bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of corneal abnormalities in 60 years and older; Tehran geriatric eye study
Authors: Yekta Abbas Ali , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Hashemi Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Moniri Mohamadreza , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Yekta Reihaneh , Yekta Yeganeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To estimate the prevalence of some corneal abnormalities and determine their important risk factors of elderly population of Tehran.Methods: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study was a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 60 years and older of the population of Tehran using stratified cluster random sampling. The participants underwent complete optometric and ophthalmic examination. Firth's logistic regression analysis was used to model the most important risk factors.Results: Of 3781 invited individuals, 3310 participated in the study. Age and sex standardized prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of posterior embryotoxon (PE), punctate epithelial defect (PED), pigment on endothelium (POE), corneal dystrophy (CDys), corneal vascularization (CV) and corneal degeneration (CDeg) was 0.08% (0.02–0.40), 8.77% (6.64–11.51), 0.57% (0.33–0.98), 0.53% (0.33–0.82), 0.95% (0.60–1.52), and 44.87% (41.80–47.98), respectively. Overall, 49.08% of study participants had some type of corneal abnormality in at least one eye. Based on the results of model building, PED had a positive association with age (OR: 2.03 for >80 years old vs. 60–64 years. old, p: 0.001) and an inverse association with socioeconomic status (SES) (OR: 0.52 for highest vs. lowest, p: 0.004). CDeg had a positive association with age (OR: 2.79 for >80 years. old vs. 60–64 years old; p 80 years. old vs. 60–64 years. old, p: 0.028) and an inverse association with SES 20 (OR: 0.17 for high vs. lowest, p: 0.017) and female sex (OR: 0.44, p: 0.048). Among all variables, age had the highest standardized coefficient (age standardized coefficient was 0.090, 0.193, and 0.191 for PED, CV, and CDeg, respectively).Conclusions: Overall, one in every two people aged 60 years and over has at least one corneal abnormality, especially CDeg. Age was the most important determinants in the occurrence of corneal abnormalities. Therefore, Priority should be given to old people in designing diagnostic and treatment interventions.
Surgical removal of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) accidentally injected inside crystalline lens
Authors: Parikakis Efstratios , Kontomichos Loukas , Batsos Georgios , Peponis Vasileios , Mpouratzis Nikolaos , Mpisoukis Anastasios , Karagiannis Dimitrios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To present a rare case of accidental injection of dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into crystalline lens in a patient with diabetic macular edema, which was surgically removed by uneventful phacoemulsification.Methods: A 41‐year‐old male patient had been treated with multiple aflibercept intravitreal injections for diabetic macular edema in his right eye, but he showed suboptimal response. So, we decided to treat this patient with intravitreal injection of Ozurdex. The implant was inadvertently injected inside the lens. Subcapsular cataract was formed during the course of 3 weeks at the precise site of the insertion and there was an increase of intraocular pressure, which was addressed with topical anti‐glaucoma medication. Despite all that, the macular edema regressed.Results: We performed cataract surgery and simultaneous removal of the Ozurdex implant 3 months after the injection. Phacoemulsification was completed without any complications as the posterior capsule remained intact the entire surgical time and the one‐piece intraocular lens was successfully placed in the bag.Conclusions: The injection of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) into the crystalline lens is a rare complication that can be effectively managed with the surgical extraction of the implant from the lens and implantation of a one‐piece intraocular lens in the posterior chamber in the bag without any complications.
