bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding shortest and nearly shortest path nodes in large substantially incomplete networks by hyperbolic mapping
Authors: Kitsak Maksim , Ganin Alexander , Elmokashfi Ahmed , Cui Hongzhu , Eisenberg Daniel A. , Alderson David L. , Korkin Dmitry , Linkov Igor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDynamic processes on networks, be it information transfer in the Internet, contagious spreading in a social network, or neural signaling, take place along shortest or nearly shortest paths. Computing shortest paths is a straightforward task when the network of interest is fully known, and there are a plethora of computational algorithms for this purpose. Unfortunately, our maps of most large networks are substantially incomplete due to either the highly dynamic nature of networks, or high cost of network measurements, or both, rendering traditional path finding methods inefficient. We find that shortest paths in large real networks, such as the network of protein-protein interactions and the Internet at the autonomous system level, are not random but are organized according to latent-geometric rules. If nodes of these networks are mapped to points in latent hyperbolic spaces, shortest paths in them align along geodesic curves connecting endpoint nodes. We find that this alignment is sufficiently strong to allow for the identification of shortest path nodes even in the case of substantially incomplete networks, where numbers of missing links exceed those of observable links. We demonstrate the utility of latent-geometric path finding in problems of cellular pathway reconstruction and communication security.
Revised historical Northern Hemisphere black carbon emissions based on inverse modeling of ice core records
Authors: Eckhardt Sabine , Pisso Ignacio , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Zwaaftink Christine Groot , Plach Andreas , McConnell Joseph R. , Sigl Michael , Ruppel Meri , Zdanowicz Christian , Lim Saehee , Chellman Nathan , Opel Thomas , Meyer Hanno , Steffensen Jørgen Peder , Schwikowski Margit , Stohl Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBlack carbon emitted by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass has a net warming effect in the atmosphere and reduces the albedo when deposited on ice and snow; accurate knowledge of past emissions is essential to quantify and model associated global climate forcing. Although bottom-up inventories provide historical Black Carbon emission estimates that are widely used in Earth System Models, they are poorly constrained by observations prior to the late 20th century. Here we use an objective inversion technique based on detailed atmospheric transport and deposition modeling to reconstruct 1850 to 2000 emissions from thirteen Northern Hemisphere ice-core records. We find substantial discrepancies between reconstructed Black Carbon emissions and existing bottom-up inventories which do not fully capture the complex spatial-temporal emission patterns. Our findings imply changes to existing historical Black Carbon radiative forcing estimates are necessary, with potential implications for observation-constrained climate sensitivity.
Bottom-up evolution of perovskite clusters into high-activity rhodium nanoparticles toward alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lin Gaoxin , Zhang Zhuang , Ju Qiangjian , Wu Tong , Segre Carlo U. , Chen Wei , Peng Hongru , Zhang Hui , Liu Qiunan , Liu Zhi , Zhang Yifan , Kong Shuyi , Mao Yuanlv , Zhao Wei , Suenaga Kazu , Huang Fuqiang , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelf-reconstruction has been considered an efficient means to prepare efficient electrocatalysts in various energy transformation process for bond activation and breaking. However, developing nano-sized electrocatalysts through complete in-situ reconstruction with improved activity remains challenging. Herein, we report a bottom-up evolution route of electrochemically reducing Cs3Rh2I9halide-perovskite clusters on N-doped carbon to prepare ultrafine Rh nanoparticles (~2.2 nm) with large lattice spacings and grain boundaries. Various in-situ and ex-situ characterizations including electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance experiments elucidate the Cs and I extraction and Rh reduction during the electrochemical reduction. These Rh nanoparticles from Cs3Rh2I9clusters show significantly enhanced mass and area activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction in both alkaline and chlor-alkali electrolyte, superior to liquid-reduced Rh nanoparticles as well as bulk Cs3Rh2I9-derived Rh via top-down electro-reduction transformation. Theoretical calculations demonstrate water activation could be boosted on Cs3Rh2I9clusters-derived Rh nanoparticles enriched with multiply sites, thus smoothing alkaline hydrogen evolution.
