bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional accuracy of endodontic access preparations using novel nonrestrictive static guides: A laboratory study
Authors: Elhakim Ahmed , Hwang Junghwan , Kim Sunil , Kim Euiseong , Kang Sumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study compared the accuracy of traditional endodontic access to conservative access cavities prepared with or without novel nonrestrictive endodontic access guides by operators with different levels of clinical experience without visual aids, using a three‐dimensional volumetric accuracy analysis method. The accuracy of the preparations was analysed using a novel 3D volumetric analysis by calculating the intersection and volume of the actual cavities to the planned model cavities. The experienced operator significantly outperformed the inexperienced operator in the free hand groups, while accuracy of conservative access cavities prepared using the novel guides were comparable and significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated clinical experience enhanced endodontic preparations accuracy and that nonrestrictive guides achieve accurate conservative access cavities which are independent of the operator skill level. Additionally, the three‐dimensional volumetric analysis is a consistent and objective method to judge the accuracy of guided endodontic techniques.
Post‐operative transfusion is associated with infrainguinal bypass graft failure: contemporary Australian tertiary centre experience
Authors: Koo Mei Ping Melody , Bookun Hansraj Riteesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundsPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an increasingly prevalent and highly morbid pathology affecting the older population. Infra‐inguinal bypass (IIB) surgery remains a robust revascularization option in these patients. This study aimed to identify modifiable predictors associated with graft patency and functional outcomes in contemporary Australian vascular surgical practice.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing IIB between 2010 and 2020 at a tertiary vascular surgery centre in Australia was performed. Data regarding patient demographics, co‐morbidities, pre‐operative investigations, bypass characteristics, and discharge outcomes were collected. Surveillance ultrasound scans were reviewed to gain information on graft patency and compliance up to 2 years post‐operatively. The primary outcome was graft failure. Secondary outcomes were mobility status and amputation‐free survival at 1 year.ResultsA total of 239 IIBs were performed on 207 patients during the 10‐year period. Significant predictors for primary graft occlusion included regional referral (P < 0.01), low pre‐operative haemoglobin level (P < 0.01), post‐operative transfusion requirement (P = 0.02), use of prosthetic conduit (P < 0.01) and non‐compliance to ultrasound surveillance (P < 0.01). Patients with a thrombosed graft were 2.4 times more likely to experience deterioration in mobility status (P < 0.01) and 8.6 times more likely to have major limb amputation or death at 1 year. The amputation‐free survival was 88.3% at 1 year.ConclusionOptimization of pre‐operative haemoglobin level for IIB should be advocated in clinical practice in order to reduce the risk of graft failure, deterioration in ambulatory function, major limb amputation and mortality.
Study of the paleochannel in the southeastern part of Pyongyang by using topographic and satellite image analysis: A possibility for successful survey of paleolithic site
Authors: Jon Jun‐Myong , Jon Yong‐Il , Kim Il‐Nam , Nam Il‐Ryong , Ji Won‐Hyok , Kang Ryong‐Il , Kang Jun‐Chol 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere are Quaternary paleochannels in the left bank of the lower reaches of the Taedong River in the southeastern side of Pyongyang. We aimed to determine the possibility to find Paleolithic sites by locating terraces and paleochannels using digital elevation models (DEM) and Landsat ETM+. The study on paleochannels focused on survey of terrace of the 80–100 m high, associated with the Paleolithic site, performing topography (elevation, slope and aspect) analysis with DEM data and FCC (False Color Component), BR (Band Ratio), PCA (Principal Component Analysis), ISODATA, and SAM with Landsat ETM+ image. The results show that the analysis method using DEM and ETM+ is effective to find Paleolithic sites through surveys of terrace and paleochannel and analysis of facies.
Horné Srnie: Emulation of Carpathian insignia during the Urnfield inflation
Authors: Ondrkál Filip , Peška Jaroslav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDouble‐armed insigniae of the Carpathian type are mysterious ceremonial symbols of the Urnfields representing the connection between ideological principles in the Western Carpathians. The Horné Srnie metal hoard shows that early Lusatian mountain communities developed an emulation strategy c.1325 BCE that shifts the origins of Lusatian metallurgy roughly by one century, using the elite style of the technologically advanced Piliny culture to represent their social status. The reproduction was motivated by the effort of Lusatian warrior‐priests to maintain their authority during the period of Urnfield societal reorganization and grew into the ‘homemade’ production of low‐quality cast specimens from recycled materials or metallurgical residues.
