bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capabilities of the portable perimeter in the examination of visual field of bedridden patients (preliminary results)
Authors: Erichev V. P. , Levitsky Yu. V. , Grigoryan L. A. , Ermolaev A. P. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To study the capabilities of perimetry in patients who are physically unable to take and maintain the correct position at the stationary perimeter during the time required for examination.METHODS. The study examined 40 eyes (34 patients) with stage II–III glaucoma using the portable perimeter (PP) with patients in the sitting and lying positions. Screening perimetry with Humphrey Visual Field (HFA-II) performed in patients in the sitting position was used as control. In all cases, perimeter strategy of 30-2 was used involving presentation of 76 light stimuli in the zone of 30° from the gaze fixation point. To be able to compare the results obtained on HFA-II in the sitting position and on PP in the lying position, the results obtained with the help of PP in the sitting position were used as the "gateway group" (logical link).RESULTS. Comparison of the results obtained using the above-mentioned approaches revealed good visual comparability of perimeter maps with small individual deviations that require more detailed analysis on more clinical data using statistical and mathematical methods, which is a subject of further research. In that case, it will be necessary to take into account the presence of an orthostatic factor affecting intraocular blood flow at different positions of the patient.CONCLUSION. Portable perimetry is an effective method for examining the visual field of low-mobility and bedridden patients who are physically unable to undergo a perimetry examination on stationary devices.
Modern possibilities of laser surgery in the treatment of primary open-angle pigmentary glaucoma
Authors: Fokin V. P. , Balalin S. V. , Sarkisyan A. S. , Balalin A. S. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To analyze the effectiveness of the complex method of pigmentary glaucoma laser surgery: YAG-laser iridectomy and multistep selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).METHODS. We examined 18 patients (36 eyes) between 13 and 54 years old with primary open-angle pigmentary glaucoma: initial stage was detected in 13 patients (26 eyes), moderate stage — in 4 patients (8 eyes), advanced stage — in 1 patient (2 eyes). Laser iridectomy was performed as the first stage after individual IOP level was reached by drug therapy. SLT was performed 4 weeks later and was repeated around the trabecula every 4–6 months if exogenous pigmentation exceeded grade II. The observation period lasted 4 to 15 years.RESULTS. The glaucoma process was stabilized successfully in all cases. True IOP decreased by 6.6±0.3 mm Hg (-30%, p<0.05), Becker’s coefficient — by 121±4.3 (-60%, p<0.001), the number of drug instillations — by 1.32±0.06 (-70%, p<0.001). The following indicators increased: mean total retinal photosensitivity — by 381±4.3 dB (15%, p<0.001), mean threshold of retinal photosensitivity — by 2.6±0.1 dB (10%, p<0.001), ease of intraocular liquid outflow — by 0.08±0.013 (72%, p<0.001). Hypotensive drug therapy was canceled in 15 cases (41.7%).CONCLUSION. Laser surgery of pigmentary glaucoma consisting of YAG-laser iridectomy combined with multistep SLT is an effective and safe method. It can be performed if the elevated IOP is normalized to the individual norm by drug therapy.
Technical difficulties of adequate assessment of intraocular pressure in a patient with glaucoma in the long term after corneal refractive surgery (clinical case)
