bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitude, Practice, and Associated factors of pregnant women towards prenatal ultrasound in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A cross- sectional study
Authors: Haile Zegeye Wubeshet , Goshu Eyayalem Melese , Kumsa Marema Jebessa , Getahun Eneyew Belay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background:Prenatal ultrasound in antenatal care is widely recognised as one method of reducing maternal mortality. Pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes concerning prenatal ultrasound are thought to influence their response. However, little is known about pregnant women’s attitude and practice of prenatal ultrasound in Addis Ababa. This study aimed to assess attitude, practice and associated factors of pregnant women toward prenatal ultrasound in public hospitals of Addis Ababa.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 404 pregnant women from June to July 2022 at four public hospitals of Addis Ababa. A simple random sampling and systematic random sampling were used to select the study area and eligible individuals respectively. Interview using a structured questionnaire was employed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with attitude and practice. The odds ratio at 95% confidence interval with p-value less than 0.05% were considered statistically significant.Results:Magnitude of having positive attitude and good practice of pregnant women toward prenatal ultrasound were 71.5%and 60.6% respectively. Government employed women (AOR: 2.327; 95%CI: 1.177-4.600), ultrasound exposure for reason other than pregnancy (AOR: 2.009; 95%CI: 1.226-3.293), history of congenital anomaly (AOR: 4.82; 95%CI: 1.765-13.164) and experience of pregnancy (AOR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.348-4.130) were significantly associated with attitude of prenatal ultrasound. Government employed (AOR=2.286; 95%CI: 1.110-4.708), ultrasound exposure (AOR= 1.893; 95%CI; 1.211-2.960), history of congenital anomaly birth (AOR= 2.444; 95%CI: 1.070-5.582), and women's knowledge of ultrasound (AOR= 2.018; 95%CI: 1.230-3.311) were significantly associated with practice.Conclusions;The level of attitude and practice toward prenatal ultrasound can be improved with increase knowledge of obstetric ultrasound scan to all antenatal women. Health professionals in antenatal care units should advise pregnant women to improve their attitude and practice that helps to have prenatal ultrasound scan as recommended by the WHO.
Community engagement to inform development of strategies to improve referral for hypertension: Perspectives of patients, providers and local community members in western Kenya
Authors: Naanyu Violet , Njuguna Benson , Koros Hillary , Andesia Josephine , Kamano Jemima , Mercer Tim , Bloomfield Gerald , Pastakia Sonak , Vedanthan Rajesh , Akwanalo Constantine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is the leading cause of death and disability. Clinical care for patients with hypertension in Kenya leverages referral networks to provide basic and specialized healthcare services. However, referrals are characterized by non-adherence and delays in completion. An integrated health information technology (HIT) and peer-based support strategy to improve adherence to referrals and blood pressure control was proposed. A formative assessment gathered perspectives on barriers to referral completion and garnered thoughts on the proposed intervention.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study in Kitale, Webuye, Kocholya, Turbo, Mosoriot and Burnt Forest areas of Western Kenya. We utilized the PRECEDE-PROCEED framework to understand the behavioral, environmental and ecological factors that would influence uptake and success of our intervention. We conducted four mabaraza, eighteen key informant interviews, and twelve focus group discussions among clinicians, patients and community members. The data obtained was audio recorded alongside field note taking. Audio recordings were transcribed and translated for onward coding and thematic analysis using NVivo 12.
Results
Specific supply-side and demand-side barriers influenced completion of referral for hypertension. Key demand-side barriers included lack of money for care and inadequate referral knowledge. On the supply-side, long distance to health facilities, low availability of services, unaffordable services, and poor referral management were reported. All participants felt that the proposed strategies could improve delivery of care and expressed much enthusiasm for them. Participants appreciated benefits of the peer component, saying it would motivate positive patient behavior, and provide health education, psychosocial support, and assistance in navigating care. The HIT component was seen as reducing paper work, easing communication between providers, and facilitating tracking of patient information. Participants also shared concerns that could influence implementation of the two strategies including consent, confidentiality, and reduction in patient-provider interaction.
