bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Encoding For Healthcare Data Democratisation and Information Leakage Prevention
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Armstrong Jacob , Abrol Vinayak , Wang Yujiang , Clifton David , Thakur Anshul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The lack of data democratization and information leakage from trained models hinder the development and acceptance of robust deep learning-based healthcare solutions. This paper argues that irreversible data encoding can provide an effective solution to achieve data democratization without violating the privacy constraints imposed on healthcare data and clinical models. An ideal encoding framework transforms the data into a new space where it is imperceptible to a manual or computational inspection. However, encoded data should preserve the semantics of the original data such that deep learning models can be trained effectively. This paper hypothesizes the characteristics of the desired encoding framework and then exploits random projections and random quantum encoding to realize this framework for dense and longitudinal or time-series data. Experimental evaluation highlights that models trained on encoded time-series data effectively uphold the information bottleneck principle and hence, exhibit lesser information leakage from trained models.
Urban form influences travel distances, car ownership, and mode choice: Evidence from 19 European cities
Authors: Javaid Aneeque , Milojevic-Dupont Nikola , Nachtigall Florian , Wagner Felix , Creutzig Felix , Berrill Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Steady growth in global greenhouse gas emissions from transport is driven by growing demand for car travel. Cities hold large potential to reduce energy demand and emissions from mobility through encouraging shorter travel distances and sustainable travel modes. In European cities however, personal cars still dominate travel, facilitating continued growth of transport emissions and having negative implications for numerous other dimensions of sustainability. A growing body of research investigates linkages between urban form and mobility, mostly using aggregate data in multiple cities, or disaggregated data for individual cities. Here, we compare urban travel patterns and influences of urban form at spatially disaggregated scale across nineteen cities in four European countries using statistically advanced methods. We enrich travel survey data with metrics describing local urban form. We compare car ownership and travel patterns across cities and use supervised machine learning to explore influences of urban form and other features on mode choice, car ownership, and trip distances. Residential proximity to the city center is the greatest enabler of sustainable urban mobility. Future residential development should be concentrated near to urban centers. Overall city size is important, as occupants of small and medium-sized cities have higher car ownership and use than large cities, motivating increased attention on sustainable mobility transitions outside of large cities. We highlight targeted solutions to increase access to sustainable mobility for certain population groups, and for longer urban trips. Our results confirm that urban planning is a key instrument for increasing sustainability of land transport.
Increasing atmospheric CO2 enhances the carbon uptake of the coastal ocean
Authors: Mathis Moritz , Lacroix Fabrice , Hagemann Stefan , Nielsen David , Ilyina Tatiana , Schrum Corinna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Observational reconstructions indicate a contemporary increase in coastal ocean CO2 uptake. However, the mechanisms and their relative importance in driving this globally intensifying absorption remain unclear. Here we integrate coastal carbon dynamics in a global model via regional grid refinement and enhanced process representation. We find that the increasing coastal ocean CO2 uptake is primarily driven by the upper ocean-atmosphere equilibration lag (41%), followed by climate-induced changes in the circulation (36%) and increasing riverine nutrient loads (23%). The comparatively weak riverine impact is mediated by enhanced advective export of organic carbon across the shelf break, thereby further adding to the carbon enrichment of the open ocean. The contribution of biological carbon fixation increases as the coastal ocean capacity to hold CO2 decreases under continuous climate change and ocean acidification. Our seamless coastal ocean integration advances carbon cycle model realism, which is relevant for addressing impacts of climate change mitigation efforts.
Improving Lungs Cancer Detection Based on Hybrid Features and Employing Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Yang Jing , Yee Por Lip , Khan Abdullah Ayub , Khan Mohammad Shahbaz , Karamti Hanen , Aldweesh Amjad , Hussain Lal , Omar Abdulfattah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer detection using machine learning involves training a model on a dataset of medical images, such as CT scans, to identify patterns and features associated with lung cancer. Past researchers developed different computer aided diagnostic (CAD) systems for early prediction of lung cancer. The researchers extracted single features such as texture, morphology etc.; however, by combining the features, accuracy can be improved. In this study, we extracted Gray-level co-occurrence (GLCM), autoencoder and Haralick texture features. We combined these features and computed the performance using robust machine algorithms including Decision tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB) and support vector machine (SVM) with different kernel functions. The performance was evaluated using standard performance measures. The hybrid methods such as GLCM + Autoencoder, and Haralick + Autoencoder yielded highest detection performance using SVM Gaussian and radial base function (RBF) with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) with accuracy of 100% and AUC 1.00 followed by SVM polynomial yielded an accuracy of 99.89% and AUC of 1.00; GLCM + Haralick using SVM Gaussian yielded accuracy (99.56%), SVM RBF yielded accuracy (99.35%). The results reveal that the proposed feature extraction methodology can be usefully used to predict the lung cancer for further diagnosis at early stage.
