bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Children with Aplastic Anemia and its Correlation with Disease Severity and Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Singh Anurag , Bhargawa Sharvan Kumar , Yadav Geeta , Kushwaha Rashmi , Verma Shailendra Prasad , Tripathi Tanya , Singh Uma Shankar , Tripathi Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Aplastic anemia (AA) is an uncommon condition characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 have been shown to inhibit myelopoiesis and are major mediators of tissue damage. The primary goal of this study was to determine the IL-6 and IL-8 levels in children with AA, as well as their relationship to illness severity and immunosuppressive medication response.

Materials and Methods:
The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were tested in 50 children aged 3–18 years who had AA. As controls, 50 healthy age and sex matched individuals were used. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (solid-phase) was used to measure IL-6 and IL-8 levels quantitatively. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in pg/mL were used to represent the results. Immunosuppressive medication was given to the patients in accordance with the British Committee for Standards in Haematology Guidelines 2009.

Results:
The patients’ average age was 11.3 ± 3.7 years. Patients with AA had significantly higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels than controls (278.88 ± 216.03 vs. 4.51 ± 3.26; P < 0.001) and (120.28 ± 94.98 vs. 1.79 ± 0.78; P < 0.001), respectively. The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were also investigated with respect to AA severity, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between different grading strata. Patients with very severe AA (VSAA) had the highest IL-6 levels (499.52 ± 66.19), followed by severe AA (SAA) (201.28 ± 157.77) and non-SAA (NSAA) (22.62 ± 14.63). For IL-8 levels, a similar trend (P < 0.01) was detected, with values of 209.81 ± 38.85, 92.12 ± 78.0, and 9.29 ± 10.68 for VSAA, SAA, and NSAA, respectively. After 6 months of immunosuppressive treatment (IST), mean levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in responders and nonresponders were again assessed. The mean IL-6 level in the responders’ group (46.50 ± 45.41) was significantly lower, when compared to the nonresponders’ group (145.76 ± 116.32) (P < 0.001). Similarly, the mean IL-8 level in the responder’s group (33.57 ± 27.14) was significantly lower, compared to the nonresponder’s group (97.49 ± 69.00) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Children with AA had higher IL-6 and IL-8 levels than normal age- and sex-matched controls. Increased levels were linked to the severity of the condition, suggesting that IL may have a role in AA. IL levels can be monitored in AA patients during IST, which can assist in predicting response to IST.
SD-Bioline Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance and Time to Become Negative After Treatment of Malaria Infection in Southwest Nigerian Children
Authors: Orimadegun Adebola Emmanuel , Dada-Adegbola Hannah O. , Michael Obaro S. , Adepoju Akinlolu Adedayo , Funwei Roland Ibenipere , Olusola Fiyinfoluwa Ibukun , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. , Ogunkunle Oluwatoyin O. , Ademowo Olusegun George , Jegede Ayodele Samuel , Baba Ebenezer , Hamade Prudence , Webster Jayne , Chandramohan Daniel , Falade Catherine Olufunke 
Published: July 2023

Context and Aim:
Given the challenges of microscopy, we compared its performance with SD-Bioline malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and evaluated the time it took for positive results to become negative after treatment of children with acute uncomplicated malaria.

Subjects and Methods:
We present the report of 485 participants with complete MRDT, microscopy, and PCR data out of 511 febrile children aged 3–59 months who participated in a cohort study over a 12-month period in rural and urban areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. MRDT-positive children received antimalaria and tested at every visit over 28 days. Speciation was also carried out by PCR.

Results:
With microscopy as the gold standard, SD-Bioline™ had 95.2% sensitivity, 66.4% specificity, 67.5% positive predictive value (PPV), and 94.9 negative predictive value (NPV), while with PCR the findings were 84.3% sensitivity, 66.5% specificity, 72.7% PPV, and 80.1% NPV. PCR speciation of malaria parasites revealed 91.6% Plasmodium
falciparum, 18.9% Plasmodium
malariae, and 4.4% Plasmodium ovale. Among the 47 children with P. malariae infections, 66.0% were coinfected with P. falciparum, while 54.6% cases of P. ovale occurred as coinfections with P. falciparum. The median time to a negative MRDT was 23.2 days, while the median time to a negative malaria microscopy was 3.8 days. The two survival curves were significantly different.

