bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison study of protective effects of porcine bile acids and sheep bile acids against heat stress in chickens
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Defeng , Wang Cheng , Yan Guoning , Zhang Shuyu , Jiang Yunxuan , Shen Mingyue , Jia Baoyu , Xu Li , Huang Bohan , Zhu Ruiliang , Wei Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat stress (HS) is known to exert negative effects on the poultry and breeding industry, resulting in severe economic losses. Bile acids (BAs), an important component of bile, play a crucial role in improving the production performance of livestock and poultry, alleviating stress injury, and ensuring the health of livestock and poultry. At present, porcine BAs are widely used because of their therapeutic effects on HS; however, it remains unclear whether the same effects are exerted by sheep BAs, which are different from porcine BAs and have different compositions. In this study, we compared the anti‐HS effects of porcine BAs and sheep BAs in the diet by establishing an HS model of chicks and investigating the chicken performance, HS‐related genes' expression, oxidative stress markers, jejunal histoarchitecture, inflammatory cytokines' expression, jejunal secreted immunoglobulin A concentration, and cecal bacterial flora.RESULTSThe results showed that the addition of sheep BAs to the diet increased the average daily weight gain and the feed conversion ratio of chicks. Under HS, sheep BAs were more effective than porcine BAs in improving the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in serum and the content/activity of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione in serum and tissue, in reducing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) in the liver and jejunum, and in improving the histological structure and the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens‐1) and enriching intestinal bacterial flora. However, porcine BAs were significantly inferior to sheep BAs in reducing the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors (interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α).CONCLUSIONThe effect of sheep BAs was more significant than porcine BAs was in alleviating HS injury in chicks, suggesting that sheep BAs have great potential as new feed nutrition and health additive to improve poultry production performance and prevent HS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Causality and wildlife management
Authors: Hone Jim , Krebs Charles J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstablishing cause and effect (i.e., causality) is a fundamental aim in science and important for wildlife management, as we need to know the cause of an event if we seek to reproduce, enhance, or diminish it. We review 13 alternative approaches for applying 12 criteria to establish causality. Strength of causal inference is greater when more causal criteria are applied so we propose a scaffolding set of criteria to clearly establish causality. We recommend validating predicted outcomes of wildlife management efforts when predictions are based on a unique mechanism and temporality, especially when manipulative experimental studies are not feasible. We use 3 case studies, namely of lamb predation by feral pigs (Sus scrofa), causes of trends in northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina), and causes of trends in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), to illustrate these topics, which are of wide relevance in wildlife management. We recommend greater use of causality and relative strength of causal inference to improve adaptive wildlife management.
Land use conversion impacts on the stability of soil organic carbon in Qinghai Lake using 13C NMR and C cycle‐related enzyme activities
Authors: Yang Ying , Jia Guodong , Yu Xinxiao , Cao Yongxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) plays a major role in maintaining long‐term ecological stability. This paper focuses on how land use conversion affects the stability of SOC (e.g., carbon [C] molecular structure) and how soil C cycle‐related enzyme activities are involved in the process. Four land use types around the southern margin of Qinghai Lake were researched: lakeside wetland, natural grassland, cropland, and restored grassland. Soil C was dominated by O‐alkyl carbon (O‐alkyl C, 40.6%–49.3% of total intensity) and alkyl carbon (alkyl C 25.9%–36.7%) in all land use types. Alkyl C and aliphaticity were more abundant in lakeside wetlands than in the other land use types; these values decreased by 29.5% and 36.0%, respectively, after lakeside wetland reclamation. Compared with cropland, restored grassland had higher dissolved organic carbon and β‐glucosidase activity, mainly attributed to the higher plant residues left in the topsoil that provided the polysaccharides required for the higher β‐glucosidase activity. The SOC, labile carbon, alkyl C, and aliphaticity together explained more than 50% of the total variability of soil enzyme activities (p < 0.05) by redundancy analysis, and β‐glucosidase played a regulatory role in soil carbon conversion by path analysis. The lakeside wetland had a more stable SOC than the other land use types around Qinghai Lake at the molecular level due to its higher aliphaticity and aromaticity, which are mainly related to oxygen limitations in lakeside wetlands. To some extent, the accumulation of recalcitrant molecules is limited in restored grassland soils.
