bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regime shift increase in East Asia's summer extreme hot day frequency across the late 1990s
Authors: Lee Yong‐Han , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Hong Jin‐Sil , Shin Jongsoo , An Soon‐Il 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHere we analysed the long‐term change in extreme hot days (EHDs) in East Asia during boreal summer (June–July–August) since 1979, where EHDs was defined as days exceeding or equalling the 90th percentile threshold of the climatological (1991–2020) daily and . EHDs frequency occurrence in East Asia during summer showed not only an increasing trend but also a distinct regime shift increase since the late 1990s. Based on this regime shift, we divided these years into two periods, P1 (1979–1998) and P2 (1999–2021), and found that different physical processes operated for each period's EHDs variability. P2's EHDs was related to the stationary wave originating from both the North Atlantic Ocean and the Indo‐Pacific warm pool, but these influences did not appear in P1. To investigate whether the observed regime shift increase was caused by natural variability or greenhouse gas concentration increases, we conducted a CO2 quadrupling experiment as well as a present‐day experiment with a fixed CO2 concentration using the Community Earth System Model with 28 ensemble members. We demonstrated that the regime shift increase of East Asian EHDs occurrences was due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. We further discussed the influence of Arctic sea ice reduction due to global warming on EHDs occurrences in East Asia.
Spatio‐temporal changes in the mean and extreme temperature indices for Serbia
Authors: Tošić Ivana , Tošić Milica , Lazić Irida , Aleksandrov Neda , Putniković Suzana , Djurdjević Vladimir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of changes in mean and extreme temperature indices for Serbia using a high‐resolution daily gridded temperature data set during the period of 1951–2020. The annual and seasonal trends of the indices in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and the Sen's slope estimator. The t‐test was applied to check the stability of means of temperature indices between two standard periods (1961–1990 and 1991–2020). A correlation analysis was used in order to investigate the connections of the large‐scale circulation patterns and the mean and extreme temperature indices. Results showed that a warming trend dominated for the last 70 years, with slightly more intense changes for the mean maximum temperatures (TXM) than for the mean minimum temperatures (TNM). An increase was recorded for indices based on the maximum temperature (TXM, hottest days, warm days, summer days) and minimum temperature (TNM, coldest nights, warm nights, tropical nights). The highest increase was observed for warm nights (7 days⋅decade−1) during the summer season. The negative change in cool days (−1.5 days⋅decade−1) and cool nights (−2 days⋅decade−1) was recorded in almost all seasons, being significant for the both annual and summer values. The correlation between the temperature indices and large‐scale circulation patterns revealed that the East Atlantic (EA) pattern had a highly positive correlation with warm temperature indices (hottest days, warm days, warm nights, summer days, and tropical nights) and a negative correlation with cold indices (coldest nights, cool days, cool nights, frost days, and ice days). The North Atlantic Oscillation, the most important teleconnection pattern during the winter months in Europe, had weaker influence on temperature indices in Serbia than the EA pattern, but stronger than the EA/Western Russia pattern.
Spatiotemporal variation of daily precipitation concentration and its potential relationship with climatic factors and land use types in the Haihe River basin, China
Authors: Ma Mengyang , Wang Qingming , Zhao Yong , Liu Rong , Li Enchong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecipitation concentration is a key climatic factor in the hydrologic system. The purpose of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal variation in precipitation concentration and its possible relationship with large‐scale atmospheric circulation and land use types. Based on daily precipitation recorded at 254 stations during 1961–2019 throughout the Haihe River basin (HRB), linear slope and Manner–Kendall trend analysis were used to analyse the spatial variations and trends of the annual daily precipitation concentration index (CI). The Pearson correlation coefficient and cross wavelet analysis were used to evaluate potential correlations between CI and eight climatic factors. Meteorological stations were classified into three land use types: urban type (UT), farmland type (FT), and natural type (NT) using hierarchical clustering, and the impacts of land use types on CI variations and trends were investigated. Annual CI in HRB showed a significant downward trend with a linear rate of −0.0058/decade, and about 210 of the 254 stations had a downtrend, in which 42 stations were at the significance level of 0.05 but did not reach the significance level of 0.01, and 52 stations are at the 0.01 significance level. The East Asian monsoon index (EASMI), South Asian monsoon index (SASMI), South China Sea monsoon index (SCSMI), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were positively correlated with CI, whereas the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Multivariate ENSO index (MEI), and Western Pacific index (WP) were negatively correlated. The Sunspot index (SS) had a significant resonance period of 9–14‐year with CI. EASMI and ENSO events were the dominant factors driving CI trends. The negative CI trends of UT were more significant than those of FT and NT, with linear slope gaps of −0.0041/decade (UT versus FT) and −0.0064/decade (UT vs. NT), respectively.
