bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Digital Literacy Widens the Income Gap wi thin Chinese Farming Households
Authors: 张 永奇 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Whether or not we can narrow the urban-rural "digital literacy gap" and improve the digital literacy and skills of China's rural households so that digital technology can truly empower people, is crucial to improving the well-being of the population. Using data from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS), the article explores the construction of digital literacy indicators and identifies the key issues for improving the income of rural households through digital literacy, starting with the depth of information application. The findings show that improved digital literacy has a significant positive effect on increasing farm household income, and the study's conclusions remain valid after utilizing instrumental variables as well as multiple methodological tests. The quantile model shows that the income-enhancing performance of digital literacy is uneven across regions and significantly widens the income gap within farm households. The income-generating benefits of digital literacy have a "threshold effect" within farming households, with low-income farmers mainly obtaining wages and business income through "entertainment apps" and high-income farmers accomplishing wealth accumulation through "serious apps". High-income farmers use "serious applications" to complete wealth accumulation. Mechanism analysis shows that digital literacy can reduce the cost of acquiring knowledge and effective information, improve the better management of individual resources, and realize income expansion. Heterogeneity analysis finds that digital literacy has a more pronounced income-enhancing effect on middle-aged and older farmers and those with low levels of education. Focusing on low-income households with multiple vulnerabilities, the use of household "digital feedback" can further reduce the income gap within the household. This study helps to examine the economic effects of digital literacy on farm household income under the "winner-takes-all" market structure and provides evidence to support the use of digital literacy as a tool to promote the digital village and commonwealth in China.
The relationship between the metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 and cancer immunity: a pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Li LunXu , Tang yichun , Gao Xu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Hexokinase 2 (HK2) takes on critical significance in glycolysis as the primary rate-limiting enzyme, which can carefully control the phosphorylation of glucose. The non-metabolic functions exhibited by HK2 have been extensively reported as immunometabolism research has been leaping forward. Nevertheless, the non-canonical functions exhibited by HK2 on cancer immunity have been rarely investigated.
Methods: HK2 expression was investigated in nine cancer types with the datasets originating from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Subsequently, survival analysis (e.g., progression free interval (PFI), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS)) was performed in different tumor diseases. Moreover, we determined the relationship coefficient of clinicopathologic features and HK2 expression. Besides, the relationship coefficient of clinicopathologic features and HK2 expression was calculated. Lastly, the relationships of microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), prognosis, and HK2 expression were determined.
Results: HK2 demonstrated profound and pervasive overexpression across most tumour diseases.
Conclusions: This study revealed that HK2 may contribute to shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and facilitate the progression of tumor in LGG and GBM by affecting the anti-tumor functions of immune cells.
“My English seems not enough”: Moving from language deficit views to Kazakhstani CLIL teachers' funds of knowledge
Authors: Bedeker Michelle , Kerimkulova Sulushash 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In Kazakhstan, the rich diversity of local knowledge seems to be ignored by policymakers who favor discourses of globalization and internationalization that disempower local expertise in favor of dominant forms of Eurocentric thinking. Such discourses can lead to the marginalization of teachers' philosophical assumptions, beliefs, and values that underlie their teaching practices. This article argues for the inclusion of teachers' Funds of Knowledge (FoK) and practice-based insights to foreground their responsive and lived pedagogies despite their limited English proficiency. We used a qualitative approach that included teachers’ reflections on multimodal teaching scenarios (comics) to elicit their values and beliefs about science pedagogy. The second instrument was teachers’ narrative descriptions of how they use language in their science classrooms, collected and observed during a 45-hour professional development program. The third instrument was focus group interviews to identify the practical, theoretical, and value-laden pedagogical choices of Kazakhstani biology teachers. We conclude that a FoK framework diverted our gaze from measuring teachers against a Western-oriented standard and allowed us to foreground teachers' professional identities and practice-based EMI pedagogies as locally and contextually relevant.
