bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting patterns of host selection and performance of insect seed predators on three sympatric host plant species
Authors: Fagundes Marcilio , Fernandes Zaura Couto , Neves Frederico Siqueira , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Cuevas‐Reyes Pablo , Cornelissen Tatiana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Characterising host selection mechanisms and the performance of seed‐predating insects on different hosts has broad implications for ecology and applied entomology.
We assessed host selection and performance of endophagous seed‐predating insects on three species of Copaifera, testing two hypotheses: (i) large‐sized trees produce larger seeds and have higher levels of seed predation than their smaller congeneric relatives, and (ii) endophagous seed‐predating insects that develop in larger‐seeded trees exhibit higher body mass, lipid content, and muscle mass as they obtain higher amount of food resources.
Unpredated seeds of the large‐sized Copaifera langsdorffii showed greater mass than their smaller congeneric relatives C. arenicola and C. oblongifolia.
Two species of endophagous seed‐predating beetles (Rhinochenus brevicollis and Apion sp.) were found attacking seeds of the three Copaifera species. Rhinochenus brevicollis preyed on a higher percentage of seeds than Apion sp. The shrub C. oblongifolia had the highest percentage of seed predation, contradicting our original hypothesis that larger species have a higher percentage of seed predation.
Rhinochenus brevicollis preyed on a higher percentage of seeds of larger‐sized species than Apion sp. The higher dispersal ability of R. brevicollis associated with different patterns of plant species distribution may be the mechanism driving differential seed predation among Copaifera species.
Adult insects that emerged from C. langsdorffii seeds showed higher body mass and lipidic content. It is likely that insects developing in larger seeds obtain a higher amount of food resources during their development. Finally, we observed a positive relationship between body weight and lipidic content in adults of R. brevicollis. We suggest that studies shedding light onto insect performance in different host‐sized seeds are necessary to understand host selection by beetles.
Build, buy or partner? The relative performance of an acquisitive strategy
Authors: Faleye Olubunmi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe conceptualize mergers as one of several strategies for creating value and study merger performance by evaluating the performance of firms employing an acquisitive strategy. Relative to other firms, acquisitive firms are valued lower, exhibit lower employee and total factor productivity, and innovate less. These effects are concentrated among firms whose workforce is vulnerable to acquisition‐related personnel disruptions and/or those that are more dependent on employee relationship‐specific investments. We therefore propose that an acquisitive strategy diminishes firm value and performance by fostering disruptive conditions that undermine employee effectiveness and weaken their incentives.
Pyoderma gangrenosum and impact on quality of life: A narrative review
Authors: Sanchez‐Melendez Stephanie N. , Malik Rhea , Patel Payal M. , Milosavljevic Sofia , Patel Shrey , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an autoinflammatory disorder typically characterized by progressive ulcers with dense neutrophilic infiltrates in the absence of infectious causes. The chronic nature of this disease significantly impacts the patients' quality of life (QoL). Yet there is currently a dearth of information in the literature regarding standardised treatment guidelines and the impact of PG on patients' QoL. We conducted a literature search on PubMed using the terms “pyoderma gangrenosum” AND “quality of life.” We identified nine relevant articles that provide insight into which domains are affected and what treatment can improve QoL. The most common domains involved are physical, emotional, and psychological. Patients tend to feel depressed/anxious, isolated, and embarrassed secondary to PG manifestations. Comorbidities such as Crohn's disease, monoclonal gammopathy of dermatologic significance, and ulcerative colitis can worsen the impact on these patients' QoL. Pain is also a significant contributor to decreasing patients' QoL. Treatments such as topical steroids, adalimumab, and canakinumab may help improve QoL scores. We believe this information can help clinicians guide the care of patients with PG and highlight the need for more studies and clinical trials focusing on PG treatments' impact on QoL.
Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland
Authors: Meeran Kathiravan , Verbrigghe Niel , Ingrisch Johannes , Fuchslueger Lucia , Müller Lena , Sigurðsson Páll , Sigurdsson Bjarni D. , Wachter Herbert , Watzka Margarete , Soong Jennifer L. , Vicca Sara , Janssens Ivan A. , Bahn Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil. On a 10‐year geothermal warming gradient in Iceland, we studied the effects of soil warming and N addition on CO2 fluxes and the fate of recently photosynthesized C through CO2 flux measurements and a 13CO2 pulse‐labeling experiment. Under warming, ecosystem respiration exceeded maximum gross primary productivity, causing increased net CO2 emissions. N addition treatments revealed that, surprisingly, the plants in the warmed soil were N limited, which constrained primary productivity and decreased recently assimilated C in shoots and roots. In soil, microbes were increasingly C limited under warming and increased microbial uptake of recent C. Soil respiration was increased by warming and was fueled by increased belowground inputs and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. Our findings suggest that a decade of warming seemed to have induced a N limitation in plants and a C limitation by soil microbes. This caused a decrease in net ecosystem CO2 uptake and accelerated the respiratory release of photosynthesized C, which decreased the C sequestration potential of the grassland. Our study highlights the importance of belowground C allocation and C‐N interactions in the C dynamics of subarctic ecosystems in a warmer world.
