bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘They have shown me what I need to know’: spirits, the eternal family, and collective ethical responsibility in Utah Mormonism
Authors: Stiles Erin E. 
Published: May 2023

ResumenVisits from spirits are common among Latter‐day Saints (Mormons) in northern Utah, and most involve positive interactions with the spirits of helpful kin: the spirits of the deceased and of children not yet born. The spirit visits show that the Mormon cosmological notion of the eternal family is not simply abstract or something to imagine and long for in the afterlife. Rather, spirit members of the family are active in the world of the living, and both spirit and living members of the family are involved in the mutual project of salvation. The living and the spirits coexist in a relationship of mutual ethical responsibility centred on assisting one another with spiritual progress. Mormon notions of the eternal family are manifest in the mutual responsibility between the spirit world and the mortal world. An exploration of Mormon spirit interactions contributes to recent work in the anthropology of Christianity that emphasizes relationalism as a value by extending an understanding of this concept to include active ethical obligations between living and spirit kin.
The implications of cohabitation between working age children and parents for political opinions
Authors: JABBOUR ALEXANDRA 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA large number of young adults still live with their parents because they have difficulties entering the job market, because of low wages, or the cost of housing. Despite much research in social science on the consequences of this salient social trend, we lack an understanding of its implications for public opinion. This research note fills this gap by investigating whether such living arrangements between working age children and their parents is correlated with household members' political stances. Specifically, I expect that the anxiety induced by seeing their children having difficulties to become independent will lead parents to hold more negatives political stances, while the same outcome is expected from working age children who failed to fly the nest compared to their independent peers. Using data from the European Social Survey in 32 countries covering the period between 2002 and 2016, I show that, for both parents and young adults, cohabitation is associated with negative evaluations of the national economy and of the government's performance. Studies that do not take into account the situation of other household members might miss an important part of the opinion formation puzzle.
Physicochemical properties and molecular structure of starches from different wheat varieties and their influence on Chinese steamed bread
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Deng Lili , Zhang Jian , Ren Hongtao , Zhao Renyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStarch is one of the key factors for the texture of Chinese steamed bread (CSB). In this study, the molecular structures and physicochemical properties of starches from 11 wheat varieties with amylose content (AC) of 1.75%–28.79% were investigated. Northern style CSB was made using these wheat varieties to explore the structure–property–quality relationship of starches. AC was negatively correlated with the pasting and gelatinization properties. The relative crystallinity (RC) had a negative correlation with AC but a positive correlation with gelatinization. The molecular structure results from the fluorophore‐assisted capillary electrophoresis spectrophotometer indicated that the length of short amylopectin chains (βAp,i) was positively correlated with hot paste and cool paste viscosities. The amount of medium amylopectin chains (hAp,iii) was positively correlated with peak and breakdown viscosities but negatively correlated with setback viscosity. The hAp,iii had positive correlations with gelatinization temperatures and RC. The amount of long amylopectin chains (hAp,v) had a positive correlation with peak temperature. For the CSB texture, βAp,i had negative correlations with hardness and chewiness, whereas had a positive correlation with resilience. The hAp,iii was negatively correlated with springiness and resilience. The hAp,v was negatively associated with resilience.Practical ApplicationStarch has a vital role in wheat flour products. Clarifying the structure–property–quality relationship of starches will help illuminate the role of starch molecular structure in CSB production and provide valuable information for the control of CSB quality. It also provides a significant reference for wheat breeding.
The value of adding platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) to noncultured epidermal cell suspension (NCECS) in surgical treatment of stable resistant vitiligo: A self‐controlled randomised double‐blinded study
Authors: Abdel Halim Dalia M. , Fekry Ahmad , Mogawer Rania M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoncultured epidermal cell suspension (NCECS) is a commonly used surgical treatment for resistant stable acral vitiligo and vitiligo overlying joints. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been reported to enhance the repigmentation response of different therapeutic modalities for vitiligo, including vitiligo surgery.ObjectiveTo assess the value of adding of PRP to NCECS in the surgical treatment of acral vitiligo and vitiligo overlying joints.Patients and MethodsThis self‐controlled randomised trial included 15 patients with 30 lesions in which NCECS suspended in PRP was performed for one lesion and NCECS in ringer's lactate for another comparable lesion. Following NCECS, patients underwent thrice weekly excimer light sessions for 3 months. After 8 weeks, patients underwent preliminary assessment. By the end of the 3 months, both lesions were compared as regards improvement in surface area and pigmentation. Additionally, physician global assessment was made by a blinded investigator.ResultsSignificant improvement was reported in both lesional extent and pigmentation (after PRP and lactated ringer NCECS) with no statistical difference between them.ConclusionDespite previous promising results, suspending NCECS in PRP offered no privilege in surgical treatment of acral vitiligo and vitiligo overlying joints, which are quite resistant to treat.Pan African Clinical Trial registry IDPACTR202108873035929, Date: 16 August 2021.
