bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Network Modelling to Accurately Predict Asset Performance and Evaluate Options
Authors: Hill Ramona 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Modern energy asset planning requires the synthesis of many multi-disciplinary inputs to translate reservoir data into coherent simulations and their associated economic forecasts for effective decision making. Utilizing a nodal network model to integrate well forecasts with the asset's operational considerations allows for improved accuracy of the simulations, better guidance and generation of insights that allow for subsequent optimization of plans and more effective capital allocation.
A novel asset development planning workflow is presented which combines type curves with pad scheduling logic, surface flow constraints, costs, ownership, and price forecasts to model the cash flow of the asset through its full life. Flow capacities, costs, shrinkages, liquid yields, and carbon emissions are input at their representative nodes, enabling dynamic and accurate incremental evaluation. Existing base production and corporate type curve databases are leveraged to streamline the workflow, and several scenarios and sensitivities are examined.
The novel workflow is compared against a more traditional method using average infrastructure costs and high level capacity assumptions.
As a result of enabling more nuanced operational inputs, the nodal network was able to predictively simulate an asset's value within the given constraints and dynamically re-evaluate the full model after inputs were adjusted. For example, the model could automatically reroute production when a constraint was hit, then evaluate the liquid extraction and fee structure based on the new routing. Each iteration's production forecast included the latest base production, well forecasts, drilling schedule shifts, facility throughput constraints, shut-ins expected due to nearby scheduled fracs, third party offtake and fee structures, carbon emission costs, liquid extractions, and "take or pay" penalties. The outcome was a more accurate representation of incremental economics associated with development options, insight into potential optimizations, and improved quality of capital allocation decisions.
In addition, the novel workflow was less cumbersome to manage than the traditional workflow. In the conventional process, obtaining accurate network inputs first requires assumption of the flow path. Any subsequent adjustment to the drilling schedule or type curve can change the production timing and routing, requiring the analysis to be manually redone.
The traditional method of planning from the type well database alone does not allow a practical means of incorporating schedule and flow details, especially when the plan changes frequently or when considering multiple scenarios. The resulting forecast relies upon broad assumptions that may be materially incorrect in some cases, preventing optimization of planning decisions. Recent systems integrations allow sharing of data between tools which enables more powerful computational methods for improved forecasting and decision making.
Natural Gas Powered Direct-Drive Turbine Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Delivers High Power Density and Energy Transfer Efficiency for Environmental, Economic and Operational Benefits
Authors: Rodriguez Guillermo , Rodriguez Ricardo , Martinez Barron Heber , Yeung Tony , Fu Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn today's hydraulic fracturing operations there is an increasing demand for more rate and pressure resulting in more energy intense operations. Therefore, there is a need for more horsepower (HP) to be available on site. In order to support this, along with the industry's transition into a sustainable and low carbon footprint initiative, companies have devoted great efforts in research and development into developing the next generation hydraulic fracturing equipment. As a result, the first natural gas powered 5,000 HP direct drive turbine fracturing pumper has recently been introduced in North America. The objective of this paper is to provide technical insights on how the direct drive gas turbine technology brings a high-power density and efficient energy transfer solution to deliver operational, economic, and environmental benefits.The industry had limited success in utilization of the direct drive gas turbine technology in the past. The main obstacles were unreliable and inefficient turbine to pump power transfer mechanism, low power density, and lack of an integrated engineering approach. The advancements in gas turbines and speed reduction technology, coupled with an in-depth application of equipment design knowledge allowed the company to successfully develop the next generation of hydraulic fracturing technology. The technology is a power train consisting of a 5,000 HP gas turbine engine (5,336 HP actual), a robust single stage reduction gearbox, and a 5,000 HP continuous duty pump.The direct drive turbine technology brings one of the highest power densities and efficient mechanical power transfer designs on the market today. The technology utilizes a split shaft gas turbine to allow for a power gapless powertrain, linear output rpm, and low speed high torque capabilities. A wide variety of fuels can be used including compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), field gas, and liquid fuel (e.g., diesel). Based on certified third-party emissions data, the direct drive technology is shown to have one of the lowest greenhouse gases (GHG) and Environmental Protection Agnecy (EPA) regulated emissions profiles. At the time of this writing, the first direct drive turbine frac fleet has been deployed in the Haynesville for 2 years and more recently introduced in Canada (Montney and Duvernay).
