bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of sucrose concentration on growth and induction of somatic embryogenesis in Catharanthus roseus callus
Authors: HERWINALDO DAVID CAHYO , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mohammed NMI, Said AGE. 2018. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds germination. Cell Biol Dev 2: 63-68. This study aimed to examine if pre-germination treatments could effectively promote date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed germination in the Nursery of the Horticultural Sector, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Khartoum, Sudan. Seeds were soaked in water for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days before being planted in one of the following media: sand:clay (1:1), sand:clay (1:2), sand:clay (1:0), sand:clay (0:1), and sand:clay (2:1). The factorial completely randomized block design was employed in this investigation. The 6-day soaking time resulted in the highest percentage of seeds germinating; as the soaking time increased, the percentage of seeds germinating decreased. The 6-day soaking time also improved seed germination, allowing for a 50 % final germination percentage in the shortest time. Sowing seeds in a 2:1 soil mix decreased germination days, resulting in a substantial increase in germination percentage compared to other soil type mixes evaluated, regardless of soaking duration. In addition, seeds soaked for 6 days and planted in a 2:1 soil mix produced the tallest seedlings.
High-precision FoM measurement setup for Ti:sapphire crystals
Authors: Miller Vojtěch , Žídek Karel 
Published: January 2023

The figure of merit (FoM) of Ti:sapphire (Ti:Sa) crystals is a generally used means to evaluate the quality of the crystals. Despite the importance of Ti:Sa, the question of FoM measurement precision stayed out of focus, while the commercially available spectrometers provide unsatisfactory

3

σ

precision reaching

±
60
%

. In this paper, we present a setup for a single-pass high-precision transmission measurement for three different wavelengths (532, 780, and 1560 nm) based on Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers. A synchronous detection via a double integrated sphere enabled us to achieve the transmission uncertainty of 0,01–0,03%. With the presented setup, we show that it is possible to determine the FoM values with

3
σ

precision of

±
7

,

5

%

. Owing to the high FoM precision, we were able to trace spatial inhomogeneities of an unannealed Ti:Sa crystal produced by a commercial manufacturer Crytur. Our measurements demonstrate that the FoM values can be significantly affected by the crystal inhomogeneities and angular mismatch between the

c

axis of the Ti:Sa and polarization orientation.
Compact, ultrabroadband and temperature-insensitive arbitrary ratio power splitter based on adiabatic rib waveguides
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhao Yingxuan , Huang Haiyang , Li Yang , She Xiaojuan , Liao Han , Zhu Junbo , Zhu Zijian , Huang Rui , Liu Hongbao , Sheng Zhen , Gan Fuwan 
Published: January 2023

We propose a compact, ultrabroadband and temperature-insensitive adiabatic directional coupler based on rib silicon waveguide-enabling arbitrary splitting ratios. Simulation results show that the device can achieve arbitrary splitting ratios from 1400 to 1600 nm, equal to 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 70%:30%, 80%:20%, and 90%:10% for the fundamental transverse electric mode. The designed device has an excess loss of less than 0.19 dB on the operational waveband. Furthermore, the proposed device shows a great robustness to fabrication imperfection, with a waveguide width deviation of 50 nm and ambient temperature change from 0°C to 200°C. These properties make the design a potential candidate for ultrahigh-density photonic integration chips.
Modeling of ringdown cavity maladjustment based on the extreme learning machine
Authors: He Xing , Tian Zhongzhou , Lin Haiqi , Wang Shuai , Yang Ping 
Published: January 2023

In the cavity ringdown technique, cavity maladjustment may affect the accuracy of measurement. The effect of maladjustment is complex and nonlinear. Therefore, a neural network method of an extreme learning machine is presented to model the nonlinear relation between the intracavity loss and the cavity maladjustments. This method was tested by two-dimensional angular scanning simulations and experiments. After dataset training, this method finely predicted the intracavity loss at certain maladjustments. The root mean square values of the prediction deviation were about 0.27 ppm in simulation and about 0.44 ppm in experiment. This method was further applied to a cavity ringdown system for high reflectivity measurement. The measurement uncertainty was improved from ±0.0025% to±0.0019%.
Architecture and key digital signal processing techniques of a next-generation passive optical network [Invited]
Authors: Li Fan , Yin Mingzhu , Luo Zhibin , Wang Xiaowu , Rong Limin , Li Zhaohui 
Published: January 2023

