bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex catalyzed synthesis and prediction of properties of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylamide)/crab shell powder composites by using artificial neural network
Authors: Sahoo Deepti Rekha , Biswal Trinath 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn a nitrogen atmosphere, a novel composite, Poly(Acrylonitrile‐co‐Acrylamide)/crab shell powder, was synthesized by combining two monomers, acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylamide (Aam), with varying weight percentages of crab shell powder (CSP) as bio‐filler. The synthesized composite Poly (AN‐co‐Aam)/CSP, copolymer Poly (AN‐co‐Aam), and CSP were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties, like tensile, flexural, and impact strengths, were studied. The hardness, biodegradability, and water absorbency properties have been studied using appropriate methodologies. The SEM images and FTIR data confirm the appropriate synthesis of the composite material and the uniform distribution of CSP. The mechanical strength increases with the rise in concentration of CSP up to 20 wt. % and then gradually decreases. The thermal analysis reveals that the composite exhibits adequate thermal stability. The artificial neural network (ANN) model is used for the prediction of mechanical properties, which shows adequate results with the experimental results. The training and test datasets use a correlation factor associated with this analysis that is higher than 0.9, which confirms that the expected values of the mechanical performance are an excellent comparison to the experimental value.
Bicarbonate as a predictor of successful insulin transition in critically ill patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Price Erin C. , Wolfe Brianne M. , Pan Raymond J. , Gebhart Benjamin C. , Aberegg Scott K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with intravenous insulin is effective but resource intensive. Treatment guidelines recommend transitioning to subcutaneous insulin when the anion gap closes, but transition failures due to recrudescent ketoacidosis are common despite adherence to treatment protocols following such guidance.Study ObjectiveThe primary objective of our study was to evaluate the ability of serum bicarbonate levels of ≤16 mEq/L to predict intravenous to subcutaneous transition failures among those with a normal anion gap at the time of transition.Design and SettingThis retrospective cohort study evaluated critically ill adult patients with a primary diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Historical patient data were obtained by manual chart review. The primary outcome was transition failure, defined as the re‐initiation of intravenous insulin within 24 h of transitioning to subcutaneous insulin. Odds ratios were calculated using generalized estimating equations with a logit link and weighted by standardized inverse probability weights to assess the predictive value of serum bicarbonate levels.Main ResultsThe primary analysis included 93 patients with a total of 118 distinct transitions. In the adjusted analysis, patients whose anion gap had normalized but had a serum bicarbonate of ≤16 mEq/L were significantly more likely to experience a transition failure (odds ratio = 4.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–18.1, p = 0.02). The results of the unadjusted analysis were similar.ConclusionsIn patients with a normal anion gap at the time of insulin transition, serum bicarbonate levels of ≤16 mEq/L were associated with significantly increased odds of transition failure.
Recent progress in intermetallic nanocrystals for electrocatalysis: From binary to ternary to high‐entropy intermetallics
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Lee Carmen , Hu Yue , Liang Zhishan , Ji Rong , Soo Xiang Yun Debbie , Zhu Qiang , Yan Qingyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping sustainable and clean energy‐conversion techniques is one of the strategies to simultaneously meet the global energy demand, save fossil fuels and protect the environment, in which nanocatalysts with high activity, selectivity and durability are of great importance. Intermetallic nanocrystals, featuring their ordered atomic arrangements and predictable electronic structures, have been recognized as a type of active and durable catalysts in energy‐related applications. In this minireview, the very recent progress in the syntheses and electrocatalytic applications of noble metal‐based intermetallic nanocrystals is summarized. Various synthetic strategies, including the conventional thermal annealing approach and its diverse modifications, as well as the wet‐chemical synthesis, for the construction of binary, ternary and high‐entropy intermetallic nanocrystals have been discussed with representative examples, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Then, their electrocatalytic applications toward oxygen reduction reaction, small molecule oxidation reactions, hydrogen evolution reaction, CO2/CO reduction reactions, and nitrogen reduction reaction are discussed, with the emphasis on how the ordered intermetallic structures contribute to the enhanced performance. We conclude the minireview by addressing the current challenges and opportunities of intermetallic nanocrystals in terms of syntheses and electrocatalytic applications.
