bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life and suicidal ideation in wives of men with alcohol dependence
Authors: Patkar Prajakta , Walia Tejvir Singh , Singh Ichpreet , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel , Diwan Chetan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Addiction to alcohol not only affects the quality of life of the individual abusing it but also of the people living with them. Enormous research has been done on various aspects of alcoholism, but the lives of their caretakers are always considered secondary by society and researchers alike. Very few studies have been done on wives of alcoholic men in the Indian settings.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the quality of life and suicide ideation in wives of men with alcohol dependence.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. A study group of 50 wives of men with alcohol dependence were included in the study along with an age-matched control group of 50 wives of nonalcoholic men without any medical comorbidities. They were assessed by the perceived quality of life scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-revised and the results were then correlated.

Results:
Results revealed poorer perceived quality of life in the study group than in controls. The wives of alcoholic men scored significantly more on depression as compared to control group but not on anxiety. Suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly more common in wives of men dependent on alcohol.

Conclusion:
Alcohol dependence in the husbands is associated with poorer quality of life and higher levels of depression and suicidal ideation in their wives.
Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients and comparison with healthy individuals
Authors: Khan Aslam , Pooja V. , Chaudhury Suprakash , Bhatt Varsha , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disabling condition that results in considerable suffering and negatively impacts an individual's psychological, financial, social, and quality of life (QoL). Pain, fatigue, and disabilities, which may be considered as stress factors, are common challenges that may subsequently lead to psychological distress.

Aim:
Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and QoL in RA patients and Comparison with healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional analytical study included 50 RA patients who have reported to a tertiary health care center on outpatient basis and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. The study was conducted after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed consent of the participants. Patients were assessed based on Disease Activity Score incorporating erythrocyte sedimentation rates, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DAS21), Health Assessment questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale, and Multidimensional scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results:
Levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with RA were significantly higher as compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RA patients had significantly lower scores on total social support, as well as social support of family and friends. However, there was no difference between RA patients and healthy controls on social support from significant others.

Conclusion:
Patients with RA had significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress and significantly lower levels of social support compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The therapeutic implications of these findings need further evaluation.
Is Systemic Heparinization Beneficial in Arteriovenous Fistula Surgery? - Our Experience
Authors: Chakrabarti Amitabha , Bandyopadhyay Manujesh , Chakraborty Unmesh 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most preferred means to achieve vascular access for hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease patients. Systemic heparinization during surgery is a well-established practice to prevent thrombosis and maintain graft patency.

Patients and Methods:
All patients who underwent AVF surgery between November 2015 and October 2021 were evaluated. Systemic heparinization was deliberately avoided. They were followed up at 1 week and 4 weeks post-procedure.

Results:
Two hundred and fifty-six patients were reviewed. One hundred and fifty-one (58.98%) radiocephalic AVF were created while 105 (41.02%) had brachial-antecubital AVF. The mean duration of surgery was 54.5 ± 7.2 minutes while that of clamp time of artery was 16.3 ± 9.7 minutes. Two hundred and forty-seven (96.5%) had palpable thrill or bruit could be auscultated immediately after surgery. It remained the same after 1 week. Graft thrombosis was 3.5%. Eight (3.12%) did not have any thrill or bruit, and were concluded to have graft thrombosis when assessed at 4 weeks. Four patients (1.56%) needed repeat procedures, while seven (2.7%) had hematoma and two (0.7%) had infection. Statistical analysis showed all observed values to be significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This analysis revealed, systemic heparinization did not have any additional benefit on maintaining graft patency and preventing thrombosis. Their incidence was, in fact, much lower than that proven in standard literature and previous studies. Preventing adverse effects like hemorrhage is beneficial too. Larger studies are required to establish whether systemic heparin use is at all necessary in AVF surgery.
Specialist Embalming of Burnt Bodies in Nigeria using Porcine Analogues
Authors: Onyejike Darlington Nnamdi , Akukwu Darlington Cyprain , Idoniboye-Obu Soibitom Rossel , Onyejike Ifeoma Miracle , Agulanna Ambrose Echefulachi , Obiesie Ifechukwu Justicia , Aguwa Ugochukwu Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Embalming of burnt bodies requires special attention. It also requires the restoration of distorted body structures. The difficulty in embalming burnt decomposing bodies in Anambra state, Nigeria led to this investigation; and hence, this pilot study provided suitable embalming methodology and fluid required to arrest early bloat stage of decomposition of burnt bodies using porcine models (Sus scrofa domestica).

Materials and Methods:
Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early bloat stage of decomposition before embalming. The outcome of embalming was scored and recorded as post-embalming body score (PBS). A Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between the outcome of embalming and independent variables (embalming fluid volume, duration of embalming, atmospheric temperature, room temperature, and humidity).

