bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in mortality outcomes of hospital-admitted injury in Victoria, Australia 2001–2021
Authors: Berecki-Gisolf Janneke , Fernando Tharanga , D’Elia Angelo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to advancements in trauma treatment methods, it is expected that survivability of hospital-admitted injuries gradually improves over time. However, measurement of trends in all-cause injury survivability is complicated by changes in case mix, demographics and hospital admission policy. The aim of this study is to determine trends in hospital-admitted injury survivability in Victoria, Australia, taking case-mix and patient demographics into account, and to explore the potential impact of changes in hospital admission practices. Injury admission records (ICD-10-AM codes S00-T75 and T79) between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2021 were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset. ICD-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) calculated from Survival Risk Ratios for Victoria was used as an injury severity measure. Death-in-hospital was modelled as a function of financial year, adjusting for age group, sex and ICISS, as well as admission type and length of stay. There were 19,064 in-hospital deaths recorded in 2,362,991 injury-related hospital admissions in 2001/02–2020/21. Rates of in-hospital death decreased from 1.00% (866/86,998) in 2001/02 to 0.72% (1115/154,009) in 2020/21. ICISS was a good predictor of in-hospital death with an area-under-the-curve of 0.91. In-hospital death was associated with financial year (Odds Ratio 0.950 [95%CI 0.947, 0.952]), in logistic regression modelling adjusted for ICISS, age and sex. In stratified modelling, decreasing injury death trends were observed in each of the top 10 injury diagnoses (together constituting > 50% of cases). Admission type and length of stay were added to the model: these did not alter the effect of year on in-hospital death. In conclusion, a 28% reduction in rates of in-hospital deaths in Victoria was observed over the 20-year study period, in spite of aging of the injured population. This amounts to 1222 additional lives saved in 2020/21 alone. Survival Risk Ratios therefore change markedly over time. A better understanding of the drivers of positive change will help to further reduce the injury burden in Victoria.
Neurophysiological markers of emotion regulation predict efficacy of entrepreneurship education
Authors: Egana-delSol Pablo , Sun Xiaoxiao , Sajda Paul 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent evidence shows that programs targeting the socio-emotional dimensions of entrepreneurship—e.g., resilience, personal initiative, and empathy—are more highly correlated with success along with key business metrics, such as sales and survival, than programs with a narrow, technical bent—e.g., accounting and finance. We argue that programs designed to foster socio-emotional skills are effective in improving entrepreneurship outcomes because they improve the students’ ability to regulate their emotions. They enhance the individuals’ disposition to make more measured, rational decisions. We test this hypothesis studying a randomized controlled trial (RCT, RCT ID: AEARCTR-0000916) of an entrepreneurship program in Chile. We combine administrative data, surveys, and neuro-psychological data from lab-in-the-field measurements. A key methodological contribution of this study is the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to quantify the impact of emotional responses. We find that the program has a positive and significant impact on educational outcomes and, in line with the findings of other studies in the literature, we find no impact on self-reported measures of socio-emotional skills (e.g., grit and locus of control) and creativity. Our novel insight comes from the finding that the program has a significant impact on neurophysiological markers, decreasing arousal (a proxy of alertness), valence (a proxy for withdrawal from or approachability to an event or stimuli), and neuro-psychological changes to negative stimuli.
Association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Mahittikorn Aongart , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Kotepui Manas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReports of an association between ovalocytosis and protection against Plasmodium infection are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to synthesise the overall evidence of the association between ovalocytosis and malaria infection using a meta-analysis approach. The systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023393778). A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, and ProQuest databases, from inception to 30 December 2022, was performed to retrieve studies documenting the association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis included a narrative synthesis and a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled effect estimate (log odds ratios [ORs]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the random-effects model. Our database search retrieved 905 articles, 16 of which were included for data synthesis. Qualitative synthesis revealed that over half of the studies showed no association between ovalocytosis and malaria infections or severity. Furthermore, our meta-analysis demonstrated no association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection (P = 0.81, log OR = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.44 to 0.19, I2: 86.20%; 11 studies). In conclusion, the meta-analysis results demonstrated no association between ovalocytosis and Plasmodium infection. Hence, the role of ovalocytosis in relation to protection against Plasmodium infection or disease severity should be further investigated in larger prospective studies.
