bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal Cord Injury Prevalence and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Ara Zeenat , Singh Alka , Raj Saloni , Walliullah Shah , Nath Srivastava Rajeshwar 
Published: February 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting neurological condition producing physical dependency, morbidity, psychological stress, and financial burden. During the last 30 years, its global prevalence has increased from 236 to 1298 cases per million populations. Two types of spinal cord injury are primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is mechanical damage to the cord itself whereas secondary injury results from one or more biochemical and cellular processes that are triggered by the primary lesion. In 1700 BC, in an Egyptian surgical papyrus, they describe the frustration of health care professionals in treating a severe spinal cord injury, the Papyrus reported spinal fractures as a “disease that should not be treated”. Most of these studies approach a patient with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in one of four manners: corrective surgery or a physical, biological, or pharmacological treatment method. Science is unraveling the mechanisms of cell protection and neuroregeneration, but clinically, we only provide supportive care for patients with spinal cord injuries. By combining these treatments, researchers attempt to enhance the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries. Advances in the last decade have allowed us to encourage the development of experimental studies in the field of spinal cord regeneration. The combination of several therapeutic strategies should, at a minimum, allow for partial functional recoveries for these patients, which could improve their quality of life. More studies were done on spinalized animals that indicate that most of these pharmacological agents may act on receptors present in the spinal cord, thus facilitate to produce coordinated locomotor movement, whereas some other drugs used to improve the neuropathological changes caused because of spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking.
Threshold Recognition Based on Non-Stationarity of Extreme Rainfall in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Suning , Zhou Zhaoqiang , Shi Haiyun 
Published: February 2023

Analyzing the hydrological sequence from the non-stationary characteristics can better understand the responses of changes in extreme rainfall to climate change. Taking the plain area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin (MLRYRB) as the study area, this study adopted a set of extreme rainfall indices and used the Bernaola-Galvan Segmentation Algorithm (BGSA) method to test the non-stationarity of extreme rainfall events. The General Pareto Distribution (GPD) was used to fit extreme rainfall and was calculated to select the optimal threshold of extreme rainfall. In addition, the cross-wavelet technique was used to explore the correlations of extreme rainfall with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) events. The results showed that: (1) extreme rainfall under different thresholds had different non-stationary characteristics; (2) the GPD distribution could well fit the extreme rainfall in the MLRYRB, and 40–60 mm was considered as the suitable optimal threshold by comparing the uncertainty of the return period; and (3) ENSO and WPSH had significant periodic effects on extreme rainfall in the MLRYRB. These findings highlighted the significance of non-stationary assumptions in hydrological frequency analysis, which were of great importance for hydrological forecasting and water conservancy project management.
Web-GIS based Dashboard for Real-Time Data Visualization & Analysis using Open Source Technologies
Authors: Lata Kusum , Sood Anil , Kaur Kawaldeep , Benipal Amanpreet Kaur , Pateriya Brijendra 
Published: February 2023

Real-time visualization is the requirement for immediacy of decision making, which tends to be role-based. Using maps to visualize data can enable quicker interpretation of complex geographical phenomena, identify patterns, and aid in planning, resource allocations for policy and decision making. In present study, an interactive Web GIS Dashboard is developed with the objectives to display the work progress of Department of Soil & Water Conservation. The data includes activities and schemes undergoing in the department which was validated and geo-tagged with district & block boundary. For real-time data visualization, the graphs for different year, activities and schemes are developed for number of beneficiaries and area benefitted in ha. Various filters i.e. Year, Scheme and District are provided for viewing map. Different levels of User Authentication are provided for uploading new data and updating data
Analysis of Urban Growth and Its Impact on Agriculture Land around the Chalisgaon City in Jalgaon District of Maharashtra, India: A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Approach
Authors: Patil Nilesh , Patil Vilas , Patil Sanjaykumar , Patil Bhavesh , Suryawanshi Arvind , Jadhav Kavita 
Published: February 2023

In India, the agricultural land has tremendously disintegrated which changed the land-use patterns. The agricultural land has declined continuously due to rapid urbanization in the country. In India, nearly 45% of the land cover comes under agriculture area, and 22% is under forest land, whereas this land was drastically decreasing day by day. The main aim of the study is to identify the urban growth along with the land use pattern of Chalisgaon city, situated in the Jalgaon district, of Maharashtra state. This is a comparative study from early 1990 to late 2020. The Landsat images have been used for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to identify the change in land use and land cover pattern. These images are processed and analyzed under GIS and maximum likelihood classification method. The Chalisgaon city covers a total of 1850 hectares area. In the last three decades, the total built-up area has increased from 556 hectares to 920 hectares. It is observed that, the urban expansion of the city is a major factor behind the declination the cultivational land area under study. In 1990 the agriculture area was about 1095 hectares that have been reduced to730 hectares in 2020. This study reveals the agricultural land gradually decreased due to encroachment of urban areas i.e., infrastructural, connectivity, population, and other related facilities.
Le narrateur mort au combat dans le roman de l’extrême contemporain (Ackerman, Meli, Miller)
Authors: Weinmann Frédéric 
Published: February 2023

