bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polycyclic 4,5‐Dihydropyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones by Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) Reactions from Alkenes
Authors: Koçak Ramazan , Güney Murat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the classical Inverse Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reactions between alkenes and tetrazines, 4,5‐dihydropyridazines are formed. 4,5‐Dihydropyridazines are rapidly converted to the more energetically stable 1,4‐dihydropyridazines by 1,3‐prototropic isomerization. In this study, instead of 1,4‐dihydropyridazines, 4,5‐dihydropyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones were obtained as a result of IEDDA reactions between tetrazines with leaving groups at the 3,6‐positions, and norbornene and barrelene‐derived polycyclic alkenes in the presence of moisture in air or solvent. To show that this new method works not only on strained polycyclic alkenes but also on monocyclic and linear alkenes, the corresponding 4,5‐dihydropyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones were obtained in high yields from the reactions performed with styrene and cyclopentene as well. The chemical structures of the polycyclic 4,5‐dihydropyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones were determined by NMR and HRMS analyses. In addition, the exact structures of the polycyclic 4,5‐dihydropyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones were also experimentally proven by converting them to pyridazine‐3(2H)‐ones known in the literature.
The Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds on the Rotational Barriers of the Biaryl C−C Axis
Authors: Dong Zheng , Ma Xiaoqiang , Yu Yueyang , Gu Xubin , Zhao Depeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAxially chiral compounds are attracting more attention recently. Although hydrogen bonds are reported as a vital weak force that influences the properties of compounds, the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on the atropisomerization of the Caryl−Caryl single bonds has not yet been well quantitatively investigated. Here, a series of axially chiral biaryl compounds were synthesized to study the effect of hydrogen bonds on the rotational barriers of the biaryl C−C axis. Experimental studies demonstrated that the rotational barrier of hydrogen bonding biaryl 9 was significantly lower (46.7 kJ mol−1) than biaryl 10 without hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, theoretical studies revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond stabilized the transition state (TS) of tri‐ortho‐substituted biaryl 9, relieving the steric repulsion in the TS. We believe that this study will provide chemists with a deeper understanding of the atropisomerization process of axially chiral biaryl compounds.
Optimization of trommel screen performance in municipal solid waste landfill mining and legacy waste characterization
Authors: Saravanan Gurusamy , Dhinagaran Govindan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe disposal of solid waste in dumpsites is getting increased in developing countries due to rapid urbanization. Biomining is an innovative idea to recover valuable resources from legacy waste and usable land from old dumpsites. Various mechanical equipments are employed in the biomining process, out of which the trommel screen plays a major role in sieving the legacy waste into different fractions. Optimization of trommel screen performance in the biomining process is carried out in this project. Feasible operating parameters such as the feed rate of the trommel screen 1 (100 mm) and trommel screen 2 (4 mm) and moisture content of legacy waste were optimized in the Rajapalayam biomining site, Tamil Nadu, India. The characteristics of legacy waste in three different biomining sites, namely, Rajapalayam, Srivilliputhur, and Sivakasi, were analyzed. Results indicate that 9 and 2 m3 h–1 feed rates show more separation efficiency for trommel 1 and 2, respectively. Changing the feed rates to the optimized values is also suggested to get better separating efficiency without compromising the purity and recovery of fractions. The recovery of the underflow fraction is maximum at a moisture content of 1.5% and 5.3% for trommel 1 and trommel 2, respectively. The trommel screen gets clogged for higher and lower values of moisture content so that the recovery of the underflow fraction gets affected. The refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) characteristics meet the standard for reuse in cement kilns, and the bioearth characteristics are not suitable to be used as a soil amendment in its original form due to the unavailability of nutrients such as NPK and elevated C/N ratio.
Pharmacokinetics and Food Effect Between a 100‐mg Sustained‐Release Tablet and a 50‐mg Immediate‐Release Tablet of Vildagliptin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Yoo Hyounggyoon , Shin Wonsuk , Lee BackHwan , Park JinSoo , Lee Yilseob , Kim Anhye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVildagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors. This study aimed to compare vildagliptin exposure between 50‐mg immediate‐release (IR) and 100‐mg new sustained‐release (SR) tablets, and evaluate the food effect on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of vildagliptin. A randomized, open‐label, 3‐period, 3‐treatment, 6‐sequence crossover study was conducted on healthy subjects. During each period, subjects received the SR tablet either in the fasted (T1) or high‐fat fed (T2) state once a day, or IR tablets administered twice a day in the fasted state (R). Blood samples for PK analysis were obtained serially up to 24 hours after dosing. Thirty‐four subjects completed the study. The geometric mean ratios for the Cmax and AUC0‐24h of T1 to R were 1.15 and 0.89, respectively. The corresponding values of T2 to T1 were 0.94 and 1.07, respectively. Vildagliptin exposure over 24 hours was similar between the SR and IR tablets. In addition, the PK profiles of the SR tablets were not altered by food. The SR tablets can be administered without a food effect and be an alternative option to IR tablets.
