bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density-dependent predatory impacts of an invasive beetle across a subantarctic archipelago
Authors: Géron Charly , Cuthbert Ross N. , Hotte Hoël , Renault David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBiological invasions represent a major threat to biodiversity, especially in cold insular environments characterized by high levels of endemism and low species diversity which are heavily impacted by global warming. Terrestrial invertebrates are very responsive to environmental changes, and native terrestrial invertebrates from cold islands tend to be naive to novel predators. Therefore, understanding the relationships between predators and prey in the context of global changes is essential for the management of these areas, particularly in the case of non-native predators. Merizodus soledadinus (Guérin-Méneville, 1830) is an invasive non-native insect species present on two subantarctic archipelagos, where it has extensive distribution and increasing impacts. While the biology of M. soledadinus has recently received attention, its trophic interactions have been less examined. We investigated how characteristics of M. soledadinus, its density, as well as prey density influence its predation rate on the Kerguelen Islands where the temporal evolution of its geographic distribution is precisely known. Our results show that M. soledadinus can have high ecological impacts on insect communities when present in high densities regardless of its residence time, consistent with the observed decline of the native fauna of the Kerguelen Islands in other studies. Special attention should be paid to limiting factors enhancing its dispersal and improving biosecurity for invasive insect species.
Autonomous assessment of spontaneous retinal venous pulsations in fundus videos using a deep learning framework
Authors: Panahi Amirhossein , Rezaee Alireza , Hajati Farshid , Shariflou Sahar , Agar Ashish , Golzan S. Mojtaba 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe presence or absence of spontaneous retinal venous pulsations (SVP) provides clinically significant insight into the hemodynamic status of the optic nerve head. Reduced SVP amplitudes have been linked to increased intracranial pressure and glaucoma progression. Currently, monitoring for the presence or absence of SVPs is performed subjectively and is highly dependent on trained clinicians. In this study, we developed a novel end-to-end deep model, called U3D-Net, to objectively classify SVPs as present or absent based on retinal fundus videos. The U3D-Net architecture consists of two distinct modules: an optic disc localizer and a classifier. First, a fast attention recurrent residual U-Net model is applied as the optic disc localizer. Then, the localized optic discs are passed on to a deep convolutional network for SVP classification. We trained and tested various time-series classifiers including 3D Inception, 3D Dense-ResNet, 3D ResNet, Long-term Recurrent Convolutional Network, and ConvLSTM. The optic disc localizer achieved a dice score of 95% for locating the optic disc in 30 milliseconds. Amongst the different tested models, the 3D Inception model achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, and F1-Score of 84 ± 5%, 90 ± 8%, and 81 ± 6% respectively, outperforming the other tested models in classifying SVPs. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first study that utilizes a deep neural network for an autonomous and objective classification of SVPs using retinal fundus videos.
Early growth, development and allometry of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible Amaranthus palmeri in response to current and elevated temperature and CO2
Authors: de Souza Rodrigues Juliana , Shilling Donn , Tishchenko Viktor , Bowen Samantha , Deng Shiyuan , Hall Daniel B. , Grey Timothy L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of CO2 and temperature on glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) in terms of morphological development. Height (cm), stem diameter (cm), leaf area (cm2), number of leaves, leaf, stem, and root dry matter, plant volume (m3), as well as shoot-to-root allometry were evaluated. The Palmer amaranth biotypes were grown under four different scenarios: 1—low temperature (23/33 °C) and CO2 (410 ± 25 ppm); 2—low temperature (23/33 °C) and high CO2 (750 ± 25 ppm); 3—high temperature (26/36 °C) and low CO2 (410 ± 25 ppm); and 4—high temperature (26/36 °C) and CO2 (750 ± 25 ppm). Between CO2 and temperature, the majority of differences observed were driven by CO2 levels. Palmer amaranth grown under 750 ppm of CO2 was 15.5% taller, displayed 10% more leaf area (cm2), 18% more stem dry matter, and had a 28.4% increase in volume (m3) compared to 410 ppm of CO2. GA2017 and GA2020 were 18% and 15.5% shorter, respectively. The number of leaves was 27% greater for GA2005. Plant volume decreased in GA2017 (35.6%) and GA2020 (23.8%). The shoot-to-root ratio was isomeric, except at 14 and 21 DAT, where an allometric growth towards shoot development was significant. Palmer amaranth biotypes responded differently to elevated CO2, and the impacts of temperature need further investigation on weed physiology. Thus, environmental and genetic background may affect the response of glyphosate-resistant and susceptible populations to climate change scenarios.
