bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the patient speaking or the nurse? Automatic speaker type identification in patient–nurse audio recordings
Authors: Zolnoori Maryam , Vergez Sasha , Sridharan Sridevi , Zolnour Ali , Bowles Kathryn , Kostic Zoran , Topaz Maxim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPatient–clinician communication provides valuable explicit and implicit information that may indicate adverse medical conditions and outcomes. However, practical and analytical approaches for audio-recording and analyzing this data stream remain underexplored. This study aimed to 1) analyze patients’ and nurses’ speech in audio-recorded verbal communication, and 2) develop machine learning (ML) classifiers to effectively differentiate between patient and nurse language.Materials and MethodsPilot studies were conducted at VNS Health, the largest not-for-profit home healthcare agency in the United States, to optimize audio-recording patient–nurse interactions. We recorded and transcribed 46 interactions, resulting in 3494 “utterances” that were annotated to identify the speaker. We employed natural language processing techniques to generate linguistic features and built various ML classifiers to distinguish between patient and nurse language at both individual and encounter levels.ResultsA support vector machine classifier trained on selected linguistic features from term frequency-inverse document frequency, Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, Word2Vec, and Medical Concepts in the Unified Medical Language System achieved the highest performance with an AUC-ROC = 99.01 ± 1.97 and an F1-score = 96.82 ± 4.1. The analysis revealed patients’ tendency to use informal language and keywords related to “religion,” “home,” and “money,” while nurses utilized more complex sentences focusing on health-related matters and medical issues and were more likely to ask questions.ConclusionThe methods and analytical approach we developed to differentiate patient and nurse language is an important precursor for downstream tasks that aim to analyze patient speech to identify patients at risk of disease and negative health outcomes.
Characterization and fitness cost of bifenthrin resistance in Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Liu Lang , Wang Suji , Zuo Junfeng , Zhang Xiaohe , Peng Xiong , Wang Kang , Chen Maohua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rhopalosiphum padi is an important global wheat pest. The pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin is widely used in the control R. padi. We explored the resistance potential, cross-resistance, adaptive costs, and resistance mechanism of R. padi to bifenthrin using a bifenthrin-resistant strain (Rp-BIF) established in laboratory. The Rp-BIF strain developed extremely high resistance against bifenthrin (1033.036-fold). Cross-resistance analyses showed that the Rp-BIF strain had an extremely high level of cross-resistance to deltamethrin (974.483-fold), moderate levels of cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr (34.051-fold), isoprocarb (27.415-fold), imidacloprid (14.819-fold), and thiamethoxam (11.228-fold), whereas negative cross-resistance was observed to chlorpyrifos (0.379-fold). The enzymatic activity results suggested that P450 played an important role in bifenthrin resistance. A super-kdr mutation (M918L) of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) was found in the bifenthrin-resistant individuals. When compared with the susceptible strain (Rp-SS), the Rp-BIF strain was significantly inferior in multiple life table parameters, exhibiting a relative fitness of 0.69. Our toxicological and biochemical studies indicated that multiple mechanisms of resistance might be involved in the resistance trait. Our results provide insight into the bifenthrin resistance of R. padi and can contribute to improve management of bifenthrin-resistant R. padi in the field.
Making it Work: Closing the Inclusion Gap for Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Crises
Authors: Funke Carolin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Disability inclusion has been firmly established as a human rights issue in humanitarian action. Numerous stakeholders have entered into commitments and designed policies to make their services inclusive and accessible for persons with disabilities. In practice, however, persons with disabilities are still excluded from participating in humanitarian action and cannot access the services they need. Drawing on evidence from the Rohingya refugee response in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and the civil war in South Sudan, this policy and practice note shows that humanitarians often lack the knowledge and confidence to make their services inclusive for persons with different types of impairments. To anchor disability inclusion in all programmes and operations, it should be treated as a strategic issue. It requires sustainable and reliable funding, capacity development at the individual, organizational and strategic level of the humanitarian response, better coordination, robust and reliable data collection based on quantitative and qualitative assessments, and meaningful participation with organizations of persons with disabilities that represent the diversity of persons with disabilities.
Reasons patients cite to their health-care professional for not initiating or completing human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Chido-Amajuoyi Onyema Greg , Osaghae Ikponmwosa , Shete Sanjay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is critical to the prevention of HPV-associated cancers. This study aimed to describe the reasons patients cited for not initiating or completing the HPV vaccination series, as reported by health-care professionals.