A passive optical network (PON) with low cost and high capacity has been explored and recommended for supporting the emerged commercial mobile fronthaul, resident, and industry services. To meet the requirement in the future, the development of the PON, including cost, data rate, and latency, is still being driven by utilizing an improved PON architecture, transmitter, and receiver. In this paper, we review the results of our recent work that focused on the promising solution for the next-generation passive optical network, which mainly includes three aspects: (1) a new uplink PON architecture with a laser sharing technique based on filter bank multicarrier is investigated to provide high spectrum efficiency uplink access for multiple asynchronous users; (2) a transmitter with a low-resolution digital-to-analog converter is explored for the uplink of the PON with advanced modulation formats, and a low computational complexity noise shaping technique is utilized to eliminate the quantization noise; and (3) for the receiver, a sub-Nyquist sampling reception technique based on optical arccos function shaping is investigated, which enables optical network units to receive high-rata aggregated data with a low-speed analog-to-digital converter.
Dynamically switchable multifunctional terahertz absorber based on graphene and vanadium dioxide hybrid metamaterials
Authors: Wen Yujiao , Qi Yunping , Wang Li , Zhou Zihao , Chen Haowen , Zhao Shiyu , Wang Xiangxian 
Published: January 2023

A multifunctional terahertz absorber based on a hybrid configuration of vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

)

and graphene is proposed, which is enabled to dynamically switch between ultrabroadband and double-narrowband absorption characteristics using the phase-shifting property of

V
O

2

. When

V
O

2

is in the metallic phase and the Fermi energy level of graphene is 0.01 eV, ultrabroadband absorption from 3.04 THz to 8.78 THz can be achieved. The absorption can be continuously adjusted from 0.7% to 99.9% by changing the conductivity of the

V
O

2

through temperature. When

V
O

2

is in the insulating phase and Fermi energy level of graphene is 0.4 eV, the proposed absorber exhibits a double-narrowband absorption characteristic, achieving 99.8% and 97.3% absorption at 1.79 THz and 4.62 THz, respectively. Since graphene is an electronically controlled material, it is able to dynamically modulate the resonant frequency and absorption intensity by changing the Fermi energy level of graphene. In addition, the physical mechanism of the multifunctional absorber is revealed using electric field distribution and the impedance-matching theory. The proposed absorber has potential applications in optical switching, image processing, and stealth technology.
Adaptive optics LEO uplink pre-compensation with finite spatial modes
Authors: Walsh Shane , Schediwy Sascha 
Published: January 2023

Adaptive optics pre-compensation of free-space optical communications uplink from ground to space is complicated by the “point ahead angle” due to spacecraft velocity and the finite speed of light, as well as anisoplanatism of the uplink beam and the wavefront beacon. This Letter explores how pre-compensation varies with the number of spatial modes applied and how it varies with a beacon at the point-ahead angle versus a downlink beacon. Using a w0 = 16 cm Gaussian beam propagating through a modified Hufnagel–Valley model as an example, we find pre-compensation performance plateaus beyond ∼100 applied modes regardless of integrated turbulence strength, and that a point ahead beacon provides a 1–4 dB gain in median received power and an order-of-magnitude reduction in scintillation over a downlink beacon at wavelengths typical of optical communications. Modeling tailored to specific scenarios should be conducted to determine whether implementing a resource-intensive point ahead beacon is the optimum path to meeting link requirements.
The association between low-level viraemia and subsequent viral non-suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
Authors: Nanyeenya Nicholus , Chang Larry William , Kiwanuka Noah , Nasuuna Esther , Nakanjako Damalie , Nakigozi Gertrude , Kibira Simon P. S. , Nabadda Susan , Kiyaga Charles , Makumbi Fredrick 
Published: January 2023

Background
Uganda’s efforts to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 are threatened by the increasing number of PLHIV with low-level viraemia (LLV). We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of LLV and the association between LLV and subsequent viral non-suppression from 2016 to 2020 among PLHIV on ART in Uganda.

