bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors lead to delay Management of Breast Cancer among Female Patients Under Therapy in Hadhramout Oncology Center-Mukalla 2021-2022
Authors: Alhanshi Abdulla , bamatraf Laila 
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy tumors among women. Without treatment, a malignant breast tumor advances in stage, diminishing a woman’s chances of survival, Advanced breast cancer presentation remains a large obstacle in lowering mortality rates in low- and middle-resource countries. This study aims to explore the reasons that cause women present with breast cancer at an advanced stage. in Hadhramout Oncology center in Al -Mukalla city, Yemen.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional design, eighty–eight patients were selected from admitted patient's to clinics in Hadhramout oncology center-Mukalla. Data was collected from 7th February to 10th August 2022, Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire.
Results: The results of the present study revealed that majority of participants 73 (83%) were between 31 and 60 years of age. More than half of them 50 (56.8%) are educated while a great majority 83 (94.3%) are housewives. Most presenting symptom is the presence of painless lump in the breast with more than half of the entire sample involved in the research equal 53 (60.2%). Presence of the ulcer over the breast was the less presenting symptom in this study (11.4%) of all cases involved.
There's significant relation between education and place of living (Urban-Rural area) and use of traditional treatment (P-value=<0.05). There's no significant relation between disease stage and level of education (with P-value=.576), socioeconomic statue (with P-value=.133). Finally, there's no significant relation between socioeconomic status and disease stage with (P-value=.133).
Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that most participants has positive perspective toward factors that lead to delayed management. The ministry of public health recommended to establish more cancer centers to facilitate early detection and treatment for patients, increase number of media campaigns concerned with awareness-raising and early screening method and improve the health workers proficiency in early detection of breast cancer.
Characterizing Temporal Heterogeneity by Quantifying Nanoscale Fluctuations in Amorphous Fe‐Ge Magnetic Films
Authors: Singh Arnab , Hollingworth Emily , Morley Sophie A. , Chen Xiaoqian M. , Saleheen Ahmad Us , Tumbleson Ryan , McCarter Margaret R. , Fischer Peter , Hellman Frances , Kevan Steve D. , Roy Sujoy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEquilibrium phase transitions are influenced by fluctuations and often discussed within the framework of the Gibbs free energy, wherein the exchange of energy between system and thermal bath is stationary and all regions of the sample exhibit the same phase. Presence of spatial heterogeneity in the magnetic structures such as pinning centers, domain walls, topological defects, etc. may cause temporal heterogeneity that modifies the nature of the magnetic phase transition. This study reports that interplay of nanoscale thermodynamics with spatio‐temporal heterogeneity gives rise to complex phase transition pathways in amorphous FexGe1‐x thin films with temperature and Fe‐concentration (x). Coherent resonant soft X‐ray scattering experiments that have simultaneous spatial, temporal, and spectral sensitivity show that the origin of helical to paramagnetic phase transition in amorphous Fe‐Ge thin films lies in the appearance of enhanced‐fluctuation spots deep inside the ordered state. The fluctuations are heterogeneous, starting over a small fraction of the domains that increases and becomes isotropic over the entire film as the temperature increases or the Fe‐concentration decreases. The fluctuating‐fraction, when normalized to magnetization for different Fe‐concentrations, follows a single power law behavior, suggesting that the nature of the transition can be described in terms of the underlying spatio‐temporal fluctuations.
