bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical similarity in field theories
Authors: Sloan David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In previous work I have shown that Herglotz actions reproduce the dynamics of classical mechanical theories which exhibit dynamical similarities. Recent work has shown how to extend field theories in both the Lagrangian and de Donder-Weyl formalism to contact geometry (Gaset et al 2020 Ann. Phys., NY
414 168092; 2021 Rep. Math. Phys.
87 347–68; 2022 arXiv:2211.17058). In this article I show how dynamical similarity applies in field theory. This is applied in both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian frameworks, producing the contact equivalents. The result can be applied to general relativity where I demonstrate how to construct a complete description of the dynamics, equivalent to those derived from the Einstein–Hilbert action, without reference to the conformal factor.
Neutral gas temperature of adamantane in a radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma electrothermal micro-thruster using optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Thimthana , Davoodianidalik Mahdi , Tsifakis Dimitrios , Boswell Roderick W , Charles Christine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The gas temperature of adamantane plasma in a 13.56 MHz radio-frequency (RF) inductively coupled plasma was measured using optical emission spectroscopy. Rovibrational band fitting of the Second Positive System of nitrogen gas (N2) from the addition of N2 and Swan system of homo-nuclear carbons (C2) from adamantane dissociation were used to obtain the gas temperature through the rotational temperature under the assumption of rotational-translational equilibrium. The measured temperature ranged from 400 to 700 K, increasing with RF power range from 10 to 100 W and adamantane flow rate from 0.25 to 1 mg s−1, with discharge pressures up to a few Torr. The energy released during adamantane dissociation contributed to a slight temperature increase compared to conventional pure N2 plasma. Adding a large amount of helium (He) acted as a quencher, reducing the gas temperature. In an adamantane-He mixture, the gas temperature remained stable at mid-range power and at lower adamantane flow rates. Justification of gas temperature and a simple power balance model were described. Applications of adamantane spectroscopy include propulsion, plasma processing, and astrophysics, with the inclusion of future studies.
Impact of temperature on the PDIV of induction motor turn insulation analogy in dry air
Authors: Šefl Ondřej , Färber Raphael , Franck Christian M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This work investigates the impact of temperature on the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of an induction motor turn insulation analogy in dry air. This analogy consist of a pair of contacting aluminum electrodes coated with a ≈60–80 µm-thick layer of polymer. Based on a previously published breakdown prediction model and references found in the literature, the PDIV variance due to temperature is assumed to be mainly affected by the coating’s relative permittivity—a function of temperature and test voltage frequency—and the density of ambient air. To separate and investigate these effects individually, perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) and polyamide (PA) coatings are used. The relative permittivity of PFA is almost invariant to both temperature and frequency within the ranges examined in the work (25 ∘C–105 ∘C and 10–50 000 Hz, respectively), whereas PA’s shows a substantial dependence on both. PDIV and PD extinction voltage (PDEV) values obtained from measurements over the temperature and frequency ranges are compared to predictions obtained from the breakdown model and good agreement with a maximum deviation of 100 V (peak) is obtained for the PA samples. For PFA samples, measurement challenges and substantial differences between the PDIV and the corresponding PDEV due to PFA’s characteristic properties are discussed. In view of these limitations, the agreement between the model and the experiment is also considered satisfactory for PFA. The provided model, which considers only thermally-induced changes in the coating’s permittivity and air density, is regarded as suitable for predicting the PDIV in systems similar to the turn insulation of induction motors, under the influence of temperature and assuming negligible ambient air humidity.
