bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of powder particle size distribution and contouring on build quality in electron beam powder bed fusion of a medium-C hot-work tool steel
Authors: Sullivan Ethan M. , Sharif Hedås Saman , Jerhamre Engström Mattias , Lindwall Greta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn electron beam powder bed fusion (EPBF) printability study of a medium-C hot-work tool steel with focus on part density and surface roughness was performed using three different powder particle size distributions (PSDs) of 45–105 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

(typical for EPBF), 20–60 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

(typical for laser beam powder bed fusion), and a 50–50 wt.% mixture of these two powders. First, acceptable process parameter windows were generated based on as-printed density for each PSD. Full density parts (at least 99.5% dense according to NIST) were produced using the 20–60 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

PSD and the mix PSD. Fifteen different contouring strategies were also tested for potential improvement of the as-printed side surface roughnesses, which ranged from 23.3 to 25.7 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

among the three PSDs. Side surface roughness as low as 13.8 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

was attained by using contouring strategies employing two contouring lines, which were typically observed to be more effective than one-line strategies. Overall, the 20–60 $$\mathrm{\mu m}$$

μ
m

PSD was determined to convey a better as-printed build quality over a wider range of parameters without sacrificing process productivity.
Prediction of the fatigue curve of high-strength steel resistance spot welding joints by finite element analysis and machine learning
Authors: Yu Zhengxiao , Ma Ninshu , Murakawa Hidekazu , Watanabe Goro , Liu Mingyao , Ma Yunwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe process of resistance spot welding is extensively utilized in automotive assembly. Analyzing the fatigue strength of resistance spot welded (RSW) joints of thin plate high-strength steel holds significant importance in reducing production costs and enhancing vehicle safety during operation. By combining finite element analysis (FEA) and machine learning (ML), a novel method has been developed to predict fatigue curves of RSW joints with high-strength steels of different thicknesses, widths, and nugget diameters. In this study, the impact of various experimental conditions, such as the thickness and width of the sheet material, and the diameter of the nugget, on the fatigue test results, has been quantified. Moreover, the model established through this research enables accurate prediction of the F-N fatigue curves of RSW joints without the need for fatigue testing, thereby saving costs and time required for experimentation. The average error is approximately 8% of the experimental results.
Rare earths leaching from Philippine phosphogypsum using Taguchi method, regression, and artificial neural network analysis
Authors: Diwa Reymar R. , Tabora Estrellita U. , Haneklaus Nils H. , Ramirez Jennyvi D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Philippines produce some 2.1–3.2 million t phosphogypsum (PG) per year. PG can contain elevated concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs). In this work, the leaching efficiency of the REEs from Philippine PG with H2SO4 was for the first time studied. A total of 18 experimental setups (repeated 3 times each) were conducted to optimize the acid concentration (1–10%), leaching temperature (40–80 °C), leaching time (5–120 min), and solid-to-liquid ratio (1:10–1:2) with the overall goal of maximizing the REE leaching efficiency. Applying different optimizations (Taguchi method, regression analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis), a total REEs leaching efficiency of 71% (La 75%, Ce 72%, Nd 71% and Y 63%) was realized. Our results show the importance of the explanatory variables in the order of acid concentration > temperature > time > solid-to-liquid ratio. Based on the regression models, the REE leaching efficiencies are directly related to the linear combination of acid concentration, temperature, and time. Meanwhile, the ANN recognized the relevance of the solid-to-liquid ratio in the leaching process with an overall R of 0.97379. The proposed ANN model can be used to predict REE leaching efficiencies from PG with reasonable accuracy.
Fairness, assumptions, and guarantees for extended bounded response LTL+P synthesis
Authors: Cimatti Alessandro , Geatti Luca , Gigante Nicola , Montanari Angelo , Tonetta Stefano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRealizability and reactive synthesis from temporal logics are fundamental problems in formal verification. The complexity of these problems for linear temporal logic with past ( ) led to the identification of fragments with lower complexities and simpler algorithms. Recently, the logic of extended bounded response ($$\textsf {LTL} _{\textsf {EBR} }\textsf {{+}P} $$LTLEBR+P for short) has been introduced. It allows one to express safety languages definable in and it is provided with an efficient, fully symbolic algorithm for reactive synthesis. This paper features four related contributions. First, we introduce - , an extension of$$\textsf {LTL} _{\textsf {EBR} }\textsf {{+}P} $$LTLEBR+P with fairness conditions, assumptions, and guarantees that, on the one hand, allows one to express properties beyond the safety fragment and, on the other, it retains the efficiency of$$\textsf {LTL} _{\textsf {EBR} }\textsf {{+}P} $$LTLEBR+P in practice. Second, we the expressiveness of - starting from the expressiveness of its fragments. In particular, we prove that: (1)$$\textsf {LTL} _{\textsf {EBR} }\textsf {{+}P} $$LTLEBR+P is expressively complete with respect to the safety fragment of , (2) the removal of past operators from$$\textsf {LTL} _{\textsf {EBR} }\textsf {{+}P} $$LTLEBR+P results into a loss of expressive power, and (3) - is expressively equivalent to the logic of Bloem et al. Third, we provide a fully symbolic algorithm for the realizability problem from - specifications, that reduces it to a number of safety subproblems. Fourth, to ensure soundness and completeness of the algorithm, we propose and exploit a general framework for safety reductions in the context of realizability of (fragments of) . The experimental evaluation shows promising results.
Evaluation of meniscus extrusion during stair ambulation in healthy volunteers using dynamic ultrasonography: a feasibility study
Authors: Hashizume Takato , Ishii Yosuke , Nakashima Yuko , Okamoto Saeko , Iwamoto Yoshitaka , Okada Kaoru , Takagi Kazuya , Adachi Nobuo , Takahashi Makoto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of evaluating medial meniscus extrusion (MME) during stair ambulation.

