bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fox and the crow
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While men and women manoeuvred their way around the Palatine of Tiberius, surviving present dangers and thinking how to survive, there was one man keeping a written record. It was not a direct history of this time. It was instead a rejection of the reality of that, even its possibility. The fables by a writer who called himself Phaedrus were guides to the problems of court life. Like those of Aesop in Greek, they looked as though they were for children. They starred animals and servants. They were seemingly simple stories about dogs and underdogs in the voice of an underdog, slave stories maybe written by a slave but maybe someone aping that role. No one was ever quite sure.
The only verdict that mattered
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
What did Tiberius want? Publius Vitellius was about to speak to a brief for which life had prepared him well. He had spent time with Germanicus. He had shared the familiarity of military life. For three months he had been collecting evidence against Piso and his wife, Plancina, and preparing an indictment. He could say that he himself had seen signs of poison on Germanicus’s body and had arranged to send to Rome a local poisoner as a witness, Martina, a close friend of Plancina. Among the people of Rome this was a popular cause in support of the prince whose troops he had led to near disaster on the German beaches; on the Palatine it was a perilous risk. It was possible that Tiberius wanted not only Germanicus dead but Piso saved. Publius’s risk was a risk too for all the Vitellii.
The way of the guard captain
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The guard captain kept close everyone to whom Tiberius listened. The emperor kept an astronomer, astrologer and prophet called Thrasyllus whose wife, Aka, was a princess from her father’s tiny realm of Commagene, south of the Black Sea. Commagene was an absolute monarchy, home to Armenians, Iranians and the subjects of Alexander’s generals. Thrasyllus understood the licence and limits of autocracy better than those less experienced. Sejanus stood beside him, planning attacks on Germanicus’s widow, Agrippina. All swam in a swirling vortex. For no one was the water calm.
Wine for the battlefield
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The newly unchallenged emperor did not yet look the part. While the tradesman of Cologne had provided food fit for his station, no one had offered suitable clothes. Only the governor of Lugdunum gave him the gold and purple that prevented him having to re-enter Italy in the shabby garb in which he had left. Once appropriately dressed, he was keen to congratulate his supporters, accommodate those who had fought against him and plan a long trip to Rome. Vitellius was not alone in getting new clothes. He raised his stammering son to the imperial purple too and renamed him Germanicus, the heir to his father as the original Germanicus had once been to Tiberius. This must have seemed a doubtful double augury for the boy.
New courts for old
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book has been the story of a hill and its people, of a palace and a mostly forgotten palace family. The family name, Vitellius, was as quickly degraded as the body at the bottom of the Groaning Steps. Yet the system of government did not – and could not – change for long. The Palatine’s empty rooms rapidly refilled, many previous flatterers and gluttons returning to their old places or to promotions. Vespasian soon used courtiers, favourites, slaves and former slaves, to run the empire as Claudius and Nero had done. For centuries afterwards Rome held its empire. The bureaucracy of Rome spread just like its aqueducts and its literature, though less proudly remembered.
Growing Up in Wartime Athens
Authors: Waterfield Robin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter goes through what we know of Plato’s childhood and youth, his immediate family, and his extended family. His birth is dated to 424 or 423 BCE, rather than the usual 428/7. The chapter includes a summary of the Peloponnesian War that was being fought between Plato’s native Athens and Sparta. The chapter also resolves the controversy about his name: he was always called Plato, never Aristocles. He was probably not gay. The chapter describes the kind of education Plato would have received as a child. Some of the epigrams that have come down to us under his name, though they are not by him, are presented in translated form. Contrary to some ancient biographers’ depictions of Plato as poor, the chapter shows that he was wealthy. Evidence is also displayed for some of his major characteristics: Plato was intelligent, religious, and snobbish, and he had a subtle sense of humor.
The limits of justified offence
Authors: McTernan Emily 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines a series of potential limits on when offence could be justified. First, in the face of a common focus on anger as the apt response to injustice, the chapter carves out a space for offence as one way to directly resist a particular form of injustice. Second, one may think that whether taking offence is justified depends upon whether an agent intended to offend, or is otherwise culpable for the offending act, but this chapter defends blame and offence as separate, if sometimes overlapping, social practices. Third, the chapter explores the claim that disagreement over the offensiveness of an act undermines the justification of taking offence, but argues that this mistakes the social role of taking offence. Finally, the chapter tackles failures of uptake, where offence is widely mistaken for emotional oversensitivity, or otherwise produces a backlash.
