bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Follow-up and Risk of Recurrence of Internal Herniation after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Zaigham Hassan , Ekelund Mikael , Regnér Sara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Internal herniation (IH) is the most common complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). Although primary closure has reduced the incidence, recurrences are a continued problem. This study aimed to investigate long-term follow-up and recurrence risk of IH surgery.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of laparoscopic RYGB operated patients operated for a first IH between April 2012 and April 2015 at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden. Status of primary closure of mesenteric gaps, time since RYGB, and findings at IH surgery were retrieved from medical records. Follow-up until December 31st, 2019, included recurrences of IH, number of computed tomography (CT) scans, emergency visits, readmissions, and other acute surgeries.

Results
IH (n = 44) occurred almost equally in Petersen’s space (n = 24) and beneath the jejunojejunostomy (n = 20). Long-term follow-up (median 75 months) of 43 patients registered an IH recurrence rate of 14% (n = 6). All recurrences occurred in the other mesenteric gap. One patient suffered a third IH, and one patient had four IH events. During follow-up, 56% (n = 24) had ER visits for abdominal pain, 47% (n = 20) had ≥ 1 abdominal CT scan, and 40% (n = 17) were readmitted. A third of readmitted (6/17) patients suffered a recurrence of internal herniation. Two other patients were readmitted ≥ 10 times for chronic abdominal pain.

Conclusion
Surgery for IH had a low risk of recurrence at the treated mesenteric gap, but a 14% recurrence risk at the other mesenteric gap, emphasizing the importance of carefully investigating weaknesses or gaps at the other mesenteric defect during surgery for IH.

Graphical Abstract
Image Registration in Longitudinal Bone Assessment Using Computed Tomography
Authors: Liu Han , Durongbhan Pholpat , Davey Catherine E. , Stok Kathryn S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rigid image registration is an important image processing tool for the assessment of musculoskeletal chronic disease. In this paper, we critically review applications of rigid image registration in terms of similarity measurement methods over the past three years (2019–2022) in the context of monitoring longitudinal changes to bone microstructure and mechanical properties using computed tomography. This review identifies critical assumptions and trade-offs underlying different similarity measurement methods used in image registration and demonstrates the effect of using different similarity measures on registration outcomes.

Recent Findings
Image registration has been used in recent studies for: correcting positional shifts between longitudinal scans to quantify changes to bone microstructural and mechanical properties over time, developing registration-based workflows for longitudinal assessment of bone properties in pre-clinical and clinical studies, and developing and validating registration techniques for longitudinal studies.

Summary
In evaluating the recent literature, it was found that the assumptions at the root of different similarity measures used in rigid image registration are not always confirmed and reported. Each similarity measurement has its advantages and disadvantages, as well as underlying assumptions. Breaking these assumptions can lead to poor and inaccurate registration results. Thus, care must be taken with regards to the choice of similarity measurement and interpretation of results. We propose that understanding and verifying the assumptions of similarity measurements will enable more accurate and efficient quantitative assessments of structural changes over time.
The Effects of Pension Communication on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour: An Integrative Review of Evidence and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Haupt Marlene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStructural changes in multi-pillar systems require greater individual responsibility for retirement saving. Therefore, in recent years, the need for multi-pillar pension information systems has been increasingly discussed in many countries. These discussions have either culminated in the introduction of various digital pension overviews or a planned rollout in the next few years. We provide an integrative review of existing international research on the use of pension communication and its effects on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of individuals. Small positive changes have been found in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and retirement planning behaviour because of the information provided. The paper concludes with a discussion of emerging issues, new research directions, and practical implications of pension communication in ageing societies.
Motivation-Based Segmentation of Visitors to a UNESCO Global Geopark
Authors: Amaro Suzanne , Chaves Nair Balula , Henriques Carla , Barroco Cristina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven the sustained growth that Geotourism has experienced worldwide, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of geotourists. Therefore, this study aims to examine visitors’ motivations for visiting geoparks, segment them accordingly, and characterize each segment. An online questionnaire was developed to collect information from visitors of the Arouca Geopark—UNESCO Global Geopark and was completed by 607 who had visited this park at least once. Respondents were asked about their motivations for visiting the park using 18 items that were combined into five dimensions through exploratory factor analysis. These dimensions (Escape, Relaxation and Enjoyment, Novelty Seeking and Nature, Knowledge, Socialization, and Sports and Adrenaline) were the basis for a cluster analysis that revealed four segments of visitors: the Want it All Geotourists (representing 27% of the sample), that have the highest levels for all motivations; the True Geotourists (19.9%) which highest levels of motivations were on the three motivations that typically define a geotourist: nature/adventure, knowledge seeking, and socialization; the Sensation Seekers (34.4%) whose strongest motivations were sports/adrenaline and escape from routine; the Accidental Geotourists (18.6%) who scored lowest for all motivations and are motivated essentially by the escape from routine and by nature/adventure. These segments were then further profiled based on other variables such as age, gender, satisfaction, and quality of experience. The segmentation and description of each segment found in this study provide a better understanding of the typology of visitors to geoparks, which is crucial for better management of such places.
