bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joseph E. Murray’s Struggle to Transplant Kidneys: Failure, Individuality, and Plastic Surgery, 1950-1965
Authors: Park Hyung Wook 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper offers a historical analysis of the American plastic surgeon and Nobel laureate Joseph E. Murray’s kidney transplantation. After succeeding in the first kidney transplantation between monozygotic twins in 1954, he transplanted kidneys between genetically distinct people after X-radiation and immunosuppressants. Amid these achievements, however, Murray encountered numerous failures, which he thought were closely intertwined with each patient’s physiological and pathological individuality. As he appropriated his expertise in plastic surgery for kidney transplantation, this individuality became a major issue that he had to cope with in his efforts to avoid failures. To him, kidney transplantation could fail because of each individual’s immunological barrier or constitutional singularity that could engender unexpected complications. Although he could neither explain nor control many of these failures, I argue that his unsuccessful work and patient individuality played multiple roles in shaping his operations as a plastic surgeon. They structured the path of his surgical research, made sense of it, defended him from criticism, and formed the way that he presented the results of his work with an immunological implication. Consequently, Murray, with little scientific training, articulated an important dimension of immunological tolerance relevant to clinical settings.
“A Much Wider Field in Which to Operate”: Early Black Women Physicians in Public Health
Authors: Vigil-Fowler Margaret , Desai Sukumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a profession shaped by Whiteness and masculinity, the few Black women physicians who earned medical degrees prior to the Second World War found some of their rare professional opportunities in public health. Though their choices were often constrained by racism and sexism, they embraced public health work as a means of carrying out their “mission” in marginalized communities and as a way of practicing medicine with a more expansive definition than treating individual patients or illnesses. Black women physicians shaped public health by creating unique programming to meet the needs of the communities they served, including mobile health clinics and community health weeks. The first Black women physicians who worked in public health in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries applied the new tool of public health “vital” statistics to Black lives and questioned the limits of their utility when created by White practitioners with racial biases. In the 1930s, some Black women physicians began earning some of the first master’s degrees in public health, just as the field was beginning to professionalize. Throughout the twentieth century, Black women physicians pioneered community health programming and, though born from exclusionary policies that limited where they could practice, experimented with alternative clinical spaces, even as the hospital and laboratory became the primary sites of medicine for White clinicians. By embracing public health, Black women physicians shaped the field and used it as a tool to address racial health disparities in the communities they served, acting on their belief that Black health could be improved, thereby contesting notions of biological inferiority.
Secular-Religious Dynamics and their Effect on Humanitarian Norms Compliance
Authors: Wilkinson Olivia , Tomalin Emma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a more nuanced examination of the powerful forces that play a role in shaping the view shared by many international humanitarians that religions have a predominantly negative influence. First, we examine the role of secularist underpinnings of humanitarian discourse in shaping secular-religious dynamics in the humanitarian sphere, and the intersection of this with other forces of power. We argue that analyses of secular-religious dynamics are essential to understanding the roles of and attitudes towards faith actors in humanitarian norms compliance as well as the actions and reactions of faith and humanitarian actors. Theoretically, we ground the article in an analysis of secular perspectives towards impartiality and neutrality, the observation of which is meant to secure humanitarian space. Interrogating secular perspectives on humanitarian action helps demonstrate how impartiality and neutrality can be used as reasons to avoid engagement with faith actors. A secular approach to humanitarian action tolerates religion with boundary-creation around what is permitted from faith actors, applying a reductive ‘good’/‘bad’ binary. We then examine the experiences of local faith actors (LFAs) in South Sudan in interaction with international humanitarians with respect to humanitarian principles. These examples demonstrate how LFAs comply with humanitarian principles and view this as part and parcel of their commitment to the values of their faith tradition. They also show how LFAs create space for humanitarian norms compliance of other actors through their peacebuilding work and have been relied upon to access parts of the country that are inaccessible to international humanitarians due to safety concerns.
Discovery selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to control Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Cao Yang , Lai Bin , Liu Yongshuai , Li Chao , Bu Chunya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, has a broad host plant range and presents an extreme capacity for developing pesticide resistance, becoming a major economic pest in agriculture. Anticholinesterase insecticides still account for a big part of global insecticide sales. However, there is a growing concern about the serious resistance problems of anticholinesterase insecticides and their nontarget toxicity. In this study, structure-based virtual screening was performed to discover selective AChE inhibitors from the ChemBridge database, and 39 potential species-specific AChE inhibitor were obtained targeting T. urticae AChE, but not human AChE. Among them, compound No. 8 inhibited AChE from T. urticae, but not from human, and had an inhibitory activity comparable to that of eserine. Compound No. 8 had dose-dependent toxicity to T. urticae in glass slide-dipping assay and had significant mite control effects in a pot experiment, but required a high concentration to achieve similar control effects to spirodiclofen. The toxicity evaluation suggested that compound No. 8 had no acute toxicity on pollinator honey bees and natural predator N. californicus and did not affect strawberry growth in our assay. Compound No. 8 is a potential lead compound for developing novel acaricides with reduced nontarget toxicity.
A Truncated Mixture Transition Model for Interval-Valued Time Series
Authors: Luo Yun , González-Rivera Gloria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose a model for interval-valued time series that specifies the conditional joint distribution of the upper and lower bounds as a mixture of truncated bivariate normal distributions. It preserves the interval natural order and provides great flexibility on capturing potential conditional heteroscedasticity and non-Gaussian features. The standard expectation maximization (EM) algorithm applied to truncated mixtures does not provide a closed-form solution in the M step. A new EM algorithm solves this problem. The model applied to the interval-valued IBM daily stock returns exhibits superior performance over competing models in-sample and out-of-sample evaluation. A trading strategy showcases the usefulness of our approach.
Retrospective Observational Assessment of the Impact of Cefepime Prophylaxis in Neutropenic Pediatric Patients With Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Almatrafi Mohammed A , Dassner Aimee M , Aquino Victor , Slone Tamra , Sebert Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The potential for cefepime prophylaxis to reduce bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has been incompletely characterized.

