bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Knowledge of Fractions, Ratios, and Proportional Relationships: the Relationship Between Two Theoretically Connected Content Areas
Authors: Ezaki John , Li Jingxian , Copur-Gencturk Yasemin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTeachers’ knowledge of the subject matter is considered an important component of their expertise in teaching mathematics. Yet how teachers’ understanding of one content area is related to other content areas has not been investigated in depth. We explored this question by investigating teachers’ knowledge of two theoretically related areas: (1) fractions and (2) ratios and proportional relationships. We also investigated the extent to which teachers’ educational backgrounds are related to their understanding of these concepts. Based on the results obtained from structural equation modeling and path analysis, we found that teachers’ knowledge of these two concepts is highly interdependent, forming a single construct. Furthermore, holding a credential in teaching mathematics, the route teachers took to enter teaching, and their undergraduate majors were associated with their knowledge of these concepts. This study illustrates the importance of attending to the theoretical relationships among different content areas when assessing teachers’ subject matter knowledge and provides initial evidence that teachers’ subject matter knowledge may be unidimensional for theoretically related domains.
Analysis of the effects of BP-3 and BP-4 on the transcriptome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: An RNA-Seq approach
Authors: Esperanza Marta , Blanes-Rodríguez Manuel , Cid Ángeles , Seoane Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBenzophenones (BPs) are one of the most widely used UV-filters and previous flow cytometric studies have shown that these aquatic emerging pollutants alter the physiology of the freshwater microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtii. In order to obtain a more detailed study of the different cellular metabolic pathways affected, changes caused by BPs in the transcriptome ofC. reinhardtiiwere investigated using RNA-Seq analysis after 24 h of exposure. Each benzophenone at its corresponding 96 h-EC50value for growth provoked alterations in the gene expression of this microalga, although BP-3-exposed cells showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes than cells exposed to BP-4. GO enrichment analyses suggested that both compounds affected the same cellular metabolic pathways. Transcripts encoding for light-harvesting and chlorophyll-binding proteins were highly reduced. In addition, an overexpression of genes related to amino acid catabolism was also detected, suggesting thatC. reinhardtiicells oxidize amino acids to obtain energy when photosynthesis was damaged by the pollutants. Regarding the oxidative damage provoked by the contaminants, genes encoding main antioxidant enzymes and involved in glutathione-associated metabolism were upregulated. Moreover, sulphur metabolism could have some relevance to explain the mechanism of action of BP-4 and its lower toxicity on microalgae, since the sulfonic acid group is the major structural difference between both BPs. Obtained results suggest that photosynthesis was impaired on cells exposed to the UV-filters, leading microalgae to obtain energy via a heterotrophic metabolism to survive. Thus, the occurrence of these sunscreens in freshwater ecosystems could trigger a worrying reduction in global CO2fixation.
Process monitoring and machine learning for defect detection in laser-based metal additive manufacturing
Authors: Herzog T. , Brandt M. , Trinchi A. , Sola A. , Molotnikov A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past several decades, metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) has transitioned from a rapid prototyping method to a viable manufacturing tool. AM technologies can produce parts on-demand, repair damaged components, and provide an increased freedom of design not previously attainable by traditional manufacturing techniques. The increasing maturation of metal AM is attracting high-value industries to directly produce components for use in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and energy fields. Two leading processes for metal part production are Powder Bed Fusion with laser beam (PBF-LB/M) and Directed Energy Deposition with laser beam (DED-LB/M). Despite the many advances made with these technologies, the highly dynamic nature of the process frequently results in the formation of defects. These technologies are also notoriously difficult to control, and the existing machines do not offer closed loop control. In the present work, the application of various Machine Learning (ML) approaches and in-situ monitoring technologies for the purpose of defect detection are reviewed. The potential of these methods for enabling process control implementation is discussed. We provide a critical review of trends in the usage of data structures and ML algorithms and compare the capabilities of different sensing technologies and their application to monitoring tasks in laser metal AM. The future direction of this field is then discussed, and recommendations for further research are provided.
Graphical abstract
