bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer precipitation and wildfire changes in Siberia induced by stratospheric ozone
Authors: Xie Fei , Xia Yan , Tian Wenshou , Chipperfield Martyn , Niu Yinli , Liu Na , Feng Wuhu , Han Yuanyuan , Gui Ke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Summer precipitation variations substantially impact food production and wildfire frequency in Siberia, exhibiting trends of decrease, increase, and subsequent decrease in recent decades. Nonetheless, the external factors contributing to these long-term precipitation patterns remain unclear. Our findings reveal a strong connection between stratospheric ozone changes and summer precipitation in Siberia, as evident in both observations and simulations. An increase in the lowermost stratospheric ozone results in the heating of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) in mid-high latitudes during summer. This warming effect prompts divergence in the upper troposphere, accelerating polar circulation and subsequently promoting convergence and upwelling in the lower troposphere, favoring more precipitation. The 20% rise in stratospheric ozone between 1990 and 2010 may account for approximately 50% of the increase in precipitation in Siberia, while the post-2010 decline in ozone could be responsible for the heightened incidence of wildfires in recent years due to inhibit precipitation.
Study on the initiation mechanism and motion characteristics of the Daguangbao landslide and the slope stability evaluation method
Authors: Jing Pengxu , Zhang Xiangyu , Gong Wenjun , Ma Liqiu , Xu Yifan , Yang Haitao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Daguangbao landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, and has become a research focus due to its large scale, unique genesis, and complex kinematic processes. In this paper, the original topographic conditions and actual earthquake levels are restored, and the initiation mechanism and motion characteristics of the Daguangbao landslide under seismic action is investigated firstly by the numerical simulation with the help of FLAC 3D. Then, the evaluation method of slope stability is established base on the comprehensive weight and tension methods. The specific conclusions are as follows: (1) The foot of the slope is formed by the rapid downward erosion of Huangdongzi Valley, where stress is relatively concentrated. Under the earthquake's action, displacement occurs first, and the rock mass is broken. (2) Under continuous seismic wave action, the slope gradually displaces from the bottom to the top and concentrates in the middle of the slope, resulting in vibration and fragmentation. (3) The rock layer between the broken rock mass and the downstream rock mass constantly relaxes, and friction resistance decreases, forming the main sliding surface. (4) The tension-shear action caused by the earthquake breaks the connection between the sliding body and the upstream, and the broken rock mass slides down the main sliding surface at high speed, retracting and accumulating under the mountain barrier, forming the debris flow accumulation area. (5) The isolated peaks of the Daguangbao were thrown out horizontally and landed in the debris accumulation area under the earthquake's action, exhibiting the phenomenon of "flying peaks". (6) The proposed evaluation method of slope stability has high accuracy and good prospects for engineering application. The research achievements of this paper can offer reference and guidance for research on landslides under the influence of earthquakes.
Sensing performance of lead monoxide (PbO) doped tin oxide thick film gas sensor
Authors: Vishwakarma Ankit Kumar , Sharma Ajaya Kumar , Mishra Ashok Kumar , Srivast Subodh , Sharma Nutan , Yadava Lallan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gas sensors based on metal oxide nanostructures are in demand for the safety of human health and protection from environmental pollution. This type of sensors is more attractive in modern life for electronic devices because of low cast, more efficient, high reliability, fast response, more selective, and simplicity. In this paper we report undoped and PbO doped SnO2 thick film to study its microstructural and sensing behaviours. Three samples have been fabricated using screen printing technique on an alumina substrate and this is SnO2 (S1) and 1wt% PbO doped SnO2 (S2 and S3) at 800 0C and 900 0C. XRD and AFM techniques are used to observe the structural behaviours and it is found that the crystallite size decreases with PbO doping. The sensing properties such as sensing response, selectivity and transient time of the deposited thick films were studied at 200°C for various test gases such as ethanol, LPG and acetone concentrations (0–5000 ppm level). We also found that the response of sensor S3 to the test gas ethanol is ~ 3.38 times of LPG and ~ 1.95 times that of acetone. The response and recovery times of the ethanol gas for S3 sensor are 41s and 125s, respectively. Therefore, the deposited sensor S3 is a more suitable sensor for the test gas ethanol than LPG and acetone at 200 0C.
