bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Children
Authors: Einhorn Lisa M. , Hudon Jonathan , Ingelmo Pablo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines neuropathic pain as pain
caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. It is characterized as a clinical
condition in which diagnostic studies reveal an underlying cause of an abnormality in the peripheral or
central nervous system. Many common causes of neuropathic pain in adults are rare in children. The
purpose of this focused narrative review is, to 1) provide an overview of neuropathic pain in children,
2) highlight unique considerations related to the diagnosis and mechanisms of neuropathic pain in
children, and 3) perform a comprehensive analysis of the pharmacological treatments available. We
emphasize that data for routine use of pharmacological agents in children with neuropathic pain are
largely inferred from adult literature with little research performed on pediatric populations, yet have
clear evidence of harms to pediatric patients. Based on these findings, we propose risk mitigation
strategies such as utilizing topical treatments whenever possible, assessing pain phenotyping to guide
drug class choice, and considering pharmaceuticals in the broader context of the multidisciplinary
treatment of pediatric pain. Furthermore, we highlight important directions for future research on pediatric
neuropathic pain treatment.
An Intelligent Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy for a Wind Energy Conversion System using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Bouzem Aicha , Bendaou Othmane , Yaakoubi Ali El 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Machine Learning (ML) techniques have successfully replaced traditional control algorithms in recent years due to their ability to carry out complicated tasks with significant efficiency and accuracy.

Objective:
The main objective of the current work is to investigate and compare the performances of different ML models in modeling Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control for a wind turbine system. The main advantage of the designed MPPT based on ML is that it does not require any detailed mathematical model or prior knowledge of the system, such as turbine parameters or aerodynamic properties, unlike traditional MPPT techniques.

Methods:
The ML models included in this study were Support Vector Machines, Regression Trees, and Ensemble Trees. Their design was performed through a training process, and their performances were evaluated based on various metrics. During the training phase, the ML models were selected to understand the basic concept of the control strategy and extract essential hidden connections between the inputs and the output of the system.

Results:
The effectiveness of the control method was investigated using MATLAB/Simulink. The findings of this study revealed that ML models were effective in modeling the MPPT for the studied wind power system, which provides an interesting and sophisticated alternative to classical control methods for wind systems.

