bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Mixed‐Dimensional GeS1−xSex (1D Nanowire)–(2D Plate) Van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Sutter Eli , Sutter Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe integration of dissimilar materials into heterostructures is a mainstay of modern materials science and technology. An alternative strategy of joining components with different electronic structure involves mixed‐dimensional heterostructures, that is, architectures consisting of elements with different dimensionality, for example, 1D nanowires and 2D plates. Combining the two approaches can result in hybrid architectures in which both the dimensionality and composition vary between the components, potentially offering even larger contrast between their electronic structures. To date, realizing such heteromaterials mixed‐dimensional heterostructures has required sequential multi‐step growth processes. Here, it is shown that differences in precursor incorporation rates between vapor–liquid–solid growth of 1D nanowires and direct vapor–solid growth of 2D plates attached to the wires can be harnessed to synthesize heteromaterials mixed‐dimensional heterostructures in a single‐step growth process. Exposure to mixed GeS and GeSe vapors produces GeS1−xSex van der Waals nanowires whose S:Se ratio is considerably larger than that of attached layered plates. Cathodoluminescence spectroscopy on single heterostructures confirms that the bandgap contrast between the components is determined by both composition and carrier confinement. These results demonstrate an avenue toward complex heteroarchitectures using single‐step synthesis processes.
Enhancing Ionic Transport and Structural Stability of Lithium‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes via Local Structure Regulation
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Juping , Kan Wang Hay , Yin Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LRM) have garnered considerable attention as cathode materials due to their superior performance. However, the inherent structural degradation and obstruction of ion transport during cycling lead to capacity and voltage decay, impeding their practical applications. Herein, an Sb‐doped LRM material with local spinel phase is reported, which has good compatibility with the layered structure and provides 3D Li+ diffusion channels to accelerate Li+ transport. Additionally, the strong Sb‐O bond enhances the stability of the layered structure. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry indicates that highly electronegative Sb doping effectively suppresses the release of oxygen in the crystal structure and mitigates successive electrolyte decomposition, thereby reducing structural degradation of the material. As a result of this dual‐functional design, the 0.5 Sb‐doped material with local spinel phases exhibits favorable cycling stability, retaining 81.7% capacity after 300 cycles at 1C, and an average discharge voltage of 1.87 mV per cycle, which is far superior to untreated material with retention values of 28.8% and 3.43 mV, respectively. This study systematically introduces Sb doping and regulates local spinel phases to facilitate ion transport and alleviate structural degradation of LRM, thereby suppressing capacity and voltage fading, and improving the electrochemical performance of batteries.
Ferroelectric–Optoelectronic Hybrid System for Photodetection
Authors: Liu Jie , Su Li , Zhang Xinglong , Shtansky Dmitry V. , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotodetectors (PDs), as functional devices based on photon‐to‐electron conversion, are an indispensable component for the next‐generation Internet of Things system. The research of advanced and efficient PDs that meet the diverse demands is becoming a major task. Ferroelectric materials can develop a unique spontaneous polarization due to the symmetry‐breaking of the unit cell, which is switchable under an external electric field. Ferroelectric polarization field has the intrinsic characteristics of non‐volatilization and rewritability. Introducing ferroelectrics to effectively manipulate the band bending and carrier transport can be non‐destructive and controllable in the ferroelectric–optoelectronic hybrid systems. Hence, ferroelectric integration offers a promising strategy for high‐performance photoelectric detection. This paper reviews the fundamentals of optoelectronic and ferroelectric materials, and their interactions in hybrid photodetection systems. The first section introduces the characteristics and applications of typical optoelectronic and ferroelectric materials. Then, the interplay mechanisms, modulation effects, and typical device structures of ferroelectric–optoelectronic hybrid systems are discussed. Finally, in summary and perspective section, the progress of ferroelectrics integrated PDs is summed up and the challenges of ferroelectrics in the field of optoelectronics are considered.
Stahlleichtbauhallen der DDR mit Geschichte und Perspektive – Ein Bericht aus dem DFG‐Schwerpunktprogramm „Kulturerbe Konstruktion“
