bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying a key spot for mediator-interaction to tailor CO dehydrogenase’s affinity
Authors: Kim Suk Min , Kang Sung Heuck , Lee Jinhee , Heo Yoonyoung , Hwang Ho Won , Poloniataki Eleni G. , Yoon Hye-Jin , Lee Hyung Ho , Kim Yong Hwan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fe‒S cluster-harboring enzymes, such as carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH), employ sophisticated artificial electron mediators like viologens to serve as potent biocatalysts capable of cleaning-up industrial off-gases at stunning reaction rates. Unraveling the interplay between these enzymes and their associated mediators is essential for improving the efficiency of CODHs. Here we show the electron mediator-interaction site on ChCODHs (Ch, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans) using a systematic approach that leverages the viologen-reactive characteristics of superficial aromatic residues. By enhancing mediator-interaction (R57G/N59L) near the D-cluster, the strategically tailored variants exhibited a ten-fold increase in ethyl viologen affinity relative to the wild-type without sacrificing the turn-over rate (kcat). Viologen-complexed structures revealed the pivotal positions of surface phenylalanine residues, serving as external conduits for the D-cluster. One variant (G57/L59/W559) could treat a broad spectrum of waste gases (from steel-process and plastic-gasification) containing O2. Decoding mediator interactions will facilitate the development of industrially high-efficient biocatalysts encompassing gas-utilizing enzymes.
Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptide Produced by Bacillus Subtilis Subsp. Subtilis
Authors: ALAJLANI MUAAZ 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Antimicrobial peptides are amongst the most promising class of peptides to contract the rise of global antimicrobial resistant. This article investigates a new antimicrobial peptide from bacteria.Methods: Bacterial identification was based on phenotypical and biochemical properties as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence homology. Bacterial growth and production of the inhibitory substance was standardized and optimized. The newly antimicrobial peptide was purified to homogeneity, subsequently analyzed by PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS.Results: The bacterium identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis and designated as strain MZ-32. Landy medium was best for the production when compared with different media after fixing the least influential variables in standardized fermentation conditions. Carbohydrate and nitrogen supplements investigated to improve production in Landy medium. The antimicrobial peptide of 2.158-Da was active against a broad range of skin-born pathogenic bacteria that were resistant to standard antibiotics, and possessed the physico-chemical properties of an ideal antimicrobial agent in terms of water solubility, thermal resistance, and stability towards acid/alkali (pH 4.0 to 9.0) treatments.Conclusion: The new strain and its associated peptide are potentially new candidates for medical and biotechnological applications.
Patient-Reported Impact of Symptoms in Adrenoleukodystrophy (PRISM-ALD)
Authors: Varma Anika , Weinstein Jennifer , Seabury Jamison , Rosero Spencer , Dilek Nuran , Heatwole John , Engebrecht Charlotte , Khosa Shaweta , Chung Kaitlin , Paker Asif , Woo Amy , Brooks Gregory , Beals Chan , Gandhi Rohan , Heatwole Chad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a multifaceted, x-linked, neurodegenerative disorder that affect patients through a variety of physical, emotional, social, and other disease-specific factors that collectively contribute to disease burden. Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations and a subset of ALD. To facilitate clinical care and research, it is important to identify which symptoms are most common and relevant to individuals with ALD and AMN.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews and an international cross-sectional study to determine the most prevalent and important symptoms of ALD and AMN. Our studies included adult participants with a diagnosis of ALD and AMN who were recruited from national and international patient registries. Responses were categorized by age, sex, functional status, and other demographic and clinical features.
Results
Seventeen individuals with ALD and AMN participated in qualitative interviews, providing 1,709 direct quotes regarding their symptomatic burden. One hundred and nine individuals participated in the cross sectional survey study, which inquired about 182 unique symptoms representing 24 distinct symptomatic themes. The symptomatic themes with the highest prevalence in the ALD and AMN sample cohort were problems with balance (90.9%), limitations with mobility or walking (87.3%), fatigue (86.4%), and leg weakness (86.4%). The symptomatic themes with the highest impact scores (on a 0–4 scale with 4 being the most severe) were trouble getting around (2.35), leg weakness (2.25), and problems with balance (2.21). A higher prevalence of symptomatic themes was associated with functional ability, employment disruption, and speech status.
Conclusions
There are many patient-relevant symptoms and themes that contribute to disease burden in individuals with ALD and AMN. These symptoms, identified by those diagnosed with ALD and AMN, present key targets for further research and therapeutic development.
Near Real-time Detection and Moment Tensor Inversion of the May 11, 2022, Dharchula Earthquake
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Silwal Vipul , Mahanta Rinku , Maurya Vipin Kumar , Sharma Mukat Lal , Kamal Kamal , Ammani Ambikapathy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On May 11, 2022, an Mw-5.2 earthquake occurred in the Dharchula region of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The Uttarakhand State Earthquake Early Warning System (UEEWS) detected and transmitted the warning within 13.61 seconds of the origin, taking only 6.25 seconds for processing, location and magnitude estimation, and warning dissemination. The complete analysis is performed using three seconds of waveforms. Using the initial earthquake parameters provided by the UEEWS, moment tensor inversion is performed using broadband seismometer network installed in northern India. The moment tensor (MT) inversion has been performed for the event using both the body waves and the surface waves. The paper discusses the importance of real-time event detection and efforts towards real-time MT source inversion of earthquakes in the Uttarakhand Himalayas.