Conclusion:
The ML models designed allow for optimal operation of the system with a simple structure that is independent of system parameters and wind speed measurement and is adaptable for any kind of system.
Utilization of Herbal Components as Insecticidal and Repellent Effects
Authors: Rajput Shivam , Sharma Pramod , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:Humans and many other creatures depend on agriculture for survival, but it is impossible to cultivate without the use of pesticides. Different types of harmful organism or pest exists in every agricultural crop. Synthetic pesticides are widely utilised around the world as a solution to this problem, but there are drawbacks associated with their application, the most significant of which are the severe negative impacts on ecosystems and human health. Organically made pesticides should be used instead of synthetic pesticides to reduce their harmful effects. Unlike chemical pesticides, natural pesticides do not cause any harm to non-target creatures and are inexpensive. Most botanical pesticides degrade rapidly, usually in only a few days but sometimes may even take hour. One of the most promising approaches to reducing pesticide pollution and protecting crops, food, and the environment is to use botanical insecticides. Beneficial insects such as earthworms are much less likely to be killed by biopesticides. The source of herbal insecticides is herbal plants. Each plant has distinct effect since every plant have their own chemical constituent. This review explains about numerous herbs and shrubs that feature distinct insecticidal, pesticidal and repelling effect. Insecticidal activity is discovered in a broad variety of herbal plants, and this review analyses those plants in detail, defining the major active ingredient responsible for these effects.
Mathematical Model of Multispectral Data Processing for a Mobile Ecology Monitoring Platform
Authors: Spevakova S. S. , Spevakov A. G. , Chernetskaya I. V. 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of research is a mathematical justification of the process of processing multispectral data in order to detect local environmental pollution zones with the possibility of classifying the pollutant. Methods. The fundamentals of the applied theory of stochastic systems based on equations for multidimensional characteristic functions and functionals are used as a basic mathematical apparatus. When determining a contaminant, a criterion reflecting the ability of objects obeying Lambert's law is used. To solve the problem of object classification, approaches using binary logistic regression are applied. Statistical methods of analysis were used to evaluate the results of the study. Results. The obtained partial mathematical models allow us to take into account many factors affecting mobile environmental monitoring platforms operating in automatic mode. Substantiate the possibility of remote analysis of local environmental pollution zones, with the possibility of determining pollutants such as hydrocarbons, phosphate ions, etc., as well as searching for unauthorized locations of construction and household garbage. They increase the accuracy characteristics by 1,3 times when determining the parameters of selected objects due to the processing of data obtained in various spectral ranges. They contribute to reducing the computational complexity of the classification algorithm by 1,1 times, taking into account the volume of input data in a limited spectral range and reducing the resolution of the reference object, while not affecting the accuracy of classification. Conclusion. A mathematical model has been developed for processing data and images obtained in several spectral ranges during the operation of a multispectral device for an autonomous mobile environmental monitoring platform, which makes it possible to identify objects in the field of view of the device from a mobile platform, to obtain a detailed image of working scene objects with spatial reference relative to the coordinate system used, a distinctive feature of which is to increase the accuracy of calculating the coordinates of local zones pollution, and increasing the reliability of the classification of objects based on the characteristics of diffusive reflectivity in various spectral ranges.
Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Bronchial Asthma in Workers Specializing in Argon Welding Based on Fuzzy Mathematical Models
Authors: Grigorov I. Y. , Starodubtseva L. V. , Seregin S. P. , Shulga L. V. 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of research is to develop fuzzy mathematical models for predicting and early diagnosis of bronchial asthma developing under the influence of toxic substances released during argon welding providing an acceptable quality of decision-making for practical medicine Methods. The paper uses the method of synthesis of fuzzy mathematical models of forecasting and early diagnosis of occupational diseases provoked by the action of industrial pesticides developed in the South-Eastern Federal University on the basis of the methodology of synthesis of hybrid fuzzy decision rules allowing to take into account the multiplicative nature of the links between the risk of occurrence and development of occupational diseases with the concentration and time of exposure to harmful chemicals. Results. Using the chosen method, fuzzy hybrid models of forecasting and early diagnosis of industrial bronchial asthma in welding workers were obtained in which, in addition to the effects of ozone, dust and fibrogenic risk factors on the human body, unfavorable environmental and ergonomic factors combined with individual health characteristics are taken into account. In the course of modeling and expert evaluation, it was shown that the obtained mathematical model provides confidence in the correct prognosis of the occurrence of industrial bronchial asthma in welding workers at least 0.85, and early diagnosis at least 0.9. Conclusion. Hybrid fuzzy models of forecasting and early diagnosis of industrial bronchial asthma in welding workers caused by the presence of ozone and fibrogenic dust in combination with individual, environmental and ergonomic risk factors were obtained, the quality of which was tested on representative control samples. During the control check, it was shown that the prognostic model provides diagnostic specificity and sensitivity at the level of 0.87, and the early diagnosis model - at the level of 0.92, which is a good result for the class of tasks under consideration.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Monitoring the Technical Condition of a Complex Technical Object, Taking Into Account Expert Assessments
Authors: Nesterovich S. A. , Brezhneva A. N. 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the research is to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of monitoring the technical condition of a complex technical object, taking into account expert assessments. Methods. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of a complex technical object is carried out with the help of appropriate performance indicators that characterize the degree of fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them. When choosing performance indicators, the following basic requirements should be taken into account: the indicator should have a quantitative expression and be calculated simply enough; the indicator should be selected taking into account the specifics of the task being solved and reflect the main characteristics of the phenomenon being evaluated; theindicator should be representative and ensure comparability of the evaluation results by the degree of preference, i. e. to prevent incomparable (indifferent) decisions. Results. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of monitoring the technical condition of a complex technical object is presented, taking into account an additional expanded information description with qualitative features (expert assessments). Conclusion. The effectiveness of the control directly depends on the accuracy and completeness of the control. The accuracy of existing control systems is quite high, but the completeness of control does not always take into account qualitative (expert) assessments about the object of control. Improving the efficiency of control systems should go not only at the expense of accuracy and speed, but also at the expense of completeness of control. As a criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the control system, an assessment of the probability of a functional state of a controlled complex technical object is proposed. The calculation of the effectiveness of the control system is proposed, taking into account the additional expanded information description by qualitative signs (expert assessments) about the object of control. It is shown that it is possible to more accurately assess the operational state of the object of control if the completeness of control is higher, with an irreducible accuracy of control.
Information Support for Decision-Making According to the Assessment of Fire-Fighting Distances from the Borders of Open Areas for PBX Storage
Authors: Voloshenko A. A. , Shevtsov M. V. , Denisov A. N. 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of research. Information support has been developed for decision-making on the assessment of fire-fighting distances from the boundaries of open storage areas for PBX to various objects of protection, taking into account the effects of heat flow. The object of the study is an assessment of the fire-fighting distance from the boundaries of open areas of motor vehicles. The subject of the study is information support for making a management decision on the compliance of the object of protection with fire safety requirements, aimed at limiting the consequences of the spread of fire in the form of a fire-fighting distance from the boundaries of open storage areas for PBX to buildings (structures) of I-V degrees of fire resistance of functional fire hazard classes F.1-F.5. The purpose of this work is to create and application of individual calculation formulas to determine the maximum permissible distances from the boundaries of open areas of vehicles to various buildings (structures) based on the use of a computer software product. Methods. Methods of system analysis, management theory and decision-making, and numerical experiment were used to solve the tasks. Results. The article proposes an assessment of the risk of harm to someone else's property and the determination of the value of the safe distance from the boundaries of open areas for storing PBX to various objects of protection by using the software product «Assessment of the safe distance from the boundaries of open areas of motor vehicles», aimed at improving the scientific and experimental and educational and material base of research, expert and educational organizations. The proposed calculation-based assessment of the compliance of the object of protection with fire safety requirements to prevent the spread of fire is aimed for practical application in the organization of activities and the exercise of powers by employees of the FPS of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, experts, as well as owners of protection objects. Conclusion. The proposed information support for decision-making on the assessment of fire-fighting distances from the boundaries of open storage areas for PBX will allow you to establish the risk of harm to someone else's property.
Predicting the Risk of Total Hip Replacement by Using A Deep Learning Algorithm on Plain Pelvic Radiographs: Diagnostic Study
Authors: Chen Chih-Chi , Wu Cheng-Ta , Chen Carl P C , Chung Chia-Ying , Chen Shann-Ching , Lee Mel S , Cheng Chi-Tung , Liao Chien-Hung 
Published: August 2023