Methods
Study data were obtained from a University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center population-based cross-sectional survey of health-care professionals practicing in Texas. Prevalence estimates of reasons cited for not initiating or completing HPV vaccination were estimated by patient population (parents of children and adult patients).

Results
The study included 973 primary care clinicians, of whom 45.53% were physicians and 54.47% were midlevel care professionals. For parents who did not initiate HPV vaccination for their child, the most commonly cited reasons were the belief that the vaccine was not needed (52.54%, 95% CI = 48.90% to 56.15%), that the child was not sexually active (52.54%, 95% CI = 48.90% to 56.15%), and safety concerns/side effects (47.05%, 95% CI = 43.44% to 50.69%). Among age-eligible adults who did not initiate HPV vaccination, lack of knowledge and awareness was the most commonly cited reason (30.52%, 95% CI = 27.71% to 33.50%). For noncompletion of the HPV vaccine series, parents most commonly cited competing priorities (41.29%, 95% CI = 37.76% to 44.91%), followed by adverse reactions after the first dose (16.05%, 95% CI = 13.56% to 18.90%). Similarly, for noncompletion of the HPV vaccine series among adults, competing priorities was the most cited reason (31.04%, 95% CI = 28.20% to 34.02%).

Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of addressing misconceptions and improving education about HPV vaccination to increase vaccination uptake rates and prevent HPV-related cancers.
A coupled finite element scheme to study the grinding force and warpage of silicon wafers during the backside grinding process
Authors: Wu Mei-Ling , Wong Wei-Jhih , Lan Jia-Shen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, a finite element model is developed to analyse the grinding force and warpage of silicon wafers during the backside grinding process. Due to the decreasing size of consumer electronic devices, such as smartphones, notebooks and portable electronics, it is necessary to address the issues pertaining to grinding silicon wafers. The backside grinding process is a mature technology that is widely used for silicon wafers. However, for ultrathin silicon wafers, warpage is a critical issue. Wafer warpage is induced by the residual stress and surface damage that arises during the backside grinding process. To analyse the grinding stress on silicon wafers during the backside grinding process, a finite element model is established by setting dynamic loads and contact conditions. An explicit dynamic model is used to simulate the relationship between the grinding wheel and the silicon wafer. A static model is incorporated with the explicit dynamic model to predict wafer warpage. The simulation results for the residual stress are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results indicate that the wheel rotational speed, wafer rotational speed and feed rate effectively control wafer warpage. Hence, the warpage of ultrathin silicon wafers can be decreased by adjusting the manufacturing process parameters. Furthermore, the developed simulation model can also be used to analyse warpage in fan-out wafers during the backside grinding process.
Instant Volume Microscopy of Organoids with SOLIS
Authors: Ströhl Florian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Advancements in microscopy techniques have revolutionized our ability to explore the intricacies of biological systems, with engineered human heart tissue (EHT) being a particularly challenging target. In this article, we will provide an in-depth look at the award-winning SOLIS technique (scanned oblique light-sheet instant-volume sectioning), a new twist on multifocus fluorescence microscopy. Through its unique capabilities, SOLIS offers a new approach to organoid and tissue imaging, providing unprecedented insights into the cellular architecture of these complex artificial samples. By being able to record optically sectioned volumes during single-camera exposures, SOLIS demonstrates remarkable advantages over traditional multifocus microscopy, underscoring its potential to transform our understanding of developmental biology, disease mechanisms, and potential therapeutic interventions.
Ultra diffuse galaxies in the Hydra I cluster from the LEWISProject: Phase-Space distribution and globular cluster richness
