bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Nursing Volunteer’s Personality Traits: A Motivational Perspective
Authors: Su Po-Hsi , Lin Jun-Dai 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The aim of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to determine the personality traits and motivation of nursing volunteers and their effects on pre-hospitalization emergency care.Method:Participants were 133 pre-hospital nursing volunteers from Taiwan. This study was performed using self-administered basic demographic information, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short (EPQ-RS), and Volunteer Motivation Scale with Chinese Volunteers (VMS-C). The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 23.0. The data collections were analyzed by nonparametric statistics, correlation coefficient, covariance analysis, and one-way ANOVA analysis multiple regression analysis.Results:Our findings showed that having social desirability and extraversion personality had a positive impact on the attitudes of volunteers in terms of the provision of pre-hospital care. The first identified regulation was highlighted in the motivation scale; intrinsic motivation was secondarily emphasized. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed years of service in volunteering seniority, age, gender and nursing seniority were correlated. On the contrary, the job department and six municipalities were negatively correlated. Equivalence with the other relation, participants’ attending hours per month in volunteering and gender were positively related. Inverse correlations were found in age and nursing seniority. Extraversion personality and involvement in specific municipalities were positively correlated.Conclusion:Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has been developed in Taiwan for more than 20 years and must improve the quality of EMS. These results may be used to improve the quality of the pre-hospital care system and encourage nursing staff to join the system. Nursing volunteers in pre-hospital care are a particularly valuable resource, and satisfy a pivotal role early in the process of pre-hospital care. It is recommended that we provide a good interpersonal environment to maintain the good will of the dedicated, experienced, enthusiastic volunteers in Taiwan.
Trauma-related Mental Health in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from a ‘Living’ Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Duinkerken Anouk van , Bosmans Mark , Baliatsas Christos , Marra Elske , Dückers Michel 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:This contribution is based on the findings from a ‘living’ systematic literature review seeking to understand the short and long term health impact of the COVID-19-pandemic. Emphasis is placed on the prevalence and risk factors of trauma-related mental health outcomes in the context of the pandemic. Especially when it comes to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), it is questionable whether exposure types that are typical to the pandemic match the essence of the disorder. Our objective is to verify whether the international literature sufficiently distinguishes pandemic related exposure from other risk factors such as social demographic characteristics and non-pandemic related exposure to threats and life events.Method:This part of the ‘living’ systematic literature review is conducted under the umbrella of the Dutch Integrated Health Monitor COVID-19. In order to guide a research-driven data collection, several databases were searched for studies published during the pandemic. At the moment of abstract submission the protocol was published in Prospero and screening was in progress. Observational, quantitative studies including a specified exposure/event and a trauma-related mental health outcome measure are included. The included studies will be categorized based on type of exposure/event. Pooled prevalence will be calculated if studies are sufficiently homogeneous.Results:In progress.Conclusion:The results from this literature review are likely going to confirm that a substantial part of the international literature is polluted with studies promising to contain information on PTSD and other trauma-related health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, yet running short of linking symptomatology to particular types of exposure and risk factors. If this is the case, a risk exists that public health authorities are being recommended to apply preventive and curative trauma-focused interventions based on an ambiguous knowledge base. The results will be presented during the conference.
Methods for Hospital To Promote Disaster Preparedness Against Loss of Power
Authors: Ikeuchi Junko 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The 2018 Hokkaido earthquake caused a power outage in all of Hokkaido. In Japan, several hospitals have generators for outages. However, when electricity is lost, several hospitals are disrupted because they are accustomed to having a stable power supply on a daily basis. This study describes the efforts of a hospital that were not accustomed to disaster response to evaluate and implement power-loss countermeasures. The purpose of this study is to measure the usefulness of hospital power-loss countermeasures.Method:1)Classification of Japan’s existing power-loss countermeasures.2)Hospital evaluation of the classified power-loss measures.3)Confirmation of the usefulness of the hospital’s power-loss countermeasures.Results:Power-loss countermeasures were classified into four categories. 1.) Equipment enhancement: this measure is expensive but can prevent loss of power, 2.) Purchase of goods: this measure is inexpensive and alternative power is available, 3.) Manual creation, and 4.) Training. Training measures can help smoothen the hospital’s response after a loss of power. A hospital evaluated whether those measures were appropriate for that hospital. As a result, some of the measures were immediately put into practice.Conclusion:This hospital was not accustomed to disaster response, and at first, they did not seem to know where to apply countermeasures. However, after implementing the measures, the hospital announced within its organization that the next step was training. It became clear that by presenting specific measures and evaluation methods, the hospital could create good practices. In the future, web-based evaluation methods should be developed so that all hospitals in Japan can work on measures to counteract power loss.
