bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of digital finance on stock price crash risk: evidence from China
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Wang Moting , Dong Yizhi 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to investigate the effects of digital finance on the risk of stock price crashes and the underlying transmission mechanisms, and to provide suggestions to inhibit the stock crash risk (CR).Design/methodology/approachThis paper selects all companies that were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2020. It then uses the two-way fixed effect model and the intermediary effect model to verify such effects.FindingsThe overall outcomes demonstrate such a result that the CR of listed companies in China can be significantly reduced by the development of digital finance, and the overall transparency of business financial information and the equity pledge of controlling shareholders are the two underlying transmission mechanisms that digital finance can cause effects on the CR of stocks.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations are that there may exist some problems in the method for evaluating the CR of stocks. And there may be a problem of endogeneity caused by the empirical model cannot control all correlation variables.Practical implicationsThis paper would provide policy implications, for different roles, to inhibit the stock CR and to make the development of the economy more stabilize.Social implicationsDigital finance can promote economic development while restraining financial risks at the same time. Therefore, although this study is based on the relevant data from China, it can also provide a reference for other economies with different basic conditions from China, to promote the overall development of the world economy.Originality/valueThe current academic research on digital finance or stock price CR has been relatively sufficient, but there are few papers that combined both. By combining digital finance with stock CR, this paper researches the influence of digital finance on the CR of stocks through empirical analysis. So, this paper would provide new research ideas and evidence for potential influence factors of the CR of stocks, fill the gap in this research field and provide certain help for subsequent scholars to conduct relevant research.
Integrating channel design and assessment methods based on sediment transport capacity in gravel bed streams
Authors: Yaryan Hall Holly R. , Bledsoe Brian P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural channel design (NCD) and analytical channel design (ACD) are two competing approaches to stable channel design that share fundamental similarities in accounting for sediment transport processes with designs based on hybrid fluvial geomorphology and hydraulic engineering methods. In this paper, we highlight the linkage between ACD's capacity/supply ratio (CSR) and NCD's sediment capacity models (FLOWSED/POWERSED), illustrating how ACD and NCD have reached a point of convergent evolution within the stream restoration toolbox. We modified an existing CSR analytical spreadsheet tool which enabled us to predict relative channel stability using both conventional bed load transport equations and regional sediment regression curves. The stable channel design solutions based on measured data most closely matched the Parker (ACD) and/or Pagosa good/fair (NCD) relationships, which also showed the greatest CSR sensitivity in response to channel alterations. We found that CSR differences among the transport relationships became more extreme the further the design width deviated from the supply reach, suggesting that a stable upstream supply reach may serve as the best design analog. With this paper, we take a step toward resolving lingering controversy in the field of stream restoration, advancing the science and practice by reconciling key differences between ACD and NCD in the context of reach scale morphodynamics.
Other iatrogenic immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders in a patient with anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis: A case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Nishimura Nozomi , Niwamoto Takafumi , Arai Yasuyuki , Nakashima Ran , Terada Kazuhiro , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Sakamoto Ryo , Tanizawa Kiminobu , Handa Tomohiro , Morinobu Akio , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA 58‐year‐old man with anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis (MDA5‐DM) developed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated malignant lymphoma as other iatrogenic immunodeficiency‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA‐LPD) during the combined immunosuppressive therapy of high‐dose prednisolone, tacrolimus, and intravenous cyclophosphamide for MDA5‐DM. Serum EBV DNA was detected, and EBV‐encoded small RNA was positive in the tissue sample of LPD, indicating that EBV reactivation contributed to the pathogenesis of LPD in our case. The patient underwent chemotherapy, including rituximab, promptly after discontinuation of tacrolimus and cyclophosphamide, resulting in complete remission of the malignant lymphoma, and MDA5‐DM has not recurred with 3.5 mg/d of prednisolone monotherapy. We reviewed 19 cases of OIIA‐LPD in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and herein report the first case of MDA5‐DM complicated with OIIA‐LPD. Among the 19 patients, 7 showed regression of LPD only following withdrawal of immunosuppressants, 9 took chemotherapy for LPD, and 5 died. It should be noted that patients with MDA5‐DM‐associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease could develop OIIA‐LPD because they receive aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.
