bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different frequencies to estimate bone mineral content from raw bioelectrical impedance data in adolescent soccer players: a critical analysis
Authors: Cattem Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Koury Josely Correa 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSkeletal muscle mass, body cell mass, total body water (TBW), and bone mineral mass (BMC) are components of fat-free mass (FFM), which conducts electrical energy due to its high water and electrolyte content. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) has been used to predict FFM, and studies have explored its application for quantifying BMC, a subset of FFM. However, the accuracy of the BMC predicted using MF-BIA depends on the methodological rigor of the frequency selection. This study examined the relationships between BMC and raw MF-BIA data at different frequencies.MethodsThe MF-BIA (SECA 515®) device obtained raw bioelectrical data at 5, 50, and 500 kHz. BMC was quantified using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multiple linear regression models and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) were applied to evaluate whole-body and segmental BMC relationships.ResultsMale adolescent soccer players (n = 149; 15.6 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. Whole-body BMC (R2 = 0.522), and upper and lower limb BMC (R2 = 0.349) were best predicted at 5 kHz, while trunk BMC (R2 = 0.301) was best predicted at 50 kHz. BIVA revealed a leftward vector shift in participants with higher BMC quartiles. The calculated phase angle (PhA) was significantly higher in the highest BMC quartile for 5, 50, and 500 kHz in both upper and lower limbs (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThese findings indicate that MF-BIA could be a supplementary tool for studying BMC in adolescent athletes. However, its utility is constrained by prediction and interpretation errors, emphasizing the importance of careful frequency selection.
Decreased vitamin D increase the risk for subclinical hypothyroidism in individuals with T2DM: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fang Yaling , Wen Xin , You Hui , Huang Yueye , Qu Shen , Wang Xingchun , Bu Le 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundVitamin D is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. More studies have revealed its role in chronic diseases. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between thyroid function and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods730 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Among them, 118 subjects were classified as obese, while 613 were classified as non-obese. Thyroid and 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D) levels were measured. Patients were categorized into lower and higher VD groups based on the median. Thyroid function was compared between groups and their association was analyzed.ResultsBody mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were significantly lower in the higher VD group compared to the lower VD group (all p &lt; 0.05). In the higher VD group, free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly elevated (4.45 ± 0.93 vs. 4.95 ± 1.52 ng/mL, p &lt; 0.001), while total triiodothyronine (TT4) (104.84 ± 21.17 vs. 99.99 ± 23.64 ng/mL, p = 0.008) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (2.88 ± 7.03 vs. 2.06 ± 1.72 ng/mL, p = 0.046) levels were significantly reduced compared to the lower VD group. VD showed a significant negative correlation with BMI, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and FFA (r = −0.093, p = 0.016; r = −0.082, p = 0.036; r = −0.099, p = 0.011; r = −0.125, p = 0.001). FT3 and FT4 showed significant positive correlations with VD (r = 0.248, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.086, p = 0.025), while TT4 and TSH exhibited significant negative correlations (r = −0.103, p = 0.011; r = −0.080, p = 0.033). After adjusting for height, BMI, HGB, TCH, TG, FFA, and LDL, FT3 and FT4 remained significantly positively associated with VD (r = 0.227, p &lt; 0.001; r = 0.089, p = 0.030), while TT4 and TSH continued to show significant negative associations (r = 0.091, p = 0.033; r = −0.081, p = 0.049). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between VD and FT3 (β = 4.144, p &lt; 0.001) and negative associations with TT4 (β = −0.167, p &lt; 0.001) and TSH (β = −0.412, p = 0.020). Logistic regression analysis indicated that VD serves as a protective factor against subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.035), even after adjusting for BMI, FBG, FINS, TCH, and HDL (OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.974–0.999, p = 0.041). T2DM patients with SCH had lower 25(OH)D levels compared to those without SCH (46.45 ± 4.76 vs. 45.40 ± 5.84 ng/mL, p = 0.029).ConclusionThese results suggest a dual relationship between VD and thyroid function. T2DM patients with SCH exhibited reduced VD levels.
