bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure‐Property Relationship of Conjugated Polymers Utilizing Isomerized Fused Benzothiadiazole‐Based Building Blocks†
Authors: Liu Jingyu , Li Wenhao , Xian Kaihu , Liu Zhongwei , Li Yanru , Yao Xiang , Ye Long , Zhao Yan , Fei Zhuping 
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive SummaryOnly a few fused benzothiadizole (BTz) based conjugated polymers have been applied in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), and their performances were low, mainly due to the lack of available building blocks and in‐depth study of the relationship between structure and performance. Herein, we report two isomeric fused BTz‐based building blocks (M1 and M2) and their copolymers PBTzVBTz‐T and PBTzVBTz‐TT, PTVT‐T and PTVT‐TT. DFT study showed all polymers had nearly planar backbone geometries, and PBTzVBTz‐TT exhibited the most linear backbone. PTVT‐T and PTVT‐TT exhibited red‐shift absorption spectra and deeper LUMO level than those of PBTzVBTz‐T and PBTzVBTz‐TT. Thin film microstructure study demonstrated PBTzVBTz‐TT and PTVT‐TT had edge‐on molecular orientation, while the others had the mixed molecular orientation of edge‐on and face‐on. Furthermore, PBTzVBTz‐TT had the longest coherence length in thin film. All these features of PBTzVBTz‐TT resulted in its highest carrier mobility of 0.1 cm2·V–1·s–1 among these polymers.
Cholinergic projections to the preBötzinger complex
Authors: Biancardi Vivian , Yang Xiaqiu , Ding Xiuqing , Passi Dhruv , Funk Gregory D. , Pagliardini Silvia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRhythmic inspiratory activity is generated in the preBötzinger complex (preBötC), a neuronal network located bilaterally in the ventrolateral medulla. Cholinergic neurotransmission affects respiratory rhythmogenic neurons and inhibitory glycinergic neurons in the preBötC. Acetylcholine has been extensively investigated given that cholinergic fibers and receptors are present and functional in the preBötC, are important in sleep/wake cycling, and modulate inspiratory frequency through its action on preBötC neurons. Despite its role in modulating inspiratory rhythm, the source of acetylcholine input to the preBötC is not known. In the present study, we used retrograde and anterograde viral tracing approaches in transgenic mice expressing Cre‐recombinase driven by the choline acetyltransferase promoter to identify the source of cholinergic inputs to the preBötC. Surprisingly, we observed very few, if any, cholinergic projections originating from the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (LDT/PPT), two main cholinergic, state‐dependent systems long hypothesized as the main source of cholinergic inputs to the preBötC. On the contrary, we identified glutamatergic and GABAergic/glycinergic neurons in the PPT/LDT that send projections to the preBötC. Although these neurons contribute minimally to the direct cholinergic modulation of preBötC neurons, they could be involved in state‐dependent regulation of breathing. Our data also suggest that the source of cholinergic inputs to the preBötC appears to originate from cholinergic neurons in neighboring regions of the medulla, the intermediate reticular formation, the lateral paragigantocellularis, and the nucleus of the solitary tract.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and subsequent risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
Authors: Schliep Karen C. , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Meeks Huong , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken R. , Majersik Jennifer J. , Foster Norman L. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Østbye Truls , Tschanz JoAnn , Padbury James F. , Sharma Surrendra , Zhang Yue , Facelli Julio C. , Abdelrahman C. Samir , Theilen Lauren , Varner Michael W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionWomen with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether HDP is also associated with later‐life dementia has not been fully explored.MethodsUsing the Utah Population Database, we performed an 80‐year retrospective cohort study of 59,668 parous women.ResultsWomen with, versus without, HDP, had a 1.37 higher risk of all‐cause dementia (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26, 1.50) after adjustment for maternal age at index birth, birth year, and parity. HDP was associated with a 1.64 higher risk of vascular dementia (95% CI: 1.19, 2.26) and 1.49 higher risk of other dementia (95% CI: 1.34, 1.65) but not Alzheimer's disease dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.24). Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia showed similar increased dementia risk. Nine mid‐life cardiometabolic and mental health conditions explained 61% of HDP's effect on subsequent dementia risk.DiscussionImproved HDP and mid‐life care could reduce the risk of dementia.