Endosomal trafficking protein TBC‐2 modulates stress resistance and lifespan through DAF‐16‐dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Traa Annika , Soo Sonja K. , AlOkda Abdelrahman , Ko Bokang , Rocheleau Christian E. , Van Raamsdonk Jeremy M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe FOXO transcription factor, DAF‐16, plays an integral role in insulin/IGF‐1 signaling (IIS) and stress response. In conditions of stress or decreased IIS, DAF‐16 moves to the nucleus where it activates genes that promote survival. To gain insight into the role of endosomal trafficking in resistance to stress, we disrupted tbc‐2, which encodes a GTPase activating protein that inhibits RAB‐5 and RAB‐7. We found that tbc‐2 mutants have decreased nuclear localization of DAF‐16 in response to heat stress, anoxia, and bacterial pathogen stress, but increased nuclear localization of DAF‐16 in response to chronic oxidative stress and osmotic stress. tbc‐2 mutants also exhibit decreased upregulation of DAF‐16 target genes in response to stress. To determine whether the rate of nuclear localization of DAF‐16 affected stress resistance in these animals, we examined survival after exposure to multiple exogenous stressors. Disruption of tbc‐2 decreased resistance to heat stress, anoxia, and bacterial pathogen stress in both wild‐type worms and stress‐resistant daf‐2 insulin/IGF‐1 receptor mutants. Similarly, deletion of tbc‐2 decreases lifespan in both wild‐type worms and daf‐2 mutants. When DAF‐16 is absent, the loss of tbc‐2 is still able to decrease lifespan but has little or no impact on resistance to most stresses. Combined, this suggests that disruption of tbc‐2 affects lifespan through both DAF‐16‐dependent and DAF‐16‐independent pathways, while the effect of tbc‐2 deletion on resistance to stress is primarily DAF‐16‐dependent. Overall, this work demonstrates the importance of endosomal trafficking for the proper nuclear localization of DAF‐16 during stress and that perturbation of normal endosomal trafficking is sufficient to decrease both stress resistance and lifespan.
A population pharmacokinetic model to guide clozapine dose selection, based on age, sex, ethnicity, body weight and smoking status
Authors: Reeves Suzanne , Bertrand Julie , Obee Stephen John , Hunter Samora , Howard Robert , Flanagan Robert James 
Published: February 2023

AimsGuidance on clozapine dosing in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia is based largely on data from White young adult males. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of clozapine and N‐desmethylclozapine (norclozapine) across the age range, accounting for sex, ethnicity, smoking status and body weight.MethodsA population pharmacokinetic model, implemented in Monolix, that linked plasma clozapine and norclozapine via a metabolic rate constant, was used to analyse data from a clozapine therapeutic drug monitoring service, 1993–2017.ResultsThere were 17 787 measurements from 5960 patients (4315 male) aged 18–86 years. The estimated clozapine plasma clearance was reduced from 20.2 to 12.0 L h−1 between 20 and 80 years. Model‐based dose predictions to attain a predose plasma clozapine concentration of 0.35 mg L−1 was 275 (90% prediction interval 125, 625) mg day−1 in nonsmoking, White males weighing 70 kg and aged 40 years. The corresponding predicted dose was increased by 30% in smokers, decreased by 18% in females, and was 10% higher and 14% lower in otherwise analogous Afro‐Caribbean and Asian patients, respectively. Overall, the predicted dose decreased by 56% between 20 and 80 years.ConclusionThe large sample size and wide age range of the patients studied allowed precise estimation of dose requirements to attain predose clozapine concentration of 0.35 mg L−1. The analysis was, however, limited by the absence of data on clinical outcome and future studies are required to determine optimal predose concentrations specifically in those aged over 65 years.
