bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focus and methodological adaptations of qualitative research during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review and textual narrative synthesis
Authors: Haruna Aminu Ango , Ogbodo Stephen Chukwuma 
Published: July 2023

Research is a vital driver of the response to health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to characterize the application of qualitative research during the COVID-19 pandemic, with two primary objectives: identifying the qualitative research methods and adaptations applied, and summarizing the research questions which the studies sought to answer. CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched for qualitative studies relating to COVID-19 and published between January 2020 and November 2021. Articles were screened and included in the review using pre-defined eligibility criteria. A total of 535 articles met the inclusion criteria, mostly from North America and Europe. An observed methodological adaptation was a surge in virtually conducted research – most studies collected data through interviews, 52% of which were conducted virtually using telephone or teleconferencing technology. Similarly, 27% of the focus group discussions and 20% of the ethnographies were conducted virtually. A textual narrative synthesis of all reviewed studies identified four major groups: health-related studies, education-related studies, studies about vaccine acceptance, and studies in specific population groups, such as the elderly, ethnic minorities, and working-class women in patriarchal contexts. There was a seeming neglect of the experience of youths, and insufficient attention has been paid to the dynamics of medical distrust with regard to vaccine hesitancy. Qualitative research has been applied to extensively explore people’s perceptions and experiences of the pandemic. The progressive improvement of virtual research methods will be beneficial for future pandemic preparedness. More representation of research from under-resourced regions of the world is also needed.
Treatment of Symptomatic Residual Deformity in Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Novais Eduardo N. , Ferraro Samantha L. , Justo Pedro G. , Ferrer Mariana G. , Miller Patricia , Kim Young-Jo , Millis Michael B. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Treating patients with symptomatic hips after healed Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is challenging, mainly because of the complexity of the deformity. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes, measure the survival rate, and identify predictors of failure following a surgical hip dislocation (SHD) with femoral-head reshaping and relative femoral-neck lengthening for the treatment of symptomatic residual hip deformity after healed LCPD.

Methods:
We identified 60 patients undergoing SHD for the treatment of symptomatic residual LCPD deformity. Fifty-one (85%) of the patients (mean age, 16.3 ± 4.7 years; 21 male patients [41%]), were followed ≥4 years after surgery. We defined surgical failure as conversion to, or recommendation for, total hip arthroplasty (THA) or a Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score of ≥10 at the most recent follow-up. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to identify factors that were predictive of failure. The rate of survival free from failure was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve.

Results:
Twenty (39%) of the patients met 1 of the end-point criteria for surgical failure, while the hips of the remaining 31 (61%) of the patients were successfully preserved at a median follow-up of 10.2 years (interquartile range, 5.7 to 12.9 years). The estimated survival was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 70% to 92%) at 5 years and 66% (95% CI = 53% to 81%) at 10 years. Independent factors associated with surgical failure were the severity of preoperative pain as assessed by the WOMAC pain score (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.30; p = 0.01) and the severity of the deformity as assessed by the anteroposterior alpha angle (HR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.11; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
We found that SHD with relative femoral-neck lengthening and osteochondroplasty of the femoral head-neck junction was associated with improved deformity as assessed radiographically and decreased pain and symptoms of stiffness among patients with symptomatic residual LCPD deformity. Preoperative pain and deformity were identified as predictors of surgical failure. Further research is needed to establish the role of SHD and other procedures in preserving the hip over the long term.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Design, Analyze and Implementation of a Circular Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Communications
Authors: Khidhir Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Having the correct antennas is one of the most important aspects of maintaining a successful wireless network. Antennas exist in a variety of shapes and sizes, each with its own purpose. A circular patch antenna with a 2.4 GHz resonance frequency was proposed and realized in this research. This project is divided into two theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the required antenna was designed and simulated through the use of mathematical formulae and specific algorithms to achieve optimal accuracy of the specified resonance frequency. The MATLAB computer language was also used to create and design a graphical interface that calculates the basic measurements necessary by the GUIDE to design the circular antenna utilized. In addition, The computer simulation technology (CST) program is used in the simulation process is used to build the needed model and test it digitally before implementation. After the simulation, computerized numerical control (CNC) is used to manufacture the printed circuit board (PCB). The antenna used is made on flame resistant (FR-4) material to perform this work. The experimental results showed the most important parameters related to the desired antenna such as At 2.360 GHz, the return loss (RL), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and input impedance (Zin) are − 25.72 dB, 48 MHz, 1.1092, and 53, respectively (from 2.338 to2.386 GHz). These results are close to the simulation values ​​mentioned in this research. As a result, the antenna used has good Wi-Fi performance and is desirable, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and cellular phone frequency bands (2.4 GHz) are examples of wireless communication applications phones. The purpose of this work is to improve some of the important parameters related to the quality of the proposed antenna, such as the total efficiency, gain, voltage, and input impedance, as mentioned above. These findings were confirmed by comparing them to the findings of others.
