bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Interior of Europa with the Europa Clipper
Authors: Roberts James H. , McKinnon William B. , Elder Catherine M. , Tobie Gabriel , Biersteker John B. , Young Duncan , Park Ryan S. , Steinbrügge Gregor , Nimmo Francis , Howell Samuel M. , Castillo-Rogez Julie C. , Cable Morgan L. , Abrahams Jacob N. , Bland Michael T. , Chivers Chase , Cochrane Corey J. , Dombard Andrew J. , Ernst Carolyn , Genova Antonio , Gerekos Christopher , Glein Christopher , Harris Camilla D. , Hay Hamish C. F. C. , Hayne Paul O. , Hedman Matthew , Hussmann Hauke , Jia Xianzhe , Khurana Krishan , Kiefer Walter S. , Kirk Randolph , Kivelson Margaret , Lawrence Justin , Leonard Erin J. , Lunine Jonathan I. , Mazarico Erwan , McCord Thomas B. , McEwen Alfred , Paty Carol , Quick Lynnae C. , Raymond Carol A. , Retherford Kurt D. , Roth Lorenz , Rymer Abigail , Saur Joachim , Scanlan Kirk , Schroeder Dustin M. , Senske David A. , Shao Wencheng , Soderlund Krista , Spiers Elizabeth , Styczinski Marshall J. , Tortora Paolo , Vance Steven D. , Villarreal Michaela N. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Westlake Joseph H. , Withers Paul , Wolfenbarger Natalie , Buratti Bonnie , Korth Haje , Pappalardo Robert T. ,   The Interior Thematic Working Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface ocean beneath the ice shell, likely in contact with the rocky core. Within the ice shell and ocean, a number of tectonic and geodynamic processes may operate today or have operated at some point in the past, including solid ice convection, diapirism, subsumption, and interstitial lake formation.The science objectives of the Europa Clipper mission include the characterization of Europa’s interior; confirmation of the presence of a subsurface ocean; identification of constraints on the depth to this ocean, and on its salinity and thickness; and determination of processes of material exchange between the surface, ice shell, and ocean.Three broad categories of investigation are planned to interrogate different aspects of the subsurface structure and properties of the ice shell and ocean: magnetic induction, subsurface radar sounding, and tidal deformation. These investigations are supplemented by several auxiliary measurements. Alone, each of these investigations will reveal unique information. Together, the synergy between these investigations will expose the secrets of the Europan interior in unprecedented detail, an essential step in evaluating the habitability of this ocean world.
Will I be happy in this major? Predicting intrinsic motivation and subjective well-being with prospective students’ well-being forecast and interest-major fit forecast
Authors: Merkle Belinda , Messerer Laura Aglaia Sophia , Dickhäuser Oliver 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChoosing a field of study (study major) is challenging for prospective students. However, little research has examined factors measured prior to enrollment to predict motivation and well-being in a specific study major. Based on literature on affective forecasting and person-environment fit, prospective students’ well-being forecast could be such a factor. However, affective forecasts are often biased by individuals’ inaccurate theories about what makes them happy and their misconstrual of future situations. Thus, we hypothesize that subjective and objective interest-major fit forecasts improve predictions as these factors are based on a well-founded theory (person-environment fit theory) and objective interest-major fit forecasts are additionally based on a more accurate construal of the future situation (expert estimates of a study major). We tested these hypotheses in a longitudinal field study. Over 2 years, more than 4000 prospective students were asked for their well-being forecast and subjective interest-major fit forecast before using an online-self-assessment to assess their objective interest-major fit forecast. Of these prospective students, 234 subsequently entered the psychology major and took part in a survey about their motivation and well-being in their study major. As hypothesized, higher well-being forecasts predicted higher motivation, more positive affect, and higher satisfaction in the respective major. Beyond that, higher subjective interest-major fit forecasts predicted higher motivation, less negative affect, and higher satisfaction, while objective interest-major fit forecasts incrementally predicted higher motivation, more positive affect, and higher satisfaction. We discuss theoretical implications for affective forecasting and person-environment fit theory and practical implications for study orientation and guidance.
