bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Рақамли излар назариясига доир айрим масалалар
Authors: Хамидов Бахтиёржон 
Published: February 2023

Ушбу мақолада рақамли излар концепциясининг илмий ва назарий асослари муҳокама қилинади. Хусусан, тадқиқотда рақамли излар борасида назарияга таклиф этилган турли қарашлар танқидий кўриб чиқилган. Тадқиқотда рақамли излар бўйича АҚШ, Россия, Европа ва МДҲ давлатлари криминалист олимлари томонидан таклиф этилган концепциялар тадқиқ этилган.
Тадқиқотчи рақамли излар концепцияси унинг техник хусусиятидан келиб чиқиб белгиланиши лозим, деган ғояни илгари суради. Шу боис, назарияга таклиф этилган электрон излари, ахборот излари, бинар излар, виртуал излар ҳамда рақамли излар каби концепцияларни қиёсий таҳлил этади.
Муаллиф технологик ривожланишлар натижасида мазкур излар нафақат инсон омили билан, балки муайян техник ёки кибержараёнлар натижасида ҳам юзага келиши мумкин, деб ҳисоблайди. Тадқиқотда рақамли изларнинг актив ва пассив турларига алоҳида эътибор қаратилган. Шу билан бирга, рақамли изларнинг мазмуни, шакли ва техник хусусиятлари бўйича муаллифлик хулосалари шакллантирилган.
Мақола рақамли излар билан ишлаш соҳасида олиб борилган илмий-амалий тадқиқотлар, назариётчи олимлар ва амалиётчиларнинг фикр-мулоҳазалари ҳамда техник тадқиқотлар асосида тайёрланган.
Analysis of Farmer’s Group Functions in the Adoption Process of Superior Seed Innovation in Waimital Village, Kairatu District
Authors: Damanik Inta P. N. , Tahitu Meilvis E. , Kembauw Esther 
Published: February 2023

