bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive surgeries for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Talaat Wael M. , Hamdoon Zaid , Ghoneim Mohamed M. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Patients refractory to conservative treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are candidates for more invasive treatments such as arthroscopy and arthrocentesis. The aim of the present study was to identify the predictors of long-term success and the persistence of treatment outcome for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopic lysis and lavage and arthrocentesis for the treatment of TMD.

Methods:
An analysis of 64 minimally invasive surgeries used to treat disk displacement without reduction in group I (n = 36), and osteoarthritis in group II (n = 28) was conducted. Success was identified as a pain score ≤ 3, disability score ≤ 2, and maximal mouth opening greater than 35 mm.

Results:
The overall success rate was 85.9%. The difference in success rate between groups was not significant (P = 0.441). Preoperative predictors of success in group I were fewer tender muscles (P < 0.01), shorter duration of symptoms (P = 0.046), lower pain (P < 0.01), and lower disability (P = 0.0104), whereas in group II there were fewer tender muscles (P < 0.01), less limitation in opening (P < 0.01), and lower disability (P = 0.0131).

Conclusion:
Arthroscopy and arthrocentesis were equally efficient after 5 years. Fewer tender muscles and lower disability preoperatively were common predictors of success. Pain recorded at 1 year, and maximum opening and disability recorded at 3 months were maintained after 5 years.
Correlation among cognitive functions, mood disturbance, and health-related quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mohammad Noor , Naaz Neha , Khan Nahid 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The purpose of this study was to find the possible correlation among cognitive functions, mood disturbance, and health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
This study was a preliminary cross-sectional survey study carried out on 40 participants diagnosed with T2DM for more than 2 years. The age group ranged between 35 and 55 years. Demographic data were recorded. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, mood disturbance was assessed using the profile of mood states questionnaire and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Euroqol-5d-5l questionnaire.

Results:
There was a significant negative correlation between cognitive functions and mood disturbance (r = −0.45, P < 0.05), no correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = 0.29, P = 0.06), significant weak positive correlation between cognitive functions and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = 0.37, P < 0.05). Significant strong negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (examiner scoring) (r = −0.66, P < 0.001), significant negative correlation between mood disturbance and health-related quality of life (participant self-score) (r = −0.62, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Cognitive functions and mood disturbances are important factors that may adversely affect health-related quality of life in people with T2DM. More attention should be given to cognitive function and mood disturbance in people with T2DM to minimize the negative impact of the illness on their health-related quality of life.
Assessment of Dental Fluorosis and Dental Caries Among 8–16-year-old Schoolchildren in Kanpur Rural Region, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Sachdev Rohan , Garg Kriti , Shwetam Samiksha , Srivastava Aaryan Raj 
Published: August 2023

Context:
Dental caries remains a major public health problem, affecting 60-90% of school children. The assessment of dental caries and fluorosis in endemic fluoride areas will facilitate in assessing the relation between fluoride concentrations in water with dental caries, dental fluorosis simultaneously.

Aims:
The aim of the following study is to assess the dental caries and dental fluorosis prevalence among 8–16-year-old school children in Kanpur rural region, Uttar Pradesh.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
School children, residing in the village since childhood, in the age group of 8–16 years were selected from government schools. School children were categorized in five age groups and were examined for oral examination of available 8–16-year-old children fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was carried out to assess dental caries and fluorosis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The influence of demographic characteristics on caries and fluorosis was tested using Chi square test, independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA wherever applicable. Spearman rank correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between decayed teeth and dental fluorosis.

Results:
The caries prevalence was found to be 84.7%. Out of 1565 school children, 53.4% were males and 46.5% were females. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 87.5%. The fluorosis prevalence increased with increasing fluoride concentration with no difference in gender and age distribution.

Conclusions:
Children and teenagers are the most typically damaged by dental caries and fluorosis, it is necessary for the management of the prevalence of caries and fluorosis.
New Gepants Against Acute Migraine
Authors: Gupta Dhyuti , Dhaneria Suryaprakash , Singh Alok 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Recently two calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (ubrogepant and rimegepant) were approved for the acute attack of migraine. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed, so as to evaluate and comprehend the effectiveness of both ubrogepant and rimegepant in alleviating the acute attack of migraine.

Materials and Methods:
An in-depth search was performed through Cochrane library, Pub Med, and clincialtrials.gov, for the period 2015–2019, using the key words: ubrogepant; rimegepant; and acute migraine. The randomized double-blind phase III clinical trials that explored the efficacy of these drugs were considered for inclusion in this review. The outcomes for this review were considered as the proportion of patients who had to resort to rescue medication within 24 h of taking either of the gepant, and the proportion of patients who had achieved sustained pain freedom and relief. In addition, an indirect meta-analysis was also conducted to establish the comparative effectiveness of these drugs. In addition, risk of bias and heterogeneity among the trials were also assessed to ascertain the strength of the trials.

