bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles and predictors of child neurodevelopment and anthropometry: The maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals study
Authors: Patti Marisa A , Kelsey Karl T , MacFarlane Amanda J , Papandonatos George D , Lanphear Bruce P , Braun Joseph M 
Published: January 2025

Background Evaluating individual health outcomes does not capture co-morbidities children experience. Purpose We aimed to describe profiles of child neurodevelopment and anthropometry and identify their predictors. Methods Using data from 501 mother-child pairs (age 3-years) in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a prospective cohort study, we developed phenotypic profiles by applying latent profile analysis to twelve neurodevelopmental and anthropometric traits. Using multinomial regression, we evaluated odds of phenotypic profiles based on maternal, sociodemographic, and child level characteristics. Results For neurodevelopmental outcomes, we identified three profiles characterized by Non-optimal (9%), Typical (49%), and Optimal neurodevelopment (42%). For anthropometric outcomes, we observed three profiles of Low (12%), Average (61%), and Excess Adiposity (27%). When examining joint profiles, few children had both Non-optimal neurodevelopment and Excess Adiposity (2%). Lower household income, lower birthweight, younger gestational age, decreased caregiving environment, greater maternal depressive symptoms, and male sex were associated with increased odds of being in the Non-optimal neurodevelopment profile. Higher pre-pregnancy body mass index was associated with increased odds of being in the Excess Adiposity profile. Conclusions Phenotypic profiles of child neurodevelopment and adiposity were associated with maternal, sociodemographic, and child level characteristics. Few children had both non-optimal neurodevelopment and excess adiposity.
Parent-Adolescent Communication, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Management of Type 1 Diabetes in Adolescents
Authors: Tuohy Ella , Gallagher Pamela , Rawdon Caroline , Murphy Nuala , McDonnell Ciara , Swallow Veronica , Lambert Veronica 
Published: January 2025

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent perspectives of parent-adolescent communication, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)-specific family conflict, self-efficacy, and their relationship to adolescent self-management of T1DM. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Adolescents completed measures of parent-adolescent communication, T1DM-specific family conflict, self-efficacy, and self-management, which included activation and division of responsibility for management tasks. Results Surveys were completed by 113 adolescents ages 11 to 17 years (mean age 13.85 years, SD 1.78) and living with T1DM for 6 months and longer. Hierarchical multiple regression sought to determine what variables make the most unique contribution to self-management of T1DM, division of family responsibility for management tasks, and activation. Self-efficacy was a significant predictor of division of family responsibility for T1DM management, patient activation, and all self-management subscales except collaboration with parents. Openness in parent-adolescent communication was a significant predictor of the diabetes communication and goals subscale of the self-management measure and activation. Problems in communication was a significant predictor of collaboration with parents and self-management goals. Conclusions These findings suggest that family context characteristics, particularly parent-adolescent communication, and self-efficacy are important for engagement with self-management for adolescents living with T1DM. Findings can inform future family-focused self-management interventions to improve T1DM outcomes for adolescents living with T1DM.
Professional Behavior in Sonographers: A Literature Review of Current Standards in the Profession From an Educator’s Perspective
Authors: Moody Robert C. 
Published: January 2025