Barriers and enablers of active surveillance for prostate cancer: a qualitive study of clinicians
Authors: Pattenden Trent A. , Thangasamy Isaac A. , Ong Wee Loon , Samaranayke Dhanika , Morton Andrew , Murphy Declan G. , Evans Sue , Millar Jeremy , Chalasani Venu , Rashid Prem , Winter Matthew , Vela Ian , Pryor David , Mark Stephen , Loeb Stacy , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Pritchard Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo identify and explore barriers to, and enablers of, active surveillance (AS) in men with low‐risk prostate cancer (LRPCa), as perceived by PCa clinicians.Patients and MethodsUrologists and radiation oncologists in Australia and New Zealand were purposively sampled for a cross‐section on gender and practice setting (metropolitan/regional; public/private). Using a grounded theory approach, semi‐structed interviews were conducted with participants. Interviews were coded independently by two researchers using open, axial, and selective coding. A constant comparative approach was used to analyse data as it was collected. Thematic saturation was reached after 18 interviews, and a detailed model of barriers to, and enablers of, AS for LRPCa, as perceived by clinicians was developed.ResultsA model explaining what affects clinician decision making regarding AS in LRPCa emerged. It was underpinned by three broad themes: (i) clinician perception of patients’ barriers and enablers; (ii) clinician perception of their own barriers and enablers; and (iii) engagement with healthcare team and resource availability.ConclusionsClinicians unanimously agree that AS is an evidence‐based approach for managing LRPCa. Despite this many men do not undergo AS for LRPCa, which is due to the interplay of patient and clinician factors, and their interaction with the wider healthcare system. This study identifies strategies to mitigate barriers and enhance enablers, which could increase access to AS by patients with LRPCa.
“I don't have the energy”: Racial stress, young Black motherhood, and Canadian social policies
Authors: Goddard‐Durant Sadie K. , Doucet Andrea , Tizaa Helena , Sieunarine Jane Ann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSignificant socio‐economic, health, and mental health disparities due to highly entrenched and systemic anti‐Black racism in Canadian institutions, policies, and practices are now well documented in research and policy reports. Yet, few in‐depth studies have addressed the mental health impacts of anti‐Black racism on Canadian populations. This article is rooted in a community‐based, qualitative research project with young first and second‐generation Black Caribbean‐Canadian mothers and is informed by Black Feminist epistemologies and intersectional theories and methodologies. Our research demonstrates how participants’ childhood experiences with xenophobic and racist immigration policies and educational, child welfare, and childcare systems caused their future mental health challenges as young Black mothers, and how these struggles were exacerbated by their encounters with the racist, ageist, xenophobic medical, social, and mental health services they had to access as young mothers. Based on these findings, we recommend enhancements to current social policies to minimize the differential mental health impacts on young Black Canadian mothers.
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of benzimidazole‐1,3,4‐triazole hybrids as carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitors
Authors: Çelik İsmail , Acar Çevik Ulviye , Küçükoğlu Kaan , Nadaroglu Hayrunnisa , Bostancı Hayrani Eren , Işık Ayşen , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, with an aim to develop novel heterocyclic hybrids as potent enzyme inhibitors, we synthesized a series of 10 novel 2‐(4‐(4‐ethyl‐5‐(2‐(substitutedphenyl)‐2‐oxo‐ethylthio)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)‐phenyl)‐5,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐benzimidazole (5a–5j) derivatives and characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against hCA I and hCA II. All the compounds exhibited good hCA I and hCA II inhibitory activities with IC50 values in range of 1.288 μM–3.122 μM. Among all these compounds, compound 5e, with an IC50 value of 1.288 μM is the most active against carbonic hCA I. Compound 5h with an IC50 value of 1.532 μM is the most active against carbonic hCA‐II. Compounds 5a–5j were also evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on the L929 mouse fibroblast (normal) cell line. The compounds were also analyzed for their antioxidant capacity by TAS, FRAP, and DPPH activity. Enzyme inhibition kinetics showed all compounds 5a–5j to inhibit the enzyme by non‐competitive. The most active compound 5e for hCA I and compound 5h for hCA‐II were subjected to molecular docking, which revealed their binding interactions with the enzyme's active site, confirming the experimental findings.
A novel scoring system to predict survival in cirrhotic patients undergoing isolated lung transplantation: The PENS‐CEPT score
Authors: Hyzny Eric J. , Chan Ernest G. , Hage Chadi , Rachakonda Vikrant , Sanchez Pablo G. , Malik Shahid M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCirrhosis is usually regarded as a contraindication to isolated lung transplantation (ILT). We sought to determine which patients with cirrhosis could safely undergo ILT. Based on a retrospective analysis of patients with cirrhosis who underwent ILT at our center between 2007 and 2020, we developed an exclusionary algorithm (PENS‐CEPT: Pittsburgh ExclusioN Score in Cirrhotics Evaluated for Pulmonary Transplant) to help determine which patients can undergo ILT with minimal incurred risk from their underlying liver disease. The score utilizes a combination of readily available clinical data and the presence (or absence) of spontaneous portosystemic shunts on preoperative cross‐sectional imaging. Sixteen patients underwent ILT with a diagnosis of cirrhosis: nine with cystic fibrosis. On univariate analysis, only our model was able to predict 1 year survival. Of the nine patients that would have been approved using our model, there was only one short term death. Of the seven patients that would have been rejected by the model, all but one died within the first year with six dying of complications from liver failure. We are proposing a simple score utilizing routine clinical parameters and pre‐operative imaging to determine the safety of ILT in cirrhotic patients. Further studies are required to validate this scoring system with the goal of safely increasing the opportunity for cirrhotic patients who would otherwise be rejected for ILT.
