bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitance Among Adolescents and Youths in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Allan Mwiinde Mayaba , Patrick Kaonga , Jacobs Choolwe , Joseph Zulu Mumba , Isaac Fwemba 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems especially sub-Saharan African countries. Vaccination is one of the easily accessible interventions that can help reduce the burden on the health system. However, vaccination coverage remains low in sub-Saharan African countries. The determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitance among adolescents and youths remain unknown. Therefore, this study explored the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitance among Adolescents and Youths in Sub-Saharan African Countries. A systematic literature search of Scopus, PubMed Central, PubMed, Embase, African Journal Online, Research 4 Life, Embase, and Google Scholar was performed from 6th to 9th May 2023, using developed keywords. Studies conducted in sub-Saharan African countries between 20th February 2020 and 14th June 2023 were considered for the study. Twenty-three (N = 23) studies were finally selected for analysis. The prevalence of vaccine acceptance among adolescents and youths was (n = 23) 38.7% in sub-Saharan African countries. The subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of acceptance among adolescents was (n = 13), 36.1% while youths (n = 10), 42%. At the region level West Africa (n = 13) 42.2%, East Africa (n = 6), 39.8%, Central Africa (n = 1), 33%, and Southern Africa (n = 3), 24.2%. The prevalence of vaccine hesitance was (n = 23), 25.3%. The subgroup analysis indicated that the prevalence of acceptance among adolescents was n = 13, 30.7% while youths (n = 10), 41.6%. At the region level Central Africa (n = 1), 67.2, Southern Africa (n = 3), 41.7%, East Africa (n = 6), 34.7% and 3%, and West Africa (n = 13, 31.9%. The meta-regression analysis of determinants of acceptance was self-immunity p < 0.05, health officer p < 0.001, effectiveness p < 0.05, while hesitance was the source of information 0.05. The findings indicate that there is a low level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high levels of hesitance among adolescents and youths in Sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that extensive research is undertaken into age-appropriate health promotion messages and strategies to encourage uptake of the vaccines. Educating individuals on the benefit of vaccination and the expected side effect should be addressed as well as the basic process of vaccine development.
Loss of Bmp2 impairs odontogenesis via dysregulating pAkt/pErk/GCN5/Dlx3/Sp7
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Feng , Yang Guobin , Yuan Guohua , Liu Mengmeng , Goldman Graham , harris stephen , Wang Wei , Chen Zhi , Mary MacDougall 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
BMP2 signaling plays a pivotal role in odontoblast differentiation and maturation during odontogenesis. Teeth lacking Bmp2 exhibit a morphology reminiscent of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), associated with mutations in dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes. Mechanisms by which BMP2 signaling influences expressions of DSPP and DMP1 and contributes to DGI remain elusive. To study the roles of BMP2 in dentin development, we generated Bmp2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Through a comprehensive approach involving RNA-seq, immunohistochemistry, promoter activity, ChIP, and Re-ChIP, we investigated downstream targets of Bmp2. Notably, the absence of Bmp2 in cKO mice led to dentin insufficiency akin to DGI. Disrupted Bmp2 signaling was linked to decreased expression of Dspp and Dmp1, as well as alterations in intracellular translocation of transcription factors Dlx3 and Sp7. Intriguingly, upregulation of Dlx3, Dmp1, Dspp, and Sp7, driven by BMP2, fostered differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells and biomineralization. Mechanistically, BMP2 induced phosphorylation of Dlx3, Sp7, and histone acetyltransferase GCN5 at Thr and Tyr residues, mediated by Akt and Erk42/44 kinases. This phosphorylation facilitated protein nuclear translocation, promoting interactions between Sp7 and Dlx3, as well as with GCN5 on Dspp and Dmp1 promoters. The synergy between Dlx3 and Sp7 bolstered transcription of Dspp and Dmp1. Notably, BMP2-driven GCN5 acetylated Sp7 and histone H3, while also recruiting RNA polymerase II to Dmp1 and Dspp chromatins, enhancing their transcriptions. Intriguingly, BMP2 suppressed the expression of histone deacetylases. we unveil hitherto uncharted involvement of BMP2 in dental cell differentiation and dentine development through pAkt/pErk42/44/Dlx3/Sp7/GCN5/Dspp/Dmp1.