A genome-wide relay of signalling-responsive enhancers drives hematopoietic specification
Authors: Edginton-White B. , Maytum A. , Kellaway S. G. , Goode D. K. , Keane P. , Pagnuco I. , Assi S. A. , Ames L. , Clarke M. , Cockerill P. N. , Göttgens B. , Cazier J. B. , Bonifer C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevelopmental control of gene expression critically depends on distal cis-regulatory elements including enhancers which interact with promoters to activate gene expression. To date no global experiments have been conducted that identify their cell type and cell stage-specific activity within one developmental pathway and in a chromatin context. Here, we describe a high-throughput method that identifies thousands of differentially active cis-elements able to stimulate a minimal promoter at five stages of hematopoietic progenitor development from embryonic stem (ES) cells, which can be adapted to any ES cell derived cell type. We show that blood cell-specific gene expression is controlled by the concerted action of thousands of differentiation stage-specific sets of cis-elements which respond to cytokine signals terminating at signalling responsive transcription factors. Our work provides an important resource for studies of hematopoietic specification and highlights the mechanisms of how and where extrinsic signals program a cell type-specific chromatin landscape driving hematopoietic differentiation.
Pollen tube emergence is mediated by ovary-expressed ALCATRAZ in cucumber
Authors: Cheng Zhihua , Liu Xiaofeng , Yan Shuangshuang , Liu Bin , Zhong Yanting , Song Weiyuan , Chen Jiacai , Wang Zhongyi , Che Gen , Liu Liu , Ying Ao , Lv Hanli , Han Lijie , Li Min , Zhao Jianyu , Xu Junqiang , Yang Zhengan , Zhou Zhaoyang , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPollen tube guidance within female tissues of flowering plants can be divided into preovular guidance, ovular guidance and a connecting stage called pollen tube emergence. As yet, no female factor has been identified to positively regulate this transition process. In this study, we show that an ovary-expressed bHLH transcription factor Cucumis sativus ALCATRAZ (CsALC) functions in pollen tube emergence in cucumber. CsALC knockout mutants showed diminished pollen tube emergence, extremely reduced entry into ovules, and a 95% reduction in female fertility. Further examination showed two rapid alkalinization factors CsRALF4 and CsRALF19 were less expressed in Csalc ovaries compared to WT. Besides the loss of male fertility derived from precocious pollen tube rupture as in Arabidopsis, Csralf4 Csralf19 double mutants exhibited a 60% decrease in female fertility due to reduced pollen tube distribution and decreased ovule targeting efficiency. In brief, CsALC regulates female fertility and promotes CsRALF4/19 expression in the ovary during pollen tube guidance in cucumber.
Two-stage visual speech recognition for intensive care patients
Authors: Laux Hendrik , Hallawa Ahmed , Assis Julio Cesar Sevarolli , Schmeink Anke , Martin Lukas , Peine Arne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, we propose a framework to enhance the communication abilities of speech-impaired patients in an intensive care setting via reading lips. Medical procedure, such as a tracheotomy, causes the patient to lose the ability to utter speech with little to no impact on the habitual lip movement. Consequently, we developed a framework to predict the silently spoken text by performing visual speech recognition, i.e., lip-reading. In a two-stage architecture, frames of the patient’s face are used to infer audio features as an intermediate prediction target, which are then used to predict the uttered text. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to bring visual speech recognition into an intensive care setting. For this purpose, we recorded an audio-visual dataset in the University Hospital of Aachen’s intensive care unit (ICU) with a language corpus hand-picked by experienced clinicians to be representative of their day-to-day routine. With a word error rate of 6.3%, the trained system reaches a sufficient overall performance to significantly increase the quality of communication between patient and clinician or relatives.
