bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the universal defense for query-based audio adversarial attacks on speech recognition system
Authors: Guo Feng , Sun Zheng , Chen Yuxuan , Ju Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, studies show that deep learning-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs), which add a small amount of noise to the original audio examples. These AE attacks pose new challenges to deep learning security and have raised significant concerns about deploying ASR systems and devices. The existing defense methods are either limited in application or only defend on results, but not on process. In this work, we propose a novel method to infer the adversary intent and discover audio adversarial examples based on the AEs generation process. The insight of this method is based on the observation: many existing audio AE attacks utilize query-based methods, which means the adversary must send continuous and similar queries to target ASR models during the audio AE generation process. Inspired by this observation, We propose a memory mechanism by adopting audio fingerprint technology to analyze the similarity of the current query with a certain length of memory query. Thus, we can identify when a sequence of queries appears to be suspectable to generate audio AEs. Through extensive evaluation on four state-of-the-art audio AE attacks, we demonstrate that on average our defense identify the adversary’s intent with over $$90\%$$

90
%

accuracy. With careful regard for robustness evaluations, we also analyze our proposed defense and its strength to withstand two adaptive attacks. Finally, our scheme is available out-of-the-box and directly compatible with any ensemble of ASR defense models to uncover audio AE attacks effectively without model retraining.
Fecal microbiota of the synanthropic golden jackal (Canis aureus)
Authors: Lapid Roi , Motro Yair , Craddock Hillary , Khalfin Boris , King Roni , Bar-Gal Gila Kahila , Moran-Gilad Jacob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe golden jackal (Canis aureus), is a medium canid carnivore widespread throughout the Mediterranean region and expanding into Europe. This species thrives near human settlements and is implicated in zoonoses such as rabies. This study explores for the first time, the golden jackal fecal microbiota. We analyzed 111 fecal samples of wild golden jackals using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing the connection of the microbiome to animal characteristics, burden of pathogens and geographic and climate characteristics. We further compared the fecal microbiota of the golden jackal to the black-backed jackal and domestic dog. We found that the golden jackal fecal microbiota is dominated by the phyla Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. The golden jackal fecal microbiota was associated with different variables, including geographic region, age-class, exposure to rabies oral vaccine, fecal parasites and toxoplasmosis. A remarkable variation in the relative abundance of different taxa was also found associated with different variables, such as age-class. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis found abundance of specific taxons in each region, Megasphaera genus in group 1, Megamonas genus in group 2 and Bacteroides coprocola species in group 3. We also found a different composition between the fecal microbiota of the golden jackal, blacked-backed jackal and the domestic dog. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis found abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides genera in the golden jackal, Clostridia class in blacked-backed jackal and Megamonas genus in domestic dog. The golden jackal fecal microbiota is influenced by multiple factors including host traits and pathogen burden. The characterization of the microbiota of this thriving species may aid in mapping its spread and proximity to human settlements. Moreover, understanding the jackal microbiota could inform the study of potential animal and human health risks and inform control measures.
The Effectiveness of Fermi Problem-Based Learning on Improving Communication Skills among United Arab Emirates Cycle Two Students
Authors: Bani-Hamad Adwan Mohammad Hasan , Al-Kalbani Mouza Saif Ali 
Published: August 2023

Communication skills are necessary for students to empower them in facing new global challenges. Thus, this study employed Fermi Problem-based Learning to improve communication skills in teaching Science among the Cycle Two students in United Arab Emirates. It also examined the effectiveness of this strategy between grade 7 and grade 8 students. This study used quasi-experiment design. The instrument for research was pre and post-test using Communication Skills which was prepared by the researcher. The participants purposively selected according to a certain criterion, then divided for the experimental group, consisting of 15 grade seven and eight students, from Ramah Primary and Secondary School, they were taught Science units using the Fermi Problem-Solving method for 6-weeks, Whereas the control group consisted of 15 grade seven and eight students who were taught the same science units using traditional methods. The data were analysed using the Two Way ANCOVA to determine the effectiveness of the strategy on improving their communication skills and to determine the variation in the effectiveness of the strategy between grade 7 and grade 8 students. The findings revealed the effectiveness of the Fermi problem based learning strategy in developing the communication skills in teaching Science among the United Arab Emirates Cycle Two students. The findings also demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the strategy amongst grade 7 and grade 8 students. Thus, Fermi Problem-Based learning is considered an effective strategy in teaching Science and in improving students’ communication skills and suitable for all Cycle Two students. In addition, this strategy can help teachers to integrate Fermi Problem-Solving into their teaching practice in order to achieve the objective of teaching science in the 21st century.
Effects of model membranes on lysozyme amyloid aggregation
Authors: Burrelli Annaclaudia , Moretti Paolo , Gerelli Yuri , Ortore Maria Grazia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study of the interaction between lipid membranes and amyloidogenic peptides is a turning point for understanding the processes involving the cytotoxicity of peptides involved in neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we perform an experimental study of model membrane–lysozyme interaction to understand how the formation of amyloid fibrils can be affected by the presence of polar and zwitterionic phospholipid molecules (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [POPC] and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol [POPG]). The study was conducted above and below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) using dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Our results show that the presence of phospholipids appears to be a factor favoring the formation of amyloid aggregates. Spectrophotometric and DLS data revealed that the quantity of

