bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness, use and understanding of nutrition labels among children and youth from six countries: findings from the 2019 – 2020 International Food Policy Study
Authors: Hammond David , Acton Rachel B. , Rynard Vicki L. , White Christine M. , Vanderlee Lana , Bhawra Jasmin , Reyes Marcela , Jáuregui Alejandra , Adams Jean , Roberto Christina A. , Sacks Gary , Thrasher James F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Nutrition facts tables (NFTs) on pre-packaged foods are widely used but poorly understood by consumers. Several countries have implemented front-of-package labels (FOPLs) that provide simpler, easier to use nutrition information. In October 2020, Mexico revised its FOPL regulations to replace industry-based Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) FOPLs with ‘Warning’ FOPLs, which display stop signs on foods high in nutrients of concern, such as sugar and sodium. This study examined self-reported awareness, use, and understanding of NFTs and FOPLs among young people in six countries with different FOPLs, with an additional focus on changes before and after implementation of Mexico’s FOPL warning policy.

Methods
A ‘natural experiment’ was conducted using ‘pre-post’ national surveys in Mexico and five separate comparison countries: countries with no FOPL policy (Canada and the US), countries with voluntary FOPL policies (Traffic Lights in the UK and Health Star Ratings in Australia), and one country (Chile) with mandatory FOPL ‘warnings' (like Mexico). Population-based surveys were conducted with 10 to 17-year-olds in 2019 (n = 10,823) and in 2020 (n = 11,713). Logistic regressions examined within- and between-countries changes in self-reported awareness, use, and understanding of NFTs and FOPLs.

Results
Across countries, half to three quarters of respondents reported seeing NFTs ‘often’ or ‘all the time’, approximately one quarter reported using NFTs when deciding what to eat or buy, and one third reported NFTs were ‘easy to understand’, with few changes between 2019 and 2020. In 2020, awareness, use and self-reported understanding of the Warning FOPLs in Mexico were higher than for NFTs in all countries, and compared with GDA FOPLs in Mexico (p < .001). Mandated Warning FOPLs in Mexico and Chile had substantially higher levels of awareness, use, and understanding than the voluntary Traffic Lights in the UK and Health Star Ratings in Australia (p < .001 for all).

Conclusions
Mandated easy-to-understand FOPLs are associated with substantially greater levels of self-reported awareness, use and understanding at the population-level compared to NFT and GDA-based labeling systems.
Can vibrotactile stimulation and tDCS help inefficient BCI users?
Authors: Won Kyungho , Kim Heegyu , Gwon Daeun , Ahn Minkyu , Nam Chang S. , Jun Sung Chan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrain-computer interface (BCI) has helped people by allowing them to control a computer or machine through brain activity without actual body movement. Despite this advantage, BCI cannot be used widely because some people cannot achieve controllable performance. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed stimulation methods to modulate relevant brain activity to improve BCI performance. However, multiple studies have reported mixed results following stimulation, and the comparative study of different stimulation modalities has been overlooked. Accordingly, this study was designed to compare vibrotactile stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation’s (tDCS) effects on brain activity modulation and motor imagery BCI performance among inefficient BCI users. We recruited 44 subjects and divided them into sham, vibrotactile stimulation, and tDCS groups, and low performers were selected from each stimulation group. We found that the latter’s BCI performance in the vibrotactile stimulation group increased significantly by 9.13% (p < 0.01), and while the tDCS group subjects’ performance increased by 5.13%, it was not significant. In contrast, sham group subjects showed no increased performance. In addition to BCI performance, pre-stimulus alpha band power and the phase locking values (PLVs) averaged over sensory motor areas showed significant increases in low performers following stimulation in the vibrotactile stimulation and tDCS groups, while sham stimulation group subjects and high performers showed no significant stimulation effects across all groups. Our findings suggest that stimulation effects may differ depending upon BCI efficiency, and inefficient BCI users have greater plasticity than efficient BCI users.
Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of gI/gE/TK-gene-deleted Felid herpesvirus 1 variants in cats
Authors: Tang Aoxing , Zhu Meng , Zhu Jie , Zhang Da , Zhu Shiqiang , Wang Xiao , Meng Chunchun , Li Chuangfeng , Liu Guangqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a major pathogenic agent of upper respiratory tract infections and eye damage in felines worldwide. Current FHV-1 vaccines offer limited protection of short duration, and therefore, do not reduce the development of clinical signs or the latency of FHV-1.

