bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Disclosures in Fulfilling Stakeholders’ Information Needs: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Gangadharan Vismaya , Padmakumari Lakshmi , Balasubramaniam Vijayalakshmi C. 
Published: February 2025

The main objective of any capital market regulatory system is to improve information transparency. Corporate disclosures, which include both financial and narrative information, are the most reliable sources for this purpose. Clear presentation of such information helps reduce information asymmetry. This study examines the themes in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) sections of annual reports for financial sector companies in 2017–2018 and compares them with the Jenkins report (1991) recommendations to improve nonfinancial disclosures. The study investigates whether these themes meet users’ information requirements and finds that the MD&A sections often fail to provide the necessary forward-looking information and management analysis of firm and segment performance. Additionally, the readability of the reports does not significantly enhance the fulfillment of users’ information needs. The study also explores whether the themes in the MD&A differ based on firm performance and finds a positive relationship between the disclosure of business descriptions, financial information, management and shareholder information, and firm value. Given these unmet information needs, the research highlights the importance of establishing a governance system to ensure the quality of corporate disclosures. JEL Codes: G14, G2, G34
Comparison Between Bispectral Index and Minimum Alveolar Concentration as Monitors for Depth of Anaesthesia and Recovery Profile Using Desflurane for General Anaesthesia
Authors: Kaur Guneet , Kaur Jasmeet , Kour Arvinpreet , Singh Akashdeep , Adlakha Preeti 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: To enhance recovery, we can use short acting agents and monitor depth of anaesthesia. Desflurane is less soluble in blood and has good emergence characteristics. Traditionally, MAC was used to assess the depth of anaesthesia and to aid in recovery from anaesthesia. Recently, Bispectral index (BIS) monitor has gained popularity for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims to compare the efficacy of BIS and corrected MAC as monitors for the depth of anaesthesia and the recovery profile of patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia Patients and Methods A prospective randomised comparative double blinded study was conducted. Sixty patients in the age group of 18–65 years were scheduled for mastectomy surgery under general anaesthesia with ASA grade 1 and 2 were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups. Group B: Desflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain a BIS value of 45–55. Group M: Desflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain a target age-corrected MAC of 0.8–1.3 Observations and Results: Patients monitored with BIS had faster awakening and less consumption of desflurane. Conclusion: With the use of BIS monitor, there is less anaesthetic gas consumption and early recovery from anaesthesia, which makes it a superior choice for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia.
Effects of Physical Therapy on Ankle Proprioception and Postural Control in People with Parkinson’s: A Semi-experimental Clinical Trial
Authors: Taheri Mahrokh , Ashtiani Mohammed N 
Published: February 2025

Background Proprioceptive sensory integration is impaired in people with Parkinson's (PwP), affecting control of the posture. Objective The goal of this study was to examine the effects of proprioceptive exercises on improvement of the ankle proprioception acuity, functional mobility, postural control, and quality of life of PwP. Methods Sixteen PwP participated in this semi-experimental clinical trial to receive proprioceptive exercises over 10 weeks. Ankle kinesthesia and repositioning acuity, four square step test, center of pressure-related balance metrics, and PDQ-39 questionnaire were measured. Results Ankle kinesthesia in plantarflexion is improved after the exercises (p = 0.033). Four square step test time was significantly decreased (∼780 ms) after proprioceptive exercises (p = 0.008). Significant decreases in closed eyes postural metrics of the center of pressure's maximum excursion (p = 0.008), maximum velocity (p = 0.035), total mean velocity (p = 0.004), range (p = 0.002), and variability (p = 0.002) indicated reduced instabilities. Significant correlations between the proprioception and postural metrics in closed eyes standing before the exercises were vanished to corroborate the role of improved proprioception in boosted postural control. PDQ-39 scores was also significantly decreased after the exercises (p = 0.021). Conclusions Proprioceptive exercises over 10 weeks improved proprioception in people with Parkinson's that caused reduced postural instabilities and consequently increased their quality of life.
The Upside of ADHD-related Risk-taking: Adolescents With ADHD Report a Higher Likelihood of Engaging in Prosocial Risk-taking Behavior Than Typically Developing Adolescents
Authors: Braams Barbara R. , van Rijn Rebecca , Leijser Tessa , Dekkers Tycho J. 
Published: February 2025