Authors: Mende Volker , Heinrich Annkathrin , Hoyer Sebastian , Thiele Klaus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEin Korpus von ca. 90 Präsentationsmodellen im Sammlungsbestand der TU Bergakademie Freiberg bietet Anlass, einige zwischen 1969 und 1990 errichtete, ausgewählte Stahlleichtbautragwerke des vormaligen VEB Metalleichtbaukombinat (MLK) näher zu betrachten. Dabei handelt es sich um hallenartige Bauwerke, welche sowohl innerhalb der DDR errichtet worden waren als auch in den Export gelangten. Es werden die grundlegenden politischen Prämissen, unter denen der Stahlhochbau in der DDR wirtschaften musste, erläutert. Anhand von prägnanten Tragwerken, welche sowohl langlebig als auch als Unikat errichtet wurden, soll deren bewiesene Fähigkeit zur Weiterfunktion unter neuen Grundbedingungen dargestellt werden. Gerade diese Tragwerke eignen sich hervorragend dazu, den Nachhaltigkeitsaspekt im Stahlhochbau auch für Bauten dieser Epoche anzuwenden.
Species delimitation and biogeography of Cyphostemma (Vitaceae), emphasizing diversification and ecological adaptation in Madagascar
Authors: Rabarijaona Romer Narindra , Ranaivoson Rindra Manasoa , Yu Jin‐Ren , You Yi‐Chen , Liu Bing , Ye Jian‐Fei , Barrett Russell L. , Rakotoarinivo Mijoro , Lin Xiao‐Lei , Wen Jun , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Lu Li‐Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyphostemma, with ca. 200 species, is the second‐largest genus after Cissus in the grape family Vitaceae. Cyphostemma exhibits a high degree of morphological variation both between and within species that confounds species delimitation. Additional questions remain due to limited taxon sampling, original reference specimens damaged or lost and incomplete descriptions of taxa. Previous molecular studies, with limited taxon sampling, suggested three major clades corresponding to their distribution in continental Africa, Madagascar and Asia. However, deep relationships and biogeographic history within Cyphostemma remain unresolved. We conducted phylogenetic analysis and morphological character reconstruction of Cyphostemma using 91 newly assembled plastomes, with a focus on resolving complex taxonomic issues in Madagascar. Our results strongly support the Malagasy Cyphostemma as non‐monophyletic for the first time. Biogeographic reconstructions reveal two independent dispersals from continental Africa to Madagascar. The first dispersal is dated to the Oligocene and has led to the diversification of species with pinnate leaves in Madagascar. The second dispersal is estimated to have occurred during the late Miocene and has given rise to the only species with digitate leaves in Madagascar. Ancestral state reconstructions reveal that several morphological innovations may have promoted adaptation of Cyphostemma to a diverse range of habitats in Madagascar. In particular, a group of species from southern Madagascar have evolved both succulent stems and leaves to cope with extreme aridification in this region. Finally, relationships within three species complexes from the “Sambirano domain”, the southern spiny forest‐thicket and the northern limestone areas of Madagascar are clarified and four new taxa are proposed based on molecular and morphological evidence.
Bacterial meningitis secondary to otogenic infection in 10 French bulldogs: A retrospective case series
Authors: Butterfield Sarah , Whittaker Danielle , Tabanez Joana , Carrete Jordina Caldero , Pitchford Clare , Mattias Charles R. J. , Crawford Abbe , Rusbridge Clare 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited published information to guide the clinical management of bacterial meningitis/encephalitis in dogs.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series comprising 10 French bulldogs from two referral centres. The cases were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis/encephalitis suspected secondary to otogenic infection based on detection of abnormal fluid/soft tissue opacity within the middle/inner ear, associated meningeal/intracranial involvement through MRI, the findings of cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF) analysis suggestive of sepsis and/or clinical improvement following antibiosis.ResultsTen dogs were included (three female and seven male), with a median age of 60 months. Dogs presented with acute onset (median 2 days), progressive history of vestibular signs and/or intra‐oral or cervical pain. Five dogs had gross signs of concurrent otitis externa. Common MRI findings included material within the tympanic bulla with adjacent meningeal enhancement. Analysis of CSF documented pleocytosis in all eight dogs, intracellular bacteria seen in three with positive bacteriological culture in two dogs. One dog was euthanised following diagnosis. Nine remaining dogs received antimicrobial therapy and six underwent surgical management. Three dogs treated surgically were neurologically normal within 2 weeks and the remaining three improved. Two dogs treated medically improved and one had complete resolution reported within a 4‐week follow‐up period. Study limitations include its retrospective nature and small sample size with minimal longer term follow‐up.ConclusionsBacterial meningitis/encephalitis in French bulldogs can require both medical and surgical treatment to achieve a favourable outcome.
