bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Node and edge averaged complexities of local graph problems
Authors: Balliu Alkida , Ghaffari Mohsen , Kuhn Fabian , Olivetti Dennis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe continue the recently started line of work on the distributed node-averaged complexity of distributed graph algorithms. The node-averaged complexity of a distributed algorithm running on a graph$$G=(V,E)$$G=(V,E)is the average over the times at which the nodesVofGfinish their computation and commit to their outputs. We study the node-averaged complexity for some of the central distributed symmetry breaking problems and provide the following results (among others). As our main result, we show that the randomized node-averaged complexity of computing a maximal independent set (MIS) inn-node graphs of maximum degree$$\Delta $$Δis at least$$\Omega \big (\min \big \{\frac{\log \Delta }{\log \log \Delta },\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log \log n}}\big \}\big )$$Ω(min{logΔloglogΔ,lognloglogn}). This bound is obtained by a novel adaptation of the well-known lower bound by Kuhn, Moscibroda, and Wattenhofer [JACM’16]. As a side result, we obtain that the worst-case randomized round complexity for computing an MIS in trees is also$$\Omega \big (\min \big \{\frac{\log \Delta }{\log \log \Delta },\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log \log n}}\big \}\big )$$Ω(min{logΔloglogΔ,lognloglogn})—this essentially answers open problem 11.15 in the book by Barenboim and Elkin and resolves the complexity of MIS on trees up to an$$O(\sqrt{\log \log n})$$O(loglogn)factor. We also show that, perhaps surprisingly, a minimal relaxation of MIS, which is the same as (2, 1)-ruling set, to the (2, 2)-ruling set problem drops the randomized node-averaged complexity toO(1). For maximal matching, we show that while the randomized node-averaged complexity is$$\Omega \big (\min \big \{\frac{\log \Delta }{\log \log \Delta },\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log \log n}}\big \}\big )$$Ω(min{logΔloglogΔ,lognloglogn}), the randomized edge-averaged complexity isO(1). Further, we show that the deterministic edge-averaged complexity of maximal matching is$$O(\log ^2\Delta + \log ^* n)$$O(log2Δ+log∗n)and the deterministic node-averaged complexity of maximal matching is$$O(\log ^3\Delta + \log ^* n)$$O(log3Δ+log∗n). Finally, we consider the problem of computing a sinkless orientation of a graph. The deterministic worst-case complexity of the problem is known to be$$\Theta (\log n)$$Θ(logn), even on bounded-degree graphs. We show that the problem can be solved deterministically with node-averaged complexity$$O(\log ^* n)$$O(log∗n), while keeping the worst-case complexity in$$O(\log n)$$O(logn).
Traversability, Reconfiguration, and Reachability in the Gadget Framework
Authors: Ani Joshua , Demaine Erik D. , Diomidov Yevhenii , Hendrickson Dylan , Lynch Jayson 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsider an agent traversing a graph of “gadgets”, where each gadget has local state that changes with each traversal by the agent according to specified rules. Prior work has studied the computational complexity of deciding whether the agent can reach a specified location, a problem we call reachability. This paper introduces new goals for the agent, aiming to characterize when the computational complexity of these problems is the same or differs from that of reachability. First we characterize the complexity of universal traversal—where the goal is to traverse every gadget at least once—for DAG gadgets (partially), one-state gadgets, and reversible deterministic gadgets. Then we study the complexity of reconfiguration—where the goal is to bring the system of gadgets to a specified state. We prove many cases PSPACE-complete, and show in some cases that reconfiguration is strictly harder than reachability, while in other cases, reachability is strictly harder than reconfiguration.
Using averaged models from 4D ultrasound strain imaging allows to significantly differentiate local wall strains in calcified regions of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Hegner Achim , Wittek Andreas , Derwich Wojciech , Huß Armin , Gámez Antonio J. , Blase Christopher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms are a degenerative disease of the aorta associated with high mortality. To date, in vivo information to characterize the individual elastic properties of the aneurysm wall in terms of rupture risk is lacking. We have used time-resolved 3D ultrasound strain imaging to calculate spatially resolved in-plane strain distributions characterized by mean and local maximum strains, as well as indices of local variations in strains. Likewise, we here present a method to generate averaged models from multiple segmentations. Strains were then calculated for single segmentations and averaged models. After registration with aneurysm geometries based on CT-A imaging, local strains were divided into two groups with and without calcifications and compared. Geometry comparison from both imaging modalities showed good agreement with a root mean squared error of 1.22 ± 0.15 mm and Hausdorff Distance of 5.45 ± 1.56 mm (mean ± sd, respectively). Using averaged models, circumferential strains in areas with calcifications were 23.2 ± 11.7% (mean ± sd) smaller and significantly distinguishable at the 5% level from areas without calcifications. For single segmentations, this was possible only in 50% of cases. The areas without calcifications showed greater heterogeneity, larger maximum strains, and smaller strain ratios when computed by use of the averaged models. Using these averaged models, reliable conclusions can be made about the local elastic properties of individual aneurysm (and long-term observations of their change), rather than just group comparisons. This is an important prerequisite for clinical application and provides qualitatively new information about the change of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in the course of disease progression compared to the diameter criterion.
eHealth literacy, internet and eHealth service usage: a survey among a German municipality
Authors: Cramer Alin , Keinki Christian , Saur Franz , Walter Stefanie , Hübner Jutta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
The aim of our study was to investigate health literacy and digital skills, as well as the Internet usage of a representative small town in the federal state of Thuringia in Germany.