Methods
A retrospective quasi-experimental study of patients under 21 years of age admitted with AML from 2010 through 2018 at two affiliated pediatric tertiary-care hospitals before and after the adoption of routine cefepime prophylaxis for afebrile AML patients during profound neutropenia.

Results
The rate of BSIs per 1000 neutropenia days was significantly lower in the prophylaxis group than the baseline group (2.6 vs 15.5, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.17, 95% CI 0.09–0.32). Interrupted time-series analysis showed that a sharp reduction in BSIs coincided with the implementation of prophylaxis. Bacteremia with viridans group streptococci was frequent in the baseline group but not observed after adopting prophylaxis. Despite the increased use of cefepime, the rate of cefepime-nonsusceptible BSIs per 1000 neutropenia days decreased (1.6 vs 4.1, IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.99). The median number of febrile neutropenia episodes per patient also decreased in the prophylaxis group, as did the proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (22/51 (43.1%) vs 26/38 (68.4%); risk difference −25.3%, 95% CI −44.4 to −2.8). A trend was observed toward an increased proportion of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection in the prophylaxis group (10/51 (19.6%) vs 3/38 (7.9%); risk difference 11.7%, 95% CI −3.4 to 29.0).

Conclusions
Cefepime prophylaxis was associated with a significant reduction in BSIs, febrile neutropenia, and ICU admission among pediatric AML patients.
Immediate, Short-term, Medium-term, and Long-term effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kwan Yu Kai , Lau Ying , Ang Wen Wei , Lau Siew Tiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is increasingly being studied as a treatment for smoking cessation. However, its immediate, short-, and long-term effects have rarely been reviewed.MethodsThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of immediate, short-, medium-, and long-term smoking cessation rates in ACT and comparators at less than 3-month, 3 to 4-month, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in eight databases until April 20, 2023. We assessed the quality of RCTs and the certainty of evidence of outcomes.ResultsNineteen RCTs involving 7885 smokers across six countries were included. The majority (72.81%) of RCTs were graded as low risk across six domains. For complete-case outcomes, meta-analyses were conducted, and the results revealed a significant effect in favor of ACT [risk ratio: 1.70–1.80 at &lt;3-month, 3 to 4-month, and 6 months follow-up] compared with comparators. For outcomes using missing data management, meta-analyses found an overall effect in favor of ACT, but a significant effect was found at 3 to 4-months only. However, 12-month follow-ups revealed no significant reduction in smoking cessation for both outcomes. Moderate and substantial heterogeneities were found among four meta-analyses that may lead to inaccurate estimates of effects. The certainty of evidence of all outcomes was rated as low and very low.ConclusionACT may be an effective intervention for smoking cessation with immediate, short-term, and medium-term effects. Caution must be applied in the interpretation of the results due to the limited trials and low certainty of evidence.ImplicationACT can be implemented adjuvant to the usual treatment for smoking cessation. Additional RCTs with follow-up data using biochemically verified measures in non-US countries are warranted.
Quantification of needle angles for lumbar medial branch denervation targeting the posterior half of the superior articular process: an osteological study
Authors: Tran John , Campisi Emma S , Agur Anne M R , Loh Eldon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Lumbar medial branch radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common intervention to manage chronic axial low back pain originating from the facet joints. A more parasagittal approach targeting the posterior half of the lateral neck of superior articular process (SAP) was previously proposed. However, specific needle angles to achieve parallel placement at this target site have not been investigated.

