bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration project of oral TDF-containing PrEP, administered, once-daily orally to men having sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in India: Study protocol
Authors: Sahay Seema , Bangar Sampada , Chandhiok Nomita 
Published: June 2023

Background
India has successfully reduced Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) incidence, with a 66% decline since the year 2000 has been seen; however, control among Men having sex with Men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) remains a critical challenge. Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) may help close a critical HIV prevention gap for MSM and TGW in India; however, no studies to date have evaluated the feasibility of oral PrEP among MSM and TGW in India.

Methods
The proposed study aims at understanding the implementation of the provision of daily oral-Tenofovir (TDF) containing PrEP among MSM and TGW through the clinic and community-based delivery models in Pune, Maharashtra, and Jalandhar, Punjab respectively in India. The study aims at estimating PrEP adherence, facilitators, and barriers to PrEP use, retention, acceptability, and willingness to pay for PrEP. After the screening, eligible participants (n = 600) will receive PrEP medicines and will be monitored quarterly for HIV, STIs, and renal and liver toxicity for 12 months as per the schedule of events. The primary outcomes of interest are PrEP acceptability, PrEP adherence, retention rate, adverse medical events, and sexual behavioural changes with PrEP use and breakthrough infections while on PrEP. The study will assess the feasibility of two service delivery models; however, the data from the two service delivery models will be analyzed independently and will not be compared for feasibility and other outcome indicators. The study has been initiated after obtaining appropriate regulatory approvals.

Discussion
PrEP is efficacious in preventing HIV among high-risk population however there are scarce data on providing PrEP to MSM and TGW. The study will provide critical evidence to programs and policymakers on the implementation of PrEP in a “real world” setting, among MSM and TGW in India including identifying populations that can benefit most from this additional HIV prevention intervention along with acceptable delivery strategies and means of support for adherence.

Trial registration
Not applicable being a demonstration project. Efficacy is already proven.
Effectiveness and feasibility of structured emotionally focused family therapy for parents and adolescents: Protocol of a within-subjects pilot study
Authors: Conradi Henk Jan , Meuwese Daphne , Rodenburg Lenny , Dingemanse Pieter , Mooren Trudy 
Published: June 2023

Mental health issues are widespread among children and adolescents worldwide. Although mental health difficulties may manifest themselves in many different diagnoses, there is growing support for a limited number of underlying transdiagnostic processes. Attachment encompasses a key transdiagnostic mechanism, namely emotional regulation. This study protocol aims to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of structured emotionally focused family therapy (EFFT), the goal of which is to develop secure attachment between parents and their children to reduce children’s vulnerability to mental health problems. A within-subjects design with three waves, a waiting period, treatment, and follow-up, will be conducted. Families will serve as their own controls. Approximately 15 to 20 families with adolescents (aged 12−18 years) as the ‘identified patients’ will be included. They will participate in 16−21 sessions of EFFT. The study will use a multi-method approach. Self-report questionnaires will be administered repeatedly (i.e., pre-waiting period, pre-treatment, halfway treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up), measuring parent-adolescent attachment, partner-partner attachment, negative interactions, and adolescent psychological complaints. Multi-level analyses will be conducted. Semi-structured interviews will be administered at follow-up to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of EFFT. Treatment integrity will be assessed. The present study is the first to evaluate feasibility of structured EFFT and obtain a first impression of its effectiveness. This information will help us to improve EFFT. Limitations are discussed.
Trial registration: Recruitment commenced in June 2022. The approximate trial duration is 36 months. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05657067) on December 9, 2022, and Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/39dt2/) on June 14, 2022.
Optineurin deficiency impairs autophagy to cause interferon beta overproduction and increased survival of mice following viral infection
Authors: Fukushi Masaya , Ohsawa Ryosuke , Okinaka Yasushi , Oikawa Daisuke , Kiyono Tohru , Moriwaki Masaya , Irie Takashi , Oda Kosuke , Kamei Yasuhiro , Tokunaga Fuminori , Sotomaru Yusuke , Maruyama Hirofumi , Kawakami Hideshi , Sakaguchi Takemasa 
Published: June 2023

