bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Medical Students
Authors: Heidari Arash , Motamed Mahtab , Rahimi Forushani Abbas , Alaghband-Rad Javad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the two most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders affecting communication and behavior. The co-occurrence of these conditions is probable and can contribute to several challenges in adaptive functioning and academic achievement.
In this cross-sectional study, 168 Iranian medical students (107 female, 61 male) studying at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were enrolled. We administered the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised (RAADS-R) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) questionnaires online to assess different symptoms of ASD and ADHD in our sample. In this study, the RAADS-R was translated into Persian and validated for the first time in Iran.
The correlation tests demonstrated a significant association between the total score and different subscales' scores of the RAADS-R and the total score and the two subscales' scores of the ASRS questionnaire (p < 0.001, 0.27 < Spearman correlation coefficient < 0.51). This study also illustrated a high prevalence of ASD and ADHD symptoms among the participants. Moreover, male respondents had a significantly higher prevalence of ASD symptoms (57.3% in males vs. 28.03% in females, p < 0.001).
This study indicated that the distinct impairments in behavior and cognition attributed to ASD and ADHD could be common manifestations in medical students. Given that the co-occurrence of these disorders may lead to significant challenges in their professional life, the early diagnosis and subsequent support for medical students with co-occurring expressions of ASD and ADHD could be extremely helpful, as it could indirectly improve the medical services provided to patients by future physicians, leading to an improvement in public health.
Undiagnosing St Joan
Authors: Phillips James , Fallon Brian , Majeed Salman , Meador Keith , Merlino Joseph , Neely Hunter , Nields Jenifer , Saunders David , Norko Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article traces the history of Joan of Arc through her brief life that includes leading an army in defense of France at the age of 17 and ending with her death at the stake at the age of 19. In her activities, St Joan reported that she was guided by voices and visions in which she communicated with venerated spiritual figures such as St Michael and St Margaret. Questions have arisen about the nature of these experiences, and various medical and psychiatric diagnoses have been offered by contemporary experts. In our effort to evaluate the diagnostic proposals, we have examined the incidence of voices and visions in the Middle Ages, and we have followed that with a review of nonpathologic voice-hearing in our own era. We then move on to an analysis of some proposed medical and psychiatric diagnoses, all of which we find unconvincing. With this background, we argue that St Joan does not warrant a medical or psychiatric diagnosis. Such a conclusion, however, leaves us with another issue, that of Joan's achievements. How do we understand an adolescent being able to lead an army? Addressing this question proves more difficult than deciding whether St Joan warrants a diagnosis. In addition to her achievements in the war against Britain, Joan of Arc stands out as both the most documented person in Western civilization up until her era, and as the only person who has been both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church.
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis is essential for coordinated energy transformation
Authors: Haumann Friederike , Evangelakos Ioannis , Worthmann Anna , Liebold Imke , Kotschi Stefan , Bischoff Almut Turid , Neuhofer Christiane M. , Schweizer Michaela , Heine Markus ,   the mitoNET consortium, Büchner Boriana , Klopstock Thomas , Prehn Cornelia , Dyar Kenneth Allen , Prokisch Holger , Bosurgi Lidia , Heeren Joerg , Bartelt Alexander , Kubisch Christian , Schlein Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMitochondria warrant cellular energy demands by generating energy equivalents in central carbon metabolism. They are also able to newly synthesize fatty acids via mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS), however, the role of mtFAS for systemic metabolism has been poorly investigated. Here we show that mitochondrial Trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase (MECR), a key enzyme of mtFAS, critically regulates cellular and systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. In mice, liver or adipose tissue-specific deletion ofMecrreduces the capacity for aerobic glycolytic catabolism and lipogenesis and causes severe mitochondrial as well as fatal parenchymal organ dysfunction. Mechanistically, mtFAS is essential for pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, resulting in low NAD(P)H synthesis and reduced non-mitochondrial lipogenesis. In different human mitochondriopathies we further identify a dysregulation of mtFAS-associated lipid species, thus linking inherited mitochondrial disease to mtFAS. In summary, we introduce mtFAS as an important player in metabolic health via facilitating cellular glycolysis-derived metabolite transformation ultimately linking mtFAS to mitochondrial function and diseases.
Sensitivity analysis-guided Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Neural Mass Models: Applications in Epilepsy
Authors: Puthanmadam Subramaniyam Narayan , Hyttinen Jari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is well established that neural mass models (NMMs) can effectively simulate the mesoscopic and macroscopic dynamics of electroencephalography (EEG), including epileptic EEG. However NMMs are characterized by a high-dimensional parameter space and a lack of knowledge on what NMM parameters can be reliably estimated, thus limiting their application to clinical EEG data. In this article, we analyze the parameter sensitivity of Jansen and Rit NMM (JR NMM) in order to identify the most sensitive NMM parameters for reliable parameter estimation from EEG data. We also propose a joint estimation method for NMM states and parameters based on expectation–maximization combined with unscented Kalman smoother (UKS-EM). Global sensitivity analysis methods including Morris method and Sobol method are used to perform sensitivity analysis. Results from both the Morris and Sobol method show that the average inhibitory synaptic gain,Band the time constant of the average inhibitory post-synaptic potentials (PSPs),b−1have significant impact on the JR NMM output along with having the least interaction with other model parameters. The UKS-EM method for estimating the parametersBandbis validated using simulations under varying levels of measurement noise. Finally we apply the UKS-EM algorithm to intracranial EEG data from 16 epileptic patients. Our results, both at individual and group-level show that the parametersBandbchange significantly between the pre-seizure and seizure period, and between the seizure and post-seizure period, with transition to seizure characterized by decrease in averageBand high frequency activity in seizure characterized by an increase inb. These results establish sensitivity analysis guided Bayesian parameter estimation as a powerful tool for reducing the parameter space of high dimensional NMMs enabling reliable and efficient estimation of the most sensitive NMM parameters, with the potential for online and fast tracking of NMM parameters in applications such as seizure tracking and control.
