bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect‐Engineered ZIF‐Derived Non‐Pt Cathode Catalyst at 1.5 mg cm−2 Loading for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhu Weikang , Liu Haotian , Pei Yabiao , Liu Tao , Zhang Junfeng , Liu Xin , Wang Lianqin , Feng Yingjie , Yin Yan , Guiver Michael D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by non‐Pt based catalyst, high loading of catalyst is required to achieve satisfactory fuel cell performance, which inevitably leads to the increase of the catalyst layer thickness with serious mass transport resistance. Herein, a defective zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) derived Co/Fe‐N‐C catalyst with small mesopores (2–4 nm) and high density of CoFe atomic active sites are prepared by regulating the Fe dosage and pyrolysis temperature. Molecular dynamics simulation and electrochemical tests indicate that > 2 nm mesopores show insignificant influence on the diffusion process of O2 and H2O molecules, leading to the high utilization of active sites and low mass transport resistance. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) shows a high‐power density of 755 mW cm−2 with only 1.5 mg cm−2 of non‐Pt catalyst in the cathode. No apparent performance loss caused by concentration difference can be observed, in particular in the high current density region (1 A cm−2). This work emphasizes the importance of small mesopore design in the Co/Fe‐N‐C catalyst, which is anticipated to provide essential guidance for the application of non‐Pt catalysts.
Thickness‐Controlled Synthesis of Compact and Uniform MOF Protective Layer for Zinc Anode to Achieve 85% Zinc Utilization
Authors: Xiang Yang , Zhong Yi , tan Pingping , Zhou Liyuan , Yin Guijie , pan Hongwei , Li Xu , Jiang Yinzhu , Xu Maowen , Zhang Xuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZinc anode‐based aqueous batteries have attracted considerable interest for large‐scale energy storage and wearable devices. Unfortunately, the formation of Zn dendrite, parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and irreversible by‐products, seriously restrict their practical applications. Herein, a series of compact and uniform metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) films with precisely controlled thickness (150–600 nm) are constructed by a pre‐oxide gas deposition (POGD) method on Zn foil. Under the protection of MOF layer with optimum thickness, the corrosion of zinc, the side reaction of hydrogen evolution, and the growth of dendrites on the zinc surface are suppressed. The symmetric cell based on Zn@ZIF‐8 anode exhibits exceptional cyclicality for over 1100 h with low voltage hysteresis of≈38 mV at 1 mA cm−2. Even at current densities of 50 mA cm−2 with an area capacity of 50 mAh cm−2 (85% Zn utilization), the electrode can keep cycling for >100 h. Besides, this Zn@ZIF‐8 anode also delivers a high average CE of 99.4% at 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, a rechargeable Zn ion battery is fabricated based on the Zn@ZIF‐8 anode and MnO2 cathode, which presents an exceptionally long lifespan with no capacity attenuation for 1000 cycles.
Facile Synthesis of Self‐Targeted Zn2+‐Gallic acid Nanoflowers for Specific Adhesion and Elimination of Gram‐Positive Bacteria
Authors: Huang Yue , Chen Yongcheng , Lu Zhouyu , Yu Bo , Zou Lingyun , Song Xiaohui , Han Haijie , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition metal ions are served as disinfectant thousand years ago. However, the in vivo antibacterial application of metal ions is strongly restricted due to its high affinity with proteins and lack of appropriate bacterial targeting method. Herein, for the first time, Zn2+‐gallic acid nanoflowers (ZGNFs) are synthesized by a facile one‐pot method without additional stabilizing agents. ZGNFs are stable in aqueous solution while can be easily decomposed in acidic environments. Besides, ZGNFs can specifically adhere onto Gram‐positive bacteria, which is mediated by the interaction of quinone from ZGNFs and amino groups from teichoic acid of Gram‐positive bacteria. ZGNFs exhibit high bactericidal effect toward various Gram‐positive bacteria in multiple environments, which can be ascribed to the in situ Zn2+ release on bacterial surface. Transcriptome studies reveal that ZGNFs can disorder basic metabolic processes of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, in a MRSA‐induced keratitis model, ZGNFs exhibit long‐term retention in the infected corneal site and prominent MRSA elimination efficacy due to the self‐targeting ability. This research not only reports an innovative method to prepare metal‐polyphenol nanoparticles, but also provides a novel nanoplatform for targeted delivery of Zn2+ in combating Gram‐positive bacterial infections.
