bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Brief Admission Effective for Individuals With Lived Experience of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) When Experiencing Crisis? A Mixed Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Sin‐Ying , Hope Judith 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBrief admission has been widely used to support individuals with lived experience of borderline personality disorder (BPD) who are experiencing crisis. This study updates a previous 2014 systematic review of the effectiveness of brief admission for individuals with BPD. Following PRISMA guidelines, four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane library) were searched from 2011. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts followed by full texts against predefined inclusion criteria. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to heterogeneity of studies, meta‐analysis was not conducted. Instead, a convergent segregated mixed method was used for data analysis. A total of 4465 studies were screened. Six studies were included in this review: one randomised controlled trial (RCT), two non‐RCT quantitative studies and three qualitative studies. All the studies were conducted in European countries; all were adjunctive to community treatment. All the eligible qualitative and RCT studies met the full MMAT criterion, whereas the eligible non‐RCT quantitative studies met four of the five criteria. Objective outcomes in terms of rehospitalisation rates showed conflicting evidence. Data integration indicated that the improvement in symptoms and quality of life can be explained by the qualitative findings of positive self‐impact. Brief admission as a crisis management tool is acceptable and can be effective. The quality of inpatient care and preplanning appear important in achieving good outcomes. More rigorous evidence is needed to understand the effect on subsequent admission frequency. The effectiveness of admissions unplanned or unlinked to community treatment remains under‐investigated.
Effect of configurational entropy on the mechanical and thermal properties of rare earth aluminates‐rare earth zirconates composite
Authors: Feng Yingjie , Liu Xiangyang , Han Yi , Zhang Zijian , Wang Wei , Liu Guanghua , Sun Jian , Liu Wei , Pan Wei , Wan Chunlei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo improve the working temperature of gas turbines, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to replace the meta‐stable Y2O3 partially stabilized ZrO2 have been explored for decades. Rare earth zirconates (RE2Zr2O7) are regarded as an excellent candidate for next‐generation thermal barrier coatings. However, the low fracture toughness of rare earth zirconates is the main hindrance, while the rare earth aluminates (REAlO3) can be imported into the system to toughen the zirconates. In this work, we introduced multiple rare earth elements to explore the effects of configurational entropy on the mechanical and thermal properties of REAlO3‐RE2Zr2O7 composites. When the high entropy REAlO3‐RE2Zr2O7 composites with 3, 4, and 5 rare earth elements on A site were successfully synthesized, the phases of zirconates and aluminates were kept and the rare earth elements were distributed uniformly. We found that the increase in configurational entropy profoundly improved the fracture toughness of the composites by the entropy effect. The fracture toughness of HE‐RAO‐RZO‐5 reached 3.81 ± 0.66 MPam1/2 measured by the single‐edge notched beam (SENB) method, exceeding the fracture toughness given by the mixing rule by ∼18%, which is among the best values of new TBC materials. Meanwhile, the coefficient of thermal expansion can be tuned by the compositions and the hardness, Young's modulus and thermal conductivity of the composites remained almost unchanged. As a result, we proved that the introduction of configurational entropy could be an excellent method to improve the fracture toughness and tailor the thermal properties of REAlO3‐RE2Zr2O7 composites.
Interactions Between Woolly Whiteflies and Their Parasitoid Wasp: Development, Competition, and Reproductive Potential
Authors: Hanuka Gila , Scharf Inon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhiteflies are important pests that severely impact crop yield through feeding and as vectors of pathogens. We focus on the woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus, and its parasitoid wasp, Cales noacki, used for biological control. This research is motivated by the challenges of managing whitefly populations, intensified by the limitations of pesticides and the increasing prevalence of whitefly infestations in new regions worldwide. Our findings reveal that parasitism by Cales noacki prolongs the development time of woolly whiteflies when the whitefly eventually overcomes the parasitoid. Wasps emerging from the fourth instar of the whitefly nymphs were larger and had higher reproductive potential than those emerging from earlier instars. We found a positive correlation between wasp size and the number of eggs in the ovary for wasps emerging from the third instar of the whitefly nymphs. However, no such correlation was found for wasps emerging from the fourth instar. Additionally, competition between whiteflies and other common pests, such as citrus mealybugs and citrus mites, seemed to hinder the emergence success of whiteflies, suggesting that multi‐pest interactions could affect biological control strategies. These results demonstrate the complex life‐history interactions between woolly whiteflies and their parasitoid wasps, pointing to the importance of integrating ecological considerations into pest management practices. Understanding these dynamics is important for developing effective control methods, especially in the face of global climate change, which might further reduce the efficiency of parasitoid wasps.