Objective
To quantify and compare the needle angles, on posterior and lateral views, to achieve parallel placement of electrodes along the medial branch at the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP at each lumbar vertebral level (L1–L5) and sacrum.

Design
Osteological Study

Methods
Twelve disarticulated lumbosacral spines (n = 72 individual bones) were used in this study. Needles were placed along the periosteum of the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP, bilaterally and photographed. Mean needle angles for each vertebral level (L1–L5) and sacrum were quantified, and statistical differences were analyzed.

Results
The posterior view provided the degrees of lateral displacement from the parasagittal plane (abduction angle), while the lateral view provided the degrees of declination (cranial-to-caudal angle) of the needle. Mean needle angles at each level varied, ranging from 5.63 ± 5.76° to 14.50 ± 14.24° (abduction angle, posterior view) and 40.17 ± 7.32° to 64.10 ± 9.73° (cranial-to-caudal angle, lateral view). In posterior view, a &lt; 10-degree needle angle interval was most frequently identified (57.0% of needle placements). In lateral view, the 40–50-degree (L1–L2), 50–60-degree (L3–L5), and 60–70-degree (sacrum) needle angle intervals occurred most frequently (54.2%, 50.0%, and 41.7% of needle placements, respectively).

Conclusions
Targeting the posterior half of the lateral neck of SAP required &lt;10-degree angulation from parasagittal plane in majority of cases. However, variability of needle angles suggests a standard “one-size-fits-all” approach may not be the optimal technique.
Configuration-independent thermal invariants under flow reversal in thin vascular systems
Authors: Nakshatrala Kalyana B , Adhikari Kripa , Kumar Sandeep Rajendra , Patrick Jason F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Modulating temperature fields is indispensable for advancing modern technologies: space probes, electronic packing, and implantable medical devices, to name a few. Bio-inspired thermal regulation achieved via fluid flow within a network of embedded vesicles is notably desirable for slender synthetic material systems. This far-reaching study—availing theory, numerics, and experiments—reveals a counter-intuitive yet fundamental property of vascular-based fluid-flow-engendered thermal regulation. For such thin systems, the mean surface temperature and the outlet temperature—consequently, the heat extracted by the flowing fluid (coolant)—are invariant under flow reversal (i.e. swapping the inlet and outlet). Despite markedly different temperature fields under flow reversal, our newfound invariance—a discovery—holds for anisotropic thermal conductivity, any inlet and ambient temperatures, transient and steady-state responses, irregular domains, and arbitrary internal vascular topologies, including those with branching. The reported configuration-independent result benefits thermal regulation designers. For instance, the flexibility in the coolant’s inlet location eases coordination challenges between electronics and various delivery systems in microfluidic devices without compromising performance (e.g. soft implantable coolers for pain management). Last but not least, the invariance offers an innovative way to verify computer codes, especially when analytical solutions are unavailable for intricate domain and vascular configurations.
Beef embryos in dairy cows: calfhood growth of Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams
Authors: Fuerniss Luke K , Young J Daniel , Hall Jerica R , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Benitez Oscar J , Corah Larry R , Rathmann Ryan J , Johnson Bradley J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Improved reproductive management has allowed dairy cow pregnancies to be optimized for beef production. The objective of this sire-controlled study was to characterize the effects of beef or dairy maternal genetics and the dairy management system on calf growth. Pregnancies were created with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dam breed (Holstein or Jersey) and mating type (artificial insemination or implantation of an in vitro produced embryo from a commercial beef cow oocyte). Resulting calves were reared in a calf ranch. Additionally, commercial beef cows were inseminated and reared resulting calves on range. Therefore, the five treatments were Angus × Holstein (A × H; n = 19), Angus × Jersey (A × J; n = 22), Angus × beef gestated by Holstein (H ET; n = 18), Angus × beef gestated by Jersey (J ET; n = 8), and Angus × beef raised by beef (A × B; n = 20). Beginning at birth, calf body weight, cannon circumference, forearm circumference, top width, hip width, and hip height were measured approximately every 28 d until ~196 d of age. At birth, A × J calves weighed the least (P &lt; 0.01). At 150 d of age, body weight was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) among A × B calves, intermediate among H ET and A × H calves, and least among J ET and A × J calves (P &lt; 0.05). Morphometric differences were detected between treatments (multivariate analysis of variance, P &lt; 0.01). Primary discriminant function scores identified A × B calves having lesser values than A × J or A × H calves (analysis of variance [ANOVA], P &lt; 0.01); A × B calves had greater cannon circumference, greater top width, and less hip height (standardized loadings of −0.47, −0.48, and 0.63, respectively). Secondary discriminant function scores identified J ET and H ET to have greater forearm circumference—a key indicator of muscling—than A × J or A × H (ANOVA, P &lt; 0.01; standardized loading of 0.99). The dairy management system limited growth rate of beef genetics compared to the beef management system. In addition, Holstein dams transmitted greater growth potential than Jersey dams. Replacing maternal dairy genetics with beef genetics moderated frame size and created a more muscular phenotype.
Effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations over the Chacoan fauna: phylogeographic patterns in the southern three-banded armadilloTolypeutes matacus(Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae)
Authors: Ferreiro Alejandro Manuel , Pinotti Juan Diego , Poljak Sebastián , Soibelzon Esteban , Chiappero Marina B 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe southern three-banded armadillo, Tolypeutes matacus, is one of the most representative species of the South American Chaco region. The susceptibility of this species to climatic changes and its good number of paleontological records has led to the study of their range dynamics for untangling the effects of Quaternary oscillations. These studies yielded contradictory results, suggesting expansion processes under opposite conditions: some during glacial periods and others during interglacial periods. Here, we assess the population structure of T. matacus in Argentina based on mitochondrial genes, and estimate demographic and spatial dynamics that contribute to unveiling the evolutionary process that moulded its biogeography. We found no clear phylogeographical breaks, although there were differences in the composition and frequency of haplotypes between the northern and southern localities studied. Demographic inferences indicate that the species has undergone population and range expansion processes. The higher diversity found in the north and the spatial diffusion analysis allow us to infer a north–south direction of this expansive process. Our results yield essential evidence for disentangling the evolution of this Chacoan species linked with Quaternary climates and provide genetic information about its populations that should be taken into account for the conservation of this threatened mammal.
Development of a Standardized Soybean Cyst Nematode Screening Assay in Pennycress and Identification of Resistant Germplasm
Authors: Basnet Pawan , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Dhital Bishnu , Nguyen Alice , Gillman Jason D. , Joshi Trupti , Mitchum Melissa G. , Scaboo Andrew M. 
Published: August 2023

