bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher circulating vitamin B12 is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in naturally aged mice
Authors: Domínguez‐López Inés , Kovatcheva Marta , Casas Rosa , Toledo Estefanía , Fitó Montserrat , Ros Emilio , Estruch Ramon , Serrano Manuel , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is involved in numerous physiological processes, and its deficiency can lead to various complications, including neurological and haematological disorders. Some studies have suggested that vitamin B12 may have anti‐inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. We investigated the relationship between circulating vitamin B12 and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)‐6 and C‐reactive protein (CRP). The association of peripheral levels of vitamin B12 with IL‐6 and CRP was assessed in 136 human samples from a high cardiovascular risk population. To corroborate the results from the human trial, the analysis was replicated in naturally aged mice.RESULTSIndividuals with higher serum levels of vitamin B12 showed lower concentrations of IL‐6 and CRP after adjustment for potential confounders, and an inverse association was also found between serum IL‐6 and vitamin B12 levels in naturally aged mice.CONCLUSIONCirculating vitamin B12 was inversely associated with IL‐6 and CRP in humans and with IL‐6 in mice, suggesting that it may exert an anti‐inflammatory effect through modulation of these pro‐inflammatory molecules. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prediction of nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in acral melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Lin XinYi , Sun Wei , Ren Min , Xu Yu , Wang ChunMeng , Yan WangJun , Kong YunYi , Balch Charles M. , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetastasis in a nonsentinel lymph node (non‐SLN) is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor in cutaneous melanoma (CM). Recent data did suggest potential value of completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in CM patients with non‐SLN metastasis. Prediction of non‐SLN metastasis assists clinicians in deciding on adjuvant therapy without CLND. We analyzed risk factors and developed a prediction model for non‐SLN status in acral melanoma (AM).MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 656 cases of melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2009 to 2017. We identified 81 SLN + AM patients who underwent CLND. Clinicopathologic data, including SLN tumor burden and non‐SLN status were examined with Cox and Logistics regression models.ResultsUlceration, Clark level, number of deposits in the SLN (NumDep) and maximum size of deposits (MaxSize) are independent risk factors associated with non‐SLN metastases. We developed a scoring system that combines ulceration, the cutoff values of Clark level V, MaxSize of 2 mm, and NumDep of 5 to predict non‐SLN metastasis with an efficiency of 85.2% and 100% positive predictive value in the high‐rank group (scores of 17–24).ConclusionsA scoring system that included ulceration, Clark level, MaxSize, and NumDep is reliable and effective for predicting non‐SLN metastasis in SLN‐positive AM.
Diagnosis of cognitive and motor disorders levels in stroke patients through explainable machine learning based on MRI
Authors: Wang Meng , Lin Yi , Gu Feifei , Xing Wenyu , Li Boyi , Jiang Xue , Liu Chengcheng , Li Dan , Li Ying , Wu Yi , Ta Dean 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, stroke is the third most significant cause of disability. A stroke may produce motor, sensory, perceptual, or cognitive disorders that result in disability and affect the likelihood of recovery, affecting a person's ability to function. Evaluation post‐stroke is critical for optimal stroke care.PurposeTraditional methods for classifying the clinical disorders of cognitive and motor in stroke patients use assessment and interrogative measures, which are time‐consuming, complex, and labor‐intensive. In response to the current situation, this study develops an algorithm to automatically classify motor and cognitive disorders in stroke patients by 3D brain MRI to assist physicians in diagnosis.MethodsFirst, radiomics and fusion features are extracted from the OAx T2 Propeller of 3D brain MRI. Then, we use 14 machine learning models and one model ensemble method to predict Fugl‐Meyer and MMSE levels of stroke patients. Next, we evaluate the models using accuracy, recall, f1‐score, and area under the curve (AUC). Finally, we employ SHAP to explain the output of the model.ResultsThe best predictive models come from Random Forest (RF) Classifier with fusion features in cognitive classification and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with radiomics features in motor classification. The highest accuracies are 92.0 and 82.5% for cognitive and motor disorders.ConclusionsMRI brain maps can classify the cognitive and motor disorders of stroke patients. Radiomics features demonstrate its merits. The proposed algorithms with MRI images can efficiently assist physicians in diagnosing the cognitive and motor disorders of stroke patients in clinical practice. Additionally, this lessens labor costs, improves diagnostic effectiveness, and avoids the subjective difference that comes with manual assessment.
