bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel flavin-containing monooxygenase protein FMO1 interacts with CAT2 to negatively regulate drought tolerance through ROS homeostasis and ABA signaling pathway in tomato
Authors: Wang Lulu , Zhou Yinlian , Ding Yin , Chen Chunrui , Chen Xueting , Su Nini , Zhang Xingguo , Pan Yu , Li Jinhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrought stress is the major abiotic factor that can seriously affect plant growth and crop production. The functions of flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are known in animals. They add molecular oxygen to lipophilic compounds or produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, little information on FMOs in plants is available. Here, we characterized a tomato drought-responsive gene that showed homology to FMO, and it was designated as FMO1. FMO1 was downregulated promptly by drought and ABA treatments. Transgenic functional analysis indicated that RNAi suppression of the expression of FMO1 (FMO1-Ri) improved drought tolerance relative to wild-type (WT) plants, whereas overexpression of FMO1 (FMO1-OE) reduced drought tolerance. The FMO1-Ri plants exhibited lower ABA accumulation, higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities, and less ROS generation compared with the WT and FMO1-OE plants under drought stress. RNA-seq transcriptional analysis revealed the differential expression levels of many drought-responsive genes that were co-expressed with FMO1, including PP2Cs, PYLs, WRKY, and LEA. Using Y2H screening, we found that FMO1 physically interacted with catalase 2 (CAT2), which is an antioxidant enzyme and confers drought resistance. Our findings suggest that tomato FMO1 negatively regulates tomato drought tolerance in the ABA-dependent pathway and modulates ROS homeostasis by directly binding to SlCAT2.
Monkeypox Virus Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies in Clinical Trial Participants Vaccinated With Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Encoding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus Spike Protein
Authors: Raadsen Matthijs P , Dahlke Christine , Fathi Anahita , Lamers Mart M , van den Doel Petra , Zaeck Luca M , van Royen Martin E , de Bruin Erwin , Sikkema Reina , Koopmans Marion , van Gorp Eric C M , Sutter Gerd , de Vries Rory D , Addo Marylyn M , Haagmans Bart L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is used as a vaccine against monkeypox virus and as a viral vaccine vector. MVA-MERS-S is a vaccine candidate against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)–associated coronavirus. Here, we report that cross-reactive monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies were detectable in only a single study participant after the first dose of MVA-MERS-S vaccine, in 3 of 10 after the second dose, and in 10 of 10 after the third dose.
The posttranscriptional regulator CsrA affects multidrug resistance and biocontrol activity in Lysobacter enzymogenes
Authors: Yu Menghao , Zhao Youfu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
The posttranscriptional regulator CsrA regulates many cellular processes, including stress responses in diverse bacteria. However, the role of CsrA in multidrug resistance (MDR) and biocontrol activity in Lysobacter enzymogenes strain C3 (LeC3) remains unknown.

Methods and results
In this study, we demonstrated that deletion of the csrA gene resulted in the initial slow growth of LeC3 and reduced its resistance to multiple antibiotics, including nalidixic acid (NAL), rifampicin (RIF), kanamycin (Km), and nitrofurantoin (NIT). Loss of the csrA gene also reduced its ability in inhibiting hypha growth of Sclerotium sclerotiorum and influenced its extracellular cellulase and protease activities. Two putative small noncoding regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), referred to as csrB and csrC, were also revealed in the genome of LeC3. Double deletion of csrB and csrC in LeC3 led to increased resistance to NAL, RIF, Km, and NIT. However, no difference was observed between LeC3 and the csrB/csrC double mutant in their suppression of S. sclerotiorum hypha growth and production of extracellular enzymes.

Conclusion
These results suggest that CsrA in LeC3 not only conferred its intrinsic MDR, but also contributed to its biocontrol activity.
