bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Engineering Explained: Basic Concepts for Novices
Authors: Shallcross David 
Published: February 2023

Written for those less comfortable with science and mathematics, this text introduces the major chemical engineering topics for non-chemical engineers. With a focus on the practical rather than the theoretical, the reader will obtain a foundation in chemical engineering that can be applied directly to the workplace. By the end of this book, the user will be aware of the major considerations required to safely and efficiently design and operate a chemical processing facility.
Simplified accounts of traditional chemical engineering topics are covered in the first two-thirds of the book, and include: materials and energy balances, heat and mass transport, fluid mechanics, reaction engineering, separation processes, process control and process equipment design. The latter part details modern topics, such as biochemical engineering and sustainable development, plus practical topics of safety and process economics, providing the reader with a complete guide.
Case studies are included throughout, building a real-world connection. These case studies form a common thread throughout the book, motivating the reader and offering enhanced understanding. Further reading directs those wishing for a deeper appreciation of certain topics.
This book is ideal for professionals working with chemical engineers, and decision makers in chemical engineering industries. It will also be suitable for chemical engineering courses where a simplified introductory text is desired.
The Chemistry of Polymers
Authors: Nicholson John W 
Published: February 2023

The Chemistry of Polymers, 5th Edition, is fully updated with the latest developments in polymer science providing a highly readable textbook for those requiring a broad overview of the subject.
Like previous editions, the book continues to explore the subject from an applications point of view, providing a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of polymer science including synthesis, structure, properties, degradation and dendrimers. Recent advances in special topics in polymer chemistry and polymers and the environment are also discussed in an informative and up-to-date manner.
The new edition features additional content on recent developments in new polymer synthesis techniques including reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The book also contains new content on the latest developments in polymer characterisation methods as well as applications of polymers including co-ordination polymers and lithium-polymer batteries.
The book is essential reading for university students, teachers and scientists who wish to acquire an up-to-the-minute overview of polymer science and its many specialised topics in an informative and easy to read style.
The Chemistry of Plants and Insects: Plants, Bugs, and Molecules
Authors: Séquin Margareta 
Published: February 2023

Have you ever wondered how plants attract certain insects, or how insects communicate with each other? This book explains the natural chemical compounds that determine the fascinating interactions between plants and insects providing a gentle and absorbing introduction to organic chemistry that is highly relevant to everyday life and to the natural world.
Specific organic compounds and intriguing chemistry determine whether insects are keen on feeding on plants or avoid certain plants altogether. Some insects have learned to use plant compounds as their own defences, and some plants use digestive processes to use insects as nutritional supplements. Plant-insect interactions are vital for our food supply, for pollination of orchards or detrimentally in insect infestations of crops, as well as in applications like silk production.
By the author of the popular book, The Chemistry of Plants: Perfumes, Pigments, and Poisons, this book benefits from Margareta Séquin’s vast experience leading field trips and seminars to botanical gardens and nature reserves, and teaching chemistry to beginners.
Organic chemistry is often seen as a challenging, sometimes abstract field. This book makes chemistry exciting and accessible for readers interested in a deeper understanding of the natural world. The book is organized according to the increasing complexity of compounds introduced, and so it also serves as a useful teaching aid for undergraduate chemistry or biology courses, and as a supplementary text for students in plant sciences, ecology, and entomology, and in horticultural programs.
Pharmaceutical Crystallography: A Guide to Structure and Analysis
Authors: Bond Andrew 
Published: February 2023

The pharmaceutical industry has become acutely aware of the importance of the solid state, but pharmaceutical scientists often lack specific training in topics related to solid-state structure and crystallography. This book provides needed support in this topical area.
Taking an intuitive and informal approach to solid-state structure and crystallographic concepts, this book is written for anyone who needs a clear understanding of modern crystallography, with specific reference to small-molecule pharmaceutical solids. The author describes molecular crystals and crystal structures, symmetry, space groups, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques and the analysis and interpretation of crystallographic data. Useful technical details are presented where necessary and case studies from the pharmaceutical literature put theory into a practical context.
Written by an internationally leading figure and with its focus on molecular crystals, this book is equally applicable to chemists with a need to understand and apply X-ray crystal-structure determination.
Complete Science Communication: A Guide to Connecting with Scientists, Journalists and the Public
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C 
Published: February 2023

