bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Impact of Genetic Counseling on Adherence to the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics Health Supervision Guidelines for Children With Down Syndrome
Authors: Mainville Brooke , Flore Leigh Anne , Carmany Erin P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) health supervision guidelines for children with Down syndrome are important for preventative and symptom‐based care. Studies, however, have shown low overall adherence to these care recommendations due to a lack of provider familiarity, inaccessibility of a medical home, and caregiver burden. In a population of children with Down syndrome, using a retrospective chart review, we evaluated overall patient adherence to the medical components of the 2011 AAP guidelines, along with potential influencing factors, to determine if there was a difference in adherence between those who had genetic counseling and those who had not. Among 106 subjects meeting our study criteria, adherence rates were higher on average in six domains of health supervision (62% vs. 45%) in those that had genetic counseling compared with those that had not. Although adherence to supervision recommendations is likely impacted by numerous factors, genetic counseling may be one factor associated with increased adherence to medical recommendations for a pediatric population with Down syndrome. Encouraging caregivers of individuals with Down syndrome to undergo genetic counseling may lead to improved adherence to the health supervision guidelines.
Estimated pulse wave velocity associated with cognitive phenotypes in a rural older population in China: A cohort study
Authors: Li Jiahui , Ren Yifei , Wang Lidan , Zou Xinrui , Ding Xueran , Hou Tingting , Zhang Qinghua , Tang Shi , Han Xiaojuan , Song Lin , Liang Yajun , Wang Yongxiang , Cong Lin , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTo examine the longitudinal association between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and cognitive phenotypes in a rural Chinese older population.METHODSThis population‐based study included 1857 dementia‐free participants (age ≥60 years) who were examined in 2014 and followed in 2018. ePWV was calculated using age and mean blood pressure (MBP). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological tests. Dementia was diagnosed following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional‐hazards models, linear regression models, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves.RESULTSPer 1‐m/s increase in ePWV was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.51(1.30–1.75) for dementia and 1.58(1.33–1.89) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and with an MMSE score decline (adjusted β‐coefficient = −0.36; 95% CI = −0.52 to −0.21). A nonlinear association was observed between baseline ePWV and follow‐up cognitive scores.DISCUSSIONA higher ePWV is associated with an increased risk of dementia, AD, accelerated cognitive decline, and poorer cognitive performance in older adults.Highlights
An increased estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) was associated with incident dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and accelerated cognitive decline in a rural Chinese older population.
A higher ePWV at baseline was associated with lower scores of global cognition and multiple cognitive domains at the 4‐year follow‐up.
An increased ePWV may be a risk factor for dementia and accelerated cognitive deterioration in aging.
White matter hyperintensities and TDP‐43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Carlos Arenn F. , Weigand Stephen D. , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Dickson Dennis W. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGreater white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are seen with transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐TDP). WMH associations with TDP‐43 pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD‐TDP) remain unclear.METHODSA total of 157 participants from Mayo Clinic Rochester with autopsy‐confirmed AD, known TDP‐43 status, and antemortem fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI were included. Vascular risk factors were assessed. A semi‐automated WMH segmentation‐quantification process produced total and regional WMH volumes. Penalized linear regression models adjusting for age at MRI analyzed TDP‐43 associations (status and typing) with WMHs.RESULTSTDP‐43‐positive status was not associated with WMH burden overall because opposite effects were seen based on AD‐TDP typing. Despite similar antemortem vascular risk factors and postmortem vascular pathologies, AD‐TDP type‐α showed greater total and regional WMH burden (particularly in subcortical frontotemporal and basal ganglia regions) than TDP‐43 negatives and AD‐TDP type‐β.DISCUSSIONAD‐TDP types may have different WMH pathomechanisms, with type‐α having associations more like FTLD‐TDP than AD.Highlights
In transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD‐TDP), TDP‐43 status alone is not associated with total or regional WMH burden
AD‐TDP type‐α shows greater total, frontotemporal subcortical, and basal ganglia white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)
AD‐TDP type‐β shows less total and subcortical occipital WMHs
AD‐TDP type‐α effect on WMH burden closely mimics the effects of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 (FTLD‐TDP) rather than AD
Different relationships of AD‐TDP types with WMHs suggest different pathomechanisms
Genetic and Morphometric Support for the Atlantic Pygmy Devil Ray, Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831), in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Humble Emily , Boggio‐Pasqua Atlantine , Kamla Aristide Takoukam , Bassos‐Hull Kim , Bergacker Stephen , Gose Marc‐Alexander , Hilbourne Simon , Laglbauer Betty , Martinez‐Lopez Ana , Fogwan Cedrick , Biankeu Cedric I. , Stevens Guy M. W. , Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTManta and devil rays are a diverse group of globally endangered elasmobranchs with a complicated taxonomic history. The emergence of genomic techniques has significantly improved our understanding of species units in the group, yet there is one species of devil ray for which uncertainty remains. Mobula rochebrunei (Vaillant, 1879), a pygmy devil ray inhabiting tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic, was recently synonymised with Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, 1831), its western Atlantic counterpart. However, since there have been no sightings of the species in West and Central Africa for several decades, the revision was based on limited data, and further investigation was recommended. A dedicated monitoring effort in Cameroon recently led to the rare discovery of three pygmy devil rays, providing a unique opportunity to build on recent work. We use a combination of MinION sequencing and morphometric analysis to provide confirmation that pygmy devil rays on both sides of the Atlantic constitute the same species. Crucially, our work highlights the persistence of pygmy devil rays in West Africa despite concerns of disappearance and emphasises the need for urgent conservation action to avoid local extinction.
