bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Stackelberg reinsurance-investment game with derivatives trading
Authors: Gao Rui , Bai Yanfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper studies a stochastic Stackelberg differential reinsurance-investment game with derivatives trading under a stochastic volatility model. The reinsurer who occupies a monopoly position can price a reinsurance premium and invest her wealth in the financial market consisting of a riskless asset and a stock and derivatives tied to the stock. The insurer, the follower of the Stackelberg game, purchases proportional reinsurance from the reinsurer and invests in the same financial market. The main target of the reinsurer and the insurer is to seek their own optimal strategy to maximize the CARA utility of the relative performance. An explicit equilibrium strategy with derivatives trading is deduced by solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations sequentially. The equilibrium investment strategy demonstrates that the insurer and the reinsurer imitate each other’s investment strategies, showing a herd effect. In numerical experiments, the sensitivity of the equilibrium strategy to model parameters is analyzed. For the optimal investment strategy, we find that a short position in the derivative may switch to a long position with parameters changing, which provides investors with important decision-making information.
The assessment of climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Correia Filho Washington Luiz Félix , de Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco , Santiago Dimas de Barros , Abdo Hazem Ghassan , Almohamad Hussein , Al Dughairi Ahmed Abdullah , da Silva Junior Carlos Antonio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The Cerrado is the most biodiverse savanna and maintains other biomes. Aware of its significance, this paper evaluated the Brazilian Cerrado’s climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects using remote sensing data and spatial statistics (correlation analysis and principal components analysis—PCA). Following the measures of sample adequacy (MSA) and Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) tests, seventeen variables were evaluated.

Results
The MSA revealed that the dataset had a good quality (0.76), and nine variables were selected: elevation, evapotranspiration, active fires, Human Development Index (HDI), land use and land cover (LULC; shrubland and cropland/rainfed), rainfall (spring and autumn), and livestock. The correlation matrix indicated a positive (negative) association between HDI and autumn rainfall (HDI and active fires) with a value of 0.77 (− 0.55). The PCA results determined which three principal components (PC) were adequate for extracting spatial patterns, accounting for 68.02% of the total variance with respective values of 38.59%, 16.89%, and 12.5%. Due to economic development and agribusiness, Cerrado’s northern (central, western, and southern) areas had negative (positive) score HDI values, as shown in PC1. Climatic (rainfall—spring and fall) and environmental (cropland/rainfed and shrubland) aspects dominated the PC2, with negative scores in northern and western portions due to the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes caused by rainfall variability. On the other hand, environmental aspects (LULC-shrubland and elevation) influenced the PC3; areas with high altitudes (> 500 m) received a higher score.

Conclusion
Agricultural expansion substantially affected LULC, leading to deforestation-caused suppression of native vegetation.
Revision and validation of the prosocialness scale for adults (PSA) among chinese college students
Authors: Zhan Qisheng , Wang Su , Li Chengze , Li Mengri , Liu Dan , Peng Wei , Song Fanglin , Shi Tongxiao , Li Yonghui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Although prosocial behavior plays an important role in the development of individuals, there are few prosocial measurements for college students. This study examines the applicability of the Prosocialness Scale for Adults to a sample of Chinese college students and provides a measurement tool for prosocial behavior among Chinese college students.

Methods
Three sub-studies were conducted in this study to revise the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (PSA) and verify its applicability in Chinese college students. In Study 1, the translated Prosocialness Scale for Adults (PSA) was used to test (N = 436). In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out (N = 576). The Scale of School Adjustment for College Students, the Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy, the Prosocial Tendencies Measure, and the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory were used to test the concurrent validity. And the internal consistency reliability of the scale was tested. In Study 3, the test-retest reliability of the scale was tested 4 weeks after the completion of Study 2.