A High‐Nickel Layered Double Hydroxides Cathode Boosting the Rate Capability for Chloride Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycling Life
Authors: Song Zhihao , Yin Qing , Yang Shuhan , Miao Yidong , Wu Yunjia , Li Yong‐Zhi , Ren Yaojian , Sui Yanwei , Qi Jiqiu , Han Jingbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChloride‐ion batteries (CIBs) have drawn growing attention in large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their comprehensive merits of high theoretical energy density, dendrite‐free characteristic, and abundance of chloride‐containing materials. Nonetheless, cathodes for CIBs are plagued by distinct volume effect and sluggish Cl− diffusion kinetics, leading to inferior rate capability and short cycling life. Herein, an unconventional Ni5Ti‐Cl LDH is reported with a high nickel ratio as a cathode material for CIB. The reversible capacity of Ni5Ti‐Cl LDH retains 127.9 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at a large current density of 1000 mA g−1, which exceeds that of ever reported CIBs, with extraordinary low volume change of 1.006% during a whole charge/discharge process. Such superior Cl‐storage performance is attributed to synergetic contributions consisting of high redox activity from Ni2+/Ni3+ and pinning Ti that restrains local structural distortion of LDH host layers and enhances adsorption intensity of chloride atoms during the reversible Cl− intercalation/de‐intercalation in LDH gallery, which are revealed by a comprehensive study including X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, kinetic investigations, and DFT calculations. This work provides an effective strategy to design low‐cost LDHs materials for high‐performance CIBs, which are also applicable to other types of halide‐ion batteries (e.g., fluoride‐ion and bromide‐ion batteries).
Simultaneous High Ionic Conductivity and Lithium‐Ion Transference Number in Single‐Ion Conductor Network Polymer Enabling Fast‐Charging Solid‐State Lithium Battery
Authors: Wang Yongyin , Sun Qiyue , Zou Junlong , Zheng Yansen , Li Jiashen , Zheng Mingtao , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping solid‐state electrolyte with sufficient ionic conduction and flexible‐intimate interface is vital to advance fast‐charging solid‐state lithium batteries. Solid polymer electrolyte yields the promise of interfacial compatibility, yet its critical bottleneck is how to simultaneously achieve high ionic conductivity and lithium‐ion transference number. Herein, single‐ion conducting network polymer electrolyte (SICNP) enabling fast charging is proposed to positively realize fast lithium‐ion locomotion with both high ionic conductivity of 1.1 × 10−3 S cm−1 and lithium‐ion transference number of 0.92 at room temperature. Experimental characterization and theoretical simulations demonstrate that the construction of polymer network structure for single‐ion conductor not only facilitates fast hopping of lithium ions for boosting ionic kinetics, but also enables a high dissociation level of the negative charge for lithium‐ion transference number close to unity. As a result, the solid‐state lithium batteries constructed by coupling SICNP with lithium anodes and various cathodes (e.g., LiFePO4, sulfur, and LiCoO2) display impressive high‐rate cycling performance (e.g., 95% capacity retention at 5 C for 1000 cycles in LiFePO4|SICNP|lithium cell) and fast‐charging capability (e.g., being charged within 6 min and discharged over than 180 min in LiCoO2|SICNP|lithium cell). Our study provides a prospective direction for solid‐state electrolyte that meets the lithium‐ion dynamics for practical fast‐charging solid‐state lithium batteries.