Protein cargo of Nef-containing exosomal extracellular vesicles may predict HIV-associated Neurocognitive Impairment status
Authors: Caobi Allen , Werne Rachel , Gomez Mario , Andre Mickensone , Lima-Hernandez Francisco , Nair Madhavan , Raymond Andrea Denise , Thomas Charo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Exosomal extracellular vesicles (xEVs) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aviremic people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) contain the HIV Negative factor (Nef) protein. However, the role of xEVs and Nef-containing-xEVs(xEV-Nef) in HIV neuropathology is unknown. To determine whether the content of matched xEVs derived plasma or CSF correlated with the neurocognitive impairment (NCI) status of PLWHAs diagnosed with either asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), or HIV-associated dementia (HAD) a cross-sectional study was performed. The size and protein content of the xEVs characterized via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and LC-MS/MS, respectively. xEV size was not significantly different between ANI, MND, or HAD groups. CSF of PLWHAs with NCI contained significantly more xEVs than matched plasma. xEV-Nef CSF concentration was elevated in PLWHAs with NCI and correlated with CD4 T-cell count. Plasma-derived xEV protein profiles from PLWHAs with ANI or MND differed from PLWHAs without NCI. Over-representation analysis using Reactome and KEGG databases show proteins involved in pathways associated with heme scavenging, signaling(MAP kinase and integrin-alpha), Toll-like receptor regulation, clot formation, complement, and cytosolic calcium level were elevated in MND. Pathways upregulated within the ANI group involved high-density lipid (HDL) remodeling, post-translational protein phosphorylation, and platelet activation. Overall, the data shows that xEV protein profiles of ANI and MND differ, suggesting protein profiles of peripheral xEVs, xEV-Nef, and CD4 T-cell count may discern NCI status.
APC and ZBTB2 may mediate M2 macrophage infiltration to promote the development of renal fibrosis: Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Song Jianling , Ke Ben , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and PurposeM2 macrophages are closely associated with renal fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the infiltration of M2 macrophages in uremic patients and to seek new strategies to slow down the progression of renal fibrosis.MethodsExpression data were queried in the GEO database for uremic samples. Control and uremic DEGs were identified. Immune cell infiltration was investigated by CIBERSORT and modules associated with M2 macrophage infiltration were identified by WGCNA. Consistent genes were identified using the LASSO and SVM-RFE methods to search for overlapping genes. ROC curves were examined for the diagnostic value of candidate genes. PT-PCR examined the expression levels of candidate genes obtained from uremic patients in M2 macrophage.Results1298 DEGs were found in the GSE37171 dataset. Significant enrichment of DEGs was observed in 20 BP, 19 CC, 6 MF and 70 KEGG pathways. CIBERSORT analysis observed a significant increase in B cell memory, dendritic cell activation, M0, M1, M2 and plasma cell numbers in uremic samples. We identified the 10 most interrelated genes. In particular, APC and ZBTB2 were adversely associated with the infiltration of M2 macrophages. Importantly, the expression levels of APC and ZBTB2 were far lower in M2 macrophages from uremic patients than in healthy individuals.ConclusionAPC and ZBTB2 may mediate M2 macrophage infiltration to promote the development of renal fibrosis.
WITHDRAWN: Paraneoplastic Prothrombotic State Causing Recurrent Ischemic Stroke ; a case report
Authors: Rivest Charles Eric , Rioux Bastien , Lanthier Sylvain , Gioia Laura C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This case report is a good example of when to suspect a paraneoplastic prothrombotic state (PPS) as a cause of ischemic stroke (IS). Many clinical, laboratory and imaging features linked to PPS are well illustrated in this patient.