Quantification of Lactose in Lactose-Free and Low-Lactose Milk and Milk Products by BIOMILK 300/3000 Lac, Collaborative Study: Final Action 2020.09
Authors: Garate Jone , Ortiz de Zarate Itziar , González Roberto , Jaureguibeitia Arrate , Salleres Sandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
In April 2020, the BIOMILK 300 LAC method for the quantification of lactose in lactose-free and low-lactose dairy products was adopted as First Action Official Method of AnalysisSM2020.09 by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. To test the reproducibility of the method, as the last step toward the Final Action status, a collaborative study was organized by BIOLAN Microbiosensores.

Objective
Fifteen collaborators within the European Union took part in this study, where nine different samples were sent as duplicate blind test portions for lactose determination. The data obtained were used to determine method repeatability and reproducibility and also to validate the new version of the biosensor.

Method
The test method is based on the direct enzymatic recognition–electrochemical detection of trace levels of lactose over a wide range of dairy samples by means of the BIOMILK 300 biosensor, in less than 5 min, and without intricate sample pretreatments.

Results
All samples resulted in a repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) of &lt;8.1% and a reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) of 14% maximum, meeting requirements from Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2018.09.

Conclusions
The method has proved to give reproducible results for the quantification of lactose in lactose-free and low-lactose dairy products.

Highlights
On the basis of these results, the enzymatic amperometric biosensor method developed by BIOLAN Microbiosensores was adopted as a Final Action Official Method in July 2022.
The two problem pillars of multiple proceedings in investment arbitration: why the abuse of process doctrine is a necessary remedy and requires focus in UNCITRAL’s ISDS reform
Authors: Richter Julia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With multiple proceedings in investment arbitration, various problems emerge. This article demonstrates they ultimately rest upon two pillars: a threat to the investor–state dispute settlement (‘ISDS’) system (i) and inequality of arms (ii). Since conventional instruments are insufficient to address these, the abuse of process doctrine is not only useful but also necessary to fill the gaps. However, the doctrine is prone to weaknesses. Therefore, guidance on the doctrine is desirable for it to reach its full potential as a successful mechanism to combat exploitative multiple proceedings. UNCITRAL’s current ISDS reform could serve this purpose. This articles’ analysis shows the reform efforts do recognize multiple proceedings as a problem. However, the path Working Group III is taking to address such is not clear but fades. That would be a lost opportunity. UNCITRAL’s ISDS reform should include guidance on unresolved issues of the abuse of process doctrine to help tackling exploitative multiple proceedings in investment arbitration.
‘Pursuing rational public defence’: Paul Hirst on teacher education
Authors: Orchard Janet 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The question of the role of theory in initial teacher education was one that interested Paul Hirst throughout his long and distinguished academic career. When the story of teacher education in England is told by philosophers of education and, crucially, by teacher educators, we are reminded of Hirst’s contribution in two significant respects, as someone who not only taught teachers but also commented on the aim, purpose, and structure of teacher education. First, in the wake of the Robbins Report, Hirst supported Peters in helping to establish education at London’s Institute of Education (IOE) as an academic subject which promoted theory, particularly philosophy, suited to the needs of pre-service teachers. Secondly, several decades later, Hirst provided invaluable comment on the influential Oxford internship programme. This provision reimagined the one-year professional programmes for postgraduates entering teaching as a partnership between schools and universities. Hirst’s commentary, while generous and supportive, argued that teachers needed greater attention paid to the pursuit of ‘rational public defence’ during their pre-service formation than was evident in the ‘practical theorizing’ approach that underpins internship. Having examined Hirst’s contribution to and commentary on teacher education as a philosopher of education, I will argue that his example continues to offer insight today. In these neoliberal times, there are ad hoc opportunities for philosophy of education to continue to be included meaningfully in teachers’ professional formation, although the extent and reach it can exercise are limited where the dominant discourse describes teachers as being ‘trained’ rather than educated. I offer examples of theory developing in practice, building on established ideas of what is appropriate.
