bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the antiparasitic drug ivermectin a suitable candidate for the treatment of epilepsy?
Authors: Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere are only a few drugs that can seriously lay claim to the title of “wonder drug,” and ivermectin, the world's first endectocide and forerunner of a completely new class of antiparasitic agents, is among them. Ivermectin, a mixture of two macrolytic lactone derivatives (avermectin B1a and B1b in a ratio of 80:20), exerts its highly potent antiparasitic effect by activating the glutamate‐gated chloride channel, which is absent in vertebrate species. However, in mammals, ivermectin activates several other Cys‐loop receptors, including the inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptors and the excitatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of brain neurons. Based on these effects on vertebrate receptors, ivermectin has recently been proposed to constitute a multifaceted wonder drug for various novel neurological indications, including alcohol use disorders, motor neuron diseases, and epilepsy. This review critically discusses the preclinical and clinical evidence of antiseizure effects of ivermectin and provides several arguments supporting that ivermectin is not a suitable candidate drug for the treatment of epilepsy. First, ivermectin penetrates the mammalian brain poorly, so it does not exert any pharmacological effects via mammalian ligand‐gated ion channels in the brain unless it is used at high, potentially toxic doses or the blood–brain barrier is functionally impaired. Second, ivermectin is not selective but activates numerous inhibitory and excitatory receptors. Third, the preclinical evidence for antiseizure effects of ivermectin is equivocal, and at least in part, median effective doses in seizure models are in the range of the median lethal dose. Fourth, the only robust clinical evidence of antiseizure effects stems from the treatment of patients with onchocerciasis, in which the reduction of seizures is due to a reduction in microfilaria densities but not a direct antiseizure effect of ivermectin. We hope that this critical analysis of available data will avert the unjustified hype associated with the recent use of ivermectin to control COVID‐19 from recurring in neurological diseases such as epilepsy.
Defund – not defend – the police: A response to Fleetwood and Lea
Authors: McElhone Megan , Kemp Tom , Lamble Sarah , Moore J.M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe argue that defunding the police is necessary to address fundamental and systemic problems plaguing British policing. We do so in response to an article written by Fleetwood & Lea (2022), published in this journal, claiming that ‘defunding the police does not translate well to the UK’ (p.172).
Online consumer shopping behaviour: A review and research agenda
Authors: Singh Kandarp , Basu Rituparna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last two decades, motivated by the continuous evolution of the technology‐driven retail environment, researchers have studied various aspects of online consumer behaviour. This article attempts to take stock of this environment to critically assess the research gaps in the domain and provide future research directions. Applying a well‐grounded systematic methodology following the TCCM (theory, context, characteristics and methodology) framework, 197 online consumer shopping behaviour articles were reviewed. The findings reveal that the application of theories remains limited in the current pool of literature that focuses more on developed nations. While studies have primarily considered categories such as apparel and grocery, in terms of methodology experimental and survey‐based studies were most common. Additionally, the article suggests some future research directions. The use of combined theories to better understand technology acceptance by consumers of online‐shopping is recommended. Similarly, studies across other categories like online experiential luxury, luxury services, or second‐hand products that then link to novel constructs reflecting issues with payment methods, online service quality, and online store atmosphere are portrayed as meaningful avenues that will advance research in the domain.
Getting a grip on Safewards: The cross impact of clinical supervision and Safewards model on clinical practice
Authors: Hamilton Jennifer , Cole Amanda , Bostwick Richard , Ngune Irene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Safewards model is used across various mental health settings to reduce incidents of conflict and containment and its efficacy in reducing the use of seclusion and restraint, improving patients' experiences of care, and enhancing safety within clinical settings is well documented (Bowers, Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 21, 2014, 499). However, there are barriers to successful implementation, including level of staff buy‐in (Baumgardt et al., Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 2019, 340; Price et al., Mental Health Practice, 19, 2016, 14). This mixed‐method study assessed the impact of adopting a Safewards model within a clinical supervision framework in an approach, named Group Reflective integrated Practice with Safewards (GRiP‐S), which integrates Safewards theory within the clinical supervision framework. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the questions derived from the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale −26© (Winstanley & White, The Wiley International Handbook of Clinical Supervision. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2014). A total of 67 surveys and eight interviews were completed by nursing staff. Overall, the results showed that the GRiP‐S approach improves the implementation of Safewards and nurses' clinical practice. Nursing staff satisfaction with clinical supervision and Safewards improved post GRiP‐S pre‐GRIP‐S‐ 69.54 (SD 16.059); post‐GRIP‐S 71.47 (SD 13.978). The survey also identified nursing staff's perception of GRiP‐S in the restorative and formative domains of clinical supervision improved. The restorative mean score pre‐GRiP‐S was 28.43 (SD 5.988) and post‐GRiP‐S 29.29 (SD 3.951). The formative mean score pre‐GRiP‐S was 20.10 (SD 5.617) and post‐GRiP‐S 20.63 (SD 13.978). The qualitative results further explained the satisfaction levels and the changes seen in perception domains. The GRiP‐S approach reported (i) improved therapeutic relationships and patient centred care, (ii) improved staff communication and teamwork, (iii) barriers to GRiP‐S engagement, and (iv) assistance with the change process. The results indicate that the GRiP‐S approach had a positive impact on Safewards delivery and supports ongoing change of practice.