Scrutinizing gully erosion hotspots using hybridized deep‐learning analysis to avoid land degradation
Authors: Rahmati Omid , Soleimanpour Seyed Masoud , Shadfar Samad , Zahedi Salahudin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of the prediction of land susceptibility to gully erosion, there is a lack of research studies adopting the deep‐learning approach. This study aimed to predict gully susceptibility hotspots using hybridized deep‐learning models and evaluate their efficiency. Field records of gully occurrences in a gully‐prone region, the Talwar watershed (6468 km2), eastern Kurdistan province, Iran, were used to generate a gully inventory dataset. A total of 14 geomorphometric, environmental, and topo‐hydrological gully drivers were selected as predictor variables. The hybridized models were developed using convolutional neural network (NNC) and metaheuristic procedures, including the gray wolf optimizer (GWO) and the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA). The validity of the resulting outputs was investigated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results revealed that the NNC‐GWO had the highest efficiency in the validation step (AUC = 97.2%), whereas the NNC‐ICA was the second‐best model (AUC = 95.1%). The standalone NNC model showed the lowest accuracy (AUC = 91.2%) in predicting gully susceptibility hotspots compared to NNC‐GWO and NNC‐ICA. Thus, both hybridized models had better predictive performance for identifying gully susceptibility in comparison with the standalone NNC model. Furthermore, according to the NNC‐GWO model, about 0.2% (1294.8 ha) and 0.05% (235.2 ha) of the study area were identified as high and very high gully susceptibility classes. In addition, the application of the standalone NNC led to an overestimation of the susceptibility degree for gully initiation. This study supports researchers efforts to increase the model's performance when working in the land degradation domain.
Missing a golden opportunity? An analysis of publication trends by income level in the Directory of Open Access Journals 1987–2020
Authors: Druelinger David , Ma Lai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe growing prevalence of the gold open access model can exacerbate the monoculture of research and inequality in knowledge production. This study examines publication trends in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) journals by countries' income level from 1987 to 2020. By combining article metadata from journals listed in the DOAJ with World Bank country income data, this analysis examines the trends visible in plots of historical open access publication data. In 2020, the number of articles published in DOAJ journals by authors affiliated with high‐income countries exceeds the sum of the other income categories. Article processing charge waivers seem to have more impact on high‐ and low‐income countries than middle‐income countries. The results show that the gold open access model has not been able to improve the extremely low number of open access articles from low‐income regions. In addition, authors in middle‐income countries publish in gold open access DOAJ journals at lower rates than authors based in other economic regions. The gold open access model is disadvantageous to researchers outside of high‐income countries, highlighting the importance of supporting the diamond open access model as a potential means of improving global equity and epistemic diversity in knowledge production.
Phytoplankton community response to a drought‐to‐wet climate transition in a subtropical estuary
Authors: Douglas Sarah , Xue Jianhong , Hardison Amber , Liu Zhanfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArid subtropical climates often oscillate between drought and wet conditions, leading to a “flood or famine” paradigm for estuarine freshwater inflow, in which sporadic storm events drive dynamic changes in salinity and nutrient availability. Transitioning from prolonged drought to wet conditions can impact phytoplankton communities. The Mission‐Aransas Estuary, located on the south Texas coast, transitioned from a 5‐yr drought (2010–2015) to wet conditions (2015–2020), punctuated by several large flood events and the direct impact of category 4 Hurricane Harvey. Using an 8‐yr bimonthly sample set (2012–2019), we evaluated particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll a, nutrient concentrations, and accessory pigments to characterize the response of the phytoplankton community to these climate events. We found that phytoplankton biomass was diminished during severe drought and increased during prolonged wet conditions. The phytoplankton community switched from being diatom‐dominated during drought to cyanobacteria‐dominated following estuarine freshening, driven by lower salinity and increased nutrient availability. Seasonal fluctuations between taxa persisted regardless of climate condition. The drought‐to‐wet transition prompted a regime shift of the estuarine phytoplankton community to a new quasi‐steady state in the studied estuary. Globally, changing climate regimes may cause longer periods of extreme drought or wet conditions for estuarine systems. Detailed, long‐term ecosystem monitoring is necessary to fully evaluate ecological responses to extreme weather events, especially links between biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function. These results suggest that oscillations between distinct wet and dry periods have lasting effects on primary productivity, phytoplankton community composition, and organic matter cycling in subtropical estuaries with long residence times.
A methodology for performance prediction: Hydrodynamic investigation of spiral grooved thrust bearing
Authors: Mishra Hara Prakash , Behera Suraj Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the design and numerical optimization of oil‐lubricated spiral grooved thrust bearing (SGTB) for its application at high speed and axial loading conditions. A numerical model is developed using nonlinear incompressible Reynold's equation and is solved using the finite volume method (FVM) to determine the static characteristics over the bearing surface. Further, the influence of groove parameters such as spiral angle, groove angle, film thickness ratio, number of grooves and speed on the static characteristics of the bearing has been investigated. The result shows that the designed oil‐lubricated SGTB can operate at high‐speed conditions and withstand high axial load. Further, the characteristic data sets acquired from the numerical analysis are trained using an artificial neural network (ANN), and their performance is evaluated through the computation of the regression coefficient. Then adaptive neuro‐fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) surface plot is obtained to determine the optimum bearing parameters.