Science communication is a rapidly expanding area, and a key component of many final year undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Authored by a highly regarded chemist and science communicator, this textbook pulls together all aspects of science communication. Complete Science Communication focusses on four major aspects of science communication: writing for non-technical audiences and science journalism; writing for technical audiences and peer-reviewed journal writing; public speaking of science; and public relations. It first showcases how writing in a journalistic style is done and provides a guide for colloquially communicating science. Then, the art of writing scientific papers is conjoined to this idea to make technical manuscripts more digestible, readable, and, hence, citable. These ideas are next taken into the spoken word so that the scientist can engage in telling their science like that natural human art of campfire stories. Finally, all of these communication concepts are wrapped together in a discussion of public relations, providing the scientist with an appreciation for the marketing directors and news disseminators with whom they will work. Written in an accessible way, this textbook will provide science students with an appreciative understanding of communication, marketing, journalism, and public relations. They can incorporate these aspects into their own practices as scientists, allowing them to liaise with practitioners in the communication field.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: How Do I Get the Best Results?
Authors: Turner Diane C , Schäfer Mathias , Lancaster Steven , Janmohamed Imran , Gachanja Anthony , Creasey Jason 
Published: February 2023

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful way to analyse a range of substances. It is used in everything from food safety to medicine. It has even been used to protect endangered vultures through analysis of poisonous pesticide molecules in their environment!
I want to apply this technique, where do I begin? Is GC-MS is the right technique to use? How do I prepare my samples and calibrate the instruments? This textbook has the answers to all these questions and more.
Throughout the book, case studies illustrate the practical process, the techniques used and any common challenges. Newcomers can easily search for answers to their question and find clear advice with coloured images on how to get started and all subsequent steps involved in using GC-MS as part of a research process. Readers will find information on collecting and preparing samples, designing and validating methods, analysing results, and troubleshooting. Examples of pollutant, food, oil and fragrance analysis bring the theory to life.
The authors use their extensive experience teaching GC-MS theory and practice and draw on their combined backgrounds applying the technique in academic and industry settings to bring this practical reference together. The authors also design and teach the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Pan Africa Chemistry Network GC-MS course, which is supported by GSK.
Retracted: Intelligent distribution system of university student dormitory based on data fusion optimisation algorithm
Authors: Zheng Tingting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRetraction: [Tingting Zheng, Intelligent distribution system of university student dormitory based on data fusion optimisation algorithm, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12100)].The above article from IET Software, published online on 1 February 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
High precision MI sensor with low energy consumption driven by low-frequency Wiegand pulse
Authors: Yao Ruixuan , Takemura Yasushi , Uchiyama Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2023

This study introduces a new method to drive high-precision magneto-impedance (MI) sensors with low power consumption using a Wiegand sensor to replace the oscillator circuits of the MI sensor. We studied the characteristics of an MI sensor driven by low-frequency pulses and concluded that pulses with a fast rise time and small excitation current are necessary to induce a significant MI effect. The Wiegand sensor induced 10 Hz low-frequency pulse voltages of approximately 12 V and a constant width of 20 μs when an alternating magnetic field of 5 mT/μ0 alternating magnetic field was applied. A fast rise-time-shaping circuit was designed to shape the Wiegand pulses with a fixed amplitude and rise time of less than 100 ns. The MI sensor exhibited a good output linearity of 0.04 mV/μ0T for detecting magnetic field in the range of ±150 μT when Wiegand pulses of amplitude 1 V were supplied. The power consumption of the MI sensor was reduced from milliwatts (mW) to microwatts (μW) and its usage time was extended by 300% compared to that of the previous design. This newly designed MI sensor is suitable for use in bio-magnetic field measurements, constant vehicle detection devices, and other applications.
Time-domain computing for Boolean logic using STT-MRAM
Authors: Zhou Rong , Cai Hao 
Published: February 2023

With the development of artificial intelligence, the separation of memory and processor in the traditional von-Neumann architecture has led to the bottleneck of data transmission hindering the development of energy efficient computing. The computing-in-memory (CIM) paradigm is expected to solve the problems of memory wall and power wall. In this work, we propose a time-domain (TD) computing scheme based on the spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM). Basic Boolean logic operations, such as AND/OR/Full-adder (FA), are implemented through converting the bit-line voltage to time delay and time-to-digital converter (TDC). The proposal is simulated using the 28 nm CMOS process and 40 nm MTJ compact model. Monte-Carlo simulations show that 94.2% to 100% computation accuracy can be obtained and the delay of AND/OR and FA is 2.5 ns and 3.5 ns. The energy consumption of AND/OR and FA achieve 59.43 fJ and 97.56 fJ, respectively.
Low magnetic damping constant in half-metallic Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Hojo Takayuki , Tezuka Nobuki , Nakano Takafumi , Tsunoda Masakiyo , Oogane Mikihiko 
Published: February 2023

