bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoid modeling of lung-resident immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kuo Calvin , Choi Shannon , Unen Vincent van , Zhang Huimin , Rustagi Arjun , Alwahabi Samira , Santos António , Chan Joshua , Lam Brandon , Solis Daniel , Mah Jordan , Röltgen Katharina , Trope Winston , Guh-Siesel Alexander , Lin Zhongqi , Beck Aimee , Edwards Caitlin , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Martin Brock , Dunn James , Shrager Joseph , Baric Ralph , Pinsky Benjamin , Boyd Scott , Blish Catherine , Davis Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tissue-resident immunity underlies essential host defenses against pathogens, but analysis in humans has lacked in vitro model systems where epithelial infection and accompanying resident immune cell responses can be observed en bloc. Indeed, human primary epithelial organoid cultures typically omit immune cells, and human tissue resident-memory lymphocytes are conventionally assayed without an epithelial infection component, for instance from peripheral blood, or after extraction from organs. Further, the study of resident immunity in animals can be complicated by interchange between tissue and peripheral immune compartments. To study human tissue-resident infectious immune responses in isolation from secondary lymphoid organs, we generated adult human lung three-dimensional air-liquid interface (ALI) lung organoids from intact tissue fragments that co-preserve epithelial and stromal architecture alongside endogenous lung-resident immune subsets. These included CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident and CCR7- and/or CD45RA- TRM, B, NK and myeloid cells, with conservation of T cell receptor repertoires, all corresponding to matched fresh tissue. SARS-CoV-2 vigorously infected organoid lung epithelium, alongside secondary induction of innate cytokine production that was inhibited by antiviral agents. Notably, SARS-CoV-2-infected organoids manifested adaptive virus-specific T cell activation that was specific for seropositive and/or previously infected donor individuals. This holistic non-reconstitutive organoid system demonstrates the sufficiency of lung to autonomously mount adaptive T cell memory responses without a peripheral lymphoid component, and represents an enabling method for the study of human tissue-resident immunity.
In-silico and in-vitro study reveals Ziprasidone as a potential aromatase inhibitor against breast carcinoma
Authors: Sahu Ankita , Ahmad Shaban , Imtiyaz Khalid , Kumaran Ajeeshkumar Kizhakkeppurath , Islam Mojahidul , Raza Khalid , Eswaran Murugesh , Kunnath Asha Kurukkan , Rizvi Moshahid A. , Verma Saurabh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aromatase enzyme plays a fundamental role in the development of estrogen receptors and due to this functionality, the enzyme has gained significant attention as a therapeutic for reproductive disorders and cancer diseases. The aromatase inhibitors, currently in clinical use, have such serious side effects that it is crucial to find novel aromatase inhibitors with more selective, less toxic, and more effective drug potency. The research framework of this study is to identify a potent inhibitor for the aromatase target by profiling molecular descriptors of the ligand and to find a functional pocket in the target by docking and MD simulations. For assessing cellular and metabolic activities as indicators of cell viability and cytotoxicity, in-vitro studies were performed by using the colorimetric MTT assay. Aromatase activities were determined by a fluorometric method. Cell morphology was assessed by phase-contrast light microscopy. Flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay determined cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. This study reports that CHEMBL598797 (Ziprasidone) is the most promising compound that showed excellent aromatase inhibitory activity. By using better drug design methods and experimental studies, our study identified a novel compound that could be effective as a high-potential drug candidate against aromatase enzyme. We conclude that the compound ziprasidone effectively blocks the cell cycle at the G1-S phase and induces cancer cell death. Further, in-vivo studies are vital for developing ziprasidone as an anticancer agent. Lastly, our research outcomes based on the results of the in-silico experiments may pave the way for identifying effective drug candidates fortherapeutic use in breast cancer.
Comparison of applicability of Novel PNR-Bleed Classification with the traditional Goligher’s classification in the management of hemorrhoidal disease
Authors: Khan Mohammad Abrar , Parray Fazl Q. , Banday Imad , Bari Shams ul , Mir Rayees Ahmad , Qari Duha , Bashir Rakhshanda , Fatima Nayyara , Mir Taifoor Aali , Khan Mudassir Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Goligher’s classification has been traditionally used to define and classify hemorrhoids and also guide their treatment, however with certain limitations, which can be overcome by the novel Prolapse-Number-Relation-Bleed/Hemorrhoid Severity Score Classification (PNR-Bleed/HSS Classification) by Khan M.A. et. al. The more comprehensive, elaborate, objective and easily reproducible nature of PNR Bleed classification makes it an ideal candidate to be used in management of hemorrhoidal disease.
