bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of a Road Divider for Impact Testing and Material Selection
Authors: Patwardhan Devendra , Ghorpade Ratnakar R. , Karandikar Ketan V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Road divider is one of the most important things which needs to be worked on because many times vehicles are hit on the road divider which results in serious injury or death of the person because generally road dividers are made from concrete, and concrete does not have impact force reducing capacity. On the other side, composite materials like Bamboo-based polymer composite, foamed PVC-based composite and Jute fiber reinforced composites have a higher impact force absorbing capacity. The primary objective of this research is to select a material that is suitable to absorb the impact of the car and not to transfer any forces back in to the car, which will further avoid or reduce the overall impact of the injury to the passengers.
A study of Real-Time Non-invasive Detection Techniques to Identify COVID-19 contagious person
Authors: Tilekar Sayali , Karle Pallavi , Deore Ajit , Rushi Arti , Ghosh Prasanta Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The whole world has witnessed the global pandemic situation caused and hampered very badly due to COVID-19. We had seen the adverse effect globally, in terms of health, economy, social lifestyle. So, it’s an urgent need to find a rapid detection technique/test to avoid the spread of the virus. The most effective and world-wide accepted detection method of COVID-19 is the RT-PCR. But due to its slow detection time and False-negative rates, researchers and scientists are trying different detection methods such as use of GC-MS, E-nose, Electrochemical method, use of nanomaterial-based sensor arrays. But all these have limitations in terms of real time sensing, detection time, sample preparation, etc. In order to overcome said drawbacks and to get real-time analysis, we are proposing a concept for COVID-19 detection based on the reported literature. As per recent advancement researchers have evident the presence of VOCs in COVID-19 infected person’s breath by GC-MS method. A real time system is very much necessary to detect the VOCs in the Exhaled breath of the COVID-19 infected person to minimize the burden of healthcare system. In this article we will discuss and propose the probable detection techniques for real time sensing of the VOCs presence in the Exhaled breath of the COVID-19 infected person.
Variation in optical properties of Poly vinyl alcohol using zinc halide for UV region applications
Authors: Vinod Vignesh , Kale Mayuri , Deshmukh Anshuja , Deore Ajit , Nandimath Madhavi , Bhajantri Rajashekhar F. , Naik Jagadish 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Herein we report the optical properties of different amounts zinc halide added poly(vinyl alcohol) polymer composites and characterised for spectral absorbance. The composites shown appreciable optical properties as established by a UV–visible techniques. The composites were analysed by determining different optical parameters such as band tail energy of localised states, energy bandgap, optical susceptibility.
Physico-chemical properties of compression molded glass fiber reinforced polypropylene polymer composites
Authors: Bendure Sahil , Sharma Ankush , Patil Janhvi , Naik Jagadish , Jagtap Rahul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article reports the material properties of short random discontinuous oriented glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite is studied. The composite was prepared using compression molding process. The mechanical, structural, and thermal properties were observed by using universal testing machine, FTIR, XRD and DSC. The FTIR confirms the interaction between polypropylene and glass fibers. Semicrystalline nature is confirmed by XRD. The influence of temperature on viscosity and relaxation times in a material were analyzed using WLF and VTF equations. Mechanical stability is evaluated using stress -strain plots.
Galactic cosmic rays: latest results from the DAMPE mission
Authors: Parenti Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The space-based DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) particle detector has been taking data for more than 6 years since its successful launch in December 2015. Its main scientific goals include the indirect search of Dark Matter signatures in the cosmic lepton spectra, the study of Galactic Cosmic Rays up to energies of hundreds of TeV and high-energy gamma ray astronomy. This talk will focus on Galactic Cosmic Rays and the measurement of their spectra, fundamental to investigate the mechanisms of acceleration at their sources and propagation through the interstellar medium. The most recent results on Proton and Helium, which revealed new spectral features, will be highlighted. Ongoing analyses regarding the cosmic ray light component, medium and heavy mass nuclei will be discussed alongside studies on the so-called secondary cosmic rays.
Preliminary results for helium flux measured by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board the CSES-01 satellite
Authors: Panico Beatrice , Sotgiu Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) is one of the payloads on board of CSES-01, the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite dedicated to monitoring perturbations of electromagnetic fields, plasma and charged particle fluxes induced by natural sources and artificial emitters in the near-Earth space. It is a light and compact payload suitable for measuring electrons (3-100 MeV), protons (30-300 MeV), and light nuclei (up to a few hundreds of MeV) with a high energy resolution and a wide angular acceptance. It has been launched in February 2018 on a Low-Earth Orbit and an altitude of about 507 km with a foreseen mission lifetime of over 5 years. It is providing crucial new insight in the physical dynamics of the radiation belts in the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this work, a preliminary analysis on helium spectra with energy >60 MeV is presented.
