bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The More the Merrier? On the Influence of Indexical Variability on Second Language Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Gimeno‐Martínez Marc , Sánchez Rebeca , Baus Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigated indexical variation as a variable that promotes second language (L2) vocabulary learning across language modalities. In three experiments, we presented Catalan Sign Language signs (Experiments 1a and 1b), pseudowords (Experiment 2), and English words (Experiment 3) to participants in three conditions that varied in the number of people who introduced these stimuli (one, three, or six people). We evaluated learning outcomes in two recall tasks: a picture‐to‐L2 naming task and a L2‐to‐L1 translation task. For the sign modality, indexical variation benefitted the immediate recall of signs in the translation task (Experiment 1a) and delayed recall after two weeks in the picture naming task (Experiment 1b). For the oral modality, we observed no effect when participants learned pseudowords (Experiment 2), but variability benefited recall in the translation task when participants learned English words (Experiment 3). We discuss these contrastive results, considering the influence of indexical variation in adult L2 sign and oral vocabulary learning.
Characterizing nutritional phenotypes using experimental nutrigenomics: Is there nutrient‐specificity to different types of dietary stress?
Authors: Jones Catriona L. C. , Shafer Aaron B. A. , Frost Paul C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability to directly measure and monitor poor nutrition in individual animals and ecological communities is hampered by methodological limitations. In this study, we use nutrigenomics to identify nutritional biomarkers in a freshwater zooplankter, Daphnia pulex, a ubiquitous primary consumer in lakes and a sentinel of environmental change. We grew animals in six ecologically relevant nutritional treatments: nutrient replete, low carbon (food), low phosphorus, low nitrogen, low calcium and high Cyanobacteria. We extracted RNA for transcriptome sequencing to identify genes that were nutrient responsive and capable of predicting nutritional status with a high degree of accuracy. We selected a list of 125 candidate genes, which were subsequently pruned to 13 predictive potential biomarkers. Using a nearest‐neighbour classification algorithm, we demonstrate that these potential biomarkers are capable of classifying our samples into the correct nutritional group with 100% accuracy. The functional annotation of the selected biomarkers revealed some specific nutritional pathways and supported our hypothesis that animal responses to poor nutrition are nutrient specific and not simply different presentations of slow growth or energy limitation. This is a key step in uncovering the causes and consequences of nutritional limitation in animal consumers and their responses to small‐ and large‐scale changes in biogeochemical cycles.
Rapid shifts in thermal reaction norms and tolerance of brooded coral larvae following parental heat acclimation
Authors: Jiang Lei , Liu Cheng‐Yue , Cui Guoxin , Huang Lin‐Tao , Yu Xiao‐Lei , Sun You‐Fang , Tong Hao‐Ya , Zhou Guo‐Wei , Yuan Xiang‐Cheng , Hu Yi‐Si , Zhou Wen‐Liang , Aranda Manuel , Qian Pei‐Yuan , Huang Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThermal priming of reef corals can enhance their heat tolerance; however, the legacy effects of heat stress during parental brooding on larval resilience remain understudied. This study investigated whether preconditioning adult coral Pocillopora damicornis to high temperatures (29°C and 32°C) could better prepare their larvae for heat stress. Results showed that heat‐acclimated adults brooded larvae with reduced symbiont density and shifted thermal performance curves. Reciprocal transplant experiments demonstrated higher bleaching resistance and better photosynthetic and autotrophic performance in heat‐exposed larvae from acclimated adults compared to unacclimated adults. RNA‐seq revealed strong cellular stress responses in larvae from heat‐acclimated adults that could have been effective in rescuing host cells from stress, as evidenced by the widespread upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle and mitosis. For symbionts, a molecular coordination between light harvesting, photoprotection and carbon fixation was detected in larvae from heat‐acclimated adults, which may help optimize photosynthetic activity and yield under high temperature. Furthermore, heat acclimation led to opposing regulations of symbiont catabolic and anabolic pathways and favoured nutrient translocation to the host and thus a functional symbiosis. Notwithstanding, the improved heat tolerance was paralleled by reduced light‐enhanced dark respiration, indicating metabolic depression for energy saving. Our findings suggest that adult heat acclimation can rapidly shift thermal tolerance of brooded coral larvae and provide integrated physiological and molecular evidence for this adaptive plasticity, which could increase climate resilience. However, the metabolic depression may be maladaptive for long‐term organismal performance, highlighting the importance of curbing carbon emissions to better protect corals.
