bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kebisingan Kawasan Pemukiman di Sekitar Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel Desa Labasiano Kecamatan Buko Tahun 2022
Authors: Dwicahya Bambang , Huraerah Sofyan , Sakati Sandy Novrianto , Balebu Dwi Wahyu 
Published: July 2023

Bunyi adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat kita hindari dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, termasuk tempat kerja.Bahkan bunyi yang kita tangkap melalui telinga merupakan bagian dari kerja, misalnya bunyi telepon, bunyi mesin cetak, dan lain sebagainya.Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui tingkat kebisingan di Kawasan pemukiman sekitar PLTD desa Labasiano. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Deskriptif dan lokasi penelitian di kawasan pemukiman sekitar PLTD desa Labasiano. Kemudian sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu wilayah ditentukan dengan menggunakan GPS dan sesuai SNI 8427 tahun 2017 terdapat 3 titik pengukuran dengan radius 10, 25, 25 (M).pengambilan data dilakukan dengan lembar pengambilan data KMNLH No. 48 Tahun 1996. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tingkat kebisingan dikawasan pemukiman sekitar PLTD desa Labasiano melebihi standar baku mutu kebisingan dikawasan pemukiman dimana hasil didapatkan >55 dBA atau pada Titik 1= 77,35, Titik 2= 72,13, dan Titik 3= 65,97. Saran bagi penentu kebijakan, baik puskesmas, maupun DLH, dan masyarakat agar dapat melakukan penanggulangan kebisingan dikawasan pemukiman desa Labasiano.
Sound is something that we cannot avoid in our daily lives, including in the workplace. Even the sound that we perceive through our ears is part of work, for example the sound of a telephone, the sound of a printing press, and so on. This study aims to determine the noise level in Residential area around the Labasiano village PLTD. This type of research is descriptive and the research location is in a residential area around the PLTD of Labasiano village. Then the sample in this study is the area determined using GPS and according to SNI 8427 of 2017 there are 3 measurement points with a radius of 10, 25, 25 (M). Data collection was carried out using the KMNLH data collection sheet No. 48 of 1996. The results of this study indicate that the noise level in the residential area around the Labasiano village PLTD exceeds the noise quality standards in residential areas where the results obtained are >55 dBA or at Point 1 = 77.35, Point 2 = 72.13, and Point 3 = 65,97. Suggestions for policy makers, both health centers, and DLH, and the community to be able to carry out noise control in the residential area of ​​Labasiano village.
EDUCAÇÃO E GESTÃO FINANCEIRA PESSOAL: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O PLANEJAMENTO FINANCEIRO PESSOAL DOS ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO NA CIDADE DE PALMAS-TO
Authors: Silva Ernandes Pinheiro da , Borges Cejana Marques 
Published: July 2023

Educação financeira e finanças pessoais está se tornando cada vez mais importante na vida das pessoas, cada vez mais imprescindível na vida das pessoas e ainda assim grande parte da população não detém os conhecimentos necessários para colocá-lo em prática ou quando tem não utilizam na gestão financeira pessoal. Com isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar o planejamento financeiro pessoal dos alunos do curso de Administração de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior, na cidade de Palmas-TO. Assim, o método deste estudo é dedutivo, em relação aos objetivos é descritivo e quanto a abordagem é qualiquantitativo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio de questionário, com perguntas fechadas, elaboradas a partir dos critérios apresentados no relatório ENEF 2005, aplicado aos acadêmicos. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos por meio do questionário aplicado aos acadêmicos conclui-se que é de suma importância realizar o controle de gastos mensais e planejamento financeiro pessoal, por meio de ferramentas de controle de despesas.
PENGARUH PUPUK KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN TINGGI ANAKAN JENGKOL (Pithecolobium jiringa) PASCA TIGA BULAN PENYAPIHAN
Authors: Fadjeri M. , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Aquastini Dwinita , Malaysia Emi , Masrudy M. , Noorhamsyah  
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of composting on the height increase of Jengkol (Pithecolobium jiringa) puppies after three months of weaning at the Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic Nursery.
