bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Assessment and Motivations of Potential Donors Within the First Australian Uterine Transplant Trial
Authors: Gerstl Brigitte , Mallinder Hayley , Baker Tamika , Euler‐Vestey Pia , Kehag Eva , Stone Meredith , Lawrence Denise , Pippard Hayley , Arulpragasam Kaushalya , Walch Anna , Campion Finn , McGill Brittany , Deans Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the psychological characteristics, motivations and experiences of potential living donors assessed for the first uterus transplant (UTx) clinical trial in Australia.DesignMixed methods study.SettingTertiary hospital.Patient(s)Seven female potential UTx donors.Intervention(s)A mixed‐methods design was used to evaluate seven self‐referred potential uterus donors for the UTx program. Potential donors underwent rigorous clinical and psychological screening, including self‐reported psychological assessments. Additionally, five potential donors participated in semi‐structured interviews conducted by the study social worker.Main Outcome Measure(s)Scores from measures of quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress, along with thematic analysis from semi‐structured interviews.Result(s)Thematic analysis identified six key themes: feelings about donating a uterus, health history, informed consent, impact of donation, relationships, and access to educational resources. Several sub‐themes were also identified, including awareness of surgical complications and dynamics of relationships and sexuality. Quantitative results indicated clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in some donors. Overall, the quality‐of‐life scores of the donors were comparable to those of the general Australian female population.Conclusion(s)The study provides a deeper understanding of the psychological profiles and motivations of potential UTx donors in Australia. It reveals the complexity of donor motivations, which include altruistic desires to help others experience pregnancy, and practical considerations. The findings emphasise the need for rigorous psychological screening and continuous support to address potential mental health challenges. These insights are valuable for developing future UTx protocols and support systems to ensure donor wellbeing.
Paediatric breast disease and developmental breast cysts – reflection on 20 years of experience
Authors: Grant Katherine , Bochner Melissa 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionPresentation with breast symptoms in the paediatric population is common but there is little existing literature on the workup and management of breast disease in this population.MethodsRetrospective series of 140 cases of breast disease in the paediatric population managed by a single surgeon in Adelaide, South Australia between 2004 and 2024. Review of patient demographics, presentation, investigation, management and outcomes of various breast symptoms and pathologies using descriptive analysis.ResultsWe reviewed 140 cases including 135 females and 5 males, aged 8–18 years (median = 15). The most common reason for presentation was breast lump (n = 86, 61%), followed by large breasts (n = 13, 9%), asymmetry (n = 11, 8%), abnormal development (n = 8, 6%). Most patients were investigated with ultrasound (n = 101, 71%) and FNA biopsy was performed in cases of non‐diagnostic ultrasound or to distinguish fibroadenoma from phyllodes tumour (n = 17, 12%). There was a single case of malignancy and the most common diagnoses were developmental breast cyst (n = 36, 26%) and fibroadenoma (n = 33, 24%). Gynaecomastia was the only diagnosis in males (n = 5, 4%). Majority of patients were managed non‐operatively (n = 101, 72%), indications for surgery included fibroadenoma (n = 18, 13%), breast hypertrophy (n = 8, 6%) or abnormal breast development (n = 4, 3%).ConclusionWe reviewed 140 cases of breast disease in the paediatric population over a 20‐year period. Malignancy in this population is rare but requires exclusion with history, examination and ultrasound where appropriate. Developmental breast cysts are the most common pathology, require early identification to avoid unnecessary invasive investigation and should be managed expectantly where possible.
