bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Ossification of the Spinal Ligaments
Authors: Kato Hajime , Braddock Demetrios T. , Ito Nobuaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe study aims to provide updated information on the genetic factors associated with the diagnoses ‘Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis’ (DISH), ‘Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament’ (OPLL), and in patients with spinal ligament ossification.Recent FindingsRecent studies have advanced our knowledge of genetic factors associated with DISH, OPLL, and other spinal ossification (ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament [OALL] and the yellow ligament [OYL]). Several case studies of individuals afflicted with monogenic disorders, such as X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), demonstrate the strong association of fibroblast growth factor 23-related hypophosphatemia with OPLL, suggesting that pathogenic variants inPHEX,ENPP1, andDMP1are associated with FGF23-phosphate wasting phenotype and strong genetic factors placing patients at risk for OPLL. Moreover, emerging evidence demonstrates that heterozygous and compound heterozygousENPP1pathogenic variants inducing ‘Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 2’ (ARHR2) also place patients at risk for DISH and OPLL, possibly due to the loss of inhibitory plasma pyrophosphate (PPi) which suppresses ectopic calcification and enthesis mineralization.SummaryOur findings emphasize the importance of genetic and plasma biomarker screening in the clinical evaluation of DISH and OPLL patients, with plasma PPiconstituting an important new biomarker for the identification of DISH and OPLL patients whose disease course may be responsive to ENPP1 enzyme therapy, now in clinical trials for rare calcification disorders.
3D automatic liver and spleen assessment in predicting overt hepatic encephalopathy before TIPS: a multi-center study
Authors: Chen Xiaoqiong , Wang Tao , Ji Zhonghua , Luo Junyang , Lv Weifu , Wang Haifang , Zhao Yujie , Duan Chongyang , Yu Xiangrong , Li Qiyang , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Jinqiang , Zhang Xiaoling , Huang Mingsheng , Zhou Shuoling , Lu Ligong , Huang Meiyan , Fu Sirui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) should be predicted preoperatively to identify suitable candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) instead of first-line treatment. This study aimed to construct a 3D assessment-based model to predict post-TIPS overt HE.

Methods
In this multi-center cohort study, 487 patients who underwent TIPS were subdivided into a training dataset (390 cases from three hospitals) and an external validation dataset (97 cases from another two hospitals). Candidate factors included clinical, vascular, and 2D and 3D data. Combining the least absolute shrinkage and operator method, support vector machine, and probability calibration by isotonic regression, we constructed four predictive models: clinical, 2D, 3D, and combined models. Their discrimination and calibration were compared to identify the optimal model, with subgroup analysis performed.

Results
The 3D model showed better discrimination than did the 2D model (training: 0.719 vs. 0.691; validation: 0.730 vs. 0.622). The model combining clinical and 3D factors outperformed the clinical and 3D models (training: 0.802 vs. 0.735 vs. 0.719; validation: 0.816 vs. 0.723 vs. 0.730; all p < 0.050). Moreover, the combined model had the best calibration. The performance of the best model was not affected by the total bilirubin level, Child–Pugh score, ammonia level, or the indication for TIPS.

Conclusion
3D assessment of the liver and the spleen provided additional information to predict overt HE, improving the chance of TIPS for suitable patients. 3D assessment could also be used in similar studies related to cirrhosis.

