bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of fetoplacental oxygenation in a rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus using BOLD-MRI at 7.0-T
Authors: Wang Ying-Fang , Chen Chang-An , Li Ming-Qing , Tao Xiang , Zhao Xian-Ce , Wang Cheng-Jie , Zhang Guo-Fu , Zhang He 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To compare the differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) parameters following maternal hyperoxia between normal pregnancy and pregnancy in the rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods:
GDM was induced by high-fat and sucrose diet (HFS) combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). On embryonic day 19 (E19), the two groups of pregnant rats were imaged using a 7.0-T animal MRI scanner. TurboRARE was initially used to localize the fetoplacental units (FPUs). Next, multiple gradient echo BOLD was performed during the air and oxygen inhalation periods. T2* map was then generated, and the baseline T2* and absolute changes in T2* value (ΔT2*, difference between T2*oxy and T2*air) were calculated. Following the MRI scan, the placentas and fetuses were aseptically stripped, weighed, and immunostained.

Results:
Nine rats were used in this study. After maternal oxygen inhalation, T2* increased significantly in all subjects in both groups. The ΔT2* for the placenta (5.97 msec vs. 7.81 msec; P = 0.007) and fetal brain (2.23 msec vs. 3.97 msec; P = 0.005) differed significantly between the GDM and control groups. Histochemical detection of placental glycogen content and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) showed significantly higher levels in the GDM than in the normal placenta.

Conclusions:
BOLD MRI revealed abnormalities in the fetoplacental response to maternal hyperoxygenation in rats with GDM. We believe that this approach can potentially be used to evaluate placental dysfunction and assess the state of the fetus during pregnancy with GDM.
The Lived Experience of Serious Stroke Survival: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Case Study
Authors: Champlin Barbara E. , Hunt Roberta J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to describe the lived experiences of a serious stroke survivor.

Design
This is a hermeneutic phenomenological case study.

Methods
Data were collected via observations and conversations during 75 visits, 14 brief audiotaped interviews, field notes, and conversations with family members, close friends, and care providers.

Findings
Seven themes emerged that form the general structure of the lived experience of surviving a serious stroke. These themes were organized around four fundamental existential themes including space, time, body, and relationships.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing
Spend intentional time with patients beyond the initial stroke rehabilitation period to better understand the experience, individualize care, identify meaningful activities previously engaged in, and identify people who may be willing to partner with them to continue participation in the meaningful activities.

Conclusion
Hermeneutic phenomenology allows the essence of the stroke survival experience to be revealed and contributes to better understanding of the phenomenon.
BIOMARKERS: CAN THEY REALLY GUIDE OUR DAILY PRACTICE?
Authors: Tsangaris Iraklis , Antonakos Nikolaos , Fantoni Massimo , Kaplanski Gilles , Kyriazopoulou Evdoxia , Veas Francisco , Clemens Mark 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Optimal management of septic patients requires accurate assessment of both current severity status and prognosis. Since the 1990s, substantial advances have been made in the use of circulating biomarkers for such assessments. This summary of the session on “Biomarkers: can they really use guide our daily practice?” presented at the 2021 WEB-CONFERENCE OF THE EUROPEAN SHOCK SOCIETY, 6 November 2021. These biomarkers include ultrasensitive detection of bacteremia, circulating soluble urokina-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin and procalcitonin. In addition, the potential application of novel multiwavelength optical biosensor technology allows noninvasive monitoring of multiple metabolites that can be used to assess severity and prognosis in septic patients. The application these biomarkers and improved technologies provide the potential for improved personalized management of septic patients.
Development of a Novel Infant Volumetric Capnography Simulator
Authors: Campos Marcelo D. , Bonardi Ariel , Palazzi Lucio H. , Madorno Matías , Böhm Stephan H. , Tusman Gerardo 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Volumetric capnography depicts volumetric capnograms [ie, the plot of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) over the tidal volume]. This bench study aimed to determine the reliability, accuracy, and precision of a novel infant simulator for volumetric capnography. This simulator would be clinically valuable for teaching purposes because it reflects the entire cardiopulmonary physiology within 1 breath.

