bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular structure and characteristics of phytoglycogen, glycogen and amylopectin subjected to mild acid hydrolysis
Authors: Pan Bo , Zhao Ningjing , Xie Qiuqi , Li Yungao , Hamaker Bruce R. , Miao Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe structure and properties of phytoglycogen and glycogen subjected to acid hydrolysis was investigated using amylopectin as a reference. The degradation took place in two stages and the degree of hydrolysis was in the following order: amylopectin > phytoglycogen > glycogen. Upon acid hydrolysis, the molar mass distribution of phytoglycogen or glycogen gradually shifted to the smaller and broadening distribution region, whereas the distribution of amyopectin changed from bimodal to monomodal shape. The kinetic rate constant for depolymerization of phytoglycogen, amylopectin, and glycogen were 3.45 × 10−5/s, 6.13 × 10−5/s, and 0.96 × 10−5/s, respectively. The acid-treated sample had the smaller particle radius, lower percentage of α-1,6 linkage as well as higher rapidly digestible starch fractions. The depolymerization models were built to interpret the structural differences of glucose polymer during acid treatment, which would provide guideline to improve the structure understanding and precise application of branched glucan with desired properties.
The influences of daily experiences of awe on stress, somatic health, and well-being: a longitudinal study during COVID-19
Authors: Monroy María , Uğurlu Özge , Zerwas Felicia , Corona Rebecca , Keltner Dacher , Eagle Jake , Amster Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present work, we used daily diary methodology to investigate the influence of awe on stress, somatic health (e.g., pain symptoms), and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. We recruited a sample of community adults (N = 269) and a sample of healthcare professionals (N = 145) in the United States. Across both samples, we found that awe and well-being increased, and stress and somatic health symptoms decreased over the 22-day diary period. In daily level analyses, we found that the more daily awe people experienced, the less stress, less somatic health symptoms, and greater well-being they felt. Daily experiences of awe can benefit individuals during times of acute and chronic stress—such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
The effects of trans fat diet intake on metabolic parameters and pancreatic tissue in offspring of prenatal bisphenol A exposed rats
Authors: Abulehia Hala , Mohd Nor Noor Shafina , Sheikh Abdul Kadir Siti Hamimah , Abdul Aziz Mardiana , Zulkifli Sarah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticiser used in the manufacturing of many products and its effects on human health remain controversial. Up till now, BPA involvement in metabolic syndrome risk and development is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal BPA exposure with postnatal trans-fat diet intake on metabolic parameters and pancreatic tissue histology. Eighteen pregnant rats were divided into control (CTL), vehicle tween 80 (VHC), and BPA (5 mg/kg/day) from gestational day (GD) 2 until GD 21, then their weaning rat’s offspring were fed with normal diet (ND) or trans-fat diet (TFD) from postnatal week (PNW) 3 until PNW 14. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood (biochemical analysis) and pancreatic tissues (histological analysis) were collected. Glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The study has shown that there was no significant difference between groups with regard to glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles (p > 0.05). All pancreatic tissues showed normal architecture with irregular islets of Langerhans in TFD intake groups compared to offspring that consumed ND. Furthermore, the pancreatic histomorphometry was also affected whereby the study findings revealed that there was a significant increase in the mean number of pancreatic islets in rats from BPA-TFD group (5.987 ± 0.3159 islets/field, p = 0.0022) compared to those fed with ND and BPA non-exposed. In addition, the results have found that prenatal BPA exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the pancreatic islets diameter of the BPA-ND group (183.3 ± 23.28 µm, p = 0.0022) compared to all other groups. In conclusion, prenatal BPA exposure with postnatal TFD in the offspring may affect glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islets in adulthood, and the effect may be more aggravated in late adulthood.
