bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the probiotic properties and immunomodulatory effects of fermented food-derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains: implications for environmental enteropathy
Authors: Prakash Vidhya , Madhavan Aravind , Veedu Archana Palillam , Babu Pradeesh , Jothish Abhirami , Nair Sruthy S. , Suhail Alin , Prabhakar Meera , Sain Thasleema , Rajan Raveena , Somanathan Priyanka , Abhinand Kuniyil , Nair Bipin G. , Pal Sanjay 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionEnvironmental enteropathy (EE), a chronic small intestine disease characterized by gut inflammation, is widely prevalent in low-income countries and is hypothesized to be caused by continuous exposure to fecal contamination. Targeted nutritional interventions using potential probiotic strains from fermented foods can be an effective strategy to inhibit enteric pathogens and prevent chronic gut inflammation.MethodsWe isolated potential strains from fermented rice water and lemon pickle and investigated their cell surface properties, antagonistic properties, adhesion to HT-29 cells, and inhibition of pathogen adherence to HT-29 cells. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) were purified, and in vivo, survival studies in Caenorhabditis elegans infected with Salmonella enterica MW116733 were performed. We further checked the expression pattern of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL8, and IL-10) in HT-29 cells supplemented with strains.ResultsThe strains isolated from rice water (RS) and lemon pickle (T1) were identified as Limosilactobacillus fermentum MN410703 and MN410702, respectively. Strains showed probiotic properties like tolerance to low pH (pH 3.0), bile salts up to 0.5%, simulated gastric juice at low pH, and binding to extracellular matrix molecules. Auto-aggregation of T1 was in the range of 85% and significantly co-aggregated with Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. enterica, and Escherichia coli at 48, 79, and 65%, respectively. Both strains had a higher binding affinity to gelatin and heparin compared to Bacillus clausii. Susceptibility to most aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, and macrolide classes of antibiotics was also observed. RS showed BLIS activity against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. enterica at 60, 48, and 30%, respectively, and the protective effects of BLIS from RS in the C. elegans infection model demonstrated a 70% survival rate of the worms infected with S. enterica. RS and T1 demonstrated binding efficiency to HT-29 cell lines in the 38–46% range, and both strains inhibited the adhesion of E. coli MDR and S. enterica. Upregulation of IL-6 and IL-10 and the downregulation of IL-8 were observed when HT-29 cells were treated with RS, indicating the immunomodulatory effects of the strain.DiscussionThe potential strains identified could effectively inhibit enteric pathogens and prevent environmental enteropathy.
Phenotyping of lymphoproliferative tumours generated in xenografts of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Pearce David R. , Akarca Ayse U. , De Maeyer Roel P. H. , Kostina Emily , Huebner Ariana , Sivakumar Monica , Karasaki Takahiro , Shah Kavina , Janes Sam M. , McGranahan Nicholas , Reddy Venkat , Akbar Arne N. , Moore David A. , Marafioti Teresa , Swanton Charles , Hynds Robert E. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPatient-derived xenograft (PDX) models involve the engraftment of tumour tissue in immunocompromised mice and represent an important pre-clinical oncology research method. A limitation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PDX model derivation in NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice is that a subset of initial engraftments are of lymphocytic, rather than tumour origin. MethodsThe immunophenotype of lymphoproliferations arising in the lung TRACERx PDX pipeline were characterised. To present the histology data herein, we developed a Python-based tool for generating patient-level pathology overview figures from whole-slide image files; PATHOverview is available on GitHub (https://github.com/EpiCENTR-Lab/PATHOverview).ResultsLymphoproliferations occurred in 17.8% of lung adenocarcinoma and 10% of lung squamous cell carcinoma transplantations, despite none of these patients having a prior or subsequent clinical history of lymphoproliferative disease. Lymphoproliferations were predominantly human CD20+ B cells and had the immunophenotype expected for post-transplantation diffuse large B cell lymphoma with plasma cell features. All lymphoproliferations expressed Epstein-Barr-encoded RNAs (EBER). Analysis of immunoglobulin light chain gene rearrangements in three tumours where multiple tumour regions had resulted in lymphoproliferations suggested that each had independent clonal origins. DiscussionOverall, these data suggest that B cell clones with lymphoproliferative potential are present within primary NSCLC tumours, and that these are under continuous immune surveillance. Since these cells can be expanded following transplantation into NSG mice, our data highlight the value of quality control measures to identify lymphoproliferations within xenograft pipelines and support the incorporation of strategies to minimise lymphoproliferations during the early stages of xenograft establishment pipelines.
