bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Stability of a New Three Dimensional Regular Black Hole
Authors: Hendi S. H. , Hajkhalili S. , Mahmoudi S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new model of the regular black hole in dimensions is introduced by considering an appropriate matter field as the energy‐momentum tensor. First, we propose a novel model of d‐dimensional energy density that in dimensions leads to the existence of an upper bound on the radius of the event horizon and a lower bound on the mass of the black hole which are motivated by the features of astrophysical black holes. According to these bounds, we introduce an admissible domain for the event horizon radius, depending on the metric parameters. After investigation of geometric properties of the obtained solutions, we study the thermal stability of the solution in the canonical ensemble and find that the regular black hole is thermally stable in the mentioned admissible domain. Besides, the free energy is calculated to examine the global stability of the solution.
Outlier detection in a repeated measure design
Authors: Emenike Ifesinachi Chinagorom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considered the problem of outlier detection in a repeated measure design (RMD) using the Estimate distance and the Liu and Weng's residual methods. The comparative performance of the two methods in identifying outlier in a RMD was evaluated through empirical and simulation studies. For the empirical study, two types of outliers (outliers I and II) were randomly introduced into the real‐life dataset from physiological research at a time. The results obtained revealed that the Liu and Weng's Residual and Estimate Distance tests correctly detected the outlier I randomly introduced into all the subjects at a time. However, the Liu and Weng's Residual test was only able to correctly detect the outlier II in subjects 1, 4 and 6 while the Estimate distance test could not detect the outlier II in any of the subject. In the simulation study, random samples of size 105, 120, 135, and 150 with a corresponding number of subjects (k = 7, 8, 9, 10), respectively, were generated from a multivariate normal distribution. Two types of outliers (outliers I and II) were randomly introduced into the simulated datasets. The results of the simulation study indicated that the Liu and Weng's residual and Estimate distance methods correctly detected the outlier I randomly introduced into the simulated data for all the sample sizes considered. However, the Liu and Weng's Residual test outperformed the Estimate distance test in detecting the outlier II. Thus, the Liu and Weng's Residual proved to be more powerful than the Estimate Distance test in identifying outlier in a RMD.
Ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based plasma metabolomics study of thymoma and thymic hyperplasia
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zang Xiaoling , Yang Huanhuan , Jiao Peng , Zhang Jie , Song Ni , Lv Zhihua 
Published: May 2023

RationaleThymoma is a rare malignant tumor but it is the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum. The current imaging methods for thymoma screening suffer from false positive rate problems, and thymoma pathogenesis remains elusive. Study of thymoma metabolic characteristics could provide clues for improving the diagnosis and understanding the pathogenesis of thymoma.MethodsMetabolic profiling of plasma from thymoma and thymic hyperplasia patients was performed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ionization modes. After pre‐ and post‐processing, the dataset was divided into three age groups and statistical analysis was performed to select differential metabolites of thymoma. For feature identification, experimental tandem mass spectra were matched to those of databases and available chemical standards, and also manually annotated with plausible chemical structures to ensure high identification confidence.ResultsA total of 47 differential metabolites were identified in thymoma. Significantly higher levels of histidine, sphinganine 1‐phosphate, lactic acid dimer, phenylacetylglutamine, LPC (18:3) and LPC (16:1), and significantly lower levels of phenylalanine, indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA), hippuric acid and mesobilirubinogen were associated with thymoma. Tryptophan level in thymoma‐associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) was significantly lower than that of the MG(−) group. IPA and hippuric acid abundances exhibited increasing trends from indolent to aggressive thymoma.ConclusionsOur study revealed aberrant aromatic amino acid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation might be associated with thymoma. The identified unique metabolic characteristics of thymoma may provide valuable information for study of the molecular mechanism of thymoma pathogenesis, and improvement of diagnosis and discovery of new therapeutic strategies for thymoma.