Reimagining Relationships: Multispecies Justice as a Frame for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Celermajer Danielle , McKibbin Philip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 catalyzed a renewed focus on the interconnected nature of human health. Together with the climate crisis, it highlighted not only intra-human connections but the entanglement of human health with the health of non-human animals, plants, and ecological systems more broadly. In this article, we challenge the persistent notion that humans are ontologically distinct from the rest of nature and the ethics that flow from this understanding. Imposing this privileged view of humans has devastating consequences for beings other than humans and for humans and impedes effective responses to crises. We situate the COVID-19 pandemic within the “polycrisis,” and argue that one component of addressing multidimensional crises must involve fully embracing a relational ontology and ethics. We discuss two approaches to relationality, one articulated by ecofeminists and the second inhering in an Indigenous Māori worldview. Two dominant approaches, One Health and Planetary Health, purport to take account of relational ontologies in their approaches to health, but, we argue, persist in casting the more-than-human world in an instrumental role to secure human health. We suggest that Multispecies Justice, which draws on ecofeminist and Indigenous approaches, affords a fully relational approach to health and well-being. We explore the implications of relationality, and suggest fresh ways of understanding humans’ connections with the more-than-human world.
Role of Body Composition in the Prediction of Skeletal Fragility Induced by Hormone Deprivation Therapies in Cancer Patients
Authors: Dalla Volta Alberto , Caramella Irene , Di Mauro Pierluigi , Bergamini Marco , Cosentini Deborah , Valcamonico Francesca , Cappelli Carlo , Laganà Marta , Di Meo Nunzia , Farina Davide , Pedersini Rebecca , Mazziotti Gherardo , Berruti Alfredo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review paper is intended to show that changes in body composition are key in the pathogenesis of bone fragility amongst patients with breast and prostate cancer receiving hormone deprivation therapies (HDTs) and that the mechanism is based on the development of alterations in bone quality rather than in bone quantity.

Recent Findings
Preclinical and clinical data suggest a tight connection amongst bone, adipose and muscular tissues by means of several soluble mediators, potentially leading to (1) bone resorption and bone quality deterioration in sarcopenic obese subjects, (2) bone mineral deposition in healthy trained subjects. Cancer patients treated with HDTs frequently fall into the first condition, named osteosarcopenic obesity.

Summary
Current clinical guidelines for the prevention of treatment-induced osteoporosis focus on bone mineral density (BMD) as a main predictive factor for fracture risk; however, the pathophysiology underlying HDT-induced bone fragility differs from that of primary and postmenopausal osteoporosis, suggesting a prevalent role for bone quality alterations. Focusing on available data from clinical trials, in our review we suggest osteosarcopenic obesity as a common target for the prevention and treatment of HDTs-related metabolic and skeletal complications, beyond a BMD-centred approach.
Influence of twin-screw elements on dispersion of nano-clay in vinyl ester polymer composites using Taguchi’s orthogonal array technique
Authors: Raj R. Gowtham , Tanuja Guddla Gayatri , Kumar C. Labesh , Nittala Noel Anurag Prashanth , Srinath M. K. , Abdullaev Sherzod Shukhratovich , Bandhu Din 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work aims to experimentally investigate the influence of screw elements on the dispersion of Cloisite-15A in vinyl ester based on the design of experiments using MINITAB-V16 software. Experiments were designed considering two main factors such as Cloisite-15A loading (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) and type of screw elements with a varying number of kneading elements (type 1 with 55 mm, kneading elements and type 2 with 90 mm, kneading elements). The dispersion procedure of Cloisite-15A in vinyl ester was carried out by a combination of both ultrasonication and then twin-screw extrusion. The influence of these factors on the tensile strength and hardness was studied using an experimental layout possessing Taguchi’s L8 Orthogonal Array technique. ANOVA of the experimental results revealed the dispersion of Cloisite-15A with vinyl ester proved to be better when processed with type 2 screw elements having more kneading screws. The S/N ratio study showed that the Cloisite-15A loading had the greatest impact on the type 2 screw's tensile and hardness values for the Cloisite-15A/vinyl ester gel coats when treated at 230 rpm with 10 passes. The probability graphs led to the conclusion that, with a 95% confidence interval, all response values were distributed equally along the normal probability plot's trend. In order to achieve the best response in terms of mechanical strength, the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) helped identify the best combination of process variables. This combination was known to be 4 wt% Cloisite-15A loading, with type 2 screw processed at 230 rpm with 10 passes. The SEM and XRD showed the absence of agglomeration and better exfoliation of Cloisite-15A in the gel coats with 4 wt% of clay loading.
