bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary risk of donated food at an Australian food bank: an audit protocol
Authors: Mossenson Sharonna , Giglia Roslyn , Pulker Claire E. , Chester Miranda , Pollard Christina M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sufficient, safe and nutritious food is unattainable for many people experiencing severe food insecurity, putting them at dietary risk. Food banks, a growing part of the charitable food system (CFS), are the main source of food relief in developed countries. Donations of surplus, unsalable food from supermarkets, producers and manufacturers is the main source of the food supply, and this can be unpredictable, insufficient and inappropriate. The universal performance indicator of food-banking success is a weight-based measure, complemented by various initiatives to track the nutritional quality of food provided. There is currently no method that assesses the dietary risk of donated food related to nutrition and food safety. This protocol describes a method developed to identify and assess the dietary risk of donated food at an Australian food bank including the type, amount, nutrition quality, and food safety.

Methods
An audit of all food donated to a food bank servicing one Australian state was conducted over five consecutive days in May 2022. The audit process used a mobile device to take photographs of all incoming deliveries to the food bank. The images were manually annotated to document the type of food, product information (brand and product name, variety), the donor’s name, weight (kilograms), and date-marking details. Data was extracted from the photographs and assessed against pre-determined dietary risk criterion for food safety (date marking, damaged packaging, visible food spoilage) and nutrition quality according to the principles of the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, and the NOVA classification of level of processing.

Discussion
Fifteen hundred images were required to assess the dietary risk of 86,050 kg of donated food. There were 72 separate donations, largely from supermarkets and food manufacturers. Data analysis will enable identification of dietary risk, particularly for nutrition quality and food safety. This is important given the absence of food regulation for CFS donations, and the vulnerability of the client group. This protocol highlights the need for more transparency and accountability from food donors, about the food they donate.
Decision curve analysis: confidence intervals and hypothesis testing for net benefit
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Van Claster Ben , Wynants Laure , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
A number of recent papers have proposed methods to calculate confidence intervals and p values for net benefit used in decision curve analysis. These papers are sparse on the rationale for doing so. We aim to assess the relation between sampling variability, inference, and decision-analytic concepts.

Methods and results
We review the underlying theory of decision analysis. When we are forced into a decision, we should choose the option with the highest expected utility, irrespective of p values or uncertainty. This is in some distinction to traditional hypothesis testing, where a decision such as whether to reject a given hypothesis can be postponed. Application of inference for net benefit would generally be harmful. In particular, insisting that differences in net benefit be statistically significant would dramatically change the criteria by which we consider a prediction model to be of value. We argue instead that uncertainty related to sampling variation for net benefit should be thought of in terms of the value of further research. Decision analysis tells us which decision to make for now, but we may also want to know how much confidence we should have in that decision. If we are insufficiently confident that we are right, further research is warranted.

Conclusion
Null hypothesis testing or simple consideration of confidence intervals are of questionable value for decision curve analysis, and methods such as value of information analysis or approaches to assess the probability of benefit should be considered instead.
Ultra-high-field MRI of postmortem human fetal wrist joints: initial experience
Authors: Josemans Sabine H. , van der Post Anne-Sophie , Strijkers Gustav J. , Dawood Yousif , van den Hoff Maurice J. B. , Jens Sjoerd R. J. , Obdeijn Miryam C. , Oostra Roelof-Jan , Maas Mario 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of postmortem ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) to study fetal musculoskeletal anatomy and explore the contribution of variation in iodine and formaldehyde (paraformaldehyde, PFA) treatment of tissue.

Methods
Seven upper extremities from human fetuses with gestational ages of 19 to 24 weeks were included in this experimental study, approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee. The specimens were treated with various storage (0.2–4% PFA) and staining (Lugol’s solution) protocols and the wrist joint was subsequently imaged with 7.0 T UHF-MRI. Soft-tissue contrast was quantified by determining regions of interest within a chondrified carpal bone (CCB) from the proximal row, the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC), and the pronator quadratus muscle (PQM) and calculating the contrast ratios (CRs) between mean signal intensities of CCB to TFC and CCB to PQM.