Characterizing the plasma protein binding profiles of chemistry diversified antisense oligonucleotides in human and mouse plasma using an ultrafiltration method
Authors: Yun Cassandra , Fukami Kazuki , Shinkyo Raku , Jiang Rongrong (Rosa) 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPlasma protein binding plays a significant role in influencing the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. This study focuses on examining two pairs of sequence-matched ASOs: phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) and 2’-O-methoxyethyl/phosphorothioate (MOE/PS)-modified ASOs, to assess their plasma protein binding profiles.MethodsThe binding of both PMO and MOE/PS-modified ASOs was investigated using an ultrafiltration method combined with hybridization electrochemiluminescence, allowing for the measurement of the unbound fraction (fu) in both mouse and human plasma. To further characterize the interaction between ASOs and plasma proteins, individual binding measurements were taken for five major proteins in human plasma: human serum albumin, α1-acid glycoprotein, human γ-globulin, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein.ResultsThe results showed a notable difference in plasma protein binding between the two types of ASOs, with MOE/PS-modified ASOs exhibiting significantly higher binding compared to PMOs. The fu, plasma values revealed no significant species difference between mouse and human plasma. Additionally, a saturation point for fu, plasma was observed in MOE/PS-modified ASOs at concentrations above 1 μM, whereas PMOs did not show saturation even at concentrations up to 10 μM. Notably, human γ-globulins were found to have a predominant binding affinity for both MOE/PS and PMO ASOs at physiological concentrations, surpassing human serum albumin, the most abundant plasma protein.DiscussionThe results suggest that the chemistries of the ASOs, particularly their modifications, are key determinants of their binding profiles. The study also highlights the important, though previously overlooked, role of human γ-globulins in the plasma protein binding of ASOs. This could have implications for understanding ASO distribution and tissue disposition, which may inform the development and optimization of ASO-based therapies.
Drivers of innovation value: simulation for new drug pricing evaluation based on system dynamics modelling
Authors: Xing Qian , Cheng Wendi , Wang Wei , Jin Chunlin , Wang Haiyin 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesPaying for the innovative value of drugs is an important means of mitigating healthcare system duplication and enhancing patient health. Assessing and exploiting the factors influencing innovation premium to forecast trends and shortcomings within the pharmaceutical innovation ecosystem.MethodsUtilizing system dynamics, this research constructs a decision evaluation system for new drug pricing in Japan. It integrates various decision-making factors across dimensions such as value premium, marketability premium, pediatric premium, and SAKIGAKE premium, employing Vensim PLE software for simulation purposes.ResultsUnder the current policy framework, pharmaceutical innovation is on the rise, with significant policy effects observable after 5 years. The most substantial growth in value occurs in medications for rare diseases and niche markets, with effects varying in the short to medium term and stabilizing over the long term. Sensitivity analysis highlights that factors like combination therapies, faster mechanisms of action, and novel therapeutic parts notably influence the value dimension. Other significant factors include obtaining national certifications, addressing indications lacking standard treatments, and demonstrating superior efficacy. The study also identifies underexploited opportunities related to the use of evidence in pricing decisions.ConclusionClinical outcomes are pivotal in shaping drug pricing, influencing both patient and healthcare provider preferences, and thereby affecting market uptake and competitive dynamics. Regulatory frameworks that prioritize unmet medical needs or superior drug efficacy are essential. Future enhancements to the model should incorporate more real-world evidence and expand regulatory considerations to better reflect the dynamic nature of the healthcare sector and support equitable, outcome-based drug pricing.
Development and pan-cancer validation of an epigenetics-based random survival forest model for prognosis prediction and drug response in OS
Authors: Yin Chaoyi , Chi Kede , Chen Zhiqing , Zhuang Shabin , Ye Yongsheng , Zhang Binshan , Cai Cailiang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) exhibits significant epigenetic heterogeneity, yet its systematic characterization and clinical implications remain largely unexplored.MethodsWe analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of five primary OS samples, identifying cell type-specific epigenetic features and their evolutionary trajectories. An epigenetics-based Random Survival Forest (RSF) model was constructed using 801 curated epigenetic factors and validated in multiple independent cohorts.ResultsOur analysis revealed distinct epigenetic states in the OS microenvironment, with particular activity in OS cells and osteoclasts. The RSF model identified key predictive genes including OLFML2B, ACTB, and C1QB, and demonstrated broad applicability across multiple cancer types. Risk stratification analysis revealed distinct therapeutic response patterns, with low-risk groups showing enhanced sensitivity to traditional chemotherapy drugs while high-risk groups responded better to targeted therapies.ConclusionOur epigenetics-based model demonstrates excellent prognostic accuracy (AUC&gt;0.997 in internal validation, 0.832–0.929 in external cohorts) and provides a practical tool for treatment stratification. These findings establish a clinically applicable framework for personalized therapy selection in OS patients.