Organic‐Carbon Core–Shell Structure Promotes Cathode Performance for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Fei , Tang Wu , Wang Shuchan , Guo Meichen , Deng Wenwen , Hu Jiahui , Jia Shan , Fan Cong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe organic‐carbon core‐shell structure is constructed for the cathode material of [N,N'‐bis(2‐anthraquinone)]‐perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxydiimide (PTCDI‐DAQ, 200 mAh g−1) through an interesting strategy called the surface self‐carbonization. As expected, the organic‐carbon core–shell structure (PTCDI‐DAQ@C) can endow PTCDI‐DAQ the outstanding cathode performance in Na‐ion batteries. In half cells using 1 m NaPF6/DME, PTCDI‐DAQ@C can maintain 173 mAh g−1 for nearly one year, while PTCDI‐DAQ quickly decreases from 203 to 121 mAh g−1 only after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, the constructed Na‐ion full cells with the Na‐intercalated hard carbon anode can deliver the peak discharge capacity of 195 mAh g−1cathode and the high median voltage of 1.7 V in 0.9–3.2 V, corresponding to the peak energy densities of 332 Wh kg−1cathode and 184 Wh kg−1total mass, respectively. Notably, the electrode materials only include the very cheap elements of C, H, O, N, and Na. Furthermore, the Na‐ion full cells can also show the very impressive high‐temperature (197 mAh g−1cathode at 50 °C) and subzero (185/90 mAh g−1cathode at −10/−40 °C) performances, respectively. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the comprehensive properties of the Na‐ion full cells are the best results based on organic cathodes.
An Artificial Motion and Tactile Receptor Constructed by Hyperelastic Double Physically Cross‐Linked Silk Fibroin Ionoelastomer
Authors: Cao Leitao , Ye Chao , Zhang Hao , Yang Shuo , Shan Yicheng , Lv Zhuochen , Ren Jing , Ling Shengjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIonotronic artificial motion and tactile receptor (i‐AMTR) is essential to realize an interactive human‐machine interface. However, an i‐AMTR that effectively mimics the composition, structure, mechanics, and multi‐functionality of human skin, called humanoid i‐AMTR, is yet to be developed. To bridge this technological gap, this study proposes a strategy that combines molecular structure design and function integration to construct a humanoid i‐AMTR. Herein, a silk fibroin ionoelastomer (SFIE) with double cross‐linked molecular structure is designed to mimic the composition and structure of human skin, thereby resolving the conflict of stretchability, softness, and resilience, suffered by many previously reported ionotronics. Functionally, electromechanical sensing and triboelectricity‐based tactile perception are integrated into SFIE, to enable simultaneous perception of both motion and tactile inputs. By further leveraging the machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) techniques, the proposed SFIE‐based humanoid i‐AMTR precisely senses the movement of human body and accurately sortball objects made of different materials. Notably, the success rate for 610 sorting tests reaches as high as 92.3%. These promising results essentially demonstrate a massive potential of humanoid i‐AMTR in the fields of sorting robots, rehabilitation medicine, and augmented reality.
Carnauba Wax‐Assisted Preparation of Eco‐Friendly Aerogels by the Ambient Pressure Drying Method and their Applications for Photothermal Evaporation and Dye Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ren Lin , Dong Yaohua , Dong Lihua , Liu Tao , Tan Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, a new, eco‐friendly, and efficient method to prepare aerogels using nonchemically cross‐linked agar gels is described. This new process could eventually facilitate the rapid, continuous, and large‐scale production of porous and lightweight materials, as it does not require freeze‐drying, supercritical drying, or environmentally harmful crosslinking chemicals. The reported preparation process relies entirely on targeted freezing, solvent exchange, and the ambient pressure drying of agar gels. The obtained results revealed that biomass aerogels with good shapes can be obtained by simple directional freezing and that the introduction of carnauba wax solutes can maintain a highly porous structure throughout the process. The directionally grown anisotropic gels with excellent void space, anisotropic thermal conductivity, and excellent mechanical compression properties demonstrate immense potential for water treatment, controlled release of active compounds, thermal insulation, and catalysis. PDA‐loaded aerogels exhibit excellent performance for photothermal evaporation and dye wastewater treatment, with high evaporation rates and photothermal efficiencies of 2.83 kg m−2 h−1 and 92.27%, respectively, and a dye removal efficiency of 94.5%. Hence, these aerogels demonstrate immense potential for applications in water treatment.