Conclusions:
The SD-BiolineTM MRDT performed well, with remarkable persistence of rapid test-positive for an average of 23 days post treatment. The prevalence of P. malaria is somewhat greater than expected.
Iberoamerican Civilizational Discourse: Cultural Dominants of Identity
Authors: Larionova M. V. 
Published: July 2023

Book Review: Ibero-America: The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. / Konstantinova, Natalia S. (Ed.) Ibero-America: The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national identity. – Moscow: ILA RAS, 2022 (in Russian). – 244 p.
Reflections on the Сoncept of Style in the Colonial Art of Latin America From the XVI<sup>th</sup> Through the XVIII<sup>th</sup> Century
Authors: Tananaeva L. I. 
Published: July 2023

Latin American art is extremely controversial and hard to analyze. To every thesis put forward by the researcher, an antithesis immediately arises. Formation and evolution of the colonial artistic style in Latin America from the XVIth through the XVIIIth century is always a challenge and, at the same time, an incentive for scholarly research, since it is a synthesis of styles borrowed from European art, first and foremost from Spain and Portugal, in the period lasting from the Middle Ages to Modern Times. The colonial powers served as a go-between in the process of adaptation, rooting and further development in Latin America of such regional styles as Mudéjar, Plateresque, Isabelino, Manueline, Churrigueresco, which left a profound imprint on the artistic culture of the New Continent. These artistic styles, embodied in architecture, decorative and monumental-decorative art of the colonies, underwent transformations as the cultural patterns of indigenous peoples started to resurge.Latin American Baroque was developed in the colonial Peru, by the so-called Andean school. The rich decoration of churches, the gilded ornaments, the carnival of images of all sorts testify to the fact that the indigenous artists had a view of their own of the cultural codes of the European world. By the end of the colonial period, when national identity was already solidly established in Latin America, local elements began to influence the borrowed European styles to an even greater extent, imbuing them with their own special pictorial vision, coining new and unique genres of their own. Those architectural and decorative configurations, modified in accordance with local traditions, with their original worldview and perception of beauty, paved the way to original Latin American artistic patterns that enabled them to transgress the boundaries, from the realm of artistic dialects to that of independent national styles.
Integration of Christ’s Love in Family Discipleship to Overcome Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in Generation Z
Authors: Hendrawan Ari Yunus , Wenas Maria Lidya , Gunawan Gunawan 
Published: July 2023