Purpose: To compare PNR-Bleed/HSS Classification with Goligher’s Classification for hemorrhoidal disease with respect to classification, treatment and follow-up of hemorrhoidal disease.
Methods: This study was conducted at Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Soura and SKIMS Medical College and Hospital (MCH), Bemina, J & K, India, from 1st September 2020 to 1st August 2022. Patients were classified according to Goligher’s classification as well as PNR-Bleed/HSS Classification and treatment administered according to most recent guidelines and surgeons experience. The association between the two classifications was compared. This study was conducted after taking permission from the original publisher of the PNR-Bleed/HSS by Khan M.A. et al.
Results: A total of 112 patients who were included in the study completed it. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Goligher’s Grade and PNRB/HSS at presentation and each follow up (P value <0.05, Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.7). Change in pre-treatment and post treatment (6 month) Goligher’s Score as well as HSS was found to be statistically significant with respect to each treatment (P value < 0.05).
Conclusion: The traditional Goligher’s method of classification of hemorrhoidal disease has a number of limitations, which is overcome by the novel PNRB/HSS classification and can help guide the treatment and follow-up of this not-so-simple disease.
Application of fuzzy group decision-making Selecting Green Supplier: A case study of the manufacture of natural laurel soap
Authors: Mohamed Alaa Alden Al , Mohamed Sobhi Al 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The selection of suppliers alone is one of the most important competitive challenges facing organizations today. With today's increasing awareness and facing many significant environmental pressures, the process of selecting the right suppliers for green supply chain management even more difficult for decision makers. The process of developing and implementing decision-making tools seek to face these challenges is rapidly evolving, especially in a fuzzy environment whose data is incomplete. The purpose of this article is to investigate prospective green chain suppliers for a laurel soap producing company based on a framework using MCDA fuzzy technologies such as Fuzzy GRA, Fuzzy TOPSIS, and Fuzzy VIKOR. During this paper, a discussion of fuzzy set was discussed with Fuzzy MCDM Within a realistic case study, where a comparison was made between the tools, and it was noted that the results were consistent between the two tools fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy GRA, and the arrival of similar results and a slight difference with results was observed in Fuzzy VIKOR interpreted. The most detailed analyses were conducted on distance measurements, linguistic variables, assembly functions, and confusion processing. This study introduces the Fuzzy MCDM method to help researchers choose a more effective approach for green supplier selection and the Conclusions and other study directions are offered towards the conclusion of the paper.
Primary care utilisation, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy and continuity and in primary care patients with chronic diseases and comorbidities. A registry study
Authors: Maun Andy , Björkelund Cecilia , Wessman Catrin , Arvidsson Eva 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: To determine the prevalence of common chronic diseases and comorbidities in a in whole primary care population and to analyse the associations between primary care utilisation, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy and continuity of care.
Methods: Retrospective statistical analysis of routine care data of the whole population of the Swedish county of Jönköping (345 916 inhabitants using primary care services) covering 4.3 years. Participants: 25 829 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of ≥1 of 10 common chronic conditions and ≥3 visits to primary care between 2011 and 2015. Primary outcome measures: In order to determine diseases and comorbidity, primary care utilisation, adherence to guideline-based pharmacotherapy, frequencies and percentages, interval and ratio scaled variables were described using means, standard deviations, and various percentiles in the population. Two continuity indices were used (MMCI, COC) to describe continuity.
Results: The number of diseases increased with increasing age, and multimorbidity was much more common than single diseases (mean 2.0 per patient). There was a slight positive correlation (0.29) between number of diseases and visits, but visits did not increase proportionally to the number of diseases. Patients with physical conditions combined with anxiety and/or depression made more visits than others. The number of diseases per patient was negatively associated with the adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines. There was no association between continuity and healthcare utilisation or adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines.
Conclusions: Multimorbid patients are common in primary care and receive efficient services concerning healthcare utilisation. Adherence to pharmacotherapy guidelines is a questionable measure for aged multimorbid patients and existing continuity indices revealed limitations. Holistic and patient-centered measures should be used for quality assessment of care for multimorbid patients in primary care.
Development and validation of two nomograms for predicting overall survival and Cancer-specific Survival in Prostate cancer patients with bone metastases: a population- based study
Authors: li Baochao , Wang Zhongyuan , Gong Zixuan , Xu Aiming , Wang Zengjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer with bone metastasis has significant invasiveness and markedly poorer prognosis. The purpose of this study is to establish two nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis.
