bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Conversion: Beyond Catalysis and Photocatalysis
Authors: Fresno Fernando , Iglesias-Juez Ana , Coronado Juan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the combination of both thermal and photochemical contributions has provided interesting opportunities for solar upgrading of catalytic processes. Photothermal catalysis works at the interface between purely photochemical processes, which involve the direct conversion of photon energy into chemical energy, and classical thermal catalysis, in which the catalyst is activated by temperature. Thus, photothermal catalysis acts in two different ways on the energy path of the reaction. This combined catalysis, of which the fundamental principles will be reviewed here, is particularly promising for the activation of small reactive molecules at moderate temperatures compared to thermal catalysis and with higher reaction rates than those attained in photocatalysis, and it has gained a great deal of attention in the last years. Among the different applications of photothermal catalysis, CO2 conversion is probably the most studied, although reaction mechanisms and photonic-thermal synergy pathways are still quite unclear and, from the reaction route point of view, it can be said that photothermal-catalytic CO2 reduction processes are still in their infancy. This article intends to provide an overview of the principles underpinning photothermal catalysis and its application to the conversion of CO2 into useful molecules, with application essentially as fuels but also as chemical building blocks. The most relevant specific cases published to date will be also reviewed from the viewpoint of selectivity towards the most frequent target products.
Greif zu – Entwicklung einer Greifstrategie für robotergestützte Objektübergaben mit und ohne Sichtkontakt
Authors: Langer Dorothea , Legler Franziska , Krusche Sebastian , Bdiwi Mohamad , Palige Selina , Bullinger Angelika C. 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungRobotergestützte Objektübergaben setzen derzeit Sichtkontakt des Roboters mit dem menschlichen Interaktionspartner voraus. Barrierefreie Anwendungsszenarien, z. B. bei Sichtverdeckung im Fertigungsprozess, erfordern jedoch Lösungen ohne Sichtkontakt. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden dazu zwei Ansätze zur Entwicklung einer sicheren Greifstrategie für die Übergabe von Alltagsobjekten (mit und ohne potenziellem Verletzungsrisiko) erarbeitet und in einer Nutzerstudie mit sehenden sowie verblindeten Probanden überprüft. Die entwickelten Greifstrategien ermöglichten über alle Objekte hinweg in 97–99 % der Fälle eine erfolgreiche und sichere Objektübernahme durch den Menschen. Der Erfolg der Objektrückgabe an den Roboter war geringer und stark abhängig vom überreichten Objekt. Einfachheit, Komfort und Sicherheit wurden positiv wahrgenommen, wobei die Bewertung sehender Probanden signifikant positiver war. Die Studie erlaubt die Ableitung von Gestaltungsempfehlungen für die barrierefreie robotergestützte Objektübergabe ohne Sichtkontakt.Praktische Relevanz: Die vorgestellte Studie stellt ein Vorgehen zur Entwicklung von Greifstrategien für die barrierefreie robotergestützte Objektübergabe, auch für Objekte mit potenziellem Verletzungsrisiko, ohne Sichtkontakt vor. Die positiven Ergebnisse in deren anschließender Bewertung durch Nutzer mit und ohne Sichtkontakt bekräftigen die sichere Anwendbarkeit der Greifstrategie in der Praxis. Die Ergebnisse leisten einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung barrierefreier Assistenzrobotik, die Objektübergaben bei Sichtverdeckung im Fertigungsprozess erlaubt, sowie potenziell als Unterstützung sichtbeeinträchtigter Personen einsetzbar ist.
A Model-Based Battery Charging Optimization Framework for Proper Trade-offs Between Time and Degradation
Authors: Appleton Sean , Fotouhi Abbas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aims at developing an optimization framework for electric vehicle charging by considering different trade-offs between battery degradation and charging time. For the first time, the application of practical limitations on charging and cooling power is considered along with more detailed health models. Lithium iron phosphate battery is used as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. A coupled electro-thermal equivalent circuit model is used along with two battery health models to mathematically obtain optimal charging current profiles by considering stress factors of state-of-charge, charging rate, temperature and time. The optimization results demonstrate an improvement over the benchmark constant current–constant voltage (CCCV) charging protocol when considering both the charging time and battery health. A main difference between the optimal and the CCCV charging protocols is found to be an additional ability to apply constraints and adapt to initial conditions in the proposed optimal charging protocol. In a case study, for example, the ‘optimal time’ charging is found to take 12 min while the ‘optimal health’ charging profile suggests around 100 min for charging the battery from 25 to 75% state-of-charge. Any other trade-off between those two extreme cases is achievable using the proposed charging protocol as well.