Methodology for selecting measurement points that optimize information gain for model updating
Authors: Bertola Numa , Wang Ze Zhou , Cao Wen-jun , Smith Ian F. C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInformation collected through sensor measurements has the potential to improve knowledge of complex-system behavior, leading to better decisions related to system management. In this situation, and particularly when using digital twins, the quality of sensor data determines the improvement that sensors have on decision-making. The choice of the monitoring system, including sensor types and their configuration, is typically made using engineering judgement alone. As the price of sensor devices is usually low, large sensor networks have been implemented. As sensors are often used to monitor at high frequencies over long periods, very large data sets are collected. However, model predictions of system behavior are often influenced by only a few parameters. Informative data sets are thus difficult to extract as they are often hidden amid redundant and other types of irrelevant data when updating key parameter values. This study presents a methodology for selecting informative measurements within large data sets for a given model-updating task. By selecting the smallest set that maximizes the information gain, data sets can be significantly refined, leading to increased data-interpretation efficiency. Results of an excavation case study show that the information gains with refined measurement sets that are much smaller than the entire data set are better than using the data set prior to refinement for the same probability of identification, while the computational time of model updating is significantly reduced. This methodology thus supports engineers for significant data filtering to improve model-updating performance.
Emotion-aware music tower blocks (EmoMTB ): an intelligent audiovisual interface for music discovery and recommendation
Authors: Melchiorre Alessandro B. , Penz David , Ganhör Christian , Lesota Oleg , Fragoso Vasco , Fritzl Florian , Parada-Cabaleiro Emilia , Schubert Franz , Schedl Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMusic listening has experienced a sharp increase during the last decade thanks to music streaming and recommendation services. While they offer text-based search functionality and provide recommendation lists of remarkable utility, their typical mode of interaction is unidimensional, i.e., they provide lists of consecutive tracks, which are commonly inspected in sequential order by the user. The user experience with such systems is heavily affected by cognition biases (e.g., position bias, human tendency to pay more attention to first positions of ordered lists) as well as algorithmic biases (e.g., popularity bias, the tendency of recommender systems to overrepresent popular items). This may cause dissatisfaction among the users by disabling them to find novel music to enjoy. In light of such systems and biases, we propose an intelligent audiovisual music exploration system namedEmoMTB . It allows the user to browse the entirety of a given collection in a free nonlinear fashion. The navigation is assisted by a set of personalized emotion-aware recommendations, which serve as starting points for the exploration experience.EmoMTB adopts the metaphor of a city, in which each track (visualized as a colored cube) represents one floor of a building. Highly similar tracks are located in the same building; moderately similar ones form neighborhoods that mostly correspond to genres. Tracks situated between distinct neighborhoods create a gradual transition between genres. Users can navigate this music city using their smartphones as control devices. They can explore districts of well-known music or decide to leave their comfort zone. In addition,EmoMTB integrates an emotion-aware music recommendation system that re-ranks the list of suggested starting points for exploration according to the user’s self-identified emotion or the collective emotion expressed inEmoMTB ’s Twitter channel. Evaluation ofEmoMTB has been carried out in a threefold way: by quantifying the homogeneity of the clustering underlying the construction of the city, by measuring the accuracy of the emotion predictor, and by carrying out a web-based survey composed of open questions to obtain qualitative feedback from users.
Risk of Flash Floods in Urban and Rural Municipalities Triggered by Intense Precipitation in Wielkopolska of Poland
Authors: Pińskwar Iwona , Choryński Adam , Graczyk Dariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis research analyzed interventions of State Fire Service (SFS) units in the Wielkopolska region of Poland that were triggered by extreme precipitation for the period 2010–2021. Our results demonstrated that the most populated and urbanized towns in the Wielkopolska (Greater Poland, west of Warsaw) region are at the most risk in the event of extreme precipitation occurrence as measured by the total number of interventions made by the SFS. The number of SFS unit interventions in towns, standardized to 10,000 inhabitants, indicates that the highest proportional volume of interventions also occurred in smaller towns. In the rural municipalities the number of SFS unit interventions increases along with higher population density and proportion of infrastructure areas. As analyzed in this study, the 12 years from 2010 to 2021 were characterized by a higher number of days with heavy precipitation, for example, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm, in comparison to the previous periods 1961–2010 and 1981–2010. Intervention databases collected by emergency services are a valuable source of information for hazard mapping. Based on those and other available data, a statistical model was created and factors influencing the local and regional occurrence of interventions were determined. Increasing suburbanization, the rising proportion of impermeable surfaces, and the impact of climate change are of considerable importance in urban flood risk. It is necessary to help municipalities develop abilities to absorb larger amounts of rainwater.
