bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic-assisted surgery for prostatectomy – does the diffusion of robotic systems contribute to treatment centralization and influence patients’ hospital choice?
Authors: Kuklinski David , Vogel Justus , Henschke Cornelia , Pross Christoph , Geissler Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Between 2008 and 2018, the share of robotic-assisted surgeries (RAS) for radical prostatectomies (RPEs) has increased from 3 to 46% in Germany. Firstly, we investigate if this diffusion of RAS has contributed to RPE treatment centralization. Secondly, we analyze if a hospital’s use of an RAS system influenced patients’ hospital choice.

Methods
To analyze RPE treatment centralization, we use (bi-) annual hospital data from 2006 to 2018 for all German hospitals in a panel-data fixed effect model. For investigating RAS systems’ influence on patients’ hospital choice, we use patient level data of 4614 RPE patients treated in 2015. Employing a random utility choice model, we estimate the influence of RAS as well as specialization and quality on patients’ marginal utilities and their according willingness to travel.

Results
Despite a slight decrease in RPEs between 2006 and 2018, hospitals that invested in an RAS system could increase their case volumes significantly (+ 82% compared to hospitals that did not invest) contributing to treatment centralization. Moreover, patients are willing to travel longer for hospitals offering RAS (+ 22% than average travel time) and for specialization (+ 13% for certified prostate cancer treatment centers, + 9% for higher procedure volume). The influence of outcome quality and service quality on patients’ hospital choice is insignificant or negligible.

