bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic expression of I-A and I-E/C subregion determinants on murine thymocytes.
Authors: Sharrow S O , Ozato K , Sachs D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of Ia antigens on murine thymocytes has been assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and flow microfluorometry analysis. Antisera specific for I-region determinants were found to react with at least 50% of thymus cells in single-cell suspensions. When these antisera were tested on thymus cells of an appropriate recombinant strain, it was found that both I-A and I-E/C subregion determinants could be detected. Monoclonal antibodies to I-A and to I-E determinants also reacted with thymus cells in a similar fashion, eliminating the possibility that contaminating specificities accounted for the reactivity of alloantisera. The majority of Ia-positive thymus cells appeared to express determinants encoded by genes of both I-A and I-E/C subregions. Ia expression on individual thymocytes was also correlated with cell size as measured by forward light scatter intensity. However, unlike antigens detected by rabbit anti-mouse brain antisera, Ia antigens did not appear to be associated with known subpopulations of thymocytes distinguishable by light scatter intensity. The presence of I-region encoded antigens on thymocytes may play a role in maturation of T cells in the thymus microenvironment.
Circulating immune complexes associated with naturally occurring lymphosarcoma in pet cats.
Authors: Day N K , O'Reilly-Felice C , Hardy W D , Good R A , Witkin S S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cats were classified into 4 categories by immunofluorescence antibody assay for the presence of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and histologically as a) normal, FeLV-, b) normal, FeLV+, c) lymphosarcoma (LSA), FeLV+, and d) LSA, FeLV-. Determinations by Raji cell radioimmunoassay modified for cat serum revealed circulating immune complex (CIC) levels of healthy cats to be less than or equal to 50 micrograms equivalent aggregated cat immunoglobulin/ml (microgram/ml). In contrast, sera of cats in groups b, c, and d all contained significantly higher CIC levels (up to 12,000 micrograms/ml) associated with marked hypocomplementemia and C activation occurring via the classical pathway. Sera from FeLV+, LSA+ cats with high levels of CIC and sera of healthy cats were fractionated according to size and bouyant density by centrifugation through 10 to 40% sucrose gradients. Analysis of fractions from LSA+, FeLV+ sera revealed that both immune complexes (ICs), FeLV reverse transcriptase (RT), and IgG were present in fractions corresponding to a bouyant density of 1.15 to 1.18 g/ml. The CIC containing fractions activated C by the classical pathway. Sera from normal cats did not have CIC or RT and none of the fractions activated the classical pathway. These data suggest that vital antigen-antibody complexes are present in sera of viremic cats with LSA and these complexes activate the C system.
Augmented induction of tumor-specific resistance by priming with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TBC) and subsequent immunization with PPD-coupled syngeneic tumor cells.
Authors: Takatsu K , Hamaoka T , Tominaga A , Kanamasa Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study investigates the augmenting effect of tuberculin- (PPD) reactive amplifier T cells on the induction of syngeneic tumor immunity. PPD-reactive helper (amplifier) T cell activity was generated in C3H/HeJ mice by appropriate immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium (Tbc). Immunization of these Tbc-primed mice with PPD-coupled syngeneic X5563 tumor cells led to augmented generation of in vivo tumor-neutralizing activity contingent on the presence of PPD-reactive amplifier T cell activity. Splenic T cells from these mice exhibited potent tumor-neutralizing activity using Winn's assay, whereas spleen cells from mice not primed with Tbc before PPD-X5563 immunization failed to neutralize viable X5563 tumor cells. After establishing that the neutralizing activity was tumor specific and mediated by T cells, the applicability of this augmentation of tumor-specific immunity to an immunotherapy model was explored. Immunization with PPD-X5563 in the early stages of the tumor-bearing state induced potent anti-tumor activity sufficient to reject the growing tumor. Pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide or light x-irradiation (250 R), procedures that eliminate suppressor cell activity nonspecifically, before priming with Tbc further potentiated the anti-tumor activity under these conditions. Thus, the present study elucidates the augmenting effect of PPD-reactive amplifier T cells in the induction of tumor-specific immunity and provides an effective method of immunotherapy in tumor-bearing animals.
