bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue and antigen‐presenting cells in trachea and lung of cattle
Authors: Thomasmeyer Anne , Reineking Wencke , Hewicker‐Trautwein Marion 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe presence of bronchus‐associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and its structural components has been described in different healthy animal species and in animals with diseases of the respiratory tract. In contrast to normal mammals, BALT is absent in healthy human adult lungs, but has been found in the lungs of children. The histological characteristics of organized mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), its subsets of immune cells and their in situ distribution in the lung of healthy subadult and adult cattle shows close similarities with BALT in humans and other animal species such as sheep, horses and pigs. This study clearly demonstrates that organized MALT also occurs in the tracheal mucosa of cattle. The absence of tracheal MALT and BALT in calves suggest that these structures are not constitutive. In the mucosa of bovine trachea, bronchi and bronchioli, MHC II+ and CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are located in the epithelium and in the lamina propria mucosae. These DCs are already present in calves soon after birth. Examination of tangential epithelial sheets shows that in the bovine tracheal epithelium, like in man and rat, a dense network of MHC II+ and CD11c+ DCs exists and that their number is considerably higher than in conventional transverse sections. In the bovine tracheal and bronchial epithelium, MHC II+ DCs are extending their dendrites towards the lumen indicating that these DCs possibly are involved in sampling of luminal antigens. The presence of significantly higher numbers of MHC II+ DCs in the tracheal and bronchial/bronchiolar mucosa of older cattle in than in calves possibly results from local stimulation with exogenous antigens during postnatal life. Detection of DCs expressing the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in calves and cattle suggests maturation of DCs, which is most likely induced by stimulation with exogenous antigens.
The role of hepatitis B virus surface protein in inducing Sertoli cell ferroptosis
Authors: Pan Chengshuang , Kong Xiangbin , Wu Zhigang , Fei Qianjin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundsHepatitis B virus infection could result in male infertility with sperm defects and dysfunction. Sertoli cells are essential for testis function and play a crucial role in spermatogenesis. Sertoli cell death contributes to spermatogenesis impairment, leading to poor sperm quality. Ferroptosis has been implicated as a mechanism of Sertoli cell death. The issue in studying the relationship between hepatitis B virus and Sertoli cell ferroptosis has not yet been addressed.ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in hepatitis B virus‐exposed Sertoli cells.Materials and methodsHuman Sertoli cells were treated in vitro with levels of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of hepatitis B virus surface protein (HBs). Cell viability and levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde, cellular ferrous ion (Fe2+), lipid peroxidation, and N6‐methyladenosine in Sertoli cells were detected. The level of glutathione peroxidase 4, transferrin receptor 1, ferritin heavy chain, tripartite motif (TRIM) 37, methyltransferase like 3, and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 was examined. Cell transfection was carried out to alter expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins. qPCR and immunoblotting were performed to measure protein expression level. Immunoprecipitation was applied to determine the protein and protein‐RNA interaction. Luminescence analysis was performed to identify the target of methyltransferase like 3.ResultsHBs exposure triggered ferroptosis featured with increased intracellular Fe2+ ion, reduced cell viability and expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 in Sertoli cells. HBs treatment significantly increased TRIM37 expression, which suppressed glutathione peroxidase 4 expression through ubiquitination. TRIM37 silencing attenuated the effect of HBs exposure‐regulated cell viability and ferroptosis. HBs upregulated N6‐methyladenosine modification in TRIM37 3′‐UTR by increasing methyltransferase like 3 expression. The binding of N6‐methyladenosine reader insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 and TRIM37 3′‐UTR enhanced the stability of TRIM37 mRNA.ConclusionHBs can decrease human Sertoli cell viability by promoting ferroptosis induced by the loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 activity through TRIM37‐mediated ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4. The findings highlight the role of TRIM37/glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling responsible for ferroptosis regulation in hepatitis B virus‐infected Sertoli cells.
