bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAZOXANE FOR CROHN'S COLITIS AND NON‐SPECIFIC PROCTITIS
Authors: Kingston R D , Hellman K 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYOral razoxane 125 mg daily brought active Crohn's disease into remission when used alone and mainly on an out‐patient basis in all nine patients studied. Remissions took several months to achieve, but no relapses have occurred on treatment and no surgery has been necessary in any of the patients.In the two patients with active non‐specific proctitis, oral razoxane 125 mg daily rapidly controlled the condition. Apart from mild bone marrow toxicity in one patient, no other acute toxicity has occurred and no long‐term side‐effects have been observed.
THE PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION AMONG GYNAECOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Edet E E 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis infection in the population screened, at All Saints Hospital in Chatham between 1988 and 1990, was 6.3%. The main risk factors for cervical chlamydia infections in gynaecological patients were found to be an age less than 25, low socioeconomic status, and exposure to other sexually transmitted diseases.More research is needed to elucidate the factors that contribute to the differences in sociodemographic characteristics of this disease. Meanwhile it is clear that public health intervention is crucial to its control. The disease is frequently asymptomatic and occurs often in a population that is not seen routinely in standard STD outreach efforts. Furthermore, the chlamydia prone population is only moderately successful at referring sexual partners.
A DOUBLE‐BUND CROSSOVER TRIAL OF ATENOLOL, ENALAPRIL AND THE FIXED COMBINATION OF ATENOLOL AND NIFEDIPINE IN MILD AND MODERATE HYPERTENSION
Authors: Jackson Graham , Thirkettle J L , Taylor D J E , Jackson P Gordon , Brennand‐Roper D , Vella R , Manivannan A , Flora H K , Gupta S , Chapman C M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYSixty‐three patients with mild to moderate hypertension completed a double‐blind, randomised crossover trial of atenolol 100 mg daily, enalapril 20 mg daily and the fixed combination atenolol 50 mg and nifedipine retard 20 mg (Tenif) once daily. In the three areas of efficacy that the study compared – 24‐hour post dose blood pressure, control of blood pressure over the dosing period with particular reference to the waking day and attenuation of systolic blood pressure on exercise – atenolol and the fixed combination demonstrated greater efficacy than enalapril.
THYROTOXICOSIS PRESENTING AS A LIFE THREATENING HYPOKALAEMIC PARALYSIS: INVESTIGATION OF THE Na/K PUMP IN ISOLATED LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Chronos N , Mendel P , Ozin R L 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA 37‐year‐old Chinese man presented with the rapid onset of profound muscle weakness, and a serum potassium of 1.7 mmol/l. The intravenous infusion of undiluted potassium chloride (2 mmol/ml) through a central venous catheter resulted in rapid recovery. Further investigation revealed thyrotoxicosis. He was treated with carbimazole and subsequently remained well. We assessed Na/K pump activity in isolated leucocytes taken from the patient and found an exaggerated response to adrenaline which ceased after he became euthyroid.
Analysis of patch testing results in patients with contact dermatitis in Istanbul, Turkey, from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Ünal Alkım 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) differ between populations. They can even change over the years with the effect of environmental factors.AimsTo evaluate the results of patch testing performed in our center.MethodsIn this study, the thin‐layer rapid‐use epicutaneous (T.R.U.E.) test results of patients with a diagnosis of ACD between 2012 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsIn 431 (42.5%) of the total 1012 patients, a positive reaction to at least one allergen was detected in the patch test. Allergen positivity was most detected for nickel sulphate (16.8%), gold sodium thiosulfate (GST) (6.9%), thimerosal (4.2%), fragrance mix (3.4%), carba mix (3.2%), and cobalt dichloride (2.9%). Nickel sulfate and GST sensitivity was found to be significantly higher in women, fragrance mix sensitivity in men, thimerosal sensitivity in individuals aged under 40 years, colophony and balsam of Peru sensitivity in head and neck dermatitis, and carba mix and thiuram mix sensitivity in atopic individuals.ConclusionsThis study presents comprehensive data from Turkey concerning the sensitivity frequencies for allergens included in the T.R.U.E. test.
Advanced wireless monitoring for children in the cardiac perioperative setting
Authors: Chen Hope , Soetikno Alan , Xu Shuai , Suresh Santhanam , Walter Jessica R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionMore than 40,000 children undergo surgical interventions annually for the treatment of congenital heart defects. Intraoperative and postoperative vital sign monitoring is a cornerstone of pediatric care.MethodsA single‐arm prospective observational study was performed. Pediatric patients undergoing a procedure with a planned admission to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Lurie Children's Hospital (Chicago, IL) were eligible for enrollment. Participant vital signs were monitored using standard equipment and an FDA‐cleared experimental device (ANNE®) consisting of a wireless patch positioned at the suprasternal notch and index finger or foot. The primary goal of the study was to assess real‐world feasibility of wireless sensors in pediatric patients with congenital cardiac defects.ResultsA total of 13 patients were enrolled, ranging in age from 4 months to 16 years with a median age of 4 years. Overall, 54% (n = 7) were female and the most common anomaly in the cohort was an atrial septal defect (n = 6). The mean admission length was 3 days (range 2‐6), resulting in more than 1000 h of vital sign monitoring (⟩60,000 data points). Bland–Altman plots were generated for heart rate and respiratory rate to assess beat‐to‐beast differences between the standard equipment and the experimental sensors.ConclusionsNovel, wireless, flexible sensors demonstrated comparable performance to standard monitoring equipment in a cohort of pediatric patients with congenital cardiac heart defects undergoing surgery.
Shock waves as treatment of mouse myofascial trigger points
Authors: Monclús Pol , Bosque Marc , Margalef Ramón , Colomina M. Teresa , Valderrama‐Canales Francisco J. , Just Laia , Santafé Manel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAn abnormal increase in spontaneous neurotransmission can induce subsynaptic knots in the myocyte called myofascial trigger points. The treatment of choice is to destroy these trigger points by inserting needles. However, 10% of the population has a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify the usefulness of shock waves in the treatment of myofascial trigger points.MethodsTwo groups of mice have been developed for this: healthy muscles treated with shock waves; trigger points affected muscles artificially generated with neostigmine and subsequently treated with shock waves. Muscles were stained with methylene blue, PAS‐Alcian Blue, and labeling the axons with fluorescein and the acetylcholine receptors with rhodamine. Using intracellular recording the frequency of miniature endplate potentials (mEPPs) was recorded and endplate noise was recorded with electromyography.ResultsNo healthy muscles treated with shock waves showed injury. Twitch knots in mice previously treated with neostigmine disappeared after shock wave treatment. Several motor axonal branches were retracted. On the other hand, shock wave treatment reduces the frequency of mEPPs and the number of areas with endplate noise.DiscussionShock waves seem to be a suitable treatment for myofascial trigger points. In the present study, with a single session of shock waves, very relevant results have been obtained, both functional (normalization of spontaneous neurotransmission) and morphological (disappearance of myofascial trigger points). Patients with a phobia of needles, blood, or injuries who cannot benefit from dry needling may turn to noninvasive radial shock wave treatment.
Rice ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a
Authors: Liu Jianping , Nie Bo , Yu Boling , Xu Feiyun , Zhang Qian , Wang Ya , Xu Weifeng 
Published: April 2023