β

{\rm{\beta }}

-structure increases in the presence of POPG and POPC at different concentrations. The presence of POPG and POPC increases the speed of the nucleation process, without altering the overall structures of the fibrillar final products.
Youth and Intergenerational Transmission of Cultural Intelligence in Latvia, Spain and Turkey
Authors: Kacane Ilze , Şentürk Yıldırım , Rovira Martínez Marta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article is based on the data obtained from the qualitative research on intergenerational dynamics of cultural socialization representing 31 family cases in Latvia, Catalonia (Spain), and Turkey. It is aimed at exploring in what ways young people’s (age range 14–25) cultural intelligence is shaped and how the degrees of openness to inter-group communication are developed. The article focuses on the everyday interactions of young people around their neighbourhoods, by examining their reported perceptions and modes of participation. It also explores the experience of young people with cultural diversity, and cultural interactions as a cultural capital, including how intergenerational relationships and dynamics take part in the formation of cultural intelligence of young people. The research findings on the transmission of cultural intelligence demonstrate that openness and experience are crucial in adapting to various forms of intergroup communication, such as intercultural processes, culturally diverse environments, and interactions with people from different cultures. Consequently, expanding cross-cultural experiences and broadening experiences can effectively challenge and redefine stereotypical biases, ultimately reaching broader segments of societies and enhancing effective communication both within the home country and beyond.
Same but different: towards taxonomic status of Myotis ater (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the mainland Asia
Authors: Kruskop Sergei V. , Solovyeva Evgeniya N. , Dudorova Anastasia V. , Artyushin Ilya V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Myotis muricola species group, being common and widespread across South-East Asia and Australasia, is highly complicated from a taxonomy point, and a combined use of different methods is required to solve subjects of its phylogeny, taxonomy and species delimitation. We try to use nuclear DNA for clarification of the taxonomic position and status of the Moluccan whiskered bat, Myotis ater, and in particular its population from mainland Asia mainland Asia. Following our results, individual nuclear markers showed weak phylogenetic signal and commonly provide controversial and low-supported topologies. The combined analysis of several nuclear genes gives a tree topology similar to the mitochondrial one, but with greatly smaller distances. Mitochondrial data, as well as morphometric data, show a separation of M. ater from M. muricola and, at the same time, a similar level of diversification between island and continental populations of M. ater. Unfortunately, nuDNA data at our disposal is not enough to come to reliable conclusions, but we may assume that continental Asia is inhabited by an undescribed taxon related to M. ater.
Circular Economy in the Roman Period and the Early Middle Ages – Methods of Analysis for a Future Agenda
Authors: Bavuso Irene , Furlan Guido , Intagliata Emanuele E. , Steding Julia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, studies on reuse practices in premodern societies have multiplied. Nonetheless, a linear model (production – usage – discard) is still widely employed for describing past economic systems. Integrating it with a circular model, instead of assuming that products were discarded after their usage, would greatly benefit our knowledge of ancient and medieval economies. In this work, we present a model of circular economy and define the terms used in this context. Thereafter, a possible agenda on how to study circularity both through archaeological material and written sources is traced. This covers archaeological fieldwork methods, as well as the process of interpretation and the re-evaluation of old data. It also proposes new strategies to use and read written sources to explore reuse practices. If different theoretical and methodological approaches are combined, a more holistic and vivid picture of premodern economies can be gained and help our understanding of how past societies used the resources available to them.
An improved compact propulsion system model based on batch normalize deep neural network
