bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Fibersol-2 efficacious in reducing duration of watery diarrhea and stool output in children 1–3 years old? A randomized, parallel, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, two arm clinical trial
Authors: Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Dash Sampa , Kishimoto Yuka , Kanahori Sumiko , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer 
Published: January 2023

Background
Fibersol-2 has innumerable beneficial effects on human health. It is a fermentable, non-viscous, water-soluble, indigestible dextrin containing 90% dietary fiber produced from corn starch. We aimed to evaluate whether additional intake of Fibersol-2 along with oral rehydration solution treatment can reduce the duration of watery diarrhea and daily stool output in children 1–3 years as well as recovery of such children within 72 hours, compared to placebo.

Methods
This placebo-controlled double-blinded, randomized parallel two arm trial conducted in Kumudini Women’s Medical College Hospital in rural Bangladesh between March and October, 2018 used 5 gm of either Fibersol-2 or placebo dissolved in 50-ml drinking water which was given orally to ninety-two children with watery diarrhea on enrollment twice daily for a period of 7 days. Randomization was done using a randomization table. We randomly allocated 45 (49%) and 47 (51%) children in Fibersol-2 and placebo groups, respectively. Outcome measures were duration of resolution of watery diarrhea, daily stool output and the proportion of children recovered within 72 hours. Primary and safety analyses were by intention to treat. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03565393.

Results
There was no significant difference observed in terms of duration of resolution of diarrhea (adjusted mean difference 8.20, 95% CI -2.74 to 19.15, p = 0.14, adjusted effect size 0.03); the daily stool output (adjusted mean difference 73.57, 95% CI -94.17 to 241.32, p = 0.38, adjusted effect size 0.33) and the proportion of children recovered within 72 hours (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% CI = 0.12 to 1.96, p = 0.31, adjusted risk difference -0.06 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.06), after regression analysis between Fibersol-2 and placebo.

Conclusion
No beneficial role of Fibersol-2 was observed in diarrheal children aged 1–3 years.

Trial registration
This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03565393. The authors confirmed that all ongoing and related trials for this drug/intervention are registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03565393.
The Expansion of Qualitative Research Methods in Innovation Policy Studies
Authors: Wibisono Eristian 
Published: January 2023

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper intends to provide a general description of the position of a qualitative approach in the study of innovation policy and its possible expansion based on the experiences of experts from other disciplines. There is an important and urgent matter about improving young researchers' methodological skills in understanding complex innovation studies. By understanding and mastering various methodological skills, individual researchers, groups, or innovation study communities can provide comprehensive interpretations and insights from unit analysis to draw accurate conclusions in response to phenomena and planned research questions. Some of the research approaches suggested in this paper, namely ethnographic research and action research, require additional research skills in the field. The ethnographic approach and the participant approach allow young researchers to influence the research design by involving participants in the research in a planned manner. Therefore, it is appropriate to use a participatory approach as methodological enrichment in innovation studies. An ethnographic approach will benefit from the perspective of the innovation policy group. The qualitative approach described in this paper can be used in mixed methods, along with quantitative methods.</p><p> </p>Keywords: qualitative methods, mixed-methods, innovation, policy studies
Challenges and Barriers in Public Services Innovations in Malaysia
Authors: Yusof Nor Ashikin Mohamed , Rafee Salwa Ahmad , Ishak Aspah Aini , Razali Muhammad Rohaizad , Saimy Intan Sazrina 
Published: January 2023

