bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chest-Based Wearables and Individualized Distributions for Assessing Postural Sway in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Meyer Brett , Cohen Jenna , Donahue Nicole , Fox Sam , O'Leary Aisling , Brown Anna Jane , VanDyk Tyler , DePetrillo Paolo , Ceruolo Melissa , Cheney Nick , Solomon Andrew , McGinnis Ryan 
Published: February 2023

<p>Typical assessments of balance impairment are subjective or require data from cumbersome and expensive force platforms. Researchers have utilized lower back (sacrum) accelerometers to enable more accessible, objective measurement of postural sway for use in balance assessment. However, new sensor patches are broadly being deployed on the chest for cardiac monitoring, opening a need to determine if measurements from these devices can similarly inform balance assessment. Our aim in this work is to validate postural sway measurements from a chest accelerometer. To establish concurrent validity, we considered data from 16 persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) asked to stand on a force platform while also wearing sensor patches on the sacrum and chest. We found five (five) of 15 postural sway features derived from chest (sacrum) were significantly correlated with force platform-derived features, which is in line with prior sacrum-derived findings. Clinical significance was established using a sample of 39 PwMS who performed eyes-open, eyes-closed, and tandem standing tasks. This cohort was stratified by fall status and completed several patient-reported measures (PRM) of balance and mobility impairment. We also compared sway features derived from a single 30-second period to those derived from a one-minute period with a sliding window to create subject-specific distributions of each postural sway feature (SSD method). We find traditional computation of sway features from the chest is sensitive to changes in PRMs and task differences. Distribution characteristics from the SSD method establish additional relationships with PRMs, detect differences in more tasks, and distinguish between fall status groups. Overall, the chest was found to be a valid location to monitor postural sway and we recommend utilizing the SSD method over single-observation analyses. </p>
OPTIMIZATION OF MICROALGAE PRODUCTION CONDITIONS USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: G. M. Bonface , B. G. Benson , N. Paul , E. Bilhah , O. Stephen 
Published: February 2023

Renewable biofuels are required as a substitute to fossil-derived transport fuels, which are of limited availability and contribute to global warming. Microalgae are a potential source of renewable energy, and they can be converted into energy such as biodiesel. The aim of this study was optimization of microalgae cultivation conditions in a Flat Plate Photobioreactor (FPPBR) for biodiesel production at pilot scale using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The simulations were done at photon flux density of 70, 95 and 120 µmolphotonsm-2s-1 growth rates of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 h-1 and biomass concentration of 2, 2.5 and 3 gL-1. Design expert software was used to generate the experimental design, statistical analysis, and regression models. The results showed that the optimum point for growing microalgae in a FPPBR with RSM method can be achieved at photon flux density of 70 µmolphotonsm-2s-1, growth rate of 0.3 h-1 and biomass concentration of 3 gL-1. On the other hand, optimum point with GA method can also be obtained at 70 µmolphotonsm-2s-1, growth rate of 0.3 h-1 and biomass concentration of 3 gL-1. These results show that GA and RSM can be effectively used to optimize the cultivation conditions of microalgae in photobioreactors. Validation of the model should be done by physical experiments and further research should be done to improve the model and simultaneously study more regressor variables.
OPTIMAL MIX RATIO, TOTAL SOLIDS AND ORGANIC LOADING RATES FOR ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Authors: C. M. Sheila , O. O. Booker , M. N. Daudi 
Published: February 2023