From passerby to ally: Testing an intervention to challenge attributions for poverty and generate support for poverty‐reducing policies and allyship
Authors: Waddell Maitland W. , Wright Stephen C. , Mendel Jonathan , Dys‐Steenbergen Odilia , Bahrami McKenzie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the ubiquity of poverty, its causes remain largely misunderstood and many attribute poverty to individual shortcomings. This stigma not only predicts negative physical and mental health outcomes for those living in poverty, it also psychologically distances them from the economically advantaged. Thus, solutions to the problem of poverty should include efforts to reduce stigma among the economically advantaged, who are often crucial decision‐makers with the power and resources to act as allies. The current research utilized an intensive and immersive intervention designed to challenge the attributions that underpin poverty stigma. In two studies, we tested the effectiveness of this intervention. Results of both studies demonstrate that participation in the intervention consistently predicted more favorable attributions for poverty, and that these changes in attributions, in turn, had meaningful positive effects on participants’ support for poverty‐reducing policies and willingness to engage in poverty‐related allyship.
Educational experiences of young people withADHDin theUK: Secondary analysis of qualitative data from theCATCh‐uSmixed‐methods study
Authors: Russell Abigail Emma , Benham‐Clarke Simon , Ford Tamsin , Eke Helen , Price Anna , Mitchell Siobhan , Newlove‐Delgado Tamsin , Moore Darren , Janssens Astrid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity. Young people with ADHD have poorer educational and social outcomes than their peers. We aimed to better understand educational experiences of young people with ADHD in the UK, and make actionable recommendations for schools.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of qualitative data, we used Thematic Analysis to analyse information relating to experiences of education from 64 young people with ADHD and 28 parents who participated in the Children and adolescents with ADHD in Transition between Children's services and adult Services (CATCh‐uS) study. Emerging patterns within and across codes led to organization of the data into themes and subthemes through an iterative process.ResultsTwo main themes were generated. The first described young people's early experiences of education, often within a mainstream setting; we labelled thisthe problematic provision loop, as this was a negative cycle that was repeated several times for some participants. The second theme described young people's more positive progression through education once they progressed out of the problematic loop.ConclusionsEducational experiences for young people with ADHD are often negative and fraught with complication. Young people with ADHD often found themselves on a more positive trajectory after they were placed in an alternative form of education provision (mainstream or otherwise), or where they were able to study topics that interest them and play to their strengths. We make recommendations that commissioners, local authorities and schools could consider in order to better support those with ADHD.
Bridging the urban–rural gap: A qualitative examination of perceived access, barriers, risks and opportunities of children's digital learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fu Linyun , Zeng Yingying , Kang Xixi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has tremendously reshaped the landscape of education worldwide, shifting digital learning from a substitute to a possible necessity in a time of uncertainty. This study explored the digital learning experience for children in China during and after the lockdown periods from February 2020 to January 2022, with a particular focus on the urban–rural divide. Forty‐eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted with fifth‐ and sixth‐grade students, parents and teachers to obtain multiple perspectives regarding children's digital learning in YY County in southwestern China. This study revealed that the urban–rural digital divide is not rooted in differences in minimal access to digital devices per se but rather in meaningful access to make full use of those devices for extended learning purposes. The major barriers that give rise to the digital divide include teachers' technology challenges, internet addiction among children and a lack of parental supervision of children's digital use. However, digital learning also offers an opportunity to address educational inequality. This study calls for empowering rural teachers and parents to better support children's digital needs and boost their digital learning experience. Well‐designed virtual interventions, school‐ and community‐based programmes and policy interventions are potential solutions to address the needs of rural teachers, parents and children.
