bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of Unmada Symptom Checklist
Authors: Patil Suchitra S. , Singh Amit , Nagarathna R. , Nagendra H. R. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Psychosis is explained as Unmada in Ayurveda Medical Science. Types of Unmada are based on Tridosha. General and a specific symptom of Unmada have been explained in classics exclusively. Unmada is alteration in mental functions such as behavior, emotions, intellect, memory, and character. The symptoms of Unmada are (1) Mano vibhrama - altered functions of mind, (2) Buddhi vibhrama - altered discriminative power, judgment, (3) Sanjañā jñāna vibhrama - altered consciousness, (4) Smriti vibhrama - confused memory, (5) Bhakti vibhrama - altered attachment or embellishment, (6) Śīla vibhrama - altered nature or disposition, (7) Cheshta vibhrama - altered motion or gesture, and (8) Ācāra vibhrama - altered custom or practice. Many scales such as the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS) and positive and negative symptom scale are available from the modern perceptive. According to the Ayurveda perceptive, Unmada-specific symptom scale to measure Tridosha in psychotic patients is available, but there is a need for a standard scale to measure general symptoms so that the treatment for behavior, emotions, intellect, and memory can be planned as per the derangement. Hence, this study has been taken.

Aims and Objective:
The objective of the study was to develop a simple, standardized instrument to assess symptoms of Unmada according to the Ayurveda concepts in the diagnosed patients of psychosis.

Methods:
This was a descriptive type of study to develop a scale. A 54-item, Unmada symptom checklist (USC) was developed based on symptoms description in Ayurvedic classics and by taking the opinions of experts (five Ayurvedic experts, five psychiatrists, and five psychologists). It was evaluated in 30 patients with the diagnosis of nonaffective psychosis to check the reliability of the instrument. Moreover, the scale was administered on 30 patients who were diagnosed with psychosis. The duration for administration was about 20–25 min.

Results:
The reliability of a USC was good which was supported by high internal consistency values of Cronbach’s α – 0.9144. Correlation between total scores of BPRS and US was 0.959 and P<0.001, which was considered as statistically significant. Interrater reliability coefficient for each item ranged from 0.627 to 0.951. Correlation, which measures of criterion related validity, was 0.950 with BPRS, which suggested that Ayurveda concepts correlate with modern concepts.

Conclusions:
An USC is a simple, efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for clinicians to diagnose Unmada in patients according to the Ayurveda concept. However, further research with more number of samples, more diverse groups of psychotic disorders, and a broader range of convergent and discriminant validity are needed.
Development and Validation of Self-Recorded Swasthya Assessment Scale
Authors: Panda Prajna Paramita , Harti Shivakumar S. , Rao Mangalagowri V. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The Self-Recorded Swasthya Assessment Scale (SRSAS) is intended to develop a comprehensive questionnaire to assess the health status of an individual. SRSAS has three sections, namely physical, mental, and social health.

Materials and Methods:
The questionnaire has been prepared based on physical, mental, and social health parameters. In section 1, the questions of the physical fitness component are derived from International Fitness Scale and the questions of physical ill-health component are prepared on the basis of Swastha criteria described in literature from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Kashyapa Samhita. In section 2, the mental toughness questions are prepared based on Ayurveda parameters and MTQ-48 and mental ill-health questions are prepared from Ayurveda parameters and guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association (2013), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition. The health status will be assessed based on the self-recorded response of the subjects. The time frame for the questions is the PAST WEEK. The questionnaire is designed to assess subject's USUAL abilities in their routine environment.

Results:
The questionnaire was administrated on 117 individuals. The data collected were statistically analyzed for internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha and for sampling adequacy by Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) test. The Cronbach's alpha for the fitness group of questions and ill-health group of questions were 0.832 and 0.799, respectively. The KMO value for the fitness group of questions and ill-health group of questions were 0.791 and 0.588, respectively.