When and why does motor preparation arise in recurrent neural network models of motor control?
Authors: Schimel Marine , Kao Ta-Chu , Hennequin Guillaume 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDuring delayed ballistic reaches, motor areas consistently display movement-specific activity patterns prior to movement onset. It is unclear why these patterns arise: while they have been proposed to seed an initial neural state from which the movement unfolds, recent experiments have uncovered the presence and necessity of ongoing inputs during movement, which may lessen the need for careful initialization. Here, we modelled the motor cortex as an input-driven dynamical system, and we asked what the optimal way to control this system to perform fast delayed reaches is. We find that delay-period inputs consistently arise in an optimally controlled model of M1. By studying a variety of network architectures, we could dissect and predict the situations in which it is beneficial for a network to prepare. Finally, we show that optimal input-driven control of neural dynamics gives rise to multiple phases of preparation during reach sequences, providing a novel explanation for experimentally observed features of monkey M1 activity in double reaching.
Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin are early biomarkers for development of endotheliopathy in trauma and hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Chance Tiffani C. , Meledeo Michael A. , Cap Andrew P. , Darlington Daniel N. , Bynum James A. , Wu Xiaowu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe causes of endotheliopathy are multifactorial and trauma dependent, and the temporal mechanistic link that it has with acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) has yet to be fully determined. Therefore, we sought to define early characteristics and markers of endotheliopathy in two rat models, a time-course of acute lethal hemorrhage shock and polytrauma with hemorrhagic shock, to answer the following questions: (1) how soon can elevated biomarkers of endotheliopathy be detected in non-survivable (decompensated) hemorrhagic shock; (2) does extended hemorrhage time and accumulated hemorrhage impact biomarker levels; and (3) does the addition of polytrauma contribute to the further elevation of said biomarkers? In this study, we delineated a significant, acute elevation in end plasma levels of syndecan-1, thrombomodulin, and heparan sulfate, whose shedding patterns are a function of time as well as total hemorrhage volume vs. the addition of polytrauma. Additionally, we found that correlation of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin to lactate levels and prothrombin times at trauma end revealed a potential for these markers to acutely predict downstream consequences of these trauma indications. Our results are of great relevance to the continued effort towards the identification and characterization of vascular dysfunction for early interventions in combat casualty care.
Optimal design of electrodes for functional electrical stimulation applications to single layer isotropic tissues
Authors: Cassar Mary Grace , Sebu Cristiana , Pidcock Michael , Chandak Shubham , Andrews Brian 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the design of skin surface electrodes for functional electrical stimulation using an isotropic single layered model of the skin and underlying tissue. A concentric ring electrode geometry was analysed and compared with a conventional configuration, specifically to localise and maximise the activation at depth and minimise the peak current density at the skin surface.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical formulation determines the spatial electric potential distribution in the tissue, using the solution to the Laplace equation in the lower half space subject to boundary conditions given by the complete electrode model and appropriate asymptotic decay. Hence, it is shown that the electric potential satisfies a weakly singular Fredholm integral equation of the second kind which is then solved numerically in MATLAB for a novel concentric ring electrode configuration and the conventional two disk side-by-side electrode configuration.FindingsIn both models, the electrode geometry can be optimised to obtain a higher activation and lower maximum current density. The concentric ring electrode configuration, however, provides improved performance over the traditional two disk side-by-side electrode configuration.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, only a single layer of medium was investigated. A comparison with multilayer tissue models andin vivovalidation of numerical simulations are required.Originality/valueThe developed mathematical approaches and simulations revealed the parameters that influence nerve activation and facilitated the theoretical comparison of the two electrode configurations. The concentric ring configuration potentially may have significant clinical advantages.
Is satisfaction a moderator? The effect of sensory experience on perceived environmental sustainability and WOM: a study on the world's first organic state – Sikkim, India
Authors: Nukhu Rhulia , Singh Sapna 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe study seeks to analyze the influence of sensory experience on perceived environmental sustainability and word-of-mouth (WOM) of tourists and residents. The study also tests the moderation effect of satisfaction on the relationship between perceived environmental sustainability and WOM.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in Sikkim, a state in the northeastern part of India, which is regarded as the world's first organic state. The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, the data were collected from the tourists. And in the second phase, data were collected from the residents. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 700 tourists and residents in Sikkim. Out of these only 484 responses were considered for the study. Multivariate analyses were done using SPSS software and packages like Process Macro, and Amos to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings of the study indicated that sensory experience significantly influences perceived environmental sustainability and WOM. The study model fit with GFI = 0.955, CFI = 0.946 NFI = 0.929 and RMSEA = 0.07. The findings also indicate that satisfaction moderates the relation between sensory experience and word-of-mouth with apvalue = 0.018.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted in Sikkim and it used a convenience sampling method. Therefore, the study cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsAn emphasis on building an organic brand image can positively impact the local community. A study of this kind will encourage the community to work toward sustainable development.Originality/valueThe study is unique as it explores the evaluation of destination environmental sustainability. And it is one of the first to test the impact of satisfaction in the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in the context of the tourism experience.
How does Salam financing affect farmers’ income? A system dynamics approach
Authors: Sifa Eka Nurhalimatus , Wiryono Sudarso Kaderi 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This study aims to simulate and compare the effect of two financing schemes, Salam and conventional financing, on farmers’ cash flows.