In‐house manufactured benchtop XRF spectrometer
Authors: Gozetto Jonatha Demetrio , de Almeida Eduardo , Brasil Marcos Augusto Stolf , Virgilio Alex , Santos Eduardo , Furlan Gil Ribeiro , Pereira de Carvalho Hudson Wallace 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe growing efficiency of agribusiness depends on the development of technology. A key challenge regards the determination of plant mineral content, which help farmers to make a decision about fertilizer use. Currently, such nutritional status diagnoses are made based on wet chemical methods; they are usually slow and generate chemical wastess. In this context, an in‐house manufactured XRF benchtop for agri‐samples is proposed in this study. This XRF system was furnished with a manual primary filter changer, vacuum chamber, dual interlock radiological protection system, which were installed in the equipment cover, and light signals. Analytical capabilities were also evaluated. The equipment presented spurious peaks of Ti, Fe, Ni, and Zn, which is not ideal for some agronomical applications; this issue might be overcome in the future by means of additional primary filters. The total x‐ray spectrum counting rate is roughly one magnitude order lower than two other commercial XRF systems, but the signal‐to‐noise ratio is quite similar. The vacuum chamber under partial vacuum improves the Al, Si, P and S signals from 1.5 to 2.2. The limits of detection (LOD, mg kg−1) for P (261), S (168), K (68), and Ca (50) macronutrients and Mn (14), Fe (15), Cu (9), and Zn (8) micronutrients are close to the ones reported in the literature. The limits of detection for P, S, K, and Ca are suitable for plant analysis.
The Rise of Atlantic Slavery in the Americas
Authors: Zeuske Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the development of slavery in the early modern Americas in two major periods. The first period consisted of the co-option and expansion of “pre-Columbian” indigenous slaveries by European colonizers in the different societies of the Americas. The second witnessed the introduction, establishment, and development of Atlantic slavery, which gave rise to a massive slave trade from West Africa to the Americas but also included the adoption and further development of many indigenous forms of slavery. This epoch of colonial Atlantic slavery, which some historians have dubbed “the first slavery,” had taken root by the mid- to late seventeenth century (depending on the region) and lasted more or less until 1800. How did slavery take root in the Americas from the earliest phases of European conquest and how was it characterized? This chapter explores the rise of various slave systems and examines how and why people became enslaved, how their labor was exploited, and how some managed to exit situations of enslavement.
Slavery in the US South
Authors: Pargas Damian A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBetween the American Revolution and the US Civil War, the geography of slavery and freedom in North America changed radically. In some respects, this was an age of emancipation. The northern US, Canada, and Mexico all abolished slavery in this period, and the transatlantic slave trade itself was abolished in 1808. In the southern US, however, slavery underwent an enormous expansion—from the Atlantic seaboard to Texas—mainly as a result of the successful introduction of cotton in the newly acquired lands of the southern interior. In the age of the “second slavery,” southern slavery grew at an unprecedented rate and became characterized by a number of unique features, including a slave population that was almost entirely born in slavery; the development of a massive internal slave trade that wrought havoc on slave communities; the dominance of cotton plantation agriculture in the lives of most enslaved people; the adaptation of slavery to urban settings; the curtailment of manumissions; and the rise of a continent-wide refugee crisis, as freedom seekers fled to parts of the continent where slavery had been abolished. This chapter will explore the institution of slavery in one of its most well-known contexts.
Slavery in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Montana Ismael M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the early 1840s and following the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade by several European nations and the United States, European humanitarians—particularly the British—embarked on an earnest campaign to outlaw the vigorous enslaving activities thriving in the Middle East and North Africa. This chapter examines the extent to which the marked increase of enslavement activities and their suppression through the pressure of European abolitionism fits into the saga of the nineteenth-century transformation processes characterized by the rise of European domination of the region. Focusing on the enslavement of Black Africans, the chapter examines the impact of state modernization schemes and the rise of European capitalism on the expansion of enslaving activities and their suppression and argues that no prior historical development has shaped the contours of African slavery in the Middle East and North Africa more than the effects of the nineteenth-century transformation process.
