bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microinvasive glaucoma surgeries: critical summary of clinical trial data with and without phacoemulsification
Authors: Aref Ahmad A. , Parker Paul R. , Chen Michael Y. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
To critically summarize and examine published data from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the safety and efficacy of microinvasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) with and without cataract surgery versus cataract surgery alone.

Recent findings
Three RCTs with standardized outcomes and rigorous methodology demonstrate superiority of the iStent (Glaukos), CyPass (Alcon), and Hydrus (Alcon) MIGS devices in combination with cataract surgery versus cataract surgery alone. The trials all involved medication washouts at baseline and also after 24 months of follow-up. In each of the trials, a greater proportion of participants randomized to the combined MIGS procedures achieved at least 20% unmedicated intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering compared with cataract surgery alone. With the exception of the CyPass device, which has been voluntarily withdrawn from the market, adverse events associated with MIGS were acceptable and consistent with routine intraocular surgeries. Follow-up studies demonstrate sustained efficacy, greater probabilities of visual field preservation, increased cost-effectiveness, and enhanced quality of life associated with MIGS procedures.

Summary
Data related to MIGS platforms for treatment of open-angle glaucoma with or without co-existing cataract supports their continued adoption in clinical practice. Future studies comparing various techniques and devices in a standardized fashion are needed.
Follow-up studies of the classical landmark studies in Glaucoma
Authors: Meier-Gibbons Frances , Töteberg-Harms Marc 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
It was not until the nineteen nineties that there was scientific evidence for the primary treatment concept of glaucoma, lowering intraocular pressure. The treatment concept of lowering intraocular pressure is now proven by randomized controlled clinical trials (landmark studies). This review provides an overview of the follow-up studies to these landmark studies from the last 18 months.

Recent findings
The 20-year data of the ocular hypertension treatment study showed a 49% incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma. The data of this landmark study was used for developing different machine learning algorithms. Bilateral disease, disc hemorrhages, and higher intraocular pressure (IOP) were risk factors for visual field deterioration in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Trial and the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study identified demographic factors, comorbidity, and clinical variables associated with visual field damage. Analysis was performed on Chinese subsets from the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Study (LiGHT). Looking at all the follow-up studies to the tube shunt landmark studies, preoperative IOP, neovascular glaucoma, Ahmed implantation, and younger age were predictors of failure. A follow-up study to the Effectiveness in Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Lens Extraction Study showed that patients were ten times more likely to maintain a drop-free target IOP after lens extraction than after laser iridotomy. A superior location for iridotomy results in significantly more significant angle widening than temporal or nasal locations, as shown by a follow-up study to the Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention Trial using OCT and gonioscopy.

Summary
The number of published follow-up studies to the landmark studies in glaucoma show the ongoing development of clinical questions in management of glaucoma.
Perturbations of the ocular surface microbiome and their effect on host immune function
Authors: Chang Chih-Chiun Jamie , Winn Bryan J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Current literature describing the ocular surface microbiome and host immunity are reviewed alongside experiments studying perturbations of the microbiome to explore the hypothesis that disruption of a healthy microbiome may predispose the ocular surface to inflammation and infection.

Recent findings
The ocular surface of healthy subjects is colonized by stable, pauci-microbial communities that are tolerant to the host immune response and are dominated by the genera Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, and Staphylococcus. In animal studies, commensal microbes on the ocular surface interact with toll-like receptors to regulate the immune system through immune cell and inflammatory cytokine production, promoting homeostasis and protecting against infection. Contact lens wear, lens wash solutions, and preserved topical medications can disrupt the native microbiome and alter the relative diversity and composition of microbes on the ocular surface.

Summary
The ocular surface microbiome confers protection against pathogenic colonization and immune dysregulation. Disruption of this microbiome by exogenous factors may alter the resistance of the ocular surface to infection. Further study of the relationships between human ocular surface microbiome and the local immune response are needed.
Circulation of Vaccine-derived Rotavirus G1P[8] in a Vulnerable Child Cohort in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cunha Denise Cotrim da , Fuller Trevon , Cantelli Carina Pacheco , de Moraes Marcia Terezinha Baroni , Leite José Paulo Gagliardi , Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal , Brasil Patricia 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The expansion of rotavirus (RV) immunization in several countries reduced the burden of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) and diarrhea-associated mortality. Although community transmission of live attenuated monovalent rotavirus vaccine (G1P[8] RV1) virus has been demonstrated in children and household contacts, fecal shedding of these strains in neonates and infants under six weeks of age has never been demonstrated. The objective of the study was to assess ADD and rotavirus vaccine strain shedding before and after immunization through 24 months of age.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study in a low-resource community in which stool samples were collected from neonates from 15 to 45 days of age every 2 weeks, after both doses of G1P[8] RV1, and in subsequent ADD episodes until 2 years of age. RV was detected and genotyped in stool samples by RT-PCR.

