bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Perspective on Developing Modeling and Image Analysis Tools to Investigate Mechanosensing Proteins
Authors: Ouderkirk Stephanie , Sedley Alex , Ong Mason , Shifflet Mary Ruth , Harkrider Quinn C , Wright Nathan T , Miller Callie J 
Published: August 2023

Synopsis
The shift of funding organizations to prioritize interdisciplinary work points to the need for workflow models that better accommodate interdisciplinary studies. Most scientists are trained in a specific field and are often unaware of the kind of insights that other disciplines could contribute to solving various problems. In this paper, we present a perspective on how we developed an experimental pipeline between a microscopy and image analysis/bioengineering lab. Specifically, we connected microscopy observations about a putative mechanosensing protein, obscurin, to image analysis techniques that quantify cell changes. While the individual methods used are well established (fluorescence microscopy; ImageJ WEKA and mTrack2 programs; MATLAB), there are no existing best practices for how to integrate these techniques into a cohesive, interdisciplinary narrative. Here, we describe a broadly applicable workflow of how microscopists can more easily quantify cell properties (e.g., perimeter, velocity) from microscopy videos of eukaryotic (MDCK) adherent cells. Additionally, we give examples of how these foundational measurements can create more complex, customizable cell mechanics tools and models.
Implementation of the national antimicrobial stewardship competencies for UK undergraduate healthcare professional education within undergraduate pharmacy programmes: a survey of UK schools of pharmacy
Authors: Hamilton Ryan A , Courtenay Molly , Frost Kevin J , Harrison Roger , Root Helen , Allison David G , Tonna Antonella P , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Aldeyab Mamoon A , Shemilt Katherine , Martin Sandra J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Consensus-based national AMS competencies for undergraduate healthcare professionals in the UK reflect the increasing emphasis on competency-based healthcare professional education. However, the extent to which these are included within undergraduate pharmacy education programmes in the UK is unknown.

Objectives
To explore which of the AMS competencies are delivered, including when and at which level, within UK undergraduate MPharm programmes.

Methods
A cross-sectional online questionnaire captured the level of study of the MPharm programme in which each competency was taught, the method of delivery and assessment of AMS education, and examples of student feedback.

Results
Ten institutions completed the survey (33% response rate). No institution reported covering all 54 AMS competencies and 5 of these were taught at half or fewer of the institutions. Key gaps were identified around taking samples, communication, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy and surgical prophylaxis. The minimum time dedicated to AMS teaching differed between institutions (range 9–119 h), teaching was generally through didactic methods, and assessment was generally through knowledge recall and objective structured clinical examinations. Feedback from students suggests they find AMS and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to be complex yet important topics.