Results
The results show that the scale has a good single-factor structure (χ2/df = 4.180, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.922, GFI = 0.937, IFI = 0.937, NFI = 0.919, AGFI = 0.907, RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.042). The total score was positively correlated with the scores of the Scale of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (r = 0.394, p < 0.001), the Scale of School Adjustment for College Students (r = 0.429, p < 0.001), the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (r = 0.456, p < 0.001) ,and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (r = 0.619, p < 0.001). The internal consistency reliability was robust (α = 0.890) and the test-retest reliability was 0.801.

Conclusion
These studies show that the Chinese version of the Prosocialness Scale for Adults (PSA) has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure the prosocial behavior of Chinese college students.
Effect of nano-calcium carbonate on morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings
Authors: Gao Yu , Chen Shuang , Li Yajun , Shi Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo meet the human demand for crop productivity, there are several challenges that researchers are involved in the photosynthetic efficiency of plants may be one of them. Nanotechnology can improve agricultural productivity by affecting the photosynthetic activity of plants. However, no studies have yet shown that nano-calcium carbonate (NCC) can play a role in improving photosynthetic performance of plants. In order to explore the effects of NCC on wheat seedling morphology, antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic parameters, wheat roots were exposed to different concentrations of NCC (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg L−1) through hydroponic experiments. Different concentrations affected root length, root surface area, root diameter, root volume and plant dry biomass. Compared to the control (0 mg L−1 of NCC) application (CK), wheat with 200 mg L−1 of NCC application showed 54% and 58% increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, respectively. As for photosynthesis-related physiological indicators, compared with CK, 200 mg L−1 of NCC significantly enhanced chlorophyll a (38%), chlorophyll b (20%), carotenoid content (19%), Rubisco activity (3.02-fold), net photosynthetic rate (Pn, 56%), transpiration rate (Tr, 40%), and stomatal conductance (Gs, 71%). The PCR results showed that compared with CK, the psbA gene encoding the photosystem PSII reaction center D1 protein and the rbcL gene encoding the large subunit of Rubisco were up-regulated by 2.56- and 2.58-fold at 200 mg L−1 NCC treatment, and by 3.22- and 3.57-fold at 400 mg L−1 NCC treatment, respectively. Specifically, NCC has significant benefits on wheat seedling growth, and 200 mg L−1 is the optimal concentration. NCC enhanced photosynthetic performance of wheat by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic pigment content, Rubisco activity, stomatal conductance and PSII reaction center activity.
Graphical Abstract
Stabilization and improved functionality of three-dimensional perfusable microvascular networks in microfluidic devices under macromolecular crowding
Authors: Wan Ho-Ying , Chen Jack Chun Hin , Xiao Qinru , Wong Christy Wingtung , Yang Boguang , Cao Benjamin , Tuan Rocky S. , Nilsson Susan K. , Ho Yi-Ping , Raghunath Michael , Kamm Roger D. , Blocki Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background

There is great interest to engineer
in vitro
models that allow the study of complex biological processes of the microvasculature with high spatiotemporal resolution. Microfluidic systems are currently used to engineer microvasculature
in vitro
, which consists of perfusable microvascular networks (MVNs). These are formed through spontaneous vasculogenesis and exhibit the closest resemblance to physiological microvasculature. Unfortunately, under standard culture conditions and in the absence of co-culture with auxiliary cells as well as protease inhibitors, pure MVNs suffer from a short-lived stability.

Methods
Herein, we introduce a strategy for stabilization of MVNs through macromolecular crowding (MMC) based on a previously established mixture of Ficoll macromolecules. The biophysical principle of MMC is based on macromolecules occupying space, thus increasing the effective concentration of other components and thereby accelerating various biological processes, such as extracellular matrix deposition. We thus hypothesized that MMC will promote the accumulation of vascular ECM (basement membrane) components and lead to a stabilization of MVN with improved functionality.

Results

MMC promoted the enrichment of cellular junctions and basement membrane components, while reducing cellular contractility. The resulting advantageous balance of adhesive forces over cellular tension resulted in a significant stabilization of MVNs over time, as well as improved vascular barrier function, closely resembling that of
in vivo
microvasculature.