Conclusions
In conclusion, centralization is partly driven by (very) high-volume hospitals’ investment in RAS systems and patient preferences. While outcome quality might improve due to centralization and according specialization, evidence for a direct positive influence of RAS on RPE outcomes still is ambiguous. Patients have been voting with their feet, but research yet has to catch up.
A call to readjust the Israeli school feeding program
Authors: Nitzan Dorit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic challenged the food and nutrition security status of thousands of children in Israel. This commentary argues that policymakers should urgently readjust the Israeli school feeding program based on experts’ advice. Children should have the right to select food items, grow the items, prepare the meals, and clean and care for the waste together. They should eat as a community in suitable school dining rooms. Access to the school feeding program should also be ensured during emergencies, school closures, isolation and quarantine, treatment, and rehabilitation of children. The food provided through the program should be integrated into the food baskets of their families, aimed at improving their households’ food and nutrition security. It is important to activate a universal school feeding program that does not differentiate, separate, and stigmatize children, their households, their communities, and their schools. The United States National School Lunch Program is briefly reviewed, highlighting the importance of the program's routine monitoring, evaluation, and improvement. Engaging the children in planning the meals and in the production, preparedness, provision, and waste management processes are key to improving their involvement, health literacy and promotion, and their families’ resilience. Implementing a holistic Food System Approach, including school gardening and “Farm to School,” is suggested. It is recommended to urgently formulate a modern, universal, and comprehensive Israeli Food and Nutrition Security Plan, with a dedicated chapter for the upgraded School Feeding Programe with a section on its implementation in emergency preparedness, response, and Resilience. It should be anchored in the Food Systems framework and the One Health Approach.
Anchor-free object detection in remote sensing images using a variable receptive field network
Authors: Fu Shenshen , He Yifan , Du Xiaofeng , Zhu Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObject detection is one of the essential tasks in computer vision, with most detection methods relying on a limited number of sizes for anchor boxes. However, the boundaries of particular composite objects, such as ports, highways, and golf courses, are ambiguous in remote sensing images, and therefore, it is challenging for the anchor-based method to accommodate the substantial size variation of the objects. In addition, the dense placement of anchor boxes imbalances the positive and negative samples, which affects the end-to-end architecture of deep learning methods. Hence, this paper proposes a single-stage object detection model named Xnet to address this issue. The proposed method designs a deformable convolution backbone network used in the feature extraction stage. Compared to the standard convolution, it adds learnable parameters for dynamically analyzing the boundary and offset of the receptive field, rendering the model more adaptable to size variations within the same class. Moreover, this paper presents a novel anchor-free detector that classifies objects in feature images point-by-point, without relying on anchor boxes. Several experiments on the large remote sensing dataset DIOR challenging Xnet against other popular methods demonstrate that our method attains the best performance, surpassing by 4.7% on the mAP (mean average precision) metric.
Research on structural sound source localization method by neural network
Authors: Huang Xiufeng , Xu Rongwu , Yu Wenjing , Peng Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo solve problems related to much calculation to adapt to complex scenes in traditional structural sound source localization, this paper proposes a method based on neural network. The structural sound source at other positions was stimulated by successively striking 36 grid centers on the surface of the plate. The time delay between different accelerometer signals was considered as the input, and the location of the predicted sound source was considered as the output. The influence of the number of test sets and epoch training times on sound source localization accuracy was discussed. These results show that with the increase in the epoch training times, the number of test set decreases, and the number of training set increases, increasing the sound source localization accuracy of backpropagation neural network. However, these error conditions will frequently appear due to the overfitting phenomenon. When the epoch is trained to 50,000 times, and the quantity of the test set is 4, the backpropagation neural network has the best localization accuracy with an order of magnitude of 10−3 in error, and the localization error scope of the plate is between 0.01 and 0.1 m.
On qualitative analysis of boundary value problem of variable order fractional delay differential equations
Authors: Shah Kamal , Ali Gauhar , Ansari Khursheed J. , Abdeljawad Thabet , Meganathan M. , Abdalla Bahaaeldin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVariable order differential equations are the natural extension of the said area. In many situations, such problems have the ability to describe real-world problems more concisely. Therefore, keeping this validity in mind, we have considered a class of boundary value problems (BVPs) under the variable order differentiation. For the suggested problems, we have developed the existence and uniqueness (EU) by using some fixed point results due to Banach and Schauder. Sufficient adequate results have been established for the required need. Some stability results have also been elaborated based on the concepts of Ulam, Hyers, and Rassias. Proper examples have also been provided with detailed analysis to verify our results.
Stochastic Gradient Descent long short-term memory based secure encryption algorithm for cloud data storage and retrieval in cloud computing environment
Authors: Suganya M. , Sasipraba T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the increasing rise of distributed system technologies, one of the most pressing problems facing the digital world is ensuring the security of sensitive and confidential data during transport and storage, which is also regarded as one of the most critical difficulties facing cloud computing. Numerous techniques exist for enhancing data security in the cloud computing storage environment. Encryption is the most important method of data protection. Consequently, several accessible encryption strategies are utilized to provide security, integrity, and authorized access by employing modern cryptographic algorithms. Cloud computing is an innovative paradigm widely accepted as a platform for storing and analysing user data. The cloud is accessible via the internet, exposing the data to external and internal threats. Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) must now implement a secure architecture to detect cloud intrusions and safeguard client data from hackers and attackers. This paper combines Stochastic Gradient Descent long short-term memory (SGD-LSTM) and Blow Fish encryption to detect and prevent unauthorized cloud access. User registration, intrusion detection, and intrusion prevention are the three phases of the planned system. The SGD-LSTM classifier predicts cloud data access and prevents unauthorized cloud access. In the data access phase, cloud data access is managed by authenticating the authorized user with the Blowfish encryption algorithm. Comparing the proposed classifier to existing classifiers demonstrates that it detects abnormal access accurately. The experimental outcomes enhanced data security, which can be utilized to protect cloud computing applications. The experimental results of the suggested SGD-LSTM algorithm indicated a high level of protection, as well as a considerable improvement in security and execution speed when compared to algorithms that are often used in cloud computing.
Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study
Authors: Yadate Olana , Yesuf Aman , Hunduma Fufa , Habtu Yitagesu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Pneumonia is the single largest infectious disease that causes more under-five morbidity and mortality than any other infectious disease in the world, including Ethiopia. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in the South West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods
We used an unmatched case-control study design from March 15 to April 30, 2021, in the South West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. A sample of 398 (199 cases and 199 controls) participated in the study. Trained data collectors through a pre-tested structured questionnaire collected data. We used Epi Info to enter data and analyzed using SPSS version 23. We described our data using descriptive statistics. We identified predictors of pneumonia using logistic regression analysis. We declared predictors of pneumonia at a P-value of 0.05 or less.