Subject and methods
We asked the citizens to fill out a standardized questionnaire concerning digital health literacy.

Results
We received 488 questionnaires, and 76.4% of the population are willing to use digital media for health purposes in the future. There was no significant association between age and eHealth related services. Several factors showed an association between low education levels and understanding digital health information, as well as finding digital health information trustworthy. Almost everyone with a higher educational qualification generally understands Internet content on health topics quite well.

Conclusion
In order for the population as well as the health system to benefit from the digital transformation, the focus should be on equipping citizens with sufficient digital skills.
Investigating the influence of work-related stress on early labour market exit: the role of health
Authors: Toczek Lisa , Peter Richard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. Despite political efforts, many people retire before the statutory retirement age. A well-known predictor of retirement is health, which, in turn, is influenced by psychosocial working conditions such as work-related stress. This study examined whether work stress is associated with early labour market exit. In addition, we investigated whether health mediates this association. Survey data of the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation (lidA study) were linked to register data from the Federal Employment Agency, from which information on labour market exit was obtained (n = 3636). During a 6-year follow-up period, Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the influence of work-related stress and health on early labour market exit, adjusting for sex, age, education, occupational status, income and supervisor behaviour. Work-related stress was measured by effort–reward imbalance (ERI). Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate a possible mediation of the association between ERI and early labour market exit by self-rated health. Higher work-related stress increased the likelihood of early labour market exit (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.19–2.92). However, when including health in the Cox regression, the significant effect of work-related stress disappeared. Poor health was a risk factor for early labour market exit (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.26–1.76) independent of all confounders. The results of the mediation analysis showed that self-rated health mediated the association between ERI and early labour market exit. The balance between effort and reward at work plays a major role in improving the self-rated health of workers. Interventions that reduce work-related stress can help to improve health and thus to maintain older employees in the German labour market.
HIV Focused Sexual Risk-Reduction Interventions Targeting Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kanyemba Roselyn , Govender Kaymarlin , Dzomba Armstrong , Mashamba Tivani P. , Mantell Joanne E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdolescent girls and young women’s exceptionalism with HIV interventions has left adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) trailing behind, thus becoming a marginalized and underserved population. The scoping review aimed to provide an overview of interventions that have targeted sexual risk behaviors in ABYM in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the previous 21 years with critical insights on ‘what works’ in preventing the sexual transmission of HIV. A scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (in Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19–32, 16) framework and the 2015 Johanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines was conducted. A search of literature published between 2000 and 2020 was reviewed and twenty nine interventions from nine Sub Saharan African countries that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed. The review provides evidence on the successes and the limitations of sexual risk behavior interventions for ABYM in SSA. There is clear and consistent evidence that interventions reduce sexual risk behaviors in adolescent boys and young men. Their efficiency seems to grow with the length and intensity of the intervention. Positive effects were generally observed in condom use and on measures of HIV knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviors as well as uptake of HIV tests and voluntary male circumcision. This review shows that sexual-risk interventions engaging men and boys in SSA are promising and warrant further rigorous development in terms of conceptualization, design and evaluation.
Numerical Investigation of Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia/Hydrogen/n-Heptane Engine Under RCCI Operating Conditions
Authors: Xu Leilei , Bai Xue-Song 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the potential of using ammonia (NH$$_3$$