Mimicking evasive behavior in wavelength‐dependent reconfigurable phototransistors with ultralow power consumption
Authors: Shao He , Li Yueqing , Chen Jiefeng , Yang Wei , Wang Le , Fu Jingwei , Wang Yiru , Ling Haifeng , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRetinal‐inspired synaptic phototransistors, which integrate light signal detection, preprocessing, and memory functions, show promising applications in artificial vision sensors. In recent years, it has been reported to construct heterojunction in phototransistors to realize positive photoconductance (PPC) and negative photoconductance (NPC) modulations, thereby achieving visible and infrared wavelength discrimination and various visual functions. However, relatively little attention has been paid to wavelength‐dependent switching and reconfigurability between two states (PPC and NPC), limiting further applications for complex simulations of biological visual functions. Here, a mixed organic–inorganic heterojunction synaptic phototransistor was constructed by integrating CsPbBr3 nanoplates (NPLs) with strong blue‐light absorption and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) with strong red‐light absorption. Compared with the three‐dimensional (3D) structure CsPbBr3 nanocubes (NCs), the two‐dimensional (2D) CsPbBr3 NPLs exhibited more efficient charge transfer with P3HT. Based on the individual optical absorption properties in organic–inorganic heterojunction, the device exhibited wavelength‐selective and reconfigurable behavior between PPC and NPC. A low power consumption of 0.053 fJ per synaptic event was achieved, which is comparable to a biological synapse. Finally, Drosophila's evasive behavior to food under red and blue light can be successfully demonstrated. This work demonstrates the future potential of synaptic phototransistors for visuomorphic computing.
Exploring nonintrusive measurements of spatio‐temporal portrait of microservices
Authors: Zeng Tao , Xu Zichen , Wu Dan , Li Xiaoling , Liu Biyong , Hu Haichuan , Tan Shuang , Tan Yusong , Xu Chenren , Stewart Christopher , Zhou Qihe , Cao Ye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs cloud native technology advances, the scale and complexity of applications built on microservice architecture continue to expand, leading to increasingly intricate differences between software within the same application. Microservice applications, offering high flexibility, are deployed in data centers as black boxes from the users' perspective, leaving them with no insight into the orchestration of cloud service providers. Consequently, users face challenges in promptly recognizing performance imbalances within their deployed applications. Meanwhile, cloud service providers may cut costs by offering a mix of qualified and unqualified services, potentially deceiving users. To enhance the understanding of microservice application organization, we propose a non‐intrusive measurement framework, termed NMPI. NMPI facilitates rapid identification of microservice application defects, offering insights into cloud services and detecting fraudulent behavior in microservice‐based applications. We model microservice applications using a queue analysis‐based approach and filter the dominant frequency components of average response time signals by employing k‐means on the fast fourier transform (FFT). Our model constructs a library of performance portraits for various software, with these portraits resembling human fingerprints that carry and mark the software's internal information. Utilizing a two‐tier microservices‐based application incorporating a database as a case study allows us to demonstrate the effectiveness of NMPI. Our experimental results show that NMPI can produce differentiable profiles of data service performance portraits across a diverse and extensive range of workloads, enabling the identification of software types and the analysis of performance conditions.
Determination of Valbenazine related substances by liquid chromatography method complying with the current regulatory guidelines. Method robustness evaluation by Design of Experiments software
Authors: Deshmukh Balasaheb R. , Akshinthala Parameswari , Katari Naresh Kumar , Deshpande Girish K. , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Battula Sreenivas Rao , Gundla Rambabu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA simple, specific, rapid, sensitive reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of Valbenazine, impurities, and its degradation products. The proposed high‐performance liquid chromatography method showed optimum separation in 60 min using potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and ACN in the ratio of 90:10 (V/V) as mobile phase‐A whereas ACN and methanol in the ratio of 60:40 (V/V) as mobile phase‐B. YMC‐Pack ODS‐AQ (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.0 μm), column used along with security guard cartridge C18, (4.0 × 3.0 mm) at 1.1 ml/min flow. The injection volume was 10 μl and detection was carried out at 285 nm. The drug was degraded under different stress conditions and the method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines on the basis of accuracy, precision, linearity, and robustness. A degradation study indicates that Valbenazine is prone to oxidative degradation. The method was linear over the concentration range of limit of quantitation to 200% for impurities and drug substances. The method was found robust and was studied by the design of experiments. The proposed method is applicable for the determination of the stability of Valibenazine and was successfully used in the quality control of bulk drug manufacturing and pharmaceuticals.
