bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Comparison of Functional Outcomes in Patients With Unilateral or Bilateral Intracapsular Mandibular Condylar Fractures After Closed or Open Treatment
Authors: Lai Bo-Ru , Liao Han-Tsung 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe treatment strategies for mandibular condylar head fractures, also known as intracapsular condylar fractures (ICFs), have not been concluded. We humbly present our treatment outcomes and share our experience in our department.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the functional outcomes between closed reduction (CR) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for management of unilateral or bilateral ICFs.Materials and MethodsThis 10-year retrospective cohort study included 71 patients with 102 ICFs who were treated in our department from May 2007 to August 2017. Nine patients mixed with extracapsular fractures were excluded; thus, 62 patients with 93 ICFs were included. All patients received treatment by the senior surgeon in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taiwan. The patient's basic data, fracture morphologies, associated injuries, managements, complications, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) measurement at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative were reviewed for analysis.ResultsAmong the 93 fractures, 31 (50%) were bilateral and 31 were unilateral (50%). Based on He′s classification, 45 (48%) had type A fracture, 13 (14%) had type B, 5 (5%) had type C, 20 (22%) had type M, and 10 (11%) had no displacement. Maximal mouth opening of 37 mm in unilateral cases after 6 months was significantly higher than the 33-mm MMO in bilateral cases. In addition, the MMO in the ORIF group was significantly higher than that of the CR group in 3 months postoperative. Univariate (odds ratio, 4.92;P= 0.01) and multivariate (odds ratio, 4.76;P= 0.027) analyses revealed CR as an independent risk factor for trismus development compared with ORIF. Malocclusion was observed in 5 patients in both CR and ORIF groups. In addition, 1 patient developed temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in the CR group. No surgical-related temporary or permanent facial nerve palsy was observed.ConclusionsOpen reduction and internal fixation for condylar head fracture provided better recovery in MMO than CR, and the MMO recovery was less in bilateral condylar head fracture than unilateral condylar head fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation in ICFs have a lower risk for trismus development and should be the treatment of choice in selected cases.
Pediatric Mandibular Reconstruction With Free Serratus Anterior-Rib Composite Flap
Authors: Wu Yao-Cheng , Tai Hao-Chih 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReconstruction of children's mandibles after mandibular resection for benign or malignant tumors is challenging. Microvascular flap reconstruction is a common treatment option for restoring mandibular continuity after the resection of oral cavity neoplasms.We presented 2 cases of childhood mandibular reconstruction after tumor wide excision and segmental mandibulectomy, one for malignant cancer and one for benign ossifying fibroma, with serratus-rib composite free flap. All 2 patients had a favorable facial profile, functional outcome, and dental occlusion at the last follow-up. The development of children's mandible and donor site needs to be considered compared with adult's mandibular reconstruction. Given its reliability and utility, this flap can be an alternative for pediatric mandibular reconstruction compared with the free fibular flap and other candidates.
A One-Size-Fits-All Approach to Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Chen Jill , Chen Jian-An , Chen Chien-Chung , Yang Yi-Hsuan , Teklu Yonas Eshetu , Chang Li-Ren , Feng Kuan-Ming 
Published: April 2023

Background
Buttock pressure injuries can be difficult to treat. There are many choices of flaps to reconstruct these wounds, but few are large, technically simple, and easily recycled.

Aim and Objective
We are presenting our experience on surgical reconstruction of buttock pressure injuries using large whole-buttock fasciocutaneous flaps that are easily designed for ulcers regardless of location and size and are easily recycled for treatment of recurrences.

Material and Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who received reconstruction with fasciocutaneous rotational flaps for buttock region pressure injuries from January 2013 to December 2018. The key steps of this one-size-fits-all flap include elevation of a large, oversized flap to achieve tension-free closure, avoiding fascial incisions over bony prominences, placing the V-Y type closure wound in the posteromedial thigh, and the use of closed incisional negative wound therapy postoperatively.

Results
Fifty patients underwent 54 flaps reconstruction for coverage of stage 4 gluteal pressure injuries between January 2013 and December 2018. Seventy-four percent healed without the need for further operation. The average size of the defect was 90 cm2 (maximum = 300 cm2). The average follow-up period was 31 months. Four of the 54 flaps were “recycled” flaps, 3 were performed for the coverage of recurrent ulcers and 1 flap was performed for treatment of a postoperative wound dehiscence.

