bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radical resection after endoscopic diagnosis of the extent of bile duct invasion: A case report
Authors: Sato Yudai , Tadokoro Tomoko , Yamana Hiroki , Akai Hiraki , Takuma Kei , Fujita Naoki , Nakahara Mai , Oura Kyoko , Fujita Koji , Tani Joji , Kamada Hideki , Morishita Asahiro , Kobara Hideki , Kagawa Seiko , Haba Reiji , Okano Keiichi , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma invasion of the bile duct is rare and has a poor prognosis. A 77‐year‐old man presented at the emergency department with persistent pain in the right hypochondrium. Blood tests and imaging studies revealed a 70‐mm occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. He was diagnosed with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. Imaging studies showed an internal mass with poor contrast effects. A liver biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was suspected. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, and peroral cholangioscopy were performed to determine the treatment strategy. The bile duct invasion did not extend to the porta hepatis; therefore, right hepatic lobectomy and radical resection were performed. Bile duct invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma is rare and often difficult to diagnose by computed tomography or conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, endoscopic ultrasound and peroral cholangioscopy enable safe and accurate diagnosis of the extent of invasion.
LC‐MS/MS analysis of erythrocyte phosphatidylethanol in haematocrit‐corrected whole blood versus isolated erythrocytes: Results of an inter‐laboratory comparison
Authors: White Daniel , Fitzpatrick Michael , McWhinney Brett , Salman Sam , Joyce David A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a non‐oxidative metabolite of alcohol (ethanol), which is a sensitive and specific indicator of historic ethanol consumption. Although PEth production from ethanol is catalysed by the ubiquitous enzyme phospholipase D, it resides mainly within the erythrocyte compartment of the blood. PEth analysis has been reported in different preparations of whole blood, representing one of the barriers of inter‐laboratory comparisons. We previously reported that expressing PEth concentrations in terms of blood erythrocyte content is more sensitive than whole blood volume, and haematocrit‐corrected liquid whole blood calculations of erythrocyte PEth and isolated erythrocyte PEth concentrations are comparable when assayed under identical analytical conditions. Acceptance of a clinical diagnostic assay by accreditation bodies requires proficiency testing with a third‐party analytical facility. To explore different blood preparations within the same inter‐laboratory program, 60 matched isolated erythrocyte or liquid whole blood specimens were tested at three laboratories. Laboratories measured PEth by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), two using isolated erythrocytes, while the third used liquid whole blood, which underwent haematocrit correction before comparison with isolated erythrocyte PEth concentrations. There was acceptable consensus (87%) among laboratories to detect PEth around a cut‐off of 35 μg/L of erythrocytes. Each laboratory correlated well with the group average PEth concentration (R > 0.98) for each specimen above the cut‐off. Differences were observed between laboratories in bias, which did not affect comparable sensitivity at the selected cut‐off. This work demonstrates the feasibility of an inter‐laboratory comparison for erythrocyte PEth analysis across different LC‐MS/MS methodologies and different blood preparations.
Scavenging patterns of an inbred wolf population in a landscape with a pulse of human‐provided carrion
Authors: Wikenros Camilla , Di Bernardi Cecilia , Zimmermann Barbara , Åkesson Mikael , Demski Maike , Flagstad Øystein , Mattisson Jenny , Tallian Aimee , Wabakken Petter , Sand Håkan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractScavenging is an important part of food acquisition for many carnivore species that switch between scavenging and predation. In landscapes with anthropogenic impact, humans provide food that scavenging species can utilize. We quantified the magnitude of killing versus scavenging by gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Scandinavia where humans impact the ecosystem through hunter harvest, land use practices, and infrastructure. We investigated the cause of death of different animals utilized by wolves, and examined how the proportion of their consumption time spent scavenging was influenced by season, wolf social affiliation, level of inbreeding, density of moose (Alces alces) as their main prey, density of brown bear (Ursus arctos) as an intraguild competitor, and human density. We used data from 39 GPS‐collared wolves covering 3198 study days (2001–2019), including 14,205 feeding locations within space–time clusters, and 1362 carcasses utilized by wolves. Most carcasses were wolf‐killed (80.5%) while a small part had died from other natural causes (1.9%). The remaining had either anthropogenic mortality causes (4.7%), or the cause of death was unknown (12.9%). Time spent scavenging was higher during winter than during summer and autumn. Solitary wolves spent more time scavenging than pack‐living individuals, likely because individual hunting success is lower than pack success. Scavenging time increased with the mean inbreeding coefficient of the adult wolves, possibly indicating that more inbred individuals resort to scavenging, which requires less body strength. There was weak evidence for competition between wolves and brown bears as well as a positive relationship between human density and time spent scavenging. This study shows how both intrinsic and extrinsic factors drive wolf scavenging behavior, and that despite a high level of inbreeding and access to carrion of anthropogenic origin, wolves mainly utilized their own kills.
