bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework for wake model calibration and validation with historical wind farm power data
Authors: Aerts Frederik , Lanzilao Luca , Meyers Johan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe expected growth in wind energy capacity requires efficient and accurate models for wind farm layout optimization, control, and annual energy predictions. Although analytical wake models are widely used for these applications, several model components must be better understood to improve their accuracy. To this end, we propose a Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework for physics‐guided data‐driven model enhancement. The framework incorporates turbulence‐related aleatoric uncertainty in historical wind farm data, epistemic uncertainty in the empirical parameters, and systematic uncertainty due to unmodeled physics. We apply the framework to the wake expansion parametrization in the Gaussian wake model and employ historical power data of the Westermost Rough Offshore Wind Farm. We find that the framework successfully distinguishes the three sources of uncertainty in the joint posterior distribution of the parameters. On the one hand, the framework allows for wake model calibration by selecting the maximum a posteriori estimators for the empirical parameters. On the other hand, it facilitates model validation by separating the measurement error and the model error distribution. In addition, the model adequacy and the effect of unmodeled physics are assessable via the posterior parameter uncertainty and correlations. Consequently, we believe that the Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework can be used to calibrate and validate existing and upcoming physics‐guided models.
A multimodal scanner coupling XRF, UV–Vis–NIR photoluminescence and Vis–NIR–SWIR reflectance imaging spectroscopy for cultural heritage studies
Authors: Moreau R. , Calligaro T. , Pichon L. , Moignard B. , Hermon S. , Reiche I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScanning x‐ray fluorescence (MA‐XRF), Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy (RIS) and Luminescence Imaging Spectroscopy (LIS) are scientific methods extensively used in the investigation of artworks in Cultural Heritage Science. Nevertheless, these three highly complementary imaging methods have never been implemented in a single instrument. In this paper, we present a scanning system that is the first to simultaneously combine MA‐XRF, RIS, and LIS techniques, generating spatially aligned hyperspectral datasets. The specifications of the instrument and of the collected datacubes are described, together with the processing pipeline developed for the coupled exploitation and interpretation. The operation of this instrument, combining XRF with RIS and LIS mapping in an extended range (400–2500 nm and 200–1000 nm, respectively), is exemplified on an anonymous test painting, studied previously. A focus on a restored area of this painting allows to illustrates the complementarity of the three aforementioned methods, for the visualization and characterization of pigments, varnish, and binders.
Web-Scale Semantic Product Search with Large Language Models
Authors: Muhamed Aashiq , Srinivasan Sriram , Teo Choon-Hui , Cui Qingjun , Zeng Belinda , Chilimbi Trishul , Vishwanathan S. V. N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDense embedding-based semantic matching is widely used in e-commerce product search to address the shortcomings of lexical matching such as sensitivity to spelling variants. The recent advances in BERT-like language model encoders, have however, not found their way to realtime search due to the strict inference latency requirement imposed on e-commerce websites. While bi-encoder BERT architectures enable fast approximate nearest neighbor search, training them effectively on query-product data remains a challenge due to training instabilities and the persistent generalization gap with cross-encoders. In this work, we propose a four-stage training procedure to leverage large BERT-like models for product search while preserving low inference latency. We introduce query-product interaction pre-finetuning to effectively pretrain BERT bi-encoders for matching and improve generalization. Through offline experiments on an e-commerce product dataset, we show that a distilled small BERT-based model (75M params) trained using our approach improves the search relevance metric by up to 23% over a baseline DSSM-based model with similar inference latency. The small model only suffers a 3% drop in relevance metric compared to the 20x larger teacher. We also show using online A/B tests at scale, that our approach improves over the production model in exact and substitute products retrieved.
Compactifying the Kerr-Schild double copy
Authors: Dempsey Ross , Weck Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We show that the classical double copy relationship for Kerr-Schild spacetimes can be dimensionally reduced to give a natural notion of the double copy for Kaluza-Klein theory with gravity coupled to a gauge field and a dilaton. Under dimensional reduction the Kerr-Schild (KS) ansatz becomes the stringy Kerr-Schild (sKS) ansatz introduced by Wu. This ansatz captures many Kaluza-Klein black hole solutions, including single-charge black holes arising in both gauged and ungauged supergravity theories. We identify the single copy gauge field and scalar field of an arbitrary sKS solution. We show that the boost-reduction procedure for generating charged black hole solutions can be generalized to any stationary KS seed, and used to combine the metric with the zeroth and single copies of that seed into a single sKS solution. Furthermore, we comment on multi-charge solutions that can be written in a multi-sKS form, proposing a double copy interpretation involving multiple single copy sectors.
Spontaneous scale symmetry breaking at high temperature
Authors: Lalak Z. , Michalak P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We consider a scale symmetric extension of the Standard Model Higgs scalar sector. The new sector, dilaton, is responsible for the generation of mass scales and may have geometric origin in the Weyl gravity $$ {\overset{\sim }{R}}^2 $$

