bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency EDM based on a composite pulse current
Authors: Yue Xiaoming , Sun Qi , Fan Ji , Han Jiaxuan , Zhang Qinhe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
EDM technology is still facing a big bottleneck problem unsolved: low molten material removal rate, resulting in low machining speed and poor surface quality. To improve the material removal amount in each discharge process of EDM, the composite pulse current waveforms were proposed. The single pulse discharge experiments demonstrate that under the same discharge energy, the material removal volume in the discharge with the end composite pulse could be twice as high as that with the square pulse. Furthermore, due to high molten material removal rate of the end composite pulse, the thickness of the recast layer generated in the discharge with the end composite pulse was much thinner than that with the square pulse under the same discharge energy. The MD simulation results also reveal that in the discharge with the end composite pulse, the basic current mainly melted the material to form a larger molten pool, then, the inrush current, which has higher energy density and higher material removal motivity, could remove the molten pool material largely. Thus, the end composite pulse can improve the molten material removal rate and decrease the recast layer. Finally, EDM milling experiments show that higher average material removal volume in each discharge process of EDM milling with the end composite pulse was the main reason for higher material removal rate (MRR) in EDM milling with the end composite pulse. In addition, the relative tool wear ratio (RTWR) in EDM milling with the end composite pulse can be approximately equal to or slightly lower than that with the square pulse at a high material removal rate in EDM milling, which shows a great application potential of the end composite pulse in EDM.
A correct-by-construction approach for development of reliable planning problems
Authors: Ammar Sabrine , Rouis Taoufik Sakka , Bhiri Mohamed Tahar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The automatic planning community has developed a defacto standard planning language called PDDL. Using the PDDL tools, the reliability of PDDL descriptions can only be posteriori examined. However, the Event-B method supports a rich refinement technique that is mathematically proven. This allows the step-by-step correct construction of Event-B models. In order to specify and solve the planning problems, a development process based on the combination of Event-B and PDDL is proposed. Our development process begins with modeling the planning problem by an Event-B abstract model. Through successive refinements, an Event-B ultimate model correct by construction is obtained. Then, using our Event-B2PDDL Eclipce plugin, the Event-B ultimate model can be automatically translated into a PDDL description. Thus, the resulting PDDL description can be considered correct by construction. Finally, using the PDDL planner tool on this generated PDDL description, plan-solutions related to the planning problems initially described by an Event-B model can be produced. Our process is successfully experimented on a set of representative case studies.
Adaptation of a community health outreach model during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of the Mexican Consulates in the United States of America
Authors: Gaitán-Rossi Pablo , Vilar-Compte Mireya , Bustamante Arturo Vargas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Ventanillas de Salud (VDS – “Health Windows”) are a culturally sensitive outreach program within the 49 Mexican Consulates in the United States that provides information and health care navigation support to underserved and uninsured Mexican immigrants. During the COVID-19 pandemic the VDS rapidly transitioned to remote operations adding new services. Based on the EquIR implementation framework, this qualitative study investigates from an equity perspective how adaptations to improve emergency preparedness were performed. We conducted motivational interviews with three actors – six VDS coordinators, eight partner organizations, and ten VDS users– to document specific needs of the target population and identify implementation processes to adapt and continue outreach services. The VDS adapted their model by adding new services for emerging needs, by switching service provision modalities, and by expanding the network of partner organizations. According to the VDS staff, these adaptations increased their topics, depth, reach, and diversified their users. Users had mostly positive opinions about the VDS adaptation, although they highlighted some heterogeneity across service provision. The VDS is a public health intervention able to serve a marginalized population and its implementation offers valuable lessons to complement health systems and to improve preparedness and resiliency for future crises.
Gendered effects of climate shock, formal and informal financial institutions, and welfare in post-conflict Somalia
Authors: Mesfin Hiwot , Ahmed Musa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of climate shock on Somali households' welfare status and examines the mediating roles of formal and informal financial institutions—mobile banking and remittances—in enhancing households' coping capacity. Using representative panel data, we show that climate shock has adverse effects on multiple welfare indicators for both female-and male-headed households. However, we find that female-headed households are more likely to fall below the poverty line, have a larger poverty depth, and shift their diet due to climate shock than male-headed households. Interestingly, we find that remittances decrease following climate shock, both on average and for female-headed households, but such reduction does not have a significant adverse effect on the households' coping ability. This could be an indication that Somali households rely on other coping mechanisms to shocks than remittances. Similarly, even though we find that mobile money increases the likelihood of receiving remittances, we find no evidence that this translates into a higher coping ability to climate shock. Further investigation is needed to identify Somali households' coping strategies.