Functional‐preserving predictor‐corrector multiderivative schemes
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik , Schütz Jochen , Theodosiou Eleni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we develop a class of high‐order multiderivative time integration methods that is able to preserve certain functionals discretely. Important ingredients are the recently developed Hermite‐Birkhoff‐Predictor‐Corrector (HBPC) methods and the technique of relaxation for numerical methods of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We explain the algorithm in detail and show numerical results for two‐ and three‐derivative methods, comparing relaxed and unrelaxed methods. The numerical results demonstrate that, at the slight cost of the relaxation, an improved scheme is obtained.
Modelling the post‐buckling behaviour of steel sheets under induction heating
Authors: Filkin Vladimir , Vetyukov Yury , Heinrich Ben , Toth Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInduction heating has many engineering applications. To accurately describe the induction heating process of thin steel sheets one needs to account for their mechanical deformation. This might strongly affect the magnetic configuration since thin sheets are prone to thermal buckling, leading to large supercritical deformations. We suggest a modelling strategy combining a computationally highly efficient structural mechanical shell description for the thin sheet with a standard continuum model for eddy current and thermal problems through an iterative coupling algorithm. All benchmark problems are solved numerically using the finite element method.
CYP2D6‐guided opioid therapy for adults with cancer pain: A randomized implementation clinical trial
Authors: Mosley Scott A. , Cicali Emily , Del Cueto Alex , Portman Diane G. , Donovan Kristine A. , Gong Yan , Langaee Taimour , Gopalan Priya , Schmit Jessica , Starr Jason S. , Silver Natalie , Chang Young D. , Rajasekhara Sahana , Smith Joshua E. , Soares Heloisa P. , Clare‐Salzler Michael , Starostik Petr , George Thomas J. , McLeod Howard L. , Fillingim Roger B. , Hicks J. Kevin , Cavallari Larisa H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes opioids commonly prescribed for cancer‐related pain, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms may contribute to variability in opioid response. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing CYP2D6‐guided opioid prescribing for patients with cancer and reported pilot outcome data.MethodsAdult patients from two cancer centers were prospectively enrolled into a hybrid implementation‐effectiveness clinical trial and randomized to CYP2D6‐genotype‐guided opioid selection, with clinical recommendations, or usual care. Implementation metrics, including provider response, medication changes consistent with recommendations, and patient‐reported pain and symptom scores at baseline and up to 8 weeks, were assessed.ResultsMost (87/114, 76%) patients approached for the study agreed to participate. Of 85 patients randomized, 71% were prescribed oxycodone at baseline. The median (range) time to receive CYP2D6 test results was 10 (3–37) days; 24% of patients had physicians acknowledge genotype results in a clinic note. Among patients with CYP2D6‐genotype‐guided recommendations to change therapy (n = 11), 18% had a change congruent with recommendations. Among patients who completed baseline and follow‐up questionnaires (n = 48), there was no difference in change in mean composite pain score (−1.01 ± 2.1 vs. −0.41 ± 2.5; p = 0.19) or symptom severity at last follow‐up (3.96 ± 2.18 vs. 3.47 ± 1.78; p = 0.63) between the usual care arm (n = 26) and genotype‐guided arm (n = 22), respectively.ConclusionOur study revealed high acceptance of pharmacogenetic testing as part of a clinical trial among patients with cancer pain. However, provider response to genotype‐guided recommendations was low, impacting assessment of pain‐related outcomes. Addressing barriers to utility of pharmacogenetics results and clinical recommendations will be critical for implementation success.
