bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of spatial attention and the associated reward value of audiovisual stimuli
Authors: Vakhrushev Roman , Pooresmaeili Arezoo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReward value and selective attention both enhance the representation of sensory stimuli at the earliest stages of processing. It is still debated whether and how reward-driven and attentional mechanisms interact to influence perception. Here we ask whether the interaction between reward value and selective attention depends on the sensory modality through which the reward information is conveyed. Human participants first learned the reward value of uni-modal visual and auditory stimuli during a conditioning phase. Subsequently, they performed a target detection task on bimodal stimuli containing a previously rewarded stimulus in one, both, or neither of the modalities. Additionally, participants were required to focus their attention on one side and only report targets on the attended side. Our results showed a strong modulation of visual and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) by spatial attention. We found no main effect of reward value but importantly an interaction effect was found as the strength of attentional modulation of the ERPs was significantly affected by the reward value. When reward effects were inspected separately with respect to each modality, auditory value-driven modulation of attention was found to dominate the ERP effects whereas visual reward value on its own led to no effect, likely due to its interference with the target processing. These results inspire a two-stage model where first the salience of a high reward stimulus is enhanced on a local priority map specific to each sensory modality, and at a second stage reward value and top-down attentional mechanisms are integrated across sensory modalities to affect perception.
Single-neuron and population measures of neuronal activity in working memory tasks
Authors: Mozumder Rana , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTInformation represented in working memory is reflected in the firing rate of neurons in the prefrontal cortex and brain areas connected to it. In recent years, there has been an increased realization that population measures capture more accurately neural correlates of cognitive functions. We examined how single neuron firing in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex of two male monkeys compared with population measures in spatial working memory tasks. Persistent activity was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex and firing rate predicted working memory behavior, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. These findings had equivalents in population measures, including trajectories in state space that became less separated in error trials. We additionally observed rotations of the stimulus space for different task conditions, which was not obvious in firing rate measures. These results suggest that population measures provide a richer view of how neuronal activity is associated with behavior, however, largely confirm that persistent activity is the core phenomenon that maintains visual-spatial information in working memory.NEW & NOTEWORTHYRecordings from large numbers of neurons led to a re-evaluation of neural correlates of cognitive functions, which traditionally were defined based on responses of single neurons, or averages of firing rates. Analysis of neuronal recordings from the dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex revealed that properties of neuronal firing captured in classical studies of persistent activity can account for population representations, though some population characteristics did not have clear correlates in single neuron activity.
A multicenter review of histopathology of variants in the context of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and their impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Giudici N , Schoch A , Genitsch V , Rodriguez-Calero JA , Thalmann GN , Seiler R 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSimilar to bladder cancer, about one third of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) present variant histology (VH). We aim to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and the impact on outcomes of VH in UTUC.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 77 patients from 2009-2022 treated with radical surgery for UTUC from a secondary and a tertiary referral center. A central pathology review of all specimens was performed by one independent uropathologist for each center. We compared pure UTUC and UTUC with VH and the accuracy of endoscopic biopsy. Descriptive and comparative analysis were used to assess association with clinical characteristics and the Kaplan-Meier estimator to compare outcomes.ResultsMedian follow-up after surgery was 51 months. VH was present in 21/77 (28%) patients and 4/21 (19%) patients had multiple variants. The most frequent VH was squamous 12/21 (57%), followed by glandular 6/21 (29%) and micropapillary 3/21 (14%). Small cell neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma was present in two patients. Nested variant was found in one patient.Muscle invasive tumor (≥pT2) was present in 29/56 (52%) patients with pure UTUC and in 18/21 (86%) patients with VH (p <0.05). Presence of carcinoma in situ was seen in 14/56 (25%) patients with pure UTUC and in 15/21 (71%) with VH (p <0.05). Cumulative 8/56 (14%) with pure UTUC had a non-intravesical recurrence (6 patients with local and 2 distant recurrence) compared to 8/21 (38%) (3 local, 3 nodal, 2 distant) in the subgroup with VH (p <0.05). Opposite effect was noted for bladder recurrence: 60% for pure UTUC vs. 29% for tumors with VH (p <0.05). Review of preoperative endoscopic biopsy did not show the presence of VH in any patients. Differences in outcomes did not reach significance: 3yr-OS 63% vs 42% (p 0.28) and 3yr-CSS 77% vs. 50% (p 0.7).ConclusionAlmost a third of UTUC present VH. Presence of VH is related to more aggressive tumor characteristics and associated with unfavorable outcomes. Due to a higher rate of extravesical recurrences in UTUC with VH, Follow-up controls should include cross sectional imaging and cystoscopy.
