bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling urban systems transformations: co-developing national and local strategies
Authors: Webb Robert , O’Donnell Tayanah , Auty Kate , Bai Xuemei , Barnett Guy , Costanza Robert , Dodson Jago , Newman Peter , Newton Peter , Robson Eleanor , Ryan Chris , Stafford Smith Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransformative urban development is urgent to achieve future sustainable development and wellbeing. Transformation can benefit from shared and cumulative learning on strategies to guide urban development across local to national scales, while also reflecting the complex emergent nature of urban systems, and the need for context-specific and place-based solutions. The article addresses this challenge, drawing on extensive transdisciplinary engagement and National Strategy co-development processes for Australia. This includes generation of two frameworks as boundary objects to assist such transdisciplinary strategy development. An ‘enabling urban systems transformation’ framework comprises four generic overarching transformation enablers and a set of necessary underpinning urban capacities. This also built cumulatively on other sustainability and urban transformation studies. A complementary ‘knowledge for urban systems transformation’ framework comprises key knowledge themes that can support an integrated systems approach to mission-focused urban transformations, such as decarbonising cities. The article provides insights on the transdisciplinary processes, urban systems frameworks, and scoping of key strategies that may help those developing transformation strategies from local to national scales.Science highlights• Transdisciplinary national urban strategy development is used to distil generic frameworks and strategy scopes with potential international application.• The frameworks also build on other published framings to support convergent, cumulative and transdisciplinary urban science.• The ‘enabling transformations’ and ‘urban knowledge’ frameworks include the perspective of those developing sustainable urban systems strategies.• The enabling framework also informs ‘National Urban Policy’ and ‘Knowledge and Innovation Hub’ strategies, and prevailing power imbalances.• The knowledge framework can help frame urban challenges, missions and knowledge programs.Policy and practice recommendations• An urban ‘transformation imperative’ and ‘strategic response’ can be co-developed from local to national scales.• Local initiative is crucial to drive urban strategies, but sustained national leadership with coherent policy across sectors and scales is also key.• Diversity in engagement participation and processes generates whole-of-urban-systems and local-to-national perspectives.• Urban solutions are context-specific but generic frameworks can help collaborative issue framing and responses.• Collaborative issue framing informed by generic frameworks can bring broader perspectives to context-specific and contested policy and practice issues.
The effect of Parkinson’s disease on total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yoon Jung-Ro , Yoon Tae-Hyuck , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on clinical outcomes and complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our systematic review was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) does TKA negatively affect clinical outcomes in patients with PD? and (2) does TKA cause more complications in patients with PD?

Methods
A rigorous and systematic approach was used, and each selected study was evaluated for methodological quality. Data on study design, total number of cases enrolled, follow-up duration, PD severity, clinical outcome, and complications after TKA were analyzed.

Results
Fourteen studies were included. Nine studies reported clinical scores. TKA significantly increased knee and functional scores in the PD group. However, compared with knee and functional scores in the non-PD group, the increase in scores in the PD group was not statistically significant, but tended to be less than that in the non-PD group. Eleven studies reported complications. In six studies, there was no difference in the complication rate between the PD and non-PD group or did not include a control group. In five studies, the PD group had higher medical complication rates and similar or higher surgical complication rates than the non-PD group.

Conclusions
Patients with PD who underwent TKA showed satisfactory functional improvement and pain reduction. However, these outcomes were not as good as those in the non-PD group. The PD group had a higher probability of occurrence of medical complications than the non-PD group. Further, the PD group had a similar or higher surgical complication rate than the non-PD group.
Fault tree analysis for subway fire evacuation with agent-based modeling
Authors: Qiao Yaning , Weng Yikai , Shi Xiaobo , Zhu Zongyou , Li Changyun , Zhang Xumiao , Liu Jiankun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the process of the continuous development of subway construction, the safe evacuation of subway passengers has been paid much attention to. As the subway itself has the characteristics of limited space and high passenger density, once a fire emergency occurs, it can cause huge losses only by passive rescue. Therefore, it is important to actively plan for evacuation to reduce life and property losses due to fires in subways. This study aims to develop a fault tree analysis method for identifying scenarios that lead to evacuation failure in subways due to impassability incurred by fires. First, a virtual evacuation model is established using an agent modeling technique, with collected passenger characteristics to calibrate local evacuation behaviors. Then, fire impassability scenarios (e.g. fire(s) in the escalator(s), in emergency stairs, or the combination) are evaluated using the established agent model. Eventually, a fault tree analysis is constructed to identify scenarios that lead to evacuation failures. The research results show that the passability of escalator(s) is critical for subway fire resilience. It is important to use stationary escalator(s) as evacuation pathways for more evacuation capacity. Fire risk management around escalator(s) should be stricter. Passengers and staff are advised to learn how to stop a running escalator to avoid evacuation failures.
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD): a distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) study
Authors: Gabr Takwa , Elakkad Mona A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is characterized by normal OHCs function as shown by intact cochlear microphonics (CMs) and/or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs); absent or grossly abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and absent middle ear muscle reflexes. This study is designed to address whether the input/output function of distortion product OAEs (DPOAEs I/O) in ANSD patients is similar or different from normal hearing subjects. This work included 2 groups: control group (GI) composed of 20 normal hearing subjects and study group (GII) consisted of 20 patients with ANSD. All cases were subjected to basic audiological evaluation, DPOAEs I/O function recorded at four frequencies of 2f1-f2 and 5 intensity levels of L1 and L2.