Do foreign institutional investors influence corporate climate change disclosure quality? International evidence
Authors: Bose Sudipta , Lim Edwin KiaYang , Minnick Kristina , Shams Syed 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe examine the association between foreign institutional ownership and climate change disclosure quality from 2006 to 2018 across 34 countries. We find that firms with a higher level of foreign institutional ownership demonstrate better quality climate change disclosures, whereas domestic institutional ownership has immaterial impacts on such disclosures. We utilize a difference‐in‐differences (DiD) analysis using a firm's addition to the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) index as an exogenous shock to control for endogeneity. Our findings are robust to various other endogeneity controls. We also establish evidence on an indirect effect of climate change disclosure quality in mediating the positive association between foreign institutional investors and firm valuation.Research Findings/InsightsWe find that the positive association between foreign institutional ownership and climate change disclosure quality is more pronounced for (1) firms domiciled in stakeholder‐orientated countries, (2) firms domiciled in countries that adopt emission trading schemes, and (3) firms with a greater level of information asymmetry. Additionally, our results are more robust when foreign investors are domiciled in countries that care more about the environment.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study contributes to climate change disclosures, corporate governance, and international business literature by showing that foreign rather than domestic institutional investors contribute to improved corporate climate change disclosure quality in their portfolio firms.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study urges regulators to increase their market oversight, especially in firms with less foreign institutional ownership. This is required because such firms are prone to exhibiting poorer accountability for their climate risk management practices, and their disclosures are bereft of effective external monitoring mechanisms.
Partitioning the effects of habitat loss, hunting and climate change on the endangered Chacoan peccary
Authors: Torres Ricardo , Kuemmerle Tobias , Baumann Matthias , Romero‐Muñoz Alfredo , Altrichter Mariana , Boaglio Gabriel I. , Cabral Hugo , Camino Micaela , Campos Krauer Juan M. , Cartes José L. , Cuéllar Rosa L. , Decarre Julieta , Gallegos Marcelo , Giordano Anthony J. , Lizarraga Leónidas , Maffei Leonardo , Neris Nora N. , Quiroga Verónica , Saldivar Silvia , Tamburini Daniela , Thompson Jeffrey , Velilla Marianela , Wallace Robert B. , Yanosky Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimLand‐use change and overexploitation are major threats to biodiversity, and climate change will exert additional pressure in the 21st century. Although there are strong interactions between these threats, our understanding of the synergistic and compensatory effects on threatened species' range geography remains limited. Our aim was to disentangle the impact of habitat loss, hunting and climate change on species, using the example of the endangered Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri).LocationGran Chaco ecoregion in South America.MethodsUsing a large occurrence database, we integrated a time‐calibrated species distribution model with a hunting pressure model to reconstruct changes in the distribution of suitable peccary habitat between 1985 and 2015. We then used partitioning analysis to attribute the relative contribution of habitat change to land‐use conversion, climate change and varying hunting pressure.ResultsOur results reveal widespread habitat deterioration, with only 11% of the habitat found in 2015 considered suitable and safe. Hunting pressure was the strongest single threat, yet most habitat deterioration (58%) was due to the combined, rather than individual, effects of the three drivers we assessed. Climate change would have led to a compensatory effect, increasing suitable habitat area, yet this effect was negated by the strongly negative and interacting threats of land‐use change and hunting.Main ConclusionsOur study reveals the central role of overexploitation, which is often neglected in biogeographic assessments, and suggests that addressing overexploitation has huge potential for increasing species' adaptive capacity in the face of climate and land‐use change. More generally, we highlight the importance of jointly assessing extinction drivers to understand how species might fare in the 21st century. Here, we provide a simple and transferable framework to determine the separate and joint effects of three main drivers of biodiversity loss.
