bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional perception and multi-scale feature fusion network for cardiac segmentation
Authors: Lu Chenggang , Yuan Jinli , Xia Kewen , Guo Zhitao , Chen Muxuan , Yu Hengyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases affecting cardiac and blood vessels, and short-axis cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images are considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and assessment of CVD. In CMR images, accurate segmentation of cardiac structures (e.g. left ventricle) assists in the parametric quantification of cardiac function. However, the dynamic beating of the heart renders the location of the heart with respect to other tissues difficult to resolve, and the myocardium and its surrounding tissues are similar in grayscale. This makes it challenging to accurately segment the cardiac images. Our goal is to develop a more accurate CMR image segmentation approach. Approach. In this study, we propose a regional perception and multi-scale feature fusion network (RMFNet) for CMR image segmentation. We design two regional perception modules, a window selection transformer (WST) module and a grid extraction transformer (GET) module. The WST module introduces a window selection block to adaptively select the window of interest to perceive information, and a windowed transformer block to enhance global information extraction within each feature window. The WST module enhances the network performance by improving the window of interest. The GET module grids the feature maps to decrease the redundant information in the feature maps and enhances the extraction of latent feature information of the network. The RMFNet further introduces a novel multi-scale feature extraction module to improve the ability to retain detailed information. Main results. The RMFNet is validated with experiments on three cardiac data sets. The results show that the RMFNet outperforms other advanced methods in overall performance. The RMFNet is further validated for generalizability on a multi-organ data set. The results also show that the RMFNet surpasses other comparison methods. Significance. Accurate medical image segmentation can reduce the stress of radiologists and play an important role in image-guided clinical procedures.
Modelling oxygen effects on the in- and out-of-field radiosensitivity of cells exposed to intensity-modulated radiation fields
Authors: Matsuya Yusuke , McMahon Stephen J , Butterworth Karl T , Yachi Yoshie , Saga Ryo , Sato Tatsuhiko , Prise Kevin M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. The delivery of intensity-modulated radiation fields has improved the conformity of dose to tumour targets during radiotherapy (RT). Previously, it has been shown that intercellular communication between cells positioned in- and outside of the radiation field impacts cellular radiosensitivity under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. However, the mechanism of intercellular communication in hypoxia remains to be fully understood. In this study, the cell-killing effects of intercellular communication in hypoxia were modelled in an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of response. Approach. By irradiating a 50% area of the culture dish (half-field exposure), experimental dose-response curves for cell survival and residual DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were generated in prostate (DU145) and non-small cell lung cancer (H1299) cells. The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) was determined from early DSB yields (corresponding to relative direct damage) and used to model the in- and out-of-field radiosensitivity. Main results. The developed integrated microdosimetric-kinetic (IMK) model successfully predicted the experimental dose responses for survival and lethal lesions, and provides a mechanistic interpretation that the probability of hits for releasing cell-killing signals is dependent on oxygen. This experimental and modelling study also suggests that residual DSBs correspond to logarithmic survival fraction (meaning lethal lesions) for in- and out-of-field cells. Our data suggest that the OER value determined using uniform-field exposure can be applied to predict the in- and out-of-field radiosensitivity of cells following exposure to intensity modulated beams. Significance. The developed IMK model facilitates a more precise understanding of intercellular signalling following exposure to intensity-modulated radiation fields.
Photoplethysmography wave morphology in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Basza Mikołaj , Waląg Damian , Kowalczyk Weronika , Bożym Aleksandra , Ciurla Michalina , Krzyżanowska Małgorzata , Maciejewski Cezary , Bojanowicz Wojciech , Soliński Mateusz , Kołtowski Łukasz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Most current algorithms for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF) rely on heart rate variability (HRV), and only a few studies analyse the variability of photopletysmography (PPG) waveform. This study aimed to compare morphological features of the PPG curve in patients with AF to those presenting a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and evaluate their usefulness in AF detection. Approach. 10 min PPG signals were obtained from patients with persistent/paroxysmal AF and NSR. Nine morphological parameters (1/ΔT), Pulse Width [PW], augmentation index [AI], b/a, e/a, [b-e]/a, crest time [CT], inflection point area [IPA], Area and five HRV parameters (heart rate [HR], Shannon entropy [ShE], root mean square of the successive differences [RMSSD], number of pairs of consecutive systolic peaks [R–R] that differ by more than 50 ms [NN50], standard deviation of the R–R intervals [SDNN]) were calculated. Main results. Eighty subjects, including 33 with AF and 47 with NSR were recruited. In univariate analysis five morphological features (1/ΔT, p < 0.001; b/a, p < 0.001; [b-e]/a, p < 0.001; CT, p = 0.011 and Area, p < 0.001) and all HRV parameters (p = 0.01 for HR and p < 0.001 for others) were significantly different between the study groups. In the stepwise multivariate model (Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.988 [0.974–1.000]), three morphological parameters (PW, p < 0.001; e/a, p = 0.011; (b-e)/a, p < 0.001) and three of HRV parameters (ShE, p = 0.01; NN50, p < 0.001, HR, p = 0.01) were significant. Significance. There are significant differences between AF and NSR, PPG waveform, which are useful in AF detection algorithm. Moreover adding those features to HRV-based algorithms may improve their specificity and sensitivity.
PT