Exogenous double‐stranded RNA inhibits the infection physiology of rust fungi to reduce symptoms in planta
Authors: Degnan Rebecca M. , McTaggart Alistair R. , Shuey Louise S. , Pame Leny Jane S. , Smith Grant R. , Gardiner Donald M. , Nock Volker , Soffe Rebecca , Sale Sarah , Garrill Ashley , Carroll Bernard J. , Mitter Neena , Sawyer Anne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRust fungi (Pucciniales) are a diverse group of plant pathogens in natural and agricultural systems. They pose ongoing threats to the diversity of native flora and cause annual crop yield losses. Agricultural rusts are predominantly managed with fungicides and breeding for resistance, but new control strategies are needed on non‐agricultural plants and in fragile ecosystems. RNA interference (RNAi) induced by exogenous double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) has promise as a sustainable approach for managing plant‐pathogenic fungi, including rust fungi. We investigated the mechanisms and impact of exogenous dsRNA on rust fungi through in vitro and whole‐plant assays using two species as models, Austropuccinia psidii (the cause of myrtle rust) and Coleosporium plumeriae (the cause of frangipani rust). In vitro, dsRNA either associates externally or is internalized by urediniospores during the early stages of germination. The impact of dsRNA on rust infection architecture was examined on artificial leaf surfaces. dsRNA targeting predicted essential genes significantly reduced germination and inhibited development of infection structures, namely appressoria and penetration pegs. Exogenous dsRNA sprayed onto 1‐year‐old trees significantly reduced myrtle rust symptoms. Furthermore, we used comparative genomics to assess the wide‐scale amenability of dsRNA to control rust fungi. We sequenced genomes of six species of rust fungi, including three new families (Araucariomyceaceae, Phragmidiaceae, and Skierkaceae) and identified key genes of the RNAi pathway across 15 species in eight families of Pucciniales. Together, these findings indicate that dsRNA targeting essential genes has potential for broad‐use management of rust fungi across natural and agricultural systems.
Reframing Anselm and Aquinas on Atonement
Authors: Cresswell Rachel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThomas Aquinas's vision of atonement is generally considered more conceptually expansive than Anselm of Canterbury's. Where Aquinas's multipartite account of Christ's passion incorporates a variety of biblical motifs, Anselm appears to narrow the focus to satisfactory debt-repayment alone. This article proposes two approaches for reframing the comparison between the two accounts. I argue first that both Anselm and Aquinas considered debt-repayment necessary but not sufficient in itself to accomplish all that is needed for the remittance of sin and the restoration of humanity. For Anselm, as for Aquinas, Christ must also liberate captives, defeat the devil, amend Adam's sin by recapitulation and win merit in which his members participate. The first reframing thus locates Anselm in much closer proximity to Aquinas than has generally been supposed. The second reframing throws light on a significant divergence between the two. I argue that the kenotic trajectory of abasement and ascent, pictured in the Philippian hymn, is put to strikingly different use by each theologian. This second reframing throws into sharp relief Aquinas's emphasis on Christ's suffering as a theological priority which Anselm does not share. Looking to Anselm's Benedictine context, I contend, yields one possible means of accounting for this departure.
Upregulated TSP1 and CD47 expression in the lung in nitrofen‐induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Takayasu Hajime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersistent pulmonary hypertension remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1), a ligand for receptor CD47, is widely expressed on both systemic and pulmonary vascular cells. TSP1‐CD47 signaling has been reported to be one of the pathogeneses of pulmonary hypertension (PH).MethodsAfter creating a nitrofen‐induced CDH rat model, fetuses were sacrificed on D17, D19 and D21 and divided into a control group and a CDH group. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the pulmonary gene expression of TSP1, CD47 and Runx3 (a regulator of TSP1). An immunofluorescence study was performed to evaluate the expression and localization of TSP1, CD47 and Runx3.ResultsThe relative mRNA expression of pulmonary TSP1, CD47 and Runx3 on D21 was significantly increased in the CDH group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p = 0.046, and p = 0.002, respectively). The immunofluorescence study also confirmed the overexpression of TSP1, CD47 and Runx3 in the CDH group.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that TSP1‐CD47 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of PH in a nitrofen‐induced CDH model. Our data suggest that anti‐CD47 antibodies can be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PH in CDH.
Songbirds and Social Distinction in Seventeenth‐Century England
Authors: Frost Duncan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the nuanced relationship between songbirds and social dynamics in early modern England. It demonstrates how a rhetorical discourse of social distinction was created by printed bird‐training manuals. This discourse was necessary because the same species of songbird existed across the social spectrum. For native songbirds, therefore, their inherent value, and the status they conferred upon their owners, was determined more by their skill and training than by their particular species. Printed manuals explained how songbirds could be raised to surpass the limitations of nature through learning the song of another species, learning musical phrases and by being taught to sing in the winter rather than the summer. Analysing printed literature, probate inventories and household accounts, this article demonstrates that the practice of songbird‐keeping was widely affordable. This can then be contrasted to the ‘gentlemanly’ model of bird‐keeping outlined by printed manuals, which emphasise the need for investment into the birds to cause them to surpass the limitations of nature. The authority of this ‘gentlemanly’ model was used to cast judgment upon those who did not follow the manuals' guidance, highlighting the fact that a songbird's true value lay in its abilities rather than its species.