Biogas technology is a sustainable and valid alternative to fossil fuels. It reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and can enhance energy security. pH, temperature, retention time, particle size, volatile solid content, inoculums, mix ratios (MR), total solid (TS) and organic loading rate (OLR) are among the factors that influence biogas production. Some studies have been done to determine optimal values of these factors for various feedstocks. The aim of this work was to determine the dependency of mix ratios (MR), total solids (TS) and organic loading rate (OLR) and their corresponding optimal values during anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung (CD), pig (PM) and sheep manure (SM). Tests were done using a 0.15m3 fixed dome laboratory reactor under a constant temperature of 35±1℃, 20 days operation period and gas yield was measured using water displacement method. A mix ratio of 1:1:2 (CD: PG: SM) lead with yield rate of 1.707m3/m3day followed by 3:1:3 with 1.300, then 1:1:3 with 0.782 and lastly 1:0:0 with 0.314m3/m3day. These values were significantly different at α=0.05 (LSD=0.392). There was an increase in biogas yield as TS increases from 6 to 8% followed by a decrease from 8% to 12%. Mean gas yields for 6, 8, 10 and 12% TS were 0.782, 0.644, 0.511 and 0.301m3/m3day respectively. TS 6 and 8%, 6 and 10%, 10 and 12 % were not significantly different from at α=0.05 but for 8 and 10% and 8 and 12% were significantly different (LSD=0.212). The biogas production rate for 1, 2, 3 and 4kgVS/m3day OLR were 0.599, 0.671, 0.769 and 0.386m3/m3day respectively. Mean yields for 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4 and 2 and 3kgVS/m3day were not significantly different at α=5% but for 3 and 4, 2 and 4kg/m3day were significantly different (LSD=0.2417). It was then concluded that 1:1:3, 3:1:3 and 1:1:2 resulted in an increase in biogas production rate of 0.468, 0.986, and 1.393 respectively compared to pure cow dung. There was a 21.43% increase in biogas yield as TS increases from 6 to 8% followed by a 61.48% decrease from 8% to 12%. Increasing loading rate from 1-3kg VS/m3 resulted in 29% increase in biogas production rate and further increase from 3 to 4 kg VS/m3 day decreases biogas production rate by 50%. Mix ratio of 1:1:2, TS 6 and 8% and OLR 2 and 3kgVS/m3day were then recommended.
Comparison of the efficacy of one, two, and third doses of BNT162b2 in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and diabetes against COVID-19
Authors: Jaber Saif Aldeen , Saadh Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on human health around the world. Given the speed of the spread of the disease and its impact on people’s lives, different countries including Jordan issued approval for the emergency use of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 for COVID-19. This respiratory disease has led to an increased risk of complications and significant mortality in patients with pre-existing medical conditions such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended for people with chronic diseases to reduce the risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. The BNT162b2 vaccine has shown high efficacy in healthy adults. The results of our study suggest a high efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular after the second and third doses compared to the first dose of the vaccine. Vaccine efficacy for the third dose was similar to that for the third dose while the effectiveness did not change between the first, second, and third doses in respiratory diseases.
In conclusion, receiving second and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and hospitalization compared with the first dose. Unfortunately, the efficacy of the first, second, and third doses was similar in respiratory patients.
Godard et l’archive
Authors: Vergnioux Alain 
Published: February 2023

Le cinéma de Godard est traversé par une question : quels rapports les images entretiennent-elles avec l’histoire ? De sorte qu’il se caractérise par un incessant travail d’archivage, de l’histoire du cinéma, de la grande histoire et de sa propre histoire, depuis ses premiers films au monument final des Histoire(s) du cinéma .
« J’ai été éduqué à mort ». Lire Mars de Fritz Zorn
Authors: Statius Pierre 
Published: February 2023

Il s’agit, dans ce texte, de lire le livre extraordinaire de Fritz Zorn Mars , afin de mieux comprendre notamment ce qui se dissimule sous l’expression d’une « éducation à mort ». Le texte de Zorn ressortit pour partie à la rhétorique antimoderne. Mais il est aussi porteur d’une vision nietzschéenne de la volonté de puissance qu’il convient d’interpréter. Il sera donc question à la fois de maladie, de mort, de renaissance et de joie. J’ajoute enfin que ce livre, lu dans mon adolescence, me hante depuis plus de quarante années, la dimension personnelle n’est donc pas absente de ce texte de facture universitaire.
Coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations in patients with dengue-A single center observational study
Authors: Patel Govind R. , Thanvi Indu , Nadeem Mohammad , Kanwaria Rahul 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To evaluate coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations among patients with dengue.

Methods:
This observational study was conducted on 292 adult dengue patients who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Western India from July 2021 to June 2022. Coagulation tests including prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, and D-dimer were performed. Patients were monitored for bleeding manifestations.

Results:
Coagulation abnormalities were reported in 42.8% of the patients. Overall, prolonged aPTT was the most common coagulation abnormality (40.8%), followed by low fibrinogen (38.7%), raised D-dimer (31.2%), raised INR (26.0%) and prolonged PT (19.2%). Bleeding manifestations were present in 19.9% patients. PT, INR, aPTT and D-dimer levels were significantly higher (P<0.01) and fibrinogen level was significantly lower (P<0.001) in patients with bleeding compared to patients without bleeding. Patients with bleeding had a significantly higher rate of all coagulation abnormalities than patients without bleeding (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Patients with bleeding showed a significantly higher frequency of coagulation abnormalities compared to patients without bleeding. Patients with dengue should be assessed for coagulation abnormalities.
Comparative evaluation of visual analogue scale and pupillary diameter for post-operative pain: An observational study
Authors: Shukla Bharat Bhushan , Malviya Deepak , Kumar Sumit , Misra Shilpi , Kumar Suraj , Parashar Samiksha 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
An objective understanding of pain guides the effectiveness of various postoperative pain management strategies. The measurement of pain by the visual analogue scale (VAS) is dependent on the individual’s cognitive and emotional ability. Pupillary dilatation has been successfully used to measure pain in quantitative terms. The present study was conducted to study the correlation between VAS and pupillary diameter in the evaluation of postoperative pain.