The aims of upbringing, reasonable affect, and parental rights: a response to Paul Hirst’s autobiographical reflections
Authors: Tillson John 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In a candid autobiographical chapter which numbers among his last writings, Paul Hirst subjects his upbringing within a fundamentalist Christian sect to searching moral appraisal. He judges that his parents wronged him by religiously indoctrinating him, stifling his emotional development, and arbitrarily restricting his range of valuable morally permissible experiences. This upbringing undermined his autonomy and—more fundamentally, on his account—impaired his prospects of living the life he had most reason to live. Surprisingly, however, Hirst suggests that his parents had a right to initiate him into this conservative religious life, though the wider community owed him a more non-directive form of religious education to temper it. This is a striking concession to the scope of parental rights, especially in view of Hirst’s complaint that the emotional repression required by his parents was to ‘distort [his] experience and understanding of [himself] and others in ways that persisted well into [his] adult life’. Engaging with Hirst’s evaluation of his upbringing, I argue for a narrower range of parental rights than Hirst—one that excludes a parental moral right to religious initiation—and provide an account of the kind of emotional experiences to which children plausibly have a right.
Modelling gas around galaxy pairs and groups using the Q0107 quasar triplet
Authors: Beckett Alexander , Morris Simon L , Fumagalli Michele , Tejos Nicolas , Jannuzi Buell , Cantalupo Sebastiano 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe examine to what extent disc and outflow models can reproduce observations of H i gas within a few virial radii of galaxies in pairs and groups. Using highly sensitive HST/COS and FOS spectra of the Q0107 quasar triplet covering Ly α for z≲1, as well as a deep galaxy redshift survey including VIMOS, DEIMOS, GMOS, and MUSE data, we test simple disc and outflow models against the H i absorption along three lines-of-sight (separated by 200–500 kpc) through nine galaxy groups in this field. These can be compared with our previous results in which these models can often be fit to the absorption around isolated galaxies. Our models can reproduce ≈ 75 per cent of the 28 identified absorption components within 500 km s−1 of a group galaxy, so most of the H i around groups is consistent with a superposition of the CGM of the individual galaxies. Gas stripped in interactions between galaxies may be a plausible explanation for some of the remaining absorption, but neither the galaxy images nor the galaxy and absorber kinematics provide clear evidence of such stripped material, and these unexplained absorbers do not preferentially occur around close pairs of galaxies. We find H i column densities typically higher than at similar impact parameters around isolated galaxies (≈ 2.5σ), as well as more frequent detections of O vi than around isolated galaxies (30 per cent of sightlines to 7 per cent).
Measuring neutron star distances and properties with gravitational-wave parallax
Authors: Sieniawska Magdalena , Jones David Ian , Miller Andrew L 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Gravitational-wave astronomy allows us to study objects and events invisible to electromagnetic waves. So far, only signals triggered by coalescing binaries have been detected. However, as the interferometers’ sensitivities improve over time, we expect to observe weaker signals in the future, e.g. emission of continuous gravitational waves from spinning, isolated neutron stars. Parallax is a well-known method, widely used in electromagnetic astronomical observations, to estimate the distance to a source. In this work, we consider the application of the parallax method to gravitational-wave searches and explore possible distance estimation errors. We show that detection of parallax in the signal from a spinning down source can constrain the neutron star moment of inertia. For instance, we found that the relative error of the moment of inertia estimation is smaller than 10 per cent for all sources closer than 300 pc, for the assumed birth frequency of 700 Hz, ellipticity ≥10−7, and for 2 yr of observations by the Einstein Telescope, assuming spin-down due purely to quadrupolar gravitational radiation.
