bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of inflammation and oxidative stress genes in retinal detachment patients with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Lumi Xhevat , Confalonieri Filippo , Ravnik‐Glavač Metka , Goričar Katja , Blagus Tanja , Dolžan Vita , Petrovski Goran , Hawlina Marko , Glavač Damjan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the associations of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress among patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Methods: 192 patients with primary RRD who underwent 3‐port pars plana vitrectomy were included; 112 patients developed PVR grade C1 or higher within 3 months from surgery (enrolled as PVR cases), and 80 patients did not develop PVR (enrolled as controls). Genotyping was performed for 9 SNPs with known or predicted functional effects across 7 genes important in antioxidant and inflammatory pathways. SOD2 (rs4880), CAT (rs1001179), GPX1 (rs1050450), IL1B (rs1143623, rs16944, rs1071676), MIR146A (rs2910164), IL6 (rs1800795) and TNF (rs1800629) were genotyped using a fluorescent‐based, competitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP, LGC Genomics, Hoddesdon, UK). For quality control, 10% of the samples were genotyped in duplicate, and all results were concordant.Results: Comparing the genotype frequencies between patients with or without PVR grade C1 or higher, 2 SNPs were found to be statistically significant: (1) SOD2 rs4880 (TT) (p‐value = 0.046; after adjustment = 0.021), as well as CC + TT (p‐value before and after adjustment = 0.05); and (2) IL1B rs1071676 (GC) (p‐value = 0.056; after adjustment = 0.034).Conclusions: Our data reveal association between polymorphisms in SOD2 and ILB1B and PVR. Further studies, in particular, expanded multicentric population‐based studies, would be necessary to elucidate the role of these findings in PVR development.
Decreasing laquer cracks in high myopie: A case series
Authors: Jonas Rahul , Wei C. C. , Jost Jonas , Wang Yaxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Axial Elongation in myopic eyes may be caused by growth of Bruch's membrane along the equator of the eye. This may lead to a change in the eye morphology and may put pressure on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and on BM at the posterior pole of the eye. To relieve the pressure congregating on the posterior pole, an increase in Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) and laquer cracks (LCs) may form. The BMO may develop an enlargement of the parapillary gamma zone (PGZ) defined as a parapapillary region free of BM. Previous studies concluded that an enlargement of PGZ correlates with less disruptions of BM or RPE as in LCs or macular BM defects at the posterior pole. This case series examines three individuals with highly myopic eyes during a 10‐year follow‐up with disappearances of LCs.Methods: Funduscopy and OCT imaging were used to determine LC occurrence and change in a 10‐year follow‐up study.Results: The patients were examined in 2001 and 2011. The age of the patients was at the initial exam 45, 63 and 69 years. The axial length was 23.17 and 27.66 mm. The refractive error was between −7.38 diopters and − 17.13dpt. The patients showed initially in 2001 a LC and a vertically oval optic disc head. After re‐examination in 2011 the LC was not visible in funduscopy or optical coherence tomography.Conclusions: The findings suggest that LCs can decrease in width and severity.
Pseudo‐double anterior chamber following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with type 2 bubble formation
Authors: Khanderia Neha , Onrubia Luis Garcia , Bhogal Mani 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the clinical features and natural history of pseudo‐double anterior chamber (DAC) after Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK) in cases with Type 2 bubbles.Methods: An observational case series of three patients with Type 2 bubbles. All patients had advanced keratoconus and underwent DALK with a ‘big bubble’ technique. A cohesive ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) was used to maintain separation between the posterior stroma and Descemet's Membrane (DM). A small optical window (5 mm) was created in the centre of the posterior stroma to reduce the risk of perforation. No perforations were observed intraoperatively. Patients were followed up for 1 year with serial anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).Results: A characteristic pattern of DM detachment was observed postoperatively on AS‐OCT. Separation was maximal in the periphery and minimal in the centre under the optical window, creating a ‘W' sign. Despite separation between the posterior stroma and DM, stromal deturgescence continued at a normal rate with a return to normal central corneal thickness in 1 month. Complete reattachment of the DM, with resolution of the ‘W' sign, was seen by 6 months in all cases.Conclusions: Pseudo‐DAC following DALK appears to result from retained OVD in the interface between the DM and stroma. This phenomenon is distinctly different from a classical DAC, which results from a perforation in DM. The pseudo‐DAC does not result in corneal oedema and stromal thickening and restoration of corneal clarity occurs without apposition of the DM. Use of a small optical window and OVD cushion in cases of type 2 bubble is a useful technique to prevent intraoperative perforation. Small amounts of retained OVD will spontaneously resorb. We believe excessive irrigation and aspiration in the space between the DM and the posterior stroma, in an effort to remove all OVD, may risk perforation of DM and this case series suggests it is unnecessary.
