bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Stresses on Angular Contact Ball Bearing under the Static Loading with Respect to Race Thickness
Authors: Mose Bruno R. , Shin Dong-Kil , Nam Jeong-Hwan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 3-dimensional Abaqus model of the angular contact ball bearing (ACBB) was modeled to investigate the influence of race thickness on the bearing performance. It was found that the ability to support higher contact stress increased with race thickness. However, large deformations were found to occur on outer race with thickness t = T1 and only small deformations were observed on outer race with t = T3. The large deformations induce higher shear stresses on thin races than on thick races. These stresses cause spall growth in bearings and propagates into a network of cracks. As a result of these findings, thin races are prone to failure compared with thick races.
Prognostic value of a serum β-hCG cut off, 12 days after fresh embryo transfer, on predicting live birth among Ugandan women
Authors: Zaake Daniel , Lwetabe Michael Weber , Kayiira Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the embryo as early as the first week of life. Several studies have proven the potential of a single serum β hCG level, at 12 to 14 days after embryo transfer, to predict pregnancy outcomes after In vitro fertilization. However, these studies show significant heterogeneity, with paucity of data from African populations. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a serum β-hCG level cut off, 12 days after embryo transfer, on predicting livebirth among Ugandan women.
Methods: A Retrospective cross-sectional study. 337 fresh IVF cycles with serum β-hCG ≥5 mIU/mL, at 12 days after embryo transfer, were eligible. We abstracted participant characteristics, IVF cycle characteristics, livebirth, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy data from each eligible cycle. We utilized the Youden index metric and the maximize_boot_metric method to link serum β-hCG levels to outcome data and determine the optimal cut off values.
Results:The optimal serum β-hCG cut off value for predicting livebirth was 437.42mIU/ml with a corresponding sensitivity and false positive rate of 72% and 31% respectively. The cut-offs for clinical and ongoing pregnancy, were 239.58 mIU/ml and 353.66 mIU/ml respectively. These corresponded with a sensitivity of 83% and 77% respectively, and a false positive rate of 27% and 33% respectively. The serum β-hCG cut off had a poor discriminatory performance for predicting live birth but moderate performance for predicting clinical and ongoing pregnancies.
Conclusion: A single serum β-hCG 12 days after cleavage embryo transfer has poor discriminatory performance in predicting live birth, albeit performing modestly in predicting clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy among Uganda women.
Predictive value of polygenic risk score for prostate cancer incidence and prognosis in the Han Chinese
Authors: Hung Sheng-Chun , Chang Li Wen , Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Wei Chia-Yi , Wang Shian-Shiang , Li Jian-Ri , Chen I-Chieh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Although prostate cancer is a common occurrence among males, the relationship between existing risk prediction models remains unclear. The objective of this hospital-based retrospective study is to investigate the impact of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) on the incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer in the Han Chinese population.
Methods:
A total of 24,778 male participants including 903 patients with prostate cancer at Taichung Veterans General Hospital were enrolled in the study. PRS was calculated using 269 single nucleotide polymorphisms and their corresponding effect sizes from the polygenic score catalog. The association between PRS and the risk prostate cancer was evaluated using a logistic regression model.
Results:
Among the 24,778 participants, 903 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The prevalence of prostate cancer was significantly higher in the highest quartile of PRS distribution compared to the lowest (OR=4.99, 95% CI=4.17-5.98, p<0.0001), with statistical significance across all age groups. Patients in the highest quartile were diagnosed with prostate cancer at a younger age (66.8±8.3 vs. 69.5±8.8, p=0.002). Subgroup analysis of patients with localized or stage 4 prostate cancer showed no significant differences in biochemical failure or overall survival.
Conclusions:
This hospital-based cohort study observed that a higher PRS was associated with increased susceptibility to prostate cancer and younger age of diagnosis. However, PRS was not found to be a significant predictor of disease stage and prognosis. These findings suggest that PRS could serve as a useful tool in prostate cancer risk assessment.
How electron tunneling and uphill excitation energy transfer support photochemistry in Halomicronema hongdechloris
Authors: Schmitt Franz-Josef , Hüls Anne , Moldenhauer Marcus , Friedrich Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Halomicronema hongdechloris, the first cyanobacterium reported to produce the red-shifted chlorophyll f (Chl f) upon acclimation to far-red light, demonstrates remarkable adaptability to diverse light conditions. The photosystem II (PS II) of this organism undergoes reversible changes in its Chl f content, with levels ranging from practically zero under white-light culture conditions to a Chl f :Chl a ratio of up to 1:8 when exposed to far-red light (FRL) in the 720–730 nm range for several days. Our ps time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence data obtained after excitation of living H. hongdechloris cells indicate that the Soret band of a far-red (FR) chlorophyll involved in charge separation absorbs at 470 nm. At 10 K, the fluorescence decay at 715–720 nm is still fast with a time constant of 165 ps indicating an efficient electron tunneling process. However, additionally, there is efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) from 715–720 nm to 745 nm with the latter resulting from FR Chl f, which mainly functions as light-harvesting pigment upon adaptation to FRL. From there, excitation energy is efficiently transferred towards the primary donor in the reaction center of PS II with an energetic uphill EET mechanism inducing charge transfer. The fluorescence data is well explained with a secondary donor PD1 represented by a red-shifted Chl a molecule with characteristic fluorescence around 715 nm and a more red-shifted FR Chl f with fluorescence around 725 nm as primary donor at the ChlD1 or PD2 position.
