bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dietary shifts alter the gut microbiota of a frugivorous lizard Teratoscincus roborowskii (Squamata, Sphaerodactylidae)
Authors: Gao Wei‐Zhen , Yang Yi , Shi Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeasonal dietary shifts in animals are important strategies for ecological adaptation. An increasing number of studies have shown that seasonal dietary shifts can influence or even determine the composition of gut microbiota. The Turpan wonder gecko, Teratoscincus roborowskii, lives in extreme desert environments and has a flexible dietary shift to fruit‐eating in warm seasons. However, the effect of such shifts on the gut microbiota is poorly understood. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing and LC–MS metabolomics were used to examine changes in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns of T. roborowskii. The results demonstrated that the gut microbes of T. roborowskii underwent significant seasonal changes, and the abundance of phylum level in autumn was significantly higher than spring, but meanwhile, the diversity was lower. At the family level, the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota were both higher in autumn. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant gut microbes of T. roborowskii. Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria exhibited dynamic ebb and flow patterns between spring and autumn. Metabolomic profiling also revealed differences mainly related to the formation of secondary bile acids. The pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and lysine degradation pathways identified by KEGG enrichment symbolize the exuberant metabolic capacity of T. roborowskii. Furthermore, strong correlations were detected between metabolite types and bacteria, and this correlation may be an important adaptation of T. roborowskii to cope with dietary shifts and improve energy acquisition. Our study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the adaptive evolution of the special frugivorous behavior of T. roborowskii, which is an important progress in the study of gut microbes in desert lizards.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Trimethylsilyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones from 1‐Ethoxy(hydroxy)‐5‐(trimethylsilyl)pentenynones
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Golubev Pavel , Molin Ilia A. , Rostovskii Nikolai V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExclusive formation of 5‐aryl‐2‐trimethylsilyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones is accomplished by a regioselective cyclization of 2‐aryl‐1‐ethoxy(hydroxy)‐5‐(trimethylsilyl)pent‐1‐en‐4‐yn‐3‐ones. This cyclization occurs in a 6‐endo‐dig mode through addition to the β‐atom of the TMS substituted triple bond. The reaction was found to be general for a range of ethoxyenynones upon heating in glacial acetic acid and for analogous hydroxyenynones in diphenyl ether. Plausible mechanistic explanation and possible post‐modifications of resulting pyranones are offered.
Modeling and performance analysis of novel quad‐tied PV array configuration under partial shading conditions
Authors: Verma Pallavi , Singh Chandranshu , Dogra Rahul , Bhaskar M. S. , Gupta Nikita , Khan Baseem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA photovoltaic (PV) cell is the smallest unit in an array that exhibits nonlinear characteristic curves. To gather the maximum amount of energy from a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs), it is necessary to follow the largest peak in the power–voltage (P–V) curve. PV cells are partially or totally shaded due to atmospheric conditions, which show multiple peaks in the PV curve. To overcome the losses occurring due to PSCs, PV array reconfiguration action is advisable. The authors of this work proposed a novel quad‐tied PV array configuration and compared its performance to that of other current configurations such as series‐parallel, total‐cross tied, and others in terms of global maximum power point tracking, mismatch loss, fill factor, and efficiency. The MATLAB/Simulink 2020a platform was used to generate PV array curves under various shading conditions.
Prevalence of pituitary hormone dysfunction following radiotherapy for sinonasal and nasopharyngeal malignancies
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Phan Jack , Waguespack Steven G. , Aldehaim Mohammed , Wang Xin , Lim Tze Yee , Roberts Dianna B. , Fuller C. David , Spiotto Michael T. , Raza Shaan M. , DeMonte Franco , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited studies and no surveillance protocols on pituitary dysfunction for adults who underwent anterior skull base radiation.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 50 consecutive patients with sinonasal or nasopharyngeal cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy. The mean radiation doses, prevalence of pituitary dysfunction, and associated factors were calculated.ResultsPituitary hormone levels were abnormal in 23 (46%) patients, including 6 (12%) with symptomatic abnormalities requiring treatment. The most common hormonal abnormality was hyperprolactinemia (30%), central hypothyroidism (8%) and central hypogonadism (6%). Patients with abnormal pituitary hormone values received higher mean radiation doses to the pituitary gland (1143 cGy, P = 0.04), pituitary stalk (1129 cGy, P = 0.02), optic chiasm (1094 cGy, P = 0.01), and hypothalamus (900 cGy, P = 0.01).ConclusionsNearly half of the patients had abnormal pituitary function, including over a tenth requiring treatment. There may be a dose‐dependent association between hormonal dysfunction and radiation.
