bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Food Subsidies to Cash Transfers: Assessing Economy-Wide Benefits and Trade-Offs in Egypt
Authors: Breisinger Clemens , Kassim Yumna , Kurdi Sikandra , Randriamamonjy Josee , Thurlow James 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Food is a vital part of poor households' budgets and so subsidizing staple foods would appear to be an obvious pro-poor policy. Indeed, most countries in North Africa have prioritized large national subsidy programs for staple foods and fuels as their main social safety net. However, these programs account for significant shares of government spending and often drive fiscal deficits, especially when import prices rise. In this paper we use a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium model to evaluate the trade-offs between reducing poverty and managing fiscal balances. The modeling framework allows us to measure the efficiency costs of subsidies compared to cash transfers - switching to the latter is an emerging regional trend. We analyze these issues through a detailed case study of Egypt, where efforts to replace food subsidies with cash transfers is already underway. Data is also available in Egypt to design scenarios that realistically reflect potential targeting effectiveness and administrative costs. We show that replacing broad food subsidies with targeted cash transfers of roughly equivalent fiscal costs can improve the welfare of the poorest households, but the continuation of fiscal deficits results in a deceleration of economic growth. The latter gradually reduces welfare gains for the poor and leads to substantial welfare losses for middle-income households who lose access to subsidies without benefitting from cash transfers. Our findings highlight the political challenges facing subsidy reform programs.
Gareth Matthews on development and deficit
Authors: Bakhurst David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper argues that Gareth Matthews’ writing on developmental psychology is both a central part of his philosophical legacy and a contribution of enduring interest. Although he engages with figures, such as Piaget and Kohlberg, who are no longer as influential as they once were, his critique of the ‘deficit conception of childhood’ retains its relevance today. While the deficit model holds that any capacity, aptitude, virtue, or skill that a child possesses is a deficient version of the same capacity, aptitude, virtue, or skill, as possessed by adults, Matthews contends that there are some things adults do badly which children do well, and that children's curiosity, wonder, and imaginative insight is something we should respect—indeed envy—and try to learn from. The paper concludes by raising a number of questions and criticisms of Matthews’ approach that his contemporary followers might fruitfully seek to address.
Shaeer’s corporal rotation IV: length-preserving correction of congenital ventral penile curvature
Authors: Shaeer Osama , Shaeer Kamal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
For cases with severe penile curvature, the loss in length with shortening techniques or the loss in rigidity with incision grafting can compromise the results, hence the advent of Shaeer’s corporal rotation III technique, which corrects the most severe degrees of ventral penile curvature without loss in length, though with a certain degree of narrowing.

Aim
We sought to describe Shaeer’s corporal rotation IV, aiming at correction of moderate-to-severe ventral penile curvature with minimal shortening, minimal narrowing, and minimal mobilization of the neurovascular bundle, among other improvements such as using thicker suture material to decease recurrence while inverting the surgical knots.

Methods
Forty-two patients with congenital ventral penile curvature were selected for the study with a curve ranging from 60° to 90°. Patients were randomized into 1 of the 2 groups: Shaeer’s corporal rotation III (SCR-III) and SCR-IV. In SCR-IV, rotation is used to correct the main brunt of curvature, up to 70% to 80% of the curve. Plication is used to correct the residual curvature up to 100% straightness. This keeps the rotation points fewer and closer to the midline, thereby minimizing narrowing and mobilization of the neurovascular bundle.

Outcomes
Both groups were compared with regard to intraoperative erection angle, length, and girth, before and after rotation, as well as subjectively reported postoperative recurrence, penile sensitivity, satisfaction, and IIEF.

Results
The postcorrection angle was zero for all cases in the 2 groups. Dorsal length decreased by 3% in the SCR-IV group compared with 0.5% in the SCR-III group (2.5% difference). The difference in circumference between the narrowest and widest points was 2% in the SCR-IV group vs 9.3% in the SCR-III group (7.3% difference). The average operative time was 19.2% shorter with SCR-IV. Girth asymmetry was reported in 1 (4.8%) of 21 patients in the SCR-IV group compared with 15 (71.4%) of 21 in the SCR-III group. Partial hyposensitivity of the penis was reported in 9.5% in the SCR-IV group compared with 19% in the SCR-III group.

