bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variation among Chinook Salmon populations indicates physiological adaptation to local environmental conditions
Authors: Zillig Kenneth W , FitzGerald Alyssa M , Lusardi Robert A , Cocherell Dennis E , Fangue Nann A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding interpopulation variation is important to predicting species responses to climate change. Recent research has revealed interpopulation variation among several species of Pacific salmonids; however, the environmental drivers of population differences remain elusive. We tested for local adaptation and countergradient variation by assessing interpopulation variation among six populations of fall-run Chinook Salmon from the western United States. Juvenile fish were reared at three temperatures (11, 16 and 20°C), and five physiological metrics were measured (routine and maximum metabolic rate, aerobic scope, growth rate and critical thermal maximum). We then tested associations between these physiological metrics and 15 environmental characteristics (e.g. rearing temperature, latitude, migration distance, etc.). Statistical associations between the five physiological metrics and 15 environmental characteristics supported our hypotheses of local adaptation. Notably, latitude was a poor predictor of population physiology. Instead, our results demonstrate that populations from warmer habitats exhibit higher thermal tolerance (i.e. critical thermal maxima), faster growth when warm acclimated and greater aerobic capacity at high temperatures. Additionally, populations with longer migrations exhibit higher metabolic capacity. However, overall metabolic capacity declined with warm acclimation, indicating that future climate change may reduce metabolic capacity, negatively affecting long-migrating populations. Linking physiological traits to environmental characteristics enables flexible, population-specific management of disparate populations in response to local conditions.
Integrated global analysis in spider flowers illuminates features underlying the evolution and maintenance of C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Jun , Sun Xingchao , Zheng Qiwei , Liu Jing , Hua Wei , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The carbon concentrating mechanism—C4 photosynthesis—represents a classic example of convergent evolution, but how this important trait originated and evolved remains largely enigmatic. The spider flower Gynandropsis gynandra is a valuable leafy vegetable crop and medicinal plant that has also been recognized as a C4 model species. Here we present a high-quality chromosome-scale annotated genome assembly of G. gynandra through a combination of Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), HiFi and Hi-C technology. The 17 super-scaffolds cover 98.66% of the estimated genome (997.61 Mb), with a contig N50 of 11.43 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 51.02 Mb. Repetitive elements occupy up to 71.91% of its genome, and over half are long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) derived from recent bursts, contributing to genome size expansion. Strikingly, LTR-RT explosion also played a critical role in C4 evolution by altering expression features of photosynthesis-associated genes via preferential insertion in promoters. Integrated multiomics analyses of G. gynandra and the ornamental horticulture C3 relative Tarenaya hassleriana reveal that species-specific whole-genome duplication, gene family expansion, recent LTR–RT amplification, and more recent tandem duplication events have all facilitated the evolution of C4 photosynthesis, revealing uniqueness of C4 evolution in the Cleome genus. Moreover, high leaf vein density and heat stress resilience are associated with shifted gene expression patterns. The mode of C3-to-C4 transition found here yields new insights into evolutionary convergence of a complex plant trait. The availability of this reference-grade genomic resource makes G. gynandra an ideal model system facilitating efforts toward C4-aimed crop engineering.
Methods and Measures for Investigating Microscale Motility
Authors: Bondoc-Naumovitz Karen Grace , Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer Hannah , Poon Rebecca N , Boggon Alexander K , Bentley Samuel A , Cortese Dario , Wan Kirsty Y 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Motility is an essential factor for an organism’s survival and diversification. With the advent of novel single-cell technologies, analytical frameworks, and theoretical methods, we can begin to probe the complex lives of microscopic motile organisms and answer the intertwining biological and physical questions of how these diverse lifeforms navigate their surroundings. Herein, we summarize the main mechanisms of microscale motility and give an overview of different experimental, analytical, and mathematical methods used to study them across different scales encompassing the molecular-, individual-, to population-level. We identify transferable techniques, pressing challenges, and future directions in the field. This review can serve as a starting point for researchers who are interested in exploring and quantifying the movements of organisms in the microscale world.
Postrelease assessment of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) establishment and persistence in Michigan and the Northeastern United States