Effect of idiopathic epiretinal membrane on the macular ganglion cell complex measurement in eyes with glaucoma
Authors: Nakakura Shunsuke , Asaoka Ryo , Oogi Satomi , Aoki Ryota , Matsuya Kanae , Terao Etsuko , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study investigated the effect of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and associated SUKIMA on ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness measurements in eyes with glaucoma.Methods: We retrospectively recruited 41 eyes of 34 patients with glaucoma with idiopathic ERM and 41 eyes of 41 patients with glaucoma without ERM as controls (matched with age, axial length, and mean visual field deviation). The thicknesses of GCC layers (retinal nerve fibre layer [RNFL], ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer [GCIPL] and GCC [RNFL + GCIPL]) were measured with swept source optical coherence tomography. We investigated the presence of SUKIMA (the gap between the ERM and retinal surface) and its effect on GCC measurements.Results: RNFL, GCIPL, and GCC were thicker in ERM (+) eyes than in control (31.0 ± 12.3 μm vs. 22.7 ± 10.8 μm, 62.6 ± 12.2 μm vs. 53.8 ± 5.9 μm, and 91.8 ± 16.6 μm vs. 76.8 ± 13.3 μm, respectively; p < 0.01). Eyes with ERM‐associated SUKIMA (+) had thicker GCIPL and GCC compared with those with ERM but no SUKIMA (−) and controls (p < 0.01).Conclusions: ERM‐associated SUKIMA influences GCC thickness and can result in underestimations of glaucoma severity. We should check the presence of ERM using B mode scan and also check the SKIMA sign.References1. Sakimoto S, Okazaki T, Usui S, et al. Cross‐sectional imaging analysis of epiretinal membrane involvement in unilateral open‐angle glaucoma severity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59, 5745–5751 (2018).2. Murase A, Asaoka R, Inoue T, et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography parameter and visual function in eyes with epiretinal membrane. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 62, 6 (2021). doi:10.1167/iovs.62.6.63. Govetto A, Lalane RA III, Sarraf D, et al. Insights Into epiretinal membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical coherence tomography staging scheme. Am J Ophthalmol 175, 99–113 (2017).4. Fung AT, Galvin J, Tran T. Epiretinal membrane: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 49, 289–308 (2021).
Acquired night blindness due to rod dysfunction after long‐term haemodialysis
Authors: Abdi Rhizlane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report the clinical findings in 10 patients who developed night blindness after long‐term haemodialysis.Methods: The medical charts of the 10 patients were examined. The fundus photographs, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomographic (SD‐OCT) images, full‐field ERGs, and blood chemistry panels were analysed.Results: The mean age of the 10 patients (4 men) at the time of diagnosis was 70 years. The mean duration of the haemodialysis was 23 years. The visual acuity of the patients was preserved at 20/30 or better except in 1 eye. Ophthalmoscopy showed white flecks that were scattered over the midperipheral retina in all the eyes. SD‐OCT showed mild macular degeneration in 5 eyes. The scotopic ERGs elicited by dim flashes were absent, and those elicited by bright flashes had negative waveforms. The photopic ERGs were relatively well preserved. These data indicated a rod‐specific dysfunction that may account for the night blindness. The plasma concentration of vitamin A was within the normal range in 4 of the patients and slightly lower than the normal limit in 1 of the patients. Administration of vitamin A was performed for 1 patient, and the symptom of night blindness and scotopic ERGs were improved 3 months later.Conclusions: Long‐term haemodialysis can be associated with the night blindness that may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, even though the plasma concentration of vitamin A in these patients was within the normal range.
Hysterectomy for benign indication and risk of cataract in women in South Korea
Authors: Sim Haeun , Jeong Jeonga , Kang Min Ji , Hwang Jehyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Results from previous studies on the relationship between female reproductive hormones, especially oestrogen, and the incidence of cataracts are limited. This study sought to evaluate the effects of hysterectomy on the risk of lens opacity in Korean women.Methods: This retrospective cohort utilized data collected from 2007 to 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance database. A total of 255 576 postmenopausal women were included. Participants were divided into those who did and did not undergo hysterectomy. The hysterectomy group was further divided into two subgroups according to the adnexal surgery performed. Comparison of the prevalence of cataract between the control group, hysterectomy alone group, and hysterectomy with adnexal surgery group was performed.Results: The control group included 137 999 participants who did not undergo hysterectomy. The treatment group consisted with 93 719 women who underwent hysterectomy alone or hysterectomy with adnexal surgery. The control group showed a higher incidence of cataracts than the treatment group, as analysed by the 1:1 propensity score matching method and adjusted for variables.Conclusions: All participants in the treatment group had a lower incidence of cataract than those in the control group. These findings may help physicians identify the role of female reproductive hormones in cataract development.References1. Hiller R, Sperduto RD, Ederer F. Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:916–25.2. Gavin KM, Jankowski C, Kohrt WM, Stauffer BL, Seals DR, Moreau KL. Hysterectomy is associated with large artery stiffening in oestrogen‐deficient postmenopausal women. Menopause 2012;19:1000–7.3. Chang HJ, Han SH, Lee JR, et al. Impact of laparoscopic cystectomy on ovarian reserve: serial changes of serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels. Fertil Steril 2010;94:343–9.