Methods
An infant lung simulator was fed with CO2 supplied by a mass flow controller (VCO2-IN) and ventilated using standard settings. A volumetric capnograph was placed between the endotracheal tube and the ventilatory circuit. We simulated ventilated babies of different body weights (2, 2.5, 3, and 5 kg) with a VCO2 ranging from 12 to 30 mL/min. The correlation coefficient (r
2), bias, coefficient of variation (CV = SD/x × 100), and precision (2 × CV) between the VCO2-IN and the elimination of CO2 recorded by the capnograph (VCO2-OUT) were calculated. The quality of the capnogram's waveforms was compared with real ones belonging to anesthetized infants using an 8-point scoring system, where 6 points or greater meant that the simulated capnogram showed good, 5 to 3 points acceptable, and less than 3 points an unacceptable shape.

Results
The correlation between VCO2-IN and VCO2-OUT was r
2 = 0.9953 (P < 0.001), with a bias of 0.16 (95% confidence intervals from 0.12 to 0.20) mL/min. The CV was 5% or less and the precision was 10% or less. All simulated capnograms showed similar shapes compared with real babies, scoring 6 points for 3 kg and 6.5 points for 2-, 2.5-, and 5-kg babies.

Conclusions
The simulator of volumetric capnograms was reliable, accurate, and precise for simulating the CO2 kinetics of ventilated infants.
Pectin based biologic Velcro effectively seals traumatic solid organ and small bowel injuries
Authors: Williams James , Prey Beau , Francis Andrew , Weykamp Michael , Liu Betty , Parsons Michael , Vu Michael , Franko Jace , Roedel Erik , Lallemand Michael , Bingham Jason , Mentzer Steven , Kuckelman John 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION
Injuries to the liver and small bowel are common in multiple injuries. While there are currently a variety of accepted damage-control techniques to expeditiously manage such injuries, morbidity and mortality remain high. Pectin polymers have previously been shown to effectively seal visceral organ injuries ex vivo through physiochemical entanglement with the glycocalyx. We sought to compare the standard of care for the management of penetrating liver and small bowel injuries with a pectin-based bioadhesive patch in a live animal model.

METHODS
Fifteen adult male swine underwent a laparotomy with standardized laceration to the liver. Animals were randomized to one of three treatment arms: packing with laparotomy pads (n = 5), suture repair (n = 5), or pectin patch repair (n = 5). Following 2 hours of observation, fluid was evacuated from the abdominal cavity and weighed. Next, a full-thickness small bowel injury was created, and animals were randomized to either a sutured repair (n = 7) or pectin patch repair (n = 8). The segment of bowel was then pressurized with saline, and the burst pressure was recorded.

RESULTS
All animals survived the protocol to completion. There were no clinically significant differences between groups regarding baseline vitals or laboratory studies. On one-way analysis of variance, there was a statistically significant difference between groups regarding blood loss after liver repair (26 mL suture vs. 33 mL pectin vs. 142 mL packing, p < 0.01). On post hoc analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between suture and pectin (p = 0.9). After repair, small bowel burst pressures were similar between pectin and suture repair (234 vs. 224 mm Hg, p = 0.7).

CONCLUSION
Pectin-based bioadhesive patches performed similarly to the standard of care for the management of liver lacerations and full-thickness bowel injuries. Further testing is warranted to assess the biodurability of a pectin patch repair, as it may offer a simple option to effectively temporize traumatic intra-abdominal injuries.
Impact of institutional prophylaxis guidelines on rates of pediatric venous thromboembolism following trauma—A multicenter study from the pediatric trauma society research committee
Authors: Labuz Daniel F. , Tobias Joseph , Selesner Leigh , Han XiaoYue , Cunningham Aaron , Marenco Christopher W. , Escobar Mauricio A. , Hazeltine Max D. , Cleary Muriel A. , Kotagal Meera , Falcone Richard A. , Vogel Adam M. , MacArthur Taleen , Klinkner Denise B. , Shah Aashka , Chernoguz Artur , Orioles Alberto , Zagel Alicia , Gosain Ankush , Knaus Maria , Hamilton Nicholas A. , Jafri Mubeen A. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
A paucity of data exists with regard to the incidence, management, and outcomes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in injured children. We sought to determine the impact of institutional chemoprophylaxis guidelines on VTE rates in a pediatric trauma population.