Adaptive nonsingular fixed‐time control for hypersonic flight vehicle considering angle of attack constraints
Authors: Dong Zehong , Li Yinghui , Lv Maolong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a fixed‐time singularity‐free neural control scheme for hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) considering asymmetric time‐varying angle of attack (AOA) constraint based on integral barrier Lyapunov function (IBLF). In contrast to the state‐of‐the‐art fixed‐time control methods for HFV with AOA constraint, the most distinguishing feature of our control design lies in designing a direct AOA‐constrained control scheme without needing error transformation and the singularity issue is avoided. The IBLF is adopted to confine the AOA within a predefined asymmetric time‐varying compact set all the time. Moreover, the tracking errors of flight states and the estimate errors of approximations are ensured to converge into the bounded compact sets within fixed time, which can be preset by selecting the design parameters properly. Comparative simulations verify the superiority of the developed methodology.
Detecting forest canopy gaps using unoccupied aerial vehicle RGB imagery in a species‐rich subtropical forest
Authors: Chen Jiale , Wang Li , Jucker Tommaso , Da Hongzhi , Zhang Zhaochen , Hu Jianbo , Yang Qingsong , Wang Xihua , Qin Yuchu , Shen Guochun , Shu Li , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccurate and efficient detection of canopy gaps is essential for understanding species regeneration and community dynamics in forests. Unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with visible light (e.g., RGB) cameras have the potential to be one of the most cost‐effective approaches for detecting gaps. However, current gap‐detection methods based on spectral, textural, and/or structural information derived from UAV RGB imagery are unreliable in species‐rich forests with complex terrain due to high spectral complexity and topographic shadowing. Here, we compared the performance of four methods, including pixel‐based supervised classification (PBSC), object‐based classification (OBIA), Canopy Height Model thresholding classification, and HSTAC [a novel method we developed which combines Photographic Height (H), Spectral (S), and Textural (T) information for Automatic Classification (AC)] for characterizing canopy gaps in a 20‐ha permanent subtropical forest plot of eastern China. All classification results were evaluated through a comparison with canopy gaps detected from both field surveys and UAV‐borne LiDAR data. Among the four classification methods, HSTAC performed best in terms of detection efficiency (96% overall accuracy when compared to field data and 85% when compared to the LiDAR data), classification accuracy (3–18% improvement compared to alternative methods), and speed (1–1.5 h faster on the same machine). Of the four topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect, and convexity), elevation was the one that most affected the accuracy of canopy gap detection. The errors of PBSC classification mainly came from the gaps at low elevations, while OBIA located the position of gaps well but overestimated their sizes. Overall, HSTAC avoids many of the inherent limitations of current state‐of‐the‐art methods and can accurately map canopy gaps in diverse subtropical forests with complex terrain. Our study provides a suitable way for long‐term forest canopy monitoring, real‐time applications, and contributes to a better understanding of forest plant community assembly and succession dynamics.
The increase of Nrf2 m6A modification induced by FTO downregulation promotes hippocampal neuron injury and aggravates the progression of epilepsy in a rat model
Authors: Tian Mao‐Qiang , Li Juan , Shu Xiao‐Mei , Lang Chang‐Hui , Chen Jing , Peng Long‐Ying , Lei Wen‐Ting , Yang Chang‐Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by widespread neuronal death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) m6A methylation in epilepsy. To create epileptic models, the rats were given Lithium chloride and pilocarpine, and isolated primary rat hippocampal neurons were cultured in an Mg2+‐free medium. The frequency of seizures was recorded in the epilepsy group of rats. The functional tests included TUNEL, MTT, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, RNA degradation assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation were performed. In epileptic models, Nrf2 and fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) levels were downregulated, whereas YT521‐B homology (YTH) domain family protein 2 (YTHDF2) was upregulated. Additionally, in epileptic models, there was a rise in the m6A methylation level of Nrf2 mRNA. Overexpressing FTO increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis, but Nrf2 interference reversed these effects. Meanwhile, FTO overexpression decreased the m6A methylation of Nrf2 mRNA. Moreover, YTHDF2 bound to Nrf2 mRNA and decreased its stability. Furthermore, FTO overexpression reduced seizure frequency in rats and inhibited hippocampal neuron apoptosis via lowering the m6A methylation level of Nrf2 mRNA. Overexpressing FTO reduced m6A methylation of Nrf2 mRNA, increased cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, and slowed the progression of epileptic diseases, which is linked to YTHDF2 binding to m6A‐modified Nrf2 and promoting its degradation, as well as downregulating Nrf2 expression in hippocampal neurons.