Method
This was a retrospective cohort study, using the national viral load (VL) program data from 2016 to 2020. LLV was defined as a VL result of at least 50 copies/ml, but less than 1,000 copies/ml. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with LLV, and cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the association between LLV and viral non-suppression.

Results
A cohort of 17,783 PLHIV, of which 1,466 PLHIV (8.2%) had LLV and 16,317 (91.8%) had a non-detectable VL was retrospectively followed from 2016 to 2020. There were increasing numbers of PLHIV with LLV from 2.0% in 2016 to 8.6% in 2020; and LLV was associated with male sex, second line ART regimen and being of lower age. 32.5% of the PLHIV with LLV (476 out of 1,466 PLHIV) became non-suppressed, as compared to 7.7% of the PLHIV (1,254 out of 16,317 PLHIV) with a non-detectable viral load who became non-suppressed during the follow-up period. PLHIV with LLV had 4.1 times the hazard rate of developing viral non-suppression, as compared to PLHIV with a non-detectable VL (adjusted hazard ratio was 4.1, 95% CI: 3.7 to 4.7, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study indicated that PLHIV with LLV increased from 2.0% in 2016 to 8.6% in 2020, and PLHIV with LLV had 4.1 times the hazard rate of developing viral non-suppression, as compared to PLHIV with a non-detectable VL. Hence the need to review the VL testing algorithm and also manage LLV in Uganda.
Middle ear effusion, ventilation tubes and neurological development in childhood
Authors: Thorsen Jonathan , Pedersen Tine Marie , Mora-Jensen Anna-Rosa Cecilie , Bjarnadóttir Elín , Bager Søren Christensen , Bisgaard Hans , Stokholm Jakob 
Published: January 2023

Background
Otitis media with middle ear effusion (MEE) can be treated with ventilation tubes (VT) insertion, and it has been speculated that prolonged MEE in childhood can affect neurological development, which in turn may be important for later academic achievements.

Objective
To investigate the association between middle ear effusion (MEE), treatment with ventilation tubes (VT) and childhood neurological development.

Study design
We examined 663 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) unselected mother-child cohort study. Children were followed by study pediatricians with regular visits from pregnancy until 3 years of age. MEE was diagnosed using tympanometry at age 1, 2 and 3 years. Information regarding VT from age 0–3 years was obtained from national registries. We assessed age at achievement of gross motor milestones from birth, language scores at 1 and 2 years, cognitive score at 2.5 years and general development score at age 3 years using standardized quantitative tests.

Results
Children with MEE had a lower 1-year word production vs. children with no disease: (median 2, IQR [0–6] vs. 4, IQR [1–7]; p = 0.017), and a lower 1-year word comprehension (median 36; IQR [21–63] vs. 47, IQR [27–84]; p = 0.03). Children with VT had a lower 2-5-year cognitive score vs. children with no disease; estimate -2.34; 95% CI [-4.56;-0.12]; p = 0.039. No differences were found between children with vs. without middle ear disease regarding age at achievement of gross motor milestones, word production at 2 years or the general developmental score at 3 years.

Conclusion
Our study supports the previous findings of an association between MEE and concurrent early language development, but not later neurological endpoints up to the age of 3. As VT can be a treatment of those with symptoms of delayed development, we cannot conclude whether treatment with VT had positive or negative effects on neurodevelopment.
Effect of statins on inflammation and cardiac function in patients with chronic Chagas disease: A protocol for pathophysiological studies in a multicenter, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept phase II trial
Authors: Campos-Estrada Carolina , Urarte Edurne , Denegri Marisol , Villalón Litzi , González-Herrera Fabiola , Kemmerling Ulrike , Maya Juan D. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Cardiac complications, including heart failure and arrhythmias, are the leading causes of disability and death in Chagas disease (CD). CD, caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, afflicts 7 million people in Latin America, and its incidence is increasing in non-endemic countries due to migration. The cardiac involvement is explained by parasite-dependent, immune-mediated myocardial injury, microvascular abnormalities, and ischemia. Current treatment of early CD includes the administration of nifurtimox and benznidazole. However, their efficacy is low in the chronic phase and may induce severe adverse events, forcing therapy to halt. Therefore, finding innovative approaches to treat this life-threatening tropical disease is of utmost importance. Thus, improving the efficacy of the current antichagasic drugs by modifying the inflammatory response would render the current treatment more effective. It has been reported that, in mice, simvastatin decreases cardiac inflammation and endothelial activation, and improves cardiac function, effects that require clinical confirmation.