Methods
Twenty healthy young participants (mean age, 22.4 ± 0.9 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Synchronization between the three-dimensional motion system and ultrasonography was used to quantify the extent of meniscal extrusion and knee angles during different tasks, including gait, stair ascent, and stair descent. In particular, ultrasonography was used to record the movements of both the middle and posterior segments of the meniscus to obtain detailed information about these movements in relation to the knee angle. The difference between the maximum MME and the MME at the initial contact (ΔMME) was evaluated during each task in the stance phase.

Results
Visualization of the meniscus in the middle segment was limited with increasing knee flexion angle, whereas the posterior segments were visible during all tasks. ΔMME of the posterior segment during stair ascent and descent was higher than that during gait (gait: 0.68 ± 0.20 mm, ascent: 1.00 ± 0.39 mm, descent: 0.90 ± 0.27 mm, gait-ascent: p = 0.009, gait-descent: p = 0.004).

Conclusions
Evaluation that includes the posterior segment enables visualization of the medial meniscus and detection of its specific behavior during stair ambulation. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating meniscus dynamics during stair ambulation, and could contribute to a better understanding of these dynamics.
A mechanical-based seismic vulnerability assessment method with an application to masonry structures in Cosenza (Italy)
Authors: Liguori Francesco S. , Fiore Stefania , Perelli Francesca L. , De Gregorio Daniela , Zuccaro Giulio , Madeo Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paper presents a mechanical-based framework for the evaluation of local-scale seismic fragility curves. The approach is oriented to a seismic vulnerability assessment of unreinforced masonry buildings and makes use of basic exposure data easily obtained from survey or available in existing database. An efficient finite element model and static nonlinear analyses are employed to assess the structural behaviour. The mechanical-based fragility curves are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations that allow to account for the uncertainties propagation. The proposed approach is tested on a case-study regarding the city centre of Cosenza, in southern Italy, using exposure information available from CARTIS database.
A review of methods for detecting rats at low densities, with implications for surveillance
Authors: Davis Robert A. , Seddon Philip J. , Craig Michael D. , Russell James C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInvasive rats are the biggest threat to island biodiversity world-wide. Though the ecological impacts of rats on insular biota are well documented, introduced rats present a difficult problem for detection and management. In recent decades, improved approaches have allowed for island-wide eradications of invasive rats on small-medium sized islands and suppression on large islands, although both these still represent a formidable logistical and financial challenge. A key aspect of eradication or suppression and ongoing management is the ability to detect the presence of rats, especially at low densities. Here we review recent developments in the field of rat surveillance and summarise current published literature to recommend practices and the factors to consider when developing a surveillance program for either eradication or suppression plans. Of 51 empirical studies covering 17 countries, 58% were from New Zealand. Although detecting rats at low density is extremely challenging, advances over the past 15 years, have significantly improved our ability to detect rats. Motion-sensored cameras and rodent detection dogs have greatly improved our ability to detect rats at low densities, with cameras consistently showing an ability to detect rats at lower densities than other techniques. Rodent detection dogs are also able to reliably detect even an individual rat, although there are challenges to their widespread adoption, particularly in developing countries, due to the cost and skills required for their training and maintenance. New monitoring devices, the use of eDNA and drones represent current and future innovations to improve detection.
Column-coherent matrix decomposition
Authors: Tatti Nikolaj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMatrix decomposition is a widely used tool in machine learning with many applications such as dimension reduction or visualization. In this paper we consider decomposing X, a matrix of size $$n \times m$$

n
×
m

, to a product WS where we require that S, a matrix of size $$n \times k$$

n
×
k

, needs to have consecutive ones property. More specifically, we require that each row of S needs to be in the form of $$0, \ldots , 0, 1, \ldots , 1, 0, \ldots , 0$$

