bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SNP associations and genetic-parameter estimation for nose and hoof pigmentation in Corriedale sheep
Authors: Aldersey J. E. , Khatkar M. S. , Blackwood P. J. , Blackwood C. E. , Pitchford J. M. , Gordon H. , Welsh S. C. , Pitchford W. S. 
Published: June 2023

Context Quantity and quality of both meat and wool are important for selection programs of the dual-purpose Corriedale sheep. In Corriedales, black pigmentation of nose skin and hooves is preferred as part of the breed standard. However, within the breed, pigmentation can vary from none to complete pigmentation. Aims The aim was to discover single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with nose and hoof pigmentation and to estimate genetic parameters of nose and hoof pigmentation, wool traits and meat traits. Methods The phenotype and genotype data on Corriedale lambs (n = 764) produced from 44 sires (12 studs) and 300 ewes in 2017–2019 were used in this study. Lambs were slaughtered at 6–7 months of age. Nose pigmentation and hoof pigmentation were scored on a five-point scale, where no pigmentation was scored 0 and complete pigmentation was scored 5. Wool- and meat-quality traits were measured, including greasy fleece weight, fibre diameter, weaning weight, hot standard carcass weight and intramuscular fat percentage. The lambs were genotyped with the GGPOvine50K SNP chip. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted. Genetic parameters and bivariate analyses were estimated using ASReml-R. Results The lambs had a mean nose-pigmentation score of 3.69 and hoof-pigmentation score of 4.12. The nose pigmentation (h2 = 0.58) and hoof pigmentation (h2 = 0.51) were highly heritable and highly correlated (rG = 0.73). The GWAS identified a genome-wide significant SNP (OAR19_33278780.1) associated with nose pigmentation (q-value = 0.04). This SNP is positioned in a known pigmentation gene, melanocyte-inducing transcription factor (MITF). The same SNP was the sixth-most associated SNP for hoof pigmentation but did not reach significance level. OAR19_33278780.1 also had a significant effect on back conformation and weaning weight. Conclusions The results of these analyses have provided information and an understanding of the genetics for pigmentation of nose and hooves in Corriedale sheep. Implications Nose and hoof pigmentation are highly genetically correlated with each other, but with no negative effects on production traits.
Glimmers of a post-geometric perspective
Authors: Piazza Federico 
Published: June 2023