Authors: Quinn Nicole F , Petrice Toby R , Schmude Jonathan M , Poland Therese M , Bauer Leah S , Rutlege Claire E , Van Driesche Roy G , Elkinton Joseph S , Duan Jian J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive woodboring pest of ash trees (Fraxinus sp.) in North America. Among the Asiatic parasitoids being released for the management of EAB in North America, Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the only EAB egg parasitoid. To date, more than 2.5 million O. agrili have been released in North America; however, few studies have examined its success as a biological control agent of EAB. We conducted studies to assess O. agrili establishment, persistence, spread, and EAB egg parasitism rates in Michigan at the earliest release sites (2007–2010), as well as at more recent release sites (2015–2016) in 3 Northeastern United States (Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York). In both regions, we documented successful O. agrili establishment at all but one release site. In Michigan, O. agrili has persisted at release sites for over a decade and spread to all control sites located 0.6–3.8 km from release sites. Overall, EAB egg parasitism ranged from 1.5% to 51.2% (mean of 21.4%) during 2016–2020 in Michigan and from 2.6% to 29.2% (mean of 16.1%) during 2018–2020 in the Northeastern states. Future research efforts should focus on factors affecting the spatiotemporal variation in EAB egg parasitism rates by O. agrili, as well as its potential range in North America.
Induction of resistance, enzyme activity, and phytochemicals in canola plants treated with abscisic acid elevated based on nutrient availability: a case study on Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Dehghan Azita , Rounagh-Ardakani Hamed , Mohammadzadeh Ali , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad , Mohammadzadeh Mozhgan , Borzoui Ehsan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the important pests of cruciferous plants throughout the world including Iran. In the present study, we grew cultivated canola plants under different fertilizers or distilled water and sprayed them with 100 µM abscisic acid (ABA) or a control solution (NaOH dissolved in water) to study (i) the antibiosis parameters of B. brassicae on these plants; (ii) the antixenosis of B. brassicae adults on these plants; (iii) the plant’s peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity; and (iv) the plant’s total phenolic and glucosinolate content. The results of antibiosis experiments showed that ABA and fertilizers have a profound and negative effect on the performance of B. brassicae. In the antixenosis experiment, control plants attracted a significantly higher number of adult females in comparison to treated plants. Also, B. brassicae had lower performance and preference when they were reared on the ABA-treated fertilized plants with higher levels of phenolic and glucosinolate content. These results prompted us to hypothesize that fertilizers enable canola plants to trigger a higher level of secondary metabolites. Our findings reveal that the type and level of nutrient availability may have different impacts on how the plant regulates its defense mechanisms.
The Book of the Dead in the Third Intermediate Period
Authors: Lenzo Giuseppina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay presents the different kinds of Books of the Dead in use during the Third Intermediate Period. Most of the Books of the Dead are from the Theban area, belonging to the clergy of Karnak, and are on papyri, but some spells were also engraved in the tombs of Lower Egypt, such as in Tanis. At the beginning of the Twenty-first Dynasty, Book of the Dead papyri in hieroglyphs generally follow the Ramesside tradition, only they are a little bit shorter and show some innovations. At the same time, other kinds of papyri appear in both hieroglyphs and hieratic, with many innovations. While hieratic became the most frequently used writing on papyri after the pontificate of Pinedjem II, hieroglyphs for the Book of the Dead do not seem to have been used after the Twenty-first Dynasty.
The “Dark Matter” of Stratification Research
Authors: Jackson Michelle , Moullin Sophie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For many decades, it has been clear that noncognitive characteristics play an important role in processes of stratification and mobility, yet it has only been recently that the study of noncognitive characteristics has coalesced into a distinctive subfield of stratification research. Many social scientists are unfamiliar with standard measures of noncognitive characteristics and thus have not considered how basic models of the stratification and mobility process might be adapted to take account of noncognitive characteristics. This chapter provides stratification researchers with a clear introduction to noncognitive characteristics, covering measurement, theory, and the existing empirical consensus with respect to educational and occupational attainment, earnings, and mobility. It discusses outstanding theoretical and empirical challenges within the field and calls for a renewed focus on theory development in future studies of noncognitive characteristics and socioeconomic attainment.
Modelling Drift and Selection in Cultural Evolution
Authors: Bentley R. Alexander , Carrignon Simon , Ruck Damian J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A discussion of drift versus selection in cultural evolution lies in the context of a deep investigation on the nature of cultural evolution, which can be found in the rest of this volume. Ultimately, this chapter expresses these concepts as a two-dimensional space that parameterizes a unified model of human decision-making. One dimension of this space highlights individual versus social learning, the other captures selection versus drift. At the centre of this framework sits the neutral model of cultural drift, which it is suggested here is a good null model to use for identifying cultural selection, especially in contemporary cultural contexts such as social media and whatever lies beyond. The key to any analysis using drift as a null model is to identify metrics that can be compared between models and the data, increasingly by using highly computational methods of inference to estimate the best parameter combination in replicating those metrics.