Predictions of gas-phase methanimine (CH2NH) abundance in cold cores
Authors: Luthra H , Wakelam V , Sharma M K , Chandra S 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Since the 1930s, more than 250 molecules have been discovered in the interstellar medium. With the development of more sensitive telescopes, we keep detecting new more complex species. Amongst them, methanimine (CH2NH) is considered as a pre-biotic molecule as it can be involved in the synthesis of glycine through aminoacetonitrile. CH2NH has been observed in a variety of interstellar sources (hot cores, circumstellar envelops, external galaxies, and even cold cores). We studied the chemistry of this species at low temperature as previous models failed at reproducing the observed abundance in cold cores. First, using the public version of the gas-grain model nautilus (called pnautilus), we tested the effect of new proposed reactions for the production and destruction for CH2NH from the literature. These reactions, in particular association reactions with atomic hydrogen, increases the gas-phase production of CH2NH to a level in disagreement with the published observed values, putting some doubts on these reactions. Using the KIDA gas-phase network, we studied the sensitivity of the CH2NH gas-phase abundance to temperature, density, visual extinction, and cosmic-ray ionization rate. We show that under typical cold core conditions (10 K, 2 × 104 cm−3), CH2NH is formed on the surface of the grains but also from dissociative recombination of protonated ions in the gas. With this model, we are able to reproduce the level of detections in the cold cores Ori-3N and L183.
A three-dimensional chemical simulation with irregular density distributions of L1544
Authors: Ge Jixing , Mardones Diego , Inostroza-Pino Natalia , Peng Yaping 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe dust continuum and molecular distributions observed on the sky plane always show irregular shapes of molecular clouds. However, it is hard to directly reproduce the observed distributions using symmetrical models. In this work, for the first time, we present a three-dimensional (3D) gas-grain chemical simulation using an irregular 3D density structure derived by the Abel inversion taking the starless core L1544 as an example. We found that most (∼70 per cent) of the observed features (molecular distributions, peak positions, and column density values of 16 species) can be reproduced directly. The previously reached conclusion of non-uniform illumination at C3H2 peak is confirmed as the contribution from the gas component with density of a few 104 cm−3 at distance of ∼3000–8000 au from the core centre along the line of sight.
In situ analysis of surface composition and meteorology at the Zhurong landing site on Mars
Authors: Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Yu Jin , Wei Guangfei , Pan Lu , Liu Xiangfeng , Lin Yangting , Liu Yang , Sun Chen , Wang Xiyu , Wang Juntao , Xu Weijie , Rao Yunfei , Xu Weiming , Sun Tianyang , Chen Fengye , Zhang Beiyi , Lin Honglei , Zhang Zhenqiang , Hu Sen , Li Xiang-Yu , Yu Xiao-Wen , Qu Shuai-Yi , Zhou Di-Sheng , Wu Xing , Zeng Xiaojia , Li Xiongyao , Tang Hong , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission landed in southern Utopia Planitia, providing a unique window into the evolutionary history of the Martian lowlands. During its first 110 sols, Zhurong investigated and categorized surface targets into igneous rocks, lithified duricrusts, cemented duricrusts, soils and sands. The lithified duricrusts, analysed by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy onboard Zhurong, show elevated water contents and distinct compositions from those of igneous rocks. The cemented duricrusts are likely formed via water vapor–frost cycling at the atmosphere–soil interface, as supported by the local meteorological conditions. Soils and sands contain elevated magnesium and water, attributed to both hydrated magnesium salts and adsorbed water. The compositional and meteorological evidence indicates potential Amazonian brine activities and present-day water vapor cycling at the soil–atmosphere interface. Searching for further clues to water-related activities and determining the water source by Zhurong are critical to constrain the volatile evolution history at the landing site.
