bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled 1D/3D Perovskite Heterostructure for Stable All‐Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Meng Yan , Zhang Wenyuan , Zhang Xiao , Deng Yaxin , Zhang Haolin , Zeng Gangyi , Liu Guangyao , Li Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmental instability and photovoltage loss induced by defects are inevitable obstacles in the development of all‐air‐processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, the ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium iodide ([EMIM]I) is introduced into the hole transport layer/three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite interface to form a self‐assembled 1D/3D perovskite heterostructure, which significantly reduces iodine vacancy defects and modulates band energy alignment, resulting in pronouncedly improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc). As a result, the corresponding device exhibits a high power conversion efficiency with negligible hysteresis and a high Voc of 1.14 V. Most importantly, together with the high stability of the 1D perovskite, remarkable high environmental and thermal stabilities of the 1D/3D PSC devices are achieved, which maintain 89 % of unencapsulated device initial efficiency after 1320 h in air and retain 85 % of the initial efficiency when heated at 85 °C for 22 h. This study affords an effective strategy to fabricate high‐performance all‐air‐processed PSCs with outstanding stability.
Evidence of exposure to flecainide in a newborn by keratinous matrices testing and interpretation of the findings
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Raul Jean‐Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPediatric poisoning represents a serious problem all around the world. Abuse or neglect of children by adults must be highlighted in children exposed to drugs to which they would not normally have access. Usually, segmental hair analysis would allow in these contexts to determine whether the exposure was unique or repetitive. Hair and nail samples from a 9‐month‐old girl were received in our laboratory for analysis, after the child was hospitalized due to severe dehydration caused by her mother's neglect. At the admission, flecainide, an antiarrhythmic never prescribed to the child, was identified in the daughter urine. Using an LC–MS/MS method, flecainide tested positive in the child's hair at the following concentrations: 66 pg/mg (root to 1 cm), 61 pg/mg (1–2 cm), and 125 pg/mg (2–3 cm). Traces below the limit of quantification (1 pg/mg) were also present in the nail clippings. These concentrations are much lower than those obtained in adults under daily treatment. Given the different pharmacokinetic and dynamic parameters in children, the different rate of hair growth, and the greater porosity of the hair, which makes it more prone to external contamination, the interpretation of hair findings in children remains very complicated. In this case, it can be assumed that the presence of the drug in the urine indicates systemic incorporation and that administration had occurred for some months (three positive segments). The interpretation of hair tests from young children needs a global review of all the findings, as a positive result cannot stand alone to claim repetitive exposures.
A randomized controlled feasibility trial of metacognitive training with adolescents receiving treatment for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Balzan Ryan P. , Gilder Madeline , Thompson Matthew , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the metacognitive training for eating disorders (MCT‐ED) program in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). We report attrition and subjective evaluation as well as changes to cognitive flexibility, perfectionism and eating disorder pathology relative to waitlist controls.MethodFemale (n = 35, aged 13–17 years) outpatients with a diagnosis of AN (n = 20) or atypical AN (n = 15) completed baseline measures of cognitive flexibility, perfectionism, and eating disorder pathology (May 2020–May 2022). Participants were randomly allocated to either treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) plus MCT‐ED or TAU waitlist condition. All participants completed post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up questionnaires.ResultsThe MCT‐ED condition had a treatment attrition rate <15%. Participants provided positive evaluation of the program. There were large between groups differences favoring MCT‐ED at post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up for concern over mistakes perfectionism (respective ds = −1.25, 95% CI [−2.06, −.45]; −.83, 95% CI [−1.60, .06]) with a significant group difference post‐intervention but not 3‐month follow‐up.DiscussionFindings provide tentative support for the feasibility of MCT‐ED as an adjunct intervention for young people with AN, however replication is needed with a larger sample size to further explore its efficacy.Public significanceMetacognitive training for eating disorders (MCT‐ED) is a feasible adjunct intervention for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The intervention, which targets thinking styles and is delivered online by a therapist, received positive feedback, had high treatment retention, and led to reductions in perfectionism by the end of treatment compared to wait‐list controls. Although these gains were not sustained long‐term, the program is suitable adjunct intervention for young people with eating disorders.
