bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Thermal Performance Research of Airfoil Alkali Metal High-Temperature Heat Pipe
Authors: Wang Changji , Li Jinwang , Xu Bowen , Wei Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An integrated airfoil alkali metal high-temperature heat pipe structure is proposed for the air rudder. The heat transfer properties of lithium and sodium are analyzed, and the equal-thickness test pieces are designed and prepared. The sonic limit, condensation limit, viscosity limit, entrainment limit, capillary limit and boiling limit are calculated theoretically, and the corresponding feasible working areas are drawn according to each limit curve. It is found that the optimal working temperature range of the test piece is 800∼1500 K. The effects of heating power and placement angle on the start-up time, isothermal performance, and heat transfer performance of the test piece are studied by experiments. The increase in heating power is helpful to shorten the start-up time and improve the isothermal performance and heat transfer performance of the test piece. The placement angle has little effect on the start-up time, but it has an effect on the isothermal performance and heat transfer performance.
Impact of Operating Conditions and Axial Casing Grooves on the Evolution of Flow Structure Across Blade Rows in an Axial Compressor
Authors: Saraswat Ayush , Koley Subhra Shankha , Katz Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) measurements in a series of axial planes investigate the impact of operating conditions and semicircular axial casing grooves (ACGs) on the evolution of flow structure across multiple blade rows in an axial compressor. The field of view extends radially from the hub to the tip and circumferentially over entire blade passages. Previous studies in this machine have shown that the ACGs improve the stall margin significantly but reduce the peak efficiency. At pre-stall flowrate and without ACGs, intermittent reverse axial flow near the casing is induced by backflow vortices, tip leakage vortex (TLV), and the leakage flow extend upstream of the rotor leading edge. Inside the rotor, the tip region blockage, characterized by low axial and high circumferential momentum, expands radially inward as the flow evolves axially. This extreme non-uniformity diminishes rapidly within the stator. In addition to previously shown ACGs effects, the current data reveal that the flow jetting out from the groove upstream of the rotor generates axially aligned vortices on both sides of each jet. These vortices substantially reduce the flow non-uniformity over the entire passage by entraining the faster mid-span flow into the tip region. Near the best efficiency point, the jets become weaker, the blockage is confined to the tip region, and differences between the global flow structure with and without ACGs become subtle. However, interactions of the TLV with secondary flows entrained from the grooves into the passage expand the TLV signature, which has adverse effects on the compressor performance.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of an Advanced Casing Treatment in a Single-Stage High-Speed Compressor
Authors: Maher Nicholas H. , Ross Mark H. , Morris Scott C. , Priebe Stephan , Jothiprasad Giridhar , Allan David , McNulty Gregory , Macrorie Michael , Mallina Ramakrishna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An advanced casing treatment (CT) design was tested in a single-stage, high-speed axial compressor. The geometry of the casing included bent-axial slots applied near the rotor leading edge. Compressor performance and stall margin (SM) measurements were acquired for both casing treatment and for the smooth wall case at four different corrected speeds. The measurements also included rotor-exit radial traverses of unsteady total pressure. The results indicated an increase in rotor pressure ratio at all operating conditions with the application of the casing treatment. The stall margin also increased at all rotor speeds. Efficiency increases were observed with the casing treatment at design conditions and some off-design conditions. Numerical simulations of the IGV, rotor, and stator were conducted with and without the casing treatment. These results served to validate the efficacy of the part-wheel unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations to predict the effects of the casing treatment. The simulations also allowed a detailed study of the flow physics related to the interactions between the rotor and casing.