Key Competencies of Pediatric Disaster Medicine as Determined by a Systematic Review of Gray Literature
Authors: Grodman Schyler , Hart Alexander , Hertelendy Attila , Woodward Christina , Voskanyan Amalia , Fadi Issa , Weiner Debra , Ciottone Greg 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Children are often disproportionately impacted by disasters, and yet pediatric specific considerations are not properly emphasized during disaster planning and training, resulting in the desperate needs of children falling through the cracks during disasters. Children differ from adults developmentally, physiologically, and psychologically, and are more vulnerable to negative long-term medical, social, and behavioral outcomes. Additionally, children lack autonomy and rely on adults to gain access to the healthcare system and other resources. Despite the distinctions between adults and children, time and curricula for pediatric disaster training is insufficient, and workforce capacity and competency to plan for and respond to the disaster related needs of children are inadequate; this is especially true for both physicians and other healthcare responders who do not complete a specific pediatric residency. Our study seeks to determine the key core competencies of pediatric disaster medicine that should be included in the training of responders.Method:A systematic gray literature review of existing pediatric disaster medicine curricula was performed, from which a list of the most commonly present key core competencies was created.Results:Data collection and analysis is expected to be completed by April 2023 and will yield a ranked list of core competencies.Conclusion:There is a need for improved pediatric disaster training that addresses the specific considerations of children; this is especially true for non-pediatricians who may be treating children following a disaster. The gray literature review will identify key components of pediatric disaster medicine, which should be applied to all such training curricula to ensure that the care of children who suffer during and after disasters is equitable across the globe.
International Comparison of Ambulance Times Terminology and Definitions: A Benchmarking Study
Authors: Burton Edel , Crosbie-Staunton Kieran , Deasy Conor , Overton Jerry , Merwick Áine , Willis David , Kearney Patricia , McCarthy Vera , Buckley Claire ,   PHoCoS Stroke Consortium
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Ambulance times are internationally recognized Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for prehospital care. International benchmarking by comparing ambulance times between countries is a valuable method to help to identify strengths and weaknesses across healthcare systems. However, ambulance times are not standardized across or sometimes even within countries. Thus, this benchmarking study aims to compare terminology and definitions of ambulance times from the ambulance services of a range of countries to facilitate international benchmarking.Method:A 23-point questionnaire was developed and pilot-tested on members of international emergency care organizations. The final questionnaire was administered to domestic and international Ambulance Services, who use the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System, asking for the terminology and definitions for times from “call received” to “arrival at hospital”. This included “clock start” and “clock stop” times. We asked for the ambulance terms and related variable names in the computer aided dispatch/reporting system. We engaged with clinical stakeholders and Patient and Public Involvement Contributors throughout the process.Results:We gathered information from 10 international ambulance services, representing nine countries, and three continents. Some services in the United Kingdom have standardized ambulance times terminology and definitions. However, in the majority of cases terminology differed greatly between countries, and at times within countries and between reports. Definitions of ambulance times varied between countries and regions, with some having different clock start and stop times and others not collecting data on the same time periods.Conclusion:The current level of variation in international ambulance times terminology and definitions poses a challenge for international benchmarking and research. International consensus or harmonization of language and definitions would result in more efficient and accurate global comparison. On a smaller scale, defining terms in publications and reports would begin facilitating this process.
Cultural Competence in Academia
Authors: Rizek Jamla 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Teaching and becoming culturally competent are concepts that have and continue to evolve partly due to the language being used such as culturally competent, culturally sensitive, and cultural humility. With such an influx of ethnically diverse populations, nurses need to become competent in the care of patients from many cultural backgrounds. Faculty must first be culturally competent to provide this pedagogy for nursing students. This paper explores and analyzes the cultural competence of Baccalaureate Nursing Faculty in the United States.Method:This study was conducted using a quantitative, descriptive approach among baccalaureate nursing faculty. The Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey (MAKSS) tool was used for this study. The survey was sent to 70 randomly selected baccalaureate nursing program Deans and/or Associate Deans listed on a public web site. The sample was purposely chosen to represent at least one program from each of the 50 states across the United States.Results:Ninety-four responses were received. Of the 94 responses, 37 surveys were incomplete, leaving a sample size of 57. An analysis was completed on the 57 completed surveys. Limitations include the length of the survey (60 questions) as the authors found that some participants did not answer all the questions. Although faculty rated themselves high regarding being able to identify cultural biases, faculty highlighted the need for more education on culture.Conclusion:Faculty appear to be culturally aware and recognize the need for more education to achieve a culturally competent skill set. With the increase in the influx of immigrants from all over the world, the population of the United States is changing. Cultural competence needs to be included in curricula to ensure that patients are advocated for and respected.