Objective
The study aims to analyze whether two doses of Atorvastatin, administered after CD treatment is completed, are safe and more efficacious than the antiparasitic drugs alone in reducing general inflammation and improving endothelial and cardiac functions in a proof-of-concept, placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Methods
300 subjects will be recruited from four Chilean hospitals with an active Program for the Control of Chagas Disease. 40 or 80 mg/day of atorvastatin or placebo will be administered after completion of the antichagasic therapy. The patients will be followed up for 12 months. Efficacy will be determined by measuring changes in plasma levels of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, soluble cell adhesion molecules, BNP, and cTnT. Also, the resting 12-lead ECG and a 2D-echocardiogram will be obtained to evaluate cardiac function.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04984616.
Legitimasi Tuan Guru di Tengah Pandemi Virus Corona ditinjau Dari Teori Orientasi, Sikap, dan Perilaku Keagamaan
Authors: Sukardiman  
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is a country that is based on God Almighty, in accordance with article 29 paragraph 1, so religious leader are needed in socializing or preaching about divinity, including the social value of God’s teachings. In Lombok a religious figure is called Tuan Guru which is the title of a Kyai who specialize in the culture of the Sasak people, as well as an effort to increase community participation in national development through religious language. The status of Tuan Guru is obtained because of his expertise in the field of religion, moral integrity, ability to teach, and preach. Tuan Guru is also considered to have blessing, so it’s no wonder the people are willing to flock to get blessings. Tuan Guru not only has legitimacy with his religious language, but also charismatic legitimacy. Tuan Guru is a figure who has charisma, very trusted and a role model for the Sasak people, and has a strong social control function in the mindst of the corona virus pandemic and helps people maintain their values of community solidarity in stopping the spread of the corona virus. Charismatic legitimacy is an important social capital in the midst of a pandemic, so that the religious orientation of the community becomes intrinsic, meaning that it is not selfish, but has an open attitude in acceting fatwas and appeals from the Indonesian Ulama’ council and the government, so that the religious attitudes and behavior orf each individual will be reflects compliance. Without charisma, being able to make the language of religion not reach the community, bot must go hand in hand. Finally, Tuan Guru must explain to the public about the dimensions of religion, not only the ritual, sacred, theological dimensions, but also the profane dimension, namely worldliness that needs to be of common concern, one of which is the problem of the corona virus pandemic which is a human problem.
Keyword: Tuan Guru, Virus Corona, religious orientation, attitudes, and behavior.
MEMAHAMI HADIS TENTANG KEPEMIMPINAN LAKI-LAKI ATAS PEREMPUAN DALAM KONTEKS KE-INDONESIAAN
Authors: Kholis  
Published: January 2023