Objective: Professional behaviors are integral elements in the definition of professionalism. Determining which of these behaviors meet professional standards and how they equate to professionalism in sonographers is critical for educators to prepare students for clinical experiences. Materials and Methods: A review of peer-reviewed literature and qualitative extraction explored professional behaviors in sonography. Professional standards published by organizations representing sonographers were also examined for professional behavior standards. Results: Two peer-reviewed studies were found that explored professional behaviors in sonographers. The existing professional performance guidelines focused on defining clinical competencies for successful diagnostic medical imaging and used only generalized descriptions of professional expectations related to communication, analytical skills, and ethics. Conclusion: Specific professional behaviors have rarely been identified in the existing literature, which limited this data extraction. Qualitative themes associated with professional behaviors in the literature included social conduct, appropriate appearance, and ethical conduct. More research is needed to assist educators in promoting professional behaviors.
Response surface methodology and repeated-batch fermentation strategies for enhancing lipid production from marine oleaginous Candida parapsilosis Y19 using orange peel waste
Authors: Matouk AbdAllah M. , Abu-Elreesh Gadallah M. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Ali , Desouky Said E. , Hashem Amr H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOleaginous yeasts are considered promising sources for lipid production due to their ability to accumulate high levels of lipids under appropriate growth conditions. The current study aimed to isolate and identify oleaginous yeasts having superior ability to accumulate high quantities of lipids; and enhancing lipid production using response surface methodology and repeated-batch fermentation. Results revealed that, twenty marine oleaginous yeasts were isolated, and the most potent lipid producer isolate was Candida parapsilosis Y19 according to qualitative screening test using Nile-red dye. Orange peels was used as substrate where C. parapsilosis Y19 produced 1.14 g/l lipids at 23.0% in batch fermentation. To enhance the lipid production, statistical optimization using Taguchi design through Response surface methodology was carried out. Total lipids were increased to 2.46 g/l and lipid content increased to 30.7% under optimal conditions of: orange peel 75 g/l, peptone 7 g/l, yeast extract 5 g/l, inoculum size 2% (v/v), pH 5 and incubation period 6 d. Furthermore, repeated-batch fermentation of C. parapsilosis Y19 enhanced lipid production where total lipids increased at 4.19 folds (4.78 g/l) compared to batch culture (before optimization). Also, the lipid content was increased at 1.7 folds (39.1%) compared to batch culture (before optimization). Fatty acid profile of the produced lipid using repeated-batch fermentation includes unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) at 74.8% and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) at 25.1%. Additionally, in repeated-batch fermentation, the major fatty acid was oleic acid at 45.0%; followed by linoleic acid at 26.0%. In conclusion, C. parapsilosis Y19 is considered a promising strain for lipid production. Also, both statistical optimizations using RSM and repeated-batch fermentation are efficient methods for lipid production from C. parapsilosis Y19.
Have gender and ethnic disparities in ophthalmology disappeared? Insights from a workforce-based study in Israel (2006–2021)
Authors: Israeli Asaf , Blumenthal Eytan Z. , Nemet Achia , Zayit-Soudry Shiri , Pizem Hadas , Mezer Eedy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Workforce diversity in healthcare has been shown to improve the quality of patient care. A paucity of data exists globally on this subject in ophthalmology. The purpose of this study was to analyze nationwide trends in gender-, ethnic- and country of graduation disparities among ophthalmologists in Israel.

Methods
Cross-sectional, workforce-based study using data retrieved from the Israeli Ministry of Health. Data included gender, ethnicity, and medical graduation country. Proportions and trends among new residents and board-certified ophthalmologists (BCO) were assessed.

Results
During 2006–2021, 18,624 medical licenses were issued (41.7% Israeli Medical Graduates (IsrMGs), 42.2% female), average yearly increase (AYI) was 6.9%, females and IsrMGs had an average yearly decrease of 1% and 0.53%, respectively. 561 physicians began ophthalmology residency (57.5% male, 75% Jewish, 69.9% IsrMGs), reflecting a 6.2% total AYI, but 8.1% and 4.8% for female versus male residents, respectively. There were fewer female residents despite population and graduate pool adjustments (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002, respectively), but differences disappeared after 2015 (p = 0.52). Arab and Jewish residents AYIs were 6.4% and 5.7% respectively, with ethnic differences elucidated by adjusting for population sizes (p = 0.097). BCO densities in 2006 and 2021 were 7.5 and 9.06, respectively, with a 1.3% AYI (p < 0.001). Proportions of female and Arab BCO were lower than expected based on population proportions. (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Gender-differences remained after adjusting for population sizes (p < 0.001), but AYIs for female and male BCO were 1.38% and 1.15%, respectively. AYIs for Arab and Jewish BCO were 12% and 0.61%, respectively.

Conclusions
Jewish and male dominance was seen among Israeli BCOs and was unrelated to population size or graduate distribution. Among new ophthalmology residents, Arab representation was adequate to their population proportion. In early years, male predominance was noted, however this disparity was no longer evident after 2015. These trends are encouraging, and efforts should be made to ensure the field remains inclusive and representative of the broader population.
Physical functioning trajectories over statutory retirement: a finnish occupational cohort study
Authors: Saha Pauliina , Salmela Jatta , Hiilamo Aapo , Aho Anna Liisa , Lallukka Tea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The association of workload and performance with physical functioning is recognised among the ageing public sector workforce. The characteristics of working conditions and social- and health-related factors associated with physical functioning after statutory retirement are still unknown. Also, previous studies on changes in physical functioning have not used a person-oriented approach. We examined physical functioning trajectories over statutory retirement and how social- and health-related factors are associated with them. Our aim was to identify distinct developmental trajectories of physical functioning over statutory retirement and to examine how social- (age, gender, marital status, education) and health-related (physical workload, self-reported sleep problems, alcohol consumption, smoking, fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and body mass index (BMI)) factors before retirement were associated with the identified trajectories.

Methods
We used data from the Helsinki Health Study cohort. Participants consisted of 2736 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland who retired during the follow-up. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify physical functioning trajectories and multinominal regression analyses to examine associations of social- and health-related factors with them.

