bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotating radial injection pattern for highly sensitive electrical impedance tomography of human lung anomalies
Authors: Bader Oumaima , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua , Ernst Oliver G , Kanoun Olfa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technique used for lung imaging. A significant challenge in EIT is reconstructing images of deeper thoracic regions due to the low sensitivity of boundary voltages to internal conductivity variations. The current injection pattern is decisive as it influences the current path, boundary voltages, and their sensitivity to tissue changes. &#xD;Approach. This study introduces a novel current injection pattern with radially placed electrodes excited in a rotating radial pattern. The effectiveness of the proposed pattern was investigated using a 3D computational model that mimics the human thorax, replicating its geometry and tissue electrical properties. To examine the detection of lung anomalies, models representing both healthy and unhealthy states, including cancer-like anomalies in three different positions, were developed.&#xD;The new pattern was compared to common patterns—Adjacent, Skip 1, and Opposite—using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The comparison focused on the current density within lung nodules and the sensitivity to changes in anomaly positions. &#xD;Main Results. Results showed that the new pattern achieved the maximum current density within anomalies compared to surrounding tissues, with peak values near the closest electrode pairs to the anomalies. Specifically, current density magnitudes reached 72.73 10^{-9} A.m, 145.24 10^{-9} A.m, and 26.43 10^{-9} A.m for the three different positions, respectively. Furthermore, the novel pattern's sensitivity to anomaly position changes surpassed the common patterns. Significance. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed injection pattern in detecting lung anomalies compared to the common injection patterns.
Impact of mercury vacancy states on Shockley–Read–Hall recombination in narrow gap HgCdTe
Authors: Kozlov Dmitry , Ikonnikov Anton , Mazhukina Ksenia , Morozov Sergey , Gavrilenko Vladimir , Mikhailov N , Dvoretsky Sergey Alekseevich , Rumyantsev Vladimir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Technologically relevant narrow gap Hg1-xCdxTe is known to contain a considerable amount of mercury vacancies that supposedly degrade carrier lifetimes. Using semiclassical approach with no adjustable parameters, we calculate capture coefficients for acceptor states with different binding energy. Resulting Shockley–Read–Hall recombination times agree well with the experimental data and suggest that operating temperature of Hg1-xCdxTe detectors with ~ 20 µm cutoff can be elevated above 77 K.
Tunnel hole injection in unipolar HgCdTe-based laser diode
Authors: Zholudev Maksim , Litovchenko Oleg M. , Morozov Sergey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A p-doping free HgCdTe-based laser diode construction is suggested. Hole injection in the active region is made by carrier tunneling from valence to conduction band trough the resonance state formed in a series of quantum wells in external electric field. The charge carriers are localized in the active region by barrier layers with selective resonant tunneling: for holes on one side and for electrons on another one. Calculations of the resonant state providing interband tunneling are carried out.&#xD;
Cooperative co-evolution deep echo state network for time series prediction
Authors: Chen Jianwei , Lun Shuxian , Li Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The deep echo state network demonstrates strong predictive performance in time series tasks, but inter-layer weight optimization and reservoir structure design are still challenging tasks. To address this, we propose the cooperative co-evolutionary deep echo state network (CCEDESN). Firstly, inspired by the hierarchical structure of the brain, we introduce a modular hierarchical design. Each layer of the reservoir contains multiple sub-reservoirs, with central neurons in each sub-reservoir interacting with those in other sub-reservoirs to enhance information processing. Secondly, an advanced cooperative co-evolutionary algorithm is proposed to simultaneously optimize the layer connection weights and hyperparameters of the deep echo state network. We evaluate the CCEDESN model on the Mackey-Glass system, sunspot data, and Apple stock opening prices. The experimental results show that the CCEDESN model achieves superior prediction accuracy compared to other models.&#xD;
Characterization of a radiofrequency storage ion source using numerical simulations
Authors: Sunil Kumar Nanditha , N Vignesh , Sunil Kumar S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A radiofrequency ion source routinely employed for laboratory astrophysics and astrochemistry experiments designated as the storage ion source was characterized using numerical simulations. The present work focuses on optimizing the storage and extraction of ions of astrophysical relevance having the $m/z$ range $3-330$, which covers most of the molecular ions detected in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes. The crucial parameters for the storage of ions: radiofrequency signal frequency, $f_{RF}$ and amplitude, $V_{RF}$ were optimized, and the range of radiofrequency parameters that can be used to store ions inside the source is presented. The lifetimes of ions inside the source were estimated for various radiofrequency parameters. The difference in the lifetimes of ions of different $m/z$ was explained based on the ions' thermalization characteristics and the source's effective potential. The extraction of ions from the source was optimized, and a new design called the T-source was proposed to improve the extraction efficiency. We show that the T-source has better extraction efficiency than the original design, which is further enhanced by maintaining the source at a floating potential. Finally, we investigated the transmission characteristics of the extracted ions through a quadrupole ion guide, which may serve as an ion guide or a mass filter, leading to an ion storage device such as an ion trap or an ion storage ring.