Plasma treatment of water and wastewater as a promising approach to promote plant growth
Authors: Čechová Ludmila , Marinova Plamena , Benova Evgenia , Topalova Yana , Yotinov Ivaylo , Todorova Yovana , Šimoníková Lucie , Novotný Karel , Buday Jakub , Modlitbová Pavlína , Kozáková Zdenka , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef , Krčma František 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plasma agriculture as a novel approach started to gain more attention in the last decade. In this work, the effect of plasma activated water (PAW) prepared with different plasma sources from three types of water on germination and growth of Cucumis melo L. was studied. The best effect of PAW from distilled water on the growth of seedlings was observed when prepared using the surface-wave-sustained microwave discharge. The effect of artificially prepared plasma activated water (ArtPAW) was studied, however, it was found that while ArtPAW may cause similar effects to the plasma PAW, the effect is not as significant and consistent. Further, PAW was prepared from tap and wastewater. It was found that PAW from wastewater has positive effects on both germination of the seeds and the growth of the seedlings. The root elongation of C. melo after application of plasma treated wastewater increased up to 130% compared to the control. Moreover, it was found that plants grown in PAW from wastewater contained significantly higher concentrations of plant nutrients. Therefore, it shows a promising approach for the application of non-thermal plasma in plant fertilization and a method of wastewater reuse after plasma treatment.
An advanced fault diagnosis approach for wind turbine planetary gearbox based on optimized multi-layer attention denoising autoencoders
Authors: Lu Li , Wang Shudong , Yu Xinglong , Wang Tao , Li Bing , He Yigang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fault diagnosis of wind turbine planetary gearboxes is essential for maintaining their operational reliability; this paper introduces a novel method focused on fault diagnosis. Initially, raw vibration signals from the gearbox are transmitted to a data processing system where blind source separation and ensemble local mean decomposition are employed to extract sparse components. These sparse samples are used to optimize a deep fault diagnosis architecture based on multi-layer denoising autoencoders, which effectively extract fault features. By integrating the attention mechanism and chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization, the model enhances feature extraction, leading to improved fault classification accuracy. In two experiments based on different datasets, the diagnosis accuracy of fault types reaches 99.20% and 96.73%, respectively, while the diagnosis accuracy of corresponding fault severity is 99.12% and 93.60%. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of our method in the diagnosis of gearbox faults, demonstrating robust performance in complex operating environments.
Application of variable temperature gradient TOP-K knowledge distillation with model pruning in lightweight fault diagnosis for bearings
Authors: Cui Ze , Yang Qishuang , Xiong Zixiang , Gu Rongyang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, deep learning models have been extensively researched and applied in fault diagnosis. However, they often require substantial storage resources, posing challenges for deployment on embedded devices. A prevalent solution to this is leveraging knowledge distillation (KD) between teacher-student models. Through the distillation process, the student model can acquire knowledge from the teacher model without introducing additional parameters, thereby enhancing its performance. Nevertheless, when utilizing a powerful teacher model, the distillation performance is not always optimal. This is attributed to the teacher model’s significantly higher complexity compared to the student model, potentially leading to a diminished simulation effect by the student model. To address this issue, the variable-temperature gradient TOP-K KD (VTGTK-KD) method is proposed, which employs multiple pruned, medium-sized teacher models to facilitate a gradual distillation learning process. Furthermore, these models share the same architecture, fostering better knowledge transfer conditions at the logical layer. To further elevate distillation performance, VT distillation is introduced to ensure a balance between distillation speed and accuracy. Additionally, the Gradient TOP-K algorithm is utilized to eliminate erroneous knowledge from the teacher network. Ultimately, classification experiments were conducted on two bearing datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed VTGTK-KD method enhances distillation performance, surpassing other advanced KD approaches.