Authors: Fang Juan , Zheng Qiangang , Zhang Haibo , Jin Chongwen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aero-engine on-board steady state model is an important part of many advanced engine control algorithms. In order to build a high accuracy and real-time steady-state onboard model in a large envelope, an ICPSM (improved compact propulsion system model) based on batch normalize neural network is proposed in this paper. Compared with piecewise linearization model and support vector machine model, conventional CPSM which is mainly composed of baseline model and nonlinear sub model has the advantages of high real-time performance and small data storage. However, as the similarity conversion error increases with the distance from the design point, the cumulative error of the conventional baseline model also increases, which makes the model unable to maintain high accuracy in the full envelope. Thus, a high accuracy baseline model in full envelope based on batch normalize neural network is proposed in this paper. The simulation result shows that compared with the conventional compact propulsion system model, the percentage error of parameters of the improved compact propulsion system model based on the batch neural network is reduced by two times, the single step operation time is reduced by 18%, and the data storage of the onboard model is reduced as well.
An improved aerodynamic performance optimization method of 3-D low Reynolds number rotor blade
Authors: Zhang Shuyi , Yang Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an improved aerodynamic performance optimization method for 3-D low Reynolds number (Re) rotor blade is proposed. A conventional optimization procedure of blade is usually divided into three parts, such as the parameterization method, the fitness value evaluation and the optimization algorithm. This work is mainly focused on the first two parts. The parametrization method, Camber-FFD, is presented based on the camber parametrization method and the free-form deformation algorithm (FFD). The shape of 3-D blade is parameterized by the incidence angles and the coordinates of the maximum camber points. The fitness value evaluation has been realized with the help of an adaptive topological back propagation multi-layer forward artificial neural network (BP-MLFANN). During the training of BP-MLFANN, the hybrid particle swarm optimization method combined with the modified very fast simulate annealing algorithm (HPSO-MVFSA) is adopted to determine the neural network topology adaptively. To verify the effectiveness of this aerodynamic optimization method, the aerodynamic performance of a 3-D low-Re blade, such as Blade D900, is optimized, and the results are compared and analyzed based on the experiments and simulations. It is proved that this aerodynamic optimization method is feasible.
Effect of rotor–stator rim cavity flow on the turbine
Authors: Jia Xingyun , Wang Wenhao , Shi Hongrui , Zhang Le , He Lidong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Relative high pressure in the rotor–stator (RS) cavity helps to improve its seal effectiveness. However, every 1% increase in the cavity flow results in a decrease of the stage power of turbine by about 0.32% and a decrease in the aerodynamic efficiency by about 0.33%. With rim cavity flow, the pressure distribution in the suction side of rotor blade domain and the turbine flow structure show obvious circumferential differences, which are caused by the interactions between the RS cavity flow and the mainstream. The flow characteristic in the false externally-induced ingress in rim clearance is proposed for the first time to reveal the flow mechanism in the effect of RS rim cavity flow on the turbine.
Hot gas ingestion in chute rim seal clearance of gas turbine
Authors: Jia Xingyun , Dong Huaiyu , Ming Yuzhou , Wu Yue , He Lidong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver was used to calculate, using a test rig to verify the accuracy. The interaction mechanism between different sealed cooling air and gas ingestion at the rotor-stator cavity and chute rim clearance has been investigated. Several groups of representative sealed cooling air flow were selected to explore the cooling efficiency, flow characteristics, tangential and radial velocity ratios in the cavity and the pressure potential field characteristics of trailing edge. The conclusions are obtained: the sealed cooling air flow rate has a significant marginal effect on the sealing effect. The gas ingestion behavior under the small sealed cooling air flow belongs to the disc cavity intrusion, and the intrusion and outflow regions at the of rim clearance are obviously divided into the intrusion characteristic section and the outflow characteristic section. The ingestion behavior under large sealed cooling air flow belongs to clearance ingestion, and the intrusion flow is limited to the chute rim clearance position, which cannot be further penetrated into the cavity. At this time, the clearance area and the cavity area become independent, and the gas ingestion characteristics depend more on the internal flow of the clearance and the vortex structure formed.
Detection and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases production among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections
Authors: Fares R. , Debabza M. , Mechai A. 
Published: August 2023

