bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Controlled Release Fertilizers: Cost‐Effective Coating Techniques and Smart Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogels
Authors: Mansouri Houssameddine , Ait Said Hamid , Noukrati Hassan , Oukarroum Abdallah , Ben youcef Hicham , Perreault François 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo meet the needs of a rapidly expanding global population, farmers will need more fertilizers than ever before to maintain a steady supply of affordable, nutritious food. The formulation of controlled release fertilizers (CRF) to synchronize nutrient release according to the demand of plants has emerged as a viable solution to the current problems associated with the poor nutrient usage efficiency of fertilizers. Yet, the greatest obstacle that still stands in the way of broad use of CRF in agriculture is their expensive manufacturing costs. The first section of this analysis focuses on broad topics related to CRF. Afterward, the differences between several cost‐effective raw materials and some of the production techniques used to make CRF are examined. Furthermore, the emerging field of “smart” coating materials, such as stimuli‐responsive coatings, which can accurately tailor nutrients delivery to the demands of the vegetation, is discussed, and the most important research work that could lead to their extensive use in agriculture is pointed out. The purpose of this review is to provide a strong assessment of CRF's development over the past several years by highlighting innovations and providing in‐depth analysis of prevailing patterns to better understand the future of agriculture.
Clinical Applicability of Visible Light‐Mediated Cross‐linking for Structural Soft Tissue Reconstruction
Authors: Major Gretel , Longoni Alessia , Simcock Jeremy , Magon Nicholas J , Harte Jessica , Bathish Boushra , Kemp Roslyn , Woodfield Tim , Lim Khoon S 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVisible light‐mediated cross‐linking has utility for enhancing the structural capacity and shape fidelity of laboratory‐based polymers. With increased light penetration and cross‐linking speed, there is opportunity to extend future applications into clinical spheres. This study evaluated the utility of a ruthenium/sodium persulfate photocross‐linking system for increasing structural control in heterogeneous living tissues as an example, focusing on unmodified patient‐derived lipoaspirate for soft tissue reconstruction. Freshly‐isolated tissue is photocross‐linked, then the molar abundance of dityrosine bonds is measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and the resulting structural integrity assessed. The cell function and tissue survival of photocross‐linked grafts is evaluated ex vivo and in vivo, with tissue integration and vascularization assessed using histology and microcomputed tomography. The photocross‐linking strategy is tailorable, allowing progressive increases in the structural fidelity of lipoaspirate, as measured by a stepwise reduction in fiber diameter, increased graft porosity and reduced variation in graft resorption. There is an increase in dityrosine bond formation with increasing photoinitiator concentration, and tissue homeostasis is achieved ex vivo, with vascular cell infiltration and vessel formation in vivo. These data demonstrate the capability and applicability of photocrosslinking strategies for improving structural control in clinically‐relevant settings, potentially achieving more desirable patient outcomes using minimal manipulation in surgical procedures.
Tackling Soil ARG‐Carrying Pathogens with Global‐Scale Metagenomics
Authors: Wang Binhao , Xu Jianming , Wang Yiling , Stirling Erinne , Zhao Kankan , Lu Caiyu , Tan Xiangfeng , Kong Dedong , Yan Qingyun , He Zhili , Ruan Yunjie , Ma Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAntibiotic overuse and the subsequent environmental contamination of residual antibiotics poses a public health crisis via an acceleration in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer. Although the occurrence, distribution, and driving factors of ARGs in soils have been widely investigated, little is known about the antibiotic resistance of soilborne pathogens at a global scale. To explore this gap, contigs from 1643 globally sourced metagnomes are assembled, yielding 407 ARG‐carrying pathogens (APs) with at least one ARG; APs are detected in 1443 samples (sample detection rate of 87.8%). The richness of APs is greater in agricultural soils (with a median of 20) than in non‐agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural soils possess a high prevalence of clinical APs affiliated with Escherichia, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. The APs detected in agricultural soils tend to coexist with multidrug resistance genes and bacA. A global map of soil AP richness is generated, where anthropogenic and climatic factors explained AP hot spots in East Asia, South Asia, and the eastern United States. The results herein advance this understanding of the global distribution of soil APs and determine regions prioritized to control soilborne APs worldwide.
