bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of intestinal parasites, undernutrition and their associated risk factors among school‐age children in Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Debash Habtu , Alemu Megbaru , Bisetegn Habtye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIn developing countries, intestinal parasitic infections and malnutrition are among the most serious health issues affecting school‐aged children. They have synergetic consequences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, undernutrition, and their associated risk factors among school‐age children.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021 among school‐age children in Sekota Town, Northeast Ethiopia. Households were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Risk factor variables were collected using pretested questionnaires. Stool samples were collected from study participants and examined using a wet mount, formol‐ether concentration, and modified acid‐fast techniques. The height and weight of children were also measured using a meter and a standard calibrated balance, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 statistical software.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among school‐age children was 44.3% (178/402). About seven species of intestinal parasites were identified. The predominant parasite identified was E. histolytica/dispar (11.2%), followed by H. nana (9.2%) and G. lamblia (6.7%). The well as a source of drinking water (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.38–14.36), habit of open‐field defecation (AOR = 7.02; 95% CI: 13.05–12.06), and being undernourished (AOR = 5.67; 95% CI: 2.98–10.79) were independent predictors of intestinal parasitic infections. On the other hand, the overall prevalence of undernutrition was 46.3%. Undernutrition was significantly more likely in children with a dietary diversity score (DDS) of 3 (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 2.37–5.88), meal frequency of no more than three times per day (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.71–2.98), intestinal parasite infection (AOR = 5.25, 95% CI: 3.24–8.52), and no access to school‐based feeding (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.17–7.96).ConclusionThe prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and undernutrition was high among school‐age children in Sekota Town. The results imply the need for strengthening integrated strategies for the reduction of intestinal parasitic infections and undernutrition.
Single phase nanofluid thermal conductivity and viscosity prediction using neural networks and its application in a heated pipe of a circular cross section
Authors: Onyiriuka Ekene J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the single‐phase simulation of nanofluid with a neural network incorporated into the thermophysical properties in governing equations for the single‐phase treatment. The thermophysical properties affected are the viscosity, and the thermal conductivity, as both properties have been the area of contention in the study of nanofluid. The neural network is trained from experimental data gleaned from the available literature. The single phase and neural network are set up and solved using the finite element method in available commercial code. Grid independence was carried out, and the results were validated with experimental data that the neural networks were not trained with. It was observed that the lowest accuracy from the several simulations was 0.679% average percentage error. The results obtained agreed that nanofluids' thermal conductivity and viscosity can be accurately modeled for most single‐material nanofluids and hence reducing the error in the simulations of nanofluids using the single‐phase model which assumes the nanofluids are homogeneous and their properties are enhanced and effective.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Imeglimin in Japanese Patients With Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Kitamura Atsushi , Yumizaki Takuya , Kondo Tomoe , Sekino Hisakuni , Kakuyama Hiroyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImeglimin is a diabetic drug excreted mainly in the urine; therefore, the impact of renal impairment on its pharmacokinetics (PK) is of interest. We assessed the PK and safety of imeglimin in Japanese patients with impaired renal function. This was an uncontrolled, open‐label, single‐dose, phase 1 study. Participants were classified into 4 groups by their estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) as follows: ≥90, normal renal function; and 60 to <90, mild; 30 to <60, moderate; and 15 to <30, severe renal impairment. All participants received imeglimin 1000 mg except those with severe renal impairment, who received imeglimin 500 mg. PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis, and those after multiple administrations were projected using a noncompartmental superposition method. In total, 24 Japanese participants (6 in each group) were enrolled and completed the study. The mean plasma imeglimin concentration reached the maximum at 2‐4 hours after administration and then rapidly decreased. The geometric mean maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve values were higher in the impaired renal function groups versus normal renal function group. Most imeglimin was excreted in urine by 24 hours after administration. Renal clearance decreased with decreasing renal function. Projected maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve over the dosing interval after multiple dosing were greater in the renal impairment groups versus normal renal function group. No adverse events were observed. Considering increased plasma exposure along with decreased renal clearance, dose adjustment is required in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment with estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Labelling strategies for correlative light electron microscopy
Authors: Tanner Hugh , Sherwin Olivia , Verkade Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImaging is one of the key technologies underpinning discoveries in biomedical research. Each imaging technique however usually only provides a specific type of information. For instance, live‐cell imaging using fluorescent tags can show us the dynamics of a system. On the other hand, electron microscopy (EM) gives us better resolution combined with the structural reference space. By applying a combination of light and electron microscopy modalities to a single sample one can exploit the advantages of both techniques in correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). Although CLEM approaches can generate additional insights into the sample that cannot be gained by either technique in isolation, the visualization of the object of interest via markers or probes is still one of the bottlenecks in a Correlative Microscopy workflow. Whereas fluorescence is not directly visible in a standard electron microscope, gold particles, as the most common choice of probe for EM can also only be visualized using specialized light microscopes. In this review we will discuss some of the latest developments of probes for CLEM and some strategies how to choose a probe, discussing pros and cons of specific probes, and ensuring that they function as a dual modality marker.