Conclusion:
The Cronbach's alpha and KMO value showing the internal consistency and sampling adequacy are acceptable. It is concluded that the questionnaire is reliable and valid to use to assess the health status of an individual according to Ayurveda.
Standardization of Bindu Pramana for Nasya
Authors: Balagopal Aiswarya , Sukumar Bargale Sushant 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Nasya (nasal administration of medication) is one of Dinacharya (daily regimen) mentioned by Acharyas. Two Bindu is considered the recommended dose of Pratimarsha Nasya (done as a part of daily regimen). Bindu is defined as the total quantity of liquid medicine that dribbles down when the first two digits of index finger (distal and middle phalanges) are dipped into it and taken out of the same. Considering the above definition of Bindu, it is evident that Bindu Pramana varies from person to person probably due to the variation in size of one’s index finger and also viscosity of the liquid used for Nasya.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 405 apparently healthy subjects with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 coming under the age group of 18–60 years were selected. The subjects had to dip their index finger up to middle interphalangeal joint in Anu Taila, Tila Taila, and Sarshapa Taila one after the other. The whole amount of Taila (oil) that dripped down after dipping finger was collected in a watch glass and sucked into calibrated syringe for further calculations.

Results:
The Bindu Pramana for subjects with BMI range within 18.50–24.99 kg/m2 was found to be 0.55 ml (12.4 drops) for Tila Taila, 0.57 ml (12.4 drops) for Anu Taila, and 0.56 ml (11.8 drops) for Sarshapa Taila.

Conclusion:
This study of standardization of Bindu Pramana for Nasya concluded that Bindu Pramana for subjects with BMI range within 18.50–24.99 kg/m2 is 0.6 ml which is approximately 12 drops for all three Taila.
Ayurvedic Management of Vicharchika (Lichen Simplex Chronicus) - A Case Report
Authors: Singh Neelam Kumari , Sengar Alok Singh , Khuntia Bipin Bihari 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) consists of lichenified scaly plaque due to chronic scratching. The available conventional treatments are various topical antipruritic agents and corticosteroids, which are associated with high rates of treatment failure and complications because trans-epidermal drug absorption is limited. LSC manifests as a significant challenge to a physician due to persistent itching and therapeutic resistance. In Ayurveda, this condition has a close resemblance to Vicharchika. Vicharchika is a type of Kshudra kustha with dominancy of Kapha dosha characterized by redness, itching, pain, cracks, and dryness. In this case report, a 48 year old female reported complaints of multiple black-colored patches on the dorsum surface of bilateral feet with severe itching for 6 years. Local examination revealed lichenified hyperpigmented plaques with erythematous bases and well-defined edges covered by white scales with central excoriation. Plaques were found bilaterally over the dorsum of feet and malleolus. Based on symptoms and signs, the case of LSC was diagnosed. This case was managed effectively with Ayurvedic internal medications such as Arogyavardhini Vati, Kaishore Guggulu, Nishaamlaki Vati, Triphala churna, Khadirarishta, and local application of Brihat Marichyadi oil and Sudha Gandhak. The outcome assessment was based on improvement in the size of skin patches, hyperpigmentation, thickening, and itching. Complete improvement has been observed in symptoms after 4 months of regular treatment. No adverse effect pertaining to the prescribed drug was reported during the study period. Ayurvedic medicines offer a good approach to managing LSC.
Staining characteristics of the lid margin
Authors: Kamel Anhar M. , Shafik Heba M. , Awara Amr M. , Shalaby Osama E. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Vital stains are very important for evaluation of Marx line (ML) location, regularity, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. ML score can be used to assess Meibomian gland function, whereas lid wiper epitheliopathy is considered an early indicator for tear film instability.

Aim
To evaluate staining characteristics of the lid margin in different disease conditions, such as dry eye, Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and eyelid malposition using vital stains.

Patients and methods
A total of 80 patients aged between 40 and 60 years were included in this study. Patients were already diagnosed as having dry eye, MGD, and eyelid malposition (ectropion and entropion). Vital stains (fluorescein, rose Bengal, and Lissamine green) were used to assess the lid wiper area and ML position in these diseases.