Wearable Safeguarding Leather Composite with Excellent Sensing, Thermal Management, and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Fan Ziyang , Lu Liang , Sang Min , Wu Jianpeng , Wang Xinyi , Xu Feng , Gong Xinglong , Luo Tianzhi , Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Xuan Shouhu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work illustrates a “soft‐toughness” coupling design method to integrate the shear stiffening gel (SSG), natural leather, and nonwoven fabrics (NWF) for preparing leather/MXene/SSG/NWF (LMSN) composite with high anti‐impact protecting, piezoresistive sensing, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and human thermal management performance. Owing to the porous fiber structure of the leather, the MXene nanosheets can penetrate leather to construct a stable 3D conductive network; thus both the LM and LMSN composites exhibit superior conductivity, high Joule heating temperature, and an efficient EMI shielding effectiveness. Due to the excellent energy absorption of the SSG, the LMSN composites possess a huge force‐buffering (about 65.5%), superior energy dissipation (above 50%), and a high limit penetration velocity of 91 m s−1, showing extraordinary anti‐impact performance. Interestingly, LMSN composites possess an unconventional opposite sensing behavior to piezoresistive sensing (resistance reduction) and impact stimulation (resistance growing), thus they can distinguish the low and high energy stimulus. Ultimately, a soft protective vest with thermal management and impact monitoring performance is further fabricated, and it shows a typical wireless impact‐sensing performance. This method is expected to have broad application potential in the next‐generation wearable electronic devices for human safeguarding.
Color Stable Deep Blue Multi‐Resonance Organic Emitters with Narrow Emission and High Efficiency
Authors: Kang Jihoon , Jeon Soon Ok , Kim Inkoo , Lee Ha Lim , Lim Junseop , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and deep blue emitters satisfying the color specification of the commercial products has been a challenging hurdle in the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, deep blue OLEDs with a narrow emission spectrum with good color stability and spin‐vibronic coupling assisted thermally activated delayed fluorescence are reported using a novel multi‐resonance (MR) emitter built on a pure organic‐based molecular platform of fused indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole structure. Two emitters derived from 2,5,11,14‐tetrakis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)indolo[3,2,1‐jk]indolo[1′,2′,3′:1,7]indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (tBisICz) core are synthesized as the MR type thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters realizing a very narrow emission spectrum with a full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm with suppressed broadening at high doping concentration. The tBisICz core is substituted with a diphenylamine or 9‐phenylcarbazole blocking group to manage the intermolecular interaction for high efficiency and narrow emission. The deep blue OLEDs achieve high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9%, small FWHM of 19 nm, and deep blue color coordinate of (0.16, 0.04) with good color stability with increase in doping concentration. To the authors’ knowledge, the EQE in this work is one of the highest values reported for the deep blue OLEDs that achieve the BT.2020 standard.
Coping mechanisms during the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown in metropolitan Johannesburg, South Africa: A qualitative study
Authors: Paredes Ruvalcaba Nerli , Kim Andrew Wooyoung , Ndaba Nokubonga , Cele Lindile , Swana Someleze , Bosire Edna , Moolla Aneesa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused prolonged stress on numerous fronts. While the acute health impacts of psychosocial stress due to the pandemic are well‐documented, less is known about the resources and mechanisms utilized to cope in response to stresses during the pandemic and lockdown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify and describe the coping mechanisms adults utilized in response to the stressors of the COVID‐19 pandemic during the 2020 South African lockdown.MethodsThis study included adults (n = 47: 32 female; 14 male; 1 non‐binary) from the greater Johannesburg region in South Africa. Interviews with both closed and open‐ended questions were administered to query topics regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were coded and thematically analyzed to identify coping mechanisms and experiences.ResultsAdults engaged in a variety of strategies to cope with the pandemic and the ensued lockdown. The ability to access or engage in multiple coping mechanisms were either enhanced or constrained by financial and familial situations. Participants engaged in seven major coping mechanisms: interactions with family and friends, prayer and religion, staying active, financial resources, mindset reframing, natural remedies, and following COVID‐19 prevention protocols.ConclusionsDespite the multiple stressors faced during the pandemic and lockdown, participants relied on multiple coping strategies which helped preserve their well‐being and overcome pandemic‐related adversity. The strategies participants engaged in were impacted by access to financial resources and family support. Further research is needed to examine the potential impacts these strategies may have on people's health.
Hybrid Double Perovskite Derived Halides Based on Bi and Alkali Metals (K, Rb): Diverse Structures, Tunable Optical Properties and Second Harmonic Generation Responses
Authors: Zhou Jiaqian , Xie Peiran , Wang Chao , Bian Tieyuan , Chen Jian , Liu Yang , Guo Zhu , Chen Congcong , Pan Xin , Luo Min , Yin Jun , Mao Lingling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDouble perovskites (DP) have attracted extensive attention due to their rich structures and wide application prospects in the field of optoelectronics. Here, we report 15 new Bi‐based double perovskite derived halides with the general formula of A2BBiX6 (A=organic cationic ligand, B=K or Rb, X=Br or I). These materials are synthesized using organic ligands to coordinate with metal ions with a sp3 oxygen, and diverse structure types have been obtained with distinct dimensionalities and connectivity modes. The optical band gaps of these phases can be tuned by changing the halide, the organic ligand and the alkali metal, varying from 2.0 to 2.9 eV. The bromide phases exhibit increasing photoluminescence (PL) intensity with decreasing temperature, while the PL intensity of iodide phases changes nonmonotonically with temperature. Because the majority of these phases are non‐centrosymmetric, second harmonic generation (SHG) responses are also measured for selected non‐centrosymmetric materials, showing different particle‐size‐dependent trends. Our findings give rise to a series of new structural types to the DP family, and provide a powerful synthetic handle for symmetry breaking.
