bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming denominator problems in refugee settings with fragmented electronic records for health and immigration data: a prediction-based approach
Authors: Erdmann Stella , Jahn Rosa , Rohleder Sven , Bozorgmehr Kayvan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies in refugee settings are often challenged by the denominator problem, i.e. lack of population at risk data. We develop an empirical approach to address this problem by assessing relationships between occupancy data in refugee centres, number of refugee patients in walk-in clinics, and diseases of the digestive system.
Methods: Individual-level patient data from a primary care surveillance system (PriCarenet) was matched with occupancy data retrieved from immigration authorities. The three relationships were analysed using regression models, considering age, sex, and type of centre. Then predictions for the respective data category not available in each of the relationships were made. 21 German on-site health care facilities in state-level registration and reception centres participated in the study, covering the time period from November 2017 to July 2021.
Results: 445 observations (“centre-months”) for patient data (EHR, 230 mean walk-in clinics visiting refugee patients per month and centre; standard deviation sd: 202) of a total of 47.617 refugee patients were available, 215 for occupancy data (OCC, mean occupancy of 348 residents, sd: 287), 147 for both (matched), leaving 270 observations without occupancy (EHR-unmatched) and 40 without patient data (OCC-unmatched). The incidence of diseases of the digestive system, using patients as denominators in the different sub-data sets were 9.2 % (sd: 5.9) in EHR, 8.8 % (sd: 5.1) when matched, 9.6% (sd: 6.4) in EHR- and 12% (sd 2.9) in OCC-unmatched. Using the available or predicted occupancy as denominator yielded average incidence estimates (per centre and month) of 4.7% (sd: 3.2) in matched data, 4.8% (sd: 3.3) in EHR- and 7.5% (sd: 2.8) in OCC-unmatched.
Conclusions: By modelling the ratio between patient and occupancy numbers in refugee centres depending on sex and age, as well as on the total number of patients or occupancy, the denominator problem in health monitoring systems could be addressed. The approach helped to estimate the missing component of the denominator, and to compare disease frequency across time and refugee centres more accurately using an empirically grounded prediction of disease frequency based on demographic and centre typology. This avoided over-estimation of disease frequency as opposed to the use of patients as denominators.
Effective dose of remimazolam combined with different doses butorphanol inhibiting response to cervical dilation during artificial abortion: A randomized dose-finding clinical study
Authors: Chen Jinming , Li Xiaoling , Hu Zilan , Zheng Yuling , Mai Ying , Zhongqi Zhang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The purpose was to determine the effective dose of remimazolam (RMZ) combined with different doses butorphanol inhibiting response to cervical dilation during artificial abortion. This is a prospective, randomized, and double-blind study. Sixty-one female patients were randomly assigned to Group B10 (31 patients) and Group B15 (30 patients). All patients were given RMZ 5 min after an intravenous (IV) administration of butorphanol 10 μg/kg (Group B10) and 15 μg/kg (Group B15). According to the pre-experiment, the first dose of RMZ in the first patient was 0.35 mg/kg, and the adjacent geometric dose ratio was 0.9. The centered isotonic regression was performed to determine the ED50 and ED90 of RMZ and their corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI). The total RMZ dose administered, recovery time, and anesthesia-related adverse events were all recorded. The recovery time in Group B10 was significantly shorter than in Group B15. The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in the B10 and B15 groups was 3.2% and 16.7%, respectively. Therefore, to enhance the sedative effect of RMZ, the recommended dose of butorphanol is 10 μg/kg, and the ED50 and ED90 of the RMZ during painless artificial abortion were 0.263 and 0.331 mg/kg, respectively.
Does the setting of local government economic growth targets promote or hinder urban carbon emission performance?Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Mo , Zhang Jijian , Xu Zhe , Hu Xuhua , Hu Dianxi , Yang Guang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The management of growth targets drives China's rapid economic expansion and leads to potential carbon emission externalities. This paper empirically investigates the impact of economic growth target setting on carbon emission performance using panel data from 257 Chinese localities between 2004 and 2020. The analysis is conducted using 2SLS instrumental variable regression, cluster standard error regression, and the spatial Durbin model. The empirical findings indicate that local economic growth targets conditionally improve urban carbon emission performance, and moderate targets effectively enhance regional carbon emission performance, with moderate targets effectively enhancing regional carbon emission performance. However, aggressive economic growth targets do not contribute to the enhancement of regional carbon emission performance. The analysis of mechanisms shows that moderate economic growth targets enhance regional carbon performance by fostering innovation in green technology, while aggressive targets impede performance by encouraging increased investment in fixed assets and the growth of new cities. The analysis of heterogeneity indicates that cities in the eastern and western regions, characterized by larger populations and lower reliance on natural resources, have more effective economic development targets for enhancing local carbon performance. Additionally, the establishment of local economic development targets negatively affects the carbon emissions performance of neighboring regions, with the most significant negative spillovers observed at a spatial scale of 100 to 200 kilometers. This paper expands upon research concerning the environmental consequences of setting economic growth targets and the factors influencing carbon emission performance. It offers practical insights for achieving a balance between economic growth and carbon emission governance in emerging market countries.