Excess ventilation and chemosensitivity in patients with inefficient ventilation and chronic coronary syndrome or heart failure: a case–control study
Authors: Eser Prisca , Käesermann Dominic , Calamai Pietro , Kalberer Anja , Stütz Laura , Huber Sarina , Duffin James , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIn patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS), increased ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V̇E/V̇CO2) slope has been found to predict disease progression and mortality, similarly to patients with heart failure (HF); however, increased chemosensitivity, a well-established predictor for mortality in patients with HF, has rarely been assessed in patients with CCS.MethodPatients with CCS, HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF &lt; 50%), healthy controls (45+ years), and young healthy adults (&lt;35 years) were recruited. For patients, a V̇E/V̇CO2 slope ≥36 was an inclusion criterion. The Duffin rebreathing method was used to determine the resting end-expiratory partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2), ventilatory recruitment threshold (VRT), and slope (sensitivity) during a hyperoxic (150 mmHg O2) and hypoxic (50 mmHg O2) rebreathing test to determine the central and peripheral chemosensitivity.ResultsIn patients with CCS, HF, controls, and young healthy adults, median V̇E/V̇CO2 slopes were 40.2, 41.3, 30.5, and 28.0, respectively. Both patient groups had similarly reduced hyperoxic VRT (at PETCO2 42.1 and 43.2 mmHg) compared to 46.0 and 48.8 mmHg in the control and young healthy adults. Neither hypoxic VRT nor hyper- or hypoxic slopes were significantly different in patients compared to controls. Both patient groups had lower resting PETCO2 than controls, but only patients with HF had increased breathing frequency and rapid shallow breathing at rest.ConclusionIn patients with HF and/or CCS and excess ventilation, central chemoreflex VRT was reduced independently of the presence of HF. Low VRTs were related to resting excess ventilation in patients with CCS or HF; however, rapid shallow breathing at peak exercise was present only in patients with HF.Clinical trial registration numberNCT05057884.
A mixed methods exploration of self-presentation, authenticity, and role model function on Instagram: perspectives from female influencers in Germany
Authors: Zimmermann Daniel , Schneider Colleen , Kaspar Kai 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSocial media influencers focussing on beauty, fashion, and fitness topics (BFFI) are important opinion leaders on Instagram. Nevertheless, they are criticized for their potential negative influence on their followers' physical and mental health due to their potentially biased self-presentation. Previous research has mainly focused on followers' perceptions of influencers' self-presentation, leaving a gap regarding the influencers' views.MethodThe present survey included 26 female BFFIs from Germany (18–35 years old), with 16 self-reported micro-influencers (10,000–100,000 followers) and ten macro-influencers (&gt;100,000 followers), representing (semi-)professionals in this domain. 17 influencers saw their main focus in the field of fitness, 16 in fashion, and 13 in beauty. The survey included demographic information, open-ended questions, established and self-developed rating scales, and a social desirability assessment to examine the BFFIs' perceptions of their goals, self-presentation, and role model function. Quantitative data was examined via inter-correlation matrix and ANOVA, and qualitative data was analyzed via an established approach for qualitative content analysis.ResultsInfluencers pursue mostly self-realization (50% of participants gave at least one related answer) and commercial goals (50%). While they generally perceive their self-presentation as authentic (84.6%) and positive (76.9%), they still see room for improvement in content creation (61.5%) and self-presentation (30.8%). Fear of negative feedback, absence of positivity and motivation, wrong cooperation partners (30.8% each) and insecurity (23.1%), among others, may lead to a less authentic self-presentation and use of picture editing. The tendency toward socially desirable responses (impression management) is negatively connected to the reported frequency of image editing tools used and attempts to appear authentic. Influencers reported several examples of responsible and irresponsible behaviors and strategies to avoid negative effects on their followers. The type of influencer (micro or macro level) showed a significant effect on the importance attributed to one's own role as an influencer.DiscussionThe complex findings suggest potential conflicts between the influencers' goals and the expectations of followers and cooperation partners. Influencers find themselves in a dual role as users and producers. This results in concrete behavioral challenges for them, but also in implications for established theories of media use.
Mobile Toolbox sequences task: development and validation of a remote, smartphone-based working memory test
Authors: Slotkin Jerry , Kaat Aaron J. , Young Stephanie Ruth , Dworak Elizabeth M. , Novack Miriam A. , Shono Yusuke , Adam Hubert , Nowinski Cindy J. , Pila Sarah , Hosseinian Zahra , Varela Diaz Maria , Almonte-Correa Anyelo , Alperin Keith , Camacho Monica R. , Landavazo Bernard , Nosheny Rachel L. , Weiner Michael W. , Gershon Richard C. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe ability to assess cognitive skills remotely is increasing with the widespread use and availability of smartphones. The Mobile Toolbox (MTB) is a measurement system that includes Sequences, a new measure of working memory designed specifically for smartphones. This study describes the development of Sequences and presents the studies conducted to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsWe developed a new measure of working memory that can be self-administered remotely using an iOS or Android smartphone. In Sequences, a series of numbers and letters are shown on the screen one at a time, and the participant must first tap the letters they see in alphabetical order, followed by tapping the numbers in ascending numerical order. The Sequences measure was evaluated for usability and feasibility across two pilot studies and then assessed in this validation study (which included a total sample size of N = 1,246). Psychometric properties of the new measure were evaluated in three studies involving participants aged 18–90 years. In Study 1 (N = 92), participants completed MTB measures in a laboratory setting. They were also administered both an equivalent NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) measure along with external measures of similar constructs. In Study 2 (N = 1,007), participants were administered NIHTB measures in the laboratory and then completed MTB measures remotely on their own devices. In Study 3 (N = 147), participants completed MTB measures twice, remotely on their own devices, with a 2–week interval between sessions.ResultsSequences exhibited moderately high correlations with a comparable NIHTB test and external measures of a similar construct, while exhibiting a lower correlation with an unrelated test, as hypothesized. Internal consistency was high, but test-retest reliability was moderate. When controlling for age, phone operating system (iOS vs. Android) and sex assigned at birth did not significantly impact performance; however, there was a significant difference between individuals who completed college and those with a high school education or lower.ConclusionThe results support the validity of Sequences as a measure of working memory for remote self-administered use. The internal consistency was strong, with moderate test-retest reliability that is likely a function of the test's unproctored self-administration method. The findings suggest that Sequences is appropriate for use with adults aged 18–90 years in remote self-administered designs that focus on group results.
