bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly supervised deep learning to predict recurrence in low-grade endometrial cancer from multiplexed immunofluorescence images
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Daniel , López-Janeiro Álvaro , Villalba-Esparza María , Ariz Mikel , Kadioglu Ece , Masetto Ivan , Goubert Virginie , Lozano Maria D. , Melero Ignacio , Hardisson David , Ortiz-de-Solórzano Carlos , de Andrea Carlos E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPredicting recurrence in low-grade, early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) is both challenging and clinically relevant. We present a weakly-supervised deep learning framework, NaroNet, that can learn, without manual expert annotation, the complex tumor-immune interrelations at three levels: local phenotypes, cellular neighborhoods, and tissue areas. It uses multiplexed immunofluorescence for the simultaneous visualization and quantification of CD68 + macrophages, CD8 + T cells, FOXP3 + regulatory T cells, PD-L1/PD-1 protein expression, and tumor cells. We used 489 tumor cores from 250 patients to train a multilevel deep-learning model to predict tumor recurrence. Using a tenfold cross-validation strategy, our model achieved an area under the curve of 0.90 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.83–0.95. Our model predictions resulted in concordance for 96,8% of cases (κ = 0.88). This method could accurately assess the risk of recurrence in EC, outperforming current prognostic factors, including molecular subtyping.
Common multi-day rhythms in smartphone behavior
Authors: Ceolini Enea , Ghosh Arko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe idea that abnormal human activities follow multi-day rhythms is found in ancient beliefs on the moon to modern clinical observations in epilepsy and mood disorders. To explore multi-day rhythms in healthy human behavior our analysis includes over 300 million smartphone touchscreen interactions logging up to 2 years of day-to-day activities (N401 subjects). At the level of each individual, we find a complex expression of multi-day rhythms where the rhythms occur scattered across diverse smartphone behaviors. With non-negative matrix factorization, we extract the scattered rhythms to reveal periods ranging from 7 to 52 days – cutting across age and gender. The rhythms are likely free-running – instead of being ubiquitously driven by the moon – as they did not show broad population-level synchronization even though the sampled population lived in northern Europe. We propose that multi-day rhythms are a common trait, but their consequences are uniquely experienced in day-to-day behavior.
Comparative analysis of transferrin and IgG N-glycosylation in two human populations
Authors: Trbojević-Akmačić Irena , Vučković Frano , Pribić Tea , Vilaj Marija , Černigoj Urh , Vidič Jana , Šimunović Jelena , Kępka Agnieszka , Kolčić Ivana , Klarić Lucija , Novokmet Mislav , Pučić-Baković Maja , Rapp Erdmann , Štrancar Aleš , Polašek Ozren , Wilson James F. , Lauc Gordan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHuman plasma transferrin (Tf) N-glycosylation has been mostly studied as a marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation, alcohol abuse, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, inter-individual variability of Tf N-glycosylation is not known, mainly due to technical limitations of Tf isolation in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly specific robust high-throughput approach for Tf purification from human blood plasma and detailed characterization of Tf N-glycosylation on the level of released glycans by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based on hydrophilic interactions and fluorescence detection (HILIC-UHPLC-FLD), exoglycosidase sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We perform a large-scale comparative study of Tf and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation analysis in two human populations and demonstrate that Tf N-glycosylation is associated with age and sex, along with multiple biochemical and physiological traits. Observed association patterns differ compared to the IgG N-glycome corroborating tissue-specific N-glycosylation and specific N-glycans’ role in their distinct physiological functions.
