bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of vascular risk in patients with migraine with and without aura treated with erenumab: Post hoc analysis of pooled long‐term clinical trial data
Authors: Kudrow David , Dafer Rima , Dodick David W. , Starling Amaal , Ailani Jessica , Dougherty Carrie , Kalidas Kavita , Zhang Feng , Jeswani Rohini , Patel Nishil , Khodavirdi Ani C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess cardiovascular (CV) safety of erenumab in clinical trial patients associated with degree of CV risk.BackgroundHypertension has been considered a theoretical risk associated with the inhibition of the calcitonin gene‐related peptide pathway in migraine management, particularly in a patient population with pre‐existing CV risk factors.MethodsData pooled from four double‐blind, randomized trials were used to assess blood pressure (BP) changes and CV safety in patients grouped based on 10‐year risk of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease as no‐risk‐factors, low‐risk (>0% to ≤10%), moderate‐risk (>10% to ≤20%), and high‐risk (>20%) categories. CV safety was assessed as ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (ICCAE).ResultsThere was no apparent difference between placebo‐ (N = 1032) and erenumab‐treatment groups (70 mg, N = 885; 140 mg, N = 504) in clinical worsening of BP category from baseline to Months 1–3 (14% [143/1032] placebo vs. 13% [114/885] and 14% [71/504] for erenumab 70 and 140 mg, respectively) regardless of baseline BP category. The adverse event (AE) profile of erenumab was similar across CV risk categories throughout the long‐term analysis. Erenumab‐treated patients with high and moderate 10‐year CV risk (N = 107) did not experience any ICCAEs during the double‐blind treatment period; there was a single ICCAE (a cerebral dural venous sinus thrombosis) observed in the low‐risk erenumab group (N = 273). There were no increases in AEs during the long‐term extensions of up to 5 years (N = 2499; 3482 patient‐years of exposure to erenumab) with exposure‐adjusted incidence rates of cardio/cerebrovascular disorder AEs of 0.4, 0.5, 0.0, and 1.1 (per 100 patient‐years) for no risk factor (N = 1805), low (N = 492), moderate (N = 121), and high (N = 81) 10‐year CV risk groups, respectively.ConclusionsIschemic CV and cerebrovascular AEs were uncommon and the incidence rates were similar across the 10‐year CV risk categories. This analysis helps provide more detail on the CV safety of erenumab.
Effect of landscape structure depends on habitat type in shaping spider communities of a natural mosaic of Eurasian forest‐steppe
Authors: Hamřík Tomáš , Gallé‐Szpisjak Nikolett , Batáry Péter , Gallé Róbert 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite the important ecological role of forest‐steppes in nature conservation, information on the contribution of individual components to arthropod conservation is scarce. Furthermore, the effect of landscape structure on the arthropod composition of a natural mosaic of habitats has been largely understudied.
We investigated the effects of habitat type and landscape heterogeneity on spider diversity in forest‐steppes of Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. We sampled ground‐dwelling spiders using pitfall traps in the grasslands, forest edges and forest interiors along a gradient of landscape composition (forest amount) and configuration (edge length) within 18 landscapes.
We collected a total of 22,550 adult specimens belonging to 153 species. The three habitats of forest‐steppes showed a distinct community composition with a characteristic set of species traits. Xerothermic species of web‐building spiders were primarily found in grasslands, whereas spiders with a preference for moisture habitats were in the forest interior. The forest edges had higher species richness than forest interiors. The trait diversity, measured as RaoQ, was the highest in grasslands, while the lowest in the forests. We found that the increasing amount of forests in the landscape positively affected species richness in grasslands but negatively in forest edges and interiors. Edge length did not have any effect on spider communities.
Increased species richness in grasslands with the increasing amount of forests highlights that grasslands are more affected by spillover from the neighbouring forests than vice versa. Habitat type plays a more important role in shaping spider diversity of natural forest‐steppe patches than landscape structure. However, landscape structure could modify the effect of habitat type. It emphasises the importance of habitat complementarity and therefore the high value of all components of the forest‐steppe landscape.
