bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis process for boron nitride fiber derived from tris(methylamino)borane: Evolution of the molecular structure
Authors: Wang Zhiguang , Ge Min , Qi Xueli , Yu Shouquan , Zhang Hao , Li Ru , Lan Hao , Zhang Weigang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo provide molecular‐scale insight into the structural evolution from tris(methylamino)borane to boron nitride (BN) fiber during the chemical thermal‐treating process, polymeric green fiber is cured in hot synthetic air at 300°C and then treats to 400, 600, 800, and 1000°C in ammonia. The chemical composition and structure of the volatile compounds and residual products are analyzed during the pyrolysis process for the polymeric green fiber. It is demonstrated that oxygen can be used to cure polymeric green fiber rapidly under the premise of ensuring a final fiber content of less than 1 wt% carbon and 2 wt% oxygen while maintaining the fiber tensile strength at 1000°C. The molecular structure evolution during the pyrolysis process for polymeric green fiber after oxygen curing is determined. Specifically, in hot synthetic air, introducing oxygen and releasing methylamine generates a B–O six‐membered ring structure in the polymer in the first stage. Then, the removal of methyl results in the formation of a B–N–O network in hot ammonia. Afterward, nitridation of the B–O six‐membered ring promotes the evolution of the B–N six‐membered ring structure with the release of water and carbon dioxide. Finally, the growth and rearrangement of the BN structure are achieved.
One‐year follow‐up of hospital nurses' work experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Ménard A. Dana , Soucie Kendall , Ralph Jody , Chang Yiu‐Yin , Morassutti Olivia , Foulon Alanna , Jones Madison , Desjardins Lauren , Freeman Laurie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo follow up on the experiences of Registered Nurses (RNs) working after 1 year of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canadian and American hospitals.DesignSemi‐structured interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analysed through a reflexive thematic analysis (RTA).MethodsRNs (n = 19) first interviewed in the spring of 2020 were re‐interviewed 1 year after their original interviews (May 25, 2021–June 25, 2021). Participants consisted of nurses residing in Canada and working in Ontario (n = 12) or American hospitals (n = 7), i.e., both local and cross‐border nurses.ResultsFive themes were identified: (1) “You call us heroes, but you forgot us”: Nurses described experiences of disrespect and stigma from their communities, their government, and their workplaces. (2) “A whole new level of busy”: Nurses reported stressors both at home and at work that had increased exponentially throughout the pandemic. (3) “Running on empty”: Nurses described burnout and mental health struggles including depression, irritation, and suicidal ideation; they coped using both adaptive and maladaptive strategies. (4) “The job of nursing is painful”: Ongoing pandemic issues led nurses to re‐evaluate their commitments to their units, their hospitals and the profession itself. (5) “Surviving an un‐survivable day”: Nurses shared positive moments at work and home that helped give them the strength to carry on.ConclusionSignificant investments will be required from hospital organizations and governments to ensure that healthcare systems continue to function safely for patients, their families and nurses.ImpactThe purpose of this study was to understand and describe nurses' experiences after 1 year of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nurses reported feeling disrespected, overwhelmed, and burned out; many were looking to leave the profession. These findings will be of interest to nurses working on the frontline of the pandemic as well as hospital managers and policy makers.No patient or public contributionIn this investigation, nurses were the participants.
Progesterone levels associated with proteinuria in male diabetes mellitus patients: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Liu Chuanfeng , Huang Yajing , Liu Yuzhao , Xin Yu , Xu Lili , Zhou Ruizhi , Mu Zepeng , Junling Yi , Wang Xiwen , Wang Yangang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe relationship between progesterone (P) and diabetic nephropathy (DKD) is unclear. Herein, we investigated the relationship between progesterone and DKD in men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 3,556 male and postmenopausal female patients and obtained the dominance ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with progesterone by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potentially confounding variants.ResultsWe found that progesterone levels were significantly lower in the massive proteinuria and microproteinuria groups compared with the non‐DKD group for male patients. Also, microproteinuria and massive proteinuria prevalence were higher in the first (lowest) progesterone quartile than in the second to fourth quartiles. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the first (lowest) progesterone quartile group, the OR for the second to fourth quartiles in the male microproteinuria subgroup, were: Q2: 0.846 (95% CI: 0.581–1.233, P = 0.385); Q3: 0.667 (95% CI: 0.45–0988, P = 0.044); Q4: 0.597 (95% CI: 0.393–0.907, P = 0.016). In the male massive proteinuria subgroup, the OR for the third quartile group was 0.418 (95% CI: 0.201–0.867, P = 0.019). In contrast, no significant association was detected between progesterone and DKD prevalence in the female group.ConclusionsProgesterone levels were negatively associated with DKD incidence in hospitalized male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Functional ecology of planktonic ciliates: Measuring mortality rates in response to starvation
Authors: Weisse Thomas , Scheffel Ulrike , Stadler Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPopulation dynamics of aquatic ciliates are controlled “bottom‐up” via food supply and “top‐down” by grazing and parasitism. While intrinsic growth rates of ciliates under saturating food conditions have been studied in some detail, mortality rates induced by starvation have received little attention thus far. To this end, we examined the response of three algivorous freshwater ciliate species to starvation using three different optical methods. Two of these methods, i.e. ciliate mortality rates (δ) estimated from (i) numerical response experiments and (ii) the rate of decline (ROD) in cell numbers, investigated the response of the ciliate population using conventional light microscopy. The third method, imaging cytometry using a FlowCAM instrument, monitored single cells during the starvation experiment. Like light microscopy, the FlowCAM approach estimated δ based on ROD in the experimental containers. However, imaging cytometry also measured the relative cellular chlorophyll a content in the ciliates' food vacuoles as a proxy for the nutritional status of the cells. The linear decline of the cellular chl. a yielded an independent estimate of δ that was similar to δ calculated from ROD. Additionally, the FlowCAM measurements revealed a high degree of phenotypic plasticity of the ciliates when exposed to starvation.