Graphical abstract
Identifying hostile versus paternalistic classism profiles: a person-based approach to the study of ambivalent classism
Authors: Sainz Mario 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on ambivalent classism suggests that individuals can manifest classism not only in a hostile and explicit manner but also in a condescending and paternalistic form. However, researchers have not determined the existence of individual profiles or population subgroups that show this ambivalence pattern. Therefore, to assess the existence of different profiles based on their manifestation of ambivalent classism, we carry out a latent profile analysis with a national representative sample (N = 1536). We identify different classist profiles among the population, including a minority of individuals who score low on both dimensions of classism (low generalized classists, 8.65%) and another minority who score high on both hostile and paternalism classism (high generalized classists, 8.13%). Further, we discovered that most of the population adhered to a moderated classism profile, endorsing both dimensions of classism (moderately generalized classist, 40.95%) or to an ambivalent profile, scoring low in hostile classism and high in paternalistic attitudes (paternalistic classists, 42.25%). The likelihood of adhering to the different profiles seems to be related to the individual’s level of education and system justification beliefs. Those individuals who score higher on system justification and with lower educational attainment are more willing to be highly generalized classists rather than be part of other profiles. Profiles also differ to an extent regarding concerns about economic inequality and social attitudes, with moderate and highly generalized classists being less concerned about economic inequality and less willing to support poor groups. We discuss the implications for developing targeted interventions aimed to confront classism patterns for each profile.
The role of social marketing in achieving the planet sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Authors: Rodriguez-Sanchez Carla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChanging the way citizens behave toward sustainability is essential to achieve the SDGs. Citizens can help create a more prosperous planet for future generations by making sustainable decisions and engaging in environmentally friendly behaviors. This position paper draws attention to how social marketing can encourage pro-environmental behavior conducive to achieving the environmental Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN) as part of the 2030 Agenda. The paper also offers critical analysis of earlier studies employing a social marketing approach to influence participants’ behavior in favor of environmental sustainability. Recommendations for social marketing practitioners and researchers are provided. These recommendations center on two issues: how to develop and implement successful environmental social marketing programs and how to use communication more effectively.
Trophic ecology and seasonal occurrence of two Red List fish species in the Western Baltic Sea—two of a kind?
Authors: Oesterwind Daniel , Köhler Linda , Paar Martin , Henseler Christina , Kriegl Michael , Gogina Mayya , Schubert Hendrik , Arbizu Pedro Martínez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImproving the conservation status and the management of Red List species requires knowledge on the biology and distribution of the organisms as well as an evaluation of the appropriateness of management measures. This study provides information on the trophic ecology and seasonal abundances of two Red List fish species from the Western Baltic Sea, snake blenny Lumpenus lampretaeformis (Walbaum, 1792), classified as “critically endangered” according to the German Red List, and eelpout, Zoarces viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758), classified as “near threatened” based on the HELCOM Red List. Beam trawl surveys were conducted to document abundances of both species in summer and winter in a marine protected area (MPA), where mobile bottom-contacting fishing gears will be excluded in the near future. The MPA is located in the German EEZ (exclusive economic zone) and aims to protect sandbank and reef habitats. Stomach content and stable isotope analyses (nitrogen and carbon) were performed to examine the diet of eelpout and snake blenny. To be able to position the two fish species in the food web, stable isotopes of macrozoobenthos, POM (particulate organic matter) and sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) were analysed as well. Eelpout and snake blenny were present in the study area in summer and winter, but reached higher abundances in summer. Diet composition overlapped strongly reflected by a similar trophic level, indicating potential food competition of the two species. Prey items were dominated by macrozoobenthos (Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda). Our study provides new information on the trophic position and seasonal abundance of the two fish species within an area soon to be placed under protection from mobile bottom-contact fishing. It therefore also provides a baseline to evaluate potential positive repercussions following the exclusion of mobile bottom-contacting fishing gears and might thus help to increase the understanding of fishing impacts on benthic ecosystems contributing to more effective conservation and management measures.
Estimates of protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in Germany before the 2022/2023 winter season: the IMMUNEBRIDGE project
Authors: Lange Berit , Jaeger Veronika K. , Harries Manuela , Rücker Viktoria , Streeck Hendrik , Blaschke Sabine , Petersmann Astrid , Toepfner Nicole , Nauck Matthias , Hassenstein Max J. , Dreier Maren , von Holt Isabell , Budde Axel , Bartz Antonia , Ortmann Julia , Kurosinski Marc-André , Berner Reinhard , Borsche Max , Brandhorst Gunnar , Brinkmann Melanie , Budde Kathrin , Deckena Marek , Engels Geraldine , Fenzlaff Marc , Härtel Christoph , Hovardovska Olga , Katalinic Alexander , Kehl Katja , Kohls Mirjam , Krüger Stefan , Lieb Wolfgang , Meyer-Schlinkmann Kristin M. , Pischon Tobias , Rosenkranz Daniel , Rübsamen Nicole , Rupp Jan , Schäfer Christian , Schattschneider Mario , Schlegtendal Anne , Schlinkert Simon , Schmidbauer Lena , Schulze-Wundling Kai , Störk Stefan , Tiemann Carsten , Völzke Henry , Winter Theresa , Klein Christine , Liese Johannes , Brinkmann Folke , Ottensmeyer Patrick F. , Reese Jens-Peter , Heuschmann Peter , Karch André 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite the need to generate valid and reliable estimates of protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe course of COVID-19 for the German population in summer 2022, there was a lack of systematically collected population-based data allowing for the assessment of the protection level in real time.

Methods
In the IMMUNEBRIDGE project, we harmonised data and biosamples for nine population-/hospital-based studies (total number of participants n = 33,637) to provide estimates for protection levels against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 between June and November 2022. Based on evidence synthesis, we formed a combined endpoint of protection levels based on the number of self-reported infections/vaccinations in combination with nucleocapsid/spike antibody responses (“confirmed exposures”). Four confirmed exposures represented the highest protection level, and no exposure represented the lowest.

