bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tyre and road wear particles from source to sea
Authors: Mattsson Karin , de Lima Juliana Aristéia , Wilkinson Tim , Järlskog Ida , Ekstrand Elisabet , Sköld Yvonne Andersson , Gustafsson Mats , Hassellöv Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTyre and road wear particles (TRWP) are an important microplastics contributor to the environment, although direct observations along suggested pathways are virtually absent. There are concerns for both human health and ecosystems from TRWP exposure and leached chemicals. Due to great analytical challenges in detection and characterization, almost nothing is known about the physicochemical characteristics, occurrence, fate and transport of TRWP in the environment. Diverse tyre types exist for different seasons and vehicle profiles, and their formulations are undisclosed proprietary information.Here we show TRWP dispersion in marine sediments, and a direct link between tyre formulation, tread hardness and TRWP emissions. Softer tyres with higher natural rubber and carbon black content generate higher particle wear. Sediment TRWP dominates the microplastics assemblage close to the city, while showing a much more steeply reducing concentration gradient with distance from the source, suggesting different transport behaviour compared to lower density microplastics. This implies that urbanized coastal ecosystems are impacted by the accumulating TRWP, with consequences for sediment ecosystems.One-sentence summaryTyre and road wear particles—The link between tyre formulation, emissions and their spread in the marine environment.
Esophageal reconstruction as the first step for treating secondary aortoesophageal fistula due to thoracic endovascular aortic stent infection
Authors: Fukunaga Naoto , Shimoji Akio , Maeda Toshi , Mori Otohime , Yoshizawa Kosuke , Minatoya Kenji , Tamura Nobushige 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The surgical strategy for aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) depends on the experience of each surgeon, and there is no consensus on the strategy to be adopted. We propose our two-stage operation compromising esophagectomy and reconstruction as the first step and in situ aortic graft replacement as the second step after 7 days for treating AEF secondary to thoracic aortic stent graft infection.

Case presentation
A diagnosis of AEF was made in a 70-year-old man with a history of multiple aortic interventions. The patient underwent esophageal resection and reconstruction with a pedicled stomach roll endoscopically in the right thoracic cavity. Postoperatively, enteral feeding was resumed via a feeding tube placed in the jejunum to maintain adequate nutritional status. There was no evidence of either anastomotic leakage or necrosis. Seven days later, the patient underwent removal of the infected stent graft and in situ graft replacement via a redo left thoracotomy. After the surgery, the patient was able to start oral intake relatively early. Although more than 6 months has passed since the patient was discharged, no recurrence of infection has been observed.

Conclusions
The benefit of our strategy is the radical treatment for secondary AEF and the early resumption of oral intake.
Rapid enlargement of a traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst following an intraoperative leak test: a case report
Authors: Matsumiya Hiroki , Tanaka Kanji , Tahara Yuki , Mori Masataka , Kanayama Masatoshi , Taira Akihiro , Shinohara Shinji , Takenaka Masaru , Kuroda Koji , Tanaka Fumihiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts are a rare complication resulting from pulmonary contusion associated with blunt chest trauma.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old male patient underwent emergency surgery for hemostasis of a traumatic lung injury caused by a car accident. Because the bleeding was from the peripheral lung, partial resection was performed with an automated suture machine. A routine leak test (positive pressure ventilation at 20 cm H2O) was performed as a precautionary measure. Postoperative imaging revealed rapid enlargement of a comorbid traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst. The collapse of the obliterating bronchus due to the accident and the intraoperative positive pressure ventilation for the air leak test were considered to have caused the rapid enlargement of the traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst. A thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy was performed on postoperative day 5. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report of a rapidly enlarging traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst captured on preoperative and postoperative computed tomography. It would serve as a learning point for respiratory surgeons. These results suggest that when patients with traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts are operated on under general anesthesia, excessive positive pressure ventilation may cause a rapid expansion of the pulmonary pseudocyst.
Application value of 3D pCASL in early assessment of potential radiation encephalopathy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: He Yujie , Guo Jingjing , Ding Yongjun , Zhou Leyuan , Jiang Xinyu , Zhen Chendao , Wu Qinghua 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The study explores the application value of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (3D pCASL) in early assessment of radiation encephalopathy (REP) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 39 cases of NPC was performed. Routine enhanced MRI scan and 3D pCASL imaging were used to examine the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and brain blood flow (CBF) before and after treatment with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Dosimetric analysis of irradiation was performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze diagnostic performance of two imaging methods.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the two methods for the measurement of temporal white matter ADC, but statistically significant difference was found in CBF. 3D pCASL imaging showed more sensitivity, specificity and higher accuracy than conventional MRI enhanced scan in showing REP. The maximum dose of the temporal lobe was at the enhanced area.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates that 3D pCASL scan at month 3 can reflect blood flow perfusion differences in NPC patients after IMRT and can accurately assess the possibility of REP at early stage. Enhanced areas have a higher probability of REP than the surrounding areas.