Authors: Forbes Duncan A , Gannon Jonah , Iodice Enrichetta , Hilker Michael , Doll Goran , Buttitta Chiara , Marca Antonio La , Arnaboldi Magda , Cantiello Michele , D’Ago G , Falcon Barroso Jesus , Greggio Laura , Gullieuszik Marco , Hartke Johanna , Mieske Steffen , Mirabile Marco , Rampazzo Roberto , Rejkuba Marina , Spavone Marilena , Spiniello Chiara , Capasso Giulio 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Although ultra diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are found in large numbers in clusters of galaxies, the role of the cluster environment in shaping their low surface brightness and large sizes is still uncertain. Here, we examine a sample of UDGs in the Hydra I cluster (D = 51 Mpc) with new radial velocities obtained as part of the LEWIS (Looking into the faintest with MUSE) project using VLT/MUSE data. Using a phase-space, or infall diagnostic, diagram we compare the UDGs to other known galaxies in the Hydra I cluster and to UDGs in other clusters. The UDGs, along with the bulk of regular Hydra I galaxies, have low relative velocities and are located near the cluster core, and thus consistent with very early infall into the cluster. Combining with literature data, we do not find the expected trend of GC-rich UDGs associated with earlier infall times. This result suggests that quenching mechanisms other than cluster infall should be further considered, e.g. quenching by strong feedback or in cosmic sheets and filaments. Tidal stripping of GCs in the cluster environment also warrants further modelling.
The evolution of strictly monofunctional naphthoquinol C-methyltransferases is vital in cyanobacteria and plastids
Authors: Stutts Lauren , Latimer Scott , Batyrshina Zhaniya , Dickinson Gabriella , Alborn Hans , Block Anna K , Basset Gilles J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Prenylated quinones are membrane-associated metabolites that serve as vital electron carriers for respiration and photosynthesis. The UbiE (EC 2.1.1.201)/MenG (EC 2.1.1.163) C-methyltransferases catalyze pivotal ring methylations in the biosynthetic pathways of many of these quinones. In a puzzling evolutionary pattern, prokaryotic and eukaryotic UbiE/MenG homologs segregate into 2 clades. Clade 1 members occur universally in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, excluding cyanobacteria, and include mitochondrial COQ5 enzymes required for ubiquinone biosynthesis; Clade 2 members are specific to cyanobacteria and plastids. Functional complementation of an Escherichia coli ubiE/menG mutant indicated that Clade 1 members display activity with both demethylbenzoquinols and demethylnaphthoquinols, independently of the quinone profile of their original taxa, while Clade 2 members have evolved strict substrate specificity for demethylnaphthoquinols. Expression of the gene-encoding bifunctional Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) COQ5 in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis or its retargeting to Arabidopsis plastids resulted in synthesis of a methylated variant of plastoquinone-9 that does not occur in nature. Accumulation of methylplastoquinone-9 was acutely cytotoxic, leading to the emergence of suppressor mutations in Synechocystis and seedling lethality in Arabidopsis. These data demonstrate that in cyanobacteria and plastids, co-occurrence of phylloquinone and plastoquinone-9 has driven the evolution of monofunctional demethylnaphthoquinol methyltransferases and explains why plants cannot capture the intrinsic bifunctionality of UbiE/MenG to simultaneously synthesize their respiratory and photosynthetic quinones.
Resolving the Delusion Paradox
Authors: Petrovic Predrag , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The neurocomputational framework of predictive processing (PP) provides a promising approach to explaining delusions, a key symptom of psychotic disorders. According to PP, the brain makes inferences about the world by weighing prior beliefs against the available sensory data. Mismatches between prior beliefs and sensory data result in prediction errors that may update the brain’s model of the world. Psychosis has been associated with reduced weighting of priors relative to the sensory data. However, delusional beliefs are highly resistant to change, suggesting increased rather than decreased weighting of priors. We propose that this “delusion paradox” can be resolved within a hierarchical PP model: Reduced weighting of prior beliefs at low hierarchical levels may be compensated by an increased influence of higher-order beliefs represented at high hierarchical levels, including delusional beliefs. This may sculpt perceptual processing into conformity with delusions and foster their resistance to contradictory evidence.