State familism in action: aging policy and intergenerational support in Singapore
Authors: Zhan Shaohua , Huang Lingli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingapore started to tackle the challenges of an aging society in the 1980s after its fertility declined to sub-replacement levels. A core component of the city-state’s aging policy is to foster intergenerational support, which is based on the value of filial piety, harmonious intergenerational relations, and the elderly as a resource. This paper introduces the concept of state familism to capture Singapore’s comprehensive efforts to strengthen the role of the family in old-age support while promoting mutual assistance across generations. The relevant policies range from the Central Provident Fund, housing, taxation, to old-age support packages. These efforts distinguish Singapore from other Asian countries where the role of the family is sometimes stressed more in rhetoric than in action. State familism in Singapore has drawn criticisms as it is perceived as an attempt to reduce the government’s responsibility. In the recent decade, the Singapore state significantly increased direct financial support for the elderly while keeping the policy of fostering intergenerational support in place. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of Singapore’s state familism for China and other countries.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The construction of the inheritance performance evaluation system for inheritors of intangible cultural heritage of traditional sports
Authors: Liu Rui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper shows the construction of a performance evaluation system for the inheritance of traditional sports intangible cultural inheritors. In order to ensure the scientific nature and rationality of the indicators, a theoretical model of performance evaluation content is first established. Then, based on the theoretical model, the preliminary selection of indicators is completed, and then the expert screening of indicators is further completed by Delphi method, and the weights of each indicator are established through analytic hierarchy. Finally, in order to verify the application effect of the indicator system in practice, this study conducts an empirical study on the system from the perspective of regional performance evaluation. The results show that the discriminating power and applicability of the evaluation indicator are effective, and the evaluation system has a very distinct epochal and people-centered character. In conclusion, the construction of this evaluation system is of great significance to improve the scientific and standardized level of evaluation of Intangible cultural heritage inheritors.
Auditing large language models: a three-layered approach
Authors: Mökander Jakob , Schuett Jonas , Kirk Hannah Rose , Floridi Luciano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) represent a major advance in artificial intelligence (AI) research. However, the widespread use of LLMs is also coupled with significant ethical and social challenges. Previous research has pointed towards auditing as a promising governance mechanism to help ensure that AI systems are designed and deployed in ways that are ethical, legal, and technically robust. However, existing auditing procedures fail to address the governance challenges posed by LLMs, which display emergent capabilities and are adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks. In this article, we address that gap by outlining a novel blueprint for how to audit LLMs. Specifically, we propose a three-layered approach, whereby governance audits (of technology providers that design and disseminate LLMs), model audits (of LLMs after pre-training but prior to their release), and application audits (of applications based on LLMs) complement and inform each other. We show how audits, when conducted in a structured and coordinated manner on all three levels, can be a feasible and effective mechanism for identifying and managing some of the ethical and social risks posed by LLMs. However, it is important to remain realistic about what auditing can reasonably be expected to achieve. Therefore, we discuss the limitations not only of our three-layered approach but also of the prospect of auditing LLMs at all. Ultimately, this article seeks to expand the methodological toolkit available to technology providers and policymakers who wish to analyse and evaluate LLMs from technical, ethical, and legal perspectives.
Knowledge Graph Completion with Triple Structure and Text Representation
Authors: Liu Shuang , Qin YuFeng , Xu Man , Kolmanič Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKnowledge Graphs (KGs) describe objective facts in the form of RDF triples, each triple contains sufficient semantic information and triple structure information. Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) is to acquire new knowledge by predicting hidden relationships between entities and adding the new knowledge to the KG. At present, the mainstream KGC approaches only applied the triple structure information or only utilized the semantic information of the text. This paper proposes an approach (TSTR) using BERT and deep neural networks to fully extract the semantic information of knowledge, and designs an aggregated re-ranking scheme that incorporates existing graph embedding approach to learn the structural information of triples. In experiments, the approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on three benchmark datasets, and outperforms recent KGC approaches on sparsely connected datasets.
Humour beyond human: eco-humour as a pedagogical toolkit for environmental education
Authors: Heidari-Shahreza Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article strives to open a window on ‘eco-humour’, an umbrella term for diverse forms of humour targeting ecological and environmental issues. It encourages readers to consider eco-humour as a valuable, pedagogical toolkit for environmental education and communication. To this aim, eco-humour is, first, put into perspective of humour scholarship. In particular, I discuss the critical and corrective potential of humour to address and possibly redress environmental issues. Pedagogical benefits of humour are, then, touched upon to pave the way for a discussion of ‘humour-integrated environmental education’. The paper also addresses UNESCO’s 2030 roadmap of education for sustainable development and the ‘sustainability’ component of Australian Curriculum to further justify and contextualise the use of eco-humour. Moreover, several university-based initiatives to integrate echo-humour into environmental education are considered. Likewise, I briefly address ‘humour-integrated language learning’ as an emerging approach in language education that may offer valuable insights into eco-humour curriculum integration. Finally, the article points out several practical considerations and future directions in humour-integrated environmental education.
