bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printed porous particle and its geotechnical properties
Authors: Matsumura Satoshi , Kawamura Shima , Kandpal Lalit , Vangla Prashanth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study of effects of particle breakage on the mechanical properties of soil composed of porous particles is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the shape and inner void structure of individual particles, even for an identical soil sample, which imparts a compound effect on the mechanical properties. Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing technique have enabled the replication of objects with the same shape but different inner structures. This study investigated the feasibility of replicating porous and non-porous particles with the same particle shape characteristics, such as form, waviness, and texture, using 3D printing technique. The particle shape characteristics were evaluated using image analysis. Single particle crushing and triaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of the 3D printed and porous volcanic soil particles. It is observed that the mechanical response in the single particle crushing test varies for volcanic soil, which may be attributed to the heterogeneity in the shape and porosity of the particles. However, for each type of 3D printed particle, the response has a high repeatability and varies based on particle porosity. Furthermore, the effects of porosity on the shear response are demonstrated through triaxial tests on 3D printed particles of different porosities. It is noted that although a quantitative comparison is not possible, a qualitative similarity is observed in the response of the 3D printed porous particles with natural porous volcanic soil. Thus, insights into the mechanical response of porous particles can be gained using 3D printed particles.
Sterben braucht Latenz. Organisierte Sterbebegleitung im Spannungsfeld von Handeln und Erleben
Authors: Nassehi Armin , Saake Irmhild , Barth Niklas , Mayr Katharina 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn soziologischen Studien über Hospize und Palliativstationen wird häufig kritisiert, dass die Organisationsförmigkeit solcher Einrichtungen das Erleben der Sterbenden überformt. Anhand von problemzentrierten Experteninterviews mit Ärzten und Ärztinnen, Pflegefachkräften sowie narrativen Interviews mit Sterbenden wird in dieser Studie untersucht, nach welchen Kriterien alle Beteiligten Handlungs- und Erlebensmöglichkeiten des Sterbens sich und anderen zurechnen. Auf diese Weise können wir zeigen, dass Sterbeverläufe von professionellen Akteuren als „gut“ erlebt werden, wenn sie als gemeinsames Erleben von einerseits professionellen Akteuren und andererseits Sterbenden, die es so gewollt haben, gedeutet werden können. Dies ist bemerkenswert vor dem Hintergrund eines weiteren Befundes dieser Studie, nämlich der systematischen Perspektivendifferenzen im Erleben des Sterbeverlaufs zwischen professionellen Akteuren einerseits und Sterbenden andererseits. Während Sterbende in unserer Studie ihr Sterben als bedrohliche Diskontinuität erleben, erleben die professionellen Akteure Sterben als kontinuierlich erwartbaren Verlauf. Die Konsensfiktion des gemeinsamen Erlebens des Sterbens stellt offenbar eine hilfreiche Erweiterung der Handlungsmöglichkeiten im Umgang mit dem Sterben dar, da hiermit die Unversöhnlichkeit zwischen Ideal und Praxis, die Perspektivendifferenzen zwischen Sterbenden und professionellen Akteuren und damit auch das unlösbare Problem der Endlichkeit unsichtbar gehalten werden können. Wer Hospize und Palliativstationen untersucht, sollte mit enormen Freiräumen der Deutungsarbeit rechnen, die dem Sterben Latenz verschaffen.
Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in patients with solid tumors: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Papapanou Michail , Athanasopoulos Anastasios E. , Georgiadi Eleni , Maragkos Stefanos A. , Liontos Michalis , Ziogas Dimitrios C. , Damaskos Dimitrios , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNo systematic synthesis of all cases of spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome (STLS) in adult patients with solid tumors is available to date. Herein, we aim to recognize specific STLS characteristics and parameters related to a worse prognosis. We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials, cohorts, case-control studies, and case reports. The primary endpoints were death and the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to STLS. We estimated crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via univariate binary logistic regression. We included one cohort of 9 patients and 66 case reports of 71 patients [lung cancer 15(21.1%)]. Regarding the case reports, most patients [61(87.1%)] had metastatic disease [liver 46(75.4%)], developed acute kidney injury [59(83.1%)], needed RRT [25(37.3%)], and died due to STLS [36(55.4%)]. Metastatic disease, especially in the liver [p = 0.035; OR (95%CI): 9.88 (1.09, 89.29)] or lungs [p = 0.024; 14.00 (1.37, 142.89)], was significantly associated with STLS-related death compared to no metastasis. Cases resulting in death had a significantly higher probability of receiving rasburicase monotherapy than receiving no urate-lowering agents [p = 0.034; 5.33 (1.09, 26.61)], or the allopurinol-rasburicase combination [p = 0.023; 7.47 (1.40, 39.84)]. Patients receiving allopurinol were less likely to need RRT compared to those not receiving it or those receiving rasburicase. In conclusion, current anecdotal evidence demonstrated that metastatic disease, especially in the liver and lungs, may be associated with STLS-related death compared to no metastatic status. Careful surveillance of high-risk cases within larger studies is essential to identify markers predicting morbidity or mortality.
Adaptive password guessing: learning language, nationality and dataset source
Authors: Murray Hazel , Malone David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman chosen passwords are often predictable. Research has shown that users of similar demographics or choosing passwords for the same website will often choose similar passwords. This knowledge is leveraged by human password guessers who use it to tailor their attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate that a learning algorithm can actively learn these same characteristics of the passwords as it is guessing and that it can leverage this information to adaptively improve its guessing. Furthermore, we show that if we split our candidate wordlists based on these characteristics, then a multi-armed bandit style guessing algorithm can adaptively choose to guess from the wordlist which will maximise successes.
Perceived usefulness of a mnemonic to improve nurses’ evaluation of reported penicillin allergies
Authors: Carter Eileen J. , Schramm Carol , Baron Kate , Zolla Meagan M. , Zavez Katherine , Banach David B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We surveyed clinicians to evaluate the perceived usefulness of a mnemonic, STORY, to improve penicillin allergy evaluation. Survey responses indicated that the perceived usefulness of STORY was high, and support for nurses’ involvement in penicillin allergy assessment was high. Future research may evaluate the feasibility of STORY implementation in clinical care.
Automotive Supply Chain Links to the Uyghur Genocide: Reversing a Growing Crisis
Authors: Salcito Kendyl 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince 2017, the government of the People’s Republic of China has heightened repression of Uyghur and other minorities in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). Repressive tactics involve family separations, mass incarceration, forced labour and cultural indoctrination. This has been accompanied, in recent years, with an aggressive industrialization of the area which relies heavily on the forced labour of Uyghur and other minorities. The automotive industry, in particular, has expanded into the region. This piece describes China’s push of heavy industry into XUAR and recent findings by Sheffield Hallam University and NomoGaia of abuses against Uyghurs and their links to the global automotive sector. It then explains the methodology employed by NomoGaia in its co-authored report with scholars from Sheffield Hallam University for linking abuses in the XUAR to global brands, and proposes a way forward for the industry.
CURVATURE-TORSION ENTROPY FOR TWISTED CURVES UNDER CURVE SHORTENING FLOW
Authors: KHAN GABRIEL 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study curve-shortening flow for twisted curves in
$\mathbb {R}^3$
(that is, curves with nowhere vanishing curvature
$\kappa $
and torsion
$\tau $
) and define a notion of torsion-curvature entropy. Using this functional, we show that either the curve develops an inflection point or the eventual singularity is highly irregular (and likely impossible). In particular, it must be a Type-II singularity which admits sequences along which
${\tau }/{\kappa ^2} \to \infty $
. This contrasts strongly with Altschuler’s planarity theorem, which shows that
${\tau }/{\kappa } \to 0$
along any essential blow-up sequence.
Being exposed to the same trigger increases the risk of recurrence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in children and can have fatal results: a case report
Authors: Garcia de Oteyza Maria , Dolader Paola , Gran Ferran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTakotsubo cardiomyopathy has an incidence of 1% of acute coronary syndrome in the adult population, and the risk of recurrence is approximately 1.5% per year. However, only a few cases have been reported in children. Having a neurologic disorder and being exposed to the same trigger repeatedly have been associated with an increased risk.
