bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famine in Somalia, 2011–2012
Authors: Bradley Miriam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 10 examines the international humanitarian response to famine in Somalia in 2011 and 2012. The famine was triggered by drought and rapidly increasing food prices, and its underlying causes included long-running conflict and an underlying livelihoods crisis compounded by a weak and delayed international response. Reliable warnings with alarming predictions were issued from August 2010 and international actors could have responded much sooner. However, a combination of international counter-terror legislation, restrictions imposed by Al-Shabaab, and access constraints relating to insecurity served to delay the response. Donors and operational agencies largely saw the risks of action as outweighing the risks of inaction until the declaration of famine in July 2011, when the equation was reversed and a vigorous response mobilized. The famine declaration prompted immediate mobilization of funds, with funding for Somalia almost doubling overnight. By definition, this was too late—once conditions reach the threshold of famine, lives have been lost and irreversible damage has been done. Furthermore, even when funding was significantly increased, the conflict and political context limited the scale of humanitarian activities possible, slowed their implementation, and made the impartial targeting of assistance difficult. The reduced presence of food aid actors meant that large-scale food aid was not an option, but cash transfers offered a way to overcome some of the political and logistical challenges, and aid agencies implemented one of the world’s largest ever cash transfer programmes. This served not only immediate food security goals by supporting purchasing power but also contributed to productive livelihoods.
Overlapping and specialized roles of tomato phytoene synthases in carotenoid and abscisic acid production
Authors: Ezquerro Miguel , Burbano-Erazo Esteban , Rodriguez-Concepcion Manuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Carotenoids are plastidial isoprenoids required for photoprotection and phytohormone production in all plants. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), carotenoids also provide color to flowers and ripe fruit. Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the first and main flux-controlling step of the carotenoid pathway. Three genes encoding PSY isoforms are present in tomato, PSY1 to PSY3. Mutants have shown that PSY1 is the isoform providing carotenoids for fruit pigmentation, but it is dispensable in photosynthetic tissues. No mutants are available for PSY2 or PSY3, but their expression profiles suggest a main role for PSY2 in leaves and PSY3 in roots. To further investigate isoform specialization with genetic tools, we created gene-edited lines defective in PSY1 and PSY2 in the MicroTom background. The albino phenotype of lines lacking both PSY1 and PSY2 confirmed that PSY3 does not contribute to carotenoid biosynthesis in shoot tissues. Our work further showed that carotenoid production in tomato shoots relies on both PSY1 and PSY2 but with different contributions in different tissues. PSY2 is the main isoform for carotenoid biosynthesis in leaf chloroplasts, but PSY1 is also important in response to high light. PSY2 also contributes to carotenoid production in flower petals and, to a lesser extent, fruit chromoplasts. Most interestingly, our results demonstrate that fruit growth is controlled by abscisic acid (ABA) specifically produced in the pericarp from PSY1-derived carotenoid precursors, whereas PSY2 is the main isoform associated with ABA synthesis in seeds and salt-stressed roots.
Predictors of Outcomes After Lumbar Intra-Articular Facet Joint Injections and Medial Branch Blocks
Authors: Acosta Julbe José I. , Mandell Jacob C. , Ermann Joerg , Isaac Zacharia , Gottreich Julia R. , Zampini Jay M. , DeFilipp Miriam , Andrew Michael N. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2023

Study design.
A scoping review.

Objective.
We aimed to identify and describe the factors associated with the patient-reported response after lumbar intra-articular facet joint (FJ) injections or medial branch blocks (MBBs).

Summary of Background Data.
FJ osteoarthritis is among the most common causes of chronic low back pain. Management often includes FJ intra-articular injection and MBBs (which may be followed by radiofrequency ablation of the nerves innervating these joints). However, the success of these approaches is variable, prompting interest in identifying patient characteristics (imaging features, clinical signs, and among others) associated with response to these types of facet injections.

Materials and Methods.
We performed a literature search on factors associated with patient-reported outcomes after lumbar FJ intra-articular injections or MBBs for patients with low back pain published in English or Spanish between 2000 and 2023. We excluded duplicate papers that did not describe factors associated with outcomes or those describing other interventions. We collected data on the association of these factors with patient-reported outcomes.

Results.
Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These studies evaluated factors, such as age, depression, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and among variables. Age and imaging findings of facet arthropathy were the most frequently described factors. Imaging findings of FJ arthropathy and positive SPECT were often associated with positive results after intra-articular FJ injections or MBBs. In contrast, younger age and smoking were frequently associated with less favorable clinical outcomes.

