bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA High-Level Data Products: submillimetre counterparts of SDSS quasars in the ALMA footprint
Authors: Wong A , Hatziminaoglou E , Borkar A , Popping G , Pérez-Fournon I , Poidevin F , Stoehr F , Messias H 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is the world’s most advanced radio interferometric facility, producing science data with an average rate of about 1 TB per day. After a process of calibration, imaging and quality assurance, the scientific data are stored in the ALMA Science Archive (ASA), along with the corresponding raw data, making the ASA an invaluable resource for original astronomical research. Due to their complexity, each ALMA data set has the potential for scientific results that go well beyond the ideas behind the original proposal that led to each observation. For this reason, the European ALMA Regional Centre initiated the High-Level Data Products initiative to develop science-oriented data products derived from data sets publicly available in the ASA, that go beyond the formal ALMA deliverables. The first instance of this initiative is the creation of a catalogue of submillimetre (submm) detections of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars from the SDSS Data Release 14 that lie in the aggregate ALMA footprint observed since ALMA Cycle 0. The ALMA fluxes are extracted in an automatic fashion, using the ALMA Data Mining Toolkit. All extractions above a signal-to-noise cut of 3.5 are considered, they have been visually inspected and the reliable detections are presented in a catalogue of 376 entries, corresponding to 275 unique quasars. Interesting targets found in the process, i.e. lensed or jetted quasars as well as quasars with nearby submm counterparts are highlighted, to facilitate further studies or potential follow up observations.
Testing black hole mimickers with the Event Horizon Telescope image of Sagittarius A*
Authors: Shaikh Rajibul 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently observed the image and shadow of the supermassive compact object Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). According to the EHT collaboration, the observed image is consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole. However, it is well-known that some non-Kerr objects may mimic many of the properties of the Kerr black hole, and hence, their shadows might be consistent with the observed shadow of Sgr A*. In this work, we consider two black hole mimickers and study their shadows. The first mimicker is a rotating generalization of the recently proposed static, spherically symmetric black-bounce space–time by Simpson and Visser where the central Schwarzschild singularity is replaced by a minimal surface. The second one is the γ-metric which is a static, axially-symmetric singular solution of the vacuum Einstein’s equations without an event horizon. We put constraint on the parameters of these black hole mimickers by comparing their shadows with the observed shadow of Sgr A*.
Constraints on f(T) cosmology with Pantheon+
Authors: Briffa Rebecca , Escamilla-Rivera Celia , Said Jackson Levi , Mifsud Jurgen 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
f(T) cosmology has shown promise in explaining aspects of cosmic evolution. In this work, we analyse constraints on leading models of f(T) gravity in the context of the recently released Pantheon+ data set, together with comparisons with previous releases. We also consider other late time data sets including cosmic chronometers and baryonic acoustic oscillation data. Our main result is that we find that the different f(T) models under investigation connect to a variety of Hubble constant, which may help alleviate the cosmic tension on this parameter.
H2CN/H2NC abundance ratio: a new potential temperature tracer for the interstellar medium
Authors: San Andrés D , Colzi L , Rivilla V M , García de la Concepción J , Melosso M , Martín-Pintado J , Jiménez-Serra I , Zeng S , Martín S , Requena-Torres M A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The H2NC radical is the high-energy metastable isomer of H2CN radical, which has been recently detected for the first time in the interstellar medium towards a handful of cold galactic sources, besides a warm galaxy in front of the PKS 1830−211 quasar. These detections have shown that the H2CN/H2NC isomeric ratio, likewise the HCN/HNC ratio, might increase with the kinetic temperature (Tkin), but the shortage of them in warm sources still prevents us from confirming this hypothesis and shedding light on their chemistry. In this work, we present the first detection of H2CN and H2NC towards a warm galactic source, the G+0.693−0.027 molecular cloud (with Tkin &gt; 70 K), using IRAM 30-m telescope observations. We have detected multiple hyperfine components of the $N_{K_\text{a}K_\text{c}} =$ 101–000 and 202–101 transitions. We derived molecular abundances with respect to H2 of (6.8 ± 1.3) × 10−11 for H2CN and of (3.1 ± 0.7) × 10−11 for H2NC, and an H2CN/H2NC abundance ratio of 2.2 ± 0.5. These detections confirm that the H2CN/H2NC ratio is ≳2 for sources with Tkin &gt; 70 K, larger than the ∼1 ratios previously found in colder cores (Tkin ∼ 10 K). This isomeric ratio dependence on temperature cannot be fully explained with the currently proposed gas-phase formation and destruction pathways. Grain surface reactions, including the H2NC → H2CN isomerization, deserve consideration to explain the higher isomeric ratios and H2CN abundances observed in warm sources, where the molecules can be desorbed into the gas phase through thermal and/or shock-induced mechanisms.