Super‐Resolved FRET Imaging by Confocal Fluorescence‐Lifetime Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Zaza Cecilia , Chiarelli Germán , Zweifel Ludovit P. , Pilo‐Pais Mauricio , Sisamakis Evangelos , Barachati Fabio , Stefani Fernando D. , Acuna Guillermo P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)‐based approaches are unique tools for sensing the immediate surroundings and interactions of (bio)molecules. FRET imaging and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) enable the visualization of the spatial distribution of molecular interactions and functional states. However, conventional FLIM and FRET imaging provide average information over an ensemble of molecules within a diffraction‐limited volume, which limits the spatial information, accuracy, and dynamic range of the observed signals. Here, an approach to obtain super‐resolved FRET imaging based on single‐molecule localization microscopy using an early prototype of a commercial time‐resolved confocal microscope is demonstrated. DNA Points Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography with fluorogenic probes provides a suitable combination of background reduction and binding kinetics compatible with the scanning speed of usual confocal microscopes. A single laser is used to excite the donor, a broad detection band is employed to retrieve both donor and acceptor emission, and FRET events are detected from lifetime information.
Human Rights in Central Asia: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Sayapin Sergey 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEver since the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, “human rights” has been a contentious term in the states of post-Soviet Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan). Whereas all Central Asian states are parties to the major multilateral human rights instruments, significant human rights problems persist. Issues such as the rule of law, gender inequality, domestic violence, freedom of the press, and electoral rights are particularly acute. Progress was made in overcoming the Soviet legacy of the human rights nihilism in a few areas, but the Central Asian states still have a way to go to improve their human rights records. National human rights institutions should be accorded real powers. The quality of dialogue between governments and civil society should be improved. Ultimately, societal attitudes toward human rights should shift from perceiving the concept as “Western” and “alien to local cultures” to more constructive paradigms.
Human Rights as a Concept of Public Law: Challenges for Central Asian Higher Education Systems
Authors: Atadjanov Rustam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter first explains human rights as a concept of public law and briefly analyzes its legal nature. Second, the chapter outlines the particular challenges this concept presents for the Central Asian countries and their formal education sectors. Treating the concept as a predominantly legal phenomenon, it considers how human rights play into key ideas such as the Rechtsstaat and its crucial elements: rule of law and civil society. Further, it scrutinizes the role of human rights education (HRE) and knowledge dissemination in raising legal awareness and promoting legal culture among the population, a particularly relevant problem for the Central Asian countries. The chapter then proceeds to address issues of disseminating knowledge on human rights, primarily in the formal education sectors and hence public (but also private) higher education institutions that impart legal knowledge in the four main Central Asian countries. Challenges to providing effective formal education in human rights are reviewed, along with local contextual factors in the region (cultural, social, historical, economic, and political) contributing to those challenges. Understanding such factors facilitates the development of potentially useful suggestions and solutions to address these challenges. The latest overview of the current human rights education programs in Central Asia is a crucial basis for this brief analysis. Lastly, the chapter argues in favor of applying a systemic, principled, as well as contextualized approach to improving human rights education efforts in the region.
