bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of Long Mu Qing Xin mixture for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Li Xuejun , Xiao Zhen , Pu Wenyan , Jiang Zhiyan , Wang Shumin , Zhang Yixing 
Published: March 2023

Background: Long Mu Qing Xin Mixture (LMQXM) has shown potentially positive effects in alleviating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the action mechanism is still not fully understood. This study aimed to predict the potential mechanism of LMQXM for ADHD using network pharmacology and molecular docking, which were then validated using animal experiments.Methods: Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the core targets and potential pathways of LMQXMQ for ADHD, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the potential significance of dopamine (DA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways. To verify the hypothesis, we conducted an animal experiment. In the animal experiment, the young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into the model group (SHR), the methylphenidate hydrochloride group (MPH, 4.22 mg/kg), and 3 LMQXM groups (low-dose (LD) group, 5.28 ml/kg; medium-dose (MD) group, 10.56 ml/kg; and high-dose (HD) group, 21.12 ml/kg), and administered by gavage for 4 weeks; the WKY rats were set as the control group. The open field test and Morris water maze test were used to evaluate the behavioral performance of rats, high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze DA levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of rats, ELISA was used to detect cAMP concentrations in the PFC and striatum, and immunohistochemistry and qPCR were used to analyze positive cell expression and mRNA expression for indicators related to DA and cAMP pathways.Results: The results showed that beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rhynchophylline, baicalein, and formononetin might be key components of LMQXM for ADHD and that these components bind well to the core targets, DA receptors (DRD1 and DRD2). Furthermore, LMQXM might act through the DA and cAMP signaling pathways. In the animal experiment, we found that MPH and LMQXM-MD controlled hyperactivity and improved learning and memory in SHRs, while LMQXM-HD only controlled hyperactivity in SHRs; meanwhile, MPH and LMQXM-MD upregulated DA and cAMP levels, mean optical density (MOD) of cAMP, and MOD and mRNA expression of DRD1 and PKA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of SHRs, while LMQXM-LD and LMQXM-HD upregulated DA and cAMP levels in the striatum, MOD of cAMP in the PFC, and mRNA expression of PKA in the PFC. However, we did not find a significant regulatory effect of LMQXM on DRD2.Conclusion: To sum up, this study demonstrated that LMQXM may increase DA levels mainly by activating the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway through DRD1, thereby controlling the behavioral disorders of SHRs, which is most effective at moderate doses, and this may be a key mechanism for LMQXM in the treatment of ADHD.
Characterization of tumor microenvironment and programmed death-related genes to identify molecular subtypes and drug resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yu Liang , He Risheng , Cui Yunfu 
Published: March 2023

Background: Immunotherapy has been a key option for the treatment of many types of cancer. A positive response to immunotherapy is heavily dependent on tumor microenvironment (TME) interaction. However, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), the association between TME mode of action and immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy, clinical outcome remained unknown.Methods: We systematically evaluated 29 TME genes in PAAD signature. Molecular subtypes of distinct TME signatures in PAAD were characterized by consensus clustering. After this, we comprehensively analyzed their clinical features, prognosis, and immunotherapy/chemotherapy response using correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves analysis, ssGSEA analysis. 12 programmed cell death (PCD) patterns were acquired from previous study. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired based on differential analysis. Key genes affecting overall survival (OS) of PAAD were screened by COX regression analysis and used to develop a RiskScore evaluation model. Finally, we assessed the value of RiskScore in predicting prognosis and treatment response in PAAD.Results: We identified 3 patterns of TME-associated molecular subtypes (C1, C2, C3), and observed that clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, pathway features and immune features, immunotherapy/chemosensitivity of patients were correlated with the TME related subtypes. C1 subtype was more sensitive to the four chemotherapeutic drugs. PCD patterns were more likely to occur at C2 or C3. At the same time, we also detected 6 key genes that could affect the prognosis of PAAD, and 5 genes expressions were closely associated to methylation level. Low-risk patients with high immunocompetence had favorable prognostic results and high immunotherapy benefit. Patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs. RiskScore related to TME was an independent prognostic factor for PAAD.Conclusion: Collectively, we identified a prognostic signature of TME in PAAD patients, which could help elucidate the specific mechanism of action of TME in tumors and help to explore more effective immunotherapy strategies.
