bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inhibitive action of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on the porosity of corrosion film formed on aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: El-Sayed Abdel-Rahman , El-Hendawy Morad M. , El-Mahdy Mohamed Sarwat , Hassan Fatma S. M. , Mohamed Adila E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) in a solution of 0.5 M HCl is an effective corrosion inhibitor for aluminum and aluminum–titanium alloys. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to assess this heterocyclic compound’s anticorrosive potential and complementary by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and calculating porosity percentage in the absence and presence of various inhibitor concentrations. Inhibition efficiency (IE%) was strongly related to concentration (10–6–10–3 M). Temperature’s effect on corrosion behavior was investigated. The data exhibited that theIE% decreases as the temperature increases. An increase in activation energy (Ea) with increasing the inhibitor concentration and the decrease in theIE% value of the mentioned compound with raising the temperature indicates that the inhibitor molecules are adsorbed physically on the surface. Thermodynamic activation parameters for Al and Al–Ti alloy dissolution in both 0.5 M HCl and the inhibited solution were calculated and discussed. According to Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm, the inhibitor molecules were adsorbed. The evaluated standard values of the enthalpy ($$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o})$$ΔHads.o), entropy ($$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o})$$ΔSads.o)and free energy changes ($$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o})$$ΔGads.o)showed that$$\Delta {H}_{ads.}^{o}$$ΔHads.oand$$\Delta {G}_{ads.}^{o}$$ΔGads.oare negative, while$$\Delta {S}_{ads.}^{o}$$ΔSads.owas positive. The formation of a protective layer adsorbed on the surfaces of the substrates was confirmed with the surface analysis (SEM). The porosity percentage is significantly reduced in the inhibitor presence and gradually decreased with increasing concentration. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were employed to explain the variance in protecting the Al surface from corrosion. Interestingly, the theoretical findings align with their experimental counterparts. The planarity of 2-MBT and the presence of heteroatoms are the playmakers in the adsorption process.
A universal model for the Lorenz curve with novel applications for datasets containing zeros and/or exhibiting extreme inequality
Authors: Sitthiyot Thitithep , Holasut Kanyarat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven that the existing parametric functional forms for the Lorenz curve do not fit all possible size distributions, a universal parametric functional form is introduced. By using the empirical data from different scientific disciplines and also the hypothetical data, this study shows that, the proposed model fits not only the data whose actual Lorenz plots have a typical convex segment but also the data whose actual Lorenz plots have both horizontal and convex segments practically well. It also perfectly fits the data whose observation is larger in size while the rest of observations are smaller and equal in size as characterized by two positive-slope linear segments. In addition, the proposed model has a closed-form expression for the Gini index, making it computationally convenient to calculate. Considering that the Lorenz curve and the Gini index are widely used in various disciplines of sciences, the proposed model and the closed-form expression for the Gini index could be used as alternative tools to analyze size distributions of non-negative quantities and examine their inequalities or unevennesses.
Medetomidine/midazolam/fentanyl narcosis alters cardiac autonomic tone leading to conduction disorders and arrhythmias in mice
Authors: Tomsits Philipp , Volz Lina , Xia Ruibing , Chivukula Aparna , Schüttler Dominik , Clauß Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArrhythmias are critical contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therapies are mainly symptomatic and often insufficient, emphasizing the need for basic research to unveil the mechanisms underlying arrhythmias and to enable better and ideally causal therapies. In translational approaches, mice are commonly used to study arrhythmia mechanisms in vivo. Experimental electrophysiology studies in mice are performed under anesthesia with medetomidine/midazolam/fentanyl (MMF) and isoflurane/fentanyl (IF) as commonly used regimens. Despite evidence of adverse effects of individual components on cardiac function, few data are available regarding the specific effects of these regimens on cardiac electrophysiology in mice. Here we present a study investigating the effects of MMF and IF narcosis on cardiac electrophysiology in vivo in C57BL/6N wild-type mice. Telemetry transmitters were implanted in a group of mice, which served as controls for baseline parameters without narcosis. In two other groups of mice, electrocardiogram and invasive electrophysiology studies were performed under narcosis (with either MMF or IF). Basic electrocardiogram parameters, heart rate variability parameters, sinus node and atrioventricular node function, and susceptibility to arrhythmias were assessed. Experimental data suggest a remarkable influence of MMF on cardiac electrophysiology compared with IF and awake animals. While IF only moderately reduced heart rate, MMF led to significant bradycardia, spontaneous arrhythmias, heart rate variability alterations as well as sinus and AV node dysfunction, and increased inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias. On the basis of these observed effects, we suggest avoiding MMF in mice, specifically when studying cardiac electrophysiology, but also whenever a regular heartbeat is required for reliable results, such as in heart failure or imaging research.