A modified orthogonal-distance ray-tracer method applied to dual rotation PET systems
Authors: Encarnação P M C C , Correia P M M , Silva A L M , Ribeiro F M , Castro I F , Veloso J F C A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. a new projector, orthogonal-distance ray-tracer varying-full width at half maximum (OD-RT-VF), was developed to model a shift-variant elliptical point-spread function (PSF) response to improve the image quality (IQ) of a preclinical dual-rotation PET system. Approach. the OD-RT-VF projector models different FWHM values of the PSF in multiple directions, using half-height and half-width tube-of-response (ToR) values. The OD-RT-VF method’s performance was evaluated against the original OD-RT method and a ToR model with constant response. The evaluation involved simulations of NEMA NU 4-2008 IQ and Derenzo phantoms, as well as a real mouse injected with [18F]-NaF scanned with the easyPET.3D system. Main results. the OD-RT-VF method demonstrated superior image resolution and uniformity (11.9% vs 15.9%) compared to the OD-RT model. In micro-derenzo phantom simulations, it resolved rods down to 1.0 mm, outperforming the other methods. For IQ phantom simulations, the OD-RT-VF projector at convergency achieved hot rods recovery coefficients ranging from 22.4% to 93.3% and lower spillover ratios in cold regions of 0.22 and 0.33 for air and water, respectively. For bone radiotracer imaging, OD-RT-VF produced clearer images of major skeletal parts, with less noise compared to OD-RT and better resolution compared to ToR projectors. Significance. the study shows that the OD-RT-VF projector method enhances PET imaging by providing better resolution, uniformity, and IQ. This model, in addition to a list-mode and GPU-based reconstruction addressing the data sparsity of dual-rotation PET geometries, unlocks their imaging potential for small animal imaging.
Fan-shaped electrostatic soft hydraulic actuator with enhanced pressure and robustness
Authors: Fujiyoshi Motohiro , Ozaki Takashi , Ohta Norikazu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The development of adaptable and flexible soft actuators holds significant potential in numerous fields, including medical devices, robotics, and industrial applications. However, despite their high output and rapid response, conventional hydraulic and pneumatic actuators face challenges (such as the rigidity of electromagnetic motor materials and limited installation flexibility for multiple degrees of freedom robots), which limit their use in mobile or wearable systems. Conversely, electrostatic actuators, particularly those employing the zipping principle, offer promising lightweight and efficient alternatives. This study introduces a fan-shaped electrostatic hydraulic actuator (FsEHA) designed to enhance pressure generation, reduce drive voltage, and provide stability regardless of the actuator orientation. Various configurations of the FsEHA were compared with a conventional rectangular actuator, examining the impact of geometry and internal welding lines on pressure generation and posture-dependent performance. The results demonstrate that the FsEHA with seven internal welding lines achieved a 1.9-fold increase in pressure change compared to the rectangular actuator, reaching 4.53 kPa at 6 kV. Furthermore, FsEHAs with three or more internal welding lines demonstrated stable performances across different orientations, unlike the rectangular actuator, which exhibited significant posture-dependent variability. These findings offer valuable design guidelines for soft electrostatic actuators, potentially contributing to advancements in fields such as medical instruments, robotics, and wearable technologies.
LAMOST Medium-resolution Spectroscopic Survey of Galactic Open Clusters (LAMOST-MRS-O): An Overview of Survey Plan and Preliminary Results
Authors: Zhang 张 Xi 茜 , Liu 刘 Chengzhi 承志 , Zhong 钟 Jing 靖 , Chen 陈 Li 力 , Luo 罗 Ali 阿理 , Shi 施 Jianrong 建荣 , Liu 刘 Chao 超 , Chen 陈 Jianjun 建军 , Zhang 张 Haotong 昊彤 , Hou 侯 Jinliang 金良 ,   LAMOST MRS Collaboration
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As part of the LAMOST medium-resolution spectroscopic survey, the LAMOST-MRS-O is a non-time domain survey that aims to perform medium-resolution spectral observations for member stars in the open cluster areas. This survey plans to obtain the spectroscopic parameters such as radial velocity and metal abundances of member stars and provide data support for further study on the chemical and dynamical characteristics and evolution of open clusters in combination with Gaia data. We have completed the observations on ten open cluster fields and obtained 235184 medium-resolution spectra of 133792 stars. Based on the data analyzed of LAMOST DR11v1.1, for some clusters of particular concern, it is found that the sampling ratio of members stars with Gmag < 15 mag can reach 70%, which indicates that the LAMOST-MRS-O has reached our initial design goal.