METHODS
A retrospective review of injured children (≤15 years) admitted between 2009 and 2018 at 10 pediatric trauma centers was performed. Data were gathered from institutional trauma registries and dedicated chart review. The institutions were surveyed as to whether they had chemoprophylaxis guidelines in place for high-risk pediatric trauma patients, and outcomes were compared based on the presence of guidelines using χ2 analysis (p < 0.05).

RESULTS
There were 45,202 patients evaluated during the study period. Three institutions (28,359 patients, 63%) had established chemoprophylaxis policies during the study period (“Guidelines”); the other seven centers (16,843 patients, 37%) had no such guidelines (“Standard”). There were significantly lower rates of VTE in the Guidelines group, but these patients also had significantly fewer risk factors. Among critically injured children with similar clinical presentations, there was no difference in VTE rate. Specifically within the Guidelines group, 30 children developed VTE. The majority (17/30) were actually not indicated for chemoprophylaxis based on institutional guidelines. Still, despite protocols only one VTE patient in the guidelines group who was indicated for intervention ended up receiving chemoprophylaxis prior to diagnosis. No consistent ultrasound screening protocol was in place at any institution during the study.

CONCLUSION
The presence of an institutional policy to guide chemoprophylaxis for injured children is associated with a decreased overall frequency of VTE, but this disappears when controlling for patient factors. However, the overall efficacy is impacted by a combination of deficits in guideline compliance and structure. Further prospective data are needed to help determine the ideal role for chemoprophylaxis and protocols in pediatric trauma.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level IV.
A Machine Learning Prediction Model for Immediate Graft Function After Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Quinino Raquel M. , Agena Fabiana , Modelli de Andrade Luis Gustavo , Furtado Mariane , Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre D.P. , David-Neto Elias 
Published: March 2023

Background.After kidney transplantation (KTx), the graft can evolve from excellent immediate graft function (IGF) to total absence of function requiring dialysis. Recipients with IGF do not seem to benefit from using machine perfusion, an expensive procedure, in the long term when compared with cold storage. This study proposes to develop a prediction model for IGF in KTx deceased donor patients using machine learning algorithms.Methods.Unsensitized recipients who received their first KTx deceased donor between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were classified according to the conduct of renal function after transplantation. Variables related to the donor, recipient, kidney preservation, and immunology were used. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 70% were assigned to the training and 30% to the test group. Popular machine learning algorithms were used: eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting classifier, Logistic Regression, CatBoost classifier, AdaBoost classifier, and Random Forest classifier. Comparative performance analysis on the test dataset was performed using the results of the AUC values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score.Results.Of the 859 patients, 21.7% (n = 186) had IGF. The best predictive performance resulted from the eXtreme Gradient Boosting model (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71–0.84; sensitivity, 0.64; specificity, 0.78). Five variables with the highest predictive value were identified.Conclusions.Our results indicated the possibility of creating a model for the prediction of IGF, enhancing the selection of patients who would benefit from an expensive treatment, as in the case of machine perfusion preservation.
Nonrapid Eye Movement Parasomnias
Authors: Augustine Ann 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Non-REM parasomnias are often observed during childhood and adolescence, by which time they typically remit. For a small percentage, these nocturnal behaviors can persist into adulthood, or in some cases, present as a new onset in adults. Non-REM parasomnias (also known as disorders of arousal) can offer a diagnostic challenge in patients who have an atypical presentation where REM sleep parasomnias, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and overlap parasomnia should be considered as part of the differential. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of non-REM parasomnias. The neurophysiology behind non-REM parasomnias is considered, and this gives insights into their cause and the potential for treatment.
Quirky conversations: how people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia do dialogue differently
Authors: Howes Christine , Lavelle Mary 
Published: March 2023

