bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimodality of auditory receptors in bush‐crickets. Сontinued discussion. It's time to experiment
Authors: Zhantiev Rustem , Korsunovskaya Olga 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContinuation of the discussion on the sensitivity of the chordotonal sensilla of the tympanal organ of bush‐crickets to vibratory stimuli. We have previously shown that individual receptors registered directly in the tympanal organ perceive vibrations along with sound stimuli. In addition, scolopidia of the crista acustica possess mixed sensitivity, too, as well as receptors of the intermediate organ. The authors of the comment offered their opinion concerning our applied methods as well as our obtained results. In particular, they noted the dissimilarity of our data from the previously obtained data (the 1970s–1990s), mainly in the laboratory of Prof. K. Kalmring, who assumed that only low‐frequency receptors, in particular receptors of the intermediate organ, possess mixed sensitivity. At the same time, receptor activity was recorded in the tympanal nerve without morphological identification of receptors (with the exception of one stained neuron in the prothoracic ganglion). We carried out a series of experiments using the method of K. Kalmring and found that it is possible to register several receptors in the tympanal nerve with different reactions during one experiment: to sound only, also both to vibration stimuli and sound. In the latter case, we dealt with low‐threshold receptors, which responded to ultrasound, and this with high probability belonged to the crista acustica. Similar data were previously obtained on the bush‐cricket Decticus verrucivorus. In this publication, we explain the methodological features of our work and suggest that the loss of sensitivity to vibrations at the level of the tympanal nerve by some auditory receptors may be due to the ephaptic and/or chemical interaction of the tympanal organ receptors with vibroreceptors of the subgenual or other organs. To verify this hypothesis, it is necessary to conduct additional studies, such as physiological, morphological, and immunohistochemical, along the entire vibroacoustic afferent tract, that is, from the peripheral part to the first switches to the corresponding interneurons.
Patient Experience With Absolute Voice Rest Following Phonomicrosurgery: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dong Selina X. , Lin R. J. 
Published: August 2023

Objective(s)Voice rest is commonly recommended following phonomicrosurgery to minimize vocal fold scarring, but associated quality of life (QoL) is low resulting in poor compliance. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences with voice rest following phonomicrosurgery to identify facilitators and barriers.MethodsThis qualitative study used prospective, typical case technique for purposive sampling of consecutive patients who underwent voice rest following phonomicrosurgery for benign vocal fold lesions. Participants were enrolled at a single tertiary Laryngology center located at Unity Health Toronto – St. Michael's Hospital from 2020 to 2022. Semi‐structured virtual interviews were conducted 4 weeks following patients' surgery. All interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and underwent thematic analysis. Participant recruitment was stopped once thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsTwenty participants were recruited and 4 withdrew due to scheduling conflicts. Sixteen participants completed interviews, all of whom reported minimal impact of postoperative voice rest on QoL. The participants attributed their success to facilitators such as notifying close contacts of their situation beforehand and adopting nonverbal forms of communication. No participant endorsed a negative attitude toward voice rest. Understanding the rationale for voice rest and the consequences of noncompliance were reported to be effective in encouraging compliance.ConclusionOverall, the participants tolerated voice rest well owing to facilitators such as early preparation, lifestyle modifications, and understanding the rationale for voice rest. Social disconnect and work demands were barriers of voice rest. Moving forward, facilitators and barriers should be addressed in efforts to optimize the voice rest experience for future patient populations.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:361–366, 2024
Machinability and surface morphology investigations of multiwall carbon nanotube reinforced aluminium 7075 metal matrix composite during electrical discharge machining: A grey relational approach
Authors: Pradhan Rahul Chandra , Tripathy Abhishek Gautam , Prasad Kumar Shantanu , Sahoo Barada Prasanna , Das Diptikanta , Kumar Ramanuj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultiwall carbon nanotube buttressed aluminium 7075 metal matrix composite was synthesized through an amended liquid metallurgy method, which consisted semisolid stirring, ultrasonic treatment and squeeze casting. Aim was to investigate its machinability and surface morphology during electrical discharge machining. Variable machining factors were peak current, pulse‐on time and gap voltage, whereas the responses under investigation were electrode wear rate, material removal rate and average surface roughness. Results revealed electrode wear rate, material wear rate and average surface roughness increased on increasing peak current and pulse‐on time, but all these responses behaved inversely with the increase of gap voltage. Average surface roughness reduced by around 44 % on reducing the peak current from 10 A to 4 A and increasing gap voltage from 55 V to 80 V at constant pulse‐on time of 300 μs; however, it increased by around 25 % on reducing the gap voltage from 80 V to 55 V and increasing the pulse‐on time from 100 μs to 300 μs at constant peak current of 10 A. Significance of the process parameters were verified, regression models were developed and morphology of the machined surfaces was studied. Finally, multiple response optimization was conducted following grey relational approach.