0
,
…
,
0
,
1
,
…
,
1
,
0
,
…
,
0

. Such decompositions are particularly meaningful if X is a matrix where each row represents a time series; in such a case the ones in each row in S represent a time segment. We show that the optimization problem is inapproximable. To solve the problem we propose 5 different algorithms. The first two algorithms are based on solving iteratively S while keeping W fixed and then solving W while keeping S fixed. The next two algorithms are based on greedily optimizing a single row in S and the corresponding column in W. The last algorithm first finds the optimal decomposition of with $$2k - 1$$

2
k
-
1

non-overlapping rows, and then greedily combines the rows until k rows remain. We compare the algorithms experimentally, focusing on the quality of the decomposition as well as the computational time. We show experimentally that our algorithms yield interpretable results in practical time.
Teacher Planning and Curriculum Frameworks: A Case Study of ECEC Practice in Australia
Authors: Keary Anne , Garvis Susanne , Zheng Haoran , Walsh Lucas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch indicates an uneasy fit between curriculum frameworks and practice. In this paper, we explore the more subtle practices of context, providing insights into why teachers plan the way they do. Specifically, we examine the Australian early childhood education and care curriculum framework and local practices by analysing teacher planning templates and interviews. Using Bourdieusian tools of field and habitus, we investigate how early childhood teachers plan their programs by selectively adapting curriculum frameworks. Our case study approach uncovers a range of influences on teacher planning and how local practices reflect broader national agendas for young children.
Habitat use by semi-feral Konik horses on wetlands—three-year GPS study
Authors: Anna Chodkiewicz , Martyna Prończuk , Marcin Studnicki , Dawid Wójcik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFree-ranging grazers are increasingly being introduced to areas of high natural value, such as wetlands. There is also growing attention that has been paid to the historical role of herbivores in shaping ecosystems and landscapes. Even though studies on the grazing of free-range horses were carried out in different regions and climates, still little is known about their habitat selection on heterogeneous marshy areas in the temperate region of Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat use by contemporary Konik horses during the growing season on the basis of three-year GPS data for a semi-feral herd kept on wetlands. Almost 68% of the occurrence of Konik horses were in open habitats. The assessment of habitat selection by the horses confirmed their strong preferences for grasslands on mid-forest dunes and forest avoidance. Konik horses somewhat preferred mowed fen meadows, but the animals displayed differences in the selection of habitat, probably depending on its humidity and weather conditions in a given year which may limit the role of grazing in protecting these communities. Horses need different habitats in wetlands such as fen meadows, forest, and grasslands on the mineral hills. This should be taken into consideration for landscape management in areas where the introduction of wild or semi-wild horse populations is planned.
At all costs: educational expansion and persistent inequality in the Philippines
Authors: Ramirez Yee Karol Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper studies educational inequality in the Philippines from 1950 to 2015, examining changes in the association between social origin and educational attainment against a backdrop of educational expansions and fluctuating economic conditions. Using data from the World Bank STEP Skills Survey, the study employs a sequential logit model to illustrate trends in secondary and college completion, followed by a multinomial logit model to look into differences in college destinations (type and status) between advantaged and disadvantaged students. The findings indicate that despite sustained expansions in the past six decades, disparities in secondary and tertiary completion deepened in relation to social background. The paper also finds that although expansions occurred mainly in public higher education institutions, it did little to alter the trends in college destinations, with advantaged students still more likely to complete in “high-status” universities than disadvantaged ones. Finally, the paper sheds light on how economic recessions have varying consequences on educational attainment, routing disadvantaged students out of college in the short term, while resulting in significant declines in the likelihood of completing higher education for advantaged students enrolled in “high-status” public entities in the long term.
Disturbance alters phytoplankton functional traits and consequently drives changes in zooplankton life-history traits and lipid composition
Authors: Titocci Jessica , Fink Patrick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the light of the current biodiversity crisis that affects in particular freshwater ecosystems, it is crucial to understand the effects of functional diversity loss on phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions in freshwater food webs. Here, we simulated the loss of phytoplankton trait diversity by applying different intensities of mechanical disturbance to a natural phytoplankton community in a laboratory experiment. Different disturbance regimes clearly affected the trait distribution and functional diversity of these phytoplankton communities. In the experiment’s second phase, these altered communities were provided as a food source to the zooplankton grazers Daphnia longispina and Eudiaptomus graciloides and their life-history traits and lipid compositions were investigated. Both zooplankton fitness and reproductive success were affected differently, depending on the grazers’ feeding modes. Phytoplankton fatty acid composition was generally reflected in the consumers’ tissue. Nevertheless, some selective PUFAs accumulation occurred and mismatches in some fatty acids suggested a possible enzymatic modification of dietary fatty acids adopted to face biochemical deficiencies of the diets. Overall, this study highlights how a loss of specific traits in resource communities could impact consumer communities, and shows how these altered community traits may affect food web dynamics.
