bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple Therapy Protocol for Primary and Secondary Auricular Keloids: A Prospective Outcome Evaluation
Authors: Datema Frank R. , Saridin Joan , Timmer Ferdinand C.A. , Rothuizen Laura T. , van Zijl Floris V.W.J. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
Ear keloid lesions present a significant challenge to the aesthetic surgeon. Keloids are known to recur and can cause severe cosmetic, functional, and psychological impairments. Several adjuvants to surgical removal have been promoted, with varying recurrence rates.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of triple therapy to treat secondary (and large primary) auricular keloids.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with secondary or large primary auricular keloids undergoing triple therapy were prospectively studied. Keloids were excised intramarginally under magnification and repeated triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/mL injections were administered, followed by the application of a custom-made acrylate pressure device. Recurrent keloid formation and adverse events were monitored during a minimum of 6 months of follow-up.

RESULTS
Sixteen auricular keloid lesions (3 large primary and 13 secondary) were subjected to the proposed technique with a mean follow-up of 28 months. All cases that adhered to the protocol were free of keloid after triple therapy. Side effects were limited to 1 case of lobular atrophy and slight hypopigmentation. All patients were satisfied with the results.

CONCLUSION
The triple therapy protocol is highly effective in primary and secondary auricular keloid as long as patients remain compliant.
Surgical Tips for Aesthetic Lower Lid Blepharoplasty: Prevention of Round Eye
Authors: Klinger Marco , Vinci Valeriano , Romeo Maria Angela , Battistini Andrea , Klinger Francesco , Bandi Valeria , Maione Luca , Vinciguerra Paolo , Di Maria Alessandra 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
In the present study, we highlight surgical tips based on our experience in lower eyelid blepharoplasty. These have been shown to be crucial in the prevention of several complications, specifically lateral lower-lid displacement.

Methods:
A series of bilateral lower-lid blepharoplasties were performed on 280 patients at Humanitas-Research-Hospital (Milan, Italy) between January 2016 and January 2020. Patients with a history of lower-lid blepharoplasty and patients requiring canthopexy/canthoplasty were excluded. Needing to singularly evaluate and correct several lower-eyelid structures to obtain a harmonic result, we preoperatively assessed the amount of skin excess, the eyelid margin malposition relative to the globe, and the presence/absence of herniated fat-pads. Pre- and postoperative standard photographs were collected. Patients were evaluated by measuring scleral show, snap-back test, and distraction test. Blinded-fashioned photograph analysis was performed by independent plastic and oculoplastic surgeons who did not execute the procedures. A visual analogue scale was administered to all patients to assess satisfaction.

Results:
In total, 280 patients underwent successful lower blepharoplasty, with satisfactory results of scleral show, snap-back test, and distraction test. Of the 280 patients, four presented postoperative complications. At 10-month follow-up visit, we achieved a mean patient visual analogue scale satisfaction score of 8.4. Postoperative surgeon’s photographs mean score was 4.5.

Conclusions:
Without the use of muscle flaps, our technique averts tarsal ligament misposition, preserves orbicularis-muscle innervation, and limits thermal spread, assuring excellent stability of results and high patient and surgeon satisfaction. Cosmetic outcome in terms of symmetry, appearance, and lower lid line definition revealed high satisfaction with the result over time, with a remarkably low complication rate.
Importance of circulating monocyte subpopulations and Fcγ receptors in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Abou-Elalla Amany A. , Yacoub Maha F. , Abdelfattah Walaa , Abdelhameed Asmaa M. , Khereba Basma Samir , Hanna Mariam Onsy F. 
Published: July 2023

