bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutral‐based processes overrule niche‐based processes in shaping tropical montane orchid communities across spatial scales
Authors: Parra‐Sanchez Edicson , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Edwards David P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Tropical montane forests (TMF) are characterised by high endemism, species richness and turnover across elevations. A key question is how niche‐based processes, via adaptation of species to local environmental conditions, and neutral‐based processes from dispersal limitation shape community composition at different spatial scales across human‐modified landscapes. We expect that (1) communities are highly distinct even within the same habitat type and (2) niche‐based processes play the main role in compositional turnover.

To address these expectations, we investigated the compositional turnover of orchids, one of the most prominent floristic elements of TMFs. We sampled orchids in 332 plots spanning over 270 km in the eastern Colombian Andes. Plots ranged between elevations of 1160–3750 m. We used two different spatial extents (whole gradient and two elevational bands), two grains of analysis for the first expectation (regional and local) and two spatial grains for the second expectation (broad and fine scales based on Moran's Eigenvector Maps [MEMs]).

We found 331 orchid species in 171 (51%) plots. We found a strong pattern of high compositional turnover across scales (>72% of total beta diversity is given by species turnover), with 87.5% of the total species pool occurring in fewer than five plots, supporting our first expectation.

Contrary to our second expectation, we found that community composition is mainly driven by geographical distance, while the relative influence of elevation, environmental variables and their combined fractions were negligible across habitats and spatial scales, rejecting niche‐based processes.

Synthesis. High compositional turnover, even across habitats with the highest degree of human intervention, suggests that both forest‐dwelling and open‐habitat species do not easily disperse across habitats. Species dispersal is the major force of orchid community turnover and might be strongly dependent upon macroevolutionary processes and species life‐history traits over multiple scales. Dispersal limitation also draws attention to the importance of preserving habitat connectivity to halt biodiversity losses.
Right hemicolectomy for colon cancer: does the anastomotic configuration affect short‐term outcomes?
Authors: Rajagopalan Ashray , Centauri Suellyn , Antoniou Ellathios , Arachchi Asiri , Tay Yeng Kwang , Chouhan Hanumant , Lim James Tow‐Hing , Nguyen Thang Chien , Narasimhan Vignesh , Teoh William M. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesRight hemicolectomy is a common colorectal operation for resection of cancers of the right colon. The ileocolic anastomosis may be created using a stapled end‐to‐side, stapled side‐to‐side or handsewn technique. Anastomotic leak and post‐operative bleeding are uncommon but serious causes of morbidity and mortality, while post‐operative ileus contributes to prolonged length of stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in short‐term outcomes between different anastomotic configurations following right hemicolectomy for colon cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study using data from the Bowel Cancer Outcomes Registry (BCOR), including 94 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand, of all patients who underwent right hemicolectomy or extended right hemicolectomy for colon cancer with formation of a primary anastomosis between 2007 and 2021.ResultsWe included 8164 patients in the analysis. There was no significant difference in rates of anastomotic leak and anastomotic bleeding based on anastomotic technique. A stapled end‐to‐side anastomosis was associated with a lower rate of post‐operative ileus than stapled side‐to‐side anastomosis (6.5% vs. 7.2%; P = 0.03).ConclusionBoth handsewn and stapled anastomosis techniques may be utilized for oncologic right hemicolectomy, with comparable rates of anastomotic leak and post‐operative bleeding. Stapled end‐to‐side anastomosis resulted in lower rates of prolonged ileus compared to stapled side‐to‐side anastomoses.
Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants with moderate‐to‐severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
Authors: Branescu Irina , Shetty Sandeep , Richards Justin , Vladareanu Simona , Kulkarni Anay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo describe clinical characteristics of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with moderate to severe BPD (MSBPD) in premature infants born ≤32 weeks gestation.MethodsThis was a single centre retrospective cohort study, with reanalysis of echocardiographic studies for PH of infants born ≤32 weeks gestation with MSBPD admitted to a tertiary surgical neonatal service.ResultsIn total, 268 babies with MSBPD were included in the study. Incidence of BPD‐associated PH (BPD‐PH) was 12.6% (34), of which 41% infants were observed to have severe PH. On multivariate analysis, need for positive pressure respiratory support at 36 weeks post menstrual age (PMA) was independently associated with PH (p = 0.001; 95% CI 2–13.5) Presence of PH and severity of PH were associated with increased mortality. Of babies with MSBPD‐PH, 32% died before discharge from the neonatal unit.ConclusionBabies with MSBPD and PH are more likely to die before discharge from the neonatal unit. Need for positive pressure respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA is independently associated with PH. Babies with MSBPD with less than severe PH are also associated with increased mortality when compared to babies with MSBPD with no PH.