Contribution of dorsal versus ventral hippocampus to the hierarchical modulation of goal‐directed actions in rats
Authors: Piquet Robin , Faugère Angélique , Parkes Shauna L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdaptive behaviour often necessitates that animals learn about events in a manner that is specific to a particular context or environment. These hierarchical organisations allow the animal to decide which action is the most appropriate when faced with ambiguous or conflicting possibilities. This study examined the role of hippocampus in enabling animals to use the context to guide action selection. We used a hierarchical instrumental outcome devaluation task in which male rats learn that the context provides information about the unique action‐outcome relations that are in effect. We first confirmed that rats encode and use hierarchical context‐(action‐outcome) relations. We then show that chemogenetic inhibition of ventral hippocampus impairs both the encoding and retrieval of these associations, while inhibition of dorsal hippocampus impairs only the retrieval. Importantly, neither dorsal nor ventral hippocampus was required for goal‐directed behaviour per se as these impairments only emerged when rats were forced to use the context to identify the current action‐outcome relationships. These findings are discussed with respect to the role of the hippocampus and its broader circuitry in the contextual modulation of goal‐directed behaviour and the importance of hierarchical associations in flexible behaviour.
Anti‐amyloid antibody treatments for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Perneczky Robert , Dom Geert , Chan Andrew , Falkai Peter , Bassetti Claudio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur aim is to review the most recent evidence on novel antibody therapies for Alzheimer's disease directed against amyloid‐β. This is a joint statement of the European Association of Neurology and the European Psychiatric Association. After numerous unsuccessful endeavors to create a disease‐modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease, substantial and consistent evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies aimed at amyloid‐β is finally emerging. The latest trials not only achieved their primary objective of slowing the progression of the disease over several months but also demonstrated positive secondary clinical outcomes and a decrease in amyloid‐β levels as observed through positron emission tomography scans. Taken as a whole, these findings mark a significant breakthrough by substantiating that reducing amyloid‐β yields tangible clinical benefits, beyond mere changes in biomarkers. Concurrently, the regular utilization of the new generation of drugs will determine whether statistical efficacy translates into clinically meaningful improvements. This may well signify the dawning of a new era in the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease.
Healthcare employment as a risk factor for functional neurological disorder: A case–control study
Authors: Vanini Giorgio , Bühler Janine , Weber Samantha , Steinauer Manuela , Aybek Selma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeFemale gender, younger age and stressful life events are known predisposing factors for functional neurological disorders (FNDs). Employment in a healthcare profession has also been suggested to be a predisposing factor. We set out to conduct a large‐scale case–control study to estimate the rate employment in a healthcare profession among people with FND.MethodsWe included 200 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FND, referred to our clinic at University Hospital Bern Switzerland between October 1, 2016, and August 1, 2019. In addition, we included a control group of 200 patients with a confirmed neurological disorder, matched for age and gender, seen during the same period. The primary endpoint was to compare the prevalence of healthcare professionals between the groups. We also describe the clinical manifestations and concomitant psychiatric diagnoses in the FND cohort.ResultsFemale gender was predominant (70%), and the participants’ mean age was 37 years. The proportion of healthcare professionals in the FND patients was 18% (33/186), which was significantly higher than in the control group, in which it was 10.6% (17/189; p = 0.019, 95% confidence interval odds ratio 1.168–4.074). Most healthcare professionals in both cohorts were nurses (21/33 among FND patients, 10/17 among controls). Among FND patients, 140 (70%) had motor symptoms and 65 (32.5%) had a concomitant psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionThis case–control study confirmed a higher rate of employment in healthcare professions in patients with FND, suggesting two potential mechanisms of FND: exposure to models/specific knowledge about neurological symptoms or stress‐related professional factors. This warrants further studies on underlying mechanisms and prevention.