Conclusions
We recommend this simple, one-size-fits-all approach, whole-buttock fasciocutaneous flap when surgically treating gluteal pressure injuries for selected patients.
Removal of Contaminated Personal Protective Equipment With and Without Supervision. A Randomized Crossover Simulation-Based Study
Authors: Somri Mostafa , Hochman Ohad , Somri-Gannam Lina , Gaitini Luis , Paz Alona , Bumard Tami , Gómez-Ríos Manuel Á. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces the risk of pathogens reaching the skin and clothing of health care personnel. We hypothesize that doffing PPE following verbal instructions by a supervisor is more effective in reducing contamination compared with doffing without verbal instructions. Our primary aim was to determine contamination rates with and without supervised doffing. The secondary aim was to determine the number and localization of contaminated body sites and PPE removal times in both groups.

Methods
Staff members of Bnai Zion Medical Center participated in this single-center, randomized simulation study (NCT05008627). Using a crossover design, all participants donned and doffed the PPE twice, once under guidance from a trained supervisor and then independently without supervision (group A), or vice versa (group B). Participants were randomized to either group A or B using a computer-generated random allocation sequence. The PPE was “contaminated” with Glo Germ on the thorax, shoulders, arms, hands, legs, and face shield. After doffing the PPE, the participant was examined under ultraviolet light to detect traces of contamination. The following variables were collected: contamination rates, the number and localization of contaminated body sites, and PPE doffing time.

Results
Forty-nine staff members were included. In group A, the contamination rate was significantly lower (8% vs. 47%; χ2 = 17.19; p < 0.001). The sites most frequently contaminated were the neck and hands. Mean PPE doffing time under verbal instructions was significantly longer [mean (SD): 183.98 (3.63) vs. 68.43 (12.75) seconds, P < 0.001] compared with unsupervised doffing.

Conclusions
In a simulated setting, PPE doffing following step-by-step verbal instructions from a trained supervisor reduces the rate of contamination but prolongs doffing time. These findings could have important implications for clinical practice and could further protect health care workers against contamination from emerging and high-consequence pathogens.
The Correlation of Diabetes Mellitus and Urinary Retention From Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Takashima Yoko , Handler Stephanie , Laus Katharina , Eckhardt Sarah , Whitaker Taylor , Tenggardjaja Christopher , Yazdany Tajnoos 
Published: April 2023

Importance and Objectives
The objective was to determine whether patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT) injection for overactive bladder (OAB) had increased urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), as well as the impact of disease duration and severity. We hypothesize that patients with DM will have higher rates of retention after BoNT injection.

Study Design
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of women in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Health System who underwent BoNT injection for OAB, excluding women with a history of urinary retention or neurogenic bladder.

Results
We identified 565 patients, 410 in the control group and 155 in the DM group. No significant difference was found in the rate of CIC (9% in the control group versus 5.8% in the DM group, P = 0.2), voiding dysfunction, and peak postprocedure postvoid residual volume (PVR). Patients with diabetes had a significantly increased rate of postprocedure urinary tract infection (UTI; 27.6% versus 38.1%, P = 0.02). Urinary tract infection was significantly associated with urinary retention (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–4.99; P = 0.045) and peak PVR ≥200 mL (adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.15–5.06; P = 0.019). Diabetic disease duration and severity were not a predictor of urinary retention, elevated PVR, or voiding dysfunction; however, the presence of ≥1 disease-related complication was a predictor of UTI (adjusted OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.34–5.91; P = 0.006).

Conclusions
Diabetic patients had a similar rate of urinary retention requiring CIC after BoNT injection for OAB compared with nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients had an increased risk of UTI based on disease severity.
Fucoxanthin protects retinal ganglion cells and promotes parkin-mediated mitophagy against glutamate excitotoxicity
Authors: Lian Wei , Hu Xinxin , Zhang Juntao , Wu Yufei , Zhao Na , Ma Haixia , He Hengqian , Lu Qinkang 
Published: April 2023

Objective
To clarify whether fucoxanthin plays a protective role and regulates parkin-mediated mitophagy on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) against glutamate excitotoxicity.

Methods
The excitotoxicity model of primary RGCs was carried out with glutamate. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 kit (Abcam, USA). The apoptotic rate and cytotoxicity were detected by Hoechst staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit (Takara, Japan). Mitochondria was assessed by MitoTracker staining and confocal microscopy. The mRNA levels and protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, parkin, optineurin, LC3, and LAMP1 in RGCs were analyzed by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Finally, the mitochondrial health score and mitophagy were assessed by transmission electron microscopy.

Results
Fucoxanthin increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of RGCs, reduced cytotoxicity, and decreased apoptosis in RGCs under glutamate excitotoxicity. It also enhanced expression levels of parkin, optineurin, and LAMP1, and upgraded the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I. Meanwhile, fucoxanthin increased LC3 and MitoTracker co-localization staining. In addition, up-regulated mitochondrial health score, and the number of autophagosomes and mitophagosomes were observed in fucoxanthin-treated RGCs under glutamate excitotoxicity.

