bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation investigation of a Ka-band phase-locked klystron-type coaxial relativistic Cherenkov generator
Authors: Zhou Yunxiao , Ju Jinchuan , Zhang Wei , Zhang Dian , Li Ying , Wang Tengfang , Zhou Fugui , Yu Zhuang , Yao Hongtao , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2025

To achieve coherent power combination of Ka-band high-power microwave (HPM), a phase-locked klystron-type coaxial relativistic Cherenkov generator (PKC-RCG), which combines the advantageous characteristics of weak dimensional sensitivity of RCG and low input power ratio of relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA), is proposed and investigated in this paper. The PKC-RCG is composed of two parts: a pre-modulation region adapted from TKA and an energy exchange region adapted from RCG. The pre-modulation region is used for initial speed modulation of intense relativistic electron beams (IREB), ensuring that the output frequency is consistent with the input frequency. The energy exchange region is used for deep clustering of the IREB and achieving efficient beam–wave energy conversion. Phase locking of the output HPM is accomplished through phase delivery of the modulated IREB. Specially designed reflectors and cascaded single-gap bunching cavities with active suppression of asymmetric TM mode are employed in the pre-modulation region to suppress energy coupling and achieve a lower input power ratio. Disk-loaded slow-wave structure with smooth inner conductor is employed in the energy exchange region to further decrease the dimensional sensitivity of RCG. By the proposed Ka-band PKC-RCG, an HPM with a power of 550 MW and a frequency of 29.0 GHz is obtained with ohmic loss being taken into account. Moreover, the input power ratio and phase-locking bandwidth of the proposed Ka-band PKC-RCG are −51.4 dB and 30 MHz, respectively.
Research on the influence of curtain grouting parameters on the stability of tunnel surrounding rock and lining structure under the action of local high water pressure
Authors: Li Lianhui , Zhang Zonglong , Nie Changyong , Hu Xuebing , Li Zongzhi , Cheng Liang , Zhang Wenfeng 
Published: January 2025

Choosing the reasonable and economical grouting parameters is crucial for controlling the seepage field of surrounding rock and tunnel stability. This paper adopted the fluid–solid coupling theory based on FLAC3D to establish numerous simulations on the stability of surrounding rock and lining structure in karst tunnels under the different grouting conditions. The influences of grouting layer thicknesses and their permeability coefficients on the mechanical behaviors of lining structure, seepage, and stress properties of surrounding rock were investigated. The results show that with the increase of grouting thickness and its ratio of permeability, the maximum flow velocity and flow rate per liner meter in surrounding rock, the bending moments and axial forces, and the horizontal and vertical displacements of the lining structure all exponentially decrease, but safety factors at different positions of the lining structure first rapidly and then slowly increase. The changes in safety factor and uplift displacement at the inverted arch are more significant, and the minimum safety factor occurs at the left arch foot. As the grouting thickness and its ratio of permeability increase, the plastic zone range in surrounding rock decreases and expands, respectively. Through considering the improvement effect and economy of grouting comprehensively, choosing a grouting layer thickness of 7–9 m and a ratio of permeability of 20–50 is an ideal configuration parameter to ensure the stability and safety of karst tunnels under the conditions of this paper. The research results could provide references for choosing the reasonable grouting parameters in karst tunnels.
Utilization of oocytes from closely related domestic species for interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer in gaur embryo production
Authors: Jintana Ratree , Tasripoo Kriengsak , Srisakwattana Kitiya , Suthikrai Wanvipa , Sophon Sunpetch , Tharasanit Theerawat 
Published: January 2025

Context The limited availability of recipient oocytes poses significant challenges in increasing the population of endangered species. Aims This study demonstrates the use of oocytes from closely related domestic species (cattle, buffalo, and goat) in the production of gaur embryos via interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT). The developmental abilities of embryos from various combinations – gaur–bovine, gaur–buffalo, gaur–goat, and others – are analyzed. Previous achievements are retrospectively reviewed and summarized. Methods The methodologies for iSCNT and in vitro gaur embryo production are outlined. Key results Blastocyst rates among gaur–bovine, gaur–buffalo, and gaur–goat embryos showed no significant differences (P < 0.05). Gaur–bovine embryo development was comparable to intraspecies embryos (bovine–bovine), indicating successful developmental compatibility. Pregnancy rates after transferring gaur–bovine embryos were reported for the first time, with rates of 4.76%, 42.86%, 19.05% and 4.76% at Days 45, 60, 90 and 120, respectively. Conclusions Bovine, buffalo, and goat oocyte cytoplasm is effective for producing gaur iSCNT embryos, capable of initiating early pregnancies. Implications Laboratory techniques and methodologies can save costs and time, contributing to the conservation of endangered species.