Results
Most participants were seropositive against the spike antigen; 37% of the participants ≥ 79 years had less than four confirmed exposures (highest level of protection) and 5% less than three. In the subgroup of participants with comorbidities, 46–56% had less than four confirmed exposures. We found major heterogeneity across federal states, with 4–28% of participants having less than three confirmed exposures.

Conclusion
Using serological analyses, literature synthesis and infection dynamics during the survey period, we observed moderate to high levels of protection against severe COVID-19, whereas the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection was low across all age groups. We found relevant protection gaps in the oldest age group and amongst individuals with comorbidities, indicating a need for additional protective measures in these groups.
Market-Based Environmental Policies in the Power Sector
Authors: Siddiqui Afzal S. , Tanaka Makoto , Chen Yihsu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurpose of ReviewSo-called Green New Deals aim to decarbonise the power sector via market-based instruments. Consequently, engineering-economic models for analysing the sustainable-energy transition have proliferated. This review categorises existing approaches and identifies areas for extending the state of the art.Recent FindingsWe cluster the extant literature into two groups: engineering/operational research (M1) and environmental economics (M2). While M1 focuses on the power sector’s technical and spatio-temporal aspects, M2’s emphasis is on incentives and externalities. Depending on the nature of the research question, either perspective (or both) may be suitable.SummarySince the envisaged electrification of the wider economy implies tighter coupling between formerly distinct sectors, e.g., power and heat, both M1 and M2 will have to adapt to the new paradigm in terms of methodology and application areas. Here, eliciting coordinating mechanisms, enhancing algorithms for solving hierarchical models, soft linking bottom-up and top-down models, and crafting robust environmental policy in face of uncertainty over externalities are some of the vistas for future research.
Contagion Went Viral: Microbiology, Entertainment Media and the Public Understanding of Science
Authors: Chambers Amy C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review (research questions)
How has the COVID-19 pandemic influenced how movies are used in public health crises? What made Contagion (2011) the key example? Why is it important for scientists to understand the role of entertainment media in public understanding of science (PUS)?

Recent Findings
Microbiology on the Hollywood screen—and in particular, the way we talk about pandemics—has changed since COVID-19 hit. Imagined futures of the end of humanity have taken on a renewed relevance. The pandemic has inspired writers across a number of science/medical humanities fields to explore PUS and public pandemic preparedness.

Summary
Microbiology movies like Contagion became valuable sources of distraction and information. Their apparent accuracy and authenticity were because of the scientists. Contagion caught the public’s imagination because of its investment in representing the realities of science that offered a pathway through the pandemic instead of another dead (at the) end dystopian disaster.
Human Macrophage- and Osteoclast-Based Constructs Do Not Induce Ectopic Bone Formation
Authors: Husch Johanna F. A. , Coquelin Laura , Chevallier Nathalie , van Dijk Natasja W. M. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing body of evidence suggests that bone resorbing osteoclasts are important—but as yet underrated—cellular initiators of bone formation. Furthermore, macrophages also have shown stimulatory effects on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Consequently, we here investigated whether human macrophage- and osteoclast-laden carrier materials can induce ectopic bone formation upon subcutaneous implantation in nude mice.

Methods
Human osteoclast precursors were isolated and differentiated toward macrophages. Subsequently, these macrophages were seeded onto two types of cell carrier materials (i.e., electrospun polymeric scaffolds and devitalized bovine bone granules) and differentiated for 14 days toward osteoclasts. DNA assay and fluorescent nuclei staining were performed. Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-activity assay, TRAP, and immunocytochemical staining for β3 integrin. After 60 days of implantation into nude mice, specimens were retrieved, histologically processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) as well as for TRAP to study ectopic bone formation and osteoclast activity, respectively.

Results
Osteoclast precursors limitedly adhered to both material types. Osteoclast-laden samples showed increased intracellular gross TRAP-activity on both cell carrier types, TRAP staining on polymeric electrospun scaffolds, and positive β3 integrin staining on decellularized bovine bone granules compared to the macrophage-laden materials. We observed that only the positive control samples loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) induced ectopic bone formation and TRAP signal.

Conclusion
We conclude that neither human macrophage- nor osteoclast-laden constructs are capable to induce ectopic bone formation under the current experimental set-up.

