bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of beta-blockers on circadian heart rhythm using heart rate variability in ischemic heart disease with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Saleem Shiza , Khandoker Ahsan H. , Alkhodari Mohanad , Hadjileontiadis Leontios J. , Jelinek Herbert F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeart failure is characterized by sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal leading to an abnormal autonomic modulation. Beta-blockers (BB) inhibit overstimulation of the sympathetic system and are indicated in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, the effect of beta-blocker therapy on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. ECGs of 73 patients with HFpEF > 55% were recruited. There were 56 patients in the BB group and 17 patients in the without BB (NBB) group. The HRV analysis was performed for the 24-h period using a window size of 1,4 and 8-h. HRV measures between day and night for both the groups were also compared. Percentage change in the BB group relative to the NBB group was used as a measure of difference. RMSSD (13.27%), pNN50 (2.44%), HF power (44.25%) and LF power (13.53%) showed an increase in the BB group relative to the NBB group during the day and were statistically significant between the two groups for periods associated with high cardiac risk during the morning hours. LF:HF ratio showed a decrease of 3.59% during the day. The relative increase in vagal modulated RMSSD, pNN50 and HF power with a decrease in LF:HF ratio show an improvement in the parasympathetic tone and an overall decreased risk of a cardiac event especially during the morning hours that is characterized by a sympathetic surge.
High-resolution imaging enabled by 100-kW-peak-power parametric source at 5.7 THz
Authors: Kuo Cang-He , Wu Ming-Hsiung , Chen Chieh-Ru , Lin Yan-Jou , Laurell Fredrik , Huang Yen-Chieh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSimilar to x-ray imaging, THz imaging will require high power and high resolution to advance relevant applications. Previously demonstrated THz imaging usually experiences one or several difficulties in insufficient source power, poor spectral tunability, or limited resolution from a low-wavelength source. A short-wavelength radiation source in the 5–10 THz is relatively scarce. Although a shorter wavelength improves imaging resolution, widely used imaging sensors, such as microbolometers, Schottky diodes, and photoconductive antennas, are usually not sensitive to detect radiation with frequencies above 5 THz. The radiation power of a high-frequency source becomes a key factor to realize low-noise and high-resolution imaging by using an ordinary pyroelectric detector. Here, we report a successful development of a fully coherent, tunable, > 100-kW-peak-power parametric source at 5.7 THz. It is then used together with a low-cost pyroelectric detector for demonstrating high-resolution 5.7-THz imaging in comparison with 2-THz imaging. To take advantage of the wavelength tunability of the source, we also report spectrally resolved imaging between 5.55 and 5.87 THz to reveal the spectroscopic characteristics and spatial distribution of a test drug, Aprovel.
Effects of the Hubbard potential on the NMR shielding and optoelectronic properties of BiMnVO5 compound
Authors: Rahnamaye Aliabad H. A. , Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Amiri-Shookoh F. , Anwar Nadia , Bakhsh Sunila , Arellano-Ramírez Iván D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explores the nuclear magnetic shielding, chemical shifts, and the optoelectronic properties of the BiMnVO5 compound using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the generalized gradient approximation by employing the Hubbard model (GGA + U). The 209Bi and 51V chemical shifts and bandgap values of the BiMnVO5 compound in a triclinic crystal structure are found to be directly related to Hubbard potential. The relationship between the isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding σiso and chemical shift δiso is obtained with a slope of 1.0231 and − 0.00188 for 209Bi and 51V atoms, respectively. It is also observed that the bandgap, isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding, and chemical shifts increase with the change in Hubbard potentials (U) of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Reference values for low muscle mass and myosteatosis using tomographic muscle measurements in living kidney donors
Authors: Westenberg Lisa B. , Zorgdrager Marcel , Swaab Tim D. A. , van Londen Marco , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Viddeleer Alain R. , Pol Robert A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLow muscle mass and myosteatosis are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is an objective method for muscle mass and quality assessment; however consensus on cut-off values is lacking. This study assessed age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-specific reference values of skeletal muscle parameters and correlated muscle mass with 24-h urinary creatinine excretion (24-h UCE). In total, 960 healthy subjects were included in this study. Muscle mass and quality were determined using axial CT slices at the vertebral level L3. The muscle area was indexed for height (skeletal muscle index [SMI]). The mean age was 53 ± 11 years, and 50% were male. The SMI reference values for low muscle mass in males were 38.8 cm2/m2 (20–29 years), 39.2 (30–39 years), 39.9 (40–49 years), 39.0 (50–59 years), 37.0 (60–69 years), and 36.8 (70–79 years). For females, these reference values were 37.5 cm2/m2 (20–29 years), 35.5 (30–39 years), 32.8 (40–49 years), 33.2 (50–59 years), 31.2 (60–69 years), and 31.5 (70–79 years). 24-h UCE and SMI were significantly correlated (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) without bias between the two methods of assessing muscle mass. This study provides age-, sex-, and BMI-specific reference values for skeletal muscle parameters that will support clinical decision making.