Lateralized hypostasis of the head on post mortem CT (PMCT) scanning of decomposed bodies—a marker for terminal position
Authors: Byard Roger W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPost-mortem CT (PMCT) scanning was performed on the bodies of two decomposed adult males who had died of natural causes. The bodies both showed changes of marked decomposition with a prominent swelling of tissues on one side of the head compared to the other. A review of police statements confirmed that this matched the positions of the bodies when they were found. Thus, post-mortem hypostasis of putrefactive fluids correlated in both cases with the positions that the bodies had been in when first located. This may be a simple way of identifying or confirming the positions of decomposed bodies after death. It may also assist in indicating whether a body has been moved after putrefactive fluid hypostasis has developed.
The Discursive Construction of ‘Sex Addiction’: A Comparative Analysis of the Media Perspectives on ‘Sex Addiction’ in the U.S. Pre and Post the Case of Tiger Woods
Authors: Dobson-Smith DDS 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a 2010 online Reuter’s news article, Andrew Stern claimed that Tiger Woods placed the condition known as ‘sex addiction’ in the spotlight. Accordingly, this article discusses the extent to which ‘sex addiction’ is discursively produced within, and by, the media and explores the extent to which Stern’s claim can be substantiated. This paper presents an analysis of articles retrieved from nytimes.com that were published between February 18th, 2009, and February 20th, 2011. It goes on to summarize four key findings: (1) ‘sex addiction’ was more directly and openly discussed as a concept in the year following Stern’s article than it was in the year prior; (2) ‘sex addiction’ was discursively constructed as a male problem and regarded as an underlying reason for them to commit extramarital affairs; (3) in the year before Stern’s article ‘sex addiction’ was discursively positioned as a social problem; and (4) in the year following Stern’s article, ‘sex addiction’ was also discursively positioned as a medical problem. The paper concludes that the concept of ‘sex addiction’ is discursively constructed, and that Tiger Woods did, indeed, place a spotlight on the topic. As a result, the author argues that the media has a significant impact on the production, interpretation, and understanding of what many consider to be a sexual problem.
Production of Antioxidant Additives and High-quality Activated Biochar from Pyrolysis of Argan Shells
Authors: Afailal Zainab , Gil-Lalaguna Noemí , Macías Robert J. , Gonzalo Alberto , Sánchez José Luis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn integral valorization route based on a pyrolysis process has been proposed to find sustainable applications for argan shells focused on the simultaneous production of activated biochar and antioxidant additives from bio-oil. The bio-oil obtained in the pyrolysis process was furtherly upgraded (hydrothermal treatment and extraction process) to obtain antioxidant additives. On the other hand, the biochar obtained in the pyrolysis was used as a feedstock to produce high-quality activated biochar (by physical activation with CO2). The increase in the pyrolysis temperature (350–550 °C) hardly affected the pyrolysis products distribution (biochar yields of 28–34 wt.% and bio-oil yields between 51 and 55 wt.%), but it led to a slight decrease in the content of phenolic monomers extracted from bio-oil (from 63 wt.% at 350 °C to 53 wt.% at 550 °C). When these extracted fractions were blended with biodiesel (<1 wt.%), improvements of up to 300% in biodiesel oxidation stability were attained. The hydrothermal treatment of the bio-oil did not show noteworthy effects either on the production or antioxidant performance of the extracted fractions if compared with the fractions extracted from the raw bio-oil. Regarding the valorization of argan shells biochar, the activated biochar prepared from it showed considerable potential as an adsorbent material for CO2 (125 mg of CO2 per g of the activated biochar) or phenols (complete removal of 99.6% in 4 h of contact time). It was characterized by a high BET surface area (up to 1500 m2/g), a high carbon content (up to 95 wt.%), low ash content (around 2 wt.%), and a pH of around 8.