Results
Three distinct developmental patterns in physical functioning before and after retirement were found among ageing and retired employees. Lower educational level, sleep problems, physical inactivity, and obesity were associated with the trajectory groups of ‘fast decreasing’ and ‘slowly increasing’, compared to the ‘stable high’ trajectory.

Conclusion
The results suggest that poor social- and health-related factors are key risk factors associated with declining and lower-level physical functioning over the retirement period. Supporting healthy lifestyles among older employees might maintaining good physical functioning until retirement and beyond.
Associations between meeting 24h movement behavior guidelines and cognition, gray matter volume, and academic performance in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Bo , Shi Peng , Jin Teng , Feng Xiaosu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
24-h movement behaviors have a close relationship with children and adolescents' cognition, gray matter volume, and academic performance. This systematic review aims to precisely explore the associations between meeting different combinations of guidelines and the aforementioned indicators, in order to better serve public health policy.

Methods
Computer retrieval was conducted on CNKI, Web of Science, PubMed, SPORT Discus and Cochrane library databases. The screening and data extraction processes were conducted by two researchers. This study used the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for methodological quality assessment and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system for the evaluation of the level of evidence. Descriptive statistical analysis is performed using frequency and percentage on the extracted data and key findings, primarily to assess the consistency of the positive benefits associated with meeting different guidelines and outcome variables.

Results
A total of 10 studies were included (with 16 correlation analyses conducted), involving 51,566 children and adolescents aged between 4.2 and 15.9 years old. The included studies generally agreed upon the following associations: adherence to the screen time (ST) guidelines is positively linked to fluid intelligence; adherence to the sleep duration (SD) guidelines is positively linked to literacy; adherence to both ST and SD guidelines is associated with increased fluid intelligence and gray matter volume; and overall adherence to all guidelines is positively correlated with fluid intelligence. The included studies reported low certainty of evidence. Additionally, the included studies have provided clear evidence, but some studies did not strictly control confounding factors, and it is also unclear whether there is a larger effect size, hence the level of evidence is relatively low.

Conclusion
There are varying degrees of associations between different combinations of guidelines and cognition, gray matter volume, and academic performance, but further research is needed to confirm these findings, especially the relatively limited role of meeting physical activity guidelines.
Outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) in patients with post-surgical macular edema – a real-world scenario
Authors: de Oliveira Júnior Elder Ohara , Ahn Isabel , Fernandes Rodrigo Antonio Brant , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Clinically significant macular edema (CME) is the leading cause of visual loss after ophthalmologic surgery due to the release of inflammatory mediators promoted by the procedures. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of intravitreal Ozurdex® (700 µg dexamethasone) implants as a primary therapeutical option for post-surgical macular edema cases.

Methods
Patients with post-surgical macular edema diagnosed by optical coherence tomography (Cirrus SD-OCT) and treated with Ozudex were selected for the current study. Data was retrospectively collected from medical records from January 2020 to December 2022 and included sex, age, laterality, and timeline of treatment (i.e. implant alone or at the time of silicon oil removal in cases requiring vitreorretinal surgery). Complications associated with treatment were also noted as well as the need of further treatments. The structural analysis focused on measuring central macular thickness (CMT—average thickness within the 1 mm circle of the ETDRS) from the internal limiting membrane to the Bruch’s membrane complex, as well as the average total macular thickness including parafoveal and perifoveal regions determined by the device (CAT). The functional evaluation was based on the best-corrected visual acuity (VA) measured in logMAR.

Results
A total of 46 participants were included (56.2% males, mean age: 60.9 ± 11.2 years old). A statistically significant change was observed in the postoperative versus the preoperative period for all parameters (p < 0.05). The mean VA difference was − 0.17 ± 0.24; CMT was − 109.22 ± 124.85 and CAT was − 14.76 ± 58.95. We observed a significant effect of the moment of Ozurdex implantation on VA improvement, so that cases with implantation at the time of oil removal showed lower improvement than cases with implantation at a distinct timing (Coef. 0.19, 95%CI: 0.02 to 0.36, p = 0.027). Eleven cases (23.9%) required further treatment such as new Ozurdex implantation (8 cases) or surgery (3 cases). Only one case (2.17%) showed increased intraocular pressure and underwent glaucoma surgery.