This study used a completely randomized design, with 4 types of treatment on weaning media and 10 replications. The treatments were N0 (pure sub soil), N1 (75% sub soil + 25% compost), N2 (50% sub soil + 50% compost) and N3 (25% sub soil + 75% compost).
Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the height of jengkol (Pithecolobium jiringa) seedlings was treated with different growth media, namely planting media (subsoil) without compost (N0), planting media with a ratio of subsoil and compost compared to 75% : 25% (N1), planting media with a ratio of subsoil and compost 50% : 50% (N2) and planting media with a ratio between subsoil and compost 25% : 75% (N3). that all growing media gave a positive response to the height increase of jengkol (Pithecolobium jiringa) seedlings.
Treatment N2 showed greater height gain, but based on the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 95% confidence level, treatments N1 and N2 were not significantly different.
Sakinah Family Portrait In A Polygamous Family (The Impact of Polygamy On The Welfare Of Children In Families In North Aceh Region, Indonesia)
Authors: Jumala Nirwani , Zawil Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe the portrait of the Sakinah family in a polygamous family, as well as to reveal the impact of polygamous marriage on children's welfare in North Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with field research and library research. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and literature studies. Primary data sources were 32 participants consisting of 8 polygamous husbands, 5 first wives, 7-second wives, 1 third wife, 1 fourth wife, and 10 children in polygamous families. Secondary data sources from the field consisted of Islamic religious counsellors who served at the KUA, and community leaders in the North Aceh district. The results of this study indicate that respondents define a sakinah family as a comfortable household condition, fulfilling a living both physically and spiritually, as basic needs consisting of food, clothing, shelter, worship, education, affection and fair treatment for all family members. The Sakinah family is also associated with polygamous status, where there are respondents who understand that the Sakinah family is a family that is free from the practice of polygamy. The way polygamy practices affect the well-being of children in the family. Open and legal polygamous marriages have a positive impact on children because husbands/fathers are able to be fair in the family. The relationship between family members is quite harmonious, both the relationship between children and parents, as well as other family members. Meanwhile, secret polygamous marriages tend to have a negative impact on children. Husbands/fathers tend to neglect their responsibilities as heads of the family. The relationship between children and their parents and fellow family members is not always harmonious. The practice of polygamy can affect children's lives in three aspects. Psychologically, polygamous marriage families make children lose confidence, stress or depression, wepping, get angry and hate their parents. In terms of education, children experience a decrease in achievement. The inability of parents to pay school fees causes children to drop out of school. In the social aspect, children who live in a polygamous family experience isolation from friends and get bullying from peers or neighbours. Children also tend to withdraw from social life

Keywords: Polygamous Marriage, Sakinah Family, Children’s Life, Aceh Indonesia
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Dalam Meningkatkan Pemasaran Dimasa Pandemik Pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menegah (Umkm)
Authors: Yatnosaputro Rosanti Utami D.S. , Dzakiyyah Rifaa , Cindy Novi 
Published: July 2023