Hemoglobin specific volume width promotes the prevalence and poor long-term prognosis of American adult hypertensive patients: the NHANES 1999-2020
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Yue , Wang Kaiyue , Du Zhenfang , Qiang Sheng , Huang Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Hypertensive patients are always accompanied by erythrocyte dysfunction. However, current erythrocyte-related indicators can’t explain hypertension's prevalence and long-term prognosis. Therefore, hemoglobin specific volume width (HSW) was first created to explain this phenomenon.
Methods: 59,867 adult participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NMAHES) were included. HSW’s quartiles were determined with Q1 [1.88,3.64] cL/g, Q2 (3.64,3.84] cL/g , Q3 (3.84,4.11] cL/g, and Q4 (4.11,11.74] cL/g. 21,006 hypertensive patients had a whole following time 97 (51, 151) months, 15,519 hypertensive patients were alive, and 5,487 were dead. The relationship between HSW and hypertension was analyzed.
Results: Among Controls n=35,677 and Hypertensive patients n=24,190, the percentages of hypertension in quartiles of HSW (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) were 28.59%, 33.35%, 39.37%, and 47.74%. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) in HSW was still significant, 1.23 (95% CI 1.11,1.36). Among dead (n=5,487) and alive hypertensive patients (n=15,519), the percentages of hypertensive mortality in quartiles of HSW were 17.66%, 20.46%, 20.78%, and 25.02%. The adjusted HSW hazard ratio (HR) was 1.91(95%CI 1.69,2.16). Processing Q1 as reference, the HR for Q4 was 2.35 (95% CI 2.06, 2.69). Males had a higher risk (HR: 1.53 95% CI 1.24,1.89) of poor prognosis than females (HR: 1.48 95% CI 1.17,1.87). Individuals <=60 years old (HR: 2.25 95% CI 1.78,2.85) had a higher risk of poor prognosis than those >60. Hypertensive patients with HSW > 3.89 cL/ghad a poor prognosis than HSW <= 3.89 cL/g.
Conclusions: HSW is an innovative independent risk factor for hypertensive prevalence and long-term prognosis.
Dynamically tunable circular dichroism and optical activity of bi-layer four-fold graphene chiral metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Guilin , Zhou Jiaxin , Wang Yueke , Sang Tian , Xi Binbin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this manuscript, we propose a bi-layer fourfold J-shaped graphene-based chiral metasurface structure to achieve tunable circular dichroism and optical activity without oblique incidence in the mid-infrared region. For our four-fold graphene structure, there is a giant circular dichroism of 16.13% at the resonance wavelength. And the pure rotations of polarization azimuth of 10.7° and − 15.18° respect to incident waves can be obtained at the wavelength of 21.05 and 21.4 µm, respectively. The physical mechanism of chiral nature is attributed to the induced surface current with parallel and antiparallel distributions, which can form magnetic and electric dipoles along specific directions. Besides, the circular dichroism and optical activity can be tuned by changing the Fermi energy and be affected by intrinsic relaxation time. All simulations are conducted by the finite element method. We believe our research on bi-layer four-fold graphene chiral metasurfaces will deepen the understanding of the interaction between light and matter and can be applied to design innovative polarization converters, polarization analysers and polarization-controlled devices.
Multi-Faceted Anti-Obesity Effects of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Modulators: Central-Peripheral Crosstalk
Authors: Shiromwar Shruti Subhash , Chidrawar Vijay R. , Singh Sudarshan , Chitme Havagiray R. , Maheshwari Rahul , Sultana Shabnam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hypothalamus is central to food intake and satiety. Recent data revealed that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are expressed on the hypothalamic neurons and have interactions with GABAA and serotoninergic neuronal circuits, however exact mechanism in energy homeostasis is not known. The present study aimed to investigate the role of NMDAR modulators on food intake and body fat regulation against progesterone-induced obesity in female Swiss albino mice.
