bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear and non-linear properties of the Goldreich–Schubert–Fricke instability in stellar interiors with arbitrary local radial and latitudinal differential rotation
Authors: Dymott R W , Barker A J , Jones C A , Tobias S M 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the linear and non-linear properties of the Goldreich–Schubert–Fricke (GSF) instability in stellar radiative zones with arbitrary local (radial and latitudinal) differential rotation. This instability may lead to turbulence that contributes to the redistribution of angular momentum and chemical composition in stars. In our local Boussinesq model, we investigate varying the orientation of the shear with respect to the ‘effective gravity’, which we describe using the angle ϕ. We first perform an axisymmetric linear analysis to explore the effects of varying ϕ on the local stability of arbitrary differential rotations. We then explore the non-linear hydrodynamical evolution in three dimensions using a modified shearing box. The model exhibits both diffusive GSF instability and a non-diffusive instability that occurs when the Solberg-Høiland criteria are violated. We observe the non-linear development of strong zonal jets (‘layering’ in the angular momentum) with a preferred orientation in both cases, which can considerably enhance turbulent transport. By varying ϕ, we find instability with mixed radial and latitudinal shears transports angular momentum more efficiently (particularly if adiabatically unstable) than cases with purely radial shear (ϕ = 0). By exploring the dependence on box size, we find the transport properties of the GSF instability to be largely insensitive to this, implying we can meaningfully extrapolate our results to stars. However, there is no preferred length-scale for adiabatic instability, which therefore exhibits strong box-size dependence. These instabilities may contribute to the missing angular momentum transport required in red giant and subgiant stars and drive turbulence in the solar tachocline.
The cosmological star formation history from the Local Cosmological Volume of galaxies and constraints on the matter homogeneity
Authors: Haslbauer Moritz , Kroupa Pavel , Jerabkova Tereza 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The Lilly–Madau plot is commonly interpreted as the history of the cosmic star formation of the Universe by showing the co-moving star formation rate density (SFRD) over cosmic time. Therefore, the Lilly–Madau plot is sensitive not only to the star formation history (SFH) but also to the number density of galaxies. Assessing the Catalogue of Neighbouring Galaxies, we reconstruct the SFHs of galaxies located in the Local Cosmological Volume (LV) based on delayed-τ and power-law SFH models. Galaxies with stellar masses of $M_{*} \gtrsim 10^{10}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ typically evolve according to the delayed-τ model by having first increasing followed by exponentially declining SFRs, while the majority of less massive star-forming galaxies have an almost constant or increasing SFH. Deducing the cosmic SFRD evolution of the LV reveals that the SFHs of local galaxies are inconsistent with the Lilly–Madau plot. The SFRDs of the LV are significantly lower at redshifts of $z \lesssim 3$ underestimating the Lilly–Madau peak at z = 1.86 by a factor of 2.16 ± 0.32 (delayed-τ model) and 5.90 ± 0.88 (power-law model). Assuming the delayed-τ model for galaxies with $M_{*} \ge 10^{10}\, {\rm M_{\odot }}$ and a power-law model for less massive galaxies, the SFRD is 2.22 ± 0.33 lower than measured at z = 1.86. This inconsistency between the evolution of the local and global SFRD has cosmological implications. Since the Lilly–Madau plot also constrains the cosmological matter field, the near-constancy of SFHs of LV galaxies could imply that the peak of the Lilly–Madau plot at z = 1.86 is the imprint of an ≈5 co-moving Gpc-scale inhomogeneity.
The cross-correlation of galaxies in absorption with the Lyman α forest
Authors: Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Pieri Matthew M , Blomqvist Michael , Morrison Sean , Som Debopam , Cuceu Andrei 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first clustering measurement of Strong Blended Lyman α (SBLA) absorption systems by measuring their cross-correlation with the Lyman α forest. SBLAs are a new population of absorbers detected within the Lyman α forest. We find a bias of 2.329 ± 0.057, consistent with that of Damped Lyman α absorbers (DLAs). For DLAs, we recover a bias of 2.331 ± 0.057 larger than previously reported. We also find a redshift space distortion parameter β = 0.417 ± 0.010, also consistent with the recovered value for DLAs (β = 0.416 ± 0.010). This is consistent with SBLA and DLA systems tracing different portions of the circumgalactic medium of a broadly common population of galaxies. Given these common clustering properties, we combined them to perform a cross-correlation of galaxies in absorption with the Lyα forest. We find that the BAO scale uncertainty of this new measurement is 1.75 × that of Lyα autocorrelation and 1.6 × that of the quasar cross-correlation with the Lyα forest. We note that the current preferred metal contamination model for fitting the correlation functions with respect to the Lyα forest is not realistic enough for SBLA systems, likely due to their status as high redshift precision sites of high metal enrichment. Mock spectra including SBLA systems and their associated metal absorption are required to understand this sample fully. We conclude that SBLAs have the potential to complement the standard Lyα cosmological analyses in future surveys.