Disaster Collaborative Exercises for Healthcare Teamwork in a Saudi Context
Authors: Sultan Mohammed , Khorram-Manesh Amir , Sørensen Jarle Løwe , Berlin Johan , Carlström Eric , Goniewicz Krzysztof 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Saudi Arabia has experienced special challenges calling for effective teamwork in the management of disasters and emergencies, such as wars, earthquakes, and major accidents linked to the Hajj pilgrimage over the years. In 2015, 769 pilgrims died in a crowd stampede during Hajj. The outcome of the incident could have been different if the rescuers had the necessary multiagency and collaborative disaster education. This study aims to determine the development of Saudi HCWs’ teamwork during collaboration exercises.Method:This study employed two methods to gather data: (observational) during three-level-collaboration (3LC) tabletop-exercises and semi-structured interviews, by employing two theoretical models (team development models). The number of participants was (100) HCWs.Results:The results of these exercises had a positive impact on the functionality of HCWs and helped them prepare for disaster management and mitigation inside and outside of a medical facility. Based on the theoretical framework of the integration of team members, the participants reported that the trans-professional team developed because they understood the scenarios. In addition, the participants underscored they developed their skills and knowledge of disaster management because of the attempts made in scenario one. Furthermore, on the theoretical framework of team maturity, several participants indicated that immaturity in scenario one is because of the team members not having the same knowledge and skills. While in scenario two, they are mature because of training and challenges resulting in individual development.Conclusion:This study focused on determining the development of healthcare teamwork during collaborative exercises. HCWs were exposed to two scenarios. The tabletop training enabled HCWs to gain the maturity in team building and disaster management. Immature and overripe HCWs cannot easily embrace teamwork. In addition, the public should be made aware of disasters that may come their way. Continuous training of HCWs and creating public awareness are essential parts of disaster management.
ASEAN Strategy for Enhancing Knowledge Management on Disaster Health Management
Authors: Aono Mika , Silapunt Phumin , Yanasan Alisa , Kita Taro , Ikeda Shuichi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:ASEAN Leaders’ Declaration on Disaster Health Management (ALD on DHM) (2019-2025) was adopted by the ASEAN Summit in November 2017 to strengthen the DHM system at national and regional levels, and the Plan of Action (POA) to implement the ALD on DHM was endorsed by the ASEAN Health Ministers Meeting in August 2019. Knowledge Management (KM) is one of the five priority areas in the POA with the relevant targets including the regional academic network establishment, organization of regional academic conferences, publication of the ASEAN academic journal on DHM, and so forth. The ARCH Project Phase2 (ARCH2), which started in January 2022, focuses on aiming to support implementation of this POA.Method:The ARCH2 will support the establishment of the ASEAN Academic Network on DHM (AAN-DHM) and the ASEAN Institute for DHM (AIDHM). In addition, the ARCH2 will support the promotion of academic activities on DHM which shall be conducted under the AAN-DHM in collaboration with the AAN member institutes and AIDHM.Results:Terms of Reference (TOR) of AAN-DHM was endorsed by the 15th ASEAN Health Ministers Meeting in May 2022. Afterward, the National Focal Point (NFP) institutes for the AAN were nominated among all ASEAN Member States (AMS). The first meeting of representatives of the NFP was held in September 2022 to discuss several areas such as governance of the AAN-DHM, the organization plan for the ASEAN Academic Conference (AAC), and the publication plan of the ASEAN Journal. Simultaneously, the TOR of the AIDHM was prepared for further discussion of its establishment.Conclusion:The AAN has already been established to initiate the preparation of its academic activities. The AAC on DHM is scheduled to be held in November 2023 in Indonesia as the first regional event for accelerating academic activities toward enhancing KM on DHM in the region under the AAN-DHM.