Study Design
We review several lines of experimental evidence on low- and high-level processes, and their neurocognitive underpinnings in delusion-related phenotypes and link them to predicted processing.

Study Results
The reviewed evidence supports the notion of decreased weighting of low-level priors and increased weighting of high-level priors, in both delusional and delusion-prone individuals. Moreover, we highlight the role of prefrontal cortex as a neural basis for the increased weighting of high-level prior beliefs and discuss possible clinical implications of the proposed hierarchical predictive-processing model.

Conclusions
Our review suggests the delusion paradox can be resolved within a hierarchical PP model.
Use of NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix in the Management of Complex Scalp Defects
Authors: Shariatmadari Isla , Kiely John , Kelemen Noemi 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Dermal substitutes have emerged as a potential option in complex wound management. PolyNovo NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix has shown promise in managing partial and full-thickness wounds. We discuss here the successful use of this product in the management of a scalp defect complicated by exposed bone, following wide local excision of a desmoplastic melanoma of the scalp.
Surgical Technique Preserving the Interdigital Web for Polydactyly of the Foot
Authors: Yoshida Eriko , Hirota Yuka , Kino Hiromi , Fujiwara Kurumi , Ishimoto Yuki , Ueda Koichi 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
We devised a new method to transfer the web as a local flap in polydactyly. Our technique aims to preserve the web space, which is indicated for polydactyly to remove the interposed toe at the metatarsal bone level. The interdigital web flap is created on one lateral side of the toe to be removed. The extra toe and metatarsal bone are removed after elevating the flap. The flap is then sutured onto the side of the remaining toe.
Functional Flow-through Vascularized Lymph Node Flap with Two End-to-Side Arterial Anastomoses: A Technical Report
Authors: Mella-Catinchi Juan , Finkelstein Emily R. , Xu Kyle Y. 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) is a reliable treatment for patients with chronic lymphedema. Capillary networks in VLNT are less robust than those in traditional free tissue transfers, possibly contributing to venous congestion when a single arterial and venous anastomosis is performed. This technical report describes a novel operative technique and associated advantages to a functional flow-through VLNT with two end-to-side arterial anastomoses. Six consecutive patients with upper or lower extremity lymphedema received buried supraclavicular or submental VLNT with two end-to-side arterial anastomoses and at least one venous anastomosis. Recipient arteries in the anastomoses were the brachial artery for patients with upper extremity lymphedema (n = 4), and the posterior tibial vasculature in patients with lower extremity lymphedema (n = 2). Five patients simultaneously underwent lymphovenous bypass. Mean patient follow-up was 14 months. Average preoperative Lymphedema Life Impact Score and L-DEX (bioimpedance spectroscopy measurement) were 25 points and 31.4 units, with a mean greatest decrease of 20 points and 9.4 units postoperatively (n = 5). The loop configuration created by flow-through VLNT with two end-to-side arterial anastomoses may reduce pressure gradients within the flap by limiting arterial inflow and thus, mitigate the risk of venous hypertension. Additional benefits of this approach include elimination of mismatch caliber discrepancies often appreciated in end-to-end arterial anastomosis between the lymph node flap and the recipient artery, and preservation of the recipient artery anatomy.
“I felt uncertain about my whole future”—a qualitative investigation of people's experiences of navigating uncertainty when seeking care for their low back pain
Authors: Costa Nathalia , Butler Prudence , Dillon Miriam , Mescouto Karime , Olson Rebecca , Forbes Roma , Setchell Jenny 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Uncertainty pervades low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to explore individuals' experiences of navigating uncertainty when seeking care for their LBP, with a view to better understanding the contexts in which they experience uncertainty and gaining insight into how uncertainty may be better navigated during clinical encounters. We conducted 15 semistructured interviews with people who have experienced LBP. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis produced 4 themes. To reflect the unsettled nature of participants' discussions of navigating uncertainty, themes are framed as questions: (1) What will happen over time?; (2) Can clinicians help me? Are they willing to?; (3) What are clinicians talking about?; and (4) Am I being taken seriously? Participants also discussed how clinicians could better navigate these uncertainties. Suggestions included making time to (actively) listen to, and acknowledge, patients' concerns; asking open-ended questions; being honest about uncertainty; creating management plans and returning to them; challenging assumptions; remaining curious about patients' context; and providing guidance on how to manage LBP rather than simply giving certainty that symptoms will worsen, lessen, or continue. These findings indicate that many of the uncertainties individuals with LBP experience are intertwined with relational aspects of their interactions with clinicians. Clinicians therefore may need to consider these broader and relational aspects of care when navigating uncertainty with people who experience LBP, bringing attention to the importance of drawing from knowledge produced outside of the usual hierarchy of evidence (eg, systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials).
Mechanisms of main components in Curcuma longa L. on hepatic fibrosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: A review
Authors: Han Qiang , Zhu Jiahui , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2023

Background:Hepatic fibrosis is a great concern in public health. While effective drugs for its treatment are lacking,Curcuma longa L.(CL) has been reported as a promising therapeutic. We aimed to uncover the core components and mechanisms of CL against hepatic fibrosis via a network pharmacology approach.Methods:The main components of CL were obtained and screened. While targets of components and disease were respectively collected using SwissTargetPrediction and online databases, common targets were assessed. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and core targets were identified. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and molecular docking was conducted to validate the binding of core components in CL on predicted core targets.Results:Nine main components from CL based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 63 anti-fibrosis targets were identified, and a PPI network and a component target-disease target network were constructed. Apigenin, quercetin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin are likely to become key phenolic-based components and curcuminoids for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the HIF-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066) was most significantly enriched. Considering core targets of the PPI network and a network of the common targets and pathways enriched, AKT1, MAPK1, EGFR, MTOR, and SRC may be the core potential targets of CL against hepatic fibrosis. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the binding of above core components to core targets.Conclusions:The therapeutic effect of CL on hepatic fibrosis may be attributed to multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways.