bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical care for patients with substance use disorders
Authors: Steel Tessa L. , Bhatraju Elenore P. , Hills-Dunlap Kelsey 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewTo examine the impact of substance use disorders (SUDs) on critical illness and the role of critical care providers in treating SUDs. We discuss emerging evidence supporting hospital-based addiction treatment and highlight the clinical and research innovations needed to elevate the standards of care for patients with SUDs in the intensive care unit (ICU) amidst staggering individual and public health consequences.Recent findingsDespite the rapid increase of SUDs in recent years, with growing implications for critical care, dedicated studies focused on ICU patients with SUDs remain scant. Available data demonstrate SUDs are major risk factors for the development and severity of critical illness and are associated with poor outcomes. ICU patients with SUDs experience mutually reinforcing effects of substance withdrawal and pain, which amplify risks and consequences of delirium, and complicate management of comorbid conditions. Hospital-based addiction treatment can dramatically improve the health outcomes of hospitalized patients with SUDs and should begin in the ICU.SummarySUDs have a significant impact on critical illness and post-ICU outcomes. High-quality cohort and treatment studies designed specifically for ICU patients with SUDs are needed to define best practices and improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Physical rehabilitation, mobilization and patient-centred outcomes: what is new?
Authors: Broadley Tessa , Higgins Alisa , Hodgson Carol 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Physical rehabilitation and mobilization interventions aim to reduce the incidence of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness and subsequently reduce morbidity in critically ill patients. This chapter will explore the evidence for physical rehabilitation and mobilization with an emphasis on patient-centred outcomes selected in randomized controlled trials. This is particularly pertinent at a time when clinicians are deciding how to implement physical rehabilitation and mobilization into the treatment of critically ill patients.

Recent findings
Multiple trials of physical rehabilitation and mobilization were published in 2022 and 2023 with conflicting results. Analysing the complexities of physical rehabilitation research provides an insight into these results and will aid in the interpretation of trials of physical rehabilitation and mobilization.

Summary
Patient-centred outcomes are often utilized in physical rehabilitation and mobilization research, but this does not automatically correspond to an increase in research quality. Improving consistency in trials of physical rehabilitation will aid in the interpretation and translation of physical rehabilitation research.
Severe community-acquired pneumonia in the post COVID-19 era
Authors: Ruiz-Spinelli Alfonsina , Waterer Grant , Rello Jordi 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The aim was to examine and summarize the most recent published literature in the last years stating the advances for treatment options and adjunctive therapies in patients hospitalized with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP). Search was performed in PubMed, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and international guidelines.

Recent findings
Regardless of a large number of published CAP guidelines, most of their recommendations are based on low-level evidence.
Viruses have an increasing role as sCAP etiology with an impact on mortality. Accordingly, it is imperative to strengthen the demand for vaccines and newer antivirals. Considering an early monitoring of the immune response in patients with severe Influenza, may help to evaluate a personalized immunomodulatory strategy. Despite growing evidence, the use of corticosteroids as an adjunctive therapy in bacterial sCAP continues to be controversial.

Summary
Mortality due to sCAP still remains undesirably high. This fact strengthens the need for more high-quality research to increase evidence. It also highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of the level of evidence of the stated recommendations, taking this into consideration before decision making.
Severe meningoencephalitis: epidemiology and outcomes
Authors: Thy Michael , de Montmollin Etienne , Bouadma Lila , Timsit Jean-François , Sonneville Romain 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
This article aims to provide an updated review on the epidemiology and outcomes of severe meningoencephalitis.

Recent findings
Meningoencephalitis is a critical medical condition characterized by inflammation in both the meninges and brain parenchyma. Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections are common causes, although noninfectious factors, such as autoimmune causes, can also contribute. In patients requiring intensive care, meningoencephalitis is associated with a severe prognosis, including mortality rates ranging from 11 to 25% and functional disability in 15–25% of survivors. Recent multicenter studies have identified several parameters linked to poor outcomes, including older age, immunocompromised status, focal neurologic signs, abnormal brain imaging, and delayed administration of antimicrobials. The use of new multiplex PCR techniques for diagnosis has generated debate based on recent data. Investigation is still needed to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive therapies, including seizure prophylaxis, and adjunctive steroids for nonbacterial causes.

