bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence, Clinical features, and Management of Essential Infantile Esotropia in the United Kingdom. A British Ophthalmology Surveillance Unit (BOSU) study
Authors: Yeo Damien , Davies Ryan , Watkins William , Watts Patrick 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
A national study was undertaken through the British ophthalmology surveillance unit (BOSU) to determine the incidence presenting features and management of essential infantile esotropia (EIE) in the UK
Methods
Data from a prospective national observational study of newly diagnosed EIE presenting to clinicians in the United Kingdom over a 12-month period was collected. Cases with a confirmed diagnosis by a clinician of a constant, non-accommodative esotropia ≥ 20 prism dioptres (PD), presenting at ≤ 12months, with no neurological or ocular abnormalities were identified through BOSU. Follow up data was collected at 12 months.
Results
A total of 57 cases were reported giving an incidence of EIE of 1 in 12,828 live births. The mean age of diagnosis and intervention were 7.05 ± 2.6 months (range 2 to 12 months) and 14.7 ± 4.9 (range 6.5–28.1 months) respectively. Management was surgical in 59.6%, and botulinum toxin alone in 22.8%, 17.5% were observed. The preoperative angle of esotropia was smaller in the observation group (P = 0.04). The post-operative angle of esotropia was not statistically significant between botulinum toxin or surgery (P = 0.3) though the age of intervention was earlier in the botulinum group (P = 0.007). Early intervention did not influence the motor post intervention outcomes between 0–10 prism dioptres of esotropia (P = 0.78).
Conclusions
The incidence of EIE in the UK is considerably lower than reported in other population-based studies. The preferred method of treatment was surgical with earlier intervention in those treated with botulinum toxin. An early age of intervention did not influence motor outcomes.
Study of synthesis and characterization of ZnO, TiO2, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles/nanocomposites and evaluation of their photocatalytic dye degradation capabilities against Rhodamine-B and Methylene blue.
Authors: Barua Bhargab Madhab , BHUSHAN MAYANK , Singh Laishram Robindro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A facile wet-chemical approach was adopted to synthesize zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron (II/III) oxide, followed by synthesis of ZnO-TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposite via physical mixing. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in order to investigate various physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared samples. Furthermore, the catalytic reduction performance of prepared nanomaterials was studied by Methylene blue (MB), and Rhodamine-B (Rh-B) removal in aqueous solutions under UV/visible light illumination. It has been observed that, the degradation efficiency of the nanocomposite was equivalent or, slightly better than TiO2 nanoparticles, and higher than ZnO nanoparticles against both the dye solution. While its removal efficiency using external magnetic field is much higher than the constituent nanoparticles, owing to its higher saturation magnetization. So, the obtained results suggest that, produced nanocomposite can be employed as high potential catalyst for the reduction of organic dyes and pollutants in waste water treatments.
Recalled age of myopia onset may predict risk of high adult myopia in China
Authors: Mao Chunjie , Zhang Xiaodan , Liao Mengyu , Zhu Xinlei , Wang Tian , Xie Ruotian , Zhang Haokun , Yang Tiantian , He Kai , Guo Miao , Zhu Yanfang , Lei Yi , Li Yiming , Yao Ling , Cui Bohao , Miao Yuyang , Han Han , Zhao Xiao , Song Yinting , Sun Zhiyong , Yu Jinguo , Zhou Wei , Zhu Yun , Yan Hua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the relationship between age of myopia onset and high myopia; To explore if age of onset mediates the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.
Design:
Case-control study
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled myopic patients aged 18 to 40 years at Tianjin Airport Medical Examination Center. Information on age of myopia onset and other risk factors was obtained via a detailed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were utilized to assess age of onset in relation to high myopia and spherical equivalent refractive error, respectively. Structural equation models examined the mediated effect of onset age on the association between parental myopia, time spent on electronics and high myopia.
Results
An early age at myopia onset was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive power. Subjects who developed myopia before the age of 12 were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those who developed myopia after the age of 15. Age of myopia onset was the strongest predictor of high myopia, with an area under the curve (AUC) in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis of 0.80. Conceptualized structural equation model supported the hypothesized mediation. Specifically, parental myopia and time spent on electronics predicted myopia onset age, and an earlier onset age was associated with increased probability of developing high myopia in adulthood.
Conclusions
Age of myopia onset might be the single best predictor for high myopia, and age at onset appeared to mediate the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.