The objective of this research was to analyze the function of farmer groups in the process of adopting superior seed innovation in Waimital Village, including Inpari Sidenuk. The research was conducted in Waimital Village as one of the centers of rice production in Maluku. The research population was all farmer groups who participated in the trial of planting superior seeds of Inpari Sidenuk, there were 11 groups and all of groups was taken as sample with 82 farmers as group member. The data were analyzed using a simple statistical test, namely cross tabulation and then was interpreted according to the research objectives. The results showed that according to the farmers the function of farmer groups (as a vehicle for learning and for collaboration) was useful in general, but in making the decision to adopt or not to adopt a superior seed, including Inpari Sidenuk, there was no farmer group involvement. Each farmer was free to decide whether or not to adopt the new superior seeds. After the trial planting, the majority of farmers did not adopt seeds of Inpari Sidenuk because they worried about the availability of the seed and other production facilities and the difficulties to sell the yields. These worries should be anticipated by farmer groups by increasing the capacity of farmer groups as a vehicle for learning and collaboration. For example, making farmer groups as "farm shops" and as "farm product marketing agents". For this, it is necessary to make improvements of farmer group management, make cooperation with distributors of agricultural production facilities and with product buyers. Another thing is to keep quality, quantity, and continuously product.
Investigation of Investor-State Arbitration Problems in Afghanistan
Authors: Nikzad Nezamuddin , Anwari Gulaqa 
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this research is to explain and identify the major Investor-State Arbitration (ISA) problems in Afghanistan. Afghanistan's government is committed to providing legal security for the resolution of foreign investment disputes. The dispute resolution system's assessment is very important for foreign investors because they pay special attention to the dispute resolution system and consider it a criterion for their investments. This research will be the first comprehensive study about the Investor-State Arbitration problems in Afghanistan. In the writing of this research, the library method has been used. To extract reasons, laws, books, articles, and reliable scientific sources have been used. Afghanistan is a good market for foreign investment because it has good investment opportunities in different sectors. Foreign investors can choose the easiest and best mechanisms, such as arbitration in their contracts to deal with disputes. But the resolution of foreign investment through arbitration has some problems, and sometimes foreign investors are facing challenges with the settlement of their disputes through arbitration internationally and domestically in Afghanistan.
Therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 on feeding intolerance in preterm infants
Authors: Li Xuran , Xing Meng , Zhang Yinzhu , Yang Ming 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionPreterm infants have an immature gastrointestinal tract with an incomplete establishment of intestinal flora; therefore, they are highly prone to feeding intolerance.To observe the therapeutic effect of specific probiotics (Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938) on feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Material and methodsFifty-six preterm infants delivered between January 2016 and May 2022 were enrolled in this retrospective study. We analysed the clinical data of these children and followed up their treatment outcomes by telephone for 3 to 6 months after discharge. The treatment schemes were scheme A (n = 28), which included adjusted feeding (micro-feeding and intermittent feeding) and oral exercise intervention, and scheme B (n = 28), in which specific probiotics (L. reuteri DSM 17938) were given on the basis of scheme A.ResultsAmong the 56 children were 31 males and 25 females. In scheme B, the duration of switching from intravenous nutrition to full enteral feeding at a gestational age of >28 weeks and a birth weight of ≤1,500 g was significantly different from that in scheme A (P < 0.05). The duration of vomiting at a gestational age of >28 weeks was also statistically significant compared with that of scheme A. There were statistically significant differences in the treatment effect of feeding intolerance in the preterm infants.ConclusionsLactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 combined with the routine treatment of premature infants with feeding intolerance has a better effect. Returning to normal feeding as soon as possible can reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal complications and promote growth in preterm infants.
Acute poisonings among children and adolescents- results of the analysis of 401 cases
Authors: Grabska Kinga , Pilarska Izabela , Stachurski Jan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAcute poisoning is a significant concern in modern pediatrics and emergency medicine, as it is the fifth leading cause of life-threatening injuries in children under 5 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the overall patterns of acute poisoning among pediatric patients admitted to the Emergency Department of the Pediatric Hospital of the Medical University of Warsaw.Material and methodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of children aged 0–18 years admitted to the emergency department due to acute poisoning from January 2020 to June 2021 (18 months).ResultsA total of 401 children aged from 1 month to 18 years old were included in the study. It was the patient’s first poisoning in the vast majority of cases. Most cases were accidental. Acute poisoning was more common among females than males. The most common route of exposure to the poisonous substance was the oral route. The overwhelming majority of patients did not require any antidote treatment. Most children reached the hospital within 1–5 hours after taking the substance and were in generally good condition. Detergents were the most common cause of accidental poisoning, while combined pharmaceuticals and narcotics were the most common causes of intentional intoxication. No deaths were recorded.ConclusionsPediatricians and emergency department staff should be familiar with the management of acute poisoning and be aware of the changing patterns of intoxication depending on age and gender.
Tiempos modernos
Authors: Alfier Alessandro 
Published: February 2023

La fluidez de los tiempos modernos también se establece con el empleo de la tecnología blockchain para crear un nuevo paradigma de confianza al servicio de las relaciones sociales. Por lo tanto, el artículo persigue resaltar cómo el blockchain intenta reemplazar el paradigma tradicional de la confianza, que se basa en dos elementos esenciales: el papel atribuido a las autoridades públicas y el recurso, por su parte, a archivos y registros públicos. Estos últimos surgieron como instrumentos tradicionales de confianza documental, es decir como herramientas con las que se podía disponer de documentos que transmitían contenidos veraces y fidedignos y que así constituían la base de las relaciones sociales. El estudio, al analizar esta fluidez que cuestiona el antiguo paradigma de confianza, destaca un riesgo: el uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte del blockchain trae consigo una visión simplificada, en la que el concepto de confianza se identifica solo con la noción de integridad de la información, olvidando que el mismo concepto también se alimenta de la noción de veracidad de la información. Una cualidad que viene garantizada por los procesos llevados a cabo por los poderes soberanos precisamente a través del recurso a los archivos y registros públicos.
The fluidity of modern times is also realized as blockchain technology use, to create a new paradigm of trust for the construction of social relations. The essay therefore aims to highlight how the blockchain intends to replace the traditional paradigm of trust which rests on two essential elements: the role attributed to public authorities and their use of archives and public registers. So the latter emerge as traditional tools of documentary trust, with which it is possible to create records that convey truthful contents, absolutely necessary for social relations. The essay, in analisying this fluidity that questions the ancient paradigm of trust, highlights a precise risk: the use of blockchain technologies is accompanied by a simplified vision, in which the concept of trust is only identified with the notion of information integrity, forgetting that the same concept is also based on the notion of information truthfulness, a quality guaranteed by the processes carried out by the sovereign powers precisely through the use of archives and public registers.
Inteligencia artificial en los archivos
Authors: Barnard Amozurrutia Alicia , Bernal Astorga Yaminel , Cuéllar Hidalgo Rodrigo , Escoto Velázquez Claudia Alin , García-Velázquez Luis Miguel 
Published: February 2023

