bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetics of gaming: A longitudinal twin study
Authors: Nilsson Anders , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Lundström Sebastian , Fatouros‐Bergman Helena , Jayaram‐Lindström Nitya , Molero Yasmina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGaming is a popular past‐time activity among children and adolescents, but it there is also a possible link to negative consequences such as psychological distress and lowered academic achievement. However, there are fundamental knowledge gaps remaining regarding central characteristics of gaming such as heritability, stability over time, and sex differences. We examined the genetic and environmental contribution to gaming behavior, including sex differences, continuity and change, in a longitudinal cohort of twins.MethodsThis is the first longitudinal twin study on gaming, involving 32,006 twins in Sweden. Parents were asked about the twins' gaming at ages 9, 15 and 18. We used univariate and multivariate twin analyses to estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences at each time‐point as well as across time. Sex‐differences were also explored.ResultsThe results showed large sex differences, where genetics explained more of the variance for boys (31.3%–62.5% depending on age) than for girls (19.4%–23.4%). Genetic factors explained an increasing amount of the variance for boys (31.3% at age 9, 62.5% at age 15 and 53.9% at age 18). Shared environmental factors explained a larger proportion of the variance among girls, which remained relatively stable over time (70.5% at age 9, 61.8% at age 15 and 60.5% at age 18). The results also indicated that most of the variance came from genetic and environmental sources specific to each age.ConclusionsCompared to many other behavioral phenotypes, such as gambling, gaming was relatively unstable with a large degree of genetic innovation. There were large sex differences in the contribution of genetic and environmental factors. This suggests that excessive gaming could be the result of age‐ and sex‐specific genetic and environmental factors, and should be taken into account when mapping gaming behaviors, since these behaviors might be under continual etiological transformation.
Self‐explanation activities in statics: A knowledge‐building activity to promote conceptual change
Authors: De La Hoz Jose Luis , Vieira Camilo , Arteta Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe complexity and diversity of problems and concepts in different engineering subjects represent a great challenge for students. Traditional approaches to teaching statics are ineffective in helping some students overcome the learning barriers that underlie learning statics and developing problem‐solving skills.PurposeThis article explores how self‐explanation activities may support student learning in statics. Specifically, this study examines the characteristics of student self‐explanations of worked examples and their relationship with students′ conceptual change.Design/MethodThe study population included 147 undergraduate engineering students enrolled in a statics course. The students wrote their self‐explanations at each step of an incomplete or incorrect worked example in the context of static equilibrium. Students′ self‐explanations were qualitatively analyzed using content analysis to identify the approaches used. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to identify differences in students′ conceptual understanding of statics, based on their approach to self‐explanation.ResultsWe identified four self‐explaining approaches: restricted explanations, elemental explanations, inferential explanations, and strategic explanations. After completing the activity, students who self‐explained incomplete worked examples showed better results in the quality of their explanations and conceptual change than students in the incorrect worked example condition.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a relationship between the type of worked example, students' approaches to self‐explaining, and their conceptual change and problem‐solving skills in statics. To increase the quality of the students' explanations and to improve their conceptual understanding, additional prompts or initial training in self‐explaining may be required within the worked‐examples context.
Medicare beneficiary barriers to genetic counselor services: Implications for patient policy, decision‐making, and care
Authors: Riordan Sara , Richardson John , Zierhut Heather , Goodnight Bradley L. , Sieling Fred H. , Black Christopher M. , Moore Rebekah A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIf passed, the “Access to Genetic Counselor Services Act” will authorize genetic counselors to provide services under Medicare part B. We assert that Medicare policy should be updated through the enactment of this legislation to provide Medicare beneficiaries with direct access to genetic counselor services. In this article, we discuss the background, history, and some recent research relevant to patient access to genetic counselors to provide context and perspective regarding the rationale, justification, and potential results of the proposed legislation. We outline the potential impact of Medicare policy reform, including the effect on access to genetic counselors in high‐demand areas or underserved communities. Although the proposed legislation pertains only to Medicare, we argue that private systems will also be impacted by passage as this may lead to an increase in hiring and retention of genetic counselors by health systems, thereby improving access to genetic counselors across the US.
