bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A realistic approach to evaluating the effect of baseline lipid profile in postcoronary artery bypass grafting surgery
Authors: Sheikhy Ali , Fallahzadeh Aida , Sadeghian Saeed , Pashang Mina , Karimi Abbas Ali , Bagheri Jamshid , Ahmadi‐Tafti Hossein , Hosseini Kaveh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are still many uncertainties in the association between lipid profile and postcoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes. Although simplifying the association to linear equations makes it understandable but cannot explain many findings.HypothesisThere is a nonlinear associatin between lipid profile indices and adverse outcomes after CABG.MethodsA total of 17 555 patients who underwent isolated CABG between 2005 and 2016 were evaluated. During the median follow‐up of 75.24 months, the Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) estimated from the Cox regression model adjusted for all possible confounders was applied to show a nonlinear relationship of lipid profile contents with the “ln hazard ratio” of mortality and major cerebro‐cardiac events (MACCE).ResultsThe relationship between LDL‐C and HDL‐C with all‐cause mortality was nonlinear (nonlinear p were .004 and <.001, respectively). The relationship between remnant cholesterol and all‐cause mortality was linear (linearity p = .023). Among men, those in the highest LDL‐C level (Q4, LDL‐C > 114) and those in the lowest HDL‐C level (Q1, HDL‐C < 30) showed a significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared to other groups (compared with Q3, LDL‐C Q4, HR = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02–1.26, p = .014; HDL‐C Q1, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31, p = .041). Female patients in the lowest HDL‐C level (Q1, HDL‐C < 30) showed a significantly higher (compared with Q3, HR = 1.14, 95% CI:1.01–1.31, p = .028) and those in the highest HDL‐C level (Q4, HDL‐C > 43) showed a significantly lower (compared with Q3, HR = 0.74, 95% CI:0.58–0.98, p = .019) risk of all‐cause mortality.ConclusionDetermining a universal cut off for components of lipid profile may be misleading and should better be revised. Extreme values (very low or very high) for HDL‐C and LDL‐C have different effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
Dental implant treatment for two adjacent missing teeth in the esthetic region: A systematic review and 10‐year results of a prospective comparative pilot study
Authors: Meijer Henny J. A. , Stellingsma Kees , Pol Christiaan W. P. , Vissink Arjan , Gareb Barzi , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the systematic review was to compare studies on implant‐supported two‐unit cantilever crowns with two adjacent implant‐supported crowns in the anterior region. The second aim was to assess in a 10‐year prospective comparative pilot study, hard and soft peri‐implant tissue changes in patients with a missing central and adjacent lateral upper incisor, treated with either an implant‐supported two‐unit cantilever crown or two single implant‐supported crowns.Materials and MethodsMedline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched (last search March 1, 2023). Inclusion criteria were studies reporting outcomes of two missing adjacent teeth in the esthetic region and treated with a single implant‐supported two‐unit cantilever fixed dental prosthesis, or with two solitary implant‐supported crowns. Outcome measures assessed included implant survival (primary), changes in marginal bone and gingiva level, restoration survival, subjective and objective esthetic scores, papilla volume, mid‐facial marginal mucosa level, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and biological and technical complications with ≥1‐year follow‐up. In addition, in a 10‐year pilot study, the same outcome measures were assessed of five patients with a single implant‐supported two‐unit cantilever crown and compared with five patients with two adjacent single implant‐supported crowns in the esthetic zone.ResultsNine articles with 11 study groups were found eligible for data extraction. Meta‐analyses of implant survival rates were 96.9% (mean follow‐up 3.4 ± 1.4 years) for the implant‐cantilever treatment and 97.6% (mean follow‐up 3.0 ± 1.8 years) for the adjacent implants treatment (p = .79). In the 10‐year comparative pilot study, no clinically relevant changes in hard and soft peri‐implant tissue levels occurred in both groups. Patient satisfaction was also high in both groups.ConclusionSingle implant‐supported two‐unit crowns can be a viable alternative to the placement of two adjacent single implant crowns in the esthetic zone.