The Role of Ritual in the Evolution of Social Complexity
Authors: Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cultural rituals—from simple forms of greeting, leave-taking, and dining etiquette to much more elaborate ceremonies memorializing the past, appealing to supernatural beings and forces, or marking key life transitions such as weddings and funerals—have been documented in all human societies. Certain aspects of ritual are also early developing and species specific, prompting the question whether such behaviour constitutes an evolved adaptation. Moreover, rituals appear to have contributed to the rise and spread of more complex and larger-scale social formations. This chapter considers the role of ritual in the evolution of social complexity through the lens of cultural group selection theory. Seven mechanisms underlying cultural inheritance systems are considered: high-fidelity copying; conformism bias; identity markers; coordination payoffs; policing; one-to-many transmission; institutional complexity. Drawing on theories and evidence from social anthropology, history, experimental psychology, and cross-cultural surveys, it is argued that rituals have contributed to the operation of all seven mechanism in the evolution of social complexity.
Language Phylogenies
Authors: Greenhill Simon J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen Bayesian phylogenetic methods from evolutionary biology applied to questions about language evolution in two major contexts. First, language phylogenies are now routinely used to make inferences and test hypotheses about human prehistory. Second, language phylogenies provide a solid backbone to test hypotheses about how aspects of language and culture have evolved in three key ways: by revealing the evolutionary dynamics, by modelling the trait history, and testing coevolutionary hypotheses. This chapter surveys this literature, presents some case studies that highlight how these tools have been and continue to be useful, and discusses some shortcomings and open problems.
Arabidopsis PLANT U-BOX44 down-regulates osmotic stress signaling by mediating Ca2+-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE4 degradation
Authors: Fan Wei , Liao Xiliang , Tan Yanqiu , Wang Xiruo , Schroeder Julian I , Li Zixing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcium (Ca2+)-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are essential regulators of plant responses to diverse environmental stressors, including osmotic stress. CPKs are activated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels triggered by osmotic stress. However, how the levels of active CPK protein are dynamically and precisely regulated has yet to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that NaCl/mannitol-induced osmotic stress promoted the accumulation of CPK4 protein by disrupting its 26S proteasome-mediated CPK4 degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We isolated PLANT U-BOX44 (PUB44), a U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates CPK4 and triggers its degradation. A calcium-free or kinase-inactive CPK4 variant was preferentially degraded compared to the Ca2+-bound active form of CPK4. Furthermore, PUB44 exhibited a CPK4-dependent negative role in the response of plants to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress induced the accumulation of CPK4 protein by inhibiting PUB44-mediated CPK4 degradation. The present findings reveal a mechanism for regulating CPK protein levels and establish the relevance of PUB44-dependent CPK4 regulation in modulating plant osmotic stress responses, providing insights into osmotic stress signal transduction mechanisms.
Default egocentrism: an MVPA approach to overlap in own and others’ socio-political attitudes
Authors: Welborn B Locke , Dieffenbach Macrina C , Lieberman Matthew D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the socio-political attitudes of other people is a crucial skill, yet the neural mechanisms supporting this capacity remain understudied. This study used multivariate pattern analysis to examine patterns of activity in the default mode network (DMN) while participants assessed their own attitudes and the attitudes of other people. Classification analyses indicated that common patterns in DMN regions encode both own and others’ support across a variety of contemporary socio-political issues. Moreover, cross-classification analyses demonstrated that a common coding of attitudes is implemented at a neural level. This shared informational content was associated with a greater perceived overlap between own attitude positions and those of others (i.e. attitudinal projection), such that higher cross-classification accuracy corresponded with greater attitudinal projection. This study thus identifies a possible neural basis for egocentric biases in the social perception of individual and group attitudes and provides additional evidence for self/other overlap in mentalizing.
Necessary Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Injuries: Lessons Learned That Translate Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Delmore Barbara , Deppisch Michelle , Cox Jill , Newton David , Gillespie Carroll , Todd Jackie , Sonenblum Sharon Eve 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To identify the challenges encountered in obtaining the required support surfaces and products to meet pressure injury (PrI) prevention and treatment needs during COVID-19.