The effect of physiographic and hydrologic complexities and their alterations on the distribution of obligate freshwater dolphins
Authors: Rai Anu , Bashir Tawqir , Lagunes–Díaz Elio Guarionex , Shrestha Bibek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhysiographic and hydrologic complexities play major role in determining the habitat suitability for river dolphins. However, dams and other water development structures alter hydrologic regimes that degrade habitat conditions. For the three extant species of obligate freshwater dolphins, namely: Amazon dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), Ganges dolphin (Platanista gangetica), and Indus dolphin (Platanista minor), the threat is high as dams and water‐based infrastructure dotted throughout their distribution range impact dolphin populations by restricting their movement. But there is also evidence of localized increase in dolphin population in certain segments of habitats affected by such hydrologic alterations. Hence, the impacts of hydrologic alterations on dolphin distribution are not as binary as it seems. We aimed to ascertain the role of hydrologic and physiographic complexities in determining the distribution of the dolphins in their geographic ranges using density plot analysis and also to understand how hydrologic alterations in the rivers affect their distribution using a combination of density plot analysis and review of literature. The influence of some of the study variables such as distance to confluence and sinuosity was similar across species—for instance, all three dolphin species preferred slightly sinuous river segments and habitats near confluences. However, varying influences across species were observed for some other variables such as river order and river discharge. We assessed 147 cases of impacts of hydrological alterations on dolphin distribution by categorizing the reported impacts in nine broad types out of which habitat fragmentation accounted for the majority of the impacts (35%) followed by habitat reduction (24%). These endangered species of freshwater megafauna will experience further intensified pressures as more large‐scale hydrologic modifications such as damming and diversion of rivers are underway. In this context, basin‐scale water‐based infrastructural development planning should take into consideration the salient ecological requirements of these species to ensure their long‐term survival.
Metabarcoding analysis identifies high diversity of harmful algal bloom species in the coastal waters of the Beibu Gulf
Authors: He Liyan , Yu Zhiming , Xu Xin , Zhu Jianan , Yuan Yongquan , Cao Xihua , Song Xiuxian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHarmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred more frequently in recent years. In this study, to investigate their potential impact in the Beibu Gulf, short‐read and long‐read metabarcoding analyses were combined for annual marine phytoplankton community and HAB species identification. Short‐read metabarcoding showed a high level of phytoplankton biodiversity in this area, with Dinophyceae dominating, especially Gymnodiniales. Multiple small phytoplankton, including Prymnesiophyceae and Prasinophyceae, were also identified, which complements the previous lack of identifying small phytoplankton and those unstable after fixation. Of the top 20 phytoplankton genera identified, 15 were HAB‐forming genera, which accounted for 47.3%–71.5% of the relative abundance of phytoplankton. Based on long‐read metabarcoding, a total of 147 OTUs (PID > 97%) belonging to phytoplankton were identified at the species level, including 118 species. Among them, 37 species belonged to HAB‐forming species, and 98 species were reported for the first time in the Beibu Gulf. Contrasting the two metabarcoding approaches at the class level, they both showed a predominance of Dinophyceae, and both included high abundances of Bacillariophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Prymnesiophyceae, but the relative contents of the classes varied. Notably, the results of the two metabarcoding approaches were quite different below the genus level. The high abundance and diversity of HAB species were probably due to their special life history and multiple nutritional modes. Annual HAB species variation revealed in this study provided a basis for evaluating their potential impact on aquaculture and even nuclear power plant safety in the Beibu Gulf.