Pontine control of rapid eye movement sleep and fear memory
Authors: Wen Yu Jun , Yang Wen Jia , Guo Chun Ni , Qiu Mei Hong , Kroeger Daniel , Niu Jian Guo , Zhan Shu Qin , Yang Xi Fei , Gisabella Barbara , Vetrivelan Ramalingam , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsWe often experience dreams of strong irrational and negative emotional contents with postural muscle paralysis during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but how REM sleep is generated and its function remain unclear. In this study, we investigate whether the dorsal pontine sub‐laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) is necessary and sufficient for REM sleep and whether REM sleep elimination alters fear memory.MethodsTo investigate whether activation of SLD neurons is sufficient for REM sleep induction, we expressed channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) in SLD neurons by bilaterally injecting AAV1‐hSyn‐ChR2‐YFP in rats. We next selectively ablated either glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons from the SLD in mice in order to identify the neuronal subset crucial for REM sleep. We finally investigated the role of REM sleep in consolidation of fear memory using rat model with complete SLD lesions.ResultsWe demonstrate the sufficiency of the SLD for REM sleep by showing that photo‐activation of ChR2 transfected SLD neurons selectively promotes transitions from non‐REM (NREM) sleep to REM sleep in rats. Diphtheria toxin‐A (DTA) induced lesions of the SLD in rats or specific deletion of SLD glutamatergic neurons but not GABAergic neurons in mice completely abolish REM sleep, demonstrating the necessity of SLD glutamatergic neurons for REM sleep. We then show that REM sleep elimination by SLD lesions in rats significantly enhances contextual and cued fear memory consolidation by 2.5 and 1.0 folds, respectively, for at least 9 months. Conversely, fear conditioning and fear memory trigger doubled amounts of REM sleep in the following night, and chemo‐activation of SLD neurons projecting to the medial septum (MS) selectively enhances hippocampal theta activity in REM sleep; this stimulation immediately after fear acquisition reduces contextual and cued fear memory consolidation by 60% and 30%, respectively.ConclusionSLD glutamatergic neurons generate REM sleep and REM sleep and SLD via the hippocampus particularly down‐regulate contextual fear memory.
Effect of bee bread on Africanized honey bees infected with spores of Nosema spp.
Authors: Pérez‐Morfi Alejandro , Canto Azucena , Feldman Richard E. , Medina‐Medina Luis A. , Estrella‐Maldonado Humberto , Rodríguez Rosalina , Andrade José Luis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFloral diversity allows honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (including its hybrids between subspecies) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to meet their nutritional requirements. However, infection by Nosema spp. (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) destroys a bee's digestive epithelium, hindering the ability to absorb nutrients. In some subtropical regions, such as the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, nosemosis is one of the most widespread diseases in commercial apiaries. To date, there have been no reports of colony deaths attributable to the disease. It is possible that the naturally occurring diet in the Yucatan Peninsula sustains honey bee health. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the effect of four diets – bee bread collected in the Yucatan's rainy and dry seasons, sucrose syrup, and a pollen substitute – on the response of caged Africanized honey bees (A. m. scutellata × A. m. adansonii × A. mellifera) to nosemosis infection (treatment with spores of Nosema apis Zander and Nosema ceranae Fries). We found that infected and uninfected bees consumed food in similar amounts regardless of the diet, although, overall, they fed at significantly lower rates when provided the pollen‐substitute diet. Bees fed either of the bee bread diets had relatively low fat‐body weight and expression of Vg, proPO, and GOx genes, three genes related to immune function. Bees fed sucrose syrup had low fat‐body weight but relatively high gene expression. Infection from Nosema spores only reduced the individual survival probability for bees fed the bee bread collected in the dry season, yet bees fed the dry‐season bee bread had the lowest infection rates. Our results indicate that natural stored bee bread in honey bee colonies from the Yucatan Peninsula could be one of the main factors influencing their survival and reducing Nosema spp. spore load.
