bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernity and Literary Historiography
Authors: Raveendran PP 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the possibilities of developing an alternative and critical literary historiography that would stay clear of modernity’s colonial cultural baggage, which trammels available models of non-western literary historiography. Using M. Leelavathy’s genre-based history of Malayalam poetry titled Malayala Kavita Sahitya Charitram as a point of reference, the chapter tries to rethink literary history’s Euro-centric methodology of reading bhasha literary texts as mirror images of colonial literary texts. Literary history’s practice of using the western template for interpreting the evolution of Indian literary history through such expressions as ‘romanticism’ and ‘modernism’ is also subjected to interrogation. The chapter argues that though Leelavathy’s literary history does not openly defy the protocols of conventional literary historiography, it can be said to carry within its unconscious the seeds of a truly critical literary history for Indian bhashas.
Grafting and Ecological Imperialism in John Fletcher’s Bonduca
Authors: Steffen William H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drawing upon a horticultural discourse, this chapter investigates John Fletcher’s Bonduca (1612) and its pervasive treatment of grafting as a meditation on the horticultural practices that were considered essential to early modern English colonialism. Through metaphorical imagery as well as physical gestures of grafting, Bonduca attends to the ecological repercussions of Britain’s colonial history and explores the potential risks of colonial expansion. In addition, the play represents the Roman exposure to several metaphorical diseases, which registers an early understanding of disease transmission as pathogenic, and which imagines a reversal of the effect of Old World diseases on indigenous human populations in the New World. These dramatized grafts sanction a complex representation of empire formation, where non-human actants play a more prominent role in determining the outcome of a political, military, and colonial struggle than human agents.
The West and the War at Sea
Authors: Grove Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The role of seapower in World War II was central to explaining Allied victory. Control of a global network of maritime communication meant being able to fight in distant theatres, being able to supply material assistance between allies, and being able to choose the place and timing of amphibious operations. The Axis, it is argued, had few advantages once Allied naval power was fully mobilized. Even the U-Boat war in the Atlantic was less impressive than usually argued. Strangling Japanese overseas supply was a major factor in Japan’s defeat.
Introduction
Authors: Blank Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Introduction begins with a discussion of two university theatrical productions that engage closely with Shakespeare’s works: Narcissus, performed at Oxford in 1602, and the Parnassus trilogy, performed at Cambridge between 1598 and 1601. These plays highlight Shakespeare’s presence within the academic sphere during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, even as both English universities had enacted prohibitions against performances by professional players. The Introduction then considers Shakespeare’s awareness of the universities in order to provide context for one of the book’s central claims: that Shakespeare repeatedly took inspiration from university drama. University plays varied widely in several respects, and it was a select number of them—some of which circulated either in print or in manuscript, and some of which reflect critically upon academic culture—with which Shakespeare and his contemporaries engaged. These connections refute the longstanding notion that university drama was completely separated from the commercial stage. The Introduction also discusses the book’s methodological approach as well as its aims—both to bring university drama further into critical focus and to offer new interpretations of a number of commercial plays.
Orthodoxy and Marginality
Authors: Hokama Rhema 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 1, I argue that a shared soteriological outlook undergirded both the public ceremonialism of Richard Hooker’s Lawes of Ecclesiastical Polity and the experiential devotional practices that were developed by Reformed theologians like William Perkins. Although the prevailing scholarship on early modern church history and literary studies has largely regarded the theologies of Hooker and Perkins as mutually opposed, I maintain that the continuities between these religious outlooks shaped the way early modern English worshippers understood devotional expression during the decades after the Reformation. The overlaps in the ways Hooker and Perkins thought about the role of participatory worship and bodily affect provided models for how English Protestants could intellectually and experientially confirm their devotion, and my discussion of these continuities provides the historical and intellectual framework for my subsequent readings of early modern poetry.