Nonlinear Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals
Authors: Corral Roque , Greco Michele , Matabuena Luis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A simple nonlinear model to describe labyrinth seal flutter has been developed to assess the aeromechanic stability of straight-through labyrinth seals subjected to large gap variations. The model solves the one-dimensional integral mass, momentum, and energy equations of the seal for a prescribed motion numerically until a periodic state is reached. The model accounts for the effect, previously neglected, of high clearance variations on the stability. The results show that when the vibration amplitudes are small, the work-per-cycle coincides with the prediction of the Corral and Vega model (2018, “Conceptual Flutter Analysis of Labyrinth Seals Using Analytical Models. Part I: Theoretical Background,” ASME J. Turbomach., 140(10), p. 121006) and Corral et al. (2021, “Higher-Order Conceptual Model for Seal Flutter,” ASME J. Turbomach., 143(7), p. 071006), but for large vibration amplitudes nonlinearities alter the stability limit. In realistic cases, when the discharge time of the seal is much longer than the vibration period, the nonlinear effects are significant and tend to increase the unstable range of operating conditions. Furthermore, seals supported either on the high-pressure or low-pressure sides, stable for small vibration amplitudes, can destabilize when the vibration amplitude increases. The linear stability, though close in many situations to the nonlinear threshold, is not conservative, and attention must be paid to nonlinear effects.
Development of a New Manufacturing Route by Direct Laser Metal Deposition With NiCrSiFeB Alloys to Replace Cobalt in Aeronautical Components
Authors: Pereira Juan Carlos , Zubiri Fidel , Aguilar David , Taboada Maria Del Carmen , Guillonneau Gaylord , Rocchi Jerome 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nickel-based NiCrSiFeB alloy (Ni-Cr-Si-B self-fluxing family) are excellent candidates for replacing Cobalt-based alloys in aeronautical components such as sealing rings, valve seats, sliding bearing seats, etc. In this type of components, commonly manufactured by centrifugal casting and conventional processes, high temperature wear and stiffness under complex thermo-mechanical stresses cause lack of sealing and an increase in the wear rate. Metal additive manufacturing by direct laser metal deposition with powder (p-LMD) is presented as a potential manufacturing route for the complex processing of this type of alloys. This research work deals with the development of a new manufacturing route using p-LMD that ranges from the proper selection of the chemical composition for the starting powders, the development of the LMD process parameters to tackle the challenges associated to the wide solidification range and crack susceptibility of Ni-Cr-Si-B alloys, its monitoring and control, as well as the post-processing required to achieve the manufacture of aeronautical components. In this work, the porosity analysis, as-built microstructure, hardness at room temperature and at high temperature, and the strengthening mechanisms have been studied in cylinders manufactured with different chemical composition grades and LMD process parameter sets (slow, normal and fast deposition speed).
Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 939
Authors: Nandha Kumar E. , Athira K. S. , Chatterjee Subhradeep , Srinivasan Dheepa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing of high gamma prime (γ’) Nickel-based superalloys are challenging due to their hot cracking tendency. This study comprises an understanding of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 939 (IN939) alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The as-printed samples comprised of columnar grains along the build direction with a pronounced &lt;100&gt; texture resulting in ∼17% lower elastic modulus along the build direction as compared to the builds in transverse orientation. The microstructure consists of cellular and columnar dendrites with segregation of Nb, Ta and Si in the inter-dendritic regions (decorating the cell boundaries). Occurrence of fine (&lt; 50 nm) intra granular carbides in the as printed condition is a unique feature of this microstructure. Heat treatment resulted in dissolution of the dendritic microstructure with precipitation of semi-coherent γ’ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) precipitates (150–200 nm) homogeneously from the matrix resulting in ∼16% enhanced yield strength. The &lt;100&gt; texture is retained even after the solution and aging heat treatment indicating thermal stability of this structure.
Dimensional Deviation Prediction Model Based on Scale and Material Concentration Effects for LPBF Process
Authors: Ben Amor Sabrine , Zongo Floriane , Louhichi Borhen , Tahan Antoine , Brailovski Vladimir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes generate parts layer-by-layer without using formative tools. The resulting advantages highlight the capability of AM to become an inherent part of product development. However, process-specific challenges such as high surface roughness, the stair-stepping effect, or dimensional deviations inhibit the establishment of AM at the industrial scale. Thus, AM parts often need to be post-processed using established manufacturing processes. Many process parameters and geometrical factors influence the dimensional accuracy in AM. Published results relating to these deviations are also difficult to compare because they are based on several geometries that are manufactured using different processes, materials, and machine settings. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is gaining in popularity, but one of the obstacles facing its larger industrial use is the limited knowledge of its dimensional and geometrical performances. Therefore, using it requires studying the process and improving the accuracy of the parts involved. This paper represents a new attempt to predict dimensional deviations of LPBF parts. During the project, the scale- and material concentration-related phenomena were implemented in a new image analysis model and applied to the as-built part. We carried out a comparison between the results of the proposed model with those obtained from numerical analyses and experiments. The model does not use finite element analysis, takes less time to compute, and provides reasonable prediction accuracy.
From Photopolymerization of Metal Suspension to Practical and Economical Additive Manufacturing of Haynes 214 Alloy for High Temperature Application
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Xuan , Suen Hawke , Poudel Bibek , Qu Zhiyuan , Ahmad Mohsan Uddin , Kwon Patrick , Benard Andre , Chung Haseung 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Haynes 214 high temperature heat exchanger assembly with enclosed heat flow channels and internal fin structures was successfully fabricated using our scalable and expeditious additive manufacturing (SEAM) process, a new metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology developed at Michigan State University (MSU). Three dimensional green objects can be fabricated by selectively photopolymerizing Haynes 214 metal suspension on a powder bed system in a layer-by-layer fashion. An innovative strategy to attain a complete binder removal and high density as well as dimensional accuracy were developed and employed to achieve final metal parts with relative density above 99.5% and no geometrical distortion.
Barnase-barstar Specific Interaction Regulates Car-T Cells Cytotoxic Activity toward Malignancy
Authors: Kalinin R. S. , Shipunova V. O. , Rubtsov Y. P. , Ukrainskay V. M. , Schulga A. , Konovalova E. V. , Volkov D. V. , Yaroshevich I. A. , Moysenovich A. M. , Belogurov A. A. , Telegin G. B. , Chernov A. S. , Maschan M. A. , Terekhov S. S. , Knorre V. D. , Khurs E. , Gnuchev N. V. , Gabibov A. G. , Deyev S. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The development of CAR-T specific therapy made a revolution in modern oncology. Despite the pronounced therapeutic effects, this novel approach displayed several crucial limitations caused by the complications in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics controls. The presence of the several severe medical complications of CAR-T therapy initiated a set of attempts aimed to regulate their activity in vivo. We propose to apply the barnase-barstar system to control the cytotoxic antitumor activity of CAR-T cells. To menage the regulation targeting effect of the system we propose to use barstar-modified CAR-T cells together with barnase-based molecules. Barnase was fused with designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) specific to tumor antigens HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) The application of the system demonstrates the pronounced regulatory effects of CAR-T targeting.
Differentiating stages of functional vision loss from glaucoma using the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale and cup:disc ratio
Authors: Philippin Heiko , Matayan Einoti Naino , Knoll Karin Marianne , Macha Edith , Mbishi Sia , Makupa Andrew , Matsinhe Cristóvão Daniel , da Gama Isac Vasco , Monjane Mário Jorge , Ncheda Joyce Awum , Mulobuana Francisco Alcides Francisco , Muna Elisante , Guylene Nelly Fopoussi , Gazzard Gus , Marques Ana Patricia , Shah Peter , Macleod David , Makupa William , Burton Matthew J 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGlaucoma staging is critical for treatment planning but has rarely been tested in severe/end-stage disease. We compared the performance of the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS) and cup:disc ratio (CDR) using a functional glaucoma staging system (GSS) as the reference standard.MethodsPost hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial at the Eye Department of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania. Eligible participants (aged ≥18 years) with open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP) of >21 mm Hg, were randomised to timolol 0.5% eye drops or selective laser trabeculoplasty. Fundoscopy established vertical and horizontal CDRs and DDLS. Visual acuity and static visual fields were graded (GSS). The study used area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curves and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients to compare staging systems. Logistic regression with generalised estimating equations determined risk factors of functional severe/end-stage glaucoma.Results382 eyes (201 participants) were evaluated; 195 (51%) had severe or end-stage glaucoma; mean IOP was 26.7 (SD 6.9) mm Hg. DDLS yielded an AROC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.93), vertical cup:disc ratio (vCDR) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.91, p=0.048) for identifying severe/end-stage disease. Correlation coefficients comparing GSS to DDLS and vCDRs were 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. Advanced structural stages, vision impairment, higher IOP and less financial resources were risk factors of functional severe/end-stage glaucoma.ConclusionThis study indicates that both structural staging systems can differentiate severe/end-stage glaucoma from less severe disease, with a moderate advantage of DDLS over CDR. Clinical examination of the optic disc plays an important role in addition to functional assessment when managing severe/end-stage glaucoma.
Diabetes patient preferences for glucose-monitoring technologies: results from a discrete choice experiment in Poland and the Netherlands
Authors: Smith Ian P , Whichello Chiara L , Veldwijk Jorien , Rutten-van Mölken Maureen P M H , Groothuis-Oudshoorn C G M , Vos Rimke C , de Bekker-Grob Esther W , de Wit G Ardine 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionNew glucose-monitoring technologies have different cost–benefit profiles compared with traditional finger-prick tests, resulting in a preference-sensitive situation for patients. This study aimed to assess the relative value adults with diabetes assign to device attributes in two countries.Research design and methodsAdults with type 1 or 2 diabetes from the Netherlands (n=226) and Poland (n=261) completed an online discrete choice experiment. Respondents choose between hypothetical glucose monitors described using seven attributes: precision, effort to check, number of finger pricks required, risk of skin irritation, information provided, alarm function and out-of-pocket costs. Panel mixed logit models were used to determine attribute relative importance and to calculate expected uptake rates and willingness to pay (WTP).ResultsThe most important attribute for both countries was monthly out-of-pocket costs. Polish respondents were more likely than Dutch respondents to choose a glucose-monitoring device over a standard finger prick and had higher WTP for a device. Dutch respondents had higher WTP for device improvements in an effort to check and reduce the number of finger pricks a device requires.ConclusionCosts are the primary concern of patients in both countries when choosing a glucose monitor and would likely hamper real-world uptake. The costs-benefit profiles of such devices should be critically reviewed.
Associations between socioeconomic status and adherence to hypertension treatment among older adults in urban and rural areas in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the JAGES in Myanmar prospective cohort study
Authors: Nagamine Yuiko , Shobugawa Yugo , Sasaki Yuri , Takagi Daisuke , Fujiwara Takeo , Khin Yu Par , Nozaki Ikuma , Shirakura Yuki , Kay Thi Lwin , Poe Ei Zin , Thae Zarchibo , Win Hla Hla 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate whether there is a differential association between socioeconomic status (SES) and adherence to hypertension medication among older adults in rural and urban areas in Myanmar and assess what type of SES is associated with a difference.DesignCross-sectional study using baseline data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in Myanmar prospective cohort study. A multistage random sampling method was applied in each region.SettingAn urban and a rural area in Myanmar.ParticipantsA total of 1200 older adults over 60 years old in Myanmar were randomly selected in 2018 (600 each from rural and urban areas). Of them, 573 had hypertension and were eligible for the analysis (urban: 317, rural: 256).OutcomeAdherence to hypertension medication (yes/no) is the outcome of interest. Three types of SES (wealth, education and current employment status) were the independent variables.ResultsWe found that 21.5% of urban residents and 48.4% of rural residents were non-adherent in the study population. Poisson regression modelling stratified by area was performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of not following treatment instructions. Demographic information and complications of hypertension were adjusted for in all models as possible confounders. In terms of SES, middle level of wealth compared with low level was significantly associated with poor adherence (PR 2.68, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.59) in the urban area, but education and employment status did not show similar associations. Lower education compared with middle/high school or higher was significantly associated with poor adherence in the rural area (no school: PR 3.22, 1.37–7.58; monastic: 3.42, 1.16–5.07; primary school: 2.41, 1.18–4.95), but wealth and income did not show similar associations.ConclusionsSES and adherence to hypertension medication were differently associated among older adults in rural and urban areas in Myanmar. To ensure healthcare access to hypertension treatment for every citizen, the differential association between SES and adherence in urban/rural areas needs to be recognised.