Accountability from cyberspace? Scandal exposure on the Internet and official governance in China
Authors: Chen Shuo , Li Yiran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the effects of social media on government accountability under authoritarian regimes. It examines whether online discussions have a disciplining effect on officials' scandals. We use a unique dataset containing records of scandals discussed on microblogs in China to systematically study their effects on the government response process and officials' disciplining. We find that the government employs clear strategies: higher levels of online discussion lead to quicker government responses and more severe punishment of the officials involved. Scandals involving sexual and economic factors, which initially capture more attention, involve quicker responses and more severe punishments. Even when we exploit rainfall as the instrumental variable to mitigate the endogeneity, the results are still robust. Our findings highlight the accountability mechanism facilitated by social media and the power of social media empowerment.
What mysteries lay in spore: taxonomy, data, and the internationalization of mycology in Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum
Authors: Bolman Brad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractItalian mycologist Pier Andrea Saccardo is best remembered for his monumental Sylloge Fungorum, the first ‘modern’ effort to compile all identified fungi within a single classification scheme. The existing history of mycology is limited and has primarily focused on developments within England, but this article argues that Saccardo and his collaborators on the Sylloge supported a vital transnational expansion of mycological knowledge exchange and played a crucial role in stabilizing the tangled knot of local naming and identification among the world's amateur and professional mycologists. Written in the ‘universal’ scientific language of Latin, the Sylloge served as an early database of fungal knowledge and symbolized a broader unification of mycological inquiry in a moment of expanded scientific correspondence. The article situates this proto-database in broader histories of big data in biology and shows how the Sylloge formed a globalizing foundation for the twentieth century's major collecting and taxonomic advances in mycology.
Twitter ou l'avènement d'un « Frankenstein 2.0 » ? L'impact des géants de la technologie sur la société et le poids des gouvernements face aux dérives technologiques
Authors: Fatah Lahcen 
Published: May 2023

RésuméDepuis l'annonce du rachat de Twitter par Elon Musk, les risques quant à l'avenir du réseau social laissent entrevoir l'avènement d'un « Frankenstein 2.0 » – une notion qui fait référence aux grandes entreprises de technologie dont le contrôle échappe à leurs créateurs. Derrière cet événement se pose la question des dérives technologiques et de leurs impacts sur la société. C'est une occasion pour les gouvernements et en particulier celui du Canada, qui encourage l'ouverture des données et les politiques en faveur des technologies, de redéfinir les règles du jeu. En ce sens, quelques recommandations sont proposées en vue de consolider l'encadrement normatif des technologies au Canada. La loi sur l'intelligence artificielle et les données (LIAD), actuellement en discussion au sein du Parlement, devrait en effet aller plus loin concernant la transparence des systèmes automatisés et renforcer ses exigences en matière de gouvernance des données « algorithmiques ».
The Nucleus: Panel Discussion
Authors: Donn B. 
Published: May 2023

My remarks will present some views of the behavior of the nucleus and problems with their explanation.One thing we definitely know about comets is that there has to be a permanent structure which revolves around the sun in the comets orbit. Permanent means carrying over from apparition to apparition during the lifetime of the comet. I adopt some form of the “icy nucleus” model as proposed by Whipple. This structure reasonably fits most of the known cometary features although no completely consistent model accounting for all known phenomena in a satisfactory manner has yet been described. The icy nucleus does not appear to have any major flaws. It has a real advantageous feature in that detailed models can be constructed and their behavior more or less accurately predicted, e.g. (Donn 1963; Delsemme and Miller, 1971; Sekanina 1972, 1973; Huebner, 1975).
Comet Formation Induced by the Solar Wind
Authors: Whipple Fred L. , Lecar Myron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current evidence concerning the nature of comet nuclei suggests that comets may be sizeable aggregations of interstellar grains. This is a progress report on an effort to find circumstances and processes whereby such aggregations might be formed in the solar system at distances far beyond the proto-planets during the early stages of solar-system development. Under investigation are interactions between the early solar “gale” and the surrounding interstellar gas and dust—the so-called “snowplow effect.” Compression of the gas and resultant motions of the dust coupled with the pressure radiation from the Sun and nearby new stars may, under certain idealized circumstances, produce a high enough concentration of dust for gravitational instability to occur in the dust, thereby producing km-sized coherent bodies. The likelihood or probability of actual comet formation by such processes remain to be determined.