symmetry-protected exceptional cones and analogue Hawking radiation
Authors: Stålhammar Marcus , Larana-Aragon Jorge , Rødland Lukas , Kunst Flore K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which effectively describe dissipative systems, and analogue gravity models, which simulate properties of gravitational objects, comprise seemingly different areas of current research. Here, we investigate the interplay between the two by relating parity-time-symmetric dissipative Weyl-type Hamiltonians to analogue Schwarzschild black holes emitting Hawking radiation. We show that the exceptional points of these Hamiltonians form tilted cones mimicking the behavior of the light cone of a radially infalling observer approaching a black hole horizon. We further investigate the presence of tunneling processes, reminiscent of those happening in black holes, in a concrete example model. We interpret the non-trivial result as the purely thermal contribution to analogue Hawking radiation in a Schwarzschild black hole. Assuming that our particular Hamiltonian models a photonic crystal, we discuss the concrete nature of the analogue Hawking radiation in this particular setup.
Non-Hermiticity induced topological edge states with unique transport
Authors: Gong Ping , Bo Fan , Fang Yun-Tuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate that non-Hermiticity solely induced Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattice can result in two unique topological edge state (TES) bands: One is within the band gap, the other is embedded in the bulky bands. The latter are the topological bound states in the continuum (BIC). Different from general TESs, both the TES bands have the unidirectional transport with the direction under two-fold modulation: source spin direction and source position. The TESs with BIC have additional amplifying transport property. All the results have developed the concept of BICs and TESs, and provided a new freedom in the controlling of light transport.
Composition-driven normal ferroelectric to relaxor ferroelectric transition with enhanced electrostriction in ternary NBT-BZ-LT ceramics
Authors: Rashid A , Pappachan Seethal , Giri Abhijeet M , Saravanan Silambarasan , Arockiarajan A , Giridharan N V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The NBT based perovskite ferroelectric oxides with high electrostrictive coefficient (Q

33
) is gaining attention due to their application in high-precision displacement actuators. Herein, (1 −2x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xBaZrO3–xLaTiO3 (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) ceramics are produced through a solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction is used for the structural analysis of the prepared ceramic materials. The influences of BaZrO3 and LaTiO3 on the piezoelectric and electrostrictive properties in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 solid solutions is thoroughly investigated using the dielectric spectra, ferroelectric hysteresis loops, and bipolar strain curves. An electrostrictive coefficient Q

33
of 0.0557 m

4

/C

2
is obtained at x = 0.05, with a moderate S–E hysteresis of 26% at an electric field of 60 kV cm−1. These results indicate that (1 −2x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xBaZrO3–xLaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics at x = 0.05 could be a promising material for high-precision displacement actuator applications.
The effect of parabolic potential on the generation of higher harmonics of nematicons
Authors: Sajitha N M , Suneera T P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate the behavior of nonlocal spatial optical solitons in a uniaxial nematic liquid crystal with a parabolic potential. The equations governing the system are solved using semi-analytic and numerical methods. We found that nematicons exist in the parabolic potential. These nematicons exhibit periodic oscillations in the presence of the parabolic potential. The wavelength of periodic oscillations was found to decrease linearly with increasing potential strength. Higher harmonics of nematicons can be generated by varying the strength of the parabolic potential. Using Bogoliobov-De-Genes equations, the stability of the stationary solution against small perturbation has been investigated.
First-principles based plasma profile predictions for optimized stellarators
Authors: Bañón Navarro A. , Di Siena A. , Velasco J.L. , Wilms F. , Merlo G. , Windisch T. , LoDestro L.L. , Parker J.B. , Jenko F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the present Letter, first-of-its-kind computer simulations predicting plasma profiles for modern optimized stellarators—while self-consistently retaining neoclassical transport, turbulent transport with 3D effects, and external physical sources—are presented. These simulations exploit a newly developed coupling framework involving the global gyrokinetic turbulence code GENE-3D, the neoclassical transport code KNOSOS, and the 1D transport solver TANGO. This framework is used to analyze the recently observed degradation of energy confinement in electron-heated plasmas in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, where the central ion temperature was ‘clamped’ to