AbstrakPandemi global Covid-19 yang melanda negara Indonesia memaksa agar masyarakat membatasi aktifitasnya. Penerapan pembatasan social yang bertujuan menahan laju pertambahan kasus tertular virus Covid-19 berdampak juga pada kehidupan social masyarakat diantaranya ekonomi. Permasalahan yang ditemukan di Desa Haruman, kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut adalah kesulitan para pelaku UMKM utamanya dalam melakukan pemasaran hasil produksinya. Melihat kondisi di Desa Haruman tersebut, penulis melihat perlu dilakukan terobosan untuk dapat menjangkau target pasar UMKM yaitu dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan internet dan juga alat yang dimiliki oleh para pelaku UMKM. Pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakanÂ dalam bentuk pengenalan, sosialisasi dan pendampingan dalam memanfaatkan internet untuk kegiatan pemasaran yaitu memanfaat sosial media dan juga market place. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Haruman, Kecamatan Leles adalah memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan sosial media dalam melakukan pemasaran produk UMKM sehingga dalam kondisi pandemic dan adanya pembatasan sosial UMKM di Desa Haruman, Kecamatan Leles tetap dapat berjalan dan berkembang.Kata-kata kunci: Pemasaran; umkm; media sosial.Abstract The global Covid-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia forced people to limit their activities. The implementation of social restrictions aimed at restraining the rate of increase in cases of contracting the Covid-19 virus has an impact on the social life of the community, including the economy. The problem found in Haruman Village, Leles sub-district, Garut Regency is the difficulty of the main MSME actors in marketing their products. Seeing the conditions in Haruman Village, the author sees that a breakthrough is needed to be able to reach the MSME target market, namely by utilizing the development of the internet and also the tools owned by MSME actors. Community service is carried out in the form of introduction, socialization and assistance in utilizing the internet for marketing activities, namely utilizing social media and also the market place. The results of community service in Haruman Village, Leles District are providing knowledge and skills in using social media in marketing MSME products so that in a pandemic condition and MSME social restrictions in Haruman Village, Leles District can still run and develop.Keywords: Marketing; umkm; social media.
المعاملات الربوية في القران الكريم (دراسة في الاثار والمعالجات)
Authors: رشك جاسب 
Published: July 2023

الربا هي الزيادة الحاصلة في البيع، ولكن ليست كل زيادة، والا لصارت المعاملات كلها محرمة، فالكثير من المعاملات يقصد منها الزيادة في البيع، ولاجل ذلك قسمت الروايات الشريفة الربا المحرم الى الربا القرضي والربا المعاملي او الربا المعاوضي.
وقد وردت الكثير من الايات المباركة في القران الكريم عن حرمة الربا لما له من اثار وخيمة في حياة الانسان الفرد والمجتمع، من اكل للمال الباطل، والى الكوارث الاقتصادية والاجتماعية التي تعم المجتمع فيما اذا اصبح ظاهرة لم تعالج، والى الجرائم الاجتماعية التي تحدث لبعض الافراد فيما اذا لم يستطيعوا تسديد ما عليهم من اموال للمرابي، الى حصول الطبقية بين افراد المجتمع .
ولاجل ذلك نرى الاسلام العظيم والقران الكريم قد تناول الربا بايات كثيرة وحذر منه اشد التحذير لان فيه خسارة الدنيا والاخرة واعطى البديل المناسب الذي ينفع الانسان في الدنيا والاخرة وهو الزكاة كما في قوله تعالى :(وَمَاآتَيْتُمْ مِنْ رِبًا لِيَرْبُوَ فِي أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ فَلَا يَرْبُو عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَمَا آتَيْتُمْ مِنْ زَكَاةٍ تُرِيدُونَ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُضْعِفُونَ).
وقد تناولنا في هذا الموضوع (المعاملات الربوية في القران الكريم دراسة في الاثار والمعالجات) مبحثين في المبحث الاول تناولنا اثار المعاملات الربوية التي يتعرض لها المجتمع كالبطالة، والفوارق الطبقية، والاستعمار الاقتصادي والعسكري، وهلاك القرى، وغيرها من الاثار السيئة .
والمبحث الثاني تناولنا المعالجات التي تراها مناسبة في الحد او القضاء على الربا وهذا كله من خلال المنهج القراني، كالتثقيف على اضرار الربا، والتفقه في الدين، والحث على العمل في الزراعة والصناعة واداء الحقوق الشرعية وانشاء المصارف الاسلامية تجنبا من الوقوع في المعاملات الربوية .