A federated learning differential privacy algorithm for non-Gaussian heterogeneous data
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Wu Weisan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMulti-center heterogeneous data are a hot topic in federated learning. The data of clients and centers do not follow a normal distribution, posing significant challenges to learning. Based on the assumption that the client data have a multivariate skewed normal distribution, we improve the DP-Fed-mv-PPCA model. We use a Bayesian framework to construct prior distributions of local parameters and use expectation maximization and pseudo-Newton algorithms to obtain robust parameter estimates. Then, the clipping algorithm and differential privacy algorithm are used to solve the problem in which the model parameters do not have a display solution and achieve privacy guarantee. Furthermore, we verified the effectiveness of our model using synthetic and actual data from the Internet of vehicles.
Effects of type and distribution of clay minerals on the physico-chemical and geomechanical properties of engineered porous rocks
Authors: Iranfar Soha , Karbala Mohammad Mehdi , Shakiba Mahmood , Shahsavari Mohammad Hossein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of the properties of engineered rocks is of great importance to researchers in engineering sciences such as petroleum, mining, and civil engineering owing to their wide application in these fields. In the present study, a physico-chemical and geomechanical investigation was carried out on the effects of different clay minerals on porous rocks. Various chemical products formed during chemical interactions between cement, clay minerals, and water can change the pore structure and thus the rock characteristics. The results of the current study showed that increasing the clay content could remarkably reduce the porosity and permeability of the rock by an average of 86% and 6.76%, respectively. In this regard, samples containing kaolinite were further influenced due to their new pore structure. Moreover, a power relationship was found between sonic velocity and porosity, which can be used to predict rock properties. Chemical analysis indicated an amplification in quantities of chemical products, particularly calcium silicate hydrate and portlandite, due to an increase in clay content. The impacts of porosity and cementation quality as two main factors on rock strength have also been studied. The outcomes revealed that a reduction in porosity could compensate for detrimental effects of poor bond quality and consequently improved UCS by up to 30% in samples containing kaolinite, while decreasing the degree of cementation prevailed over the porosity reduction in specimens including illite and resulted in a 14% decrease in UCS. The effects of porosity and bond quality on UCS would cancel each other out in samples containing bentonite. It is worth noting that when it comes to changes in geomechanical characteristics, the dominant factor (i.e., porosity reduction or cementation quality) determines the ultimate effect of clay minerals on the properties of engineered porous rocks.
