bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Injection Penile Girth Enhancement as an Option for Small Penis Syndrome Management
Authors: Boiko Mykola I , Notsek Mykola S , Boiko Oleksandr M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
In recent years aesthetic injection techniques with soft tissue fillers have become popular worldwide due to their effectiveness, safety, and low cost. There is no standard approach to the management and follow-up of patients seeking penile enlargement procedures described in the literature, and the surgical penile enlargement methods are controversial.

Objectives
The goals of this study were to assess the effect of injection penile girth enlargement on sexual relationship satisfaction, confidence, and self-esteem, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this procedure for the management of men with small penis syndrome (SPS).

Methods
This was a single-center, clinical case series study executed from January 2019 to February 2021, which involved 148 men who were unsatisfied with the shape of their normal-size penises and requested penis girth correction.

Results
A total of 132 patients completed full treatment and follow-up. Mean girth enlargement was 1.7 ± 0.32 cm for the midshaft and 1.5 ± 0.32 cm for the glans of the penis. Satisfaction with sexual life improved. Mean scores increased by 17.9 ± 3.04 points for sexual relationship satisfaction and by 12.2 ± 3.17 points for confidence. The mean score for self-esteem increased by 8 ± 2.8 and by 4.3 ± 0.97 points for overall relationship satisfaction.

Conclusions
Penile enlargement with hyaluronic acid injection positively affects sexual relationship satisfaction, confidence, and self-esteem of men with SPS. The rate of psychosocial improvement does not correlate with penile size changes. It is a simple, safe, and effective technique that can be used in daily clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 4
fimpera: drastic improvement of Approximate Membership Query data-structures with counts
Authors: Robidou Lucas , Peterlongo Pierre 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
High throughput sequencing technologies generate massive amounts of biological sequence datasets as costs fall. One of the current algorithmic challenges for exploiting these data on a global scale consists in providing efficient query engines on these petabyte-scale datasets. Most methods indexing those datasets rely on indexing words of fixed length k, called k-mers. Many applications, such as metagenomics, require the abundance of indexed k-mers as well as their simple presence or absence, but no method scales up to petabyte-scaled datasets. This deficiency is primarily because storing abundance requires explicit storage of the k-mers in order to associate them with their counts. Using counting Approximate Membership Queries (cAMQ) data structures, such as counting Bloom filters, provides a way to index large amounts of k-mers with their abundance, but at the expense of a sensible false positive rate.

Results
We propose a novel algorithm, called fimpera, that enables the improvement of any cAMQ performance. Applied to counting Bloom filters, our proposed algorithm reduces the false positive rate by two orders of magnitude and it improves the precision of the reported abundances. Alternatively, fimpera allows for the reduction of the size of a counting Bloom filter by two orders of magnitude while maintaining the same precision. fimpera does not introduce any memory overhead and may even reduces the query time.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/lrobidou/fimpera.
Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Bin , Li Zhishuai , Qiu Zhiquan , Qin Yingyi , Gao Qingxiang , Ao Jianyang , Ma Wencong , Jiang Xiaoqing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Achieving a better prognosis for patients and reducing the risk of complications are primary considerations in surgical decisions for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the authors' clinical practice outcomes in the surgical management of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma following the planned-hepatectomy surgical treatment programme between 2009 and 2018.

Results
Some 473 patients were included, of whom 127 (26.8 per cent) underwent bile duct tumour resection alone, 44 (9.3 per cent) underwent bile duct tumour resection combined with restrictive hepatectomy, and 302 (63.8 per cent) underwent bile duct tumour resection combined with extensive hepatectomy. R0 resection was achieved in 82.2 per cent and the postoperative complication rate was similar between the different operations. The 5-year survival rates after surgery were 37.0, 37.3, and 28.4 per cent in the bile duct tumour resection alone, restrictive hepatectomy, and extensive hepatectomy groups respectively, with no statistically significant differences. As TNM staging progressed, the 1–5-year cumulative survival rate for the patients in the three groups showed a significant downward trend.

