bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of computational approaches to predict the structural features and recent trends in α‐amylase production for industrial applications
Authors: Shad Mohsin , Hussain Naveed , Usman Muhammad , Akhtar Muhammad W. , Sajjad Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAmylases are biologically active enzymes that can hydrolyze starch to produce dextrin, glucose, maltose, and oligosaccharides. The amylases contribute approximately 30% to the global industrial enzyme market. The globally produced amylases are widely used in textile, biofuel, starch processing, food, bioremediation of environmental pollutants, pulp, and paper, clinical, and fermentation industries. The purpose of this review article is to summarize recent trends and aspects of α‐amylases, classification, microbial production sources, biosynthesis and production methods, and its broad‐spectrum applications for industrial purposes, which will depict the latest trends in α‐amylases production. In the present article, we have comprehensively compared the biodiversity of α‐amylases in different model organisms ranging from archaea to eukaryotes using in silico structural analysis tools. The detailed comparative analysis: regarding their structure, function, cofactor, signal peptide, and catalytic domain along with their catalytic residues of α‐amylases in 16 model organisms were discussed in this paper. The comparative studies on alpha (α) amylases' secondary and tertiary structures, multiple sequence alignment, transmembrane helices, physiochemical properties, and their phylogenetic analysis in model organisms were briefly studied. This review has documented the recent trends and future perspectives of industrially important novel thermophilic α‐amylases. In conclusion, this review sheds light on the current understanding and prospects of α‐amylase research, highlighting its importance as a versatile enzyme with numerous applications and emphasizing the need for further exploration and innovation in this field.
Structure–Activity Relationship Prediction‐Based Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation against the HEp‐2 Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell of Isoflavone–Cytisine Mannich Bases
Authors: Mrug Galyna , Hodyna Diana , Metelytsia Larysa , Kovalishyn Vasyl , Trokhimenko Olena , Bondarenko Svitlana , Kondratyuk Kostyantyn , Kozitskiy Andriy , Frasinyuk Mykhaylo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQSAR analysis of previously synthesized and nature‐inspired virtual isoflavone‐cytisine hybrids against the HEp‐2 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines was performed using the OCHEM web platform. The validation of the models using an external test set proved that the models can be used to predict the activity of newly designed compounds such as 8‐cytisinylmethyl derivatives of 5,7‐ and 6,7‐dihydroxyisoflavones. The synthetic procedure for selective aminomethylation of 5,7‐dihydroxyisoflavones with cytisine was developed. In vitro testing identified compound 7 f with cisplatin‐level cytotoxicity against HEp‐2 cell lines and compound 10 which was twice active than cisplatin after 72 h of incubation.
The relationships between spinal amplitude of movement, pain and disability in low back pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nzamba J. , Van Damme S. , Favre J. , Christe G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of spinal movement alterations in low back pain (LBP) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analyses examined the relationships between spinal amplitude of movement, disability and pain intensity in patients with LBP.Databases and Data TreatmentWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Pedro and Web of Science for relevant articles until 14th March 2023. Risk of bias was assessed with the Quality in Prognostic Studies Tool. We analysed the relationships between amplitude of movement, disability and pain intensity with standard correlational meta‐analyses and meta‐analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM) in cross‐sectional and longitudinal data.ResultsA total of 106 studies (9001 participants) were included. In cross‐sectional data, larger amplitude of movement was associated with lower disability (pooled coefficient: −0.25, 95% confidence interval: [−0.29 to −0.21]; 69/5899 studies/participants) and pain intensity (−0.13, [−0.17 to −0.09]; 74/5806). An increase in amplitude of movement was associated with a decrease in disability (−0.23, [−0.31 to −0.15]; 33/2437) and pain intensity (−0.25, [−0.33 to −0.17]; 38/2172) in longitudinal data. MASEM revealed similar results and, in addition, showed that amplitude of movement had a very small influence on the pain intensity–disability relationship.ConclusionsThese results showed a significant but small association between amplitude of movement and disability or pain intensity. Moreover, they demonstrated a direct association between an increase in amplitude of movement and a decrease in pain intensity or disability, supporting interventions aiming to reduce protective spinal movements in patients with LBP.SignificanceThe large meta‐analyses performed in this work revealed an association between reductions in spinal amplitude of movement and increased levels of disability and pain intensity in people with LBP. Moreover, it highlighted that LBP recovery is associated with a reduction in protective motor behaviour (increased amplitude of movement), supporting the inclusion of spinal movement in the biopsychosocial understanding and management of LBP.