L’article est consacré à trois romans revenant sur un conflit historique (l’invasion de la Sicile lors de l’unification italienne, les tensions sociales en Jamaïque au xxe siècle et la deuxième guerre d’Irak) dans la perspective d’un narrateur mort. Par-delà la parenté thématique, il s’agit surtout de mettre en évidence leurs similitudes dans le traitement du narrateur qui n’est plus, comme dans le roman réaliste, moderniste et postmoderne, conçu à l’image de l’homme, mais qu’on peut interpréter comme un « être de l’esprit » habitant une conscience individuelle ou collective. Ces trois exemples illustrent le tournant épistémologique et narratif qui s’est produit à l’aube du xxie siècle et qu’on est tenté de qualifier, en suivant la proposition d’Allan Kirby, de digimoderniste.
Barreras al uso de fórmulas de emprendimiento social en el spin-off y start-up. El caso de las cooperativas y sociedades laborales en España
Authors: Juliá Igual Juan Francisco , Palau Ramírez Felipe , Meliá Martí Elena , Corberá Martínez José 
Published: February 2023

En 2021 se presentó el Plan de Acción Europeo para la Economía Social en el que la Comisión viene trabajando junto a los representantes del sector y otros agentes sociales. Asimismo, la Unión Europea está desarrollando diferentes acciones que apuestan por el uso intensivo del conocimiento en las actividades económicas sin descuidar valores sociales como la sostenibilidad e igualdad de oportunidades, lo que aconseja aunar cambio tecnológico con progreso social, incrementando los procesos de emprendimiento basados en la economía social como soporte organizativo. Por otro lado, hay que ampliar la orientación que suele acompañar a las llamadas de las spin-off, start-up y EBT’s basadas en la generación, transferencia y explotación de conocimiento, hacia fórmulas que no se basen exclusivamente en el capital. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta contribución es identificar las barreras específicas que, además de las genéricas que suelen afectar a todo proceso de emprendimiento, también se presentan en el emprendimiento mediante spin-off o start-up con figuras propias de la economía social, como son las cooperativas y sociedades laborales.
Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy for Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Report of 6 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Thys Erika , Sasse Kent 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Urinary incontinence (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) are challenging manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) that have historically been treated with limited success. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has provided successful resolution of UI and FI in the general population and in patients with neurologic conditions, including MS. We report on 6 patients with MS-related incontinence treated successfully with SNM and review the literature.

METHODS
Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with MS seeking treatment for incontinence. Six patients were identified, and each is presented with follow-up assessment of the severity of UI or FI.

