bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and mechanism of vonoprazan-containing triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Zhang Zinan , Liu Fen , Ai Feiyan , Chen Xiong , Liu Rui , Zhang Chao , Fang Ning , Fu Tian , Wang Xiaoyan , Tang Anliu 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Vonoprazan (VPZ) produces a strong acid-inhibitory effect, which can potentially eradicate Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori). We aimed to assess whether a 14-day VPZ-containing triple therapy was safe and effective in the Chinese population and the potential mechanism.Methods: Enrolled patients confirmed to be infected with H. pylori were randomly divided into four groups: VPZ + doxycycline + furazolidone, VPZ + doxycycline + amoxicillin, esomeprazole (EPZ) + bismuth + doxycycline + furazolidone, and EPZ + colloidal bismuth + doxycycline + amoxicillin for 14 days. The eradication rate, medication adherence, and incidence of adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Inhibition of H. pylori by VPZ and EPZ in vitro was assessed. H. pylori treated with appropriate concentrations of VPZ and EPZ were sequenced by transcriptome analysis to explore the antibacterial mechanism.Results: A higher eradication rate were observed in VPZ-containing triple therapy. No obvious differences were observed in medication adherence or the incidence of AEs. VPZ had no direct inhibitory effect on H. pylori, whereas EPZ directly inhibited H. pylori may through downregulated genes related to the ribosome.Conclusion: In the Chinese population, 14-day VPZ-containing triple therapy was safe and more effective and can be used clinically as first-line H. pylori treatment.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05097846
Function and prognostic value of basement membrane -related genes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yurong , Li Tingting , Liu Huanqing , Wang Li 
Published: May 2023

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has become a common cause of cancer-related death. Many studies have shown that the basement membrane (BM) is associated with the development of cancer. However, BM-related gene expression and its relationship to LUAD prognosis remains unclear.Methods: BM-related genes from previous studies were used. Clinical and mRNA expression information were obtained from TCGA database. Cox, minimum absolute contraction, and selection operator regression were applied to analyze the selected genes affecting LUAD prognosis. A prognostic-risk model was then established. Furthermore, this study applied Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess the outcomes of high- and low-risk groups, then explored their differences in drug sensitivity. The DSigDB database was used to screen for therapeutic small-molecule drugs.Results: Fourteen prognostic models based on BM-related genes were successfully constructed and validated in patients with LUAD. We also found that independence was a prognostic factor in all 14 BM-based models. Functional analysis showed that the enrichment of BM-related genes mainly originated from signaling pathways related to cancer. The BM-based model also suggested that immune cell infiltration is associated with checkpoints. The low-risk patients may benefit from cyclopamine and docetaxel treatments.Conclusion: This study identified a reliable biomarker to predict survival in patients with LUAD and offered new insights into the function of BM-related genes in LUAD.
Research on underwater wireless dynamic optical communication system based on PPM modulation
Authors: Dong Bing , Tong Shoufeng , Zhang Peng , Wang Jiaxing 
Published: May 2023

In order to achieve underwater wireless dynamic optical communication, a laser communication system is proposed based on Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). In order to achieve underwater laser communication accurately, the mathematical model of underwater laser communication was constructed with small angle analysis. The pulse position modulation demodulation algorithm is designed, and the workflow of modulation and demodulation is given in the transmit module and the receive module. In the experiment, Lumileds-470 nm light source was selected for data communication for testing at a communication rate of 15 Mbp/s. In the servo control process, the square wave signal used for stepping motor drive had a stable amplitude output and a stable time width. It can well simulate the testing process of underwater dynamic scanning. In the experiment, laser light spots were obtained under different attenuation states, and the characteristics of the light spot distribution were analyzed. The numerical reconstruction of the light spot energy was completed in MATLAB. Three types of light attenuators, 1.0%, 0.1%, and 0.01%, were used to simulate different light attenuations underwater. The test results show that the system error rate is better than 10−6 when attenuation chip is 1.0%. When attenuation chip is 0.1%, the error rate of the system is reduced to 10−4. When attenuation chip is 0.01%, a valid signal cannot be obtained by the system. The feasibility of the system is verified.
How does mitochondria function contribute to aerobic performance enhancement in lizards?
Authors: Reardon Kara M. , Walton Brenna N. , Husak Jerry F. 