<p>For the last two decades, the government of Malaysia has been moving away from the traditional roles of managing, governing and providing services for the country. The government is actively encouraging the public or civil servants to join the bandwagon and create innovations in the course of their works, protect their innovations with intellectual property protection and whenever possible commercialize them. Such a giant leap is in line with the provisions of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2020 in the efforts of converting Malaysian’s economy from manufacturing-based to knowledge and innovation-based instead. It also provides is a good opportunity for the government to create a new source of financial and economic income, save resources and increase the intellectual property index and ranking globally. A lot of incentives, resources and supports were re-channeled for that purpose. To date, the implementation, real outcomes, outputs and impacts of the government’s servant in the innovative activities remain largely unmeasured. Whether the return of investment for such undertakings is commensurate with the efforts or otherwise. What happens to the “innovators” and their inventions are untraced. This paper presents part findings on Malaysian’s experiences towards creating innovations and fulfilling the STI Policy’s objectives. The article focuses on the civil servants’ involvement in developing or creating innovative products or services and their challenges in materializing that policy objective. The study was conducted amongst public servants. Primary data was collected through interviews and focus group discussions with the winning organizations or units of the National Award for Public Sector Innovations. In total, 86 participants from four winning organizations were involved. The civil servants’ efforts are commendable and encouraging. This shows the objectives of the STI Policy are correct. Secondly, the strategies of the STI Policy are only workable if they are supported with a correct support system and well-designed implementation plan or programs, The result also shows that the STI Policy document is broad-ranging, inclusive and unlimited for private sectors, big companies or intended for machines, engineering or hardware only. It includes public sector as well as “soft” innovations in terms of service and management processes, produced by the civil servants are equally valuable, useful and should not be disregarded. However, the government must iron out few challenges in ensuring the innovation program for civil servants are sustainable. The findings of this paper are useful as policy input in improving the support systems, designing action plans or policy interventions for STI Policy in the future.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>public sector innovation, service innovation, National Science Technology and Innovation Policy 2013-2020 </em></p>
The Power of Coordination and Deliberation
Authors: Monnet Eric 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
I provide comments and replies to the seven insightful contributions that discussed “The Democratic Challenge of Central Bank Credit Policies” and the proposal for a European Credit Council. I review how interdisciplinary scholarship on the political economy of central banking have shown the limits of simple principal-agent framework applied to central bank power and legitimacy. I emphasize why a change to central bank independence is not necessary for a fundamental change in the financial system and credit policies. I also argue that deliberations can have strong effects on decision-making and that the power of the people is not restricted to the legislative power.
Assessment of laboratory capacity in conflict-affected low-resource settings using two World Health Organization laboratory assessment tools
Authors: Markby Jessica , Gygax Monika , Savoy Catherine , Giebens Yves , Janjanin Sanja , Machoka Felicity , Mawina Justin Kinziagu , Ghanem Sahar M.M. , Vetter Beatrice Natalie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Laboratory diagnostic services are essential to drive evidence-based treatment decisions, manage outbreaks, and provide population-level data. Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack sufficient diagnostic capacity, often further exacerbated in conflict-affected areas. This project assessed laboratory services in conflict-affected LMICs to understand gaps and opportunities for improving laboratory capacity.

Methods
The World Health Organization Laboratory Assessment Tool Facility Questionnaire (WHO Laboratory Tool) and Stepwise Laboratory Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) checklist were used to assess five laboratories in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and five in Gaza, Palestine. Total scores and percentage outcomes by indicator were calculated.

Results
Average WHO Laboratory Tool score across all facilities was 41% (range 32–50%) in DRC and 78% (range 72–84%) in Gaza. Lowest scoring indicators in DRC were Biorisk management (13%, range 8–21%), Documentation (14%, range 6–21%), and in Gaza, were Facilities (59%, range 46–75%) and Documentation (60%, range 44–76%). Highest scoring indicators in DRC were Facilities (70%, range 45–83%) and Data and Information Management (61%, range 38–80%), and in Gaza were Data Information and Management (96%) and Public Health Function (91%, range 88–94%). In DRC, no laboratory achieved a SLIPTA star rating. In Gaza, two laboratories had a 3-star SLIPTA rating, one had a 2-star rating and two had a 1-star rating.

Conclusions
Laboratory systems in conflict-affected LMICs have significant gaps. Implementating improvement strategies in such settings may be especially challenging.
A Novel Study Based on Shifted Jacobi Polynomials to Find the Numerical Solutions of Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Singh P. K. , Saha Ray S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this article is to represent an efficient numerical approach based on shifted Jacobi polynomials to solve nonlinear stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion. In this method, function approximation and operational matrices based on shifted Jacobi polynomials have been studied, which are further used with appropriate collocation points to reduce nonlinear stochastic differential equations driven by fractional Brownian motion into a system of algebraic equations. Newton’s method has been used to solve this nonlinear system of equations, and the desired approximate solution is achieved. Moreover, the error and convergence analysis of the presented method are also established in detail. Additionally, the applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by solving some numerical examples.
q-opers,QQ-systems, and Bethe Ansatz II: Generalized minors
Authors: Koroteev Peter , Zeitlin Anton M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a certain kind ofq-connections on a projective line, namelyZ-twisted(G,q){(G,q)}-opers with regular singularities using the language of generalized minors. In part one we explored the correspondence between theseq-connections and𝑄𝑄\mathit{QQ}-systems/Bethe Ansatz equations. Here we associate to aZ-twisted(G,q){(G,q)}-oper a class of meromorphic sections of aG-bundle, satisfying certain difference equations, which we refer to as(G,q){(G,q)}-Wronskians. Among other things, we show that the𝑄𝑄\mathit{QQ}-systems and their extensions emerge as the relations between generalized minors, thereby putting the Bethe Ansatz equations in the framework of cluster mutations known in the theory of double Bruhat cells.
A study of the impact of policy interventions on daily COVID scenario in India using interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subhankar , Ghosh Debika , Maiti Raju , Das Samarjit , Biswas Atanu , Chakraborty Bibhas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The rapid increase both in daily cases and daily deaths made the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India more lethal than the first wave. Record number of infections and casualties were reported all over India during this period. Delhi and Maharashtra are the two most affected places in India during the second wave. So in response to this, the Indian government implemented strict intervention policies (“lockdowns”, “social distancing” and “vaccination drive”) in every state during this period to prohibit the spread of this virus. The objective of this article is to conduct an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to study the impact of the interventions on the daily cases and deaths.