Fine-scale niche differences allow the co-existence of congeneric aquatic beetles in supratidal rockpools
Authors: García-Meseguer A. J. , Abellán P. , Mirón-Gatón J. M. , Botella-Cruz M. , Guareschi S. , Millán A. , Velasco J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere we focused on the co-occurrence pattern on regional and local scales, and on the niche differences of two species of congeneric beetles (Ochthebius quadricollis and O. lejolisii, Hydraenidae) exclusive of supratidal rockpools. Abundances of adults and larval stages from both species and environmental variables were obtained in 10 pools from 12 localities along the Iberian Mediterranean coast. To determine the local co-existence pattern, we monthly sampled two localities in an annual cycle. On regional and local scales, we found negative correlations between both species’ pool abundances, which suggest spatio-temporal segregation based on their different environmental responses. The OMI analysis detected interspecific niche differences, larger in larvae than adults. The best regression models obtained for O. quadricollis larvae included depth, conductivity, and fine sediments as the main explanatory variables with a positive effect, and distance to sea and CPOM with a negative effect. For O. lejolisii larvae, the best models included CPOM and periphyton with positive effects, while pool area, depth and conductivity negatively affected. Our results suggest that subtle interspecific differences in ecological niches, mainly those related to pool hydroperiod and salinity, could determine spatio-temporal storage effects as the principal mechanisms of co-existence on local and regional scales.
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Ameliorates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury By Modulating M2a Macrophage Polarization Via the TREM2/PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Qiao Xin , Wang Hua , He Yulin , Song Dongfang , Altawil Abdullah , Wang Qiuyue , Yin Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and progressive pulmonary inflammatory disease that is difficult to cure and has a poor prognosis. Macrophages, which have various phenotypes and diverse functions, play an essential role in the pathogenesis of ALI. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) has received much attention over several decades, and many biological activities such as anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory have been identified. This study aimed to determine the effect of GSP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. In this study, we established an ALI mouse model by tracheal instillation of LPS, and by pre-injection of GSP into mice to examine the effect of GSP on the ALI mouse model. Using H&E staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA, we found that GSP attenuated LPS-induced lung pathological changes and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression in ALI mice. In addition, GSP reduced the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the lung and significantly promoted the polarization of primary mouse lung macrophages from M1 to M2a induced by LPS. In vitro, GSP also decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and M1 macrophage marker iNOS induced by LPS in MH-S cells, while increasing the expression levels of M2a macrophage marker CD206. Bioinformatics analysis identified TREM2 and the PI3K/Akt pathway as candidate targets and signaling pathways that regulate M1/M2a macrophage polarization in ALI, respectively. Furthermore, GSP activated PI3K/Akt and increased TREM2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, GSP's impact on M2a polarization and inflammation suppression was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or siRNA knockdown TREM2. In addition, GSP-enhanced PI3K/Akt activity was prevented by TREM2 siRNA. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GSP could ameliorate LPS-induced ALI by modulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2a via the TREM2/PI3K/Akt pathway.
Cryogenic Solid Solubility Measurements for HFC-32 + CO2 Binary Mixtures at Temperatures Between (132 and 217) K
Authors: Sadaghiani Mirhadi S. , Siahvashi Arman , Arami-Niya Arash , Tsuji Tomoya , Yukumoto Atsuhiro , Seiki Yoshio , Al Ghafri Saif Z. S. , Stanwix Paul L. , May Eric F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurate phase equilibrium data for mixtures of eco-friendly but mildly-flammable refrigerants with inert components like CO2 will help the refrigeration industry safely employ working fluids with 80 % less global warming potential than those of many widely-used refrigerants. In this work, a visual high-pressure measurement setup was used to measure solid–fluid equilibrium (SFE) of HFC-32 + CO2 binary systems at temperatures between (132 and 217) K. The experimental data show a eutectic composition of around 11 mol % CO2 with a eutectic temperature of 131.9 K at solid–liquid–vapour (SLVE) condition. Measured SLVE and solid–liquid equilibrium data were used to tune a thermodynamic model implemented in the ThermoFAST software package by adjusting the binary interaction parameter (BIP) in the Peng–Robinson equation of state. The tuned model represents the measured melting points for binary mixtures with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 3.2 K, which is 60 % less than achieved with the default BIP. An RMSD of 0.5 K was obtained using the tuned model for the mixtures with CO2 fractions over 28 mol % relative to an RMSD of 3.4 K obtained with the default model. The new property data and improved model presented in this work will help avoid solid deposition risk in cryogenic applications of the HFC-32 + CO2 binary system and promote wider applications of more environmentally-friendly refrigerant mixtures.