bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ingestion of Illicit Substances by Young Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raffa Brittany J. , Schilling Samantha , Henry M. Katherine , Ritter Victor , Bennett Colleen E. , Huang Jeannie S. , Laub Natalie 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceInformation about the trend in illicit substance ingestions among young children during the pandemic is limited.ObjectivesTo assess immediate and sustained changes in overall illicit substance ingestion rates among children younger than 6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to examine changes by substance type (amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, ethanol, and opioids) while controlling for differing statewide medicinal and recreational cannabis legalization policies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cross-sectional study using an interrupted time series at 46 tertiary care children’s hospitals within the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). Participants were children younger than 6 years who presented to a PHIS hospital for an illicit substance(s) ingestion between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Data were analyzed in February 2023.ExposureAbsence or presence of the COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The primary outcome was the monthly rate of encounters for illicit substance ingestions among children younger than 6 years defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code(s) for poisoning by amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, ethanol, and opioids. The secondary outcomes were the monthly rate of encounters for individual substances.ResultsAmong 7659 children presenting with ingestions, the mean (SD) age was 2.2 (1.3) years and 5825 (76.0%) were Medicaid insured/self-pay. There was a 25.6% (95% CI, 13.2%-39.4%) immediate increase in overall ingestions at the onset of the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, which was attributed to cannabis, opioid, and ethanol ingestions. There was a 1.8% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.4%) sustained monthly relative increase compared with prepandemic trends in overall ingestions which was due to opioids. There was no association between medicinal or recreational cannabis legalization and the rate of cannabis ingestion encounters.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of illicit substance ingestions in young children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an immediate and sustained increase in illicit substance ingestions during the pandemic. Additional studies are needed to contextualize these findings in the setting of pandemic-related stress and to identify interventions to prevent ingestions in face of such stress, such as improved parental mental health and substance treatment services, accessible childcare, and increased substance storage education.
The Muscle‐Gut‐Brain Axis and Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Scriven Mary , McSweeney Angela , O'Carroll Therese , Morkl Sabrina , Butler Mary I 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe microbiota‐gut‐brain axis (MGBA) has been the subject of much research over the past decade, offering an exciting new paradigm for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this review, the MGBA is extended to include skeletal muscle and the potential role of an expanded “muscle‐gut‐brain axis” (MuGBA) in conditions such as anxiety and depression is discussed. There is evidence, from both preclinical and human studies, of bidirectional links between the gut microbiome and skeletal muscle function and structure. The therapeutic role of exercise in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms is widely recognised, and the potential role of the gut microbiota‐skeletal muscle link is discussed within this context. Potential pathways of communication involved in the MuGBA including the tryptophan‐kynurenine pathway, intestinal permeability, immune modulation, and bacterial metabolites such as short‐chain‐fatty‐acids are explored.
Sonodynamic Bacterial Inactivation Enhanced by an Actuator‐Integrated Mechanism
Authors: Sun Xiang , Wei Mengshi , Pang Xin , Lin Lin , Gao Qiang , Su Lichao , Liu Ting , Yao Youliang , Song Jibin , Wang Wei , Yan Xiaohui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSonodynamic bacterial inactivation, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐empowered approach featuring high penetration depth and low health risk, is explored for antibiotic‐free antibacterial treatment. However, the low yield and insufficient diffusion of ROS negatively affect the antibacterial efficacy of sonodynamic treatment, thus hindering its further development. Here an actuator‐integrated mechanism is proposed for enhancing the sonodynamic efficacy of loaded sonosensitizers through motion‐induced hydrodynamic effects, demonstrated by a porphyrin‐decorated gold nanomotor, which can produce ROS for bacterial inactivation while performing multimodal motion via actuation using low‐frequency ultrasound. Corroborated by numerical simulation, the experimental results show that the motor's stirring motion significantly increases the yield and diffusion of ROS through fluid flow and frequent interactions between the motor and bacterial targets, resulting in doubled antibacterial efficiency in comparison to a stationary motor. Furthermore, the flow‐induced shear forces combined with the frequent interactions constitute a source of mechanical damage and can form a synergy with the antibacterial properties of ROS, enabling an efficient biofilm eradication that is inaccessible by freely suspended porphyrin. In conclusion, this study reports a motion‐based strategy to enhance sonodynamic efficacy and provides proof of concept using a sonodynamic gold nanomotor powered by ultrasound.