Advances in knowledge:
There is few magnetic resonance angiography studies used to evaluate arterial circulation on its application on potential REP after radiotherapy for NPC. In our study, we evaluate the application value of 3D pCASL in the early assessment of potential REP in patients with NPC after radiotherapy. The study was to provide an improved understanding of the early specific characteristics on MRI imaging and evolution of potential radiation encephalopathy using 3D pCASL technique, which can quantitatively evaluate the changes of blood flow in tissues at early stage and help to diagnose and treat potential radiation encephalopathy as early as possible.
The role of clinical imaging in oncology drug development: progress and new challenges
Authors: Murphy Philip Stephen , Galette Paul , van der Aart Jasper , Janiczek Robert L , Patel Neel , Brown Andrew P 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 2008, the role of clinical imaging in oncology drug development was reviewed. The review outlined where imaging was being applied and considered the diverse demands across the phases of drug development. A limited set of imaging techniques was being used, largely based on structural measures of disease evaluated using established response criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumours. Beyond structure, functional tissue imaging such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and metabolic measures using [18F]flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were being increasingly incorporated. Specific challenges related to the implementation of imaging were outlined including standardisation of scanning across study centres and consistency of analysis and reporting. More than a decade on the needs of modern drug development are reviewed, how imaging has evolved to support new drug development demands, the potential to translate state-of-the-art methods into routine tools and what is needed to enable the effective use of this broadening clinical trial toolset. In this review, we challenge the clinical and scientific imaging community to help refine existing clinical trial methods and innovate to deliver the next generation of techniques. Strong industry–academic partnerships and pre-competitive opportunities to co-ordinate efforts will ensure imaging technologies maintain a crucial role delivering innovative medicines to treat cancer.
Manual aspiration of a pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy: outcomes and risk factors
Authors: Chan Michael Vinchill , Afraz Zahra , Huo Ya Ruth , Kandel Sonja , Rogalla Patrik 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Quantify the outcomes following pneumothorax aspiration and influence upon chest drain insertion. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent aspiration for the treatment of a pneumothorax following a CT percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (CT-PTLB) from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2020 at a tertiary center. Patient, lesion and procedural factors associated with chest drain insertion were assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 102 patients underwent aspiration for a pneumothorax following CT-PTLB. Overall, 81 patients (79.4%) had a successful pneumothorax aspiration and were discharged home on the same day. In 21 patients (20.6%), the pneumothorax continued to increase post-aspiration and required chest drain insertion with hospital admission. Significant risk factors requiring chest drain insertion included upper/middle lobe biopsy location [odds ratio (OR) 6.46; 95% CI 1.77–23.65, p = 0.003], supine biopsy position (OR 7.06; 95% CI 2.24–22.21, p < 0.001), emphysema (OR 3.13; 95% CI 1.10–8.87, p = 0.028), greater needle depth ≥2 cm (OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.44–11.07, p = 0.005) and a larger pneumothorax (axial depth ≥3 cm) (OR 16.00; 95% CI 4.76–53.83, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, larger pneumothorax size and supine position during biopsy remained significant for chest drain insertion. Aspiration of a larger pneumothorax (radial depths ≥3 cm and ≥4 cm) had a 50% rate of success. Aspiration of a smaller pneumothorax (radial depth 2–3 cm and <2 cm) had an 82.6% and 100% rate of success, respectively. Conclusion: Aspiration of pneumothorax after CT-PTLB can help reduce chest drain insertion in approximately 50% of patients with larger pneumothoraces and even more so with smaller pneumothoraces (>80%). Advances in knowledge: Aspiration of pneumothoraces up to 3 cm was often associated with avoiding chest drain insertion and allowing for earlier discharge.
Evaluation of tumour motion and internal/external correlation in lung SABR
Authors: Ali Asmaa M , Greenwood Jason B , Walls Gerard M , Belshaw Louise , Agnew Christina E , McAleese Jonathan , Whitten Glenn , Irvine Denise M , Hounsell Alan R , McGarry Conor K 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
This study aims to analyse lung tumour motion and to investigate the correlation between the internal tumour motion acquired from four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and the motion of an external surrogate.