Right versus left eye asymmetry of microvasculature in diabetes revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Zhao Tong , Laotaweerungsawat Sawarin , Chen Yi , Liu Xiuyun , Liu Dongwei , Stewart Jay M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we explored inter-ocular asymmetry (between the two eyes of the same patient) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at different retinopathy stages. A total of 258 patients were divided into four groups: no DM, DM without diabetic retinopathy (DR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Superficial and deep vessel density (SVD, DVD), superficial and deep perfusion density (SPD, DPD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter and circularity were calculated, and asymmetry index (AI) was used to evaluate the asymmetry of two eyes of the same subject. AIs of SPD, SVD, FAZ area and FAZ perimeter in the PDR group were larger than all other 3 groups (all p < 0.05). The AIs of DPD, DVD, FAZ area and FAZ perimeter in males were larger than in females (p = 0.015, p = 0.023, p = 0.006 and p = 0.017). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was positively correlated with AI of FAZ perimeter (p = 0.02) and circularity (p = 0.022). In conclusion, PDR patients’ eyes were significantly asymmetric in both vascular density and FAZ metrics. Male sex and HbA1c are risk factors that influenced symmetry. This study highlights that right-left asymmetry should be taken into account in DR-related studies, particularly those analyzing microvascular changes with OCTA.
Identifying the source populations supplying a vital economic marine species for the New Zealand aquaculture industry
Authors: Chaput Romain , Quigley Calvin N. , Weppe Simon B. , Jeffs Andrew G. , de Souza João M. A. C. , Gardner Jonathan P. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAquaculture of New Zealand’s endemic green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is an industry valued at NZ$ 336 M per annum and is ~ 80% reliant on the natural supply of wild mussel spat harvested at a single location—Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē—Ninety Mile Beach (NMB)—in northern New Zealand. Despite the economic and ecological importance of this spat supply, little is known about the population connectivity of green-lipped mussels in this region or the location of the source population(s). In this study, we used a biophysical model to simulate the two-stage dispersal process ofP. canaliculus. A combination of backward and forward tracking experiments was used to identify primary settlement areas and putative source populations. The model was then used to estimate the local connectivity, revealing two geographic regions of connectivity in northern New Zealand, with limited larval exchange between them. Although secondary dispersal can double the dispersal distance, our simulations show that spat collected at NMB originate from neighbouring mussel beds, with large contributions from beds located at Ahipara (southern end of NMB). These results provide information that may be used to help monitor and protect these important source populations to ensure the ongoing success of the New Zealand mussel aquaculture industry.
Evolution of NLR genes in genus Arachis reveals asymmetric expansion of NLRome in wild and domesticated tetraploid species
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Haider Syed Zeeshan , Bakar Abu , Rani Shamiza , Danial Muhammad , Sharma Vikas , Mubin Muhammad , Serfraz Ali , Shahnawaz-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Shakoor Sidra , Alkahtani Saad , Saleem Fozia , Mamoon-ur-Rehman Hafiz , Serfraz Saad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArachis hypogaeais an allotetraploid crop widely grown in the world. Wild relatives of genusArachisare the rich source of genetic diversity and high levels of resistance to combat pathogens and climate change. The accurate identification and characterization of plant resistance gene, nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat receptor (NLRs) substantially contribute to the repertoire of resistances and improve production. In the current study, we have studied the evolution of NLR genes in genusArachisand performed their comparative genomics among four diploids (A. duranensis,A. ipaensis,A. cardenasii,A. stenosperma) and two tetraploid (wild:A. monticolaand domesticated:A. hypogaea) species. In total 521, 354, 284, 794, 654, 290 NLR genes were identified fromA. cardenasii, A. stenospermaandA. duranensis,A. hypogaea, A. monticolaandA. ipaensisrespectively. Phylogenetic analysis and classification of NLRs revealed that they belong to 7 subgroups and specific subgroups have expanded in each genome leading towards divergent evolution. Gene gain and loss, duplication assay reveals that wild and domesticated tetraploids species have shown asymmetric expansion of NLRome in both sub-genome (AA and BB). A-subgenome ofA. monticolaexhibited significant contraction of NLRome while B-subgenome shows expansion and vice versa in case ofA. hypogaeaprobably due to distinct natural and artificial selection pressure. In addition, diploid speciesA. cardenasiirevealed the largest repertoire of NLR genes due to higher frequency of gene duplication and selection pressure.A. cardenasiiandA. monticolacan be regarded as putative resistance resources for peanut breeding program for introgression of novel resistance genes. Findings of this study also emphasize the application neo-diploids and polyploids due to higher quantitative expression of NLR genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that studied the effect of domestication and polyploidy on the evolution of NLR genes in genusArachisto identify genomic resources for improving resistance of polyploid crop with global importance on economy and food security.