Effect of Elettaria cardamomum L. on hormonal changes and spermatogenesis in the propylthiouracil‐induced hypothyroidism male BALB/c mice
Authors: Atabaki Bahar , Mirazi Naser , Hosseini Abdolkarim , Sarihi Abdolrahman , Izadi Zahra , Nourian Alireza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionSpermatogenesis is significantly influenced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid disorders can be caused by a variety of factors. Traditionally, Ellettaria cardamomum has been used to treat a variety of ailments. The effects of E. cardamomum extract (ECE) on spermatogenesis in hypothyroid mice were investigated in this study.MethodsIn this study 42 male mice, weighing (25–35 g) were randomly divided in six groups: control group (taking normal saline, 0.5 mL/day, by oral gavage [P.O.]), hypothyroid group (taking 0.1% propylthiouracil in drinking water for 2 weeks), hypothyroid groups treated by levothyroxine (15 mg/kg/day, P.O.) and hypothyroid groups treated by ECE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, P.O.). After the end of experiments the mice were anaesthetised and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis.ResultsThe sperm count and microscopic studies of testes were done also. Our results showed that the T3, T4, testosterone levels and spermatogenesis in hypothyroid animals decreased and thyroid‐stimulating hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone increased compared with control group. Treatment by ECE reverse these effects in comparison with hypothyroid group.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, the ECE may stimulates thyroid gland function and increases testosterone and spermatogenesis.
Prediction models for heart failure in the community: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nadarajah Ramesh , Younsi Tanina , Romer Elizabeth , Raveendra Keerthenan , Nakao Yoko M. , Nakao Kazuhiro , Shuweidhi Farag , Hogg David C. , Arbel Ronen , Zahger Doron , Iakobishvili Zaza , Fonarow Gregg C. , Petrie Mark C. , Wu Jianhua , Gale Chris P. 
Published: July 2023

AimsMultivariable prediction models can be used to estimate risk of incident heart failure (HF) in the general population. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to determine the performance of models.Methods and resultsFrom inception to 3 November 2022 MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies of multivariable models derived, validated and/or augmented for HF prediction in community‐based cohorts. Discrimination measures for models with c‐statistic data from ≥3 cohorts were pooled by Bayesian meta‐analysis, with heterogeneity assessed through a 95% prediction interval (PI). Risk of bias was assessed using PROBAST. We included 36 studies with 59 prediction models. In meta‐analysis, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) risk score (summary c‐statistic 0.802, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.707–0.883), GRaph‐based Attention Model (GRAM; 0.791, 95% CI 0.677–0.885), Pooled Cohort equations to Prevent Heart Failure (PCP‐HF) white men model (0.820, 95% CI 0.792–0.843), PCP‐HF white women model (0.852, 95% CI 0.804–0.895), and REverse Time AttentIoN model (RETAIN; 0.839, 95% CI 0.748–0.916) had a statistically significant 95% PI and excellent discrimination performance. The ARIC risk score and PCP‐HF models had significant summary discrimination among cohorts with a uniform prediction window. 77% of model results were at high risk of bias, certainty of evidence was low, and no model had a clinical impact study.ConclusionsPrediction models for estimating risk of incident HF in the community demonstrate excellent discrimination performance. Their usefulness remains uncertain due to high risk of bias, low certainty of evidence, and absence of clinical effectiveness research.
An interpretable ensemble method for deep representation learning
Authors: Jiang Kai , Xiong Zheli , Yang Qichong , Chen Jianpeng , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn representation learning domain, the mainstream methods for model ensemble include “implicit” ensemble approaches, such as using techniques like dropout, and “explicit” ensemble methods, such as voting or weighted averaging based on multiple model outputs. Compared to implicit ensemble techniques, explicit ensemble methods allow for more flexibility in combining models with different structures to obtain different perspectives on representations. However, the representations obtained from different models do not guarantee a linear relationship, and simply linearly combining multiple model outputs may result in a degraded performance. Meanwhile, employing non‐linear fusion mechanisms such as distillation and meta‐learning can be uninterpretable and time‐consuming. To this end, we propose the hypothesis of linear fusion based on the output representations of deep learning models, and design a interpretable linear fusion method based on this hypothesis. This method applies a transform layer to map the output representations of different models to the same classification center. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to directly averaging the representations, our method achieves better performance. Additionally, our method retains the convenience of direct averaging while offering improved performance in terms of time and computational efficiency compared to non‐linear fusion. Furthermore, we test the applicability of our method in both computer vision and natural language processing representation tasks using supervised and semi‐supervised approaches.
