bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Persistent Plastics Degradable
Authors: Farkas Vajk , Nagyházi Márton , Anastas Paul T. , Klankermayer Jürgen , Tuba Róbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vastness of the scale of the plastic waste problem will require a variety of strategies and technologies to move toward sustainable and circular materials. One of these strategies to address the challenge of persistent fossil‐based plastics is new catalytic processes that are being developed to convert recalcitrant waste such as polyethylene to produce propylene, which can be an important precursor of high‐performance polymers that can be designed to biodegrade or to degrade on demand. Remarkably, this process also enables the production of biodegradable polymers using renewable raw materials. In this Perspective, current catalyst systems and strategies that enable the catalytic degradation of polyethylene to propylene are presented. In addition, concepts for using “green” propylene as a raw material to produce compostable polymers is also discussed.
An improved long short‐term memory based on global optimization square root extended Kalman smoothing algorithm for collaborative state of charge and state of energy estimation of lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wu Fan , Wang Shunli , Cao Wen , Long Tao , Liang Yawen , Fernandez Carlos 
Published: April 2023

SummaryState of charge and state of energy are essential performance indicators of the battery management system and the key to reflecting the remaining capacity of batteries. Aiming at the problems of low precision, long time, and strongly nonlinear system estimation of state of charge and state of energy of lithium‐ion batteries based on traditional algorithm under complex working conditions, this paper proposes a hybrid method consisting of the long short‐term memory neural network and square root extended Kalman smoothing. The long short‐term memory neural network can enhance the memory ability of the previous time data. The sliding window technology is introduced into the network to improve the correlation between the last time and the subsequent time estimation. Based on the traditional Kalman filtering algorithm, the square root and reverse smoothing algorithms are introduced to solve the risk of the negative covariance matrix and the problems of slow convergence and significant estimation deviation caused by a strongly nonlinear system. According to experiments, under the hybrid pulse power characterization working condition at 25°C, the maximum absolute errors of state of charge and state of energy are 1.779% and 1.487%, and the mean absolute errors are 0.352% and 0.894%, respectively. Under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test working condition at 25°C, the maximum absolute errors of state of charge and state of energy are 2.703% and 2.369%, and the mean absolute errors are 0.462% and 0.621%, respectively. The experimental results show that this algorithm can obtain reliable state of charge and state of energy under different complex working conditions with high accuracy, convergence, and robustness.
A modified configuration of high step‐up non‐isolated DC‐DC converter with low voltage stress: Analysis, design, and implementation
Authors: Mohajery Reza , Shayeghi Hossein , Sedaghati Farzad , Bahador Asghar , Bizon Nicu 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis study develops a novel DC‐DC converter with an extremely high voltage conversion ratio that utilizes just one switch, a voltage multiplier circuit (VMC), and a coupled‐inductor. Two diodes and two capacitors comprise the VMC, employed to reach high voltage gain. Consequently, the conduction loss is minimized by using a low voltage rated switch with lower RDS(on). Due to the coupled inductor's leakage inductance, the output diodes' reverse recovery trouble is solved. Moreover, the passive clamp technique stores and recycles leakage energy at the output. The proposed DC‐DC converter features are high conversion ratio, low maximum voltage on semiconductors, remarkable efficiency, the existence of only one active low voltage switch, and simple circuit topology with common ground between the input and the output. This paper outlines CCM, BCM, and DCM's operating concept and steady‐state analysis in great detail. Furthermore, the suggested structure's capability is indicated by mathematical analysis and comparative findings with other earlier structures. Eventually, experimental findings with 210 W output power and 25 kHz switching frequency demonstrates that the proposed converter can be used successfully.
A fusion bandwidth extension technique for broadband low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Wang Xinsheng , Yu Xingxi , Lai Xiongliang 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWideband low‐noise amplifiers (LNAs) are widely used in 5G and 6G communication systems. This paper first analyzes two common bandwidth extension technologies: the stagger tuning technique and the magnetically coupled resonators (MCR) technique. Then, a four‐stage LNA based on double‐tuned transformer combined with stagger tuning idea and MCR idea was proposed. In order to improve the broadband characteristics of the LNA, the loose coupling double‐tuned transformer is carefully designed. Compared with the traditional stagger tuning LNA, it has better broadband characteristics, lower element error sensitivity, and lower design complexity. This designs a gain bandwidth product of 1.48 T with a −3‐dB bandwidth in 9.11 GHz and the noise factor is lower than 3 dB, which covers more than 45% −3‐dB fractional bandwidth. The LNA consumes 37‐mW power with a 1.1‐V supply and occupies 1.22 × 0.4 mm2.