Platelet glycoprotein V spatio-temporally controls fibrin formation
Authors: Beck Sarah , Öftering Patricia , Li Renhao , Hemmen Katherina , Nagy Magdolna , Wang Yingchun , Zarpellon Alessandro , Schuhmann Michael K. , Stoll Guido , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Heinze Katrin G. , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Ruf Wolfram , Stegner David , Nieswandt Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe activation of platelets and coagulation at vascular injury sites is crucial for hemostasis but can promote thrombosis and inflammation in vascular pathologies. Here, we delineate an unexpected spatio-temporal control mechanism of thrombin activity that is platelet orchestrated and locally limits excessive fibrin formation after initial hemostatic platelet deposition. During platelet activation, the abundant platelet glycoprotein (GP)V is cleaved by thrombin. We demonstrate, with genetic and pharmacological approaches, that thrombin-mediated shedding of GPV does not primarily regulate platelet activation in thrombus formation but rather has a distinct function after platelet deposition and specifically limits thrombin-dependent generation of fibrin, a crucial mediator of vascular thrombo-inflammation. Genetic or pharmacologic defects in hemostatic platelet function are unexpectedly attenuated by specific blockade of GPV shedding, indicating that the spatio-temporal control of thrombin-dependent fibrin generation also represents a potential therapeutic target to improve hemostasis.
Carbon coated heterojunction CoSe2/Sb2Se3 nanospheres for high-efficiency sodium storage
Authors: Li Gongqiang , Song Meng , Zhang Xiao , Sun Yanfang , Guo Jinxue 
Published: March 2023

Carbon coated CoSe2/Sb2Se3 heterojunction can effectively activate surface pseudocapacitive contribution and improve electrochemical dynamics, thus achieving high-performance anodes for sodium ion batteries.
Targeting TLR4/3 using chlorogenic acid ameliorates LPS+POLY I:C-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome via alleviating oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3/NF-κB axis
Authors: Jain Siddhi , Saha Pritam , Syamprasad Nayadi Parambil , Panda Samir Rajan , Rajdev Bishal , Jannu Arun Kumar , Sharma Pawan , Naidu Vegi Ganga Modi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused due to significant pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been shown to possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoprotective properties. However, the protective effect of CGA on viral and bacterial-induced ALI/ARDS is not yet explored. Hence, the current study is aimed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of CGA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (POLY I:C)-induced ALI/ARDS models in vitro and in vivo. Human airway epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells exposed to LPS+POLY I:C significantly elevated oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. Co-treatment with CGA (10 and 50 µM) prevented inflammation and oxidative stress mediated by TLR4/TLR3 and NLRP3 inflammasome axis. BALB/c mice, when chronically challenged with LPS+POLY I:C showed a significant influx of immune cells, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely: IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and treatment with intranasal CGA (1 and 5 mg/kg) normalized the elevated levels of immune cell infiltration as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. D-Dimer, the serum marker for intravascular coagulation, was significantly increased in LPS+ POLY I:C challenged animals which was reduced with CGA treatment. Further, CGA treatment also has a beneficial effect on the lung and heart, as shown by improving lung physiological and cardiac functional parameters accompanied by the elevated antioxidant response and simultaneous reduction in tissue damage caused by LPS+POLY I:C co-infection. In summary, these comprehensive, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that CGA may be a viable therapeutic option for bacterial and viral-induced ALI-ARDS-like pathology.
