bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APOE4, Age, and Sex Regulate Respiratory Plasticity Elicited by Acute Intermittent Hypercapnic-Hypoxia
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Welch Joseph F , Marciante Alexandria B , Hou Tingting , Lu Qing , Fox Emily J , Mitchell Gordon S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Rationale
Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) shows promise for enhancing motor recovery in chronic spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. However, human trials of AIH have reported significant variability in individual responses.

Objectives
Identify individual factors (eg, genetics, age, and sex) that determine response magnitude of healthy adults to an optimized AIH protocol, acute intermittent hypercapnic-hypoxia (AIHH).

Methods
In 17 healthy individuals (age = 27 ± 5 yr), associations between individual factors and changes in the magnitude of AIHH (15, 1-min O2 = 9.5%, CO2 = 5% episodes) induced changes in diaphragm motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and inspiratory mouth occlusion pressures (P0.1) were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked with mechanisms of AIH induced phrenic motor plasticity (BDNF, HTR2A, TPH2, MAOA, NTRK2) and neuronal plasticity (apolipoprotein E, APOE) were tested. Variations in AIHH induced plasticity with age and sex were also analyzed. Additional experiments in humanized (h)ApoE knock-in rats were performed to test causality.

Results
AIHH-induced changes in diaphragm MEP amplitudes were lower in individuals heterozygous for APOE4 (i.e., APOE3/4) compared to individuals with other APOE genotypes (P = 0.048) and the other tested SNPs. Males exhibited a greater diaphragm MEP enhancement versus females, regardless of age (P = 0.004). Additionally, age was inversely related with change in P0.1 (P = 0.007). In hApoE4 knock-in rats, AIHH-induced phrenic motor plasticity was significantly lower than hApoE3 controls (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
APOE4 genotype, sex, and age are important biological determinants of AIHH-induced respiratory motor plasticity in healthy adults.

Addition to Knowledge Base
AIH is a novel rehabilitation strategy to induce functional recovery of respiratory and non-respiratory motor systems in people with chronic spinal cord injury and/or neurodegenerative disease. Figure 5 Since most AIH trials report considerable inter-individual variability in AIH outcomes, we investigated factors that potentially undermine the response to an optimized AIH protocol, AIHH, in healthy humans. We demonstrate that genetics (particularly the lipid transporter, APOE), age and sex are important biological determinants of AIHH-induced respiratory motor plasticity
Direct implementation of discontinuous-grid finite-difference method using multiple point sources method and dynamic wavefield injection
Authors: Miao Zhongzheng , Zhang Jinhai 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
The classical finite-difference (FD) method stimulates wave propagation in uniform grids. In models with considerable velocity variations, the computational efficiency is compromised by oversampling in time and space. Although adopting a discontinuous grid in different wave-speed regions can improve computational efficiency, such a technique is typically hindered by low accuracy in transition zones (i.e. in the vicinity of the discontinuous-grid interface) and is typically unstable in the long term. We propose a direct implementation of the discontinuous-grid FD method by performing two simulations simultaneously: one on a coarse grid and the other on a fine grid. The proposed method applies a dynamic injection strategy to manage wavefield communication between coarse and fine submodels. Compared with previous discontinuous-grid FD methods, where the number of layers required for wavefield communication is one-half that the order of the FD scheme, the proposed method only requires one single layer, which significantly reduces the communication overhead and suppresses wavefield errors. Numerical experiments show that the results yielded by our method are consistent with the reference solutions yielded by the uniform-grid FD method via a fine grid. Furthermore, our method does not encounter numerical instability in long-term simulations. Therefore, the proposed discontinuous-grid FD method can accelerate numerical simulations while retaining stable numerical accuracy, even for long-term simulations.
Determining sampling spacing according to volume of investigation in geophysical surveys, application of air dose rate mapping
Authors: Masoudi Pedram 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
Geophysical measurements are a sort of averaging a physical property over a volume of investigation (VOI). Within the VOI, the spatial elements closer to the detector contribute more to the measured value compared to farther elements. In this study, a VOI-oriented algorithm is proposed which establishes a relation between the localization probability, the sampling spacing and the size of the exploration target. Hence, the probability of localizing a target could be calculated as a function of sampling spacing when the target dimension is known. The novelty of this work is the use of VOI in the sampling optimization, which is important for geophysical survey design in environmental sampling and mineral exploration. Although the published sampling optimization methods are often variogram-oriented, the one presented here is based on the spatial variability of the measured property. Finally, coupling the VOI-oriented algorithm with a variogram model could be recommended in order to consider both the measurement mechanism and the spatial variability in the sampling design.