Phylogenetic placement of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus identifies another case of sporocarpic fruiting in Discosea (Amoebozoa)
Authors: Tice Alexander K. , Spiegel Frederick W. , Brown Matthew W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtosteloid amoebae are a paraphyletic assemblage of amoeboid protists found exclusively in the eukaryotic assemblage Amoebozoa. These amoebae can facultatively form a dispersal structure known as a fruiting body, or more specifically, a sporocarp, from a single amoeboid cell. Sporocarps consist of one to a few spores atop a noncellular stalk. Protosteloid amoebae are known in two out of three well‐established major assemblages of Amoebozoa. Amoebae with a protosteloid life cycle are known in the major Amoebozoa lineages Discosea and Evosea but not in Tubulinea. To date, only one genus, which is monotypic, lacks sequence data and, therefore, remains phylogenetically homeless. To further clarify the evolutionary milieu of sporocarpic fruiting we used single‐cell transcriptomics to obtain data from individual sporocarps of isolates of the protosteloid amoeba Microglomus paxillus. Our phylogenomic analyses using 229 protein coding markers suggest that M. paxillus is a member of the Discosea lineage of Amoebozoa most closely related to Mycamoeba gemmipara. Due to the hypervariable nature of the SSU rRNA sequence we were unable to further resolve the phylogenetic position of M. paxillus in taxon rich datasets using only this marker. Regardless, our results widen the known distribution of sporocarpy in Discosea and stimulate the debate between a single or multiple origins of sporocarpic fruiting in Amoebozoa.
Detection of starch in minced chicken meat based on hyperspectral imaging technique and transfer learning
Authors: Yang Fengyi , Sun Jun , Cheng Jiehong , Fu Lvhui , Wang Simin , Xu Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to the quickly and nondestructively detect whether starch is adulterated in minced chicken meat, a novel method combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique with transfer learning was proposed in this study. First of all, hyperspectral images of minced chicken meat with different mass fractions of starch were collected and spectral information of the samples in the range of 400.89–1000.19 nm was extracted. Then, the hyperspectral data was preprocessed via continuous wavelet transform (CWT), which transformed the pixel‐level hyperspectral data into two‐dimensional spectrograms. Furthermore, classification model for identifying starch in minced chicken meat was constructed based on the GoogLeNet network pretrained on ImageNet data set. Finally, the support vector machine (SVM) model and the convolutional neural network (CNN) model without transfer learning were established for comparison. The results indicated that the model based on GoogLeNet network had a higher classification accuracy, up to 98.6%. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the detection of starch in minced chicken meat based on HSI technique and transfer learning.Practical applicationsThe identification of starch in the minced chicken meat is of particular significance for maintaining the market order and safeguarding the human health. An innovative method based on hyperspectral imaging technique and transfer learning to identify whether the minced chicken meat mixed with starch was proposed in this study. The method achieved quickly, nondestructively and accurately detection of starch in minced chicken meat.