AbstractQuantum gravitational effects can become important at low energy if the wavefunction of the metric field fails to be peaked around a classical configuration. We try to understand such deviations from classicality within canonical quantum gravity by introducing a ‘fluid of observers’ in the low energy theory and defining a distance operator ‘at equal time’ among them. We find that, even in the presence of relevant fluctuations in the metric field, a ‘locally flat’ limit is recovered in the neighbourhood of each observer. Deviations from classicality have no particular consequence, locally. However, at larger separations the expectation value of the distance operator behaves differently than a standard Riemannian distance. In particular, it is non-additive and thus cannot be obtained by the integral of a differential line element. This emerging ‘beyond Riemannian’ geometry is a metric space similar to embedded Riemannian manifolds equipped with chord distances that ‘cut through’ the ambient space. We study deviations from flat space by looking at triangles in the limit where their sizes go to zero. Beyond-Riemannian deviations with respect to flat space are of the same order as standard Riemannian ones, but qualitatively different. Possible connections with holography and with the black hole information paradox are briefly discussed.
Real centrifugal forces in relativistic rotating spacetimes: a simple introduction
Authors: Benedetto Elmo , Di Mauro Marco , Feoli Antonio , Iannella Antonella Lucia , Naddeo Adele 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During typical general relativity courses, the so-called frame-dragging effect is explained by emphasizing the presence of a gravitational Coriolis-like force term. The key difference is that, unlike the usual Coriolis force, this is not a fictitious force but agravitational force caused by the rotating body. In general, textbooks do not discuss also the possibility of a gravitational centrifugal-like force. In this paper, which has a didactic aim, we analyze this further gravitational term. The analysis we perform can be valuable in undergraduate courses of general relativity.
Structural and optical properties of Zn-implanted silica: effect of fluence and annealing
Authors: Makhavikou M A , Milchanin O V , Parkhomenko I N , Vlasukova L A , Komarov F F , Yuvchenko V N , Wendler E , Korolev D S , Mudryi A V , Zhivulko V D , Janse van Vuuren A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The phase-structural composition of silica films grown on Si substrates implanted with different fluences of Zn ions has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction. Small clusters (2–3 nm) and larger clusters (5–7 nm) were formed in the as-implanted silica films with Zn concentration of 6–8 at % and 16%–18%, respectively. Furnace annealing at 750 °С for two hours in air resulted in the formation of an orthorhombic Zn2SiO4 phase (space group R-3) in the case of low fluence (5 × 1016 cm−2) and in the formation of a zinc blended ZnO phase (space group F-43m) in the case of high fluence (1 × 1017 cm−2). Based on the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) data, it has been shown that impurity losses during implantation and subsequent annealing increase with the fluence of the implanted ions. The photoluminescence data were consistent with the TEM and RBS.
A novel hybrid generative adversarial network for CT and MRI super-resolution reconstruction
Authors: Xiao Yueyue , Chen Chunxiao , Wang Liang , Yu Jie , Fu Xue , Zou Yuan , Lin Zhe , Wang Kunpeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are widely used in medical imaging modalities, and provide valuable information for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, due to hardware limitations and radiation safety concerns, the acquired images are often limited in resolution. Super-resolution reconstruction (SR) techniques have been developed to enhance the resolution of CT and MRI slices, which can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy. To capture more useful feature information and reconstruct higher quality super-resolution images, we proposed a novel hybrid framework SR model based on generative adversarial networks. Approach. The proposed SR model combines frequency domain and perceptual loss functions, which can work in both frequency domain and image domain (spatial domain). The proposed SR model consists of 4 parts: (i) the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) operation transforms the image from the image domain to frequency domain; (ii) a complex residual U-net performs SR in the frequency domain; (iii) the inverse discrete Fourier transform (iDFT) operation based on data fusion transforms the image from the frequency domain to image domain; (iv) an enhanced residual U-net network is used for SR of image domain. Main results. Experimental results on bladder MRI slices, abdomen CT slices, and brain MRI slices show that the proposed SR model outperforms state-of-the-art SR methods in terms of visual quality and objective quality metric such as the structural similarity (SSIM) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), which proves that the proposed model has better generalization and robustness. (Bladder dataset: upscaling factor of 2: SSIM = 0.913, PSNR = 31.203; upscaling factor of 4: SSIM = 0.821, PSNR = 28.604. Abdomen dataset: upscaling factor of 2: SSIM = 0.929, PSNR = 32.594; upscaling factor of 4: SSIM = 0.834, PSNR = 27.050. Brain dataset: SSIM = 0.861, PSNR = 26.945). Significance. Our proposed SR model is capable of SR for CT and MRI slices. The SR results provide a reliable and effective foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Modified photodiode equivalent circuit model considering coplanar waveguide electrodes
Authors: Li Tonghui , Duan Xiaofeng , Li Gongqing , Li Ke , Yuan Weifang , Liu Kai , Huang Yongqing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Accurate equivalent circuit models can assist in better analyzing the performance of photodetectors. This study proposes a modified photodiode (PD) equivalent circuit model that considers coplanar waveguide (CPW) electrodes. First, the CPW electrodes of the PD are analyzed using high-frequency structure simulation software and advanced design simulation software. Skin effect occurs inside the electrode at high frequencies, increasing the PD loss and reducing the bandwidth. Subsequently, the extraction formula for the proposed model is derived, and the proposed model is compared with two conventional CPW electrode models. The proposed model effectively eliminates the frequency-dependency issue in the parameter extraction process of previous models, thereby demonstrating its accuracy. Furthermore, simulation and experimental results validate the reliability of the proposed model. Among the entire frequency band, the proposed model has good stability and a low error rate and can achieve excellent fitting with the measured results. Compared with previous studies, the average error rate is reduced by over 10%, demonstrating a significant improvement. Finally, the influence of the skin effect and high-impedance transmission lines on PD performance is analyzed and a viable approach to improve the bandwidth of PDs is proposed. The proposed model provides a viable approach to model and optimize CPW structures and is significant for the design of high-performance PDs.
Vortex matter and critical magnetic fields in mesoscopic superconducting strips
Authors: Ge Jun-Yi , Gladilin Vladimir N , Van de Vondel Joris , Moshchalkov Victor V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As compared with bulk materials, superconducting strips with lateral dimensions limited to the mesoscopic region exhibit non-trivial properties, among which the critical magnetic fields related to both vortex penetration