Study and development of hybrid and ensemble forecasting models for air quality index forecasting
Authors: Pradhan Sushree Subhaprada , Panigrahi Sibarama , Purohit Sourav Kumar , Dash Jatindra Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a viable, robust, and highly accurate additive hybrid model employing autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) and support vector machine (SVM) with functionally expanded inputs (Additive‐ARFIMA‐SVM) is presented for forecasting the air quality index (AQI). Additionally, thirteen additive and multiplicative hybrid models are introduced. Several alternatives in feature engineering employing functional expansion of inputs are incorporated to boost the performance of hybrid models. Furthermore, a gradient whale optimization algorithm with group best leader strategy (GWOA‐GBL) based meta‐heuristic algorithm is proposed. The missing values are imputed and a variable weight ensemble forecasting model is developed using the proposed GWOA‐GBL algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed Additive‐ARFIMA‐SVM forecasting model with functionally expanded inputs, comparisons are made with sixteen machine learning models, including long short‐term memory (LSTM), five statistical models, seventeen hybrid models, and ten variable weight ensemble models. Extensive statistical analyses are carried out on the obtained results considering four accuracy measures that show the statistical supremacy of the proposed Additive‐ARFIMA‐SVM model and GWOA‐GBL algorithm in predicting the AQI time series. The proposed Additive‐ARFIMA‐SVM model with functionally expanded inputs improves the AQI forecasting performance by 16.34% than autoregressive integrated moving average, 14.47% than ARFIMA, 33.96% than XGBoost, 43.47% than SVM, 49.39% than LSTM, 8.64% than Multiplicative‐ARIMA‐SVM model considering symmetric mean absolute percentage error. The proposed Additive‐ARFIMA‐SVM model is so efficient and reliable that it can be applied to forecast other time series like stock price, electricity load, crude oil price, sunspot number, stream flow, flood, drought etc.
Decoupling between stomatal conductance and photosynthesis occurs under extreme heat in broadleaf tree species regardless of water access
Authors: Marchin Renée M. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Ellsworth David S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh air temperatures increase atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the severity of drought, threatening forests worldwide. Plants regulate stomata to maximize carbon gain and minimize water loss, resulting in a close coupling between net photosynthesis (Anet) and stomatal conductance (gs). However, evidence for decoupling of gs from Anet under extreme heat has been found. Such a response both enhances survival of leaves during heat events but also quickly depletes available water. To understand the prevalence and significance of this decoupling, we measured leaf gas exchange in 26 tree and shrub species growing in the glasshouse or at an urban site in Sydney, Australia on hot days (maximum Tair > 40°C). We hypothesized that on hot days plants with ample water access would exhibit reduced Anet and use transpirational cooling leading to stomatal decoupling, whereas plants with limited water access would rely on other mechanisms to avoid lethal temperatures. Instead, evidence for stomatal decoupling was found regardless of plant water access. Transpiration of well‐watered plants was 23% higher than model predictions during heatwaves, which effectively cooled leaves below air temperature. For hotter, droughted plants, the increase in transpiration during heatwaves was even more pronounced—gs was 77% higher than model predictions. Stomatal decoupling was found for most broadleaf evergreen and broadleaf deciduous species at the urban site, including some wilted trees with limited water access. Decoupling may simply be a passive consequence of the physical effects of high temperature on plant leaves through increased cuticular conductance of water vapor, or stomatal decoupling may be an adaptive response that is actively regulated by stomatal opening under high temperatures. This temperature response is not yet included in any land surface model, suggesting that model predictions of evapotranspiration may be underpredicted at high temperature and high VPD.
Patient and healthcare professionals' perceptions of a combined blood and faecal immunochemical test for excluding colorectal cancer diagnosis in primary care
Authors: Nelson Kayleigh , Carter Kym , Hepburn Julie , Hill Ian , Hurlow Claire , O'Neill Claire , Tang Alethea , Harris Dean A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals on Raman‐faecal immunochemical test (FIT) as an alternative test for colorectal cancer exclusion in primary care.DesignSemi‐structured interviews within a feasibility study.SettingPatients presenting to primary care with colorectal symptoms and healthcare professionals working in primary and secondary care.ParticipantsA total of 23 patients and 12 healthcare professionals.MethodsPatient participants were asked to complete a novel combined Raman‐FIT test before being seen in secondary care. This study sought their opinions about the test. We also sought the views of healthcare professionals.FindingsPatients and healthcare professionals agreed that Raman‐FIT was a suitable test to be given in primary care. It aligned with routine practice and was a simple test for most patients to complete.ConclusionsPatients are willing and able to complete the Raman‐FIT test in primary care. Raman‐FIT may accelerate access to diagnosis with the potential to improve cancer outcomes.Patient and Public InvolvementLay members (J. H. and I. H.) with experience and knowledge of colorectal cancer and screening contributed to developing, undertaking, and disseminating all aspects of the research. They were supported to collaborate as equal members of the research team. They were involved in developing the study as coapplicants, using personal experience to ensure that the research and its methods were relevant to the patient and public needs. Both prepared participant information sheets, coanalysed data, and contributed to study reporting and dissemination through papers, conference presentations and a lay summary.