bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Modelling of the Plunger Lift Considering Effects of Fluid Friction and Plunger Travel Velocity
Authors: Rajvanshi Saurabh , Nischal Rajiv , Prasad Bulusu V. R. V , Yadav Mahendra Prasad , Kumar Avinav , Gaur Devendra Pratap , Sethi Divyansh , Sharma Aman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plunger lift technique is a well-known, widely accepted and economical artificial lift alternative, especially in deliquification of gas wells and to increase the efficiency of intermittently flowing oil wells. This study includes impact of fluid friction losses and variable plunger travel velocity in mathematical modelling of plunger lift design.
The design of plunger lift system, in most models, is simulated by a fix value of fluid friction losses based on plunger velocity, which does not consider the variable effects of the friction factor calculation based on Colebrook equation or complex multiphase flow. To consider these effects, other equations must be solved simultaneously with the well-known Foss and Gaul equations. Solution of the plunger lift design equation becomes even more complicated if the fluid friction properties are not uniform.
Foss and Gaul suggested an approximation for gas and liquid friction are constant for a given tubing size and a plunger velocity of 1,000 ft/min. Plunger travel velocity is the important parameter in design. The velocity at which the plunger travels up the tubing also affects the plunger efficiency. Very low velocity of plunger increases gas slippage and subsequently lead to inefficient operation. Whereas, high plunger velocities tend to push the plunger through the liquids. A steady state mathematical modelling and sensitivity analysis considering broad estimates, has been done using Python language. This approach can simulate any combination of associated parameters for plunger lift design in a relatively simple and effective manner.
The numerical results are compared to the actual available data. Analysis of the numerical results shows that the effects of fluid friction losses and plunger travel velocity are important for accurate modelling and design of the plunger lift system.
Insights from the Development of Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs in Structurally Complex Geological Settings
Authors: Funk Erich , Olmeda Mariana Alejandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe wide range in geological complexity encountered in fractured carbonate reservoirs requires the combination of several elements to optimize their development: a favorable structural position for drilling needs to be paired with the understanding of the fluid connectivity pathways affecting its location. In addition, the well placement criteria will vary depending on the stage of maturity of the field. This work aims to summarize key observations acquired by the authors during over a decade of field development experience in faulted and fractured carbonate oil reservoirs in the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.The methodology of this work includes the analysis of different fracture types and their context of occurrence with respect to well behaviors during drilling, production and surveillance stages. These correlations are based on the authors’ observations from a number of producing oil fields where vertical and horizontal wells in deformed sections provided insights to the wide spectrum of geological features and their hierarchical range in flow potential. Commonalities observed from these fields are presented in this paper in a generic fashion covering multi-scale data sets.The work summarizes the understanding of the diverse fracture networks and their dynamic behavior along with key remarks on optimizing well placement criteria and completion strategies according to the maturity of the field and, ultimately, to improve the field development strategy. Outcrop examples are used to introduce the array of fracture categories encountered in subsurface and to guide the discussion on the dimension of scale and their spatial relationship relative to each other as contributors to reservoir plumbing systems and observed reservoir dynamics. As a result of this analysis, the challenges related to fractured and faulted carbonate fields such as water breakthrough scenarios, cumulative rise in water production and underperforming reservoir sections are addressed.This paper therefore intends to contribute to the discussion on development strategies, definition, and selection of drilling targets and well design applied in fractured and faulted carbonate reservoirs by utilizing observations from different reservoir types in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Smart Knowledge Submission System Based on Natural Language Processing (NLP) Leveraging on Language Modelling Approach
Authors: Idris Muhammad Azmi , Alsultan Hussah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHaving a reliable classification of knowledge assets in a corporate knowledge base system in an oil and gas company is challenging. This is due to the tremendous amount and variety of knowledge assets generated by complex business and engineering processes. Submission of the knowledge assets is one of the main challenges as users may choose the wrong knowledge type or classification. A lengthy manual review process is required to evaluate the submission and some need to be rejected and returned to users. Incorrect classification of knowledge assets may cause issues in knowledge search engines as users cannot find correct articles due to the misclassification of the knowledge assets. In another challenge, some assets knowledge submission is duplicated as other users have submitted the same assets.Our research evaluates the potential of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications in the form of neural language modeling transformers. The models will generate the following functions: Knowledge categorization: Automatically categorizes the knowledge items based on the given abstract. This will reduce the possibility of the wrong classification that can prevent the knowledge from being published, simplify knowledge submission and expedite the knowledge review process.Text Summarization: Automatically generating a summary of knowledge assets that can be used as short descriptions or abstracts during knowledge submission.Document Semantic Similarity: Identifies similar documents in terms of the context that can help for document search or deletion of duplicate documents