Antigen and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. VI. Demonstration of cross-reactive idiotypic determinants on azobenzenearsonate-specific antigen-binding suppressor T cells producing soluble suppressor factor(s).
Authors: Dietz M H , Sy M S , Greene M I , Nisonoff A , Benacerraf B , Germain R N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The first detectable suppressor T cell (Ts) arising after i.v. administration of azobenzenearsonate- (ABA) conjugated syngeneic spleen cells to A/J mice has been studied for its receptor specificity and ability to produce soluble suppressor factor(s). This cell, termed Ts1, has a specific receptor for the eliciting antigen ABA, as demonstrated by selective binding to ABA protein- but not TNP protein-coated plastic dishes. The activity of ABA-Ts1 can be abrogated by treatment with anti-idiotypic antibodies made against anti-ABA antibodies of A/J mice (anti-CRI), indicating that these ABA-binding cells possess a surface receptor structure sharing idiotypic determinants with antibodies of the same specificity. Finally, soluble extracts from, antigen-adherent ABA-Ts1, but not nonadherent cells from the same spleen cell population, possess suppressive activity when assayed directly for afferent suppression or tested for their ability to trigger a second population of Ts (Ts2) in naive recipients. These findings demonstrate a close concordance between a T cell surface receptor, soluble T suppressor factors, and B cell derived antibody, all capable of direct recognition of the eliciting ABA antigen.
Specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis of lipid vesicles by RAW264 macrophages results in the loss of cell surface Fc but not C3b receptor activity.
Authors: Petty H R , Hafeman D G , McConnell H M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have observed that the specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis of lipid vesicles (containing 1 to 2% phospholipid hapten) results in a loss of Fc surface receptor activity from RAW264 macrophages. The Fc-receptor activity was measured by the ability of the macrophages to form rosettes with antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes (E). C3b-receptor activity was monitored similarly by measuring rosetting of IgM and complement-coated sheep erythrocytes (EAC). Under the same conditions, there was no loss of C3b-receptor activity. This suggests that Fc but not C3b cell surface receptors are depleted during specific IgG-mediated phagocytosis. The rosette assay for receptors, in accord with a previous kinetic analysis of vesicle uptake, showed that the depletion of Fc receptors after phagocytosis of specific antibody-coated vesicles was highly dependent on the number of vesicles taken up but relatively independent of the density of IgG bound to the vesicle surface. In contrast to the above results the nonspecific phagocytosis of latex beads results in the loss of both Fc- and C3b-receptor activity as measured by rosetting experiments.
Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. I. Collaborative T-T interactions in the immunoregulation of B cell differentiation.
Authors: Thomas Y , Sosman J , Irigoyen O , Friedman S M , Kung P C , Goldstein G , Chess L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T-B and T-T interactions involved in the regulation of PWM-triggered human B cell differentiation were studied in vitro. Functionally distinct human T cell subsets were isolated by C-mediated lysis by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8. Graded numbers of either untreated or irradiated T cell subsets were added to autologous B cells, and total antibody synthesis was measured after 5 to 6 days of culture by using a highly sensitive reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The data indicate that a) the helper activity that is exclusively contained within the OKT4+ population is radiosensitive. Only at high T/B ratios can this radiosensitivity be overcome; b) the OKT8+ population contains radiosensitive cells important in suppressing B cell differentiation, and c) the suppression induced with OKT8+ cells requires the presence of radiosensitive OKT4+ cells. Thus, OKT8+ cells added to cultures containing B cells and irradiated OKT4+ cells do not suppress the PFC response. Addition of unirradiated OKT4+ cells to these cultures permits reexpression of suppression by OKT8+ cells. It is concluded that two radiosensitive cells, one within the OKT4+ population and the other within the OKT8+ population, collaborate to induce suppression. Possible mechanisms for this suppressive interaction including induction of suppressor precursor cells within the OKT4+ population or inhibition of OKT4+ helper cells by OKT8+ cells are discussed.
Structural comparisons of serologically indistinguishable H-2K-encoded antigens from inbred and wild mice.
