bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Virus Infection in Children of Xianyang Children's Hospital in 2022
Authors: Dong Mingxing , Wang Ying , Wang Xixia , Zhang Yale , Han Hongwu , Jiao Fuyong , Zhang Weihua 
Published: August 2023

The incidence of HPIV infection in children is on the rise, particularly following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, which presents a potential risk to the health of children.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in children admitted to Xianyang Children's Hospital (Xianyang Caihong Hospital) from January 2022 to December 2022.
Methods: Out of the 5873 cases of hospitalised children, the ones which had HPIV as the only pathogen and were non-standard cases were excluded, and the rest were analysed for their clinical characteristics, based on the six nucleic acids kits used to detect HPIV in respiratory tract viruses. Results: Among 5873 cases of Nasopharyngeal swab specimens, there were 795 cases of HPIV antigen positive, of which 794 cases of HPIV3（13.52%, 3 cases of HPIV1（0.05%; There were 472 males (13.92%) and 325 females (13.09%) in them(χ2 =0.381, P=0.362).The infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 8.03%, 55.71%, 28.48% and 7.78%, respectively, and the difference of pairwise comparison were statistically significant (χ2=539.158, P=0).There were 318 cases (19.51%) in infant group and 164 cases (10.86%) in children group (χ2=45.118, P=0). With HPIV as the sole pathogen including 363 cases of bronchopneumonia, 237 cases of bronchitis, 8 cases of pertussis syndrome, 84 cases of bronchiolitis.
Conclusion: ⑴. During the period of January to December 2022, Xianyang Children's Hospital has seen a high prevalence of HPIV, a virus causing lower respiratory tract infection, especially HPIV3. ⑵.No statistical evidence showed a difference between men and women in terms of high morbidity during spring and summer, which was more common among infants and young children. ⑶. Among children infected with HPIV, the four most common respiratory illnesses are bronchopneumonia, bronchitis, pertussis syndrome, and bronchiolitis. After undergoing symptomatic treatment, most children showed marked improvement. It is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of HPIV infections in children, enabling timely prevention and symptomatic treatment, identifying critical and serious illnesses, and reducing morbidity and mortality.
Plant Senescence: How Plants Choose, How and When to Die
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2023

The word "senescence in plants" refers to the natural ageing process that takes place in plant tissues, organs, and cells and ultimately causes plant death. It is an intricate, tightly controlled process that is affected by both external and internal variables. The internal biological clock of the plant, which is controlled by many external conditions like temperature, light, and nutrition availability, is one of the primary causes of senescence. The internal clock alerts the plant to begin senescing when it reaches a specific age or developmental stage. Several biochemical and physiological changes that the plant experiences during senescence cause the disintegration of cellular elements such as nucleic acids, proteins, chlorophyll and other macromolecules. The plant may continue to grow and develop because these breakdown products are recycled and utilised to create new tissues and organs.
In addition, the plant generates and stores a variety of signalling chemicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hormones, that control the senescence process. The different physiological and biochemical changes that take place during senescence are coordinated by these signalling molecules, which serve as messengers. Senescence is an ordinary and necessary component of the life cycle of plants, but it can also be brought on early by many environmental challenges, including disease, nutrient inadequacy, and drought. The relevance of comprehending the processes that regulate the senescence procedure is emphasized by the fact that premature senescence can have a major influence on plant growth and productivity.
The genetically controlled degenerative process of leaf/plant senescence includes nutrient remobilization before the death of leaf/plant tissues. Together with other senescence-causing elements, age plays a significant developmental role in the process. Senescence is regulated at the cellular level by a variety of signalling molecules, hormones, and transcription factors. The complexity of the senescence process, as well as the perception and transmission of senescence signals, as well as subsequent regulatory events, are briefly reviewed in this overview, which also covers current advancements in this area. It will be explored where this field is headed in the future and how related techniques might be used to improve crops.
Improvement of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Chlorophyll Content by Using Growing Medium and Organic Liquid
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Yadav R. K. , Jain M. C. , Bhateshwar Mukesh Chand 
Published: August 2023

A pot experiment was conducted during rainy season (July month) of 2019 at nursery unit of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, Ummedganj, Kota to evaluate the impact of growing media and cow urine on seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Arka Surya. The experiments were laid out in a factorial complete randomized design with two factors consisting 11 growing media and 2 level of cow urine (with or without). Among different treatments combination used the medium Soil + Sand + Vermiculite + Cocopeat + Perlite (1:1:1:1:1) with cow urine found significantly superior over other treatments and control with respect to lowest days required for first germination (6.17 days) and higher germination percentage (90.24 %). It has given better seedling height (15.48 cm), number of leaves per seedling (9.83) and leaf area (51.85 cm2) at 75 days after sowing. The maximum length of longest tap root (14.20 cm), diameter of tap root (4.12 mm) and root/shoot ratio (0.87) were also found significantly superior in the same treatment as compared to rest of the treatments. Further, it was also found superior with relation to highest chlorophyll (2.50 mg/100g). Therefore, it is recommended this growing medium combination along with cow urine should be used for better germination and growth of papaya seed by orchardist.
