bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation of mycorrhization rates in a tree diversity experiment
Authors: Heklau Heike , Schindler Nicole , Eisenhauer Nico , Ferlian Olga , Bruelheide Helge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile mycorrhization rates have been studied in different contexts, not much is known about their temporal patterns across seasons. Here, we asked how mycorrhization rates of 10 deciduous trees assessed by microscopy changed from winter to spring to early summer. We made use of a tree diversity experiment on nutrient‐rich soil (former farmland) in Central Germany. In the experiment, saplings of host species with a preference for either arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (EM) were planted in monocultures, two‐species, and four‐species mixtures. In addition, mixtures were composed of tree species of only one mycorrhizal type or by AM/EM trees. For almost all species, with the exception of Aesculus hippocastanum and Acer pseudoplatanus (only AM), dual mycorrhization with both types (AM and EM) was found at every sampling time (December, March, and May), although the expected preferences for certain mycorrhizal types were confirmed. The sampling date had a significant influence on mycorrhization rates of both EM and AM tree species. Frequencies of EM and AM were lowest in May, but there were no differences between December and March. The causes of this seasonal variation may be associated with climate‐induced differences in carbon allocation to mycorrhizal tree roots in the temperate climate. Within individual trees, mycorrhization rates by AM and EM fungi were not correlated over time, pointing to asynchronous variation between both types and to independent drivers for AM and EM mycorrhization. At the community level, mycorrhiza frequency of either of the two types became more asynchronous from two‐species to four‐species mixtures. Thus, increased community asynchrony in mycorrhization could be another important mechanism in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships.
Unrecognized diversity, genetic structuring, and phylogeography of the genusTriplophysa(Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) sheds light on two opposite colonization routes during Quaternary glaciation that occurred in the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Du Yan‐yan , Zhang Yan‐ping , Lou Zhong‐yu , Wang Tai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the influence of historical geological and climatic events on the evolution of flora and fauna in the Tibetan Plateau has been a hot research topic. The Qilian Mountain region is one of the most important sources of biodiversity on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Many species existed in the region during the Pleistocene glacial oscillation, and the complex geographical environment provided suitable conditions for the survival of local species. The shrinkage, expansion, and transfer of the distribution range and population size of species have significant effects on genetic diversity and intraspecific differentiation. To reveal the effects of geological uplift and climate oscillation on the evolution of fish populations in the Qilian Mountains, we investigated the genetic structure, phylogenetic relationship, and phylogeographical characteristics of genusTriplophysaspecies in the Qilian Mountains using the mitochondrial DNA gene (COI), three nuclear genes (RAG1, sRH, and Myh6) and 11 pairs of nuclear microsatellite markers. We collected 11 species of genusTriplophysaliving in the Qilian Mountains, among whichTriplophysa hsutschouensisandTriplophysa papillosolabiataare widely distributed in the rivers on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains. There was a high degree of lineage differentiation among species, and the genetic diversity of endemic species was low. The different geographical groups ofT. papillosolabiatapresented some allogeneic adaptation and differentiation, which was closely related to the changes in the river system. Except for the population expansion event ofT. hsutschouensisduring the last glacial period of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (0.025 MYA), the population sizes of other plateau loach species remained stable without significant population expansion. Starting from the east and west sides of the Qilian Mountains,T. hsutschouensis, andT. papillosolabiatashowed two species colonization routes in opposite directions. The geological events of the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and the climatic oscillation of the Quaternary glaciation had a great influence on the genetic structure of the plateau loach in the Qilian Mountains, which promoted the genetic differentiation of the plateau loach and formed some unique new species. The results of this study have important guiding significance for fish habitat protection in the Qilian Mountains.