Climatological diagnostics and subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictions of Madden–Julian Oscillation events
Authors: Wu Jie , Ren Hong‐Li , Jia Xiaolong , Zhang Peiqun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability, which serves as a primary source of subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) predictability. Noticeably, MJO is not always a regularly recurring cycle but is characterized by discrete episodes. In this study, considering the quasi‐consecutive actives and eastward propagating features, a standard metric is proposed to identify MJO events based on the real‐time multivariate MJO (RMM) index. The re‐identification of historical MJO events reveals that there were 5.4 MJO events each year since 1981, and the average duration of each event is about 31.5 days. More MJO events tend to occur in the boreal winter and spring, with stronger intensity, longer duration and faster propagating speed than those in the boreal summer. Furthermore, MJO events are more likely to initiate in Phases 2 and 5, with a longer lifetime than those initiating in other phases. The amplitude and propagation characteristics of MJO events are strongly modulated by the dominant modes of sea surface temperature interannual variability with a strong regional dependence. Based on hindcast datasets of six S2S models, the prediction skill for the MJO is evaluated in the perspective of individual events. The longest leading time of the skilful prediction for individual MJO events ranges from 11 to 17 days, far below the traditional recognition. This result could be attributed to the apparent prediction barrier of MJO initiation, that is, a rapid decrease in prediction skill when predictions are carried out before the initiation of MJO events. In addition, the prediction skills of MJO events depends on interannual variabilities, with relatively higher skills under the conditions of the El Niño and Indian Ocean basin warming. These findings may shed light on the complexity and challenges of profoundly understanding and skilfully predicting MJO events.
Performance evaluation of Standardized Copula‐based Drought Index with Reconnaissance Drought Index and Standardized Precipitation Temperature Index using severity–duration frequency curves over Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Hamd , Akbar Muhammad , Khan Firdos , Amjad Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrought and aridity are good measures to study climate change that are measured using several indices. In this study, the performance of Standardized Copula‐based Drought Index (SCDI) is compared with Standardized Precipitation Temperature Index (SPTI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) for measuring drought in Balochistan province of Pakistan. These standardized drought indices combine the outcomes of De‐Martone Aridity Index (DAI) and UNEP Aridity Index (UAI). SCDI is calculated using probability distributions and copula models that combine the outcomes of UAI and DAI utilizing data of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PE), and temperature. Climate data from nine including arid and humid metrological stations are used to study drought conditions in Balochistan province. SCDI outcomes are graphically and numerically compared with SPTI and RDI. Selected drought indices are compared based on frequency of drought and wet events occurred in moderate, severe, and extreme drought categories, which indicate that SCDI has maximum number of events in these categories. It gives better results due to the utilization of more climate data as compared to RDI and SPTI. Severity–duration frequency curves are used to find future projections which shows that drought severity and drought duration have increasing trend with the passage of time. The indices have more differences in results of arid stations. The results indicate that there are no significant chances of drought at lower time scales, but the chances increase with the increase in time scale. The SCDI may also be more useful for agricultural and hydrological droughts due to temperature and PE variables. This study's results will be helpful for climate planning in Balochistan province.
Expression of trefoil factor 2 and 3 and adrenomedullin in chronic periodontitis subjects with coronary heart disease
Authors: Mahendra Jaideep , Srinivasan Sruthi , Kanakamedala Anilkumar , D Nalini , Namasivayam Ambalavanan , Mahendra Little , Muralidharan Janani , Cherian Sanjay M , Ilango Paavai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aims to determine the expression of trefoil factor 2 (TFF2), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and adrenomedullin (ADM) in salivary samples of periodontitis patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 75 patients were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into three groups of 25 patients each: generalized periodontitis (GP) only; GP+CHD; and CHD only. Demographic, periodontal, and cardiac parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analyzed for the expression of TFF2, TFF3, and ADM.ResultsAmong the demographic variables, the means for age, weight, and body mass index were significantly different between the groups on statistical analysis. Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and the expression of TFF2 were highest in the GP+CHD group, and ADM was highest in the CHD group, with P values of < 0.01 as compared to the other groups. TFF2, TFF3, and ADM were also correlated with the demographic and periodontal parameters.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates significantly elevated levels of TFF2 in CHD and GP patients, and a higher expression of ADM in CHD patients only, suggesting the possibility of an underlying inflammatory mechanism.
