bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PS-BPC11-9: ADMA/SDMA RATIO AND ITS RELATIONS TO URIC ACID AND ALBUMIN IN CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Praptini Mirna Nurasri , Hustrini Ni Made , Marbun Maruhum Bonar , Yaruntradhani Rizki 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA), rarely reported together, are markers of endothel dysfunction and kidney function. ADMA was inversely related to albumin, while SDMA was positively correlated to albumin. Meanwhile, uric acid was positively correlated to both SDMA and ADMA. By using ADMA and SDMA as ratio, we postulated that their ratio can more precisely predict activity dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), a key enzyme that metabolized ADMA, and not SDMA, and can be used as marker of NO activity. Low NO activity is related to high vascular tonus and peripheral resistance, hypertension and low Sodium excretion and cardiac output.

Method:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in adults underwent chronic Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. Uric acid, albumin, ADMA and SDMA levels were measured at the same time patients controlled to outpatient clinic after washout from hyperuricemia drug for 2 to 4 weeks. Analysis performed using Pearson for normal distribution data, Spearman for nonparametric analysis and linier regression test and ROC curve with SPSS v20.

Results and Discussion:
Total of 55 subjects (83%) were included, male 63.6%, mean age of 40.71 ± 14,4 year old. Median of CAPD use was 27 months. Causes of CKD were glomerulonephritis (47.3%), diabetes mellitus (25.5%), hypertension (25.5%) and polycystic kidney disease (1.8%). At the time of research, 90.9%, were uncontrolled hypertension patients. Median level of UA was 7.30 ± 1.59 mg/dl and 60% had UA levels of 7 mg/dl or higher. Albumin level lower than 3.5 g/dl (mean 3.55 ± 0.49 g/dl) were 24 patients (43.6%). Median ADMA level was 87.5 ± 16.64 ng/ml and SDMA level was 633.73 ± 231.54 ng/mL. Median ADMA/SDMA ratio was 0.13 + 0,08 ng/ml. ADMA, SDMA, ADMA/SDMA ratio were correlated with uric acid with p = 0.027 (95%CI 0.175–0.471), p < 0.001 (95%CI 0.688–0.928) and p < 0.001 (95%CI -14,96 to -5,03) with sensitivity and specificity 91% and 95%, 97% and 68% and 79% and 96%, respectively. ADMA, SDMA, ADMA/SDMA ratio were not statistically significantly correlated with albumin with p = 0.26, p = 0.14 and p = 0.23, respectively. Albumin level was caused by many factors that are not in the scope of this research, this might explain this result.

Conclusion:
ADMA/SDMA ratio had comparable sensitivity and specificity to ADMA or SDMA alone when correlated with uric acid in CAPD patients. Albumin might not correlated with ADMA, SDMA, or ADMA/SDMA ratio in CAPD patients.
PS-BPC12-1: AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN ALCOHOL INTAKE AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, PRESSURE WAVE REFLECTION, AND INFLAMMATION IN MALE EMPLOYEES
Authors: Takahashi Takamichi , Shiina Kazuki , Nakano Hiroki , Fujii Masatune , Iwasaki Yoichi , Matumoto Chisa , Yamashina Akira , Chikamori Taishiro , Tomiyama Hirofumi 
Published: January 2023

Backgrounds:
The effect of alcohol intake on arterial stiffness related to macro-vascular damage, pressure wave reflection related to both macro- and micro- vascular damages and inflammation have not been fully concluded.

Aims:
In the present longitudinal observational study, which conducted in annually repeated measurements data, mixed model analyses were applied to examine the difference of longitudinal associations of amount of alcohol intake (i.e., non, mild, moderate and heavy) with arterial stiffness, pressure wave reflection and inflammation.

Methods:
In 4016 middle-aged (43 ± 9 years) healthy Japanese men without cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the study baseline, alcohol intake, which obtained by questionnaire, risk factors for CVD, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (brachial-ankle PWV), radial augmentation index (rAI), and serum C-reactive protein levels (CRP) were measured annually during a 9-year study period.