Methods
To address these shortcomings, we constructed FHV ∆gIgE-eGFP, FHV ∆TK mCherry, and FHV ∆gIgE/TK eGFP-mCherry deletion mutants (ΔgI/gE, ΔTK, and ΔgIgE/TK, respectively) using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISP-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system (CRISPR/Cas9), which showed safety and immunogenicity in vitro. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the deletion mutants administered with intranasal (IN) and IN + subcutaneous (SC) vaccination protocols. Cats in the vaccination group were vaccinated twice at a 4-week interval, and all cats were challenged with infection 3 weeks after the last vaccination. The cats were assessed for clinical signs, nasal shedding, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VN), and with postmortem histological testing.

Results
Vaccination with the gI/gE-deleted and gI/gE/TK-deleted mutants was safe and resulted in significantly lower clinical disease scores, fewer pathological changes, and less nasal virus shedding after infection. All three mutants induced virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates the advantages of FHV-1 deletion mutants in preventing FHV-1 infection in cats.
Indigenous communities’ perceptions reveal threats and management options of wild edible plants in semiarid lands of northwestern Kenya
Authors: Oluoch Wyclife Agumba , Whitney Cory , Termote Céline , Borgemeister Christian , Schmitt Christine B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding how local communities perceive threats and management options of wild edible plants (WEPs) is essential in developing their conservation strategies and action plans. Due to their multiple use values, including nutrition, medicinal, construction, and cultural as well as biotic and abiotic pressures, WEPs are exposed to overexploitation, especially within arid and semiarid lands, and hence the need to manage and conserve them. We demonstrate how an understanding of indigenous communities’ perceptions could be achieved through an integrated participatory approach involving focus group discussions (FGDs) and field plot surveys.MethodsWe conducted three FGDs between October 2020 and April 2021 within three community units in northwestern Kenya with different socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. We subsequently surveyed 240 field plots of size 1 ha each to assess threats facing WEPs within a 5 km buffer radius in every study community. We compared ranks of threats and management options across community units.ResultsRankings of threats and management options differed across the three study communities. We obtained strong positive linear relationships between field and FGD rankings of threats facing WEPs. Climate change, overstocking, overharvesting, and invasive species were the highest-ranked threats. Mitigation of climate change, local knowledge preservation, selection, propagation, processing, and marketing of WEPs ranked high among possible management options irrespective of the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the community unit.ConclusionsOur approach emphasizes the relevance of leveraging indigenous communities’ perceptions and conducting field plot surveys to assess threats and management options for WEPs. Evaluating the effectiveness and cost–benefit implications of implementing the highly ranked management options could help determine potentially suitable habitats of the WEPs for conservation and management purposes, especially for priority WEPs.
Integrative network fusion-based multi-omics study for biomarker identification and patient classification of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ding Zihe , Chen Wenjia , Wu Hao , Li Weijie , Mao Xia , Su Weiwei , Zhang Yanqiong , Lin Na 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Cold-dampness Syndrome (RA-Cold) and Hot-dampness Syndrome (RA-Hot) are two distinct groups of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with different clinical symptoms based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories and clinical empirical knowledge. However, the biological basis of the two syndromes has not been fully elucidated, which may restrict the development of personalized medicine and drug discovery for RA diagnosis and therapy.

Methods
An integrative strategy combining clinical transcriptomics, phenomics, and metabolomics data based on clinical cohorts and adjuvant-induced arthritis rat models was performed to identify novel candidate biomarkers and to investigate the biological basis of RA-Cold and RA-Hot.