Definition of an EU-DEMO design point robust to epistemic plasma physics uncertainties
Authors: Coleman M. , Zohm H. , Bourdelle C. , Maviglia F. , Pearce A.J. , Siccinio M. , Spagnuolo A. , Wiesen S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A novel approach for explicitly and robustly accounting for epistemic uncertainties in plasma confinement in the 0D design of tokamaks is presented, in which the plasma safety factor at the 95th percentile flux surface, q
95, is used to apply a design margin on confinement in terms of the H-factor, H. The PROCESS code is used to explore the EU-DEMO design space in terms of aspect ratio, major radius, q
95, and net electric power,

P

e
l
,
n
e
t

using the above approach. A comprehensive account of the input assumptions and underlying models used is given. We formulate a proposal for a new EU-DEMO design point which addresses some key shortcomings of the previous design point (EU-DEMO 2017 (Wenninger and Kembleton 2017 Technical Report EFDA_D_2NDSKT (EUROfusion); Siccinio et al 2022 Fusion Eng. Des.
176 113047)), in particular by the inclusion of an explicit and quantified design margin for epistemic confinement uncertainties, and a considerable reduction in divertor heat loads during re-attachment. We find that self-consistently including a size-able margin on confinement using our approach considerably reduces the potential

P

e
l
,
n
e
t

of a reactor, compared with no margin. However, we argue that by doing so, the engineering design of future tokamak fusion power plants can effectively be insulated from epistemic confinement uncertainties insofar as possible, facilitating the design process.
Assessment of the possibility of irradiating tungsten and Cu-alloys in IFMIF-DONES using a realistic specimens configuration
Authors: Álvarez Irene , Anguiano Marta , Mota Fernando , Hernández Rebeca , Sosa David , Moro Fabio , Noce Simone , Qiu Yuefeng , Park Jin Hun , Arbeiter Frederik , Palermo Iole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-DEMO Oriented NEutron Source) is a facility whose purpose is to obtain data on materials by irradiating them under conditions equivalent to those of the DEMO (DEMOstration) fusion reactor. Tungsten and CuCrZr alloy are two candidate materials to be used in DEMO, tungsten for the first wall and divertor (DIV) and CuCrZr alloy for the DIV. So, studying the behavior of these materials in IFMIF-DONES facility and comparing the results with the DEMO environment is crucial. In the high flux test module in IFMIF-DONES has been considered a realistic distribution of specimens. The IFMIF-EVEDA beam have been used with a footprint size of 20 × 5 cm2, the nominal energy is 40 MeV with a current of 125 mA, for the calculation other energies have been considered 25, 30 and 35 MeV. The results of IFMIF-DONES have been compared with different DEMO concepts, Dual Coolant Lithium Lead, Water Cooled Lithium Lead and Helium Cooled Pebble Bed. In general, the primary displacement damage rate meets between IFMIF-DONES and DEMO, while the gas production is at the limit for W and fulfilled for the CuCrZr alloy.
Investigating the influence of divertor baffles on nitrogen-seeded detachment in TCV with SOLPS-ITER simulations and TCV experiments
Authors: Sun G. , Reimerdes H. , Theiler C. , Duval B.P. , Carpita M. , Colandrea C. , Ducker R. , Février O. , Gorno S. , Simons L. , Tonello E. ,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team,   the TCV Team
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Plasma edge simulations with the SOLPS-ITER code are performed to study the influence of divertor baffles on nitrogen-seeded detachment in Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV) single-null, L-mode discharges. Scans of nitrogen seeding rate are conducted in both baffled and unbaffled TCV divertors, where the nitrogen seeding with baffles is found to yield lower target temperatures and heat fluxes than with baffles-only and with seeding-only. The cumulative effects of baffles and seeding on target parameters are interpreted by the two-point model. The divertor neutral density and neutral compression increase with baffles, due to lower divertor to main chamber neutral conductance, as explained by a schematic neutral transport model with baffles. The nitrogen retention, defined as the ratio of average nitrogen nuclei density in divertor and main chamber, increases with the seeding rate if baffled, and remains constant if unbaffled. At the same outboard mid-plane separatrix plasma density, the nitrogen retention with baffles is lower than the unbaffled retention at low seeding levels and is higher at high seeding levels, which is explained by the changes of nitrogen ion and neutral transport with baffles and seeding. The baffled carbon retention is higher than the unbaffled retention due to lower divertor to main chamber carbon neutral conductance. Baffles increase the divertor radiation. The predicted trends of target parameters, the distribution of neutrals and radiations are well supported by TCV experiments, though discrepancies in the absolute values remain. The simulations yield an overall colder and denser divertor, consistent with previous SOLPS-ITER simulations of Ohmically heated L-modes in TCV. The successful comparison of simulation and experiment, together with the understanding gained from the neutral transport model, increases the confidence in the SOLPS simulations for the next TCV divertor upgrade.