Trait‐based effects of plant invasion on floral resources, hoverflies and bees
Authors: Szigeti Viktor , Fenesi Annamária , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Kuhlmann Michael , Potts Simon G. , Roberts Stuart , Soltész Zoltán , Török Edina , Kovács‐Hostyánszki Anikó 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlant invasions can lead to homogeneous communities with decreased functional diversity. However, invasive plants, with various morphological and phenological traits, may drive pollinator communities in a less predictable, more complex way. They can promote pollinators compatible with their floral traits, while leaving others without foraging resources. Our observational study on 10 invasive herbaceous species applied a trait‐based approach to investigate plant invasion‐driven changes in floral resources, hoverfly and bee communities. We sampled invaded and non‐invaded (control) sites before and during the flowering of the invasive plants. We analysed the differences in floral traits between invasive and native plants, functional diversity and trait distributions of flower and pollinator communities between the invaded and control sites. Five invasive plant species differed from natives in floral traits. Plant invasion caused species‐specific changes in functional diversity and trait distributions of communities. For instance, invaded sites had a decreased functional diversity of hoverflies before flowering of invasive species, and larger hoverflies during flowering of invasive species compared with control sites. Smaller bees were associated with invasive plants with shallow flowers, while larger and long‐tongued bees were associated with two invasive species with restricted floral access. Similar to previous studies, pollinator traits showed mixed or neutral responses to plant invasion. This is probably due to the high integration capability of invasive plants into plant‐pollinator systems, or limitations in sampling, trait resolution, and unrevealed environmental factors. We provide recommendations for future studies to better understand the trait‐based community composition of flowering plants and pollinators.
Pluriempleo informal en plataformas de transporte urbano durante la pandemia en África. ¿Perspectivas de futuro?
Authors: ANWAR Mohammad Amir , ONG'IRO ODEO Jack , OTIENO Elly 
Published: March 2023

ResumenEl presente estudio tiene por objeto el impacto de la pandemia de COVID‐19 en los trabajadores de plataformas de transporte urbano en vehículos de turismo con conductor (VTC) en África. Debido a su naturaleza mercantilizada e informalizada, el sector ofrece oportunidades de empleo en condiciones de mala calidad, que se agravaron durante la pandemia. Mediante un enfoque metodológico ecléctico que comprende entrevistas en profundidad con conductores de VTC en Nairobi y análisis de etnografía digital, se observan estrategias de resiliencia, adaptación y resistencia de los trabajadores que recurren al pluriempleo informal en plataformas. El estudio subraya la necesidad de establecer marcos reguladores y redes locales de solidaridad que garanticen unas condiciones de trabajo decentes y contrarresten la precariedad en la economía de plataformas.
The paradox of obesity in pressure ulcers of critically ill patients
Authors: Chen Fujin , Wang Xiaobo , Pan Yujie , Ni Bukao , Wu Jianhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between body mass index and pressure ulcers in critically ill patients is controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between body mass index and pressure ulcers by analysing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (version 2.0) database. Eligible data (21 835 cases) were extracted from the database (2008‐2019). The association between body mass index and pressure ulcers in critically ill patients was investigated by adjusting multivariate trend analysis, restricted cubic spline analysis, and segmented linear models. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were used to ensure the stability of the results. Trend analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis showed an approximate U‐shaped correlation between body mass index and the occurrence of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients, with the risk of pressure ulcers decreasing rapidly with increasing body mass index (8.6% decrease per unit) after adjusting for relevant factors; the trend reached its minimum at a body mass index of 27.5 kg/m2, followed by a slow increase in the risk of pressure ulcers with increasing body mass index (1.4% increase per unit). Among the subgroups, the highest overall risk of pressure ulcers and the risk of severe pressure ulcers were significantly higher in the underweight group than in the other subgroups, and the risk associated with the overweight group was the lowest. There is a U‐shaped association between body mass index and pressure ulcers in critically ill patients, and being underweight and obese both increase the risk of pressure ulcers. The risk is highest among underweight patients and lowest among overweight patients (but not patients of normal weight), necessitating targeted prevention strategies for critically ill patients with different body mass indexes.
Addressing hypertension among Haitian adults with insufficient access to quality healthcare: A discursive review
Authors: Marseille Beatrice Remy , Kolawole Joshua , Thorpe‐Williams Jean , Francis Lucine , Delva Sabianca , Foronda Cynthia L. , Bivins Balkys , Owusu Brenda , Josiah Nia , Baptiste Diana‐Lyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this article is to summarize research targeting hypertension and healthcare access among adults living in rural Haiti.BackgroundHypertension is a significant public health problem that impacts one in five persons globally. It is the leading cause of cardiovascular‐related conditions such as stroke and myocardial infarction and accounts for most global non‐communicable disease‐related deaths. Limited healthcare access and social determinants of health are known contributors to poor health outcomes among persons with hypertension. Among Haitians, there are stark health disparities between those who live in urban versus rural areas.DesignA discursive review.ResultsSeveral issues are identified as barriers to proper hypertension prevention and management. However, after examining the effective interventions, we found that social determinants of health such as transportation costs, lack of field care facilities close to patients, roadway conditions, political disturbance, and ineffective leadership and policies are major barriers to controlling hypertension in Haiti. Although Haiti has received help from international organizations, strengthening its internal infrastructure is paramount in improving healthcare access.DiscussionThe review concludes that Haitians living in rural parts of Haiti are less likely to receive healthcare to manage non‐communicable diseases such as hypertension. Similar to other developing countries, a heightened awareness is needed to address the lack of healthcare access for those living in rural communities.Impact to Nursing PracticeNurses and other healthcare professionals working with populations in Haiti should become aware of the barriers and facilitators that promote sufficient healthcare access. To achieve this goal, nurses must understand the social determinants and other factors that serve as barriers for achieving access to quality care for this vulnerable population.No Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper.