RESULTS
All 6 individuals with MS had severe incontinence that had been refractory to therapies that included medications and pelvic floor physical therapy. Five patients reported severe UI and 2 patients reported severe FI. Each patient was successfully treated with SNM, with large reductions of incontinence scores and improved quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS
In this case series, SNM was effective as a treatment for UI and FI among patients with MS. These findings confirm other published series that have reported the success of SNM in patients with MS with incontinence. Sacral neuromodulation should be considered as a potential treatment option for patients with MS and UI and/or FI.
Comparison of Chest Radiograph Captions Based on Natural Language Processing vs Completed by Radiologists
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Liu Mingqian , Zhang Lu , Wang Lingyun , Zhao Keke , Hu Shundong , Chen Xu , Xie Xueqian 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceArtificial intelligence (AI) can interpret abnormal signs in chest radiography (CXR) and generate captions, but a prospective study is needed to examine its practical value.ObjectiveTo prospectively compare natural language processing (NLP)-generated CXR captions and the diagnostic findings of radiologists.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter diagnostic study was conducted. The training data set included CXR images and reports retrospectively collected from February 1, 2014, to February 28, 2018. The retrospective test data set included consecutive images and reports from April 1 to July 31, 2019. The prospective test data set included consecutive images and reports from May 1 to September 30, 2021.ExposuresA bidirectional encoder representation from a transformers model was used to extract language entities and relationships from unstructured CXR reports to establish 23 labels of abnormal signs to train convolutional neural networks. The participants in the prospective test group were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 different caption generation models: a normal template, NLP-generated captions, and rule-based captions based on convolutional neural networks. For each case, a resident drafted the report based on the randomly assigned captions and an experienced radiologist finalized the report blinded to the original captions. A total of 21 residents and 19 radiologists were involved.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTime to write reports based on different caption generation models.ResultsThe training data set consisted of 74 082 cases (39 254 [53.0%] women; mean [SD] age, 50.0 [17.1] years). In the retrospective (n = 8126; 4345 [53.5%] women; mean [SD] age, 47.9 [15.9] years) and prospective (n = 5091; 2416 [47.5%] women; mean [SD] age, 45.1 [15.6] years) test data sets, the mean (SD) area under the curve of abnormal signs was 0.87 (0.11) in the retrospective data set and 0.84 (0.09) in the prospective data set. The residents’ mean (SD) reporting time using the NLP-generated model was 283 (37) seconds—significantly shorter than the normal template (347 [58] seconds; P &amp;lt; .001) and the rule-based model (296 [46] seconds; P &amp;lt; .001). The NLP-generated captions showed the highest similarity to the final reports with a mean (SD) bilingual evaluation understudy score of 0.69 (0.24)—significantly higher than the normal template (0.37 [0.09]; P &amp;lt; .001) and the rule-based model (0.57 [0.19]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study of NLP-generated CXR captions, prior information provided by NLP was associated with greater efficiency in the reporting process, while maintaining good consistency with the findings of radiologists.
Risk of Discharge to Lower-Quality Nursing Homes Among Hospitalized Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Authors: Kosar Cyrus M. , Mor Vincent , Werner Rachel M. , Rahman Momotazur 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceIndividuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) frequently require skilled nursing facility (SNF) care following hospitalization. Despite lower SNF incentives to care for the ADRD population, knowledge on how the quality of SNF care differs for those with vs without ADRD is limited.ObjectiveTo examine whether persons with ADRD are systematically admitted to lower-quality SNFs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional analysis of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, was conducted. Data analysis was performed from January 15 to May 30, 2022. Participants were discharged to a Medicare-certified SNF from a general acute hospital. Patients younger than 65 years, enrolled in Medicare Advantage, and with prior SNF or long-term nursing home use within 1 year of hospitalization were excluded.ExposuresThe quality level of all SNFs available at the patient’s discharge, measured using publicly reported 5-star staffing ratings. The 5-star ratings were grouped into 3 levels (1-2 stars [reference category, low-quality], 3 stars [average-quality], and 4-5 stars [high-quality]).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome was the SNF a patient entered among the possible SNF destinations available at discharge. Differences in the association between SNF quality and SNF entry for patients with and without ADRD were assessed using a conditional logit model, which simultaneously controls for differences in discharging hospital, residential neighborhood, and the other characteristics (eg, postacute care specialization) of all SNFs available at discharge.ResultsThe sample included 2 619 464 patients (mean [SD] age, 81.3 [8.6] years; 61% women; 87% were White; 8% were Black; 22% with ADRD). The probability of discharge to higher quality SNFs was lower for patients with ADRD. If the star rating of an SNF was high instead of low, the log-odds of being discharged to it increased by 0.31 for patients with ADRD and by 0.47 for those without ADRD (difference, −0.16; P &amp;lt; .001). The weaker association between quality and entry for patients with ADRD indicates that they are less likely to be discharged to high-quality SNFs.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that patients with ADRD are more likely to be discharged to lower-quality SNFs. Targeted reforms, such as ADRD-specific compensation adjustments, may be needed to improve access to better SNFs for patients with ADRD.
Financial Toxicity Among Patients With Breast Cancer Worldwide
