bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHENOLIC CONTENT DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF TERMINALIA SERICEA BURCH
Authors: Anokwuru Chinedu P. , Ramaite Isaiah D. I. , Bessong Pascal 
Published: June 2023

Background: Terminalia sericea has been used traditionally for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress. This study was aimed at determining the distribution of phenols in the leaves, stem bark and root bark of Terminalia sericea and their antioxidant activity.
Materials and methods: Hot and cold water, methanol/acetone extracts were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), flavone/flavonol content (FFC), flavonone/dihydroflavone content (FDFC), hydroxycinnamic acid derivative content (HCAC) and tannin content (TC). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals and reducing power assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity.
Results: The leaves had the highest average TPC (440) expressed in milligram Gallic Acid Equivalent (mgCAE) /gram of the extract. The leaves also had the highest average TC (7.14) expressed in milligram Quercetin Equivalent (mgQE) /gram of the extract. The stem had the highest average FDFC (19.23 mgQE/g) while the root had the highest average FFC (74.76 mgQE/g) and HCAC (214.57) expressed in milligram Caffeic Acid Equivalent mgCAE/ gram of the extract. The stem exhibited the highest average DPPH free radical scavenging (9.85 µg/mL) and reducing power (6.01 µg/mL) activities. Water was a better extracting solvent for TPC and FDFC while methanol/acetone was a better extracting solvent for FFC and HCAC. The correlation between TC and reducing power activity (r=0.668) at P < 0.05 suggests that tannins were responsible for the antioxidant activity.
Conclusion: This study has shown that the distribution of phenolics differs in the organs of T. sericea, and could affect the quality of medicinal products sold.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-OXIDANT) OF FRACTIONS AND METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHILONOTIS HASTATA (DUBY WIJK & MARGADANT).
Authors: Oyedapo Oluboade Oluokun , Makinde Morakinyo Amos , Ilesanmi Monijesu Gbemisola , Abimbola Olasunbo Eunice , Akinwunmi Feyisayo Kemi , Akinpelu Ayinke Bolajoko 
Published: June 2023

Background: Bryophytes like other lower plants (non-vascular plants) are not traditionally employed for therapeutic purposes. Hence this study evaluated the in vitro anti-oxidant potentials and anti-inflammatory activities of the fractions and methanolic extract of Moss (Philonotis hastata, Duby) with a view to studying its biological activities.
Methods: Plant materials were collected, identified, dried, pulverized and extracted with 70% (v/v) methanol to afford methanolic extract (ME). The ME was fractionated using solvent of increasing polarity and followed by phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions. The anti-oxidant potentials (total phenolics and flavonoids), anti-oxidant activities (DPPH-radical scavenging, reductive power, hydroxyl radical scavenging and ABTS+ radical scavenging) and anti-inflammatory activity (red blood stabilizing) of the extract and fractions were investigated.
Results: Phytochemicals detected included alkaloids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The fractions and methanolic extract exhibited moderate anti-oxidant potentials with various models. The flavonoid contents of the methanol extract and fractions ranged between 1.70 ± 0.05 and 129.70 ± 1.00 mg/g extract RE (Rutin Equivalent) and total phenol content ranged between 1.84 ± 0.62 and 136.25 ± 0.18 mg/g extract TAE (Tannic Acid Equivalent). The reductive power activity ranged between 5.71 ± 0.02 and 40.40 ± 0.30 mg/g Vitamin C equivalent, the hydroxyl radical scavenging (15.54 ± 0.02 to 30.07± 0.29 %), and the ABTS+- radical scavenging activity (11.59 ± 2.85 to 40.50 ± 1.35%). The membrane stabilizing potentials of the fractions and extract (methanol) ranged between 19.19 ± 2.66% and 78.26 ± 2.60%. The activities were comparable to standard anti-inflammatory drugs and chemicals.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the fractions and methanol extract of P. hastata exhibit moderate, potent and appreciable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions elicited highest activities. As such, bryophytes possess therapeutic potentials and could be employed in the treatment and management of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory disorders.
EFFECTS OF POLLEN TYPHAE TOTAL FLAVONE ON β-ARRESTIN-2/SRC/ AKT SIGNALING IN ADIPOSE TISSUES OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Feng Xiao-Tao , Zhai Lin-Na , Wang Chun-Ling , Zhao Wei , Chen Qun , Huang Xiao-Qi 
Published: June 2023