Conclusion
Application of MMC to MVNs in microfluidic devices provides a reliable, flexible and versatile approach to stabilize engineered microvessels under simulated physiological conditions.
Exploring the cultural perspectives and implications of infertility among couples in the Talensi and Nabdam Districts of the upper east region of Ghana
Authors: Kuug Anthony Kolsabilik , James Sindiwe , Sihaam Jardien-Baboo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Infertility remains a major clinical and social problem, affecting approximately one in every 10 couples. It is a reproductive health condition that is silently experienced with deep repercussions in the essence of self. In Ghana childbearing is considered a social prestige, where the couples are unduly pressurized to bear children for purposes of genealogical continuity.

Purpose
This study explored the cultural perspectives and implications among males and females experiencing infertility in the Talensi and Nabdam districts of the Upper East Region of Ghana.

Methods
This study used an ethnographic design to explore the perspectives of couples on socio-cultural beliefs about infertility on 15 participants made up of 8 male and 7 female couple units. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique while semi-structured interviews were used to explore the cultural implications on male and female couple units. The data were analysed using Tesch’s method of analysing qualitative data.

Results
Two broad themes and five subthemes emerged from the data analysis regarding the cultural implications of infertility. The major themes and subthemes include: (1) Varying cultural perceptions of infertility (Cultural beliefs and perceptions regarding causes of infertility, cultural consequences of infertility and traditional remedies for infertility), and (2) family dynamics stemming from infertility (abuse from family members, and parenthood as a standard for family inheritance).