Climate change impacts on snow cover area and snowmelt runoff in the Ajichai Basin‐Iran
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Sabaghzadeh Maryam , Fatehifar Atiyeh , Attar Nasrin Fathollahzadeh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring snowmelt in mountainous areas, runoff can play an important role in providing water to the region. This study examined the effect of climate change on runoff in Ajichai, Iran, since it affects air warming and faster melting of snow and ice. Using the sixth report provided by IPCC, the future temperature and precipitation in the years 2015–2100 were predicted using two scenarios, SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5. According to the results, the average annual minimum and maximum temperatures would increase by 1° during this period, but precipitation would decrease by about 3%. Based on the Snow Runoff Model (SRM) model and the snow cover area (SCA) obtained from Google Earth Engine and MODIS daily images from 2013 to 2018, runoff caused by snow melting was simulated. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient between snow cover and temperature and precipitation, the SCA was estimated in three decades: 2031–2040, 2061–2070, and 2091–2100. With reasonable accuracy, the SRM was able to simulate runoff. In the SSP1 scenario, the SCA in spring and winter will remain the same throughout all three decades, but in the SSP5 scenario, it will decrease by about 17%. In the future, the runoff will decrease by up to 6% in the winter and increase in the spring.
Last Interglacial–Glacial sequence of palaeosols and calcareous slope deposits at Verteuil (Charente, southwest France)
Authors: Puyrigaud Jules , Bertran Pascal , Lebrun Brice , Lahaye Christelle , Guerin Guillaume , Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe 12 m thick sequence of calcareous slope deposits and palaeosols exposed in a quarry at Verteuil (southwest France) has been studied and dated by optically stimulated luminescence. Emphasis was given to the identification and characterisation of palaeosols through geochemistry and micromorphology. The main clastic units, separated by major unconformities, were dated to MIS 6, MIS 5–4 and MIS 3–2. Stratified deposits (‘grèzes litées’), consisting of alternating diamictic and matrix‐free clastic beds and attributed to stacked stone‐banked solifluction lobes, developed mainly after ca. 40 ka, i.e. during late MIS 3 and MIS 2. MIS 3 is recorded as a palaeosol complex including two humic A horizons overlying a chromic cambisol associated with burrows of ground squirrels, while MIS 5 corresponds to a reworked rubified chromic cambisol. Overall, this sequence shows similarities with the clastic deposits found in regional cave porches and rock shelters, strongly suggesting that anthropogenic activities did not significantly modify the climate‐driven sedimentary and soil‐forming processes at the Palaeolithic sites.
Health and social consequences for survivors of genocidal rape: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Varshney Karan , Chu Minh Giao , Shet Pavan , Hopkins Jade , Braga Francesca , Ghosh Prerana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe unique forms of trauma experienced by survivors of genocidal rape are not well understood. Hence, we conducted a systematic scoping review regarding the consequences for survivors of rape during genocide. Searches conducted in PubMed, Global Health, Scopus, PyscInfo, and Embase produced a total of 783 articles. After completing the screening process, 34 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. The included articles focus on survivors from six different genocides, with most focusing on either the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda or the Yazidis in Iraq. The study findings consistently show that survivors deal with stigmatization as well as a lack of both financial and psychological social support. This lack of support is partly due to social ostracization and shame but is also attributed to the fact that many survivors’ families and other providers of social support were murdered during the violence. Many survivors, particularly young girls, reported dealing with intense forms of trauma both as a direct result of sexual violence and due to witnessing the death of their community members during the period of genocide. A notable proportion of survivors became pregnant from genocidal rape and contracted HIV. Group therapy was shown to improve mental health outcomes across numerous studies. These findings have important implications and can inform recovery process efforts. Psychosocial supports, stigma reduction campaigns, community reestablishment, and financial assistance are integral in facilitating recovery. These findings can also play an important role in shaping refugee support programs.