Experimental–theoretical study of laccase as a detoxifier of aflatoxins
Authors: Zaccaria Marco , Dawson William , Russel Kish Darius , Reverberi Massimo , Bonaccorsi di Patti Maria Carmela , Domin Marek , Cristiglio Viviana , Chan Bun , Dellafiora Luca , Gabel Frank , Nakajima Takahito , Genovese Luigi , Momeni Babak 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate laccase-mediated detoxification of aflatoxins, fungal carcinogenic food contaminants. Our experimental comparison between two aflatoxins with similar structures (AFB1and AFG2) shows significant differences in laccase-mediated detoxification. A multi-scale modeling approach (Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Density Functional Theory) identifies the highly substrate-specific changes required to improve laccase detoxifying performance. We employ a large-scale density functional theory-based approach, involving more than 7000 atoms, to identify the amino acid residues that determine the affinity of laccase for aflatoxins. From this study we conclude: (1) AFB1is more challenging to degrade, to the point of complete degradation stalling; (2) AFG2is easier to degrade by laccase due to its lack of side products and favorable binding dynamics; and (3) ample opportunities to optimize laccase for aflatoxin degradation exist, especially via mutations leading to π–π stacking. This study identifies a way to optimize laccase for aflatoxin bioremediation and, more generally, contributes to the research efforts aimed at rational enzyme optimization.
Supporting optimization of thick seam roadway with top coal based on orthogonal matrix analysis
Authors: Jia Ce , Li Sheng , Fan Chaojun , Luo Mingkun , Zhou Lijun , Pu Ziang , Yang Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAiming at the problem of large deformation and difficulty in surrounding rock control of the top coal roadway in thick seam, theoretical analysis, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, orthogonal matrix analysis and other methods were used to study the roof deformation and support parameter optimization of the top coal roadway in thick seam. Firstly, the structural model and roof mechanical model of the top coal roadway in thick seam were established, and the deformation coefficient TK was defined based on the relationship between curvature radius and bending moment, maximum bending moment and ultimate tensile strength of beam. According to the ratio of deformation rate between TK and beam to determine the roof deformation mode of top coal roadway, the discriminant conditions of roadway roof stability under two deformation conditions are obtained. Due to the characteristics of serious coal-rock fragmentation, large roof deformation, and integration of top coal and side coal. Therefore, the combined support method of “high prestressed long and short anchor cables” is proposed by double arch bearing structure control technology. Finally, based on the orthogonal matrix analysis method of supporting parameters optimization of the top coal roadway in thick seam, the analysis amount of supporting scheme is significantly reduced, the comprehensive evaluation of multi-factor and multi-supporting effect of roadway support is realized, and the optimal supporting scheme is obtained. Compared with the surrounding rock of the roadway without support, the deformation of the roof is reduced by 27.27%, the deformation of the two sides is reduced by 45.24%, and the tensile failure volume is reduced by 54.66%. The top coal roadway in thick seam has been effectively controlled, which provides guarantee for high yield and high efficiency of the mine.
Low light image enhancement using curvelet transform and iterative back projection
Authors: Kannoth Sreekala , H. C. Sateesh Kumar , K. B. Raja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the advancement of technology in image capturing, people are accustomed to high-resolution images. One of the primary necessities of an image capturing system is to provide the same. However, in many cases, the image resolution may not be reaching the expectations of the user which leads to a decrease in user experience. This is a common phenomenon that occurs when the images are captured in low light or if the image encounters a distortion either because of lack of exposure or the image capturing devices may be equipped with a small size sensor. In this work, a resolution enhancement technique using the concepts of curvelet transform and iterative back projection is presented. Sparse representation of images can be enhanced using a combination of curvelet transforms with iterative back projection. Application of curvelet transform along with iterative back projection algorithm on low light images results in enhancing the resolution of the images. The resultant images from here then passed through the inverse transform block and gives an image with contrast enhancement which leads to the user experience improvement. The antiquated image enhancement with improvement in the resolution is validated with the measurement of peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index. The usage of curvelet transform with iterative back projection leads to the restoration of the image resolution by minimizing the distortions, thus leading to an enhanced image whose edge details are retained.