Results:
In this repeated measurements data, mix model linear regression analyses demonstrated that alcohol intake had a significant longitudinal association with brachial-ankle PWV and rAI in dose-dependent manner {i.e., non, Mild (1–10 g/day), Moderate (10–30 g/day) and heavy (Over 30 g/day) ethanol intake} (Figure). When baPWV was included as a covariate, the association of alcohol intake with rAI was significant. On the other hand, the serum CRP levels were significantly lower in mild to moderate alcohol intake groups as compared to other groups (i.e., U-shaped) (Figure).

Conclusion:
The amount of alcohol intake may have longitudinal linear association with increased arterial stiffness and abnormal pressure wave reflection, but it may have a U-shaped relationship with inflammation reflected by serum CRP levels. Thus, the alcohol intake may longitudinally affect both macro- and micro- vascular damages in a linear dose-dependent manner without mediating inflammation.
PS-BPC12-2: EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SINGLE-PILL COMBINATION OF OLOMAX&ACIRC; (OLMESARTAN, AMLODIPINE, AND ROSUVASTATIN) IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH LOW-TO-MODERATE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: Kim Byung Jin , Cha Kwang Soo , Cho Wook Hyun , Kim Eung Ju , Chae In Ho , Choi Seung Hyuk , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Sang Hyun , Park Jun Bean , Park Seong Mi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Of the ten hypertensive patients who have to take statins in Korea, about two are not actually prescribed. The use of polypills including lipid-lowering and blood pressure (BP)-lowering drug improves medication adherence, and consequently ameliorates in cardiovascular risk levels. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-pill triple-combination of olmesartan/amlodipine/rosuvastatin (OLOMAX®) in comparison to single-pill dual-combination of olmesartan/amlodipine (SEVIKAR®) in hypertensive patients with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk.

Design and method:
This multicenter, active-control, randomized study included 106 hypertensive patients with low-to-intermediate cardiovascular risk, who were randomly assigned to receive either OLOMAX®(20/5/5 mg, treatment 1), OLOMAX®(20/5/10 mg, treatment 2), or SEVIKAR®(20/5 mg, control) once daily for 8 weeks. The low and moderate cardiovascular risk groups were defined according to the definition of the 4th Korean dyslipidemia treatment guidelines. Primary endpoint was assessed as the difference of the percent change of LDL-C(low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) level at 8 weeks from baseline among the three groups.

Results:
The difference in the least square mean % change of LDL-C in the treatment 1 and 2 groups compared to the control group at 8 weeks was -32.6 ± 3.7% and -45.9 ± 3.3%, respectively (all p < 0.001). There was significant difference in the achievement rate of LDL-C levels < 100 mg/dL at 8 weeks between the three groups (65.8% for the treatment 1 group, 86.7% for the treatment 2 group, and 6.25% for the control group, p < 0.001). The results of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 showed the superiority in the treatment 1 and 2 groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic BPs and diabetes-related variables including fasting glucose, fructosamine, and hemoglobinA1c at 8 weeks between the three groups. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) developed only 1 case (constipation) in the treatment 1 group and serious ADR did not occur in the three groups. Medication adherence rates were highly excellent in the three groups (98.0% for the treatment 1 group, 99.7% for the treatment 2 group, and 96.3% for the control group, p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Single-pill triple-combination of olmesartan/amlodipine/rosuvastatin were superior to single-pill dual-combination of olmesartan/amlodipine in LDL-C lowering effect, with similar BP reduction effects and excellent safety profiles in hypertensive patients with low to moderate cardiovascular risk.
PS-BPP01-2: ASSOCIATIONS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN WITH BRAIN STRUCTURAL CHANGES AMONG JAPANESE MEN
Authors: Azahar Nazar Mohd , Yano Yuichiro , Kadota Aya , Shiino Akihiko , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Torii Sayuki , Segawa Hiroyoshi , Hisamatsu Takashi , Fujiyoshi Akira , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Tooyama Ikuo , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Miura Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To assess whether arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden are each independently associated with brain structural changes (i.e., volume and vascular damage) among healthy Japanese men.