Micro‐/Nanohierarchical Structures Physically Engineered on Surfaces: Analysis and Perspective
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Han Hyeonseok , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Jeong Yongrok , Jung Young , Choi Jungrak , Cho Seokjoo , Jeon Sohee , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe high demand for micro‐/nanohierarchical structures as components of functional substrates, bioinspired devices, energy‐related electronics, and chemical/physical transducers has inspired their in‐depth studies and active development of the related fabrication techniques. In particular, significant progress has been achieved in hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces, which offer the advantages of wide‐range material compatibility, design diversity, and mechanical stability, and numerous unique structures with important niche applications have been developed. This review categorizes the basic components of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces according to function/shape and comprehensively summarizes the related advances, focusing on the fabrication strategies, ways of combining basic components, potential applications, and future research directions. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of hierarchical structures physically engineered on surfaces are compared based on the function of their basic components, which may help to avoid the bottlenecks of conventional single‐scale functional substrates. Thus, the present work is expected to provide a useful reference for scientists working on multicomponent functional substrates and inspire further research in this field.
LSM14B is an Oocyte‐Specific RNA‐Binding Protein Indispensable for Maternal mRNA Metabolism and Oocyte Development in Mice
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Hailian , Yang Chunhui , Su Ruibao , Long Min , Liu Jinliang , Shi Lanying , Xue Yuanchao , Su You‐Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMammalian oogenesis features reliance on the mRNAs produced and stored during early growth phase. These are essential for producing an oocyte competent to undergo meiotic maturation and embryogenesis later when oocytes are transcriptionally silent. The fate of maternal mRNAs hence ensures the success of oogenesis and the quality of the resulting eggs. Nevertheless, how the fate of maternal mRNAs is determined remains largely elusive. RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) are crucial regulators of oogenesis, yet the identity of the full complement of RBPs expressed in oocytes is unknown. Here, a global view of oocyte‐expressed RBPs is presented: mRNA‐interactome capture identifies 1396 RBPs in mouse oocytes. An analysis of one of these RBPs, LSM family member 14 (LSM14B), demonstrates that this RBP is specific to oocytes and associated with many networks essential for oogenesis. Deletion of Lsm14b results in female‐specific infertility and a phenotype characterized by oocytes incompetent to complete meiosis and early embryogenesis. LSM14B serves as an interaction hub for proteins and mRNAs throughout oocyte development and regulates translation of a subset of its bound mRNAs. Therefore, RNP complexes tethered by LSM14B are found exclusively in oocytes and are essential for the control of maternal mRNA fate and oocyte development.
Mechanically Adaptative and Environmentally Stable Ionogels for Energy Harvest
Authors: Zhao Wei , Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConverting building and environment heat into electricity is a promising strategy for energy harvest to tackle global energy and environmental problems. The processing challenges, mechanical brittleness, and low environmental tolerance of typical thermoelectric materials, however, prevent them from realizing their full potential when employed in outdoor building systems. Herein, a general concept based on synergistic ionic associations to significantly improve the mechanical properties and harsh environment stability for high‐performance ionic‐type thermoelectric (i‐TE) gels is explored. They demonstrate extraordinarily high stretchability (1300–2100%), fast self‐healing (120 s), temperature insensitivity, and great water‐proof performance, and could be painted on a variety of surfaces. The n‐type ionic Seebeck coefficient is up to −8.8 mV K−1 and the ionic conductivity is more than 0.14 mS cm−1. Both exhibit remarkable thermal and humidity stability (293–333 K, 20–100 RH%), which are rarely achieved in previous studies. Even on a cloudy day, the open‐circuit thermovoltage for a painted i‐TE array with an area of about 8.5 × 10−3 m2 is above 2 V. This research offers a promising approach for gathering significant waste heat and even solar energy on outside building surfaces in an effective and sustainable manner.
Transrectal Absorber Guide Raster‐Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy for Label‐Free In Vivo Assessment of Colitis
Authors: Buehler Adrian , Brown Emma , Paulus Lars‐Philip , Eckstein Markus , Thoma Oana‐Maria , Oraiopoulou Mariam‐Eleni , Rother Ulrich , Hoerning André , Hartmann Arndt , Neurath Markus F. , Woelfle Joachim , Friedrich Oliver , Waldner Maximilian J. , Knieling Ferdinand , Bohndiek Sarah E. , Regensburger Adrian P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptoacoustic imaging (OAI) enables microscale imaging of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin at significantly higher penetration depths compared to other optical imaging technologies. Raster‐scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) has recently been shown to identify superficial microvascular changes associated with human skin pathologies. In animal models, the imaging depth afforded by RSOM can enable entirely new capabilities for noninvasive imaging of vascular structures in the gastrointestinal tract, but exact localization of intra‐abdominal organs is still elusive. Herein the development and application of a novel transrectal absorber guide for RSOM (TAG‐RSOM) is presented to enable accurate transabdominal localization and assessment of colonic vascular networks in vivo. The potential of TAG‐RSOM is demonstrated through application during mild and severe acute colitis in mice. TAG‐RSOM enables visualization of transmural vascular networks, with changes in colon wall thickness, blood volume, and OAI signal intensities corresponding to colitis‐associated inflammatory changes. These findings suggest TAG‐RSOM can provide a novel monitoring tool in preclinical IBD models, refining animal procedures and underlines the capabilities of such technologies to address inflammatory bowel diseases in humans.