Results
The included 80 participants comprised 44 females and 36 males aged from 40 to 60 years, with mean±SD of 45.10 ± 5.42 years for normal participants, and it was 47.35 ± 6.57 years for dry eye participants. ML was straight in 75% of normal group, but it was irregular in 65% of the dry eye group, 100% of the malposition group, and 70% of MGD group. Lid wiper epitheliopathy was mild degree in one-third of normal participants. In dry eye participants, it was moderate and severe (45% for each).

Conclusion
ML is irregular and moved gradually anterior to the eyelid margin with different diseases such as dry eye, MGD, and eyelid malposition. Lid wiper epitheliopathy provides information about the location of ML, and it can be easily seen by using the vital staining, and it is useful in the diagnosis of tear film instability.
Evaluation of cerebral hemodynamic alterations by transcranial Doppler in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Rowisha Mennat-Allah M. , El Mahdy Heba S. , El Barbary Aly A. , Dawoud Tamer M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Transcranial Doppler is a noninvasive approach with high temporal resolution, permitting continuous cerebral blood flow velocity recording through major cerebral arteries.

Aim
To determine cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in neonatal sepsis (NS) by ultrasound (US) Doppler examination.

Patients and methods
This prospective case–control trial was conducted on 60 neonates who were divided into two groups: group I (sepsis): 32 neonates with NS diagnosed by clinical and laboratory data and group II (control): 28 healthy neonates with gestational age and sex matched. All cases underwent detailed antenatal and natal history, clinical and laboratory investigations and transcranial Doppler examination with assessment of CBF.

Results
As regards anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), peak systolic velocity (PSV) (cm/s) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) (cm/s) were significantly increased in the sepsis group than in the control group (P<0.001), but both resistive index and pulsatility index were significantly decreased, in the sepsis group than in the control group (P<0.001). Validity of MCA PSV with a cut-off point of 55.4 detects a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 86%; validity of MCA EDV with a cutoff point of 18 detects a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 89%; validity of ACA PSV with a cutoff point of 49.3 detects a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 93%; validity of ACA EDV with a cutoff point of 21 detects a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 93%.

Conclusion
NS was found to elevate both PSV, EDV, decrease resistivity, and pulsatility indices causing an elevated CBF and a decreased resistance.
Peran Administrasi Dan Manajemen Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Tan Juan Ananta , Agata Krinanda , Sabadnugroho Samuel , Liantoro Liantoro , Soenjaya Lindawaty 
Published: September 2023

Effective teachers in primary schools face difficulties due to a lack of responsibility and a lack of application of Christian values, which serve as the foundation for their leadership. The role of administration and management in Christian Religious Education (CRE) in primary schools is very important in fostering the spiritual and moral development of students. This abstract explores the important functions played by administrators and managers in facilitating PAK programs and ensuring their effectiveness in the basic education environment. Administrators and managers collaborate to design a PAK curriculum that aligns with the mission and values of the educational institution, while meeting the needs and expectations of students and their families. This includes selecting appropriate textbooks, teaching materials, and resources. Selecting qualified educators and providing them with ongoing training and support is an important administrative function. Teachers who are skilled and experienced in Christian theology and pedagogical strategies can provide meaningful religious education for students. The role of administration and management in Christian religious education in primary schools is multifaceted and is very important for student development in an educational context.

