bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes on the Healing of Grade II Experimentally Induced Skeletal Muscle Injury in Adult Male Albino Rats. Histological Study
Authors: Abdelbary Omar Ahmed , khalaf Megahed Gehan , Hamam Ghada Galal , Al- Khalek Ali Hadwa Ali Abd 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common cause of severe longterm pain and physical disability. However, there is still no efficient treatment that leads to prevention of muscle fibrosis. Cell-Free therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes could provide a new promising therapy.

Aim
To study the potential role of MSCs-derived exosomes on the healing of experimentally induced grade II skeletal muscle injury in adult male albino rats.

Materials and Methods
Forty male albino Wister rats were used in this study. Five out of them were used for isolation of exosomes. The rest were randomly divided into three groups. Group I (Sham group), Group II (muscle injury group left for spontaneous healing), Group III (muscle injury treated with exosomes). Rats from each group were subdivided into two subgroups; subgroup “a and b” in which rats were sacrificed after ten days and twenty days, respectively. Muscle specimens were collected and prepared for proper histological techniques. Immuno-histochemical staining for detection of collagen type I and developmental myosin (MHCd) were also done. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were also performed.

Results
Granulation tissue and inflammatory cellular infiltration with significant increase in the mean area percentage of collagen fibers were noticed in subgroups of untreated muscle injury compared to the corresponding exosomes treated subgroups. This was confirmed by collagen type I immune histochemical reaction. Group III (treated with exosomes) showed better muscle regeneration and significant decrease in muscle fibrosis. Significant increase in immunohistochemical reaction of developmental myosin was noticed in exosomes treated subgroups compared to corresponding untreated muscle injury subgroups.

Conclusions
Exosomes enhance muscle regeneration after induced muscle injury. Exosomes also decreased muscle fibrosis and improve muscle healing.
Directly Acting Anti-Viral Drugs and Its Metabolic Side Effects in Patients with Chronic HCV
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed Marei , Said Moataz Mohamed , Amr Khaled , Abdallah Abdallah Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, with chronically infected making up approximately 1% of the global population.

Aim and Objectives
The aim of this work was to study side effects of directly acting anti HCV drug (DAA) and its progression in metabolism of lipid profile, blood sugar level, and renal function.

Subjects and Methods
This case study had been carried out on 200 subjects presented to Department of Internal Medicine at Kobbri ELkobba hospital inpatient and outpatient clinics between March 2016 and September 2016. All subjects participating in the study was asked to sign informed concept before inclusion.

Results
There are non-significant changes in liver enzymes, AST, ALT, INR, and CBC. But in lipid profile, non-significant changes in HDL, But noticed significant decrease in LDL and significant increase in TG from (172.53 ± 36.11) to (267.84 ± 63.24 ) and Total cholesterol, significant increase from (203.60 ± 53.85) to ( 216.15 ±55.67). In HbA1C, there was significant increase.

Conclusion
Once-daily oral daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir with or without Ribavirin was associated with high rates of sustained virologic response among patients infected with HCV, including chronic cirrhotic patients and relapsers, successful treatment associated with Improvement of liver function parameters in the majority of patients, Increase in urea level, serum creatinin and HbA1C. There is significant decrease in LDL and mild increase in TG level.
Study Association of Serum Immunoglobulins and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Awad Ahmed Emad , Saleh Shereen Abou Bakr , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed , Elmaradny Abdul-Aziz Mahmoud Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a spectrum of liver diseases which occurs in the absence of alcohol consumption, it has become a clinical burden around the world because of its independent relationship with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, hyperglycemia and tumor malignancy, as an example it's the most common chronic liver disease in North America, with reported prevalence rates of 10%–50% in the general population. However, only 10%–30% of NAFLD patients progress to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to further investigate the association between NAFLD and the serum immunoglobulins.

Patients and Methods
Atotal of one hundred Egyptian people were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: Group 1: 50 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed by clinical, laboratory and radiological investigations. Group 2: 50 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed by clinical, radiological features of NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes.

Results
Results of the present study revealed that the mean age of NAFLD was 44.4±9.3 and in NASH 50.6±8.5. In our study it was proven that Nafld prevalence increases with age. Concerning gender in our study there was predominance of female gender in NASH group by about 70% but in NAFLD they represent only 48%. In our study, it was proven that BMI and waist circumference were signifcnatly higher in NASH group. DM were signifciantly more frequent in NASH group. In the present study, there was no significant difference between the studied groups regarding hemoglobin, TLC and platelets.