Mussel‐Inspired Surface Chemistry Constructed Monodispersed Core‐Shell Poly(Dopamine)‐Modified PS/Ni Metal Composite Microspheres for the Low Cost and High Reliability
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Ailing , Liu Baijun , Zhang Mingyao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, polydopamine (PDA) was used to modify polystyrene/nickel (PS/Ni) metal composite microspheres prepared by chemical plating technology to obtain PDA@PS/Ni microspheres with a size of 2.45 μm. These microspheres were added to a polyurethane pressure‐sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrix, and each anisotropic conductive adhesive (PDA@PS/Ni‐ACA) was ultimately obtained by rapid UV curing under room temperature conditions. The effects of different loading amounts on the prepared PS/Ni metal composite microspheres were investigated, and the differences in dispersibility, electrical properties, and mechanical properties between PDA@PS/Ni‐ACAs and PS/Ni‐ACAs were discussed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high resistivity measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the metal composite microspheres and ACAs. When the PDA@PS/Ni content was 3 wt.%, the resistivity was found to be 1.3 × 10−4 Ω cm, which is 15 orders of magnitude lower than that of pure PSAs PDA@PS, and the tensile strength was as high as 16.21 MPa. The tensile strength of pure PSA is 18.13 MPa, which is higher than that of heat‐cured PSA. In addition, the conductive adhesive maintains its anisotropy when the PDA@PS/Ni content is increased to 30 wt.%. These findings will help to expand the application of ACAs in the electronic packaging industry.
Fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification impact bermudagrass surfaces
Authors: McCauley Raymond K. , Pinnix Garland D. , Miller Grady L. , Heitman Joshua L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification are disruptive cultural practices that alter soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fraise mowing followed by hollow‐tine aerification on soil physical properties in a Cecil sandy loam (loam) and a sand‐capped soccer field (sand) beneath established ‘Tifway’ hybrid bermudagrass (C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt. Davy). Three fraise mowing depths (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 inches) and hollow‐tine aerification were applied in mid‐June in two consecutive years. Turfgrass quality (TQ), thatch‐mat depth, surface hardness, and divot resistance were measured in both soils. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured in the sand. All fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification treatments resulted in unacceptable TQ for 2 to 6 weeks during the study. However, combining hollow‐tine aerification with fraise mowing did not delay bermudagrass recovery. Thatch‐mat depth decreased by ≥19% as fraise mowing depth increased but was unaffected by hollow‐tine aerification. Fraise mowing did not affect Ksat; however, hollow‐tine aerification increased Ksat by 54%. Surface hardness increased by ≤24% with increasing fraise mowing depths. Fraise mowing did not affect divot resistance in the loam. Divot resistance in sand decreased by 16 and 30% with the 0.5‐ and 1.0‐inch fraise mowing depths, respectively. Hollow‐tine aerification decreased surface hardness by 5% to 20% and divot resistance by 6% to 13%. When practiced concurrently, fraise mowing and hollow‐tine aerification were complimentary and positively affected the soil physical properties in both soils.
Nickel tolerance in cool‐season grasses
Authors: Patrick Caleb , Liu Haibo , White Sarah , Luo Hong , Taylor Jacob 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNickel (Ni) toxicity is becoming more prevalent in plants and soils due to increased use of sewage sludge as fertilizers and wastewater irrigation applications; therefore, research on the tolerance of cool‐season turfgrasses and other grassy species is needed. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is one of most prevalent annual grassy weeds on fine turf worldwide. This research was conducted to examine Ni tolerance of two creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars Seaside II and PennLinks II plus a mixture of annual bluegrass and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in pure sand and treated with six different Ni concentration levels supplied as NiSO4·6H2O (control, 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 µg L−1 of Ni). Grasses were assessed based on quality, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), relative clipping biomass, relative root biomass, relative total biomass, and plant tissue Ni concentration. All measured parameters decreased, and toxicity symptoms followed by growth reductions were noted for all grasses as Ni concentrations increased. Seaside II and PennLinks II at Ni concentrations of 400 and 800 µg L−1 were noted to be at acceptable turf quality or higher, when weedy species mixture was below the acceptable grass quality level. Seaside II displayed acceptable turf quality even at 1600 µg L−1 of Ni. At 3200 µg L−1 of Ni, PennLinks II and weedy species mixture were necrotic at the conclusion of the 8 weeks of the study compared to Seaside II, which was actively growing with signs of yellowing. Results illustrate genetic differences in Ni tolerance, and Seaside II, a salt‐tolerant creeping bentgrass cultivar, has stronger Ni toxic concentration tolerance than PennLinks II and a mixture of two annual weedy grass species, which are often found in the transition zone. This may explore potentials of more research on micronutrient management of weedy species.