Results
DPOAEs amplitudes were significantly higher in ANSD group when compared with control. The pattern of DPOAEs I/O function was different in ANSD and it was dependent on the frequency and intensity of the stimulus.

Conclusions
Despite normal DPOAEs recordings in ANSD patients, their amplitudes and DP I/O function are different from that of normal hearing subjects. This finding suggested different OHC pattern of activity in ANSD patients.
Impacts of vitamin C and D supplement on COVID-19 treatment: possible patho-mechanisms and evidence from different countries
Authors: Ahmed Sohel , Hossain Mehrin , Chakrabortty Deepita , Arafat Kazi Ifthi , Hosen Mohammad Jakir , Khan Mohammad Mizanur Rahman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A balanced diet and nutrition greatly influence our immune system’s ability and regulate the risk and severity of infections. This review presented the possible patho-mechanisms of vitamins C and D in COVID-19 immunity.

Main body
Deregulation of the immune system including the decreased level of immune boosters is invariably reported in COVID-19. Vitamin C and vitamin D are among the immune boosters; homeostasis of those was found essential for fighting against the viruses, and COVID-19 is no exception. Statistical data strengthens the statements put forth on the effects of these vitamins regarding the complications, symptoms, and mortality.

Short conclusion
A comprehensive literature review revealed that vitamin C helps to reduce and in some cases eradicate the particular symptoms that pose major risks of COVID-19 while balanced vitamin D content in COVID-19 patients has been proved to possess a negative correlation with mortality.
Liaison psychiatry practitioners’ views on accessing aftercare and psychological therapies for patients who present to hospital following self-harm: multi-site interview study
Authors: Quinlivan Leah , Gorman Louise , Marks Stephen , Monaghan Elizabeth , Asmal Sadika , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Nav 
Published: February 2023

Background
Timely provision of aftercare following self-harm may reduce risks of repetition and premature death, but existing services are frequently reported as being inadequate.

Aims
To explore barriers and facilitators to accessing aftercare and psychological therapies for patients presenting to hospital following self-harm, from the perspective of liaison psychiatry practitioners.

Method
Between March 2019 and December 2020, we interviewed 51 staff members across 32 liaison psychiatry services in England. We used thematic analyses to interpret the interview data.

Results
Barriers to accessing services may heighten risk of further self-harm for patients and burnout for staff. Barriers included: perceived risk, exclusionary thresholds, long waiting times, siloed working and bureaucracy. Strategies to increase access to aftercare included: (a) improving assessments and care plans via input from skilled staff working in multidisciplinary teams (e.g. including social workers and clinical psychologists); (b) supporting staff to focus on assessments as therapeutic intervention; (c) probing boundaries and involving senior staff to negotiate risk and advocate for patients; and (d) building relationships and integration across services.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight practitioners’ views on barriers to accessing aftercare and strategies to circumvent some of these impediments. Provision of aftercare and psychological therapies as part of the liaison psychiatry service were deemed as an essential mechanism for optimising patient safety and experience and staff well-being. To close treatment gaps and reduce inequalities, it is important to work closely with staff and patients, learn from experiences of good practice and implement change more widely across services.
Ocular Drug Delivery: a Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ahmed Sadek , Amin Maha M. , Sayed Sinar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The human eye is a sophisticated organ with distinctive anatomy and physiology that hinders the passage of drugs into targeted ophthalmic sites. Effective topical administration is an interest of scientists for many decades. Their difficult mission is to prolong drug residence time and guarantee an appropriate ocular permeation. Several ocular obstacles oppose effective drug delivery such as precorneal, corneal, and blood-corneal barriers. Routes for ocular delivery include topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar. More than 95% of marketed products exists in liquid state. However, other products could be in semi-solid (ointments and gels), solid state (powder, insert and lens), or mixed (in situ gel). Nowadays, attractiveness to nanotechnology-based carries is resulted from their capabilities to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhance ocular permeability, sustain residence time, improve drug stability, and augment bioavailability. Different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization approaches help to predict the outcomes of the constructed nanocarriers. This review aims to clarify anatomy of the eye, various ocular diseases, and obstacles to ocular delivery. Moreover, it studies the advantages and drawbacks of different ocular routes of administration and dosage forms. This review also discusses different nanostructured platforms and their characterization approaches. Strategies to enhance ocular bioavailability are also explained. Finally, recent advances in ocular delivery are described.
Graphical Abstract
Preinjury Social Determinants of Health Disparities Predict Postinjury Psychosocial Conditions in Adult Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injuries
Authors: Maasarani Samantha , DeLeonibus Anthony , Wee Corinne , Leavitt Tripp , Lee Christina D. , Khalid Syed I. , Layon Sarah , Gharb Bahar Bassiri , Rampazzo Antonio , Noland Shelley S. 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries (TBPIs) are life-altering events that can have detrimental effects on a patient's quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine how social determinants of health (SDOH) disparities influence the risk of developing new psychosocial conditions after TBPIs in previously psychiatric-naïve patients.