Design and method:
Healthy Japanese men (n = 853) aged 46–83 years participated in the examination of the Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis II (SESSA II), and underwent assessments of arterial stiffness using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and of atherosclerotic burden using coronary artery calcification (CAC) between 2010–2014. Of 853 men, 740 underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2012 and 2015, and brain volumes (i.e., total brain volume, gray matter, Alzheimer disease [AD] signature and prefrontal) and white matter lesion volume (WMLV, reflecting cerebral small vessel disease) were assessed.

Results:
We excluded 54 participants with history of stroke and myocardial infarction at SESSA II, leaving a final sample size of 686 for analyses. After multivariable adjustment including age and blood pressure (see footnote in Table), higher baPWV was associated with lower volumes of AD signature and of hippocampus volume (see Table). Higher CAC score was associated with greater WMLV (ml). Both baPWV and CAC were entered into a same model, higher baPWV was associated with lower volumes of AD signature, and higher CAC score was associated with greater WMLV.

Conclusions:
Among general Japanese men, higher arterial stiffness was associated with lower brain volumes related to cognition. Higher CAC score was associated with greater vascular damage. Arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden may each independently link to brain structural changes among healthy Japanese men.

Keywords:
Arterial stiffness; coronary artery calcification; brain volume; Alzheimer disease; atherosclerosis
PS-BPP02-5: COMPARISON OF OPPORTUNISTIC VS SURVEY-BASED POPULATION ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN 14 COUNTRIES
Authors: Razo Christian , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Schutte Aletta E , Legrand Kate E , Johnson Catherine O , Roth Gregory A 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
We sought to compare the proportion of individuals with hypertension obtained from the large-scale May Measurement Month (MMM) opportunistic screening program with those from the population-based household STEPwise Approach to Non-communicable Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) surveys in 14 countries.

Design:
The MMM program was first implemented in 20117 by the International Society of Hypertension in 92 countries to improve detection and awareness of elevated blood pressure (BP). The STEPS surveys are cross-sectional household surveys developed by the World Health Organization to track non-communicable risk factors in more than 115 countries.

Methods:
Up to three BP readings were obtained by MMM and STEPS. The average of the second and third BP readings was used to compare the proportion of individuals with hypertension (systolic BP > = 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP > = 90 or on drug treatment for raised BP) from the MMM 2017–2019 with the prevalence estimates of hypertension from STEPS 2013–2019 by sex and age among adults (> 18 years) across 14 countries (Figure). Countries were selected if data with a maximum 5-year overlap among sources was available and if MMM sample size was > 10,000 observations. Prevalence estimates were paired based on age, sex, and year. Chi-squared tests with alpha of 0.05 were used to test comparisons.

Results:
In total, 211,852 individuals aged at least 30 years across 14 countries over 3 years (2017–2019) were screened by the MMM program. STEPS surveyed 48,300 adults in 14 countries over 7 years, representing 252,095,678 individuals.
Based on MMM, the proportion of females with hypertension across countries (all ages) ranged from 13.2% in United Arab Emirates to 34.9% in Algeria while in males ranged from 45% in Armenia to 22.8% in Ecuador. STEPS hypertension prevalence in females and males, ranged from 41.2% and 42.1%, in Kyrgyzstan to 10.5% and 17.1% in Ecuador, respectively. Countries where prevalence was most similar were Botswana and Kenya. Countries where MMM estimates were higher than STEPS were Mongolia and Malawi. STEPS reported higher estimates than MMM in Kyrgyzstan. Differences on the prevalence of hypertension across surveys showed heterogeneous variation by age, sex, and country (Figure).