MSC: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Lung Cancer, cross validation
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes between Dusting and Fragmentation in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
Authors: Wen Zhi , Wang Li , Liu Yang , Huang jing , Chen Cai-xia , Wang Chong-jian , Chen Lin-lin , Yang Xue-song 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives comparing stone-free rates and associated outcome measures between two surgical modalities of lithotripsy fragmentation and removal or spontaneous passage of dust during retrograde flexible ureteroscopy (RIRS)Methods In March 2023, we conducted a literature search in several widely used databases worldwide, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. We only considered English articles and excluded pediatric patients. Reviews and protocols without any published data were excluded. We also excluded articles with conference abstracts and irrelevant content. We used the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method and random-effects models to assess inverse variances and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mean differences in categorical variables. The results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results Our final meta-analysis included nine articles, comprising two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and seven cohort studies. The total number of patients included in these studies was 1326, and all studies used holmium laser lithotripsy. The pooled analysis of the dust and basket groups showed that the basket group had a higher stone-free rate (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.41–0.89; p = 0.01); the dust group had a shorter operative time (WMD – 11.6 min; 95% CI – 19.56 – − 3.63; p = 0.004); and the dust group had a higher retreatment rate (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.31–3.13; p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay, overall complications, or postoperative fever.Conclusions Our results showed that both procedures could be safely and effectively used for upper ureteral and renal calculi lithotripsy, the dust group had potential advantages over the basket group in terms of operation time, and the basket group had certain advantages in terms of stone-free rate and retreatment rate.
Fast Context Awareness Encoder for LiDAR Point Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Du Tingyu , Wang Dongxing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
LiDAR sensor is a valuable tool for environmental perception as it can generate 3D point cloud data with reflectivity and position information by reflecting laser beams. However, it cannot provide the meaning of each point cloud cluster, which has led to many studies focusing on identifying semantic information about point clouds. This paper explores point cloud segmentation and presents a network that encodes point cloud data at different levels to obtain semantic information about the point cloud cluster. The local context awareness network uses the points and their surrounding points to contribute local features, which are then combined with global features to obtain a better understanding of the position, density, and other information of the point cloud. The feature extraction network provides highly abstracted information, allowing for more accurate semantic segmentation of the discrete points in space. The proposed algorithm is compared and verified against other Semantic KITTI data algorithms, and has achieved state-of-the-art performance. Due to its ability to note fine-grained features on the z-axis in space, the algorithm shows higher prediction accuracy for certain types of objects. Moreover, the training and validation time is short, and the algorithm can meet high real-time requirements for 3D perception tasks.
Blockage of NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 can reverse the effect of pyroptosis in HUVECs and thrombosis of pregnancy rats
Authors: Xu Yanhua , Wang Qinghua , Lu Yue , Shi Qin , Xu Linjie , Chen Siyi , Zhang You , Han Mengru , Zhang Yuquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common disease, the morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the puerperium are significantly increased. However, the current understanding of its pathogenesis and pathophysiology is not fully adequate, which limits the choice of therapeutic approaches to some extent. In this study, we speculate that the massive accumulation of ROS in vascular endothelial cells after ischemia and hypoxia activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn releases a large amount of inflammatory factors that contribute to venous thrombosis. To verify the hypothesis, we established a DVT model in pregnant rats by the stenosis method and an H2O2-induced HUVECs model. The study hypothesis was fully confirmed by HE, IHC, Masson, Western blot, qRT-PCR, IF, ELISA, CCK8, LDH, invasion, migration, scratching, tube formation, TUNEL, JC-1 and flow cytometry experiments. We have reached the following results: 1.NLRP3 inflammasome was activated during the development of DVT (P < 0.0001). 2.MCC950 promoted the lysis, mechanization and recanalization of DVT in pregnant rats by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (P< 0.05). 3.MCC950 reduced embryo loss and improved pregnancy outcome. 4.MCC950 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation after H2O2-induced injury in HUVECs by enhancing ROS sensitivity (P < 0.05). To sum up, the study provides a new basic theoretical basis and potential therapeutic reference for the prevention and treatment of pregnancy-associated venous thromboembolism (PA-VTE).
