bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological and Isotope-Geochemical Indicators of Early Devonian Plume–Lithosphere Interactions in the Southwestern Framing of the Siberian Craton: Data Synthesis for Magmatic Associations of the Altai–Sayan Rift System
Authors: Vorontsov A.A. , Kovalenko D.V. , Yarmolyuk V.V. , Nikiforov A.V. , Perfilova O.Yu. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
—The Early Devonian Altai–Sayan rift system (ASRS) has spread to the structures of East and West Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, and Mongolian Altay. Its largest fragments are the Tuva, Delyun–Yustyd, Kan, Agul, and Minusa basins as well as depressions in north-western Mongolia. The paper summarizes the geologic, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotope characteristics of the ASRS mafic rocks represented by nappes of moderately alkaline and alkali basalts and their subvolcanic and intrusive rock analogues. They are present in all magmatic associations and are divided into low-Ti (TiO2 = 0.2–2.2 wt.%) and high-Ti (TiO2 = 2.2–4.3 wt.%) subgroups. These rocks are characterized by wide variations in Sr isotope characteristics (εSr(T) = –16 to +30). High-Ti mafic rocks are common at the southern segment of the ASRS; they show a weak positive Ta–Nb anomaly (La/Nb = 0.8–1.1) and are relatively enriched in LREE ((La/Yb)N = 6–14) and radiogenic Nd (εNd(T) = 3.8–8.7). Low-Ti varieties are confined to the northwestern segment of the ASRS; they are enriched in Ba but depleted in Th, U, Nb, Ta (La/Nb = 1.2–2.2), Zr, Hf, LREE ((La/Yb)N = 3–7), and radiogenic Nd (εNd(T) = 2.0–6.0). Taking into account the existence of different terranes, which were combined in the structure of the Altai–Sayan folded area during accretion (ca. 500–480 Ma), we propose a model suggesting different environments of magma formation at the southern and northwestern segments of the ASRS and the relationship of magmatism with a mantle plume within the ASRS. In composition the plume corresponds to the sources of high-Ti magmas. The effect of the melted lithospheric mantle of different compositions beneath different groups of terranes led to the observed isotope-geochemical heterogeneity of mafic rocks within the ASRS, in particular, the absence of high-Ti mafic rocks from the Minusa basin.
Sweating the Asset by Extending Well Run Life Through Bp to ESP Conversion in High Viscous Oil Field
Authors: AL Shukaili Ghosin , AL Aufi Fahad , AL Ghadani Adnan , Al Kindi Said , Abbas Hawra Abdul , Al Kaabi Mohammed , Al Habsi AL Julanda , Urdaneta Gerardo , Al Abri Ibrahim , Al Ajmi Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Field A, located in the southern region of Oman, is one of the fields expertly managed and operated by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). Field A experienced a high unscheduled subsurface deferment and a high artificial failure index before 2020, resulting in decreased oil production and increased restoration costs.
Most of the wells in Field A are horizontal and completed with standalone screens and were equipped with Beam Pump (BP) or Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) artificial lift systems.
To address these problems, a thorough evaluation of the current artificial lift system was conducted with the involvement of all stakeholders. The objective was to identify the root causes and find potential solutions to reduce the overall failure rate of the pumps in the field. It was determined that frequent pump failures in Field A were mainly caused by erosion and corrosion resulting from sand and solids production.
To overcome these challenges and minimize pump failures and delays, a comprehensive conversion plan was proposed. The plan involved replacing the existing Beam Pumps with Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) based on successful trials conducted in the same area previously. Starting from 2017, a total of 71 wells underwent the conversion process, which also included deepening the pumps.
The implementation of ESPs led to a significant improvement in the overall failure rate of the artificial lift system in the field. The failure rate dropped from 28% in 2019 to 22.5% in 2021, and it continued to decrease to 19.5% in 2022. Furthermore, the occurrence of unscheduled delays in subsurface operations decreased by 85% in 2022 compared to previous years. As a result, the optimization of Field A, measured by the percentage increase in oil production, rose from 3% in 2020 to 15.3% in 2022.