Effectiveness of intervention programs aimed at improving the nursing work environment: A systematic review
Authors: Eva Gutiérrez‐Fernández , Amo‐Setién Francisco , César Leal‐Costa , Concepción Salcedo‐Sampedro , Roberto Martín‐Melón , Jesús Molina‐Mula , Carmen Ortego‐Maté 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe nursing work environment can be compromised due to workload, stress and many other issues. A good nursing work environment is needed to for the health and wellbeing of nurses and therefore measures are developed to improve nursing work environment.AimTo determine whether measures designed to improve the work environment for nursing professionals are effective.MethodologyOnline research in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, CINHAL, PsycINFO, and American Doctoral Dissertations databases, along with manual search, was carried out. Primary experimental studies made up of intervention and control groups were included, with pre‐/post‐measure evaluation in the nursing team, based on the effects of the interventions. Risk of bias was calculated using the Cochrane tool.ResultsA total of 1997 studies were examined; 19 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1427 nurses participated in the selected studies. The fields of application of the interventions were personal and environmental. Out of the fields targeting individuals, three methodologies were identified: cognitive‐behavioral techniques, stress management, channeling anxiety and physical well‐being; and those aimed at environmental fields: aromatization and organization. The most evaluated characteristic was teamwork, and the most analyzed symptom was stress. Most of the interventions concluded with at least one significant improvement.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at enhancing the work environment are effective ways of increasing job satisfaction. The heterogeneity of the data did not allow us to determine which intervention is the most effective. The combination, type, and duration are variables that affect efficacy.Implication for nursing and nursing policyThis systematic review provides resources for improving the work environment that affects nursing staff, other professionals, and patients. Encouraging a healthy atmosphere leads to excellence in care and improved safety.
Dynamic of polar nanoregions and its impact on the pyroelectric and dielectric properties in paraelectric KTN materials
Authors: Meng Xiangda , Huang Xiaolin , Zhi Wenhao , Xing Bohan , Tian Hao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe origin of the excellent properties of KTN‐based materials around Curie temperature (TC), which should be originated form the motion of polar nanoregions (PNRs), has attracted considerable research interest. In this paper, the relaxation of a KTa0.63Nb0.37O3 single crystal is discussed with the temperature dependence of permittivity. Moreover, its pyroelectric effect above TC is investigated. In detail, the pyroelectric coefficient decreases from ∼110.0 to ∼13.0 μC/(m2 K), with the temperature increasing from 22 to 33°C, and finally reduces to 0 at 100°C with PNRs disappear. Moreover, the dynamic dielectric nonlinearity for the KTN single crystal is studied in the paraelectric phase. To investigate these mechanisms, the amplitude and phase angle of the first and third harmonics under various electric fields, frequencies, and temperatures are analyzed. As a result, the motions of PNRs induced by electric field, which is pinned and depinned by the defect, are presented to explain the nonlinear dielectric response observed in the paraelectric KTN single crystal.
An exploratory study on the effect of choline and folate deficiency on levels of vascularization proteins and transcription factors in first trimester trophoblast HTR‐8/SVneo cells
Authors: Engelhart Karin , Pfitzner Inka , Obeid Rima 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsWe studied the effect of choline and folate deficiencies on levels of predetermined placental proteins during early development.MethodsWe incubated HTR‐8/SVneo cells under choline and folate deficiency conditions and measured levels of some placental proteins using ELISA methods.ResultsConcentrations of LRP2 protein in cell lysates were higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (mean [SD] = 2.95 [1.30] vs. 1.65 [0.27] ng/mg protein, p = 0.004). The levels of LRP2 protein in lysates of cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media were significantly higher than the concentrations in lysates of cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (1.96 [0.28] ng/mg protein) or those incubated in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (1.77 [0.24] ng/mg protein) (p < 0.05 for both). The cellular levels of CDX2 protein were significantly higher in cells incubated in choline and folate deficient media compared to the control media (1.78 [0.60] vs. 0.99 [0.42] pg/mg protein, p = 0.002); and compared to CDX2 levels in cells incubated in choline deficient but folate sufficient media (0.87 [0.13] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001) or in choline sufficient but folate deficient media (0.96 [0.16] pg/mg protein, p < 0.001). The levels of sFLT‐1 and IGF1 in culture media and that of EOMES in HTR‐8/SVneo cell lysates remained unchanged under all deficiency conditions.DiscussionLRP2 and CDX2 are likely to be molecular targets for early choline and folate deficiencies in human trophoblast cells. The results should be confirmed in animal models and in other models of placental cells.