Idiopathic macular hole surgery using inverted temporal internal limiting membrane flap technique
Authors: Ham Don Il 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the anatomic success rate of single‐layered, inverted temporal internal limiting membrane flap (ITF) cover technique for idiopathic macular hole (MH) surgery.Methods: Clinical records of idiopathic MH patients who underwent surgery using ITF technique. Two techniques were used. Group A had circular internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and ITF surgery. Group B had hemicircular ILM peeling and ITF surgery. Postop closure of MH was examined by optical coherence tomography.Results: Group A included 18 eyes and Group B included 42 eyes. Immediate postop closure of MH was observed in 83.3% (50 eye); 88.9% (16 eyes) in Group A and 81% (34 eyes) in Group B. Anatomic success rate of large MH was 88.9% (24/27 eyes). Among 10 eyes showing persistent MH after the surgery, 6 eyes had additional intravitreal gas injection treatment and MHs were closed. MHs in other 4 eyes were also closed after the second surgery. In two eyes, ITF flipped back to the original position was observed during the surgery, and reinverting the previous flap induced MH closure.Conclusions: Single‐layered ITF cover technique showed high anatomic success rate in idiopathic MH surgery. However, more attention is needed to prevent the flap flipping.References1. Michalewska Z, et al. Temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique versus classic inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique: a Comparative Study. Retina. 2015;35 (9):1844–1850.2. Silva N, et al. Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique: Is it the best option for macular holes? Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:3295–3303.
Agreement between anterior segment swept source‐OCT and Scheimpflug imaging corneal aberration measurements in healthy eyes
Authors: Bartolomé Francisco Pérez , Gonzalez Rocío Vega , Nieves Jorge Peraza , Moreno Jose María Ruiz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess agreement between corneal aberration measurements made through swept‐source optical coherence tomography using a new anterior segment imaging device (Anterion) and a Scheimpflug imaging device (Pentacam HR) in healthy subjects.Methods: Cross‐sectional study. In 50 eyes of 50 healthy subjects, 14 aberration parameters (7 across the anterior corneal surface and 7 across the total surface) were measured in 4 mm and 6 mm optic zones using each device: oblique trefoil (Z3_‐3), vertical coma (Z3_‐1), horizontal coma (Z3_1), horizontal trefoil (Z3_3), spherical aberration (Z4_0), root mean square (RMS) lower order aberrations (LOA) and RMS higher order aberrations (HOA). Data for the two devices were compared through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), paired t tests, limits of agreement (LoA) and Bland Altman plots.Results: Vertical coma was the only corneal aberration parameter that consistently showed excellent agreement (ICC > 0.8, mean difference −0.019, LoA −0.165 to 0.126). Good agreement (ICC = 0.75) between the devices was observed for RMS HOA, but this was slightly worse in the 6 mm optical zone (ICC = 0.667 for anterior RMS HOA). No over‐ or underestimation trend by one or other device was noted. Agreement was poor to moderate for the rest of the corneal parameters (ICC 0.2–0.7).Conclusions: Despite good agreement overall for vertical coma and RMS HOA values, agreement for the remaining corneal aberration measurements was poor to moderate. As mean differences in our sample were overall small, in normal eyes these devices could be clinically judged as interchangeable.
