bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted dynamic functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions mediated the slowed information processing speed in late-life depression
Authors: Chen Ben , Yang Mingfeng , Zhong Xiaomei , Wang Qiang , Zhou Huarong , Liu Meiling , Zhang Min , Hou Le , Wu Zhangying , Zhang Si , Lin Gaohong , Ning Yuping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSlowed information processing speed (IPS) is the core contributor to cognitive impairment in patients with late-life depression (LLD). The hippocampus is an important link between depression and dementia, and it may be involved in IPS slowing in LLD. However, the relationship between a slowed IPS and the dynamic activity and connectivity of hippocampal subregions in patients with LLD remains unclear.MethodsOne hundred thirty-four patients with LLD and 89 healthy controls were recruited. Sliding-window analysis was used to assess whole-brain dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dfALFF) and dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) for each hippocampal subregion seed.ResultsCognitive impairment (global cognition, verbal memory, language, visual–spatial skill, executive function and working memory) in patients with LLD was mediated by their slowed IPS. Compared with the controls, patients with LLD exhibited decreased dFC between various hippocampal subregions and the frontal cortex and decreased dReho in the left rostral hippocampus. Additionally, most of the dFCs were negatively associated with the severity of depressive symptoms and were positively associated with various domains of cognitive function. Moreover, the dFC between the left rostral hippocampus and middle frontal gyrus exhibited a partial mediation effect on the relationships between the scores of depressive symptoms and IPS.ConclusionsPatients with LLD exhibited decreased dFC between the hippocampus and frontal cortex, and the decreased dFC between the left rostral hippocampus and right middle frontal gyrus was involved in the underlying neural substrate of the slowed IPS.
Self-annihilation in Marguerite Porete
Authors: Rea Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article critically engages Christina Van Dyke's interpretation of ‘annihilation’ in Marguerite Porete's Mirror of Simple Souls. Van Dyke's interpretation – well in accord with the consensus line among Porete scholars – emphasizes the alienness of Porete's understanding of union with God, and so seemingly guts the challenge of Porete's text. In other words, if Porete is saying what Van Dyke takes her to be saying, it is no wonder that anyone would find her vision alien, her posited end of Christian life undesirable, and the challenge to attain it inert. In this article, I describe and defend an alternative reading of the Mirror, one that makes the goal of ‘self-annihilation’ surprisingly more palatable.
Transmission trends of the global COVID-19 pandemic with combined effects of adaptive behaviours and vaccination
Authors: Zhou Yuhao , Li Zhaowan , Wu Wei , Xiao Jianpeng , Ma Wenjun , Zhu Guanghu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We developed a mechanism model which allows for simulating the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission dynamics with the combined effects of human adaptive behaviours and vaccination, aiming at predicting the end time of COVID-19 infection in global scale. Based on the surveillance information (reported cases and vaccination data) between 22 January 2020 and 18 July 2022, we validated the model by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting method. We found that (1) if without adaptive behaviours, the epidemic could sweep the world in 2022 and 2023, causing 3.098 billion of human infections, which is 5.39 times of current number; (2) 645 million people could be avoided from infection due to vaccination; and (3) in current scenarios of protective behaviours and vaccination, infection cases would increase slowly, levelling off around 2023, and it would end completely in June 2025, causing 1.024 billion infections, with 12.5 million death. Our findings suggest that vaccination and the collective protection behaviour remain the key determinants against the global process of COVID-19 transmission.
On notions of compactness, object classifiers, and weak Tarski universes
Authors: Stenzel Raffael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe prove a correspondence between
$\kappa$
-small fibrations in simplicial presheaf categories equipped with the injective or projective model structure (and left Bousfield localizations thereof) and relatively
$\kappa$
-compact maps in their underlying quasi-categories for suitably large regular cardinals
$\kappa$
. We thus obtain a transition result between weakly universal small fibrations in the (type-theoretic) injective Dugger–Rezk-style standard presentations of model toposes and object classifiers in Grothendieck
$\infty$
-toposes in the sense of Lurie.