Published: May 2023

Aims: Aerobic exercise typically enhances endurance across vertebrates so that chronically high energy demands can be met. Some known mechanisms of doing this include increases in red blood cell numbers, angiogenesis, muscle fiber adaptions, mitochondria biogenesis, and changes to cellular metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. We used green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) to test for an effect of aerobic exercise on metabolism, mitochondria densities, and mitochondrial function.Methods: We first tested the response of green anoles to endurance training and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation, which has been shown to increase mitochondria biogenesis. We also conducted a mitochondrial stress test to determine how training affected mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle fibers. Results: Aerobic exercise led to increased endurance and decreased standard metabolic rate (SMR), while PQQ did not affect endurance and increased SMR. In a second experiment, aerobic exercise increased endurance and decreased resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both male and female green anoles. Higher counts of mitochondrial gene copies in trained lizards suggested additional mitochondria adaptations to achieve increased endurance and decreased metabolism. A mitochondrial stress test revealed no effect on baseline oxygen consumption rates of muscle fibers, but untrained lizards had higher maximal oxygen consumption rates with the addition of metabolic fuel.Conclusion: It is likely that trained lizards exhibited lower maximal oxygen consumption rates by developing higher mitochondria efficiency. This adaptation allows for high ATP demand to be met by making more ATP per oxygen molecule consumed. On the other hand, it is possible that untrained lizards prioritized limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at rest, while sacrificing higher levels of proton leak and higher oxygen consumption rates when working to meet high ATP demand.
Impact of growth trajectory on sexual maturation in layer chickens
Authors: Bahry Mohammad A. , Hanlon Charlene , Ziezold Clara J. , Schaus Sierra , Bédécarrats Grégoy Y. 
Published: May 2023

Recent studies showed that apart from photostimulation, metabolic triggers may independently activate sexual maturation and egg production in chickens. However, the origin, mode of action, and specific target(s) of this metabolic control remain unknown. Beyond body weight (BW), we hypothesize that body composition (BC) and associated specific metabolic signals are involved. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the BW and BC thresholds triggering spontaneous sexual maturation in layer pullets under different growth trajectories. Day-old Lohman LSL lite and Lohman brown lite chicks (n = 210 each) raised in brooding cages under ad libitum (AL) feeding until 8 weeks of age were randomly allocated into individual cages and assigned to one of 3 experimental growth profiles; AL, breeder’s target (T), restricted 20% below target (R), (n = 70 birds/profile/strain). Birds had free access to water throughout the trial. All hens were maintained on 10 h of light (10 lux) throughout the rest of the study. Blood and tissue samples were collected throughout the study to measure plasma estradiol (E2) concentrations and organ weights, respectively. Furthermore, carcasses were subjected to Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) analyses. All analyses were completed with SAS using the MIXED procedure. Results show that R treatment slowed (p &lt; 0.001) growth, delayed age at first egg (FE) and egg production (p &lt; 0.001) and resulted in lower BW at FE (p &lt; 0.001), lower ovary weight and number of follicles (p &lt; 0.001) compared to AL in both strains, whereas, the strain significantly impacted body weight (p &lt; 0.0001), ovary weight (p &lt; 0.001), BW at FE (p &lt; 0.001), age at FE (p &lt; 0.001), egg production (p &lt; 0.0001), E2 (p &lt; 0.0001) and body composition (p &lt; 0.05). For DEXA, AL feeding (p &lt; 0.001) increased fat deposition compared to R. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma E2 and bone mineral content (p &lt; 0.01) and bone mineral density (p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, feed allocation impacted growth and BC in a strain dependent manner which resulted in differing age at sexual maturation and egg production. Furthermore, a body fat threshold between 10% to 15% appears to be required for the occurrence of spontaneously sexual maturation in laying hens.
Adolescents with developmental traumas in therapy in a child and adolescent mental health service, outpatient unit: experiences of daily living and expectations for therapy – a qualitative study
Authors: Olstad Kjerst , Sørensen Torgeir , Lien Lars , Danbolt Lars Johan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDevelopmental trauma has a profound effect on people’s lives. There are few studies of the perceived difficulties and treatment needs of adolescents with developmental trauma. More studies are called for to explore the perspectives and experiences of these patients, especially adolescents.MethodSemi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adolescents with developmental trauma aged 14–18 years in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Outpatient Unit. The interviews were analyzed using systematic text condensation.ResultsA main finding in this study regards the participants’ understanding of why they needed therapy: symptom alleviation and coping tools. They expressed a need for talking with a safe and reliable adult who understood their situation. Their stories of daily functioning and bodily sensations align mainly with symptoms described for adolescents with developmental trauma. The study also shows that the participants’ experiences of trauma affected their lives to a greater or lesser extent, in the form of ambivalence, avoidance, regulation, and coping strategies. They also described various physical problems, especially insomnia and inner restlessness. Their subjective stories revealed insights into their experiences.ConclusionBased on the results, we recommend that adolescents with developmental trauma be allowed to express their understandings of their difficulties and their treatment expectations at an early stage of their therapy. An emphasis on patient involvement and the therapeutic relationship can increase their autonomy and control over their own lives and treatment.
