bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guideline for Identifying Required Data Granularity for Deriving Improvements to the Environmental Impact of Production
Authors: Kaufmann Michel , Ekwaro-Osire Henry , Thoben Klaus-Dieter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVarious sustainability reporting tools (SRTs) already exist, such as ISO 14001, Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), and Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GGP). However, these tools focus on calculating total environmental impact for reporting to external parties, rather than providing guidance to a company on obtaining measures needed to identify improvement potentials within its production. This is due to low granularity of data measurements dictated by the SRTs, since insights only available from higher granular data are typically needed to derive actionable improvements. Understandably, differentiating for which processes higher granularity is needed is not always straightforward. Thus, this paper presents a guideline concept to support manufacturers in determining the required data and data granularity to identify improvement potential, while also assessing the ecological impact of their production. Firstly, energy consumption (electricity and heat), water and material use are determined to be the most relevant measures. Secondly, a structured categorization of production steps is created. As a starting point, selected metal working processes according to DIN 8580 are incorporated into the guideline. Thirdly, the data/device hierarchy from the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) is used to define three data granularity levels. Finally, a structured approach for determining ideal data granularity for each production step is developed and applied to build an initial version of the guideline. An evaluation shows that the guideline recommends appropriate data granularities, promising to be a useful tool for manufacturers wanting to improve their ecological impact.
Concept of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Using Multi-agent System: Negotiation by Linear Physical Programming
Authors: Koketsu Jundai , Ishigaki Aya , Ijuin Hiromasa , Yamada Tetsuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndustry and academia are both making efforts to realize a sustainable society; an important part of these efforts is to ensure the sustainability of the supply chains that support our daily life. Sustainable supply chains are more complex than traditional supply chains, and they involve a combination of multiple issues. Multiple plans must be used to deal with these issues. However, these plans often conflict with each other. To manage a sustainable supply chain, an integrated approach is needed to operate multiple plans for multiple issues.This paper introduces a research concept for integrated sustainable supply chain management using a multi-agent system. An agent executing a plan for an issue autonomously negotiates with other agents and avoids conflicts. Linear physical programming used for negotiation balances agents’ utility and ensures that all plans function well. Through this research, we provide an example of the simultaneous operation of multiple plans in a sustainable supply chain, aiming at the social implementation of sustainable supply chains.
Investigation of Cutting Force and Surface Quality in Frozen Wood Sawing Under Varying Influencing Factors to Improve the Energy- and Resource Efficiency of Sawing Processes
Authors: Schreiner F. , Schmidt J. , Thorenz B. , Voigt M. , Döpper F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWood as a renewable material plays an important role in transforming society towards sustainability and climate neutrality. However, wood is a difficult material to saw due to its anisotropic and inhomogeneous properties. Currently, the adaption of process parameters due to varying wood temperature and moisture content are solely based on operator experience. This frequently results in unfavorable settings of process parameters leading to a drastic increase in energy consumption and poor surface quality of the sawn wood. This paper investigates the cutting force when sawing frozen spruce wood with a two tooth research saw blade and the surface quality of the resulting wood samples under varying influencing factors. The material properties temperature between 20 ℃ and −40 ℃ and moisture content as well as the kinematic factor cutting direction were observed. The results show that the cutting force of moist and wet wood increase with decreasing temperature and remain constant for dry wood. Additionally, the surface quality of wet and dry wood samples is improved when sawing wood with lower temperature values. Using these results, the operator can be supported by a data driven approach for the adaption of machining parameters, hence improving the energy- and resource-efficiency of the process.
Development of a Pneumatic Clamping System with Position and Force Control Machining
Authors: Ben-Hanan U. , Eckert U. , Mende M. , Weiss A. , Wertheim R. , Azaria U. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrecision machining plays a vital role in modern, efficient, and sustainable manufacturing. Monitoring and controlling the clamping forces can influence positioning accuracy, workpiece deformation, thus improving the production outcome. The clamping force must be adapted to the cutting forces, workpiece geometry, and material properties to improve accuracy and control workpiece deformation during machining. The best devices available have a repeatability of ±1 µm, however, with limited precision and repeatability when re-clamping the workpiece. This paper presents the newly developed high-precision adaptable clamping system for controlled high-precision positioning and repositioning of a workpiece in the x-y plane with visual pattern recognition, adjustment, and controlled clamping forces. The clamping system is based on a pneumatic clamping chuck with controlled air pressure on a very accurate CNC machine. FEA calculations of thin-walled workpieces are used for designing associated jaws to ensure workpiece holding, limited forces and limited deformations. Once the workpiece has been removed and re-clamped with the defined forces, the vision device identifies the new workpiece position. Force and position data are collected and analyzed for calculating the repositioning movement in the x, y, and theta axes. The difference between the measured position after re-clamping and the reference position is calculated using a specially developed algorithm, yielding the motion commands to the x, y and theta axis. Using the vision system made it possible to identify an accuracy of ±1 µm and a repeatability of ±0.5 µm.
