bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating sleep duration: performance of open-source processing of actigraphy compared to in-laboratory polysomnography in the community
Authors: Sansom Kelly , Reynolds Amy , McVeigh Joanne , Mazzotti Diego R , Dhaliwal Satvinder S , Maddison Kathleen , Walsh Jennifer , Singh Bhajan , Eastwood Peter , McArdle Nigel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Comparisons of actigraphy findings between studies are challenging given differences between brand-specific algorithms. This issue may be minimized by using open-source algorithms. However, the accuracy of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters processed in open-source software needs to be assessed against polysomnography (PSG).
Middle-aged adults from the Raine Study (n = 835; F 58%; Age 56.7 ± 5.6 years) completed one night of in-laboratory PSG and concurrent actigraphy (GT3X+ ActiGraph). Actigraphic measures of total sleep time (TST) were analyzed and processed using the open-source R-package GENEActiv and GENEA data in R (GGIR) with and without a sleep diary and additionally processed using proprietary software, ActiLife, for comparison. Bias and agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) between actigraphy and PSG were examined. Common PSG and sleep health variables associated with the discrepancy between actigraphy, and PSG TST were examined using linear regression.
Actigraphy, assessed in GGIR, with and without a sleep diary overestimated PSG TST by (mean ± SD) 31.0 ± 50.0 and 26.4 ± 69.0 minutes, respectively. This overestimation was greater (46.8 ± 50.4 minutes) when actigraphy was analyzed in ActiLife. Agreement between actigraphy and PSG TST was poor (ICC = 0.27–0.44) across all three methods of actigraphy analysis. Longer sleep onset latency and longer wakefulness after sleep onset were associated with overestimation of PSG TST.
Open-source processing of actigraphy in a middle-aged community population, agreed poorly with PSG and, on average, overestimated TST. TST overestimation increased with increasing wakefulness overnight. Processing of actigraphy without a diary in GGIR was comparable to when a sleep diary was used and comparable to actigraphy processed with proprietary algorithms in ActiLife.
Effects of gruel feeding and oral dextrose on the survivability of pigs after weaning
Authors: Wensley Madie R , Boschert Andrew W , Kim Ty H , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Gebhardt Jordan T , Stephenson Ethan W 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted in a 14,400 head nursery using 3,087 (experiment 1) and 988 (experiment 2) pigs to determine the effect of gruel feeding (experiment 1) and supplemental oral dextrose (experiment 2) on nursery pig survivability after weaning. Upon arrival to the nursery, for experiment 1, the smallest 10% of pigs were selected and randomly placed in pens with 61 to 108 pigs per pen. Pens of small pigs were assigned to one of two treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of gruel feeding two or four times per day for 14 d postplacement. At each gruel feeding, approximately 1.13 kg of solid feed was added to a round bowl (Rotecna S.A., Agramunt, Spain) located at the front of each pen and water added at a decreasing rate over time. In experiment 2, every other pig removed for welfare considerations (lameness, sick, or unthrifty) from the general population or pens of small pigs received a single 10 mL oral dose of a 50% dextrose solution (Vet One, MWI Animal Health, Boise, ID), as a source of glucose, before being placed in a removal pen. All removed pigs were tagged and weighed, body temperature recorded, and blood glucose concentration measured prior to and 30 min after entering removal pens. Overall, gruel feeding small pigs two or four times per day for 14 d postplacement did not influence (P &gt; 0.10) mortality from weaning to the end of gruel feeding (3.78% vs. 4.25%, respectively). Likewise, dextrose administration did not influence (P &gt; 0.10) pig mortality after removal to approximately 38 d postweaning (21.4% vs. 23.4% respectively), even though blood glucose concentration increased (P &lt; 0.001) 30 min after removal for pigs administered dextrose. An interaction was observed for blood glucose concentration and body temperature (P &lt; 0.001) where pigs with blood glucose concentrations less than 70 mg/dL had increased mortality as body temperature increased. In contrast, pigs with a blood glucose concentration of 70 mg/dL or greater had decreased mortality as body temperature increased. Pigs weighing less than 4.5 kg also had increased mortality (P &lt; 0.001) compared with pigs weighing greater than or equal to 4.5 kg at removal. In summary, gruel feeding four times per day vs. two times per day or providing a dextrose supplement to pigs removed from the general population did not improve the survivability of pigs after weaning. Additionally, pigs removed with decreased body weight or with body temperature or blood glucose concentrations below or above the normal range had decreased survivability.
Cryptosporidium infection and associated risk factors among children from rural areas in Peru: a nested case–control study
Authors: Paredes Jose Luis , Navarro Rafaella , Durand David , Ochoa Theresa Jean 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to detect the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection and associated risk factors among children from rural areas in Peru. A case–control study was conducted, nested in a cohort in two rural communities that included children between 6 and 13 months who were followed for 6 months. Cases were children whose fecal samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium infection using an immunochromatography test. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to analyze risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection. Among 72 children, 13 (18%) were cases. Cryptosporidium infection was associated with below secondary education of the mother (OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.50–36.72) and with having more siblings living at home (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.04–2.82). An important frequency of Cryptosporidium infection among children from rural areas in Peru was reported, more research is needed to understand its true burden and risk factors among children in Peru.
Design and Evaluation of an Interprofessional Preceptor Development Mini-Fellowship Program
Authors: Pinheiro Sandro O. , Rushton Sharron , Konrad Thomas R. , McLean Heather S. , Bartlett Kathleen W. , Blazar Melinda , Hibbard Susan T. , Barnett Jacqueline S. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Health professions preceptors require skills and knowledge to effectively meet the educational needs of interprofessional students in clinical environments. We implemented a mini-fellowship program to enhance the knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy of preceptors teaching students and applying quality improvement (QI) methods across disciplines and patient care settings.

