bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Capsaicin Atomization on Cough and Swallowing Function in Patients With Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chao Wu , You-qin Mao , Hong Chen , Hai-ying Zhang , Yang-Li  , Su-xue Jiang , Lan Xu , Zhong Wang 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Patients with hemorrhagic stroke have high mortality and disability rates. Nevertheless, early rehabilitation interventions can improve their outcomes. We aimed to apply capsaicin atomization as early intervention to patients with hemorrhagic stroke and explore improvements in cough and swallowing functions.

Method:
Patients with hemorrhagic stroke were randomly divided into the control group, which received routine care, and the intervention group, which underwent the capsaicin solution nebulization scheme in addition to routine care. Differences in the presence/absence of cough reflex and number of coughs in response to capsaicin, the presence/absence of swallowing reflex in response to water, the presence/absence of postswallow residue, substance P (SP) concentration, and pulmonary inflammation between the two groups were determined before and after the intervention.

Results:

A total of 53 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were included. Results showed no statistically significant difference in cough reflex in both groups after the intervention (
p
> .05). The degree of cough in the intervention group was stronger than that in the control group (
p
= .046). No statistically significant difference was observed in the number of patients with swallowing reflex in response to water between the groups (
p
> .05). The presence/absence of postswallow residue of the intervention group was stronger than that of the control group (
p
= .032). No statistically significant difference was observed between the Glasgow Coma Scale scores of the groups after the intervention (
p
> .05). SP in the intervention group was significantly increased (
p
= .031). The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was significantly lower in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (
p
= .028).

Conclusions:
Capsaicin nebulization can help enhance the number of coughs in response to capsaicin, reduce postswallow residue, and increase the level of SP in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and has a positive effect on pulmonary inflammation. This study provides intervention points for cough and swallowing rehabilitation after a hemorrhagic stroke.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21956903
Predicting Children's Long-Term Knowledge of Taught Words and Transfer Words After a Morphological Vocabulary Intervention
Authors: Gellert Anna S. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The first purpose of this study was to investigate how children's knowledge of taught words and transfer words assessed 10 months after a morphological vocabulary intervention can be predicted by means of language measures taken before the intervention. The second purpose was to investigate whether and how immediate post-intervention measures can contribute to the prediction after pre-intervention measures are accounted for.

Method:
A secondary analysis of data from 87 participants in a trial of short- and long-term effects of a morphological vocabulary intervention for fifth-grade students with limited vocabulary was conducted. Students' knowledge of morphologically transparent taught words and transfer words was examined 10 months after the intervention. Pre-intervention and immediate post-intervention measures of general vocabulary, knowledge of morphologically transparent words, morphological analysis of pseudowords, and meta-morphological knowledge were evaluated as predictors.

Results:
By means of pre-intervention measures only, about 40% of the overall variance in students' knowledge of morphologically transparent words assessed at follow-up could be predicted. A good early classification of students with later relatively good or poor word knowledge could be obtained, especially for knowledge of transfer words. Furthermore, immediate post-intervention measures were found to add substantially to the prediction of overall variance in students' knowledge of morphologically transparent words at follow-up and to the correct early classification beyond the contribution from pre-intervention measures. In particular, pre- and post-intervention measures of knowledge of morphologically transparent words and morphological analysis of pseudowords in combination yielded a good classification of students with later relatively good or poor knowledge of transfer words.

Conclusion:
A good level of prediction of students' knowledge of morphologically transparent taught words and transfer words 10 months after a morphological vocabulary intervention can be provided by means of a combination of a few pre- and post-intervention measures of knowledge of morphologically transparent words and morphological analysis of pseudowords.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Stress and Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Survey at the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Marante Leesa , Hall-Mills Shannon , Farquharson Kelly 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
Low retention of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) is a growing problem that can have drastic consequences at the school and student levels. Factors contributing to this shortage include features of the work environment, role ambiguity, low salaries, and a demanding workload with higher caseloads, which can result in limited time for paperwork and lesson planning for optimal service delivery models. The purpose of this study was to determine the current levels and predictors of occupational stress and burnout SLPs are experiencing in the school setting.