CoNiFe‐layered double hydroxide decorated Co‐N‐C network as a robust bi‐functional oxygen electrocatalyst for zinc‐air batteries
Authors: Arafat Yasir , Zhong Yijun , Azhar Muhammad R. , Asif Mohammad , Tadé Moses O. , Shao Zongping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs) are cost‐effective energy storage devices and display high‐energy density. To realize high round‐trip energy efficiency, it is critical to develop durable bi‐functional air electrodes, presenting high catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction reactions together. Herein, we report a nanocomposite based on ternary CoNiFe‐layered double hydroxides (LDH) and cobalt coordinated and N‐doped porous carbon (Co‐N‐C) network, obtained by the in‐situ growth of LDH over the surface of ZIF‐67‐derived 3D porous network. Co‐N‐C network contributes to the oxygen reduction reaction activity, while CoNiFe‐LDH imparts to the oxygen evolution reaction activity. The rich active sites and enhanced electronic and mass transport properties stemmed from their unique architecture, culminated into outstanding bi‐functional catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction in alkaline media. In ZABs, it displays a high peak power density of 228 mW cm−2 and a low voltage gap of 0.77 V over an ultra‐long lifespan of 950 h.image
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Mercury in Arctic Alaska Coastal Fish of Subsistence Importance
Authors: Fraley Kevin M. , Hamman Carolyn R. , Sutton Trent M. , Robards Martin D. , Jones Tahzay , Whiting Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury (Hg) are harmful compounds that are widely present in the environment, partly due to spills and atmospheric pollution. The presence of PFAS and Hg in the tissues of animals that are harvested by rural and Indigenous Alaskans is of great concern, yet fish in Arctic Alaska have not previously been assessed for concentrations of PFAS. Fish species of subsistence and recreational importance were collected from nearshore Beaufort and Chukchi Sea, Alaska habitats and assessed for PFAS and total mercury concentrations [THg]. We found multiple PFAS compounds present at low levels (&lt;3 μg/kg) in the muscle tissue of inconnu, broad whitefish, Dolly Varden char, Arctic flounder, saffron cod, humpback whitefish, and least cisco. In addition, [THg] levels in these fish were well below levels triggering local fish consumption guidelines (&lt;170 μg/kg). These initial results indicate no evidence of the Alaska Arctic nearshore fish species examined as an avenue of PFAS or Hg exposure to people who harvest them. However, sources and trends of these contaminants in the Arctic require further investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2329–2335. © 2023 SETAC
Tomato and human health: A perspective from post‐harvest processing, nutrient bio‐accessibility, and pharmacological interaction
Authors: Yong Ke Tian , Yong Phaik Har , Ng Zhi Xiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSolanum lycopersicum, which is commonly known as tomato, not only serves as a dietary fruit vegetable but also a functional food that protects humans against chronic degenerative illnesses such as diabetes microvascular complications, viral diseases, and cancers. The nutritional benefit of tomato is largely attributed to its phytonutrient composition. The influence of post‐harvest processing methods, digestion process, and compounds interaction on the bio‐accessibility of phytonutrients are key aspects to consider when investigating the potential impact of tomato on human health. Besides, information on the underlying mechanism of tomato phytochemicals’ interaction and pharmacological action with other food components could pave the way for novel functional research study. To date, the impact of different processing methods and digestion effect on the extraction of phytochemicals from tomato showed contradictory findings. Although thermal processing and the application of spices and/or condiments like olive oil on tomato are common practices in domestic cooking, understanding of the changes in bioactivity in the processed tomato products is still limited. This paper aimed to summarize the current post‐harvest processing methods that maximize the health benefits of tomato and offer additional insight into the development of tomato and its related products with optimal pharmacological values. This study also reviewed several major phytochemicals in tomato with functional values and their possible interaction with other food components. The impact of in vitro digestion on the bio‐accessibility and functional activity of tomato phytochemicals were critically discussed, alongside selected post‐harvest processing methods that could maximize the health benefit and commercial values of tomato.
Diagnosing and treating diabetic ketoacidosis in dogs and cats
Authors: Scudder Chris , Roberts Emma 
Published: July 2023

Background: Patients in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a complication of diabetes mellitus, will often present with a multitude of electrolyte and fluid balance abnormalities which require immediate treatment. Although historically considered to be associated with a poor prognosis, if sufficient owner finances are available then most patients can be successfully treated with an approach tailored to the individual patient, owner and practice.Aim of the article: This article outlines the aetiology and clinical presentation of DKA in cats and dogs and discusses the treatment options available when presented with these patients.
