bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traction alopecia: assessing the presentation, management and outcomes in a diverse urban population
Authors: Balazic Eliza , Hawkins Kelly , Choi Janet , Konisky Hailey , Chen Anna , Kobets Kseniya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Traction alopecia (TA) is a type of hair loss caused by repetitive tension placed on the hair follicle. An institutional review board-approved retrospective study was conducted at a single institution located in the Bronx, New York. The review identified 216 unique patients with TA and collected information on demographics, patient presentation, history, physical exam, treatment, follow-up and disease improvement. Almost all patients identified as female (98.6%), and most were Black or African American (72.7%). Mean (SD) age was 41.3 (17.1) years (median 40 years; range 1–88). Patients reported hair loss for a mean duration of 35 (51.1) months (median 18 months; range 1–264) prior to presentation. Most patients experienced asymptomatic hair loss. Around half (49.1%) of the patients attended a follow-up, with 42.5% of these patients noting improvement in hair loss or symptoms across all visits. Duration of hair loss was not associated with improvement in hair loss at follow-up visit (P = 0.23).
Analysis and Construction of Zero-Knowledge Proofs for the MinRank Problem
Authors: Song Yongcheng , Zhang Jiang , Huang Xinyi , Wu Wei , Chen Haixia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The MinRank problem is an NP-complete problem that is prevalent in multivariate cryptography and its goal is to find a non-zero linear combination of given a series of matrices over a ring such that the obtained matrix has a small rank. At Asiacrypt 2001, two Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge (ZKPoK) for the MinRank problem are proposed, and we call them MRZK and MRZK$^{\dagger }$, respectively. The latter is an improved version of the proof size of the former. However, the efficiency of MRZK$^{\dagger }$ has been open and not analyzed. While the MRZK protocol is secure, it must be repeated many times due to the soundness error $2/3$, which leads to the large proof size. For 128-bit security, the MRZK protocol is executed at least 219 iterations and the proof size is about 32 KB. In this paper, we first show that the efficiency of MRZK$^{\dagger }$ is impractical due to unreasonable parameter size. However, when the parameter size is tuned and the efficiency is improved, an imposter can be efficiently constructed. Then, to alleviate the large proof size of MRZK, inspired by the technique designing ZKPoK (Eurocrypt 2020), we propose a sigma protocol with helper to prove the solution to the MinRank problem. Finally, we transform the sigma protocol with helper into a standard ZKPoK (MRZK$^{\sharp }$) by removing the helper. The MRZK$^{\sharp }$ protocol can achieve any small soundness error and enjoy the proof size of about 15 KB (53% improvement over MRZK).
Does pre-spawning catch and release angling affect offspring telomere dynamics in Atlantic salmon?
Authors: Duncan Eleanor , Papatheodoulou Magdalene , Metcalfe Neil B , McLennan Darryl 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The practice of ‘catch and release’ (C&R) angling confers a balance between animal welfare, conservation efforts and preserving the socio-economic interests of recreational angling. However, C&R angling can still cause exhaustion and physical injury, and often exposes the captured fish to the stress of air exposure. Therefore, the true conservation success of C&R angling depends on whether the angled individuals then survive to reproduction and whether there are any persisting effects on subsequent generations. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stress of C&R angling is then passed on to offspring. We experimentally manipulated the C&R experience of wild adult salmon prior to the spawning season. These parental fish either underwent a C&R simulation (which involved exercise with/without air exposure) or were left as control individuals. We then measured the telomere length of the arising offspring (at the larval stage of development) since previous studies have linked a shorter telomere length with reduced fitness/longevity and the rate of telomere loss is thought to be influenced by stress. Family-level telomere length was positively related to rate of growth. However, the telomere lengths of the salmon offspring were unrelated to the C&R experience of their parents. This may be due to there being no intergenerational effect of parental stress exposure on offspring telomeres, or to any potential effects being buffered by the significant telomere elongation mechanisms that are thought to occur during the embryonic and larval stages of development. While this may suggest that C&R angling has a minimal intergenerational effect on offspring fitness, there have been numerous other reports of negative C&R effects, therefore we should still be aiming to mitigate and refine such practices, in order to minimize their impacts on fish populations.
Development of novel layered polyglycolic acid sheet for regeneration of critical-size defect in rat trachea
Authors: Murata Yoshitake , Yutaka Yojiro , Hirata Rieko , Hidaka Yu , Hamaji Masatsugu , Yoshizawa Akihiro , Kishimoto Yo , Omori Koichi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets are difficult to adapt to the central airway because of poor durability against high air pressure. Therefore, we developed a novel layered PGA material to cover the central airway and examined its morphologic traits and functional performance as a potential tracheal replacement.