Effect of carvacrol antioxidant capacity on oocyte maturation and embryo production in cattle
Authors: Morais A.N.P. , Lima L.F. , Silva A.F.B. , Lienou L.L. , Ferreira A.C.A. , Watanabe Y.F. , Joaquim D.C. , Alves B.G. , Pereira A.F. , Alves D.R. , Oliveira A.C. , Morais S.M. , Magalhães-Padilha D.M. , Figueiredo J.R. , Gastal E.L. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryCarvacrol (C10H14O), an efficient phenolic antioxidant substance for several cell types, may become a useful antioxidant for female germ cells and embryo culture. This study investigates the effects of carvacrol supplementation on bovine oocytes in in vitro maturation (IVM) and embryo production. In total, 1222 cumulus–oocyte complexes were cultured in TCM-199+ alone (control treatment) or supplemented with carvacrol at the concentrations of 3 µM (Carv-3), 12.5 µM (Carv-12.5), or 25 µM (Carv-25). After IVM, the oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization and embryo production, and the spent medium post-IVM was used for evaluating the levels of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid quantification). A greater (P < 0.05) antioxidant potential was observed in the spent medium of all carvacrol-treated groups compared with the control medium. Moreover, the addition of carvacrol to the maturation medium did not affect (P > 0.05) blastocyst production on days 7 and 10 of culture; however, the total number of cells per blastocyst was reduced (P < 0.05) in two carvacrol-treated groups (Carv-3 and Carv-25). In conclusion, carvacrol demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity in the spent medium after oocyte maturation; however, although embryo production was not affected, in general, carvacrol addition to IVM medium reduced the total number of cells per blastocyst. Therefore, due to the high antioxidant capacity of carvacrol, new experiments are warranted to investigate the beneficial effects of lower concentrations of carvacrol on embryo production in cattle and other species.
SMITH AT 300: ADAM SMITH AND THE IDEA OF “POLICE”
Authors: Cunha Alexandre Mendes 
Published: February 2023

“The more opulent therefore the society, labour will always be so much the dearer and work so much the cheaper, and if some opulent countries have lost several of their manufactures and some branches of their commerce by having been undersold in foreign markets by the traders and artisans of poorer countries, who were contented with less profit and smaller wages, this will rarely be found to have been merely the effect of the opulence of the one country and the poverty of the other. Some other cause, we may be assured, must have concurred. The rich country must have been guilty of some great error in its police.”ED 2.12–2.13
Nutritional quality of children’s menus in restaurants: does cuisine type matter?
Authors: Trapp Gina SA , Reid Natasha , Hickling Siobhan , Bivoltsis Alexia , Mandzufas Joelie , Howard Justine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:It is unknown whether the nutritional quality of children’s menus varies depending on the cuisine type. This study aimed to investigate differences in the nutritional quality of children’s menus by cuisine type in restaurants located in Perth, Western Australia (WA).Design:Cross-sectional studySetting:Perth, WA.Participants:Children’s menus (n 139) from the five most prevalent restaurant cuisine types in Perth (i.e. Chinese, Modern Australian, Italian, Indian and Japanese) were assessed using the Children’s Menu Assessment Tool (CMAT; range -5–21 with lower scores denoting lower nutritional quality) and the Food Traffic Light system, evaluated against Healthy Options WA Food and Nutrition Policy recommendations. Non-parametric ANOVA was used to test for a significant difference in total CMAT scores among cuisine types.Results:Total CMAT scores were low for all cuisine types (range -2–5), with a significant difference between cuisine types (Kruskal–Wallis H = 58·8, P < 0·001). The highest total CMAT score by cuisine type was Modern Australian (mean = 2·27, sd = 1·41) followed by Italian (mean = 2·02, sd = 1·02), Japanese (mean = 1·80, sd = 2·39), Indian (mean = 0·30, sd = 0·97) and Chinese (mean = 0·07, sd = 0·83). When using the Food Traffic Light for assessment, Japanese cuisine had the highest percentage of green food items (44 %), followed by Italian (42 %), Modern Australian (38 %), Indian (17 %) and Chinese (14 %).Conclusions:Overall, the nutritional quality of children’s menus was poor regardless of cuisine type. However, children’s menus from Japanese, Italian and Modern Australian restaurants scored better in terms of nutritional quality than children’s menus from Chinese and Indian restaurants.
A LOCAL PROJECTION STABILIZATION FOR CONVECTION–DIFFUSION–REACTION EQUATIONS USING BIORTHOGONAL SYSTEMS
Authors: LAMICHHANE BISHNU P. , SHAW-CARMODY JORDAN A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider a local projection stabilization based on biorthogonal systems for convection–diffusion–reaction differential equations with mixed boundary conditions. The approach based on biorthogonal systems is numerically more efficient than other existing approaches to obtain a uniform approximation for convection dominated problems. We prove optimal a priori error estimates for the proposed numerical technique. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the approach.