Results:
We enrolled 242 participants who were followed for an average of 23 months. The specific prevalence of G1P[8] RV1 virus was 3.3% in neonates and infants less than six weeks of age, 50% after the first dose, and 25.6% after the second dose. Among the 70 participants with ADD, G1P[8] RV1 virus was identified in only one participant (1.4% prevalence).

Conclusions:
In vaccinated children, there were no breakthrough infections with G1P[8] RV1 and ADD was rare supporting high vaccine effectiveness. We observed G1P[8] RV1 virus shedding among neonates and infants before the first vaccine dose, providing evidence of transmission of the vaccine strain from immunized children to those who are not yet vaccinated.
Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Long-term Immunity in Children: A Prospective Study in Northern Spain
Authors: García-García Elisa , Calle-Miguel Laura , Pérez-Solís David , Urueña Ignacio Carvajal , Merino Águeda García , Gómez Helena Higelmo , Poladura María Morán , Rodríguez-Pérez Mercedes 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The role of children in SARS-CoV-2 transmission and their immune response after infection have been profoundly discussed. Hereby, we analyze both aspects in a Spanish pediatric population.

Methods:
Prospective, multicentre, longitudinal study performed from July 2020 to September 2021 in children up to 14 years old. Venous blood samples were collected every 6 months and serum was analyzed for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a spike (S) and a nucleocapsid (N) protein assays. Household contacts of seropositive children were tested. Household transmission, antibody dynamics, and durability were analyzed.

Results:
Two hundred children were recruited and 28 had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the end of the study, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 16.6% (95% CI: 9.5%–19.6%). Most of children (18/28) were secondary cases. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was lower in households with pediatric index cases than in those with adult index cases (P = 0.023). The median antibody titers in the first positive serology, for the seropositive patients, were 137 BAU/mL (IQR 83.3–427.4) for the S-assay and 132.5 COI (IQR 14.5–170.5) for the N-assay without significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic children. The median time between the RT-PCR and the last serology was 7.5 months (IQR 5.2–8.8), and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after infection was proven to be at least 18 months. There were no cases of seroreversion.

Conclusions:
(1) Children are not the main drivers of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission. (2) They maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for up to 18 months after infection and the titers are similar between symptomatic and asymptomatic children.
Treatment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Children: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Sheves Asaf , Fuxman Yulia , Gazer Benny , Shmueli Moshe , Van Buren Jacob , Ben-Shimol Shalom , Assi Zaki 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) treatment is complicated, relying on cysts characteristics, host factors and possible treatment adverse events. We assessed childhood CE treatment characteristics.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study, 2005–2021, which presents our experience with treating children with CE. We compared therapeutic interventions use in association with the location, size and number of cysts. Additionally, we assessed complications rate following those interventions.

Results:
Sixty six children had CE; 97% were Bedouins. Overall, 183 cysts were identified in 74 organs: liver (n = 47, 64%), lungs (n = 23, 31%), brain, para-ovarian, kidney and peritoneum (other-grouped, n = 4, 5%). Mean ± Standard deviation largest cyst size (per patient) was 6.6 ± 3.2 cm. Treatment with albendazole was administered to 94% of CE, while albendazole monotherapy was used in 27% (n = 18, including 4 cases with extra-hepatic cysts). Surgical interventions included drainage/puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration (PAIR; n = 20), mainly performed in hepatic-CE (40% vs. 4% in pulmonary-CE, and 0% in other-CE), excision and drainage (n = 34) and complete excision (n = 10), mainly done in other-CE (50% vs. 26% and 4% in pulmonary-CE and hepatic-CE, respectively). Larger cyst size was associated with complete excision compared with albendazole monotherapy. The number of cysts was not associated with the chosen intervention. Fever was recorded following 39% of surgical interventions. Local surgical complications were relatively rare.

Conclusions:
Cysts location and size affected treatment choice among CE patients. Procedures with drainage had relatively higher rate of complications, including recurrence. Albendazole monotherapy may be a viable therapeutic option in selected CE cases.
In vitro Activity of Ceftaroline Against an International Collection of Kingella kingae Isolates Recovered From Carriers and Invasive Infections
Authors: Maher Joshua M. , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Huynh Holly K. , Porsch Eric A. , St. Geme III Joseph W. , Yagupsky Pablo , Bradley John 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Improvements in blood culture techniques and molecular-based diagnostics have led to increased recognition of Kingella kingae as an invasive human pathogen causing bacteremia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and endocarditis in young children. Serious disease and potentially life-threatening complications of infection due to K. kingae necessitate timely identification and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation broad spectrum cephalosporin that possesses activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens similar to third-generation cephalosporins, but also includes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This study reports the in vitro activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents against an international collection of K. kingae isolates.