Analysis of lncRNAs profiles associated with ferroptosis can predict prognosis and immune landscape and drug sensitivity in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zong Huantao , Li Anning , Huang Yongjin , Che Xuanyan , Zhang Yong , Ma Guikai , Zhou Zhongbao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel kind of iron‐ and reactive oxygen‐induced cell death, investigation into ferroptosis‐associated long noncoding RNAs (FALs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is scarce. The goal of the research was to look at FALs' possible predictive significance, as well as their interaction with the immune microenvironment and therapeutic responsiveness of ccRCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was employed to retrieve RNA sequencing data from 530 individuals with ccRCC. Patients with ccRCC were randomly assigned to one of two groups: training or testing. Pearson's correlation analysis through the identified ferroptosis‐related genes was implemented to screen for FALs. Finally, a FALs signature composed of eight lncRNAs was discovered for predicting survival outcomes in ccRCC patients. ccRCC patients in the training, testing, and overall cohorts were separated into low‐risk and high‐risk groups based on their risk score. The FALs signature was identified to be an independent factor for overall survival in the multivariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio = 1.013, 95% confidence interval = 1.008–1.018, p < 0.001). A clinically prognostic nomogram was created depending on the FALs signature and clinical characteristics. The nomogram provides greater clinical practicability and may reliably estimate patients' overall survival. The FALs signature may additionally precisely represent ccRCC's immunological environment, immunotherapy reaction, and drug sensitivity. The eight FALs and their signature provide precise and reliable methods for evaluating the clinical effects of in ccRCC patients, and they could be biological markers and targets for therapy.
Characteristics of genotype, drug resistance, and molecular transmission network among newly diagnosed HIV‐1 infections in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Minchao , Zhou Jiasheng , Zhang Kechun , Yuan Yue , Zhao Jiacong , Cui Mingting , Yin Di , Wen Ziyu , Chen Zhonghe , Li Linghua , Zou Huachun , Deng Kai , Sun Caijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe HIV‐1 pandemic has persisted for four decades, and poses a major challenge to global public health. Shenzhen, a city with large number of migrant populations in China, is suffering HIV‐1 epidemic. It is necessary to continuously conduct the molecular surveillance among newly diagnosed HIV‐1 patients in these migrant population. In this study, plasma samples of newly diagnosed and ART‐naive HIV‐1 infections were collected from Shenzhen city in China. The partial genes of HIV‐1 gag and pol were amplified and sequenced for the analysis of genotype, drug resistance, and molecular transmission network. Ninety‐one sequences of pol gene were obtained from newly diagnosed HIV‐1 infections in Shenzhen, and seven HIV‐1 subtypes were revealed in this investigation. Among them, the circulating recombinant form (CRF) 07_BC was the mostly frequent subtype (53.8%, 49/91), followed by CRF01_AE (20.9%, 19/91), CRF55_01B (9.9%, 9/91), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (8.8%, 8/91), B (3.3%, 3/91), CRF59_01B (2.2%, 2/91), and CRF08_BC (1.1%, 1/91). The overall prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) was 23.1% (21/91), and 52.38% (11/21) of the PDR was specific for the nonnucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Furthermore, a total of 3091 pol gene sequences were used to generate 19 molecular transmission clusters, and then one growing cluster, a new cluster, and a cluster with growth reactivation were identified. The result revealed that more sexual partner, CRF_07BC subtype, and seven amino acid deletions in gag p6 region might be the influencing factors associated with the high risk of transmission behavior. Compared with CRF01_AE subtype, CRF07_BC subtype strains were more likely to form clusters in molecular transmission network. This suggests that long‐term surveillance of the HIV‐1 molecular transmission should be a critical measure to achieve a precise intervention for controlling the spread of HIV‐1 in China.
Synergistic Approaches in the Design and Applications of UCST Polymers
Authors: Nan Yi , Zhao Chuanzhuang , Beaudoin Guillaume , Zhu X. X. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis review summarizes recent progress in the synergistic design strategy for thermoresponsive polymers possessing an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in aqueous systems. To achieve precise control of the responsive behavior of the UCST polymers, their molecular design can benefit from a synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding with other interactions or modification of the chemical structures. The combination of UCST behavior with other stimuli‐responsive properties of the polymers may yield new functional materials with potential applications such as sensors, actuators, and controlled release devices. The advances in this area provide insight or inspiration into the understanding and design of functional UCST polymers for a wide range of applications.
