bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ostreid herpesvirus‐1 microvariant surveillance in Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, Thunberg, 1793) in Australia in 2011
Authors: Moloney BJ , Deveney M , Ellard K , Hick P , Kirkland PD , Moody NJG , Frances J 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo demonstrate that OsHV‐1 microvariant was limited to the known infected areas in New South Wales at the time of the survey in 2011.DesignA 2‐stage survey to demonstrate probability of infection at 2% design prevalence within oyster growing regions and to detect at least one infected region (4% design prevalence) with 95% confidence.Sample PopulationMagallana gigas in nominated oyster growing regions in New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania as approved by the Aquatic Consultative Committee on Emergency Animal Diseases and documented in a national surveillance plan.ProcedureField sampling for active surveillance and laboratory selection of appropriate tissues using methods to minimize potential for cross contamination. Published methods for qPCR and conventional PCR for OsHV‐1 microvariant. Stochastic analysis of survey results to demonstrate probability of detection in the areas tested.Results and ConclusionsOsHV‐1 microvariant was not detected in a total 4121 samples according to the case definition developed for the survey. However, in NSW a screening qPCR for OsHV‐1 detected 13 samples that reacted. These samples were negative at 2 laboratories in the qPCR and conventional PCR assays used in the case definition for the survey. We concluded that oyster production areas of Australia outside the infected area in NSW met the criteria for self‐declaration of freedom at the time of the survey in 2011.Clinical RelevanceThis activity illustrated achievements in surveillance for an emerging emergency animal pathogen where epidemiological and test validation data were limited, but where data was required to inform the emergency disease response. It also illustrated the challenges faced by investigators in interpreting surveillance results using tests with limited validation. It was guided by and has informed improvements in surveillance and emergency disease preparedness.
Structural and tectonic assessment of the western Huincul High, Neuquén Basin (Argentina)—The role of structural inheritance and mechanical stratigraphy in inversion systems
Authors: Antonov Ivan , Scarselli Nicola , Adam Jürgen , Lenge Diego , Gutierrez Raul , McClay Ken , Costantino Diego 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Neuquén Basin is a major Mesozoic sedimentary depocentre located in the retroarc foreland of the Argentinian Andes. The basin hosts world renowned inversion systems that have been the target of georesource exploration for the last three decades. The Huincul High is a structurally and economically prominent ca. 270 km long, E–W trending feature that formed by the accretion of exotic Palaeozoic terranes, influencing subsequent Mesozoic deformation in the basin. Exploration in the Huincul High has been mainly focused on the shallow part of the inversion structures leaving a limited understanding of the deep structural architecture and early tectonic evolution, particularly in the western reaches of the high. This research reveals that Late Triassic extensional faulting was followed by widespread thermal subsidence in the Early Jurassic, as shown by the occurrence of an extensive ca. 60 km long, ca. 20 km wide, NE–SW‐trending, central depocentre. In the Early Jurassic, as contraction ensued across this regional sag basin, atypical inversion geometries were developed. These exhibited prominent thickening in the hanging‐wall and, strikingly, in the footwall of reactivated faults. The style of inversion was also markedly influenced by the mechanically weak stratigraphy of the thick, Lower Jurassic, Los Molles formation that promoted broad inversion folding, inhibited shortcut fault creation, and decoupled post inversion deformation from earlier faulting. Quantitative fault analysis suggests that the reactivated faults originated during the Late Triassic extensional phase as separate ca. 10 km long fault segments. The analysis also indicates that segmentation of extensional faults, as well as their orientation to the later contractional vector (SH), spatially dictated style and magnitude of inversion. This research highlights the critical role played by structural inheritance and mechanical stratigraphy in the development of inversion in the Neuquén Basin, which might be of relevance for characterising inversion systems elsewhere. This research also proposes an evolutionary model for the western reaches of the Huincul High that suggests crustal weakening and thermal sag in the Early Jurassic. Moreover, the model highlights a previously unknown late Early Cretaceous transtensional phase that overprints the main Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous inversion.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response to pasireotide in acromegaly