Influence of Curing Agents Molecular Structures on Interfacial Characteristics of Graphene/Epoxy Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Framework
Authors: Siahtiri Saeed , Sahraei Abolfazl Alizadeh , Mokarizadeh Abdol Hadi , Baghani Mostafa , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baniassadi Majid 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive molecular dynamics study on the effects of the stoichiometric ratio of epoxy:hardener, hardener's linear and cyclic structure, and number of aromatic rings on the interfacial characteristics of graphene/epoxy nanocomposite. The van der Waals gap and polymer peak density as a function of the type of the hardener is calculated by analyzing the local mass density profile. Additionally, steered molecular dynamics are used to conduct normal pull‐out of graphene to study the effect of the mentioned features of hardeners on the interfacial mechanical properties of nanocomposites, including traction force, separation distance, and distribution quality of reacted epoxide rings in the epoxy. Influence of the hardeners on the damage mechanism and its initiation point are also studied by analyzing the evolution of local mass density profile during the normal pull‐out simulation. It is seen that stoichiometric ratio and geometrical structure of the hardeners affect the interfacial strength. It is also revealed that the hardener type can change the epoxy damage initiation point. The damage occurs in the interphase region for a higher stoichiometric ratio or cyclic structure of hardener. In comparison, for hardener's lower stoichiometric ratio and non‐cyclic structure, failure begins in the epoxy near graphene layers.
Photothermal‐Responsive Crosslinked Liquid Crystal Polymers
Authors: Wang Meng , Huang Xiang , Yang Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrosslinked liquid crystal polymers (CLCPs) are a promising type of smart polymer material with excellent two‐way shape memory behavior under the stimulation of various external conditions. Among the various external stimuli, light with the advantages of instantaneity, high accuracy, remote controllability, pollution‐free, etc., has been widely used in the control of CLCPs. Traditional photoresponsive CLCP systems based on photoisomerization are limited by the penetration depth of ultraviolet light, the number of useful photochemical reactions, and long‐term stability. Recently, a strategy for designing photoresponsive CLCPs based on the photothermal effect has attracted scientific attention. Photothermal materials in the CLCP matrix can convert light into heat through plasma resonance or energy transition under the light irradiation of a certain wavelength, and locally heat the CLCP matrix to beyond the liquid crystal‐to‐isotropic phase transition temperature, thus achieving reversible macroscopic deformation. Combining photothermal materials and CLCPs can decrease the dependence on specific photosensitive groups such as azobenzene mesogens and endow photoresponsive CLCPs with design flexibility. Herein, the photothermal‐responsive CLCPs under the stimulations of different light wavelengths and their application fields are reviewed. In addition, the current challenges in the field of photothermal‐responsive CLCPs are summarized, and a brief outlook on future development is proposed.
I want to remember: Preference for visual intensity in sentimental purchases
Authors: Huang Jiexian (Chloe) , Xu Fei (Katie) , Jiang Yuwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhat determines an individual's preference for high‐ or low‐intensity visual stimuli? This research designed four studies, including one incentive‐compatible study, to explore a novel situation—imbuing a product with sentimental value to drive consumer consumption of intense visual stimulation. We manipulated imbuing a product with sentimental value from both the consumers' (via hypothetical scenarios) and the marketers' (via brand positioning) perspectives. The results reveal that when a product is imbued with sentimental value, consumers exhibit a greater preference for high‐intensity visual stimuli (highly saturated colors; Studies 1 and 2), and this effect is driven by consumers' heightened desire for memorability (Study 3). Moreover, the investigated effect diminishes when the expected usage time frame of products is short (vs. long; Study 4). Our work contributes to sentimental value, memory, and visual sensory marketing literature. The findings also provide strong managerial implications for marketing practitioners to properly use and design visual sensory stimuli. Specifically, we offer a viable way to incorporate sentiment into retailing (i.e., via brand positioning) and identify factors that marketers should consider (e.g., manufacturing materials) to promote rich visual elements in situations involving imbuing products with sentimental value.