Critical care nursing workforce in crisis: A discussion paper examining contributing factors, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and potential solutions
Authors: Vogt Katharina Sophie , Simms‐Ellis Ruth , Grange Angela , Griffiths Megan Elizabeth , Coleman Rebecca , Harrison Reema , Shearman Nathan , Horsfield Claire , Budworth Luke , Marran Jayne , Johnson Judith 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe critical care nursing workforce is in crisis, with one‐third of critical care nurses worldwide intending to leave their roles. This paper aimed to examine the problem from a wellbeing perspective, offering implications for research, and potential solutions for organisations.DesignDiscursive/Position paper.MethodThe discussion is based on the nursing and wellbeing literature. It is guided by the authors' collaborative expertise as both clinicians and researchers. Data were drawn from nursing and wellbeing peer‐reviewed literature, such as reviews and empirical studies, national surveys and government and thinktank publications/reports.ResultsCritical care nurses have been disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic with studies consistently showing critical care nurses to have the worst psychological outcomes on wellbeing measures, including depression, burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These findings are not only concerning for the mental wellbeing of critical care nurses, they also raise significant issues for healthcare systems/organisations: poor wellbeing, increased burnout and PTSD are directly linked with critical care nurses intending to leave the profession. Thus, the wellbeing of critical care nurses must urgently be supported. Resilience has been identified as a protective mechanism against the development of PTSD and burnout, thus offering evidence‐based interventions that address resilience and turnover have much to offer in tackling the workforce crisis. However, turnover data must be collected by studies evaluating resilience interventions, to further support their evidence base. Organisations cannot solely rely on the efficacy of these interventions to address their workforce crisis but must concomitantly engage in organisational change.ConclusionsWe conclude that critical care nurses are in urgent need of preventative, evidence‐based wellbeing interventions, and make suggestions for research and practice.
One‐year trajectories of self‐care behaviours and unplanned hospital readmissions among patients with heart failure: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Son Youn‐Jung , Jang Insil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the associations between longitudinal trajectories of self‐care behaviours and unplanned hospital readmissions in patients with heart failure.BackgroundAdherence to self‐care behaviours is crucial to prevent hospital readmissions; however, self‐care behaviours remain unsatisfactory among patients with heart failure. Studies of long‐term trajectories of self‐care behaviours and their influence on hospital readmissions are limited in this population.DesignA prospective, longitudinal observational study.MethodsAmong 137 participants with heart failure (mean age 67.36 years, 62% men), we analysed the 1‐year follow‐up data to determine the association between 1‐year trajectories of self‐care behaviours and hospital readmissions using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression, adjusted for confounding variables.ResultsSelf‐care behaviour trajectories of heart failure patients were classified as ‘high‐stable’ (58.4%) or ‘low‐sustained’ (41.6%). The cumulative rate of readmissions for the low‐sustained class was higher than that of the high‐stable class for all periods. Factors influencing readmissions included anaemia, cognitive function, frailty and self‐care behaviours trajectories. The low‐sustained class had a 2.77 times higher risk of readmissions within 1 year than that in the high‐stable class.ConclusionsLongitudinal self‐care behaviours pattern trajectories of heart failure patients were stratified as high‐stable and low‐sustained. Routine follow‐up assessment of patients' self‐care behavioural patterns, including anaemia and frailty, and cognitive function can minimise unplanned hospital readmissions.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentification of trajectory patterns of self‐care behaviours over time and provision of timely and individualised care can reduce readmissions for heart failure patients. Healthcare professionals should recognise the significance of developing tailored strategies incorporating longitudinal self‐care behavioural patterns in heart failure patients.Reporting MethodThe study has been reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist (Appendix S1).Patient or Public ContributionPatients have completed a self‐reported questionnaire after providing informed consent.
Effect of massage therapy on sleep quality in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fang Chiu‐Shu , Chang Shih‐Lun , fang Ching‐Ju , Chou Fan‐Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to compare the effects of massage interventions on sleep quality among patients in the adult critical care unit.BackgroundMassage interventions have positive effects when applied to manage sleep quality in critical care units. However, research identifying the effect of massage intervention is limited.DesignThis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.MethodsFive databases were searched from their inception to 15 April 2022 (the last search was conducted on 15 November 2022, but it yielded no additional eligible studies). The literature search was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO and additional sources such as Google Scholar. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the certainty of evidence and recommendations.ResultsIn total, ten randomised controlled trials comprising 569 participants were used in the systematic review, and eight trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed significant effects of foot reflexology massage on subjective sleep quality. Massage therapy for a two‐night duration in cardiac care unit patients exhibited a significant effect on subjective sleep quality. The overall GRADE certainty of evidence was low.ConclusionMassage intervention, particularly foot reflexology massage, with a two‐night duration showed improvement in subjective sleep quality among critically ill patients. Although evidence quality was low, the results suggest that massage interventions provide a non‐invasive, low‐cost and effective way to promote sleep quality in critically ill adult patients.Relevance to clinical practiceMassage interventions can enable nurses to recommend and implement strategies promoting and improving sleep quality among critically ill patients.Study registrationThe review protocol was registered a priori and published online in the PROSPERO database of systematic reviews (www.crd.York.ac.uk/Prospero with the registration number # CRD42022332371).Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution if such details are not necessary or do not apply to your work and state why.