Characterization of quail egg powders obtained by liquid egg drying and foam‐mat drying
Authors: Moreira Camila Alves , Zotarelli Marta Fernanda , de Lima Marieli 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuail eggs have nutritional, therapeutic, and functional potential but are still not widely consumed globally. Their availability in powder form can contribute to expanding their consumption worldwide. However, drying can significantly affect their properties. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study comparing the effect of drying methods on the rehydration capacity and functional properties of whole quail egg powder. In this context, this work aimed to obtain powdered quail eggs by convective oven drying and freeze drying of eggs in liquid and foam form, to evaluate the effect of each drying method on their physical, rehydration, and functional characteristics.ResultsThe powder obtained by freeze‐drying eggs in the liquid form (L‐FD) showed the most desirable foaming capabilities; however, it produced less stable emulsions. The powder obtained by convective oven drying of eggs in liquid form (L‐CONV) had the worst rehydration and foaming capabilities but produced firmer gels and had good emulsifying capacity. Finally, the powders obtained by foam‐mat drying yielded very stable foams and emulsions.ConclusionThe methods for quail egg powder production that were evaluated performed well. The results point to the strong potential of quail egg powder as an ingredient. Liquid freeze‐dried (L‐FD) eggs stood out for their rehydration capacity. Each powder had different functional properties, so the choice of the best method depends on the intended application of the powder as specific characteristics and functional properties are suitable for preparing each food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modic type 2 changes are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement adjacent to degenerated vertebral endplates
Authors: Heggli Irina , Laux Christoph J. , Mengis Tamara , Karol Agnieszka , Cornaz Frédéric , Herger Nick , Aradi‐Vegh Borbala , Widmer Jonas , Burkhard Marco D. , Farshad‐Amacker Nadja A. , Pfammatter Sibylle , Wolski Witold E. , Brunner Florian , Distler Oliver , Farshad Mazda , Dudli Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundVertebral endplate signal intensity changes visualized by magnetic resonance imaging termed Modic changes (MC) are highly prevalent in low back pain patients. Interconvertibility between the three MC subtypes (MC1, MC2, MC3) suggests different pathological stages. Histologically, granulation tissue, fibrosis, and bone marrow edema are signs of inflammation in MC1 and MC2. However, different inflammatory infiltrates and amount of fatty marrow suggest distinct inflammatory processes in MC2.AimsThe aims of this study were to investigate (i) the degree of bony (BEP) and cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration in MC2, (ii) to identify inflammatory MC2 pathomechanisms, and (iii) to show that these marrow changes correlate with severity of endplate degeneration.MethodsPairs of axial biopsies (n = 58) spanning the entire vertebral body including both CEPs were collected from human cadaveric vertebrae with MC2. From one biopsy, the bone marrow directly adjacent to the CEP was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between MC2 and control were identified and bioinformatic enrichment analysis was performed. The other biopsy was processed for paraffin histology and BEP/CEP degenerations were scored. Endplate scores were correlated with DEPs.ResultsEndplates from MC2 were significantly more degenerated. Proteomic analysis revealed an activated complement system, increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors in MC2 marrow. Endplate scores correlated with upregulated complement and neurogenic proteins.DiscussionThe inflammatory pathomechanisms in MC2 comprises activation of the complement system. Concurrent inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis indicate that MC2 is a chronic inflammation. Correlation of endplate damage with complement and neurogenic proteins suggest that complement system activation and neoinnervation may be linked to endplate damage. The endplate‐near marrow is the pathomechanistic site, because MC2 occur at locations with more endplate degeneration.ConclusionMC2 are fibroinflammatory changes with complement system involvement which occur adjacent to damaged endplates.
The Application of Ultrasound Image‐Based Radiomics in the Diagnosis of Mild Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Lyu Shuyi , Zhang Yan , Zhang Meiwu , Zhu Jiazhen , Yu Jianjun , Zhang Baisong , Gao Libo , Wei Huilin 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesThe ultrasound diagnosis of mild carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is challenging. Radiomics can identify image information that the human eye cannot recognize. The purpose of our study was to explore the value of ultrasound image‐based radiomics in the diagnosis of mild CTS.MethodsThis retrospective study included 126 wrists in the CTS group and 88 wrists in the control group. The radiomics features were extracted from the cross‐sectional ultrasound images at the entrance of median nerve carpal tunnel, and the modeling was based on robust features. Two radiologists with different experiences diagnosed CTS according to two guidelines. The area under receiver (AUC) operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the two radiologists and the radiomics model.ResultsAccording to guideline one, the AUC values of the two radiologists for CTS were 0.72 and 0.67, respectively; according to guideline two, the AUC were 0.73 and 0.68, respectively. The radiomics model achieved the best accuracy when 16 important robust features were selected. The AUC values of training set and test set were 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.ConclusionsThe radiomics label based on ultrasound images had excellent diagnostic efficacy for mild CTS. It is expected to help radiologists to identify early CTS patients as soon as possible, especially for inexperienced doctors.