Methods
Obesity was induced by progesterone administration for 4 weeks and various parameters were recorded like food intake, thermogenesis, lipid profile, organ-to-body weight ratio, white adipose tissue (WAT), adiposity index, and brain serotonin levels. Four NMDAR modulators were selected viz. Dextromethorphan Dxt, minocycline, d-aspartate, and cycloserine. Mice were allocated into 7-groups, groups-1 as vehicle control (arachis oil), group-2 (progesterone + distilled water), and group-3 as positive-control (progesterone + sibutramine), other groups were treated with test drugs + progesterone. Various parameters were recorded like food intake, thermogenesis, serum lipids, insulin, AST and ALT levels, organ: body weight ratio, total body fat, adiposity index, brain serotonin levels, histology of fat tissue, liver, and kidney.
Results
Dxt treated group has shown a significant downturn in body weight (p < 0.05) by a decline in food-intake (p < 0.01), organ: liver ratio (p < 0.001), adiposity index (p < 0.01), and a rise in body temperature and brain serotonin level (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Dxt, demonstrated anti-obesity effects by multiple mechanisms including interaction with hypothalamic GABAA channels, anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects, improving the brain serotonin levels, and increasing insulin release from the pancreatic β-cells.
Installation and Performance Evaluation of On-grid 640 kWp Capacity Rooftop Solar Power Plant at the University Campus – a case study
Authors: Aggarwal R K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni is the 1st university in Asia that is growing rapidly. Electricity consumption is around 2.23 million units annually contributing GHGs responsible for climate change. To reduce electricity consumption, a power developer has installed an on-grid 640 kWp capacity rooftop solar power plant at their own cost on RESCO mode at the university campus. The university has provided rooftop space free of cost for 25 years while the university will purchase electricity @ 1.90/unit. The university campus has 280–290 sunny days annually with solar radiation ranging from 3.56 to 7.53 kWh/m2/d. Solar modules of 20 kW to 80 kW capacities were installed at 13 selected buildings. The university buildings have inclined rooftops which reduced the structural cost. About 823,340 units of solar electricity have been generated until May 2023, thereby saving Rs. 4 million annually and a reduction in CO2 of 658,672 kg. The overall performance ratio of rooftop solar power plants comes out to be 77.95% and the capacity utilization factor of 20.98% and the specific yield of 5.03 kWh/kWp. The RTSVP meets the UN sustainable goals 7 & 13. The system will generate solar power on a sustainable basis for 25 years.
Circularity of islets is a distinct marker for the pathological diagnosis of adult-onset nesidioblastosis in surgical specimens
Authors: Nakagawa Ryota , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Fujikura Junji , Masui Toshihiko , Haga Hironori 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Nesidioblastosis is a rare cause of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in adults (adult-onset nesidioblastosis). This disease is characterized by diffuse hyperplasia of pancreatic endocrine cells and diagnosed by a pathological examination. The diagnostic criteria of this disease have been proposed, and we established more quantitative criteria for evaluating islet morphologies.
Methods
We measured the numbers, maximum diameters, total areas, and circularities (representing how closely islets resemble perfect spheres) of islets contained in representative sections of adult-onset nesidioblastosis (n = 4) or control cases (n = 5) using the NIS-Elements software program.
Results
There was no significant difference in the numbers, maximum diameters, and total areas of the islets between the two groups, even after correcting these parameters per unit of area. However, the number of islets with low circularities (< 0.71) per total area of pancreatic parenchyma was significantly larger in the adult-onset nesidioblastosis specimens than in the controls.
Conclusions
Low circularity, which indicates an irregular islet shape, referred to as "irregular shape and occasional enlargement of islets” and “lobulated islet structure" in the previous report, is a useful marker for diagnosing nesidioblastosis.
