bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial composition along the digestive tract of the Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta), a tropical herbivorous bird
Authors: García-Amado María Alexandra , Rudolf Carla A. , Fuentes-Fuentes Maria del Mar , Chorna Nataliya , Martínez Leoncia Margarita , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa 
Published: February 2023

Background
The Horned Screamer (Anhima cornuta) is an herbivorous bird that inhabits wetlands of the South American tropical region. We hypothesize that due to its herbivorous niche, its digestive tract compartments may have bacteria specialized in fermenting complex plant carbohydrates. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bacterial communities along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a Horned Screamer captured in Venezuela.

Methods
Samples were taken from tissues and content of the proventriculus and the small intestine (considered for this study as upper GIT), and the large intestine and cecum (lower GIT). The bacterial community was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using QIIME, QIITA and Microbiome Analyst. The association between microbial taxonomy and function was analyzed using their Greengenes OTU IDs and a custom KEGG BRITE hierarchical tree and visualized with BURRITO.

Results
The Screamer’s gastrointestinal microbiota was composed by seven phyla being Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes the most predominant. The dominant taxa in the upper GIT were Helicobacter, Vibrio, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus. The dominant taxa in the lower GIT were Oribacterium, Blautia, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Desulfovibrio, Intestinimonas, Marvinbryantia and Parabacteroides. Complete degradation of cellulose to the end-products acetate, propanoate, butanoate and acetoacetate was found in the upper and lower GIT without significant differences.

Conclusion
Our study confirmed changes in bacterial community composition throughout the GIT of the Horned Screamer primarily associated with the production of metabolic end-products of carbohydrate digestion essential for the fermentation of the herbivorous diet.
Evaluation of In vivo Toxicity and In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Anonidium mannii
Authors: Kame Eugène Ékounè , Nguemfo Edwige Laure , Noundou Xavier Siwe , Tsakem Bienvenu , Mpondo Emmanuel Mpondo , Ngameni Bathelemy , Nguedia Jules Clement Assob , Teinkela Jean Emmanuel Mbosso 
Published: February 2023

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity; and the antimicrobial activity of Anonidium mannii stem bark ethanolic extract.
Study Design: This is an experimental study.
Location and Duration of the Study: The work was conducted from 15 November 2020 to 31 May 2021 at several laboratories (the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory of the University of Douala, the Animal Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University of Yaoundé 1 and in the Hematology and Bacteriology Laboratories of the District Hospital of the Cité des Palmiers, Douala, Cameroon).
Methodology: The in vivo acute and subacute toxicities studies were conducted following the guidelines of the OECD on Wistar rats, while the in vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the microdilution method on bacterial (Neisseria gonorrheae, Escherichia coli, Salmonela spp) and fungal (Candida albicans) strains.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, tannins, triterpenes. An oral administration of the extract did not induce an abnormal variation of the physiological parameters in rats, at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. After twenty-eight days of observation during the study of subacute toxicity, the extract showed good safety in terms of subacute toxicity. No deaths were recorded at the different doses; and clinical and physiological parameters analyses revealed a non-significant statistical difference. All bacterial strains in the presence of the extract were inhibited, as well as C. albicans. The extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorheae (MIC 15.6 μg/mL), E. coli (MIC 62.5 μg/mL) and Salmonella spp (MIC 15.6 μg/mL).
Conclusion: These results could justify the use of A. mannii stem bark in the traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of gonococcal disease, diarrhea, abscesses and food poisoning.
Assessment of FDA-Approved Drugs Not Recommended for Use or Reimbursement in Other Countries, 2017-2020
Authors: Pham Catherine , Le Kim , Draves Maisha , Seoane-Vazquez Enrique 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceDrug expenditures in the US are higher than in any other country and are projected to continue increasing, so US health systems may benefit from evaluating international regulatory and reimbursement decision-making of new drugs.ObjectiveTo evaluate regulatory decisions and health technology assessments (HTAs) in Australia, Canada, and the UK regarding new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 through 2020, as well as to estimate the US cost per patient per year for drugs receiving negative recommendations.Design and SettingIn this cross-sectional study, recommendations issued by agencies in Australia, Canada, and the UK were collected for new drugs approved by the FDA in 2017 through 2020. All data were current as of May 31, 2022.ExposuresAuthorizations and HTAs in selected countries.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll FDA-approved drugs were matched by active ingredient to decision summary reports published by drug regulators and HTA agencies in Australia, Canada, and the UK. Regulatory approval concordance and reasons for negative recommendations were assessed using descriptive statistics. For drugs not recommended by an international agency, the annual US drug cost per patient was estimated from FDA labeling and wholesale acquisition costs.ResultsThe FDA approved 206 new drugs in 2017 through 2020, of which 162 (78.6%) were granted marketing authorization by at least 1 other regulatory agency at a median (IQR) delay of 12.1 (17.7) months following US approval. Conversely, 5 FDA-approved drugs were refused marketing authorization by an international regulatory agency due to unfavorable benefit-to-risk assessments. An additional 42 FDA-approved drugs received negative reimbursement recommendations from HTA agencies in Australia, Canada, or the UK due to uncertainty of clinical benefits or unacceptably high prices. The median (IQR) US cost of the 47 drugs refused authorization or not recommended for reimbursement by an international agency was $115 281 ($166 690) per patient per year. Twenty drugs were for oncology indications, and 36 were approved by the FDA through expedited regulatory pathways or the Orphan Drug Act.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study assessed reasons for which drugs recently approved by the FDA were refused marketing authorization or not recommended for public reimbursement in other countries. Drugs with limited international market presence may require close examination by US health care professionals and health systems.