12 Pulse Variable Frequency Drive and Impact of Input Voltage Sag and Unbalance on DC Link Inductor and Capacitor Stress
Authors: Rengamuni Govarthanan , Kaliannan Palanisamy , Shanmugam Paramasivam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This paper investigates the stresses, losses and the lifetime of the dc-link inductor and capacitors of 12-Pulse Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) due to Type A, Type B Sags and voltage unbalances. These parameters are mainly attributable to the rectifier’s transition into unbalance and single-phase operation, giving rise to low-order harmonic voltages (100Hz, 200Hz etc.,) at the DC Link. When one type of Sag is imposed in the primary of the 12 Pulse transformer, it will transform into another Sag type in its secondary windings based on the transformer configuration. The transformed Sag will be different between the secondary windings. So, the rectifiers will experience a different current profile, which will increase the low-order harmonics in dc-Link of the VFD. This variation in the low frequency components will affect the lifetime of dc-bus Capacitors. This will increase the ac-flux densities of the DC Choke which will lead to increased core loss and saturation. The analysis predicts the life of the DC capacitors and core loss of the DC-Link inductors under different types of Sags and unbalances. 12-Pulse VFDs are generally used for high-Power. But for the analysis, simulation and testing, a 12-Pulse 7.5kW VFD is used.
Physical Activity Measurement in Older Adults with Dementia in Long-term Care Facilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Yeongeun , Yoo Leeho , Kim Mijeong , Moon Changsun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This scoping review systematically identifies methods of measuring physical activity in dementia patients, proposing strategies tailored to individual physical and cognitive statuses.
Methods
The methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley was adopted, with studies identified via RISS, KISS, ScienceON, PubMed, PsychINFO, and CINAHL. Study with physical activity measurements used for dementia residents in long-term care facilities were selected. Each study was analyzed for publication features, participant characteristics, and measurement techniques.
Results
Out of the 30 studies reviewed, the majority were descriptive research in gerontology. Subjects, predominantly over 65, had their cognition and physical abilities assessed via the MMSE and Barthel Index, respectively. Physical activities were primarily measured using accelerometers, supplemented by caregiver observations. The choice of physical activity measurement correlated with cognitive function and levels of daily life dependency.
Conclusion
Although limited by the lack of literature, accelerometers proved effective in measuring physical activity in dementia patients with moderate to severe dependency, while surveys were utilized for those with total dependency. Future research should strive to offer more specific guidelines, ensuring measurement methods are effectively tailored to patients' cognitive and physical capacities.
Impact of Schistosoma sp., infection on biological, behavioral, physiological, histological, and genotoxicological aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus snails
Authors: Dokmak Heba , hamam olfat , ibrahim amina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Trematodes infection of genus Schistosoma can lead to physiological and behavioral changes in intermediate snail hosts. This is because the parasite consumes essential resources required for the host's survival, but the hosts can adaptively modify their behavior to ensure some level of fitness before parasite-induced mortality. The present study examined the reproductive and biochemical parameters of Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus during the shedding stage of infection with Schistosoma mansoni and haematobium, respectively. The study found that the infection rate with S. mansoni was 34.7% and 30.4% with S. haematobium. In B.alexandrina infected with S. mansoni, a survival rate of 65.2% was recorded, along with a mean duration of shedding of 32.8 ± 5.5 days, a mean prepatent period of 37.5 ± 1.15 days, and a mean life span of 57.0 ± 1.21 days. Meanwhile, in B. truncatus infected with S. haematobium, a survival rate of 56.4% was recorded, with a mean duration of shedding of 42.6 ± 2.6 days, a mean prepatent period of 46.7 ± 2.3 days, and a mean life span of 65.9 ± 1.6 days. The feeding behavior was increased in the two infected species snail, while the net reproductive rate (Ro) of the infected species snails was reduced. Total antioxidant (TAO) and lipid peroxidation activity were increased in the two infected snails during shedding, while Glutathione-S-transferase was reduced. Lipid peroxidase (LPO) activity and nitrogen oxide (NO) levels decreased significantly in infected B. alexandrina and increased in infected Bulinus. Steroid hormone measurements were increased in the infected Biomphalaria, while they were reduced in infected Bulinus. Comet assay parameters were increased in the two infected genera after infection than control snails, and histopathological damage occurred. These observations demonstrated that infection initiates diverse biochemical, hormonal, genotoxic, and histopathological change to the tissues responsible for fecundity and reproduction in B. alexandrina and B. truncatus.