All medical degrees are equal, but some are more equal than others: An analysis of medical degree classifications
Authors: Byrne Matthew H. V. , Yale Sophie E. , Glasbey Madeleine , Revell Elliot , Brown Megan E. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInequity in assessment can lead to differential attainment. Degree classifications, such as ‘Honours’, are an assessment outcome used to differentiate students after graduation. However, there are no standardised criteria used to determine what constitutes these awards.MethodsWe contacted all medical schools in the UK and collected data relating to classifications awarded, criteria used and percentage of students receiving classifications across the 5‐year period prior to the 2019/2020 academic year.ResultsAll 42 UK medical schools responded, and 36 universities provided usable data. Of these 36 universities, 30 (83%) awarded classifications above a ‘Pass’. We identified four classifications above a ‘Pass’, and these were ‘Commendation’, ‘Merit’, ‘Distinction’ and ‘Honours’. Sixteen (44%) universities awarded a single additional classification, and 14 (39%) universities awarded two or more. There was considerable variation in the criteria used by each university to award classifications. For example, 30 (67%) out of 45 classifications were dependent on all examined years, 9 (20%) for a combination of years and 6 (13%) for final year alone. Twenty‐five of 30 universities that awarded classifications provided data on the percentage of students awarded a classification, and a median of 15% of students received any type of classification from their university (range 5.3% to 38%). There was a wide range in the percentage of students awarded each classification type across the universities (e.g. Honours, range = 3.1%–24%).ConclusionsWe demonstrate considerable variation in the way UK medical degree classifications are awarded—regarding terminology, criteria and percentage of students awarded classifications. We highlight that classifications are another form of inequity in medical education. There is a need to fully evaluate the value of hierarchical degree awards internationally as the consequential validity of these awards is understudied.
Risk factors for loss to follow‐up and outcomes after kidney donation in New Caledonian living donors
Authors: Baroux Noémie , Gilles David De Saint , Lamy Thomas , Biche Véronique , Wyburn Kate , Quirin Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimFor patients with end‐stage kidney disease, living‐donor kidney transplantation is the best therapy. There is a duty to ensure that the donor is followed‐up after donation on a regular and long‐term basis. Conditions may arise, such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, metabolic conditions, and these should be identified and treated as soon as possible for the donor's own longer term wellbeing. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the risk of loss to follow‐up after kidney donation for living donors.MethodsData were collected from the unique Caledonian nephrology medical record software and a phone survey. We evaluated the association between being lost to follow up and donor recipient relationship, donor socio‐demographic characteristics, donation characteristics and care access. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify risk factors of loss to follow‐up.ResultsAmong the the 86 donors included, 38 (44%) had no nephrology consultation for more than 16 months. The rate of donor follow up decreased from 81% at 2 years to 49% at 10 years after donation. In the multivariate analysis, age less than 45 years old at donation increased the risk of loss to follow up to 4.5 (95% CI 2.0–10.3) and not being a spouse increased the risk to 3.9 (95% CI 1.5–11.1).ConclusionTo conclude, efforts should be made to improve the rate at which donors are followed up in New Caledonia with special attention to younger donors and donors without a marital link with the recipient.image
Poor sleep quality in children with atopic dermatitis and its effects on behavior: A multicentercross‐sectionalstudy from a low–middle‐incomecountry
Authors: Abdullah Asmaa’ Hazirah , Nathan Anna Marie , Jayanath Subhashini , Kwan Zhenli , Azanan Mohamad Shafiq , Hng Shih Ying , Eg Kah Peng , de Bruyne Jessie A. , Leong Kin Fon , Wee Ai Leen , Ponnuthurai Nirmala , Begum Sabeera 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbance in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently goes unnoticed and can be associated with behavioral challenges. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems and (b) the correlation between sleep disturbance and behavioral problems in children with AD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved children aged 4–12 years old with moderate to severe AD. Age and sex‐matched healthy children were recruited as the comparison group. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to assess sleep disturbance and behavioral problems, respectively. Higher scores in both questionnaires signify more disturbance.ResultsSeventy patients and 141 controls were recruited. Median (interquartile range) age of patients was 5 (4,8) years. Patients had later sleep time (p < 0.001), longer night awakening (p < 0.001), and shorter sleep duration (p < 0.001) compared to controls. CSHQ total scores and all its domains, except for sleep‐disordered breathing were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Patients also had significantly higher SDQ total difficulties scores in all domains, except for peer problems. Severity of AD was significantly associated with high CSHQ and SDQ scores. There was a moderate positive correlation between the total CSHQ score and total SDQ score in patients (r = 0.532).ConclusionsChildren with moderate‐to‐severe AD had significantly more sleep disturbance and more behavioral problems than their healthy peers. Sleep disturbance had a positive correlation with behavioral problems. Severity of AD was associated with sleep disturbance and behavioral problems.
