bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on the efficacy of tranexamic acid in head and neck surgery
Authors: Jamshaid Warda , Jamshaid Maryam , Coulson Chris , Sharma Neil , Muzaffar Jameel , Nieto Hannah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative and postoperative blood loss is a major risk in head and neck (H&N) surgery. Recently the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) has been investigated by multiple studies for reducing intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, however reported results are variable.ObjectivesTo determine the safety and efficacy of TXA use in H&N surgery.MethodsSystematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Clinicaltrials.gov according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they reported on intraoperative bleeding, volume or duration of postoperative drain or return to theatre rate for postoperative haemorrhage in adult populations following use of TXA. Risk of bias assessment with Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2) tool for randomised controlled trials and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool for non‐randomised studies.ResultsSixteen studies were identified (114 407 patients). Eight studies evaluated TXA in major H&N surgery and eight studies in tonsillectomy. Primary outcomes were reduction in intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. Secondary outcomes included the duration of postoperative drain placement and return to theatre rate. No adverse events were reported in any patients. TXA is effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss in tonsillectomy. However, the effect on posttonsillectomy haemorrhage was unclear. Insufficient evidence exists of benefit of TXA on intraoperative bleeding in major H&N procedures. Postoperative drainage volumes were significantly reduced in most major H&N studies. The duration of drain placement and risk of blood transfusion was unchanged in most cases.ConclusionTXA use is safe in H&N patients. Whilst sufficient evidence exists to support the use of TXA in tonsillectomy, insufficient evidence exists to recommend use in major H&N surgery.
Why stigma matters in addressing alcohol harm
Authors: Morris James , Schomerus Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlcohol problems are amongst the most stigmatised of conditions, resulting in multiple additional harms for people with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol stigma encompasses widely endorsed negative stereotypes leading to prejudice and discrimination towards people with alcohol use disorder. Self‐stigma further harms individuals through preventing and undermining recovery. The persistence of alcohol stigma highlights the limitations of an illness model of alcohol use disorder for stigma reduction; in fact, many groups inadvertently reinforce stigma by emphasising the artificial line between ‘normal’ drinkers and the pathologised ‘alcoholic other’. A public health case for alcohol stigma reduction highlights the need to address this societal false dichotomisation of problem drinkers. Promoting a continuum‐aligned model of alcohol use disorder, a dynamic model of responsibility, and other evidence‐led approaches such as person‐first language by key stakeholders are recommended.
How much do development partners invest in disaster risk reduction? A data analysis
Authors: Lee Suyeon 
Published: April 2023

SummaryMotivationMost weather‐related disasters occur in the world's poorest countries, which have the least capacity to cope. Due to the absence of a clear classification of DRR aid, donors and recipient countries have not known the amount of DRR aid flowing or its effectiveness in terms of supporting disaster risk management in developing countries.PurposeIn 2018, the OECD DAC created a new policy marker for DRR to help donor countries to monitor and report the progress made on mainstreaming DRR into their development activities. Drawing on this DRR marker, this study identifies trends and patterns as well as limitations in the DRR mainstreaming process to guide donor countries to successfully deliver the DRR goals.Methods and approachWhen reporting to the OECD DAC, donors are asked to provide information on the purpose of individual projects/programmes, and screen against all policy markers in the reporting system. Using this data, this study conducted an in‐depth analysis of donor countries' development portfolios to provide a comprehensive and granular picture of the funding streams and practices concerning DRR.FindingsThis study revealed that current spending on DRR remains a tiny fraction of total development aid. Even after the creation of the DRR marker, which raised donors' awareness of the importance of integrating DRR into development planning, no substantial increase in DRR funding has been made. This implies that most official development assistance from DAC members still fails to consider DRR in any meaningful way.Policy implicationsImportant areas for improvement include a more comprehensive understanding of disaster risk, increased funding for activities that principally target DRR, financial stability, and further integration of DRR and climate change adaptation into development projects.
Plasma biomarkers in adolescents with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder
Authors: Zakowicz Przemysław , Skibińska Maria , Waśniewski Filip , Skulimowski Bartosz , Pawlak Joanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimSchizophrenia onset in the developmental age has a strong neurodevelopmental burden and is associated with a poorer prognosis. The approach to diagnosis is still based on symptomatic description without objective validation. In this study, we aimed to compare the peripheral blood levels of hypothesized biomarker proteins: brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), proBDNF, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and S100B between early‐onset schizophrenia‐spectrum adolescents (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 34).MethodsClinical assessment of the participants encompassed symptomatic description with the use of structured interviews and executive function objective measurement. Plasma levels of BDNF protein were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients than in controls both at admission (p = .003) and 6–8 weeks follow‐up (p = .007).ResultsWe observed significant correlations between BDNF, proBDNF and p75NTR levels and positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) scores, p75NTR and S100B levels and suicidal parameters, as well as a correlation of BDNF plasma level with the risky decision‐making style in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).ConclusionsThe results indicate a potential value of studied proteins as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease's course.