A naturally occurring mini-alanyl-tRNA synthetase
Authors: Antika Titi Rindi , Chrestella Dea Jolie , Tseng Yi-Kuan , Yeh Yi-Hung , Hsiao Chwan-Deng , Wang Chien-Chia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) retains a conserved prototype structure throughout its biology, consisting of catalytic, tRNA-recognition, editing, and C-Ala domains. The catalytic and tRNA-recognition domains catalyze aminoacylation, the editing domain hydrolyzes mischarged tRNAAla, and C-Ala―the major tRNA-binding module―targets the elbow of the L-shaped tRNAAla. Interestingly, a mini-AlaRS lacking the editing and C-Ala domains is recovered from the Tupanvirus of the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. Here we show that Tupanvirus AlaRS (TuAlaRS) is phylogenetically related to its host’s AlaRS. Despite lacking the conserved amino acid residues responsible for recognition of the identity element of tRNAAla (G3:U70), TuAlaRS still specifically recognized G3:U70-containing tRNAAla. In addition, despite lacking C-Ala, TuAlaRS robustly binds and charges microAla (an RNA substrate corresponding to the acceptor stem of tRNAAla) as well as tRNAAla, indicating that TuAlaRS exclusively targets the acceptor stem. Moreover, this mini-AlaRS could functionally substitute for yeast AlaRS in vivo. This study suggests that TuAlaRS has developed a new tRNA-binding mode to compensate for the loss of C-Ala.
Frequency chirped Fourier-Transform spectroscopy
Authors: Markmann Sergej , Franckié Martin , Bertrand Mathieu , Shahmohammadi Mehran , Forrer Andres , Jouy Pierre , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme , Scalari Giacomo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFast (sub-second) spectroscopy with high spectral resolution is of vital importance for revealing quantum chemistry kinetics of complex chemical and biological reactions. Fourier transform (FT) spectrometers can achieve high spectral resolution and operate at hundreds of ms time scales in rapid-scan mode. However, the linear translation of a scanning mirror imposes stringent time-resolution limitations to these systems, which makes simultaneous high spectral and temporal resolution very difficult. Here, we demonstrate an FT spectrometer whose operational principle is based on continuous rotational motion of the scanning mirror, effectively decoupling the spectral resolution from the temporal one. Furthermore, we show that such rotational FT spectrometer can perform Mid-IR dual-comb spectroscopy with a single comb source, since the Doppler-shifted version of the comb serves as the second comb. In our realization, we combine the advantages of dual-comb and FT spectroscopy using a single quantum cascade laser frequency comb emitting at 8.2 μm as a light source. Our technique does not require any diffractive or dispersive optical elements and hence preserve the Jacquinot’s-, Fellgett’s-, and Connes’-advantages of FT spectrometers. By integrating mulitple broadband sources, such system could pave the way for applications where high speed, large optical bandwidth, and high spectral resolution are desired.
A gradual change is more likely to have caused the Mid-Pleistocene Transition than an abrupt event
Authors: Legrain Etienne , Parrenin Frédéric , Capron Emilie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Mid-Pleistocene Transition (~1.2–0.8 million years) corresponds to a time interval when high-amplitude ~100,000 years glacial–interglacial cycles replaced the more subdued ~40,000 years glacial–interglacial cycles. Whether it was triggered by physical processes affecting the climate system at a specific time interval or more gradually over the course of the Pleistocene, is still an open question. Here we use an original approach based on conceptual modelling to identify the temporal structure of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition controlling factors. By comparing our new simulations of global ice volume changes with existing paleo-reconstructions over the past 2 million years, we find that it is more relevant to simulate the Mid-Pleistocene Transition with a gradual-rather-than-abrupt change in the climate system. Our results support the hypothesis that a progressive decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the Pleistocene played a key role in triggering this major climatic transition.
Lungenkontusion nach Sprung ins Wasser
Authors: Garhy Mohamed , Arndt Stefan , Haasler Edgar , Krobath-Brandstätter Marcus , Schönhofer Bernd 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zu Lungenkontusionen kommt es häufig im Rahmen von Polytraumata, aber deutlich seltener bei Sportverletzungen.