Methods: From January 2000 to December 2018, a total of 2683 PABM patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. These patients were then divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort, with OS and CSS as the study endpoints. Correlation analyses were employed to assess the relationship between variables. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were utilized to ascertain the independent prognostic factors. Calibration curves and the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (time-dependent AUC) were employed to evaluate discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. DCA was applied to examine accuracy and clinical benefits. The clinical utility of the nomogram and the AJCC Stage System was compared using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Lastly, the risk stratifications of the nomogram and the AJCC Stage System were compared.
Results: There was no collinearity among the variables that were screened. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that seven variables (age, surgery, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, lung metastasis, Gleason score, marital status) and six variables (age, surgery, lung metastasis, liver metastasis, Gleason score, marital status) were identified to establish the nomogram for OS and CSS, respectively. The calibration curves, time-dependent AUC curves, and DCA revealed that both nomograms had pleasant predictive power. Furthermore, NRI and IDI confirmed that the nomogram outperformed the AJCC Stage System.
Conclusion: Both nomograms had satisfactory accuracy and were validated to assist clinicians in evaluating the prognosis of PABM patients.
Correlation of maximal nasal septal deviation with deviation at the maxillary insertion
Authors: Gupta Keshav Kumar , Davda Dean , Mughal Zahir , Lotfallah Andrew , Anari Shahram 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose It is unclear if septal deviation at the insertion points to the nasal cavity is associated with the overall septal deviation. This study aimed to assess septal deviation at the cribriform plate (CP) and maxillary crest (MC) using CT scans and to see if there was any correlation with overall septal deviation.Methods All consecutive CT sinus scans between January 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had a history of head, nasal or facial trauma, or any previous nasal surgical procedure. Angles between the septum and MC and the septum and CP as well as maximal angle of septal deviation (MSD) were measured.Results A total of 70 scans were included in the final analysis. The mean MSD was 8.14°. The mean septal deviation was 0.89° at the CP and 2.02° at the MC. The correlation coefficient between the deviation at the CP and MSD was 0.025 and between the deviation at the MC and MSD was 0.321.Conclusion Our data reveal a positive correlation between septal deviation at the floor of the nose and overall septal deviation; this was not observed at the septal deviation at the roof. This could be explained due to the inherent tilt in the cribriform plate or by earlier ossification and fixation of the septum during its development at its insertion to the roof, thereby allowing further growth and potential for deviation of the lower part of the septum and its insertion to the floor.
Broad spectrum bioactivity of a β-glucan rich heteropolysaccharide- Pestalopine isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6
Authors: Santra Hiran Kanti , Banerjee Debdulal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A biologically potent exopolysaccharide (EPS); Pestalopine was produced by Pestalotiopsis chamaeropsis CEL6, an endophytic fungal isolate of Chloranthus elatior Sw. Pestalopine is composed of glucose, arabinose, fucose, rhamnose, and galactose in a molar ratio of nearly 10:1:2:2:4 having an Mw ∼ 3.29 x 105 Da. Pestalopine exhibited a radical scavenging effect and significantly increased antioxidant parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione oxidized glutathione) in peritoneal macrophage cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a maximum effect at 500 mg mL− 1. Pestalopine is hepatoprotective in nature and improves the liver function profiles; - total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, hepatic enzymes- alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase of liver fibrosis induced (through Thioacetamide) male Wistar rats in comparison to control. Pestalopine-fed rats are reported to have higher counts of beneficial Lactobacillus sp. Present findings suggest that Pestalopine may have promise as a non-toxic exogenous antioxidant with hepatoprotective and probiotic efficacies.
Littoral zone provide habitats for dormant stages of cladocerans in tropical lakes
Authors: Daré Luana , Henry Raoul , Perbiche-Neves Gilmar , Castilho Maria Carolina A. , Portinho Jorge L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is still a lack of fundamental knowledge about the dormant egg bank in the littoral zone, as much of the existing knowledge comes from studies conducted in the pelagic zone. In this study, we compared the diversity and composition of active cladocerans collected from the water column with cladocerans hatching from sediment and macrophyte roots containing dormant egg banks, all collected from the littoral zone of four tropical lakes. Two hypotheses are tested: (1) dormant assemblage will have highest diversity than active assemblage, and (2) pelagic taxa integrate the variability of both active and dormant assemblage in the littoral zone. Dormant assemblages hatchlings from macrophytes contributed less than 2% of the total assemblage numerical abundance, which was too low to undertake any ecologically meaningful analyses. However, dormant assemblage hatchlings from sediment samples showed the highest diversity for two of the four lakes studied, partially supporting our first hypothesis. Our results revealed that pelagic species (Bosminopsis, Ceriodaphnia, and Diaphanosoma) contributed half of the total species richness of active and dormant assemblages in all four lakes. These findings provide new insights into how the littoral zone of shallow lakes with well-developed macrophyte stands can offer a habitat for persistent dormant egg banks of certain pelagic cladocerans. Our increasing understanding of the interaction between dormant banks and active assemblages can be used to predict the dynamics of the zooplankton and develop restoration programs in lakes affected by climate change, such as extreme drought or human land and water use.
