bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the enablers of work-family balance among working single mothers integrating expert-mining and TISM-MICMAC
Authors: Kushwaha Jyoti , Singh Pankaj , Sharma Aparna 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study intends to recognize and prioritize the work-family balance (WFB) enablers for working sole mothers by employing total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) and “Matrice-d’impacts-croisés-multiplication-appliqués-à-un-classment” method (MICMAC).Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes the integrated approach in two stages. In initial stage, strategic literature review and expert mining technique have been conducted to recognize and validate WFB enablers. In subsequent stage, TISM has been applied to observe the contextual relationships among WFB enablers in the direction to construct a TISM-based structural model. Furthermore, MICMAC technique has been employed to categorize the WFB enablers based on their driver and dependence power.FindingsThis paper has identified novel 13 key enablers of WFB among working sole mothers and constructed a unique TISM-based hierarchical model. Moreover, WFB enablers have been categorized into four clusters using MICMAC analysis. In the developed TISM model, working sole mother-related WFB personal enablers are primarily at the upper level, family-related WFB enablers are in the center and work-related WFB enablers are in the lowest level.Practical implicationsThe developed framework on WFB enablers among working sole mothers can provide a resolution to difficulties faced by sole mothers in managing WFB by providing a pathway to enhance their performance by improving the organizational effectiveness through improving WFB policies.Originality/valueBased on the best of authors' awareness, this study first incorporates the TISM-MICMAC technique to recognize and prioritize the WFB enablers for working sole mothers.
Modeling and measuring strategic alignment
Authors: Reed Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis paper presents an analytical framework for modeling and measuring strategic alignment. The resource-product-market (RPM) model is introduced as a means of representing the alignment of the firm's internal resources with its product lines and external markets. A strategic alignment index is defined to measure the degree of alignment represented by a model.Design/methodology/approachThe RPM model is derived as an extension of prior research on diversification indexes. The strategic alignment index is mathematically defined and the properties of the model are characterized using graph theory. The approach is illustrated for two example firms.FindingsThe RPM model is flexible and can be used with different types and measures of resources, products and markets. The model represents strategy in a structural manner addressing a vertical type of alignment. The index ranges continuously from 0 to 1.0, providing a useful scale for measurement and comparison.Practical implicationsPractitioners may use RPM modeling to assess the current alignment of their respective firms and to identify strategic alternatives which increase alignment through a taxonomy of 13 strategic moves. The results of applying the model to ten firms are summarized.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing a new method for modeling firm strategy which integrates resource and industry views, thereby enabling a measurement of their alignment. The paper is also novel in the application of graph theory to management.
Pre‐service teachers' attitudes and the factors influencing their formation regarding inclusive education in Kosovo
Authors: Koliqi Donika , Koliqi Kushtrim , Zabeli Naser 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates pre‐service teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education in Kosovo and identifies the factors that influence and predict those attitudes. The data were collected using a quantitative method. The study involved 210 pre‐service teachers. Data were analysed descriptively through comparative means, correlate analysis, and regression analysis. The results of the study found that the pre‐service teachers had relatively positive attitudes towards inclusive education. The study indicates only one significant difference between attitudes and demographic factors: pre‐service teachers who had attended only one course in inclusive education had more positive attitudes than those who had attended two or more. The Pearson's correlation results found no positive correlation between pre‐service teachers' attitudes towards inclusion and self‐efficacy. The predictors of pre‐service teachers' attitudes are courses for inclusive education, teaching placements during training and self‐efficacy. The findings recommend that teacher training programmes should provide objective information about the complexities of inclusion, as well as provide practices that enable pre‐service teachers to develop pedagogical skills and increase self‐efficacy in implementing inclusive education.
The same everywhere? Exploring structural homologies of national social fields using the case of journalism
Authors: Hovden Jan Fredrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPierre Bourdieu argued for the existence of general properties and even laws of social fields. In contrast to spaces of class relations and patterns of cultural lifestyles, however, almost no systematic comparative research exists on the homologies of national social fields of a more specialised nature. Also, the large majority of research is done on Western countries, raising concerns about the relevance of the concept for less differentiated societies. Using the field of journalism as a case, typical structures of 67 national fields (n = 27,567) are in this article investigated using a reverse approach: First, the subjective spaces of journalists' experienced constraints and imperatives in their jobs are sketched as a proxy for field structure using variants of multiple correspondence analysis, and second, the distribution of the social and professional properties of journalists are used to suggest capital structures. The results suggest great stability in the fundamental organising principles of fields of journalism around the world, although with considerable variation in their autonomy.
