bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of tranexamic acid administration in French war-wounded between October 2016 and September 2020
Authors: Pinna Thibault , Py N , Aigle L , Travers S , Pasquier P , Cazes N 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSince 2013, the French Army Health Service, in agreement with international experts, has recommended the administration of 1 g of tranexamic acid (TXA) in trauma patients in haemorrhagic shock or at risk of bleeding within 3 hours of the trauma.MethodsThe aim of this analysis was to describe the administration of TXA in French military personnel wounded during military operations in the Sahelo-Sahelian band between October 2016 and September 2020. Data were collected from forward health records and hospital data from the French hospital where the casualty was finally evacuated. Underuse of TXA was defined as the lack of administration in casualties who had received a blood transfusion with one or more of red blood cells, low-titre whole blood or French lyophilised plasma within the first 24 hours of injury and overuse as its administration in the non-transfused casualty.ResultsOf the 76 patients included, 75 were men with an average age of 28 years. Five patients died during their management. 19 patients received TXA (25%) and 16 patients were transfused (21%). Underuse of TXA occurred in 3 of the 16 patients (18.8%) transfused. Overuse occurred in 6 of 60 (10%) non-transfused patients.ConclusionThe analysis found an important underuse of TXA (almost 20%) and highlighted the need for optimising the prehospital clinical practice guidelines to aid prehospital medical practitioners more accurately in administering TXA to casualties that will require blood products.
Trends in fatal occupational injury rates among older workers before and after the Great Recession of 2008
Authors: Richey Morgan Miller , Golightly Yvonne , Marshall Stephen William , Novicoff Wendy , Keil Alexander , Nocera Maryalice , Richardson David B 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOlder workers experience higher rates of fatal occupational injury than younger workers worldwide. In North Carolina, the population of older workers more than doubled between 2000 and 2017. In 2008, the Great Recession changed occupational patterns among all age groups. We examined annual rates and distribution of fatal occupational injuries experienced by older workers, comparing the pre-recession period (2000–2007) to the post-recession period (2009–2017).MethodsDetailed information on all fatal occupational injuries during the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 were abstracted from the records of the North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner and the office of vital records. The decennial Census and American Community Survey were used to estimate the population at risk and derive annual rates of fatal occupational injury.ResultsDuring the study period, 537 occupational fatalities occurred among workers 55+ years of age. The rate of fatal occupational injury among older workers declined 2.8% per year, with a 7.7% yearly decline in the pre-recession period compared with a 1.4% increase per year in the post-recession period. Workers 65+ years of age experienced rate increases in both periods. The highest rates of unintentional fatal occupational injury (injuries that were not purposefully inflicted) were observed in forestry, fishing hunting and trapping, and wood building manufacturing. Intentional fatal occupational injury rates (homicide, suicide) were highest in transportation, gas/service stations and grocery/food stores.ConclusionsOlder workers have persistently high rates of fatal occupational injury in North Carolina before and after the Great Recession.
Antibodies against citrullinated proteins of IgA isotype are associated with progression to rheumatoid arthritis in individuals at-risk
Authors: Sokolova Maria V , Hartmann Fabian , Sieghart Daniela , Bang Holger , Steiner Guenter , Kleyer Arnd , Schett Georg , Steffen Ulrike 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveEvents triggering disease outbreak in individuals at-risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA at-risk) remain unclear, and the role of the various anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) isotypes in this process is still to be established. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of IgA ACPA in RA at-risk individuals, their role in the transition from the RA at-risk status to RA and their dynamics during this transition.MethodsCross-sectional measurement of serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA levels was conducted in healthy controls, RA at-risk individuals and patients with RA and compared with the frequency of RA development in at risk individuals during a follow-up of 14 months. In addition, longitudinal measurements of serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA levels prior to, at and after the onset of RA were performed.ResultsApproximately two-thirds of RA at-risk individuals were positive for serum IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA in levels comparable to IgG ACPA positive patients with RA. IgA1, but not IgA2 ACPA positivity was associated with the transition from the RA at-risk state to RA within the following 14 months. Interestingly, during this transition process, IgA1 ACPA levels declined at RA onset and also thereafter during the early phase of RA. This decline was confirmed in a second, independent cohort.ConclusionBoth IgA1 and IgA2 ACPA are present in RA at-risk individuals, but only IgA1 ACPA are associated with the progression to RA. The observed decline in serum IgA1 ACPA levels before the onset of RA might indicate starting barrier leakiness prior to disease outbreak.
Association of aFAM13Avariant with interstitial lung disease in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Higuchi Takashi , Oka Shomi , Furukawa Hiroshi , Shimada Kota , Tsunoda Shinichiro , Ito Satoshi , Okamoto Akira , Katayama Masao , Saisho Koichiro , Shinohara Satoshi , Matsui Toshihiro , Migita Kiyoshi , Nagaoka Shouhei , Tohma Shigeto 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) occasionally occurs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and confers a dismal prognosis. We previously reported that a single-nucleotide variant (SNV) ofMUC5Bwas associated with ILD in RA. However, the pathogenesis of ILD in Japanese patients with RA could not be explained solely by this SNV because its frequency is extremely low in the Japanese population. Here, we examined whether a different idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility SNV might be associated with ILD in Japanese patients with RA.MethodsGenotyping of rs2609255 (G/T) inFAM13Awas conducted in 208 patients with RA with ILD and 420 without chronic lung disease using TaqMan assays.ResultsA significant association with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in RA was detected for rs2609255 under the allele model (p=0.0092,Pc=0.0276, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.11) and recessive model for the G allele (p=0.0003,Pc=0.0009, OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.59 to 4.32).FAM13Ars2609255 was significantly associated with UIP in male patients with RA (p=0.0043, OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.52 to 8.73) under the recessive model.ConclusionsThis study is the first to document an association of rs2609255 with ILD in Japanese patients with RA, implicating it in the pathogenesis of UIP, though studies on the function of rs2609255 are warranted.
Creating and detecting specious randomness
Authors: Almlöf Jonas , Vall Llosera Gemma , Arvidsson Elisabet , Björk Gunnar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a new test of non-randomness that tests both the lower and the upper critical limit of a $\chi ^{2}$

