bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying state‐of‐the‐art microscopy techniques to understand the degradation of copper for nuclear waste canisters
Authors: Persaud Suraj. Y. , Binns Wilfred J. , Guo Mengnan , Williams Desmond , Dong Qingshan , Arcuri Gabriel A. , Daub Kevin , Newman Roger C. , Daymond Mark R. , Keech Peter G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe metallurgy, mechanical properties, and corrosion of Cu, proposed as the corrosion barrier for Canadian used fuel containers (UFCs) for use in a deep geological repository (DGR), have been studied for decades. Bulk properties have been reported, and the knowledge applied to strengthen the performance of Cu produced by electrodeposition and cold spray. Despite this success, many degradation mechanisms are unclear from bulk testing, which cannot capture nanoscale phenomena driving degradation. This study provides examples using state‐of‐the‐art microscopy to understand mechanisms of Cu degradation, specifically for UFCs. Subtle changes in the electrodeposited Cu microstructure due to oxygen segregation are observed using atom probe tomography (APT). In aggressive sulfide‐containing environments, corrosion of the cold‐sprayed Cu occurs along particle–particle interfaces, likely inherent to the manufacturing process. Microscale tensile testing at particle–particle interfaces confirms brittle cracking in the cold‐sprayed Cu. Although experiments are not consistent with DGR conditions, results do warrant further study on the performance of the cold‐sprayed Cu in particular.
Geometric mean of probability measures and geodesics of Fisher information metric
Authors: Itoh Mitsuhiro , Satoh Hiroyasu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe space of all probability measures having positive density function on a connected compact smooth manifold M, denoted by , carries the Fisher information metric G. We define the geometric mean of probability measures by the aid of which we investigate information geometry of , equipped with G. We show that a geodesic segment joining arbitrary probability measures μ1 and μ2 is expressed by using the normalized geometric mean of its endpoints. As an application, we show that any two points of can be joined by a unique geodesic. Moreover, we prove that the function ℓ defined by , , , gives the Riemannian distance function on . It is shown that geodesics are all minimal.
Fish Assemblages in the Penobscot River: A Decade after Dam Removal
Authors: Whittum Kory A. , Zydlewski Joseph D. , Coghlan Stephen M. , Hayes Daniel B. , Watson Jonathan , Kiraly Ian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Penobscot River Restoration Project in Maine was a large river rehabilitation project that culminated in the removal of the two lowermost dams and improvements to fish passage on several remaining dams. Fish assemblages were surveyed for 3 years prior to rehabilitation, 3 years after rehabilitation, and 8 years after rehabilitation. Approximately 475 km of shoreline were sampled via boat electrofishing, yielding 133,394 individual fish of 41 species. The greatest shifts in assemblage structure occurred immediately after dam removal in formerly impounded sections, with an increased prevalence of riverine and migratory species. Long-term sampling documented changes within tributaries and tidally influenced river segments, where large schools of adult and young-of-the-year alosines increased in abundance. Upstream of the lowermost dam, the river remains dominated by lacustrine species, while adult anadromous fishes continue to be most abundant immediately downstream of the lowermost dam. Our results provide increased evidence that dam removals result in altered fish assemblages, which are now dominated by riverine and anadromous species in previously impounded habitats. Alosines in the Penobscot River have exhibited the greatest long-term response to river restoration efforts.