Doppler shift with Archimedes Optimization Algorithm for localizing unknown nodes in underwater sensor networks
Authors: S Kaliraj , B Hariharan , V Sivakumar , J S Femilda Josephin , R Siva , P N Senthil Prakash 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe issue of underwater sensor network (UWSN) localization has led to the aim of techniques presented in recent years. In this paper, we develop Doppler shift with Archimedes Optimization Algorithm for localizing unknown nodes in UWSN. The projected method predicts that sink node plays a major function in managing the computational load contrasted with the remaining nodes in the network of underwater. This node localization is proceeding with frequency shifts of sound waves contrasted toward real, which are present once observer in addition source can be mobile as they do in a marine atmosphere. The proposed technique is utilized to compute the estimated position of an unknown sensor node; here Archimedes' optimization algorithm is utilized to reduce the error during localization of nodes in UWSNs. This proposed technique can be enhancing the accuracy of the localization of nodes in UWSNs. This proposed methodology can be implemented and evaluated with the help of performance metrics. To validate the proposed technique's efficiency, it is contrasted with conventional techniques like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).
Efficacy and associated factors of endoscopic transpapillary drainage for postoperative biliary leakage
Authors: Murata Jun , Shigekawa Minoru , Ishii Shuji , Suda Takahiro , Ikezawa Kenji , Hirao Motohiro , Matsumoto Kengo , Kegasawa Tadashi , Iwahashi Kiyoshi , Iio Sadaharu , Nakanishi Fumihiko , Nakazuru Shoichi , Yoshida Yuichi , Yamai Takuo , Sato Katsuhiko , Yoshioka Teppei , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdequate biliary decompression is important in treating bile leaks, and endoscopic transpapillary drainage is widely used for this purpose. As an indicator to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic drainage for postoperative biliary leakage, we focused on external drain removability, which affects quality of life, after endoscopic treatment. Our aim was to clarify the success rate of external tube removal after endoscopic drainage for postoperative biliary leakage and to examine associated factors.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study; 99 patients with biliary leakage at 13 institutions were enrolled between April 2014 and March 2019. Among these patients, 66 who were initially treated with endoscopic interventions for biliary leakage after cholecystectomy (n = 17) or hepatectomy (n = 49) were reviewed.ResultsIn post‐cholecystectomy biliary leakage, the external‐drain‐free rate at first endoscopic intervention was 100%, and the drains, including transpapillary stents, were successfully removed in almost all cases (16/17). In contrast, in post‐hepatectomy biliary leakage, the external‐drain‐free rate was 44.9% (22/49), with all 22 of those patients eventually becoming entirely drain‐free. A lower body mass index was the only significant factor associated with freedom from external drainage in post‐hepatectomy biliary leakage (odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.65).ConclusionsInitial endoscopic treatment was effective for post‐cholecystectomy biliary leakage, while approximately half of the patients with post‐hepatectomy biliary leakage required multidisciplinary management. Achieving freedom from external drainage contributes to patients’ quality of life and may be a predictor of treatment response after endoscopic therapy for postoperative biliary leakage.