Temperature along an elevation gradient determines Galapagos tortoise sex ratios
Authors: Deem Sharon L. , Rivera Sam , Nieto‐Claudin Ainoa , Emmel Evan , Cabrera Freddy , Blake Stephen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change threatens endemic island ectothermic reptiles that display small population sizes and temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD). Studies of captive Galapagos tortoises demonstrate type A TSD with warmer incubation temperatures producing females. However, there are few published data from free‐living Galapagos tortoises on incubation temperature regimes, and none on hatchling sex ratios in the wild or the potential impacts of climate change on future sex ratios. We sought to address these deficits by quantifying incubation temperatures of nests and sex ratios of juvenile tortoises along an elevation gradient on Santa Cruz Island. We focused on three geographically separated nesting zones with mean elevations of 14 m (lower), 57 m (middle), and 107 m (upper) above sea level. Nest temperatures in 54 nests distributed across the three nesting zones were measured every 4 h throughout the incubation period using iButton thermochrons. We used coelioscopy to conduct visual exams of gonads to determine the sex of 40 juvenile tortoises from the three nesting zones. During the middle trimester of incubation, the period during which sex is determined in turtles, mean nest temperatures were 25.75°C (SD = 1.08) in the upper zone, and 27.02°C (SD = 1.09), and 27.09°C (SD = 0.85) in the middle and lower zones, respectively. The proportion of juveniles that was male increased from 11.1% in the lower zone and 9.5% in the middle zone, to 80% in the upper zone. A ca. 50 m increase in elevation induced a decrease of >1.25°C in mean nest temperature during the second trimester of incubation. Over the same elevation change, the proportion of males in the juvenile tortoise population increased by ca. 70%. Temperatures on Galapagos are predicted to increase by 1‐4°C over the next 50 years, which is likely to increase the frequency of female tortoises across the archipelago.
Increasing human environmental footprint does not lead to biotic homogenization of forest bird communities in northern USA
Authors: Le Tortorec Eric , Häkkilä Matti , Zlonis Edmund , Niemi Gerald , Mönkkönen Mikko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStudies have shown negative impacts of increased human pressures on biodiversity at local (alpha‐diversity) and regional (gamma‐diversity) scales. However, the diversity between local sites (beta‐diversity) has received less attention. This is an important shortcoming since beta‐diversity acts as a linkage between the local and regional scales. Decreased beta‐diversity means that local sites lose their distinctiveness, becoming more similar to each other. This process is known as biotic homogenization. However, the mechanisms causing biotic homogenization have not been fully studied nor its impacts on different facets of biodiversity. We examined if land‐use change due to human actions causes biotic homogenization of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in bird communities of forested habitats in the state of Minnesota, USA. We address if forest loss and increased human domination in a region were associated with decreased beta‐diversity. Our results showed that elevated human pressure was not related to increased biotic homogenization in this study region. Effects of landscape change were incongruent among taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. At all spatial scales, taxonomic diversity was unrelated to forest loss or human domination. Interestingly, increased human domination appeared to increase the functional beta‐diversity of bird communities. This association was driven by a decrease in local diversity. Forest habitat loss was associated with decreasing functional and phylogenetic diversity in local communities (alpha‐diversity) and in regional species pool (gamma‐diversity), but not in beta‐diversity. We highlight the importance of considering multiple facets of biodiversity as their responses to human land‐use is varied. Conservation significance of beta‐diversity hinges on local and regional diversity responses to human land‐use intensification, and organization of biodiversity should therefore be analyzed at multiple spatial scales.