Meta-analysis of the relationship between university students' anxiety and academic performance during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Tang Yuxi , He Weiguang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the mental health and academic performance of university students worldwide. Anxiety is one of the most commonly reported mental health issues among this population, but its relationship with academic performance during the pandemic has not been fully explored.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA-P guidelines to synthesize existing research on the relationship between anxiety and academic performance in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Four databases were searched (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) for articles published between December 2019 and June 2022, and studies from five different countries were included in the analysis. A heterogeneity test was performed, and a fixed-effects model was used to calculate the main results.ResultsThe meta-analysis revealed a negative correlation between university students' anxiety and academic performance (r = −0.211, k = 5, N = 1,205). Subgroup analysis found no significant regulatory effects for the year of publication, country development level, student type, or anxiety type. The results suggest that negative emotions induced by the pandemic are the most significant factor linking anxiety to poor academic performance.DiscussionDuring pandemics with severe global consequences, such as COVID-19, interventions against and for the prevention of university students' negative emotions are important ways to improve university students' mental health and academic achievement.
Sustained increase in depression and anxiety among psychiatrically healthy adolescents during late stage COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cochran Gabe , Cohen Zsofia P. , Paulus Martin P. , Tsuchiyagaito Aki , Kirlic Namik 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAdolescents have experienced increases in anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at particular risk for suffering from long-term mental health consequences because of their unique developmental stage. This study aimed to determine if initial increases in depression and anxiety in a small sample of healthy adolescents after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were sustained at follow-up during a later stage of the pandemic.MethodsFifteen healthy adolescents completed self-report measures at three timepoints (pre-pandemic [T1], early pandemic [T2], and later pandemic [T3]). The sustained effect of COVID-19 on depression and anxiety was examined using linear mixed-effect analyses. An exploratory analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation during COVID-19 at T2 and increases in depression and anxiety at T3.ResultsThe severity of depression and anxiety was significantly increased at T2 and sustained at T3 (depression: Hedges’ g [T1 to T2] = 1.04, g [T1 to T3] = 0.95; anxiety: g [T1 to T2] = 0.79, g [T1 to T3] = 0.80). This was accompanied by sustained reductions in positive affect, peer trust, and peer communication. Greater levels of difficulties in emotion regulation at T2 were related to greater symptoms of depression and anxiety at T3 (rho = 0.71 to 0.80).ConclusionIncreased symptoms of depression and anxiety were sustained at the later stage of the pandemic in healthy adolescents. Replication of these findings with a larger sample size would be required to draw firm conclusions.
Global trends in the incidence and mortality of asthma from 1990 to 2019: An age-period-cohort analysis using the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Cao Yu , Chen Sanqian , Chen Xiaoyun , Zou Wei , Liu Zhitao , Wu Yuhang , Hu Songbo 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAsthma is a major global health challenge. The global strategic management and prevention of asthma report has been published, but health system planning for asthma requires a careful assessment of asthma epidemiology. This study described the incidence and mortality of global asthma from 1990 to 2019.MethodsBased on data from the global burden of disease study (GBD) 2019, we present spatial and temporal trends in asthma incidence and mortality for the world and its 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Meanwhile, age-period-cohort analysis was used to explore factors influencing asthma incidence and mortality.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the incidence of asthma decreased from 601.20 per 1,00,000 to 477.92 per 1,00,000, and the mortality of asthma decreased from 8.60 per 1,00,000 to 5.96 per 1,00,000. High sociodemographic index (SDI) areas have higher age-standardised asthma incidence and low sociodemographic index areas have higher age-standardised asthma mortality. The age-period-cohort analysis results showed that the relative risk (RR) of incidence was high in children and the RR of mortality was high in elderly individuals. The RR of both asthma incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend over time. The RR of asthma incidence in the recent birth cohort was higher than that in the previous birth cohort. The RR of asthma mortality continued to decline with the change in the birth cohort.ConclusionsGlobal asthma incidence and mortality decreased from 1990 to 2019. The decline in asthma incidence was mainly attributed to age effects and period effects, and the decline in asthma mortality was mainly attributed to period effects and cohort effects. Focusing on the risk of incidence in children and the risk of mortality in the elderly, promoting healthy lifestyles and controlling environmental risk factors can help to better control asthma.