Clinical Implications
SCR-IV is an improvement over former versions of the technique, with higher patient satisfaction.

Strengths and Limitations
A strength of the study is the long follow-up period. Limitations include being a single-center study and reliance on patient reporting to evaluate recurrence and satisfaction.

Conclusion
The SCR-IV technique corrects moderate and severe degrees of congenital ventral penile curvature, with little or no compromise in penile length, girth, or sensitivity.
A sequent calculus for first-order logic formalized in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: From Asta Halkjær , Schlichtkrull Anders , Villadsen Jørgen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We formalize in Isabelle/HOL soundness and completeness of a one-sided sequent calculus for first-order logic. The completeness is shown via a translation from a semantic tableau calculus, whose completeness proof we base on the theory entry ‘First-Order Logic According to Fitting’ by Berghofer in the Archive of Formal Proofs. The calculi and proof techniques are taken from Ben-Ari’s textbook Mathematical Logic for Computer Science (Springer, 2012). We thereby demonstrate that Berghofer’s approach works not only for natural deduction but also constitutes a framework for mechanically checked completeness proofs for a range of proof systems.
Low RNA stability signifies increased post-transcriptional regulation of cell identity genes
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Yi Yang , Lv Jie , Gao Xinlei , Yu Yang , Babu Sahana Suresh , Bruno Ivone , Zhao Dongyu , Xia Bo , Peng Weiqun , Zhu Jun , Chen Hong , Zhang Lili , Cao Qi , Chen Kaifu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCell identity genes are distinct from other genes with respect to the epigenetic mechanisms to activate their transcription, e.g. by super-enhancers and broad H3K4me3 domains. However, it remains unclear whether their post-transcriptional regulation is also unique. We performed a systematic analysis of transcriptome-wide RNA stability in nine cell types and found that unstable transcripts were enriched in cell identity-related pathways while stable transcripts were enriched in housekeeping pathways. Joint analyses of RNA stability and chromatin state revealed significant enrichment of super-enhancers and broad H3K4me3 domains at the gene loci of unstable transcripts. Intriguingly, the RNA m6A methyltransferase, METTL3, preferentially binds to chromatin at super-enhancers, broad H3K4me3 domains and their associated genes. METTL3 binding intensity is positively correlated with RNA m6A methylation and negatively correlated with RNA stability of cell identity genes, probably due to co-transcriptional m6A modifications promoting RNA decay. Nanopore direct RNA-sequencing showed that METTL3 knockdown has a stronger effect on RNA m6A and mRNA stability for cell identity genes. Our data suggest a run-and-brake model, where cell identity genes undergo both frequent transcription and fast RNA decay to achieve precise regulation of RNA expression.
Zinc cluster transcription factors frequently activate target genes using a non-canonical half-site binding mode
Authors: Recio Pamela S , Mitra Nikhil J , Shively Christian A , Song David , Jaramillo Grace , Lewis Kristine Shady , Chen Xuhua , Mitra Robi D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gene expression changes are orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs), which bind to DNA to regulate gene expression. It remains surprisingly difficult to predict basic features of the transcriptional process, including in vivo TF occupancy. Existing thermodynamic models of TF function are often not concordant with experimental measurements, suggesting undiscovered biology. Here, we analyzed one of the most well-studied TFs, the yeast zinc cluster Gal4, constructed a Shea–Ackers thermodynamic model to describe its binding, and compared the results of this model to experimentally measured Gal4p binding in vivo. We found that at many promoters, the model predicted no Gal4p binding, yet substantial binding was observed. These outlier promoters lacked canonical binding motifs, and subsequent investigation revealed Gal4p binds unexpectedly to DNA sequences with high densities of its half site (CGG). We confirmed this novel mode of binding through multiple experimental and computational paradigms; we also found most other zinc cluster TFs we tested frequently utilize this binding mode, at 27% of their targets on average. Together, these results demonstrate a novel mode of binding where zinc clusters, the largest class of TFs in yeast, bind DNA sequences with high densities of half sites.
Experiential Learning of Childhood Growth and Development Through a Pediatric Play Project
Authors: Woodley Lisa K. , Cosgrove Beth , Stone Elizabeth , Stanley Erin , Nance Jennifer , De La Grana Annie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The adoption of a new undergraduate nursing curriculum granted the opportunity to develop a new method for teaching growth and development. The Pediatric Play Project was designed as part of clinical experience where students explored principles of growth and development by designing a toy or play activity for a hospitalized pediatric patient. Students exhibited immense creativity while meeting learning outcomes, and the project received positive feedback from students and faculty. With minor refinement of the project, students will continue to gain understanding of the nurse’s role in promoting growth and development for the hospitalized child.
Syringomyelia with Charcot arthropathy: A case report
Authors: Yang Tianxiang , Cao Dede , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Jinning , Wang Qiang , Guo Gaopeng , Chen Desheng 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Syringomyelia with Charcot arthropathy mainly manifests as skin redness and swelling, local swelling of the joints, paresthesia, joint deformity, and dislocation leading to limited movement, often involving the cervicothoracic spinal cord and shoulder and elbow joints. Furthermore, cases of Charcot arthropathy are rare. In this report, we present the case of a patient with Charcot arthropathy combined with syringomyelia diagnosed at our hospital.