Comparison of Fractures Among Older Adults Who Are Ambulatory vs Those Who Use Wheelchairs in Sweden
Authors: Axelsson Kristian F. , Litsne Henrik , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceSeveral diseases and conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, previous fractures, neurological diseases, or amputation, can result in severe immobility justifying wheelchair use for increased mobility. Immobility results in disuse osteoporosis and is considered a risk factor for fracture, although there are no large cohort studies that have investigated fracture risk in patients who use wheelchairs compared with an ambulatory control group.ObjectiveTo investigate whether immobilized adults who used wheelchairs had a different risk of fracture and injurious falls compared with matched ambulatory controls.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study compared patients who used wheelchairs and controls (propensity score matched 1:1 using 22 variables relating to anthropometrics, general condition, comorbidity, and fall and fracture risk), identified through a national database of adults 65 years or older who underwent a health evaluation (baseline) at Swedish health care facilities. Patients were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017, and data analysis was performed between June 1 and 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident fracture, injurious falls without fracture, and deaths.ResultsA total of 55 442 adults using wheelchairs were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 83.2 [8.3] years; 60.5% women). Those who used wheelchairs and the 55 442 matched controls were followed up for a median of 2.0 (IQR, 0.5-3.2) and 2.3 (IQR, 0.8-3.6) years, respectively. Patients who used wheelchairs had a lower risk of any fracture (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.41-0.44]), major osteoporotic fracture (HR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.31-0.33]), and hip fracture (HR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.28-0.32]) compared with the ambulatory controls, associations that were only marginally affected by multivariable (same as the matching variables) adjustment. The risk of fall injury was lower among those who used wheelchairs than among ambulatory controls (unadjusted HR for Cox proportional hazards models, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.47-0.50]) and remained highly similar after adjustments. Patients who used wheelchairs had a significantly increased risk of death (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.33-1.36]) compared with controls. Association between wheelchair use and fracture outcomes and injurious falls, calculated using a Fine and Gray model with death as a competing risk, was similar to associations obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression for all fracture outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study of older adults, wheelchair use was associated with a lower risk of fracture than observed in ambulatory controls. These findings suggest that immobility associated with wheelchair use should not be considered a risk factor for fracture.
Impact of Tele-Emergency Consultations on Pediatric Interfacility Transfers
Authors: Marcin James P. , Sauers-Ford Hadley S. , Mouzoon Jamie L. , Haynes Sarah C. , Dayal Parul , Sigal Ilana , Tancredi Daniel , Lieng Monica K. , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: February 2023

ImportancePediatric referral centers are increasingly using telemedicine to provide consultations to help care for acutely ill children presenting to rural and community emergency departments (EDs). These pediatric telemedicine consultations may help improve physician decision-making and may reduce the frequency of overtriage and interfacility transfers.ObjectiveTo examine the use of pediatric critical care telemedicine vs telephone consultations associated with risk-adjusted transfer rates of acutely ill children from community and rural EDs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cluster-randomized crossover trial was conducted between November 18, 2015, and March 26, 2018. Analyses were conducted from January 19, 2018, to July 23, 2022, 2022. Participants included acutely ill children aged 14 years and younger presenting to a participating ED in 15 rural and community EDs in northern California.InterventionsParticipating EDs were randomized to use telemedicine or telephone for consultations with pediatric critical care physicians according to 1 of 4 unbalanced (3 telemedicine:1 telephone) crossover treatment assignment sequences.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIntention-to-treat, treatment-received, and per-protocol analyses were performed to determine the risk of transfer using mixed effects Poisson regression analyses with random intercepts for presenting EDs to account for hospital-level clustering.ResultsA total of 696 children (392 boys [56.3%]; mean [SD] age, 4.2 [4.6] years) were enrolled. Of the 537 children (77.2%) assigned to telemedicine, 251 (46.7%) received the intervention. In the intention-to-treat analysis, patients assigned to the telemedicine arm were less likely to be transferred compared with patients assigned to the telephone arm after adjusting for patient age, severity of illness, and hospital study period (risk rate [RR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99). The adjusted risk of transfer was significantly lower in the telemedicine arm compared with the telephone arm in both the treatment-received analysis (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94) and the per-protocol analysis (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.92).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized trial, the use of telemedicine to conduct consultations for acutely ill children in rural and community EDs resulted in less frequent overall interfacility transfers than consultations done by telephone.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02877810
