bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dinâmica da convivência em uma instituição de acolhimento
Authors: Gallo Lívia Lima , De Paula Mariana da Silva , Barbosa Matheus Diogo , Máximo Vinicius Nogueira , Andrade Helga Yuri Silva Okano 
Published: September 2023

O projeto de extensão na instituição de acolhimento de meninos adolescentes foi desenvolvido pela Liga Acadêmica de Psicologia Jurídica e Serviço Social (LAPJUS), a fim de compreender a rede de apoio e as relações sociais que o adolescente encontrará e como serão refletidos na elaboração de seus sentimentos, principalmente com a chegada e a partida de pessoas da instituição. A institucionalização é uma das medidas tomadas pelo Estado quando o núcleo familiar negligencia a assistência básica e a garantia de direitos ao indivíduo. O estudo é um relato de experiência da vivência que foi realizada em uma casa de acolhimento no interior de Minas Gerais e apresenta relatos de quatro graduandos em Psicologia e integrantes da LAPJUS. Os extensionistas desenvolveram oficinas e buscaram observar o que a mudança de configuração dos residentes causaria naqueles que permanecem na casa. Foi identificado que os adolescentes vivenciavam um misto de emoções e demonstravam sentir as rupturas dos vínculos que se desfaziam abruptamente, visto que encontravam nos cuidadores e outros residentes o apoio buscado na família. Concluiu-se que a extensão com apoio das oficinas teve respostas positivas, uma vez que conseguiu abordar os sentimentos vivenciados com a entrada e a saída repentina de residentes da instituição, acolhendo-os e oferecendo suporte frente ao rompimento dos vínculos. Assim, a liga buscará desenvolver novas atividades de extensão que consigam entrar em contato com a vulnerabilidade social para que, dessa forma, ofereça escuta e valide as expressões dos sujeitos que participam e experienciam essa dinâmica.
Articular Cartilage After Toe Amputation—Protective Barrier or Source of Infection?: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Pirozzi Kelly , Danesh Sahab , Kandi Saba 
Published: September 2023

Background: Digital and ray amputations are common surgical treatments for infected bone and traumatic injuries in the foot. When disarticulated, the exposed articular cartilage can be addressed by either leaving the cartilage cap as a “protective barrier” to infection or by remodeling the exposed bone, removing the cartilage to bleeding bone to better fight infection.
Methods: Our objective is to provide the first study in the foot to determine whether leaving exposed articular cartilage after toe amputation results in more returns to surgery and delayed healing. We performed a review of the electronic database of patients who had undergone toe amputation and/or metatarsal head amputation with the inclusion criteria of Current Procedural Terminology codes 28825, 28820, and 28810. Excluded patients were those who had multiple osteomyelitic bones or more than one-digit amputations because of the difficulty of controlling the extent of infection. Sixty-three procedures were included in the study (group 1, n = 47; group, n = 216).
Results: The time to healing between group 1 (44.0 ± 40.6 days) and group 2 (51.7 ± 48.0 days) was not statistically significant (t test, 0.54392), with reinfection rate being low in both group 1 (8.51%) and group 2 (6.25%).
Conclusions: Our study showed a low reinfection rate in both groups (8.51% vs 6.25%). Age, A1C, and BMI were also similar between both groups. The PAD difference (55.3% vs 81.3%) could have contributed to the time to heal (44.0 vs 51.7 days) but not to infection rate between both groups. Tobacco use did not seem to affect time to heal or infection rate between both groups. From our results, there doesn’t seem to be a difference in infection rates between each group.
Probabilistic approaches for investigating species co-occurrence from presence-absence maps
Authors: Chang Ya-Mei , Rakshit Suman , Huang Chun-Hung , Wu Wen-Hsuan 
Published: September 2023

Background
In this research, we propose probabilistic approaches to identify pairwise patterns of species co-occurrence by using presence-absence maps only. In particular, the two-by-two contingency table constructed from a presence-absence map of two species would be sufficient to compute the test statistics and perform the statistical tests proposed in this article. Some previous studies have investigated species co-occurrence through incidence data of different survey sites. We focus on using presence-absence maps for a specific study plot instead. The proposed methods are assessed by a thorough simulation study.