A Dynamic Theory of the Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle: A New Measure of Home Country Bias
Authors: Takahashi Harutaka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The recent home country bias is primarily related to the home bias of equities as measured by the international Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). This measure has declined over the past two decades amid financial globalization but remains high in most developed countries. The key to understanding this puzzling phenomenon lies in how accurately this indicator can be predicted. For example, a major drawback of the equity home bias indicator is that it cannot be applied to portfolios that span a broad menu of assets, including stocks, bonds, and bank loans. We propose an aggregate home bias indicator associated with savings retention rate (called "beta"), which is estimated by a Feldstein-Horioka regression. Note that domestic savings consist of a variety of assets. However, a drawback of the beta is that it is subject to variety of estimation biases. To avoid this problem, we re-estimate beta based on the saddle-path dynamics of investment under convex adjustment costs based on Tobin's q theory, an approach quite different from previous studies related to the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle (FHP). In doing so, we applied dynamic panel estimation to measure the impact of changes in domestic savings on investment behavior. The main empirical results are as follows. Home bias declined steadily from 0.57 to 0.32 through 2000, and the correlation between investment and savings disappeared from 2000 to 2008, but recovered to 0.5, the average of the 40-year home bias measure, after the 2008 financial crisis. Interestingly, after the financial crisis, people expected the home bias to be very high, but in fact it simply returned to the average level. The paper will focus only on the precise estimation of β and leave the causes of this phenomenon to other studies.
JEL: C23, F21, F32
Opioid Prescribing for Acute Postoperative Pain: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: McCorquodale Cara Louise , Greening Rachel , Tulloch Ross , Forget Patrice 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
National guidelines for rational opioid prescribing for acute postoperative pain are needed to optimise postoperative pain control and function whilst minimising opioid-related harm.
Objectives
This overview of systematic reviews aims to summarise and critically assess the quality of systematic reviews related to the 20 previously published recommendations (ten relevant at patient and prescriber levels and ten at a system / Public Health level). It also aims to identify gaps in research that require further efforts to fill these in order to augment the evidence behind creating national guidelines for rational opioid prescribing for acute postoperative pain.
Methods
A systematic database search using PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane was conducted in November 2022. Furthermore, reference lists were reviewed. All identified systematic reviews were assessed for eligibility. Data from each study was extracted using a pre-standardised data extraction form. The methodological quality of the included reviews was assessed by two independent reviewers using the AMSTAR 2 checklist. Descriptive synthesis of the results was performed.
Results
A total of 12 papers were eligible for analysis. Only eight out of the total 20 prioritised recommendations had systematic reviews that provided evidence related to them. These systematic reviews were most commonly of critically low quality.
Conclusion
The consensus papers provide guidance and recommendations based on the consensus of expert opinion that is based on the best available evidence. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting many of these consensus statements. Efforts to further analyse interventions that aim to reduce the rates of opioid prescribing and their adverse effects should therefore continue.
Injectable hydrogel electrodes as conduction highways to restore native pacing
Authors: Rivera Gabriel Rodriguez , Post Allison , John Mathews , Buchan Skylar , Beranrd Drew , Razavi Mehdi , Cosgriff-Hernandez Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need for a preventative treatment regimen that addresses the underlying pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias, the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. The current report describes a new approach in cardiac rhythm management that leverages the native coronary anatomy for creation of flexible electrodes to directly and uniformly stimulate mid-myocardial tissues. Successful in vivo deployment of an injectable hydrogel electrode was achieved in a pig model via the rapid, in situ gelation of the two component hydrogel precursors to transform the vein into a flexible electrode with access far more refined than any current technologies allow. In addition to successful capture and pacing of the heart, analysis of surface ECG tracings and three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping revealed a QRS morphology comparable to native sinus rhythm, strongly suggesting the hydrogel electrode captures the deep septal bundle branches and Purkinje fibers. In an ablation model, electroanatomic mapping data demonstrated that the activation wavefront from the hydrogel reaches the mid-myocardium and endocardium much earlier than current single-point pacing modalities. Such uniform, controlled activation of broad swaths of tissue with wavefront propagation from the hydrogel electrode enables a unique opportunity to minimize the delayed myocardial conduction of heterogeneous tissue that underpins re-entry. Chronic studies using a pig model confirmed safety with absence of myocardial necrosis or retention of myocardial function. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the feasibility of a new pacing modality that most closely resembles native conduction with the potential to eliminate lethal re-entrant arrhythmias and provide painless defibrillation.