Methods:
The design, implementation, and evaluation of the program were informed by the faculty development literature, principles of adult learning, and preceptor needs. The 3-day program included workshops on curriculum design, clinical teaching methods, QI, social determinants of health, cultural humility, and interprofessional teamwork. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods were used including preprogram and postprogram knowledge and self-efficacy surveys, along with end-of-session and program evaluations.

Results:
Five annual cohorts involving 41 preceptors with varied demographics, professions, and clinical practices completed the mini-fellowship program. Participants' percentage of items answered correctly on a QI knowledge test increased from 79.2% (pretest) to 85.5% (post-test), a gain of 6.3% (90% CI: 2.9-9.7%; P < .003). The average QI self-efficacy scores improved from 2.64 to 3.82, a gain of 1.18 points on a five-point scale (P < .001). The average education/teaching self-efficacy increased from 2.79 to 3.80 on a five-point scale (P < .001). Ultimately, 94% would recommend the program to other preceptors.

Discussion:
An interprofessional preceptor development program designed to train clinicians to effectively teach in the clinical setting and to conduct QI projects with students was achievable and effective. This program can serve as a model for academic centers charged with training future health care workers and supporting their community-based preceptors' training needs.
MiR-3653 blocks autophagy to inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by targeting the autophagy-regulatory genes ATG12 and AMBRA1
Authors: Song Huachen , Zhao Zitong , Ma Liying , Zhang Bailin , Song Yongmei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Metastasis is the main cause of tumor-associated death and mainly responsible for treatment failure of breast cancer. Autophagy accelerates tumor metastasis. In our work, we aimed to investigate the possibility of microRNAs (miRNAs) which participate in the regulation of autophagy to inhibit tumor metastasis.

Methods:
MiRNA array and comprehensive analysis were performed to identify miRNAs which participated in the regulation of autophagy to inhibit tumor metastasis. The expression levels of miR-3653 in breast cancer tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vivo and in vitro assays were conducted to determine the function of miR-3653. The target genes of miR-3653 were detected by a dual luciferase reporter activity assay and Western blot. The relationship between miR-3653 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by Western blot. Student's t-test was used to analyze the difference between any two groups, and the difference among multiple groups was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results:
miR-3653 was downregulated in breast cancer cells with high metastatic ability, and high expression of miR-3653 blocked autophagic flux in breast cancer cells. Clinically, low expression of miR-3653 in breast cancer tissues (0.054 ± 0.013 vs. 0.131 ± 0.028, t = 2.475, P = 0.014) was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (0.015 ± 0.004 vs. 0.078 ± 0.020, t = 2.319, P = 0.023) and poor prognosis (P < 0.001). miR-3653 ameliorated the malignant phenotypes of breast cancer cells, including proliferation, migration (MDA-MB-231: 0.353 ± 0.013 vs. 1.000 ± 0.038, t = 16.290, P < 0.001; MDA-MB-468: 0.200 ± 0.014 vs. 1.000 ± 0.043, t = 17.530, P < 0.001), invasion (MDA-MB-231: 0.723 ± 0.056 vs. 1.000 ± 0.035, t = 4.223, P = 0.013; MDA-MB-468: 0.222 ± 0.016 vs. 1.000 ± 0.019, t = 31.050, P < 0.001), and colony formation (MDA-MB-231: 0.472 ± 0.022 vs. 1.000 ± 0.022, t = 16.620, P < 0.001; MDA-MB-468: 0.650 ± 0.040 vs. 1.000 ± 0.098, t = 3.297, P = 0.030). The autophagy-associated genes autophagy-related gene 12 (ATG12) and activating molecule in beclin 1-regulated autophagy protein 1 (AMBRA1) are target genes of miR-3653. Further studies showed that miR-3653 inhibited EMT by targeting ATG12 and AMBRA1.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggested that miR-3653 inhibits the autophagy process by targeting ATG12 and AMBRA1, thereby inhibiting EMT, and provided a new idea and target for the metastasis of breast cancer.
Cardiovascular and health cost impacts of cuff blood pressure underestimation and overestimation of invasive aortic systolic blood pressure
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo , Palmer Andrew J. , Picone Dean S. , Cox Ingrid A. , Schultz Martin G. , Black J. Andrew , Bos Willem J.W. , Cheng Hao-min , Chen Chen-Huan , Cremer Antoine , Dwyer Nathan , Hughes Alun D. , Lacy Peter , Omboni Stefano , Ott Christian , Pereira Telmo , Pucci Giacomo , Schmieder Roland , Wang Ji-Guang , Weber Thomas , Westerhof Berend E. , Williams Bryan , Sharman James E. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Hypertension management is directed by cuff blood pressure (BP), but this may be inaccurate, potentially influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and health costs. This study aimed to determine the impact on CVD events and related costs of the differences between cuff and invasive SBP.