The Effect of K‐doping on Activation in Co‐Free Li‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Seaby Trent , Lin Tongen , Huang Xia , Baktash Ardeshir , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: January 2025

The activation mechanism of Li‐rich cathode has been discussed for many years, yet there is still debate on different theories. Potassium doping can assist the investigation on activation mechanism through its unique function in terms of blocking TM migration during activation. K‐doping works by occupying Li sites even after Li has been extracted, increasing stability by blocking transition metals from migrating into these sites, which can help us distinguish the pathway of activation. We use in‐situ XRD to show that K‐doping significantly lowers the rate of transition metal migration during initial charging, and that this is correlated with less activation extent. However, the ex‐situ XAS results show that anionic redox is more reversible in the K‐doped material. These results cannot be easily explained by existing theories alone; therefore, we propose that K‐doping hinders TM migration during activation and therefore favours a Reductive Coupling Mechanism over a dynamic TM migration mechanism. These findings have significant practical and theoretical implications for the development of Lithium‐Rich cathodes.
The MIR181A2HG/miR‐5680/VCAN‐CD44 Axis Regulates Gastric Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Zang Weijie , Yang Yongpu , Chen Junjie , Mao Qinsheng , Xue Wanjiang , Hu Yilin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) profoundly influences its prognosis, but the precise mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we identified the long noncoding RNA MIR181A2HG as being upregulated in GC and associated with LNs metastasis and prognosis.MethodsThe expression of MIR181A2HG in GC was identified through bioinformatics screening analysis and qRT‐PCR validation. Both in vitro and in vivo functional studies revealed that MIR181A2HG facilitates lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Techniques such as immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, ELISA, CHIP, RNA‐pulldown, luciferase reporter assay, and Co‐IP were employed to investigate the mechanism of MIR181A2HG in LNs metastasis of GC.ResultsMIR181A2HG overexpressed in GC signifies an unfavorable prognosis and drives M2 polarization of TAMs enhancing lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, MIR181A2HG/miR‐5680 axis as a novel ceRNA regulatory axis to upregulate versican (VCAN). On one hand, VCAN interacts with CD44 receptors on the surface of TAMs through paracrine secretion, promoting M2 macrophage polarization and subsequently enhancing the secretion of VEGF‐C, ultimately facilitating lymphangiogenesis. On the other hand, VCAN binds to CD44 receptors on the surface of GC cells through autocrine secretion, activating the Hippo pathway and upregulating SP1, thereby promoting the transcription of MIR181A2HG and establishing a feedback loop driving lymphatic metastasis.ConclusionThis study highlights the pivotal role of MIR181A2HG in GC progression and LNs metastasis. MIR181A2HG‐based targeted therapy would represent a novel strategy for GC.
Single‐arm interventional versus observational studies for assessing efficacy: A meta‐epidemiological study
Authors: Chappell Mary , Watkins Deborah , Sanderson Alice , di Ruffano Lavinia Ferrante , Miller Paul , Fewster Hariet , Fitzgerald Anita , Edwards Mary , McCool Rachael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionInterventional single‐arm trials (SATs) are increasingly being used as evidence, despite a lack of agreement on their validity and where they should sit in the hierarchy of evidence. We conducted a meta‐epidemiological study to investigate whether there are systematic differences in outcomes and levels of between‐study heterogeneity for SATs compared with their observational counterpart, single‐arm cohort studies.MethodsWe identified systematic reviews (SRs) of pharmacological interventions, published in 2023, that included both interventional and observational single‐arm studies. For each SR, subgroup meta‐analysis of dichotomous outcomes was conducted for included SATs and single‐arm cohort studies to assess effect sizes, levels of heterogeneity and between group differences. In a sensitivity analysis, clinically heterogeneous primary studies were removed and analyses re‐run.Results66 SRs contained single‐arm studies, of which 13 reported meta‐analyses of dichotomous efficacy outcomes. There was no overall risk difference for SATs compared with single‐arm cohort studies (risk difference: −0.020, 95% CI: −0.092 to 0.052, p = 0.59). In the sensitivity analysis, there was a tendency to higher effect for single‐arm cohort studies, but no significant difference (risk difference: −0.071, 95% CI: −0.161, 0.019, p = 0.12). There were high levels of between‐study heterogeneity within both SATs (median; range I2: 54.8; 11.3–91.0) and single‐arm cohorts (median; range I2: 77.2; 0–94.7) and heterogeneity remained high in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThere do not appear to be systematic differences in outcome between SATs and single‐arm cohort studies, but further research is recommended to confirm this finding. Levels of heterogeneity are high within both designs, even after attempts to reduce clinical heterogeneity. Because clinical heterogeneity had potentially been removed, remaining statistical heterogeneity may have been due to bias related to study conduct. Future work should utilize larger samples and additional methods to further clarify the relative validity of single‐arm designs.