Background: ADHD is highly prevalent in adolescents. ADHD is characterized by heightened impulsive behavior and is often associated with increased risk-taking behavior in adolescence. Previous research has mostly focused on negative aspects of risk-taking behavior. However, recently two other types of risk-taking behavior have been identified: positive and prosocial risk-taking. Objective: Here, we tested whether youth with ADHD are more inclined toward positive and prosocial risk-taking. Methods: We assessed the self-reported likelihood of engaging in negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking in a sample of 50 adolescents with ADHD ( Mage = 16.3, SD = 1.18) and 54 typically developing adolescents ( Mage = 16.9, SD = 0.73). Regardless of group, we found that positive, prosocial, and negative risk-taking behavior were positively correlated, higher risk-taking in one domain was associated with higher levels of risk-taking in another. Results: Crucially, we found that adolescents with ADHD were more likely to engage in prosocial risk-taking behavior compared to typically developing adolescents. We did not find group differences for negative and positive risk-taking behavior. Conclusion: Together, these results show a first indication of the upside of risk-taking in ADHD.
Long-term effect of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia control: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ullah Saif , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Chandran Suriyakala Perumal 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Myopia is a refractive error where distant objects are not clearly seen and appear blurred. Goal of this study was to evaluate long-term effectiveness of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy for children with myopia, which primarily focused on Axial length (AL) and Spherical Equivalent Refraction (SER) as primary endpoints. Methods The research compared outcomes between RLRL treatment with Single Vision Spectacles (SVS) for childhood myopia management. We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using “Myopia” and “ Repeated Low-Level Red Light “. Mean differences (MD) were estimated and the effects of therapies measured. Publication bias and heterogeneity analysis were carried out by Inverted Precision Effect Test-Precision Effect Estimate Standard Error (PET-PEESE) (and subsequent Search Sequential Analysis) and Tau test. Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using Jaffrey Amazing Statistical Package (JASP). Results This meta-analysis comprised 1,714 participants: 824 in RLRL and 890 in SVS group. Pooled effect size for AL reduction was 0.953 ± 0.294, (95% credible interval (CI) 0.775 to 0.980). Pooled effect size for SER reduction was 1.521 ± 0.662 (95% CI 0.102 to 2.736). PET-PEESE analysis revealed no significant publication bias ( p-value 0.407). Random effects models were employed for presence of significant heterogeneity (3.9 and 5.7 for AL; 5.7 for SER), alongside degree of variation (0.828 & 1.665) for Tau (τ), which estimates the between-study variance. Conclusion Long-term observations indicate that RLRL treatment significantly influences myopia management, leading to considerable reductions in both AL and SER. Additional research is essential to investigate potential long-term rebound effects.
Genetic colocalization of cathepsins H, D, and L1 with Alzheimer's disease: Implications for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery
Authors: Dong Yu-Ting , Luo Xiao , Zhang Li-Li , Gong Yi-Meng , Wang Dan , Zhong Dong-Ling , Li Yu-Xi , Ma Xiao-Min , Jin Rong-Jiang , Li Juan 
Published: February 2025

Background Cathepsins, a family of lysosomal proteases, have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis through their involvement in amyloid-β protein precursor processing and neuroinflammation. However, the specific roles of different cathepsins in AD remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations and potential causal relationships between cathepsins and AD, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore their roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Methods A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study data for AD and cathepsins. Genetic variants associated with cathepsin expression were used as instrumental variables. Forward MR assessed the causal effect of cathepsins on AD, while reverse MR explored the impact of AD on cathepsin levels. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared genetic variants between cathepsins and AD. Results Cathepsin H was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD (p = 0.0034, OR = 1.04), with consistent results across multiple MR methods. Colocalization analysis revealed a significant genetic overlap between Cathepsin L1 and AD (PP.H4 = 100%), suggesting a shared genetic basis. Conclusions Cathepsin H may be a potential risk factor for AD, while Cathepsin L1 shows promise as a therapeutic target and biomarker due to its genetic overlap with AD. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which these cathepsins influence AD progression and to assess their therapeutic potential in diverse populations.
Radiographic Characterization of Inferior Vena Cava and Its Reaction Following Filter Placement: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Gong Maofeng , Jiang Rui , Xu Shaorui , Liu Zhengli , Zhao Boxiang , He Xu , Kong Jie , Gu Jianping 
Published: February 2025