Results:
The results showed that the independent variables that statistically affected the outcome of embalming include duration of embalming, embalming fluid volume, and room temperature. The independent variables that did not statistically affect the outcome of embalming include humidity and atmospheric temperature.

Conclusion:
An embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, thymol, and water is suitable to arrest early decomposing burnt bodies via the arterial embalming technique, which is supplemented by hypodermic embalming technique.
Frozen section detected perineural spread in a grossly normal nerve away from tumor changes the surgical plan in parotid cancer
Authors: Murali T. V. , Deepa S. , Afzal A. , Antony Amal V. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Perineural spread (PNS) through the facial nerve is a well-recognized pathway of spread in parotid cancers. Negative margins in the facial nerve are important in the total extirpation of cancer. We report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid which was involving only the upper temporofacial division of the facial nerve at the periphery clinically and per-operatively. The upper trunk was divided at about 3cm away from the tumor at its junction with the lower trunk and the nerve was grossly normal. To our surprise disease was extending at this distance as a PNS in the frozen section analysis. This unexpected finding made the resection margin positive and we had to sacrifice the main trunk of the facial nerve as back as possible in the parotidectomy field for a negative margin in the nerve which was confirmed with frozen section again. The case emphasizes the importance of microscopic margin assessment of facial nerve in parotid cancers with the involvement of nerve at branches, even if imaging is negative or gross disease is not seen at the cut end or distant from the tumor-involved area.
Treatment outcomes in poor metabolizers of cytochrome P450 2A6 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head- and neck-squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Aggarwal Deepa , Singh Sudhir , Ali Mohammad , Singh Abhay , Srivastava Kirti , Gupta Rajeev , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma , Devi Seema 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Human Cytochrome 2A6 (CYP2A6) is involved in the oxidative metabolism of the nicotine to the inactive cotinine. CYP2A6 is a primary enzyme in nicotine metabolism, the enzyme has been proposed as a novel target for smoking cessation.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 70 male patients of locally advanced head- and neck-squamous cell carcinoma confirmed by histopathological examination were enrolled in this study. All patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (total dose of 70 Gray in 35 fractions in 7 weeks with concurrent tablet capecitabine 1250 mg/m2/day). Response assessment was based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumor criteria. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from the whole blood of all patients by TRI REAGENT BD (SIGMA USA) followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay which was done in studying messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Excision Repair Cross Complementation Group 1 in blood lymphocytes of patient.

Results:
The most common stage prevalent was Stage IV A in 28 (56%) patients followed by Stage III in 16 (32%) patients. Out of 70, 20 (28.6%) patients defaulted for treatment, so the analysis was done in 56 patients. A total of 19 (34%) patients had a complete response (CR) and 17 (30%) patients had no response. In all the patients who had CR, posttreatment relative quantification (RQ) expression levels were high. Among nonresponders only three had higher RQ folds and the rest 14 had lower RQ folds.

Conclusion:
Posttreatment expression levels of CYP2A6 were found to be a better predictor for tumor response to the treatment than the pretreatment expression levels. Almost all the patients having higher RQ folds had CR and those having lower RQ folds had either no response or progressive disease on follow-up visits.
Are olfactory and gustatory symptoms useful at predicting disease severity markers in COVID-19 infection?
Authors: Falaki Mojgan , Abdi Saeed , Shafiei Shervin , Moslemi Mohammadreza , Nobar Behrad Rahbani , Tabrizi Reza , Mohammadikhah Meysam , Moslemi Hamidreza 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
The relationship between olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) and COVID-19 infection severity is still unclear.

Aim:
To investigate the correlation between OGD in COVID-19-infected individuals and RT-PCR results, chest CT scan abnormality, lymphocyte counts, hospital admission units, age, body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation.

Setting and Design:
Case–control study.

Materials and Methods:
The sample was composed of laboratory and chest X-ray confirmed COVID-19-infected patients from four hospitals. The patients were divided into case and control groups based on the presence of OGD symptoms. The predictor variable was OGD. The outcome variable was gender, hospital admission unit, chest CT scan abnormality, PCR, lymphocyte counts, age, body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Bivariate statistics were computed and the P value was set at 0.05.

Results:
The sample consisted of 189 patients. Smell and taste disorders were found in 31.7% and 24.3% of patients, respectively. OGD was significantly correlated with positive PCR results (P < 0.001) and general unit admission (P < 0.05) during hospitalization. Additionally, patients with OGD had significantly lower mean age (P < 0.001), higher body temperature (P < 0.01), and blood oxygen saturation (P < 0.01). However, OGD was not correlated with gender, chest CT scan abnormality, or lymphocyte counts (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
OGD symptoms can be used to detect COVID-19-infected patients. OGD can be used to predict less severe disease mainly by its correlation with the less amount of hospital care, more negative PCR results, higher body temperature, and higher blood oxygen saturation.
Dredging
Authors: Patel Hiral , Bhatt Utsav , Anchlia Sonal , Dhuvad Jigar , Mansuri Zaki , Rajpoot Dewanshi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Treatment modalities of odontogenic cystic lesions of the jaws range from conservative to radical. “Dredging” may be considered the “middle path” between conservative and radical treatment options. It comprises three entities—decompression, followed by repeated scraping of the lesion, and finally, peripheral ostectomy providing margin clearance but without significant morbidity.