Authors: Ruiz Sabina , Gil Joan , Biagetti Betina , Venegas Eva , Cámara Rosa , Garcia‐Centeno Rogelio , Gálvez María‐Ángeles , Picó Antonio , Maraver Silvia , González Inmaculada , Abellán Pablo , Trincado Pablo , Herrera Mayte , Olvera Pilar , Xifra Gemma , Bernabeu Ignacio , Serra‐Soler Guillermo , Azriel Sharona , García Lourdes , Carvalho Davide , Jordà Mireia , Valassi Elena , Puig Josep , Puig‐Domingo Manel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveHyperintensity signal in T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been related to better therapeutic response during pasireotide treatment in acromegaly. The aim of the study was to evaluate T2 MRI signal intensity and its relation with pasireotide therapeutic effectiveness in real‐life clinical practice.Design, Patients and MeasurementsRetrospective multicentre study including acromegaly patients treated with pasireotide. Adenoma T2‐weighted MRI signal at diagnosis was qualitatively classified as iso‐hyperintense or hypointense. Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I), growth hormone (GH) and tumour volume reduction were assessed after 6 and 12 months of treatment and its effectiveness evaluated according to baseline MRI signal. Hormonal response was considered ‘complete’ when normalization of IGF‐I levels was achieved. Significant tumour shrinkage was defined as a volume reduction of ≥25% from baseline.ResultsEighty‐one patients were included (48% women, 50 ± 1.5 years); 93% had previously received somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) treatment. MRI signal was hypointense in 25 (31%) and hyperintense in 56 (69%) cases. At 12 months of follow‐up, 42/73 cases (58%) showed normalization of IGF‐I and 37% both GH and IGF‐I. MRI signal intensity was not associated with hormonal control. 19/51 cases (37%) presented a significant tumour volume shrinkage, 16 (41%) from the hyperintense group and 3 (25%) from the hypointense.ConclusionsT2‐signal hyperintensity was more frequently observed in pasireotide treated patients. Almost 60% of SRLs resistant patients showed a complete normalization of IGF‐I after 1 year of pasireotide treatment, regardless of the MRI signal. There was also no difference in the percentage tumour shrinkage over basal residual volume between the two groups.
Quality of life in caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Robertson Eden G. , Kelada Lauren , Best Stephanie , Goranitis Ilias , Pierce Kristine ,   CoGENeS Group, Bye Annie , Palmer Elizabeth E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) for caregivers of a child with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE; such as SCN2A and Dravet syndrome) and health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation.MethodAs part of a larger pre‐post pilot study of an information linker service, caregivers completed a baseline questionnaire which included demographics and measures to assess SCrQoL, health literacy, illness perceptions, and caregiver activation. We used Spearman's Rho to determine relationships between variables.ResultsSeventy‐two caregivers completed the questionnaire. Total SCrQoL varied widely, ranging from an ‘ideal state’ to ‘high needs state’. Caregivers most frequently reported high needs regarding doing activities they enjoy and looking after themselves. Total SCrQoL was correlated with cognitive (r[70] = −0.414, p < 0.000) and emotional representations of illness (r[70] = −0.503, p < 0.000), but not coherence (r = −0.075, p = 0.529). Total SCrQoL was not correlated with health literacy (r[70] = 0.125, p = 0.295) or caregiver activation (r[70] = 0.181, p = 0.127).InterpretationFuture research should explore whether interventions that help caregivers cognitively reframe the negative experiences of having a child with a DEE, and support them to partake in activities they enjoy, boost their SCrQoL.What this paper adds

Caregiver social care‐related quality of life (SCrQoL) varied widely, from ‘ideal state’ to ‘high needs state’.
Most common high needs were doing enjoyable activities and self‐care.
Caregivers with higher SCrQoL may perceive their child's illness as less threatening.