χ
2

-statistic. While checking the upper critical value has been employed by other tests, we argue that also the lower critical value should be examined for non-randomness. To this end, we prepare a binary sequence where all possible bit strings of a certain length occurs the same number of times and demonstrate that such sequences pass a well-known suite of tests for non-randomness. We show that such sequences can be compressed, and therefore are somewhat predictable and thus not fully random. The presented test can detect such non-randomness, and its novelty rests on analysing fixed-length bit string frequencies that lie closer to the a priori probabilities than could be expected by chance alone.
A Cell-Fate Reprogramming Strategy Reverses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Cancer Cells While Avoiding Hybrid States
Authors: Kim Namhee , Hwang Chae Young , Kim Taeyoung , Kim Hyunjin , Cho Kwang-Hyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of primary cancer contributes to the acquisition of lethal properties, including metastasis and drug resistance. Blocking or reversing EMT could be an effective strategy to improve cancer treatment. However, it is still unclear how to achieve complete EMT reversal (rEMT), as cancer cells often transition to hybrid EMT states with high metastatic potential. To tackle this problem, we employed a systems biology approach and identified a core-regulatory circuit that plays the primary role in driving rEMT without hybrid properties. Perturbation of any single node was not sufficient to completely revert EMT. Inhibition of both SMAD4 and ERK signaling along with p53 activation could induce rEMT in cancer cells even with TGFβ stimulation, a primary inducer of EMT. Induction of rEMT in lung cancer cells with the triple combination approach restored chemosensitivity. This cell-fate reprogramming strategy based on attractor landscapes revealed potential therapeutic targets that can eradicate metastatic potential by subverting EMT while avoiding hybrid states.Significance:Network modeling unravels the highly complex and plastic process regulating epithelial and mesenchymal states in cancer cells and discovers therapeutic interventions for reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and enhancing chemosensitivity.
Regular Glucosamine Use May Have Different Roles in the Risk of Site-Specific Cancers: Findings from a Large Prospective Cohort
Authors: Li Fu-Xiao , Zhao Hou-Yu , Lin Teng-Fei , Jiang Yi-Wen , Liu Di , Wei Chang , Zhao Zi-Yi , Yang Zu-Yao , Sha Feng , Yang Zhi-Rong , Tang Jin-Ling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study.Methods:All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings.Results:A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction &lt; 0.027). These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses.Conclusions:Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer.Impact:The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers.
Immediate Angioscopic Investigation After Cerebral Artery Thrombectomy Revealed Aortogenic Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Fukutome Kenji , Shiba Mikio , Mitsui Takaaki , Hamanaka Yuma , Yasuoka Hironao , Aketa Shuta , Motoyama Yasushi , Hirayama Atsushi , Higuchi Yoshiharu 
Published: January 2023

Background
Aortogenic embolism is one of the causes of embolic stroke of undetermined source, which can be difficult to diagnose.

