bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting characteristics of atmospheric rivers and their impacts on 2016 and 2020 wildfire seasons over the western United States
Authors: Ryoo Ju-Mee , Park Taejin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An atmospheric river (AR) is a strong filamentary water vapor transport that plays a critical role in regional hydroclimate systems. While climate conditions can affect wildfire activities, the process by which ARs are associated with wildfire patterns remains unclear. Here, we characterize ARs in 2016 and 2020, and associate them with fire spread and burned areas along with other climate conditions in the western U.S. We found the record-high wildfire activity in 2020 was associated with hotter, drier, and windier conditions, with its peak shifted from July to August, unlike the climatological fire seasonality in the western U.S. It was also linked to satellite-observed low soil moisture during pre- and on fire season but high vegetation greenness, a proxy of fuel load, during the pre-fire season. ARs were more frequent but weaker in the summer, while ARs were less frequent and short-lived in the fall of 2020 than those of 2016. The year 2016 experienced a ‘coupled’ precipitation-wind pattern (i.e. higher wind accompanying high precipitation). In contrast, precipitation was much lower in 2020 than in 2016, showing a ‘decoupled’ precipitation-wind pattern, particularly in the spring and fall. Under ARs, the contrasting precipitation-wind patterns in 2020 (dry-windy) and 2016 (wet-windy) were more evident. For example, the surface wind (precipitation) in the AR cases was higher by 9% (34%) than in the non-AR cases in 2020 (both years) (p < 0.01) over land. The daily fire activity records demonstrate that long-lived, successive, and coastal ocean originated (centered) ARs with high precipitation help suppress fire activity (e.g. September-November 2016), while short-lived or no ARs with strong wind and little precipitation rather yield fire activity (e.g. August and September 2020). This result highlights how ARs can be associated with wildfire activity patterns during the pre-fire and fire seasons in the western U.S.
Elucidating the local structure of V substitutes in In2S3 as potential intermediate band material by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations
Authors: Ghorbani Elaheh , Schiller Martin , Falk Hans H , Wägele Leonard A , Eckner Stefanie , d’Acapito Francesco , Scheer Roland , Albe Karsten , Schnohr Claudia S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Vanadium doped indium sulphide, In2S3:V, is studied as a potential absorber material for intermediate band (IB) solar cells. Based on electronic considerations, it is usually assumed that V occupies octahedrally coordinated In sites, although geometrical considerations would favour tetrahedral In sites. In this study, we therefore combined experimental x-ray diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopy with ab initio theoretical calculations of both

α

and

β

phase to elucidate the incorporation of V in In2S3:V thin films grown with different V content and different growth temperatures. Comparing shape and position of the measured and calculated x-ray absorption edge of V, comparing experimentally determined and calculated V–S bond lengths, and evaluating the calculated heat of solution of V on different lattice sites all indicate that V is incorporated on octahedral rather than tetrahedral sites in the In2S3 matrix. For this material system, the electronic benefit of octahedral coordination thus outweighs the mechanical stress of the associated lattice relaxation. Finally, we studied the electronic structure of V-substituted

α

-

I

n
2

S
3

using hybrid density functional calculations and find that for a concentration of 1.9 at %, V on octahedrally coordinated In sites forms an empty IB isolated from valence band and conduction band (CB). By increasing the V content to 3.8 at %, however, the gap between IB and CB closes, which results in a reduction of the band gap. This differs from the electronic structure calculated for

