bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mutational landscape and its longitudinal dynamics in relapsed and refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Witte Hanno , Künstner Axel , Hahn Thomas , Bernard Veronica , Stölting Stephanie , Kusch Kathrin , Nagarathinam Kumar , Khandanpour Cyrus , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Bauer Arthur , Grunert Michael , Hartung Svenja , Arndt Annette , Steinestel Konrad , Merz Hartmut , Busch Hauke , Feller Alfred C. , Gebauer Niklas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In classic Hodgkin-lymphoma (cHL), only a few cases recur, and only a limited fraction of patients is primary-refractory to standard-polychemotherapy. Underlying genomic features of unfavorable clinical courses remain sparsely characterized. Here, we investigated the genomic characteristics of primary-refractory/relapsed cHL in contrast with responders. Therefore, ultra-deep next-generation panel-sequencing was performed on a total of 59 FFPE-samples (20 responders, 26 relapsed (rHL: 11 initial-diagnosis, 15 relapse) and 13 primary-refractory (prHL: 8 initial-diagnosis, 5 progression) from 44 cHL-patients applying a hybrid-capture approach. We compared samples associated with distinct disease courses concerning their oncogenic drivers, mutational signatures, and perturbed pathways. Compared to responders, mutations in genes such as PMS2, PDGFRB, KAT6A, EPHB1, and HGF were detected more frequently in prHL/rHL. Additionally, we observed that in rHL or prHL, BARD1-mutations occur, whereas ETV1, NF1, and MET-mutations were eliminated through clonal selection. A significant enrichment of non-synonymous variants was detected in prHL compared to responders and a significant selection process in favor of NOTCH-pathway mutations driving rHL or prHL was observed. However, our analysis revealed a negative selection process for non-synonymous variants affecting the hippo-pathway. This study delineates distinct mutational signatures between responders and rHL/prHL, whilst illustrating longitudinal dynamics in mutational profiles using paired samples. Further, several exploitable therapeutic vulnerabilities for rHL and prHL were identified.
Cavernous tissue preservation technique versus conventional technique during penile prosthesis implantation: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Alhefnawy Mohamed Abdelrahman , Deif Hazem Abdelsabour , wahsh Ahmed Farag , Ahmed Mohamed Gamal , El-Taher Ahmed Mohammed , Morsy Gamal Abdelmalek , Mahmoud Alaa Rafaat , Eldib Helmy Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Few prospective studies in literature with long postoperative follow-up compared between cavernous tissue sparing and conventional penile prosthesis implantation techniques.

Aim
To compare between cavernous tissue sparing and conventional penile prosthesis implantation techniques in terms of patient and partner satisfaction and perioperative outcomes.

Methods
In All, 60 Patients with severe erectile dysfunction were randomized into 2 equal groups; patients undergoing conventional malleable penile prosthesis implantation, and patients undergoing the cavernous tissue-sparing technique. Postoperatively, prosthesis function and patient satisfaction were assessed at 6 weeks after surgery and then 3–6 and 12 months using EDITS and QoLSPP questionnaires. Patients were asked about residual penile tumescence. Perioperative data were recorded.

Results
Modified EDITS questionnaire after 3,6, and 12 months was 76.9 ± 18, 79 ± 17 and 82.3 ± 16 respectively. As QOLSPP questionnaire, 46 (73.8%) subjects were highly satisfied, 25 patients (83.3%) in cavernous tissue sparing and 21 patients (70.00%) in Conventional group. While 14 (26.2%) were less satisfied, 5 patients (16.7%) Cavernous tissue sparing and 9 patients (30.00%) in Conventional group. In the cavernous tissue-sparing group, 26 of 30 patients (86.6%) reported having a significantly higher incidence of residual penile tumescence versus 2 of 30 patients (6.6%) in the conventional surgery group (P < .001). The age of highly satisfied subjects was significantly lower than those less satisfied (p = 0.025), while the BMI of highly satisfied subjects was significantly lower than those less satisfied (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
There is a significantly higher incidence of residual penile tumescence in Cavernous tissue sparing group. Many factors affect male satisfaction rates after PPI as age, and BMI.
“Development and validation towards a Nomogram to predict acute kidney Injury following PCNL”
Authors: Goli Abhishek , Gali Kasi Viswanath , Chawla Arun , Bhaskara Sunil Pillai , Hegde Padmaraj , Agarwal Ankit , Id Email , de la Rosette Jean , Laguna Pilar , Somani Bhaskar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the occurrence, risk factors, and outcomes of post PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), with a secondary goal of developing a nomogram for post-PCNL AKI prediction.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted enrolling 333 patients who underwent PCNL between February 2022 and February 2023. Patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative lab parameters, stone characteristics, intraoperative details, and postoperative AKI were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were employed to construct a nomogram for predicting post-PCNL AKI.