A Paramagnetic Compass Based on Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Jia Hao , Yin Baipeng , Chen Jiaying , Zou Ye , Wang Hong , Zhang Yu , Ma Tongmei , Shi Qiang , Yao Jiannian , Bai Shuming , Zhang Chuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMacroscopic compass‐like magnetic alignment at low magnetic fields is natural for ferromagnetic materials but is seldomly observed in paramagnetic materials. Herein, we report a “paramagnetic compass” that magnetically aligns under ~mT fields based on the single‐crystalline framework constructed by lanthanide ions and organic ligands (Ln‐MOF). The magnetic alignment is attributed to the Ln‐MOF's strong macroscopic anisotropy, where the highly‐ordered structure allows the Ln‐ions’ molecular anisotropy to be summed according to the crystal symmetry. In tetragonal Ln‐MOFs, the alignment is either parallel or perpendicular to the field depending on the easiest axis of the molecular anisotropy. Reversible switching between the two alignments is realized upon the removal and re‐adsorption of solvent molecules filled in the framework. When the crystal symmetry is lowered in monoclinic Ln‐MOFs, the alignments become even inclined (47°‐66°) to the field. These fascinating properties of Ln‐MOFs would encourage further explorations of framework materials containing paramagnetic centers.
Design of a mixed‐matrix polyether sulfone membrane with well self‐cleaning capability for oil/water separation
Authors: Cai Jiaonan , Gao Chunmei , Liu Shenghui , Yan Kai , Ji Shifeng , Xing Yunqing , Guo Yi , Tan Wenjing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA self‐cleaning mixed‐matrix membrane was successfully developed and fabricated using the reverse thermally induced phase separation (RTIPS) method, incorporating modified particles. To achieve this, DA@CuFe2O4 particles were prepared by modifying CuFe2O4 with dopamine (DA) and then fed into the membrane matrix. The RTIPS method was employed to create hydrophilic membranes that exhibited remarkable stability and toughness. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the particles were successfully modified. XPS, scanning electron microscopy, and FTIR proved that the modified particles were introduced into the film. The EDS spectra also showed that the self‐made CuFe2O4 particles with DA adsorbed on the surface were uniformly distributed in the organic matter. In addition, the results of the contact angle characterization, tensile test, water flux test, oil–water separation test, and cycle test showed that the material with a high water flux (1707.78 L/m2 h) and removal rate of >99.9% has good wettability, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and stain resistance. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the modified membranes was demonstrated by studying the degradation of pollutants under visible light. Through photocatalysis, the membrane material obtained a higher utilization rate, which provided a new attempt to solve the membrane separation technology in the field of oily wastewater treatment.
Effect of chain extender content on tribological properties of polyurethane under water‐lubrication
Authors: Xu Qiran , Guo Zhiwei , Huang Qiren , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolyurethane has been extensively studied as a multifunctional material for water‐lubricated bearing materials. As one of the polyurethane elastomeric synthetic material, the content of 4,4′‐methylene bis(2‐chloroaniline) (MOCA) directly affects the intermolecular structure and thus the properties of the material. Five samples with different MOCA contents were prepared by casting molding and tested. The results showed that the optimal comprehensive performance was obtained when the ratio of the amino group to the hydrocyanic acid group was 0.95, with tensile, compressive, and bending strengths of 50.1, 91.8, and 12.6 MPa, respectively. Compared with other samples, the surface of the sample was smooth, which was conducive to the formation of the water film. The bearing capacity and lubrication condition are improved, and the best tribological performance was shown. This research for the application of polyurethane elastomer on the water‐lubricated bearing provides a theoretical basis.
Effect of SiO2 surface modification on the filler‐reinforced interfaces in SiO2‐filled functional styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Hussain Shahid , Zhao Zhongfu , Song Yujun , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSilicon dioxide (SiO2), commonly known as silica, the surface is modified using bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, also known as (Si69) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). A series of composites are prepared by mixing general solution styrene butadiene rubber (GSSBR) and polyethylene oxide‐functionalized solution styrene butadiene rubber (FSSBR) with unmodified and modified SiO2. A comparative analysis is conducted using various characterization techniques to evaluate the performance of different composites regarding rubber‐filler dispersion, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 facilitates a more uniform and well‐dispersed distribution of silica particles, improving the compatibility between the rubber‐filler matrix and reducing the size of particle aggregates. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that composites GSSBR/SiO2@PEG and GSSBR/SiO2@Si69 + PEG and FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 possess superior thermal stability with minimal weight loss. According to the rubber process analyzer (RPA) analysis, FSSBR/SiO2@Si69 results in significantly reduced Payne effect values, indicating improved dispersion of the rubber‐filler mixture. These findings suggest that the simultaneous functionalization of SSBR and surface modification of SiO2 effectively enhance the interaction between filler and rubber.