Method:
Using a cross-sectional survey design, 453 school-based SLPs from across the United States reported their workload manageability, career intentions, access to social support, and their stress and burnout levels. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relation between the variables of interest and the occupational stress and burnout scores. Data were collected in September to December of 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:
SLPs, on average, reported overall stress levels in the somewhat noticeable range, moderate access to social support, high levels of emotional exhaustion, low-to-moderate feelings of depersonalization, and moderate-to-high feelings of personal accomplishments. Based on a standardized burnout scale, SLPs in this sample are characterized as feeling ineffective and overextended. Results of linear regression models suggest that the perception of work manageability was the best predictor of Total Stress score, Emotional Exhaustion score, and Depersonalization score, in this sample.

Conclusions:
Data from this study offer the beginning steps to making an informed change for school-based SLPs' workplaces. Results indicated that SLPs in the school setting are feeling ineffective and overextended. The perception of their workload manageability was the most significant predictor for their reported stress and burnout levels. Suggestions for SLP supervisors, administrators, and other stakeholders are discussed.
Dual‐attention global domain adaptation for mariculture image enhancement
Authors: Li Fei , Cen Chaojun , Zhang Xinxin , Li Zhenbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMariculture image enhancement aims to recover degraded images and meet the requirements of various digital aquaculture systems. However, the existing underwater image enhancement (UIE) cannot suit diverse marine scenarios and leads to sub‐optimal results for the real mariculture images. To solve the aforementioned issues, a novel dual‐attention global domain‐adaptive mariculture image enhancement network (DAMIE) is proposed to improve the quality of degraded images. Specifically, the proposed method consists of two core parts: (1) an innovative depth transfer dual‐attention module to aggregate multiple features and bridge the difference between domains; (2) a modified encoder–decoder enhancement network with a global feature vector to reconstruct clean mariculture images. Meanwhile, a semi‐supervised adaptive training scheme is utilized to improve the model generalization in different mariculture domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed DAMIE can achieve a good performance in terms of quantitative and qualitative metrics. In addition, an ablation study is conducted to analyse the contribution of the key components in the proposed model.
Utilization of convolutional neural networks for H I source finding
Authors: Håkansson Henrik , Sjöberg Anders , Toribio Maria Carmen , Önnheim Magnus , Olberg Michael , Gustavsson Emil , Lindqvist Michael , Jirstrand Mats , Conway John 
Published: January 2023

Context. The future deployment of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will lead to a massive influx of astronomical data and the automatic detection and characterization of sources will therefore prove crucial in utilizing its full potential.
Aims. We examine how existing astronomical knowledge and tools can be utilized in a machine learning-based pipeline to find 3D spectral line sources.
Methods. We present a source-finding pipeline designed to detect 21-cm emission from galaxies that provides the second-best submission of SKA Science Data Challenge 2. The first pipeline step was galaxy segmentation, which consisted of a convolutional neural network (CNN) that took an H I cube as input and output a binary mask to separate galaxy and background voxels. The CNN was trained to output a target mask algorithmically constructed from the underlying source catalog of the simulation. For each source in the catalog, its listed properties were used to mask the voxels in its neighborhood that capture plausible signal distributions of the galaxy. To make the training more efficient, regions containing galaxies were oversampled compared to the background regions. In the subsequent source characterization step, the final source catalog was generated by the merging and dilation modules of the existing source-finding software SOFIA, and some complementary calculations, with the CNN-generated mask as input. To cope with the large size of H I cubes while also allowing for deployment on various computational resources, the pipeline was implemented with flexible and configurable memory usage.
Results. We show that once the segmentation CNN has been trained, the performance can be fine-tuned by adjusting the parameters involved in producing the catalog from the mask. Using different sets of parameter values offers a trade-off between completeness and reliability.
Gaia-ESO survey: Massive stars in the Carina Nebula
Authors: Berlanas S. R. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Herrero A. , Mahy L. , Blomme R. , Negueruela I. , Dorda R. , Comerón F. , Gosset E. , Pantaleoni González M. , Molina Lera J. A. , Sota A. , Furst T. , Alfaro E. J. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Drew J. E. , Morbidelli L. , Vink J. S. 
Published: January 2023