A zero-emissions global transportation sector: Advanced technologies and their energy and environmental implications
Authors: Speizer Simone , Fuhrman Jay , Aldrete Laura , George Mel , Kyle Page , Monteith Seth , McJeon Haewon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Currently responsible for over one fifth of carbon emissions worldwide, the transportation sector will need to undergo a substantial technological transition to ensure compatibility with global climate goals. Few studies have modeled aggressive strategies to achieve zero emissions across all transportation modes, including aviation and shipping, alongside an integrated analysis of feedbacks on other sectors and environmental systems. We use a global integrated assessment model to evaluate deep decarbonization scenarios for the transportation sector consistent with maintaining end-of-century warming below 1.5°C, considering varied timelines for the phase-out of fossil fuels and the implementation of advanced alternative technologies. Our most ambitious scenario eliminates transportation emissions by mid-century. We highlight the leading low-carbon technologies for each transportation mode, finding that electrification contributes most to decarbonization across the sector. Biofuels and hydrogen are particularly important for aviation and shipping, respectively. While increased emissions mitigation in the transportation sector reduces the pressure on other sectors to decarbonize, the rapid technological shifts have implications for resource demands and fuel availability.
Design of Area-speed Efficient Anurupyena Vedic Multiplier for Deep Learning Applications
Authors: M KALAISELVI C , S Sabeenian R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hardware such as multipliers and dividers is necessary for all electronic systems. This paper explores Vedic mathematics techniques for high-speed and low-area multiplication. In the study of multiplication algorithms, various bits-width ranges of the Anurupyena sutra are used. Parallelism is employed to address challenging problems in recent studies. Various designs have been developed for the FPGA implementation employing VLSI design approaches and parallel computing technology. Signal processing, machine learning, and reconfigurable computing research should be closely monitored as artificial intelligence develops. To enable deep learning algorithms, continued research should be done on energy-constrained computing technology. Multipliers and adders are key components of deep learning algorithms. The multiplier is an energy-intensive component of signal processing in ALU, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). For the DNN, this method introduces the Booth multiplier blocks and the carry-save multiplier in the Anurupyena architecture. Traditional multiplication methods like the array multiplier, Wallace multiplier, and Booth multiplier are contrasted with the Vedic mathematics algorithms. On a specific hardware platform, Vedic algorithms perform faster, use less power, and take up less space. Implementations were carried out using Verilog HDL and Xilinx Vivado 2019.1 on Kintex-7. The area and propagation delay were reduced compared to other multiplier architectures.
Kindlin-2 in myoepithelium controls luminal progenitor commitment to alveoli in mouse mammary gland
Authors: Zhang Hongquan , Wang Zhenbin , Zhang Lei , Song Jiagui , Chen Ceshi , Zhan Jun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Myoepithelium plays an important role in mammary gland development, but less is known about the molecular mechanism underlying how myoepithelium controls acinus differentiation during gestation. Herein, we found that loss of Kindlin-2 in myoepithelial cells impaired mammary morphogenesis, alveologenesis, and lactation. Using five genetically modified mouse lines combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, we found a Kindlin-2–Stat3–Dll1 signaling cascade in myoepithelial cells that inactivates Notch signaling in luminal cells and consequently drives luminal progenitor commitment to alveolar cells identity. Single-cell profiling revealed that Kindlin-2 loss significantly reduces the proportion of matured alveolar cells. Mechanistically, Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelial cells promotes Stat3 activation and upregulates Dll1, which activates the Notch pathway in luminal cells and inhibits luminal progenitor differentiation and maturation during gestation. Inhibition of Notch1 with tangeretin allowed luminal progenitors to regain commitment ability in the pregnant mice with Kindlin-2 depletion in myoepithelium. Taken together, we demonstrated that Kindlin-2 is essential to myoepithelium-controlled luminal progenitors to alveoli transition during gestation.