Allelopathic potential of warm‐season turfgrass species as an alternative management strategies for weed control
Authors: Taylor Jacob W. , Amgain Naba R. , Patton Aaron J. , Bowling R. G. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , McCarty L. B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlternative cultural methods, such as the selection of a turfgrass species and cultivars, need to be investigated as a weed control tactic since certain turfgrass species/varieties demonstrate potential for weed suppression. The objective of this experiment was to assess the allelopathic potential of common warm‐season turfgrass species (Eremochloa ophiuroides, Stenotaphrum secundatum, and Zoysia japonica) on common turf weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, and Poa annua). Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of turfgrass competition, leaf extracts, and soil leachates on the germination and growth of weed species. Leaf extracts were more effective in suppressing weed species germination and growth than soil leachates. Zoysiagrass leaf extracts reduced the germination of P. annua by 16% and the coleoptile length of E. indica L. by 47% compared to deionized water control. Turfgrass species’ leaf extract stimulates annual bluegrass's coleoptile growth while inhibiting its radicle growth. Warm‐season turfgrass soil leachates did not suppress the germination and radicle growth of weed species. Eremochloa ophiuroides soil leachates were effective in suppressing D. sanguinalis coleoptile length. In this experiment, limited allelopathic effects of turfgrass species were noted. Poa annua germination and growth were reduced in a densely established turf, indicating that turfgrass species were equally inhibitory when competition was present. These results suggest that maintaining a dense and strong turf sward that can outcompete weeds for light, nutrients, and water is a more successful weed management technique than selecting a turfgrass species based on potential allelopathic effects.
Broadband CARS Hyperspectral Classification of Single Immune Cells
Authors: Muddiman Ryan , Harkin Sarah , Butler Marion , Hennelly Bryan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBroadband CARS is a coherent Raman scattering technique that provides access to the full biological vibrational spectrum within milliseconds, facilitating the recording of widefield hyperspectral Raman images. In this work, BCARS hyperspectral images of unstained cells from two different cell lines of immune lineage (T cell [Jurkat] and pDCs [CAL‐1]) were recorded and analyzed using multivariate statistical algorithms in order to determine the spectral differences between the cells. A classifier was trained which could distinguish the known cells with a 97% out‐of‐bag accuracy. The classifier was then applied to unlabeled samples containing a mixture of the two cell types on the same coverslip. This work demonstrates single‐cell analysis of pDCs (CAL‐1) and T cells (Jurkat) using BCARS. This approach enables an initial validation of cellular classification. We further demonstrate the capability of BCARS cell classification using single spectra of 5 ms acquisition time.
Rubric for peer evaluation of oral presentations: Use and perceptions among experienced and non‐experienced students
Authors: Pérez‐Higueras Juan José , Hidalgo Arroquia Juan José , Gancedo‐Caravia Lucía 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeA properly designed rubric for oral presentations should be useful both to assess students’ performance and to help them prepare for the task. However, its use and perceptions might be influenced by scholars’ previous familiarization with rubrics during pre‐university courses. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the previous experience of students in the use of rubrics can influence their assessment of oral presentations and to compare their ratings with those assigned by educators.MethodsEighty‐six first‐year undergraduate dentistry students were randomly distributed in teams to prepare oral presentations. A newly designed assessment rubric was presented to the students prior to the assignment. Six weeks later the students performed the presentations and were anonymously assessed with the rubric by their peers and seven educators (EDU). Students’ perceptions towards the rubric as a learning and assessment tool were registered with an anonymous survey, which also recorded if they were familiar with the use of rubrics (experienced students, ES) or not (not‐experienced students, NES). Assigned scores by NES, ES, and EDU were compared.ResultsSixty‐seven students completed the survey. No differences were found in the scores assigned among experienced (41) and non‐experienced students (26). Educators assigned significantly lower scores than students. ES and NES considered the rubric a complete easy to use and useful tool that helped them feel confident during assessment and performance.ConclusionsPrevious experience does not influence students’ use and perceptions of the newly developed rubric, however, ratings assigned by students are not comparable to those of EDU.