Pearl‐Structure‐Enhanced NASICON Cathode toward Ultrastable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Xin , Fu Wangqin , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jia‐Lin , Lü Hong‐Yan , Wu Xing‐Long , Ang Edison Huixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on the favorable ionic conductivity and structural stability, sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) materials especially utilizing multivalent redox reaction of vanadium are one of the most promising cathodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). To further boost their application in large‐scale energy storage production, a rational strategy is to tailor vanadium with earth‐abundant and cheap elements (such as Fe, Mn), reducing the cost and toxicity of vanadium‐based NASICON materials. Here, the Na3.05V1.03Fe0.97(PO4)3 (NVFP) is synthesized with highly conductive Ketjen Black (KB) by ball‐milling assisted sol‐gel method. The pearl‐like KB branch chains encircle the NVFP (p‐NVFP), the segregated particles possess promoted overall conductivity, balanced charge, and modulated crystal structure during electrochemical progress. The p‐NVFP obtains significantly enhanced ion diffusion ability and low volume change (2.99%). Meanwhile, it delivers a durable cycling performance (87.7% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at 5 C) in half cells. Surprisingly, the full cells of p‐NVFP reveal a remarkable capability of 84.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C with good cycling performance (capacity decay rate is 0.016% per cycle at 2 C). The structure modulation of the p‐NVFP provides a rational design on the superiority of others to be put into practice.
Encoding and Storage of Information in Mechanical Metamaterials
Authors: Meng Zhiqiang , Yan Hujie , Liu Mingchao , Qin Wenkai , Genin Guy M. , Chen Chang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInformation processing using material's own properties has gained increasing interest. Mechanical metamaterials, due to their diversity of deformation modes and wide design space, can be used to realize information processing, such as computing and storage. Here a mechanical metamaterial system is demonstrated for material‐based encoding and storage of data through programmed reconfigurations of the metamaterial's structured building blocks. Sequential encoding and decoding are achieved in the three‐dimensional (3D) printed pixelated mechanical metamaterial via kirigami‐based “pixels” with programmable, temperature‐dependent bistability. The mechanical metamaterial is demonstrated via a multistep deformation of encoding messages of texts and surfaces with arrays of binary data, and then decoding them by applying a predetermined stretching and heating regimen to sequentially retrieve layers of stored information and display them on its surface. This approach serves as a general framework to enable the encoding and storage of data with mechanical metamaterials.
A Microbial Cell Coating Based on a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte with Broad Reduction Potential Increases Inward and Outward Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Quek Glenn , McCuskey Samantha R. , Vázquez Ricardo Javier , Cox‐Vázquez Sarah J. , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBioelectrochemical systems hold the promise of enabling sustainable microbial‐mediated energy interconversion between electrical and chemical energy. Herein, it is demonstrated how a single conjugated polymer can be used to enhance bidirectional extracellular electron transfer through forming self‐assembled coatings on individual cells. Specifically, the n‐type conjugated polyelectrolyte p(cNDI‐gT2) exhibits a reduction potential window between −0.1 and −0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl), thereby driving thermodynamically favored electron transfer in both directions across the abiotic‐biotic interface that involves the outer membrane cytochromes and flavins of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. Electrochemical tests show that injection from an external electrode into Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 is enabled at negative potentials (−0.6 V), while electron extraction is possible at positive potentials (0.2 V). Relative to controls, the biohybrid shows a sixfold increase in biocurrent generation and a 35‐fold increase in current uptake for the bioelectrosynthesis of succinate from fumarate. This demonstrated abiotic‐biotic synergy provides new strategies for designing multifunctional biohybrids.
Epitaxial Design of Complex Nickelates as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Choi Min‐Ju , Wang Le , Stoerzinger Kelsey A. , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Chambers Scott A. , Du Yingge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a crucial process in electrochemical water splitting, a promising technology to renewably yield hydrogen gas from water. Designing and developing earth‐abundant, efficient, and stable OER electrocatalysts to replace the most widely used but scarce RuO2 and IrO2 are thus of critical interest. Recently, ABO3‐structured perovskite oxides, especially rare‐earth nickelates, are extensively studied for their potential use as OER electrocatalysts. In particular, the epitaxial synthesis of complex oxide thin films allows flexible and precise control over the materials so that their structure–stability–property relationships can be established. Using nickelate thin films as model systems, this review illustrates how epitaxial design allows researchers to test different hypotheses and proposed descriptors, as well as formulate new design principles. Following a brief introduction to the background of OER mechanisms, proposed activity descriptors, and synthesis methods, various epitaxial design strategies are surveyed including strain tuning, composition control, surface termination/orientation selection, defect engineering, and interface design. These have led to precise control over the atomic structures and electronic properties of nickelates which in turn determine their electrochemical performance. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives toward a deeper understanding and use of complex oxides as OER catalysts are discussed.