Tantangan guru yang efektif di sekolah dasar terletak pada tidak adanya akuntabilitas dan kurangnya penerapan nilai-nilai kristiani, yang memandu kepemimpinan guru di sekolah dasar. Peran administrasi dan manajemen dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di sekolah dasar sangat penting dalam membina perkembangan spiritual dan moral para siswa. Abstrak ini mengeksplorasi fungsi-fungsi penting yang dimainkan oleh para administrator dan manajer dalam memfasilitasi program-program PAK dan memastikan keefektifannya di lingkungan pendidikan dasar. Administrator dan manajer berkolaborasi untuk merancang kurikulum PAK yang selaras dengan misi dan nilai-nilai lembaga pendidikan, sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan siswa dan keluarga mereka. Hal ini termasuk memilih buku pelajaran, bahan ajar, dan sumber daya yang sesuai. Memilih pendidik yang berkualitas dan memberi mereka pelatihan dan dukungan yang berkelanjutan adalah fungsi administrasi yang penting. Guru-guru yang terampil dan berpengalaman dalam teologi Kristen dan strategi pedagogis dapat memberikan pendidikan agama yang bermakna bagi para siswa. Peran administrasi dan manajemen dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen di sekolah dasar memiliki banyak segi dan sangat penting bagi perkembangan siswa dalam konteks pendidikan.
BOTTLE TO BRAND: EXPLORING HOW EFFECTIVE BRANDING ENERGIZED STAR LAGER BEER'S PERFORMANCE IN A FIERCE MARKET
Authors: Kelechi Chidiebere Ihemereze  , Awele Vivian Ekwezia  , Nsisong Louis Eyo-Udo  , Uneku Ikwue  , Obinna Arize Ufoaro  , Ese Eigbadon Oshioste  , Chibuike Daraojimba  
Published: September 2023

This study explores the significant influence of effective brand management on the success of products in the market. The study examines the aspects of brand management that affect consumer loyalty and market acceptance using the beer Star Lager as a case study. Data were gathered using a descriptive research design and questionnaires given to 200 respondents in the Surulere neighbourhood of Lagos, Nigeria. The study's findings highlight how brand attributes like taste, cost, television ads, and sales promotions influence consumer acceptance and loyalty. The study refutes presumptions regarding the impact of promotional products on consumer spending. It is concluded that maintaining market leadership and fostering competitive advantage depends on a strategic approach to brand management. The paper provides some recommendations for manufacturers, including a focus on key brand components, consistency in essential brand elements, and a preference for product development and customer satisfaction
Keywords: Brand Management, Product Performance, Customer Loyalty, Competitive Advantage, Consumer Satisfaction, Strategic Marketing, Promotional Strategies, Brand Consistency.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM MERIT PADA BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I PALEMBANG
Authors: LISDIANA LISDIANA , NOVARIA EVA , HERNI EKA TINDYKA 
Published: September 2023

Research on the Analysis of the Implementation of the Merit System at the Palembang Class I Correctional Center aims to identify, describe, and analyze the application of the merit system in the management of state civil servants at the Palembang Class I Correctional Center. The research method used in this research is a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Based on the research results, it is known that the application of the merit system in ASN management in each cycle of HR management starting from the process of selecting and placing employees, employee performance management, awarding employees, and employee development, however, is not optimal due to organizational culture factors and the unavailability of facilities for support the implementation of the merit system. In order to optimize the implementation of the merit system in ASN management at the Palembang Class I Correctional Center, it is necessary to review and evaluate the implementation of the merit system at Palembang Class I Prison.
ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang Analisis Penerapan Sistem Merit Pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Palembang bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan, dan menganalisis penerapan sistem merit dalam manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara Pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Palembang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penerapan sistem merit dalam manajemen ASN dalam setiap siklus manajemen SDM mulai dari proses seleksi dan penempatan pegawai, manajemen kinerja pegawai, pemberian penghargaan terhadap pegawai, dan pengembangan pegawai, akan tetapi belum optimal dikarenakan faktor budaya organisasi dan belum tersedianya sarana untuk mendukung pelaksanaan sistem merit. guna mengoptimalkan penerapan sistem merit dalam manajemen ASN pada Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Palembang maka perlu dilakukan peninjauan kembali dan evaluasi terkait penerapan sistem merit pada Bapas Kelas I Palembang.
GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM NA DISCIPLINA DE BIOLOGIA
Authors: Feliciano Silas Mendes , Souza Jones Alves de , Silva Maria de Nazaré Paiva da , Teles Rosilene Nascimento 
Published: September 2023