Early excess emission in Type Ia supernovae from the interaction between supernova ejecta and their circumstellar wind
Authors: Moriya Takashi J , Mazzali Paolo A , Ashall Chris , Pian Elena 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The effects of the interaction between Type Ia supernova ejecta and their circumstellar wind on the photometric properties of Type Ia supernovae are investigated. We assume that a hydrogen-rich, dense, and extended circumstellar matter (CSM) is formed by the steady mass-loss of their progenitor systems. The CSM density is assumed to be proportional to r−2. When the mass-loss rate is above 10−4 M⊙ yr−1 with a wind velocity of 100 km s−1, CSM interaction results in an early flux excess in optical light curves within 4 d of explosion. In these cases, the optical colour quickly evolves to the blue. The ultraviolet flux below 3000 Å is found to have a persistent flux excess compared to Type Ia supernovae as long as CSM interaction continues. Type Ia supernovae with progenitor mass-loss rates between 10−4 and 10−3 M⊙ yr−1 may not have a CSM that is dense enough to affect spectra to make them Type Ia CSM, but they may still result in Type Ia supernovae with an early optical flux excess. Because they have a persistent ultraviolet flux excess, ultraviolet light curves around the luminosity peak would be significantly different from those with a low-density CSM.
Population Genomics Provide Insights into the Evolution and Adaptation of the Asia Corn Borer
Authors: Peng Yan , Jin Minghui , Li Zhimin , Li Hongran , Zhang Lei , Yu Songmiao , Zhang Zhuting , Fan Ruyi , Liu Jimin , Xu Qi , Wilson Kenneth , Xiao Yutao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis of pest adaptive evolution and the risk of adaptation in response to climate change is essential for the development of sustainable agricultural practices. However, the genetic basis of climatic adaptation for the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis, the main pest of corn in Asia and Oceania, is poorly understood. Here, we revealed the genomic loci underlying the climatic adaptation and evolution in ACB by integrating population genomic and environmental factors. We assembled a 471-Mb chromosome-scale reference genome of ACB and resequenced 423 individuals covering 27 representative geographic areas. We inferred that the ACB effective population size changes tracked with the global temperature and followed by a recent decline. Based on an integrated analysis of whole-genome selection scans and genome-wide genotype–environment association studies, we revealed the genetic basis of ACB adaption to diverse climates. For diapause traits, we identified a major effect association locus containing a circadian clock gene (period) by analyzing a diapause-segregating population. Moreover, our predictions indicated that the northern populations were more ecologically resilient to climate change than the southern populations. Together, our results revealed the genomic basis for ACB environmental adaptation and provided potential candidate genes for future evolutionary studies and genetic adaptation to climate change, intending to maintain the efficacy and sustainability of novel control techniques.
The Trolley Problem in the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Paulo Norbert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In 2021, Germany passed the first law worldwide that regulates dilemma situations with autonomous cars. Against this background, this article investigates the permissibility of trade-offs between human lives in the context of self-driving cars. It does so by drawing on the debate about the traditional trolley problem. In contrast to most authors in the relevant literature, it argues that the debate about the trolley problem is both directly and indirectly relevant for the ethics of crashes with self-driving cars. Drawing on its direct normative relevance, the article shows that trade-offs are permissible in situations with self-driving cars that are similar to paradigmatic trolley cases. In scenarios that are unlike paradigmatic trolley cases, the debate about the trolley problem can have indirect normative relevance because it provides reasons against the use of moral theories and principles that cannot account for the trolley problem.
The differential crosstalk of the skin–gut microbiome axis as a new emerging actor in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Russo Edda , Bellando-Randone Silvia , Carboni Davide , Fioretto Bianca Saveria , Romano Eloisa , Baldi Simone , El Aoufy Khadija , Ramazzotti Matteo , Rosa Irene , Lepri Gemma , Di Gloria Leandro , Pallecchi Marco , Bruni Cosimo , Melchiorre Daniela , Guiducci Serena , Manetti Mirko , Bartolucci Gian Luca , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Amedei Amedeo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We characterized the microbiota in SSc, focusing on the skin–oral–gut axis and the serum and faecal free fatty acid (FFA) profile.