Mandibular Shape Variation in Different Sheep Breeds
Authors: Boz İlayda , Manuta Nicoleta , Jashari Tefik , Kahvecioğlu Oya , Pazvant Gülsün , Ince Nazan Gezer , Duro Sokol , Spataru Mihaela-Claudia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In countries that have animal husbandry tradition and are developing this, it is impossible not to underline the different local breeds. There is anatomically significant morphological and morphometric variability among these breeds, which differ from one region to another. In this study, geometric morphometry was performed in order to examine the shape variation of the mandible and to reveal the shape variations due to breed diversity in the Bardhoka (Kosova), Țurcana (Romania) and İvesi (Turkey) breed sheep. A total of 40 (10 Bardhoka, 10 Țurcana, 20 İvesi) mandibles were used and were examined shape differences for these three breeds. 2D images of the mandibles were analyzed from the lateral view 9 landmarks were used. Average shape and shape variations of the mandible were obtained for all samples. Mandible showed significant shape variation among sheep breeds and the results were statistically significant. According to the results, among the three sheep breeds in the study, the İvesi breed has the widest mandible shape distribution. While İvesi and Țurcana show a wider distribution in shape variation; The Bardhoka breed expressed a more limited variation. It can be noticed that all three breeds are morphologically and morphometrically different from each other. Bardhoka and İvesi breeds were the most different from each other in this study (p < 0.0001). It is thought that the obtained findings will contribute to future geometric morphometry studies with ruminant mandible samples.
Contact-free modulation of stony coral productivity by sessile reef organisms
Authors: Engelhardt Kara , Vetter Jana , Wöhrmann-Zipf Franziska , Dietzmann André , Proll Franziska , Reifert Hannah , Schüll Ilona , Stahlmann Max , Ziegler Maren 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Coral reefs are biodiversity and productivity hotspots1 where space limitation makes interactions between organisms inevitable. Biodiversity loss and shifts in community composition alter the interactions between coral reef organisms, however downstream effects on the productivity of individual species remain unexplored. Here, we quantified changes in stony coral productivity as immediate (photosynthesis, respiration) and long-term (photosynthesis, respiration, calcification, and symbiont density) response to contact-free interactions with various benthic organisms (stony corals, soft corals, macroalgae, sponges). By systematically excluding confounding biological and physical factors, we provide experimental proof that corals sense the presence of other organisms and modulate their productivity as a response. Each stony coral species had a characteristic response to contact-free stimuli, while the identity of the interaction partner was of subordinate importance. Our data highlight so-far unaccounted downstream effects that biodiversity loss and shifting coral reef communities may have through indirect modulation of productivity, resulting in disproportionate benefits for some species. The productivity response is probably mediated by secondary metabolites released into the water, which are distinguished as self- and non-self attributes as part of a historecognition system in corals. The communication pathways between sessile reef organisms that mediate these interactions remain to be investigated.
Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram for Elderly Patients with Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Receving Radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Zhang Qingfen , Wu Qian , Zhao Lujun , Gao Yunbin , Li Xue , Guan Song , Yan Meng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The present study explored the risk factors associated with radiotherapy in seniors diagnosed with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) to construct and validate a prognostic nomogram.
Methods: The study retrospectively included 137 elderly patients with LS-SCLC who previously received radiation therapy. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors and determine optimal cut-off values. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and nomograms were constructed to predict survival. Calibration and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of the nomogram.
Results: Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric (CIRS-G) score, treatment strategy, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), white blood cell-to-monocyte ratio (WMR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were discovered to be independent prognostic factors. Based on the findings of our multivariate analysis, a risk nomogram was developed to assess patient prognosis. Internal bootstrap resampling was utilized to validate the model, and while the accuracy of the AUC curve at 1 year was modest at 0.657 (95% CI: 0.458-0.856), good results were achieved in predicting 3- and 5-year survival with AUCs of 0.757 (95% CI: 0.670-0.843) and 0.768 (95% CI: 0.643-0.893), respectively. Calibration curves for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival probabilities demonstrated good cocsistency between expected and actual outcomes.
Conclusion: Patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy,CIRS-G score > 5 points and low PNI, WMR and LMR correlated with poor prognosis. The nomogram model developed based on these factors demonstrated good predictive performance and provides a simple, accessible, and practical tool for clinicians to guide clinical decision-making and study design.