Environmental risk factors for respiratory infection and wheeze in young children: A multicentre birth cohort study
Authors: Ruffles Tom , Inglis Sarah K. , Memon Anjum , Seddon Paul , Basu Kaninika , Bremner Stephen A. , Rabe Heike , Tavendale Roger , Palmer Colin N. A. , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Fidler Katy J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory infections and wheeze have a considerable impact on the health of young children and consume significant healthcare resources. We aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on respiratory infections and symptoms in early childhood.MethodsEnvironmental risk factors including: daycare attendance; breastfeeding; siblings; damp within the home; environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); child's bedroom flooring; animal exposure; road traffic density around child's home; and solid fuel pollution within home were assessed in children recruited to the GO‐CHILD multicentre prospective birth cohort study. Follow‐up information on respiratory infections (bronchiolitis, pneumonia, otitis media and cold or flu), wheeze and cough symptoms, healthcare utilisation and medication prescription was collected by postal questionnaires at 12 and 24 months. Log binomial and ordered logistic regression models were fitted to the data.ResultsFollow‐up was obtained on 1344 children. Daycare was associated with increased odds of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04−5.49), bronchiolitis (OR = 1.40, 1.02−1.90), otitis media (OR = 1.68, 1.32−2.14) and emergency department attendance for wheeze (RR = 1.81, 1.17−2.80). Breastfeeding beyond 6 months was associated with a reduced odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 0.55, 0.39−0.77) and otitis media (OR = 0.75, 0.59−0.99). Siblings at home was associated with an increased odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 1.65, 1.18−2.32) and risk of reliever inhaler prescription (RR = 1.37, 1.02−1.85). Visible damp was associated with an increased odds of wheeze (OR = 1.85, 1.11−3.19), and risk of reliever inhaler (RR = 1.73, 1.04−2.89) and inhaled corticosteroid prescription (RR = 2.61, 1.03−6.59). ETS exposure was associated with an increased odds of primary care attendance for cough or wheeze (OR = 1.52, 1.11−2.08). Dense traffic around the child's home was associated with an increased odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 1.32, 1.08−2.29).ConclusionEnvironmental factors likely influence the wide variation in infection frequency and symptoms observed in early childhood. Larger population studies are necessary to further inform and guide public health policy to decrease the burden of respiratory infections and wheeze in young children.
Clinical utility of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study
Authors: Yamada Yasutaka , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sato Kodai , Saito Shinpei , Kanesaka Manato , Rii Junryo , Kurokawa Koichiro , Tachiwaki Daisuke , Fukui Yudai , Shibata Hiroki , Goto Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Imamura Yusuke , Nakatsu Hiroomi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) based on the serum albumin level and the lymphocyte count has been investigated as a prognostic factor in patients with malignant tumors. However, it has been poorly studied in prostate cancer (PCa), and little is known about its clinical utility.MethodsClinical data of 353 patients with de novo, metastatic, hormone‐sensitive PCa (mHSPC) who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were obtained from multiple institutions between 2000 and 2019. The impacts of the pretreatment PNI level on treatment response and survival, together with clinical parameters, were examined. The Mann−Whitney U test, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan−Meier methods were used to evaluate significance.ResultsThe median age and initial prostate‐specific antigen level were 73 and 266.18 ng/mL, respectively. Patients with a low PNI had shorter progression‐free survival (PFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, low PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.0027, HR = 1.65), as well as advanced age (p = 0.049, HR = 1.38), the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG) 5 (p = 0.0027, HR = 1.69), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.08). A propensity score‐matching analysis showed that the PNI level remained a significant prognostic biomarker for PFS (p = 0.0263), CSS (p = 0.0006), and OS (p = 0.0015). Furthermore, a novel risk classification using PNI, LDH, and the ISUP GG was established to stratify patients' prognosis. An increase in the number of risk factors was significantly correlated with poor outcomes.ConclusionsA low pretreatment PNI might be an effective biomarker of poor treatment response and survival in patients with mHSPC undergoing ADT.
