bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the efficient implementation of classification rule learning
Authors: Rapp Michael , Fürnkranz Johannes , Hüllermeier Eyke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRule learning methods have a long history of active research in the machine learning community. They are not only a common choice in applications that demand human-interpretable classification models but have also been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance when used in ensemble methods. Unfortunately, only little information can be found in the literature about the various implementation details that are crucial for the efficient induction of rule-based models. This work provides a detailed discussion of algorithmic concepts and approximations that enable applying rule learning techniques to large amounts of data. To demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these individual concepts in a series of experiments, we rely on BOOMER—a flexible and publicly available implementation for the efficient induction of gradient boosted single- or multi-label classification rules.
Henoch–schonlein purpura following exposure to SARS-CoV2 vaccine or infection: a systematic review and a case report
Authors: Di Vincenzo Federica , Ennas Sara , Pizzoferrato Marco , Bibbò Stefano , Porcari Serena , Ianiro Gianluca , Cammarota Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP) is an IgA-mediated systemic small-vessel vasculitis (IgAV) that typically presents with a variable tetrad of symptoms. HSP if often preceded by respiratory tract infections, vaccinations, drugs or malignancies. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic multiples cases of HSP have been described after both infection and vaccination for SARS-CoV2. This study aims to perform a systematic review of literature and describe an additional complicated case of de-novo HSP appeared after the administration of the third dose of a mRNA-SARS-CoV2 vaccination.

Methods
Electronic bibliographic research was performed to identify all the original reports describing cases of de-novo HSP or IgAV appeared after respiratory infection or vaccine administration for SARS-CoV2. We included all case series or case reports of patients who respected our inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Thirty-eight publications met our pre-defined inclusion criteria, for an overall number of 44 patients. All patients presented with palpable purpura variable associated with arthralgia, abdominal pain or renal involvement. Increased levels of inflammation markers, mild leukocytosis and elevated D-dimer were the most common laboratory findings. Up to 50% of patients presented proteinuria and/or hematuria. Almost all skin biopsies showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis, with IgA deposits at direct immunofluorescence in more than 50% of cases.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV2 vaccine or infection could play a role in the development of HSP. Current research suggests a possible role of IgA in immune hyperactivation, highlighted by early seroconversion to IgA found in some COVID-19 patients who develop IgA vasculitis.
Application of a revised model for coping with advanced cancer to qualitatively explore lung cancer survivors’ experiences of ongoing physical effects, novel treatments, uncertainty, and coping
Authors: Laidsaar-Powell Rebekah , Butow Phyllis , Brown Bernadette Bea , Mander Kimberley , Young Jane , Stone Emily , Chin Venessa , Banks Emily , Lim Chloe Yi Shing , Rankin Nicole M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Lung cancer remains underrepresented in cancer survivorship research. This study aimed to understand survivors’ physical/psychological challenges, experiences of immunotherapy (IO) and targeted therapy (TT), and psychological adjustment through application of the Roberts et al. (2017) advanced cancer adaptation of Folkman and Greer’s appraisal and coping model.

Methods
Adults 6–24 months post-initial treatment completion were recruited via an Australian cohort study. Participant demographic, clinical, quality of life, and distress data were obtained through the cohort database. Qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed using Framework methods. Roberts et al. (2017)’s model informed data interpretation and presentation.

Results
Twenty interviews were conducted (10 females; average age 69 years). Participants’ diagnostic stages varied (stage I = 2, stage II = 4, stage III = 8, stage IV = 6); most had received IO/TT (n = 14) and were on average 17 months (range 10–24) post-diagnosis. Three themes were identified and mapped to the Roberts’ framework: (1) Ongoing illness events: most participants reported functioning well despite ongoing physical effects. Those on IO/TT reported side effects; some were unexpected/serious. (2) Adjusting to life with lung cancer: most expressed hope for the future while simultaneously preparing for disease progression. Those receiving IO/TT experienced uncertainty given limited survival information. (3) Learning to live with lung cancer: participants described emotion, problem, and meaning based on coping strategies.