Background: Pollen Typhae total flavone (PTF), the extract from Pollen Typhae, a Chinese herbal medicine, has been reported to improve
insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats, but the potential mechanisms keep unclear.
Materials and Methods: Type 2 diabetic model rats were induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin, and then were administered
PTF by intragastrical gavage. After treatment for 4 weeks, insulin receptor-β level in adipose tissues was determined by ELISA, and the protein
expression was analyzed by western blotting.
Results: Administration of PTF increased insulin receptor-β level and enhanced β-arrestin-2 protein expression in adipose tissues of type 2
diabetic rats. Although having no effect on the protein expression of Src or Akt, PTF promoted phosphorylation of Src at Tyr416 and Akt at
Ser473.
Conclusion: The results indicate that PTF has beneficial effects on the β-arrestin-2/Src/Akt signaling in adipose tissues of type 2 diabetic rats,
implying the underlying mechanisms of PTF in ameliorating insulin resistance.
THINKING OF THE SAFETY APPLICATION OF TCM BY YOU GU WU YUN, A CHINESE ANCIENT MEDICINE APPLICATION PRINCIPLE
Authors: Peng Wei , Gao Fei , Jiang Yan-Ping , Yang Huan , Gan Yan-Xiong , Lu Jun-Rong , Fu Chao-Mei , Li Peng 
Published: June 2023

Background: You Gu Wu Yun (有故无殒), a Chinese ancient medicine application principle, has played an important role in Traditional
Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinical practice so far.
Materials and Methods: It emphasized that disease, medicine and treatment method were interconnecting and the relationship among these
three aspects should be handled reasonably. The major factors (including organism status, medicine source, medicine processing, compatibility
of medicines, dose and course, dosage form) under the three aspects which have a more important and direct influence on the medicine clinical
effect should be considered seriously in the TCM application.
Results: However, it was analyzed that most of side effects of TCM may be due to the incorrect application, which violated this principle to a
certain degree. In order to help people to understand the safety and toxicity of TCM objectively and provide a rational guidance for the safe and
effective application of TCM, we will introduce the concept of You Gu Wu Yun and discuss these factors having influence on medicine in this
review. An example will be shown in order to clarify how these factors work in medicine.
Conclusions: As a unique medical system, TCM has its own theoretical basis and treatment principle. It stresses syndrome
COMPARISON OF RISKS FOR ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINES AND WESTERN MEDICINES: A REVIEW OF CHINESE-LANGUAGE LITERATURES
Authors: Song Yan , Ruan Zhen , Yin Shi , Bian Ying 
Published: June 2023

Background: This study aimed to compare the risks for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) between traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and
Western medicines (WMs).
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of ADR cases reported in the Chinese-language literatures from January 2006 to December
2011 was conducted to identify the frequency, severity and hazard of ADRs associated with TCMs and WMs. Sort ratio (SR) was employed to
compare the ranking of TCMs and WMs. SR>1 when WMs ranked higher than TCMs. For group comparisons, nonparametric Mann-Whitney
test was used whenever possible.
Results: A total of 5097 cases were induced by 212 TCMs and 908 WMs according to 3842 reports in the final full-text analysis. In the
comparisons for the entire study group, as well as groups by pharmacology category and administration route, most WMs ranked higher than
TCMs in occurring frequency, severity and hazard caused by ADRs. The results showed the adverse effects from Chinese medicines were
comparatively rare and the risks caused by them were milder than by western medicine-related ADRs.
Conclusion: This study concluded by indicating that TCMs were safe in clinical practice compared with WMs, though not risk free.
Improvements in quality control and in the training and regulation of practitioners could substantially reduce the already low incidence of
problems involving TCMs.
SOME QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND INDIVIDUAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS
Authors: Ã–ztÃ¼rk Ahmet , Desmirsoy Leyla , Demirsoy Husnu , Ozturk Sema 
Published: June 2023

