bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Hydrogel Systems Enabling Rapid and Controllable Release of Guests at Low‐Voltage Region
Authors: Shi Yulong , Tang Ziran , Li Chenzi , Miao Yuqing , Zhu Liangliang , Yue Bingbing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSmart delivery materials that respond to electric fields attract interest across various fields, whereas systems enabling rapid, controllable, and safe delivery capabilities remain essential. Based on the hypothesis of utilizing electric field to manipulate inter‐component noncovalent bonds in delivery materials, a hydrogel system is hereby reported that is capable of achieving rapid guest release at low‐voltage region. This system harnesses the synergistic regulation of electric field‐induced host‐guest electrostatic repulsion, alongside the dynamic modulation of H‐bond interactions within the conductive hydrogel. Consequently, a voltage of 1.5 V influences the multi‐component non‐covalent crosslinking, inducing reversible pore size enlargement, and achieving an accelerated yet controlled release of 39–48% within 120 min at 1.5 V, with a low‐threshold release voltage of 0.5 V. This conductive hydrogel system enables the rapid and controlled release of various guest molecules, including drugs, fluorescent probes, and luminophores, underscoring the universality of the strategy. Furthermore, an electrical control device constructed from such hydrogel blocks is demonstrated, which is capable of performing “time‐specific” information encoding and access. The mechanism relies on physical processes, avoiding traditional redox reactions, thereby inspiring the development of safe and efficient electrically responsive materials and devices with diverse functionalities, leveraging the synergistic effect of multi‐component non‐covalent interactions.
Ultrafast, Robust, and Reversible Self‐Assembled Nanofibers via Thiolactone Chemistry Strategy
Authors: Li Haonan , Li Chunmei , Ren Hua , Cai Yingchao , Tan Jiaojun , Huang Xinyi , Yin Dezhong , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelf‐assembly in supramolecular chemistry is crucial for nanostructure creation but faces challenges like slow speeds and lack of reversibility. In this study, a novel comb‐like polymer poly(amide sulfide) (PAS) based on thiolactone chemistry is reported, which rapidly self‐assemble into stable nanofibers, offering excellent robustness and reversibility in the self‐assembled structure. The PAS backbone contains pairs of amide bonds, each linked to an alkyl side chain in a controlled 2:1 ratio. The polymer rapidly forms fibrillar micelles driven by the hydrophobic side chains and then undergoes hydrogen‐bonded cross‐linking between the main‐chain amide bonds to form stable nanofibers. N, N‐dimethylacetamide/LiCl solution allows for reversible regulation of nanofiber self‐assembly, without altering the fiber properties. It is anticipated that this line of research will enrich the field of macromolecular self‐assembly with important advances toward the realization of ultrafast, robust, and reversible self‐assembly systems.
Investigating Impacts of Amino Acids on the Structural Stability of Anionic Biomembranes
Authors: Siddique Arslan , Lowe Lauren A. , Kanti De Soumya , Loo Daniel W. K. , Le Brun Anton P. , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Wang Anna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnionic biomembranes are vital features of all living cells and were perhaps key components of the earliest cell‐like structures – protocells. In the absence of evolved protein machinery, any protocell membranes would have had their properties heavily influenced by the ambient environment, posing a systems chemistry challenge to understanding how such membranes functioned. Here we use a range of techniques to examine the effect of glycine and lysine, representative neutral and cationic amino acids, on the properties of model anionic membranes composed of equimolar POPC and POPG. Using QCM−D and neutron reflectometry, we find that unlike glycine, lysine strongly binds to the membrane, resulting in significant lipid loss and changes in the scattering length density and volume fraction of the lipids in the bilayer. Interestingly, we also find that even though lysine causes substantial changes in the physicochemical and structural properties of the anionic membrane, permeability studies show that lysine cannot permeate while glycine can, highlighting a disconnect between the structural changes observed for low curvature systems and the permeability trends observed in high curvature systems. This research provides mechanistic insights into single amino acid‐anionic biomembrane interactions, and how they could have impacted evolving protocell membrane functions and stability.