Investigation of mechanical, thermal, and acoustic performance of insulation materials containing microwave and ultrasound pretreated coffee wastes and estimation of thermal parameters using artificial neural network
Authors: Yildiz Fatmagul Kivrak , Kalem Merve Sogancioglu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a result of increasing coffee consumption in the world, the amount of coffee waste, which is an important environmental problem, is increasing. Due to their complex organic properties, they should not be discharged to landfills. At the same time, these wastes with a porous and cellulosic structure, have high acoustic and heat insulation performances in the building material they are used. In this study, commercial coffee wastes were evaluated without pre‐treatment (CW) and with microwave (MCW) and ultrasound (UCW) pre‐treatment in insulation plaster containing boron. First, the morphological, thermal, and chemical properties of coffee wastes were determined by SEM, TGA, and FTIR analyzes. CW, MCW, and UCW wastes were replaced with insulation plaster at rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and acoustic properties of insulation plasters produced from coffee waste were determined by the analysis methods given in Turkish Standards. According to the results, insulation plasters obtained from pre‐treated wastes were more efficient in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. In terms of thermal and acoustic insulation, UCW30 insulation plasters showed the best performance. Thermal conductivity values were estimated by entering dosage, density, water absorption, bond strength, compressive strength, and moisture values as input dataset to artificial neural network (ANN). The developed ANN model and the experimentally obtained data were compared and it was observed that the results were in harmony. As a result, with this study, a new generation green insulation material was produced by recycling coffee wastes. In this way, a different solution has been found for an important environmental problem.
COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women attending tertiary care centre: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Sharma Sumedha , Nigam Aruna , Panasar Sanjeet , Kumar Siddharth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination during pregnancy and to discover factors that lead to non‐acceptance of vaccine.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Science & Research, New Delhi over a period of 3 months through a web‐based questionnaire via Google form. The questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach α for internal consistency, which was 0.795.ResultsNews (74%) was the major source of knowledge among pregnant women. Around 60% women were not willing to receive the vaccine, mainly because of their fear of a harmful effect on pregnancy. The anticipated vaccine acceptance rate was 41% but actual vaccine acceptance rate in pregnancy was 7.3%.ConclusionEfforts should be made to reduce the gap of knowledge regarding vaccine among pregnant women.
Prevalence of Monogenic Bone Disorders in a Dutch Cohort of Atypical Femur Fracture Patients
Authors: Zhou Wei , van Rooij Jeroen GJ , van de Laarschot Denise M , Zervou Zografia , Bruggenwirth Hennie , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M , Ebeling Peter R , Demirdas Serwet , Verkerk Annemieke JMH , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Atypical femur fractures (AFFs), considered rare associations of bisphosphonates, have also been reported in patients with monogenic bone disorders without bisphosphonate use. The exact association between AFFs and monogenic bone disorders remains unknown. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of monogenic bone disorders in a Dutch AFF cohort. AFF patients were recruited from two specialist bone centers in the Netherlands. Medical records of the AFF patients were reviewed for clinical features of monogenic bone disorders. Genetic variants identified by whole-exome sequencing in 37 candidate genes involved in monogenic bone disorders were classified based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification guidelines. Copy number variations overlapping the candidate genes were also evaluated using DNA array genotyping data. The cohort comprises 60 AFF patients (including a pair of siblings), with 95% having received bisphosphonates. Fifteen AFF patients (25%) had clinical features of monogenic bone disorders. Eight of them (54%), including the pair of siblings, had a (likely) pathogenic variant in either PLS3, COL1A2, LRP5, or ALPL. One patient carried a likely pathogenic variant in TCIRG1 among patients not suspected of monogenic bone disorders (2%). In total, nine patients in this AFF cohort (15%) had a (likely) pathogenic variant. In one patient, we identified a 12.7 Mb deletion in chromosome 6, encompassing TENT5A. The findings indicate a strong relationship between AFFs and monogenic bone disorders, particularly osteogenesis imperfecta and hypophosphatasia, but mainly in individuals with symptoms of these disorders. The high yield of (likely) pathogenic variants in AFF patients with a clinical suspicion of these disorders stresses the importance of careful clinical evaluation of AFF patients. Although the relevance of bisphosphonate use in this relationship is currently unclear, clinicians should consider these findings in medical management of these patients. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Mental accounting of product returns
Authors: Lee Chang‐Yuan , Morewedge Carey K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProduct returns incur a substantial financial loss for retailers. We demonstrate how, when, and why cross‐selling during the product returns process can reduce this loss in revenue. We find consumers more readily spend money refunded from product returns than unspent money. We theorize that this refund effect occurs because consumers psychologically realize the loss of money when purchasing products and earmark that money for spending. Thus, consumers feel a smaller psychological loss when spending refunded money than unspent money on a subsequent purchase. In six experiments, we find consumers spend refunded money more freely than unspent money, even more than windfall gains like lottery winnings, on products in similar and different product categories (e.g., groceries vs. apparel). However, the refund effect only holds when consumers do not expect to return products at the point of purchase and before refunded money is commingled with money in other accounts. Our findings identify a new fungibility violation due to mental accounting (i.e., a new source effect), and illustrate its value for generating, validating, and explaining revenue retention strategies.
