bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allograft-Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction for Proximal Humerus Bone Loss
Authors: Hones Keegan M. , Gutowski Caroline T. , Srinivasan Ramesh C. , Wright Jonathan O. , King Joseph J. , Wright Thomas W. , Fedorka Catherine J. , Marigi Erick M. , Schoch Bradley S. , Hao Kevin A. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In smaller studies, allograft-prosthetic composite (APC) has been used for proximal humerus bone loss with some success, although with notable complication risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to describe outcomes and complications after proximal humerus APC and how major APC complications are defined in the literature.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane were queried for articles on APC for proximal humeral bone loss secondary to tumor, fracture, or failed arthroplasty. Primary outcomes included postoperative range of motion, outcome scores (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society [MSTS], Simple Shoulder Test [SST], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], Constant, visual analog scale [VAS], and subjective shoulder value [SSV]), and complication incidence. We also described individual study definitions of APC malunion/nonunion, methods of postoperative evaluation, malunion/nonunion rates, allograft fracture/fragmentation rates, and mean union time, when available. Secondarily, we compared hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Results:
Sixteen articles including 375 shoulders were evaluated (average age: 49 years, follow-up: 54 months). Fifty-seven percent of procedures were performed for tumors, 1% for proximal humerus trauma sequelae, and 42% for revision arthroplasty. Average postoperative forward elevation was 82° (69-94°), abduction 60° (30-90°), and external rotation 23° (17-28°). Average MSTS score was 82% (77%-87%), SST score 5.3 (4.5-6.1), ASES score 64 (54-74), Constant score 44 (38-50), VAS score 2.2 (1.7-2.7), and SSV 51 (45-58). There was a 51% complication rate with an 18% nonallograft surgical complication rate, 26% APC nonunion/malunion/resorption rate, and 10% APC fracture/fragmentation rate. Fifteen percent of nonunited APCs underwent secondary bone grafting; 3% required a new allograft; and overall revision rate was 12%. APC nonunion/malunion was defined in 2 of 16, malunion/nonunion rates in 14 of 16, fracture/fragmentation rates in 6 of 16, and mean union time (7 months) in 4 of 16 studies.

Conclusion:
APC reconstruction of the proximal humerus remains a treatment option, albeit with substantial complication rates. In addition, there is a need for APC literature to report institutional definitions of nonunion/malunion, postoperative evaluation, and time to union for a more standardized evaluation.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV; systematic review. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Resection in the coexistence of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: INAN Kubilay , YILDIZ Özgur Ömer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim of study:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical perspective on the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
Materials and Methods:
Lung cancer and COPD are two diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. In the present study, we present our experience with a total of 63 patients with both COPD and lung cancer who underwent surgical treatment in our center. This retrospective study included 63 patients with COPD and lung cancer who underwent preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation between March 2019 and June 2020 in our center. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS version 15 package program.
Results:
This study included a total of 63 patients. The disease duration for patients diagnosed with COPD was 2–9 years. Positive correlations were noted between time since COPD diagnosis and intensive and nonintensive care hospitalization durations (p<0.05). A positive correlation was noted between preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation period and clinic stay (p=0.05).
Conclusion:
Meticulous preoperative evaluation in patients with both COPD and lung cancer is crucial to avoid negative outcomes. Furthermore, preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation increases the chance of resection for patients with COPD and should be considered.
7295 elderly hospitalized patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a case control study
Authors: Shen Li , Fu Ting , Huang Luguang , Sun Huiying , Wang Yu , Sun Lili , Lu Xiaoyun , Zhang Jing , Yang Zhaoxu , Ni Chunping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) ranks second among nosocomial infections in elderly patients after lung infections. Improper treatment can lead to death. This study analysed the risk factors, pathogen distribution, clinical characteristics and outcomes of CAUTI in elderly inpatients with a large sample size to provide evidence for clinical prevention and control.
Methods: Based on the HIS and LIS, a case‒control study was conducted on all hospitalized patients with indwelling urinary catheters ≥60 years old from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, and the patients were divided into the CAUTI group and the non-CAUTI group.