R
~

2

term. We show how temperature as a mass scale breaks scale symmetry explicitly and through a nonvanishing thermal vev. In addition we demonstrate that cosmological evolution of the dilaton-Higgs system can lead to late time mass scales, which agree with the Standard Model.
Identification of canonical models for vectors of time series: a subspace approach
Authors: Garcia-Hiernaux Alfredo , Casals Jose , Jerez Miguel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a new method to specify linear models for vectors of time series with some convenient properties. First, it provides a unified modeling approach for single and multiple time series, as the same decisions are required in both cases. Second, it is scalable, meaning that it provides a quick preliminary model, which can be refined in subsequent modeling phases if required. Third, it is optionally automatic, because the specification depends on a few key parameters which can be determined either automatically or by human decision. And last, it is parsimonious, as it allows one to choose and impose a canonical structure by a novel estimation procedure. Several examples with simulated and real data illustrate its application in practice.
Low incidence of recurrence and chronic pain after groin hernia repair in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reistrup Hugin , Andresen Kristoffer , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The best operative management of groin hernia in adolescents is uncertain. The aim of this systematic review was to assess recurrence and chronic pain after mesh versus non-mesh repair for groin hernia in adolescents.

Methods
A systematic search was done in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL in May 2022 for studies reporting postoperative chronic pain (≥6 months) or recurrence after groin hernia repair in adolescents aged 10–17 years. We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies on primary unilateral or bilateral groin hernia repair. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis of the incidence of recurrence was conducted. This review is reported according to PRISMA guideline.

Results
A total of 21 studies including 3,816 adolescents with groin hernias were included comprising two randomized controlled trials, six prospective, and 13 retrospective cohort studies. For non-mesh repairs, the weighted mean incidence proportion of recurrence was 1.6% (95% CI 0.6–2.5) after 2,167 open repairs and 1.9% (95% CI 1.1–2.8) after 1,033 laparoscopic repairs. For mesh repairs, it was 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–1.4) after 406 open repairs while there were no recurrences after 347 laparoscopic repairs (95% CI 0.0–0.6). Across all surgical techniques, the rate of chronic pain after 1,153 repairs ranged from 0 to 11%. Follow-up time varied and was reported in various ways.

Conclusion
The incidences of recurrence after groin hernia repair in adolescents were low for both open and laparoscopic mesh and non-mesh repairs. Rates of postoperative chronic pain were low.

Trial registration
PROSPERO: CRD42022130554.
Asymptotics of the Hypergraph Bipartite Turán Problem
Authors: Bradač Domagoj , Gishboliner Lior , Janzer Oliver , Sudakov Benny 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor positive integers s, t, r, let $$K_{s,t}^{(r)}$$

K

s
,
t

(
r
)

denote the r-uniform hypergraph whose vertex set is the union of pairwise disjoint sets $$X,Y_1,\dots ,Y_t$$