quarTeT: a telomere-to-telomere toolkit for gap-free genome assembly and centromeric repeat identification
Authors: Lin Yunzhi , Ye Chen , Li Xingzhu , Chen Qinyao , Wu Ying , Zhang Feng , Pan Rui , Zhang Sijia , Chen Shuxia , Wang Xu , Cao Shuo , Wang Yingzhen , Yue Yi , Liu Yongsheng , Yue Junyang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A high-quality genome is the basis for studies on functional, evolutionary, and comparative genomics. The majority of attention has been paid to the solution of complex chromosome structures and highly repetitive sequences, along with the emergence of a new ‘telomere-to-telomere (T2T) assembly’ era. However, the bioinformatic tools for the automatic construction and/or characterization of T2T genome are limited. Here, we developed a user-friendly web toolkit, quarTeT, which currently includes four modules: AssemblyMapper, GapFiller, TeloExplorer, and CentroMiner. First, AssemblyMapper is designed to assemble phased contigs into the chromosome-level genome by referring to a closely related genome. Then, GapFiller would endeavor to fill all unclosed gaps in a given genome with the aid of additional ultra-long sequences. Finally, TeloExplorer and CentroMiner are applied to identify candidate telomere and centromere as well as their localizations on each chromosome. These four modules can be used alone or in combination with each other for T2T genome assembly and characterization. As a case study, by adopting the entire modular functions of quarTeT, we have achieved the Actinidia chinensis genome assembly that is of a quality comparable to the reported genome Hongyang v4.0, which was assembled with the addition of manual handling. Further evaluation of CentroMiner by searching centromeres in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa genomes showed that quarTeT is capable of identifying all the centromeric regions that have been previously detected by experimental methods. Collectively, quarTeT is an efficient toolkit for studies of large-scale T2T genomes and can be accessed at http://www.atcgn.com:8080/quarTeT/home.html without registration.
Research on regional soil moisture dynamics based on hyperspectral remote sensing technology
Authors: Guo Zhiqian , Li Xin , Ren Yushui , Qian Shujun , Shao Yirui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to realize the dynamic analysis of regional soil moisture content in the upper reaches of Xiashan Reservoir in Weihe River Basin, Weifang City, Shandong Province, a regional soil moisture dynamic analysis model based on hyperspectral remote sensing technology is proposed. The process of predicting and deducing the soil water content through the spectral information of remote sensing images, surface parameters and other data can reflect the soil spectral information. The band sensitive to the change of soil moisture in remote sensing image is directly extracted, which is used as the independent variable input in the soil water logging inversion model, and the process of soil moisture prediction is conducted with the measured soil moisture value as the dependent variable input. The SI-1, SI-2 and other water spectral indexes that can reflect the water information are constructed, and the water spectral index used for soil water content retrieval is constructed through various relationships between bands. Compared with the spectral reflectance alone, the use of water spectral index greatly improves the retrieval accuracy. The particle filter algorithm is used to assimilate the observed data and simulated data to obtain the assimilated soil moisture. Error evaluation indicators are used to evaluate the accuracy of the obtained assimilation results and further use different particle numbers and observation errors to conduct multiple data assimilation experiments to explore the sensitivity of particle numbers and observation errors to the assimilation results. The root mean square error (RMSE), relative error (RE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are used to test and verify the effect of data assimilation. The test shows that the dynamic analysis of the regional soil moisture content in the upper reaches of Xiashan Reservoir in the Fangwei River basin by using this method the distribution map obtained by dividing the vegetation coverage are more consistent with the actual situation in terms of the proportion of different soil water salinization degrees, the regional distribution of water, etc. The idea of using hyperspectral remote sensing to retrieve soil moisture is effective.
Limit Laws of Maximal Birkhoff Sums for Circle Rotations via Quantum Modular Forms
Authors: Borda Bence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we show how quantum modular forms naturally arise in the ergodic theory of circle rotations. Working with the classical Birkhoff sum $S_{N}(\alpha )=\sum _{n=1}^{N} (\{ n \alpha \}-1/2)$, we prove that the maximum and the minimum as well as certain exponential moments of $S_{N}(r)$ as functions of $r \in \mathbb{Q}$ satisfy a direct analogue of Zagier’s continuity conjecture, originally stated for a quantum invariant of the figure-eight knot. As a corollary, we find the limit distribution of $\max _{0 \le N&lt;M} S_{N}(\alpha )$ and $\min _{0 \le N&lt;M} S_{N}(\alpha )$ with a random $\alpha \in [0,1]$.