Picturing local adaptation: Spectral and structural traits from drone remote sensing reveal clinal responses to climate transfer in common‐garden trials of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca)
Authors: Grubinger Samuel , Coops Nicholas C. , O'Neill Gregory A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCommon‐garden trials of forest trees provide phenotype data used to assess growth and local adaptation; this information is foundational to tree breeding programs, genecology, and gene conservation. As jurisdictions consider assisted migration strategies to match populations to suitable climates, in situ progeny and provenance trials provide experimental evidence of adaptive responses to climate change. We used drone technology, multispectral imaging, and digital aerial photogrammetry to quantify spectral traits related to stress, photosynthesis, and carotenoids, and structural traits describing crown height, size, and complexity at six climatically disparate common‐garden trials of interior spruce (Picea engelmannii × glauca) in western Canada. Through principal component analysis, we identified key components of climate related to temperature, moisture, and elevational gradients. Phenotypic clines in remotely sensed traits were analyzed as trait correlations with provenance climate transfer distances along principal components (PCs). We used traits showing clinal variation to model best linear unbiased predictions for tree height (R2 = .98–.99, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.06–0.10 m) and diameter at breast height (DBH, R2 = .71–.97, RMSE = 2.57–3.80 mm) and generated multivariate climate transfer functions with the model predictions. Significant (p < .05) clines were present for spectral traits at all sites along all PCs. Spectral traits showed stronger clinal variation than structural traits along temperature and elevational gradients and along moisture gradients at wet, coastal sites, but not at dry, interior sites. Spectral traits may capture patterns of local adaptation to temperature and montane growing seasons which are distinct from moisture‐limited patterns in stem growth. This work demonstrates that multispectral indices improve the assessment of local adaptation and that spectral and structural traits from drone remote sensing produce reliable proxies for ground‐measured height and DBH. This phenotyping framework contributes to the analysis of common‐garden trials towards a mechanistic understanding of local adaptation to climate.
Young people's perspectives on addressing UK health inequalities: utopian visions and preferences for action
Authors: Fergie Gillian , Vaczy Caroline , Smith Katherine , Mackenzie Mhairi , Phan Thu Thuy , Hilton Shona 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIt is increasingly recognised by UK researchers and population health advocates that an important impetus to effective policy action to address health inequalities is activation of public dialogue about the social determinants of health and how inequalities might be addressed. The limited body of existing scholarship reaches varying conclusions on public preferences for responding to health inequalities but with consensus around the importance of tackling poverty. Young people's perspectives remain underexplored despite their increasingly visible role in activism across a range of policy issues and the potential impact of widening inequalities on their generation's health and wellbeing.MethodsSix groups of young people (39 in total) from two UK cities (Glasgow and Leeds) were engaged in online workshops to explore views on health inequalities and potential solutions. Inspired by calls to employ notions of utopia, artist–facilitators and researchers supported participants to explore the evidence, debating solutions and imagining a more desirable society, using visual and performance art. Drawing together data from discussions and creative outputs, we analysed participants' perspectives on addressing health inequalities across four domains: governance, environment, society/culture and economy.FindingsProposals ranged from radical, whole‐systems change to support for policies currently being considered by governments across the United Kingdom. The consensus was built around embracing more participatory, collaborative governance; prioritising sustainability and access to greenspace; promoting inclusivity and eliminating discrimination and improving the circumstances of those on the lowest incomes. Levels of acceptable income inequality, and how best to address income inequality were more contested. Individual‐level interventions were rarely presented as viable options for addressing the social inequalities from which health differences emanate.ConclusionYoung people contributed wide‐ranging and visionary solutions to debates around addressing the enduring existence of health inequalities in the United Kingdom. Their reflections signal support for ‘upstream’ systemic change to achieve reductions in social inequalities and the health differences that flow from these.Public ContributionAn advisory group of young people informed the development of project plans. Participants shaped the direction of the project in terms of substantive focus and were responsible for the generation of creative project outputs aimed at influencing policymakers.
