bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in dietary habits and weight status during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with socioeconomic status among Iranians adults
Authors: Maharat Maryam , Sajjadi Seyedeh Forough , Moosavian Seyedeh Parisa 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has impacted human health through sudden lifestyle changes, including isolation at home, and social distancing. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits, weight status, and their associations with socioeconomic status.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using an online structured questionnaire that inquired demographic, anthropometric (reported weight and height); dietary habits (weekly intake of certain foods); and dietary supplement intake information.ResultsA total of 1,187 participants completed the questionnaire, and after validation of the data, 1,106 respondents were included in the study, with a mean age of 34.5 ± 9.4 years. Our findings showed that the body mass index (BMI) of the participants significantly increased during COVID-19 (P &lt; 0.001). Also, there were significant changes in the intake of a variety of food and beverage during the COVID-19, including less consumption of milk, yogurt, red meat, fish, canned fish, homemade fast foods, take out fast foods, carbonated drinks, and more consumption of whole bread, legumes (chickpeas, lentil, peas, kidney beans, black beans, pinto beans, and navy beans), soy bean, nuts, seeds, high vitamin C vegetables, high vitamin C fruits, green-yellow fruits and vegetables, onion/garlic, dried fruits, natural fruit juices, and water (P &lt; 0.001; for all). It is informed that individuals consumed more vitamin and mineral supplements (P &lt; 0.001). Also, before and during COVID-19 pandemic weekly intakes of dairy, red meat, poultry, high vitamin C fruits, and whole bread were positively associated with socioeconomic status (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionOverall, this study indicates changes in body weight, dietary habits and supplement intake during the pandemic. Therefore, the findings of this study are valuable for, health professionals and politicians to better public health practice and policy making.
Climate and health education: A critical review at one medical school
Authors: Greenwald Lucy , Blanchard Olivia , Hayden Colleen , Sheffield Perry 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAs medical schools continue to improve and refine their undergraduate curricula, they are also redefining the roadmap for preparing future generations of physicians. Climate change is a critical topic to integrate into medical education. This period of change for undergraduate medical education coincides with a surge in interest and design efforts for climate and health curricula in health professional education, but this nascent field has yet to be solidly institutionalized. To continue to grow the number of medical students who achieve competency in the effects of climate change on individual health and the health of the planet during their training, we must examine what has worked to date and continue to shift our approach as curricular changes are implemented for feasibility and relevancy.Objective and methodsIn the present study, we assessed the “climate and health” content at one northeastern U.S. medical school that is undergoing an overhaul of their entire curriculum to explore strategies to deliver more robust climate health education in the context of the educational redesign. We conducted 1) a retrospective review of the now four-year-old initiative to investigate the sustainability of the original content, and 2) semi-structured interviews with lecturers, course directors, and medical education coordinators involved in implementation, and with faculty tasked with developing the upcoming curricular redesign.Results and discussionOf the original implementation plan, the content was still present in nine of the 14 lectures. Themes determined from our conversations with involved faculty included the need for 1) a shared vision throughout the content arc, 2) further professional development for faculty, and 3) involvement of summative assessment for students and the content itself to ensure longevity. The interviews also highlighted the importance of developing climate-specific resources that fit within the school's new curricular priorities. This critical review can serve as a case study in curriculum to inform other schools undergoing similar changes.
