bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors, theoretical models, and biological mechanisms of nonsuicidal self-injury: a brief review
Authors: Yan Huiru , Yue Weihua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the direct, deliberate infliction of harm to one’s body tissue without the intention to die. The prevalence of NSSI has increased significantly globally in recent years and has become an important public health problem affecting the health of people, especially adolescents. The occurrence of NSSI in adolescents is the result of the interaction of different factors. Many scholars have proposed various theoretical models to explain the mechanism of NSSI behavior based on previous research on the influencing factors of NSSI. Moreover, advances have been made in genetic and neuroimaging mechanisms related to NSSI. Understanding the genetic and neuroimaging mechanisms of NSSI is important for both describing and treating the disorder. This literature review discusses the progress made on the risk factors, theoretical models, and biological mechanisms of NSSI.
Comparison of Risk and Severity of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Non-Native Versus US Native Pediatric Patients
Authors: Luo Yan , Fu Yinan , Schwarz Steven , Wallach Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in the stomach and duodenum, and an increased risk of gastric cancer. The risk of infection, secondary symptoms, and negative outcomes is known to be increased in low- and middle-income countries and vastly less substantial in the United States and Europe. Current North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines recommend endoscopic diagnosis and susceptibility-guided therapy, which is not reflected by current adult guidelines for therapy. In this study, we complete a single-center retrospective review of HP risk by nativity status, as well as the results of the use of standard empiric therapy in HP and PUD patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all endoscopies with patients aged 1–21 years with a known nativity status and identified all HP diagnoses. We also completed the classification of Kyoto scores and classified patients as gastritis versus PUD. Treatment records were obtained, as well as downstream documentation of the impact of empiric therapy. HP prevalence and severity were compared between non-native and native US populations.

Results:
In total 332 patients were identified, with 59 HP diagnoses. However, 64 patients were immigrants, and 268 were US natives. Totally 39.1% of all immigrant patients had an endoscopically identified HP infection, compared to only 12.7% of US native patients (P < 0.01, relative risk 3.07). HP severity was worse in immigrant patients (Kyoto score 1.5 versus 0.89; P = 0.008). Empiric high-dose amoxicillin triple therapy was equally effective in reducing symptoms in gastritis versus PUD patients.

Conclusions:
Immigrant patients have a substantially higher risk and severity of HP infection than US natives. Empiric therapy remains highly effective at relieving symptoms. These findings in aggregate suggest that North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines may not adequately serve non-native pediatric patients, with an additional prospective multicenter study needed to confirm. In addition, a prospective study of treatment based on stool antigen tests, as well as a larger prospective study of empiric therapy, may suggest alterations to our approach in line with recent changes to adult Gastroenterology practice.
The Mexican dataset of a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation clinical trial on cocaine use disorder patients: SUDMEX TMS
Authors: Angeles-Valdez Diego , Rasgado-Toledo Jalil , Villicaña Viviana , Davalos-Guzman Alan , Almanza Cristina , Fajardo-Valdez Alfonso , Alcala-Lozano Ruth , Garza-Villarreal Eduardo A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCocaine use disorder (CUD) is a worldwide problem with severe health and socio-economic consequences, which results in behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological disturbances. Consensus on treatments are still under discussion, however, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a promising treatment for medication-resistant disorders, including substance use disorders. Here, we describe the Mexican dataset of an rTMS clinical trial in patients with CUD (SUDMEX-TMS), a longitudinal dataset of 54 CUD participants (8 female) with five timepoints: baseline (T0), two weeks (T1), three months (T2), six months (T3) follow-up, and twelve months (T4) follow-up. Clinical rTMS treatment consisted of a double-blinded randomized clinical trial (n = 24 sham/30 active) for 2 weeks and open label afterwards, and includes demographic, clinical, and cognitive measures, as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition in all timepoints: 1) structural (T1-weighted), 2) functional (resting state fMRI), and 3) multishell high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted (DWI-HARDI) sequences. The present dataset could be used to examine the impact of rTMS on CUD participants in clinical, cognitive, and multimodal MRI metrics in a longitudinal design.