Context. The Carina Nebula is one of the major massive star-forming regions in the Galaxy. Its relatively nearby distance (2.35 kpc) makes it an ideal laboratory for the study of massive star formation, structure, and evolution, both for individual stars and stellar systems. Thanks to the high-quality spectra provided by the Gaia-ESO survey and the LiLiMaRlin library, as well as Gaia EDR3 astrometry, a detailed and homogeneous spectroscopic characterization of its massive stellar content can be carried out.
Aims. Our main objective is to spectroscopically characterize all massive members of the Carina Nebula in the Gaia-ESO survey footprint to provide an updated census of massive stars in the region and an updated estimate of the binary fraction of O stars.
Methods. We performed accurate spectral classification using an interactive code that compares spectra with spectral libraries of OB standard stars, as well as line-based classic methods. We calculated membership using our own algorithm based on Gaia EDR3 astrometry. To check the correlation between the spectroscopic n-qualifier and the rotational velocity, we used a semi-automated tool for the line-broadening characterization of OB stars based on a combined Fourier transform and goodness-of-fit methodology.
Results. The Gaia-ESO survey sample of massive OB stars in the Carina Nebula consists of 234 stars. The addition of brighter sources from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey and additional sources from the literature allows us to create the most complete census of massive OB stars so far in the region. It contains a total of 316 stars, with 18 of them in the background and 4 in the foreground. Of the 294 stellar systems in Car OB1, 74 are of O type, 214 are of nonsupergiant B type, and 6 are of WR or nonO supergiant (II to Ia) spectral class. We identify 20 spectroscopic binary systems with an O-star primary, of which 6 are reported for the first time, and another 18 with a B-star primary, of which 13 are new detections. The average observed double-lined binary fraction of O-type stars in the surveyed region is 0.35, which represents a lower limit. We find a good correlation between the spectroscopic n-qualifier and the projected rotational velocity of the stars. The fraction of candidate runaways among the stars with and without the n-qualifier is 4.4% and 2.4%, respectively, although nonresolved double-lined binaries could be contaminating the sample of fast rotators.
Efficiency of use of magnetic water in drip irrigation of cotton
Authors: Ergashova Dinara , Kasymbetova Saltanat 
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of field research conducted on a cotton field of drip irrigation using magnetic irrigation water. The research aimed to study the effect of magnetic water on the growth, development, and increase in cotton yield in the meadow-serozem soil-reclamation conditions of the Chirchik-Akhangaran valley.
The authors provide an overview of the designs and the principle of operation of various magnetic devices used for irrigation in domestic and world practice.
In order to save irrigation water and study the effect on the growth, development, and increase in cotton yield, field studies were carried out using magnetized water during drip irrigation of cotton.
The Kabul River Basin - the source of the Naglu and other reservoirs
Authors: Bazarov Dilshod , Ahmadi Mahfouz , Ghayur Abdulatif , Vokhidov Oybek 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the assessment and study of the Kabul river basin fed by 7 existing (Jabal-Saraj, Karga, Mahipar, Naglu, Sarubi, and Darunta) and numerous planned (including Gulbahor, Baghdara, Sarubi II, Kunar I, Kunar II, Shatut) reservoirs. The article discusses the Kabul basin's annual precipitation, land cover, and runoff. In addition, it sheds light on soil erosion and the concentration of river and reservoir sedimentation in the Kabul River Basin. Recommendations are also given for solving the problem of soil erosion and the siltation of reservoirs.
There is very little data on the Kabul River and its basin due to the lack of detailed hydrological data. Most of the hydrological and meteorological posts did not function or were destroyed during the crisis in the country for about two decades, which led to little or no information on the river's hydrology during this period. Because of this problem, many organizations working in basin water management and designing new hydraulic structures face difficulties in properly planning and designing new hydraulic structures and reservoirs. As a result, most researchers, planners, and designers use old data with a limited observation period, which is insufficient for adequate design and planning of hydraulic structures and other basin development projects.
Due to four decades of unrest in the country, the watersheds of the Kabul Basin have been used without any rules or management, resulting in land degradation and watershed erosion.
Three main problems, namely overgrazing in rangelands, rain-fed fields, and deforestation, have caused land degradation in the basin. In addition, the situation has been aggravated by the cutting of bushes for fuel in hilly and semi-hilly areas. The basin is overpopulated, and there are many industries in the major cities of the basin, which contributes to water pollution in the Kabul river. Despite water availability, due to a lack of proper planning, the major cities in the basin cannot use the basin's water for domestic needs. In cities like Kabul and Jalalabad, people mainly use groundwater, resulting in the continuous sinking of the groundwater level. For the proper management and development of the Kabul river basin, much work needs to be done, which may yield promising results for developing the country's economy and improving the environment in the Kabul basin region.
Automatic control of active ventilation systems in agricultural products storage facilities
Authors: Yakubov Sabir , Isakov Abdusaid , Pirova Rashida , Shadmanova G. 
Published: January 2023