UAV hyperspectral imaging for multiscale assessment of Landsat 9 snow grain size and albedo
Authors: Skiles S. McKenzie , Donahue Christopher P. , Hunsaker Adam G. , Jacobs Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2023

Snow albedo, a measure of the amount of solar radiation that is reflected at the snow surface, plays a critical role in Earth’s climate and in regional hydrology because it is a primary driver of snowmelt timing. Satellite multi-spectral remote sensing provides a multi-decade record of land surface reflectance, from which snow albedo can be retrieved. However, this observational record is challenging to assess because discrete in situ observations are not well suited for validation of snow properties at the spatial resolution of satellites (tens to hundreds of meters). For example, snow grain size, a primary driver of snow albedo, can vary at the sub-meter scale driven by changes in aspect, elevation, and vegetation. Here, we present a new uncrewed aerial vehicle hyperspectral imaging (UAV-HSI) method for mapping snow surface properties at high resolution (20 cm). A Resonon near-infrared HSI was flown on a DJI Matrice 600 Pro over the meadow encompassing Swamp Angel Study Plot in Senator Beck Basin, Colorado. Using a radiative transfer forward modeling approach, effective snow grain size and albedo maps were produced from measured surface reflectance. Coincident ground observations were used for validation; relative to retrievals from a field spectrometer the mean grain size difference was 2 μm, with an RMSE of 12 μm, and the mean broadband albedo was within 1% of that measured near the center of the flight area. Even though the snow surface was visually homogenous, the maps showed spatial variability and coherent patterns in the freshly fallen snow. To demonstrate the potential for UAV-HSI to be used to improve validation of satellite retrievals, the high-resolution maps were used to assess grain size and albedo retrievals, and subpixel variability, across 17 Landsat 9 OLI pixels from a satellite overpass with similar conditions two days following the flight. Although Landsat 9 did not capture the same range of values and spatial variability as the UAV-HSI, on average the comparison showed good agreement, with a mean grain size difference of 9 μm and the same broadband albedo (86%).
Will the adjustment of insertional pedicle screw positions affect the risk of adjacent segment diseases biomechanically? An in-silico study
Authors: Huang Chenyi , Liu Zongchao , Wei Zhangchao , Fang Zhongxin , Xi Zhipeng , Cai Ping , Li Jingchi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe fixation-induced biomechanical deterioration will increase the risk of adjacent segment diseases (ASD) after lumbar interbody fusion with Bilateral pedicle screw (BPS) fixation. The accurate adjustment of insertional pedicle screw positions is possible, and published studies have reported its mechanical effects. However, no studies clarified that adjusting insertional screw positions would affect the postoperative biomechanical environment and the risk of ASD. The objective of this study was to identify this issue and provide theoretical references for the optimization of insertional pedicle screw position selections.MethodsThe oblique lumbar interbody fusion fixed by BPS with different insertional positions has been simulated in the L4-L5 segment of our previously constructed and validated lumbosacral model. Biomechanical indicators related to ASD have been computed and recorded under flexion, extension, bending, and axial rotation loading conditions.ResultsThe change of screw insertional positions has more apparent biomechanical effects on the cranial than the caudal segment. Positive collections can be observed between the reduction of the fixation length and the alleviation of motility compensation and stress concentration on facet cartilages. By contrast, no pronounced tendency of stress distribution on the intervertebral discs can be observed with the change of screw positions.ConclusionsReducing the fixation stiffness by adjusting the insertional screw positions could alleviate the biomechanical deterioration and be an effective method to reduce the risk of ASD caused by BPS.