Fallbeschreibung Wir berichten über einen 22-jährigen Patienten,
der sich fußläufig in unserer Notaufnahme vorstellte. Er war am selben Tag im Schwimmbad von
einem 10-Meter-Turm gesprungen und dabei mit dem ventralen Thorax und Abdomen auf die
Wasseroberfläche geschlagen. Unmittelbar danach kam es zu rechtsthorakalen Schmerzen und
Hämoptysen.Der körperliche Untersuchungsbefund blieb ohne weitere Auffälligkeiten. Im Röntgenthorax in 2 Ebenen ergab sich ebenfalls kein eindeutig pathologsicher Befund.Das Computertomogramm des Thorax mit Kontrastmittel wies eine inhomogene Verdichtung im
Mittellappen und geringer im ventrobasalen Oberlappen rechts auf, passend zur Lungenkontusion
mit Parenchymblutungen. Zusätzlich zeigte sich ein minimaler Pneumothoraxsaum rechts
parakardial.In der am selben Tag durchgeführten Bronchoskopie wurden im Mittellappenbronchus geringe Mengen Blut nachgewiesen.Die Hämoptysen sistierten spontan. Am dritten Tag des stationären Aufenthaltes wurde der Patient asymptomatisch und mit stabilen Vitalparametern entlassen.
Schlussfolgerung Infolge einer Lungenkontusion kann es unmittelbar nach einer Thoraxverletzung im sportlichen Umfeld zu Hämoptysen kommen. Im Gegensatz zum konventionellen Röntgen-Thorax kommt der Computertomografie in der Diagnostik der Lungenkontusion ein hoher Stellenwert zu. Meistens sind die o.g. Befunde spontan reversibel.
Effect of blade chord length on startup performance of H-type tidal current turbine rotor
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Kang Can , Zhang Yongchao , Kim Hyoung-Bum , Jin Feng 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to reveal the effect of the blade chord length on the startup performance of the lift rotor that converts the kinetic energy of tidal currents. The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to simulate unsteady flows around the rotor. The six degrees of freedom method was adopted to model the correlation between the rotational speed of the rotor and influential torques acting on the rotor. A comparative analysis of transient flows, rotational speed, and output torque was implemented at different initial azimuthal angles. The results show that as the rotor starts up at the minimum torque, the time required to attain the maximum rotational speed is longer than that associated with the maximum torque. As the maximum rotational speed is reached, low-pressure elements are produced in the area enclosed by the rotor blades, which is insensitive to the initial setting angle. A large area of low pressure is responsible for low output torque. During the startup process, the rotational speed experiences stages of sharp increase, fluctuating decrease, and moderate fluctuation, as is common at different blade chord lengths. As the chord length increases from 0.16 to 0.24 m, the startup process is extended by 0.63 s, and the average rotational speed in the stabilization stage decreases.
Temperature-dependent electrical transport, Hall effect, and Seebeck properties of bulk chemically reduced graphene oxide with bipolar charge carrier materials
Authors: Maneesai Keerati , Silakaew Kanyapak , Khammahong Sunisar , Phrompet Chaiwat , Sriwong Chaval , Thanachayanont Chanchana , Ruttanapun Chesta 
Published: March 2023

The temperature-dependent electrical transport, Hall effect, and Seebeck properties of bulk-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by a chemical reduction process were investigated in a temperature range of 310–475 K. The bulk rGO contained bipolar charge carriers with p-type to n-type switching at a temperature of 420 K. The materials illustrated a p-type characteristic in the temperature range of 310–420 K and n-type characteristic in the temperature range of 420–475 K. The charge transport mechanism was that of the graphene-derived 2D material in the p-type regime and governed by polaronic charge carriers.
Defining catchment boundaries and their populations for Aotearoa New Zealand’s rural hospitals
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Blattner Katharina , Miller Rory , Crengle Sue , Ram Stephen , Walker Xaviour , Nixon Garry 
Published: March 2023

Introduction There is considerable variation in the structure and resources of New Zealand (NZ) rural hospitals; however, these have not been recently quantified and their effects on healthcare outcomes are poorly understood. Importantly, there is no standardised description of each rural hospital’s catchment boundary and the characteristics of the population living within this area. Aim To define and describe a catchment population for each of New Zealand’s rural hospitals. Methods An exploratory approach to developing catchments was employed. Geographic Information Systems were used to develop drive-time-based geographic catchments, and administrative health data (National Minimum Data Set and Primary Health Organisation Data Set) informed service utilisation-based catchments. Catchments were defined at both the Statistical Area 2 (SA2) and domicile levels, and linked to census-based population data, the Geographic Classification for Health, and the area-level New Zealand Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (NZDep2018). Results Our results highlight considerable heterogeneity in the size (max: 57 564, min: 5226) and characteristics of populations served by rural hospitals. Substantial differences in the age structure, ethnic composition, socio-economic profile, ‘remoteness’ and projected future populations, are noted. Discussion In providing a standardised description of each rural hospital’s catchment boundary and its population characteristics, the considerable heterogeneity of the communities served by rural hospitals, both in size, rurality and socio-demographic characteristics, is highlighted. The findings provide a platform on which to build further research regarding NZ’s rural hospitals and inform the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective and equitable health care for people living in rural NZ.