JEL Classification: D14; E42; G23; I3; L96; O17; Q54
Rehydration post-orientation: investigating field-induced structural changes via computational rehydration
Authors: Brodmerkel Maxim N , De Santis Emiliano , Caleman Carl , Marklund Erik G 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Proteins can be oriented in the gas phase using strong electric fields, which brings advantages for structure determination using X-ray free electron lasers. Both the vacuum conditions and the electric-field exposure risk damaging the protein structures. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to rehydrate and relax vacuum and electric-field exposed proteins in aqueous solution, which simulates a refinement of structure models derived from oriented gas-phase proteins. We find that the impact of the strong electric fields on the protein structures is of minor importance after rehydration, compared to the vacuum exposure and ionization in electrospraying. The structures did not fully relax back to their native structure in solution on the simulated timescales of 200 ns, but they recover several features, including native-like intra-protein contacts, which suggests that the structures remain in a state from which the fully native structure is accessible. Our findings imply that the electric fields used in native mass spectrometry are well below a destructive level, and that structures inferred from X-ray diffraction from gas-phase proteins are relevant for solution and in vivo conditions, at least after in silico rehydration.
Origin and diversification of the genera Aratinga, Eupsittula and Psittacara (Aves: Psittacidae)
Authors: Padilla-Jacobo Gabriela , Monterrubio-Rico Tiberio C. , Cano-Camacho Horacio , Zavala-Páramo María Guadalupe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The arrival of psittacines in North America is well known but undefined. It is widely accepted that the origin of these birds occurred in South America, and it has been suggested that different factors have promoted the biodiversity of birds in Mexico. However, in general, for North American psittacines there are no proposed divergence times and the possible influence of different geological events on these processes is unknown. In this study, phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and the ancestral areas of the generaAratinga,EupsittulaandPsittacaraand related genera were estimated to propose hypotheses of origin, diversification, and dispersal of groups under a Bayesian inference framework, based on mitochondrial molecular markers. We found that of the seven monophyletic clades within the Arini tribe, four coincided with the generaPsittacara,Eupsittula,Rhynchopsitta, andPyrrhura, and three clades were integrated by different genera. The generaAratingaandEupsittulaoriginated during the Miocene, and the genusPsittacaraoriginated at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary.Aratingais the oldest, followed byEupsittulaand the youngest isPsittacara.Biogeographic reconstruction suggests that the most likely origin of these genera is the Amazonian or Chaco regions. The diversification of these groups is related to geo-climatic events associated with the uplift of the central and northern portions of the Andes and the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. We propose dispersion routes from south to north in the Neotropics and the use of the Greater and Lesser Antilles as a northward path.
WITHDRAWN: N,N′-bis(salicylidene) butylene-1,4-diamine, a synthesized Schiff base, as a mixed-type inhibitor for carbon steel in HCl medium: Experimental and theoretical approaches
Authors: Kamel M. M. , Eltohamy Amal R. , Rashwan S. M. , Fouda A. S. , Awad M. K. , Atlam F. M. , Aboelmagd A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Weight loss (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PP) are utilized to investigate the effectiveness of prepared Schiff base N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-butylene-1,4-diamine (SB) as an inhibitor for the dissolution of carbon steel (CS) in 0.5 mol L-1 HCl. The SB structure is confirmed by 1HNMR and FTIR. The mitigation efficacy increased with raising the SB concentrations. The maximum efficacy is 84% at 300 ppm of the investigated inhibitor. However, at 300 ppm, the efficacy reduced from 84 to 80.7% when the temperature elevated from 298 to 333 K. The tested inhibitor reduced the corrosion current density (Icorr) and double-layer capacitance (Cdl) because of the growth of a protective film on the CS surface. The inhibitor matches the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and exhibits mixed-type inhibitor behaviour. The formation and adsorption of a consistent layer at CS in the availability of the SB compound were detected by SEM and EDX investigation. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were employed to explain the nature of the interaction between the SB molecules and the CS. The SB compound's effectiveness as an inhibitor was supported by its quantum properties.
The Interface between Abortion Practice and Community Response in Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Antehunegn  
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background: The issue of abortion is as old as human existence. People since the distant past to the present day have used it as a fertility control. It is a universal and global phenomenon, which can be influenced by the existing competing socio-cultural discourses. These discourses, in turn, had a profound effect on women’s abortion experiences (reason, intentions, and decision making process) and on the negative attitude of the community towards abortion, particularly in patriarchal societies.
Objective: To examine the interface between the lived experience of women and attitudes of the community towards abortion in Woldia Town, North Wollo Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2017.
