bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance P and neurokinin 1 receptor boost the pathogenicity of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐producing T helper cells in dry eye disease
Authors: Rong Hua , Yang Hai , Liu Qingqing , Zhang Hui , Wang Shaolin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDry eye disease (DED) is an inflammatory disorder in which CD4+ T cells play a significant role in its pathogenesis. A CD4+ T cell subset termed granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐producing T helper (ThGM) cells would contribute to DED pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which the activity of ThGM cells is modulated are not thoroughly understood. In this research, we characterized the effects of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) and neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) on ThGM cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells in a murine DED model. We found that ThGM cells expressed NK1R and NK2R, whereas Th1 cells predominantly expressed NK1R. Furthermore, substance P and neurokinin A (NKA), the ligands of NK1R and NK2R, were upregulated in post‐DED LNs and conjunctivae. Substance P significantly promoted granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) expression while mildly upregulating the expression of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin 2 (IL‐2) in ThGM cells. By contrast, NKA did not change GM‐CSF expression but significantly increased IFN‐γ expression in ThGM cells. Importantly, the adoptive transfer of NK1R‐expressing ThGM cells significantly exacerbated DED, whereas the transfer of NK1R‐knockdown ThGM cells weakly aggravated DED. NK2R knockdown in ThGM cells did not affect DED progression. In conclusion, this study identifies the substance P‐NK1R axis as a novel mechanism that reinforces the pathogenicity of ThGM cells in DED.
Classifying Impact Loading Using Axial Peak Tibial Acceleration and Impact‐Related Biomechanical Differences During Treadmill Running
Authors: Doyle Eoin W. , Doyle Tim L. A. , Bonacci Jason , Wills Jodie , Campbell Rhiannon , Fuller Joel T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMeasuring lower extremity impact acceleration is a common strategy to identify runners with increased injury risk. However, existing axial peak tibial acceleration (PTA) thresholds for determining high‐impact runners typically rely on small samples or fixed running speeds. This study aimed to describe the distribution of axial PTA among runners at their preferred running speed, determine an appropriate adjustment for investigating impact magnitude at different speeds, and compare biomechanics between runners classified by impact magnitude. A total of 171 runners ran on an instrumented treadmill at their preferred running speed during 3D motion capture. Axial PTA was collected at the distal tibia. The relationship between axial PTA and running speed was investigated using linear regression. Runners were categorized into impact sub‐groups, with high‐ and low‐impact runners identified if their axial PTA was ±1 standard deviation of the model predicted value. Differences in demographics, training, and running biomechanics between impact sub‐groups were compared. Mean axial PTA was 7.8 g across all running speeds. Axial PTA increased with running speed, with a 1.7 g increase for every 1.0 m/s increase. There were no differences in axial PTA between males and females (p = 0.214) and lower limbs (p = 0.312). High‐impact runners had higher vertical loading rates (p < 0.001) and greater ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact (p < 0.001) compared to low‐impact runners. No differences in age, body mass, height, or weekly running distances were observed across impact sub‐groups. This study proposes a method to identify the impact classification of runners based on their axial PTA for screening, monitoring, or gait retraining.
Novel Synonymous HLA‐B*35:01:80 Allele Identified by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Cheranev Valery , Jankevich Tatiana , Makhova Olga , Loginova Maria , Goltsov Andrey 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe new HLA‐B*35:01:80 allele showed one synonymous nucleotide difference compared to the HLA‐B*35:01:01:01 allele in codon 137.
Comparative Effectiveness of Outpatient COVID‐19 Therapies in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Yetmar Zachary A. , Thao Viengneesee , Helfinstine David A. , Pennington Kelly M. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMultiple outpatient therapies have been developed for COVID‐19 in high‐risk individuals, but solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients were not well represented in controlled clinical trials. To date, few comparative studies have evaluated outcomes between outpatient therapies in this population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using de‐identified administrative claims data from OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Patients were included if they were age ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with COVID‐19 between January 2022 and December 2023, and underwent SOT prior to COVID‐19. The primary outcome was 30‐day hospitalization. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to account for potential confounding variables.Results4192 SOT recipients with COVID‐19 were identified. 1403 received an outpatient COVID‐19 therapy, including anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies (N = 748, 53.3%), molnupiravir (N = 327, 23.3%), ritonavir‐boosted nirmatrelvir (N = 217, 15.5%), or remdesivir (N = 141, 10.0%). In weighted analysis compared to no treatment, anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies (hazard ratio [HR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28–0.55; p < 0.001), molnupiravir (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.89; p = 0.013), and nirmatrelvir (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25–0.89; p = 0.020) were associated with reduced hospitalization risk, while remdesivir (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.50–1.98; p = 0.992) was not. Hospitalization rates were similar between the treatment agents, apart from remdesivir showing a higher risk compared to anti‐spike monoclonal antibodies.ConclusionsOutpatient COVID‐19 therapies were largely associated with improved outcomes among SOT recipients. These treatment agents showed similar rates of 30‐day hospitalization, except for remdesivir. The choice of outpatient COVID‐19 therapy in SOT recipients should primarily account for patients’ individual circumstances and drug‐drug interactions rather than differential therapeutic efficacy.