What is a Good Outcome of an Inpatient Perinatal Mental Health Admission? Developing an Innovative Evaluation Plan for a New Unit
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Green Alison , Lim‐Gibson Sylvia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleDeveloping a feasible and sensitive evaluation strategy for a new mental health service is a challenge that requires consideration of what a service is trying to achieve and what a ‘good’ outcome might look like. Perinatal mental illnesses are complex in their causes and treatment. Mother Baby Units provide specialist perinatal mental health care to parents experiencing mental illness in the perinatal period, with evaluations demonstrating clinical and social outcomes. There has however been remarkably little research on how MBUs achieve these outcomes.MethodThis paper outlines the process and components of designing an evaluation plan for a new perinatal mental health unit, summarising outcome measures considered and the methodology of the evaluation strategy.ResultsA meaningful realist approach was designed. This innovative dualistic methodology is intended to develop theories of what might cause change while also considering what components of interventions parents experience as meaningful.ConclusionArticulating the approach to evaluation provides a contribution to evaluation knowledge for others evaluating complex public health interventions. The relational nature of perinatal mental health experiences challenges individualistic approaches to care delivery, funding and evaluation. As part of service establishment, there is a need to consider what a ‘good’ outcome of care might be and to develop evaluation approaches that capture the relational components of recovery as well as the factors that support families to sustain change.
The Role of Double‐Zero‐Event Studies in Evidence Synthesis: Evaluating Robustness Using the Fragility Index
Authors: Wang Zelin , Xing Xing , Mun Eun‐Young , Wu Chong , Lin Lifeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleZero‐event counts are common in clinical studies, particularly when assessing rare adverse events. These occurrences can result from low event rates, short follow‐up periods, and small sample sizes. When both intervention and control groups report zero events in a clinical trial, the study is referred to as a double‐zero‐event study, which presents methodological challenges for evidence synthesis. There has been ongoing debate about whether these studies should be excluded from evidence synthesis, as traditional two‐stage meta‐analysis methods may not estimate an effect size for them. Recent research suggests that these studies may still contain valuable clinical and statistical information.Aims and ObjectivesThis study examines the role of double‐zero‐event studies from the perspective of the fragility index (FI), a popular metric for assessing the robustness of clinical results. We aim to determine how including or excluding double‐zero‐event studies affects FI derivations in meta‐analyses.MethodsWe conducted an illustrative case study to demonstrate how double‐zero‐event studies can impact FI derivations. Additionally, we performed a large‐scale analysis of 12,184 Cochrane meta‐analyses involving zero‐event studies to assess the prevalence and effect of double‐zero‐event studies on FI calculations.ResultsOur analysis revealed that FI derivations in 6608 (54.2%) of these meta‐analyses involved double‐zero‐event studies. Excluding double‐zero‐event studies could lead to artificially inflated FI values, potentially misrepresenting the results as more robust than they are.ConclusionsWe advocate for retaining double‐zero‐event studies in meta‐analyses and emphasise the importance of carefully considering their role in FI assessments. Including these studies ensures a more accurate evaluation of the robustness of clinical results in evidence synthesis.
The interaction of nutrient uptake with biotic and abiotic stresses in plantsFA
Authors: Wang Lingyan , Ju Chuanfeng , Han Chao , Yu Zhenghao , Bai Ming‐Yi , Wang Cun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPlants depend heavily on efficient nutrient uptake and utilization for optimal growth and development. However, plants are constantly subjected to a diverse array of biotic stresses, such as pathogen infections, insect pests, and herbivory, as well as abiotic stress like drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and nutrient imbalances. These stresses significantly impact the plant's ability to take up nutrient and use it efficiency. Understanding how plants maintain nutrient uptake and use efficiency under biotic and abiotic stress conditions is crucial for improving crop resilience and sustainability. This review explores the recent advancements in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency in plants under such stress conditions. Our aim is to offer a comprehensive perspective that can guide the breeding of stress‐tolerant and nutrition‐efficient crop varieties, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture.
Comparing Caste and Race: A Terrible Idea
Authors: Pal Satanik 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIsabel Wilkerson's recent publication has sparked an academic debate regarding the true nature of social hierarchies in South Asia and the West. This article conducts a comparative historical sociology of caste in South Asia, and race in the US, to demonstrate structural differences between these two modes of social stratification. Although caste groups in South Asia had greater possibilities of social mobility and intermarriages, interracial sex and marriage were legally prevented between Whites and non‐Whites in the United States. This was because most castes in South Asia were thought to have common origins in the Brahmin caste, whereas most races were thought to have emerged from different species. Furthermore, caste hierarchies often depended on the discretion and power of locally dominant castes, whereas racial hierarchies were legally established through pseudo‐scientific theories and enforced in the United States through state authorities. These divergences in their respective trajectories of development and endurance present to us, a more comprehensive understanding of how caste and race were different in their respective configurations. This is also why sweeping generalizations on such forms of social stratification were discouraged by social scientists such as Cox and Ambedkar.
