bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can We StoP Worrying about Long-term PPIs and Gastric Cancer Risk?
Authors: Richman Courtney M. , Leiman David A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are a cornerstone of management for many digestive diseases. While chronic PPI use induces physiologic changes including gastric acid suppression and hypergastrinemia, existing data are conflicting on whether this impacts the risk of gastric cancer among PPI users. Sassano and colleagues utilized pooled case–control data from five studies in the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) Project to investigate the association between PPI use and histologically confirmed gastric cancer. Short-term PPI use (6 months) was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer, but no association was found between long-term PPI use (3 years or more) and gastric cancer. Although the authors relied on patient-reported PPI use data, and data related to Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication rates were missing, no histologic gastric cancer subtypes in this international case–control study were associated with any PPI use. Currently reported findings provide patients and clinicians with reassuring observations that long-term PPI use does not significantly increase gastric cancer risk. The relationship identified among short-term PPI users may reflect reverse causality. Our understanding will be furthered by additional assessment of potential confounders, including comorbid conditions, PPI metabolism, and social determinants of health.See related article by Sassano et al., p. 1174
The Inflamed Niche: A Double-Edged Sword in AML?
Authors: Lisi-Vega Livia E. , Méndez-Ferrer Simón 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
Although inflammation has long been recognized as a hallmark of many cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), how it affects individual cells of the tumor microenvironment and their interaction with normal and neoplastic cells is incompletely understood. A comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human bone marrow from patients with AML and healthy individuals identified skewing of stem cell and stromal cell populations in AML toward proinflammatory states associated with reduced risk of relapse, paralleling previous findings in mouse models and suggesting that inflamed bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells might be a double-edged sword in AML by hampering normal hematopoiesis (while AML cells appear comparatively more resilient) but also rendering AML cells more susceptible to chemotherapy or immune attack.
See related article by Chen et al., p. 394 (7) .
Defining Demographic-specific Coronary Artery Calcium Percentiles in the Population Aged ≥75: The ARIC Study and MESA
Authors: Wang Frances M. , Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Ballew Shoshana H. , Coresh Josef , Folsom Aaron R. , Howard Candace M. , Post Wendy S. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Budoff Matthew J. , Blaha Michael J. , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Current clinical guidelines recommend a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score of 100 Agatston Units or demographic-specific 75th percentile as high-risk thresholds for guiding atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease preventive therapy. Meanwhile, low CAC can help derisk individuals who may safely defer statin therapy. However, limited data from the early 2000s, including just 208 older Black individuals, inform CAC percentiles for adults aged 75 to 85 years, and none have been established in adults aged ≥85 years. This study aims to characterize the distribution of CAC and establish demographic-specific CAC percentiles in the population aged ≥75 years.

METHODS:
We assessed 2886 participants aged ≥75 years without clinical coronary heart disease from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) visit 7 (2018–2019; n=2217) and the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) visit 5 (2010–2011; n=669). Prevalence of any CAC >0 and sex- and race-specific CAC percentiles across age were estimated nonparametrically with locally weighted regression models and pooled residual ranking.

RESULTS:
The median age was 80 (interquartile interval, 77–83) years, and 60% were female. The prevalence of zero CAC was lowest in White males (4%), followed by Black males (13%), White females (14%), and highest in Black females (18%). Regardless of sex and race, most participants had CAC>100 (62.5%). CAC scores increased with age, with CAC identified in ≈95% of participants aged ≥90 years across sex-race subgroups. The 75th percentile corresponded to higher CAC scores for Black older adults (n=741), especially females, than currently used thresholds.

CONCLUSIONS:
In community-dwelling adults aged ≥75 years free of clinical coronary heart disease, the prevalence of zero CAC was 11%, and CAC >100 as a threshold for high ASCVD risk would categorize most of this older population as high risk. Demographic-specific CAC percentiles from this study are a valuable tool for interpreting CAC in the population aged ≥75 years.
Association of SGLT‐2 Inhibitors With Treatment Satisfaction and Diabetes‐Specific and General Health Status in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ding Qinglan , Spatz Erica S. , Bena James F. , Morrison Shannon L. , Levay Michelle , Lin Haiqun , Grey Margaret , Edwards Nancy E. , Isaacs Diana , West Lucianne , Combs Pamela , Albert Nancy M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
It is unknown if initiation of a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT‐2i) is associated with changes in patient‐reported health status outside of clinical trials.