Conclusion
Fucoxanthin may exert its neuroprotective effect on RGCs via promoting parkin-mediated mitophagy under glutamate excitotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of fucoxanthin in glaucomatous neurodegeneration and ocular diseases characterized by impaired mitophagy warrants further investigation.
Age-dependent effects of resveratrol in hypothalamic astrocyte cultures
Authors: Leite Santos Camila , K. Vizuete Adriana Fernanda , Becker Weber Fernanda , Thomaz Natalie K. , Bobermin Larissa Daniele , Gonçalves Carlos-Alberto , Quincozes-Santos André 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
The hypothalamus plays critical roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and increasing evidence has highlighted astrocytes orchestrating several of hypothalamic functions. However, it remains unclear how hypothalamic astrocytes participate in neurochemical mechanisms associated with aging process, as well as whether these cells can be a target for antiaging strategies. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the age-dependent effects of resveratrol, a well-characterized neuroprotective compound, in primary astrocyte cultures derived from the hypothalamus of newborn, adult, and aged rats.

Methods
Male Wistar rats (2, 90, 180, and 365 days old) were used in this study. Cultured astrocytes from different ages were treated with 10 and 100 μM resveratrol and cellular viability, metabolic activity, astrocyte morphology, release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), as well as the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were evaluated.