3

) as a primary fuel in heavy-duty engines for decarbonization, with some challenges yet to be addressed. It presents a numerical study of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition engine, where pilot diesel is used to ignite the premixed ammonia/air mixture. The numerical model and combustion mechanism are validated against engine experimental results using methanol and iso-octane fuels and ignition delay times of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures measured in a rapid compression machine. The findings show that the engine can effectively operate with up to 50% of the total energy supplied by premixed ammonia, albeit with slightly elevated NO emissions compared to a diesel-fueled engine. Increasing ammonia further leads to lower combustion efficiency. Hydrogen can be utilized in the ammonia engine to enhance ammonia combustion; however, NO emissions increase further. Ammonia leakage primarily originates from regions near the cold wall, the center of the cylinder, and the crevice. N$$_2$$

2

O mainly forms at the ammonia flame front. Emission of N$$_2$$

2

O is therefore mainly due to flame front quenching near the wall.
Leaf litter arthropods show little response to structural retention in a Central European forest
Authors: Ruppert Laura-Sophia , Staab Michael , Klingenfuß Sara , Rappa Nolan J. , Frey Julian , Segelbacher Gernot 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDecomposition of leaf litter is a central process of energy and nutrient cycling in forests, in which arthropods hold important roles. Thus, safeguarding the diversity of organisms including arthropods is increasingly being considered in contemporary forestry, not least to facilitate continued ecosystem functioning. Retention forestry tries to achieve biodiversity conservation by preservation of tree structural elements such as deadwood and tree microhabitats to provide more heterogeneous habitat. Leaf litter arthropods are, however, only indirectly connected with tree structure, which raises the question if and how the currently practised retention forestry influences the leaf litter arthropod community. As the leaf litter arthropod community includes a very diverse range of taxa that is challenging to identify morphologically, we sampled environmental DNA from leaf litter on 66 plots in the Black Forest in southern Germany that were distributed over gradients of forest and landscape features and differed in forest management intensity. We found that the richness of operational taxonomic units, a surrogate for species, was not related to forest structure but tended to increase with recent harvest intensity (which did not exceed a medium harvest intensity on our plots). Community composition was related to the share of coniferous trees present on a plot, and to a lesser extend to elevation and leaf litter coverage. Our results indicate that the leaf litter arthropod community is not responsive towards different degrees of forest structural changes introduced by management as long as the forest type is retained.
Solving the fixed gravimetric boundary value problem by the finite element method using mapped infinite elements.
Authors: Macák Marek , Minarechová Zuzana , Tomek Lukáš , Čunderlík Róbert , Mikula Karol 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe numerical approach for solving the fixed gravimetric boundary value problem (FGBVP) based on the finite element method (FEM) with mapped infinite elements is developed and implemented. In this approach, the 3D semi-infinite domain outside the Earth is bounded by the triangular discretization of the whole Earth’s surface and extends to infinity. Then the FGBVP consists of the Laplace equation for unknown disturbing potential which holds in the domain, the oblique derivative boundary condition (BC) given directly at computational nodes on the Earth’s surface, and regularity of the disturbing potential at infinity. In this way, it differs from previous FEM approaches, since the numerical solution is not fixed by the Dirichlet BC on some part of the boundary of the computational domain. As a numerical method, the FEM with finite and mapped infinite triangular prisms has been derived and implemented. In experiments, at first, a convergence of the proposed numerical scheme to the exact solution is tested. Afterwards, a numerical study is focused on a reconstruction of the harmonic function (EGM2008) above the Earth’s topography. Here, a special discretization of the Earth’s surface which is able to fulfil the conditions that arise from correct geometrical properties of finite elements, and it is suitable for parallel computing is implemented. The obtained solutions at nodes on the Earth’s surface as well as nodes that lie approximately at the altitude of the GOCE satellite mission have been tested.
Exploring Consumer Detriment in Immersive Gaming Technologies
Authors: Hyde R. , Cartwright P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent technological advances have led to immersive consumer experiences becoming increasingly common. However, there has been relatively little discussion of the consumer detriment that results from the exploitation of immersion. In this article, we argue that a consumer who is immersed is particularly susceptible to detriment because of their immersion and that the law on unfair commercial practices can, and should, play a central role in addressing this. The focus is upon immersion in videogames, but the lessons drawn extend to other areas.
The Impacts of Removing Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Increasing Carbon Taxation in Ireland
Authors: de Bruin Kelly , Yakut Aykut Mert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThough the magnitude of fossil fuel subsidies eclipses carbon pricing revenues, policies and economic literature focus on carbon taxation. This paper aims to show that removing fossil fuel subsidies can reduce emissions as much as carbon taxation without making producers and consumers worse off. Using a dynamic intertemporal CGE model of Ireland, we compare removing eight Irish fossil fuel subsidies and increasing the carbon tax to €100 per tonne by 2030. We find that both policies result in similar emission reductions. Carbon taxation results in lower negative GDP and investment impacts, whereas subsidy removal results in lower negative employment impacts, higher revenues, an improved trade balance and lower debt. The impacts across sectors and households are distributed more evenly under a carbon tax, where subsidy removal results in extreme impacts for specific sectors and households. Excluding households’ subsidies from removal can alleviate these household distributional impacts at no cost to emission reduction. With revenue recycling reducing tax rates, a double-dividend is found at the expense of worsened income distribution. The economic benefit of revenue recycling is greater when removing subsidies than with carbon taxation and results confirm the importance of fossil fuel subsidies in climate policy.
Prevalence of Number, Number Relations, and Number Operations Indicators in State Early Learning Standards
Authors: Gable Sara , Fozi Afiah Mohd 
Published: July 2023

