bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and prediction of ecological environment of Karst World Heritage Sites based on Google Earth Engine : A case study of Libo-Huanjiang Karst
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Juan , Xiao Hua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The results show that: (1) the contribution rate of the four ecological indicators on the first principal component (PC1) is more than 90%. The construction of RSEI based on PC1 is applicable in Karst World Nature Heritage Sites (WNHS) and can be used to monitor and evaluate the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of ecological environment. (2) The mean values of RSEI of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site during 2000, 2007, 2013 and 2020 were 0.5435, 0.5465, 0.6009 and 0.5101, The overall ecological quality is mainly moderate and good, but in the eastern part of the heritage site the ecological quality is poor. (3) The evolution of ecological environment quality during the 20 years is mainly divided into the development trend of rapidly getting better, slowly getting better, and maintaining stability. (4) In the analysis of the relationship between RSEI and altitude, it is found that the ecological environment quality is mainly inferior, less favourable and moderate in areas with altitudes below 600m, and there is a positive relationship between ecological quality level and altitude. (5) By analyzing the ,apparent spatial aggregation between ecological environment quality, and then simulating the ecological grades in 2027 and 2033 using CA-Markov model, it is predicted that the area of medium and excellent ecological grades will increase in the future, but the ecological environment quality still needs to be improved in the eastern region due to the development of tourism industry. Overall, the remote sensing ecological index is an effective model for evaluating and monitoring the ecological environment quality of karst heritage sites; the ecological environment quality of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site is in a steady state of improvement, and the conservation measures of relevant departments are beginning to bear fruit; further coordination between conservation and development is needed to promote the sustainable development of heritage sites and to provide effective solutions for monitoring other karst-like heritage sites.
Exfoliablity, magnetism, energy storage and stability of metal thiophosphate nanosheets made in liquid medium
Authors: Synnatschke Kevin , van Dinter Jonas , Müller Alina , Tiede David , Spillecke Lena , Shao Shouqi , Kelly Daniel , Konecny Jan , Konkena Bharathi , McCrystall Mark , Saigal Nihit , Wurstbauer Ursula , Bensch Wolfgang , Sofer Zdeněk , Coleman Jonathan N , Klingeler Rüdiger , Haigh Sarah J , Backes Claudia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The family of antiferromagnetic layered metal hexathiohypo diphosphates, M2P2S6 represents a versatile class of materials, particularly interesting for fundamental studies on magnetic properties in low dimensional structures, and yet exhibiting great potential for a broad variety of applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, and spintronics. In this work, three representatives of this family of 2D materials (M = Fe, Ni, and Mn) are exfoliated in the liquid phase under inert conditions and the nanosheet’s properties are studied in detail for different sizes of all three compounds. Centrifugation-based size selection is performed for this purpose. The exfoliability and structural integrity of the nanosheets is studied by statistical atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Further, we report size and thickness dependent optical properties and spectroscopic metrics for the average material dimensions in dispersion, as well as the nanomaterials’ magnetic response using a combination of cryo-Raman and superconducting quantum interference device measurements. Finally, the material stability is studied semi-quantitatively, using time and temperature dependent extinction and absorbance spectroscopy, enabling the determination of the materials’ half-life, portion of reacted substance and the macroscopic activation energy for the degradation.
Multi-response optimization of magnetic abrasive finishing for AZ-31 alloy using RSM-GRA approach
Authors: Babbar Rajesh , Misra Aviral 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A magnetic abrasive finishing is a non-traditional technology utilizes a flexible magnetic abrasive brush comprises of magnetic abrasive particles under the influence of the magnetic field to perform nano-finishing. The material removal (MR) and percentage change in surface roughness (%∆R

a
) are responses governing the efficiency of the finishing process. But, a high material removal during the finishing operation leads to the loss in form/shape of the finished surface. A compromise has to be made considering the two responses for an optimized finishing operation. In this work, a multi-response optimization was executed using grey relation analysis (GRA). The objective functions considered are to maximize %∆R

a
and minimize MR. The experiments were designed and conducted using response surface methodology. The workpiece material was taken as AZ-31 alloy. The optimized conditions observed were %∆R