Este artigo aborda a utilização de uma atividade gamificada, como uma opção para o processo de aprendizagem e avaliação, e tem como objetivo explorar a implementação da gamificação no ensino de Biologia, inspirado por experiências durante a fase de regência de estágio supervisionado. O estudo foi aplicado em uma Escola Estadual de Tempo Integral localizada no municipio de Lábrea, interior do Amazonas. O método foi bem aceito pelos alunos que se engajaram e mostraram maior interesse no conteúdo exposto, além de incentivar a discussão dos temas abordados em sala de aula e melhorar a relação entre professor e estudante. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de uma linguagem dinâmica e variada pode ser adotada de forma mais comum nos currículos escolares, e a incorporação de elementos dos games na metodologia de ensino pode facilitar a compreensão de conceitos, reforçar o aprendizado, promover a sociabilidade, a criatividade, o espírito de cooperação e competição.
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred fromδ13C andδ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Authors: Kodama Taketoshi , Nishimoto Atsushi , Nakamura Ken-ichi , Nakae Misato , Iguchi Naoki , Igeta Yosuke , Kogure Yoichi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) are rapidly changing. In this study, we investigated the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of particulate organic matter (δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM, respectively) at depths of ≤100 m in the southern part of the SOJ from 2016 to 2021. δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM exhibited multimodal distributions and were classified as belonging to four classes (I–IV) according to the Gaussian mixed model. A majority of the samples were classified as class II (n=441), with a mean ± standard deviation of δ13CPOM and δ15NPOM of -23.7±1.2 ‰ and 3.1 ± 1.2 ‰, respectively. Compared to class II, class I had significantly low δ15NPOM (-2.1±0.8 ‰, n=11), class III had low δ13CPOM (-27.1±1.0 ‰, n=21), and class IV had high δ13CPOM (-20.7±0.8 ‰, n=34). All the class I samples, whose δ15NPOM showed an outlier of total datasets, were collected in winter and had a comparable temperature and salinity originating in Japanese local rivers. The generalized linear model demonstrated that the temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration had positive effects on δ13CPOM, supporting the idea that the active photosynthesis and phytoplankton growth increased δ13CPOM. However, the fluctuation in δ15NPOM was attributed to the temperature and salinity rather than nitrate concentration, which suggested that the δ15N of source nitrogen for primary production is different among the water masses. These findings suggest that multiple nitrogen sources, including nitrates from the East China Sea, Kuroshio, and Japanese local rivers, contribute to the primary production in the SOJ.
The DTU21 global mean sea surface and first evaluation
Authors: Andersen Ole Baltazar , Rose Stine Kildegaard , Abulaitijiang Adili , Zhang Shengjun , Fleury Sara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract. A new mean sea surface (MSS) from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) called DTU21MSS for
referencing sea-level anomalies from satellite altimetry is introduced in
this paper, and a suite of evaluations are performed. One of the reasons for
updating the existing mean sea surface is the fact that during the last 6
years, nearly 3 times as many data have been made available by space
agencies, resulting in more than 15 years of altimetry from long-repeat
orbits (LROs) or geodetic missions. This includes the two interleaved long-repeat
cycles of Jason-2 with a systematic cross-track distance as low as 4 km. A new processing chain with updated filtering and editing has been
implemented for the DTU21MSS. This way, the DTU21MSS has been computed from 2 Hz
altimetry in contrast to the former DTU15MSS and DTU18MSS which were computed
from 1 Hz altimetry. The new DTU21MSS is computed over the same 20-year
averaging time from 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2012 with a well-specified central
time of 1 January 2003 and is available from https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.19383221.v1 (Andersen, 2022). Cryosat-2 employs synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and SAR interferometric (SARin) modes in a large part of the Arctic Ocean
due to the presence of sea ice. For SAR- and SARin-mode data we applied the
SAMOSA+ physical retracking to make it compatible with the physical
retracker used for conventional low-resolution-mode data in other parts of
the ocean.