bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Contacts on Narrow‐Bandgap Black Phosphorus for Self‐Driven Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Tang Kai , Yan Chaoyi , Du Xinchuan , Rao Gaofeng , Zhang Miao , Wang Yang , Wang Xianfu , Xiong Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelf‐driven broadband photodetectors based on two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable interest for their outstanding optoelectronic properties. Asymmetric contact induced potential barrier on 2D narrow‐bandgap materials is a feasible scheme for self‐driven broadband photodetectors, but has not been constructed untill now due to the band structure mismatch of the channel and metal electrodes. Herein, a self‐driven broadband photodetector is reported covering from visible to infrared spectrum by well designing the band structure of the Cr/BP/WTe2 heterostructure with asymmetric contact architecture, constructing a huge potential barrier at the two ends of the black phosphorus (BP) channel due to the perfect ohmic and Schottky contacts at the WTe2‐BP and Cr‐BP interfaces, respectively. The as‐fabricated device exhibits responsivity of ∼283 and ∼193 mA/W under 532 and 1550 nm illumination, respectively, under zero bias with corresponding detectivity of ∼2.3×1011 and ∼1.2×1011 Jones. The results demonstrate that the well‐designed band structure can be adopted to construct ideal Schottky and ohmic contact on 2D narrow‐bandgap materials to realize a self‐driven broadband photodetector. These findings highlight a simple and novel strategy for constructing predesigned band structure for further electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Supramolecular Two‐Photon Switch for Near‐Infrared (NIR) Cell Imaging
Authors: Yu Jie , Niu Jie , Wang Hui , Wang Cong‐Hui , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA light controllable two‐photon near‐infrared (NIR) optical probe is conveniently constructed by multivalent supramolecular co‐assembly of amphiphilic sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A), tricationic triphenylamine (TPA), and diarylethene derivative (DE). The obtained results indicate that the formed SC4A/TPA nanoparticle displays assemble‐confined behaviors and enhances the two‐photon excited NIR emission. Benefiting from the reversible ring‐opened and closed behaviors of the DE under 365 and > 600 nm light irradiation, the dicationic DE in the assembly could act as an energy acceptor after 365 nm light irradiation, then the co‐assembly of SC4A/TPA/DE could achieve a NIR fluorescence ON and OFF switch and is successfully applied in HeLa cell imaging, providing a convenient approach to supramolecular two‐photon switch for cell imaging.
Non‐Halogen Solvent Processed Binary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19% and Module Efficiency Over 15% Enabled by Asymmetric Alkyl Chain Engineering
Authors: Zhong Zuiyi , Chen Shihao , Zhao Ju , Xie Juxuan , Zhang Kai , Jia Tao , Zhu Chang , Jing Jianhua , Liang Youcai , Hong Ling , Zhu Shengtian , Ma Dongge , Huang Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effective molecular design of non‐fullerene acceptors is important to high‐efficiency organic solar cells. Herein, asymmetric alkyl chain engineering is applied to design a new acceptor named DTC11. Compared with the model accpetor DTY6 with two long‐branched alkyl chains (2‐decyltetradecyl) on dithie‐nothiophen[3.2‐b]‐pyrrolobenzothiadiazole central unit, DTC11 owns a 2‐decyltetradecyl chain and an undecyl chain in the inner bay side of the central unit. It is found that with such modification of asymmetric long alkyl side chains, the crystallinity, absorption coefficient, and exciton lifetime of DTC11 are all improved. Moreover, in comparison with D18:DTY6 device, non‐halogen solvent processed D18:DTC11 device shows enhanced exciton generation and dissociation, improved charge transport as well as weak recombination, promoting higher short‐circuit current density and fill factor. Consequently, D18:DTC11 device delivers an outstanding efficiency of 19.0%. More significantly, non‐halogen solvent processed D18:DTC11 large‐area module (active area 21 cm2) is fabricated by blade coating, and an impressive efficiency of 15.4% with fill factor of 74.6% is realized. This study demonstrates that the asymmetric alkyl chain engineering is a feasible strategy to design non‐fullerene acceptor with high‐performance and non‐halogen solvent processability, which are very essential for the commercialization of large‐area module.