Methods: This study employed a mixed approach: quantitative (household survey) and qualitative (FGDs, in-depth and key informant interviews and case studies) to collect relevant data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically and presented together with quantitative.
Findings: numerous contextual and structural level factors were the impediments of the practice of safe abortion in general and the lived experience of women having induced abortions and the attitude of the larger community towards abortion in particular. The constraining nature of such factors was more evident in practicing abortion than its enabling factor upon the lives of women practicing induced abortion.
Conclusion: This study claims that structural factors (religion, morality, medico-legal discourses, and gender roles) influenced the smooth functioning of safe abortion, women’ reproductive rights and lived experiences on the one hand and attitude of the community towards abortion on the other. As a result, the abortion experience of women is the result of both agency and structural level factors. Similarly, the negative attitude of the community towards abortion stigmatized women in practicing induced abortion. The findings of this study proposed policy implications both at the agency and structural levels in addressing the prevailing problems associated with societal stigma, health complications, and psychological distress of women practicing abortion.
Proposed Novel Classification of Circumscribed Lower-Grade Gliomas (cLGG) vs. Infiltrating Lower-Grade Gliomas (iLGG): Correlations of radiological features and clinical outcomes
Authors: Khan Ahsan Ali , Khalid Muhammad Usman , Bajwa Mohammad Hamza , Urooj Faiza , Tahir Izza , Angez Meher , Baqai Muhammad Waqas Saeed , Aftab Kiran , Ansari Shahabuddin , Khan Ummul Wara , Faisal Kunwer Sufyan , Ahmed Ali Azan , Enam Syed Ather 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We hypothesize that lower grade gliomas (LGG) can be identified and classified into two distinct subtypes: circumscribed Lower-Grade Gliomas (cLGG) and infiltrating Lower-Grade Gliomas (iLGG) based on radiological parameters and that these two different subtypes behave differently in terms of clinical outcomes.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study on surgical patients diagnosed with lower grade glioma over five years. Patient records and MRIs were reviewed, and neurosurgeons classified tumors into cLGG and iLGG groups.
Results
From the 165 patients in our cohort, 30 (18.2%) patients were classified as cLGG and 135 (81.8%) patients were classified as iLGG Mean age in cLGG was 31.4 years while mean age in iLGG was 37.9 years (p = 0.004). There was significant difference in mean blood loss between cLGG and iLGG groups (270 and 411 ml respectively, p = 0.020). cLGG had a significantly higher proportion of grade II tumors (p < 0.001). The overall mean survival time for the iLGG group was 14.96 ± 1.23 months, and 18.77 ± 2.72 months for the cLGG group. In univariate cox regression, the survival difference between LGG groups was not significant (HR = 0.888, p = 0.581), however on multivariate regression cLGG showed a significant (aHZ = 0.443, p = 0.015) positive correlation with survival. Intense contrast enhancement (HZ = 41.468, p = 0.018), blood loss (HZ = 1.002, p = 0.049), and moderately high Ki-67 (HZ = 4.589, p = 0.032) were also significant on univariate analyses.
Conclusion
cLGG and iLGG are radiologically distinct groups with separate prognoses, surgical experience, and associations.
Settlements of Embankments on Different Types of Soils
Authors: Boda Sandhya , Kommu Suresh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Foundation soils play an important role in which undergoing settlements of any structures based on the type of foundation. While constructing embankments on any type of foundation soil a geotechnical engineer faces a difficult problem.So, to overcome these problems, many stabilizing techniques such as adding admixtures, and ground improvement techniques like reinforcement are usedwhetherthe foundation soil is homogeneous or layered.The paper aims to determine the impact of geogrids andthe influence of reinforced granular bed stiffness of embankments founded on soft silty sandand silty sandby using Plaxis-2D software. By considering with and without a table the prediction of Embankment toe Horizontal displacementsand settlements beneath the Embankmentis explainedby varying modular rigidity on silty sand, soft soil, and silty sand.
Characterization of mating type on aroma production and metabolic properties wild Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts
Authors: Soto Pablo Jaciel Adame , Carvajal Elva Teresa Aréchiga , Herrera Silvia Marina González , Jiménez Martha Rocío Moreno , Quiñones Olga Miriam Rutiaga 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Kluyveromyces marxianus yeasts represent a valuable industry alternative due to their biotechnological potential to produce aromatic compounds. 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate are significant aromatic compounds widely used in food and cosmetics due to their pleasant odor. Natural obtention of these compounds increases their value, and because of this, bioprocesses such as de novo synthesis has become of great significance. However, the relationship between aromatic compound production and yeast's genetic diversity has yet to be studied. In the present study, the analysis of the genetic diversity in K. marxianus isolated from the natural fermentation of Agave duranguensis for Mezcal elaboration is presented. The results of strains in a haploid and diploid state added to the direct relationship between the mating type locus MAT with metabolic characteristics are studied. Growth rate, assimilate carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, and chicory inulin), and the production of aromatic compounds such as ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl butyrate and phenylethyl propionate and the diversity in terms of the output of 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylethylacetate by de novo synthesis were determinate, obtaining maximum concentrations of 51.30 and 60.39 mg/L by ITD0049 and ITD 0136 yeasts respectively.