Results
Breastfeeding for less than 6 months [AOR:3.51, 95%CI:(1.12,11.00)], lack of Vitamin A supplementation [AOR:3.56,95%CI:(1.58, 8.05)], history of URTI [AOR:9.66, 95%CI:(4.69,19.87)], family child care practices [AOR:6.46, 95%CI, (2.83,14.76)], sleeping with three to five persons in a room [AOR:2.90, 9%CI: (1.23,6.84)], having above five persons in a room [AOR: 3.88, 95%CI: 1.02,14.77), use of wood as a source of fuel [AOR = 3.02 95% CI: 1.41,6.46)] and not opening windows [AOR:2.56 95%CI: (1.21,5.41)] were independent factors of pneumonia among under five children.

Conclusion
Pneumonia is associated with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, lack of vitamin A supplementation, history of URTI, types of childcare practice, indoor overcrowding, use of wood as a source of fuel, and not opening windows. Therefore, exclusive breastfeeding, improving vitamin A supplementation, early control of respiratory tract infection through promoting good hygiene and ventilation strategies in crowded homes, and promoting how to reduce indoor air pollution through affordable clean stoves will be relevant interventions to reduce under-five pneumonia.
A new, alternative risk score for sarcopenia in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: He Qinghua , Wang Xiuzhi , Yang Caizhe , Zhuang Xiaoming , Yue Yanfen , Jing Hongjiang , Hu Jing , Sun Mingxiao , Guo Lixin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To develop a new, alternative sarcopenia risk score to screen for sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes patients in China and to demonstrate its validity.

Research design and methods
The data for this study came from a multicenter, cross-sectional study that had been designed to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia among adults with type 2 diabetes and had been conducted in several hospitals in Beijing, China. A total of 1125 participants were randomly divided into two groups: an exploratory population and a validation population. A multivariable logistic regression model using the backward stepwise likelihood ratio method to estimate the probability of sarcopenia was fitted with candidate variables in the exploratory population. A new, alternative sarcopenia risk score was developed based on the multivariable model. The internal and external validations were performed in the exploratory and validation populations. The study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-EOC-15006901).

Results
The new, alternative sarcopenia risk score included five variables: age, gender, BMI, total energy intake per day, and the proportion of calories supplied by protein. The score ranged from − 2 to 19. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the risk score for the prediction of sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes patients was 0.806 (95% CI 0.741–0.872) and 0.836 (95% CI 0.781–0.892) in the exploratory and validation populations, respectively. At the optimal cutoff value of 12, the sensitivity and specificity of the score for the prediction of sarcopenia were 70.9% and 81.0% in the exploratory population and 53.7% and 88.8% in the validation population, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed a good calibration with the risk score in external validation (χ2 = 4.459, P = 0.813).

Conclusions
The new, alternative sarcopenia risk score appears to be an effective screening tool for identification of sarcopenia in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.
Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EOC-15006901.
Locked down with my eating disorder: a retrospective study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on adolescents with eating disorders
Authors: Borsarini Bianca , Pappaianni Edoardo , Micali Nadia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Negative effects of COVID-19 lockdowns have been reported in adult patients with feeding and eating disorders (FED) whereas evidence of its impact on young clinical populations is still limited and somewhat inconsistent. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the first COVID-19 lockdown on a range of FED symptoms in children and adolescents: (a) already receiving treatment in our specialist service for FED when the pandemic hit, and (b) prospectively evaluated in our service from October 2020 to July 2021.

Methods
Out of sixty-one eligible patients with a broad spectrum of FED invited, forty-five young patients (aged 11–18) consented to participate and were included. An ad-hoc survey, consisting of open questions, multiple choice questions, yes/no questions, and a symptoms checklist, was administered online.

Results
About half of the participants (46.7%) reported a positive effect of lockdown on FED symptomatology. Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) reported the highest rate of symptomatology worsening (58.6%). Younger patients (11–13 years) showed a greater improvement of symptoms compared to older ones (14–18 years of age). COVID-19 lockdown was identified as the precipitating factor for FED onset in 60.7% of newly evaluated patients.