Creative Moral Responses to Eco‐Reproductive Concerns: Addressing Gaps in Christian Environmental Ethics
Authors: Del Vecchio Kristi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAdults in the United States are having fewer biological children in part due to worries about climate change and population growth, yet Christian environmental ethicists frequently avoid or dismiss these “eco‐reproductive” concerns. I argue that these avoidances lead to important limitations in the literature, which I address by employing a pragmatic approach for religious ethics. Learning from environmentalists who are critically engaging with their Christian inheritances, I find that informants draw upon religious repertoires to “kinnovate.” Namely, they expand notions of family beyond biological lineage by taking up vocations as godparents, youth mentors, foster parents, or chosen kin. I claim that these practices of Christian kinnovation are significant because they help to advance creative moral responses to eco‐reproductive concerns in religious contexts—interventions that currently remain underdeveloped in relevant ethical and theological literatures.
Preliminary Study on Cell Wall‐Degrading Enzymes and Host Resistance of Prunus davidiana Infected by Wilsonomyces carpophilus
Authors: Lu Hailong , Zhou Xinmei , Liu Chuli , Ma Xiong , Chen Hongjin , Wang Caixia , Ma Rong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Prunus davidiana (Carrière) Franch. is an important tree species in Northwest China. However, fungal perforation caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus can harm a variety of stone fruits, such as P. davidiana, seriously affecting the protection of germplasm resources and the cultivation of stone fruit in economic forests. In this study, the main pathogenic factors and host resistance strategies were explored by detecting the main cell wall‐degrading enzymes, the activities of the resistant enzymes and substances produced by the host when W. carpophilus infects P. davidiana. In the present study, the pathogenicity of W. carpophilus (CFCC 71543) was determined on P. davidiana. The changes of six cell wall‐degrading enzymes, including carboxymethyl cellulase (Cx), β‐glucosidase, polymethylgalacturonase (PMG), polygalacturonase (PG), polygalacturonate trans‐eliminase (PGTE) and pectin methyl trans‐eliminase (PMTE), produced by different strains when they invaded the host were determined using 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid and ultraviolet colorimetry. Additionally, the changes in phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenol (TP), plant flavonoids, tannins and four other resistant substances were determined 2–16 days after inoculation. The results showed that the main cell wall‐degrading enzyme of the strain (CFCC 71543) when infecting P. davidiana was PMG, with enzyme activity as high as 1548.456 U/g at 4 dpi, which was 3.988 times that of the control group. The level of five antioxidant enzymes and four resistant substances increased by varying degrees after infection by W. carpophilus. The main resistance enzyme of P. davidiana was POD, and POD activity reached 4184.889 U/g 8 days after inoculation, which was 4.074 times that of the control group. The main resistant substance was MDA, and the MDA content reached a peak of 217.63 nmol/g 8 days after inoculation, which was 2.376 times that in the control group. This is the first study to demonstrate that PMG is key in the infection of P. davidiana by W. carpophilus. The host produces five enzymes to resist infection by pathogenic bacteria, among which POD activity is the highest. Among the four resistant substances, MDA had strong resistance; the content of other resistant substances did not increase exponentially, and the resistance effect was not pronounced. These results provide a theoretical basis for an in‐depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism and are of great significance for the prevention and control of perforations.
Vegetation history of the central Tibetan region during the late Oligocene–Early Miocene
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Wen , Liu Jia , Spicer Robert A. , Gao Yi , Yao Xuan‐Rong , Qin Xing‐Yuan , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Su Tao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the Cenozoic vegetation history of what is now the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is crucial for elucidating the co‐evolutionary dynamics between plateau development, its environment, and the organisms it hosts. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of phytoliths within the late Oligocene–Early Miocene lacustrine sedimentary section of the Lunpola Basin, central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The diverse phytolith morphotype assemblages indicate that the vegetation of the central Tibetan region mainly comprised a mixed coniferous and broad‐leaved forest. Grasses in the understory primarily consisted of Pooideae, distinguished by phytolith morphotypes such as rondel, crenate and Stipa‐type bilobate forms. Combined with previous work, we infer that riparian vegetation of the central Tibetan region transitioned from a humid subtropical forest, dominated by broad‐leaved woody plants during the middle Eocene, to a more seasonally arid open woodland containing abundant woody and herbaceous plants during the late Eocene, before developing into a cooler mixed coniferous and broad‐leaved forest during the late Oligocene–Early Miocene. The growth of the central Tibetan region and retreat of the Tethys Ocean, together with the uplift of the Himalaya, contributed to this vegetation change. This study provides new evidence from the phytolith perspective for the evolutionary history of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau vegetation being tied to plateau formation and regional climate change.