Methods
We present the case of a 74‐year‐old male patient with a history of Bentall surgery and thoracic endovascular aortic repair who was transported to our hospital with sudden‐onset right‐sided hemiplegia and total aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute left middle cerebral artery occlusion. Subsequently, an emergency mechanical thrombectomy was performed, through which the left middle cerebral artery was partially reperfused. We immediately investigated the aorta using an angioscopy.

Results
The angioscopy revealed a thrombus attached to an artificial blood vessel of the aorta close to the origin of the left common carotid artery. Because no other source of the embolus could be identified using electrocardiography or ultrasound, we diagnosed an aortogenic cerebral infarction by combining these findings with the pathological findings of the collected thrombus.

Conclusions
This is the first report that aortogenic cerebral infarction could be diagnosed using an angioscopy immediately after a cerebral artery thrombectomy.
Deep Learning–Based Parameter Transfer in Meteorological Data
Authors: Farokhmanesh Fatemeh , Höhlein Kevin , Necker Tobias , Weissmann Martin , Miyoshi Takemasa , Westermann Rüdiger 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Numerical simulations in Earth-system sciences consider a multitude of physical parameters in space and time, leading to severe input/output (I/O) bandwidth requirements and challenges in subsequent data analysis tasks. Deep learning–based identification of redundant parameters and prediction of those from other parameters, that is, variable-to-variable (V2V) transfer, has been proposed as an approach to lessening the bandwidth requirements and streamlining subsequent data analysis. In this paper, we examine the applicability of V2V to meteorological reanalysis data. We find that redundancies within pairs of parameter fields are limited, which hinders application of the original V2V algorithm. Therefore, we assess the predictive strength of reanalysis parameters by analyzing the learning behavior of V2V reconstruction networks in an ablation study. We demonstrate that efficient V2V transfer becomes possible when considering groups of parameter fields for transfer and propose an algorithm to implement this. We investigate further whether the neural networks trained in the V2V process can yield insightful representations of recurring patterns in the data. The interpretability of these representations is assessed via layerwise relevance propagation that highlights field areas and parameters of high importance for the reconstruction model. Applied to reanalysis data, this allows for uncovering mutual relationships between landscape orography and different regional weather situations. We see our approach as an effective means to reduce bandwidth requirements in numerical weather simulations, which can be used on top of conventional data compression schemes. The proposed identification of multiparameter features can spawn further research on the importance of regional weather situations for parameter prediction and also in other kinds of simulation data.
Subseasonal Representation and Predictability of North American Weather Regimes Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Molina Maria J. , Richter Jadwiga H. , Glanville Anne A. , Dagon Katherine , Berner Judith , Hu Aixue , Meehl Gerald A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on assessing the representation and predictability of North American weather regimes, which are persistent large-scale atmospheric patterns, in a set of initialized subseasonal reforecasts created using the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2). The k-means clustering was used to extract four key North American (10°–70°N, 150°–40°W) weather regimes within ERA5 reanalysis, which were used to interpret CESM2 subseasonal forecast performance. Results show that CESM2 can recreate the climatology of the four main North American weather regimes with skill but exhibits biases during later lead times with overoccurrence of the West Coast high regime and underoccurrence of the Greenland high and Alaskan ridge regimes. Overall, the West Coast high and Pacific trough regimes exhibited higher predictability within CESM2, partly related to El Niño. Despite biases, several reforecasts were skillful and exhibited high predictability during later lead times, which could be partly attributed to skillful representation of the atmosphere from the tropics to extratropics upstream of North America. The high predictability at the subseasonal time scale of these case-study examples was manifested as an “ensemble realignment,” in which most ensemble members agreed on a prediction despite ensemble trajectory dispersion during earlier lead times. Weather regimes were also shown to project distinct temperature and precipitation anomalies across North America that largely agree with observational products. This study further demonstrates that unsupervised learning methods can be used to uncover sources and limits of subseasonal predictability, along with systematic biases present in numerical prediction systems.

