bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaky dams augment afforestation to mitigate catchment scale flooding
Authors: Barnes Mhari S. , Bathurst James C. , Lewis Elizabeth , Quinn Paul F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite calls for large‐scale afforestation to alleviate flooding, the effectiveness of such action remains unclear. Simulations with the SHETRAN hydrological model are therefore carried out for the 335‐km2 Irthing catchment and its 1‐10‐km2 headwater catchments in northwest England to determine: (a) whether forests can reduce flood peak discharges in a large catchment; (b) the proportion of the catchment that requires afforestation to be effective; and (c) the extent to which a combination of afforestation and natural flood management features (leaky dams) improves upon afforestation on its own. Four‐year simulations were run with a range of forest covers and extents of leaky dam installation, the latter modelled as a channel hydraulic resistance. Hydrograph, flood frequency and peak discharge magnitude responses to forest cover simulated (and observed) in the headwater catchments are replicated in simulations at the full scale. Afforestation on its own can reduce the frequency of given flood magnitudes but has a variable impact on individual peak discharge magnitudes. For the Irthing, a 76% forest cover reduces the mean discharge of 20 peaks in a partial duration flood series by 10% relative to the current 21% forest cover but reduces the largest peak by only 2.5%. Accompanying adverse effects include 17.5% reduction in long‐term runoff and loss of agricultural land. By contrast, leaky dams mitigate flood frequencies and peak discharges effectively, over a range of discharge magnitudes, with no reduction of annual runoff. The dam installation required for a 10% mean peak discharge reduction reduces the largest peak by 22%. The flow resistance increases by which the dams are simulated have still to be translated into specific dam designs. Nevertheless, and considering the figures indicatively, dam installation in 20% of the Irthing streams with Strahler orders of 1–3 achieves a 10% peak discharge reduction with only 35% forest cover and 7.5% runoff reduction. The study illustrates the potential for a dense network of leaky dams to augment the impact of afforestation on flood mitigation, especially at the largest discharges, while minimizing adverse impacts on water resources and food security.
Abnormal uterine bleeding in a 2‐month‐old infant: Workup, instrumentation, and endoscopic management—A case report
Authors: Zamarripa Leyva Jose Manuel , Kway Venance Basil , Zamora Zamora Karla Yatzareth , Jimenez Esquivel Rosa Margarita , Ling Garcia Jose Pablo , Martinez Martinez Raul , Gomez Hernandez Nadia Judith , Martinez Trejo Zulema , Gonzalez Garcia Grecia Krystel , Mendoza Huerta Manuel 
Published: June 2023

SynopsisA case report of a 2‐month‐old patient with severe abnormal uterine bleeding and vascular neoplastic malformation who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic and vessel embolization therapy.
The gendered health consequences of persistent exposure to short sleep duration during adolescence
Authors: Park Gum‐Ryeong , Kim Jinho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite evidence that sleep duration is associated with adolescent health, there remain several gaps in the literature. Little is known about: (1) the extent to which persistent exposure to short sleep duration is associated with adolescent health and (2) whether this association varies by gender.MethodsUsing six waves of longitudinal data from the 2011–2016 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (N = 6147), this study examined whether persistent exposure to short sleep duration is related to two adolescent health outcomes (overweight status and self‐rated health). Fixed effects models were estimated to account for individual‐level heterogeneity.ResultsShort sleep duration was associated with being overweight and self‐rated health in different ways for boys and girls. Gender‐stratified analysis suggests that, for girls, the risk of being overweight increased for 5 years in a row as short sleep duration persisted. Prolonged short sleep duration also resulted in a continued decline in girls' self‐rated health. For boys, persistent exposure to short sleep duration predicted a lower likelihood of being overweight up to the fourth year, but then began to recover. No association between persistent exposure to short sleep duration and self‐rated health was observed for boys.ConclusionPersistent exposure to short sleep duration was found to be more harmful to the health of girls than boys. Promoting longer sleep duration during adolescence may be an effective intervention to improve adolescent health, especially for girls.