Charles Gordon
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tells the life history of Charles Gordon, one of tens of thousands of Black people who moved to Boston from the South during the Great Migration, transforming the city. Gordon moved to Boston from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with his family about 1943. He is one of ten people featured in a book that explores the Great Migration by examining the lives of individual migrants. Each is the focus of one chapter. Their stories bring to life the history of the Great Migration. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Willie Pittman
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tells the life history of Willie Pittman, one of tens of thousands of Black people who moved to Boston from the South during the Great Migration, transforming the city. Pittman moved to Boston from Shady Grove, Alabama, in 1963. He is one of ten people featured in a book that explores the Great Migration by examining the lives of individual migrants. Each is the focus of one chapter. Their stories bring to life the history of the Great Migration. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Al Kinnitt Jr.
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tells the life history of Al Kinnitt Jr., one of tens of thousands of Black people who moved to Boston from the South during the Great Migration, transforming the city. Kinnitt moved to Boston from Brunswick, Georgia, in 1964. He is one of ten people featured in a book that explores the Great Migration by examining the lives of individual migrants. Each is the focus of one chapter. Their stories bring to life the history of the Great Migration. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Ten Lives, What They Teach Us, and Why They Matter
Authors: Gumprecht Blake 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Reflects on what is learned from the life histories of ten Black people who migrated to Boston from the South between 1943 and 1969 and examines why those stories are meaningful. Discusses what their experiences had in common, how they adjusted to life in Boston, and whether migration was worth it. The stories of these people bring to life the history of the Great Migration and show its impact on individuals. They reveal a hidden aspect of Boston’s history and shine a spotlight on a singularly important event in the making of Black Boston. They also provide a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people living in one city’s Black community.
Introduction
Authors: Ray Keisha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the themes, concepts, and terms that are at the foundation of Black Americans’ health. This introduction helps readers attain a basic working knowledge of ideas like social determinants of health, biological and social understandings of race, different types of racism, and the White supremacist origins of the relationship between race and medicine. This chapter also introduces readers to the term “racial disparities in health” and their social and political origins, including their racist origins. This working knowledge helps readers to better engage with the core chapters, which are on the topics of birth and pregnancy, pain, sleep, and cardiovascular disease. This chapter also uses COVID-19 as an example of how inequities in social determinants can contribute to increased morbidity and mortality.
Does Where We Sleep Matter?
Authors: Ray Keisha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the social, cultural, and political factors that influence Black people’s higher rates of sleeplessness such as poor housing, environmental racism, racism-related vigilance, and cultural views of bedtimes. Sleep is vital to our biological, physical, mental, and emotional health, however, there are racial disparities in quality and quantity of sleep between the different races. Specifically, in America, Black people (especially Black men) sleep less and have lesser quality of sleep than White people. Racial disparities in sleep are concerning because when sleeplessness falls along racial lines, the rejuvenating benefits of sleep also fall along racial lines. This also means poor health outcomes that map onto lesser quality of sleep like heart disease will also fall along racial lines.
Introduction
Authors: Solomon Stefan , Nagib Lúcia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This Introduction to the book The Moving Form of Film: Historicising the Medium through Other Media focuses on the ways in which the fluid quality of the film form can inspire a new historiography of cinema. Histories of film as a technological medium have focused on its specificity as it gradually separated from the other art and medial forms at its base: theatre, dance, fairground spectacle, painting, literature, still photography, and other pre-cinematic expressions. Instead, this collection observes the ebb and flow of film’s contours within the bounds of an array of other artistic and medial expressions, so as to establish a flexible historical platform for the moving form of film, posited, from production to consumption, as a transforming and transformative medium.
One-Dimensional Man?
Authors: Hellings James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Can film and the cinema become more than a “retrospective nostalgia” for a “time when real arts existed”? Via a close reading of Theodor W. Adorno’s fragmentary theory of film and cinema—in and against film as mass media and the cinema as culture industry—this provocation suggests they can. Both of Adorno’s essays from 1967, “Art and the Arts” and “Transparencies on Film,” argue for the boundary-blurring, interfraying, infringing (Verfransung), and intermedial potentialities of film—as the “newest form of the arts”—vis-à-vis art, which may well act as a critical rejoinder to Alain Badiou’s (absolutely Wagnerian, pseudo-Hegelian) “suspect synthesis” of cinema as the seventh form of art. This provocation defends “artistic thinking” in film by pointing out one or two problems with Badiou’s recent theory of film published as “Hegel, Cinema and the Other Arts” in Chapter 1 of this book.