Monocytes have been linked to the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) because of their role in autoantibody-mediated platelet phagocytosis. However, monocytes constitute unique populations with major differences in expression for surface Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Thus, we evaluated monocytes in whole blood samples from patients with newly diagnosed and chronic ITP. Monocyte subpopulations were identified phenotypically by flow cytometry and defined according to the surface expression of CD14 (lipopolysaccharide receptor) and of CD16 (low-affinity Fcγ receptor III) into classical (CLM), intermediate (INTM) and nonclassical (non-CLM) monocytes. We also examined the expression of FcγRI/CD64 and FcγRIII/CD16 by monocyte subpopulations.
Newly diagnosed patients showed a decrease in non-CLM, expressed as a relative percentage of total monocytes compared with controls and chronic ITP patients. Both non-CLM and INTM of newly diagnosed patients closely correlated with platelet count. These monocyte subpopulations showed significantly enhanced CD64 expression in newly diagnosed patients. On the contrary, patients with chronic ITP presented higher non-CLM in percentage than controls and concomitant lower CLM and total monocytes, in percentage and number. The expression of CD64 was increased by all monocyte subpopulations, CLM, INTM, and non-CLM in chronic patients. In conclusion, differences in monocyte subpopulations, together with enhanced expression of FcγRI/CD64 are evident in patients with ITP.
Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-effectiveness of Bezlotoxumab in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Ward Christopher , Beran Azizullah , Abdallah Mohamed A. , Asemota Joseph , Kelly Colleen R. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a global health challenge. Bezlotoxumab (BEZ) is a monoclonal antibody against C. difficile toxin B. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), MODIFY I and II, confirmed BEZ efficacy in preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). However, there are safety concerns about its use in patients with a history of congestive heart failure. Observational studies have since been conducted, and it is important to explore the consistency of BEZ efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and its safety utilizing these real-world data.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to pool the rate of rCDI in patients receiving BEZ and explore its efficacy and safety in preventing rCDI compared with control. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception through April 2023 for relevant RCTs or observational studies assessing BEZ in preventing rCDI. Single-arm studies describing experience with BEZ in preventing rCDI were also included for proportion meta-analysis. A proportion meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to pool the rCDI rate with its corresponding 95% CI. In a meta-analysis of efficacy, we generated the relative risk (RR) to compare BEZ versus control in preventing rCDI.

Results:
Thirteen studies including 2 RCTs and 11 observational studies totaling 2337 patients, of which 1472 received BEZ, were included in the analysis. Of the constituent studies, 5 (1734 patients) compared BEZ versus standard-of-care (SOC). Pooled rate of rCDI in patients receiving BEZ was 15.8% (95% CI: 14%-17.8%), and was 28.9% (95% CI: 24%-34.4%) in the SOC. BEZ significantly reduced rCDI risk compared with SOC [RR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.45-0.72, I
2=16%)]. There was no difference in the overall mortality or heart failure risk. Of the 9 included cost-effectiveness analyses, 8 demonstrated BEZ+SOC cost-effectiveness compared with SOC alone.

Discussion:
Our meta-analysis comprising real-world data revealed lower rCDI in patients receiving BEZ and supported its efficacy and safety when added to SOC therapy. The results were consistent across various subgroups. Available cost-effectiveness analyses mostly support BEZ+SOC cost-effectiveness compared with SOC alone.
Impact of body composition for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy
Authors: Uojima Haruki , Chuma Makoto , Hidaka Hisashi , Tsuda Takashi , Kobayashi Satoshi , Hattori Nobuhiro , Ogushi Katsuaki , Arase Yoshitaka , Take Akira , Sakaguchi Yoshihiko , Tomoko Ando , Nishigori Shuhei , Wanatanbe Tsunamasa , Numata Kazushi , Morimoto Manabu , Kagawa Tatehiro , Kako Makoto , Kusano Chika 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To investigate the association between body composition and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.

Methods
This cohort study analysed 119 patients who received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated the association between body composition and progression-free survival and overall survival. Body composition was quantified by the visceral fat index, subcutaneous fat index, and skeletal muscle index. A high or low index score was defined as that above or below the median of these indices.

Results
Poor prognosis was observed in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups. The mean progression-free survival in the low visceral fat index and low subcutaneous fat index groups vs. the other groups were 194 and 270 days, respectively [95% confidence interval (CI), 153–236 and 230–311 days, respectively; P = 0.015], while the mean overall survival was 349 vs. 422 days, respectively (95% CI, 302–396 and 387–458 days, respectively; P = 0.027). In the multivariate analysis, both a low subcutaneous fat index and low visceral fat index were statistically associated with lower progression-free and overall survival rates [hazard ratio (HR) 1.721; 95% CI, 1.101–2.688; P = 0.017; and HR 2.214; 95% CI, 1.207–4.184; P = 0.011, respectively].

Conclusion
Low visceral fat index and subcutaneous fat index scores were independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.
Bladder-sparing strategies in patients with clinically localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: de Angelis Mario , Basile Giuseppe , Scornajenghi Carlo Maria , Asero Vincenzo , Del Giudice Francesco , Moschini Marco 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Radical cystectomy is the standard of care for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). In this context, bladder-sparing strategies (BSS) have been investigated as viable alternatives for patients who are unfit for radical cystectomy or aim to preserve their bladder without compromising oncological outcomes. This review aims to provide the most up-to-date evidence on BSSs as an alternative treatment for patients with MIBC.