Perpendicular implantation of porcine trachea extracellular matrix for enhanced xenogeneic scaffold surface epithelialization in a canine model
Authors: Kato Ayumu , Go Tetsuhiko , Otsuki Yasuhiro , Yokota Naoya , Soo Chang Sung , Misaki Noriyuki , Yajima Toshiki , Yokomise Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe availability of clinically applied medical materials in thoracic surgery remains insufficient, especially materials for treating tracheal defects. Herein, the potential of porcine extracellular matrix (P-ECM) as a new airway reconstruction material was explored by xenotransplanting it into a canine trachea.MethodsP-ECM was first transplanted into the buttocks of Narc Beagle dogs (n = 3) and its overall immuno-induced effects were evaluated. Subsequently, nine dogs underwent surgery to create a tracheal defect that was 1 × 2 cm. In group A, the P-ECM was implanted parallel to the tracheal axis (n = 3), whereas in group B the P-ECM was implanted perpendicular to the tracheal axis (n = 6). The grafts were periodically observed by bronchoscopy and evaluated postoperatively at 1 and 3 months through macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Immunosuppressants were not administered. Statistical evaluation was performed for Bronchoscopic stenosis rate, graft epithelialization rate, shrinkage rate and ECM live-implantation rate.ResultsNo sign of P-ECM rejection was observed after its implantation in the buttocks. Bronchoscopic findings showed no improvement concerning stenosis in group A until 3 months after surgery; epithelialization of the graft site was not evident, and the ECM site appeared scarred and faded. In contrast, stenosis gradually improved in group B, with continuous epithelium within the host tissues and P-ECM. Histologically, the graft site contracted longitudinally and no epithelialization was observed in group A, whereas full epithelialization was observed on the P-ECM in group B. No sign of cartilage regeneration was confirmed in both groups. No statistically significant differences were found in bronchoscopic stenosis rate, shrinkage rate and ECM live-implantation rate, but graft epithelialization rate showed a statistically significant difference (G-A; sporadic (25%) 3, vs. G-B; full covered (100%) 3; p = 0.047).ConclusionsP-ECM can support full re-epithelialization without chondrocyte regeneration, with perpendicular implantation facilitating epithelialization of the ECM. Our results showed that our decellularized tracheal matrix holds clinical potential as a biological xenogeneic material for airway defect repair.
Comparison between a fitness tracker (EquimetreTM) and standard base-apex electrocardiography in dromedary camels
Authors: Al Khamis Taleb , Shawaf Turke , Almubarak Adel , Al-Ali Mohammed Ali 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPersonalized healthcare technology has grown explosively through the use of portable and smart monitoring devices for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the practicality and usability of the EquimetreTM fitness tracker on camels in comparison to the standard base-apex system in normal and clinical cases.MethodsFive apparently healthy adult camels, five clinical adult cases and two clinical calves were enrolled in this study. The camels were equipped with two monitoring systems: EquimetreTM and a standard base-apex electrocardiogarphy. Each tracing was evaluated for the normal ECG variable's measure, including heart rate beats per min, P-R, QRS, R-R, Q-T, S-T intervals, and P-R and S-T segments in seconds. The amplitudes for P, Q, R, S, and T-peaks were evaluated in millivolts.ResultsEquimetreTM showed stability on ECG tracing with less movement artifacts compared with the standard base-apex system. Different polarities were observed for the P-waves and T-waves between the standard base-apex system and EquimetreTM. Both devices showed perfect agreement for heart rate (ICC = 1.00, P ≥ 0.0001, 95% = 1.00–1.00) in healthy and clinical adults. A good correlation was observed for the R-R interval between the devices in healthy and clinical adults. A moderate correlation was observed between the devices for Q-peak in clinical adults, with no correlation in clinical calves.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated acceptable ECG measurements between the standard base-apex and EquimetreTM device. This suggests that EquimetreTM could be a useful device in camels for initial electrocardiographic examinations in remote areas such as deserts.
Changements agraires et mutations socio-spatiales dans la péninsule Ibérique depuis 1945
Authors: Drain Michel 
Published: January 2023

Agrarian changes and socio-spatial mutations in the iberian peninsula since 1945.
After the Second World War, Spain and Portugal were poor countries whose economies were dominated by agriculture. But the fundamental elements of their economies were different and partly explain the different orientations of their economic policies, despite ideological similarities. While the Spanish government gave great importance to agriculture, the Portuguese government sacrified agriculture but prevented a rural exodus. From then on, and although there were historical and geographical similarities, the two agricultures took different directions. Despite similar political changes which have taken place since 1975 and the simultaneous integration of the two states into the European Community, the rural spaces and societies, as well as the agricultural economies of Spain and Portugal show great differences which are reflected in the different nature of the problems of integration faced by the two states.
Territorialité et fonctions des villages de vacances du tourisme social en Aquitaine : une méthode d'évaluation
Authors: Greffier Luc 
Published: January 2023

Territorialidad y funciones de los pueblos de vacaciones del turismo social en Aquitania : un método de evaluación.