Evaluation of a Structured Screening Assessment to Detect Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Seger Aline , Ophey Anja , Heitzmann Wiebke , Doppler Christopher E.J. , Lindner Marie‐Sophie , Brune Corinna , Kickartz Johanna , Dafsari Haidar S. , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Fink Gereon R. , Jost Stefanie T. , Sommerauer Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) cohorts have provided insights into the earliest neurodegenerative processes in α‐synucleinopathies. Even though polysomnography (PSG) remains the gold standard for diagnosis, an accurate questionnaire‐based algorithm to identify eligible subjects could facilitate efficient recruitment in research.ObjectiveThis study aimed to optimize the identification of subjects with iRBD from the general population.MethodsBetween June 2020 and July 2021, we placed newspaper advertisements, including the single‐question screen for RBD (RBD1Q). Participants' evaluations included a structured telephone screening consisting of the RBD screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) and additional sleep‐related questionnaires. We examined anamnestic information predicting PSG‐proven iRBD using logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsFive hundred forty‐three participants answered the advertisements, and 185 subjects fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened. Of these, 124 received PSG after expert selection, and 78 (62.9%) were diagnosed with iRBD. Selected items of the RBDSQ, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the STOP‐Bang questionnaire, and age predicted iRBD with high accuracy in a multiple logistic regression model (area under the curve >80%). When comparing the algorithm to the sleep expert decision, 77 instead of 124 polysomnographies (62.1%) would have been carried out, and 63 (80.8%) iRBD patients would have been identified; 32 of 46 (69.6%) unnecessary PSG examinations could have been avoided.ConclusionsOur proposed algorithm displayed high diagnostic accuracy for PSG‐proven iRBD cost‐effectively and may be a convenient tool for research and clinical settings. External validation sets are warranted to prove reliability. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
High‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging and T2 mapping detect regional changes within the hippocampus in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Valdés Cabrera Diana , Blevins Gregg , Smyth Penelope , Emery Derek , Solar Kevin Grant , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHippocampus demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been frequently observed in ex vivo histopathological studies; however, they are difficult to image and quantify in vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 mapping could potentially detect such regional in vivo changes if acquired with sufficient spatial resolution. The goal here was to evaluate whether there are focal hippocampal abnormalities in 43 MS patients (35 relapsing–remitting, eight secondary progressive) with and without cognitive impairment (CI) versus 43 controls using high‐resolution 1 mm isotropic DTI, as well as complementary methods of T2‐weighted and T2 mapping at 3 T. Abnormal hippocampus regions were identified voxel‐by‐voxel by using mean diffusivity (MD)/T2 thresholds and avoiding voxels attributed to cerebrospinal fluid. When compared with controls, averaged left/right whole hippocampus MD was higher in both MS groups, while lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and volume, and higher T2 relaxometry and T2‐weighted signal values, were only significant in CI MS. The hippocampal MD and T2 images/maps were not uniformly affected and focal regions of elevated MD/T2 were evident in MS patients. Both CI and not CI MS groups showed greater proportional areas of the hippocampus with elevated MD, whereas only the CI group showed a greater proportional area of elevated T2 relaxation times or T2‐weighted signal. Higher T2 relaxometry and T2‐weighted signal values of elevated regions correlated with greater disability and whole hippocampus FA negatively correlated with physical fatigue. High‐resolution hippocampus DTI and T2 mapping with less partial volume effects showed whole hippocampus abnormalities with regional elevations of MD/T2 in MS, which could be interpreted as potentially from demyelination, neuron loss, and/or inflammation, and which overall were more extensive in the hippocampus of patients with larger total brain lesion volumes and CI.
Management and outcomes of chest wall rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Authors: Lautz Timothy B. , Xue Wei , Luo Leo Y. , Fair Douglas , Qumseya Amira , Gao Zhengya , Dasgupta Roshni , Rodeberg Dave , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the chest wall presents unique management challenges and local control considerations. The benefit of complete excision is uncertain and must be weighed against potential surgical morbidity. Our aim was to assess factors, including local control modality, associated with clinical outcomes in children with chest wall RMS.MethodsForty‐four children with RMS of the chest wall from low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐risk Children's Oncology Group studies were reviewed. Predictors of local failure‐free survival (FFS), event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed, including clinical characteristics and staging, primary tumor anatomic locations, and local control modalities. Survival was assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log‐rank test.ResultsTumors were localized in 25 (57%) and metastatic in 19 (43%), and they involved the intercostal region (52%) or superficial muscle alone (36%). Clinical group was I (18%), II (14%), III (25%), and IV (43%), and ultimately 19 (43%) patients had surgical resection (upfront or delayed), including 10 R0 resections. Five‐year local FFS, EFS, and OS were 72.1%, 49.3%, and 58.5%, respectively. Univariate factors associated with local FFS included age, International Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) group, extent of surgical excision, tumor size, superficial tumor location, and presence of regional or metastatic disease. Other than tumor size, the same factors were associated with EFS and OS.ConclusionsChest wall RMS has variable presentation and outcome. Local control is a significant contributor to EFS and OS. Complete surgical excision, whether upfront or after induction chemotherapy, is usually only possible for smaller tumors confined to the superficial musculature but is associated with improved outcomes. While overall outcomes remain poor for patients with initially metastatic tumors, regardless of local control modality, complete excision may be beneficial for patients with localized tumors if it can be achieved without excess morbidity.