Moderate chlorophyll-a environments reduce coral bleaching during thermal stress in Yap, Micronesia
Authors: Keighan Rachael , van Woesik Robert , Yalon Anthony , Nam Joe , Houk Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThermal-stress events on coral reefs lead to coral bleaching, mortality, and changes in species composition. The coral reefs of Yap, in the Federated States of Micronesia, however, remained largely unaffected by major thermal-stress events until 2020, when temperatures were elevated for three months. Twenty-nine study sites were examined around Yap to determine geographical and taxonomic patterns of coral abundance, bleaching susceptibility, and environmental predictors of bleaching susceptibility. Island-wide, 21% (± 14%) of the coral cover was bleached in 2020. Although inner reefs had a greater proportion of thermally-tolerant Porites corals, the prevalence of bleaching was consistently lower on inner reefs (10%) than on outer reefs (31%) for all coral taxa. Corals on both inner and outer reefs along the southwestern coast exhibited the lowest prevalence of coral bleaching and had consistently elevated chlorophyll-a concentrations. More broadly, we revealed a negative relationship between bleaching prevalence and (moderate) chlorophyll-a concentrations that may have facilitated resistance to thermal stress by reducing irradiance and providing a heterotrophic energy source to benefit some corals exposed to autotrophic stress. Southwestern reefs also supported a high but declining fish biomass, making these bleaching-resistant and productive reefs a potential climate-change refuge and a prime target for conservation.
Integrated control of non-motor and motor efforts during perceptual decision-making and action execution: a pilot study
Authors: Leroy Élise , Koun Éric , Thura David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHumans daily life is characterized by a succession of voluntary actions. Since energy resources are limited, the ability to invest the appropriate amount of effort for selecting and executing these actions is a hallmark of adapted behavior. Recent studies indicate that decisions and actions share important principles, including the optimization of their duration when the context requires it. In the present pilot study, we test the hypothesis that the management of effort-related energy resources is shared between decision and action too. Healthy human subjects performed a perceptual decision task where they had to choose between two levels of effort to invest in making the decision (i.e. two levels of perceptual difficulty), and report it with a reaching movement. Crucially, the movement accuracy requirement gradually increased from trial to trial depending on participants’ decision performance. Results indicate an overall moderate and non-significant impact of the increasing motor difficulty on the choice of the non-motor (decision) effort to invest in each trial and on decision performance. By contrast, motor performance strongly decreased depending on both the motor and decisional difficulties. Together, the results support the hypothesis of an integrated management of the effort-related energy resources between decision and action. They also suggest that in the present task, the mutualized resources are primarily allocated to the decision-making process to the detriment of movements.
Machine learning reveals sex-specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kwak Soongu , Lee Hyun-Jung , Kim Seungyeon , Park Jun-Bean , Lee Seung-Pyo , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Yong-Jin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk using machine learning. We studied 258,279 individuals (132,505 [51.3%] men and 125,774 [48.7%] women) without documented ASCVD who underwent national health screening. A random forest model was developed using 16 variables to predict the 10-year ASCVD in each sex. The association between cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year ASCVD probabilities was examined using partial dependency plots. During the 10-year follow-up, 12,319 (4.8%) individuals developed ASCVD, with a higher incidence in men than in women (5.3% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001). The performance of the random forest model was similar to that of the pooled cohort equations (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, men: 0.733 vs. 0.727; women: 0.769 vs. 0.762). Age and body mass index were the two most important predictors in the random forest model for both sexes. In partial dependency plots, advanced age and increased waist circumference were more strongly associated with higher probabilities of ASCVD in women. In contrast, ASCVD probabilities increased more steeply with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in men. These sex-specific associations were verified in the conventional Cox analyses. In conclusion, there were significant sex differences in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and ASCVD events. While higher total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels were more strongly associated with the risk of ASCVD in men, older age and increased waist circumference were more strongly associated with the risk of ASCVD in women.