Aim:
To evaluate the outcome of “dredging” in the management of large cystic lesions of the jaws, without major resections and maintaining normal functions.

Methodology:
This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients. Inclusion criteria were odontogenic cystic lesions at least 2 cm in size either in the proximity of vital structures or in children with developing tooth germs or so large that upon enucleation, can result in pathological fracture. All underwent decompression followed by dredging performed at every 2 to 3 months intervals.

Results:
Drastic decrease in size of the lesion as measured on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and new bone formation was evident in all patients. The total Reduction Rate (RR) of the cystic lesions was 88.79% in 9.2 months. RR was highest in Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst (CEOC) followed by Unicystic Ameloblastoma (UA), Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKC), Dentigerous cyst (DC), and Radicular Cyst (RC) in CBCT. The mean speed of shrinkage was fastest in CEOC, followed by OKC, UA, RC, and DC after dredging. Shrinkage was higher in patients below 20 years of age (P 0.012) and patients with large cystic lesions (P 0.00447).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that dredging with regular, long-term follow-up can be a successful treatment method for large cystic lesions in young adults. This method includes the benefits of both conservative and radical treatment methods but lacks the disadvantages of either.
Evaluation of efficacy 3Dimensional 4-hole trapezoid condyle plate for treatment of base of condyle fracture
Authors: Paul Roger , Suvvada Bharathi , Polomarasetty Prasanna , Thumu Sai kumar , Santosh P. V. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of open reduction and internal fixation of the base of condyle using a 3D 4-hole trapezoid condyle plate (4-HTCP).

Materials and Methods:
A group of 25 subjects of an age range of 21-52 years (mean 32.7 ± 8.7 years) were treated of which, 7(28%) were female and 18 (72%), were male. All the patients were examined according to standard protocol. A retromandibular approach was used in all the patients.