a
as 67.43% and MR as 63 mg at the working gap of 2 mm, rotational speed of 600 rpm, voltage of 18 volts and abrasive particle mesh number of 400 mesh. The GRA also reveals that the working gap has the strongest influence on the finishing considering both responses concurrently. The ANOVA analysis was also executed to analyze the significant interaction effects of process parameters on output responses.
Liberty, Equality, Slavery
Authors: Clay Lauren R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
During the winter of 1789–90, contemporaries in Paris observed intense controversy over the future of the lucrative colonial slave trade. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, in proclaiming all men free and equal, raised questions about the legality of slaving. Both the abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks and proslavery commercial lobbyists representing France’s chambers of commerce, influenced by developments in Britain and the United States, sought to force the slave trade onto the legislative agenda. Countering a consensus that the French revolutionaries never confronted the problem of the slave trade, this essay looks beyond the floor of the National Constituent Assembly to reveal the high-stakes debates that played out largely shielded from public view: in correspondence, in legislative committees, in the Jacobin Club, and in private meetings. This contest served as a proving ground for France’s new representative government and an engine for political innovation, engaging a broad cast of nonelected political actors in the process of lawmaking. Faced with the threat of bankruptcy, revolutionaries voted overwhelmingly to reconcile liberty, equality, and slavery, establishing precedents for future regimes.
Loneliness—a clinical primer
Authors: Lederman Zohar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionloneliness is prevalent worldwide. It is also associated with an increased risk for depression, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke and early death. As such, loneliness is a major public health issue. This paper summarizes the salient points clinicians should know and encourages clinicians to assume an active part in the identification, mitigation and prevention of loneliness.Sources of datawhite papers, academic publications.Areas of agreementloneliness is a distressful subjective experience, which does not always correlate with social isolation. Both internal (personal) and external (contextual, societal) factors determine whether an individual would feel lonely in a given situation.Areas of controversyidentifying loneliness in the clinic may be time consuming and challenging. There is a scarce robust evidence to support interventions.Growing pointsdue to increased individualization and incidence of infectious diseases, loneliness is likely to become even more prevalent.Areas timely for developing researchmore research is needed to further elucidate the health impacts of loneliness as well as to find evidence-based interventions to prevent and mitigate loneliness that could then be implemented by policy-makers and clinicians.
Four Kinds of Polymer Microspheres Prepared by the Seed Swelling Method Used to Purify the Industrial Production of Phytol
Authors: Liu Shixiang , Fang Zhipeng , Li Yanan , Kang Linlin , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing , Yu Bing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Four monodisperse porous polymer microspheres were successfully prepared by seed emulsion polymerization and used as stationary phases for HPLC and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC). All four polymer microspheres(polystyrene–polystyrene (PS-PS), polystyrene-poly(glycidyl methylate) (PS-PGMA), polystyrene-poly(methyl methylate) and poly(glycidyl methylate)–poly(glycidyl methylate) were used for filling HPLC empty columns. According to the analysis results of the HPLC column, PS-PS and PS-PGMA microspheres were screened out as the stationary phase of Prep-HPLC. The industrial-grade phytol was successfully separated and purified, and the purity of the final phytol was as high as 99%. The two types of polymer microspheres have been applied to industrial-grade phytol purification and have been used in factories.
Collective decision-making and spatial patterns in orientation of an endemic ungulate on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Xueting , Wang Xu , Zhao Yumeng , Zhu Qin , Yang Le , Li Zhongqiu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization, polarization, and collective intelligence. Though many collective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects and fish, research on large animals is still rare due to the limited availability of field collective data. We used drones to record videos and analyzed the decision-making and behavioral spatial patterns in orientation of Kiang (Tibetan wild ass, Equus kiang). Leadership is unevenly distributed among Kiang, with the minority initiating majority behavior-shift decisions. Decisions of individual to join are driven by imitation between group members, and are largely dependent on the number of members who have already joined. Kiang respond to the behavior and position of neighbors through different strategies. They strongly polarize when moving, therefore adopting a linear alignment. When vigilant, orientation deviation increases as they form a tighter group. They remain scattered while feeding and, in that context, adopt a side-by-side alignment. This study reveals partially-shared decision-making among Kiang, whereby copying neighbors provides the wisdom to thrive in harsh conditions. This study also suggests that animals’ spatial patterns in orientation depend largely on their behavioral states in achieving synchronization.
Life’s Essential 8 and the risk of cardiovascular disease death and all-cause mortality in Finnish men
Authors: Isiozor Nzechukwu M , Kunutsor Setor K , Voutilainen Ari , Laukkanen Jari A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the study was to examine the association between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Methods and results
The LE8 was computed for 1662 men, aged 42–60 years, without pre-existing history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease study. The LE8 factors include diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids. Each LE8 factor was scored between 0 and 100 points. The summation of all points generated the total LE8 score, which was categorized into quartiles ≤−420, &gt;420–485, &gt;485–550, and &gt;550. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of LE8 scores for the outcomes. During a median follow-up of 30 years, 402 and 987 men died from CVD and any cause, respectively. The total LE8 score among participants ranged from 185 to 750. The higher the LE8 scores, the lower the risk of dying from CVD and all-cause. Following adjustment for age, alcohol consumption, and socio-economic status, every 50-unit increase in LE8 score was associated with 17% and 14% lower risk of CVD and all-cause deaths, respectively. Men within LE8 top quartile had 60% lower risk of CVD mortality when compared with those within the bottom quartile.