Conclusion
In the setting of a high-volume centre, a planned-hepatectomy surgical treatment programme helps to strike a better balance between achieving radical tumour resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and reasonable control of the extent of surgical damage.
Time-varying effects are common in genetic control of gestational duration
Authors: Juodakis Julius , Ytterberg Karin , Flatley Christopher , Sole-Navais Pol , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Preterm birth is a major burden to neonatal health worldwide, determined in part by genetics. Recently, studies discovered several genes associated with this trait or its continuous equivalent—gestational duration. However, their effect timing, and thus clinical importance, is still unclear. Here, we use genotyping data of 31 000 births from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort (MoBa) to investigate different models of the genetic pregnancy ‘clock’. We conduct genome-wide association studies using gestational duration or preterm birth, replicating known maternal associations and finding one new fetal variant. We illustrate how the interpretation of these results is complicated by the loss of power when dichotomizing. Using flexible survival models, we resolve this complexity and find that many of the known loci have time-varying effects, often stronger early in pregnancy. The overall polygenic control of birth timing appears to be shared in the term and preterm, but not very preterm, periods and exploratory results suggest involvement of the major histocompatibility complex genes in the latter. These findings show that the known gestational duration loci are clinically relevant and should help design further experimental studies.
On the Notion of Metaplectic Barbasch–Vogan Duality
Authors: Barbasch Dan , Ma Jia-Jun , Sun Binyong , Zhu Chen-Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In analogy with the Barbasch–Vogan duality for real reductive linear groups, we introduce a duality notion useful for the representation theory of the real metaplectic groups. This is a map on the set of nilpotent orbits in a complex symplectic Lie algebra, whose range consists of the so-called metaplectic special nilpotent orbits. We relate this duality notion with the theory of primitive ideals and extend the notion of special unipotent representations to the real metaplectic groups. We also interpret the duality map in terms of double cells of Weyl group representations.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results From the Finnish Maternity Cohort
Authors: Skarga Elizaveta , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Kaaks Rudolf , Waterboer Tim , Fortner Renée T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexually transmitted infections, specifically Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), may be associated with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk. The association between CT and EOC subtypes is unclear. Our aim was to investigate whether history of CT and other infections (Mycoplasma genitalium [MG], herpes simplex virus type 2 [HSV-2], and human papillomavirus [HPV]) are associated with EOC risk by histotype.

Methods
We measured antibodies (Abs) to CT, MG, HSV-2, and HPV-16/18 in serum samples in a nested case-control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (N = 484 cases 1:1 matched to controls). Logistic regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in seropositive versus seronegative individuals in all cases, as well as serous (n = 249), clear cell and endometrioid (n = 91), and mucinous (n = 144) EOC.

Results
CT seropositivity was not associated with EOC risk (eg, CT pGP3-Ab: RR, 0.92 [95% CI, .72–1.19]), regardless of disease subtype. We observed a positive association between MG seropositivity and mucinous EOC (RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.09–2.54]; P for heterogeneity by histotype ≤ .001), but not other subtypes. No associations were observed with seropositivity to multiple STIs.