Results
The main clinical symptoms of RA-Cold patients are joint swelling, pain, and contracture, which may be associated with the dysregulation of T cell-mediated immunity, osteoblast differentiation, and subsequent disorders of steroid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism. In contrast, the main clinical symptoms of RA-Hot patients are fever, irritability, and vertigo, which may be associated with various signals regulating angiogenesis, adrenocorticotropic hormone release, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to disorders of steroid biosynthesis, nicotinamide, and sphingolipid metabolism. IL17F, 5-HT, and IL4I1 were identified as candidate biomarkers of RA-Cold, while S1P and GLNS were identified as candidate biomarkers of RA-Hot.

Conclusions
The current study presents the most comprehensive metabonomic and transcriptomic profiling of serum, urine, synovial fluid, and synovial tissue samples obtained from RA-Cold and RA-Hot patients and experimental animal models to date. Through the integration of multi-omics data and clinical independent validation, a list of novel candidate biomarkers of RA-Cold and RA-Hot syndromes were identified, that may be useful in improving RA diagnosis and therapy.
Pediatric joint hypermobility: a diagnostic framework and narrative review
Authors: Tofts Louise Jane , Simmonds Jane , Schwartz Sarah B. , Richheimer Roberto M. , O’Connor Constance , Elias Ellen , Engelbert Raoul , Cleary Katie , Tinkle Brad T. , Kline Antonie D. , Hakim Alan J. , van Rossum Marion A. J. , Pacey Verity 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are debilitating conditions. Diagnosis is currently clinical in the absence of biomarkers, and criteria developed for adults are difficult to use in children and biologically immature adolescents. Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is a prerequisite for hEDS and generalized HSD. Current literature identifies a large proportion of children as hypermobile using a Beighton score ≥ 4 or 5/9, the cut off for GJH in adults. Other phenotypic features from the 2017 hEDS criteria can arise over time. Finally, many comorbidities described in hEDS/HSD are also seen in the general pediatric and adolescent population. Therefore, pediatric specific criteria are needed. The Paediatric Working Group of the International Consortium on EDS and HSD has developed a pediatric diagnostic framework presented here. The work was informed by a review of the published evidence.

Observations
The framework has 4 components, GJH, skin and tissue abnormalities, musculoskeletal complications, and core comorbidities. A Beighton score of ≥ 6/9 best identifies children with GJH at 2 standard deviations above average, based on published general population data. Skin and soft tissue changes include soft skin, stretchy skin, atrophic scars, stretch marks, piezogenic papules, and recurrent hernias. Two symptomatic groups were agreed: musculoskeletal and systemic. Emerging comorbid relationships are discussed. The framework generates 8 subgroups, 4 pediatric GJH, and 4 pediatric generalized hypermobility spectrum disorders. hEDS is reserved for biologically mature adolescents who meet the 2017 criteria, which also covers even rarer types of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome at any age.

Conclusions
This framework allows hypermobile children to be categorized into a group describing their phenotypic and symptomatic presentation. It clarifies the recommendation that comorbidities should be defined using their current internationally accepted frameworks. This provides a foundation for improving clinical care and research quality in this population.
Targeting homologous recombination deficiency in uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Dall Genevieve , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Nesic Ksenija , Ratnayake Gayanie , Zhu Wenying , Vissers Joseph H. A. , Bedő Justin , Penington Jocelyn , Wakefield Matthew J. , Kee Damien , Carmagnac Amandine , Lim Ratana , Shield-Artin Kristy , Milesi Briony , Lobley Amanda , Kyran Elizabeth L. , O’Grady Emily , Tram Joshua , Zhou Warren , Nugawela Devindee , Stewart Kym Pham , Caldwell Reece , Papadopoulos Lia , Ng Ashley P. , Dobrovic Alexander , Fox Stephen B. , McNally Orla , Power Jeremy D. , Meniawy Tarek , Tan Teng Han , Collins Ian M. , Klein Oliver , Barnett Stephen , Olesen Inger , Hamilton Anne , Hofmann Oliver , Grimmond Sean , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is a rare and aggressive gynaecological malignancy, with individuals with advanced uLMS having a five-year survival of < 10%. Mutations in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway have been observed in ~ 10% of uLMS cases, with reports of some individuals benefiting from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) therapy, which targets this DNA repair defect. In this report, we screened individuals with uLMS, accrued nationally, for mutations in the HR repair pathway and explored new approaches to therapeutic targeting.

