bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and characterisation of human glycerol kinase: the role of solubilising agents and molecular chaperones
Authors: Rani Riva Mary , Syngkli Superior , Nongkhlaw Joplin , Das Bidyadhar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Glycerol kinase (GK; EC 2.7.1.30) facilitates the entry of glycerol into pathways of glucose and triglyceride metabolism and may play a potential role in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms and structure of the human GK are unknown.
Methods: The human GK gene was cloned into the pET-24a(+) vector and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Since the protein was expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs), various culture parameters and solubilising agents were used but they did not produce bioactive His-GK; however, co-expression of His-GK with molecular chaperones, specifically pKJE7, achieved expression of bioactive His-GK. The overexpressed bioactive His-GK was purified using coloumn chromatography and characterised using enzyme kinetics.
Results: The overexpressed bioactive His-GK was purified apparently to homogeneity (∼295-fold) and characterised. The native His-GK was a dimer with a monomeric molecular weight of ∼55 kDa. Optimal enzyme activity was observed in TEA buffer (50 mM) at 7.5 pH. K+ (40 mM) and Mg2+ (2.0 mM) emerged as prefered metal ions for His-GK activity with specific activity 0.780 U/mg protein. The purified His-GK obeyed standard Michaelis–Menten kinetics with Km value of 5.022 µM (R2=0.927) for its substrate glycerol; whereas, that for ATP and PEP was 0.767 mM (R2=0.928) and 0.223 mM (R2=0.967), respectively. Other optimal parameters for the substrate and co-factors were also determined.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that co-expression of molecular chaperones assists with the expression of bioactive human GK for its characterisation.
A dynamic data prepossessing method for parameter identification in power distribution network
Authors: Wang Chuanjun , Xiang Wei , Hu Ke , Li Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe methods of building a model like Markov chain Monte‐Carlo (MCMC) and sequential model‐based global optimization (SMBO) in power distribution network (PDN) have achieved parameter identification successfully without extra measurement devices. However, the data processing focused on the feeder data is not concerned yet. In this study, the authors present a dynamic data prepossessing method for parameter identification in PDN to successfully obtain a more accurate result. This method considers the similarities of feeder data in both spatial relationship and statistical theory, and then realizes a dynamic aggregation process for new coming data and obtains a set of data with tighter higher dimensional relationship for following identification task. In experiments, the authors applied this data processing method to the actual feeder data with no adjustment of the other condition; identification results with the authors’ processing achieve a 5.3% improvement in accuracy at most.
Fault diagnosis of ZDJ7 railway point machine based on improved DCNN and SVDD classification
Authors: Shi Zengshu , Du Yiman , Yao Xinwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProblems such as poor noise immunity and overfitting are prone to occur when convolutional neural network (CNN) is exploited in the fault diagnosis of ZDJ7 railway point machine. In addition, some fault features are unbalanced and have the features of multiple tags, which lead to low diagnosis accuracy. Therefore, an improved deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and support vector data description (SVDD) classification is proposed. First, the depthwise separable convolution in the Xception structure is used to optimize the extraction of fault features. Second, the adaptive batch normalization processing (AdaBN) is performed to improve the noise immunity. Meanwhile, the global average pooling layer (GAP) is used instead of the fully connected layer to improve the generalization ability of the network. Aiming at the unbalanced features of the railway point machine sample, an improved quantity learning algorithm for hypersphere coordinate mapping based on SVDD is proposed. The classification is realized under unbalanced samples. The experiment shows that the accuracy based on the improved DCNN and SVDD is 96.59%. It has a good anti‐noise performance under different convolution kernels and SNRs. When the sample distribution is unbalanced, the performance indexes obtained by the proposed model are the best.