Lessons on the COVID-19 pandemic: who are the most affected
Authors: Xie Jun , Piao Xiangdan , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in work and lifestyle, impacting occupational mental health. This study examines the time and individual heterogeneity in the pandemic's effects on occupational mental health using panel data from job stress checks spanning 2018 to 2021. On average, there was an initial alleviation of high-stress risk in 2020, followed by a deterioration in 2021. Based on the job demand-resource theory, we identify the group of employees most affected by the pandemic. The findings highlight that employees in unfavorable workplace conditions are more likely to experience substantial adverse impacts. Adequate workplace support, including factors like interpersonal relationships, managerial support, job meaning, control, and work-life balance, is crucial for mitigating high-stress risk. Additionally, during the early phase of the pandemic, engaged employees experienced a slight decline in occupational mental health, while those lacking job resources at their worksite faced higher levels of occupational stress in the subsequent year. These findings offer practical suggestions for person-centered coping strategies to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impact.
Solvent-promoted photochemical carbonylation of benzylic C–H bonds under iron catalysis
Authors: Qi Rui , Bai Tianwen , Tang Shuwang , Hou Ming , Zhang Zhide , Xie Wenlin , Deng Yangling , Zhou Hongwei , Qiu Guanyinsheng 
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the iron-catalyzed photochemical carbonylation of benzylic C–H bonds resulting in the synthesis of various aryl ketones. Using 5 W blue LED irradiation, the reactions proceed smoothly in the presence of 2 mol% of FeBr3 in MeOH at 35 °C.
Physical cool-core condensation radius in massive galaxy clusters
Authors: Wang Lei , Tozzi Paolo , Yu Heng , Gaspari Massimo , Ettori Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Aims. We investigate the properties of cool cores in an optimally selected sample of 37 massive and X-ray-bright galaxy clusters, with regular morphologies, observed with Chandra. We started by measuring the density, temperature, and abundance radial profiles of their intracluster medium (ICM). From these independent quantities, we computed the cooling (tcool), free-fall (tff), and turbulence (teddy) timescales as a function of radius.
Methods. By requiring the profile-crossing condition, tcool/teddy = 1, we measured the cool-core condensation radius, Rccc, within which the balancing feeding and feedback processes generate the turbulent condensation rain and related chaotic cold accretion (CCA). We also constrained the complementary (quenched) cooling flow radius, Rqcf, obtained via the condition tcool = 25 × tff, that encompasses the region of thermally unstable cooling.
Results. We find that in our our massive cluster sample and in the limited redshift range considered (1.3 × 1014 < M500 < 16.6 × 1014 M⊙, 0.03 < z < 0.29), the distribution of Rccc peaks at ∼0.01 r500 and the entire range remains below ∼0.07 r500, with a very weak increase with redshift and no dependence on the cluster mass. We find that Rqcf is typically three times larger than Rccc, with a wider distribution, and growing more slowly along Rccc, according to an average relation Rqcf∝ Rccc0.46, with a large intrinsic scatter.
Conclusions. We suggest that this sublinear relation can be understood as an effect of the micro rain of pockets of cooled gas flickering in the turbulent ICM, whose dynamical and thermodynamical properties are referred to as “macro weather”. Substituting the classical ad hoc cool-core radius R7.7 Gyr, we propose that Rqcf is an indicator of the size of global cool cores tied to the long-term macro weather, with the inner Rccc closely tracing the effective condensation rain and chaotic cold accretion (CCA) zone that feeds the central supermassive black hole (SMBH).