Amniotic fluid volume and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Whitcombe Dayna , Magann Everett , Steelman Susan , Hu Zhuopei , Ounpraseuth Songthip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse amniotic fluid volume (AFV), specifically oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, and associated pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in twin gestations through systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsWe utilised systematic review methodology to identify items within published and grey literature resources. Prospective and retrospective studies with a control group were included. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies in English, twin pregnancy in which AFVs and associated pregnancy and/or neonatal outcomes were evaluated. Exclusion criteria included the presence of an anomalous fetus, chromosome abnormality, monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by twin–twin transfusion syndrome or twin‐reversed arterial perfusion, twin gestations undergoing therapeutic interventions (i.e. fetoscopic laser photocoagulation and serial amniocentesis) and monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy.ResultsThe literature search identified 1068 abstracts, only four met criteria for inclusion and analysis. The pooled data (two studies per outcome) revealed no significant difference in rate of pre‐term delivery (OR: 2.94; CI: 0.20–43.81), pre‐term delivery less than 32 weeks (OR: 1.97; CI: 0.43–9.12), umbilical cord pH < 7 (OR: 2.66; CI: 0.22–32.51), rate of stillbirth (OR: 4.13; CI: 0.40–42.70), neonatal death (OR: 1.48; CI: 0.05–43.94), rate of NICU admission (OR: 1.38; CI: 0.61–3.11) or rate of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants (OR: 1.39; CI: 0.33–5.94).ConclusionBased on the pooled data (two studies per outcome), there was no difference in the fate of pre‐term delivery, umbilical cord pH < 7, stillbirth, neonatal death or SGA infants. What is disturbing is the lack of studies (1946–2020) that analysed the association between AFV and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies.
Surface grafting stearic acid to the coupling agent on attapulgite: A reinforced filler in castor oil‐based polyurethane coating
Authors: Wang Shiping , Shen Lushen , Yang Honglin , Cai Guohui , Lei Ganchang , Shen Lijuan , Zhan Yingying , Jiang Lilong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping economic controlled‐release fertilizers (CRFs) with superior performance is an ongoing and important research area. This work investigated the co‐modification of acid‐activated attapulgite (ac‐AT) to optimize its surface properties for polyurethane (PU) composite applications, specifically in the coatings of CRFs. The modified ac‐AT (MAT) rods were obtained through treatment with 2.0 wt.% KH‐560 coupling agent and in‐situ grafting with stearic acid (SA). Varying the addition amount of SA resulted in the synthesis of different MAT fillers. Along with the adjustment of the filling amount, the properties of the MAT/PU composites were controlled. Notably, applying 1.5 wt.% SA onto the KH‐560 treated ac‐AT produced MAT with a contact angle of 100.8°, enhancing hydrophobicity and dispersion within the PU matrix. Furthermore, at a filling amount of 9.0 wt.%, the MAT/PU composite exhibited the most favorable properties with a tensile strength of 2.37 MPa, making it the optimal coating for CRFs with 75% nutrient release within 46 days while the coating efficiency was 3.0 wt.%. This co‐modification approach shows great potential in enhancing filler properties and promoting their application in organic coatings.
Synthesis and performance evaluation of novel soybean oil‐based plasticisers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Authors: Burns Katharine , Ingram Ian D. V. , Potgieter Johannes H. , Potgieter‐Vermaak Sanja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNovel bio‐based plasticisers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are a significant and growing area of interest. These compounds aim to replace toxic and petrochemical additives in commonly used plastic products. Plasticisers can comprise as much as 50% of the total mass of the PVC product. Epoxidised soybean oil (ESBO) is a commercially available bio‐based plasticizer that is typically used at lower levels than traditional phthalates in PVC compounds because it does not show equivalent performance to existing phthalate plasticisers. Four derivatives of ESBO have been synthesized through reaction at the epoxide rings. These compounds have been evaluated in PVC formulations and compared to current petrochemical plasticisers, as well as ESBO. The product of methoxy polyethylene glycol and ESBO shows good plasticising ability, giving a PVC compound with higher tensile strength and elongation than dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than with the use of ESBO.
Twofold Mechanosensitivity Ensures Actin Cortex Reinforcement upon Peaks in Mechanical Tension
Authors: Ruffine Valentin , Hartmann Andreas , Frenzel Annika , Schlierf Michael , Fischer‐Friedrich Elisabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe actin cortex is an active polymer network underneath the plasma membrane at the periphery of mammalian cells. It is a major regulator of cell shape through the generation of active cortical tension. In addition, the cortex constitutes a mechanical shield that protects the cell during mechanical agitation. Cortical mechanics is tightly controlled by the presence of actin cross‐linking proteins that dynamically bind and unbind actin filaments. Cross‐linker actin bonds are weak non‐covalent bonds whose bond lifetime is likely affected by mechanical tension in the actin cortex making cortical composition inherently mechanosensitive. Here, a quantitative study of changes in cortex composition and turnover dynamics upon short‐lived peaks in active and passive mechanical tension in mitotic HeLa cells is presented. These findings dsclose a twofold mechanical reinforcement strategy of the cortex upon tension peaks entailing i) a direct catch‐bond mechanosensitivity of cross‐linkers filamin and α‐actinin and ii) an indirect cortical mechanosensitivity that triggers actin cortex reinforcement via enhanced polymerization of actin. Thereby a “molecular safety belt” mechanism that protects the cortex from injury upon mechanical challenges is disclosed.
Photo‐ und Halbleitfähigkeit von Festkörpern isomerer und tautomerer Moleküle. II. Photoleitfähigkeit von 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol
Authors: Rau Hermann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDünne Schichten von 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol zeigen starke Photoeffekte der Oberflächenleitfähigkeit. Aktions‐ und Absorptionsspektrum stimmen nur im Sichtbaren überein, im UV‐Gebiet steigt die Photoleitfähigkeit steil an. Dies wird mit großen Raumladungseffekten in der Oberfläche erklärt. Unter deren Berücksichtigung ist das Aktionsspektrum dem Absorptionsspektrum der Hydrazonform ähnlich. Die Beteiligung der beiden Formen des Moleküls an der Photoleitung wird diskutiert. Das Photostrom‐Zeit‐Verhalten ist ebenfalls durch Raumladungen bestimmt. Da diese zeitlich sehr stabil sind, wird die 1‐Benzolazo‐2‐naphthol‐Oberflächenzelle auf ihre Eignung als reversibler optischer Informationsspeicher untersucht.
Untersuchung von Primärprozessen an gasförmigem Schwefelwasserstoff mit Hilfe der Pulsradiolyse
Authors: Perner D. , Franken Th. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie wesentlichen Reaktionen der durch Pulsradiolyse im H2S erzeugten kurzlebigen Zwischenprodukte wurden direkt oder indirekt durch kinetische Spektroskopie in reinem H2S und in verschiedenen Gemischen von H2S mit Zusätzen verfolgt. Mit Hilfe dieser Informationen wurde ein Mechanismus für die H2S‐Zersetzung aufgestellt. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten k = (7,7 ± 1,5) · 108 1 mol−1 sec−1 und kSH+SH = (3,2 ± 0,3) · 1010 1 mol−1 sec−1 wurden gemessen.Daneben wurden noch absolute Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Reaktionen des SH‐Radikals mit 1.3‐Butadien, 1.4‐Cyclohexadien, Allen, Cyclohexen, Vinylchlorid, Äthylenoxid, Acetylen, 1‐Buten, Benzol und H2S2 bestimmt.
High Salt Electrolyte Solutions Challenge the Electrochemical CO2Reduction Reaction to Formate at Indium and Tin Cathodes
Authors: Kas Aykut , Izadi Paniz , Harnisch Falk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFormate is a promising product of the electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (eCO2RR) that can serve as feedstock for biological syntheses. Indium (In) has been shown as a selective electrocatalyst of eCO2RR with high coulombic efficiency (CE) for formate production at small scale at biocompatible non‐halophilic that is low salt conditions. Ohmic losses and challenges on potential/current distribution arise for scaling‐up, where higher salt loads are advantageous for minimizing these. Higher salt concentration within the solution or halophilic conditions also enable the use of halophilic biocatalysts. We optimized eCO2RR with halophilic media by introducing tin (Sn) as a more sustainable alternative to In. At 3 % NaCl providing a catholyte conductivity (of 70 mS cm−1, the maximum specific formate production rates (rformate) of 0.143±0.030 mmol cm−2 h−1and 0.167±0.027 mmol cm−2 h−1were achieved at In and Sn electrocatalysts, respectively. Decrease inrformateand CE, in addition to higher variation between replicates was observed with further increase in NaCl concentration above 3 % (>70 mS cm−1) up to 10 % (=127 mS cm−1). This study sets the foundation for integrated microbial synthesis by halophiles.
Laser‐Assisted Interfacial Engineering for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Ryoo Gyeongbeom , Lee Byunghak , Shin Sunghyeon , Kim Younghyeon , Han Joong Tark , Jeong Bosu , Park Jong Hwan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSafe and high‐energy‐density solid‐state batteries (SSBs) are promising candidates for use as the primary power source of next‐generation electric vehicles. However, their poor rate capabilities and long‐term cyclabilities because of material and interfacial instabilities have hindered their widespread commercialization. This study reviewed the recent progress of laser‐assisted interfacial engineering technologies to address the stability issues at the interfaces of SSBs. First, the overview of the interfacial issues of SSBs is briefly outlined. Subsequently, the recent achievements are summarized according to the photophysical mechanisms of laser processing and the type of interfaces to which they are applied. Consequently, the critical laser processing factors to improve the interfacial stabilities of SSBs are highlighted in detail. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities in laser‐assisted interfacial engineering for manufacturing high‐performance SSBs have been discussed to provide guidelines for developing reliable and scalable processes.
Is Enol Always the Culprit? The Curious Case of High Enantioselectivity in a Chiral Rh(II) Complex Catalyzed Carbene Insertion Reaction
Authors: Harariya Mahesh S. , Gogoi Romin , Goswami Anubhav , Sharma Akhilesh K. , Jindal Garima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of Rh2(S‐NTTL)4 catalyzed carbene insertion into C(3)−H of indole is investigated using DFT methods. Since the commonly accepted enol mechanism cannot account for enantioinduction, a concerted oxocarbenium pathway was proposed in an earlier work using a model catalyst. However, after considering the full catalytic system, this study finds that akin to other reactions, here, too, the enol pathway is of lower energy, which now naturally raises a conundrum regarding the mode of chiral induction. Herein, a new water promoted mechanistic pathway involving a metal‐associated enol intermediate hydrogen bonding and stereochemical model are proposed to solve this puzzle. It is shown how the catalyst bowl‐shaped structure along with substrate‐catalyst binding is crucial for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity. A stereodetermining water‐assisted proton transfer is proposed and confirmed through deuterium‐labeling experiments. The water molecules are held together by H‐bonding interactions with the carboxylate ligands that is reminiscent of enzyme catalysis. Although several previous studies have aimed at understanding the mechanism of metal catalyzed carbene insertion reactions, the origin of high stereoinduction especially with chiral metal complexes remains unclear, and till date there is no transition state model that can explain the high enantioselectivity with such chiral Rh complexes. The metal‐associated enol pathway is currently underrepresented in catalytic cycles and may play a crucial role in catalyst design. Since the enol pathway is commonly adopted in other metal‐catalyzed X−H insertion reactions involving a diazoester, the presented results are not specific to the current reaction. Therefore, this study could provide the direction for achieving high levels of enantioselectivity which is otherwise difficult to achieve with a single metal catalyst.
Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Co‐formulated Bilayer Tablet Following Repeated Administration in Healthy Chinese Adults
Authors: Kalluri Hari V. , Oberoi Rajneet K. , Chen Qian , Jiang Qi , Asatryan Armen , Alami Negar N. , Yu Chen , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlecaprevir (GLE)/pibrentasvir (PIB) is an all‐oral, interferon‐ and ribavirin‐free, pan‐genotypic fixed‐dose combination regimen approved for the treatment of all major genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in many countries worldwide. To support clinical development in China, an open‐label, single‐center phase 1 study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of GLE/PIB in healthy Chinese adults in Mainland China. Eighteen participants received 3 tablets of coformulated GLE/PIB 100/40 mg once daily (QD) for 7 days. Following GLE/PIB 300 mg/120 mg administration, GLE and PIB reached maximum concentration in 4‐5 hours with a terminal elimination half‐life of 5.9 and 25 hours, respectively. Both GLE and PIB reached steady state by day 5, with no‐to‐minimal accumulation (≤17% higher). GLE/PIB exposures in healthy Chinese participants were similar to historical observations across phase 1 studies in healthy Western participants. GLE/PIB was safe and well‐tolerated, with most adverse events being mild. These pharmacokinetics and safety data, together with existing global efficacy and safety data in healthy and HCV‐infected Western participants, support the use of GLE/PIB 300 mg/120 mg QD in adult Chinese patients with chronic HCV infection.
Molecular Properties of 3d and 4f Coordination Compounds Deciphered by Raman Optical Activity Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Tao , Pelc Radek , Bouř Petr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMolecular properties of coordination compounds can be efficiently studied by vibrational spectroscopy. The scope of Raman spectroscopy has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of Raman optical activity (ROA) sensitive to chirality. The present review describes some of its recent applications to study the coordination compounds. 3d and 4f metal complexes often absorb the excitation light, or exhibit luminescence. Therefore, effects caused in ROA spectra by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) must be taken into consideration.In 3d metal complexes ECD and circularly‐polarized Raman scattering compete with the resonance ROA (RROA) signal. Pure RROA spectrum can thus be obtained by subtracting the so‐called ECD‐Raman component. CPL is frequently encountered in 4f systems. While it can mask the ROA spectra, it is useful to study molecular structure. These electronic effects can be reduced by using near‐infrared excitation although vibrational ROA signal is much weaker compared to the usual green laser excitation scenario. The ROA methodology is thus complex, but capable of providing unique information about the molecules of interests and their interaction with light.
Design and Synthesis of Energetic Melt‐Castable Materials by Substituent‐Specific Modification
Authors: Chen Fang , Wang Yi , Song Siwei , Wang Kangcai , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the increase in the demand for high‐performance composite explosives, the search for advanced energetic melt‐castable compounds has attracted increasing attention in the field of energetic materials. Herein, two new energetic materials with nitromethyl and azidomethyl substituents (1‐(nitromethyl)‐3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole (NMDNP) and 1‐(azidomethyl)‐3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazole (AMDNP) were prepared by the substituent modification of a potential melt‐castable molecule ((3,4‐dinitro‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl) methyl nitrate, MC‐4), respectively. NMDNP exhibited a suitable melting point (90 °C), good thermal stability (Td: 185 °C) and excellent detonation performance (8484 m s−1) and impact sensitivity (25 J), thereby demonstrating promise as an energetic melt‐castable material. Simultaneously, compared with the nitrato‐methyl and azidomethyl substituents, the nitromethyl substituent exhibited greater advantages in regulating performance.
Fabrication and Characterization of High‐Dimension Single‐Crystal Yb:YAG Ingots Grown by Horizontal Directed Crystallization Method
Authors: Kajan Juraj , Volkov Mikhail , Damazyan Grigori , Mukhin Ivan , Gregor Tomáš , Palashov Oleg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research conducted herein builds upon the achievement of a successful and stable 170 × 300 × 35 mm YAG and 5% Yb:YAG single‐crystals production via the horizontal directed crystallization method. Based on the analysis of residual birefringence pattern in analyzed ingots, a hypothesis is proposed—debating that in certain stages of the growth, {211} facets start to form within some sections of the crystallization front. The sensitivity of the {211} facets to temperature fluctuations seems to cause striations in the facets’ growth sectors. In a later stage of the growth process the slope of the crystallization front naturally changes, which seems to reduce the formation of facets considerably. As a result, the rear part of the crystal achieves the best optical quality. The samples extracted from that portion of the ingot, after annealing, possess good optical quality and heat release of 0.004 1/m at 1070 nm, which is quite low, and is considered a good result for the garnet family of crystals. The lasing experiment with thin‐disk geometry shows a slope efficiency of 52% and proves that the material is suitable for high‐power lasers application.