Intermediality and the Carousel Slide Projector
Authors: Ross Julian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
By analysing the artistic use of the carousel slide projector in the years after Kodak stopped industrially producing them, this chapter proposes the user and not the industry determines the lifeline of a technological apparatus. Identifying an engagement with the present and presence as the key characteristics of the carousel slide projector, this chapter considers its intermediality and how its distinctive qualities are highlighted when placed in dialogue with other media. Case studies will illustrate two different expressions of this dialogue: as a multiprojection installation in Thai artist Prapat Jiwarangsan’s Non-chronological History (2013) and as a performance in Dutch Brazilian artist Pablo Pijnappel’s Casa de Michèle (2014).
Historicising the Story through Film and Music
Authors: Nagib Lúcia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Heimat 2: Chronicle of a Generation (Die zweite Heimat: Chronik einer Jugend, 1992), the second part of the monumental Heimat TV and cinema series, scripted and directed by German filmmaker Edgar Reitz. The project, spanning over sixty hours, has in Heimat 2 its longest installment at thirteen episodes totalling more than twenty-five hours of film. This extended length gives the series particular prominence within this “total-history” project, whose ambition is to retell the history of Germany from the nineteenth century to today. My objective here is to evaluate the ways in which the Heimat 2 series presents history in the making by means of intermediality, that is, through the use of music as theme, diegetic performance, and organisational principle of all episodes.
Theatrical Flourishing
Authors: Young Harvey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 12 is a roundtable featuring the volume’s contributors on theater, well-being, and eudaimonia. The authors discuss one another’s chapters-in-progress. Through this open and wide-ranging conversation, contributor touch on an array of topics: the role of flourishing in theater, conceptions of artistic excellence, the overlay of theater and politics, ideas of hopefulness and community in theater. Joining the contributors in conversation are James Pawelski, professor of practice in the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania and convenor of the Humanities and Human Flourishing project; Thalia Goldstein, associate professor of psychology at George Mason University; and Laura Taylor, managing coordinator of education in the Positive Psychology Center at the University of Pennsylvania.
Conclusion
Authors: Sundstrom Beth , Delay Cara 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conclusion of the book summarizes its main findings, including the importance of ethical communication and centering truth-telling via a reproductive justice framework. It discusses intersectionality, asking how advocates continue to find new ways to use art and technology to raise the voices of asylum-seeking, ethnic-minority, and Traveller women, as well as trans and gender-expansive people. It reiterates that Irish activists have successfully challenged high-tech myth systems by disrupting the nature/culture dualism and reimagining the use of technology, challenging patriarchal norms and empowering women to tell their stories. The conclusion also engages with more recent developments, including the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health decision in the United States, assessing how Irish activists responded to the decision. Finally, it asserts that the Irish example of women’s health activism can be essential moving forward in the movement for reproductive justice in the United States and beyond.
Blood and Blood Products
Authors: Jaffe Harold W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of the epidemic on blood safety. By the end of 1982, evidence had emerged that the putative Kaposi’s sarcoma and opportunistic infections (KS/OI) agent could be transmitted through transfused blood and the blood-clotting factors used to treat persons with hemophilia. In January 1983, CDC met with representatives of the blood banking associations, the National Hemophilia Foundation, and the Food and Drug Administration to discuss measures to protect the safety of the blood supply. CDC presented several options, including testing donated blood for “surrogate markers” of risk, such as antibody to hepatitis B virus. The meeting was very contentious and resulted in no recommendations. Fortunately, subsequent private discussions were more productive, and in March 1983 the US Public Health Service published the first guidelines to prevent what was now called AIDS. The guidelines included the deferral of “risk group” members from blood donation.
HIV
Authors: Jaffe Harold W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the etiologic agent of AIDS, now called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus was first described in May 1983 by Montagnier and colleagues at the Institut Pasteur in Paris and confirmed by Gallo and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute a year later. Using an antibody test developed at CDC, scientists were able to estimate the incidence of HIV infection and subsequent illness in a large cohort of homosexual men from San Francisco. By 1985, commercial assays were available to screen donated blood for HIV. To discourage persons from seeking testing in blood banks, CDC established a series of “alternative” test sites. However, testing for diagnostic purposes was controversial. Fearing discrimination if the confidentiality of test results could not be guaranteed, some gay activists discouraged testing with the slogan that “no test is best.”
