bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Congestion Free Route via Priority Federated Learning with Multi head Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Devi M. Ramya , Jeya I. Jasmine Selvakumari , Lokesh S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Owing to a rise in the number of vehicles on route, traffic has been increased dramatically in recent years. It has been noted that driving certain vehicles manually has become a challenging task. The challenges faced during an accident are the congestion of vehicles which blocks the ambulances during emergencies. Currently, traffic congestion is posing a major challenge for the public transportation system. To overcome these issues, a Priority federated learning with Multi-head CNN (PFL-MHCN2) has been proposed. Smart sensors and cameras equipped with IoT capabilities were used to collect data for the proposed model. Using this technique, signals from one junction are transmitted to another junction and updated in the cloud. A congestion spot is identified based on the input characteristics that are contained in the cloud and sensor data that are received. Initially, pre-processing reduces noisy values and predicts missing values in the acquired data. After pre-processing, the data are transferred to the detection layer. The Detection layer detects congestion free route using Federated Multi-head CNN. The proposed model is evaluated based on parameters like accuracy, precision, specificity, F1 score, and Miss rate. The proposed PFL-MHCN2 model produces a 0.65% miss rate, which is less than existing methods. The proposed technique improves the accuracy of 1.45%, 1.66%, and 4.32% better than TCC-SVM, TC2S-DNN and MSR2C-ABPNN respectively.
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on inpatient health care in Switzerland – a retrospective study using admission data of all Swiss hospitals
Authors: Wirth Brigitte , Stucki Michael , Joerg Reto , Thommen Christoph , Höglinger Marc 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: As part of the Covid-19-restrictions in Switzerland, a federal ban on non-urgent examinations and treatments was applied to all hospitals during six weeks in spring 2020 (“spring lockdown”). The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on Swiss inpatient admissions based on data of all hospitals, focusing on selected procedures of different medical urgency.
Methods: The study includes all acute care inpatient cases (including Covid-19 cases, excluding cases in psychiatry and rehabilitation) according to the Swiss Medical Statistics of Hospitals. Besides the total number of admissions, subdivided by regions, hospital types and age groups, we focused on selected procedures representing different medical urgency: elective surgeries, cancer surgeries, and emergencies. Procedures were selected based on expert interviews. We compared the number of admissions during spring lockdown and for the whole years 2020 and 2021 in absolute numbers and in percentage changes to the corresponding periods in 2019 (baseline year).
Results: During spring lockdown, the number of admissions decreased by 47,156 (32.2%) without catch-up effect by the end of 2020 (-72,817 admissions/-5.8%). With procedure-specific decreases of up to 86%, the decline in admissions was largest for elective surgery, a decline that was only fully reversed in the case of a few procedures, such as joint arthroplasty. Strikingly, admissions due to emergencies also substantially decreased during spring lockdown (stroke -14%; acute myocardial infarction STEMI: -9%, NSTEMI: -26%). Results for the selected procedures in cancer surgery showed no consistent pattern. In 2021, admission numbers for most procedures reached or even exceeded those in 2019.
Conclusions: The substantial reduction in admissions, particularly in elective procedures, may reflect the impact of the triage in favor of anticipated Covid-19-cases during spring lockdown. By the end of 2020, admissions were still at lower levels relative to the previous, pre-pandemic year. The numbers in 2021 reached the same levels as those in 2019, which suggests that the Covid-19 pandemic only temporarily impacted inpatient health care in Switzerland. Long-term consequences of the observed reduction in admissions for emergencies and cancer surgery need to be investigated at the individual level.
Area-Specific COVID-19 Effects on Health Services Utilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo using Routine Health Information System Data
Authors: Angeles Gustavo , Silverstein Hannah , Worges Matt , Hotchkiss David R. , Wisniewski Janna M. , Lusamba Paul , Weiss William , Ahsan Karar Zunaid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
From March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has shocked health systems worldwide. This analysis investigated the effects of the pandemic on basic health services utilization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and examined the variability of COVID effects in the capital city Kinshasa, in other urban areas, and in rural areas.
Methods
We estimated time trends models using national health information system data to replicate pre-COVID-19 (i.e., January 2017–February 2020) trajectories of health service utilization, and then used those models to estimate what the levels would have been in the absence of COVID-19 during the pandemic period, starting in March 2020 through March 2021. We classified the difference between the observed and predicted levels as the effect of COVID-19 on health services. We estimated 95% confidence intervals and p-values to examine if the effect of the pandemic, nationally and within specific geographies, was statistically significant.
Results
Our results indicate that COVID-19 negatively impacted health services and subsequent recovery varied by service type and by geographical area. COVID-19 had a lasting impact on overall service utilization as well as on malaria and pneumonia-related visits among young children in the DRC. We also found that the effects of COVID-19 were even more immediate and stronger in the capital city of Kinshasa compared with the national effect. Both nationally and in Kinsahsa, most affected services had slow and incomplete recovery to expected levels. Therefore, our analysis indicates that COVID-19 continued to affect health services in the DRC throughout the first year of the pandemic.