Glaucoma management in pregnancy, how safe glaucoma medication are?
Authors: Aljasim Leyla Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: does the use of glaucoma medication during pregnancy can affect the outcome of pregnancy.Methods: Multicenter descriptive survey, for female patients age 18–45, who got pregnant while suffer from glaucoma. Charts reviewed for diagnosis, glaucoma severity, and race. Survey questions; they were asked for each pregnancy happened while they suffered from glaucoma about, pregnancy age, medications used, and patient‐reported pregnancy outcomes and complications. Main Outcome Measures: were patient‐reported and included pregnancy result; childbirth, miscarriage, stillbirth, therapeutic abortion (TAB)], method of delivery, occurrence of preterm labor, and other patient‐reported complications.Results: 114 pregnancies of 56 patients (mean 2.0 pregnancies per patient) were included. Three pregnancies with ended with TAB were excluded from further analysis. Mean age during pregnancy was 29.1 ± 5.7 years. Of the 111 pregnancies, 20 (18.0%) used no medications, 28 used one medication (25.2%), 38 used two (34.2%), 20 used three (18.0%), and 5 used four (4.5%). Medications used were topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs; n = 45), beta‐blockers (BB; n = 55), alpha‐agonists (AA; n = 56), and prostaglandin analogues (PGA; n = 28). Outcome rates in the overall cohort were: pre‐term contractions/labor in 6.3%, miscarriage (pregnancy loss ≤20 weeks) in 4.5%, stillbirth (pregnancy loss >20 weeks) in 4.5%, induction of labor for vaginal delivery in 11.9%, emergency caesarean delivery in 13.9%, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay in 15.8%, congenital anomalies in 8.1%, and low birth weight in 10.9%. Fisher exact test was performed to assess associations of complications with individual agents, use of any agent, and different number of agents. AA use was associated with NICU stay, with a rate of 25.5% in the AA group, and most of the AA use NICU stays occurred in pregnancies with third trimester AA use. All other associations were not statistically significant.Conclusions: This survey suggests an overall favourable safety profile for topical glaucoma medications in pregnancy. So, glaucoma medications can be used during pregnancy, but caution should be employed regarding third trimester AA use owing to an association with NICU stay.
numerical evaluation of intraocular lens decentration
Authors: Espert Anabel Martínez , Montagud‐Martínez Diego , Ferrando Vicente , García‐Delpech Salvador 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Numerical evaluation of the performance under decentering of an extended depth of focus (EDOF) bisegmented design intraocular lens (IOL).Methods: The optical assessment of The FEMTIS Comfort EDOF‐IOL was evaluated with a ray tracing software using the Atchison model eye (Atchison 2006). Under monochromatic illumination (555 nm) and 4.50 mm pupil, the Modulation Transfer Functions (MTFs) were calculated at the vergences range + 0.50 D to −2.50 D in both tangential and sagittal directions. They were calculated for IOL displacements of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mm in the horizontal and vertical direction. The area under the MTFs (AMTFs) was calculated as the tangential and sagittal MTFs average for frequencies between 0 and 50 cycles/mm.Results: AMTF of the IOL has an EDOF profile. When it is decentered horizontally, the AMTF does not differ significantly from the AMTF of the centered IOL. But if it is decentered vertically the AMTF varies. This is due to the bisegmented design of the IOL.Conclusions: After surgery, decentration may occur due to posterior capsule opacification, capsule fibrosis, etc. (Ashena et al. 2020). Due to its design, this IOL is robust against horizontal decentration, but not for vertical decentration. D.M.‐M. acknowledges the Margarita Salas grant from the Ministerio de Universidades, Spain, funded by the European Union‐Next Generation EU.References1. Ashena Z, Maqsood S, Ahmed SN, Nanavaty MA. (2020): Effect of Intraocular Lens Tilt and Decentration on Visual Acuity, Dysphotopsia and Wavefront Aberrations. Vision 4(3): 41.2. Atchison DA. (2006): Optical models for human myopic eyes. Vision research 46(14): 2236–2250.