Results:
A total of five placebo-controlled RCTs were included in this review. Altogether, both drugs demonstrated well in the parameters assessed. Rimegepant was better than ubrogepant, as a lesser proportion of patients used rescue medication by 3.4%, and a significantly higher number of patients achieved sustained pain freedom by 2.1% at 2–24 h. In sustained pain relief at 2–24 h, rimegepant was slightly better than ubrogepant by 0.5%. Hence, rimegepant 75 mg emerged to be better in all outcomes.

Conclusions:
Both gepants proved to be efficacious in alleviating the acute attack of migraine. Rimegepant displayed superiority over the ubrgepant.
Metabolic Acidosis and Cardiovascular Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Uduagbamen Peter Kehinde 
Published: August 2023

Metabolic acidosis (MA) is a very common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in cardiovascular disease due to the close relationship between the two organ systems. It depresses the myocardium; induces CKD; depresses urine acidification, bone mineral disease (CKD-BMD); and its presence reduces the quality of life, as well as increases cardiovascular events and mortality. The diagnostic strategies, patient assessment, treatment, prognostication, and possible patient referral entail good clinical acumen to prevent or limit complications, some of which can be fatal. Chronic metabolic acidosis in CKD is often associated with structural cardiac changes such as increased left ventricular mass and significant intradialysis blood pressure variations.
The use of sevelamer, and the inhibitors of aldosterone in these patients could worsen MA; however, bicarbonate in the lower, upper normal, and elevated levels and its replacement could all be associated with various structural and functional cardiovascular changes.
Rhinogenic Contact Point Headache in Pediatric Age
Authors: Swain Santosh K. , Sahu Ansuman 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Headache is a common clinical entity seen among pediatric patients in routine clinical practice. The pressure of two opposing mucosa in the nasal cavity even in the absence of inflammation can be a cause of headache, which is called a rhinogenic contact point headache. Anatomical variations of the nose such as rhinogenic contact point headache may result in headache due to the contact of the nasal mucosa which often missed during the evaluation of the pediatric patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess the rhinogenic contact point headache in the pediatric age group.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study and 112 children with rhinogenic contact point headache enrolled in this study. This study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital during September 2018–October 2021. The anatomical variations of the nose were evaluated with help of diagnostic nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scan. These anatomical variations in rhinogenic contact point headache were treated surgically.

Results:
Out of 112 children with rhinogenic contact point headache, 31 (27.67%) had deviated nasal septum, 28 (25%) had septal spur, 20 (17.85%) middle turbinate concha bullosa, 11 (9.82%) enlarged ethmoidal bullosa, 11 (9.82%) had hypertrophied inferior turbinate, 7 (6.25%) had hypertrophied super turbinate, and 4 (3.57%) had nasal septal bullosa. Treatment of each child with rhinogenic contact point was personalized for every patient.

Conclusion:
Headache is a common clinical symptom and is nearly universal in the life of a child. The contact between opposing mucosa in the nasal cavity in the absence of inflammation can result in headache and/or facial pain in the pediatric age group. Endoscopic excision of the contact points of nasal cavity is effective for the treatment of rhinogenic contact point headaches.
“Booster Vaccine” to Mitigate the Threat of “Emerging COVID-19 Variants”
Authors: Pandian Mahalakshmi , Veepanattu Pranav , Moni Merlin , Sathyapalan Dipu Thareparambil 
Published: August 2023

Vaccination is the time-tested strategy in controlling the infectious diseases. The global scientific community has agreed upon the role of mass vaccination, as a strategy in abating the ongoing COVID pandemic. By immunizing the at-risk population vaccination aims not only to break the chain of spread of disease but also reduces the severity of the disease, hospitalization, and mortality. In the wake of waning immunity and emerging variants, spreading the world over its time to review the evidence of a third dose as a booster.
When deciding on the booster dose, availability of the vaccine, type of vaccine, circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, and emerging variants have to be taken into consideration. Booster dose as the name suggests boosts the waning immunity of the population and when implemented as a public health measure has the potential to increase the antibody level of the population beyond a threshold, thereby mitigating the spread of COVID infection. Cross-protection is likely to the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants by virtue of the enhanced immune response. However, to develop robust recommendations, investigations on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of booster doses vaccines are needed in the context of rapidly spreading variant, the omicron.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Subsequent Lockdown on Blood Transfusion Service in a Tertiary Healthcare Institute of South India – A Learning Experience
Authors: Tripathi Parmatma Prasad , Kumawat Vijay , Patidar Gopal Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people all over the world and poses challenges to health-care services. Lockdown was first response strategy implemented by governments including India to prevent spread of coronavirus 2. The lockdown and anxiety among public had severely affected transfusion services. This paper analyses the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on blood transfusion services.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the transfusion services for 5 months was carried out. The data regarding blood collections, blood donation camps, blood issued, and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) performed were collected and analyzed during 3 phases of the study period, i.e., phase 1 (pre-lockdown, 84 days), phase 2 (complete lockdown, 40 days), and phase 3 (partial lockdown, 28 days), and compared.

