bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of the State in Child Protection in Hungary during the Period of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Authors: Kovács-Szépvölgyi Enikő 
Published: December 2022

The complex, multi-jurisdictional regulation of child protection in Hungary, coordinating the activities of the competent bodies in this field, emerged during the period of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918). Legislation reflected the change in the way childhood were perceived, recognising that children need additional protection in accordance with their age-related physical and psychological characteristics. In the narrower framework of child protection, administrative child protection dealt with children who had been declared abandoned by the authorities, while judicial child protection dealt with juveniles and children who had been debauched. The two areas were in some ways linked, the legislator’s aim was to ensure cooperation between the public administration and the justice system for the protection of children.
Questions of Judicial Interpretation of Certain Felonies in the Trial of the People’s Commissioners of the Soviet Republic of Hungary
Authors: Bendegúz Borisz 
Published: December 2022

Following the fall of the Soviet Republic of Hungary, the criminal prosecution of the political leaders of the former Bolshevik state confronted the courts of the country with a number of problematic questions on the interpretation of both constitutional and criminal law. From a constitutional perspective, establishing the applicable law under which the actions of the defendants would be evaluated was not obvious as the validity of both the Soviet Republic and that of the previous so-called People’s Republic of Hungary were dubious. From a criminal perspective – as at the time being criminal codes lacked specific crimes for the prosecution of political leaders of past dictatorships. Therefore, prosecutors and adjudicating courts tried to evaluate political actions committed using state power as if these would have been committed by private individuals which raised a number of interesting legal problems of interpretation.
Historical Traces of Moral Rights in Common Law
Authors: Hron Igor 
Published: December 2022

The paper aims to track the traces of moral rights in common law, since it is a usual misconception that common law system of copyright protection is incompatible with the moral rights and the rights were consequently adopted to formally satisfy the international legal framework. The paper firstly outlines the regulatory context in which the rights comparable to continental jurisdictions had the chance to be acknowledged. Then it proceeds to an analysis of doctrinal sources as well as case-law of the highest judicial authorities that have touched upon these questions and developed comparable solutions to the jurisdictions traditionally protecting moral rights.
Austria and Artistic Freedom: A Troubled History?
Authors: Gollob Bernhard 
Published: December 2022

Austria perceives itself as “cultural superpower”. Therefore, it seems fairly surprising that an own fundamental rights provision to protect the arts was positivised only in 1982. The socio-political situation in the perished Austrian Empire and the Weimar Constitution had a decisive impact on attempts to adopt a corresponding provision after World War One. Following the horrors of World War Two, the young Second Republic of Austria used arts and culture as tool to draw the picture of a peace-loving “Kulturnation” sui generis. In the following years a significant cleavage between the Austrian self-perception and the legal-political reality can be observed (also) in regard to Artistic Freedom. Neither Austria’s authoritarian past nor its Nazi past and related crimes had a significant impact on the legislative process.
LOOKİNG AT “DESIGN and DESIGNER” FROM a CULTURAL POINT of VIEW
Authors: ARDATÜRK Ahmet Şadi 
Published: December 2022

Design is a phenomenon encompassing multiple fields such as culture, technique, art, and sociology. The design, which constitutes a kind of buffer zone due to its position, exists in direct and indirect relations with the ipseity of life. In a multidisciplinary structure, the organization of inputs from each different field is one of the core elements at the heart of design. The designed object, on the other hand, is an entity emerging from the combination of culture and technique in terms of providing an aesthetic and ergonomic solution to the existing need and having the potency to shape the way of living and habit. The paradigms used in design fall outside the zeitgeist when created solely based on conventional data and pre-existing knowledge. The needs and culture that move alongside time also form the essence of culture. This formation, in fact, is a depiction of the way of life. The shaped environment, again, involves movement whether with places or metas; it evolves and changes with a dynamic nature. The design is also a phenomenon that shares this dynamism in the most basic sense and takes form within its own timeframe. The ability to use this dynamic nature either in a negative or positive direction finds existence under the responsibility of the designer. The design-related core that is created by the culture, once again, reaches a point where it creates the culture.
The purpose of this study is to interpret the role of the contemporary design object in our reality by discussing sections from the definitions of metas as well as from the meanings attributed to their social cores and contents within the design process from industrial production to our present day. In this regard, the study discusses the relevance and relation of the design to the concepts of culture, consumption, and meta. Moreover, based on the formation of the 21st-century modern world, this interpretation process provides an insight into the place where the design and designer stand and should stand.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe STAD
Authors: Nuryati  
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika dengan menggunakan model Kooperatif Tipe Stad pada kelas VI SDN.236/IX Aur Duri II Muaro Jambi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Desain PTK menggunakan model Kemmis dan Taggart yang meliputi perencanaan, tindakan dan observasi, serta refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, angket, dan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Subjeknya adalah siswa kelas VI SDN.236/IX Aur Duri II Muaro Jambi yang berjumlah 14 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase hasil belajar, hal ini dapat dilihat dari ketuntasan KKM siswa dari kegiatan pratindakan dan setiap siklus, yaitu pada pra tindakan sebesar 46%, pada siklus I sebesar 57,14% tingkat keberhasilan, kemudian dilaksanakan tindakan kembali dan meningkat menjadi 71% di siklus II. Namun karena hal ini masih belum mencukupi tingkat keberhasilan, maka dari itu dilaksanakan lah siklus III yang memperoleh hasil 85.71%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model Kooperatif Tipe Stad dalam pembelajaran MTK dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF WUS ABOUT HIGH RISK IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Muhida Vega 
Published: December 2022