Conclusions
The methodology used in this article allows for examining the variability in magnitude, timing, and duration of the COVID effects within geographical areas of the DRC and nationally. This analytical procedure based on national health information system data could be applied to surveil health service disruptions and better inform rapid responses from health service managers and policymakers.
Association of socioeconomic deprivation on gestational diabetes incidence and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Jeyaparam Srirangan , Agha-Jaffar Rochan , Robinson Stephen , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hypothesis: Socioeconomic disparities have been shown to correlate with perinatal mortality and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Few studies have explored the relationship between deprivation and the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM). We aimed to identify the relationship between deprivation and incidence of GDM, after adjusting for age, BMI, and ethnicity. We also examined for relationships between deprivation and perinatal outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 23490 pregnancies from a major hospital in Northwest London was conducted. The 2019 English Indices of Multiple Deprivation was used to identify the deprivation rank and decile for each postcode. Birthweight centile was calculated from absolute birthweight after adjusting for ethnicity, maternal height, maternal weight, parity, sex and outcome (live birth/stillbirth). Logistic regression and correlation analyses were used to identify relationships between variables.
Results: After controlling for age, BMI & ethnicity, there was no correlation between a woman’s IMD postcode decile and their odds of developing GDM. Each increase in decile of deprivation was associated with an increase in birthweight centile by 0.471 (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, age was associated with increased odds of developing GDM by 7.6% (OR: 1.076, p<0.001); BMI increased odds by 5.9% (OR: 1.059, p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between IMD rank and perinatal outcomes.
Conclusions: Genetic predispositions and poorer lifestyle choices are likely play a larger role in the development of GDM compared to socioeconomic deprivation alone. Socioeconomic deprivation is not associated with incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Worsening nutritional status in non-obese patients with inflammatory bowel disease is reflected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective study
Authors: Nagata Takahiro , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Morihara Daisuke , Shakado Satoshi , Yokoyama Keiji , Takata Kazuhide , Tanaka Takashi , Fukunaga Atsushi , Yamauchi Ryo , Fukuda Hiromi , Matsuoka Hiroki , Imakiire So , Sakisaka Hideto , Matsuoka Satoshi , Kuno Nobuaki , Abe Koichi , Ishibashi Hideki , Ashizuka Shinya , Hirai Fumihito 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aim
The frequency and details of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify characteristics of NAFLD in non-obese patients with IBD.
Methods
Patients with IBD who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) examination at our hospital between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively identified and enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint was the complication rate of NAFLD in patients with IBD. Secondary endpoints were the clinical characteristics of patients with IBD and comorbid NAFLD and their association with nutritional and inflammatory parameters.
Results
Twenty-one (21.9%) of 96 eligible patients with IBD also had NAFLD. In non-obese patients (defined as patients with a body mass index < 25 kg/m2), CRP (P < 0.0001) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0183) levels were higher and the albumin level (P = 0.0046) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI; P = 0.0022) values were lower in patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD. The PNI value was positively correlated (P = 0.0001) and the CRP level was negatively correlated (P = 0.0008) with the hepatosplenic ratio. However, the PNI (P < 0.05) and CRP level (P < 0.001) improved numerically over time after computed tomography in the group with NAFLD than in the group without NAFLD.
Conclusions
Worsening nutritional status may be an indicator of NAFLD in patients with IBD. Diagnosis of NAFLD on CT imaging might be useful in patients with IBD not only for early detection of NAFLD but also for assessment of the need for therapeutic intervention for IBD.
Do small for gestational age fetuses have placental pathologies?
Authors: Calis Pinar , Gundogdu Ayse , Turgut Ezgi , Seymen Cemile Merve , Saglam Atiye Seda , Karcaaltincaba Deniz , Kaplanoglu Gulnur Take 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Although small for gestational age (SGA) does not cause adverse perinatal outcomes, placental pathology for fetal growth restriction (FGR) and SGA fetuses is still unknown. Aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between placentas of early onset FGR, late onset FGR, SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies in manner of microvasculature and expression of anti-angiogenic PEDF factor and CD68.
Methods:Study included four groups (early onset FGR, late onset FGR, SGA and AGA). Placental samples were obtained just after labor in all groups. Degenerative criteria were investigated with Hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical evaluation with H score and m RNA levels of Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD 68) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) were performed for each group.
Results:The highest levels of degeneration were detected in early onset FGR group. In means of degeneration in SGA placentas were found to be worser than AGA placentas. Intensity of PEDF and CD 68 were significant in early FGR, Late FGR and SGA groups compared to AGA group (p<0.001). mRNA level results of PEDF and CD 68 were also parallel to immunostaining results.
