bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching bioethics needs more than just a module
Authors: Jiandani Mariya Prakash , Ranka Nidhi Mahesh , Thakur Omkar M. 
Published: January 2023

CONTEXT:
Ethics is a building block of health-care practice. Medical ethics is values and behavior applied during patient care. It may be ingrained through culture, education, upbringing, and observation. Learning by observation during a clinical posting is a hidden part of the curriculum. With experiential learning, the students may change their attitude and behavior. Whether physiotherapy students have adequate knowledge of principles of bioethics and if it changes with clinical exposure is not known.

AIMS:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of bioethics at entry level and post clinical exposure in physiotherapy students.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional study carried out in physiotherapy school of tertiary care hospital.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
Sixty-five first-year (Group A) and 65 third-year (Group B) physiotherapy undergraduates participated after institutional ethical approval. The knowledge and attitude of medical ethics was evaluated using a prevalidated structured questionnaire.

RESULTS:
Descriptive analysis and responses of Group A and Group B were compared using Mann–Whitney U-test using SPSS 16 software. There was a felt need of more than 90% of students in both the groups for sound knowledge and training in bioethics. A statistically significant difference was obtained in domains of consent, privacy, confidentiality, honesty, and integrity between 1st- and 3rd- year students. There were mixed responses in principles of autonomy, shared decision-making, and professional boundaries. Many respondents were neutral and many statements showed mixed responses indicating lack of knowledge.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study concludes a need for sensitization in bioethics during clinical training to reinforce the principles in physiotherapy undergraduates beyond a formal module.
Association of respiratory muscle strength with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, duration of disease, and physical activity levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sahu Shrikant Ramkrishna , Dhake Shreya Rahul 
Published: January 2023

CONTEXT:
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic disorder that propagates several pathological processes leading to a plethora of complications including those on skeletal muscle strength and lung function.

AIMS:
This study aims to evaluate the association of glycemic control, duration of disease, and physical activity level on respiratory muscle strength (RMS).

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department setting after approval from the institutional ethics committee.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
The Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of recruited participants was recorded from a recent laboratory test and they were interviewed with the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) tool to obtain their current physical activity levels. The evaluation of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was performed using the MicroRespiratory Pressure Meter (MicroRPM) device.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated for the RMS variables (MIP and MEP) against HbA1c, duration of disease, and RAPA Score.

RESULTS:
Twenty-six participants were evaluated. Significant correlations were found HbA1c with MIP (r = −0.45, P = 0.02) and RAPA Score with MIP (r = 0.42, P = 0.03) at P < 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS:
Inspiratory muscle strength is well associated with glycemic control and physical activity of the individual.
The prevalence of reduced upper cervical mobility and neck disability among taxi drivers in Mumbai
Authors: Shah Yashvi Sudhir , Saini Ramandeep Kaur 
Published: January 2023

AIM:
The aim of the study is to find the prevalence of reduced upper cervical mobility and neck disability among taxi drivers.

MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY:
An observational study was carried out among 120 taxi drivers in the age group of 40–50 years. The assessment was carried out using cervical flexion-rotation test and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire to assess restriction in the cervical range of motion (ROM) and disability caused in the taxi drivers due to cervicogenic headache (CGH) respectively.

RESULTS:
The results revealed that 47.5% of taxi drivers have restriction in the cervical ROM whereas on NDI the taxi drivers had 18.33% of mild disability. Around 17.50% have reported moderate disability and 2.50% a severe neck disability.

CONCLUSION:
Thus to conclude the prevalence of reduced cervical mobility was high in taxi drivers that probably are due to long-term driving and bad posture. he prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders especially in low back and knee was high in taxi drivers that probably are due to long-term driving and bad posture. The disability could be prevented by education of correct sitting while driving, work station exercises, having sufficient rest in day and night and design of ergonomically seat based on Indian anthropometric sizes.
Trends and Economic Dynamics of Guar in India
Authors: Sindhuja Sambu 
Published: January 2023

