bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Quality of Statutory Social Workers’ Communication Skills with Young People: Reliability of the My Social Work Partner Scales
Authors: Baviskar Siddhartha , Antczak Helle B , Bjerregaard Anne H , Ebsen Frank C , Larsen Karin S , Mackrill Thomas , Rosted Malene K , Steensbæk Signe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStatutory meetings are at the core of social work practice, yet there is no quantitatively tested common set of criteria for assessing statutory social workers’ communication skills with young people. Reliably measuring such skills is important for the training and supervision of social workers as well for drawing conclusions about whether such skills impact service users’ outcomes. To fill this gap, we developed a new measure, the My Social Work Partner (MRP in Danish abbreviation) scales, which measure eleven dimensions of statutory communication. We tested the inter-coder reliability and intra-coder reliability of codings on the MRP scales using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) in a random sample of thirty videotapes of statutory meetings. Five professional social workers participated in the inter-coder reliability test; three of them coded the same films again after a three- to five-month interval for the intra-coder reliability test. ICC estimates of inter-coder reliability ranged from good to excellent. Intra-coder reliability estimates ranged from fair to excellent. Overall, the results are promising and support the use of the MRP scales in social work practice with young persons, education and research. Future research will focus on how to improve the intra-coder reliability of the scales, in particular the Dialogue structure scale.
Cortical interneuron development is affected in 4H leukodystrophy
Authors: Dooves Stephanie , Kok Liza M L , Holmes Dwayne B , Breeuwsma Nicole , Breur Marjolein , Bugiani Marianna , Wolf Nicole I , Heine Vivi M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
4H leukodystrophy is a rare genetic disorder classically characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. With the discovery that 4H is caused by mutations that affect RNA polymerase III, mainly involved in the transcription of small non-coding RNAs, patients with atypical presentations with mainly a neuronal phenotype were also identified. Pathomechanisms of 4H brain abnormalities are still unknown and research is hampered by a lack of preclinical models. We aimed to identify cells and pathways that are affected by 4H mutations using induced pluripotent stem cell models.
RNA sequencing analysis on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar cells revealed several differentially expressed genes between 4H patients and control samples, including reduced ARX expression. As ARX is involved in early brain and interneuron development, we studied and confirmed interneuron changes in primary tissue of 4H patients. Subsequently, we studied interneuron changes in more depth and analysed induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neuron cultures for changes in neuronal morphology, synaptic balance, network activity and myelination. We showed a decreased percentage of GABAergic synapses in 4H, which correlated to increased neuronal network activity. Treatment of cultures with GABA antagonists led to a significant increase in neuronal network activity in control cells but not in 4H cells, also pointing to lack of inhibitory activity in 4H. Myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation in cultures with 4H neurons was normal, and treatment with sonic hedgehog agonist SAG did not improve 4H related neuronal phenotypes. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed increased expression of parvalbumin interneuron marker ERBB4, suggesting that the development rather than generation of interneurons may be affected in 4H.
Together, these results indicate that interneurons are involved, possibly parvalbumin interneurons, in disease mechanisms of 4H leukodystrophy.
Age-related differences in resting-state functional connectivity from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Sanders Ashley F P , Harms Michael P , Kandala Sridhar , Marek Scott , Somerville Leah H , Bookheimer Susan Y , Dapretto Mirella , Thomas Kathleen M , Van Essen David C , Yacoub Essa , Barch Deanna M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe human brain is active at rest, and spontaneous fluctuations in functional MRI BOLD signals reveal an intrinsic functional architecture. During childhood and adolescence, functional networks undergo varying patterns of maturation, and measures of functional connectivity within and between networks differ as a function of age. However, many aspects of these developmental patterns (e.g. trajectory shape and directionality) remain unresolved. In the present study, we characterised age-related differences in within- and between-network resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and integration (i.e. participation coefficient, PC) in a large cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents (n = 628) aged 8–21 years from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development. We found evidence for both linear and non-linear differences in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar rsFC, as well as integration, that varied by age. Additionally, we found that sex moderated the relationship between age and putamen integration where males displayed significant age-related increases in putamen PC compared with females. Taken together, these results provide evidence for complex, non-linear differences in some brain systems during development.
Delivering difference: ‘Unbelonging’ among US platform parcel delivery workers
Authors: Johnston Hannah , Mommadova Yana , Vallas Steven , Schor Juliet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper explores a neglected aspect of platform work: how the spatial mobility that app-based couriers must perform requires them to violate taken-for-granted assumptions that define who belongs where. By assigning tasks during atypical hours and requiring gig workers to use their personal clothing, tools and vehicles, platforms strip delivery workers of signifiers that legitimate their presence in consumers’ neighbourhoods. The result is a condition we call ‘unbelonging’ – a liminal state in which their presence is considered problematic, exposing them to threats of physical and symbolic violence. Our findings, which draw on 45 interviews with parcel delivery workers, contribute to the developing literature on urban geography and the socio-spatial impacts of the platform revolution.