Design/methodology/approach
The system dynamics simulation is used to conduct a multiple scenario-driven analysis to understand the behavior and the dynamic patterns concerning relationships among the variables in the model that are chosen and parameterized using both qualitative and quantitative data collected from West Java, Indonesia.

Findings
The authors affirm that farmers cannot rely solely on paddy fields and should seek other livelihoods to support their daily needs. The main finding is that the Salam scheme provides a higher income that can contribute to improving farmer welfare. The Islamic scheme also requires less adjustment than the standard scheme to meet the farmers’ needs.

Research limitations/implications
The probable effect of implementing the Salam method is not considered from the point of view of the financiers, as the scope of the study is limited to farmers. Furthermore, the implications of this study and recommendations for future research are presented.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study adds to the extensive literature on Salam financing by being among the first to provide a quantifiable evaluation of the Islamic method compared to its conventional counterpart.
Residential satisfaction with affordable housing in northern Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Ferial 
Published: April 2023

PurposeThe current study is an attempt to investigate the residential satisfaction and prioritize effective components on residents' satisfaction based on household surveys conducted in eight Mehr housing complexes in Mazandaran province located in different counties of this region.Design/methodology/approachIn the current work, using software of SmartPLS 3, second-order confirmatory factor analysis has been employed to evaluate and rank influential factors on residents' satisfaction.FindingsAs a result of descriptive analysis, 51.8% of the respondents were highly satisfied with Mehr housing complexes. Moreover, the results showed that there was the highest level of satisfaction (76.3%) with the security, while the lowest one (34.4%) was related to satisfaction with the facilities of the housing complexes. The standardized coefficients obtained showed that the components of physical characteristics (0.901), facility (0.863), neighborhood relationship (0.810), visual quality (0.774), security (0.737) and environmental health (0.715) have the most influence on the satisfaction of the residents, respectively.Originality/valueThis paper proved that migration has a significant effect on the level of residents' satisfaction, in multicultural cities. Therefore, it is crucial to promote social interaction and involvement among different ethnic groups in residential complexes that can result in intimacy, hence satisfying sociocultural needs, improving neighborhood relationships and consequent satisfaction of residents in Mehr housing projects in Iran.
A review on flexible dye-sensitized solar cells as new sustainable energy resources
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Ranjbar Zahra 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs).