Generating dual-active species by triple-atom sites through peroxymonosulfate activation for treating micropollutants in complex water
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Song Chunlin , Wang Pengfei , Zhao Zhiyong , Li Yi , Zhan Sihui 
Published: March 2023

The peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-triggered radical and nonradical active species can synergistically guarantee selectively removing micropollutants in complex wastewater; however, realizing this on heterogeneous metal-based catalysts with single active sites remains challenging due to insufficient electron cycle. Herein, we design asymmetric Co–O–Bi triple-atom sites in Co-doped Bi
2
O
2
CO
3
to facilitate PMS oxidation and reduction simultaneously by enhancing the electron transfer between the active sites. We propose that the asymmetric Co–O–Bi sites result in an electron density increase in the Bi sites and decrease in the Co sites, thereby PMS undergoes a reduction reaction to generate SO
4
•-
and •OH at the Bi site and an oxidation reaction to generate
1
O
2
at the Co site. We suggest that the synergistic effect of SO
4
•-
, •OH, and
1
O
2
enables efficient removal and mineralization of micropollutants without interference from organic and inorganic compounds under the environmental background. As a result, the Co-doped Bi
2
O
2
CO
3
achieves almost 99.3% sulfamethoxazole degradation in 3 min with a k-value as high as 82.95 min
−1
M
−1
, which is superior to the existing catalysts reported so far. This work provides a structural regulation of the active sites approach to control the catalytic function, which will guide the rational design of Fenton-like catalysts.
Halal Slaughter of Cattle: To Stun or Not to Stun?
Authors: Fuseini Awal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The rules governing halal slaughter are derived from the Quran, Hadith and Sunnah. These rules stipulate that at the time of neck cutting and exsanguination, animals must be alive. As a result, many practicing Muslims do not accept pre-slaughter stunning because they believe it can result in the death of animals before bleeding. Those who accept stunning insist that it must be none-lethal, electrical head-only stunning is the only method that has been scientifically validated to be fully reversible (non-lethal). Due to its full reversibility, electrical head-only stunning is widely used and accepted for the halal slaughter of small ruminants (i.e., sheep and goats), however, it is not widely approved for the slaughter of cattle. This is due to the size of cattle and the bone structure of their heads, electrical head-only stunning in cattle induces a relatively short duration of unconsciousness which presents a risk of cattle recovering during the period they are bled out. Animals will experience the pain of the neck cut if they recover from consciousness during bleeding (due to the short duration of unconsciousness). Due to this animal welfare concern, most cattle are stunned with a penetrative captive bolt, this is, however, not fully reversible, hence many Muslims do not recognise it as a halal-compliant method of stunning.
Opponents of halal stunning hold a belief that all forms of stunning are inconsistent with the rules of halal meat production, while proponents interpret the rules to mean that stunning is permissible for halal slaughter on condition that animals remain alive prior to neck cutting and bleeding. This paper considers the main methods of stunning used for cattle and discusses the lack of acceptability of some methods of stunning and how this hinders the growth of the halal beef market. The paper further discusses ongoing research into developing animal welfare-friendly and halal compatible beef stunning methods.
Artificial magnetism for a harmonically trapped Fermi gas in a synthetic magnetic field
Authors: Biswas Shyamal , Ghosh Avijit , Majumder Soumyadeep 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have analytically explored the artificial magnetism for a 3D spin-polarized harmonically trapped ideal Fermi gas of electrically neutral particles exposed to a uniform synthetic magnetic field. Though polarization of the spin is necessary for trapping electrically neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap, Pauli paramagnetism can not be studied for the spin-polarized Fermi system. However, it is possible to study Landau diamagnetism and de Haas-van Alphen effect for such a system. We have unified the artificial Landau diamagnetism and the artificial de Haas-van Alphen effect in a single framework for all temperatures as well as for all possible magnitudes of the synthetic magnetic field in the thermodynamic limit. Our prediction is testable in the present-day experimental setup for ultracold fermionic atoms in magneto-optical trap.