Methods
Twenty-five SSc patients with ACA or anti-Scl70 autoantibodies were enrolled. The microbiota of faecal, saliva and superficial epidermal samples was assessed through next-generation sequencing analysis. GC-MS was used to quantify faecal and serum FFAs. Gastrointestinal symptoms were investigated with the University of California Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Instrument (UCLA GIT-2.0) questionnaire.

Results
The ACA+ and anti-Scl70+ groups displayed different cutaneous and faecal microbiota profiles. The classes of cutaneous Sphingobacteriia and Alphaproteobacteria, the faecal phylum Lentisphaerae, the levels of the classes Lentisphaeria and Opitutae, and the genus NA-Acidaminococcaceae were significantly higher in faecal samples from the ACA+ patients than in samples from the anti-Scl70+ patients. The cutaneous Sphingobacteria and the faecal Lentisphaerae were significantly correlated (rho = 0.42; P = 0.03). A significant increase in faecal propionic acid was observed in ACA+ patients. Moreover, all levels of faecal medium-chain FFAs and hexanoic acids were significantly higher in the ACA+ group than in the anti-Scl70+ group (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). In the ACA+ group, the analysis of the serum FFA levels showed an increasing trend in valeric acid.

Conclusion
Different microbiota signatures and FFA profiles were found for the two groups of patients. Despite being in different body districts, the cutaneous Sphingobacteria and faecal Lentisphaerae appear interdependent.
Within, Between, and Beyond: A New Approach to Examining World Income Inequality
Authors: Clark Rob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
World income inequality is comprised of uneven development between states and unequal distribution within states. Recent work shows that the “between-country” component still accounts for a majority of the total, but that attention is shifting to the “within-country” portion, which is growing in both absolute and relative terms. What is less appreciated, though, is that the way income is distributed within countries also plays an indirect role in how income differences are recognized between them. When a nation’s income distribution is highly unequal, its mean income is substantially larger than the income of its average person, thereby masking a depreciation in living standards for those residing in the middle. The practical effect of this distortion is that poor, unequal countries seem wealthier than they really are when using mean incomes to represent country averages, as is typically done. I address this shortcoming in prior work by estimating between-country inequality using median incomes. My analysis covers the 1990–2017 period for 123 countries that represent over 90 percent of the world’s population. According to Theil’s T, I find that (a) inequality in median incomes is almost 15 percent higher than inequality in mean incomes, and that (b) median incomes are converging about 7.5 percent more slowly than mean incomes. This translates to a higher level of world income inequality, which is likewise converging at a slower rate. Overall, I find that the direct and indirect effects of national inequality are now responsible for about half of the world’s income inequality.
2Animal Studies
Authors: O’Key Dominic 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I survey, highlight, and critically reflect on recent work in animal studies, a field that continues to yield deeply researched scholarship and incisive works of critical and cultural theory, all in spite of its relative lack of institutional footholds. This is my first outing as a YWCCT reviewer, and so my ambition for this initial venture is modest. I wish, quite straightforwardly, to explore a handful of publications that caught my attention in 2022. I do not pretend to have a robust rationale for my criteria for inclusion. Instead, let me say that these are all publications that excited me in some way, that excited something in me, and that I believe will excite others too. I have divided the chapter into four sections: 1. ‘Living Machines of Imperialism’ examines two postcolonial animal histories, Saheed Aderinto’s Animality and Colonial Subjecthood in Africa and Jonathan Saha’s Colonizing Animals; 2. ‘I Dream of Dogs’ briefly considers Lydia Pyne’s Endlings before focusing on Margret Grebowicz’s short book of cultural critique on dog ownership, Rescue Me; 3. ‘The Gay Frog Is the Opposite of the Gay Penguin’ turns to recent issues of Humanimalia and Green Letters, and a special section of Environmental Humanities, co-edited by Sarah Bezan and Ina Linge; and 4. ‘Inside the Slaughterhouse’ looks at recent publications in the Palgrave Studies in Animals and Literature series, concentrating mostly on Sune Borkfelt’s Reading Slaughter. I end the chapter by reflecting on the links between these publications; I introduce my own monograph, Creaturely Forms in Contemporary Literature, to tie together the review’s key ideas. In all of this I have tried not to impose a grand narrative on the books reviewed, nor isolate them as symptoms of broader ideological tendencies. Yet if there is an argument here it is this: animal studies continues to remind us that human–animal relations are not natural, timeless, or inevitable. They are historical. They can be transformed.
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting and Confounder Missingness in Electronic Health Record-based Analyses: A Comparison of Approaches Using Plasmode Simulation
Authors: Vader Daniel T. , Mamtani Ronac , Li Yun , Griffith Sandra D. , Calip Gregory S. , Hubbard Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Electronic health record (EHR) data represent a critical resource for comparative effectiveness research, allowing investigators to study intervention effects in real-world settings with large patient samples. However, high levels of missingness in confounder variables is common, challenging the perceived validity of EHR-based investigations.

