bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specular microscopic changes of corneal endothelial cells after phacoemulsification in patients with pseudoexfoliation
Authors: Yousef Hassan S. , Amer Ibrahim , Thabet Shymaa A.A. 
Published: December 2022

Background and aim
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is an age-related ocular disorder that is known to be linked with early development of cataract. Phacoemulsification, a cataract surgery, is thought to carry higher risk of complication in patients with PEX. This study aimed to evaluate the corneal endothelial cell changes before and after phacoemulsification in pseudoexfoliative patients relative to healthy adults.

Patients and methods
In total, 100 eyes of 100 patients were enrolled in this prospective nonrandomized study who were divided into two groups (PEX and non-PEX patients). All participants were subjected to ocular examination with specular microscopy before and after phacoemulsification. Data for corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonal cells were recorded before operation and at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperative.

Results
No significant difference was detected between the two studied groups regarding ECD, CV, and hexagonality either preoperatively or postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months. However, a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative data of ECD, CV, and hexagonality was detected in each group.

Conclusion
Despite the previous conviction that phacoemulsification surgery carries more risks in eyes with PEX, the results of this study prove that phacoemulsification is a safe choice in these eyes without a higher rate of postoperative complications.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for the preoperative visualization of extra-ocular muscles in adult patients with strabismus
Authors: Shoeib Mohamed I. , Khafagy Mohamed M. , Hassan Nihal A. , Bahgat Nermeen M.M. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The aim of this study is evaluate the accuracy of AS-OCT as a pre-operative tool to measure extra-ocular muscles insertion distance prior to strabismus surgery.

Methods:
It was a cross sectional observational study including 35 patients were imaged by AS-OCT and operated upon, intraoperative measurment of MR and LR muscles insertion distance was done.

Results:
There was a statically significant difference between AS-OCT and intra-operative measurements in case of LR muscle.

Conclusion:
AS-OCT is a useful non-contact tool in measuring MR muscle insertion distance.
Optical coherence tomography changes in Egyptian patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: ElShaarawi Mostafa S. , Gaafar Ayman A. , Shalaby Hisham S. , Abdelgawad Randa H.A. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Brain imaging of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) shows evidence of neurodegeneration and inflammation. The retina is believed to be a prolongation of the central nervous system, and therefore optical coherence tomography readings may give an insight into the pathogenesis of MDD.

Patients and methods
An observational controlled cross-sectional study was performed at Ain Shams University Hospitals from September 2018 to December 2019. Optical coherence tomography was used to compare a group of 30 patients with MDD with a control group of 28 healthy individuals. Measurements recorded were macular thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IP) thickness.

Results
Patients with MDD demonstrated significant macular thinning in all zones of the ETDRS map except the central zone bilaterally, and the inner nasal and inner lower zones in right eye. The peripapillary RNFL thickness of patients with MDD revealed significant thinning in the superior quadrant of both eyes. The GC-IP complex of patients with MDD showed significant thinning in the whole temporal and inner lower nasal subzones of the right eye and the upper nasal and lower temporal subfields of the left eye.

Conclusion
Patients with MDD showed reduced thickness of the macula, RNFL, and GC-IP. This may indicate that MDD involves an element of neurodegeneration, such as evidenced in gray matter changes.
Arabic translation and revalidation of the Lacrimal system symptom questionnaire for recording outcome in adult lacrimal surgery
Authors: Ahmed Islam S.H. , Idriss Hesham F. , Ashry Mona H. , Massry Youssef El 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
To provide an Arabic translated, cross-culturally adapted version of the Lacrimal System Questionnaire (Lac-Q) and to validate the translated version.

Materials and methods
Arabic translation of the Lac-Q passed four stages: forward translation of the original English version to Arabic, backward translation to English, comparison of the original and the backward translated versions, and then a final review of the created Arabic version by an expert committee. Revalidation involved asking each participant after signing an informed consent to complete the Arabic version of the Lac-Q preoperatively, 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The surgical success was assessed 12 weeks postoperatively by Jones test 1 and by asking the patients to complete a satisfaction form with the surgical outcome. The patient reported being ‘satisfied’ or ‘not satisfied’ according to the improvement of the symptoms and if he/she believed further treatment was required.

Results
The Arabic version of the questionnaire was completed by 39 patients, where 11 of them had bilateral surgery done in the same sitting. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between patients’ social and eye symptom scores (preoperatively and 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively). Good internal consistency and test–retest reliability were confirmed by calculated Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. In addition, good discriminative validity was confirmed by a statistically significant difference between the scores of the diseased eye before the surgery and the eyes treated surgically. The score difference between the patients with successful and failed surgeries was statistically significant confirming good responsiveness of the studied version.

