bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival outcomes of stage I colorectal cancer: development and validation of the ACEPLY model using two prospective cohorts
Authors: Wu Qingbin , Chen Pengju , Shu Chi , Chen Lin , Jin Zechuan , Huang Jun , Wang Xin , Li Xue , Wei Mingtian , Yang Tinghan , Deng Xiangbing , Wu Aiwen , He Yazhou , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 10% of stage I colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience unfavorable clinical outcomes after surgery. However, little is known about the subset of stage I patients who are predisposed to high risk of recurrence or death. Previous evidence was limited by small sample sizes and lack of validation.MethodsWe aimed to identify early indicators and develop a risk stratification model to inform prognosis of stage I patients by employing two large prospective cohorts. Prognostic factors for stage II tumors, including T stage, number of nodes examined, preoperative carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion (PNI), and tumor grade were investigated in the discovery cohort, and significant findings were further validated in the other cohort. We adopted disease-free survival (DFS) as the primary outcome for maximum statistical power and recurrence rate and overall survival (OS) as secondary outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazard models, which were subsequently utilized to develop a multivariable model to predict DFS. Predictive performance was assessed in relation to discrimination, calibration and net benefit.ResultsA total of 728 and 413 patients were included for discovery and validation. Overall, 6.7% and 4.1% of the patients developed recurrences during follow-up. We identified consistent significant effects of PNI and higher preoperative CEA on inferior DFS in both the discovery (PNI: HR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.70–10.67,p = 0.002; CEA: HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.13–1.87,p = 0.003) and the validation analysis (PNI: HR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.01–10.89,p = 0.049; CEA: HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.10–2.28,p = 0.014). They were also significantly associated with recurrence rate. Age at diagnosis was a prominent determinant of OS. A prediction model on DFS usingAge at diagnosis,CEA,PNI, and number ofLYmph nodes examined (ACEPLY) showed significant discriminative performance (C-index: 0.69, 95% CI:0.60–0.77) in the external validation cohort. Decision curve analysis demonstrated added clinical benefit of applying the model for risk stratification.ConclusionsPNI and preoperative CEA are useful indicators for inferior survival outcomes of stage I CRC. Identification of stage I patients at high risk of recurrence is feasible using the ACEPLY model, although the predictive performance is yet to be improved.
Individual and neighborhood risk factors of hospital admission and death during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Bell Max , Hergens Maria-Pia , Fors Stefan , Tynelius Per , de Leon Antonio Ponce , Lager Anton 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects minority populations in the USA. Sweden — like other Nordic countries — have less income and wealth inequality but lacks data on the socioeconomic impact on the risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19.

Methods
This population-wide study from March 2020 to March 2022 included all adults in Stockholm, except those in nursing homes or receiving in-home care. Data sources include hospitals, primary care (individual diagnoses), the Swedish National Tax Agency (death dates), the Total Population Register “RTB” (sex, age, birth country), the Household Register (size of household), the Integrated Database For Labor Market Research “LISA” (educational level, income, and occupation), and SmiNet (COVID data). Individual exposures include education, income, type of work and ability to work from home, living area and living conditions as well as the individual country of origin and co-morbidities. Additionally, we have data on the risks associated with living areas. We used a Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression to estimate associations. Area-level covariates were used in a principal component analysis to generate a measurement of neighborhood deprivation. As outcomes, we used hospitalization and death due to COVID-19.

Results
Among the 1,782,125 persons, male sex, comorbidities, higher age, and not being born in Sweden increase the risk of hospitalization and death. So does lower education and lower income, the lowest incomes doubled the risk of death from COVID-19. Area estimates, where the model includes individual risks, show that high population density and a high percentage of foreign-born inhabitants increased the risk of hospitalization.