Coupling analysis on power‐frequency control loops for virtual synchronous generator based on relative gain array and Prony method
Authors: Jia Jiaoxin , Yan Xiangwu , Qin Benshuang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the improvement of the penetration of power electronic equipment, a challenging scenario is arising in power‐frequency control system design of virtual synchronous generator (VSG). This affects the stability and control performance of the multi‐VSG grid‐connected system due to the undesirable dynamic coupling of the power‐frequency control loops. From this perspective, this paper proposes a systematic procedure for accurately evaluating the coupling of power‐frequency control loop, which is based on the relative gain array (RGA) and Prony analysis method. Firstly, the output admittance model of multi‐VSG grid‐connected system is established, and the transfer function matrices of output power and angular frequency are derived, respectively. Then, the variation law of coupling between control loops of VSG with different parameters is investigated by two methods: One is numerical analysis, and the other is RGA method which can determine the frequency band of coupling. Besides, the interaction between different VSG control strategies is compared and analyzed based on RGA. Subsequently, Prony analysis method is proposed to verify the results of RGA analysis. Finally, simulation and experimental results in a two‐machine grid‐connected system are presented to support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
CIDFuzz: Fuzz testing for continuous integration
Authors: Zhang Jiaming , Cui Zhanqi , Chen Xiang , Yang Huiwen , Zheng Liwei , Liu Jianbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs agile software development and extreme programing have become increasingly popular, continuous integration (CI) has become a widely used collaborative work method. However, it is common to make changes frequently to a project during CI. If existing testing methods are applied to CI directly, it will be difficult to make testing resources focus on changes generated by CI, which results in insufficient testing for changes. To solve this problem, we propose a fuzz testing method for CI. First, differential analysis is performed to determine the change points generated during CI, change points are added to the taint source set, and static analysis is conducted to calculate the distances between each basic block and the taint sources. Then, the project under test is instrumented according to the distances. During fuzz testing, testing resources are allocated based on seed coverage to test the change points effectively. Using the proposed methods, we implement CIDFuzz as a prototype tool, and experiments are conducted on four open‐source projects that use CI. Experimental results show that, compared with AFL and AFLGo, CIDFuzz can reduce the time costs of covering change points up to 39.59% and 41.64%, respectively. Also, CIDFuzz can reduce the time costs of reproducing vulnerabilities up to 34.78% and 25.55%.
„Ein wesentliches Therapeutikum“ –
Arbeitstherapie in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen der DDR aus Sicht von
Zeitzeugen
Authors: Windirsch Antonia , Haack Kathleen , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Kumbier Ekkehardt 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Eine Befragung von in der DDR tätigen beruflichen Akteuren
sowie ehemaliger Patienten soll helfen, die Rolle der Arbeitstherapie in
psychiatrischen Einrichtungen zu bestimmen.
Methodik Es wurden 74 Zeitzeugen befragt, die in psychiatrischen
Einrichtungen in der DDR beruflich tätig oder dort im Erwachsenenalter
behandelt worden waren. Die Interviews wurden qualitativ ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Zeitzeugen beschrieben die Organisation und Ziele wie auch
Veränderungen. Der Arbeitstherapie wurde ein hoher Stellenwert
zugesprochen, da sie ein wichtiges Therapieangebot darstellte.
Gleichförmige Tätigkeiten und der Missbrauch der Arbeitskraft
unter Vernachlässigung des therapeutischen Anspruchs wurden kritisch
gesehen.
Schlussfolgerung Zeitzeugeninterviews sollten in psychiatriehistorische
Untersuchungen einbezogen werden. Für unser heutiges Verständnis
kann der Blick auf die Entwicklung der Arbeitstherapie wertvolle Erkenntnisse
liefern.
Biomechanical Comparison of Four- versus Six-Strand Transosseous Suture Repair for Patellar Tendon Rupture
Authors: Zhang Tina , Wahl Alexander , Schneider Matheus , Xu Dali , Hahn Alexander , Meredith Sean J. , Packer Jonathan D. , Leong Natalie L. , Zhang Li-Qun , Henn R. Frank , Jauregui Julio J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Surgical repair is indicated for patellar tendon ruptures that result in loss of knee extensor mechanism function. However, biomechanical studies report conflicting results when comparing transosseous suture versus suture anchor repair techniques. This discrepancy may be due to inconsistencies in experimental design as these studies use various numbers of suture strands. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to compare the ultimate load of four- versus six-strand transosseous suture repair. Secondary objectives are to compare gap formation after cyclical loading and mode of failure.
Methods Six pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric specimen were randomly allocated to either four- or six-strand transosseous suture repair. Specimen underwent preconditioning cyclical loading and then load to failure.
Results The six-strand repair had a significantly higher maximum load to failure compared with the four-strand repair (mean difference = 319.3 N [57.9%], p = 0.03). There was no significant difference in gap length after cyclical loading or at max load. There were no significant differences in mode of failure.
Conclusion Utilizing a six-stand transosseous patella tendon repair construct with one additional suture increases overall construct strength by over 50% compared with a four-strand construct.
What Can We Still Learn from Brain Autopsies in COVID-19?
Authors: Solomon Isaac H. , Singh Arjun , Folkerth Rebecca D. , Mukerji Shibani S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeuropathological findings have been published from ∼900 patients who died with or from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, representing less than 0.01% of the close to 6.4 million deaths reported to the World Health Organization 2 years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this review, we extend our prior work summarizing COVID-19 neuropathology by including information on published autopsies up to June 2022, and neuropathological studies in children, COVID-19 variants, secondary brain infections, ex vivo brain imaging, and autopsies performed in countries outside of the United States or Europe. We also summarize research studies that investigate mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in nonhuman primates and other models. While a pattern of cerebrovascular pathology and microglial-predominant inflammation remains the primary COVID-19-associated neuropathological finding, there is no singular understanding of the mechanisms that underlie neurological symptoms in acute COVID-19 or the post-acute COVID-19 condition. Thus, it is paramount that we incorporate microscopic and molecular findings from brain tissue into what we know about the clinical disease so that we attain best practice guidance and direct research priorities for the study of the neurological morbidity of COVID-19.