Association between venous thromboembolism rates and different prophylactic anticoagulation regimens in patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of the head and neck region
Authors: Saadoun Rakan , Bengur Fuat Baris , Moroni Elizabeth A. , Surucu Yusuf , Veit Johannes A. , Sadick Haneen , Smith Roy E. , Kubik Mark , Sridharan Shaum , Solari Mario G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundVenous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication after free tissue transfer to the head and neck (H&N). However, an optimal antithrombotic prophylaxis protocol is not defined in the literature. Enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily (BID) and heparin 5000 IU three times daily (TID) are among the most commonly used regimens for chemoprophylaxis. However, no studies compare these two agents in the H&N population.MethodsA cohort study of patients who underwent free tissue transfer to H&N from 2012 to 2021 and received either enoxaparin 30 mg BID or Heparin 5000 IU TID postoperatively. Postoperative VTE and hematoma events were recorded within 30 days of index surgery. The cohort was divided into two groups based on chemoprophylaxis. VTE and hematoma rates were compared between the groups.ResultsOut of 895 patients, 737 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age and Caprini score were 60.6 [SD 12.5] years and 6.5 [SD 1.7], respectively. 234 [31.88%] were female. VTE and hematoma rates among all patients were 4.47% and 5.56%, respectively. The mean Caprini score between the enoxaparin (n = 664) and heparin (n = 73) groups was not statistically significant (6.5 ± 1.7 vs.6.3 ± 1.3, p = 0.457). The VTE rate in the enoxaparin group was significantly lower than in the heparin group (3.9% vs. 9.6%; OR: 2.602, 95% CI: 1.087–6.225). Hematoma rates were similar between the two groups (5.5% vs. 5.6%; OR: 0.982, 95% CI: 0.339–2.838).ConclusionsEnoxaparin 30 mg BID was associated with a lower VTE rate while maintaining a similar hematoma rate compared to heparin 5000 units TID. This association may support the use of enoxaparin over heparin for VTE chemoprophylaxis in H&N reconstruction.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anthocyanins after Administration of Tart Cherry Juice to Individuals with Gout
Authors: Brunetti Luigi , Wang Lujing , Wassef Andrew , Gong Yongjia , Brinker Anita , Buckley Brian , Lipsky Peter E. , Ondar Patricia , Poiani George , Zhao Liping , Kong Ah‐Ng , Schlesinger Naomi 
Published: February 2023

ScopeTart cherries (TCs) contain high levels of anthocyanins that exert potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects and potentially benefit individuals with gout.Methods and resultsThis study aims to quantitate the major anthocyanins in TC Juice Concentrate (TCJC) and identify the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of the major anthocyanin cyanidin‐3‐glucosylrutinoside (C3GR). A PK‐PD study enrolling human subjects with a history of gout is performed. Subjects are randomized to receive either 60 or 120 mL of TCJC. Anthocyanins are quantitated using liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LCMS). Antioxidant and antiinflammatory mRNA expression is measured using real‐time qPCR before and after the administration of TCJC. A population PK model (popPK) is fit to the experimental data, and an indirect PD model (IDR) is constructed in Monolix.ConclusionOf the bioavailable anthocyanins, C3GR achieves the highest plasma concentration in a dose‐dependent manner. A popPK predicts anthocyanin exposure, and an IDR produces reasonable approximations of PD effects.
Scatter correction of 4D cone beam computed tomography to detect dosimetric effects due to anatomical changes in proton therapy for lung cancer
Authors: Schmitz Henning , Rabe Moritz , Janssens Guillaume , Rit Simon , Parodi Katia , Belka Claus , Kamp Florian , Landry Guillaume , Kurz Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of moving tumor entities is expected to have superior clinical outcomes, using image‐guided adaptive intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT).PurposeFor 21 lung cancer patients, IMPT dose calculations were performed on scatter‐corrected 4D cone beam CTs (4DCBCTcor) to evaluate their potential for triggering treatment adaptation. Additional dose calculations were performed on corresponding planning 4DCTs and day‐of‐treatment 4D virtual CTs (4DvCTs).MethodsA 4DCBCT correction workflow, previously validated on a phantom, generates 4DvCT (CT‐to‐CBCT deformable registration) and 4DCBCTcor images (projection‐based correction using 4DvCT as a prior) with 10 phase bins, using day‐of‐treatment free‐breathing CBCT projections and planning 4DCT images as input. Using a research planning system, robust IMPT plans administering eight fractions of 7.5 Gy were created on a free‐breathing planning CT (pCT) contoured by a physician. The