bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Exosomes Enables the Identification of Lung Cancer in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Zhang Huohuo , Wu Jiaxuan , Gan Jiadi , Wang Wei , Liu Yi , Song Tingting , Yang Yongfeng , Ji Guiyi , Li Weimin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is confirmed as an independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer. Although low‐dose CT screening significantly reduces the mortality rate of lung cancer, the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates remain high in the COPD population. Additionally, several COPD patients are unable to undergo invasive histological examinations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for minimally invasive biomarkers to screen or diagnose lung cancer in COPD patients. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from COPD patients with and without lung cancer. Plasma exosomes (EVs) were extracted for proteomic analysis. Sixteen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were preliminarily selected via label‐free quantification (LFQ) proteomic technology and comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) targeted validation identified five candidate proteins associated with COPD with lung cancer. Compared to the COPD group, KRT1, KRT9, and KRT10 were significantly upregulated in the COPD with lung cancer group, while GPLD1 and TF were downregulated. The biomarkers identified in our study provide a foundation for non‐invasive screening and diagnosis of lung cancer in COPD patients and exploration of the mechanisms shared between COPD and lung cancer.
Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Patients With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvia , Gavi Filippo , Granieri Chiara , De Waure Chiara , Giuliano Sara , Cosentino Francesco , Tersigni Chiara , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) represents a complication of pregnancy occurring in 1%–3% of all couples trying to conceive. About 50%–60% of RPL cases remain idiopathic, therefore therapeutic strategies seem empirical and based on unproven evidence. We investigated the efficacy of corticosteroids in women with RPL. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis, up to August 2024, in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including studies on idiopathic RPL women and comparing corticosteroids versus control treatment. Primary outcome was the ongoing pregnancy rate beyond 12 weeks of gestation; secondary outcomes were live birth rate (LBR), stillbirth, birth weight, incidence of preeclampsia and/or gestational diabetes, gestational age at delivery, and fetal abnormalities. Four studies comprising 417 RPL women randomly assigned to steroid or control treatment were included. We found that oral corticosteroids significantly increase the ongoing pregnancy rate beyond 12 weeks of gestation compared to the control group (log OR [odds ratio] = 1.49 [0.32, 2.67], p = 0.01), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 75%), and improve LBR (log OR = 0.9 [0.11, 1.69], p = 0.03), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.05%). However, the limited number of studies significantly limits the strength of the findings. Also, the benefit/risk assessment of the use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy for RPL is still unclear.
FOXL2 Knockdown Inhibits the Progression of Endometriosis
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Shang‐Jin , Yuan Hua , Cong Shan‐Shan , Zhao Shao‐Jie , Yang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTProblemEndometriosis (EM) is known as a common estrogen‐dependent chronic inflammatory disease. Elevated levels of Forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) have been observed in uterine diseases, including EM. However, the molecular mechanism of FOXL2 in EM needs to be further illustrated. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of FOXL2 in EM rats and isolated ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EC‐ESCs).Method of StudyFOXL2 knockdown were designed to evaluate the effects of FOXL2 in EM model rats and EC‐ESCs. Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological morphology of ectopic endometrium. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to detect the expression of FOXL2, EM‐related genes, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition‐related proteins. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of EC‐ESCs were determined by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EDU) assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry.ResultsThe FOXL2 level was remarkably higher in the ectopic endometrial tissue than that in the normal endometrial tissue. Knockdown of FOXL2 notably improved the pathological morphology of EM in rats, and decreased expression levels of ER‐α, ER‐ß, and Cyp19a. Additionally, down‐regulation of FOXL2 suppressed cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and stimulated more apoptotic cells in EC‐ESCs. Besides, FOXL2‐small interfering RNA (FOXL2‐siRNA) treatment resulted in enhanced cleaved‐Caspase3 protein expression and cleaved‐Caspase3/Caspase3 ratio in EC‐ESCs.ConclusionFOXL2 participates in the occurrence and development of EM through promoting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition procession and enhancing the migration and invasion of EC‐ESCs, suggesting that FOXL2 may be a new therapeutic target for the EM therapy.
