bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of surface‐wave propagation in the Mexico City Valley
Authors: Meza‐Fajardo Kristel C. , Papageorgiou Apostolos S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Mexico City basin is an extreme example of an alluvial geological structure that induces long duration and large amplification on ground motions. Researchers have established that the seismic wavefield within the Mexico City basin is composed primarily of surface waves. In the present work, we present a quantitative analysis of the surface‐wave field propagating in the Mexico City basin and generated by thrust‐ and normal‐faulting events. Surface waves are identified and extracted from three‐component ground motion recordings using a technique that exploits the polarization of ground motion. The spatial analysis of the extracted waves clearly shows that the basin response, is strongly dominated by low‐frequency ( to ) Love waves. For all seismic events considered, we found that the identified Love waves can reach amplitudes three times larger as compared to Rayleigh waves. Our analysis indicates that surface wave amplification (as defined in the present work) increases with the 1D fundamental resonant site‐period T1, and appears to be independent of earthquake magnitude. We also quantify the mean delay time of the central frequency f0 of the extracted waves. We found that the of Love waves is spatially more coherent as compared to that of Rayleigh waves. The parameter T1 appears to be a good “proxy” of surface wave effects. This is manifested by a reciprocal relation that was established between T1 and the frequency f0 of the extracted Love waves. Equally important, the latter reciprocal relation turns out to be independent of earthquake magnitude.
Characteristics of reduced‐fat mayonnaise prepared by oleaster as a fat replacer and natural antioxidant
Authors: Roshandel Zahra , Zibaei Rezvan , Abdolmaleki Khadije 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the disadvantages of consuming fat and synthetic preservatives, the demand to reduce them in lipid‐based products like mayonnaise is increasing. In the current research, there were two goals, the first one was studying the effect of using oleaster flour in different concentrations (4%, 6%, and 8%) as a natural preservative, whereas the second one was studying the effect of oleaster as different fat replacement (FR) levels (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and the rheological properties and stability of reduced‐fat mayonnaise samples. Given results showed that with increasing the oleaster concentration, the antioxidant property increased significantly. The peroxide value after 60 days of storage for the 30% FR 8 was 2.01%, compared to the control sample without antioxidant and with TBHQ, which were 10% and 2.68%, respectively. The highest stability index (100%) was observed in the 30% FR and 40% FR samples. In terms of rheological characteristics, the 30% FR 8 oleaster showed the highest viscosity and the lowest frequency dependency. It can be concluded that oleaster has a high potential to be used in the formulation of low‐fat mayonnaise as a fat replacer.
Operation optimization of cold‐end system of direct air‐cooled units considering the effect of environmental wind
Authors: Zhu Xingrong , Zhan Jianyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn air‐cooled island can significantly alter the heat transfer performance of an air‐cooled condenser due to the reflow of hot air caused by environmental wind. This can result in a considerable deviation between the backpressure calculated by traditional air‐cooled condenser models and the actual value. To address the issue, a research study was conducted on a 600‐MW direct air‐cooled unit. Numerical simulation methods were used to obtain the corresponding air flow rates and fan inlet air temperatures for each air‐cooled heat exchanger, which were then combined to establish a backpressure calculation model. From the above model, the backpressure prediction model and unit net output of full conditions were established using a backpropagation neural network. Therefore, taking the net output as the optimization objective, a genetic algorithm was used to compute the optimal backpressure and optimal fan speed in off‐design situations. Compared with traditional calculation approaches, the model produces backpressure predictions that were closer to the actual situation under the effect of ambient wind. The results indicate that both the optimal backpressure and fan speed were positively correlated with the exhaust flow and ambient temperature. It has been observed that when a unit was affected by different wind directions, the effect of the forwarding wind on the backpressure was smaller than that of other wind directions, especially under high‐load conditions. Moreover, the fan group operates close to full capacity under high‐temperature and high‐load conditions. Therefore, considering the influence of ambient wind, the obtained optimal backpressure and fan speed under variable working conditions were more realistic.
Biological research on the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma and its treatment
Authors: Wu Yue , Shi Xiangjun , Yao Xinchen , Du Xinru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo review the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). MM is a hematological malignancy with abnormal plasma cell proliferation in bone marrow. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, MM is still an incurable malignancy, which requires further exploration of pathogenesis and effective therapeutic targets.MethodsIn this paper, the method of literature review is adopted to obtain the information about MM. Based on the literature, comprehensive and systematic review is made.ResultsMM is a complex pathophysiological process with great heterogeneity, mainly reflected in genomic instability and bone marrow microenvironment. At present, the treatment of MM has made great progress, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs are widely used in clinic. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation may be the only promising cure for MM, and its high transplant‐related mortality limits its clinical application.ConclusionsThe future of MM treatment lies in the development of more targeted therapies, novel immunotherapies, and a better understanding of the disease's molecular and genetic basis.