SCrQoL does not appear to be related to caregiver activation in this sample.
Implementing neurodevelopmental follow‐up care for children with congenital heart disease: A scoping review with evidence mapping
Authors: Abell Bridget R. , Eagleson Karen , Auld Benjamin , Bora Samudragupta , Justo Robert , Parsonage William , Sharma Pakhi , Kularatna Sanjeewa , McPhail Steven M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo identify and map evidence describing components of neurodevelopmental follow‐up care for children with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodThis was a scoping review of studies reporting components of neurodevelopmental follow‐up programmes/pathways for children with CHD. Eligible publications were identified through database searches, citation tracking, and expert recommendations. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted data. An evidence matrix was developed to visualize common characteristics of care pathways. Qualitative content analysis identified implementation barriers and enablers.ResultsThe review included 33 studies. Twenty‐one described individual care pathways across the USA (n = 14), Canada (n = 4), Australia (n = 2), and France (n = 1). The remainder reported surveys of clinical practice across multiple geographical regions. While heterogeneity in care existed across studies, common attributes included enrolment of children at high‐risk of neurodevelopmental delay; centralized clinics in children's hospitals; referral before discharge; periodic follow‐up at fixed ages; standardized developmental assessment; and involvement of multidisciplinary teams. Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness. Multi‐level stakeholder engagement and integration with other services were key drivers of success.InterpretationDefining components of effective neurodevelopmental follow‐up programmes and care pathways, along with enhancing and expanding guideline‐based care across regions and into new contexts, should continue to be priorities.What this paper adds

Twenty‐two different neurodevelopmental follow‐up care pathways/programmes were published, originating from four countries.

Twelve additional publications described broad practices for neurodevelopmental follow‐up across regions

Common attributes across eligibility, service structure, assessment processes, and care providers were noted.

Studies reported programme acceptability, uptake, cost, and effectiveness.

Implementation barriers included service cost/resourcing, patient burden, and lack of knowledge/awareness.
Male perspectives on clinical communication about sexual health in spina bifida
Authors: Rague James T. , Hirsch Josephine , Rosoklija Ilina , Meyer Theresa , Streur Courtney , Kielb Stephanie , Cheng Earl Y. , Bowen Diana K. , Yerkes Elizabeth B. , Chu David I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo assess perspectives on clinical communication about sexual health in young adult males with spina bifida.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted between February and May 2021 with males at least 18 years of age with spina bifida to assess their perspectives and experiences of sexual health communication with clinicians. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from chart review and a survey of patients. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and conventional content analysis was used for transcript coding.ResultsTwenty individuals participated with a median age of 22 years 6 months (range 18–29 years). Sixteen had myelomeningocele. Most identified as heterosexual (n = 17) and not sexually active (n = 13). Barriers and facilitators of successful interactions were identified. Barriers for participants included general discomfort with talking about sex and variability in individual preferences for how conversations occur. Facilitators included participants' comfort with their urologist and discussing sex in relation to disability. Suggestions for improving discussions included (1) notifying individuals that discussion about sex will occur before clinic visits; (2) creating space for discussions; (3) respecting individuals' readiness to discuss; and (4) making discussions disability specific.InterpretationYoung adult males with spina bifida are interested in discussing sexual health with their clinicians. Great variability exists about conversation preferences, emphasizing the need to individualize clinical communication about sex. Current health guidelines for males may not be in line with individuals' wishes.What this paper adds

Great variability exists in individual preference around sexual health communication.
Patient‐level barriers hinder successful conversations about sex.
Individuals have great insight into how conversations about sex can be improved.