Indirect Consequences of Locally Observed Corruption on Taxpayers' Motivation to Cheat on Taxes
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakkar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCorruption undermines the fiscal agreement between governments and taxpayers, thereby reducing the motivation to fulfill tax obligations and leading to a rise in dishonest behavior among citizens. To examine the effects of corruption, this study utilizes the locally observed corruption question, which provides a new measure of corruption at the local level, in contrast to corruption measures offered by the typical national corruption perception question. Employing a multilevel hierarchical mixed‐effect modeling approach, the analysis reveals that locally observed corruption substantially diminishes tax morale, a metric that assesses individuals' willingness not to cheat on taxes. Additionally, this paper identifies various factors that mediate the effects of corruption, including fairness in the tax system, ethnic diversity, and public policies. Furthermore, the study conducts several hypothesis tests to eliminate potential alternative explanations, such as the influence of peers and reduced expected costs of cheating resulting from exposed corruption.
Meaning‐Inferencing Versus Meaning‐Given Procedures: The Case of Idioms
Authors: Boers Frank , Yu Xi , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInferring the meaning of words and then verifying one's interpretations is widely believed to create relatively strong memories of the items. According to the available research, it is when the inferences are accurate that the learning outcomes are the most promising. The present study extends this inquiry to idioms. Fifty‐six ESL learners were presented with 21 English idioms (e.g., toe the line) in brief contexts and they were either prompted to infer the meaning of each idiom or they were given the meaning directly. After each inferencing attempt, the correct meaning was given as feedback. This initial learning stage was followed in the same session by a meaning‐recall task where the learners were again given the correct meanings as feedback. The results of a posttest administered one week later indicate that prompting learners to make inferences is beneficial compared to directly giving the meanings on condition that the inferencing was successful.
Building evidence‐based interventions to improve staff well‐being in paediatric critical care using the behaviour change wheel
Authors: Shaw Rachel L. , Butcher Isabelle , Webb Sarah , Duncan Heather P. , Morrison Rachael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundResearch has demonstrated that staff working in Paediatric Critical Care (PCC) experience high levels of burnout, post‐traumatic stress and moral distress. There is very little evidence of how this problem could be addressed.AimTo develop evidence‐based, psychologically informed interventions designed to improve PCC staff well‐being that can be feasibility tested on a large scale.Study DesignThe Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework guided systematic development of the interventions. This process was informed by a review of existing well‐being initiatives and a survey of PCC staff's awareness and uptake of initiatives identified.ResultsTogether with empirical evidence, the BCW process produced two bespoke ‘SWell’ (Staff Wellbeing) interventions tailored for delivery in UK PCC units. The two group‐based interventions, Mad‐Sad‐Glad and Wellbeing Images involve the Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) of self‐belief, social support, feedback and monitoring. These BCTs align closely with the psychological concepts of self‐efficacy, self‐regulation and the psychological theory of how to thrive.ConclusionsTailored, evidence‐based, psychologically informed SWell (Staff Wellbeing) interventions are likely to be feasible and have the potential of making significant differences to individual staff members and the PCC workforce as a whole. Associated investments in the psychological health of the workforce and time to prioritize well‐being interventions are required for change to occur and be maintained.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe SWell (Staff Wellbeing) interventions could impact directly on the well‐being of PCC staff and their ability to thrive in the workplace. Indirectly, they could reduce staff attrition, sickness absence and improve patients' and families' experiences of care.
Discovery of Trogtalite (CoSe2) in the Qianjiadian Sandstone‐Type Uranium Deposit in China
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Wen , Ling Ming‐Xing , Yang Xiao‐Yong , Li Qing‐Chun , Cao Min‐Qiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and uranium (U) are strategic and critical elements with significant global demand. Typically, cobalt is mainly recovered as a by‐product from sulfide and sulfoarsenide minerals associated with copper, nickel, and iron, while its occurrence as independent minerals, particularly trogtalite (cubic CoSe2), is rare. This study reports the presence of trogtalite in a sandstone‐type uranium deposit in China. It was identified in the Qianjiadian deposit in the southwestern Songliao Basin, through electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopy analysis (wavenumber 188 cm−1). The trogtalite occurs as cubic or polyhedral microcrystals, distributing as detrital mineral dispersed in the clay matrix or enclosed in detrital quartz or feldspar in uranium‐mineralized sandstones from Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation. The sandstone also contains selenides, including clausthalite, ferroselite, and krut'aite, which are typical cobalt mineralization associations found in the deposits in Argentina and Congo. The uranium‐mineralized rocks in the Qianjiadian deposit are enriched in Se, suggesting the co‐enrichment of Se and U during the mineralization. Thus, Se serves as an indicator of uranium mineralization in this deposit.