Methods:
A data set of 363 4DCT images was analysed. Tumours were classified based on their anatomical lobes. The recorded gross tumour volume (GTV) information included the centroid GTV motion in the superior–inferior, anteroposterior and left-right directions, and in three-dimensions (3D). For the internal/external correlation, the RPM surrogate breathing signals of 260 patients were analysed via an in-house script. The external motion was correlated with the 3D centroid motion, and the maximum tumour motion via Spearman’s correlation. The effect of tumour volume on the amount of motion was evaluated.

Results:
The greatest 3D tumour amplitude was found for tumours located in the lower part of the lung, with a maximum of 26.7 mm. The Spearman’s correlation of the internal 3D motion was weak in the upper (r = 0.21) and moderate in the middle (r = 0.51) and the lower (r = 0.52) lobes. There was no obvious difference in the correlation coefficients between the maximum tumour displacement and the centroid motion. No correlation was found between the tumour volume and the magnitude of motion.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that tumour location can be a good predictor of its motion. However, tumour size is a poor predictor of the motion.

Advances in knowledge:
This knowledge of the distribution of tumour motion throughout the thoracic regions will be valuable to research groups investigating the refinement of motion management strategies.
The usefulness of machine-learning-based evaluation of clinical and pretreatment 18F-FDG-PET/CT radiomic features for predicting prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Nakajo Masatoyo , Nagano Hiromi , Jinguji Megumi , Kamimura Yoshiki , Masuda Keiko , Takumi Koji , Tani Atsushi , Hirahara Daisuke , Kariya Keisuke , Yamashita Masaru , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To examine whether machine learning (ML) analyses involving clinical and 18F-FDG-PET-based radiomic features are helpful in predicting prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 49 patients with laryngeal cancer who underwent18F-FDG-PET/CT before treatment, and these patients were divided into the training (n = 34) and testing (n = 15) cohorts.Seven clinical (age, sex, tumor size, T stage, N stage, Union for International Cancer Control stage, and treatment) and 40 18F-FDG-PET–based radiomic features were used to predict disease progression and survival. Six ML algorithms (random forest, neural network, k-nearest neighbors, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and support vector machine) were used for predicting disease progression. Two ML algorithms (cox proportional hazard and random survival forest [RSF] model) considering for time-to-event outcomes were used to assess progression-free survival (PFS), and prediction performance was assessed by the concordance index (C-index).