Dynamics of pulmonary hypertension severity in the first 48 h in neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Leyens Judith , Schroeder Lukas , Geipel Annegret , Berg Christoph , Bo Bartolomeo , Lemloh Lotte , Patel Neil , Mueller Andreas , Kipfmueller Florian 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the major contributing factors to the high morbidity and mortality in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The severity and duration of postnatal PH are an established risk factor for patient outcome; however, the early postnatal dynamics of PH have not been investigated. This study aims to describe the early course of PH in CDH infants, and its relation to established prognostic markers and outcome measures.MethodsWe performed a monocentric retrospective review of neonates with prenatally diagnosed CDH, who received three standardized echocardiographic examinations at 2–6 h, 24, and 48 h of life. The degree of PH was graded as one of three categories: mild/no, moderate, or severe PH. The characteristics of the three groups and their course of PH over 48 h were compared using univariate and correlational analyses.ResultsOf 165 eligible CDH cases, initial PH classification was mild/no in 28%, moderate in 35%, and severe PH in 37%. The course of PH varied markedly based on the initial staging. No patient with initial no/mild PH developed severe PH, required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-therapy, or died. Of cases with initial severe PH, 63% had persistent PH at 48 h, 69% required ECMO, and 54% died. Risk factors for any PH included younger gestational age, intrathoracic liver herniation, prenatal fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO)-intervention, lower lung to head ratio (LHR), and total fetal lung volume (TFLV). Patients with moderate and severe PH showed similar characteristics, except liver position at 24- (p = 0.042) and 48 h (p = 0.001), mortality (p = 0.001), and ECMO-rate (p = 0.035).DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically assess the dynamics of PH in the first postnatal 48 h at three defined time points. CDH infants with initial moderate and severe PH have a high variation in postnatal PH severity over the first 48 h of life. Patients with mild/no PH have less change in PH severity, and an excellent prognosis. Patients with severe PH at any point have a significantly higher risk for ECMO and mortality. Assessing PH within 2–6 h should be a primary goal in the care for CDH neonates.
A real-world disproportionality analysis of apalutamide: data mining of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Fang Zhihong , Xu Zhiqiang , Zhu Wei , Yu Mingming , Ji Chunmei 
Published: June 2023

Background: Apalutamide is a new drug class, which is approved to treat prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to assess the safety profiles of apalutamide in real-world through data mining of the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Method: We included adverse event (AE) reports regarding apalutamide submitted to the FAERS from 2018 quarter 1 (2018Q1) to 2022 quarter 1 (2022Q1). Disproportionality analyses, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), were performed to identify the signals of AEs in patients receiving apalutamide. A signal was detected if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of ROR &gt;1 and at least 3 AEs were reported.Results: The FAERS database documented 4,156 reports regarding apalutamide from 1 January 2018, to 31 March 2022. A total of 100 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) were retained. Frequently observed AEs in patients receiving apalutamide included rash, fatigue, diarrhea, hot flush, fall, weight decreased, hypertension. The most significant system organ class (SOC) was “skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders”, which mainly consisted of dermatological adverse events (dAEs). The additional AEs observed with the significantly signal contain lichenoid keratosis, increased eosinophil count, bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, hydronephrosis.Conclusion: Our findings provide valuable evidence for apalutamide safety profile in the real-world, which could help clinicians and pharmacists to enhance their vigilance and improve the safety of apalutamide in clinical practice.
Integrating defense and leaf economic spectrum traits in a tropical savanna plant
Authors: Mohanbabu Neha , Veldhuis Michiel P. , Jung Dana , Ritchie Mark E. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAllocation to plant defense traits likely depends on resource supply, herbivory, and other plant functional traits such as the leaf economic spectrum (LES) traits. Yet, attempts to integrate defense and resource acquisitive traits remain elusive.MethodsWe assessed intraspecific covariation between different defense and LES traits in a widely distributed tropical savanna herb, Solanum incanum, a unique model species for studying allocations to physical, chemical, and structural defenses to mammalian herbivory.ResultsWe found that in a multivariate trait space, the structural defenses - lignin and cellulose - were positively related to the resource conservative traits - low SLA and low leaf N. Phenolic content, a chemical defense, was positively associated with resource acquisitive traits - high SLA and high leaf N - while also being associated with an independent third component axis. Both principal components 1 and 3 were not associated with resource supply and herbivory intensity. In contrast, spine density - a physical defense - was orthogonal to the LES axis and positively associated with soil P and herbivory intensity.DiscussionThese results suggest a hypothesized “pyramid” of trade-offs in allocation to defense along the LES and herbivory intensity axes. Therefore, future attempts to integrate defense traits with the broader plant functional trait framework, such as the LES, needs a multifaceted approach that accounts for unique influences of resource acquisitive traits and herbivory risk.