Effects of an 8-week Baduanjin intervention combined with low-carbohydrates diet among overweight people who struggle with drug addiction
Authors: Jia Dongming , Xu Yuming 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPrior studies have consistently revealed that a combination of physical activity with caloric restriction results in a reduction in body weight in the general population. Both overweight and drug abuse are risk factors for poor physiological health, and poor mental health has been associated with drug abuse and unhealthy body mass index (BMI). However, the effects of low-carbohydrates diet (LC) combined with mind-body exercise intervention on improving anthropometric characteristics, lipid metabolism, quality of life, and craving among overweight people who struggle with drug addiction have yet to be clarified.MethodsFifty-four eligible male patients were randomly assigned to the control group (CON; n = 18), the Baduanjin intervention group (BA, 60 min × 5 times/week, 8 weeks; n = 18), and the Baduanjin combined with LC intervention group (LC; n = 18). We compared the anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, quality of life, and drug craving responses between the three groups at baseline (week 0), week 4, and week 8.ResultsAfter repeated measurements in the general linear model, both the BA and LC groups exerted significant effects on decreasing waist circumference, BMI, body weight, hip circumference, body fat percentage, total cholesterol level, and triglyceride level (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the HDL-C level observed among the BA and LC groups at 8 weeks (P &gt; 0.05); however, there was an overall upwards trend. A significant change in trends in the quality of life scale score was determined in the three groups (P &lt; 0.001). The three groups showed reductions in visual analog scale score distribution over time (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsEither Baduanjin or an 8-week Baduanjin combined with LC can significantly reduce anthropometric characteristics and body composition, enhance the quality of life, and reduce craving in overweight/obese patients. Baduanjin combined with LC is particularly effective in improving lipid metabolism.
Determinants of viral load suppression among orphaned and vulnerable children living with HIV on ART in Tanzania
Authors: Ally Amal , Exavery Amon , Charles John , Kikoyo Levina , Mseya Remmy , Barankena Asheri , Fovo Rose , Temu Akwila 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn Tanzania, only 66% children 0–14 years living with HIV know their HIV status, 66% are on treatment while 47% of children on ART are virally suppressed. Although retention on ART and poor adherence remain a challenge for children living with HIV, orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) face a greater limitation of access to and utilization of comprehensive HIV care and treatment. In response to this, the current study assessed the determinants of viral load suppression (VLS) among OVC aged 0–14 years living with HIV enrolled in HIV interventions.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that used secondary data collected by the USAID Kizazi Kipya project in 81 district councils of Tanzania. Included in this study are 1,980 orphans and vulnerable children living with HIV (OVCLHIV) (0–14 years) enrolled and served by the project for 24 months. Data analysis involved multivariable logistic regression, with viral load suppression as the outcome of interest and HIV interventions as the main independent variables.ResultsThe overall VLS rate among the OVCLHIV was 85.3%. This rate increased from 85.3, 89.9, 97.6 to 98.8% after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of retention on ART, respectively. Similar rates were observed as the duration of adherence to ART increased. In the multivariable analysis, OVCLHIV attending people living with HIV (PLHIV) support groups were 411 times more likely to be virally suppressed than those not attending (aOR = 411.25, 95% CI 168.2–1,005.4). OVCLHIV with health insurance were 6 times more likely to achieve viral suppression than those without (aOR = 6.05, 95% CI 3.28–11.15). OVCLHIV with &gt;95% adherence to ART were 149 times more likely to be virally suppressed than those not adherent to ART (aOR = 148.96, 95% CI 42.6–520.6, p &lt; 0.001). Other significant factors included food security and family size. OVCLHIV reached by the different HIV community-based interventions were more likely to be virally suppressed than those who were not.DiscussionTo advance viral suppression, efforts should be made to ensure that all OVCLHIV are reached by community-based interventions as well as integrating food support in HIV treatment interventions.
Using gait videos to automatically assess anxiety
Authors: Wen Yeye , Li Baobin , Liu Xiaoqian , Chen Deyuan , Gao Shaoshuai , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundIn recent years, the number of people with anxiety disorders has increased worldwide. Methods for identifying anxiety through objective clues are not yet mature, and the reliability and validity of existing modeling methods have not been tested. The objective of this paper is to propose an automatic anxiety assessment model with good reliability and validity.MethodsThis study collected 2D gait videos and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale data from 150 participants. We extracted static and dynamic time-domain features and frequency-domain features from the gait videos and used various machine learning approaches to build anxiety assessment models. We evaluated the reliability and validity of the models by comparing the influence of factors such as the frequency-domain feature construction method, training data size, time-frequency features, gender, and odd and even frame data on the model.ResultsThe results show that the number of wavelet decomposition layers has a significant impact on the frequency-domain feature modeling, while the size of the gait training data has little impact on the modeling effect. In this study, the time-frequency features contributed to the modeling, with the dynamic features contributing more than the static features. Our model predicts anxiety significantly better in women than in men (rMale = 0.666, rFemale = 0.763, p &lt; 0.001). The best correlation coefficient between the model prediction scores and scale scores for all participants is 0.725 (p &lt; 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the model prediction scores for odd and even frame data is 0.801~0.883 (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThis study shows that anxiety assessment based on 2D gait video modeling is reliable and effective. Moreover, we provide a basis for the development of a real-time, convenient and non-invasive automatic anxiety assessment method.
