bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of water supply distribution system: a case study of Muke Turi town, Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Negese Solomon Ayele , Kebede Habtamu Hailu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdequate and sustainable supply of potable water in urban areas of developing countries is often a challenge. This study assessed the performance of the water supply system in Muke Turi town, Oromia, Ethiopia. The Water Geospatial Engineering Modeling System (WaterGEMS) model was used for hydraulic analysis of the distribution network. The water losses were determined by different indicators including non-revenue water (NRW), losses per pipe connection (LPC), losses per main pipe length (LMPL), unavoidable annual real losses (UARL), and infrastructure leakage index (ILI). The water supply coverage of the town was found as 43.34%, which is considerably low. From the hydraulic analysis, the velocity of flow in 54.2% of the pipe and pressure at 60% of the nodes were found within the recommended ranges. The NRW was estimated at 37.61%, which is above the acceptable limit. Of which, the real losses are the major ones with 37.14%. Moreover, the LPC and LMPL were found to be 298 l/d and 29,709 l/km/d, respectively, which are again above the recommended limits. Based on ILI, the annual real losses were estimated to be 4.31 times the UARL. Finally, it was concluded that access to water in the town is inadequate which is exacerbated by high losses.
Methods for detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water: a review
Authors: Tambi Ashish , Brighu Urmila , Gupta A. B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Ensuring the microbiological safety of drinking water is of paramount importance to protect public health. Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, serve as key indicators of water contamination and the potential presence of harmful pathogens. Accurate and reliable detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water are essential for monitoring water quality and implementing appropriate interventions. This review article provides an overview of various traditional culture-based methods and rapid molecular methods employed for the analysis of coliforms in drinking water, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and advancements. Culture-based methods such as multiple-tube fermentation (most probable number) and membrane filtration techniques have long been used as standard methods for coliform detection. The emerging molecular-based approaches, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative PCR, and nucleic acid sequencing offer improved sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time. This comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, water quality professionals, and policymakers engaged in the detection and enumeration of coliform bacteria in drinking water. It offers an up-to-date understanding of different methods, their advancements, and the potential integration of novel technologies. By critically evaluating these approaches, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts toward ensuring safe drinking water for all.
Determining Distinct Suicide Attempts From Recurrent Electronic Health Record Codes: Classification Study
Authors: Bentley Kate H , Madsen Emily M , Song Eugene , Zhou Yu , Castro Victor , Lee Hyunjoon , Lee Younga H , Smoller Jordan W 
Published: September 2023

Background
Prior suicide attempts are a relatively strong risk factor for future suicide attempts. There is growing interest in using longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data to derive statistical risk prediction models for future suicide attempts and other suicidal behavior outcomes. However, model performance may be inflated by a largely unrecognized form of “data leakage” during model training: diagnostic codes for suicide attempt outcomes may refer to prior attempts that are also included in the model as predictors.

Objective
We aimed to develop an automated rule for determining when documented suicide attempt diagnostic codes identify distinct suicide attempt events.

Methods
From a large health care system’s EHR, we randomly sampled suicide attempt codes for 300 patients with at least one pair of suicide attempt codes documented at least one but no more than 90 days apart. Supervised chart reviewers assigned the clinical settings (ie, emergency department [ED] versus non-ED), methods of suicide attempt, and intercode interval (number of days). The probability (or positive predictive value) that the second suicide attempt code in a given pair of codes referred to a distinct suicide attempt event from its preceding suicide attempt code was calculated by clinical setting, method, and intercode interval.

Results
Of 1015 code pairs reviewed, 835 (82.3%) were nonindependent (ie, the 2 codes referred to the same suicide attempt event). When the second code in a pair was documented in a clinical setting other than the ED, it represented a distinct suicide attempt 3.3% of the time. The more time elapsed between codes, the more likely the second code in a pair referred to a distinct suicide attempt event from its preceding code. Code pairs in which the second suicide attempt code was assigned in an ED at least 5 days after its preceding suicide attempt code had a positive predictive value of 0.90.