The association between early traumatic experiences and the five domains of negative symptoms in participants at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Ayawvi Gifty , Berglund Alysia M. , James Sydney H. , Luther Lauren , Walker Elaine F. , Mittal Vijay A. , Strauss Gregory P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimYouth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have high rates of early life trauma, but it is unclear how trauma exposure impacts later negative symptom severity in CHR. The current study examined the association between early childhood trauma and the five domains of negative symptoms (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, blunted affect, alogia).MethodEighty nine participants completed interviewer‐rated measures of childhood trauma and abuse experienced before age 16, psychosis risk, and negative symptoms.ResultsHigher global negative symptom severity was associated with greater exposure to childhood psychological bullying, physical bullying, emotional neglect, psychological abuse, and physical abuse. Greater severity of avolition and asociality was associated with physical bullying. Greater severity of avolition was associated with emotional neglect.ConclusionEarly adversity and childhood trauma is associated with negative symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood among participants at CHR for psychosis.
Digital mental health interventions for school teachers – A narrative review
Authors: Costardi Carlos Gustavo , D'agostini Ana Carolina C. , Pan Pedro Mario , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimSchool teachers face the paradox of being in a privileged position to act in youth mental health prevention, but in a vulnerable position for not receiving adequate training and personal support. Digital interventions can provide unexpensive tools and narrow this gap in a large scale without major structural changes. We aimed to synthesize the evidence for digital mental health interventions for school teachers.MethodsStudies published from any date until August 2022 were identified through a literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase, ScIELO, and Cochrane Central databases. The studies included evaluated digital interventions targeting school teachers to deal with their own mental health or to assist them in the management of students' mental health. Studies that addressed school‐based digital mental health interventions, but directly targeted students, parents, or specifically other professionals were not included.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 5626 hits and several interventions were described, but only 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, none of which focused on teachers' mental health. There was some evidence that these interventions improved knowledge about general or specific topics in mental health, and most studies also reported gains in preparedness, confidence, and attitudes towards mental health.ConclusionsThe studies identified in this review provide initial support for teacher‐focused mental health digital interventions. However, we discuss limitations regarding study designs and data quality. We also discuss barriers, challenges, and the need for effective evidence‐based interventions.
Unity or commitment: A generational view of innovation in family firms
Authors: Meroño‐Cerdán Angel L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTaking a qualitative approach, this study aims to identify the effects of family involvement on firms' innovation decisions and examine how this relationship is affected by the presence or absence of firm founders. Content analysis facilitates building a map to identify two modes of family influence on business and innovation: the business‐first and family‐first modes. In the former, commitment and long‐term orientation encourage innovation as the principal means of survival, especially when the founder is no longer present. In the latter, unity constrains innovation, most commonly in firms led by a present founder. In contrast to the tenets of the socioemotional wealth approach, a first‐generation family firm may suffer from myopia when family interests prevail over the firm's interests, even when business continuity is at stake.
Geographical and climate‐dependent patterns in spatial distributions of snail (Mollusca: Gastropoda) assemblages in freshwater wetlands across Northeast China
Authors: Guan Qiang , Wu Haitao , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhongsheng , Xue Zhenshan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

A central goal of community ecology and biogeography involves understanding the spatial patterns of organisms and their underlying mechanisms. Understanding how the structure of wetland biomes vary throughout geographical or climatic gradients has critical implications for the ecological restoration and management of wetlands. However, the geographical patterns of snails in freshwater wetlands and the relative contributions of climatic and local environment variables remain poorly elucidated.

We investigated 126 freshwater wetlands across four ecoregions (Da Xing'an Mountains, Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Changbai Mountains) in Northeast China, and collected 105578 individual snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) belonging to 17 families, 34 genera and 64 species.

Overall, snail richness and functional alpha diversity was higher in the wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain than the other three regions. Multivariate analyses results revealed that the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic structures of snail assemblages differed significantly across the four regions. Higher taxonomic dissimilarities, as well as functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities existed between the wetlands of the Songnen Plain and the other three regions.

The variations in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic structures of snail assemblages were predominantly explained by climatic variables rather than by local environmental variables. For taxonomic structure, salinity explained the greatest variation among all variables, whereas precipitation seasonality explained the greatest variation for functional and phylogenetic structure.