Case presentation
A 78 years old patient, known for a single 2x1,5cm middle lobe lung nodule who was on apixaban 5mg BID for documented pulmonary embolisms in his latest hospitalization, was admitted to the stroke unit for left-sided hemianopia and hemineglect. Brain MRI showed multifocal acute and subacute infarcts involving the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries and the right cerebellum. The standard stroke work-up were unremarkable beside a mild normocytic anemia (122 g/L) and a high d-dimers level. The patient returned to the hospital, eleven days after discharge for new left MCA infarcts confirmed by head CT. At this point, D-dimers were still very high (>4,400 ng/ml), C-reactive protein was slightly increased (14 mg/L) and there was still a mild inflammatory anemia. Cancer work-up was started and confirmed a stage III lung adenocarcinoma.
Conclusion
In this stroke patient, an etiological diagnosis of PPS was supported by the presence of a lung nodule, negative standard neurovascular workup, stroke recurrence (despite anticoagulation), infarcts in multiple vascular territories, and markers of systemic inflammation (anemia, high CRP) and active fibrinolysis (high d-dimers). This etiology should be considered in IS patients presenting with those PPS markers.
TIMEWISE: Temporal Urban Dynamics for Urban Resilience - Lessons from the Global North and South
Authors: Krishnan Supriya , Aydin Nazli , Comes Tina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accelerating climate change and climate-related emergencies require cities to improve resilience across multiple short- and long-lived systems. Urban systems have individual change dynamics that are highly interconnected. However, the aftermath of disruptions is often characterised by myopic decision-making that disregards the long-term implications across systems. In this study, we develop the theoretical foundation for temporal dynamics for urban resilience. (1) We briefly characterise and conceptualise the interplay of major temporal dynamics in urban planning, including endogenous lifecycles and exogenous drivers. (2) We empirically examine temporal dynamics through climate urbanism in regions representing the Global North (GN-Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and Global South (GS-Mumbai, India). Our findings reinforce the need to embed short-term planning goals within long-term resilience visions. To address the lack of systematic planning approaches incorporating temporalities, we present options for temporal planning processes that harmonise the lifecycles of urban systems, adapt to disruptions and align planning horizons toward resilience. We discuss the potential applications of both options in the Global North and South.
Transition for people with dementia from day respite services to permanent residential care: a realist synthesis
Authors: Meyer Claudia , Golenko Xanthe , Sinclair Ron , Lowthian Judy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Respite and permanent transition to residential aged care are processes that are designed to support preferences and needs of people living with dementia and their carers as the disease progresses. These services are highly variable in acceptability, accessibility, and availability for the caregiving dyad, often not reflecting a person-centred, co-ordinated and cohesive approach. This study aimed to use a two-phase realist synthesis to explore how respite and permanent transition models of care work in different contexts, through different mechanisms to produce varying outcomes. Phase 1 explored preliminary theories and assumptions of the respite care journey, including (a) identification of systematic reviews and innovative programs, and (b) semi-structured interviews sessions with key stakeholders. Phase 2 involved an iterative scoping review to identify and map the available evidence, with a synthesis designed to unpack underlying program theories of why, for whom and in what circumstances respite/transition models of care works. Phase 1(a) identified ten citations from 126 systematic review abstracts. Fourteen residential care managers participated in a contextual scan – Phase 1(b). Phase 2 expanded this knowledge, identifying a further 13 studies. Three program theories, at the macro, meso and micro level, were elucidated: (1) system-level evidence-based integration, through collaboration and co-ordination; (2) inclusive, quality care, with supportive environmental design; and (3) trust, autonomy, and meaning-making. A novel realist synthesis approach was used to explore respite and permanent transition models of care beyond ‘what works’. This approach expands our understanding beyond intervention ‘x’ working for (or not) population ‘y’, but rather that models of care operate in different contexts with different mechanisms to produce different outcomes. Importantly, findings at the macro, meso and micro level context, suggest nuance, with a shared decision-making approach, is needed to optimise the ever-changing dementia care journey.