Results: CAUTI occurred in 182 of 7295 patients, and the infection rate was 3.4/per 1000 catheter days. Urine pH ≥6.5, moderate dependence or severe dependence in the classification of self-care ability, age ≥74 years, male sex, hospitalization ≥14 days, indwelling urinary catheter ≥10 days, diabetes and malnutrition were independent risk factors for CAUTI (P<0.05). A total of 276 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in urine samples of 182 CAUTI patients at different times during hospitalization. The main pathogens were gram-negative bacteria (n=132, 47.83%), followed by gram-positive bacteria (n=91, 32.97%) and fungi (n=53, 19.20%). Fever, abnormal procalcitonin, positive urinary nitrite and abnormal urination function were the clinical characteristics of elderly CAUTI patients (P<0.001). Once CAUTI occurred in elderly patients, the hospitalization days were increased by 18 days, the total hospitalization cost increased by￥18,000, and discharge all-cause mortality increased by 2.314 times (P＜0.001).
Conclusion: The situation of CAUTI in the elderly is not optimistic，it is easy to have a one-person multi-bacterial infection, and the proportion of fungal infection is not low. Urine pH ≥ 6.5, moderate or severe dependence on others and malnutrition were rare risk factors for elderly CAUTI in previous studies. Our study analysed the clinical characteristics of CAUTI in the elderly through a large sample size, which provided a reliable basis for its diagnosis and identified the adverse outcome of CAUTI.
Development of a hydrophobic TFME combined with DLLME in the extraction of PAHs from personal care products before GC-FID determination
Authors: Mogaddam Mohammad Reza Afshar , Baghaei Pariya Ali Mohammadzadeh , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Nemati Mahboob , Khosrowshahi Elnaz Marzi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research, a thin film microextraction method was developed for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from personal care products prior to their quantification by gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. Firstly, a thin mesh was immersed in a mixture of stearic acid solution in ethanol and hydrochloric acid to obtain a hydrophobic surface and then it was used in the microextraction of the target analytes. The stair-like hierarchical and hydrophobic structure of the mesh provided large contact area and high tendency towards the analytes. After desorption of the analytes from the surface of the mesh, the obtained eluent was used in the following preconcentration step e.g., dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. The effective factors were studied and the method was validated under optimal conditions. Calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 0.3–1000, 0.1–1000, 0.1–1000, 0.1–1000, and 0.5–1000 µg/L and detection limits were 0.10, 0.04, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.20 µg/L for acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and benzo[a] pyrene, respectively. The repeatability of the method (for 5 thin mesh made under the same conditions) was obtained in a range of 3.2–6.5%. This method was successfully used in the extraction and analysis of the personal care products as real samples and anthracene was found in one sample.
The impact of sex on gene expression in the brain of schizophrenic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies
Authors: Garcia Francisco Garcia , Carceller Hector , Hidalgo Marta R. , Escarti Maria Jose , Nacher Juan , Iglesia-Vayá Maria de la 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by altered perception, mood, and behavior that profoundly impacts patients and society despite its relatively low prevalence. Previous studies have suggested that the dopamine D2 receptor gene and genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and immune function as genetic risk factors. Sex-based differences also exist in schizophrenia epidemiology, symptomatology and outcomes; however, we lack a transcriptomic profile that considers sex and differentiates specific cerebral regions.Methods We performed a systematic review on bulk RNA-sequencing studies of post-mortem brain samples. Then, we fulfilled differential expression analysis on each study and summarized their results with regions-specific meta-analyses (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) and a global all-studies meta-analysis. Finally, we used the consensus transcriptomic profiles to functionally characterize the impact of schizophrenia in males and females by protein-protein interaction networks, enriched biological processes and dysregulated transcription factors.Results We discovered the sex-based dysregulation of 265 genes in the prefrontal, 1.414 genes in the hippocampus and 66 genes in the all-studies meta-analyses. The functional characterization of these gene sets unveiled increased processes related to immune response functions in the prefrontal cortex in male and the hippocampus in female schizophrenia patients and the overexpression of genes related to neurotransmission and synapses in the prefrontal cortex of female schizophrenia patients. Considering a meta-analysis of all brain regions available, we encountered the relative overexpression of genes related to synaptic plasticity and transmission in female and the overexpression of genes involved in organizing genetic information and protein folding in male schizophrenia patients. The protein-protein interaction networks and transcription factors activity analyses supported these sex-based profiles.Conclusions Our results report multiple sex-based transcriptomic alterations in specific brain regions of schizophrenia patients, which provides new insight into the role of sex in schizophrenia. Moreover, we unveil a partial overlapping of inflammatory processes in the prefrontal cortex of males and the hippocampus of females.