Conclusions
EHR-based suicide risk prediction models that include International Classification of Diseases codes for prior suicide attempts as a predictor may be highly susceptible to bias due to data leakage in model training. We derived a simple rule to distinguish codes that reflect new, independent suicide attempts: suicide attempt codes documented in an ED setting at least 5 days after a preceding suicide attempt code can be confidently treated as new events in EHR-based suicide risk prediction models. This rule has the potential to minimize upward bias in model performance when prior suicide attempts are included as predictors in EHR-based suicide risk prediction models.
Is Canadian Constitutional Law Canadian?
Authors: Newman Dwight 
Published: September 2023

In 2017, Anthea Roberts published an important book, Is International Law International?, in which she asked whether there was actually a unified approach to international law across international jurisdictions or whether approaches to international law differed significantly within different cultural and educational systems. She went further than asking that question but went on to amass significant evidence on educational profiles of academics in different countries, international law textbooks within different national contexts, and ultimately different and competing national traditions of international law. While I will certainly not here amass the same quantity of material in response to the question, I raise here a question inspired by hers, asking “Is Canadian Constitutional Law Canadian?”
To be clear, I ask that not in the sense of whether Canadian constitutional law is distinctive relative to the traditions of other states, such as the United Kingdom or United States, but rather whether Canadian constitutional law is unified at a pan Canadian level. Is there one patriated body of constitutional law across Canada, or are there sufficient indications as to raise questions about such a claim that would warrant further and more detailed investigation?
Whither Just Transition? A Case Study of Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM) Country Platform in Indonesia
Authors: Mulia Aldi Haydar , Wukirasih Sekarini , Suryadinata Widhi Hanantyo 
Published: September 2023

Without a coordinated and effective global energy transition action plan, numerous projects and aid given by the Global North states dominated today's energy transition scheme–particularly for many Global South states. One is Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM), which claims to actualise just transition through its platform recently launched in Indonesia. It promises to improve societal participation, address socio-economic issues, and gives its recipients an affordable and sustainable path to a just transition. The latter focuses on early coal retirement, which is rampant in Indonesia. Despite its relatively novel focus on just transition, ETM fails to live up to its "just" concept, once again resembling debt-heavy funding and a lack of holistic assessment of the funding's effects on the affected society. This paper aims to elaborate on such problematisation while questioning how foreign funding could help realise just transition in the Global South. A qualitative case study provides context for the just transition in Indonesia.Keywords: energy transition mechanism; just transition; Global North; Global South; Indonesia
Pengaruh Tipe Sistem Hidroponik dan Ukuran Wadah Nutrisi Terhadap Hasil Buah Tomat Ceri (Lycopersicum esculentum M.)
Authors: Pratiwi Disca Anggi , Triyono Sugeng , Rahmawati Winda , Haryanto Agus 
Published: September 2023

Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum M.) are a type of tomato that many people like because they taste sweet and are rich in vitamins. However, conventionally cherry tomatoes have not been widely cultivated in Indonesia because besides of susceptible to disease, cultivation techniques in open fields are not well understood by many farmers either. This research aims to determine the appropriate size of the nutrient jar and hydroponic system. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) which was arranged factorially with three replications. The first factor is the size of the nutrition jar which consists of 3 levels, namely 500 mL (P1), 1500 mL (P2), and 2500 mL (P3). The second factor was the type of hydroponic system consisting of Wick System (HW), Dry System (HD), and Floating System (HF). The results showed that the nutrient jar size had a positive effect on evapotranspiration, number of leaves, root length, number of flowers, fruit weight, and water content of the fruit. The hydroponic system significantly affected the number of flowers, root length, fruit weight, and in general the Wick System (HW) had better performance compared to the Dry system (HD) and the Floating system (HF). The interaction of the two treatment factors was not significant. The data showed that the 1500mL Wick System (P2HW) was the most optimum treatment, based on the parameters of evapotranspiration/consumption of nutrient (2.6-3 liters), number of leaves 17 leaves), root length (23.4-25.1 cm), and fruit weight (14.1-15.22 grams) as well. Keyword : Cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum M.), hydroponic, nutrient jar size. wick system
Lidocaine constant rate infusion improves the probability of survival in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions: 64 cases (2012–2021)
Authors: Huckins Gail L. , Tournade Chelsey , Patson Courtney , Sladky Kurt K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the survival to discharge rate of rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions treated with lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) and other factors associated with survival.

ANIMALS
Cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in rabbits (n = 56, including 64 events) that had presented to a veterinary teaching hospital from 2012 to 2021.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study in which data on rabbits with evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction were extracted from veterinary teaching hospital medical records over a 9-year period. Systemic lidocaine treatment, breed, sex, age, temperature at presentation, blood glucose at presentation, and time to discharge or death were evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction.