Methods
A Chi-squared test is used to determine whether the distributions of two species are independent. If the null hypothesis of independence is rejected, the Chi-squared method can not distinguish positive or negative association between two species. We propose six different approaches based on either the binomial or Poisson distribution to obtain p-values for testing the positive (or negative) association between two species. When we test to investigate a positive (or negative) association, if the p-value is below the predetermined level of significance, then we have enough evidence to support that the two species are positively (or negatively) associated.

Results
A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the type-I errors and the testing powers of our approaches. The probabilistic approach proposed by Veech (2013) is served as a benchmark for comparison. The results show that the type-I error of the Chi-squared test is close to the significance level when the presence rate is between 40% and 80%. For extremely low or high presence rate data, one of our approaches outperforms Veech (2013)’s in terms of the testing power and type-I error rate. The proposed methods are applied to a tree data of Barro Colorado Island in Panama and a tree data of Lansing Woods in USA. Both positive and negative associations are found among some species in these two real data.
Bushmeat Consumption in Africa: A Microbiological Safety Challenge?
Authors: Ahouanse Gwladys Gloria Amen , Issa-Zacharia Abdulsudi , Majaliwa Nuria 
Published: September 2023

Objective: This review analyzed the microbiological safety of bushmeat consumed in Africa over the past decades.
Methodology: Previous Studies mainly focused on large animals like antelopes and smaller ones like grasscutter. Most microbes studied were similar to those in domestic animal meat, except for rare pathogens such as Salmonella spp, E.coli. Sampling, experiments, and microbe prevalence varied among studies.
Results: All studies confirmed the presence of zoonotic pathogens dangerous to human beings. Therefore, more investigations are needed, especially for the chronic and severe cases of pathogens, since only few studies have addressed the bushmeat's microbiological safety in Africa.
Conclusion: Efforts should be made to improve bushmeat safety and public health in Africa. New policies and public regulations must be developed and implemented to ensure hygienic and legal bushmeat production in Africa.
Overview of Respiratory Tract Infections among Children under Five Years in Ghana
Authors: Ampah Augustina 
Published: September 2023

It is well-documented that respiratory tract infections, especially in children, have the highest incidence and mortality rates in developing countries. Infections of the sinuses, throat, airways, and lungs are collectively referred to as Respiratory Tract Infections by the National Health Services (NHS). According to the statistics, in Ghana, the seasonal patterns of reported paediatric cases were different in the Northern sector than in the Central and Southern sectors. Hospitalization rates for children in the Volta Region showed clear seasonal trends, with most ailments being more common during the dry seasons than the wet ones. The purpose of this study is to examine respiratory tract infections among children under five years in Ghana. This will give readers and policy makers the nature and the condition of RTIs among children in Ghana. The study used the systematic review method to achieve this objective. The type of systematic review method used was the rapid review, which uses existing research documents and data to draw new findings.
The study found that, there is high rate of respiratory tract infections among children in Ghana. This is attributed to many factors. Poor breastfeeding and supplemented eating in early life may lead to childhood wasting, the leading cause of mortality in under-5s with poorer RTI worldwide. Severe acute malnutrition is one of numerous socioeconomic variables that have increased pneumonia, diarrheal illness, and malaria prevalence and severity. Other variables that have contributed to this rise including low birth weight, under-vaccination, parental smoking, early childhood respiratory impairment owing to indoor air pollution, other diseases, and overcrowding.
This study recommends that, much attentions should be given to children in Ghana. Prevention strategies for RTIs include frequent nutritional programs, campaigns, and education in the district to address stunting and underweight in children younger than five, as well as correct complementary feeding. Further population-based study in different parts of Ghana might strengthen these results.
The Correlation between Green Fodder Yield and Fodder Quality Traits in Hybrids of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
Authors: Aswini M. S. , Ganesan K. N. , Ezhilarasi T. 
Published: September 2023