Concentration Effects of Methylprednisolone in Human Vocal Fold Fibroblast–Macrophage Co‐Culture
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Bing Renjie , Gartling Gary J. , Garabedian Michael J. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe diversity of glucocorticoid (GC) properties may underlie variability of clinical efficacy for vocal fold (VF) disease. Optimized therapeutic approaches must account for tissue complexity as well as interactions between cell types. We previously reported that reduced GC concentrations inhibited inflammation without eliciting fibrosis in mono‐cultured VF fibroblasts and macrophages. These data suggested that a refined approach to GC concentration may improve outcomes. In the current study, co‐culture of VF fibroblasts and macrophages was employed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of methylprednisolone on fibrotic and inflammatory response genes in VF fibroblasts to optimize management paradigms.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsTHP‐1 monocyte‐derived macrophages were stimulated with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) to induce inflammatory (M(IFN/LPS)) and fibrotic (M(TGF)) phenotypes. Macrophages were then co‐cultured with a human VF fibroblast cell line using a 0.4 μm pore membrane with or without 0.1–3000 nM methylprednisolone. Inflammatory (CXCL10, TNF, and PTGS2) and fibrotic (ACTA2, CCN2, and COL1A1) gene expression was quantified in fibroblasts.ResultsIncubating VF fibroblasts with M(IFN/LPS) macrophages increased expression of TNF and PTGS2, and this effect was inhibited by methylprednisolone. Incubation of VF fibroblasts with M(TGF) macrophages increased expression of ACTA2, CCN2, and COL1A1, and this effect was enhanced by methylprednisolone. The concentration of methylprednisolone required to downregulate inflammatory genes (TNF and PTGS2) was lower than that to upregulate fibrotic genes (ACTA2, CCN2, and COL1A1).ConclusionReduced concentration of methylprednisolone effectively suppressed inflammatory genes without enhancing fibrotic genes, suggesting that a refined approach to GC concentration may improve clinical outcomes.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:3116–3122, 2023
The effect of self‐management vestibular rehabilitation on persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness
Authors: Fujimoto Chisato , Oka Mineko , Ichijo Kentaro , Kinoshita Makoto , Kamogashira Teru , Sugasawa Keiko , Kawahara Takuya , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of self‐management vestibular rehabilitation (VR) on the subjective symptoms of dizziness and postural stability in persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD).Study designRetrospective case review.MethodsThe medical records of 30 patients newly diagnosed with PPPD based on the Bárány Society's diagnostic criteria were reviewed. Nineteen patients (4 males and 15 females; age range 27–84 years, mean age ± standard deviation 57.4 ± 14.2 years) who was newly instructed to self‐management VR were included and instructed to perform self‐management VR for 2 months.ResultsOne patient did not visit the outpatient clinic again, and in the remaining 18 patients, 4 (22%) discontinued VR at their own discretion. In the 12 patients who completed 2 months of VR (67%), there was a significant improvement in Niigata PPPD Questionnaire (NPQ) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scores after VR compared to those before VR (p < .05). However, the mean velocity of center of pressure (COP) movement (velocity) and the envelopment area traced by COP movement (area), as well as the Romberg ratio and foam ratio of velocity and area, did not differ significantly after VR when compared to those before VR (p > .05).ConclusionsFor PPPD, self‐management VR improved subjective symptoms of dizziness, but not stability of standing posture. It is necessary to improve patients' adherence to the treatment.Level of evidence4.