People with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (PSz) have difficulty engaging in social interaction, but little research has focused on dialogues involving PSz interacting with partners who are unaware of their diagnosis. Using quantitative and qualitative methods on a unique corpus of triadic dialogues of PSz first social encounters, we show that turn-taking is disrupted in dialogues involving a PSz. Specifically, there are on average longer gaps between turns in groups which contain a PSz compared to those which do not, particularly when the speaker switch occurs from one control (C) participant to the other. Furthermore, the expected link between gesture and repair is not present in dialogues with a PSz, particularly for C participants interacting with a PSz. As well as offering some insights into how the presence of a PSz affects an interaction, our results also demonstrate the flexibility of our mechanisms for interaction.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction’.
Beyond speaking: neurocognitive perspectives on language production in social interaction
Authors: Kuhlen Anna K. , Abdel Rahman Rasha 
Published: March 2023

The human faculty to speak has evolved, so has been argued, for communicating with others and for engaging in social interactions. Hence the human cognitive system should be equipped to address the demands that social interaction places on the language production system. These demands include the need to coordinate speaking with listening, the need to integrate own (verbal) actions with the interlocutor's actions, and the need to adapt language flexibly to the interlocutor and the social context. In order to meet these demands, core processes of language production are supported by cognitive processes that enable interpersonal coordination and social cognition. To fully understand the cognitive architecture and its neural implementation enabling humans to speak in social interaction, our understanding of how humans produce language needs to be connected to our understanding of how humans gain insights into other people's mental states and coordinate in social interaction. This article reviews theories and neurocognitive experiments that make this connection and can contribute to advancing our understanding of speaking in social interaction.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction’.
SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccine surveillance studies in Australian children and adults with cancer: SerOzNET Quality of Life, Toxicity and Vaccine Beliefs Substudy Statistical Analysis Plan
Authors: Donoghue Mark W , Body Amy , Wakefield Claire , Ahern Elizabeth , Segelov Eva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 disease is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. SerOzNET is a prospective cohort study of adults and children with cancer undergoing routine SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Australia. Peripheral blood was collected and processed at multiple points (one pre-vaccination and five or more post-vaccination) to address the primary aim of the study to assess the serological and immunological responses to vaccination.A secondary aim of the study was to “document patient response to vaccination using qualitative measures, including patient-reported outcomes, vaccine hesitancy survey and post-hoc toxicity recording” (body, et al.,2022). This statistical analysis plan describes the analysis of the data collected to address this aim. We will refer to this as the SerOzNET QoL Substudy.We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Coronary microvascular resistance comparison of coronary branches with and without additional vascular diameter
Authors: Muroya Takahiro , Kawano Hiroaki , Yamamoto Fumi , Maemura Koji 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundMeasurement of coronary microvascular resistance (MR) is essential for diagnosing nonocclusive coronary artery ischemia, but whether coronary branches of different diameters can be similarly assessed using hyperemic microvascular resistance index (hMVRI) calculated from average peak velocity (APV) remains unclear.ObjectivesWe investigated the relationship between coronary arteries of different diameters and hMVRI.MethodThirty patients with suspected angina pectoris and nonobstructive coronary stenosis with fractional flow reserve >0.8 underwent evaluation of all coronary arteries using a Doppler velocity and pressure-equipped guidewire. Vessel diameter (DQCA) was analyzed by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). Coronary blood flow (CBFQCA) was calculated as πDQCA2/4 (0.5×APV) and hMVRI as distal coronary pressure (Pd) divided by CBFDQCAduring maximal hyperemia.ResultsThe hMVRI was significantly higher for the right coronary artery (RCA) than for the left anterior descending artery (LAD), but no significant differences between arteries were seen for CBFQCAand hMVRIQCA. Although the correlation between CBFQCAand APV was weak in all arteries, CBFQCAdivided into three groups according to DQCAshowed very strong correlations with APV. Slopes of the straight line between APV and CBFQCAfor small-, middle-, and large-diameter groups were 0.48, 0.30, and 0,21, respectively, with slope decreasing as diameter increased. The correlation between APV and CBFQCAwas high for LAD and RCA, but weak for the left circumflex artery.ConclusionsEvaluation of MR in coronary branches requires consideration of vessel diameter.