Background
Total hip replacement (THR) is considered the gold standard of treatment for refractory degenerative hip disorders. Identifying patients who should receive THR in the short term is important. Some conservative treatments, such as intra-articular injection administered a few months before THR, may result in higher odds of arthroplasty infection. Delayed THR after functional deterioration may result in poorer outcomes and longer waiting times for those who have been flagged as needing THR. Deep learning (DL) in medical imaging applications has recently obtained significant breakthroughs. However, the use of DL in practical wayfinding, such as short-term THR prediction, is still lacking.

Objective
In this study, we will propose a DL-based assistant system for patients with pelvic radiographs to identify the need for THR within 3 months.

Methods
We developed a convolutional neural network–based DL algorithm to analyze pelvic radiographs, predict the hip region of interest (ROI), and determine whether or not THR is required. The data set was collected from August 2008 to December 2017. The images included 3013 surgical hip ROIs that had undergone THR and 1630 nonsurgical hip ROIs. The images were split, using split-sample validation, into training (n=3903, 80%), validation (n=476, 10%), and testing (n=475, 10%) sets to evaluate the algorithm performance.

Results
The algorithm, called SurgHipNet, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.994 (95% CI 0.990-0.998). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of the model were 0.977, 0.920, 0932, and 0.944, respectively.

Conclusions
The proposed approach has demonstrated that SurgHipNet shows the ability and potential to provide efficient support in clinical decision-making; it can assist physicians in promptly determining the optimal timing for THR.
Retention in an mHealth App Aiming to Promote the Use of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Female Sex Workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mbotwa Christopher H , Kazaura Method R , Moen Kåre , Leshabari Melkizedeck T , Metta Emmy , Mmbaga Elia J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing access to smartphones in sub-Saharan Africa offers an opportunity to leverage mobile health (mHealth) technology to improve access to health care in underserved populations. In the domain of HIV prevention, mHealth interventions can potentially contribute to solving the challenges of suboptimal adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and low retention in PrEP services among populations most vulnerable to HIV acquisition. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about the use of such interventions in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the extent and predictors of retention in an mHealth app (Jichunge) that aims to promote adherence to PrEP and retention in PrEP care among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods
A prospective cohort of female sex workers residing in Dar es Salaam were recruited, using respondent-driven sampling. All participants were provided with the Jichunge app as they started PrEP. A questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics and other structural factors, while app use data for the 60-day period following the first 150 days of being in the intervention arm were extracted from the app’s back end. A multivariable log-binomial model was used to determine predictors of 6-month retention in the Jichunge app.