Conclusions
Segregation and deprivation are public health issues elucidated by COVID-19. Neighborhood deprivation, prevalent in Stockholm, adds to individual risks and is associated with hospitalization and death. This finding is paramount for governments, agencies, and healthcare institutions interested in targeted interventions.
Psychiatric disorders in adolescents living with HIV in Botswana
Authors: Olashore Anthony A. , Paruk Saeeda , Akanni Oluyemi O. , Chiliza Bonginkosi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
As children living with HIV transition from adolescence into adulthood, they face a considerable burden of psychiatric disorders (PDs) which may vary between the perinatally and behaviorally infected. The knowledge of the pattern of these PDs in relation to the varying needs of the adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) is unclear but necessary for maximizing their linkage to care and improving their quality of life in Botswana.

Aim
To determine the pattern of PDs in ALWHIV in Botswana; to compare and explore the differences in the pattern and their associated factors between congenitally infected adolescents (CIAs) and behaviorally infected adolescents (BIAs).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 622 ALWHIV (399 CIA and 223 BIA) with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Kid Screen.

Results
The participants' mean age (SD) was 17.71 (1.60) years, with more males (54%), of whom 52.9% had at least one PD, with depression (23.6%) and generalised anxiety disorder (18.0%) being the most prevalent. The externalising disorders were associated with being CIA (OR = 3.99; 95% CI:1.87–8.54), male gender (OR = 3.93; 95% CI:2.02–7.64), and a viral load of 400 and above copies (OR = 3.53; 95%CI:1.92–6.48). Internalising disorders were associated with being BIA (OR = 3.64; 95%; CI: 2.39–5.56), females (OR = 2.59; 95% CI:1.75–3.83), poor counselling (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.42–3.51) and struggling to accept HIV status (OR = 1.73; 95% CI:1.14–2.62).

Conclusions
Depression and anxiety disorders were the most prevalent PDs in ALWHIV, who differed in psychiatric presentations, the BIAs being more likely to present with internalizing disorders, while the CIAs had more externalizing disorders. Due to the varying needs of ALWHIV, individualized management plans that consider gender, mode of infection, and other psycho-social needs, should be further studied and encouraged.
Posterior malleolus fracture: a mid-term follow-up
Authors: Quan Yuan , Lu Hao , Qi Peng , Tian Songyao , Liu Jiantao , Zhang Chunlong , Zhang Boyu , Xu Hailin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The treatment of posterior malleolar fractures is changing rapidly, and the evidence base is still catching up. This study aimed to assess the mid-term prognosis of posterior malleolar fractures based on different morphological types and provides evidence for the treatment of posterior malleolar fractures.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of inpatients with posterior malleolar fractures from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019 at one high-volume tertiary trauma center. Fracture morphology was classified into small-shell fragment, single-fragment (small-fragment and large-fragment) and multifragment (double-fragment and compressive-fragment) by computed tomography according to our previous study. All patients were followed up at an average of 5.06 (range, 2.21–8.70) years. The Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score were recorded.

Results
Seventy-nine patients were included, and 7 patients were classified into the small-shell group, 52 patients into the single-fragment group and 20 patients into the multifragment group. Of all the patients, the average OMAS, EQ-5D and AOFAS scores were 85.9, 82.8 and 92.5, respectively. In the single-fragment group, patients who underwent surgical fixation in the posterior malleolus had significantly better scores (P = 0.037, 0.033 and 0.027). Among the patients with small fragments, the surgical fixation group also had higher OMAS (93.1 ± 7.5 vs. 83.5 ± 19.5, P = 0.042) and AOFAS scores (98.1 ± 3.1 vs. 91.0 ± 14.1, P = 0.028). The mean OMAS, EQ-5D and AOFAS scores were 85.5, 85.7 and 91.7, respectively, in patients with multiple fragments who underwent surgical fixation.