The Individual and Simultaneous Adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) Onto Directly Alkaline‐Activated Steel Slag
Authors: Hoang Le Phuong , Truong Thi Thao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSteel slag activated directly with alkaline treatment (AAS) was utilized for the individual and simultaneous removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ from the aqueous solutions. The characteristics of AAS were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SEM, and EDS techniques. The results revealed that AAS had a crystalline structure of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). The optimal conditions for removing Co2⁺ and Ni2⁺ were found at pH 6, with a contact time of 120 min for individual adsorption and 150 min for simultaneous adsorption. The Langmuir model indicated that the maximum adsorption capacities for individual adsorption were 108.6 mg/g for Co2⁺ and 111.7 mg/g for Ni2⁺. However, in simultaneous adsorption, competition between the metal ions reduced the adsorption capacity, with maximum removal capacities of Co2⁺ and Ni2⁺ on AAS calculated as 58.2 and 72.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of Co2+ and Ni2+, both individually and simultaneously, best conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. In both the individual and simultaneous systems, the adsorption capacities followed the order of Ni2+ > Co2+. However, the adsorption process of Ni2+ onto AAS was more sensitive than that of Co2+, as evaluated by analyzing the effect of Co2+:Ni2+ concentration ratios on the adsorption process. The potential mechanisms of Co2+ and Ni2+ removal by AAS included cation exchange, complex formation with surface‐active groups, precipitation of new insoluble substances on the adsorbent surface, and competition between metal ions during simultaneous adsorption. The high adsorption efficiency can be attributed to the release of Ca2+ and OH− from the CSH crystals. These results suggest that AAS is a promising adsorbent for the removal of Co2+ and Ni2+ from water.
Chinese guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of juvenile‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (2024)
Authors:   Working Group of Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of JORRP,   Subspecialty Group of Pediatrics, Society of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese Medical Association,   Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe incidence of juvenile‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) varies worldwide, and the lack of well‐adopted guidelines for use in China suggests that patients with JORRP do not receive optimal care. In America, where data are available, pediatric patients undergo an average of 4 surgeries annually and a total of >40 surgeries in their lifetimes primarily due to this condition. It is widely accepted that timely diagnosis and implementation of scientifically sound and effective interventions can prevent JORRP progression and mitigate serious complications. Notably, evidence‐based guidelines to coordinate care are lacking, and there is a need to standardize clinical practice to improve outcomes for patients. The International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group issued guidelines in 2020 to improve care for patients with JORRP. However, this guideline was majorly tailored to the healthcare system in Europe and America, posing a challenge to its adoption in China. To this effect, we assembled a guideline development working group to formulate guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of JORRP tailored to the Chinese context. The working group consisting of multidisciplinary experts with experience in managing patients with JORRP undertook qualitative and quantitative studies, conducted two rounds of Delphi consensus, and carried out multiple systematic reviews/meta‐analyses to provide 24 key recommendations to 12 questions of clinical interest. We anticipate that healthcare workers, including primary care physicians and specialists managing JORRP, will find the guidelines useful, and their utilization will translate to improved outcomes for patients with the disease.
Seismic Collapse Risk of Stone Masonry Buildings in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Shastri Ravi , Ray-Chaudhuri Samit , Singh Yogendra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConventionally, seismic hazard at a site is represented by a uniform hazard spectrum (UHS), which represents the seismic hazard in terms of spectral ordinates corresponding to a fixed probability of exceedance at all periods of vibration. Alternatively, a hazard curve can be developed for a site corresponding to each spectral period, which provides the probability of exceedance of different amplitudes of spectral ordinates. The hazard curve can be used for the estimation of the collapse risk of a structure in a given life span. Accordingly, if a structure is designed using a standard procedure to yield a standard fragility curve, a design response spectrum can be constructed to achieve a targeted collapse risk of the structure in its life span. The obtained spectrum is designated as a risk-targeted response spectrum (RTRS). Thus, RTRS provides design spectral demand to achieve uniform (targeted) collapse risk across all spectral periods. RTRS depends on the targeted risk value and construction type, given the site’s seismic hazard. The focus of this study is constructing RTRS for masonry structures aiming to enhance their service life and achieve the targeted collapse risk, which will help gain better control over their performance. Also, a comparative study of the UHS corresponding to different locations and RTRS for chosen targeted risk for the northern Himalayan region is performed in this paper. Moreover, the risk values for the masonry structures with varying heights of storey and dynamic parameters are also compared, and the obtained values are compared with the targeted risk value.