Diallyl trisulfide inhibits gastric cancer stem cell properties through ΔNp63/sonic hedgehog pathway
Authors: Ge Miaomiao , Zhu Jianyun , Yi Kefan , Chen Yue , Cao Wanshuang , Wang Menghuan , Xie Chunfeng , Li Xiaoting , Geng Shanshan , Wu Jieshu , Zhong Caiyun , Cao Hui , Jiang Zhiwei , Han Hongyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and half of the patients develop recurrences or metastasis within 5 years after eradication therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be important in this progress. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric CSCs characteristics. The p63 proteins are vital transcription factors belonging to the p53 family, while their functions in regulating CSCs remain unclear. The preventive effects of dietary diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against human gastric cancer have been verified. However, whether DATS can target gastric CSCs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in gastric CSCs and the inhibitory effect of DATS on gastric CSCs via ΔNp63/SHH pathway. We found that ΔNp63 was upregulated in serum‐free medium cultured gastric tumorspheres compared with the parental cells. Overexpression of ΔNp63 elevated the self‐renewal capacity and CSC markers' levels in gastric sphere‐forming cells. Furthermore, we found that ΔNp63 directly bound to the promoter region of Gli1, the key transcriptional factor of SHH pathway, to enhance its expression and to activate SHH pathway. In addition, it was revealed that DATS effectively inhibited gastric CSC properties both in vitro and in vivo settings. Activation of SHH pathway attenuated the suppressive effects of DATS on the stemness of gastric cancer. Moreover, DATS suppression of gastric CSC properties was also diminished by ΔNp63 upregulation through SHH pathway activation. These findings illustrated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in DATS inhibition of gastric cancer stemness. Taken together, the present study suggested for the first time that DATS inhibited gastric CSCs properties by ΔNp63/SHH pathway.
Meteorological conditions during periods of low wind speed and insolation in Germany: The role of weather regimes
Authors: Mockert Fabian , Grams Christian M. , Brown Tom , Neumann Fabian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRenewable power generation from wind and solar energy is strongly dependent on the weather. To plan future sustainable energy systems that are robust to weather variability, a better understanding of why and when periods of low wind and solar power output occur is valuable. We call such periods of low wind speed and insolation “Dunkelflauten”, the German word for “dark wind lulls”. In this article, we analyse the meteorological conditions during Dunkelflauten in Germany by applying the concept of weather regimes. Weather regimes are quasi‐stationary, recurrent and persistent large‐scale circulation patterns that explain multi‐day atmospheric variability (5–15 days). We use a regime definition that allows us to distinguish four different types of blocked regimes, characterized by high‐pressure situations in the North Atlantic‐European region. We find that Dunkelflauten in Germany occur mainly in winter when the solar power output is low due to the seasonal cycle of solar irradiance and wind power output drops for several consecutive days. A high‐pressure system over Germany, associated with the European Blocking regime, is responsible for most of the Dunkelflauten. Dunkelflauten during the Greenland Blocking regime are associated with colder temperatures than usual, causing higher electricity demand, and would present a particular challenge as space heating becomes electrified in the future. Furthermore, we show that Dunkelflauten occur predominantly when a weather regime is well established and persists longer than usual. Our study provides novel insight into the occurrence and meteorological characteristics of Dunkelflauten, which is essential for planning resilient energy systems and supporting grid operators to prepare for potential shortages in supply.
Sound speed and attenuation of human pancreas and pancreatic tumors and their influence on focused ultrasound thermal and mechanical therapies
Authors: Gray Michael D. , Spiers Laura , Coussios Constantin C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing interest in using ultrasound for thermal ablation, histotripsy, and thermal or cavitational enhancement of drug delivery for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Ultrasonic and thermal modelling conducted as part of the treatment planning process requires acoustic property values for all constituent tissues, but the literature contains no data for the human pancreas.PurposeThis study presents the first acoustic property measurements of human pancreatic samples and provides examples of how these properties impact a broad range of ultrasound therapies.MethodsData were collected on human pancreatic tissue samples at physiological temperature from 23 consented patients in cooperation with a hospital pathology laboratory. Propagation of ultrasound over the 2.1–4.5 MHz frequency range through samples of various thicknesses and pathologies was measured using a set of custom‐built ultrasonic calipers, with the data processed to estimate sound speed and attenuation. The results were used in acoustic and thermal simulations to illustrate the impacts on extracorporeal ultrasound therapies for mild hyperthermia, thermal ablation, and histotripsy implemented with a CE‐marked clinical system operating at 0.96 MHz.ResultsThe mean sound speed and attenuation coefficient values for human samples were well below the range of values in the literature for non‐human pancreata, while the human attenuation power law exponents were substantially higher. The simulated impacts on ultrasound mediated therapies for the pancreas indicated that when using the human data instead of the literature average, there was a 30% reduction in median temperature elevation in the treatment volume for mild hyperthermia and 43% smaller volume within a 60°C contour for thermal ablation, all driven by attenuation. By comparison, impacts on boiling and intrinsic threshold histotripsy were minor, with peak pressures changing by less than 15% (positive) and 1% (negative) as a consequence of the counteracting effects of attenuation and sound speed.ConclusionThis study provides the most complete set of speed of sound and attenuation data available for the human pancreas, and it reiterates the importance of acoustic material properties in the planning and conduct of ultrasound‐mediated procedures, particularly thermal therapies.