Methods:
A collection of 308 K. kingae isolates was obtained primarily from children with bacteremia, endocarditis, osteoarticular infections or from asymptomatic pediatric carriers. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute broth microdilution methodology and screened for β-lactamase production using a nitrocefin chromogenic test.

Results:
Ceftaroline inhibited all K. kingae isolates at ≤0.06 mg/L (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.03 mg/L). Ceftaroline MICs were similar to results with ceftriaxone (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.015 mg/L), meropenem (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.015 mg/L) and ampicillin–sulbactam (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.06 mg/L). Ceftaroline MICs were slightly lower than MICs for cefuroxime and amoxicillin/clavulanate (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.12 mg/L). MICs were high for clindamycin (MIC50/90, 2/4 mg/L) and oxacillin (MIC50/90, 4/8 mg/L). Sixteen isolates (5.2%) yielded a positive nitrocefin test indicating production of β-lactamase; ceftaroline demonstrated equivalent MICs against β-lactamase–positive and β-lactamase–negative strains (MIC50/90, 0.015/0.3 mg/L).

Conclusions:
The potent activity of ceftaroline against this large international collection of K. kingae isolates supports further clinical evaluation in children.
Thirty Years of Experience With Ocular Adnexal T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Manta Alexandra I. , Wilson-Pogmore Ario A. , Sullivan Timothy J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the disease characteristics and survival of patients with ocular adnexal T-cell lymphoma.

Methods:
A retrospective, observational study of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexa seen between 1992 and 2022. Demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging, histology, immunohistochemistry, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
Fifteen patients were included in the study with the mean age at diagnosis of 50 years old (range 7–85). The most common presenting symptoms were ulcerated eyelid skin lesions (40%) followed by eyelid swelling (13.3%), and lacrimal passageways obstruction (13.3%). The anaplastic large cell lymphoma (33%) and primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (33%) were the most diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma subtypes, followed by the nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (27%) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (7%). The most prevalent stage of disease progression was stage I and stage IV (Ann Arbor classification) with seven (47%) patients each. Eight (53%) patients succumbed to the disease process of which three (37.5%) deceased in the first six months and six (75%) within the first year of diagnosis. We identified a strong statistical association between stage and disease-related death (p = 0.003).

Conclusions:
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma occurring in the orbit and ocular adnexa is extremely rare. Advanced stage at diagnosis leads to almost certain death from the disease despite aggressive local and systemic treatment. Early diagnosis improves the chances of survival but can be hindered by this condition’s ability to simulate benign inflammatory conditions both clinically and histologically.
Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Graves Orbitopathy: Precision Medicine?
Authors: Xavier Naiara F. , Lucena Daniela Tavares , Cruz Antonio A.V. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To summarize the development, nomenclature, and rationale of the reported use of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in Graves Orbitopathy (GO) and to undertake a systematic review of the management of GO with Mabs.

Methods:
The Pubmed and Embase databases and the Federal Brazilian searching site (Periódicos-CAPES) were screened. The authors searched all the keywords “monoclonal antibodies,” “adalimumab,” “belimumab,” “infliximab,” “rituximab,” “teprotumumab,” and “tocilizumab” combined with the terms “Graves Orbitopathy,” “Graves eye disease” and “thyroid eye disease.” All the articles published in English, French, and Spanish from 2000 to May 2022 were screened. Only publications with quantitative data on the activity of orbitopathy, proptosis, or both were included.

Results:
Seventy-six articles of the 954 screened records met the inclusion criteria. Seven Mabs were described for treating GO. The three most reported Mabs were Rituximab, Tocilizumab, and Teprotumumab. Only eight randomized clinical trials compared the effect of these three Mabs and Belimumab with the effect of steroids or placebos. Adalimumab, Infliximab, and K1-70 only appeared in a few case series and case reports. Frequent mild-to-moderate and few major side effects occurred with the three most used Mabs. Relapse rates ranged from 7.4% for Tocilizumab to at least 29.4% for Teprotumumab. No randomized clinical trials compared Mabs head-to-head.