Methods:
Microsimulations based on Markov modelling over one year were used to determine the differences in the number of CVD events (myocardial infarction or coronary death, stroke, atrial fibrillation or heart failure) predicted by Framingham risk and total CVD health costs based on cuff SBP compared with invasive (aortic) SBP. Modelling was based on international consortium data from 1678 participants undergoing cardiac catheterization and 30 separate studies. Cuff underestimation and overestimation were defined as cuff SBP less than invasive SBP and cuff SBP greater than invasive SBP, respectively.

Results:
The proportion of people with cuff SBP underestimation versus overestimation progressively increased as SBP increased. This reached a maximum ratio of 16 : 1 in people with hypertension grades II and III. Both the number of CVD events missed (predominantly stroke, coronary death and myocardial infarction) and associated health costs increased stepwise across levels of SBP control, as cuff SBP underestimation increased. The maximum number of CVD events potentially missed (11.8/1000 patients) and highest costs ($241 300 USD/1000 patients) were seen in people with hypertension grades II and III and with at least 15 mmHg of cuff SBP underestimation.

Conclusion:
Cuff SBP underestimation can result in potentially preventable CVD events being missed and major increases in health costs. These issues could be remedied with improved cuff SBP accuracy.
Cochlear Implantation in Radiation-Induced Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alahmadi Asma , Abdelsamad Yassin , Al-zuraiqi Bassam , Alghamdi Saeed , Hagr Abdulrahman , Saleh Essam 
Published: July 2023

Objective
Cochlear implantation (CI) has been reported as a treatment modality for radiation-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, its efficacy is based on individual reports with no cumulative supporting evidence. Therefore, we conducted the current systematic review to provide cumulative evidence regarding the feasibility and safety of CI in this context.

Databases Reviewed
An online bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using MeSH-based terms.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted to retrieve both observational and interventional studies that reported the outcomes of CI for patients suffering from radiation-induced SNHL.

Results
We included 12 studies that recruited 88 patients who underwent CI because of radiation-induced SNHL. All included studies reported satisfactory hearing/speech perception outcomes. No serious complications were reported, whereas some manageable adverse events were reported, such as paroxysmal facial spams (n = 1), postauricular wound dehiscence with mastoid cutaneous fistula (n = 1), dehiscence in blind sac closure (n = 1), and electrode exposure (n = 1). Four studies assessed the postoperative quality of life/patient satisfaction, showing improved outcomes.