Significance Statement
North American weather regimes are large-scale atmospheric patterns that can persist for several days. Their skillful subseasonal (2 weeks or greater) prediction can provide valuable lead time to prepare for temperature and precipitation anomalies that can stress energy and water resources. The purpose of this study was to assess the climatological representation and subseasonal predictability of four key North American weather regimes using a research subseasonal prediction system and clustering analysis. We found that the Pacific trough and West Coast high regimes exhibited higher predictability than other regimes and that skillful representation of conditions across the tropics and extratropics can increase predictability during later lead times. Future work will quantify causal pathways associated with high predictability.
Understanding and detecting behaviours prior to a suicide attempt: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Onie Sandersan , Li Xun , Glastonbury Kate , Hardy Rebecca C , Rakusin Dori , Wong Iana , Liang Morgan , Josifovski Natasha , Brooks Anna , Torok Michelle , Sowmya Arcot , Larsen Mark E 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Prior research suggests there are observable behaviours preceding suicide attempts in public places. However, there are currently no ways to continually monitor such sites, limiting the potential to intervene. In this mixed-methods study, we examined the acceptability and feasibility of using an automated computer system to identify crisis behaviours. Methods: First, we conducted a large-scale acceptability survey to assess public perceptions on research using closed-circuit television and artificial intelligence for suicide prevention. Second, we identified crisis behaviours at a frequently used cliff location by manual structured analysis of closed-circuit television footage. Third, we configured a computer vision algorithm to identify crisis behaviours and evaluated its sensitivity and specificity using test footage. Results: Overall, attitudes were positive towards research using closed-circuit television and artificial intelligence for suicide prevention, including among those with lived experience. The second study revealed that there are identifiable behaviours, including repetitive pacing and an extended stay. Finally, the automated behaviour recognition algorithm was able to correctly identify 80% of acted crisis clips and correctly reject 90% of acted non-crisis clips. Conclusion: The results suggest that using computer vision to detect behaviours preceding suicide is feasible and well accepted by the community and may be a feasible method of initiating human contact during a crisis.
Nodular Fasciitis in the Preauricular Area in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jeong Junhui 
Published: January 2023

Nodular fasciitis is a benign myofibroblastic and fibroblastic proliferative lesion that can be found in the subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and fascia. It is frequently observed in young adults aged 20 to 40 years and less commonly in pediatric patients. Rapid growth, high cellularity, and remarkable mitotic activity of this lesion could lead to misdiagnosis as a soft tissue sarcoma. Here, two cases of nodular fasciitis in the preauricular area in pediatric patients were reported. Nodular fasciitis in the preauricular area in a pediatric patient is rare. It could be confused with soft tissue sarcoma. However, nodular fasciitis should be suspected in a pediatric patient with a rapidly growing mass in the head and neck region. Surgical excision should be performed to confirm the histopathologic diagnosis when clinical diagnosis is uncertain and there is possibility of malignancy.
Milk Calcium and Phosphorus in Ugandan Women with HIV on Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Nabwire Florence , Hamill Matthew M. , Fowler Mary Glenn , Kekitiinwa Adeodata , Prentice Ann 
Published: January 2023

Background: Breastfed infants depend on human milk calcium and phosphorus for bone mineral accretion and growth. We reported greater mobilization of bone mineral and delayed skeletal recovery in lactating Ugandan women with HIV initiated on tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy compared to HIV-uninfected counterparts in the Gumba Study. However, it is unknown if these disruptions in maternal bone metabolism affect milk mineral concentrations. Research Aim: To compare concentrations and patterns of change in milk calcium and phosphorus between lactating women with and without HIV. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted to compare milk mineral concentrations between women with HIV receiving tenofovir-based ART and uninfected women in the Gumba Study. Milk collected at 2, 14, 26, and 52 weeks lactation was analyzed for calcium and phosphorus. Sodium and potassium were measured at 2 and 14 weeks to detect sub-clinical mastitis. Differences in milk composition between 84 women with HIV and 81 uninfected women were investigated. Results: Women with HIV had higher milk calcium than uninfected women at 14 weeks. The percent difference was +10.2% ( SE = 3.0, p = .008) and there was a tendency to greater values at 2 and 26 weeks. Milk calcium decreased in both groups during lactation ( p ≤ .001) but was more pronounced in women with HIV. The magnitude of change within individuals in the 1st year of lactation from 2 to 52 weeks was −28.3% ( SE 3.9) versus −16.5% ( SE 3.5), p for interaction = .05. Differences in milk phosphorus and calcium-to-phosphorus ratio were smaller and mostly not significant. Conclusions: Participants with HIV on tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy had altered milk mineral composition. Studies are needed to investigate mechanisms and health implications for the woman and infant.