Conclusions
UK schools of pharmacy should utilize the competency framework to identify gaps in their AMS, AMR and infection teaching. To prepare newly qualified pharmacists to be effective at delivering AMS and prescribing antimicrobials, schools of pharmacy should utilize more simulated environments and clinical placements for education and assessment of AMS.
A crucial stem cell plasticity regulation pathway: identification of key elements using the NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cell line
Authors: Nozaki Sae , Hirai Yohei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpon removal of stemness factors, a small subpopulation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) spontaneously extrudes the t-SNARE protein syntaxin-4, which upregulates the cell adhesion molecule P-cadherin and induces the onset of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like behaviors with loss of stemness in each cell. In this study, we identified a series of molecular elements responsible for this phenomenon using several small-molecule inhibitors and the human embryonic carcinoma cell line, NCCIT. We found that the syntaxin-4–triggered morphological changes and a decrease in stemness signatures were independently induced by the activation of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and the abrogation of PI3K/Akt signaling. We also found that the extracellular expression of syntaxin-4 inactivated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in association with the augmented expression of P-cadherin, and comparable controls of either of these downstream elements of syntaxin-4 accelerated both ROCK-induced F-actin stress fiber formation and P13K/Akt–suppressed loss of stemness signatures. Cells expressing P-cadherin inactivated FAK but FAK inhibition did not affect P-cadherin expression, demonstrating a causal relationship between P-cadherin and FAK in the event of syntaxin-4 induction. These results reveal a novel signaling axis in stem cells and shed new light on the crucial elements for stem cell plasticity and the maintenance of stemness.
An established population of Asian longhorned ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Ohio, USA
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Beckett Julia , Bai Ningzhu , Pesapane Risa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We describe the first known established Asian longhorned tick (ALT) (Acari: Ixodidae: Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) population in Ohio, USA. In mid-summer 2021, we collected ALTs from an infested pasture in response to an alert that grazing cattle had been infested with ticks, and 3 of them had died. No ALTs were reported following pesticide treatment of the pasture in fall 2021. In the laboratory, we identified 9,287 ticks to species, representing all 3 life stages, as ALTs and tested 100 of the adult females for infectious agents relevant to human and animal health, including Theileria orientalis, a cattle disease agent. Eight field-collected ticks were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (n = 100, 8%); no other infectious agents were detected. Active environmental surveillance showed the return of ALTs in June 2022 despite the tick control efforts in 2021. As ALTs continue to expand their range in the United States, active and passive surveillance studies will be needed to characterize their evolving role in human and animal health.
Refugee Mobilization in the Nepal–India Borderlands: Porosity as Opportunity
Authors: Banki Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For more than a decade, the India–Nepal border played a central role as a site of resistance for Bhutan’s refugees. It served as a conduit through which materials and information were exchanged and demonstrations were planned and carried out. Key to the undertaking of these activities was the border’s porosity, which, I argue, is an overlooked opportunity structure in homeland activism. In this article, I draw on borderland theories and empirical evidence from homeland activism carried out by Bhutan’s refugees to elucidate the ways that porosity and opportunity intersect. I identify three mechanisms through which porosity aids not only refugee movement but also refugee mobilization. First, porosity’s path dependence lays the groundwork for critical connections with activist affiliates. Second, porosity enables bi-directional flows of information that aid the work of documentation. Third, porosity improves the likelihood of relative resources into which activist refugees can tap. These mechanisms rely on the physical, social, and symbolic aspects of borderlands.
‘Be a gen’l’m’n and a Conserwative Sammy’: Political Remediations of the Pickwick Papers in the Provincial Press (1836–1837)
Authors: Holdway Katie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Throughout its serial run, Charles Dickens’s Pickwick Papers (1836–7), was repurposed hundreds of times by the provincial press. From acting as innocuous filler material to making strategic political statements, provincial newspaper editors evoked, excerpted and adapted Pickwick as quickly as Dickens was penning the instalments, showing a keen responsiveness to political topicalities relevant to their reading communities. This article contends that these types of journalistic re-use benefit from being read collectively as a form of remediation, defined by Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin as ‘the formal logic by which new media refashion prior media forms’. It argues that these remediations are vital to understanding the politics of the provincial press because they became one method through which provincial newspapers articulated a localised response to the national political debates that raged following the 1832 Reform Act. As well as reflecting the political priorities of specific communities, these remediations nuance our understanding of Pickwick’s popularity by drawing attention to aspects of its construction that lent themselves to re-use. While explicit engagement with party politics is conspicuously absent from Pickwick, provincial editors capitalised upon this generality and imbued their re-workings of the serial with a partisanship that Dickens himself avoided, while using his name to substantiate and authorise their own pieces. In this respect, these remediations invite us to place Pickwick at the heart of political debate in the papers, by foregrounding the close relationship between newspaper politics, serial literature, and provincial identity in the 1830s.
DESI and DECaLS (D&D): galaxy–galaxy lensing measurements with 1 per cent survey and its forecast