Generation Z (Gen Z) dominates Indonesia’s population, numbering 27.94%. Marked by their love for new technologies and fear of becoming “outdated”, these traits surely have a good impact on their development. However, these traits rise new negative impact: the fear of missing out (FOMO) which can lead to lower level of life satisfaction, psychological distress, and anxiety. Based on these problems, the study focuses on integrating the love of Christ in family discipleship to overcome FOMO in Gen Z. The authors used qualitative research approach by using literature review. Based on the review of various literature sources and idea framework building, the authors proposed three steps of discipleship in the family according to the love of Christ in overcoming FOMO. Firstly, discipleship is conducted by exposition to agape love concept, which has a role in shaping concept of self in the family environment. Gen Z is discipled by guiding them to receive God's love that provides forgiveness and restoration for sinners. Secondly, discipleship is conducted in family by exposition to storge love concept. Parents provide guidance and education lovingly without having to arouse Gen Z’s anger. Third, discipleship is conducted by exposition to philia love concept, which occurs in an environment of friendship. The family becomes a common place to exhibit Christlikeness in an atmosphere of friendship. Parents become friends to Gen Z and help them experience character and spiritual growth like a friend.
Spatial variability of Saharan dust deposition revealed through a citizen science campaign
Authors: Dumont Marie , Gascoin Simon , Réveillet Marion , Voisin Didier , Tuzet François , Arnaud Laurent , Bonnefoy Mylène , Bacardit Peñarroya Montse , Carmagnola Carlo , Deguine Alexandre , Diacre Aurélie , Dürr Lukas , Evrard Olivier , Fontaine Firmin , Frankl Amaury , Fructus Mathieu , Gandois Laure , Gouttevin Isabelle , Gherab Abdelfateh , Hagenmuller Pascal , Hansson Sophia , Herbin Hervé , Josse Béatrice , Jourdain Bruno , Lefevre Irene , Le Roux Gaël , Libois Quentin , Liger Lucie , Morin Samuel , Petitprez Denis , Robledano Alvaro , Schneebeli Martin , Salze Pascal , Six Delphine , Thibert Emmanuel , Trachsel Jürg , Vernay Matthieu , Viallon-Galinier Léo , Voiron Céline 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Saharan dust outbreaks have profound effects on ecosystems, climate, human health, and the cryosphere in Europe. However, the spatial deposition pattern of Saharan dust is poorly known due to a sparse network of ground measurements. Following the extreme dust deposition event of February 2021 across Europe, a citizen science campaign was launched to sample dust on snow over the Pyrenees and the European Alps. This somewhat improvised campaign triggered wide interest since 152 samples were collected from the snow in the Pyrenees, the French Alps, and the Swiss Alps in less than 4 weeks. Among the 152 samples, 113 in total could be analysed, corresponding to 70 different locations. The analysis of the samples showed a large variability in the dust properties and amount. We found a decrease in the deposited mass and particle sizes with distance from the source along the transport path. This spatial trend was also evident in the elemental composition of the dust as the iron mass fraction decreased from 11 % in the Pyrenees to 2 % in the Swiss Alps. At the local scale, we found a higher dust mass on south-facing slopes, in agreement with estimates from high-resolution remote sensing data. This unique dataset, which resulted from the collaboration of several research laboratories and citizens, is provided as an open dataset to benefit a large community and to enable further scientific investigations. Data presented in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7969515 (Dumont et al., 2022a).
An overview of sedimentary volcanism on Mars
Authors: Brož Petr , Oehler Dorothy , Mazzini Adriano , Hauber Ernst , Komatsu Goro , Etiope Giuseppe , Cuřín Vojtěch 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Extensive fields of sub-kilometre- to kilometre-scale mounds, cones, domes, shields, and flow-like edifices cover large parts of the martian lowlands. These features have been compared to structures on Earth produced by sedimentary volcanism – a process that involves subsurface sediment/fluid mobilisation and commonly releases methane to the atmosphere. It was proposed that such processes might help to explain the presence of methane in the martian atmosphere and may also have produced habitable, subsurface settings of potential astrobiological relevance. However, it remains unclear if sedimentary volcanism on Earth and Mars share genetic similarities and hence if methane or other gases were released on Mars during this process. The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge about mud-volcano-like structures on Mars, address the critical aspects of this process, identify key open questions, and point to areas where further research is needed to understand this phenomenon and its importance for the Red Planet's geological evolution. We show here that after several decades of exploration, the amount of evidence supporting martian sedimentary volcanism has increased significantly, but as the critical ground truth is still lacking, alternative explanations cannot be
ruled out. We also highlight that the lower gravity and temperatures on Mars compared to Earth control the dynamics of clastic eruptions and
surface emplacement mechanisms and the resulting morphologies of erupted material. This implies that shapes and triggering mechanisms of mud-volcano-like structures may be different from those observed on Earth. Therefore, comparative studies should be done with caution. To provide a
better understanding of the significance of these abundant features on Mars, we argue for follow-up studies targeting putative sedimentary volcanic features identified on the planet's surface and, if possible, for in situ investigations by landed missions such as that by the Zhurong rover.
Systematic Literature Review: Study Ethnobotany of Family Zingiberaceae in Several Ethnic Groups in Sumatra
Authors: Bidiarti Risna , Nurainas Nurainas , Syamsuardi Syamsuardi 
Published: July 2023