Clinician and Staff Experiences with Frustrated Patients during an Electronic Health Record Transition: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Ball Sherry L. , Kim Bo , Cutrona Sarah L. , Molloy-Paolillo Brianne K. , Ahlness Ellen , Moldestad Megan , PsyD George Sayre , Rinne Seppo T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) transitions are known to be highly disruptive, can drastically impact clinician and staff experiences, and may influence patients’ experiences using the electronic patient portal. Clinicians and staff can gain insights into patient experiences and be influenced by what they see and hear from patients. Through the lens of an emergency preparedness framework, we examined clinician and staff reactions to and perceptions of their patients’ experiences with the portal during an EHR transition at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
Methods: This qualitative case study was situated within a larger multi-methods evaluation of the EHR transition. We conducted a total of 122 interviews with 30 clinicians and staff across disciplines at the initial VA EHR transition site before, immediately after, and up to 12 months after go-live (September 2020-November 2021). Interview transcripts were coded using a priori and emergent codes. The coded text segments relevant to patient experience and clinician interactions with patients were extracted and analyzed to identify themes. For each theme, recommendations were defined based on each stage of an emergency preparedness framework (mitigate, prepare, respond, recover).
Results: Participants expressed concerns about the reliability of communicating with their patients via secure messaging within the new EHR portal. Participants felt ill-equipped to field patients’ questions and frustrations navigating the new portal. Participants learned that patients experienced difficulties learning to use and accessing the portal; when unsuccessful, some had difficulties obtaining medication refills via the portal and used the call center as an alternative. However, long telephone wait times provoked patients to walk into the clinic for care, often frustrated and without an appointment. Patients needing increased in-person attention heightened participants’ daily workload and their concern for patients’ well-being. Recommendations for each theme fit within a stage of the emergency preparedness framework.
Conclusions: Application of an emergency preparedness framework to EHR transitions could help address the concerns raised by the participants, 1) mitigating disruptions by identifying at-risk patients before the transition, 2) preparing end-users by disseminating patient-centered informational resources, 3) responding by building capacity for disrupted services, and 4) recovering by monitoring integrity of the new portal function.
CEP55 leads to poor prognosis of glioma by regulating the stemness and immune microenvironment
Authors: Chen Desheng , Yao Jiawei , Lv Xiangqi , Li Yang , Yu Shan , Hu Bowen , Kuang Liangwen , Xu Binshun , Liu Haiyu , Dou Chao , Yao Penglei , Xia Songsong , Ma Xinqi , Yang Qingsong , Zhao Yan , Wang Guangzhi , Guo Mian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
High recurrence rate of glioma makes it difficult to treat. The tumor microenvironment- and the presence of stem cells- in glioma are believed to be important factors in regulating its recurrence. The role of centrosomal protein 55 (CEP55) in promoting mitosis and regulating tumorigenesis in various cancers has been previously explored. We comprehensively sought to reveal the regulatory role of CEP55 in glioma.We analyzed the data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and Chinese glioma genome atlas (CGGA) database by bioinformatic and validated it in glioma-initiating cells (GIC) as well as in animal model. The overexpression of CEP55 in glioma is associated with the poor prognosis. The GO and KEGG analysis of the module most related to CEP55 from the WGCNA results were found to be enriched in genes associated DNA replication and cell cycle. The second most significant module were enriched in genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM receptor interaction. The immune infiltration analysis showed that the overexpression of CEP55 is associated with the levels of higher immune infiltration and immune checkpoint genes allowing accurate identification of glioma subtypes.Our study is a preliminary demonstration of the multifaceted role of CEP55 in glioma regulation. CEP55 promotes the malignant progression of glioma by both regulating glioma stem cells and the immune microenvironment thus, providing a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
Immunostimulatory/immunodynamic model of mRNA-1273 to guide pediatric vaccine dose selection
Authors: Attarwala Husain , Deng Weiping , Ding Baoyu , Schnyder Ghamloush Sabine , Girard Bethany , Iqbal Javid , Ivaturi Vijay , Minnikanti Saugandhika , Zhou Honghong , Miller Jacqueline , Das Rituparna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA-1273, have been rapidly developed and deployed. To develop a safe and effective vaccine, establishing the optimal dose is crucial, and is where modeling and simulation can be used to guide vaccine dose selection and development. We developed an immunostimulatory/immunodynamic (IS/ID) model to quantitatively characterize the neutralizing antibody titers elicited by mRNA-1273 obtained from three clinical studies and to predict the optimal vaccine dose for future pediatric trials. A 25-µg primary vaccine series was predicted to meet non-inferiority criteria in young children (aged 2-5 years) and infants (aged 6-23 months); geometric mean titers and geometric mean ratios for this dose level predicted using the IS/ID model a priori matched those observed in the pediatric clinical study. These findings demonstrate that IS/ID models represent a novel approach to guide data-driven clinical dose selection of vaccines.