X
,

Y
1

,
⋯
,

Y
t

, where $$|X| = s$$

|
X
|
=
s

and $$|Y_1| = \dots = |Y_t| = r-1$$

|

Y
1

|
=
⋯
=
|

Y
t

|
=
r
-
1

, and whose edge set is $$\{\{x\} \cup Y_i: x \in X, 1\le i\le t\}$$

{

{
x
}

∪

Y
i

:
x
∈
X
,
1
≤
i
≤
t
}

. The study of the Turán function of $$K_{s,t}^{(r)}$$

K

s
,
t

(
r
)

received considerable interest in recent years. Our main results are as follows. First, we show that $$\begin{aligned} \textrm{ex}\left( n,K_{s,t}^{(r)}\right) = O_{s,r}\left( t^{\frac{1}{s-1}}n^{r - \frac{1}{s-1}}\right) \end{aligned}$$

ex

n
,

K

s
,
t

(
r
)

=

O

s
,
r

t

1

s
-
1

n

r
-

1

s
-
1

for all $$s,t\ge 2$$

s
,
t
≥
2

and $$r\ge 3$$

r
≥
3

, improving the power of n in the previously best bound and resolving a question of Mubayi and Verstraëte about the dependence of $$\textrm{ex}(n,K_{2,t}^{(3)})$$

ex
(
n
,

K

2
,
t

(
3
)

)

on t. Second, we show that (1) is tight when r is even and $$t \gg s$$

t
≫
s

. This disproves a conjecture of Xu, Zhang and Ge. Third, we show that (1) is not tight for $$r = 3$$

r
=
3

, namely that $$\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(3)}) = O_{s,t}(n^{3 - \frac{1}{s-1} - \varepsilon _s})$$

ex

(
n
,

K

s
,
t

(
3
)

)

=

O

s
,
t

(

n

3
-

1

s
-
1

-

ε
s

)

(for all $$s\ge 3$$

s
≥
3

). This indicates that the behaviour of $$\textrm{ex}(n,K_{s,t}^{(r)})$$

ex
(
n
,

K

s
,
t

(
r
)

)