A Tool for Power Quality Assessment in Electric Submersible Pump Systems with Variable Frequency Drives
Authors: Betoka-Onyama S. P. , Lingom P. M. , Hamza H. , Song-Manguelle J. , Doumbia M. L. , Kennedy S. , Radke C. , Manfoumbi W. , Ehman K. , Olson K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces an initial version of a standalone interactive numerical simulation tool for assessing power quality in electric submersible pump (ESP) applications. The tool replicates the steady-state behavior of low- and medium-voltage ESPs supplied by pulse-width modulated variable frequency drives (PWM-VFDs) at different operating points. This tool for replicating the voltage current waveforms supplied to the ESP motor and the instantaneous electromagnetic torque in the motor airgap is beneficial for electrical and non-electrical engineers involved in the design, analysis, and operation of ESP power systems. The tool is based on a rigorous modeling approach, where the induction machine and a pump load have been modeled as a two-moment inertia system connected to a multi-pi section model of the transmission cable. A low-voltage two-level VFD connected to a step-up transformer and a medium-voltage cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter has been incorporated with an optional sine wave filter (SWF). VFDs have closed-loop controllers, with their parameters tuned to accommodate system setup. Depending on the parameters of the systems, more than 1344 operating points can be simulated from the graphical interface, thus showing its wide range of use in the oil and gas industry. To demonstrate the accuracy of the method and the proposed tool, the results of this tool are compared with those from field measurements. This type of tool is new to the ESP industry. It has been covered by an intuitive easy-to-use graphical interface, where only a selection of key system parameters has been enabled and made available to the users. No advanced simulation skills are needed, time and frequency domains’ results are automatically generated and can be easily exported to reports. The tool is a Windows-based standalone software.
Top Efficiency Technologies Working in Synergy Enable a 30% Production Increase by Unlocking High-Flow Hybrid ESP Applications
Authors: Parra S. A. , Herrera R. , Donado D. , Cuesta J. , Sanchez L. M. , Leon F. , Suarez S. , Munoz D. , Garcia P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Handling high-flow production rates with conventional downhole artificial lift systems equipment has always been a challenge in mature oil fields. In the Northern Llanos field, Colombia, more than 31% wells have, in their current reservoir, high water cuts and reserves with an economic limit of 5 years. It was necessary to accelerate the acquisition of these reserves in less time than the economic limit and extract higher volumes of fluids (over 20,000 B/D).
At the first stage of this campaign, 20 high-flow-rate wells were selected as candidates for installation of a high-efficiency hybrid ESP technology. Since February 2022, the technology has been installed successfully in nine wells, thereby achieving the upsized production targets, increasing fluid production on 30% above the previous intervention, reducing energy consumption by approximately 25%, and reaching pumps efficiencies around 75%.
The hybrid high-efficiency ESP solution was developed through a detailed engineering process that included conceptualization and creation of specific add-on tools to enable high-flow ESP pumps from one manufacturer to be installed along with a high-power permanent magnet motor from another manufacturer.
The evaluation of well production behavior showed a field oil production increase of 1,200 B/D, lower water cuts, and reservoir tops drained with a new drawdown generated and double the volume of reserves (additional 800 million barrels of oil) were proved. In addition, the heavy drop in the well reserve's declination was lower than expected, which means a higher recovery factor.
Integrating technological advantages of each manufacturer along with the development of technological solutions for this integration proved successful. In this case, the complete ESP architecture composed of different technologies was not available before this current project, and it shows great potential to be implemented in additional wells in the field, in Colombia, and other countries around the world.
Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Testing of a Novel High Temperature ESP System for SAGD under Real Conditions
Authors: Klaczek W. , Robles J. , Stewart J. , Kopecky T. , Frey J. , Webster J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It has been about 10 years since High Temperature Electrical Submersible Pumps (HT ESPs) were first deployed at downhole temperatures of 250°C (482°F). Since then, these pumps have become one of the most popular forms of artificial lift for most Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) producers. Despite this popularity, the severity of the operating conditions in SAGD wells continues to present challenges to the development of new HT ESP technology. A Joint Industry Project (JIP) of major thermal operators commissioned this research to evaluate the performance of some novel HT ESP technology that was developed by Summit ESP a Halliburton Company. This novel HT ESP technology was specifically designed to operate in a SAGD environment. This paper describes the full-scale testing that was independently conducted by the JIP on this HT ESP technology using a specialized high temperature flow loop at C-FER. Testing was completed to better understand the performance and reliability of this novel HT ESP technology over a wide range of representative SAGD conditions.
The program included several diverse tests conducted at fluid temperatures up to 250°C (482°F). This included a wide range of operating conditions, including low levels of sub cool and different multiphase fluid combinations with oil, water, gas, and steam. As noted in past experimental work conducted on HT ESPs by Waldner et al. (2012), understanding the thermal profile of the ESP system (specifically the motor) as well as the effect of multiphase flow conditions on motor heat dissipation and pump hydraulic performance when operating in a SAGD wellbore are key considerations when assessing ESP systems. For this reason, additional downhole instruments were installed to monitor the temperature profile of the ESP system in the wellbore during this test. The experimental setup also included internal pressure monitoring of the ESP motor oil volume compensation system to carefully observe the interactions between the wellbore environment and ESP system performance. This paper presents an overview of the test objectives, the experimental setup (including the instrumentation), the HT ESP system, as well as a selection of key laboratory test results. Collectively this paper provides insight into the test methodology and performance of this new HT ESP under various conditions representative of a SAGD wellbore in the field.