A novel bridgeless flying capacitor multilevel rectifier
Authors: Li Yaopu , Cheng Hong , Wang Cong , Zhao Zhihao , Yuan Wei , Wang Jun 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA novel transformerless three‐phase unidirectional bridgeless flying capacitor (UBFC) rectifier for medium‐voltage and high‐voltage applications is presented in this paper. The rectifier consists of three single‐phase rectifiers in wye connection; the DC outputs of the three single‐phase rectifiers are connected in parallel to provide a high common DC‐link bus, which makes it convenient to connect with neutral point clamped (NPC) or flying capacitor (FC) multilevel inverters. To avoid phase‐to‐phase current circulation, an additional inductor and diode are added to each single‐phase rectifier. Compared with conventional bidirectional multilevel converters, only half IGBTs are used, the voltage stress is lower, and the line‐frequency transformers are no longer required, which makes the proposed rectifier has a series of advantages such as reduced cost, simplified control complexity, increased reliability and improved overall efficiency. The basic operating principle of the proposed rectifier in continuous conduction mode is discussed; an improved carrier‐based level‐shifted pulse‐width modulation (PWM) method integrated with voltage balancing and the double closed‐loop control strategy are proposed to achieve more voltage levels and keep the flying capacitors in balance. The feasibility of the proposed rectifier is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Nuclear circRNA: Impairing genome stability via circR loops
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConn et al. have recently reported circRNA: DNA hybrids (circR loops) to promote oncogenic gene translocations and impair genome stability which drive leukemia. Herein, we will summarize potential molecular mechanisms and discuss clinical significance of uncovering circR loops as endogenous RNA carcinogens.
Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa
Authors: West Madeline L. , Hart Susan , Loughman Amy , Jacka Felice N. , Staudacher Heidi M. , Abbaspour Afrouz , Phillipou Andrea , Ruusunen Anu , Rocks Tetyana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID). Therefore, researchers believe the gut microbiota may have therapeutic relevance. Whilst research in this field is rapidly expanding, the unique considerations relevant to conducting gut microbiota research in individuals with AN must be addressed.MethodWe provide an overview of the published literature investigating the relationship between the gut microbiota and symptoms and behaviors present in AN, discuss important challenges in gut microbiota research, and offer recommendations for addressing these. We conclude by summarizing research design priorities for the field to move forward.ResultsSeveral ways exist to reduce participant burden and accommodate challenges when researching the gut microbiota in individuals with AN.DiscussionRecommendations from this article are foreseen to encourage scientific rigor and thoughtful protocol planning for microbiota research in AN, including ways to reduce participant burden. Employing such methods will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathophysiology and treatment.Public SignificanceThe field of gut microbiota research is rapidly expanding, including the role of the gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa. Thoughtful planning of future research will ensure appropriate data collection for meaningful interpretation while providing a positive experience for the participant. We present current challenges, recommendations for research design and priorities to facilitate the advancement of research in this field.
Crystalline Rhodium‐Tin Complexes with Radical Trianion and Tetraanion Phthalocyanine Ligands: Observation of Nimine(Pc)−Rh Coordination Bond
Authors: Faraonov Maxim A. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCrystalline {Cryptand(Na+)}[(COD)RhICl⋅SnII(Pc3−)]−⋅2C6H4Cl2 (1) and {Cryptand(Cs+)}[(COD)RhI⋅SnII(Pc4−)]−⋅C6H5CH3 (2) complexes were obtained via the interaction of [SnII(Pc3−)]− and [SnII(Pc4−)]2−, respectively, with organometallic {(COD)RhCl}2 dimer (COD is 1,5‐cyclooctadiene). Dissociation of {(COD)RhCl}2 followed by the Rh−Sn binding is observed at the formation of 1. Elimination of the chlorine atom at the rhodium atom is observed in 2, and rhodium is additionally coordinated to the imine nitrogen atom of Pc4−. The complexes contain mono‐ Pc⋅3− and doubly reduced Pc4− species, respectively, that is supported by the data of XRD analysis as well as optical and magnetic properties of 1 and 2. There is an alternation of C‐Nimine bonds in the macrocycles, which gradually increases with increasing negative charge on the macrocycle. The difference between shorter and longer bonds increases from 0.051 Å in Pc3− to 0.075 Å in Pc4−. The formation of 1 is accompanied by an essential blue shift of the Q‐band of starting SnPc and the appearance of a new intense band at 1031 nm. The even stronger shift of the Q‐band is observed in the spectrum of 2, but the band in the near‐IR range becomes weaker. The value of effective magnetic moment of 1 is 1.76 μB at 300 K corresponding the contribution of the Pc3− radical trianions (S=1/2). Only weak magnetic coupling with the Weise temperature of −3 K is observed in 1 due to weak π–π interaction between the macrocycles in the chains. Paramagnetic Pc3− species additionally monitored by EPR spectroscopy show a strong temperature dependence of g‐factor and linewidth of the EPR signal. Complex 2 is diamagnetic and EPR silent.
