bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to mapping tectonic faults and documenting supporting geomorphology
Authors: Adam Rachel N. , Scott Chelsea , Arrowsmith J Ramón , Reano Darryl , Madugo Chris , Koehler Rich D. , Zuckerman Malinda G. , Gray Brian , Kozaci Ozgur , González Tania , AbramsonWard Hans , Rockwell Thomas K. , Gath Eldon , Kottke Albert R. , Leuchter Ethan 
Published: January 2025

Mapping tectonic faults is challenging because mapping approaches are not standardized and some evidence for faulting is ambiguous due to surface processes that obscure the geomorphology. We developed and evaluated a new systematized approach for mapping faults and documenting geomorphic evidence based on desktop mapping using remote sensing data. Our approach works as a teaching tool to introduce fault mapping and in industry settings to establish consistent documentation. Using our approach, a mapper maps the landscape morphology, geomorphology, and surficial geology. The mapper uses the geomorphic indicator ranking approach to document the geomorphic indicators that support faulting such as scarps, triangular facets, and deflected streams. The resulting fault maps facilitate straightforward dissemination of information and build toward more accurate depictions of fault traces, which support understanding fault processes and predicting coseismic rupture location in a future earthquake.
We evaluated our mapping approach as follows. (1) We qualified the geomorphology that best predicts future rupture location as having the lowest geomorphic indicator-to-rupture separation distance. Of the features tested, cut or offset alluvial fans, fault scarps, and lineaments performed the best. (2) We found similarities in the fault confidence rankings chosen by the mappers and those calculated from the mapped geomorphology. (3) To explore best practices in fault mapping, we conducted listening sessions with 18 participants and found that terminology and mapping process vary by experience level. More-experienced mappers tend to use more technical terms to describe the geomorphology while less-experienced mappers use vague descriptions and generalize nearby features.
Biocontrol of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams.) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) by forest-derived entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Koç Muhammed , Bekircan Eski Duygu , Eski Ardahan 
Published: January 2025

The pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is an important forest pest in the Mediterranean region. This study demonstrated for the first time the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) isolated from pine forest soils on Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni. The identity of five isolates obtained by the Tenebrio-bait method was established by macroscopic and microscopic features and ITS-rDNA sequencing. Pathogenicity and virulence of novel indigenous isolates on fourth stage larvae of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni were then determined. PPM1, PPM3, and PPM5 were identified as Beauveria bassiana Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae); PPM2 and PPM4 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). All isolates were found to be pathogenic at a concentration of 107 conidia/mL, with virulence varying between 15% and 100%. The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum on Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni was demonstrated for the first time in this study and its virulence was determined to be 76%. In addition, the virulence of Beauveria bassiana PPM1 isolate reached 100% at a concentration of 107 conidia/mL 14 days after treatment. Moreover, the median lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill 50% of the larval population was estimated to be 5.7 × 103 conidia/mL. Our results are important to improve the application of new EPF species as biological control agents in pest management.
Coal Transportation Cost Optimization Based on Improved Population Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Wang Hongfeng 
Published: January 2025

In order to improve the profitability of coal enterprises, ensure the reasonable allocation of coal resources, and meet the dynamic changes of the coal transportation market and environment, a coal transportation cost optimization method based on improved group intelligence algorithm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of coal transportation, analyze its transportation mode, fully combining the cost characteristics of different transportation modes, construct the cost minimization optimization objective function including road transportation, railroad transportation and sea transportation, and determine the corresponding constraints; through the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to solve the objective function that meets the constraints. In order to better respond to the market changes, the concave function and dynamic adjustment mechanism are introduced to optimize and adjust the inertia weights and acceleration constants, so that the algorithm can automatically adjust the optimization strategy according to the changes of the market and the environment to ensure that the transportation scheme is always kept in the optimal or near-optimal state, and finally obtain the optimal cost strategy for coal transportation. Through the experimental verification, the method can achieve better coal transportation cost optimization, effectively reduce the carbon emission and waste of equipment resources in the transportation process, improve the efficiency of coal transportation, and effectively save the cost of coal transportation.
The Prognostic Factors in Children With Status Epilepticus and Status Epilepticus Severity Score Scales
Authors: Bilge Serap , Mert Gülen Gül , Hergüner Özlem , İncecik Faruk , Altunbaşak Şakir , Yıldızdaş Dinçer , Horoz Özden Özgür , Kuşcu Duygu 
Published: January 2025