The Elasticity of Marginal Utility of Income for Distributional Weighting and Social Discounting: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Acland Daniel , Greenberg David H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstimates of the elasticity of the marginal utility of income are necessary for determining distributional weights to correct for diminishing marginal utility of income, which is particularly important in light of increasing concern about accounting for distributional impacts in regulatory review. The elasticity is also necessary for computing the social discount rate using the Ramsey formula. Despite many attempts to estimate the elasticity of the marginal utility of income, considerable uncertainty exists about the magnitude of this key parameter. In this paper, we use meta-analysis of estimates of the elasticity from the US and UK to shed light on the appropriate elasticity values to use for both distributional weighting and discounting. Relying on our findings, we tentatively conclude that it is reasonable to base the social discount rate and distributional weights on an elasticity of 1.6, with lower- and upper-bound sensitivity testing at 1.2 and 2.0. This estimate results in distributional weights which appear plausible, and which we believe can contribute to a consensus on how to conduct distributional weighting. Moreover, the resulting social discount rate is within the range typically recommended when the Ramsey formula is used.
Landholding Inequality, Social Control, and Mass Opposition to Suffrage Extension
Authors: Emmenegger Patrick , Thoma Andreina , Walter André 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDoes landholding inequality undermine democratization? Recent contributions have challenged the argument that landholding elites oppose suffrage extension if geographically fixed assets are unequally distributed. We advance research on this long-standing question by exploiting exogenous variance to reinvestigate the relationship. Using multiple instruments, we find that landholding inequality decreases support for suffrage extension. By focusing on traditional patterns of social control, we explore an empirically neglected mechanism linking landholding inequality and democratization. Taking advantage of four direct democratic votes between 1866 and 1877 in Switzerland, we demonstrate that landholding inequality also influences the political preferences of ordinary citizens who do not control these resources. This paper shows that high levels of landholding inequality provide local elites with the incentive and the means to align the local population's voting behaviour with their political goals. Supplementary analyses using qualitative and quantitative data further substantiate this social control mechanism.
La sensibilité différentielle. Psychologie, éthologie et sociologie dansInstincts et institutionsde Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Chamois Camille 
Published: August 2023

RésuméCet article est consacré à l'analyse d'un recueil d'articles publié par Gilles Deleuze en 1953 sous la direction de Georges Canguilhem. Ce recueil, très peu lu et commenté, éclaire cependant la trajectoire intellectuelle de son auteur en soulignant les hésitations théoriques qui furent les siennes. Nous montrons en effet que Deleuze a alors esquissé un projet « psycho-sociologique » ambitieux qu'il n'a cependant jamais totalement actualisé mais qui n'a cessé de travailler son œuvre. Pour ce faire, nous reconstitutions l'ensemble du sous-texte psychologique et éthologique étudié par Deleuze, en tentant de suivre ses sources exactes de première ou de seconde main ; nous mettons ainsi en évidence de réelles prises de position théoriques souvent inaperçues dans son œuvre (vis-à-vis de Henri Bergson, Jakob von Uexküll et la gestaltpsychologie notamment). Nous faisons alors l'hypothèse que ce sont les difficultés liées à la théorie de la perception qui conduisent Deleuze à se détourner de ce projet esquissé dans les années 1950 afin de se consacrer à des problématiques d'ordre plus spécifiquement ontologique. Nous montrons cependant que ces difficultés persistent tout au long des ouvrages deleuziens où les notions de « signe » et de « sémiotique » viennent à la fois recouvrir et éviter les problèmes spécifiquement perceptifs.