Social origin and political participation: does education compensate for or reinforce family advantages and disadvantages?
Authors: Barsegyan Vardan , Knigge Antonie , Maas Ineke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhether educational attainment compensates for or reinforces family disadvantages in political participation is currently a debated topic. Previous research has shown a consistent relationship between social origin and political participation in Western societies: individuals originating from low-socioeconomic-status families participate in politics less than those from high-socioeconomic-status families, which violates the democratic requirement of equality of political voice. In this paper, we investigate whether secondary education compensates for or reinforces the political inequality shaped by social origin. We used a German representative sample of 1012 identical twins aged 21–25 and applied family fixed effects regression models, which allowed us to control for measured and unmeasured social and genetic confounding. We found a positive effect of educational attainment on participation, which is most likely causal. Family disadvantage resulting from low parental education is compensated for by children finishing the academic track (Gymnasium) as opposed to the lower vocational track (Hauptschule). At the same time, family advantage originating from high parental occupational status is reinforced for children completing the academic track. We found no advantage nor disadvantage, compensation nor reinforcement, related to parental income. We conclude that compensation and reinforcement of family disadvantage may remain unnoticed if components of parental SES are not distinguished.
Prediction of four Si3N4 compounds by first-principles calculations
Authors: Wu Qiaohe , Huo Zhongtang , Chen Chong , Li Xiuqing , Wang Zhou , Wang Changji , Zhang Lianjie , Gao Yufei , Xiong Mei , Pan Kunming 
Published: April 2023

Four Si3N4 crystal structures were predicted using an ab initio evolutionary methodology. The mechanical and dynamic stabilities were confirmed by the density functional theory assuming zero-pressure conditions. Energetic stability calculations indicated that the structures are metastable phases at ambient pressure, but their formation is more favorable at high pressures. At zero pressure, the densities of the hp-Si3N4, cp-Si3N4, oc-Si3N4, and ti-Si3N4 phases were 3.21, 3.28, 3.70, and 3.24 g/cm3, respectively. The calculated band structures and densities of states indicated that they have semiconductive properties, with gaps ranging from 0.754 to 3.968 eV. Mechanical property calculations revealed that the hardness of the Si3N4 compounds ranged between 11.2 and 23.3 GPa, which were higher than the corresponding values for the synthesized Si3N4 phases. These four Si3N4 structures are potentially valuable candidates for the synthesis of Si3N4 compounds.
Recombination processes in MBE grown Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44
Authors: Gandan Shumithira , Pinel Lucas L. G. , Morales Juan S. D. , Ng Jo Shien , Tan Chee Hing , Ochalski Tomasz 
Published: April 2023

Quaternary AlGaAsSb alloys have exhibited low excess noise characteristics as gain regions in avalanche photodiodes. In this work, optical spectroscopy techniques are used to demonstrate the recombination dynamics in molecular beam epitaxy grown Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 with temperature variation. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements at 8–50 K show that the bandgap varies from 1.547 to 1.527 eV. The radiative recombination processes in the alloy were found to be dictated by the complexities of antimony (Sb) incorporation during the growth. Time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements show a change in initial carrier lifetimes of ∼3.5 µs at 8 K to ∼1 µs at 30 K. The knowledge of carrier dynamics from optical characterization methods such as PL and TRPL can be employed to contribute to shorter feedback loops for improvement of alloy fabrication in addition to enhancing growth processes.
STING-dependent interferon signatures restrict osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in mice
Authors: MacLauchlan Susan , Kushwaha Priyanka , Tai Albert , Chen Sijia , Manning Catherine , Swarnkar Gaurav , Abu-Amer Yousef , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Sharma Shruti , Gravallese Ellen M. 
Published: April 2023

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key mediator of type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling in response to a variety of stimuli, but the contribution of STING to homeostatic processes is not fully characterized. Previous studies showed that ligand activation of STING limits osteoclast differentiation in vitro through the induction of IFNβ and IFN-I interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In a disease model (SAVI) driven by the V154M gain-of-function mutation in STING, fewer osteoclasts form from SAVI precursors in response to receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in an IFN-I-dependent manner. Due to the described role of STING-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis in activation settings, we sought to determine whether basal STING signaling contributes to bone homeostasis, an unexplored area. Using whole-body and myeloid-specific deficiency, we show that STING signaling prevents trabecular bone loss in mice over time and that myeloid-restricted STING activity is sufficient for this effect. STING-deficient osteoclast precursors differentiate with greater efficiency than wild types. RNA sequencing of wild-type and STING-deficient osteoclast precursor cells and differentiating osteoclasts reveals unique clusters of ISGs including a previously undescribed ISG set expressed in RANKL naïve precursors (tonic expression) and down-regulated during differentiation. We identify a 50 gene tonic ISG signature that is STING dependent and shapes osteoclast differentiation. From this list, we identify interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) as a tonic STING-regulated ISG that limits osteoclast formation. Thus, STING is an important upstream regulator of tonic IFN-I signatures shaping the commitment to osteoclast fates, providing evidence for a nuanced and unique role for this pathway in bone homeostasis.