Pearl millet is an ideal fodder crop having highly shiny, lush, palatable, nutrient- dense, excellent silage and biomass production potential and bestowed with various essential nutrients required for the livestock. The study material consists of 54 fodder pearl millet hybrids obtained through the hybridisation between 15 selected superior parents from ICRISAT gene-pool as well as gene pool of Department of Forage Crops, TNAU, Coimbatore. For the better understanding of the relationship between green fodder yield per plant, its contributing traits and various quality traits, genetic parameters such as genotypic and phenotypic correlation as well as path coefficients were analysed. Correlation studies revealed that out of all the seventeen biometric traits studied, all the traits are shown positive correlation with green fodder yield per plant whereas fifteen traits are found to have significant positive correlation with green fodder yield per plant. Ash content (rg =0.855), dry fodder yield per plant (rg =0.850), leaf-stem ratio (rg =0.710) have shown very strong significant positive correlation and plant height (rg =0.641), days to green fodder harvest (rg =0.630), stem girth (rg =0.616) and days to fifty per cent flowering (rg =0.606) have recorded with moderately strong significant positive correlation with green fodder yield per plant. Number of tillers per plant (0.859), internode length (0.574), ash content (0.421) and dry fodder yield per plant (0.372) revealed highly positive direct effects with green fodder yield per plant. Hence, selection for traits exhibiting positive association and direct effects for green fodder yield would help the breeder to enhance it further.
Effect of Molybdenum on Leaf Chlorophyll and Biomass Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Uikey Indu , Mitra N. G. , Chhigarha Jaipal 
Published: September 2023