Visual prognosis after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma and its relationship with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness
Authors: Cisneros‐Arias Pablo , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Moscarda Eva Nuñez , Orejudo Marta , Aramburu Julia , Fernandez Miguel Castillo , Suñer Marta , Rivasés Guillermo P. , Gabás Javier Mateo , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Barreda María Dolores Díaz , Borghi Luca Bueno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of pituitary adenoma showing the prognostic correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer analysis by OCT and the final postoperative visual result.Methods: A 55‐year‐old female patient with loss of visual acuity in the right eye. During the clinical study a pituitary adenoma was found. OCT showed greater involvement of the retinal nerve fibre layer of the right eye. It was decided to perform surgery to remove the adenoma.Results: A greater improvement is obtained in the left eye than in the right eye after surgery. This result was expected according to the range of involvement shown in the pre‐surgical OCT.Conclusions: OCT is a rapid, non‐invasive, quantitative and objective method for measuring this parameter, which is why this tool has been shown to be fundamental in the follow‐up of these patients and in making decisions such as the appropriate time to operate. The greater the involvement of the retinal nerve fibre layer, the worse the visual prognosis of each eye.
Longitudinal analysis of Irvine‐Gass syndrome using swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Aoun Safa Ben , Meriem Ouederni , Fehmy Nafaa , Sassi Hela , Cheour Monia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To monitor macular edema in Irvine‐Gass (IG) syndrome using Swept source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT) and describe different features.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study carried out at the Ophthalmology department of Habib Thameur University Hospital of Tunis between January 1st 2020 and December 30th 2021. Patients with pseudophakic macular edema were included. Patients with ocular or systemic diseases that may interfere with ocular imaging (Age‐related macular degeneration, diabetes and central venous occlusion) were excluded. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and SS OCT at first presentation (M1) and 2 months (M2) after treatment with topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Central retinal thickness (CRT), central choroidal thickness (CCT), serous retinal detachment thickness (SRDT) and diameter of the largest cystic intraretinal space (DCS) were measured and compared. Paired samples T‐test and McNemar test were performed using 21.0 SPSS.Results: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients (5 males and 9 females) were eligible for the study. The median age was 69 years ±8 years. Pseudophakic macular edema interested the right eye in 12 eyes. Qualitative analysis of SS OCT revealed serous retinal detachment in 11 eyes (73%) on M1 and 9 eyes (60%) on M2. Cystic intraretinal spaces were present in 14 eyes (100%) on M1 and 10 eyes (66%) on M2. CRT decreased significantly from 505.73 μm on M1 to 342.93 μm on M2 (p = 0.000), it affected the four macular quadrants significatively (p = 0.004). SRDT decreased from 134.80 μm on M1 to 56.33 μm on M2 (p = 0.03) and DCS from 287.93 μm on M1 to 104.93 μm on M2 (p = 0.000). Mean CCT was 205.60 μm on M1 and 210.20 μm on M2 with no significant difference (p = 0.90).Conclusions: SS OCT provides qualitative and quantitative analysis for the monitoring of the IG syndrome. It demonstrated improvement of the retinal measurements during the first 2 months with significant regression of the CRT, the SRDT and the DCS. Therefore, the choroid seems to be spared in the regeneration process.