Making Predictions
Authors: Jaffe Harold W. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the process of making predictions about the magnitude and trajectory of the epidemic in America’s early response to AIDS. Initial modeling efforts used a simple extrapolation method, which assumed that past trends in cases could predict future cases. Subsequent modeling employed a “back-calculation” method to estimate the number of infected persons and project the number who would develop AIDS. Back-calculation models correctly predicted that the incidence of AIDS would peak in the early 1990s and then gradually fall due to “saturation” of individuals at the highest risk for infection as well as behavioral change. But given that newly susceptible individuals would enter the at-risk population each year, the epidemic would not spontaneously disappear.
Increased Understanding, Improved Outcomes
Authors: De Cock Kevin M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews major advances in efforts to understand, prevent, and control HIV. Introduction of serologic tests for the virus, along with the knowledge of and ability to measure CD4 counts and viral load, gave important insights into HIV natural history and showed viral load to be the main determinant of transmission. With antiretroviral therapy, introduced in the mid-1990s, suppressed viral load reduced disease progression and transmission, including from mother-to-child. Antiretroviral drugs were also shown effective as PrEP. The only effective microbicide to date has been a tenofovir gel. Although other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) enhance acquisition and transmission of HIV, STI control efforts have not contained HIV transmission. Harm reduction interventions for people who inject drugs are effective but inadequately supported programmatically and politically. Transmission through blood transfusion has been eliminated in high-income countries. Aspirations for an HIV cure and an effective HIV vaccine remain unrealized.
Introduction
Authors: Schleicher David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the challenges facing the federal government when a state or city defaults on its debts. When faced with a state or city in fiscal crisis, the federal government cannot avoid all of these three problems: moral hazard, worsening recessions, and reducing investment in infrastructure. This is the fiscal federalism “trilemma.” Whether it engages in bailouts, forces state austerity, or encourages defaults, the federal government must choose between bad options. The chapter ends by laying out some ways the federal government can act in advance to make state and local fiscal crises less common and less painful when they occur.
State and Local Debt Crises in the 20th Century
Authors: Schleicher David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses federal responses to state and local fiscal crises in the 20th century. The chapter begins with the Great Depression, and covers the creation of municipal bankruptcy law and the Arkansas Road Debt Crisis. The latter part of the chapter considers federal policy during the New York City Fiscal Crisis and the bailout of Washington, DC. It shows that federal policymakers did not choose one of bailouts, defaults or austerity as a policy response to state and local debt crises, but opted for some of each. It also covers how federal and state policy makers sought to displace local decision-makers during fiscal crises through the creation of fiscal control boards.
Building Better Defaults
Authors: Schleicher David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 discusses how to reform municipal bankruptcy. It argues in favor of adding a chapter to the bankruptcy laws for state governments. It makes the case for changes to bankruptcy law, allowing multiple overlapping local governments to file jointly, and for changing the way courts assess “service delivery insolvency.” The chapter also shows that “sales tax bonds,” like New York City’s “Big MAC” bonds or Puerto Rico’s COFINA bonds, are probably constitutional and can be useful tools if used to address liquidity problems as part of a broader set of fiscal reforms. But the abusive use of sales tax bonds should be reined in through changes to municipal bankruptcy law.
Disagreement and Public Reason
Authors: Kim Sungmoon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents public reason Confucianism, a mode of Confucian democratic perfectionism in which a special style of public reason is affiliated with partially comprehensive Confucianism (i.e., civic Confucianism), as best suited to deal with moral disagreement. It shows that while encouraging citizens to cultivate public reasons with reference to Confucian mores, rituals, civilities, and moral sentiments, public reason Confucianism promotes active political participation and public deliberation in making important public decisions in a way consistent with the principle of egalitarian dignity. The result is what the author calls “democratic pluralism,” pluralism accommodated by democratic public reasons, and public reason Confucianism defends democratic pluralism as the most desirable way to come to terms with pluralism and disagreement in an East Asian constitutional democracy. In short, this chapter illuminates the “vertical” interaction between civic Confucianism and democratic values, principles, and institutions, which generates a distinctive mode of politics.