Benefits of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi to plant water relations depend on plant genotype in pinyon pine
Authors: Sevanto Sanna , Gehring Catherine A. , Ryan Max G. , Patterson Adair , Losko Adrian S. , Vogel Sven C. , Carter Kelsey R. , Dickman L. Turin , Espy Michelle A. , Kuske Cheryl R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRhizosphere microbes, such as root-associated fungi, can improve plant access to soil resources, affecting plant health, productivity, and stress tolerance. While mycorrhizal associations are ubiquitous, plant–microbe interactions can be species specific. Here we show that the specificity of the effects of microbial symbionts on plant function can go beyond species level: colonization of roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) of the genus Geopora has opposite effects on water uptake, and stomatal control of desiccation in drought tolerant and intolerant genotypes of pinyon pine (Pinus edulis Engelm.). These results demonstrate, for the first time, that microorganisms can have significant and opposite effects on important plant functional traits like stomatal control of desiccation that are associated with differential mortality and growth in nature. They also highlight that appropriate pairing of plant genotypes and microbial associates will be important for mitigating climate change impacts on vegetation.
FUS-ERG induces late-onset azacitidine resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Asai-Nishishita Ai , Kawahara Masahiro , Tatsumi Goichi , Iwasa Masaki , Fujishiro Aya , Nishimura Rie , Minamiguchi Hitoshi , Kito Katsuyuki , Murata Makoto , Andoh Akira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFUS-ERG is a chimeric gene with a poor prognosis, found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It remains unclear whether DNA hypomethylating agents, including azacitidine (Aza), are effective in FUS-ERG-harbouring AML and how FUS-ERG induces chemoresistance. Stable Ba/F3 transfectants with FUS-ERG were repeatedly exposed to Aza for 7 days of treatment and at 21-day intervals to investigate Aza sensitivity. Stable FUS-ERG transfectants acquired resistance acquired resistance after three courses of Aza exposure. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed when Aza susceptibility began to change; genes with altered expression or transcript variants were identified. Molecular signatures of these genes were analysed using gene ontology. RNA-seq analyses identified 74 upregulated and 320 downregulated genes involved in cell motility, cytokine production, and kinase activity. Additionally, 1321 genes with altered transcript variants were identified, revealing their involvement in chromatin organisation. In a clinical case of AML with FUS-ERG, we compared whole-genome alterations between the initial MDS diagnosis and AML recurrence after Aza treatment. Genes with non-synonymous or near mutations in transcription regulatory areas (TRAs), additionally detected in AML recurrence, were collated with the gene list from RNA-seq to identify genes involved in acquiring Aza resistance in the presence of FUS-ERG. Whole-genome sequencing of clinical specimens identified 29 genes with non-synonymous mutations, including BCOR, and 48 genes located within 20 kb of 54 TRA mutations in AML recurrence. These genes were involved in chromatin organisation and included NCOR2 as an overlapping gene with RNA-seq data. Transcription regulators involved in mutated TRAs were skewed and included RCOR1 in AML recurrence. We tested the efficacy of BH3 mimetics, including venetoclax and S63845, in primary Aza-resistant AML cells treated with FUS-ERG. Primary FUS-ERG-harbouring AML cells acquiring Aza resistance affected the myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (MCL1) inhibitor S63845 but not while using venetoclax, despite no mutations in BCL2. FUS-ERG promoted Aza resistance after several treatments. The disturbance of chromatin organisation might induce this by co-repressors, including BCOR, NCOR2, and RCOR1. MCL1 inhibition could partially overcome Aza resistance in FUS-ERG-harbouring AML cells.