A Degradable Sensor Based on Insect Protein for Postsurgical Diagnosis of Joint Health
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Chen Lei , Yang Shuai , Liu Yongbo , Chen Luhua , Chen Long , Song Jinhui , Yang Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDegradable electronics have received extensive attention due to their potential to construct ‘green’ electronics and implantable medical devices. However, in the development of degradable devices, the contradiction between the strict requirements for biodegradability and the pursuit of device performance has brought considerable challenges to the selection of materials. This paper reports a biodegradable flexible tactile sensor (BFTS) based on chitosan film doped with Ostrinia furnacalis cuticular protein (OfCPH‐1) as substrate and Zn as the interdigital electrode. The BFTS maintains a precise and stable response to microdistance, and it is completely degraded in 3 h through the solubility test in Stroke‐physiological saline solution. Furthermore, the BFTS has been tested in complications monitoring after meniscal removal surgery by the dynamic detection of articular cartilage wear and effusion of joint. These results indicate that the BFTS has potential application as implantable medical devices.
Graphene Based Printable Conductive Wax for Low‐Power Thermal Actuation in Microfluidic Paper‐Based Analytical Devices
Authors: Brito‐Pereira Ricardo , Ribeiro Clarisse , Costa Pedro , Correia Vitor , Cardoso Vanessa F. , Lanceros‐Mendez Senentxu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWax printing is one of the most widely used techniques to print hydrophobic barriers on hydrophilic microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (µPADs) based on its simplicity, speed, and low cost, allowing large‐scale production. Nonetheless, its function is just passive, without any action on fluids. Thus, this work proposes multifunctional hydrophobic composites based on conductive graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) integrated into the wax matrix to allow a dual role of barrier and heater, the latter being required in a large variety of temperature‐sensitive reactions and microfluidic applications. The effect of GNP weight content on the physicochemical properties of the wax, printed wax, and generated heating are evaluated. Wax prints with mechanical stability and adequate impregnation through the paper are obtained after post‐thermal curing. With respect to the functional response, controlled temperatures ranging from room temperature to ≈107 °C can be achieved after just 10 s. Two proofs of concept are presented involving thermochromic inks, specific printed systems designs, and low‐power batteries. The benefits of µPADs allied to the increased functionality and performance of the developed waxes, hold great promise to meet the requirements for a next generation of versatile, effective, and accurate µPADs for an increasing number of applications.
Recipe for Fabricating Optimized Solid‐State Electrochromic Devices and Its Know‐How: Challenges and Future
Authors: Ghosh Tanushree , Kandpal Suchita , Rani Chanchal , Chaudhary Anjali , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochromism, a well‐defined phenomenon of bias‐induced reversible color switching, has led to real applications in several smart devices including smart windows and self‐powered batteries and solar panels. For these applications, the electrochromic (EC) materials need to be integrated as solid‐state devices. Deciphering ways to recreate a conventional device requires understanding of basic structure and its working. A thorough discussion is provided here regarding various materials that can act as chromophores when treated with some electric bias in addition to a few parameters that dictatehow fairly the device performs. The next important aspect is the device design, the skeleton of which usually includes conducting substrates, EC active materials, and an electrolyte. Step‐by‐step, various available device paradigms are discussed starting from a single EC electrode then joining a blank substrate to fabricate a monolayer electrochromic device (ECD) moving onto bi‐layer ECDs, and finally, all‐in‐one EC gel, which is devoid of any proper layered pattern. A thorough discussion regarding various application‐oriented structural modifications is provided. Challenges and the areas that need to be addressed in immediate future are discussed.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Sensors Based on Nanocellulose Derivatives for Improvement of Quality of Human Life: A Review
Authors: Leal‐Junior Arnaldo , Soares Maria Simone , de Almeida Pedro Marques , Marques Carlos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a review of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) sensors based on water and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) mixtures for healthcare and human quality of life applications. First, an overview of the sensors system demands for healthcare and environmental sensing is presented in which there is also a discussion on the sensors technologies conventionally applied in these scenarios. Then, a discussion of the water‐HPC mixtures and the formation of the CLCs as well as their operation principle and fabrication methods is presented. Thereafter, the applications of such technologies for the assessment of different parameters related to biomechanics, medical conditions, and environment contamination are discussed in detail. Thus, the use of CLC sensors based on HPC membranes provides novel sustainable approaches for highly sensitive sensors systems with intuitive signal acquisition and analysis. For these reasons, one can envisage a widespread of such technologies due to the mentioned advantages in conjunction with low cost, flexibility in fabrication, simple signal processing, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
Ultra‐Permeable Dual‐Mechanism‐Driven Graphene Oxide Framework Membranes for Precision Ion Separations
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Yanqiu , Yang Fan , Mamba Bhekie B. , Ma Jun , Shao Lu , Liu Shaomin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional graphene oxide (GO) membranes are gaining popularity as a promising means to address global water scarcity. However, current GO membranes fail to sufficiently exclude angstrom‐sized ions from solution. Herein, a de novo “posterior” interfacial polymerization (p‐IP) strategy is reported to construct a tailor‐made polyamide (PA) network in situ in an ultrathin GO membrane to strengthen size exclusion while imparting a positively charged membrane surface to repel metal ions. The electrostatic repulsion toward metal ions, coupled with the reinforced size exclusion, synergistically drives the high‐efficiency metal ion separation through the synthesized positively charged GO framework (PC‐GOF) membrane. This dual‐mechanism‐driven PC‐GOF membrane exhibits superior metal ion rejection, anti‐fouling ability, good operational stability, and ultra‐high permeance (five times that of pristine GO membranes), enabling a sound step towards a sustainable water‐energy‐food nexus.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Recycling of FeX2/FeX3 for Efficient Halogenation of C−H Bonds Using NaX
Authors: Ye Jiani , Zhang Dongsheng , Salli Sofia , Li Yajiao , Han Feiyu , Mai Yuanqiang , Rosei Federico , Li Yongwang , Yang Yong , Besenbacher Flemming , Niemantsverdriet Hans , Richards Emma , Su Ren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnvironmental‐friendly halogenation of C−H bonds using abundant, non‐toxic halogen salts is in high demand in various chemical industries, yet the efficiency and selectivity of laboratory available protocols are far behind the conventional photolytic halogenation process which uses hazardous halogen sources. Here we report an FeX2 (X=Br, Cl) coupled semiconductor system for efficient, selective, and continuous photocatalytic halogenation using NaX as halogen source under mild conditions. Herein, FeX2 catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen and the consumption of generated oxygen radicals, thus boosting the generation of halogen radicals and elemental halogen for direct halogenation and indirect halogenation via the formation of FeX3. Recycling of FeX2 and FeX3 during the photocatalytic process enables the halogenation of a wide range of hydrocarbons in a continuous flow, rendering it a promising method for applications.
A Route to Stabilize Uranium(II) and Uranium(I) Synthons in Multimetallic Complexes
Authors: Keerthi Shivaraam R. A. , Keener Megan , Modder Dieuwertje K. , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Živković Ivica , Scopelliti Rosario , Maron Laurent , Mazzanti Marinella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHerein, we report the redox reactivity of a multimetallic uranium complex supported by triphenylsiloxide (−OSiPh3) ligands, where we show that low valent synthons can be stabilized via an unprecedented mechanism involving intramolecular ligand migration. The two‐ and three‐electron reduction of the oxo‐bridged diuranium(IV) complex [{(Ph3SiO)3(DME)U}2(μ‐O)], 4, yields the formal “UII/UIV”, 5, and “UI/UIV”, 6, complexes via ligand migration and formation of uranium‐arene δ‐bond interactions. Remarkably, complex 5 effects the two‐electron reductive coupling of pyridine affording complex 7, which demonstrates that the electron‐transfer is accompanied by ligand migration, restoring the original ligand arrangement found in 4. This work provides a new method for controlling the redox reactivity in molecular complexes of unstable, low‐valent metal centers, and can lead to the further development of f‐elements redox reactivity.
Resolidified Chalcogen Precursors for High‐Quality 2D Semiconductor Growth
Authors: Wu Qinke , Nong Huiyu , Zheng Rongxu , Zhang Rongjie , Wang Jingwei , Yang Liusi , Liu Bilu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have gained attention in optoelectronics for their extraordinary properties. However, the large amount and locally distributed lattice defects affect the optical properties of 2D TMDCs, and the defects originate from unstable factors in the synthesis process. In this work, we develop a method of pre‐melting and resolidification of chalcogen precursors (sulfur and selenium), namely resolidified chalcogen, as precursor for the chemical vapor deposition growth of TMDCs with ultrahigh quality and uniformity. Taking WS2 as an example, the monolayer WS2 shows uniform fluorescence intensity and a small full‐width at half‐maximum of photoluminescence peak at low temperatures with an average value of 13.6±1.9 meV. The defect densities at the interior and edge region are both low and comparable, i.e., (9±3)×1012 cm−2 and (10±4)×1012 cm−2, indicating its high structural quality and uniformity. This method is universal in growing high quality monolayer MoS2, WSe2, MoSe2, and will benefit their applications.
