bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiter le logement des migrants à l’échelle de l’immeuble : pistes pour une histoire de la vie quotidienne
Authors: Cohen Muriel 
Published: June 2023

Enquêter à l’échelle de l’immeuble ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour saisir l’histoire des migrants au quotidien. Cette approche micro offre la possibilité d’étudier au plus près les interactions entre habitants et avec le bailleur. Elle permet également de pénétrer dans les intérieurs domestiques et d’accéder à l’intimité des migrants pour analyser la complexité des identités, au croisement de l’origine, du genre, de la classe, de la génération ou de la religion. L’article revient en outre sur des dispositifs de médiation d’histoire des migrations menés au sein d’immeubles, et sur leur intérêt pour transmettre des contenus et susciter la réflexion des publics.
Les diasporas à l’aune de la contrebande (et vice versa)
Authors: Gkotsinas Kostis 
Published: June 2023

Par sa nature, la contrebande a tendance à passer inaperçue, aussi bien aux autorités qu’à la recherche historique. Reste que, malgré les problèmes méthodologiques que soulève son étude, elle ouvre plusieurs perspectives à l’analyse de divers phénomènes et notions, comme la formation et le fonctionnement de l’État, la territorialité et les frontières, la constitution des réseaux, les identités et le sentiment d’appartenance. À ce titre, la contrebande permet d’aborder le phénomène diasporique d’un point de vue à la fois inédit et fécond.
La diaspora au village :
Authors: Landais Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

La colonisation agraire en Europe reste un sujet marginal dans l’historiographie des diasporas d’Ancien Régime, plutôt tournée vers les espaces urbains, méditerranéens et atlantiques. Les pratiques coloniales des administrateurs de domaines dans la Hongrie du xviiie siècle sont pourtant remarquables tant par leur ampleur que par leur originalité. Le caractère cosmopolite du recrutement à grande échelle se double d’une politique assumée de ségrégation ethnoconfessionnelle à petite échelle. L’assignation identitaire de l’espace y est moins l’effet d’une intolérance institutionnalisée qu’une adaptation aux exigences économiques de la gestion seigneuriale et à un idéal communautaire et éclairé.
Langues diasporiques
Authors: Monge Mathilde , Muchnik Natalia , Smyrnelis Marie-Carmen 
Published: June 2023

La langue employée par les diasporas fait lien entre les implantations et avec la terre d’origine. Elle est identitaire et fondatrice : pratique commune qui distingue, elle porte un ensemble de valeurs et de normes. Elle est employée par des individus plurilingues hors de leur foyer d’origine qui sont aussi de ce fait des médiateurs dans les sociétés d’accueil. Les langues sont en concurrence avec d’autres langues ; écoles communautaires et presses la diffusent et contrôlent sa transmission. Leur perte comme outil de communication n’implique pas tant l’assimilation du groupe que le poids accru de leur investissement symbolique.
Repenser les relations entre migrations et persécutions au xxe siècle
Authors: Zalc Claire 
Published: June 2023

Comment penser les relations entre les migrations et les persécutions au xxe siècle, alors que ces deux histoires, intrinsèquement imbriquées, semblent parfois s’ignorer, prise dans le tournant transnational pour l’une et la focale microhistorique pour l’autre ? Cet article présente trois pistes pour les croiser : rendre compte de la construction, inachevée et problématique, de la distinction entre « migrants » et « réfugiés » ; étudier les dispositifs de persécution dans leur relation avec les politiques de nationalité ; reconstituer les parcours migratoires de groupes d’individus soumis à la persécution, dans une perspective de microhistoire globale.
La diaspora des morisques d’Espagne, 1609‑1614
Authors: Vincent Bernard 
Published: June 2023