Technical Categories: ESP Thermal Operations, New ESP Technologies
Reliability Performance of 400 Series ESPs in SAGD Wells at Surmont
Authors: Olson K. , Ehman K. , Chacin J. E. , Nespor K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Most Surmont SAGD producer wells are drilled and completed to accommodate 500 series ESPs. However, as reservoirs age, downhole completion failures occur more frequently, such as intermediate casing deformation. These failures usually lead to smaller downhole diameter drifts, which in turn require the use of smaller diameter 400 series ESPs (a.k.a., "slim hole" SAGD ESPs) in wells that otherwise would have continued to be better suited for the originally planned larger size ESP. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the reliability performance of 400 series ESPs installed at Surmont in the last few years. Analysis of fifty-nine 400 series ESP installations shows that while their reliability is lower than that of larger diameter ESPs, 400 series ESPs do provide an attractive solution to lifting in wells with smaller intermediate casing clearance. Main failure modes and how they relate to operating conditions are discussed. Finally, recommendations measures to improve 400 series equipment reliability performance are addressed.
Gas Flow Management Technology Designed to Decrease Downtime and Improve ESP Efficiency
Authors: Fulwider S. , Harding M. , Davis A. , Guanacas L. , Gonzalez G. , Campos M. , Portilla C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the configuration, design, and mechanisms of an advanced gas regulator system installed underneath the ESPs to extend the run time and stabilize operational parameters. Results are evaluated by comparing sensor parameters before and after the installation of this new technology. This engineered design consists of different stages, from the isolation of the pump intake, a pressure balance regulator valve, and a Vortex generator in charge of breaking gas bubbles. Multiple Engineering concepts were applied in the construction of this solution, including flow homogenization, pressure balance between fluid level and the bottom hole pressure (BHP), changes in pressure and velocity, gas dispersion, and an additional sand separator (Optional). In this case, the sand separation feature was not used since the well did not present any sand-related historical issues.
The case study presented in this paper is from a horizontal well located in the Midland basin/Midland County. This well had a history of multiple shutdowns, erratic current behavior, unstable PIP, and high motor temperature peaks, all caused by a high GLR. The well produced a GOR of 5,959.6 SCF/STB and a GLR of 1,609 SCF/STB. The Gas Flow Management technology was selected to be installed in this well to deal with the slugging effect and high GLR conditions. The key was to stabilize the sensor parameters to help the ESP provide a smoother operation, which will provide higher efficiency (less downtime). After the installation, the ESP was able to reduce the PIP from 700 psi down to 465 psi without any shutdown due to gas, and the fluctuations in motor temperature were eliminated. The current and frequency have remained stable, allowing the correct operation of the pump.
Electric Submersible Pump Reliability Improvement Lean Six Sigma (LSS) Study
Authors: AlKhalifa Mohammed A. , Pessoa Rui F. , Chandramouli Ramasubramanian , Elaimani Rachid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Electric Submersible Pumping (ESP) is a common artificial lift method when technically viable for high flow rate application. ESP reliability, on the other hand, is sensitive to multiple factors during its life cycle from contracting all the way to failure analysis. This paper summarizes the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology that was followed to assess ESP run life performance and to enhance ESP reliability. The study scope covered the ESP downhole equipment full life cycle which includes the design, manufacturing, storage and handling, installation, commissioning and operation.
Subject matter experts and LSS consultants teamed to assess ESP performance. The approach included visiting key ESP supplier manufacturing facilities to walkthrough their processes, brainstorming ESP failure potential causes, analyzing historic data, identifying root causes, and developing and implementing recommendations to prolong ESP run life.
The study allowed developing recommendations that impact ESP design and manufacturing, well conditions, vendor's field technical competencies and operational compliance. Following that, an implementation plan was developed. Additionally, a quarterly report is being issued to ensure all stakeholders are well updated on the implementation status and any changes. Other key milestones accomplished included ESP performance benchmarking with other regions, and development of an ESP performance management portal to enable ESP engineers to better monitor and control the end-to-end ESP performance.
After completing the LSS study and implementing its recommendations, ESP replacement jobs due to ESP failures were significantly reduced resulting in a major cost avoidance. Further improvements are also expected in the coming years.
Collaborative Development of a Shared ESP Troubleshooting Guidelines Document
Authors: Kennedy S. , Babatunde T. , Gaviria F. , Delaloye R. , Waldner L. , Radke C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When an electric submersible pump (ESP) has tripped or is not operating as intended, operators need to quickly assess the underlying factors to determine if any corrective measures can be taken and if the ESP needs to be pulled. To assist, a new Troubleshooting Guidelines Document (TGD) has been collaboratively developed, incorporating the knowledge and experience of several ESP operators with diverse ESP applications and geographies.