SummaryUbc13 is required for Lys63‐linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13‐RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22‐ and chitin‐induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence‐related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non‐fermenting‐1‐related protein kinase‐1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13‐RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63‐linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild‐type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase‐encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re‐interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13‐RNAi line (Ri‐3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri‐3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a.
Comparative proteomic and physiological analyses reveal tribenuron‐methyl phytotoxicity and nontarget‐site resistance mechanisms in Brassica napus
Authors: Hu Maolong , Zhang Hongkun , Kong Lingna , Ma Juanjuan , Wang Ting , Lu Xinyu , Guo Yue , Zhang Jiefu , Guan Rongzhan , Chu Pu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe application of herbicides is the most effective strategy for weed control and the development of herbicide‐resistant crops will facilitate the weed management. The acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicide, tribenuron‐methyl (TBM), is broadly used for weed control. However, its application in rapeseed field is restricted since rapeseed is sensitive to TBM. Herein, an integrated study of cytological, physiological and proteomic analysis of the TBM‐resistant rapeseed mutant M342 and its wild‐type (WT) plants was conducted. After TBM spraying, M342 showed improved tolerance to TBM, and proteins implicated in non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides had a significantly higher level in M342 as compared with the WT. Differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between these two genotypes were enriched in glutathione metabolism and oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process, which protected the mutant from oxidative stress triggered by TBM. Important DAPs related to stress or defence response were up‐accumulated in M342 regardless of the TBM treatment, which might serve as the constitutive part of NTSR to TBM. These results provide new clues for further exploration of the NTSR mechanism in plants and establish a theoretical basis for the development of herbicide‐resistant crops.
An attempt at a general solution to the problem of deviant causal chains
Authors: Ward Shane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeviant causal chain problems arise in many settings. The most famous instance of the problem is the Gettier problem, but the problem also arises in the philosophy of action and perception. Usually, attempts to tackle these problems try to solve them individually. This paper takes a different approach: I propose a general solution to the problem. I begin by providing a solution to the deviant causal chain problem for skillful performance, and I argue that the solution can be extended to solve the Gettier problem and the deviant causal chain problems for perception and intentional action. As I develop my solution to these problems, I also compare it with other solutions to bring out the advantages of my approach. I then explain why the solution generalizes: my solution provides us with an analysis of disposition manifestation, which is the key to ruling out deviance. I conclude by considering objections and giving my replies.
Political ideology shapes risk and benefit judgments of COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Rubaltelli Enrico , Dickert Stephan , Markowitz David M. , Slovic Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn April 2021, the use of the Johnson & Johnson COVID‐19 vaccine was paused to investigate whether it had caused serious blood clots to a small number of women (six out of 6.8 million Americans who had been administered that vaccine). As these events were unfolding, we surveyed a sample of Americans (N = 625) to assess their reactions to this news, whether they supported the pausing of the vaccine, and potential psychological factors underlying their decision. In addition, we employed automated text analyses as a supporting method to more classical quantitative measures. Results showed that political ideology influenced the support for the pausing of the vaccine; liberals were more likely to oppose it than conservatives. In addition, the effect of political ideology was mediated by the difference between perceived benefit and risk and the language style used to produce reasons in support (or against) the decision to pause the vaccine. Liberals perceived the benefit of vaccines higher than the risk, used a more analytic language style when stating their reasons, and had a more positive attitude toward the vaccine. We discuss the implications of our findings considering vaccine hesitancy and risk perception during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Diagnosing early-onset neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings: development of a multivariable prediction model
Authors: Neal Samuel R , Fitzgerald Felicity , Chimhuya Simba , Heys Michelle , Cortina-Borja Mario , Chimhini Gwendoline 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a clinical prediction model to diagnose neonatal sepsis in low-resource settings.DesignSecondary analysis of data collected by the Neotree digital health system from 1 February 2019 to 31 March 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression with candidate predictors identified from expert opinion and literature review. Missing data were imputed using multivariate imputation and model performance was evaluated in the derivation cohort.SettingA tertiary neonatal unit at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital, Zimbabwe.PatientsWe included 2628 neonates aged <72 hours, gestation ≥32+0weeks and birth weight ≥1500 g.InterventionsParticipants received standard care as no specific interventions were dictated by the study protocol.Main outcome measuresClinical early-onset neonatal sepsis (within the first 72 hours of life), defined by the treating consultant neonatologist.ResultsClinical early-onset sepsis was diagnosed in 297 neonates (11%). The optimal model included eight predictors: maternal fever, offensive liquor, prolonged rupture of membranes, neonatal temperature, respiratory rate, activity, chest retractions and grunting. Receiver operating characteristic analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.74 (95% CI 0.70–0.77). For a sensitivity of 95% (92%–97%), corresponding specificity was 11% (10%–13%), positive predictive value 12% (11%–13%), negative predictive value 95% (92%–97%), positive likelihood ratio 1.1 (95% CI 1.0–1.1) and negative likelihood ratio 0.4 (95% CI 0.3–0.6).ConclusionsOur clinical prediction model achieved high sensitivity with low specificity, suggesting it may be suited to excluding early-onset sepsis. Future work will validate and update this model before considering implementation within the Neotree.
Sex differences in the association between diabetes and depressive symptoms: findings from Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018–2019
Authors: Carrillo-Balam Gabriela , Li Yu-Mei , Silverman-Retana Omar 
Published: April 2023