Synthesis of Functionalized Spirooxindole Polycycles: Use of Cyclic 1,3-Diones as Reactants or as Condition-Tuning Molecules
Authors: Tanaka Fujie , Sohail Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis account describes the strategies for the synthesis of functionalized spirooxindole polycycles, including enantiomerically enriched forms, that we have developed and reported. The syntheses of these complex molecules were accomplished in a few steps starting from relatively simple oxindole derivatives and other reactants. Organocatalytic reactions involved in kinetic resolution or in dynamic kinetic transformation led to the formation of products with high diastereo- and/or enantioselectivities. Cyclic 1,3-diones, such as 1,3-cyclohexanedione, were used as reactants to provide two reaction sites for the construction of polycyclic ring systems. To tune the reaction conditions, 2-methyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione was employed. The developed methods enabled the synthesis of complex functionalized spirooxindole polycycles bearing up to seven stereogenic centers, and will be useful for the synthesis of potentially bioactive molecules.1	Introduction2	Formal (4+1) Cycloaddition and Enantioselective Michael/Henry Cascade Reactions3	Dynamic Stereoselective Aldol/Oxacyclization Cascade Reactions4	Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation: Diastereo- and Enantioconvergent Michael/Henry Reactions5	Dimerization Reactions6	Conclusion
Feasibility and Morbidity for the Use of MR-Guided Laser-Induced Thermotherapy for the Treatment of Skull Base Tumors: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Lawrence Jesse D. , Marsh Robert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive technique that has been demonstrated as an effective treatment of many pathologies; however, it has never been investigated for the use in skull base tumors.
Case Series Three patients underwent LITT for treatment of skull base meningiomas. All three patients were determined to be poor candidates for open resection. Each patient was treated with a single laser fiber. Postoperative imaging confirmed ablation zones along the tract of the catheter in all three patients. Ablation zones were estimated to be 9 to 20% of the intended to treat tumor volume. Two of three treated patients suffered cranial nerve injury following the procedure with one patient diagnosed with neurotrophic keratitis and one patient with symptoms consistent with anesthesia dolorosa.
Conclusion LITT is a technically feasible, minimally invasive treatment modality for skull base lesions. Significant risk to cranial nerves and small ablation zones afforded by a single cannula placement proposes serious obstacles. Further investigation is warranted prior to using this technique outside of a palliative indication.
A 220 GHz–1.1 THz continuous frequency and polarization tunable quasi-optical electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic system
Authors: Khatri Gyan , Fritjofson Gregory , Hanson-Flores Jacob , Kwon Jaesuk , Del Barco Enrique 
Published: March 2023

Here, we describe a custom-designed quasi-optical system continuously operating in the frequency range 220 GHz to 1.1 THz with a temperature range of 5–300 K and magnetic fields up to 9 T capable of polarization rotation in both transmitter and receiver arms at any given frequency within the range through a unique double Martin–Puplett interferometry approach. The system employs focusing lenses to amplify the microwave power at the sample position and recollimate the beam to the transmission branch. The cryostat and split coil magnets are furnished with five optical access ports from all three major directions to the sample sitting on a two-axes rotatable sample holder capable of performing arbitrary rotations with respect to the field direction, enabling broad accessibility to experimental geometries. Initial results from test measurements on antiferromagnetic MnF2 single crystals are included to verify the operation of the system.
Toward the realization of a primary low-pressure standard using a superconducting microwave resonator
Authors: Gambette P. , Gavioso R. M. , Madonna Ripa D. , Plimmer M. D. , Sparasci F. , Pitre L. 
