bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential roles of abscisic acid in maize roots in the adaptation to soil drought
Authors: Xu Yunji , Qian Xiyang , Li Ke , Zhou Tianyang , Tian Yinfang , Yuan Limin , Wang Zhiqin , Yang Jianchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaize yield reduction occurs frequently due to soil drought. Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important hormonal signal indicating drought. However, it remains unclear about the specific roles of root ABA in the adaptation to soil drought in maize. This study applied five different soil water potentials (SWP), referring to maintaining SWP at −15, −30, −45, −60, and −75 kPa, respectively, and investigated the ABA content in roots and the activities and gene expression levels of key enzymes involved in the ABA biosynthesis, the leaf photosynthetic properties, root traits, and kernel yield. The results showed that maize root ABA content, the activities and gene expressions of key enzymes involved in the ABA biosynthesis were increased with the decrease of SWP. The leaf transpiration rate, and root dry weight, length, volume, surface area, and activity, and kernel yield of maize were increased first and then decreased with the severity of soil drying. The leaf photosynthetic rate was not significantly reduced with ABA accumulation at a low ABA content in roots. Root ABA content was significantly positively correlated with leaf transpiration efficiency and root activity when ABA content was relatively low (9.03–22.02 nmol g−1 DW), whereas root ABA content was negatively correlated with leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration efficiency, root volume, and root activity when ABA content was high (28.32–39.23 nmol g−1 DW). The results indicate that maize root ABA exhibit differential roles in the adaptation to soil drought, and can positively regulate the drought‐resistance of maize at an appropriate level.
A systematic review of specialty dementia care units in long‐term care settings
Authors: Orth Jessica , Flowers Devon , Betz Gail , Cagle John G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are common among nursing home residents. Yet, conclusive evidence regarding best care practices among this population is lacking. Objectives of this systematic review were to explore features of dementia specialty care units (DSCUs) in long‐term care settings and examine benefits for residents, staff, families, and facilities.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO were searched to identify articles involving DSCUs in long‐term care settings published in English with full text available between 01.01.2008 and 06.03.2022. Articles containing empirical data about ADRD special care in long‐term care settings were included in the review. Articles focused on clinic‐based or out‐patient dementia care programs (e.g., adult day care) were excluded. Articles were categorized based on geography (U.S. vs. international) and study design: interventions, descriptive studies, or comparison studies (traditional vs. specialty ADRD care).ResultsOur review included 38 U.S. articles and 54 articles from 15 international countries. In the U.S., 12 intervention, 13 descriptive, and 13 comparison studies met the inclusion criteria. Articles from international countries included 22 intervention, 20 descriptive, and 12 comparison studies. Results were mixed in terms of the efficacy of DSCUs. Promising DSCU features include small‐scale settings, dementia‐educated staff, and multidisciplinary approaches to care.ConclusionOverall, our review did not find conclusive evidence regarding the benefits of DSCUs in long‐term care settings. No rigorous study designs were found examining ‘special’ features of DSCUs and associations with outcomes among residents, family, staff, and the facility. Randomized clinical trials are needed to disentangle the ‘special’ features of DSCUs.
Development of an objective method to quantify hippocampal dentation
Authors: Kilpattu Ramaniharan Anandh , Parpura Vuga , Zhang Mike Weng , Martin Roy , Ver Hoef Lawrence 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHippocampal dentation (HD) refers to a series of ridges (dentes) seen on the inferior aspect of the hippocampus. The degree of HD varies dramatically across healthy individuals, and hippocampal pathology may result in loss of HD. Existing studies show associations between HD and memory performance in healthy adults as well as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. However, until now studies relied on visual assessment of HD as no objective methods to quantify HD have been described. In this work, we describe a method to objectively quantify HD by transforming the characteristic 3D surface morphology of HD into a simplified 2D plot for which area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. This was applied to T1w scans of 59 TLE subjects, each with one epileptic hippocampus and one normal appearing hippocampus. Results showed that AUC significantly correlated with the number of dentes based on visual inspection (p < .05) and correctly sorted a set of hippocampi from least to most prominently dentated. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was nearly perfect (ICC ≥ 0.99). AUC values were significantly lower in epileptic hippocampi compared to contralateral hippocampi (p = .00019), consistent with previously published findings. In the left TLE group, the AUC values from the contralateral hippocampi showed a positive trend (p = .07) with verbal memory acquisition scores but was not statistically significant. The proposed approach is the first objective, quantitative measurement of dentation described in the literature. The AUC values numerically capture the complex surface contour information of HD and will enable future study of this interesting morphologic feature.