Liraglutide reduces alcohol consumption, anxiety, memory impairment, and synapse loss in alcohol dependent mice
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Wang Ziliang , Wang Wang , Wang Zhiju , Xing Ying , Hölscher Christian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues have been commercialized for the management of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have underscored GLP-1's role as a modulator of alcohol-related behavior. However, the role of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on alcohol-withdrawal responses have not been fully elucidated. Additionally, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of liraglutide on alcohol withdrawal remains unknown. This study endeavored to explore the effects of liraglutide on synaptic morphology and transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus (HP), and thus affects the emotion and memory ability of alcohol-withdrawal mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a regimen of 20% alcohol and water for a duration of 6 weeks. This regimen established the two-bottle choice model of alcohol exposure. Learning capabilities, memory proficiency, and anxiety-like behavior were evaluated using the water maze, open field, and elevated plus maze paradigms. Synaptic morphology in the mPFC and HP were assessed via Golgi staining and Western Blot analysis. Our findings indicate that liraglutide can substantially decrease alcohol consumption and preference (p < 0.05) and enhance learning and memory performance (p < 0.01), as well as alleviate anxiety-like behavior (p < 0.01). Alcohol consumption led to a reduction in dendritic spine density in the mPFC and HP, which was restored to normal levels by liraglutide (p < 0.001). Furthermore, liraglutide was found to augment the levels of synaptic transport-related proteins in mice subjected to alcohol withdrawal (p < 0.01). The study findings corroborate that liraglutide has the potential to mitigate alcohol consumption and ameliorate the memory impairments and anxietyinduced by alcohol withdrawal. The therapeutic efficacy of liraglutide might be attributed to its role in counteracting synapse loss in the mPFC and HP regions.
Magnetocaloric Effect in DyFe 3 and GdFe 3
Authors: Elnasr Raghda Abu , Z.Elnegery Eman , H.Aly Samy , Yehia Sherif , Mohammad Fatema.Z 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Magnetic compounds have attracted attention during several years, especially rare earth intermetallic compounds, for their fundamental physics of magnetism and technological impact e.g. magnetic refrigeration. The calculations of temperature dependence of magnetization, magnetic heat capacity and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) properties have been performed on DyFe3 and GdFe3 compounds. The magnetization dependence on temperature by using mean field theory (MFT), showed that both DyFe3 and GdFe3 are ferrimagnetic compounds. Direct and inverse MCE are present in these compounds. The maximum observed isothermal entropy change are 0.2 and 0.19 J/ mole K at ΔH = 4 T using Maxwell relation and the maximum values of adiabatic change in temperature are 0.95 and 0.8 K at ΔH=4 T for DyFe3 and GdFe3 respectively. The relative cooling power RCP(S) for DyFe3 and GdFe3 are 3.4 and 3.8 J/mol for a field change ΔH = 4T respectively. The relative cooling power is based on the adiabatic temperature change, RCP(T) are 14.7 and 22.4 K2 at ΔH = 4T. The calculations of the critical exponents add more evidence of the suitability of the mean-field theory to handle the systems under study.
Implications of Financial Leverage for Bank Profitability in Ghana
Authors: Alnaa Samuel Erasmus , Matey Juabin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There are typically two capital financing models available to companies: debt and equity. Capital sources and cash flow are frequently factors in determining whether to retain control of the company, along with how important it is to the company's major shareholders to relinquish sectoral control. We examine the implications of financial leverage as a financing model for bank profitability vi-a-vis equity capital in the Ghana banking sector. Risk Adjusted Return on Assets (RAROA) and Risk Adjusted Return on Equity RAROE) are the response variables in the established financing model on which three explanatory variables (bank credit risk, liquidity risk, and bank capital sufficiency) are regressed. Analysis of data revealed among others, an inverse bank profitability-credit risk relationship in the case of RAROA, whereas a direct link between credit risk and capital adequacy as regressors, and RAROE as the resultant variable is professed. Debt capital financing has diverse implications for profitability, especially venture-capital funding for startup banks. There is a contractionary effect on plough back accrued income, but without giving up part ownership of the business to creditors as the case were with equity capital. A moderate use of an overlap of equity capital over debt capital is recommended.