Aflatoxicosis
Authors: Murray Edward S. 
Published: March 2023

Aflatoxicosis is a noninfectious, noncontagious intoxication of an animal with a metabolite produced by a toxic mold. It is characterized in the acute phase by death loss and in the chronic cases by consumption decrease and death loss due to hepatic and renal insufficiency. Morbidity and mortality rates range from 5 to 55%.
The etiological agents most commonly incriminated are Aspergillis flavus and Penicillium rubum. The literature states that other molds are also capable of producing toxic metabolites. As research continues and need arises, I feel sure that more molds will be found that produce toxic metabolites.
Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Powers Thomas E. 
Published: March 2023

The impact of chemotherapy on the practice of veterinary medicine cannot be overstated. It resulted in a very strong link between the disciplines of biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, and pharmacology.
For many years following the discovery of the clinical value of antimicrobial agents, production and usage far surpassed scientific research and development in the field of antimicrobial agents due to their immediate and overwhelming acceptance. It is no wonder that antibiotics and sulfonamides have often been misused by the veterinarian and physician as well as the agriculturalists.
Practical Applications of Embryo Transplanting
Authors: Armstrong C. Ancel 
Published: March 2023

The embryo transfer program is a utilizable management tool which recently became available to the dedicated seeds tock breeder. In my opinion the success or failure of embryo transplant revolves around him. We have always had a good supply of these people around and embryo transplant has been around for at least two decades. Then how come it was only developed within this decade? The reason is simple. There was not sufficient interest to fund it until the new breeds were introduced into North America ten years ago.
New Breeds, Inc.'s experience reveals that embryo transplanting is a good, practical management tool when coupled with good animal husbandry, shrewd merchandising, acceptable phenotype, and superior genetics.
How to Sell a Herd Health Program and How to Keep Records
Authors: Bohlender R. E. 
Published: March 2023

I appreciate being given the opportunity to present my ideas and methods of cow-calf herd health practice. I was asked to speak on initiation, maintenance, justification, and records that I use in my practice.
I have to know my clients well to maintain them on a program. They are as different as their problems and needs are different. My clients for various reasons may maintain records, however, for the most part these records usually reflect individual animal performance. They do not reflect herd health or herd performance over a period of years. The client contacts, of course, are usually made on a call basis. For years the caesarean operation was my first contact with many ranchers. Now, controlling the caesarean rate may attract clients to the program.
Consultant's Role in Feedlot Practice
Authors: Edwards Alvin J. 
Published: March 2023

The feedlot industry has made dramatic changes over the past ten years. Far greater numbers of cattle are being fed in areas where few cattle grazed some years ago. Many of these cattle are hauled great distancesto arrive at feedlots and fed rations that are totally foreign to their ruminant digestion systems, exposed to conditions and infective agents totally foreign to their systems, and thus present problems to their owners that are quite unlike any problems that may exist in the local cattle population. This whole phenomenon illustrates some of the problems that exist today between practicing veterinarians and the feedlot industry. For a busypractitioner, many of these changes may come about so subtly that it is very difficult to realize that a change has taken place. The rapid expansion of the feedlot industry that was experienced in the early 1970's left many veterinarians very confused as to what interest to take in the industry.
Professional consultants can make a very worthwhile contribution to a progressive feedlot industry. It seems that one of the big challenges facing the veterinary consultant is acceptance by the veterinary profession and then keeping qualified to provide sound advice for the industry. The adaptability the veterinarian has exhibited in the past is good evidence that the same "ability to adjust to the situation" will prevail with the veterinarian and the feedlot industry.
Why I Recommend The Vaccination Of Cattle For BVD
Authors: Vonderfecht Harold E. 
Published: March 2023

In the last few years, probably no one bovine immunization has received more discussion than bovine virus diarrhea (BYD) vaccination. However, in the light of more intensive field studies, laboratory evidence of its importance in bovine , respiratory disease (BRO) andabortions, greater knowledge of immunology, use of different strains of the BYD virus for production of vaccine and improved methods in the production of BYD vaccines, I believe we need to re-examin and re-evaluate the importance of BYD vaccination.