I copy you as I believe you know about our culture: Combining imitation and selective trust literatures
Authors: Fong Frankie T. K. , Nielsen Mark , Corriveau Kathleen H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmpirical findings and theorizations of both imitation and selective trust offer different views on and interpretations of children's social learning mechanisms. The imitation literature provides ample documentation of children's behavioural patterns in the acquisition of socially appropriate norms and practices. The selective trust literature provides insights into children's cognitive processes of choosing credible informants and what information to learn in future interactions. In this paper, we place together findings from both fields and note that they share analogically similar theoretical underpinnings and offer explanations that are complementary to each other. We contend that children's imitative tendency may be due to their selection of in‐group members as cultural experts, who serve as reliable sources of conventional information. Moving forward, we note the importance of evaluating individual differences and cultural factors to provide a more holistic understanding of universality and variation in children's social learning mechanisms.
Ensuring access to justice: the need for community paralegals to end AIDS by 2030
Authors: Hinman Kati , Sun Nina , Amon Joseph J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe HIV response has long recognized that certain “key populations” such as individuals in detention, adolescent girls and young women, sex workers, people who use drugs, LGBTQ individuals, migrants and others face higher barriers to access to, uptake of, and retention in HIV prevention and treatment services. One approach to addressing these barriers is the training of community paralegals to advocate for the rights of individuals and to address discrimination in health settings.DiscussionCommunity paralegal programmes have been able to successfully address rights violations that impact access to health services and underlying determinants of health across a range of countries and populations, focusing upon issues such as discrimination and the denial of health services; unlawful detention of outreach workers, sex workers, persons who use drugs and men who have sex with men; and harmful traditional practices and gender‐based violence. In addition to resolving specific cases, evaluations of paralegal programmes have found that these programmes increased legal literacy among key populations at risk of HIV and increased understanding of human rights among healthcare providers, resulting in improved access to HIV services. Some evaluations have noted challenges related to the sustainability of paralegal programmes similar to those raised with community health worker programmes more broadly.ConclusionsTo achieve global HIV goals, funding for legal literacy and paralegal programmes should be increased and interventions should be rigorously evaluated. Efforts should target discrimination in access to HIV prevention and treatment and criminalization of key populations, two key barriers to ensuring access to HIV prevention and treatment services.
Greater than the sum of its parts: A view of professional counseling grounded in history and looking toward the future
Authors: Fickling Melissa J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree counseling histories—career counseling, social justice, and humanistic counseling—taken together, offer a framework for conceptualization and training that aligns in a holistic way with the profession's values. These foundations comprise a unique professional identity, which can allow counselors to adequately address complex client needs.
Synthetic Strategy for the Development of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as Cathode Interfacial Layers: Toward Sustainable Organic Devices
Authors: Pasini Mariacecilia , Galeotti Francesco , Mróz Wojciech , Squeo Benedetta Maria , Luzzati Silvia , Botta Chiara , Scavia Guido , Giovanella Umberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) as interfacial layers (ILs) to increase the efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic transistors is a well‐established strategy. Here, the rational process is reported that led to develop the bifunctional poly[(2,7‐(9,9’‐bis(6’‐diethoxylphosphorylhexyl)‐fluorene)‐alt‐(2,7‐(9,9′‐bis(6″‐trimethylammonium bromide)hexyl)‐fluorene)] (PF‐NBr‐EP). PF‐NBr‐EP is successfully incorporated as a cathode IL (CIL) in diverse electronic and optoelectronic devices. The properties of two fluorene‐based CPEs containing, respectively, phosphonate (EP) and ammonium (NBr) moieties used as building blocks for the synthesis of the PF‐NBr‐EP copolymer and their mixtures are investigated to evaluate the combined effect of the two moieties and therefore to gain insight into the behavior of PF‐NBr‐EP chemical structure in the devices. Additionally, the performance of OLEDs and OSCs is analyzed based on established active layers, incorporating all these neat and mixed CILs.