RESULTS
Comparatively, 89.7% of rabbits treated with lidocaine CRI (n = 39) survived to hospital discharge, while only 56% of rabbits that were not treated with lidocaine CRI (25) survived. In the final multivariate analysis, 2 factors were associated with survival to discharge: rabbits treated with systemic lidocaine and male rabbits had increased odds of survival compared to those not treated with systemic lidocaine and female rabbits, respectively.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results demonstrated that rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction and treated with a lidocaine CRI were more likely to survive compared to rabbits not treated with lidocaine CRI.
Diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions in 317 cats (356 eyes) appears overall safe and effective in decreasing progression of iris pigmentation
Authors: Fuchs Allison A. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , English Robert , Nadelstein Brad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel scoring system of feline pigmented iris lesions prior to utilization of diode laser ablation of progressive pigmented iris lesions and to retrospectively evaluate short- and long-term patient outcomes following transcorneal diode laser ablation.

ANIMALS
317 client-owned cats (356 eyes) were included.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Records of cats undergoing diode laser ablation from January 2000 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. A novel clinical grading system to describe severity of feline iris hyperpigmentation was developed. Recorded parameters included signalment, operated-upon eye, presurgical iris pigmentation score, intraocular pressure, visual status, postoperative complications, repeat laser surgery, patient status at last follow-up, time to death, and presumptive or known cause of death.

RESULTS
Complications included corneal ulceration (25/356 [7%]), glaucoma (18/356 [5%]), uveitis (4/356 [1.1%]), and corneal edema (3/356 [0.8%]). Enucleation was performed in 12 eyes due to blindness and secondary glaucoma. Repeat laser due to continued progression of pigment was performed in 18.5% of eyes. Two study patients were euthanized due to presumptive metastatic disease. Of the 250 cats for whom confirmation was available via phone call or medical records, 240 (96%) were alive at 1 year.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Diode laser ablation appears safe overall and may be effective in decreasing progression of feline iris pigmentation. Complication risks appear minimal.
Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of standardized capillary refill time in dogs is high following observer training
Authors: Claret Aina , Gelendi Stefania , Kuo Kendon , McMichael Maureen , Gerken Katherine , Liao Pen-Ting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess intraobserver and interobserver reliability of capillary refill time (CRT) measurement in dogs using a standardized technique after training.

ANIMALS
20 dogs presented to the emergency room.

METHODS
Dogs presented to the emergency room were prospectively recruited. Using a timing device and standardized technique, CRT was measured at the oral mucosa of the inner lip. Measurements were performed by 2 emergency and critical care residents (observer 1 [Ob1] and observer 2 [Ob2]) and repeated 3 times by each observer for each dog. CRT values and signalment were recorded. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were analyzed by calculation of the coefficient of variation (CV%), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and minimal detectable difference. Reliability was considered high if CV% was lower than 10% and ICC was between 0.9 and 1.

RESULTS
Median CRT for Ob1 was 1.22 seconds and for Ob2 was 1.19 seconds. Intraobserver reliability was high, evidenced by a median CV% of 6.2% (range, 1.0% to 18.6%) and 9.5% (range, 1.3% to 22.6%) and an ICC of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.98) for Ob1 and Ob2, respectively. Between observers, the CV% was 4.4% (range, 0.8% to 17.5%) and the ICC was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99), indicating high interobserver reliability. The minimal detectable differences for intraobserver and interobserver were 0.30 and 0.34 seconds, respectively.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The reported high reliability of CRT despite its subjective nature enhances its usefulness in daily practice. However, further research on the validity of CRT is warranted.
Global migration strategies: Albanian migration after 1990
Authors: Kiri Lindita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The migration is a form of mobility that is carried out in many ways, in different times and different distances. In the migration process, apart from the motives, the distance and the place are important. Today, thanks to traffic systems, the migration flows tend to become more and more massive and global. Also, the culture and economy in the globalization process is distributed widely, motivating even more international migration. On the other hand, human migration can contribute to economic and cultural globalization. The migratory movements have traditionally played a very important role in developing and distributing the population all over the world. But what are the causes, consequences and strategies of Albanian migration after 1990? The used methodology consists of analysis, synthesis and evaluation. The migration of Albanians has played an important role in demographic developments in Albania after 1990 and is one of the biggest problems of the country. In these conditions, it is imperative that in all the projects and strategies that were developed for Albania, to take into account the changes and effects that the migration process brings in different spatial ranges.
An Extended RFM Model for Customer Behaviour and Demographic Analysis in Retail Industry
Authors: Ho Thanh , Nguyen Suong , Nguyen Huong , Nguyen Ngoc , Man Dac-Sang , Le Thao-Giang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Customer segmentation has become one of the most innovative ways which help businesses adopt appropriate marketing campaigns and reach targeted customers. The RFM model and machine learning combination have been widely applied in various areas.

Motivations
With the rapid increase of transactional data, the RFM model can accurately segment customers and provide deeper insights into customers’ purchasing behaviour. However, the traditional RFM model is limited to 3 variables, Recency, Frequency and Monetary, without revealing segments based on demographic features. Meanwhile, the contribution of demographic characteristics to marketing strategies is extremely important.