Probing Activation and Deactivation Mechanisms in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction and Water Splitting through In‐Situ/Operando Analysis
Authors: Seok Cheon Woo , Kim Jaehyun , Won Jang Ho 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe transition to a carbon‐neutral society demands the development of efficient and durable electrocatalysts to drive electrochemical water splitting and CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). To fabricate high‐performing electrocatalysts, it is essential to unveil catalyst materials’ activation and deactivation mechanisms under actual reaction conditions, a challenge that ex‐situ/post‐mortem characterization cannot fulfill. In‐situ transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, along with various other analytical techniques, are essential methods for revealing the structural and chemical properties of electrochemical catalyst materials in both bulk and surface. In‐situ/operando characterization offers unprecedented insights into the structural and electronic changes on catalyst surfaces, revealing critical aspects of catalytic activity, selectivity and stability during operation. These methods are useful in identifying active sites, understanding morphology and phase transitions, and uncovering the underlying mechanisms driving catalytic processes. This perspective explores recent works on the application of in‐situ/operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to electrochemical CO2RR and water splitting. By organizing recent findings, we highlight the irreplaceable role of in‐situ/operando analysis in refining catalyst design for enhanced performance and robustness. Furthermore, we discuss future directions for integrating these characterization methods into catalyst development workflows, offering a roadmap toward developing electrocatalyst materials for green hydrogen production and CO2 reduction.
Stabilizing Postwar Iraq: The Practical Antinomies of a Promising Concept
Authors: Belloni Roberto , Costantini Irene 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, stabilization has gained ground as a pragmatic, short‐term response to conflict and terrorism. While efforts to achieve a shared‐upon doctrinal understanding of this international practice proved inconclusive, stabilization work in Iraq since 2014 offers valuable insights to evaluate the relevance of the concept and the challenges it faces in its implemention. This article assesses the antinomies of stabilization in the context of Iraq, where both the Global Coalition against Daesh and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have undertaken a wide range of military and civilian‐led stabilization activities following the defeat of the Islamic State (IS). Although these activities have contributed to the restoration of a basic sense of “normalcy,” including the return home of almost five million internationally displaced persons (IDPs), structural constraints, such as increasing authoritarianism, continue to hinder Iraq's path toward self‐sustaining peace and development.
Prediction of Current and Future Distributions of Chalcophora detrita (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Duyar Arif , Demir Muhammed Arif , Kabalak Mahmut 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe consequences of climate change, accelerated by anthropogenic activities, have different effects on different ecosystems, and the severity of these effects is predicted to increase in the near future. The number of studies investigating how forest ecosystems respond to these changes is increasing. However, there remains a significant gap in research concerning how saproxylic organisms—one of the key contributors to the healthy functioning of these fragile ecosystems—will respond to the consequences of climate change. In our study, we estimated the suitable habitats of the polymorphic species Chalcophora detrita which is distributed across Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Türkiye, Cyprus, Syria, Israel and Lebanon. This species of both saproxylic and economic importance, was modelled under current environmental conditions, climate change scenarios and possible future conditions by ecological niche modelling (ENM). An ensemble model was created by using 11 different algorithms (Artificial Neural Network, Classification Tree Analysis, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Flexible Discriminant Analysis, Generalised Additive Model, Generalised Boosting Model, Generalised Linear Model, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Maximum Entropy, Random Forest, Surface Range Envelope) to predict the potential suitable habitats of C. detrita. Two different future scenarios (SSP2‐4.5, relatively optimistic and SSP5‐8.5, most pessimistic) are divided into 2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080 and 2081–2100 time periods. The results of our ENM indicated that bioclimatic variables contribute more than topographic and land cover variables to suitable habitats for the species under current conditions. Furthermore, future scenarios demonstrated that suitable habitats for this species will gradually decrease across the geographical region where the species is distributed. This study provides a theoretical reference framework for the conservation of habitats and the improvement of management plans for species belonging to the genus Chalcophora Dejean 1833 and the other saproxylic beetles.