Half-metallic Co2FeAl Heusler alloy thin films with various thickness were prepared by MBE method and its magnetic and crystalline properties were investigated. At the thickness of 20 nm and above, good magnetic properties and high B2-order parameter was obtained. In addition, magnetic damping constant was evaluated from peak-to-peak linewidth measured by FMR and ultra-low magnetic damping constant below 0.001 was obtained at the film thickness of 30 nm. These results are thanks to the excellent half-metallicity in the Co2FeAl films prepared by MBE.
Factors influencing the adaptability and habitat use of rescued Malayan sun bears (
Authors: Abidin Kamaruddin Z. , Mansor Mohammad Saiful , Husna Izzat , Nazri Nabilah , Farinordin Farah Ayuni , Izam Nur Amalina Mohd , Magintan David , Nor Shukor Md 
Published: February 2023

Context The lack of documentation and detailed assessment of previous sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) release programs raises concerns about bears’ capacity to adapt to their new habitats and key elements of release success. Aims We evaluated the influence of the sun bears’ individual profiles and environmental factors on their adaptability, and investigated their habitat use and movements in the wild. Methods We released 13 rescued sun bears (four wild-caught and nine rehabilitated) to natural habitats between December 2015 and August 2017, and inferred adaptability process by analysing their pre- and post-release data. Key results Post-release monitoring showed that sun bears required at least a month to acclimatise to their release area. No nuisance cases were reported, and bears were observed avoiding monitoring teams in a series of encounters. Principal-component analysis identified a previous history of ill health (e.g. malnutrition), low avoidance of humans prior to release and low potential of release sites as significant factors associated with poor adaptability of released bears. Rehabilitated bears also showed lower adaptability to hilly topography with an average elevation of more than 500 m. Individual profiles of adult physically fit wild-caught bears with high avoidance of humans prior to release were associated with high adaptability. Binary logistic regression indicated that habitat type was the main factor influencing bear movement. Bears had a high affinity for oil palm plantations adjacent to the forest edge. Most habitat use of released bears was close to the forest edge. Conclusions In terms of competition, predation, food availability, and adaptability, the selection of forest edges adjacent to other favourable habitats is perceived as a more opportunistic survival strategy, as long as the bears do not rely on humans to survive and endure with the natural interactions in the wild. Implications This study emphasises the importance of improving the likelihood of survival of rehabilitated bears, especially in the early release phase. Reducing human–bear interaction in rehabilitation centres by practising a buddy system and minimal human contact in captivity considerably enhances release effectiveness.
Effect of Fuel Injection Timing on Marine Diesel Engine Blended with Isoamyl Alcohol
Authors: Lin Hang , Huang Zhaoxia , Huang Jialiang , Li Pinfang , Wang Qiwei , Zhang Feifei , Fan Jinyu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In order to study the problem that the pressure in the cylinder decreases significantly after diesel is mixed with isopentanol, which leads to the reduction of power performance, the software of AVL-FIRE is used for simulation, and the angle of start injection is adjusted to improve cylinder pressure. It turns out that in terms of combustion, The maximum burst pressure is reduced after mixing isoamyl alcohol. By increasing fuel injection timing, maximum burst pressure can rise to 87.8%-94.5% of the original engine respectively. The indicated power can be increased to 91.92%-95.62% of the original. In terms of emissions, after mixing, with the increase of fuel injection timing, NO does not change significantly, Soot shows a downward trend.
Effect of Radial Clearance on the Secondary Motion and Tribological Performance of Stirling Engine Piston-Crosshead
Authors: Sun Sicong , Yang Xin , Li Hailiang , Jia Jiao , Han Chener , Zeng Jia , Xiao Ruixue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The cylinder radial clearance is a significant influencing factor for secondary motion and frictional power consumption of Stirling engine piston-crosshead structure. In this paper, a piston-crosshead dynamical model of the Stirling engine considering the surface tribological characteristics is established, and the correctness of the model is verified on the piston rod sealing test bench. The influence of the clearance on the dynamics and the tribology of the Stirling engine piston-crosshead is analysed based on this model, and it is shown that the crosshead knocking force and the frictional force reach equilibrium when the clearance is 0.06 mm.
Dynamic Analysis of Hydraulic Pipeline Based on Substructure Method
Authors: Jiang Hongxuan , Yang Qingjun , Liu Hu , Liu Yang , Cui Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The vibration problem of hydraulic system is related to the normal operation of vehicles. The research methods of hydraulic system mainly include finite element simulation and vibration test. The vibration test is not repeatable because of the great influence of the environment, and the computer simulation provides the possibility for the analysis of the complex hydraulic system. However, in the process of local refinement design of the system, the simulation calculation of the whole structure is still needed to modify the local parameters, and the simulation time is long. Based on the substructure method in structural analysis, the substructure method for fluid structure coupling is derived to reduce the time cost in the simulation process of hydraulic system. In this paper, pointing at the particular vibration region of the pipeline, the structure is divided into substructures. The dynamic characteristics of each substructure are obtained by dynamic analysis, and the overall characteristics of the system are obtained according to the boundary coordination.
Semi-physical Simulation Model for Leakage of Prediction Aviation Pipeline
Authors: Ye Xiangrui , Luo Bin , Deng Lichuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The high stability and tightness of modern aviation hydraulic pipelines require them to have a very low leakage rate under variable pressure environments. Once the leakage of the hydraulic pipeline is likely to cause an irreversible air disaster. Flaring straight pipe joint is one of the most widely used in aircraft hydraulic pipelines. The establishment of the simulation model is an effective method to accurately predict the annular gap leakage of the pipe joint. The ring gap of the pipe joint is located inside the threaded sleeve, which cannot be directly observed. The existing leakage prediction methods usually only focus on the microscopic interface contact and ignore the leakage prediction of real complex structures. Therefore, this article is based on ideas, semi-physical simulation through experimental data calibration tightening torque and annular gap width and the mathematical relationship between void ratio, and then established the flaring type straight pipe joint circular aperture leakage prediction simulation model, the ability to different tightening torque and hydraulic pressure conditions for predicting the pipe joint leakage rate, finally, the simulation experiments have been carried out to verify prediction model, The validity of this method is proved.
Study on Combustion and Emission Performance of Dual Injection Strategy for Ammonia/Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Engine
Authors: Wang Binbin , Yang Chuanlei , Wang Hechun , Hu Deng , Duan Baoyin , Wang Yinyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To realize zero carbon emission in internal combustion engines and boost the growth of ammonia fuel, we mixed a few hydrogens into ammonia fuel to boost the atomization and combustion performance in the combustion chamber. We study hydrogen and ammonia mixed and injected directly through two injectors, the intake temperature is 551k, to find the best injection advance angle combination to ensure the overall working performance of the ammonia Dual fuel engine. The investigation shows that when the main/auxiliary fuel injection timing is 704°CA, the knock value is less than 2, the combustion in the cylinder is gentle, and the negative work phenomenon of knock combustion is avoided. The engine power is the highest and the best economy. The emissions of soot, CO, HC, and CH2O are at a very low level, the CO2 content before and after combustion increases to zero, and the NOx emission is slightly higher than the original engine. We will improve engine NOx emission through SCR Technology in the future. The investigation results will boost the development of an ammonia and hydrogen compression ignition engine and boost the internal combustion engine to zero carbon combustion mode.
Selective Separation of Arsenic from Arsenic-bearing Copper Dust by Vulcanization Reduction
Authors: Li Xuepeng , Wang Juan , Chang Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArsenic is removed from arsenic-bearing copper dust by vulcanizing reduction. Vulcanizing reduction conditions and kinetics of arsenic volatilization are studied. Different temperatures, sulfur additions and vulcanizing reduction times are studied to obtain the conditions of separating arsenic from arsenic-bearing copper dust. Arsenic was selectively removed with a volatilization rate of 94.54% under the conditions of temperature of 400°C, sulfur addition of 10wt% and 60min vulcanizing reduction time. Arsenic was prepared to As2O3with a purity of 95.3% which can be used as raw material to prepare elemental arsenic. The kinetic study showed that the process of arsenic volatilization conformed to the SCM model; the arsenic volatilization process was controlled by diffusion control in the first 60 minutes and switched to chemical reaction in the 70-120 minutes.
Effect of Zn Transition Layer on Properties of Vacuum Deposited Zn-Mg Coating
Authors: Liu Qiuyuan , Qiu Xiaopan , Liu Xin , Zhao Xingyuan , Jiang Sheming , Zhang Qifu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Zinc coatings have been served as a barrier and a galvanic protection for steel products for over a century. However, with the depletion of zinc resources, it becomes an urgent issue to obtain a new type of zinc coating that uses less zinc and has higher corrosion resistance. In order to develop Zn/ZnMg coatings with better corrosion resistance than traditional galvanized steel and suitable for advanced high strength steel, the vacuum thermal evaporation technique was used to simultaneously deposit Zn/ZnMg coating onto interstitial free steel plates and single-crystal silicon wafers in a high vacuum environment. The microstructure, morphology, adhesion and corrosion resistance behavior of the Zn/ZnMg coating were studied by scratch test, salt spray test and electrochemical method. The results shows that the grain size in the Zn/ZnMg coating tended to increase with the increase of the substrate temperature. After deposited the pure Zn transition layer, the adhesion of the coating has been obviously improved. When the substrate temperature was increased to 200°C, the obtained coating exhibited strong corrosion resistance.