Between a Rock and a Hard Place: How Kazakhstan's Civil Society Navigates Precarity
Authors: Wood Colleen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhat forms of precarity do civil society actors experience in Central Asia? What are the sources of these precarities? In this article, I synthesize literature from political science and development studies to identify five top-down mechanisms of precaritization for civil society: (extra)legal restrictions on operations, financing activities, flows of funding from the Global North, professionalization, and the sociopolitical atmosphere. I draw on twenty-seven interviews with activists and human rights defenders in Kazakhstan to consider how civil society actors navigate structural constraints on their work. In line with the literature on authoritarian regimes, I find that civil society actors who criticize the regime face precarity through coercion and bureaucratic demands. But whereas development studies scholarship has been pessimistic about the effects of professionalization, Kazakhstan's civil society actors see their technical training and pressure to formalize their organizations as beneficial to their reputation and institutional leverage.
Surgical treatment of anomalous right upper lobe pulmonary vein obstruction caused by compression between pulmonary artery and trachea: a case report
Authors: Zhang Benqing , Xia Jianming , Wang Xiaoqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe normal anatomical course of right upper lobe pulmonary vein involves drainage anteriorly to the pulmonary artery, ultimately reaching the left atrium. However, anomalies can occur with the most common variation involving the convergence of the right upper lobe pulmonary vein with the superior vena cava. In a rare pulmonary vascular malformation, the anomalous right upper lobe pulmonary vein takes a path between the right pulmonary artery and right main bronchus [1]. During a clinical consultation, a patient presented in our hospital with this specific anomalous right upper lobe pulmonary vein, along with an atrial septal defect and a patent ductus arteriosus. As a consequence of this aberrant positioning, the right upper lobe pulmonary vein was compressed between the pulmonary artery and trachea, leading to pulmonary vein obstruction. Thus, a successful pulmonary vein replantation was performed to correct the congenital malformation.
A randomised controlled school-based nutritional intervention in five Middle Eastern countries: Ajyal Salima improved students’ dietary and physical activity habits
Authors: Habib-Mourad Carla , Maliha Carla , Kassis Amira , Nguyen Anh Thi , Ammar Diala , Haji Eman , AlTarazi Lina , Totah Suzanne , Hwalla Nahla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of the Ajyal Salima school intervention on nutrition and physical activity outcomes in children aged 9–11 years.Design:The study was a 1-year cluster-randomised controlled trial. Ajyal Salima used a multi-component approach including classroom activities, family programme and food service adaptation. Outcomes included daily intake of breakfast, frequency of healthy and unhealthy food consumption, frequency of physical activity, knowledge score and self-efficacy score. Intervention and control groups were compared for all main outcomes and a post-intervention qualitative evaluation assessed strengths and limitations of the intervention components.Setting:Schools in five countries – Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.Participants:Schools were selected by Ministries of Health and Education within their jurisdictions. Forty-five intervention schools (6052 students) and forty-six control schools (6200 students) were included in the analysis.Results:The intervention group had a significantly higher odds of consuming breakfast daily (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·35, 1·90), consuming healthy foods (OR 95 % CI = 1·60, 1·39, 1·84) and a decreased odds of consuming unhealthy foods and sweetened beverages (OR, 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·60, 0·81). Additionally, school children in the intervention group, as compared with the control group, were 47 % more likely to exercise outside school hours (OR 95 % CI = 1·47, 1·23, 1·76). Lastly, children in the intervention group had a significantly improved nutritional knowledge score and improved self-efficacy by 1·3 score unit and 1·1 score unit, respectively.Conclusions:The Ajyal Salima intervention led to significant improvements in dietary and physical activity habits among school children and increased nutritional knowledge scores.