Immunotherapy on ICU: a narrative review
Authors: Carter Sef , Wigmore Timothy 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackgroundPatients with cancer account for 15% of all admissions to critical care and so an understanding of the pathophysiology and anticipated complications of specialist treatment is essential for the intensive care clinician. The development of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for haematological malignancies and immune checkpoint inhibitors for solid organ tumours has led to significant improvements in the prognosis of those patients whose tumours respond. This review is intended to provide the non‐specialist with an understanding of the current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of complications due to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignant disease.MethodsWe performed searches of electronic databases to identify relevant peer‐reviewed publications in the literature. Basic science; clinical trials; cohort studies; systematic reviews; meta‐analyses; and guidelines were eligible for inclusion. Abstracts were screened to identify publications relevant to immune effector cell toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy and immune‐related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.ResultsWhile the pathophysiology for toxicities due to chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors remains incompletely understood, targeted drug therapies have been successfully implemented for toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome. Corticosteroids remain an important component of pharmacological management. The diagnosis of toxicities remains largely clinical, and a high index of suspicion should remain for infective complications. Management of toxicities should be undertaken in conjunction with the patient's primary oncologist.ConclusionDespite significant advances in the development of targeted immunotherapy, the mechanism of action for the resultant toxicities remains poorly understood and limits the development of predictive models, diagnostic biomarkers and highly effective treatment options. Further research is needed to identify treatment regimens which minimise the use of corticosteroids in chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell and immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated toxicities.
The inequalities and challenges of prehabilitation before cancer surgery: a narrative review
Authors: Stewart Hilary , Stanley Sophie , Zhang Xiubin , Ashmore Lisa , Gaffney Christopher , Rycroft‐Malone Jo , Smith Andrew F. , Wareing Laura , Shelton Cliff 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntroductionPrehabilitation seeks to enhance functional capacity and preparedness before surgery with the aim of improving outcomes; it is generally based on exercise, diet and psychological interventions. While there is obvious appeal to this approach in terms of patient experience and resource use, the interventions are complex and the evidence base for prehabilitation before cancer surgery is heterogeneous. Prehabilitation requires patient understanding and motivation as well as commitment of resources. Programmes are challenging to design and implement, and can generate ‘intervention‐based inequalities’ based on the capacity of patients to engage. We present a narrative review on the inequalities and challenges of prehabilitation before cancer surgery.MethodsWe searched databases of peer‐reviewed research to identify appropriate articles. We used the results in combination with iterative searches based on citation tracking, grey literature (e.g. patient information resources) and articles from personal libraries, to develop our discussion.ResultsWe describe the uncertainties in the evidence base for prehabilitation before cancer surgery, and the challenges and barriers for healthcare providers, systems and patients. Key findings include that prehabilitation is under‐researched in many cancers and that people with lower health literacy, from minority ethnic groups and socio‐economically disadvantaged backgrounds, are less likely to engage, despite often having worse peri‐operative outcomes.DiscussionPrehabilitation must be implemented carefully to avoid widening inequalities. More research is needed, both in terms of the impact of interventions and to understand how prehabilitation should account for the social determinants of health.
Causes and management of acute oncological pain: a narrative review
Authors: Laycock Helen , Ramdin Candice , Grayer Justin , Brown Matthew R. D. 
Published: January 2025

SummaryIntroductionAcute pain in cancer is an important but often overlooked feature of many patients' oncological journey. Cancer‐related pain is associated commonly with more persistent pain states caused by both the disease and its treatment, but there are numerous causes of acute pain which can develop in patients with cancer. This pain is frequently severe, can be challenging to manage and its suboptimal control can directly impact on oncological outcomes. This narrative review provides an overview of several causes of acute pain in patients with cancer and management approaches.MethodsA focused literature review was conducted to encompass the search terms ‘acute pain’, ‘oncology’ and ‘cancer’ in adult and paediatric populations.ResultsAcute pain is common in patients with cancer with a number of pain generators identified. Broadly, these are disease‐ and treatment‐related but commonality in pain mechanisms and features are present. Importantly, these pain states do not occur in isolation; a patient may experience multiple acute pain episodes during their oncology journey.DiscussionAs the oncological treatment landscape shifts and increasing numbers of novel treatments are employed, the number of causes of acute pain in patients with cancer rises. This pain is often managed by non‐pain specialists and suboptimal control has a variety of deleterious effects. It is important that awareness of acute pain in the oncological population is increased and treatment approaches, which adopt a biopsychosocial structure, are optimised.