Initial Period of Chip Formation: Observations Towards Enhancing Machining Sustainability
Authors: Alammari Y. , Saelzer J. , Berger S. , Iovkov I. , Biermann D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn machining, high mechanical and thermal loads are exerted on a small area of the tool where it interacts with the workpiece. Despite limited interaction space, extensive use of cutting fluids (CFs) is inefficiently used to improve the machining process and increase productivity. In order to minimize CFs’ negative impact on health, environment and financial burden, various strategies have been developed and studied to optimize their use including minimum quantity lubrication. In this research, initial period of chip formation (IPCF), that occurs during a narrow window of space and time at the beginning of the cut, is closely investigated in an orthogonal machining setup. During IPCF, low mechanical loads were observed. The existence of IPCF is further investigated under interrupted cutting process at prescribed intervals in order to sustain its positive effects. In addition, 2D numerical chip formation friction model is proposed. The numerical model comprises a friction criterion dependent on tool temperature that is observed to be associated with a transient friction regime.
CO2 Footprint of Machine Elements Made of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Concrete Compared to Steel Components
Authors: Werkle Kim Torben , Engert Michelle , Möhring Hans-Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy efficiency and resource economizing are the drivers for the development of new types of material-hybrid design approaches for machine tools. Polymer concrete has been used for machine beds in machine tool design for many years. The good thermal and dynamic properties of the material are particularly convincing in this context. The good damping properties for structural components are also interesting, as this reduces for example tool wear and at the same time the high damping compared to steel structures has a positive effect on the surface quality of the machined workpiece. Current research in the field of structural dynamics is dealing with the substitution of steel and cast components with hybrid, actively preloaded polymer concrete parts. This allows the use of the positive damping properties of polymer concrete and the positive tensile strengths of the integrated fiber-reinforced structures for dynamically loaded machine components such as machine arms or machine stands. The focus of the study is to replace the arm of a bed-type milling machine, which is currently a welded design, with a component made of prestressed carbon fiber-reinforced polymer concrete. Based on the first results of the volume ratios of the structures, conclusions are drawn about the life cycle assessment (cradle to gate) of the components. The results will contribute to a design recommendation for the carbon fiber reinforcement in the polymer concrete arm to achieve a better structural efficiency on the one hand and a better life cycle assessment on the other.
Evaluation of Material Properties of Spruce Wood Samples to Improve the Development Process for More Sustainable Sawing Processes
Authors: Schmidt J. , Schreiner F. , Thorenz B. , Döpper F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe processing of wood as a renewable and sustainable material is steadily gaining in importance. However, sawing processes in sawmills are characterized by high electrical energy consumption. Improving the geometry of the saw teeth is an option to make sawing processes more energy efficient and sustainable. Since the industrial sawing processes in sawmills are rather inflexible, the development of new saw tooth geometries takes place in smaller experimental setups. However, the inhomogeneous and anisotropic properties of wood make it difficult to compare different material samples and saw teeth on the basis of measured values. This leads to untapped potentials regarding energy efficiency and sustainability in industrial sawing processes. This paper discusses material properties of spruce wood samples, depending on their place of extraction from the tree trunk. The measured variables considered are the wood moisture content, strength properties and the cutting force occurring during the sawing process. The results show that the measured values vary to different degrees within a tree trunk and between different tree trunks. Based on the results the validity of comparison measurements in the tool development process can be improved and thus increase the efficiency and sustainability of industrial sawing processes.