Influence of Axis Magnetic Field on Operation of Hall Thruster with Internally Mounted Cathode
Authors: Che Xingdong , Zeng Demai , Lian Huibin , Ding Yongjie , Wei Liqiu , Yu Da-Ren , Li Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hall thrusters with internal cathodes achieve higher efficiency, smaller plume divergence angles, and improved plume symmetry compared with those with external cathodes. Electrons from the internal cathodes first encounter an axis magnetic field and are coupled with the plasma plume. However, few studies have focused on the influence of axis magnetic field on the operation of Hall thrusters with internally mounted cathodes. Two approaches–applying an additional inner coil and modifying the diameter of the central aperture–are proposed to change the axis magnetic field, and the discharge characteristics are tested. As the number of ampere turns of the additional coil current increased, the maximum magnetic-field strength increased by 11%, and the gradient at the exit of the internal cathode decreased by 83%, thus resulting in relative reductions of 0.81% and 1.75% in the thrust and efficiency, respectively, under the rated operating condition. As the diameter of the central aperture decreased, the maximum magnetic strength increased by 9.1% and the gradient at the exit of the cathode increased by 36.3%, thus resulting in relative reductions of 1.88% and 5.71% in the thrust and efficiency, respectively, under the rated condition. Although the performance tendencies are the same, quantitative differences are observed. An analysis of the mechanism in-dicates that an axis magnetic field with weak strength and a gradual gradient are conducive to electrons traversing downstream and crossing the magnetic field to couple with the plasma plume. Thus, the differences between the discharge characteristic variations under the two approaches can be explained qualitatively, and guidance is provided for optimizing the axis magnetic field of Hall thrusters with internal cathodes.
Dual high-Q bound states in the continuum based Fano resonances in bulk WS2 meta-lattice
Authors: Danaeifar Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) play a promising role in enhancing light–matter interaction with a high quality (Q) factor in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). In this work, a structured meta-lattice of bulk tungsten disulfide (WS2), a well-known material of TMDCs, with double high-Q resonances governed by quasi-BIC is presented. Two types of quasi-BIC are exploited simultaneously by rotational and longitudinal asymmetries of WS2 rods, acting as the meta-atoms. These Fano line shaped quasi-BIC resonances have a very high quality factor of 1.6×104 with a reasonable asymmetric parameter of 1%. Although, tuning the asymmetric parameter changes the linewidth of the resonances and the resulting Q-factor, for all values of these parameters the amplitude of reflection remains constant at one. In addition to exploring and analysing two quasi-BICs, strong coupling between exciton and quasi-BICs is illustrated with Rabi splitting of 116.6meV and 54.2meV for rotational and longitudinal asymmetries, respectively. These findings show promise for the development of high-Q photonic devices and applications in polaritonics.
Analytic Four-Point Lightlike Form Factors and OPE of Null-Wrapped Polygons
Authors: Guo Yuanhong , Wang Lei , Yang Gang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We obtain for the first time the analytic two-loop four-point MHV lightlike form factor of the stress-tensor supermultiplet in planar ${\cal N}=4$ SYM where the momentum $q$ carried by the operator is taken to be massless. Remarkably, we find that the two-loop result can be constrained uniquely by the infrared divergences and the collinear limits using the master-bootstrap method. Moreover, the remainder function depends only on three dual conformal invariant variables, which can be understood from a hidden dual conformal symmetry of the form factor arising in the lightlike limit of $q$. The symbol alphabet of the remainder contains only nine letters, which are closed under the action of the dihedral group $D_4$. Based on the dual description in terms of periodic Wilson lines (null-wrapped polygons), we also consider a new OPE picture for the lightlike form factors and introduce a new form factor transition that corresponds to the three-point lightlike form factor. With the form factor results up to two loops, we make some all-loop predictions using the OPE picture.