In situ liquid cell SEM observation of dynamic processes of Au nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Xin , Tan Liyi , Cheng Siyu , Liu Yang , Zhu Mengqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn situ liquid cell electron microscopy (LC‐EM) is a powerful platform for real time nanoscale imaging of liquid systems. In situ liquid cell scanning electron microscopy (LC‐SEM) as a relatively low cost and potentially more convenient characterization method, has not been as widely used as compared to in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LC‐TEM). This paper reports a real time high resolution and comprehensive characterization of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoparticle clusters (NPCs), which are surface‐decorated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), in an oleic acid (OA) emulsion system with LC‐SEM. Single NP resolution images are routinely collected with both secondary electron (SE) and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging modes, with different SEM systems. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping data clearly demonstrates the single particle level chemical element distributions, particle stacking structure, as well as the preferred distribution of OA molecules on the Au particle surfaces. Moreover, both liquid droplet growth and particle motions are observed with LC‐SEM, among which, ways for faster tracking the single particle level dynamic motion behavior of Au NPs and NPCs are explored. We expect that our work will bring new insight of high resolution and fast analysis in a broad range of materials in liquid with LC‐SEM.
Antibacterial activity of novel synthesized chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐tertiary butylacrylamide)/neodymium composites for biomedical application
Authors: Yazdıç Ferit Can , Karaman Altuğ , Torğut Gülben , Ayhan Nagihan Karaaslan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this present study, composites of chitosan‐graft‐poly(N‐tertiary butylacrylamide) (CH‐graft‐poly(N‑tert‑BAAm)) copolymer, with Neodymium (Nd), an important rare earth element, were prepared by precipitation technique. Nd was successfully incorporated into the polymer of different weight percentages (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) without any degradation. The effect of neodymium additives on the structural, morphological, and antibacterial activities against gram‐positive bacteria and gram‐negative bacteria of the polymer was analyzed using various instrument techniques. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results together with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) studies confirmed the morphology of Nd‐doped CH‐graft‐poly(N‑tert‑BAAm) composites without any other impurities. The antibacterial effect of Nd was studied by adding it to the copolymer in a weight ratio of 0.5%–2%. The antibacterial effect of neodymium concentration on four different strains of bacteria was investigated: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (DSM 50071) (P. aeruginosa), Bacillus subtilis (DSM 1971) (B. subtilis), and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923) (S. aureus). The antibacterial activities of the obtained composites were determined using the Agar Well Diffusion Assay Method. Experimental results show that Nd binds well to CH‐graft‐poly(N‑tert‑BAAm). Activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus subsp. aureus creates a potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Efficacy of rice husk and halophilic bacterial biofilms in the treatment of saline water