Sustainable Method for Determining Shear Strength Parameters by Machine Learning
Authors: Chorapalli Jnanendra Vijay Kumar , Das Soukat Kumar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe conventional methods for determining the shear strength parameters of soil, namely cohesion (C) and angle of internal friction (φ), involve time-consuming and expensive machinery. Also, the extraction metal ore processing into metal and machine manufacturing involves a high level of carbon emission. During the operation of these machines a large quantity of electricity is generated in thermal power plants, leading to an indirect increase in the carbon footprint, thus suggesting a need for the adoption of more sustainable practices. This study is aimed at reducing net zero emission by laboratory testing machines by develop a predictive machine-learning model for estimating soil shear strength parameters by utilizing the existing soil data. An artificial neural network (ANN) is one such model inspired by the human brain, with the ability to learn complex patterns and relationships in data. For this, 88 soil samples in all were gathered from the literature that was available. Basic index properties of soil are used as inputs and C, φ are predicted as outputs. A neural network is developed using a Bayesian regularization optimization algorithm. The model developed is evaluated using the root mean squared error, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute error. The efficacy demonstrated by the ANN model ensures reliable predictions, thus promoting the adoption of these predictive models, leading to net zero carbon emissions in the testing field of geotechnical engineering.
Tactical Urbanism: A Means of Enacting Mobility Transition? A Literature Review of International Practice
Authors: Suslowicz Jarvis , Hillnhütter Helge 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis chapter assesses the state of practice for institutional-led tactical urbanism as a means of enacting a transition towards active travel in cities. Using an established assessment framework, the chapter reviews 92 academic works covering the use of temporary, tactical and experimental street-space reallocation projects towards the goal of permanently increasing mode-shares of active modes through improved spatial provision. Although significant ground has been made in this area, particularly in response to the opportunity presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, most projects still encounter difficulty in transitioning towards long-term outcomes. Through a focus on planning process and implementation, the chapter identifies common blockages and limitations inherent to orienting short-term interventions towards long-term transformative goals, while identifying potential best practices common to interventions which do achieve long-term replicability. While some causes of failure are contextually dependent—particularly temporally limited funding schemes and variation in local competencies—the chapter proposes that closer attention to strategic factors ordinarily present in traditional planning can improve the viability of measures.
Evaluating Digital Citizen Participation in Smart Cities
Authors: Adhikari Aashish , Afshari Mahgol , Collins Dave , Salaj Alenka Temeljotov , Johansen Agnar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCities of the future will be smarter and data-driven, utilizing digital technologies to shape urban development. Citizen participation lies at the core of these cities and allows individuals and communities to design their cities to best suit their needs, aspirations, and values. While advancement in technology has expanded opportunities for participation, balance in data-driven insight and aspirations of community perspective should be the major focus of these cities for enhancing participation outcomes, which are explored further in this paper.The study is based on the case study of digital participation conducted as a part of the planning process and citizen participation initiative held in the development of Torskeholmen, a coastal area in Grimstad Municipality, Norway. The survey involved 3474 responses (15% of the municipal population) from the citizens through the involvement of innovative strategies and initiatives.This research has studied the information from this substantial citizen digital survey to examine how these methods have affected community engagement, which is discussed and analysed. The results highlight approaches that can enhance citizen participation in urban planning projects. These findings can be used to envision future possibilities for citizen participation and to understand better the complexities, obstacles, and opportunities for enhancing participation through practical experiences.
Sustainable and Carbon Neutral Built Environment Through ECBC Compliance
Authors: Kumar Anil , Thakur Rohit 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe industrial revolution has exacerbated climate change on Earth, mostly due to variables such as rising ambient temperatures, increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and the presence of environmental contaminants. To address this issue, it is imperative to promptly embrace sustainable alternatives. Plasterboard technology presents a viable option for promoting sustainable development, given that about 70% of India’s future building stock remains unconstructed by 2030. Plasterboard technology has had a substantial surge in popularity in Western countries in the last several decades. However, in India, the use of this energy-efficient material remains limited owing to a lack of understanding. This research used the eQUEST simulation tool to analyze the energy usage of a hospitality complex across four distinct climate zones in India. Plasterboards not only save energy consumption but also facilitate the efficient execution of the energy conservation building codes (ECBC). The conventional construction material, namely, burned clay brick with a combined thickness of 280 mm (25 mm (plaster) + 230 mm (FCB) + 25 mm (plaster)), has a thermal transmittance of 2.11 W/m2·K, which is somewhat higher than the specified value in the codes. The thermal transmittance of AAC blocks with the same thickness and layer composition is 0.67 W/m2·K. In contrast, the thermal transmittance of plasterboards with a total thickness of 157 mm is 0.37 W/m2·K, which is below the required value of 0.40 W/m2·K specified in the regulations.