Developing a peer-led intervention to promote COVID-19 testing in low-income housing settings
Authors: Plunk Andrew D. , Hannon Kapri , Carver Alexandra , Cooper Diane , Grant Debra , Greene Sudie , Morgan Emma , Gehlert Sarah 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe Housing Collaborative project at Eastern Virginia Medical School has developed a method of adapting public health guidance from public housing communities, which face tremendous health challenges in cardiometabolic health, cancer, and other major health conditions. In this paper, we describe how academic and community partners in the Housing Collaborative came together to do this work with a focus on COVID-19 testing in the context of the emerging pandemic.MethodsThe academic team used virtual community engagement methods to interact with the Housing Collaborative Community Advisory Board (HCCAB) and a separate cohort of research participants (N = 102) recruited into a study of distrust in COVID-19 guidance. We conducted a series of 44 focus group interviews with participants on related topics. Results from these interviews were discussed with the HCCAB. We used the collaborative intervention planning framework to inform adaptation of public health guidance on COVID-19 testing delivered in low-income housing settings by including all relevant perspectives.ResultsParticipants reported several important barriers to COVID-19 testing related to distrust in the tests and those administering them. Distrust in housing authorities and how they might misuse positive test results seemed to further undermine decision making about COVID-19 testing. Pain associated with testing was also a concern. To address these concerns, a peer-led testing intervention was proposed by the Housing Collaborative. A second round of focus group interviews was then conducted, in which participants reported their approval of the proposed intervention.ConclusionAlthough the COVID-19 pandemic was not our initial focus, we were able to identify a number of barriers to COVID-19 testing in low-income housing settings that can be addressed with adapted public health guidance. We struck a balance between community input and scientific rigor and obtained high quality, honest feedback to inform evidence-based recommendations to guide decisions about health.
The relationship between perfectionism, self-perception of orofacial appearance, and mental health in college students
Authors: Gao Xinlin , Zhong Jiawei , Li Hanchao , Pei Yapeng , Li Xixin , Zhang Siyu , Yue Yuan , Xiong Xin 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn dental clinical practice, self-perception of orofacial appearance is highly correlated with treatment satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to explore factors correlated with self-perception of orofacial appearance. Perfectionism may be one such factor. This study investigated the role of perfectionism in self-perception of orofacial appearance.MethodsParticipants completed an online questionnaire that included demographic data, a measure of perfectionism, a measure of self-perception of orofacial appearance (including body image, smile appearance concern, and self-esteem), and a measure of anxiety and depression.ResultsHigh perfectionism scores significantly predicted greater age, body image, smile appearance concern, and mental health scores and lower self-esteem scores (p &lt; 0.005). After adjusting for possible confounding variables, smile appearance concern largely disappeared. Mental health acted as a mediator in the relationships between perfectionism and three orofacial appearance characteristics.ConclusionHigh perfectionism predicted higher self-perception of body image, and lower mental health and self-esteem in college students. Mental health could mediate the relationships between perfectionism and self-perception of orofacial appearance.
Reformed child and adolescent mental health services in a devolved healthcare system: a mixed-methods case study of an implementation site
Authors: Banwell Emily , Humphrey Neil , Qualter Pamela 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEfforts are being made to reform and reconceptualise children and young people's (CYP) mental health services. This is in response to a rapid increase in mental health difficulties in this population, and the shortcomings of current service provision. The present study seeks to comprehensively evaluate the local implementation of the THRIVE Framework for System Change in Greater Manchester, UK (GM i-THRIVE) from 2018 to 2021. The framework was designed to change the way mental health is perceived, and subsequently how support is allocated. The current study focusses on the implementation of the framework's principles into CYP mental health support in the region.MethodsThe study comprised three methodological components, beginning with examination of the GM i-THRIVE implementation plan and self-assessment questionnaire measure using the Quality Implementation Tool. This was to provide a wider backdrop of implementation method adequacy to the rest of the study's findings. Subsequently, evaluation measures completed by professionals across Greater Manchester were examined to establish implementation progress, before corroborating key items from this measure with thematically analysed interview data from six CYP (13–22 years) who recently received mental health support in the region. Levels of agreement between staff and CYP were examined.ResultsGM i-THRIVE's implementation plan and self-assessment measure were respectively deemed a strong guiding foundation, and a suitable way of evaluating implementation progress. Every principle within the self-assessment measure demonstrated closer alignment with the THRIVE Framework as time progressed. Two themes were developed from the qualitative interview data, each overarching four subthemes: (1) Qualities of the service: information and decision sharing; communication and continuity; needs-based support; compassion and trust, and (2) The mental health journey: beginnings; endings; waiting; satisfaction with support. A good level of agreement between CYP testimony and staff progress reports was found.ConclusionsFindings suggested that the experiences of the CYP in the sample, who were interviewed in the spring to summer period of 2022, were overwhelmingly positive. The rich insights into mental health support offered by the young participants lead us to recommend continued qualitative research with service-users as GM i-THRIVE's embedding period continues, with focus on representing a wide range of experiences in future research samples. Methodological limitations were explored, including the extent to which true cross-references could be made between professional and CYP accounts.