Conclusions
CT infection was not associated with EOC risk, with associations observed only for MG and mucinous EOC. Mechanisms linking MG to mucinous EOC remain to be elucidated.
Reference genome for the American rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana
Authors: Grether Gregory F , Beninde Joscha , Beraut Eric , Chumchim Noravit , Escalona Merly , MacDonald Zachary G , Miller Courtney , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , Shedlock Andrew M , Toffelmier Erin , Shaffer H Bradley 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Damselflies and dragonflies (Order: Odonata) play important roles in both aquatic and terrestrial food webs and can serve as sentinels of ecosystem health and predictors of population trends in other taxa. The habitat requirements and limited dispersal of lotic damselflies make them especially sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation. As such, landscape genomic studies of these taxa can help focus conservation efforts on watersheds with high levels of genetic diversity, local adaptation, and even cryptic endemism. Here, as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP), we report the first reference genome for the American rubyspot damselfly, Hetaerina americana, a species associated with springs, streams and rivers throughout California. Following the CCGP assembly pipeline, we produced two de novo genome assemblies. The primary assembly includes 1,630,044,487 base pairs, with a contig N50 of 5.4 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 86.2 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness score of 97.6%. This is the seventh Odonata genome to be made publicly available and the first for the subfamily Hetaerininae. This reference genome fills an important phylogenetic gap in our understanding of Odonata genome evolution, and provides a genomic resource for a host of interesting ecological, evolutionary, and conservation questions for which the rubyspot damselfly genus Hetaerina is an important model system.
Conscription to Fight a War of Aggression under International Criminal Law
Authors: Boister Neil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The criminalization of the unlawful use of force in international relations is not usually linked to conscription of an army to fight such a war. However, historical precedent in the Nuremberg and Tokyo International Military Tribunals established that conscription was part of the common plan to wage a war of aggression. After a brief history of conscription and its justifications, this article examines that precedent and then analyses how it could be put to use in a prosecution of the crime of aggression under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Finally, it argues that there is a normative case for the inclusion of conscription within the scope of the crime of aggression because of the harm done to both the conscripts and the state and people of the place they invade.
Equivalence between simple multilayered and homogeneous laboratory-based rheological models in planetary science
Authors: Gevorgyan Yeva , Matsuyama Isamu , Ragazzo Clodoaldo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The goal of this work is to investigate under which circumstances the tidal response of a stratified body can be approximated by that of a homogeneous body. We show that any multilayered planet model can be approximated by a homogeneous body, with the same dissipation of tidal energy as a function of the excitation frequency, as long as the rheology of the homogeneous model is sufficiently complex. Moreover we provide two straightforward methods for finding the parameters of the homogeneous rheology that would exhibit the same tidal response as the layered body. These results highlight the fact that the two models cannot be distinguished from each other only by the measurement of the second degree tidal Love number and quality factor, and that we do not need the complexity of the multilayer planet model in order to estimate its tidal dissipation. The methodology promises a great simplification of the treatment of multilayered bodies in numerical simulations because the treatment of a homogeneous body – even with a complex rheological model – can be computationally better handled than that of a multilayered planet.
Chemical-genomic profiling identifies genes that protect yeast from aluminium, gallium, and indium toxicity
Authors: Schulze Yves , Ghiaci Payam , Zhao Liqian , Biver Marc , Warringer Jonas , Filella Montserrat , Tamás Markus J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAluminium, gallium, and indium are group 13 metals with similar chemical and physical properties. While aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust, gallium and indium are present only in trace amounts. However, the increased use of the latter metals in novel technologies may result in increased human and environmental exposure. There is mounting evidence that these metals are toxic, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Likewise, little is known about how cells protect themselves from these metals. Aluminium, gallium, and indium are relatively insoluble at neutral pH, and here we show that they precipitate in yeast culture medium at acidic pH as metal-phosphate species. Despite this, the dissolved metal concentrations are sufficient to induce toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By chemical-genomic profiling of the S. cerevisiae gene deletion collection, we identified genes that maintain growth in the presence of the three metals. We found both shared and metal-specific genes that confer resistance. The shared gene products included functions related to calcium metabolism and Ire1/Hac1-mediated protection. Metal-specific gene products included functions in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy for aluminium, protein folding and phospholipid metabolism for gallium, and chorismate metabolic processes for indium. Many of the identified yeast genes have human orthologues involved in disease processes. Thus, similar protective mechanisms may act in yeast and humans. The protective functions identified in this study provide a basis for further investigations into toxicity and resistance mechanisms in yeast, plants, and humans.
On the prediction of non-CG DNA methylation using machine learning
Authors: Sereshki Saleh , Lee Nathan , Omirou Michalis , Fasoula Dionysia , Lonardi Stefano 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
DNA methylation can be detected and measured using sequencing instruments after sodium bisulfite conversion, but experiments can be expensive for large eukaryotic genomes. Sequencing nonuniformity and mapping biases can leave parts of the genome with low or no coverage, thus hampering the ability of obtaining DNA methylation levels for all cytosines. To address these limitations, several computational methods have been proposed that can predict DNA methylation from the DNA sequence around the cytosine or from the methylation level of nearby cytosines. However, most of these methods are entirely focused on CG methylation in humans and other mammals. In this work, we study, for the first time, the problem of predicting cytosine methylation for CG, CHG and CHH contexts on six plant species, either from the DNA primary sequence around the cytosine or from the methylation levels of neighboring cytosines. In this framework, we also study the cross-species prediction problem and the cross-context prediction problem (within the same species). Finally, we show that providing gene and repeat annotations allows existing classifiers to significantly improve their prediction accuracy. We introduce a new classifier called AMPS (annotation-based methylation prediction from sequence) that takes advantage of genomic annotations to achieve higher accuracy.
Observational Study Evaluating the Seroprotection of HepB-alum Vaccine and HepB-CpG Vaccine in People With HIV
Authors: Reilly-Evans Brenna , Dudzik Beatrix , Costlow David J , Hartmann Carlos , Khalsa Ann M , Kassis Christelle , Zmarlicka Monika T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine seroprotection rates with conventional aluminum adjuvanted recombinant HBV vaccines, Engerix-B (HepB-alum) vaccine, among people with HIV (PWH) are varied. Heplisav-B (HepB-CpG) vaccine, a novel adjuvanted recombinant HBV vaccine, has shown higher seroprotection rates in immunocompetent patients but is not well studied in PWH. There are no published studies comparing seroprotection rates between HepB-alum and HepB-CpG in PWH. This study aims to evaluate and compare the seroprotection incidence of HepB-alum vs HepB-CpG in PWH at least 18 years of age.