METHODS
A critical-size defect in rat cervical tracheas was covered with the material. Morphologic changes were bronchoscopically and pathologically evaluated. Functional performance was evaluated by regenerated ciliary area, ciliary beat frequency and ciliary transport function determined by measuring the moving distance of microspheres dropped onto the trachea (µm/s). The evaluation time points were 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 6 months after surgery (n = 5, respectively).

RESULTS
Forty rats underwent implantation, and all survived. Histological examination confirmed ciliated epithelization on the luminal surface after 2 weeks. Neovascularization was observed after 1 month, tracheal glands after 2 months and chondrocyte regeneration after 6 months. Although the material was gradually replaced by self-organization, tracheomalacia was not bronchoscopically observed at any time point. The area of regenerated cilia significantly increased between 2 weeks and 1 month (12.0% vs 30.0%; P = 0.0216). The median ciliary beat frequency significantly improved between 2 weeks and 6 months (7.12 vs 10.04 Hz; P = 0.0122). The median ciliary transport function was significantly improved between 2 weeks and 2 months (5.16 vs 13.49 µm/s; P = 0.0216).

CONCLUSIONS
The novel PGA material showed excellent biocompatibility and tracheal regeneration both morphologically and functionally 6 months after tracheal implantation.
The impact of religious involvement on trust, volunteering, and perceived cooperativeness: evidence from two British panels
Authors: Aksoy Ozan , Wiertz Dingeman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Does religious involvement make people more trusting and prosocial? Considering conflicting theories and mixed prior evidence, we subject this question to a stringent test using large-scale, representative data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2009, N ≈ 26,000) and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2021, N ≈ 80,000). We employ cross-lagged panel models with individual fixed effects to account for time-invariant confounders and reverse causality—two issues that have haunted earlier research. We find that frequency of religious service attendance on average has a positive impact on generalized trust, volunteering, and perceived cooperativeness. Other indicators of religious involvement have weaker effects. We also find variation across religious traditions: the effects of religious attendance are mostly positive for Anglicans and other Protestants, but weaker and mostly statistically insignificant for Catholics, Hindus, and the unaffiliated, and even negative for Muslims when the outcome is perceived cooperativeness. Our findings are robust to alternative model set-ups and hold up after accounting for neighbourhood religious composition, respondent and interviewer ethnicity, and other potential moderators and confounders. Altogether, our study shows that religious involvement can foster prosocial behaviours and attitudes, although in our study this effect is largely restricted to religious service attendance and majority religions.
Pet ownership during the first 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis in the NEON-BC cohort
Authors: Lopes-Conceição Luisa , Peleteiro Bárbara , Araújo Natália , Dias Teresa , Fontes Filipa , Pereira Susana , Lunet Nuno 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Although human–animal interactions (HAI) have been associated with health benefits, they have not been extensively studied among cancer patients nor which factors may influence HAI during cancer survivorship. Therefore, this study aims to describe pet ownership in a breast cancer cohort within 5 years post-diagnosis and to identify associated factors.

Methods
Four hundred sixty-six patients from the NEON-BC cohort were evaluated. Four groups of pet ownership over the 5 years were defined: ‘never had’, ‘stopped having’, ‘started having’ and ‘always had’. Multinomial logistic regression was used to quantify the association between the patient characteristics and the groups defined (reference: ‘never had’).

Results
51.7% of patients had pets at diagnosis, which increased to 58.4% at 5 years; dogs and cats were the most common. Women presenting depressive symptoms and poor quality of life were more likely to stop having pets. Older and unpartnered women were less likely to start having pets. Those retired, living outside Porto, having diabetes or having owned animals during adulthood were more likely to start having pets. Women with higher education and unpartnered were less likely to always have pets. Those living in larger households, with other adults or having animals throughout life, were more likely to always have pets. Obese women had lower odds of stopping having dogs/cats. Women submitted to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and longer chemotherapy treatments were more likely to stop having dogs/cats.