Conclusion
Life’s Essential 8 was strongly and inversely associated with the risk of CVD death and all-cause mortality among ageing men. Measures that promote optimal LE8 scores should be encouraged among the general population.
Associations of smoking with early- and late-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Hengjing , Chen Xuechen , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger adults is increasing in many countries. Smoking is an established risk factor of CRC risk, but evidence on its impact on early-onset CRC (EOCRC) risk is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of smoking exposure with EOCRC and compare it with late-onset CRC (LOCRC).MethodsSmoking history and other known or suspected CRC risk factors were ascertained in detail in personal interviews among 6264 CRC patients and 6866 controls (frequency matched for age, sex, and county of residence) who were recruited in 2003-2020 in the DACHS study (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening [German]; Colorectal Cancer: Chances for Prevention Through Screening [English]), a population-based case-control study from Germany. Associations of smoking with EOCRC (&lt;55 years, 724 cases, 787 controls) and LOCRC (≥55years, 5540 cases, 6079 controls) were estimated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsSmoking exposure was much higher among EOCRC cases than among controls, and strong associations of smoking were observed for both EOCRC and LOCR. Adjusted odds ratios for EOCRC and LOCRC were as follows: current smoking: 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 2.04, P &lt; .001) and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.28 to 1.67, P &lt; .001); former smoking: 1.39 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.81, P = .01) and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.36, P &lt; .001); per 10 pack-years: 1.15 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.27, P &lt; .001) and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.08, P &lt; .001). These patterns were similar for colon and rectum cancer and for early- and late-stage CRC.ConclusionSmoking is a strong risk factor for both EOCRC and LOCRC.
The effect of cancer exemption in mandatory-access prescription drug monitoring programs among oncologists
Authors: Graetz Ilana , Hu Xin , Ji Xu , Wetzel Martha , Yarbrough Courtney R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo address the opioid epidemic, some states mandate that prescribers review a state-run prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) database before prescribing opioids. We used Medicare Part D prescriber data from 2013 (baseline) to 2019 to examine the association between state mandatory-access PDMPs, with and without a cancer exemption, and changes in the percent of oncologists’ patients with any opioid fill per year, stratified by oncologists’ baseline prescribing volume. Among 9746 medical or hematologic oncologists, the proportion of patients prescribed opioids declined after states implemented mandatory-access PDMPs without a cancer exemption overall (−0.49 percentage point, 95% confidence interval = −0.78 to −0.20 percentage point) and among those with above-median baseline prescribing, but not in states with a cancer exemption (−0.16 percentage point, 95% confidence interval = −0.50 to 0.18 percentage point) or with below-median baseline prescribing. Carefully designed mandatory-access PDMPs with cancer exemptions minimize unnecessary reductions in prescription opioid treatments among oncology patients in need of pain management.
Bladder perforation as a rare complication of urethra sounding with a blunt marking pen
Authors: Reztsova Mariya , Chien Kevin S , Post Kendall T , Canales Alexander , Yokota Shinichiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Urethral sounding is the insertion of an object or liquid into the urethra for sexual gratification. It is associated with a substantial risk of loss of the foreign body in the bladder, urethral strictures or infection. Bladder perforation is a rare complication of urethral sounding which is usually associated with a sharp object. Here, we present the case of a young adult female presenting with abdominal pain after practicing urethral sounding with a blunt marking pen. She was found to have an intraperitoneal bladder perforation, requiring exploratory laparotomy and bladder repair.
Initial state of the recombining plasma in supernova remnant W 28
Authors: Himono Rui , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Yamauchi Shigeo , Nobukawa Kumiko K , Suzuki Nari 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We have investigated supernova remnant (SNR) W 28 using Suzaku archival data, and we report here the results of our spatially resolved analyses. We carried out spectral analyses using a recombining-plasma (RP) model with element-dependent initial ionization temperatures, obtaining ∼0.5 keV for Ne, ∼0.7 keV for Mg, ∼1.0 keV for Si, ∼1.2 keV for S, ∼1.4 keV for Ar, ∼1.7 keV for Ca, and ∼0.7 keV for Fe in the initial RP phase. In addition to the north-east regions where RPs have been reported previously, we find that the ionization temperatures in the south-east and south-west regions exhibit trends that are similar to those in the central region in the initial RP phase. We also find that the time elapsed from the initial phase of the RP to the present is shorter in the central region, ∼300 yr, and longer in the outside regions, ∼103–104 yr. Our results cannot be explained by simple scenarios involving thermal conduction into molecular clouds or by adiabatic cooling (due to rarefaction), indicating that more complex mechanisms or other scenarios are required. We also estimate the ejecta mass to be ≳14 M⊙, which indicates that this SNR was produced by a massive star.