METHODS
The authors used SurveyMonkey to gather data on healthcare perceptions and the challenges experienced regarding specific product categories deemed necessary for PrI prevention and treatment in US acute care settings during the pandemic. They created three anonymous surveys for the target populations of supply chain personnel and healthcare workers. The surveys addressed healthcare workers’ perceptions, product requests, and the ability to fulfill product requests and meet facility protocols without substitution in the categories of support surfaces and skin and wound care supplies.

RESULTS
Respondents answered one of the three surveys for a total sample of 174 respondents. Despite specific instructions, nurses responded to the surveys designed for supply chain personnel. Their responses and comments were interesting and capture their perspectives and insights. Three themes emerged from the responses and general comments: (1) expectations differed between supply chain staff and nurses for what was required for PrI prevention and treatment; (2) inappropriate substitution with or without proper staff education occurred; and (3) preparedness.

CONCLUSIONS
It is important to identify experiences and challenges in the acquisition and availability of appropriate equipment and products for PrI prevention and treatment. To foster ideal PrI prevention and treatment outcomes, a proactive approach is required to face daily issues or the next crisis.
Challenges in treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Twilt Marinka , Stoustrup Peter , Rumsey Dax 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) diagnosis and classification is currently still based on clinical presentation and general laboratory tests. Some joints such as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and sacroiliac (SI) are hard to assess and define as actively inflamed based on clinical examination. This review addresses these difficult to assess joints and provides the latest evidence for diagnosis and treatment.

Recent findings
Recommendations on clinical examination and radiological examination are available. Recent 2021 ACR recommendations were made for TMJ arthritis and in 2019 for sacroiliitis.

Summary
New evidence to guide clinical suspicion and need for further investigations are available for these hard to assess joints. These guidelines will help healthcare providers in diagnosis and treatment assessment.
Short-term outcomes of an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway for children with congenital scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion: a case–control study of 70 patients
Authors: Zhang Hanwen , Liu Haonan , Zhang Xuejun , Zhao Mengqi , Guo Dong , Bai Yunsong , Qi Xinyu , Shi Haixia , Li Duoyi 
Published: June 2023

Increasing evidence demonstrates the advantages of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol; however, few studies have evaluated ERAS in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ERAS in pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis. Seventy pediatric patients with congenital scoliosis underwent posterior hemivertebra resection and fusion with pedicle screws and were prospectively randomly assigned to the ERAS group (n = 35) and control group (n = 35). ERAS management comprised 15 elements including a shortened fasting time, optimized anesthesia protocol, and multimodal analgesia. The control group received traditional perioperative management. Clinical outcome was evaluated by hospital stay, surgery-related indicators, diet, pain scores, laboratory tests, and complications. The surgical outcome showed a similar correction rate in the ERAS group (84.0%) and control group (89.0%; P = 0.471). The mean fasting time was significantly shorter in the ERAS group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, the ERAS group had significantly shorter mean times to postoperative hospital stay, first anal exhaust and defecation, significantly lower mean pain scores in the first 2 days postoperatively (P < 0.05), and a significantly lower mean interleukin-6 concentration on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.001). The incidence of complications was similar in the ERAS group and control group (P > 0.05). The ERAS protocol is effective and safe for pediatric patients with congenital spinal deformity and may significantly improve the treatment efficacy compared with traditional perioperative management methods.
Levels of Evidence: III.
Mastery and Stress in Patients with Advanced or Recurrent Colorectal Cancer During Treatment: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aoki Miwa , Yamamoto Sena , Tatsumi Yukiko , Hatakeyama Akiko , Minamiguchi Yoko , Toki Masayo , Takao Ayumi , Fujikawa Naomi , Asano Kouta , Arao Harue 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Mastery is a human response of gaining competence in dealing with stress and can be applied to understanding the psychological state of patients with advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective:
To identify mastery in patients with advanced or recurrent CRC undergoing chemotherapy and examine associations between mastery and the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and support from clinical staff.

Methods:
A self-administered survey was conducted among patients with advanced or recurrent CRC receiving outpatient chemotherapy. Participants completed the Mastery of Stress Instrument, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, support from clinical staff, and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results:
Of 76 participants, 77.6% had a stress score of ≥58 points, indicating a stress status. They achieved, in descending order, acceptance, certainty, change, and growth among mastery processes. Social support was significantly associated with mastery and all its components, and support from clinical staff was significantly associated with mastery and certainty.

Conclusions:
Most participants reported a high level of stress, indicating that they need support to deal with stress from a mastery perspective.

Implications for Practice:
Nurses should assess the stress levels of patients with advanced or recurrent CRC and provide care based on mastery to help patients come to terms with cancer-related stress. Providing emotional and social support is necessary to promote positive change and growth.

Foundational:
This study framed the need for nursing care for stressed patients in terms of their mastery of advanced or recurrent CRC-specific stress. Social support and clinical staff support are essential for achieving such mastery.