Results
UHF-MRI showed excellent soft-tissue contrast in different musculoskeletal tissues. Increasing storage time in 4% PFA, CRs decreased, resulting in a shift from relatively hyperintense to hypointense identification of the CCB. Storage in 0.2% PFA barely influenced the CRs over time. Lugol’s solution caused an increase in CRs and might have even contributed to the inversion of the CRs.

Conclusions
UHF-MRI is a feasible technique to image musculoskeletal structures in fetal upper extremities and most successful after short storage in 4% PFA or prolonged storage in 0.2% PFA. The use of Lugol’s solution is not detrimental on soft-tissue MRI contrast and therefore enables effectively combining UHF-MRI with contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography using a single preparation of the specimen.

Relevance statement
UHF-MRI can be performed after CE-micro-CT to take advantage of both techniques.

Key points
• UHF-MRI is feasible to study human fetal cartilaginous and ligamentous anatomy.
• Storage in low PFA concentrations (i.e., 0.2%) improves soft-tissue contrast in UHF-MRI.
• Limited preservation time in high concentrations of PFA improves soft-tissue contrast in UHF-MRI.
• Prior staining with Lugol’s solution does not reduce soft-tissue contrast in UHF-MRI.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of microwave-assisted vacuum and hot air oven drying methods on quality characteristics of apple pomace powder
Authors: Bhat Iqra Mohiuddin , Wani Shoib Mohmad , Mir Sajad Ahmad , Naseem Zahida 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApple pomace, which makes up 20–30% of all processed apples, is an accessible source of bioactive ingredients that could be used in the food industry. A research of the impact of drying techniques on the quality characteristics of apple pomace powder was carried out to efficiently utilize this waste. The pomace was dried at 50 °C and 60 °C in a vacuum-assisted microwave dryer and an oven dryer, respectively. The different temperatures chosen for the drying of apple pomace were selected based on preliminary tests. Microwave drying resulted in reducing the drying time and improving the physicochemical, functional and morphological properties of the powder. The TPC (Total phenolic content) and AA (antioxidant activity) of pomace powder were found to be considerably influenced by the drying technique. Maximum TPC, DPPH and FRAP values observed for the apple pomace powder dried in the microwave were 5.21 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g, 93 ± 1% and 3.22 ± 0.04 µg/mg, respectively while as in oven drying, the values were 3.14 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g, 89 ± 1% and 2.22 ± 0.02 µg/mg. Microwave drying led to increasing bulk density (0.55 ± 0.01 g/cc), water hydration capacity (3.35 ± 0.09 mL/g), oil binding capacity (0.95 ± 0.04 g/g), solubility index (14.0 ± 0.9%), and emulsion capacity (60.0 ± 1.0%) of the powder. Lower values for bulk density (0.50 ± 0.01 g/cc), water hydration capacity (3.04 ± 0.08 mL/g), oil binding capacity (0.70 ± 0.03 g/g), solubility index (10.0 ± 0.8%), and emulsion capacity (48.0 ± 0.9%) were observed in oven-dried powder. Microwave drying resulted in a more disordered, crystalline and porous structure of apple pomace powder as compared to oven-dried powder as confirmed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and XRD (X-ray diffraction). Microwave-dried powder also had a higher vitamin C content (20.00 ± 0.12 mg/100 mg) than oven-dried powder (12.53 ± 0.08 mg/100 mg). This study may be helpful in the preprocessing of apple pomace for bioconversion processes and extraction of valuable components from apple pomace.
Graphical abstract
The conundrum of metaplastic breast cancer: a single Egyptian institution retrospective 10-year experience (2011–2020)
Authors: Ismail Yahia , Kamal Amr , Allam Rasha , Zakaria Al-Shimaa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Metaplastic breast cancer (MetBC) still represents a conundrum owing to its peculiar histogenesis and molecular drivers that render it extremely resistant to standard chemotherapy with ultimate dismal survival.