Conclusions
Appreciation of local realities and patients’ experiences is critical to development and implementation of sustainable strategies to improve effectiveness of hypertension referral networks. Incorporating concerns from patients, health care workers, and local leaders facilitates adaptation of interventions to respond to real needs. This approach is ethical and also allows research teams to harness benefits of participatory community-involved research.
Trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03543787, Registered June 1, 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03543787
Application of PBL Combined with Lecture-based Learning for Immunochemistry Course
Authors: Song Pingping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective:By systematically evaluating the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) and traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) on the learning of undergraduates majoring in Chemical Biology, the significance of PBL applied in Immunochemistry Course will be explored.Methods:The teaching objects were the undergraduates majoring in Chemical Biology. The 62 undergraduates in Grade 2018 as the control group adopted the traditional LBL mode, while the 45 undergraduates in Grade 2019 and 48 undergraduates in Grade 2020 as the experimental groups adopted the two modes of PBL and LBL. For the PBL mode, 6 cases related to the course were designed for the students to complete. The Immunochemistry final exams of the undergraduates in Grades 2018-2020 were analyzed by the score ranges (<60 points, 60-69 points 70-79 points, and ≥80 points. The questionnaire survey about the analysis of the cases was performed on the undergraduates of Grades 2019-2020.Results:In Grades 2019 and 2020, the excellent rates (≥80 points), pass rates (≥60 points), fail rates (<60 points) and average scores of the undergraduates were separately 29%, 62-65%, 6-9% and 73-74. But in Grade 2018, the excellent rate, pass rate, failure rate, and average score of the undergraduates were separately 10%, 50%, 40%, and 62.55. In addition, the percentage of undergraduates in Grades 2019 and 2020 was separately 44% and 27% in the range of 70-79 points, and 18% and 38% in the range of 60-69 points. The teacher-student questionnaire on the teaching evaluation also confirmed the teaching effect of the PBL mode.Conclusion:The combination of PBL and LBL teaching modes has a positive impact on the student’s learning in the Immunochemistry Course.
CSF 14-3-3ζ is associated with tau pathology and elevated across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Qiang Qiang , Skudder-Hill Loren , Toyota Tomoko , Huang Zhe , Wei Wenshi , Adachi Hiroaki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
14-3-3 is a family of conserved proteins that consist of seven isoforms which are highly expressed in the brain, and 14-3-3ζ is one of the isoforms encoded by the YWHAZ gene. Previous studies demonstrated that 14-3-3ζ is deposited in the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains, and that 14-3-3ζ interacts with tau from the purified neurofibrillary tangles of AD brain extract.
Methods
The present study examined the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14-3-3ζ levels of 719 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), including cognitively normal (CN) participants, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with AD dementia. Associations between fluid biomarkers of AD (Aβ and tau pathologies, neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction and neuroinflammation) with CSF 14-3-3ζ were tested by linear regression models, adjusted by age, sex, years of education and APOE ε4 status. Linear mixed-effect models evaluated how baseline CSF 14-3-3ζ levels predict the changes of cognition scores and neuroimaging findings over time. Cox proportional hazards models assessed how baseline CSF 14-3-3ζ levels influence the relative risk of progression to AD in patients with MCI.
Results
CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were increased in prodromal AD, and further elevated in AD dementia stage. CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were associated with CSF phosphorylated tau 181(p-tau) and plasma p-tau, which are fluid biomarkers of tau pathology, and could predict tau positive status with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.891). CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were also associated with cognitive measurements and neuroimaging findings both at baseline and during follow up, and high CSF 14-3-3ζ levels were associated with subsequent progression to AD dementia in patients with MCI.
Conclusions
This study suggests that CSF 14-3-3ζ is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of AD that may be useful in clinical practice.
Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis in Crohn’s disease
Authors: wenquan Zhang , Li Zhaoshui , Li Hongbo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective:Ferroptosis-related genes may have a critical regulatory role in the pathogenetic process of Crohn’ disease(CD).The purpose of this study was to identify genes expressed in CD that are associated with ferroptosis and provide direction in the diagnosis and therapy of Crohn's disease.