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plant. It is plays an important key role in chlorophyll synthesis. The Experiment was conducted in Pot house at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur during Kharif season 2014.The soil of experimental site belongs to Kheri-series and taxonomically comes under the order Vertisols, sub order Sterts, great group Haplusterts, sub group TypicHaplusterts. In all total 14 number of treatment combinations were tried under factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The result revealed that variations in observation were found with treatment of Rhizobium inoculation. Seed treatment of Mo @ 0.5 g ammonium molybdate kg-1 seed (StM1) responded better, followed by soil application of Mo @ 1.0 kg Mo ha-1 soil (SaM1) as main effects. With higher dose of Mo as seed treatment (StM2) exerted significantly negative effect. Whereas higher dose of soil application of Mo (SaM2) was merginally higher over no application of Mo which was seemed to be the buffer action of soil to nulify adverse effect of the micronutrient.
Serological Evidence of Chikungunya Infection in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Bashir , Babatunde Momodu Idris , Musa Umar Adamu , Bindawa Abdullahi Tanimu , Johnny Jennifer , Aliyu Mu’azzam Hassan , Salihu Sufyan Chiroma , Isiyaku Ayuba , Yusuf Katimu , Makeri Musa Sale 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Chikungunya is a re-emerging arthropod-borne viral disease that displays a large cell organ tropism, and causes a broad range of clinical symptoms in humans. The virus is listed on the WHO blueprint priority pathogens. However, Chikungunya is a neglected tropical disease in Nigeria and has never been investigated in Kaltungo. Chikungunya virus resembles malaria/typhoid fever in clinical syndrome; misdiagnosis is often common among clinicians.
Aim/Objectives: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out aimed at “serological evidence of acute chikungunya virus infection among outpatients with febrile illness attending general hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State Nigeria”.
Materials and Methods: Rapid Test Device (RTD) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to demonstrate the presence of acute infection due to CHIKV. A well-structured pre-tested questionnaire along with the consent forms was used to collect both demographic and clinical information of the study participants.
Results: Sera of 200 consented patients examined, 112(56%) females and 88(44%) males were collected. Chi-square test was used for the analysis. Of the Sera tested, 14(7.0%) and 18(9.0%) were found to be positive for CHIKV IgM antibody using RTD and ELISA, respectively. There were statistical significant associations between gender, age and CHIKV infection (P≤0.05); males had 9(4.5%) IgM while females had 5(2.5%), age group 31-40 years had the highest positivity of 3.5% IgM and was found to be more infected with the virus. IgM antibody was detected higher 16(8.0%) among samples collected from 1-7 days while only 2(1.0%) were obtained on samples collected from 7-10 days. Antimalarial/antibiotic intake and recent travelling had not shown any statistical significant association (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The techniques used in this study revealed the presence of CHIKV IgM antibody among febrile patients evidencing the existence of CHIKV in Kaltungo.
Recommendation: There is need for the inclusion of CHIKV in routine differential diagnosis of febrile patients to avoid misdiagnosis of febrile conditions.
Ulcerative Colitis in Adults
Authors: Gros Beatriz , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, with a prevalence exceeding 400 per 100 000 in North America. Individuals with UC have a lower life expectancy and are at increased risk for colectomy and colorectal cancer.ObservationsUC impairs quality of life secondary to inflammation of the colon causing chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding. Extraintestinal manifestations, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, occur in approximately 27% of patients with UC. People with UC require monitoring of symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation (eg, fecal calprotectin), and require colonoscopy at 8 years from diagnosis for surveillance of dysplasia. Risk stratification by disease location (eg, Montreal Classification) and disease activity (eg, Mayo Score) can guide management of UC. First-line therapy for induction and maintenance of remission of mild to moderate UC is 5-aminosalicylic acid. Moderate to severe UC may require oral corticosteroids for induction of remission as a bridge to medications that sustain remission (biologic monoclonal antibodies against tumor necrosis factor [eg, infliximab], α4β7 integrins [vedolizumab], and interleukin [IL] 12 and IL-23 [ustekinumab]) and oral small molecules that inhibit janus kinase (eg, tofacitinib) or modulate sphingosine-1-phosphate (ozanimod). Despite advances in medical therapies, the highest response to these treatments ranges from 30% to 60% in clinical trials. Within 5 years of diagnosis, approximately 20% of patients with UC are hospitalized and approximately 7% undergo colectomy. The risk of colorectal cancer after 20 years of disease duration is 4.5%, and people with UC have a 1.7-fold higher risk for colorectal cancer compared with the general population. Life expectancy in people with UC is approximately 80.5 years for females and 76.7 years for males, which is approximately 5 years shorter than people without UC.Conclusions and RelevanceUC affects approximately 400 of every 100 000 people in North America. An effective treatment for mild to moderate UC is 5-aminosalicylic acid, whereas moderate to severe UC can be treated with advanced therapies that target specific inflammation pathways, including monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor, α4β7 integrins, and IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines, as well as oral small molecule therapies targeting janus kinase or sphingosine-1-phosphate.
Phosphatidylethanol vs Transdermal Alcohol Monitoring for Detecting Alcohol Consumption Among Adults