Hatemongers ride on echo chambers to escalate hate speech diffusion
Authors: Goel Vasu , Sahnan Dhruv , Dutta Subhabrata , Bandhakavi Anil , Chakraborty Tanmoy 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a swelling rise of hateful and abusive content over online social networks. While detection and moderation of hate speech have been the early go-to countermeasures, the solution requires a deeper exploration of the dynamics of hate generation and propagation. We analyze more than 32 million posts from over 6.8 million users across three popular online social networks to investigate the interrelations between hateful behavior, information dissemination, and polarized organization mediated by echo chambers. We find that hatemongers play a more crucial role in governing the spread of information compared to singled-out hateful content. This observation holds for both the growth of information cascades as well as the conglomeration of hateful actors. Dissection of the core-wise distribution of these networks points towards the fact that hateful users acquire a more well-connected position in the social network and often flock together to build up information cascades. We observe that this cohesion is far from mere organized behavior; instead, in these networks, hatemongers dominate the echo chambers—groups of users actively align themselves to specific ideological positions. The observed dominance of hateful users to inflate information cascades is primarily via user interactions amplified within these echo chambers. We conclude our study with a cautionary note that popularity-based recommendation of content is susceptible to be exploited by hatemongers given their potential to escalate content popularity via echo-chambered interactions.
A model of pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone dark matter from a softly brokenSU(2) global symmetry with aU(1) gauge symmetry
Authors: Abe Tomohiro , Hamada Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA model of the pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone (pNG) dark matter (DM) is proposed. We assume that there is an SU(2)g global symmetry and a U(1)X gauge symmetry in the dark sector, and they are spontaneously broken into a U(1)D global symmetry after a scalar field develops a vacuum expectation value. We add a soft symmetry-breaking term that breaks the SU(2)g global symmetry into the U(1)g global symmetry explicitly. Our model predicts a stable complex pNG particle under the U(1)D global symmetry. One of the virtues of the pNG DM models is that the models can explain the current null results of the direct detection experiments. The small momentum transfer suppresses the scattering amplitudes thanks to the low-energy behavior of the Nambu–Goldstone boson. In our model, the soft symmetry-breaking term is uniquely determined. This is the advantage of our model compared to some earlier works in which some soft symmetry-breaking terms cannot be forbidden but are simply assumed to be absent to avoid the constraints from the direct detection experiments. We calculate the thermal relic abundance of the pNG DM and find that the model can explain the measured value of the DM energy density under some constraints from perturbative unitarity.
Evaluating the efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with moderate rheumatoid arthritis: a post-hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trials
Authors: Conaghan Philip G , Pavelka Karel , Hsieh Song-Chou , Bonnington Terri-Leigh , Kent Toby C , Marchbank Katie , Edwards Christopher J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Moderately active RA is associated with poor patient outcomes. Despite this, some health systems have restricted access to advanced therapies to those with severe RA. There is also limited evidence of the efficacy of advanced therapies in the moderately active RA population. This post-hoc analysis from four phase 3 trials explored the efficacy of upadacitinib (UPA) for moderately active RA.

Methods
Patients included in this analysis received UPA 15 mg once daily [monotherapy after switching from MTX or in combination with stable background conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs)] or placebo. Clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes were analysed separately for patients with moderate disease activity {28-joint count DAS using CRP [DAS28(CRP)] of &gt;3.2 and ≤5.1} and severe disease activity [DAS28(CRP) &gt;5.1].

Results
Patients with moderate disease activity who received UPA 15 mg (combination or monotherapy) after an inadequate response to biologic DMARDs and/or csDMARDs were significantly more likely to achieve a 20% improvement in the ACR response criteria, low disease activity status [DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2] or clinical remission [DAS28(CRP) &lt; 2.6] by week 12/14 vs placebo. Statistically significant improvements in patient-reported functioning and pain from baseline were observed for UPA 15 mg vs placebo at week 12/14. Radiographic progression was also significantly reduced at week 26 compared with placebo. Similar improvements were observed for severe disease.

Conclusion
This analysis provides support for the use of UPA for the treatment of patients with moderate RA.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: SELECT-NEXT: NCT02675426; SELECT-COMPARE: NCT02629159; SELECT-MONOTHERAPY: NCT02706951; SELECT-BEYOND: NCT02706847.