Methods:
This observational study was carried out on 85 patients 18–65 years of age, scheduled for lower abdominal surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. Postoperative pain assessment was done using the VAS at 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h. In addition, the pupillary diameter of both eyes was measured simultaneously. Paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the data, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the bivariate correlation between VAS score and pupillary diameter.

Results:
Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of VAS scores at baseline, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h postoperatively were 0, 4.88 ± 0.88, 3.39 ± 0.86, 2.19 ± 0.66 and 1.40 ± 0.49, respectively. Mean change was significant at all time intervals (P < 0.001). The mean ± SD change in average pupillary diameter was 0.59 ± 0.64, 0.44 ± 0.54, 0.22 ± 0.34 and 0.07 ± 0.22 mm, respectively, showing a significant change from baseline (P < 0.05). On overall evaluation, mean pupillary diameter showed a significant incremental trend with an increasing VAS score (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Change in pupillary diameter correlated well with the pain scores (VAS) and thus pupillary diameter can be chosen as an objective measurement of postoperative pain severity.
Study of foetomaternal outcomes in COVID-19 afflicted parturients who underwent operative delivery - A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yadav Sandeep K. , Nath Soumya S. , Singh Neetu , Parashar Samiksha , Mishra Smarika , Malviya Deepak 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Parturients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are increasingly presenting for operative delivery. The aim of this study was to outline the foetomaternal outcome in COVID-19-afflicted pregnant women who underwent lower segment caeserean section (LSCS).

Methods:
Data of all COVID-19 positive pregnant females who underwent caesarean section surgery between 1 April and 30 June 2021 was collected. Clinical parameters, including oxygen requirement, laboratory investigations, treatment measures, complications, length of hospital and intensive care unit/neonatal intensive care unit stay, and outcome of parturients and neonates, were collected and analysed. All patients were followed up either during their visits to the obstetric outpatient department or by making phone calls between 1 and 2 months of discharge. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software 16.0 was used for analysis. Independent group t-test or Mann–Whitney test was used for mean of continuous data. Chi-square test or Fisher’s test was used for proportion of categorical data. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
A total of 71 parturients delivered by caesarean section. 36.51% had mild COVID-19, and 87.5% had moderate COVID-19 at admission. One each with mild and moderate disease expired. The median (interquartile range) length of hospital stay was 7 (5–5.9) days for those with mild disease, and it was significantly longer for those with the moderate disease at 14 (9.5–17.5) days. Our study found that after a mean of 41.72 days of follow-up, of the 69 surviving mothers, 17 complained of fatigue, five complained of myalgia and one needed intermittent supplemental oxygen. Out of 74 babies born, seven died, which is 94.6 per 1000 live births.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 parturients delivered by LSCS stand a higher risk of maternal and neonatal mortality and adverse effects, including more hospital stay and increased mortality.
Pharmacological interventions for reducing catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anaesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramesh Roopesh , Mittal Ankur , Agrawal Sanjay 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) is identified as a major concern after surgery as it can lead to increased morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. A suitable agent to prevent and treat postoperative CRBD is not yet established, and the literature is scarce in this regard. So, we aimed to find the efficacy of various drugs in preventing CRBD after elective surgery.

Methods:
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the study, and electronic databases like PubMed Central, Cochrane database and Embase were searched. The methodological quality of selected studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The meta-analysis revealed that antimuscarinic agents were able to lower the incidence of CRBD significantly at 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours and 6 hours (P < 0.01) after the surgery. Tramadol was effective at 1 hour, 2 hours and 6 hours postoperatively (P < 0.01), whereas ketamine was effective at 2 and 6 hours (P < 0.01) postoperatively. Antiepileptic drugs (pregabalin and gabapentin) were able to lower the incidence of CRBD at 0 hour (P < 0.01), 1 hour (P < 0.05), 2 hours (P < 0.05) and 6 hours (P < 0.01) postoperatively while dexmedetomidine at 0 hour (P < 0.01) and 2 hours (P < 0.01) after the surgery. Injections paracetamol, amikacin and diphenhydramine were also shown to reduce the incidence of CRBD in separate randomised controlled trials.

