bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological inhibition of demethylzeylasteral on JAK-STAT signaling ameliorates vitiligo
Authors: Chang Yuqian , Kang Pan , Cui Tingting , Guo Weinan , Zhang Weigang , Du Pengran , Yi Xiuli , Guo Sen , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying , Li Shuli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The activation of CD8+ T cells and their trafficking to the skin through JAK-STAT signaling play a central role in the development of vitiligo. Thus, targeting this key disease pathway with innovative drugs is an effective strategy for treating vitiligo. Natural products isolated from medicinal herbs are a useful source of novel therapeutics. Demethylzeylasteral (T-96), extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Methods
The efficacy of T-96 was tested in our mouse model of vitiligo, and the numbers of CD8+ T cells infiltration and melanocytes remaining in the epidermis were quantified using whole-mount tail staining. Immune regulation of T-96 in CD8+ T cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Pull-down assay, mass spectrum analysis, molecular docking, knockdown and overexpression approaches were utilized to identify the target proteins of T-96 in CD8+ T cells and keratinocytes.

Results
Here, we found that T-96 reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration in the epidermis using whole-mount tail staining and alleviated the extent of depigmentation to a comparable degree of tofacitinib (Tofa) in our vitiligo mouse model. In vitro, T-96 decreased the proliferation, CD69 membrane expression, and IFN-γ, granzyme B, (GzmB), and perforin (PRF) levels in CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with vitiligo. Pull-down assays combined with mass spectrum analysis and molecular docking showed that T-96 interacted with JAK3 in CD8+ T cell lysates. Furthermore, T-96 reduced JAK3 and STAT5 phosphorylation following IL-2 treatment. T-96 could not further reduce IFN-γ, GzmB and PRF expression following JAK3 knockdown or inhibit increased immune effectors expression upon JAK3 overexpression. Additionally, T-96 interacted with JAK2 in IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes, inhibiting the activation of JAK2, decreasing the total and phosphorylated protein levels of STAT1, and reducing the production and secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10. T-96 did not significantly inhibit STAT1 and CXCL9/10 expression following JAK2 knockdown, nor did it suppress upregulated STAT1-CXCL9/10 signaling upon JAK2 overexpression. Finally, T-96 reduced the membrane expression of CXCR3, and the culture supernatants pretreated with T-96 under IFN-γ stressed keratinocytes markedly blocked the migration of CXCR3+CD8+ T cells, similarly to Tofa in vitro.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that T-96 might have positive therapeutic responses to vitiligo by pharmacologically inhibiting the effector functions and skin trafficking of CD8+ T cells through JAK-STAT signaling.
Wall-to-wall mapping of carbon loss within the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone after the 2020 catastrophic wildfire
Authors: Matsala Maksym , Myroniuk Viktor , Borsuk Oleksandr , Vishnevskiy Denis , Schepaschenko Dmitry , Shvidenko Anatoly , Kraxner Florian , Bilous Andrii 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Key message
We propose a framework to derive the direct loss of aboveground carbon stocks after the 2020 wildfire in forests of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone using optical and radar Sentinel satellite data. Carbon stocks were adequately predicted using stand-wise inventory data and local combustion factors where new field observations are impossible. Both the standalone Sentinel-1 backscatter delta (before and after fire) indicator and radar-based change model reliably predicted the associated carbon loss.

Context
The Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) is a mosaic forest landscape undergoing dynamic natural disturbances. Local forests are mostly planted and have low ecosystem resilience against the negative impact of global climate and land use change. Carbon stock fluxes after wildfires in the area have not yet been quantified. However, the assessment of this and other ecosystem service flows is crucial in contaminated (both radioactively and by unexploded ordnance) landscapes of the CEZ.

Aims
The aim of this study was to estimate carbon stock losses resulting from the catastrophic 2020 fires in the CEZ using satellite data, as field visitations or aerial surveys are impossible due to the ongoing war.

Methods
The aboveground carbon stock was predicted in a wall-to-wall manner using random forest modelling based on Sentinel data (both optical and synthetic aperture radar or SAR). We modelled the carbon stock loss using the change in Sentinel-1 backscatter before and after the fire events and local combustion factors.

Results
Random forest models performed well (root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22.6 MgC·ha−1 or 37% of the mean) to predict the pre-fire carbon stock. The modelled carbon loss was estimated to be 156.3 Gg C (9.8% of the carbon stock in burned forests or 1.5% at the CEZ level). The standalone SAR backscatter delta showed a higher RMSE than the modelled estimate but better systematic agreement (0.90 vs. 0.73). Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)-dominated stands contributed the most to carbon stock loss, with 74% of forests burned in 2020.