Improving the Productivity of Highly Damaged Intervals in Low Draw-Down Oil Wells Using Dynamic Under-Balance Gun Type: Case Study in Gulf of Suez Offshore Field, Egypt
Authors: El Shiekh Mahmoud Ibrahim , Koriesh Mahmoud Mohamed , Vazquez Maria Leticia , Mousa Ali ELbasyouni , Ibrahim Mostafa Mamdouh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThrough tubing perforating guns that are deployed by means of electric line has been the most economic perforation technique to provide connectivity between the pay zone and the wellbore in cased hole wells. Conventional E-line guns was the most common type of guns used, however during the last two decades various types of guns has been raised to improve the perforation efficiency.In offshore operating companies including Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company "GUPCO" rig-less perforation has been proved to be the cheapest stimulation method, in case of re-perforating an existing interval, when compared to coiled tubing jobs that requires rig-assist or even acid bull-heading which will need at least a fully prepared vessel for chemical tank storage in addition to the highly cost acid itself. Moreover, it is much cheaper than tubing conveyed type that is always accompanied with rig work-over. So using dynamic under-balance gun has become a smart solution that will recover all debris in perforation tunnels in order to achieve the maximum oil recovery.When using conventional guns for re-perforating existing intervals there is a large contrast in the degree of success, and it was obvious that in law draw-down wells re-perforating the low productivity intervals has minor improvement and in most cases it was useless this was latterly explained to be resulted from the insufficient underbalance.In this work, implementation of a specific type of guns (Dynamic under-balance perforating guns) will be presented. The mentioned type generates in-situ underbalance creating an instantaneous and controlled surge of formation fluids into the well, which cleans the perforation tunnels up to 97% and enhances the well's productivity. The dynamic under-balance perforation technique has been tried in four wells that seemed from production logs are contributing with little share or sometimes not sharing at all which has been attributed to skin effect. After re-perforation, the results were outstanding with an increase of 20–40% in the total liquid rate and incremental increase in the oil rate with more than 2000 BOPD in the mentioned wells. The stated results revealed that the oil-bearing intervals are now competing with the high productivity high water cut intervals which considered a valuable gain with considerable very low job cost.The new guns type has proved its success especially when compared its results with the previous re-perforation jobs using conventional guns in the same wells where the incremental oil gain was much less. It can be used as a cheap alternative for near well-bore stimulation jobs especially for offshore platform wells.
Modified Testing Protocol to Determine the Precise Thickening Time of Cement Slurry: A Field-centered Approach to Prevent the Premature Setting of Cement Slurry while Placement and Maximizing the Operational Efficiency
Authors: Ali Wajid , Al-Turki Faisal Abdullah , Lopez Fabian , Bouaraki Mouloud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses some challenges concerning cement slurry designs, focused on thickening time, requiring careful engineering practices, and proper cementing operational considerations. It presents a series of thickening time test studies compared to "conventional testing practice" versus "field simulated testing" to illustrate the differences between results.Many aspects of oilfield cementing are sufficiently important to warrant study. One area that requires attention is the procedures used to design the cement slurry in the well. The batch-mix and static conditions influence the physical attributes of oilfield cement, including thickening time. Conventional laboratory testing invariably follows the API procedure for thickening time. Although this might be adequate in most cases, it may only precisely predict field behavior (at actual conditions) in some cases.Conventional thickening time tests may not necessarily indicate the true responsiveness of cement slurry. Traditional thickening time waiting periods do not relate directly to how long a slurry can remain static and still be moveable after an inadvertent or intentional shutdown during placement. Mixing, pumping, and displacing the cement (including any shutdown) affect the hydration and thickening behavior. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the relative contributions from each part of the process toward the thickening time to help prevent failures. These contributions might not significantly impact slurry properties but should be quantified and understood. The reliable prediction of cement thickening time can be vital to the success of oilfield cementing operations. Because cement placement techniques have become complex, delivering slurry with accurate thickening time can be crucial to the job's success.This paper presents a modified testing protocol to evaluate the effects of batch-mixing and static-period on cement slurry's thickening time to minimize the incidents related to the premature setting of cement slurry.
