bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for accommodating gene-edited sires and their descendants in genetic evaluations
Authors: Sanglard Leticia P , See Garret M , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGene editing has the potential to expedite the rate of genetic gain for complex traits. However, changing nucleotides (i.e., QTN) in the genome can affect the additive genetic relationship among individuals and, consequently, impact genetic evaluations. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the impact of including gene-edited individuals in the genetic evaluation and investigate modeling strategies to mitigate potential errors. For that, a beef cattle population was simulated for nine generations (N = 13,100). Gene-edited sires (1, 25, or 50) were introduced in generation 8. The number of edited QTN was 1, 3, or 13. Genetic evaluations were performed using pedigree, genomic data, or a combination of both. Relationships were weighted based on the effect of the edited QTN. Comparisons were made using the accuracy, average absolute bias, and dispersion of the estimated breeding values (EBV). In general, the EBV of the first generation of progeny of gene-edited sires were associated with greater average absolute bias and overdispersion than the EBV of the progeny of non-gene-edited sires (P ≤ 0.001). Weighting the relationship matrices increased (P ≤ 0.001) the accuracy of EBV when the gene-edited sires were introduced by 3% and decreased (P ≤ 0.001) the average absolute bias and dispersion for the progeny of gene-edited sires. For the second generation of descendants of gene-edited sires, the absolute bias increased as the number of edited alleles increased; however, the rate of increase in absolute bias was 0.007 for each allele edited when the relationship matrices were weighted compared with 0.10 when the relationship matrices were not weighted. Overall, when gene-edited sires are included in genetic evaluations, error is introduced in the EBV, such that the EBV of progeny of gene-edited sires are underestimated. Hence, the progeny of gene-edited sires would be less likely to be selected to be parents of the next generation than what was expected based on their true genetic merit. Therefore, modeling strategies such as weighting the relationship matrices are essential to avoid incorrect selection decisions if animals that have been edited for QTN underlying complex traits are introduced into genetic evaluations.
Responses ofThrips hawaiiensisandThrips flavuspopulations to elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: Gu Zhaoyang , Zhang Ting , Long Shaocheng , Li Shuai , Wang Chun , Chen Qiuchi , Chen Jie , Feng Ziyi , Cao Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncreased atmospheric CO2 concentrations may directly affect insect behavior. Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan and T. flavus Schrank are economically important thrips pests native to China. We studied the development, survival, and oviposition of these two thrips under elevated CO2 concentrations (800 μl liter−1) and ambient CO2 (400 μl liter−1; control) conditions. Both thrips species developed faster but had lower survival rates under elevated CO2 levels compared with control conditions (developmental time: 13.25 days vs. 12.53 days in T. hawaiiensis, 12.18 days vs. 11.61 days in T. flavus; adult survival rate: 70.00% vs. 64.00% in T. hawaiiensis, 65.00% vs. 57.00% in T. flavus under control vs. 800 μl liter−1 CO2 conditions, respectively). The fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0), and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of the two species were also lower under elevated CO2 concentrations (fecundity: 47.96 vs. 35.44 in T. hawaiiensis, 36.68 vs. 27.88 in T. flavus; R0: 19.83 vs. 13.62 in T. hawaiiensis, 14.02 vs. 9.86 in T. flavus; and rm: 0.131 vs. 0.121 in T. hawaiiensis, 0.113 vs. 0.104 in T. flavus under control and 800 μl liter−1 CO2 conditions, respectively). T. hawaiiensis developed slower but had a higher survival rate, fecundity, R0, and rm compared with T. flavus at each CO2 concentration. In summary, elevated CO2 concentrations negatively affected T. hawaiiensis and T. flavus populations. In a world with higher CO2 concentrations, T. hawaiiensis might be competitively superior to T. flavus where they co-occur.
A four-decade profile of apicultural demographics and production in New Zealand, 1980–2020
Authors: Phiri Bernard J , Pragert Hayley , Taylor Byron , Hall Richard J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The demand for honey and pollination services has continued to grow in many countries worldwide, including New Zealand. This has influenced changes in the demographics of the managed population of honey bees (Apis mellifera). We examined historical data to describe how the apicultural demographics in New Zealand have changed temporally and geographically in the four decades to 2020. We also describe trends in honey production and the economic value of pure honey exported from New Zealand between 2000 and 2020. Our findings suggest that commercial apiculture has been key to the intensification of beekeeping in New Zealand during the study period. This is supported by evidence showing pronounced expansion of beekeeping operations among those with more than 1,000 colonies. The intensification has resulted in the density of apiaries increasing threefold across New Zealand during the four decades. While higher numbers of colonies per area produced higher volumes of honey, there was no corresponding improvement in production efficiency. Honey yields per apiary or colony, as indicators of production efficiency, appear to decline from the mid-2000s. The volume of pure honey export increased over 40-fold, a magnitude approximately ten times higher than that of production increase. This reflects a substantial increase in returns from honey exports, mostly driven by the price of mānuka honey. Our findings add to a pool of information to support evidence-based decision making to enhance honey bee health and develop the apicultural industry in New Zealand.
Integrated pest management of Hypsipyla robusta shoot-tip borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Chukrasia tabularis (Sapindales: Meliaceae)
Authors: Chi Nguyen Minh , Pham Duy Long , Nhung Nong Phuong , Hoa Nguyen Thi Hai , Do Truong Tat , Tra Tran Thi Le , Loi Vu Van , Thuy Pham Thi Thu , Hai Nguyen Duc , Tuan Duong Xuan , Thu Pham Quang , Dell Bernard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss produces a valuable timber but plantations are susceptible to attack by the shoot-tip borer Hypsipyla robusta Moore. An integrated pest management (IPM) approach is desirable to limit the extent of damage. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the deployment of IPM measures in plantations in Vietnam. Data on tree damage and the biology of H. robusta were gathered in 4 provinces over one year and used to build an investigation schedule. Two preliminary IPM trials were then established in which Bacillus thuringiensis and Metarhizium anisopliae were applied to the foliage when the damage incidence (P%) was in the range 5–10%; and insecticides (Carbaryl, Carbosulfan) were applied when the P% exceeded 10%. In addition, larvae and pupae were removed manually over time. In the first trial, the combination of manual and biological control methods reduced the damage index (DI) of trees from 4 tolerant families by 82% compared to the untreated control plots. In the second trial using standard planting stock, application of insecticides was required to reduce the DI by 83%. Six extended IPM trials were undertaken using the same IPM protocols and these reduced the DI to the same extent as in the preliminary trials. Over an 18-month period, the deployment of IPM increased height growth by 19–22% and diameter growth by 38–41% compared to the controls. These findings highlight the value of planting improved seed and the benefit of adopting an IPM approach to manage the shoot-tip borer.
Trajectories of Psychopathology and Dysregulation 2–4 Years following Adolescent Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bejarano Carolina M , Gowey Marissa , Reiter-Purtill Jennifer , Ley Sanita , Mitchell James E , Zeller Meg H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study examined psychopathology and weight over 4 years following bariatric surgery in adolescents with obesity, as compared to a nonsurgical group. The role of psychological dysregulation in relation to psychopathology in the 2–4 year “maintenance phase” following surgery was also examined.