Authors: Kuleshova N. A. , Kolenko O. V. , Sorokin E. L. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE. To demonstrate a clinical case involving difficulties in adequate assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP) in a patient with glaucoma in the long term after LASIK.METHODS. The study describes the case of patient M. of 58 years old with complaints about decreased distance vision in the right eye during the last year. In 2004 the patient underwent LASIK for moderate myopia. In 2018, asymmetry in the parameters of optic nerve head (size of the optic cup to the optic disc ratio (C/D ratio) was revealed: in the right eye — up to 0.7, narrowing of the visual field from nasal to fixation point; in the left eye — 0.5, visual fields without abnormalities. The IOP measured using the Maklakov method in both eyes corresponded to the average statistical norm — 22 mm Hg. The following diagnosis was established: IIA primary open-angle glaucoma in the right eye, IA primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye. One-time instillations of latanoprost 0.005% eye drops solution was indicated for both eyes. In subsequent years the IOP was 18–20 mm Hg. After 4 years, the IOP according to the Maklakov method: OD — 18 mm Hg; OS — 21 mm Hg (on the hypotensive regimen — instillations of latanoprost 0.005% eye drops solution). In the right eye: C/D ratio 0.85–0.9 with absolute scotoma in the Bjerrum area 5–15° from fixation; in the left eye: C/D ratio 0.9 with neuro retinal rim loss from below, with absolute scotoma in the blind spot area. The stages of primary open-angle glaucoma were ascertained: IIIA in the right eye, IIA in the left eye.RESULTS. Selective laser trabeculoplasty was performed. Brimonidine 0.1% solution was added due to the lack of complete stabilization of the IOP level on a single instillation of latanoprost 0.005%, after that IOP decreased to 19 mm Hg in both eyes.CONCLUSION. It is necessary to carefully assess the condition of the structures of the optic nerve head in patients after LASIK, regardless of the statistically normal IOP values.
On the issue of criminal liability of legal entities recognized as extremist organizations
Authors: Бычков В.В. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматривается возможность введения в Российской Федерации уголовной ответственности для юридических лиц, совершающих деяния экстремистской направленности и признанных в соответствии с законодательством экстремистскими организациями. Проанализированы результаты научных исследований по данному вопросу. Охарактеризованы особенности уголовной ответственности юридических лиц в европейских государствах: Австрии, Бельгии, Испании, Франции, Чехии, Албании, Люксембурге, Лихтенштейне, Швейцарии, Боснии и Герцеговине. Раскрыты основные положения законопроекта, дополняющие Уголовный кодекс РФ нормами, которые предусматривают ответственность юридических лиц, в частности, за экстремистскую деятельность. Сформулированы предложения по уголовному наказанию юридических лиц, совершающих преступления экстремистской направленности.
The article deals with the possibility of introducing criminal liability in the Russian Federation for legal entities committing acts of an extremist nature and recognized as extremist organizations in accordance with the legislation. The results of scientific research on this issue are analyzed. The features of criminal liability of legal entities in European states are characterized: Austria, Belgium, Spain, France, Czech Republic, Albania, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main provisions of the bill supplementing the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with norms providing for the responsibility of legal entities, in particular, for extremist activities, are disclosed. The author formulates proposals for the criminal punishment of legal entities committing crimes of extremist orientation.
The Open-Ended Working Group on Reducing Space Threats Through Norms, Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviours: The Journey so Far, and the Road Ahead
Authors: Azcárate Ortega Almudena , Lagos Koller Hellmut 
Published: March 2023