Background: According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2015 classification, status epilepticus (SE) is a seizure that lasts longer than 5 min or a frequency of more than one seizure within 5 min, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors of SE and compare our patients with those of patients treated internationally with the modified status epilepticus severity score (mSTESS) to determine the reliability of this scoring system.Methods: The medical records of patients aged 1 month–17 years with SE who were treated at Çukurova University–Balcalı Training and Research Hospital between September 2018 and September 2021 and who were followed in the intensive care unit were included in the study.Results: Seventy‐two patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients with SE was 5 years (3–8). The male/female ratio was 34 (47%)/38 (53%). A history of epilepsy was present in 53% of the patients. The most common etiologies behind SE were meningoencephalitis (19%), febrile status (8%), unknown status (12%), and genetic causes (7%). Comorbidities, including developmental delay/intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, hyperactivity, and autism spectrum disorder, were present in 44 (61%) of the patients. The cutoff was ≥ 2 for unfavorable outcomes and 4 for mortality in our patients according to the mSTESS system. The case mortality rate was 1% in our study. Nonconvulsive SE, slowing and abnormal ground on EEG, being stuporous or comatose, having abnormal MRI–CT, and having a comorbid condition were associated with an unfavorable prognosis in SE patients.Conclusion: The mSTESS is a useful and practical scoring system for predicting the prognosis of SE patients. Nonconvulsive SE, slowing and abnormal ground in EEG, being stuporous or comatose, abnormal MRI–CT, and the presence of comorbid conditions indicated poor prognosis of SE in children.
Influence of Worsening Renal Function and Baseline Chronic Kidney Disease on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Insights From the REAL‐CAD Study
Authors: Yoshiki Yu , Ozaki Yukio , Abe Mitsuru , Ismail Tevfik F. , Takahashi Hiroshi , Akao Masaharu , Kawai Hideki , Muramatsu Takashi , Harada Masahide , Ohta Masaya , Hashimoto Yosuke , Shiki Yuichiro , Koshikawa Masayuki , Miyajima Keiichi , Takatsu Hidemaro , Niwa Yudai , Kawashima Naoyuki , Ozaki Reina , Tsuboi Naotake , Iimuro Satoshi , Iwata Hiroshi , Sakuma Ichiro , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Hibi Kiyoshi , Hiro Takafumi , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Hokimoto Seiji , Miyauchi Katsumi , Ogawa Hisao , Daida Hiroyuki , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Izawa Hideo , Kimura Takeshi , Nagai Ryozo ,   REAL‐CAD investigators
Published: January 2025

Background
The effect of worsening renal function and baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) on outcomes in patients with chronic coronary syndrome in the setting of optimal medical therapy remains unknown.

Methods and Results

The REAL‐CAD (Randomized Evaluation of Aggressive or Moderate Lipid Lowering Therapy With Pitavastatin in Coronary Artery Disease) study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of high‐dose (pitavastatin 4 mg/day) or low‐dose (pitavastatin 1 mg/day) statin therapy in 12 118 patients with chronic coronary syndrome. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization (major adverse cardiac and cerebral events [MACCE]). CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. WRF was defined as a decrease in eGFR ≥20% in the initial year; borderline renal function was an annual decrease of 0%<eGFR<20%, and stable renal function was no decrease. Of 12 118 patients, 4340 had baseline CKD and 7778 did not. The rate of MACCE at 5 years was significantly lower in those without (5.5%) versus with CKD (9.5%) (
P
<0.0001). After excluding 1247 patients who had MACCE, were censored, or missing eGFR within 1 year, 10 871 patients were included. Of these, 3885 were baseline CKD and the remaining 6986 did not have baseline CKD. Of the 10 871 patients, 577 patients had WRF, 6014 patients showed borderline renal function, and the remaining 4280 patients maintained stable renal function. In patients with CKD, WRF was an independent predictor for MACCE at 4 years as compared with stable renal function (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.67; [95% CI, 1.03–2.73;
P
=0.039]). In patients without CKD, borderline renal function was a significant predictor for MACCE at 4 years compared with stable renal function (HR: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.03–1.91;
P
=0.032]).

Conclusions
Baseline CKD was an independent predictor for MACCE in patients with CCS. WRF was a significant predictor for MACCE in patients with CKD. Because borderline renal function was an independent predictor for MACCE even in patients without CKD, mild‐to‐moderate annual declines of eGFR should be carefully monitored (NCT01042730).

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT01042730.
Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Carotid Artery Stenting: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Lim Hyunsun , Seo Kwon-Duk 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an alternative treatment for patients with carotid artery stenosis who are not eligible for carotid endarterectomy. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after CAS aims to prevent ischemic stroke. However, its optimal duration remains unclear. We aimed to determine the optimal duration of DAPT by identifying the differences in clinical events that occur depending on the DAPT maintenance period.