The article recommends automatic control of active ventilation systems in agricultural product storage facilities. The search for rational solutions for ventilation, heating, and automatic control systems (ACS) that improve product storage quality and methods and means of storage is considered.
As a result of the analysis of the requirements for air-cooling storage units that operate for no more than 25 days per annual storage cycle, it was proved that refrigerating arrangements that are based on the principle of operation of vortex energy separators - vortex tubes (VT) meet these requirements most fully. In terms of temperature effect, the VT is inferior to the expander by 1.3 ... 1.5 times, in terms of cooling capacity by 3.0 ... 3.5 times. Compared to the throttling process, vortex tubes, when operating in air, are about 30 times better in terms of temperature effect and 15 times better in terms of cooling capacity.
Sessile serrated lesion detection rates continue to increase: 2008–2020
Authors: Edwardson Nicholas , Adsul Prajakta , Gonzalez Zorisadday , Pankratz V. Shane , Parasher Gulshan , English Kevin , Mishra Shiraz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and study aims We assessed sessile serrated lesion detection rate (SSLDR) at a large academic medical center from 2008 to 2020 and modeled a local, aspirational target SSLDR. We also assessed SSLDRs among all gastroenterology fellows to better understand the relationship between SSLDRs and total colonoscopies performed.Patients and methods SSL-positive pathology results were flagged from a dataset composed of all screening colonoscopies for average-risk patients from 2008 to 2020. Unadjusted SSLDRs were calculated for individual endoscopists by year. A mixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the log odds of SSL detection, with one model estimating division-wide predictors of SSL detection and a second model focused exclusively on colonoscopies performed by fellows. Model-adjusted SSLDRs were estimated for all 13 years and across both categories of all endoscopists and fellows only.Results Adjusted SSLDRs showed a consistent improvement in SSLDR from a low of 0.37 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.63) in 2008 to a high of 7.94 % (95 % CI: 6.34–9.54) in 2020. Among fellows only, the odds of SSL detection were significantly lower during their first year compared to their second year (OR: 0.80, 95 % CI: 0.66–0.98) but not significantly higher in their third year compared to their second year (OR: 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.85–1.4).Conclusions SSLDR increased steadily and significantly throughout our study period but variance among endoscopists persists. The peak SSLDR from 2020 of 7.94 % should serve as the local aspirational target for this division’s attendings and fellows but should be continuously reevaluated.
Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie der Lungenkontusion – Empfehlungen der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe der Sektion NIS der DGU und DGT zur
Thoraxtraumaversorgung
Authors: Störmann Philipp , Krämer Sebastian , Raab Stephan , Kalverkamp Sebastian , Graeff Pascal 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungLungenkontusionen treten in aller Regel in Kombination mit weiteren Verletzungen auf und sprechen für eine hohe Krafteinwirkung. Vor allem bei polytraumatisierten Patienten werden
Lungenkontusionen in hoher Anzahl nachgewiesen. Diese Verletzungen sind u. a. durch eine zeitliche Dynamik charakterisiert, die in der initialen Diagnostik Schwierigkeiten bereiten kann.
Eine korrekte Einordnung des Verletzungsausmaßes in das Gesamtgeschehen und entsprechende diagnostische und therapeutische Schritte sind für das Erreichen einer Ausheilung essenziell. Das