نشأة الصحافة العربية العُمانية في زنجبار (1329هـ - 1383هـ / 1911م - 1964م)
Authors: السيابية سعاد 
Published: July 2023

عُرِفت الصحافة العربية في زنجبار بوصفها نتاجًا ثقافيًّا انبثق بعد ظهور المطبعة السلطانية التي دخلت زنجبار في عهد السيِّد برغش بن سعيد عام 1882م، والتي تُعَدُّ إحدى أقدم المطابع التي ذاع صيتها في شرق إفريقيا آنذاك. وما إنْ ظهرت هذه الصحف، حتى كان لكلٍّ منها توجُّهات ثقافية، وأبعاد سياسية مُعيَّنة، أَمْلَتْها جُمْلة من الوقائع والأحداث المتوالية، والتحوُّلات السياسية والاجتماعية في تلك الحِقبة، أدَّت دورًا مهمًّا في تحقيق الوحدة الوطنية، ونشر الثقافة العربية وتعاليم الدين الإسلامي، وتنوير عقول الشعب عامة، عن طريق ما كان يُنشَر فيها من مقالات وأخبار مُتنوِّعة، لا سيَّما أنَّه عُهِد بهذه الصحف إلى نخبة من العلماء والمُثقَّفين الذين كان لهم تأثير واضح في مختلف شرائح المجتمع.
تتمثَّل أهمية هذه الدراسة في الوقوف على أهم الصحف العربية العُمانية التي أُنشِئت في زنجبار، وتقصّي عوامل نشأتها، وتعرُّف أهم رُوّادها منذ عام 1911م، وبيان ماهية القضايا التي ركَّزت عليها. ومن المُلاحَظ أنَّ هذه الصحف قد أَوْلت قضايا المجتمع المختلفة، والقضايا السياسية جُلَّ اهتمامها، وكان للقضايا العُمانية والعالمية أيضًا حضور لافت في صفحاتها؛ إذ تُعَدُّ هذه الحِقبة من تاريخ زنجبار مرحلة مهمة تزخر بالأحداث التي أثَّرت بصورة أساسية في المجتمع المحلي بزنجبار سياسيًّا واجتماعيًّا واقتصاديًّا.
تروم الدراسة تتبُّع عوامل نشأة الصحف العربية العُمانية في زنجبار، وتعرُّف أهم هذه الصحف ورُوّادها، وكذلك المصادر التي اعتمدت عليها في تقصّي الأخبار، فضلًا عن التماس الدور الذي أدَّته هذه الصحف في تنوير عقول العامة بخصوص القضايا والأحداث التي شهدتها زنجبار، وعلى رأسها قضية تأصيل الوحدة الوطنية التي حاولت بريطانيا زعزعتها؛ نظرًا إلى خضوع زنجبار وقتئذٍ للوصاية البريطانية.
لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي التاريخي لرصد الجانب المُتعلِّق بعوامل نشأة الصحف العربية في زنجبار، وحصر أهم هذه الصحف وتحديدها، وتتبُّع نوعية القضايا المطروحة فيها.
جاءت هذه الدراسة في تمهيد، وثلاثة محاور رئيسة. أمّا التمهيد فعرض لُمْحة موجزة عن تاريخ الصحافة العالمية، وأمّا المحور الأوَّل فتطرَّق إلى عوامل نشأة الصحافة في زنجبار، وأمّا المحور الثاني فتناول بالتحديد أهم الصحف العربية العُمانية التي تأسَّست في زنجبار، في حين بحث المحور الثالث في أهم المصادر التي اعتمدتها هذه الصحف في نقل أخباها، ثمَّ انتهت الدراسة بخاتمة لخَّصت أهم النتائج التي توصَّلت إليها.