The TGD development involved a group of ESP operators agreeing on a logical and easy-to-follow document structure, reviewing and consolidating existing industry resources, and contributing technical knowledge based on the operators’ own experiences and internal practices. The focus was on documenting the knowledge and experience required to ask the right questions during a troubleshooting scenario, which is often stored only in the minds of experienced individuals (sometimes referred to as institutional knowledge). Asking the right questions during troubleshooting can help operators avoid unnecessary well interventions and reduce the time required to bring the system back online.
The TGD is intended to serve as a technical reference for anyone involved in ESP troubleshooting and to provide the end-user with a structured troubleshooting workflow and list of questions to ask and probable solutions. This paper will illustrate the workflow based on two example ESP troubleshooting scenarios. The workflow starts with a set of observations describing the symptoms of the problem and leads to the identification of potential contributing factors, diagnostic checks, and corrective actions. The example scenarios will illustrate the structured workflow for complex troubleshooting situations and highlight some aspects or questions that may often be overlooked. The TGD is intended to compliment, not replace, operator site specific procedures and best practices and provides reminders that only competent and qualified personnel should execute troubleshooting tasks.
The TGD is considered a "living" document, with new experience, tools, technologies, and knowledge being continually added. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the only shared, living ESP troubleshooting document of its kind that contains input from multiple ESP applications and geographies. The troubleshooting procedure outlined in the paper can be used in any ESP application and can provide a structured way for companies to capture and apply their ESP troubleshooting experience.
Cell chirality reversal through tilted balance between polymerization of radial fibers and clockwise-swirling of transverse arcs
Authors: Kwong Hoi Kwan , Lam Miu Ling , Wu Siying , Chung Cho Fan , Chu Lok Ting , Chow Hiu Lam , Hartanto Hogi , Liu Wengang , Chen Ting-Hsuan , Wu Jianpeng , Lim King Hoo , Chow Kwan Ting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Cell chirality is an intrinsic property shown as biased cell rotation or orientation. While the righthanded helix of actin is known essential, it is intriguing of how single form of molecular handedness can be manifested into diverse and even mirrored forms of cell chirality. Here, we found that cell nucleus rotates with clockwise (CW) bias with smaller projected area but reverses to anticlockwise (ACW) bias when cell spreading increases. Actin analysis suggests that polymerization of righthanded radial fibers accounts for the ACW bias, while the CW bias is driven by the retrograde flow of CW-swirling transverse arc, which originates from tethered myosin II that simultaneously connect radial fibers and transverse arc. Thus, by tilting the balance between these two classes of actin fibers via cell spreading area or the main factors of actin, i.e., myosin II, α-actinin-1, Tpm4, and mDia2, the single form of actin helix can be unfolded into cell chirality with opposite bias. This finding suggests a mechanistic insight of cell chirality reversal, providing new perspective in mechanobiology and tissue formation.
Comparison of Swallowing Measures to Patient-Reported Dysphagia Symptoms in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.
Authors: Delaney Timothy , McCarroll Liane , Ebersole Barbara , Palladino Olivia , Donocoff Kathleen , Lango Miriam , Liu Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Compare subjective patient-reported outcome scores on SWAL-QOL and swallowing safety as measured by Penetration-Aspiration Scale on objective swallowing studies Modified Barium Swallow Study and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in Head and Neck Cancer patients.
Study Design
Retrospective Case Series.
Setting
A single academic center.
Methods
Patients completed a SWAL-QOL survey and an objective swallowing study. On the SWAL-QOL, the seven domains of burden, desire, duration, food selection, fear, mental health, and social role were used in scoring to create a Dysphagia Domain Score. Penetration-aspiration scale was used to represent swallowing safety. A Dysphagia Domain Score with an associated Penetration-Aspiration Score constituted a paired data point. Data on primary tumor site, T-stage, and treatment modality was collected.
Results
A total of 253 paired data points were included in this study. A statistically significant relationship between Penetration-Aspiration Score and Dysphagia Domain Score was observed (p<.05, chi sq). When stratified by tumor site, Penetration-Aspiration Score and Dysphagia Domain Score relationships were significant for oral cavity and larynx subsites. When stratified by T-stage, only T4 tumors had a statistically significant relationship between Penetration-Aspiration Score and Dysphagia Domain Score. Patients were also observed to have less dysphagia symptoms with elevated Penetration-Aspiration Score as they were further removed from treatment.
Conclusion
Understanding how subjective and objective measures of swallowing function overlap will better inform the assessment of HNC patients. Further research should focus on how to incorporate these complementary assessments to better formulate clinical recommendations.
Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to Protected Health Information which they contain but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.