How Latiné engineering students resist White male engineering culture: A multi‐institution analysis of academic engagement
Authors: Garriott Patton O. , Carrero Pinedo Ayli , Hunt Heather K. , Navarro Rachel L. , Flores Lisa Y. , Desjarlais Cerynn D. , Diaz David , Brionez Julio , Lee Bo Hyun , Ayala Evelyn , Martinez Leticia D. , Hu Xiaotian , Smith Megan K. , Suh Han Na , McGillen Gloria G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough participation rates vary by field, Latiné and women engineers continue to be underrepresented across most segments of the engineering workforce. Research has examined engagement and persistence of Latiné and White women in engineering; however, few studies have investigated how race, ethnicity, gender, and institutional setting interact to produce inequities in the field.PurposeTo address these limitations, we examined how Latina, Latino, and White women and men students' engagement in engineering was informed by their intersecting identities and within their institutional setting over the course of a year.MethodWe interviewed 32 Latina, Latino, and White women and men undergraduate engineering students attending 11 different predominantly White and Hispanic Serving Institutions. Thematic analysis was used to interpret themes from the data.ResultsOur findings illustrate how Latinas, Latinos, and White women developed a strong engineering identity, which was critical to their engagement in engineering. Students' engineering identity was grounded in their perceived fit within engineering culture, sense of purpose for pursuing their degree, and resistance to the dominance of White male culture in engineering. Latinas described unique forms of gendered, racialized marginalization in engineering, whereas Latinas and Latinos highlighted prosocial motivations for completing their degree.ConclusionsFindings suggest that institutional cultures, norms, and missions are critical to broadening participation of Latinas, Latinos, and White women in engineering. Disrupting White male culture, leveraging Latiné students' cultural wealth, and counter‐framing traditional recruitment pitches for engineering appear to be key in these efforts.
Taxonomical, functional, and cytopathological characterization of Bacillus spp. from Lake Magadi, Kenya, against Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Phaseolus vulgaris L
Authors: Wekesa Tofick B. , Wafula Eliud N. , Kavesu Ndinda , Sangura Robert M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA decline in common bean production and the ineffectiveness of synthetic chemical products in managing plant pathogens has led to exploiting Kenyan soda lakes as an alternative search for biocontrol agents. This study aimed to identify phylogenetically Bacillus spp. from Lake Magadi and their antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit sequences of six bacterial strains isolated from Lake Magadi showed diversity similar to the Bacillus genus; Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus pumilus. In vitro, antagonism showed varied mycelium inhibition rates of fungi in the coculture method. Enzymatic assays showed the varied ability of isolates to produce phosphatase, pectinase, chitinase, protease, indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), and hydrogen cyanide (HCD). The in vivo assay showed M09 (B. velezensis) with the lowest root mortality and incidence of postemergence wilt. Pre‐emergence wilt incidence was recorded as lowest in M10 (B. subtilis). Isolate M10 had the highest phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) for defense enzymes, while polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase were recorded as highest in M09. For the phenolic content, M10 recorded the highest phenolic content. In conclusion, Lake Magadi harbors Bacillus spp, which can be used as a potential biocontrol of R. solani.
Influence of B‐site cation in lattice dynamics of bilayered Ruddlesden–Popper Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) compounds
Authors: Saini Neenu , Jindal Ruby , Tripathi Archana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Raman and infrared (IR) wavenumbers for the Ruddlesden–Popper Srn + 1BnO3n + 1 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) bilayered tetragonal compounds with n = 2 of symmetry
and phase I4/mmm (Z = 2) have been analyzed with Wilson's GF matrix method. Theoretical assignments for the optical wavenumbers have been reported for the first time for the bilayered tetragonal Sr3Zr2O7, Sr3Mo2O7, Sr3Sn2O7, and Sr3Hf2O7 compounds in phase I4/mmm with the use of 10 short‐range force constants. Using the available data of the isostructural compounds Sr3Ti2O7, Sr3Mn2O7, and Sr3Fe2O7, we have tried to calculate the vibrational modes of the Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) compounds in phase I4/mmm by the comparative method. Also, we have compared all these Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) compounds together in terms of wavenumbers and force constants. The appropriate optical vibrational modes have been assigned to the bilayered tetragonal Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) compounds in phase I4/mmm. The impact of cation‐B (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) exchange on the lattice dynamics of the tetragonal bilayered Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) isostructural compounds has been analyzed by comparison of the zone center vibrational modes, force constants, and bond lengths. To understand the structure more clearly, an attempt is also made to analyze the effect of B‐cations on the affected apical bonds. It was observed that the B‐site substitutions have the least influence on the Sr layer and the equatorial bonds of octahedra; meanwhile, the outer apical bonds of the octahedra have shown the maximum impact. For each normal mode of the bilayered tetragonal Sr3B2O7 (B = Zr, Mo, Sn, Hf) Ruddlesden–Popper phase, the potential energy distribution (PED) has been analyzed for the noteworthy effects of short‐range force constants on calculated wavenumbers.