Conclusion
CI could be considered to be feasible and safe in patients with irradiation-induced SNHL. The adverse events of CI in such cases are manageable. Future studies are needed to be strengthened this context.
Understanding the fine-scale heterogeneity and spatial drivers of malaria transmission using model-based geostatistical methods in Kenya
Authors: Mategula Donnie , Gichuki Judy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalaria remains a public health concern. Monitoring the fine-scale heterogeneity of the malaria burden enables more targeted control efforts. Although malaria indicator surveys (MIS) have been crucial in evaluating the progress of malaria control interventions, they are only designed to provide a cross-sectional national and regional malaria disease burden. Recent advances in geostatistical methods allow us to interpolate national survey data to describe subnational disease burden that is crucial in informing targeted control.A binomial geostatistical model employing Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation methods is used to understand the spatial drivers of malaria risk in Kenya and to predict malaria risk at a fine-scale resolution, including identifying hotspots.A total of 11,549 children aged six months to 14 years from 207 clusters were sampled in this survey and used in the present analysis. The national malaria prevalence based on the data was 8.4%, with the highest in the lake endemic zone (18.1 %) and the lowest in the low-risk zone (<1 %). The analysis shows that elevation, proportion of ITN distributed, rainfall, temperature and urbanization covariates are all significant predictors of malaria transmission. The 5x5 Km resolution maps show that malaria is heterogeneous in Kenya, with hotspot areas in the lake endemic area, the coastal areas, and some parts of the shores of Lake Turkana and Kajiado.The high-resolution malaria prevalence maps produced as part of the analysis have shown that Kenya has additional malaria hotspots, especially in areas least expected. These findings call for a rethinking of malaria burden classification in some regions for effective planning, implementation, resource mobilization, monitoring, and evaluation of malaria interventions in the country.
Alcohol-Induced Mucociliary Dysfunction: Role of Defective CFTR Channel Function
Authors: Rasmussen Lawrence , Stafford Denise , LaFontaine Jennifer , Allen Antonio , Antony Linto , Kim Hyunki , Raju S. Vamsee 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTExcessive alcohol use is thought to increase the risk of respiratory infections by impairing mucociliary clearance (MCC). In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that alcohol reduces the function of CFTR, the protein that is defective in individuals with cystic fibrosis, thus altering mucus properties to impair MCC and the airway’s defense against inhaled pathogens.MethodsSprague Dawley rats with wild type CFTR (+/+), matched for age and sex, were administered either a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol diet or a control diet with the same number of calories for eight weeks. CFTR activity was measured using nasal potential difference (NPD) assay and Ussing chamber electrophysiology of tracheal tissue samples. In vivo MCC was determined by measuring the radiographic clearance of inhaled Tc99 particles and the depth of the airway periciliary liquid (PCL) and mucus transport rate in excised trachea using micro-optical coherence tomography (µOCT). The levels of rat lung MUC5b and CFTR were estimated by protein and mRNA analysis.ResultsAlcohol diet was found to decrease CFTR ion transport in the nasal and tracheal epitheliumin vivoandex vivo. This decrease in activity was also reflected in partially reduced full-length CFTR protein levels but not, in mRNA copies, in the lungs of rats. Furthermore, alcohol-fed rats showed a significant decrease in MCC after 8 weeks of alcohol consumption. The trachea from these rats also showed reduced PCL depth, indicating a decrease in mucosal surface hydration that was reflected in delayed mucus transport. Diminished MCC rate was also likely due to the elevated MUC5b expression in alcohol-fed rat lungs.ConclusionsExcessive alcohol use can decrease the expression and activity of CFTR channels, leading to reduced airway surface hydration and impaired mucus clearance. This suggests that CFTR dysfunction plays a role in the compromised lung defense against respiratory pathogens in individuals who drink alcohol excessively.What is the current scientific knowledge on this subject?Excessive alcohol is associated with delayed mucociliary clearance (MCC) and an increased risk of respiratory infections among heavy drinkers.What does this study add to the field?Chronic alcohol use reduces CFTR activity and airway surface hydration explaining the mechanisms underlying mucociliary dysfunction. Acquired CFTR dysfunction may be a suitable target to improve host immunity in those affected by prolonged alcohol use.
Aging alters the functional connectivity of motor theta networks during sensorimotor reactions
Authors: Yordanova Juliana , Falkenstein Michael , Kolev Vasil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveBoth cognitive and primary motor networks alter with advancing age in humans. The networks activated in response to external environmental stimuli supported by theta oscillations remain less well explored. The present study aimed to characterize the effects of aging on the functional connectivity of response-related theta networks during sensorimotor tasks.MethodsElectroencephalographic signals were recorded in young and middle-to-old age adults during three tasks performed in two modalities, auditory and visual: a simple reaction task, a Go-NoGo task, and a choice-reaction task. Response-related theta oscillations were computed. The phase-locking value (PLV) was used to analyze the spatial synchronization of primary motor and motor control theta networks.ResultsPerformance was overall preserved in older adults. Independently of the task, aging was associated with reorganized connectivity of the contra-lateral primary motor cortex. In young adults, it was synchronized with motor control regions (intra-hemispheric premotor/frontal and medial frontal). In older adults, it was only synchronized with intra-hemispheric sensorimotor regions.ConclusionsMotor theta networks of older adults manifest a functional decoupling between the response-generating motor cortex and motor control regions, which was not modulated by task variables. The overall preserved performance in older adults suggests that the increased connectivity within the sensorimotor network is associated with an excessive reliance on sensorimotor feedback during movement execution compensating for a deficient cognitive regulation of motor regions during sensorimotor reactions.HighlightsThe connectivity of motor theta networks is modulated by sensory and cognitive variables in sensorimotor tasks.Motor theta oscillations of young adults are synchronized between the primary motor cortex and cognitive control regions.In contrast, motor theta networks of older adults are decoupled from motor control regions during sensorimotor reactions.