Failure to control conventional cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes might explain worse mortality
Authors: Stedman Michael , Whyte Martin B. , Laing Ian , Fryer Anthony A. , Torres Bernardo Meza , Robinson Adam , Mannan Fahmida , Gibson J. Martin , Rayman Gerry , Heald Adrian H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe standardised mortality rate (SMR) for people with diabetes in England is 1.5–1.7, with differences in outcomes between sexes. There has been little work examining the factors that could have an impact on this or on what may determine sex differences in outcome.MethodsData were extracted for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Salford (England) in 2010 for the years up to 2020, including any deaths recorded. Expected deaths were calculated from annual Office of National Statistics mortality rate and life expectancy by age and gender, adjusted for the local Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). This provided the SMR deprivation (SMRd), and life expectancy years lost per death (LEYLD). The effects of treatment type, and clinical features on SMRd relative to sex were examined by univariable and multivariable analysis.ResultsData from n = 11,806 (F = 5184; M = 6622) patients were included. Of these, n = 5540 were newly diagnosed and n = 3921 died (F = 1841; M = 2080). In total, n = 78,930 patient years. The expected deaths numbered n = 2596 (adjusted for age, sex, and IMD). Excess deaths were n = 1325 (F = 689; M = 636). Life expectancy years lost (LEYL) 18,989 (F = 9714; M = 9275). SMRd 1.51 (F = 1.60; M = 1.44) and LEYLD 4.84 years (F = 5.28; M = 4.46). The impact of risk factors was not different by sex. However, women had higher prevalence of % diagnosed >65 years of age; % last eGFR <60 mLs/min/1.73 m2, and lower prevalence of % prescribed ACE‐inhibitor/ARB, DPP4‐inhibitor and SGLT2‐inhibitor. Applying the male prevalence rate to the female population and expected mortality suggested n = 437 (55%) of excess T2D female deaths were attributed to sex difference in the prevalence of these risk and protective factors.ConclusionsOutcomes in women with T2DM are worse than in men, contributed to by greater prevalence of adverse factors and less prescribing of cardioprotective medication.
Effects of litter quality on foraging behaviour and demographic parameters in Folsomia candida (Collembola)
Authors: Argote Karolina , Albert Cecile H. , Geslin Benoît , Biryol Charlotte , Santonja Mathieu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLitter quality has long been associated with demographic parameters of Collembola populations. However, little is known about the capacity of Collembola to perceive and seek better litter quality. To address this gap, three complementary laboratory experiments were carried out with the Collembola Folsomia candida. First, populations were fed on three different types of leaf litters (Quercus pubescens, Acer opalus and Prunus avium) and a control (agar‐agar‐brewer's yeast mixture) for 6 weeks to assess their impacts on demography (reproduction rate and population size). Second, the body length of individuals differentially fed with the same four types of resources was measured to assess a functional trait that can potentially affect movement parameters such as prospected area or foraging speed. Third, F. candida single individuals were exposed to the same litter quality gradient and placed at an increasing distance from the litter (from 1 to 5 cm). For 10 min, their foraging behaviour was recorded which included prospected area, foraging speed, perception distance and success in reaching the litter (foraging success). As expected, low‐quality litter (i.e. Q. pubescens) contributed to low population growth compared to the control treatment and the high‐quality litters (P. avium and A. opalus). In the third experiment, the probability of finding the resource was negatively correlated to the distance, but was unrelated to the litter quality and the Collembola body length. When resource was perceived, F. candida was able to switch from non‐directional to directional movements, with a large variability in the perception distance from a few millimetres to several centimetres. Taken together, our results indicate that litter quality plays a relevant role in Collembola demographic parameters once the population settles on litter patch, but not on foraging behaviour to select high‐quality resources.
A hierarchical neural network model for Japanese toward detecting mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Goto Tetsuji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe found that some signs of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) might be presented in a structure of a sentence and a relation between sentences talked by a man, and develop a neural network model which has an analogy with the hierarchical structure of speakers, topics, sentences and words in Japanese. We build our model based on 2‐layered bi‐directional LSTM, corresponding to words‐sentences and sentences‐topics hierarchy. As a layer corresponding to speakers, we use a linear classifier with self‐attention. The test result shows a largely improved AUC, compared with another test by using the normal 2‐layered bi‐directional LSTM with TBPTT. The result also indicates that there are some characteristic patterns in a talk by an elderly person with MCI. We classify the character vectors of topics generated from our model through learning into clusters whose number is 1/10 of the number of persons in our data. Since these clusters have almost less than 10% or more than 90% rate of positive share, we conclude that we can develop a screening method based on a talk in Japanese by an elderly person in the near future.