Upper Ocean Transport in the Anegada Passage From Multi‐Year Glider Surveys
Authors: Gradone J. C. , Wilson W. D. , Glenn S. M. , Miles T. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCaribbean through‐flow accounts for two‐thirds of the Florida Current and consequently is an important conduit of heat and salt fluxes in the upper limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Considering there is evidence that up to one‐half of the Florida Current originates as South Atlantic Water (SAW), determining the distribution of SAW throughout the Caribbean Island passages is important as this constitutes the major pathway for cross‐equatorial AMOC return flow. The Anegada Passage (AP) is a major pathway for subtropical gyre inflow and suggested to be a potential SAW inflow pathway worth revisiting. Here, we present glider‐based observations of temperature, salinity and subsurface velocity that represent the first observations of any type in the AP in nearly 20 years. An isopycnal water mass analysis is conducted to quantify the transport of water masses with South Atlantic or North Atlantic origin. Two potentially new aspects of AP transport are revealed. The total AP transport (−4.8 Sv) is shown to be larger than previously estimated, potentially by up to a factor of two. The transport of SAW through the AP (−1.66 Sv) is also shown to be larger than previously estimated, which represents 35% of the total transport reported here and 28% of the SAW entering the Caribbean north of the Windward Island Passages. These results indicate the AP may be an important pathway for cross‐equatorial AMOC return flow. These results also provide evidence that gliders with acoustic doppler profilers are a viable method for measuring island passage transport.
Novel Geometric Parameters for Assessing Flow Over Realistic Versus Idealized Urban Arrays
Authors: Lu Jiachen , Nazarian Negin , Hart Melissa Anne , Krayenhoff E. Scott , Martilli Alberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUrban heterogeneity, such as the variation of street layouts, building shapes, and building heights, cannot be fully represented by density parameters commonly used in idealized urban environmental analyses. To address this shortcoming and better model flow fields over complex urban neighborhoods, we propose two novel descriptive geometric parameters, alignedness and building facet entropy, which quantify the connectivity of inter‐building spaces along the prevailing wind direction and the variation of building facet orientations, respectively. We then conducted large eddy simulations over 101 urban layouts, including realistic urban configurations with uniform building height as well as idealized building arrays with variable heights, and evaluated the resulting bulk flow properties. Urban canopy flow over realistic neighborhoods resembles staggered building arrays for low urban densities but becomes similar to aligned configurations beyond λp ∼ 0.25 where the realistic flow is less sensitive to changes in density. We further show that compared to traditional density parameters (such as plan and frontal area densities), the mean alignedness, a measure of connectivity of flow paths in street canyons, better predicts canopy‐averaged flow properties. Furthermore, for realistic urban flow, the dispersive momentum flux shows a clear increasing trend with building density, and a decreasing trend with alignedness, which is in contrast with idealized cases that exhibit no clear trend. This distinct behavior further highlights the necessity of evaluating flow over realistic urban layouts for flow parameterization. This study provides an improved method of describing urban layouts for flow characterization that can be applied in neighborhood‐scale urban canopy parameterization.