Objective: To classify the radiographic characterization of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, as well as to quantitatively describe the dimensional alternations in response to variations in filter placement, using cross-sectional computer tomographic venography (CTV) imaging. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted on eligible patients who underwent CTV of IVC both before and after the placement of spindle-shaped filters, from September 2018 to June 2023. Baseline data, IVC diameter and orientation pre- and post-filter placement, IVC enlargement rate, and related complications were analyzed. Results: A total of 70 eligible patients were included, 52 (74.3%) with type 1 IVC, 11 (15.7%) with type 2, 4 (5.7%) with type 3, 3 (4.3%) with type 4, and none with type 5. An accompanying morphological alteration turned IVC into a quasi-round shape with Lin CCC of 0.870, and orientation was significantly altered after filter placement. In patients with type 1, 3, and 4 IVCs, the mean diameter of the IVC increased almost 1.5-fold in the minor axis (95% confidence intervals [CIs]=−7.77 to −5.83, p<0.001), while only a slight expansion of the major axis to its initial size ( p>0.05). Greater IVC enlargement rate was seen in the diameter of the minor axis than in the major axis (95% CI=40.31 to 65.12, p<0.001). Notably, regional clots around the filter were found in 22 (31.4%) patients. Among them, 14 (20.0%) were located on the anterior or posterior walls of caval minor axis, 5 (7.1%) in the lateral walls, and 3 (4.3%) in the central part of the IVC filter. Patients exhibited a higher incidence of clots on anterior and posterior walls compared to lateral wall (20.0% vs 7.1%, p=0.014). Conclusion: The morphology of IVC shifted toward an approximated as circles after filter placement, with greater diameter changes seen in the minor axis compared to the major axis, where filter-related thrombosis most occurs. Clinical Impact The findings of this study offer insights into the biomechanical interaction between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and spindle-shaped filters, highlighting the anisotropic dimensional changes triggered by filter placement. The pronounced expansion along the minor axis, where filter-related thrombosis was more frequently observed, underscores a previously underrecognized risk factor for post-implantation complications. These results indicate that perioperative optimization of IVC dimensions and vigilant post-placement monitoring are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Comparison of patient-specific implants with standard plates after 3-D-planned corrective osteotomy for distal radial malunions
Authors: Bodmer Elvira , Hug Urs , Liechti Rémy 
Published: February 2025

We compared 3-D-printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) with standard palmar locking plates for radiological accuracy after extra-articular corrective osteotomy for malunited distal radial fractures. Eleven patients were operated on with a PSI. Additionally, a plastic printed model of each patient was operated on with a standard plate in vitro. Three months postoperatively, radial alignment in patients and models was compared with the preoperative ideal planning using CT scans. Patients with PSIs showed smaller rotational deviations (median 7°) compared with standard plate models (9°). Deviations in the direction of translation, radial inclination, palmar tilt, radial height and ulnar variance were also smaller or similar with the PSI compared with the standard plates. The preoperative grip strength with a median of 8 kg and a Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score of 44 improved to 23 kg and 3 points, respectively, at a median follow-up of 13.5 months. Our results indicate superior radial alignment after PSI compared with standard plates, but the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be investigated. Level of evidence: IV
Outcomes of proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with the MatOrtho prosthesis after a minimum of 10 years
Authors: Sigamoney Kohila Vani , Shields David W. , Gillott Elizabeth , Boland Katy , Ricks Matthew , Talwalkar Sumedh , Trail Ian 
Published: February 2025