Modern challenges facing electric vehicle adoption: a review of barriers to adoption, supply chain challenges, and equity
Authors: Alshahapy Hala , Bozeman Joe F , Carley Sanya , Nock Destenie , Matisoff Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The automotive industry’s shift to electric vehicles (EVs) faces persistent barriers in pricing, financing, and charging infrastructure, particularly affecting low-income and disadvantaged individuals. These hurdles pose challenges to achieving US decarbonization goals and hinder the development of a sustainable and electrified transportation sector. Global disruptions in the supply chain, driven by the pandemic and geopolitical tensions, exacerbate these challenges, keeping EV purchase prices elevated. Key disruptors include critical mineral scarcity, semiconductor shortages, and international trade and COVID-19-related restrictions, complicating efforts to overcome adoption hurdles. Conducting a systematic review using Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, we focused on articles related to EV supply chain disruptions, equity, and adoption barriers published in English post-2009. We analyzed 130 articles for topical focus and key findings. Our exploration reveals insights into the challenges of electrifying the transportation sector while addressing equity concerns. Proposing a systemic equity framework, we advocate for the simultaneous and effective administration of resources, policies, and cultural considerations for systematically marginalized communities. This holistic approach aims to navigate the complexities of the EV supply chain, fostering a future marked by equitable transport electrification. The intersection of equity issues with supply chain challenges emphasizes the timeliness and importance of this academic examination. Our contribution to the ongoing discourse on achieving a sustainable and inclusive transition to EVs delves into the dynamics of these challenges, highlighting the need for comprehensive solutions.
In-situ development of Fe-Cr-C hardfacing layer using advanced submerged arc welding
Authors: Kumar Arun , Singh Gurminder , Pandey Abhishek Kumar , Pandey Sunil , Pandey Pulak Mohan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Iron-based hardfacing is widely used to protect industrial equipment exposed to different types of wear. Welding is generally used in industry for producing these hardfacing layers since it gives better productivity as compared to other processes. The chemical composition of the deposited layer plays a significant role in controlling the mechanical and metallurgical properties. The present work aimed at developing an in situ technique for employing a wear-resistant Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloy on a mild steel base metal using the advanced submerged arc welding (ASAW) process. Alloying powders were used to introduce the alloying elements (primarily Cr and C) into the melt pool at the time of welding using three different powder and paste techniques and the element transfer behaviour was investigated. Alloying powders mixed with flux significantly increased the Cr content in the hardfacing. However, the amount of Cr and C present in the hardfacing deposited on consecutive runs varied significantly due to powder-flux separation owing to the large difference in density. On the contrary, the paste technique was observed to be the most effective alternative in terms of element transfer and compositional consistency of the developed hardfacing. Additionally, the effect of varying graphite content in the powder mix on the phase chemistry and microstructure was investigated. The microstructure was found to consist of a primary dendritic structure consisting mainly of austenitic phase. M7C3 and M23C6 type metal carbides were present in the inter-dendritic lamellar eutectic mix. Developed hardfacings exhibited significantly higher hardness values (up to 57 HRC) in contrast to base metal (80 HRB). Erosive wear test was also performed to study the wear performance of the deposited layer and the results indicated improved wear resistance of the deposited layer. SEM analysis of eroded surface was also performed to identify the erosion mechanisms.