β

-

I

n
2

S
3

:V and clearly demonstrates that both crystal structure and V incorporation site affect the resulting electronic material properties.
Mathematics of biomedical imaging today—a perspective
Authors: Betcke Marta M , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biomedical imaging is a fascinating, rich and dynamic research area, which has huge importance in biomedical research and clinical practice alike. The key technology behind the processing, and automated analysis and quantification of imaging data is mathematics. Starting with the optimisation of the image acquisition and the reconstruction of an image from indirect tomographic measurement data, all the way to the automated segmentation of tumours in medical images and the design of optimal treatment plans based on image biomarkers, mathematics appears in all of these in different flavours. Non-smooth optimisation in the context of sparsity-promoting image priors, partial differential equations for image registration and motion estimation, and deep neural networks for image segmentation, to name just a few. In this article, we present and review mathematical topics that arise within the whole biomedical imaging pipeline, from tomographic measurements to clinical support tools, and highlight some modern topics and open problems. The article is addressed to both biomedical researchers who want to get a taste of where mathematics arises in biomedical imaging as well as mathematicians who are interested in what mathematical challenges biomedical imaging research entails.
Formation mechanism of inherent spatial heterogeneity of microstructure and mechanical properties of NiTi SMA prepared by laser directed energy deposition
Authors: Luo MengJie , Li Ruidi , Zheng Dan , Kang JingTao , Wu HuiTing , Deng ShengHua , Niu PengDa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ni51Ti49 at.% bulk was additively manufactured by laser-directed energy deposition (DED) to reveal the microstructure evolution, phase distribution, and mechanical properties. It is found that the localized remelting, reheating, and heat accumulation during DED leads to the spatial heterogeneous distribution of columnar crystal and equiaxed crystal, a gradient distribution of Ni4Ti3 precipitates along the building direction, and preferential formation of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in the columnar zone. The austenite transformation finish temperature (A
f) varies from −12.65 °C (Z = 33 mm) to 60.35 °C (Z = 10 mm), corresponding to tensile yield strength (σ
0.2) changed from 120 ± 30 MPa to 570 ± 20 MPa, and functional properties changed from shape memory effect to superelasticity at room temperature. The sample in the Z = 20.4 mm height has the best plasticity of 9.6% and the best recoverable strain of 4.2%. This work provided insights and guidelines for the spatial characterization of DEDed NiTi.
Rail profile matching method based on stepped calibration plate and improved SURF algorithm
Authors: Xu-ang Chen , Yan Han , Heng Deng , Jian-hua Zhou , Chen Li , Xue-cai Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to avoid the calibration plane and laser plane do not coincide and the rail profile is difficult to match dynamically, a stepped calibration plate is made, and a rail profile matching method based on the improved SURF algorithm and random sample consensus algorithm (RANSAC) is proposed. Firstly, a stepped rail profile calibration plate is designed and fabricated, which can directly calibrate the laser plane, avoiding the problem that the calibration plane and the line laser plane do not coincide completely in practical application. In the calibration process, collect the optimal control points and calibrate the image by polynomial transformation and bilinear interpolation, then complete contour rough matching using SURF algorithm. During the SURF algorithm, construct the matching constraint of the center of the orbit waist to delete part of the false matches. Finally, the improved RANSAC algorithm is used to filter the wrong matches, achieving precise contour matching. The experimental results show that compared with traditional contour matching methods, the improved contour matching algorithm has higher accuracy and stronger robustness.
Deep learning symmetries and their Lie groups, algebras, and subalgebras from first principles
Authors: Forestano Roy T , Matchev Konstantin T , Matcheva Katia , Roman Alexander , Unlu Eyup B , Verner Sarunas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe design a deep-learning algorithm for the discovery and identification of the continuous group of symmetries present in a labeled dataset. We use fully connected neural networks to model the symmetry transformations and the corresponding generators. The constructed loss functions ensure that the applied transformations are symmetries and the corresponding set of generators forms a closed (sub)algebra. Our procedure is validated with several examples illustrating different types of conserved quantities preserved by symmetry. In the process of deriving the full set of symmetries, we analyze the complete subgroup structure of the rotation groupsSO(2),SO(3), andSO(4), and of the Lorentz groupSO(1,3). Other examples include squeeze mapping, piecewise discontinuous labels, andSO(10), demonstrating that our method is completely general, with many possible applications in physics and data science. Our study also opens the door for using a machine learning approach in the mathematical study of Lie groups and their properties.
The perceived control model of falling: developing a unified framework to understand and assess maladaptive fear of falling
Authors: Ellmers Toby J , Wilson Mark R , Kal Elmar C , Young William R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
fear of falling is common in older adults and can have a profound influence on a variety of behaviours that increase fall risk. However, fear of falling can also have potentially positive outcomes for certain individuals. Without progressing our understanding of mechanisms underlying these contrasting outcomes, it is difficult to clinically manage fear of falling.