Current Status of the HERD Space Mission Design
Authors: Silveri Leandro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
HERD (High Energy Radiation Detector) is a future experiment for space-based detection of cosmic rays and gamma ray astronomy onboard the Chinese Space Station. Its most innovative feature will be the event collection from 5 sides, and with its large size it will result in a one-order-of-magnitude jump in acceptance with respect to current largest calorimetric experiments. This will make possible to investigate cosmic ray spectra for each species up to the so-called knee region at PeV energies. The all-electron spectrum will be also measured up to about 10 TeV (depending on the actual flux) and the gamma sky will be studied with a large effective area from a few hundreds MeV up to few TeV, also allowing for the search for possible signatures from dark matter particles in our galaxy.
The NUSES space mission
Authors: De Mitri I. , Di Santo M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
NUSES is a new space mission aiming to test innovative observational and technological approaches related to the study of low energy cosmic and gamma rays, high energy astrophysical neutrinos, Sun-Earth environment, Space weather and magnetosphere-ionosphere-lithosphere coupling (MILC). The satellite will host two payloads, named TERZINA and ZIRÉ. ZIRÉ will perform measurements of electrons, protons and light nuclei from few up to hundreds of MeV, also testing new tools for the detection of cosmic MeV photons, and monitoring of MILC signals. TERZINA will observe the Cherenkov light produced by EAS generated by cosmic ray primaries at very high energies and will monitor the light emissions from the Earth limb in the near UV and visible ranges at the ns time scale, thus testing the observational concept of detecting Earth skimming astrophysical high energy neutrinos. The scientific objectives and development status of the mission will be presented.
The science of ultra-high energy cosmic rays after more than 15 years of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Deligny Olivier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Pierre Auger Observatory has been detecting ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) for more than fifteen years. An essential feature of the Observatory is its hybrid design: cosmic rays above 100 PeV are detected through the observation of the associated air showers with different and complementary techniques, from surface detector arrays and fluorescence telescopes to radio antennas. The analyses of the multi-detector data have enabled high-statistics and high-precision studies of the energy spectrum, mass composition and distribution of arrival directions of UHECRs. The resulting picture is summarized in this contribution. While no discrete source of UHECRs has been identified so far, the extragalactic origin of the particles has been recently determined from the arrival directions above 8 EeV, and the ring is closing around nearby astrophysical sites at higher energies. Also, the established upper limits on fluxes of UHE neutrinos and photons have implications on dark matter and cosmological aspects that are also presented in this contribution.
Optimizing the zenith angle dependence of cosmic ray muons from Charm particles in the knee region: simulation study
Authors: Ismail A. Haj , AbdelKader A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The muonic component of air showers is one of the most abundant component of charged particles arriving at the Earth’s surface, and able to penetrate deeply underground, and is very sensitive to the primary mass and energy of the initial cosmic particle. Atmospheric muons are produced in the propagation of different components of extensive air showers. Therefore, variations in the muon ratio, defined as the number of positive over negative charged muons, must be well understood. In this paper, we study the variation of the muon charge ratio of cosmic muons at different zenith angles, and we study the contribution of charm particles in producing atmospheric muons using Monte Carlo showers initiated by two cosmic primaries, proton and iron, with four energies [10 PeV, 100 PeV, 1 EeV, 10 EeV], in the zenith range of [0° to 60°].
Grimoire1 of the MAGIC telescopes
Authors: Manganaro Marina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov) telescopes are a system of two Cherenkov telescopes located on the Canary island of La Palma (Spain), at the Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory, and operating in stereo mode since 2009. Their design and dedicated trigger system allows to reach an energy threshold of 50 GeV, which can be lowered to 15 GeV when using the Sum-Trigger-II. This made it possible to observe sources at the limit of detection for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (z∼1) and to deeply study the Geminga pulsar tail emission. A strategy of alert follow-ups from other facilities and the fast repositioning of the telescopes made possible the detection of the first neutrino associated with a blazar and of gamma-ray bursts in the very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-ray band, respectively. Moreover, the discovery of GRB190114C allowed a test of general relativity through the study of the Lorentz Invariant Violation. Recently MAGIC observed the first VHE gamma-ray nova, RS Ophiuchi, revealing that protons are accelerated to hundreds of gigaelectronvolts in the nova shock. In this talk we will go through the MAGIC recent highlights in the study of galactic and extragalactic sources, spanning from multimessenger astronomy to astroparticle and fundamental physics.
Search for dark matter with IACTs and the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Morselli Aldo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the last decades an incredible amount of evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM) has been accumulating. At the same time, many efforts have been undertaken to try to identify what dark matter is made of. Indirect searches look at places in the Universe where dark matter is known to be abundant and seek for possible annihilation or decay signatures. Indirect searches with the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope and Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are playing a crucial role in constraining the nature of the DM particle through the study of their annihilation into gamma rays from different astrophysical structures. In this talk I will review the status of the search with IACTs and I will describe the sensitivity projections for dark matter searches on the various targets taking into account the latest instrument response functions expected for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) together with estimations for the systematic uncertainties from diffuse astrophysical and cosmic-ray backgrounds.