Using network analysis to explore the validity and influential items of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39
Authors: Schönenberg Aline , Santos García Diego , Mir Pablo , Wu Jian-Jun , Heimrich Konstantin G. , Mühlhammer Hannah M. , Prell Tino 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuality of life (QoL) in people with Parkinson´s disease (PD) is commonly measured with the PD questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39), but its factor structure and construct validity have been questioned. To develop effective interventions to improve QoL, it is crucial to understand the connection between different PDQ-39 items and to assess the validity of PDQ-39 subscales. With a new approach based on network analysis using the extended Bayesian Information Criterion Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (EBICglasso) followed by factor analysis, we mostly replicated the original PDQ-39 subscales in two samples of PD patients (total N = 977). However, model fit was better when the “ignored” item was categorized into thesocial supportinstead of thecommunicationsubscale. In both study cohorts, “depressive mood”, “feeling isolated”, “feeling embarrassed”, and “having trouble getting around in public/needing company when going out” were identified as highly connected variables. This network approach can help to illustrate the relationship between different symptoms and direct interventional approaches in a more effective manner.
Degeneracy in epilepsy: multiple routes to hyperexcitable brain circuits and their repair
Authors: Stöber Tristan Manfred , Batulin Danylo , Triesch Jochen , Narayanan Rishikesh , Jedlicka Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to its complex and multifaceted nature, developing effective treatments for epilepsy is still a major challenge. To deal with this complexity we introduce the concept of degeneracy to the field of epilepsy research: the ability of disparate elements to cause an analogous function or malfunction. Here, we review examples of epilepsy-related degeneracy at multiple levels of brain organisation, ranging from the cellular to the network and systems level. Based on these insights, we outline new multiscale and population modelling approaches to disentangle the complex web of interactions underlying epilepsy and to design personalised multitarget therapies.
The structure and evolutionary diversity of the fungal E3-binding protein
Authors: Forsberg Bjoern O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a central metabolic enzyme in all living cells composed majorly of E1, E2, and E3. Tight coupling of their reactions makes each component essential, so that any loss impacts oxidative metabolism pathologically. E3 retention is mediated by the E3-binding protein (E3BP), which is here resolved within the PDC core from N.crassa, resolved to 3.2Å. Fungal and mammalian E3BP are shown to be orthologs, arguing E3BP as a broadly eukaryotic gene. Fungal E3BP architectures predicted from sequence data and computational models further bridge the evolutionary distance between N.crassa and humans, and suggest discriminants for E3-specificity. This is confirmed by similarities in their respective E3-binding domains, where an interaction previously not described is also predicted. This provides evolutionary parallels for a crucial interaction human metabolism, an interaction specific to fungi that can be targeted, and an example of protein evolution following gene neofunctionalization.
High efficiency preparation of monodisperse plasma membrane derived extracellular vesicles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Alter Claudio L. , Detampel Pascal , Schefer Roman B. , Lotter Claudia , Hauswirth Patrick , Puligilla Ramya D. , Weibel Vera J. , Schenk Susanne H. , Heusermann Wolf , Schürz Melanie , Meisner-Kober Nicole , Palivan Cornelia , Einfalt Tomaž , Huwyler Jörg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly interesting for the design of next-generation therapeutics. However, their preparation methods face challenges in standardization, yield, and reproducibility. Here, we describe a highly efficient and reproducible EV preparation method for monodisperse nano plasma membrane vesicles (nPMVs), which yields 10 to 100 times more particles per cell and hour than conventional EV preparation methods. nPMVs are produced by homogenizing giant plasma membrane vesicles following cell membrane blebbing and apoptotic body secretion induced by chemical stressors. nPMVs showed no significant differences compared to native EVs from the same cell line in cryo-TEM analysis, in vitro cellular interactions, and in vivo biodistribution studies in zebrafish larvae. Proteomics and lipidomics, on the other hand, suggested substantial differences consistent with the divergent origin of these two EV types and indicated that nPMVs primarily derive from apoptotic extracellular vesicles. nPMVs may provide an attractive source for developing EV-based pharmaceutical therapeutics.
Microresonator-based electro-optic dual frequency comb
Authors: Lambert Nicholas J. , Trainor Luke S. , Schwefel Harald G. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroresonator based dual frequency combs offer an integrated photonic solution to a wide range of technological challenges, including spectroscopy, range finding, material characterization and hyperspectral imaging. These applications require a high level of mutual coherence between combs, but achieving such stability can be demanding. Here we experimentally demonstrate that comb generation exploiting the rich structure of the nonlinear electro-optic tensor in lithium niobate can generate ultra-stable dual combs, with the two combs naturally having orthogonal polarizations. We theoretically explore the application of our technique to dual frequency comb generation from the far infrared (IR) to the ultraviolet (UV). Our combs have relative linewidths as low as ~400 μHz, and require no stabilization or post-processing methods.