LINE‐1 insertion in the RP1 gene in a family with retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Backlund Michael , Repo Pauliina , Sankila Eeva‐Marja , Paavo Maarjaliis , Wartiovaara Kirmo , Turunen Joni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: A family, with dominantly inherited retinal dystrophy in three generations, was negative for alterations in known causative genes upon initial analysis. We aimed to identify the causative pathogenic germline variant.Methods: Two of the six affected members were treated in the Helsinki University Hospital. The patients were subjected to clinical examination and retinal imaging, and the DNA samples to exome sequencing. The variants were called from the sequencing reads using Illumina DRAGEN™ Bio‐IT Platform. The identified pathogenic variant was visualized using Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) and confirmed by PCR and Oxford nanopore adaptive sequencing.Results: Two of the family members had typical retinitis pigmentosa with narrowed visual fields, peripheral retinal bone spicules, and cystic or atrophic changes in the macula. DRAGEN™ identified a LINE‐1 insertion in exon 4 of RP1 from the index that was also found in the cousin upon closer IGV inspection. The 5′‐end of the LINE‐1 insertion was confirmed by PCR using primers targeting the LINE‐1 fragment and RP1 exon 4 upstream of the suspected insertion site. However, PCR amplification over the LINE‐1 insertion was unsuccessful, indicating a considerably larger insertion than the 54‐bases called by DRAGEN™. Thus, Oxford nanopore adaptive sequencing will be used to resolve the true size and the breakpoints of the insertion.Conclusions: We report here that the retinitis pigmentosa of previously unresolved origin is caused by insertion of LINE‐1 transposon in the RP1 gene. Furthermore, NGS variant‐calling algorithms do not always detect aberrations from moving elements.
Central serous chorioretinopathy complicated by neovascularization following panretinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Nouri Slim , Sassi Hela , Fehmy Nafaa , Hadrich Wafa , Cheour Monia , Meriem Ouederni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) complicated by neovascularization following panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for a proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods: A 51‐year‐old man, with a medical history of diabetes mellitus and chronic CSCR presented to our department for alteration of central vision of the left eye (LE) 6 months after bilateral PRP for proliferative DR. Complete ophthalmic examination with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), swept source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT), swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS‐OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICG‐A) were performed.Results: BCVA was 20/100 in the right eye (RE) and 20/400 in the LE. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable except for a cataract in the RE. Fundoscopic examination of the LE showed multiple areas of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alteration and a temporal pigment epithelium detachment (PED). FAF showed multiple hypoautofluorescent lesions associated with gravitational tracks. SS‐OCT revealed a serous retinal detachment, a flat irregular PED with a double layer sign overlying a thickened choroid and dilated choroidal vessels. Mid‐phase ICGA revealed 2 discrete areas of hyperfluorescence. SS‐OCTA confirmed the presence of 2 well‐defined choroidal neovascular membranes. The patient was diagnosed with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy (PNV). After 2 intravitreal bevacizumab injections, SS‐OCT showed complete resolution of the subretinal fluid whereas SS‐OCTA visualized a mature “dead‐tree” shaped membrane.Conclusions: This is an unusual case of chronic CSCR progressing to PNV following PRP for RD. The disruption of an active RPE pump mechanism or release of endogenous stress hormones after PRP have been suggested by some authors as possible causes of this progression. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact pathogenesis.