Methods:
The patient was a 42-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with a chief complaint of left elbow swelling lasting for over 20 years, aggravated by limitations of movement for 2 years. The patient completed relevant imaging examination and biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

Results:
Imaging studies led to a suspicion of Charcot arthropathy. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging of the left elbow joint indicated deformity of the joint, with surrounding bone loss and soft tissue swelling. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging indicated syringomyelia between the C5 and T5 levels. The pathological results were consistent with the pathological changes of Charcot arthropathy.

Conclusions:
In clinical work, when a painless joint injury is revealed and the degree of joint disease is extremely disproportionate to the patient’s symptoms, medical workers should consider the possibility of Charcot arthropathy. After carefully performing joint examination, a neurological function examination should be performed as soon as possible, followed by the identification of the cause and intervention, which will improve the quality of life of patients and reduce disability.
Association of systemic lupus erythematosus and acute myeloid leukemia: A case report
Authors: Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena , Andrianiaina Armel Mamihaja , Sendrasoa Fandresena Arilala , Ramily Samson Léophonte , Razafimaharo Tsiory Iarintsoa , Ratovonjanahary Volatantely , Ramarozatovo Lala Soavina , Rabenja Rapelanoro Fahafahantsoa 
Published: May 2023

Rationale:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a risk of malignancy. The mechanism of carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated. Lymphomas are the most reported cancers in lupus. Other hemopathies have been reported, such as leukemia but remain unusual.

Patient concerns:
We report a 30-year-old woman with SLE diagnosed 20 months ago associated with end-stage renal disease and active hepatitis B. She was treated with hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine, followed by methotrexate. During follow-up, she presented persistent anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Diagnoses:
Following these cytopenias, a bone marrow aspiration was performed. Acute myeloid leukemia associated with SLE was diagnosed.

Interventions:
She received transfusion support and corticosteroid therapy. Methotrexate was stopped and hydroxychloroquine was continued. The patient was not eligible for chemotherapy because of her comorbidities.