Safety and tolerability of lumbar puncture for the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Baldaranov Dobri , Garcia Victoria , Miller Garrett , Donohue Michael C. , Shaw Leslie M. , Weiner Mike , Petersen Ronald C. , Aisen Paul , Raman Rema , Rafii Michael S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionLumbar puncture (LP) to collect and examine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important option for the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers but it is not routinely performed due to its invasiveness and link to adverse effects (AE).MethodsWe include all participants who received at least one LP in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Study. For comparison between groups, two‐sample t‐tests for continuous, and Pearson's chi‐square test for categorical variables were performed.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐seven LP‐related AEs were reported by 172 participants after 1702 LPs (13.3%). The mean age of participants who reported at least one AE was 69.79 (standard deviation (SD) 6.3) versus none 72.44 (7.17) years (p < 0.001) with female predominance (115/172 = 67.4% vs 435/913 = 48%), and had greater entorhinal cortical thickness and hippocampal volume (3.903 (0.782) vs 3.684 (0.775) mm, p = 0.002; 7.38 (1.06) vs 7.05 (1.15) mm3, p < 0.001), respectively.DiscussionWe found that younger age, female sex, and greater thickness of the entorhinal cortex were associated with a higher rate of LP‐related AE reports.
Juvéderm: What we know now
Authors: Shope Chelsea , Andrews Laura , Eason Chelsea , Schlesinger Todd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction: The Juvéderm family of dermal fillers are injectable, long‐lasting, homogenous, monophasic, monodensified hyaluronic acid fillers which are cross‐linked with varying amounts of 1,4‐butanediol‐diglycidyl‐ether (BBDE). Several formulations of Juvéderm exist, including the original Juvéderm Ultra® and Juvéderm Ultra Plus®, and the newer Juvéderm Voluma® XC. Differences in the Juvéderm product line stem from the hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration, gel hardness (G star (G*)), elastic properties (G prime (G′)), amount of molecular cross‐linking (BBDE percentage), and technology utilized for cross‐linking. Discussion: The Juvéderm filler lineup is such that each product is uniquely formulated for a specific indication. The lineup together has shown to be efficacious in treating superficial lines to deep‐seated wrinkles. These fillers are unlikely to cause adverse immune reactions, and as with other HAFs, their effects can be reversed with the injection of hyaluronidase. Conclusion: This chapter discusses the variety of fillers currently in the market within the Juvéderm family, as well as several new products on the horizon. We detail product FDA approvals, indications, safety, and adverse events.
Monitoring insect biodiversity and comparison of sampling strategies using metabarcoding: A case study in the Yanshan Mountains, China
Authors: Li Min , Lei Ting , Wang Guobin , Zhang Danli , Liu Huaxi , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInsects are the richest and most diverse group of animals and yet there remains a lack, not only of systematic research into their distribution across some key regions of the planet, but of standardized sampling strategies for their study. The Yanshan Mountains, being the boundary range between the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the North China Plain, present an indispensable piece of the insect biodiversity puzzle: both requiring systematic study and offering opportunities for the development of standardized methodologies. This is the first use of DNA metabarcoding to survey the insect biodiversity of the Yanshan Mountains. The study focuses on differences of community composition among samples collected via different methods and from different habitat types. In total, 74 bulk samples were collected from five habitat types (scrubland, woodland, wetland, farmland and grassland) using three collection methods (sweep netting, Malaise traps and light traps). After DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and diversity analysis were performed, a total of 7427 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at ≥97% sequence similarity level were delimited, of which 7083 OTUs were identified as belonging to Insecta. Orthoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were found to be the dominant orders according to community composition analysis. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis based on Bray–Curtis distances revealed highly divergent estimates of insect community composition among samples differentiated by the collection method (R = .524802, p = .001), but nonsignificant difference among samples differentiated according to habitat (R = .051102, p = .078). The study therefore appears to indicate that the concurrent use of varied collection methods is essential to the accurate monitoring of insect biodiversity.
A century of channel change caused by flow augmentation on Sixth Water Creek and Diamond Fork River, Utah, USA
Authors: Jones Jabari C. , Stout Jacob B. , Belmont Patrick , Blythe Todd L. , Wilcock Peter R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Diamond Fork River in central Utah, USA experienced extreme flow augmentation via transbasin flows. Beginning in 1916, irrigation water was delivered through a tributary, Sixth Water Creek, with daily summer flows regularly exceeding a 500‐year flood at the point of introduction. Flows were dramatically reduced by management action in 2004 but with mandated minimum flows. We examined the geomorphic response of Sixth Water and Diamond Fork using aerial imagery, lidar, topographic cross sections, and sediment transport measurements. River channel response varied with valley confinement and with position in the watershed, which determined the magnitude of augmented flow relative to natural floods and the amount of sediment supply. Confined, steep sections of Sixth Water incised many meters into bedrock, whereas partially confined and unconfined sections developed a braided form even under conditions of general incision. With the removal of flow augmentation, smaller natural floods on Sixth Water are unable to transport bed material and the channel remains static. On the alluvial lower Diamond Fork, a lower slope, upstream sediment supply, and larger natural floods produced a dynamic shifting channel that widened in response to natural floods. After flow augmentation, a coarsened bed is partially mobile and channel narrowing appears to be limited by artificial baseflow, which prevent vegetation establishment in the channel.