The effect of salt water ageing on the mechanical and rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Ahmad Khairi Muntaz Hana , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Khaidir Rahayu Emilia Mohamed , Nordin Nur Azmah , Johari Mohd Aidy Faizal , Abdul Aziz Siti Aishah , Shilan Salihah Tan , Choi Seung-Bok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the mechanical and rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) in marine ecosystems. The prepared samples comprised silicone rubber (SR) and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles (CIPs), immersed in an artificial marine ecosystem using salt water (Natrium Chloride) for 30 days. The mechanical properties of MRE samples were evaluated using hardness and quasi-static tensile tests. While the rheometer was used to investigate the rheological properties of their storage modulus condition with magnetic field stimulation. Further analysis of the defects and damages caused by salt water ageing was done through morphological observation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) technology. The results showed that the hardness and tensile strength of MRE samples that were soaked in salt water were affected over time. Lower values of hardness and tensile strength were obtained after 30 days due to the presence of Na+ and Cl−, which acted as an accelerator to the hydrolyzation process of the MRE. The process then, enhanced the water ingress capability into the matrix to cause the molecular changes. Interestingly, for rheological properties, 30 days of salt water ageing allowed the water molecules to move the MRE matrix molecular chains apart, a process known as plasticization and thus increasing the MR effect. Furthermore, morphological evidence was established to determine the MRE changes during salt water ageing. The research findings should greatly contribute to a better understanding of the effect of salt water on the performance of MRE.
Consequences of climate-induced range expansions on multiple ecosystem functions
Authors: Balik Jared A. , Greig Hamish S. , Taylor Brad W. , Wissinger Scott A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate-driven species range shifts and expansions are changing community composition, yet the functional consequences in natural systems are mostly unknown. By combining a 30-year survey of subalpine pond larval caddisfly assemblages with species-specific functional traits (nitrogen and phosphorus excretion, and detritus processing rates), we tested how three upslope range expansions affected species’ relative contributions to caddisfly-driven nutrient supply and detritus processing. A subdominant resident species (Ag. deflata) consistently made large relative contributions to caddisfly-driven nitrogen supply throughout all range expansions, thus “regulating” the caddisfly-driven nitrogen supply. Whereas, phosphorus supply and detritus processing were regulated by the dominant resident species (L. externus) until the third range expansion (by N. hostilis). Since the third range expansion, N. hostilis’s relative contribution to caddisfly-driven phosphorus supply increased, displacing L. externus’s role in regulating caddisfly-driven phosphorus supply. Meanwhile, detritus processing contributions became similar among the dominant resident, subdominant residents, and range expanding species. Total ecosystem process rates did not change throughout any of the range expansions. Thus, shifts in species’ relative functional roles may occur before shifts in total ecosystem process rates, and changes in species’ functional roles may stabilize processes in ecosystems undergoing change.
Microbiome-based enrichment pattern mining has enabled a deeper understanding of the biome–species–function relationship
Authors: Yang Pengshuo , Zhu Xue , Ning Kang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobes live in diverse habitats (i.e. biomes), yet their species and genes were biome-specific, forming enrichment patterns. These enrichment patterns have mirrored the biome–species–function relationship, which is shaped by ecological and evolutionary principles. However, a grand picture of these enrichment patterns, as well as the roles of external and internal factors in driving these enrichment patterns, remain largely unexamined. In this work, we have examined the enrichment patterns based on 1705 microbiome samples from four representative biomes (Engineered, Gut, Freshwater, and Soil). Moreover, an “enrichment sphere” model was constructed to elucidate the regulatory principles behind these patterns. The driving factors for this model were revealed based on two case studies: (1) The copper-resistance genes were enriched in Soil biomes, owing to the copper contamination and horizontal gene transfer. (2) The flagellum-related genes were enriched in the Freshwater biome, due to high fluidity and vertical gene accumulation. Furthermore, this enrichment sphere model has valuable applications, such as in biome identification for metagenome samples, and in guiding 3D structure modeling of proteins. In summary, the enrichment sphere model aims towards creating a bluebook of the biome–species–function relationships and be applied in many fields.