Adjunctive cenobamate in highly active and ultra‐refractory focal epilepsy: A “real‐world” retrospective study
Authors: Peña‐Ceballos Javier , Moloney Patrick B. , Munteanu Tudor , Doyle Michael , Colleran Niamh , Liggan Brenda , Breen Annette , Murphy Sinead , El‐Naggar Hany , Widdess‐Walsh Peter , Delanty Norman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveRecent clinical trials have shown that cenobamate substantially improves seizure control in focal‐onset drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, little is known about cenobamate's performance in highly active (≥20 seizures/month) and ultra‐refractory focal epilepsy (≥6 failed epilepsy treatments, including antiseizure medications [ASMs], epilepsy surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation). Here, we studied cenobamate's efficacy and tolerability in a “real‐world” severe DRE cohort.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis of consecutive adults treated with cenobamate between October 2020 and September 2022. All patients received cenobamate through an Early Access Program. Cenobamate retention, seizure outcomes, treatment‐emergent adverse events, and adjustments to concomitant ASMs were analyzed.ResultsFifty‐seven patients received cenobamate for at least 3 months (median duration, 11 months). The median cenobamate dose was 250 mg/day (range 75–350 mg). Baseline demographics were consistent with highly active (median seizure frequency, 60/month) and ultra‐refractory epilepsy (median previously failed ASMs, nine). Most (87.8%) had prior epilepsy surgery and/or vagus nerve stimulation. Six patients stopped cenobamate due to lack of efficacy and/or adverse events. One patient died from factors unrelated to cenobamate. Among patients who continued cenobamate, three achieved seizure freedom (5.3% of cohort), 24 had a 75%–99% reduction in seizures (42.1% of cohort), and 16 had a 50%–74% reduction (28.1% of cohort). Cenobamate led to abolition of focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures in 55.6% (20/36) of patients. Among treatment responders, 67.4% (29/43) were treated with cenobamate doses of ≥250 mg/day. Three‐fourths of patients reported at least one side‐effect, most commonly fatigue and somnolence. Adverse events most commonly emerged at cenobamate doses of ≥250 mg/day. Side‐effects were partially manageable by reducing the overall ASM burden, most often clobazam, eslicarbazepine, and perampanel.SignificancePatients with highly active and ultra‐refractory focal epilepsy experienced meaningful seizure outcomes on cenobamate. Emergence of adverse events at doses above 250 mg/day may limit the potential for further improvements in seizure control at higher cenobamate doses.
Pustular psoriasis in Malaysia: A review of the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry 2007–2018
Authors: Teoh Xin Yun , Suganthy Robinson , Voo Sook Yee Michelle , Tang Min Moon ,   The Malaysian Psoriasis Registry Working Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractPustular psoriasis (PP) is an uncommon subtype of psoriasis with distinct genetic features and clinical phenotypes. Patients with PP tend to experience frequent flares and significant morbidity. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics, co‐morbidities and treatment of PP patients in Malaysia. This was a cross‐sectional study of patients with PP notified to the Malaysian Psoriasis Registry (MPR) between January 2007 and December 2018. Of 21 735 psoriasis patients, 148 (0.7%) had pustular psoriasis. Of these, 93 (62.8%) were diagnosed with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and 55 (37.2%) with localized PP (LPP). The mean age for pustular psoriasis onset was 31.71 ± 18.33 years with a male to female ratio of 1:2.1. Patients with PP were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (23.6% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.022), severe disease (Body surface area >10 and/or Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI] >10) (64.8% vs. 50%, p = 0.003) and require systemic therapy (51.4% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.001) compared to non‐PP patients. Patients with PP also suffered greater impairment to their quality of life (DLQI >10, 48.9% vs. 40.3%, p = 0.046), had more days off school/work (2.06 ± 6.09 vs. 0.5 ± 4.91, p = 0.004) and a higher mean number of hospitalizations (0.31 ± 0.95 vs. 0.05 ± 1.22, p = 0.001) in 6 months compared to non‐PP patients. Overall, 0.7% of psoriasis patients in the MPR had pustular psoriasis. Patients with PP had a higher rate of dyslipidaemia, severe disease, greater impairment of quality of life and systemic therapy usage compared to other psoriasis subtypes.