Efficacy of HA130 Hemoadsorption in Removing Advanced Glycation End Products in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ramírez‐Guerrero Gonzalo , Reis Thiago , Segovia‐Hernández Barbara , Aranda Francisca , Verdugo Constanza , Pedreros‐Rosales Cristian , Marcello Matteo , León Janina , Rojas Armando , Galli Francesco , Ronco Claudio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) face complications due to the accumulation of protein‐bound uremic toxins, such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Conventional HD techniques inadequately remove AGEs. This study evaluates the efficacy of the HA130 hemoadsorption cartridge combined with high‐flux HD (HF‐HD) in enhancing AGE removal.MethodsThis prospective, single‐center study included 20 maintenance HD patients randomized into two groups: HF‐HD alone (n = 10) and HF‐HD plus hemoadsorption (n = 10). Blood samples were collected before and after a single session to measure carboxymethyllysine (CML), soluble RAGE (sRAGE), prolactin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Reduction ratios (RR) were calculated, including corrected for hemoconcentration (RRc), to ensure accuracy. Statistical analyses included Mann–Whitney U and Chi‐square tests.ResultsThe HF‐HD plus hemoadsorption group showed significantly enhanced removal of CML compared to HF‐HD alone, with RRc of 64.7% [52.6–74.9] versus 39.3% [33.8–49.4], respectively (p = 0.045). Similarly, uncorrected reduction ratios demonstrated a trend favoring hemoadsorption, with values of 57.5% [45.1–70.7] versus 30.3% [19.1–44.5] (p = 0.053). Importantly, sRAGE levels were preserved in both groups (RRc: 23.4% (15.1–30.4) vs. 21.8% (16.6–31.7), p = 0.791), highlighting the safety of hemoadsorption. Other biochemical parameters, including prolactin, PTH, albumin, and electrolytes, showed no significant differences between groups. All sessions were completed without adverse events.ConclusionCombining hemoadsorption with HF‐HD significantly enhances CML removal, as evidenced by corrected RR, without compromising protective sRAGE levels. This innovative approach offers a promising adjunctive therapy for reducing AGEs‐related complications in end‐stage renal disease patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate long‐term outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic characterization and exposure–response relationship of crovalimab in the COMMODORE 1, 2 and 3 and COMPOSER trials of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Cosson Valérie , Fu Rong , Kulasekararaj Austin , Nishimura Jun‐Ichi , Panse Jens , Röth Alexander , Scheinberg Phillip , Tong Hongyan , Yoon Sung‐Soo , Beveridge Leigh , Gotanda Keisuke , Jaminion Félix , Henrich Andrea , Lundberg Pontus , Shi Dayu , Sreckovic Sasha , Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Zilu , Benkali Khaled , Buatois Simon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsCrovalimab is a novel C5 inhibitor administered first intravenously and then subcutaneously in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) naive to complement inhibition or switching from eculizumab or ravulizumab. Crovalimab showed efficacy and safety comparable to eculizumab in the pivotal COMMODORE 2 and supporting studies.MethodsWe characterized crovalimab pharmacokinetics and the relationship between exposure pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, efficacy and safety endpoints using pooled data (healthy volunteers [n = 9], naive [n = 210] and switched [n = 211] patients). Pharmacodynamic biomarkers included 50% complement activity and free C5; normalized lactate dehydrogenase was a marker of haemolysis. Adverse events (AEs) of special interest, related serious AEs, related Grade ≥3 AEs and infections were assessed.ResultsThere was no clinically relevant difference in crovalimab concentrations between naive and switch patients. Bodyweight had a statistically significant impact on crovalimab clearances and volumes of distribution. Thus, the recommended dosing regimen used weight‐based, two‐tiered dosing (100 kg cutoff). Age did not have a clinically meaningful impact on crovalimab exposure. In COMMODORE 2, and the supporting COMMODORE 1 and 3 studies, complete terminal complement activity inhibition was achieved immediately at the end of the initial intravenous infusion and sustained throughout the treatment period in ≥97% of patients. Crovalimab concentrations above ≈100 μg/mL achieved complete inhibition of terminal complement activity, resulting in disease control with normalized lactate dehydrogenase ≤1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN). There was no increased risk of AEs at higher exposure.ConclusionsThese data confirm an effective crovalimab‐dosing regimen that achieves complete terminal complement activity inhibition and disease control in patients with PNH.
Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of cGAS–STING signalling suppresses kidney inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Jiao Baihai , An Changlong , Du Hao , Tran Melanie , Yang Duomeng , Zhao Yuqi , Wang Penghua , Hu Zhaoyong , Zhou Dong , Wang Yanlin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and PurposeChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by inflammation, which can lead to tubular atrophy and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)– stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling in renal inflammation and fibrosis.Experimental ApproachMice with global cGAS deficiency or global or myeloid cell‐specific STING deficiency or wild‐type mice treated with RU.521, a selective cGAS inhibitor, were used to examine the role of cGAS–STING signalling in renal inflammation and fibrosis in a preclinical model of obstructive nephropathy in vivo. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages were used to determine whether tubular epithelial cell‐derived DNA can activate cGAS–STING signalling in vitro.Key ResultsFollowing obstructive injury, cGAS–STING signalling was activated in the kidneys during the development of renal fibrosis. Mice with deficiency of cGAS or STING exhibited significantly less macrophage proinflammatory activation, myofibroblast formation, total collagen deposition, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein production in the kidneys following obstructive injury. Pharmacological inhibition of cGAS with RU.521 reduced macrophage proinflammatory activation, suppressed myofibroblast formation, and attenuated kidney fibrosis following obstructive injury. Mechanistically, cGAS–STING signalling in macrophages is activated by double‐stranded DNA released from damaged tubular epithelial cells, which induces inflammatory responses.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study identifies the cGAS–STING signalling pathway as a critical regulator of macrophage proinflammatory activation during the development of renal fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of cGAS–STING signalling may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CKD.
Molecular Subtyping and Genomic Profiling Expand Precision Medicine in KRAS Wild‐Type Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Su Dan , Ruan Yuli , Shi Yingfei , Cao Dandan , Wu Tong , Dang Tianjiao , Wang Hong , Xin Yaqun , Ma Ming , Meng Hongxue , Liu Chao , Zhang Yanqiao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. While the majority of PDAC cases harbor KRAS mutations, approximately 8%–10% are KRAS wild‐type (KRAS‐WT). These KRAS‐WT tumors often contain actionable mutations and gene fusions, making them more suitable for precision therapies. Identifying these molecular alterations is crucial for improving outcomes in this subset of patients. This retrospective study involved 34 patients with KRAS‐WT PDAC. Genomic profiling was performed using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and RNA sequencing to detect mutations and fusions. Comparative analysis was conducted with TCGA‐PAAD data, and immune infiltration was assessed using bioinformatic deconvolution methods. Targetable alterations were identified in multiple pathways. Key mutations included ATM (18%), PIK3CA (15%), and ROS1 (15%), while actionable gene fusions such as CCDC6‐RET and ETV6‐NTRK3 were present in 10.3% of patients. The gene mutations associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) are predicted to increase sensitivity to platinum‐based chemotherapy (p = 0.047). Tumors with epigenetic regulatory genes mutations (e.g., ARID1A, KMT2C/D) exhibited enhanced immune cell infiltration, highlighting potential responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Kinase fusions (NTRK and RET) were linked to response to larotinib and RET‐specific inhibitors, respectively. KRAS‐WT PDAC contains actionable mutations and fusions, offering significant potential for targeted and immune‐based therapies. Further clinical studies are needed to validate these therapeutic approaches.
“I Really Want to Decide”: Norwegian and Estonian Primary and Secondary School Pupils' Participation in Decision‐Making in School‐Based Physical Activity
Authors: Pardali Eirini , Trangsrud Lise Katrine Jepsen , Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Koni Ingrid , Säre Egle , Lemberg Getter Marie , Mäestu Evelin , Kull Merike , Mandelid Mathias Brekke , Kjønniksen Lise 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores how Norwegian and Estonian primary and secondary school pupils experienced participation in decision‐making within the context of school‐based physical activity. A sample of thirty‐eight pupils, aged ten to fifteen years, participated in nine focus groups. Drawing on Hart's ladder of participation combined with Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis, the analysis presents five themes. Findings revealed a discrepancy between how pupils expressed their views in decision‐making in school‐based physical activity and how they perceived teachers' response to these expressions. It is suggested that future school‐based physical activity programmes should enable all pupils to co‐decide and participate fully.