Redesigning the Law Curriculum in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ismatov Aziz , Kudratov Manuchehr 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat dangers entail legal education reform in a region or country undergoing a transition from one legal system to another? Why designing a law curriculum with a well-balanced approach between theory and practice, and most importantly, with critical feedback on the transition challenges is vital for training lawyers capable of creating solutions for emerging legal dilemmas? On the example of Uzbekistan, which has been struggling for several decades to shift from socialist toward nonsocialist law smoothly, the present chapter explains the specifics of local legal education reforms and their specific impact on the education process and legal profession. The authors discover that in the post-1990 period, a newly designed law curriculum in Uzbekistan continued state-centric inertia with the government as the sole actor managing education. Simultaneously, local legal education gradually shifted from theoretical to practice-oriented. Also, the law curriculum was enriched by new teaching methods and techniques borrowed from outside. This chapter, by utilizing field trip data, including interviews and lecture analysis, involves a critical discussion around the utilization of comparative method, case study, and active learning. The authors conclude with critical feedback on the local legal education and point to its dangers in educating future jurists and the legal profession.
Fun with replicas: tripartitions in tensor networks and gravity
Authors: Penington Geoff , Walter Michael , Witteveen Freek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We analyse a simple correlation measure for tripartite pure states that we call G(A : B : C). The quantity is symmetric with respect to the subsystems A, B, C, invariant under local unitaries, and is bounded from above by log dAdB. For random tensor network states, we prove that G(A : B : C) is equal to the size of the minimal tripartition of the tensor network, i.e., the logarithmic bond dimension of the smallest cut that partitions the network into three components with A, B, and C. We argue that for holographic states with a fixed spatial geometry, G(A : B : C) is similarly computed by the minimal area tripartition. For general holographic states, G(A : B : C) is determined by the minimal area tripartition in a backreacted geometry, but a smoothed version is equal to the minimal tripartition in an unbackreacted geometry at leading order. We briefly discuss a natural family of quantities Gn(A : B : C) for integer n ≥ 2 that generalize G = G2. In holography, the computation of Gn(A : B : C) for n > 2 spontaneously breaks part of a ℤn × ℤn replica symmetry. This prevents any naive application of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena trick in a hypothetical analytic continuation to n = 1.
Non-maximal chaos in some Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev-like models
Authors: Ma Chen , Tian Chushun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the chaos exponent of some variants of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, namely, the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetry (SUSY)-SYK model and its sibling, the (N|M)-SYK model which is not supersymmetric, for arbitrary interaction strength. We find that for large q the chaos exponent of these variants, as well as the SYK and the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SUSY-SYK model, all follow a single-parameter scaling law. By quantitative arguments we further make a conjecture, i.e. that the found scaling law might hold for general one-dimensional (1D) SYK-like models with large q. This points out a universal route from maximal chaos towards completely regular or integrable motion in the SYK model and its 1D variants.
Strahleninduzierter Katarakt – ein okkultes Berufsrisiko für Urologen
Authors: Wendler J. J. , Schittko J. , Lux A. , Liehr U.-B. , Pech M. , Schostak M. , Porsch M. 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Strahlenkatarakt stellt ein relevantes Risiko für beruflich strahlenexponierte Personen dar. Die Jahresgrenzdosis für die Augenlinse wurde auf 20 mSv pro Jahr per Gesetzgebung (Strahlenschutzgesetz StrlSchG 2017; 2013/59/Euratom) nach Empfehlung der Internationalen Strahlenschutzkommission (2011 ICRP) zur Vermeidung eines strahleninduzierten Katarakts gesenkt.