Methods
We collect daily data for Delhi and Maharashtra before and after the intervention points with a 14-day (incubation period of COVID-19) observation window. A segmented linear regression analysis is done to study the post-intervention slopes as well as whether there were any immediate changes after the interventions or not. We also add the counterfactuals and delayed time effects in the analysis to investigate the significance of our ITS design.

Results
Here, we observe the post-intervention trends to be statistically significant and negative for both the daily cases and the daily deaths. We also find that there is no immediate change in trend after the start of intervention, and hence we study some delayed time effects which display how changes in the trends happened over time. And from the Counterfactuals in our study, we can have an idea what would have happened to the COVID scenario had the interventions not been implemented.

Conclusions
We statistically try to figure out different circumstances of COVID scenario for both Delhi and Maharashtra by exploring all possible ingredients of ITS design in our analysis in order to present a feasible design to show the importance of implementation of proper intervention policies for tackling this type of pandemic which can have various highly contagious variants.
Anisotropic nonlinear weighted elliptic equations with variable exponents
Authors: Naceri Mokhtar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we prove the existence of distributional solutions to certain
anisotropic nonlinear weighted elliptic equations with variable exponents, where the weight function belongs to the
anisotropic Sobolev space with variable exponents and zero boundary. The functional setting involves
anisotropic variable exponents Lebesgue–Sobolev spaces.
Super-resolution microscopy and studies of peroxisomes
Authors: Galiani Silvia , Eggeling Christian , Reglinski Katharina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is an important tool for studying cellular structures such as organelles. Unfortunately, many details in the corresponding images are hidden due to the resolution limit of conventional lens-based far-field microscopy. An example is the study of peroxisomes, where important processes such as molecular organization during protein important can simply not be studied with conventional far-field microscopy methods. A remedy is super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, which is nowadays a well-established technique for the investigation of inner-cellular structures but has so far to a lesser extent been applied to the study of peroxisomes. To help advancing the latter, we here give an overview over the different super-resolution microscopy approaches and their potentials and challenges in cell-biological research, including labelling issues and a focus on studies on peroxisomes. Here, we also highlight experiments beyond simple imaging such as observations of diffusion dynamics of peroxisomal proteins.
Does the osteopathic pedal pump reduce lower limb volume in healthy subjects?
Authors: Adams Jill S. , Parikh Sahil H. , Goodwin Brandon J. , Noll Donald R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Lymphatic treatments are gentle and passive techniques believed to enhance movement of lymph back into the central circulatory system. Animal studies provide supportive evidence, yet there are few studies in humans.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the osteopathic pedal pump protocol reduces volume in the lower limbs of healthy subjects.

Methods
A total of 30 first- and second-year medical students were recruited. Subjects were excluded from participating if they had acute asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure, active infections, fractures of the lower extremities, or metastatic cancer. A within-subjects study design with pre- and posttreatment measurement of lower limb volume was utilized. Pretreatment lower limb volume measurements were obtained utilizing a volumetric water gauge prior to myofascial thoracic inlet release and a 5 min pedal lymphatic pump protocol treatment. Posttreatment lower limb measurements were taken immediately following the protocol treatment. A telephone interview was conducted 2–3 days after the treatment to assess the participants’ experience of the treatment and whether the treatment elicited a subjective change from baseline. A paired t test was utilized to determine the statistical significance of volume displacement posttreatment.