Summary
Recent multicenter studies have enhanced our understanding of the current epidemiology and outcomes of severe meningoencephalitis in adult patients.
Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with colorectal adenomatous polyps and non-adenomatous polyps: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Yingxue , Teng Yajie , Shi Jiayi , Xu Jianhao , Bao Jie , Zhang Xia , Wang Qinghua 
Published: August 2023

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and both colorectal adenomatous polyps and non-
adenomatous polyps, in order to provide evidence for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with NAFLD.

Methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu, China. The study included 3028 adults who underwent abdominal ultrasonography and colonoscopy over a 5 year period. We compared characteristics among patients with adenomatous polyps, non-adenomatous polyps, and without colorectal polyps using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect associations between NAFLD with the prevalence of adenomatous polyps and non-adenomatous polyps. NAFLD was determined by abdominal ultrasound. Colorectal polyps were assessed by data in the colonoscopy report and pathology report.

Results
A total of 65% of patients with NAFLD had colorectal polys (52% adenomatous polyps and 13% non-adenomatous polyps), and 40% of patients without NAFLD had polyps (29% adenomatous polyps and 11% non-adenomatous polyps). After adjusting for confounding variables, NAFLD was significantly associated with the prevalence of adenomatous in males and females [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6–2.2, P < 0.01], but was not associated with non-adenomatous polyps (OR = 1.2, 95% CI:0.9–1.5, P > 0.05).

Conclusion
NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps compared to the absence of polyps, but not associated with an increased risk of non-adenomatous polyps. These results provide important evidence for the prevention of CRC in patients with NAFLD.
Olfactory Groove Schwannoma or Olfactory Ensheathing cell Tumor?
Authors: Guo Wenqiang , Liu Zhirui , Wang Zhigang , Tian Hailong , Zi Xicun 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells. Rare cases are shown to arise from the olfactory nerve. The genesis of Olfactory groove schwannoma (OGSs) is still puzzling. Yusda et al hypothesized that olfactory ensheathing cell tumors (OECTs) might be the origin of OGSs.

Clinical Presentation:
Here, the authors report the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a paroxysmal headache for 1 year. The tumor appeared as hypointensity on T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted, and exhibited strong, heterogeneous enhancement. The tumor was removed through a lateral supraorbital approach. The final pathologic diagnosis was schwannoma. The postoperative period was uneventful after 4 months, and the headache disappeared.

Disscussion and Conclusion:
OGSs and OECTs are extremely rare. There are many similarities in clinical manifestations, images, and pathologic findings. OGSs are difficult to distinguish from OECTs.
Analysis of Individual Components of Frailty in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney, and Solitary Pancreas Transplant Recipients
Authors: Parajuli Sandesh , Odorico Jon , Breyer Isabel , Zona Emily , Aziz Fahad , Lorden Heather , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Kaufman Dixon , Mandelbrot Didier 
Published: August 2023

Backgrounds:
It is not known which of the 5 components of the Fried frailty score have the most predictive value for outcomes in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK) and solitary pancreas transplant (SPT) recipients.

Methods:
In this study, we sought to investigate the association between pretransplant overall frailty and individual frailty components, with posttransplant outcomes among SPK and SPT recipients. Outcomes of interest were length of stay, kidney delayed graft function (K-DGF), readmission within 30 d after discharge, cardiovascular events, acute rejection, pancreas death-censored graft failure (DCGF), kidney DCGF, and death.

Results:
Of the individual frailty components among SPK (n = 113), only slow walk time was associated with an increased risk of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.99; P = 0.03). Among SPT (n = 49), higher sum frailty scores (coefficient correlation 0.29; P = 0.04) and weight loss (coefficient correlation  = 0.30; P = 0.03) were associated with prolonged length of stay. Similarly, weight loss among SPT was associated with an increased risk of DCGF (aOR: 4.34; P = 0.049). Low grip strength was strongly associated with an increased risk of early readmission (aOR: 13.08; P = 0.008).