L’expulsion des morisques d’Espagne décrétée par le roi Philippe III le 4 avril 1609 a conduit à l’une des plus grandes diasporas religieuses de l’Europe moderne car elle a affecté de 250 000 à 280 000 personnes. Elle a été réalisée par étapes entre 1609 et 1614. Les morisques, qui étaient les descendants des musulmans convertis de force un siècle plus tôt, se sont installés dans les différents pays de la Méditerranée, musulmans et chrétiens, mais très majoritairement au sein de l’espace maghrébin, de Rabat-Salé à Tunis.
Le monastère contre l’usine : une généalogie du contre-modèle social médiéval de la modernité industrielle (Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne fin XVIIIe-début XXe siècle)
Authors: Guillemet Pauline 
Published: June 2023

Entre la fin du XVIIIe et le début du XXe siècle, le Moyen Âge est progressivement constitué comme un thème littéraire et intellectuel majeur par un certain nombre d’hommes de lettres européens, et en particulier britanniques. Perçu comme un âge sombre et mystérieux dans les romans gothique de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, il devient, chez les auteurs de la tradition de critique culturelle comme Burke, Cobbett, Carlyle, Ruskin ou Morris, le lieu d’un idéal social. La période acquiert ainsi progressivement, au cours du XIXe siècle, la fonction de contre-modèle de la société industrielle, en réaction notamment à la réorganisation du monde du travail à l’œuvre tout au long de la période dans les pays d’Europe de l’Ouest.
La persécution des non-Humains : histoire européenne et mémoire polonaise de l’antisémitisme dans Le Sorceleur d’Andrzej Sapkowski
Authors: Ginhoux Sébastien , Minier Solène 
Published: June 2023

Dans la saga romanesque du Sorceleur, le Polonais Andrzej Sapkowski relit le topos de la fantasy qu’est la haine entre les différentes races intelligentes (Humains, Elfes, Nains) au prisme de l’histoire européenne et polonaise contemporaine. Les discriminations que font subir les Humains aux autres races empruntent à une vaste gamme de références historiques, des ghettos médiévaux aux pogroms en Europe de l’Est au XIXe siècle, voire à la Shoah. Il participe ainsi du renouveau mémoriel qui travaille la société polonaise dans les années 1980-1990.
A Participatory Action Research Using Affective Mapping to Promote Forest Commoning
Authors: Nieto-Romero Marta , Parra Constanza , Valente Sandra , Bock Bettina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Community-based forest policies are being implemented all around the world, but the engagement of local communities is not always ideal. This research article seeks to explore the role of affective relations in incentivising participation. It narrates the Participatory Action Research (PAR) conducted in a rural community (Ansiães, north Portugal) with low levels of participation. Ansiães is a mountainous parish district with a baldio (a historical common land) of 2,500 ha that underwent strong state interventions during the last century, followed by a progressive withdrawal, loss of employment and rural abandonment. Inspired by a post-structuralist approach to PAR, the research facilitated an affective mapping involving commoners in identifying the most significative memories and sites in their communal territory, as well as a large community event with a video exhibition and community actions. The PAR approach allowed to better understand and mobilise community affective relations around the forest-baldio promoting collective experiences of ‘‘being-in-common’’. This shaped the way participants perceived their baldio and their roles and responsibilities towards it, yet it did not change the existing patterns of participation. We call for more research investigating the opportunities of PAR, in combination with creative methods, in generating experiences of togetherness that can motivate commoning. Our study points to the importance of unveiling both the joy and the suffering associated with our relations to nature across generations.
Sensitizing first-year medical undergraduate students to principles of leadership
Authors: Padhi Somanath , Taywade Manish , Giri Sanjay Kumar , Batmanabane Gitanjali 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Literature on implementation leadership program in undergraduate (UG) medical education is lacking in the Asian continent. We aim to describe our experience in sensitizing the 1st year undergraduate medical students (UGMS) toward the principles of leadership in a medical institution.

Materials and Methods:
Each year, one hundred 1st year UGMS were sensitized towards leadership principles and core domains through interactive sessions, focus group discussions, and short lectures. The students were asked to reflect on the sessions' activities as well as their follow-up usefulness in their day-to-day activities through a structured questionnaire shared through Google forms.