Background
Optineurin (OPTN) is associated with several human diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and is involved in various cellular processes, including autophagy. Optineurin regulates the expression of interferon beta (IFNβ), which plays a central role in the innate immune response to viral infection. However, the role of optineurin in response to viral infection has not been fully clarified. It is known that optineurin-deficient cells produce more IFNβ than wild-type cells following viral infection. In this study, we investigate the reasons for, and effects of, IFNβ overproduction during optineurin deficiency both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
To investigate the mechanism of IFNβ overproduction, viral nucleic acids in infected cells were quantified by RT-qPCR and the autophagic activity of optineurin-deficient cells was determined to understand the basis for the intracellular accumulation of viral nucleic acids. Moreover, viral infection experiments using optineurin-disrupted (Optn-KO) animals were performed with several viruses.

Results
IFNβ overproduction following viral infection was observed not only in several types of optineurin-deficient cell lines but also in Optn-KO mice and human ALS patient cells carrying mutations in OPTN. IFNβ overproduction in Optn-KO cells was revealed to be caused by excessive accumulation of viral nucleic acids, which was a consequence of reduced autophagic activity caused by the loss of optineurin. Additionally, IFNβ overproduction in Optn-KO mice suppressed viral proliferation, resulting in increased mouse survival following viral challenge.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the combination of optineurin deficiency and viral infection leads to IFNβ overproduction in vitro and in vivo. The effects of optineurin deficiency are elicited by viral infection, therefore, viral infection may be implicated in the development of optineurin-related diseases.
Impact of a passive upper-body exoskeleton on muscle activity, heart rate and discomfort during a carrying task
Authors: Garcia Gabriela , Arauz Paul Gonzalo , Alvarez Isabel , Encalada Nicolas , Vega Shirley , Martin Bernard J. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare erector spinae muscle fatigue, upper limb muscle activity, body areas discomfort, and heart rate during a 10-min carrying task with and without a passive upper-body exoskeleton (CarrySuitⓇ) while considering sex influences.BackgroundPassive exoskeletons are commercially available to assist lifting or carrying task. However, evidence of their impact on muscle activity, fatigue, heart rate and discomfort are scarce and/or do not concur during carrying tasks.MethodThirty participants (16 females and 14 male) performed a 10-min, 15kg load-carrying task with and without the exoskeleton in two non-consecutive days. Heart rate, and erector spinae, deltoid, biceps and brachioradialis muscle activity were recorded during the carrying tasks. In addition, erector spinae electromyography during an isometric hold test and discomfort ratings were measured before and after the task.ResultsWhile without the exoskeleton upper limb muscle activity increased or remained constant during the carrying task and showing high peak activation for both males and females, a significant activity reduction was observed with the exoskeleton. Low back peak activation, heart rate and discomfort were lower with than without the exoskeleton. In males muscle activation was significantly asymmetric without the exoskeleton and more symmetric with the exoskeleton.ConclusionThe tested passive exoskeleton appears to alleviate the physical workload and impact of carrying heavy loads on the upper limbs and lower back for both males and females.
Small Bowel Transit Scintigraphy in Children With Pediatric Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction
Authors: Chanpong Atchariya , Morris Elizabeth , Biassoni Lorenzo , Easty Marina , Goodwin Bruce , Lindley Keith J. , Rybak Anna , Eaton Simon , Thapar Nikhil , Borrelli Osvaldo 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Objective evidence of small intestinal dysmotility is a key criterion for the diagnosis of pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO). Small bowel scintigraphy (SBS) allows for objective measurement of small bowel transit (SBT), but limited data are available in children. We aimed to evaluate the utility of SBS in children suspected of gastrointestinal dysmotility.

METHODS:
Patients undergoing gastric emptying studies for suspected foregut dysmotility, including PIPO, from 2016 to 2022 at 2 tertiary children's hospitals were recruited to an extended protocol of gastric emptying studies to allow for assessment of SBT. PIPO was classified based on antroduodenal manometry (ADM). SBT was compared between PIPO and non-PIPO patients. Scintigraphic parameters were assessed and correlated against ADM scores.