Polyadic Cantor potential of minimum lacunarity: Special case of super periodic generalized unified Cantor potential
Authors: Mohammad Umar , Mohammad Hasan , Singh Vibhav Narayan Narayan , Mandal Bhabani Prasad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To bridge the fractal and non-fractal potentials we introduce the concept of generalized unified Cantor potential (GUCP) with the key parameter $N$ which represents the potential count at the stage $S=1$. This system is characterized by total span $L$, stages $S$, scaling parameter $\rho$ and two real numbers $\mu$ and $\nu$. Notably, the polyadic Cantor potential (PCP) system with minimal lacunarity is a specific instance within the GUCP paradigm. Employing the super periodic potential (SPP) formalism, we formulated a closed-form expression for transmission probability $T_{S}(k, N)$ using the $q$-Pochhammer symbol and investigated the features of non-relativistic quantum tunneling through this potential configuration. We show that GUCP system exhibits sharp transmission resonances, differing from traditional quantum systems. Our analysis reveals saturation in the transmission profile with evolving stages $S$ and establishes a significant scaling relationship between reflection probability and wave vector $k$&#xD;through analytical derivations.&#xD;
Fundamental operating regimes, hyper-parameter fine-tuning and glassiness: towards an interpretable replica-theory for trained restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Fachechi Alberto , Agliari Elena , Aquaro Miriam , Coolen Anthonius CC , Mulder Menno 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider restricted Boltzmann machines with a binary visible layer and a Gaussian hidden layer trained by an unlabelled dataset composed of noisy realizations of a single ground pattern. We develop a statistical mechanics framework to describe the network generative capabilities, by exploiting the replica trick and assuming self-averaging of the underlying order parameters (i.e., replica symmetry). In particular, we outline the effective control parameters (e.g., the relative number of weights to be trained, the regularization parameter), whose tuning can yield qualitatively-different operative regimes. Further, we provide analytical and numerical evidence for the existence of a sub-region in the space of the hyperparameters where replica-symmetry breaking occurs.
A review on scalable printing techniques for conductive and composite polymer nanoinks
Authors: Bharath  , Subramanian K R V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Emerging research in conductive and composite polymer nanoinks (CCPNIs) demonstrate remarkable advantages in electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties which are highly desired for printable applications. The development of suitable scalable production techniques can address the demand for wearable, printable, and flexible nanoink-based electronic applications. In this review we present a comparative analysis for contact based techniques such as screen printing (SP), nano imprint lithography (NIL) and non-contact printing techniques such as inkjet printing (IJP), aerosol jet printing (AIP) and 3D printing with a focus on CCPNIs. We discuss the application of these techniques across various electronic domains such as wearable electronics, flexible sensors and robotics which rely on scalable printing technologies. Among the techniques reviewed, SP stands out as particularly suitable and sustainable, primarily due to its scalability and efficiency. It is capable of producing between 1,000 and 5,000 parts per hour, while maintaining a practical resolution range of 1000 μm (±5–10%). SP is suitable for applications in printed electronics, where cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and scalability are of focus. In contrast, for complex and multidimensional printing, 3D printing shows promise with an excellent resolution which are crucial for industrial-scaled production.
Co-occurring climate events and environmental justice in California, 2018-2019
Authors: Shea Brittany , Meltzer Gabriella Y , Steiger Benjamin B , Parks Robbie , Do Vivian , McBrien Heather , Flores Nina , Gordon Milo , Blake Elizabeth M , Casey Joan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change will increase the frequency of extreme weather events. This means climate-driven events like wildfires and power outages will likely co-occur more often, potentially magnifying their health risks. We characterized three types of climate-driven events—anomalously warm temperatures, wildfire burn zone disasters, and long power outages—in 58 California counties during 2018–2019. We defined county-day anomalously warm temperatures when daily average temperatures exceeded 24°C and the 85th percentile of the long-term county average. We defined county-day wildfire burn zone disasters when an active wildfire burn zone intersected a county, burned 1+ structures, killed a civilian, or received a FEMA Fire Management Declaration, and overlapped with a community. For a subset of the 38 counties (66%), long power outage county days were identified using PowerOutage.us data when an outage affected > 0.5% of county customers for 8+ hours. Co-occurring events were when 2+ of these events occurred on the same county day. Using the CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), we determined whether co-occurring events disproportionately affected vulnerable populations. Nearly every county (97%) experienced at least one day of anomalously warm temperatures, 57% had at least one wildfire burn zone disaster day, and 63% (24/38 counties with available data) had at least one long power outage day. The most common co-occurring events (anomalously warm temperatures and wildfire burn zone disasters) impacted 24 (41%) counties for 144 total county-days. We did not find a clear connection between co-occurring events and social vulnerability. We observed an inverse correlation between co-occurring wildfire burn zone disasters and long power outage days with SVI, and a positive correlation between co-occurring anomalously warm and long power outage days with SVI. This analysis can inform regional resource allocation and other state-wide planning and policy objectives to reduce the adverse effects of climate-driven events.