AimsWe set out to investigate the potential sex differences in the association between diabetes and depressive symptoms by conducting an interaction analysis, and to investigate whether sex mediates the effect of diabetes on depressive symptoms.MethodsWe conducted analyses on cross-sectional data of adults aged 20 years or older in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018–2019 (ENSANUT 2018–2019). Diabetes was defined by self-reported medical diagnosis, and depressive symptoms were measured using the seven-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. First, an unadjusted interaction analysis was conducted. Second, the inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to account for imbalances and biases. Third, the four-way decomposition method was used to estimate the potential mediating effect of sex.ResultsIn the study population (N=43 074), the prevalence of diabetes was 9.3% for men and 11.7% for women. Depressive symptoms were more prevalent in women (19.0%) than in men (9.5%). Women with diabetes had the greatest odds of having depressive symptoms, compared with men without diabetes (ORwomen-diabetes3.49 (95% CI: 3.16 to 3.86)). The interaction analysis indicated that diabetes and sex interact on both, multiplicative and additive scales (ratio of ORs (95% CI) 1.22 (1.02 to 1.45), and relative excess risk due to interaction (95% CI) 0.99 (0.63 to 1.36)). The four-way decomposition analysis showed that the interaction effect between diabetes and sex is larger than the mediation effect.ConclusionsWe found a positive interaction between diabetes and sex in the odds of having depressive symptoms. Mental health and diabetes care services planning would benefit from adopting a sex-informed approach.
Adiponectin Gene Polymorphisms and Possible Susceptibility to Metabolic Syndrome among the Sudanese Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Mosad Altaf S. , Elfadil Ghada A. , Gassoum Alsadig , Elamin Khanssa M. , Husain Nazik Elmalaika Obaid Seid Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Background and Aim. The adiponectin gene (ADIPQ) has been identified as a human adiposity marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in several ethnic cultures. This study aimed to determine the allelic genotypes and haplotypes distribution of the ADIPQ gene polymorphisms and its association with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile in MetS adult Sudanese patients. Methodology. Four hundred and twenty middle-aged adults participated in this community-based case-control research. BMI (kg/m2) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. HbA1c (%) and lipid profile evaluation was performed on fasting blood samples. The guanidine extraction procedure was used to extract genomic DNA from EDTA whole blood by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP); samples were genotyped for the polymorphisms (rs266729), (rs2241766), and (rs1501299). Results. There is a significant difference in genotypic frequencies of the rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299 SNPs and allele frequencies