Stigma‐related barriers to participation in support groups for children: Social workers' experiences and destigmatizing strategies
Authors: Svensson Maria , Jönson Håkan , Johansson Susanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Sweden, preventive support groups for children exposed to domestic violence, substance abuse or mental illness are provided by local child protection services (CPS). The stigma of parental problems and contact with CPS are barriers to recruiting children. This article investigates how such barriers are experienced and handled by professional support group leaders. The empirical data is drawn from five group interviews with 16 professionals, recruited from a purposive sample of nine local authorities in Sweden. It is found that professionals experience stigma as a barrier to recruiting children, mainly the parents' shame but also their fear of CPS involvement. Professionals describe parents' problems on a ‘scale of shamefulness’, ranging from divorce to domestic violence, and the barriers vary in strength relative to the shamefulness of the problem. Parents are gatekeepers for their children's participation, so destigmatizing and shame‐reducing strategies, whether on the interpersonal, organizational or structural level, are called for to increase children's access. However, strategies targeting parental shame are not without their challenges and risks.
Public attitudes and intentions toward engaging in reintroduction of wolves to Japan
Authors: Sakurai Ryo , Tsunoda Hiroshi , Enari Hiroto , Stedman Richard C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReintroducing apex predators is an important approach in ecosystem restoration; however, it is challenging. Wolves (Canis lupus) were exterminated in Japan around 1900, and since then, there has been a lack of top predators throughout the country. Currently, the wild ungulate population is increasing, causing agricultural and forest damage. This has triggered an ongoing debate among researchers and nongovernmental organizations on whether wolves should be reintroduced to promote self‐regulating biodiverse ecosystems. We conducted a nationwide survey to examine public attitudes toward wolf reintroduction (WR) in Japan. We sent online questionnaires to 88,318 citizens across the country. Among the 12,028 respondents, excluding those with invalid or incomplete answers and unqualified respondents, we obtained and analyzed 7500 responses that were representative of Japanese citizens in terms of some key sociodemographic attributes. More respondents disagreed with WR (39.9%) than agreed (17.1%), and many respondents (43.0%) were undecided. Structural equation modeling revealed that risk perceptions affected public attitudes, implying that the greater the perceived threat of wolf attacks, the less likely people are to support WR. In contrast, attitudes toward wolves (e.g., “I like wolves.”) influenced by wildlife value orientation and beliefs about the ecological role of wolves (e.g., controlling deer populations) positively affected public attitudes toward WR. Those who had a positive attitude toward WR showed intentions to engage in behaviors that support WR. Our results suggest that the dissemination of information related to the ecological role of wolves and the development of a more mutualistic mindset in people could positively influence public support for WR in Japan.
Targeting Nrf2 signaling pathway by quercetin in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders: An overview and update on new developments
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Soltani Afsaneh , Khodarahmi Zahra , Alameri Ameer A. , Alwan Athemar M. R. , Ramírez‐Coronel Andrés Alexis , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Abosaooda Munther , Heidari Mahsa , Golmohammadi Maryam , Anoush Mahdieh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground: Neurological disorders (NLDs) are widely acknowledged as a significant public health concern worldwide. Stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are three of these disorders that have sparked major study attention. Neurological dysfunction, protein buildup, oxidation and neuronal injury, and aberrant mitochondria are all prevalent neuropathological hallmarks of these disorders. The signaling cascade of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) shares all of them as a common target. Several studies have found that overexpression of Nrf2 is a promising treatment method in NLDs. Effective treatment of these disorders continues to be a universal concern regardless of various medicines. In order to treat a variety of neurological problems, organic remedies may provide an alternative treatment. It has been demonstrated that polyphenols like quercetin (Que) offer considerable capabilities for treating NLDs. One of Que's greatest key targets, Nrf2, has the capacity to control the production of a number of cytoprotective enzymes that exhibit neuroprotective, detoxifying, and antioxidative effects. Additionally, Que enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and inhibited alterations in the shape and death of neurons in the hippocampus. Objective: In this review, we have focused on Que's medicinal prospects as a neuroprotective drug. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study. Results: The findings of this research demonstrate that (1) Que protected the blood‐brain barrier via stimulating Nrf2 in animal stroke, which alleviated ischemic reperfusion and motor dysfunction. (2) By triggering the Nrf2 pathway, Que reduced the neuroinflammation and oxidative damage brought on by TBI in the cortex. (3) In an experimental model of AD, Que enhanced cognitive function by decreasing A1‐4, antioxidant activity, and Nrf2 levels in the brain. Conclusion: We discuss recent research on Que‐mediated Nrf2 expression in the management of several NLDs in this paper.