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) have become an important public health problem with a substantial economic burden, as they lead to more complicated infections, longer duration of treatment, and increases in patient mortality. A total of 1267 urine samples were collected from patients during the period of 2018 to 2020. The isolates were identified based on colony morphology and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Resistant isolates to third generation cephalosporins were tested for ESBL production by double-disk synergy test (DDST), DDST methods on MH agar plates supplemented with cloxacillin and by confirmatory double disk test (DDT). 400 strains causing UTIs were identified and classified as members of Enterobacteriaceae. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that 68.5% (274/400) of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The overall prevalence of ESBL-E was 59.5% (238/400). The highest frequencies of ESBL-E were observed in internal medicine devices (68/400) and the highest ESBL production was observed in E. coli (85/238). The ESBL producing isolates were significantly resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins compared to non-ESBL producers. However, those ESBL-E strains were sensitive to imipenem (80.2%) and nitrofurantoin (87.8%). High levels of MDR strains and ESBL-E in our study highlights the need for applying specific infection control measures, and accordingly we urge physicians to opt for specific strategies for regular surveillance of uropathogenic bacteria.
Role of environmental conditions in structuring the stock trajectory of Thunnus albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus in the South Pacific Region
Authors: Singh A. A. 
Published: August 2023

The lifestyle and culture of South Pacific Island countries have been long intertwined with oceanic resources. These countries are heavily dependent on tuna resources for their economies and socioeconomic livelihoods. Despite their importance, the mechanisms behind tuna stock trajectory patterns need to be better understood. With changing climatic and environmental conditions, it has become vital to understand the impact of these changes on tuna resources and if possible include them in long-term tuna harvest and management plans. A significant portion of the stock dynamics of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), albacore tuna (Th. alalunga) and bigeye tuna (Th. obesus) in the South Pacific Region may possibly be explained only by the environmental factors of sea surface temperature (SST) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMO. The relationship of monthly SST and AMO was investigated with time series stock patterns of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus in the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean for the years 1972 to 2019. Monthly variables that exhibited significant correlation with CPUE variables were used in the Generalised Linear Model and Generalized Additive Model to reproduce the CPUE trajectory of the three tuna species from 1972 to 2019. Results showed that a significant portion of stock dynamics of Th. albacares, Th. alalunga and Th. obesus can be explained well by two environmental conditions of SST and AMO. This shows that a large portion of tuna variation in the Eastern and Southern Pacific is related to environmental conditions. Models with single variables are evidence of the significant individual effect of SST and AMO on stock time series of each tuna species. Models with two variables had a better fit in comparison to models with a single variable for all tuna stocks. Possibilities of two significantly different patterns in the trajectory of the three tuna species and environmental conditions used in the models were also observed. The trajectory patterns seemed to change around the 1990s and had significantly different means, indicating possible regime shifts. Environmental conditions play a highly significant role in structuring tuna stock trajectory in the South Pacific and need to be included in tuna management / harvest plans to ensure sustainability of this important resource. The importance of regime shifts should be recognised and further investigated for possible inclusion in tuna sustainability plans due to their influence on long-term tuna trajectory patterns.
5-АРИЛ-7,8,9,10-ТЕТРАГІДРО-5H-ТЕТРАЗОЛО[1,5-a]ТІОПІРАНО[3,2-d]ПІРИМІДИН 6,6-ДІОКСИДИ – СИНТЕЗ НОВОГО ГЕТЕРОЦИКЛІЧНОГО АНСАМБЛЮ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МУЛЬТИКОМПОНЕНТНОЇ ХІМІЇ
Authors: Пальчиков Віталій О. , Діль Катерина В. , Оковитий Сергій І. 
Published: August 2023

Тетразоли знаходять широке застосування в багатьох галузях, таких як медицина, біохімія, фармакологія та промисловість. Враховуючи наш постійний інтерес до нових азагетероциклів на основі β-кетосульфонів, у цій роботі трикомпонентна гетероциклізація дигідро-2Н-тіопіран-3(4Н)-он-1,1-діоксиду, 1Н-тетразол-5-аміну та ароматичного альдегідів під впливом мікрохвильового опромінення. Незалежно від умов реакції 5-арил-7,8,9,10-тетрагідро-5Н-тетразоло[1,5-a]тіопірано[3,2-d]піримідин 6,6-діоксиди були виділені як єдині продукти реакції. від хороших до відмінних урожаїв. Наскільки нам відомо, згадані азагетероцикли є новими гетероциклічними ансамблями, про які раніше не повідомлялося. Запропоновані структури підтверджені спектральними методами. З огляду на лікарську схожість можна зробити висновок, що сполуки відповідають параметрам правил Ліпінського, Гозе, Вебера, Егана та Мюгге, а також відповідають V класу гострої токсичності. Скринінг in silico біологічного профілю нових похідних продемонстрував адекватні властивості ADMET разом із високими (60 % і більше) рівнями ймовірності активності проти таких збудників/захворювань, як Candida albicans, Alphis gossypii, Tripomastigote Chagas, Tcruzi amastigota, Tcruzi epimastigota тощо.