Results:
A significant drop (P = 0.010) was observed in blood donation from phase 1 to phase 2 but slight nonsignificant improvement was found from phase 2 to phase 3. The issue of blood was significantly reduced from phase 1 to phase 2 (P < 0.0001) and improved from phase 2 to phase 3 (P < 0.0049). There was a significant reduction (P < 0.00001 and 0.002) in patients referred for TPE during two phases of LD.

Conclusion:
There is significant decrease in blood supply and utilization due to pandemic and lockdown. An emergency blood management plan is required which can include donor education focusing to alleviate donor hesitation, relaxation to donor selection criteria, blood drive planning with inventory management and ensuring staff and product safety.
Crossmatch Incompatibility, Indwelling Experience from a Single Center, Bangladesh
Authors: Miah Sonia Shormin , Doha Mostofa Ahmed , Islam Ashadul , Quader Md Abdul 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Crossmatch incompatibility among the blood donor and recipient is common. The cause for which may vary in patients despite rational transfusion practices. Provision of appropriate blood components can also be complicated by transfusion, pregnancy, exposure to drug, or various diseases. Therefore, the reasons for assessing the crossmatching incompatibility are important in transfusion safety. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of crossmatch incompatibility in this region and the reasons behind it.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, 32,403 crossmatch data were reviewed from crossmatch register between July 2018 and June 2019. Crossmatch was performed with both saline and antihuman globulin method. Incompatible crossmatch was evaluated further.

Results:
About 0.15% (n = 50) of patients showed crossmatch incompatibility: of this, 66% were female and 34% male. About 80% of crossmatch incompatibility was associated with multiple transfusions; of these, direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive in 78% (n = 39) and indirect antiglobulin test (IAT)/antibody screen was positive in 68% (n = 34) of patients. Both DAT and IAT were positive in 46% (n = 23). Further antibody identification was done.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the need for introducing antibody screening before compatibility testing, especially in multitransfused individuals.
Is Convalescent Plasma Therapy Effective for COVID-19? Our Initial Experience at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Hurkat Neha Jayant , Ramulu Venkat , Gurram Srinivas 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Previous studies suggest that convalescent plasma (CP) may be effective in improving survival rates in COVID-19 patients. But still there is uncertainty regarding effectiveness of CP in improving mortality or clinical improvement in COVID-19 patient as randomized studies were short of statistical significance. We aim to report our initial experience with CP transfusions for COVID 19 patients at a tertiary care set up with regard to its efficacy and safety in patients at various stages of disease.

Methods:
This is an observational study which includes 324 patients who have received convalescent plasma from 1st July to 31st August 2020 in a tertiary care set up. The outcome of the study was measured by recovery of the patient and discharge from hospital in stable condition. Recovery was defined as no fever for 3 consecutive days, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation returning to normal at room air and patient being hemodynamically stable.

Results:
The overall recovery was attained in 249/324 patients (76.9%) and 75/324 patients (23.1%) died in hospital. In moderate disease patients the recovery rate was found to be 96.1%. In Severe disease patients, 38.8% recovered and in critically ill patients, 23.4% recovered. 80.6% patients recovered who received plasma within 5 days of hospitalization where as only 67.4% patients recovered who received plasma after 5 days of hospitalisation indicating earlier administration of CP in disease course has better outcomes. SARS-CoV 2 IgG ab levels of CP units correlated with outcome. The recovery was significantly higher in patients who received CP with higher IgG values (>12) as compared to patients who received CP with lower IgG values (<12). No adverse effects of CP transfusion were reported.