Identifying the palliative care needs of frail, older, housebound patients in the community: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Pereira Cristiana , Pinon Nathalie , Tahar Aurélie , Pautex Sophie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe early introduction of palliative care can have a positive impact on the quality of life of patients suffering from life-limiting diseases. However, the palliative care needs of older, frail, housebound patients are still mostly unknown, as is the impact of frailty on the importance of these needs.ObjectivesTo identify the palliative care needs of frail, older, housebound patients in the community.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional observational study. This study took place in a single primary care center and included patients who were ≥65 years old, housebound, followed by the Geriatric Community Unit of the Geneva University Hospitals.ResultsSeventy-one patients completed the study. Most patients were female (56.9%), and mean age (SD) was 81.1 (±7.9). The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale mean (SD) score was higher in frail patients as opposed to vulnerable patients for tiredness (p = 0.016), drowsiness (p = 0.0196), loss of appetite (p = 0.0124), and impaired feeling of well-being (p = 0.0132). There was no difference in spiritual well-being, measured by the spiritual scale subgroup of the Functional Assessment of the Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being scale (FACIT-sp) between frail and vulnerable participants, although scores in both groups were low. Caregivers were mainly spouses (45%) and daughters (27.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 70.7 (±13.6). The overall carer–burden measured by the Mini-Zarit was low.Significance of resultsOlder, frail, housebound patients have specific needs that differ from non-frail patients and should guide future palliative care provision. How and when palliative care should be provided to this population remains to be determined.
Martian Ozone Observed by TGO/NOMAD‐UVIS Solar Occultation: An Inter‐Comparison of Three Retrieval Methods
Authors: Piccialli A. , Vandaele A. C. , Willame Y. , Määttänen A. , Trompet L. , Erwin J. T. , Daerden F. , Neary L. , Aoki S. , Viscardy S. , Thomas I. R. , Depiesse C. , Ristic B. , Mason J. P. , Patel M. R. , Wolff M. J. , Khayat A. S. J. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe NOMAD‐UVIS instrument on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has been investigating the Martian atmosphere with the occultation technique since April 2018. Here, we analyze almost two Mars Years of ozone vertical distributions acquired at the day‐night terminator. The ozone retrievals proved more difficult than expected due to spurious detections of ozone caused by instrumental effects, high dust content, and very low values of ozone. This led us to compare the results from three different retrieval approaches: (a) an onion peeling method, (b) a full occultation Optimal Estimation Method, and (c) a direct onion peeling method. The three methods produce consistently similar results, especially where ozone densities are higher. The main challenge was to find reliable criteria to exclude spurious detections of O3, and we finally adopted two criteria for filtering: (a) a detection limit, and (b) the Δχ2 criterion. Both criteria exclude spurious O3 values especially near the perihelion (180° < Ls < 340°), where up to 98% of ozone detections are filtered out, in agreement with general circulation models, that expect very low values of ozone in this season. Our agrees well with published analysis of the NOMAD‐UVIS data set, as we confirm the main features observed previously, that is, the high‐altitude ozone peak around 40 km at high latitudes. The filtering approaches are in good agreement with those implemented for the SPICAM/MEx observations and underline the need to evaluate carefully the quality of ozone retrievals in occultations.
Noise effects on purity and quantum entanglement in terms of physical implementability
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Yang Shuo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantum decoherence due to imperfect manipulation of quantum devices is a key issue in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Standard analyses in quantum information and quantum computation use error rates to parameterize quantum noise channels. However, there is no explicit relation between the decoherence effect induced by a noise channel and its error rate. In this work, we propose to characterize the decoherence effect of a noise channel by the physical implementability of its inverse, which is a universal parameter quantifying the difficulty to simulate the noise inverse with accessible quantum channels. We establish two concise inequalities connecting the decrease of the state purity and logarithmic negativity after a noise channel to the physical implementability of the noise inverse, which is required to be decomposed as mutually orthogonal unitaries or product channels respectively. Our results are numerically demonstrated on several commonly adopted two-qubit noise models. We believe that these relations contribute to the theoretical research on the entanglement properties of noise channels and provide guiding principles for quantum circuit design.
Low-data interpretable deep learning prediction of antibody viscosity using a biophysically meaningful representation
Authors: Rai Brajesh K. , Apgar James R. , Bennett Eric M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeep learning, aided by the availability of big data sets, has led to substantial advances across many disciplines. However, many scientific problems of practical interest lack sufficiently large datasets amenable to deep learning. Prediction of antibody viscosity is one such problem where deep learning methods have not yet been explored due to the relative scarcity of relevant training data. In this work, we overcome this limitation using a biophysically meaningful representation that enables us to develop generalizable models even under limited training data. We present, PfAbNet-viscosity, a 3D convolutional neural network architecture, to predict high-concentration viscosity of therapeutic antibodies. We show that with the electrostatic potential surface of the antibody variable region as the only input to the network, the models trained on as few as couple dozen datapoints can generalize with high accuracy. Our feature attribution analysis shows that PfAbNet-viscosity has learned key biophysical drivers of viscosity. The applicability of our approach to other biological systems is discussed.