Association of age‐related macular degeneration on Alzheimer or Parkinson disease
Authors: Jee Donghyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To determine the association of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD).Methods: The study population consisted of 308 340 participants aged 50 years or older from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort. After exclusion of participants with AMD during 2002, participants were detected for AMD during 2003–2005. Starting from January 1, 2006, all participants were followed up for AD and PD until December 31, 2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for AD and PD risk.Results: Compared to non‐AMD participants, AMD patients had higher risk for AD (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.25–1.74) and PD (aHR 1.46, 95% CI 1.14–1.88). The risk‐increasing association of AMD with AD (aHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.39–3.66) and PD (aHR 2.02, 95% CI 1.00–4.08) were preserved among participants who were never‐smokers, did not consume alcohol, and exercised regularly. Finally, AMD was associated with higher risk of AD (aHR 1.96, 95% CI 1.46–2.65 for age < 70 years and aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26–1.86 for age ≥ 70 years) and PD (aHR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29–2.80 for age < 70 years and aHR 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.04 for age ≥ 70 years) according to subgroups divided by age.Conclusions: Compared to non‐AMD participants, AMD patients had higher risk for AD and PD even among those with healthy lifestyle behaviours. Patients with AMD must be closely monitored for possible subsequent development of AD or PD.
Analysis of vitreous immunity using OCT in rats with steroid‐induced glaucoma
Authors: Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Munuera Ines , Montolio Alberto , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Mallen Victor , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Pablo Luis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The subclinical immune response mediates a homeostatic role in healthy situations, but in pathological situations it misbalances. Glaucoma is a multifactorial pathology in which immunity is involved. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detects the immune response in vitreous as hyperreflective opacities. The aim of this study is to monitor vitreous parainflammation in two steroid induced glaucoma (SIG) animal models, comparing both sexes and healthy controls over 6 months.Methods: Two SIG models were induced by injecting a suspension of PLGA‐Ms loaded with dexamethasone or dexamethasone/fibronectine into the anterior chamber of rat eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by rebound tonometer every week and vitreous‐retinal interface was evaluated with OCT at 0, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 weeks of follow‐up. Vitreous images were exported as AVI videos and then we designed a computational analysis that characterizes and classifies the vitreous hyperreflective opacities based on their size into isolated cells (10 microns2), non‐activated cells (10–50 microns2), activated cells (50–250 microns2) and complexes (>250 microns2). Vitreous/retinal pigment epithelium (VIT/RPE) relative intensity, opacity/cell intensity, eccentricity and orientation were analysed.Results: SIG eyes showed tendency of greater intensity, and number of vitreous opacities (p < 0.05) with dynamic fluctuations. Both SIG models showed an antinflammatory profile, with non‐activated cells as the highest population over the study. However, smaller opacities (isolated cells) seems to be the first responder to noxa since they were the most rounded (recruitment) coinciding with IOP peak increase, showed the highest mean intensity (intracellular machinery) even in contralateral eye, and the greatest change in orientation (motility).Conclusions: Study the features of hyper‐reflective opacities in vitreous using OCT could be a biomarker of glaucoma onset and progression.
Occipital cortex activity in response to melanopsin in healthy humans
Authors: Minier Astrid , Kostic Corinne , Murray Micah M. , Kawasaki Aki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Melanopsin‐expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) signal light information to the brain and mediate non‐visual physiologic responses. Animal studies suggest that melanopsin also influences the visual pathway via synaptic contacts in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the superior colliculus. In healthy and blind humans, blue light exposure results in modulation of occipital activity in neuroimaging studies, presumably from melanopsin interaction with photoreceptors. This study examined if melanopsin activation influences the visual evoked potential (VEP).Methods: We recorded VEPs to light flash stimuli to activate cones, rods and melanopsin in 30 healthy volunteers (red: 630 nm, blue: 445 nm, intensities: 0.00003 to 150 cd/m2). Dark adaptation was used to sensitize rods. At 2 log cd/m2, rods are saturated, and bright blue lights are considered more melanopsin activating. Under photopic conditions, red light activates M‐L cones. Amplitude and latency of the N2 and P2 components of the VEP were evaluated.Results: P2 obtained from the melanopsin stimulus presented under dark‐adaptation (MEL1) had the largest amplitude and shortest latency of all VEPs including the melanopsin stimulus presented non‐dark adapted condition (MEL2). There was no difference of N2 between MEL1 and MEL2 conditions. The latency of N2 and P2 from rods was longer than that from MEL1 and MEL2. P2 from MEL2 was equivalent in amplitude and latency to the P2 of the brightest cone stimulus (30 cd/m2 red light).Conclusion: Under non‐dark‐adapted conditions, bright blue light evokes a similar VEP as bright red light, suggesting that cones are the predominant influence in these conditions. However, bright blue light presented under dark adaptation modified the VEP latency and amplitude. As rod VEPs are distinguished by slow latencies, then we propose that these changes arise from mRGCs influence on cone‐mediated visual pathways to the occipital cortex.