Portable Meat Production and Retailing Facility (P-MART): a novel technology for clean meat production from sheep and goats
Authors: Girish P. S. , Priyanka D. , Bhaskar R. Vijay , Sudheer K. , Vikram R. , Jyoti J. , Raveendhar N. , Ramakrishna C. , Barbuddhe S. B. 
Published: January 2025

Context An adequate infrastructure facility is a prerequisite for achieving clean and hygienic meat production from sheep and goats. In India, most of the meat is produced by small-scale producers who cannot afford to establish large-scale abattoirs. Aim The study aimed to develop and test an innovative Portable Meat Production and Retailing Facility (P-MART), designed to meet the specific requirements of small-scale sheep and goat slaughter operations processing less than 10 animals per day. Methods The designing and fabrication of P-MART comprises of animal resting facility, slaughtering and dressing facility, meat cutting and packaging facility, meat retailing facility, and waste management facility. The microbiological evaluation was conducted by collecting meat samples/swabs (n = 6) from various stages of the slaughter of sheep and goats in P-MART. The quality of the liquid effluent from the slaughter process (n = 6) of P-MART was evaluated for different parameters. The gastrointestinal waste was subjected to aerobic composting and compost samples (n = 6) were analyzed for different parameters. The P-MART liquid waste was subjected to anaerobic biomethanation (n = 6) and the quality of the liquid fertilizer was assessed for different parameters. The air quality index in P-MART was analyzed in alignment with Environmental Protection Training and Research Institute (EPTRI) standards compliance with National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Key results The P-MART demonstrated effectiveness in addressing small-scale slaughterhouse needs. Microbiological analysis confirmed the absence of harmful organisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria in meat, surfaces and water, showcasing high hygiene standards. The aerobic composting of gastrointestinal waste resulted in composting with nutrient concentrations that met recommended standards and the biomethanation of liquid waste produced nutrient-rich liquid fertilizer and biogas for cooking. Air quality parameters, including particulate matter with 10 μm or less, or 2.5 μm or less, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, were within permissible limits, ensuring a safe environment. Conclusions P-MART design minimizes water use and supports humane slaughter, sustainable waste management and environmental compliance. An application for an Indian patent was submitted (Patent application No. 202111016135) to protect intellectual property. The technology was commercialized to enable upscaling and marketing. Implications The P-MART can improve livelihoods for small-scale meat producers by offering affordable and hygienic slaughter facilities. Its sustainable waste management practices enhance public health and environmental protection.
Exploring the associative relationship between general practice engagement and hospitalisation in older carers to potentially reduce hospital burden
Authors: Azer Anthony , Barr Margo , Azer George , Harris-Roxas Ben 
Published: January 2025

Background Caregiving is an essential yet often overlooked component of health care. Although carers play a pivotal role in reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes, they are also prone to psychological and physical burdens that can lead to their own hospitalisation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the frequency of interactions with general practitioners and hospitalisation rates among caregivers aged ≥45 years in New South Wales, Australia. Methods This cohort study retrospectively identified participants from the Sax Institute’s 45 and Up Study in New South Wales, linked with national datasets. The cohort comprised 26,004 individuals aged ≥45 years who were caregivers. The primary outcome was hospitalisation within a 7-year period, and the intervention was whether the patient was a high or low general practice (GP) user, ascertained by determining if the average number of annual GP visits was above or below 11, respectively. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Poisson regression models. Results The study found a statistically significant association between high GP use and reduced rates of hospitalisation among caregivers. Caregivers with frequent GP interactions had a relative risk of hospitalisation of 0.514 (95% CI: 0.479–0.550) compared with their counterparts who infrequently used GP services. This association remained significant, even after adjusting for various demographic and health-related factors with an adjusted relative risk of 0.619 (95% CI: 0.554–0.690). Conclusions The findings underscore the potential of primary care interventions in reducing hospitalisations among caregivers, in turn providing economic and societal benefits. They also highlight the need for future research to understand the specific aspects of GP interactions that contribute to this protective effect.
Culturally safe physiotherapy care: how this looks and feels for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Authors: Nelson Curtley , Forbes Roma , Mandrusiak Allison 
Published: January 2025

Background Understanding the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as healthcare recipients is essential for delivering culturally safe physiotherapy care; however, the literature inadequately explores these experiences. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who have engaged with physiotherapists and understand their perspectives on how physiotherapists can provide culturally safe care in the community. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult (aged >18 years) self-identified Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (n = 12) who had received physiotherapy care within a community setting within the previous 3 months. A First Nations methodology approach alongside reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Results Four themes were generated: (1) building trust through yarning; (2) acknowledging and respecting culture; (3) creating a culturally safe environment; and (4) the importance of professional training. Conclusions Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have expressed that physiotherapists can establish trust with their patients by dedicating time to develop a therapeutic relationship and by demonstrating respect for their culture. It is essential for physiotherapists to carefully consider the physical environment in which they deliver care to ensure it is welcoming and culturally safe for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Physiotherapists should undertake professional development to immerse themselves in First Nations culture and history through connecting with community. This study offers insights into the lived experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples receiving care in the community and provides recommendations that may assist physiotherapists, alongside other community-based health professionals, to provide culturally safe care.