“Nothing is ever going to change if we don't start advocating for our child.”: Community-level disclosure and stigma management strategies among parents of internationally adopted children living with PHIV
Authors: Bingaman Amanda , Hamilton Alison , Houpt Bethany , Olivero Rosemary , Fair Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe number of internationally adopted children living with perinatally-acquired HIV (IACP) in the U.S. is increasing, yet little is known about their families' experiences navigating HIV disclosure within a community context. This paper examines the lived experiences of adoptive parents as they navigate HIV disclosure and manage stigma toward their adopted children within their broader communities.MethodsA purposive sample of parents of IACP was recruited at two pediatric infectious disease clinics and via closed Facebook groups. Parents completed two semi-structured interviews approximately one year apart. Interview questions included strategies parents used to reduce the impact of community level stigma that their child is likely to encounter as they mature. Interviews were analyzed using Sort and Sift, Think and Shift analytic approach. All parents (n = 24) identified as white and most (n = 17) had interracial families, with children adopted from 11 different countries (range: age at adoption 1-15 years; range: age at first interview 2-19 years).ResultsAnalyses revealed that parents serve as advocates for their child by both supporting more public HIV disclosure at times, but also applying indirect strategies such as working to improve outdated sex education material. Knowledge of HIV disclosure laws empowered parents to make informed decisions about who, if anyone, in the community needed to know their child's HIV status.ConclusionFamilies with IACP would benefit from HIV disclosure support/training and community-based HIV stigma reduction interventions.
Factors influencing adherence to lifestyle prescriptions among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A qualitative study using the health action process approach framework
Authors: Wang Lina , Zhou Huixuan , Liu Yali , Wang Xin , Yan Wenjing , Zhang Jing , Ren Hong 
Published: March 2023

Background and objectiveLifestyle modifications aimed at weight loss have been introduced as a cornerstone of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. However, very few patients follow the doctor's prescription to change their lifestyle to achieve weight loss in the real world. The purpose of this study was to use the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model to examine the factors that affect adherence to lifestyle prescriptions among patients with NAFLD.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with NAFLD. Reflexive thematic analysis and framework analysis were used to determine naturally identified themes and allocate them to theoretically driven domains.ResultsThirty adult patients with NAFLD were interviewed, and the identified themes were mapped directly onto the constructs of the HAPA model. This study revealed that key barriers to adhering to lifestyle prescriptions are related to the coping strategy and outcome expectation constructs of the HAPA model. For physical activity, conditional limits, lack of time, symptoms such as fatigue and poor physical fitness, and fear of sports injury are the primary barriers. Barriers to diet are mainly diet environment, mental stress, and food cravings. Key facilitators for adherence to lifestyle prescriptions include developing simple and specific action plans, coping strategies to flexibly deal with obstacles and difficulties, receiving regular feedback from doctors to improve self-efficacy, and using regular tests and behavior recording to enhance action control.ConclusionsFuture lifestyle intervention programs should pay particular attention to the planning, self-efficacy, and action control-related constructors of the HAPA model to promote the adherence of patients with NAFLD to lifestyle prescriptions.
Bibliometric and visual analysis of machine learning-based research in acute kidney injury worldwide
Authors: Yu Xiang , Wu RiLiGe , Ji YuWei , Feng Zhe 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical complication associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. In recent years, with the rapid popularization of electronic health records and artificial intelligence machine learning technology, the detection rate and treatment of AKI have been greatly improved. At present, there are many studies in this field, and a large number of articles have been published, but we do not know much about the quality of research production in this field, as well as the focus and trend of current research.MethodsBased on the Web of Science Core Collection, studies reporting machine learning-based AKI research that were published from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved and collected after manual review. VOSviewer and other software were used for bibliometric visualization analysis, including publication trends, geographical distribution characteristics, journal distribution characteristics, author contributions, citations, funding source characteristics, and keyword clustering.ResultsA total of 336 documents were analyzed. Since 2018, publications and citations have increased dramatically, with the United States (143) and China (101) as the main contributors. Regarding authors, Bihorac, A and Ozrazgat-Baslanti, T from the University of Florida have published 10 articles. Regarding institutions, the University of California (18) had the most publications. Approximately 1/3 of the publications were published in Q1 and Q2 journals, of which Scientific Reports (19) was the most prolific journal. Tomašev et al.'s study that was published in 2019 has been widely cited by researchers. The results of cluster analysis of co-occurrence keywords suggest that the construction of AKI prediction model related to critical patients and sepsis patients is the research frontier, and XGBoost algorithm is also popular.ConclusionThis study first provides an updated perspective on machine learning-based AKI research, which may be beneficial for subsequent researchers to choose suitable journals and collaborators and may provide a more convenient and in-depth understanding of the research basis, hotspots and frontiers.