Disorders related to antineuronal antibodies: Autoimmune epilepsy
Authors: Koto Shusuke , Chihara Norio , Hara Atsushi , Matsumoto Riki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutoimmune epilepsy is characterized as a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, where epileptic seizures serve as the primary or predominant manifestation of the disease. Among patients who are refractory to antiepileptic drug therapy, a part of them experience improved seizure control with immunotherapy. Some of these individuals have been found to possess autoantibodies that target the neuronal surface, intracellular, or extracellular antigens. In 2017, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed a new classification of epilepsy syndromes that, for the first time, recognized “immune” as one of the etiologies of epilepsy. Since early and prompt diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune epilepsy may improve the prognosis, it is crucial to actively consider the utilization of reported diagnostic features and treatment with immunotherapy in the management of patients with refractory epilepsy. We herein provide a review of the literature concerning the clinical features, laboratory findings, pathophysiology, and treatment options associated with this disease.
Investigating the role of uric acid and uric acid‐to‐creatinine ratio as a predictive factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in 2019
Authors: Barmehziar Saman , Fadaii Abbas , Samadian Fariba , Shakiba Ali , Koolaji Sogol 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSerum uric acid has been suggested as an independent marker of oxidative metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease with significant social, health, and economic burden. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of this factor in COPD exacerbation.MethodsWe investigated 20‐ to 70‐year‐old patients who were admitted due to COPD exacerbation (acute phase) or presented to the pulmonary clinic for follow‐up (non‐acute phase). Correlation of uric acid and uric acid‐to‐creatinine ratio (UCR) with multiple factors and their predictive performance for more exacerbations and acute phase of COPD was investigated (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis).ResultsOverall, 63 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 79.4% were men. Acute‐phase group encompassed 79.4% of the population with a greater rate of heavy smoking and average exacerbation in a year (p‐value = 0.009 and <0.001). The mean of uric acid and UCR was 5.6 (SD, 2.35) and 4.4 (SD, 1.9) in the total population, respectively, and were significantly higher in the acute phase and patients with frequent exacerbations (FE ≥ 3 exacerbations a year), p‐value <0.05. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC analysis showed a high performance of uric acid and UCR for predicting acute phase (0.84 [95%CI, 0.73–0.96] and 0.86 [0.74–0.98]), FE (0.72 [0.60–0.85] and 0.75 [0.63–0.87]), and FE among acute‐phase patients (AUC, 0.63 [0.46–0.79] and 0.66 [0.50–0.81], respectively).ConclusionUric acid and UCR could be invaluable predictors of frequent exacerbation and the acute phase of COPD. Therefore, they might be applicable in evaluating the severity and progress of the disease.
Treatment outcomes of secukinumab in adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in China: A real‐world multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Ding Yangfeng , Li Wei , Guan Xin , Liu Na , Zhou Ying , Li Gaojie , Wang Xiaohua , Wang Zhidong , Xiao Xiao , Yang Bin , Lv Chengzhi , Zhang Chunlei , Shi Yuling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSecukinumab is effective in treating patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. However, most studies assessing its effectiveness in routine clinical settings in China are mostly single‐center studies with a limited sample size. The objective of this study was to assess secukinumab's efficacy, treatment patterns, and characteristics in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. This 24‐week, multicenter (n = 5) retrospective study analyzed the data of Chinese adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis who initiated secukinumab treatment between May 2019 and March 2020. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), Investigator's Global Assessment Modified 2011 (IGA mod 2011), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were assessed. Dermatologists documented the treatment dosage and modification reasons. Of the 244 secukinumab‐naïve patients, most were men (73.4%, 179/244) and weighed 60–90 kg (72.8%, 177/243). The mean (SD) age at secukinumab initiation was 38.1 (11.6) years, and the disease duration was 13.5 (7.9) years. Most patients (97.1%, 237/244) received secukinumab 300 mg. At weeks 4, 12, 16, and 24, the proportion of patients achieving PASI 75 (≥75% reduction from baseline) was 40.0%, 92.1%, 88.4%, and 88.9%, respectively; PASI 90 was 15.0%, 73.7%, 81.4%, and 68.3%, respectively; and PASI 100 was 8.7%, 40.8%, 58.1%, and 41.3%, respectively. During the same periods, BSA and IGA mod 2011 showed similar improvement trends. An increasing proportion of patients achieved DLQI of 0–1 (21.6%, 65.7%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively). Treatment modification was highest at week 12. The average interval between two administrations after week 4 was 62.95 days. Secukinumab was highly effective in improving the PASI, IGA, BSA, and DLQI in Chinese patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis throughout the first 24 weeks. The treatment pattern for Chinese patients differs from that in the clinical guidelines.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of transplant‐ineligible relapsed or refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treatment options—Experience of the efficiency frontier approach
Authors: Kurte Melina Sophie , Siefen Ann‐Cathrine , Jakobs Florian , von Tresckow Bastian , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Kron Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) changed remarkably since the European Medicines Agency‐approved chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapies (axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi‐cel], lisocabtagene maraleucel [liso‐cel], tisagenlecleucel [tisa‐cel]) for the third‐line onwards (3+L), and targeted therapies (polatuzumab vedotin–bendamustine–rituximab [pola‐BR], tafasitamab–lenalidomide [Tafa‐L]) for the second‐line (2L) onwards. As associated rising treatment costs represent an economic burden, the cost‐effectiveness of transplant‐ineligible R/R DLBCL interventions was assessed from a German healthcare payer's perspective, using the efficiency frontier (EF) approach.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed to determine the clinical benefit concerning median overall survival (OS) of bendamustine–rituximab (BR), rituximab–gemcitabine–oxaliplatin (R‐GemOx), axi‐cel, liso‐cel, tisa‐cel, pola‐BR, and Tafa‐L. First‐year treatment costs (drug and medical services costs) were calculated. Results were merged on two‐dimensional graphs illustrating 2L and 3+L EFs.ResultsSecond‐line EF is formed by BR (median OS 11.49 months, €23 958) and Tafa‐L (45.7, €104 541), 3+L EF is formed by R‐GemOx (12.0, €29 080), Tafa‐L (15.5, €104 541), and axi‐cel (18.69, €308 516). These interventions build the respective cost‐effectiveness thresholds for novel interventions.ConclusionsUsing the EF approach, the currently most cost‐effective interventions (based on cost‐effectiveness ratios) in the indication of R/R DLBCL were identified to guide international reimbursement decisions.
Auto encoder with mode‐based learning for keyframe extraction in video summarization
Authors: Shambharkar Prashant Giridhar , Goel Ruchi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe exponential increase in video consumption has created new difficulties for browsing and navigating through video more effectively and efficiently. Researchers are interested in video summarization because it offers a brief but instructive video version that helps users and systems save time and effort when looking for and comprehending relevant content. Key frame extraction is a method of video summarization that only chooses the most important frames from a given video. In this article, a novel supervised learning method ‘TC‐CLSTM Auto Encoder with Mode‐based Learning’ using temporal and spatial features is proposed for automatically choosing keyframes or important sub‐shots from videos. The method was able to achieve an average F‐score of 84.35 on TVSum dataset. Extensive tests on benchmark data sets show that the suggested methodology outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods.
How I met your mother: Mitigating forced marriage in the United States
Authors: Imam Maisha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractForced marriage in the United States is a hidden issue for a growing number of children and young people. Being trapped in a marriage severely impacts a person's well‐being, with long‐term psychological and physical ramifications. Forced marriage increases the likelihood of domestic violence and sexual abuse, depriving victims of autonomy. To lessen the number of forced marriages, this Note proposes emulating a United Kingdom statute. The statute provides a comprehensive approach with tailored programs and services to serve the needs of victims of forced marriages. Adopting this statute will create uniform law, making forced marriages illegal federally.