The clinical use of computer aided designed/computer aided manufactured titanium nitride coated implant abutments: Surgical and prosthetic considerations—A case series
Authors: del Castillo Rafael , Ata‐Ali Javier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical use of nitride‐coated titanium CAD/CAM implant abutments in the maxillary esthetic zone in two patients with high esthetic and functional demands and, to highlight the advantages of nitride‐coated milled titanium abutments when compared to stock/custom titanium, one‐piece monolithic zirconia, and hybrid metal‐zirconia implant abutments.Clinical ConsiderationsDue to the inherent mechanical and esthetic clinical challenges, single implant‐supported reconstructions in the maxillary esthetic zone are a complex restorative treatment. While CAD/CAM technology has been suggested to enhance and ease implant abutment design and manufacturing, implant abutment material selection remains as a critical decision affecting restoration's long‐term clinical outcomes. To date, considering the esthetic disadvantages of conventional titanium implant abutments, the mechanical limitations of one‐piece zirconia abutments and the manufacturing time and costs associated with hybrid metal‐zirconia abutments, no abutment material can be considered “ideal” for all clinical scenarios.Due to their biocompatibility, biomechanical characteristics (hardness and wear resistance), optical properties (yellow color), and peri‐implant soft tissue esthetic integration, the use of CAD/CAM titanium nitride‐coated implant abutments has been suggested as a predictable implant abutment material in mechanically challenging but esthetically demanding clinical situations, as the maxillary esthetic zone.ConclusionsTwo patients requiring a combined tooth‐implant restorative treatment in the maxillary esthetic zone were treated using CAD/CAM nitride coated titanium implant abutments. The principal advantages of TiN coated abutments include comparable clinical outcomes to stock abutments, optimal biocompatibility, adequate fracture, wear, and corrosion resistance, reduced bacterial adhesion, and excellent esthetic integration with adjacent soft tissues.Clinical SignificanceClinical reports and short term mechanical, biological and esthetic clinical outcomes indicate that CAD/CAM nitride coated titanium implant abutments can represent a predictable restorative alternative to stock/custom and metal/zirconia implant abutments and be considered a clinical relevant option in mechanically challenging but esthetically demanding situations, as often found in the maxillary esthetic zone.
Immune profiling of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Lactococcus garvieae: Evidence in asymptomatic versus symptomatic or vaccinated fish
Authors: Khalil Sarker Mohammed Ibrahim , Bulfon Chiara , Galeotti Marco , Acutis Pier Luigi , Altinok Ilhan , Kotzamanidis Charalampos , Vela Ana Isabel , Fariano Lucio , Prearo Marino , Colussi Silvia , Volpatti Donatella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLactococcosis, caused by the Gram‐positive bacterium Lactococcus garvieae, is a major concern in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms, which are regularly affected by outbreaks especially during the summer/fall months. In these farms, unvaccinated healthy and symptomatic fish can coexist with vaccinated fish. In the present study, innate (leukogram, serum lysozyme activity, peroxidase activity, antiprotease activity, bactericidal activity, total IgM and total proteins), and specific immune parameters (serum antibodies to L. garvieae) were assessed in unvaccinated adult rainbow trout naturally exposed to the pathogen, with or without evidence of clinical signs, or subjected to vaccination. Blood was drawn from all three groups, and blood smears were prepared. Bacteria were found in the blood smears of 70% of the symptomatic fish but not in any of the asymptomatic fish. Symptomatic fish showed lower blood lymphocytes and higher thrombocytes than asymptomatic fish (p ≤ .05). Serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity did not vary substantially among groups; however, serum antiprotease and peroxidase activity were significantly lower in the unvaccinated symptomatic group than in the unvaccinated and vaccinated asymptomatic groups (p ≤ .05). Serum total proteins and total immunoglobulin (IgM) levels in vaccinated asymptomatic rainbow trout were significantly higher than in unvaccinated asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (p ≤ .05). Similarly, vaccinated asymptomatic fish produced more specific IgM against L. garvieae than unvaccinated asymptomatic and symptomatic fish (p ≤ .05). This preliminary study provides basic knowledge on the immunological relationship occurring between the rainbow trout and L. garvieae, potentially predicting health outcomes. The approach we proposed could facilitate infield diagnostics, and several non‐specific immunological markers could serve as reliable indicators of the trout's innate ability to fight infection.