Results:
The time taken for operating on the condyle alone was recorded it was between 30 minutes to one hour in 5 (20%) patients, between one-two hours in 19 (76%) patients and greater than two hours in 1 (4%) patient. Time taken from reduction of fracture to placement of the last screw was recorded. In 15 (60%) patients the time taken was less than ten minutes, in 10 (40%) patients the time taken ranged from 10-15 minutes. 6 (24%) patients needed additional exposure to facilitate the procedure. Postoperatively all the patients were followed up for a minimum of 9 months and a maximum of 30 months (mean 19.5 ± 5.87 months). The range of mandibular movements was satisfactory. The maximum incisal opening was in the range of 25-37 mm (mean- 31.4 ± 3.38 mm)on the first post-operative day. 31.4 ± 3.4 mm 6 weeks postoperatively, 43.8 ± 4.3 mm 3 months postoperatively, 46.7 ± 2.9 mm 6 months postoperatively and 49.7 ± 4.5 mm 9 months postoperatively. Taking into consideration the transient hypofunction of the facial nerve (8%) and TMJ disorder (8%) the aggregate complication rate in our study was 16%.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that 4HTCP is a reliable and rigid choice of osteosynthesis for the base of condyle fractures.
Exploring the Mosquito–Arbovirus Network: A Survey of Vector Competence Experiments
Authors: Chen Binqi , Sweeny Amy R. , Wu Velen Y. , Christofferson Rebecca C. , Ebel Gregory , Fagre Anna C. , Gallichotte Emily , Kading Rebekah C. , Ryan Sadie J. , Carlson Colin J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Arboviruses receive heightened research attention during major outbreaks or when they cause unusual or severe clinical disease, but they are otherwise undercharacterized. Global change is also accelerating the emergence and spread of arboviral diseases, leading to time-sensitive questions about potential interactions between viruses and novel vectors. Vector competence experiments help determine the susceptibility of certain arthropods to a given arbovirus, but these experiments are often conducted in real time during outbreaks, rather than with preparedness in mind. We conducted a systematic review of reported mosquito–arbovirus competence experiments, screening 570 abstracts to arrive at 265 studies testing in vivo arboviral competence. We found that more than 90% of potential mosquito–virus combinations are untested in experimental settings and that entire regions and their corresponding vectors and viruses are undersampled. These knowledge gaps stymie outbreak response and limit attempts to both build and validate predictive models of the vector–virus network.
Completeness and Factors Affecting Community Workers’ Reporting of Births and Deaths in the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action in Mozambique
Authors: Kante Almamy M. , Mulungo Azarias , Ibraimo Mussagy , Akum Aveika , Titus Nordino , Adriano Antonio , Van Dyk Fred , Macicame Ivalda , Black Robert E. , Amouzou Agbessi , _ _ 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Since March 2018, the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action project, implemented as a national sample registration system by the Mozambique Instituto Nacional de Saude and the Instituto Nacional de Estatistica in 700 geographic clusters randomly distributed across the 11 provinces, has trained and deployed community surveillance agents (CSAs) to report births and deaths in each cluster prospectively. An independent, retrospective data collection was conducted to assess the completeness of surveillance data. Record linkage procedures were used to match households and vital events reported in the two data sources. We calculated birth and death reporting rates and used a regression model to determine factors associated with the likelihood of vital events being reported by the CSAs. Between March 2018 and December 2019, CSAs reported 54% of births (8,787/16,421) and 45% of deaths (1,726/3,867). Births of smaller cluster sizes (< 1,000 people) were more likely to be reported (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.15–1.83) compared with those of larger cluster sizes (> 1,500 people). Deaths of rural clusters were more likely to be reported (aOR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.07–1.85) than those of urban clusters. Adult deaths were more likely to be reported (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.10–2.02) than child deaths. Our findings suggest that a fully functioning sample vital registration system must adopt a dual system with high-quality surveys or other ways to estimate underregistration periodically, consider a smaller cluster size manageable by a community worker, and pay special attention to urban clusters as underreporting is larger.
Treponemal Antibody Seroprevalence Using a Multiplex Bead Assay from Samples Collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey: Searching for Yaws in Nigeria
Authors: Guagliardo Sarah Anne J. , Parameswaran Nishanth , Agala Ndidi , Abubakar Ado , Cooley Gretchen , Ye Tun , Kamb Mary , Mba Nwando , William Nwachukwu , Greby Stacie , Iriemenam Nnaemeka , Alagi Matthias , Okoye McPaul , Martin Diana 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Yaws is a chronic, relapsing disease of skin, bone, and cartilage caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. Yaws was last reported in Nigeria in 1996, although neighboring countries have recently reported cases. We investigated serological evidence for yaws among children aged 0–14 years in Nigeria by measuring antibodies to the treponemal antigens rp17 and TmpA in blood specimens from a 2018 nationally representative HIV survey using a multiplex bead assay. The presence of antibodies to both antigens (“double positive”) likely reflects current or recent treponemal infection. Overall, 1.9% (610/31,549) of children had anti-TmpA antibodies, 1.5% (476/31,549) had anti-rp17 antibodies, and 0.1% (39/31,549) were double positive. Among households, 0.5% (84/18,021) had a double-positive child, with a clustering of double-positive children. Although numbers are low, identification of antibodies to both TmpA and rp17 may warrant investigation, including more granular epidemiologic and clinical data, to assess the potential for continuing yaws transmission in Nigerian children.
Kuhnova Štruktúra vedeckých revolúcií medzi sociológiou a epistemológiou
Authors: Kvasz Ladislav 
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to further develop Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions. We propose to discriminate the notion of a scientific revolution, which is a sociological event of a change of attitude of the scientific community with respect to a particular theory and the concept of an epistemic rupture, which is a linguistic fact consisting of a discontinuity in the linguistic framework in which this theory is formulated. On the analysis of the changes of the linguistic framework we can obtain a classification of epistemic ruptures into four types that can be named as idealization, re-presentation, objectivization and re-formulation. In the paper, each of these four types of epistemic ruptures is illustrated by examples from the history of physics. This classification of epistemic ruptures can be used as a basis for a classification of scientific revolutions. The revolutions can be classified according to the epistemic ruptures that accompany them.
INVESTIGATING THE STUDENTS’ AND INSTRUCTORS’ VIEWPOINTS ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CURRICULUM OF THE PREPARATORY YEAR PROGRAM AT THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF ADEN
Authors: Alaskary Arwa Saleh Qasem 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the students’ and instructors’ viewpoints on the English Language curriculum of the preparatory year program at the faculty of engineering, University of Aden. A descriptive mixed-method design was employed for this study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. The former type of data was gathered via questionnaires administrated to (n=90) preparatory year students, and the latter was collected through individual interviews conducted with five EFL instructors. Both quantitative and qualitative data were subject to descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis respectively. The findings revealed that revision of the English language curriculum is necessarily needed (M= 3.03- 2.66) in terms of its content, teaching methods, course books, and assessment. The only dimension that was found to require significant improvements was the classroom environment (M=2.55). The findings also revealed that among the challenges EFL instructors encountered during the implementation of the ELC were the absence of facilities such as language labs, smart screens, and data shows. Moreover, the huge number of students in each class and the variety in students’ levels were critical problems that instructors faced.