A counterexample to a conjecture on the chromatic number of r $r$‐stable Kneser hypergraphs
Authors: Daneshpajouh Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet be a set of subsets of and be an integer. The ‐colorability defect of is the least number of elements of that need to be removed such that the remaining ground set can be ‐colored without inducing monochromatic sets in . The set is a subset of containing all elements of such that any two members of are at least at distance apart on the ‐cycle. The main purpose of this note is to give a counterexample to a conjecture raised by Florian Frick, which says if is a set of subsets of and , then the number of blocks needed to partition the elements of such that no pairwise disjoint sets lie in the same block is at least .
Can governments prevent ethnic violence through public goods spending? A cross‐country investigation
Authors: Mousseau Demet Yalcin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how governments' spending on public goods affects the onset of ethnic violence. Do governments make particularistic or public goods spending? And, how do governments' spending behaviour affect the escalation of ethnic violence? This study links the literatures on ethnic competition, rent‐seeking and government impartiality and examines the effect of level of impartiality in the provision of public goods on ethnic violence. It is expected that particularistic policymaking and spending can increase the risk of ethnic violence because it can contribute to horizontal group grievances and rent‐seeking over state resources. Analyses of 152 countries from 1946 to 2010 show that a one‐standard deviation increase in impartial governance of public goods lowers the risk of ethnic violence a substantial 25% to 28% even with consideration of a battery of control variables. To facilitate peace in ethnically divided countries, international policymakers and states should promote impartial policies targeted at the provision of public goods for all communities and groups.
Mechanistic modeling of cation exchange chromatography scale‐up considering packing inhomogeneities
Authors: Koch Jonas , Scheps Daniel , Gunne Matthias , Boscheinen Oliver , Frech Christian 
Published: February 2023

In process development and characterization, the scale‐up of chromatographic steps is a crucial part and brings a number of challenges. Usually, scale‐down models are used to represent the process step, and constant column properties are assumed. The scaling is then typically based on the concept of linear scale‐up. In this work, a mechanistic model describing an anti‐Langmuirian to Langmuirian elution behavior of a polypeptide, calibrated with a pre‐packed 1 ml column, is applied to demonstrate the scalability to larger column volumes up to 28.2 ml. Using individual column parameters for each column size, scaling to similar eluting salt concentrations, peak heights, and shapes is experimentally demonstrated by considering the model's relationship between the normalized gradient slope and the eluting salt concentration. Further scale‐up simulations show improved model predictions when radial inhomogeneities in packing quality are considered.
Combined nuclear magnetic resonance methods in quality control of lubricants in green energy production
Authors: Rudszuck Thomas , Nirschl Hermann , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNMR methods were applied for lubricant analysis. Different factors influence the real aging of lubricants on diverse length scales and are captured by NMR. Chemical conversion of additives is addressed by NMR spectroscopy. High‐field NMR experiments allow the identification and quantification of chemical components and are transferred to benchtop devices. Molecular dynamics and contaminations like fuel or abrasion are addressed via NMR relaxation and diffusion. Quality parameters were extracted via suitable data analysis of NMR raw data, which allow the detection of aging and indicate changes in the oil composition. At the same time, the methodology is optimized to the conditions in quality control. The feasibility is shown the example of a series of lubricants from applications in regenerative energy production, namely, wind turbine oils and biogas motor oils.