Evaluating the Level of Disaster Preparedness of Tunisian University Hospitals Using the Hospital Safety Index: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Lamine Hamdi , Cjebili Naoufel , Zedini Chekib 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Midway through the ‘Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030’, many nations are spending time, money and effort to enhance their level of preparedness when facing disasters, on the other hand communities, countries and even continents are being left behind. This study was conducted aiming at evaluating the level of disaster preparedness and response of Tunisian University Hospitals.Method:This is a cross-sectional nationwide study conducted in Tunisia, from November 2020 to April 2021. Including nine Tunisian University Hospitals and using the Hospital Safety Index. The data were analyzed using the 'Module and safety index calculator'.Results:This study showed that seven out of the nine University Hospitals were assigned the ‘B’ category of safety with overall safety indexes that ranged between 0.37 and 0.62. Also, four out of nine University Hospitals had safety scores less than 0.20 regarding their emergency and disaster management.Conclusion:This is the first study to evaluate disaster preparedness and response of university hospitals in Tunisia and in north Africa. It showed that the lack of knowledge, resources and willingness, are the most important issues that need to be addressed in order to enhance the preparedness of Tunisian hospitals.
Emergency and Disaster Preparedness Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents in Singapore
Authors: Tan Elizabeth , Yeong Yao Qun , Quah Joy 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians are crucial members of the disaster medical response. In Singapore, the EM residency program spans five years, with junior residents (JRs) progressing to senior residents (SRs) in three years after passing the MRCEM exam or its local equivalent. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions toward disaster medicine among EM residents in Singapore.Method:A cross-sectional study was performed for 90 EM residents for the academic year 2020/2021. A self-administered, 44-item online questionnaire based on the Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire (EPIQ) was delivered via GoogleForms™. This assessed familiarity through 10 dimensions, with a minimal score of one and a maximal score of five. The survey also included questions on attitudes towards emergency preparedness and preferred learning methods. Data was collected from May 2020 to November 2020, and analyzed with SPSS.Results:The response rate was 41%. Of these, 75% were JRs and 25% SRs. The overall mean familiarity with disaster preparedness was 2.43 ± 0.90. There was no statistically significant difference of overall mean familiarity between JRs and SRs. Overall, they fared best in the dimension on isolation & quarantine with a mean score of 2.91 ±1.05 and worst in the dimension on psychological issues with a mean score of 2.34 ±0.95.Residents felt that disaster medicine was relevant to their practice with a mean score of 4.22 ± 0.98. They also felt that it was necessary to learn more about it, with a mean score of 4.16 ±0.90. The highest ranked preferred learning method was workshop/simulation training (45.5%), followed by lectures (23.4%).Conclusion:EM Residents have a poor overall familiarity with emergency preparedness, however, they recognized its importance and relevance. The preferred formats of learning were simulation/workshop training. More must be done to improve the overall competency of EM residents in disaster medical response.
Effectiveness of and Adherence to Triage Algorithms during Prehospital Response to Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: Kamler Jonathan , Taube Shoshana , Koch Eric , Lauria Michael , Kue Ricky , Eastman Alexander , Rush Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:At mass casualty incidents (MCIs) medical needs exceed available resources, requiring prioritization of response efforts and materials. Principles of triage have evolved since the 18th century into several modern-day algorithms that sort casualties into priority groups based on clinical parameters. It is unclear, however, if such algorithms are effective and practical during real-world MCIs. This analysis reviews the literature on use and efficacy of prehospital MCI triage algorithms.Method:The MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for peer-reviewed and grey literature on prehospital MCI medical response. Articles discussing MCI triage concepts, triage at MCIs, or algorithm efficacy were included. Articles were excluded if they described law enforcement, ethical, psychological or epidemiological perspectives without detailing the medical response.Results:Frequently-cited MCI triage algorithms include START (Simple Triage & Rapid Treatment); Triage Sieve; CareFlight; SALT (Sort, Assess, Lifesaving Interventions, Treatment/Transport); and RAMP (Rapid Assessment of Mentation & Pulse). They differ in the physiologic parameters assessed, inclusion of numerical measurements, and number of triage categories. Surveyed providers were less likely to have performed full triage at MCIs (16%) than in training (69%), and more likely to have performed no triage (29% vs. 1%). In retrospective trauma registry analyses, algorithms were generally poorly predictive of the need for life-saving interventions (13-58% sensitive, 72-97% specific) in one study, and variably predictive of critical injury (45-85% sensitive, 86-96% specific) in another. The Glasgow Coma Scale motor component was associated with critical injury (73% sensitive, 96% specific if <6); other physiologic variables had sensitivities under 40%. In prospective studies, algorithms were accurate for 36-52% of adults and 56-59% of children. Some suggest clinician judgment may be similarly effective.Conclusion:Multiple algorithms exist for MCI triage, but they are infrequently utilized and may be inaccurate. Simpler, more realistic, scalable, and widely accepted response systems need to be instituted.