Post-quantum cryptographic assemblages and the governance of the quantum threat
Authors: Csenkey Kristen , Bindel Nina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThreats against security in the Internet often have a wide range and can have serious impacts within society. Large quantum computers will be able to break the cryptographic algorithms used to ensure security today, which is known as the quantum threat. Quantum threats are multi-faceted and very complex cybersecurity issues. We use assemblage theory to explore the complexities associated with these threats, including how they are understood within policy and strategy. It is in this way that we explore how the governance of the quantum threat is made visible. Generally, the private and academic sectors have been a primary driver in this field, but other actors (especially states) have begun to grapple with the threat and have begun to understand the relation to defence challenges, and pathways to cooperation in order to prepare against the threat. This may pose challenges for traditional avenues of defence cooperation as states attempt to understand and manage the associated technologies and perceived threats. We examine how traditionally cooperating allies attempt to govern the quantum threat by focusing on Australia, Canada, European Union, New Zealand, UK, and USA. We explore the linkages within post-quantum cryptographic assemblages and identify several governmental interventions as attempts to understand and manage the threat and associated technologies. In examining over 40 policy and strategy-related documents between traditionally defence cooperating allies, we identify six main linkages: Infrastructure, Standardization, Education, Partnerships, Economy, and Defence. These linkages highlight the governmental interventions to govern through standardization and regulation as a way to define the contours of the quantum threat.
Challenging sympathy in Mary Shelley’s fiction: Frankenstein, Mathilda, and ‘The Mourner’
Authors: Faubert Michelle 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Several critics have noted Mary Shelley’s engagement with the medico-philosophical concept of sympathy in Frankenstein (1818) and, to a lesser extent, in Mathilda (written 1819; published 1959), but no one has observed that these texts – and I would add her critically neglected short-story ‘The Mourner’ (1830) to the mix – work together to explore sympathy as problematic, both between characters and in terms of readerly affect. Unusually for the Romantic period, when sympathy was almost always viewed as positive, all three of these texts show how and when sympathy can go too far and become destructive, travel beyond the bounds of social norms, or even become dangerous. These fictions should be understood as a triad that tests popular notions about sympathy as unproblematically good, showing that the challenge of sympathy is an intellectual problem Shelley investigates for over a decade in her fiction.
Evolutionary radiation in canids following continental colonizations
Authors: Porto Lucas M V , Etienne Rampal S , Maestri Renan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractColonization of a new environment may trigger an evolutionary radiation, defined as an accelerated accumulation of species in a short period of time. However, how often colonization events trigger such radiations is still an open question. We studied the worldwide dispersal of Caninae to investigate whether the invasion of new continents resulted in elevated species diversification. We used a combination of ancestral range estimation and phylogenetic analyses to estimate the ancestral ranges of 56 extant and extinct species of Caninae, as well as variation in speciation and extinction rates through time and across clades. Our findings indicate that canids experienced an evolutionary radiation event when lineages were able to reach Eurasia and South America around 11 million years ago. A large number of species arising in a short period of time suggests that canids experienced ecological opportunity events within the new areas, implying that the differences in the ecological settings between continents, and size variation among Canidae and other carnivores may be responsible for the variation in clade dynamics. We suggest that the increase of grasslands and the new herbivorous fauna that came with it were the major forces responsible for the diversification of wolves in North America, while empty niches and the absence of competitors can explain the success of canids in Africa and South America. Interaction with other carnivores probably also affected the diversification dynamics of canids.
Wide distribution of D-xylose dehydrogenase in yeasts reveals a new element in the D-xylose metabolism for bioethanol production
Authors: Galhardo Juliana P , Piffer André P , Fiamenghi Mateus B , Borelli Guilherme , da Silva Duguay R M , Vasconcelos Adrielle A , Carazzolle Marcelo F , Pereira Gonçalo A G , José Juliana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractD-xylose utilization by yeasts is an essential feature for improving second-generation ethanol production. However, industrial yeast strains are incapable of consuming D-xylose. Previous analyzes of D-xylose-consuming or fermenting yeast species reveal that the genomic features associated with this phenotype are complex and still not fully understood. Here we present a previously neglected yeast enzyme related to D-xylose metabolism, D-xylose dehydrogenase (XylDH), which is found in at least 105 yeast genomes. By analyzing the XylDH gene family, we brought evidence of gene evolution marked by purifying selection on codons and positive selection evidence in D-xylose-consuming and fermenting species, suggesting the importance of XylDH for D-xylose-related phenotypes in yeasts. Furthermore, although we found no putative metabolic pathway for XylDH in yeast genomes, namely the absence of three bacterial known pathways for this enzyme, we also provide its expression profile on D-xylose media following D-xylose reductase for two yeasts with publicly available transcriptomes. Based on these results, we suggest that XylDH plays an important role in D-xylose usage by yeasts, likely being involved in a cofactor regeneration system by reducing cofactor imbalance in the D-xylose reductase pathway.