High performance energy-saving electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction: A minireview on the influence of structure and support
Authors: Zuo Chunyan , Hu Hengyuan , Han Meisheng , Qiu Yejun , Tao Guohua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generating hydrogen from water electrolysis is a promising clean energy strategy that may help alleviate energy crisis, which stimulates tremendous research interests in searching high performance catalysts with low energy consumption. In this article, we review recent progresses on the development of high performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from the energy consumption perspective with the emphasis on the structure impact and support. In particular, the structural influence on the energy conversion efficiency and stability of HER electrocatalysts is discussed, and the role of support carriers in forming energy-saving catalytic systems with minimized non-HER energy loss, which are vital for practical processes, is highlighted. Moreover, a global design strategy incorporating both catalyst and support in the same integrated framework is advocated. This paper provides new insights into the structure-property relationship and the support effect in developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for HER. &#xD;
Critical state of a superconductor strip in ideal paramagnetic environments
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this Chapter, thin type-II superconductor strips carrying a transport current in the critical state are considered in the presence of idealized paramagnetic environments, which means open and closed semi-infinite paramagnets of finite constant magnetic permeability. Analytic solutions for the transport current distribution are obtained in the limit of the inifinite permeability. They disclose possible partially flux-filled critical states and even overcritical states, whose total current may exceed the critical current of the isolated strip many times. For all magnetic environments, AC losses are evaluated exhibiting their possible drastic enhancement or reduction depending on the shielding geometry.
Meissner state and critical state of a superconductor strip in ideal diamagnetic environments
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this Chapter, thin type-II superconductor strips carrying a transport current in the Meissner or critical states are considered in the presence of idealized diamagnetic environments, which means open and closed semi-infinite superconductor shields. Analytic solutions for the transport current distribution are obtained which disclose possible partially flux-filled critical states and even overcritical states, whose total current may exceed the critical current of the isolated strip many times. For all diamagnetic environments, AC losses are evaluated exhibiting their possible drastic reduction depending on the shielding geometry.
Magnetic dipole moment of supercurrent distributions in paramagnetic environments
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Redistribution of the transport current in a superconductor affected by paramagnetic shields provides a possibility of strongly overcritical states and a drastic reduction of AC losses in thin superconductor films and tubes. Such superconductors subject to para- or diamagnetic shielding are studied by means of the potential theory and the critical state model when carrying a transport current or exposed to an external magnetic field. Analytical results are obtained for a number of shielding geometries and confirmed by numerical solutions. It is shown that using magnetostatic-electrostatic analogies allows consideration of paramagnetic shielding configurations of arbitrary shapes and magnetic permeabilities by means of common finite-element solvers to enhance the dissipation-free transport currents in superconductors and reduce AC losses in them. Furthermore, using the generalized London theory, the penetration of magnetic flux into magnetically shielded bulk superconductors is studied and the enhancement of the Bean-Livingston barrier is established.
Introduction
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the introduction makes clear, the topic of collective intentionality is not new. Already from shortly before the onset of World War I, phenomenological philosophers were engaged in sophisticated investigations of collective intentionality, joint action, affective sharing, we-identities, communal experiences, and shared habits. One of the important insights garnered in these early analyses was that feeling, thinking, and acting as part of a we transform one’s sense of self, one’s relation to others, and the way one experiences the world. In a similar manner, the main claim to be defended in the chapters to follow is that a thorough investigation of the we must bridge the prevalent compartmentalization of research on selfhood, social cognition, and collective intentionality and ultimately explore the complex interrelation between the first-person singular, the second-person singular, and the first-person plural perspectives.
Communication and Second-person Engagement
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in the second-person perspective, but what is the difference between relating to another as a he or she versus relating to another as you? The chapter considers a number of proposals and then argues that a promising but somewhat overlooked account can be found in the work of Husserl, who views second-person engagement as involving mutual address and communicative connectedness. When standing in a second-person relation, when addressing somebody who responds, I am not merely aware of the other, but simultaneously aware of myself as being addressed by and attended to by the other. Second-person engagement consequently involves not merely an awareness of the other but also, at the same time, a form of interpersonal self-consciousness. In a further step, the chapter then discusses whether the dyadic I–you relation is necessary and/or sufficient for the emergence of a shared we-perspective.
Shared Emotions
Authors: Zahavi Dan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many accounts of collective intentionality target rather sophisticated types of cooperative activities, but although such activities are of obvious importance, an investigation of collective intentionality should not merely focus on the question of how we can share agentive intentions. The aim of the chapter is to examine the kind of emotional sharing that can occur between two individuals who are perceptually co-present. Does the sharing involve a kind of phenomenal fusion? Is it a matter of sharing one and the same token experience? Such proposals are rejected in favour of an account that sees emotional sharing as a form of emotional integration that involves constitutively interdependent processes of empathy, second-personal address, and identification.