Organic amendment treatments for antimicrobial resistance and mobile element genes risk reduction in soil-crop systems
Authors: Jauregi Leire , González Aitor , Garbisu Carlos , Epelde Lur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAgricultural fertilization with organic amendments of animal origin often leads to antibiotic resistance dissemination. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different treatments (anaerobic digestion, biochar application, ozonation, zerovalent iron nanoparticle application, and spent mushroom substrate addition) on the resistome in dairy cow manure-derived amendments (slurry, manure, and compost). Anaerobic digestion and biochar application resulted in the highest reduction in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and mobile genetic element (MGE) gene abundance. These two treatments were applied to cow manure compost, which was then used to fertilize the soil for lettuce growth. After crop harvest, ARG and MGE gene absolute and relative abundances in the soil and lettuce samples were determined by droplet digital PCR and high-throughput qPCR, respectively. Prokaryotic diversity in cow manure-amended soils was determined using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Compared to untreated compost, anaerobic digestion led to a 38% and 83% reduction in sul2 and intl1 absolute abundances in the soil, respectively, while biochar led to a 60% reduction in intl1 absolute abundance. No differences in lettuce gene abundances were observed among treatments. We conclude that amendment treatments can minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems.
Investigation of Dracocephalum extract based on bulk and nanometer size as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in different corrosive media
Authors: Golshani Zahra , Arjmand Faezeh , Amiri Mahnaz , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Ali , Fatemi S. Jamiladin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, green corrosion inhibitors derived from natural plant resources have garnered much interest. In the present work, at first, we investigated the corrosion behavior of mild steel (st-37) in the presence, and absence ofDracocephalumextract based on bulk size as a corrosion inhibitor in two widely used acidic environments (0.5 M H2SO4, and 1.0 M HCl), at room temperature. Then, we usedDracocephalumextract based on nanometer size to reduce the optimal concentration of inhibitor, increase the corrosion resistant, and efficiency.Dracocephalumextract does not contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds, and also good characteristics such as low cost, eco-friendly, and widespread availability, make it suitable nature candidate as an environmentally safe green inhibitor. The anticorrosive behavior was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PP). In all of the studies, the inhibitory efficiency (IE%) increased as the extract dose was increased. But by using nano extract, in addition to maintaining high efficiency, the amount of inhibitor was reduced significantly. The highestIE% is 94% at the best dose of nano extract (75 ppm), but the highestIE% is 89% at the best dose of the bulk extract (200 ppm) in H2SO4solution. Also, for the HCl solution, the highestIE% is 88% at the best dose of nano extract (100 ppm), but the highestIE% is 90% at the best dose of the bulk extract (400 ppm), by polarization method. The PP results suggest that this compound has an effect on both anodic, and cathodic processes, and that it adsorbs on mild steel surface according to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and a solid UV–Visible reflection spectrum were used to investigate the alloys' surface morphology.
Standard values of the upper body posture in healthy adults with special regard to age, sex and BMI
Authors: Ohlendorf D. , Avaniadi I. , Adjami F. , Christian W. , Doerry C. , Fay V. , Fisch V. , Gerez A. , Goecke J. , Kaya U. , Keller J. , Krüger D. , Pflaum J. , Porsch L. , Loewe C. , Scharnweber B. , Sosnov P. , Wanke E. M. , Oremek G. , Ackermann H. , Holzgreve F. , Keil F. , Groneberg D. A. , Maurer-Grubinger C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to classify and analyze the parameters of upper body posture in clinical or physiotherapeutic settings, a baseline in the form of standard values with special regard to age, sex and BMI is required. Thus, subjectively healthy men and women aged 21–60 years were measured in this project. The postural parameters of 800 symptom-free male (n = 397) and female (n = 407) volunteers aged 21–60 years (Ø♀: 39.7 ± 11.6, Ø ♂: 40.7 ± 11.5 y) were studied. The mean height of the men was 1.8 ± 0.07 m, with a mean body weight of 84.8 ± 13.1 kg and an average BMI of 26.0 ± 3.534 kg/m2. In contrast, the mean height of the women was 1.67 ± 0.06 m, with a mean body weight of 66.5 ± 12.7 kg and an average BMI of 23.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2. By means of video rasterstereography, a 3-dimensional scan of the upper back surface was measured when in a habitual standing position. The means or medians, confidence intervals, tolerance ranges, the minimum, 2.5, 25, 50, 75, 97.5 percentiles and the maximum, plus the kurtosis and skewness of the distribution, were calculated for all parameters. Additionally, ANOVA and a factor analyses (sex, BMI, age) were conducted. In both sexes across all age groups, balanced, symmetrical upper body statics were evident. Most strikingly, the females showed greater thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis angles (kyphosis: Ø ♀ 56°, Ø♂ 51°; lordosis: Ø ♀ 49°, Ø♂ 32°) and lumbar bending angles (Ø ♀ 14°, Ø♂ 11°) than the males. The distance between the scapulae was more pronounced in men. These parameters also show an increase with age and BMI, respectively. Pelvic parameters were independent of age and sex. The upper body postures of women and men between the ages of 21 and 60 years were found to be almost symmetrical and axis-conforming with a positive correlation for BMI or age. Consequently, the present body posture parameters allow for comparisons with other studies, as well as for the evaluation of clinical (interim) diagnostics and applications.