Conclusion
The change in SAR backscatter before and after a fire event can be used as a rough proxy indicator of aboveground carbon stock loss for timely carbon map updating. The model using SAR backscatter change and backscatter values prior to wildfire is able to reliably estimate carbon emissions when on-ground monitoring is impossible.
Magnetic chitosan-zeolite composite as an adsorbent in ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of tetracyclines in water samples
Authors: Lefatle Mpho Charmaine , Madikizela Lawrence Mzukisi , Pakade Vusumzi Emmanuel , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction method was developed to pre-concentrate tetracyclines (TCs) in wastewater and river water. The magnetic chitosan-zeolite composite was used as an adsorbent. The morphological and structural properties of the adsorbent were characterised by various analytical techniques. The factors affecting the ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction method were optimised using a central composite design. A high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector was used to quantify TCs in wastewater and river water samples. Under optimised parameters, the developed analytical approach gave acceptable linearity (LOQ-400 µg L−1) with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.993, while the detection and quantitation limits ranged from 0.05–0.67 and 0.14–2.03 µg L−1, respectively. Attained recoveries were 90–101%, with intraday and interday precision expressed as the relative standard deviation (%RSD) below 5%. Even though the target analytes (tetracycline, oxytetracycline and oxytetracycline) were not detected in environmental samples, the synthesised adsorbent was suitable for the isolation of TCs in a complex matrix resulting in an accurate, precise, rapid and sensitive analytical method.
Peritoneal dialysis care by using artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) in Japan and expectations for the future
Authors: Nakamoto Hidetomo , Aoyagi Ryutaro , Kusano Takeru , Kobayashi Takehito , Ryuzaki Munekazu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2022, the government approved the telemedicine system for peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Japan in the form of medical fees. In 2000, we completed a telemedicine system for PD using an automatic peritoneal dialysis (APD) machine. We have published several papers and obtained international patents, but it was impossible to spread them. In recent years, the use of the internet and the spread of COVID-19 have led to the recognition of the importance of telemedicine, leading to the approval of medical fees for telemedicine in PD treatment in Japan. This change is believed to indicate the future direction of PD medicine. However, the current systems are still inadequate. They are difficult to use, and it is difficult for older patients to master their use. Therefore, we hope to develop a system that is easy to use, even for older patients. The new system is a wristwatch or mobile phone monitoring system for blood pressure, heart rate, partial pressure of oxygen, and electrocardiogram. However, development competition for such a mechanism occurs worldwide. Soon, the use of telemedicine in home medical care is expected to become a common practice. It is expected that the telemedicine system, which has been approved for patients using APD in Japan, will also be available for patients undergoing PD other than APD and patients undergoing home hemodialysis in the future. One important feature would be cooperation among doctors, nurses, clinical engineers, medical care teams, and primary care physicians. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are expected to significantly expand PD medical care in the future. This review is focused on the use of AI and IT for PD medical care in Japan and expectations for the future.
A joinpoint regression model to determine COVID-19 virulence due to vaccination programme in India: a longitudinal analysis from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Perumal Vanamail 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In late 2019, coronavirus disease, an acute respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), was designated COVID-19 and declared a pandemic. The interim guidance for prevention is through voluntary quarantine, mandatory quarantine, personal protective measures and maintaining social distance in public places. However, considering the severity and rapid spread of the disease to various countries, vaccine development was the last option to cope with the dire consequences. As of 14 Feb 2023, approximately 756 million people were infected with COVID-19 and 6.84 million deaths. As of 30 Jan 2023, around 1317 crores of vaccine doses were administered worldwide. In India, as of 15 Feb 2023, there were approximately 44.15 million infected persons due to COVID-19 and 5,30,756 deaths (1.2%). Considering the high case fatality rate and population size, the Government of India (GOI) implemented the COVID vaccination programme on 16 Jan 2021. As of 15 Feb 2023, approximately 220.63 crores of vaccine doses were administered.

Methods
We applied joinpoint regression analysis to determine the virulence of COVID-19 cases concerning their daily percentage change (DPC) and average DPC (ADPC) during India’s prevaccination and vaccination phases. We considered the database of daily reporting of COVID-19 cases covering 1018 days (19 Mar 2020 to 31 Dec 2022) that included both prevaccination and vaccination phases.

Results
Three joinpoint regression analyses adequately fit the data and identified four segments during the prevaccination and vaccination phases. Although the DPC value was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7 to 8.3) in the initial period of 50 days, the ADPC value significantly declined to 1.6% (95% CI 1.3 to 1.8) at the end of the prevaccination phase. During the vaccination phase, the model identified two significant segment periods that coincided with the waves of SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron Delta variants. The corresponding DPC values were 4.6% (95% CI 4.2 to 4.9) and 21.6% (95% CI 15.1 to 28.4), respectively. Despite these waves, COVID vaccination significantly reduced the ADPC value (− 1.6%; 95% CI − 1.7 to − 1.5).