Decentralisation of the compliance of anti-tobacco law in India: The case of higher educational institutions in New Delhi, India
Authors: Singh Raja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the decentralised compliance responsibility of India’s tobacco control legislation that the government has outsourced to higher educational institutions through an example of New Delhi. 36 higher educational institutions, including universities, are selected and studied through a unique methodology using India’s transparency law, i.e., the Right to Information Act 2005. The study looks into the three most important parameters of decentralised compliance. Two of these require the installation of signboards by educational institutions, and the third involves imposing and collecting fines against persons found smoking within the educational institutions. Regarding the boards, the first board is about the warning prohibiting the sale within 100 yards of educational institutions, and the second one prohibits smoking in educational institutions. The study also asks the educational institutions whether there is a presence of cigarette and tobacco product vendors within 100 yards of the institution, where the sale of such products has been banned by law. The study also found educational activities to create awareness in the institutions for tobacco control and cessation. The results show that the intent to decentralise the compliance of the tobacco control law in New Delhi has not been universally successful and requires much effort.t for its on-ground penetration. Such studies have a policy impact as they serve as an example for the generalisability of such statutes, which only work when there is implementation from the bottom-up and when the deterrent is also strong with incentivisation to the educational institutions to implement tobacco control with vigour.
Profiling of theHelicobacter pyloriredox switch HP1021 regulon using a multi-omics approach
Authors: Noszka Mateusz , Strzałka Agnieszka , Muraszko Jakub , Kolenda Rafał , Meng Chen , Ludwig Christina , Stingl Kerstin , Zawilak-Pawlik Anna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe gastric human pathogenHelicobacter pylorihas developed mechanisms to combat stress factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are present in the stomach’s harsh environment. Here, we present a comprehensive study on the redox switch protein HP1021 regulon combining transcriptomic, proteomic and DNA-protein interactions analyses. Our results indicated that HP1021 decides aboutH. pyloriresponse to oxidative stress. HP1021 regulon included 498 genes, of which 411 responded to oxidative stress. HP1021 controlled typical ROS response pathways (katA,rocF) and less canonical ones, particularly DNA uptake and central carbohydrate metabolism. We identified HP1021 as the first molecular regulator of competence inH. pylori, as HP1021-dependent repression of thecomBDNA uptake genes was relieved under oxidative conditions, increasing natural competence. Furthermore, HP1021 controlled glucose consumption by directly regulating thegluPtransporter and had an important impact on maintaining the energetic balance in the cell.
Disposition and Metabolomic Effects of 2,2’,5,5’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl in Female Rats Following Intraperitoneal Exposure
Authors: Bullert Amanda , Li Xueshu , Zhang Chunyun , Lee Kendra , Pulliam Casey F. , Cagle Brianna S. , Doorn Jonathan A. , Klingelhutz Aloysius J. , Robertson Larry W. , Lehmler Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe disposition and toxicity of lower chlorinated PCBs (LC-PCBs) with less than five chlorine substituents have received little attention. This study characterizes the distribution and metabolomic effects of PCB 52, an LC-PCB found in indoor and outdoor air, three weeks after intraperitoneal exposure of female Sprague Dawley rats to 0, 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg BW. PCB 52 exposure did not affect overall body weight. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis identified PCB 52 in all tissues investigated. Hydroxylated, sulfated, and methylated PCB metabolites, identified using GC-MS/MS and nontarget liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (Nt-LCMS), were primarily found in the serum and liver of rats exposed to 100 mg/kg BW. Metabolomic analysis revealed minor effects on L-cysteine, glycine, cytosine, sphingosine, thymine, linoleic acid, orotic acid, L-histidine, and erythrose serum levels. Thus, the metabolism of PCB 52 and its effects on the metabolome must be considered in toxicity studies.HighlightsPCB 52 was present in adipose, brain, liver, and serum 3 weeks after PCB exposureLiver and serum contained hydroxylated, sulfated, and methylated PCB 52 metabolitesMetabolomics analysis revealed minor changes in endogenous serum metabolitesLevels of dopamine and its metabolites in the brain were not affected by PCB 52
Humanized yeast to study the role of human ECE-1 isoforms in apoptosis in congenital heart disease
Authors: Xie Hanhui , Huang Yan , Louis Edward J. , Xie Xiaodong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndothelin convert enzyme-1(ECE-1) plays a significant role in cardiovascular development including four isoforms with unclear function. Therefore, we are interested in studying the function of ECE-1 isoforms through mitochondria due to the high correlation between congenital heart disease (CHD) and apoptosis. Since the expression of human Bax and Bcl-xL in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) results in similar effects in mammalian cells, a yeast system was generated for mimicking human Bax-induced apoptosis and the expression of human ECE-1 isoforms was involved. The correlation between Bax-induced growth defect and the candidates of apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway was preliminarily investigated in this system. Furthermore, the phenotypes of ECE-1 isoforms have been identified through yeast growth defect. Individual ECE-1 isoform does not affect yeast growth but act as enhancers for the Bax-induced growth defect. ECE-1c is the strongest enhancer that affect the expression of candidates of outer membrane translocases. This study indicates that ECE-1 might play an important role in inducing apoptosis and we speculate these findings are possible to provide new perspectives with clarifying the mechanism of CHD.