Examining the automaticity and symmetry of sound–shape correspondences
Authors: Chen Yi-Chuan , Huang Pi-Chun 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionA classic example of sound–shape correspondences is the mapping of the vowel /i/ with angular patterns and the vowel /u/ with rounded patterns. Such crossmodal correspondences have been reliably reported when tested in explicit matching tasks. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether such sound–shape correspondences automatically occur and bidirectionally modulate people’s perception. We address this question by adopting the explicit matching task and two implicit tasks.MethodsIn Experiment 1, we examined the sound–shape correspondences using the implicit association test (IAT), in which the sounds and shapes were both task-relevant, followed by an explicit matching task. In Experiments 2 and 3, we adopted the speeded classification task; when the target was a sound (or shape), a task-irrelevant shape (or sound) that was congruent or incongruent to the target was simultaneously presented. In addition, the participants performed the explicit matching task either before or after the speeded classification task.Results and DiscussionThe congruency effect was more pronounced in the IAT than in the speeded classification task; in addition, a bin analysis of RTs revealed that the congruency effect took time to develop. These findings suggest that the sound–shape correspondences were not completely automatic. The magnitude and onset of visual and auditory congruency effects were comparable, suggesting that the crossmodal modulations were symmetrical. Taken together, the sound–shape correspondences appeared not to be completely automatic, but their modulation was bidirectionally symmetrical once it occurred.
Stories of self, us, and now: narrative and power for health equity in grassroots community organizing
Authors: Haapanen Krista A. , Christens Brian D. , Freeman Hannah E. , Speer Paul W. , Crowell-Williamson Gavin A. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCommunity organizing initiatives, which build power through cycles of listening, participatory research, collective action, and reflection, have demonstrated the capacity to intervene on, complicate, and resist dominant societal narratives while promoting alternative public narratives focused on shared values and hope for a better future.MethodsTo explore processes of public narrative change and their relationship to community and organizational empowerment, we interviewed 35 key leaders in community organizing initiatives in Detroit, MI and Cincinnati, OH about how narrative change takes place within community organizing practices.ResultsLeaders’ perspectives revealed crucial roles for narrative and storytelling in guiding individual and collective behavior, supporting the development of relationships of trust and accountability, and linking personal and collective experiences to pressing social issues.DiscussionFindings from this study indicate that systemic change is a labor-intensive process and one that requires the development of leaders (stories of self) and the cultivation of collective structures (stories of us) capable of enacting power to effect change with urgency (stories of now). We conclude by discussing implications of these findings for public narrative interventions and related health equity promotion efforts.
Prevention of the social isolation of older persons: the impact of community environmental satisfaction on social isolation
Authors: Ma Sen , Lou Gang , Duan Yifan 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundTo explore how to prevent the social isolation of the older adult, this study constructed a model of the influence of community environmental satisfaction on the social isolation of the older adult from the three dimensions of environmental facilities, transportation, and supporting facilities around the community. Methods: The social network scale and environmental satisfaction scale were used to collect the sample data of nine communities in Xi’an, and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to analyze the data and test the model.Results(1) Environmental facilities, transportation, and community surrounding facilities promoted community environment satisfaction (R2 = 0.904). Among them, environmental facilities (β = 0.869) had the greatest impact on community environmental satisfaction, followed by transportation (β = 0.118), and surrounding facilities (β = 0.084) had the least impact on community environmental satisfaction. (2) Environmental satisfaction had a direct positive impact on social isolation. Among them, the impact of environmental satisfaction on friend isolation (R2 = 0.895, β = 0.829) was greater than that on family isolation (R2 = 0.718, β = 0.747).ConclusionEnvironmental satisfaction can directly affect the social isolation of the older adult in the community and can be used as an intermediate variable of environmental facilities, transportation, and surrounding facilities in the community so that it can indirectly affect the social isolation of the older adult. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the design of aging environments in the future.