Anomalous Lateral Optical Force as a Manifestation of the Optical Transverse Spin
Authors: Yu Xinning , Li Yaxin , Xu Bijun , Wang Xiaogang , Zhang Lei , Chen Jun , Lin Zhifang , Chan Che Ting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInteracting with an evanescent wave, an achiral particle can experience a lateral optical force (LOF) in a direction which is perpendicular to that of the illuminating photon momentum while the system apparently has the left–right symmetry. Here, using the Cartesian multipole expansion theory, a general relationship between LOF and spin and momentum is established. Most importantly, it is demonstrated that an anomalous LOF exerted on an isotropic achiral particle of arbitrary size and composition is proportional to the optical transverse spin in the incident evanescent wave that carries pure transverse spin associated with spin‐momentum locking. Manifesting itself as a mechanical consequence of the Berry phase effect, this anomalous LOF suggests a direct detectability of the transverse spin of light, as well as mimicking the transverse shift of light in the spin Hall effect of photons.
Broadband 32 × 32 Strictly‐Nonblocking Optical Switch on a Multi‐Layer Si3N4‐on‐SOI Platform
Authors: Gao Wei , Li Xin , Lu Liangjun , Liu Chenghan , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale silicon optical switches are essential to support the ever‐increasing data traffic. Among the various switching architectures, the well‐known switch‐and‐select (S&S) architecture has the advantages of low crosstalk and strict non‐blocking. However, it suffers from high path‐dependent losses as the waveguide crossings increase dramatically with the number of ports. In this paper, a large‐scale 32 × 32 S&S optical switch on a multi‐layer Si3N4‐on‐SOI platform is reported. The optical switch chip incorporates 1984 broadband thermo‐optic Mach‐Zehnder interferometer (MZI)‐based switch elements, 246 016 three‐dimensional (3D) waveguide crossings, and 2048 interlayer couplers. Both ≈1‐mdB‐loss 3D waveguide crossings and ≈0.3‐dB‐loss interlayer couplers are realized, significantly reducing the overall insertion loss and footprint of the switch chip. The measured average fiber‐to‐fiber insertion loss is 12.88 dB at the 1580 nm wavelength. In addition, the crosstalk is less than −20.7 dB over the 110‐nm wavelength range. The power consumption of the entire switch chip is only ≈0.98 W due to the air trenches and substrate undercut. High‐fidelity optical transmission of a 50 Gb s−1 quadrature phase‐shift keying signal verifies the high‐performance routing capability of this chip. These results indicate that the large‐scale optical switch with broadband, low crosstalk, and high‐power efficiency is promising for datacenter optical network applications.
The subset relation and 2‐stratified sentences in set theory and class theory
Authors: McKenzie Zachiri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHamkins and Kikuchi (2016, 2017) show that in both set theory and class theory the definable subset ordering of the universe interprets a complete and decidable theory. This paper identifies the minimum subsystem of , , that ensures that the definable subset ordering of the universe interprets a complete theory, and classifies the structures that can be realised as the subset relation in a model of this set theory. Extending and refining Hamkins and Kikuchi's result for class theory, a complete extension, , of the theory of infinite atomic boolean algebras and a minimum subsystem, , of are identified with the property that if is a model of , then is a model of , where M is the underlying set of , is the unary predicate that distinguishes sets from classes and is the definable subset relation. These results are used to show that that decides every 2‐stratified sentence of set theory and decides every 2‐stratified sentence of class theory.
Polymeric Bowl‐Shaped Nanoparticles: Hollow Structures with a Large Opening on the Surface
Authors: Sun Hui , Gao Yaning , Fan Yirong , Du Jianzhong , Jiang Jinhui , Gao Chenchen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolymeric bowl‐shaped nanoparticles (BNPs) are anisotropic hollow structures with large openings on the surface, which have shown advantages such as high specific area and efficient encapsulation, delivery and release of large‐sized cargoes on demand compared to solid nanoparticles or closed hollow structures. Several strategies have been developed to prepare BNPs based on either template or template‐free methods. For instance, despite the widely used self‐assembly strategy, alternative methods including emulsion polymerization, swelling and freeze‐drying of polymeric spheres, and template‐assisted approaches have also been developed. It is attractive but still challenging to fabricate BNPs due to their unique structural features. However, there is still no comprehensive summary of BNPs up to now, which significantly hinders the further development of this field. In this review, the recent progress of BNPs will be highlighted from the perspectives of design strategies, preparation methods, formation mechanisms, and emerging applications. Moreover, the future perspectives of BNPs will also be proposed.