Diaphragm excursion correlates with performance and ventilation on the 6‐min walk test in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ho Simon , Rock Kelly , Marchese Victoria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDiaphragm function may be impaired in children with sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that diaphragm function is related to performance and ventilation on the 6‐min walk test (6MWT).MethodsRespiratory muscle testing, diaphragm ultrasonography, and the 6MWT with portable gas analysis were performed on children with SCD and age‐ and sex‐matched controls.ResultsFourteen children with SCD were enrolled. Comparisons were made between nine children with SCD (9.89  2.93 years) and nine controls (10.33  2.35 years). Diaphragm thickness at total lung capacity, thickening fraction, and excursion time during quiet breaths and deep breaths (DB), all normalized by forced vital capacity, were greater in children with SCD ( 0.05 for all). 6MWT distance was shorter in children with SCD (450.87  74.2 m vs. 579.22 72.46 m, 0.01). Tidal volume (), minute ventilation (), and oxygen consumption () were also lower ( 0.05 for all). DB excursion correlated positively with 6MWT distance ( 0.648, 0.023) and negatively with rate of perceived exertion (RPE) ( −0.759, 0.003). RPE correlated negatively with distance ( −0.680, 0.015). DB excursion time correlated positively with distance ( 0.611, 0.035), ( 0.770, 0.009), ( 0.736, 0.015), and ( 0.751, 0.012).ConclusionsIncreased diaphragm excursion may be a strategy used to relieve air hunger while longer excursion time may reflect compensations to increase lung recruitment. Further studies are needed to better understand how these mechanisms affect exercise tolerance in children with SCD.
Reported hepatotoxicity and hepatotoxicity guidance in the product information of protein kinase inhibitors in oncology registered at the European Medicines Agency
Authors: Maliepaard Marc , Faber Yoran S. , van Bussel Mark T. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) used in oncology can induce severe and even fatal hepatotoxicity. Several PKIs are registered within a certain class to target a specific kinase. No systematic comparison of the reported hepatotoxicity and clinical guidance for monitoring and management of hepatotoxic events between the various PKI summaries of product characteristics (SmPC) is yet available. A systematic analysis of data on 21 hepatotoxicity parameters obtained from the SmPCs and European public assessment reports (EPARs) of European Medicines Agency‐approved antineoplastic PKIs (n = 55) has been conducted. The median reported incidence (range) of all grades of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations was 16.9% (2.0%–86.4%) for PKI monotherapy, with 2.1% (0.0%–10.3%) being grade 3/4 and for all grades alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations 17.6% (2.0%–85.5%), with 3.0% (0.0%–25.0%) being grade 3/4. Fatalities due to hepatotoxicity were reported for 22 out of 47 PKIs (monotherapy) and for 5 out of 8 PKIs (combination therapy). A maximum grade of grade 4 and grade 3 hepatotoxicity was reported for 45% (n = 25) and 6% (n = 3), respectively. Liver parameter monitoring recommendations were present in 47 of the 55 SmPCs. Dose reductions were recommended for 18 PKIs. Discontinuation was recommended for patients meeting Hy's law criteria (16 out of 55 SmPCs). Severe hepatotoxic events are reported in approximately 50% of the analyzed SmPCs and EPARs. Differences in the degree of hepatotoxicity are apparent. Although liver parameter monitoring recommendations are present in the vast majority of the analyzed PKI SmPCs, the clinical guidance for hepatotoxicity was not standardized.
Regulation of Interfacial Lattice Oxygen Activity by Full‐Surface Modification Engineering towards Long Cycling Stability for Co‐Free Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathode
Authors: Guo Weibin , Zhang Yinggan , Lin Liang , Liu Yuanyuan , Fan Mengjian , Gao Guiyang , Wang Shihao , Sa Baisheng , Lin Jie , Luo Qing , Qu Baihua , Wang Laisen , Shi Ji , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe construction of a protective layer for stabilizing anion redox reaction is the key to obtaining long cycling stability for Li‐rich Mn‐based cathode materials. However, the protection of the exposed surface/interface of the primary particles inside the secondary particles is usually ignored and difficult, let alone the investigation of the impact of the surface engineering of the internal primary particles on the cycling stability. In this work, an efficient method to regulate cycling stability is proposed by simply adjusting the distribution state of the boron nickel complexes coating layer. Theoretical calculation and experimental results display that the full‐surface boron nickel complexes coating layer can not only passivate the activity of interface oxygen and improve its stability but also play the role of sharing voltage and protective layer to gradually activate the oxygen redox reaction during cycling. As a result, the elaborately designed cobalt‐free Li‐rich Mn‐based cathode displays the highest discharge‐specific capacity retentions of 91.1% after 400 cycles at 1 C and 94.3% even after 800 cycles at 5 C. In particular, the regulation strategy has well universality and is suitable for other high‐capacity Li‐rich cathode materials.