Results:
A high proportion (75%) of students reported an improved perception or knowledge toward leadership principles and practices. Leadership attributes such as team building, decision making, confidence building, motivation, and managing crisis were reported to be very useful by 77.8%, 74.1%, 69.1%, 64.2%, and 61.7% of students, respectively. On follow-up, students described this sensitization exercise to be useful in their academic (16/52, 30.76%), organizational (10/52, 19.2%), sports (6/52, 11.53%), short-term research (4/52, 7.7%) activities, and editorial responsibilities (3/52, 5.7%).

Conclusion:
The leadership sensitization workshop helps students adjust to the medical school's environment; and this may be incorporated in the UG curriculum to strengthen students' leadership potential.

The following core competencies are addressed in this article:
Systems-based practice, Interpersonal and communication skills, Professionalism.
Fever related to ABO blood use in major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Okechi Uchenna C. , Uguru Chibuzo C. , Anyanechi Charles E. 
Published: June 2023

Background:Blood transfusion, a critical life-saving procedure, is associated with side effects such as fever.Objectives:To determine the pattern of distribution of transfused blood groups among patients with postoperative fever after major oral surgery.Patients and Methods:This is a 1-year prospective study of patients that developed fever after major oral and maxillofacial surgery, with or without receiving ABO blood transfusion. Criteria for inclusion include those booked for oral and maxillofacial surgery and without any serious medical conditions. The confounding variables evaluated were divided into clinical and demographic parameters. Both univariate and bivariate statistics were computed.Results:Of the 108 patients, 23 (21.3%) met the criteria for diagnosis of postoperative fever. The majority (82.6%) of the patients were within 40 years of age. There were 17 males and 6 females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. Majority (60.9%;P= 0.021) of the patients having benign and malignant tumors needed blood transfusion. The study showed 78.3% of patients developed fever after blood transfusion, whereas 21.7% who did not receive transfusion also had postoperative fever. Group O Rhesus D positive blood group was the most common type transfused (P= 0.01), mostly in patients who had malignant lesions, and transfusion was done mainly intraoperatively. The majority (73.9%) of the fever occurred in patients within 24 h after transfusion, lasting for 1 day (P= 0.01).Conclusion:A significant association between the transfusion of blood and the development of postoperative fever, as well as fever occurring more frequently with increased units of blood transfused, was noticed. The outcome suggests blood transfusion is a risk factor for postoperative fever in patients after major oral surgery.
Urinary Incontinence among Female Health Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoigwe Jide U. , Asimadu Eric E. , Adiri Charles O. , Okoro Silas O , Nweze Sylvester O. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Female urinary incontinence (UI) impacts female workers’ quality of life and working life.

Objectives:
This study aims to determine the prevalence of UI among female health workers in Enugu, Nigeria, and its impact on their quality of life.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of female health workers at the University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The first section contained socio-demographic information, whereas the second section consisted of items derived from the UK English Version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ-UI Short Form).

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-six (256) women filled out the questionnaires. The mean age of the respondents was 36.6 ± 3.2 years (ranging from 19 to 56 years). Of the 256 respondents, 115 women had UI giving a prevalence of 44.9%. Older female health workers (>39 years old) compared to younger female health workers were significantly more likely to have UI (odd ratio 6.387, 95% confidence intervals 3.684–11.045, P < 0.001). Types of female UI seen were urge UI (39.1%), stress UI (29.6%), and mixed UI (31.3%). Most women (50.4%) leaked about once a week and had small amounts of leakages (62.8%). The impact on quality of life was mild (39.0%) and moderate (32.2%) for most of the female health workers, with 19% reporting severe impact.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of female UI is high among female health workers in Enugu, Nigeria and it impacts greatly on their quality of life.
Profile of Central Corneal Thickness in an Adult Non-Glaucomatous Population in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Uche Nkechi J. , Kizor-Akaraiwe Nkiru N. , Okeke Suhanya , Shiweobi Jude 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important ocular parameter in diagnosing and managing ocular diseases.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the mean CCT of non-glaucomatous adults from southeastern Nigeria and to evaluate the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the eye specialist hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Participants with non-glaucomatous eyes from southeastern Nigeria were recruited. CCT was measured with ultrasound pachymetry (Sonomed PacScan plus, model 300AP+) on eligible subjects. The average thickness for each eye was calculated and the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender was studied.