METHODS:
Data were obtained from the nationwide database of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 2007 and 2019. Patients who received CAS, as identified by procedure codes, were divided into 2 groups according to the duration of DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel): those who maintained DAPT for at least 90 days but for <6 months (short-DAPT group) and those who maintained it for longer (long-DAPT group). The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage within 12 months of switching to single antiplatelet therapy. Statistical analyses used inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance baseline characteristics, with Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing risk models used to assess outcomes.

RESULTS:

Of the 12 034 patients who underwent CAS, 2529 and 9505 were assigned to the short-DAPT and long-DAPT groups, respectively. In the short-DAPT group, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 41 (1.6%), 22 (0.9%), and 4 (0.2%) patients, respectively. In the long-DAPT group, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 108 (1.1%), 87 (0.9%), and 4 (0.04%) patients, respectively. The primary outcome did not differ significantly between the groups (2.5% versus 2.1%; adjusted hazard ratio of long-DAPT to short-DAPT, 0.869 [95% CI, 0.652–1.158];
P
=0.337).

CONCLUSIONS:
Short-duration DAPT can be recommended, as it does not differ from long-duration DAPT in terms of clinical efficacy and adverse events after CAS.
Runtime Analysis of Typical Decomposition Approaches in MOEA/D for Many-Objective Optimization Problems
Authors: Huang Zhengxin , Zhou Yunren , Chen Zefeng , Dang Qianlong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are popular methods utilized to address many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). These algorithms decompose the original MaOP into several scalar optimization subproblems, and solve them to obtain a set of solutions to approximate the Pareto front (PF). The decomposition approach is an important component in them. This paper presents a runtime analysis of a MOEA based on the classic decomposition framework using the typical weighted sum (WS), Tchebycheff (TCH), and penalty-based boundary intersection (PBI) approaches to obtain an optimal solution for any subproblem of two pseudo-Boolean benchmark MaOPs, namely mLOTZ and mCOCZ. Due to the complexity and limitation of the theoretical analysis techniques, the analyzed algorithm employs one-bit mutation to generate offspring individuals. The results indicate that when using WS, the analyzed algorithm can consistently find an optimal solution for every subproblem, which is located in the PF, in polynomial expected runtime. In contrast, the algorithm requires at least exponential expected runtime (with respect to the number of objectives m) for certain subproblems when using TCH or PBI, even though the landscapes of all objective functions in the two benchmarks are strictly monotone. Moreover, this analysis reveals a drawback of using WS: the optimal solutions obtained by solving subproblems are more easily mapped to the same point in the PF, compared to the case of using TCH. When using PBI, a smaller value of the penalty parameter is a good choice for faster convergence to the PF but may compromise diversity. To further understand the impact of these approaches in practical algorithms, numerical experiments on using bit-wise mutation to generate offspring individuals are conducted. The findings of this study may be helpful for designing more efficient decomposition approaches for MOEAs in future research.
Weathering Changes: Livelihood Adaptation to Weather Shocks in Rural India by Disadvantaged Social Groups
Authors: Das Dhiman 
Published: January 2025

In this article, we examine how households from disadvantaged social groups in India adapt through migration to climate-related shocks. We examine the relative importance of factors like social networks and public intervention in enabling adaptation to slow-onset climate change. We use household- and village-level data from two consecutive waves of the Indian Human Development Survey and gridded weather data from CRU at the University of East Anglia for our analysis. Our results indicate that, in India, major changes in dryness significantly increase migration, but disadvantaged social groups facing climate change are less likely to migrate. Social networks do not play any significant role in the migration behaviour of disadvantaged groups facing these changes. Efficient implementation of poverty alleviation programmes does improve the probability of migration among these groups. JEL Codes: O15, Q54
Effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for students with special educational needs: An empirical study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsahli Mohammed , Alanezi Fahad , Sh. Basri Wael , Attar Razaz Waheeb , Alghamdi Alya , Alyahya Norah Mohammed , Albagmi Salem , Almutairi Saud Asman , Alsedrah Ibrahim Tawfeeq , Arif Wejdan M , Alsadhan Abeer Abdullah , AlShammary Miznah Hizam , Bakhshwain Amal Mubarak , almuhanna Afnan fahd , Alnaim Norah , Alhazmi Amal Hassan 
Published: January 2025