25 years after Dolly: Update on long‐term effects of embryo biotechnologies
Authors: Chavatte‐Palmer Pascale , De Schauwer Catharina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the announcement of the birth of Dolly, the world's first mammal produced by cloning, it was demonstrated for the first time that somatic cells could be reprogrammed to produce a whole individual. This represented a considerable change in paradigm in the field of embryo technologies both in humans and animals which led to an intense burst of research on nuclear transfer but also on the establishment of pluripotency and the directed edition of the genome. As such, induced pluripotent cells and gene editing tools, the best known being CRISPR‐Cas9, are now available to the scientific community. Nevertheless, cloning was associated with important developmental abnormalities in a variable proportion of pregnancies, raising concern about the long‐term effects of embryo technologies at a time when the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease had emerged, together with a better understanding of the underlying epigenetic modifications. The focus of this article is to review current knowledge on long‐term effects of artificial reproduction technologies in mammals, leading to globally reassuring information although differences are present and caution remains necessary taking the current increasing number of in vitro‐produced ruminant and equine embryos into account and their potential intergenerational consequences.
Cryopreservation effect on sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation of alpaca spermatozoa detected by imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Santiani Alexei , Juárez Javier , Allauca Pablo , Roman Brian , Ugarelli Alejandra , Evangelista‐Vargas Shirley 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEighty‐five sperm samples were cryopreserved and SYBR14/PI, MitoTracker Deep Red FM, FITC‐PSA/PI and chlortetracycline were used for imaging flow cytometry evaluation of sperm viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation, respectively. Sperm motility was also registered. Sperm motility (46.1 ± 7.7 vs. 24.1% ± 6.5%), sperm viability (49.8 ± 11.5 vs. 32.3% ± 9.6%) and high MMP (49.8% ± 12.4% vs. 34.9% ± 9.9%) decreased significantly (p < .05) during cryopreservation process, in contrast to acrosome‐reacted in viable spermatozoa (1.0% ± 1.6% vs. 1.0% ± 1.0%) and sperm capacitation (10.0 ± 9.8 vs. 8.2% ± 12.4%) that were similar (p > .05) before and after cryopreservation. Positive correlations were found between sperm motility versus high MMP (r = .63), sperm motility versus sperm viability (r = .67) and sperm viability versus high MMP (r = .88). In conclusion, cryopreservation of alpaca spermatozoa is related to a decrease in sperm motility, sperm viability and high MMP, meanwhile acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation are not affected.
Rumen‐protected glucose hastens uterine involution and increases numbers of ovarian follicles in early post‐partum dairy cows
Authors: Karimi Reza , Towhidi Armin , Ganjkhanlou Mahdi , Ghasemzadeh‐Nava Hamid , Khoee Sepideh , Kastelic John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe primary objectives were to investigate the effects of feeding a new rumen‐protected glucose (RPG) on uterine involution and ovarian follicular dynamics in recently calved dairy cattle. From 4 to 30 days after calving, 16 Holsteins (first to third lactation, mean parity 1.75) were randomly assigned to be fed either a basal diet top‐dressed with either 600 g RPG (RPG group) or 600 g of the coating material and glucose (CONT group). Based on transrectal ultrasonography, conducted every 3 days starting 20 days after calving, the interval from calving to complete uterine involution was shorter in RPG versus CONT (27.1 vs. 30.4 days, p < .01). Furthermore, based on transrectal ultrasonography conducted every 2 days, cattle fed RPG had smaller (3.0–4.9 mm) ovarian follicles (2.96 vs. 0.9, p < .001) and more total follicles (5.26 vs. 2.85, p < .01). Feeding RPG had increased serum insulin concentrations (4.59 ± 0.54 vs. 3.13 ± 0.57, p < .05), but had no significant effects on serum glucose concentrations, dry matter intake or milk yield. In conclusion, we inferred that cattle fed RPG had increased glucose turnover that was responsible for higher insulin concentrations, faster uterine involution, and more ovarian follicles.