Divergent Synthesis of Alcohols and Ketones via Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Alcohols under Manganese Catalysis
Authors: Sun Feixiang , Huang Jiamin , Wei Zhihong , Tang Conghui , Liu Weiping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA homogeneous manganese‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of two secondary alcohols for the divergent synthesis of γ‐disubstituted alcohols and β‐disubstituted ketones is reported. Employing the well‐defined Mn‐MACHOPh as the catalyst, this novel protocol has a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance and affords a diverse library of valuable disubstituted alcohols and ketones in moderate to good yields. The strong influence of the reaction temperature on the selective formation of alcohol products was theorized in preliminary DFT studies. Studies have shown that the Gibbs free energy of the formation of alcohols is thermodynamically more favourable than corresponding ketones at a lower temperature.
Bio‐Inspired Aerobic‐Hydrophobic Janus Interface on Partially Carbonized Iron Heterostructure Promotes Bifunctional Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Zong Wei , Gao Haiqi , Ouyang Yue , Chu Kaibin , Guo Hele , Zhang Leiqian , Zhang Wei , Chen Ruwei , Dai Yuhang , Guo Fei , Zhu Jiexin , Zhang Zhenfang , Ye Chumei , Miao Yue‐E. , Hofkens Johan , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompetition from hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions and low solubility of N2 in aqueous systems limited the selectivity and activity on nitrogen fixation reaction. Herein, we design an aerobic‐hydrophobic Janus structure by introducing fluorinated modification on porous carbon nanofibers embedded with partially carbonized iron heterojunctions (Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F). The simulations prove that the Janus structure can keep the internal Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F away from water infiltration and endow a N2 molecular‐concentrating effect, suppressing the competing reactions and overcoming the mass‐transfer limitations to build a robust “quasi‐solid–gas” state micro‐domain around the catalyst surface. In this proof‐of‐concept system, the Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for nitrogen fixation (NH3 yield rate up to 29.2 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and Faraday efficiency (FE) up to 27.8 % in nitrogen reduction reaction; NO3− yield rate up to 15.7 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and FE up to 3.4 % in nitrogen oxidation reaction).
Integration of reactor network synthesis: A literature review and opportunities for future research
Authors: Zhou Chunli , Deng Jinglin , Gao Feng , Zhu Yin , Jia Chenyang , Wang Jingtao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe reactor network synthesis (RNS) is one of the subtopics of the chemical process synthesis, the purpose of which is to find an optimal reactor network for the specific objective function of the studied reaction system. This review discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various methods of RNS, together with the state of the research in each field. These methods could be divided into four categories: the process‐based approach (such as the attainable region, the targeting approach, and the method based on the elementary process functions), superstructure‐based approach, stochastic optimization, and parametric method. Finally, the paper discusses the existing problems of RNS in academic researches and practical applications, as well as its research directions in the future. This paper is helpful to the readers who have interests in the design and optimization of the reactor networks.
Microplastics in sediments of the river Rhine—A workflow for preparation and analysis of sediment samples from aquatic river systems for monitoring purposes
Authors: Wiesner Yosri , Hoffmann Thomas , Range David , Altmann Korinna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MP) can be detected in all environmental systems. Marine and terrestrial aquatic systems, especially the transported suspended solids, have often been the focus of scientific investigations in the past. Sediments of aquatic river systems, on the other hand, were often ignored due to the time‐consuming sample preparation and analysis procedures. Spectroscopic measurement methods counting particle numbers are hardly suitable as detection methods, because there are plenty of natural particles next to a small number of MP particles. Integral methods, such as thermoanalytical methods are determining the particle mass independently of the inorganic components.In this study, a workflow for sample preparation via density separation and subsequent analysis by thermal extraction desorption‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented, which leads to representative and homogeneous samples and allows fast and robust MP mass content measurements suitable for routine analysis. Polymers were identified and quantified in all samples. Polyethylene and styrene‐butadiene rubber are the dominant polymers, besides polypropylene and polystyrene. Overall, total polymer masses between 1.18 and 337.0 µg/g could be determined. Highest MP concentrations in riverbed sediment are found in sites characterized by low flow velocities in harbors and reservoirs, while MP concentrations in sandy/gravelly bed sediments with higher flow velocities are small.