A potentially fatal cranial pathology in a specimen of Tarchia
Authors: Tumanova Tatiana , Penkalski Paul , Gallagher William B. , Engiles Julie B. , Dodson Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSkulls of the Mongolian ankylosaurids Shamosaurus, Tarchia, and Saichania were scanned for information about their internal anatomy. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the Tarchia skull revealed substantial internal anatomical differences from known Campanian North American taxa, particularly in the morphology of the airway. In addition, unexpected anomalies were detected within the airway and sinuses. The anomalies include multiple bilaterally distributed, variably sized hyperdense (mineralized) concretions within the airway and sinuses, the largest of which, positioned in the right nasal cavity medial to the supraorbitals, has an asymmetric ovoid shape that tapers caudally and which is partially encased within a hemispherical trabeculated osseous proliferation (sinus exostosis). Immediately adjacent to the exostosis is a subcircular transosseous defect in the prefrontal region of the skull roof that is partially filled with trabeculated ossified material with similar architectural features as the larger exostosis. Irregularities along the internal and external surfaces of the cranial vault may be associated. The radiologic features of the hemicircumferential exostosis suggest a chronic reactive osteoproliferation, possibly in response to an ongoing inflammatory reaction to primary sinus infection or, in combination with the unilateral transosseous defect, traumatically introduced infection with potentially fatal consequences. This report underscores the value of CT scanning of fossil vertebrate specimens, which in this case revealed large internal lesions of the skull that, at the time the scan was performed, were otherwise indiscernible.
Imagining, designing, and interpreting experiments: Using quantitative assessment to improve instruction in scientific reasoning
Authors: Coleman Aaron B. , Lorenzo Kyla , McLamb Flannery , Sanku Abhiraj , Khan Sahil , Bozinovic Goran 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffectively teaching scientific reasoning requires an understanding of the challenges students face when learning these skills. We designed an assessment that measures undergraduate student abilities to form hypotheses, design experiments, and interpret data from experiments in cellular and molecular biology. The assessment uses intermediate‐constraint free‐response questions with a defined rubric to facilitate use with large classes, while identifying common reasoning errors that may prevent students from becoming proficient at designing and interpreting experiments. The assessment measured a statistically significant improvement in a senior‐level biochemistry laboratory course, and a larger improvement between the biochemistry lab students and a separate cohort in a first‐year introductory biology lab course. Two common errors were identified for forming hypotheses and using experimental controls. Students frequently constructed a hypothesis that was a restatement of the observation it was supposed to explain. They also often made comparisons to control conditions not included in an experiment. Both errors were most frequent among first‐year students, and decreased in frequency as students completed the senior‐level biochemistry lab. Further investigation of the absent controls error indicated that difficulties with reasoning about experimental controls may be widespread in undergraduate students. The assessment was a useful instrument for measuring improvement in scientific reasoning at different levels of instruction, and identified errors that can be targeted to improve instruction in the process of science.
Microwave‐assisted extraction of bioactive components from Angelica dahurica using the tailor‐made natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Liu Xizhe , Li Feigao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the present study, a new, green, efficient, and sustainable microwave‐assisted extraction method combined with a deep eutectic solvent was successfully established for the extraction of five important coumarins from Angelica dahurica, namely bergapten, oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, cnidilin, and isoimperatorin. Compared with the conventional extraction method, the extraction efficiency of this method was improved by 10.74%. With increasingly serious global environmental pollution, this green method will be a solution for mainstream sustainable development and lead to a stable improvement in fine industries such as food, medicine, and cosmetics. The findings of this study may provide valuable clues and a scientific basis for further research of A. dahurica and other pharmaceutical components.