T

i

≈
1.5

keV regardless of the external heating power. By performing first-principles based simulations, we provide key evidence to understand this effect, namely the inefficient thermal coupling between electrons and ions in a turbulence-dominated regime, which is exacerbated by the large

T

e

/

T

i

ratios, and show that a more efficient ion heat source, such as direct ion heating, will increase the on-axis ion temperature. This work paves the way towards the use of high-fidelity models for the development of the next generation of stellarators, in which neoclassical and turbulent transport are optimized simultaneously.
Biological hypercrystals
Authors: Maciá Enrique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The notion of biological hypercrystal may be regarded as a step toward a broader crystal notion. In this contribution I consider the geometry of cell patterns in tissues, described in terms of Voronoi tessellations and cut-and-project techniques. In this way, we realize that (1) Voronoi tessellations, early used in the description of atomic and molecular building blocks distributions in QCs, can be extended to describe the geometry of cell arrangements in tissues of biological interest, and (2) the recourse to higher dimensional spaces can be fruitfully exploited to describe complex ordered designs in biological systems.
Magnetism and topological property in icosahedral quasicrystal
Authors: Watanabe Shinji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Quasicrystal (QC) has no periodicity but has a unique rotational symmetry forbidden in periodic crystals. Lack of microscopic theory of the crystalline electric field (CEF) in the QC and approximant crystal (AC) has prevented us from understanding the electric property, especially the magnetism. By developing the general formulation of the CEF in the rare-earth based QC and AC, we have analyzed the CEF in the QC Au-SM-Tb and AC (SM=Si, Ge, and Ga). The magnetic anisotropy arising from the CEF plays an important role in realizing unique magnetic states on the icosahedron (IC). By constructing the minimal model with the magnetic anisotropy, we have analyzed the ground-state properties of the IC, 1/1 AC, and QC. The hedgehog state is characterized by the topological charge of one and the whirling-moment state is characterized by the topological charge of three. The uniform arrangement of the ferrimagnetic state is stabilized in the QC with the ferromagnetic (FM) interaction, which is a candidate for the magnetic structure recently observed FM long-range order in the QC Au-Ga-Tb. The uniform arrangement of the hedgehog state is stabilized in the QC with the antiferromagnetic interaction, which suggests the possibility of the topological magnetic long-range order.
Supercurrent Distribution on Ammann-Beenker Structure
Authors: Fukushima Takumi , Takemori Nayuta , Sakai Shiro , Ichioka Masanori , Jagannathan Anuradha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the distribution of supercurrent in the attractive Hubbard model on a periodic approximant of the Ammann-Beenker structure by means of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) mean-field theory. We first investigate the spatial distributions of the electron density and superconducting order parameter and find a crossover between superconducting states with (i) extended, (ii) localized, and (iii) short-ranged Cooper pairs, similar to the previous results on the Penrose tiling. Furthermore, we formulate the expression of the supercurrent for the periodic approximant in terms of the eigenenergies and the wave functions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian and numerically investigate how the local supercurrent distribution varies by changing the direction of the applied phase gradient.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction study on the quasicrystal approximant Au70Al16Tb14
Authors: Nawa Kazuhiro , Okuyama Daisuke , Ebina Akihito , Sato Taku J , Ishikawa Asuka , Tamura Ryuji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A magnetic order of the quasicrystal approximant Au70Al16Tb14 was investigated via single crystalline neutron diffraction experiments. In spite of some differences in the macroscopic magnetic properties compared with Au72Al14Tb14, the whirling antiferromagnetic structure similar to Au72Al14Tb14 was found. The robustness of the magnetic structure suggests the orientation of the magnetic moment dominated by easy-axis anisotropy of Tb. In addition, the critical exponent β indicates a mean field nature of the magnetic transition.
Pulse shape simulation and discrimination using machine learning techniques
Authors: Dutta S. , Ghosh S. , Bhattacharya S. , Saha S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An essential metric for the quality of a
particle-identification experiment is its statistical power to
discriminate between signal and background. Pulse shape
discrimination (PSD) is a basic method for this purpose in many
nuclear, high-energy and rare-event search experiments where
scintillation detectors are used. Conventional techniques exploit
the difference between decay-times of the pulses from signal and
background events or pulse signals caused by different types of
radiation quanta to achieve good discrimination. However, such
techniques are efficient only when the total light-emission is
sufficient to get a proper pulse profile. This is only possible when
adequate amount of energy is deposited from recoil of the electrons
or the nuclei of the scintillator materials caused by the incident
particle on the detector. But, rare-event search experiments like
direct search for dark matter do not always satisfy these
conditions. Hence, it becomes imperative to have a method that can
deliver a very efficient discrimination in these scenarios. Neural
network based machine-learning algorithms have been used for
classification problems in many areas of physics especially in
high-energy experiments and have given better results compared to
conventional techniques. We present the results of our
investigations of two network based methods viz. Dense Neural
Network and Recurrent Neural Network, for pulse shape discrimination
and compare the same with conventional methods.
Interannual variability and trends of summertime PM2.5-based air quality in the Intermountain West