An Advanced Peaking Method for Improved Hydropower Plant Regulation and Power Grid Management
Authors: Liu Chang , Mo Li , Zhang Yongchuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydropower, as a crucial component of power grid systems, plays an essential role in peak regulation due to its fast start-stop and high-speed climbing capabilities. Current hydropower peak regulation methods struggle to consider complex load demand and the highly coupled characteristics of runoff simultaneously. This study proposes the Adaptive Segmented Cutting Load Algorithm (ASCLA) to restructure the power station's load process and segment the scheduling period based on load characteristics, ensuring hydropower stations operate in peak regulation mode throughout the entire cycle. The method determines each sub-scheduling period's peak regulation depth based on runoff characteristics and considers factors impacting peak regulation capability. To minimize the residual load's rolling data window standard deviation, we apply ASCLA to the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) simulation. We introduce four evaluation indicators: Mean Squared Deviation of the Rolling Window (MSDRW), total time variation of residual load, peak residual load, and response time to assess peak regulation effectiveness. Our method can handle peak regulation demands under varying runoff conditions, providing feasible scheduling solutions. Simulations and analyses reveal ASCLA demonstrates stronger load tracking ability, a broader adjustment range of load peaks and valleys, and a more significant peak regulation effect compared to the conventional method. Finer segmentation of sub-scheduling periods and final water level determination under conditions of higher load variability and drier runoff optimizes the power station's regulation capacity and meets the power grid's operational needs. In conclusion, our research develops a comprehensive and adaptable peak regulation scheduling model for hydropower stations, offering more effective solutions to address challenges related to extreme weather events and renewable energy integration.
What Strengthens Protein-Protein Interactions: Analysis and Applications of Residue Correlation Networks
Authors: Chang Chia-en , Hung Ta I , Hsieh Yun-Jung , Lu Wei-Lin , Wu Kuen-Phon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Identifying critical residues in protein-protein binding and efficiently designing stable and specific protein binders to target another protein is challenging. In addition to direct contacts in a protein-protein binding interface, our study employs computation modeling to reveal the essential network of residue interaction and dihedral angle correlation critical in protein-protein recognition. We propose that mutating residues regions exhibited highly correlated motions within the interaction network can efficiently optimize protein-protein interactions to create tight and selective protein binders. We validated our strategy using ubiquitin (Ub) and MERS coronaviral papain-like protease (PLpro) complexes, where Ub is one central player in many cellular functions and PLpro is an antiviral drug target. Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental assays were used to predict and verify our designed Ub variant (UbV) binders. Our designed UbV with 3 mutated residues resulted in a ~3,500-fold increase in functional inhibition, compared with the wild-type Ub. Further optimization by incorporating 2 more residues within the network, the 5-point mutant achieved a KD of 1.5 nM and IC50 of 9.7 nM. The modification led to a 27,500-fold and 5,500-fold enhancements in affinity and potency, respectively, as well as improved selectivity, without destabilizing the UbV structure. Our study illustrates the importance of residue correlation and interaction networks in protein-protein interaction and introduces a new approach that can effectively design high affinity protein binder for cell biology studies and future therapeutic solution.
Branched fat synthesizing Bacillus subtilis improves gastrointestinal symptoms. A phase 1/2A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Patch Craig , Pearce Alan J , Cheng Mek , Boyapati Ray , Brenna J Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a common, difficult to manage condition. Branched chain fatty acids are emerging as a dietary component that influence gastrointestinal (GI) health. We conducted a double blinded randomized controlled trial of a proprietary strain of deactivated Bacillus subtilis (BG01-4™) that produce branched change fatty acids (BCFA) in the lower GI tract to treat self-reported FGID.
Methods
Participants (n = 67) completed a four-week intervention of BG01-4™ (n = 34) or placebo (n = 33). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) served as the outcome measure, collected prior to, at two-weeks, and at the four-week completion of the intervention.
Results
At four weeks one of three primary outcomes, constipation in the experimental group, was improved compared to placebo; both other primary outcomes Total GCRS and diarrhoea, were significantly improved in both experimental and placebo groups. The pre-planned secondary outcome indigestion was improved at four weeks compared to entry with trend to significance compared to placebo (p = 0.079). Exploratory analysis revealed clusters for constipation (18% improvement, p < 0.001), indigestion (11% improvement, p = 0.04), and dyspepsia (10% improvement, p = 0.04), were significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the placebo.
Conclusions
These initial findings suggest that in people with self-reported FGID, BG01-4™ improves specific symptoms of constipation and related GI dysfunction, potentially mediated via synthesis of BCFA. Longer term confirmatory studies for this intervention are warranted.
Trial registration:
This study was registered prospectively (25/10/2021) at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621001441808).