On the new mechanism of planetary long-period debris formation around white dwarfs
Authors: Shestakova Lyubov I , Serebryanskiy Aleksander V 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
To explain the phenomenon of metal pollution of white dwarfs (WD) photospheres, we compared three main fragmentation mechanisms of small bodies (SB): tidal force, thermal destruction, and sublimation when SB fall on to WD along star-grazing orbits. The temperatures of the WDs lie in the range of 3000–15 000 K. We consider two materials, using their internal strength: crystalline ice and chondrite. We show that inside the Roche limit, ice bodies (ISB) ranging in size from 60 m to 150 km are destroyed by tidal forces. The corresponding sizes of stony bodies (SSB) range from 90 m to 130 km. Bodies of centimetre size are subject to sublimation. The thermal destruction mechanism is effective for bodies whose size lies in the interval where tidal forces and sublimation are not so effective, destroying SSBs smaller than 50 m and ISBs smaller than 1 km near stars with ${T}_\rm{eff} \le 15\, 000$ K. Such bodies are totally destroyed by thermal tensile stresses long before they reach the Roche limit. There may be observable manifestations of SB falling in the form of short-term flashes of the order of a second from SSB with sizes ≤ 100 m and WD curtaining with dust tails from ISB, causing WD dimming for a short time of the order of an hour. We conjecture that SB, moving along elongated elliptical orbits at large distances from the star, disintegrates by thermal destruction. The fragments from debris discs have nothing to do with the Roche limit.
High frequency study of FRB 20180916B using the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope
Authors: Bethapudi S , Spitler L G , Main R A , Li D Z , Wharton R S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
FRB 20180916B is a repeating fast radio burst (FRB) with an activity period of 16.33 d. In previous observations ranging from ∼150−1400 MHz, the activity window was found to be frequency dependent, with lower frequency bursts occurring later. In this work, we present the highest frequency detections of bursts from this FRB, using the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope at 4−8 GHz. We present the results from two observing campaigns. We performed the first campaign over an entire activity period which resulted in no detections. The second campaign was done in an active window at 4−8 GHz which we predicted from our modelling of chromaticity, resulting in eight burst detections. The bursts were detected in a window of 1.35 d, 3.6 d preceding the activity peak seen by Canadian hydrogen intensity mapping experiment, suggesting the chromaticity extends to higher frequency. The detected bursts have narrower temporal widths and larger spectral widths compared to lower frequencies. All of them have flat polarization position angle sweeps and high polarization fractions. The bursts also exhibit diffractive scintillation due to the Milky Way, following a f3.90 ± 0.05 scaling, and vary significantly over time. We find that burst rate across frequency scales as f−2.6 ± 0.2. Lastly, we examine implications of the frequency dependency on the source models.
Shared Evolutionary Path in Social Microbiomes
Authors: Frazão Nelson , Gordo Isabel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social networks can influence the ecology of gut bacteria, shaping the species composition of the gut microbiome in humans and other animals. Gut commensals evolve and can adapt at a rapid pace when colonizing healthy hosts. Here, we aimed at assessing the impact of host-to-host bacterial transmission on Escherichia coli evolution in the mammalian gut. Using an in vivo experimental evolution approach in mice, we found a transmission rate of 7% (±3% 2× standard error [2SE]) of E. coli cells per day between hosts inhabiting the same household. Consistent with the predictions of a simple population genetics model of mutation–selection–migration, the level of shared events resulting from within host evolution is greatly enhanced in cohoused mice, showing that hosts undergoing the same diet and habit are not only expected to have similar microbiome species compositions but also similar microbiome evolutionary dynamics. Furthermore, we estimated the rate of mutation accumulation of E. coli to be 3.0 × 10−3 (±0.8 × 10−3 2SE) mutations/genome/generation, irrespective of the social context of the regime. Our results reveal the impact of bacterial migration across hosts in shaping the adaptive evolution of new strains colonizing gut microbiomes.
Sex differences in the survival benefit of kidney transplantation: a retrospective cohort study using target trial emulation
Authors: Geroldinger Angelika , Strohmaier Susanne , Kammer Michael , Schilhart-Wallisch Christine , Heinze Georg , Oberbauer Rainer , Haller Maria C 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for eligible patients with kidney failure who need renal replacement therapy. However, it remains unclear whether the anticipated survival benefit from kidney transplantation is different for women and men.