Postnatal cytomegalovirus infections did not alter amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography signals or general movements in preterm infants
Authors: Neubauer Vera , Gande Nina , Winkler Ira , Posod Anna , Schreiner Christina , Hammerl Marlene , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Griesmaier Elke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimControversy prevails about whether postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aimed to investigate whether amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) signals and General Movement Assessment (GMA) scores differed in very preterm infants with postnatal CMV infections.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐centre study, conducted at Innsbruck Medical University Hospital, Austria, between February 2011 and November 2018. We screened 461 infants born before 32 weeks of gestation for CMV infections. Their aEEG signals were analysed for the distribution of background activity patterns and their total maturation scores and component scores. The GMA was performed at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, term‐equivalent age and 3 months of corrected age.ResultsWe studied 20 infants (55% male) with postnatal CMV infections, born at a mean gestational age of 28.1 (25.3–30.7) weeks and a mean birth weight of 1064 (640–1600) grams. No differences were found in the aEEG signals or GMA scores between these infants and 441 uninfected controls.ConclusionPreterm infants with postnatal CMV infections showed no alterations in neonatal aEEG signals or GMA scores, compared with the uninfected controls. Longer follow‐up studies are needed to evaluate the effect of postnatal cytomegalovirus infections on later neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Work alienation through the dialectical lens
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Carminati Lara , Wilderom Celeste 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWork alienation (WA) is on the rise, especially in today's era of globalization and digitalization. However, its foundational ties to Marx and Hegel's conceptualizations are often overlooked. Despite extensive scholarly examination across disciplines, the conceptualization of WA remains plagued by a lack of consensus concerning its definitions, processes, and operationalizations. This systematic literature review identifies four major definitional approaches and their inherent limitations. First, equating WA with its antecedents diverts attention from its core mechanisms. Second, definition‐by‐negation leads to an underspecified construct, raising questions about empirical congruence. Third, defining WA through its correlates risks confusing it with different concepts. Fourth, expanding the construct of WA, to include distant constructs with surplus meanings, camouflages WA's essence, hindering a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. To enhance conceptual clarity, this paper aims to clarify WA's definitions, measurements, guiding theories, triggers, ramifications, and coping strategies within organizational contexts. Drawing from Hegel and Marx's dialectical lens, we compose a definition centered on a three‐faceted self‐other dialectic. Also, we present a three‐stage developmental model, illustrating how WA develops and manifests itself as the relationships among the self, others, and work‐life contexts evolve. By integrating elements from various management theories, we offer a fresh perspective for new research aimed at preventing WA. By addressing the theoretical and practical challenges that may arise, we emphasize the crucial role of Human Resource Management and team leaders in recognizing and mitigating WA to preserve vital individual, team, organizational and societal resources.
Impedance measurement for nondestructive venison pH estimation using touch‐type electrodes
Authors: Igarashi Akari , Muramoto Takayuki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe pH of venison is affected by deer capture methods, which affects its water‐holding capacity (WHC) during heating. Therefore, cooking or processing venison requires careful consideration of WHC at different pH levels. While this requires nondestructively measuring the pH of venison during distribution, there are no established methods to nondestructively distinguish between normal‐ and high‐pH meats. We investigated the relationship between the pH of venison and impedance measured with touch‐type electrodes. Significant negative correlations were found between pH before and after storage and drip loss (p < 0.05) and between impedance before storage using touch‐type electrodes measured at 10 kHz and pH after 24 h of storage (p < 0.01). These results provided an estimating equation (y = −0.10x + 10.84) that can be used to nondestructively determine the pH of venison (y) after 24 h of storage by measuring its impedance (x) before storage using touch‐type electrodes measured at 10 kHz (p < 0.01). Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of nondestructively estimating venison pH by measuring impedance using touch‐type electrodes.
Evaluation of Health Education Based on Pictograms and Video Sequences in the Prevention of Hand Eczema Among Hospital Cleaners: A Cluster‐Randomised Controlled Trial With 24 Weeks Follow‐Up
Authors: Sedeh Farnam Barati , Ullum Anna Glenn , Christensen Karl Bang , Mortensen Ole Steen , Michaelsdóttir Thórunn Elísabet , Stückler Sarah Gharabaghi , Jemec Gregor Borut Ernst , Ibler Kristina Sophie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is common among hospital cleaners, yet no specific prevention programme exists for this group in Denmark.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of visual aids (pictograms and video scenes) based on evidence‐based skin care and protection recommendations on HE outcomes, focusing on disease severity, point prevalence and skin care and protection knowledge.MethodsA cluster‐randomised controlled trial was conducted in professional cleaners from three Danish hospitals. Intervention Group A received pictograms, video clips and a short group‐based educational session. Intervention Group B received only pictograms and video clips. The control group received treatment as usual. HE severity and prevalence were assessed clinically, while knowledge was measured using self‐reported data.ResultsOut of 234 invited cleaners, 224 (96%) participated (Intervention Group A: 73, Intervention Group B: 78, Control Group: 73). After 24 weeks, both intervention groups showed significant reductions in HE severity and prevalence compared to the control group. Knowledge of skin care and protection also improved significantly in both intervention groups.ConclusionVisual aids effectively reduced HE prevalence and severity in hospital cleaners. Pictograms are a cost‐effective strategy that can be widely implemented, addressing the substantial burden of HE in the cleaning industry across diverse settings.