The Crystal Eye X and gamma-ray detector for space missions
Authors: Garufi F. , Abba A. , Anastasio A. , Barbarino G. , Barbato F. , Boiano A. , de Asmundis R. , De Mitri I. , Ferrentino L. , Guarino F. , Guida R. , Vanzanella A. , Wu L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Crystal Eye idea comes from the analysis of two gravitational waves events: GW170817 and GW190425. Both events were referred to neutron star mergers. In the first case Fermi-GBM and INTEGRAL claimed the detection of a short Gamma Ray Burst (GRB 170817A) and in order to follow up and target the GW electromagnetic counterparts, a huge effort has been made by other satellites and ground-based experiments. In the second case, only INTEGRAL claimed the detection of a faint GRB (GRB 190425) while Fermi satellite was in Earth occultation. Crystal Eye is a space-based X and γ ray all-sky monitor sensitive in the 10 keV - 30 MeV energy range. In its baseline configuration, it consists of a hemisphere, made by 112 pixels, with a wide (about 6 sr) field of view (FOV), a full sky coverage and a very large effective area (6 times Fermi-GBM at 1 MeV) in the energy range of interest. Given the pixel structure – a two-layer crystal scintillator and a plastic scintillator veto layer – and the hemispherical design, Crystal Eye concentrate the pointing capability of a γ-ray telescope and the sky coverage of an all-sky monitor in a single detector. Moreover, the use of Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) at the place of traditional PMs, besides being a challenge for their qualification for space missions, allows a more compact and less power-consuming design. A Crystal Eye pathfinder has been designed and realized to be tested in view of the mission on the Space Rider by ESA. The prototype is made by 4 pixels. The mission is aimed at testing in the space environment the LYSO crystals, the MPPC-arrays and the DAQ board.
Selected results from IceCube
Authors: Montaruli Teresa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Neutrino astronomy saw its birth with the discovery by IceCube of a difFuse flux at energies above 60 TeV with intensity comparable to a predicted upper limit to the flux from extra-galactic sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). While such an upper limit corresponds to the case of calorimetric sources, in which cosmic rays lose all their energy into photo-pion production, the first statistically significant coincident observation between neutrinos and gamma-rays was observed from a blazar of intriguing nature. A very-high-energy muon event, of most probable neutrino energy of 290 TeV for an E
−2.13 spectrum, alerted other observatories triggering a large amount of investigations in many bands of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. A high gamma-ray state from the blazar was revealed soon after the event and in a follow up to about 40 days. A posteriori observations also in the optical and in the radio indicated a rise of the flux from the TXS 0506+056 blazar. A previous excess of events of duration of more than 100 d was observed by IceCube with higher significance than the alert itself. These observations triggered more complex modelling than simple one zone proton synchrotron models for proton acceleration in jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and more observations across the EM spectrum.
A second evidence was a steady excess of about 50 neutrino events with reconstructed soft spectrum in a sample of lower energy well reconstructed muon events than the alert event. A hot spot was identified in a catalogue of 110 gamma-ray intense emitters and starburst galaxies in a direction compatible to NGC 1068 with significance of 2.9σ. NGC 1068 hosts a mildly relativistic jet in a starburst galaxy, seen not from the jet direction but rather through the torus. This Seyfert II galaxy is at only 14.4 Mpc from the Earth. The source turned out to be also the hottest spot of an all-sky search. Analysed cumulatively, the catalogue excess was 3.3σ with the contribution of NGC 1068 and TXS 0506+056, as expected, and other 2 sources, PKS 1424+240, and GB6 J1542+6129, with similar features to TXS 0506+056, indicating that they might all be Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs).
While all these observations and the directions of the measured events contributing to diffuse fluxes hint to their extra-galactic origin, a few percent level contribution might be the end of a lower energy ‘granted’ flux of neutrinos from interactions of cosmic rays in the Galactic Plane. This relevant observation is at the reach of IceCube and other neutrino telescopes. These aspects were discussed at the conference and are summarised in this write up.