The role of NMDA glutamate receptors in the lateral habenula on morphine‐induced conditioned place preference in rats
Authors: Amohashemi Elahe , Reisi Parham , Alaei Hojjatallah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb) has received special attention due to its role in modulating motivated behavior, stress response, and rewarding and aversive stimuli through monoamine transmission. In the present study, the involvement of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors of the LHb in the expression and acquisition phases of morphine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was studied in male rats. Bilateral injections of agonist/antagonist (MK‐801) of NMDA receptor were performed during the conditioning sessions of the acquisition phase. In other separate groups, drugs were also injected into the LHb before the test session during the expression phase of CPP. A 5‐day CPP bias paradigm was used to study the effect of injections of NMDA and MK‐801 into the LHb on morphine reward‐related behavior. Different doses of NMDA plus morphine reduced the CPP score during the acquisition phase, whereas MK‐801 significantly increased conditioning scores during the acquisition phase of CPP. The injection of agonists and antagonists of NMDA receptors in LHb had no significant effect on CPP scores and locomotion during the expression phase of CPP, whereas the motor activity in the acquisition phase was affected by the drugs. The reduction effect of NMDA on the CPP scores during the acquisition phase was blocked by pretreatment with MK‐801. Our findings also suggest that NMDA receptors in the LHb may be involved in the acquisition phase of morphine‐induced CPP.
Evaluation of eight Bayesian genomic prediction models for three micronutrient traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Meher Prabina Kumar , Gupta Ajit , Rustgi Sachin , Mir Reyazul Rouf , Kumar Anuj , Kumar Jitendra , Balyan Harindra Singh , Gupta Pushpendra Kumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn wheat, genomic prediction accuracy (GPA) was assessed for three micronutrient traits (grain iron, grain zinc, and β‐carotenoid concentrations) using eight Bayesian regression models. For this purpose, data on 246 accessions, each genotyped with 17,937 DArT markers, were utilized. The phenotypic data on traits were available for 2013–2014 from Powerkheda (Madhya Pradesh) and for 2014–2015 from Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India. The accuracy of the models was measured in terms of reliability, which was computed following a repeated cross‐validation approach. The predictions were obtained independently for each of the two environments after adjusting for the local effects and across environments after adjusting for the environmental effects. The Bayes ridge regression (BayesRR) model outperformed the other seven models, whereas BayesLASSO (BayesL) was the least efficient. The GPA increased with an increase in the size of the training set as well as with an increase in marker density. The GPA values differed for the three traits and were higher for the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) (obtained after adjusting for the environmental effects) relative to those for the two environments. The GPA also remained unaffected after accounting for the population structure. The results of the present study suggest that only the best model should be used for the estimations of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) before their use for genomic selection to improve the grain micronutrient contents.
SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis
Authors: Jiao Zixue , Chai Hao , Wang Shendong , Sun Chunguang , Huang Qun , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The most common cause for prosthetic revision surgery is wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis, which leads to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Both SOST gene and its synthetic protein, sclerostin, are hallmarks of osteocytes. According to our previous findings, blocking SOST induces bone formation and protects against bone loss and deformation caused by titanium (Ti) particles by activating the Wnt/β-catenin cascade. Although SOST has been shown to influence osteoblasts, its ability to control wear-particle-induced osteolysis via targeting osteoclasts remains unclear. Mice were subjected to development of a cranial osteolysis model. Micro CT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the mouse model. Bone marrow-derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) made from the C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the medium of MLO-Y4 (co-cultured with Ti particles) to transform them into osteoclasts. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict and validate the interaction among SOST, Wnt/β-catenin, RANKL/OPG, TNF-α, and IL-6. Local bone density and bone volume improved after SOST inhibition, both the number of lysis pores and the rate of skull erosion decreased. Histological research showed that β-catenin and OPG expression were markedly increased after SOST inhibition, whereas TRAP and RANKL levels were markedly decreased. In-vitro, Ti particle treatment elevated the expression of sclerostin, suppressed the expression of β-catenin, and increased the RANKL/OPG ratio in the MLO-Y4 cell line. TNF-α and IL-6 also elevated after treatment with Ti particles. The expression levels of NFATc1, CTSK, and TRAP in osteoclasts were significantly increased, and the number of positive cells for TRAP staining was increased. Additionally, the volume of bone resorption increased at the same time. In contrast, when SOST expression was inhibited in the MLO-Y4 cell line, these effects produced by Ti particles were reversed. All the results strongly show that SOST inhibition triggered the osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade and prevented wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, which might reduce periprosthetic osteolysis.

Key messages

SOST is a molecular regulator in maintaining bone homeostasis.

SOST plays in regulating bone homeostasis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis.
“Management of myositis associated interstitial lung disease”
Authors: Thong Lorraine , Chawke Liam J. , Murphy Grainne , Henry Michael T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare disorders characterised by the presence of skeletal muscle inflammation, with interstitial lung disease (ILD) being the most frequent pulmonary manifestation. The spectrum of clinical presentations of myositis related ILD (M-ILD) encompasses a chronic process to a rapidly progressive ILD (RP-ILD); which is associated with a high mortality rate. The most effective treatments remain controversial and poses a unique challenge to both rheumatologists and respiratory physicians to manage. Given the rare heterogenous nature of M-ILD, there is a paucity of data to guide treatment. The cornerstone of existing treatments encompasses combinations of immunosuppressive therapies, as well as non-pharmacological therapies. In this review, we aim to summarize the current pharmacological therapies (including its dosing regimens and side effects profiles) and non-pharmacological therapies. Based on the existing literature to date, we propose a treatment algorithm for both chronic M-ILD and RP-ILD.
A note on the sexual reproductive biology of Ricordea yuma (Corallimorpharia)
Authors: Kaposi K. L. , Courtney R. L. , Seymour J. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRicordea yuma(Ricordeidae WATZL, 1922) is a tropical corallimorpharian found throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Individuals of this species are often found in bright colours making them popularly sought-after within the marine ornamental trade. Despite their popularity in marine aquaria, little is known about the sexual reproductive biology of this species and therefore it's capacity to maintain and renew genetically diverse populations in the wild. This note provides evidence that this species is gonochoric and engages in broadcast spawning during the austral summer. While further research is required to discern the size and/or age of sexual maturity, duration of the gametogenic cycle, and the precise periodicity of spawning, the information provided here is an important first in step elucidating the sexual reproductive biology of this species. Understanding the general biology ofR. yumawill allow for a better understanding of this species’ life history, and enhance the monitoring and management of populations.