mRNA expression profile reveals differentially expressed genes in splenocytes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model
Authors: Mehmood Arshad , Song Shuang , Du Xiaochen , Yan Hongjing , Wang Xuan , Guo Li , Li Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model that can be used to investigate aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment approaches for multiple sclerosis (MS). A novel integrated bioinformatics approach was used to understand the involvement of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spleen of EAE mice through data mining of existing microarray and RNA‐seq datasets. We screened differentially expressed mRNAs using mRNA expression profile data of EAE spleens taken from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Subsequently, the DEGs‐encoded protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The 784 DEGs in GSE99300 A.SW PP‐EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles, 859 DEGs in GSE151701 EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles, and 646 DEGs in GSE99300 SJL/J PP‐EAE mice spleen mRNA profiles were explored. Functional enrichment of 55 common DEGs among 3 sub‐datasets revealed several immune‐related terms, such as neutrophil extravasation, leucocyte migration, antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by an antimicrobial peptide, toll‐like receptor 4 bindings, IL‐17 signalling pathway, and TGF‐beta signalling pathway. In the screening of 10 hub genes, including MPO, ELANE, CTSG, LTF, LCN2, SELP, CAMP, S100A9, ITGA2B, and PRTN3, and in choosing and validating the 5 DEGs, including ANK1, MBOAT2, SLC25A21, SLC43A1, and SOX6, the results showed that SLC43A1 and SOX6 were significantly decreased in EAE mice spleen. Thus this study offers a list of genes expressed in the spleen that might play a key role in the pathogenesis of EAE.
Does it matter whether others are working hard or hardly working? Effects of descriptive norms on attitudes to time theft at work
Authors: Sinclair Samantha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTime theft—time that employees waste or spend not working during their scheduled work hours—poses serious costs to many employers. Although previous research has suggested the importance of social norms for understanding time theft behavior, experimental studies are lacking. This paper presents the results of two preregistered experiments that examined if information about whether most people engage in time theft or not (descriptive norms) has effects on intentions and attitudes to steal time at work. The results confirmed that people are less willing to conduct time theft if they are led to believe that others avoid such behaviors (Experiment 1, N = 170). However, the same norm information did not alter people's moral judgments of coworkers who engage in time theft (Experiment 2, N = 183). The findings tentatively suggest that the less time theft employees see, the less time theft they will commit.
Site‐selective substitution and resulting magnetism in arc‐melted perovskite ATiO3‐δ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba)
Authors: Yoon Songhak , Xie Wenjie , Xiao Xingxing , Checchia Stefano , Coduri Mauro , Schuetzenduebe Peter , Widenmeyer Marc , Ebbinghaus Stefan G. , Balke Benjamin , Weidenkaff Anke , Schütz Gisela , Son Kwanghyo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMagnetic properties in perovskite titanates ATiO3‐δ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) were investigated before and after arc melting. Crystal structure analysis was conducted by powder synchrotron X‐ray diffraction with Rietveld refinements. Quantitative chemical element analysis was carried out by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Magnetic measurements were conducted by vibrating sample magnetometer and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The magnetic properties are found to be affected by impurities of 3d elements such as Fe, Co, and Ni. Depending on the composition and crystal structure, the occupation of the magnetic ions in perovskite titanates is selectively varied, which is interpreted to be the origin of the different magnetic behaviors in arc‐melted perovskite titanates ATiO3‐δ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba). In addition, both formation of oxygen vacancies and the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ during arc‐melting also play a role as proven by XMCD. Nevertheless, preferential site occupation of magnetic impurities is dominant in the magnetic properties of arc‐melted perovskite ATiO3‐δ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba).
Integrated care models in Swiss primary care: An embedded multiple case study
Authors: Carron Tania , Domeisen Benedetti Franzisca , Fringer André , Fierz Katharina , Peytremann‐Bridevaux Isabelle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRationale, Aimsand ObjectivesHealthcare systems are confronted with a rising number of patients with chronic conditions and complex care needs, requiring the development of new models of coordinated, patient‐centred care. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare a range of new models of care recently implemented in primary care in Switzerland, as well as to gain insight into the type of coordination or integration implemented, the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the challenges they face.MethodWe used an embedded multiple case study design to describe in‐depth a series of current Swiss initiatives that specifically aim to improve care coordination in primary care. For each model, documents were collected, a questionnaire was administered and semistructured interviews with key actors were conducted. A within‐case analysis followed by a cross‐case analysis were performed. Based on the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care framework, similarities and differences between the models were highlighted.ResultsEight integrated care initiatives were included in the analysis, representing three types of models: independent multiprofessional GP practices, multiprofessional GP practices/health centres that are part of larger groups and regional integrated delivery systems. Recognized effective activities and tools to improve care coordination, such as multidisciplinary teams, case manager involvement, use of electronic medical records, patient education and use of care plans, were implemented by at least six of the eight initiatives studied. The main obstacles to the implementation of integrated care models were the inadequate Swiss reimbursement policies and payment mechanisms and the desire of some healthcare professionals to protect their territory in a context where new roles are emerging.ConclusionThe integrated care models implemented in Switzerland are promising; nevertheless, financial and legal reforms must be introduced to promote integrated care in practice.