Methods:
We investigated performance of multiple imputation and propensity score (PS) calibration when conducting inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW)-based comparative effectiveness research using EHR data with missingness in confounder variables and outcome misclassification. Our motivating example compared effectiveness of immunotherapy versus chemotherapy treatment of advanced bladder cancer with missingness in a key prognostic variable. We captured complexity in EHR data structures using a plasmode simulation approach to spike investigator-defined effects into resamples of a cohort of 4361 patients from a nationwide deidentified EHR-derived database. We characterized statistical properties of IPTW hazard ratio estimates when using multiple imputation or PS calibration missingness approaches.

Results:
Multiple imputation and PS calibration performed similarly, maintaining ≤0.05 absolute bias in the marginal hazard ratio even when ≥50% of subjects had missing at random or missing not at random confounder data. Multiple imputation required greater computational resources, taking nearly 40 times as long as PS calibration to complete. Outcome misclassification minimally increased bias of both methods.

Conclusion:
Our results support multiple imputation and PS calibration approaches to missingness in missing completely at random or missing at random confounder variables in EHR-based IPTW comparative effectiveness analyses, even with missingness ≥50%. PS calibration represents a computationally efficient alternative to multiple imputation.
Novel technique for intraocular foreign body removal: Magnetized disposable microforceps. A systematic approach and first clinical result
Authors: Werner Jens Ulrich , Wolf Armin , Parlak Melih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To verify whether disposable microforceps can be magnetized to atraumatically attract and then grasp intraocular foreign bodies. An effective magnetization protocol was developed. The clinical relevance was tested and a first practical application performed.

Methods:
The magnetic flux density (MFD) of a bar magnet and an electromagnet was measured. Steel screws were used to determine the magnetization protocol. Disposable microforceps was magnetized, MFD generated at the tip measured and the weight that can be lifted was tested. Foreign body removal with such forceps was performed.

Results:
The electromagnet MFD was much higher than the bar magnet. The most effective magnetization protocol was to pass the screw from the end along the shaft and back over the electromagnet. Magnetized microforceps had a 7.12 mT change in MFD at the tip. Steel balls up to 87 mg could be lifted in BSS. In clinical use, the intraocular foreign body could be attracted and grasped safely.