Impact of Quantitative Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Measures on Clinical Interpretation and Recommendations by Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Kerrison Gwen , Miles Anna , Allen Jacqui , Heron Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuantitative measures are available for adult videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) analysis but are yet to be seen routinely in clinical practice. This study explores agreement between traditional observational analysis and quantitative analysis, and the impact of analytical approaches on subsequent diagnosis and recommendations. One hundred adults referred for VFSSs with swallowing concerns were administered a standardised VFSS protocol. All VFSSs were analysed using three approaches: (1) a traditional observational analysis typically used by treating speech-language pathologists (SLPs), (2) quantitative analysis by two independent raters, and (3) binary subjective analysis by 11 independent raters. Three metrics were focussed on; pharyngeal constriction (PC), hyoid displacement (Hmax) and pharyngoesophageal segment opening (PESmax). All raters were blinded to others’ ratings. Treating SLPs using traditional observational analysis were provided with no instructions. Quantitative analysis used published Leonard and Kendall digital displacement measures. Binary subjective analysis involved rating each VFSS as normal versus impaired for the three metrics above. Treating SLPs using traditional observational analysis and quantitative analysis raters independently provided diagnostics and treatment plans. PC, Hmax and PESmax achieved fair agreement (Kappa = 0.33–0.36) between binary subjective analysis compared to substantial agreement (ICC = 0.77–0.94) for quantitative analysis. Reports of impairment were significantly lower in the traditional observational and binary subjective analyses compared with studies rated using the quantitative analysis (p < 0.05). Consequently, this resulted in significantly less rehabilitation recommendations when traditional observational analysis was used in comparison to the quantitative analysis. Quantitative measures to analyse VFSSs can be used in clinical practice producing increased inter-rater agreement and supporting more targeted rehabilitation recommendations than using a traditional observational VFSS analysis alone.
Predictors of the quality of work life and job satisfaction among serving military healthcare personnel in the Nigerian armed forces
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Duru Emeka Elvis , Babatunde Aina Azeez , Abubakar Mustapha Mohammed , Ezinwanne Tochukwu Hillary , Enwereakuh Ugonna Augustine , Ishaku Daniel Ngyams , Okoyeocha Paschal Ifeanyi , Ejike Chukwuemeka Lazarus , Okeke Bethel Ikenna , Yarama Sarah Ndirpaya , Ukoha-kalu Blessing Onyinye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Quality of work life and perception affects the productivity of healthcare professionals. The study aimed to determine the quality of work life (QWL) and job satisfaction (JS) of military healthcare professionals in Nigeria.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at three military hospitals, one each for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The 35-item QWL and five-item JS Index questionnaires were used to record responses from consenting professionals between January–March 2022. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results
The overall average QWL score for the population was 86.88 ± 23.04, while overall JS had a mean score of 23.2 ± 7.102. Years of experience (β = –0.292, p = 0.018), and previous posting to war areas (β = –0.285, p = 0.022) were significant predictors of QWL, just as years of experience (β=–0281, p = 0.024) and age (β = 0.235, p = 0.097) were for JS.

Conclusion
Healthcare professionals serving in the Nigerian Armed Forces have a fair perception of their QWL and JS.
Cultivating intellectual community in academia: reflections from the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN)
Authors: Burch Karly , Gugganig Mascha , Guthman Julie , Reisman Emily , Comi Matt , Brock Samara , Kagliwal Barkha , Freidberg Susanne , Baur Patrick , Heimstädt Cornelius , Sippel Sarah Ruth , Speakman Kelsey , Marquis Sarah , Argüelles Lucía , Biltekoff Charlotte , Broad Garrett , Bronson Kelly , Faxon Hilary , Frohlich Xaq , Ghosh Ritwick , Halfon Saul , Legun Katharine , Martin Sarah J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScholarship flourishes in inclusive environments where open deliberations and generative feedback expand both individual and collective thinking. Many researchers, however, have limited access to such settings, and most conventional academic conferences fall short of promises to provide them. We have written this Field Report to share our methods for cultivating a vibrant intellectual community within the Science and Technology Studies Food and Agriculture Network (STSFAN). This is paired with insights from 21 network members on aspects that have allowed STSFAN to thrive, even amid a global pandemic. Our hope is that these insights will encourage others to cultivate their own intellectual communities, where they too can receive the support they need to deepen their scholarship and strengthen their intellectual relationships.