Evolution of microstructure and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082
Authors: Verma J. , Padap A. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBulk production of ultrafine‐grained material is in great demand presently. Ultrafine‐grained material can be synthesized using accumulative roll bonding, which is a prominent severe plastic deformation technique to develop such materials in bulk. There are further challenges in the fabrication of ultrafine‐grained material. Friction stir welding is a potential technique to join the ultrafine‐grained material while maintaining its mechanical and microstructural characteristics stability as no fusion is required. The present research work demonstrates the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of various welding zone after friction stir welding of ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082. The microstructural features were examined using optical microscopy and the electron back‐scattered diffraction technique. The variation in mechanical characteristics was observed using tensile and microhardness tests. The fractography of tensile specimens was studied to identify the mode of failure. The present study demonstrates the viability of friction stir welding to join ultrafine‐grained aluminum alloy 6082 developed by accumulative roll bonding. The ultrafine grain size of 0.52 μm was achieved after four accumulative roll bonding cycles. The microhardness of accumulative roll bonding processed samples and the tensile strength of the weld joint were increased about two times and 1.6 times respectively compared to the annealed sample.
Cancer stem cells in brain tumors: From origin to clinical implications
Authors: Lin Shuyun , Li Kaishu , Qi Ling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMalignant brain tumors are highly heterogeneous tumors with a poor prognosis and a high morbidity and mortality rate in both children and adults. The cancer stem cell (CSC, also named tumor‐initiating cell) model states that tumor growth is driven by a subset of CSCs. This model explains some of the clinical observations of brain tumors, including the almost unavoidable tumor recurrence after initial successful chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and treatment resistance. Over the past two decades, strategies for the identification and characterization of brain CSCs have improved significantly, supporting the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Relevant studies have unveiled novel characteristics of CSCs in the brain, including their heterogeneity and distinctive immunobiology, which have provided opportunities for new research directions and potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CSCs markers and stemness regulators in brain tumors. We also comprehensively describe the influence of the CSCs niche and tumor microenvironment on brain tumor stemness, including interactions between CSCs and the immune system, and discuss the potential application of CSCs in brain‐based therapies for the treatment of brain tumors.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus and Externus in Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Di Luca Daniel G. , Ramirez‐Gomez Carolina , Germann Jurgen , Santyr Brendan , Boutet Alexandre , Milosevic Luka , Lang Anthony E. , Kalia Suneil K. , Lozano Andres M. , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy with parkinsonism (MSA‐P) is a progressive condition with no effective treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of globus pallidus pars interna and externa in a cohort of patients with MSA‐P.MethodsSix patients were included. Changes in Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS‐UPDRS III), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) scores, and levodopa equivalent daily dose were compared before and after DBS. Electrode localization and volume tissue activation were calculated.ResultsDBS surgery did not result in any major adverse events or intraoperative complications. Overall, no differences in MDS‐UPDRS III scores were demonstrated (55.2 ± 17.6 preoperatively compared with 67.3 ± 19.2 at 1 year after surgery), although transient improvement in mobility and dyskinesia was reported in some subjects.ConclusionsGlobus pallidus pars interna and externa DBS for patients with MSA‐P did not result in major complications, although it did not provide significant clinical benefit as measured by MDS‐UPDRS III. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Use of carefully titrated ultra‐low doses of alteplase in infected haemothorax caused by initial alteplase use to drain loculated malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Oh Jeong Suk , Yoo Chris , Wong Donny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlteplase as a fibrinolytic can be used to break up fibrin to encourage clot breakdown for clinical use. In the pleural space, it is used for symptomatic loculated malignant pleural effusions and pleural infections and can potentially avoid the need for surgical intervention. The optimal dose and dosing regimen of intrapleural fibrinolytics is still unknown. Although generally considered safe, bleeding is a serious potential complication and studies are ongoing to try and determine the lowest effective dose of alteplase to successfully treat pleural infections. This case highlighted the safe use of very low doses of alteplase ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mg following pleural bleeding after the use of alteplase to treat a patient with symptomatic malignant loculated effusion. It demonstrates once pleural bleeding has stopped, there is a role for carefully titrated intrapleural alteplase use to avoid surgery.