Design/methodology/approach
In the third generation solar cells, glass was used as a substrate, which due to its high weight and fragility, was not possible to produce continuously. However, in flexible solar cells, flexible substrates are used as new technology. The most important thing may choose a suitable substrate to produce a photovoltaic (PV) device with optimal efficiency.

Findings
Conductive plastics or metallic foils are the two main candidates for glass replacement, each with its advantages and disadvantages. As some high-temperature methods are used to prepare solar cells, metal substrates can be used to prepare PV devices without any problems. In contrast to the advantage of high thermal resistance in metals, metal substrates are dark and do not transmit enough light. In other words, metal substrates have a high loss of photon energy. Like all technologies, PV devices with polymer substrates have technical disadvantages.

Practical implications
In this study, the development of FDSSCs offers improved photovoltaic properties.

Social implications
The most important challenge is the poor thermal stability of polymers compared to glass and metal, which requires special methods to prepare polymer solar cells. The second important point is choosing the suitable components and materials for this purpose.

Originality/value
Dependence of efficiency and performance of the device on the angle of sunlight, high-cost preparation devices components, limitations of functional materials such as organic-mineral sensitizers, lack of close connection between practical achievements and theoretical results and complicated fabrication process and high weight.
Enforced Disappearances and Torture Today: A View from Analytical Psychology
Authors: Luci Monica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn very rare cases, individuals survive the atrocities of abduction, imprisonment and torture that are part of the hallmark of enforced disappearances. Cases of people who survive torture and seek asylum in a third country help us understand some important aspects related to the crime of enforced disappearance.In the psychotherapy of torture survivors, at an early stage and for a long time, words often do not convey the core of the patient’s experience. Survivors usually have tormented bodies in which individual and collective violence, hatred, anger, guilt and shame are painfully inscribed. Corporeal countertransference becomes the only possible way for a therapist to get in touch with a survivor’s experience through a kind of body‐to‐body communication.The centrality of the body in these therapies suggests that the body is the involuntary recipient and container of mass political atrocities and, for this reason, the place where, in the case of horrific social violence, the possibility of social “knowing” is stored and can be retrieved. Thus, when it comes to forced disappearance, the determination of the relatives to get to the truth through the discovery of the remains of their disappeared demonstrates the importance of the body as the final witness of what happened, beyond any possible manipulation.
Confirming the identity of the Hypogeococcus species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) associated with Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton (Cactaceae) in Australia: implications for biological control
Authors: Ezeh Angela E. , Hereward James P. , Day Michael D. , Taylor Tamara , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDetermining the identity of potential control agents is critical to successful biological control and can contribute to our understanding of the failures of previous introductions, especially in cases where host‐associated cryptic species may be present. In 1975, a mealybug was introduced into Australia from Argentina for the classical biological control of the invasive cactus Harrisia martinii (Cactaceae). This cactus also originates from Argentina and is an environmental and agricultural weed in parts of Australia. Since its release, the imported mealybug species has been incorrectly referred to as Hypogeococcus festerianus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the applied literature, and its performance as a biological control agent has been considered poor in some locations. In this study, the identities of mealybug specimens collected from 10 locations in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, were assessed. The genetic, morphological and reproductive characteristics of these specimens were compared with those of two congeneric mealybug species, Hypogeococcus pungens sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Hypogeococcus festerianus. Specimens from the different Australian localities examined were all very similar to each other morphologically and genetically, based on comparisons of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. The morphological features of all the specimens were typical of Hypogeococcus pungens sensu stricto. H. pungens is now considered to constitute a species complex, and the specimens from Australia are genetically similar to the Cactaceae clade of this species complex from Argentina. In common with H. pungens s. s., the insects collected in Australia can also reproduce parthenogenetically. These findings help confirm that all populations of the mealybug in Australia are not H. festerianus, but part of the H. pungens cryptic species complex. There is no mismatch between this agent and the host plant in Australia, as H. martinii is one of the host plants of the most closely related cryptic species of H. pungens in the native range in Argentina. Thus, despite the original confusion around its identity, the variable performance of the introduced mealybug as a biological control agent of H. martini in Australia is likely due to other factors, and these require further investigation.