Conclusions
This study adduces evidence of the cultural implications of infertility in rural Ghana. Considering the cultural inclination of most Ghanaian communities, especially the current study setting, it is imperative that policymakers and public health practitioners should consider fertility interventions that are culturally sensitive. Also, culturally sensitive intervention programs that are targeted at increasing the awareness of the rural population on fertility and its treatment should be considered.
Outcome of Children and Adolescents With Primary Intracranial Germinoma Treated With Chemotherapy and Reduced Dose-Field Irradiation: A Prospective Brazilian Experience
Authors: Cappellano Andrea Maria , Dassi Natalia , Mançano Bruna , Epelman Sidnei , Almeida Daniela B. , Cavalheiro Sergio , Dastoli Patricia A. , Seixas Maria Teresa , Nicacio Jardel M. , Costa Marcos D. , Silva Frederico A. , Aguiar Simone S. , Almeida Carlos R. , Teixeira Gustavo R. , Chen Michael , Figueiredo Maria Luisa , Silva Nasjla S. , Finlay Jonathan L. 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSEThis prospective Brazilian single-arm trial was conducted to determine response to chemotherapy and survival after response-based radiotherapy in children with intracranial germinomas, in the setting of a multi-institutional study in a middle-income country (MIC) with significant disparity of subspecialty care.PATIENTS AND METHODSSince 2013, 58 patients with histologic and/or serum and CSF tumor marker evaluations of primary intracranial germ cell tumors were diagnosed; 43 were germinoma with HCGβ levels ≤200 mIU/mL and five between 100 and 200 mIU/mL. The treatment plan consisted of four cycles of carboplatin and etoposide followed by 18 Gy whole-ventricular field irradiation (WVFI) and primary site(s) boost up to 30 Gy; 24 Gy craniospinal was prescribed for disseminated disease.RESULTSMean age 13.2 years (range, 4.7-25.5 years); 29 were males. Diagnosis was made by tumor markers (n = 6), surgery (n = 25), or both (n = 10). Two bifocal cases with negative tumor markers were treated as germinoma. Primary tumor location was pineal (n = 18), suprasellar (n = 14), bifocal (n = 10), and basal ganglia/thalamus (n = 1). Fourteen had ventricular/spinal spread documented by imaging studies. Second-look surgery occurred in three patients after chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients achieved complete responses after chemotherapy, and eight showed residual teratoma/scar. Toxicity was mostly grade 3/4 neutropenia/thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 44.5 months, overall and event-free survivals were 100%.CONCLUSIONThe treatment is tolerable, and WVFI dose reduction to 18 Gy preserves efficacy; we have demonstrated the feasibility of successfully conducting a prospective multicenter trial in a large MIC despite resource disparity.
Role of predator-prey reversal in rock-paper-scissors models
Authors: Avelino P. P. , de Oliveira B. F. , Trintin R. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this letter we consider a single parameter generalization of the standard three species Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) model allowing for predator-prey reversal. This model, which shall be referred to as κRPS model, incorporates bidirectional predator-prey interactions between all the species in addition to the unidirectional predator-prey interactions of the standard RPS model. We study the dynamics of a May-Leonard formulation of the κRPS model using lattice-based spatial stochastic simulations with random initial conditions. We find that if the simulation lattices are sufficiently large for the coexistence of all three species to be maintained, the model asymptotically leads to the formation of spiral patterns whose evolution is qualitatively similar to that of the standard RPS model, albeit with larger characteristic length and time scales. We show that if the likelihood of predator-prey reversal is sufficiently large there are two distinct scaling regimes: one transient curvature dominated regime in which the characteristic length of the population network grows with time and another where it becomes a constant. We also estimate the dependence of the asymptotic value of the characteristic length of the population network on the likelihood of predator-prey reversal and show that if the simulation lattices are not sufficiently large then predator-prey reversal could potentially have a negative impact on coexistence. Finally, we interpret these results by considering the much simpler dynamics of circular domains.
Rapid manoeuvre of fan worms (Annelida: Sabellidae) through tubes
Authors: Jiang Wei , Sun Yu , Wu Zhigang , Pan Zhao , Bok Michael J. , Wu Jianing 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Multiple variables determine the success of an escape response of an animal, and the rapidity of the escape manoeuvre is often the most important. Fan worms (Annelida: Sabellidae) can rapidly withdraw their tentacles, which are covered in heavily ciliated ramifications called pinnules, into their tubes to protect them from approaching threats. Here, we explore the dynamic and mechanistic features behind this escape manoeuvre. The escape responses of fan worms were recorded by high-speed videography and quantified by computerized motion analysis, showing an ultrahigh retraction speed of 272±135 mm s−1 (8±4 body lengths s−1). We found that fan worms possess powerful muscle-driven systems, which can generate contractive forces up to 36 times their body weight. In order to achieve these rapid, forceful movements through seawater without damaging their tentacles, fan worms have developed functional morphological adaptations to reduce fluidic drag, including the flattening of their radiolar pinnules and the deformation of bodily segmental ridges. Our hydrodynamic models indicate that these mechanical processes can decrease fluidic drag by 47%, trapped mass by 75% and friction coefficient by 89%. These strategies allow fan worms to execute rapid escape responses and could inspire the design of fast in-pipe robots.
Broodstock development, induced spawning and larval rearing of the bilih, Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852), a vulnerable species, and its potential as a new aquaculture candidate
Authors: Syandri Hafrijal , Azrita Azrita , Thamrin Rinold , Zen Deni , D. Roza Hendrik , Chandra Eduard Orah Jimmy , Abdurahman Maman , Yuza Alif , Irvan Irvan , Afriwan Afriwan 
Published: April 2023