Se ofrece una aproximación a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) desde la archivística, así como a su uso para el tratamiento automatizado de datos desde la perspectiva ética y las disposiciones normativas. A continuación, se describe la situación de los archivos en México en función de las posibilidades para la implementación de IA. Se presenta enseguida el proyecto InterPARES Trust AI,[i] que proporciona el marco de análisis para un caso de estudio: el desarrollo de una inteligencia artificial para protección de datos personales en expedientes clínicos realizado en México.[ii] A partir de los hallazgos en este proyecto, se proponen directrices para el diseño de IA en el entorno de los archivos, en particular, para la protección de datos personales.
An approach to AI from archival science is offered, as well as its use in data processing from an ethical perspective and regulatory provisions. Next, the situation of the archives in Mexico is described based on the possibilities for the implementation of IA. Subsequently, the InterPARES Trust AI project is presented, which provides the analysis framework for a case study: the development of an artificial intelligence for the protection of personal data in clinical records carried out in Mexico. Based on the findings in this project, guidelines are proposed for the design of AI in the archive environment for the protection of personal data.
Aproximación al valor legal probatorio de los documentos electrónicos
Authors: Herrero Pombo César 
Published: February 2023

Si el marco regulatorio se centra en el documento, parece necesario ofrecer pequeñas orientaciones respecto al valor legal probatorio de los documentos administrativos, al menos mientras no se superen ciertos atavismos de papel y prevalezcan determinadas garantías de la preservación centradas en los esquemas estructurados de metadatos y la firma electrónica subyaciendo o envolviendo al contenido.
If the regulatory framework focuses on the document, it seems necessary to offer little guidance regarding the evidentiary legal value of administrative documents, at least while certain atavisms of paper are not overcome and certain preservation guarantees prevail focused on structured metadata schemes and the electronic signature underlying or wrapping the content.
¿Nuevos archivos, nuevas memorias?
Authors: Andaur Gómez Gabriela 
Published: February 2023

En el contexto chileno, donde el desarrollo archivístico es aún incipiente, parece tomar forma una tendencia hacia la generación de iniciativas de rescate documental y conformación de archivos por parte de distintas agrupaciones y sectores de la sociedad. En este artículo, se presentan indicios de este aparente fenómeno, a través de tres casos particulares. Para su abordaje, se incorporan elementos teóricos y reflexiones desde la archivística y otras disciplinas, que vinculan a los archivos con procesos de construcción de memorias. Finalmente, se delinean algunos rasgos generales de este fenómeno y se plantean preguntas que podrían contribuir a su comprensión, en beneficio de la preservación hacia el futuro de un registro más diverso de la sociedad actual.
In the Chilean context, archival practice is still in a phase of early development. However, it is possible to observe a trend toward the generation of initiatives for safeguarding records and creating archives by different groups and sectors of society. This article presents three cases that seem to prove this apparent phenomenon. Theoretical elements and reflections from archival science and other disciplines which have linked archives with processes of memory formation are incorporated. Also, the article outlines some general characteristics observed in the cases described. Finally, it presents new questions that arise, which, if responded to, could contribute to effectively preserving a more diverse record of today's society.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Obat Generik, Obat Bermerk, Dan Obat Paten
Authors: Puspita Nabila Ayu , Rissa Mexsi Mutia 
Published: February 2023