Ethnobotany reveals that the relationship between human life and plants is one that cannot be separated, One of the plant families that is most widely used in everyday life is Zingiberaceae, also known as the ginger tribe. Many local ethnic groups in Indonesia use the family Zingiberaceae as ingredients for medicines (ethnomedicin), ethno-economics, ethno-ecology, traditional or ritual processions, and ethnopharmacology. Local people from various ethnicities in the world take advantage of this family because of the large amount available in nature and its distinctive aroma and taste that are different from other families. Several ethnic groups have used the family Zingiberaceae as raw materials for traditional medicine, food ingredients, and cultural traditions for generations, namely the Lingga Malay ethnic group in the Riau Islands, the local Rupat Island community in Riau, the Toba Batak ethnic community in North Sumatra, and the Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra.
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, KUALITAS PRODUK, DAN KEMASAN PRODUK TERHADAP MINAT BELI PRODUK SKINCARE SOMETHINC
Authors: Muhammad Edy Supriyadi  
Published: July 2023

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh citra merek, kualitas produk, dan kemasan produk terhadap minat beli produk skincare Somethinc. Metode analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan data primer kuantitatif, tahap uji yang dilakukan adalah : uji validitas, reliabilitas, normalitas, regresi linear berganda, koefisien determinasi, uji F dan uji t. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen kuesioner, dan data valid yang berhasil dikumpulkan sebanyak 100 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah non probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat bantu pengujian yang digunakan adalah SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel citra merek tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli, sedangkan untuk variabel kualitas produk dan kemasan produk masing-masing berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap minat beli serta variabel yang paling dominan terhadap minat beli adalah variabel kemasan produk.
Relación entre crecimiento económico y medio ambiente en Ecuador a nivel provincial (Promedio 2010-2015)
Authors: García Diana J. , Ochoa Santiago 
Published: July 2023

La presente investigación analiza la relación entre el crecimiento económico y el medio ambiente en Ecuador a nivel provincial utilizando información promedio de 2010-2015. Para ello, se seleccionaron las principales variables económicas y ambientales como: densidad poblacional, tasa de analfabetismo, valor agregado bruto, población económicamente activa, ingreso total promedio del hogar, emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) y deforestación anual promedio. En la metodología utilizada, en primera instancia se realizó el cálculo de los promedios de las variables, posteriormente se desarrolla un índice de daño ambiental el cual fue correlacionado con cada una de las variables económicas en estudio y finalmente se realizó un análisis de Simulación Monte Carlo, lo cual arroja los valores máximos y mínimos que puede tomar el índice de daño ambiental en los próximos años si las condiciones en el período de análisis permanecen constantes. El análisis de correlación presentó valores positivos y negativos; lo cual es un indicador de que en Ecuador existen provincias en las cuales la relación entre crecimiento económico y Medioambiente es directa; mientras que en otras dicha correlación es inversa. Finalmente con la simulación Monte Carlo se concluye que en si las condiciones prevalecen las provincias de Guayas y Pichincha serán de las provincias con mayor daño ambiental influenciado por su crecimiento.
The Prevalence of Physicians’ Burnout Syndrome in Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, 2020
Authors: Elsadig Safinat A. , Eisawi Amna O. , Ahmed Zainab E. , Ali Huweida A. , Ali Abrar M. , Hammad Almoeiz Y. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Burnout is described as exploratory and qualitatively as a state of emotional exhaustion due to excessive demands on energy, strength or sources in workplace. It is characterized by physical symptoms such as exhaustion, fatigue, frequent headache, and gastrointestinal disorders, sleeplessness and behavioral signs include frustration, anger, a suspicious attitude omnipotence or overconfidence, cynicism and signs of depression.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study. The data was collected from 100 Physicians by a questionnaire specially prepared for the purposes of this study. Filling out the questionnaires was distributed by the research team in person. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions, with 9 questions attributed to each of the 3 risk factors (Depersonalization, Emotional Exhaustion, and Personal Accomplishment). Data was analyzed by using SPSS program version 26 and the result was represented in tables and figures.
Results: (72%) of the participant were females and (28 %) were males, age ranged between 2 and more than 51 years, age was categorized into three groups 20–30 (73%), 31–40 (20%) and 41–50 (5%) and more than 50 (2%). Participants were distributed in 6 different specialties with Pediatrics as the most represented specialty (18%). In the level of profession most of the participant were house officer (42%) followed by registrar (32%) and the least were specialist (4%). Levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, (77 %) of the sample had a high level of (EE), (54%) had a high level of (DP), and (14 %) had a low level of (PA). (19%) of the residents included in this study had a high level of burnout in all three do- mains of the index, and (93%) had a high level in at least one of the three. The high level of each burnout components distributed according to the research different demographic variables and the results of the inferential statistical tests. Males had higher levels of EE (82.8%), and DP (55%), and lower levels of PA (14.9%) than females (71.6%), (54%), (12.1%) respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed that burn out is highly prevalent among Ibrahim Malik hospital doctors, while female doctors had a higher degree burnout than males. Among the different professional levels, the highest percentage of burnout belonged to GPs and the lowest belonged to consultants .ER doctors suffered the most from burnout, whereas surgeons suffered the least. Several factors attributing to the burnout symptoms of these doctors have been identified.
A political history of child protection: Lessons for reform from Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Stanley Tony 
Published: July 2023