Research on the influence of conical micro array chip parameters on fog water collection
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Dong Shizhang , Ye Guoyong , Guo Ruirui , Wei Ziming , Guo Yuqi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conducting research on water collection based on the bionic cactus conical spine structure holds significant importance for arid regions, the key parameters of conical micro array chip affecting the contact area between the micro cones and the fog determine the fog water collection. However, the influence of the conical arrays parameters including cone angle and arrangement on water collection is rarely studied. We present research on the influence of conical micro array chip parameters on fog water collection. The conical micro array chips with different parameters including the cone apex angle and arrangement pattern were designed, and the experiments of the fog water collection were conducted. The experiments explored the impact of arrangement patterns, cone apex angle, the distance and orientation of the conical micro array chip (CMAC) relative to the fog flow, and the surface properties (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) of the CMAC on fog water collection efficiency. Through these experiments, the law of influence of key parameters of the conical arrays on fog water collection efficiency was obtained. The experiments indicate the CMAC with large cone apex angle, hexagonal arrangement and hydrophilic surface has a better water collection efficiency . Further, this research can be beneficial to the advancement and application of water collection devices in arid environments.
Investigation of positron scattering from 2H-pyran, 4H-pyran, and pyrrole molecules
Authors: Sharma Snigdha , Gupta Dhanoj 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The scattering cross-sections for positron-biomolecule interaction are an essential&#xD; input for the Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. In the present work, we have reported&#xD; the elastic integral, differential, momentum transfer, and total ionization cross-sections for&#xD; scattering of positron from 2H-pyran, 4H-pyran, and pyrrole molecules. The single-center&#xD; expansion method is employed for the elastic scattering calculations and the binary-encounter&#xD;Bethe model for ionization. We have also reported the elastic integral and differential cross&#xD;sections for benzene and furan, which are structurally similar to the pyran isomers and pyrrole,&#xD; respectively, and compared them with the experimental and theoretical data available in the&#xD; literature to validate the efficacy of the single-center expansion method and the codes used.&#xD; Acomparative analysis of the elastic cross-sections for the isomers: 2H-pyran and 4H-pyran,&#xD; and the pyrrole molecule that is isoelectronic with furan is also presented.
Circularly polarized RABBITT on atomic shells with large orbital momentum
Authors: Kheifets Anatoly S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In light atoms, the technique of Reconstruction of Attosecond Bursts by Interference of Two-Photon Transitions (RABBITT), driven by circularly polarized radiation, enables a complete retrieval of ionization amplitudes in the XUV+IR regime, including their relative phases [Phys. Rev. Res. 6, L012002 (2024)]. In this work, we extend this method to heavier atoms by conducting numerical simulations of circularly polarized RABBITT on the Kr 3d and Xe 4d atomic shells. The XUV ionization dynamics in these atoms diﬀer markedly due to the presence of a giant shape resonance in the 4d → Ef ionization channel of Xe, a feature absent in Kr. Nevertheless, when an IR photon is added to the XUV ionization, the results for Kr and Xe are surprisingly similar, with the ratio of absorption/emission matrix elements and their relative phases remaining close in value. Moreover, these ratios and phases show minimal variation even when the Xe atom is encapsulated within a C60 fullerene cage. In search for the Cooper-like minimum in the IR absorption amplitude ratios predicted in [J. Phys. B 57, 235601 (2024)], we extend our investigation to the Cr 4f shell where this minimum is indeed present.&#xD;
Polaronic transport and magnetic field dependence of conduction parameters in rGO-CFO nanocomposites
Authors: Manzoor Sadia , Anwar Rohina , hussain shahzad , Arshad Zuharia , Darr Jawwad A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we report the AC conductivity σ and magnetoconductivity Δσ% of a series of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite (rGO-CFO) composites in which the mass ratio of rGO:CFO has been systematically varied over six compositions. The conductivity measured in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 3 MHz showed an anomalous increase with the CFO content in the composite, even though the conductivity of CFO is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than that of rGO. Magnetoconductivity measured in fields upto 2000 Oe displayed both negative and positive values depending on the rGO:CFO ratio. Maximum magnetoconductivity of ~ +14% was obtained at room temperature in a magnetic field of only 750 Oe. Samples having the largest σ and Δσ% values also showed significant softening/hardening of the Raman active modes of CFO, indicating polaronic transport in these composites. Fits of σ(f) data to a power law σ(f) = σo + Afn showed that parameters A and n depend strongly on the applied magnetic field. This dependence is qualitatively and quantitatively different for samples that display positive or negative magnetoconductivity. Although the temperature dependence of these conduction parameters has been extensively studied, we have not come across any reports of their field dependence. Based on these observations we present a surface polaron model in which hybridization of π-orbitals of graphene with surface states of CFO nanoparticles provide for a polaron conduction mechanism through a grid of CFO nanoparticles intercalated with rGO sheets.