Efficacy of diet restriction with or without probiotic for treatment of patients with IBS‐D: Phase I−II clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Xian‐Shu , Shi Li‐Jun , Ning Bao‐Li , Zhao Zhi‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Xue , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Zhang Ya‐Bing , Fu Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimDiet is a major contributor to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is also a powerful tool for treatment of IBS. This study compared two diets and explored the effectiveness of the diets when combined with a probiotic for treatment of IBS‐D patients.MethodsPhase I, patients were randomized into groups; control, cold/spicy/fried restricted diet (CSF res diet), IgG positive restricted diet (IgG res diet), and a combination both diets (CSF + IgG res diet). Phase II, patients were randomized into IgG res diet + placebo and IgG res diet + probiotic. Both interventions were 12 weeks in duration. Symptom Severity Scale (IBS‐D‐SSS) and IgG titer were assessed at the beginning and the end of the study.ResultsTotals of 214 and 167 patients completed the two parts of the study, respectively. After intervention, IBS‐D‐SSS and TIgG grade were significantly improved compared to baseline, with results similar to the control group. In general, there were decreases in IBS‐D‐SSS and TIgG grade that were significantly different among the groups. There were exceptions; no differences were observed for IBS‐D‐SSS between the IgG res diet and CSF + IgG res diet, or TIgG grade between the CSF res diet, IgG res diet, and CSF + IgG res diet. However, the CSF res diet and IgG res diet had a synergistic effect that decreased IBS‐D‐SSS and TIgG titer, with a greater contribution by the IgG res diet. Therefore, we evaluated the IgG res diet with either placebo or probiotic and found that IBS‐D‐SSS and TIgG grade decreased from baseline. There was a significant decrease in IBS‐D‐SSS with the probiotic but TIgG grade was not significantly different between the IgG diet + placebo and IgG diet + probiotic diet.ConclusionsBoth the CSF res diet and IgG res diet improved IBS symptoms and demonstrated synergy, although the IgG res diet had a greater contribution. Further, when intolerant foods cannot be eliminated from a diet, avoiding uncooked, cold, spicy, fried, and alcoholic foods is a superior choice. The IgG res diet combined with Bifidobacteria was the best dietary choice and may function though a non‐IgG pathway.
HIV and inflammatory markers are associated with persistent COVID‐19 symptoms
Authors: Kamanzi Patrick , Mulundu Gina , Mutale Keagan , Mumba Chibamba , Ngalamika Owen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundA proportion of COVID19 survivors may present with long‐COVID, which is persistent symptoms lasting four or more weeks post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These symptoms may be mild to severe, and may affect different organ‐systems of the body.AimsThe main objective of this study was to determine the demographic, clinical and immunological factors associated with long COVID.Materials & MethodsWe conducted a nested case control study, with a total of 94 study participants initially included, and 64 participants matched for age and sex for biomarker analyses.Results32/94 (34.1%) of all the participants had long COVID. Respiratory symptoms were the most common (59.5%) followed by the musculoskeletal symptoms (28.1%). HIV was an independent predictor of long COVID (adjusted odds ratio = 2.7; p = .037). In all the 64 matched cases and controls, IFN‐β was significantly higher among controls than cases. After stratifying by HIV, IL6 was significantly higher among cases than controls in the HIV‐ group (2.06 vs. 0.81 pg/mL; p = .02). On the other hand, IFN‐β was significantly higher among controls than cases in the HIV+ group (251 vs. 0 pg/mL; p = .01).ConclusionHIV infection is a risk factor for long COVID, and inflammatory markers associated with long COVID may be slightly different for HIV− and HIV+ individuals.
Pan‐cancer efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD‐1 inhibitor in refractory solid tumor: A single‐arm, open‐label, phase II trial
Authors: Qin Bao‐Dong , Jiao Xiao‐Dong , Wang Zhan , Liu Ke , Wu Ying , Ling Yan , Chen Shi‐Qi , Zhong Xue , Duan Xiao‐Peng , Qin Wen‐Xing , Xue Lei , Guo Zhen‐Hong , Zang Yuan‐Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of refractory solid tumor has not been well investigated. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new regimen of anlotinib plus PD‐1 inhibitor to treat refractory solid tumor. APICAL‐RST is an investigator‐initiated, open‐label, single‐arm, phase II trial in patients with heavily treated, refractory, metastatic solid tumor. Eligible patients experienced disease progression during prior therapy without further effective regimen. All patients received anlotinib and PD‐1 inhibitor. The primary endpoints were objective response and disease control rates. The secondary endpoints included the ratio of progression‐free survival 2 (PFS2)/PFS1, overall survival (OS) and safety. Forty‐one patients were recruited in our study; 9 patients achieved a confirmed partial response and 21 patients had stable disease. Objective response rate and disease control rate were 22.0% and 73.2% in the intention‐to‐treat cohort, and 24.3% and 81.1% in the efficacy‐evaluable cohort, respectively. A total of 63.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 46.9%‐77.4%) of the patients (26/41) presented PFS2/PFS1 >1.3. The median OS was 16.8 months (range: 8.23‐24.4), and the 12‐ and 36‐month OS rates were 62.8% and 28.9%, respectively. No significant association was observed between concomitant mutation and efficacy. Thirty‐one (75.6%) patients experienced at least one treatment‐related adverse event. The most common adverse events were hypothyroidism, hand‐foot syndrome and malaise. This phase II trial showed that anlotinib plus PD‐1 inhibitor exhibits favorable efficacy and tolerability in patients with refractory solid tumor.