Aware of the critical importance of outer space for humankind, the international community has ascertained the need for a secure and peaceful domain, and has proposed multiple mechanisms to achieve this goal, with varying degrees of success. The United Nations open-ended working group (OEWG) on reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours, convened under General Assembly resolution 76/231 is the latest effort to agree on space security mechanisms. With an open and inclusive approach to address the issue of space threats to space systems that brings together perspectives heretofore considered incompatible, this process presents a new chance for the international community to build the common understanding necessary to achieve space security. This article provides insight into the OEWG: how it came to be, its journey so far, and the road ahead.
OEWG, space threats, space security, United Nations
Space Sustainability Rating in Support of the Development and Adoption of Regulatory Guidelines Related to Long-Term Sustainability
Authors: Rathnasabapathy Minoo , David Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2023

In recent decades there has been an exponential increase of activities in space, such that concerns regarding the long-term sustainability (LTS) of the space environment have called to action the need for sustainable and mitigating efforts to ensure that the benefits of space continue to be accessible and beneficial to all. In June 2019, the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) adopted twenty-one LTS guidelines. While the guidelines are not legally binding under international law, they reflect the latest global consensus on what responsible and sustainable space activities look like in practice. In parallel, private space actors have led the charge in the development of best practices. Based on sustainability ratings successfully used in other industries, the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) was first conceptualized in 2016 within the World Economic Forum’s (WEF’s) Global Future Council on Space Technologies as a tool to assess and quantify sustainable design and operational decisions taken by operators. This article provides an overview of the design and development methodology of the SSR, and details how regulatory norms of behaviour and best practices have been incorporated into the SSR, allowing actors the opportunity to demonstrate their adherence to sustainability guidelines.
COPUOS, space sustainability, space sustainability rating, space debris
Safety Zones for Sustainability on the Moon: The Example of the Breaking Ground Trust
Authors: Vertadier Héloïse , Kate Schingler Jessy 
Published: March 2023

Although safety zones are not a new concept in international law, their introduction in the context of outer space is fairly recent. First presented as a concept for space activities by the Hague Working Group in 2016, lunar safety zones were formally introduced to the international community through section 11 of the Artemis Accords in 2020. Their compliance to existing international space law and the implications of such zones on the Moon have been heavily debated. Part of this uncertainty lies in the imprecise definition and the lack of clarity regarding their implementation. This article surveys legal precedents for safety zones in other domains, and explores the challenges of those precedents, and open questions surrounding implementation on the Moon. The authors offer a novel legal basis for safety zones with a basis in natural resource management, and discuss the application and implementation of this approach to safety zones focused in particular on instrumenting accountability for sustainable lunar activities. Finally, the Breaking Ground Lunar Resources Trust is presented as a real world case study.
Artemis Accords, the Moon, safety zones, sustainability, perpetual purpose trust
Article: Green Shipping and Trade: Allocating Costs of the IMO Sulphur Regulation 2020
Authors: Singh Abhay , Shanthakumar Sanjeevi 
Published: March 2023

In January 2020 the Internatoinal Maritime Organisation (IMO) imposed, down from 3.5% m/m, a new limit of 0.50% m/m Sulphur limit from exhaust gases originating from commercial vessels. This new standard forced the maritime industry to switch to compliant fuels (such as Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil (VLSFO) and ultra-low sulphur fuel oil (ULSFO) blends) or use an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS). Although there may be a consensus that this is a good thing, achievement of benefits has created contractual challenges for the industry. Responsibilities are divided between shipowner and charterer through forming a voyage charter, a time charter, or a bareboat charter (BBC). Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) and Intertanko provide standard contracts allocating the responsibilities of compliance with IMO Sulphur regulations between shipowner and charterer under the time charter. The compliance obligations under the voyage charterparty and BBC are still unaddressed. Here, we address them and offer an allocation of the responsibility.
Charterparty, VLSFO, EGCS, contract, obligation, fixtures, Sulphur
Article: A Study of Vietnam’s Double Tax Treaties: Patterns of Treaty Growth and Shifting Treaty Policy
Authors: Pham Loan 
Published: March 2023

This article reviews the growth of Vietnam’s tax treaties and shifts in its treaty policies over the thirty-year period since the country created opportunities to attract foreign investment. It follows the incorporation of the Model Tax Treaties of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the United Nations (UN) into its bilateral treaties and considers the limited apparent connection between treaties and foreign direct investment (FDI). A particularly interesting finding is the extent to which Vietnam’s treaties from the outset favoured the use of the UN Model provisions with respect to the definition of permanent establishments (PEs) and capital gains on the disposal of immovable property, particularly in its treaties with OECD members. This is ironic as measures from the OECD Model precedents are more likely to be found in treaties with non-OECD members. Nevertheless, it is clear that the treaties overall favour the allocation of taxing rights to Vietnam as a capital importing jurisdiction. These findings, when considered along with the country’s success at attracting FDI, suggest that developing economies can retain taxing rights and attract foreign investment at the same time.
OECD Model treaty, UN Model treaty, tax treaties and foreign direct investment, transitional economy, evolving treaty policy
Consistente straftoemeting
Authors: Verrest P.A.M. (Pieter) , Trotman T.B. (Tamara) 
Published: March 2023