‘No commercial activity leaves greater benefit’: The profitability of the Cuban‐based slave trade during the first half of the nineteenth century
Authors: Sanjuan‐Marroquin Jose Miguel , Rodrigo‐Alharilla Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the basis of the illegal slave trade between Africa and Cuba, measuring its volume and profit during the first half of the nineteenth century. Due to its illegal nature, the sources for exploring this trade were systematically destroyed, but we have been able to locate the accountancy of 17 expeditions that gives us a comprehensive understanding of the profits, margins, and risks. The basis to understanding this business was the murderous use of enslaved persons in the sugar mills, which forced a continuous repositioning through an illegal, although tolerated by the Spanish authorities, business. We demonstrate that from an economic point of view, the slave trade after illegalization was highly profitable, as the financial return of successful expeditions was near 100 per cent of the invested capital in less than a year. The risk of capture by the British authorities, associated with its illegal nature, was only high during the initial moments, and became steadily lower afterwards. In terms of volume, the trade of a half million enslaved persons illegally smuggled into Cuba produced what was probably the island's most important market.
Supporting carers to improve patient safety and maintain their well‐being in transitions from mental health hospitals to the community: A prioritisation nominal group technique
Authors: McMullen Sarah , Panagioti Maria , Planner Claire , Giles Sally , Angelakis Ioannis , Keers Richard N. , Robinson Catherine , Fu Yu , Johnson Judith , Tyler Natasha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCarers of people with mental illness may face distinct challenges, including navigating fragmented health and social services during discharge from mental health hospitals. Currently, limited examples of interventions that support carers of people with mental illness in improving patient safety during transitions of care exist. We aimed to identify problems and solutions to inform future carer‐led discharge interventions, which is imperative for ensuring patient safety and the well‐being of carers.MethodsThe nominal group technique was used which combines both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods in four distinct phases: (1) problem identification, (2) solution generation, (3) decision making and (4) prioritisation. The aim was to combine expertise from different stakeholder groups (patients, carers and academics with expertise in primary/secondary care, social care or public health) to identify problems and generate solutions.ResultsTwenty‐eight participants generated potential solutions that were grouped into four themes. The most acceptable solution for each was as follows: (1) ‘Carer Involvement and Improving Carer Experience’ a dedicated family liaison worker, (2) ‘Patient Wellness and Education’ adapting and implementing existing approaches to help implement the patient care plan, (3) ‘Carer Wellness and Education’ peer/social support interventions for carers and (4) ‘Policy and System Improvements’ understanding the co‐ordination of care.ConclusionThe stakeholder group concurred that the transition from mental health hospitals to the community is a distressing period, where patients and carers are particularly vulnerable to safety and well‐being risks. We identified numerous feasible/acceptable solutions to enable carers to improve patient safety and maintain their own mental wellbeing.Patient and Public ContributionPatient and public contributors were represented in the workshop and the focus of the workshop was to identify the problems they faced and co‐design potential solutions. Patient and public contributors were involved in the funding application and study design.
Role of B cells in immune‐related adverse events following checkpoint blockade
Authors: Dhodapkar Kavita M. , Duffy Alyssa , Dhodapkar Madhav V. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBlockade of immune checkpoints has transformed the therapy of several cancers. However, immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) have emerged as a major challenge limiting the clinical application of this approach. B cells are recognized as major players in the pathogenesis of human autoimmunity and have been successfully targeted to treat these disorders. While T cells have been extensively studied as therapeutic targets of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), these checkpoints also impact B cell tolerance. Blockade of immune checkpoints in the clinic is associated with distinct changes in the B cell compartment that correlate with the development of irAEs. In this review, we focus on the possible role of humoral immunity, specifically human B cell subsets and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of ICB‐induced irAEs. There remains an unmet need to better understand the T:B cell cross talk underlying the activation of pathogenic B cells and the development of ICB‐induced irAEs. Such studies may identify new targets or approaches to prevent or treat irAEs and improve the application of ICB therapy in cancer.