The impact of diabetes on mortality rates after lower extremity amputation
Authors: Lauwers Patrick , Wouters Kristien , Vanoverloop Johan , Avalosse Hervé , Hendriks Jeroen M. H. , Nobels Frank , Dirinck Eveline ,   the Belgian Amputation Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of diabetes, amputation level, sex and age on mortality rates after lower extremity amputation (LEA) in Belgium, and to assess temporal trends in one‐year survival rates from 2009 to 2018.MethodsNationwide data on individuals who underwent minor and major LEA from 2009 to 2018 were collected. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed. A Cox regression model with time‐varying coefficients was used to estimate the likelihood of mortality after LEA in individuals with or without diabetes. Matched amputation‐free individuals with or without diabetes were used for comparison. Time trends were analysed.ResultsAmputations 41,304 were performed: 13,247 major and 28,057 minor. Five‐year mortality rates in individuals with diabetes were 52% and 69% after minor and major LEA, respectively (individuals without diabetes: 45% and 63%, respectively). In the first six postoperative months, no differences in mortality rates were found between individuals with or without diabetes. Later, hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality in individuals with diabetes (compared with no diabetes) after minor LEA ranged from 1.38 to 1.52, and after major LEA from 1.35 to 1.46 (all p ≤ 0.005). Among individuals without LEA, HRs for mortality in diabetes (versus no diabetes) were systematically higher compared to the HRs for mortality in diabetes (versus no diabetes) after minor and major LEA. One‐year survival rates did not change for individuals with diabetes.ConclusionsIn the first six postoperative months, mortality rates after LEA were not different between individuals with or without diabetes; later, diabetes was significantly associated with increased mortality. However, as HRs for mortality were higher in amputation‐free individuals, diabetes impacts mortality less in the minor and major amputation groups relative to the comparison group of individuals without LEA.
Storage and controlling factors of soil organic carbon in alpine wetlands and meadow across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Nie Xiuqing , Wang Dong , Ren Lining , Du Yangong , Zhou Guoying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlpine wetlands and meadows across the Three Rivers Source Region (TRSR) store high soil organic carbon (SOC). However, information on factors affecting SOC storage is scanty. Herein, we investigated SOC storage and explored factors affecting SOC storage, including climate, soil properties and above‐ and belowground biomass, using 50 soil profiles across the TRSR on the Tibetan Plateau. The SOC storage was 491.9 ± 158.5 Tg C and 545.2 ± 160.8 Tg C in the TRSR alpine wetlands and meadow, respectively. The SOC stock was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation. However, no significant correlation between SOC stock and mean annual temperature was observed, as opposed to the global trend. In addition, SOC stock was positively correlated with both the aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB). Soil pH indirectly affected SOC stock, while SOC stock positively correlated with Al and Fe oxyhydroxides. Compared with vegetation biomass and climatic factors, soil properties, including soil pH and Al and Fe oxyhydroxides (Aloand Feo), affected not only SOC stock variation but also affected the impact of vegetation and climatic factors on SOC stock. Climate factors, AGB, BGB, soil pH, Aloand Feo jointly accounted for 59% of SOC stock variation in alpine wetlands and 64% of SOC stock variation in alpine meadow. This study suggests that soil properties are the dominant factors affecting SOC variation in alpine wetlands and meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.
The paradox of learned song in a semi‐solitary mammal
Authors: Duengen Diandra , Ravignani Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLearning can occur via trial and error; however, learning from conspecifics is faster and more efficient. Social animals can easily learn from conspecifics, but how do less social species learn? In particular, birds provide astonishing examples of social learning of vocalizations, while vocal learning from conspecifics is much less understood in mammals. We present a hypothesis aimed at solving an apparent paradox: how can harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) learn their song when their whole lives are marked by loose conspecific social contact? Harbor seal pups are raised individually by their mostly silent mothers. Pups' first few weeks of life show developed vocal plasticity; these weeks are followed by relatively silent years until sexually mature individuals start singing. How can this rather solitary life lead to a learned song? Why do pups display vocal plasticity at a few weeks of age, when this is apparently not needed? Our hypothesis addresses these questions and tries to explain how vocal learning fits into the natural history of harbor seals, and potentially other less social mammals. We suggest that harbor seals learn during a sensitive period within puppyhood, where they are exposed to adult males singing. In particular, we hypothesize that, to make this learning possible, the following happens concurrently: (1) mothers give birth right before male singing starts, (2) pups enter a sensitive learning phase around weaning time, which (3) coincides with their foraging expeditions at sea which, (4) in turn, coincide with the peak singing activity of adult males. In other words, harbor seals show vocal learning as pups so they can acquire elements of their future song from adults, and solitary adults can sing because they have acquired these elements as pups. We review the available evidence and suggest that pups learn adult vocalizations because they are born exactly at the right time to eavesdrop on singing adults. We conclude by advancing empirical predictions and testable hypotheses for future work.