Attention-based bidirectional-long short-term memory for abnormal human activity detection
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Patel Anoop Kumar , Biswas Mantosh , Shitharth S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbnormal human behavior must be monitored and controlled in today’s technology-driven era, since it may cause damage to society in the form of assault or web-based violence, such as direct harm to a person or the propagation of hate crimes through the internet. Several authors have attempted to address this issue, but no one has yet come up with a solution that is both practical and workable. Recently, deep learning models have become popular as a means of handling massive amounts of data but their potential to categorize the aberrant human activity remains unexplored. Using a convolutional neural network (CNN), a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), and an attention mechanism to pay attention to the unique spatiotemporal characteristics of raw video streams, a deep-learning approach has been implemented in the proposed framework to detect anomalous human activity. After analyzing the video, our suggested architecture can reliably assign an abnormal human behavior to its designated category. Analytic findings comparing the suggested architecture to state-of-the-art algorithms reveal an accuracy of 98.9%, 96.04%, and 61.04% using the UCF11, UCF50, and subUCF crime datasets, respectively.
Side effects following vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a prospective, multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Winkelmann Alexander , Metze Christoph , Zettl Uwe K. , Loebermann Micha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVaccines play a crucial role in preventing infections in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), although concerns have been raised about potential worsening of the underlying disease. To investigate this, we conducted a prospective, multicentre, non-randomized observational study assessing changes in disease activity, safety, and clinical tolerability of vaccination in 222 MS patients on disease-modifying drugs. The majority of patients were female (76.6%) and 89.6% had relapsing–remitting MS. The vaccines administered were primarily seasonal influenza (56.3%) or tetanus-based vaccines (33.8%). Disease activity, as measured by annualized relapse rate, decreased significantly from 0.64 the year prior to vaccination to 0.38 in the following year. Moreover, the extended disability status scale remained stable within six months after vaccination in comparison to pre-vaccination values. Side effects were reported in 19.2% of vaccinated subjects, most commonly local side effects (65.2%) or flu-like symptoms (34.8%). Our findings suggest that standard non-live vaccines are safe and well-tolerated in MS patients and do not negatively impact disease activity.
Molecular detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs of positive owners during the first COVID-19 wave in Brazil
Authors: Galhardo Juliana Arena , Barbosa David Soeiro , Kmetiuk Louise Bach , de Carvalho Otávio Valério , Teixeira Ana Izabel Passarella , Fonseca Paula Luize Camargos , de Araújo e Santos Luiza Campos Guerra , Queiroz Daniel Costa , Miranda João Victor Oliveira , da Silva Filho Aluisio Pereira , Castillo Anisleidy Pérez , Araujo Ricardo Nascimento , da Silveira Julia Angelica Gonçalves , Ristow Luiz Eduardo , Brandespim Daniel Friguglietti , Pettan-Brewer Christina , de Sá Guimarães Ana Marcia , Dutra Valéria , de Morais Helio Autran , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Agopian Rafael Garabet , de Aguiar Renato Santana , Biondo Alexander Welker 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite previous reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats worldwide, the type of swab sample used for its detection through RT-qPCR needs to be better compared and described. Accordingly, as part of a multicenter study in Brazil, the aim of the present study was to assess which rectal or oropharyngeal swabs would be more appropriate for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs, through viral load comparison. Pets of owners diagnosed with COVID-19 in the last 7 days were eligible. A total of 148 animals from four of the five Brazilian geographical regions were analyzed, among which 10/48 cats (20.83%) and 11/100 dogs (11.00%) were positive. The results suggested that oropharyngeal swabs should be considered for SARS-CoV-2 detection, particularly in cats, due to the higher cDNA viral load. Also, the genomic results showed similarities between SARS-CoV-2 animal variants and human variants that were circulating at the time of sampling, thus corroborating the existence of zooanthroponotic transmission. In conclusion, the present study highlighted the importance of SARS-CoV-2 monitoring among cats and dogs, as virus modification may indicate the possibility of mutations in animals and spillover back to owners. Thus, positive individuals should always self-isolate from their pets during COVID-19, to prevent trans-species transmission and mutation.