Do the Gödel Vignettes Involve a New Descriptivist Meaning? A Critical Discussion of Devitt and Porot's Elicited Production Test on Proper Names
Authors: D'Agruma Nicolò 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProper names—expressions such as “Barack Obama” or “New York”—play a crucial role in the philosophical debate on reference, that is, the relation that allows words to stand for entities of the world. In an elicited production test, Devitt and Porot prompt participants to use proper names to compare the Descriptivist Theory and the Causal‐Historical Theory on proper names’ reference. According to the Descriptivist Theory, names refer to the entity that fulfills the description that speakers associate with them. In contrast, the Causal‐Historical Theory holds that names refer to the entity at the origin of the causal‐historical chain of uses, regardless of any description. Devitt and Porot consider a criticism of their work, which they call “New‐Meaning objection”: upon reading the vignette, the participant gains access to some facts unknown to the people within the fictional scenario. As a consequence, the descriptivist participant may undertake the elicited production test by relying upon a new meaning that is in force within a linguistic community “in the know.” In that case, the Descriptivist Theory predicts the same name usage as the Causal‐Historical Theory. While Devitt and Porot address the objection also with a follow‐up experiment, they consider the criticism theoretically flawed, arguing that names do not change meaning any time speakers acquire new information about the world. In this article, I argue that, contrary to Devitt and Porot's claim, their vignette inclines the descriptivist participant to assume that the name has acquired a new meaning.
Meeting report about self‐organization in biology: Freiburg Spemann–Mangold Centennial Symposium
Authors: Kuwana Satoshi , Yasuoka Yuuri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFrom September 16 to 19, 2024, an international symposium to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of the gastrula organizer by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, was held at the University of Freiburg, Germany, where they studied embryology. There were 41 plenary lectures, 11 short talks, and 182 poster presentations, with more than 300 participants from 23 countries. The symposium covered research topics broadly related to developmental, cell, genome, and evolutionary biology, mainly focused on early animal development. In addition to in vivo studies on topics such as gastrulation, embryonic patterning, cell polarity, and morphogenesis, recent studies using gastruloids and organoids, which recapitulate embryogenesis and organogenesis in in vitro cell culture, were also presented at this symposium, entitled Self‐Organization in Biology. Most of the reported studies used vertebrate models such as mice, frogs, and zebrafish; however, evolutionary studies involving invertebrate and plant models were also presented. Presentations employing traditional methods such as cell transplantation and phenotype screening, and state‐of‐the‐art technologies such as single‐cell omics, high‐resolution imaging, and computational analysis showed that experimental embryology has a long history, to which studies of the organizer have contributed significantly. Here we discuss memorable aspects of the symposium in the hope that this report will encourage young scientists to actively participate in face‐to‐face international conferences.
A comparative approach to the microstructure in the carpus and tarsus in anurans
Authors: Fabrezi Marissa , Cruz Julio César 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the significant literature about morphological features of limb skeletons involved in tetrapod limb evolution, some questions about carpal and tarsal elements remain. In anurans, the ecomorphological and biomechanical approaches studied long hind limbs (to jump) and forelimbs (to land) and emphasized the role of the long bones in locomotion but disregarded what happens with the nodular elements of the carpus and tarsus. Here, we present a comparative study of nodular elements of the carpus and tarsus in anurans based on whole‐mount specimens stained with Alcian Blue (cartilage) and Alizarin Red S (bone and calcified cartilage). The sample comprises 113 species belonging to 33 anuran families and postmetamorphic series in selected species. Further, we analyze the histology of the carpus and tarsus in individuals of nine species. In most anurans, the carpal and tarsal elements are cartilaginous in adult stages. The cartilaginous matrix may present different degrees of calcification. Few taxa present truly ossified carpals and tarsals with marrow cavity, blood cells, and hematopoietic cells. Interpretation of the interspecific variation in the carpus and tarsus skeletons on the most recent anuran phylogeny suggests that the delayed ossification of carpals and tarsals has evolved in derived lineages (e.g. Pelobatoidea and Neobatrachia).