Is “sadistic pleasure” a contrived process of signaling one's antagonism?
Authors: Cease Charlotte K. , Hart William , Lambert Joshua T. , Witt Danielle E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveSadistic pleasure presumably incorporates processes that support an authentic enjoyment of others' pain. However, antagonism confirmation theory, grounded in social‐psychological theorizing on identity maintenance and the notion of ego‐syntonicity, suggests that individuals higher in sadism report greater pleasure in response to others' pain because such reports are immoral responses that confirm their self‐views. This alternative conception has yet to be tested.MethodIn two preregistered experiments (total N = 968), participants completed measures of sadism, read about situations involving others' pain, and rated their pleasure. We manipulated the extent to which pleasure from others' pain could be used to signal morality or antagonism.ResultsWe found that relatively sadistic people indicated greater pleasure across the studies but, like relatively non‐sadistic people, they altered their pleasure ratings to signal greater morality or less antagonism.ConclusionsThe findings fail to support antagonism confirmation theory, but they support recent perspectives on sadism that suggest that sadistic people may occasionally care about seeming moral (or not seeming antagonistic) and that sadism may be somewhat ego‐dystonic in this respect.
Impacts of Covid‐19 School Closures on School Food Service Revenue: Analysis of Public Local Education Agencies in Maryland
Authors: Zafari Zafar , Cohen Juliana F.W. , Sessom‐Parks Leslie , Lessard Donovan , Cooper Michele , Hager Erin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe public health policies and school closures in response to the Covid‐19 pandemic have created disruptions in school meal programs. Research is needed to understand the changes in school food service revenue before and during the initial Covid‐19‐related school shutdowns.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study examining federal and state reimbursements as well as sales revenues for all public local education agencies (LEAs) in Maryland from school years (SY) 2018‐2019 and 2019‐2020 was conducted. Monthly changes in federal and state reimbursements for Child Nutrition Programs, including the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), School Breakfast Program (SBP), Summer Food Service Program (SFSP), and Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) were examined.ResultsIn the SY 2018‐2019, the total revenues from federal and state reimbursements for SBP, NSLP, SFSP, and at‐risk CACFP were $272.9 million; in comparison, for the SY 2019‐2020, the total revenues were $241.8 million (11.4% reduction from SY 2018‐2019). On average, the school shutdown (during March to June 2020) was associated with a $450,385 (p‐value < .01) reduction in federal and state reimbursements per LEA‐month (41% reduction).ConclusionsThe school shutdown during the Covid‐19 pandemic was associated with a statistically significant reduction in school food service revenues across Maryland's public LEAs.
Prenatal substance use in the rural and Appalachian state: Project WATCH study 2020‐2022
Authors: Umer Amna , Garrow Jana , Nesbitt Makena , Lilly Christa , Lefeber Candice , Breyel Janine , John Collin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of prenatal substance use in the rural Appalachian state of West Virginia (WV).MethodsPopulation‐based cohort (Project WATCH) of all women (N = 34,309) who gave birth between February 2020 and June 2022. A composite substance use variable included 9 categories: “no substance use,” “opioids,” “cannabis,” “sedatives/hypnotics,” “stimulants,” “opioids and cannabis,” “opioids and stimulants,” “cannabis and stimulants,” and “opioids, cannabis, and stimulants.” These data were gathered through self‐report, medical records, and/or positive drug screen at labor and delivery.Findings12.4% of women used one or more substances (opioids, cannabis, stimulants, and sedatives/hypnotics) during their current pregnancy. The mean age of women using cannabis was 25.34 (SD = 5.31), stimulants was 28.88 (SD = 5.62), and opioid was 30.19 (SD = 4.78). White women were more likely to use opioids (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.46, 3.28) and less likely to use cannabis (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.34, 0.44) compared to minority racial groups. Women with cannabis use were more likely to live in urban versus rural regions (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.33, 1.62). The odds of using any type of substance(s) were significantly higher in women who smoked (aOR range 4.17‐30.85), had Medicaid (aOR range 1.52‐7.65), and those receiving inadequate prenatal care (aOR range 1.96‐16.83).ConclusionsIn this rural Appalachian state, 1 in 8 women used 1 or more substances (opioids, cannabis, stimulants, and/or sedatives/hypnotics) during pregnancy and the type of substance used varied by sociodemographic and health‐related factors. These factors should inform state‐level strategies and initiatives to address the substance use crisis for this population.