Methods: The data for CD mRNA expression were first gathered from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and two gene sets were selected as major targets (GSE75214 and GSE102133) and analyzed differentially expressed genes.Next,R software (version 4.1.2) was used to analyze the common genes in CD differential expressed genes and ferroptosis-related genes.GO enrichment analysis,KEGG pathway analysis were used to identify differential related pathways and functions.Protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis was performed to identify target genes.DSigDB website was used to predict potential target drugs for hub genes.Finally, qRT-PCR method were used to detect the expression of these ferroptosis related genes in clinical samples obtained from healthy control and CD patients.
Result: According to two GEO datasets, we finally identified 13 ferroptosis DEGs(10 upregulated genes and 2 downregulated genes) in crohn disease with the threshold of p-value < 0.05 and |log2 FC| > 1 and selected for continued analysis.Go enrichment analysis and KEGG pathways results were shown in the following figures.PPI analysis indicate the mutual effect between these genes and filtered out 5 hub genes.Top 10 potential targeted drugs were selected. Finally, the result of qRT-PCR shown that the expression of three genes IL-6,PTGS2 and DUOX2 were different between CD samples and healthy samples.This result was consistent with the results we obtained in the biological information analysis.
Conclusion: Bioinformatics analysis identified a total of 13 iron death-associated genes in CD. Three differential genes IL-6,PTG32 and DUOX2 were detected in tissue experiments.Our findings might provide new biomarkers and promising treatment targets in CD.
Accuracy of biomicroscopy, ultrasonography and spectral-domain OCT in detection of complete posterior vitreous detachment
Authors: Zvorničanin Jasmin , Zvorničanin Edita , Popović Maja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of pre-operative biomicroscopy (BM), ultrasonography (US), and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for determining complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) confirmed by intraoperative findings of triamcinolone acetonide-assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).
Methods
This prospective study included all consecutive patients admitted for surgical treatment of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular hole (MH). Presence of complete PVD was determined one day before PPV using BM, US, SD-OCT. Preoperative findings were compared to PVD status determined during PPV.
Results
A total of 123 eyes of 123 patients were included in the study. Indications for PPV included ERM in 57 (46.3%), full thickness macular hole in 57 (46.3%) and lamellar macular hole in 9 (7.3%) patients. Complete PVD during PPV was observed in 18 (31.6%; 95%CI:18.7–49.9) patients with ERM and 13 (19.7%; 95%CI:10.4–33.7) patients with MH. The sensitivity of preoperative BM, US, SD-OCT was 48.4% (95%CI:30.2–66.9), 61.3% (95%CI:42.2–78.2) and 54.8% (95%CI:36.0-72.7) respectively. The specificity of preoperative BM, US, SD-OCT was 81.5% (95%CI:72.1–88.9), 90.2% (95%CI:82.2–95.4) and 85.9% (95%CI:77.0-92.3) respectively. With a prevalence of 25.2% of PVD in our sample the positive predictive value of preoperative BM, US, SD-OCT was 46.9% (95%CI:29.1–65.3), 67.9% (95%CI:47.6–84.1) and 56.7% (95%CI:37.4–74.5) respectively.
Conclusion
Preoperative BM, US and SD-OCT showed relatively low sensitivity but also good specificity in assessment of complete PVD. A combination of all three diagnostic methods can provide a good assessment of the vitreoretinal interface state.
Genomic landscapes of ovarian clear cell carcinoma from Latin countries reveal aberrations linked to survival and progression
Authors: Batista Mariana de Paiva , Roffe Martin , Romero Ignacio , Lopez José Antonio , Illueca Carmen , Lopez Raquel , Costa Alexandre Balieiro Anastacio da , de Brot Louise , Molina Juan Pablo , Barboza Laura , Peria Fernanda Maris , Chahud Fernando , Yamada Ana Silvia Gouvea , Poveda Andrés , Rego Eduardo Magalhães 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCCs) are rare, aggressive and chemoresistant tumors. Geographical and ethnic differences in the incidence of OCCC have been reported with a higher incidence in Asiatic countries. There is a paucity of information regarding OCCC in Latin America (LA) and other countries.