Conclusion
This study shows that in fractures with a single fragment, surgical fixation of the posterior malleolar fragment led to a better prognosis in the midterm. All single fragments should be fixed regardless of size. Fixation of the posterior region in all single- and multi-fragments in posterior malleolar fractures led to satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence
Level III, follow-up study.
Robotic guidance for percutaneous placement of triangular osteosynthesis in vertically unstable sacrum fractures: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Liu Zhao-Jie , Gu Ya , Jia Jian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of robot-aided percutaneous triangular osteosynthesis combined with close reduction for vertically unstable sacrum fractures (VUSFs).

Methods
The data on 21 patients of the VUSF were retrospectively analyzed from November 2016 to January 2021. According to Denis classification, there were 3 cases in zone I, 11 cases in zone II, and 7 case in zone III. The main perioperative indicators were recorded. The maximal angulation and displacement deviations of the screws were analyzed by comparing the planned trajectory with the actual position. Postoperative X-ray radiographs and CT scans were obtained for evaluating the reduction quality. Functional outcome was scored with Majeed criterion.

Results
Fourteen patients of the unilateral VUSF and 7 patients of the bilateral VUSF underwent unilateral and bilateral triangular osteosynthesis with robotic assistance, respectively. No intraoperative neurovascular injuries and postoperative infection occurred. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The average operation time of posterior pelvic ring was 111.4 min, with the mean intraoperative bleeding of 110.5 ml. A total of 58 pedicle and iliosacral screws were implanted with robotic assistance. Of those, 52 screws were in the cancellous bone except 4 pedicle and 2 iliosacral screws cutting the cortical bone. The angulation and displacement deviations of the screws were 4.2° ± 2.5° and 1.7 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The average displacement of the sacral fracture was reduced from 19.7 mm preoperatively to 3.1 mm postoperatively. According to Matta’s criterion, the reduction quality was graded as “excellent” in 13 patients and “good” in 8. All sacral fractures healed within 6 months except one fracture with nonunion. The mean Majeed score at the last follow-up was 89.6.

Conclusions
Robot-aided triangular osteosynthesis combined with close reduction provide a safe and reliable option for percutaneous treatment of the fresh VUSF, with a high accuracy of iliosacral and pedicle screw implantation except insertion of iliac screws. Meanwhile, the technique may help to reduce incision-related complications.
Clinical development innovation in rare diseases: overcoming barriers to successful delivery of a randomised clinical trial in alkaptonuria—a mini-review
Authors: Ranganath L. R. , Sireau Nick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlkaptonuria is a rare inherited disorder for which there was no disease-modifying treatment. In order to develop a successful approved therapy of AKU multiple barriers had to be overcome. These included activities before the conduct of the study including deciding on the drug therapy, the dose of the drug to be used, clarify the nature of the disease, develop outcome measures likely to yield a positive outcome, have a strategy to ensure appropriate patient participation through identification, build a consortium of investigators, obtain regulatory approval for proposed investigation plan and secure funding. Significant barriers were overcome during the conduct of the multicentre study to ensure harmonisation. Mechanisms were put in place to recruit and retain patients in the study. Barriers to patient access following completion of the study and regulatory approval were resolved.
Mapping global evidence on public-private partnership for medical rehabilitation services delivery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mazibuko Senzelwe , Nadasan Thayananthee , Govender Pragashnie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Access to medical rehabilitation remains poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is partly due to inadequate service delivery emanating from ill-defined public health policies. Developed countries have adopted public-private partnership (PPP) agreements between the government and private sectors, thus presenting superior quality and access to rehabilitation services. To help develop a PPP model for physiotherapy service delivery in South Africa, this scoping review will map research linked to PPP for medical rehabilitation services delivery and outcomes in the global context.

Methodology
The Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework (identify the research question, identify relevant research, select studies, chart the data, collate, summarize, and report findings) will be used to guide this review. Peer-reviewed literature will be searched in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane library, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from 2000-2022 using a combination of keywords, Medical Subject Headings, and Boolean terms. Screening of the articles at all stages will be conducted independently by two reviewers using the eligibility criteria as a guide. The reference lists of retrieved articles will be manually searched for relevant studies. Emerging themes and sub-themes will be collated, summarized, and the results reported in the narrative form.