Non-coplanar helimagnetism in the layered van-der-Waals metal DyTe3
Authors: Akatsuka Shun , Gao Shang , Aji Seno , Onuki Yoshichika , Arima Taka-hisa , Nakajima Taro , Hirschberger Max , Esser Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Magnetic materials with highly anisotropic chemical bonding can be exfoliated to realize ultrathin sheets or interfaces with highly controllable optical or spintronics responses, while also promising novel cross-correlation phenomena between electric polarization and the magnetic texture. The vast majority of these van-der-Waals magnets are collinear ferro-, ferri-, or antiferromagnets, with a particular scarcity of lattice-incommensurate helimagnets of defined left- or right-handed rotation sense, or helicity. Here we use polarized neutron scattering to reveal cycloidal, or conical, magnetic structures in DyTe3, where insulating double-slabs of dysprosium square nets are separated by highly metallic tellurium layers. We identify a hierarchy of energy scales with - in order of decreasing strength - antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and periodic modulations of the exchange energy. The latter are attributed to magneto-elastic coupling to the unconventional charge order in DyTe3. This easily cleavable metallic helimagnet also hosts a complex magnetic phase diagram indicative of competing interactions. Our work paves the way for twistronics research, where helimagnetic layers can be combined to form complex spin textures on-demand, using the vast family of rare earth chalcogenides and beyond.
Unique evidence of atypical lymphocytes and flower cells in indigenous Xikrin do Bacajá people infected with HTLV-2
Authors: Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Gonçalves Janete Silvana Souza , Abreu Isabella Nogueira , Freitas Vanessa Oliveira , Lima Carlos Neandro Cordeiro , Botelho Bruno Sarmento , Sacuena Eliene Rodrigues Putira , Souza Ana Maria Almeida , Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres , Guerreiro João Farias , Ishak Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The presence of lymphocytic alterations in the blood of indigenous people infected with human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) was investigated in peripheral blood smears from 25 indigenous people of the Xikrin do Bacajá ethnicity (11 men and 14 women) diagnosed with HTLV-2 infection by Western blot and qPCR. Smears were stained using the Leishman method and examined for lymphocyte morphology under an optical microscope. A group of 25 individuals seronegative for HTLV-1/2 infection were used as controls. Among the HTLV-2-infected group, six slides (24%) showed atypical lymphocytes (05 with atypical lymphocytes and 01 with petal-shaped nuclei usually referred to as flower cells). The finding was significantly different from that observed among the noninfected group, in which no lymphocytic alteration was observed (p=0.0223). This unique finding is reported for the first time among indigenous peoples and suggests that HTLV-2 infection may be associated with lymphocytic alterations, reinforcing the need for a larger and more detailed clinical study of people living with HTLV-2, particularly the indigenous populations of the Amazon in which the infection is hyperendemic.
Photocatalytic Wood Window for Indoor Urea Degradation
Authors: Huang Changzhu , Dai Wei , Deng Shimao , Wang Ranhao , Tian Yixin , ShangGuan Yangzi , Liang Jiaxin , Liu Xiaolin , Lin Jia , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Advanced smart devices for indoor organic pollutant treatment to ensure a clean indoor environment are highly important for sustainable human health. Herein, a functional wood window capable of photocatalytic degrading the indoor pollutants urea has been developed while maintaining good light transparency and gas exchanging capability. Benefiting from the photocatalytic oxygen (O2) reduction capacity of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin integrating with wood (RF@wood). The urea can be degraded entirely via the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) originating from the photocatalytic splitting of H2O2. By further employing a large-scale (150 mm × 200 mm) RF@wood window for the public bathroom urea pollution control, 100% urea removal efficiency is achieved within 1 h. This novel functional wood window for effective indoor atmospheric urea control may inspire future research on environmentally functional and intelligent furniture design.
Will Our Trousers Fit After the Quarantine? Effects of COVID-19 Lockdowns and Digital Social Support on Personal Health Choices
Authors: Banerjee Tannista , Nayak Arnab , Xing Yiyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background: In this paper, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 lock-downs on individual health choices, especially weight management. Method: Exploiting rich consumer-level data, we find that introducing the shelter-in-place (SIP) order leads to a significant increase in calorie consumption, an increase in the weekly number of calories burned via physical exercise (by 39.845 units), and a one percentage point reduction in the probability of being obese. Results: Result suggests that individuals with active text-based coach messaging are more likely to achieve their health investment goals compared with their inactive counterparts. Concretely, more digitally active people increase their inputs in managing calorie consumption by setting a more restrictive calorie budget than those receiving less text-based coach messaging. Conclusion: These results indicate that reducing obesity via these SIP orders and digital social support during the pandemic saved the U.S. health care system $1.47 billion. JEL codes: I12, I18, I31
Autophagy induces hair follicle stem cell activation and hair follicle regeneration by regulating glycolysis
Authors: Sun Pingping , Wang Zhan , Li Sixiao , Liu Shizhao , Gan Yuyang , Lin Zhen , Wang Hailin , Fan Zhexiang , Qu Qian , Hu Zhiqi , Li Kaitao , Miao Yong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are usually in a resting state and are activated during the transition from telogen to anagen phases to ensure that the hair follicle enters a new cycle. Macroautophagy/autophagy regulates stem cell metabolic behavior in tissues, and changes in HFSC metabolism directly affect HFSC activation and maintenance. However, the role of autophagy in the regulation of HFSC metabolism and function remains unclear.