Accumulation of Thallium in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Following Acute and Subchronic Waterborne Exposure
Authors: Nagel Andrew , Cuss Chad W. , Goss Greg G. , Shotyk William , Glover Chris N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The accumulation and tissue distribution of toxicants in aquatic biota can be determinative of their toxic impact to both exposed organisms and their potential human consumers. In the present study, accumulation of the trace metal thallium (Tl) in gill, muscle, plasma, and otoliths of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following acute (96-h) and subchronic (28-day) waterborne exposures was investigated. Owing to known interactions between Tl and potassium ions (K+), plasma and muscle K+ concentrations were also determined. Branchial Tl accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in both acute and subchronic exposures, while plasma Tl was rapidly mobilized to tissues and accumulated only at exposure concentrations of 141 µg L−1 or higher. For muscle tissue, Tl concentrations at 28 days were markedly lower than those at 96 h at comparable exposure concentrations (0.9 µg L−1), indicating the presence of mechanisms that act to reduce Tl accumulation over time. However, after acute exposure, muscle Tl reached concentrations that, if consumed, would exceed acceptable daily intake values for this element, indicating some risk to human health from the consumption of fish from waters heavily contaminated with Tl. Otoliths showed Tl concentrations that reflected exposure concentration and length, confirming their capacity to provide insight into fish exposure history. No changes in tissue K+ concentrations were observed, suggesting that accumulation of Tl in rainbow trout plasma and muscle does not occur at the expense of K+ homeostasis. In addition to highlighting the capacity of rainbow trout to accumulate Tl to levels that exceed recommended dietary doses to human consumers, the present study provides the first data of tissue-specific Tl accumulation in an important regulatory species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1553–1563. © 2023 SETAC
Combining C‐reactive protein and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) to improve prognostic accuracy for sepsis and mortality in adult inpatients: A systematic review
Authors: Zacharakis Alexandra , Ackermann Khalia , Hughes Clifford , Lam Vincent , Li Ling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsInfections are common in hospitals, and if mismanaged can develop into sepsis, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This study aimed to examine whether combining C‐reactive protein (CRP) with the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) improves its accuracy for predicting mortality and sepsis in adult inpatients.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINAHL, Open Grey, Grey Literature Report, and the Clinical Trials registry were searched using CRP and qSOFA search terms. Title, abstract, and full‐text screening were performed by two independent reviewers using pre‐determined eligibility criteria, followed by data extraction and a risk of bias assessment using the Quality Assessment tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS‐2). Disagreements were settled through discussion and consultation with a third reviewer.ResultsFour retrospective studies with a total of 2070 patients were included in this review. Adding CRP to qSOFA improved the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve up to 9.7% for predicting mortality and by 14.9% for identifying sepsis. The sensitivity and specificity of the combined score for mortality prediction were available in two studies. CRP improved the sensitivity of qSOFA by 43% and 71% while only decreasing the specificity by 12% and 7%, respectively. A meta‐analysis was not performed due to study heterogeneity.ConclusionThis comprehensive review provided initial evidence that combining CRP with qSOFA may improve the accuracy of qSOFA alone in identifying sepsis or patients at risk of dying in hospital. The combined tool demonstrated the potential to improve patient outcomes, with implications for low‐resource settings given its simplicity and low‐cost.
Familial aggregation of early‐onset cancers in early‐onset breast cancer families
Authors: Rantala Jasmiina N. J. , Heikkinen Sanna M. M. , Hirvonen Elli M. , Tanskanen Tomas , Malila Nea K. , Pitkäniemi Janne M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe risk of early‐onset (EO) breast cancer is known to be increased in relatives of EO breast cancer patients, but less is known about the familial risk of other EO cancers. We assessed familial risks of EO cancers (aged ≤40 years) other than breast cancer in 54 753 relatives of 5562 women with EO breast cancer (probands) by using a population‐based cohort from Finland. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by using gender‐, age‐ and period‐specific cancer incidences of the general population as reference. The risk of any cancer excluding breast cancer in first‐degree relatives was comparable to population cancer risk (SIR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84‐1.16). Siblings' children of women with EO breast cancer were at an elevated risk of EO testicular and ovarian cancer (SIR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.69 and 2.69, 95% CI: 1.08‐5.53, respectively). The risk of EO pancreatic cancer was elevated in siblings of the probands (7.61, 95% CI: 1.57‐22.23) and an increased risk of any other cancer than breast cancer was observed in children of the probands (1.27, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.55). In conclusion, relatives of women with EO breast cancer are at higher familial risk of certain discordant EO cancers, with the risk extending beyond first‐degree relatives.