Unraveling the Relationship Between Cultural Food Habits and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Men: A Case-Control Study in Kazakhstan
Authors: Turdaliyeva Botagoz , Kulzhanov Maksut , Akhmetov Valikhan , Auyezova Ardak , Yussupova Nargiza , Karibayeva Indira K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Limited research exists on the link between cultural food habits (CFH) COPD risk, in Kazakhstan. Despite a high COPD prevalence in the country, no prior studies have investigated long-term dietary effects on COPD risk [1]. To bridge this gap, the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan is supporting research via grant OR12165486, titled "National Programme for the Introduction of Personalized and Preventive Medicine in The Republic of Kazakhstan (2021–2023)." This case-control study is part of the funded research.
Aim: We sought to investigate the association between long-term red meat consumption and risk of COPD.
Methods: Conducted in Almaty, our case-control study focused on 609 men aged 30 to 85 years. From 2018 to 2023, participants with an average age of 51.2 years (95% CI 48.1–54.3) were monitored. The evaluation of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption occurred through self-administered surveys in both 2018 and 2023. Notably, the study concentrated solely on non-smokers to ensure robust associations between red meat consumption and COPD.
Results: Among individuals with COPD, key factors associated with the condition included frequent red meat consumption (more than 10 times per month, 84.9%), having a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 (73.6%), consuming over 100 grams of red meat per serving (62.3%), and having less than 100 grams of fresh fruits per serving (52.8%). Conversely, in the control group, significant factors were past-year alcohol consumption (69.2%), frequent red meat intake (more than 10 times per month, 62.9%), consuming over 100 grams of red meat per serving (55.8%), and infrequent consumption of fresh fruits (less than 30 times per month, 52.0%).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that high consumption of red meat, low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, and a preference for fatty foods may increase the risk of COPD among men in Kazakhstan.
Survival impact of fulvestrant-based combination therapies in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer with liver metastasis: a case-control study
Authors: Chien Christine , Goel Mahima , Gangidi Suma , Raghavendra Akshara S , Tripathy Debasish , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite being a standard treatment for hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC), fulvestrant continues to yield a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis. We sought to characterize the efficacy of specific fulvestrant-based combination treatments, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, everolimus, and alpelisib, in treating HR+/HER2- MBC with liver metastasis.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on adults with HR+/HER2- MBC treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1998–2007. Patients with liver metastasis were matched to patients with no liver metastasis by age and stage at primary breast cancer diagnosis, race, and body mass index. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from MBC diagnosis.
Results
The matched cohort contained 3,088 patients with HR+/HER2- MBC. Patients with liver metastasis (N = 1414) experienced shorter OS after metastasis than patients with non-liver metastasis (N = 1674), regardless of treatment regimen (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–1.45; P < .001). The median OS in the liver metastasis group was 5.89 (95% CI: 5.68–6.09) years. This was 6.76 (95% CI: 6.49-7.00) years in the no liver metastasis group. In the liver metastasis cohort, patients who received fulvestrant and alpelisib had worse OS than patients on fulvestrant monotherapy (HR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.31-3.94l P = .022). Worse survival associated with alpelisib was not seen in patients without liver metastasis.
Conclusion
While fulvestrant-based combination therapies improve survival over fuvlestrant monotherapy in most advanced breast cancers, they do not offer similar survival benefits in patients with liver metastasis.