Outcomes:
Cytopenias were worsening and unfortunately, she died 3 months later

Lessons:
This observation highlights the importance of regular blood count monitoring during SLE. In case of persistent cytopenia, bone marrow aspiration should be performed to look for an associated hematological malignancy.
C-Clamp Technique: A Retrospective Review of a Novel Technique to Prevent Bladder Injury in Retropubic Midurethral Slings
Authors: Jayne Christopher J. , Bach Madeline , Odulate-Williams Adekorewale , Ocon Adriana , Siddiqui Gazala 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The original technique for mesh midurethral sling, which utilized a retropubic approach for sling placement, also recognized a risk of simultaneous iatrogenic bladder injury. While synthetic mesh midurethral slings have the criterion standard for SUI treatment, there is still no available technique that entirely eliminates the risk of bladder injury at the time of implantation. The retropubic approach holds a 0.7% to 34% rate of bladder injury. Some providers still opt for the transobturator approach because of a perceived decreased risk of intraoperative bladder perforation. This article describes the “C-clamp technique,” a method directly addressing the perceived key causes of bladder injury via the retropubic approach. This study aimed to determine bladder injury rates upon surgical implantation of retropubic synthetic mesh midurethral sling by 1 provider using the C-clamp technique. The article provides step-by-step instructions for this technique, as well as a link to a video (https://links.lww.com/FPMRS/A362). Briefly, the technique involves use of a deflecting catheter guide in steep Trendelenburg, “clamping” the pubis with the operator's nondominant hand to decrease the retropubic distance, and using the nondominant thumb on the inner curve of the trocar to guide the trocar passage toward the nondominant finger tips and suprapubic exit through the skin.
This retrospective review identified 201 bottom-up retropubic synthetic mesh midurethral slings placed using the C-clamp technique between April 2012 and June 2022. General data collected included average age (51 years), average weight (46–139 kg), average body mass index (BMI, 15–57 kg/m2), and a range of prior surgical procedures and concomitant procedures. Approximately 15% of patients had a history of prior retropubic urethropexy or some form of midurethral sling. There were no lower urinary tract injuries in the entire cohort.
Strengths of this study include its description of the C-clamp technique, the extremes and range of data points included within the study, and the 10-year range of the study. Limitations include its retrospective nature, the single surgeon provider, the vast majority of slings used produced by 1 manufacturer, and limited comprehensive data collection.
Using data from 201 consecutive bottom-up synthetic mesh midurethral sling outcomes during a 10-year span, the authors argue that this technique addresses key anatomic issues contributing to bladder and urethral injury during placement of such slings, with a promising ability to eliminate bladder and urethral injury. Favorable data in a larger number of patients and by multiple providers could provide further support to this technique and support retropubic sling as a preferred method of midurethral sling.
Effect of Correcting Peripheral Refractive Errors on Retinal Sensitivity in Younger and Older Healthy Adults
Authors: João Catarina A. R. , Scanferla Lorenzo , Alarcon Aixa , van der Mooren Marrie , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: May 2023

SIGNIFICANCE
Retinal sensitivity decreases with age and age-related eye diseases. Peripheral retinal sensitivity may also be compromised if the refractive correction is not optimized for peripheral vision.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to determine the impact of using a peripheral refractive correction on perimetric thresholds and the influence of age and spherical equivalent on this impact.

METHODS
We measured, in 10 younger (20 to 30 years) and 10 older (58 to 72 years) healthy subjects, perimetric thresholds for Goldmann size III stimulus in several test locations along the horizontal meridian of the visual field (eccentricity, 0, ±10, and ±25°), with default central refractive correction and with peripheral refractive corrections as measured with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. We used analysis of variance to determine the effect of age and spherical equivalent (between-subject variables) and eccentricity and correction method (central vs. eccentricity specific; within-subject variables) on retinal sensitivity.

RESULTS
Retinal sensitivity was higher if the eyes were optimally corrected for the concerning test location (P = .008), and the effect of this peripheral correction differed between the younger and older subjects (interaction term between group and correction method: P = .02), primarily because of more myopia in the younger group (P = .003). The average improvement by applying peripheral corrections was 1.4 dB in the older subjects and 0.3 dB in the younger subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral optical correction has a variable impact on retinal sensitivity, and therefore, assessment of retinal sensitivity may be more accurate if peripheral defocus and astigmatism are corrected.
Refusals of the Determination of Death by Neurologic Criteria: A Mixed Methods Study of Physician Perspectives on Refusals Cases*
Authors: Paquette Erin D. , Ross Lainie F. , Chavez Jairo , Frader Joel E. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Refusals to allow examination for determination of death by neurologic criteria (DNC) challenge pediatric physicians and create distress for medical teams and families of patients suspected to meet criteria for DNC. The objective of this study was to inquire about and assess experiences with such refusals from the perspective of physicians.