Methods
We included all dialysis patients recorded in the Austrian Dialysis and Transplant Registry who were waitlisted for their first kidney transplant between 2000 and 2018. In order to estimate the causal effect of kidney transplantation on 10-year restricted mean survival time, we mimicked a series of controlled clinical trials and applied inverse probability of treatment and censoring weighted sequential Cox models.

Results
This study included 4408 patients (33% female) with a mean age of 52 years. Glomerulonephritis was the most common primary renal disease both in women (27%) and men (28%). Kidney transplantation led to a gain of 2.22 years (95% CI 1.88 to 2.49) compared with dialysis over a 10-year follow-up. The effect was smaller in women (1.95 years, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.41) than in men (2.35 years, 95% CI 1.92 to 2.70) due to a better survival on dialysis. Across ages the survival benefit of transplantation over a follow-up of 10 years was smaller in younger women and men and increased with age, showing a peak for both women and men aged about 60 years.

Conclusions
There were few differences in survival benefit by transplantation between females and males. Females had better survival than males on the waitlist receiving dialysis and similar survival to males after transplantation.
Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance in kidney transplanted patients: novel insights into long-term outcomes
Authors: Meuleman Marie-Sophie , Mouyabi Steven , Gueguen Juliette , Vicca Stéphanie , Divard Gillian , Aubert Olivier , Bienaimé Frank , Arnulf Bertrand , Anglicheau Dany , Bridoux Frank , Cohen Camille 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Because of increased access to kidney transplantation in elderly subjects, the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies of unknown significance (MGUS) in kidney transplantation (KT) is growing. However, little is known about the consequences of MGUS on long-term outcomes.

Methods
We identified 70 recipients with MGUS present at transplantation (KTMG) and 114 patients with MGUS occurring after KT (DNMG), among 3059 patients who underwent a KT in two French kidney transplantation centers. We compared outcomes of KTMG with those of matched controls.

Results
Baseline characteristics were similar except for an older age in KTMG compared with the DNMG group (62 vs 57 years, P = .03). Transient MGUS occurred more frequently in DNMG patients (45% vs 24%, P = .007). When compared with matched controls without MGUS, KTMG patients showed higher frequency and earlier post-transplant solid cancers (15% vs 5%, P = .04) and a trend for more bacterial infections (63% vs 48%, P = .08), without difference regarding patient and graft survival, rejection episodes or hematological complications. KTMG patients with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio and/or severe hypogammaglobulinemia at the time of KT experienced shorter overall survival.

Conclusions
MGUS detection at the time of KT is neither associated with a higher occurrence of graft rejection, nor adversely affects graft or overall survival. MGUS should not contraindicate KT. However, MGUS at the time of KT may be associated with higher risk of early neoplastic and infectious complications and warrants prolonged surveillance. Measurement of serum free light chain should be performed before transplant to refine the risk evaluation of KTMG patients and propose personalized follow-up and immunosuppression.
Randomized phase III trial of metabolic imaging-guided dose escalation of radio-chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (SPECTRO GLIO trial)
Authors: Laprie Anne , Noel Georges , Chaltiel Leonor , Truc Gilles , Sunyach Marie-Pierre , Charissoux Marie , Magne Nicolas , Auberdiac Pierre , Biau Julian , Ken Soléakhéna , Tensaouti Fatima , Khalifa Jonathan , Sidibe Ingrid , Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Vieillevigne Laure , Catalaa Isabelle , Boetto Sergio , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Supiot Stéphane , Bernier Valérie , Filleron Thomas , Mounier Muriel , Poublanc Muriel , Olivier Pascale , Delord Jean-Pierre , Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) systematically recurs after a standard 60 Gy radio-chemotherapy regimen. Since magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has been shown to predict the site of relapse, we analyzed the effect of MRSI-guided dose escalation on overall survival (OS) of patients with newly diagnosed GBM.