P

<
0.05

between the MetS patients and non-MetS group. MetS patients had a significantly higher serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the GG genotype of rs2241766

P

<
0.05

. Additionally; the TT genotype of rs1501299 had higher SBP, serum TG, TC, and LDL-C

P

<
0.05

. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed hypertension, hyperglycemia, BMI, WC, serum TG, ADIPOQ rs2241766 (TG allele), and ADIPOQ rs1501299 (GT allele) had independently predicted the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the Sudanese population. The three investigated SNPs of ADIPOQ were in a moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) connection according to the LD measures (D' = 0.54, 0.62, and 0.69, respectively). The CTT, CGG, and GTG haplotypes, which consist of three alleles of −11377C > G, +45T > G, and +276G > T, were shown to report 1.788-, 1.622,- and 1.641-fold risks toward MetS susceptibility in Sudanese’s population, respectively. Conclusion. Along with clinical and biochemical signs, the ADIPOQ gene’s genetic variants (rs266729, rs2241766, and rs1501299), CTT, CGG, and GTG haplotypes are connected to the MetS risk among the Sudanese population.
Chi3l1 Is a Modulator of Glioma Stem Cell States and a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma
Authors: Guetta-Terrier Charlotte , Karambizi David , Akosman Bedia , Zepecki John P. , Chen Jia-Shu , Kamle Suchitra , Fajardo J. Eduardo , Fiser Andras , Singh Ritambhara , Toms Steven A. , Lee Chun Geun , Elias Jack A. , Tapinos Nikos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Chitinase 3–like 1 (Chi3l1) is a secreted protein that is highly expressed in glioblastoma. Here, we show that Chi3l1 alters the state of glioma stem cells (GSC) to support tumor growth. Exposure of patient-derived GSCs to Chi3l1 reduced the frequency of CD133+SOX2+ cells and increased the CD44+Chi3l1+ cells. Chi3l1 bound to CD44 and induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, Akt, and STAT3. Single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA velocity following incubation of GSCs with Chi3l1 showed significant changes in GSC state dynamics driving GSCs towards a mesenchymal expression profile and reducing transition probabilities towards terminal cellular states. ATAC-seq revealed that Chi3l1 increases accessibility of promoters containing a Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) transcription factor footprint. Inhibition of MAZ downregulated a set of genes with high expression in cellular clusters that exhibit significant cell state transitions after treatment with Chi3l1, and MAZ deficiency rescued the Chi3L-induced increase of GSC self-renewal. Finally, targeting Chi3l1 in vivo with a blocking antibody inhibited tumor growth and increased the probability of survival. Overall, this work suggests that Chi3l1 interacts with CD44 on the surface of GSCs to induce Akt/β-catenin signaling and MAZ transcriptional activity, which in turn upregulates CD44 expression in a pro-mesenchymal feed-forward loop. The role of Chi3l1 in regulating cellular plasticity confers a targetable vulnerability to glioblastoma.

Significance:
Chi3l1 is a modulator of glioma stem cell states that can be targeted to promote differentiation and suppress growth of glioblastoma.