bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Long Road to Sámi Teacher Education
Authors: Elstad Eyvind 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSápmiis the traditional term for the historical settlement area (the northern areas of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia) of the Indigenous people of this area, the Sámi. The school systems in Sápmi were imposed by Western educators and missionary workers in the eighteenth century. The road to a good Sámi school has had more than its fair share of obstacles, which is often a common experience at intersections between Indigenous peoples’ cultures and attempts by Western authorities to influence the mindsets and behaviour of Indigenous people. In the face of assimilation pressures, many Sámi lost their language and identity as a cultural minority. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, a new direction of Sámi education arose: the Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish education authorities decided that Sámi learners should have the opportunity to choose education in a Sámi language (of which there are several languages) in addition to receiving teaching in school subjects. Although the long road to Sámi teacher education has been a winding and tortuous path, today it is offered by two institutions (Sami University of applied sciences and Nord University). However, there are still challenges in obtaining enough teachers who have mastered Sámi languages.
Tension Patterns in Finnish Teacher Education – Recruitment, Reform and Relevance
Authors: Hansén Sven-Erik , Lavonen Jari , Sjöberg Jan , Aspfors Jessica , Wikman Tom , Eriksson Inger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, tension patterns and development opportunities within Finnish teacher education are examined. We have chosen to focus the analysis on the recruitment of student teachers, the relationship between theory and practice and mentorship for newly qualified teachers. Tension patterns and development opportunities appear in all three phases, linking the content and form of teacher education.The analysis examines the overarching idea behind a recently introduced recruitment reform that was developed to let interviews play a larger role in the process. This was developed to address a situation in which an applicant applies to several universities or programmes, but is interviewed only once. The relationship between theory and practice in teacher education remains problematic, despite the practice schools’ favourable organizational conditions. New teachers still face challenges when entering the profession; mentoring programmes have been introduced to reduce these tensions.Like some other provinces in the Nordic countries, the self-governing Åland Islands have their own school system, which has both Finnish and Swedish traits, as well as similar kinds of tensions. Despite the presented tensions, research-based teacher education continues to be an appropriate foundation for the continuing development of Finnish teacher education.
Teacher Education in Norway
Authors: Skagen Kaare , Elstad Eyvind 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe public school system in Norway was strengthened in the nineteenth century. The teaching profession became a central vocation during the nation-building process. The need for teachers with adequate qualifications was met through short-term teacher seminaries. In the twentieth century, these seminaries were improved upon and renamed ‘teacher schools’. Teacher education has undergone frequent reforms in recent decades. In 1973, general three-year teacher education was introduced for primary and lower secondary teachers, existing alongside the teacher education programmes in the universities. Criticism of this three-year teacher education strengthened, and teacher education changed from a generalist education (with competence in many school subjects) to a specialist education (with competence in a few subjects). One further step was the introduction of more rigorous entry requirements for teacher education programmes for both the primary and the secondary level. Another step was a division of the former general teacher education programme into separate programmes for years 1–7 and 5–10. In 2017, these two programmes were converted into five-year master’s degree programmes that are completed with a master’s thesis. Universities train teachers for grades 8–13 through either a postgraduate certificate of education that takes one year to complete, or five-year master degree.
Teacher Education in Denmark
Authors: Madsen Lis , Jensen Elsebeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne recurrent feature of the four-year Danish teacher education programme at university colleges is the challenge of attracting and retaining qualified student teachers. Many changes have been implemented to address this and other challenges. To gain a better understanding of the developments from the recent reforms and the subsequent solutions to educational issues, the authors of this chapter examine the various teacher education laws written during this period. The purpose is to explore changes in Danish teacher education, primarily after the turn of the millennium. The main trends are (1) a more profession-oriented teacher education and (2) an increased focus on academic subjects, reflected in the demand for a stronger knowledge base throughout teacher education. However, the development of Danish teacher education must also be viewed in light of several major national and international societal changes. Several areas of teacher education are intended to be developed in the coming years, including improvements in teaching methods in teacher education, better collaboration with practice schools, improvements in student teachers’ opportunities for in-depth studies in subject areas, and a renewed focus on Bildung in education and teacher education.
