bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth of intermediate mass black holes through tidal captures and tidal disruption events
Authors: Rizzuto Francesco Paolo , Naab Thorsten , Rantala Antti , Johansson Peter H , Ostriker Jeremiah P , Stone Nicholas C , Liao Shihong , Irodotou Dimitrios 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present N-body simulations, including post-Newtonian dynamics, of dense clusters of low-mass stars harbouring central black holes (BHs) with initial masses of 50, 300, and 2000 M⊙. The models are evolved with the N-body code bifrost to investigate the possible formation and growth of massive BHs by the tidal capture of stars and tidal disruption events (TDEs). We model star–BH tidal interactions using a velocity-dependent drag force, which causes orbital energy and angular momentum loss near the BH. About ∼20–30 per cent of the stars within the spheres of influence of the black holes form Bahcall–Wolf cusps and prevent the systems from core collapse. Within the first 40 Myr of evolution, the systems experience 500–1300 TDEs, depending on the initial cluster structure. Most (&gt;95 per cent) of the TDEs originate from stars in the Bahcall–Wolf cusp. We derive an analytical formula for the TDE rate as a function of the central BH mass, density, and velocity dispersion of the clusters ($\dot{N}_{\mathrm{TDE}} \propto M\mathrm{_{BH}}\rho \sigma ^{-3}$). We find that TDEs can lead a 300 M⊙ BH to reach $\sim 7000 \, \mathrm{{M}_{\odot }}$ within a Gyr. This indicates that TDEs can drive the formation and growth of massive BHs in sufficiently dense environments, which might be present in the central regions of nuclear star clusters.
A benchmark study of atomic models for the transition region against quiet Sun observations
Authors: Dufresne R P , Del Zanna G , Mason H E 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The use of the coronal approximation to model line emission from the solar transition region has led to discrepancies with observations over many years, particularly for Li- and Na-like ions. Studies have shown that a number of atomic processes are required to improve the modelling for this region, including the effects of high densities, solar radiation, and charge transfer on ion formation. Other non-equilibrium processes, such as time-dependent ionization and radiative transfer, are also expected to play a role. A set of models which include the three relevant atomic processes listed above in ionization equilibrium has recently been built. These new results cover the main elements observed in the transition region. To assess the effectiveness of the results, this work predicts spectral line intensities using differential emission measure modelling. Although limited in some respects, this differential emission measure modelling does give a good indication of the impact of the new atomic calculations. The results are compared to predictions of the coronal approximation and to observations of the average, quiet Sun from published literature. Significant improvements are seen for the line emission from Li- and Na-like ions, intercombination lines, and many other lines. From this study, an assessment is made of how far down into the solar atmosphere the coronal approximation can be applied, and the range over which the new atomic models are valid.
Elucidating the distinct contributions of miR-122 in the HCV life cycle reveals insights into virion assembly
Authors: Rheault Marylin , Cousineau Sophie E , Fox Danielle R , Abram Quinn H , Sagan Selena M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA accumulation is dependent upon interactions with the human liver-specific microRNA, miR-122. MiR-122 has at least three roles in the HCV life cycle: it acts as an RNA chaperone, or ‘riboswitch’, allowing formation of the viral internal ribosomal entry site; it provides genome stability; and promotes viral translation. However, the relative contribution of each role in HCV RNA accumulation remains unclear. Herein, we used point mutations, mutant miRNAs, and HCV luciferase reporter RNAs to isolate each of the roles and evaluate their contribution to the overall impact of miR-122 in the HCV life cycle. Our results suggest that the riboswitch has a minimal contribution in isolation, while genome stability and translational promotion have similar contributions in the establishment phase of infection. However, in the maintenance phase, translational promotion becomes the dominant role. Additionally, we found that an alternative conformation of the 5′ untranslated region, termed SLIIalt, is important for efficient virion assembly. Taken together, we have clarified the overall importance of each of the established roles of miR-122 in the HCV life cycle and provided insight into the regulation of the balance between viral RNAs in the translating/replicating pool and those engaged in virion assembly.
The Substitution of Fifty Percent of Combustible Tobacco Smoke Exposure With Either Electronic Cigarettes or Heated tobacco Products Did Not Attenuate Acute Lung Injury in an Animal Model
Authors: Husari Ahmad , El-Harakeh Mohammad , Shihadeh Alan , Daou Michella Abi Zeid , Bitar Hala , Karaoghlanian Nareg , Zaatari Ghazi , El-Sabban Marwan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
To reduce the harmful health effects of combustible cigarette smoke (CS), some (CS) users attempt to substitute CS with electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and/or heated tobacco products (HTP). In this animal study, we evaluated the acute effects of substituting CS consumption with ECIG or HTP thus mimicking the dual users’ approach, on the lungs of a mouse model.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were divided into Control, ECIG, HTP, CS, ECIG + CS, HTP + CS, and HTP + ECIG groups. Animals were exposed for 3 hours in AM and PM sessions to either air, CS, ECIG, or HTP for seven days. Lung injury was assessed by: wet to dry (W/D) ratio, albumin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, histopathology examination, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and assessment of cellular apoptosis.