Methods and Results

Using a prospective observational study design, adults with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease were recruited from 14 US hospitals between November 2019 and December 2021 if they were new users of noninsulin antidiabetic medications. The primary outcome was change in 6‐month diabetes treatment satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included diabetes‐related symptom distress, diabetes‐specific quality of life, and general health status for all patients and based on cardiovascular disease type. Inverse probability of treatment weight using propensity score was performed to compare outcome changes based on medication use. Of 887 patients (SGLT‐2i: n=242) included in the inverse probability of treatment weight analyses, there was no difference in changes in treatment satisfaction in SGLT‐2i users compared with other diabetes medication users (0.99 [95% CI, −0.14 to 2.13] versus 1.54 [1.08 to 2.00],
P
=0.38). Initiating an SGLT‐2i versus other diabetes medications was associated with a greater reduction in ophthalmological symptoms (−3.09 [95% CI, −4.99 to −1.18] versus −0.38 [−1.54 to 0.77],
P
=0.018) but less improvement in hyperglycemia (1.08 [−2.63 to 4.79] versus −3.60 [−5.34 to −1.86],
P
=0.026). In subgroup analyses by cardiovascular disease type, SGLT‐2i use was associated with a greater reduction in total diabetes symptom burden and neurological sensory symptoms in patients with heart failure.

Conclusions
Among patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, initiating an SGLT‐2i was not associated with changes in diabetes treatment satisfaction, total diabetes symptoms, diabetes‐specific quality of life, or general health status.
In Situ Validation of Altimetry and CFOSAT SWIM Measurements in a High Wave Environment
Authors: Hay Andrea , Watson Christopher , Legresy Benoit , King Matt , Beardsley Jack 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While satellite altimeters have revolutionized ocean science, validation measurements in high wave environments are rare. Using geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data collected from the Southern Ocean Flux Station (SOFS; −47°S, 142°E) since 2019, as part of the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS), we present a validation of satellite missions in this energetic region. Here we show that high rate GNSS observations at SOFS can successfully measure waves in the extreme conditions of the Southern Ocean and obtain robust measurements in all wave regimes [significant wave height (SWH) ranging from 1.5 to 12.6 m]. We find good agreement between the in situ and nadir altimetry SWH (RMSE = 0.16 m, mean bias = 0.04 m, and n = 60). Directional comparisons with the Chinese–French Ocean Satellite (CFOSAT) Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) instrument also show good agreement, with dominant directions having an RMSE of 9.1° (n = 22), and correlation coefficients between the directional spectra ranging between 0.57 and 0.79. Initial sea level anomaly (SLA) estimates capture eddies propagating through the region. Comparisons show good agreement with daily gridded SLA products (RMSE = 0.03 m, and n = 205), with scope for future improvement. These results demonstrate the utility of high rate geodetic GNSS observations on moored surface platforms in highly energetic regions of the ocean. Such observations are important to maximize the geophysical interpretation from altimeter missions. In particular, the ability to provide collocated directional wave observations and SLA estimates will be useful for the validation of the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission where understanding the interactions between sea state and sea surface height poses a major challenge.
Chronic disease diagnosis model based on convolutional neural network and ensemble learning method
Authors: Zhou Huan , Zhang Pei-Ying , Zou Xiao , Liu Jia , Wang Wen-Jie 
Published: September 2023