Conclusions
We demonstrated the lockdown and vaccination phases significantly reduced ADPC. Furthermore, we quantified the severity of SARS-CoV-2, the Delta and the Omicron variant. The study findings are significant from an epidemiological perspective and can help health professionals to implement appropriate control measures.
Numerical simulation and validation of local wind environment of twin-box girder with wind barriers
Authors: Wu Fengying , Zhao Lin , Cao Fengchan , Ge Yaojun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to reproduce wind fields around a twin-box girder. Wind tunnel tests and field measurements were conducted to verify the accuracy of the CFD results. Variations in wind speed at different heights and crosswind reduction effects with different barriers were also examined using CFD simulation; the barriers had significant reduction effects. The reduction effectiveness was closely related to the barrier height and position; porosity was also a crucial factor. The wind speed profiles of a twin-box girder and a single box girder were analysed to determine why the wind speeds above the downstream deck were lower than above the windward deck of the twin-box girder. The results show that the incoming flow leaked downward through the slotted parts of the bridge and formed regulation vortices. Wind speeds were lower above the downstream deck than above the upstream deck as a result of leakage effects. The gap width also influenced the wind environment around the bridge deck.
Regional source rock thermal stress modeling and map-based charge access modeling of the Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt, northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bugti Muhammad Nawaz , Mann Paul 
Published: July 2023

The Port Isabel passive margin foldbelt covers 17,000 km2 of the northwestern deepwater U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Seven oil exploration wells have been drilled in the area from 1996 to 2007, yielding a single uncommercial gas discovery. The 5–7 km thick Oligo-Miocene section prevents drilling from penetrating the underlying Paleogene and Mesozoic source rocks. Accommodation space for the Oligo-Miocene section is created by the collapse of a paleo-salt wall, leading to linked fault systems in the upper decollement to the east. We use 13 exploration wells to construct 1D and map-based 2D basin models to investigate the burial and thermal history of three inferred source rock horizons (Paleogene, Turonian, and Tithonian). We interpret a 2D seismic data grid tied to four wells to constrain stratigraphic depths and thicknesses of the younger and shallower Wilcox source rock horizons, and the Jurassic and Cretaceous source rock horizons. Our results indicate that vitrinite reflectance is a proxy for the thermal stress levels reached by the source rocks as supported by maps of hydrocarbon charge access. We conclude that all three source rock intervals have reached varying degrees of maturity, expelled hydrocarbons in late Paleogene to mid-Neogene, and likely continue expelling hydrocarbons to the present-day at a reduced rate. The deposition of the Oligocene and Middle Miocene sedimentary section has buried the underlying source intervals and likely brought them into the gas/condensate window in the present-day. Our mapping of the extensive seismic reflection grid reveals four-way structural closures, three-way stratigraphic traps, and salt truncation structures associated with amplitude anomalies which may support our predictions for maturity in the underlying source rocks. Our thermal stress maps predict that the modeled source rocks are mature and our charge access models for the available wells constrain migration patterns, although the timing of the early hydrocarbon charge and late trap formation remain significant risk factors.
Optogenetic control of Wnt signaling models cell-intrinsic embryogenic patterning using 2D human pluripotent stem cell culture
Authors: Repina Nicole A. , Johnson Hunter J. , Bao Xiaoping , Zimmermann Joshua A. , Joy David A. , Bi Shirley Z. , Kane Ravi S. , Schaffer David V. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In embryonic stem cell (ESC) models for early development, spatially and temporally varying patterns of signaling and cell types emerge spontaneously. However, mechanistic insight into this dynamic self-organization is limited by a lack of methods for spatiotemporal control of signaling, and the relevance of signal dynamics and cell-to-cell variability to pattern emergence remains unknown. Here, we combine optogenetic stimulation, imaging and transcriptomic approaches to study self-organization of human ESCs (hESC) in two-dimensional (2D) culture. Morphogen dynamics were controlled via optogenetic activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling (optoWnt), which drove broad transcriptional changes and mesendoderm differentiation at high efficiency (&gt;99% cells). When activated within cell subpopulations, optoWnt induced cell self-organization into distinct epithelial and mesenchymal domains, mediated by changes in cell migration, an epithelial to mesenchymal-like transition and TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such optogenetic control of cell subpopulations can be used to uncover signaling feedback mechanisms between neighboring cell types. These findings reveal that cell-to-cell variability in Wnt signaling is sufficient to generate tissue-scale patterning and establish a hESC model system for investigating feedback mechanisms relevant to early human embryogenesis.
Developmental emergence of cortical neurogliaform cell diversity
Authors: Gomez Lucia , Cadilhac Christelle , Prados Julien , Mule Nandkishor , Jabaudon Denis , Dayer Alexandre 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
GABAergic interneurons are key regulators of cortical circuit function. Among the dozens of reported transcriptionally distinct subtypes of cortical interneurons, neurogliaform cells (NGCs) are unique: they are recruited by long-range excitatory inputs, are a source of slow cortical inhibition and are able to modulate the activity of large neuronal populations. Despite their functional relevance, the developmental emergence and diversity of NGCs remains unclear. Here, by combining single-cell transcriptomics, genetic fate mapping, and electrophysiological and morphological characterization, we reveal that discrete molecular subtypes of NGCs, with distinctive anatomical and molecular profiles, populate the mouse neocortex. Furthermore, we show that NGC subtypes emerge gradually through development, as incipient discriminant molecular signatures are apparent in preoptic area (POA)-born NGC precursors. By identifying NGC developmentally conserved transcriptional programs, we report that the transcription factor Tox2 constitutes an identity hallmark across NGC subtypes. Using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genetic loss of function, we show that Tox2 is essential for NGC development: POA-born cells lacking Tox2 fail to differentiate into NGCs. Together, these results reveal that NGCs are born from a spatially restricted pool of Tox2+ POA precursors, after which intra-type diverging molecular programs are gradually acquired post-mitotically and result in functionally and molecularly discrete NGC cortical subtypes.
Changing Expectations of Participants in the Recruitment and Selection Process Due to the Advent of Digital Tools
Authors: Illarionova E. 
Published: July 2023