This is a prospective case review on 100 MatOrtho proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties in 50 patients with previously published 2-year outcomes. We report the outcomes at a minimum of 10-years’ follow-up. Sixty-three implants in 29 patients were available for analysis. The visual analogue scale score for pain revealed a significant improvement of pain at 10 years (mean 0.7, SD 1.3) compared with preoperatively (mean 4.3, SD 0.8) and at 2 years (mean 1.1, SD 1.8). There was no statistically significant improvement at 10 years compared with preoperatively in the mean grip strength (10, SD 6.7), range of motion (27°, SD 20.1,), patient evaluation measure score (43, SD 22), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (38, SD 23) and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (65, SD 9,), but all patients remained satisfied with the surgery. Survivorship was 82% at 10 years. We conclude that this implant is suitable to use mainly for pain relief. Level of Evidence: IV
Introducing a new device for direct in-scope suction technique during flexible ureteroscopy for kidney stone disease: an EAU Section of Endourology prospective multicenter audit using the GLITZ system
Authors: Gauhar Vineet , Traxer Olivier , Kandarthanda Nanjappa Madappa , Somani Bhaskar K. , Castellani Daniele , Sabnis Ravindra B , Ragoori Deepak 
Published: February 2025

Background: The direct in-scope suction (DISS) involves a two-way adaptor mounted on a scope to aspirate and irrigate the pelvicalyceal system during flexible ureteroscopy. While integrated suction single-use scopes manage small dust particles effectively, they cannot remove particles >250 µm and are limited by single use. Objectives: To evaluate perioperative outcomes of the GLITZ system, a lightweight suction accessory for flexible ureteroscopes, facilitating laser lithotripsy with integrated aspiration. Design: Prospective, multicenter study. Methods: The GLITZ system, a 100 g trigger mounted on the ureteroscope handle, integrates with an irrigation and aspiration apparatus featuring a flow-regulating sensor. A finger-trigger activates suction, stopping irrigation until released, enhancing visibility and safety by automatically stopping irrigation if blockages occur. The study involved 29 patients (November 2023–April 2024). Procedures were performed using a disposable 7.5 Fr ureteroscope, ureteral access sheath, and thulium fiber or 100 W holmium:YAG laser. Surgeons evaluated ease of use and performance. Stone-free status was evaluated at a 30-day CT scan and classified as follows: Grade A: zero RF; Grade B: single RF not up 2 mm; Grade C: single RF 2.1–4 mm; and Grade D: single/multiple RFs > 4 mm. Data are reported as median and (interquartile range). Results: A total of 31.1% of patients were female. The median age was 54 years. Pain was the most common complaint, and 41.8% had multiple stones. GLITZ system showed satisfactory performance in 93.1% of cases, with complete dust aspiration achieved in 62.1%. Device dislodgement occurred in 24.1% of cases. Median operative time was 40 min, achieving postoperative CT at 30 days confirmed Grade A stone-free status in 75.9%. Fever was the most common complication (10.3%), with no sepsis case. Conclusion: The GLITZ system in DISS shows effectiveness with a 96.6% stone-free rate (Grade A + B) at 30 days, indicating strong potential for flexible ureteroscopy, though additional studies are needed to optimize flow rates and usability.
Does High-Speed Rail Promote Residents’ Subjective Well-Being? Evidence From China
Authors: Wang Yunmin , Dong Jie , Wang Jingjing 
Published: February 2025

Although the impact of high-speed railway (HSR) on economic development has received extensive attention, few studies explore how HSR influences individuals’ daily life. Using the pooled cross-section data from China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS), we examine the relationship between HSR services and subjective well-being (SWB). The baseline result indicates that HSR project bring a significant and positive improvement on individuals’ SWB in the cities it serves. Evidence from a variety of identification strategies suggests that the relationship is robust. Mechanism analysis shows that HSR services increase residents’ SWB by improving household income, inducing tourism, and promoting health status. Moreover, our evidence finds urban residents, young residents, and high-income residents benefit more from HSR services. Our study reveals the potential value of HSR services from the perspective of SWB, which is growingly concerned in the policymakers concerning route planning and cost-benefit analysis of HSR projects. JEL Classification: I15, I31, R21, R40, R42, Z32
Cephalomedullary Nail Fixation for Prophylactic Treatment of Incomplete Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in Athletes
Authors: McMellen Christopher J. , Sinkler Margaret A. , Winter Ethan , Fanaeian Elika , Strony John T. , Williams Austin D. , Wetzel Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