Longitudinal neuroretinal analysis in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Mallen Victor , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Munuera Inés , Satue Maria , Garcia‐Martin Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To analyse macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) and visual parameters in patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) over 5 years, compared with controls.Methods: Eighty patients with FM and 38 sex‐matched healthy subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including assessment of visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS chart, contrast sensitivity vision (CSV) with Pelli Robson, colour vision with Farnsworth and Lanthony D15 tests and retinal evaluation using Spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). Only one eye per subject was randomly selected and included. Patients were classified into three different groups (1, atypical; 2, depressive; 3, biologic) to analyse progression depending on the disease phenotype. All subjects were re‐evaluated after 5 years to quantify changes in visual function parameters, ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. Association between progressive ophthalmologic changes and disease severity was analysed.Results: After a period of 5 years of follow up, patients with FM showed progressive changes in visual function parameters and GCL thickness. They presented low contrast VA (p = 0.024) and decreased GCL thickness and the RFNL. Changes in GCL thickness were associated with disease severity. In atypical and biological phenotypes, correlations between disease severity scores and structural changes were observed.Conclusions: In patients with FM has been detected progressive visual dysfunction and neuroretinal degeneration. The evaluation of visual parameters and GCL/RNFL thickness using SD‐OCT could be a non‐invasive and useful tool for monitoring FM progression.
Neurodegeneration in chronic glaucoma analysed according to different hypertensive models induced in rats
Authors: Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Munuera Ines , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Mallen Victor , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Pablo Luis , Rodrigo Maria Jesus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare four different animal models of chronic glaucoma with normal ageing over 6 months.Methods: Chronic glaucoma was induced in 138 Long‐Evans rats and compared to 43 healthy rats (healthy cohort). Rats were injected in their right eye to increase intraocular pressure (IOP). 25 rats received biweekly episcleral vein sclerosis injections (EVS cohort) and the remaining rats received an intraocular injection with a suspension of biodegradables microspheres (Ms): 25 rats received no‐loaded Ms at 0‐2‐4‐8‐12‐16 and 20 weeks (Ms20/10 cohort), 45 rats received Ms loaded with dexamethasone at baseline and week 4 (MsDexa cohort), and 43 rats received Ms co‐loaded with dexamethasone and fibronectine at baseline (MsDexaFibro cohort), in the anterior chamber of the eye. IOP, functionality of neuroretina by electroretinography (ERG), structure of neuroretina and vitreous interface by optical coherence tomography (OCT) were analysed.Results: The EVS cohort showed the steepest and strongest increase in IOP, whereas the Ms models had a more progressive increase. Each model showed a specific retinal damage and vitreous signal in OCT. The EVS cohort experienced the highest vitreous intensity and percentage loss in ganglion cell layer, MsDexa in the retinal nerve fibre layer and MsDexaFibro in total thickness of the retina at 24 weeks of the study. Ganglion cells' signal using ERG was bigger in the glaucomatous cohorts compared to healthy rats.Conclusions: Different models of chronic glaucoma resulted in different curves of IOP and patterns of neuroretinal degeneration. Modulable degeneration was generated using models by the injection of biodegradable Ms. The biodegradable Ms models simulated accurately the neurodegeneration seen in human chronic glaucoma. Our results reinforced the multifactorial condition of glaucoma according to several noxa.