Testing associations between human anxiety and genes previously implicated by mouse anxiety models
Authors: Brasher Maizy S. , Mize Travis J. , Thomas Aimee L. , Hoeffer Charles A. , Ehringer Marissa A. , Evans Luke M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating, with effective treatments remaining hampered by an incomplete understanding of the underlying genetic etiology. Improvements have been made in understanding the genetic influences on mouse behavioral models of anxiety, yet it is unclear the extent to which genes identified in these experimental systems contribute to genetic variation in human anxiety phenotypes. Leveraging new and existing large‐scale human genome‐wide association studies, we tested whether sets of genes previously identified in mouse anxiety‐like behavior studies contribute to a range of human anxiety disorders. When tested as individual genes, 13 mouse‐identified genes were associated with human anxiety phenotypes, suggesting an overlap of individual genes contributing to both mouse models of anxiety‐like behaviors and human anxiety traits. When genes were tested as sets, we did identify 14 significant associations between mouse gene sets and human anxiety, but the majority of gene sets showed no significant association with human anxiety phenotypes. These few significant associations indicate a need to identify and develop more translatable mouse models by identifying sets of genes that “match” between model systems and specific human phenotypes of interest. We suggest that continuing to develop improved behavioral paradigms and finer‐scale experimental data, for instance from individual neuronal subtypes or cell‐type‐specific expression data, is likely to improve our understanding of the genetic etiology and underlying functional changes in anxiety disorders.
Symbolic effects of representative bureaucracy in policing: An experimental replication in a Korean context
Authors: Pyo Sunyoung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study experimentally examines the effect of gender representation of a police organization responsible for handling domestic violence, and how this impacts Korean citizens' views toward the police. Findings show that male participants gave the highest ratings of legitimacy and fairness when the organization is equally represented by men and women, while gave low ratings of legitimacy and efficacy to the organization where women are over‐represented. This implies that achieving gender balance in job assignments helps ensure the effectiveness of representative bureaucracy. On the other hand, female participants rated organization with equal representation positively only when they also demonstrated a high level of active representation for female victims. Given heightened gender conflict within Korean policing, female citizens might try to maintain objectivity about female officers.
Feminist social movements and whistleblowing disclosures: Ireland's Women of Honour
Authors: Kenny Kate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFeminist social movements based on workers disclosing sexual harassment and sexual violence have had a dramatic impact on workplaces worldwide. But what are the specific dynamics shaping organizations founded on acts of disclosure? Organizational whistleblowing research has overlooked this topic, while literature on feminist social movements has not, to date, focused on whistleblowing disclosure as a shared experience prompting collective action. In this article I address these lacunae. I isolate disclosure‐based feminist movements (DFMs) as a specific, and important, organizational form, and I draw on relevant insights from whistleblowing theory to shed light on the dynamics therein. I find that first, DFMs are founded on a distinct kind of whistleblowing where members speak out about personally‐experienced embodied violence. Second, movements are galvanized through affective connections formed through the sharing of such experiences, and third, the perceived credibility of individual disclosures are uniquely enhanced through the salience emerging from collective speaking. Extant whistleblowing theory—and literature on feminist social movements—fails to account for organizations based upon embodied and collective experiences of disclosure. In this article a novel theoretical framing based on feminist theory is developed, emphasizing embodied, affective forms of parrhesia involving collective salience that counters whistleblower reprisal. Ideas are illustrated throughout with insights from an exemplar case within the worldwide military #MeToo movement: Ireland's Women of Honour. Contributions for scholarship on feminist social movements and organizational whistleblowing conclude the article alongside insights for practice.
Soil Water Movement and Groundwater Recharge Under Different Land Uses in a Flood‐Irrigated Area
Authors: Yang Lihu , Song Xianfang , Ma Yuxue , Gong Liang , Zhao Zhipeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe water shortage in agriculture area in China requires to reduce the consumption of excessive water in flood irrigation. Therefore, the dynamics of soil water regime is needed to investigate and water‐saving irrigation is necessary to alleviate water shortage. This study investigated the impact of flood irrigation on soil water movement and recharge to groundwater in the Yellow River irrigation area of Yinchuan Plain, China. Combining comprehensive field observation, stable isotopic techniques and water balance simulation, we described the soil water mechanism in vadose zone covered with bare soil in 2019 and planted with maize in 2020. The soil layers affected by precipitation infiltration and evaporation were mainly 0–50 cm, while the soil influenced by irrigation was the entire profile in the mode of piston flow. The maize root took up the soil water up to the depth of 100 cm during the tasseling period. The infiltration and capillary rise in 2020 were similar with those in 2019. However, the total deep percolation was 156.5 mm in 2020 which was about 50% of that in 2019 because of the maize root water uptake. The leakage of ditch water was the major recharge resource of groundwater for the fast water table rise. Precise irrigation is required to minimize deep percolation and leakage of ditch water and reduce excessive unproductive evapotranspiration. Therefore, understanding the soil water movement and groundwater recharge is critical for agricultural water management to improve irrigation efficiency and water use efficiency in arid regions.