Multi‐channel response reconstruction using transformer based generative adversarial network
Authors: Zheng Wenhao , Li Jun , Li Qilin , Hao Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate measurement data are a basic prerequisite for effective structural health monitoring (SHM). However, data loss are inevitable in the long‐term monitoring of large‐scale structures. To solve this problem, this research proposes a transformer‐based generative adversarial network (GAN) to reconstruct lost measurements from observed measurements. The generator of GAN is an encoder‐decoder structure using transformer as the backbone combined with discrete wavelet transform. Skip connections are used between the encoder part and decoder part to promote multi‐scale information flow. A novel discriminator is designed to assess the reality of wavelet spectra of reconstructed samples. To deceive the discriminator, the generator must generate samples that are accurate over the full frequency band. The developed model is used to reconstruct linear responses of a footbridge under pedestrian excitations and nonlinear responses of a suspension bridge under typhoon events. Experimental results demonstrate that lost responses can be reconstructed accurately, even when a large proportion of data are lost. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further verified by comparing the reconstruction accuracy of the proposed model with those of other three state‐of‐the‐art models. The results demonstrate that an improved performance of applying the proposed approach for dynamic structural response reconstruction is achieved and validated with in‐field testing data under ambient and extreme excitation conditions.
Mechanism of flavonoids inhibiting xanthine oxidase and alleviating hyperuricemia from structure–activity relationship and animal experiments: A review
Authors: Xue Hui , Xu Meng , Gong Deming , Zhang Guowen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease caused by excessive uric acid in patients. Flavonoids have attracted extensive attention due to their safety, effectiveness, and little side effects in the treatment of HUA and inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. In this paper, the studies on the treatment of HUA and the inhibition of XO activity by flavonoids (including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, isoflavonoids, anthocyanins, and chalcones) were comprehensively reviewed from the aspects of structure–activity relationship and animal experiments. Results showed that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were the two most important forces involved in the interaction between flavonoids and XO. Flavonoids could combine with the hydrophobic cavity of XO to cause changes in XO structure and influence the action of enzyme and substrate, thereby decreasing the catalytic activity of XO. Moreover, flavonoids undergo a series of metabolic reactions in the organism, which plays a role in alleviating HUA by affecting the expression of related genes and proteins (e.g., glucose transporter 9, urate transporter 1, and organic anion transporter 1) in the kidneys, liver, and intestinal tract of the organism and changing the internal environment in organs. In addition, this paper provides new perspectives on the shortcomings of the current research, to promote the in‐depth development and application of flavonoids.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 beef carcass contamination and its antibiotic resistance in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tarekegn Aschalew Ayisheshim , Mitiku Birhan Agimas , Alemu Yeshwas Ferede 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEscherichia coli O157:H7 is a cause of foodborne disease and global public health issues especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional study was done from January 2022 to July 2022 in Awi Zone to assess the occurrence and antibiograms of E. coli O157:H7. Abattoirs and butcher shops were selected purposively, whereas a systematic random and purposive sampling technique was employed to select study units in abattoirs and butcher shops, respectively. A total of 248 swab samples were collected, isolated, and confirmed using bacteriological culture, biochemical tests, and latex agglutination tests. Escherichia coli O1157:H7 antibiogram tests were performed using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Logistic regression was used to analyze and measure the degree of association between the presumed risk factors and E. coli O157:H7 occurrence. The overall occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was estimated to be 8.87% and a relative higher (11.29%) occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 was recorded at butcher shops when compared to abattoirs (6.45%). All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin followed by chloramphenicol (81.81%). About 81.81% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and 77.23% of isolates developed resistance to two and more than two antibiotics (MDR). In conclusion, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in the study area. Thus, educating abattoir and butcher shop workers, and consumers, on hygienic handling practices and safe consumption of meat could eliminate foodborne infection associated with E. coli O157:H7 occurrence.