Recent findings
Different studies have highlighted the long-term efficacy of trimodal therapy or chemoradiation protocols. However, due to the lack of randomized controlled trials, there is still a lack of high-level evidence on BSS efficacy as compared to radical cystectomy. Consequently, the adoption of these approaches is still limited. A possible turning point could be represented by the introduction of immunotherapy, as several studies are investigating the potential combination with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Patient selection, together with the implementation of new predictive biomarkers and imaging tools, may improve the efficacy of BSS in the near future.

Summary
Radical cystectomy with perioperative chemotherapy remains the gold standard treatment for MIBC patients. Nevertheless, BSS can be considered a viable option in selected patients who desire to preserve their bladder. Further evidence is needed to clearly state the role of BSS in MIBC.
Self-Reported Effects of Diet on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Children
Authors: Telborn Lovisa , Axelsson Irene , Granéli Christina , Stenström Pernilla 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Evidence on dietary effects on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in healthy children is lacking. Despite this, dietary advice is still common practice in the treatment of children’s GI symptoms. The aim was to investigate self-reported dietary effects on GI symptoms in healthy children.

Methods:
In this observational cross-sectional study on children, a validated self-reporting questionnaire including 90 specified food items was used. Healthy children aged 1–18 years old and their parents were invited to participate. Descriptive data were presented as median (range) and n (%).