B

p

and full vortex expulsion

B

m

still remain elusive. By using low-temperature scanning Hall probe microscope, the critical magnetic fields are studied experimentally in a series of superconducting Pb strips with different widths. It is found that the penetration magnetic field follows a power law dependence with strip width, and vortices can only penetrate the strips when the energy barrier at the edges is completely suppressed. In the field-cooling process, vortices are fully expelled from the strips below

B

m

, above which the number of trapped vortices linearly increases with magnetic field. Compared with various theoretical predictions, we have found that the experimentally observed

B

m

corresponds to the field at which the Gibbs free energy in the strip center is minimized. Our study provides important implications for designing nanostructured devices with superconducting strips.
Study of energies spectra and thermodynamic properties of the relativistic Dirac equation using Feynman path integral method
Authors: Douici Mohamed , Boukabcha Hocine , Fermous Rachid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the current paper, the contribution of a Coulomb-like potential tensor interaction on the solution of the Dirac equation with a new generalized Morse-like potential is investigated using the Feynman path integral method. Relativistic and non-relativistic energy spectra were obtained. It has been established that the Coulomb-like potential eliminates the degeneracy of all pairs of spin doublets. Using the resulting non-relativistic energy eigenvalues equation, three diatomic molecules (H2, LiH, and HCl) were investigated and their thermodynamic properties, including mean energy, free energy, entropy, and specific heat capacity were shown. A comparison with the available literature shows that the thermodynamic plots obtained are consistent with previous work.
The emergence of lines of hierarchy in collective motion of biological systems
Authors: Greene James M , Tadmor Eitan , Zhong Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The emergence of large-scale structures in biological systems, and in particular the formation of lines of hierarchy, is observed at many scales, from collections of cells to groups of insects to herds of animals. Motivated by phenomena in chemotaxis and phototaxis, we present a new class of alignment models that exhibit alignment into lines. The spontaneous formation of such ‘fingers’ can be interpreted as the emergence of leaders and followers in a system of identically interacting agents. Various numerical examples are provided, which demonstrate emergent behaviors similar to the ‘fingering’ phenomenon observed in some phototaxis and chemotaxis experiments; this phenomenon is generally known to be a challenging pattern for existing models to capture. A novel protocol for pairwise interactions provides a fundamental alignment mechanism by which agents may form lines of hierarchy across a wide range of biological systems.
Simulated Gravity Field Estimation for the Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro Based on a Satellite-to-satellite Tracking Mode
Authors: Sun Shang-Biao , Yan Jian-Guo , Gao Wu-Tong , Wang Bo , Wang Zhen , Ye Mao , Barriot Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most asteroids and comets are formed in the early stages of the solar system and therefore contain a wealth of information about their birth. The asteroid exploration mission planned in the coming years by China will likely target the celestial body named 133P/Elst-Pizarro (estimated diameter of about 4 km). The orbit of this asteroid stays within the asteroid belt, but nevertheless, it displays a comet-like dust tail. In this study, we used differential tracking data between two simulated probes and the data from an Earth station to estimate 133P gravity field model. This observation mode is similar to how the gravity field was estimated for large celestial objects in the GRAIL and GRACE missions, but here the object is the very small 133P asteroid. We compared the estimated gravity fields obtained for 133P from the satellite-to-satellite combined with the Earth-based two-way range-rate observation mode, with only the Earth-based two-way range rate mode. The results show that the accuracy of the low-degree (4 degree and order) estimate of the gravity field is improved by one order of magnitude by using the satellite-to-satellite combined with the Earth-based two-way range-rate observation mode with respect to the Earth-only tracking. Furthermore, another order of magnitude improvement in the gravity field solution is gained by decreasing the orbit altitude from 12 to 8 km.
Design of Broadband High-Efficiency DPA for 5G Micro Base Station