Guar was once a low-value crop, but recent changes in global markets have made guar crops that fetch large profits. The value of exports of Indian guar products increased at a galloping pace from 602.95 to 21287.01 crores during 2000–2013, making guar products the largest agricultural export in those years. However, the value of exports later declined to 1949.07 crores in 2020–21. The proportion of guar gum powder in total guar products exported from India has remained high, ranging between 61-66 % (in terms of quantity) and 75 % (in terms of value) for the last five years. The study focused on the global production and trade of guar products, the composition of guar products exported from India, trends and variations in guar production, trends in prices, major aspects of demand and supply, uses of guar products, and their derivatives. The guar area, production, and productivity in India showed a positive trend in the last 20 years (2000-2020). Monthly and seasonal fluctuations in guar prices have been observed over time. As for the long-term trend, guar prices in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana increased gradually from January 2003 to June 2010 and, after that, continued to drop sharply. The supply of guar is greatly dependent on the amount and pattern of precipitation as its cultivation is restricted to dry regions of the country. Globally, oil drilling and mining is the primary consumer industry of guar gum. Farmers and industrialists confront significant obstacles, i.e., price instability, low productivity, unpredictable guar output, low investment in R&D, etc.
AS VANTAGENS DO TREINO DE FORÇA EM MEMBROS INFERIORES PARA MELHORA DA MARCHA EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES COM PARALISIA CEREBRAL: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Nogueira Ana Luiza das Chagas , Maximiano  Jadson Macedo 
Published: January 2023