Development of Magnetic Sheets for CO2 Efficient Electric Drives Using an Additive Manufacturing Approach
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Ziegler Marco , Franke Jörg , Kuehl Alexander 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate change and its negative consequences for the environment are the greatest challenge of the current era. Electric machines are considered key both for the generation of regenerative electricity and as a substitute for fossil fuels in industry and fossil engines in the transportation sector. Resource-efficient manufacturing and operation of electric machines are therefore of high importance. The central component of every electric machine is the soft magnetic core. The manufacturing process and material selection are influencing the iron losses during operation. This paper presents a novel technology for manufacturing magnetic sheets and lamination cores for carbon dioxide efficient electric drives using an additive manufacturing approach. The potential of the technology is explained and the challenges in process development are highlighted.
Modeling Carbon Border Tax for Material-Based GHG Emission and Costs in Global Supply Chain Network
Authors: Nagao Takaki , Ijuin Hiromasa , Nagasawa Keisuke , Yamada Tetsuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the problems in an environmental policy is carbon leakage, which is increasing GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions as an adverse effect due to the production shift from countries with strict climate change policies to those with careless ones. In this situation, Carbon Boarder Adjustment (CBA) is considered as a countermeasure for mitigating GHG emission and carbon leakage globally, with European Union (EU) agreeing to introduce the CBA in 2026. CBA is expected to have huge impact upon a global supply chain network. The reasons of it are that total cost and GHG emissions on a global supply chain network have been influenced by the different procurement cost, customs duty and GHG level from each country by the price level, the governmental policy, and the energy mix. However, it is not revealed how much effect CBA has for the cost, and GHG emission on a global supply chain network. Thus, this study models a global supply chain network with CBA as the intersection of environment and economy. First, a global supply chain network with CBA is modeled and formulated for minimizing the total cost using integer programming. Second, a problem example is prepared with bill of materials for the procurement cost and the GHG emission using life cycle assessment. After that, under the market in the U.S., a numerical experiment is conducted to validate the proposed model. Finally, the effect of CBA is discussed.
Integrating Lean Management Principles into Human-Robot Collaboration in Disassembly Cell
Authors: Keivanpour Samira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntegrating Industry 4.0 technologies into the circular economy has received much attention in the literature in recent years. Considering the ladder of lansink and circular economy technical cycle, reusing and remanufacturing are preferable to recycling. Disassembly is a crucial process in remanufacturing. Collaborative robots provide semi-autonomous disassembly and could enhance product remanufacturing considering the uncertainties, cost reduction, and circularity of materials. This paper aims to discuss the application of lean practices in a disassembly cell with operators-robots collaboration. A conceptual framework based on the house of lean is proposed to highlight the research perspectives on opportunities of lean philosophy in disassembly operation enabled with industry 4.0 technology.
A Mathematical Model Considering Multi-skilled Operators and Industrial Robots on Reconfigurable Manufacturing Cells
Authors: Kataoka Takayuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA sustainable reconfigurable manufacturing system is one of the most important topics concerning sustainability. Basically, the reconfigurable manufacturing systems have two streams. One is the machine-intensive and the other is the labour-intensive. The machine-intensive means a cell formation problem (CFP) or a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS). On the other hand, the labour-intensive means a cellular manufacturing (CM) or a Cell Production System (CPS). Almost all manufacturing sites have these assembly lines separately, however, some advanced manufacturing sites have adopted both CM and CPS in order to absorb variability of demand and operators under the environment of limited multi-skilled operators. When the operators are replaced by industrial robots in the real world, they are called robotic cells and focused as an important component of the cyber-physical system in the large number of recent papers. Therefore, this paper tackles to indicate a multi-period mixed integer programming model to solve simultaneously 2-type cell systems considering multi-skilled operators and industrial robots on reconfigurable manufacturing cells sustainably. Firstly, the traditional model is redefined by new parameters. Secondly, the proposed model is solved by 2-phase optimization problems. Finally, the proposed model is compared with the traditional model by using numerical experiments.
Design and Characterization of Piezoceramic Thick Film Sensor for Measuring Cutting Forces in Turning Processes
Authors: Panesso M. , Ettrichrätz M. , Gebhardt S. , Georgi O. , Rüger C. , Gnauck M. , Drossel W.-G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCutting forces in turning processes usually correlate with tool conditions. For this reason, the acquisition of force signals is of key importance for monitoring purposes. Despite the robustness of current piezoelectric measuring platforms, their large weight ratio relative to standalone tool-holder systems limits their effective usable bandwidth for analyzing force signals. Further limitations include high costs and lack of flexibility for general purpose turning operations. Due to this, such systems fail to find acceptance in practical applications and are mainly limited to research activities. To improve these aspects, this work investigates the use of an alternative integration concept using a piezoceramic thick film sensor for performing near-process cutting force measurements at the tool-holder. The charge output of the sensor was estimated using a coupled structural-piezoelectric simulation for its design. The modelled prototype was assembled and characterized by means of a static calibration and an impact hammer test. Following these, a first implementation of the system under dry cutting conditions took place.