A stable and robust electrode using Copious metal oxide composite for green hydrogen production
Authors: Pandey Preeti H. , Bhadke Anil , Adivarekar Ravindra , Tayade Shivaji N. , Tawade Anita K. , Sharma Kirankumar K. , Patil Pramod S. , More Sandeep , Pawar Hitesh S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exploration of inexpensive and copious materials for water splitting has not come to an end even though a lot of materials has been synthesised to cope with the high overpotential and Tafel slope. The present manuscript demonstrates fabrication and performance studies of Co3O4 and TiO2 composite (CTC) catalyst coated electrode for electrochemical water splitting. The use of CTC (Co3O4@TiO2) showed the band gap of 2.41 eV which is found to be suitable for efficient water splitting reaction. The electrode fabrication was done using CTL coated FTO glass that provided a stable cathodic electrode for overall water splitting. The detail electrochemical studies of CTC electrode were performed in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution in a three‐electrode system. The CTC exhibited lowest Tafel slope value for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of 51 mV/dec and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of 166 mV/dec, calculated at 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, the highest current density 66.59 mA/cm2 at 0.20 V and 85.84 mA/cm2 at 1.85 V was observed for HER and OER, respectively. The significantly low overpotential 104 mV for HER and 240 mV for OER at 10 mA/cm2 depicted the efficiency of catalyst. The chronoamperometry study showed no significant loss in the activity CTC coating upto 32 h. Thus, the CTC coated electrode is found to be an excellent, stable and robust electrocatalyst for economical green H2 production.
Facile Preparation of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Composite Films with Long Term Stability and Flexibility for X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Li Zhigang , Sun Yuanjie , Han Fuguang , Wang Yi , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Nan , Tian Bo , Zhao Hongtao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composite flexible films were synthesized through a two‐step process. Firstly, CsPbBr3 nanocrystals with size of ~15 nm were synthesized via hot‐injection method, then the nanocrystals were dispersed in toluene as well as dissolution of EVA. The as‐prepared films emitting high purity of 90 % green color and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 80 % with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals loading of 5 % wt under X‐ray. Owing to the EVA encapsulating of CsPbBr3, the composites show long‐term stable luminescent properties in atmosphere and even in water. Also, with the EVA as matrix, the composite films are ponent to be repeated bent for 1500 cycles without losing PL intensity property obviously. The X‐ray image with high contrast was captured at dose rate of ~25 μGyair/s(~0.09 Gy/h), that were estimated via calibrated apparatus. These results indicate that the CsPbBr3/EVA composite film has great potential application in fields of radiation detection and especially of X‐ray imaging.
The Simultaneous Photooxidation of As(III) and Photoreduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Fe(III) in Aqueous Solution by UV/TiO2 Process: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Luong Giang Thi Kim , Ku Young 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic redox removal of As(III) and Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was investigated by UV/TiO2/Fe(III) process under various conditions. Fabricated TiO2 film was synthesized by the impregnation method, and used as photocatalyst in this study. The simultaneous removal of As(III) and Cr(VI) enhanced by 55 % and 24 % by adding Fe(III) in acidic solution under UV irradiation within 90 min. The reaction rate for As(III) oxidation and Cr(VI) reduction reached the highest value in acidic solution and high UV light intensity. The effect of inorganic ions on As(III) removal efficiency followed the order of SO42−>Cl−>
, meanwhile, there was no inhibition on Cr(VI) reduction. Trapping experiment results indicated that the photogenerated holes coupled with ⋅OH radicals contributed to As(III) oxidation; photogenerated electrons and Fe(II) were responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. Kinetic analysis using Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (L‐H) model for As(III) photooxidation and Cr(VI) photoreduction were presented and the possible mechanism was proposed in this study.
Transition metal carbide‐based photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Wong Khai J. , Foo Joel J. , Siang Tan J. , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransition metal carbides, including both MXene and non‐MXene metal carbides, have enjoyed a soaring reputation in recent years. Benefitting from their intriguing physical and chemical characteristics, they shine in multifarious research fields and currently, they have emerged as promising nanomaterials for photocatalysis in energy and environmental science. Herein, based on the recent theoretical research and experimental studies, a systematic and comprehensive review of the expeditious advances of metal carbides and their nano‐architectures in the flourishing arena of photocatalysis is presented. The fundamental mechanism involved in photocatalysis with metal carbides serving as semiconductors or cocatalysts is thoroughly discussed. Besides, we highlight the main synthetic strategies of MXene and non‐MXene metal carbides and unravel the structural properties of the as‐obtained metal carbides via different fabrication routes to establish and elucidate their intriguing role in ameliorating photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art advancements of metal carbides in diverse photocatalytic applications, including hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, overall water splitting, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction, are summarized. In particular, insights into the structure–activity relationship of metal carbide in photocatalysis are elucidated. Finally, this review concludes with the ongoing challenges and perspectives on the future directions of metal carbides in the realm of photocatalysis.
Impact of cardiac history and myocardial scar on increase of myocardial perfusion after revascularization
Authors: Jukema Ruurt A. , de Winter Ruben W. , Hopman Luuk H.G.A. , Driessen Roel S. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Appelman Yolande , Twisk Jos W.R. , Planken R. Nils , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Knaapen Paul , Danad Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to assess the impact of coronary revascularization on myocardial perfusion and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients without a cardiac history, with prior myocardial infarction (MI) or non-MI percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Furthermore, we studied the impact of scar tissue.