Results
W/D ratio was significantly increased in mice exposed to CS only. Albumin leak and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-a were elevated in CS, ECIG + CS, and HTP + CS. Histological examination revealed significant inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as collagen deposit in CS, ECIG + CS, HTP + CS. ROS production was significantly increased in CS, ECIG + CS, HTP + CS. Finally, cell death was also significantly increased in CS, ECIG + CS, and HTP + CS.

Conclusion
In this animal model, substituting 50% of daily CS exposure by either ECIG or HTP exposure did not result in significant attenuation of acute lung injury.
In response to “Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of depression: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational studies”
Authors: Marx Wolfgang , Travica Nikolaj , O’Neil Adrienne , Jacka Felice 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The growing interest in the association between dietary patterns and depression risk is reflected by an increasing number of meta-analyses conducted recently on this topic. One of these meta-analyses found no evidence of a significant association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and depression, when using prospective studies. This is an interesting finding, yet it is largely inconsistent with other meta-analyses published within the same time frame. The aim of this letter is to identify key analytic decisions made in that meta-analysis that may help explain the findings, specifically those regarding study inclusion criteria, outcome selection, and coding that may have affected the results of the analysis. After conducting the subsequent re-analysis addressing these revised methodological decisions, these decisions were found to largely explain the reported null result. These new findings not only provide greater context for the results of the meta-analysis but also explain why the findings were inconsistent with the relevant literature in this field.
Mediterranean diet and depression: reanalysis of a meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiei Fateme , Salari-Moghaddam Asma , Larijani Bagher , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
On the basis of comments we received from readers, we made some changes in the original version of our article about our study and re-analyzed the data. In this corrected version, we found an inverse significant association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of depression in cohort studies (overall hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.94). In addition, combining 8 cross-sectional studies that examined the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and depression, we found a significant inverse association (overall odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.92).
FACTORS INFLUENCING SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATES OF SELECTED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS AT TWO CLINICAL PRACTICES IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Sebelego Ida-Keshia , Acho Sussan , van der Merwe Belinda , Rae William I D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the factors that impact the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) for computed tomography (CT) examinations of the chest-abdomen-pelvis and abdomen-pelvis protocols in two clinical radiology practices and evaluate the image quality of these protocols. Imaging parameters, protocols, dose metrics from the CT units and size-related parameters to calculate the SSDE were documented. The image quality of the CT images was assessed using an image subtraction algorithm. The SSDE increased as the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), and the patient’s body mass index increased, respectively. Significant differences (p &lt; 0.001) occurred between the two hospitals regarding image quality. However, these differences were not indicative of differences in the diagnostic performances for task-based imaging protocols. Different clinical protocols should be reviewed to optimise dose. The inclusion of the pre-monitoring sequence, age of the machine and the scan requisition parameters impacted the SSDEs. Image quality should be assessed to evaluate the consistency of image quality between protocols applied by different CT units when assessing SSDEs.
Regulatory B Cells Contribute to the Clinical Response After Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Infusion in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Loisel Séverine , Lansiaux Pauline , Rossille Delphine , Ménard Cédric , Dulong Joëlle , Monvoisin Céline , Bescher Nadège , Bézier Isabelle , Latour Maëlle , Cras Audrey , Farge Dominique , Tarte Karin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as an interesting therapeutic approach for patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc), a rare and life-threatening orphan autoimmune disease. Whereas MSC immunomodulatory potential is considered as a central mechanism for their clinical benefit, very few data are available on the impact of MSCs on immune cell subsets in vivo. In the current extended study of a phase I/II clinical trial exploring the injection of a single dose of allogeneic bone marrow-MSCs (alloBM-MSCs) in patients with severe SSc (NCT02213705), we performed a longitudinal in-depth characterization of circulating immune cells in 19 MSC-treated patients, including 14 responders and 5 non-responders. By a combination of flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses, we highlighted an increase in circulating CD24hiCD27posCD38lo/neg memory B cells, the main IL-10-producing regulatory B cell (Breg) subset, and an upregulation of IL10 expression in ex-vivo purified B cells, specifically in responder patients, early after the alloBM-MSC infusion. In addition, a deeper alteration of the B-cell compartment before alloBM-MSC treatment, including a higher expression of profibrotic cytokines IL6 and TGFβ by sorted B cells was associated with a non-responder clinical status. Finally, BM-MSCs were able to directly upregulate IL-10 production in activated B cells in vitro. These data suggest that cytokine-producing B cells, in particular Breg, are pivotal effectors of BM-MSC therapeutic activity in SSc. Their quantification as activity biomarkers in MSC potency assays and patient selection criteria may be considered to reach optimal clinical benefit when designing MSC-based clinical trials.
Changes in Pregnancy-Related Mortality Associated With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Thoma Marie E. , Declercq Eugene R. 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To examine pregnancy-related mortality ratios before (January 2019–March 2020) and during (April 2020–December 2020 and 2021) the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overall, by race and ethnicity, and by rural–urban classifications using vital records data.