Methods
this paper first summarises recent findings on the topic of fear of falling, balance and fall risk—including work highlighting the protective effects of fear. Specific focus is placed on describing how fear of falling influences perceptual, cognitive and motor process in ways that might either increase or reduce fall risk. Finally, it reports the development and validation of a new clinical tool that can be used to assess the maladaptive components of fear of falling.

Results
we present a new conceptual framework—the Perceived Control Model of Falling—that describes specific mechanisms through which fear of falling can influence fall risk. The key conceptual advance is the identification of perceived control over situations that threaten one’s balance as the crucial factor mediating the relationship between fear and increased fall risk. The new 4-item scale that we develop—the Updated Perceived Control over Falling Scale (UP-COF)—is a valid and reliable tool to clinically assess perceived control.

Conclusion
this new conceptualisation and tool (UP-COF) allows clinicians to identify individuals for whom fear of falling is likely to increase fall risk, and target specific underlying maladaptive processes such as low perceived control.
Impact of Holding Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Around mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Administration on Humoral Immune Response and Development of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Motwani Kiran K , Hashash Jana G , Farraye Francis A , Kappelman Michael D , Weaver Kimberly N , Zhang Xian , Long Millie D , Cross Raymond K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:

Background and Aims
The BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines are efficacious in patients with inflammatory bowel disease; but there is a lack of data examining if holding immunosuppressive therapy around vaccination improves immune response. We studied the effect of holding IBD medications around the time of vaccination on antibody response and breakthrough COVID-19 infection.

Methods
Partnership to Report Effectiveness of Vaccination in populations Excluded from iNitial Trials of COVID is a prospective cohort of individuals with IBD receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Quantitative measurement of anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was performed 8 weeks after completing a vaccination series.

Results
A total of 1854 patients were included; 59% were on anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] [10% of these on combination therapy], 11% on vedolizumab, and 14% on ustekinumab; 11% of participants held therapy before or after vaccine administration for at least 2 weeks. Antibody levels were similar in participants continuing versus holding anti-TNF monotherapy before or after the second vaccine [BNT162b2: 10 μg/mL vs 8.9 μg/mL; mRNA-1273: 17.5 μg/mL vs 14.5 μg/mL]. Comparable results were seen in those on combination therapy. Antibody titres in those on ustekinumab or vedolizumab were higher compared with anti-TNF users, but there was no significant difference if the drug was held or continued [BNT162b2: 22.5 μg/mL vs 23 μg/mL; mRNA-1273: 88 μg/mL vs 51 μg/mL]. Holding therapy was not associated with decreased rate of COVID-19 infection compared with those not holding therapy [BNT162b2: 28% vs 29%; mRNA-1273: 19% vs 31%].

Conclusion
We recommend continuing IBD medications while receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccination without interruption.
Right ventricular ejection fraction assessed by computed tomography in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Tanaka Tetsu , Sugiura Atsushi , Kavsur Refik , Öztürk Can , Vogelhuber Johanna , Wilde Nihal , Kütting Daniel , Meyer Carsten , Zimmer Sebastian , Grube Eberhard , Bakhtiary Farhad , Nickenig Georg , Weber Marcel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
The role of right ventricular function in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) is poorly understood. This study investigated the association of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) assessed by cardiac computed tomography (CCT) with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TTVR.