RESULTS:
Fifty-nine patients (16 PIPO and 43 non-PIPO diagnoses) were included. SBS was performed with liquid and solid meals in 40 and 26 patients, respectively. As compared to the non-PIPO group, PIPO patients had a significantly lower median percentage of colonic filling at 6 hours, with both liquid (48% vs 83%) and solid tests (5% vs 65%). SBT in PIPO patients with myopathic involvement was significantly slower than in patients with neuropathic PIPO, both for liquid and solid meal. A significant correlation was found between solid SBT and ADM scores (r = −0.638, P = 0.036).

DISCUSSION:
SBS provides a practically feasible assessment of small intestinal motility. It shows a potential utility to help diagnose and characterize PIPO. SBS seems most discriminative in PIPO patients with myopathic involvement. Studies in a larger pediatric population and across different ages are required.
Promoting responsible AI: A European perspective on the governance of artificial intelligence in media and journalism
Authors: Porlezza Colin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and automation have become pervasive in news media, influencing journalism from news gathering to news distribution. As algorithms are increasingly determining editorial decisions, specific concerns have been raised with regard to the responsible and accountable use of AI-driven tools by news media, encompassing new regulatory and ethical questions. This contribution aims to analyze whether and to what extent the use of AI technology in news media and journalism is currently regulated and debated within the European Union and the Council of Europe. Through a document analysis of official policy documents, combined with a data mining approach and an inductive thematic analysis, the study looks at how news media are dealt with, in particular regarding their responsibilities towards their users and society. The findings show that regulatory frameworks about AI rarely include media, but if they do, they associate them with issues such as disinformation, data, and AI literacy, as well as diversity, plurality, and social responsibility.
Segregation, Education Cost, and Group Inequality
Authors: Kim Young-Chul , Ryu Doojin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes the interplay between the segregation level, education cost, and the evolution of group inequality. In a market economy, individuals have incentives to invest in skill acquisition because of wage differentials. Because skill achievement is costly, a person with a higher inherent ability or a better community background is more likely to invest. Bowles, Loury, and Sethi (2014) show the possibility of group inequality evolution with a high level of segregation when network externalities over the skill acquisition period affect an individual’s decision of skill achievement. This study emphasizes the effect of education costs on the evolution of group inequality. Even when the level of segregation is high, if the societal education cost of skill acquisition is not sufficiently large, group skill disparity may not evolve. Observing that education costs vary significantly across countries depending on the structure of their educational institutions, this theoretical analysis suggests that some countries may suffer more from between-group disparity than others because their education systems impose higher costs on individuals.
The use of interlanguage pragmatic learning strategies (IPLS) by L2 learners: the impact of age, gender, language learning experience, and L2 proficiency levels
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Malmir Ali , Pawlak Mirosław , Wang Yongliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Interlanguage pragmatics has been the focus of many studies since its inception in the 1980s, with several issues being investigated and a variety of approaches being applied. However, studies on the learning processes and strategies which are specifically responsible for the acquisition of interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) knowledge are rare. Therefore, the current investigation sought to examine the effects of selected individual differences (IDs), including age, gender, language learning experience (LLE), and L2 proficiency, on the use of interlanguage pragmatic learning strategies (IPLS) in a sample of 160 English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. The data were collected utilizing a six-point IPLS inventory which contained 58 6-point Likert scale items that were divided into six subcategories. Data analysis using independent samples t-tests revealed that young learners used significantly more IPLS compared to their adult counterparts; nonetheless, there were no significant differences in the use of the IPLS between the female and male learners. At the same time, two one-way ANOVAs indicated that LLE and L2 proficiency played a significant role in the use of IPLS, that is, learners with longer LLE and higher proficiency levels used more IPLS. These findings have some pedagogical implications for L2 learners and teachers.
Der Backlink als Indikator für Wissenstransfer in Infrastrukturen: Eine explorative Studie am Deutschen Bildungsserver (DBS)
Authors: Fahrer Sigrid 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Infrastrukturen der Wissenschaft gelten als eigenes Transferfeld, für das spezifische Leistungsindikatoren zu entwickeln sind. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, inwiefern sich Links von anderen Webseiten auf die eigene, sogenannte Backlinks, als Indikator für Transfer von Infrastrukturen eignen. Damit erprobt die Studie eine Vorgehensweise für die Wirkungsmessung von Transfer und schafft eine Grundlage für weitere Transfer-Untersuchungen auf Basis von Backlinks.