Ovarian epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with EWSR1‐CREM fusion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Sijian , Hong Ruping , Wang Xiaoxue , Yang Jiaxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (EMPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma. The authors report the first case of EMPNST arising in the ovary (OEMPNST). A 7‐year‐old child underwent left salpingo‐oophorectomy due to tumor rupture and the pathology suggested a juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT). Six cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and carboplatin were administrated. A second surgery was applied due to relapse 4 months after the last cycle of chemotherapy, and the pathology revealed JGCT with extensive abdominopelvic seedings even after interinstitutional consultation in two hospitals. Next‐generation sequencing demonstrated EWSR1 exon12‐CREM exon6 fusion with neurofibromatosis‐2 gene deletion, and no mutation was detected in either FOXL2 or DICER1. However, pathology consultation in two other hospitals suggested the diagnosis of OEMPNST, and additional immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed positive H3K27me3. Nonetheless, she was treated with nine courses of chemotherapy but experienced a second recurrence of extensive abdominal metastases approximately 3 months after ceasing chemotherapy. Neither elevated tumor makers nor abnormal sex hormones level was noted since the initial presentation. Repeated cytoreductive surgery was conducted and IHC staining showed expression of SOX10, S‐100, INI‐1, and α‐inhibin in tumor tissue. A final diagnosis of OEMPNST with EWSR1‐CREM fusion was established, indicating that the probability of OEMPNST could not be excluded when treatment for JGCT showed poor response. A comprehensive evaluation including biological characteristics, morphology, IHC staining, and molecular features is vital in the differential diagnosis between JGCT and OEMPNST.
Fast autofocus method for piezoelectric microscopy system for high interaction scenes
Authors: Hao Xiaopeng , Zhong Bowen , Liao Zhan , Sun Lining 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPiezoelectric objective driver positioners are increasingly used in the field of microscopy. They have the advantages of high dynamic and fast response. This paper presents a fast autofocus algorithm for highly interactive microscope system. First, the Tenengrad gradient of the down‐sampled image is used to calculate the image sharpness, and Brent search method is adopted to quickly converge to the correct focal length. At the same time, the input shaping method is used to eliminate the displacement vibration of the piezoelectric objective lens driver and further accelerate the image acquisition speed. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can improve the speed of the automatic focusing task of the piezoelectric objective driver and improve the real‐time focus of the automatic microscopic system.Highlights
A high real‐time autofocus strategy.
A vibration control method suitable for a piezoelectric objective driver.
A comprehensive overview on the transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhang Yiting , Clarke Setrice Patricia , Wu Huanwu , Li Wenli , Zhou Chang , Lin Kang , Wang Jiawen , Wang Jinzhi , Liang Ying , Wang Xin , Wang Linding 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) is a single positive‐strand RNA virus that is responsible for the current pandemic that the world has been facing since 2019. The primary route of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is through respiratory tract transmission. However, other transmission routes such as fecal‐oral, vertical transmission, and aerosol‐eye also exist. In addition, it has been found that the pathogenesis of this virus involves the binding of the virus's S protein to its host cell surface receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2, which results in the subsequent membrane fusion that is required for SARS‐CoV‐2 to replicate and complete its entire life. The clinical symptoms of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 can range from asymptomatic to severe. The most common symptoms seen include fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Once these symptoms are observed, a nucleic acid test is done using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. This currently serves as the main confirmatory tool for COVID‐19. Despite the fact that no cure has been found for SARS‐CoV‐2, prevention methods such as vaccines, specific facial mask, and social distancing have proven to be quite effective. It is imperative to have a complete understanding of the transmission and pathogenesis of this virus. To effectively develop new drugs as well as diagnostic tools, more knowledge about this virus would be needed.