Conclusions
Pet ownership changed over the 5 years and is influenced by sociodemographic, clinical and treatment characteristics, patient-reported outcomes and past pet ownership, reflecting the importance of HAI during cancer survivorship.
The effect of sample attrition in the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions on the estimates of Eurostat’s Healthy Life Years
Authors: Muszyńska-Spielauer Magdalena M , Spielauer Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Eurostat’s official Healthy Life Years (HLY) estimates are based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) cross-sectional data. As EU-SILC has a rotational sample design, the largest part of the samples are longitudinal, health-related attrition constituting a potential source of bias of these estimates. Bland-Altman plots assessing the agreement between pairs of HLY based on total and new rotational, representative samples demonstrated no significant, systematic attrition-related bias. However, the wide limits of agreement indicate considerable uncertainty, larger than accounted for in the confidence intervals of HLY estimates.
Transgressive segregation in mating traits drives hybrid speciation
Authors: Kagawa Kotaro , Takimoto Gaku , Seehausen Ole 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hybridization can rapidly generate novel genetic variation, which can promote ecological speciation by creating novel adaptive phenotypes. However, it remains unclear how hybridization, creating novel mating phenotypes (e.g., mating season, genitalia shapes, sexual displays, mate preferences), affects speciation especially when the phenotypes do not confer adaptive advantages. Here, based on individual-based evolutionary simulations, we propose that transgressive segregation of mating traits can drive incipient hybrid speciation. Simulations demonstrated that incipient hybrid speciation occurred most frequently when the hybrid population received moderate continued immigration from parental lineages causing recurrent episodes of hybridization. Recurrent hybridization constantly generated genetic variation, which promoted the rapid stochastic evolution of mating phenotypes in a hybrid population. The stochastic evolution continued until a novel mating phenotype came to dominate the hybrid population, which reproductively isolates the hybrid population from parental lineages. However, too frequent hybridization rather hindered the evolution of reproductive isolation by inflating the variation of mating phenotypes to produce phenotypes allowing mating with parental lineages. Simulations also revealed conditions for the long-term persistence of hybrid species after their incipient emergence. Our results suggest that recurrent transgressive segregation of mating phenotypes can offer a plausible explanation for hybrid speciation and radiations that involved little adaptive ecological divergence.
Sex wars: a female genital spine forces male damselflies to shorten copulation duration
Authors: Rivas-Torres Anais , Di Pietro Viviana , Cordero-Rivera Adolfo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn some species, males use weapons to harm females, increasing their short-term fitness. Here we show that females can use genital adaptations against males. Females of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum have a conspicuous vulvar spine on the eighth abdominal segment, which contacts with the male during copulation. We tested 3 hypotheses for its function: it (a) inflicts damage to the male during copulation; (b) facilitates endophytic oviposition; and (c) stimulates males during copulation to increase their investment. We found that males mated on average for 54 min with control females, but increased copulation to 99 min with females without spine. There was no evidence of physical harm of the spine on the male’s seminal vesicle, which shows 8- to 18-folds, exactly where the spine contacts during copulation. Females with and without spine exhibited the same egg-laying rates and showed similar fecundity and fertility. Longevity was also similar in males mated to control and spineless females. In contrast to many species where females resist male harassment by behavioral responses, the morphological adaptation observed in E. cyathigerum appears to act as a sexual weapon, allowing females to control copulation duration. We suggest that the spine has evolved because of sexual conflict over mating duration.
What Determines Levels of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Birds?
Authors: Clark Alice , Koc Gizem , Eyre-Walker Ying , Eyre-Walker Adam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
What determines levels of genetic diversity in mitochondrial DNA remains unresolved. We have investigated the factors that are correlated to the level of synonymous diversity of mitochondrial DNA in more than 300 bird species. We find that diversity is significantly correlated to clutch and range size, but not significantly correlated to many other variables including body mass, latitude, and longevity. The correlation between diversity and range appears to be a consequence of a correlation between range and effective population size since a measure of the effectiveness of natural selection, which is expected to be correlated to the effective population size, is also correlated to range. The slope of the relationship between diversity and range is shallow, consistent with Lewontin's paradox, and very similar to the relationship found in mammals.
Developmental expression of the Sturge–Weber syndrome-associated genetic mutation in Gnaq: a formal test of Happle's paradominant inheritance hypothesis
Authors: Wetzel-Strong Sarah E , Galeffi Francesca , Benavides Christian , Patrucco Mary , Bullock Jessica L , Gallione Carol J , Lee Han Kyu , Marchuk Douglas A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a sporadic (non-inherited) syndrome characterized by capillary vascular malformations in the facial skin, leptomeninges, or the choroid. A hallmark feature is the mosaic nature of the phenotype. SWS is caused by a somatic mosaic mutation in the GNAQ gene (p.R183Q), leading to activation of the G protein, Gαq. Decades ago, Rudolf Happle hypothesized SWS as an example of “paradominant inheritance”, that is, a “lethal gene (mutation) surviving by mosaicism”. He predicted that the “presence of the mutation in the zygote will lead to death of the embryo at an early stage of development”. We have created a mouse model for SWS using gene targeting to conditionally express the GNAQ p.R183Q mutation. We have employed two different Cre-drivers to examine the phenotypic effects of expression of this mutation at different levels and stages of development. As predicted by Happle, global, ubiquitous expression of this mutation in the blastocyst stage results in 100% embryonic death. The majority of these developing embryos show vascular defects consistent with the human vascular phenotype. By contrast, global but mosaic expression of the mutation enables a fraction of the embryos to survive, but those that survive to birth and beyond do not exhibit obvious vascular defects. These data validate Happle's paradominant inheritance hypothesis for SWS and suggest the requirement of a tight temporal and developmental window of mutation expression for the generation of the vascular phenotype. Furthermore, these engineered murine alleles provide the template for the development of a mouse model of SWS that acquires the somatic mutation during embryonic development, but permits the embryo to progress to live birth and beyond, so that postnatal phenotypes can also be investigated. These mice could then also be employed in pre-clinical studies of novel therapies.
Associations Between Mid- to Late-Life Body Mass Index and Chronic Disease-Free Survival: A Nationwide Twin Study
Authors: Guo Jie , Dove Abigail , Shang Ying , Marseglia Anna , Johnell Kristina , Rizzuto Debora , Xu Weili 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Some studies have linked late-life overweight to a reduced mortality risk compared to normal body mass index (BMI). However, the impact of late-life overweight and its combination with mid-life BMI status on healthy survival remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether and to what extent mid- and/or late-life overweight are associated with chronic disease-free survival.