Anti‐obesity effects exerted by Dioscorea opposita Thunb. polysaccharides in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Li Sheng‐Nan , Zhang Dian‐Long , Wang Zhen‐Hui , Song Wen‐Ting , Chen Wen‐Bo , Hu Ge‐Li , Han Lu‐Ying , Zhou Jing‐Chun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObesity is characterized by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Dioscorea opposita Thunb. is a traditional food and medicine homolog from China. In the present study, polysaccharides isolated from a water extract of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. (DOTPs) were prepared. We showed that DOTPs reduced body weight, accumulation of fat tissues, insulin resistance, and inflammation in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. Further experiments showed that DOTPs could regulate the composition of the gut microbiota in HFD mice. DOTPs supplementation in HFD‐fed mice resulted in the reduction of the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes ratio. We further demonstrated that DOTPs supplementation enhanced bacterial levels of Akkermansia and reduced levels of Ruminiclostridium_9. A significant reduction of glycolysis metabolism related to obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis was also observed upon administration of DOTPs. Our results suggest that DOTPs can produce significant anti‐obesity effects, by inhibiting systematic inflammation and ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis in diet‐induced obese mice.
Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea
Authors: Xue Hong , Mei Chun‐Feng , Wang Feng‐Yun , Tang Xu‐Dong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChronic diarrhea, including diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D), osmotic diarrhea, bile acid diarrhea, and antibiotic‐associated diarrhea, is a common problem which is highly associated with disorders of the gut microbiota composition such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and so on. A growing number of studies have supported the view that Chinese herbal formula alleviates the symptoms of diarrhea by modulating the fecal microbiota. Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in Chinese herbs and function as important active ingredients. Commensal gut microbiota has an extensive capacity to utilize CHPs and play a vital role in degrading polysaccharides into short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Many CHPs, as prebiotics, have an antidiarrheal role to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria. This review systematically summarizes the relationship among gut microbiota, chronic diarrhea, and CHPs as well as recent progress on the impacts of CHPs on the gut microbiota and recent advances on the possible role of CHPs in chronic diarrhea.
Changes in flavor substances during the processing of boneless cold‐eating rabbit meat
Authors: Yuan Xianling , Peng Xianjie , Zheng Yidan , Luo Yi , Lin Hongbin , Zhang Zhouyou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCold‐eating rabbit is a traditional Chinese delicacy made by the process of pickling and frying. To explore the relationship between the flavor of cold‐eating rabbit and the production process, this study investigated the changes of nucleotides, free amino acids, fatty acids, and volatile flavor substances in diced, marinated for 10 min, marinated for 20 min, fried for 5 min, re‐fried for 10 min, re‐fried for 15 min, re‐fried for 20 min, seasoned and fried, and in the finished product, and analyzed the changes of flavor substances in deboned rabbit at different processing stages. Results showed that the content of 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP) increased significantly (p < .05), indicating that the degradation pathway mainly involved IMP. In total, 17 free amino acids were detected, the contents of which increased significantly (p < .05). In addition, 27 medium‐ and long‐chain fatty acids were detected. The total concentration of free fatty acids decreased in the fresh rabbit meat‐marinated 20 min stage (p < .05), then increased in the fried 5 min–fried 20 min stage (p < .05), and finally decreased in the fried with spices–finished stage (p < .05). Seventy‐seven volatile flavor substances were detected, and the 15‐minute frying stage was key in producing the volatile flavor substances.
The Moral Difference between Faces & FaceTime
Authors: Karches Kyle E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlthough the technology for telemedicine existed before the Covid‐19 pandemic, the need to provide medical services while minimizing the risk of contagion has encouraged its more widespread use. I argue that, although telemedicine can be useful in certain situations, physicians should not consider it an adequate substitute for the office visit. I first provide a narrative account of the experience of telemedicine. I then draw on philosophical critiques of technology to examine how telemedicine has epistemic and ethical effects that make some of the goods of medicine unavailable. Telemedicine rules out an embodied encounter between physician and patient, in which the sense of touch has special importance. The individualized attention facilitated by the in‐person visit may better sustain a caring physician‐patient relationship. Physicians should criticize attempts by administrators, insurers, or other parties to incentivize the wholesale replacement of traditional office visits with telemedicine.