Age effects on Nazca booby foraging performance are largely constant across variation in the marine environment: Results from a 5‐year study in Galápagos
Authors: McKee Jennifer L. , Tompkins Emily M. , Estela Felipe A. , Anderson David J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractForaging outcomes dictate the nutritional resources available to an organism and may vary with intrinsic factors, like age. Thus, understanding how age affects foraging performance, alone or in interaction with extrinsic factors (like environmental quality), improves our understanding of aging processes in the wild. We examined how foraging traits, measured across five breeding seasons, change with age, environmental variation, and their interaction in Nazca boobies (Sula granti), a pelagic seabird in Galápagos. We evaluated the hypotheses that (1) foraging performance is better in middle‐aged birds than in young ones, and that (2) foraging performance is better in middle‐aged birds than in old ones. Furthermore, favorable environmental conditions will either (3) attenuate age differences in foraging performance (by relieving constraints on young, inexperienced and old, senescent age classes), or (4) accentuate age differences (if middle‐aged birds can exploit abundant resources better than other age classes can). Incubating birds tagged with GPS loggers (N = 815) provided data on foraging performance (e.g., total distance traveled, mass gained) to evaluate interactions between age and environmental variation (e.g., sea surface temperature). Poor environmental conditions associated with the cool phase of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation increased foraging effort, including foraging distance and duration, for example. Across age classes, foraging boobies responded similarly to environmental variation except for female mass gain rate: age‐related declines in mass gain rate were reduced under favorable environmental conditions. Birds of different ages also searched in somewhat distinct areas in the poor conditions of 2016, but not in other years. In several foraging traits, including foraging duration and distance, female boobies showed predicted early‐life improvement and late‐life decline, following the established pattern for reproductive traits in this species. Thus, deficits in resource acquisition (this study) may contribute to the poor survival and reproductive outcomes previously observed in old Nazca boobies, particularly in females.
Wild canids and the ecological traps facing the climate change and deforestation in the Amazon Forest
Authors: de Oliveira Geovana Linhares , Viana‐Junior Arleu Barbosa , Trindade Paulo Henrique Santos , dos Santos Iara Ramos , de Almeida‐Maués Paula Cristina R. , Carvalho Fernando Geraldo , Silva Daniel Paiva , Wiig Øystein , Sena Leonardo , Mendes‐Oliveira Ana Cristina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEcological traps occur when species choose to settle in lower‐quality habitats, even if this reduces their survival or productivity. This happens in situations of drastic environmental changes, resulting from anthropogenic pressures. In long term, this could mean the extinction of the species. We investigated the dynamics of occurrence and distribution of three canid species (Atelocynus microtis, Cerdocyon thous, and Spheotos venaticus) considering human threats to their habitats in the Amazon Rainforest. We analyzed the environmental thresholds for the occurrence of these species and related to the future projections of climatic niches for each one. All three species will be negatively affected by climate change in the future, with losses of up to 91% of the suitable area of occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon. A. microtis appear to be more forest‐dependent and must rely on the goodwill of decision‐makers to be maintained in the future. For C. thous and S. venaticus, climatic variables and those associated with anthropogenic disturbances that modulate their niches today may not act the same way in the future. Even though C. thous is least dependent on the Amazon Forest; this species may be affected in the future due to the ecological traps. S. venaticus, can also undergo the same process, but perhaps more drastically due to the lower ecological plasticity of this species compared to C. thous. Our results suggest that the ecological traps may put these two species at risk in the future. Using the canid species as a model, we had the opportunity to investigate these ecological effects that can affect a large part of the Amazonian fauna in the current scenario. Considering the high degree of environmental degradation and deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest, the theory of ecological traps must be discussed at the same level as the habitat loss, considering the strategies for preserving the Amazon biodiversity.
Turning observations into biodiversity data: Broadscale spatial biases in community science
Authors: Geurts Ellyne M. , Reynolds John D. , Starzomski Brian M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiodiversity community science projects are growing rapidly in popularity. The enormous amounts of data generated by these programs are transforming how we conduct ecological research and conservation management. However, as with other biodiversity surveys, community science datasets suffer from biases in time and locations of observations. To better use these data, we modeled the spatial biases present in the popular community science platform, iNaturalist. iNaturalist uses crowdsourcing to collect georeferenced and time‐stamped observations of all taxa worldwide. With its wealth of biodiversity data, iNaturalist is now being used to answer a broad range of questions in ecology and conservation, but little is known about the platform's spatial biases. We focus on the more than 1.75 million iNaturalist observations available (as of December 2021) from British Columbia, Canada, a region with a strong community science presence and diversity of ecosystems. Using machine learning and species distribution modeling, we examined which landscape factors (e.g., protected areas, roads, human population density, habitat zones, elevation) were most important in determining where observations are taken, and we created a predicted probability map revealing how likely different regions are to be sampled by community scientists. We found strong road biases for observations in iNaturalist, with over 94% of observations within 1 km of roads. In addition, human population density and broad habitat ecosystem zones played a large role in predicting where iNaturalist observations occur across the landscape. These methods demonstrate tools for modeling the effects of spatial biases in large opportunistic datasets that can then be used to produce more accurate species distribution and biodiversity models from community science data.