Tuning viscoelastic properties of VHB 4910 elastomers for artificial muscles
Authors: Sahu Dhananjay , Sahu Raj Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding the tunable viscoelastic behavior of dielectric elastomers for artificial muscles is important to regulate the electromechanical actuation, response time, energy density, sensitivity, duty cycle, etc. However, the performance of elastomers is well known to be regulated by varieties of filler particles, crosslinkers and plasticizers, the influences of particulate fillers on the viscoelastic behavior of VHB 4910 elastomer are yet to be recognized. In this work, a new range of particulate-polymer filled VHB elastomers are prepared to study the effects of barium titanate and Ketjenblack particles on the viscoelastic properties. This followed the experimental characterization of stress-relaxation and creep behavior to realize the time-dependent mechanical performance. Also, stress-softening and energy dissipation behavior are considered to find the number of cycles required to reach the equilibrium energy state. Significantly reduced viscoelastic properties including elastic modulus, toughness, energy density and hysteresis are recognized as a result of diminished poroelastic effects owing to the filled polymer. In contrast, the variations in stress/strain values are evidenced to depend on the interfacial free energy and size of the particulates. Theoretical comparison of these results with the mechanism of biomedical materials confirmed the feasibility of the modified elastomers in the field of artificial muscles and soft robotics. This work may help in recognizing the strategies to tune the viscoelastic behavior of VHB dielectric elastomers reliant on sets of applications.
Pertussis seasonal variation in Vietnam: The evidence from a tertiary hospital
Authors: Pham Nhung TH , TT Quyen Bui , Tran Dien M , Larsson Mattias , Pham Mai P , Olson Linus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Pertussis is a highly contagious and dangerous respiratory disease that threatens children’s health in many countries, including Vietnam, despite vaccine coverage. From 2015 to 2018, Vietnam experienced an increasing number of pertussis cases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the trend and examine the seasonal variations in North Vietnam.
Methods: Data were collected from medical records of all under-5-year-old inpatients admitted to the National Children’s Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam (VNCH) 2015–2018. A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the distribution of incident cases by year and season. Linear multivariable regression was conducted to investigate the association between the incidence of cases and seasonality adjusted by age and vaccination status.
Results: We identified 1063 laboratory-confirmed cases during 2015-2018, including 247 (23.2%) severe cases. The number of pertussis cases admitted to VNCH per 1000 hospitalizations was 3.2 in 2015, compared to 1.9, 3.1, and 2.1 in 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Outbreaks occurred biennially; however, there was no significant difference in the number of severe cases over this period. Most cases occurred in the hot season (509 cases, or nearly half of the study population). With the adjustment of the vaccination rate and average age, the risk of pertussis-associated hospitalization in the mild season and the hot season was 21% (95% CI [0.12; 0.3]) and 15% (95% CI [0.05; 0.25]) higher than that in the warm season, respectively. The rate of hospitalizations was high in the mild season (28.9%) and the warm season (30.8%), nearly twice as much as that in the hot season; nevertheless, the death rate was only striking high in the mild season, about 5-6 times as much as those in the other seasons.
Conclusion: The pertussis incidence in Northern Vietnam varied between seasons, peaking in the hot season (April-July). However, severe cases and deaths increased in the mild season (December-March). Interventions, for example, communication activities on pertussis and vaccination, are of immense importance in lowering the prevalence of pertussis. In addition, early diagnoses and early warnings performed by health professionals should be encouraged.
Analysis of Perception of Gender Bias among Teaching Hospital Residents by Gender and Specialty: Insight from Medical Education in South Korea
Authors: Kim Eun Key , Lee Jonghwan , Yun Jiyoung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Despite increasing numbers of female medical students, there is still a significant under-representation of women in most surgical specialties. Female doctors often face sexism in various aspects of their professional lives, including selection processes, communication, leadership opportunities and promotion. This study aims to examine the extent of the perceptions of gender bias among medical residents in different specialties, and to identify the components that influence the perception of gender bias.
Methods:
This study surveyed 112 residents in two teaching hospitals in South Korea to assess their perceptions of gender bias within their respective specialties. Responses were collected using a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Results were analyzed based on several components, including career choices and pathways, professional dynamics, roles and interactions, and work-life disparities.
Results:
The study revealed a significant difference in perceptions of gender bias between male and female residents. In particular, male residents showed significantly higher scores in career choices and pathways, roles and interactions, disparities in work and life compared to their female counterpart. Medical and surgical residents showed a greater discrepancy in the perceptions of gender bias compared to clinical support residents.
Conclusions:
Several components contribute to the perceptions of gender bias between male and female residents and between different specialties. It is crucial to develop targeted strategies for each identified component and specialty. Efforts should be made to integrate gender education throughout the medical education continuum, from undergraduate to professional levels. By addressing these components and implementing comprehensive educational initiatives, we can work towards a more equitable and inclusive environment for future physicians.