Methods
Symptomatic patients underwent [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) and FFR before and after revascularization. Patients with prior CAD, defined as prior MI or PCI, underwent scar quantification by magnetic resonance imaging late gadolinium enhancement.

Results
Among 137 patients (87% male, age 62.2 ± 9.5 years) 84 (61%) had a prior MI or PCI. The increase in FFR and hyperemic myocardial blood flow (hMBF) was less in patients with prior MI or non-MI PCI compared to those without a cardiac history (FFR: 0.23 ± 0.14 vs. 0.20 ± 0.12 vs. 0.31 ± 0.18, p = 0.02; hMBF: 0.54 ± 0.75 vs. 0.62 ± 0.97 vs. 0.91 ± 0.96 ml/min/g, p = 0.04). Post-revascularization FFR and hMBF were similar across patients without a cardiac history or with prior MI or non-MI PCI. An increase in FFR was strongly associated to hMBF increase in patients without a cardiac history or with prior MI/non-MI PCI (r = 0.60 and r = 0.60, p < 0.01 for both). Similar results were found for coronary flow reserve. In patients with prior MI scar was negatively correlated to hMBF increase and independently predictive of an attenuated CFR increase.

Conclusions
Post revascularization FFR and perfusion were similar among patients without a cardiac history, with prior MI or non-MI PCI. In patients with prior MI scar burden was associated to an attenuated perfusion increase.
Arterial Embolism After Facial Fat Grafting: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Kuhlmann Constanze , Frank Konstantin , Kim Bong-Sung , Conte Francesco , Cotofana Sebastian , Piccolo Nelson S. , Pallua Norbert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile autologous fat grafting of the face is considered a generally safe procedure, severe complications such as arterial embolism (AE) have been reported.ObjectiveTo summarize data on injection-related visual compromise, stroke, and death caused by arterial embolism after facial fat transplantation.Materials and MethodsPlastic surgery societies were contacted for reports on AE after autologous facial fat injection. In addition, a systematic literature review was performed. Data extracted included study design, injection site/technique, symptoms, management, outcome, and etiology.Results61 patients with a mean age of 33.56 ± 11.45 years were reported. Injections targeted the glabella or multiple facial regions (bothn = 16/61, 26.2%) most commonly, followed by injections in the temples (n = 10/61, 16.4%) and the forehead (n = 9/61, 14.8%). The mean volume injected was 21.5 ± 21.5 ml. Visual symptoms were described most frequently (n = 24/58, 41.4%) followed by neurological symptoms (n = 20/58, 34.5%), or both (n = 13/58, 22.4%). Ophthalmic artery (OA,n = 26/60, 43.3%), anterior or middle cerebral artery (CA,n = 11/60, 18.3%) or both (n = 14/60, 23.3%) were most frequently occluded. Outcome analysis revealed permanent vision loss in all patients with OA occlusion (n = 26/26, 100%), neurological impairment in most patients with CA occlusion (n = 8/10, 80%), and vision loss in most patients suffering from both OA and CA occlusion (n = 7/11, 63.6%). Six patients died following embolisms.ConclusionsAE causes severe complications such as blindness, stroke, and death. Due to a lack of high-quality data, no evidence-based treatment algorithms exist. To increase patient safety, a database collecting cases and complications should be established.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authorswww.springer.com/00266.
The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on musculoskeletal health: a systematic review
Authors: Gebrye Tadesse , Niyi-Odumosu Faatihah , Lawoe Joyceline , Mbada Chidozie , Fatoye Francis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is limited empirical evidence on whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related lockdown restrictions precipitate or perpetuate musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders. This study was aimed to synthesis literature that assessed the impact of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions on MSK health. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Studies meeting the following criteria were included in the review: the condition being considered was MSK health, the intervention was COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions, cross sectional studies, cohort studies, case controlled, prospective studies and retrospective studies. Data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Evidence from included studies was summarised using narrative synthesis. Fourteen studies comprising 22,471 participants of the general population from Turkey (n = 5), Italy (n = 1), Poland (n = 1), Australia (n = 2), Jordan (n = 1), Bangladesh (n = 1), Estonia (n = 1), the Netherlands (n = 1) and Saudi Arabia (n = 1) have met the inclusion criteria. The sample size of populations studied ranged from 91 to 1054. The included studies used questionnaire, visual analogic scale, or growth mixture modelling. Except for one study, all the included studies reported increased prevalence and incidence of MSK disorders due to COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions. The findings suggest that COVID-19 related lockdown restriction led to increased MSK disorders. Home-based strategies such as physical activity programmes and ergonomic workspace could potentially guide public health authorities to avoid MSK health problem.