A paralisia cerebral descreve um grupo de desordens permanentes do movimento e postura atribuídos a um distúrbio não progressivo que ocorre durante o desenvolvimento do cérebro fetal ou infantil. Há uma grande variação nas formas como a PC se apresenta, estando diretamente relacionadas à extensão do dano neurológico, com diferentes graus de comprometimento motor e cognitivo. As alterações da parte motora incluem, problemas na marcha (como paralisia das pernas), hemiplegia (fraqueza em um dos lados do corpo), alterações do tônus muscular (espasticidade caracterizada por rigidez dos músculos) e contração involuntária dos membros. Uma das principais causas de paralisia Cerebral (PC) é a hipóxia, situação em que, por algum motivo relacionado ao parto, tanto referentes à mãe quanto ao feto, ocorre falta de oxigenação no cérebro, resultando em uma lesão cerebral. Crianças com PC que conseguem andar têm aproximadamente 36% a 82% da força muscular de crianças com desenvolvimento típico. A fraqueza muscular é frequentemente relatada como um fator importante que afeta a capacidade de andar. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar se há efetividade do treino de força em membros inferiores, aos pacientes pediátricos acometidos com paralisia infantil e sua melhora na marcha. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa, realizada a partir na busca de base de dados: PEdro e Pubmed, nos idiomas português e inglês, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022. Foram encontrados 313 estudos e após leitura dos títulos e resumos por não se encaixarem à finalidade do estudo, de acordo com os critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 8 estudos. Os estudos analisados nessa revisão tiveram em sua maioria resultados positivos em relação a melhora da marcha após o fortalecimento dos MMII, proveniente das intervenções aplicadas. Entretanto, alguns estudos ainda resistem ou não apoiam a eficiência das técnicas de fortalecimento para melhora da marcha em crianças com PC. Desse modo, torna-se imprescindível o aumento de comprovações científicas por meio de estudos que correlacionem a intervenção quanto ao tempo e uso de forma correta para a melhora da força e marcha de pacientes pediátricos, para que se comprove uma intervenção justificável e eficiente.
Evaluation of the spectral misalignment on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer/multi-spectral imager cloud product
Authors: Wang Minrui , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Roh Woosub , Satoh Masaki , Suzuki Kentaroh , Kubota Takuji , Yoshida Mayumi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A cloud identification and profiling algorithm is being
developed for the multi-spectral imager (MSI), which is one of the four
instruments that the Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer
(EarthCARE) spacecraft will feature. During recent work, we noticed that the MSI response function could shift substantially among some wavelengths (0.67 and 1.65 µm bands) owing to the spectral misalignment (SMILE), in which a shift in the center wavelength appears as a distortion in the spectral image. We evaluated how SMILE affects the cloud retrieval product qualitatively and quantitatively. We chose four detector pixels from bands 1 and 3 with the nadir pixel as the reference to elucidate how the SMILE error
affects the cloud optical thickness (τ) and effective cloud droplet
radius (re) by simulating the MSI forward radiation with Comprehensive
Analysis Program for Cloud Optical Measurement (CAPCOM). We also evaluated
the error in simulated scenes from a global cloud system-resolving model and a satellite simulator to measure the effect on actual observation scenes. For typical shallow warm clouds (τ = 8, re = 8 µm), the SMILE error on the cloud retrieval was not significant in most cases (up to 6 % error). For typical deep convective clouds (τ = 8, re = 40 µm), the SMILE error on the cloud retrieval was even
less significant in most cases (up to 4 % error). Moreover, our results
from two oceanic scenes using the synthetic MSI data agreed well with the
forward radiation simulation, indicating that the SMILE error was generally
within 10 %. Generally, this negligible impact of the SMILE is true for
water surfaces, but it still needs to be investigated further for land
surfaces in future works.
Bioclimatic change as a function of global warming from CMIP6 climate projections
Authors: Sparey Morgan , Cox Peter , Williamson Mark S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Climate change is predicted to lead to major changes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, substantial differences in climate model projections for given scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions continue to limit detailed assessment. Here we show, using a traditional Köppen–Geiger bioclimate classification system, that the latest CMIP6 Earth system models actually agree well on the fraction of the global land surface that would undergo a major change per degree of global warming. Data from “historical” and “SSP585” model runs are used to create bioclimate maps at various degrees of global warming and to investigate the performance of the multi-model ensemble mean when classifying climate data into discrete categories. Using a streamlined Köppen–Geiger scheme with 13 classifications, global bioclimate classification maps at 2 and 4 K of global warming above a 1901–1931 reference period are presented. These projections show large shifts in bioclimate distribution, with an almost exclusive change from colder, wetter bioclimates to hotter, drier ones. Historical model run performance is assessed and examined by comparison with the bioclimatic classifications derived from the observed climate over the same time period. The fraction (f) of the land experiencing a change in its bioclimatic class as a function of global warming (ΔT) is estimated by combining the results from the individual models. Despite the discrete nature of the bioclimatic classification scheme, we find only a weakly saturating dependence of this fraction on global warming f =1-e-0.14ΔT, which implies about 13 % of land experiencing a major change in climate per 1 K increase in global mean temperature between the global warming levels of 1 and 3 K. Therefore, we estimate that stabilizing the climate at 1.5 K rather than 2 K of global warming would save over 7.5 million square kilometres of land from a major bioclimatic change.
COMPARISON OF BOUNCE CHARACTERISTICS ON THREE TYPES OF TRAMPOLINES
Authors: Sands William A. , Varmette Madison K. , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Donti Olyvia , Murphy Bryce V. , Taylor Troy J. 
Published: January 2023

Trampoline use has skyrocketed in recent years in a variety of recreational contexts and among athletes in sports ranging from gymnastics and diving to skiing and snowboarding. The purpose of this study was to examine the bounce characteristics elicited by athletes bouncing on three types of trampolines. Tumbl Trak, Standard, and Super Tramp trampolines were assessed by 10 experienced trampoline and acrobatic athletes (5 males, 5 females). A triaxial accelerometer (250 Hz) characterized the 10 highest controlled bounces on each trampoline and each athlete. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed statistical differences in bounce characteristics: time from bounce start to peak acceleration (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.82), time from peak acceleration to bounce end (p=.030, ƞ2 =0.40), and total bounce time (p<0.001, ƞ2 =0.78, jump height (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.95) peak acceleration (p=.015, ƞ2 =0.37), and flight time (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.97). Average acceleration, force, and allometrically scaled average force were not statistically different (p˃.140, ƞ2=0.20). The stiffest trampoline with the least time values, peak accelerations, and jump heights was the Tumbl Trak, followed by the Standard trampoline, and Super Tramp, respectively. This information may help practitioners and others to understand the bounce behaviors of athletes on these types of trampolines.
Hallazgos histopatológicos pulmonares asociados a COVID-19. Una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Authors: Rodríguez-Funes María Virginia , Herrera Huezo Héctor , Ortiz Andrea , Osorio Cecilia Belem , Molina Dennys , Reina Meléndez Verónica , Vindell Juan José , Ortiz-Muñoz Luis , Rada Gabriel 
Published: January 2023