Considering extant patterns in assemblage structure and its predictors, aggravated salinization and seasonality of precipitation are expected to act as powerful factors shaping future assemblages. Also, climate‐related factors cause changes and spatial distribution of invertebrate assemblages of freshwater wetlands should be considered to formulate differentiated strategy for biodiversity conservation.
Temperature‐dependent mechanical and oxidation behavior of in situ formed ZrN/ZrO2‐containing Si3N4‐based composite
Authors: Liu Jiongjie , Li Wei , Ricohermoso Emmanuel , Qiao Zhuihui , Dai Qingwen , Liu Xingmin , Xie Wenjie , Ionescu Emanuel , Weidenkaff Anke , Riedel Ralf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, Si3N4 and Zr(NO3)4 were used as raw materials to prepare ZrN/ZrO2‐containing Si3N4‐based ceramic composite. The processing, phase composition, and microstructure of the composite were investigated. Hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics were evaluated via Vickers indentation in Ar at 25°C, 300°C, 600°C, and 900°C. During spark plasma sintering, Zr(NO3)4 was transformed into tetragonal ZrO2, which further reacted with Si3N4, resulting in the formation of ZrN. The introduction of ZrN enhanced the high‐temperature mechanical properties of the composite, and its hardness and fracture toughness reached 13.4 GPa and 6.1 MPa·m1/2 at 900°C, respectively. The oxidation experiment was carried out in air at 1000°C, 1300°C, and 1500°C for 5 h. It was shown that high‐temperature oxidation promoted the formation and growth of porous oxide layers. The microstructure and phase composition of the formed oxide layers were investigated in detail. Finally, it was identified that the obtained composite exhibited a higher thermal diffusivity than that of monolithic Si3N4 in the temperature range of 100°C–1000°C.
“A marriage without fidelity is a house without a foundation”: Black Brazilian women's demands for respect in marriage
Authors: Medeiros Melanie A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEthnographic studies of romantic love and companionate marriage in Latin America and the Caribbean focus on why and how intimate ideologies are changing, the effects of these changes for couples and communities, and the complexities surrounding the practical and symbolic meanings of money and love. Here, I discuss how in a community in which the romantic love and companionate marriage ideals seemed unattainable due to the prevalence of infidelity, Black women emphasized the locally salient value of respect in their discourses surrounding marriage. I explore how women's and men's competing views on respect represented shifts in women's agency, household authority, and the marital bargain. I argue that the perspectives of working‐class Black Brazilian women reveal how the value of respect is central to the dignity and self‐respect of minoritized and marginalized women and why, for these women, the disrespect of infidelity was the impetus for divorce.
A child with generalized hypertrichosis due to secondary topical minoxidil exposure
Authors: Maltoni Giulio , Cedirian Stephano , Scozzarella Andrea , Bernardini Luca , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Starace Michela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypertrichosis is defined as excessive hair growth anywhere on the body in either males or females. It may be caused by genetic conditions, endocrinological disorders, exposure to specific medications (including phenytoin, minoxidil and diazoxide) and other less frequent causes. We report the case of a 1‐year‐old boy with a family history of thyroid disease and alopecia areata who presented with generalized hypertrichosis due to secondary exposure to topical minoxidil. We discuss an uncommon cause of hypertrichosis and the importance of considering a wide differential diagnosis.
Seasonal dynamics of inoculum of Botryosphaeriaceae in macadamia orchards in Australia
Authors: Mohankumar Vheena , Dann Elizabeth K. , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacadamia (Macadamia integrifolia and M. tetraphylla and their hybrids) is a tree nut crop affected by Botryosphaeria branch dieback. The disease results in branch and tree death in commercial orchards, so reducing the productivity of the Australian macadamia industry. There is a dearth of knowledge of the disease cycle in macadamia, which confounds disease management. This study investigated the dynamics of pathogen inoculum associated with Botryosphaeria branch dieback and the influence of environmental factors (temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) on the seasonal spore release within the orchards. Diseased and asymptomatic plant parts from macadamia trees were collected each season for 3 years in commercial orchards. Fungal structures (pycnidia and pseudothecia) mainly were (71%) observed on symptomatic wood samples. A comparison of the number of spores released from the fungal structures between summer and autumn revealed high concentrations of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae from diseased wood (4.8 × 104 conidia/cm2) and Neofusicoccum luteum from blighted leaves (2.1 × 103 conidia/cm2). The peak airborne conidia dispersal period, quantified using microscopy and quantitative PCR assays, was consistently detected after rainfall and strongly associated with relative humidity over 70% and temperatures between 20 and 27°C during summer and autumn. Botryosphaeriaceae isolates obtained from the pycnidia on the macadamia trees caused severe branch dieback symptoms when inoculated on detached macadamia twigs, which suggests both airborne and rain‐splashed spores from fungal structures on the trees contribute to the disease in macadamia orchards.