Optimizing multi-domain hematologic biomarkers and clinical features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar depression and bipolar depression
Authors: Zeng Jinkun , Zhang Yaoyun , Xiang Yutao , Liang Sugai , Xue Chuang , Zhang Junhang , Ran Ya , Cao Minne , Huang Fei , Huang Songfang , Deng Wei , Li Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of objective features for the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression, especially those that are readily available in practical settings. We investigated whether clinical features of disease course, biomarkers from complete blood count, and blood biochemical markers could accurately classify unipolar and bipolar depression using machine learning methods. This retrospective study included 1160 eligible patients (918 with unipolar depression and 242 with bipolar depression). Patient data were randomly split into training (85%) and open test (15%) sets 1000 times, and the average performance was reported. XGBoost achieved the optimal open-test performance using selected biomarkers and clinical features—AUC 0.889, sensitivity 0.831, specificity 0.839, and accuracy 0.863. The importance of features for differential diagnosis was measured using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. The most informative features include (1) clinical features of disease duration and age of onset, (2) biochemical markers of albumin, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and potassium, and (3) complete blood count-derived biomarkers of white blood cell count (WBC), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocytes (MONO). Overall, onset features and hematologic biomarkers appear to be reliable information that can be readily obtained in clinical settings to facilitate the differential diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depression.
Multi‐modal knowledge graph inference via media convergence and logic rule
Authors: Lin Feng , Li Dongmei , Zhang Wenbin , Shi Dongsheng , Jiao Yuanzhou , Chen Qianzhong , Lin Yiying , Zhu Wentao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMedia convergence works by processing information from different modalities and applying them to different domains. It is difficult for the conventional knowledge graph to utilise multi‐media features because the introduction of a large amount of information from other modalities reduces the effectiveness of representation learning and makes knowledge graph inference less effective. To address the issue, an inference method based on Media Convergence and Rule‐guided Joint Inference model (MCRJI) has been proposed. The authors not only converge multi‐media features of entities but also introduce logic rules to improve the accuracy and interpretability of link prediction. First, a multi‐headed self‐attention approach is used to obtain the attention of different media features of entities during semantic synthesis. Second, logic rules of different lengths are mined from knowledge graph to learn new entity representations. Finally, knowledge graph inference is performed based on representing entities that converge multi‐media features. Numerous experimental results show that MCRJI outperforms other advanced baselines in using multi‐media features and knowledge graph inference, demonstrating that MCRJI provides an excellent approach for knowledge graph inference with converged multi‐media features.
An adaptive vector control method for inverter‐based stand‐alone microgrids considering voltage reduction and load shedding schemes
Authors: Jha Sumit Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Tripathi Prabhat Ranjan , Appasani Bhargav , Zawbaa Hossam M. , Kamel Salah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe droop mechanism is widely utilized in a stand‐alone microgrid (MG) to regulate power‐sharing among distributed generators (DG). However, over the years, the droop phenomena are continually modified to lessen the deviation in voltage and frequency parameters caused due to classical droop. This study suggests computing the droop coefficient for voltage–current (V–I) droop to take into account for proportional power distribution among DGs. In grid utility networks, the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) strategy is widely used to curtail the use of energy. Hence, this paper investigates the CVR's performance for stand‐alone MG by performing the adaptive vector control scheme in the two‐phase d–q reference frame. In addition to it, the paper is intended to develop a coordinated control strategy for stand‐alone MG involving classical P–f droop and self‐sustained V–I droop employed to perform the function of CVR during peak demand and overloading conditions. Further, a load‐shedding control approach is also considered to cut out some segments of load during overloading conditions to operate the MG in the stable zone. The validation of the proposed strategy is conducted on MATLAB/Simulink software.