Why do Female Scientific Labor Force Eschew Scientific and Engineering Fields? Evidence from United States Using Mincer’s Earnings Function Correcting for Major Selection Biases and Multinomial Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Lyu Ya-Pin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

This study attempts to explore the phenomenon of US native females’ under-representation in scientific and engineering fields and investigate whether this is the consequence of self-selection. To answer this, two vital academic issues have been studied: first, whether native female scientists’ major or occupational selection are based on maximization of (expected) lifetime earnings; and second, whether supply-side attributes such as time devoted to housework and childcare can account for female scientists’ eschewing S&E related occupations and majors? Using US Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System and using earnings function correcting for major selection biases, this research finds that elder females who had a period of time of dropout will experience job skill atrophy. A predicted time period young female scientists plan to drop out of labor market or reduce human capital investment for family reasons could explain lower chances of choosing S&E related majors. Based on our empirical results, females currently work in the occupations that can maximize lifetime earnings, whether they work in S&E fields or not. Females would be more likely to major and work in S&E related occupations if they neither plan to intermit their human capital investment nor suffer from job skills atrophy.
JEL: J16, J22, J24
Evolution of ToM abilities among older adults and the elder.
Authors: Iglesias Ledicia , Pellicena Miquel Àngel , Valero-Garcia Jesús , Ivern Ignasi , Vila-Rovira Josep Maria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a construct of cognitive, social and affective skills that contributes to a better effectiveness of interpersonal relationships, as well as a better understanding of social scenarios. Its evolution throughout adulthood is being subject of extensive study. We have done a quasi-experimental design study with a healthy aging sample of 69 people ranging in age from 65 to 94. The purpose was to understand the evolution of ToM abilities in this group of age; to determine whether these abilities evolve equally and clarify which aspects influence this evolution. Results show a progressive decrease in the scores registered in the elders, mainly from the age of 79. But this decline is uneven, since 2nd order false belief tasks, that is, tasks with greater cognitive complexity, obtain worse results at an older age. On the other hand, findings indicate that the variable that has the most influence on ToM skills is social activity, followed by verbal reasoning. Likewise, in line with the most recent literature, age itself is not shown as a factor that justifies the decrease in mental abilities, but rather the individual social and cognitive changes associated with it. These results reinforce the link between social activity, mental performance and cognitive health, in such a way that social activity based on interpersonal relationships becomes a tool for the prevention of social isolation and cognitive deterioration associated with the most advanced stages of adulthood.
Combining different ion-selective channelrhodopsins to control water flux by light
Authors: Lin Fei , Tang Ruijing , Zhang Chong , Scholz Nicole , Nagel Georg , Gao Shiqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Water transport through water channels, aquaporins (AQPs), is vital for many physiological processes including epithelial fluid secretion, cell migration and adipocyte metabolism. Consequently, modulation of water transport poses significant therapeutic potential in edema, cancer, obesity, brain injury, glaucoma etc. Water flux through AQPs is driven by the osmotic gradient that results from concentration differences of small molecules or ions. Here, we developed a novel optogenetic toolkit that combines the light-gated anion channel GtACR1 either with the light-gated K+ channel KCR1 or the new NCR1 with high Na+ permeability, to manipulate water transport in Xenopus oocytes non-invasively. Water efflux through AQP was achieved by inducing K+ and Cl− efflux through light-gated HcKCR1 and GtACR1, respectively. Contrarily, when GtACR1 was co-expressed with NCR1, a final inward movement of Na+ and Cl− was triggered, and an osmotic gradient was formed to drive water influx through AQP1. In sum, we demonstrated a novel strategy to manipulate water movement into and out of Xenopus oocytes non-invasively through light. These findings provide a new avenue to interfere with water homeostasis as a means to study related biological phenomena across cell types and organisms.