Single‐value scores of memory‐related brain activity reflect dissociable neuropsychological and anatomical signatures of neurocognitive aging
Authors: Richter Anni , Soch Joram , Kizilirmak Jasmin M. , Fischer Larissa , Schütze Hartmut , Assmann Anne , Behnisch Gusalija , Feldhoff Hannah , Knopf Lea , Raschick Matthias , Schult Annika , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Yakupov Renat , Düzel Emrah , Schott Björn H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMemory‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations show age‐related differences across multiple brain regions that can be captured in summary statistics like single‐value scores. Recently, we described two single‐value scores reflecting deviations from prototypical whole‐brain fMRI activity of young adults during novelty processing and successful encoding. Here, we investigate the brain‐behavior associations of these scores with age‐related neurocognitive changes in 153 healthy middle‐aged and older adults. All scores were associated with episodic recall performance. The memory network scores, but not the novelty network scores, additionally correlated with medial temporal gray matter and other neuropsychological measures including flexibility. Our results thus suggest that novelty‐network‐based fMRI scores show high brain‐behavior associations with episodic memory and that encoding‐network‐based fMRI scores additionally capture individual differences in other aging‐related functions. More generally, our results suggest that single‐value scores of memory‐related fMRI provide a comprehensive measure of individual differences in network dysfunction that may contribute to age‐related cognitive decline.
Improving the quality and safety of radiology reporting: A prospective audit of discrepancies among consultant radiologists
Authors: Connor Jenny , Graham Yitka , McGarry Ken , Hayes Catherine , Mehrotra Pallavi , Cox Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine discrepancy rates over multiple annual cycles in reporting by consultant radiologists for the interpretation of acute Computerized Tomography (CT) examinations.MethodsA prospective audit with peer review and second reading of acute CT scans was implemented in one radiology department in the UK. A longitudinal audit over 5 years was performed to determine the discrepancy rate of acute and emergency CT scans conducted on weekends. The examinations comprised CT head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis, CT Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder (CT KUB), and CT angiography scans. Discrepancies were scored as no discrepancy (zero), minor discrepancy (one), moderate discrepancy (two), or significant discrepancy (three). Seventeen consultants took part in the audit as primary reporters and second readers. All consultants were on‐call radiologists, and the allocation of cases was randomized depending on the on‐call rota. Results were reported annually to one consultant radiologist.ResultsA significant discrepancy rate of 1.2% (p = 0.026) was found for consultant radiologists, interpreting acute CT examinations based on 2951 s read CT scans.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to establish significant discrepancy rates among consultant radiologists, interpreting acute CT examinations over time.
A hybrid approach to assess the structural impact of long noncoding RNA mutations uncovers key NEAT1 interactions in colorectal cancer
Authors: Aydın Efe , Saus Ester , Chorostecki Uciel , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging players in cancer and they entail potential as prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Earlier studies have identified somatic mutations in lncRNAs that are associated with tumor relapse after therapy, but the underlying mechanisms behind these associations remain unknown. Given the relevance of secondary structure for the function of some lncRNAs, some of these mutations may have a functional impact through structural disturbance. Here, we examined the potential structural and functional impact of a novel A > G point mutation in NEAT1 that has been recurrently observed in tumors of colorectal cancer patients experiencing relapse after treatment. Here, we used the nextPARS structural probing approach to provide first empirical evidence that this mutation alters NEAT1 structure. We further evaluated the potential effects of this structural alteration using computational tools and found that this mutation likely alters the binding propensities of several NEAT1‐interacting miRNAs. Differential expression analysis on these miRNA networks shows upregulation of Vimentin, consistent with previous findings. We propose a hybrid pipeline that can be used to explore the potential functional effects of lncRNA somatic mutations.
National Health Insurance Scheme and household welfare: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Kofinti Raymond Elikplim , Annim Samuel Kobina , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effect of the National Health Insurance Scheme on household poverty and basic asset accumulation using the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. We corrected the endogeneity and sample selection bias associated with subscription to the scheme. The estimates show that health insurance subscription reduces household poverty and has a positive asset accumulation effect on households. The results show consistency in decreasing poverty more among rural households. We identify an increase in the coverage of health services needed by households in the health insurance scheme as a potential channel through which subscription could smoothen household welfare.