Review of 'A political history of child protection: Lessons for reform from Aotearoa New Zealand' by Ian Kelvin Hyslop

Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2022. ISBN 978-1-4473-5318-8, 214pp., Paperback, GBP24.99
Arabic Language and Contemporer Civilization (Capturing Arabic Language Roles in Contemporary Era)
Authors: Tahir Gustia 
Published: July 2023

Arabic language has no doubt been regarded an international language that is often used in official meetings. Besides English, Arabic can be used as the official language in international forums. Arabic is a language that has a uniqueness in terms of grammar and linguistics, therefore this language is studied in many countries around the world. Arabic has an important role in current contemporary world, especially as a medium of political, economic and cultural interaction. This paper portrays the role of Arabic in the contemporary era, especially its roles in in the development of civilization.
ANALISA KADAR LUMPUR AGREGAT HALUS DENGAN VOLUME ENDAPAN DI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH DAN KABUPATEN LIMAPULUH KOTA
Authors: Batubara Fanny Yuliana 
Published: July 2023

Pasir merupakan bahan pengisi dalam adukan yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi penyusutan, butiran yang cukup keras dan gradasi yang bervariasi,untuk menghasilkan spesi yang tahan terhadap pengaruh cuaca serta tahan juga pengaruh lain. Daerah Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota merupakan daerah penghasil pasir sungai. Pasir sungai merupakan pasir yang bersumber dari penggaliaan atau penambangan, Sungai-sungai yang terjal memiliki aliran yang deras, sehingga deposit dari partikel batu-batuannya akan bervariasi cukup besar pada suatu jarak tertentu yang biasanya butir halusnya tidak banyak dan batu-batuannya cukup bersih. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan adalah untuk mengetahui banyaknya kadar lumpur pada agregat halus (pasir) yang ada di Payakumbuh dan Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Ada beberapa pengujian untuk yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas pasir. Salah satu pengujian yang dilakukan adalah dengan pengujian kadar lumpur dalam pasir dengan cara endapan lumpur. Dari data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi pasir disaat hari hujan, sangat mempengaruhi besaran kadar lumpur yang ada pada pasir tersebut. Pada hari hujan kadar lumpur pada pasir memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan di hari panas. Untuk pasir taram memiliki nilai kadar lumpur 1 % pada musim panas sedangkan di musim hujan terdapat 4,2 %. Pasir Agam memiliki nilai kadar lumpur 2,1 % pada musim panas sedangkan di musim hujan terdapat 7,4 %. Pasir Sinamar memiliki nilai kadar lumpur 13,3 % pada musim panas sedangkan di musim hujan terdapat 9,1 %. Pasir Lampasi memiliki nilai kadar lumpur 1 % pada musim panas sedangkan di musim hujan terdapat 2,1 %.