New Hydrogels Based on Agarose/Phytagel and Peptides
Authors: Nita Loredana Elena , Croitoriu Alexandra , Serban Alexandru M. , Bercea Maria , Rusu Alina G. , Ghilan Alina , Butnaru Maria , Mititelu‐Tartau Liliana , Chiriac Aurica P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShort aromatic peptide derivatives, i.e., peptides or amino acids modified with aromatic groups, such as 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), can self‐assemble into extracellular matrix‐like hydrogels due to their nanofibrillar architecture. Among different types of amino acids, lysine (Lys) and glycine (Gly) are involved in multiple physiological processes, being key factors in the proper growth of cells, carnitine production, and collagen formation. The authors have previously successfully presented the possibility of obtaining supramolecular gels based on Fmoc‐Lys‐Fmoc and short peptides such as Fmoc‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly in order to use them as a substrate for cell cultures. This paper investigates how the introduction of a gelling polymer can influence the properties of the network as well as the compatibility of the resulting materials with different cell types. A series of hydrogel compositions consisting of combinations of Fmoc‐Lys‐Fmoc and Fmoc‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly with Agarose and Phytagel are thus obtained. All compositions form structured gels as shown by rheological studies and scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis evidences the formation of H‐bonds between the polysaccharides and amino acids or short peptides. Moreover, all gels exhibit good cell viability on fibroblasts as demonstrated by a live‐dead staining test and good in vivo biocompatibility, which highlights the great potential of these biomaterials for biomedical applications.
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Oxidized Bacterial Nanocellulose with Different Carboxyl Content
Authors: Tian Huaixiang , Li Wei , Chen Chen , Yu Haiyan , Yuan Haibin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOxidized bacterial nanocellulose (OBC) is reported to prevent microbial growth, but its antibacterial characteristics and mechanism are still unclear. Here, the antibacterial mechanism of OBC is explored by detecting and assessing the interaction of OBC with different carboxyl content on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results show that OBC has strong antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus and E. coli, which is positively correlated with the carboxyl content of OBC. After OBC treatment, the bacteria adhesion is inhibited and the cell membrane is destroyed leading to increased permeability. Further investigation reveals that the concentration of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) that induced biofilm formation is significantly decreased to 1.81 pmol mg−1 after OBC treatment. In addition, OBC inactivates mature biofilms, with inactivation rates up to 79.3%. This study suggests that OBC has excellent antibacterial and antiadhesion properties, which can increase the cell membrane permeability and inhibit c‐di‐GMP formation. In addition, OBC also has a strong inactivation effect on mature biofilm, which can be used as an effective antibiofilm agent.
Random Branching and Cross‐linking of Polymer Chains, Analytical Functions for the Bivariate Molecular Weight Distributions
Authors: Bachmann Rolf , Klinger Marcel , Meyer Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCross‐linking and branching of primary polymer molecules are investigated using the Galton–Watson (GW) process. Starting with the probability generating function (pgf) of the primary molecular weight distribution (MWD), analytical expressions are derived for the bivariate pgfs g(nbr, s) of branched polymers which depend also on the number of branch points nbr. The bivariate MWDs n(nbr, i) (i: number of molecular units) are then derived as Taylor expansions in s. All three cases of random branching: X‐shaped (cross‐linking), T‐shaped (only one end takes part in the branching process), and H‐shaped (both ends can take part in the branching process) are treated. An extension of the formalism does not require the construction of the pgf and allows the direct use of the MWD of the primary chains. However, using pgfs allows to go past the gel point and to determine the MWD and content of the sol. Explicit expressions are given for special distributions: the mono modal, the most probable, the Schulz‐Zimm, the Poisson, and the Catalan distribution for the cases of X‐shaped and T‐shaped branching.
M2‐like macrophage‐derived exosomes facilitate metastasis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer by delivering integrin αVβ3
Authors: Huang Lamei , Wang Fang , Wang Xueping , Su Chaoyue , Wu Shaocong , Yang Chuan , Luo Min , Zhang Jianye , Fu Liwu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetastasis is the most prevalent cause of cancer deaths, and immunological components of the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), play a vital role in cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of TAMs on non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remain largely unexplored. Herein, we demonstrated that M2‐like TAMs facilitate the migration and invasion of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through intercellular delivery of M2‐like macrophage‐derived exosomes (M2‐exos). Importantly, we found that M2‐exos had considerably higher levels of integrin (ITG) αV and β3. The impact of M2‐like macrophage‐mediated invasion and migration of NSCLC cells was clearly decreased when ITG αVβ3 was blocked. Mechanistically, exosomal ITG αVβ3 produced from M2‐like macrophages successfully triggered the focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway in recipient cells, boosting the migratory and invasive abilities of NSCLC cells. Clinically, we found that metastatic NSCLC patients had greater ITG αV and β3 expression, which was associated with a worse prognosis. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which M2‐exos significantly increased NSCLC cell migration and invasion by delivering integrin αVβ3. Exosomal ITG αVβ3 can be used as a potential prognostic marker, and blocking ITG αVβ3 could be a viable treatment option for preventing tumor metastasis.