Recruitment and selection of personnel is one of the most important tasks facing organizations that affect the effectiveness and stability of their activities. The beginning of the XXI century was marked by a continued increase in the pace of development of computer and network technologies, which was com-bined with increased accessibility for end users of modern devices. Personal computers and especially smartphones have become a necessary attribute of mo-dern life. In order to ensure the necessary speed and quality of solving the hiring problem, it is important to understand the current situation and expecta-tions of the participants in the process, apply relevant technologies and tools. The article examines the main participants in this process, as well as changes in their expectations and behavior, and also provides examples of tools that exist on the market, reflecting changes in the expectations of participants in this process.
BUILDING A CAREER IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REMOTE WORK MARKET
Authors: Laas N. 
Published: July 2023

For many workers, the impact of COVID-19 was largely manifested in one question: can I work from home or am I tied to my workplace? Quarantines, lockdowns and self-isolation have pushed tens of millions of people around the world to work from home, accelerating the experiment of moving employees to remote jobs that gained momentum after COVID-19 broke out.
In the midst of a pandemic, the limitations and benefits of remote work have become more apparent. While many people are returning to their jobs as the economy recovers — most can't work remote at all — executives say in surveys that hybrid teleworking models aren't going anywhere for some employees. The virus has overcome the cultural and technological barriers that have prevented remote work in the past, triggering a structural shift in where work takes place, at least for some people.
Now that the restrictions have been lifted, another question arises: to what extent will remote work continue?
Serum sPD-L1 levels are elevated in patients with viral diseases, bacterial sepsis or in patients with impaired renal function compared to healthy blood donors
Authors: Loacker Lorin , Egger Alexander , Fux Vilmos , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa , Weiss Günter , Griesmacher Andrea , Hoermann Gregor , Ratzinger Franz , Haslacher Helmuth , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Anliker Markus 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Immune checkpoints play an important role in maintaining the balance of the immune system and in the development of autoimmune diseases. A central checkpoint molecule is the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, CD279) which is typically located on the surface of T cells. Its primary ligand PD-L1 is expressed on antigen presenting cells and on cancer cells. Several variants of PD-L1 exist, among these soluble molecules (sPD-L1) present in serum at low concentrations. sPD-L1 was found elevated in cancer and several other diseases. sPD-L1 in infectious diseases has received relatively little attention so far and is therefore subject of this study.

Methods
sPD-L1 serum levels were determined in 170 patients with viral infections (influenza, varicella, measles, Dengue fever, SARS-CoV2) or bacterial sepsis by ELISA and compared to the levels obtained in 11 healthy controls.

Results
Patients with viral infections and bacterial sepsis generally show significantly higher sPD-L1 serum levels compared to healthy donors, except for varicella samples where results do not reach significance. sPD-L1 is increased in patients with impaired renal function compared to those with normal renal function, and sPD-L1 correlates significantly with serum creatinine. Among sepsis patients with normal renal function, sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly higher in Gram-negative sepsis compared to Gram-positive sepsis. In addition, in sepsis patients with impaired renal function, sPD-L1 correlates positively with ferritin and negatively with transferrin.

Conclusions
sPD-L1 serum levels are significantly elevated in patients with sepsis, influenza, mesasles, Dengue fever or SARS-CoV2. Highest levels are detectable in patients with measles and Dengue fever. Also impaired renal function causes an increase in levels of sPD-L1. As a consequence, renal function has to be taken into account in the interpretation of sPD-L1 levels in patients.