Study purpose This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of ChatGPT in facilitating learning for medical students with special educational needs (SEN) while acknowledging and addressing the challenges that SEN students may encounter in utilizing this technology. Methods This cross-sectional survey study assessed ChatGPT's efficacy in supporting medical students with SEN across three Saudi Arabian universities. Utilizing purposive and convenience sampling, a questionnaire was administered to 283 SEN students. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and ANOVA, were conducted to evaluate perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness, considering demographic factors and impairment types. Results Notable differences were observed in perceptions of ChatGPT's effectiveness by impairment type and education level. Statistically significant differences were observed among the participants with different types of impairments in relation to flexibility in communication ( p = .01), scaffolding and guided practice ( p = .0435), immediate feedback and reinforcement ( p = .0334), visual and audio support ( p = .0244), and simplified learning ( p = .002) factors. For instance, individuals with communication and interaction impairments rated ChatGPT's support significantly higher for simplified learning ( M = 4.39, p = .002) and visual/audio support ( M = 4.08, p = .024) compared to other impairments. Education level significantly influenced perceptions across all support factors ( p < .05), with diploma holders consistently rating ChatGPT more favorably. Conclusion Although by providing personalized, simplified, and scaffolded learning experiences, along with social and emotional support, ChatGPT demonstrates promising potential in enhancing learning of SEN students; it does not prove to be effective across all types of impairments.
Kinetics During the Tuck Jump Assessment and Biomechanical Deficits in Female Athletes 12 Months After ACLR Surgery
Authors: Kember Lucy S. , Riehm Christopher D. , Schille Andrew , Slaton Jake A. , Oliver Jon L. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Residual interlimb deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to functional maladaptation and increase the risk of reinjury. The tuck jump assessment (TJA) may offer a more effective evaluation of ACLR status as compared with traditional tasks owing to increased risk of altered landing mechanics, asymmetrical landing, and increased knee valgus attributed to the cyclical nature of the task. However, it remains unclear whether altered TJA kinetics resolve over time or persist through return-to-play phases of rehabilitation. Purpose: To examine longitudinal kinetics, asymmetries, and functional performance deficits during TJA at 9 and 12 months after ACLR in female athletes at high risk of reinjury. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Female athletes (ACLR, n = 24; controls, n = 19; total, N = 43) performed a single trial of TJA on dual-force plates at 2 time points. The ACLR group (mean ± SD age, 16.8 ± 1.9 years) was tested at 9 and 12 months after surgery, and the control group (16.5 ± 3.6 years) was tested at similar time points. All athletes participated in similar sports and had comparable activity levels. Discrete time point analysis and statistical parametric mapping were used to identify deficits within each group. Results: At 9 months after surgery, the ACLR group exhibited significant interlimb differences in all kinetic variables ( P < .05), which persisted at 12 months with only small reductions in magnitude. As compared with controls, the ACLR group demonstrated a persistent offloading strategy in the involved limb by exhibiting larger interlimb asymmetries for a range of kinetic variables and a greater vertical ground-reaction force in the uninvolved limb during most of the stance phase at both time points ( P < .001). Distinct differences in functional performance of TJA were evident at both time points, characterized by lower peak vertical ground-reaction force, peak center of mass displacement, and relative vertical leg stiffness and longer ground contact times ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study revealed that young female athletes after ACLR exhibit persistent interlimb deficits and functional maladaptations up to 12 months after surgery. The TJA identified significant biomechanical impairments to both limbs, resulting in asymmetrical loading and altered movement strategies as compared with healthy controls. Despite some improvements, athletes with ACLR continued to demonstrate offloading to the uninvolved limb, indicating incomplete neuromuscular recovery.
Retrospective Study of the Efficacy of Biofeedback Therapy for Pediatric Persistent Posttraumatic Headache
Authors: Schwarz Anisha C. , Breuner Cora C. , Blume Heidi K. 
Published: January 2025

Background Posttraumatic headache is common in pediatrics. Studies have examined treatment of postconcussion symptoms, but few target posttraumatic headache. Biofeedback therapy has been studied in children and teens with primary headaches, but not posttraumatic headache. Our goal was to examine the changes in posttraumatic headache associated with biofeedback therapy in pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective study included 74 children aged 10-18 years who received biofeedback therapy for posttraumatic headache. “Positive response” to biofeedback therapy was defined as ≥50% reduction in headache days per week, or 3-point drop in pain rating between the first and last biofeedback therapy visits. Patient characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression to identify factors associated with response. Results In our cohort, 42% of all patients with posttraumatic headache had a positive response to biofeedback therapy. Thirty-six percent experienced ≥50% decrease in headache frequency, 13% had a ≥3-point decrease in headache severity and 8% reported both changes. For those with daily headaches, 36% had a positive response to biofeedback therapy. School absences, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or prescription preventive medication use were associated with nonresponse. Conclusions Biofeedback therapy is a reasonable treatment to consider to manage pediatric posttraumatic headache because more than 40% of our cohort had a beneficial response and biofeedback therapy has few adverse effects.