Conclusions
Findings may guide development of supportive care resources/interventions focused on uncertainty, IO/TT communication and decision-making, and coping.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Many people with lung cancer are living well with their ongoing illness. Despite challenges, many survivors are adapting to issues as they arise and are maintaining a sense of hope and optimism.
Reversal Effects of Royal Jelly and Propolis Against Cadmium-Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Rats
Authors: Omar Eman M. , El-Sayed Norhan S. , Elnozahy Fatma Y. , Hassan Eman , Amr Alaa , Augustyniak Maria , El-Samad Lamia M. , El Wakil Abeer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeavy metal toxicity is an exponentially growing health problem. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective properties of propolis and royal jelly against cadmium adverse effects. Thirty-two adult male rats were included in our study; kidney and liver functions, histopathological changes, and the level of oxidative stress were evaluated in rats exposed to a daily dose of 4.5 mg cadmium per kilogram of body weight for 1 month and those cotreated simultaneously with either propolis (50 mg/kg/day) or royal jelly (200 mg/kg/day) with cadmium compared to control animals. Cadmium-mediated hepatorenal toxicity was manifested as per the increased oxidative stress, function deterioration, and characteristic histopathological aberrations. The supplementation of royal jelly or propolis restores most of the affected parameters to a level similar to the control group. However, the parameters describing the grade of DNA damage and the interleukin-1β expression in the liver, as well as the levels of malondialdehyde and metallothionein, were slightly elevated compared to controls, despite the regular use of royal jelly or propolis. It is worth noting that better results were found in the case of royal jelly compared to propolis administration. Most likely, the ability of both products to chelate cadmium and contribute in reducing oxidative stress is of great importance. However, further investigations are needed to complement the knowledge about the expected nutritional and medicinal values.
Graphical abstract
Diagnostic accuracy of pre-operative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis: variations in intrinsic subtypes, and strategy to improve negative predictive value—an analysis of 2473 invasive breast cancer patients
Authors: Chen Shu-Tian , Lai Hung-Wen , Chang Julia Huei-Mei , Liao Chiung-Ying , Wen Tzu-Cheng , Wu Wen-Pei , Wu Hwa-Koon , Lin Ying-Jen , Chang Yu-Jun , Chen Shou-Tung , Chen Dar-Ren , Huang Hsin-I , Hung Che-Lun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The value and utility of axillary lymph node (ALN) evaluation with MRI in breast cancer were not clear for various intrinsic subtypes. The aim of the current study is to test the potential of combining breast MRI and clinicopathologic factors to identify low-risk groups of ALN metastasis and improve diagnostic performance.

Material and methods
Patients with primary operable invasive breast cancer with pre-operative breast MRI and post-operative pathologic reports were retrospectively collected from January 2009 to December 2021 in a single institute. The concordance of MRI and pathology of ALN status were determined, and also analyzed in different intrinsic subtypes. A stepwise strategy was designed to improve MRI-negative predictive value (NPV) on ALN metastasis.

Results
2473 patients were enrolled. The diagnostic performance of MRI in detecting metastatic ALN was significantly different between intrinsic subtypes (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified tumor size and histologic type as independent predictive factors of ALN metastases. Patients with HER-2 (MRI tumor size ≤ 2 cm), or TNBC (MRI tumor size ≤ 2 cm) were found to have MRI–ALN-NPV higher than 90%, and these false cases were limited to low axillary tumor burden.

Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of MRI to predict ALN metastasis varied according to the intrinsic subtype. Combined pre-operative clinicopathologic factors and intrinsic subtypes may increase ALN MRI NPV, and further identify some groups of patients with low risks of ALN metastasis, high NPV, and low burdens of axillary disease even in false-negative cases.
The influence of students’ prior numeracy achievement on later numeracy achievement as a function of gender and year levels
Authors: Getenet Seyum 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStudents’ prior achievements in school have significant correlations with their later achievements. Specifically, students’ prior numeracy achievement is the most important predictor of later numeracy success. However, the assessment of this predictor across gender and its trend across students’ year levels is often overlooked or not adequately investigated. This study examined the relationships between prior numeracy achievement and its influence on students’ later numeracy achievement across gender. A focus on students’ year level also supported this examination. The data source was the Australian National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) numeracy results of Years 5, 7 and 9 students (ages 9 to 14) from the 2017 to 2021 test years. The NAPLAN numeracy scores were analysed using regression analysis. The author examined prior numeracy achievement to determine the predictive value for students’ numeracy performance in NAPLAN across students’ year levels and gender. Findings from this study indicate that prior NAPLAN numeracy results for students were found to be very large in its predictive value (between R2 = .591 and .747) across the year levels. Notably, the predictive value showed an increasing pattern as students progressed through their academic years. Additionally, the study observed a discernible influence of gender on the predictive value of prior numeracy results. Potential initiatives to assist the educational outcomes of students across gender are discussed. Awareness of the influence of numeracy performance across gender might help teachers and educators create better and more efficient mathematics programs and targeted interventions. Such a decision requires identifying the relevant factors and measuring their degree of influence across students’ year levels and gender.
Scripture People
Authors: Taylor Matthew D. , Hussain Amir 
Published: July 2023