Conclusion:
Hypertension prevalence varies between opportunistically screened MMM and systematically sampled STEPS populations. However, given the high prevalence of hypertension worldwide and the lack of routine health examination surveys in most countries, screening efforts, such as MMM, could be helpful in approximating the population prevalence of hypertension in specific subgroups and to raise hypertension awareness, treatment, and control.
PS-BPP03-6: HIGHER ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH SILENT CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE IRRESPECTIVE OF BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Miyagi Tomo , Ishida Akio , Ohya Yusuke 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Arterial stiffness and hypertension are important risk factors for cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD). Arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is closely related with hypertension. Higher PWV represents an organ damage from hypertension. However, there are hypertensive patients with lower PWV and non-hypertensive subjects with higher PWV in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of PWV on CSVD in non-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals.

Design and method:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 1894 stroke-free participants who underwent a brain magnetic resonance imaging and brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) at a health checkup between 2013 and 2020. baPWV were measured using an automatic oscillometric device. The presence of CSVD, including white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, silent lacunar infarcts, and dilated periventricular spaces, were determined by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to blood pressure (BP, 120/80 mmHg) and baPWV (14.63 m/s, a cutoff value that predicted the presence of CSVD).

Results:
The mean age was 57 years (41% women). The prevalence of CSVD was 718 (38%), and it was higher in low BP with high baPWV group (56%) and high BP with high baPWV group (55%) compared to high BP with low baPWV group (24%) and low BP with low baPWV group (22%). Both low BP with high baPWV group (odds ratio 1.89; 95% CI, 1.00–3.56) and high BP with high baPWV group (odds ratio 2.12; 95% CI, 1.41–3.21), but not high BP with low baPWV group (odds ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.76–1.86), had significantly higher odds ratio for the presence of CSVD compared with low BP with low baPWV group, after adjustment for age, sex, and other conventional risk factors, and use of any agents for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.

Conclusions:
Individuals with high baPWV had higher prevalence of CSVD, irrespective of BP status. It is likely that higher arterial stiffness is an important risk for CSVD in stroke-free healthy populations.
PS-BPP04-2: GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF HYPERTENSION IN CANADIAN POPULATION
Authors: Leroux Denis , Cloutier Lyne 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
A quarter of the population is affected by hypertension in Canada and, around the world, it is the second most common conditions for consultation in primary care. Substantial improvement has been achieved in HTN control in Canada over the past twenty-five years. However, as noted in many studies, disparities associated with factors like sex, ethnicity, home location and health care access remain. Reliable information about trends in hypertension is needed at national and regional scale for the development of health policies and programs. Health geography and geographic information systems can provide a better understanding of the distribution HTN and its risk factors by detecting clusters using spatial analysis and mapping rates of HTN. The objectives of the study were to identify health regions with significantly high or low HTN rate using geostatistics and compare evolution from 2005 to 2015 and 2015 to 2019. It also seeks out to identify their populations characteristics using conventional statistical analysis. Canadian Community Health Survey (2005, 2015 & 2019) data were used for the analysis.

Design and Method:
Canadian Community Health Survey CCHS (2005, 2015, 2019) data were used for the analysis. The 130,000 respondents representing the whole population are located according to health regions and data can be analyzed using a geographic information system. Using age and gender as subdividing criteria for subgroups creation, we applied Moran I spatial autocorrelation analysis and Getis-Ord hot spot/cold analysis to identify geographically contiguous health regions with high or low HBP rates. We then extracted the records in CCHS database for all respondents living in these regions for further statistical analysis.