Background: The traditional management of femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs)—such as cannulated screw fixation—requires a period of protected weightbearing and does not provide fixed angle stability. Purpose: To report the technique and outcomes of a single surgeon's case series of prophylactic fixation of incomplete FNSFs using cephalomedullary nailing (CMN) followed by immediate weightbearing. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review of 17 FNSFs treated using CMN by a single surgeon over 7 years was conducted. descriptive, injury, and treatment-related data were collected. Perioperative complications and recovery courses were included for each case. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment details, and follow-up outcomes of the study population. Results: There were no perioperative complications across the 17 injuries. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 67 mL (range, 20-150 mL). In all 17 cases, immediate full weightbearing was recommended. All patients were able to initiate a return to running by 6 weeks postoperatively. Time until completion of narcotic use was noted for 15 cases, with narcotic medications no longer required at 2 weeks for 12 injuries (71%), at 6 weeks for 2 injuries (12%), and at 3 months for 1 injury (5.9%). Patients had a mean of 12.4 months of follow-up (range, 6-48 months). At the final follow-up, 5 cases (29%) had persistent pain—1 from gluteus medius tendinosis and 4 from painful distal interlocking screws. Two patients underwent the removal of symptomatic hardware. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that prophylactic fixation of FNSFs with CMN in endurance athletes is a safe and effective construct that permits early return to baseline impact activity because of the inherent stability of the construct, with a favorable complication profile—although with a 30% rate of persistent pain from the surgical site.
Systematic Video Analysis of ACL Injuries in Male Professional English Soccer Players: A Study of 124 Cases
Authors: Della Villa Francesco , Stride Matthew , Bortolami Antonio , Williams Andy , Davison Michael , Buckthorpe Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Background: Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury will support the design of effective injury risk mitigation programs. A few video analyses have been published in recent years, but not specifically involving English soccer. Purpose: To describe the mechanisms, situational patterns, and biomechanics (kinematics) of ACL injuries of players involved in matches involving teams in the top 2 tiers of professional English soccer (the Premier League and the Championship). Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We identified 148 consecutive ACL injuries across 11 seasons of professional English soccer. Overall, 124 (84%) injury videos were analyzed for mechanism and situational patterns, while biomechanical analysis was possible in 91 injuries. Three independent reviewers evaluated each video. ACL injury epidemiology (month, timing within the match, and location on the playing field at the time of injury) was also reported. Results: More injuries occurred in defensive (n = 79; 64%) than offensive (n = 45; 36%) playing situations; 24 (19%) injuries were direct contact, 52 (42%) indirect contact, and 47 (38%) noncontact. Of the indirect and non-contact ACL injuries (n = 100), most (91%) occurred during 4 main situational patterns: (1) pressing/tackling (n = 50; 50%); (2) being tackled (n = 18; 18%), (3) landing from a jump (n = 13; 13%), and (4) regaining balance after kicking (n = 10; 10%). These injuries generally involved a knee flexion strategy (with minimal hip/trunk flexion and reduced plantarflexion) in the sagittal plane and appearance of knee valgus in most cases (70%; 96% of identifiable cases). More (n = 71; 57%) injuries occurred in the first half of matches than in the second half ( P < .01). Conclusion: Indirect contact rather than noncontact was the main ACL injury mechanism in male elite English soccer players. Four main situational patterns were described, with pressing/tackling and being tackled accounting for two-thirds of all indirect and noncontact injuries. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism, with knee loading patterning in the sagittal plane accompanied with dynamic valgus. More injuries occurred in the first half of matches.