bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrofluorimetric determination of beta-blockers atenolol and bisoprolol fumarate residues in Senegal natural waters
Authors: Gueye Coumba , Diaw Pape Abdoulaye , Mbaye Moussa , Mbaye Olivier Maurice Aly , Cissé Lamine , Gaye Seye Diabou , Aaron Jean-Jacques , Oturan Nihal , Oturan Mehmet 
Published: June 2023

A spectrofluorimetric method was developed to determine residues of two β-blockers, atenolol (AT) and bisoprolol fumarate (BF), in Senegal's natural waters. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectral properties of both β-blockers were investigated in several organic solvent mixtures [e.g., MeOH/H2O (60/40 v/v), cyclodextrins (β-cyclodextrin, HP-β-CD], and in the presence of surfactants (SDS, Triton X, Tween 80). After optimization, satisfactory analytical figures of merit were obtained for the determination of both β-blockers: concentration linear dynamic range of over one to two orders of magnitude, limits of detection (LODs) from 1.3 to 5.4 ng/ml for BF and from 1.2 to 3.7 ng/ml for AT, limits of quantification (LOQs) from 4.5 to 18.1 ng/ml for BF and from 4.0 to 12.5 ng/ml for AT. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 2.1 and 5.3 %, according to the β-blockers. The spectrofluorimetric method was applied to the analysis of fortified river water and wastewater (effluent) collected in Senegal and France and spiked with both β-blockers. It yielded good recovery values, from 93.3 to 107.8 % for AT and from 97.4 to 108.9 % for BF. Our results demonstrated the simplicity, rapidity, and sensitivity of the spectrofluorimetric method to quantify residues of β-blockers in environmental waters.
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS OF A MULTIPURPOSE AUTONOMOUS UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE WITH COMPLEX MOTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Bouraou Nadiia , Gurynenko Stanislav 
Published: June 2023

The overview article is devoted to the analysis of control systems of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles, which belong to robotic underwater complexes and are used to provide search and deep-sea emergency and rescue operations, survey of various underwater objects (main pipelines, bottom structures, ship hulls, etc.), conducting scientific oceanographic surveys research, monitoring of the marine environment. The work examines scientific literary sources, which provide the results of development and research of orientation, navigation and motion control systems of multi-purpose autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles with complex movement dynamics, in particular when performing missions in a limited space with movement along complex trajectories. Special attention is focused on such modes of movement of devices as trajectory tracking, path-following and way point tracking. An analysis of the means of navigation and control, which can be used to ensure different modes of movement, was carried out, as well as the directions of development of both the unmanned underwater vehicles themselves and their control systems were considered.
In order to substantiate the development of a control system for a multi-purpose maneuverable mini-class autonomous vehicle, the main requirements are formulated. It is proposed to conduct a synthesis and research of the control system based on the simulation of the dynamics of the movement of the mini-vehicle for different modes of movement in terms of parameters and trajectories, to develop algorithms for the adaptive control of the vehicle, to improve the system orientation and navigation, built on the basis of MEMS sensors. An information model of the development process is proposed and substantiated, which specifies the sequence of determining important parameters and characteristics of the vehicle and performing important stages of synthesis and analysis of the control system.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MULTI-VECTOR RAYTRACING IN ELLIPSOIDAL REFLECTORS
Authors: Poluektov Serhii , Bezugla Natalia , Kurowska-Wilczyńska Kinga , Bezuglyi Mikhail 
Published: June 2023

Due to two focuses, ellipsoidal reflectors are unique reflective optical elements that allow conjugate imaging in two focal planes within their inner cavity. Such reflectors are used in various devices, such as lens telescopes, to achieve high resolution. They have found applications in microscope optical systems to increase the depth of field. They are used in scientific instruments, such as laser systems, to ensure the laser beam's high accuracy and stability. Despite their advantages, the non-spherical shape of ellipsoidal reflectors also introduces drawbacks in the form of errors arising from raytracing on the side surface. It complicates aberration analysis and necessitates specialized software for multi-vector ray tracing. Considering the deviations in the coordinates of the intersections between rays and the second focal plane allows for optimizing the reflector design to achieve maximum efficiency. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the efficiency of the aberration analysis of ellipsoidal reflectors by developing principles and informational tools for multi-vector ray tracing.
The article presents the results of developing an information system for multi-vector analysis in ellipsoidal reflectors. The developed multi-vector algorithm enables selecting tracing modes, tuning launch parameters, and setting the step size for launching rays. The specialized software features for single- and multi-vector raytracing in an ellipsoidal reflector are presented. The side surface of the ellipsoid is the object under study. The software provides the capability to realize different methods of multi-vector ray tracing, such as radius-based, diameter-based, and partial radius-based, for different types of tasks, thereby expanding the possibilities for visualizing the simulation results.
Based on the multi-vector aberration analysis of the side surface of the ellipsoidal reflector, the center coordinates and root mean square deviations were obtained for different reflection acts when changing the zenith angle of tracing. The influence of zenith angles on coordinate variations was assessed, which can be realized in selecting parameters for ellipsoidal reflectors and designing the optical system of photometers for various purposes. It can also aid in developing additional means to compensate for aberrations or modify the reflector's side surface shape.
DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING HOTS QUESTION SCRIPTS FOR VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS MAJORING IN COMPUTER AND NETWORK ENGINEERING
Authors: Basuki Wibowo Arif , Ismanto Bambang , Iriani Ade 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to extend a guideline for creating High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) questions or test for Computer and Network Engineering majors at the Vocational High School in Salatiga City. Research and development (R & D) approach is used in this research. This research uses the five steps of the Borg and Gall (1983) model: research and information gathering, data collection, product design, design validation, and design revision. All vocational school teachers majoring in Computer Engineering and Networks in Salatiga City were participated in this research. Data collection techniques were carried out by document studies, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis. The results of the research were in the form of extending a guideline for creating HOTS questions and test for Computer and Network Engineering teachers at Vocational High Schools in Salatiga City. Based on limited trials, this guideline received a score of 3,68 out of a maximum score of 4,00. That is what makes a book great. So, it can be concluded that this guideline can be used for Computer and network engineering teachers outside Salatiga City.
The Role of PKK Saving Loan Against Community Economic Empowerment Malang City
Authors: Agustine Siti Revina , Prajawati Maretha Ika 
Published: June 2023

PKK savings and loans activities are an activity that flows from members' deposits or commonly called savings and money from member deposits will be turned into loans for members. The purpose of holding this savings and loans activity is to assist the community in flowing unused funds and assist the community in meeting the needs of the pressed or who are dependent on loan shark debt. In order to get deeper results, this study used the descriptive method of qualityf. Family Empowerment and Welfare or PKK rt 4 is located in rt 4 rw 12 Purwodadi village, Blimbing district, Malang City. The purpose of PKK rt 4 in the role of savings and loans is to reduce the community's dependence on loan sharks and provide business capital to small sector businesses that are still in the context of rt 4. The role of Savings and Loans in community economic empowerment, especially in reducing dependence on loan sharks, has been going well so some members have switched because the interest is lower than loan sharks and the interest itself will be distributed thoroughly to members in the form of Residual Business Results (SHU) at the end of the period.
Budaya Urban Seksisme Sebagai Inspirasi Perancangan Busana Ready To Wear
Authors: Dwiranti Rizky Erika 
Published: June 2023

Seksisme menjadi isu yang menarik di kalangan masyarakat modern saat ini. Seksisme atau disebut juga dengan ketidakadilan gender adalah diskriminasi atau prasangka terhadap seseorang yang didasari oleh gender atau jenis kelaminnya. Tujuan perancangan karya busana adalah sebagai bentuk menyuarakan perasaan wanita terhadap seksisme disimpulkan sebuah rancangan ini mengedepankan model sesuai dengan konsep tren 2019. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan reseach-led practice. Jenis riset penciptaan ini menggunakan Research–led practic, di mana dalam penciptaan karya seni rupa dilakukan penelitian terlebih dahulu untuk mendapatkan hasil dan eksplorasi konsep, kemudian hasil penelitian tersebut diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah karya desain, dalam artian penelitian menjadi dasar dalam praktik. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil perancangan dilakukan dengan tahapan perancangan desain hingga penerapan pada produk jadi. Untuk mendukung pengaplikasian desain yang sesuai, digunakan teknik kontruksi pecah pola, teknik dekoratif dan gradasi ombree. Proses produksi memiliki skala kerumitan cukup tinggi, karena diperlukan ketelitian saat pembentukan potongan pola, dekoratif yang dibuat secara handmade dimana hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi proses penjahitan dan kualitas portotype akhir . Setelah para expert dan extreeme memberikan komentar, saran dan masukan, kemudian dilakukan perbaikan demi perbaikan hingga mencapai hasil yang maksimal.
Enhancing Autopsy Workflow Through a Down-Draft Set Up
Authors: Lenon Maria Sarah , Esposo Sheila Marie , Cabic Alpha Grace 
Published: June 2023

The autopsy or necropsy is a post-mortem procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection: to determine the cause, mode, and manner of death, and, to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes. Autopsy literally means “seeing for oneself.” A significant number of major findings cannot be diagnosed without histology; thus, without a biopsy or an autopsy they cannot be diagnosed.
Preliminary study of graveyard soil as a potential source of AMR - analysis of exhumation soil samples from the New Cemetery in Chełmża, Poland
Authors: Tarnawska Patrycja , Wróbel Monika , Walczak Maciej , Burkowska-But Aleksandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms have been detected in all environments studied so far, wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, agriculture, aquaculture and cemetery soil. However, the latter environment remains poorly explored. In this study, soil samples from the exhumation were collected from the New Cemetery in Chełmża. Samples from 4 research sites and two different depths (1) from the surface (max 10 cm deep) and (2) from under the coffin (1.5-2 m deep) were taken and analyzed for the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). For this purpose, the number of bacteria colonies resistant to the tested antibiotics: amoxicilline, cefuroxime, doxycycline and oxytetracycline was determined. Colonies grown on a medium with the addition of antibiotic at inhibitory concentration were considered resistant. The soil samples were also examined for the presence of β-lactam (blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M) and tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE , tetM) resistance genes. Differences in the number of resistant colonies between samples regarding sampling depth were observed. The highest number of isolates was recorded against cefuroxime and amoxicilline. Moreover, at least one resistance gene was detected in each of the samples and each of the selected genes was detected at least once. The results showed that cemeteries are a source of ARB and ARGs. Due to the possibility of further spread to the environment, i.e. to groundwater and surface waters, they pose a serious threat to human safety. Our results suggest the need for further, more detailed studies to determine the importance of cemeteries in spreading antibiotic resistance.
The fastest-growing black hole in the Universe
Authors: Lai Samuel , Onken Christopher , Amrutha Neelesh , Bian Fuyan , Hon Wei , Tisserand Patrick , Webster Rachel , Wolf Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Quasars are supermassive black holes feasting on surrounding matter, which make them outshine their host galaxies. Around a million quasars have been cat- alogued in the Universe by probing deeper and using new methods for discovery. In this work, we study the properties of the most luminous of all quasars found so far. It has been overlooked until recently, which demonstrates that modern all-sky surveys have much to reveal. The black hole in this quasar accretes around one solar mass per day onto an existing mass of 15 billion solar masses. In this process its accretion disc alone releases a radiative energy that is equivalent to the output from between 365 and 640 trillion Suns. The range is mostly due to the unknown viewing angle of the disc, which radiates more intensely near its polar sight lines than at grazing angles to the disc.
Vascular cells differentiated from peripheral blood mononuclear cell- versus urine cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells: A comparative analysis
Authors: Deinsberger Julia , Holzner Silvio , Bromberger Sophie , Foessleitner Philipp , Wiedemann Dominik , Winkler Bernhard , Aligianni Sophia , Stein Elisabeth , Volz Jennifer , Mazidi Zahra , Grillari Regina , Schossleitner Klaudia , Petzelbauer Peter , Weber Benedikt 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: The use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and urine-derived epithelial cells for reprogramming towards induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has shown to be highly effective. Due to their easy accessibility, these cell sources hold promising potential for non-invasive and repetitive isolation from patients.
This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the phenotype, differentiation efficacy, and functional properties of iPSCs derived from PBMCs and urine towards endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
Methods: PBMC-derived iPSCs and urine-derived iPSCs were differentiated to ECs via embryoid body formation, followed by an in-vitro monolayer culture. SMCs were generated through a defined monolayer culture. The expression profiles of iPSCs, iPSC-derived ECs, and iPSC-derived VSMCs were assessed through various techniques such as immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry analysis. Functionality of ECs was evaluated with a tube formation assay, while the functional properties of VSMCs were assessed by measuring the contractile response to carbachol.
Results: Both PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs were successfully and efficiently differentiated into functional ECs and VSMCs. The efficacy of EC differentiation did not differ significantly between the two cell types, with both yielding approximately 45% mature ECs. The derived ECs displayed morphological and functional characteristics consistent with native ECs, including marker expression and tube formation. However, pluripotency marker SOX2 continued to be upregulated, while OCT4, KLF4, c-Myc, and SSEA-4 were downregulated. Functional assessment via tube formation assays showed no significant difference in the amount of newly formed tubes and branches between the two cell types. VSMC differentiation resulted in 96% and 94% α-SMA positive cells for PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs, respectively. VSMCs of both origins exhibited a spindle-shaped, contractile morphology and expressed α-SMA, calponin, and transgelin consistent with native VSMCs. The generated VSMC lines from both cell sources demonstrated adequate contractility in response to carbachol.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates a comparative analysis of functional ECs and VSMCs generated from PBMC-derived and urine-derived iPSCs. Comparison of morphology, expression profile, and functionality of vascular cells generated from both cell sources did not reveal significant differences.