Molecular phylogenetics of sessile Dolium sedentarium, a petalomonad euglenid
Authors: Lax Gordon , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe euglenids are a species‐rich group of flagellates with varying modes of nutrition that can be found in diverse habitats. Phagotrophic members of this group gave rise to phototrophs and hold the key to understanding the evolution of euglenids as a whole, including the evolution of complex morphological characters like the euglenid pellicle. Yet to understand the evolution of these characters, a comprehensive sampling of molecular data is needed to correlate morphological and molecular data, and to estimate a basic phylogenetic backbone of the group. While the availability of SSU rDNA and, more recently, multigene data from phagotrophic euglenids has improved, several “orphan” taxa remain without any molecular data whatsoever. Dolium sedentarium is one such taxon: It is a rarely‐observed phagotrophic euglenid that inhabits tropical benthic environments and is one of few known sessile euglenids. Based on morphological characters, it has been thought of as part of the earliest branch of euglenids, the Petalomonadida. We report the first molecular sequencing data for Dolium using single‐cell transcriptomics, adding another small piece in the puzzle of euglenid evolution. Both SSU rDNA and multigene phylogenies confirm it as a solitary branch within Petalomonadida.
A new species of rheophilic armored catfish of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Vaupés River, Amazonas basin, Colombia
Authors: Urbano‐Bonilla Alexander , Londoño‐Burbano Alejandro , Carvalho Tiago P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new rheophilic species of the genus Rineloricaria is described for the Amazon basin in Colombia. Rineloricaria cachivera n. sp. differs from its congeners by having anterior to the first predorsal plate, an inconspicuous saddle‐like mark; the presence of dark, diffuse blotches, present as unified dark colouration along most of the dorsal portion of the head, without bands or spots on the head; a long snout that occupies more than half the head length (HL), between 58.0% and 66.3% HL; a naked portion on the cleithral area from the border of lower lip reaching the origin of pectoral fin; and by having five series of lateral plates in longitudinal rows below the dorsal fin. The new species is morphologically similar to Rineloricaria daraha; however, it can be distinguished by the presence of six branched pectoral fin rays (vs. seven) and the lower lip surface with short thick papillae (vs. long finger papillae). An identification key to the Rineloricaria species of the Amazon River basin in Colombia is provided. The new species is herein categorized as Least Concern, following the IUCN criteria.
Intensive endoscopic resection strategy for multiple duodenal polyposis associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Iwata Kentaro , Kato Motohiko , Sasaki Motoki , Miyazaki Kurato , Kubosawa Yoko , Masunaga Teppei , Mizutani Mari , Hayashi Yukie , Takatori Yusaku , Matsuura Noriko , Nakayama Atsushi , Takabayashi Kaoru , Kanai Takanori , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimMultiple duodenal polyposis associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a high risk of duodenal cancer development. We evaluated the feasibility of intensive endoscopic resection that is a comprehensive treatment strategy combining multiple kinds of endoscopic treatments.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study. From January 2012 to July 2022, a total of 28 consecutive patients in FAP who underwent endoscopic resection for multiple duodenal polyposis more than twice were included. Various endoscopic treatments, such as cold polypectomy (CP), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), underwater EMR (UEMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and endoscopic papillectomy (EP), were applied depending on lesions size and location. We evaluated individual information from patients' medical records, including patient characteristics, lesion characteristics, details of endoscopic treatment, pathologic findings, and Spigelman index (SI). We compared the differences in the number of treatments and observation periods with and without SI decrease.ResultsA total of 1040 lesions were removed by 138 sessions of endoscopic resections. The median follow‐up period was 3.2 years. At the beginning of the endoscopic intervention, median SI was 9 (6–11) and the proportion of Spigelman stage (SS) IV was 61%. Repeated endoscopic treatments finally reduced SI in 26 patients (93%), and the proportion of SS IV significantly decreased to 13% with every endoscopic treatment. The mean SI change was −4.2 points per year (95% confidence interval: −0.6 to −5.9). There were no patients required surgical duodenectomy during the follow‐up period.ConclusionIntensive resection has a potential of downstaging duodenal lesions associated with FAP.