Pixel‐Level Grayscale Manipulation to Improve Accuracy in Digital Light Processing 3D Printing
Authors: Montgomery S. Macrae , Demoly Frédéric , Zhou Kun , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDigital light processing (DLP) is a widely used additive manufacturing technique for functional applications due to its high accuracy and print speeds. However, a variety of factors such as pixel size, motion stage resolution, optical focus, and chemical properties of the resin limit DLP's minimum resolution. Recently, research into locally varying light intensities has led to the emergence of grayscale DLP printing, which offers new capabilities including sub‐pixel manipulation of the printed shape. Here, a methodology is developed to enhance accuracy beyond what is typically capable for a given projector resolution by using pixel‐level grayscale control to create round features from sharp pixels. A numerical representation of the DLP pixel shape is developed to account for the effects of the incident light patterns. A reaction‐diffusion model is then used to predict the printed shapes before and after grayscale enhancement. This model is used to determine the optimal pixel intensities to match a target shape. Finally, the minimum feature size allowed by the proposed method is explored. The promising results represent an important step forward in raising DLP printing to higher accuracy, which will allow the fabrication of functional and structural components with smaller features or smoother faces.
Artificial Graphite Paper as a Corrosion‐Resistant Current Collector for Long‐Life Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Yimei , Guo Qiang , Wu Yong , Ying Danfeng , Yu Yanan , Chi Tengsheng , Xia Shengjie , Zhou Xufeng , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe employment of ultra‐thin lithium metal anode with high loading cathode is the key to realizing high‐energy‐density rechargeable lithium batteries. Ultra‐thin lithium foils are routinely loaded on a copper substrate in batteries, however, the close contact of these two metals causes galvanic corrosion in the presence of electrolyte, which results in irreversible consumption of lithium and decomposition of electrolyte. Herein, a lightweight and highly conductive flexible graphite paper (GP) is applied to replace Cu foil as the current collector for lithium metal anode. It is demonstrated that the application of GP prevents galvanic corrosion and maintains intimate and steady contact between Li foil and GP current collector during cycling, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the battery. A 1.08 Ah pouch cell assembled with Li@GP anode and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode exhibits a long lifetime of 240 cycles with a capacity retention of 91.6% under limited Li, high cathode loading and lean electrolyte conditions.
Dilute Aqueous Hybrid Electrolyte with Regulated Core‐Shell‐Solvation Structure Endows Safe and Low‐Cost Potassium‐Ion Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Chen Jianchao , Lei Shulai , Zhang Shuxian , Zhu Chunyan , Liu Qingyuan , Wang Chengxiang , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Shijie , Shi Yuanchang , Yin Longwei , Wang Rutao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐concentration “water‐in‐salt” (WIS) electrolytes with the wider electrochemical stability window (ESW) can give rise to safe, non‐flammable, and high‐energy aqueous potassium‐ion energy storage devices, thus highlighting the prospect for applications in grid‐scale energy storage. However, WIS electrolytes usually depend on highly concentrated salts, leading to serious concerns about cost and sustainability. Here, an aqueous low‐concentration‐based potassium‐ion hybrid electrolyte is demonstrated with the regulated core‐shell‐solvation structure by using an aprotic solvent, i.e., trimethyl phosphate, to limit the water activity. This aqueous hybrid electrolyte has a low salt concentration (1.6 mol L−1) of potassium trifluoromethanesulfonate but with an expanded ESW up to 3.4 V and the nonflammable property. Based on this dilute aqueous hybrid electrolyte, electrochemical double‐layer capacitors are capable of working within a large voltage range (0–2.4 V) at a wide range of temperatures from −20 to 60 °C. An aqueous potassium‐ion battery consisting of an organic 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide anode, Prussian blue K1.5Mn0.61Fe0.39[Fe(CN)6]0.77·H2O cathode and this dilute aqueous hybrid electrolyte can operate well at rates between 0.2 and 4.0 C and deliver a high energy density of 66.5 Wh kg−1 as well as a durable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84.5% after 600 cycles at 0.8 C.