Safety assessment of surfactin‐producing Bacillus strains and their lipopeptides extracts in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Di Giácomo Ana L. , Azcurra Lorena N. , García Gisela R. , Dogi Cecilia A. , González Pereyra María L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeneficial Bacillus strains can be administered to livestock as probiotics to improve animal health. Cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus such as surfactins may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects due to their anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of the present study was to isolate and evaluate the biocompatibility of native Bacillus spp. strains and their surfactin‐like lipopeptides in vitro and in vivo to determine their potential to be used on animals. Biocompatibility of endospore suspensions (108 UFC/mL), and different dilutions (1:10; 1:50; 1:100; 1:500, and 1:1000) of Bacillus lipopeptide extracts containing surfactin was tested on Caco‐2 cells by microculture tetrazolium‐based colorimetric assay. Genotoxicity was tested on BALB/c mice (n = 6) administered 0.2 mL of endospore suspensions by the bone marrow erythrocyte micronuclei assay. All the isolates tested produced between 26.96 and 239.97 µg mL−1 of surfactin. The lipopeptide extract (LPE) from isolate MFF1.11 demonstrated significant cytotoxicity in vitro. In contrast, LPE from MFF 2.2; MFF 2.7, TL1.11, TL 2.5, and TC12 had no cytotoxic effect (V% > 70%) on Caco‐2 cells, not affecting cell viability signifficantly in most treatments. Similarly, none of the endospore suspensions affected cell viability (V% > 80%). Likewise, endospores did not cause genotoxicity on BALB/c mice. This study was elementary as a first step for a new line of research, since it allowed us to choose the safest isolates to keep working on the search of new potentially probiotic strains destined to production animals to improve their performance and health.
Climatic control on the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin in easternmost Québec–Labrador (Canada) revealed by cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating
Authors: Couette Pierre‐Olivier , Ghienne Jean‐François , Lajeunesse Patrick , Van der Woerd Jérôme 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) was the largest ice sheet in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial cycle. The effects of its demise on global climate and sea‐level changes during the subsequent deglaciation are unequivocal. Understanding the interplay between ice sheets and long‐term or short‐term (e.g. abrupt) climatic events is therefore crucial for predicting future rates of ice sheet melting and their potential contribution to sea‐level changes. Here, we present 37 new 10Be surface exposure ages from easternmost Québec–Labrador that allow us to identify close ties between regional deglaciation history and climate. These results reveal that the LIS was disconnected from the Newfoundland Ice Cap by ~14.1 ka. Samples collected from moraine boulders indicate that this event was followed by five major stillstands and/or readvance stages of the LIS margin. Integrating our new moraine ages with those of earlier studies allows us to depict a temporal framework including events at ~12.9, ~11.5, ~10.4, ~9.3 and ~8.4–8.2 ka. These moraine ages highlight a strong sensitivity of the LIS to temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere, as the documented continental ice margin stabilizations coincide with abrupt cooling events recorded in Greenland ice cores. These observations support the idea of a negative feedback mechanism induced by meltwater forcings into the North Atlantic Ocean which, in turn, provoked repeated cold reversals during the Younger Dryas and early Holocene.
Ultrafine Gold Nanoparticles Anchored on Pyridine‐Inner‐Functionalized Hollow Porous Organic Nanospheres for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yang Han , Gao Shengguang , Liu Jiakang , Wu Wenjin , Luo Yiqian , Mo Guanhuan , Huang Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded on porous materials with high efficiency and stability is significant importance for heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, ultrafine Au NPs are prepared and anchored on hollow porous organic nanospheres (Au@HPONs) with polylactide‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐b‐polystyrene (PLA‐b‐P4VP‐b‐PS) triblock copolymers as precursors and pyridine as the coordination group. In this strategy, pyridine functional groups can coordinate with the Au NPs and uniformly disperse them in the carrier. Due to its hollow porous structure, high specific surface area, and physicochemical stability, the obtained Au@HPONs nanocomposite shows excellent catalytic performance and cycling ability for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol.
Encapsulation of Fragrances in Micro‐ and Nano‐Capsules, Polymeric Micelles, and Polymersomes
Authors: Russell Sam , Bruns Nico 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFragrances are ubiquitously and extensively used in everyday life and several industrial applications, including perfumes, textiles, laundry formulations, hygiene household products, and food products. However, the intrinsic volatility of these small organic molecules leaves them particularly susceptible to fast depletion from a product or from the surface they have been applied to. Encapsulation is a very effective method to limit the loss of fragrance during their use and to sustain their release. This review gives an overview of the different materials and techniques used for the encapsulation of fragrances, scents, and aromas, as well as the methods used to characterize the resulting encapsulation systems, with a particular focus on cyclodextrins, polymer microcapsules, inorganic microcapsules, block copolymer micelles, and polymersomes for fragrance encapsulation, sustained release, and controlled release.