Authors: Yao Ji , Shan Huanyuan , Zhang Pengjie , Jullo Eric , Kneib Jean-Paul , Yu Yu , Zu Ying , Brooks David , de la Macorra Axel , Doel Peter , Font-Ribera Andreu , Gontcho Satya Gontcho A , Kisner Theodore , Landriau Martin , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Nie Jundan , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Schubnell Michael , Vargas Magana Mariana , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The shear measurement from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS) provides an excellent opportunity for galaxy–galaxy lensing study with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) galaxies, given the large (∼9000 deg2) sky overlap. We explore this potential by combining the DESI 1 per cent survey and DECaLS Data Release 8 (DR8). With ∼106 deg2 sky overlap, we achieve significant detection of galaxy–galaxy lensing for Bright Galaxy Survey (BGS) and luminous red galaxy (LRG) as lenses. Scaled to the full BGS sample, we expect the statistical errors to improve from $18(12)\,{\rm per \ cent}$ to a promising level of $2(1.3)\,{\rm per \ cent}$ at $\theta \gt 8\,\mathrm{ arcmin} \, (\lt 8\,\mathrm{ arcmin})$. This brings stronger requirements for future systematics control. To fully realize such potential, we need to control the residual multiplicative shear bias |m| &lt; 0.006 and the bias in the mean redshift |Δz| &lt; 0.008, requiring the introduced bias in the measurement is &lt;0.31σ. We also expect significant detection of galaxy–galaxy lensing with DESI LRG/emission line galaxy (ELG) full samples as lenses, and cosmic magnification of ELG through cross-correlation with low-redshift DECaLS shear. If such systematical error control can be achieved, we find the advantages of DECaLS, comparing with the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS) and the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), are at low redshift, large scale, and in measuring the shear ratio (to σR ∼ 0.04) and cosmic magnification.
Statistical analysis of the onset temperature of solar flares in 2010–2011
Authors: da Silva Douglas Félix , Hui Li , Simões Paulo J A , Valio Adriana , Costa Joaquim E R , Hudson Hugh S , Fletcher Lyndsay , Hayes Laura A , Hannah Iain G 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Understanding the physical processes that trigger solar flares is paramount to help with forecasting space weather and mitigating the effects on our technological infrastructure. A previously unknown phenomenon was recently identified in solar flares: the plasma temperature, derived from soft X-ray (SXR) data, at the onset of four flares, was revealed to be in the range 10–15 MK, without evidence of gradual heating. To investigate how common the hot-onset phenomenon may be, we extend this investigation to solar flares of B1.2–X6.9 classes recorded by the X-ray Sensor (XRS) onboard the GOES-14 and GOES-15 satellites between 2010 and 2011. For this statistical study, we employed the same methodology as in recent work, where the pre-flare SXR flux of each flare is obtained manually, and the temperature and emission measure values are obtained by the flux ratio of the two GOES/XRS channels using the standard software. From 3224 events listed in the GOES flare catalogue for 2010–2011, we have selected and analysed 745 events for which the flare heliographic location was provided in the list, to investigate centre-to-limb effects of the hot-onset phenomenon. Our results show that 559 out of 745 flares (75 per cent) exhibit an onset temperature above 8.6 MK (the first quartile), with respective log10 of the emission measure values between 46.0–47.25 cm−3, indicating that small amounts of plasma are quickly heated to high temperatures. These results suggest that the hot-onset phenomenon is very common in solar flares.
A conditional abundance matching method of extending simulated halo merger trees to resolve low-mass progenitors and subhalos
Authors: Chen Yangyao , Mo H J , Li Cheng , Wang Kai , Wang Huiyuan , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an algorithm to extend subhalo merger trees in a low-resolution dark-matter-only simulation by conditionally matching them to those in a high-resolution simulation. The algorithm is general and can be applied to simulation data with different resolutions using different target variables. We instantiate the algorithm by a case in which trees from ELUCID, a constrained simulation of $(500\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc})^3$ volume of the local universe, are extended by matching trees from TNGDark, a simulation with much higher resolution. Our tests show that the extended trees are statistically equivalent to the high-resolution trees in the joint distribution of subhalo quantities and in important summary statistics relevant to modelling galaxy formation and evolution in halos. The extended trees preserve certain information of individual systems in the target simulation, including properties of resolved satellite subhalos, and shapes and orientations of their host halos. With the extension, subhalo merger trees in a cosmological scale simulation are extrapolated to a mass resolution comparable to that in a higher resolution simulation carried out in a smaller volume, which can be used as the input for (sub)halo-based models of galaxy formation. The source code of the algorithm, and halo merger trees extended to a mass resolution of $\sim 2 \times 10^8 \, h^{-1}\, {\rm M_\odot}$ in the entire ELUCID simulation, are available.
On the spatial distribution of electron energy loss due to gyro-cooling in hot star magnetospheres
Authors: Das B , Owocki S P 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Hot magnetic stars often exhibit incoherent circularly polarized radio emission thought to arise from gyro-synchrotron emission by energetic electrons trapped in the circumstellar magnetosphere. Theoretical scalings for electron acceleration by magnetic reconnection driven by centrifugal breakout match well the empirical scalings for observed radio luminosity with both the magnetic field strength and the stellar rotation rate. This paper now examines how energetic electrons introduced near the top of closed magnetic loops are subsequently cooled by the energy loss associated with their gyro-synchrotron radio emission. For sample assumed distributions for energetic electron deposition about the loop apex, we derive the spatial distribution of the radiated energy from such ‘gyro-cooling’. For sub-relativistic electrons, we show explicitly that this is independent of the input energy, but also find that even extensions to the relativistic regime still yield a quite similar spatial distribution. However, cooling by Coulomb collisions with even a modest ambient density of thermal electrons can effectively quench the emission from sub-relativistic electrons, indicating that the observed radio emission likely stems from relativistic electrons that are less affected by such collisional cooling. The overall results form an initial basis for computing radio emission spectra in future models that account for such cooling and multimode excitation about the fundamental gyro-frequency. Though motivated in the context of hot stars, the basic results here could also be applied to gyro-emission in any dipole magnetospheres, including those of ultra-cool dwarfs and even (exo)-planets.
A 2-step prediction model for diagnosis of germinomas in the pineal region
Authors: Yu Yang , Lu Xiaoli , Yao Yidi , Xie Yongsheng , Ren Yan , Chen Liang , Mao Ying , Yao Zhenwei , Yue Qi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Germinomas are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy, and their management distinctly differs from other kinds of pineal region tumors. The aim of this study was to construct a prediction model based on clinical features and preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) manifestations to achieve noninvasive diagnosis of germinomas in pineal region.