Background: Mystacoleucus padangensis living in Lake Singkarak, Indonesia, has high potential market demand but is threatened by overfishing and has not been successfully cultured. This study describes the first broodstock development, induced breeding, and larval rearing of M. padangensis. Methods: A total of 1,000 female and 1,000 male broodfish were collected from the wild and reared in two concrete ponds (128 m2) at the Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, P.T. Semen Padang, Indonesia. The broodfish were fed commercial feed to satiation at 09:00 and 17:00 h. The females (average weight 7.56 ± 0.85 g) and males (4.86 ± 1.20 g) were selected at a ratio of 1:4 (female:male), and gonad maturation was induced with a single dose of GnRH analogue (Ovaprim) of 0.1 ml/fish. At 16 h after hormone injection, eggs were collected individually into a plastic vessel. Spermatozoa were collected with sterile syringes. Eggs were fertilized using the "dry" method, and 0.5 ml samples (equal to 100 eggs) were taken. The eggs were incubated in a plastic strainer with a water volume of 1.57 litres and placed in a tarpaulin pond with a volume of 150.72 litres. Results: The overall hatching rate was 78.93 ± 4.13%. The newly hatched larvae were 3900.81 µm long, with a yolk sac of 82881.480 µm2. The mouth opened at 72 DPH with a gape measuring approximately 61.880 µm. The protocol of larval feeding started with artificial feed, followed by Artemia nauplii up to 30 DPH. Weaning of larvae started at 4 DPH. Larvae started metamorphosis by 15 DPH and ended by 22 DPH when the larvae reached 7430.27 µm. Larval rearing resulted in an average survival rate of 28.4 ± 3.04%. Conclusions: Its successful spawning induction and high larval hatching and survival rates make M. padangensis an excellent aquaculture candidate.
Neurophysiological determinants of occupational stress and burnout
Authors: Mikołajewski Dariusz , Masiak Jolanta , Mikołajewska Emilia 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionResearch results show that one of the greatest health challenges of the 21st century, especially in developed countries, is becoming the fight against the effects of living too fast, including the fight against occupational stress and burnout.
Aim of the study
The purpose of this article is to elucidate the neurophysiological determinants of occupational stress and burnout, including ocupational, including through the path of research review and the development of computational models based on artificial intelligence.
Materials and methods
A literature search was conducted in six bibliographic databases: PubMed, EBSCO, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Articles were searched in English using the following keywords: occupational stress, burnout, marker, electroencephalography, EEG, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, fMRI, computed tomography, CT, positron emission tomography, PET, computational model, machine learning, artificial intelligence, virtual patient, digital twin and similar. Neurophysiological determinants of occupational stress and burnout as far as computational models of occupational stress and burnout were analysed and discussed.
Results
The best currently observed neurophysiological markers of occupational stress and burnout may currently be a combination of EEG analysis (alpha power (IAF, PAF), P300, ERP (VPP and EPN)), diagnostic PET imaging (ACC, insular cortex and hippocampus) and monitoring changes in cortisol, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and thyroid hormones, as well as plasma BDNF levels. In addition, ERPs (LPPs) are a marker significantly differentiating burnout from depression.
Conclusions
The combination of traditional clinimetric tests, the aforementioned neurophysiological tests and AI-based big data analysis will provide new classifiers, highly accurate results and new diagnostic methods.
Experimental comparison between photoconductive and graphene-based photogating detection in a UV-A region
Authors: Neisiani Zahra Sadeghi , Khaje Mahdi , Majd Abdollah Eslami , Mehrfar Amir Hossein 
Published: April 2023

Photoconductive detectors that use intrinsic absorbent materials include a wide range of detectors. In this paper, a photoconductive detector is fabricated using a titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film. The mechanism of the photodetector is changed to the photogating mechanism by transferring monolayer graphene onto the TiO2 thin film, which shows a great responsivity with a slight change in the fabrication process. Since the maximum responsivity can be obtained by applying and adjusting the gate voltage, the gate voltage is set in all experiments, and the effect of the gate voltage is investigated in both detectors. It is observed that by increasing the gate voltage, the responsivity of the photogating detector increases to 40 A/W at a gate voltage of 15 V. However, in the photoconductive detector, the increase in the gate voltage does not have a particular effect on the detector responsivity. In the photogating detector, the increase in the responsivity due to the increase in the gate voltage is attributed to applying the gate voltage to the graphene layer and not the absorber layer. The efficiency of both detectors is confirmed up to a frequency of 5 kHz.