Methods
Adolescent participants (122 surgical and 70 nonsurgical) completed height/weight and psychopathology assessments annually for 4 years, with dysregulation assessed at Year 2. Analyses examined the association of “High” and “Low” psychopathology with weight over time using logistic regression. Mediation analyses in the surgical group examined indirect effects of dysregulation on percent weight loss through Year 4 psychopathology.

Results
There were lower odds of “High” internalizing symptoms in the surgical group versus the nonsurgical group from baseline (presurgery) to Year 4 (OR = .39; p &lt; .001; 42.3% “High” internalizing in surgical; 66.7% in nonsurgical) and during the 2–4 year maintenance phase (OR = .35, p &lt; .05; 35.1% “High” internalizing in surgical; 60.8% in nonsurgical). There was a significant mediation effect in the surgical group: higher dysregulation was associated with greater Year 4 internalizing symptoms (β = .41, p &lt; .001) which in turn was associated with less Year 4 percent weight loss (β = −.27, p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
While the surgical group was less likely to experience internalizing symptoms, internalizing psychopathology was related to less percent weight loss in this group. Internalizing symptoms mediated the relationship between dysregulation and percent weight loss in the surgical group. Postoperative mental health follow-up is needed for adolescents into young adulthood.
Oxidative Stress Levels and Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Balance in Preterm Newborns with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet Semih , Kilicbay Fatih , Erdal Huseyin , Tunc Gaffari 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress (OS) levels and dynamic thiol-disulfide balance in preterm newborns with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods
This prospective study included newborns separated into 2 groups, those with BPD (case) or without BPD (control). The 2 groups were compared by clinical and laboratory findings. The OS parameters total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), OS index (OSI), native thiol (NT), and total thiol were measured within the first day after birth. Oxygen requirements were measured using the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) recorded in the first hour after birth/admission and the average FIO2 within 28 days of the birth.