Prophylactic supplement with melatonin prevented the brain injury after cardiac arrest in rats through SIRT3/CypD activation and PINK1/Parkin induced mitophagy
Authors: Hu Yanan , Zhao Xuyan , Jiang Ge , Jin Mingxin , Jiang Wei , Han Fei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Prophylactic pharmacotherapy for health care in patients with high risk of cardiac arrest (CA) is an elusive and less explored strategy. Melatonin has possibilities used as a daily nutraceutical to trigger the cellular adaptation. We sought to find the effects of long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin on the victim of CA. Methods Rats were divided into sham, CA, and melatonin + CA (Mel + CA) groups. The rats in the Mel + CA group received daily IP injection of melatonin 100 mg/kg for 14 days. CA was induced by 8 mins asphyxia and followed by manual CPR. The endpoint was 24 h after resuscitation. Survival, neurological outcome, and hippocampal mitochondrial integrity, dynamics and function were assessed. Results Survival was significantly higher in the Mel + CA group than the CA group (81% vs. 42%,P = 0.04). Compared to the CA group, neurological damage in the CA1 region and the expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the Mel + CA group were decreased (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in the Mel + CA group compared to the CA group, according to the results of mitochondrial swelling, ΔΨm, ROS production, oxygen consumption rate, and respiratory control rate (P < 0.05). Melatonin increased SIRT3 and downregulated acetylated CypD. The mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy were improved in the Mel + CA group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin buy the time from brain injury after CA.
Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Advanced Cancer Patients: Associations with Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors
Authors: Mihic-Góngora Luka , Jiménez-Fonseca Paula , Gil Raquel Hernández San , Cruz-Castellanos Patricia , Fernández-Montes Ana , Caramés-Sánchez Cristina , Lee Eun Mi , Muñoz María Mar , Galan-Moral Rocío , Raga Mireia Gil , Calderon Caterina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The study assessed quality of life, psychological distress, and their associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors in patients with advanced cancer before systemic treatment initiation.
Methods
The NEOetic-SEOM study, a cross-sectional, prospective, observational, and multicenter research, involved patients with advanced cancer confirmed through histology. We collected socio-demographic details, psychological distress (BSI-18), and quality of life (EORTC-QLQ-C30) data through questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was used to construct models, and forest plots were generated to represent the proportions of patients undergoing psychological and functional difficulties.
Results
The analysis included 507 patients (mean age 64.8 years, 54% male) with prevalent cancers being lung (29%), colorectal (16%), and pancreatic (11%). The majority underwent chemotherapy (79%) and targeted or immunotherapy (38%). 71% reported moderate/severe psychological distress correlating with functional (55%) and symptom problems (87%) (p = 0.001). Depression and anxiety rates were 71% and 63%. Males and good performance status patients showed higher functional scales, while older individuals, adenocarcinoma histology, and poor ECOG had increased symptoms. Lower education correlated with higher anxiety, depression, and psychological distress, mostly in younger patients. No associations were found between clinical variables (cancer stage or site) and quality of life or distress.
Conclusion
In summary, our investigation elucidates the distinct experiences of advanced cancer patients concerning sex, age, performance status, histological subtype, and education in relation to quality of life and psychological distress. These insights underscore the necessity for personalized therapeutic approaches to cater to the multifaceted requirements of patients with advanced malignancies.
123 Classification System： Establishment and Preliminary Evaluation of CT-based Classification for Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yao Xiaoke , Song Yanan , Yin Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Establish a new classification system of distal radius fracture based on computed tomographic (CT), and evaluate its reliability and reproducibility preliminarily, and provide a new theoretical reference for clinicians to use the clinical classification system.
Methods
The imaging data and clinical data of 204 inpatients with distal radius fractures during 6 years from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2019 in orthopaedic department were analyzed retrospectively and classified based on CT. Three observers evaluated the image data of 48 randomly selected cases based on CT at different time nodes of T1 and T2. Cohen's kappa was used to calculate the consistency. At the last follow-up, patients' Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Patient Rated Risk Evaluation (PRWE), and VAS scores were collected.
Results
Among 204 cases, there were 12 cases of type 1, including 6 cases of type 1-D, 4 cases of type 1-V and 2 cases of type 1-R. There were 6 cases of type 2, including 2 cases of type 2-DV, 2 cases of type 2-DR and 2 cases of type 2-VR. There were 186 cases of type 3, including 32 cases of type 3 − 0, 127 cases of type 3 − 1 and 27 cases of type 3 − 2. There was no significant difference in DASH, PRWE and VAS scores among all types (P > 0.05). The results of interobserver reproducibility were kappa = 0.985, ICC = 0.984 in the first evaluation, kappa = 0.986, ICC = 0.986 in the second evaluation. The results of intraobserver reproducibility were O1 = 0.991, O2 = 0.991, O3 = 0.989 respectively.