A marathon to nowhere
Authors: Babić Zdravko , Vuković-Stamatović Milica , Bratić Vesna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The paper examines the accession is a race metaphor in the online news articles published in three Western Balkans’ countries (Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Hercegovina), in the context of their accession to the EU. Through the methodological lens of the conceptual metaphor theory and critical metaphor analysis, our study shows that the conceptualisation of the accession as a race might purport different, even mutually conflicted political stances, i.e. it can have a laudatory function praising those at the forefront of the “race”, while at the same time calling for patience invoking the picture of the race as a marathon, long and exhausting, demanding in both time and stamina. Without delving further into the political reasons, concerns and vested interests of the stakeholders involved, what can be said with much certainty is that both the EU and the regional officials have made some creative excuses for the excessive duration of the EU integration process for the WB’s countries, and these have been analysed in the present study. The analysis has shown that the “finish line” of the race (the accession itself), long or short, is far less important in the regional news discourse than reaching further out than your co-runners, i.e. your immediate neighbours and competitors.
Virtual photon approach of cathodoluminescence and ion-beam induced luminescence of solids
Authors: Costantini Jean-Marc , Ogawa Tatsuhiko , Gourier Didier 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A novel analysis of cathodoluminescence (CL) and ion-beam induced luminescence (IBIL) is presented on the basis of virtual photon spectra (VPS) produced by charged particles (electrons or ions) passing by luminescent species such as defects or impurities, in wide band-gap ionic-covalent solids. A discussion is provided for irradiations in a wide range of charged particle kinetic energy by using the Weizsäcker-Williams theory. The computed VPS are found to decay rapidly as a function of virtual photon (VP) energy regardless of particle energy, for close or distant collisions. The electron-energy dependence of experimental CL spectra of sapphire (α-Al2O3) is discussed in relation to the computed VPS for the primary and secondary electrons. The experimental IBIL spectra of α-Al2O3 are also analyzed in this framework for protons and helium ions in the MeV energy range. The variations of stopping power are consistent with the variation of the number of emitted VPs. The decay of IBIL yield versus ion stopping power is discussed on the basis of the variation of the computed VPS, and ionization and excitation induced by primary ions and secondary electrons. This decay is accounted for by a decrease of the yield of low-energy secondary electrons with the subsequent VP emission.
Iteratively weighted least squares solution for universal 3D similarity transformation
Authors: Zhang Chenghua , Zhao Zhangyan , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The 3D similarity coordinate transformation is widely used to estimate the transformation parameters for measurement datum transformation. Accurate and reliable transformation parameters are crucial for accurate and reliable data integration. However, the accuracy of the transformation parameters can be significantly affected or even severely distorted when the observed coordinates are contaminated by gross errors. To address this problem, an advanced iteratively weighted least squares solution based on the weighted least squares is proposed. This solution utilizes the singular value decomposition method to obtain the rotation matrix and introduces a novel weight estimation approach based on Gaussian function. This approach enables the weight to be normalized and optimized iteratively. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm, the root mean square errors from both true and pseudo-observed values are analyzed by simulation experiments. Furthermore, the results of simulated and empirical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the influence of gross errors to obtain reliable measurement datum transformation parameters. It should be noted that the new algorithm can easily be extended to the 2D/3D affine and rigid transformation cases, such as image matching, point cloud registration, and absolute orientation of photogrammetry.
Bimetallic PdY nanosponges for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Ren Hang , Liu Songliang , Deng Kai , Yu Hongjie , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Controlling the morphology and composition of Pd-based catalysts is the key to construct highly efficient electrocatalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, rare Earth element Y-doped Pd nanosponge (PdY NSs) are prepared by one-step reduction approach using NaBH4 as reductant, which are employed for ORR under 0.1 M KOH. The PdY NSs with plentiful voids can offer a large number of active sites and improve the mass transfer for ORR. Moreover, the introduction of Y alters the electronic structure of Pd, thus promoting the dissociation and adsorption of oxygen. Therefore, the prepared PdY NSs display superior ORR activity and durability to the Pd NSs and Pd black, highlighting the introduction of rare Earth element on the enhancement of ORR performance for Pd-based catalysts.