Articulatory effects on perceptions of men’s status and attractiveness
Authors: Karthikeyan Sethu , Puts David A. , Aung Toe , Link Jennifer K. , Rosenfield Kevin , Mackiel Alexander , Casey Allisen , Marks Kaelyn , Cristo Michele , Patel Jenny , Santos Aliza , Geher Glenn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch on heterosexual mating has demonstrated that acoustic parameters (e.g., pitch) of men’s voices influence their attractiveness to women and appearance of status and formidability to other men. However, little is known about how men’s tendency to clearly articulate their speech influences these important social perceptions. In the current study, we used a repeated-measures design to investigate how men’s articulatory clarity or conformity influenced women’s (N = 45) evaluations of men’s attractiveness for both short- and long-term relationships, and men's (N = 46) evaluations of physical formidability and prestige. Results largely supported our hypotheses: men who enunciated phonemes more distinctly were more attractive to women for long-term relationships than short-term relationships and were perceived by other men to have higher prestige than physical dominance. These findings suggest that aspects of articulatory behavior that influence perceptions of prestige and long-term mating attractiveness may indicate an early social history characterized by high socioeconomic status, likely owing to crystallization of articulatory patterns during the critical period of language development. These articulatory patterns may also be honest signals of condition or disposition owing to the nature of complex, multicomponent traits, which deserve further empirical attention.
Design and operation of high-power permanent magnet speed regulator used in industry
Authors: Lu Yimin , Wang Xiangdong , Yang Chunlai , Shao Long , Zhu Hui , Wang Aike , Xu ManMan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA high-power permanent magnet speed regulator is applied to a cooling water pump for conserving energy during the steel production in Magang (Group) Holding Co., Ltd. The designed setup of high-power permanent magnet speed regulator with a mobile base is shown in this manuscript, and the magnetic eddy under the different meshing area between driving and driven shafts has been simulated. And estimation indicates that the magnet speed regulator-controlled cooling water pump can save electric energy by 22%, about 1,756,400 kW·h per year, compared to the traditional valve-controlled pump, and the waste heat generated by this setup is below 5 ten-thousandths of the shaft power. Meanwhile, the permanent magnet speed regulator has a much lower vibration because of this non-contact way between the driving and driven shafts.
Unsupervised anomaly detection with generative adversarial networks in mammography
Authors: Park Seungju , Lee Kyung Hwa , Ko Beomseok , Kim Namkug 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is a common cancer among women, and screening mammography is the primary tool for diagnosing this condition. Recent advancements in deep-learning technologies have triggered the implementation of research studies via mammography. Semi-supervised or unsupervised methods are often used to overcome the limitations of supervised learning, such as manpower and time, for labeling in clinical situations where abnormal data are significantly lacking. Accordingly, we proposed a generative model that uses a state-of-the-art generative network (StyleGAN2) to create high-quality synthetic mammographic images and an anomaly detection method to detect breast cancer on mammograms in unsupervised methods. The generation model was trained via only normal mammograms and breast cancer classification was performed via anomaly detection using 50 breast cancer and 50 normal mammograms that did not overlap with the dataset for generative model learning. Our generative model has shown comparable fidelity to real images, and the anomaly detection method via this generative model showed high sensitivity, demonstrating its potential for breast cancer screening. This method could differentiate between normal and cancer-positive mammogram and help overcome the weakness of current supervised methods.
Efficient breast cancer mammograms diagnosis using three deep neural networks and term variance
Authors: Elkorany Ahmed S. , Elsharkawy Zeinab F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is spreading more and more every day. Therefore, a patient's life can be saved by its early discovery. Mammography is frequently used to diagnose BC. The classification of mammography region of interest (ROI) patches (i.e., normal, malignant, or benign) is the most crucial phase in this process since it helps medical professionals to identify BC. In this paper, a hybrid technique that carries out a quick and precise classification that is appropriate for the BC diagnosis system is proposed and tested. Three different Deep Learning (DL) Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models—namely, Inception-V3, ResNet50, and AlexNet—are used in the current study as feature extractors. To extract useful features from each CNN model, our suggested method uses the Term Variance (TV) feature selection algorithm. The TV-selected features from each CNN model are combined and a further selection is performed to obtain the most useful features which are sent later to the multiclass support vector machine (MSVM) classifier. The Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) image database was used to test the effectiveness of the suggested method for classification. The mammogram's ROI is retrieved, and image patches are assigned to it. Based on the results of testing several TV feature subsets, the 600-feature subset with the highest classification performance was discovered. Higher classification accuracy (CA) is attained when compared to previously published work. The average CA for 70% of training is 97.81%, for 80% of training, it is 98%, and for 90% of training, it reaches its optimal value. Finally, the ablation analysis is performed to emphasize the role of the proposed network’s key parameters.