Donne’s Speaking, Weeping, Bleeding Images
Authors: Hokama Rhema 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In Chapter 4, I explore Donne’s tendency in the Holy Sonnets to be simultaneously fascinated with and repelled by images of Christ. I argue that Donne’s contradictory stance on devotional images—both as a poet and as a preacher—was not indicative of an idiosyncratic spiritual struggle so much as it was telling of a wider devotional confusion about what constituted idolatry after the English Reformation. Donne’s stance on images resonated with the Calvinist theology of William Perkins, whose iconophobia was coextensive with an equally powerful iconophilia. While Perkins denigrated all material depictions of God, paradoxically, he also suggested the possibility that certain images might be preserved—if not in the material world then in the mind, enhanced and enabled by the outward senses. Like Perkins, Donne’s confusion about the role of religious images had distinctive repercussions for the way in which he allowed himself to ascertain and verify devotional affect—not only in his relationship with Christ, but also in his erotic encounters. For Donne, the affinity between believer and Christ were linked by means of visible and experiential impressions, and through bodily proximity. In imagining access to Christ, I demonstrate that Donne redeployed the logic of his sexual relationships with his various mistresses and with his wife, Anne More.
A Christian Holy Land
Authors: Klein Konstantin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at the enormous changes wrought by the expansion of Christianity in the Holy Land. Such changes were principally the result of the conversion of Constantine the Great to the new faith in 312 ce, which gave it imperial support. Over the next three centuries numerous churches and monasteries were built throughout the Roman Empire, but in the Holy Land in particular, for churches were erected to commemorate the events of Jesus’ lifetime and ascetics desired to establish themselves in the places where their Lord had walked. Such a desire also drew lay people, pilgrims, eager to see for themselves the sites that they knew from the New Testament. By the end of the period covered by this chapter, paganism had all but vanished from the Holy Land, and Christians had taken firm control of it, shaping it according to their vision. Christianity’s anti-Jewish tendencies meant that this was an increasingly difficult time for Palestinian Jews, yet it also gave their community greater definition and the period saw the emergence of the Palestinian Talmud at the hands of the rabbis of the Holy Land.
Managing Information
Authors: Blair Ann 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The rapid spread of printing in Europe, starting in the late fifteenth century, generated an explosion in the number of books available and encouraged the production of longer books. The authors and printers of informational genres used layout and paratexts to facilitate consultation, reading, or the ability to find specific information in large books. The alphabetical index, the table of contents, tables and branching diagrams, among other apparatus, all of which originated in the Middle Ages, became more widely diffused through printing. These aids to the reader characterized genres that today we might call reference works. Complaints about the overabundance of books also prompted the production of books designed to manage the books themselves, including bibliographies, library catalogues, auction catalogues, and journals comprising book reviews.
The Islamic World
Authors: Blair Sheila S. , Bloom Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Because of the sanctity of the revelation and the desire to record it faithfully, writing and books have always played an extraordinarily important role in the Islamic world. Islamic culture has spanned a millennium and a half, from the early seventh century to the present day, and exists around the globe from southern Spain and North Africa to Indonesia and beyond. Following a brief introduction to the principles of Arabic script, this chapter surveys this vast production in four broad chronological blocks: Qur’an manuscripts from the first centuries of Islam; the transition from parchment to paper in medieval times; deluxe books with illustrations produced from the late thirteenth century to the early seventeenth; and other forms and formats typical of more recent times including albums, loose-leaf Qur’an manuscripts from Africa, printing, and artists’ books. The purpose is to investigate books from the Islamic lands not only as written texts but also as physical objects that shed light on important social and intellectual questions such as the change from the oral to the written, rates of literacy, identification of readership, the roles of illustration and illumination, collecting, preservation, and libraries.
Business Reponses to Populism in Denmark
Authors: Ibsen Christian Lyhne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how organized business elites in Denmark have responded to the populist party, Danish People´s Party [Dansk Folkeparti] (DPP) on anti-migration policies, welfare state reforms, and the EU. The chapter builds on the argument by Feldmann and Morgan that business elites will respond to populism using voice or loyalty, but rarely exit. It moreover employs their distinction between soft voice and loud voice, and explicit vs. implicit loyalty. Surveying the period since the establishment of DPP, the chapter identifies both loud voices and implicit loyalty of business in Denmark. Loud voice by business going against DPP’s policies on restricting labour migration when they affect labour supply negatively. Implicit loyalty to the DPP’s policies pertains to welfare chauvinism when refugees and migrants have seen their benefits and eligibility reduced. Even though the material interests and cultural values of business and the DPP rarely coincide, the relationship between organized business elites and the DPP is relatively pragmatic and peaceful. The chapter ends by discussing the emergence of a new welfare state chauvinist coalition across business elites and mainstream parties that hitherto had been opposed to the anti-globalism of the populist parties.