LSDX: Point Cloud Segmentation with Local Surface Distribution and X-Net
Authors: Zhou Wei , Jiao Jianbin , Wei Mingan , Nei Wang , Xu Haixia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose and Methods: Currently, most network models for point cloud segmentation face challenges such as inadequate capture of continuous structural information on the point cloud surface and low feature recognition rates. This paper first investigates the local surface structure of point clouds and introduces the Local Surface Distribution (LSD) structure for analyzing and learning point clouds. This structure calculates the distribution of local neighborhoods in a per-point manner, enhancing the continuity of structural information within the point cloud. Then we propose X-Net, a model structure based on continuous encoding and decoding. Based on LSD and X-Net, we present the LSDX model framework for point cloud segmentation. Furthermore, we specify two implementations of LSDX, namely LSDX-PN2 and LSDX-PT.
Results and Conclusion: We evaluate our proposed LSDX on several challenging benchmarks, and experimental results demonstrate that LSDX produces more accurate segmentation boundary and significantly reduces isolated points in the prediction results than other methods. In particular, LSDX-PT, which takes Point Transformer as the baseline, outperforms the latest model Geospark and PointMetaBase on ScanNetv2 and S3DIS benchmarks, achieving state-of-the-art performance.
Study on The Mechanism of Cd Absorption in Roots of Suaeda Heteroptera
Authors: Zhang Tianqian , Wang Junli , Wang Yuting , Fan Xiaoru , Liu Yuan , He Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In this paper, Suaeda heteroptera Kitag., a dominant plant in the wetland of northern China, was studied. The hydroponic experiment was carried out, the content of Cd in the roots of S. heteroptera after adding ion channel inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors, and the subcellular distribution and chemical morphology of Cd in S. heteroptera were determined. The results showed that the absorption of heavy metal Cd by roots of S. heteroptera was closely related to calcium and potassium channels. Compared with potassium channels, the absorption of heavy metal Cd by roots of S. heteroptera mainly went through calcium ion channels, and the type of ion channels in which heavy metals enter plants was closely related to the kinds of heavy metals and plant species. A P-type ATPase is capable of transporting Cd in the S. heteroptera root system, and the absorption of heavy metal Cd by the S. heteroptera root is closely related to the P-type ATPase. That is, the S.heteroptera root has an active absorption effect on the absorption of heavy metal Cd. Under hydroponic conditions, the subcellular distribution of heavy metal Cd in the S. heteroptera root system was mainly composed of cell walls and soluble components. The chemical forms of heavy metal Cd in the S. heteroptera root system were mainly extracted by sodium chloride and acetic acid.
Theoretical Investigation of Physical Properties of Eu and Er co-doped AlGaN Alloy
Authors: Belhachi S. , Celestine L. , Laref Amel , Rai D. P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study examines the electronic, magnetic, and structural characteristics of wurtzite-structured Al0.25Ga0.75N doped with erbium and europium. Using a variation of the LSDA + U approach, the study takes the important interaction of the 4f shell into account. The results indicate that the co-doped AlGaN displays semiconductor behaviour, and compared to pure Al0.25Ga0.75N, the co-doped material exhibits an indirect band gap with a reduced band gap. The ferromagnetism observed in the co-doped material may be attributed to the mixing of f-p and p-d states, which produces f-p-d hybrid orbitals. The study also reveals the hybridisation of different orbitals in the valence band maximum (VBM), including p-d (Eu-5d, Er-5d, N-2p), and the magnetic moment of the material is strongly localised on the Eu 5.90 µB and Er 2.99 µB site. The real and imaginary components of the dielectric function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient are also calculated and given in the photon energy range up to 12 eV. In the ultraviolet areas of the optical spectrum, the imaginary part of Eu and Er co-doped Al0.25Ga0.75N exhibits a strong absorption coefficient.