Results:
In total, 706 eyes of 353 participants were examined. Approximately 52.7% of the subjects were females. The mean age of participants was 50.29 ± 16.58 years. The mean CCT for right eye (RE) was 527.68 ± 36.88 μm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 523.83–531.55 μm) and 527.45 ± 38.01 μm for left eye (LE) (95% CI: 523.47–531.43 μm). There was a decrease in CCT values with increasing age (P = 0.016, P = 0.05 for RE and left eyes, respectively). Males had a significantly higher CCT compared to females for both right and left eyes (P = 0.004, P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
CCT values in Enugu Southeast Nigeria are thinner than those reported from other regions within Nigeria and some sub-Saharan African populations, Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics but it is however comparable with values reported among Cameroonians and African Americans. CCT decreases with age and is thicker in males compared with females.
Association of Maternal Height with Delivery Outcome
Authors: Onyebuchi Azubuike K. , Mamah Johnbosco 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Height is easy to measure and may serve as a triaging and referral tool in the rural communities of the West African subregion where a significant proportion of deliveries are undertaken by unskilled birth attendants with devastating maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the association between maternal height and the route of delivery.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study undertaken at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A total of 180 consenting randomly selected pregnant participants who met the inclusion criteria and had presented in spontaneous labor at the maternity unit were selected for the study. Each participant's sociodemographic data, height, mode of delivery, and neonatal birth weight were obtained using a semistructured proforma. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 22, Atlanta, Georgia.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 30.4 ± 4.2 years and the mean height was 164.5 ± 6.1 cm. Approximately 82% of the women had vaginal delivery. Majority (96.6%) of the participants were booked and more than 75% have had previous vaginal delivery. There was no significant association between the maternal height and mode of delivery (P = 0.95). However, there was a significant association between neonatal birthweight and route of delivery (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
There is no significant association between maternal height and route of delivery in Abakiliki, Nigeria. Although height has traditionally been used in participant counseling regarding potential route of delivery, this study shows that height may not serve as an evidence-based tool in screening or predicting the route of delivery in the Abakaliki metropolis. Further larger studies are advocated to corroborate or refute this observation
Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of renal infection in children
Authors: Lin Huihui , Li Xu , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Jun , Wang Chang , Fei Weimin , Wang Kaixuan , Li Gengwu 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of renal infection in children, evaluate the reliability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting renal infections, and the difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values between acute renal pelvis nephritis (APN), acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) and renal abscess (RA).

METHODS:
Data for 513 children with a clinical orpathological diagnosis of acute kidney infection. Both MRI and voiding cystourethrography were performed in 28 cases. Group A comprised 17 cases of retrograde infection; Group B comprised 11 cases of blood–borne infection. The Kappa test was used to analyze differences in lesion DWI distribution between the groups, and the t-test was used to compare the ADC values.

RESULTS:
The MRI manifestations of pediatric renal infection were characteristic. The lesions had high-signal intensity on DWI and were located mainly in the renal cortex blood–borne infections versus the renal cortex and medulla in retrograde infections. The sensitivity and specificity of DWI for detecting lesions were 100% and 96%. The average ADC values of APN, AFBN, and RA lesions were lower than that of normal kidney tissue, with statistically significant differences between the three conditions; the ADC value of RA was the lowest, and that of APN was the highest.

CONCLUSION:
There were differences in the lesion distributions between renal retrograde and blood–borne infections. The quantitative decrease in ADC value may be related to the duration of the disease and the degree of renal damage.
Role of Janus Kinase inhibitors in the management of pulmonary involvement due to Long COVID-19 disease
Authors: Singh Pawan Kumar , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Lalwani Lokesh Kumar , Chaudhry Dhruva , Govindagoudar Manjunath B. , Sriram Chaudhari Pramod , Ahuja Aman 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Ongoing symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (OSC) is defined as persistent symptoms beyond 4 weeks of acute illness. OSC leads to prolonged hospitalization and oxygen dependence. We aimed to find the outcome of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) as a steroid-sparing agent to treat OSC.