Empowering Education and Advancing Research: Exploring the Benefits, Opportunities, and Challenges of Tech Trends Using AI Tools
Authors: N Abhishek , Devesh Sonal , Dinesh Sahana , Kulal Abhinandan , Suraj Neethu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study is aimed at analyzing the perceptions of the use of AI tools in education and research among university teachers and assesses the influence of awareness, benefits, opportunities, and challenges of AI tools for education and research. Mixed design with qualitative and quantitative approaches was used in the study. The data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire from a sample of 177 teachers and was analyzed using the logistic regression analysis technique. The study revealed that Awareness and challenges were the two factors that have a significant influence on the usage of advanced tools in the education sector, whereas benefits and opportunities are insignificant. The reason for these results may be that the teachers may be aware of the use of these tools and their challenges. Due to their nascent stage, the benefits and opportunities of AI tools have still not come into the limelight. Awareness positively impacts its usage whereas Challenges have a negative influence. Many experts and educational institutions view AI tools are the bane to education and research but the outcome of this research will become evidence and guidance to academicians, researchers, regulators, and educational institutions to promote these technologies in a more advanced way by taking into consideration of various ethical aspects. AI tools are a matter of debate today in all the fields of life and education is not an exception. To transform education and research to a remarkable point it is necessary to promote AI tools. This study may help educational institutions and regulators to frame a policy with monitored restrictions on the usage of these technologies in education and research to promote their implementation in an ethical and integrity manner.
Mucosal immunization with the Lung Lactobacillus-Derived Amphiphilic Exopolysaccharide adjuvanted recombinant vaccine improved protection against P. aeruginosa infection
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhang Haochi , Sheng Shouxin , Li Chunhe , Bao Xuemei , Zhao Lixia , chen Jian , Guan Pingyuan , Li Xiaoyan , Pan Na , Liang Yanchen , Wang Xueqi , Sun Jingmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa are a major health problem globally. The only therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa-induced infections, to date, is antibiotic treatment. A protective vaccine is urgently needed in view of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains associated with high-mortality cases; however, traditional vaccines are applied parenterally with adjuvants meant to induce a powerful serotype-dependent response which often fail to drive mucosal immune protection. Therefore, the development of vaccines targeting localized mucosal and disseminated systemic immune responses may represent a promising avenue for future research on P. aeruginosa vaccination. In this study, we investigated the lung microbiota-Lactobacillus plantarum WXD301-derived exopolysaccharide with excellent self-assembly properties that enable the formation of a homogeneous nanovaccine when encapsulating model antigens. Importantly, the delivery system effectively penetrated the nasal mucous layer and prolonged antigen retention. We subsequently developed a nano-P. aeruginosa vaccine candidate, EPS301@rPcrV, which provided effective and sustained protection against P. aeruginosa pneumonia that surpassed the durability achieved with the "gold standard" cholera toxin as an adjuvant. The EPS301-adjuvanted vaccine formulation elicited robust mucosal IgA and Th17/γδ17 T cell responses, surpassing those induced by the CTB-adjuvanted vaccination. Notably, these responses were sustained for a duration exceeding 112 days. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that pulmonary CD4 T cells and γδ T cells, rather than humoral immunity, played an indispensable role in conferring protection against pneumonic P. aeruginosa infection following EPS301 adjuvanted vaccination. Intriguingly, IL-17A knockout mice exhibited lower survival rates, impaired bacterial clearance ability, and exacerbated lung tissue damage upon EPS301 adjuvanted vaccination against P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia, indicating an IL-17A-dependent mechanism of action. In conclusion, our findings provided direct evidence that EPS301@rPcrV vaccine is a promising candidate for future clinical application against P. aeruginosa-induced pulmonary infection.
Data-driven development of an oral lipid-based nanoparticle formulation of a hydrophobic drug
Authors: Bao Zeqing , Yung Fion , Hickman Riley J. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán , Bannigan Pauric , Allen Christine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to its cost-effectiveness, convenience, and high patient adherence, oral drug administration often remains the preferred approach. Yet, the effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs via the oral route is often hindered by their limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism. To mitigate these challenges, advanced delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been developed to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and enhance their bioavailability. However, traditional design methodologies for these complex formulations often present intricate challenges because they are restricted to a relatively narrow design space. Here, we present a data-driven approach for the accelerated design of SLNs/NLCs encapsulating a model hydrophobic drug, cannabidiol, that combines experimental automation and machine learning. A small subset of formulations, comprising 10% of all formulations in the design space, was prepared in-house, leveraging miniaturized experimental automation to improve throughput and decrease the quantity of drug and materials required. Machine learning models were then trained on the data generated from these formulations and used to predict properties of all SLNs/NLCs within this design space (i.e., estimated to be more than 1200 formulations). Notably, formulations predicted to be high-performers via this approach were confirmed to significantly enhance the solubility of the drug by up to 3000-fold and prevent drug degradation. Moreover, our high-performance formulations significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of the drug compared to both its free form and an over-the-counter version. Furthermore, this bioavailability matched that of a formulation equivalent in composition to the FDA-approved product, Epidiolex®.