Methods
In this multicentric prospective phase III trial, patients who had undergone biopsy or surgery for a GBM were randomly assigned to a standard dose (SD) of 60 Gy or a high dose (HD) of 60 Gy with an additional simultaneous integrated boost totaling 72 Gy to MRSI metabolic abnormalities, the tumor bed and residual contrast enhancements. Temozolomide was administered concomitantly and maintained for 6 months thereafter.

Results
One hundred and eighty patients were included in the study between March 2011 and March 2018. After a median follow-up of 43.9 months (95% CI [42.5; 45.5]), median OS was 22.6 months (95% CI [18.9; 25.4]) versus 22.2 months (95% CI [18.3; 27.8]) for HD, and median progression-free survival was 8.6 (95% CI [6.8; 10.8]) versus 7.8 months (95% CI [6.3; 8.6]), in SD versus HD, respectively. No increase in toxicity rate was observed in the study arm. The pseudoprogression rate was similar across the SD (14.4%) and HD (16.7%) groups. For O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylated patients, the median OS was 38 months (95% CI [23.2; NR]) for HD patients versus 28.5 months (95% CI [21.1; 35.7]) for SD patients.

Conclusion
The additional MRSI-guided irradiation dose totaling 72 Gy was well tolerated but did not improve OS in newly diagnosed GBM.

Trial registration
NCT01507506; registration date: December 20, 2011. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01507506?cond=NCT01507506&rank=1
Association of vitamin D and cognition in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: da Silva Alice D , Oliveira Julia S , de Castro Isabela C , Paiva Wanderléia C , Gomes Júnia M G , Pimenta Laura C J P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and impaired cognitive function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective
To critically and systematically review the literature on the association between vitamin D status and cognitive performance in people with type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources
This review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2”, “Cognitive Function”, and “Vitamin D”.

Data Extraction
Eight observational and 1 randomized study were included, containing data of 14 648 adult and elderly individuals (19–74 y). All extracted data were compiled, compared, and critically analyzed.

Data Analysis
There is no strong evidence that lower serum concentrations of vitamin D and vitamin D–binding protein are associated with worsening cognitive function in individuals with T2DM. Vitamin D supplementation (12 wk) improved the scores of some executive functioning tests, although there was no difference between low doses (5000 IU/wk) and high doses (50 000 IU/wk).