Allele distribution and phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the urine, stool, animals, and environments of patients with presumptive urinary tract infection in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakyoma Adam A. , Kidenya Benson R. , Minja Caroline A. , Mushi Martha F. , Sandeman Alison , Sabiti Wilber , Holden Mathew T. G. , Mshana Stephen E. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAdditional antimicrobial resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli exhausts treatment options. We investigated allele distribution and resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin among ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from the urine, stool, animals, and environments of presumptive urinary tract infection (UTI) patients, in order to gain a crucial insight toward devising prevention and control measures and treatment guidelines.MethodsArchived ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from the urine, stool, animals, and surrounding environments of presumptive UTI patients were retrieved. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were done followed by multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, to determine ESBL allele distribution. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17.ResultsA total of 472 confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Mwanza 243 (51.5%), Kilimanjaro 143 (30.3%), and Mbeya 86 (18.2%) were analyzed. Of these, 75 (15.9%) were from urine, 199 (42.2%) from stool, 58 (12.3%) from rectal/cloaca swabs of animals, and 140 (29.7%) from surrounding environments. Out of the 472 ESBL-producing E. coli, 98.9% (467) had at least one ESBL allele. The most frequent allele was blaCTX-M, which was detected in 88.1% (416/472) of isolates, followed by the blaTEM allele, which was detected in 51.5% (243/472) of isolates. A total of 40.7% (192/472) of isolates harbored dual blaCTX-M + blaTEMalleles and only 0.2% (1/472) of isolates had dual blaCTX-M + blaSHValleles, whereas 2.3% (11/472) of isolates had a combination of all three alleles (blaCTX-M + blaTEM + blaSHV). None of the isolates harbored a combination of blaTEM + blaSHVonly. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was observed in 70.8% (334/472) and 46.0% (217/472) of isolates, respectively. There was a significant difference in the distribution of resistance to ciprofloxacin as well as gentamicin among ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from various sources (p-value &lt; 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).ConclusionAlmost all ESBL-producing E. coli isolates carry blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV either alone or in combination, with the most common allele being blaCTX-M.The resistance to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, which are frontline antibiotics for UTIs among ESBL-producing E. coli, is high. This implies the need to continually revise the local guidelines used for optimal empirical therapy for UTIs, and for continual research and surveillance using one health approach.
Discrepancies in perception of fall risk between patients with subacute stroke and physical therapists in a rehabilitation hospital: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Inoue Seigo , Otaka Yohei , Horimoto Yukari , Shirooka Hidehiko , Sugasawa Masafumi , Kondo Kunitsugu 
Published: June 2023

Objective: Falls are one of the most common complications of a stroke. This study aimed to clarify the discrepancy between the perceived fall risk of hospitalized patients with stroke and the clinical judgment of physical therapists and to examine the changes in discrepancy during hospitalization.Design: Retrospective cohort study.Patients: This study included 426 patients with stroke admitted to a Japanese convalescent rehabilitation hospital between January 2019 and December 2020.Methods: The Falls Efficacy Scale-International was used to assess both patients’ and physical therapists’ perception of fall risk. The difference in Falls Efficacy Scale-International scores assessed by patients and physical therapists was defined as the discrepancy in fall risk, and its association with the incidence of falls during hospitalization was investigated.Results: Patients had a lower perception of fall risk than physical therapists at admission (p &lt; 0.001), and this trend continued at discharge (p &lt; 0.001). The discrepancy in fall risk perception was reduced at discharge for non-fallers and single fallers (p &lt; 0.001), whereas the difference remained in multiple fallers.Conclusion: Unlike physical therapists, patients underestimated their fall risk, especially patients who experienced multiple falls. These results may be useful for planning measures to prevent falls during hospitalization.
Cytokine-induced killer cell treatment is superior to chemotherapy alone in esophageal cancer
Authors: Sun Jiayang , Sun Yushu , Miniderima  , Wang Xiumei 
Published: June 2023

Background: The therapeutic efficacy of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells versus dendritic cells (DC) co-cultured with CIK cells (DC-CIK) in treating esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear due to the absence of a direct comparison of these two regimens. This study evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of CIK cells versus DC-CIK using network meta-analysis in treating EC.Material and methods: We identified eligible studies from previous meta-analyses, then conducted an updated search to retrieve additional trials between February 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcomes included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR), and the secondary outcomes included quality of life improved rate (QLIR) and adverse events (AEs). A network meta-analysis of 12 studies was conducted using ADDIS software.Results: Twelve studies were identified, including six comparing CIK or DC-CIK plus chemotherapy (CT) with CT alone. Immunotherapy plus CT significantly improved overall survival (OS) (odds ratio [OR] 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–13.69), objective response rate (ORR) (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.79–4.11), disease control rate (DCR) (OR 3.45, 95% CI 2.32–5.14), and quality of life improvement rate (QLIR) (OR 3.54, 95% CI 2.31–5.41). DC-CIK+CT decreased the risk of leukopenia compared with CT alone. However, no statistical difference was detected between CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT.Conclusion: Based on the available evidence, we concluded that CIK cell treatment is superior to CT alone, but CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT may be comparable in treating EC. However, comparing CIK-CT and DC-CIK+CT is only based on indirect evidence, so it is undoubtedly necessary to conduct studies to compare CIK-CT with DC-CIK+CT in EC patients directly.