Localization and quantification of glottal gaps on deep learning segmentation of vocal folds
Authors: Pedersen Mette , Larsen Christian Frederik , Madsen Bertram , Eeg Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe entire glottis has mostly been the focus in the tracking of the vocal folds, both manually and automatically. From a treatment point of view, the various regions of the glottis are of specific interest. The aim of the study was to test if it was possible to supplement an existing convolutional neural network (CNN) with post-network calculations for the localization and quantification of posterior glottal gaps during phonation, usable for vocal fold function analysis of e.g. laryngopharyngeal reflux findings. 30 subjects/videos with insufficient closure in the rear glottal area and 20 normal subjects/videos were selected from our database, recorded with a commercial high-speed video setup (HSV with 4000 frames per second), and segmented with an open-source CNN for validating voice function. We made post-network calculations to localize and quantify the 10% and 50% distance lines from the rear part of the glottis. The results showed a significant difference using the algorithm at the 10% line distance between the two groups of p < 0.0001 and no difference at 50%. These novel results show that it is possible to use post-network calculations on CNNs for the localization and quantification of posterior glottal gaps.
Implementation of safe infant sleep recommendations during night-time sleep in the first year of life in a German birth cohort
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D. , Malfertheiner Sara Fill , Postpischil Janina , Brandstetter Susanne , Seelbach-Göbel Birgit , Apfelbacher Christian , Melter Michael , Kabesch Michael ,   KUNO-Kids study group, Ambrosch Andreas , Arndt Petra A. , Baessler Andrea , Berneburg Mark , Böse-O’Reilly Stephan , Brunner Romuald , Buchalla Wolfgang , Malfertheiner Sara Fill , Franke André , Häusler Sebastian , Heid Iris , Heinze Stefanie , Högler Wolfgang , Kerzel Sebastian , Koller Michael , Leitzmann Michael , Rothfuß David , Rösch Wolfgang , Schaub Bianca , Weidinger Stephan , Wellmann Sven , Kerzel Sebastian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the extent to which families followed recommendations, issued by the German society for sleep medicine, for the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) during night-time sleep. Analyzing longitudinal data from a birth cohort located at the University Children’s Hospital Regensburg in Bavaria (Germany), we determined data regarding the infant's sleep location, sleep settings and body position, and exposure to environmental factors. Data were collected in a structured interview after birth and by standardized questionnaires at 4 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year of life, respectively. The majority of 1,400 surveyed infants (94% at 4 weeks) were reported to sleep in the parents’ sleeping room during the first months of life. While the most common furniture was a bedside sleeper (used by 48%), we also observed a considerable proportion of families who regularly practiced bed-sharing and, for 16% of infants, the parents’ bed was the default sleeping place. 12% of infants were still put regularly in the prone position. The vast majority (87%) of the infants were breastfed at some timepoint and 17% lived in a household with one or more smokers. Although most parents implemented many SIDS recommendations, our analysis illustrates a considerable gap between recommendations and intentions after birth on the one hand and actual implementation in real life on the other. The number-one deviation from the current SIDS guidelines during night-time sleep was bed-sharing with an adult.