Mixed yeast communities contribute to regionally distinct wine attributes
Authors: Hawkins Diana Lynne , Ryder Jess , Lee Soon A , Parish-Virtue Katie , Fedrizzi Bruno , Goddard Matthew R , Knight Sarah J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is evidence that vineyard yeast communities are regionally differentiated, but the extent to which this contributes to wine regional distinctiveness is not yet clear. This study represents the first experimental test of the hypothesis that mixed yeast communities—comprising multiple, region-specific, isolates, and species—contribute to regional wine attributes. Yeast isolates were sourced from uninoculated Pinot Noir fermentations from 17 vineyards across Martinborough, Marlborough, and Central Otago in New Zealand. New methodologies for preparing representative, mixed species inoculum from these significantly differentiated regional yeast communities in a controlled, replicable manner were developed and used to inoculate Pinot Noir ferments. A total of 28 yeast-derived aroma compounds were measured in the resulting wines via headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Yeast community region of origin had a significant impact on wine aroma, explaining ∼10% of the observed variation, which is in line with previous reports of the effects of region-specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates on Sauvignon Blanc ferments. This study shows that regionally distinct, mixed yeast communities can modulate wine aroma compounds in a regionally distinct manner and are in line with the hypothesis that there is a microbial component to regional distinctiveness, or terroir, for New Zealand Pinot Noir.
Estimating the genetic parameters of yield-related traits under different nitrogen conditions in maize
Authors: Palali Delen Semra , Xu Gen , Velazquez-Perfecto Jenifer , Yang Jinliang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis responding to nitrogen (N) fertilization in crop production is a long-standing research topic in plant breeding and genetics. Albeit years of continuous efforts, the genetic architecture parameters, such as heritability, polygenicity, and mode of selection, underlying the N responses in maize remain largely unclear. In this study, about n = 230 maize inbred lines were phenotyped under high N (HN) and low N (LN) conditions for 2 consecutive years to obtain 6 yield-related traits. Heritability analyses suggested that traits highly responsive to N treatments were less heritable. Using publicly available SNP genotypes, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify n = 237 and n = 130 trait-associated loci under HN and LN conditions, n = 164 for N-responsive (NR) traits, and n = 31 for genotype by N interaction (G × N). Furthermore, genome-wide complex trait Bayesian (GCTB) analysis, a method complementary to GWAS, was performed to estimate genetic parameters, including genetic polygenicity and the mode of selection (S). GCTB results suggested that the NR value of a yield component trait was highly polygenic and that 4 NR traits exhibited negative correlations between SNP effects and their minor allele frequencies (or the S value &lt;0)—a pattern consistent with negative selection to purge deleterious alleles. This study reveals the complex genetic architecture underlying N responses for yield-related traits and provides candidate genetic loci for N resilient maize improvement.
Well-Being as a Protective Factor Against Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Review of the Literature and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Willroth Emily C , Pfund Gabrielle N , McGhee Chloe , Rule Payton 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Treatments that target the biological causes of dementia remain limited, making prevention critically important. Well-being—defined broadly as living in accordance with one’s potential and experiencing one’s life as enjoyable and satisfying—is a promising avenue for prevention. It can be targeted by large-scale, noninvasive interventions and has been linked with better cognitive health and lower dementia risk. In the current review, we begin by summarizing empirical evidence linking well-being to cognitive functioning, cognitive decline, dementia diagnosis, and dementia-related neuropathology. Then, we highlight 3 key areas for future research.

Methods
We searched the literature on wellbeing, cognitive decline, and dementia, focusing on prospective and longitidinal evidence.

Results
The research reviewed here provides consistent evidence for associations of well-being with cognitive decline, dementia risk, and cognitive resilience to neuropathology. However, several open questions remain regarding (1) causality and mechanism(s), (2) specificity versus generalizability of associations, and (3) timing.