Fragestellung
Besteht die Gefahr der Überschreitung der Jahresgrenzdosis für die Augenlinse in der urologischen Routine ohne spezielle Strahlenschutzmaßnahmen für den Kopf?

Methodik
Im Rahmen einer prospektiven, monozentrischen Dosimetriestudie von 542 verschiedenen urologischen, fluoroskopisch geführten Interventionen erfolgte die Bestimmung der Augenlinsendosis per Stirndosimeter (Thermolumineszenz-Dosimeter TLD, Chipstrate) über einen Zeitraum von 5 Monaten.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigte sich eine durchschnittliche Kopfdosis von 0,05 mSv pro Intervention (maximal 0,29 mSv) bei einem durchschnittlichen Dosisflächenprodukt (DFP) von 485,33 (21,7–3731,2) Gy/cm2. Signifikante Einflussfaktoren auf eine höhere Dosis waren ein höherer BMI des Patienten, eine längere Operationsdauer und ein höheres DFP. Das Erfahrungslevel des Operateurs zeigte keinen signifikanten Einfluss.

Diskussion
Mit 400 Eingriffen pro Jahr oder durchschnittlich 2 Eingriffen pro Arbeitstag wäre damit der kritische Jahresgrenzwert für die Augenlinsen bzw. für das Risiko eines Strahlenkatarakts ohne spezielle Schutzmaßnahmen überschritten.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein konsequenter effektiver Strahlenschutz der Augenlinse ist essentiell für die tägliche Arbeit bei uroradiologischen Interventionen. Hierfür sind ggf. technische Weiterentwicklungen erforderlich.
Predictors of alcohol and substance use among people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): findings from the NESARC-III study
Authors: Dell’Aquila Adriana , Berle David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The self-medication hypothesis suggests people may develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder (NA-SUD) following PTSD as a maladaptive way of coping with PTSD symptoms. Given that an accumulation of trauma experiences and interpersonal trauma increase the likelihood and severity of PTSD, we sought to determine whether the number and type of traumas additionally predict AUD and NA-SUD following PTSD.

Methods
We analysed data from 36,309 adult participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study (M = 45.63 years, SD = 17.53, 56.3% female) who were administered semi-structured diagnostic interviews of trauma exposure and PTSD, AUD and NA-SUD symptoms.

Results
Individuals with PTSD were more likely to have an AUD or NA-SUD than those without PTSD. Endorsement of a greater number of traumas was associated with greater odds of having PTSD, AUD, or NA-SUD. Experience of interpersonal trauma was related to greater odds of having PTSD and subsequent AUD or NA-SUD than not experiencing interpersonal trauma. Multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma compared to one interpersonal trauma exposure also increased the odds of having PTSD followed by AUD or NA-SUD.

Conclusions
Interpersonal trauma and multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma may result in individuals turning to alcohol and substances as a way to alleviate intolerable PTSD symptomology, aligning with the self-medication hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring services and support for interpersonal trauma survivors and for those who have experienced multiple traumas given their increased for unfavourable outcomes.
A Priori Bounds for the $$\Phi ^4$$ Equation in the Full Sub-critical Regime
Authors: Chandra Ajay , Moinat Augustin , Weber Hendrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe derive a priori bounds for the $$\Phi ^4$$

Φ
4

equation in the full sub-critical regime using Hairer’s theory of regularity structures. The equation is formally given by "Equation missing"where the term $$+\infty \phi $$

+
∞
ϕ

represents infinite terms that have to be removed in a renormalisation procedure. We emulate fractional dimensions $$d<4$$

d
<
4

by adjusting the regularity of the noise term $$\xi $$
ξ
, choosing $$\xi \in C^{-3+\delta }$$

ξ
∈

C

-
3
+
δ

. Our main result states that if $$\phi $$
ϕ
satisfies this equation on a space–time cylinder $$D= (0,1) \times \{ |x| \leqslant 1 \}$$

D
=
(
0
,
1
)
×
{
|
x
|
⩽
1
}

, then away from the boundary $$\partial D$$

∂
D

the solution $$\phi $$
ϕ
can be bounded in terms of a finite number of explicit polynomial expressions in $$\xi $$
ξ
. The bound holds uniformly over all possible choices of boundary data for $$\phi $$
ϕ
and thus relies crucially on the super-linear damping effect of the non-linear term $$-\phi ^3$$

-

ϕ
3

. A key part of our analysis consists of an appropriate re-formulation of the theory of regularity structures in the specific context of (*), which allows us to couple the small scale control one obtains from this theory with a suitable large scale argument. Along the way we make several new observations and simplifications: we reduce the number of objects required with respect to Hairer’s work. Instead of a model $$(\Pi _x)_x$$