Methods
This retrospective, observational cohort study included adults diagnosed with HIV who received a complete series of HepB-alum or HepB-CpG at a community health center in Phoenix, Arizona. Patients had a hepatitis B surface antibody &lt;10 IU/L at the time of the first vaccine dose. The primary outcome was a comparison of seroconversion incidence between HepB-CpG and HepB-alum. Secondary outcomes included identifying factors associated with likelihood of response to HBV vaccination.

Results
A total of 120 patients were included in this study, 59 in the HepB-alum cohort and 61 in the HepB-CpG cohort. In the HepB-alum cohort, 57.6% achieved seroconversion, compared with 93.4% in the HepB-CpG cohort (P &lt; .001). Those without diabetes were more likely to have response to a vaccine.

Conclusions
Among PWH at a single community health center, HepB-CpG provided a statistically higher incidence of seroprotection against HBV compared with HepB-alum.
The Comparison of Surgical Margins and Type of Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Microvascular Invasion
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Zhuang Guokun , Bai Shilei , Hu Zhiliang , Xia Yong , Lu Caixia , Wang Jie , Wang Chunyan , Liu Liu , Li Fengwei , Wu Yeye , Shen Feng , Wang Kui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of surgical margin and hepatic resection on prognosis and compare their importance on prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
The clinical data of 906 patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2015 were collected retrospectively. All patients were divided into anatomical resection (AR) (n = 234) and nonanatomical resection (NAR) group (n = 672) according to type of hepatic resection. The effects of AR and NAR and wide and narrow margins on overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) were analyzed.

Results
In all patients, narrow margin (1.560, 1.278-1.904; 1.387, 1.174-1.639) is an independent risk factor for OS and TTR, and NAR is not. Subgroup analysis showed that narrow margins (2.307, 1.699-3.132; 1.884, 1.439-2.468), and NAR (1.481, 1.047-2.095; 1.372, 1.012-1.860) are independent risk factors for OS and TTR in patients with microvascular invasion (MVI)-positive. Further analysis showed that for patients with MVI-positive HCC, NAR with wide margins was a protective factor for OS and TTR compared to AR with narrow margins (0.618, 0.396-0.965; 0.662, 0.448-0.978). The 1, 3, and 5 years OS and TTR rate of the two group were 81%, 49%, 29% versus 89%, 64%, 49% (P = .008) and 42%, 79%, 89% versus 32%, 58%, 74% (P = .024), respectively.

Conclusions
For patients with MVI-positive HCC, AR and wide margins were protective factors for prognosis. However, wide margins are more important than AR on prognosis. In the clinical setting, if the wide margins and AR cannot be ensured at the same time, the wide margins should be ensured first.
Transcriptionally linked simultaneous overexpression of P450 genes for broad-spectrum herbicide resistance
Authors: Suda Hiroe , Kubo Tomomi , Yoshimoto Yusuke , Tanaka Keisuke , Tanaka Satoru , Uchino Akira , Azuma Satoshi , Hattori Makoto , Yamaguchi Takuya , Miyashita Masahiro , Tominaga Tohru , Iwakami Satoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Broad-spectrum herbicide resistance (BSHR), often linked to weeds with metabolism-based herbicide resistance, poses a threat to food production. Past studies have revealed that overexpression of catalytically promiscuous enzymes explains BSHR in some weeds; however, the mechanism of BSHR expression remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of high-level resistance to diclofop-methyl in BSHR late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) found in the United States, which cannot be solely explained by the overexpression of promiscuous cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP81A12/21. The BSHR late watergrass line rapidly produced 2 distinct hydroxylated diclofop acids, only 1 of which was the major metabolite produced by CYP81A12/21. RNA-seq and subsequent reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)-based segregation screening identified the transcriptionally linked overexpression of a gene, CYP709C69, with CYP81A12/21 in the BSHR line. The gene conferred diclofop-methyl resistance in plants and produced another hydroxylated diclofop acid in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Unlike CYP81A12/21, CYP709C69 showed no other herbicide-metabolizing function except for a presumed clomazone-activating function. The overexpression of the 3 herbicide-metabolizing genes was also identified in another BSHR late watergrass in Japan, suggesting a convergence of BSHR evolution at the molecular level. Synteny analysis of the P450 genes implied that they are located at mutually independent loci, which supports the idea that a single trans-element regulates the 3 genes. We propose that transcriptionally linked simultaneous overexpression of herbicide-metabolizing genes enhances and broadens the metabolic resistance in weeds. The convergence of the complex mechanism in BSHR late watergrass from 2 countries suggests that BSHR evolved through co-opting a conserved gene regulatory system in late watergrass.