Berdasarkan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional pada tahun 2013 secara nasional terdapat 31,9% rumah tangga yang mengetahui atau pernah mendengar mengenai obat generik. Obat generik adalah obat dengan nama resmi yang telah ditetapkan untuk zat berkhasiat yang dikandungnya. Obat bermerk adalah obat yang dipasarkan dengan nama dagang tertentu yang di daftarkan oleh produsennya. Obat paten adalah obat yang baru di produksi dan memiliki hak paten selama 20 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan pasien tentang obat generik, obat bermerk, dan obat paten di Apotek Sari Dewi Palagan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data kuesioner yang telah di uji validasi dan reabilitas. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 233 dengan sampel sebanyak 70 responden. Hasil pada penelitian ini masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan dengan kategori sangat kurang sebanyak 1 responden (1%) dan kategori baik sebanyak 38 responden (54%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Obat Generik, Obat Bermerk, dan Obat Paten di Apotek Sari Dewi Palagan termasuk dalam kategori baik yaitu 54%.
Critical Examination of the Relationship Between Land Taxation and Total Internal Revenue Generated in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Orekan Atinuke 
Published: February 2023

The study examined the relationship between land tax and total IGR as well as the proportion land taxes constitute in the total IGR for a period of twelve years. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire, personal interviews and review of government documents. Questionnaires were administered to the 31 top management staff at the Board of Internal Revenue Services in Kano State. At the Bureau of Land Management in Kano State, questionnaires were also administered to 25 senior cadre officers. Personal interviews were also conducted. Using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the result of the study showed that there was a positive relationship between land taxes and total IGR in Kano States and the strength of association was strong i.e., (0.989) in Kano State. By implication, land tax forms a major source of revenue in the two study areas. In view of this, the study concluded that for government to continue to provide the necessary infrastructure and also maintain them through revenue from land tax, government needs to take into consideration a good property statistics and information together with the property owners, tax laws need to be reviewe\d to tackle tax evasion and at the same time, government should be ready to give proper account of revenue realised through land taxation and this should be published accordingly.
PENENTUAN ALAT PENANGGULANGAN MASALAH KEPASIRAN DI SUMUR Y LAPANGAN KALREZ PETROLEUM (SERAM) LTD
Authors: Ratuarat Yan Ridolf , Nirmala Gerry 
Published: February 2023

Masalah kepasiran merupakan salah satu tantangan utama pada industri minyak dan gas khususnya di sektor hulu. Banyak industri migas relah menghabiskan jutaan dolar pada setiap tahun demi mencegah serta mengatasi masalah produksi pasir dari formasi unconsolidated yang dapat menyebabkan kerugian produksi dan kerusakan pada downhole equipment. Oleh karena itu, diperluakan stimulasi sumur supaya menghindari masalah kepasiran agar produksi sumur dapat beroperasi dengan lancar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kalrez Petroleum (Seram) Ltd yang mana lapangan ini merupakan lapangan tua yang sudah beroperasi sejak tahun 1939 sehingga banyak permasalahan yang terjadi pada sumur-sumur minyak di lapangan tersebut dan yang paling sering terjadi dan dihadapi pada lapangan tersebut adalah masalah kepasiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk dapar menentukan peralatan dan jenis alar penanggulangan kepasiran yang tepat pada sumur Y lapangan Kalrez. Dari analisa, didapatkan bahwa alat penganggulangan kepasiran yang dapat digunakan adalah sand screen. Sand screen merupakan salah satu alat yang digunakan sebagai filter media untuk mencegah agar tidak terproduksi pasir. Tipe sand screen yang digunakan adalah premium screen.
ANALISIS UTILITAS REFUELLER DALAM OPERASI PENYALURAN DI DPPU A PT P
Authors: Heitasari Dwi Nurma , Al Fayyadh Muhammad Daffa 
Published: February 2023