Sufficient conditions for the optimal control problems with interval-valued objective function in admissible orders
Authors: Li Lifeng , Zhang Jianke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper addresses the optimal control problems with interval-valued objective function. We consider a kind of total order relationships ≤adm between two intervals. For each total order relationship, Kuhn-Tucker sufficient conditions for the optimal control problems with interval-valued objective function are obtained. And numerical example has been considered and solved. Kuhn-Tucker sufficient conditions given under total order relationship ≤adm are sufficient conditions under partial order relationship ≼LU for interval-valued optimal control problems. The results of this paper can be used to construct evolutionary algorithms for solving interval-valued optimal control problems.
Advertisement by medical facilities as an opportunity of APOE genetic testing in Japan: a website analysis
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Niimi Yoshiki , Ihara Ryoko , Iwata Atsushi , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Iwatsubo Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The APOE-ε4 allele[s] is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Its significant opportunity route includes out-of-insurance APOE testing services provided in medical facilities in Japan via their website advertisements. Therefore, there is a concern that adequate self-determination of whether to undergo APOE testing may be spared depending on the content of website advertisement descriptions.
Methods: In this study, we searched medical facility websites in Japan advertising APOEgenetic testing as one of their services. The defining features of the advertisements were manually assessed based on deemed-preferable features that we prespecified in the aspects of legal regulations or other applicable guidelines published by related societies.
Results: We identified 220 medical facilities that had created advertisements for the provision of APOE genetic testing on their websites. Of these, 85% were small clinics, and the remaining 15% were outpatient departments of large hospitals. The median cost of APOE testing (when clarified) was US$ 123.1 (in 143 JP¥/US$). Contact information, details, and costs of testing were described on most of the websites. Meanwhile, features’ explaining APOE as a risk gene,’ ‘notes on interpreting APOEresults,’ or ‘explaining examination methods (e.g., blood sampling) were described to a variable degree depending on individual facilities. ‘Notes on genetic testing’ or ‘genetic counseling’ were hardly referred to, and ‘specialists with appropriate expertise’ were considered to participate in clinical practice in approximately one-third of these facilities providing APOEtesting services.
Conclusions: These results suggest that self-determination on taking out-of-insurance APOE testing at some medical facilities in Japan may possibly be influenced in an inappropriate manner. Further discussion might be warranted on how and to what extent information on APOE testing should be provided to patients on the website of medical facilities advertising the test in order to support the well-informed self-determination of patients.
The fungal quorum-sensing molecule, farnesol, regulates the immune response of vaginal epithelial cells against Candida albicans
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Zhao-Hui , Fan Lin-Yuan , Zhang Zhan , Bai Hui-Hui , Wang Feng-Juan , Shang Chen-Guang , Zong Xiao-Nan , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Farnesol is a Candida-secreted quorum-sensing molecule of great interest as a potential antifungal agent for serious and hardly curable infections—candidiasises, especially vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).
Methods
The effect of farnesol on cellular morphology and viability and evaluated the production of Th1 (IL-2), Th2 (IL-4), proinflammatory (IL-6), chemotactic (IL-8), and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines in the culture supernatants of vaginal epithelial cell line (VK2) were evaluated. Moreover, we tested the inhibitory effect of farnesol on C. albicans adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to observe any VK2 cell ultrastructural changes.
Results
Only low concentrations (≤ 50 µM) of farnesol did not affect the morphology and viability of the VK2 cells (P > 0.05). Farnesol reduced the adhesion of C. albicans to the VK2 cells. When treated with farnesol, statistical elevated levels of both IL-4 and IL-17 secreted by the infected VK2 cells were present in the culture supernatants (P < 0.05). Farnesol acts as a stimulator to up-regulate the Th17-type innate immune response, as well as Th2-type humoral immunity following C. albicans infection. Further research is required to select the optimal therapeutic dose to develop efficacious and safe mucosal immune adjuvant for treating VVCs.
Protocol of a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of robot-assisted stereotatic lesioning in the treatment of focal drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Mingkun Gong , Xu Ke , Shan Yongzhi , Wang YiHe , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiongfei , Zhou Jian , Guan Yuguang , Li Tianfu , Luan Guoming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
This protocol describes the design of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of robot-assisted stereotactic lesioning versus epileptogenic foci resection. Typical causes of focal epilepsy include hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia. These patients usually present with drug resistance and require surgical treatment. Although epileptogenic foci resection is still the most commonly used treatment for such focal epilepsy, there is increasing evidence that epileptogenic focus resection may lead to neurological impairment. The treatment of epilepsy with robot- assisted stereotactic lesioning mainly includes two new minimally invasive surgical methods: radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT). Seizure-free is less likely to be achieved by these two procedures, but neurologic preservation is better. In this study, we aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of RF-TC, LITT, and epileptogenic foci resection for focal drug-resistant epilepsy.