Cognitive reserve in ALS: The role of occupational skills and requirements
Authors: Rhodes Emma , Alfa Sebleh , Jin Hannah , Massimo Lauren , Elman Lauren , Amado Defne , Baer Michael , Quinn Colin , McMillan Corey T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition featuring variable degrees of motor decline and cognitive impairment. We test the hypothesis that cognitive reserve (CR), defined by occupational histories involving more complex cognitive demands, may protect against cognitive decline, while motor reserve (MR), defined by working jobs requiring complex motor skills, may protect against motor dysfunction.MethodsIndividuals with ALS (n=150) were recruited from the University of Pennsylvania’s Comprehensive ALS Clinic. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS), and motor functioning was measured using Penn Upper Motor Neuron (PUMNS) scale and ALS Functional Rating Scales (ALSFRS-R). The Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Database was used to derive 17 factors representing distinct worker characteristics, occupational requirements, and worker requirements, which were related to ECAS, PUMNS, and ALSFRS-R scores using multiple linear regression.ResultsA history of working jobs involving greater reasoning ability (β=2.12, p<.05), social ability (β=1.73, p<.05), analytic skills, (β=3.12, p<.01) and humanities knowledge (β=1.83, p<.01) was associated with better performance on the ECAS, while jobs involving more exposure to environmental hazards (β=-2.57, p<.01) and technical skills (β=-2.16, p<.01) were associated with lower ECAS Total Scores. Jobs involving greater precision skills (β=1.91, p<.05) were associated with greater disease severity on the PUMNS. Findings for the ALSFRS-R did not survive correction for multiple comparisons.DiscussionJobs requiring greater reasoning abilities, social skills, and humanities knowledge were related to preserved cognitive functioning consistent with CR, while jobs with greater exposure to environmental hazards and technical demands were linked to poorer cognitive functioning. We did not find evidence of MR as no protective effects of occupational skills and requirements were found for motor symptoms, and jobs involving greater precision skills and reasoning abilities were associated with worse motor functioning. Occupational history provides insight into protective and risk factors for variable degrees of cognitive and motor dysfunction in ALS.
COVID-19 Impact in Crohn’s Disease Patients Underwent Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ruiz Milton Artur , Kaiser Junior Roberto Luiz , Piron-Ruiz Lilian , Pinho Tainara Souza , Castiglioni Lilian , de Quadros Luiz Gustavo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSARS COV 2 is the virus responsible for COVID-19, a disease that has been blamed for inducing or exacerbating symptoms in patients with autoimmune diseases.Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects genetically susceptible patients who develop an abnormal mucosal immune response to the intestinal microbiota. Patients who underwent Hematopoietic Stem cell Transplantation are considered at risk for COVID-19.The objective of this report was to describe for the first time the impact of COVID-19 in a group of 50 patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD, 28 females, and 22 male) with a mean age of 38 years, previously submitted to Autologous, non-myeloablative, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Auto HSCT) between 2013 and 2021. In this series, 19 patients were diagnosed with positive COVID-19. In two (2) patients there was a report of the occurrence of two infectious episodes. Parameters related to HSCT, such as time elapsed since the procedure, vaccination status, CD status before and after infection, and clinical manifestations resulting from COVID-19, were evaluated. Among the patients with COVID-19, in three, submitted to Auto HSCT less than six (6) months ago, there was a change in the CD status, and one of them, in addition to the CD symptoms, started to present thyroid impairment with positive anti-TPO. Only one of the patients required hospitalization for five days to treat COVID-19 and remained in CD clinical remission. Nine patients reported late symptoms that may be related to COVID-19. There were no deaths, and the statistical evaluation of the series of COVID-19 patients after HSCT and those who did not present an infectious episode did not present significant data regarding the analyzed parameters. Despite the change in CD status in three patients and the presence of nine patients with late symptoms, we can conclude that there was no significant adverse impact concerning COVID-19 in the evaluated patients who underwent HSCT to treat CD.