Conclusions
There is no high-quality evidence demonstrating an association between vitamin D status and cognitive function, or clinical benefits on cognition from vitamin D supplementation in individuals with T2DM. Future studies are needed.
Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021261520.
Evaluation of Hepatitis C Treatment Outcomes Among Patients Enrolled in Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy—Boston, Massachusetts, 2016–2021
Authors: Gupta Akash , Ashour Dina , Shebl Fatma M , Platt Laura , Chiosi John J , Nelson Sandra B , Ard Kevin L , Kim Arthur Y , Bassett Ingrid V 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In our Boston-based outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) program between 2016 and 2021, we found that a low proportion of patients with active hepatitis C virus (HCV) were prescribed HCV treatment by their OPAT provider and few achieved sustained virologic response. Clinicians should consider concurrent HCV treatment during OPAT.
Barometers Behaving Badly II: a Critical Evaluation of Cpx-Only and Cpx-Liq Thermobarometry in Variably-Hydrous Arc Magmas
Authors: Wieser Penny E , Kent Adam J R , Till Christy B 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The chemistry of erupted clinopyroxene crystals (±equilibrium liquids) have been widely used to deduce the pressures and temperatures of magma storage in volcanic arcs. However, the large number of different equations parameterizing the relationship between mineral and melt compositions and intensive variables such as pressure and temperature yield vastly different results, with implications for our interpretation of magma storage conditions. We use a new test dataset composed of the average Clinopyroxene-Liquid (Cpx-Liq) compositions from N = 543 variably hydrous experiments at crustal conditions (1 bar to 17 kbar) to assess the performance of different thermobarometers and identify the most accurate and precise expressions for application to subduction zone magmas. First, we assess different equilibrium tests, finding that comparing the measured and predicted Enstatite-Ferrosillite and KD (using Fet in both phases) are the most useful tests in arc magmas, whereas CaTs, CaTi and Jd tests have limited utility. We then apply further quality filters based on cation sums (3.95–4.05), number of analyses (N &gt; 5) and the presence of reported H2O data in the quenched experimental glass (hereafter ‘liquid’) to obtain a filtered dataset (N = 214). We use this filtered dataset to compare calculated versus experimental pressures and temperatures for different combinations of thermobarometers. A number of Cpx-Liq thermometers perform very well when liquid H2O contents are known, although the Cpx composition contributes little to the calculated temperature relative to the liquid composition. Most Cpx-only thermometers perform very badly, greatly overestimating temperatures for hydrous experiments. These two findings demonstrate that the Cpx chemistry alone holds very little temperature information in hydrous systems.
Most Cpx-Liq and Cpx-only barometers show similar performance to one another (mostly yielding root mean square errors [RMSEs] of 2–3.5 kbar), although the best Cpx-only barometers currently outperform the best Cpx-Liq barometers. We also assess the sensitivity of different equations to melt H2O contents, which are poorly constrained in many natural systems. Overall, this work demonstrates that Cpx-based barometry on individual Cpx only provides sufficient resolution to distinguish broad storage regions in continental arcs (e.g. upper, mid, lower crust). Significant averaging of Cpx compositions from experiments reported at similar pressures can reduce RMSEs to ~1.3–1.9 kbar. We hope our findings motivate the substantial amount of experimental and analytical work that is required to obtain precise and accurate estimates of magma storage depths from Cpx ± Liq equilibrium in volcanic arcs.
A robotic system for automated genetic manipulation and analysis ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Li Zihao , Fouad Anthony D , Bowlin Peter D , Fan Yuying , He Siming , Chang Meng-Chuan , Du Angelica , Teng Christopher , Kassouni Alexander , Ji Hongfei , Raizen David M , Fang-Yen Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the most widely studied organisms in biology due to its small size, rapid life cycle, and manipulable genetics. Research with C. elegans depends on labor-intensive and time-consuming manual procedures, imposing a major bottleneck for many studies, especially for those involving large numbers of animals. Here, we describe a general-purpose tool, WormPicker, a robotic system capable of performing complex genetic manipulations and other tasks by imaging, phenotyping, and transferring C. elegans on standard agar media. Our system uses a motorized stage to move an imaging system and a robotic arm over an array of agar plates. Machine vision tools identify animals and assay developmental stage, morphology, sex, expression of fluorescent reporters, and other phenotypes. Based on the results of these assays, the robotic arm selectively transfers individual animals using an electrically self-sterilized wire loop, with the aid of machine vision and electrical capacitance sensing. Automated C. elegans manipulation shows reliability and throughput comparable with standard manual methods. We developed software to enable the system to autonomously carry out complex protocols. To validate the effectiveness and versatility of our methods, we used the system to perform a collection of common C. elegans procedures, including genetic crossing, genetic mapping, and genomic integration of a transgene. Our robotic system will accelerate C. elegans research and open possibilities for performing genetic and pharmacological screens that would be impractical using manual methods.
Sutured manifolds and ℓ2-Betti numbers
Authors: Herrmann Gerrit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using the virtual fibering theorem of Agol, we show that a sutured 3-manifold $(M, R_{+},R_{-},\gamma)$ is taut if and only if the $\ell^{2}$-Betti numbers of the pair $(M,R_{-})$ are zero. As an application, we can characterize Thurston norm minimizing surfaces in a 3-manifold N with empty or toroidal boundary by the vanishing of certain $\ell^{2}$-Betti numbers.