Results
Infants diagnosed with BPD had a significantly lower gestational age and birth weight and a lower 5-min Apgar score (P &lt; .05). Infants with BPD also had a higher rate of respiratory distress syndrome, rate of use of surfactant therapy, duration of ventilation therapy, and duration of hospital stay compared with control (P = .001, P = .001, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). Plasma TAS and NT levels of newborns with BPD were significantly lower than newborns without BPD (P &lt; .05). In the BPD group, plasma TOS and OSI levels were significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusion
We found that OS was increased in newborns with BPD. The clinical significance of this study will provide the clinician with a different perspective on BPD by determining the dynamic thiol disulfide balance.
Diversification Models Conflate Likelihood and Prior, and Cannot be Compared Using Conventional Model-Comparison Tools
Authors: May Michael R , Rothfels Carl J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Time-calibrated phylogenetic trees are a tremendously powerful tool for studying evolutionary, ecological, and epidemiological phenomena. Such trees are predominantly inferred in a Bayesian framework, with the phylogeny itself treated as a parameter with a prior distribution (a “tree prior”). However, we show that the tree “parameter” consists, in part, of data, in the form of taxon samples. Treating the tree as a parameter fails to account for these data and compromises our ability to compare among models using standard techniques (e.g., marginal likelihoods estimated using path-sampling and stepping-stone sampling algorithms). Since accuracy of the inferred phylogeny strongly depends on how well the tree prior approximates the true diversification process that gave rise to the tree, the inability to accurately compare competing tree priors has broad implications for applications based on time-calibrated trees. We outline potential remedies to this problem, and provide guidance for researchers interested in assessing the fit of tree models. [Bayes factors; Bayesian model comparison; birth-death models; divergence-time estimation; lineage diversification]
Concurrent Surgery for Locoregional Gynecologic Cancers and Pelvic Floor Disorders in a Population of Patients With Medicare Insurance
Authors: Corey Logan , Seaton Randell , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Bretschneider Carol Emi , Vezina Alex , Do Trieu , Hobson Deslyn , Winer Ira 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the rate of concurrent surgery for locoregional gynecologic cancer and pelvic organ prolapse–urinary incontinence (POP–UI) and to assess the rate of surgery for POP–UI within 5 years for those who did not undergo concurrent surgery.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study. The SEER-Medicare data set was used to identify cases of local or regional endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer diagnosed from 2000 to 2017. Patients were followed up for 5 years from diagnosis. We used χ2 tests to identify categorical variables associated with having a concurrent POP–UI procedure with hysterectomy or within 5 years of hysterectomy. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% CIs adjusted for variables statistically significant (α=.05) in the univariate analyses.

RESULTS:
Of 30,862 patients with locoregional gynecologic cancer, only 5.5% underwent concurrent POP–UI surgery. Of those with a preexisting diagnosis related to POP–UI, however, 21.1% had concurrent surgery. Of the patients who had a diagnosis of POP–UI at the time of initial surgery for cancer and who did not undergo concurrent surgery, an additional 5.5% had a second surgery for POP–UI within 5 years. The rate of concurrent surgery remained constant over the time period (5.7% in 2000 and 2017) despite an increase in the frequency of POP–UI diagnosis in the same time frame.

CONCLUSION:
The rate of concurrent surgery for patients with an early-stage gynecologic cancer and POP–UI–associated diagnosis in women older than age 65 years was 21.1%. Of women who did not undergo concurrent surgery but had a diagnosis of POP–UI, 1 in 18 underwent surgery for POP–UI within 5 years of their index cancer surgery. Dedicated efforts must be made to identify patients who would most benefit from concurrent cancer and POP–UI surgery in those with locoregional gynecologic cancers and pelvic floor disorders.
Universal Tetanus–Diphtheria–Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Egan Rachel C. , Chaiken Sarina R. , Derrah Kelli , Doshi Uma , Hersh Alyssa , Packer Claire H. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the cost effectiveness of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination in pregnant patients in the United States.

METHODS:
A decision-analytic model in TreeAge was developed to compare universal Tdap vaccination in pregnancy with no Tdap vaccination in pregnancy using a theoretical cohort of 3.66 million pregnant individuals, the approximate number of deliveries per year in the United States. Outcomes included infant pertussis infections, infant hospitalizations, infant encephalopathy cases, infant deaths, and maternal pertussis infections. All probabilities and costs were derived from the literature. Utilities were applied to discounted life expectancies at a rate of 3% to generate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). A strategy was considered cost effective if it had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of less than $100,000 per QALY. Univariable and multivariable sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the model to changes in the baseline assumptions.

RESULTS:
With a baseline assumption of vaccine cost at $47.75, Tdap vaccination was cost effective at $7,601 per QALY. The vaccination strategy was associated with a decrease of 22 infant deaths, 11 infant encephalopathy cases, 2,018 infant hospitalizations, 6,164 infant pertussis infections, and 8,585 maternal pertussis infections, with an increase of 19,489 QALYs. In sensitivity analyses, the strategy was cost effective until the incidence of maternal pertussis became lower than 1.6 cases per 10,000 individuals, the cost of the Tdap vaccine was greater than $540, or previous pertussis immunity was present in more than 92.1% of pregnant individuals.