Material Metaphors for Literary Form: Robert Burton's ‘Perused’ Copy of Theatrum Urbium Italicarum (1599)
Authors: Allott Flynn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article gives a detailed description and analysis of Robert Burton's copy of Theatrum urbium italicarum, a Venetian ‘city‐atlas’ produced in 1599 by the engraver and publisher Pietro Bertelli. Burton's copy of the book is especially noteworthy because it has had a number of the maps removed. The article uses the Theatrum in order to add fresh emphasis to Burton's understanding of cartography, and to suggest new ways in which early modern maps can be related to literary works. I begin with a survey of the renaissance ‘city‐atlas’, proceeding to locate the Theatrum within a distinctly Venetian milieu of map‐production, and showing the surprisingly various contexts in which the Venetian maps could appear. I then detail the bibliographical oddities of Burton's copy, suggesting possible reasons for the removal of the maps. I conclude by suggesting that the form and construction of the Theatrum – hastily assembled, gathered from a range of sources – can be related in productive fashions to Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy. I situate the Theatrum and similar works among a recent critical trend of ‘material metaphors for literary form’, considering the ways in which early modern authors thought of the structures of their works as analogous to various material objects.
Securitizing pandemic‐risk insurance
Authors: Medders Lorilee A. , Schwarcz Steven L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCatastrophe (CAT) bonds are a means to share economic losses resulting from natural disasters including hurricanes, earthquakes, and—more recently, as used by the World Bank—pandemics. Because these pandemic CAT (PCAT) bonds were subsidized by government donations and, absent the occurrence of covered pandemics, were full recourse to the World Bank, this precedent was not market‐tested for the commercial viability of such instruments. This paper examines PCAT bonds as a means of securitization for pandemic risk through the lenses of reinsurers′ unmet capital needs and the requirements for the potential viability of a PCAT‐bond market. Where the reinsurance market has limited capacity to either absorb or spread the risks of global‐level CATs, risk securitization may be effective for layered risk sharing. The authors explore whether pandemic risk may be insurable by increasing reinsurance capacity to handle losses from business interruptions that are due to unintentional pandemics. Are PCAT bonds a potential means to achieving this protection? Historically, insurers were reluctant to enter this market because the required spreads and associated bond‐issuance expenses were considered prohibitively high. The situation has improved, although there remains much room and need for growth in this market.
Quaternary lacustrine carbonate deposits of the Great Basin, USA: Impact of climate, tectonics and substrate
Authors: Boussagol Pierre , Vennin Emmanuelle , Bouton Anthony , Roche Adeline , Thomazo Christophe , Kolodka Christophe , Buoncristiani Jean‐François , Monna Fabrice , Musset Olivier , Visscher Pieter T. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe Great Basin included several lacustrine systems that accommodated extensive carbonate buildups: the Lahontan on the western side (dating back to 48 kyr cal bp), and the Bonneville (from 30 to 11.5 kyr cal bp) and Great Salt Lake (starting 11.5 kyr cal bp) on the eastern side of the basin. The eastern lakes show a transition from freshwater to hypersaline conditions. In contrast, the western lakes do not show any significant change from the originally prevailing freshwater conditions. Mapping of the carbonate buildups in the different lakes settings enables a comparison of a biotic versus an abiotic composition of the carbonate buildups, their morphologies and their specific spatial distributions. The morphology, size and distribution of the carbonate deposits are predominantly governed by seasonal to long‐term water level fluctuations, particular geomorphological heritage, fault‐induced processes, groundwater seepage and substrates. All of the lakes show a palaeoshoreline distribution with some buildups containing crusts, hemispheroid domes, and parts of complex domes resulting from climate‐induced lake level variations. However, the presence of columns and complex domes made up of mixed biotic/abiotic carbonates in the western Great Basin is related to the influx of groundwater. Winnemucca Lake and Pyramid Lake contain bigger buildups than the ones observed in the eastern Great Basin lakes. The presence of these large size buildups and thinolites in the Lahontan lacustrine system are a consequence of local hydrological processes associated with influenced groundwater flows through specific sedimentary structures (for example, from springs and delta fronts) and faults. This contrast in the distribution, composition and size of the buildups between the two sides of the Great Basin suggests local changes in water chemistry (for example, [Ca2+]) and groundwater influxes. This work provides a novel conceptual model for the formation of abiotic and/or biotic carbonate buildups in lacustrine settings.