Spectroscopic and electrical analysis of p–Si/n-ZnSxSe1−x (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) heterostructures for photodetector applications
Authors: Moger Sahana Nagappa , Mahesha M. G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the properties of the p–Si/ ZnSxSe1−x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) heterojunctions in photodetector applications. The heterostructures were fabricated by depositing ZnSSe on Si wafer using the thermal co-evaporation technique with ZnS and ZnSe powders. The GIXRD study showed that films were in cubic phase, and the prominent peak was shifted with composition x. The maximum crystallite size of the films was found for x = 0.8. The presence of point defects and emission related to higher Zn content in the thin films was confirmed by Photoluminescence. Temperature-dependent Raman analysis reveals that the longitudinal optical phonon modes shift to the lower wavenumber side as temperature decreases, which describes the variation of lattice parameters with temperature. The barrier height and ideality factor were calculated by implementing the thermionic emission. The photoresponse of p–Si/ ZnSxSe1−x heterostructures was studied. The investigation showed that the sample with x = 0.8 exhibits high photosensitivity and is suitable for photodetector applications.
Time-course of heart rate variability after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Frandsen Mikkel Nicklas , Varnum Claus , Foss Nicolai Bang , Mehlsen Jesper , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the autonomic nervous system function and possibly related to postoperative outcome. Despite several HRV studies in different surgical settings, optimal indices and timepoints for measuring have not been adequately determined. Consequently, there is a need for detailed descriptive procedure-specific studies on the time-course of perioperative HRV within a modern fast-track surgical setting. We measured HRV continuously in 24 patients from 4 days before until 9 days after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Statistical methods included mainly ANOVA and t-tests or Kruskal–Wallis and pairwise Wilcoxon test. Patients completed the Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale five times during the study describing autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Standard deviation between normal-to-normal beats and the total power of HRV were reduced for at least 9 days following THA, with a trend towards increased HRV leading up to the day of surgery. The balance between low- and high-frequency power of HRV was reduced in the postoperative evenings. There was increased orthostatic intolerance symptoms on the first postoperative day, with symptoms of pain, fatigue and weakness decreasing after the first postoperative day. Median hospital stay was 1 day. We provide the first detailed description of perioperative time-course of HRV and orthostatic symptoms in fast-track THA, showing reduced HRV after surgery for at least a week, and that HRV changes are sensitive to time of day and timing before and after surgery. These results are helpful in designing future HRV studies in perioperative risk assessment and outcome.
Well-Being and Income Across Space and Time: Evidence from One Million Households
Authors: Smith Michael D. , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the global trends and driving forces of well-being and income. We extend the literature by examining inequality in both variables, since average well-being and income measures can obscure important disparities in people’s lives. We use data from the Gallup World Poll for nine years (2009–2017) and 158 countries (N = 1,437,897). Our analysis proceeds in two steps. First, we present country-level panel evidence. Second, we estimate microeconometric regressions to reveal the individual-level drivers of well-being and income. We find that the mean of well-being and income by development group varies little over time, while inequality in these two variables change significantly. We find no evidence of the Easterlin paradox after controlling for income inequality and show that income growth reduces well-being inequality. Further, drivers of mean and inequality in well-being and income are similar, but policymakers should consider the full distributional impact of investments.
Entropy generation analysis of turbulent flow in conical tubes with dimples: a numerical study
Authors: Kaood Amr , Aboulmagd Ahmed , ElDegwy Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMinimizing the entropy generation rate is one of the key performance indicators for enhancing the thermal design of heat exchangers. This paper introduces a comprehensive numerical entropy generation analysis of turbulent water flow inside—newly proposed—conical tubes with dimples subjected to a constant heat flux. The effect of different tube diameter ratios (DR = 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5) and flow modes (convergent and divergent tube configurations) on the thermal, viscous, and total entropy generation rates is investigated within Reynolds number (Re) range of 3 × 103–40 × 103 using ANSYS-Fluent package. Realizable k-ε (RKE) turbulence model is adopted in this study. A well-validated 3D model was adopted to estimate the dimensionless indices: Bejan number (Be), enhanced entropy generation ratio (Ns,en), and the irreversibility distribution ratio ($${\phi }_{\mathrm{s}}$$