Conclusion: Although SGA fetuses are thought as constitutional smallness, SGA placentas also demonstrated signs of degeneration similar to FGR placentas. These degenerative signs were not seen among AGA placentas.
Growing season temperature and precipitation affect nutrient resorption in herbaceous species through foliar stoichiometric control strategies
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Wang Youqi , Fu Wenhui , Yuan Zhiyou , Yu Qiang , Peng Changhui , Koerner Sally E. , Guo Liang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims: Nutrient resorption affects ecosystem nutrient cycling. Previous studies have described the independent responses of nutrient resorption to climatic factors, plant traits, and soil nutrient status. Little is known about the comprehensive effects of all above factors on nutrient resorption, especially based on observations in situ.
Methods: We conducted an eight-year field survey in a semi-arid grassland for exploring interannual variation in foliar nutrient resorption in two herbaceous functional groups (i.e., graminoids and forbs) and the factors driving this variation.
Results: Results showed nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiencies (NRE and PRE) in graminoids, not in forbs, varied significantly among years, indicating more flexible nutrient resorption strategies in graminoids. There was no significantly direct effect on nutrient resorption because of the insignificant changes of soil nutrients across the selected years. However, NRE was positively related to the N:P ratio in green leaves ([N:P]g) and PRE negatively related, supporting a foliar “stoichiometric control” strategy on nutrient resorption. Moreover, growing-season temperature and precipitation had positive and negative effects on nutrient resorption in graminoids, respectively, via the regulation of [N:P]g. Comparatively, precipitation affected forbs NRE positively and PRE negatively, again acting through regulating [N:P]g.
Conclusion: Our study showed growing season hydro-thermal factors control foliar nutrient resorption by foliar [N:P]g, emphasizing the role of both climatic variables and foliar “stoichiometric controls” on foliar nutrient resorption under low nutrient-variability conditions. Meanwhile, more positive responses of graminoids could help explain their current and future dominance in this grassland.
Association between Circadian Dissonance and MAFLD in employed adults: a longitudinal study in Southwestern China
Authors: Fu Yao , Yu Bin , Yang Bo , Feng Chuanteng , Pan Jia , Jia Peng , Zeng Honglian , Yang Shujuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Circadian system is an essential physiological regulator of mammals, and circadian dissonance may be associated with the risk of metabolic disorders. However, evidence regarding its role in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is scarce, particularly in employed adults.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of 1,309 employed adults in Southwestern China with a five-year follow-up from 2017 to 2021. MAFLD was assessed by the presence of hepatic steatosis using abdominal ultrasonography,overweight/obese status, diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysregulation, or elevation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Circadian dissonance was assessed by the sleep chronotype questionnaire. The logistic random effects model was applied to analyze the 5-year panel data to estimate the association between circadian dissonance and MAFLD, and the potential effect modification of demographics on such association.
Results: The MAFLD prevalence of participants was 38.7% at baseline and showed an increasing trend during follow-up (p for trends <0.001). We observed that severe circadian dissonance was positively associated with MAFLD (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.81). Participants who were minority had a higher risk of developing MAFLD (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.09, 7.33), and those who had an undergraduate education or above had a lower risk (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.90). Participants’ follow-up year (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.70, 1.94), higher level of AST (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02),and higher level of ALT (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.03) were positively associated with the risk of MAFLD.
Conclusions: Severe circadian dissonance may increase the odds of MAFLD in employed adults. Improving circadian rhythms could reduce the risk of MAFLD and increase life expectancy among employed adults.
Association of Genetic Variations in Lean Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Asian Populations
Authors: Lu Chia-Wen , Chou Tzu-Jung , Wu Tsan-Yu , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Yang Hung-Jen , Huang Kuo-Chin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposesLean adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome than lean controls. The clinical and genetic features of lean NAFLD in Asian populations remain unclear.MethodsThis was a case‒control study conducted in the HAVO Health Exam Clinic in 2020-2021 in Taiwan. Adults with a body mass index less than 24 kg/m2were enrolled. Fatty liver was defined by ultrasonography. The candidate gene approach was based on the library of the NHGRI-EBI website. Global Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip was used for single nucleotide polymorphisms selection. After removing duplication and nonsignificant variants, rs12483959 in the PNPLA3 gene and rs3761472 in the SAMM50 gene were chosen. Multiple logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used.ResultsA total of 1,652 lean controls and 602 lean NAFLD patients were enrolled. The average age was 43.8±11.5 years. Lean NAFLD subjects were older and more metabolic syndrome (case vs. control: 10.5% vs. 1.5%). The GG genotypes of PNPLA3 rs12483959 (OR: 3.06; 95% CI: 2.15-4.37) and SAMM50 rs3761472 (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.04-4.14) had a higher risk of fatty liver after adjusting for age, gender, BMI and metabolic syndrome, etc. The areas under the ROC curve for PNPLA3 rs738409 and SAMM50 rs3761472 in the detection of lean NAFLD were 0.859 (95%CI: 0.841, 0.877) and 0.860 (95%CI: 0.843, 0.877), respectively.Conclusion:The PNPLA3 rs738409 and SAMM50 rs3761472 gene polymorphisms are independently associated with a higher risk of fatty liver in lean individuals in Asian populations.