Relational security as the core of the security framework: the interplay with physical- and procedural security and the broader institutional context
Authors: Souverein Fleur , Mulder Eva , Domburgh Lieke van , Popma Arne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Given the developmental vulnerability of justice-involved youth, providing a safe environment in secure facilities is a paramount, yet challenging task. Therefore, a sound security framework is crucial. Existing knowledge emphasizes the importance of a shift in focus on physical- and procedural security towards relational security. At the same time there is a lack of knowledge on relational security, particularly in the context of youth justice. This paper explores: 1) How relational security, as the core of the security framework, relates to physical- and procedural security; 2) What are organizational determinants for effective relational security as the core of the security framework?
Method
This paper is based on findings of a three-year evaluation of three small-scaled, community-embedded facilities that are grounded in relational security. The approach of the evaluation was derived from action research: a cyclic process alternating between action, research and critical reflection, including a total of 63 semi-structured interviews with staff, youth and parents.
Results
The security framework is a systemic model: all three forms of security (relational, physical, procedural) need to be in place. Staff, youth and parents describe several mechanism that direct how these three security dimensions may be appropriately balanced attuned to youth’s individual needs and strengths. In addition various determinants at different organizational levels were identified: target population, suited professionals, team collaboration, group composition, activities, method and institutional policies, organization vision and culture, facility design, stakeholder network, and legislation and politics.
Conclusion
Relational security can be defined in a practical conceptualization within the dynamics of the security framework; outlining a vision, way of working and the conducive conditions for implementation.
Histology shift in esophageal cancer between biopsies and resections after neoadjuvant therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Hou Tieying , Yang Zhaohai , Zhang Qingzhao , Zhang Xuchen , Liao Xiaoyan , Lin Jingmei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Preoperative neoadjuvant therapy followed by resection is the mainstay treatment for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We recently observed the histology shift from predominant EAC in the biopsy to neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) with or without EAC in the post-treatment esophagectomy. The underlying mechanism of this finding is uncertain and there is limited information in the literature.
Methods
Cases with a biopsy diagnosis of EAC and resection diagnosis of NEN with or without EAC were retrieved. All H&E slides were reviewed in conjunction with clinical history and ancillary studies.
Results
A total of 11 patients were identified with a median age of 60 years. Ten patients received presurgical chemoradiation therapy and 1 with chemotherapy only. All biopsies revealed conventional EAC. When neuroendocrine immunomarkers were retrospectively performed on 5 biopsies, two showed focal positivity, although the classic neuroendocrine morphology was not readily appreciated. The neuroendocrine neoplasm ranged from 1% to 100% in the resections, including 8 of well differentiated NETs and 3 of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Six cases were clinical stage III or above. Upon follow up, eight patients died of the disease (median survival = 26 months) and three patients were alive after a median follow-up of 14 months. The overall median survival time was better than the reported esophageal NEC (15 months). The 5-year observed survival rate was 11.3%, which was lower than the SEER 5-year survival rate of EAC (21.8%).
Conclusions
We reported a small series of EAC that showed histology changes between biopsy and esophagectomy after receiving neoadjuvant therapy. These patients tended to present with advanced stage of disease and poor prognosis. Acknowledging this unique phenomenon is helpful to solve diagnostic dilemma and potentially guide presurgical therapy to improve patient’s survival.