The determinants of crop productivity and its effect on food and nutrition security in rural communities of South Africa
Authors: Hlatshwayo Simphiwe Innocentia , Ngidi Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas , Ojo Temitope Oluwaseun , Modi Albert Thembinkosi , Mabhaudhi Tafadzwanashe , Slotow Rob 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionHigh crop productivity has the potential to improve the food and nutrition security status of not only smallholder farmers but also households in general. However, smallholder farmers operate in a dynamic environment whereby their crop production is affected by various factors that hinder it from lessening food insecurity and malnutrition in rural areas. The study investigated the determinants of crop productivity and its effect on household food and nutrition security status in South Africa.MethodsThis study employed a quantitative research method. A total of 1520 households were selected using the multi-stage stratified random sampling technique. Out of the total sample size of 1520, 386 were crop producers, 176 producers were from Mpumalanga province, and 210 producers were from the Limpopo province.Results and discussionMost of the smallholder farmers do not have access to the irrigation system, mechanization, and agricultural inputs. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale showed that most smallholder farmers were food insecure, with 78% of the farmers in each province found to be food insecure. The results from Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) showed that in the overall sampled population, 50% of smallholder farmers had highly diverse diets. Only 50% of the smallholder farmers had high dietary diversity in each province. Irrigation systems and involvement in crop production had a positive influence on the crop productivity of smallholder farmers. The results from the Conditional Mixed Process (CMP) model showed that ownership of livestock, harvest, and disability in the family negatively impacted smallholder farmers' food security status while household size had a positive effect on the food security of smallholder farmers. The results also showed that social grants, agricultural assistance, and harvest had a negative impact on the nutrition status of smallholder farmers. While household size had a positive impact on the nutrition status of smallholder farmers.Conclusion and recommendationsFactors such as irrigation systems and involvement in crop production influenced crop productivity. Household size influenced the nutritional status of smallholder farmers while harvest size affected the food security status. There is a need to encourage more households to get involved in farming. Government and non-governmental organizations need to support smallholder farmers with agricultural productive resources like irrigation systems to improve their crop productivity.
School food policies and the transition of urban food systems in Brazil and France: insights from São Paulo and Greater Paris region case studies
Authors: Retière Morgane , Darly Ségolène 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFor many promoters of alternative food systems, scaling up local food provisioning holds the promise of mitigating the negative environmental impacts of the corporate food sector by stimulating regional agricultural diversification. Although these initiatives challenge the dominant model, the question remains of their transformative power and their place in the dynamics of change, at the meso and macro levels. Scholars as well as social and political movements often identify school catering as a sector where such doubts can be overcome. In this paper, we seek to explore the role of public policies encouraging sustainable school food procurement in framing the possibilities for scaling up alternatives' impacts on agricultural landscapes and possible diversification dynamics.MethodsOur work is based on the analysis of the day-to-day governance of school food procurement in 21 case studies located in large cities, Greater Paris (France) and São Paulo (Brazil). In total, 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different types of actors (managers of school catering services, representatives of agricultural cooperatives and advisory organizations). The interviews transcriptions were processed using thematic analysis. The purpose was to examine whether these 21 cases shared common logics, regardless of their technical facilities, management methods and national contexts, in order to assess which of these commonalities could be interpreted as specific to metropolitan territories.ResultsIn highly urbanized countries, larger cities' urban food strategies are expected to contribute significantly to bending the curve of landscape simplification. Such hope is mitigated by our findings: we show that most cases relate to the trend of a dominant alternative pattern that relies on a renewed agro-industrial system which does not challenge the regional specialization dynamics.DiscussionNevertheless, most of the cases that deviate significantly from this model are found in the São Paulo metropolitan area; this suggests–as Brazil is a pioneer in strong public policy promoting direct procurement of school meals from sustainable family farming–that national framework can still set the conditions for local innovations.