Wirelessly interfacing sensor‐equipped implants and MR scanners for improved safety and imaging
Authors: Silemek Berk , Seifert Frank , Petzold Johannes , Brühl Rüdiger , Ittermann Bernd , Winter Lukas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate a novel reduced RF heating method for imaging in the presence of active implanted medical devices (AIMDs) which employs a sensor‐equipped implant that provides wireless feedback.MethodsThe implant, consisting of a generator case and a lead, measures RF‐induced ‐fields at the implant tip using a simple sensor in the generator case and transmits these values wirelessly to the MR scanner. Based on the sensor signal alone, parallel transmission (pTx) excitation vectors were calculated to suppress tip heating and maintain image quality. A sensor‐based imaging metric was introduced to assess the image quality. The methodology was studied at 7T in testbed experiments, and at a 3T scanner in an ASTM phantom containing AIMDs instrumented with six realistic deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead configurations adapted from patients.ResultsThe implant successfully measured RF‐induced ‐fields (Pearson correlation coefficient squared [R2] = 0.93) and temperature rises (R2 = 0.95) at the implant tip. The implant acquired the relevant data needed to calculate the pTx excitation vectors and transmitted them wirelessly to the MR scanner within a single shot RF sequence (<60 ms). Temperature rises for six realistic DBS lead configurations were reduced to 0.03–0.14 K for heating suppression modes compared to 0.52–3.33 K for the worst‐case heating, while imaging quality remained comparable (five of six lead imaging scores were ≥0.80/1.00) to conventional circular polarization (CP) images.ConclusionImplants with sensors that can communicate with an MR scanner can substantially improve safety for patients in a fast and automated manner, easing the current burden for MR personnel.
Implant‐friendly MRI of deep brain stimulation electrodes at 7 T
Authors: Sadeghi‐Tarakameh Alireza , DelaBarre Lance , Zulkarnain Nur Izzati Huda , Harel Noam , Eryaman Yigitcan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to present a strategy to calculate the implant‐friendly (IF) excitation modes—which mitigate the RF heating at the contacts of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes—of multichannel RF coils at 7 T.MethodsAn induced RF current on an implantable electrode generates a scattered magnetic field whose left‐handed circularly polarizing component () is approximated using a ‐mapping technique and subsequently used as a gauge for the electrode's induced current. Using this approach, the relative induced currents resulting from each channel of a multichannel RF coil on the DBS electrode were calculated. The IF modes of the corresponding multichannel coil were determined by calculating the null space of the relative induced currents. The proposed strategy was tested and validated for unilateral and bilateral commercial DBS electrodes (directional lead; Infinity DBS system, Abbott Laboratories) placed inside a uniform phantom by performing heating and imaging studies on a 7T MRI scanner using a 16‐channel transceive RF coil.ResultsNeither individual IF modes nor shim solutions obtained from IF modes induced significant temperature increase when used for a high‐power turbo spin‐echo sequence. In contrast, shimming with the scanner's toolbox (i.e., based on per‐channel fields) resulted in a more than 2°C temperature increase for the same amount of input power.ConclusionA strategy for calculating the IF modes of a multichannel RF coil is presented. This strategy was validated using a 16‐channel RF coil at 7 T for unilateral and bilateral commercial DBS electrodes inside a uniform phantom.