Aim
Describe the Egyptian National Cancer Institute’s (NCI-E) experience with MetBC regarding its clinicopathologic features, treatment, and survival outcomes.

Patients and methods
Between 2011 and 2020, all MetBC patients presented to NCI-E were retrospectively evaluated. Original clinicopathologic data, therapeutic modalities, pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), recurrence, and date of last follow-up/death were obtained from archived charts.

Results
A cohort of 135 females, the median age was 52 years, and median follow-up period was 40 months (range: 2.6–130.8). Two-thirds were triple negative (TN). Squamous carcinoma was prevalent in 74.8% followed by carcinoma with osseous/chondroid differentiation, spindle cell, and low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma encountered in 13.3, 7.4, and 4.5%, respectively. Modified radical mastectomy was done in 59.3%, and positive nodes (pN+) were depicted in 37.7%. Median Ki-67 was 45% (range: 10–88); grade III and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were observed in 83.7 and 43.7%, respectively. Stage II was the most common (49%), whereas initial stage IV was encountered in 8.1%. Anthracyclines/taxane combinations were rampant in adjuvant/neoadjuvant settings. The latter was employed in 41 patients, with only 3 cases (7.3%) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR), while moderate/significant residual tumor burden was found in 83%. The 5-year DFS and OS were 56.4 and 57.6%, respectively. Spindle cell carcinoma showed the worst survival parameters in univariate analysis. On the multivariate level, higher tumor stage (pT3 & 4), Ki-67 ≥ 45%, and TN subtype were independent variables for worse DFS and OS; age ≥ 52 years and the presence of LVI were independent features for worse DFS, whereas pN+ was an independent parameter for worse OS.

Conclusions
This study further solidifies the dreadful response of MetBC to conventional chemotherapy regimens employed in common non-metaplastic pathologies. A radical shift in treatment standards tailored to combat the molecular landscape of this distinctive tumor is urgently needed. Immunotherapy and molecularly targeted agents demonstrated promising results in phase I and II trials with hopeful sooner implementation in phase III studies.
A budget impact analysis of cost to implement a whole child health focused, family-based intervention in primary care for children with elevated BMI
Authors: Harris Alexandra , Jordan Neil , Carroll Allison J. , Graham Andrea K. , Wilson Charlton , Wilson Fernando A. , Berkel Cady , Smith Justin D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Although the cost of implementing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is a key determinant of adoption, lack of cost information is widespread. We previously evaluated the cost of preparing to implement Family Check-Up 4 Health (FCU4Health), an individually tailored, evidence-based parenting program that takes a whole child approach, with effects on both behavioral health and health behavior outcomes, in primary care settings. This study estimates the cost of implementation, including preparation.

Methods
We assessed the cost of FCU4Health across the preparation and implementation phases spanning 32 months and 1 week (October 1, 2016–June 13, 2019) in a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study. This family-level randomized controlled trial took place in Arizona with n = 113 predominantly low-income, Latino families with children ages > 5.5 to < 13 years. Using electronic cost capture and time-based activity-driven methods, budget impact analysis from the perspective of a future FCU4Health adopting entity—namely, ambulatory pediatric care clinicians—was used to estimate the cost of implementation. Labor costs were based on 2021 Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics, NIH-directed salary cap levels or known salaries, plus fringe benefits at a standard rate of 30%. Non-labor costs were based on actual amounts spent from receipts and invoices.

Results
The cost of FCU4Health implementation to 113 families was $268,886 ($2380 per family). Actual per family cost varied widely, as individual tailoring resulted in families receiving a range of 1–15 sessions. The estimated cost of replicating implementation for future sites ranged from $37,636-$72,372 ($333–$641 per family). Using our previously reported preparation costs (i.e., $174,489; $1544 per family), with estimated replication costs of $18,524–$21,836 ($164–$193 per family), the total cost of delivering FCU4Health was $443,375 ($3924 per family), with total estimated replication costs of $56,160–$94,208 ($497-$834 per family).