Discussion
We anticipate identifying literature gaps for future research to inform policy on PPP for rehabilitation services delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa and actual practice. The results of this review will contribute to building a model that will enable the provision of equitable rehabilitation services at the district health level using PPP.
Genetic screening of a Chinese cohort of children with hearing loss using a next-generation sequencing panel
Authors: Ma Jing , Ma Xiuli , Lin Ken , Huang Rui , Bi Xianyun , Ming Cheng , Li Li , Li Xia , Li Guo , Zhao Liping , Yang Tao , Gao Yingqin , Zhang Tiesong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
At present, the hereditary hearing loss homepage, (https://hereditaryhearingloss.org/), includes 258 deafness genes and more than 500 genes that have been reported to cause deafness. With few exceptions, the region-specific distributions are unclear for many of the identified variants and genes.

Methods
Here, we used a custom capture panel to perform targeted sequencing of 518 genes in a cohort of 879 deaf Chinese probands who lived in Yunnan. Mutation sites of the parents were performed by high-throughput sequencing and validated by Sanger sequencing.

Results
The ratio of male to female patients was close to 1:1 (441:438) and the age of onset was mainly under six. Most patients (93.5%) were diagnosed with moderate to severe deafness. Four hundred and twenty-eight patients had variants in a deafness gene, with a detection rate of 48.7%. Pathogenic variants were detected in 98 genes and a number of these were recurrent within the cohort. However, many of the variants were rarely observed in the cohort. In accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, pathogenic, likely pathogenic and variants of uncertain significance accounted for 34.3%, 19.3% and 46.4% of all detected variants, respectively. The most common genes included GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, MYO7A, TMC1, CDH23, USH2A and WFS1, which contained variants in more than ten cases. The two genes with the highest mutation frequency were GJB2 and SLC26A4, which accounted for 28.5% (122/428) of positive patients. We showed that more than 60.3% of coding variants were rare and novel. Of the variants that we detected, 80.0% were in coding regions, 17.9% were in introns and 2.1% were copy number variants.

Conclusion
The common mutation genes and loci detected in this study were different from those detected in other regions or ethnic groups, which suggested that genetic screening or testing programs for deafness should be formulated in accordance with the genetic characteristics of the region.
Influence of malnutrition and body composition on the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy in Kano, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Badaru Umaru Muhammad , Umar Abdulrahman Liman , Abdullahi Auwal , Usman Jibrin Sammani , Ogwumike Omoyemi Olubunmi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition is common among children with cerebral palsy (CWCP); however, its impact on gross motor function (GMF) is not adequately reported. The study evaluated the influence of malnutrition and body composition on GMF.

Methods
In the cross-sectional survey, CWCP were recruited using purposive sampling from three selected secondary and tertiary hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Sociodemographic variables were recorded on a data capture form. Anthropometric variables were measured using standard procedures. Percent (%) body fat, malnutrition, and GMF were assessed using skinfold thickness, screening tool for the assessment of malnutrition in pediatrics, and GMF classification system (GMFCS), respectively. The data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, chi-square, and logistic regression using SPSS version 20 at p < 0.05.

Results
The 146 CWCP have mean age of 4.70 ± 2.46 years. About 95 (65.1%) are malnourished. Those with GMFCS V had lower %body fat and higher malnutrition than children with GMFCS II and I, respectively (p < 0.05). Malnutrition has no significant influence on GMF (B = 0.984, OR = 2.676; 95% CI = 0.965–7.423, p > 0.05). %body fat (B = −0.192, OR = 0.826; 95% CI = 0.687–0.992, p < 0.05), type of CP (OR = 12.106; 95% CI = 3.771–38.866, p < 0.005), child’s position in the family (OR = 1.639; 95% CI = 1.162–2.312, p < 0.05), and mothers’ education (B = −2.815, OR = 0.060; 95% CI = 0.012–0.309, p < 0.005) all predicted GMF.