Applying Research Domain Criteria to the study of emotion dysregulation in infancy and early childhood
Authors: Brown Mindy A. , Crowell Sheila E. , Conradt Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmotion regulation is a principal task of early development. The failure to develop effective emotion regulation skills is associated with behavioural, academic, psychological and socioemotional difficulties. Although researchers have studied emotion regulation for decades, work on emotion dysregulation—defined as the inability to maintain emotional control, engage with the environment or recover from distress in a developmentally appropriate manner—is rare and there are discrepancies in its conceptualisation among very young samples. While some scientists refer to emotion dysregulation as if it were a discrete concept, it may be more accurately depicted as a multidimensional system of developmental processes. The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is a framework that allows researchers to track dysfunction across multiple areas of analysis and may be an ideal system for exploring the multidimensional nature of infant emotion dysregulation. In this paper, we draw on empirical studies to describe how the RDoC framework can be used to support studies of emotion dysregulation in infancy. This proposed model can also serve as a roadmap for future researchers to follow to generate the evidence base for a multidimensional conceptualisation of infant emotion dysregulation and its underlying mechanisms.
The association between indications for cesarean delivery and surgery time
Authors: Gabbai Daniel , Lavie Anat , Yogev Yariv , Attali Emmanuel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to determine risk factors for prolonged surgery time of cesarean delivery (CD).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary university–affiliated medical center (2011–2022). The study group consisted of all women who underwent CD that lasted >90 min (representing the 95th percentile of CD length in our cohort). Data were compared with CDs with an operation time of <90 min. Demographic, obstetric, and surgical characteristics, as well as indications for surgery and urgency (in labor vs. elective surgery), were compared.ResultsOverall, during the study period, 31 660 CDs were performed in our center. Of them, 1397 (4.4%) lasted >90 min.After applying a multivariate analysis, abnormal placentation (relative risk [RR] 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3–1.8]), previous uterine scar (RR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.5–3.0]), general anesthesia (RR, 3.5 [95% CI, 2.9–4.4]) and preterm delivery (RR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.78–2.4]) were found to be associated with prolonged surgical time. CD due to malpresentation (RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.46–0.7]), multiple gestations (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.6–0.9]), and patient request (RR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.38–0.84]) were found to be protective factors.ConclusionThe main risk factors associated with additional surgery time in CD are general anesthesia, abnormal placentation, previous uterine scar, and preterm delivery.
Dependence of ghost on the incident light angle into dichroic mirror
Authors: Wang Shuo , Hu Min , Sun Beini , Pang Tian , Zhuang Zhengfei , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dichroic mirror (DM) is a key component in microscope. We found a ghost in the reflection channel of a dual‐channel fluorescence microscope and studied the relationship between the ghost and the incidence angle into the DM. The DM emission surface reflection generated ghost if the is not . We analyzed the distance and intensity relationship between the ghost and the primary image, which is ‐dependent and was demonstrated by imaging live cells and a stage micrometer. The ghost can be eliminated by placing the DM between objective and tube lens, but not between tube lens and detector, ensuring that the incident light into the DM is approximately parallel. Furthermore, the transmitted light of the DM is shifted towards a longer wavelength with increasing . Collectively, microscopists must carefully optimize the when designing a microscope to avoid the ghost.
Firms’ exposure to political risk and financial reporting quality
Authors: Timbate Lukas , Asrat Dereje Ferede 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examine the effects of political risk at the firm level on the integrity of financial reports between 2009 and 2019 using a data from U.S. firms. We provide evidence that, as evaluated by quarterly earnings conference call transcripts of companies with analysts that focus on political risk or uncertainty, political risk at the firm level is inversely related to the quality of accounting information. This effect is more likely to happen to firms with a higher agency problem, faster growth, and greater reliance on outside finance. The results persist after controlling macroeconomic variables. Our findings are also robust to alternative financial reporting quality criteria and endogeneity tests, and are economically significant.
Quantum mechanical assessment on the optical properties of capsanthin conformers
Authors: Putro Permono Adi , Sakti Aditya Wibawa , Ahmad Faozan , Nakai Hiromi , Alatas Husin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs optical properties, the ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra of capsanthin‐based red natural dye are a decisive parameter for their usage in various applications. Thus, accurately predicting the maximum UV–Vis wavelength () values is critical in designing dye‐conjugated material. Extensive metadynamics simulations were carried out to generate capsanthin conformers at various levels of the extended tight‐binding method. Benchmarking the time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods help understand the results of a particular functional and allows a comparison between results obtained with different functional. The long‐range correction (LC) scheme in LC‐TD‐DFT‐D4/ωB97X/def2‐SVP has been found to reproduce the experimental and exhibited the effect of conformational changes to the calculated wavelengths. On the other hand, an inexpensive yet efficient LC‐TD‐DFTB method reproduced the experimental insensitive to conformational changes.