Authors: Li Guojin , Wang Yewen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To meet the requirements of the 5G communication system, the Doherty power amplifier has become a research hotspot because of its peak-to-average ratio and high backoff efficiency. At the same time, with the continuous development of mobile communication technology, the traditional Doherty power amplifier has gradually been difficult to meet the needs due to its structural problems. On the one hand, due to the limitation of the 1/4 wavelength transmission line in the traditional Doherty power amplifier, it is difficult to achieve broadband. This paper uses the post-matching technology to remove the 1/4 wavelength transmission line to achieve broadband matching. On the other hand, in response to energy conservation and emission reduction, there is a growing demand to reduce power consumption in base stations. In this design, a harmonic suppression network is introduced at the output matching end to further improve the efficiency of the Doherty power amplifier. Finally, the asymmetric structure is introduced to further improve the efficiency of the power amplifier. Main and auxiliary power amplifier transistors select Cree CGH40010F and CGH40025 respectively. Based on the ADS simulation design and test, a broadband high-efficiency Doherty amplifier working in a 3.3~3.6 GHz band is designed for a 5G communication base station. The maximum saturated output power is 44.5 dBm and the drain efficiency is 67%~73%. When power fallback is 8 dB, the drain efficiency is 43%~51%.
Indoor Three-Dimensional Positioning System Based on Visible Light Communication Using Improved Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Fang Zhijing , Chen Yuan , Wang Junjie , Song Yuanzhang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, with the popularity of lighting infrastructure,indoor visible three-dimensional positioning has attracted extensive attention.However, in the visible three-dimensional positioning algorithm, the positioning error is relatively large due to the high complexity of the system. For the reason that reduce positioning error, an improved fish swarm algorithm is proposed. Adaptive step size and chaotic change are introduced in fish swarm algorithm. In order to reduce the search time in the algorithm, swallowing behavior is adopted to deal with fish, so that the remaining useless weak fish in the iteration process of the improved algorithm is far less than that of the traditional fish swarm algorithm. The positioning system can get sub-micron-level accuracy in the indoor positioning area.
Structure dominated two-dimensional turbulence: formation, dynamics and interactions of dipole vortices
Authors: Gürcan Ö D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two dimensional turbulence in geophysical fluids and plasma physics tends to be spotty, intermittent and rich in large scale structures such as coherent vortices or zonal flows, due to various mechanisms of self organization. Nonlinear solutions that rely on the vanishing of nonlinearity, especially the dipole vortex solution, stand out as key aspects of this structure dominated turbulence state. Using numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that an initial condition with a small number of high intensity turbulent patches, evolves towards a state dominated by coherent structures, and in particular dipole vortices, as each patch is organized into a finite number of dipole vortices that are ejected from this initially active region. In order to study the details of this process, an initial condition of two Gaussian peaks of the stream function is considered, and it was shown to result in a Chaplygin–Lamb dipole if the peaks have the same amplitude, or a Flierl–Stern–Whitehead dipole that rotates in the direction implied by the excess of vorticity if they do not. Analytical estimates for the velocity, the radius and the radius of curvature of the resulting dipole vortex is given in terms of the peaks and widths of the initial conditions. These are then verified by a detailed comparison of the analytical form of the vorticity of the dipole vortex and its numerical realization. It is argued that since these coherent structures are spared from the strong shear forces normally exerted by the nonlinearities, and can coexist with other localized solutions, or large scale flow patterns, they provide the backbone of the structure dominated or ‘sporadic’ turbulent state in two dimensions, on top of which other structures, waves and instabilities can develop. In order to elucidate these, a number of collision scenarios are considered. It is also shown that a simple two point vortex approximation to a dipole vortex seems to be appropriate for describing their evolution far from each-other, or for computing head on collisions between two or more dipole vortices, but not in the case of close or grazing collisions or their interaction with a nontrivial large scale flow.