Connecting local and regional scales with stochastic metacommunity models: Competition, ecological drift, and dispersal
Authors: Lerch Brian A. , Rudrapatna Akshata , Rabi Nasser , Wickman Jonas , Koffel Thomas , Klausmeier Christopher A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the well known scale‐dependency of ecological interactions, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding the dynamic interplay between various spatial scales. This is especially notable in metacommunity theory, where births and deaths dominate dynamics within patches (the local scale), and dispersal and environmental stochasticity dominate dynamics between patches (the regional scale). By considering the interplay of local and regional scales in metacommunities, the fundamental processes of community ecology—selection, drift, and dispersal—can be unified into a single theoretical framework. Here, we analyze three related spatial models that build on the classic two‐species Lotka–Volterra competition model. Two open‐system models focus on a single patch coupled to a larger fixed landscape by dispersal. The first is deterministic, while the second adds demographic stochasticity to allow ecological drift. Finally, the third model is a true metacommunity model with dispersal between a large number of local patches, which allows feedback between local and regional scales and captures the well studied metacommunity paradigms as special cases. Unlike previous simulation models, our metacommunity model allows the numerical calculation of equilibria and invasion criteria to precisely determine the outcome of competition at the regional scale. We show that both dispersal and stochasticity can lead to regional outcomes that are different than predicted by the classic Lotka–Volterra competition model. Regional exclusion can occur when the nonspatial model predicts coexistence or founder control, due to ecological drift or asymmetric stochastic switching between basins of attraction, respectively. Regional coexistence can result from local coexistence mechanisms or through competition‐colonization or successional‐niche trade‐offs. Larger dispersal rates are typically competitively advantageous, except in the case of local founder control, which can favor intermediate dispersal rates. Broadly, our models demonstrate the importance of feedback between local and regional scales in competitive metacommunities and provide a unifying framework for understanding how selection, drift, and dispersal jointly shape ecological communities.
Lessons learned from over thirty years of eelgrass restoration on the US West Coast
Authors: Ward Melissa , Beheshti Kathryn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeagrass habitats, which provide essential ecosystem functions such as water quality improvement, biodiversity support, ocean acidification amelioration, and sediment carbon storage, are declining worldwide. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) habitats along the contiguous US West Coast are threatened by conflicting human uses and global change, resulting in significant protections of and efforts to restore areas where habitat is extant or degraded. Despite a history of eelgrass restoration in this region spanning nearly 60 years, very little work has been published on the subject. Here, we review all available literature on eelgrass restoration projects conducted in California, Oregon, and Washington. Of the 82 restoration projects included in this analysis, which were conducted from 1989 to 2020, only 6 were published in peer‐reviewed journals. Thus, despite the precedent for conducting restoration, a lack of data availability makes assessing regional success, drivers of failure, and best practices extremely difficult. From this synthesis, we find that the majority of restoration projects (73%) have been conducted for mitigation (compliance) purposes, contributing to the lack of peer‐reviewed literature on the subject. We find that while eelgrass mitigation policies serve to maintain eelgrass structure and regional acreages, they do not facilitate assessments of habitat function or incentivize advancements in regional best practices. We also find that when we could evaluate project outcomes, 32.3%–59.6% of restoration plots were unsuccessful by the end of the project, but this percentage is highly dependent on how success is defined. According to restoration practitioners, failure was likely to result from environmental factors such as light, nutrients, or macroalgal blooms, but was occasionally due to logistical factors such as restoration method or approach. From this work, we recommend a standardized, evidence‐based approach to restoration, improved data sharing practices, and careful consideration of existing eelgrass mitigation practices. As marine habitat restoration enters a new global stage, backed by public and private investment, burgeoning carbon markets, and global biodiversity initiatives, it is essential to learn from past work to understand and improve seagrass conservation and restoration success.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with arrhythmia‐induced cardiomyopathy: a prospective multicentre study