Conclusions:
We found that not all components of frailty contribute equally to predicting outcomes. Objective measurements of slow walk time, unintentional weight loss, and low grip strength were found to be associated with less optimal outcomes in pancreas transplant recipients. Targeted interventions may improve posttransplant outcomes.
Self-assembly vascularized human cardiac organoids model cardiac diseases in petri dishes and in mice
Authors: Zhong Qixing , He Yao , Teng Li , Zhang Yinqian , Zhang Ting , Zhang Yinbing , Li Qinxi , Zhao Bangcheng , Chen Daojun , Zhong Zhihui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we generated self-assembly cardiac organoids (COs) from human pluripotent stem cells by dual-phase modulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, utilizing CHIR99021 and IWR-1-endo. The resulting COs exhibited a diverse array of cardiac-specific cell lineages, cardiac cavity-like structures and demonstrated the capacity of spontaneous beating and vascularizationin vitro. We further employed these complex and functional COs to replicate conditions akin to human myocardial infarction and SARS-CoV-2 induced fibrosis. These models accurately captured the pathological characteristics of these diseases, in bothin vitroandin vivosettings. In addition, we transplanted the COs into NOD SCID mice and observed that they survived and exhibited ongoing expansionin vivo.Impressively, over a span of 75-day transplantation, these COs not only established blood vessel-like structures but also integrated with the host mice’s vascular system. It is noteworthy that these COs developed to a size of approximately 8 mm in diameter, slightly surpassing the dimensions of the mouse heart. This innovative research highlighted the potential of our COs as a promising avenue for cardiovascular research and therapeutic exploration.
Local organization of spatial and shape information in the primate prefrontal cortex
Authors: Sun Yunyi , Dang Wenhao , Jaffe Rye G. , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe current understanding of sensory and motor cortical areas has been defined by the existence of topographical maps across the brain surface, however, higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, seem to lack an equivalent organization, and only limited evidence of functional clustering of neurons with similar stimulus properties is evident in them. We thus sought to examine whether neurons that represent similar spatial and object information are clustered in the monkey prefrontal cortex and whether such an organization only emerges as a result of training. To this end, we analyzed neurophysiological recordings from male macaque monkeys before and after training in spatial and shape working memory tasks. Neurons with similar spatial or shape selectivity were more likely than chance to be encountered at short distances from each other. Some aspects of organization were present even in naïve animals, however other changes appeared after cognitive training. Our results reveal that prefrontal microstructure automatically supports orderly representations of spatial and object information.
The ubiquitin ligase UBR-1 regulates the synaptic strength between the GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling
Authors: Li Yi , Chitturi Jyothsna , Yu Bin , Zhang Yongning , Wu Jing , Ti Panpan , Hung Wesley , Zhen Mei , Gao Shangbang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExcitation/Inhibition (E/I) balance is carefully maintained by the nervous system. Neurotransmitter GABA has been reported to be co-released with its sole precursor, another neurotransmitter glutamate. The genetic and circuitry mechanisms to establish the balance between GABAergic and Glutamatergic signaling have not fully elucidated.C. elegansDVB is a classically defined excitatory GABAergic motoneuron that drives the expulsion step in defecation motor program. We show that in addition to UNC-47, the vesicular GABA transporter, DVB also expresses EAT-4, a vesicular glutamate transporter. UBR-1, a conserved ubiquitin ligase, regulates the DVB activity by suppressing a bidirectional inhibitory glutamate signaling. Loss of UBR-1 impairs the DVB Ca2+activity and the expulsion frequency. These impairments are fully compensated by the knock-down of EAT-4 in DVB. Further, glutamate-gated chloride channels GLC-3 and GLC-2/4 receive DVB’s glutamate signals to inhibit DVB and enteric muscle, respectively. These results implicate an intrinsic cellular mechanism that promotes the inherent asymmetric neural activity. We propose that the elevated glutamate inubr-1being the cause of the E/I shift, potentially contributes to the Johanson Blizzard Syndrome.
Sensitization with an allogeneic MHC class I molecule induces anti-tumor immunity in the absence of PD-1 in mice