Consistente straftoemeting
De LOVS-Adviesgroep Hoven heeft het initiatief genomen om een serie discussiebijeenkomsten bij de sectoren strafrecht van de gerechtshoven te organiseren. De auteurs van dit artikel verzorgden samen een eerste bijeenkomst bij het Hof Den Haag, waarna Pieter Verrest de reeks voortzette op de vier zittingslocaties van de andere hoven. Doel van de bijeenkomsten was om aan de hand van een aantal stellingen over consistente straftoemeting reflectie te bewerkstelligen in de rechtspraak. In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van hetgeen in de discussie over consistentie in straftoemeting tijdens de bijeenkomsten naar voren kwam. Daarbij wordt de opzet gevolgd van de discussiebijeenkomsten, waarin aan de hand van stellingen over consistente straftoemeting is gesproken. Vervolgens komen we tot een analyse. We besluiten onze bijdrage daarom met enkele gedachten over verandering.
Rehabilitatiebewijs en de rol van risico- en beschermende factoren in VOG-uitspraken
Authors: van den Berg Chantal , van ’t Zand Elina 
Published: March 2023

Evidence of rehabilitation and the role of risk and protective factors in criminal record screening cases
To limit the collateral consequences of a criminal record, there is increasing attention for ‘evidence of rehabilitation’, which can counterbalance risk factors stemming from a criminal history, for example when assessing requests for a Certificate of Conduct (‘VOG’ in Dutch). Since screening procedures are often regarded as complex, opaque, ambiguous and inconsistent – also by professionals within the criminal justice system – the authors present a first quantitative analysis of the factors that contribute to the chance of successfully winning a Certificate of Conduct in appeal. Our analysis of all published case law since 2004 (N=383) shows that administrative judges in Certificate of Conduct cases mainly refer to risk factors based on the criminal history: the number and seriousness of the offences and the times lapsed. Protective factors and evidence of rehabilitation play only a marginal role. Moreover, in a significant proportion of cases it remains unclear how relevant factors, such as the applicant’s interest, are weighed, if they are referred to at all. This necessitates not only reconsideration of rehabilitation policy, but also more foreseeability, certainty and transparency in criminal record screening decisions.
Jóvenes, gadgets y redes sociales
Authors: Casco López Javier , Aguirre Gamboa Patricia del Carmen 
Published: March 2023

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cobijada en el paradigma funcionalista, sobre el constructo generado entre jóvenes, sobre los usos y gratificaciones de las redes sociales a través de dispositivos móviles, como un sello característico de las generaciones hiperconectadas. Los actores sociales son jóvenes universitarios de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad Veracruzana. La metodología utilizada es la cualitativa a través de la Entrevista Focalizada, bajo el enfoque de la Teoría de Usos y Gratificaciones, que entre otras cosas señala que: el público se muestra como un usuario activo del contenido de los medios más que como un usuario pasivo influido por los mismos.
PLH
Authors: Martínez Cordero Claudia 
Published: March 2023

El exceso de energía ingerida está claramente implicada en la epidemia de la obesidad, pero es incierto qué papel juega cada nutrimento. Aunque los hidratos de carbono y la grasa son la mayor fuente del exceso de energía, existe una hipótesis que plantea que la proteína es un determinante clave en el consumo de hidratos de carbono y grasas, y por lo tanto del total de energía consumida. La hipótesis “Protein Leverage” (PLH) sugiere que la proteína juega un papel clave en el desarrollo de la obesidad, a través de la interacción con las grasas y los hidratos de carbono, aunque esta relación aún no está completamente comprendida. PLH predice que los humanos priorizan proteína cuando regulan el consumo de alimentos. Al hacer eso, los humanos consecuentemente consumirán más grasas e hidratos de carbono cuando consumen dietas bajas en proteína y, por otro lado, consumirán menos hidratos de carbono y grasas en dietas altas en proteína.
The Status and Roles of Women in Terms of Gender in Ancient Turkish History and Culture Based on the Dīwān Lughāt Al-Turk – The First Turkish Dictionary
Authors:   Department of Journalism, Faculty of Communication, Sakarya University, Turkey, Çötok Nesrin Akıncı , Büyüközkara Ender ,   Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sakarya University, Turkey, Çötok Tufan ,   Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Sakarya University, Turkey
Published: March 2023