Slavery in Islamic West Africa
Authors: Lofkrantz Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the issues of enslavement, slavery, and pathways to freedom in the nineteenth-century West African states established through revolutionary jihad in what is now mostly contemporary Mali and northern Nigeria. The jihads were primarily anti-slavery movements. Yet, the leaders of these movements were not interested in outlawing slavery for everyone, but in protecting people they considered to be freeborn Muslims from enslavement and in regulating slavery according to their interpretation of the Mālikī madh’hab, the Sunni school of law that was dominant in precolonial Muslim West Africa. Ironically, for states founded with the priority of instituting more “ethical/legal” slavery policies, slavery actually increased in the region as demand for agricultural products produced by enslaved labor, mostly women, increased.
Injection: The Global Spread of Abolitionism
Authors: Mulligan William 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, abolitionist movements developed from small, but vocal, movements in the Atlantic world to establish global networks, based on shared ideas and support for international agreements to ban the slave trade and slavery. The global spread of abolitionism was conditioned by local contexts, particularly religion and economic conditions. This injection essay will conclude by analyzing the impact of the abolitionist movements on the ending of slavery and the limits of their influence.
Slave Labor in Nazi Germany
Authors: Buggeln Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe National Socialists regarded the population of Eastern Europe, if they were not to be killed or left for dead, as a reservoir of slave labor that would guarantee the Germans a higher standard of living. The Reichsführer SS, Heinrich Himmler, formulated this in unvarnished clarity in his infamous Posen speech from October 4, 1943: “Whether the other peoples live in prosperity or whether they die of hunger, that interests me only to the extent that we need them as slaves for our culture, otherwise it does not interest me.” This chapter examines the use of state-sponsored slave labor in Nazi Germany.
Modern Slavery in the Global Economy
Authors: Lamas Bruno 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter seeks to clarify the most relevant tensions at stake in the notion of “modern slavery,” considering it less as a discrete set of phenomena than as a controversy around the legitimate modes of perception and representation of various practices of human bondage and exploitation in the global economy. The first section presents the main conceptual steps taken from the abolition of chattel slavery to the umbrella term “modern slavery”; the second section presents an immanent critique of the ongoing classification struggles around “modern slavery”; the third and final section considers the so-called “root causes” and their frameworks.
Injection: An Archaeological Approach to Slavery
Authors: Cameron Catherine M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSlaves and other marginalized people may have made up a large proportion of the world’s population in the past, but because of their marginality they are very difficult to find in the archaeological record. This injection reviews the lines of evidence that archaeologists are developing to identify these largely “invisible” people and explore the lives they lived. The discussion considers first state-level societies, and then small-scale societies. Although classical archaeologists have made little use of archaeology to study slavery, North American archaeologists have demonstrated the rich understandings of the slave experience that archaeology can uncover and offer methods that classical archaeologists might adopt. The study of archaeology of slavery in small-scale societies is just beginning but has the potential to transform our understanding of the nature of social relationships among these groups.
Slavery in Medieval Arabia
Authors: Moorthy Kloss Magdalena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Arabian Peninsula remains a blind spot in recent scholarship on slavery in medieval Islamic contexts. Given the limited secondary literature on the subject, this chapter will rely largely on primary sources to provide a case study from Yemen during the eleventh to fifteenth centuries CE. Medieval texts offer rare insights into the lives of enslaved persons during that era, revealing a remarkable breadth of occupations and tasks assigned to them in Yemeni societies. They also provide evidence of slave trading practices from East Africaacross the Red Seato Yemen. Taken together, primary sources sketch a vivid picture of what it meant to be a slave in medieval South Arabia.
Laplace-difference equation for integrated correlators of operators with general charges in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Brown Augustus , Wen Congkao , Xie Haitian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We consider the integrated correlators associated with four-point correlation functions $$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_p^{(i)}{\mathcal{O}}_p^{(j)}\right\rangle $$