might depend on the parity of r. Lastly, we prove a conjecture of Ergemlidze, Jiang and Methuku on the hypergraph analogue of the bipartite Turán problem for graphs with bounded degrees on one side. Our tools include a novel twist on the dependent random choice method as well as a variant of the celebrated norm graphs constructed by Kollár, Rónyai and Szabó.
Temporal resolution of climate pressures on façades in Oxford 1815–2021
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter , Richards Jenny 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChanges in climate will exert increasing pressure on heritage, so standard climate metrics need to be tuned to heritage threats. Historical meteorological records are commonly available as monthly summaries, with few offering daily observations as daily readings may not have been taken or yet digitised. As data averaged over longer intervals misses short weather events, we investigate the extent to which temporal resolution is important for assessing climate pressures on façades. The Radcliffe Meteorological Station, Oxford, UK, provides the longest continual record of daily temperature and precipitation measurements in the UK. We use this record to assess the role of temporal scale in heritage climate parameters relating to (i) sunshine and warmth, (ii) rainy days and (iii) freezing events. Where there is a linear relationship between daily and monthly scale data, monthly observations can be interpolated as heritage climate parameters. However, for the majority of parameters, daily data was required to capture the variability in the datasets. We argue for the increased availability of daily observations to help assess the threat of climate to heritage.
Aging and regional productivity growth in Germany
Authors: Bode Eckhardt , Dohse Dirk , Stolzenburg Ulrich 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effects of aging on regional productivity growth, the mechanisms and the strength of which are not well-understood. We focus on two different manifestations of population aging—workforce aging and an increasing share of retirees—and investigate channels through which aging may impact on regional productivity growth for a panel of German counties 2000–2019. We find that workforce aging is more negatively associated with productivity growth in urban than in nonurban regions. A likely reason is that aging is detrimental to innovative and knowledge-intensive activities, which are heavily concentrated in cities. We also find a negative association between the share of the retired population and productivity growth in regions with a small household services sector. A likely reason is that older people’s disproportionate demand for local household services (including health care, recreation) requires a re-allocation of resources from more productive manufacturing or business services to less productive household services. Regions specialized more in highly productive industries have more to lose in this process.
Large effective size as determinant of population persistence in Anostraca (Crustacea: Branchiopoda)
Authors: Sainz-Escudero Lucía , Vila Marta , Perea Silvia , García-París Mario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fairy shrimpBranchinectella media, because of its passive dispersal capacity and scarce and irregularly distributed habitats (temporary saline aquatic systems), is an intriguing organism from a population genomics and conservation perspective. Stochasticity of dispersal events and the irregular distribution of its habitat might lead to low levels of population connectivity and genetic diversity, and consequently, populations with limited persistence through time. Indeed, by using genomic data (SNPs), we found a strong genetic structure among some of the geographically isolated Iberian populations ofB. media.Interestingly, we also obtained high estimates of effective population sizes. Lack of suitable habitat between populations (absence of a “stepping stone” network) and strong genetic differentiation suggest limited dispersal success inB. media. However, the high effective population sizes observed ensure persistence ofB. mediapopulations against genetic stochasticity (genetic drift). These results indicate that rescue-effect might not be essential for population persistence if they maintain high effective population sizes able to hold adequate levels of genetic diversity. Should high population sizes be reported in other low dispersing Anostraca, one might be optimistic with regard to their conservation status and fate, provided that their natural habitats remain undisturbed.
Sealed-bid versus ascending spectrum auctions
Authors: Bedard Nicholas C. , Goeree Jacob K. , Louis Philippos , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe compare the first-price sealed-bid (FPSB) auction and the simultaneous multiple-round auction (SMRA) in an environment based on the recent sale of 900 MHz spectrum in Australia. Three bidders compete for five indivisible items. Bidders can win at most three items and need to obtain at least two to achieve profitable scale, i.e. items are complements. Value complementarities, which are a common feature of spectrum auctions, exacerbate the “fitting problem” and undermine the usual logic for superior price discovery in the SMRA. We find that the FPSB outperforms the SMRA across a range of bidding environments: in terms of efficiency, revenue, and protecting bidders from losses due to the exposure problem. Moreover, the FPSB exhibits superior price discovery and almost always results in competitive (“core”) prices unlike the SMRA, which frequently produces prices that are too low because of demand-reduction or too high because of the exposure problem. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings by considering two-stage variants of the FPSB and SMRA as well as environments in which bidders know their own values but not the distributions from which values are drawn.
Genetic diversity among and within tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces grown in Southern Italy
Authors: Caramante Martina , Rouphael Youssef , Corrado Giandomenico 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLandraces can be defined as locally adapted cultivated forms of domesticated plant species that have distinctive traits resulting from both environmental adaptation and farmer selection. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), they are important for preserving genetic diversity and as a potential source of adaptive traits that are not found in contemporary commercial varieties. In this work, we analyzed the genetic variability within and between 16 tomato landraces originating in Southern Italy, a secondary center of diversity. We used the highly discriminant (GATA)4 DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic homogeneity, relationship, differentiation, and structure, as well as to infer the occurrence of possible contaminant or admixed genotypes. Within-landrace variability was found in a third of the landraces. The population structure (without using predefined groups) indicated in different instances, a correspondence between fruit type and landraces’ clusters. The results of multivariate and Bayesian analyses showed a low frequency of possible admixed or contaminant genotypes. Moreover, the quantification of intra-landrace variability allowed to estimate the potential loss of diversity in storing tomato landraces as pure lines. Finally, issues related to possible contamination of the germplasm also imply that more thorough assessment of variability is required not only to store genuine diversity but also to exploit tomato landraces in breeding programs.
Food Waste and Power Relations in the Agri-Food Chain. The Fruit Sector in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain)
Authors: Gascón Jordi , Larrea-Killinger Cristina , Solà Carlota 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies of food waste claim that its main causes are technological and logistical deficiencies in the first stages of the agri-food chain. The present article discusses this statement using a specific case as a starting point: the production of fruit in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). Since the 1980s, fruit production in this region has undergone a process of innovation and development. However, the agents who participate in the sector claim that the wasted volume of edible foodstuffs is greater than in previous times. This article argues that studies of food waste do not consider the power relations existing within the agri-food chain. When these relations are asymmetrical, technological innovation and logistics optimisation do not improve the efficiency of the system; rather, they help the hegemonic players to monopolise the commercial margin and transfer some of their running costs to the weaker agents. The ethnographic data for the study were obtained between 2017 and 2019 using qualitative research techniques.
Comparative analysis of deeply phenotyped GBM cohorts of ‘short-term’ and ‘long-term’ survivors
Authors: Biswas Archita , Salvucci Manuela , Connor Kate , Düssmann Heiko , Carberry Steven , Fichtner Michael , King Ellen , Murphy Brona , O’Farrell Alice C. , Cryan Jane , Beausang Alan , Heffernan Josephine , Cremona Mattia , Hennessy Bryan T. , Clerkin James , Sweeney Kieron J. , MacNally Steve , Brett Francesca , O’Halloran Philip , Bacon Orna , Furney Simon , Verreault Maite , Quissac Emie , Bielle Franck , Ahmed Mohammed H. , Idbaih Ahmed , Leenstra Sieger , Ntafoulis Ioannis , Fabro Federica , Lamfers Martine , Golebiewska Anna , Hertel Frank , Niclou Simone P. , Yen Romain Tching Chi , Kremer Andreas , Dilcan Gonca , Lodi Francesca , Arijs Ingrid , Lambrechts Diether , Purushothama Manasa Kalya , Kel Alexander , Byrne Annette T. , Prehn Jochen H.M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer that typically results in death in the first 15 months after diagnosis. There have been limited advances in finding new treatments for GBM. In this study, we investigated molecular differences between patients with extremely short (≤ 9 months, Short term survivors, STS) and long survival (≥ 36 months, Long term survivors, LTS).