Returning to the child welfare system: Understanding the wellbeing, health, education, and placement of children who return
Authors: Irgens Megan Suzanne , Givol Keren‐Or , Tomlinson Claire S. , Davidson Ryan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing longitudinal archival Child Welfare System (CWS) data, this study describes child health and wellbeing at their initial entrance into the CWS and subsequent returns. Associations between child wellbeing, health, placement stability, and frequency of returning to the system were also investigated. Results indicated most children were healthy and developmentally on target. In addition, emotional distress, behavioral concerns, and number of placements in the CWS were significantly correlated with placement stability. Future work should utilize the use of developmental assessments to systematically and reliably document the concerns for children in the system, and investigate factors contributing to stable placements.
Psychometrics and applications of a novel self‐report measure of emicizumab adherence: VERITASNexGen
Authors: Okolo Amanda , Shapiro Amy , Janson Isaac , Okungade James , Roberson Chris , Nolte MacKenzie , Littner Lisa , Kronenberger William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionTreatment adherence is critical to minimize bleeding episodes in persons with haemophilia. Suboptimal adherence increases risk of adverse medical outcomes and negatively impacts quality of life. Assessment of treatment adherence is therefore an integral component of intervention to mitigate the adverse impacts of haemophilia.AimTo develop and validate a multifactorial, patient (self or caregiver) report adherence measure for emicizumab treatment and report the first patient‐report data on adherence to specific components of emicizumab treatment (dosing, timing, injection, planning and bleeds).MethodsAn IRB approved multi‐site prospective study enrolled 83 participants with factor VIII deficiency being treated with emicizumab. Participants completed the 25‐item VERITAS NexGen (self‐report from 50 adults age 18+ years; caregiver‐report from 33 parents of children aged 6 months to 17 years) as well as a global adherence rating (GAR) scale. Providers of participants also completed a GAR scale.ResultsMost VERITAS‐NexGen subscales had good‐to‐excellent internal consistency reliability, test‐retest reliability, and validity. VERITASNexGen scores revealed globally strong patient‐reported adherence; however timing and bleed management were reported as greater challenges to adherence compared to dosing and injections. Adults struggled more with timing and planning of injections than caregivers.ConclusionThe VERITASNexGen is the first validated multifactorial patient‐report measure of adherence designed specifically for emicizumab treatment. Results suggest excellent adherence, with only 4%–13% of participants reporting suboptimal adherence to different components of the treatment regimen. Used in conjunction with other adherence measures, VERITAS‐NexGen meets a crucial need for monitoring and understanding patient adherence to emicizumab in clinical and research settings.
The ideological roots of the activation paradigm: How justice preferences and unemployment attributions shape public support for demanding activation policies
Authors: Van Hootegem Arno , Rossetti Federica , Abts Koen , Meuleman Bart 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch either focused on self‐interest or left–right ideology to explain support for demanding active labour market policies (ALMPs). This article focuses instead on how attitudes towards these policies are rooted in the underlying policy paradigm. We link attitudes towards ALMPs to two pillars of the activation paradigm: distributive justice and unemployment attributions. Structural equational modeling is employed on the Belgian National Election Study data of 2014 (N = 1901). Individuals supporting the principles of need and equity and who blame the unemployed are more in favour of demanding activation. These frameworks and hence the policy paradigm thus have substantial predictive power.
The impact of tax reforms on human development index: Literature review approach
Authors: Shettigar Jagadish , Misra Pooja , Sanyal Pradipta Kumar , Kawinga Abdul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman development is an important variable in entrepreneurial activities at all levels both nationally and internationally. In any country, the meaning of human development, which is associated with progressiveness in people's life status, is to be evaluated based on people's livelihood. The government is the core institution responsible for human development in any country through financing, coordinating, and supervising different human development projects. Such development projects include the provision of quality public goods and services such as health, education, housing, and other welfare schemes; all necessary infrastructures relating to the provision of such services like schools and hospitals; and respective experts to facilitate such services like teachers, doctors, and nurses, etc. Tax is regarded as an important tool for governments not only for revenue generation but also for achieving various social and economic reforms for individuals and the economy as a whole, both in developed and developing countries. Most of the current economic discussions from the country level to the international level are about human development, with taxation as the main tool. Thus, economic reforms including tax policies are also made for poverty reduction and other purposes. Among policies include progressive taxation and credit approach; establishment of specific taxes and specific revenue pools for improving human development and reducing inequality; and eliminating tax exemption and reliefs in fighting against poverty.