Methods
A cohort of 58 individuals with uLMS were screened for HR Deficiency (HRD) using whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) or NGS panel testing. Individuals identified to have HRD uLMS were offered PARPi therapy and clinical outcome details collected. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated for therapeutic targeting.

Results
All 13 uLMS samples analysed by WGS had a dominant COSMIC mutational signature 3; 11 of these had high genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (> 0.2) but only two samples had a CHORD score > 50%, one of which had a homozygous pathogenic alteration in an HR gene (deletion in BRCA2). A further three samples harboured homozygous HRD alterations (all deletions in BRCA2), detected by WES or panel sequencing, with 5/58 (9%) individuals having HRD uLMS. All five individuals gained access to PARPi therapy. Two of three individuals with mature clinical follow up achieved a complete response or durable partial response (PR) with the subsequent addition of platinum to PARPi upon minor progression during initial PR on PARPi. Corresponding PDX responses were most rapid, complete and sustained with the PARP1-specific PARPi, AZD5305, compared with either olaparib alone or olaparib plus cisplatin, even in a paired sample of a BRCA2-deleted PDX, derived following PARPi therapy in the patient, which had developed PARPi-resistance mutations in PRKDC, encoding DNA-PKcs.

Conclusions
Our work demonstrates the value of identifying HRD for therapeutic targeting by PARPi and platinum in individuals with the aggressive rare malignancy, uLMS and suggests that individuals with HRD uLMS should be included in trials of PARP1-specific PARPi.
Some weak type inequalities and almost everywhere convergence of Vilenkin–Nörlund means
Authors: Baramidze Davit , Nadirashvili Nato , Persson Lars-Erik , Tephnadze George 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove and discuss some new weak type $(1,1 ) $
(
1
,
1
)
inequalities of maximal operators of Vilenkin–Nörlund means generated by monotone coefficients. Moreover, we use these results to prove a.e. convergence of such Vilenkin–Nörlund means. As applications, both some well-known and new inequalities are pointed out.
The Lax pair structure for the spin Benjamin–Ono equation
Authors: Gérard Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove that the recently introduced spin Benjamin–Ono equation admits a Lax pair and deduce a family of conservation laws that allow proving global wellposedness in all Sobolev spaces $H^{k}$

H
k

for every integer $k\geq 2$
k
≥
2
. We also infer an additional family of matrix-valued conservation laws of which the previous family is just the traces.
Lesser omental hernia through a defect in the posterior layer of the lesser omentum
Authors: Shibuya Hirotaka , Sato Keita , Yamauchi Yosuke , Tamura Yoshihisa , Takahashi Koji , Asari Yasushi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In previously reported cases of lesser omental hernia, a rare clinical presentation, the herniated intestinal tract was passing through both peritoneal layers of the lesser omentum to herniate into the peritoneal cavity or bursa omentalis. Here we present a very rare case of lesser omentum hernia, where the transverse colon entered through only the posterior layer of the lesser omentum to form a hernia between the anterior and posterior layers.