Authors: Hahn Judith A. , Fatch Robin , Barnett Nancy P. , Marcus Gregory M. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceAlcohol biomarkers can improve detection of heavy alcohol use in clinical care, yet cutoffs for phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a blood biomarker, have not been established.ObjectiveTo determine the optimal cutoff for PEth for heavy alcohol consumption in a study of middle-age and older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a 4-week diagnostic study of adults with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and current alcohol consumption, recruited from general cardiology and cardiac electrophysiology outpatient clinics from September 2014 to September 2019. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main aim was to determine the optimal PEth cutoff for heavy alcohol consumption, using the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM) to measure transdermal alcohol. Area under the curve (AUC) for PEth-detected compared with SCRAM-detected heavy alcohol consumption in any week over the prior 4 weeks (ie, ≥3 [women] and ≥4 [men] episodes) or any estimated breath alcohol of 0.08% or greater in any week, and the PEth cutoff was calculated using the Youden J statistic. Similar analyses were conducted comparing PEth with individual drinks reported by pressing an event monitor, retrospective self-report via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C), and using 2-week look-backs.ResultsIn this diagnostic study of 64 patients with both PEth and SCRAM measures over 4 weeks (54 [84.4%] men; mean age, 65.5 [95% CI, 62.6-68.5] years; 51 [79.7%] White), 31 (48.4%) had any SCRAM-detected heavy alcohol consumption over the 4 weeks, and the median (IQR) PEth at 4 weeks was 23 ng/mL (&amp;lt;limit of quantification to 60 ng/mL). The AUC for PEth vs any SCRAM-detected heavy alcohol consumption was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.72-0.93). The optimal PEth cutoff was 18.5 ng/mL (AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.93), with sensitivity of 83.9% (95% CI, 66.3%-94.5%) and specificity of 72.7% (95% CI, 54.5%-86.7%). The PEth test characteristics by individual drink reporting using the event monitors and by the AUDIT-C, and by these measures and by SCRAM collected for 2-week intervals, were similar to those compared with the 4-week SCRAM.Conclusions and RelevanceIn a predominately middle-age and older White male population, PEth compared well with SCRAM. A PEth cutoff of 18.5 ng/mL (or rounded to 20 ng/mL, a recommended PEth cutoff for significant alcohol consumption) can be used in clinical care to detect heavy alcohol consumption in middle-age and older men.
Morphology of Passives
Authors: Cabredo Hofherr Patricia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This entry presents an overview of the morphology found in passive constructions. Passive constructions vary with respect to a range of properties linked to object promotion and subject demotion. In particular, passives differ in the patterns of morphological, syntactic and semantic restrictions they display. The discussion of the morphological marking of passive constructions pays particular attention to the grammatical restrictions observed with different passive constructions.
Diradical‐Featured Organic Small‐Molecule Photothermal Material Based on 4,6‐di(2‐thienyl)thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole for Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Chunyu , Guo Lixin , Zhang Kaixin , Wang Guan , Yu Qingsong , Gan Zhihua , Gu Xinggui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhotothermal immunotherapy can provide an efficient and convenient strategy for cancer treatment by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) to generate vaccine‐like functions in situ, which highly relies on suitable photothermal agents with superior photothermal effect. Herein, a novel diradical‐featured organic small‐molecule photothermal material (TTD‐TPE) based on 4,6‐di(2‐thienyl)thieno[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole and tetraphenylethylene is developed to exhibit near‐infrared (NIR) absorption of 808 nm, high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) of about 75%, and superior photoacoustic imaging (PAI) property in nanoparticle. The excellent photothermal effect of TTD‐TPE nanoparticles originates from the integrated synergic effect of D–A interactions, diradical character, and excited‐state intramolecular motion, which not only ablates the primary tumor by localized high temperature but also transforms the primary tumor into vaccine in situ through ICD to inhibit the growth of distant and metastatic tumors, demonstrating the huge potential in photothermal immunotherapy. Thus, this finding encourage researchers to develop superior organic small‐molecule photothermal materials to boost the simple but useful modality for cancer treatment.
Hydrogen Ion Capturing Hydrogel Microspheres for Reversing Inflammaging
Authors: Zheng Dandan , Chen Wei , Chen Tongtong , Chen Xiuyuan , Liang Jing , Chen Hao , Shen Hongxing , Deng Lianfu , Ruan Huitong , Cui Wenguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInflammaging is deeply involved in aging‐related diseases and can be destructive during aging. The maintenance of pH balance in the extracellular microenvironment can alleviate inflammaging and repair aging‐related tissue damage. In this study, the hydrogen ion capturing hydrogel microsphere (GMNP) composed of mineralized transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and catalase (CAT) nanoparticles is developed via biomimetic mineralization and microfluidic technology for blocking the NLRP3 cascade axis in inflammaging. This GMNP can neutralize the acidic microenvironment by capturing excess hydrogen ions through the calcium carbonate mineralization layer. Then, the subsequent release of encapsulated TGF‐β and CAT can eliminate both endogenous and exogenous stimulus of NLRP3, thus suppressing the excessive activation of inflammaging. In vitro, GMNP can suppress the excessive activation of the TXNIP/NLRP3/IL‐1β cascade axis and enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in nucleus pulposus cells. In vivo, GMNP becomes a sustainable and stable niche with microspheres as the core to inhibit inflammaging and promote the regeneration of degenerated intervertebral discs. Therefore, this hydrogen ion‐capturing hydrogel microsphere effectively reverses inflammaging by interfering with the excessive activation of NLRP3 in the degenerated tissues.