Authors: Arden B , Wakeland E K , Klein J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2K glycoproteins from 2 wild-derived strains, B10.KPB128 and B10.GAA37, and from standard congenic lines B10.S(9R) and B10.A were compared by ion-exchange chromatography of tryptic peptides. The H-2K products of B10.S(9R) and B10.A were found to differ in about 33% of their peptides. The H-2K molecule of B10.S(9R) was indistinguishable from the H-2K molecules of B10.GAA37 and B10.KPB128. These results indicate that the H-2K-encoded products of the B10.S(9R), B10.KPB128, and B10.GAA37 lines are structurally very similar or, perhaps, identical, suggesting that some alleles of the H-2K locus may be maintained in a stable form in allopatric populations of wild mice.
Polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin secretion in B lymphocytes induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan.
Authors: Dziarski R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Staphylococcal peptidoglycan (PG) is a B cell mitogen and immunomodulator in mice. The ability of PG to induce the secretion of polyclonal antibodies in murine lymphocyte cultures was studied using the protein A hemolytic plaque assay. PG was as effective as or more effective than lipopolysaccharide as an inducer of polyclonal antibodies in spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow lymphocytes. The highest numbers of immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells were induced in the spleen, and the lowest in the bone marrow cell cultures. All major classes of Ig (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were induced, and the maximal numbers of Ig-secreting cells were detected between days 4 and 5 of culture. The induction of Ig secretion by Pg was T cell, 2-mercaptoethanol, and to a large extent macrophage independent.
Alteration of T and null lymphocyte frequencies in the peripheral blood of human opiate addicts: in vivo evidence for opiate receptor sites on T lymphocytes.
Authors: McDonough R J , Madden J J , Falek A , Shafer D A , Pline M , Gordon D , Bokos P , Kuehnle J C , Mendelson J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Street opiate addiction produces a significant depression in the absolute number of total T lymphocytes in peripheral blood as measured by the ability of the lymphocytes to rosette sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Associated with the decrease in T cells, there is an increase in the absolute number of null lymphocytes but no significant changes in B lymphocytes or total white blood cell count. The T cell values for 2 different populations of addicts (n = 12 and 32) are 31.8% and 23.1%, whereas the null cell values are 51.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The values for comparable control populations (n = 18 and 10) are: T% = 70.7% and 67.4%, and null % = 9.2% and 14.5%. Self-reported use of marihuana does not significantly alter the distribution of cell populations. A 1- to 3-hr incubation of addicted-derived lymphocytes with 10(-6) to 10(-7) M Naloxone reverses both T cell depression and null cell increase by allowing the null cells to express SRBC receptors. Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP can also convert the null cells to T cells. The conversion of null to T lymphocytes has additionally been measured by monitoring the increase in PHA-stimulated growth in 72-hr cultures as determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA. These results support the hypothesis that opiates can alter T lymphocyte number and function in vivo, and that this alteration may produce a significant degeneration in the immune competence of street opiate addicts.
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the chicken. I. Morphology, ontogeny, and some functional characteristics of Peyer's patches.
Authors: Befus A D , Johnston N , Leslie G A , Bienenstock J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lymphoid aggregates with many of the characteristics of mammalian Peyer's patches (PP) were identified in the chicken intestine. These chicken PP could not be seen with the naked eye at the time of hatching, but by 10 days of age, 1 or 2 PP were identified in 50% of the birds. Up to 16 wk of age, the numbers of PP increased to a maximum of 5 per animal and they were widely scattered in the intestine, apart from one that was regularly found about 5 to 10 cm anterior to the ileocecal junction. As the birds aged, the number of PP declined so that in older birds (58 wk) only a single PP was evident near the ileocecal junction. Chicken PP possess: a distinct lymphoepithelium with M cells and strong pinocytotic activity; follicles and a subepithelium zone and central zone similar to those of the cecal tonsil (CT). Studies with in ovo hormonal bursectomy and age-associated involution of PP suggested that the subepithelial zone is a B-dependent area and the central zone a T, or thymus-dependent region. These observations extend our knowledge of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the bird to include the bursa of Fabricius, CT, PP, and aggregates in the urodeum and proctodeum. They raise issues about the roles of chicken PP that may aid our understanding of the functions of mammalian GALT.