Results:
Tumor size, T stage, N stage, GLZLM_ZLNU, and GLCM_Entropy were the five most important features for predicting disease progression.In both cohorts, the naïve Bayes model constructed by these five features was the best performing classifier (training: AUC = 0.805; testing: AUC = 0.842). The RSF model using the five features (tumor size, GLZLM_ZLNU, GLCM_Entropy, GLRLM_LRHGE and GLRLM_SRHGE) exhibited the highest performance in predicting PFS (training: C-index = 0.840; testing: C-index = 0.808).

Conclusion:
ML analyses involving clinical and 18F-FDG-PET–based radiomic features may help predict disease progression and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer.

Advances in knowledge:
ML approach using clinical and 18F-FDG-PET–based radiomic features has the potential to predict prognosis of laryngeal cancer.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: prediction of tumor grades by radiomics models based on ultrasound images
Authors: Dong Yi , Yang Dao-Hui , Tian Xiao-Fan , Lou Wen-Hui , Wang Han-Zhang , Chen Sheng , Qiu Yi-Jie , Wang Wenping , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
We aimed to investigate whether the radiomics analysis based on B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) images could predict histopathological tumor grades in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).

Methods
A total of 64 patients with surgery and histopathologically confirmed pNETs were retrospectively included (34 male and 30 female, mean age 52.4 ± 12.2 years). Patients were divided into training cohort (n = 44) and validation cohort (n = 20). All pNETs were classified into Grade 1 (G1), Grade 2 (G2), and Grade 3 (G3) tumors based on the Ki-67 proliferation index and the mitotic activity according to WHO 2017 criteria. Maximum relevance minimum redundancy, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used for feature selection. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the model performance.

Results
Finally, 18 G1 pNETs, 35 G2 pNETs, and 11 G3 pNETs patients were included. The radiomic score derived from BMUS images to predict G2/G3 from G1 displayed a good performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.844 in the training cohort, and 0.833 in the testing cohort. The radiomic score achieved an accuracy of 81.8% in the training cohort and 80.0% in the testing cohort, a sensitivity of 0.750 and 0.786, a specificity of 0.833 and 0.833 in the training/testing cohorts. Clinical benefit of the score also exhibited superior usefulness of the radiomic score, as shown by the decision curve analysis.

Conclusions
Radiomic data constructed from BMUS images have the potential for predicting histopathological tumor grades in patients with pNETs.

Advances in knowledge
The radiomic model constructed from BMUS images has the potential for predicting histopathological tumor grades and Ki-67 proliferation indexes in patients with pNETs.
Comparison of the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with conventional ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in malignant non-mass breast lesions
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Jing , Jin Lifang , Jia Chao , Shi Qiusheng , Wu Rong 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)+conventional ultrasound vs MRI for malignant non-mass breast lesions (NMLs).

Methods:
A total of 109 NMLs detected by conventional ultrasound and examined by both CEUS and MRI were retrospectively analysed. The characteristics of NMLs in CEUS and MRI were noted, and agreement between the two modalities was analysed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value (PPV), negative-predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of the two methods for diagnosing malignant NMLs were calculated in the overall sample and subgroups of different sizes(&lt;10 mm, 10–20 mm, &gt;20 mm).