Low medication adherence and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Amana Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Doya Irene F , Yahaya James J , Ngaiza Advera I , Bintabara Deogratius 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundLow medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally. We investigated the prevalence of low medication adherence and its associated factors among patients with T2DM.MethodsWe used the Bengali version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) in measuring medication adherence among patients with T2DM who were attending the diabetes clinic at Amana Regional Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from December 2021 to May 2022. Binary logistic regression analysis under multivariate analysis was used to determine the predictors of low medication adherence after controlling for confounders. A two-tailed p-value &lt;0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe prevalence of low medication adherence was 36.7% (91/248) of the subjects included in the study. Lack of formal education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.3 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.717 to 16.312], p=0.004), having comorbidities (AOR 2.1 [95% CI 1.134 to 3.949], p=0.019) and drinking alcohol (AOR 3.5 [95% CI 1.603 to 7.650], p=0.031) were the independent predictors of low medication adherence.ConclusionMore than one-third of the patients with T2DM in this study had low medication adherence. Our study also showed that a lack of formal education, having comorbidities and drinking alcohol were significantly associated with low medication adherence.
New methods of structural break detection and an ensemble approach to analyse exchange rate volatility of Indian rupee during coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Mareeswaran M , Sen Shubhajit , Deb Soudeep 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we develop a methodology to detect structural breaks in multivariate time series data using the t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) technique and non-parametric spectral density estimates. By applying the proposed algorithm to the exchange rates of Indian rupee against four primary currencies, we establish that the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has indeed caused a structural break in the volatility dynamics. Next, to study the effect of the pandemic on the Indian currency market, we provide a compact and efficient way of combining three models, each with a specific objective, to explain and forecast the exchange rate volatility. We find that a forward-looking regime change makes a drop in persistence, while an exogenous shock like COVID-19 makes the market highly persistent. Our analysis shows that although all exchange rates are found to be exposed to common structural breaks, the degrees of impact vary across the four series. Finally, we develop an ensemble approach to combine predictions from multiple models in the context of volatility forecasting. Using model confidence set procedure, we show that the proposed approach improves the accuracy from benchmark models. Relevant economic explanations to our findings are provided as well.
Effect of high-pressure processing on the inactivation of foodborne pathogens in egg salad
Authors: Kim Min-Ju , Park Sang-Hyun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in egg salad and to evaluate the number of sub-lethally injured cells based on treatment conditions. HPP at 500 MPa for 30 s was sufficient for the complete inactivation of L. monocytogenes and Salm. Typhimurium directly plated on selective agar or plated after resuscitation, while 2 min treatment was required for E. coli O157:H7. HPP at 600 MPa for 30 s completely inactivated L. monocytogenes and Salm. Typhimurium, while 1 min treatment was needed for E. coli O157:H7. HPP at 400‒500 MPa injured a large number of pathogenic bacteria. No significant changes (P &gt; 0.05) in pH and color of egg salad were observed between HPP-treated and non-treated samples during 28 days of storage at refrigerated temperature. Our findings could be useful in predicting the HPP-mediated inactivation patterns of foodborne pathogens in egg salad for practical applications.
How limiting is optical follow-up for fast radio burst applications? Forecasts for radio and optical surveys
Authors: Jahns-Schindler Joscha N , Spitler Laura G , Walker Charles R H , Baugh Carlton M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are the first cosmological radio sources that vary on millisecond time-scales, which makes them a unique probe of the Universe. Many proposed applications of FRBs require associated redshifts. These can only be obtained by localizing FRBs to their host galaxies and subsequently measuring their redshifts. Upcoming FRB surveys will provide arcsecond localization for many FRBs, not all of which can be followed up with dedicated optical observations. We aim to estimate the fraction of FRB hosts that will be catalogued with redshifts by existing and future optical surveys. We use the population synthesis code frbpoppy to simulate several FRB surveys, and the semi-analytical galaxy formation code galform to simulate their host galaxies. We obtain redshift distributions for the simulated FRBs and the fraction with host galaxies in a survey. Depending on whether FRBs follow the cosmic star formation rate or stellar mass, 20–40 per cent of CHIME FRB hosts will be observed in an SDSS-like survey, all at z &lt; 0.5. The deeper DELVE survey will detect 63–85 per cent of ASKAP FRBs found in its coherent search mode. CHIME FRBs will reach z ∼ 3, SKA1-Mid FRBs z ∼ 5, but ground based follow-up is limited to z ≲ 1.5. We discuss the consequences for several FRB applications. If ∼1/2 of ASKAP FRBs have measured redshifts, 1000 detected FRBs can be used to constrain Ωbh70 to within ∼10 per cent at 95 per cent credibility. We provide strategies for optimized follow-up, when building on data from existing surveys. Data and codes are made available.