Influence of sex hormone use on sleep architecture in a transgender cohort: findings from the prospective RESTED study
Authors: Morssinkhof Margot W. L. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , van den Ende Daan A. , van der Tuuk Karin , den Heijer Martin , Broekman Birit F. P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSex differences in sleep architecture are well-documented, with females experiencing longer total sleep time (TST), more slow wave sleep (SWS) and shorter Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep duration than males. Although studies imply that sex hormones could affect sleep, effects of exogenous sex hormones on sleep architecture remain unclear. This study examined sleep architecture changes in transgender individuals after 3 months of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT).We assessed sleep architecture in 73 transgender individuals: 38 transmasculine participants who started using testosterone and 35 transfeminine participants who started using estrogens and anti-androgens. Sleep architecture was measured before GAHT and after 3 months of GAHT for 7 nights using an ambulatory single-electrode sleep EEG device. Changes in sleep architecture were analyzed using linear mixed models, and non-normally distributed outcomes were log-transformed and reported as percentages.In transmasculine participants, SWS decreased by 7 minutes (95% CI: −12; −3) and 1.7% (95% CI: −3%; - 0.5%), REM sleep latency decreased by 39% (95% CI: −52%; −22%) and REM sleep duration increased by 17 minutes (95% CI: 7; 26) after 3 months of GAHT. In transfeminine participants, sleep architecture showed no significant changes after 3 months of GAHT.Sleep architecture changes after three months of masculinizing GAHT in line with sleep in cisgender males, while it shows no changes after feminizing GAHT. The sex-specific nature of these changes raises new questions on sex hormones and sleep. Future research should focus on studying possible underlying neural mechanisms and clinical consequences of these changes.Statement of significanceSleep architecture shows differences between men and women, with women showing longer sleep, longer slow wave sleep and shorter REM sleep than men. Rodent research indicates that sex hormones can alter sleep architecture, but research on sex hormones and sleep architecture in humans is still lacking. This study examined effects of three months of gender-affirming hormone use in transgender individuals. Results show that testosterone use in persons assigned female at birth resulted in sleep architecture changes similar to cisgender males, whereas estradiol- and anti-androgen use by persons assigned male at birth did not change sleep architecture. These novel findings indicate that sex hormones could change sleep architecture in a sex-specific manner, warranting further studies into causal mechanisms underlying these changes.
Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome trajectories and incident dementia over 10 years
Authors: Mullin Donncha S. , Gadd Danni , Russ Tom C. , Luciano Michelle , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMotoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. The recent addition to the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 of robust dementia outcomes enabled us to assess the prognostic value of MCR for dementia and explore the various trajectories of participants diagnosed with MCR.MethodsWe classified 680 community-dwelling participants free from dementia into non-MCR or MCR groups at mean [SD] age 76.3 [0.8] years. We used Cox and competing risk regression methods, adjusted for potential confounders, to evaluate the risk of developing all-cause incident dementia over 10 years of follow-up. Secondarily, we followed the trajectories for individuals with and without MCR at baseline and categorised them into subgroups based on whether MCR was still present at the next research wave, three years later.ResultsThe presence of MCR increased the risk of incident dementia (adjusted HR 2.34, 95%CI 1.14-4.78, p=0.020), as did fewer years of education and higher depression symptoms. However, MCR has a heterogenous progression trajectory. The MCR progression subgroups each have different prognostic values for incident dementia.ConclusionMCR showed similar prognostic ability for dementia in a Scottish cohort as for other populations. MCR could identify a target group for early interventions of modifiable risk factors to prevent incident dementia. This study illustrates the heterogeneous nature of MCR progression. Exploring the underlying reasons will be important work in future work.
Interpretational fallacies in sibling comparison designs with social exposures: A case study of childhood income and mental disorders
Authors: Ejlskov Linda , Esen Buket Öztürk , Hakulinen Christian , Weye Nanna , Formanek Tomas , McGrath John J. , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSibling comparison designs are increasingly used to address unmeasured familial confounding in observational studies. We propose that three key interpretational fallacies – sibling characteristics, exposure correlation and non-shared confounding, and unmet life course model assumptions – can mislead causal conclusions. We demonstrate these fallacies by investigating childhood family income and mental health.A nationwide Danish cohort of individuals born between 1986 and 1996 (n = 643,814; 404,179 siblings) was followed-up from age 15 until onset of severe mental disorders. Population-wide and within-sibling adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) between childhood family income and offspring mental disorders were estimated, supplemented by descriptive statistics and pseudo-sibling analyses.A $15,000 increase in family income at age 14 was associated with a reduced rate of severe mental disorders (aHR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.76-0.81), with comparable estimates across measurement ages 1-14 (range: 0.67-0.82). Null results were observed in both a pseudo-sibling cohort of unrelated individuals with the same income differences as the true sibling cohort (aHR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85-1.01) and the true sibling cohort (aHR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.94-1.11). Siblings were typically born three years apart, with an average monthly income difference of $496 at age 14 (IQR;$150-$641).This study advocates for cautious causal interpretation of null results in sibling comparison studies because (1) it may not capture meaningful differences in family income across siblings due to minor income fluctuations; (2) the pseudo-sibling cohort showed evidence of unmeasured non-shared confounding; (3) sibling comparison designs test a critical periods life course model, but the results favour an accumulating/vulnerable model. We present guidelines and R syntax to assess these interpretational fallacies.