A technique for repeated blood and cerebrospinal fluid sampling from individual rats over time without the need for repeated anaesthesia
Authors: Strong Michael , Santandrea Erin , Aliakbari Farhang , Truscott Emily , McCaig Lynda , Donison Neil , Graham Danielle , Volkening Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ethical animal use follows the 3R’s: reduction, reuse and replacement. Here we present the use of simultaneous jugular vein and cisterna magna catheterization with a port system in rats for repeated fluid sampling for 14 consecutive days without losing catheter patency. This technique allows repeated intra-animal sampling and if used with pooling samples from a cohort of animals, replaces the need for terminal collections for sufficient sample volumes.
Transparent Glass Film Detection by Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Lue Joann-Hwa , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Chen Yu-Yang , Huang Shuan-Yu , Lin Fen-Chi , Wang Hsiang-Chen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, we present an innovative approach for the identification and quantification of transparent glass films through hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The primary objective of this research entails the development of a conversion algorithm for rendering spectral information from captured imagery, specifically within the visible light and near-infrared (NIR) regions. When applied to industrial camera-generated images, this algorithm facilitates the acquisition of pertinent spectral data. The subsequent phase of this inquiry involves the application of principal component analysis to the acquired HSI images that stem from distinct processed glass samples. This analytical process normalizes the intensity of light wavelengths that are inherent in the HSI images. We derive the simulated spectral profiles by applying the Beer–Lambert law in conjunction with the generalized inverse matrix method to the normalized HSI images. These profiles are subsequently aligned with spectroscopic data collected through microscopic imaging, culminating in the visualization of characteristic dispersion patterns. The thickness of the glass processing film is successfully rendered in a visually discernible manner by employing innovative image coloring techniques. In accordance with the empirical findings, variations in the thickness of the glass coating within the NIR-HSI domain engender notable alterations in infrared transmittance across distinct wavelengths that encompass the NIR spectrum. This phenomenon provides the basis for film thickness analysis. Remarkably, the average root-mean-square error within the NIR region only amounts to 0.02, underscoring the precision of our approach. Prospective avenues of inquiry that stem from this research include the integration of the developed methodology into the conception of a real-time, large-area automated optical inspection system.
Investigation of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and discitis: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Ge Weiming , Ding Junhui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have identified a possible association between gut microbiota and discitis, but not clarified this relationship.
Methods: The aim of this study was to apply Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques in order to fully explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and discitis. In terms of research methods, we adopted a variety of analysis strategies, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, etc. In order to ensure the reliability of the research results, we have carefully considered several aspects. In particular, we introduce the false discovery rate (FDR) method to effectively correct for multiple hypothesis testing problems that may arise. In addition, in order to evaluate the validity and robustness of the instrumental variables used, we implemented a series of rigorous analytical measures. These measures include MR-Egger intercept test, global analysis of Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), heterogeneity analysis, and retention analysis. Notably, we also tested the genetic association of gut microbiota with disdiscitis using Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to ensure the rigor of the study.
Results: IVW results showed that high abundance of Butyricoccus(OR=0.23, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.10-0.53, P=6.3E-04), Coprobacter (OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.36-0.96, P=3.24E-02), or Romboutsia (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.99, P=4.5E-02) could reduce the risk of developing discitis. High abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.67, P=4.77E-02), Haemophilus (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.44-4.76, P=1.56E-03), and Intestinimonas (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.01- 4.06, P=4.67E-02) were risk factors for discitis. However, after FDR correction, only Butyricicoccus and Haemophilus were found to be associated with discitis. In addition, the horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of instrumental variables were not tested. The LDSC results suggested that the causal inference between gut microbiota and discitis would not be confounded by co-inheritance.
Conclusion: The present MR study provides genetic evidence that Butyricicoccus and Haemophilus are causally related to discitis. This study fills in the gaps in the knowledge of the causal relationship between gut microbiota and disdiscitis, and provides innovative suggestions for the prevention and treatment of disdiscitis.