Risk factors for non-infectious diarrhea of patients with multiple myeloma after chimeric antigen receptor T- cell immunotherapy: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Ding Shu-Yi , Cheng Yin , Huang Yi-Jie , Gao Xin , Yan Jia-Li , Wang Lin-Qin , Zhao Hou-Li , Wang Rui , Chen Sang-Sang , Teng Tian-Li , Liu Nian , Zhang Ming-Ming , Jing Ai-Yun , Hu Yong-Xian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aims
Patients with multiple myeloma after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy suffered from diarrhea. Recurrent diarrhea further conversely decreases nutritional status
Methods
This study enrolled 88 patients with multiple myeloma who received chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy at one tertiary general hospital in China. Participants were categorized into diarrhea subgroup and non-diarrhea subgroup according to the occurrence of diarrhea. Demographic data and self-reported measurements and planning were obtained from questionnaires and clinical data from hospital databases.
Results
In total, 50 patients suffered from non-infectious diarrhea, with the prevalence of 56.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that severe cytokine release syndrome (OR = 5.980), underlying diseases (OR = 4.184), previous treatment lines ≥ 6 (OR = 6.292) were prominent hazardous factors for non-infectious diarrhea (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The incidence rate of non-infectious diarrhea in patients with multiple myeloma after CAR-T therapy was at a high level. Severe cytokine release syndrome, previous treatment lines ≥ 6 and the underlying diseases were important predictors for non-infectious diarrhea. Medical staff should early evaluate these major factors to reduce the risk of diarrhea.
Safety and efficacy of human ESC-derived corneal endothelial cells for corneal endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Yu Juan , Yu Nianye , Tian Yao , Fang Yifan , An Bin , Feng Guihai , Wu Jun , Wang Liu , Hao Jie , Wang Liqiang , Zhou Qi , Li Wei , Wang Yukai , Hu Baoyang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Research on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has shown tremendous progress in cell-based regenerative medicine. Corneal endothelial dysfunction is associated with the loss and degeneration of corneal endothelial cells (CECs), rendering cell replacement a promising therapeutic strategy. However, comprehensive preclinical assessments of hPSC-derived CECs for this cell therapy remain a challenge.
Results
Here we defined an adapted differentiation protocol to generate CECs consistently and efficiently from clinical-grade human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with xeno-free medium and manufactured cryopreserved CECs. Cells express high levels of typical CEC markers and exhibit transendothelial potential properties in vitro typical of CECs. After rigorous quality control measures, cells meeting all release criteria were available for in vivo studies. We found that there was no overgrowth or tumorigenicity of grafts in immunodeficient mice. After grafting into rabbit models, the surviving CECs ameliorated edema and recovered corneal opacity.
Conclusions
Our work provides an efficient approach for generating CECs and demonstrates the safety and efficacy of CECs in disease modeling. Therefore, clinical-grade hESC-derived CECs are a reliable source for future clinical treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Low levels of knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism among university instructors and graduate students in Somaliland: analysis from an online survey
Authors: Gebremariam Tewelde , Mohamed Jama , Bulhan Hussein , Mekonnen Zeleke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
University instructors and graduate students in Somaliland participate in academic writing; however, no research has been conducted on their knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism. This study examined the knowledge and attitudes towards plagiarism among university instructors and graduate students in Somaliland.
Methods
Between November 2022 and January 2023, an adapted online survey with 10 knowledge questions, 10 attitude statements, and open-ended questions was administered. We shared the survey link with the university faculty members and graduate students through email, and at least two reminders were made through WhatsApp and telephone calls. The reliability analysis utilized Cronbach’s alpha. Fisher’s and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare differences in knowledge and attitude by demographics, respectively.
Results
Due to the survey method, we were unable to calculate a response rate. The overall validity (Cronbach’s alpha) for knowledge (0.78) and attitude (0.77) was greater than 0.70, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Out of the 122 participants from six universities who completed the survey, only 9% had a high knowledge level (score ≥ 80%). The participants' mean attitude score was 3.3 ± 0.08 out of 10.
Conclusions
Somaliland's higher education faculty members and graduate students lacked adequate knowledge of and attitudes towards plagiarism. We recommend adding formal training on ethics in academic writing so that higher education institutions in Somaliland can combat this type of academic dishonesty.