Evaluating pain in survivors of critical illness: the correlation between the EQ-5D-5L and the Brief Pain Inventory
Authors: Docherty Christie , Shaw Martin , Henderson Philip , Quasim Tara , MacTavish Pamela , Devine Helen , O'Brien Peter , Strachan Laura , Lucie Phil , Hogg Lucy , Sim Malcolm , McPeake Joanne 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPain is a common and debilitating symptom in survivors of critical illness. The ‘Core Outcome Set for Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure’ proposes that the pain and discomfort question of the EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) could be used to assess pain in this group, however, it was recognised that further research is required to evaluate how this single question compares to other more detailed pain tools. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the pain and discomfort question of the EQ-5D-5L and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) in survivors of critical illness.MethodsThis study retrospectively analysed paired EQ-5D-5L and BPI data extracted from a prospective, multicentre study evaluating the impact of a critical care recovery programme. 172 patients who received a complex recovery intervention and 108 patients who did not receive this intervention were included. Data were available for the intervention cohort at multiple time points, namely, baseline, 3 months and 12 months. While, data were available for the usual care cohort at a single time point (12 months). We assessed the correlation between the pain and discomfort question of the EQ-5D-5L and two separate components of the BPI: severity of pain and pain interference.ResultsCorrelation coefficients comparing the pain and discomfort question of the EQ-5D-5L and the BPI pain severity score ranged between 0.73 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.80) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.86). Correlation coefficients comparing the pain and discomfort question of the EQ-5D-5L and the BPI pain interference score ranged between 0.71 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.79) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) across the various time points.ConclusionsThe pain and discomfort question of the EQ-5D-5L correlates moderately well with a more detailed pain tool and may help to streamline assessments in survivorship studies. More in-depth tools may be of use where pain is the primary study outcome or a patient-reported concern.
Interest in quitting e-cigarette use by device type and smoking history in US adults
Authors: Palmer Amanda M , Rojewski Alana M , Carpenter Matthew J , Klemperer Elias M , Baker Nathaniel L , Sanford Brandon T , Toll Benjamin A 
Published: January 2023

Background
The use of e-cigarettes has been increasing, especially since the introduction of ‘pod’ devices to the marketplace since 2018. Most adults who vape report interest in quitting. The present study examined level of interest in e-cigarette cessation between users with varying cigarette smoking histories and device types.

Methods
Data obtained from wave 5 (2018–2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study (n=34 309). Analyses were conducted on adult current established e-cigarette users, categorised on cigarette smoking history (current, former or never) and device type (disposable, cartridge/pod, tank or mod). Participants reported if they planned to ever quit e-cigarettes, attempted to quit in the past year and attempted to quit by cutting back in the past year.

Results
Of the 2922 established e-cigarette users, 68.21% reported plans to quit vaping; 17.27% reported attempting to quit e-cigarettes in the past year; and 29.28% reported attempting to quit by cutting back in the past year. Cartridge users had higher odds of interest in quitting than tank and mod users. Disposable and cartridge users had higher odds of reporting a past year quit attempt than tank and mod users. Individuals with no smoking history had higher odds of reporting a past year quit attempt or cutting back relative to those reporting dual use (of both e-cigarettes and cigarettes) and former smoking.

Conclusions
Tobacco control should consider the type of e-cigarette device that is being used, alongside users’ cigarette smoking history, when developing interventions and other resources for vaping cessation.