Breaking properties of multicomponent neutron star crust
Authors: Kozhberov A A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We study breaking properties of a solid neutron star crust. We consider the case in which the crust at any fixed density consists of two types of ions, forming a strongly ordered Coulomb crystal. It is shown that the breaking stress of such matter noticeably depends on ionic composition, and it is typically larger than that for a one-component crystal. The difference may reach a factor of several.
MultiCAM: a multivariable framework for connecting the mass accretion history of haloes with their properties
Authors: Mendoza Ismael , Mansfield Philip , Wang Kuan , Avestruz Camille 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Models that connect galaxy and halo properties often summarize a halo’s mass accretion history (MAH) with a single value and use this value as the basis for predictions. However, a single-value summary fails to capture the complexity of MAHs and information can be lost in the process. We present MultiCAM, a generalization of traditional abundance matching frameworks, which can simultaneously connect the full MAH of a halo with multiple halo and/or galaxy properties. As a first case study, we apply MultiCAM to the problem of connecting dark matter halo properties to their MAHs in the context of a dark matter-only simulation. While some halo properties, such as concentration, are more strongly correlated to the early-time mass growth of a halo, others, like the virial ratio, have stronger correlations with late-time mass growth. This highlights the necessity of considering the impact of the entire MAH on halo properties. For most of the halo properties we consider, we find that MultiCAM models that use the full MAH achieve higher accuracy than conditional abundance matching models that use a single epoch. We also demonstrate an extension of MultiCAM that captures the covariance between predicted halo properties. This extension provides a baseline model for applications where the covariance between predicted properties is important.
Distance of PSR B0458+46 indicated by FAST H i absorption observations
Authors: Jing W C , Han J L , Hong Tao , Wang Chen , Gao X Y , Hou L G , Zhou D J , Xu J , Yang Z L 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The pulsar B0458+46 was previously believed to have a distance of about 1.3 kpc and to be associated with a nearby supernova remnant, SNR HB9 (G160.9+2.6). We observe the neutral hydrogen (H i) absorption spectrum of PSR B0458+46 by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), and detect two absorption lines at radial velocities of VLSR = −7.7 and −28.1 km s−1. Based on the Galactic rotation curve with a modification factor correcting for the systematic stream in the Galactic anticentre region, we derive the kinematic distance of the farther absorption cloud, which is found to be located $2.7^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$ kpc away, just beyond the Perseus Arm. We also obtain a direct distance estimation of the farther absorption cloud as being $2.3_{-0.7}^{+1.1}$ kpc, based on a comparison of the velocity with the H i emission in the Perseus and Outer Arms that was well-defined by recently measured parallax tracers. As a result, we conclude that PSR B0458+46 should be located beyond the Perseus Arm, with a lower limit for the distance at 2.7 kpc, and therefore not associated with SNR HB9. The doubled distance indicates a deficiency of thermal electrons in the immediate outer Galaxy, with a much less density than current models predict. Additionally, we detect a new high-velocity H i cloud in the direction of this pulsar.
Using planet migration and dust drift to weigh protoplanetary discs
Authors: Wu Yinhao , Baruteau Clément , Nayakshin Sergei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
ALMA has spatially resolved over 200 annular structures in protoplanetary discs, many of which are suggestive of the presence of planets. Constraining the mass of these putative planets is quite degenerate for it depends on the disc physical properties, and for simplicity a steady-state is often assumed whereby the planet position is kept fixed and there is a constant source of dust at the outer edge of the disc. Here, we argue against this approach by demonstrating how the planet and dust dynamics can lift degeneracies of such steady-state models. We take main disc parameters from the well-known protoplanetary disc HD 163296 with a suspected planet at R ≈ 86 au as an example. By running gas and dust hydrodynamical simulations post-processed with dust radiative transfer calculations, we first find steady-state disc and planet parameters that reproduce ALMA continuum observations fairly well. For the same disc mass, but now allowing the planet to migrate in the simulation, we find that the planet undergoes runaway migration and reaches the inner disc in ∼0.2 Myr. Further, decreasing the disc mass slows down planet migration, but it then also increases the dust’s radial drift, thereby depleting the disc dust faster. We find that the opposing constraints of planet migration and dust drift require the disc mass to be at most $0.025~{\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}$, must less massive than previously estimated, and for the dust to be porous rather than compact. We propose that similar analysis should be extended to other sources with suspected planetary companions.