Magnetic dynamics and nonreciprocal excitation in uniform hedgehog order in icosahedral 1/1 approximant crystal
Authors: Watanabe Shinji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hedgehog state in the icosahedral quasicrystal (QC) has attracted great interest as the theoretical discovery of topological magnetic texture in aperiodic systems. The revealed magnetic dynamics exhibits nonreciprocal excitation in the vast extent of the reciprocal lattice $${\varvec{q}}$$

q

-energy $$\omega$$
ω
space, whose emergence mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we analyze the dynamical as well as static structure of the hedgehog order in the 1/1 approximant crystal (AC) composed of the cubic lattice with spatial inversion symmetry. We find that the dispersion of the magnetic excitation energy exhibits nonreciprocal feature along the N-P-$$\Gamma$$
Γ
line in the $${\varvec{q}}$$

q

space. The dynamical structure factor exhibits highly structured intensities where high intensities appear in the high-energy branches along the $$\Gamma$$
Γ
-H line and the P-$$\Gamma$$
Γ
-N line in the $${\varvec{q}}$$

q

space. The nonreciprocity in the 1/1 AC and also in the QC is understood to be ascribed to inversion symmetry breaking by the hedgehog ordering. The sharp contrast on the emergence regime of nonreciprocal magnetic excitation between the QC and the 1/1 AC indicates that the emergence in the vast $${\varvec{q}}$$

q

-$$\omega$$
ω
regime in the QC is attributed to the QC lattice structure.
Entropy generation optimization of cilia regulated MHD ternary hybrid Jeffery nanofluid with Arrhenius activation energy and induced magnetic field
Authors: Mishra Nidhish K. , Sharma Bhupendra K. , Sharma Parikshit , Muhammad Taseer , Pérez Laura M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study deals with the entropy generation analysis of synthetic cilia using a ternary hybrid nanofluid (Al–Cu–Fe2O3/Blood) flow through an inclined channel. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effects of entropy generation optimization, heat, and mass transfer on ternary hybrid nanofluid passing through an inclined channel in the proximity of the induced magnetic field. The novelty of the current study is present in studying the combined effect of viscous dissipation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, exponential heat sink/source, porous medium, endothermic–exothermic chemical reactions, and activation energy in the proximity of induced magnetic field is examined. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate transformations. Applying the low Reynolds number and the long-wavelength approximation, resultant ODEs are numerically solved using shooting technique via BVP5C in MATLAB. The velocity, temperature, concentration, and induced magnetism profiles are visually discussed and graphically analyzed for various fluid flow parameters. Graphical analysis of physical interest quantities like mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, entropy generation optimization, and skin friction coefficient are also graphically discussed. The entropy generation improves for enhancing values of Reynolds number, solutal Grashof number, heat sink/source parameter, Brinkman number, magnetic Prandtl number, and endothermic-exothermic reaction parameter while the reverse effect is noticed for chemical reaction and induced magnetic field parameter. The findings of this study can be applied to enhance heat transfer efficiency in biomedical devices, optimizing cooling systems, designing efficient energy conversion processes, and spanning from renewable energy technologies to aerospace propulsion systems.
Contrasting patterns of foraging behavior in neotropical stingless bees using pollen and honey metabarcoding
Authors: Martins Aline C. , Proença Carolyn E. B. , Vasconcelos Thais N. C. , Aguiar Antonio J. C. , Farinasso Hannah C. , de Lima Aluisio T. F. , Faria Jair E. Q. , Norrana Krissya , Costa Marcella B. R. , Carvalho Matheus M. , Dias Rodrigo L. , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. , Carvalho Fernanda A. , Keller Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStingless bees are major flower visitors in the tropics, but their foraging preferences and behavior are still poorly understood. Studying stingless bee interactions with angiosperms is methodologically challenging due to the high tropical plant diversity and inaccessibility of upper canopy flowers in forested habitats. Pollen DNA metabarcoding offers an opportunity of assessing floral visitation efficiently and was applied here to understand stingless bee floral resources spectra and foraging behavior. We analyzed pollen and honey from nests of three distantly related stingless bee species, with different body size and social behavior: Melipona rufiventris, Scaptotrigona postica and Tetragonisca angustula. Simultaneously, we evaluate the local floristic components through seventeen rapid botanical surveys conducted at different distances from the nests. We discovered a broad set of explored floral sources, with 46.3 plant species per bee species in honey samples and 53.67 in pollen samples. Plant families Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Melastomataceae and Malpighiaceae dominated the records, indicating stingless bee preferences for abundant resources that flowers of these families provide in the region. Results also reinforce the preference of stingless bees for forest trees, even if only available at long distances. Our high-resolution results encourage future bee-plant studies using pollen and honey metabarcoding in hyper-diverse tropical environments.