The membrane-cytoplasmic linker defines activity of FtsH proteases inPseudomonas aeruginosaclone C
Authors: Mawla Gina D , Mansour Kamal Shady , Cao Lianying , Purhonen Pasi , Hebert Hans , Sauer Robert T , Baker Tania A , Römling Ute 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPandemicPseudomonas aeruginosaclone C strains encode a xenolog of FtsH (PaFtsH2), an inner-membrane associated ATP-dependent protease.FtsH1supports growth and intrinsic antibiotic resistance but cannot be replaced byftsH2. We show that purified PaFtsH2 degrades fewer substrates than PaFtsH1. Swapping residues of a short MC peptide that links transmembrane helix-2 with the cytosolic AAA+ ATPase module from PaFtsH1 into PaFtsH2 improves hybrid-enzyme substrate processingin vitroand enables PaFtsH2 to substitute for PaFtsH1in vivo. FtsH1 MC peptides are glycine rich. Introducing three glycines into the membrane-proximal end of PaFtsH2’s MC linker is sufficient to elevate activityin vitroandin vivo. Electron microscopy including PaFtsH2 indicates that MC linker identity influences FtsH flexibility. Our findings establish that the efficiency of substrate processing by two PaFtsH isoforms depends on how they are attached to the membrane and suggest that greater linker flexibility/length allows FtsH to degrade a wider spectrum of substrates. As FtsH2 homologs occur across bacterial phyla, we hypothesize that FtsH2 is not a latent enzyme, rather recognizes specific substrates or is activated in specific contexts or biological niches. We hypothesize that such linkers might play a more determinative role in functionality and physiological impact of FtsH proteases than previously thought.
Regional pulmonary perfusion, blood volume, and their relationship change during early ARDS in an experimental study
Authors: Santos Arnoldo , Motta-Ribeiro Gabriel C. , De Prost Nicolas , Tucci Mauro R. , Wellman Tyler J. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Winkler Tilo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRegional pulmonary perfusion (Q) has been investigated using blood volume (Fb) imaging as an easier-to-measure surrogate. However, it is unclear if changing pulmonary conditions could affect their relationship. We hypothesized that vascular changes in early acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) affect Q and Fbdifferently. Five sheep were anesthetized and received protective mechanical ventilation for 20 hours while endotoxin was continuously infused. Using dynamic18F-FDG and13NN Positron Emission Tomography (PET), regional Fband Q were analysed in 30 regions of interest (ROIs) and normalized by tissue content (Fbnand Qn, respectively). After 20 hours, the animals’ lung injury showed characteristics of early ARDS, including gas exchange and lung mechanics. PET images of Fbnand Qnshowed substantial differences between baseline and lung injury. Lung injury caused a significant change in the Fbn-Qnrelationship compared to baseline (p<0.001). The best models at baseline and lung injury were Fbn=0.32+0.690Qnand Fbn=1.684Qn–0.538Qn2, respectively. Early ARDS changed the relationship between Fband Q from linear to curvilinear. Effects of endotoxin exposure on the vasoactive blood flow regulation were most likely the key factor for this change limiting the quantitative accuracy of Fbimaging as a surrogate for regional Q.
Compensatory growth and recovery of tissue cytoarchitecture after transient cartilage-specific cell death in foetal mouse limbs
Authors: H’ng Chee Ho , Amarasinghe Shanika L. , Zhang Boya , Chang Hojin , Powell David R. , Rosello-Diez Alberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA major question in developmental and regenerative biology is how organ size is controlled by progenitor cells. For example, while limb bones exhibit catch-up growth (recovery of a normal growth trajectory after transient developmental perturbation), it is unclear how this emerges from the behaviour of chondroprogenitors, the cells sustaining the cartilage anlagen that are progressively replaced by bone. Here we show that transient sparse cell death in the mouse foetal cartilage was repaired postnatally, via a two-step process. During injury, progression of chondroprogenitors towards more differentiated states was delayed, leading to altered cartilage cytoarchitecture and impaired bone growth. Then, once cell death was over, chondroprogenitor differentiation was accelerated and cartilage structure recovered, including partial rescue of bone growth. At the molecular level, ectopic activation of mTORC1 correlated with, and was necessary for, part of the recovery, revealing a specific candidate to be explored during normal growth and in future therapies.