ϕ
s

) to characterize the entropy generation performance and to compare conical dimpled tubes to smooth ones. The results showed that total entropy production rate values for dimpled tube geometries are lower than those for the corresponding smooth ones, especially for convergent dimpled tubes. Convergent dimpled tubes with DR in the range of 1.5–3 achieved the lowest total entropy production values over the whole Re range, with an average value of 0.20 W K−1, as compared to an average value of 0.34 W K−1 for the smooth configurations. The average Ns,en values for dimpled convergent tubes with DR = 1.5–3 are 0.46 and 0.80 at Re = 3000 and 40,000, with reductions of 50.54% and 3.61% at both Re values, respectively. The study also showed that the entropy generation analysis could provide an effective tool to highlight the optimal design of tube heat exchangers based on the minimum entropy generation and the enhanced entropy generation ratio.
On the size of a linear combination of two linear recurrence sequences over function fields
Authors: Heintze Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet $$ G_n $$

G
n

and $$ H_m $$

H
m

be two non-degenerate linear recurrence sequences defined over a function field F in one variable over $$ \mathbb {C}$$
C
, and let $$ \mu $$
μ
be a valuation on F. We prove that under suitable conditions there are effectively computable constants $$ c_1 $$

c
1

and $$ C' $$

C
′

such that the bound $$\begin{aligned} \mu (G_n - H_m) \le \mu (G_n) + C' \end{aligned}$$

μ

(

G
n

-

H
m

)

≤
μ

(

G
n

)

+

C
′

holds for $$ \max \left( n,m \right) > c_1 $$

max

n
,
m

>

c
1

.
What reviews foretell about opening weekend box office revenue: the harbinger of failure effect in the movie industry
Authors: Loupos Pantelis , Peng Yvette , Li Sute , Hao Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe empirically investigate the harbinger of failure phenomenon in the motion picture industry by analyzing the pre-release reviews written on movies by film critics. We find that harbingers of failure do exist. Their positive (negative) pre-release movie reviews provide a strong predictive signal that the movie will turn out to be a flop (success). This signal persists even for the top critic category, which usually consists of professional critics, indicating that having expertise in a professional domain does not necessarily lead to correct predictions. Our findings challenge the current belief that positive reviews always help enhance box office revenue and shed new light on the influencer-predictor hypothesis. We further analyze the writing style of harbingers and provide new insights into their personality traits and cognitive biases.
Sectoral integration on an emerging stock market: a multi-scale approach
Authors: Nyakurukwa Kingstone , Seetharam Yudhvir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the connectedness of industry sectors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in a time–frequency domain. We use econophysics-based methods like the wavelet multiple correlation and wavelet scalogram difference to identify the evolution of the connectedness of the sectors over time and at different frequencies. The findings show that the sectors on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange are especially integrated at lower frequencies. Wavelet multiple correlation peaks in response to local and global shocks like the black-swan COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and the downgrading of South African debt by Fitch in 2013. Though there are opportunities for sectoral diversification on the JSE, this fails when it is most needed, during crisis periods. Investors should therefore consider other asset classes that could serve as a haven in times of crisis. Though extant literature has examined sectoral dependencies on the stock markets of developed and developing countries, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine this connectedness in a South African context using multiple nonparametric methods that are robust to non-normality, presence of outliers as well as non-stationary data.
An Overview of Angiogenesis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Elayat Ghada , Punev Ivan , Selim Abdel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose of the Review
Angiogenesis plays a key role in bladder cancer (BC) pathogenesis. In the last two decades, an increasing number of publications depicting a multitude of novel angiogenic molecules and pathways have emerged. The growing complexity necessitates an evaluation of the breadth of current knowledge to highlight key findings and guide future research.

Recent Findings
Angiogenesis is a dynamic biologic process that is inherently difficult to assess. Clinical assessment of angiogenesis in BCs is advancing with the integration of image analysis systems and dynamic contrast-enhanced and magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the angiogenic process, and further research is needed to assess their potential as therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing list of non-coding RNAs affect angiogenesis in BCs, partly through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Vascular mimicry (VM) has been repeatedly associated with increased tumour aggressiveness in BCs. Standardised assays are needed for appropriate identification and quantification of VM channels.