Lay summary
Interestingly, increasing amounts of evidence suggest that osteoclasts—the cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue—can trigger bone formation. Therefore, we here aimed to study whether blood-derived macrophages and osteoclasts can induce bone formation in vivo. Consequently, we generated human macrophage- and osteoclast-laden constructs using two types of scaffold materials and implanted them underneath the skin of nude mice. Although we confirmed the presence of macrophages and osteoclasts on the materials, we found no signs of bone formation.
A carbon footprint: the full water cycle in the Balearic Islands
Authors: Cruz-Pérez Noelia , Rodríguez-Martín Jesica , García Celso , Rodríguez-Lozano Pablo , Tirado Dolores , García-Gil Alejandro , Santamarta Juan C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe integral urban water cycle of the Balearic Islands (Spain) is composed of desalination plants, extraction wells, water distribution networks, treatment plants and sewerage systems. This article presents the results of the carbon and water footprint of each of the islands that form the Balearic archipelago, finding differences between those islands with a greater contribution of groundwater, such as Mallorca, and those that are fed exclusively with desalinated water, such as Formentera. Water consumption on these islands is highly seasonal, which results in peaks in demand, which are mainly supplied by desalination. This article aims to be the starting point for assessing the water and energy status of the facilities related to drinking water consumption in the archipelago to be able to take measures aimed at ecological transition in this sector. The results obtained show that seawater desalination plants have the largest carbon footprint, mainly due to their high electricity consumption.
A novel metric to measure spatio-temporal proximity: a case study analyzing children’s social network in schoolyards
Authors: Nasri Maedeh , Baratchi Mitra , Tsou Yung-Ting , Giest Sarah , Koutamanis Alexander , Rieffe Carolien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to infer individuals’ social networks from their spatio-temporal behavior acquired via wearable sensors. Previously proposed static network metrics (e.g., centrality measures) cannot capture the complex temporal patterns in dynamic settings (e.g., children’s play in a schoolyard). Moreover, existing temporal metrics overlook the spatial context of interactions. This study aims first to introduce a novel metric on social networks in which both temporal and spatial aspects of the network are considered to unravel the spatio-temporal dynamics of human behavior. This metric can be used to understand how individuals utilize space to access their network, and how individuals are accessible by their network. We evaluate the proposed method on real data to show how the proposed metric impacts performance of a clustering task. Second, this metric is used to interpret interactions in a real-world dataset collected from children playing in a playground. Moreover, by considering spatial features, this metric provides unique knowledge of the spatio-temporal accessibility of individuals in a community, and more clearly captures pairwise accessibility compared with existing temporal metrics. Thus, it can facilitate domain scientists interested in understanding social behavior in the spatio-temporal context. Furthermore, We make our collected dataset publicly available for further research.
The Promise of Affective Language for Identifying and Intervening on Psychopathology
Authors: Nook Erik C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe are in dire need of innovative tools for reducing the global burden of psychopathology. Emerging evidence suggests that analyzing language (i.e., the words people use) can grant insight into an individual's emotional experiences, their ability to regulate their emotions, and even their current experiences of psychopathology. As such, linguistic analyses of people’s everyday word use may be a diagnostic marker of emotional well-being, and manipulating the words people use could foster adaptive emotion regulation and mental health. Given the ubiquity of language in everyday life, such language-based tools for measuring and intervening in emotion and mental health can advance how we identify and treat mental illnesses at a large scale. In this paper, I outline the promise of this approach and identify key problems we must solve if we are to make it a reality. In particular, I summarize evidence connecting language, emotion, and mental health for three key constructs: sentiment (i.e., the valence of one’s language), linguistic distancing (i.e., using language to separate oneself from distressing stimuli), and emotion differentiation (i.e., using words to specifically identify one’s emotions). I also identify open questions in need of attention for each of these constructs and this area of research as a whole. Overall, I believe the future is bright for the application of psycholinguistic approaches to mental health detection and intervention.
Overview of methods and considerations for the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms for agricultural applications
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Sain Madeline , Stark Colin , Fefer Michael , Liu Jun , Hoare Todd , Ckurshumova Wenzi , Rosa Cristina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in agriculture is a global concern and carries huge financial consequences. Despite that, practical solutions for growers that are sustainable, low cost and environmentally friendly have been sparse. This has created opportunities for the agrochemical industry to develop pesticides with novel modes of action. Recently the use of photodynamic inactivation (PDI), classically used in cancer treatments, has been explored in agriculture as an alternative to traditional chemistries, mainly as a promising new approach for the eradication of pesticide resistant strains. However, applications in the field pose unique challenges and call for new methods of evaluation to adequately address issues specific to PDI applications in plants and challenges faced in the field. The aim of this review is to summarize in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo/in planta experimental strategies and methods used to test and evaluate photodynamic agents as photo-responsive pesticides for applications in agriculture. The review highlights some of the strategies that have been explored to overcome challenges in the field.