Competing incommensurate spin fluctuations and magnetic excitations in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors
Authors: Lane Christopher , Zhang Ruiqi , Barbiellini Bernardo , Markiewicz Robert S. , Bansil Arun , Sun Jianwei , Zhu Jian-Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe recently discovered infinite-layer nickelates show great promise in helping to disentangle the various cooperative mechanisms responsible for high-temperature superconductivity. However, lack of antiferromagnetic order in the pristine nickelates presents a challenge for connecting the physics of the cuprates and nickelates. Here, by using a quantum many-body Green’s function-based approach to treat the electronic and magnetic structures, we unveil the presence of many two- and three-dimensional magnetic stripe instabilities that are shown to persist across the phase diagram of LaNiO2. Our analysis indicates that the magnetic properties of the infinite-layer nickelates are closer to those of the doped cuprates, which host a stripe ground state, rather than the undoped cuprates. The computed longitudinal-spin, transverse-spin, and charge spectra of LaNiO2 are found to contain an admixture of contributions from localized and itinerant carriers. Theoretically obtained dispersion of magnetic excitations (spin-flip) is found to be in good accord with the results of recent resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments. Our study gives insight into the origin of strong magnetic competition in the infinite-layer nickelates and their relationship with the cuprates.
Dispersal changes soil bacterial interactions with fungal wood decomposition
Authors: Wang Cong , Smith Gabriel Reuben , Gao Cheng , Peay Kabir G 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough microbes are the major agent of wood decomposition - a key component of the carbon cycle - the degree to which microbial community dynamics affect this process is unclear. One key knowledge gap is the extent to which stochastic variation in community assembly, e.g. due to historical contingency, can substantively affect decomposition rates. To close this knowledge gap, we manipulated the pool of microbes dispersing into laboratory microcosms using rainwater sampled across a transition zone between two vegetation types with distinct microbial communities. Because the laboratory microcosms were initially identical this allowed us to isolate the effect of changing microbial dispersal directly on community structure, biogeochemical cycles and wood decomposition. Dispersal significantly affected soil fungal and bacterial community composition and diversity, resulting in distinct patterns of soil nitrogen reduction and wood mass loss. Correlation analysis showed that the relationship among soil fungal and bacterial community, soil nitrogen reduction and wood mass loss were tightly connected. These results give empirical support to the notion that dispersal can structure the soil microbial community and through it ecosystem functions. Future biogeochemical models including the links between soil microbial community and wood decomposition may improve their precision in predicting wood decomposition.
An encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution for weakly supervised instance segmentation
Authors: Zhu Liangjun , Peng Li , Ding Shuchen , Liu Zhongren 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the systems of industrial robotics and autonomous vehicles, instance segmentation is widely employed. However, manually labelling an object outline is time‐consuming. In order to reduce annotation costs, we present a weakly supervised instance segmentation method in this article. A deeply convolutional network is first used to construct multi‐scale feature maps for each object in the input image. After that, the encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution is utilised to enhance model capacity and efficiency, while avoiding the issues of anchor design, proposal selection, and RoIAlign implementation. In particular, Dynamic Heads are used in the encoder to create dynamic convolution kernels, while Instance Heads are used in the decoder to provide the global feature map. With dynamic convolution, each instance can be segmented independently, reducing interference with other instances and improving segmentation accuracy. Under the supervision of projection loss and pixel point colour pairing loss, the contours of each object are finally outlined. On the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets, the proposed method is competitive with more sophisticated approaches. In the VOC dataset, segmentation performance achieved 37.6% average precision with ResNet‐101 and FPN networks. The extensively visualised results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed encoder‐decoder framework with dynamic convolution.
Palliativmedizinische und ethische Herausforderungen in der Gerontopsychiatrie
Authors: Seethaler Magdalena , Jalilzadeh Masah Dario , Just Sandra , Spitta Gianna , Stötzner Philip , Brandl Eva Janina 
Published: May 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Begleitung von Patienten am Lebensende ist eine klinische und ethische Herausforderung in der Gerontopsychiatrie, z. B. bei Gefährdungsaspekten oder der Ermittlung des Patientenwillens bzgl. medizinischer Entscheidungen. Eine möglicherweise inadäquate somatische Versorgung der Betroffenen sowie eine Überlastung der Mitarbeitenden können insbesondere bei fehlender Möglichkeit zur Verlegung in die somatische und palliativmedizinische Weiterbehandlung auftreten. Anhand von 5 Kasuistiken aus dem stationären Klinikalltag werden Ansätze für eine verbesserte Versorgung am Lebensende erörtert. Problemfelder in der Behandlung am Lebensende treten z. B. bei gleichzeitig bestehenden psychiatrischen und somatischen Komorbiditäten und unzureichenden strukturellen/personellen Ressourcen auf. Der Komplexität solcher Fälle kann durch interdisziplinäre und multiprofessionelle Versorgungsstrukturen im gerontopsychiatrischen Setting begegnet werden. Langfristig kann durch die Einbeziehung psychosozialer und ethischer Aspekte in die klinischen Standards die Begleitung gerontopsychiatrischer Patienten im Sterbeprozess optimiert werden.
Salient Achievements in Synthetic Organic Chemistry Enabled by Mechanochemical Activation
Authors: Juaristi Eusebio , Avila-Ortiz C. Gabriela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough known for millennia, it is only recently that mechanochemistry has received serious attention by chemists. Indeed, during the past 15 years an extraordinary number of reports concerning solid-state chemical transformations through grinding and milling techniques have been recorded. This short review discusses the circumstances that led this renaissance, highlighting the present intense interest in so-called green chemistry, the enabling capacity of mechanochemistry to handle insoluble substrates, and the identification of the profound influence that additives can have on mechanochemically activated reactions. The core of this account focuses on salient developments in synthetic organic chemistry, especially in amino acid and peptide­ mechanosynthesis, the successful employment of mechanochemical activation in combination with asymmetric organocatalysis, the promising combination of mechanochemical activation with enzymatic and whole cell biocatalysis, the remarkable achievement of multicomponent selective reactions via complex, multistep reaction pathways, and the mechanosynthesis of representative heterocycles. The final section comments on some pending tasks in the area, such as scaling-up of milling processes to be of practical use in the chemical industry, the requirement of easier and more efficient control of reaction parameters and monitoring devices, and consequently the careful analysis of additional procedures for a proper understanding of mechanochemical phenomena.1	Introduction2	Brief History of Mechanochemistry3	Milling Equipment and Reaction Parameters4	Attributes of Mechanochemistry That Propelled Its Present Renaissance4.1	Enormous Attention Being Presently Paid to Sustainable Chemistry4.2	Reduced Energy Consumption4.3	Additive-Based Mechanochemistry4.4	Handling of Insoluble Reactants4.5	‘Impossible’ Reactions That Are Successful by Milling4.6	Successful Handling of Air- and Water-Sensitive Reagents by Ball Milling5	Salient Developments in the Mechanochemical Activation of Synthetic Organic Chemistry5.1	Amino Acid and Peptide Mechanosynthesis5.2	Asymmetric Organic Synthesis and Asymmetric Organocatalysis under Ball-Milling Conditions5.3	Mechanoenzymology5.4	Multicomponent Reactions Activated by Mechanochemistry5.5	Mechanosynthesis of Heterocycles and Modification of Heterocycles6	Future Directions6.1	Scaling-Up Mechanochemical Protocols6.2	Temperature-Controlled Mechanochemistry6.3	Understanding Mechanochemical Transformations6.4	Emerging Mechanochemical Techniques7	Conclusions
Settings of a novel electrosurgical generator to enable efficient and safe submucosal endoscopic procedures
Authors: Jawaid Salmaan , Keihanian Tara , Khalaf Mai , Riojas-Barrett Margarita , Abdeljaber Wesam , Mercado Michael , Zabad Noor , Othman Mohamed O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and study aims A novel electrosurgical generator unit (ESU), ConMed Beamer, was recently introduced to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) by employing Automatic Cutting Effect (ACE) technology. Its use in submucosal endoscopy has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing ESD and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) using novel settings generated with ConMed Beamer ESU.
Patients and methods This was a single-center prospective study of 59 consecutive patients undergoing ESD/POEM at a tertiary referral center. ESU settings were initially generated by testing in live animal models prior to first in-human study. The primary outcome was technical success. Secondary outcomes were procedure times, rate of en bloc/R0 resection, and rate of adverse events (AEs).
Results A total of 44 patients (50 polyps) and 15 patients
underwent ESD and POEM, respectively. En bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative resection
rates were 90%, 77.1%, and 70.8%, respectively. Mean maximal length of the lesion was 3.07 cm
± 1.43 with an average dissection speed of 14.2 cm2/hr ± 11.1. Technical success
was achieved in 100% of POEM patients. Mean time (minutes) to complete the POEM procedure was
50.1 min ± 12.4. Two major AEs occurred among all patients (3.4%). All intraprocedural
bleeding events were controlled using the ConMed Beamer ESU.
Conclusions ConMed Beamer ESU settings generated from this study were proven safe and effective in a prospective cohort of patients who underwent submucosal endoscopic procedures. This novel ESU can be added to the armamentarium of ESD capable generators.