Myopic maculopathy and posterior staphyloma. Correlation with ATN classification and severe pathological myopia
Authors: Garcia‐Zamora Maria , Flores‐Moreno Ignacio , Ruiz‐Medrano Jorge , Puertas Mariluz , Almazan‐Alonso Elena , Vega‐Gonzalez Rocio , Ruiz‐Moreno Jose M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aims of this study were: (1) to correlate posterior staphyloma with the ATN classification; (2) identify differences in clinical characteristics in terms of axial length (AL), age and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with the presence and absence of posterior staphyloma; (3) correlate the presence of posterior staphyloma with severe pathological myopia.Methods: This was a cross‐sectional and observational study developed in consecutive patients with high myopia. A complete ophthalmological examination, classification of myopic maculopathy according to the ATN grading system, staphyloma classification according to Curtin, and multimodal imaging tests (retinography, swept‐source OCT, autofluorescence and OCT‐angiography) were performed.Results: 336 eyes of 178 patients with high myopia were included. 71.4% of the sample were woman. The mean AL was 29.7 ± 2.6 mm (26–36.7). The mean age was 62.7 ± 13.1 years (27–92). The BCVA was 0.5 ± 0.3 (0–1). 238 eyes (70.8%) presented staphyloma; classifying 73.5% (n = 175/238) as simple and 26.5% as compound (n = 63/238). The most frequent types of staphylomas were type 2 and type 3, both present in 18.1% of the total (n = 43/238). Eyes with staphyloma had higher AL, worse BCVA and older age (p < 0.01), with no differences between sexes (p > 0.05). When differentiating between eyes with simple staphyloma and compound staphyloma, statistically significant differences were observed with respect to AL (p < 0.01), being higher in compound staphylomas. The severe pathological myopia subgroup (LA > 29.5 mm) presented a higher incidence of posterior staphyloma, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.01). Regarding the ATN classification, when analysing the eyes with the presence and absence of staphyloma, statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed in the three components (atrophic [A], tractional [T] and neovascular [N]); having more advanced stages of A, T and N the eyes with staphyloma.Conclusions: Posterior staphyloma in highly myopic patients is a crucial finding in the progression of myopic maculopathy, being related to worse visual acuity, greater AL, older age and more advanced stages of the ATN classification. There is a higher prevalence of posterior staphyloma in eyes with severe pathological myopia.
Multilayered premacular haemorrhage associated with central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Cherif Faten , Meriem Ouederni , Zaienb Gharbi , Fehmy Nafaa , Cheour Monia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: We aimed to report a rare case of multilayered premacular haemorrhage complicating central retinal.vein occlusion (CRVO) and to describe its management and follow‐up.Methods: An observational case report of a 38‐year‐old man with no medical history who presented with sudden loss of vision in his left eye (LE) 4 days ago. The patient underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, fluorescein angiography (FA) and swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT).Results: Ophthalmologic examination of the right eye (RE) was unremarkable with a best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20. In the LE, BCVA was limited to light perception (LP), intraocular pressure was 12 mmHg and anterior segment showed no abnormalities. Ophthalmoscopy showed dilated veins, multiple flame haemorrhages and a large dome‐shaped premacular haemorrhage with a double‐ring sign. SS‐OCT revealed a dome shaped clotted haemorrhage surrounded by hyperreflective dots under the internal limiting membrane (ILM) corresponding to a multilayered sub‐ILM haemorrhage. On FA, we noticed a delay in venous filling time and no areas of capillary‐non perfusion. Systemic work‐up with glaucoma screening were unremarkable. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy and membranotomy of the ILM were performed. At one‐week follow‐up, there was evidence of the sub‐ILM and subhyaloid blood draining into the vitreous cavity. At 3 weeks following the laser treatment, persistence of clotted blood was noted. Pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling were performed. Two months post‐operatively, BCVA improved from LP to 20/25 with complete resolution of the haemorrhages on fundoscopy and SS‐OCT.Conclusions: Premacular haemorrhage associated with CRVO is a rare condition. SS‐OCT allows accurate diagnosis and non‐invasive follow‐up. Nd: YAG laser hyaloidotomy should be considered as the first line treatment. But if failed, vitrectomy with ILM peeling should not be delayed in order to avoid toxic damages to the retina.