Methods and results
We retrospectively assessed three-dimensional (3D) RVEF by using pre-procedural CCT images in patients undergoing TTVR. RV dysfunction was defined as a CT-RVEF of &lt;45%. The primary outcome was a composite outcome, consisting of all-cause mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure, within 1 year after TTVR. Of 157 patients, 58 (36.9%) presented with CT-RVEF &lt;45%. Procedural success and in-hospital mortality were comparable between patients with CT-RVEF &lt;45% and ≥45%. However, CT-RVEF of &lt;45% was associated with a higher risk of the composite outcome (hazard ratio: 2.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.65–5.41; P = 0.001), which had an additional value beyond two-dimensional echocardiographic assessments of RV function to stratify the risk of the composite outcome. In addition, patients with CT-RVEF ≥45% exhibited the association of procedural success (i.e. residual tricuspid regurgitation of ≤2+ at discharge) with a decreased risk of the composite outcome, while this association was attenuated in those with CT-RVEF &lt;45% (P for interaction = 0.035).

Conclusion
CT-RVEF is associated with the risk of the composite outcome after TTVR, and a reduced CT-RVEF might attenuate the prognostic benefit of TR reduction. The assessment of 3D-RVEF by using CCT may refine the patient selection for TTVR.
Impact of statins based on high-risk plaque features on coronary plaque progression in mild stenosis lesions: results from the PARADIGM study
Authors: Park Hyung-Bok , Arsanjani Reza , Sung Ji Min , Heo Ran , Lee Byoung Kwon , Lin Fay Y , Hadamitzky Martin , Kim Yong-Jin , Conte Edoardo , Andreini Daniele , Pontone Gianluca , Budoff Matthew J , Gottlieb Ilan , Chun Eun Ju , Cademartiri Filippo , Maffei Erica , Marques Hugo , Gonçalves Pedro de Araújo , Leipsic Jonathon A , Lee Sang-Eun , Shin Sanghoon , Choi Jung Hyun , Virmani Renu , Samady Habib , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Stone Peter H , Berman Daniel S , Narula Jagat , Shaw Leslee J , Bax Jeroen J , Min James K , Chang Hyuk-Jae 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the impact of statins on plaque progression according to high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaque (HRP) features and to identify predictive factors for rapid plaque progression in mild coronary artery disease (CAD) using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods and results
We analyzed mild stenosis (25–49%) CAD, totaling 1432 lesions from 613 patients (mean age, 62.2 years, 63.9% male) and who underwent serial CCTA at a ≥2 year inter-scan interval using the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque DetermIned by Computed TomoGraphic Angiography Imaging (NCT02803411) registry. The median inter-scan period was 3.5 ± 1.4 years; plaques were quantitatively assessed for annualized percent atheroma volume (PAV) and compositional plaque volume changes according to HRP features, and the rapid plaque progression was defined by the ≥90th percentile annual PAV. In mild stenotic lesions with ≥2 HRPs, statin therapy showed a 37% reduction in annual PAV (0.97 ± 2.02 vs. 1.55 ± 2.22, P = 0.038) with decreased necrotic core volume and increased dense calcium volume compared to non-statin recipient mild lesions. The key factors for rapid plaque progression were ≥2 HRPs [hazard ratio (HR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–3.49; P = 0.042], current smoking (HR, 1.69; 95% CI 1.09–2.57; P = 0.017), and diabetes (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07–2.22; P = 0.020).