Detection of threshold-level stimuli modulated by temporal predictions of the cerebellum
Authors: Andersen Lau M. , Dalal Sarang 
Published: June 2023

0 AbstractThe cerebellum has the reputation of being a primitive part of the brain that mostly is involved in motor coordination and motor control. Older lesion studies and more recent electrophysiological studies have, however, indicated that it is involved in temporal perception and temporal expectation-building. An outstanding question is whether this temporal expectation-building cerebellar activity hasfunctional relevance.In this study, we collected magnetoencephalographic data from 30 healthy participants performing a detection task on at-threshold stimulation that was presented at the end of a sequence of temporally regular or irregular above-threshold stimulation.We found that behavioural detection rates depended on the degree of irregularity in the sequence preceding it. We also found cerebellar responses evoked by above-threshold and at-threshold stimulation. The evoked responses to at-threshold stimulation differed significantly, depending on whether it was preceded by a regular or an irregular sequence. Finally, we found that detection performance across participants correlated significantly with the differences in cerebellar evoked responses to the at-threshold stimulation, demonstrating the functional relevance of cerebellar activity in sensory expectation-building.We furthermore found evidence of thalamic involvement, as indicated by responses in the beta band (14-30 Hz) and by significant modulations of cerebello-thalamic connectivity by the regularity of the sequence and the kind of stimulation terminating the sequence.These results provide evidence that the temporal expectation-building mechanism of the cerebellum, what we and others have called an internal clock, shows functional relevance by regulating behaviour and performance in sensory action that requires acting and integrating evidence over precise time-scales.
Beyond persuasive representations of facts: “figuring out” what sustainable value creation means in practice
Authors: Busco Cristiano , Granà Fabrizio , Izzo Maria Federica 
Published: June 2023

PurposeAlthough accounting and reporting visualisations (i.e. graphs, maps and grids) are often used to veil organisations’ untransparent actions, these practices perform irrespectively of their ability to represent facts. In this research, the authors explore accounting and reporting visualisations beyond their persuasive and representational purpose.Design/methodology/approachBy building on previous research on the rhetoric of visualisations, the authors illustrate how the design of accounting visualisations within integrated reports engages managers in a recursive process of knowledge construction, interrogation, reflection and speculation on what sustainable value creation means. The authors articulate the theoretical framework by developing a longitudinal field study in International Fashion Company, a medium-sized company operating in the fashion industry.FindingsThis research shows that accounting and reporting visualisations do not only contribute to creating unclear and often contradicting representations of organisations’ sustainable performance but, at the same time, “open up” and support managers’ unfolding search for “sustainable value” by reducing its unknown meaning into known and understandable categories. The inconsistencies and imperfections that accounting and reporting visualisations leave constitute the conditions of possibility for the interrogation of the unknown to happen in practice, thus augmenting managers’ questioning, reflections and speculation on what sustainable value means.Originality/valueThis study shows that accounting and reporting visualisations can represent good practices (the authors are not saying a “solution”) through which managers can re-appreciate the complexities of measuring and defining something that is intrinsically unknown and unknowable, especially in contexts where best practices have not yet consolidated into a norm. Topics such as climate change and sustainable development are out there and cannot be ignored, cannot be reduced through persuasive accounts and, therefore, need to be embraced.
Structuring concrete boundary objects for project-to-project learning: a state-of-practice review
Authors: Ferres Geoffrey Mark , Moehler Robert C. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeEffective project learning can prevent projects from repeating the same mistakes; however, knowledge codification is required for project-to-project learning to be up-scaled across the temporal, geographical and organisational barriers that constrain personalised learning. This paper explores the state of practice for the structuring of codified project learnings as concrete boundary objects with the capacity to enable externalised project-to-project learning across complex boundaries. Cross-domain reconceptualisation is proposed to enable further research and support the future development of standardised recommendations for boundary objects that can enable project-to-project learning at scale.Design/methodology/approachAn integrative literature review method has been applied, considering knowledge, project learning and boundary object scholarship as state-of-practice sources.FindingsIt is found that the extensive body of boundary object literature developed over the last three decades has not yet examined the internal structural characteristics of concrete boundary objects for project-to-project learning and boundary-spanning capacity. Through a synthesis of the dispersed structural characteristic recommendations that have been made across examined domains, a reconceptualised schema of 30 discrete characteristics associated with boundary-spanning capacity for project-to-project learning is proposed to support further investigation.Originality/valueThis review makes a novel contribution as a first cross-domain examination of the internal structural characteristics of concrete boundary objects for project-to-project learning. The authors provide directions for future research through the reconceptualisation of a novel schema and the identification of important and previously unidentified research gaps.