Erythematous Plaques on the Bilateral Dorsal Hands
Authors: Fardos Mohammad , Cooper Benjamin R. , Holt Sara , Esguerra David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by the sudden onset of painful, haemorrhagic, and pustular bullae with violaceous rims on the dorsal aspects of the hands. Here we present a 61-year old male with a 1-week history of tender, haemorrhagic, and pustular bullae on both dorsal hands, evolving into ulcerative plaques with haemorrhagic crusting over 5 days. A 4 mm lesional punch biopsy revealed a diffuse dermal infiltrate of numerous neutrophils intermixed with lymphocytes and histiocytes, along with epidermal spongiosis and neutrophilic exocytosis. No leukocytoclastic vasculitis was identified. The provided images document the progression of this rare inflammatory process. Understanding such cases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in 2D‐1D WS2/TiO2 and 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 Heterosystems
Authors: Aswal Deepali , Bamola Priyanka , Rani Chanchal , Rawat Saurabh , Bhatt Abhinav , Chhoker Sandeep , Sharma Mohit , Dwivedi Charu , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Himani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) tungsten disulphide (WS2) based heterostructures with modified interfaces have huge potential for photocatalytic applications. Integrating WS2 with one‐dimensional (1D) titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 2D molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) structures to form heterostructures, enhances its photocatalytic activity. The enrichment in photocatalytic activity of heterostructures may get affected by the electronic interaction at the interface as well as morphology and dimensionality also affect the catalytic activity. In this context, the present work focuses on the enrichment of photocatalytic activity by different tungsten disulphide (WS2) based heterostructures, which may get influenced by the interfacial interaction. In the present work, two different heterostructures 2D‐1D WS2/TiO2 and 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 are formed using the hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the morphology of prepared heterostructures. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further revealed that the integration of 1D and 2D nanostructures with WS2 has been found effective to alter the interface by the development of the Ohmic and Schottky barrier. Moreover, Fourier transformation infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy confirms the presence of W−S, S−S, Mo−S, and Ti−O bonds in the prepared heterostructures. Furthermore, current‐voltage (I–V) data graphically illustrated the conductivity of catalysts. I–V curves confirm the presence of Schottky and ohmic barriers and the higher electrical conductivity of 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 heterostructures, which facilitates the charge carrier's transportation. 2D‐1D WS2/TiO2 and 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 heterostructures are further explored for photocatalytic activity by the methylene blue dye degradation. The overall catalytic activity of 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 is better than 2D‐1D WS2/TiO2 and WS2, respectively. This result was accounted as 2D‐2D MoS2/WS2 had the highest conductivity and better charge separation at the interface in comparison to the other two synthesised catalysts.
Phosphine‐Free Bis(imino)pyridine‐Based Pincer Palladium(II) Complexes as Catalysts for C−H Bond Arylation of Azoles with Aryl Iodides
Authors: Raj Lakshkar Ritu , Agrawal Akshita , Yadav Seema , Dash Chandrakanta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPalladium pincer complexes have been shown to catalyze various organic transformations. Bis(imino)pyridine‐based palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized from the reactions between corresponding bis(imino)pyridine ligands and PdCl2(CH3CN)2 in acetonitrile as a solvent. All three palladium pincer complexes of general formula [(N∧N∧N)PdCl][PdCl3] and [(N∧N∧N)PdCl][PF6] have been characterized by NMR, IR, Mass and Elemental analysis studies. The catalytic activity of these palladium pincer complexes in direct C−H bond arylation of azoles with aryl iodides was also investigated. At a catalyst loading of 0.25 mol%, the palladium complexes were found to be effective precatalysts in the direct C−H bond arylation of azoles with aryl iodide.