Dielectric and gyromagnetic structure modulations of Zn–Sn codoped yttrium–iron–garnet based on the density‐generalized functional theory and P–V–L bond theory
Authors: Yin Qisheng , Liu Yingli , Wang Xin , Liu Kui , Wu Jian , Li Jie , Chen Jianfeng , Lu Shifan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, the crystal structure, dielectric properties, and gyromagnetic characteristics of Zn–Sn codoped Y3ZnxSnxFe5−2xO12 (x = 0.0–0.5) prepared using a conventional ceramic process were investigated. According to the first‐principles’ calculations and complex crystal bonding theory, Zn2+–Sn4+ codoping can increase the relative dielectric constant (εr) by enhancing the average ionicity. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis results indicate that an appropriate amount of Zn2+–Sn4+ codoping can help improve the microscopic morphology, maintain the appropriate ratio of divalent iron ions, and reduce the microwave magnetic and electrical losses of YIG ferrites. The optimized microwave properties are as follows. Y3Zn0.3Sn0.3Fe4.4O12 after sintering at 1400°C; εr = 15.6; dielectric loss, that is, tanδε = 4.3 × 10−4; saturation magnetization, that is, 4πMS = 2244 G; ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, that is, ΔH = 37 Oe. These properties can help improve the performance of high‐frequency microwave components by enhancing the properties of ferrite.
Responsibility for Future Climate Justice: The Direct Responsibility to Mitigate Structural Injustice for Future Generations
Authors: Keij Daan , van Meurs Boris Robert 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn this article we argue that duties towards future generations are situated on the collective level and that they should be understood in terms of collective responsibility for structural injustice. In the context of climate change, it seems self‐evident that our moral duties pertain not only to the current generation but to future generations as well. However, conceptualizing this leads to the non‐identity problem: future persons cannot be harmed by present‐day choices because they would not have existed if other choices had been made. Recently, Charlotte Franziska Unruh has proposed a solution that places the duties not on the individual level but on the collective level. The current generation has a responsibility for future generations as a whole. This solution is promising, but we argue that it problematically overlooks the existence of unjust relations within the contemporary collective, as we all contribute differently to bringing future generations into existence. Therefore, we propose to graft Iris Marion Young's Social Connection Model, which is concerned with structural injustice, on to the discussion of responsibility for future generations. Our proposal incorporates the strengths of Unruh's arguments, while also allowing for a differentiated responsibility based on different implications in unjust structures.
Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography
Authors: Said Maha , Krogh Jesper , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Rasmussen Åse Krogh , Kristensen Thomas Skaarup , Rossing Caroline Maria , Johannesen Helle Hjorth , Oturai Peter , Holmager Pernille , Kjaer Andreas , Klose Marianne , Langer Seppo , Knigge Ulrich , Andreassen Mikkel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGuidelines for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) recommend intensive imaging surveillance without specifying a superior regimen, including the role of somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with positron emission tomography (PET). The primary outcomes were to: (1) Assess change in treatment of duodenal‐pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (DP‐NENs), bronchopulmonary NENs, and thymic tumors attributed to use of SRI PET/computed tomography (CT) and (2) estimate radiation from imaging and risk of cancer death attributed to imaging radiation. This was a retrospective single center study, including all MEN1 patients, who had had at least one SRI PET/CT. A total of 60 patients, median age 42 (range 21–54) years, median follow‐up 6 (range 1–10) years were included. Of 470 cross sectional scans (MRI, CT, SRI PET/CT), 209 were SRI PET/CT. The additional information from SRI PET had implications in 1/14 surgical interventions and 2/12 medical interventions. The estimated median radiation dose per patient was 104 (range 51–468) mSv of which PET contributed with 13 (range 5–55) mSv and CT with 91 mSv (range 46–413 mSv), corresponding to an estimated increased median risk of cancer death of 0.5% during 6 years follow‐up. SRI PET had a significant impact on 3/26 decisions to intervene in 60 MEN1 patients followed for a median of 6 years with SRI PET/CT as the most frequently used modality. The surveillance program showed a high radiation dose. Multi‐modality imaging strategies designed to minimize radiation exposure should be considered. Based on our findings, SRI‐PET combined with CT cannot be recommended for routine surveillance in MEN1 patients.