Comparative analysis of the transcriptome and efficacy of bioactive Centella asiatica exosomes on skin cells
Authors: Kim Min-Ha , Yoon Eun Jeong , Kim Jung Soo , Park Si Jun , Lee Hyunsang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Studies on plant-derived natural products that have no side-effects have attracted great attention from the cosmetics industry. Plant-derived exosomes are nanovesicles (30–150 nm in size) that contain biomolecules, which protect plants from stress and pathogens. In this study, we determined the availability of physiologically active Centella asiatica (Cica) extract and Cica exosome for cosmetic use with human keratinocytes using an in vitro efficacy assay, transcriptome analysis, and miRNA profiling. In vitro efficacy analysis revealed that Cica extract and Cica exosome have regenerative and wrinkle-improving effects. Comparative transcriptome analysis between Cica exosome- and Cica extract-treated-human keratinocytes revealed 46% more gene expression in Cica exosome-treated cells than Cica extract-treated cells; moreover, the expression of marker genes involved in skin aging and regeneration was upregulated. miRNA analysis of Cica exosomes identified 11 novel miRNAs. Prediction of miRNA targets revealed that Cica exosomal miRNA can inhibit genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and dermatitis. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that the predicted human target genes were downregulated by Cica exosome miRNA compared with the control. Thus, Cica exosomes and Cica extracts can have a positive effect on skin regeneration, wrinkle improvement, and skin barrier improvement. Cica exosomal miRNA has potential whitening and anti-dermatitis effects.
Automated Classification of Big X-ray Diffraction Data Using Deep Learning Models
Authors: Abdolrahim Niaz , Salgado Jerardo , Lerman Samuel , Du Zhaotong , Xu Chenliang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Current in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques generate data over human analytical capabilities – leading to the loss of novel insights. Automated techniques require human intervention, and lack the performance and adaptability needed for material exploration. With the critical need for high-throughput automated XRD pattern analysis of novel materials, we developed a generalized deep learning model to classify a diverse set of materials’ crystal systems and space groups. In our approach, we generated training data with a holistic representation of patterns that emerge from varying experimental conditions and crystal properties. We then used an expedited learning technique to refine our model’s expertise to experimental conditions. Additionally, we used evaluation data to interpret our model’s decision-making and optimized model architecture to elicit classification based on Bragg’s Law. We evaluated our models on experimental data, novel materials, and altered cubic crystals, where we observed state-of-the-art performance and even greater advances in space group classification.
Transcriptional Landscape and Heterogeneity of Adenine-induced vs 5/6 Nephrectomized Renal Fibrosis Rats
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dai Rong , Wang Dong , Cheng Meng , Sang Tian , Peng Chuyi , Jin Hua , Wang Yiping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The end point of renal injury induced by 5/6 nephrectomy and adenine is renal fibrosis, but the path of renal fibrosis is different. It is important to clarify the different paths of two types of renal injury from the single-cell level for the precise prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis.Methods The 10x Genomics platform was used for single-cell sequencing, including cell quality control, dimension reduction, and cluster analysis, GO, KEGG, and GSVA analysis of gene expression differences among cell clusters. Pseudotime analysis, regulatory analysis, and cell–cell interaction network analysis were used to analyze the differentiation of cell clusters, regulation of promoters, and differences in intercellular communication.Results Our study generated a single-cell transcriptional landscape and phenotypic heterogeneity of adenine-induced and 5/6 nephrectomized renal fibrosis. We also found the main differentially expressed genes of the cell subsets and the differences in intercellular communication between the two fibrosis models, which provided a new idea for accurate research and treatment of renal fibrosis in the future.Conclusion Our study has identifed differences in the major differentially expressed genes and intercellular communication between cell subpopulations in two models of adenine-induced and 5/6 nephrectomized renal fibrosis, they could become new targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis..
Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Property of a New Cobalt (II) Complex Based on Pyridyl-substituted Imino Nitroxide Radical
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Zhang Hongwu , Liu Daofu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A new cobalt(II)–radical complex: [Co(im4-py)2(PNB)2] (im4-py = 2-(4'-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl, PNB = p-nitrobenzoic acid anion) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR and magnetic properties. X-ray analysis reveals that the complex crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 34.001(4), b = 6.3444(7), c = 24.615(3) Å, α = 90, β = 133.676(2), γ = 90°, V = 3840.4(8) Å3, Z = 8, Mr = 413.86, Dc = 1.432 g/cm3, μ = 0.516 mm-1, F(000) = 1724, the final GOF = 1.060, R = 0.0641 and wR = 0.1514 for 2660 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the complex is four coordinated with tetrahedron geometry, where the Co(II) ion is located in the central site of the tetrahedron, two radicals and two PNB ligands are trans-coordinated to the Co(II) ion. The magnetic susceptibility study indicates the complex exhibits weak ferromagnetic interactions between cobalt(II) and im4-py radical. The magnetic property is explained by the structure and a magnetic exchange mechanism.
The Thanks Classification, A New Method For Observing Paediatric Flexible Flatfoot
Authors: Zhu Junlang , Xie Jiewei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Flatfoot shows the collapse or flattening of the medial longitudinal arch. 90% of emergency visits for foot pain in children are attributed to flatfoot. The diagnosis and classification of flexible flat feet in children is currently usually based on imaging or clinical measurements. Most of the existing classification methods of flexible flat feet in children are limited to single plane classification, without considering the influence of rotation and vision deformity. The aim of this research was to to summarize the classification of paediatric flexible flat foot and provide ideas for the treatment strategy of flat feet in children.
Method： foot appearance photos and footscan insole system test data of 126 children with flexible flat feet (252 feet) from May 2022 to October 2022 were collected. foot-scan insole system test were used to detect flatfoot and posterior foot heel valgus angle. Based on foot appearance photographs and foot-scan insole system tests. According to whether the foot arch is flat, whether the forefoot with abduction, whether the posterior foot is eversion, and other factors, the “Thanks” the classification of children's flat foot is described. Type A: footscan insole system test results showed flat foot, posterior foot heel valgus angle less than 5°, and without abduction of the forefoot; Type B: footscan insole system test results showed flat foot, combined with abduction of the forefoot, posterior foot heel valgus angle less than 5°; Type C: footscan insole system tests results showed flat foot, posterior foot heel valgus angle more than 5°, and without abduction of forefoot; Type D: footscan insole system tests results showed flat foot, posterior foot heel valgus angle than 5°, and combine with abduction of forefoot. Three experienced foot and ankle surgeons and three rehabilitation doctors independently observed the appearance photos and footscan insole systemtests data of 126 patients with flexible flat feet, determined the flat foot type according to the “Thanks” classification, and randomly reclassified after 4 weeks interval. Finally, 45 cases were randomly selected for internal validation (2 junior orthopedic surgeons), and the intraclass correlation efficient value was used to assess the reliability.
Result:The paediatric flexible flat feet were divided into 4 types according to the “Thanks” classification. The intraobserver and interobserver consistency of the Thanks classification was good (ICC 0.895 for foot and ankle surgeons, 0.918 for rehabilitation physicians; The first ICC of foot and ankle surgeons and rehabilitation doctors was 0.903, and the second ICC was 0.856. ICC of internal inspection is 0.873).
Conclsion:The “Thanks” the classification of paediatric flexible flat foot is easily learned and accepted by both surgical and non-surgical physicians. It has a good significance for evaluating the functionality of the paediatric flexible flat foot and guiding the selection of the treatment.