FAUST
Authors: Cacciapuoti L. , Macias E. , Maury A. J. , Chandler C. J. , Sakai N. , Tychoniec Ł. , Viti S. , Natta A. , De Simone M. , Miotello A. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , Podio L. , Fedele D. , Johnstone D. , Shirley Y. , Liu B. J. , Bianchi E. , Zhang Z. E. , Pineda J. , Loinard L. , Ménard F. , Lebreuilly U. , Klessen R. S. , Hennebelle P. , Molinari S. , Testi L. , Yamamoto S. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Early dust grain growth in protostellar envelopes infalling on young disks has been suggested in recent studies, supporting the hypothesis that dust particles start to agglomerate already during the class 0/I phase of young stellar objects. If this early evolution were confirmed, it would impact the usually assumed initial conditions of planet formation, where only particles with sizes ≲0.25 µm are usually considered for protostellar envelopes.
Aims. We aim to determine the maximum grain size of the dust population in the envelope of the class 0/I protostar L1527 IRS, located in the Taurus star-forming region (140 pc).
Methods. We use Atacama Large millimeter/submillimeter Array and Atacama Compact Array archival data and present new observations, in an effort to both enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the faint extended continuum emission and properly account for the compact emission from the inner disk. Using observations performed in four wavelength bands and extending the spatial range of previous studies, we aim to place tight constraints on the spectral (α) and dust emissivity (β) indices in the envelope of L1527 IRS.
Results. We find a rather flat α ~ 3.0 profile in the range 50–2000 au. Accounting for the envelope temperature profile, we derived values for the dust emissivity index, 0.9 < β < 1.6, and reveal a tentative, positive outward gradient. This could be interpreted as a distribution of mainly interstellar medium like grains at 2000 au, gradually progressing to (sub)millimeter-sized dust grains in the inner envelope, where at R = 300 au, β = 1.1 ± 0.1.
Our study supports a variation of the dust properties in the envelope of L1527 IRS. We discuss how this can be the result of in situ grain growth, dust differential collapse from the parent core, or upward transport of disk large grains.
Lipidsenkende Therapie bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Klingel Reinhard 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie chronische Nierenerkrankung (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) wird entsprechend der Leitlinien des Netzwerks Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) unabhängig von der Ätiologie definiert als mindestens 3-monatige Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion mit meist irreversibler, struktureller Schädigung der Nieren, die bis zur terminalen Niereninsuffizienz fortschreiten kann. Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen stellen die Haupttodesursache bei Patienten mit CKD dar. Mit abnehmender glomerulärer Filtrationsrate (GFR) steigt die Bedeutung nicht atherosklerotischer Risikofaktoren. Diese komplexe Risikokonstellation führt zu den 2 allgemeinen Therapiezielen: die Verhinderung oder Verlangsamung der Progredienz der CKD unter Einschluss der möglichst effektiven Behandlung der Grunderkrankung und der kardiovaskulären Prävention. Hinsichtlich der Atherosklerose ist die lipidsenkende Therapie (LLT: „lipid-lowering therapy“) ein wesentliches Element mit den Empfehlungen des KDIGO-Netzwerks und den Leitlinien der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) als Grundlagen.
Dislozierte Meniskusläsionen
Authors: Wunn Rainer , Kramer Josef 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie MRT ist als nicht invasive Methode mit hohem Weichteilkontrast zum Goldstandard in der Diagnostik von Meniskusläsionen geworden. Verlagerte Meniskusanteile sind oft eine Blickdiagnose.
Manchmal sind jedoch nur kleine Anteile betroffen, die der Wahrnehmung entgehen können. Dieser Beitrag erklärt die Grundlagen von Meniskusrissen, wie Meniskusdislokationen entstehen und die
Zeichen, an denen Verlagerungen zu erkennen sind.