Background: Pear fruits are an important source of secondary plant metabolites and one of the major sources of dietary phenolic compounds.
Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the individual phenolic compounds and some chemical characteristics of the flesh and peel of the fruit in the four pear cultivars. The phenolic composition of these pear cultivars was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD).
Results: The fruit flesh firmness ranged from 35.2 to 85.8 N in the pear cultivars. The soluble solids content was higher in the flesh, while titratable acidity, vitamin C, individual phenolic compounds and total phenolics were generally higher in the peel. Arbutin, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin were detected as major phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh of pear fruits. Arbutin, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin of the flesh and peel ranged from 834.8 to 937.9 mg kg-1; from 332.1 to 460.7 mg kg-1; and from 77.2 to 104.0 mg kg-1 for ‘Seckel’ pear fruits, respectively. The highest total phenolics were found to be in the peel and flesh of the ‘Flemish Beauty’ pear fruits.
Conclusion: Because of the higher level of antioxidant components in the peel of pear fruits (all phenolic compounds and vitamin C) consumption of unpeeled pears, after proper washing, is recommended to maximize the dietary benefit.
RADICAL SCAVENGING COMPOUNDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF SOLENOSTEMON MONOSTACHYS BRIQ (LAMIACEAE)
Authors: Taiwo Bamigboye Josiah , Obuotor E.M , Onawunmi Osarugue Grace , Ogundaini Oguntuga Abiodun 
Published: June 2023

Background: Solenostemon monostachys Briq. (Lamiaceae) is a weed widely used in ethno-medicine to treat infections and inflammatory
conditions but the active compounds are yet to be identified. This study isolated and identified the radical scavenging compounds from S.
monostachys crude extract using diphenyl-1, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) to monitor the separation.
Materials and Methods: The crude extract of the aerial parts of the plant was evaluated for antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion test,
anti-inflammatory test using carrageenan induced oedema of the rat paw and radical scavenging test using diphenyl-1, 1-picryl hydrazyl
(DPPH). Repeated chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, monitored by
DPPH bio-autographic assay resulted in the isolation of seven active compounds, which were identified using spectroscopic methods and
comparison with literature data.
Results: The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were the most active fractions and contained apigenin, apigenin glucuronide, luteolin, caffeic
acid, methyl caffeate, rosmarinic acid and methyl rosmarinate as the radical scavenging compounds with EC50 values of 26.67 ± 0.31, 185.89 ±
1.02, 5.35 ± 0.31, 3.92 ± 0.06, 13.41 ± 0.18, 4.99 ± 0.10, 5.97 ± 0.08 μg/ml respectively compared with 2.32 ± 0.08 μg/ml for quercetin as the
reference standard.
Conclusion: The isolated compounds are reported for the first time in this plant. The presence of the compounds in S. monostachys P. Beauv.
(Briq.) (Lamiaceae) may provide justification for some of the ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in infections and inflammatory conditions.
TWO DIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS AS A QUALITY MEASURE OF HERBAL EXTRACTS – SALVIA OFFICINALIS
Authors: Scheepmaker MandÃ© Michelle , Gower Neil Travis 
Published: June 2023