Background: Every pregnant woman has the potential for danger during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Until now, in all parts of the world, high-risk pregnancies are still a problem in health services, especially in developing countries. In Indonesia, the MMR decreased during the period 1991-2015 from 390 to 305 per 100,000 live births. However, this achievement is still far from the MDGs target of 102 per 100,000 live births. Until 2015 the target of the MDGs has not been achieved. While the target for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the MMR target is 70 per 100,000 live births in 2030. In relation to high-risk pregnancies, at the Kramatwatu Health Center there were 739 high-risk pregnancies found in 2021, while in the village of Pejaten, there are still many women of childbearing age who are pregnant or give birth at a risky age of 83. From these conditions, complications can result from high-risk pregnancies such as miscarriage, premature birth, genetic disorders and death. This can occur due to lack of knowledge about high-risk pregnancies. This research method is descriptive research with cross sectional or cross sectional design. This research was conducted in Pejaten Village, Kramatwatu Serang Banten. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling. Primary data collection was carried out using a questionnaire containing 25 questions filled out by respondents. In addition, the research output will be published in the Poltekkes journal (Jurnal of Applied Health). More than half (58.3%) of respondents still have less knowledge about high risk in pregnancy. Factors Age, education, occupation, history of pregnancy and sources of information related to the level of knowledge of wus about high risk in pregnancy.
This research can help provide information to develop new strategies that are more appropriate in an effort to reduce high risk in pregnancy in the Kramatwatu Health Center area, especially in Pejaten village.
Relasi Wabah dengan Tindakan Destruktif dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Irul Syachirul A'dhom Al-Fajri 
Published: December 2022

When the corona virus hit almost all corners of the earth, there was an assumption that this virus was a form of God's wrath against the injustice that befell some groups of Muslims. although it is true that in various verses Allah tells of the punishment that was revealed to the previous people as a sanction for the destructive actions they did. however, even if the assumption is true, in many explanations it is also explained that Allah is most merciful, most merciful even to those who commit sins, and Allah's mercy is far wider than His punishment.
For this reason, in addition to testing these assumptions, this paper also wants to offer a new perspective in reading the verses of the Koran which narrate about plagues, disasters, punishments, and deviations, namely the point of view of grace. Thus, this research method is included in library research, because the research focuses on examining three stories of the previous people, namely the Pharaohs, the Samuds and the 'Ad who were given the punishment of plague and plague as their transgressions.
Preliminary revision of the Indian cuckoo wasp genera Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 and Chrysidea Bischoff, 1910, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Authors: Rosa Paolo , Aswathi Pokkattu Gopi , Wiśniowski Bogdan , Bijoy Chenthamarakshan 
Published: December 2022

The genera Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 and Chrysidea Bischoff, 1910 from India are reviewed. A new species, Trichrysis poseidonia sp. nov. from India and Nepal is described. Trichrysis bengalensis (Mocsáry, 1889) is revalidated from the previous synonymy with T. lusca (Fabricius, 1804). Trichrysis inops (Gribodo, 1884) is recorded from India for the first time. The lectotype of Chrysis spectrum Wickwar, 1908 is designated. Chrysis mendicalis Cameron, 1897 is transferred from the genus Trichrysis to the genus Chrysidea. Keys and illustrations are provided for the identification of the eleven species of Trichrysis and the four species of Chrysidea so far known in the country, including a Sri Lankan species.
Cellular features of localized microenvironments in human meniscal degeneration: a single-cell transcriptomic study
Authors: Fu Weili , Chen Sijie , Yang Runze , Li Chen , Gao Haoxiang , Li Jian , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: December 2022