Methods
Patients were selected from an in-house cohort (GLIOTRAIN-cohort), using defined inclusion criteria (Karnofsky score > 70; age < 70 years old; Stupp protocol as first line treatment, IDH wild type), and a multi-omic analysis of LTS and STS GBM samples was performed.

Results
Transcriptomic analysis of tumour samples identified cilium gene signatures as enriched in LTS. Moreover, Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of cilia in the tumours of LTS. Notably, reverse phase protein array analysis (RPPA) demonstrated increased phosphorylated GAB1 (Y627), SRC (Y527), BCL2 (S70) and RAF (S338) protein expression in STS compared to LTS. Next, we identified 25 unique master regulators (MR) and 13 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to ontologies of integrin signalling and cell cycle to be upregulated in STS.

Conclusion
Overall, comparison of STS and LTS GBM patients, identifies novel biomarkers and potential actionable therapeutic targets for the management of GBM.

Graphical abstract
Classification of pain intensity with the pain beliefs and perceptions inventory (PBPI) and the pain catastrophizing scales (PCS)
Authors: Blanch Angel , Solé Sílvia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The pain beliefs and perceptions inventory (PBPI) and the pain catastrophizing scales (PCS) characterize beliefs or distress dimensions of the pain experience. It is relatively unknown, however, to what degree the PBPI and the PCS are well suited to classifying pain intensity.

Methods
This study applied a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) approach to these instruments against the criterion of a visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain intensity with fibromyalgia and chronic back pain patients (n = 419).

Results
The largest areas under the curve (AUC) were moderate and limited to the constancy subscale (71%) and total score (70%) of the PBPI and to the helplessness subscale (75%) and total score (72%) of the PCS. The best cut-off scores for the PBPI and PCS were better off at detecting true negatives than true positives, with larger specificity than sensitivity values.

Conclusion
Whereas, the PBPI and PCS are certainly useful instruments to evaluate diverse pain experiences, they may be inappropriate to classify intensity. The PCS performs marginally better than the PBPI for classifying pain intensity.