METHODS:
Mortality and natality data (2019–2021) were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database to estimate pregnancy-related mortality ratios, which correspond to any death during pregnancy or up to 1 year after the end of a pregnancy from causes related to the pregnancy per 100,000 live births. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios were determined from International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes A34, O00–O96, and O98–O99. Overall pregnancy-related mortality ratios were partitioned by whether COVID-19 was listed as a contributory cause, and quarterly estimates were compared between 2019 and 2021. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios were compared by race and ethnicity and rural–urban residence before (2019–March 2020) and during (April 2020–December 2020 and 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS:
Pregnancy-related mortality was significantly higher in 2021 (45.5/100,000 live births) compared with during the pandemic in 2020 (36.7/100,000 live births) and before the pandemic (29.0/100,000 live births). Pregnancy-related mortality ratios increased across all race and ethnicity and rural–urban residence categories in 2021. The largest increase occurred among American Indian/Alaska Native people during 2021 compared with April–December of 2020 (pregnancy-related mortality ratio 160.8 vs 79.0/100,000 live births, 104% relative change, P=.017). Medium–small metropolitan (52.4 vs 37.7/100,000 live births, 39.0% relative change, P<.001) and rural (56.2 vs 46.5/100,000 live births, 21.0% relative change, P=.05) areas had a larger increase in 2021 compared with April–December 2020 compared with large urban areas (39.1 vs 33.7/100,000 live births, 15.9% relative change, P=.009).

CONCLUSION:
Pregnancy-related mortality ratios increased more rapidly in 2021 than in 2020, consistent with rising rates of COVID-19–associated mortality among women of reproductive age. This further exacerbated racial and ethnic disparities, especially among American Indian/Alaska Native birthing people.
Complex vulvar and vaginal disease in menopause
Authors: Fuller Ashley E. , Dunsmoor-Su Rebecca 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Menopause is a time of vulvar and vaginal changes that are physiologic and are often symptomatic. These changes can impact up to 50% of women in menopause. There are also several vulvar dermatoses that are more common after menopause and should be recognized early to allow for symptomatic treatment. Some of these conditions can lead to squamous cell carcinoma over time, and early recognition and appropriate treatment reduce this risk. Treatment for women with symptomatic vulvar and vaginal conditions is important for maintaining the quality of life.

Recent findings
There are multiple review articles, small case series, and small comparative trials, but definitive trials are unavailable for most of these conditions.