Solvent Gas Uptake of CO2 and Propane in Heavy Oil for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Bjorndalen Nancy , Jiang Hong , Jossy W. Eddie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCold heavy oil production utilizes the energy inherent in the reservoir for primary oil production and has been applied with commercial success in the area surrounding Lloydminster. The primary cold production of heavy oil can be expected to produce about 5-10% of initial oil in place before the process becomes uneconomical. Solvent gas injection processes can be utilized for the recovery of remaining heavy oil from post-primary reservoirs. The processes involve the injection of solvents or solvent mixtures into an oil reservoir, dissolution of the solvents or solvent mixtures into the oil and production of the solvent-oil mixture. Mixing of the injected solvents with oil in the reservoir is governed by molecular diffusion, mechanical dispersion and non-equilibrium solvent dissolution/exsolution. A key aspect of exsolution for solvent gas-based heavy oil recovery processes is its stimulation of foamy oil behaviour. Maximizing the solvent gas uptake during the dissolution process is vital for attaining foamy oil behaviour during the exsolution process.A suite of experiments is presented where CO2, propane and a CO2-propane mixture are injected into both dead and live heavy oil sandpacks at a constant pressure and temperature. The solvent uptake rate was monitored with time. Numerical simulation of selected experiments is also presented.Interestingly, propane showed a slower solvent uptake rate with live oil than with dead oil in the sandpack, whereas CO2 showed a faster rate. The CO2-propane mixture indicated little rate change between live and dead oil experiments. CT experiments further concluded that propane sorbs faster into dead oil. This indicates that methane interferes with propane sorption into the oil in live oil cases. The numerical study found that a non-equilibrium treatment is necessary in simulating solvent dissolution behaviour.This study will help in the design of solvent gas-based heavy oil recovery processes such as VAPEX, Thermal Solvent, Hybrid Solvent, ES-SAGD, and Cyclic Solvent Injection (CSI). It provides insight into the concentration of injected solvent with distance into the oil, and the time required for adequate solvent injection and soaking. The volume of solvent gas uptake plays a key role in foamy oil behavour during exsolution, and a solid understanding of the solvent gas uptake by heavy oil can help in optimizing oil recovery from sustained foamy oil drive in the reservoir.
Digitization of Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Enables GHG Emissions Reduction, Operational Efficiency, and Reliability
Authors: Martinez Barron Heber , Rodriguez Ricardo , Rodriguez Guillermo , Alvarez Andres , Yeung Tony , Fu Dan , Aitchison Jeff 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the job intensity increases, in the form of flow rate and pressure, there is a continuous need for increased amount of horsepower for hydraulic fracturing operations. Nevertheless, increasing the number of units at the wellsite to achieve this demand in horsepower is an impractical solution when attempting to reduce carbon footprint. Instead, increasing the power density, energy transfer efficiency, and reducing the amount of parasitic loss offers a superior solution with the introduction of the first natural gas-powered 5,000 HP direct-drive turbine fracturing pumps in North America.A methodology was developed to select this direct-drive turbine technology as the next-generation hydraulic fracturing equipment. The direct-drive pumping unit is equipped with a 5,000 hp continuous duty power end driven by a 5,000 hp dual shaft turbine through a single speed reduction gearbox. This combination provides the most efficient mechanical power transfer efficiency resulting in significant fuel cost savings and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In conjunction, a new digital control system has been developed and deployed to enable operational automated functionalities for the pumping unit and backside equipment. This innovative control system provides open interoperable controls, and data analytics for the purpose of eliminating uninformed decisions from pump operators as well as predicting and preventing equipment failures.The objective of this paper is to provide technical details on how digitization enables operational efficiency, equipment reliability, and emission reduction for the direct drive turbine technology.
Design and implementation of a wireless circuit to monitor body, ambient temperature and vital signs associated with heart in patients, athletes and drivers
Authors: Parandin Fariborz , Heidari Farsad , Rahimi Zahra , Roshani Sobhan , Roshani Saeeid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to design and construct a bracelet system to measure the skin temperature, range, heart rate of the patients, wirelessly, which can be implemented at the lowest expense and the high cost of attending patients in health centers is reduced. Therefore, a complete automation system can be implemented, which includes review processes, alerts, warnings, contacting patients, dispatching to the site, and patient transfer. In this research, a camera is also embedded in the car to check either the eyes of the driver are closed or open, which detects driver drowsiness and distraction and activates the vibrator in the bracelet. The system is also equipped with a graphical interface on the cell phone during the exercise or at home in order to display the measurements of the above quantities and alert when the quantities are higher than or equal to the desired limit.
Manufacturing bone tissue in space destined for patients on Earth?