O
2

O
2

O
p

i

O
p

j

in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) with SU(N) gauge group, where $$ {\mathcal{O}}_p^{(i)} $$

O
p

i

is a superconformal primary with charge (or dimension) p and the superscript i represents possible degeneracy. These integrated correlators are defined by integrating out spacetime dependence with a certain integration measure, and they can be computed via supersymmetric localisation. They are modular functions of complexified Yang-Mills coupling τ. We show that the localisation computation is systematised by appropriately reorganising the operators. After this reorganisation of the operators, we prove that all the integrated correlators for any N, with some crucial normalisation factor, satisfy a universal Laplace-difference equation (with the laplacian defined on the τ-plane) that relates integrated correlators of operators with different charges. This Laplace-difference equation is a recursion relation that completely determines all the integrated correlators, once the initial conditions are given.
Discrete dark matter mechanism as the source of neutrino mass scales
Authors: Bonilla Cesar , Herms Johannes , Medina Omar , Peinado Eduardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The hierarchy in scale between atmospheric and solar neutrino mass splittings is investigated through two distinct neutrino mass mechanisms from tree-level and one-loop-level contributions. We demonstrate that the minimal discrete dark matter mechanism contains the ingredients for explaining this hierarchy. This scenario is characterized by adding new RH neutrinos and SU(2)-doublet scalars to the Standard Model as triplet representations of an A4 flavor symmetry. The A4 symmetry breaking, which occurs at the electroweak scale, leads to a residual ℤ2 symmetry responsible for the dark matter stability and dictates the neutrino phenomenology. Finally, we show that to reproduce the neutrino mixing angles correctly, it is necessary to violate CP in the scalar potential.
Advancing oral immunology for improving oral health
Authors: Deschner James , Schröder Agnes , Weber Manuel , Galler Kerstin , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian , Bozec Aline , Jantsch Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in dentistry in terms of diagnosis and therapy, current treatment methods in periodontology, orthodontics, endodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery, nevertheless, suffer from numerous limitations, some of which are associated with a dramatic reduction in the quality of life. Many general mechanisms of inflammation and immunity also apply to the oral cavity and oral diseases. Nonetheless, there are special features here that are attributable, on the one hand, to developmental biology and, on the other hand, to the specific anatomical situation, which is characterized by a close spatial relationship of soft and hard tissues, exposure to oral microbiota, and to a rapid changing external environment. Currently, a comprehensive and overarching understanding is lacking about how the immune system functions in oral tissues (oral immunology) and how oral immune responses contribute to oral health and disease. Since advances in translational immunology have created a game-changing shift in therapy in rheumatology, allergic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and oncology in recent years, it is reasonable to assume that a better understanding of oral immunology might lead to practice-changing diagnostic procedures and therapies in dentistry and thereby also profoundly improve oral health in general.