Conclusions:
Disposable microforceps can be easily and inexpensively magnetized. The achievable MFD is clinically relevant to attract typical intraocular foreign bodies. An electromagnet is best suited for this purpose. With such prepared forceps, foreign bodies can be attracted atraumatically and grasped securely.
The Re-emergence of Syphilis Among Females of Reproductive Age and Congenital Syphilis in Victoria, Australia, 2010-2020: A Public Health Priority
Authors: Borg Sarah , Tenneti Naveen , Lee Alvin , Drewett George , Ivan Mihaela , Giles Michelle L. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Syphilis notifications in Victoria, Australia have been increasing over the past decade, with an increase in infectious syphilis (syphilis of less than two years duration) cases in females of reproductive age, and an associated re-emergence of congenital syphilis (CS). Prior to 2017 there had been two CS cases in the preceding 26 years. This study describes the epidemiology of infectious syphilis among females of reproductive age and CS in Victoria.

Methods
Routine surveillance data provided by mandatory Victorian syphilis case notifications were extracted and grouped into a descriptive analysis of infectious syphilis and CS incidence data from 2010-20.

Results
In 2020, infectious syphilis notifications in Victoria were approximately five times more than 2010 (n = 289 in 2010 to n = 1440 in 2020), with a more than seven-fold rise among females (n = 25 in 2010 to n = 186 in 2020). Females made up 29% (n = 60/209) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander notifications occurring between 2010-2020. Between 2017-2020, 67% of notifications in females (n = 456/678) were diagnosed in low-caseload clinics, at least 13% (n = 87/678) of all female notifications were known to be pregnant at diagnosis, and there were nine CS notifications.

Conclusions
Cases of infectious syphilis in females of reproductive age and CS are on the rise in Victoria, necessitating sustained public health action. Increasing awareness among individuals and clinicians, and health system strengthening, particularly targeting primary care where most females are diagnosed prior to pregnancy, is required. Treating infections before or promptly during pregnancy and undertaking partner notification and treatment to reduce risk of reinfection is critical to reducing CS cases.
Association of Pregnancy and HIV Status With Molecular-Bacterial Vaginosis in Indian Women
Authors: Tuddenham Susan , Shafiq Mehr , Mathad Jyoti S. , Alexander Mallika , Naik Shilpa , Kulkarni Vandana , Deshpande Prasad , Humphrys Mike S. , Holm Johanna B. , Khan Nawshaba , Yadana Su , Cheedalla Aneesha , Bhosale Ramesh , Ghanem Khalil G. , Wang Tian , Wang Shuang , Ma Bing , Ravel Jacques , Gupta Amita , Shivakoti Rupak 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent disorder of the cervicovaginal microbiota. Molecular-BV may put women at increased risk for adverse reproductive and obstetric outcomes. We investigated the association of HIV and pregnancy on the vaginal microbiota and associations with molecular-BV in women of reproductive age from Pune, India.

Setting:
We studied vaginal samples from N = 170 women, including N = 44 nonpregnant HIV seronegative, N = 56 pregnant seronegative, N = 47 nonpregnant women with HIV (WWH), and N = 23 pregnant WWH, and collected data on clinical, behavioral, and demographic factors.

Methods:
We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the composition of the vaginal microbiota. We classified the vaginal microbiota of these women into community state types based on bacterial composition and relative abundance and further categorized them into molecular-BV versus Lactobacillus-dominated states. To determine associations between pregnancy and HIV status with outcome of molecular-BV, logistic regression models were used.

Results:
There was a high prevalence of molecular-BV (30%) in this cohort. We found that pregnancy was associated with decreased odds of molecular-BV (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.87), while HIV was associated with increased odds of molecular-BV (adjusted OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.33 to 5.73), even when controlling for multiple relevant factors such as age, number of sexual partners, condom use, and douching.

Conclusion:
Larger and longitudinal studies are needed to further characterize molecular-BV and the vaginal microbiota in pregnant women and WWH and relate these factors to infectious, reproductive, and obstetric outcomes. In the long term, these studies may lead to novel microbiota-based therapeutics to improve women's reproductive and obstetric health.