Monodromy dependence and symplectic geometry of isomonodromic tau functions on the torus
Authors: Del Monte Fabrizio , Desiraju Harini , Gavrylenko Pavlo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We compute the monodromy dependence of the isomonodromic tau function on a torus with n Fuchsian singularities and SL(N) residue matrices by using its explicit Fredholm determinant representation. We show that the exterior logarithmic derivative of the tau function defines a closed one-form on the space of monodromies and times, and identify it with the generating function of the monodromy symplectomorphism. As an illustrative example, we discuss the simplest case of the one-punctured torus in detail. Finally, we show that previous results obtained in the genus zero case can be recovered in a straightforward manner using the techniques presented here.
DNA barcoding of sea urchin species in the bird’s head seascape Papua-Indonesia
Authors: Dailami M , Jeni  , Lapadi I , Sabariah V , Saleh F I E , Paisey A S , Dwiranti F , Saleky Dandi , Toha A H A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The DNA barcoding of COI gene has been used for molecular identification of the numerous individuals of sea urchin present in Bird’s Head Seascape (BHS) Papua in Indonesia. We extracted, sequenced, and analysed DNA of a total of 29 individuals collected from Raja Ampat, Rumberpon, Fakfak and Manokwari. The fragment gene of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, were amplified with polymerase chain reaction by using coif and coitri primers. Total 570 base pairs nucleotide from each sample were analysed with MEGA X. The results of sample sequence homology with the GenBank and BOLD System databases show that some samples can be identified at the species level, and some samples can only be identified at the genus level. The phylogenetic tree results show that all samples are separated into two large clades.
Identifying key factors determining dynamics of environmental characteristics in Lesser Sunda island, Indonesia
Authors: Lusiana E D , Astutik S , Nurjannah  , Sambah A B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to identify the key factor of various environmental characteristics dynamics in Lesser Sunda island. This is significant to support effective and efficient conservation management planning that prioritized in the area. We retrieved the dataset for this study from a global database package. Moreover, a multivariate analysis for dimension reduction, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized. The result indicated that dimension of environmental characteristics in Lesser Sunda island be reduced to six dimensions by considering the eigen value. Moreover, the first two dimension that contribute most variance proportion suggested Sea Surface Temperature (SST), pH and distance to shore as the key determining factors of environmental changes in studied area. Therefore, these factors should be highly considered for marine conservation design in Lesser Sunda island.
Histopathological Study of Fish Gills in Situ Cikaret and Situ Cilodong, West Java
Authors: Phadmacanty N L P R , Yulianto  , Dina R , Wahyudewantoro G , Aisyah S , Prawira A Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Human activity causes water pollution in Situ Cikaret and Situ Cilodong, in Bogor and Depok, West Java, respectively. The pollutant and toxicant altered the behaviour, anatomy, and physiology of fish in those habitats. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological features of fish gills in Situ Cikaret and Situ Cilodong. The physical and chemical parameters, including pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO), were measured. Four fish species, Spotted barb fish (Barbodes binotatus), Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis), Yellow rasbora fish (Rasbora lateristriata), and Louhan fish (Amphilopus citrinellus) were collected. The gills were processed with paraffin, cut into 5 μm, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The histological features of Amazon sailfin catfish showed a normal feature, whilst the others showed an abnormality, including hyperplasia, leucocyte proliferation, secondary lamella fusion, vasodilatation, oedema, necrosis, and hypertropia mucus cells, and chloride cells. Although the temperatures, pH, and DO in this study were within the normal values, the abnormality of histological features indicated that Situ Cikaret and Situ Cilodong were polluted.