Zombie firms, state subsidies and aggregate productivity
Authors: Gao Xijie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing firm‐level data from the manufacturing sector in China, I document that zombie firms are larger and less productive, and receive higher subsidy rates on average. The difference in subsidy rates between zombies and non‐zombies reflects both the selection criteria of zombies and the underlying joint distribution of subsidy rate and productivity. I develop a model with heterogeneous firms to quantify the impact of zombies on aggregate productivity. Quantitative exercises show that while both policies—reducing subsidy dispersion and facilitating zombie exits—effectively reduce the zombie rate, the former yields greater productivity gains.
Environmental Historical Geographies
Authors: Hannaford Matthew J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnvironmental historical geography is a diverse, dynamic and active subfield with close connections to environmental history. Here, I examine developments in three overarching and overlapping themes within the subfield: environmental reconstruction, environmental knowledges and discourses, and environmental impacts and interventions. For each area, I highlight recent approaches to, and applications of, environmental historical geography. I also draw attention to several promising areas of research where environmental historical geography can build on its existing strengths and continue reinvigorating understanding of environment‐society relations. These include contextualising environmental knowledge and data production amidst advances in big data and AI; illuminating the multi‐directional interactions between environmental change, knowledges, and materialities; revealing the entangled physical and intellectual legacies of imperial and colonial projects; and enhancing comparative research.
Grinding process, surface characteristics, and machining performance of α/β‐SiAlON ceramic double‐circular‐arc end mill
Authors: Guo Fuzhou , Yin Zengbin , Hong Dongbo , Wang Boxiang , Yuan Juntang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSiAlON ceramics are widely used for high‐speed and high‐efficiency machining of superalloys due to their excellent heat resistance. However, their inherent brittleness complicates the grinding process, often leading to edge chipping and impacting machining performance. In this study, a novel spark plasma sintered α/β‐SiAlON ceramic double‐circular‐arc end mill was designed, and a specialized grinding process was developed to address its unique geometrical features. The grinding process was systematically divided into five key steps: helix flute, Y‐direction flank, chip space, secondary flank, and primary flank. Analysis of the grinding principle and surface characterization showed good ground surface quality due to the refined process and gentle grinding parameters, but significant microdefects were still observed. Material flaking, grain pull‐out, brittle fracture, and crack propagation are key mechanisms in the material removal process. Machining tests demonstrated a reliable cutting performance of the developed end mill when machining Inconel 718, although tool failure ultimately occurred due to flank notch wear and rake face chipping. This study enhances the understanding of the fabrication and performance of SiAlON ceramic end mills and offers valuable insights for future developments in the field.
Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characterization of NUP98‐Rearranged Acute Leukemias
Authors: Sajjan Sujata , Oertling Estelle E. , Fuda Franklin , Gagan Jeffrey , Koduru Prasad , Garcia Rolando , Kwon Adelaide , Lin Elisa , Cantu Miguel , Wilson Kathleen , Weinberg Olga K. , Chen Mingyi , Jaso Jesse Manuel , Slone Tamra L. , Truscott Jamie , Thiebaud Julio Alvarenga , Chung Stephen , Madanat Yazan F. , Chen Weina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionNUP98 rearrangements are rare in acute leukemias and portend a poor prognosis.MethodsThis study explored clinicopathologic and molecular features of five patients with NUP98 rearranged (NUP98‐r) acute leukemias, including three females and two males with a median age of 34 years.ResultsNUP98 fusion partners were associated with distinctive leukemia characteristics and biology. Three patients had NUP98::NSD1‐r acute myeloid leukemia (AML, all cytogenetically cryptic and with concomitant FLT3‐ITD) and unfavorable prognoses (in two patients), one patient had NUP98::HOXA9‐r AML with morphologic and immunophenotypic features resembling acute promyelocytic leukemia, and lastly, one patient had previously underreported NUP98::MLLT1‐r B/T mixed phenotype acute leukemia. After a median follow‐up of 24.7 months, median overall survival was 30 months and three of five patients (60%) remained in complete remission at the last follow‐up.ConclusionOur study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of NUP98‐r acute leukemias and recommends FISH testing for NUP98 rearrangement on those leukemia cases without recurrent gene rearrangements and/or normal karyotype followed by molecular confirmation to improve timely diagnosis and clinical management.