Interaction of reovirus with cell surface receptors. II. Generation of suppressor T cells by the hemagglutinin of reovirus type 3.
Authors: Fontana A , Weiner H L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In studying reovirus interactions with lymphocytes, we have found that reovirus type 3, but not type 1, inhibits the in vitro proliferative response of murine splenic lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A). By analyzing recombinant clones containing genes from both reovirus types 1 and 3, we found that the S1 gene, the gene that encodes the viral hemagglutinin, is responsible for the inhibitory effect. In addition we found that type 3, but not type 1, generates suppressor T cells in vitro capable of suppressing Con A proliferation. By analyzing recombinant clones, we also found that the viral hemagglutinin is responsible for the generation of suppressor T cells by reovirus type 3. These effects were observed whether UV-inactivated or live virus was used. Reovirus type 3 inhibition of the proliferative response of murine splenic lymphocytes to Con A was blocked by anti-reovirus type 3 antibody but not by anti-reovirus type 1 antibody. Antiviral antibody had no effect on the ability of reovirus type 3 induced suppressor cells to inhibit Con A proliferation. We have previously demonstrated a receptor on murine lymphocytes for the hemagglutinin of reovirus type 3, and our results suggest that the in vitro suppression of Con A proliferation of murine lymphocytes by reovirus type 3 is secondary to the interaction of the viral hemagglutinin with a receptor on the surface of murine lymphocytes, which results in the generation of functionally active suppressor T cells.
Macrophage dependency of in vitro B cell response to influenza virus antigens.
Authors: McLaren C , Pope B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific B cell responses to influenza viruses were induced by in vitro stimulation of spleen cells from normal or influenza-immune mice with inactivated influenza virus. Both primary and secondary responses to A/Pt Chalmers/73 (A/Pt Ch/73) and A/New Jersey/76 (A/NJ/76) viruses were detected in a hemolytic plaque assay, with peak numbers of specific plaque-forming cells (PFC) present after 4 days of incubation. Depletion of macrophages from BALB/c spleen cell suspensions by treatment with either carrageenan or carbonyl iron markedly reduced the primary and secondary B cell responses to influenza virus. The responses could be restored by reconstitution with either BALB/c or CBA/J macrophages. Specificity of the antibody response was demonstrated in cross-reaction experiments with A/Pt Ch/73 and A/NJ/76 viruses. Evidence of recall to A/NJ/76 virus was, however, found in A/NJ/76-immune spleen cells stimulated in vitro with A/Pt Ch/73 virus. Greatest in vitro stimulation of A/Pt Ch/73-immune spleen cells was produced with inactivated whole A/Pt Ch/73 virus preparations; specific responses were low or absent after stimulation with preparations of partially disrupted virus vaccine, a mixture of purified hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase antigens or soluble hemagglutinin containing similar amounts of viral HA antigen. This lack of response to A/Pt Ch/73 HA could not be overcome with A/NJ/76 whole virus together with purified A/Pt Ch/73 HA.
IgD allotypic determinants. II. Determinants expressed on IgD of mice of the b, e, and o Igh-C haplotypes.
Authors: Woods V L , Scher I , Lieberman R , Paul W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allotypic determinants expressed on membrane IgD of 27 strains of mice representing each of the major Igh-C haplotypes of inbred mice were examined with reagents specific for the IgD of mice of the b, e, and o Igh-C haplotypes. The distribution of two specificities, IgD.44 (Ig5.2) and IgD.37 (Ig5.3), recognized by two monoclonal anti-delta reagents was determined. In addition, a new specificity, IgD.46, expressed on mice of the o Igh-C type, but not of the b or a types, was detected by a BALB/c anti-AL/N spleen cell antiserum. The results also confirmed the description of the new Igh-C haplotype o, by demonstrating that the mice of this group express the IgD.37 determinant. This determinant is also expressed by mice of the b and e types, but not by mice of the d haplotype, from which the o haplotype was subdivided.