Dynamics of the Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Reservoir in Glacial Climate Simulations: The Importance of Biological Production
Authors: Gilchrist Maya D. , Matsumoto Katsumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reservoir rivals the atmospheric carbon inventory in size. Recent work has suggested that the size of the DOC reservoir may respond to variations in sea temperature and global overturning circulation strength. Moreover, mobilization of marine DOC has been implicated in paleoclimate events including Cryogenian glaciation and Eocene hyperthermals. Despite these suggestions, the dynamics of the marine DOC reservoir are poorly understood, and previous carbon cycle modeling has generally assumed this reservoir to be static. In this study, we utilize an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to assess the response of the marine DOC reservoir to various glacial boundary conditions. Our results indicate that the marine DOC reservoir is responsive to glacial perturbations and may shrink or expand on the order of 10–100 Pg C. In contrast to recent studies that emphasize the importance of DOC degradation in driving the mobility of DOC reservoir, our study indicates the importance of DOC production. In the experiment under full glacial boundary conditions, for example, a 19% drop in net primary production leads to an 81 Pg C reduction in the DOC pool, without which the atmospheric CO2 concentration would have been lower by approximately 38 ppm by dissolved inorganic carbon changes alone. Thus, DOC reservoir variability is necessary to fully account for the simulated changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our findings based on glacial experiments are corroborated in a different set of simulations using freshwater flux to induce weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in Three Generations of Climate Models
Authors: Wang Fuchang , Xu Xiaobiao , Zhang Feng , Ma Leiming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrough a large meridional transport of heat and freshwater, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a fundamental role in the earth climate system. Yet, there exist significant biases in representing AMOC structures in climate models and it is unclear whether or to what extent the biases have reduced through different generations of climate models. To address this question, this study compared the AMOC represented in three phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models with a similar horizontal resolution: CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6. We found that (a) although the model spread is large, the multi‐model ensemble of each CMIP reproduced a similar AMOC magnitude and the overturning depth that are in a reasonable agreement with observations; (b) in each CMIP, there is a smaller temperature and salinity difference between the northward flowing top limb and the southward flowing second limb of the AMOC, which lead to a systematic bias of a weaker meridional transport of heat and freshwater; (c) these biases are generally similar in CMIP5 and CMIP6 and significantly improved from CMIP3.
Global forest fragmentation change from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Jiawei , Wu Wanben , Liu Jiajia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA comprehensive quantification of global forest fragmentation is urgently required to guide forest protection, restoration and reforestation policies. Previous efforts focused on the static distribution patterns of forest remnants, potentially neglecting dynamic changes in forest landscapes. Here, we map global distribution of forest fragments and their temporal changes between 2000 and 2020. We find that forest landscapes in the tropics were relatively intact, yet these areas experienced the most severe fragmentation over the past two decades. In contrast, 75.1% of the world’s forests experienced a decrease in fragmentation, and forest fragmentation in most fragmented temperate and subtropical regions, mainly in northern Eurasia and South China, declined between 2000 and 2020. We also identify eight modes of fragmentation that indicate different recovery or degradation states. Our findings underscore the need to curb deforestation and increase connectivity among forest fragments, especially in tropical areas.
Short-term particulate matter contamination severely compromises insect antennal olfactory perception
Authors: Wang Qike , Liu Genting , Yan Liping , Xu Wentian , Hilton Douglas J. , Liu Xianhui , Pei Wenya , Li Xinyu , Wu Jinbiao , Zhao Haifeng , Zhang Dong , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe consequences of sub-lethal levels of ambient air pollution are underestimated for insects, for example, the accumulation of particulate matter on sensory receptors located on their antennae may have detrimental effects to their function. Here we show that the density of particulate matter on the antennae of houseflies (Musca domestica) collected from an urban environment increases with the severity of air pollution. A combination of behavioural assays, electroantennograms and transcriptomic analysis provide consistent evidence that a brief exposure to particulate matter pollution compromises olfactory perception of reproductive and food odours in both male and female houseflies. Since particulate matter can be transported thousands of kilometres from its origin, these effects may represent an additional factor responsible for global declines in insect numbers, even in pristine and remote areas.