Conclusions
Majority of the CWCP in this study are malnourished. But malnutrition did not however significantly predict GMF, meaning that though malnutrition could impair children’s physical growth and motor development, it however did not have significant influence on their motor function. Hence, CWCP undergoing rehabilitation may not likely experience significant decrease in their motor function due to inadequate nutrition. Decrease in body fat, type of CP, low level of mothers’ education, and child occupying 4th or more position in the family have negative influence on GMF. It was recommended that physiotherapists should routinely assess for malnutrition in CWCP. Prompt nutritional intervention may prevent considerable lose of body fat and augment the gains of physical rehabilitation by providing appropriate nutrition to support muscle growth and the supply of adequate energy for participation in physical exercise. Adequate caregiver education is important for ensuring satisfactory nutrition for CWCP.
Reputation evaluation and its impact on the human cooperation—A recent survey
Authors: Wang Juan , Xia Chengyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this survey, we briefly review some recent advances in the field of indirect reciprocity and reputation mechanism along the routes of theoretical modeling and behavior experiments. Firstly, various game models with reputation evaluation are proposed, and large quantities of numerical simulations demonstrate that introducing the reputation evaluation drastically enhances the level of collective cooperation within the population. In particular, the so-called leading eight rules are found to be evolutionarily stable strategies. Secondly, through extensive human experiments played in the laboratory or via the online labor market, it is validated that providing enough information on the individual strategy or reputation status will help players to select the cooperative partners or perform the rational decision, which eventually facilitates the evolution of cooperation, but some experiments also indicate that allowing the link rewiring may dominate the human cooperation. Finally, several potential and valuable directions are pointed out so as to further explore how the cooperation evolves within the real-world population.
Fluctuation-dissipation in thermoelectric sensors
Authors: Tran N. A. M. , Dutt A. S. , Pulumati N. B. , Reith H. , Hu A. , Dumont A. , Nielsch K. , Tremblay A.-M. S. , Schierning G. , Reulet B. , Szkopek T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermoelectric materials exhibit correlated transport of charge and heat. The Johnson-Nyquist noise formula 4k

B

T
R for the spectral density of voltage fluctuations accounts for fluctuations associated solely with Ohmic dissipation. Applying the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we generalize the Johnson-Nyquist formula for thermoelectrics, finding an enhanced voltage fluctuation spectral density 4k

B

T
R(1 + Z

D

T) at frequencies below a thermal cut-off frequency f

T
, where Z

D

T is the dimensionless thermoelectric device figure of merit. The origin of the enhancement in voltage noise is thermoelectric coupling of temperature fluctuations. We use a wideband

, integrated thermoelectric micro-device to experimentally confirm our findings. Measuring the Z

D

T enhanced voltage noise, we experimentally resolve temperature fluctuations with a root mean square amplitude of

at a mean temperature of 295 K. We find that thermoelectric devices can be used for thermometry with sufficient resolution to measure the fundamental temperature fluctuations described by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
Energetics of a self-gravitating quantum system of charged particles
Authors: Lotte Baljeet Kaur , Mishra Subodha , Mahapatra Prasanta Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Extending our model of Newtonian Quantum Gravity (NQG) in a self-gravitating system (Lotte B. K. and Mishra S., Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 35 (2020) 2050081), we study here the energetics of a charged self-gravitating quantum many-particle system. The model is based on the use of the uncertainty principle and the incorporation of necessary relativistic corrections. From the resulting ground state energy we have derived the effective radius of the system of charged particles, after it gets collapsed under its own gravity. Additional results like the Hawking temperature and the Buchdahl-Andréasson (BA) limit for this system are also explored. We further show a possible link of this collapsed system of self-gravitating charge particles, with the notion of a charged black hole.