Species Distribution Models Reveal Varying Degrees of Refugia From the Invasive Asian Needle Ant for Native Ants Versus Ant‐Plant Seed Dispersal Mutualisms
Authors: Kanes Drew , Malagon Daniel , Camper Ben , Hewitt Anna , Dunn Simon , Purcell Eva , Bewick Sharon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Asian Needle Ant, Brachyponera chinensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), has spread throughout a substantial portion of the southeastern United States where it has primarily been restricted to low elevations. We focused on the B. chinensis invasion in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Records in and near the park represent some of the highest elevation locations of B. chinensis in North America. The goals of this study were to characterize the status of the B. chinensis invasion in GSMNP, to assess the role that disturbance and human visitation play in B. chinensis invasion within GSMNP, to identify the potential of B. chinensis to spread into higher elevations in the park and the southern Appalachians and to determine the impact that this might have on native species, including keystone seed‐dispersers within the Aphaenogaster rudis complex and their myrmecochorous plants. We surveyed GSMNP for B. chinensis at 45 sites, including sites that were burned during the 2016 Gatlinburg fire, sites with high human visitation, and undisturbed sites. We then built species distribution models (SDMs) for B. chinensis and some of the native species that B. chinensis is most likely to impact. This allowed us to assess the potential for high‐elevation refugia within the southern Appalachians. We did not find B. chinensis at any undisturbed sites in GSMNP. We did find B. chinensis at five high‐visitation sites. Field findings were consistent with our SDMs, which suggested that GSMNP's unique precipitation regimes may act as a barrier to invasion. Unfortunately, SDMs indicated moderate suitability for B. chinensis across a sizable proportion of the northern border of the park. This is a region where B. chinensis may have disproportionate impacts on myrmecochorous plant species. Thus, although southern Appalachian precipitation and temperature regimes may provide a refuge from B. chinensis at high elevations, this will not protect all species likely to be impacted by this invasive ant.
Numerical Simulation Study on Fish Habitats in the Downstream Section of Yangqu Hydropower Station
Authors: Zhang Qiaoling , Ou Youjie , Wang Weiying , Zhang Guoyong , Liu Zijun , Li Shanshan , Li Guodong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo promote the coordinated and sustainable development of hydropower exploitation and ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, a fine simulation of the downstream riverway of Yangqu Hydropower Station was carried out to analyze the impact of the changes in water depth and flow velocity on fish habitats after the impoundment of Yangqu Hydropower Station. In this paper, Gymnocypris eckloni was selected as the target fish species. The fish habitat model was constructed using MIKE21. The habitat quality of the target fish species was graded by the fuzzy logic method with suitable flow velocity and water depth as conditions. The Weighted Usable Area (WUA)—flow response relationship of fish habitats under different qualities was studied, and the ecological flow required by the target fish species was obtained. The results indicated that the suitable ecological flow range, derived from the relationship between the weighted total area of habitats of different qualities and flow variations, ranged from 350 to 1100 m3/s. Furthermore, the suitable flow range determined through the proportion of WUA of habitats of different qualities was between 600 and 1150 m3/s. After a comprehensive analysis, the final suitable ecological flow range was determined to be 600 to 1150 m3/s. The proportion of high‐quality habitat WUA ranged from 0.26 to 0.50, As the traffic increased, it first increased and then decreased, and was most affected by changes in traffic, the proportion of medium‐quality habitat WUA fluctuated between 0.40 and 0.55, showing an overall upward trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of low‐quality habitat WUA increased from 0.11 to 0.21, indicating the smallest impact from flow variations. The research results could provide a certain reference for the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
TSLP and TSLPr Expression and Localization in the Airways of COPD and Non‐COPD Patients
Authors: Saber Cherif Lynda , Devilliers Maëva A , Perotin Jeanne‐Marie , Ancel Julien , Vivien Alexandre , Bonnomet Arnaud , Delepine Gonzague , Durlach Anne , Polette Myriam , Deslée Gaëtan , Dormoy Valérian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an alarmin cytokine activated by allergens, pathogens, and air pollutants. Recent studies suggest TSLP dysregulation in chronic inflammatory diseases. It was highlighted as a key player in the context of asthma‐associated mucosal immunity. This study investigated the production and localization of TSLP and its receptors in airway epithelial cells and the related inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non‐COPD patients. TSLP transcripts and proteins were detected in epithelial cells but were not abundant at a steady state. The secretion of airway inflammatory mediators was altered in COPD in association with TSLP production. The cellular and molecular characterization of TSLP signaling may identify COPD patients that could benefit from anti‐alarmin therapeutic approaches.