Methods
Within the Swedish Twin Registry, 11 597 chronic disease-free twins aged 60−79 years at baseline were followed up for 18 years. BMI (kg/m2) was recorded at baseline and 25−35 years before baseline (ie, midlife) and divided as underweight (&lt;20), normal (≥20−25), overweight (≥25−30), and obese (≥30). Incident chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer) and deaths were ascertained via registries. Chronic disease-free survival was defined as years lived until the occurrence of any chronic diseases or death. Data were analyzed using multistate survival analysis.

Results
Of all participants, 5 640 (48.6%) were overweight/obese at baseline. During the follow-up, 8 772 (75.6%) participants developed at least 1 chronic disease or died. Compared to normal BMI, late-life overweight and obesity were associated with 1.1 (95% CI, 0.3, 2.0) and 2.6 (1.6, 3.5) years shorter chronic disease-free survival. Compared to normal BMI through mid- to late life, consistent overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity only in mid-life led to 2.2 (1.0, 3.4) and 2.6 (0.7, 4.4) years shorter disease-free survival, respectively.

Conclusions
Late-life overweight and obesity may shorten disease-free survival. Further research is needed to determine whether preventing overweight/obesity from mid- to late life might favor longer and healthier survival.
Detecting Narcissism From Older Adults’ Daily Language Use: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Zhang Shiyang , Fingerman Karen L , Birditt Kira S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesNarcissism has been associated with poorer quality social connections in late life, yet less is known about how narcissism is associated with older adults’ daily social interactions. This study explored the associations between narcissism and older adults’ language use throughout the day.MethodsParticipants aged 65–89 (N = 281) wore electronically activated recorders which captured ambient sound for 30 s every 7 min across 5–6 days. Participants also completed the Narcissism Personality Inventory-16 scale. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count to extract 81 linguistic features from sound snippets and applied a supervised machine learning algorithm (random forest) to evaluate the strength of links between narcissism and each linguistic feature.ResultsThe random forest model showed that the top 5 linguistic categories that displayed the strongest associations with narcissism were first-person plural pronouns (e.g., we), words related to achievement (e.g., win, success), to work (e.g., hiring, office), to sex (e.g., erotic, condom), and that signal desired state (e.g., want, need).DiscussionNarcissism may be demonstrated in everyday life via word use in conversation. More narcissistic individuals may have poorer quality social connections because their communication conveys an emphasis on self and achievement rather than affiliation or topics of interest to the other party.
The Reciprocal Relationship of Self-Rated Health and Instrumental Help From Adult Children: Evidence From Germany
Authors: Jessee Lisa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Receiving support from adult children may promote or be harmful for older adults’ health. Poor health, however, often precedes the need for intergenerational support. To date, few studies have addressed the relationship between instrumental help (i.e., help with household chores) and older adults’ self-rated health (SRH) simultaneously, thereby accounting for potential reverse causality. Moreover, little research has accounted for omitted variable bias.

Methods
Dynamic panel models with fixed effects provide an opportunity to address these methodological issues. Drawing on four waves of the German Ageing Survey, which provide a sample of 3,914 parents aged 40–95 years, I investigate the bidirectional linkages between instrumental help from adult children and SRH.

Results
Results suggest that prior receipt of instrumental help is not a significant predictor of future reported SRH. Similarly, previous SRH does not significantly predict the likelihood of receiving instrumental help at follow-up. Instead, earlier values of SRH and instrumental help are most important for predicting future SRH and instrumental help.

Discussion
The results shed new light on the interplay between SRH and instrumental help from adult children. The study suggests that older adults’ health and support in later life are not interdependent. I discuss these findings in relation to future policies for healthy aging to focus on interventions that facilitate optimal health in the earlier stages of the life course and for adult children to provide continued support to their parents.