Authors: Ahsan Yousra , Aisha Waheed Qurashi  , Liaqat Iram , Latif Asma , Afzaal Muhammad , Khalid Awais , Sardar Andleeb A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater salinity causes less production of agricultural productivity, low economic returns, soil destructions, less sustainability, and reduction in the germination rate. The current study was aimed to understand the combined potential of halophilic bacteria and rice husk in treating water salinity. In total, 10 halophilic bacterial isolates were isolated from Khewra Mines, Pakistan. Bacterial isolates were characterized by biochemical tests. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolate SO 1 as Bacillus safensis (accession number ON203008) being the promising halophilic bacteria tolerating upto 3 M NaCl concentration. Next, rice husk was used as carbon source for bacterial biofilm formation, growth and propagation. For saline water treatment, the experimental setting comprising glass wool, rice husk and artificial sea water (3 M) was set. B. safensis biofilm was developed in test samples to desaline the saline water containing 3 M NaCl concentration. Following NaCl decline, flame photometric analysis was used to check the desalination extent of treated saline water. Results showed decreased sodium level in sea water in the presence of rice husk and glass wool. The eluted water used for the germination of Zea mays seeds showed improved growth performance. Also, decreased photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll “a” = 18.99, and chlorophyll “b” = 10.65), sugar contents (0.7593), and increased carotenoid (1526.91), protein contents (0.4521) were noted compared to control. This eco‐friendly approach for bioremediation of salt‐affected soils to optimize crop yields under stress through halophilic bacteria and rice husk may overcome the problem of the reduced yield of cash crops/agriculture and water shortage by salinity.
Simultaneous quantification of fatty acids in serum with dual derivatization by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Zhibo , Xu Xuefeng , Lin Chuhui , Yang Haoyu , Zhao Linghao , Zhou Yuanyuan , Song Yanbin , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongyang , Hu Ping 
Published: April 2023

Fatty acids have multitudinous biological functions and play a crucial role in many biological processes, but due to poor ionization efficiency and lack of appropriate internal standards, the comprehensive quantification of fatty acids by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry is still challenging. In this study, a new, accurate, and reliable method for quantifying 30 fatty acids in serum using dual derivatization was proposed. Indole‐3‐acetic acid hydrazide derivants of fatty acids were used as the internal standard and indole‐3‐carboxylic acid hydrazide derivants of them were used to quantify. The derivatization conditions were systematically optimized and the method validation results showed good linearity with R2 > 0.9942, low detection limit (0.03–0.6 nM), precision (1.6%–9.8% for intra‐day and 4.6%–14.1% for inter‐day), recovery (88.2%–107.2% with relative standard deviation < 10.5%), matrix effect (88.3%–105.2% with the relative standard deviation < 9.9%) and stability (3.4%–13.8% for fatty acids derivants in 24 h at 4°C and 4.2%–13.8% for three freeze‐thaw cycles). Finally, this method was successfully applied to quantify fatty acids in serum samples of Alzheimer's patients. In contrast to the healthy control group, nine fatty acids showed a significant increase in the Alzheimer's disease group.
Comparison of the outcomes of anterolateral thigh flap and peroneal flap in total laryngectomy reconstruction
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Hsuan , Chen I‐Wen , Lin Cheng‐Ta , Yang Kuo‐Chung , Liu Wen‐Chung , Chiu Ching‐Ching , Lee Shih‐Yu , Chen Lee‐Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe usually use an ALT or peroneal flap in total laryngectomy reconstruction, depending on the surgeons' preference. No direct comparison of the outcomes of the ALT flap and peroneal flap exists.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2022, we reviewed patients who had total laryngectomy and were reconstructed with an ALT flap and peroneal flap. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected and compared.ResultsThe peroneal group had a significantly higher risk of neopharynx leakage (40% vs. 13.2%, p = .020) and late pharyngocutaneous fistula formation (30% vs. 5.3%, p = .009) than the ALT group. Peroneal flap was found to be the only independent risk factor for neopharynx leakage (p = .025, odds ratio [OR] = 5.5) and late pharyngocutaneous fistula formation (p = .02, OR = 7.7) in multivariate logistic regression.ConclusionIn the reconstruction of total laryngectomy, the ALT flap is preferable over the peroneal flap.