Does the Exchange Rate Respond to Monetary Policy in Mexico? Solving an Exchange Rate Puzzle in Emerging Markets
Authors: SOLÍS PAVEL 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that the null or weak response of emerging market currencies to domestic monetary policy documented in the literature is the result of wide event windows. An event study with intraday data for Mexico shows that an unanticipated tightening appreciates the currency and flattens the yield curve, consistent with the evidence for advanced economies. With daily event windows, however, only the yield curve responds to monetary policy. Noise in daily exchange rate returns explains the lack of response of the currency. Such noise gives rise to a bias that declines after controlling for potential omitted variables.
Secured Loans and Risky Assets in a Monetary Economy
Authors: CHU YUCHI , LI YITING 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the implication of secured credit with a default option for monetary equilibrium. The intermediary structure has the feature of costly state verification, with the monitoring cost interpreted as the cost of foreclosing assets once a default occurs. Without monitoring costs, uncertainty in asset payoffs does not matter for allocation. The asset price can exhibit a liquidity premium because more assets as collateral raises the borrower's credit limit. When there are monitoring costs, the asset's liquidity premium is strictly positive because pledging more assets reduces the default probability and thus the chance to incur monitoring costs. Under some circumstances, increased risk to dividends of the pledged asset may decrease the marginal borrowing cost to such an extent that bank lending rises, and higher default rates are accompanied by larger aggregate liquidity.
State‐wide prevalence of pressure injury in intensive care versus acute general patients: A five‐year analysis
Authors: Fulbrook Paul , Lovegrove Josephine , Hay Karen , Coyer Fiona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse prevalence of pressure injury in intensive care versus non‐intensive care patients.BackgroundHospital‐acquired pressure injury is an enduring problem. Intensive care patients are more susceptible due to multiple risk factors. Several studies have indicated that intensive care patients are more likely than general patients to develop pressure injuries.DesignSecondary data analysis.MethodsEighteen general hospitals with intensive care units were included. The sample included all consenting patients. Logistic regression modelling was used to derive prevalence and effect estimates. STROBE reporting guidelines were followed.ResultsThe sample comprised 15,678 patients; 611 were in intensive care. The crude prevalence estimate of hospital‐acquired pressure injury was 9.6% in intensive care and 2.1% in non‐intensive care patients. The ≥Stage II hospital‐acquired prevalence estimate in was 8.6% intensive care and 1.2% in non‐intensive care patients. Intensive care patients were at markedly increased risk of hospital‐acquired pressure injury compared with non‐intensive care patients, with risk persisting after adjusting for pressure injury risk score. Risk of ≥ Stage II hospital‐acquired pressure injury was further elevated. Intensive care patients had a higher pressure injury risk level and developed a greater proportion of severe hospital‐acquired pressure injuries than non‐intensive care patients. In intensive care, most hospital‐acquired pressure injuries were found on the sacrum/coccyx and heels.ConclusionsThere were significant differences between the hospital‐acquired pressure injury prevalence of intensive care versus non‐intensive care patients, which is consistent with previous studies. Overall, the prevalence of hospital‐acquired pressure injury in intensive care is relatively high, indicating that their prevention should remain a high priority within the intensive care setting.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThese results may be used for benchmarking and provide a focus for future education and practice improvement efforts.Patient or Public ContributionNeither patients nor the public were directly involved in the project.
On the history and growth of the stigma concept: A reflection on the positioning of social relationships in stigma research
Authors: Link Bruce G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe stigma concept has been tremendously successful one. Before Goffman's influential book only a handful of papers used the term in the abstract or title of a paper—in 2020 there were 3464. While the reason for stigma's dramatic growth is likely over determined two possibilities are suggested. The first is the usefulness that the concept carries for understanding the shame, social awkwardness, rejection, misunderstanding, and exclusion that people frequently experience across so many stigmatizing circumstances. The second is that the complexity of the stigma experience provides an enormous number of research puzzles in need of investigation as there are so many different stigmatizing circumstances that are affected at multiple levels across multiple outcomes. The current special issue addresses this complexity by focusing on the particularly important domain of social relationships but at the same allows complexity in the types of stigmatizing circumstances considered and the levels at which they are investigated. In what might be a model for the stigma field as it faces its tremendous growth, Doyle and Barreto (2023) use the multiple contributions to the special issue to develop thematic questions that will guide future research into stigma and social relationships.