Mussel‐inspired Self‐assembly into Polymer Coatings of Different Molecular Weight Electrolytes for Enhanced Self‐healing and Corrosion Properties
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Yu Xiaoming , Sheng Mengyi , Chen Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelf‐healing coatings offer tremendous application prospects in the field of preventing metal corrosion because of their superior functionality. The coordination of barrier performance and self‐healing ability, however, continues to be difficult. Herein, a polymer coating based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) with self‐repairing and barrier ability was designed. Introducing the catechol group into the anti‐corrosion coating increases the adhesion and self‐healing efficiency of the coating, providing a guarantee for the long‐term stable bonding between the anti‐corrosion coating and the metal substrate. Small molecular weight PAA polymers are added to polymer coatings to increase their self‐healing capabilities and corrosion resistance. Because layer‐by‐layer assembly creates reversible hydrogen bonds and electrostatic bonds that help the coating repair itself when it is damaged, and because the traction of small molecular weight polyacrylic acid speeds up this process. When polyacrylic acid (PAA) with a molecular weight of 2000 was present in the coating at a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL, the coating‘s self‐healing capability and corrosion resistance were at their peak. The PEI‐C/PAA45W‐PAA2000 coating completed the self‐healing within 10 min, and the corrosion resistance efficiency (Pe) was as high as 90.1 %. The polarization resistance (Rp) was maintained at 7.67×104 Ω cm2 after immersion for more than 240 h. It was better than other samples in this work. The polymer provides a new idea for the prevention of metal corrosion.
Insights into DNA cleavage by MutL homologs from analysis of conserved motifs in eukaryotic Mlh1
Authors: Putnam Christopher D. , Kolodner Richard D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMutL family proteins contain an N‐terminal ATPase domain (NTD), an unstructured interdomain linker, and a C‐terminal domain (CTD), which mediates constitutive dimerization between subunits and often contains an endonuclease active site. Most MutL homologs direct strand‐specific DNA mismatch repair by cleaving the error‐containing daughter DNA strand. The strand cleavage reaction is poorly understood; however, the structure of the endonuclease active site is consistent with a two‐ or three‐metal ion cleavage mechanism. A motif required for this endonuclease activity is present in the unstructured linker of Mlh1 and is conserved in all eukaryotic Mlh1 proteins, except those from metamonads, which also lack the almost absolutely conserved Mlh1 C‐terminal phenylalanine‐glutamate‐arginine‐cysteine (FERC) sequence. We hypothesize that the cysteine in the FERC sequence is autoinhibitory, as it sequesters the active site. We further hypothesize that the evolutionary co‐occurrence of the conserved linker motif with the FERC sequence indicates a functional interaction, possibly by linker motif‐mediated displacement of the inhibitory cysteine. This role is consistent with available data for interactions between the linker motif with DNA and the CTDs in the vicinity of the active site.
Scale‐down of CHO cell cultivation from shake flasks based on oxygen mass transfer allows application of parallelized, non‐invasive, and time‐resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate in 48‐well microtiter plates
Authors: Ihling Nina , Berg Christoph , Paul Richard , Munkler Lara Pauline , Mäkinen Meeri E.‐L. , Chotteau Veronique , Büchs Jochen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCultivating Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in microtiter plates (MTPs) with time‐resolved monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) is highly desirable to provide process insights at increased throughput. However, monitoring of the OTR in MTPs has not been demonstrated for CHO cells, yet. Hence, a CHO cultivation process was transferred from shake flasks to MTPs to enable monitoring of the OTR in each individual well of a 48‐well MTP. For this, the cultivation of an industrially relevant, antibody‐producing cell line was transferred from shake flask to MTP based on the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa). Culture behavior was well comparable (deviation of the final IgG titer less than 10%). Monitoring of the OTR in 48‐well MTPs was then used to derive the cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) based on a dose–response curve in a single experiment using a second CHO cell line. Logistic fitting of the dose–response curve determined after 100 h was used to determine the DMSO concentration that resulted in a cytotoxicity of 50% (IC50). A DMSO concentration of 2.70% ± 0.25% was determined, which agrees with the IC50 previously determined in shake flasks (2.39% ± 0.1%). Non‐invasive, parallelized, and time‐resolved monitoring of the OTR of CHO cells in MTPs was demonstrated and offers excellent potential to speed up process development and assess cytotoxicity.