Introducción. La COVID-19 es una nueva enfermedad que requería resultados prontos provenientes de la investigación. Un abordaje para la comprensión de su fisiopatología es conocer el daño a nivel histopatológico que genera en los pulmones de los afectados. Objetivo. Proveer un resumen riguroso de la evidencia disponible sobre los hallazgos histopatológicos pulmonares en pacientes con COVID-19. Metodología. Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de proporciones. Se incluyeron estudios primarios de cualquier diseño que tuvieran datos primarios de hallazgos histopatológicos de pulmones en pacientes COVID-19. Se excluyeron revisiones y guías. Las fuentes de información fueron el repositorio centralizado Living OVerview of Evidence, PubMed/Medline, LitCovid, la base de datos COVID-19 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y medRxiv hasta el 3 de abril 2021. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgos se realizó utilizando las herramientas del Instituto Joanna Briggs para series de casos y reportes de casos. Se extrajo cada dato de hallazgo pulmonar histopatológico. Se calcularon las frecuencias encontradas y los datos de los hallazgos más frecuentes fueron resumidas en metaanálisis usando el método de efectos aleatorios de Der Simmonian-Liard. Se midió la heterogeneidad. Resultados. Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 69 artículos sumando 594 sujetos. Presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgos 35 artículos. El metaanálisis de proporciones mostro daño alveolar difuso en 0,62 (IC 95 % 0,51-0,72), I2 59 % (p < 0,01), en su fase temprana (85,14 %). Conclusión. El daño alveolar difuso temprano fue el hallazgo histopatológico más frecuente en muestras pulmonares de pacientes con COVID-19.
Démontrer la danse : les danses-conférences d’Yvonne Rainer dans les années 1960
Authors: Renard Johanna 
Published: January 2023

La contribution essentielle d’Yvonne Rainer à l’histoire de la conférence-performance est encore largement sous-estimée. Ingrédient crucial de la danse rainerienne, la voix s’impose pourtant dès ses premières pièces chorégraphiques, au début des années 1960. Dans ces œuvres, la juxtaposition disjonctive de la danse, du bruitage vocal et du discours oscille entre parodie ironique, didactisme et parole autobiographique. Celle qui affirme que « la danse est difficile à voir », intègre au cœur de sa démarche chorégraphique les questions de la monstration et de la démonstration du mouvement. Entre 1968 et 1970, Rainer développe un format performatif qu’elle dénomme performance demonstration (performance-démonstration), un genre de collage en perpétuelle mutation, mêlant mouvements, textes, images et sons. En éclairant les enjeux kinesthésiques, pédagogiques, théoriques et personnels des conférences performées créées par la danseuse et chorégraphe durant les années 1960, nous proposons de décaler le regard pour discuter la part de la subjectivité, de la critique et de la subversion dans ce format performatif.
Ce que l’histoire juridique de la photographie nous apprend du principe de dignité humaine
Authors: Delbard Nathalie 
Published: January 2023

À partir de l'étude des premiers cas de protection juridique de l'histoire de la photographie, portant à la fois sur le sujet photographié et l'auteur de l'image, il s'agit de montrer comment les critères qui se sont instaurés dès le xixe siècle ont durablement établi une certaine distribution des places pour les uns et les autres. Le droit post-mortem notamment, mettant en jeu la notion de dignité des personnes représentées, se révèle fort ou absent, selon qu'il concerne les puissants ou les anonymes, mais encore l'Occident ou l'Orient. L'exemple des photographies de Syrie évoqué en fin d'article expose ainsi comment cette dimension historiquement inégalitaire du droit trouve, encore aujourd'hui, sa traduction esthétique dans l'image elle-même.
Binômes et Rhizomes. Deleuze et Guattari : de l’invention d’une écriture impersonnelle et inassignable à la multiplication des usages
Authors: Gérard Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2023