Region‐based epigenetic clock design improves RRBS‐based age prediction
Authors: Simpson Daniel J. , Zhao Qian , Olova Nelly N. , Dabrowski Jan , Xie Xiaoxiao , Latorre‐Crespo Eric , Chandra Tamir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent studies suggest that epigenetic rejuvenation can be achieved using drugs that mimic calorie restriction and techniques such as reprogramming‐induced rejuvenation. To effectively test rejuvenation in vivo, mouse models are the safest alternative. However, we have found that the recent epigenetic clocks developed for mouse reduced‐representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) data have significantly poor performance when applied to external datasets. We show that the sites captured and the coverage of key CpGs required for age prediction vary greatly between datasets, which likely contributes to the lack of transferability in RRBS clocks. To mitigate these coverage issues in RRBS‐based age prediction, we present two novel design strategies that use average methylation over large regions rather than individual CpGs, whereby regions are defined by sliding windows (e.g. 5 kb), or density‐based clustering of CpGs. We observe improved correlation and error in our regional blood clocks (RegBCs) compared to published individual‐CpG‐based techniques when applied to external datasets. The RegBCs are also more robust when applied to low coverage data and detect a negative age acceleration in mice undergoing calorie restriction. Our RegBCs offer a proof of principle that age prediction of RRBS datasets can be improved by accounting for multiple CpGs over a region, which negates the lack of read depth currently hindering individual‐CpG‐based approaches.
In‐vivo testing of a novel wireless intraspinal microstimulation interface for restoration of motor function following spinal cord injury
Authors: Tawakol Omar , Herman Martin D. , Foxley Sean , Mushahwar Vivian K. , Towle Vernon L. , Troyk Philip R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord injury causes a drastic loss in motor and sensory function. Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is an electrical stimulation method developed for restoring motor function by activating the spinal networks below the level of injury. Current ISMS technology uses fine penetrating microwires to stimulate the ventral horn of the lumbar enlargement. The penetrating wires traverse the dura mater through a transdural conduit that connects to an implantable pulse generator.ObjectiveA wireless, fully intradural ISMS implant was developed to mitigate the potential complications associated with the transdural conduit, including tethering and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid.MethodsTwo wireless floating microelectrode array (WFMA) devices were implanted in the lumbar enlargement of an adult domestic pig. Voltage transients were used to assess the electrochemical stability of the interface. Manual flexion and extension movements of the spine were performed to evaluate the mechanical stability of the interface. Post‐mortem 9T MRI imaging was used to confirm the location of the electrodes.ResultsThe WFMA‐based ISMS interface successfully evoked extension and flexion movements of the hip joint. Stimulation thresholds remained stable following manual extension and flexion of the spine.ConclusionThe preliminary results demonstrate the surgical feasibility as well as the functionality of the proposed wireless ISMS system.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic exploration of various combinations of tegoprazan immediate and delayed‐release formulations
Authors: Park Sooyoun , Yang Eunsol , Kim Byungwook , Kwon Jihoon , Jang In‐Jin , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: May 2023

AimsThe new modified‐release formulation of tegoprazan, a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker, is expected to improve the management of acid‐related disease, including nocturnal acid breakthrough, by prolonging the duration of acid suppression. This study aimed to explore the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of various combinations of tegoprazan with immediate‐release (IR) and delayed‐release (DR) formulations.MethodsA three‐cohort, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, three‐treatment, six‐sequence, three‐period crossover study was conducted. Various combinations of tegoprazan IR and DR formulations (50, 75 or 100 mg) were administered orally once per period. The 24‐h intragastric pH was monitored before and after each administration. PK blood samples were collected for up to 48 h. PK and PD were compared among treatments.ResultsEighteen healthy Korean subjects completed the study. All treatment groups showed intragastric pH above 4 approximately 1 h following tegoprazan administration. Among the various combinations, the IR and DR combination at a 1:1 ratio induced greater gastric acid suppression (%Time pH ≥ 4) than IR alone in each dose group, both for 24 h (50 mg; 59% vs. 52%, P = .2188, 95% confidence interval [CI] −6.92–22.27, 100 mg; 85% vs. 70%, P < .05, 95% CI 8.92–22.19) and at night (50 mg; 27% vs. 16%, P = .1563, 95% CI −11.79–37.71, 100 mg; 77% vs. 49%, P < .05, 95% CI 16.14–42.98), with similar systemic exposure.ConclusionsThe combinatorial tegoprazan in the IR and DR 1:1 ratio formulation was found to induce stronger gastric acid suppression throughout the day and at night, compared to the conventional IR formulation.