Unemployment and opioid overdose death patterns in the United States from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Khafagy Rana , Naraentheraraja Saranya , Sathiyamoorthy Aranee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Unemployment has been linked to increased opioid-related harms such as opioid overdose deaths. Identifying hotspots and coldspots across the United States (US), specifically concerning opioid overdose deaths, can be crucial to understanding health resources and leveraging strategies, policies and programs to reduce the burden of opioid-related harms.
Methods
Using data from the US Bureau of Labour Statistics and the Center for Disease Control from 2017 to 2019, we describe how unemployment correlates with opioid overdose deaths in the US. Spatial clustering analyses were carried out to generate Moran’s global I values and create hotspot maps leveraging Moran’s local I to identify clusters and trends over time.
Results
There was an autocorrelation of opioid overdose death rates with surrounding states, particularly in the Midwest, Northeast and Southeast in 2017 and 2019. In contrast, only certain states in the Northeast showed greater clustering in 2018. A Poisson regression model showed a positive association between unemployment and opioid overdose deaths for the years 2017 and 2019. However, a protective effect of unemployment was seen in 2018. Overall, 2018 did not follow similar patterns seen in 2017 and 2019 in terms of the correlation between unemployment and opioid overdose rates.
Conclusion
Opioid-related deaths appear to be associated with unemployment rates in the US during 2017 and 2019, but less so in 2018. The Midwest, Northeast and Southeast were highly positively correlated with each other. Future studies which incorporate potential confounders such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity are needed to better understand the true association between unemployment and opioid overdose deaths.
BCL-XL inhibitors enhance the apoptotic efficacy of BRAF inhibitors in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer
Authors: Mariadason John , Jenkins Laura , Luk Ian , Chionh Fiona , Tan Tao , Needham Kristen , Vukelic Natalia , Sieber Oliver , Mouradov Dmitri , Gibbs Peter , Williams David , Tebbutt Niall , Desai Jayesh , Hollande Frederic , Dhillon Amardeep , Lee Erinna , Merino Delphine , Fairlie Walter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metastatic BRAFV600E colorectal cancer (CRC) carries an extremely poor prognosis and is in urgent need of effective new treatments. While the BRAFV600E inhibitor encorafenib in combination with the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab (Enc+Cet) was recently approved for this indication, overall survival is only increased by 3.6 months and objective responses are observed in only 20% of patients. We have found that a limitation of Enc+Cet treatment is the failure to efficiently induce apoptosis in BRAFV600E CRCs, despite inducing expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM and repressing expression of the pro-survival protein MCL-1. Here, we show that BRAFV600E CRCs express high basal levels of the pro-survival proteins MCL-1 and BCL-XL, and that combining encorafenib with a BCL-XL inhibitor significantly enhances apoptosis in BRAFV600E CRC cell lines. This effect was directly dependent on the induction of BIM as BIM deletion markedly attenuated BRAF plus BCL-XL inhibitor-induced apoptosis. As thrombocytopenia is an established on-target toxicity of BCL-XL inhibition, we also examined the effect of combining encorafenib with the BCL-XL targeting PROTAC DT2216, and the novel BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor dendrimer conjugate AZD0466. Combining encorafenib with DT2216 significantly increased the induction of apoptosis in vitro, while combining encorafenib with AZD0466 was well tolerated in mice and further reduced growth of BRAFV600E CRC xenografts compared to either agent alone. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combined BRAF and BCL-XL inhibition significantly enhances apoptosis in pre-clinical models of BRAFV600E CRC and is a combination regimen worthy of clinical investigation to improve outcomes for these patients.
Exploring the potential common genetic characteristics and molecular mechanisms between inflammatory bowel disease and atherosclerosis using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: xuezhu wang , zhai zihan , Rong Zhen , Wei Tingting , Yu Xuefang , Bian Bo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide. According to recent research, IBD is a separate risk element for atherosclerosis (AS),however the cause of IBD combined with AS is still not clear. Through a thorough bioinformatics analysis, this study investigated the potential mechanisms of AS in conjunction with IBD and aimed to pinpoint biomarkers for patients with IBD and AS complications.
Methods
From two microarray datasets, we obtained differentially expressed genes(DEGs) for AS and IBD using the "Limma" package. The CDEGs underwent enrichment analysis, leading to the construction of a network for protein-protein interaction (PPI). Afterward, two algorithms based on machine learning were utilized to search for hub genes. A diagnostic nomogram was created using the Hub genes. To assess the dependability of the nomogram, the ROC curve was employed.qPCR was used to analyze the expression of hub genes in animal models. The AS dataset underwent immune infiltration analysis and consensus clustering analysis in the end.