Background:Musculoskeletal tissue degeneration impairs the life quality and function of many people. Meniscus degeneration is a major origin of knee osteoarthritis and a common threat to athletic ability, but its cellular mechanism remains elusive.Methods:We built a cell atlas of 12 healthy or degenerated human meniscus samples from the inner and outer meniscal zones of 8 patients using scRNA-seq to investigate meniscal microenvironment homeostasis and its changes in the degeneration process and verified findings with immunofluorescent imaging.Results:We identified and localized cell types in inner and outer meniscus and found new chondrocyte subtypes associated with degeneration. The observations suggested understandings on how cellular compositions, functions, and interactions participated in degeneration, and on the possible loop-like interactions among extracellular matrix disassembly, angiogenesis, and inflammation in driving the degeneration.Conclusions:The study provided a rich resource reflecting variations in the meniscal microenvironment during degeneration and suggested new cell subtypes as potential therapeutic targets. The hypothesized mechanism could also be a general model for other joint degenerations.Funding:The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972123, 82172508, 62050178, 61721003), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1200901), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015SCU04A40); The Innovative Spark Project of Sichuan University (2018SCUH0034); Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020YFH0075); Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Project (2019-YF05-00090-SN); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence of West China Hospital Sichuan University (ZYJC21030, ZY2017301); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence – Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2019HXFH039).
Study on Use of Bluetooth Technology in Hearing Aids among Adults
Authors: Najeeb S. M. Tarique , Singh Akanksha , Chandel Swati , Parveen Mussarrat , Gupta Neena 
Published: December 2022