In general, humans are divided into two natures, that are man and woman. Both are outlined to complement each other but in fact, the relationship between the two often causes polemics when understanding the relationship between superior and inferior systems. This understanding has a basis in the texts of the Qur'an and the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Even with the pretext of the arguments of the Qur'an, women often get legitimacy from men. Al-Quran and Hadith as socio-religious guidelines uphold human values. If we look at the historical context of the text, it can be concluded that the relationship that is built between men and women is not a superior coordinating relationship but a functional and moral cooperative. By using the takhrij-descriptive analysis method, this paper reviews the hadith about male leadership in the household which has been understood as a superior coordinative relationship. In fact, leadership in the household as well as the division of private and public tasks is based on the values ​​of responsibility and cooperative nature, and without any element of coercion in choosing the division of tasks. This is a moral idea to be built from the texts of the Qur'an and hadith. To actualize social life in Indonesia, this article uses Fazlur Rahman's opinion in understanding the leadership text.
Keywords: Leadership, hadith, context, men, women, private, and public.
HAK-HAK KAUM DIFABEL DALAM AL-QUR’AN: Meneladani Kisah Pada QS. ‘Abasa (80)1-10
Authors: Arina Alfiani  , Sulaiman  
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini menjalaskan tentang perlakukan terhadap difabel menurut Al-qur’an. Penyandang difabel dimarjinalisasikan oleh kaum yang sempurna bahkan didiskriminasi. Sehingga penelitian ini akan menjawab permasalahan tentang penyandang difabel dan memposisikannya. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif-diskriptif dengan pendekatan studi Qur’an dan dan hadist. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Artikel ini beberapa pemaparan yang sudah ada dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan tentang hak-hak kaum difabel. Kaum difabel sendiri adalah kaum yang memiliki suatu kekurangan atau keterbatasan baik dalam fisik maupun mental. Kaum difabel tidak jarang memiliki keterbatasan dalam menjalankan kesehariannya karena adanya perbedaan dengan orang lian. Namun kaum difabel tidak seharusnya juga dibatasi dalam menjalankan kegiatan sehari-hari dengan adanya deskriminasi oleh orang lain. Kaum difabel dalam al-Qur’an sama dengan orang normal lainnya dalam mendapatkan hak-hak yang menunjang kehidupan kaum difabel. Mengutamakan atau menghormati kaum difabel dengan mempermudah para kaum difabel ini sangan di utamakan. Setelah melakukan penelitain ini, ada ayat-ayat al-Qur’an membahas mengenai pemberian hak-hak para kaum difebel baik dalam hak kehidupan yang meliputi pendidikan, dan segala jenis kediupan sosial. Dapat dipahami bahwa Al-Qur’an mempunyai perspektif sosiologis dalam melihat realitas sebagaimana yang diabadikannya dalam kalamullah. Hal ini, berupa kelompok yang dianggap lemah tidak selamanya lemah karena keterbatasan diri mereka. Namun, karena kondisi eksternal mereka yang membuat mereka lemah, tidak berkembang dan tidak mempunyai peran apapun pun di lingkungan masyarakat. Karena menyangkut persoalan sosial. maka tanggung jawab terhadap pemenuhan hak-hak difabel menjadi tanggung jawab bersama di semua tingkatan.
Kata kunci: Difabel, Al-Qur’an, QS. Abasa
PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM TAHFIZ DALAM PENINGKATAN MINAT HAFAL QUR’AN DI MI MIFTAHUL ULUM WARINGINSARI BARAT LAMPUNG
Authors: Fahima Rifki Zahara  , Ahmad Shofiyuddin Ichsan  
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan program tahfiz dalam peningkatan minat hafal Qur’an di MI Miftahul Ulum Waringinginsari Barat Lampung, untuk mengetahui hasil pengelolaan program tahfiz dalam peningkatan minat hafal Qur’an di sekolah tersebut, dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat pengelolaan program tahfiz dalam peningkatan minat hafal Qur’an di sekolah tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan mengambil objek kelas 1 – kelas 6. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data diperoleh kemudian dilakukan analisis data dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) pengelolaan program tahfiz dalam peningkatan minat hafal Al Qur’an sudah meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. (2) Hasil adanya pengelolaan program tahfiz dapat memberikan minat yang lebih dan semangat mereka yang sangat tinggi dalam menghafal. (3) Faktor pendukung dalam program tahfiz ini di antaranya kenyamanan atau ketenangan, dukungan dari guru dan antusiasnya dukungan dari wali murid. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya di antaranya faktor kedisiplinan baik guru maupun siswa, keterbatasan pengetahuan dan wawasan, dan siswa malas dalam menghafal.
Kata Kunci : Pengelolaan, Program tahfiz, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Städtebauliche Entwicklungsdynamiken an Fernverkehrsbahnhöfen in Deutschland
Authors: Eichhorn Sebastian , Gerten Christian , Weiß Manuel , Münter Angelika 
Published: January 2023

Changes in the accessibility of a city – for example, due to the connection to the long-distance rail network for the first time – not only affect transport demand but can also have catalytic effects on urban development. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study presented in this paper investigates whether long-distance rail stations in Germany between 2004/2005 and 2016/2017 generate such impulses for urban development in their catchment areas via their accessibility level and dynamics. Results show no direct impulses of accessibility on urban development in many cases, suggesting that other reasons such as population and housing pressure or the existence of inner-city (unused) development sites are the more significant factors for urban development dynamics. In addition, accessibility changes are often subject to business considerations that are generally detached from local political and planning goals and interests.