Results:
A total of 66 NMLs detected by conventional ultrasound showed non-mass enhancement in MRI. Agreement between ultrasound and MRI was 60.6%. Probability of malignancy was higher when there was agreement between the two modalities. In the overall group, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the two methods were 91.3%, 71.4%, 60%, 93.4% and 100%, 50.4%, 59.7%, 100%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of CEUS+conventional ultrasound was better than that of MRI (AUC: 0.825 vs 0.762, p = 0.043). The specificity of both methods decreased as lesion size increased, but sensitivity did not change. There was no significant difference between the AUCs of the two methods in the size subgroups (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
The diagnostic performance of CEUS+conventional ultrasound may be better than that of MRI for NMLs detected by conventional ultrasound. However, the specificity of both methods decrease significantly as lesion size increases.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study to compare the diagnostic performance of CEUS+conventional ultrasound vs that of MRI for malignant NMLs detected by conventional ultrasound. While CEUS+conventional ultrasound appears to be superior to MRI, subgroup analysis suggests that diagnostic performance is poorer for larger NMLs.
Computed diffusion-weighted imaging with a low-apparent diffusion coefficient-pixel cut-off technique for breast cancer detection
Authors: Kazama Toshiki , Takahara Taro , Endo Jun , Yamamuro Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Tatsuya , Niwa Tetsu , Niikura Naoki , Okamura Takuho , Kumaki Nobue , Hashimoto Jun 
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of computed diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with low-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-pixel cut-off technique (cDWI cut-off) and actual measured DWI (mDWI). Methods: Eighty-seven consecutive patients with malignant breast lesions and 72 with negative breast lesions who underwent breast MRI were retrospectively evaluated. Computed DWI with high b-values of 800, 1200, and 1500 s/mm2 and ADC cut-off thresholds of none, 0, 0.3, and 0.6 (×10−3 mm2/s) were generated from DWI with two b-values (0 and 800 s/mm2). To identify the optimal conditions, two radiologists evaluated the fat suppression and lesion reduction failure using a cut-off technique. The contrast between breast cancer and glandular tissue was evaluated using region of interest analysis. Three other board-certified radiologists independently assessed the optimised cDWI cut-off and mDWI data sets. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: When an ADC cut-off threshold of 0.3 or 0.6 (× 10−3 mm2/s) was applied, fat suppression improved significantly (p < .05). The contrast of the cDWI cut-off with a b-value of 1200 or 1500 s/mm2 was better than the mDWI (p < .01). The ROC area under the curve for breast cancer detection was 0.837 for the mDWI and 0.909 for the cDWI cut-off (p < .01). Conclusion: The cDWI cut-off provided better diagnostic performance than mDWI for breast cancer detection. Advances in knowledge: Using the low-ADC-pixel cut-off technique, computed DWI can improve diagnostic performance by increasing contrast and eliminating un-suppressed fat signals.
Role of computed tomography in predicting adrenal adenomas with cortisol hypersecretion
Authors: Kim Chan Kyo , Kang Kyung A , Oh Young Lyun , Park Sung Yoon 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To investigate performance of adrenal CT-derived multivariate prediction models in differentiating adenomas with cortisol hypersecretion from the other subtypes.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 127 patients who underwent adrenal CT and had a surgically proven adrenal adenoma. Adenoma subtypes were defined according to biochemical test results: Group A, overt cortisol hypersecretion; Group B, mild cortisol hypersecretion; Group C, aldosterone hypersecretion; and Group D, non-function. Two independent readers analyzed size, attenuation, and washout properties of adenomas, and performed quantitative and qualitative analyses for assessing contralateral adrenal atrophy. Actual and internally validated areas under the curves (AUCs) of adrenal CT-derived multivariate prediction models for differentiating adenomas with cortisol hypersecretion from the other subtypes were assessed

Results:
In differentiating Group A from the other groups, the actual and internally validated AUCs of the prediction model were 0.856 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.786, 0.926) and 0.847 (95% CI: 0.695, 0.999) for Reader 1, respectively, and 0.901 (95% CI: 0.845, 0.956) and 0.897 (95% CI: 0.783, 1.000) for Reader 2, respectively. In differentiating Group B from groups C and D, the actual and internally validated AUCs of the prediction model were 0.777 (95% CI: 0.687, 0.866) and 0.760 (95% CI: 0.552, 0.969) for Reader 1, respectively, and 0.783 (95% CI: 0.690, 0.875) and 0.765 (95% CI: 0.553, 0.977) for Reader 2, respectively.

Conclusion:
Adrenal CT may be useful in differentiating adenomas with cortisol hypersecretion from the other subtypes.

Advances in knowledge:
Adrenal CT may benefit in adrenal adenoma subtyping.