METHODS:
Between January 2010 and June 2019, a retrospective analysis was performed using PearlDiver's Mariner, an all-payer claims database, to create 3 cohorts: TBPI disparity cohort: patients with TBPI and presence of at least 1 SDOH disparity before injury, TBPI without disparity cohort: patients with TBPI and the absence of any SDOH disparity, and control cohort: patients without TBPIs.

RESULTS:
The matched population analyzed in this study consisted of 1176 patients who were equally represented in the TBPI disparity cohort (n = 392, 33.33%), TBPI without disparity cohort (n = 392, 33.33%), and control cohort (n = 392, 33.33%). A total of 301 patients developed any psychosocial condition with 4 years of their injury. Patients in the TBPI disparity cohort had significantly higher rates of developing any psychosocial condition (31.12%, P < .0005), depression (22.70%, P = .0032), anxiety (18.62%, P = .0203), drug abuse (7.91%, P = .0060), and alcohol abuse (4.85%, P = .03499) when compared with the other cohorts. Furthermore, the disparity cohort carried a significantly increased risk of developing any psychosocial condition (hazard ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.09-1.86). The rates of suicide attempt, post-traumatic stress disorder, and divorce did not significantly differ between groups.

CONCLUSION:
TBPI patients with SDOH disparities are at increased risk of developing new-onset psychosocial conditions, such as depression, anxiety, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III.
Drosophila Tropomodulin is required for multiple actin-dependent processes within developing myofibers
Authors: Zapater Carolina , Carman Peter J. , Soffar David B. , Windner Stefanie E. , Dominguez Roberto , Baylies Mary K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Proper muscle contraction requires the assembly and maintenance of sarcomeres and myofibrils. Although the protein components of myofibrils are generally known, less is known about the mechanisms by which they individually function and together synergize for myofibril assembly and maintenance. For example, it is unclear how the disruption of actin filament (F-actin) regulatory proteins leads to the muscle weakness observed in myopathies. Here, we show that knockdown of Drosophila Tropomodulin (Tmod), results in several myopathy-related phenotypes, including reduction of muscle cell (myofiber) size, increased sarcomere length, disorganization and misorientation of myofibrils, ectopic F-actin accumulation, loss of tension-mediating proteins at the myotendinous junction, and misshaped and internalized nuclei. Our findings support and extend the tension-driven self-organizing myofibrillogenesis model. We show that, like its mammalian counterpart, Drosophila Tmod caps F-actin pointed-ends, and we propose that this activity is crucial for cellular processes in different locations within the myofiber that directly and indirectly contribute to the maintenance of muscle function. Our findings provide significant insights to the role of Tmod in muscle development, maintenance and disease.
Tellu – an object-detector algorithm for automatic classification of intestinal organoids
Authors: Domènech-Moreno Eva , Brandt Anders , Lemmetyinen Toni T. , Wartiovaara Linnea , Mäkelä Tomi P. , Ollila Saara 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Intestinal epithelial organoids recapitulate many of the in vivo features of the intestinal epithelium, thus representing excellent research models. Morphology of the organoids based on light-microscopy images is used as a proxy to assess the biological state of the intestinal epithelium. Currently, organoid classification is manual and, therefore, subjective and time consuming, hampering large-scale quantitative analyses. Here, we describe Tellu, an object–detector algorithm trained to classify cultured intestinal organoids. Tellu was trained by manual annotation of &gt;20,000 intestinal organoids to identify cystic non-budding organoids, early organoids, late organoids and spheroids. Tellu can also be used to quantify the relative organoid size, and can classify intestinal organoids into these four subclasses with accuracy comparable to that of trained scientists but is significantly faster and without bias. Tellu is provided as an open, user-friendly online tool to benefit the increasing number of investigations using organoids through fast and unbiased organoid morphology and size analysis.
Activated PI3K delta syndrome 1 mutations cause neutrophilia in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Elworthy Stone , Rutherford Holly A. , Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Hamilton Noémie M. , Vogt Katja , Renshaw Stephen A. , Condliffe Alison M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