Background: Homoeopathic mother tinctures and herbal extracts are used worldwide for medicinal purposes on the basis that the plant extract
contains the active components essential for medicinal use. Quality analysis of samples ensures that the correct active components are present
for medicinal use. Thin layer chromatography has been used extensively to determine the quality of plant extracts and could just as readily be
applied to the assessment of quality of homoeopathic mother tinctures. The development of a multidimensional technique allows for greater
quality analyses of these extracts.
Materials and Methods: The Salvia officinalis sample was extracted and the one dimensional thin layer chromatographic plate development of
extracted sample was performed according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). Before the two dimensional thin layer
chromatographic plates where run, different solvent systems were tested through a comparison of the resultant one dimensional thin layer
chromatographic plates with that of the plate developed according to the GHP. The two dimensional thin layer chromatographic plate was
developed in one direction using the eluent given in the GHP, the plate was then rotated 90 degrees and further developed using neat
dichloromethane.
Results and Conclusion: The two dimensional thin layer chromatogram for the selected sample Salvia officinalis was successfully established.
This results in a more extensive profile regarding the identification of the individual components present in the homoeopathic mother tincture.
The further production of two dimensional chromatograms is essential to the expanded detailed analysis of individual products and potential raw
material production of even higher standards.
VASCULARIZED FIBULAR GRAFT COMBINED WITH VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF TIBIAL DEFECTS.
Authors: Liu Yi , Song Jian , Xu Li -Li , Huang Xiao-jun , Lan Hai-tao , Qin Wen-gang , Regis Ernest Mendame Ehya 
Published: June 2023

Background: To investigate the application of Flow-through free vascularized fibular graft combined with Vacuum Assisted Closure for the patients
suffering from tibial defects caused by chronic osteomyelitis.
Methods: We retrospectively analysed 20 cases of patients who accepted this operation in the treatment of tibial defects. Among the tibial defects,
six cases resulted from blood stream infection while 14 cases resulted from comminuted fractures. All the patients included in the study were
accompanied with 1 to 3 sinuses. The length of the defects ranged from 6cm to 16cm, with an average of 11.3cm. 6 patients were also faced with soft
tissues defects combined with tendon or bone exposures, and the defects areas ranged from 11cm×7cm to 19cm×14cm. There were 5 patients
suffering from fibular fractures at the same side of the defects. The courses of this disease were 5.5 -15 months, with an average of 9.8 months.
Results: The patients included in the study were followed up from 10 months to 4 years, with an average of 1.9 years. Sinuses of 18 patients healed
within 4 weeks, giving a primary healing rate of 90%. We undertook debridement of the remaining sinuses and they healed within 2 weeks. All skin
flaps grafted to the patients survived, thus the survival rate was 100%. The radiographs indicated that 18 patients had good prognosis and the primary
union time of grafting fibula were from 4 to 8 months, with average of 6.3 months. The healing patients achieved an average of 25.6 points based on
the Enneking evaluation system which was used to evaluate the function of limbs after the operation, indicating that 85.9% of the limb function
recovered. 4 patients required revision surgery for complications resulting from the operation: 1 wound breakdown, 2 bone non-unions, 1 graft
fracture. Infection occurred only as a pin-tract infection, and was controlled with oral antibiotics and repeated dressing; there was no deep infection
out of control in any of these patients.
Conclusion: The flow-through free vascularized fibular graft did not only repair tibial defects, but retained the continuity of trunk vessels. The flowthrough
fibular graft combined with Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) controlled the infection, shortened the course of treatment, and effectively
restored limb function when applied to the treatment of tibial defects.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANO-SILVER PARTICLES FROM LEAF AND STEM EXTRACTS OF IBOZA (TETRADENIA RIPARIA)
Authors: Shaik Shakira , Mkize Lwamkelekile , Khumalo Mthokozisi , Singh Nisha 
Published: June 2023