Summary
Current research on pathophysiology and treatment is limited to all of these conditions, and more focus on these life-altering conditions is warranted.
Salvage Case of Corpus Cavernosum Necrosis and Urethral Perforation associated with Infection after Penile Prosthesis Insertion
Authors: Kawaguchi Tatsumi , Kudoh Satoshi , Ishikawa Shoichi , Ichioka Shigeru 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Penile prosthesis implantation can be considered in patients with unsuccessful treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Its associated postoperative complications include infection and urethral injury. Nevertheless, only a few studies have reported the successful management of severe cases. Herein, we report a case of corpus cavernosum necrosis and distal urethral perforation caused by infection after penile prosthesis insertion, which had favorable outcomes. A 60-year-old man with multiple atherosclerotic risks underwent penile prosthesis implantation for erectile dysfunction at another hospital. Postoperatively, he developed infectious necrosis and underwent prosthesis removal. However, he presented at our department because of technical difficulties in the treatment at other hospitals. The initial examination revealed extensive necrosis of the corpus cavernosum and perforation of the peripheral urethra. A thin urethral catheter was inserted, and the necrotic corpus cavernosum was debrided to preserve the artery and urethra. Then, the perforated urethra was sutured. Subsequent negative pressure wound therapy resulted in sufficient granulation and closure of the perforated urethra. One month after the surgery, the scar was resected and sutured following the circumcision line. Despite experiencing this severe postoperative complication, good functional and cosmetic outcomes were achieved after minimal surgery with a blood-flow–conserving method.
Diagnosis and Management of Common Presentations of Posttraumatic Nasal Deformity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Georgolios Alexandros , Cooper Dylan J. , Tham Tristan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Posttraumatic nasal deformity (PTND) is a surgical challenge for the otolaryngologist and plastic surgeon. Various classifications and management algorithms have been proposed without reaching much consensus in terms of definition and management.

Methods:
We present a narrative review aimed to define PTND and consolidate current knowledge regarding its diagnosis, subtypes, and treatment options.

Results:
This report is a clinical overview of PTND. We also review recent studies that characterize different osteotomy approaches and techniques used for patients with PTND.

Conclusions:
By providing a summary of the main challenges for PTND, we aim to add context to its variable presentation. We hope this broad overview will reinforce more effective communication between providers and promote patient understanding in order to ensure favorable long-term outcomes.
Incidental Finding of an Acupuncture Needle in a Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: AlTamimi Jawahir Omar , AlMubarak Sultan K. , AlThobaity Adil N. 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Acupuncture, one of the most ancient forms of Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat many chronic ailments, but the extant literature reveals uncertainty regarding its efficacy and adverse complications. A specific adverse complication reported multiple times is the finding of broken needles incidentally or after symptomatic presentation. We report a case of an incidental finding of an acupuncture needle after a carpal tunnel release.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and future risk of heart failure
Authors: Pabón Maria A. , Misra Amrit , Honigberg Michael C. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. Women with history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) have approximately two-fold risk of future CVD, but until recently the association with future heart failure (HF) was unclear. Here, we summarize evidence for associations of APOs with HF, potential underlying mechanisms, and future directions for clinical translation.

Recent findings
Women with history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) have roughly two-fold risk of future HF compared with other parous women even after accounting for interval development of coronary artery disease. The HDPs portend heightened risk of HF with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other APOs such as preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age delivery, and placental abruption may also confer additional risk for HF development. Possible underlying mechanisms linking APOs to HF include shared upstream risk factors and genetics, accelerated development of cardiometabolic risk factors postpartum, persistent endothelial and microvascular dysfunction, and impaired natriuretic peptide signaling.

Summary
History of APOs, including HDPs and GDM, confer increased risk for development of HF years after delivery. Further research is needed to define strategies to optimize prepregnancy and postpartum cardiovascular health toward HF prevention.
The role of skeletal muscle mass on cardiovascular disease risk: an emerging role on modulating lipid profile
Authors: Damigou Evangelia , Kouvari Matina , Panagiotakos Demosthenes 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review was to present updated evidence on the role of skeletal muscle mass on cardiometabolic health.

Recent findings
Increased lean, and especially skeletal, muscle mass has been associated with better cardiometabolic health in various epidemiological studies, even in younger age groups. In addition, the link between skeletal muscle mass and adult lipid profile is of interest. A preliminary analysis using the data from the ATTICA prospective cohort study (2002–2022) supports this association.

Summary
Skeletal muscle mass has many metabolic functions (i.e., glucose, insulin and protein metabolism, mitochondrial function, arterial stiffness, inflammation, oxidative stress, brain function, hormone status). Given its associations with the lipid profile and overall cardiometabolic risk, skeletal muscle mass stands among the emerging risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In addition to only using body mass index or fat distribution, more studies should evaluate lean mass and its prognostic and predictive ability regarding chronic diseases.