Post‐radiation treatment of 3,3′‐diselenodipropionic acid augments cell kill by modulating DNA repair and cell migration pathways in A549 cells
Authors: Gandhi Vishwa Vipulkumar , Gandhi Khushboo Atulkumar , Goda Jayant Sastri , Kumbhare Liladhar Baburao , Gota Vikram , Kunwar Amit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAim of the present study was to test whether ionizing radiation (IR) treatment along with 3,3′‐diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), a redox active organodiselenide achieved better tumor control by suppressing the growth and migration of lung cancer cells. The results indicated that post‐IR (2 Gy) treatment of DSePA (5 μM) led to a significantly higher cell death as compared to that of DSePA and IR treatments separately. Importantly, combinatorial treatment also showed reduction in the proportion of cancer stem cells and the clonogenic survival of A549 cells. The mechanistic studies indicated that combinatorial treatment although exhibited reductive environment (marked by decrease in ROS and increase of GSH/GSSG) at early time points (2–6 h postradiation), slowed DNA repair, inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)/cell migration and induced significant level of apoptosis. DSePA mediated suppression of ATM/DNAPKs/p53 (DNA damage response signaling) and Akt/G‐CSF (EMT) pathways appeared to be the major mechanism responsible for its radio‐modulating activity. Finally, the combined treatment of IR (2 Gy × 4) and DSePA (0.1–0.25 mg/kg body weight daily through oral gavage) showed a significantly higher tumor suppression of the A549 xenograft as compared to that of DSePA and IR treatments separately in the mouse model. In conclusion, post‐IR treatment of DSePA augmented cell kill by inhibiting DNA repair and cell migration in A549 cells.
Airborne virus shedding of the alpha, delta, omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and influenza virus in hospitalized patients
Authors: Ong David S. Y. , de Man Peter , Verhagen Tim , Doejaaren Gerda , Dallinga Marloes A. , Alibux Esmee , Janssen Matthijs L. , Wils Evert‐Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAirborne transmission is an important transmission route for the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Epidemiological data indicate that certain SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, like the omicron variant, are associated with higher transmissibility. We compared virus detection in air samples between hospitalized patients infected with different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants or influenza virus. The study was performed during three separate time periods in which subsequently the alpha, delta, and omicron SARS‐CoV‐2 variants were predominant. In total, 79 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and 22 patients with influenza A virus infection were included. Collected air samples were positive in 55% of patients infected with the omicron variant in comparison to 15% of those infected with the delta variant (p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron BA.1/BA.2 variant (as compared to the delta variant) and the viral load in nasopharynx were both independently associated with air sample positivity, but the alpha variant and COVID‐19 vaccination were not. The proportion of positive air samples patients infected with the influenza A virus was 18%. In conclusion, the higher air sample positivity rate of the omicron variant compared to previous SARS‐CoV‐2 variants may partially explain the higher transmission rates seen in epidemiological trends.
Highly efficient and ultra‐compact micro‐LED pico‐projector based on a microlens array
Authors: Li Yao , Jiang Haonan , Yan Yinguo , Liu Yongzhen , Zhou Ziping , Chen Enguo , Ye Yun , Xu Sheng , Yan Qun , Guo Tailiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPico‐projection displays are the main developing direction for future projection displays, but the balance between the optical efficiency and the system size is still a big concern. This paper presents a pico‐projector design based on micro‐LED (μLED) light sources. Firstly, based on the analysis of the characteristics of μLED, a highly integrated microlens array is designed to improve the system efficiency by reshaping the spatial light distribution. In addition, the matching relationship between the aperture angle of projection lens and the divergence angle of μLED is studied, and on this basis, a set of four‐piece spherical lens group is proposed to achieve compact size. Simulation results show that the μLED equipped with the microlens array can concentrate about 86% of the light energy within a dispersion angle of ±20°, thus increasing the light energy utilization by about 3.5 times and reducing the size of the pico‐projector to 30.18 mm3. The designed pico‐projector has high performance and compact size with great potential for future applications.