Efficient All‐Perovskite White Light‐Emitting Diodes Made of In Situ Grown Perovskite‐Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites
Authors: Fan Meng , Huang Jinpeng , Turyanska Lyudmila , Bian Zhenfeng , Wang Liancheng , Xu Chunyang , Liu Nan , Li Hongbo , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Chengxi , Yang Xuyong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as potential materials for high brightness, wide color gamut, and cost‐effective backlight emission due to their high photoluminescence quantum yields, narrow emission linewidths, and tunable bandgaps. Herein, CsPbX3/SBA‐15 nanocomposites are prepared with outstanding optical properties and high stability through an in situ growth strategy using mesoporous silica particles. According to finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, the mesoporous structure provides a strong waveguide effect on perovskite QDs and the uniform dispersion suppresses reabsorption losses, improving the overall photoconversion efficiency of perovskite QDs. The as‐fabricated perovskite monochromatic light‐emitting diode (LED) has a maximum luminous efficiency of 183 lm W−1, which is the highest for monochromatic perovskite LEDs reported to date. A further benefit of this work is that the white devices, which combine the green and red perovskite nanocomposites with commercial blue LED, exhibit a high luminous efficiency of 116 lm W−1 and a wide color gamut (125% for NTSC and 94% for Rec. 2020) with coordinates of (0.33,0.31).
Wetting Effect on Patterned Substrates
Authors: Wang Fei , Wu Yanchen , Nestler Britta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA droplet deposited on a solid substrate leads to the wetting phenomenon. A natural observation is the lotus effect, known for its superhydrophobicity. This special feature is engendered by the structured microstructure of the lotus leaf, namely, surface heterogeneity, as explained by the quintessential Cassie–Wenzel theory (CWT). In this work, recent designs of functional substrates are overviewed based on the CWT via manipulating the contact area between the liquid and the solid substrate as well as the intrinsic Young's contact angle. Moreover, the limitation of the CWT is discussed. When the droplet size is comparable to the surface heterogeneity, anisotropic wetting morphology often appears, which is beyond the scope of the Cassie–Wenzel work. In this case, several recent studies addressing the anisotropic wetting effect on chemically and mechanically patterned substrates are elucidated. Surface designs for anisotropic wetting morphologies are summarized with respect to the shape and the arrangement of the surface heterogeneity, the droplet volume, the deposition position of the droplet, as well as the mean curvature of the surface heterogeneity. A thermodynamic interpretation for the wetting effect and the corresponding open questions are presented at the end.
Young Exosome Bio‐Nanoparticles Restore Aging‐Impaired Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Function and Reparative Capacity
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Wang Yu , Wu Xiaolan , Li Zixin , Zhu Lisha , Niu Yuting , Zhou Yongsheng , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAging impairs tendon stem/progenitor cell function and tendon homeostasis, however, effective treatments for aging‐induced tendon diseases are lacking. Exosomes are naturally derived nanoparticles that contain bioactive molecules, and therefore, have attracted great interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, it is shown that young exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED‐Exos) possess abundant anti‐aging signals. These young bio‐nanoparticles can alleviate the aging phenotypes of aged tendon stem/progenitor cells (AT‐SCs) and maintain their tenogenic capacity. Mechanistically, SHED‐Exos modulate histone methylation and inhibit nuclear factor‐κB to reverse AT‐SC aging. In a naturally aging mouse model, systemic administration of SHED‐Exo bio‐nanoparticles retards tendon degeneration. Interestingly, local delivery of SHED‐Exos‐loaded microspheres confers anti‐aging phenotypes, including reduced senescent cells and decreased ectopic bone formation, thereby functionally and structurally rescuing endogenous tendon regeneration and repair capacity in aged rats. Overall, SHED‐Exos, as natural bioactive nanoparticles, have promising translational and therapeutic potential for aging‐related diseases.
Multicolor Fluorescent Lead‐MOFs for White‐Light‐Emitting and Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Run , Chen Jun‐Qiang , Li Qiao‐Hong , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe synergistic effect of rigid organic framework and soft lattice makes metal‐organic framework (MOF) luminescent materials more widely used. Herein, 2D lead‐MOFs are reported that produce white light through the coregulation of free excitons and self‐trapped excitons. The synthesized BIF‐142‐Cl shows outstanding white‐light emission with the CIE color coordinates of (0.312, 0.335) close to pure white light, the excellent color rendering index (CRI) of 90.4, and the gentle correlation color temperature (CCT) of 5364 K. Meanwhile, the multicolor emission from blue to white light can be adjusted by changing the excitation wavelength. Furthermore, photophysical studies confirm that the strong electronic phonon coupling in the excited state of lead halide polyhedrons is directly responsible for the generation of self‐trapped excitons. This synthetic strategy of introducing tunable dual emission centers not only offers a prospect for the development of solid‐state lighting materials but also widens the path to the fields of anticounterfeiting, display media, and information identification.