On 9/11, many Americans were introduced to an Islamic movement called Salafism, the theological strand that includes Al Qaeda. Since then, Salafism, an important and popular movement in global Islam, has frequently been disparaged as 'Radical Islam' or 'Islamic fundamentalism.' Scripture People is the first book-length study of the embattled American Salafi movement and the challenges it has faced post-9/11. Matthew D. Taylor recounts how these so-called “Radical Muslims” have adopted deeply rooted American forms of religious belonging and values. Through comparison with American Evangelical Christianity, informed by his own Evangelical background and studies, Taylor explores the parallel impulses, convergent identities, and even surprising friendships that have emerged between Salafis and Evangelicals in America. Offering an entry point for understanding the dynamics and disagreements among American Muslims, Taylor's volume upends narratives about 'Radical Islam' by demonstrating how Salafi Muslims have flexibly adapted to American religious patterns in the twenty-first century.
Rendering Whiteness Visible
Authors: Sirleaf Matiangai 
Published: July 2023

Dear Editors in Chief:The recent uprising for racial justice marked a pivotal shift in national and global debates on race. One enduring legacy is that the language we use to speak, think, and label people is consequential. Most style guides that previously called for lowercasing Black altered their positions. This letter to the editors urges the American Journal of International Law (AJIL) to join those organizations that have also changed their policies to capitalize White.
A study of Irish secondary school student’s views on mental health supports in school
Authors: Kenneally A. , Begley T. , Donohue G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectives:An increasing number of young people are experiencing mental health difficulties and schools have been identified as environments that can support them. However, it is unclear how students feel about the current supports in school and whether they are used. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of young people in Irish post-primary schools regarding mental health and well-being supports in schools.Methods:An online survey was conducted with (n=109) young people to determine the perceptions of mental health and well-being supports in post-primary Irish schools. Using a convenience sampling method, an online survey was distributed via gatekeepers in local youth and sporting groups. Data collection was completed using the Barriers to Seeking Help-brief version (BASH-B) and additional tailored questions.Results:Qualities like being ‘trustworthy’ and ‘a good listener’ were reported as key for adults to be considered a good support in schools. Current mental health and well-being supports were not considered adequate with 65.1% of the participants feeling ‘somewhat supported’ and 22.9% feeling ‘not at all supported’.Conclusions:Better advertising of mental health support services should be implemented in schools to promote awareness. This study can inform the development of such services which are urgently needed.
Learning music theorising through inspiration and curiosity. Insights from emergent lesson design in an upper secondary school in Finland
Authors: Björk Cecilia , Granfors Mats , Ruthmann S. Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examines the learning processes that take place when upper secondary students apply and generate theories while drawing on their preferred music and writing songs of their own. One music theory teacher and two researchers collaborated to design an emergent sequence of lessons focusing on students’ interests, questions and creative work. Interpretive and musical analysis of students’ progress suggests that learning to theorise through modes and sounds from popular music was experienced as motivating, involved similar difficulties as traditional major/minor-based approaches, and resulted in original songs that the students enjoyed and were proud to perform for their peers.
Scott topology on Smyth power posets
Authors: Xu Xiaoquan , Wen Xinpeng , Xi Xiaoyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor a
$T_0$
space X, let
$\mathsf{K}(X)$
be the poset of all nonempty compact saturated subsets of X endowed with the Smyth order
$\sqsubseteq$
.
$(\mathsf{K}(X), \sqsubseteq)$
(shortly
$\mathsf{K}(X)$
) is called the Smyth power poset of X. In this paper, we mainly discuss some basic properties of the Scott topology on Smyth power posets. It is proved that for a well-filtered space X, its Smyth power poset
$\mathsf{K}(X)$
with the Scott topology is still well-filtered, and a
$T_0$
space Y is well-filtered iff the Smyth power poset
$\mathsf{K}(Y)$
with the Scott topology is well-filtered and the upper Vietoris topology is coarser than the Scott topology on
$\mathsf{K}(Y)$
. A sober space Z is constructed for which the Smyth power poset
$\mathsf{K}(Z)$
with the Scott topology is not sober. A few sufficient conditions are given for a
$T_0$
space X under which its Smyth power poset
$\mathsf{K}(X)$
with the Scott topology is sober. Some other properties, such as local compactness, first-countability, Rudin property and well-filtered determinedness, of Smyth power spaces, and the Scott topology on Smyth power posets, are also investigated.
The cost of living in early modern cities: a study on eighteenth-century northern Italy