Human B lymphocyte colony responses. I. General characteristics and modulation by monocytes.
Authors: Bobak D , Whisler R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study investigated the ability of human B cell-enriched subpopulations to focally proliferate and form colonies in semisolid cultures after stimulation with staph protein A (SpA). After 6 days of incubation, cultures of B-enriched populations exhibited distinct colonies, the number being dependent on the concentration of SpA and the cell density. Optimal colony responses were 1.6 x 10(3) per 1 x 10(6) B lymphocytes, and greater than 83% of the colony-forming cells expressed surface immunoglobulin (sIg). The depletion of adherent monocytes from the B cell-enriched preparations decreased the colony responses approximately 3-fold compared with the nondepleted B cell populations. Adding optimal numbers of adherent monocytes to the monocyte-depleted B cells restored the colony responses; however, less augmentation was observed in single-layer co-cultures containing greater than optimal numbers of monocytes. Identical experiments in double-layer semisolid cultures revealed that relatively greater numbers of monocytes were required to enhance B cell colony responses. Thus, progressively higher ratios of monocytes to B cells resulted in increasing numbers of colonies and failed to demonstrate the diminished colony responses observed in the single-layer system. These studies demonstrate that human B cells form distinct colonies when activated by SpA and that normal adherent monocytes modulate the magnitude of colony responses. Although monocytes predominately enhance B cell clonal differentiation, the evidence presented also suggests that, to a lesser extent, soluble inhibitory materials are elaborated.
HLA-DR epitope region definition by use of monoclonal antibody probes.
Authors: Grumet F C , Charron D J , Fendly B M , Levy R , Ness D B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Definition of HLA-DR epitopes has been attempted by utilizing monoclonal antibody probes. Hybridoma antibodies L203 and L227, known to bind different epitopes on human Ia-like molecules, were tested for their ability to block cytotoxicity of monoclonal and allogeneic anti-DR antibodies. Monoclonal cytotoxic antibodies segregated into two groups: those more effectively blocked by L203, and those more effectively blocked by L227. Alloantisera also segregated into two groups, but according to their DR specificity. Anti-DR1, -2, and -3 alloantisera were effectively blocked by both L203 and L227, whereas anti-DR7, -w9, -w10, and MT1 alloantisera were not blocked by either. Blocking was not correlated with immunoglobulin class of the alloantibody and further definition of the mechanism of cytotoxicity blocking remains to be elucidated. Based on these data and prior binding and immunochemical studies with L203 and L227, a model is proposed in which the tertiary structure of each DR molecule, or complex of associated molecules on the cell surface, has two reference epitopes, one defined by L203, and another defined by L227. HLA-DR epitopes defined by the cytotoxic monoclonal or alloantibodies to the L203 or L227 epitope in order to begin epitope mapping or grouping.
Studies on stimulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by skin test antigens. I. Candida antigen stimulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro correlated with the skin test response to candida antigen in vivo.
Authors: Tartof D , Check I J , Matutis A , Hunter R L , Fitch F W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The magnitude of the skin test response in a group of normal volunteers to intradermal Candida antigen correlated closely with the level of cytolytic activity stimulated by Candida antigen in vitro in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from those same individuals. The cytolytic activity stimulated by Candida antigen was cell mediated, and cold target inhibition studies demonstrated that Candida antigen-stimulated effector cells were capable of cross-species (i.e., nonspecific) killing. Analysis of the Candida antigen-induced effector cell population for various cell markers did not enable absolute identification of the cell responsible for the killing. The findings in this study indicate that the stimulation of cell-mediated cytolysis by Candida antigen may be related to the delayed-type hypersensitivity response produced by the same antigen.
Establishment and characterization of a murine hybridoma secreting monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody.
Authors: Tron F , Charron D , Bach J F , Talal N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Twenty-five clones of hybridoma cells secreting anti-DNA autoantibodies were isolated after fusions between plasmacytoma cells (P3-x 63 Ag 8.653) and spleen cells from nonimmunized autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 (B/W) mice. A monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody was immunochemically analyzed.