Fault modeling around Southern Anatolia using aftershock sequence of Maraş earthquakes (Mw=7.7 and Mw=7.6) and interpretation of potential field data
Authors: Büyüksaraç Aydın , Bektaş Özcan , Alkan Hamdi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On 6 February 2023, southeastern Turkey experienced devastating doublet earthquakes (Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6) with a series of aftershocks along the East Anatolian fault zone. The main shocks were followed by ~ 15.000 aftershocks that are mainly distributed along the NNE-SSW direction, including ~ 400 events Mw ≥ 4.0 in the first 30 days. Although many moderate to large earthquakes occurred in the historical and instrumental periods in this region, these double earthquakes with aftershocks caused major impacts on life and released great seismic energy. In this study, we interpreted the gravity-magnetic data and the epicenter and hypocenter distribution of aftershocks to correlate the tectonic structures and the active fault zones. The results of potential field anomalies reveal the rotational anomalies in the southwestward direction associated with the tectonics structure of Anatolia. Further, shallow aftershocks are associated with high gravity anomalies, whereas in deeper depth gravity values demonstrated low anomalies. Finally, the findings of gravity-magnetic anomalies and aftershock sequences present that the first mainshock occurred in the unbroken segment of the East Anatolian fault zone.
A recommended testing region in MLH1 promoter for methylation detection in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Tan Xiaoli , Fang Yongzhen , Fan Xinjuan , Deng Weihao , Huang Jinglin , Cai Yacheng , Zou Jiaxin , Chen Zhiting , Lin Hanjie , Xu Liang , Wang Guannan , Zhan Huanmiao , Huang Shuhui , Fu Xinhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Lynch syndrome screening should includeMLH1promoter methylation detection in patients with deficiency of MLH1 (dMLH1) in colorectal cancer, but there is still no consensus on the CpG detection sites. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the specific CpG sites ofMLH1promoter and dMLH1 in a large sample, and to find the best detection region.Methods:Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to detectMLH1promoter methylation.MLH1promoter was divided into 5 regions: region A (-755 to -574, relative to the start codon), region B (-597 to -393), region C (-420 to -188), region D (-286 to -53) and region E (-73 to +86), which were tested respectively. The correlation between methylation in each region and MLH1 expression was analyzed. The sample size was gradually expanded to 626 cases for testing the highest correlation region. Subsequently, the correlation betweenMLH1promoter methylation and clinical parameters was analyzed, and a nomogram model for the prediction ofMLH1promoter methylation was established. Survival analysis was performed to analyze the influence ofMLH1promoter methylation on the prognosis of CRC.Results:Thepvalues of correlation between methylation in five regions( regions A, B, C, D, and E) and MLH1 protein expression were 0.070, 0.070, 0.005, 0.002 and 0.002, respectively. Regions D and E were consistent. In the cohort of 626 cases, methylation in region E was significantly correlated with the female, family history, mutantBRAFV600E, dMLH1 and deficiency of PMS2 (dPMS2). The consistency of the nomogram model we established to predictMLH1methylation and BSP was 78.6%. And the sensitivity and specificity of this nomogram model were 97.5% and 72.8%, respectively. In this article, we found thatMLH1promoter methylation had no significant effect on the prognosis of CRC.Conclusions:In colorectal cancer, the CpG sites in the region E of theMLH1promoter are recommended to determine the status ofMLH1methylation. The nomogram model ofMLH1promoter methylation is valuable and reliable for predictingMLH1methylation status.
Does social media have any influence on perceived dental appearance? A cross sectional survey
Authors: Khalid Mariya , Ihsan Sarah , Habib Sana , Khan Ehtesham , Mian Hamad , Wazir Hanifullah , Khalid Zarlasht , Gilani Imran , Chughtai Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives:
To evaluate the impact of social media on perceived dental appearance and to determine the correlation between time spent on social media and its impact on perceived dental appearance.
Methodology:
It was a cross-sectional study based on web-based survey. A surveying tool was developed comprising questions about sociodemographic details, use of social media and its effect on perception of an individual regarding his/ her dental appearance. The number of responses received were 347 in a period of three months. Scores were given to variables of Confidence, depression, participation in social gatherings, being ignored socially and being bullied because of dental appearance. These scores were added and final score was categorized from “less than 0 (<0)” as negative and “Greater than 0 (>0)” as positive impact.
Results:
Among 347 participants, 38% were males and 62% were females. Regarding perceived dental appearance, social media had positive impact on 310(89.3%) of participants and had negative impact on 37(10.7 %) of participants. No correlation was found between time spent on social media and impact on perceived dental appearance with P value statistically non-significant.(P value: 0.477)
Conclusion:
Majority of participants reported to have a positive impact of social media on perceived dental appearance. No statistically significant correlation was found between time spent on social media and its impact on perceived dental appearance.
CD4, CD20 and PD-L1 as a marker of recurrence in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Semeniuk-Wojtaś Aleksandra , Modzelewska Magdalena , Poddębniak-Strama Karolina , Kołaczyńska Sylwia , Lubas Arkadiusz , Górnicka Barbara , Jakieła Anna , Stec Rafał 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction

A tumor microenvironment plays an important role in bladder cancer development as well as in a treatment response.

Purpose

The aim of the study is to assess how the components of the microenvironment, in terms of cells, potentially affect tumor recurrence as well as to find the potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in NMIBC.

Methods

The study group consisted of 55 patients with primary NMIBC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of primary papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder removed during transurethral resection of the tumor. Cox proportional hazard multiple regression analysis was performed to characterize tumors with the highest probability of an unfavorable outcome.

Results

The expression of analyzed variables was found in 90% of the examined tissues. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the CD4 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32, p = 0.001), CD20 (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.84-0.97, p = 0.008) and PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells (HR 0.05, 95% CI 0.008-0.29, p = 0.01) were independently associated with the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer. Patients with weak CD4+ cells (< 4,6%) infiltration and severe CD20+ infiltration (>10%) belong to the group with a lower risk of recurrence. The cancer in this group frequently recurs also after 12 months (p=0.0005).

Conclusions

The evaluation of CD4+ and CD20+ cells in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to PD-L1 on tumor cells, facilitates determination of a group of patients with a low risk of the recurrence that could also be recognized after 12 months following the primary tumor resection.
The impact of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) withdrawal in the Lake Zone Regions in Mainland Tanzania. Should Tanzania withdrawal its IRS program?
Authors: Mwalimu Charles D , Lazaro Samwel N , Kisinza William N , Magesa Stephen M , Kiware Samson S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) has proven to be one of the most effective malaria vector control interventions in reducing malaria transmission mainly in areas with high transmission. With the support from the US President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), Tanzania has gone through expansion of IRS implementation with different insecticides from one district in 2007 to 18 districts in 2012. However, due to financial constraints this was followed by IRS withdrawal to 6 districts by 2021 - with planned further withdrawal in 2022 – 2023 down to 2 districts.
Method: The retrospective analysis is performed to understand the impact of IRS withdrawal based on DHIS2 malaria incidence per 1000 population data. Data is subjected to interrupted time series (ITS) based on monthly periods to investigate whether the effect due to IRS withdrawal is statistically significant or not. The analysis helps to examine the changes in level and/or trend before, during, and after IRS withdrawal.
Results: Visual inspections on yearly time series plots indicate that withdrawing IRS after one, two, three, or even four rounds of IRS implementation results into resurgence of malaria incidence.
The interrupted time series statistical model results based on monthly data show that the difference between the trend during IRS and after withdrawal is negative and statistically significant (p < 0.001) indicating that monthly malaria incidence decreases over time during IRS. The immediate effect after the IRS is withdrawn is positive and statistically significant (p < 0.001), indicating that withdrawing IRS resulted in increased malaria incidence. The sustained effect after IRS withdrawal is positive and statistically significant (p < 0.001), indicating that each day that passes after IRS is withdrawn, the malaria incidence increases. Overall, malaria resurgence is observed in almost all the districts in which IRS was prematurely withdrawn. Such malaria rebounds costs human lives and therefore may go beyond epidemiological concerns, raising ethical, moral and human rights issues.
Conclusion: Any decision to withdrawal IRS should ensure its replacement with an equally effective or superior intervention. There is currently no data to support that the new nets being rolled-out in the country are suitable alternatives to IRS; especially in areas of high malaria transmission with reported insecticide resistance. This calls for a need for endemic countries to continue collecting data in local setting on the performance of current and forthcoming “new net” products to ascertain their suitability to replace IRS.