Waste Minimization by Inventory Management in High-Volume High-Complexity Manufacturing Organizations
Authors: Afy-Shararah Mohamed , Jagtap Sandeep , Pagone Emanuele , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganizations that manufacture high volumes of complex products (e.g., pharmaceutical, automotive, food) require specific strategies to ensure efficient processing of parts and a sustainable level of inventory by waste minimization. A review of literature sources revealed how inventory is classified and managed amongst organizations and industries and key challenges that current organizations face with existing inventory management systems. In this paper, these findings are compared against each other to determine best practices and potential shortfalls that should be addressed when trying to manage inventory holistically. A study is then conducted using qualitative data from 15 semi-structured interviews to answer key questions on inventory management based on the findings from the literature survey. Responses are inductively coded and analyzed to reveal the most important factors of inventory management and determine the most prominent themes. A graphical model to represent the findings is also presented. Inventory functional accountability, inventory classification, operational strategies, visual management of inventory data, and efficient processes were some of the key themes known to be critical for effective inventory management and thus illustrated in the graphical model.
Cascaded Scheduling for Highly Autonomous Production Cells with AGVs
Authors: Miller Eddi , Kaupp Tobias , Schmitt Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHighly autonomous production cells are a crucial part of manufacturing systems in industry 4.0 and can contribute to a sustainable value-adding process. To realize a high degree of autonomy in production cells with an industrial robot and a machine tool, an experimental approach was carried out to deal with numerous challenges on various automation levels. One crucial aspect is the scheduling problem of tasks for each resource (machine tool, tools, robot, AGV) depending on various data needed for a job-shop scheduling algorithm. The findings show that the necessary data has to be derived from different automation levels in a company: horizontally from ERP to shop-floor, vertically from the order handling department to the maintenance department. Utilizing that data, the contribution provides a cascaded scheduling approach for machine tool jobs as well as CNC and robot tasks for highly autonomous production cells supplied by AGVs.
A Practical Approach to Realize a Closed Loop Energy Demand Optimization of Milling Machine Tools in Series Production
Authors: Can Alperen , Schulz Hendrik , El-Rahhal Ali , Thiele Gregor , Krüger Jörg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for industry. Many approaches for energy efficiency improvements lead to the purchase of new hardware, which could neglect the sustainability. Therefore, optimizing the energy demand of existing machine tools (MT) is a promising approach. Nowadays energy demand optimization of MT in series production is mainly done manually by the operators, based on implicit knowledge gained by experience. This involves manual checks to ensure that production targets like product quality or cycle time are met. With data analytics it is possible to check these production targets autonomously, which allows optimizing production systems data driven. This paper presents the approach and evaluation of a closed loop energy demand optimization of auxiliary units for milling MT during series production. The approach includes, inter alia, a concept for machine connectivity using edge devices and a concept for validating production targets.
Development of a Potential Analysis for the Introduction of Sustainable Digitization Solutions
Authors: Steinbach Tanja , Parthey Franziska , Weidmann Markus , Anderl Reiner 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a methodical approach that addresses the challenges of the development process to ensure sustainable product use. Consideration of user behavior in the use phase of products is imperative for efficient support by the technical system already in the development phase.For these and other challenges, the developed approach combines methods of system engineering with the human-technology-organization approach. It helps to identify and develop optimization potential in the area of digitization solutions in the early phases of the product lifecycle. To do this, a technical system is analyzed in its current state and the requirements of the stakeholders. By defining socio-technical system elements and applying a structured approach, recommendations can be outlined holistically. As a result, the recommendations lead to an increasing level of digitization of the technical system and ensure a targeted development process.Furthermore, the methodical approach includes modeling methods to deal with the complex system behavior. The modeling language SysML as well as task-related analysis methods are used to highlight faulty states and promising aspects. In addition to the human-technology-organization triad, the basis of the developed approach is the V-model, which is applied in phase-oriented design processes or iterative design steps. This makes the usage of the approach particularly advantageous for interdisciplinary development teams.