Unrevealing the connection between real sample analysis and analytical method. The case of cytokines
Authors: Irimeș Maria‐Bianca , Tertiș Mihaela , Oprean Radu , Cristea Cecilia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCytokines are compounds that belong to a special class of signaling biomolecules that are responsible for several functions in the human body, being involved in cell growth, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Thus, they represent valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and drug therapy monitoring certain medical conditions. Because cytokines are secreted in the human body, they can be detected in both conventional samples, such as blood or urine, but also in samples less used in medical practice such as sweat or saliva. As the importance of cytokines was identified, various analytical methods for their determination in biological fluids were reported. The gold standard in cytokine detection is considered the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and the most recent ones have been considered and compared in this study. It is known that the conventional methods are accompanied by a few disadvantages that new methods of analysis, especially electrochemical sensors, are trying to overcome. Electrochemical sensors proved to be suited for the elaboration of integrated, portable, and wearable sensing devices, which could also facilitate cytokines determination in medical practice.
Editorial: Atmospheric processes and applications in urban, coastal and mountainous terrain
Authors: Kossmann Meinolf , Giovannini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis editorial introduces the contributions to the Special Issue ‘Atmospheric processes and applications in urban, coastal, and mountainous terrain’ of the journal Meteorological Applications. The scientific background and motivation for this Special Issue are described and followed by a brief summary of the 15 articles of this Special Issue. The conclusions of this Editorial summarise the approaches taken and address future developments expected in process‐oriented studies and for the development of applications in complex terrain.
Regularized SUPER‐CAIPIRINHA: Accelerating 3D variable flip‐angle T1 mapping with accurate and efficient reconstruction
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Jian , Li Guobin , Zhu Jiayu , Tang Xin , Hu Chenxi 
Published: May 2023

PurposeTo propose an acceleration method for 3D variable flip‐angle (VFA) T1 mapping based on a technique called shift undersampling improves parametric mapping efficiency and resolution (SUPER).MethodsThe proposed method incorporates strategies of SUPER, controlled aliasing in volumetric parallel imaging (CAIPIRINHA), and total variation‐based regularization to accelerate 3D VFA T1 mapping. The k‐space sampling grid of CAIPIRINHA is internally undersampled with SUPER along the contrast dimension. A proximal algorithm was developed to preserve the computational efficiency of SUPER in the presence of regularization. The regularized SUPER‐CAIPIRINHA (rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA) was compared with low rank plus sparsity (L + S), reconstruction of principal component coefficient maps (REPCOM), and other SUPER‐based methods via simulations and in vivo brain T1 mapping. The results were assessed quantitatively with NRMSE and structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and qualitatively by two experienced reviewers.ResultsrSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA achieved a lower NRMSE and higher SSIM than L + S (0.11 ± 0.01 vs. 0.19 ± 0.03, p < 0.001; 0.66 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.03, p < 0.001) and REPCOM (0.16 ± 0.02, p < 0.001; 0.46 ± 0.04, p < 0.001). The reconstruction time of rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA was 6% of L + S and 2% of REPCOM. For the qualitative comparison, rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA showed improvement of overall image quality and reductions of artifacts and blurring, although with a lower apparent SNR. Compared with 2D SUPER‐SENSE, rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA significantly reduced NRMSE (0.11 ± 0.01 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and generated less noisy reconstructions.ConclusionBy incorporating SUPER, CAIPIRINHA, and regularization, rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA mitigated noise amplification, reduced artifacts and blurring, and achieved faster reconstructions compared with L + S and REPCOM. These advantages render 3D rSUPER‐CAIPIRINHA VFA T1 mapping potentially useful for clinical applications.