Introduction Chronic diseases have become one of the main causes of premature death all around the world in recent years. The diagnosis of chronic diseases is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, timely diagnosis and prediction of chronic diseases are very necessary. Methods In this paper, a new method for chronic disease diagnosis is proposed by combining convolutional neural network (CNN) and ensemble learning. This method utilizes random forest (RF) as the base classifier to improve classification performance and diagnostic accuracy, and then combines AdaBoost to successfully replace the Softmax layer of CNN to generate multiple accurate base classifiers while determining their optimal attributes, achieving high-quality classification and prediction of chronic diseases. Results To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, real-world Electronic Medical Records dataset (C-EMRs) was used for experimental analysis. The results show that compared with other traditional machine learning methods such as CNN, K-Nearest Neighbor, and RF, the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of diagnosis and reduce the occurrence of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Conclusions This study will provide effective information for the diagnosis of chronic diseases, assist doctors in making clinical decisions, develop targeted intervention measures, and reduce the probability of misdiagnosis.
A ‘golden’ alternative for prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity in bladder cancer
Authors: Sharon Yoray , Motiei Menachem , Tzror-Azankot Chen , Sadan Tamar , Popovtzer Rachela , Rosenbaum Eli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCisplatin (CP) is the first-line standard of care for bladder cancer. However, a significant percentage of advanced bladder cancer patients are ineligible to receive standard CP treatment, due to the drug’s toxicity, and in particular its nephrotoxicity. These patients currently face suboptimal therapeutic options with lower efficacy. To overcome this limitation, here we designed CP-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with specific properties that prevent renal toxicity, and concurrently preserve the therapeutic efficacy of CP. Safety and efficacy of the particles were studied in bladder tumor-bearing mice, using clinically-relevant fractionated or non-fractionated dosing regimens. A non-fractionated high dose of CP-GNP showed long-term intratumoral accumulation, blocked tumor growth, and nullified the lethal effect of CP. Treatment with fractionated lower doses of CP-GNP was also superior to an equivalent treatment with free CP, demonstrating both anti-tumor efficacy and prolonged mouse survival. Moreover, as opposed to free drug, CP-conjugated GNPs did not cause fibrosis or necrosis in kidney. These results indicate that conjugating CP to GNPs can serve as an effective, combined anti-cancer and renoprotective approach, and thus has potential to widen the range of patients eligible for CP-based therapy.
Serum fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation risk during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective study
Authors: Bao Jiaqi , Gao Zhicheng , Hu Yilan , Liu Wenquan , Ye Lifang , Wang Lihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is a common adverse outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and is closely correlated with hospital stay and prognosis. In recent years, serum fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), a novel biomarker for inflammation and thrombosis, has been used to predict the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between FAR and NOAF during hospitalization after PCI in patients with AMI.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of NOAF during hospitalization and follow-up in 670 patients with AMI after PCI. Data were collected on patient age, sex, body mass index, medical history, current medication, heart failure, laboratory tests, culprit blood vessels, echocardiographic characteristics, and AMI type. The enrolled patients were divided into NOAF and non-NOAF groups. The baseline characteristics of patients in the two groups were compared, and the predictive correlation between FAR and NOAF was evaluated using logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Fifty-three (7.9%) patients developed NOAF during hospitalization. The occurrence of NOAF was found to be independently associated with higher FAR besides older age, higher neutrophil count, greater left atrial size, worse Killip class upon admission, lower body mass index, lower platelet count, lower left ventricle ejection fraction, and target left circumflex artery disease. FAR exhibited a better predictive value for the occurrence of NOAF during hospitalization (area under the curve, 0.732; 95% confidence interval, 0.659–0.808).

Conclusions
FAR is a robust tool for predicting NOAF risk during hospitalization in patients with AMI after PCI and has a better predictive value than serum fibrin and serum albumin levels alone.
Evaluating the impact of point-of-care HIV viral load assessment on linkage to care in Baltimore, MD: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bayan Mohammad Harris , Smalls Travis , Boudreau Alec , Mirza Agha W. , Pasco Courtney , Demko Zoe O , Rothman Richard E. , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Eshleman Susan H. , Mostafa Heba H. , Gonzalez-Jimenez Nathalie , Chavez Pollyanna R. , Emerson Brian , Delaney Kevin P. , Daugherty Debra , MacGowan Robin J. , Manabe Yukari C. , Hamill Matthew M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Integration of a sensitive point-of-care (POC) HIV viral load (VL) test into screening algorithms may help detect acute HIV infection earlier, identify people with HIV (PWH) who are not virally suppressed, and facilitate earlier referral to antiretroviral therapy (ART), or evaluation for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This report describes a randomized clinical trial sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): “Ending the HIV Epidemic Through Point-of-Care Technologies” (EHPOC). The study’s primary aim is to evaluate the use of a POC HIV VL test as part of a testing approach and assess the impact on time to linkage to ART or PrEP. The study will recruit people in Baltimore, Maryland, including patients attending a hospital emergency department, patients attending an infectious disease clinic, and people recruited via community outreach. The secondary aim is to evaluate the performance characteristics of two rapid HIV antibody tests approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Methods
The study will recruit people 18 years or older who have risk factors for HIV acquisition and are not on PrEP, or PWH who are not taking ART. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the control arm or the intervention arm. Participants randomized to the control arm will only receive the standard-of-care (SOC) HIV screening tests. Intervention arm participants will receive a POC HIV VL test in addition to the SOC HIV diagnostic screening tests. Follow up will consist of an interim phone survey conducted at week-4 and an in-person week-12 visit. Demographic and behavioral information, and oral fluid and blood specimens will be collected at enrollment and at week-12. Survey data will be captured in a Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Participants in both arms will be referred for either ART or PrEP based on their HIV test results.

Discussion
The EHPOC trial will explore a novel HIV diagnostic technology that can be performed at the POC and provide viral assessment. The study may help inform HIV testing algorithms and contribute to the evidence to support same day ART and PrEP recommendations.

Trial registration
NIH ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04793750. Date: 11 March 2021.
Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK): a case report and literature review
Authors: An Hong , Guo Jiaxiang , Guo Hongliang , Hu Wenli , Lu Ming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK) is a rare lymphoproliferative disease. Peripheral neuropathy is an unusual symptom of CLPD-NK. We report a case of peripheral neuropathy associated with CLPD-NK and perform a review of literatures.