Authors: Ehsan Anam N. , Wu Catherine A. , Minasian Alexandra , Singh Tavneet , Bass Michelle , Pace Lydia , Ibbotson Geoffrey C. , Bempong-Ahun Nefti , Pusic Andrea , Scott John W. , Mekary Rania A. , Ranganathan Kavitha 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceFinancial toxicity (FT) is the negative impact of cost of care on financial well-being. Patients with breast cancer are at risk for incurring high out-of-pocket costs given the long-term need for multidisciplinary care and expensive treatments.ObjectiveTo quantify the FT rate of patients with breast cancer and identify particularly vulnerable patient populations nationally and internationally.Data SourcesA systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Four databases—Embase, PubMed, Global Index Medicus, and Global Health (EBSCO)—were queried from inception to February 2021. Data analysis was performed from March to December 2022.Study SelectionA comprehensive database search was performed for full-text, English-language articles reporting FT among patients with breast cancer. Two independent reviewers conducted study screening and selection; 462 articles underwent full-text review.Data Extraction and SynthesisA standardized data extraction tool was developed and validated by 2 independent authors; study quality was also assessed. Variables assessed included race, income, insurance status, education status, employment, urban or rural status, and cancer stage and treatment. Pooled estimates of FT rates and their 95% CIs were obtained using the random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFT was the primary outcome and was evaluated using quantitative FT measures, including rate of patients experiencing FT, and qualitative FT measures, including patient-reported outcome measures or patient-reported severity and interviews. The rates of patients in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries who incurred FT according to out-of-pocket cost, income, or patient-reported impact of expenditures during breast cancer diagnosis and treatment were reported as a meta-analysis.ResultsOf the 11 086 articles retrieved, 34 were included in the study. Most studies were from high-income countries (24 studies), and the rest were from low- and middle-income countries (10 studies). The sample size of included studies ranged from 5 to 2445 people. There was significant heterogeneity in the definition of FT. FT rate was pooled from 18 articles. The pooled FT rate was 35.3% (95% CI, 27.3%-44.4%) in high-income countries and 78.8% (95% CI, 60.4%-90.0%) in low- and middle-income countries.Conclusions and RelevanceSubstantial FT is associated with breast cancer treatment worldwide. Although the FT rate was higher in low- and middle-income countries, more than 30% of patients in high-income countries also incurred FT. Policies designed to offset the burden of direct medical and nonmedical costs are required to improve the financial health of vulnerable patients with breast cancer.
Using iconic hand gestures in teaching a year 8 science lesson
Authors: Bentley Brendan , Walters Kylie , Yates Gregory C. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdvances in embodied learning and the use of gesture has gained greater interest amongst educators and researchers in recent years. The emerging evidence supporting the use of physical enactment rather than just auditory modes of instruction remains unresolved. This paper investigates the pedagogical methods used by a science teacher instructing a year 8 science class. One class was taught via the practitioner's usual and standard methods. The second class were taught similarly but were exposed to a set of scripted iconic hand gestures. The study utilised the theoretical underpinnings of Evolutionary Educational Psychology and recent insights of Cognitive Load Theory to measure student cognitive load on learning and achievement. The research findings suggest students who were exposed to teaching using iconic hand gestures scored more highly on achievement and rated the test items as relatively less difficult compared to those taught using traditional methods.
Uptake and Spending on Biosimilar Infliximab and Etanercept After New Start and Switching Policies in Canada: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: McClean Alison R. , Cheng Lucy , Bansback Nick , Clement Fiona , Tadrous Mina , Harrison Mark , Law Michael R. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveUptake of biosimilars has been suboptimal in North America. This study was undertaken to quantify the impact of various policy interventions (namely, new start and switching policies) on uptake and spending on biosimilar infliximab and etanercept in British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe used administrative claims data to identify BC residents ≥18 years of age with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and/or plaque psoriasis who qualified for public drug coverage from January 2013 to November 2020. Using interrupted time series analysis, we studied the change in proportion spent on and prescriptions dispensed of biosimilar infliximab and etanercept out of the total amount per agent after new start and biosimilar switching policies were implemented.ResultsOur study included 208,984 individuals living with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, plaque psoriasis, and/or psoriatic arthritis, corresponding to 5,884 patients taking infliximab and etanercept. After the new start policy, we detected a small gradual increase in the proportion of dispensed biosimilar etanercept prescriptions of 0.65% per month (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.44, 0.85). The trend related to the proportion of total spending on biosimilar etanercept also increased (0.51% [95% CI 0.28, 0.73]). After the switching policy, there was a sustained increase in the proportion of dispensed biosimilar etanercept and infliximab prescriptions of 76.98% (95% CI 75.56, 78.41) and 58.43% (95% CI 52.11, 64.75), respectively. Similarly, there was a persistent increase in monthly spending on biosimilar etanercept and infliximab of 78.22% (95% CI 76.65, 79.79) and 71.23% (95% CI 66.82, 75.65), respectively.ConclusionWe found that mandatory switching policies were much more effective than new starting policies for increasing the use of biosimilar medications.
Single‐Component 0D Metal–Organic Halides with Color‐Variable Long‐Afterglow toward Multi‐Level Information Security and White‐Light LED
Authors: Chen Tianhong , Ma Yu‐Juan , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe optical anti‐counterfeiting science and technology are currently restricted by the limited information loading capacity, and thus development of multi‐level and high‐security systems is urgently needed but still challenging. Herein, anti‐counterfeiting design strategies (including ASCII/5D codes and dynamic information storage) are reported by incorporation of abundant multi‐central luminescence and time‐resolved, excitation‐dependent ultralong phosphorescence. Self‐assembly of new single‐component 0D organic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) are facilely achieved, which exhibit divisible ultralong all‐phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and single‐molecule white‐light emission, as proved by experiments and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, combing advantages of both inorganic cluster and π‐conjugation in OIMHs, the time‐dependent afterglow affords color‐variable emission in a wide wavelength range larger than 100 nm, providing extra color‐time dimensions for information encryption compared to traditional single‐color fluorescent anti‐counterfeiting. Moreover, white light‐emitting diode device is further developed to show high lighting ability for the single‐component OIMH. Therefore, this study paves an effective way to fabricate cluster‐based single‐component hybrids by equipping different emitters to confer diverse photoluminescence manners and satisfy down‐to‐earth application requirements.