Conclusions
Intravitreal Ozurdex implants significantly improved functional and structural aspects in post-surgical macular edema. The timing of implantation influenced VA improvement, with a distinct step approach showing better outcomes than at the time of oil removal.
Potential inflammatory mechanisms of the ketogenic diet against febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Wang Juan , Xie Lingling , Jiang Li 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFebrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare epilepsy syndrome with unclear pathogenesis, characterized by fever-induced, super-refractory status epilepticus and high mortality. Studies have shown that ketogenic diet (KD) is effective in controlling convulsions in FIRES, but its mechanisms are unclear. This paper intends to summarize the mechanisms by which KD may exert effects against FIRES. Clinical studies have shown that patients with FIRES have elevated levels of various inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and so on. KD may exert anti-FIRES effects through several potential inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor -κB (NF-κB) and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) network suggested that KD may play an anti-inflammatory role through several pathways such as cellular senescence and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. These mechanisms need to be further investigated.
Women living with HIV face intersectional stigma from infection, domestic violence, and other marginalized identities: a qualitative study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mukerji Reshmi , Osrin David , Mannell Jenevieve 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Women living with HIV bear a disproportionate burden of stigma, especially in countries where gender discrimination is more common. A result is widespread domestic violence against women. This violence is itself stigmatized, but the intersectional stigma of HIV and domestic violence has not been well studied. Our work aimed to fill this research gap by exploring how domestic violence and HIV stigma intersect with other marginalized identities in women’s lives.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Kolkata, India with 31 women living with HIV and 16 key informants to gain an understanding of intersecting stigmas. Interviewees discussed women’s experiences and perceptions of stigma and discrimination around HIV, domestic violence, and other marginalized identities. The coding of data was informed by an intersectional stigma framework. Thematic Network Analysis was used to group themes originating in the data into higher-order themes connecting to a global theme.

Results
The findings presented are a qualitative self-report of violence. The three main themes developed were (1) the intersectional stigma of HIV and domestic violence amplified stigma as a whole, (2) the intersection of multiple stigmas worsens domestic violence, and (3) the stigma of HIV hides domestic violence. Specifically, HIV stigma triggered domestic violence and perpetrators reinforced HIV stigma through verbal abuse. Women with other marginalized identities, such as having daughters or being a widow, experienced substantial violence. Domestic violence stigma was worsened by HIV stigma as women hid the violence for fear of revealing their status. As a result, help-seeking from formal and informal sources decreased, which increased women’s isolation.

Conclusions
The findings shape new understandings of how intersectional stigma of HIV, domestic violence, and marginalized social identities interact to amplify stigma and related violence. Women living with HIV who have multiple marginalized identities should be prioritized for violence reduction interventions.
Understanding Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions in (Trans)Dermal Delivery
Authors: Musakhanian Jasmine , Osborne David W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Continuously explored in pharmaceuticals, microemulsions and nanoemulsions offer drug delivery opportunities that are too significant to ignore, namely safe delivery of clinically relevant drug doses across biological membranes. Their effectiveness as drug vehicles in mucosal and (trans)dermal delivery is evident from the volume of published literature. Commonly, their ability to enhance skin permeation is attributed to dispersion size, a characteristic closely related to solubilization capacity. However, the literature falls short on distinctions between microemulsions and nanoemulsions for definitions, behavior, or specific differences in their mechanisms of action in (trans)dermal delivery. The focus is typically on surfactant/cosurfactant ratio and droplet size but the role of mesostructures or the effect of cosolvent (Csol), oil (O) or water (W) on permeation profile remain poorly explained. Towards a deeper understanding of these vehicles in (trans)dermal drug delivery, this review begins with their conceptual and practical distinctions before delving into the published works for less obvious but potentially important underlying mechanisms; notably composition and the competitive positioning of system constituents in the resulting microstructures and subsequent effect(s) these may have on skin structures and drug permeability. For practical purposes, this review focuses on formulation systems based on ternary diagrams with commonly accepted non-ionic surfactants, cosurfactants, cosolvents, and oils used in pharmaceutical applications.

Graphical Abstract
Frictional adhesion of geckos predicts maximum running performance in nature
Authors: Higham Timothy E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Despite the myriad studies examining the diversity and mechanisms of gecko adhesion in the lab, we have a poor understanding of how this translates to locomotion in nature. It has long been assumed that greater adhesive strength should translate to superior performance in nature. Using 13 individuals of Bradfield's Namib day gecko (Rhoptropus bradfieldi) in Namibia, I tested the hypothesis that maximum running performance in nature (speed and acceleration) is driven by maximum frictional adhesive strength. Specifically, those individuals with greater frictional adhesion should escape with faster speed and acceleration because of increased contact with the surface from which to apply propulsive forces. I tested this prediction by quantifying laboratory adhesive performance and then releasing the geckos into the field while simultaneously recording the escape using high-speed videography. Additional measurements included how this species modulates maximum running speed (stride length and/or stride frequency) and how temperature influences field performance. I found that maximum acceleration was significantly correlated with maximum frictional adhesive strength, whereas maximum sprinting speed was only correlated with increases in stride frequency (not stride length) and temperature. Thus, different measures of performance (acceleration and speed) are limited by very different variables. Acceleration is key for rapidly escaping predation and, given their correlation, maximum frictional adhesion likely plays a key role in fitness.