Cation field‐strength effects on ion irradiation‐induced mechanical property changes of borosilicate glass structures
Authors: Lv Peng , Sun Zhao , Wang Fugang , Yu Yang , Yang Fan , Yue Shengjun , Edén Mattias , Chen Liang , Wang Tieshan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine the impact of the glass network‐modifier cation field strength (CFS) on ion irradiation‐induced mechanical property changes in borosilicate (BS) glasses for the ternary M2O–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Na, K, Rb} and the quaternary [0.5M(2)O–0.5Na2O]–B2O3–SiO2 systems with M = {Li, Na, K, Rb Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba}. 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments on the as‐prepared BS glasses yielded the fractional population of four‐coordinated B species (B[4]) out of all {B[3], B[4]} groups in the glass network, along with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages out of all B[4]–O–Si/B bonds. Both parameters correlated linearly with the (average) CFS of the M+ and/or {M(2)+, Na+} cations. Both the nanoindentation‐derived hardness and Young's modulus values of the glasses reduced upon their irradiation by Si2+ ions, with the property deterioration decreasing linearly with increasing Mz+ CFS, that is, for higher Mz+⋅⋅⋅O interaction strength. The irradiation damage of the glass network also increased linearly with the fraction of B[4]–O–Si linkages, which are the second weakest in the structure after the Mz+⋅⋅⋅O bonds. Our results underscore the advantages of employing BS glasses with high‐CFS cations for enhancing the radiation resistance for nuclear waste storage.
Effect of Ho‐Dy co‐doping on the electrical properties and reliability of BaTiO3‐based nanoceramics for Base Metal Electrode Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor
Authors: Xiao Mengjian , Zhen Yichao , Zhu Chaoqiong , Cheng Xu , Zhao Peiyao , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFine‐grained BaTiO3‐based ceramics with an average grain size of 120−140 nm were prepared by a chemical coating method. The effect of Ho‐Dy concentration on the microstructure, dielectric properties, and reliability of BaTiO3‐based nanoceramics was investigated. Results showed that appropriate doping contents of Ho and Dy provide the highest dielectric constant of 2323 at room temperature and the temperature stability satisfied EIA X7R specification. Higher doping concentration specimens exhibit lower dielectric constant but gentler temperature stability, indicating thicker grain shells. The failure time under the highly accelerated lifetime test increased along with the increase of Ho‐Dy and was consistent with the impedance analysis results. Doping elements are mainly distributed in grain shells, leading to an increase of resistance and activation energy. The compositions for the highest dielectric constant and best reliability were not the same, providing support for the composition design of dielectric layer material for different BME‐MLCC applications.
Structure evolution and electric‐field‐induced reversible transition in perovskite Na(Nb1−xTax)O3 ceramics
Authors: Tian Ye , Li Lei , Geng Jia , Shi Hongbin , Xu Yonghao , Shi Wenjing , Guo Xu , She Liaona , Jin Li , Ge Wanyin , Wei Xiaoyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNa(Nb1−xTax)O3 binary solid‐solution ceramics with high quality were fabricated by conventional solid‐state sintering routes for improving the electric(E)‐field‐induced irreversible polarization and transition behaviors of NaNbO3. The studied results confirm that this binary solid‐solution ceramics exhibit orthorhombic Pbcm space group companying with reduced unit‐cell volume at x ≤ 0.4, and orthorhombic Pbnm space group at x = 0.5. As the Ta5+ content increases in the binary solid‐solutions, the E‐field‐induced irreversible antiferroelectric → ferroelectric (AFE → FE) transition becomes reversible at x ≥ 0.2, giving rise to double‐polarization hysteresis; the key E‐fields triggering both irreversible and reversible transitions (EF) increase in general. In particular, the E‐field‐induced FE phase at x = 0.15 is unstable upon unloading E‐field to zero, which can return to AFE phase with time lapse. At x = 0.5, the Curie temperature (TC) of AFE shifts to below room temperature, but E‐field‐induced reversible transition is still observed, which results in a nonlinear polarization with the lowest hysteresis and contributes to the largest energy‐storage density. This transition is not due to the AFE ↔ FE transition but rather to the order ↔ disorder behavior of polar clusters or/and nanoregions within nonpolar Pbnm structure matrix.