Anti‐CD30 (Ber‐H2) epitope requires structural elements as shown by mass spectroscopy and dual‐site associated kinetics
Authors: Warren Phillip Daniel , Smith Margaret Helfrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Ber‐H2 mouse monoclonal antibody has been in use for 35 years for detecting the CD‐30 biomarker in a variety of lymphomas. Despite the wide use of this clone, we have not been successful in applying synthetic peptides derived from the published epitope sequence and affinity data toward the development of a new Ber‐H2‐based in vitro diagnostic reagent assay. We found that synthetic peptides based on the published epitope sequence do not function to inhibit antibody‐binding activity, thus indicating that the sequence is not the full epitope recognized by Ber‐H2. In this report, we used mass spectroscopic analysis of proteolyzed CD30 fragments capable of binding Ber‐H2 to identify additional regions within the epitope that participate in binding. Using surface plasmon resonance binding kinetic analyses and immuno‐histochemical peptide‐inhibition assays, we also demonstrate that the epitope sequence as originally reported is missing two key elements necessary for binding the Ber‐H2 antibody.
Evaluation of Hypoxia in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using QuantitativeMRI: Significances, Challenges, and Advances
Authors: Chen Meicheng , Zhou Xiaoqi , Cai Huasong , Li Di , Song Chenyu , You Huayu , Ma Ruixia , Dong Zhi , Peng Zhenpeng , Feng Shi‐Ting 
Published: March 2023

This review aimed to perform a scoping review of promising MRI methods in assessing tumor hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hypoxic microenvironment and upregulated hypoxic metabolism in HCC are determining factors of poor prognosis, increased metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Assessing hypoxia in HCC is essential for personalized therapy and predicting prognoses. Oxygen electrodes, protein markers, optical imaging, and positron emission tomography can evaluate tumor hypoxia. These methods lack clinical applicability because of invasiveness, tissue depth, and radiation exposure. MRI methods, including blood oxygenation level‐dependent, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, diffusion‐weighted imaging, MRI spectroscopy, chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI, and multinuclear MRI, are promising noninvasive methods that evaluate the hypoxic microenvironment by observing biochemical processes in vivo, which may inform on therapeutic options. This review summarizes the recent challenges and advances in MRI techniques for assessing hypoxia in HCC and highlights the potential of MRI methods for examining the hypoxic microenvironment via specific metabolic substrates and pathways. Although the utilization of MRI methods for evaluating hypoxia in patients with HCC is increasing, rigorous validation is needed in order to translate these MRI methods into clinical use. Due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of current quantitative MRI methods, their acquisition and analysis protocols require further improvement.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 4.
Impact of fracture‐prone implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads on long‐term patient mortality
Authors: Koike Toshiharu , Shoda Morio , Ejima Koichiro , Yagishita Daigo , Suzuki Atsushi , Hasegawa Shun , Kataoka Shohei , Yazaki Kyoichiro , Higuchi Satoshi , Kanai Miwa , Yamaguchi Junichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term relationship between fracture‐prone implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) leads and poor prognosis remains unclear in Japanese patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of the records of 445 patients who underwent implantation of advisory/Linox leads (Sprint Fidelis, 118; Riata, nine; Isoline, 10; Linox S/SD, 45) and non‐advisory leads (Endotak Reliance, 33; Durata, 199; Sprint non‐Fidelis, 31) between January 2005 and June 2012 at our hospital. The primary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and ICD lead failure. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, heart failure (HF) hospitalization, and the composite outcome of cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalization.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (median, 8.6 [4.1–12.0] years), there were 152 deaths: 61 (34%) in patients with advisory/Linox leads and 91 (35%) in those with non‐advisory leads. There were 32 ICD lead failures: 27 (15%) in patients with advisory/Linox leads and five (2%) in those with non‐advisory leads. Multivariate analysis for ICD lead failure demonstrated that the advisory/Linox leads had a 6.65‐fold significantly greater risk of ICD lead failure than non‐advisory leads. Congenital heart disease (hazard ratio 2.51; 95% confidence interval 1.08–5.83; p = .03) could also independently predict ICD lead failure. Multivariate analysis for all‐cause mortality demonstrated no significant association between advisory/Linox leads and all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsPatients who have implanted fracture‐prone ICD leads should be carefully followed up for ICD lead failure. However, these patients have a long‐term survival rate comparable with that of patients with non‐advisory ICD leads in Japanese patients.