Conclusion:
Considering the lack of head-to-head comparisons between Mabs, the relapse rate, the possibility of severe collateral effects, and the cost of Mabs, it is not clear which Mab is the safest and most useful to treat GO.
Shorter screw lengths in dynamic Dynesys fixation have less screw loosening: From clinical investigation to finite-element analysis
Authors: Hsu Fang-Chi , Chen Chen-Sheng , Yao Yu-Cheng , Lin Hsi-Hsien , Wang Shih-Tien , Chang Ming-Chau , Liu Chien-Lin , Chou Po-Hsin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The dynamic Dynesys Stabilization System preserves lumbar mobility at instrumented levels. This study investigated the effect of screw length on screw loosening (SL) after dynamic Dynesys fixation and screw displacement during lumbar motion, using clinical investigation and finite-element (FE) analysis.

Methods:
Clinical data of 50 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis treated with decompression and Dynesys fixation in 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Horizontal sliding displacement and vertical displacement of screw tips at L4 were analyzed postoperatively using displacement-controlled FE analysis at the L4-L5 level with screw lengths 45 (long screw), 36 (median screw), and 27 (short screw), and 6.4 mm in diameter, under flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

Results:
In 13 patients (13/50, 26%), 40 screws (40/266, 15%) were loose at mean follow-up of 101.3 ± 4.4 months. Radiographic SL at 35, 40, 45, and 50 mm were 7.7%, 10.7%, 12.1%, and 37.5%, respectively, regardless of the fixation level (p = 0.009). FE analysis revealed that the long screw model with corresponding longer lever arm had maximal horizontal sliding displacement under all directions and maximal vertical displacement, except for lateral bending.

Conclusion:
Shorter screws in Dynesys fixation may help avoid dynamic SL. Clinically, 50 mm screws showed the greatest SL and median screw screws demonstrated the least displacement biomechanically.
Self-care Practices of Patients With Heart Failure Using Wearable Electronic Devices
Authors: Patel Harsh A. , Hayden K. Alix , Raffin Bouchal Shelley , King-Shier Kathryn 
Published: February 2023

Background
Heart failure (HF) is the fastest growing cardiovascular condition globally; associated management costs and hospitalizations place an immense burden on healthcare systems. Wearable electronic devices (WEDs) may be useful tools to enhance HF management and mitigate negative health outcomes.

Objective
We aimed to perform a systematic review to examine the potential of WEDs to support HF self-care in ambulatory patients at home.

Methods
Five databases were searched for studies published between 2007 and May 2022, including OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID), APA PsycINFO (OVID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (OVID), and CINAHL Plus with Full Text (Ebsco). After 6210 duplicates were removed, 4045 records were screened and 6 were included for review (2 conference abstracts and 4 full-text citations). All studies used WEDs as 1 component of a larger intervention.

Results
Outcome measures included quality of life, physical activity, self-efficacy, self-care, functional status, time to readmission, social isolation, and mood. Studies were of moderate to high quality and mixed findings were reported. Enhanced exercise habits and motivational behavior to exercise, as well as decreased adverse symptoms of fatigue and dyspnea, were identified in 2 studies. However, improvements in exercise capacity and increased motivational behavior did not lead to exercise adherence in another 2 studies.

Conclusions
The findings from this review suggest that WEDs may be a viable health behavior improvement strategy for patients with HF. However, studies of higher quality, with the primary intervention being a WED, and consistent outcome measures are needed to replicate the positive findings of studies identified in this review.
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Factors Influencing Physical Activity in Arab Americans
Authors: Nahari Ahmed M. , Davis Leslie L. , Wallace Debra C. , Pickett Stephanie , Davis Paul G. , McCoy Thomas P. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Many Arab Americans do not meet the physical activity (PA) guidelines despite evidence to support health benefits.

Aims
We aimed to investigate the relationships between PA and sample characteristics, intrapersonal factors, and interpersonal factors and examine to what extent these factors influence PA in Arab Americans. A cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational design using a self-administered questionnaire with 140 Arab Americans was used. Spearman ρ correlation was used to assess the associations between PA and sample characteristics, intrapersonal factors, and interpersonal factors. Three simultaneous gamma regression models were used to assess to what extent these factors jointly influenced PA.

Results
Most participants (58.6%) reported a high level of PA. Significant positive associations were found between PA and health status, religiosity, and PA self-efficacy (rs
= 0.21, P = .019; r
s = 0.19, P = .029; and r
s = 0.28, P = .003, respectively). Multiple regression models revealed that being employed (model 1: Exp[b] = 1.87, P = .030; Model 3: Exp[b] = 1.77, P = .043) and having chronic conditions (model 1: Exp[b] = 1.88, P = .031; model 2: Exp[b] = 1.96, P = .034; model 3: Exp[b] = 1.91, P = .047) were associated with greater PA, when accounting for other sample characteristics, intrapersonal factors, and interpersonal factors.

Conclusion
Presence of chronic health conditions and employment status should be considered when promoting PA in Arab Americans. Future research is needed to explore the relationship between religiosity, PA self-efficacy, and PA in this population.