Authors: Parfenov Vladislav , Zobkov Yury , Karalkin Pavel , Petrov Stanislav , Pereira Frederico , Koudan Elizaveta , Levin Aleksandr , Golberg Margarita , Fedotov Alexander , Smirnov Igor , Kaprin Andrey , Sergeeva Natalia , Sviridova Irina , Kirsanova Valentina , Akhmedova Suraja , Mamin Georgy , Gafurov Marat , Urlichich Yury , Khesuani Yusef , Komlev Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Space exploration is perhaps one of the most difficult tasks ever undertaken since the existence of mankind. International Space Station (ISS) is a unique instrument for advanced technology research that is not possible anywhere else. Tissue engineering in a space environment where “turnoff” gravity can be done is the most emerging field with high-value targets. The microgravity conditions allow the designing of novel biomaterials that cannot be produced on Earth but benefit Earth. Developing and manufacturing a biomaterial to address a space-based challenge could lead to novel biomaterials that will bring important applications in clinical medicine on Earth and/or for long-duration space missions. Up to today, there are only a handful of emerging biomaterials that have been tested in space, none of which have been used for their eventual function. This work is reporting on advances in space technology via the 3D magnetic assembler approach to have furthered the development of synthetic bone tissue constructs on board the ISS Russia Segment during the expeditions 61/62 with clear evidence of their function in preclinical conditions on Earth. The results have demonstrated both high levels of osteoinductive and - conductivity as well as a ultimate rate of tissue regeneration of space bone grafts.
The effect of distance empowerment program on the sense of coherence among multiple sclerosis patients: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Arab Farzaneh , Hekmatpou Davood , saeedi Maryam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis is the most common central nervous system disease that causes permanent disability in young adults. There is no definitive cure for multiple sclerosis, and symptom control is an important part of the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of distance empowerment programs on the sense of coherence in multiple sclerosis patients.
Methods: This research was conducted on 64 people with multiple sclerosis who were referred to Saveh MS Association in a semi-experimental method in 2020. The random block method divided the research subjects into two control groups (32 people) and intervention groups (32 people). The control group only received routine care from the MS Association, but the intervention group, in addition to the routine care, underwent a distance empowerment program (via WhatsApp, Telegram, and blog) and weekly telephone follow-up for two months. Patients’ sense of coherence in the intervention and control groups was evaluated before and immediately after the empowerment program using Antonovsky's Multiple Sclerosis sense of coherence scale and was analyzed using SPSS software version 23.
Results: In total, the data from 59 samples were analyzed. The mean score of sense of coherence in the intervention group after the implementation of the empowerment program was 68.93 ± 9.99, which showed a statistically significant difference compared to before the intervention (P<0.001). Also, the mean score of the sense of coherence after the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Distance empowerment affects the sense of coherence of patients with multiple sclerosis and has led to an increase in sense of coherence scores after the implementation of the empowerment program.
Brain size mediates the choice of breeding strategy in the Red-backed shrike Lanius collurio
Authors: Bialas Joanna T. , Łukasz Dylewski , Marcin Tobolka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Brain size of vertebrates is a trade-off between natural selection for enhanced cognitive abilities and the energetic constraints of producing brain tissue. Processing a large amount of information can be beneficial but is also time-consuming. Whether it comes to the timing of breeding onset or nest-site selection, the choice of breeding strategy can be related to the size of the brain. Our study aims to reveal whether there is a relationship between brain size, timing of breeding, nest-site choice, and breeding success in Red-backed shrike Lanius collurio. We found that the first egg laying date was affected by the size of the female head size, with large-headed females laying eggs later in the breeding season. The study also found that the probability of breeding success increased with increased nest concealment, however, the relationship was negligible in larger-headed males. In turn, nest concealment was affected not by head size but only by breeding onset. The study suggests that the choice of breeding strategy may be mediated by brain size depending on sex: large-headed females may take more time to choose a nesting site, which may delay the onset of breeding, and large-headed males may benefit from, or at least be able to compensate for poor nest concealment.
Intra-articular injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell line attenuates pain, synovitis and cartilage degeneration in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model
Authors: Fukuda Yoshitsugu , Niki Yasuo , Ono-Uruga Yukako , Mastsubara Yumiko , Shinozaki Munehisa , Imamura Mika , Yoda Masaki , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Recently, mesenchymal stem cell therapy has emerged as an option for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Intra-articular injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is growing in popularity in clinical practice as conservative treatment for OA. The adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell line (ASCL) established in our institute provides allogeneic ADSCs that are more purified than conventional ADSCs. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular injection of the ASCL using the low-dose monoiodoacetate-OA (MIA-OA) model in rats.