The abstract of this study was presented at the Annual Conference of United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology (USCAP), March 2023, New Orleans, LA
Caridina nilotica Biomarker Sensitivity Distribution for Roundup ® : Towards Derivation of Water Quality Guideline Values
Authors: Mensah Paul Kojo , Akwetey Margaret Fafa , Mgaba Ntombekhaya , Odume Oghenekaro Nelson 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Currently, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach is considered a useful tool in aquatic ecotoxicology for predictive effect assessments of toxicants. This approach is based on the variation in species sensitivities expressed by a statistical distribution, and the data comes from many ecotoxicological studies. In recent times, biomarkers have been suggested to be included in ecotoxicological risk assessment. This study, therefore, sought to answer the question: Could biomarker sensitivity distribution (BSD) of a single species be used to derive water quality guideline values? To answer this question, different biological system scales of Caridina nilotica were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Roundup® herbicide in a series of short-term (< 4 d) and long-term (> 4 d) experiments. Short-term biomarkers assessment included different life stages, lipid peroxidation (LPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), while adult life stage, AChE, LPx, growth and reproductive measures were assessed for long-term biomarkers. Biomarker sensitivity distributions (BSDs) were constructed and used short-term and long-term water quality guideline (WQG) values were estimated. These were compared to SSD-derived water quality guideline values for Roundup®. Observations from the comparison suggested that the different biological system scales of C. nilotica are more sensitive to long-term Roundup® exposure than SSD results. This study has shown that an in-depth study with one species using the BSD approach can provide reasonable ecotoxicological data that can be used to derive site-specific guidelines to protect sensitive species or taxonomic groups. As a novelty, this study has demonstrated the possibility of using the BSD approach in deriving WQG values.
Milk-derived pentapeptide PGPIP ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver disease in the mouse model of chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding via inhibiting the upregulation of Cytochrome P4502E1 and promoting FoxO3a-MnSOD axis
Authors: Li Anqi , Zhu Xiaomei , Huang Jiujiu , Geng Qilong , Liu Yun , Xu Yin , Qin Yide , Qi Nan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Microfluidic Nanoparticle-based Lab-on-a-chip Devices for the detection of Dopamine
Authors: Virdi Gurdeep 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter compound that is produced in the substantial ventral typical area and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous systems. A novel integrated Lab-on-a-chip device using PDMS and glass plate has been successfully designed, fabricated, and tested for various concentrations of dopamine.
For the separation of dopamine and ascorbic acid mixture, the working electrode of the Lab-on-a-Chip device was modified by coating with Aunanocomposite particles, which separates dopamine and ascorbic acid
Impact of treatment delay on the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer: A population-based study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Ruiying , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Delays in cancer-related treatments are common. This retrospective study aimed to assess the impact of treatment delay on prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.
Results: Of the 21,590 patients included, 15,675 (72.6%), 5,582 (25.9%), and 333 (1.54%) were classified into the immediate treatment (<1 month after diagnosis), intermediate-delay (1–2 month delayed), and long-delay groups (≥3 months delayed), respectively. The 5-year probability of overall survival (OS) was 61.4% in the immediate treatment group, decreasing to 36.4% and 34.8% in the intermediate- and long-delay groups, respectively. Similar survival differences were also reflected in cancer-specific survival (CSS), with 5-year CSS probabilities of 66.7%, 42.6%, and 41.8% in the aforementioned groups, respectively. Patients in the intermediate-delay group showed poorer OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.11; p=0.006) and CSS (adjusted HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.11; p=0.012) than immediate treatment group.
Conclusions: Patients with delayed treatment had poorer OS and CSS. For patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, the waiting time for treatment should be as short as possible (i.e., within 1 month).
Exploring Financial Instability in America through the Lens of Financial Education
Authors: Mousseau Benjamin Mousseau , Oztanriseven Furkan Oztanriseven , Kilinc Mehmet Kilinc 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Financial instability in America is a significant problem worth examining because of its vast social costs. People assume that financial education is the antidote to this problem, yet less than half of the states in America mandate it in high school. Using the 2018 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), this thesis explores the links between financial education and financial instability, using financial literacy as a mediating factor. This research used descriptive statistics to give an overview of all the important variables and logistic regression to test the hypotheses. The results show that financial education and financial literacy are positively related and that financial literacy is negatively associated with financial instability. Policymaking should be aimed at the high school level because that is where most people have access to financial education. This study indicates that financial education is underutilized in America, which has resulted in a vast majority of the population’s becoming financially unstable.
High-efficiency (&gt;30%) monolithic perovskite-Si tandem solar cells with flat front-side wafers
Authors: Turkay Deniz , Artuk Kerem , Chin Xin-Yu , Jacobs Daniel , Moon Soo-Jin , Walter Arnaud , Mensi Mounir , Andreatta Gaëlle , Blondiaux Nicolas , Lai Huagui , Fu Fan , Boccard Mathieu , Jeangros Quentin , Ballif Christophe , Wolff Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Perovskite-Si tandem solar cells are the most prominent contenders to succeed commercial single-junction Si cells that dominate the market today. Yet, to justify the added cost of inserting a perovskite cell on top of Si, the tandem devices should first exhibit sufficiently high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Here, we present two key developments with a synergetic effect that boost the PCEs of our tandem devices with front-side flat Si wafers - the use of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid (pFBPA) in the perovskite precursor ink that suppresses non-radiative recombination near the perovskite/C60 interface, and the use of SiO2 nanoparticles under the perovskite film that suppresses the enhanced number of pinholes and shunts introduced by pFBPA, while also allowing the use of [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid as a hole transport layer. Integrating a perovskite cell featuring these developments with a Si cell, reproducible PCEs of 30±1% and a certified maximum of 30.9% are achieved for an active area of 1cm2.