Shadow rates as a measure of the monetary policy stance: Some international evidence
Authors: Anderl Christina , Caporale Guglielmo Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the usefulness of shadow rates to measure the monetary policy stance by comparing them to the official policy rates and those implied by three types of Taylor rules in both inflation‐targeting countries (the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand) and others that have only targeted inflation at times (the United States, Japan, the Euro Area and Switzerland) over the period from the early 1990s to December 2021. Shadow rates estimated from a dynamic factor model are shown to suggest a much looser policy stance than either the official policy rates or those implied by the Taylor rules, and generally to provide a more accurate picture of the monetary policy stance during both ZLB and non‐ZLB periods, since they reflect the full range of unconventional policy measures used by central banks. Furthermore, generalised impulse response analysis based on three alternative vector autoregression (VAR) models indicates that monetary shocks based on the shadow rates are more informative than those related to the official policy rates or to two‐ and three‐factor shadow rates, especially during the Global Financial Crisis and the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, when unconventional measures have been adopted. Finally, unconventional policy shocks seem to have less persistent effects on the economy in countries, which have adopted an inflation‐targeting regime.
Preference and paradox: Local residents’ perspectives on the reuse of post‐agricultural brownfield sites
Authors: Navrátil Josef , Martinát Stanislav , Frazier Ryan J. , Klusáček Petr , van der Horst Dan , Škrabal Jaroslav , Krejčí Tomáš , Osman Robert , Pícha Kamil , Dvořák Petr 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructural change in the agricultural economy may result in the abandonment of agricultural buildings, creating rural brownfield sites. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, post‐agricultural brownfields have become very common in Central and Eastern Europe. Our aim is to uncover and understand the reuse preferences for 16 reuse options, among 1275 survey respondents (local residents) from 272 rural communities with post‐agricultural brownfields in the Czech Republic. The influence of respondent status, the socioeconomic characteristics of those communities and environmental characteristics of communities were tested using redundancy analysis and variation partitioning. Three types of reuse were identified as most preferred among respondents: agricultural reuse, industrial reuse and reuse for housing, services and leisure time activities. We found strong and significant ties between the pattern of preferences for potential reuse options and demographic, community socioeconomic and environmental context variables. It can therefore be concluded that preferences for rural renewal tend to be constructed comprehensively and encompass social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In order to implement a vision that promotes sustainable rural development, we need to recognise that the preferences of rural residents are fundamentally shaped by the local environment and are therefore highly dependent on the place‐based circumstances.
Animalizing women and feminizing (vegan) men: The psychological intersections of sexism, speciesism, meat, and masculinity
Authors: Salmen Alina , Dhont Kristof 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImages of sexualized women depicted as animals or alongside meat are routinely used in advertising in Western culture. Philosophers and feminist scholars have long theorized that such imagery reflects the lower status of both women and animals (vs. men) in society and argued that prejudiced attitudes towards women (i.e., sexism) and animals (i.e., speciesism) are interconnected, with meat‐eating as a core symbol of masculinity. Addressing these key ideas from ecofeminist theory, we review the psychological evidence on the associations between sexism, speciesism, meat, and masculinity. Research on the animalistic dehumanization of women provides evidence that sexism and speciesism are psychologically entangled and rooted in desires for group‐based dominance and inequality. Furthermore, research on the symbolic value of meat corroborates its masculine value expressing dominance and power, and suggests that men who abstain from meat consumption (e.g., vegans) are feminized and devalued, particularly by those higher in sexism. We conclude that a greater recognition of the interconnected nature of patriarchal gender relations and practices of animal exploitation, including meat‐eating, can help in efforts to improve the status of both women and animals.
EMI (English‐medium instruction) in South Korean elite universities
Authors: Bolton Kingsley , Ahn Hyejeong , Botha Werner , Bacon‐Shone John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article provides an extensive review of previous research on English‐medium instruction (EMI) in South Korean higher education. It then goes on to discuss the findings of a 2017 survey at four elite universities in South Korea, which were Seoul National University, Korea University, Yonsei University, and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST). While some of the results could be regarded as predictable, there were a number of findings which extended previous research. Despite the extensive complaint tradition about English in South Korea, many of the students in our sample rated their proficiency rather highly. Notwithstanding the extensive critiques of EMI in much of the previous literature, students typically displayed pragmatic and sometimes positive attitudes to dealing with EMI in their institutions.