internal target volume (ITV) was overridden with muscle tissue. Robustness settings for range and setup uncertainties were 3% and 6 mm, and a Monte Carlo dose engine was used. On every phase of planning 4DCT, day‐of‐treatment 4DvCT, and 4DCBCTcor, the dose was recalculated. For evaluation, image analysis as well as dose analysis were performed using mean error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) analysis, dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters, and 2%/2‐mm gamma pass rate analysis. Action levels (1.6% ITV D98 and 90% gamma pass rate) based on our previous phantom validation study were set to determine which patients had a loss of dosimetric coverage.ResultsQuality enhancements of 4DvCT and 4DCBCTcor over 4DCBCT were observed. ITV D98% and bronchi D2% had its largest agreement for 4DCBCTcor–4DvCT, and the largest gamma pass rates (>94%, median 98%) were found for 4DCBCTcor–4DvCT. Deviations were larger and gamma pass rates were smaller for 4DvCT–4DCT and 4DCBCTcor–4DCT. For five patients, deviations were larger than the action levels, suggesting substantial anatomical changes between pCT and CBCT projections acquisition.ConclusionsThis retrospective study shows the feasibility of daily proton dose calculation on 4DCBCTcor for lung tumor patients. The applied method is of clinical interest as it generates up‐to‐date in‐room images, accounting for breathing motion and anatomical changes. This information could be used to trigger replanning.
Incorporating handgrip strength examination into dietetic practice: A quality improvement project
Authors: Sandhu Rebekah , Lee Tao‐en (Henry) 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein‐energy malnutrition is both prevalent and costly within the inpatient rehabilitation population. Registered dietitians play a key role in identifying, diagnosing, and treating protein‐energy malnutrition. Handgrip strength has been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes, including malnutrition. Reduced handgrip strength is included as a criterion in national and international consensus guidelines of malnutrition diagnoses for functional changes. However, limited research and quality improvement projects have reported on its actual use in the clinical setting. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to (1) implement handgrip strength testing into dietitian care on three inpatient rehabilitation units to allow dietitians to identify and treat nutrition‐related muscle function losses and (2) evaluate the feasibility, clinical utility, and clinical impact of this project. This quality improvement educational intervention demonstrated that handgrip strength is feasible, does not impact dietitian efficiency, and is clinically useful. Dietitians reported three areas in which handgrip strength provided value: assessing nutrition status, motivating patients, and monitoring responses to nutrition interventions. Specifically, they were able to shift away from focusing solely on change in weight to focusing on functional ability and strength. Although outcome measures demonstrated favorable outcomes, the results must be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample and pre‐post uncontrolled design. Further high‐quality research is required to provide more in‐depth information on the utility and limitations of handgrip strength as an assessment, motivational, and monitoring tool for clinical dietetics.
Jitteriness/anxiety syndrome caused by coadministration of celecoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, with escitalopram and trazodone in a patient with depression and spondylolisthesis
Authors: Shirata Toshinori , Yano Shinji , Noto Keisuke , Kanno Muneaki , Suzuki Akihito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntidepressant‐induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome is characterized as anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia, and (hypo)mania, which appear immediately after initiation or increased dosage of an antidepressant. This report describes a case of the jitteriness/anxiety syndrome caused by the coadministration of celecoxib with escitalopram and trazodone in a patient with depression and spondylolisthesis. The depression of a patient, a woman in her 60 s, had been in remission at least for 5 years under treatment using escitalopram and trazodone. Immediately after coadministration of celecoxib because of her buttock and limb pain, she showed anxiety, agitation, akathisia, insomnia, irritability, aggressiveness, impulsivity, and hypomania. These symptoms disappeared after the discontinuation of celecoxib. The present case suggests that coadministration of celecoxib with escitalopram and trazodone can cause the jitteriness/anxiety syndrome, presumably via a pharmacokinetic interaction of celecoxib with these antidepressants and/or the effects of celecoxib on serotonergic neurotransmission.