Conclusions
Evidence from our investigation points out that although the COVID-19 pandemic was a precipitating factor for a FED for many active and newly referred patients, it had a positive impact on youth who were already in treatment and younger participants.
Advanced immunotherapies for glioblastoma: tumor neoantigen vaccines in combination with immunomodulators
Authors: Segura-Collar Berta , Hiller-Vallina Sara , de Dios Olaya , Caamaño-Moreno Marta , Mondejar-Ruescas Lucia , Sepulveda-Sanchez Juan M. , Gargini Ricardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlial-origin brain tumors, including glioblastomas (GBM), have one of the worst prognoses due to their rapid and fatal progression. From an oncological point of view, advances in complete surgical resection fail to eliminate the entire tumor and the remaining cells allow a rapid recurrence, which does not respond to traditional therapeutic treatments. Here, we have reviewed new immunotherapy strategies in association with the knowledge of the immune micro-environment. To understand the best lines for the future, we address the advances in the design of neoantigen vaccines and possible new immune modulators. Recently, the efficacy and availability of vaccine development with different formulations, especially liposome plus mRNA vaccines, has been observed. We believe that the application of new strategies used with mRNA vaccines in combination with personalized medicine (guided by different omic’s strategies) could give good results in glioma therapy. In addition, a large part of the possible advances in new immunotherapy strategies focused on GBM may be key improving current therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), given the fact that this type of tumor has been highly refractory to ICI.
Severe CTE and TDP-43 pathology in a former professional soccer player with dementia: a clinicopathological case report and review of the literature
Authors: van Amerongen Suzan , Kamps Suzie , Kaijser Kyra K. M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Barkhof Frederik , Ossenkoppele Rik , Rozemuller Annemieke J. M. , Stern Robert A. , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Vijverberg Everard G. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, numerous post-mortem case series have documented chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in former contact-sport athletes, though reports of CTE pathology in former soccer players are scarce. This study presents a clinicopathological case of a former professional soccer player with young-onset dementia. The patient experienced early onset progressive cognitive decline and developed dementia in his mid-50 s, after playing soccer for 12 years at a professional level. While the clinical picture mimicked Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid PET imaging did not provide evidence of elevated beta-amyloid plaque density. After he died in his mid-60 s, brain autopsy showed severe phosphorylated tau (p-tau) abnormalities fulfilling the neuropathological criteria for high-stage CTE, as well as astrocytic and oligodendroglial tau pathology in terms of tufted astrocytes, thorn-shaped astrocytes, and coiled bodies. Additionally, there were TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) positive cytoplasmic inclusions in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, and Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) positivity in the axons of the white matter. A systematic review of the literature revealed only 13 other soccer players with postmortem diagnosis of CTE. Our report illustrates the complex clinicopathological correlation of CTE and the need for disease-specific biomarkers.
Comparison of the efficacy and comfort of high-flow nasal cannula with different initial flow settings in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: He Yuewen , Zhuang Xuhui , Liu Hao , Ma Wuhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been proven effective in improving patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), but a discussion of its use for initial flow settings still need to be provided. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and comfort evaluation of HFNC with different initial flow settings in patients with AHRF.

Methods
Studies published by October 10, 2022, were searched exhaustively in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed with STATA 17.0 and R software (version 4.2.1). A Bayesian framework was applied for this NMA. Comparisons of competing models based on the deviance information criterion (DIC) were used to select the best model for NMA. The primary outcome is the intubation at day 28. Secondary outcomes included short-term and long-term mortality, comfort score, length of ICU or hospital stay, and 24-h PaO2/FiO2.

Results
This NMA included 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 5774 patients. With NIV as the control, the HFNC_high group was significantly associated with lower intubation rates (odds ratio [OR] 0.72 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.56 to 0.93; moderate quality evidence) and short-term mortality (OR 0.81 95% CrI 0.69 to 0.96; moderate quality evidence). Using HFNC_Moderate (Mod) group (mean difference [MD] − 1.98 95% CrI -3.98 to 0.01; very low quality evidence) as a comparator, the HFNC_Low group had a slight advantage in comfort scores but no statistically significant difference. Of all possible interventions, the HFNC_High group had the highest probability of being the best in reducing intubation rates (73.04%), short-term (82.74%) and long-term mortality (67.08%). While surface under the cumulative ranking curve value (SUCRA) indicated that the HFNC_Low group had the highest probability of being the best in terms of comfort scores.

Conclusions
The high initial flow settings (50–60 L/min) performed better in decreasing the occurrence of intubation and mortality, albeit with poor comfort scores. Treatment of HFNC for AHRF patients ought to be initiated from moderate flow rates (30–40 L/min), and individualized flow settings can make HFNC more sensible in clinical practice.