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Dissociation of IgM antibodies from red blood cells using ethylenediamine tetraacetate/glycine acid or chloroquine diphosphate
Authors: Abe Yuko , Matsuura Hideaki , Yamada Ayuna , Nakagawa Rie , Kojima Hayato , Ishihara Yuya , Doi Hiroki , Fujii Sumie , Miura Yasuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEthylenediamine tetraacetate/glycine acid (EGA) and chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) are used in transfusion testing to dissociate IgG antibodies from red blood cells (RBCs). However, the ability of these reagents to dissociate IgM antibodies sensitized to RBCs has not been comprehensively elucidated. We investigated whether EGA and CDP could dissociate cold‐reactive antibodies from RBCs and their effect on RBCs after dissociation treatment.Study Design and MethodsCold‐reactive antibody‐sensitized RBC samples were prepared by mixing group A RBCs and group B plasma and treated with EGA, CDP, and dithiothreitol (DTT). Before and after the dissociation treatment, changes in the agglutination of these RBCs were assessed using the test tube method. Flow cytometric analysis was used to confirm the nature of antibodies bound to RBCs. Additionally, RBC morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. This study utilized off‐label use of EGA and CDP.ResultsFlow cytometric analysis showed that antibodies sensitized to RBCs were mainly IgM antibodies. After antibody dissociation, agglutination disappeared in the EGA‐treated samples to the same degree as in the DTT‐treated samples. However, IgM antibodies remained in the CDP‐treated samples. Regarding RBC morphology, RBC surface appeared coarser in both EGA‐ and CDP‐treated samples, and RBC area was significantly smaller in the CDP‐treated samples than in the EGA‐treated samples.DiscussionEGA could dissociate cold‐reactive antibodies, whereas CDP had a higher residual antibody content. This difference in dissociation ability appears to correlate with the antibody pH of the dissociation reagent. EGA treatment may be useful in cases of sensitization by high‐titer cold‐reactive antibodies.
Rational approximation of holomorphic semigroups revisited
Authors: Batty Charles , Gomilko Alexander , Tomilov Yuri 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing a recently developed ‐calculus we propose a unified approach to the study of rational approximations of holomorphic semigroups on Banach spaces. We provide unified and simple proofs to a number of basic results on semigroup approximations and substantially improve some of them. We show that many of our estimates are essentially optimal, thus complementing the existing literature.
Fracture Analysis of Sharp Notches Under Mode III Loading: A Local Approach
Authors: Yan Xiangqiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, an attempt is made to propose a local approach for fracture analysis of sharp notches under Mode III loading. Under the assumption that the stress concentration factor eigenvalue k* for V-notches under Mode I loading proposed by Yan is valid for V-notches under Mode III loading, in fact, the local approach for fracture analysis of sharp notches under Mode III loading is similar to that under Mode I loading. The experimental verifications by experimental data from the literature show that the attempt is successful. In addition, the experimental verifications show that the empirical equation of determining the fracture toughness proposed by Yan is also suited for Mode III loading. By using the empirical equation, thus, the local approach proposed by Yan and the local approach proposed in this study have a wide of applications for fracture assessment of sharp notches.
Integrated Energy Optimization in Manufacturing Through Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning: Holistic Control of Manufacturing, Microgrid Systems, and Battery Storage
Authors: Waseem Muhammad , Maithripala Mihitha Sarinda , Chang Qing , Lin Zongli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Microgrid technology integrates storage devices, renewable energy sources, and controllable loads and has been widely explored in residential, commercial, and critical facilities. However, its potential in manufacturing remains largely underexplored, where optimal control of microgrids containing energy storage systems (ESS) is crucial. Two primary challenges arise in integrated microgrid-manufacturing systems: fluctuating renewable energy output and nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard demand-side control. Addressing both challenges simultaneously increases complexity. This article proposes an integrated control considering ESS degradation, optimizing control on both the manufacturing demand and microgrid energy supply sides within the production constraints. It formulates the problem in a decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (Dec-POMDP) framework, treating the system as a multiagent environment. The multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm is adapted to optimize control policies. Investigating the trained policies provides insights into their logic, and a rule-based policy is introduced for practical implementation. Experimental validation on a manufacturing system validates the effectiveness of the proposed method and the rule-based policy.