Rapid and automated lipid profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using neural networks
Authors: Johnson Hayden , Puppa Melissa , van der Merwe Marie , Tipirneni‐Sajja Aaryani 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for quantitative metabolomics; however, quantification of metabolites from NMR data is often a slow and tedious process requiring user input and expertise. In this study, we propose a neural network approach for rapid, automated lipid identification and quantification from NMR data. Multilayered perceptron (MLP) networks were developed with NMR spectra as the input and lipid concentrations as output. Three large synthetic datasets were generated, each with 55,000 spectra from an original 30 scans of reference standards, by using linear combinations of standards and simulating experimental‐like modifications (line broadening, noise, peak shifts, baseline shifts) and common interference signals (water, tetramethylsilane, extraction solvent), and were used to train MLPs for robust prediction of lipid concentrations. The performances of MLPS were first validated on various synthetic datasets to assess the effect of incorporating different modifications on their accuracy. The MLPs were then evaluated on experimentally acquired data from complex lipid mixtures. The MLP‐derived lipid concentrations showed high correlations and slopes close to unity for most of the quantified lipid metabolites in experimental mixtures compared with ground‐truth concentrations. The most accurate, robust MLP was used to profile lipids in lipophilic hepatic extracts from a rat metabolomics study. The MLP lipid results analyzed by two‐way ANOVA for dietary and sex differences were similar to those obtained with a conventional NMR quantification method. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential and feasibility of a neural network approach for improving speed and automation in NMR lipid profiling and this approach can be easily tailored to other quantitative, targeted spectroscopic analyses in academia or industry.
Displacement‐based partitioned equations of motion for structures: Formulation and proof‐of‐concept applications
Authors: Park K. C. , González J. A. , Park Y. H. , Shin S. J. , Kim J. G. , Maute K. K. , Farhat C. , Felippa C. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new formulation for the displacement‐only partitioned equations of motion for linear structures is presented, which employs: the partitioned displacement, acceleration, and applied force (); the partitioned block diagonal mass and stiffness matrices (); and, the coupling projector (), yielding the partitioned coupled equations of motion: ). The key element of the proposed formulation is the coupling projector () which can be constructed with the partitioned mass matrix (), the Boolean matrix that extracts the partition boundary degrees of freedom (), and the assembly matrix () relating the assembled displacements () to the partitioned displacements () via . Potential utility of the proposed formulation is illustrated as applied to six proof‐of‐concept problems in an ideal setting: unconditionally stable explicit‐implicit transient analysis, static parallel analysis in an iterative solution mode; reduced‐order modeling (component mode synthesis); localized damage identification which can pinpoint damage locations; a new procedure for partitioned structural optimization; and, partitioned modeling of multiphysics problems. Realistic applications of the proposed formulation are presently being carried out and will be reported in separate reports.
Cardiovascular risk stratification among individuals with obesity: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium
Authors: Boakye Ellen , Grandhi Gowtham R. , Dardari Zeina , Adhikari Rishav , Soroosh Garshasb , Jha Kunal , Dzaye Omar , Tasdighi Erfan , Erhabor John , Kumar Sant J. , Whelton Seamus , Blumenthal Roger S. , Albert Michael , Rozanski Alan , Berman Daniel S. , Budoff Matthew J. , Miedema Michael D. , Nasir Khurram , Rumberger John A. , Shaw Leslee J. , Blaha Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of coronary artery calcification (CAC) for risk stratification in obesity, in which imaging is often limited because of a reduced signal to noise ratio, has not been well studied.MethodsData from 9334 participants (mean age: 53.3 ± 9.7 years; 67.9% men) with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 from the CAC Consortium, a retrospectively assembled cohort of individuals with no prior cardiovascular diseases (CVD), were used. The predictive value of CAC for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality was evaluated using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards and competing‐risks regression.ResultsMean BMI was 34.5 (SD 4.4) kg/m2 (22.7% Class II and 10.8% Class III obesity), and 5461 (58.5%) had CAC. Compared with CAC = 0, those with CAC = 1–99, 100–299, and ≥300 Agatston units had higher rates (per 1000 person‐years) of all‐cause (1.97 vs. 3.5 vs. 5.2 vs. 11.3), CVD (0.4 vs. 1.1 vs. 1.5 vs. 4.2), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (0.2 vs. 0.6 vs. 0.6 vs. 2.5), respectively, after mean follow‐up of 10.8 ± 3.0 years. After adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CAC ≥ 300 was associated with significantly higher risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.49–2.82), CVD (subdistribution HR: 3.48; 95% CI: 1.81–6.70), and CHD mortality (subdistribution HR: 5.44; 95% CI: 2.02–14.66), compared with CAC = 0. When restricting the sample to individuals with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, CAC ≥ 300 remained significantly associated with the highest risk.ConclusionsAmong individuals with obesity, including moderate–severe obesity, CAC strongly predicts all‐cause, CVD, and CHD mortality and may serve as an effective cardiovascular risk stratification tool to prioritize the allocation of therapies for weight management.