Intranasal influenza-vectored COVID-19 vaccine restrains the SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory response in hamsters
Authors: Zhang Liang , Jiang Yao , He Jinhang , Chen Junyu , Qi Ruoyao , Yuan Lunzhi , Shao Tiange , Zhao Hui , Chen Congjie , Chen Yaode , Wang Xijing , Lei Xing , Gao Qingxiang , Zhuang Chunlan , Zhou Ming , Ma Jian , Liu Wei , Yang Man , Fu Rao , Wu Yangtao , Chen Feng , Xiong Hualong , Nie Meifeng , Chen Yiyi , Wu Kun , Fang Mujin , Wang Yingbin , Zheng Zizheng , Huang Shoujie , Ge Shengxiang , Cheng Shih Chin , Zhu Huachen , Cheng Tong , Yuan Quan , Wu Ting , Zhang Jun , Chen Yixin , Zhang Tianying , Li Changgui , Qi Hai , Guan Yi , Xia Ningshao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and “anatomical escape” characteristics threaten the effectiveness of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. There is an urgent need to understand the immunological mechanism of broad-spectrum respiratory tract protection to guide broader vaccines development. Here we investigate immune responses induced by an NS1-deleted influenza virus vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine (dNS1-RBD) which provides broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. Intranasal delivery of dNS1-RBD induces innate immunity, trained immunity and tissue-resident memory T cells covering the upper and lower respiratory tract. It restrains the inflammatory response by suppressing early phase viral load post SARS-CoV-2 challenge and attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine (Il6, Il1b, and Ifng) levels, thereby reducing excess immune-induced tissue injury compared with the control group. By inducing local cellular immunity and trained immunity, intranasal delivery of NS1-deleted influenza virus vectored vaccine represents a broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine strategy to reduce disease burden.
DipM controls multiple autolysins and mediates a regulatory feedback loop promoting cell constriction in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Izquierdo-Martinez Adrian , Billini Maria , Miguel-Ruano Vega , Hernández-Tamayo Rogelio , Richter Pia , Biboy Jacob , Batuecas María T. , Glatter Timo , Vollmer Waldemar , Graumann Peter L. , Hermoso Juan A. , Thanbichler Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProteins with a catalytically inactive LytM-type endopeptidase domain are important regulators of cell wall-degrading enzymes in bacteria. Here, we study their representative DipM, a factor promoting cell division in Caulobacter crescentus. We show that the LytM domain of DipM interacts with multiple autolysins, including the soluble lytic transglycosylases SdpA and SdpB, the amidase AmiC and the putative carboxypeptidase CrbA, and stimulates the activities of SdpA and AmiC. Its crystal structure reveals a conserved groove, which is predicted to represent the docking site for autolysins by modeling studies. Mutations in this groove indeed abolish the function of DipM in vivo and its interaction with AmiC and SdpA in vitro. Notably, DipM and its targets SdpA and SdpB stimulate each other’s recruitment to midcell, establishing a self-reinforcing cycle that gradually increases autolytic activity as cytokinesis progresses. DipM thus coordinates different peptidoglycan-remodeling pathways to ensure proper cell constriction and daughter cell separation.
Synaptotagmin-1-dependent phasic axonal dopamine release is dispensable for basic motor behaviors in mice
Authors: Delignat-Lavaud Benoît , Kano Jana , Ducrot Charles , Massé Ian , Mukherjee Sriparna , Giguère Nicolas , Moquin Luc , Lévesque Catherine , Burke Samuel , Denis Raphaëlle , Bourque Marie-Josée , Tchung Alex , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Lévesque Daniel , De Beaumont Louis , Trudeau Louis-Éric 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Parkinson’s disease (PD), motor dysfunctions only become apparent after extensive loss of DA innervation. This resilience has been hypothesized to be due to the ability of many motor behaviors to be sustained through a diffuse basal tone of DA; but experimental evidence for this is limited. Here we show that conditional deletion of the calcium sensor synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1) in DA neurons (Syt1 cKODA mice) abrogates most activity-dependent axonal DA release in the striatum and mesencephalon, leaving somatodendritic (STD) DA release intact. Strikingly, Syt1 cKODA mice showed intact performance in multiple unconditioned DA-dependent motor tasks and even in a task evaluating conditioned motivation for food. Considering that basal extracellular DA levels in the striatum were unchanged, our findings suggest that activity-dependent DA release is dispensable for such tasks and that they can be sustained by a basal tone of extracellular DA. Taken together, our findings reveal the striking resilience of DA-dependent motor functions in the context of a near-abolition of phasic DA release, shedding new light on why extensive loss of DA innervation is required to reveal motor dysfunctions in PD.