(

Π
x

)

x

and the family of translation operators $$(\Gamma _{x,y})_{x,y}$$

(

Γ

x
,
y

)

x
,
y

we work with just a single object $$(\mathbb {X}_{x, y})$$

(

X

x
,
y

)

which acts on itself for translations, very much in the spirit of Gubinelli’s theory of branched rough paths. Furthermore, we show that in the specific context of (*) the hierarchy of continuity conditions which constitute Hairer’s definition of a modelled distribution can be reduced to the single continuity condition on the “coefficient on the constant level”.
Hydrodynamic characterization of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based oncolytic virus using analytical ultracentrifugation
Authors: Wawra Simon , Kessler Sophia , Egel Arina , Solzin Johannes , Burkert Oliver , Hochdorfer Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDetermination of the size, density, and mass of viral particles can provide valuable information to support process and formulation studies in clinical development. Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), as a first principal method, has been shown to be a beneficial tool for the characterization of the non-enveloped adeno associated virus (AAV). Here, we demonstrate the suitability of AUC for the challenging characterization of a representative for enveloped viruses, which usually are expected to exhibit higher dispersity than non-enveloped viruses. Specifically, the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based oncolytic virus VSV-GP was used to evaluate potential occurrence of non-ideal sedimentation by testing different rotor speeds and loading concentrations. The partial specific volume was determined via density gradients and density contrast experiments. Additionally, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter of VSV-GP particles to calculate their molecular weight via the Svedberg equation. Overall, this study demonstrates the applicability of AUC and NTA for the characterization of size, density, and molar mass of an enveloped virus, namely VSV-GP.
Vom stadträumlichen Pionier zur Kulturstätte inmitten der Pandemie. Musikclubs als (sozial-)räumliche Akteure urbaner Musikökosysteme
Authors: Kuchar Robin 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungMusikclubs gelten als bedeutende Experimentierräume der populären Musik, als Ort des informellen Austauschs lokaler Musikszenen und als Knotenpunkte szenebasierter Wertschöpfungsprozesse urbaner Popkultur. Ihre (sozial-)räumlichen Strategien und Ausprägungen zeigen dabei eher in Richtung eines auf Kultur orientierten Selbstverständnisses sowie auf alternative, gelebte und mit ihrem Standort verwurzelte Räume lokaler Nachtökonomien. Dieser Artikel betrachtet (sozial-)räumliche Austauschprozesse von Musikclubs, lokaler Musikszene, Stadt und Music Industries und geht der Frage nach, welche stadträumlichen und kulturellen Implikationen mit den Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie für diese im Kontext des städtischen Musikökosystems verbunden sind. Während die ökonomischen Folgen auf der Hand zu liegen scheinen, interessieren hier im Besonderen die Zuschreibungen von Musikclubs für die Stadt, der räumliche Wert von Livemusik und kulturellem Erbe sowie die Frage nach der bau- und planungsrechtlichen Aufwertung von Clubs und Livespielstätten während des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2021.
A Hydro-mechanical Approach to Model Swelling Tests of Clay-Sulfate Rocks
Authors: Taherdangkoo Reza , Barsch Markus , Ataallah Ahmad , Meng Tao , Liu Quan , Butscher Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe developed a coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) model based on a semi-logarithmic swelling law to reproduce the outcomes of swelling tests of a clay-sulfate rock specimen collected from the Freudenstein tunnel, which was constructed in Triassic Grabfeld Formation (formerly Gipskeuper = “Gypsum Keuper”) in Southwest Germany in the period of 1987–1991. The swelling tests were conducted using an oedometer apparatus under constrained (no strain) or constant load conditions. We used the strain–time data obtained from the laboratory testing to calibrate the HM model. We then ran a sensitivity analysis to reveal the importance of influential parameters, namely the maximum swelling pressure $${\sigma }_{max}^{sw}$$

σ

max

sw

, swelling parameter $$k$$
k
, and diffusion coefficient $$D$$
D
on the long-term swelling behaviour of clay-sulfate rocks under the oedometer conditions. The HM model is capable of predicting long-term swelling deformations, i.e., model results were found to agree reasonably well with the experimental data. The results also show that using only 12 months experimental strain–time data to calibrate the HM model leads to an underestimation of swelling strains at the equilibrium condition. The findings show that at least 24 months experimental data is required for the model calibration.