KM3NeT/ARCA Sensitivity for Constraining Starburst Galaxies
Authors: Ambrosone A. , Ibnsalih W. I. , Marinelli A. , Miele G. , Migliozzi P. , Musone M. R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The expectation for detecting with the KM3NeT/ARCA telescope, signals from Starburst Galaxies, both as diffuse signal and as point-like excess, is presented. A recent theoretical model was used for the diffused flux. The model, which has been developed by authors of this contribution, takes into account a “blending” of spectral indices to describe the spectral energy distribution. For the point-like search approach, the most promising local starburst galaxies to be observed as point-like neutrino excesses were considered: NGC 1068, the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Circinus Galaxy. For the diffuse analysis, the sensitivity for two ARCA building blocks is provided, considering both track and shower events, in the range of 100GeV − 100PeV. For the point-like analysis, the sensitivity for two ARCA building blocks is provided considering only track events. ARCA has the potential to constrain the selected phenomenological scenarios, showing the minimum of the sensitivity where the theoretical spectral energy distributions are expected to peak. This could provide evidence of the link between star-forming processes and hadronic emissions.
Hyper-Kamiokande detector and its capabilities in astrophysical neutrino search
Authors: Ruggeri Alan Cosimo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a next generation underground large water Cherenkov detector. Its tank will be filled with 260000 metric tons of ultra-pure water with a fiducial volume of 0.19 Mtons, which is about 8 times larger than that of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. In its water volume, Cherenkov light will be produced by neutrino interactions and detected by newly developed photo sensors installed in a dedicated frame.
Two different kinds of photo-detectors systems are considered for Hyper-K: 20-inch PMT and multi-PMT (mPMT). In particular, the mPMT system consists of a pressure sealed vessel with 19 3-inch PMTs installed inside. This configuration was implemented for the first time in the KM3NeT experiment, and has been demonstrated to improve the Hyper-K physics capabilities [1, 2].
Hyper-K will be located in the Kamioka mine (Japan), where a dedicated cavern under a 600m-high mountain is being excavated for the installation of the detector. With its fruitful physics research program, Hyper-K will play a highly significant role in the next neutrino physics frontier, in particular for the CP violation, and including the neutrino astrophysics program, providing important information from its measurements.
The physics potential of the Hyper-K neutrino astrophysics program will be discussed in this contribution.
Search for gravitational waves associated with Gamma Ray Bursts during the LIGO-Virgo run O3b
Authors: Di Girolamo T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present the search for gravitational waves associated with Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi and Swift satellites during the second part of the third observing run (O3b) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, from 2019 November 1 to 2020 March 27. This search is carried out with two different methods, a modelled search targeting compact binary mergers with at least one neutron star, which is used for 17 short GRBs, and a search for generic transients, used for all the 86 GRBs. We find no statistically significant gravitational wave signal associated with any of these GRBs. Considering several source types and signal morphologies, we set lower bounds on the estimated distance to each GRB.
Einstein Telescope, the future generation of ground based gravitational wave detectors
Authors: Grado Aniello 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The second-generation gravitational wave detectors Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have shown their breakthrough capability to shed light on our understanding of the Universe. Although the steady increase in sensitivity, these detectors will hit in the future limitations due to their hosting infrastructures. This is the reason why a new generation of gravitational wave detectors are under studies. The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned European 3
rd
generation gravitational Wave (GW) Observatory, a new research infrastructure designed to host a detector capable to observe the entire Universe using gravitational waves. ET will be a multi-interferometer observatory aiming to increase a factor ten the sensitivity of previous generation detectors. We will give an overview of the project, describe the main scientific goals and the technological challenges that must be overcome to reach the expected sensitivity.
Per un pugno di libri … scientifici : a divulgation project for high-school students
Authors: Burgio G F , Aramo C , Cicalò C , Colalillo R , Fanti V , Nannini A , Pacini G , Piparo G , Pirrone S , Sasso C , Scotti V , Serri G , Tricomi A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We discuss the project “Per un pugno di libri … scientifici”, aimed at bringing the young generations closer to scientific culture through reading divulgation books about physics. The project, which is addressed to high-school students, is sponsored by INFN and other national and regional research institutions, along with physics departments of some Italian universities.
Performance of CMS Tracker Alignment during LHC Run 2 and Commissioning towards Run 3
Authors: Pramod Lakshmi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The CMS experiment’s innermost detector, the tracker, is designed to accurately measure the momentum of charged particles and reconstruct the primary vertices. As the operating conditions during data-taking change frequently, movements may occur in the substructures of the tracker, thereby necessitating regular updating of the detector geometry to describe the position, orientation, and curvature of the tracker modules. The process of determining the new geometry parameters is called tracker alignment. Tracker alignment is performed numerous times throughout the data-taking period using reconstructed tracks from collisions and cosmic rays data and further fine-tuned once the data collection is completed. The strategies for and the performance of the tracker alignment during Run 2 (2016-2018) will be presented, emphasising the ultimate accuracy achieved with the legacy reprocessing. The data-driven techniques used to derive the alignment parameters and the methods used to validate the alignment performance will be reviewed. Finally, the preparations of CMS towards tracker alignment during Run 3 (2022-2025)–in particular, the very first alignment performed after the LHC Long Shutdown 2, with cosmic ray muons and collision data at

s

=
900

GeV–will be discussed.