Unraveling the Intricacies of Nanoparticle Targeting of Brain Therapeutics for Enhanced Efficacy
Authors: Yousfan Amal , Rahwanji Mhd Jawad Al , HANANO Abdulsamie , Al-Obaidi Hisham 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The delivery of drugs to specific target tissues and cells in the brain poses a significant challenge in brain therapeutics, primarily due to a limited understanding of how nanoparticle properties influence drug biodistribution and off-target organ accumulation. This study addresses the limitations of previous research by presenting a novel and innovative approach that utilizes a large dataset incorporating both numerical and categorical features. Unlike previous studies, which often suffer from inadequate data and accuracy, our focus is specifically on brain delivery in vivo testing. Through a systematic analysis of 403 data points, including measurements of brain and plasma area under the curve (AUC) following nanoparticle (NP) administration, we extensively characterized the chemical and physical properties of loaded drugs and NPs as carriers. Utilizing machine learning techniques and comprehensive literature data analysis, we developed accurate models for predicting NP delivery to the brain. Our analysis employed various linear models, with a particular emphasis on the superior performance of linear mixed-effects models. These models demonstrated exceptional accuracy, as indicated by high R2 and adjusted R2 scores, in predicting the delivery of NPs to the brain. This breakthrough provides a valuable tool for guiding the design of nanocarriers in clinical applications, resulting in reduced experimental costs and the mitigation of unintended biological outcomes. To validate our models, we synthesised and administered two distinct NP formulations via intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) routes, further substantiating the efficacy of our proposed models. Among the various modeling approaches, linear mixed-effects models exhibited superior performance in capturing underlying patterns.
Neuroanatomical Changes and Visual Cognition in a Teenager with Cerebral Infarction – A Familial Case Study of POEMS Syndrome
Authors: Afshangian Fazlallah , Wellington Jack , Ilkhanipoor Homa , Akgul Erol , Batista Larissa Paixao , Montemurro Nicola , Bozkurt Ismail , Aydin Levent 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Symptoms of cognitive and motor impairments are the most important factors when considering children with cerebral infarction and polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, myeloma protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome.
Purpose
What factors are important between POEMS Syndrome and ischemic stroke? Are there novel diagnostics for reducing stroke incidence in POEMS Syndrome?
Method
An observational study comprised 100 patients without CT or MRI and 340 multilingual participants with CT and MRI. All relevant behavior and demographic information were recorded. Per the familial history of POEMS Syndrome, we selected one teenager with cerebral infarction and visual cognition.
Result
A few studies have used a representative sample of children with cerebral disorders in which all patients were investigated separately. Occasionally, severe motor impairment in children is often suggested but not investigated, while cognitive impairment was evident among this populace. Thus, it is advised and required to conduct long-term neuropsychological studies that consider not just interventional studies but also very young cohorts with severe speech and movement disorders alongside visual cognitive issues as failure in the evaluation may overestimate the prevalence of mental disorder.
Conclusion
The endocrine system's role in neurocognition and neuroplasticity behavior is distinct. Clinical educators must maintain the multifaceted interplay between gender, hormones, dosage, exposure time, and brain structure. These complex implications are moving the field of neuroendocrinology with exciting new concepts.
Polarons and bipolarons in a two-dimensional square lattice
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Domínguez-Castro G. A. , Julku Aleksi , Camacho Guardian Arturo , Bruun Georg M. 
Published: June 2023

Quasiparticles and their interactions are a key part of our understanding of quantum many-body systems. Quantum simulation experiments with cold atoms have in recent years advanced our understanding of isolated quasiparticles, but so far they have provided limited information regarding their interactions and possible bound states. Here, we show how exploring mobile impurities immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a two-dimensional lattice can address this problem. First, the spectral properties of individual impurities are examined, and in addition to the attractive and repulsive polarons known from continuum gases, we identify a new kind of quasiparticle stable for repulsive boson-impurity interactions. The spatial properties of polarons are calculated showing that there is an increased density of bosons at the site of the impurity both for repulsive and attractive interactions. We then derive an effective Schrödinger equation describing two polarons interacting via the exchange of density oscillations in the BEC, which takes into account strong impurity-boson two-body correlations. Using this, we show that the attractive nature of the effective interaction between two polarons combined with the two-dimensionality of the lattice leads to the formation of bound states - i.e. bipolarons. The wave functions of the bipolarons are examined showing that the ground state is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore relevant for bosonic impurities, whereas the first excited state is doubly degenerate and odd under particle exchange making it relevant for fermionic impurities. Our results show that quantum gas microscopy in optical lattices is a promising platform to explore the spatial properties of polarons as well as to finally observe the elusive bipolarons.