Five-Year Teacher Education for Compulsory School in Iceland: Retreat from Research-Based to Practice-Oriented Teacher Education?
Authors: Sigurðsson Baldur , Björnsdóttir Amalía , Jóhannsdóttir Thurídur Jóna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2008 the teacher education in Iceland was extended from a three-year bachelor program to a five-year program, ending with a master’s degree. The intention was to give teacher education more solid research base, manifested in a 30 ECTS master’s thesis while simultaneously strengthening the link between theory, research, and practice.Pursuant to the extension, enrolment in teacher education dropped, students’ progress was slow, and the dropout rate rose. At the same time large cohorts of teachers retired and shortage of teachers became a problem which led schools to recruit student teachers before they had finished their degree. This situation led to even slower progress in student teachers’ studies and fewer new licenced teachers each year.To reverse this development, several measures were introduced in the years 2017–2019, involving teacher education institutions, municipalities, the teachers’ union, and the government. Among them was to make the master’s thesis optional and to offer student teachers paid internship during their final year. The measures have benefitted both the recruitment and study progress. Without the masters’ thesis, however, the balance between research and practice seems to have tilted in favour of practice, which raises questions about the quality and status of teacher education.
Legislative, Institutional and Political Context
Authors: Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Kaya Ayhan , Rottmann Susan Beth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRefugee governance has legislative, institutional, political, and discursive dimensions. These components co-constitute each other and reflect the fragments of strategic temporality as a building principal. It is possible to trace signs of strategic temporality in each dimension. This chapter starts with an overview of the legislative landscape marked by the Turkish asylum regime’s dual structure. Then, it maps the institutional architecture where relevant actors put these legislations into implementation. Both legislation and institutions play out in a highly political domestic and international context, which is scrutinised in the following section. The discursive dimension will be delved into further in Chap.3.
Reception
Authors: Şahin-Mencütek Zeynep , Gökalp-Aras N. Ela , Kaya Ayhan , Rottmann Susan Beth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this Chapter, we describe the strategic temporality embedded in the Turkish reception system for Syrian refugees. First, we focus on the effect of laws and how they lead to nuances in multilevel governance on the ground where a local turn is observable, and a politics of subsidiarity is created. We discuss the discursive dimension of reception governance, which centres on cultural intimacy and guesthood rhetorics. These narratives reflect the strategic approach of policymakers who consistently underline that migrants’ reception is a temporal phenomenon. The chapter provides a multi-layered emphasis on discourses and practices that show how the reception is a policy field where strategic temporality is a dominant mode.
Preface: A Weak Pedagogy in a Rough World?
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA look at the current world situation must concern empathetic people. The hope for peace and solidarity that seemed possible after the Cold War’s end has faded. Wars, climate change, and global and social inequality challenge education on all levels. At the ground stays the question of how we can better address the dichotomous structure of our thinking and acting. The deep splits between We and the Other, social and national groups, and humans and nature have devastating consequences. So, how can we better deal with the individual, social, and global divisions as the shadow side of diversity?.
Heimat—Shelter or Cuckoo Nest? Exploration of a Concept Between Belonging and Exclusion
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeimat is a German concept in which culture, identity, and belonging merge. Although challenging to translate into other languages, it conceals universal existential needs and imaginaries of the self and the other. The term's history shows how political, social, and economic realities became a romantic idea that masked the shadows and insecurities of concrete life. In a psychoanalytical interpretation, the chapter examines how homeland, especially in ethnocentric and nationally influenced communities, can mask contradictions inside society and project them onto enemy images. Thus, Heimat provides a sense of security for all those who belong to it and, at the same time, legitimizes the exclusion of undesirable others.
Who Am I? And Who Are You? Identity as a Construct Between Self-Invention and Straitjacket
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl 
Published: March 2023