Conclusion:
This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes. Thus it is reasonable to consider CP therapy as an effective, safe and feasible therapeutic option for COVID-19 in the early course of disease.
The Evaluation of M-TRAP Technology in Detection of ABO Groups and Its Subgroups and Its Efficacy as a Point-of-Care Test for Blood Grouping
Authors: Patel Tarak R. , Shah Sangita D. , Bhatnagar Nidhi , Shah Mamta C. , Tripathi Sujata , Soni Shital , Mathew Ashly Monson , Ahuja Tejal 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Accurate ABO blood grouping including detection of subgroups is a core component in transfusion medicine to prevent adverse transfusion reactions. This article highlights the importance of using M-TRAP technology in a pad-based platform as a point-of-care test for offsite blood donation camps, pre release of blood bags from blood center and at patient's bedside for rapid evaluation of blood groups as compared to conventional methods.

Methods:
ABD-PAD works on principal of membrane trapping technology used for the evaluation of blood group and their subgroup as a point of care test.

Result:
Total 1,03,987 blood group test were performed, of which 71,885 of patients' and 32,102 of donors' by EMT (Model – QWALYS 3, Manufacturer – Diagast, France). Among them, 4516 blood group discrepancies were detected. Out of 4516 blood group discrepancies, 17 (00.38%) group discrepancies were due to ABO subgroups. Among them, 13 (76.47%) were subgroup A and 4 (23.53%) were subgroup B. These subgroups were detected by M-TRAP technology.

Conclusion:
The use of M-TRAP technology (ABD PAD) is a reliable method for manual blood grouping and is useful to detect blood group at patient's bedside, outside blood donation camp, and at the time of issue of blood from blood center.
A Retrospective Study of Single-Unit Transfusion in a Tertiary Care Center of Southern India
Authors: Das Soumya , Basavarajegowda Abhishekh 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Single-unit transfusions continue to be a widespread transfusion practice. Single-unit red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were treated with substantial denunciation in the past but recently have been reviewed as to whether it is acceptable or could be acceptable. This study was undertaken to observe the overall profile of the patients receiving the single-unit transfusion and analyze the possible rationale of such transfusion.

Methods:
This was a retrospective record-based study conducted in multispecialty tertiary level care teaching hospital over a period of 1 year from January to December 2017. Variables included were age, gender, diagnosis, indication for transfusion, pre- and post-hemoglobin, additional modality of treatment received including other blood components and length of hospital stay. Qualitative variables were described as number and percentages, and quantitative variables as number, mean, and standard deviation.

Results:
During the study, 50,880 blood components were issued out of which, packed RBCs (PRBCs) accounted to 19760. Twenty-four percent (4742 units) of the total blood units were transfused as single unit of PRBC. 52.1% of these single-unit transfusions were carried out by the surgical specialties.

Conclusion:
Single-unit transfusions are more common in medical specialties probably due to the chronic nature of the diseases. However, even in surgical specialties, especially those striving toward reducing blood usage and the ones operating in more of an elective setting, single-unit transfusions were higher.
Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule for Cancer Surgeries
Authors: Kusumgar Rima 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Although blood ordering is a common practice in surgical field, the average requirement for a particular procedure is usually based on subjective anticipation of blood loss rather than on evidence-based estimates. In the absence of an explicit maximum blood demand policy, ordering for blood transfusion is frequently based on subjective anticipation of blood loss instead of evidence-based estimates of average requirement in a particular surgery. Maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) is a criterion developed from institutional usage statistics providing a figure for the number of units to be crossmatched for any given surgical procedure. Aims and objectives of this study were to prepare and implement MSBOS, to increase blood availability to other medical patients and surgical patients. Promote efficient use of blood inventory, workforce, and consumables. This also helps to reduce unnecessary pre transfusion testing and cross match studies.

Methodology:
A retrospective analysis of various surgeries was done and then, a maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) was prepared and implemented and various parameters were analyzed in the largest tertiary cancer care hospital of Gujarat over a 2-year period. The goal was to study the blood ordering strategies in the hospital for surgical patients and evolve an MSBOS. The total units demanded and the corresponding units issued were studied for surgical patients. Thereafter, transfusion probability, transfusion index (TI), and ratio of units crossmatched to actual units transfused (C/T ratio) were calculated. Transfusion guidelines for all surgeries requiring transfusions were proposed and implemented.

Results:
Crossmatch to transfusion ratio improved from 9.54 to 3.68. Transfusion probability was down to 30.04 from 13.24 and TI increased to 0.31 from 0.179. P value by using Z test for all three parameters was <0.05.

Conclusions:
Z-test calculation showed significant statistical improvement in the above three measures. The study also identified the common cases where “Type and Screen” (T and S) procedure could be introduced in cases where the transfusion probability was low. The implementation of this proposal will avoid over ordering of blood which is beneficial to the institute.