Conclusion
Our results revealed that IgA was significantly higher among NASH group, IgM and IgG were significantly higher among NAFLD group. Results of this study showed statistically significant relation between ALT, AST, GGT and INR and degree of steatosis, they were higher among NASH group and also the albumin was significantly lower among NASH group on the other hand bilirubin was non-significantly higher in NASH.
Assessment of the Value of Mean Plathlet Volume, Des Gamma Carboxy Prothrombin and Alpha Feto Protein in Early Detection of HCC
Authors: Ahmed Osama Ashraf , Samier Elbaz Hosam , Nageb Gena Gamal , Elzayet Adel Magdy Mohammed Saleh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with an estimated 841,000 cases (9.3 cases per 100,000 person-years) and 782,000 deaths (8.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years) in 2018. HCC being often associated with liver cirrhosis masks symptoms of cancer progression and thus the clinical course of HCC is mostly asymptomatic.

Aim of the Work
To determine the value of mean platelet volume, Des gamma Carboxy prothrombin and Alfa-feto protein in early detection of Hepatocelluler carcinoma

Patients and Methods
This case cross sectional comparative study had been carried out after the approval of the Ethics Committees of the faculty of medicine Ain Shams university on 105 subjects, age range 25-68 year selected from: Patients attending Hepatology and virology outpatient clinic at ElDemerdash hospital Also Liver transplantation center at Ain Shams specialized hospital in Cairo after informed consent were taken from the patients

Results
In this study HCC was found to be more prevalent in men 28 (80.0%) than in women 7 (20.0%). In our study AFP, MPV and DCP were highest in HCC group, followed by CLD group and lowest in control group. The differences between all groups were significant in MPV and DCP, with no significant difference between CLD and HCC in AFP. In the present study, DCP values of HCC group showed a highly significant increase upon comparison with the non malignant groups (II, and III). The sensitivity of DCP was higher than AFP in detecting HCC patients (97.1% versus 54.3%),

Conclusion
Measurement of MPV is non-invasive, cheap and quick, and may therefore serve as a predictor of HCC in patients with CLD. Low sensitivity and specificity, on the other hand, suggests that this may be an adjunctive parameter to some other markers like AFP. Further studies with larger samples are needed to determine the association of MPV with HCC. For a single test DCP had highest significant diagnostic performance in differentiating HCC from CLD groups. In detection of HCC testing AFP≥ 40.0 if positive considered positive. If negative, retest for DCP≥ 69.3 if positive considered positive, otherwise is negative. This although deceased specificity and Positive predictive value, it raised sensitivity and Negative Predictive Value to 100.0% when combining both AFP and DCP.
Colonoscopy versus Bowel Ultrasound in Assessment of Disease Activity and Severity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Badawy Hanan Mohammed , Mohammed Eslam Safwat , samir Ghait Ramy , El Kasem Ahmed Ahmed Abo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation usually limited to the mucosal layer of the colon. Treatment targets for UC patients nowadays include patient-reported as well as endoscopic remission. Recently, endoscopy is increasingly being used to guide treatment, because evidence suggests that mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes. However, it is challenging to repeatedly perform colonoscopies to assess mucosal disease activity due to the high cost and burden for the patient. Hence, alternative and reliable non-invasive methods to assess disease activity are needed.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to to comparison colonoscopy versus bowel ultrasound in assessment of disease activity and severity in patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study, was conducted at Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology outpatient clinics in Ain Shams University over 90 patients suffering from morbid obesity and in whom surgical management is indicated. Participants were divided into two groups: Group (1): (n = 30) healthy individuals, matched for age and gender, group (2): (n = 60) Active and inactive (in remission) ulcerative colitis patients.

Results
The main findings of the study revealed that: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Demographic data. The mean age at diagnosis was 36.11 (±10.42 SD) with range (20-53), the mean duration of disease was 1.95 (±0.83 SD) and according to Disease extent there were 48 (80%) left-sided, 11 (18.3%) extensive and 1 (1.7%) pancolitis. There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Laboratory investigations. There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard Radiological Examination. According to Endoscopic Findings there were 21 (35%) 0 or 1 (remission) and 39 (65%) 2 or 3 (active). There was high statistically significant relation between Endoscopic Findings and Laboratory investigations. There was high statistically significant relation between Endoscopic Findings and Radiological Examination.

Conclusion
BUS may represent a useful first-line, non-invasive tool for assessing endoscopic activity, severity, and extent, and may be helpful to determine in a rapid manner whether a significant flare has occurred and to guide the management of UC patients, delaying or avoiding colonoscopy when it is not needed. In addition, BUS may be preferred in clinical practice for monitoring disease course and for assessing short-term treatment response, reducing the necessity of repeated CS, although specific data on monitoring will be needed.
Significance of Serum Butyrylcholinesterase in Evaluating the Liver Reserve in Chronic Hepatitis (C) Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Nashaat Ehab Hassan , Ahmed Osama Ashraf , Allam Ahmed Samir , Shatla Ahmed Attia Elsayed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis. The acute process is self-limited, rarely causes hepatic failure and usually leads to chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection often follows a progressive course over many years and can ultimately result in cirrhosis, HCC and the need for liver transplantation. Liver cirrhosis is one of the major leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide including Egypt. Cirrhotic patients evaluated for the presence of complications by using Child-Pugh score. However; the cirrhotic patients particularly those with Child grades B and C with ascites or hemorrhagic tendency are usually treated with albumin or blood transfusion which may affect the numerical value for calculating the Child- Pugh score.

Objective
To evaluate serum cholinesterase level as a biomarker for detecting liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Subjects and Methods
The aim of this study is to evaluate serum cholinesterase level as a biomarker for detecting liver injury in patients with CHC. For this propose 40 patients with liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection and 10 healthy adults were selected and divided into 3 groups: Group 1: 20 Patients having compensated liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection. Group 2: 20 Patients having decompensated liver cirrhosis due to HCV infection. Group 3: 10 Healthy subjects matched for age and sex as a control.

Results
Sensitivity of cholinesterase is 100%, its specificity is 100% and its accuracy is 100%, in predicting liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Cholinesterase is positively correlated with Hb, platelets and albumin. Cholinesterase is negatively correlated with ALT, AST and ALP, total, direct bilirubin, PT, INR, urea, creatinine and AFP.

Conclusion
Serum cholinesterase is an excellent biomarker of the synthetic function of liver in CLD with hepatitis C. Cholinesterase levels should be routinely checked to assess liver function. It can be effectively used to follow the staging of liver disease in hepatitis C.
Amphiregulin as a Novel Biomarker in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma before and after Treatment
Authors: Mohamed Sherif Mounir , Ahmed Osama Ashraf , Samaan Amira Isaac , Hassan Ahmed Gamal Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common tumour worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death with a male-to-female predominance greater than 2:1. Our study depended on assessment of the diagnostic performance of serum AREG in HCC detection in addition to their correlation with different clinicopathological parameters in HCC and cirrhotic patients.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this work is to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum level of Amphiregulin for HCC and its prognostic value after transarterial chemo-embolization (TACE) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Patients and Methods
The study included 60 subjects divided into two groups: group I was 30 randomly patients with liver cirrhosis as a control, group II was 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent intervention with TACE or RF.

Results
Serum AREG levels was significantly higher between HCC group and liver cirrhosis group and it is suitable for diagnostic use. It was shown that the follow up level of AREG had a significant diagnostic performance in diagnosis of HCC recurrence at cut off value of ≥ 29.7 with sensitivity of 60% and specificity was 96%.

Conclusion
AREG is not suitable as a diagnostic marker for HCC but can be used as a prognostic marker for HCC after treatment, as it was found to be useful in prediction of possible tumour recurrence.
Role of Circulating Ectodysplasin A as a Biomarker in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Sayed Moataz Mohamed , Mohamed Manal Sabry , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed , Ali Ahmed Hafez Ezzat El-Sayed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Objective
To study serum level of Ectodysplasin A in patients with non-alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) to detect its relation to the incidence and severity of non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Case-Control clinical study. Study Setting: Internal medicine and hepatology outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital Study period: this is a 6-month study period starting from July 2020 till January, 2021.

Results
There was a significant difference in between the two groups regarding to platelet, ALT, AST, GGT and albumin. The mean Ectodysplasin A was 337.54 ± 196.63 (pg/ml) in NAFLD group and 221.43 ± 115.89(pg/ml) in control group with high statistical significant difference in between. There was a significant positive correlation in between Ectodysplasin A and Weight, BMI, WC (cm), FPG, HbA1c and LDL-C in NAFLD group.

Conclusion
Ectodysplasin A level is elevated in NAFLD patients than in control. Ectodysplasin A level could be used as an inflammatory biomarker for the prognosis of patients NAFLD. Therefore, measurement of Ectodysplasin A level provides a new strategy to more aggressive treatments for high-risk groups.
Comparative Study Evaluating the Effect of the Administration of Vitamin K1 versus Placebo on Vascular Calcification in Haemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elshinnawy Howayda Abdelhamid , Elsaid Tamer Wahid , Sharabasy Reem Mohsen El , Shamseldin Ahmed Mohamed Elsayed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular calcification is a risk factor and contributor to morbidity and mortality in End stage kidney disease patients. Patients with chronic kidney disease develop accelerated calcification of the intima, media, heart valves and myocardium as well as the rare condition of calcific uremic arteriolopathy (calciphylaxis). Pathomechanistically, Cardiovascular calcification is most likely due to an imbalance of promoters (e.g. Calcium and phosphate) and inhibitors (e.g. fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein).

Objective
to study the effect of oral vitamin k1 on serum Matrix gla protein in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and to study its effect as an important marker of vascular calcification.

Patients and Methods
This Placebo Controlled clinical trial was conducted for 3 months on 80 adult ESRD patients on regular Hemodialysis recruited from Ain shams university Hospitals hemodialysis unit, their age ranged from 18 to 75 years each participant signed informed consent classified into two groups, with the study group containing 40 patients who received Vitamin K1 therapy 5 mg every other day for three months duration and the control placebo group containing 40 patients who received Placebo every other day for three months duration.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to their risk factors regarding smoking, HTN, HCV, DM, and ISHD. In this clinical trial only 29 % of patients were diabetic, but their diabetes was well controlled and there was no significant difference between groups regarding incidence of diabetes. There was no significant difference between groups regarding vascular access (AVF, Double lumen tunneled dialysis catheter) and duration of dialysis (P &gt; 0.05). The current study showed that vitamin k1 therapy resulted in no significant effect in comparison to the placebo group on calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product and (P = 0.435), (P = 0.142), (P = 0.191) respectively. Age has non-significant effect on MGP level neither in the study group (P = 0.636) before vitamin k1 therapy nor in the placebo group (P = 0.841) and after vitamin k1 therapy in study group (P = 0.605) and placebo group (P = 0.332).

Conclusion
Different risk factors including Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Smoking, Heart failure, Ischemic heart disease and hepatitis c virus has no significant effect on serum MGP levels neither before nor after therapy in both study and placebo groups.
Value of Glypican-3 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma before and after Treatment. A Prospective Study
Authors: Isaac Amira , Badawy Hanan Mahmoud Mohamed , Mohamed Inas Elkhedr , Ibrahim Al Saeed Ezzat 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly prevalent tumor globally and the world's second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Glypican-3, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on the surface of HCC cells, has emerged as a new molecule with a strong link to occurrence and progression of HCC. This study was done to determine the role of Glypican-3 in diagnosis of HCC and its prognostic value following different treatment modalities. The study included thirty patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC on top, and thirty patients with liver cirrhosis without HCC, standard laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound and triphasic computed tomography were done for all patients. serum Alpha fetoprotein and Glypican-3 were measured in all patients before and one month after different treatment modalities

Results
Glypican-3 was significantly higher in HCC group (2.28 ± 0.97) in comparison to cirrhosis group (0.56 ± 0.31) with P-value 0.000. Glypican-3 level was higher in larger sized lesions with p value 0.023, one month after treatment with different modalities, Glypican-3 declined significantly (from 2.28 ± 0.97 to 1.44 ± 0.93) with p value 0.000. At a Cut-off point of &gt; 1.1 ng/ml Glypican-3 has 93.3% sensitivity, 96.67% specificity, 96.6% PPV and 93.5% NPV for detection of HCC.

Conclusion
Glypican-3 can be a valuable diagnostic marker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis after various treatment modalities. And may be complementary to Alpha fetoprotein increasing overall sensitivity of HCC detection.