Revision Rates and Symptom Trends Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Impact of Race on Outcomes
Authors: Hentati Firas , Kim Jaehee , Hoying David , D'Anza Brian , Rodriguez Kenneth 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the impact of demographics and sinonasal comorbidities on the revision rate of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).BackgroundAlthough endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is often successful in providing long‐term relief for patients suffering from CRS, revision surgery can occur. There is conflicting literature on the impact of race on FESS outcomes.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study of patients that underwent FESS for CRS between January 1, 2015 and June 1, 2021 at a single tertiary care academic center.ResultsA total of 682 patients between the ages of 18 and 89 underwent primary ESS between January 1, 2015 and June 1, 2021 and were included in this study. Of these patients, 388 (56.9%) were female, with an average age of 48.6 ± 16.7. Thirty‐eight patients (5.6%) underwent revision sinus surgery during the study period. Patients that identified as White had significantly lower rates of revision sinus surgery (4.1%) than non‐White patients (10.7%), including those identifying as Asian, Black, multiracial, or other. On multivariate analysis, non‐White race (OR 4.933), polyposis (3.175), and high preoperative SNOT‐22 scores (OR 1.029) were independently associated with revision sinus surgery. The mean preoperative SNOT‐22 for all participants was 39.1 ± 22.0, whereas the mean postoperative SNOT‐22 was 20.6 ± 17.5 (p < 0.001).ConclusionRace plays an important role in outcomes following revision sinus surgery that is independent of location and insurance status. More studies are required to assess the reason race plays an important role in outcomes following revision sinus surgery.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2878–2884, 2023
Facile Fabrication of Fluorescent Cellulose with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristic in a CO2 Switchable Solvent
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Yi , Xu Yiting , Yu Xiaobo , Fang Yajin , Liu Fei , Na Haining , Zhu Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFabrication of fluorescent cellulose with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is usually achieved by grafting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) to the cellulose backbone using TPE derivatives with highly active functional groups such as carboxylic, isothiocyanate, and alkynyl groups. However, besides the complicated synthetic routes of these TPE derivatives, conversion of hydroxyl groups in the cellulose chain to more reactive groups such as amine or azide groups is usually involved, and the resulting products have a degree of substitution (DS) of TPE lower than 0.08. Herein, a facile one‐pot strategy for the grafting of a TPE group to the cellulose backbone with high DS of up to 0.22 in a CO2 switchable solvent under mild reaction conditions is reported. The hydroxyl groups in the cellulose are in situ converted to cellulose carbonate intermediately during the dissolution step. Subsequently, nucleophilic substitution between the intermediate and a halogenated TPE derivative with bromine atom as leaving group is carried out to achieve the effective grafting of TPE. The synthetic route for this promising TPE derivative is much more convenient than those of TPE derivatives reported in previous studies. This work suggests a new and facile pathway for the synthesis of high‐emission fluorescent cellulose with AIE functionality.
Technical note: Angular dependence in fiber optic dosimetry using YVO4:Eu3+
Authors: Martínez Nahuel , Fernández Yohanna , Machello Soledad , Molina Pablo , Massa José , Santiago Martín 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFiber optic dosimetry (FOD) has emerged as a useful technique that can be used in those cases when intracavitary, real time, high spatial resolution dose assessment is required. Among the several factors characterizing a dosimeter, angular response of FOD probes has to be assessed in order to consider possible clinical application.PurposeThe objective of this study was to characterize the angular response of a FOD probe based on a cylindrical shaped YVO4:Eu3+ scintillator under irradiation with a 6 MV photon beam generated by a linear accelerator (LINAC).MethodsA FOD probe was irradiated inside a plastic phantom using a 6 MV LINAC photon beam at different azimuthal angles (0° to 360°, 15° steps). Scintillation output was measured with a photomultiplier tube. Similar measurements were performed with a second FOD probe having an optical filter interposed between the scintillator and the fiber. Monte Carlo simulations using PENELOPE were carried out in order to interpret the observed results.ResultsThe FOD output was symmetrical with respect to the scintillator axis. For the unfiltered probe, the signal was maximum at rear incidence (0°) and steadily decreased down to its minimum value at frontal incidence (180°) having a signal ratio of 37%. The output of the filtered probe showed a plateau from 15° up to 115°. The signal was maximum at 60° and minimum at 180° having a signal ratio of 16%. Monte Carlo simulations predicted symmetry of the deposited dose about 0° and 90°, which contrasts with experimental findings.ConclusionsPhotoluminescence (PL) of the scintillator induced by the Cherenkov light increases the angular dependence. Radiation attenuation inside the scintillator and partial light collection of the scintillation yield by the optical fiber (OF) are responsible for asymmetrical response. Results from this study should be considered in order to minimize angular dependence in FOD.