Methods/Approach
The article proposed an extended RFMD model (D-Demographic) with a combination of behavioural and demographic variables. Customer segmentation can be performed effectively using the RFMD model, K-Means, and K-Prototype algorithms.

Results
The extended model is applied to the retail dataset, and the experimental result shows 5 clusters with different features. The effectiveness of the new model is measured by the Adjusted Rand Index and Adjusted Mutual Information. Furthermore, we use Cohort analysis to analyse customer retention rates and recommend marketing strategies for each segment.

Conclusions
According to the evaluation, the proposed RMFD model was deployed with stable results created by two clustering algorithms. Businesses can apply this model to deeply understand customer behaviour with their demographics and launch efficient campaigns.
Assessment of Tourism-Led Growth Risks in Resource-Rich Countries: Evidence from Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseyn Arzu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided important lessons in determining future development strategies for countries whose economies are largely dependent on natural resources. The following study was conducted to analyze the potential for tourism to contribute to economic growth and sustainability of economic development in countries rich in natural resources during the post-resource period. Using data from the Republic of Azerbaijan, a co-integrated regression model was used in the analyses. Findings showed that (1) tourism has a positive effect on economic growth and can play a role in ensuring its sustainability; (2) a decrease in revenues from tourism carries more risk for the economy than revenues from oil (coefficient of variation); (3) if an oil and gas country chooses a tourism-based development path in the post-oil and gas era, it may face very serious challenges (due to the fact that tourism sector is highly vulnerable to direct and indirect events); (4) dominance of the tourism sector in the economy carries more risk than dominance of the oil and gas sector.
However, combining two different approaches showed that choosing tourism as one of the priority sectors in the post-oil and gas era can reduce risks and will contribute more to the diversification of the economy.
ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВУЮЩАЯ ЖЕРТВА КАК ВИКТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН
Authors: Жмуров Дмитрий Витальевич 
Published: September 2023

Статья посвящена теме противодействующей жертвы. Под этим термином понимается тип пострадавшего, который сопротивляется насилию, дискриминации или другим формам нарушения своих прав, но при этом указанная активность способствует его виктимизации (ревиктимизации).
В статье дается авторское определение понятия «противодействующая жертва» и предложен ряд доводов в пользу изучения указанного типа жертвы. Проанализированы случаи, когда сопротивление пострадавшего может вызвать неблагоприятные для него последствия. Проведено разграничение дефиниций противодействующей и агрессивной жертв. На основании изучения виктимизации в киберсреде предложена классификация противодействующих жертв, предполагающая их деление на четыре группы: жертвы превенции, жертвы отмены, жертвы оппозиционного поведения и жертвы репрессивных побуждений.
Dynamics of social and economic development of the Yelets district of the Oryol province at the end of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries
Authors: Zhirov N. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction.The article discusses the features of economic development and economic development, as well as an analysis of socio-demographic changes in the Yelets district of the Oryol province in the chronological period under consideration. This county was part of the historical region of the former Belgorod line and was for a long time in the zone of the southern Russian frontier.Materials and methods.This work is the result of a study of statistical sources relating to the last quarter of the 18th – the first half of the 19th centuries. As the main sources, materials were taken from the “Economic Notes to the General Land Survey Plans” of the late 1780s and mid-1790s, “Economic cameral description of the Yelets district in 1832”, as well as information on the land statistics of the Yelets district for 1828-29 The methods of mathematical analysis and statistical processing have become the main ones when working with these sources.Results.The materials of the “Economic Notes to the General Land Survey Plans” and “Economic Cameral Description of the Yelets Uyezd” had a similar form, which made it possible to consider the dynamics of the economic development of the county in a unified way, as well as to catch the sociodemographic trends of the period under review. First of all, this concerned changes in the ratio of arable land, forest, pasture and meadow spaces in the region. In addition, the sources recorded the number of households and the population for certain categories of residents (odnodvortsy, owning and single-dwelling peasants, etc.) both for individual settlements and for the county as a whole.Conclusion. Economic development of the historical region of the Belgorod line within the territorial framework of the studied Yelets district of the Oryol province at the end of the 18th century. has not yet reached its logical conclusion. Enclaves of virgin land continued to be preserved, which were introduced into agricultural circulation only in the first third of the 19th century. During the period under study, a significant increase in the population was recorded, especially the share of the owner-owning peasantry increased. This contributed to the acceleration of the development of the local economy and the final transformation of the once frontier zone into the granary of the Russian Empire.