Solvent‐induced proteome profiling for proteomic quantitation and target discovery of small molecular drugs
Authors: Yu Chengli , Chen Xiuzhen , Xu Weiwei , Li Simin , Chai Qian , Zhang Yinan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTarget identification by modification‐free proteomic approaches can potentially reveal the pharmacological mechanism of small molecular compounds. By combining the recent solvent‐induced protein precipitation (SIP) method with TMT‐labeling quantitative proteomics, we propose solvent‐induced proteome profiling (SIPP) approach to identify small molecule–protein interactions. The SIPP approach enables to depict denaturation curves of the target protein by varying concentrations of organic solvents to induce unfolding and precipitation of the cellular proteome. By using this approach, we have successfully identified the known targets of market drugs and natural products and extended the proteome information of SIP for target identification.
Analytical validation of a multi‐protein, serum‐based assay for disease activity assessments in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Qureshi Ferhan , Hu Wayne , Loh Louisa , Patel Hemali , DeGuzman Maria , Becich Michael , Rubio da Costa Fatima , Gehman Victor , Zhang Fujun , Foley John , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo characterize and analytically validate the MSDA Test, a multi‐protein, serum‐based biomarker assay developed using Olink® PEA methodology.Experimental designTwo lots of the MSDA Test panel were manufactured and subjected to a comprehensive analytical characterization and validation protocol to detect biomarkers present in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Biomarker concentrations were incorporated into a final algorithm used for calculating four Disease Pathway scores (Immunomodulation, Neuroinflammation, Myelin Biology, and Neuroaxonal Integrity) and an overall Disease Activity score.ResultsAnalytical characterization demonstrated that the multi‐protein panel satisfied the criteria necessary for a fit‐for‐purpose validation considering the assay's intended clinical use. This panel met acceptability criteria for 18 biomarkers included in the final algorithm out of 21 biomarkers evaluated. VCAN was omitted based on factors outside of analytical validation; COL4A1 and GH were excluded based on imprecision and diurnal variability, respectively. Performance of the four Disease Pathway and overall Disease Activity scores met the established acceptability criteria.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAnalytical validation of this multi‐protein, serum‐based assay is the first step in establishing its potential utility as a quantitative, minimally invasive, and scalable biomarker panel to enhance the standard of care for patients with MS.
Consensus of linear network systems diffusively coupled with exogenous disturbances: An ℋ∞ approach
Authors: John Younghun , Oh Kwang‐Kyo , Moore Kevin L. , Ahn Hyo‐Sung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the consensus control problem in multi‐agent systems under the influence of diffusively coupled disturbances. Two different types of systems are considered regarding the homogeneity of the disturbance coupling parameters. The main goal is to derive conditions that guarantee the prescribed performance of the designed control system on disturbance attenuation. To estimate the disturbance attenuation performance of the controller, the norm of the transfer function from the redefined disturbance vector to the disagreement vector is measured. Then the sufficient conditions for the system to achieve consensus within the desired performance are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). Numerical examples of both one‐ and multi‐dimensional consensus control systems are provided to check the validity of the derived LMI feasibility test along with the illustration of consensus behavior in time domain.