Reunifying Taiwan with China through Cross-Strait Lawfare
Authors: West Michael J. , Insisa Aurelio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrames such as political warfare, sharp power and weaponized interdependence do not capture the full spectrum of China's “reunification” operations targeting Taiwan, particularly in regard to the fundamental legal domain. Making use of primary materials and elite interviews, Beijing's lawfare against Taiwan is examined as part of a matrix of military threats, covert infiltration and measures aimed at attracting Taiwanese public opinion. This study argues that China's multi-domain Taiwan strategy should be understood as hybrid influencing. A foundational element of this strategy is Chinese lawfare, which can be boiled down to three axiomatic principles – namely, to reframe the relationship between Beijing and Taipei as an internal dispute, to close down Taiwan's international space and to contain any right to self-determination. As distinct from Anglophone conceptions, Chinese lawfare seeks in essence to exploit the uncertainty of Taiwan's status under international law to make strategic gains – maximally, “to win without fighting.”
Overparenting and offspring depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ji Wongeun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOverparenting has been considered to contribute to offspring internalizing mental disorders from theoretical perspectives, which some empirical evidence has supported. However, existing findings are inconsistent. To facilitate the understanding of the association between overparenting and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms, an examination of effect sizes is required. By employing the PRISMA method, a meta-analysis was conducted. Fifty-two articles were identified, with 38 studies examining depression, 30 studies examining anxiety, and 21 studies examining internalizing symptoms. The results show that overparenting is associated with offspring depression (mean age 19.94 years) (k = 133, r = .15, p < .001), anxiety (mean age 19.57 years) (k = 101, r = .14, p < .001), and internalizing symptoms (mean age 19.76 years) (k = 58, r = .19, p < .001). Moderator analyses show that the effect sizes are largely equal across SES groups, cultures, the age of offspring, child gender, and study design but may vary depending on the parental gender and report informants. Implications for interventions and future directions are discussed.
Concentration and Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric N2O Over the Last Century
Authors: Ghosh Sambit , Toyoda Sakae , Buizert Christo , Etheridge David M. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Yoshida Naohiro , Kim Seong‐Joong , Ahn Jinho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTemporal changes in the magnitude and geographic distribution of different sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) are not well constrained. To better understand the dynamics of N2O in the atmosphere over the last century, we have reconstructed the mole fraction, δ15Nbulk, δ18O, and δ15NSP values of N2O from ice cores, firn air archives, and modern atmospheric samples. We have provided new firn air records from the Styx Glacier, Antarctica, and the North Greenland Eemian Ice drilling Project, and updated the firn air transport modeling of the published records. The composite reconstruction shows that the N2O growth rates were 0.26 ± 0.05, 0.15 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.01 ppb yr−1 during 1850–1930 (P1), 1931–1965 (P2) and 1966–2021 CE (P3), respectively. The temporal slope found in a linear least squares fit in δ15Nbulk and δ18O were −0.010 ± 0.025 and −0.004 ± 0.031‰ yr−1, −0.014 ± 0.013 and −0.009 ± 0.017‰ yr−1, and −0.040 ± 0.013 and −0.022 ± 0.005‰ yr−1 during P1, P2 and P3 phases, respectively. Overall, a significant long‐term trend was not observed in δ15NSP data. Two‐box model calculations using N2O mole fraction suggest that the total N2O flux (FT) at 2015 CE was 17.5 ± 1.1 TgN yr−1, where flux from the natural (FN) and anthropogenic (FA) sources were ∼60% and 40% of FT, respectively, and the contribution of FA was ∼30% of FT at 1900 CE. Estimated FA and δ15Nbulk of atmospheric N2O suggest that the anthropogenic emissions from continental regions were 12%, 25% and 76% of FA during P1, P2 and P3 phases, respectively.
Fast Secondary Aerosol Formation in Residual Layer and Its Impact on Air Pollution Over Eastern China
Authors: Zhou Xueyu , Huang Xin , Sun Peng , Chi Xuguang , Ren Chuanhua , Lai Shiyi , Wang Zilin , Qi Ximeng , Wang Jiaping , Nie Wei , Xu Zheng , Huo Juntao , Fu Qinyan , Ding Aijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThough China's air quality has been improved in the past decade, haze still engulfs megacities in winter with fast increasing secondary aerosol like nitrate. Given that aerosol and its precursors exhibit great vertical heterogeneity, we conducted airship measurements at Shanghai in December 2017 to understand the critical drivers for the rapidly increased secondary pollution. By integrating in‐situ observations and model simulations, we found that cold front favors the long‐range transport of pollutants, during which chemical formation of nitrate in residual layer was faster than near the surface due to concentrated precursors and sufficient oxidation. The nitrate aloft would be entrained down once the daytime convective boundary layer develops, thereby deteriorating near‐surface air pollution. It is shown that the local surface‐level chemical production played a minor role, whereas the synoptic weather and boundary layer evolution largely contributed to enhanced secondary aerosol pollution (>60%). This study demonstrates that weather systems, boundary layer evolution, and chemical processes could jointly shape secondary aerosol production, highlighting the importance of a vertical understanding of haze pollution.