Nyhavna: A Harbour Area on Its Way to Climate Neutrality: Empirical Insights and Learnings for Different Stakeholders
Authors: Skaar Marianne , Bø Lars Arne , Thomsen Judith 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCreating climate-neutral, inclusive urban areas demands long-term multi-stakeholder engagement. Concepts such as Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) and Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZENs) aim for climate neutrality by producing energy surpluses and fostering attractive living spaces. While there’s significant research on emission reduction in buildings, neighbourhood-scale studies are scarce.This chapter is a case study of the programming of the sustainable transition process of a former harbour area (Nyhavna) in Trondheim, Norway. Approaches applied during the early planning phase are explored, assessing the suitability of these from the perspective of different stakeholders. How does the chosen pathway for the planning process of Nyhavna impact the harbour area’s transformation into an attractive, zero emission neighbourhood? What challenges arise, and which strategies are essential for maintaining high ambitions over time?Six qualitative expert interviews with seven informants of different stakeholder groups were conducted, public text documents were analysed, and participative observation in meetings was carried out.The study highlights several challenges experienced by the informants: Continuous stakeholder involvement is challenging and must be planned for; various planning document and the ownership structure of a neighbourhood can impose barriers to ambitious goals, the hierarchy of goals must be clearly defined, and the roles of stakeholders and their interplay should be clarified. This chapter contributes to understanding factors influencing climate-neutral neighbourhood development and offers practical recommendations based on the Nyhavna case study.
Post-Project Evaluation: A Perspective on Effective and Sustainable Healthcare Design
Authors: Sacchetti Laura , Di Giulio Roberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEuropean countries are facing healthcare challenges demanding significant improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare delivery. Consequently, primary care is being strengthened by developing new facilities. As the design of healthcare facilities inevitably entails a delicate balance between various needs and requirements (functional, spatial, environmental, etc.), alongside economic constraints, it is important to determine which elements should be prioritised in the design of new primary care facilities. For this reason, building performance evaluation (BPE) has become a critical aspect of the design, construction and operation of buildings. BPE tools may provide a rational basis to guide designers and local public authorities in decision-making and in prioritising design objectives to optimise primary care facility design as well as to verify design quality in post-occupancy phases. The aim of this chapter is to analyse validated evaluation tools for healthcare-built environments to provide a comprehensive understanding of their main characteristics (target audience, aspects investigated, application phases, data collection methods, expected outcomes and impacts), thereby developing a guideline framework to streamline the adaptation or development of tools specifically tailored to primary care facilities.
R3 Reactivity Test on Biochar from Pyrolyzed Green Waste, Wood Waste, and Screen Overflow
Authors: Mayer Maximilian , Ukrainczyk Neven , Koenders Eduardus 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlobal warming is strongly affected by the release of various anthropogenic greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, and is still increasing due to the use of fossil fuels, land use, and the consumption and production of goods. Cement production is accountable for approximately 6% of the global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this respect, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) made from sustainable resources can make a significant contribution to reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating global warming. Biochar typically possesses the necessary properties, such as microstructure, specific surface area and chemical stability, to be used as SCM. The present work reports the reactivity of biochar from pyrolyzed biomass, focusing on screen overflows which consist of green waste, wood waste, and other inorganic waste. Screen overflows from two different composting plants in Germany and different particle size distributions (< 40 μm, 40–125 μm, and 125–250 μm) are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the R3 test. TGA is conducted after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. Additionally, the chemical composition is determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size distribution. Material from screen overflows was focused purposely in this study due to them being one of the main components being incinerated in waste incineration plants. Therefore, pyrolyzed biochar produced from these screen overflows represents an up-cycling opportunity. Preliminary investigations revealed a moderate reactivity.
Controllable Generation of Porous Microstructures Through Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Torben Jakob , Bao Kai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study presents a new approach to asphalt material analysis, utilising deep generative learning techniques to generate asphalt microstructures from a limited set of micro-CT images. Recognising the critical influence of porosity variation and vertical distribution on the performance and durability of pavement structures, our research focuses on reconstructing the porous microstructure of asphalt. This deep learning-based method enables the rapid creation of new three-dimensional (3D) volumes with controllable porosity profiles, which can be used for material design, simulations and characterisation.We conduct a comparative analysis between the generated volumes and the original micro-CT images. This approach aims to validate the generated dataset’s accuracy and assess the effectiveness of our method. Our findings indicate that generative deep learning can rapidly generate new representative 3D microstructures with properties that match the real dataset. This advancement provides a new framework for future explorations into developing more durable and efficient pavement systems.Through the integration of generative deep learning methods with micro-CT imaging techniques, this paper introduces a fresh perspective on the design and analysis of asphalt materials. The developed framework can also be extended to other types of microstructures and properties which can offer a powerful and flexible method in the field of material science and civil engineering.