Sustained Virologic Suppression With Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in a Test-and-Treat Setting Through 48 Weeks
Authors: Rolle Charlotte-Paige , Berhe Mezgebe , Singh Tulika , Ortiz Roberto , Wurapa Anson , Ramgopal Moti , Jayaweera Dushyantha T , Leone Peter A , Matthews Jessica E , Cupo Michael , Underwood Mark R , Angelis Konstantinos , Wynne Brian R , Merrill Deanna , Nguyen Christopher , van Wyk Jean , Zolopa Andrew R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) in a US test-and-treat setting at a secondary 48-week time point of the multicenter, single-arm, phase IIIb STAT study.MethodsParticipants were eligible adults newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and had started once-daily DTG/3TC within 14 days of diagnosis, before laboratory results were available. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was modified if baseline testing indicated DTG or 3TC resistance, hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection, or creatinine clearance &lt;30 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and these participants remained in the study. A proportion with HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) &lt;50 copies/mL at Week 48 was calculated among all participants (intention-to-treat-exposed [ITT-E] missing = failure analysis) and those with available data (observed analysis).ResultsAt Week 48, 82% of all participants regardless of ART (107 of 131; ITT-E missing = failure) and 97% with available data (107 of 110; observed analysis) achieved HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL. High proportions of virologic response were seen overall, including in participants with high viral load (≥500 000 copies/mL; 89%) or low CD4+ cell count (&lt;200 cells/mm3; 78%) at baseline. Ten participants had treatment modification (baseline HBV coinfection, n = 5; participant/proxy decision, n = 2; baseline M184V resistance mutation, adverse event [AE; rash], and pregnancy, n = 1 each) before Week 48. Two participants met confirmed virologic failure criteria. No treatment-emergent resistance was observed. Ten participants reported drug-related AEs (all grade 1–2); no serious drug-related AEs occurred.ConclusionsResults demonstrated high proportions of participants with sustained virologic suppression, no treatment-emergent resistance, and good safety over 48 weeks, supporting first-line use of DTG/3TC in a test-and-treat setting.
Coronary Artery Plaque Composition and Severity Relate to the Inflammasome in People With Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Schnittman Samuel R , Kitch Douglas W , Swartz Talia H , Burdo Tricia H , Fitch Kathleen V , McCallum Sara , Flynn Jacqueline M , Fulda Evelynne S , Diggs Marissa R , Stapleton Jack T , Casado José L , Taron Jana , Currier Judith S , Zanni Markella V , Malvestutto Carlos , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Aberg Judith A , Ribaudo Heather J , Lu Michael T , Douglas Pamela S , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammasome activation is increased in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), but its relationship with coronary plaque is poorly understood in this setting.MethodsIn a large human immunodeficiency virus cardiovascular prevention cohort, relationships between caspase-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 and coronary plaque indices were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsHigher IL-18 and IL-1β were associated with Leaman score, an integrative measure of plaque burden and composition.ConclusionsAs Leaman score &gt;5 is associated with cardiovascular events in the general population, future work is needed to determine how the inflammasome relates to events and whether strategies to reduce its activation affect events or plaque progression among PWH.
Intensive blood pressure control in older patients with hypertension—a STEP in the right direction?
Authors: Liang Xiaopeng , Chou Oscar H I , Cheung Bernard M Y 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn November 2022, the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in China were updated; the definition of hypertension and the target of treatment was changed from 140/90 mm Hg to 130/80 mm Hg. This was prompted by the results of the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) study, a large multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in China. STEP echoed the results of the American Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), and confirmed that intense lowering of blood pressure is on the whole beneficial. This confirmation is important for the Chinese population, in which strokes outnumber myocardial infarctions. It is also reassuring to know that treating adults aged 60 years or older to achieve a systolic blood pressure of &lt;130 mm Hg is safe, while reducing cardiovascular events, stroke and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to delineate the risks and benefits in subgroups, such as the elderly with diabetes or a history of stroke.
Monetary Policy and Birth Rates: The Effect of Mortgage Rate Pass-Through on Fertility
Authors: Cumming Fergus , Dettling Lisa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper examines whether monetary policy pass-through to mortgage interest rates affects household fertility decisions. Our empirical strategy exploits variation in households’ eligibility for a rate adjustment, coupled with the large reductions in the monetary policy rate that occurred during the Great Recession in the U.K. and U.S. We estimate that each one percentage point drop in the policy rate increased birth rates amongst households eligible for a rate adjustment by 3%. Our results provide new evidence on the nature of monetary policy transmission to households and suggest a new mechanism via which mortgage contract structures can affect both aggregate demand and supply.