Este artículo expone un método de análisis de los impactos teritoriales de cuatro pueblos de vacaciones de turismo social en Aquitania. Utiliza el modelo de la formación socio-espacial y se esfueza por pasar de una evaluación cualitativa a una interpretación cantitativa de los datos recogidos. Los resultados muestran que detrás de la denominación turismo social se esconden realidades muy diferentes. Por un lado, se distinguen pueblos de vacaciones que buscan una integración territorial, y que tratan a sus usuarios como verdaderos viajeros interesados por un aporte cultural y por el descubrimiento. Por otro lado se perfilan centros de vacaciones que se contentan con vender productos turísticos y que consideran a sus veraneantes como simples clientes.
DINAMIKA INSTITUSIONAL DALAM IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR AKUNTANSI ENTITAS NIRLABA PADA MASJID
Authors: Qadri Resi Ariyasa 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami lebih jauh mengenai dinamika yang terjadi terkait implementasi standar akuntansi keuangan untuk entitas nirlaba sebagai dasar penyusunan laporan keuangan pada masjid yang berada dibawah naungan yayasan. Yang menjadi fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengupas upaya yang dilakukan seorang aktor yang hendak menerapkan praktik baru dalam organisasi tempat dia bernaung dengan menjelaskan tentang tekanan eksternal apa saja yang melatarbelakangi usahanya, apa motif utama dari tindakan aktor tersebut, serta cara dia mempengaruhi kebijakan organisasi. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah observasi partisipan selama kurun waktu Oktober 2018 s.d. Maret 2019 dan wawancara tidak terstruktur terhadap beberapa informan yang terlibat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Teori institutional work digunakan sebagai theoretical lens untuk memotret fenomena yang terjadi dalam rangka memenuhi fokus penelitian. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini berhasil mengungkap fakta mengenai terjadinya tekanan koersif dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan masjid serta praktik advocacy, educating, dan mimicry yang dilakukan oleh aktor utama yang mengusung implementasi standar akuntansi entitas nirlaba dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan masjid. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan bagi para pengurus masjid maupun entitas nirlaba lainnya untuk mengetahui tentang langkah dan praktik penerapan standar akuntansi entitas nirlaba pada pelaporan keuangan masjid.
Thermal stress analysis in die-attached β-Ga2O3 using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Uchida Tomoyuki , Sugie Ryuichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We determine the stress deformation potentials using micro-Raman spectroscopy and evaluate thermal stress in a (−201) plane β-Ga2O3 mounted on a Cu plate with a Pb-free solder. We conduct four-point bending tests and thermomechanical experiments to experimentally determine the stress deformation potentials of Ag(4), Ag(5) and Ag(6) modes. Based on experimental results, we estimate the suitable phonon modes for evaluating the stress, and we apply confocal Raman measurements to a β-Ga2O3 chip mounted on a Cu plate with a Pb-free solder. In accordance with the theoretical relation between the phonon frequency shifts and the stress, we obtain the stress components in the (−201) plane β-Ga2O3 using the peak frequency shift of Ag(4) and Ag(5) modes. The stress components in the (−201) plane is almost same, regardless of the thermal expansion anisotropy of β-Ga2O3, and the results are consistent with those of the finite element method.
Analysis of surface acoustic wave resonance properties on piezoelectric substrates with periodic voids
Authors: Suzuki Takashi , Suzuki Masashi , Kakio Shoji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The resonance properties of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) and longitudinal LSAWs (LLSAWs) on bonded structures consisting of a LiNbO3 (LN) thin plate and a support substrate, with periodic voids exhibiting a rectangular cross-section, were simulated using the finite element method. The voids were formed below the electrode at the boundary between the LN thin plate and support substrate and presented the same pitch and period as the electrode. LN, quartz, glass, or Si were used as support substrates. Simulations revealed that by introducing periodic voids, resonance properties similar to those of the SH0-mode plate and S0-mode Lamb waves can be obtained. The values of the simulated fractional bandwidths of approximately 13 and 18% were found for LSAW and LLSAW, respectively, when the ratio of the width of the void to the pitch of the electrode was 0.7.