Non‐fasting lipids and cardiovascular disease in those with and without diabetes in Alberta's Tomorrow Project: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Weaver Olivia R. , Ye Ming , Vena Jennifer E. , Eurich Dean T. , Proctor Spencer D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsNon‐fasting remnant cholesterol (RC) is a novel marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, however, data on this relationship in Canadians with diabetes (at high risk of CVD) is lacking. The objective of this analysis was to determine the relationship of RC with CVD in individuals with and without diabetes in the Alberta's Tomorrow Project (ATP) cohort.MethodsNon‐fasting lipid data collected as part of the ATP was linked to administrative health records (October 2000–March 2015) to ascertain incident CVD and prevalent diabetes. Participants without prevalent CVD or incident diabetes and who had complete, non‐negative non‐fasting lipid data collected with triglycerides <4.5 mmol/L were included (n = 13,631). The relationship between non‐fasting RC and incident CVD diagnoses was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression, after stratification by diabetes status.ResultsParticipants were 69.8% women with a mean age of 61.6 ± 9.7 years, and 6.5% had prevalent diabetes. Non‐fasting RC was higher in participants with diabetes compared to those without (mean 0.94 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs. 0.77 ± 0.38 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) and was associated with increased risk of incident CVD among those without diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.43, p = 0.02). Although a similar trend was observed in participants with diabetes it did not reach statistical significance (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 0.84–2.05, p = 0.23).ConclusionsElevated non‐fasting RC predicted increased CVD risk in middle and older‐aged adults without diabetes; similar trends were observed in participants with diabetes and require further testing in a larger sample.
Missing girls in Liberal Italy, 1861–1921
Authors: Beltrán Tapia Francisco J. , Cappelli Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBy relying on the number of (surviving) boys per hundred girls observed in the population censuses as a cumulative measure of differential mortality during birth, infancy, and childhood, this paper shows that average Italian child sex ratios (aged 0–4) were abnormally high between 1861 and 1921. Our estimations indicate that unexplained excess female mortality resulted in around 2–3 per cent of ‘missing girls’ during this period. Likewise, by constructing a new dataset on child sex ratios at the provincial level during the same period, this article shows that child sex ratios tended to be higher in Southern Italy, a geographical cleavage that became stronger as time went by. Crucially, the results reported here cannot be explained by registration issues because (1) the analysis holds if we focus on the sex ratios of older children (aged 5–9) and (2) these patterns are also clearly visible using death registers. Unexplained excess female mortality early in life disappeared from the 1920s onwards, thus suggesting that either discriminatory practices gradually vanished and/or that they no longer translated into higher mortality rates due to enhanced living standards.
High aspect ratio sapphire micromachining by ultraviolet laser‐induced plasma‐assisted ablation (LIPAA)
Authors: Cole Douglas F. , Zednik Ricardo J. , Hof Lucas A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ultraviolet laser‐induced plasma‐assisted ablation performed in this article can attain deep and high‐quality engravings in sapphire without necessitating volatile solutions or expensive equipment such as high‐power ultrashort‐pulsed lasers. The dominant mechanism of ablation is discovered to be from the direct ablation of excited sapphire surfaces and not from the plasma generated from the target material. Only an initial deposition from the target is needed to initiate the direct ablation. Note that 20‐µm wide, 30‐µm deep channel and hole features with a surface roughness (Sa) of .65 µm are achieved at an etching rate of .3 µm per pulse without the need for extensive cleaning. Engravings can reach up to 150‐µm depths at a maximum tapering angle of 5° until the shrinking absorbent surface vanishes, and 500‐µm wide 430‐µm deep topside through‐cutting is achieved. This study characterizes the morphology of direct laser ablation of transient absorbent sapphire surfaces. This method demonstrates the potential for the low‐cost rapid engraving of high aspect ratio features in transparent sapphire substrates.
Effects of proteins and fats on the physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of plant‐based frozen desserts
Authors: Ng Felicia Siew Kay , Chiang Jie Hong , Ng Grace Cui Fang , Lee Cheryl Si Hui , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of plant‐based proteins (i.e. chickpea protein concentrate [CP] and soymilk powder [SM]) and fats (i.e. sunflower oil [SO] and coconut oil [CO]) in substituting dairy ingredients to develop plant‐based frozen desserts. The physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of the frozen desserts were evaluated. As compared to the dairy‐based frozen dessert, the plant‐based ones had comparable nutritional profiles with higher dietary fibre contents, which increased viscosities in the mix, resulting in improved meltdown properties. The frozen desserts containing both CP and SM, regardless of the types of fat (3CP3SM‐SO and 3CP3SM‐CO), received higher sensory scores for texture, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptance. These findings suggest that plant‐based ingredients have the potential to create functional frozen desserts that are high in protein and energy, making them an ideal food supplement for the elderly who are at risk of malnutrition. due to chewing challenges and declining appetites.