Ecological and molecular associations between Neotropical wild felids and Taenia (Cestoda: Taeniidae) in the Atlantic Forest: a new report for Taenia omissa
Authors: Arrabal J. P. , Arce L. , Macchiaroli N. , Kamenetzky L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ecological associations between wild felids and parasites from the Taeniidae family are slightly related to predator-prey interactions, where felids act as definitive hosts and their prey, herbivores and/or omnivores, are intermediate hosts in the cycle. In the Atlantic Forest, six neotropical felid species coexist in sympatry, but the ecological parasite-host interactions remain poorly studied. Taenia omissa is a tapeworm associated with cougar (Puma concolor) as the only definitive host and its ungulate prey as intermediate host. The aim of this study was to perform an integrated analysis for the identification of tapeworms from road-killed fauna using both molecular and morphological characteristics. Tapeworms from a cougar, a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) and two ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and metacestodes from a red brocket deer (Mazama americana) and a wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) were analyzed. Taenia omissa individuals were identified in the cougar and in the red brocket deer through morphological analysis of rostellar hooks and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial genetic marker COX1, demonstrating the presence of a complete host-parasite life cycle in the Atlantic Forest region. This new report expands the geographic distribution of T. omissa and shows the southernmost record. In addition, isolates of Taenia genus divergent from those described so far in molecular databases were reported and propose a wild cycle that involves the jaguarundi and agouti as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. These results show the complexity of the tapeworm population in the region and the need to study them with both morphological and molecular approaches.
Diagnostic values of delayed additional FDG PET/CT scan in the evaluation of cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Manabe Osamu , Takahashi Keiko , Kawakami Hiroki , Ohtsuka Akira , Aikawa Tadao , Maki Hisataka , Ibe Tatsuro , Fujita Hideo , Oyama-Manabe Noriko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to compare the contribution of 18F-fluorodepxyglucose (FDG) positron (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) acquisition of early and delayed scan in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS).
Methods
Twenty-three patients with CS (median age: 69 years; 11 women) were retrospectively evaluated using dual-phase FDG PET/CT. All patients were instructed to consume a low-carbohydrate diet followed by fasting for 18 h before FDG injection to reduce physiological myocardial uptake. PET/CT was acquired at 60 min (early) and 100 min (delayed) after FDG administration. Focal and focal on diffuse uptake on visual analysis was considered positive for CS. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the cardiac lesion and the mean SUV (SUV mean) of the blood pool.
Results
Significant myocardial FDG uptake was observed in 21 patients (91.3%) in the early acquisition group and in 23 patients in the delayed scan group (100%). Compared to the early scan, the delayed scan showed a significantly higher SUVmax of cardiac lesion (median, 4.0; IQR [interquartile range, 2.9 to 7.0] vs. 5.8 [IQR 3.7 to 10.1]; P = 0.0030) and a significantly lower SUVmean of blood pool (median, 1.3 [IQR, 1.2 to 1.4] vs. 1.1 [IQR, 0.9 to 1.2]; P < 0.0001).
Conclusion
Delayed FDG PET/CT acquisition improves detection accuracy in patients with CS compared to early scans with washout of the blood pool activity. Therefore, it can contribute to a more accurate assessment of CS.
Factors affecting total protein and lactoferrin concentrations in human milk during the first six months of lactation
Authors: Kulesza-Brończyk Bożena , Bień Agnieszka , Sobieraj Piotr , Orczyk-Pawiłowicz Magdalena , Lis-Kuberka Jolanta , Czosnykowska-Łukacka Matylda , Bzikowska-Jura Agnieszka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting total, true protein and lactoferrin (Lf) concentrations in human milk (HM) and to evaluate the changes in protein concentrations over the course of lactation (first to sixth month postpartum). Methods HM samples were collected from 33 exclusively breastfeeding mothers during six time periods (1–6 months postpartum). Sampling time was in the morning between 7.00 and 9.00. The concentrations of total and true protein in HM were determined using the MIRIS human milk analyzer (HMA). The assessment of HM protein content was also performed in skim HM samples and quantified by bicinchoninic methods with the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay Kit. In turn, Lf content in skim HM samples was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in accordance with a slightly modified procedure. Results In the first and the sixth months postpartum total HM protein concentration was 1.35 ± 0.24 and 1.02 ± 0.16 g/100 mL, respectively, whereas Lf concentration was 4.9 ± 2.0 g/L and 4.4 ± 1.4 g/L, respectively. In the first month of lactation total protein concentration was negatively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (r = -0.397;p = 0.022), whereas in the third month postpartum, positive correlation with maternal age was found (r = 0.399;p = 0.021). Considering Lf concentration, in the first month of lactation, it was positively correlated with baby’s birth weight (r = 0.514;p = 0.002). In the next months (from second to sixth) no relationships between Lf concentration and maternal and infants’ factors were observed. Conclusions The concentration of protein and Lf in HM changes dynamically throughout lactation. Maternal and infant characteristics may impact the HM protein and Lf content, especially in the first month postpartum.