The suppression of the differentiation of adipocytes with Mallotus furetianus is regulated through the posttranslational modifications of C/EBPβ
Authors: Nakano Touko , Sasaki Yutaro , Norikura Toshio , Hosokawa Yusuke , Kasano Mayu , Matsui‐Yuasa Isao , Huang Xuedan , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Kojima‐Yuasa Akiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for various chronic diseases, especially lifestyle‐related diseases. Therefore, finding a protective substance against obesity and elucidating its molecular mechanism is one of the most important problems for improving human health. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effect of Mallotus furetianus extract (MFE). The aim of the study was to examine the in vivo and in vitro effects of MFE on lipid synthesis. We examined the effect using an in vivo experimental system with obesity model mice and an in vitro experimental system with 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. We found that the treatment of MFE significantly suppressed the increase in body weight and adipose tissue weight and morphological changes in the liver and adipose tissue of the obesity model mice. In the in vitro experimental system, we revealed that MFE treatment suppressed the expression of transcription factors such as C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ, which are involved in the early differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. As a result, the ability to synthesize triacylglycerol was suppressed. An interesting finding in this study was the clarification that MFE decreases the expression of C/EBPβ through post‐translation modifications (PTMs), followed by the transcriptional suppression of PPAR𝛾 and C/EBP𝛼.
A retrospective study of 222 patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma—Outcomes indicative for improved survival overtime
Authors: Bairey Osnat , Lebel Eyal , Buxbaum Chen , Porges Tzvika , Taliansky Alisa , Gurion Ronit , Goldschmidt Neta , Shina Tzahala Tzuk , Zektser Miri , Hofstetter Liron , Siegal Tali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.4/per 100,000 person‐years. As there is a limited number of prospective randomized trials in PCNSL, large retrospective studies on this rare disease may yield information that might prove useful for the future design of randomized clinical trials. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 222 newly diagnosed PCNSL patients treated in five referral centers in Israel between 2001 and 2020. During this period, combination therapy became the treatment of choice, rituximab has been added to the induction therapy, and consolidation with irradiation was largely laid off and was mostly replaced by high‐dose chemotherapy with or without autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC‐ASCT). Patients older than 60 comprised 67.5% of the study population. First‐line treatment included high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) in 94% of patients with a median MTX dose of 3.5 g/m2 (range 1.14–6 g/m2) and a median cycle number of 5 (range 1–16). Rituximab was given to 136 patients (61%) and consolidation treatment to 124 patients (58%). Patients treated after 2012 received significantly more treatment with HD‐MTX and rituximab, more consolidation treatments, and autologous stem cell transplantation. The overall response rate was 85% and the complete response (CR)/unconfirmed CR rate was 62.1%. After a median follow‐up of 24 months, the median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 21.9 and 43.5 months respectively with a significant improvement since 2012 (PFS: 12.5 vs. 34.2 p = 0.006 and OS: 19.9 vs. 77.3 p = 0.0003). A multivariate analysis found that the most important factors related to OS were obtaining a CR followed by rituximab treatment and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. The observed improvement in outcomes may be due to multiple components such as an intention to treat all patients regardless of age with HD‐MTX‐based combination chemotherapy, treatment in dedicated centers, and more aggressive consolidation with the introduction of HDC‐ASCT.
Brain photobiomodulation therapy on neurological and psychological diseases
Authors: Chamkouri Hossein , Liu Qi , Zhang Yuqin , Chen Changchun , Chen Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an innovative treatment for neurological and psychological conditions. Complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be stimulated by red light, which increases ATP synthesis. In addition, the ion channels' light absorption causes the release of Ca2+, which activates transcription factors and changes gene expression. Neuronal metabolism is improved by brain PBM therapy, which also promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis as well as anti‐inflammatory. Its depression‐treating potential is attracting attention for other conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dementia. Giving enough dosage for optimum stimulation using the transcranial PBM technique is challenging because of the rapidly increasing attenuation of light transmission in tissue. Different strategies like intranasal and intracranial light delivery systems have been proposed to overcome this restriction. The most recent preclinical and clinical data on the effectiveness of brain PBM therapy are studied in this review article.
Detection of fibrotic changes in the progression of liver diseases by label‐free multiphoton imaging
Authors: Huang Xingxin , Lian Yuan‐E , Qiu Lida , Yu XunBin , Zhan Zhenlin , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Xiong , Lin Hongxin , Xu Shuoyu , Chen Jianxin , Bai Yannan , Li Lianhuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollagen fibers play an important role in the progression of liver diseases. The formation and progression of liver fibrosis is a dynamic pathological process accompanied by morphological changes in collagen fibers. In this study, we used multiphoton microscopy for label‐free imaging of liver tissues, allowing direct detection of various components including collagen fibers, tumors, blood vessels, and lymphocytes. Then, we developed a deep learning classification model to automatically identify tumor regions, and the accuracy reaches 0.998. We introduced an automated image processing method to extract eight collagen morphological features from various stages of liver diseases. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between them, indicating the potential use of these quantitative features for monitoring fibrotic changes during the progression of liver diseases. Therefore, multiphoton imaging combined with automatic image processing method would hold a promising future in rapid and label‐free diagnosis of liver diseases.