Polypyrrole‐boosted photothermal energy storage in MOF‐based phase change materials
Authors: Liu Panpan , Huang Mengke , Chen Xiao , Gao Yan , Li Yang , Dong Cheng , Wang Ge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfiltrating phase change materials (PCMs) into nanoporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is accepted as a cutting‐edge thermal energy storage concept. However, weak photon capture capability of pristine MOF‐based composite PCMs is a stumbling block in solar energy utilization. Towards this goal, we prepared advanced high‐performance pristine MOF‐based photothermal composite PCMs by simultaneously integrating photon absorber guest (polypyrrole [PPy]) and thermal storage guest (1‐octadecanol [ODA]) into an MOF host (Cr‐MIL‐101‐NH2). The coated PPy layer on the surface of ODA@MOF not only serves as a photon harvester, but also serves as a phonon enhancer. Resultantly, ODA@MOF/PPy composite PCMs exhibit intense and broadband light absorption characteristic in the ultraviolet–visible–near‐infrared region, and higher heat transfer ability than ODA@MOF. Importantly, the photothermal conversion and storage efficiency of ODA@MOF/PPy‐6% is up to 88.3%. Additionally, our developed MOF‐based photothermal composite PCMs also exhibit long‐standing antileakage stability, energy storage stability, and photothermal conversion stability. The proposed coating strategy and in‐depth understanding mechanism are expected to facilitate the development of high‐efficiency MOF‐based photothermal composite PCMs in solar energy utilization.
ERβ promoted invadopodia formation‐mediated non‐small cell lung cancer metastasis via the ICAM1/p‐Src/p‐Cortactin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yangwei , Qiu Wenlin , Chen Jiaping , Meng Wangyang , Zhao Rong , Lin Wei , Mei Peiyuan , Diao Mingxin , Xiao Han , Liao Yongde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a previous study, our research group observed that estrogen promotes the metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through the estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Invadopodia are key structures involved in tumor metastasis. However, it is unclear whether ERβ is involved in the promotion of NSCLC metastasis through invadopodia. In our study, we used scanning electron microscopy to observe the formation of invadopodia following the overexpression of ERβ and treatment with E2. In vitro experiments using multiple NSCLC cell lines demonstrated that ERβ can increase the formation of invadopodia and cell invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that ERβ can upregulate the expression of ICAM1 by directly binding to estrogen‐responsive elements (EREs) located on the ICAM1 promoter, which in turn can enhance the phosphorylation of Src/cortactin. We also confirmed these findings in vivo using an orthotopic lung transplantation mouse model, which validated the results obtained from the in vitro experiments. Finally, we examined the expressions of ERβ and ICAM1 using immunohistochemistry in both NSCLC tissue and paired metastatic lymph nodes. The results confirmed that ERβ promotes the formation of invadopodia in NSCLC cells through the ICAM1/p‐Src/p‐Cortactin signaling pathway.
Deep CNN‐based classification of motor imagery tasks from EEG signals using 2D wavelet transformed images of adaptively reconstructed signals from MVMD decomposed modes
Authors: Alizadeh N. , Afrakhteh S. , Mosavi M. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCI) have begun to revolutionize many aspects of human life, ranging from health to smart living and communication devices. Therefore, BCI technologies require accurate recognition and classification systems of the brain responses to a variety of motor imagery (MI) movements through electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Nowadays, deep learning models have received a lot of interest for learning features and classifying numerous kinds of data. However, it has not been thoroughly investigated for EEG signal classification. In this study, to reach an improved performance in MI‐EEG signal classification, we proposed a new strategy based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT)‐based time‐frequency maps to generate two‐dimensional (2D) EEG images of adaptively reconstructed signals from the extracted multivariate mode decomposition (MVMD) modes. In the next step, the extracted signals are projected in the new space using the proposed multiclass common spatial pattern (MCCSP) filtering. The resulting images are then fed to the convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures (AlexNet and LeNet). The proposed framework has the benefit of achieving high classification accuracy to be attained even with a significant amount of input data. LeNet and AlexNet reach the best average accuracy rates of 95.33% and 93.66% on dataset 1 from BCI competition IV and the results on dataset 2a from competition IV are more promising than the current state of the arts. Our results depict that MI‐EEG task recognition using image classification approaches, along with CNNs, is as comparable or even superior to other existing traditional approaches and provides high potential for upcoming research.