Manipulation of protein structure and bonding pattern to improve the gelling and textural quality of surimi gels from silver carp: incorporation of mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel extract
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev , Majumdar Ranendra Kumar , Mehta Naresh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis investigation focused on the use of mosambi peel extract (MPE) fortification (at 0% to 1.50%, w/w) in silver carp surimi to improve the gelling, textural, and other physicochemical properties of the surimi.RESULTSThe peels were extracted in ethanol (40–100% concentrations, v/v) and water. It was found that 100% ethanol had significantly (P < 0.05) higher yield and total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. The fortification of MPE at optimum level (0.75%) improved the breaking force (55.1%) and gel strength (89.9%) significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison with 0% MPE gel samples. Moreover, 0.75% MPE‐fortified gels had higher hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds, higher water‐holding capacity, and lower sulfhydryl groups and free amino groups. The myosin heavy chain (MHC) bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) disappeared completely in the MPE‐fortified gels. Fortification with MPE affected the secondary structures of protein as shifting of peaks was observed in Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed relatively organized finer and denser gel networks in MPE‐treated gels.CONCLUSIONThe surimi gels fortified with 0.75% MPE demonstrated improved gelling properties, with an overall higher acceptability than the unfortified gels (0% MPE). The fortified gels also became enriched with bioactive polyphenols, which are generally not present in surimi. This study provides an efficient way to utilize mosambi peel to develop functional surimi and surimi‐based products with improved gel ability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phosphorus adsorption efficiency and characteristic analysis of basic oxygen furnace slag
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Lung , Ho Ching‐Lin , Kao I‐Chan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA large amount of furnace slag is produced from steelmaking every year. The resultant by‐products will severely damage the natural environment and ecosystems if not treated properly. Businesses worldwide have thus been striving for slag recycling and solving various complex problems. In this study, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) was regarded as an adsorbent to adsorb phosphate in water. In addition to a physical–chemical property analysis of the by‐products, the present study explored the performance of basic oxygen furnace slag in adsorbing phosphorous (P) with different size settings, and observed the surface structure of fused basic oxygen furnace slag.The results revealed that free‐state Ca accounts for the majority in basic oxygen furnace slag content, demonstrating the removal of nearly all phosphorous in water. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) on basic oxygen furnace slag with >200 mesh size revealed complex wave crests at the fingerprint region (570–980 cm−1). The result signifies that the basic oxygen furnace slag samples comprise strong Si─O and O─Si─O bonds within silicate minerals. Moreover, basic oxygen furnace slag samples with a particle size >200 mesh contain very high content of lime (CaO) (reaching 49.5%). This property fully demonstrates that basic oxygen furnace slag samples in a small particle size were more active as an aggregate. This study found that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.997) is slightly better than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.984), which shows that the process in which basic oxygen furnace slag adsorbs P is monolayer adsorption, and the adsorption energy is more uniformly distributed among BOFS samples. This study also found that basic oxygen furnace slag samples melted at 1200°C can effectively encapsulate some heavy metal pollutants and form stable glassy slag. The change proved that a fused basic oxygen furnace slag sample could effectively encapsulate heavy metal pollutants and formed glassy‐state slag with high stability. This mechanism would reduce the likelihood of heavy metal leaching when basic oxygen furnace slag serves as a subgrade aggregate, permeable material, or concrete aggregate in the future.
Dietary and plasma retinoids are not associated with fatty acid desaturase indices in healthy young adults
Authors: Hatherell Julia , Abdelmagid Salma A. , Ma David W. L. , El‐Sohemy Ahmed , Mutch David M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPast research in rodents suggests that fatty acid (FA) desaturase expression and activity may be modified by vitamin A; however, this has not been investigated in humans. The primary objective of this study was to examine associations between dietary retinoid intakes, plasma retinoid concentrations, and FA desaturase indices in young adults. As a secondary objective, biological sex and estrogen‐containing contraceptive (EC) use were investigated due to prior evidence demonstrating that both can influence plasma retinol concentration and FA desaturase indices. Dietary retinoid intake (food frequency questionnaire), plasma retinoid concentrations (high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry), plasma FA (gas chromatography), and FA desaturase indices (product‐to‐precursor ratios) from 945 adults recruited for the cross‐sectional Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study were analyzed. Participants were stratified into quartiles based on plasma retinol concentration and data analyzed by one‐way analysis of covariance. Dietary retinoid intakes were not associated with the overall n‐3 pathway, overall n‐6 pathway, delta‐5 desaturase, delta‐6 desaturase, or delta‐9 desaturase indices (all r < 0.10, p > 0.05). The overall n‐6 pathway index was significantly higher (p = 0.0004) and the delta‐5 desaturase index was significantly lower (p = 0.0003) in individuals with higher plasma retinol levels; however, these differences were lost when participants were grouped by biological sex and EC use. Although weak relationships were observed between plasma retinol and some FA desaturase indices in the total population, these associations appear to be driven by biological sex and EC usage rather than retinoids. We therefore find little evidence of a relationship between retinoids and FA desaturase indices in young, healthy adults.