Methods
Back hair of mice at different hair follicle cycle stages was collected, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect changes in HFSC autophagy levels in the hair follicle cycle. Mouse and human hair follicles were treated with rapamycin (Rapa, an autophagy activator) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor). The effects of autophagy on the hair follicle cycle and HFSC were investigated by imaging, cell proliferation staining, and HFSC-specific marker staining. The influence and mechanism of autophagy on HFSC metabolism were explored by RNA sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemical staining, and lactate and glucose detection. Finally, the influence of autophagy-induced glycolysis on HFSC and the hair follicle cycle was verified by proliferation, stem cell characteristics, and in vivo functional experiments.
Results
The HFSC autophagy level in hair follicles was highest during the transition from the telogen to the anagen phase. The inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA led to early entry into the catagen phase and a prolonged telogen phase, whereas Rapa promoted autophagy and hair growth. Autophagy activated HFSC by increasing the activity of HFSC lactate dehydrogenase (Ldha) and lactate production and transforming HFSC metabolism into glycolysis. The inhibition of Ldha expression counteracted the effects of autophagy.
Conclusions
These results demonstrated that autophagy activated HFSC by promoting the transition from HFSC metabolism to glycolysis, ultimately initiating the hair follicle cycle and promoting hair growth.
First identification of the day-night asymmetric inner edge of the Earth’s plasmasphere
Authors: Li Liuyuan , Yang Ling , Cao Jinbin , Yang Jungying , Berthelier Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Earth’s plasmasphere controls the lifetime of high-energy particles in the radiation belts and ring current regions (e.g., “killer electrons” with MeV energy). Although the configuration of plasmasphere has been studied for decades, its inner edge has not been identified so far, so that different inner edges of plasmasphere are assumed in different models. It is also assumed that the plasmaspheric inner edge or nearby plasma density is the same at all magnetic local times. Here, we show the day-night asymmetric image of the plasmaspheric inner edge and nearby plasma density from multi-satellite observations. By analyzing the lowest cutoff altitude of plasmaspheric hiss observed by Van Allen Probes and the lowest boundary of hydrogen and helium ions measured by DEMETER satellite, we find that the inner edge of the nighttime plasmasphere (altitude ~ 1274.3km) is higher than the daytime (~ 637.1km), but the ion’s density near the daytime inner edge is larger than the nighttime. These findings reveal the natural configuration of the Earth’s plasmasphere and supply key evidences for the modelling of the plasmasphere and its coupling regions such as ionosphere.
Aplastic anemia in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Fei , Xiao Yiwei , Hai Rui , Chen Xiaodong , Liu Shanshan , Zhou Xiangyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:It is uncommon to come across instances of aplastic anemia in individuals suffering from papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Here, a unique case is presented.Case presentation:A 23-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for “a lump in his right neck”. Laboratory tests revealed a decrease in white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and platelet count. Bone marrow aspiration showed extremely low hematopoietic cell hyperplasia. Simultaneously, the levels of thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly elevated. Ultrasound of the neck revealed bilateral thyroid nodules. Moreover, fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed atypical the presence of proliferative thyroid epithelial cells. Even after implementing various treatments hematopoietic function could not be restored. However, following thyroidectomy, the patient's WBC, RBC, and platelet counts gradually returned to normal.Conclusions:Here, we present a case that thyroid cancer complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis may affect hematopoietic function.
Central Diabetes Insipidus in A Young Man with Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors: A case report
Authors: Shih Chi-Wei , Chen Chien-Chou , Sung Chih-Chien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) in patients with intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) could develop due to suprasellar involvement or postoperative complication after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). However, it is important to early recognize the pre-existing CDI caused by GCTS with normal sodium (Na+) level before surgery.
Case presentation
A 25-year-old male presented with progressive fatigue, weakness, polydipsia and loss of libido in the past one year. Laboratory finding was unremarkable without hypernatremia. Hormonal testing indicating anterior pituitary insufﬁciency. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed two mass lesions in the sellar/suprasellar and pineal regions with obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient developed polyuria with hypernatremia after 6-hour fasting and TSS with incisional biopsy. Diagnosis of intracranial GCTs with CDI was confirmed by pathology and desmopressin test. Without surgical damage to posterior pituitary or tumor resection which might led to postoperative CDI, pre-existing CDI before surgery could be unrecognized by normal serum Na+ and unrestricted water intake.
Conclusions Clinicians should notice the typical manifestations of intracranial GCTs, especially in CDI, to avoid potential complications. Fluid restriction before surgery is a risk factor to develop hypernatremia caused by CDI that was masked by polydipsia before surgery.