Validation of heart failure algorithm for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Shu , Zhu Xiaomei , Zhang Yunlong , Li Fengjie , Guo Shubin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of the meta‐analysis was to generate a more comprehensive understanding of the HFA‐PEFF score in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and to pose clues in the field of scientific and clinical practice. Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were systematically searched. Studies investigating the use of the HFA‐PEFF score to diagnose HFpEF were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative Likelihood Ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the curve of summary receiver operating characteristic, and superiority index were calculated. Five studies with 1521 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. In the pooled analysis of the ‘Rule‐out’ approach, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.98 (0.94, 1.00), 0.33 (0.08, 0.73), 1.5 (0.8, 2.5), 0.05 (0.02, 0.17), and 28 (6, 127). In the pooled analysis of the ‘Rule‐in’ approach, the pooled sensitivity and specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.69 (0.62, 0.75), 0.87 (0.64, 0.96), 5.5 (1.8, 16.9), 0.35 (0.30, 0.41), and 16 (5, 50). This meta‐analysis indicates that the HFA‐PEFF algorithm showed acceptable specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis and exclusion of HFpEF. More relevant studies on the diagnostic validity of the HFA‐PEFF score are needed in the future.
BERT‐TriF: An inductive short text classification model for power equipment defect records
Authors: Ye Zhenhao , Guo Bingyan , Qi Donglian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe descriptions of power equipment defect records are often characterized by colloquial short texts. Standardized classification of a large number of colloquial defect descriptions has laid a solid foundation for building a power equipment knowledge graph and improving the level of intelligence in the field of power inspection. Using deep learning and natural language processing technology, this paper proposes a text classification model for power equipment defect records named Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers with Family Feature Fusion (BERT‐TriF). The model firstly leverages BERT to semantically represent the input text. To extract family history as well as text implicit information, we creatively propose a family feature fusion algorithm for training. An improved multi‐head attention mechanism is developed subsequently to enhance text semantic category features and strengthen the learning ability of the model. By comparing BERT‐TriF and baseline models such as TextCNN, TextRNN, and fastText on the specified and generic text dataset, the experimental results demonstrate that it has better performance, robustness, and universality for short text classification.
The garlic extract‐loaded nanoemulsion: Study of physicochemical, rheological, and antimicrobial properties and its application in mayonnaise
Authors: Hassanzadeh Hamed , Rahbari Mahshid , Galali Yaseen , Hosseini Mohamadyar , Ghanbarzadeh Babak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this research, garlic extract (GE)‐loaded water‐in‐oil nanoemulsion was used as a novel preservative and antioxidant in mayonnaise. GE (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) as a dispersed phase, olive oil as a continuous phase, and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) as a low HLB surfactant, with a constant surfactant/garlic extract ratio (1:1), were used in the formulations of water‐in‐oil nanoemulsions. The properties of the active nanoemulsion, including droplet size, free radical scavenging capacity, antimicrobial activity against gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus [25923 ATCC]), and gram‐negative (Escherichia coli H7 O157 [700728 ATCC]) were evaluated. The results showed that the mean droplet size of nanoemulsion increased from 62 to 302 nm and antioxidant capacity was also improved from 95.43% to 98.25% by increasing GE level from 5% to 25%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that antimicrobial activity against S. aureus could be observed only in high levels of GE (25%) in the formulation of nanoemulsion. The results of the total count analysis showed that the GE‐loaded nanoemulsion (NEGE) was effective against the microorganisms, particularly after 4 months of storage. The incorporation of GE and NEGE did not affect significantly the acidity of different mayonnaise samples; however, they affected the concentration of the primary product of lipid oxidation. Adding GE and NGE did not significantly affect the rheological properties of mayonnaise and all samples showed shear‐thinning behavior. Sensory evaluation showed that the samples with NEGE had higher scores in texture, spreadability, and mouthfeel, while the control samples had better scores in appearance, color, taste, and total acceptance. In general, the samples containing free GE (not encapsulated) had the lowest scores in all organoleptic characteristics.