Results
A total of 51 CDEGs were obtained. Further screening yielded three hub genes (LCP2, MMP9, and NCF2). The nomogram demonstrated good diagnostic performance. The disease group exhibited markedly elevated expression levels of hub genes compared to the control group, as revealed by the qPCR findings.In AS, the analysis of immune infiltration showed irregularity in the infiltration of immune cell. Two molecular subtypes were identified through consensus clustering analysis, with subtype B exhibiting higher expression levels of hub genes and immune checkpoint genes compared to subtype A.
Conclusion
Our study revealed the common inflammatory immune pathways in IBD and AS and constructed a nomogram with good diagnostic performance based on hub genes.
A mixed-method randomised controlled feasibility trial of digital CBT and emotion regulation skills training for employees in the workplace (REST)
Authors: Moukhtarian Talar R. , Fletcher Sophie , Walasek Lukasz , Kershaw Charlotte , Patel Krishane , Hurley-Wallace Anna L. , Russell Sean , Daly Guy , Tang Nicole , Toro Carla , Meyer Caroline 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and aim:
Digital interventions for depression and anxiety can be as effective as face-to-face therapy. In a bid to tackle findings that one in six workers experience some form of mental health problems, a potential avenue to deliver mental health interventions as stepped care models is through the workplace. This study aims to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of a digital cognitive behavioural therapy (dCBT) for depression and anxiety for employees in the workplace.
Methods: Mixed-methods evaluation of employees allocated to dCBT (n=25) or a waitlist control group (n=27) assessed against five feasibility objectives related to recruitment of employers and employees, engagement, study procedure and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. Quantitative outcome measures and qualitative interviews at 8 weeks post-randomisation were used. Quantitative outcomes were also assessed within subject at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Qualitative data was assessed using thematic and framework analysis in Nvivo, whilst quantitative outcomes were analysed using mixed effect linear models between and within subject in R and SPSS.
Results: 33 businesses agreed to facilitate the delivery of three trials run by the University of Warwick in their workplaces. 52 participants consented into the REST trial. Adherence/usage of participants of the treatment platform was just over 50% across the whole sample. There was a reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms post-intervention and at follow-up timepoints across all participants and over time although there was no statistically significant between group differences. High acceptability and satisfaction were reported by participants with the intervention based on qualitative interview data at post-intervention.
Conclusions: Results from this feasibility study suggests that the dCBT programme (REST) was acceptable and shows preliminary treatment efficacy for depression and anxiety. Recruitment of participants and engagement with the intervention made the feasibility of the delivery somewhat challenging. With better operational infrastructure in place to promote recruitment and engagement, as well as implementing the learnings from the feasibility trial, a fully powered study will inform the efficacy of the REST intervention.
Trial registration number:ISRCTN31161020 (registered on 08/06/2021).
ED50 of Ciprofol Combined with Sufentanil for Fiber Bronchoscopy of Different Patient Populations with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Pan Min , Liu Weidong , Zhang Zhixin , Li Tong , Xie Weibin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Backgroud: Ciprofol is a promising sedative. At present, there were few clinical studies on the median effective dose (ED50) of ciprofol. The aim of this study was to compare the ED50 of ciprofol for fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients of different genders and ages.
Methods：TB patients who underwent bronchoscopy examination and treatment at The Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou between May 2023 and June 2023 were selected, and divided into four groups according to stratified random method: Group N1 (non-elderly male patients), Group N2 (non-elderly female patients), Group N3 (elderly male patients), and Group N4 (elderly female patients). All patients received intravenous injection of 0.15 μg/kg sufentanil followed by injection of the test dose of ciprofol according to Dixon’s modified sequential method. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed after the disappearance of the eyelash reflex. The initial dose of ciprofol in all four groups of TB patients was 0.4 mg/kg, and the ratio of adjacent doses was 1:1.1. The next patient received a 10% increase in the dose of ciprofol if the patient in the same group experienced positive reactions such as choking cough, frowning, and body movements during the endoscopy process. Otherwise, it was judged as a negative reaction, and the next patient received a 10% decrease in the dose of ciprofol. The transition from a positive reaction to a negative reaction was defined as a turning point, and the study of the group was terminated when seven turning points occurred. Hemodynamic parameters, oxygen saturation and adverse reactions were recorded at different time points in all groups. The Probit regression analysis method was used to calculate the ED50 of ciprofol in the four groups and compare between the groups.
Results: The ED50 of ciprofol combined with 0.15 μg/kg sufentanil for bronchoscopy in the four groups were 0.465 mg/kg, 0.433 mg/kg, 0.420 mg/kg and 0.396 mg/kg, respectively. The ED50 of ciprofol in the Group N1 was significantly higher compared with the Group N2 and Group N3 (p<0.05). The ED50 of ciprofol in the Group N4 was significantly lower compared with the Group N2 and Group N3 (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The ED50 of ciprofol used for fiber bronchoscopy in patients with TB of different genders and ages was different.
Trial registration: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2300071508, Registered on 17 May 2023.