Characterization of thixotropic properties of fresh cement‐based materials
Authors: Ji Xuping , Pan Tinghong , Liu Xingyao , Zhao Wenhao , Du Linpu , Liu Jianzhong , Han Fangyu , Sha Jianfang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccurate evaluation of the thixotropy of mixtures is crucial for the design and production of self‐compacting concrete, pumped concrete, and 3D printed concrete. However, there is no uniform standard for the assessment of the thixotropy of fresh cement‐based materials. In this paper, four widely used test procedures (thixotropic index, static yield stress growth curve, thixotropic hysteresis loop area, and three‐stage curve) are compared to determine the relationships between them. The results show that the test procedures based on the break‐down (destruction) process (thixotropic index, thixotropic hysteresis loop area, and degree of breakdown) are difficult to distinguish between reversible and irreversible thixotropic structures and to accurately assess the thixotropy of mixtures. The short‐term structural build‐up rate Rthix is more suitable for characterizing the thixotropic properties. The three‐stage curve can characterize both the degree of structural damage and the reconstruction ability of the paste, nano‐attapulgite clay can significantly improve the structural recovery degree of the mixture at the early hydration stage. This study will provide guidance and a theoretical framework for choosing the thixotropic characterization method of cement‐based materials in practical engineering applications.
Ab initio electronic structure calculations based on numerical atomic orbitals: Basic fomalisms and recent progresses
Authors: Lin Peize , Ren Xinguo , Liu Xiaohui , He Lixin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe numerical atomic orbital (NAO) basis sets offer a computationally efficient option for electronic structure calculations, as they require fewer basis functions compared with other types of basis sets. Moreover, their strict localization allows for easy combination with current linear scaling methods, enabling efficient calculation of large physical systems. In recent years, NAO bases have become increasingly popular in modern electronic structure codes. This article provides a review of the ab initio electronic structure calculations using NAO bases. We begin by introducing basic formalisms of the NAO‐based electronic structure method, including NAO base set generation, self‐consistent calculations, force, and stress calculations. We will then discuss some recent advances in the methods based on the NAO bases, such as real‐time dependent density functional theory (rt‐TDDFT), efficient implementation of hybrid functionals, and other advanced electronic structure methods. Finally, we introduce the ab initio tight‐binding model, which can be generated directly after the self‐consistent calculations. The model allows for efficient calculation of electronic structures, and the associated topological, and optical properties of the systems.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Perturbative Page curve induced by external impulse
Authors: Zhang Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, we extend the recent study of entropy dynamics induced by an external impulse in open quantum systems, where the entropy response follows the Page curve. For small system-bath coupling κ, we expect that the entropy first increases exponentially κ2eϰt in the early-time regime t ≲ |log κ| due to quantum many-body chaos, and then decreases as e−λ0t with λ0 ∝ κ2 due to the energy relaxation. These results are confirmed through explicit calculations using two methods: (1) generalized Boltzmann equation for systems with quasi-particles; (2) scramblon effective theory in the early-time regime and perturbation theory in the late-time regime for 0+1-d systems. We also prove that in the second stage, the entropy of the system is equal to the coarse-grained entropy.
Entropy current and fluid-gravity duality in Gauss-Bonnet theory
Authors: Chandranathan A. , Bhattacharyya Sayantani , Patra Milan , Roy Shuvayu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Working within the approximation of small amplitude expansion, recently an entropy current has been constructed on the horizons of dynamical black hole solution in any higher derivative theory of gravity. In this note, we have dualized this horizon entropy current to a boundary entropy current in an asymptotically AdS black hole metric with a dual description in terms of dynamical fluids living on the AdS boundary. This boundary entropy current is constructed using a set of mapping functions relating each point on the horizon to a point on the boundary. We have applied our construction to black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. We have seen that up to the first order in derivative expansion, Gauss-Bonnet terms do not add any extra corrections to fluid entropy as expected. However, at the second order in derivative expansion, the boundary current will non-trivially depend on how we choose our horizon to boundary map, which need not be expressible entirely in terms of fluid variables. So generically, the boundary entropy current generated by dualizing the horizon current will not admit a fluid dynamical description.