Physiochemical characteristics and sensory properties of plant protein isolates–konjac glucomannan compound gels
Authors: Yao Yueying , He Wenmeng , Xu Baojun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of konjac glucomannan (KGM) at different concentrations on the physiochemical and sensory properties of soy protein isolate (SPI), pea protein isolate (PPI), or peanut protein isolate (PNPI) compound gels were investigated. The results revealed that when the ratio of PNPI to KGM was 90:10, the denaturation temperature of PNPI could be significantly enhanced to 119.32°C by KGM modification. Concerning the textural and microstructural features, the amount of KGM addition had positive correlation with the hardness and chewiness of each compound gel, however, too much KGM addition will cause the unstable internal structure of the PNPI/KGM compound gels (70:30 and 60:40). Furthermore, sensory results indicated that PNPI/KGM (80:20), PPI/KGM (80:20), SPI/KGM (80:20) had great potential to be considered as prototypes for novel plant‐based products, which generated the highest acceptance scores of 5.04, 5.94, and 5.36 in each group, respectively.
Determinants of coexisting forms of undernutrition among under‐five children: Evidence from the Bangladesh demographic and health surveys
Authors: Sumon Imran Hossain , Hossain Moyazzem , Ar Salan Sifat , Kabir Mohammad Alamgir , Majumder Ajit Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn many underdeveloped and developing countries, epidemiological and nutritional transitions are leading to an increase in malnutrition, resulting in pediatric diseases and eventually deaths. Therefore, this study intents to determine the important factors of the presence of coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM), i.e., pediatric undernutrition. This study used the latest Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)‐2017/18 dataset consisting of 7127 under‐five children. The logistic regression model has been utilized to gain explicit and in‐depth knowledge of the relationship between the presence of pediatric undernutrition with socioeconomic and demographic factors. Findings revealed that about 31%, 22%, and 8% suffered from stunted, underweight, and wasted, respectively. The prevalence of stunted, underweighted, wasted, and CFM among children in the Sylhet division is higher than in any other region. A child of a secondary‐level completed mother is 27.6% (OR: 0.724, 95% CI: 0.58–0.90) less likely to suffer from undernutrition than a child of an uneducated mother. The rate of undernutrition of children was less among children of highly educated parents. Age, birth order of the child, twin status, mother's age, body mass index (BMI), working status, parental educational qualification, cooking fuel, toilet facility, region, residence, and wealth index are important for determining the nutritional status of a child. The authors believe that the study findings will be helpful to the policymakers to take proper actions for achieving the sustainable development goal (SDGs) by reducing pediatric undernutrition in Bangladesh by 2030.
Impact of social isolation and leisure activities on cognition and depression: A study on middle‐aged and older adults in India
Authors: Mishra Bijeta , Pradhan Jalandhar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies highlight the negative impact of social isolation and involvement in leisure activities on enhanced well‐being of individuals. However, there is dearth of evidence on relationship between social isolation and leisure activities on cognitive abilities and depression of older adults in the Indian context. The paper reports the impact of social isolation and leisure activities on cognitive functioning and depression of older adults.MethodsData were collected from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), and 63,806 participants aged 45 years or above were considered for the study with adherence to the exclusion criteria. Multivariate analysis was carried out to analyse the group‐based differences.ResultsSocial isolation (F = 102.09, p < 0.01; η2 = 0.09) and leisure (F = 224.54, p < 0.01; η2 = 0.07) had a statistically significant impact on the cognition and depressive symptoms of participants. Socially isolated older adults with little involvement in leisure activities had the worst cognitive functioning (M = 32.76, SD = 4.41), whereas middle‐aged adults who were actively involved in leisure activities and experienced the least social isolation exhibited the best cognitive functioning (M = 32.76, SD = 4.41). However, leisure and age as independent factors did not have a significant impact on depression.ConclusionSocially isolated participants, irrespective of age, and involvement in leisure activities exhibit poor cognitive functioning and are more likely to suffer from depression as compared to their counterparts. The findings of the study can be used to design intervention strategies aimed at reducing social isolation by incorporating leisure activities to ensure the optimal functioning of middle‐aged and older adults.
Update on follicular lymphoma
Authors: Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe past two decades have seen remarkable progress in both biological understanding and optimizing treatment of follicular lymphoma. Historically considered an incurable disease, long‐term follow‐up of several induction approaches demonstrates that up to 40% of patients enjoy remission durations of 10 or more years, and risk of dying of lymphoma continues to fall. This update will focus on progress in follicular lymphoma over the past 3 years, which has included refinements in staging and prognosis, novel immunotherapy treatment approaches for relapsed and refractory disease, and long‐term follow‐up of pivotal trials. Ongoing trials will define the optimal sequence for these novel treatments, including whether earlier incorporation of these approaches may result in definitive cure of this disease. Through ongoing and planned correlative studies, we are poised to ultimately achieve the goal of a precision management approach to follicular lymphoma.