Methods
A total of 126 patients with pineal region tumors were enrolled, including 36 germinomas, 53 nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), and 37 pineal parenchymal tumors (PPTs). They were divided into a training cohort (n = 90) and a validation cohort (n = 36). Features were extracted from clinical records and conventional MR images. Multivariate analysis was performed to screen for independent predictors to differentiate germ cell tumors (GCTs) and PPTs, germinomas, and NGGCTs, respectively. From this, a 2-step nomogram model was established, with model 1 for discriminating GCTs from PPTs and model 2 for identifying germinomas in GCTs. The model was tested in a validation cohort.

Results
Both model 1 and model 2 yielded good predictive efficacy, with c-indexes of 0.967 and 0.896 for the diagnosis of GCT and germinoma, respectively. Calibration curve, decision curve, and clinical impact curve analysis further confirmed their predictive accuracy and clinical usefulness. The validation cohort achieved areas under the receiver operating curves of 0.885 and 0.926, respectively.

Conclusions
The 2-step model in this study can noninvasively differentiate GCTs from PPTs and further identify germinomas, thus holding potential to facilitate treatment decision-making for pineal region tumors.
Performance pay and work hours: US survey evidence
Authors: Artz Benjamin , Heywood John S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Using US survey data, we show that those on performance pay work substantially longer hours. This remains in worker fixed-effect estimates and in worker with employer fixed-effect estimates. The magnitudes confirm increased hours as a dimension of the anticipated effort response and long hours as a potential intermediary between performance pay and reduced worker health. Despite managers being the most likely to both receive performance pay and work long hours, this association largely reflects sorting and not the behavioral response evident for other workers.
Development, Acceptability, and Usability of a Virtual Intervention for Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Ponzano Matteo , Tibert Nicholas , Brien Sheila , Funnell Larry , Gibbs Jenna C , Keller Heather , Laprade Judi , Morin Suzanne N , Papaioannou Alexandra , Weston Zachary J , Wideman Timothy H , Giangregorio Lora M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
This project aimed to develop a virtual intervention for vertebral fractures (VIVA) to implement the international recommendations for the nonpharmacological management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures and to test its acceptability and usability.

Methods
VIVA was developed in accordance with integrated knowledge translation principles and was informed by the Behavioral Change Wheel, the Theoretical Domains Framework, and the affordability, practicability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, acceptability, side effects/safety, and equity (APEASE) criteria. The development of the prototype of VIVA involved 3 steps: understanding target behaviors, identifying intervention options, and identifying content and implementation options. The VIVA prototype was delivered to 9 participants to assess its acceptability and usability.

Results
VIVA includes 7 1-on-1 virtual sessions delivered by a physical therapist over 5 weeks. Each session lasts 45 minutes and is divided in 3 parts: education, training, and behavioral support/goal setting. Four main themes emerged from the acceptability evaluation: perceived improvements in pain, increased self-confidence, satisfaction with 1-on-1 sessions and resources, and ease of use. All of the participants believed that VIVA was very useful and were very satisfied with the 1-on-1 sessions. Four participants found the information received very easy to practice, 4 found it easy to practice, and 1 found it somewhat difficult to practice. Five participants were satisfied with the supporting resources, and 4 were very satisfied. Potential for statistically significant improvements was observed in participants’ ability to make concrete plans about when, how, where, and how often to exercise.

Conclusion
VIVA was acceptable and usable to the participants, who perceived improvements in pain and self-confidence.

Impact
The virtual implementation of the recommendations for the nonpharmacological management of vertebral fractures showed high acceptability and usability. Future trials will implement the recommendations on a larger scale to evaluate their effectiveness.
Drawing a veil? Privacy and anonymity in trusts and capacity proceedings
Authors: Bedworth Georgia , Kirby James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The open justice principle enshrined 110 years ago as a fundamental right at common law by the House of Lords judgment in Scott v Scott [1913] AC 417 remains as central as ever to civil proceedings in England and Wales. However, its precise ambit and content continue to provoke discussion. Where the court is not adjudicating on rival claims in hostile litigation, but is instead administering the affairs of an individual who lacks capacity or a trust, or an estate, this causes particular difficulty. To what extent, if any, does the open justice principle apply to such proceedings? This article will examine how the courts—not only in England and Wales but also by way of comparison in offshore jurisdictions—have answered this question in recent years.