Conclusion
The Arabic version of the Lac-Q is a valuable tool to assess the lacrimal symptoms.
Refractive changes following yttrium aluminum garnet laser capsulotomy in pseudophakic patients
Authors: Alkassaby Maie H. , Elbakry Amr A. , Salah Yehia M. , Moussa Rasha M. , Sidky Mohamed K. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
To study the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd : YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on refraction and best-corrected visual acuity in pseudophakic eyes.

Patients and methods
This retrospective nonrandomized analytic study included 110 eyes (n=100 patients) with posterior capsular opacification following a phacoemulsification with foldable hydrophobic intraocular lens implantation surgery. Thorough ophthalmological examinations were performed for all subjects before and after YAG capsulotomy. The best-corrected visual acuity, refractive sphere, and refractive cylinder calculations before and one month after the capsulotomy were recorded.

Results
Patients’ mean±SD age at the time of surgery was 61.35±14.46 years. The mean±SD refractive sphere changed toward a myopic shift from 0.04±1.78 before capsulotomy to −0.40±1.43 after capsulotomy. The mean±SD refractive cylinder was −1.67±1.45 before capsulotomy and changed to −1.42±1.16 after capsulotomy, making a mild hyperopic shift. Changes in the axis of the cylinder were not statistically significant. A significant improvement was seen in the best-corrected visual acuity from 0.49±0.33 before capsulotomy to 0.23±0.22 after capsulotomy (P<0.001).

Conclusion
Visual acuity (best-corrected visual acuity) was significantly enhanced following the Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy, and therefore, it is suggested that Nd : YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe and effective alternative treatment for posterior capsular opacification. There are significant changes in the refractive sphere toward a myopic shift following the YAG laser capsulotomy and a significant change in the refractive cylinder toward a hyperopic shift, whereas there were no significant changes in the cylinder axis.
Assessment of frontline health workers in providing services for malaria elimination in the tribal district of Mandla, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Rajvanshi Harsh , Islam Farzana , Kashyap Varun , Pathak Rambha , Agarwalla Rashmi , Gupta Ekta , Lal Altaf A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) are the frontline health staff that provide essential health care services, including diagnosis and treatment of malaria. To support India’s malaria-free goal by 2030, a project known as the Malaria Elimination Demonstration Project (MEDP) in the tribal district of Mandla was initiated. This study assessed the capabilities of ASHAs and ANMs of Mandla district to diagnose and treat malaria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the 71 sub-centers and their villages where at least one positive malaria case was diagnosed in 2019. Pre-designed and validated tools were used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of ASHAs and ANMs. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions.

Results:
Malaria is the fifth priority of the ASHAs and ANMs of Mandla district. Good level of knowledge regarding malaria etiology, diagnosis, and prevention was found, but the ability to treat a malaria case as per the national drug policy was below expectations. Frequent and prolonged stockouts of drugs and diagnostics were found. Logistic regressions revealed better capacity of ANMs to dispense correct treatment as compared to the ASHAs. Improvement was seen in the ASHAs ability to interpret rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results following trainings by MEDP Mandla.

Conclusion:
There is a need to increase the capabilities of the frontline health staff of Mandla for malaria diagnosis and treatment. Continuous trainings and a robust supply chain management system is required to equip the ASHAs and ANMs to effectively deliver malaria diagnosis and treatment services.
Utility of Flow Cytometry in Diagnosis of Acute Leukemias: A Study at RIMS, Ranchi, India
Authors: Mahto Sunil K. , Prasad Niraj 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Leukemia is a neoplastic disorder originating in a hematopoietic cell that has undergone an intrinsic change, causing it to escape from the normal restraints imposed on proliferative activity. Immunophenotyping is now the preferred method for diagnosing, classifying, staging and monitoring the disease progression as well as response to therapy.

Material and Method:
The material of the present study consisted of 51 patients suffering from hematological malignancies who attended and /or were admitted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during the period from March 2018 to August 2019.

Results:
A total of 51 cases were diagnosed as acute leukemia on microscopic examination. On immunophenotyping, 36 cases (70.6%) were diagnosed as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), 15 cases (29.4%) were diagnosed as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). ALL cases were further divided into B-Cell ALL and T-Cell ALL with 8 cases (15.7%) and 7 cases (13.7%) respectively. Cytogenetics could not be done for these cases due to non-availability of the set-up for the same at the institute.