Background: Secondary metabolites derived from plant extracts can be used in the reduction of metal salts into their respective nanoparticles using
simple, environmentally friendly and cost effective green synthesis techniques. Metal nanoparticles have important applications in medicine and
agriculture. The leaves of Tetradenia riparia (Iboza), an important medicinal species in South Africa, are reported to contain various terpenoids and
pyrones which can be used in the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to nano-silver particles.
Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves and stems of Iboza were oven-dried, crushed, extracted in water and methanol and filtered followed by
incubation with AgNO3. Synthesized nano-silver particles were characterised using ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Results: The bio-reduction of metal ion to base metal was rapidly conducted in a single step and at room temperature and pressure. UV-Vis spectra
showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band of the synthesized nano-silver particles at 410 nm for all extracts. SEM analysis revealed
predominantly aggregated spherically-shaped nano-silver particles with a size range of 20-50 nm and an average diameter of 26 nm. The presence of
elemental silver in the nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX at 3 keV. As revealed by FTIR analysis, the reducing agents included terpenoids and
pyrones which were responsible for reducing and capping the nano-silver particles.
Conclusion: Both methanol and aqueous-derived extracts of Iboza leaves and stems can be used to synthesize nano-silver particles. FTIR evidence
suggests that the reduction of the silver ions and the synthesis of the nanoparticles may have been actioned by various terpenoid and pyrone
compounds found in the plant parts.
HEXANIC FRACTION OF TURMERIC POWDER ATTENUATES MURINE MODEL OF INDUCEDNOCICEPTION AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Authors: Suloon Jacklin , Mohamad Azam Shah , Ming-Tatt Lee , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem , Perimal Enoch Kumar , Akira Ahmad , Israf Daud Ahmad , Sulaiman Mohd Roslan 
Published: June 2023

Background: The current study was conducted to further examine the antinociceptive activity of hexane fraction of turmeric powder (HFTP)
and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action underlying its antinociceptive activity in various experimental models of chemical- and
thermal-induced nociception.
Materials and Methods: Acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, hot-plate, formalin-, capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests
in mice were employed in the antinociceptive investigation of HFTP. In all experiments, HFTP was administered intraperitoneally at the doses
of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg. In a separate group of experiments, the possible sedative and toxic effects of HFTP were tested in rota rod and
preliminary acute toxicity tests, respectively.
Results: It was demonstrated that HFTP exerted significant dose-dependent antinociceptive responses in the acetic acid-induced abdominal
constriction, hot-plate, formalin-, capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests. It was also demonstrated that pretreatment with naloxone,
produced no significant effect on the antinociception induced by HFTP. Moreover, administration of HFTP shows no significant interference in
locomotor activity of the rota rod test, and in the preliminary acute toxicity test, neither abnormal behaviours nor mortality were observed.
Conclusion: Together, these results indicated that HFTP-induced antinociceptive activity at doses devoid of any detectable toxicity and sedative
effects exerts pronounced peripheral and central antinociceptive effects, with no involvement of opioidergic system but possibly related to its
ability to interact with TRPV1 receptors and the glutamatergic system.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PERBANKAN SYARIAH DENGAN STRATEGI MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA (SDM)
Authors: Susi Fitriani Susi Wulandari , Ayunda Putri Nilasari  
Published: June 2023

Artikel ini membahas mengenai strategi manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk meningkatkan kualitas perbankan syariah. Sumber daya manusia merupakan salah satu komponen yang sangat penting dalam kegiatan operasional suatu perusahaan. Karena perbankan syariah terbilang baru, maka salah satu permasalahan yang muncul adalah kurangnya SDM yang ahli dalam keuangan syariah baik dalam akademisi maupun aktivis perbankan syariah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah dengan analisis kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan literatur review atau studi pustaka. Sumber-sumber yang penulis gunakan sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan artikel ini berasal dari beberapa jurnal, artikel dan website resmi. Sehingga penulis mendapatkan informasi yang relevan dari penelitian terdahulu yang membahas mengenai manajemen sumber daya manusia, serta penulis dapat mengemas beberapa sumber tersebut menjadi sebuah artikel dan dapat mengembangkan penelitian tersebut. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia sangat diperlukan guna meningkatkan kualitas perbankan syariah. Manajemen sumber daya manusia bertugas untuk mengelola unsur manusia secara baik agar diperoleh tenaga kerja yang dapat menjalankan pekerjaannya dengan baik dalam membantu proses pencapaian tujuan perusahaan. Karakteristik dari sumber daya manusia yang dibutuhkan di perbankan syariah jelas berbeda dibandingkan pada perbankan konvensional. Beberapa strategi perlu diimplementasikan pada perbankan syariah untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia sehingga mendapatkan karyawan yang berkualitas dan berkinerja tinggi.