CONCLUSION:
In a theoretical U.S. cohort of 3.66 million pregnant individuals, Tdap vaccination during pregnancy is cost effective and reduces infant morbidity and mortality compared with no vaccination during pregnancy. These findings are especially relevant given that approximately half of individuals are not vaccinated during pregnancy and recent data have shown that postpartum maternal vaccination and cocooning strategies are ineffective. Public health strategies to encourage greater uptake of Tdap vaccination should be used to reduce the morbidity and mortality of pertussis infection.
Prescription Opioid Use for Acute Pain and Persistent Opioid Use After Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Matteson Kristen A. , Schimpf Megan O. , Jeppson Peter C. , Thompson Jennifer C. , Gala Rajiv B. , Balgobin Sunil , Gupta Ankita , Hobson Deslyn , Olivera Cedric , Singh Ruchira , White Amanda B. , Balk Ethan M. , Meriwether Kate V. ,   for the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Systematic Review Group
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the amount of opioid medication used by patients and the prevalence of persistent opioid use after discharge for gynecologic surgery for benign indications.

DATA SOURCES:
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to October 2020.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Studies with data on gynecologic surgical procedures for benign indications and the amount of outpatient opioids consumed, or the incidence of either persistent opioid use or opioid-use disorder postsurgery were included. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data from eligible studies.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Thirty-six studies (37 articles) met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from 35 studies; 23 studies included data on opioids consumed after hospital discharge, and 12 studies included data on persistent opioid use after gynecologic surgery. Average morphine milligram equivalents (MME) used in the 14 days after discharge were 54.0 (95% CI 39.9–68.0, seven tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) across all gynecologic surgery types, 35.0 (95% CI 0–75.12, 4.5 tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) after a vaginal hysterectomy, 59.5 (95% CI 44.4–74.6, eight tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) after laparoscopic hysterectomy, and 108.1 (95% CI 80.5–135.8, 14.5 tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) after abdominal hysterectomy. Patients used 22.4 MME (95% CI 12.4–32.3, three tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) within 24 hours of discharge after laparoscopic procedures without hysterectomy and 79.8 MME (95% CI 37.1–122.6, 10.5 tablets of 5-mg oxycodone) from discharge to 7 or 14 days postdischarge after surgery for prolapse. Persistent opioid use occurred in about 4.4% of patients after gynecologic surgery, but this outcome had high heterogeneity due to variation in populations and definitions of the outcome.

CONCLUSION:
On average, patients use the equivalent of 15 or fewer 5-mg oxycodone tablets (or equivalent) in the 2 weeks after discharge after major gynecologic surgery for benign indications. Persistent opioid use occurred in 4.4% of patients who underwent gynecologic surgery for benign indications. Our findings could help surgeons minimize overprescribing and reduce medication diversion or misuse.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:
PROSPERO, CRD42020146120.
Maternal Malignancy After Atypical Findings on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Prenatal Cell-Free DNA Screening
Authors: Goldring Georgina , Trotter Cindy , Meltzer Jeffrey T. , Souter Vivienne , Pais Lynn , DiNonno Wendy , Xu Wenbo , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Vora Neeta L. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of cell-free DNA results suspicious for maternal malignancy on prenatal cell-free DNA screening with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based technology.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included data from SNP-based, noninvasive prenatal screening samples from a commercial laboratory from January 2015 to October 2021. Maternal plasma was screened for trisomy 21, 18, and 13; monosomy X; and triploidy. Cases were considered suspicious for maternal malignancy if retrospective bioinformatics and visual inspection of the SNP plot were suggestive of multiple maternal copy number variants across at least two of the tested chromosomes. Clinical follow-up on patients was obtained by contacting individual referring clinician offices by telephone, facsimile, or email.

RESULTS:
A total of 2,004,428 noninvasive prenatal screening samples during the study period met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Of these, 38 samples (0.002% or 1 in 52,748, 95% CI 1:74,539–1:38,430) had SNP-plot results that were suspicious for maternal malignancy. Maternal health outcomes were obtained in 30 of these patients (78.9%); eight were lost to follow-up. Maternal malignancy or suspected malignancy was identified in 66.7% (20/30) of the 30 patients with clinical follow-up provided by the clinic. The most common maternal malignancies were lymphoma (n=10), breast cancer (n=5), and colon cancer (n=3).

CONCLUSION:
Results suspicious for maternal malignancy are rare with SNP-based noninvasive prenatal screening (1:53,000), but two thirds of patients who had a noninvasive prenatal screening result concerning for malignancy in this study had a cancer diagnosis. Investigation for malignancy should be recommended for all pregnant patients with this type of result.

FUNDING SOURCE:
This study was funded by Natera, Inc.