Summary
This article demonstrates the dynamic and complex nature of the angiogenic process and asserts the need for further studies to deepen our understanding.
“The many faces of sorrow”: An empirical exploration of the psychological plurality of sadness
Authors: Tsikandilakis Myron , Bali Persefoni , Yu Zhaoliang , Karlis Alexandros-Konstantinos , Tong Eddie Mun Wai , Milbank Alison , Mevel Pierre-Alexis , Derrfuss Jan , Madan Christopher 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Sadness has typically been associated with failure, defeat and loss, but it has also been suggested that sadness facilitates positive and restructuring emotional changes. This suggests that sadness is a multi-faceted emotion. This supports the idea that there might in fact be different facets of sadness that can be distinguished psychologically and physiologically. In the current set of studies, we explored this hypothesis. In a first stage, participants were asked to select sad emotional faces and scene stimuli either characterized or not by a key suggested sadness-related characteristic: loneliness or melancholy or misery or bereavement or despair. In a second stage, another set of participants was presented with the selected emotional faces and scene stimuli. They were assessed for differences in emotional, physiological and facial-expressive responses. The results showed that sad faces involving melancholy, misery, bereavement and despair were experienced as conferring dissociable physiological characteristics. Critical findings, in a final exploratory design, in a third stage, showed that a new set of participants could match emotional scenes to emotional faces with the same sadness-related characteristic with close to perfect precision performance. These findings suggest that melancholy, misery, bereavement and despair can be distinguishable emotional states associated with sadness.
Reverse Genetiksysteme zur Erforschung von Ebola-Viren
Authors: Hoenen Thomas , Groseth Allison 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEbolaviruses are among the deadliest viruses known, and work with infectious virus is restricted to laboratories of the highest biosafety level (i. e. BSL4). To facilitate research on ebolaviruses, also for researchers without access to BSL4 laboratories, reverse genetics-based life cycle modelling systems have been developed. Here, we describe how these system work, provide examples of their applications, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Durchfallerreger und die Homöostase der Mikrobiota
Authors: Winter Sebastian E. , Faber Franziska , Bäumler Andreas J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChanges in the gut microbiota composition are linked to many human diseases but cataloging bacterial species names did not provide the desired insights into how the host balances its microbial communities. Recent research shows that virulence factors of enteric pathogens weaken host functions that regulate microbial growth in the gut lumen. A weakening of these host functions explains dysbiosis during non-communicable diseases, which in turn reveals how the host maintains gut homeostasis.
Pathogene Corynebakterien: erfolgreiche Kolonisierer von Mensch und Tier
Authors: Ott Lisa , Burkovski Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe interaction of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and closely related species with host cells is much more complex than originally thought when these bacteria were considered as extracellular pathogens. Host-pathogen interaction studies revealed a wide range of virulence factors contributing to adhesion, invasion, and host cell damage to varying degrees. In combination, these factors lead to the successful colonization of host systems.
Kommunizieren statt Vergiften — neue Strategien für den Pflanzenschutz
Authors: Nick Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgriculture needs plant protection. However, the classic approach, using compounds that are less toxic to the crop plant, but damage fungal pathogens or weedy competitors is progressively reaching a deadend. We propose a paradigm shift by considering agrobiology from the viewpoint of communication theory. Interactions between different life forms are steered by a complex and specific chemical communication. For this purpose, we present some strategies with examples in this article.
GLP-1-Mimetika — wegweisend zur Behandlung von Diabetes und Adipositas
Authors: Stemmer Kerstin , Müller Timo D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMost obese patients would benefit from 5–10 % of weight loss but fail when using non-surgical approaches. The recent development of two anti-obesity drugs may change that therapeutic gap. Patients receiving long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonist semaglutide achieve weight loss above 10 %. With tirzepatide, a co-agonist for GLP-1 and the gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptor, more than 50 % of the patients even lose above 20 %, which rivals the efficacy of surgical interventions.
Wirkstoffe an der Schnittstelle zwischen Autophagie und Cytoskelettdynamik
Authors: Stradal Theresia E. B. , Kirchenwitz Marco , Steffen Anika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cytoskeleton is a primarily dynamic network of protein filaments, such as actin filaments and microtubules, which reach throughout the cell’s interior. All motile processes of the cell depend on the finely tuned turnover of the cytoskeleton. Interference consequently leads to failure of e.g. migration, cytokinesis, or autophagy. We here discuss compounds that specifically affect aspects of actin assembly, microtubule stability and autophagy by targeting the central signaling axis on which they converge.
Callose synthase and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene expression over time in Citrus × clementina and Citrus × sinensis infected with citrus tristeza virus
Authors: da Silva Melina , Germano Sandra , Duarte Amílcar , Pinto Patrícia , Marques Natália Tomás 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a virus that already caused great losses in citrus producing regions. The cell wall of plant cells plays an important role in the defence response to viruses. Following several studies indicating that cell wall enzyme transcripts of callose synthase 7 (calS7) and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase 9 (xth9) are modified during a viral infection, transcript expression of calS7 isoform x5 (calS7x5) and xth9 was evaluated over time in Citrus × sinensis ‘Valencia Late’ (VL) and Citrus × clementina ‘Fina’ (CL), infected with the severe CTV isolate T318A, by quantitative (q) PCR. qPCR analysis of healthy and CTV infected citrus was performed at 15 days, 10 months and at 31 months post-inoculation (dpi/mpi), respectively. The CTV titer, evaluated at the three time-points by qPCR, increased over time in bark tissues, with VL plants exhibiting a titer about 5 times higher than CL 31 mpi. CTV infection did not cause significant changes in calS7x5 gene expression over time in both citrus cultivars. However, CTV infection was associated with significant up-regulation of xth9 in VL compared to controls 31 mpi. This study highlights that CTV infection can affect the expression of specific cell wall-associated genes over time and that this influence was distinct for VL and CL. This study provides further insight into the CTV-citrus host interaction, with the long-term response of VL to a severe CTV isolate involving a high expression of the xth9 gene.