The prospect of incorporating pennycress as an oilseed cover crop in the Midwest’s corn-soybean rotation system has drawn researcher and farmer attention. The inclusion of pennycress will be beneficial as it provides an excellent soil cover to reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching while serving as an additional source for oilseed production and income. However, pennycress is an alternative host for soybean cyst nematode (SCN), which is a major biological threat to soybean that needs to be addressed for sustainable pennycress adoption into our current production systems. To develop a standardized SCN resistance screening strategy in pennycress, we tested and optimized five parameters: (i) germination stimulants, (ii) inoculation timing, (iii) inoculation rate, (iv) experimental incubation time, and (v) susceptible checks. The standardized SCN resistance screening protocol includes the following: (i) treating pennycress seeds with gibberellic acid for 24 h, (ii) transplanting seedlings 12 to 15 days after initiating germination and inoculating 10 to 12 days after transplantation, (iii) inoculating at a rate of 1,500 eggs/100 cc soil (1,500 eggs per plant), (iv) processing roots at 30 days after inoculation, and (v) using susceptible pennycress accession Ames 32869 to calculate the female index. The standardized protocol was used to quantify the response of a diverse set of pennycress accessions for response against SCN HG type 1.2.5.7 and HG type 7. While there were no highly resistant pennycress lines identified, 15 were rated as moderately resistant to HG type 1.2.5.7, and eight were rated moderately resistant to HG type 7. The resistant lines identified in this study could be utilized to develop SCN-resistant pennycress cultivars. The study also opens a new avenue for research to understand SCN-pennycress interactions through molecular and genomic studies. This knowledge could aid in the successful inclusion of pennycress as a beneficial cover/oilseed crop in the United States Midwest. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Bartonella henselae Infection With Concurrent Latent Syphilis in a Patient With Unexplained Generalized Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Gui Shannon Ying , Mourad Omar , Kapoor Andrew 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Unexplained lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. It has a wide differential diagnosis including infectious, malignant, lymphoproliferative, and autoimmune causes. We describe an unusual case of generalized lymphadenopathy in the setting of initial seropositivity for syphilis but a lack of response to appropriate treatment. Bartonella henselae serology was sent, given specific exposure history, and returned as positive and, with the development of ocular symptoms consistent with ocular bartonellosis, solidified a diagnosis of cat scratch disease with concurrent latent syphilis. In many cases where the etiology is not immediately evident or there exist conflicting diagnostic testing results, clinicians should identify the relevant infectious workup based on a systematic approach to history-taking to balance the risk of missing diagnoses and overdiagnosis.