übergeordnete Ziel aller therapeutischen Maßnahmen ist es, dabei die Lungenfunktion bestmöglich zu erhalten und assoziierte Komplikationen wie die Entwicklung einer Pneumonie oder eines ARDS
(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) zu vermeiden.Die vorliegende Arbeit der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe „Thoraxtrauma“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie (DGT)
basiert auf einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche zu Grundlagen, Diagnostik und Behandlung der Lungenkontusion. Es konnten ausnahmslos Arbeiten mit niedrigem Evidenzgrad eingeschlossen
werden. Die Empfehlungen der vorliegenden Arbeit entsprechen einem Konsens der interdisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe.Zur initialen Diagnostik ist eine CT des Thorax mit Kontrastmittel empfohlen, das Ausmaß der Lungenkontusion korreliert mit dem Auftreten von Komplikationen. Eine konventionelle Aufnahme
des Thorax kann initial die Verletzung unterbewerten, ist aber zur kurzfristigen Verlaufskontrolle geeignet.Die Therapie der Lungenkontusion ist multimodal und symptomorientiert. Insbesondere die intensivmedizinische Betreuung mit einer lungenprotektiven Beatmung und adäquaten Lagerung sind
Eckpfeiler der Behandlung. Soweit es die Nebenerkrankungen und der Zustand des Patienten zulassen, sollte eine nicht invasive Beatmung erwogen werden. Abhängig von der Lungenbeteiligung und
dem Patientenzustand kann ferner eine ECMO-Therapie als Ultima Ratio erwogen werden. Insbesondere diese sollte nur an spezialisierten Kliniken durchgeführt werden, weswegen eine frühzeitige
Patientenzuweisung oder eine frühe Verlegung im Rahmen von Netzwerkstrukturen antizipiert werden sollte.
COVID-19 Impact on Operative Management of Pediatric Neck Abscesses
Authors: Fadel Mark A. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Obuekwe Fendi , Kitsko Dennis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction For multiple reasons, elective pediatric otolaryngology surgical procedures have declined during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the prevalence of pediatric neck abscesses managed with operative drainage decreased compared with previous years.
Methods Medical records of all pediatric cases at a tertiary care children's hospital diagnosed with abscess of the neck and treated with incision and drainage were evaluated between the dates of April 1 and November 30 from 2015 to 2020. Outcomes were compared for each year from 2015 to 2019 to 2020, which included location, abscess size, duration of antibiotic treatment, microbiology, and the number of cases per year.
Results A total of 201 cases were included. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) presenting age in the 2015 to 2019 group was 5.05 ± 5.03 years old and 2.24 ± 1.91 years old in the 2020 group. The mean number of cases between 2015 and 2019 was 35.6 ± 4.2, whereas the number of cases in 2020 was 23 (p = 0.002). Of those patients who underwent IV antibiotic therapy prior to presentation (n = 43), the mean number of days before admission was 1.98 ± 2.95 (n = 40) from 2015 to 2019 and 12.00 ± 10.39 (n = 3) in 2020 (p = 0.008). The percent of cases with multiple strains cultured between 2015 and 2019 was 13.4% versus 18.2% in 2020 (p = 0.007).
Conclusion There was a decrease in the number of operative neck abscesses in 2020 compared with the mean number per year from 2015 to 2019. COVID-19 mitigation strategies leading to reduced transmission of other viral and bacterial illnesses and a tendency toward prolonged medical management to avoid surgery are two possible explanations.