Conclusion.
Numerous factors were considered in the 37 studies included in this review. Imaging findings of facet arthropathy, duration of pain, and positive SPECT were consistently associated with favorable results after facet interventions.
Closed-chamber Suction-assisted Fat Harvest: An Innovative Technique in Resource-limited Settings
Authors: Chandrasekar Shruthi , Manas Raj Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Autologous fat grafting is one of the most commonly performed procedures, not only for cosmetic reasons, but in a variety of reconstructive procedures like correction of contour deformities and treatment of scars. The Coleman technique has been traditionally described as one of the efficient methods of fat harvest, where 10 mL syringes connected with a liposuction cannula are used for the manual harvest of fat; although it is a widely used technique, it becomes time-consuming and tiring when a large amount of fat has to be harvested. To overcome this issue, we have devised a simple, cost-effective, quicker method in resource-limited settings by using a 500-mL normal saline bottle as a closed chamber, which is in turn connected to a suction tube. The liposuction cannula is connected to a tube that is inserted into this closed chamber, where fat is aspirated and collected. Using this technique, a large amount of fat can be easily harvested in less time and with less effort, without damaging the adipocytes.
Reconsidering patient‐centred care: Authority, expertise and abandonment
Authors: Pilnick Alison 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPatient‐centred care is commonly framed as a means to guard against the problem of medical paternalism, exemplified in historical attitudes of ‘doctor knows best’. In this sense, patient‐centred care (PCC) is often regarded as a moral imperative. Reviews of its adoption in healthcare settings do not find any consistent improvement in health outcomes; however, these results are generally interpreted as pointing to the need for more or ‘better’ training for staff, rather than raising more fundamental questions. Patient autonomy is generally foregrounded in conceptualizations of PCC, to be actualized through the exercising of choice and control. But examining healthcare interaction in practice shows that when professionals attempt to enact these underpinnings, it often results in the sidelining of medical expertise that patients want or need. The outcome is that patients can feel abandoned to make decisions they feel unqualified to make, or even that care standards may not be met. This helps to explain why PCC has not produced the hoped‐for improvement in health outcomes. It also suggests that, rather than focusing on scoring individual consultations, we need to consider how medical expertise can be rehabilitated for a 21st century public, and how patient expertise can be better incorporated into co‐design and co‐production of services and resources rather than being seen as something to be expressed through a binary notion of control.Patient and Public ContributionThis viewpoint draws on research conducted by the author across a range of settings in health and social care, all of which incorporated patient and public involvement when it was conducted.
Effect of cold plasma on lipid oxidation of fish and fish‐based products: a review
Authors: Wu Jing , Cui Chun , Li Laihao 
Published: July 2023

SummaryLipid oxidation is a major concern in preserving fish and its products, as it affects their quality, shelf life, and consumer acceptance. Cold plasma technology has emerged as a promising method for extending the shelf life of perishable products, including fish. However, the impact of cold plasma on lipid oxidation remains uncertain, as studies have reported conflicting findings. This review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the effects of cold plasma treatment on lipid oxidation in fish and fish‐based products, synthesising existing literature in the field. A comprehensive analysis of factors such as plasma generation techniques, treatment parameters, fish species, and lipid composition is conducted to elucidate the observed discrepancies in outcomes. In conclusion, current research suggests that moderate oxidation does not have adverse effects on overall sensory quality and may even enhance the flavour of fish. The degree of oxidation can be controlled through plasma parameters, thereby improving the quality of fish and fish products.
2. Marie Jeanne Riccoboni
Authors: Isbell John Claiborne 
Published: July 2023

Destins de femmes is the first comprehensive overview of French women writers during the turbulent period of 1750-1850. John Isbell provides an essential collection that illuminates the impact women writers had on French literature and politics during a time marked by three revolutions, the influx of Romantic art, and rapid technological change.
Each of the book’s thirty chapters introduces a prominent work by a different female author writing in French during the period, from Germaine de Staël to George Sand, from the admired salon libertine Marie du Deffand to Flora Tristan, tireless campaigner for socialism and women’s rights. Isbell draws from multi-genre writers working in prose, poetry and correspondence and addresses the breadth of women’s contribution to the literature of the age. Isbell also details the important events which shaped the writers’ lives and contextualises their work amidst the liberties both given and taken away from women during the period.
This anthology fills a significant gap in the secondary literature on this transformative century, which often overlooks women who were working and active. It invites a further gendered investigation of the impact of revolution and Romanticism on the content and nature of French women’s writing, and will therefore be appropriate for both general readers, students, and academics analysing history and literature through a feminist lens.
5. Suzanne Necker
Authors: Isbell John Claiborne 
Published: July 2023