Results:
In total, 265 of 300 children (9 years [1–18]; 52% boys) answered the questionnaire. Overall, 21 of 265 (8%) reported that diet induced GI symptoms regularly. In total, 2 (0–34) food items were reported per child as inducing GI symptoms. The most frequently reported items were beans (24%), plums (21%), and cream (14%). More children with GI symptoms (constipation, abdominal pain, troublesome gases) than with No/Seldom GI symptoms reported that diet could potentially induce GI symptoms (17/77 [22%] vs 4/188 [2%], P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, they adjusted their diet to regulate GI symptoms (16/77 [21%] vs 8/188 [4%], P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions:
Few healthy children reported that diet induced GI symptoms, and only a minority of food items were reported to induce GI symptoms. Children who had already experienced GI symptoms reported that diet impacted on GI symptoms to a greater, but still very limited, extent. Results can be used to determine accurate expectations and goals of dietary treatment of GI symptoms in children.
177Lu-DOTA-IBA Therapy in Prostate Cancer With Bone Metastases
Authors: Li Hongmei , Xu Tingting , Hua Qingchu , Wang Li , Chen Yue 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bone is the most common metastatic site in patients with prostate cancer. 177Lu-DOTA-ibandronic acid (177Lu-DOTA-IBA) is a new therapeutic radiopharmaceutical targeting bone metastasis. We report a case of refractory bone pain due to bone metastasis, who demonstrated an excellent therapy response after 3 cycles of 177Lu-DOTA-IBA therapy. In addition, the patient did not have any observable adverse reactions. 177Lu-DOTA-IBA may be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of bone metastasis.
The Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Davis Thomas S. , Potochny John D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The concept for creating the Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons originated in May 1982, at the American Association of Plastic Surgeons in Colorado Springs Colorado. The new society would supplement, not supplant, existing state and small regional societies. Two hundred fifty-seven northeastern plastic surgeons joined the charter membership. The inaugural meeting of the Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons was held in Philadelphia, September 1984. The following historical account highlights our society's founding principles and leadership throughout the first 40 years.
The functionally plastic rod photoreceptors in the simplex retina of Little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) exhibit a hybrid rod-cone morphology and enhanced synaptic connectivity
Authors: Magaña-Hernández Laura , Wagh Abhiniti S. , Fathi Jessamyn G. , Robles Julio E. , Rubio Beatriz , Yusuf Yaqoub , Rose Erin E. , Brown Daniel E. , Perry Priscilla E. , Hamada Elizabeth , Anastassov Ivan A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe retinas of the vast majority of vertebrate species are termed “duplex” – that is, they contain both rod and cone photoreceptor neurons in different ratios. The retina of Little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) is a rarity among vertebrates because it contains only rod photoreceptors and is thus “simplex”. This unique retina provides us with an important comparative model and an exciting opportunity to study vertebrate rod circuitry within the context of a functional, evolutionarily optimized system, all without the concern about artifacts from genetically modified rod-only mouse models. Perhaps even more importantly, the Leucoraja retina is able to function under both scotopic and photopic ranges of illumination with a single complement of photoreceptors. It is currently unknown what structural characteristics mediate this remarkable functional plasticity. To address this question, we performed serial block-face electron microscopy imaging and examined the structure of rods and their post-synaptic partners. We find that skate rods exhibit ultrastructural characteristics that are either common to rods or cones in other vertebrates (e.g., outer segment architecture, synaptic ribbon number, terminal extensions), or are uniquely in-between those of a typical vertebrate rod or cone (e.g., number of invaginating contacts, clustering of multiple ribbons over a single synaptic invagination). We therefore hypothesize that the unique hybrid rod-cone structure of skate rods and their post-synaptic partners is correlated with the ability of the skate visual system to function across scotopic and photopic ranges of illumination. These findings have the potential to reveal as yet undescribed principles of vertebrate retinal design.Significance statementThe vast majority of vertebrate retinas are duplex and have mixed rod-cone populations of photoreceptors in varying ratios. The processing of visual information in a duplex retina tends to be separated between rod and cone systems, which mediate function under scotopic and photopic lighting conditions, respectively. However, the cartilaginous fish Little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) has a simplex retina, comprised solely of rod photoreceptors. Skate rods are also unusual because they have the ability to retain function over a full range of lighting conditions. We have little knowledge about the ultrastructural anatomy of the skate retina, and we hypothesize that this functional plasticity can be traced back to morphological adaptations at the level of individual photoreceptors and the downstream retinal circuitry, thus illuminating new pathways for the processing of visual information among vertebrates.
Personal transcriptome variation is poorly explained by current genomic deep learning models
Authors: Huang Connie , Shuai Richard , Baokar Parth , Chung Ryan , Rastogi Ruchir , Kathail Pooja , Ioannidis Nilah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenomic deep learning models can predict genome-wide epigenetic features and gene expression levels directly from DNA sequence. While current models perform well at predicting gene expression levels across genes in different cell types from the reference genome, their ability to explain expression variation between individuals due to cis-regulatory genetic variants remains largely unexplored. Here we evaluate four state-of-the-art models on paired personal genome and transcriptome data and find limited performance when explaining variation in expression across individuals.
Predictable and divergent change in the multivariate P-matrix during parallel adaptation
Authors: Lisle Stephen De , Bolnick Daniel I. , Stuart Yoel E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdaptation to replicated environmental conditions can be remarkably predictable, suggesting parallel evolution may be a common feature of adaptive radiation. An open question, however, is how phenotypic variation itself evolves during repeated adaptation. Here, we use a dataset of morphological measurements from 35 populations of threespine stickleback, consisting of 16 parapatric lake- stream pairs and three marine populations, to understand how phenotypic variation has evolved during transitions from marine to freshwater environments, and during subsequent diversification across the lake-stream boundary. We find statistical support for divergent phenotypic covariance (P) across populations, with most diversification ofPoccurring across freshwater populations. Despite a close correspondence between within-population phenotypic variation and among population divergence, we find that variation inPis unrelated to total variation in population means across the set of populations. Within lake-stream pairs, however, we find that theoretical predictions for microevolutionary change can explain over 30% of the total divergence inPmatrices across the habitat boundary. Together, our results indicate that variance evolution occurs primarily in dimensions of trait space with low phenotypic integration, driven by divergence into disparate lake and stream environments, illustrating how conserved and divergent features of multivariate variation can underlie adaptive radiation.
Toxicogenomic analysis of the carcinogenic potential of plastic additives
Authors: Vincoff Sophia , Schleupner Beatrice , Santos Jasmine , Morrison Margaret , Zhang Newland , Dunphy-Daly Meagan M. , Eward William C. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Diana Zoie , Somarelli Jason A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastics are the most prevalent human-made substance in the world and are ubiquitous throughout all ecosystems. Microscopic plastic particles are routinely ingested and inhaled by humans and other organisms. Despite the frequency of plastic exposures, little is known about their health consequences. Of particular concern are plastic additives -chemical compounds that are mixed into plastics to improve functionality or are unintentionally acquired during plastic production and use. Additives are loosely bound to the plastic polymer and may be released during plastic exposures. These compounds may pose health concerns, such as cancer, but little is known about the potential impact of these chemicals on health. To better understand the health effects of plastic additives, we performed an integrated toxicogenomic analysis on 2,712 additives, focusing on cancer as a well-studied toxicological endpoint. Screening these substances across three chemical databases revealed two key observations: 1) over 150 plastic additives have known carcinogenicity and 2) the majority (∼90%) of plastic additives lack data on carcinogenic endpoints. Analyses of additive usage patterns pinpointed specific polymers, functions, and products in which carcinogenic additives reside. Based on published chemical-gene interactions, both carcinogenic additives and additives with unknown carcinogenicity impacted similar biological pathways. The predominant pathways involved DNA damage, apoptosis, immune response, viral diseases, and cancer. This study underscores the urgent need for systematic and comprehensive carcinogenicity assessment of plastic additives and regulatory responses to mitigate the potential health risks of plastic exposure.