Methods: Expression of cell surface markers for ADSCs and the ASCL was examined by flow cytometry. Low-dose MIA-OA model was created in 8-week-old male immunodeficient rats by intra-articular injection of 0.2 mg of MIA on day 0. After MIA injection, treatment group rats underwent intra-articular injection of the ASCL, and control group rats underwent intra-articular injection of ADSCs or vehicle on day 1. All rats subsequently underwent nociception analysis, gait analysis, immunoserological analysis and histopathological analysis.
Results: Flow cytometric analysis suggested that the ASCL consists of a homogeneously stem cell population than ADSCs. Nociception analysis revealed that the ASCL rats had higher pain thresholds than ADSCs control rats. Gait analysis revealed that mean swing duration, swing speed and duty cycle were significantly better in the ASCL rats than in vehicle control rats on day 56. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in synovial fluid were significantly lower in the ASCL rats than in vehicle control rats on days 5 and 56. Histopathological scores for infrapatellar synovitis and cartilage erosion were significantly improved in the ASCL rats than in vehicle control rats on days 5 and 56.
Conclusions: Intra-articular injection of the ASCL providing allogeneic ADSCs attenuated pain, synovitis and cartilage degeneration both in the early inflammatory phase and in a later less-inflammatory phase in low-dose MIA-OA model. The ASCL injection did not induce any adverse reactions, potentially representing an effective and safe therapeutic option for OA.
Obstacles to and opportunities for care collaboration through the utilization of an effective preventive care process for frail older adults: A study protocol for a mixed methods study design.
Authors: Boström Martina , Ranada Åsa Larsson , Wijk Helle , Skott Pia , Andersson Annette Erichsen , Rothenberg Elisabet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The gap between the groups in society experiencing good health and those not is increasing. Frail older adults are among the most vulnerable groups. Malnutrition, poor oral health, pressure ulcers and falls are common problems increasing the risk of hospitalization or admission to residential care facilities. An effective preventive care process is therefore needed to prevent such adverse events. Interprofessional care collaboration between the teams in residential care facilities, home help care, primary care, and hospital care is described as being prerequisite for an effective, safe, and effective preventive care process. However, the way in which thisprocess is carried out across Sweden’s municipalities varies. There is also a need to understand how managers in elderly care, interprofessional teams, and older adults themselves perceive how well the process of care collaboration functions. The protocol outlined here describes the design of a study aimed at exploring factors that constitute obstacles to and opportunities for care collaboration within and between different care providers through the utilization of an effective preventive care process for frail older adults in Sweden, based on the quality register Senior alert.
Method: A convergent mixed methods study design will be used combining quantitative (quality registers and open data) and qualitative data (practice-based semi structural interviews and focus group interviews with key informants at various organisational levels in elderly care). The results will provide the foundation for the creation of a model for an effective preventive care process for frail older adults, including improved care collaboration, which will be tested in a pilot study.
Discussion: Frail older adults face a high risk of negative events and hospitalization, which in turn leads to increased healthcare costs and decreased quality of life. There is a knowledge gap with regard to the obstacles to and opportunities for an effective preventive care process regarding these negative events. To increase patient safety and provide equitable care for frail older adults, good collaboration between care providers and the use of quality registers might be of importance.
Patient-derived xenograft models of human non-small cell lung cancer: pre-clinical and clinical factors for consideration
Authors: Peled Nir , Fuchs Vered , Sobarzo Ariel , Masamra Maha , Kezerle Yarden , Linde Liat , Sevillya Gur , Refaeli Yael , Cohen Ahron , Melamed Israel , Azriel Amit , Shoukrun Rami , Raviv Yael , Porgador Angel , Roisman Laila 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite the widespread utilization of Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDXs) as preclinical platforms in lung cancer research, there are concerns regarding their capability to accurately represent the tumor's clinical and molecular features across sequential passages. In this study, we established a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) PDX model in NSG-SGM3 mice and assessed clinical and preclinical factors throughout subsequent passages. Our cohort consisted of 40 NSCLC patients, which were used to successfully create 20 patient-specific PDX models in NSG-SGM3 mice. We found that the main factors that contributed to the growth of the engrafted PDX in mice were a higher grade or stage of disease, in contrast to a long duration of chemotherapy treatment which was negatively correlated with PDX propagation. Successful PDX growth was also linked to poorer prognosis and overall survival, while growth pattern variability was affected by the tumor's aggressiveness, primarily affecting the first passage. Pathology analysis showed preservation of histological type and grade; however, Whole Exome Sequence (WES) analysis revealed genomic instability in advanced passages, leading to the inconsistency of clinically relevant alterations between PDXs and biopsies. Multiple clinical and preclinical factors affect the engraftment success, growth kinetics, and tumor stability of patient-specific NSCLC PDXs; thus, their use for prolonged treatment evaluation studies remains questionable.