In this paper, based on the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk – the first Turkish dictionary – the female gender is analysed through the categories of ‘women and their social status’, ‘perception of women from the perspective of gender’, ‘woman-man relationships and family structure’, ‘responsibilities of women’, and ‘clothes and belongings of women’. These categories are determined in the context of the data provided by the definitions of the words related to women in the dictionary. It can be seen from the dictionary that women are classified in terms of social status and that they are part of a hierarchical structure. On the other hand, a woman is perceived as the representative of beauty and aesthetics by being described in terms of physical and inner beauty. In addition, a woman is also described as being coquettish, flirtatious, and crafty. In the dictionary, where it seems that a woman is respected as a wife and mother, it was discovered that marriage and family were highly esteemed, that many cultural rituals were practised in the processes of becoming a bride, that having and raising children was considered important, and that there were relations between spouses based on mutual rights and responsibilities. When the dictionary is analysed in terms of women’s clothing and belongings, it can be seen that a great number of things and ways of adornment are mentioned and that being beautiful is highly esteemed.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: March 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered, covering topics such as Fellowship, Meetings, Excavations and publications. The Treasurer then presented the report on the Society’s accounts. The Council for the following session was then elected and a list of Fellows who died or resigned during 1977-1978 was read.At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered, covering topics such as Fellowship, Meetings, Excavations and publications. The Treasurer then presented the report on the Society’s accounts. The Council for the following session was then elected and a list of Fellows who died or resigned during 1977-1978 was read.
Notes for the guidance of contributors are appended.
Excavations at Ardnave, Islay
Authors: Ritchie Graham , Welfare Humphrey , Barber J W , Brown M M , Cowie T G , Dickson C A , Evans J G , Halliday S P , Harman M , Henshall A S , Wickham-Jones C R 
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the excavation of a series of structures discovered in the sand-dunes at Ardnave, Islay, between 1977 and 1980. The earliest structure was a house, probably of several periods, associated with food-vessel pottery. Subsequently the house was covered by blown sand, but later occupation was attested by midden material, also with food vessels, overlying the earlier building. There were also two hearths of late Iron Age date, one of which was overlain by traces of spade cultivation. The excavation offers useful structural, cultural and economic information about Islay in the second millennium BC and in the early first millennium AD.
Pollen analysis of a radiocarbon-dated core from North Mains, Strathallan, Perthshire
Authors: Hulme Peter D , Shirriffs Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Cores for pollen and macrofossil analysis and radiocarbon dating were collected from a 6m deep deposit near the North Mains excavation area. Results are presented for the upper 3-4m which was mostly deposited between late Palaeolithic and late Neolithic times. During the Mesolithic the local landscape was covered by woodland containing a variety of deciduous trees and large shrubs (birch, oak, elm and hazel); no indication of disturbance was found in the pollen profile. The first indication of human activity is the presence of charcoal around the 100 cm depth above which cereal type pollen and a number of weed pollen types signal the arrival of Neolithic people. A radiocarbon date indicates that this happened around 5600 bp and the pollen diagram shows that it preceded the elm decline. This is one of only a few sites in Britain where pre-elm decline cereal type pollen has been recorded. At a depth of 35 cm there is a gap in the pollen pro file representing a period of at least 3000 years, starting at around 4000 bp. It is therefore probable that the core covers the period of ring ditch and henge construction but not the period of barrow construction.
Intestinal complications of radiotherapy in gynecologic malignancy — clinical presentation and management
Authors: Kao M.‐S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRadiation therapy is an effective treatment modality for various gynecologic malignancies. In spite of advances in radiotherapy equipment and techniques over the years, the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts have remained a considerable problem with radiotherapy of the pelvis and abdomen. Clinical presentation of intestinal complications, current concepts of pathophysiology and principles of medical and surgical management are reviewed.