Root traits of perennial C4 grasses contribute to cultivar variations in soil chemistry and species patterns in particulate and mineral‐associated carbon pool formation
Authors: Kelly‐Slatten Megan J. , Stewart Catherine E. , Tfaily Malak M. , Jastrow Julie D. , Sasso Abigail , de Graaff Marie‐Anne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that the C4 perennial bioenergy crops switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) accumulate significant amounts of soil carbon (C) owing to their extensive root systems. Soil C accumulation is likely driven by inter‐ and intraspecific variability in plant traits, but the mechanisms that underpin this variability remain unresolved. In this study we evaluated how inter‐ and intraspecific variation in root traits of cultivars from switchgrass (Cave‐in‐Rock, Kanlow, Southlow) and big bluestem (Bonanza, Southlow, Suther) affected the associations of soil C accumulation across soil fractions using stable isotope techniques. Our experimental field site was established in June 2008 at Fermilab in Batavia, IL. In 2018, soil cores were collected (30 cm depth) from all cultivars. We measured root biomass, root diameter, specific root length, bulk soil C, C associated with coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and fine particulate organic matter plus silt‐ and clay‐sized fractions, and characterized organic matter chemical class composition in soil using high‐resolution Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. C4 species were established on soils that supported C3 grassland for 36 years before planting, which allowed us to use differences in the natural abundance of stable C isotopes to quantify C4 plant‐derived C. We found that big bluestem had 36.9% higher C4 plant‐derived C compared to switchgrass in the CPOM fraction in the 0–10 cm depth, while switchgrass had 60.7% higher C4 plant‐derived C compared to big bluestem in the clay fraction in the 10–20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the large root system in big bluestem helps increase POM‐C formation quickly, while switchgrass root structure and chemistry build a mineral‐bound clay C pool through time. Thus, both species and cultivar selection can help improve bioenergy management to maximize soil carbon gains and lower CO2 emissions.
On the Duty of Scholars to Aid Their Persecuted Peers
Authors: O'Dwyer Shaun 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTGlobal threats to academic freedom are multiplying not only in an era of authoritarian resurgence, but also – less overtly – in an era of increasingly managerial governance of higher‐education sectors in democratic nations, where protection of institutional revenue streams, and of institutional reputation, may take priority over protection of scholars' and students' academic freedoms. In such circumstances, justifications for rendering aid to at‐risk scholars and students have become obscured. This article argues that the Kantian concept of imperfect duty can be adapted to theorizing collective, institutional obligations to aid those scholars and students, undertaken in light of academic freedom as a constitutive institutional value.
Captioning and repetition for Chinese students' immediate and delayed retention of English‐speaking multimedia lessons
Authors: Liu Yinan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground StudiesCaptioning and repetition are widely used multimedia instructional devices for non‐native students. Generally, studies in this area have tended to focus on second language literacy skills rather than on learning new content knowledge. Additionally, posttests were administered immediately after the treatments, while the delayed influences of captioning and repetition have never been investigated.ObjectivesThis paper addressed these research gaps in two separate studies. More specifically, this study attempted to examine the influences of captioning and repetition on non‐native students' immediate and relayed retention.MethodsIn Study One, three captioning conditions; word‐by‐word captions, closed captions, and no‐captions; were compared to examine their efficacies in immediate and delayed content knowledge retention on 82 Chinese university students. To address the limitations in Study One as the multimedia lesson was short and played only once, Study Two incorporated captioning and two repetition types in its design. One hundred and eleven Chinese university students watch a video lesson in one of four captioning and repetition conditions.ResultsThe statistical analyses of Study One indicated that there were no significant differences in both immediate and delayed retention test scores across the three captioning condition. Similarly, in Study Two, there were no significant differences in retention tests scores across the four captioning and repetition conditions.FindingsNeither the availability of captions nor the repetition types had any impact on the Chinese students' immediate or delayed content knowledge retention, which lent support to existing studies. Based on the research results, the limitations and future study possibilities are discussed.