Discussion
To inform potential intervention efforts, the field must address complex open questions about whether, how, when, and for whom well-being influences dementia risk. The majority of existing research on well-being and cognitive health is correlational, and few studies have tested potential mechanisms that may explain those associations. Further, relatively little is known about the generalizability of associations across different aspects of well-being and for different sociocultural groups. Finally, we do not yet understand when in the life span and on what timescale well-being might influence cognitive health. We discuss challenges and opportunities for addressing each of these open questions, including concrete recommendations for research designs and use of open science practices.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of goose provides insight into the adaptation and growth of local goose breeds
Authors: Zhao Qiqi , Lin Zhenping , Chen Junpeng , Xie Zi , Wang Jun , Feng Keyu , Lin Wencheng , Li Hongxin , Hu Zezhong , Chen Weiguo , Chen Feng , Junaid Muhammad , Zhang Huanmin , Xie Qingmei , Zhang Xinheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Anatidae contains numerous waterfowl species with great economic value, but the genetic diversity basis remains insufficiently investigated. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of Lion-head goose (Anser cygnoides), a native breed in South China, through the combination of PacBio, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies.

Findings
The assembly had a total genome size of 1.19 Gb, consisting of 1,859 contigs with an N50 length of 20.59 Mb, generating 40 pseudochromosomes, representing 97.27% of the assembled genome, and identifying 21,208 protein-coding genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that geese and ducks diverged approximately 28.42 million years ago, and geese have undergone massive gene family expansion and contraction. To identify genetic markers associated with body weight in different geese breeds, including Wuzong goose, Huangzong goose, Magang goose, and Lion-head goose, a genome-wide association study was performed, yielding an average of 1,520.6 Mb of raw data that detected 44,858 single-mucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genome-wide association study showed that 6 SNPs were significantly associated with body weight and 25 were potentially associated. The significantly associated SNPs were annotated as LDLRAD4, GPR180, and OR, enriching in growth factor receptor regulation pathways.

Conclusions
We present the first chromosome-level assembly of the Lion-head goose genome, which will expand the genomic resources of the Anatidae family, providing a basis for adaptation and evolution. Candidate genes significantly associated with different goose breeds may serve to understand the underlying mechanisms of weight differences.
Cyberviolence Against Women Under International Human Rights Law: Buturugă v Romania and Volodina v Russia (No 2)
Authors: Sinclair-Blakemore Adaena 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
This article analyses the recent judgments of Buturugă v Romania and Volodina v Russia (No 2), the first judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (Court) to recognise cyberviolence against women as a violation of Article 8 of the ECHR in circumstances where the respondent states failed to discharge their positive obligations to prevent, protect from and punish acts of cyberviolence against women. While the Court’s judgments in both cases have much to commend insofar as they expressly recognise cyberviolence against women as a human rights violation, this article posits that the Court’s framing of its analyses in both judgments under Article 8 rather than Article 3 is problematic for several reasons: first, Article 8 is a qualified right that may be subject to lawful interference by states; secondly, the invocation of Article 8 does not adequately capture the gravity of the human rights violation and, more broadly, undermines the significant progress made in establishing violence against women as a violation of the prohibition of torture, in human or degrading treatment or punishment under international law; and thirdly, the recognition of cyberviolence against women as a violation of Article 8 does little to address the recalibrated public/private distinction under international law in the digital era, which has contributed to the prevalence of cyberviolence against women. This article contends that in the future the Court’s analysis of complaints concerning cyberviolence against women would be considerably improved by examining complaints under Article 3 rather than Article 8.
Understanding work in the online platform economy: the narrow, the broad, and the systemic perspectives
Authors: Garcia Calvo Angela , Kenney Martin , Zysman John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis critical review of research on platform-mediated work argues that platform work studies are too focused on gig and remote work platforms. We introduce a framework that identifies three perspectives on how platforms reorganize work: narrow, broad, and systemic. This framework is used to examine the impact of platform-mediated work on four different aspects of work: management power, work processes, social protection and labor rights, and skills and career prospects.
When Truth Commission Models Travel: Explaining the Norwegian Case
Authors: Skaar Elin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT∞
This article explores ‘late justice’ in the context of settler democracies with a history of racism, using Norway as a case study. It examines the background for the Norwegian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), established by the Norwegian Parliament in 2018 to investigate the consequences of historical and ongoing assimilation of the indigenous Sami people and two national minorities. I argue that although the Norwegian TRC was established in direct response to an initiative from the Sami Parliament, its successful creation was a result of political negotiations involving a series of actors, including Sami activists, mainstream politicians and various interest organizations. The protagonists pushing for a truth commission were in turn encouraged and inspired by a global focus on transitional justice, truth commissions and indigenous rights. Based on a desk study, interviews and media reports, and applying a theoretical framework emphasizing agency and norm diffusion, I argue that while the Norwegian TRC has explicitly used truth commissions elsewhere in the world – particularly the Canadian TRC – as models, it is quite unique in terms of mandate and design.