Dampak gelombang pandemi Covid-19 terhadap dunia penerbangan yang terkait langsung dengan mobilitas manusia tentunya akan mempengaruhi penggunaan sarana dan fasilitas distribusi Avtur/Jet A-1, termasuk juga refueller. Penulis mengangkat masalah ini menjadi judul penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persentase utilitas dari sarana dan fasilitas penyaluran DPPU A PT P, yaitu refueller. Subjek data pada penelitian ini adalah data historis thruput Avtur/Jet A-1 dari April 2020 hingga Maret 2022 atau sebanyak dua periode masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil dari analisis menyatakan bahwa adanya kesenjangan persentase utilitas antara refueller satu dengan lainnya. Persentase utilitas pada masing-masing refueller secara berturut-turut pada periode April 2020 hingga Maret 2021 diantaranya 5,34%; 4,07%; 24,47`%; 21,34%; 60,56% dan secara keseluruhan berjumlah 23,88%. Sedangkan, persentase utilitas pada masing-masing refueller secara berturut-turut pada periode April 2021 hingga Maret 2022 diantaranya 5,28%; 4,03%; 24,22`%; 21,13%; 59,95% dan secara keseluruhan berjumlah 23,73%. Apabila didapatkan bahwa persentase utilisasi dibawah 100%, dapat dinyatakan bahwa tidak terjadi overused pada refueller. Namun pada kasus persentase utilitas yang terlalu rendah, maka harus diselidiki penyebabnya dan kemungkinan pada beberapa periode kedepan. Jika setelah diprediksikan masih persentase utilitas masih jauh dibawah angka 100%, maka perlu dipertimbangkan solusi dan kebijakan dari PT P.
Perbandingan Metode Round Trip Time & Vehicle Routing Problem Time Windows Dalam Pemilihan Supply Point Pada Proses Distribusi Pertashop
Authors: Heitasari Dwi Nurma , Ghifari Muhammad Kemal 
Published: February 2023

Pertashop adalah program terbaru dari PT . Pertamina dalam rangka menyalurkan produk ke seluruh pelosok negeri. Pertashop tersebar di beberapa wilayah Indonesia termasuk di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. wilayah Jawa Tengah ini memiliki 11 kabupaten dan terdiri dari beberapa supply point atau depot yang menjadi tempat penyimpanan produk secara sementara, yakni Integrated Terminal X dan membawahi Fuel Terminal Y. Dengan tersebar nya Pertashop di berbagai kabupaten tersebut, terdapat pengkajian ulang Pemilihan Supply Point untuk wilayah kabupaten Z. Penyaluran Pertamax ke Pertashop yang berada di Kabupaten Z ini di Supply dari Integrated Terminal X. Dalam proses penyaluran memiliki waktu penyaluran yang sangat lama atau bisa terjadi dalam waktu 21.2 jam, permasalahan tersebut dapat di analisis menggunakan metode VRPTW (Vehicle Routing Problem Time Windows) yang mana dengan Metode ini menghitung waktu operasional yang di butuhkan dari Depot ke 8 Pertashop dan kembali lagi ke Depot dengan menggunakan mobil 16 Kl, dan juga dengan VRPTW ini dapat di bandingkan dengan metode RTT (Round Trip Time) atau waktu bolak balik yang di hiitung di setiap Pertashop, berdasarkan perbandingan tersebut didapatkan bahwa metode VRPTW (Vehicle Routing Problem Time Windows) memang sudah efektif untuk digunakan\, dan setelah di kaji ulang pemilihan Supply Point, dan setelah Supply Point di pindahkan ke Fuel Terminal Y di dapatkan Penghematan dari hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode VRPTW sebesar 15.6 jam atau penghematan sebesar 4.5 jam atau penghematan.
Analisis Loses pada proses penimbunan produk pertamax di YZ
Authors: Kanyoma Isna , Lukman Pratama Ibnu 
Published: February 2023

Proses Penimbunan merupakan sebuah kegiatan penyimpanan produk bahan bakar minyak BBM dalam jumlah yang mencukupi untuk jangka waktu tertentu. Salah satu penimbunan produk pada PT Pertamina Fuel Terminal YZ adalah produk pertamax. Pertamax adalah jenis bahan bakar dengan angka oktan 92. Produk ini juga merupakan bahan bakar minyak yang di produksi oleh pertamina. Di PT Fuel Terminal YZ pada proses penimbunan produk pertamax terjadi kehilangan volume dari cairan tersebut ini atau biasa disebut dengan losses. Losses yang terjadi disebabkan oleh perubahan suhu dalam tangki, evaporasi atau penguapan serta faktor lingkungan. Dari permasalahan tersebut maka dapat dianalisa perhitungan nilai losses dengan menggunakan metode perhitungan breathing loss. Di dapatkan rata-rata per tiga bulan dari losses pada tangki produk pertamax di PT Pertamina Fuel Termianl YZ sebesar 0,0021%. Dimana nilai losses yang di toleransi oleh PT Pertamina Fuel Terminal YZ sebesar 0,13% sehingga nilai losses berdasarkan perhitungan masih kecil atau dapat ditoleransi.