Upgrading the Metsähovi Geodetic Research Station
Authors: Poutanen Markku , Bilker-Koivula Mirjam , Eskelinen Joona , Kallio Ulla , Kareinen Niko , Koivula Hannu , Lahtinen Sonja , Näränen Jyri , Peltoniemi Jouni , Raja-Halli Arttu , Rouhiainen Paavo , Zubko Nataliya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetsähovi Geodetic Research Station (MGRS) of the National Land Survey of Finland, has undergone a major upgrade. The first observations at MGRS were started in 1978. A decade-long reform began in 2012, during which all major systems were renewed. This included Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system, and a dedicated geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) system. Furthermore, the absolute gravimeter (AG) was upgraded, the superconducting gravimeter (SG) was renewed, and the station infrastructure was completely refurbished. When completed, MGRS will be one of the northernmost stations in the core network of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). MGRS has a full suite of co-located major geodetic instrumentation, and local geodetic networks and facilities to connect various observing techniques (local ties). Together, the core stations form the solid backbone for maintaining the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) and monitoring the orientation of the Earth in space and producing information for computing precise satellite orbits, including GNSS. The stability of the stations and their long and consistent series of measurements is paramount both for global and regional networks. We present recent developments at MGRS and introduce the instrumentation that already contributes and will contribute in the future to various IAG services.
Black Holes and Analogy
Authors: Mathie Alex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is generally accepted that science sometimes involves reasoning with analogies. Often, this simply means that analogies between disparate objects of study might be used as heuristics to guide theory development. Contemporary black hole physics, however, deploys analogical reasoning in a way that seems to overreach this traditional heuristic role. In this chapter, I describe two distinct pieces of analogical reasoning that are quite central to the contemporary study of black holes. The first underpins arguments for the existence of astrophysical Hawking radiation, and the second underpins arguments for black holes being ‘genuinely’ thermodynamical in nature. I argue that while these are distinct analogical arguments, they depend on one another in an interesting way: the success of the second analogical argument presupposes the success of the first. This induces a tension for those who wish to take black hole thermodynamics seriously, but who are sceptical of the evidence provided for astrophysical Hawking radiation by the results of analogue gravity. I consider three ways to resolve this tension, and show that each fails.
Research Assessments Should Recognize Responsible Research Practices. Narrative Review of a Lively Debate and Promising Developments
Authors: Aubert Bonn Noémie , Bouter Lex 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch assessments have been under growing scrutiny in the past few years. The way in which researchers are assessed has a tangible impact on decisions and practices in research. Yet, there is an emerging understanding that research assessments as they currently stand might hamper the quality and the integrity of research. In this chapter, we provide a narrative review of the shortcomings of current research assessments and showcase innovative actions that aim to address these. To discuss these shortcomings and actions, we target five different dimensions of research assessment. First, we discuss the content of research assessment, thereby introducing the common indicators used to assess researchers and the way these indicators are being used. Second, we address the procedure of research assessments, describing the resources needed for assessing researchers in an ever-growing research system. Third, we describe the crucial role of assessors in improving research assessments. Fourth, we present the broader environments in which researchers work, explaining that omnipresent competition and employment insecurity also need to be toned down substantially to foster high quality and high integrity research. Finally, we describe the challenge of coordinating individual actions to ensure that the problems of research assessments are addressed tangibly and sustainably.
Black hole entropy from quantum mechanics
Authors: Dorey Nick , Mouland Rishi , Zhao Boan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We provide evidence for a holographic duality between superconformal quantum mechanics on the moduli space of Yang-Mills instantons and M-theory in certain asymptotically AdS7 × S4 backgrounds with a plane-wave boundary metric. We show that the gravitational background admits a supersymmetric black hole solution whose entropy is precisely reproduced by the superconformal index of the dual quantum mechanics.