The modified second toe flap technique based on the dorsal digital artery of the toe in finger pulp reconstruction
Authors: Li Jin , Wu Haibo , Zhang Yan , Jin Guangzhe , Wang Kai , Zhang Guangliang , Ju Jihui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe second toe flap is a widely used innervated neurovascular flap for repairing finger pulp defects. It mainly carries the proper plantar digital artery and nerve. But the donor site morbidity and arterial injury are common. The report retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of the second toe free medial flap based on dorsal digital artery of the toe to investigate the esthetics and function in the treatment of soft tissue defects of fingertip pulp.MethodsFrom March 2019 to December 2020, 12 patients with finger pulp defects (seven acute crush, three cut, and two burn) undergoing the modified second toe flap were chosen for retrospective review. The average patient age was 38.6 (range: 23–52) years. The mean defect size was 2.1 × 1.6 (range: 1.5 × 1.3–2.6 × 1.9) cm. The defects did not extend beyond the distal interphalangeal joint and the phalanges were not damaged in all cases. The average follow‐up was 9.5 (range: 6–16) months. Demographic information, flap data, and perioperative characteristics were collected.ResultsThe mean size of the modified flap was 2.3 × 1.8 (range: 1.7 × 1.5–2.7 × 2.0) cm and mean diameter of artery was 0.61 (range: 0.45–0.85) mm. The mean flap harvested time and operation time were 22.6 (range: 16–27) minutes and 133.7 (range: 101–164) minutes. A flap was ischemic after first day postoperatively and later it improved by releasing the sutures. All flaps were survival without necrosis. One patient was not satisfied with the appearance of the finger pulp because of scar hyperplasia. The other 11 patients were satisfied with the appearance and function of the injured digit after 6 months postoperatively.ConclusionThe modified second toe flap technique based on the dorsal digital artery of the toe is a feasible choice to reconstruct the sensation and appearance of the injured fingertip with current microsurgical techniques.
Genetic monitoring of steelhead in the Klickitat River to estimate productivity, straying, and migration timing
Authors: Collins Erin E. , Hess Jon E. , Bechtol Shawn , Romero Nicolas , Narum Shawn R. , Zendt Joseph S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
Salmonids with a complex life history variation present challenges for conservation management, but genetic approaches alongside fisheries monitoring can address questions regarding the viability of the natural populations.

Methods
We genotyped adult (n = 3108) and juvenile (n = 2624) samples of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were collected in the Klickitat River, Washington, USA at traps in the lower drainage to examine tributary level productivity, straying from outside sources, and variation in adult migration timing.

Result
Genetic assignment of steelhead from this system indicated that the majority were produced within or near tributaries of the middle Klickitat River (juvenile mean = 72.8%; adult mean = 87.3%). Analyses with parentage-based tagging identified that most hatchery-origin adults were assigned to the Skamania Hatchery (80.8%), as expected, since this has been the release stock for decades within the Klickitat River drainage. Hatchery-origin adults were also identified from programs operating outside the Klickitat River, which were primarily strays from Snake River hatcheries. Most natural-origin steelhead were assigned to the Klickitat River, but there were also natural-origin fish identified as strays from other regions of the Columbia River (22.3% of natural returns). We also examined genes known to be associated with migration timing in adult steelhead observed at the trap and observed a strong relationship between migration date and alleles for early and late migration, but individual outliers were detected across seasons.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that genetic variation of steelhead in the Klickitat River has been influenced by hatchery programs as well as natural-origin straying from other subbasins, but genetic diversity remains high throughout the subbasin, and both early and late migration alleles are maintained. The genetic diversity present in Klickitat River steelhead may enable this Endangered Species Act listed (threatened) species to better adapt to stochastic environmental conditions compared to less diverse populations.
An updated review on systemic glucocorticoids in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Shi Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic pulmonary disease affecting premature infants and their families. The main pathogenesis of BPD is the abnormal inflammatory response in immature lungs, resulting in the distortion of lung development and influencing the formation of alveoli and vascular structures. Based on anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, glucocorticoids may reduce the incidence and mortality of BPD in premature infants, but different types and administrations of glucocorticoids may lead to various short‐term or long‐term outcomes, especially the most concerning neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Dexamethasone is currently recognized as a first‐choice drug for BPD, but the different administration methods may affect the efficacy and safety of the regimen. Hydrocortisone is currently considered to minimize both short‐term and long‐term adverse outcomes, but its effectiveness needs to be confirmed by further trials. Numerous alternative strategies have been proposed to reduce adverse reactions, such as moderate early dosing, lower cumulative doses, and individualized dosing, but the high‐quality evidence is still not enough. This review is trying to summarize some new developments in mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and other treatment regimens of systemic glucocorticoids for the prevention and treatment of BPD in the recent few years.