Authors: González‐Ferrero Teba , Bergonti Marco , López‐Canoa José Nicolás , Arias Federico García‐Rodeja , Eiras Penas Sonia , Spera Francesco , González‐Maestro Adrián , Minguito‐Carazo Carlos , Martínez‐Sande José Luis , González‐Melchor Laila , García‐Seara Francisco Javier , Fernández‐López Jesús Alberto , Álvarez‐Castro Ezequiel , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Heidbuchel Hein , Sarkozy Andrea , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aims to investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) referred for ablation who develop arrhythmia‐induced cardiomyopathy (AiCM) as well as their long‐term outcomes after catheter ablation (CA).Methods and resultsA prospective multicentre study was conducted on consecutive AF patients who underwent CA. AiCM was defined as the development of heart failure in the presence of AF and an improvement of left ventricular fraction by at least 10% at 6 months after ablation. A subgroup of patients underwent peripheral and left atrial blood samples [galectin‐3, fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4), and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE)] at the time of the procedure. Of the 769 patients who underwent AF ablation, 135 (17.56%) met the criteria for AiCM. Independent predictors of AiCM included persistent AF, male gender, left atrial volume, QRS width, active smoking, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Biomarker analysis revealed that sRAGE, FABP4, and galectin‐3 levels were not predictive of AiCM development nor did they differ between groups or predict recurrence. There were no differences in AF recurrence between patients with and without AiCM (30.83% vs. 27.77%; P = 0.392) during a median follow‐up of 23.83 months (inter‐quartile range 9–36).ConclusionsIn the subset of patients referred for AF ablation, the development of AiCM was associated with persistent AF and CKD. Biomarker analysis was not different between groups nor predicted recurrence. Patients with AiCM benefited from ablation, with a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and similar AF recurrence rates to those without AiCM.
Preferential exclusion chromatography as a capture step for extracellular AAV harvest from adherent and suspension productions
Authors: Leskovec Maja , Raspor Andrej , Fujs Veronika , Mihevc Andrej , Štrancar Aleš 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPreferential exclusion chromatography (PXC) sometimes described as hydrophobic interaction chromatography is a well‐known, but not widely used technique for purification of Adeno‐associated viruses. It employs high molarity of preferentially excluded cosolvent (salt in our case). The downside of this method is that high molarity of salt can lead to aggregation and precipitation of different compounds from the sample. In the case of viruses that are excreted to medium, the concentration of impurities is much lower compared to cell lysates, and PXC can be used as a first chromatographic, serotype independent step to concentrate and purify adeno‐associated virus (AAV). Here, we explored PXC for adherent and suspension harvests using monolithic chromatographic columns (CIMmultus). Suspension extracellular adeno‐associated virus, serotype 9 (AAV9) harvest had more impurities compared to adherent harvest, therefore it required higher input regarding method development. Final conditions for suspension harvest included higher molarity of binding salt and using more open channel format of chromatographic column (6 µm channel size). Vector genome analysis with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) revealed 84% and 97% recovery for suspension and adherent AAV9 harvest, respectively. After PXC capture step, adherent AAV9 was purified by already described ion exchange techniques. Overall process vector genome recovery, from clarified harvest to anion exchange elution fraction, was 54% measured by ddPCR. Residual host cell DNA was measured at 40 ng per 1E13 vector genome, and empty AAV was below 5% in final anion exchange chromatography fraction.
Design and numerical study of a bidirectional acoustic microfluidic pump enabled by microcantilever arrays
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Zheng Lican , Xie Yu , Zhang Chen , Liu Sirui , Jiang Chongjie , Zhou Wei , Luo Tao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrofluidics offers a versatile and promising platform for various applications in biomedical and other fields, boasting cost‐effectiveness, rapid analysis time, and a compact equipment footprint. However, achieving controlled and versatile microfluidic motion within implantable devices presents a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a novel bidirectional micro‐pump design that leverages two sharp‐edge microcantilever arrays, driven by ultrasound, to enable selective flow direction by manipulating the ultrasound frequency. Through systematic numerical simulation, we demonstrate the feasibility of this design and further optimize its performance through comprehensive parametric analysis. This work provides valuable guidance for the practical development of sharp‐edge‐based acoustic micro‐pumps, particularly for potential implantable applications such as controlled drug release and in vivo sampling for advanced diagnostics.