Factorial structure of the German Care Dependency Scale for self‐assessment among older adults in supported housing
Authors: Boggatz Thomas , Dijkstra Ate 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the factorial structure of the German Care Dependency Scale (CDS) for self‐assessment in supported housing in Austria.BackgroundThe CDS is a well‐established tool for the assessment of care dependency. However, several versions of the scale showed different factorial structures depending on the country and the setting where they were applied. The factorial structure of the CDS, therefore, needed clarification prior to its application in supported housing.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsSelf‐assessments of care dependency were obtained from residents in supported housing in Austria. The factorial structure of the scale was determined by exploratory factor analysis. The resulting factor models were compared by confirmatory factor analyses with a single factor model regarding the best fit. CDS total score and sum scores of the identified factors were correlated with externally assessed care levels according to the Austrian care insurance.Results48.2% of the residents in supported housing participated, but some of them were younger than 60. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three‐factor model with two variants in the distribution of items, depending on whether people over 59 were included in the analysis or not. The second variant showed the best fit in confirmatory factor analysis. CDS total score and sum scores of the identified factors showed statistically significant correlations with externally assessed care levels.ConclusionThe three‐factorial structure differentiates between various aspects of support and results from the particular characteristics of the setting and the care recipients. Several cross‐loadings of items indicate an ambiguous understanding of support needs. It is suggested to modify the scale to adapt it to the target group and setting.Implications for the ProfessionSelf‐assessments with a modified version of CDS in supported housing can be useful to identify the various support needs in this setting.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
External influencing factors on missed care in Austrian hospitals: Testing the theoretical antecedents of missed care using structural equation modelling
Authors: Cartaxo Ana , Dabney Beverly W. , Mayer Hanna , Eberl Inge , Gonçalves Luzia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProblemMissed Nursing Care (MNC) is an error of omission which occurs when a necessary nursing intervention is not initiated, is not completed, or when it is delayed. The MNC model explains this problem and describes four antecedents that can lead to MNC: (1) demand for patient care, (2) available human resources, (3) material resources, and (4) and relationship and communication factors.AimsThis study aims to test the relationship between the theoretical antecedents of MNC and their impact on MNC.DesignA quantitative cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe Austrian version of the revised MISSCARE Survey was completed by nurses working in general hospital units between May and July 2021. Recruitment followed a respondent‐driven sample via Austrian nursing education institutions and social media. One thousand six nurses fulfilled inclusion criteria. The structure of the theoretical constructs of the MNC model was tested using a confirmatory factor analysis approach. The relationships between the four antecedents and MNC were explored using structural equation modelling with 427 complete cases.ResultsThe results support the structural validity of the revised MISSCARE Austria concerning the defined theoretical constructs, although discriminant validity and measurement error should be further investigated. The antecedent “resource allocation: labor” had a statistically significant impact on MNC: The lack of adequate nursing staff played the most important role to explain missed care in our model.ConclusionIn our study in Austria, MNC was mostly influenced by a lack of appropriate labor resources. Further studies exploring mediation effects and non‐linear relationships may contribute to better understanding of reasons for MNC.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The role and mechanisms of rstA in the intracellular survival of fish pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Chen Liwei , Yan Qingpi , Zhao Lingmin , Huang Lixing , Zhang Dongling , Qin Yingxue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, RNAi technology was used to silence the gene rstA in Aeromonas hydrophila. The strain rstA‐RNAi displayed significant decrease in intracellular survival compared with that of the wild‐type strain B11. Transcriptome analysis explored that the expression of some important anti‐stress protein genes was significantly upregulated in rstA‐RNAi compared with the wild‐type strain, while the expression of the genes related to iron acquisition and type VI secretion system was significantly downregulated. Further study found that under low pH and H2O2 stress, the anti‐stress protein genes were expressed at a low level in rstA‐RNAi, the growth ability of rstA‐RNAi was also significantly lower than that of wild‐type strain. The results also displayed that with the fluctuation of iron concentration, the expression of some genes related to iron acquisition remained at a low level in rstA‐RNAi, and the growth ability of rstA‐RNAi was lower than that of the wild‐type strain under the same culture conditions, indicating rstA can regulate iron acquisition and further affect the bacteria growth. The adhesion ability of rstA‐RNAi to fish macrophages was reduced, suggesting rstA may be also affect the formation of type VI secretion system of A. hydrophila.