Conclusions
This study provides a baseline for costs associated with implementation of an individually tailored parenting program. Results provide critical information for decision makers and a model for future economic analysis and can be used to inform optimization thresholds for implementation and, when necessary, benchmarks for program adaptation to promote scale-up.

Trial registration
This trial was prospectively registered on January 6, 2017, at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03013309).
A narrative review on bacterial biofilm: its formation, clinical aspects and inhibition strategies
Authors: Vani S. , Vadakkan Kayeen , Mani Bince 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The predominant mode of life of most of the bacteria is their biofilm state. Based on the type of bacteria existing within the biofilm, it might be beneficial or harmful. Its beneficial aspects have been exploited mostly in waste management strategies. These biofilms affected the food industry, dairy industry and oil industry, causing huge losses by food spoilage, reduced heat transfer efficiencies and corrosion caused by biofilms in pipelines. They were considered a crucial risk to human well-being. Biofilms were responsible for more than 75% of the clinical infections caused in humans.

The main body of the abstract
Biofilms are multimicrobial complex structures that are resistant to antibiotics and stressful environments. The biofilm stage may provide various advantages to the bacteria during bacterial infections in human beings. The extracellular polymeric substances hold the bacterial community colonized in the biofilm. The bacteria within the biofilm are more resistant to antibiotics, whereas the planktonic bacteria are susceptible to them. Quorum sensing regulated biofilm formation, which can be manipulated to eradicate devastating effects caused by biofilms. The occurrence of biofilm on the clinical devices leads to the malfunction of the implants and complicates the patients’ health conditions. Biofilms also cause non-device-associated health problems. The major anti-biofilm strategies are the utilization of enzymatic activity and hindrance of quorum sensing. The auto-inducers, which play a major role in quorum sensing, are mimicked by inhibitors. This prevents the binding of auto-inducers to the receptors, eventually leading to blockage of biofilm formation.