Classical limit of higher-spin string amplitudes
Authors: Cangemi Lucile , Pichini Paolo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It has been shown that a special set of three-point amplitudes between two massive spinning states and a graviton reproduces the linearised stress-energy tensor for a Kerr black hole in the classical limit. In this work we revisit this result and compare it to the analysis of the amplitudes describing the interaction of leading Regge states of the open and closed superstring. We find an all-spin result for the classical limit of two massive spinning states interacting with a photon or graviton. This result differs from Kerr and instead matches the current four-vector and the stress-energy tensor generated by a classical string coupled to electromagnetism and gravity respectively. For the superstring amplitudes, contrary to the black-hole case, we find that the spin to infinity limit is necessary to reproduce the classical spin multipoles.
Human pancreatic ductal organoids with controlled polarity provide a novel ex vivo tool to study epithelial cell physiology
Authors: Varga Árpád , Madácsy Tamara , Görög Marietta , Kiss Aletta , Susánszki Petra , Szabó Viktória , Jójárt Boldizsár , Dudás Krisztina , Farkas Gyula , Szederkényi Edit , Lázár György , Farkas Attila , Ayaydin Ferhan , Pallagi Petra , Maléth József 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpithelial ion and fluid secretion determine the physiological functions of a broad range of organs, such as the lung, liver, or pancreas. The molecular mechanism of pancreatic ion secretion is challenging to investigate due to the limited access to functional human ductal epithelia. Patient-derived organoids may overcome these limitations, however direct accessibility of the apical membrane is not solved. In addition, due to the vectorial transport of ions and fluid the intraluminal pressure in the organoids is elevated, which may hinder the study of physiological processes. To overcome these, we developed an advanced culturing method for human pancreatic organoids based on the removal of the extracellular matrix that induced an apical-to-basal polarity switch also leading to reversed localization of proteins with polarized expression. The cells in the apical-out organoids had a cuboidal shape, whereas their resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration was more consistent compared to the cells in the apical-in organoids. Using this advanced model, we demonstrated the expression and function of two novel ion channels, the Ca2+ activated Cl− channel Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), which were not considered in ductal cells yet. Finally, we showed that the available functional assays, such as forskolin-induced swelling, or intracellular Cl− measurement have improved dynamic range when performed with apical-out organoids. Taken together our data suggest that polarity-switched human pancreatic ductal organoids are suitable models to expand our toolset in basic and translational research.
Graphical abstract
Comparison of six different CAD/CAM retainers vs. the stainless steel twistflex retainer: an in vitro investigation of survival rate and stability
Authors: Roser Christoph J. , Bauer Carolien , Hodecker Lutz , Zenthöfer Andreas , Lux Christopher J. , Rues Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To compare failure rates and maximum load capacity (Fmax) of six different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) retainers with those of the hand-bent five-stranded stainless steel twistflex retainer.

Materials and methods
Six groups (n = 8 per group) of commercially available CAD/CAM retainers (cobalt–chromium [CoCr], titanium grade 5 [Ti5], nickel–titanium [NiTi], zirconia [ZrO2], polyetheretherketone [PEEK], and gold) and twistflex retainers were tested for long-term sufficiency and for Fmax using a self-developed in vitro model. All retainer models underwent a simulated ageing process of about 15 years (1,200,000 chewing cycles with a force magnitude of 65 N at 45° followed by storage in water at 37 °C for 30 days). If retainers did not debond or break during ageing, their Fmax was determined in a universal testing machine. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‑tests.

Results
Twistflex retainers did not fail (0/8) during ageing and had the highest Fmax (445 N ± 51 N). Ti5 retainers were the only CAD/CAM retainers that also did not fail (0/8) and had similar Fmax values (374 N ± 62 N). All other CAD/CAM retainers had higher failure rates during ageing and significantly lower Fmax values (p < 0.01; ZrO2: 1/8, 168 N ± 52 N; gold: 3/8, 130 N ± 52 N; NiTi: 5/8, 162 N ± 132 N; CoCr: 6/8, 122 N ± 100 N; PEEK: 8/8, 65 ± 0 N). Failure was due to breakage in the NiTi retainers and debonding in all other retainers.

Conclusion
Twistflex retainers remain the gold standard regarding biomechanical properties and long-term sufficiency. Of the CAD/CAM retainers tested, Ti5 retainers seem to be the most suitable alternative. In contrast, all other CAD/CAM retainers investigated in this study showed high failure rates and had significantly lower Fmax values.