Methods
This is a multicenter, three-arm, randomized controlled clinical trial. The study will include patients older than 3 years of age with epilepsy who have had medically refractory seizures for at least 2 years and are eligible for surgical treatment with an epileptogenic focus as determined by multidisciplinary evaluation prior to randomization. The primary outcome measure is seizure outcome (quantified by seizure remission rate) at 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year follow-up after treatment. Postoperative neurologic impairment, spectrum distribution change of video electroencephalogram, quality of life, and medical costs are also assessed as secondary outcomes.
Trial registration
URL: https://chictr.org.cn. ChiCTR2200060974. Registered on June 14, 2022. The status of the trial is recruiting and the estimated study completion date is December 31, 2024.
Association of a Healthy Lifestyle with Mortality in Older People
Authors: Robb Catherine , Carr Prudence , Ball Jocasta , Owen Alice , Beilin Lawrence J. , Newman Anne B. , Nelson Mark R. , Reid Christopher M , Orchard Suzanne G. , Neumann Johannes T , Tonkin Andrew M. , Wolfe Rory , McNeil John J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours such as smoking, high alcohol consumption, poor diet or low physical activity are associated with morbidity and premature mortality. Public health guidelines provide recommendations for adherence to these four factors, however, their impact on the health of older people is less certain.
Methods
The study involved 11,340 Australian participants (median age 7.39 [Interquartile Range (IQR) 71.7, 77.3]) from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly study, followed for a median of 6.8 years (IQR: 5.7, 7.9). We investigated whether a point-based lifestyle score based on adherence to guidelines for a healthy diet, physical activity, non-smoking and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Results
In multivariable adjusted models, compared to those in the unfavourable lifestyle group, individuals in the moderate lifestyle group (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.73 [95% CI 0.61, 0.88]) and favourable lifestyle group (HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.56, 0.83]) had lower risk of all-cause mortality. A similar pattern was observed for cardiovascular related mortality and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular related mortality. There was no association of lifestyle with cancer-related mortality. Stratified analysis indicated larger effect sizes among males, those ≤ 73 years old and among those in the aspirin treatment group.
Conclusions
In a large cohort of initially healthy older people, reported adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Homocysteine levels in first-episode, drug-naïve patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Fan Ning , Zhao Wenxuan , Yun Yajun , Bai Luyuan , An Huimei , Zhang Qi , Yan Jiangling , Fan Fengmei , Han Xiaole , Yang Fude 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A high homocysteine (Hcy) level is reportedly a risk factor for schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine Hcy levels in first-episode, drug-naïve inpatients with psychotic symptoms and a diversity of psychiatric diseases to further investigate the association between Hcy levels and psychiatric disorders. In this study, we enrolled 247 psychiatric patients, aged 18–40year. Seventy-five were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 48 with acute and transient psychotic disorders, 36 with manic episodes with psychosis, 32 with major depressive episodes with psychosis, and 56 healthy controls. Serum Hcy levels were measured by enzyme cycle method. Concentration of Hcy levels > 15 µmol/L was defined as hyperhomocysteinemia. Hcy levels were significantly higher in first-episode and drug-naïve psychotic patients compared to healthy controls (F = 12.778, P < 0.001). In the psychiatric disorder groups, Hcy levels were significantly higher in males and females (P < 0.05) in schizophrenia, acute and transient psychotic disorder, and major depressive disorder, but not in mania (P > 0.05). However, serum Hcy levels were not significantly different among the psychiatric disorder groups (F = 1.549, P = 0.227). The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 37.3% for schizophrenia, 45.8% for acute and transient psychotic disorders, 66.7% for manic episodes with psychosis, and 37.5% for major depressive episodes with psychosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia was more frequent in manic episodes with psychosis than in the other groups (χ2 = 10.026, P = 0.018). Moreover, binary logistic regression showed that male sex was an independent risk factor for hyperhomocysteinemia (OR = 6,577, 95% CI = 3.398–12.731, P < 0.001). These results suggest that first-episode, drug-naïve patients with the psychiatric disorders studied here have higher Hcy levels than does the general population, and those at greatest risk are men. However, we observed no differences in Hcy levels across different psychotic disorders. It has been suggested that elevated Hcy level contributes to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, and our results clarify that it is likely an unspecific risk factor for psychiatric disorders generally.