Gender gap in perspectives of the impacts of degradation and restoration on ecosystem services in Ethiopia
Authors: Mponela Powell , Aynekulu Ermias , Ebrahim Mohammed , Abate Tsion , Abera Wuletawu , Zaremba Haley , Elias Marlène , Tamene Lulseged 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe importance of land restoration has garnered increasing attention on the global stage through large‐scale initiatives such as the Bonn Challenge. However, policies and strategies are often gender‐blind and designed in compliance with entrenched social hierarchies, exacerbating pre‐existing social inequalities that affect restoration initiatives. The challenge of developing gender‐responsive policies and initiatives is accentuated by a persistent lack of sex‐disaggregated data concerning men's and women's differing perceptions and experiences. This study aims to help fill this gap by capturing the differences in men and women's perceptions of ecosystem services before and after restoration interventions in Ethiopia. Towards that end, in October 2021, we collected data from fifty‐nine (59) paired husband‐wife households and six gender‐segregated focus group discussions in two regions of Ethiopia: Amhara and Southern Nations, and Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP). Kendall's concordance analysis established a strong degree of disagreement between men's and women's ratings of restoration outcomes for most indicators. Men attributed degradation to landscape conditions and natural forces, while women considered the lack of appropriate restoration strategies as a precursor for accelerated degradation. The study also reveals that men tended to benefit more than women from enhanced ecosystem services post‐restoration, with increased labour and land management burdens often falling on the shoulders of women. Based on these findings, we argue that including men's and women's perspectives from the earliest planning phases of restoration initiatives is essential to ensure greater equity in benefit‐sharing, mitigate trade‐offs for women, and build more nuanced, just and successful approaches to restoration.
Implementation of a knowledge‐based decision support system for treatment plan auditing through automation
Authors: Liu Shi , Chapman Katherine L. , Berry Sean L. , Bertini Julian , Ma Rongtao , Fu Yabo , Yang Deshan , Moran Jean M. , Della‐Biancia Cesar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndependent auditing is a necessary component of a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) program and can also be utilized for continuous quality improvement (QI) in various radiotherapy processes. Two senior physicists at our institution have been performing a time intensive manual audit of cross‐campus treatment plans annually, with the aim of further standardizing our planning procedures, updating policies and guidelines, and providing training opportunities of all staff members.PurposeA knowledge‐based automated anomaly‐detection algorithm to provide decision support and strengthen our manual retrospective plan auditing process was developed. This standardized and improved the efficiency of the assessment of our external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treatment planning across all eight campuses of our institution.MethodsA total of 843 external beam radiotherapy plans for 721 lung patients from January 2020 to March 2021 were automatically acquired from our clinical treatment planning and management systems. From each plan, 44 parameters were automatically extracted and pre‐processed. A knowledge‐based anomaly detection algorithm, namely, “isolation forest” (iForest), was then applied to the plan dataset. An anomaly score was determined for each plan using recursive partitioning mechanism. Top 20 plans ranked with the highest anomaly scores for each treatment technique (2D/3D/IMRT/VMAT/SBRT) including auto‐populated parameters were used to guide the manual auditing process and validated by two plan auditors.ResultsThe two auditors verified that 75.6% plans with the highest iForest anomaly scores have similar concerning qualities that may lead to actionable recommendations for our planning procedures and staff training materials. The time to audit a chart was approximately 20.8 min on average when done manually and 14.0 min when done with the iForest guidance. Approximately 6.8 min were saved per chart with the iForest method. For our typical internal audit review of 250 charts annually, the total time savings are approximately 30 hr per year.ConclusioniForest effectively detects anomalous plans and strengthens our cross‐campus manual plan auditing procedure by adding decision support and further improve standardization. Due to the use of automation, this method was efficient and will be used to establish a standard plan auditing procedure, which could occur more frequently.