A maturity model for the autonomy of manufacturing systems
Authors: Mo Fan , Monetti Fabio Marco , Torayev Agajan , Rehman Hamood Ur , Mulet Alberola Jose A. , Rea Minango Nathaly , Nguyen Hien Ngoc , Maffei Antonio , Chaplin Jack C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern manufacturing has to cope with dynamic and changing circumstances. Market fluctuations, the effects caused by unpredictable material shortages, highly variable product demand, and worker availability all require system robustness, flexibility, and resilience. To adapt to these new requirements, manufacturers should consider investigating, investing in, and implementing system autonomy. Autonomy is being adopted in multiple industrial contexts, but divergences arise when formalizing the concept of autonomous systems. To develop an implementation of autonomous manufacturing systems, it is essential to specify what autonomy means, how autonomous manufacturing systems are different from other autonomous systems, and how autonomous manufacturing systems are identified and achieved through the main features and enabling technologies. With a comprehensive literature review, this paper provides a definition of autonomy in the manufacturing context, infers the features of autonomy from different engineering domains, and presents a five-level model of autonomy — associated with maturity levels for the features — to ensure the complete identification and evaluation of autonomous manufacturing systems. The paper also presents the evaluation of a real autonomous system that serves as a use-case and a validation of the model.
The role of European municipalities and regions in financing energy upgrades in buildings
Authors: Economidou Marina , Della Valle Nives , Melica Giulia , Bertoldi Paolo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnergy efficiency in buildings has a central role to play in reaching the climate neutrality goal set by the European Green Deal. With detailed knowledge of their building stock and the profile of their occupants, regional and local authorities can forge an important link between financiers, industry professionals and homeowners to ensure the successful deployment of financial schemes that support the uptake of energy efficiency upgrades. This paper provides a first assessment of the role of regional and local authorities by reviewing relevant initiatives and programmes on energy efficiency. Based on a questionnaire completed for more than 150 schemes, it explores how European municipalities and regions stimulate energy upgrades in residential, commercial and public buildings through public financial support. It is found that 60% of the examined schemes are offered in the form of grants and subsidies, and 45% of them targeted residential upgrades. The use of EU cohesion policy funds in supporting regional schemes, and promotion of energy efficiency investments at local level through the European Covenant of Mayors initiative are also explored. In spite of possible resource limitations at this level of governance, regional and local authorities are in a good position to utilise European structural or research funds to develop financial schemes, as standalone programmes or blended with national ones, thus providing additional support and funds for deep renovations. The results suggest that energy efficiency in buildings has become an important part of local and regional strategies in several European countries, but could be further enhanced.
cleAR: an interoperable architecture for multi-user AR-based school curricula
Authors: Masneri Stefano , Domínguez Ana , Sanz Miguel , Zorrilla Mikel , Larrañaga Mikel , Arruarte Ana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough there are some experiences that demonstrate the validity of the use of augmented reality in schools to help students understand and retain complex concepts, augmented reality has not been widely adopted in the education sector yet. This is in part because it is hard to use augmented reality applications in collaborative learning scenarios and to integrate them in the existing school curricula. In this work, we present an interoperable architecture that simplifies the creation of augmented reality applications, enables multi-user student collaboration and provides advanced mechanisms for data analysis and visualization. A review of the literature together with a survey answered by 47 primary and secondary school teachers allowed us to identify the design objectives of cleAR, an architecture for augmented reality-based collaborative educational applications. cleAR has been validated through the development of three proofs of concept. cleAR provides a more mature technological ecosystem that will foster the emergence of augmented reality applications for education and their inclusion in existing school programs.
Disentangling causality: assumptions in causal discovery and inference
Authors: Vonk Maarten C. , Malekovic Ninoslav , Bäck Thomas , Kononova Anna V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCausality has been a burgeoning field of research leading to the point where the literature abounds with different components addressing distinct parts of causality. For researchers, it has been increasingly difficult to discern the assumptions they have to abide by in order to glean sound conclusions from causal concepts or methods. This paper aims to disambiguate the different causal concepts that have emerged in causal inference and causal discovery from observational data by attributing them to different levels of Pearl’s Causal Hierarchy. We will provide the reader with a comprehensive arrangement of assumptions necessary to engage in causal reasoning at the desired level of the hierarchy. Therefore, the assumptions underlying each of these causal concepts will be emphasized and their concomitant graphical components will be examined. We show which assumptions are necessary to bridge the gaps between causal discovery, causal identification and causal inference from a parametric and a non-parametric perspective. Finally, this paper points to further research areas related to the strong assumptions that researchers have glibly adopted to take part in causal discovery, causal identification and causal inference.