Abstract The chapter addresses the complex question of identity. The need for a clear idea of oneself belies that individual and collective identities are fragile constructs. Thus, identity concepts bear the ambivalence of strengthening and constricting the self. This dynamic is true for individuals and groups alike. Identity concepts demand visions of unity as individual and group, possible through the demarcation of the I and We from the You and Their. On a social level, the question of difference becomes central. Identity then serves not only to strengthen the self and unite with equals but also to exclude others. Case studies from a long-term research with young people in ethnicized communities illustrate the complexity of identity formation at the individual and collective levels.
Daring the Risk of Relation Heimat, Identity, Human Image: Perspectives of a Weak Pedagogy
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe examination of nationally colored political identity designs and ethnocentric conceptions of the world is a current challenge for pedagogy. Ethnicization and national thinking follow the logic of strong worldviews. These offer security at the expense of an open perception of images of self and others. How can pedagogy engage with this? In many cases, pedagogical approaches bounce off the ethnicized subjects. Following the theory of “weak thinking” of the Italian philosopher Gianni Vattimo, this chapter outlines perspectives of a “weak pedagogy.” Such attitude is not about real weakness but about a flattening of the hierarchy in the pedagogical relationship.
On This Side of the Splitting Categories Lies the One World: Conclusions and Reflections for the Future of Education
Authors: Peterlini Hans Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis book has attempted a perhaps daring exploration. The ambivalences between belonging and differentiation, inclusion and exclusion, were explored first on the territorially and usually ethnically-nationally bound identity concept of Heimat. The following chapter attempts to bring together the threads of the issues and problems raised. In dealing with diversity and difference, pedagogical work requires a high degree of ambiguity awareness. The pedagogical subjects and situations are as ambiguous as the reality behind the dichotomous worldviews that pedagogical work must address. The chapter describes a diversity-reflexive attitude as a necessary exercise for pedagogical professionalization. Nationally oriented ways of thinking must give way to a world consciousness in the sense of global citizenship education. Strengthening the transformative potential in Education and Learning could be the connective brace for the different approaches. How can this work in concrete?
Social Change and Transformation in the Gulf Region
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Al-Azm Amr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial change is an integral part of human social behavior and a phenomenon that is continuously happening around us. We constantly challenge existing social structures and institutions and transform them by contesting the cultural norms and values upon which they are founded. While such disruption may seem at the superficial level a negative form of disorder, in reality, it represents the way in which societies develop and evolve over time. Social change involves a cultural transformation often as part of an adaptive response to an ever-changing world around us.
The Threat to Cultural Heritage in Times of Conflict and Its Dynamic Relationship with Gulf Society
Authors: Al-Azm Amr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCultural heritage, both material and immaterial, is an important representation of a nation’s diverse cultures and vital to national identity. Yet this heritage is increasingly coming under threat from ongoing regional conflicts resulting in an unprecedented surge in looting and trafficking in cultural heritage materials throughout the region. Furthermore, social media has led to the exponential growth of this illicit trade of antiquities where an international network of traffickers, traders and terrorists utilize online platforms for the auctioning and sale of cultural goods. This paper seeks to address a number of questions pertaining to the evolving relationship of Gulf states and societies to cultural heritage (museums, private collections, etc.) and the international laws and conventions protecting them. The extent of trafficking that occurs in the region and changing attitudes to it.
Working for God (and Country): Religious Education and Economic Diversification in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: El Shishtawy Hassan Sharif Ibrahim , Ozgen Zeynep 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile the role of state formation, British withdrawal, and the discovery of oil in transforming social life in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has received considerable attention, scholars have focused less on the role the state has played in leading particular forms of social change. In this chapter, we explore how the Emirati state has attempted to cultivate certain values among its citizens to support its goal of economic diversification. We find that the state has reformed its national education curriculum in an effort to equip Emirati youth with both the requisite skillset for transitioning to a knowledge economy and the mindset necessary to accommodate such a transition. Analyzing 24 Islamic education textbooks, totaling nearly 5,400 pages, we find that the revised curriculum reflects a concerted effort on the part of the Emirati state to develop a Muslim work ethic by framing capitalist values such as productivity and hard work as divinely ordained.
The New Arab Gulf: Evaluating the Success of Economic Diversification in the UAE
Authors: Shadab Saima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo date, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have remained oil-reliant, exposed to the vulnerabilities of the international oil price market. This study seeks to examine the role of economic diversification in the GCC, focusing on the UAE as a successful model. An empirical analysis is conducted to ascertain the short- and long-run relationship between diversification and economic growth in the UAE. Specifically, this study examines the role of export diversification in encouraging the UAE’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth. The findings reveal that economic diversification fosters economic growth in the UAE both in the short and long run. The UAE serves as a successful model of economic diversification for the rest of the GCC countries as they share a congruent economic structure.
Japan and the Gulf States: Friendship Prospects Under the FOIP Initiative
Authors: AlBadawi Habib 
Published: March 2023