Case presentation
a 62-year‐old woman presented with progressive numbness and weakness in both extremities. Electrophysiological examinations indicated a sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Peripheral blood examination revealed that the number of white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes were significantly increased. Flow cytometry analysis identified that 84% of the lymphocytes are NK cells that mainly expressed CD56, combined with variable expression of CD16, CD2, CD7, CD94, granzyme B, perforin, and CD158 but negative for CD3. Sural nerve biopsy revealed that a plethora of NK cells infiltrated into nerve fascicles. On treatment with combined cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, her symptoms rapidly improved. Moreover, the absolute lymphocyte count and its proportion recovered to normal range after 3 months’ treatment.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of peripheral neuropathy associated with CLPD-NK from Chinese. This rare lymphoproliferative disease should be considered if peripheral neuropathy combines with increased WBC or lymphocytes. Immunosuppressive drugs are the major treatment and most patients can achieve a good prognosis.
Cost analysis of an innovative eHealth program in Nigeria: a case study of the vaccine direct delivery system
Authors: Sato Ryoko , Metiboba Loveth , Galadanchi Jamil Aliyu , Adeniran Mohammed-Faosy , Hassan Sadiq Haruna , Akpan David , Odogwu Juliet , Fashoto Busayo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Vaccine stockout is a severe problem in Africa, including Nigeria, which could have an adverse effect on vaccination coverage and even health outcomes among the population. The Vaccine Direct Delivery (VDD) program was introduced to manage vaccine stockouts using eHealth technology. This study conducts a cost analysis of the VDD program and calculates the incremental costs of reaching an additional child for vaccination through the VDD program.

Methods
We used the expense reports from eHealth Africa, an NGO which implemented the VDD program, to calculate the VDD program’s overall operating costs. We also used the findings from the literature to translate the effect of VDD on the reduction of vaccine stockouts into its effect on the increase in vaccination coverage. We calculated the incremental costs of reaching an additional child for vaccination through the VDD program.

Results
We calculated that implementing the VDD program cost USD10,555 monthly for the 42 months that the VDD program was operating in Bauchi state. This figure translates to an incremental cost of USD20.6 to reach one additional child for vaccination.

Discussion/Conclusions
Our study is one of the first to conduct a cost analysis of eHealth technology in Africa. The incremental cost of USD20.6 was within the range of other interventions that intended to increase vaccine uptake in low- and middle-income countries. The VDD program is a promising technology to substantially reduce vaccine stockout, leading to a reduction of over 55% at a reasonable cost, representing 26% of the total budget for routine immunization activities in Bauchi state. However, there is no comparable costing study that evaluates the cost of a supply chain strengthening intervention. Future studies should investigate further the feasibility of eHealth technology, as well as how to minimize its costs of implementation while keeping the efficacy of the program.
Is gambling like a virus?: A conceptual framework and proposals based on empirical data for the prevention of gambling addiction
Authors: Chóliz Mariano 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to present a conceptual framework for the prevention of gambling disorder and try to corroborate some of its postulates. The assumption of gambling as if it were acting like a virus may have important considerations in terms of preventing gambling disorder in society and, therefore, it could be a relevant public health issue.

Background
Like COVID-19, gambling disorder is a disease which is caused by the action of an external agent. The external agent was already in existence, but certain environmental conditions (absence of regulatory measures based on the prevention of gambling disorder) favored its propagation. Regarding immunization, for SARS-CoV-2, it is obtained through vaccination and prevention of exposure. However, it is unlikely that immunization can be developed for any gambling addiction prevention program to immunize everyone who is exposed to the “gambling virus”. So, in the case of gambling disorder, preventive strategies should rather prevent gambling from affecting most people by limiting availability (supply) and accessibility (ease of access) to gambling.

Study design
This research is a quasi-experimental investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-COVID measures on the frequency of gambling and evolution of gambling disorder. The present study analyzed gambling patterns and the problems caused by gambling in 2,903 people, including those who were at-risk gamblers or had a gambling disorder.

Results
In general terms, restrictive measures to combat COVID-19 worked to prevent the consolidation of gambling habits and the appearance of gambling disorder, but they did not seem to be sufficient for people who already had this disorder. The most affected games were electronic games machines (EGMs) that took place in public places (gambling halls, bars and restaurants, etc.).

Conclusions
The findings of this work support the hypothesis that, just as the SAR-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19, which can only be stopped with vaccines and social distancing, in the case of gambling, the absence of an effective vaccine for "gambling virus" can lead to an epidemic of gambling disorders in societies, if the environmental conditions that are favorable for the spread of such virus are not modified. Some preventive strategies that can be useful from a public health frame of reference are suggested.