A Bayesian Interpretation of CABANA and Other Randomized Controlled Trials for Catheter Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nogueira Alleh , Felix Nicole , Kalil Felipe , Tramujas Lucas , Godoi Amanda , Miyawaki Isabele A. , Bellavia Andrea , Moura Filipe A. , Cardoso Rhanderson , d'Avila André , Fernandes Gilson C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCatheter ablation improves symptoms and quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients, but its effect on adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality remains uncertain. Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials offers a deeper understanding of treatment effects beyond conventional p‐value thresholds.MethodsWe conducted a post hoc Bayesian reanalysis of CABANA and four similar trials to estimate catheter ablation's effect on cardiovascular and survival outcomes. Using publicly available, trial‐level data, we fitted ordinal Bayesian regression models to assess the impact of catheter ablation on the primary composite outcome—comprising all‐cause mortality, stroke with disability, serious bleeding, and cardiac arrest—as well as mortality alone. We considered two sets of prior distributions: (1) a noninformative prior, where all effect sizes are equally probable and inference is primarily based on trial data, and (2) a treatment effect distribution derived from four trials using a random effects model.ResultsIn this analysis, refined probability distributions for treatment effects were obtained by integrating data from CABANA with diverse priors through Bayes' theorem, offering a novel, nuanced probabilistic understanding of the potential impact of ablation compared with medical therapy on cardiovascular outcomes and all‐cause mortality. In contrast to CABANA's original frequentist estimates, which were inconclusive, Bayesian analyses indicated probabilities of 82.6% and 81.1% that ablation is superior in reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, respectively. Incorporating results from four other similar trials increased the probability of improved effects on mortality to 86.0%.ConclusionsBayesian analysis augmented the interpretation of previously inconclusive findings, suggesting a clinically relevant probability of benefit from catheter ablation compared to medical therapy in a broad population with atrial fibrillation.
RIT1 Promotes the Proliferation of Gliomas Through the Regulation of the PI3K/AKT/c‐Myc Signalling Pathway
Authors: Liu Zhen , Jiang Hao‐dong , Kan Hao‐yuan , Zhang Li , Rao Yu‐xin , Jiang Xiao‐bing , Li Ming‐hui , Wang Qi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecently, RIT1 has been implicated in a range of neurological disorders; however, its precise function in glioma pathogenesis is not yet well‐defined. This study employed quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and additional methodologies to assess RIT1 expression levels in glioma tissues. Furthermore, the study investigated its influence on glioma progression through a series of functional experiments. Animal models were also utilised to elucidate the mechanistic role of RIT1, with a particular focus on its effects on the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Research findings showcased that RIT1 is significantly overexpressed in gliomas and exhibits a strong correlation with tumour grade and unfavourable clinical outcomes. Furthermore, RIT1 serves as an independent prognostic marker of poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrate that RIT1 facilitates the aggressiveness of glioma cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signalling. Additionally, it promotes tumour proliferation by inhibiting apoptosis and accelerating cell cycle progression. This study demonstrates that RIT1 significantly contributes to the aggressive phenotype and unfavourable prognosis of glioma, indicating its ability as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.