Determining the Parameters of Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman Model for Predicting the Failure of Wrought and Fused Filament Fabricated 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Authors: Porrang Bita , Ghaffar Muhammad Asim , Hosseini Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing is an emerging technology for creating metallic parts, with metal fused filament fabrication (FFF) rapidly gaining popularity due to its cost-effectiveness. Despite the acceptable mechanical properties of additively manufactured metals using FFF, a significant technical challenge is the presence of undesirable porosity, which affects material performance. This study aims to model the material behavior of FFF 17-4 PH stainless steel, considering its porosity, using the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model. The GTN model, which incorporates the micromechanical behavior of ductile metals, shows great potential for failure prediction. The GTN model parameters were identified for both wrought and FFF 17-4 PH stainless steel through a series of proposed methods. Initial void volume fractions were determined using density measurements. The evolution of void volume fractions was experimentally assessed through interrupted uniaxial tensile tests, leading to the analytical derivation of three void nucleation parameters based on continuum damage mechanics. Additional GTN model parameters related to material failure were determined through microscopic analysis of rupture surfaces and finite element (FE) trial-and-error methods. FE simulations using the GTN damage model, represented as porous metal plasticity in abaqus, were conducted to verify the identified parameters. The results demonstrated that the numerical calculations of the FE model are in good agreement with the experimental data. The use of experimentally derived GTN model parameters from the proposed methods effectively predicts material behavior, particularly in the post-necking region where traditional FE modeling fails to simulate the realistic material response.
Adaptive Robot Motion Planning for Smart Manufacturing Based on Digital Twin and Bayesian Optimization-Enhanced Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wu Jin , Li Boyan , Li Sikai , Feng Bohan , Liu Jiangshan , Bi Youyi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Advanced motion planning is crucial for safe and efficient robotic operations in various scenarios of smart manufacturing, such as assembling, packaging, and palletizing. Compared to traditional motion planning methods, Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows better adaptability to complex and dynamic working environments. However, the training of RL models is often time-consuming, and the determination of well-behaved reward function parameters is challenging. To tackle these issues, an adaptive robot motion planning approach is proposed based on digital twin and reinforcement learning. The core idea is to adaptively select geometry-based or RL-based methods for robot motion planning through a real-time distance detection mechanism, which can reduce the complexity of RL model training and accelerate the training process. In addition, Bayesian Optimization is integrated within RL training to refine the reward function parameters. The approach is validated with a Digital Twin-enabled robot system through five kinds of tasks (Pick and Place, Drawer Open, Light Switch, Button Press, and Cube Push) in dynamic environments. Experiment results show that our approach outperforms the traditional RL-based method with improved training speed and guaranteed task performance. This work contributes to the practical deployment of adaptive robot motion planning in smart manufacturing.
Surface Wettability Effects on Droplet Dynamics and Heat Transfer on Heated Stainless-Steel Foils
Authors: Shahdhaar Mohammad Autif , Shukla Sagar , Srivastava Atul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We report the dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of water droplets impacting a thin stainless-steel foil maintained at different temperatures. The hydrophobic characteristics are imparted to the surface through polysiloxane coating, and water droplets impact the uncoated and coated heated surfaces at different velocities. High-speed videography is utilized to capture the dynamics of the droplet upon impact, while the temperature field of the substrate, during the phenomenon, is simultaneously recorded using high-speed infrared thermography. Heat transfer to the droplet over different surfaces is determined through energy balance on the foil using the captured thermographs. The results reveal that the spreading phase duration is independent of droplet impact velocity, irrespective of surface wettability, whereas surface wettability primarily affects the receding phase. The coated hydrophobic surfaces exhibited lower resistance to motion at the three-phase contact line, resulting in reduced spread ratios during the receding phase. It is noted that the majority of heat transfer occurred during the initial spreading and receding phases, driven primarily by forced convection. The maximum heat fluxes were observed along the three-phase contact line, particularly at the onset of the receding phase. The coated surface demonstrated lower overall heat transfer rates compared to non-coated surfaces, with the difference increasing at higher surface temperatures. Additionally, an increase in surface temperature to 75 °C enhanced the hydrophobicity of the coated surface, leading to prolonged receding phases and extended time to reach the sessile state.