Technology in scientific practice: how H. J. Muller used the fruit fly to investigate the X-ray machine
Authors: Komel Svit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the practice turn, the role technologies play in the production of scientific knowledge has become a prominent topic in science studies. Much existing scholarship, however, either limits technology to merely mechanical instrumentation or uses the term for a wide variety of items. This article argues that technologies in scientific practice can be understood as a result of past scientific knowledge becoming sedimented in materials, like model organisms, synthetic reagents or mechanical instruments, through the routine use of these materials in subsequent research practice. The proposed theoretical interpretation of technology is examined through a case where a model organism—Drosophila melanogaster—acted as a technology for investigating a contested biological effect of a mechanical instrument: Hermann J. Muller’s experiments on X-ray mutagenicity in the 1920s. The article reconstructs how Muller employed two syntheticDrosophilastocks as tests for measuring X-rays’ capacity to cause genetic aberration. It argues that past scientific knowledge sedimented in theDrosophilastocks influenced Muller’s perception of X-ray-induced mutation. It further describes how Muller’s concept of X-ray mutagenicity sedimented through the adoption of X-ray machines as a ready-made resource for producing mutants by other geneticists, for instance George Beadle and Edward Tatum in their experiments onNeurospora crassa, despite ongoing disputes surrounding Muller’s conclusions. Technological sedimentation is proposed as a potential explanation why sedimentation and disputation may often coexist in the history of science.
Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale
Authors: Larionow Paweł , Preece David A. , Mudło-Głagolska Karolina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale (PERS) is a 30-item self-report questionnaire that assesses the ease of activation, intensity, and duration of negative and positive emotions. Our study aimed to introduce and validate the Polish version of the PERS. The study was performed on a sample of 491 people (349 females and 142 males) aged 18–84 (M = 24.78, SD = 10.96). The factor structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent and divergent validity were assessed based on the relationship between the PERS and markers of anxiety, depression, and stress. For assessing criterion validity, we conducted a set of multiple regression analyses to examine whether PERS scores could predict significant variance in these mental health symptoms. We examined discriminant validity by conducting a second-order exploratory factor analysis of PERS scores and anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Our results indicated strong factorial validity, conforming to the intended 6-factor (subscale) structure. As expected, all PERS subscales correlated in expected directions with markers of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. The PERS showed good discriminant validity in terms of measuring an emotional reactivity construct across positive and negative emotions that was separable from people’s current level of distress. Internal consistency reliability was also good. Overall, the Polish version of the PERS appears to have good psychometric properties as a comprehensive measure of emotional reactivity.
Fit for purpose? The patents regime, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and sustainable development
Authors: Bostrom Allison , Nayyar Shivani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article uses data from several publicly available databases to show that the distribution of intellectual property for frontier technologies, including those useful for sustainable development, is very highly skewed in favor of a handful of developed countries. The intellectual property rights (IPR) regime as it exists does not optimize the global flow of technology and know-how for the attainment of the sustainable development goals and is in need of updating. Some features of the Fourth Industrial Revolution imply that the current system of patents is even more in need of reform than before. COVID-19 vaccines and therapies and the vast inequality in access to these has highlighted the costs of inaction. We recommend several policy changes for the international IPR regime. Broadly, these fall into three categories: allowing greater flexibility for developing countries, reassessing the appropriateness of patents for technologies that may be considered public goods, and closing loopholes that allow for unreasonable intellectual property protections.
Eggnog: process optimization and characterization of a dairy-based beverage
Authors: Sharma Kamini , Singh Ashish Kumar , Maddipatla Dharani Kumar , Deshwal Gaurav Kr , Rao Priyanka Singh , Sharma Heena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEggnog, a dairy-based beverage, comprises both milk and egg proteins. We aimed at optimizing the eggnog formulation using Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology. The combined effects of milk (60–75), cream (25–35) and eggnog base (6–8, all three as g 100/ml) were investigated on heat coagulation time, viscosity and thermal gelation temperature. ANOVA indicated that experimental data were well explained by a quadratic model with high check values (R2 > 0.94) and non-significant lack of fit tests. Based on the responses, an optimized formulation of eggnog with 60.0 milk, 25.0 cream and 6.50 eggnog base (as g 100/ml), could be considered best for manufacturing eggnog with desired attributes. This optimized formulation was characterized for physico-chemical, microbial and sensory attributes and the results indicated significantly higher fat and protein content than control formulation, but lesser lactose and total sugar content. Significantly higher viscosity, heat stability and lower thermal gelation temperature were also observed for the optimized formulation. Coliform, yeast and mold, E. coli and Salmonella counts were not detected in any sample but a significantly lower total plate count was observed for the optimized formulation.
Cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted therapy for severe depression: exploratory findings from a decision analytic model
Authors: McCrone Paul , Fisher Henry , Knight Clare , Harding Rebecca , Schlag Anne K. , Nutt David J. , Neill Joanna C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:There is growing evidence to support the use of the psychedelic drug psilocybin for difficult-to-treat depression. This paper compares the cost-effectiveness of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) with conventional medication, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and the combination of conventional medication and CBT.Methods:A decision model simulated patient events (response, remission, and relapse) following treatment. Data on probabilities, costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from previous studies or from best estimates. Expected healthcare and societal costs and QALYs over a 6-month time period were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were used to address uncertainty in parameter estimates.Results:The expected healthcare cost of PAP varied from £6132 to £7652 depending on the price of psilocybin. This compares to £3528 for conventional medication alone, £4250 for CBT alone, and £4197 for their combination. QALYs were highest for psilocybin (0.310), followed by CBT alone (0.283), conventional medication alone (0.278), and their combination (0.287). Psilocybin was shown to be cost-effective compared to the other therapies when the cost of therapist support was reduced by 50% and the psilocybin price was reduced from its initial value to £400 to £800 per person. From a societal perspective, psilocybin had improved cost-effectiveness compared to a healthcare perspective.Conclusions:Psilocybin has the potential to be a cost-effective therapy for severe depression. This depends on the level of psychological support that is given to patients receiving psilocybin and the price of the drug itself. Further data on long-term outcomes are required to improve the evidence base.
Increasing ethnicity reporting to better understand cultural needs accessing a primary care talking therapy service
Authors: Murshed Maisha , Doherty Rebecca , Mhojatoleslami Sepideh , Tarabi Said Aris , Rammohan Anupama 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground:The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the under-utilisation of statutory mental health care services by minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom (UK).Aim:To improve ethnicity reporting to better understand the needs of patients accessing a primary care talking therapies service.Method:We conducted a clinical audit to observe outcomes from pre-COVID (2019), first wave of COVID-19 (2020) and 2021 for three broad ethnic categories: black African/Caribbean, Asian and white British. Intervention was conducted on staff to improve data recording of ethnicity. A patient survey was sent to those identified as dropped out from treatment from May 2020 to April 2021. A total of 229 patients responded to the survey. The survey asked for reasons that impacted on not continuing with sessions.Results:Quantitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference on discharge outcome between white British and black African/Caribbean (p=<0.0001), with black African/Caribbean patients most likely to drop out of treatment, and in 2020 the Asian population was below the recovery target of 50%. Qualitative analysis revealed therapist factors included lack of confidence in therapist and not being listened to, patient factors included neurodiversity, being unsure whether it would be helpful and confidentiality concerns, and service factors included being notified of discharge from the service, remote delivery of therapy, treatment options, and treatment materials.Discussions:Services must work towards improving service provision by capturing hidden disparities and socialising treatment to meet the needs of minority ethnic groups in the UK. The present study recommends culturally adapted treatment and co-producing therapy materials.
ENSO Diversity and the Simulation of Its Teleconnections to Winter Precipitation Extremes Over the US in High Resolution Earth System Models
Authors: Mahajan Salil , Passarella Linsey S. , Tang Qi , Keen Noel D. , Caldwell Peter M. , van Roekel Luke P. , Golaz Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccounting for the diversity in El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)'s spatial pattern, with the novel ENSO longitudinal index (ELI), we evaluate the simulation of its teleconnections to US winter precipitation extremes by seven global high‐resolution (HR) Earth System Models (ESM). Six (four) HR ESMs simulate the observed increase in precipitation extremes over Southwest US (Southeast US) during ELI‐defined El Niño events better than their low‐resolution counterparts, which are low‐biased. The stronger ENSO‐dependence over the Southwest US and Southeast US in those models is associated with an improved simulation of moisture flux into the regions and/or storm track activity there. HR ESMs, however, generally overestimate the increase in precipitation extremes over the Pacific‐Northwest during La Niña events. Model bias there is associated with bias in moisture transport into the region during La Niña events, which is amplified by the enhanced vertical mass fluxes in HR.