Short conclusion
The significant background knowledge regarding the biofilm, its formation, clinical aspects and inhibition strategies has been highlighted in this review. This information dissipated anticipates new applications of plant compounds as an alternative to antibiotics, since they may act as anti-quorum sensing molecules. For instance, inhibitory compounds like Linalool and eugenol from the essential oil of different plants displayed antibiofilm activity against biofilms formed by Streptococcus pyogenes and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Further research is required to exploit the inhibitory properties of the various other bioactive compounds present in plant extract, and thereby, we can protect human beings from several device and non-device-related infections caused by biofilms such as catheter-related bloodstream infections, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, dental caries and periodontitis.
Matrix Matters: novel insights for the extraction, preparation, and quantitation of microplastics in a freshwater mesocosm study
Authors: Hankett Jeanne M. , Holtz Jennifer L. , Walker-Franklin Imari , Shaffer Kathryn , Jourdan Jerome , Batiste Derek C. , Garcia Jessie M. , Kaczan Christine , Wohlleben Wendel , Ferguson Lee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extraction and characterization of secondary microplastics, those formed through subjection to the environment, must continuously improve in accuracy and applicability in order to generate robust microplastics exposure and risk assessments. Currently, there is a dearth of reliable extraction and quantitation methods for solid microplastic particles in sediment with chemical specificity. Herein we present advances in methodologies to extract and quantify microplastic particles from sediment, utilizing an outdoor mesocosm to model a freshwater coastal environment. Model secondary microplastics of crosslinked polyurethane (PU) were studied in comparison to model secondary polypropylene (PP) microplastics. Techniques to characterize particles in sediment included pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py GC/MS), stereoscope microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. To complement particle analysis, plastic-associated leachable molecules were extracted from sediment and analyzed semi-quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HR-MS). After developing and optimizing extraction and analytical methods we quantitated PU microparticles by count and weight and discovered that model PU particles fell from the water column into the sediment over the course of a year, while no PP particles were located in sediment samples. In addition, target small molecules associated with the crosslinked PU were identified in sediment by HPLC/HR-MS but leachable molecules associated with polypropylene could not be identified in sediment samples. We share the new py GC/MS method to quantify highly crosslinked PUs in complex environmental matrices containing both inorganic and organic components. In the process of generating robust extraction methods for microplastics in sediment, we discovered important considerations for the quantitation of microplastics by py GC/MS and the impacts of sample matrix on the quantitation of PU and PP specifically. We provide guidance for the preparation of microplastics from complex environmental matrices (e.g., sediment and soil) for analysis by py GC/MS.
Graphical Abstract
Interpreting the History of Native Custom in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the opportunities and challenges for researching the history of Indigenous custom during a period in which constitutional and legal reform have led to the recognition of customary law as an official framework for local governance and the administration of justice in Oaxaca, Mexico. The article begins by situating Oaxaca’s laws within the context of broader neoliberal reforms in Latin America characterized by the promulgation of multicultural constitutions recognizing the legal jurisdiction and cultural autonomy of Indigenous communities. Some Indigenous intellectuals, activists, and NGOs working in Oaxaca have declared this new administrative arrangement a victory for Indigenous rights to self-determination, arguing that customary law serves as a defensive wall against state and corporate incursions of many kinds. Other local Indigenous scholars have nuanced the custom-law and community-state oppositions, situating customary law—currently referred to as “Indigenous normative systems”—as historical and contested, and in dynamic interplay with relationships of power within and beyond the community. The article’s author considers these debates about custom’s ambiguous meanings and effects and reflects on how the recent context of legal reform nourishes the author’s own scholarship on the colonial period by providing a broad temporal, cultural, and political framework with which to understand its stakes. The author also explores how historians researching Oaxaca’s deep past can meet the interpretive demands of their discipline while being attentive to historical justice and engaging the communities whose ancestors occupy center stage in our histories.
Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress
Authors: Adkins-Jones Amey Victoria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay analyzes Christiaen van Couwenbergh’s The Rape of the Negress (1632). The author argues the image as theological artifact, capturing the emergence of a white colonial gaze and the Dutch state concern of Christian piety as an emerging colonial power. The article reviews the context of the image and the art reception history that resisted naming it an image of rape. The author juxtaposes the painting with a Marian statue hidden and thus saved from the Dutch iconoclasm—now one of the most famous Black Madonnas in Europe—to locate theologically the process of colonial unseeing and the refusal to name Black female flesh as sacred. She rereads these visual artifacts through the question of iconicity, and claim these images as sites of Black feminist fugitivity and resistance.
Writing Letters as Counter-Archiving
Authors: Diallo Oda-Kange Midtvåge , Kelekay Jasmine , Abdullahi Maimuna , Sawyer Lena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Can counter-archiving be a form of social care? This essay is a dialogue on this topic among four Afro-Nordic feminists writing to each other in the form of letters over a five-month period during 2021. Using an explorative and intuitive practice informed by Black feminist thought, the authors dive into the archives of their families and of the communities that they relate to and are part of as a way to communicate how and why they approach counter-archiving. Black diasporic contributions to Nordic histories are widely erased, silenced, and forgotten, both in the past and present, which is why the authors write them into being. The aim of the essay is to communicate some of the specificities of living and negotiating a Black feminist life in the Nordics. The authors also want to inscribe the Nordics into the Black European archive. The following themes are used to organize the dialogue: 1) positionalities and contexts; 2) Multigenerational legacies: silences, gifts, stories, 3) Counter-Archiving (as) mobilization, transformation, refusal, 4) Imagining otherwise: letter writing as a practice of care. Finally, we argue that counter-archiving through letter-writing dialogue can be a pleasurable, caring, and collective form of knowledge creation that transgresses traditional academic forms.