Experimental demonstration of spreading resistance effect in a miniaturized bileg thermoelectric generator
Authors: Tomita Motohiro , Kashizaki Tsubasa , Hoshina Takumi , Kurosaki Ayami , Arai Shuhei , Matsuki Takeo , Watanabe Takanobu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of the spreading resistance on the bileg thermoelectric generator (TEG) performance was experimentally evaluated. In planar bileg-TEGs, the width ratio of the p- and n-type legs should be carefully selected to compensate for the impedance mismatch between them and to maximize thermoelectric power generated from a unit area. In the bileg-TEG at the μm-scale, the electrical resistance becomes larger than a simple estimate using lumped parameter circuit model, which is caused by the spreading resistance; when a current flows from a narrower leg to a wider leg. A distance of greater than about 10 μm is required to distribute the electric current over the entire region of the wider leg. At shorter leg lengths, it is better to align the widths of p- and n-legs to maximize the areal power density of TEG. Decreasing the electrical resistance of the wiring between the p- and n-legs is also effective in enhancing the performance of the miniaturized TEG. The width of the p- and n-type legs in the bileg-TEG at the μm-scale should be carefully selected.
Electrical properties of N-polar Si-doped GaN prepared by pulsed sputtering
Authors: Ueno Kohei , Masuda Yusuke , Kobayashi Atsushi , Fujioka Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We have demonstrated the homoepitaxial growth of N-polar GaN and its Si doping by pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD). Enhanced surface migration by a pulsed supply of precursors enabled the step-flow growth on N-polar GaN bulk substrates even with small miscut angles. The relationship between electron concentration and mobility in N-polar GaN follows the Caughey–Thomas relationship for Ga-polar GaN, which indicates PSD N-polar GaN has a low concentration of scattering centers. N-polar heavily Si-doped GaN film yielded a record-low resistivity of 1.6 × 10−4 Ωcm with an electron concentration of 3.6 × 1020 cm−3 and mobility of 109 cm2V−1s−1, comparable to the best data for Ga-polar GaN. The high electron mobility can be attributed to the reduced concentration of compensating acceptors, which is also consistent with its optical measurements. Moreover, optical measurements show that the Burstein–Moss effect raises the Fermi level by 0.2 eV. These results show that heavily Si-doped N-polar GaN prepared by pulsed sputtering is promising for future applications such as the source/drain of high-performance N-polar GaN HEMTs.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Quizizz Sebagai Upaya Mengenalkan Tata Krama Dan Sopan Santun Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Islami Fajriati , Rohita Rohita 
Published: January 2023

Tata krama dan sopan santun menjadi hal yang perlu mendapat perhatian terutama di masa pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di era digitalisasi. Kondisi pandemi menyebabkan ketiadaan kesempatan yang cukup bagi anak untuk mempelajari tata krama dan sopan santun melalui interaksi secara langsung. Tingginya interaksi anak dengan gadget, juga dikhawatirkan akan berdampak pada perilaku-perilaku negatif yang dapat muncul pada saat anak berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar keluarganya. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengenalkan anak mengenai tata krama dan sopan santun dengan memanfaatkan mediaquizizz. Kegiatan diikuti oleh orang tua yang mempunyai anak usia 5-6 tahun berjumlah 10 orang tua, dengan bentuk kegiatan berupa sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa setelah orangtua mengenalkan tata krama dan sopan santun kepada anak, terlihat anak mampu mengaplikasikan tata krama dalam kesehariannya seperti megucapkan terima kasih jika menerima sesuatu, mengucapkan kata maaf jika melakukan kesalahan yang di sengaja atau tidak sengaja, mengucapkan kata permisi serta mengucapkan kata tolong jika ingin meminta bantuan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa media quizizz dapat digunakan untuk mengenalkan tata krama dan sopan santun kepada anak usia 5-6 tahun.