Solubility of 15MgO–15CaO–5P2O5–10SiO2 glass
Authors: Oi Yuki , Nakamura Keita , Obata Akiko , Tamura Tomoyuki , Kasuga Toshihiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMg2+ and silicate ions are important ionic species in bone formation. Previously, the authors’ group reported a 15MgO–15CaO–8P2O5–4SiO2 glass (silicophosphate invert glass [spIG]) containing orthophosphate and orthosilicate structures. Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions in the glass preferentially formed Si–O–Mg and P–O–Ca bonds, respectively, suppressing the release amount of silicate ions in a tris–HCl buffer solution (TBS). In this study, a new 15MgO–15CaO–5P2O5–10SiO2 invert glass without a silicate 3D‐network structure was prepared via a melt‐quenching method. The new glass exhibits an improved silicate‐ion release ability that promotes bone formation. The dissolution amounts of Ca2+ and phosphate ions from the glass into a TBS were similar to those of spIG, but the amounts of Mg2+ and silicate ions increased by ∼2 and ∼5 times, respectively. 31P and 29Si magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses showed that the glass was composed of orthophosphate and chain silicate structures. Even when the silica content exceeded that of spIG, the formation of a silicate 3D‐network was suppressed. The O1s X‐ray photoelectron spectra indicated that (Si, P)–O–Mg bonds contribute to the glass formation. In a glass model based on classical molecular dynamics, the oxygen coordination numbers of Mg and Ca were determined as 4–7 and 5–8, respectively. Mg2+ ions are predominantly responsible for bridging the silicate/phosphate structures in this glass and play an important role in tuning the glass formation and the release amount of silicate ions.
Saikosaponin A alleviates Staphylococcus aureus‐induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis via SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Zhao Lihua , Jin Lei , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMastitis is a common and serious bacterial infection of the mammary gland. Saikosaponin A (SSA) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bupleurum falcatum that has the ability to treat various diseases. However, little is known about the role of SSA in achieving mastitis remission. Here, we found that SSA alleviated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced mastitis by attenuating inflammation and maintaining blood‐milk barrier integrity. Furthermore, S. aureus activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway by upregulated p‐p65 and p‐IκB. S. aureus also induced ferroptosis in mammary gland in mice, mainly characterized by excessive iron accumulation, mitochondrial morphological changes and impaired antioxidant production. However, S. aureus‐induced NF‐κB activation and ferroptosis were prevented by SSA. Moreover, SAA could upregulate the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, HO‐1 and GPX4. And the inhibitory effects of SAA on inflammation and ferroptosis were reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX‐527. In conclusion, SAA protected S. aureus‐induced mastitis through suppressing inflammation and ferroptosis by activating SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.
The Politics of the European Minimum Wage: Overcoming Ideological, Territorial and Institutional Conflicts in the EU Multi‐level Arena
Authors: Natili Marcello , Ronchi Stefano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUntil recently, the idea of a European minimum wage (EMW) policy had never taken concrete shape, due to the heterogeneity of national wage‐setting and collective bargaining institutions, uncertain EU competence on the matter, and widespread scepticism amongst political actors. In 2022, however, the EU adopted a directive on adequate minimum wages. How did this make it to the EU agenda, despite the many political, territorial and institutional tensions? What coalitions supported and opposed it? Based on a reconstruction of the policy process substantiated by an analysis of news media data and 14 interviews, this article investigates the multi‐level politics of the EMW. It shows that, despite enduring ‘euro‐social scepticism’ in northern Europe, the emergence of pro‐minimum wage coalitions in key member states and the increase of party‐competition dynamics at the EU level were crucial in overcoming the lines of conflict that had long hindered EU initiatives on minimum wage co‐ordination.