First North African record of a melanistic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bounaceur Farid , Abdelhamid Djamel , Djilali Mohamed , Lasgaa Fatine , Bissaad Fatima Zohra , Aulagnier Stéphane 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although melanism is common in some mammal species, particularly in domestic forms, its occurrence in lagomorphs is rare. We report the first records of melanistic wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus in North Africa. These were obtained from a camera-trap set in Tiaret governorate, Algeria, in 2019 and 2020. Melanism is restricted to few species of Leporidae, genera Sylvilagus and Lepus. Dark rabbits have been reported to a new subspecies from Camargue (France), however this status is not recognized any longer.
Oral microbiome: a doubtful predictor but potential target of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Cheng Chak Kwong , Huang Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Our oral cavity houses various types of microbes including bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, harboring over 700 bacterial species. Oral dysbiosis refers to the imbalance between symbionts and pathobionts in the oral cavity, posing potential threats to host cardiovascular health. Importantly, oral dysbiosis promotes cardiovascular pathophysiology through different mechanisms. Although overgrowth of certain pathogenic bacteria have been indicated in some cardiometabolic diseases, it is still premature to consider oral microbiome as a suitable predictor for non-invasive diagnostic purpose. However, targeting oral microbiome might still provide preventive and therapeutic insights on cardiovascular diseases. Further extensive efforts are needed to deepen our understanding on oral-cardiovascular connection in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives.
Microfiber evanescent-field photothermal gas detection using acoustic-induced mode-dependent frequency shift
Authors: Zhu Yi , Guo Anbo , Xu Jiangtao , Zhang Zhengwei , Pang Fufei , Zhang Weijian , Zeng Xianglong , Sun Jianfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we experimentally showcase the microfiber evanescent-field photothermal gas detection by exploiting all-fiber MHz-level frequency shift scheme. Based on the acousto-optic interaction effect, the low-frequency shifts of 0.9 MHz and 1.83 MHz can be obtained through the cyclic conversion between the transverse core modes LP01 and LP11 in the few-mode fiber. Our proposed all-fiber frequency shifters show flexible MHz-level up(down) frequency shifts with superior sideband rejection ratio (over 40 dB) and low insertion loss (less than 1 dB). Furthermore, an all-fiber heterodyne interferometric detection system is implemented by leveraging the above low-frequency shifters, in which around 1-μm-diameter microfiber is investigated for photothermal gas detection. A pump-probe configuration is employed to obtain the photothermal effect induced by the gas absorption of the modulated evanescent field. By demodulating the phase of the beat signal output by the interferometer, an equivalent detection limit (1σ) of 32 ppm and a response time of 22 s are achieved for ammonia, as well as 0.24 % instability within 48 pump cycles. Given its compact all-fiber configuration and high sensitivity with fast response, the experimental results can pave the way for widespread applications like heterodyne detection, fiber optical sensors, and interplanetary coherent communications.
Effect of a High-Intensity Handball-Specific Fatigue Protocol Focused on the Leg Contralateral to the Throwing Arm on Interlimb Asymmetries
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Miras-Moreno Sergio , Ortega-Becerra Manuel , Morenas-Aguilar Maria Dolores , Smajla Darjan , Sarabon Nejc , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Janicijevic, D, Pérez-Castilla, A, Miras-Moreno, S, Ortega-Becerra, M, Morenas-Aguilar, MD, Smajla, D, Sarabon, N, and García-Ramos, A. Effect of a high-intensity handball-specific fatigue protocol focused on the leg contralateral to the throwing arm on interlimb asymmetries. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1382–1389, 2023—This study aimed to elucidate which countermovement jump (CMJ) variant (unilateral or bilateral) is more sensitive to detect the decrement in kinetic CMJ-derived variables of the leg more actively involved in a handball-specific fatigue protocol. Seventeen female handball players (age: 20.6 ± 2.5 years) performed a fatigue protocol consisting of 8 repetitions of the following circuit separated by 10 seconds: 10 m sprint, 180° change of direction with the leg contralateral to the throwing arm, 10 m sprint with ball reception at 7 m, and handball throw preceded by a jump over a 40 cm hurdle with the leg contralateral to the throwing arm. Before and after the fatigue protocol, 6 unilateral CMJs (3 with each leg) and 3 bilateral CMJs were performed on a dual Kistler force platform (model 9260AA6). Bilateral CMJ height was reduced by 5.4% after the fatigue protocol (p < 0.001). However, the fatigue protocol did not promote any significant change in peak force, mean force, and propulsive impulse or in their asymmetry values (17 of 18 comparisons). The decrement of 6.1% during the unilateral CMJ in the propulsive impulse developed by the leg ipsilateral to the throwing arm (less involved in the fatigue protocol) was the only variable that reached statistical significance (p = 0.038). The pre-post fatigue changes in asymmetry values presented negligible correlations between both CMJ variants (r