Structure based virtual screening and molecular simulation study of FDA-approved drugs to inhibit human HDAC6 and VISTA as dual cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Shahab Muhammad , Al-Madhagi Haitham , Zheng Guojun , Zeb Amir , Alasmari Abdullah Fayez , Alharbi Metab , Alasmari Fawaz , Khan Muhammad Qayash , Khan Momin , Wadood Abdul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has significantly contributed to the treatment of various types of cancers mainly by targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Among them, V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) has been explored as a promising therapeutic target. Besides, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been demonstrated to be efficacious target for several cancers. The current theoretical work was performed to explore the virtual repurposing of the FDA-approved drugs as inhibitors against these two (VISTA and HDAC6) cancers therapeutic targets. The crystal structure of the two proteins were downloaded from PDB and subjected to virtual screening by DrugRep webserver while using FDA-approved drugs library as ligands database. Our study revealed that Oxymorphone and Bexarotene are the top-ranked inhibitors of VISTA and HDAC6, respectively. The docking score of Bexarotene was predicted as − 10 kcal/mol while the docking score of Oxymorphone was predicted as − 6.2 kcal/mol. Furthermore, a total of 100 ns MD simulation revealed that the two drugs Oxymorphone and Bexarotene formed stable complexes with VISTA and HDAC6 drug targets. As compared to the standard drug the two drugs Oxymorphone and Bexarotene revealed great stability during the whole 100 ns MD simulation. The binding free energy calculation further supported the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) result which stated that as compared to the ref/HDAC6 (− 18.0253 ± 2.6218) the binding free energy score of the Bexarotene/HDAC6 was good (− 51.9698 ± 3.1572 kcal/mol). The binding free energy score of Oxymorphone/VISTA and Ref/VISTA were calculated as − 36.8323 ± 3.4565, and − 21.5611 ± 4.8581 respectively. In conclusion, the two drugs deserve further consideration as cancer treatment option.
In vitro anticancer potential of laminarin and fucoidan from Brown seaweeds
Authors: Sanniyasi Elumalai , Gopal Rajesh Kanna , Damodharan Rajesh , Arumugam Arthi , Sampath Kumar Madhumitha , Senthilkumar Nandhini , Anbalagan Monisha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMarine seaweeds are rich source of polysaccharides present in their cell wall and are cultivated and consumed in China, Japan, Korea, and South Asian countries. Brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) are rich source of polysaccharides such as Laminarin and Fucoidan. In present study, both the laminarin and fucoidan were isolated was yielded higher in PP (Padina pavonica) (4.36%) and STM (Stoechospermum marginatum) (2.32%), respectively. The carbohydrate content in laminarin and fucoidan was 86.91% and 87.36%, whereas the sulphate content in fucoidan was 20.68%. Glucose and mannose were the major monosaccharide units in laminarin (PP), however, fucose, galactose, and xylose in fucoidan (STM). FT-IR down peaks represent the carbohydrate of laminarin and fucoidan except, for 1219 cm−1, and 843 cm−1, illustrating the sulphate groups of fucoidan. The molecular weight of laminarin was 3–5 kDa, and the same for fucoidan was 2–6 kDa, respectively. Both the Fucoidan and Laminarin showed null cytotoxicity on Vero cells. Contrastingly, the fucoidan possess cytotoxic activity on human liver cancer cells (HepG2) (IC50—24.4 ± 1.5 µg/mL). Simultaneously, laminarin also shown cytotoxicity on human colon cancer cells (HT-29) (IC50—57 ± 1.2 µg/mL). The AO/EB (Acriding Orange/Ethidium Bromide) assay significantly resulted in apoptosis and necrosis upon laminarin and fucoidan treatments, respectively. The DNA fragmentation results support necrotic cancer cell death. Therefore, laminarin and fucoidan from PP and STM were potential bioactive compounds for anticancer therapy.