METHODS:
In this single-center case-controlled study comparing JAKi and corticosteroids in OSC cases, data of 41 cases out of 86 were included – 21 in the JAKi group and 20 in the corticosteroid group from 4 weeks of acute illness to the next 4 weeks. Clinical parameters and inflammatory markers were recorded. The primary outcome was to compare the proportion of patients who were able to maintain oxygen saturation ≥95% with any oxygen supplementation in the two groups.

RESULTS:
The baseline clinical and demographic characteristics were similar in the two groups. The age was 53.65 ± 9.8 years and 51.48 ± 14.0 years in the corticosteroid group and JAKi group, respectively. At the baseline, 85% of patients in the corticosteroid group and 85.8% in the JAKi group were on oxygen support. The most common symptom in both groups was breathlessness followed by cough. Twenty percent of patients in the JAKi group received baricitinib and the remaining were given tofacitinib. At the time of follow-up, the majority of cases had a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer; however, the change in CRP and D-dimer was similar in both groups. The number of patients off oxygen support at 4 weeks was higher in the JAKi group (85% in the corticosteroid group vs. 95.2% in the JAKi group, P = 0.269), and the median time to liberation from oxygen support was significantly lower in JAKi group (19 days in corticosteroid group vs. 9 days in JAKi group, P < 0.001). The frequency of any adverse event was also higher in the corticosteroid group (70% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.003).

CONCLUSION:
JAKi can be used as immunomodulatory drugs in hypoxic OSC cases having evidence of ongoing inflammation.
Performance of emergency triage prediction of an open access natural language processing based chatbot application (ChatGPT)
Authors: Sarbay İbrahim , Berikol Göksu Bozdereli , Özturan İbrahim Ulaş 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Artificial intelligence companies have been increasing their initiatives recently to improve the results of chatbots, which are software programs that can converse with a human in natural language. The role of chatbots in health care is deemed worthy of research. OpenAI’s ChatGPT is a supervised and empowered machine learning-based chatbot. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of ChatGPT in emergency medicine (EM) triage prediction.

METHODS:
This was a preliminary, cross-sectional study conducted with case scenarios generated by the researchers based on the emergency severity index (ESI) handbook v4 cases. Two independent EM specialists who were experts in the ESI triage scale determined the triage categories for each case. A third independent EM specialist was consulted as arbiter, if necessary. Consensus results for each case scenario were assumed as the reference triage category. Subsequently, each case scenario was queried with ChatGPT and the answer was recorded as the index triage category. Inconsistent classifications between the ChatGPT and reference category were defined as over-triage (false positive) or under-triage (false negative).

RESULTS:
Fifty case scenarios were assessed in the study. Reliability analysis showed a fair agreement between EM specialists and ChatGPT (Cohen’s Kappa: 0.341). Eleven cases (22%) were over triaged and 9 (18%) cases were under triaged by ChatGPT. In 9 cases (18%), ChatGPT reported two consecutive triage categories, one of which matched the expert consensus. It had an overall sensitivity of 57.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34–78.2), specificity of 34.5% (95% CI: 17.9–54.3), positive predictive value (PPV) of 38.7% (95% CI: 21.8–57.8), negative predictive value (NPV) of 52.6 (95% CI: 28.9–75.6), and an F1 score of 0.461. In high acuity cases (ESI-1 and ESI-2), ChatGPT showed a sensitivity of 76.2% (95% CI: 52.8–91.8), specificity of 93.1% (95% CI: 77.2–99.2), PPV of 88.9% (95% CI: 65.3–98.6), NPV of 84.4 (95% CI: 67.2–94.7), and an F1 score of 0.821. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.846 (95% CI: 0.724–0.969, P < 0.001) for high acuity cases.

CONCLUSION:
The performance of ChatGPT was best when predicting high acuity cases (ESI-1 and ESI-2). It may be useful when determining the cases requiring critical care. When trained with more medical knowledge, ChatGPT may be more accurate for other triage category predictions.