Authors: Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Zhang Wei , Hipps Lawrence , Wang S-Y Simon , Gillies Robert R , Bigalke Siiri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Summertime air quality is a growing public health concern in the populated region of Northern Utah. Whereas winter air pollution is highly linked with local atmospheric temperature inversions associated with upper atmospheric high-pressure and radiational cooling in valleys, the relationship between climate factors and the frequency of poor air quality during summer is still unknown. Analyzing the last 20 years of data, we demonstrated that summertime unhealthy days (as defined by PM2.5 air quality index level) in Northern Utah highly correlate with the number of dry-hot days, wildfire size, and an upper atmospheric ridge over the Northwestern United States. The persistent atmospheric ridge enhances lightning-caused fire burned areas in northwestern states and then transports the wildfire smoke toward Northern Utah. Similarly, climate model simulations confirm observational findings, such as an increasing trend of the upper atmospheric ridge and summertime dry days in the northwestern states. Such metrics developed in this study could be used to establish longer-term monitoring and seasonal forecasting for air quality and its compounding factors, which is currently limited to forecasting products for only several days.
Poly-scale principle of urban environment geoinformation monitoring
Authors: Karpinskyi Yu , Lyashchenko A , Patrakeyev I , Ziborov V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article discusses general approaches for monitoring the urban environment based on geoinformation technologies. The purpose of these studies is to use the properties of poly-scale geoinformation monitoring in modeling and forecasting the state of the urban environment. The urgency of identifying the spatio-temporal features of the development of the urban environment at different territorial levels is shown. Each territorial level carries its own level of detail. These levels are the global level, regional, local, macro, meso level and primary level. The set-theoretic representation of the principle of poly-scale modelling of objects of the urban environment is considered. Based on this approach, models and methods of geoinformation monitoring at each scale level can be represented as a composition of ordered pairs of different structural types. An example of a hierarchy of methods and models used in studies of the urban environment is given. The concept of basic composition models is introduced. On the basis of such models, a technology for constructing poly-scale compositions is presented. Such compositions make it possible to convey the computational essence of the corresponding mathematical models at each level of the poly-scale approach in the study of the urban environment. A generalized scheme for applying the principle of poly-scale decomposition of a geoinformation monitoring object has been developed. At the same time, at each level of the information space, the construction of the corresponding models of the monitoring object is provided.
Solid waste market: cross-country analysis
Authors: Hayda Y , Dluhopolskyi O , Zatonatska T , Haida T , Lavrentiev M , Smyk A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intensive consumption of natural resources causes man-made changes in the environment, which result in deteriorating living conditions and threaten the existence of human civilization. Today, the problem of environmental pollution is an environmental catastrophe of a global nature that needs to be urgently addressed. To identify the factors influencing the state of solid waste management in different countries, several indicators were selected that describe the environmental situation, its level of economic development, education, and comprehensive development of society. The built regression models and the interpretation of their parameters indicate the need to consider three elements of the strategy to improve the management of solid waste: 1) promoting economic development, including innovative waste processing technologies; 2) improving the legal framework for the industry; 3) raising the educational level and environmental awareness of the country’s population.
Methodology for assessing the sustainable development of administrative-territorial units
Authors: Koshkalda I , Hoptsii D , Morozova H , Scoromna O , Gurskienė V 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article considers the existing approaches to understanding the term “sustainable development” and the methodology for assessing sustainable development processes. The problem of lack of a unified methodology for assessing the sustainable development of administrative-territorial units has been identified, which prompted its development. Based on the analysis, a method of assessing the sustainable development of administrative-territorial units has been proposed. The methodology is based on metrics for measuring sustainable development processes, developed by the Institute for Applied System Analysis of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Improving the existing methodology was to simplify it by developing a single system of parameters based on official statistics. Instead, it was suggested not to use the original data obtained by experts, due to the impossibility of verifying their reliability. For the same reason, it was proposed to abandon the use of weights when calculating the values of indicators and policy categories. Approbation of the improved methodology was carried out on the example of Poltava, Sumy and Kharkiv regions, which are part of the North-Eastern economic region of Ukraine. The calculations confirmed the comparability of the results with the results of other authors in previous studies. The improved methodology, in contrast to existing ones, is different due to its simplicity, versatility and suitability for assessing the sustainable development of any comparable administrative-territorial units. At the same time, further research is needed on the system of baseline parameters for administrative-territorial units for which there are insufficient official statistics, as well as the feasibility of applying weights, provided they are properly justified.