Continuous theta-burst stimulation of the contralesional primary motor cortex for promotion of upper limb recovery after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vink Jord JT , van Lieshout Eline CC , Otte Willem M , van Eijk Ruben PA , Kouwenhoven Mirjam , Neggers Sebastiaan FW , van der Worp H Bart , Visser-Meily Johanna MA , Dijkhuizen Rick M 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite improvements in acute stroke therapies and rehabilitation strategies, many stroke patients are left with long-term upper limb motor impairment. We assessed whether an inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment paradigm started within three weeks after stroke onset promotes upper limb motor recovery.MethodsPatients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage and unilateral upper limb motor impairment admitted to a single rehabilitation center were randomized to ten daily sessions of active or sham continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) of the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) combined with standard upper limb therapy, started within three weeks after stroke onset. The primary outcome was the change in the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) score from baseline (pre-treatment) at three months after stroke. Secondary outcomes included the score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at three months and the length of stay (LOS) at the rehabilitation center. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed models for repeated measures.ResultsWe enrolled 60 patients between April, 2017 and February, 2021, of whom 29 were randomized to active cTBS and 31 to sham cTBS. One patient randomized to active cTBS withdrew consent before the intervention and was excluded from the analyses. The mean difference in the change in ARAT score from baseline at three months post-stroke was 9.6 points (95%CI 1.2-17.9; p 0.0244) in favor of active cTBS. Active cTBS was associated with better scores on the mRS at three months (OR 0.2; 95%CI 0.1-0.8; p 0.0225) and with an 18 days shorter length of stay at the rehabilitation center than sham cTBS (95%CI 0.0-36.4; p 0.0494). There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsTen daily sessions of cTBS of the contralesional M1 combined with upper limb training, started within three weeks after stroke onset, promote recovery of the upper limb, reduce disability and dependence and leads to earlier discharge from the rehabilitation center.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the international clinical trials registry platform (https://trialsearch.who.int/) with unique identifier: NTR6133.
Parasitism and locomotory capacity calibrate the mitogenomic evolutionary rates in Bilateria
Authors: Jakovlić Ivan , Zou Hong , Ye Tong , Zhang Hong , Liu Xiang , Xiang Chuan-Yu , Wang Gui-Tang , Zhang Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe evidence that parasitic lineages exhibit elevated evolutionary rates is limited to Arthropoda and inconsistent. Similarly, the evidence that mitogenomic evolution is faster in species with low locomotory capacity (LC) is limited to a handful of animal lineages. We hypothesised that these two variables are associated and that LC is a major underlying factor driving the elevated evolutionary rates in parasites. We tested this hypothesis by studying mitogenomic evolutionary patterns in 10,911 bilaterian species classified according to their locomotory capacity and parasitic/free-living life history (LH). Evolutionary rates were significantly elevated in endoparasites, ectoparasites with reduced LC, and free-living lineages with reduced LC, but not in ectoparasites and parasitoids with high LC. Nematoda and Arachnida were the only lineages where parasitism was not associated with faster evolution. We propose that LC may also explain these two major outliers. Overall, the LH categorisation explained 35-37%, LC categorisation 26-28%, and together they explained 41-44% of the variance in branch lengths across the Bilateria. Our findings suggest that these two variables play a major role in calibrating the molecular clock in bilaterian animals.