Published: March 2023

We describe a primary gas pressure standard based on the measurement of the refractive index of helium gas using a microwave resonant cavity in the range between 500 Pa and 20 kPa. To operate in this range, the sensitivity of the microwave refractive gas manometer (MRGM) to low-pressure variations is substantially enhanced by a niobium coating of the resonator surface, which becomes superconducting at temperatures below 9 K, allowing one to achieve a frequency resolution of about 0.3 Hz at 5.2 GHz, corresponding to a pressure resolution below 3 mPa at 20 Pa. The determination of helium pressure requires precise thermometry but is favored by the remarkable accuracy achieved by ab initio calculations of the thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of the gas. The overall standard uncertainty of the MRGM is estimated to be of the order of 0.04%, corresponding to 0.2 Pa at 500 and 8.1 Pa at 20 kPa, with major contributions from thermometry and the repeatability of microwave frequency measurements. A direct comparison of the pressures realized by the MRGM with the reference provided by a traceable quartz transducer shows relative pressure differences between 0.025% at 20 kPa and −1.4% at 500 Pa.
Fast calculation of temperature distribution in oil-immersed transformer windings based on U-net neural network
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Gao Yiqian , Liu Gang , Hu Wanjun , Wang Wenhao , Wang Bowen 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a fast computational method based on the training of the U-net neural network is proposed to solve the fluid-thermal coupling problem of transformers. First, the input variables are selected according to the fluid-thermal coupling principle, and the finite volume method is applied to obtain the output results under different operating conditions and make them into training sets and test sets. Second, the training sets are normalized and input into the U-net neural network. At the same time, three hyperparameters that have more influence on the network training are discussed in detail, and the optimal combination of hyperparameters is determined. Finally, the prediction set is fed into the trained model for prediction computation, and the results are subjected to the inverse normalization operation, whose predictive results are consistent with those calculated by the finite volume method. In addition, the computational time is shortened from 300 to 0.07 s, and the prediction variance does not exceed 0.055 K2. The results show that the proposed method can be used to obtain the temperature of immersed transformer windings quickly, which provides an effective tool for real-time temperature simulation of the digital twin of power transformers.
High-performance MTJ-based sensors for monitoring of atmospheric pollution
Authors: Amara Selma , Aljedaibi Abdulrahman , Alrashoudi Ali , Ben Mbarek Sofiane , Khan Danial , Massoud Yehia 
Published: March 2023

Solid and liquid particles in the atmosphere, referred to as airborne particulate matter (PM), have been rising significantly over the past two decades. Exposure to PM carries significant health risks such as lungs damage, heart disease, cancer, and death. PM2.5 is a subgroup of PM particles that are smaller than 2.5 µm and is a major concern as it is more harmful to health and more difficult to detect. One problematic component of PM2.5 is magnetite nanoparticles (&lt;200 nm), which are readily absorbed into the bloodstream through the respiratory system. Eventually, magnetite nanoparticles deposit inside the brain causing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or cancerous tumors by inducing oxidative stress. Additionally, Magnetite nanoparticles are often surrounded by heavy metal nanoparticles such as Cadmium and lead which are a great concern to the environment and health. Traditional PM detection methods such as laser scattering are bulky, expensive, and incapable of detecting particles smaller than 200 nm such as magnetite nanoparticles. Therefore, developing a low-cost highly sensitive sensor for monitoring magnetite nanoparticles is vital. Tunneling Magneto-Resistance (TMR) sensors are an attractive option due to their low-cost and high sensitivity toward magnetic nanoparticle detection. Moreover, developing a cheap, portable, and precise remote monitoring technique will allow for the creation of high spatial resolution highly sensitive monitoring networks for magnetic PM2.5. This work focuses on developing, modeling, and simulation of low-cost highly sensitive TMR sensor based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) that can detect and count magnetite nanoparticles.