Single nuclei transcriptomics reveal the differentiation trajectories of periosteal skeletal/stem progenitor cells in bone regeneration
Authors: Perrin Simon , Ethel Maria , Bretegnier Vincent , Goachet Cassandre , Wotawa Cécile-Aurore , Luka Marine , Coulpier Fanny , Masson Cécile , Ménager Mickael , Colnot Céline 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBone regeneration is mediated by skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) that are mainly recruited from the periosteum after bone injury. The composition of the periosteum and the steps of SSPC activation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a single-nuclei atlas of the periosteum at steady-state and of the fracture site during early stages of bone repair (https://fracture-repair-atlas.cells.ucsc.edu). We identified periosteal SSPCs expressing stemness markers (Pi16andLy6a/SCA1) and responding to fracture by adopting an injury-induced fibrogenic cell (IIFC) fate, prior to undergoing osteogenesis or chondrogenesis. We identified distinct gene cores associated with IIFCs and their engagement into osteogenesis and chondrogenesis involving Notch, Wnt and the circadian clock signaling respectively. Finally, we show that IIFCs are the main source of paracrine signals in the fracture environment, suggesting a crucial paracrine role of this transient IIFC population during fracture healing. Overall, our study provides a complete temporal topography of the early stages of fracture healing and the dynamic response of periosteal SSPCs to injury, redefining our knowledge of bone regeneration.Graphical Abstract
Is HDL-c plasma concentration a possible marker of HIV replication? A cross-sectional analysis in untreated HIV-infected individuals accessing HIV care in Italy
Authors: Piconi Stefania , Bottanelli Martina , Marchetti Giulia , Gori Andrea , Castagna Antonella , Squillce Nicola , Cicalini Stefania , Orofino Giancarlo , Ceccherini-Silverstein Francesca , Di Biagio Antonio , d’Arminio Monforte Antonella , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro ,   Icona Foundation Study Cohort
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsHIV infection is associated with dyslipidemia and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. HIV Nef protein downregulates the generation of nascent HDL. The interplay between HIV-RNA, HDL-c level and CD4/CD8 ratio in naïve HIV patients remains to be elucidated.MethodsWe included untreated persons living with HIV (PLWH) of the ICONA Foundation Study cohort if they also had ≥2 viral load (VL) measurements prior to ART initiation. We performed unadjusted correlation and linear regression analyses evaluating the effect of VLset on HDL-C. Vlset and CD4/CD8 ratio were fit in the log10scale, while HDL-c, was fitted in the untransformed raw scale.ResultsWe included 3,980 untreated PLWH. Fifty-eighty (1.5%) were aviremic. We observed a negative correlation between HDL-c and VLset (Pearson R2=0.03), from fitting an unadjusted linear regression model -8.5 mg/dl (95% CI: -15,9 --0,84 p<0.03). There was a dose-response relationship between HDL-c levels and VLset, however, this association was somewhat attenuated after further controlling for gender. Despite a positive correlation between HDL-c and CD4/CD8 ratio, the HDL-c plasma concentration does not satisfy the criteria for a strong surrogate marker.ConclusionsOur data show that HDL-c plasma concentration is significantly lower per higher level of VLSet although this was in part explained by gender. Further analyses should be promoted to better understand the molecular mechanisms that underline the relationship between HIV replication, HDL-c formation, and diseases progression.
Preparedness in practice: An outbreak science approach to studying public health emergency response
Authors: Moore Mackenzie , Robertson Hailey , Rosado David , Graeden Ellie , Carlson Colin J. , Katz Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTOutbreak response, as a technical and specialized field of practice, is struggling to keep pace with the evolving dynamics of modern public health emergencies. Extensive scholarship across disciplines and epidemics has highlighted the importance of early action, the costs associated with delayed mobilization, the necessity of effective preparedness plans for complex crises, and the growing need for response to operate in spite of both uncertain information and social disruptions. Here, we present and analyze a new dataset of 235 different multisectoral activities that comprise outbreak preparedness and response. We explore the conditions under which these activities are applicable, including different phases of response, different operating circumstances, and different disease etiologies, and find that the core activities required for outbreak response largely apply across etiology and scale, but are more substantial during the early phases of response. To validate this framework with real-world examples, we then examine 279 reports from the WHO Disease Outbreak News (DON), a narrative record of outbreak history through time, and examine which of our activities are reported or implied in these narratives. We find that the core components of response are applicable across the vast majority of biological events, especially as they relate to basic epidemiology, infection prevention, and governance, and that many different kinds of real-world outbreaks require the same core set of responses. These findings point to a nearly-universal set of outbreak response activities that could be directly incorporated into national and international response plans, significantly reducing the risk and impact of infectious disease outbreaks.