The P600 as a continuous index of integration effort
Authors: Aurnhammer Christoph , Delogu Francesca , Brouwer Harm , Crocker Matthew W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe integration of word meaning into an unfolding utterance representation is a core operation of incremental language comprehension. There is considerable debate, however, as to which component of the ERP signal—the N400 or the P600—directly reflects integrative processes, with far reaching consequences for the temporal organization and architecture of the comprehension system. Multi‐stream models maintaining the N400 as integration crucially rely on the presence of a semantically attractive plausible alternative interpretation to account for the absence of an N400 effect in response to certain semantic anomalies, as reported in previous studies. The single‐stream Retrieval–Integration account posits the P600 as an index of integration, further predicting that its amplitude varies continuously with integrative effort. Here, we directly test these competing hypotheses using a context manipulation design in which a semantically attractive alternative is either available or not, and target word plausibility is varied across three levels. An initial self‐paced reading study revealed graded reading times for plausibility, suggesting differential integration effort. A subsequent ERP study showed no N400 differences across conditions, and that P600 amplitude is graded for plausibility. These findings are inconsistent with the interpretation of the N400 as an index of integration, as no N400 effect emerged even in the absence of a semantically attractive alternative. By contrast, the link between plausibility, reading times, and P600 amplitude supports the view that the P600 is a continuous index of integration effort. More generally, our results support a single‐stream architecture and eschew the need for multi‐stream accounts.
Genetic group and swim‐up processing affect SYBR Green real‐time PCR‐based porcine semen sex ratio in Landrace and its crossbred boars
Authors: Santhosh Ameya , Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Yadav Vandana , Darji Mayank , Sonwane Arvind A. , Srivastava Neeraj , Panigrahi Manjit , Gaur Gyanendra Kumar , Kumar Pushpendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDetermination of factors affecting sex ratio is important while considering application of sex ratio enrichment approach. Present study aimed to design a SYBR Green qPCR‐based method for measurement of primary sex ratio and to evaluate different factors (genetic group, sire, spermiogenic cycle and processing layer) affecting boar sperm sex ratio. The qPCR was based on relative copy number analysis of sex chromosome‐specific single copy gene fragments with an autosomal gene as reference and was evaluated using DNA dilution series from pigs with numerically normal karyotype. The sex ratio was estimated from genomic DNA samples isolated from boar semen collected from different genetic groups at different time points and different processing layers. The X chromosome frequencies of semen samples revealed significant effect of genetic group. However, significant variation was observed neither within same genetic group nor between ejaculates of different spermatogenic cycles. Among the processing techniques studied, swim‐up technique produced a significant X sperm enrichment in comparison to control whereas, Percoll density gradient failed to show any significant difference among layers. The lower layer in swim‐up technique was found to contain higher proportion of X sperms. The designed qPCR is found to be an easy, less time‐consuming method and does not require high end laboratory facilities or the specialized expertise. The lower layer of swim‐up processing has a scope for X sperm enrichment in boar semen with proper validation.
Assessing the option water‐saving willingness of irrigation areas considering farmers’ risk tolerance
Authors: Cai Xun , Yao Liming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater option trading could facilitate water conservation in irrigation areas to achieve optimal allocation of agricultural water resources. However, the risk associated with water‐saving decisions increases due to the uncertainties of tradeable water and water‐saving benefits, which makes farmers in the irrigation area with heterogeneous risk tolerances exhibit varied option water‐saving willingness (OWSW) in response to the water option contract. Thus, this article provides a novel framework for prior assessing the OWSW in the irrigated area that considers farmers’ heterogeneous risk tolerance and proposes the optimal contractual water demand to stimulate the OWSW. First, a multiobjective optimal allocation model for cropping water is constructed to predict tradeable water, and then risk trust, risk‐return perception and reference are integrated into water‐saving return analysis for proposing a willingness calculation model involving forecast information. Finally, the influence of heterogeneous risk tolerance on farmers’ water‐saving path choices and the irrigation area's OWSW is analyzed with three sets of comparative data from 2014 to 2021. Results indicate that the intensity and stability of OWSW in water‐scarce irrigation areas increase as farmers’ risk tolerance rises, but the enhancement utility exhibits a diminishing marginal trend. When both prediction accuracy and farmers’ risk tolerance are low, contracts with relatively adventurous and differentiated water demands are more likely to stimulate OWSW. This study provides insights into activating water options trading and stimulating water conservation in agriculture from a risk management perspective.