Psychosocial well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic among women with and without breast cancer
Authors: Pinheiro Laura C. , Fasano Genevieve A. , An Anjile , Mount Lauren , Bayard Solange , Rosenberg Shoshana , Taiwo Evelyn , Loeb‐Zeitlin Susan , Marti Jennifer , Ashamalla Hani , Balogun Onyi , Smith Michael , Siegel Beth , Astrow Alan , Newman Lisa , Malik Manmeet , Bea Vivian , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTreatment delays in combination with general social distancing practices to reduce transmission may have negative impacts on the mental health of women with breast cancer who may need more social and emotional support. We sought to elucidate the psychosocial effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic among women with and without breast cancer in New York City.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among women aged 18+ across the spectrum of breast health care at New York Presbyterian (NYP)‐Weill Cornell, NYP‐Brooklyn Methodist Hospital and NYP‐Queens. Women were contacted between June and October 2021 to assess their self‐reported depression, stress, and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We compared women who were recently diagnosed, those with a history of breast cancer, and women without cancer whose other health visits were delayed during the pandemic.ResultsThere were 85 women who completed the survey. Breast cancer survivors (42%) were the least likely to report a delay in care due to COVID compared to breast cancer patients who were recently diagnosed (67%) and women without cancer (67%). Compared to women without cancer and breast cancer survivors, women recently diagnosed with breast cancer reported higher levels of anxiety and depression with a statistically significant difference in perceived stress.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the need to identify and risk‐stratify patients facing a new breast cancer diagnosis in and around the COVID‐19 pandemic who may benefit from additional resources to mitigate the adverse impacts of the pandemic and a breast cancer diagnosis on psychosocial health.
The heart of the matter: Right heart imaging indicators for treatment escalation in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Forfia Paul , Benza Raymond , D'Alto Michele , De Marco Teresa , Elwing Jean M. , Frantz Robert , Haddad Francois , Oudiz Ronald , Preston Ioana R. , Rosenkranz Stephan , Ryan John , Schilz Robert , Shlobin Oksana A. , Vachiery Jean‐Luc , Vizza Carmine Dario , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Sketch Margaret R. , Broderick Meredith , McLaughlin Vallerie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRight heart (RH) structure and function are major determinants of symptoms and prognosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RH imaging provides detailed information, but evidence and guidelines on the use of RH imaging in treatment decisions are limited. We conducted a Delphi study to gather expert opinion on the role of RH imaging in decision‐making for treatment escalation in PAH. A panel of 17 physicians with expertise in PAH and RH imaging used three surveys in a modified Delphi process to reach consensus on the role of RH imaging in PAH. Survey 1 used open‐ended questions to gather information. Survey 2 contained Likert scale and other questions intended to identify consensus on topics identified in Survey 1. Survey 3 contained Likert scale questions derived from Survey 2 and summary information on the results of Survey 2. The Delphi panel reached consensus that RH imaging is likely to improve the current risk stratification algorithms and help differentiate risk levels in patients at intermediate risk. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, right ventricular fractional area change, right atrial area, tricuspid regurgitation, inferior venae cavae diameter, and pericardial effusion should be part of routine echocardiography in PAH. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is valuable but limited by cost and access. A pattern of abnormal RH imaging results should prompt consideration of hemodynamic evaluation and possible treatment escalation. RH imaging is an important tool for decisions about treatment escalation in PAH, but systematically collected evidence is needed to clarify its role.
Early Twentieth-Century Self-Harm: Cut Throats, General and Mental Medicine
Authors: Millard Chris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At some point before five P.M. on 25 June 1914, in the small coastal town of Lowestoft, Suffolk, 59-year old Louisa Ashby cuts her own throat with a razor and lies down on her bed. Her eight-year-old granddaughter, Dora, discovers her covered in blood, and runs back downstairs to inform her mother that ‘grandmother had cut her finger’.1 Ashby is rushed to the nearby Lowestoft and North Suffolk Hospital, where, according to the East Suffolk Police:

The [hospital] matron then requested that an officer should stay and take the sole charge and responsibility of the patient. I told her we could not do that, and that two of her sons were present [for this purpose], she said, ‘They are no good, you brought her here and must take the sole charge of her, or take her away’.2