AbstractJapan’s strategy of “Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy—FOIP” stands as a keystone approach in its relationship with the international community and Gulf countries, in particular, in the twenty-first century. The past two decades have shown growing and extensive friendly ties between the Arab Gulf states and Japan. Those ties have been mainly economic which includes significant bilateral trade. More recently, there are emerging signs of security cooperation, cultural exchange, and educational cooperation. In this chapter, I attempt to reveal the idea of FOIP, exploring the future possibilities of cooperation, partnership, and the alliance between Japan and the Arab world.
Khaleeji Modernities: Private Spaces, British Imperialism, and the Centralization of the Qatari Peninsula
Authors: Guirado Alonso Javier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe majlis was a key political and social mechanism that defined the social and political structure of Qatar during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, an epoch of transformation in the Indian Ocean world. The new policy of the British empire throughout the Indian Ocean during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries led to an increased centralization of the forms of authority that were present on its shores. This centralization shaped the institutional blueprint of Qatar, and not the discovery and exploitation of oil in the mid-twentieth century, which instead, took place successfully thanks to these institutional innovations. The majlis is a space and informal institution present in many Arab countries, and particularly relevant in the Gulf, in which members of a family and other notables gather and discuss a wide range of topics on a regular basis. Many studies have highlighted the importance of the majlis in the Gulf, yet its relation to the British colonial system remains largely underexplored.
China’s COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy in the Gulf and Beyond: Efforts and Challenges
Authors: Jin Wang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that the COVID-19 vaccine has become an important diplomatic tool to expand China’s influence and set up a positive Chinese image in the Middle East. The study reports three important trends in China’s COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy. It states that China’s vaccine diplomacy toward the Middle East still faces challenges. On the one hand, the effectiveness of China’s vaccine is not widely recognized. Some European and American experts still doubt the effect of China’s vaccine made by Sinovac and Sinopharm. On the other hand, China’s mechanism to constrain COVID-19 by national lockdown and universal vaccination might not be copied in the Middle East.
Gaining International Perspectives Through Undergraduate Education: Comparative Case Analysis Focusing on International Liberal Arts Provision
Authors: Yonezawa Akiyoshi , Shimauchi Sae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the practices of international undergraduate education by focusing on the liberal arts in five, mostly medium-sized, countries with quite different geopolitical contexts: the Netherlands, Australia, Malaysia, South Korea, and Japan. We analyze whether the reforms of undergraduate education in these countries are moving in the direction of global convergence or divergence based on the respective contexts of each country’s society and higher education system. We explore whether changes are based on intrinsic values and directions inherent to universities and higher education arising from their education and research activities, or extrinsic values and directions demanded by society and industry, such as human resource development and industrial innovation. Our findings show that no single direction can be argued to be a “global trend.” This implies that each country and university should carefully examine and identify the global landscape and the most relevant direction to pursue in terms of university education.
Global Distribution of Students in Higher Education
Authors: Watterston Jim , Zhao Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the potential of having students globally distributed in future higher education. There are many reasons for students to be globally distributed. The pandemic has in effect created the reality for many higher education institutions to teach students remotely. This experience can be the beginning of a new model of higher education: the global campus. The chapter discusses the possibilities and challenges of developing and operating global campuses to meet the needs of students who might be located anywhere on the globe.
Entanglement resolution of free Dirac fermions on a torus
Authors: Foligno Alessandro , Murciano Sara , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Whenever a system possesses a conserved charge, the density matrix splits into eigenspaces associated to the each symmetry sector and we can access the entanglement entropy in a given subspace, known as symmetry resolved entanglement (SRE). Here, we first evaluate the SRE for massless Dirac fermions in a system at finite temperature and size, i.e. on a torus. Then we add a massive term to the Dirac action and we treat it as a perturbation of the massless theory. The charge-dependent entropies turn out to be equally distributed among all the symmetry sectors at leading order. However, we find subleading corrections which depend both on the mass and on the boundary conditions along the torus. We also study the resolution of the fermionic negativity in terms of the charge imbalance between two subsystems. We show that also for this quantity, the presence of the mass alters the equipartition among the different imbalance sectors at subleading order.
Finite Groups with G-Permutable Schmidt Subgroups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Kamornikov S. F. , Pérez-Calabuig V. , Tyutyanov V. N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven a non-empty set X of a group G, a subgroup A is said to be X-permutable (respectively, X-h-permutable) with a subgroup B, if $$AB^x = B^xA$$

A

B
x

=

B
x

A

, for some element $$x\in X$$

x
∈
X

(respectively, $$x \in X \cap \langle A,B\rangle $$

x
∈
X
∩
⟨
A
,
B
⟩

). A subgroup A of a group G is said to be X-permutable (respectively, X-h-permutable) in G if A is X-permutable (respectively, X-h-permutable) with every subgroup of G. In this paper, we study the structure of a finite group G with all its Schmidt subgroups G-permutable (respectively, G-h-permutable).