AbstractState Early Learning Standards (ELS) are multi-function tools that inform early childhood instruction and practices. Using an established framework of early numerical development, this study assessed the prevalence of number, number relations, and number operations indicators in ELS, specifically indicators of counting, numeral knowledge, cardinality, relations among quantity and number, and operations. The type of quantity representation and the set sizes, or upper limits, assigned to counting, subitizing, and cardinality were also summarized. State ELS were organized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 23) included states with one set of indicators for preschool (e.g., ages three to five years) and Group 2 (n = 27) included states with at least two sets of indicators for preschool (e.g., 36 to 48 months and 48 to 60 months). Key findings include: (1) how states organize their ELS is associated with level of consensus for the upper limits and set sizes associated with counting and cardinality; (2) notable variability in the prevalence of early number indicators with gaps for indicators of advanced counting, cardinal principle knowledge, symbolic number relations, and ordering; and, (3) differences in how ELS address the type of quantity representation. Results are intended to highlight strengths and shortcomings of state ELS for number, number relations, and number operations and to offer considerations for future revisions.
Infection and Vaccine Induced Spike Antibody Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in COVID-19-Naïve Children and Adults
Authors: Pillay Aleha , Yeola Avani , Tea Fiona , Denkova Martina , Houston Samuel , Burrell Rebecca , Merheb Vera , Lee Fiona X. Z. , Lopez Joseph A. , Moran Lilly , Jadhav Ajay , Sterling Katrina , Lai Catherine L. , Vitagliano Tennille L. , Aggarwal Anupriya , Catchpoole Dan , Wood Nicholas , Phan Tri Giang , Nanan Ralph , Hsu Peter , Turville Stuart G. , Britton Philip N. , Brilot Fabienne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough a more efficient adaptive humoral immune response has been proposed to underlie the usually favorable outcome of pediatric COVID-19, the breadth of viral and vaccine cross-reactivity toward the ever-mutating Spike protein among variants of concern (VOCs) has not yet been compared between children and adults. We assessed antibodies to conformational Spike in COVID-19-naïve children and adults vaccinated by BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, and naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 Early Clade, Delta, and Omicron. Sera were analyzed against Spike including naturally occurring VOCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1.1, BA2.75.2, and XBB.1, and variants of interest Epsilon, Kappa, Eta, D.2, and artificial mutant Spikes. There was no notable difference between breadth and longevity of antibody against VOCs in children and adults. Vaccinated individuals displayed similar immunoreactivity profiles across variants compared with naturally infected individuals. Delta-infected patients had an enhanced cross-reactivity toward Delta and earlier VOCs compared to patients infected by Early Clade SARS-CoV-2. Although Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1.1, BA2.75.2, and XBB.1 antibody titers were generated after Omicron infection, cross-reactive binding against Omicron subvariants was reduced across all infection, immunization, and age groups. Some mutations, such as 498R and 501Y, epistatically combined to enhance cross-reactive binding, but could not fully compensate for antibody-evasive mutations within the Omicron subvariants tested. Our results reveal important molecular features central to the generation of high antibody titers and broad immunoreactivity that should be considered in future vaccine design and global serosurveillance in the context of limited vaccine boosters available to the pediatric population.
Adaptive piecewise linear relaxations for enclosure computations for nonconvex multiobjective mixed-integer quadratically constrained programs
Authors: Link Moritz , Volkwein Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for computing an enclosure of the nondominated set of multiobjective mixed-integer quadratically constrained programs without any convexity requirements is presented. In fact, our criterion space method makes use of piecewise linear relaxations in order to bypass the nonconvexity of the original problem. The method chooses adaptively which level of relaxation is needed in which parts of the image space. Furthermore, it is guaranteed that after finitely many iterations, an enclosure of the nondominated set of prescribed quality is returned. We demonstrate the advantages of this approach by applying it to multiobjective energy supply network problems.