DESIGN:
We conducted a mixed-methods survey and interview-based study to understand physicians’ experiences with refusals.

SETTING:
An online survey was sent to pediatric intensivists and neurologists; phone interviews were conducted in a subset.

PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:
The study included 80 physician survey respondents and 12 interview physician respondents.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Refusals occur for many reasons regarding patients with both acute and progressive brain injury. The most common reasons were consistent in surveys and interviews and include “waiting on a miracle,” not wanting to give up, religious objections and disbelief in brain death. Time was an important mediator in many cases. Physicians described several approaches to managing refusals, highlighting the impact on medical teams, distraction from other patients, and need for resources to support physicians.

CONCLUSIONS:
Refusals may have important sociodemographic associations that should be considered in managing complex cases. Physicians seek more guidance in law and policies to manage refusals.
The Effects of Expectation Setting and Bundle Consent on Acute Caregiver Stress in the PICU: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goldstein Gregory , Karam Oliver , Miller Ferguson Nikki 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:Having a child admitted to the PICU is a stressful experience for parents and can have long-term negative mental health consequences. The objective was to determine if formalized expectation setting and bundled consent for invasive procedures upon admission impacts the acute stress burden on parents.DESIGN:Prospective cluster randomized controlled trial.SETTING:Single-center, tertiary PICU.SUBJECTS:Parents/guardians of patients, 0–18 years old, admitted to PICU.INTERVENTIONS:During experimental weeks, all patients admitted to PICU were bundled-consented for common procedures and given a novel unit introductory letter and “Common Procedures Explained” document. During control weeks, all patients were consented for invasive procedures with separate consents for each procedure. Parents then completed a demographic survey and Stress Overload Scale-Short (SOS-S) 48–72 hours after their child’s admission. For each participant, the SOS-S generates a Personal Vulnerability (PV) score and an Event Load (EL) score. Parents’ perception of the life-threatening nature of their child’s condition was also evaluated.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Over 73 weeks, 1,882 patients were screened and 261 consented to the SOS-S. Median PV score was 10.4 in the control group and 9.1 in the experimental group (p= 0.15). Median EL score was 11.3 for the control group and 10.5 in the experimental group (p= 0.42). Adjusting for demographic variables and severity of illness, there was no independent association between either PV or EL and bundled consent. However, a parent’s perception of threat-to-life was significantly related to the allocated group (p= 0.036), which resulted in a decreased percentage of parents who rated their child’s illness as “Extremely” life-threatening (experimental group, 17% vs control group, 26%).CONCLUSIONS:This study did not demonstrate a decrease in stress when bundled consent was obtained. However, this intervention decreased the parents’ perceived severity of illness. Further multicenter studies are needed to evaluate the effects of bundled consent on parents.
The Future Arrived
Authors: Alkadhi Hatem , Runge Val 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the past decades, we have witnessed tremendous technical innovations in computed tomography (CT) imaging. These included improvements in temporal and spatial resolution, lowering of the radiation dose, the introduction of dual-energy and multi-energy imaging, automated image preprocessing and machine learning algorithms, and, most recently, the development and clinical introduction of photon-counting detector CT. This special issue of Investigative Radiology comprises a collection of expert summaries and reviews on this most impactful recent innovation and cutting-edge technology of photon-counting detector CT. It includes articles on technical details about this new CT scanner type and summaries of the first clinical experience in cardiac and vascular imaging, neuroimaging, as well as chest and abdominal imaging, and concludes with an outlook to new contrast agents with potential for k-edge imaging, which are on the horizon.