Authors: Paramitasari Komang Alit , Ishida Yasumasa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) overexpression to augment immune sensitivity against tumors, we have generated the murine colorectal carcinoma cell line MC38 (with the endogenous H-2bhaplotype) overexpressing the allogeneic mouse MHC-I cell surface molecule H-2Kd(MC38 H-2Kd). The tumorigenicity of unmodified parental cells (MC38 PT) and MC38 H-2Kdwas testedin vivoby subcutaneous injection into the flank of wild-type (WT) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) knockout (KO) mice in a C57BL/6 (H-2b) genetic background. MC38 PT cells readily formed tumors and grew progressively in both WT and PD-1 KO mice. The speed of MC38 PT tumor growth was slower in PD-1 KO mice than in WT mice. In contrast, MC38 H-2Kdcells showed full sensitivity to rejection by the immune system in both naïve WT and PD-1 KO mice, indicated by spontaneous tumor regression. Next, we sought to determine the extent to which H-2Kd-overexpressing tumors could protect the mice against unmodified cancers. PD-1 KO mice were first sensitized with highly immunogenic MC38 H-2Kdcells and then challenged with weakly immunogenic MC38 PT cells. Intriguingly, all PD-1 KO mice gained immunity against the aggressive MC38 tumor and became tumor-free. Sensitizing PD-1 KO mice with growth-arrested (by the pre-treatment with mitomycin C, MMC) and the debris of MC38 H-2Kdtumors also provided full protection against the growth of secondary MC38 PT tumors. Most notably, sensitization with the debris of MC38 H-2Kdcells provided the long-term immunological memory against MC38 PT carcinoma cells. This finding implies that MC38 H-2Kdcells retain highly efficient and durable immunogenicity.
Environmental surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 for outbreak detection in hospital: A single centre prospective study
Authors: Ray Prachi , Lim Bryant , Zorcic Katarina , Johnstone Jennie , Hinz Aaron , Hicks Alexandra M.A. , Wong Alex , MacFadden Derek R. , Nott Caroline , Castellani Lucas , Kassen Rees , Fralick Michael 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIdentifying COVID-19 outbreaks in hospitals at an early stage requires active surveillance. Our objective was to assess whether floor swabs correlated with COVID-19 outbreak status in hospital. We swabbed the floors of an inpatient ward at Mount Sinai Hospital for 32 weeks, from October 31, 2022 to June 15, 2023 and RT-qPCR analysis provided a quantification cycle of detection for each positive swab. 182 swabs were processed for SARS CoV-2, of which 98.4% were positive. Two COVID-19 outbreaks were declared during the study period. The median viral copy number was 210 (IQR, 49 to 1018) during non-outbreak periods and 653 (IQR, 300 to 1754) during outbreak periods. Analyzing the number of viral copies of SARS-CoV-2, instead of percentage positivity, gave a clearer view of changes in outbreak status over time, thereby illustrating the benefits of this approach to monitor pathogen load in hospital settings.
kMermaid: Ultrafast functional classification of microbial reads
Authors: Lucas Anastasia , Schäffer Daniel E. , Wickramasinghe Jayamanna , Auslander Noam 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTShotgun metagenomic sequencing can determine both taxonomic and functional content of microbiomes. However, current functional classification methods for metagenomic reads require substantial computational resources and yield ambiguous classifications, limiting downstream quantitative analyses. Existingk-mer based methods to classify microbial sequences into species-level groups have immensely improved taxonomic classification, but this concept has not been extended to functional classification. Here we introducekMermaid, for classifying metagenomic reads into functional clusters of proteins. Using proteink-mers,kMermaid allows for highly accurate and ultrafast functional classification, with a fixed memory usage, and can easily be employed on a typical computer.
Leveraging gamification to enhance productivity and employee engagement in the Nigerian construction industry
Authors: Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel , Aliu John , Mwanaumo Erastus Misheng'u M. , Abayomi Timilehin , Kahanji Charles 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis article aims to investigate the various applications of gamification practices in the construction industry, with a focus on improving safety and quality, project management, innovation and productivity and workforce development.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify several construction areas where gamification can be employed, which helped in formulating a questionnaire survey. The survey was disseminated to construction professionals in the Nigerian construction industry using a convenience sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using a variety of statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies, mean item scores and exploratory factor analyses. Additionally, cluster analysis was performed to obtain a more comprehensive analysis of these application areas.FindingsFour key clusters of gamification areas of application in the Nigerian construction industry were identified – safety and quality, project management, innovation and efficiency and workforce development. By integrating game elements into these critical areas, construction organizations in Nigeria can enhance worker engagement, increase productivity and improve safety, ultimately leading to better project outcomes.Practical implicationsThe identification and evaluation of the gamification areas of application in the construction industry would help construction organizations and stakeholders make informed decisions regarding the integration of game elements into critical areas such as safety and quality, project management, innovation and efficiency and workforce development.Originality/valueThe study provides valuable information for construction organizations and stakeholders looking to enhance worker engagement, increase productivity and improve safety in their projects through gamification. It also adds to the growing body of research on the use of gamification in various industries and provides a foundation for further studies in this area.