Factors affecting recent population decline and range contraction of the greater long-tailed hamster in China
Authors: Zhang Da , Wan Xinru , Bai Defeng , Wang Zhenyu , Guo Yongwang , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: March 2023

Context Over the past few decades, many mammalian species have experienced range shifts, due to either local extinction or expansion, under accelerating global climate change. However, the distinct effects and ecological mechanisms behind the anthropogenic and climate pressures on range shifts have not been fully studied. Aims Our aim was to examine the impacts of climate warming and human disturbance on the local disappearance probability and northwards range contraction at the southern distribution boundary of the greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton), a rodent pest, in northern China. The assessment was based on historical records from 1963 to 2018. Methods Logistic generalised additive models were used to quantify the association between local disappearance probability and environmental variables in the greater long-tailed hamsters. The air temperature threshold for local disappearance of the greater long-tailed hamsters (defined as the disappearance threshold) was estimated using the year following the last observation year. We also predicted changes in the distribution of the greater long-tailed hamsters under future warming scenarios. Key results The greater long-tailed hamster population has experienced notable population decline and range contraction along its southern boundary during the past 48 years. The probability of local disappearance is closely associated with climate warming (indexed by the annual air temperature), drought (indexed by annual precipitation), and human disturbance (indexed by the population density). The threshold of the yearly maximum temperature for local disappearance was 15.8 ± 3.87°C, and the average maximum temperature of the warmest months (from June to August) was 28.21 ± 2.71°C. Our projection model indicates that ongoing climate warming will cause more range contraction of the plain areas at the southern boundary of the greater long-tailed hamster distribution. Conclusions Over recent decades, rapid climate change and human disturbance have been associated with population decline and northwards range contraction of the southern boundary for the greater long-tailed hamster population in China. Implications Our study has significant implications for managing the damage done to farmland crops by this species, as well as the future conservation of this species in natural ecosystems.
Observation of large spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth
Authors: Fukumoto Naoki , Ohshima Ryo , Aoki Motomi , Fuseya Yuki , Matsushima Masayuki , Shigematsu Ei , Shinjo Teruya , Ando Yuichiro , Sakamoto Shoya , Shiga Masanobu , Miwa Shinji , Shiraishi Masashi 
Published: March 2023

While the effective
g
-factor can be anisotropic due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), its existence in solids cannot be simply asserted from a band structure, which hinders progress on studies from such viewpoints. The effective
g
-factor in bismuth (Bi) is largely anisotropic; especially for holes at
T
-point, the effective
g
-factor perpendicular to the trigonal axis is negligibly small (<0.112), whereas the effective
g
-factor along the trigonal axis is very large (62.7). We clarified in this work that the large anisotropy of effective
g
-factor gives rise to the large spin conversion anisotropy in Bi from experimental and theoretical approaches. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance was applied to estimate the spin conversion efficiency in rhombohedral (110) Bi to be 17 to 27%, which is unlike the negligibly small efficiency in Bi(111). Harmonic Hall measurements support the large spin conversion efficiency in Bi(110). A large spin conversion anisotropy as the clear manifestation of the anisotropy of the effective
g
-factor is observed. Beyond the emblematic case of Bi, our study unveiled the significance of the effective
g
-factor anisotropy in condensed-matter physics and can pave a pathway toward establishing novel spin physics under
g
-factor control.
An inquiry into the semantic transparency and productivity of German particle verbs and derivational affixation
Authors: Stupak Inna V. , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study addresses the relation between morphological productivity and semantic transparency. Using distributional semantics, we compare German word formation using particles with derivational word formation. We observed that derivational suffixes, but not particles, tend to make strong independent semantic contributions to their carrier words. In two-dimensional t-SNE maps, complex words show clustering by affix, but not by particle. Furthermore, the semantic vectors of suffixed words are predictable from their base words with higher accuracy than is possible for particle verbs. For particle verbs, but not affixed verbs, semantic similarity within the set of complex words correlated negatively with the number of types. Furthermore, only for particle verbs, a greater number of observed types predicted a reduced probability of observing unseen types. We propose that particle verbs primarily serve the onomasiological function of labeling, resulting in relatively idiosyncratic semantic vectors. By contrast, words sharing derivational affixes form distinct clusters in semantic space while maintaining strong and consistent semantic relations with their base words. This enables these words to serve not only as labels, but also allows them to be used with an anaphoric function in discourse.