Conclusion
In mild CAD, statin treatment reduced plaque progression, particularly in lesions with a higher number of HRP features, which was also a strong predictor of rapid plaque progression. Therefore, aggressive statin therapy might be needed even in mild CAD with higher HRPs.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02803411
Pericardial late gadolinium enhancement and time to recurrence: a substudy from RHAPSODY, a phase 3 clinical trial of rilonacept in recurrent pericarditis
Authors: Cremer Paul C , Lin David , Luis Sushil A , Petersen John , Abbate Antonio , Jellis Christine L , Kwon Debbie , Brucato Antonio , Fang Fang , Insalaco Antonella , LeWinter Martin , Lewis Basil S , Zou Liangxing , Nicholls Stephen J , Klein Allan L , Imazio Massimo , Paolini John F ,   RHAPSODY Investigators, Abbate Antonio , Abo-Auda Wael , Akhtar Asif , Arad Michael , Atar Shaul , Baibhav Bipul , Bhalla Karan , Brucato Antonio , Collins Sean , Colquhoun David , Cremer Paul , Cross David , Dwivedi Girish , Eisen Alon , Freedberg Nahum , Fuchs Shmuel , Gaddam Eliyazar , Gattorno Marco , Gelfand Eli , Grena Paul , Halabi Majdi , Harris David , Imazio Massimo , Insalaco Antonella , Karim Amin , Klein Allan , Knowlton Kirk , Kontzias Apostolos , Kornberg Robert , Latif Faisal , Leibowitz David , LeWinter Martin , Lin David , Lotan Dor , Lou Pey Wen , Luis S. Allen , Moriel Mady , Nicholls Stephen , Petersen John , Portman Michael , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Schiff Elad , Siegel Robert , Stokes Michael , Sutej Paul , Wittekind Samuel , Witzling Valentin , Zukermann Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
In this protocol-predefined substudy of the RHAPSODY trial, the primary aim was to assess whether pericardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was associated with time to pericarditis recurrence.

Methods and results
RHAPSODY was a Phase 3 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized-withdrawal trial that demonstrated the efficacy of rilonacept in recurrent pericarditis (RP). Patients with a history of multiple RP and an active recurrence were enrolled and had the option to participate in a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging substudy. CMRs were interpreted by a blinded independent core laboratory with prespecified criteria to define pericardial LGE. Compared to patients with trace or mild pericardial LGE (n = 9), patients with moderate or severe pericardial LGE (n = 16) generally had a higher number of recurrent episodes per year (5.3 vs. 3.9) and a higher mean CRP level (3.6 vs. 1.1 mg/dL). Overall, 10/14 (71.4%) who received a placebo had a recurrence compared to 0/11 (0%) who received rilonacept. In patients randomized to placebo who had moderate or severe pericardial LGE, the median time to recurrence was 4.2 weeks compared to 10.7 weeks in patients who had trace or mild pericardial LGE. At the conclusion of the event-driven randomized-withdrawal period, among patients receiving a placebo, 5/7 (71.4%) with trace or mild pericardial LGE and 5/7 (71.4%) with moderate or severe pericardial LGE had a recurrence.

Conclusions
Among patients with multiple RP, these preliminary findings support the concept of pericardial LGE as an imaging biomarker that may inform the duration of treatment and risk of recurrence with cessation of therapy and larger studies should be considered.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03737110
Perioperative neuromonitoring during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair: a systematic review
Authors: Sef Davorin , Thet Myat Soe , Miskolczi Szabolcs , Velissaris Theodore , De Silva Ravi , Luthra Suvitesh , Turina Marko I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
While open surgical repair remains the gold standard for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) treatment, there is still no consensus regarding perioperative neuromonitoring technique for prevention of spinal cord ischaemia.

METHODS
In this systematic review, we aimed to explore the effects and practices of neuromonitoring during the open TAAA repair. A systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrialsGov until December 2022 was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 535 studies were identified from the literature search, of which 27 studies including a total of 3130 patients met the eligibility criteria. Most studies (21 out of 27, 78%) investigated the feasibility of motor-evoked potentials (MEP), while 15 analysed somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) and 2 studies analysed near-infrared spectroscopy during open TAAA repair.

CONCLUSIONS
Current literature suggest that rates of postoperative spinal cord ischaemia can be kept at low levels after open TAAA repair with the adequate precautions and perioperative manoeuvres. Neuromonitoring with MEP provides the surgeon objective criteria to direct selective intercostal reconstruction or other protective anaesthetic and surgical manoeuvres. Simultaneous monitoring of MEP and SSEP is a reliable method that can rapidly detect important findings and direct adequate protective manoeuvres during open TAAA repair.