Conclusion:
Flowcytometry can be a great tool in diagnosis and categorisation of leukemia especially at centres where cytogenetics is not available.
A community-level educational intervention trail to study the impact of life style modification in control of hypertension and diabetes- A non-randomized trial (Before and after intervention study without control)
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Modi Bhavesh , Mary Lavanya , Manjula R , Santhosh P , Saxena Deepak 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dietary habits and physical inactivity are related to the risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes and Hypertension, of which burdens are increasing all over the world. . It is essential that lifestyle modification and nondrug treatment measures such as health education, reduction in weight through regular exercise, changing in eating patterns is essential to control of Diabetes and Hypertension. Hence the present study is taken up with objectives.

Objectives:
1. to assess and compare the impact of health education on life style modification (diet modification) on control of hypertension and diabetes of intervention group. 2. To assess and compare the practice of changed pattern of life style modification (diet modification) of known hypertensives and diabetics with continuous health education module and follow up.

Methodology:
This community-level education intervention trial to reduce the burden of Non communicable diseases (hypertension and diabetes) was conducted in coastal Karnataka. The study was taken up in a rural area of coastal Karnataka . A specific module for physical activity, diet modification separately for hypertension and diabetics was prepared by experts and this specific module trained social worker introduced diet modification, exercise pattern and habits to the village enrolled participants with involvement of family member who actually cooks at home for 2 months.

Results:
In the study subjects, it was observed that, the subjects who had higher systolic and diastolic pressure before intervention, changed to the lower levels after intervention. Though the change in blood pressure is not statistically significant. The intervention of overall lifestyle intervention, there was increased subjects with Hb1Ac in the range of 7-9% and reduced subjects with Hb1Ac of >9.1%. Though it was not statistically significant. There was significant improvement in the mean duration of physical activity in order to control the hypertension and Diabetes mellitus. We also noticed that there was reduction in the sedentary hours, though the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
Life style intervention with continuous monitoring is essential to bring down the blood pressure and diabetic sugars. We donot need doctors alone to bring the life style modifications and the health workers can initiate it in the villages. The intervention of life style modifications have brought in better care and quality of life in the villages compared to control village.
Reasons and solutions for unhealthy food consumption and physical inactivity among school-going adolescents: A sequential mixed-methods study in Puducherry, South India
Authors: Nancy S. , Rahman K. Mujibur , Kumar S. Sathish , Sofia S. , Robins M. Amala 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Unhealthy food consumption and physical inactivity in adolescents play a key role in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Objectives: The study was planned to capture the reasons and solutions for unhealthy food consumption and physical inactivity among school-going adolescents.

Methods:
A school-based sequential mixed-methods study was conducted in Puducherry for six months. In Phase I, a survey (QUAN) was carried out among 405 representative students from 9th to 12th standards to identify the reasons for unhealthy behaviors. Then, Phase II compromised two focus group discussions (FGDs) (QUAL) with 20 purposively selected school staff, parents, and healthcare professionals to explore the solutions for unhealthy behaviors. In Phase III, the key action points were ranked (QUAL) by 60 teachers. Quantitative data was analyzed in Epi_Info 7.1.5.0 software (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia, US). Thematic content analysis was done for the qualitative data in Atlas.ti.9 software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin). Further, mean rank and Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W) were calculated for the ranked data in SPSS 24 software (SPSS Inc; Chicago, Illinois, USA).

Results:
About 70.1% of students had unhealthy food consumption and 61% of students lacked physical activity. Notably, 59.9% of males preferred unhealthy foods, and 65.2% of females were physically inactive. The leading reasons for unhealthy eating habits were taste (78.9%), increased online food delivery (75.7%), and attractive advertisements (74.3%). Whereas, the prime reasons for sedentary behaviors were increased study load (81.8%), high-density traffic (74.9%), and insufficient recreational facilities (71.7%).

Conclusion:
The prioritized feasible action points would help in the development of context-specific behavior change communication strategies for future health promotion interventions in resource-poor settings.
Effect of negative pressure wound therapy on wound thermometry in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Meena Ram Niwas , Pratap Arvind , Verma Awgesh Kumar , Ansari Mumtaz Ahmad , Mishra Shashi Prakash 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is the treatment of choice for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and the role of NPWT in the management of DFU is limited. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of NPWT versus conventional dressing (CD) on wound healing in DFU.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 55 patients were included and divided into two groups: 23 patients were treated with NPWT and 32 patients with CD. The NPWT dressings were changed every 7 days, while the CDs were changed daily. Wound culture sensitivity, wound size, granulation tissue, and pain evaluation (assessed by Visual Analog Scale) were all measured at the start and 3 weeks or until the ulcer was healed. The wound margin temperature was measured at four random sites for thermometric evaluation, and normal limb temperature was also measured for comparison. Patients’ satisfaction and treatment costs were also compared.

