bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Behzad Hossein , Asham Hila , Beheshtirouy Samineh , Mashayekhi Sina , Entezari-Maleki Taher 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The effects of Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) have been investigated by preclinical and clinical studies, however there is still lack of a net impact. Therefore, a systematic review is required to evaluate the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors on myocardial IRI reduction.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception until August 7th, 2023. ClinicalTrials.gov was also explored for ongoing studies. Two authors independently conducted the literature search, examined the studies, and evaluated the eligibility criteria. Any disagreements or uncertainties were resolved by the corresponding author. The search strategy followed the PICO process (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) and Emtree was used to select relevant keywords.
Results
Of 220 articles identified from the literature research, five articles were included in the study, of which three studies lately were retracted. The remaining studies included 1229 participants, with 209 receiving SGLT-2 inhibitors and 1090 not receiving them. All of the participants were diabetic patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The results demonstrated that the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors is associated with lower troponin levels, higher rates of ST resolution in admission. The results of the studies also showed smaller infarct sizes, lower inflammatory biomarkers and improved left ventricular function at discharge among SGLT-2 inhibitor users.
Conclusion
The reviewed articles provided benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors in IRI through reducing infarct size and inflammatory biomarkers. Our conclusion is further supported by available in vivo and ex vivo findings.
Application of Clostridium thiosulphatireducens, Enterobacter aerogenes and their co-culture inoculum for Biohydrogen Production
Authors: Kedar Pradnya Gautam , Nair Aparna , Konale Ram , Ingle Sopan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Biohydrogen has drawn the attention of researchers all over the world due to its advantages over conventional fuels. However, it is necessary to make the process of biohydrogen production economically and environmentally sustainable. In this study, biohydrogen production from soybean straw in anaerobic batch reactor (sera bottles) using H2 producing bacteria (Clostridium thiosulphatireducens and Enterobacter aerogenes) was investigated. Candidate strains were identified and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. These bacteria were tested for their biohydrogen production singly as well as in combination. C. thiosulphatireducens, E. aerogenes and their co-culture inoculums were named as strain I, strain II and co-culture inoculum respectively. The fermentation process was carried out at 37°C at pH 6. Physico-chemical characteristics of substrate, cellulase enzyme activity, and 16S rDNA gene sequences were investigated. Maximum cellulase production was observed in co-culture inoculum which was 4.004 IU/ml. Maximum biohydrogen yield obtained was 1.39 mol of H2/g TS. By products formed during fermentation were acetic, butyric and propionic acid and formic acid. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) R2 value 0.843 indicates that 84.3% of variation in production of mol of H2 is explained by its relationship with microbial culture.
Ukrainian families’ transnational living and perception of Germany’s health care system in times of war
Authors: Ziegelasch Niels , Hoffmann Anastasia , Pokas Daryna , Kiess Wieland , Gotra Olga , Alvarez Bruna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose During the Ukrainian war beginning in 2022, about 3.7 million children became refugees. When referring to pediatric wards in Germany, significant levels of frustration in their parents’ communication with health staff are noticed. This study aimed to analyze expectations and perceptions of the vulnerable Ukrainian families with underlying problem areas in their health care provision. Methods Embedded in a qualitative, participatory approach, eight narrative interviews and one focus group were performed in the Children’s and Adolescents’ University Hospital of Leipzig. The interviews were thematically analyzed by applying the perspective of qualitative research used in medical anthropology. Results We identified Ukrainian medical culture with a rather authoritarian communication and stricter medical treatment of infectious diseases influencing parents’ expectations. Prompt and quick appointments in Ukraine due to an income based on the number of patients treated oppose barriers and long waiting times when accessing pediatric care in Germany. Families return to Ukraine for medical appointments. Conclusions Discrepancies concerning the self-treatment of infections and unintended discrimination emphasize the necessity for health staff’s intercultural training. The high-quality care of chronically ill children in Germany is a relevant pull factor. However, the treatment of future refugee populations may benefit from a de-economization and digitalization.
Investigating Demand Models With More Flexible Elasticity Functions: Empirical Insights From Rail Demand Analysis
Authors: Wardman Mark 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Models of rail travel demand take one of three generic functional forms: the generalised cost (GC) function where price and the various time variables are combined into a composite term through the use of appropriate values of time; the generalised journey time and fare (GJT-Fare) approach, where the time-related variables are combined into a single term and fare remains separate; and the specification of separate elasticities for all terms, termed the separate components (SC) approach. This research extends that reported by Wardman and Toner (2020) in exploring more flexible functional forms where appropriate parameterisation of the standard GC, GJT and SC models allows them to have more general elasticity properties. Whilst the aforementioned study discounted the standard GC approach on the grounds of inferior fit and undesirable elasticity properties, the analysis reported here, based on large datasets, finds best-fitting more flexible models to have elasticity properties that resemble those of the GC approach. Indeed, the preferred functions can deliver elasticities that are somewhat different from those of the GJT-Fare approach that has long provided the basis of official rail demand forecasts in Great Britain. In addition, the study adds to the existing evidence base by providing credible and precise elasticities for GJT and fare, and importantly for the rarely estimated GC and SC elasticities, reaffirms the need of GC models to directly estimate demand consistent values of time, and indicates that the weights currently attached to headway and interchange in formulating GJT are in need of significant amendment.
Evaluation is Key: A Survey on Evaluation Measures for Synthetic Time Series
Authors: Stenger Michael , Leppich Robert , Foster Ian , Kounev Samuel , Bauer André 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Synthetic data generation describes the process of learning the underlying distribution of a given real dataset in a model, which is, in turn, sampled to produce new data objects still adhering to the original distribution. This approach often finds application where circumstances limit the availability or usability of real-world datasets, for instance, in health care due to privacy concerns. While image synthesis has received much attention in the past, time series are arguably even more relevant for many practical (e.g., industrial) applications. By now, numerous different generative models and measures to evaluate time series syntheses have been proposed. However, when it comes to what characterizes high-quality synthetic time series and how to quantify quality, no consensus has yet been reached among researchers. Hence, we propose this comprehensive survey on evaluation measures for time series generation to assist users in evaluating synthetic time series. We provide brief descriptions or - where applicable - precise definitions and also a multidimensional analysis of their properties, applicability, and usage. In order to facilitate the selection of the most suitable measures, we provide a quick guide combined with many tables and figures. Notably, during our study, we found that there is currently no generally accepted approach for an evaluation procedure, including what measures to use. We believe this situation hinders progress and may even erode evaluation standards to a ``do as you like''-approach to synthetic data evaluation. Therefore, this survey is a preliminary step to advance the field of synthetic data evaluation.
Retinal Vessel Density and Visual Field Changes and Their Correlation Following the Deep Sclerotomy in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Taheri Nazli , Mostafaie Ali , Niyousha Mohamad Reza , Motlagh Behzad Fallahi , Ghorbanpour Amir Ali , Arasteh Amin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To explore any role of the Mitomycin-augmented Non-penetrating Deep Sclerotomy (NPDS) procedure on the retinal microvasculature and visual field and their correlation in POAG eyes.
Methods
22 POAG eyes of 22 patients without previous surgical interventions for glaucoma, whose disease was progressing and/or the intraocular pressure was not at the target level with full topical medication, were allocated to this prospective interventional study. All the patients underwent the non-penetrating deep sclerotomy procedure and followed up for a month. The IOP, Humphery Visual Field (HVF) 30 − 2, RNFL, and the vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head and macula (by OCTA) were evaluated one day before the surgery and one month after the NPDS procedure.
Results
At the one-month post-op follow-up, the IOP was significantly decreased compared to the pre-op visit (8mmHg vs. 23.5mmHg, p: <0.001). The visual field MD significantly improved one month after the NPDS procedure (-13.06dB vs. -15.44dB, p:0.038), although the PSD did not indicate any significant change. Neither the peripapillary nor the macular VD significantly changed during the study. However, the MD was significantly and positively correlated to the whole image, peripapillary, perifoveal, and parafoveal VD.
Conclusion
The deep sclerotomy procedure is a compelling choice of POAG treatment, which could significantly decrease the IOP and improve the visual field. However, this procedure may not alter the retinal microvasculature in a short period. Nevertheless, the positive correlation between retinal VD and the visual field MD proposes a possible vascular mechanism for the visual field defect in glaucomatous eyes.
Urban flood numerical modeling and hydraulic performance of a drainage network: A case study in Algiers, Algeria
Authors: Lameche El khansa , Boutaghane Hamouda , Saber Mohamed , Abdrabo Karim I. , Bermad A. Malek , Djeddou Messsoud , Boulmaiz Tayeb , Kantoush Sameh A. , Sumi Tetsuya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urban sewer system management is challenging due to its higher vulnerability to flooding caused by rapid urbanization and climate change. For local decision-makers, storm water management is essential for urban planning and development. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a numerical model for the sewerage network of the central catchment area of Algiers since it has experienced frequent overflows during the winter season. For this purpose, to model the sewerage networks, the model was built by coupling ArcGIS with MIKE URBAN. Its calibration and validation were performed using real-time measurements with a time step of 15 min. The model was evaluated by several statistical indicators, such as the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS). The model results showed acceptable model performance, with an NSE superior to 0.50, R2 of approximately 0.63, RMSE of 7%, and PBIAS of 10% during the validation of the model. The performance parameters prove the reliability of the developed model. The employed model can be applied in other regions and could be helpful for policymakers and managers to improve flood mitigation measures based on the model prediction of the sewerage network.
Identifying Luteolin as a Potential Drug for Treating Lung Adenocarcinoma
with COVID-19 Affection based on Integration Analysis of
Pharmacology and Transcriptome
Authors: Peng Ping , Li Na , Zhang Ni , Fu Xiangning , Peng Shu , Zhao Yujie , Ai Bo 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major type of lung cancer
worldwide, and under the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), its cancer
burden is enlarged. This study aimed to explore potential drug targets and potential drugs
for developing effective treatments for patients with both lung cancer and COVID-19.

Methods:
The interaction network of molecule compounds-target genes was constructed
based on Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) and gene expression data from public
databases. The potential effectiveness of drugs was analyzed by molecular docking and
molecular dynamics simulation. Western blot, transfection assay, Immunohistochemistry
(IHC) staining, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the function of
HSP90AA1 in LUAD cells.

Result:
Eight target genes (GSK3B, HMOX1, HSP90AA1, ICAM1, MAPK1, PLAU,
RELA and TNFSF15.) were identified, and two of them (HSP90AA1 and RELA) were
significantly associated with LUAD prognosis. Luteolin was discovered to bind with
HSP90AA1. Moreover, in vitro cell experiments demonstrated that HSP90AA1 had higher
expression in A549 cells, promoted cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in A549
cells and H1299 cells.

Conclusion:
HSP90AA1 was a target gene for further designing effective drugs for LUAD
patients. Luteolin was a potential drug for treating patients with both LUAD and
COVID-19.
Preparation, Characterization, and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Novel
Coenzyme Q10 Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Authors: Atapour-Mashhad Hoda , Nejabat Mojgan , Hadizadeh Farzin , Hoseinsalari Afsaneh , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Research proved that coenzyme Q10-loaded NLC effectively removes skin wrinkles,
therefore, such a formulation with good characteristics is still the research goal.

Objective:
This study investigated the effect of solid lipids and surfactant type on the physical characteristics of
Q10-NLC. We aimed to achieve the optimum formulation for producing NLC with long-term stability and high
Entrapment efficiency (E.E.) %. We compared the experimental results with the output of the Molecular
dynamic (M.D.) simulations.

Methods:
To develop Q10-NLC, various solid lipids, MCT oil, and surfactants were employed. The formulations
were prepared by high-shear homogenization and ultrasound methods. Stability studies were carried out
1,3, and 6 months at 4, 25, and 40°C. The optimized NLC formulations were characterized by photon correlation
spectroscopy (PCS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),
and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). E.E. % was determined by HPLC analysis. Atomistic M.D. simulations
of two model systems were performed to gain insights into the self-assembled process of co-Q10 with other
formulation components.

Results:
Statistical analysis (Two-way ANOVA) revealed that solid lipid and surfactant factors had a significant
influence on particle size, PDI, and zeta potential (***p < 0.0001). According to the results, F1 and F6
formulations had desirable surface characterizations, physicochemical stability, and high E.E.%. The atomistic
M.D. simulations confirmed that the F1 system (best) was more stable than the F31 system (worst).

Conclusion:
The solid lipids: tripalmitin and compritol, stabilized with 4% tween 80 and 1% span 80, have
produced stable NLC with the best surface characteristics that could be a promising formulation for the delivery
of Q10. Atomistic M.D. simulation has confirmed the stability of F1 in comparison to F31.
A Visible-Light-Induced Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Li Siqi , Dong Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Visible light-catalyzed organic chemical transformations with the benefits of green and sustainable,
streamlined steps, and mild conditions have drawn increasing interest and attention due to the abundance of visible
light, green and non-toxic, and low-cost. These reactions undoubtedly offer new ways, new methods, and new
technologies for organic synthetic chemistry, which has developed quickly in the field of organic synthesis in recent
years. Cyclization reactions stand out as a significant tool since they allow for the creation of many bonds,
even stereocenters, in a single step while maintaining predictable stereochemistry. In this review, we summarize the
development of visible-light-induced cyclization reactions.
Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis of Nitrogen and Oxygen Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Wahan Simranpreet K. , Bhargava Gaurav , Chawla Pooja A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:Ultrasound is well explored in the preparation of several heterocycles as it is an eco-friendly, safer and cheaper technique compared to the previous conventional synthetic approach. Ultrasonication offers a great deal of interest for chemists as it not only lowers the reaction time but also markedly reduces the use of hazardous chemicals and enhances the purity of synthesized compounds. Since the application of ultrasound waves acts as a nonpolluting energy source, therefore, it is an area of great importance in the field of green and sustainable chemistry. Also, nitrogen and oxygen-based pharmaceuticals have been found to be a beneficial tool for modifying solubility, lipophilicity, polarity and other important pharmacokinetic parameters which aid in optimizing ADMET characteristics of drug candidates. Further, nitrogen and oxygen-containing compounds have been reported to exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, antihyperglycemic action etc. Therefore, the review focues to coveron covering the latest applications of ultrasonication in the preparation of oxygen and nitrogen nitrogencontaining heterocycles holding immense importance in therapeutically active molecules, which will aid new researchers in their ongoingnd future research.
Long Non-coding RNAs Influence Aging Process of Sciatic Nerves in SD Rats
Authors: Kuang Rui , Zhang Yi , Wu Guanggeng , Zhu Zhaowei , Xu Shuqia , Liu Xiangxia , Xu Yangbin , Luo Yunxiang 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
To investigate the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) changes in the sciatic
nerve (SN) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats during aging.

Methods:
Eighteen healthy SD rats were selected at the age of 1 month (1M) and 24 months (24M)
and SNs were collected. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis
were performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and competing endogenous RNA
(ceRNA) networks were established according to differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Result:
As the length of lncRNAs increased, its proportion to the total number of lncRNAs decreased.
A total of 4079 DElncRNAs were identified in Con vs. 24M. GO analysis was primarily
clustered in nerve and lipid metabolism, extracellular matrix, and vascularization-related fields.
There were 17 nodes in the PPI network of the target genes of up-regulating genes including Itgb2,
Lox, Col11a1, Wnt5a, Kras, etc. Using quantitative RT-PCR, microarray sequencing accuracy was
validated. There were 169 nodes constructing the PPI network of down-regulated target genes,
mainly including Col1a1, Hmgcs1, Hmgcr. CeRNA interaction networks were constructed.

Conclusion:
Lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and ECM fields might play an important role in the
senescence process in SNs. Col3a1, Serpinh1, Hmgcr, and Fdps could be candidates for nerve
aging research.
Purification, Characterization and Evaluation of the Anticoagulant Effect
of an Uncompetitive Trypsin Inhibitor obtained from Bauhinia pulchella
(Benth) Seeds
Authors: Roma Renato R. , Dias Lucas P. , Santos Ana L.E. , Silva Romério R.S. , Santos Maria H.C. , Rocha Bruno A.M. , Carneiro Rômulo F. , Nagano Celso S. , Sampaio Alexandre H. , Oliva Maria L.V , Silva Cláudio G.L. , Souza Racquel O.S. , Teixeira Claudener S. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Trypsin inhibitors (TIs) have the ability to competitively or non-competitively
bind to trypsin and inhibit its action. These inhibitors are commonly found in plants and are
used in protease inhibition studies involved in biochemical pathways of pharmacological interest.

Objective:
This work aimed to purify a trypsin inhibitor from Bauhinia pulchella seeds (BpuTI), describing
its kinetic mechanism and anticoagulant effect.

Methods:
Affinity chromatography, protein assay, and SDS-PAGE were used to purify the inhibitor.
Mass spectrometry, inhibition assays, and enzyme kinetics were used to characterize the inhibitor.
In vitro assays were performed to verify its ability to prolong blood clotting time.

Results:
Affinity chromatography on a Trypsin-Sepharose 4B column gave a yield of 43.1. BpuTI
has an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa with glycosylation (1.15%). Protein identification was
determined by MS/MS, and BpuTI showed similarity to several Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors.
BpuTI inhibited bovine trypsin as an uncompetitive inhibitor with IC50 (3 x 10-6 M) and Ki (1.05 x
10-6 M). Additionally, BpuTI showed high stability to temperature and pH variations, maintaining
its activity up to 100 ºC and in extreme pH ranges. However, the inhibitor was susceptible to reducing
agents, such as DTT, which completely abolished its activity. BpuTI showed an anticoagulant
effect in vitro at a concentration of 33 μM, prolonging clotting time by 2.6 times.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that BpuTI can be a biological tool to be used in blood clotting
studies.
Pharmacological Potential of Bioactive Peptides for the Treatment of Diseases Associated with Alzheimer's and Brain Disorders
Authors: Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:Bioactive peptides are a promising class of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases associated with Alzheimer's and brain disorders. These peptides are derived from naturally occurring proteins and have been shown to possess a variety of beneficial properties. They may modulate neurotransmitter systems, reduce inflammation, and improve cognitive performance. In addition, bioactive peptides have the potential to target specific molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's and brain disorders. For example, peptides have been shown to interact with amyloid-beta, a major component of amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease, and have been shown to reduce its accumulation in the brain. Furthermore, peptides have been found to modulate the activity of glutamate receptors, which are important for memory and learning, as well as to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of toxic amyloid-beta aggregates. Finally, bioactive peptides have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, two major components of many neurological disorders. These peptides could be used alone or in combination with traditional pharmacological treatments to improve the management of diseases associated with Alzheimer's and brain disorders.