Performance evaluation of the PennPET explorer with expanded axial coverage
Authors: Dai Bing , Daube-Witherspoon Margaret E , McDonald Stephen , Werner Matthew E , Parma Michael J , Geagan Michael J , Viswanath Varsha , Karp Joel S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. This work evaluated the updated PennPET Explorer total-body (TB) PET scanner, which was extended to 6 rings with updated readout firmware to achieve a 142 cm axial field of view (AFOV) without 7.6 cm inter-ring axial gaps. Approach. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2018 measurements were performed with modifications including longer phantoms for sensitivity and count-rate measurements and additional positions for spatial resolution and image quality. A long uniform phantom and the clinical trials network (CTN) phantom were also used. Main results. The total sensitivity increased to 140 kcps MBq−1 for a 70 cm line, a gain of 1.8x compared to the same system with axial gaps; an additional 47% increase in total counts was observed with a 142 cm line at the same activity per cm. The noise equivalent count rate (NECR) increased by 1.8x without axial gaps. The peak NECR is 1550 kcps at 25 kBq cc−1 for a 140 cm phantom; due to increased randoms, the NECR is lower than with a 70 cm phantom, for which NECR is 2156 kcps cc−1 at 25 kBq cc−1 and continues increasing. The time-of-flight resolution is 250 ps, increasing by <10 ps at the highest activity. The axial spatial resolution degrades by 0.6 mm near the center of the AFOV, compared to 4 mm resolution near the end. The NEMA image quality phantom showed consistent contrast recovery throughout the AFOV. A long uniform phantom demonstrated axial uniformity of uptake and noise, and the CTN phantom demonstrated quantitative accuracy for both 18F and 89Zr. Significance. The performance evaluation of the updated PennPET Explorer demonstrates significant gains compared to conventional scanners and shows where the current NEMA standard needs to be updated for TB-PET systems. The comparisons of systems with and without inter-ring gaps demonstrate the performance trade-offs of a more cost-effective TB-PET system with incomplete detector coverage.
Evaluation of an MRI linac magnetic isocenter walkout with gantry rotation in the presence of angle-specific corrections
Authors: Lotey Rajiv , Latifi Kujtim , Moros Eduardo G , Feygelman Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. To reduce the magnetic isocenter position variation with gantry rotation on an 0.35 T MRI-guided linac to a practically negligible level. Approach. Central fRequency (CF) offset, eddy current calibration, cross-term calibration, gradient delay, and gradient offsets are tuned for each MR linac installation at every 30° of gantry rotation and stored in a look-up table (LUT). During treatment, the CF is tuned only once in the beginning at an arbitrary gantry angle. After that, imaging paramters are offset based on the stored LUT values for any given gantry angle. Main results. For the same hardware configuration, the implementation of the gantry-angle-specific parameter corrections reduced the total isocenters range of travel in the transverse plane from 1.1 to 0.3 mm and from 0.8 to 0.2 mm in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. With the longitudinal shift always being negligible (≤0.2 mm), the radius of the sphere encompassing the isocenter locations was reduced from 0.6 to 0.2 mm. Geometric distortion improved as well; in particular, the gantry-angle-averaged maximum longitudinal distortion within a 35 cm diameter sphere was reduced from 1.4 to 0.8 mm. Since the CF is tuned only once during treatment, imaging may resume promptly after the gantry reaches the next target position. Significance. The MRI-guided linear accelerator was conceived primarily as an instrument for precision image-guided therapy. Thus, it is important to keep the treatment and imaging isocentres as close as possible while minimizing the geometric distortion. The described solution reduces the walkout of the imaging isocenter to a fraction of 1 mm, while keeping geometric distortion in a substantial volume below 1 mm. The approach is robust and does not increase the overall procedure time.