دراسة نقدية في ألفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد للشريف المرتضى (ت436ه)
Authors: احمد زهراء 
Published: July 2023

يُعَد كتاب الأمالي للشريف المرتضى من الكتب التي تناولت تأويل بعض من آيات القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة وكلام العرب من الشعر والأمثال وبيان اللبس واللغط في تفسيرها، إذ إنَّه لم يُسلم برأي واحدٍ، إنما يأخذ عدّة اراء، يناقشها ويبيّن الغلط فيها, مستدلاً بآياتٍ قرآنية وأحاديث نبوية وأقوال العلماء لتعزيز رأيه، إذ يناقش تلك الآراء، ويتناول أخبار الشعراء والمتكلمين ومعتقداتهم الفكرية والأصولية، لذلك رأيت أنْ أبحث في هذا الموضوع وأختار عنوانا له " دراسة نقدية في الفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد للشريف المرتضى (ت436ه)"، وجاءت دراستي في تمهيد ومطلبين درست في التمهيد مراحل النقد عند العرب والتعريف بالشريف المرتضى, ولادته، تلاميذه، مؤلفاته، أما المطلب الأول فكان الكلام فيه عن مستويات النقد اللغوي الأربع والمطلب الثاني فكان (دراسة نقدية في الفاظ غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) وهو مقصد موضوعنا.
Exploring the Impact of Social Media Facebook Platform on Students’ Motivation and Lexical Competence.
Authors: Al-Khazaali Husam , Amirian Zahra 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine whether social media platforms such as Facebook have any impact on how well students develop their vocabulary and improve motivation. The group has been assigned to the experimental group in order to monitor the development of lexical competence and motivation as they receive treatment. This group was created on Facebook by the researcher to implement the experiment to the EG by uploading educational videos and audio, drills, and other educational materials. Students in the control group, on the other hand, receive language instruction in a conventional manner.
The use of a questionnaire and a pretest-posttest design is part of a mixed-methods approach. The researchers discovered statistically significant differences in vocabulary development and motivational stimulus between the experimental group and the control group after implementing the intervention. This indicates that compared to students who received the traditional method of instruction, those who received the treatment had better vocabulary development and were more motivated. It can be concluded that using Facebook in educational settings can be advantageous and useful as a tool for teaching and learning languages.
Social Media Hate and Misinformation Campaign in the Nigeria 2023 Elections.
Authors: Jimada Usman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social Media platforms have become safe spaces for abuse and harmful content, making them potentially hostile environments for normal users. Hate not only denies those being abused the ability to freely express themselves online, it can lead to substantial direct offline harm and violence. Online lies, misinformation, and disinformation are being weaponized by movements and individuals such as politicians for their own political, social and economic ends. Meanwhile, the platforms they use to spread their lies fail to take action. Among the popular platforms are Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Telegram and other social media outlets. According to the Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) there is a growing avalanche of hate on social media especially on Twitter. However, Sacha Altay, et al have observed that “The media landscape is no longer controlled by traditional gatekeepers, and misinformation, just like any other content, is easier to publish”. (Sacha Altay, et al. 2023)
In Nigeria, the advent of social media for political discourse, has given rise to social media platforms becoming the new echo chambers of misinformation, hate, insults, name calling and character assassination by political opponents in an unprecedented manner. It has made it easier to spread hateful messages and propaganda to a wider audience often with devastating consequences. As noted by Monday Ashibogwu, the use of insults during elections in Nigeria is not a new phenomenon. It has been observed in all the previous elections. (Ashibogwu, M. 2023).
This study examines the use of social media for campaigns, specifically, the use of social media to spread hate and dangerous messages by political candidates contesting the Nigerian 2023 elections and their supporters. The study involves critical studies using qualitative methods and analysis. It looks at how hate speech and misinformation fuel violence in a fractured Nigeria society. There are fault lines and cleavages that have historically evolved in the Nigerian society. These fault lines have been built over time around ethno-religious differences. During elections often associated with the struggle for power these differences become overtly manifested among competing interest groups rendering the prospects for a peaceful orderly conduct of elections that is violence- free very difficult.