Case presentation
A 43-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain. Plain abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a change in the caliber of the transverse colon between the stomach and pancreas, forming a closed loop on the cephaloventral side of the stomach. On contrast-enhanced CT images, vessels were observed in the contrast-enhanced lesser omentum surrounding the herniated intestine. The patient was diagnosed with a lesser omental hernia and underwent laparoscopic surgery. Intraoperatively, the transverse colon was covered by the anterior layer of the lesser omentum, and a defect was found in the posterior layer of the lesser omentum on the dorsal side of the stomach. A 2-cm incision was made in the posterior layer of the lesser omentum to widen the small defect. The herniated intestinal section was removed from the hernia sac, and the transverse colon was retained unresected. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions
As illustrated in this first case of a lesser omental hernia forming between the anterior and posterior layers, characteristic CT findings may play an active role in the diagnosis of this rare presentation.
Application of molecular dynamics simulation in self-assembled cancer nanomedicine
Authors: Xu Xueli , Liu Ao , Liu Shuangqing , Ma Yanling , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Meng , Zhao Jinhua , Sun Shuo , Sun Xiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Self-assembled nanomedicine holds great potential in cancer theragnostic. The structures and dynamics of nanomedicine can be affected by a variety of non-covalent interactions, so it is essential to ensure the self-assembly process at atomic level. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a key technology to link microcosm and macroscale. Along with the rapid development of computational power and simulation methods, scientists could simulate the specific process of intermolecular interactions. Thus, some experimental observations could be explained at microscopic level and the nanomedicine synthesis process would have traces to follow. This review not only outlines the concept, basic principle, and the parameter setting of MD simulation, but also highlights the recent progress in MD simulation for self-assembled cancer nanomedicine. In addition, the physicochemical parameters of self-assembly structure and interaction between various assembled molecules under MD simulation are also discussed. Therefore, this review will help advanced and novice researchers to quickly zoom in on fundamental information and gather some thought-provoking ideas to advance this subfield of self-assembled cancer nanomedicine.
Disappearing male sterilization in India: do we care?
Authors: Salve Pradeep S. , Shekhar Chander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe disproportionate share of contraceptive use by women makes family planning services women-centric in India. The meagre and declining share of male-based contraceptive use, along with the overwhelming prevalence of female sterilization, has its underpinning in the lack of emphasis on fertility regulation with the use of temporary methods. The recent trends in the share of contraceptive choices not only contest the most touted cafeteria approach but also serves counter to the National Health Policy target of increasing vasectomy prevalence. Hence an inspection of trends in vasectomy may help in course correction needed to realise NHP targets.
Clinical surrogates of dysautonomia predict lethal outcome in COVID-19 on intensive care unit
Authors: Woo Marcel Seungsu , Mayer Christina , Fischer Marlene , Kluge Stefan , Roedl Kevin , Gerloff Christian , Czorlich Patrick , Thomalla Götz , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Schweingruber Nils 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Unpredictable vegetative deteriorations made the treatment of patients with acute COVID-19 on intensive care unit particularly challenging during the first waves of the pandemic. Clinical correlates of dysautonomia and their impact on the disease course in critically ill COVID-19 patients are unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data collected during a single-center observational study (March 2020–November 2021) which was performed at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, a large tertiary medical center in Germany. All patients admitted to ICU due to acute COVID-19 disease during the study period were included (n = 361). Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) per day were used as clinical surrogates of dysautonomia and compared between survivors and non-survivors at different time points after admission. Intraindividual correlation of vital signs with laboratory parameters were calculated and corrected for age, sex and disease severity.

Results
Patients who deceased in ICU had a longer stay (median days ± IQR, survivors 11.0 ± 27.3, non-survivors 14.1 ± 18.7, P = 0.85), in contrast time spent under invasive ventilation was not significantly different (median hours ± IQR, survivors 322 ± 782, non-survivors 286 ± 434, P = 0.29). Reduced HRV and BPV predicted lethal outcome in patients staying on ICU longer than 10 days after adjustment for age, sex, and disease severity. Accordingly, HRV was significantly less correlated with inflammatory markers (e.g. CRP and Procalcitonin) and blood carbon dioxide in non-survivors in comparison to survivors indicating uncoupling between autonomic function and inflammation in non-survivors.

Conclusions
Our study suggests autonomic dysfunction as a contributor to mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first waves of the pandemic. Serving as a surrogate for disease progression, these findings could contribute to the clinical management of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Furthermore, the suggested measure of dysautonomia and correlation with other laboratory parameters is non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective and should be evaluated as an additional outcome parameter in septic patients treated in the ICU in the future.