Conclusion:
The current meta-analysis showed that antimuscarinic agents, tramadol, pregabalin, gabapentin, paracetamol and dexmedetomidine are effective in significantly reducing the incidence of postoperative CRBD.
A comparative study of clinical effects and recovery characteristics of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion with ketamine versus fentanyl as adjuvants in general anaesthesia
Authors: Lodhi Mehershre , Sulakshana Sulakshana , Singh Anil P. , Gupta Bikram K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion decreases the concurrent anaesthetic and analgesic requirement. However, because of slow onset and offset, it is often used with other drugs. Opioids have a depressant effect on the cardiorespiratory system while ketamine has the opposite pharmacodynamics. Hence, it was hypothesised that ketamine will have a better intraoperative haemodynamic profile compared to fentanyl. This study compared the clinical effects and recovery characteristics of ketamine versus fentanyl when used as an adjuvant along with dexmedetomidine infusion intraoperatively.

Methods:
A total of 80 patients (18-60 years) undergoing major surgeries were divided into two groups: Group (D + K) received an intraoperative infusion of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg/h, while group (D + F) received fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg/h along with intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg/h. Intraoperative heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were recorded at 0 min, 10 min of induction, and thereafter every 30 min throughout the procedure. Ramsay sedation score (RSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were measured at the end of the surgery, at 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours.

Results:
Reduction in HR and mean blood pressure was more with a tendency of developing hypotension in the fentanyl group compared to the ketamine group. Post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, need for muscle relaxant and VAS score for pain were also significantly lesser in the ketamine group.

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine with ketamine provided better haemodynamic stability and reduced PACU stay compared to dexmedetomidine with fentanyl.
Recovery time in target controlled infusion versus manual infusion of propofol in total intravenous anaesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography procedure using laryngeal mask airway-gastro: A randomised comparative study
Authors: Sahu Ayushi , Tripathy Debendra Kumar , Gupta Bhavna , Talawar Praveen , Gupta Rohit 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
This study aimed to compare manual infusion versus target-controlled infusion (TCI) in total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) utilising laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-gastro during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) procedures.

Methods:
This was a single-blind randomised trial. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. TCI group included 27 patients, where TCI of propofol was implemented with the Schnider pharmacokinetic model driven by a computer-controlled syringe pump. The TIVA group included 27 patients with a loading dose of 2 mg/kg of propofol, followed by manual infusion of 15 mg/kg/h for the first 15 min, 13 mg/kg/h for the next 15 min, then 11 mg/kg/h for 30 min and 10 mg/kg/h for 60 min and finally maintained at 9 mg/kg/h. The primary objective was to compare recovery time following cessation of propofol infusion in both groups. The difference in the total dose of propofol, time to achieve anaesthesia induction, first attempt success rate, ease of LMA-gastro insertion, ease of insertion, success rate of endoscope device and post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge time were the secondary objectives. T-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The time required for the recovery was significantly less in the TCI group than in the TIVA group (mean ± standard deviation; 11.60 ± 2.27 versus 15.4 ± 3.25 minutes, P < 0.001). The duration of ERCP, ease of LMA and endoscope insertion were comparable between the groups. There was no post-operative recall of intra-operative events in the groups.

Conclusion:
TCI offers earlier recovery than TIVA in patients undergoing ERCP procedures using LMA-gastro.
Intubation characteristics using modified USB videolaryngoscope: A prospective, randomised study
Authors: Ali Qazi E. , Nisanth N S , Amir Syed H. , Rahat Asma 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Videolaryngoscopes with varying characteristics with regard to angulation of blades and video configurations are now available. However, the contribution of each of these in improving ease of intubation is quite different. We evaluated the role of video camera in the performance of laryngoscopy by using the universal serial bus (USB) videolaryngoscope in patients with predicted difficult airway.

Methods:
Sixty patients in the age group of 25 to 65 years having Mallampati grade III or IV were randomly allocated to two groups. All patients were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grade I or II and planned for elective surgical procedure under general anesthesia. USB videolaryngoscope or Macintosh laryngoscope was used for intubation as per group allotted. Comparison of time of endotracheal intubation was our primary outcome measure and it was calculated from the time the laryngoscope tip passes the incisors to the initial appearance of capnography wave. Rate of successful intubation, number of attempts needed for successful tube placement, optimisation manoeuvres used, changes in haemodynamic parameters and airway injuries were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

Results:
Time for intubation was shorter in the Macintosh group than the USB group (P = 0.024). The incidence of successful intubation was similar in both groups (P = 0.079). USB group required lesser number of attempts for tube placement (P = 0.047). The incidence of airway injuries was similar in both the groups.

Conclusion:
USB videolaryngoscope reduces the number of attempts required for successful endotracheal intubation compared to Macintosh laryngoscope though it increases the time for intubation in patients with predicted difficult airway.