Destins de femmes is the first comprehensive overview of French women writers during the turbulent period of 1750-1850. John Isbell provides an essential collection that illuminates the impact women writers had on French literature and politics during a time marked by three revolutions, the influx of Romantic art, and rapid technological change.
Each of the book’s thirty chapters introduces a prominent work by a different female author writing in French during the period, from Germaine de Staël to George Sand, from the admired salon libertine Marie du Deffand to Flora Tristan, tireless campaigner for socialism and women’s rights. Isbell draws from multi-genre writers working in prose, poetry and correspondence and addresses the breadth of women’s contribution to the literature of the age. Isbell also details the important events which shaped the writers’ lives and contextualises their work amidst the liberties both given and taken away from women during the period.
This anthology fills a significant gap in the secondary literature on this transformative century, which often overlooks women who were working and active. It invites a further gendered investigation of the impact of revolution and Romanticism on the content and nature of French women’s writing, and will therefore be appropriate for both general readers, students, and academics analysing history and literature through a feminist lens.
11. Adélaïde Marie Émilie de Souza-Botelho
Authors: Isbell John Claiborne 
Published: July 2023

Destins de femmes is the first comprehensive overview of French women writers during the turbulent period of 1750-1850. John Isbell provides an essential collection that illuminates the impact women writers had on French literature and politics during a time marked by three revolutions, the influx of Romantic art, and rapid technological change.
Each of the book’s thirty chapters introduces a prominent work by a different female author writing in French during the period, from Germaine de Staël to George Sand, from the admired salon libertine Marie du Deffand to Flora Tristan, tireless campaigner for socialism and women’s rights. Isbell draws from multi-genre writers working in prose, poetry and correspondence and addresses the breadth of women’s contribution to the literature of the age. Isbell also details the important events which shaped the writers’ lives and contextualises their work amidst the liberties both given and taken away from women during the period.
This anthology fills a significant gap in the secondary literature on this transformative century, which often overlooks women who were working and active. It invites a further gendered investigation of the impact of revolution and Romanticism on the content and nature of French women’s writing, and will therefore be appropriate for both general readers, students, and academics analysing history and literature through a feminist lens.
Study on Chemical Constituents of the Enriched Extracts of Erigeron multiradiatus and Anti-thrombotic Effect on Zebrafish
Authors: Li Li , Jin Wenfang , Wang Yue , Yang Li , Zhang Zhi-Feng 
Published: July 2023

Background Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindl.) Benth. has been used for years to treat various diseases in Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM). Our previous studies have shown that E. multiradiatus extract has important pharmacological effects, such as anti-myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. To date, there have been no reports on using this extract to treat thrombosis. Objectives The aim of this study was to enrich the active components of E. multiradiatus and to further investigate its anti-thrombotic activity. Materials and Methods We used D101 macroporous adsorption resin to enrich the main active substances of E. multiradiatus and performed quantitative determination using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UHPLC-PDA). Furthermore, we investigated the anti-thrombotic effects of E. multiradiatus using three models: an arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation thrombotic zebrafish model, a phenylhydrazine-induced red blood cell (RBC)-injuring thrombotic zebrafish model, and a ponatinib-induced vascular endothelial cell (VEC)-injuring thrombotic zebrafish model. Results The yield of active component enrichment of E. multiradiatus was 4.95% using the D101 resin. We accurately determined eight compounds in the extract. Our results showed that these extracts had significant anti-thrombotic effects in the three different zebrafish models. Conclusion The enriched extract of E. multiradiatus could be used as a natural anti-thrombotic agent. Our results will provide a reference for reasonable clinical applications of E. multiradiatus.
Exploring senior managers’ experiences preparedness to respond to COVID-19: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Najafi Hojatolah , Kavosi Zahra , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Karimi Jalal , Marzale Milad Ahmadi , Bijani Mostafa , Peyravi Mahmoudreza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Epidemics caused by emerging respiratory viruses are challenging for the health system of most societies, and preparedness of the health system in responding to such epidemics is important. Therefore, the aim of this study was identifying different fields and key issues of the senior managers’ experiences preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from the Iranian senior managers’ point of view.

Methods
This is a qualitative descriptive study. Eighteen in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews were conducted for data collection. For this purpose, 18 senior managers with work experience in managing the COVID-19 crisis were enrolled in the study using purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.

Results
Analysis of the data resulted in the emergence of five themes and twelve sub-themes. The main themes and sub-themes included: (1) capacity improvement consisting of performance improvement and logistic improvement; (2) resource and infrastructure management including supply and support of human resources, infrastructure improvement, and supply of equipment; (3) an increase in epidemiology capacity including epidemiology improvement and emerging disease surveillance; (4) application of the principles of disaster and emergency management including intra- and extra-organizational interaction management, disaster risk management, and data management; and (5) society resilience increase including improving adaptation skill and maintaining health and social participation.