Influence of Propagation Velocity and Peak Pressure of the Rotating Pressure Wave on the Flow Characteristics of a Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Xia Yiqing , Wu Yuwen , Weng Chunsheng , Li Qun , Nie Jiayi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Rotating detonation turbine engine represents an innovative advancement in the state-of-art gas turbines. When a rotating detonation combustor is coupled with turbomachinery, the rotating detonation wave propagates upstream toward the compressor, affecting its aerodynamic and overall performance. In the present study, a three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to study the flow characteristics of a centrifugal compressor with the presence of a rotating pressure wave (RPW) at the outlet based on the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier−Stokes method. Effects of RPW propagation velocity and peak pressure are investigated. The results showed that the rotating pressure wave forms a forward propagating wave (FPW) in the compressor, interacting with the diffuser and impeller blades. In the diffuser, the peak pressure of the FPW initially decreases with a slight recovery. It then decreases rapidly in the impeller. Effects of FPW are distinct from those of the unsteady rotor−stator interaction. A decrease in the propagation velocity enhances the strength of FPW passing through the diffuser channel while lowering the peak pressure mitigates the influence of FPW on the compressor flow field. The FPW leads to the decline of the mass flowrate and the rise of the total pressure ratio. While the mass flowrate and efficiency rise with the increase of propagation velocity, the peak pressure decreases. The isentropic efficiency can increase by up to 2.8% under high propagation velocity and low peak pressure conditions.
Influences of Particulate Deposition on Vane Trailing-Edge Film Cooling: Adiabatic and Overall Cooling Effectiveness
Authors: Yang Xing , Hao Zihan , Feng Zhenping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thermal design for the trailing edge of a turbine vane is critically challenging because the thinnest trailing-edge region has a low-thermal capacity, resulting in a much quicker thermal response to the hot gas. Cooling air for this region is usually extracted from the internal cooling passages inside the vane main body and thus the post-cooling air has a relatively weaker cooling potential. The thermal mismatch in the metal can be further exacerbated by the deposition of fine contaminant particulates resulting from the intake air as well as the unburned hydrocarbon fuel. Changes of the surface conditions caused by deposition are able to affect film cooling and to enhance heat transfer substantially. However, the deposition layer has low-thermal conductivity (approximately 0.1 W · m−1 · K−1), which thermally insulates the wall from the hot gas. The presence of deposition thereby further complicates the heat convection and conduction issues in this area. The current study had the uniqueness of evaluating deposition effects on vane trailing-edge film cooling by conducting deposition simulation experiments, where a scaled-up vane model featured cutback slots with a thick lip on the pressure surface. The coupling effects of deposition and the slot discharge coolant were investigated by examining the dynamic evolution of deposition and flow mixing of the coolant with the mainstream flows for various slot discharge ratios. The resulting film cooling performance was further assessed in adiabatic and conjugate heat transfer conditions to document the deposition-induced changes of heat/mass transfer and conduction. The thick slot lip and higher discharge ratios were found to reduce deposition, but simultaneously, to generate stronger flow mixing. Deposition on the pressure-surface degraded adiabatic cooling effectiveness regardless of deposition thickness, with a maximum reduction of 35%, whereas thicker deposition on the cutback surface was favorable to film cooling at the highest discharge ratio. The insulation effects of the deposition layer were not able to erase out the reduction in adiabatic effectiveness and potentially increased heat transfer levels over the rough deposition surface, resulting in lower overall cooling effectiveness. The reduction in overall effectiveness, however, was alleviated by increasing the discharge ratio.
Research on Qualification Requirements for Electrical and Instrumentation Equipment Based on Safety Classification
Authors: Sun Qian , Liu Jiahao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 2014, the IAEA issued new safety classification guidelines for nuclear power plants called Safety Classification of Structures, Systems and Components in Nuclear Power Plants. It is stipulated that items are classified based on their function importance, and after determining the safety class, equipment qualification requirements need to be determined to ensure that items have suitable quality under all expected operating conditions and to ensure the realization of safety functions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safety important items that can perform their necessary expected functions throughout their entire design operating life and under dominant environmental conditions, including maintenance and testing of nuclear power plants. The qualification procedure for important safety items must take into account the aging effects caused by various environmental factors (such as vibration, radiation, humidity, temperature) during the expected lifespan of safety important items. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the qualification requirements for equipment and carry out equipment qualification activities from the perspective of equipment selection. This article investigates the relevant codes and standards such as RCC-E and IEEE as well as different reactor experiences, and analyzes the actual environmental conditions under which electrical and instrumentation equipment performs its functions. This includes determining the environmental and load conditions for device execution, the timing and duration of device execution, and the type of function performed by the device.