s
= 0.01 to −0.19). These results suggest that neither unilateral nor bilateral CMJs are able to detect changes in interlimb asymmetries after a high-intensity handball-specific fatigue protocol.
Evaluation of Aging Evolution of Olive Pomace–Modified Asphalt Binders under Natural Weather Aging Conditions
Authors: Zhang Kun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The natural weather aging test (NWAT) for asphalt binders is an essential benchmark aging test used to investigate the aging evolution of asphalt binders under actual weather conditions. This study assessed the aging rates of olive pomace–modified asphalt binders and the control neat binder under NWAT. Instead of aging days, weather factors were proposed as metrics to correlate with the aging evolution of the rheological properties of asphalt binders. The test results showed that the olive pulp–rich fraction-modified asphalt binders after the rolling thin-film oven (RTFO) test had lower aging susceptibility than the RTFO-aged control binder. The RTFO-aged binders exhibited lower aging rates than the corresponding unaged asphalt binders under NWAT. The sums of weather indexes such as the sum of the daily maximum ultraviolet index are rational field metrics to correlate with the rheological aging properties of natural weather–aged asphalt binders. Caution shall be taken when using aging days to interpret the aging rates of asphalt binders under NWAT.
Haftung bei einem qualifizierten Phishing mit weiteren Elementen des Social Engineering
Authors: Casper Matthias , Reich Bastian 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Trotz der Einführung der Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung in § 55 ZAG – einer der wesentlichen Errungenschaften der zweiten Zahlungsdiensterichtlinie (PSD II) – häufen sich in jüngerer Zeit Betrugsfälle im Onlinebanking. Die Täter wählen dabei ein zweistufiges Vorgehen. Mittels einer gefälschten Internetseite oder einer klassischen Phishing-Mail bewegen sie den Kunden zunächst dazu, seine Zugangsdaten zum Online-Banking einzugeben. Mit den so erlangten Zugangsdaten spähen die Täter Kontodetails aus, die sie sodann bei einer Ansprache des Kunden per Telefon oder über sozialen Medien einsetzen, um den Kunden dazu zu bewegen, einen von den Tätern angelegten Zahlungsauftrag freizugeben. Dazu wird entweder die Freigabe-App verwendet oder der Kunde zur Weitergabe der mittels des Push-TAN-Verfahrens erzeugten TAN-Nummer an die Täter verleitet. Der Beitrag untersucht zunächst, ob trotz der Täuschung ein Zahlungsauftrag vorliegen kann. Soweit man dies verneint, ist zu untersuchen, ob eine Haftung wegen grober Fahrlässigkeit nach § 675v Abs. 3 BGB vorliegt. Dabei steht die Frage im Mittelpunkt, ob der Haftungsausschluss in § 675v Abs. 4 Satz 1 Nr. 1 BGB auch dann eingreift, wenn der Zahlungsdienstleister im ersten Schritt unter Rückgriff auf Art. 11 der technischen Regulierungsstandards zu § 55 ZAG auf den Einsatz einer starken Kundenauthentifizierung beim Einloggen in das Kontos verzichtet hat. Es wird die These begründet, dass § 675v Abs. 4 Satz 1 BGB aufsichtsakzessorisch auszulegen ist.