Deleuze et Guattari ont inauguré en philosophie une très étrange forme de partenariat : avec L’Anti-Œdipe, le texte annule la figure traditionnelle de l’auteur au profit d’une prolifération anonyme et rhizomatique inédite. Le succès remporté par les travaux cosignés Deleuze et Guattari auprès des créateurs (et les nombreux usages qu’ils ont inspirés, notamment dans le domaine artistique), doit être pensé en rapport direct avec cette conception du travail comme pragmatique de la rencontre.
Le Kouglof comme plis réglés, « des plis là où l’on ne s’y attend pas »
Authors: Félix-Fromentin Clotilde 
Published: January 2023

Ce texte est l'occasion de présenter une forme apparue dans le cadre d’un travail expérimental et théorique sur la pensée de l’enveloppe en design. Il s’agit de la relecture textile du tore mathématique aux plis préservés en son centre lors de sa mise en forme. Cette figure, surnommée Kouglof en référence à la brioche alsacienne, interroge par sa capacité à être à la fois unique et multiple, simple et complexe. Dans sa réflexion philosophique sur le pli, Gilles Deleuze évoque à partir des mathématiques leibniziennes un nouveau statut de l'objet, l'objectile, qui trouva son application en architecture et design à l'ère numérique par le biais de son ami Bernard Cache au sein du mouvement Non Standard. Ce modèle permet d'expliciter les raisons intrinsèques de la figure étudiée et de la situer vis-à-vis de l'évolution des processus de conception dans le contexte de la troisième révolution industrielle. S'intéressant à la question de la disparition du moule inhérente à son statut, le Kouglof révèle plus particulièrement la spécificité de son ontologie plissée dans des logiques plus biologiques que biomorphiques, et incite à une attitude de projet « paysagère » plutôt que calculatoire.
Que reste-t-il du visage de l’acteur de théâtre ? Maquillage, grimages, transformation
Authors: Poliakov Stéphane 
Published: January 2023

Les traces de la présence de l’acteur, éphémères et souvent indirectes, interrogent la mémoire visuelle du théâtre : image‑reflet ou figuration par séries. Le maquillage théâtral croise une réflexion sur les transformations de la tête et du visage de l’acteur depuis les fards français jusqu’au grimage, catégorie pertinente pour le théâtre russe à partir du xixe siècle. Il s’agit ici de saisir la multiplicité des images qui documentent ces transformations de l’acteur : gravures, peintures, dessins, photographies, genres du portrait et de la caricature. L’art décoratif théâtral russe permet d’isoler un corpus spécifique d’esquisses de grimage (maquettes de maquillage) qui donnent à penser et à voir les capacités de projection et d’imagination figurative du peintre‑décorateur, de l’acteur ou du metteur en scène, mettant en évidence une question génétique d’esthétique théâtrale avec des enjeux de conservation, d’édition et d’exposition.
L’inflation patrimoniale comme érosion des créativités
Authors: Gomérieux Raphaël 
Published: January 2023

Nous sommes passés d’un temps hésitant à conserver les décors de ballet peints par Picasso pour Parade à celui où sont, par exemple, exposés sans ambages quatre cents objets de scène ayant appartenu aux Rolling Stones. Partant de ce constat, le présent article inscrit la réflexion sur la conservation des objets au sein du processus plus général d’extension de la notion de patrimoine qui s’opère au vingtième siècle. Beaucoup commentée, cette « inflation patrimoniale » réactive ici le débat sur le relativisme entre les cultures mais également sur le nivellement des valeurs. À partir de la pensée de Claude Lévi-Strauss, l’auteur revient sur le processus d’intégration des créations culturelles au sein d’un patrimoine mondialisé (unesco : 1972). Souvent présenté comme une « source d’inspiration et de création » pour les générations à venir, il est néanmoins possible d’y voir un marqueur d’entropie et un signe de crise de la civilisation occidentale. Les ambiguïtés au cœur des prescriptions formulées par les institutions internationales sont questionnées afin de renouer avec une idée prospective du patrimoine, de l’histoire et de la création.