Results:
On days 14 and 21, the wound size was reduced significantly in the NPWT group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The percentage reduction in wound size from baseline to days 7, 14, and 21 was significantly higher in the NPWT group (P = 0.013, P = 0.001, and P = 0.029, respectively). On days 7, 14, and 21, the granulation tissue score was significantly higher in the NPWT group (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). On days 14 and 21, the mean VAS score was significantly low in the NPWT group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The majority of wounds in the NPWT group were sterile on day 21 compared to those in the CD group (P = 0.008). The majority of patients in the NPWT group had excellent patient satisfaction (P < 0.001). The average material cost was significantly higher in the NPWT group (P = 0.001). The mean wound temperature of the affected limb was significantly higher compared to that of the unaffected limb (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In terms of early formation of granulation tissue, faster wound size reduction, less discomfort, and patient satisfaction, the study indicated that NPWT appeared to be superior. An initial rise in temperature in a DFU may indicate the presence of a pre-ulcerative lesion.
Alcune osservazioni sull’uso dei paradigmi verbali nell’italiano L2: l’italiano per gli affari
Authors: Lenassi Nives 
Published: December 2022

Nella produzione dei testi di corrispondenza italiana i comunicatori sloveni provenienti dal mondo del lavoro spesso affrontano con insicurezza la verbalizzazione dei complessi rapporti aspettuali, temporali e modali previsti dal sistema verbale italiano. Tali insicurezze sono evidenti sia nei testi redatti dai parlanti con un’elevata competenza linguistico-comunicativa sia in quelli composti da comunicatori che possiedono un repertorio linguistico più limitato. Questi ultimi sono anche più propensi a comporre messaggi molto sintetici, con una gamma piuttosto ristretta di paradigmi verbali anche nelle situazioni in cui le esigenze e gli scopi comunicativi richiederebbero la redazione di un testo più esteso.
Visti i disagi dei non madrelingua, ci si è chiesti quanto spazio dedicano vari libri di testo per l’italiano per gli affari alle attività il cui obiettivo è lo sviluppo della competenza relativa alla conoscenza e all’uso dei paradigmi verbali nell’ambito della corrispondenza commerciale. La ricerca dimostra che – in dipendenza da vari parametri quali il livello QCER dei singoli libri di testo, il loro orientamento più o meno comunicativo, l’importanza ascritta alla corrispondenza commerciale ecc. – possiamo constatare notevoli differenze tra i materiali analizzati in quanto alla presenza delle attività e ai paradigmi verbali trattati in esse. Un numero maggiore di attività e una loro distribuzione proporzionata nella prassi glottodidattica potrebbe sensibilizzare gli utenti/apprendenti a un’attenzione più focalizzata e accurata nel riconoscere l’insieme degli elementi che stimolano l’uso di singoli paradigmi verbali nei testi di corrispondenza commerciale. L’obiettivo di tale approccio ovvero sensibilizzazione è quello di giungere prima a una comprensione adeguata dei testi e dopo a una stesura dei messaggi pragmaticamente efficaci.
Synthesis of some new thiophene-based compounds and evaluations of their cytotoxic activities
Authors: S. Mehdhar Fatima , Y. A. Alzahrani Abdullah , Abdel-Galil Ebrahim , E. Abdel-Ghani Ghada , Saeed Ali , Abdel-Latif Ehab 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT. A series of new thiophene derivatives was prepared through nucleophilic substitution reactions of the precursor N-(4-substituted-phenyl)-5-(2-chloroacetamido)-4-cyano-3-methylthiophene-2-‎carboxamides 4a and 4b with different sulfur and/or nitrogen nucleophilic reagents (namely; mercaptoacetic acid, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 5-(phenylamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, 2-mercapto-4,6-dimethylnicotinonitrile, 3-arylazo-4-mercapto-4-(phenylamino)-but-3-en-one derivatives, ammonium thiocyanate, piperidine and/or morpholine). The structures of the prepared thiophene compounds were characterized by spectral analysis. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated against two human cancer cell lines (HepG2 and MCF-7) and indicated promising results. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with the tested compound 4b sensitized the cells to the cytotoxicity of sorafenib, leading to a significant decrease in the IC50 from 3.9 to 0.5 µM.

KEY WORDS: N-(Thienyl)-2-chloroacetamide, Bis-thiophene, Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine, Ammonium thiocyanate, Cytotoxicity

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 373-389.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.10