Enhancing wellbeing among pre-service teachers through a mindfulness-based social and emotional learning curriculum: a quasi-experimental study in China
Authors: Wu Yunpeng , Qin Liping 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIntegrating mindfulness practices and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) into teacher education can significantly enhance educators’ wellbeing, resilience, and effectiveness. However, the cultural specificity of such interventions, particularly in the Chinese educational context, requires careful adaptation and examination.ObjectiveThis study aims to design, implement, and evaluate a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum for Chinese pre-service teachers. It investigates the program’s effectiveness in improving mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction, contributing to the literature on integrating mindfulness and SEL in teacher education within a specific cultural setting.MethodsEmploying a quasi-experimental design, the study involved a sample of 41 Chinese pre-service teachers divided into an experimental group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 19). The MBSEL program’s impact on participants’ mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction was assessed using pre- and post-intervention measures.ResultsThe results of repeated measures analyses of variance indicated significant improvements in mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among participants in the experimental group compared to the control group. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the culturally adapted MBSEL program in enhancing key aspects of pre-service teachers’ wellbeing and professional readiness.DiscussionThe study demonstrates that a culturally adapted MBSEL curriculum effectively enhances mindfulness, self-compassion, and life satisfaction among Chinese pre-service teachers. This emphasizes the necessity of cultural sensitivity in developing mindfulness and SEL interventions for teacher education. Moreover, the success of the MBSEL program suggests its potential for global integration, urging policymakers and educators to prioritize culturally tailored approaches to enhance teacher wellbeing and educational outcomes.
Development of the children's primitive reflex integration assessment scale
Authors: Wang Meng , Yu Jing , Li Hongyao , Zhao Chongran , Li Yichao , Yang Xinyue 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveNon-integrated primitive reflexes (PRs) in children can lead to issues in motor function and psychological wellbeing, while prior studies have shown correlations between PR integration and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. However, measurement methods for PR integration remain unestablished. Therefore, in the present study, we describe the development of a measurement scale for PR integration, a novel assessment tool to evaluate PR integration in children.MethodsCombining a literature review, practical experience, and results of specialized group discussions, a preliminary draft of the Children's Primitive Reflex Integration Measurement Scale (CPRIMS) was formulated. Employing a convenience sampling method, participants were selected from first and second-grade students in three primary schools in Liaoning province, Shenyang city, from May to July 2023. Item Discrimination Method (IDM), Critical Ratio Method (CRM), and Internal Consistency Coefficient Method (ICCM) were used for item analysis of pilot testing data. For formal testing data, Cronbach's α assessed the reliability of the scale, while fit indices such as chi-square value/degrees of freedom (χ2/df), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI), along with tests of construct validity, evaluated the scale's validity.ResultsOverall, 555 participants were selected, 234 children with a mean age of 7.59 ± 0.71 years participated in the pilot testing, while 321 children with a mean age of 7.73 ± 0.71 years participated in the formal testing. CPRIMS comprises seven dimensions and seventeen items, including the Moro reflex (MR), Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (STNR), Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR), Spinal Galant Reflex (SGR), Spinal Perez Reflex (SPR), and Landau Reflex (LR), explaining 88.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit (χ2/df = 1.631, RMSEA = 0.044, NFI = 0.950, CFI = 0.980, IFI = 0.932, TLI = 0.972). Cronbach's α coefficients for the seven dimensions ranged from 0.730 to 0.945, demonstrating strong reliability.ConclusionCPRIMS, which includes dimensions such as MR, ATNR, STNR, TLR, SGR, SPR, and LR, demonstrates strong reliability and validity, indicating that this measure could serve as a reliable and effective tool for assessing the integration levels of PRs in children aged 6 to 9 years old.