Mars powered descent phase guidance law based on reinforcement learning for collision avoidance
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zeng Tianyi , Guo Yanning , Ma Guangfu 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a reinforcement learning‐based guidance law for Mars powered descent phase, which is an effective online calculation method that handles the nonlinearity caused by the mass variation and avoids collisions. The reinforcement learning method is designed to solve the constrained nonlinear optimization problem by using a critic neural network. Specifically, to cope with the position constraint (i.e., glide‐slope constraint) and the thrust force limit constraint, a modified cost function is proposed, and the associated Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation is solved online without using an actor neural network, which significantly reduces the computational burden. The convergence of the critic neural network is proven. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Eastern red cedar effects on carbon sequestration and soil quality in the Great Plains
Authors: Sauer Thomas J. , Wacha Ken M. , Brevik Eric C. , Zamora Diomy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEastern red cedar (ERC, Juniperus virginiana L.) is a common tree species in agroforestry plantings and has great potential for bioenergy production due to physical and chemical characteristics of its biomass. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ERC plantings on carbon (C) sequestration and selected soil quality parameters in existing plantings across the northern U.S. Great Plains. Nine locations were selected in five states with mean annual precipitation (MAP) from 446 to 999 mm and mean annual temperature (MAT) from 4.4 to 10.0°C. Infiltration was measured using the twin ring technique at nine sites in each tree planting and adjacent field (crop, pasture, or hay) at each location. Following infiltration measurements, a 4.8 cm‐diameter soil core to 30 cm depth was collected from inside one infiltration ring of each pair for bulk density, pH, aggregate stability, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) analyses. Penetration resistance in 2.5 cm increments to 30 cm depth was measured in the other infiltration ring. SOC stocks under ERC were significantly higher than in the adjacent field soil at five of the locations and, for all locations, averaged 16.8% greater than in the adjacent field. The estimated SOC accumulation rate for the eight locations with uniform tree stand age averaged 0.30 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Most locations had higher TN and C/N and lower bulk density beneath ERC. Fewer differences for infiltration and penetration resistance and smaller and less consistent differences for pH and aggregate stability were observed. Tree aboveground C stocks were estimated to increase an average of 2.05 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Estimated tree aboveground biomass C and SOC stocks under ERC and in adjacent fields were strongly correlated with MAP. Potential ERC planting for C sequestration or bioenergy feedstock production is not likely to significantly degrade soil quality and may improve soil physical or chemical quality for locations in the US Great Plains.
Mapping spatial distribution of comm‐satellite's beam based on ground omni‐antennas
Authors: Ren Zixuan , Jin Jin , Li Wei , Zhan Yafeng 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe current satellite communications (SatComs) systems are composed of a large number of satellites, beams and terrestrial devices. Due to their multinode dynamic nature, the usage of frequency resources is variable, complex and difficult to characterize. In particular, with the development of satellite‐borne phased array antenna technology, SatCom beams carrying different frequencies are directionally and dynamically distributed in global scale. Mapping and locating the spatial beam distributions of communication satellite (comm‐satellite) are the bases of intersystem cofrequency interference mitigation and spatial frequency reuse. In this paper, we design a data selection–multiparameter fitting iteration (DS‐MFI) algorithm on the basis of ground‐based omnidirectional antennas. The proposed approach can effectively map the spatial distribution of comm‐satellite's beam, including satellite transmitter position, equal‐gain off‐axis angle, and beam pointing in azimuth and elevation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for satellites with fixed or steerable beams at different altitudes. Furthermore, the results become increasingly accurate as the dense of ground omni‐antenna increases.
Self‐Sacrificing Template Synthesis of Carbon Nanosheets Assembled Hollow Spheres with Abundant Active Fe–N4O1 Moieties for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ma Fei‐Xiang , Liu Zheng‐Qi , Zhang Guobin , Fan Hong‐Shuang , Du Yue , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom Fe–N–C (Fe1–N–C) materials represent the benchmarked electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, single Fe atoms in the carbon skeletons cannot be fully utilized due to the mass transfer limitation, severely restricting their intrinsic ORR properties. Herein, a self‐sacrificing template strategy is developed to fabricate ultrathin nanosheets assembled Fe1–N–C hollow microspheres (denoted as Fe1/N‐HCMs) by rational carbonization of Fe3+ chelating polydopamine coated melamine cyanuric acid complex. The shell of Fe1/N‐HCMs is constructed by ultrathin nanosheets with thickness of only 2 nm, which is supposed to be an ideal platform to isolate and fully expose single metal atoms. Benefiting from unique hierarchical hollow architecture with highly open porous structure, 2 nm‐thick ultrathin nanosheet subunits and abundant Fe–N4O1 active sites revealed by X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, the Fe1/N‐HCMs exhibit high ORR performance with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.88 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode and robust stability. When served as air‐cathode catalysts with ultralow loading mass of 0.25 mg cm−2, Fe1/N‐HCMs based Zn–air batteries present a maximum power density of 187 mW cm−2 and discharge specific capacity of 806 mA h gZn−1 in primary Zn–air batteries, all exceeding those of commercial Pt/C.