Results
The mean change of pretreatment to posttreatment lower limb volume was −45.63 mL with a standard deviation of 37.65 mL. The change between the pretreatment and posttreatment volume measurements was statistically significant (p<0.001). The minimum displacement was +19 mL, and the maximum displacement was −167 mL. The majority of participants perceived the treatment as effective and enjoyable, were likely to recommend it to others, and were willing to have it performed on them at routine office visits if there was a need.

Conclusions
The osteopathic pedal pump technique, when utilized on those without leg lymphedema, reduces lower limb volume as measured by the volumetric water gauge. Further studies are warranted, especially in persons with excess lower-extremity edema, lymphedema or venous stasis.
Strong coupling of multiple plasmon modes and excitons with excitation light controlled active tuning
Authors: Niu Yijie , Gao Long , Xu Hongxing , Wei Hong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
While the strong coupling between cavity modes and quantum emitters has been investigated in various systems, multiple surface plasmon modes in single nanostructures strongly coupling with excitons are rarely explored. Here, we investigate the strong coupling between three surface plasmon modes in silver nanowires and excitons in monolayer WSe2 at room temperature. Four plasmon-exciton polariton (plexciton) states are observed in the scattering spectra. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the hybrid system show clear splitting due to strong coupling, and the energies of the emission corresponding to the two lower plexciton states agree with that of the scattering very well. In addition, we show that the plasmon-exciton interaction in this system can be efficiently tuned by controlling the excitation power. These results reveal the fundamental properties of strong coupling between multiple plasmon modes and excitons, deepen the understanding of the correlation between scattering and PL spectra of plasmon-exciton strong coupling systems, and open up a new way to actively control the coupling between plasmonic nanostructures and two-dimensional semiconductors.
Farmer regeneration and knowledge co-creation in the sustainability of coconut agribusiness in Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Tolinggi Wawan K. , Salman Darmawan , Rahmadanih  , Iswoyo Hari 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Farmer regeneration in agribusiness sustainability originates from the innovation of knowledge co-creation among farmer generations and interaction between stakeholders within and outside local contexts. The present work aims at exploring knowledge co-creation in the context of different orientations between young and old farmers. It also seeks to characterize the orientation of the two farmer groups from the aspect of agriculture, processing, and marketing of coconut through knowledge co-creation interaction to further their agricultural activities. All data in this grounded theory research came from in-depth interviews; the data were further examined using an open, axial, and selective coding method. The transcription of the field note was analyzed using an ATLAS.ti version 9, a program for analyzing qualitative data. The sample of the study was 13 of young farmers (25 to 45 years old) and 17 of old farmers (45 to 65 years old). The results revealed that the old farmers focused on revitalizing coconut trees for long-term purposes. The knowledge co-creation process among this farmer group (with other stakeholders) put an emphasis on copra and cooking oil production. Young farmers, however, focused on coconut tree integration with annual plants for short-term purposes, especially on the virgin coconut oil and innovative products from foreign technology adaptation. In conclusion, coconut business sustainability is the byproduct of knowledge co-creation and engagement between old and young farmers. This condition results in the survivability of coconut farmers. The novelty of this study lies in the classification of the orientation of the two coconut farmer groups in terms of agricultural, processing, and marketing aspects, which results in knowledge co-creation and its relation to the sustainability of coconut agriculture.
A 2D Geometric Morphometric Assessment of Chrono-Cultural Trends in Osseous Barbed Points of the European Final Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic
Authors: Tsirintoulaki Kalliroi , Matzig David Nicolas , Riede Felix 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Studies on prehistoric osseous barbed points have relied heavily on typology in linking presumed types to broader techno-complexes, and for making chronological inferences. The accumulation of both new finds and of radiocarbon dates obtained directly on such artefacts, however, has revealed that (i) shape variability defies neat typological divisions, and that (ii) chronological inferences based on typology often fail. To further query these issues and to better understand the design choices and cultural evolutionary dynamics within this artefact class, we present a 2D open-outline geometric morphometric analysis of 50 directly dated Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene osseous barbed points primarily from northern and western Europe. The results indicate that (a) different components (tip, base, and barbs) of these artefacts were subject to varying design constraints and that (b) there is no clear-cut distinction between Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic point traditions. Different techno-functional components evolved at various rates while specimens assigned to the same type and/or techno-complex are only occasionally morphologically similar. The results reflect a relatively low level of normativity for this artefact class and likely a repeated convergence on similar design elements. We propose that interpretations linked to cultural dynamics, individual craft agency, and repeated convergence on locally optimal designs may offer more satisfying avenues for thinking about the barbed points of this period.