Conclusions
The new classification system of distal radius fracture based on CT has theoretical and practical significance for incision selection, fracture reduction and internal fixation. 123 classification system is clear, comprehensive, easy to understand and remember. Moreover, it has higher interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility than other systems reported at present.
Association between frailty and albuminuria in the community-dwelling geriatric population: Taichung Community Health Study for Elders
Authors: Lin Chih-Hsueh , Chou Che-Yi , Li Tsai-Chung , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lin Wen-Yuan , Li Chia-Ing , Yang Chuan-Wei , Lin Cheng-Chieh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
Elderly with frailty are more at risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality than the general population. Albuminuria is a risk factor for atherosclerosis, a major cause of frailty. We investigated the association between frailty and albuminuria in community-dwelling elderly.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study for analying 1347 participants aged at least 65 years in the north district of Taichung, Taiwan. We defined the frailty phenotype as at least three characteristics: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and decreased physical activity. We collected random urine and measured all participants' albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). We analyzed the association between frailty and ACR using logistic regression with adjustments for confoundings.
Results
The average age of 1347 participants was 76 ± 7 years, and 649 (48.2%) were male. 242 (18.7) participants were robust, 853 (63.3%) participants were pre-frail, and 242 (18%) were frail. 1064 (79%) participants had an ACR < 30 mg/g; the highest ACR was 2825 mg/g. The odds ratio of ACR was 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.05–1.25, p = 0.001) with adjustments for age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes, liver function, and cholesterol.
Conclusions
Frailty is associated with urinary albuminuria in community-dwelling elderly, and this association is independent of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
SPOCK1, as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion
Authors: liu yafeng , Wu Jing , Han Tao , Zhou Jiawei , Guo Jianqiang , Miao Rui , Xu Zhi , Xing Yingru , Bai Ying , Hu Dong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune evasion is considered to contribute to poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Therefore, this study aims to explore the key oncogenes that promote EMT and immune evasion and revealed the expression patterns, prognostic value, and potential biological functions.
Methods
Firstly, we identified gene modules associated with EMT and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, we utilized differential analysis and machine learning to identify the key genes and validate them. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation between key genes and tumor microenvironment remodeling, as well as mutation frequency. Furthermore, we explored and validated their malignant biological characteristics through in vitro experiments and clinical samples. Finally, potential drugs for LUAD were screened based on our findings and validated through animal experiments.
Results
Firstly, WGCNA analysis revealed that red and green modules were highly correlated with EMT and TIDE. Among them, upregulated expression of SPOCK1 was observed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, patients in the high SPOCK1 group showed more activation of malignant oncogenic pathways, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive components, and a higher frequency of mutations. In vitro, experiments demonstrated that knockdown of SPOCK1 suppressed invasion and metastasis capabilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells, and the high expression of SPOCK1 was associated with low infiltration of CD8+ T cells. Finally, animal experiments show that VER-155008 can inhibit tumor growth.
Conclusion
SPOCK1 can promote EMT and immune escape in LUAD, and it may serve as a promising candidate prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD.
Extraterrestrial mining – A novel method for extracting minerals and metals from asteroids
Authors: Rivera Rodolfo Marin , Bird Philip , Jenkin Gawen , Abbott Andrew P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Extra-terrestrial mining is vital for access to strategic metals for space exploration and to feed an increasing terrestrial need for metals in sustainable energy generation and storage. This study demonstrates for the first time the catalytic dissolution of metals from meteorite proxies of metal-rich asteroids using a deep eutectic solvent (DES). DESs are of particular interest for extra-terrestrial mining as they can be designed to have relatively low vapour pressures and could potentially be made from waste products created in extra-terrestrial settlements. Three types of meteorites were investigated: 2 chondrites (H3, H5) and one iron (IAB-MG) meteorite. Chondrites samples were composed of silicates (olivine, pyroxene) with metallic phases occurring as native metal alloys and sulphides. Metallic Fe-Ni and troilite (FeS) are the most abundant metal-bearing phases in all three samples, particularly in the iron-rich meteorite. The samples were subjected to chemical micro-etching experiments with iodine and iron(III) chloride as oxidising agents in a DES formed from the mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG). Micro-etching experiments demonstrated that Fe-Ni phases are effectively leached out in this system, while other mineral phases remain unreactive.