Technocracy and Populism in the Philippines
Authors: Takagi Yusuke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has described himself as a punisher, while scholars describe him as an example of ‘penal populism’. In contrast with his brutal anti-drug campaign, his economic management appears reasonable and even reform-oriented. It argues that the Philippine government has carried out technocratic economic policy reforms under both the democratic Aquino administration and the authoritarian Duterte administration, thanks to the unintended legacy of the populist administration in the 1990s. After the rise and decline of populism in the late 1990s, the socio-economic policymakers addressed the structural problem of underspending on social infrastructure. Regardless of whether leadership is democratic or authoritarian, they introduced a series of reform laws to generate revenue, enhance social well-being, and improve the business environment. Tracing the policy-making process of the reform laws, we conclude the president does not dominate the entire policy-making process. A coalition politics allows various stakeholders to join the porous policy-making process. The Philippines’ odd couple depends not on the president’s popularity but on the technocracy that has evolved independently of the rhythm of presidential politics.
The Orderly Universe
Authors: Alexander Amir 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An algorithm places steep requirements on the universe in which it operates: for a predetermined set of operations to reliably produce correct results or desired outcomes, the world must be orderly and predictable. Newton’s development of the calculus from the earlier method of indivisibles is a case in point. The method was a broad and flexible approach, which made few assumptions about broader order in the world. The calculus, in contrast, is an algorithm that applies a small set of rules to an infinite number of cases, and consequently assumes a world of strict order and predictability. A study of Newton’s development of the calculus from 1665 to 1704 shows a gradual transition from the “special case” approach of the method, to the orderly rule-bound universe of the calculus. Such a move extends beyond mathematics, and requires a change in philosophical, religious, and even political perspectives. Newton’s development of the calculus, it follows, is not just a mathematical achievement, but a cultural one.
Iraq against the World
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Iraq against the World is a powerful reconsideration of both the history of Iraqi foreign policy under Saddam Hussein as well as post–Cold War international history more generally. As the United States emerged triumphant at the end of the Cold War, challenging Saddam’s belligerence provided a test for a new system of international politics. For its proponents, this new order would be embedded in institutions of international law like the United Nations Security Council, which was designed to contain the might-makes-right calculations that had tortured the twentieth century. This is the first book to examine Saddam Hussein’s confrontation with this post–Cold War order through the internal files of the ruling Ba‘th Party. The results highlight previously unknown Iraqi strategies, including the prominent use of influence operations and manipulative statesmanship. The book traces Ba‘thist operations around the globe—from the streets of New York and Stockholm, to the mosques of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, and the halls of power in Paris and Moscow. In doing so, it offers new insights into the evolution of the post–Cold War order and reveals why wars in Iraq became a central feature of global politics for the past thirty years.
Introduction: Iraq and the World
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As the United States emerged triumphant from the Cold War, it attempted to use the 1990 Gulf Crisis to shape international order for the post–Cold War period. Saddam Hussein’s Iraq responded with a campaign of influence operations to divide the American-led system and make sanctioning Iraq politically difficult. Measuring the effectiveness of influence operations necessitates distinguishing between operational effects and strategic effects. The former measures the ability to ally with foreign partners. The latter deal with the political impacts. This book’s primary contribution is a reassessment of Iraq’s international strategy in the 1990s and early 2000s. It is the first book to use the documents of the ruling Iraqi Ba‘th Party to do so. The book also contributes to broader post–Cold War international and global history.
Courting Clinton
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Clinton inherited a world infused with hope. He and his administration learned very quickly that the age-old hatreds and geopolitical rivalries did not cease with the end of the Cold War. The dreams of a new world order began to strain in Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East. As this reality set in, Clinton adjusted. However, his predecessor had put the American strategies toward the Ba‘thist regime at the center of the post–Cold War order. To Baghdad’s surprise and frustration, the United States could not simply walk away from Iraq. Too much was at stake. As this reality set in, the Ba‘thists launched a sustained political campaign in the United States to undermine Clinton’s policies and to delegitimize American approaches toward the post–Cold War order, which centered on Iraq.
A Turning Point for the New World Order
Authors: Helfont Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although Iraqis faced the prospect of economic and social collapse at home due to sanctions, Baghadad also was able to use Iraq’s suffering as a political tool to undermine the global order that imposed it. For Saddam and his regime, the inroads that Ba‘thists made in political systems around the world marked important political gains. Paris’s divergence with Washington, as well as shifting attitudes in Russia and the Middle East highlighted an important turning point and a new direction in global politics. The once-unified American-led coalition was breaking apart. As a result, norms of unity and cooperation that underpinned the anti-Iraq coalition at the Security Council were melting.