Methods
Here, we characterized two cohorts of 33 patients with OCCC from LA (24 from Brazil and 9 from Costa Rica) and a cohort of 27 patients from Spain. Genomic analysis was performed for 26 OCCC using the OncoScan platform. Tumors were classified according to their genomic landscapes into the Simplex-like (Sxl), Firestorm-like (FSl) and Sawtooth-like (STl) subgroups.
Results
The median overall survival (OS) was not significantly different between the cohorts. Genomic landscapes were characterized by different homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) levels. OCCCs with MYC-amplified tumors bearing a concomitant loss of a region in chromosome 13q12-q13 that includes the BRCA2 gene (MB subgroup) had the longest OS. In contrast, non-MB patients carrying a high number (> 30) of total copy number (CN) aberrations presented the shortest OS (PS subgroup). Furthermore, amplification of the ASH1L gene was also associated with a shorter OS. No difference in the distribution of genomic landscapes or MB and PS profiles was detected between patients from the different cohorts. Initial-stage OCCCs with early progression were characterized by gains in the JNK1 and MKL1 genes.
Conclusions
Our results provide new data from understudied OCCC populations and reveal new potential markers and therapeutic targets for OCCCs.
Arabic Offline Handwritten Text Recognition with Transformers
Authors: Momeni Saleh , babaali bagher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Handwriting recognition has always been one of the most important and challenging issues in pattern recognition and machine learning due to its diverse applications. In this paper, we investigate the problem of Arabic offline handwritten text recognition. Existing approaches mainly use a combination of convolutional and recurrent layers for image understanding and connectionist temporal classification for text generation. Due to the sequential nature of recurrent neural networks, these methods suffer from a lack of parallelization. In addition, since these models cannot model linguistic rules, an external language model is often used in the post-processing stage to increase accuracy. To address these problems, we consider two different architectures, namely the Transformer Transducer and the standard sequence-to-sequence Transformer, and compare them in terms of accuracy and performance. Our approach can model language dependencies and relies only on the attention mechanism, making it more parallelizable and less complex. We adopt pre-trained Transformers for both image understanding and language modeling. Evaluation results on the Arabic KHATT dataset show that our proposed method outperforms the current state-of-the-art on Arabic handwritten text recognition task.
Open Genes — a new comprehensive database of human genes associated with aging and longevity
Authors: Rafikova Ekaterina , Nemirovich-Danchenko Nikolay , Ogmen Anna , Parfenenkova Anna , Velikanova Anastasiia , Tikhonov Stanislav , Peshkin Leonid , Rafikov Konstantin , Spiridonova Olga , Belova Yulia , Batin Mickhail 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Open Genes database is created to enhance and simplify the search for potential aging therapy targets. We collected data on 2402 genes associated with aging and developed convenient tools for searching and comparing gene features. We provided a comprehensive description for genes, such as lifespan-extending interventions, aging-related changes, longevity associations, gene evolution, associations with diseases and hallmarks of aging, and functions of gene products.
We provided detailed structured data for each experiment needed to evaluate the quality and interpret the study result. Our goal was to stay objective and precise while connecting a particular gene and human aging. We distinguished 6 types of studies and 12 criteria for adding genes to our database. Genes were classified according to the confidence level of the link between the gene and aging. All data collected in a database are provided both by API and user interface. The database is publicly available on a website https://open-genes.org/.