Results
A total of 470 female sex workers were recruited. Nearly three-quarters of participants (206/284, 72.5%) who came to the 6-month follow-up interview no longer had the Jichunge app on their phones. The majority of these participants (193/206, 93.7%) no longer had access to the app because of issues related to their phones. Data extracted from the back end of the app showed that the use of the app declined over time, and only 13.4% (63/470) of the participants were retained (continued to use the app) after 6 months of intervention. At 6 months, women aged ≥35 years were >2 times more likely to use the app than women aged 18 to 24 years (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.1; P=.01). Furthermore, retention in the app was higher among participants who demonstrated high PrEP awareness at baseline (aRR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3; P=.01) and among those who had experienced financial difficulties due to health care spending (aRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.2; P=.01).

Conclusions
Most female sex workers (206/284, 72.5%) who were enrolled in PrEP care in Tanzania no longer used the Jichunge app after 6 months. Retention in the app at 6 months was predicted by older age, high PrEP awareness, and financial difficulties due to health care spending. Strategies for the long-term retention of participants in mHealth apps, such as systems for reinstallations of apps, should be considered during the design phase.
An Alternative Explanation for the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE): Weathering of Rocks Containing Minerals with Peroxy Bonds
Authors: Liu Victor , Stolc Viktor , Freund Friedemann 
Published: August 2023

During the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 2.4 - 2.35 Gyrs ago, Earth
experienced a notable shift in its oxidation state. This has been widely
attributed to cyanobacteria having “invented” oxygenic
photosynthesis. We present a very different view based on the fact that
oxygen is released from rocks during weathering. If so, the GOE must
have been caused by an influx of abiogenic O into
Earth’s surface environment. Minerals forming Earth’s crust contain
impurity hydroxyls such as OSiOH. Pairs of those are
known to undergo a common redox conversion, ubiquitously forming peroxy
defects plus H:
OSiOH-HOSiO
⇌
OSi/\SiO
+ H
Being diffusively mobile, most H2 will be lost, leaving behind bound O
as peroxy. The peroxy defects release O during
weathering:
OSi/\SiO
+ H2O → OSiOH-HOSiO +
12 O
We suggest that this abiogenically generated O was
responsible for the progressive oxidation of the early Earth and that
this abiotic process drove the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE).
The Effect of Strategic and Directive Leaderships on School Leader’s Performance
Authors: I Made Sila  , I Made Sutika  , I Made Astra Winaya  , I Nengah Sudiarta  , I Gede Sujana  , Ida Bagus Rai  
Published: August 2023

School leaders have a number of roles that should be played together, including educators, managers, administrators, supervisors, motivators, entrepreneurs, and leaders. The role of school leaders as leaders and as instructional leaders specifically.This study aims to analyses the correlation between strategic and directive leadership on school leaders performance. The analysis used is a qualitative approach with a correlation design. This research was conducted using a survey method. The population in this study was the leader staffs (head and deputy head) of schools from kindergarten to high school/vocational school. The samples were taken from all existing leaders. The method used was regression and correlation as well as a significance test with the F test and the coefficient of determination (R2). The population in this study were the leadership staff (heads and deputy heads) of schools starting from kindergarten to high school/vocational school. The sample/population was taken from all the existing leaders, as many as 18 people. This study also used interview and questionnaire techniques, namely holding questions and answers with representative sources to answer problems in the field (school). The analysis used is a qualitative approach with a correlation design. The results of the study showed that Strategic and directive leaderships have a significant effect on the school leader’s performance. Strategic leadership has a stronger influence on leadership performance, while directive leadership has a weaker influence.
Filsafat Ilmu: Moral dan Ilmu
Authors: Nasution Silvia Fauziah 
Published: August 2023

Kaitan ilmu dan moral merupakan kontroversi yang tak pernah kunjung padam. Gejala ini menyebabkan kekacauan dan salah tafsir mengenai hakekat keilmuan serta kecurigaan dan ketidakpercayaan terhadap ilmuwan. Kontroversi yang berkepanjangan itu disebabkan oleh kaitan ilmu dan moral dibahas dari segi yang terlalu umum, dan bukan dari unsur-unsur yang membentuknya. Materi penelitian berdasarkan penelitian pustaka, maka data yang dikumpulkan merupakan data kualitatif dari berbagai sumber pustaka yang diolah dengan metode reflektif, dilengkapi dengan metode ’verstehen’.