Why Is There No Escalation in Cyberspace?
Authors: Lonergan Erica D. , Lonergan Shawn W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the central empirical puzzle that motivates the book: if cyberspace is in fact an environment that gives rise to escalatory dynamics between rivals, why is there so little evidence of escalation? While there have been hundreds—if not thousands—of cyber incidents, not a single one has led to dangerous spirals, let alone escalation to war. The chapter previews the core theoretical argument: four features of cyber operations—secrecy and plausible deniability; requirements for planning and conducting offensive operations; limitations on cost generation; and the role of intelligence—have dampening effects on escalation risks. Next, the chapter defines key terms. It then reviews the existing literature on cyber operations and escalation, dispelling what are argued to be incorrect assumptions that define that body of scholarship, such as the idea that cyberspace is offense dominant or that secrecy and ambiguity increase instability. The chapter concludes by charting a path forward for the remainder of the book.
Implications for Policymaking
Authors: Lonergan Erica D. , Lonergan Shawn W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by extending the theoretical analysis to offer policy recommendations for the United States. First, the theory and case studies suggest critical implications for the role of offensive cyber operations in U.S. strategy, especially in the wake of the recent strategic concept “defend forward,” articulating a more assertive and proactive role for military power in cyberspace, including offensive cyber operations short of war. Despite some concerns, the evidence from a decade of cyber operations raises doubts about the likelihood of escalation. Second, the use of cyber operations for signaling is highly underdeveloped in U.S. cyber strategy, despite its potential in the context of international crisis bargaining and escalation management. Emerging evidence regarding the ways states can reassure and convey restraint through the conduct of cyber operations could be incorporated into future U.S. strategic thinking. Finally, policymakers may be overlooking the need to address the cyber defense and resilience of the capabilities that support deterrence and warfighting, and craft measures to avoid the escalation risks that may emerge from adversary—and U.S.—cyber operations in these systems. The potential consequences of inadvertent cyber escalation stemming from cyber operations conducted against critical conventional and nuclear systems, and the existing gaps in U.S. efforts to secure those systems against cyber operations, are far more significant and dangerous than the cyber operations on which most experts are focused.
From Personal Files to Blueprints
Authors: Sezen Tonguҁ Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Building upon the concepts of transmedia paratextuality and object- and design-oriented fandom, this chapter investigates the historical evolution and characteristics of epistolary paratexts of the Alien franchise. Written in an in-universe style, these ancillary texts imitate the forms of scientific reports, engineering manuals, technical drawings, and other similar factual material. They project the world of Alien by describing its scientific, economic, and political inner workings instead of narrating events, and expand it with plausible speculations. Epistolary paratexts were part of the Alien franchise since late 1980’s, focusing on on-screen details, reproducing, and repurposing them. Reflecting the transformation of the film series into a media franchise, they became more and more common in recent years, also coinciding with the rise of design-oriented fandom and encyclopaedic reading practices. This chapter provides a historical and comparative reading of these paratexts by focusing on their form, content, and contributions to the world building processes and their relation to the films and wider Alien media.
“Must Be a Chick Thing”
Authors: Kamm Frances A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In his 1979 review, Vincent Canby calls Alien a “Gothic set in space”: in this chapter I will reflect upon the implications of describing the film as “Gothic,” arguing that the franchise engages with the traditions of the Female Gothic, specifically. The Female Gothic is typically defined by stories in which a central female protagonist is imperiled within isolated locations, usually because of a villainous male figure and/or patriarchal structures more broadly. Alien evokes this narrative patterning as the film comes to center on Ripley as the heroine, resisting the sexualized threat of the xenomorph in conjunction with the exploitative nature of the Company. These Female Gothic tropes continue to appear within the film’s larger franchise, following Ripley’s appearances in Aliens (1986), Alien3 (1992), and Alien Resurrection (1997). Indeed, when analyzing the franchise through the lens of the Female Gothic, it is fascinating to see how these four films—produced within varying historical contexts, with different filmmakers and diverse narrative set-ups—can be brought into a new dialogue, with the Female Gothic functioning as intertextual and transmedial structuring element. Revisiting the Alien franchise via the Female Gothic provides another way of considering these films together, illuminating both the continued cultural currency of the Female Gothic tradition, and Ripley as a screen icon.