Surface Temperature above 100 °C under Solar Light through Intrinsic Selective Solar Absorbers
Authors: Vomiero Alberto , Taranova Anastasiia , Akbar Kamran , Yusupov Khabib , Polewczyk Vincent , Mauri Silvia , Rosen Johanna , Moras Paolo , Moretti Elisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The combination of the ability to absorb most of the solar radiation and simultaneously suppress infrared re-radiation allows selective solar absorbers to maximize solar energy to heat conversion, which is critical to several advanced applications1,2. The intrinsic spectral selective materials are rare in nature and only a few demonstrated complete solar absorption3. Typically, intrinsic materials exhibit high performances only when they are integrated as a component in multilayered complex solar absorbers, due to their limited spectral selectivity and solar absorption4. In this study, we propose CoSbx(2<x<3) as a new and highly efficient selective solar absorber. The low bandgap nature of CoSbx endows broadband solar absorption of 0.98 over the solar spectral range and simultaneous low emissivity (0.18) in the mid-infrared region. Here we report a high intrinsic spectral solar selectivity of 5.4 for the nanostructured narrow bandgap semiconductor CoSbx. Under 1 sun illumination, the heat concentrates on the surface of the thin film of CoSbx, and a high temperature of 101.7 °C is reached, demonstrating the highest value among reported selective solar absorbers. Furthermore, the CoSbx was tested for solar water evaporation achieving an evaporation rate of 1.4 kg∙m-2∙h-1. This study may broaden the application of narrow bandgap semiconductors for use as highly efficient intrinsic selective solar absorbers and high surface temperature usage under solar illumination.
Multiple Mini-Interviews is A Predictor of Students’ Academic Achievements in Early Undergraduate Medical Years: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alam Faiza , Chee Lim Ya , Chaw Li Ling , Idris Fazean , Kok Kenneth Yuh Yen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Our study determined Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) effectiveness in evaluating specific skill sets based on medical students’ performances during the undergraduate years and compared the academic performances of medical students who appeared for onsite/online MMI.
Methods
A retrospective study of 140 undergraduate medical students between 2016 and 2020 included data on age, gender, pre-university results, MMI scores, and examination results. Appropriate non-parametric tests were applied to compare the students’ MMI and academic performances.
Results
Ninety-eight students from cohorts 12 to 15 had an overall MMI score of 69.0(IQR: 65.0–73.2)/100 and an overall Cumulative Grade Point Average(GPA) of 3.64 (3.42–3.78)/5.0. Spearman’s correlation revealed a significantly positive relationship between MMI and cGPA (rho = 0.23) and GPA from the first 2 semesters (GPA1 rho = 0.25, GPA2 rho = 0.27). This observation was similar to that for station A in the first year (cGPA rho = 0.28, GPA1 rho = 0.34, GPA2 rho = 0.24), and in station B (GPA4 rho = 0.25) and D (GPA3 rho = 0.28, GPA4 rho = 0.24) in the second year. Of twenty-nine cohort16 students, 17(58.6%) underwent online and 12(41.4%) offline modes of MMI assessment, respectively. The overall median MMI score was 66.6(IQR: 58.6–71.6)/100, and the overall median cGPA was 3.45 (3.23–3.58)/5.0. When comparing the median marks of cohort16 groups, the online group scored significantly higher marks for station D than the offline group (p = 0.040).
Conclusion
Correspondence between MMI scores and cGPA predicted MMI scoring during student selection and entry process might ensure the success of their academic performance in medical school.
Effects of potassium management on enzyme activity and cotton fiber cellulose content
Authors: Echer Fabio Rafael , Perez Vinicius José Souza , Baltazar Giuliano Oliveira Carnevalli , Silva Gustavo Ricardo Aguiar , Moro Adriana Lima , Gorni Pedro Henrique , Rosolem Ciro Antonio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Potassium (K) is prone to be washed out of plant tissues independent of mineralization since it is not strongly bound to organic structures in the plant. Therefore, cover crops can enhance K cycling in cropping systems increasing the nutrient use efficiency by taking it up deep in the soil profile and releasing it on the soil surface. However, it is not clear if this cycling would have an effect on cotton morphophysiology, enzyme activity, and eventually on fiber quality.
Results
Cotton leaf area index was increased late in the season by K, with small differences between fertilized treatments, but was highest at full bloom when at least part of the K was applied to cotton Consequently, the enzymatic activity and accumulation of cellulose in the cotton fiber were also increased.
Conclusions
Potassium fertilization improves cotton physiological parameters such as leaf area index, but the effect on enzyme activity depends on the enzyme and on the cotton cultivar. Early cellulose accumulation in the fiber is favored by potassium fertilization and cotton rotation with ruzigrass.