Ultra‐low line sensitivity and high PSRR sub‐threshold CMOS voltage reference
Authors: Rashtian Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a nanowatt CMOS voltage reference (VR) with ultra‐low line sensitivity (LS) and high‐power supply ripple rejection (PSRR). The proposed VR consists of two simple nanowatt two‐transistor (2T) VRs. Two current mirrors are associated with these VRs. The outputs of the current mirrors have different magnitudes but the same power supply dependence slope. For this purpose, the primary 2T VR has been designed with long‐channel MOSFETs, while the secondary VR utilizes medium‐channel length transistors. Low dependence on the power supply variations is achieved by subtracting these two currents, whereas the subtracted current is almost independent of the power supply. The temperature coefficient (TC) minimization is achieved separately by adjusting the transistor sizes of the primary VR. Post‐layout simulation is performed using 0.18 µm standard CMOS technology, which shows a nominal output voltage of 0.15 V, obtaining an average TC of 21.4 ppm/°C over a temperature range of 0–120°C. It achieves an excellent line sensitivity of 0.0039%/V when the supply voltage varies from 0.4 to 2 V. The dc PSRR values at 0.4 and 1 V of supply voltage are −80.1 and ‐114.2 dB, respectively at room temperature.
Particle-in-cell modelling of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Gunell Herbert , Goetz Charlotte 
Published: April 2023

Context.Sufficiently far from the Sun, all comets go through a phase of low activity. Rosetta observations at large heliocentric distances of approximately 3 au showed that the plasma at a low-activity comet is affected by both steady state electric fields and low-frequency waves.Aims.Our goal is to provide a model for the electric fields in the inner coma at a low-activity comet and to simulate waves and field structures farther away from the nucleus.Methods.We compare analytical models for the convective, ambipolar, and polarisation electric fields to the results of an electrostatic particle-in-cell simulation of a scaled-down low-activity comet.Results.We find good agreement between the steady state field model and the simulation results close to the nucleus. At larger cometocentric distances, waves dominate the electric field. These waves are interpreted as the scaled-down electrostatic limit of the previously observed singing comet waves. The comet ion density is not spherically symmetric.Conclusions.Low-activity comets can be modelled using electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations of a scaled-down system. Outside the innermost part of the coma (r≳ 40 km), the plasma is not spherically symmetric and the electric field is dominated by waves.
Photospheric signatures of retraction and reconnection in realistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Thaler I. , Borrero J. M. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Magnetic flux emergence and cancelling in the quiet Sun is a frequently observed phenomenon. The two possible physical flux-removal mechanisms involved in this cancelling process are retraction and reconnection.
Aims. We seek to find distinct observational signatures characterising retraction and reconnection.
Methods. We carried out three-dimensional non-grey radiative magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of convection near the solar surface and the solar photosphere using the STAGGER code, and employing different initial conditions: (1) mixed-polarity simulations with alternating horizontal stripes of opposite vertical magnetic field and separated by a zero field stripe, and (2) flux emergence simulations with continuous injection of magnetic flux from the lower boundary. These initial conditions are meant to represent two different situations in the solar photosphere, namely magnetic flux cancelling in the absence or presence of magnetic flux emergence, respectively.
Results. We analyse the observational signatures of magnetic flux-removal processes for flux emergence as well as for mixed-polarity MHD simulations. In the flux emergence simulation, we are able to identify ubiquitous reconnection events anywhere from the solar surface to the upper photosphere. For a few of those reconnection events, we can identify supersonic upflow velocities in the upper photosphere as well as strong temperature enhancements. We also see strong electric currents very close to the locations where reconnection takes place, as well as supersonic horizontal velocities leading to sideways plasma compression. In the mixed-polarity simulations, we only detect observational signatures of magnetic field retraction related to large downflow velocities that appear in between regions where opposing horizontal velocities converge. These horizontal velocities are often supersonic, leading to heating due to shock dissipation. We do not see clear signatures of magnetic reconnection in these mixed-polarity simulations.
Conclusions. We suggest that, in the emerging flux regions of the quiet Sun, the main flux-removal process is reconnection, while in regions without flux emergence, retraction is the dominant flux-removal process.