Differences in health care expenditure due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kinugawa Anna , Takeuchi Kenji , Tamada Yudai , Kusama Taro , Sato Misuzu , Maeda Megumi , Murata Fumiko , Osaka Ken , Fukuda Haruhisa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the differences in health care expenditure (HCE) due to the comorbidity status of periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsThis cohort study used health care claims and oral health screening data to identify participants with PD or DM and followed them for 1 year to assess their HCE. PD and DM were determined based on PD screening and medical claims data, respectively. The study participants were divided into four groups: participants without PD and DM (PD−/DM−), participants with PD and without DM (PD+/DM−), participants without PD and with DM (PD−/DM+), and participants with PD and DM (PD+/DM+). Covariates included age, sex, smoking status, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score. A generalized linear model (GLM) with a gamma distribution and log link function was used to examine the association between comorbidity and annual HCE, and a two‐part model was used to assess the differences in annual HCE.ResultsIn total, 790 participants (mean age: 63.1, 30.3% male) were included. Compared with the PD−/DM− group, the relative cost ratio (RCR) for the PD+/DM+, PD−/DM+, PD+/DM− groups were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.62), 1.27 (95% CI: 0.99–1.64), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.89–1.14) times higher, respectively. The adjusted mean annual HCE for the PD+/DM+, PD−/DM+, PD+/DM− groups were ¥59,328 (95% CI: 14,171–104,484), ¥50,228 (95% CI: −15,801–116,256), ¥‐2,162 (95% CI: −24,598–20,274) higher than the PD−/DM− group, respectively.ConclusionThis study provides a significant contribution of PD to the increase in HCE, particularly in individuals with DM.Plain Language SummaryThe association between periodontal disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) has commonly been described in previous literature, but the health expenditure incurred when PD and DM coexist is not clear. This study investigates the differences in health care expenditure (HCE) due to the comorbidity status of PD and DM. HCE is calculated from medical, dental, and pharmacy‐dispensing expenditures from the claims data. PD was defined by periodontal pocket scores, and DM was determined based on medical records. Study participants were divided into four groups based on whether they had PD, DM, both, or neither. The results showed that people with both PD and DM had higher HCE compared with those without PD and DM. These findings may suggest the importance of cooperation between medical and dental professionals in the treatment of DM in terms of HCE.
Dynamics of marine inorganic carbon and silica: A field study of the mechanisms controlling seawater major element concentrations
Authors: Steiner Zvi , Benaltabet Tal , Torfstein Adi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA highly resolved time series of dissolved major element (calcium, strontium, magnesium, and lithium) concentrations in the north Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, reveals variability in major cation concentrations beyond analytic uncertainties. This variability is composed of an interannual component that is most important for calcium, and a short‐term daily‐timescale component that is most important for lithium. As evident from covariation in calcium, potential alkalinity, and Sr/Ca, the calcium carbonate cycle of the Gulf of Aqaba is dominated by coral calcification, and there was an increase in calcification rates between 2017 and 2018. Variability in lithium concentrations, and larger changes in magnesium concentrations than expected from magnesium distribution coefficients in carbonate minerals, suggest an active cycle of aluminosilicate mineral dissolution, and precipitation of secondary silicate minerals.
A new strategy for preparing web‐reinforced foam sandwich composites with excellent mechanical properties
Authors: Liu Yang , Min Wei , Cheng Lele , Yu Muhuo , Qi Liangliang , Sun Zeyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWeb‐reinforced foam sandwich composite structures have garnered significant attention for their ability to improve Z‐direction strength (strength along thickness) and interfacial mechanical properties. However, the complexity of their manufacturing process has hindered large‐scale applications. The thermal expansion molding process (TEMP) addresses these engineering challenges by generating expansion pressure from the inside out, enabling the formation of intricate web‐reinforced sandwich composite structures. In this study, a thermal expansion epoxy foam expanded 2–10 times under 110–150°C conditions. By coordinating the foam and Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepreg system, we successfully established the match among expansion pressure, time, temperature, and viscosity for the composites prepared using TEMP. Based on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite materials, we selected an expandable foam that expanded four times at 135°C, resulting in various specifications of corrugated plate‐reinforced foam sandwich composite structures. When comparing the newly designed structures to pure foam sandwich structures, we observed a significant improvement in mechanical performance: the compression strength increased from 4.81 to 10.59 MPa, while the specific energy absorption rose from 2285.63 to 3864.63 J/kg with a corrugated plate width of 20 mm. This study establishes a foundation for integrating the TEMP to create complex reinforced sandwich composite structures, paving the way for future applications in engineering.Highlights
A coordinated regulation method of TEMP technology was proposed.
The match of parameters was obtained to control TEMP technology.
The TEMP technology has more advantages in forming sandwich composites.
The compression properties of corrugated plate were improved.