Authors: Mocarelli Luca , Ongaro Giulio , Prosperi Laura 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study estimates the cost of living in three cities – Florence, Bologna and Milan – in eighteenth-century northern Italy. Although they do not allow an understanding of the differences between social groups or seasonal consumption patterns, the calculation of living costs and the implied modelling have a twofold aim. First, they allow the calculation of real wages, which are obtained by dividing nominal wages by the cost of a consumption basket; therefore, broadly, they allow the Italian case to be put into great debates of economic history, such as the one on the Little Divergence between northern and southern Europe at the end of the early modern period. In this regard, we will show that the existing calculations used for this purpose have many criticalities, and we will solve them. Second, determining the cost of consumption baskets allows us to observe the role played by urban public institutions in mediating between the market and consumers, with relevant effects on price trends and, therefore, on the purchasing power of the urban population.
Preeclampsia and risk of maternal pulmonary hypertension at high altitude in Bolivia
Authors: Salinas C. E. , Patey O. V. , Murillo C. , Gonzales M. , Espinoza V. , Mendoza S. , Ruiz R. , Vargas R. , Perez Y. , Montaño J. , Toledo-Jaldin L. , Badner A. , Jimenez J. , Peñaranda J. , Romero C. , Aguilar M. , Riveros L. , Arana I. , Giussani D. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWomen with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have a greater risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In turn, pregnancy at high altitude is a risk factor for PE. However, whether women who develop PE during highland pregnancy are at risk of PAH before and after birth has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that during highland pregnancy, women who develop PE are at greater risk of PAH compared to women undergoing healthy highland pregnancies. The study was on 140 women in La Paz, Bolivia (3640m). Women undergoing healthy highland pregnancy were controls (C, n = 70; 29 ± 3.3 years old, mean±SD). Women diagnosed with PE were the experimental group (PE, n = 70, 31 ± 2 years old). Conventional (B- and M-mode, PW Doppler) and modern (pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging) ultrasound were applied for cardiovascular íííassessment. Spirometry determined maternal lung function. Assessments occurred at 35 ± 4 weeks of pregnancy and 6 ± 0.3 weeks after birth. Relative to highland controls, highland PE women had enlarged right ventricular (RV) and right atrial chamber sizes, greater pulmonary artery dimensions and increased estimated RV contractility, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Highland PE women had lower values for peripheral oxygen saturation, forced expiratory flow and the bronchial permeability index. Differences remained 6 weeks after birth. Therefore, women who develop PE at high altitude are at greater risk of PAH before and long after birth. Hence, women with a history of PE at high altitude have an increased cardiovascular risk that transcends the systemic circulation to include the pulmonary vascular bed.
Studying the Day‐To‐Day Effect of F Region Meridional Neutral Wind on the Formation of Post‐Sunset Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities
Authors: Aderaw Bantayehu , Nigussie Melessew 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unique properties of the equatorial ionosphere continue to be of great concern to users of space‐based technologies that rely on the ionosphere. Due to the lack of observational data, the influence of the F region meridional wind on the formation of the post‐sunset equatorial ionospheric irregularities has not yet been fully investigated. Therefore, in this work, the effect of dusk‐time F region meridional wind on the formation of post‐sunset equatorial ionospheric irregularities is studied. A pair of GNSS receivers from each of the three longitudinal sectors, such as Eastern Africa, Eastern South America, and Eastern Asia is considered to evaluate the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI) in the years from 2010 to 2013. Observational meridional wind speed from the Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer satellite and electron density from the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System are also used for the same longitudinal sectors. In the three longitudinal sectors, correlational analysis is carried out between the ROTI and the latitudinal gradient of the meridional wind speed. Based on observational data, we find that ionospheric irregularities are suppressed when the latitudinal gradient of the meridional wind is positive, while irregularities often occur when the latitudinal gradient is negative.
Potential Role of Volcanic Glass‐Smectite Mixtures in Slow Earthquakes in Shallow Subduction Zones: Insights From Low‐ to High‐Velocity Friction Experiments
Authors: Okuda Hanaya , Hirose Takehiro , Yamaguchi Asuka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVolcanic glass and its mixture with smectite are commonly observed in shallow parts of subduction zones. As volcanic glass layers often act as glide planes in submarine landslides, and because its alteration product, smectite, is one of the frictionally weakest geological materials, the frictional characteristics of volcanic glass‐smectite mixtures are important for fault slip behavior in shallow parts of subduction zones. We performed a series of friction experiments on volcanic glass‐smectite mixtures with different smectite contents from 0% to 100% at various velocity conditions from 10 μm/s to 1 m/s under an effective normal stress of 5 MPa and pore pressure of 10 MPa. In general, apparent friction coefficients negatively depend on the smectite content at any velocity tested. We found that samples with smectite contents of 15%–30% showed a drastic slip‐weakening behavior at intermediate velocities of 1–3 mm/s. Finite element method modeling shows that thermal pressurization does not contribute to the observed weakening behavior. The critical nucleation length estimated from the slip‐weakening behavior is approximately 1–10 km, which is large enough to prevent the slip to accelerate to seismic slip velocity. Therefore, gouges with minor amount of clay, such as subducting volcanic ash layers, may contribute to the occurrence of the slow earthquakes at shallow depths in subduction zones.