Results and Conclusion:
HTN is still a major problem in Canadian population, especially for people aged 65 years and older although 72.9% considered themselves in good, very good or excellent health in 2015. Increase in HTN rate in health regions is spread all over Canada, although some regions showed a decrease in HTN rate. Getis-ord analysis located a cold spot region in western Canada while a hot spot was located in Ontario, central Canada. Cluster of health regions with high HTN rates shows more diabetes and more obese people even though 38.4% declared being in good, very good or excellent health. In final conclusion, this approach could also be used in other countries seeking a better understanding of socio-demographic and geographic factors affecting hypertension rate in the country.
PS-BPP04-3: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN URINARY NA/K RATIO AND CHANGES IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND ALBUMINURIA OVER 10 YEARS IN A GENERAL POPULATION
Authors: Fukami Ako , Adachi Hisashi , Enomoto Mika , Nohara Yume , Morikawa Nagisa , Sakaue Akiko , Yamamoto Maki , Sato Hiromi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Preservation of cognitive function is an important issue in extending healthy life expectancy in an aging society. To elucidate factors associated with changes in cognitive function over a 10-year period in a general population.

Design and method:
A total of 984 subjects (381 males, 603 females, mean age 62.4 years) underwent a physical examination, blood test, urinalysis and the mini-mental state examination as an evaluation of cognitive function in 2009 and 2018. After excluding subjects with diabetes at baseline, the remaining subjects were followed-up 10 years later. Complete data sets were available from 890 subjects (330 males, 560 females, mean age 62.4 years) for prospective analysis. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with changes in cognitive function and albuminuria after 10 years.

Results:
The logistic regression analysis revealed that the age (OR 1.11; 95%C.I: 1.08–1.14, p < 0.0001), sex (male, OR 0.59; 95%C.I: 0.38–0.91,P < 0.05), HbA1c (OR 2.18; 95%C.I: 1.13–4.23, P < 0.05), hs-CRP (OR 1.22; 95%C.I: 1.03–1.46, P < 0.05), and albuminuria(OR 1.48; 95%C.I: 1.19–1.83, p < 0.001) were associated with cognitive decline over 10 years. The age (OR 1.11; 95% C.I: 1.08–1.14, p < 0.0001) and albuminuria (OR 1.26; 95%C.I: 1.01–1.59, p < 0.05) were independently correlated to cognitive decline in stepwise logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, the age (OR 1.01; 95%C.I: 1.05–1.12, p < 0.0001), uric acid (OR 1.36; 95%C.I: 1.15–1.62, p < 0.001), insulin (OR 1.48; 95%C.I: 1.01–2.04, p < 0.05) and urinary Na/K ratio (OR 1.14; 95%C.I: 1.05–1.25, p < 0.01) were independently related to the progression of albuminuria over 10 years in stepwise logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions:
Urinary albuminuria and age were independently associated with 10-year cognitive decline, and urinary Na/K ratio was independently associated with progression of urinary albuminuria. The urinary Na/K ratio may have important significance in cognitive decline.
PS-BPP04-4: NOVEL ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES FOR SCREENING OF HYPERTENSION IN COMMUNITY
Authors: Patil Vishal , Patil Mansi 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
To investigate the relationship between height, waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) and hypertension, and to predict them as markers of hypertension development.

Materials and Methods:
In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 635 subjects were involved in the study. Study was conducted from June 2019 to July 2020. Height to Waist Ratio (HtWR), Arav Body Index (ABI), Waist to Thigh Ratio (WTR) and Wrist to Arm Ratio (WAR) was compared to common existing markers such as Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Results:
There were 750 people in all, with 38 percent (n = 285) males and 62 percent (n = 465) females. In this study, 44 percent (n = 330) of the participants were not hypertensive, but 52.1 percent (n = 420) were. In males, the Area Under Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) of HtWR (0.677) and Inverse ABI (0.611) were superior to other anthropometric markers for predicting the development of hypertension, while in females, the Waist to Thigh Ratio (0.669) was superior. WTR cut-off values for females are 1.55, while HtWR and Inverse ABI cut-off values for males are 2.3 and 2.84, respectively.

Conclusion:
In males, the height to waist ratio and inverse ABI were more reliable markers for predicting the development of hypertension, but in females, the WTR was more trustworthy.