Cultural importance, availability and conservation status of Spanish wild medicinal plants: Implications for sustainability
Authors: Mateo‐Martín J. , Benítez G. , Gras A. , Molina M. , Reyes‐García V. , Tardío J. , Verde A. , Pardo‐de‐Santayana M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe harvest of wild plants with medicinal uses is increasing globally, both for self‐treatment and as a source of income. The increasing demand for these remedies could lead to the over‐harvest of some species. Despite a recent surge in the number of studies analysing wild medicinal plants management, little is known about the effects of non‐commercial harvesting on the conservation status of medicinal plants.We explore the connection between the cultural importance (CI) of medicinal vascular plants traditionally used in Spain for self‐treatment and their availability, conservation and legal protection status, and discuss the implications of our results for sustainability. We focus on Spain, located in one of the world's 25 biodiversity hotspots and the most diverse country in Europe regarding vascular plants (7071 species, 1357 endemic), while also being culturally and linguistically diverse.Spain has a rich body of traditional knowledge referring to wild medicinal plants, with 1376 species with medicinal uses, which represents nearly a fourth (22%) of the total autochthonous vascular flora of the country (16% endemic). Species CI is positively correlated with abundance (ρ = 0.466) and occupancy area (ρ = 0.495). Only 8% of the wild medicinal plants traditionally used in Spain have an endangered conservation status and just 6% are fully or largely affected by protection measures. Most species used for self‐treatment in Spain are common, highly available and not threatened. This suggests that domestic use alone does not result in overexploitation and that traditional knowledge systems of plant management might ensure their sustainability.Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Red cell transfusions in children with thalassemia: Outcomes of a10 mL/kg/h infusion rate
Authors: Fritch Lilla Stephanie , Goldstein Amy , Hart Nicole , Hooke Casey 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChildren with transfusion‐dependent thalassemia have an impaired ability to synthesize alpha or beta globin, which results in anemia. Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions are required to increase hemoglobin, which supports appropriate growth and development. PRBC transfusions must be completed within 4 h; however, infusion rates vary across institutions. Our institution infuses PRBCs up to 10 mL/kg/h. A descriptive study of 21 children who received a total of 276 transfusions during 2021 demonstrated that this rate is safe and well tolerated. Shorter transfusion times support patients’ and families’ time, resources, and quality of life and aptly utilize institutional resources.
Discovery of strigol synthase from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): The enzyme behind the first identified germination stimulant for Striga
Authors: Wakabayashi Takatoshi , Nakayama Megumi , Kitano Yurie , Homma Masato , Miura Kenji , Takikawa Hirosato , Mizutani Masaharu , Sugimoto Yukihiro 
Published: August 2023

Societal Impact StatementParasitic witchweeds (Striga species) pose a serious threat to food security in Africa, attacking cereal grains and legumes. Chemicals released from the host roots that initiate the life cycle of Striga are known as germination stimulants, predominantly strigolactones (SLs). Strigol, the first identified SL, was isolated from the root exudates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), a false host of Striga, over 50 years ago. The identification of strigol synthase in cotton establishes the complete biosynthesis pathway of this emblematic SL. This discovery has the potential to advance our understanding of SL‐mediated rhizosphere interactions and enhance cotton's effectiveness as a trap crop.