Enhancing Ω Phase Thermal Stability in Al Alloys through Interstitial Ordering
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Wang Liwen , Liu Chunxuan , Qiu Jingwen , Liu hongrong , Liu Ziran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Scandium (Sc) can orderly occupy interstitial sites within the Ω phase of aluminum alloys, forming a new phase that significantly enhances the thermal stability of the alloy. However, Sc is relatively expensive and rare. In this work, we employ first-principles calculations to delve into the physical essence interstitial ordering of Sc in enhancing thermal stability at the electronic level, thereby revealing the crucial factors responsible for this improvement. By computationally screening all potential metallic elements across the periodic table, we uncover that, in addition to Sc, a diverse range of elements including lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and some of rare earth elements (Sm, Ce, Y), possess the potential to contribute to thermal stability enhancement through interstitial ordering mechanisms in aluminum alloys. This study deepens our understanding of microstructural thermal stability and offers novel strategies for designing improved thermally stable Al alloys.
A Novel Fault Diagnosis Method based on Convolutional Neural Network with Adaptive Noise Injection
Authors: Xiao Lei , Wang Jun , Liu Ximing , huanan Sun , Zhao Hailong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In most existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods, noise is considered harmful and may decrease diagnosis accuracy. In contrast to these methods, this study proposes a novel fault diagnosis method with extra noise injection, termed an adaptive-noise-injected convolutional neural network (ANI-CNN). Noise is intentionally injected into a CNN model's softmax layer to improve fault diagnosis accuracy. The injected noise is used in the iteration of the CNN model and adaptively adjusted according to the change in model loss. Bearing datasets from Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University were used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The robustness of the proposed method was illustrated by injecting Gaussian and uniform noise. By comparing the ablation study results with those of the state-of-the-art methods, and t-test results before and after noise injection, the effectiveness of noise injection in enhancing diagnosis accuracy was demonstrated. The proposed method performed well on small samples and in complex working conditions, and possesses good generalizability and the ability to deal with real-world datasets.
Automated system for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis using crackle analysis in recorded lung sounds based on iterative envelope mean fractal dimension filter
Authors: Pal Ravi , Barney Anna , Sgalla Giacomo , Walsh Simon L F , Sverzellati Nicola , Fletcher Sophie , Cerri Stefania , Cannesson Maxime , Richeldi Luca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) often experience long waits before getting a correct diagnosis, and this delay in reaching specialized care is associated with increased mortality, regardless of the severity of the disease. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of PF can potentially extend life expectancy and maintain a better quality of life. Crackles present in the recorded lung sounds may be crucial for the early diagnosis of PF. This paper describes an automated system for differentiating lung sounds related to PF from other pathological lung conditions using the average number of crackles per breath cycle (NOC/BC). The system is divided into four main parts: (1) pre-processing, (2) separation of crackles from normal breath sounds using the iterative envelope mean fractal dimension (IEM-FD) filter, (3) crackle verification and counting, and (4) estimating NOC/BC. The system was tested on a dataset consisting of 48 (24 fibrotic and 24 non-fibrotic) subjects and the results were compared with an assessment by two expert respiratory physicians. The set of HRCT images, reviewed by two expert radiologists for the presence or absence of pulmonary fibrosis, was used as the ground truth for evaluating the PF and non-PF classification performance of the system. The overall performance of the automatic classifier based on receiver operating curve-derived cut-off value for average NOC/BC of 18.65 (AUC=0.845, 95 % CI 0.739-0.952, p<0.001; sensitivity=91.7 %; specificity=59.3 %) compares favorably with the averaged performance of the physicians (sensitivity=83.3 %; specificity=56.25 %). Although radiological assessment should remain the gold standard for diagnosis of fibrotic interstitial lung disease, the automatic classification system has strong potential for diagnostic support, especially in assisting general practitioners in the auscultatory assessment of lung sounds to prompt further diagnostic work up of patients with suspect of interstitial lung disease.