Diversity of potencial pathogenic Cryptococcus species isolated from environment in country side São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Araújo Matheus janeck , Marinho Márcia 
Published: July 2023

Cryptococcosis is a systemic disease caused by two species. C. neoformans species complexes are associated with cases of cryptococcosis in immunosuppressed patients, being commonly isolated from the soil and birds feces. C. gattii species complexes affects mainly immunocompetent individuals and is often isolated in native or exotic tree species in state of biodegradation. This study aimed to perform the environmental mapping of pathogenic species of the genus Cryptococcus in tree samples of public places of the city of Birigui, São Paulo. The samples were collected from regions with greater traffic in this city. After processing, morphophysiological, biochemical, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, URA5 PCR and RFLP with double enzymatic digestion tests were performed to characterize the Cryptococcus species/species complexes. The percentage of tree colonization by the C. gattii VGII was 5%, for C. neoformans VNIV was 1%, and was found 6% of C. laurentii and 3% of C. albidus species. These results suggest that there are a micro-foci and diversity of pathogenic Cryptococcus species in arboreal environment locations investigated in this study.
Exploring perceptions of regulators regarding factors affecting quality of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Hanif Yumna , Hussain Azhar , Hashmi Ayisha 
Published: July 2023

Inadequate rules and regulations regarding manufacturing and quality assurance of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are a threat towards safety, quality and efficacy of such products. The aim of the study was to explore the perception of regulatory stakeholders regarding current status, challenges, barriers and solutions for assuring rational use, quality, safety and efficacy of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals in Pakistan. A qualitative study design was used. Perceptions of stakeholders were explored using semi structured interview guide by using snowball sampling technique. After data collection, recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcribed interviews were then subjected to thematic analysis and were analysed for relevant contents. The result of the study highlighted that regulatory guideline for nutraceuticals were available and being followed. Although the policies were available, but strict implementation of policies is required. The results of the present study concluded that nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are of great focus and concern for all the regulatory stakeholders. Despite of the challenges and barriers faced by regulators , they had constructive and practical ideas about how to embrace the current nutraceutical and cosmeceutical landscape that facilitates the appropriate and safe use of nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals in Pakistan.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Silikat (BioSilAc dan SiAbate) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Agrononi, Serapan Silika dan Ketahanan pada Serangan Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Tebu Varietas PSJK 922
Authors: Yuliatun Simping , Ilmiah Mufidatul , Puspitasari Arinta Rury , Anggarani Mirwa Adiprahara 
Published: July 2023

Silicon (Si) merupakan unsur penting nutrisi mineral untuk tanaman tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh pupuk silika komersial dan pupuk silika hasil sintesis P3GI terhadap pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman tebu dari serangan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah kontrol, pupuk BioSilAc (komersial) sesuai dosis anjuran, pemakaian pupuk SiAbate 50%, 100%, 200% terhadap dosis pupuk BioSilAc. Pengamatan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan dilakukan pada 2, 3, 4 BST. Kadar silika daun diuji sebelum aplikasi, 1, 2 dan 3 bulan setelah aplikasi pupuk silika. Pengamatan hama dan penyakit dilakukan pada umur tanaman tebu 4,5 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk silika berpengaruh positif terhadap tinggi tanaman dan ketahanan serangan hama dan penyakit. Namun, tidak berpengaruh untuk jumlah anakan dan serapan Si di daun tebu. Aplikasi pupuk silika didapatkan rerata penambahan tinggi tanaman paling besar adalah pupuk silika SiAbate pupuk silika komersial kontrol. Perlakuan pupuk silika komersial (BioSilAc) lebih tahan terhadap serangan hama penggerek batang di daun, tetapi rentan terhadap penyakit pokahbung. Sedangkan perlakuan pupuk silika (SiAbate) lebih tahan terhadap penyakit pokahbung, tetapi tidak tahan terhadap serangan hama penggerek batang di daun.