Conclusion
The results of this study present the key issues for the management of future emergency situations. Health system managers and policymakers in Iran and other countries should be aware of these key issues and apply them in practice to prepare the health systems to respond to next outbreaks. Indeed, the study results can help policymakers and health system managers to plan to achieve acceptable preparedness for the management of such outbreaks.
Crystal structure of bis{[(cyclohexylimino)(phenylimino)-l5-(methyl)diethylazane-κ
2
N:N′]-(ethyl)-zinc(II)]}, C38H62N6Zn2
Authors: Han Hong-Fei , Li Hao-Yang , Wang Song , Wei Xue-Hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
C38H62N6Zn2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.5907(4) Å, b = 10.6743(4) Å, c = 11.2593(4) Å, α =

107.6980

(
10
)

∘

$107.6980{(10)}^{\circ }$

, β =

113.5840

(
10
)

∘

$113.5840{(10)}^{\circ }$

, γ =

97.2290

(
10
)

∘

$97.2290{(10)}^{\circ }$

, V = 965.12(6) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0232, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0577, T = 200(2) K.
Co‐evolution within the plant holobiont drives host performance
Authors: Mesny Fantin , Hacquard Stéphane , Thomma Bart PHJ 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlants interact with a diversity of microorganisms that influence their growth and resilience, and they can therefore be considered as ecological entities, namely “plant holobionts,” rather than as singular organisms. In a plant holobiont, the assembly of above‐ and belowground microbiota is ruled by host, microbial, and environmental factors. Upon microorganism perception, plants activate immune signaling resulting in the secretion of factors that modulate microbiota composition. Additionally, metabolic interdependencies and antagonism between microbes are driving forces for community assemblies. We argue that complex plant–microbe and intermicrobial interactions have been selected for during evolution and may promote the survival and fitness of plants and their associated microorganisms as holobionts. As part of this process, plants evolved metabolite‐mediated strategies to selectively recruit beneficial microorganisms in their microbiota. Some of these microbiota members show host‐adaptation, from which mutualism may rapidly arise. In the holobiont, microbiota members also co‐evolved antagonistic activities that restrict proliferation of microbes with high pathogenic potential and can therefore prevent disease development. Co‐evolution within holobionts thus ultimately drives plant performance.
Relationship between atmospheric CH 4 and the calculated sea-to-air CH 4 flux
Authors: Zang Kunpeng , Wen Jun , Xu Xuemei , Pan Fengmei , Shen Xiaolong , Wei Kangxuan , Yi Lin , Yuanyuan Chen , Liu Shuo , Xu Honghui , Jiang Yujun , Fang Shuangxi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Effect of atmospheric CH4 mole fraction on sea-to-air CH4 flux was important for assessment of carbon emissions, while it was paid little attention and lack of quantification.
Results
According to the method described by Wanninkhof (2014), the impacts of three different atmospheric CH4 data on the calculated sea-to-air CH4 flux were evaluated. Results showed that, compared to data observed at the Tae-ahn Peninsula station and the simulated MBL-CH4 references, in situ observed atmospheric CH4 mole fraction was 132 and 140 nmol/mol higher in July 2013, and 98 and 132 nmol/mol higher in February 2017 in the Bohai Sea, respectively. The different applied atmospheric CH4 mole fraction induced mean deviations of 1.5 µmol/m2/day in July 2013 and 1.0 µmol/m2/day in February 2017, respectively. In addition, effects of difference among three atmospheric CH4 mole fractions could result in greater deviations of calculated sea-to-air CH4 flux in summer in coastal shallow waters than that in winter in deep regions or open oceans.
Conclusions
From the perspective of narrowing the uncertainty of carbon emission, it was essential to calculate sea-to-air CH4 flux by using the field observed atmospheric CH4 mole fraction, especially in coastal shallow seas.
Synthesis,Characterization, Electronic structure, vibrational assignment, HOMO-LUMO, Mulliken Charge analysis , Docking and Antioxidant studies of (1-benzyl)-2-(2-arylaminothiazol-4-yl)benzimidazole
Authors: anashafer  , paul selvin pragalath 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The compound of (1-benzyl)-2-(2-arylaminothiazol-4-yl)benzimidazole was characterized by IR spectra. The theoretical calculations of the mentioned compound have been carried out using the more popular density functional theory method, Beck’s-3-parameter-Lee Yang Parr (B3LYP) in 6-31G basic set. Optimized geometries of the molecule have been described and collate with the experimental values. The experimental atomic charges demonstrate adequate concurrence with the theoretical prediction from DFT. Theoretical spectral values have been interpreted and compared with FT-IR spectra. The IR spectra are obtained and assigned by vibrational analysis. The Mulliken population analysis on atomic charges has been computed using DFT calculation. A correlation between the theoretical and the experimental spectra has been achieved. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energy gaps also confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The compound C3 was highest activity against Hep-C cell line. Five membered heterocyclic moieties have been proved to posses strong biological activities. Hence a series of noval benzimidazolyl thiazoles were synthesized by multi-step reaction from 2- acetyl benzimidazole and hydroxylamine hydrochloride as starting materials and structure characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were determined by DPPH scavenging assay.The synthesized compounds showed remarkable antioxidant activity