Prestoring Lithium into SnO2 Coated 3D Carbon Fiber Cloth Framework as Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Wei Tao , Zhou Yanyan , Sun Cheng , Liu Lesheng , Wang Sijia , Wang Mengting , Liu Ye , Chen Shanliang , Zhuang Quanchao , Tang Yongfu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) conductive frameworks have been studied extensively in lithium (Li) metal anodes for their good electronic conductivities and superior structural integrity. In this work, we demonstrated a carbon fiber cloth (CFC) framework coated with SnO2 nanoparticles through a hydrothermal process combined with a carbonization method, which served as a reliable host for pouring molten Li to produce a CFC@SnO2@Li composite anode with dendritic suppression and long-life cycling performances. XRD, TEM, HRTEM, XPS and different electrochemical characterizations were carried out. Compared with the routine bare Li||LiFePO4 cells, the CFC@SnO2@Li||LiFePO4 cells had a strong specific ability, excellent rate performance, and stability for a long time, which confirm its great potential as lithium metal anodes in practical battery applications.
Development of a risk prediction score for screening for HBV, HCV and HIV among migrants in France (STRADA study)
Authors: Duracinsky Martin , Yaya Issifou , Yombo-Kokule Lisa , Bessonneau Pascal , Thonon Frédérique , Rousset-Torrente Olivia , Roudot-Thoraval Françoise , Lert France , Zucman David , Chassany Olivier 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Migrants from high HIV, HBV or HCV endemicity regions, have a great burden of these infections and related diseases in the host countries. This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of the TROD Screen questionnaire for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among migrants arriving in France.
Methods: An observational and multicenter study was conducted between January 2017 and March 2020 among migrants in centers of the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII). A self-questionnaire on demographic characteristics, personal medical history and sexual behaviors was completed. Participants were tested for HIV, HBV and HCV with rapid tests. For each infection, the test performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curves, using area under the curve (AUC) as a measure of accuracy.
Results: Among 21133 regular migrants seen in OFII centers, 15343 (72.6%) were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 35.6 years (SD±11.1). The prevalence [95%CI] of HBV, HCV and HIV was 2.0% [1.8–2.2], 0.3% [0.2–0.4], and 0.3% [0.2–0.4] respectively. Based on the sensitivity–specificity curve analysis, the cutoffs point [95%CI] chosen for the risk score were: for HBV infection in men, 2.5 [95%CI: 2.5; 7.5]; for HBV infection in women, 6.5 [95%CI: 0.5; 6.5]; for HCV infection, 9.5 [95%CI: 9.5; 12.5]; and for HIV infection, 10.5 [95%CI: 10.0; 18.5]. Test performance was highest for HIV (AUC=82.15%, 95%CI 74.54%; 87.99%), followed by that for HBV in men (AUC=79.22%, 95%CI 76.18%; 82.26%), for HBV in women (AUC=78.83, 95%CI 74.54%; 82.10%) and that for HCV (AUC=75.95%, 95%CI 68.58%; 83.32%).
Conclusion: The TROD screen questionnaire showed good overall performance for predicting HIV, HBV and HCV infections among migrants in OFII centers. It could be used to optimize screening for these infections and to propose rapid screening test to those who are at high risk
Quantitative Human Health Risk Assessment of Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) from Petrochemical Industries
Authors: Omar Mohamed Y. , Faramawy Usama A. , El-Nadry Maram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13) is about climate action and is one of 17 SDGs established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015. The official mission statement of this goal is to "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts and focusing on tackling climate change. According to the most recent report on Sustainable Development Goal 13, rising greenhouse gas concentrations, more frequent and extreme weather events, and rising sea levels have caused global temperatures to rise by 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. To reduce emissions and prepare for climate change, immediate action is necessary. Comprehensive risk assessment and management require complete information. However, it is not always possible to gather information using a probabilistic or quantitative risk assessment (QRA). This study concentrated on the quantitative assessment of the risks that might result from a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) release accidentally as a result of various activities during production and handling operations in petrochemical industries. ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) is employed to calculate the rate of release and total amount of Vinyl Chloride Monomer released from various potential leaking expected sources through a 1.0-inch orifice from a polymerization reactor in the PVC production and its effect on human health.