Background: Hearing is one of the key features of communication. Hearing aids are prescribed when a person suffers from hearing loss. There have been many updates in the technology of hearing aids like speech enhancements, Noise reduction, microphone focus but still some people find difficulty in listening to phone calls and media streaming. Integration of Bluetooth technology with hearing aids is giving a satisfactory response and helping hearing aid users to overcome existing challenges with mobile phones. Objective: To measure the satisfaction level of hearing aid users with the use of Bluetooth technology. Method: Quantitative, Cross-sectional study was conducted 20 Audiology clinics across Delhi and National Capital Region for a period of 1 year. A total of 55 samples were taken in the study from the clinics for a duration of 1 year. Pre-tested questionnaire was used for collecting the data and face to face interviews were conducted.
Results: Bluetooth streaming when used with the hearing aids, participants reported a significant improvement on multiple parameters improved listening on phone calls in both quiet and noisy environments, lesser repetitions, improved, music listening, confident in using hearing aids in public places, better listening over video calling and extended wearing time.
Conclusion: Hearing aids with Bluetooth technology is becoming an essential aspect of hearing aid. His has been building confidence of using hearing aids and increasing wearing time. Bluetooth hearing aids are also providing a solution to the limitation of using personal listening devices.
Association of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors With Dementia, Depression, and Suicide
Authors: Garcia-Argibay Miguel , Hiyoshi Ayako , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceIn recent decades, there has been increased interest in the possible adverse neurological effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), which have been used mainly for benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia. Numerous studies and reports have indicated associations of 5-ARIs with depression and suicide. However, most of these studies had methodological shortcomings, and very little is known about the potential association of 5-ARIs with dementia.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of 5-ARI use with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, depression, and suicide.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis Swedish register-based cohort study included 2 236 876 men aged 50 to 90 years between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2018. Statistical analyses were performed from September 15, 2021, to May 25, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA diagnosis of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, depression, or completed suicide.ExposuresA recorded prescription in the Swedish national prescription register of finasteride or dutasteride and duration of use.ResultsOf 2 236 876 men (median age at the start of follow-up, 55 years [IQR, 50-65 years] and at treatment initiation, 73 years [IQR, 66-80 years]), 70 645 (3.2%) started finasteride treatment, and 8774 (0.4%) started dutasteride treatment. Men taking finasteride or dutasteride were at increased risk of all-cause dementia (finasteride: hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.17-1.28]; dutasteride: HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01-1.20]), Alzheimer disease (finasteride: HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.10-1.31]; dutasteride: HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.09-1.50]), vascular dementia (finasteride: HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.30-1.58]; dutasteride: HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.08-1.59]), and depression (finasteride: HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.48-1.75]; dutasteride: HR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.43-1.96]). However, the magnitude of the association decreased over time, and the findings became statistically nonsignificant with continuous exposures over 4 years, except for depression, which showed a constant risk over time, with no differences between finasteride and dutasteride. In contrast, 5-ARIs were not associated with suicide (finasteride: HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.99-1.49]; dutasteride: HR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.62-1.54]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that, while men receiving 5-ARI treatment showed a higher risk for dementia in the initial periods after starting treatment, the decreasing magnitude of the association over time suggested that the risk may be, entirely or in part, due to increased dementia detection among patients with benign prostate enlargement. Both finasteride and dutasteride were similarly associated with depression with a constant risk over time, while neither drug was associated with suicide. Prescribing clinicians and potential users should be aware of the possible risks for depression associated with 5-ARI use.
Effect of Oral β-Glucan on Antibody Response to Ganglioside Vaccine in Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: Cheung Irene Y. , Mauguen Audrey , Modak Shakeel , Ragupathi Govind , Basu Ellen M. , Roberts Stephen S. , Kushner Brian H. , Cheung Nai-Kong 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceAmong patients with high-risk relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma, oral β-glucan adjuvant during GD2/GD3 ganglioside vaccine boost has stimulated IgG antibody response, which was associated with improved survival; however, the effectiveness of oral β-glucan during the vaccine priming phase remains unproven.ObjectiveTo isolate the adjuvant effect of oral β-glucan on antibody response to GD2/GD3 ganglioside vaccine in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this phase 2 randomized clinical trial, enrolled patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were randomized to 2 groups to receive the GD2/GD3 vaccine at a large cancer center in a major metropolitan area from October 2018 to September 2020. Data were analyzed from October 7, 2021, to February 28, 2022.InterventionsEligible patients receiving GD2/GD3 vaccine were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 54) to receive no β-glucan or group 2 (n = 53) to receive an oral β-glucan regimen during the first 5 weeks of vaccine priming. From week 6 onwards, all 107 patients received oral β-glucan during vaccine boost for 1 year or until disease progression.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary end point was comparison of anti-GD2 IgG1 response before vaccine injection 6 (week 32) in group 1 vs group 2. Seroconversion rate and the association of antibody titer with β-glucan receptor dectin-1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3901533 were also assessed.ResultsIn all, 107 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were randomized to the 2 groups: 54 patients (median [range] age, 5.2 [1.0-17.3] years; 28 [52%] male and 26 [48%] female) in group 1; and 53 patients (median [range] age, 6.2 [1.9-18.4] years; 25 [47%] male and 28 [53%] female) in group 2; both groups were also comparable in their first remission status at study entry (70% vs 70%). Adding oral β-glucan during the first 5 weeks of vaccine priming elicited a higher anti-GD2 IgG1 antibody response in group 2 (1.80; 90% CI, 0.12-3.39; P = .08; planned type I error, 0.10). Anti-GD2 IgG1 titer of 230 ng/mL or greater by week 8 was associated with statistically favorable PFS. Antibody titer correlated significantly with dectin-1 SNP. The genotype frequency, seroconversion rates, and vaccine-related toxic effects were similar in the 2 groups.Conclusions and RelevanceThis phase 2 randomized clinical trial found that adding oral β-glucan during vaccine priming increased anti-GD2 IgG1 titer among genetic responders without added toxic effects. Because responder dectin-1 SNP was identical in the 2 randomized groups, no difference was detected in seroconversion rates. Alternative or additional adjuvants may be needed to enhance seroconversion.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00911560
Bioengineering of High Cell Density Tissues with Hierarchical Vascular Networks for Ex Vivo Whole Organs
Authors: Wu Peizheng , Asada Hiroki , Hakamada Masataka , Mabuchi Mamoru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of tissue‐like structures such as cell sheets, spheroids, and organoids has contributed to progress in regenerative medicine. Simultaneous achievement of scale up and high cell density of these tissues is challenging because sufficient oxygen cannot be supplied to the inside of large, high cell density tissues. Here, in vitro fabrication of vessels to supply oxygen to the inside of millimeter‐sized scaffold‐free tissues whose cell density is ≈200 million cells mL−1, corresponding to those of native tissues, is shown. Hierarchical vascular networks by anastomosis of capillaries and a large vessel are essential for oxygen supply, whereas a large vessel or capillary networks alone make negligible contributions to the supply. The hierarchical vascular networks are formed by a top‐down approach, which offers a new option for ex vivo whole organs without decellularization and 3D‐bioprinting.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Control over Multiple Stereogenicities: Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Phthalimides
Authors: Barday Manuel , Rodrigues Jessica , Bouillac Pierre , Rodriguez Jean , Amatore Muriel , Constantieux Thierry 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe design of a NHC‐catalyzed methodology for the straightforward access to hitherto unknown axially chiral N‐aryl phthalimides has provided a breakthrough in the field of multichirality control. Anticipating a formal (4+2) oxidative annulation, the use of NHC‐derived chiral dienolate as ambident partner toward N‐aryl maleimides unexpectedly yields original bis‐succinimide‐type compounds featuring a multichiral architecture with up to four stereogenic centers and two remote chiral axes. The overall pseudo‐three components reaction between an enal and two equivalents of a N‐aryl maleimide proceeds with excellent enantioselectivity and complete diastereoselectivity. This study illustrates the high synthetic potential of chiral NHC‐activated dienolates for the rapid and highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective preparation of underexplored atropisomers in the pentatomic series, featuring multiple stereogenic elements including challenging Csp2−N chiral axes. The practicality of this reaction is highlighted by a broad substrate scope and a scaled‐up synthesis. Moreover, the easy base‐induced transformation of the chiral bis‐succinimide precursors allows to prepare the initially planned N‐aryl phthalimide atropisomers with excellent retention of enantiopurity.magnified image