Results

In vitro astrocytes derived from neonatal, adults, and aged animals changed metabolic activity and the release of trophic factors (GDNF and TGF-β), as well as the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Resveratrol prevented these alterations. In addition, resveratrol changed the immunocontent of Nrf2 and HO-1. The results indicated that the effects of resveratrol seem to have a dose- and age-associated glioprotective role.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate for the first time that resveratrol prevents the age-dependent underlying functional reprogramming of in vitro hypothalamic astrocytes, reinforcing its antiaging activity, and consequently, its glioprotective role.
Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge resolves local and systemic response dynamics
Authors: Lindeboom Rik G.H. , Worlock Kaylee B. , Dratva Lisa M. , Yoshida Masahiro , Scobie David , Wagstaffe Helen R. , Richardson Laura , Wilbrey-Clark Anna , Barnes Josephine L. , Polanski Krzysztof , Allen-Hyttinen Jessica , Mehta Puja , Sumanaweera Dinithi , Boccacino Jacqueline , Sungnak Waradon , Huang Ni , Mamanova Lira , Kapuge Rakesh , Bolt Liam , Prigmore Elena , Killingley Ben , Kalinova Mariya , Mayer Maria , Boyers Alison , Mann Alex , Teixeira Vitor , Janes Sam M. , Chambers Rachel C. , Haniffa Muzlifah , Catchpole Andrew , Heyderman Robert , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Chain Benny , Mayer Andreas , Meyer Kerstin B. , Chiu Christopher , Nikolić Marko Z. , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global health threat, yet our understanding of the cellular disease dynamics remains limited. In our unique COVID-19 human challenge study we used single cell genomics of nasopharyngeal swabs and blood to temporally resolve abortive, transient and sustained infections in 16 seronegative individuals challenged with preAlpha-SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses revealed rapid changes in cell type proportions and dozens of highly dynamic cellular response states in epithelial and immune cells associated with specific timepoints or infection status. We observed that the interferon response in blood precedes the nasopharynx, and that nasopharyngeal immune infiltration occurred early in transient but later in sustained infection, and thus correlated with preventing sustained infection. Ciliated cells showed an acute response phase, upregulated MHC class II while infected, and were most permissive for viral replication, whilst nasal T cells and macrophages were infected non-productively. We resolve 54 T cell states, including acutely activated T cells that clonally expanded while carrying convergent SARS-CoV-2 motifs. Our novel computational pipeline (Cell2TCR) identifies activated antigen-responding clonotype groups and motifs in any dataset. Together, we show that our detailed time series data (covid19cellatlas.org) can serve as a “Rosetta stone” for the epithelial and immune cell responses, and reveals early dynamic responses associated with protection from infection.
Racial disparities, environmental exposures, and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates: A racial map study in the USA
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Jiang Bin , Webster Chris , Sullivan William C. , Lu Yi , Chen Na , Yu Zhaowu , Chen Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers mainly examined how socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors are related to disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. However, we don’t know the extent to which racial disparities in environmental exposure are related to racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. To address this critical issue, we gathered black vs. white infection records from 1416 counties in the contiguous United States. For these counties, we used 30m-spatial resolution land cover data and racial mappings to quantify the racial disparity between black and white people’s two types of environmental exposure, including exposures to various types of landscape settings and urban development intensities. We found that racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and racial disparities in exposure to various types of landscapes and urban development intensities were significant and showed similar patterns. Specifically, less racial disparity in exposure to forests outside park, pasture/hay, and urban areas with low and medium development intensities were significantly associated with lower racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates. Distance was also critical. The positive association between racial disparities in environmental exposures and racial disparity in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates was strongest within a comfortable walking distance (approximately 400m).HighlightsRacial dot map and landcover map were used for population-weighted analysis.Racial disparity in environmental exposures and SARS-CoV-2 infection were linked.Forests outside park are the most beneficial landscape settings.Urban areas with low development intensity are the most beneficial urban areas.Landscape and urban exposures within the 400m buffer distances are most beneficial.
Covid-19 Vaccine Booster Cadence by Immunocompromised Status
Authors: Yechezkel Matan , Faust Jeremy Samuel , Netzer Doron , Razi-Benita Talish , Shmueli Erez , Arbel Ronen , Yamin Dan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundData suggest that vaccine effectiveness against Covid-19-associated hospital admission and mortality is augmented with booster doses, but the benefit wanes within several months. However, the CDC recently concluded that second doses of bivalent vaccines this Spring were not warranted because existing data were insufficient to analyze the benefits of such a strategy. Therefore, our objective was to assess whether routinely boosting high-risk populations at least every 6 months may be warranted, depending on age and immune status.MethodsUtilizing a database of 3,574,243 members of Clalit Health Services (CHS), we analyzed the medical records of individuals who received none, or at least one dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine between January 1, 2021, and April 5, 2022. We examined the risk of moderate-to-severe Covid-19 hospitalization or death stratified by age group, immune status and time since receipt of the last vaccine dose during the early Omicron wave in Israel (December 20, 2021 to April 5, 2022). The number needed to vaccinate (NNV) was calculated as the inverse of the absolute risk reduction for various subgroups and Covid-19 waves.ResultsEligibility criteria were met by 3,381,480 CHS members. The absolute risk of Covid-19 moderate-to severe hospitalization or death during the Omicron wave increased with age, immunocompromised status, and time since receipt of the last vaccine dose. The NNVs varied greatly by age and immune status and were contingent on various disease prevalence scenarios. Among the severely immunocompromised, boosting at the start of the Omicron wave had an NNV ranging from 87 (95% CI 70-109) in persons ages ≥80 to 1,037 (95% CI 999 -1,513) in persons ages 12-59. In the lower prevalence periods, the NNV for 6-month booster cadencing remained favorable for immunocompromised people in all age groups and immunocompetent people ages ≥60.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence for the potential benefit of a routine 6-month cadence for Covid-19 boosters for the highest-risk groups, and possibly more frequently, even during relatively lower Covid-19 prevalence.
Effect of introducing ethambutol and integrating drugs into fixed-dose tablets on mortality in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Diaz-Quijano Fredi Alexander , Bartholomay Patricia , Andrade Kleydson B. , Pelissari Daniele M. , Arakaki-Sanchez Denise , Costa Fernanda D. , Pinheiro Rejane Sobrino 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAt the end of 2009, due to the increase in primary resistance to isoniazid, the Brazilian Ministry of Health established changes in the treatment regimen for tuberculosis. The changes included the addition of ethambutol as the fourth drug in the intensive treatment phase and the integration of the four drugs into fixed-dose combination tablets. The introduction of fixed combination doses also led to changes in the dosage of isoniazid and pyrazinamide in the intensive and maintenance phases.ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of changing the tuberculosis treatment regimen on all-cause mortality and, secondly, outcomes such as mortality due to tuberculosis, cure, and loss to follow-up.MethodsWe compared the cohorts of people diagnosed with tuberculosis from 2008 to 2013, aged ten years or older, who started treatment for tuberculosis in Brazil before and after the change in the regimen adopted in 2009 (n: 145528 vs. 161264). Data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases (Sinan) and Mortality (SIM) information systems. The missing data were imputed, and the effects were estimated using multilevel logistic models, with the state as the aggregation cluster. A directed acyclic graph guided the selection of covariates.ResultsThe current (modified) regimen was not associated with significant changes in all-cause mortality (Relative Risk [RR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.98 – 1.04), or tuberculosis mortality (RR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.95 – 1.02). For cure, when transfers and missing outcome data (MOD) were considered an absence of outcome, there were no differences between treatments. When they were assumed as cured or imputed, the cure was less frequent in the current treatment. When transfers and MOD were imputed or considered an absence of loss to follow-up, the latter was more frequent in the current treatment. There were no differences in loss to follow-up between treatments when transfers and MOD were interpreted as that outcome.ConclusionThe implementation of the modified treatment regimen was not associated with increased mortality in tuberculosis patients. Although there was a lower record of cures and a higher frequency of loss to follow-up during the second period, the sensitivity analysis indicated that a reduction in transfers and unknown outcomes could explain these associations.