People with activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome 1 (APDS1) suffer from immune deficiency and severe bronchiectasis. APDS1 is caused by dominant activating mutations of the PIK3CD gene that encodes the PI3 kinase delta (PI3Kδ) catalytic subunit. Despite the importance of innate immunity defects in bronchiectasis, there has been limited investigation of neutrophils or macrophages in APDS1 patients or mouse models. Zebrafish embryos provide an ideal system to study neutrophils and macrophages. We used CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cpf1, with oligonucleotide-directed homologous repair, to engineer zebrafish equivalents of the two most prevalent human APDS1 disease mutations. These zebrafish pik3cd alleles dominantly caused excessive neutrophilic inflammation in a tail-fin injury model. They also resulted in total body neutrophilia in the absence of any inflammatory stimulus but normal numbers of macrophages. Exposure of zebrafish to the PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 reversed the total body neutrophilia. There was no apparent defect in neutrophil maturation or migration, and tail-fin regeneration was unimpaired. Overall, the finding is of enhanced granulopoeisis, in the absence of notable phenotypic change in neutrophils and macrophages.
Thermoregulatory trade-offs underlie the effects of warming summer temperatures on deer mice
Authors: Flewwelling Luke D. , Wearing Oliver H. , Garrett Emily J. , Scott Graham R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTClimate warming could challenge the ability of endotherms to thermoregulate and maintain normal body temperature (Tb), but the effects of warming summer temperatures on activity and thermoregulatory physiology in many small mammals remain poorly understood. We examined this issue in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), an active nocturnal species. Mice were exposed in the lab to simulated seasonal warming, in which an environmentally realistic diel cycle of ambient temperature (Ta) was gradually warmed from spring conditions to summer conditions (controls were maintained in spring conditions). Activity (voluntary wheel running) and Tb (implanted bio-loggers) were measured throughout, and indices of thermoregulatory physiology (thermoneutral zone, thermogenic capacity) were assessed after exposure. In control mice, activity was almost entirely restricted to the night-time, and Tb fluctuated ∼1.7°C between daytime lows and night-time highs. Activity, body mass and food consumption were reduced and water consumption was increased in later stages of summer warming. This was accompanied by strong Tb dysregulation that culminated in a complete reversal of the diel pattern of Tb variation, with Tb reaching extreme highs (∼40°C) during daytime heat but extreme lows (∼34°C) at cooler night-time temperatures. Summer warming was also associated with reduced ability to generate body heat, as reflected by decreased thermogenic capacity and decreased mass and uncoupling protein (UCP1) content of brown adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that thermoregulatory trade-offs associated with daytime heat exposure can affect Tb and activity at cooler night-time temperatures, impacting the ability of nocturnal mammals to perform behaviours important for fitness in the wild.
Drink safely: common swifts (Apus apus) dissipate mechanical energy to decrease flight speed before touch-and-go drinking
Authors: Ruaux Geoffrey , Monmasson Kyra , Hedrick Tyson L. , Lumineau Sophie , de Margerie Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTFlight is an efficient way of transport over a unit of distance, but it can be very costly over each unit of time, and reducing flight energy expenditure is a major selective pressure in birds. The common swift (Apus apus) is one of the most aerial bird species, performing most behaviours in flight: foraging, sleeping and also drinking by regularly descending to various waterbodies and skimming over the surface. An energy-saving way to perform such touch-and-go drinking would be to strive to conserve mechanical energy, by transforming potential energy to kinetic energy during the gliding descent, touching water at high speed, and regaining height with minimal muscular work. Using 3D optical tracking, we recorded 163 swift drinking trajectories, over three waterbodies near Rennes, France. Contrary to the energy conservation hypothesis, we show that swifts approaching a waterbody with a higher mechanical energy (higher height and/or speed 5 s before contact) do not reach the water at higher speeds, but do brake, i.e. dissipate mechanical energy to lose both height and speed. Braking seems to be linked with sharp turns and the use of headwind to some extent, but finer turns and postural adjustments, beyond the resolving power of our tracking data, could also be involved. We hypothesize that this surprisingly costly behaviour results from a trade-off between energy expenditure and safety, because approaching a water surface requires fine motor control, and high speed increases the risk of falling into the water, which would have serious energetic and survival costs for a swift.