Results
40 patients (12.4%) experienced postoperative AKI, with recovery observed in all cases during the 3-month follow-up. Female gender (p = 0.002), hypertension(p = 0.022), higher serum uric acid levels(p = 0.003), staghorn calculi(p = 0.001), higher Hounsfield Units(p = 0.013), bilateral PCNL(p < 0.001), larger tract size(p = 0.017), longer operative time(p < 0.001), greater stone volume(p = 0.025), higher baseline serum creatinine levels(p < 0.001), higher postoperative total leukocyte count(p = 0.005), and postoperative fever(p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the AKI group. Regression analysis identified female gender (OR = 0.26, p = 0.035), higher serum uric acid levels(OR = 1.62, p = 0.013), bilateral PCNL(OR = 12.55, p < 0.001), longer operation time(OR = 1.02, p = 0.047), and larger stone volume(OR = 1.12, p = 0.015) as independent risk factors for postoperative AKI. The internally validated nomogram(n = 70) for predicting AKI demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.984(95% CI, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
AKI occurs in approximately 12% of patients undergoing PCNL. We identified several significant predictors of post-PCNL AKI, including female gender, hypertension, hyperuricemia, higher Hounsfield units, larger stone volume, bilateral PCNL, larger access tract size, and longer operative time. Awareness of these factors is crucial for optimizing management and improving patient outcomes.
Age-related decrease of odorant sensitivity for a selection of nine diverse molecules
Authors: Sabiniewicz Agnieszka , Krause Malaika , Hummel Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The ability to smell is known to decrease with age. Still, several studies demonstrate that age-related deterioration is not the inevitable fate of each individual but rather depends on “successful aging” and odorant properties. Based on these notions, in the present prospective study, we aimed to investigate odor thresholds in younger and older adults in response to an extended list of various odorants.

Methods
In 58 participants (31% ≥ 50 years old), we assessed thresholds for nine odorants.

Results
General Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) revealed that, independently of the odor context, younger adults had higher odor sensitivity compared to older ones. Furthermore, while molecular weight did not differentiate thresholds of older and younger adults, it impacted odor thresholds regardless of age, with higher sensitivity noted for lightweight molecules.

Conclusion
In conclusion, based on the present findings, odor thresholds decrease with age, with a pronounced effect for molecules with higher weight. Previous studies suggest that the decline in olfactory function is more significant for certain molecules. However, the current results indicate that this may be an odorant-specific phenomenon, as we did not observe this behavior in our study, which included a selection of nine diverse molecules.
Postoperative changes in body composition after laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal liver metastases: data from the randomized OSLO-COMET trial
Authors: Treider Martin Alavi , Romandini Elisa , Alavi Dena Treider , Aghayan Davit , Rasmussen Margrethe K. , Marchegiani Giovanni , Lauritzen Peter M. , Pelanis Egidijus , Edwin Bjørn , Blomhoff Rune , Fretland Åsmund Avdem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Low muscle mass is negatively associated with survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Current evidence is limited regarding whether the surgical approach for liver resection of colorectal metastasis impacts postoperative changes in body composition and whether preoperative body composition can impact complication rate and survival.

Method
This study included patients previously included in the randomized OSLO-COMET trail where patients was allocated to laparoscopic or open liver resection for colorectal liver metastasis. CT scans 0–3 months before and 2–6 months after liver resection were segmented with the artificial intelligence-based tool BodySegAI to measure skeletal muscle mass (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). SM, VAT and IMAT was compared between the open and laparoscopic group and as predictors for 5-year survival and postoperative complications.

Results
This study included 216 patients, median age was 67, 127 (59%) were male, 91 (42%) had primary tumor in rectum and 86 (40%) had multiple liver metastasis. There was no significant difference in postoperative change in SM, VAT or IMAT between those undergoing laparoscopy or open surgery. In multivariate analysis, high preoperative IMAT was a predictor for increased risk of postoperative complications (HR (95% CI): 1.045 (CI 95%: 1.003–1.089), p = 0.034). Moreover, postoperative increase in IMAT was a negative predictor for 5-year survival (HR (95%CI):1.009 (1.003–1.016), p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Postoperative change in body composition did not differ between patients randomly assigned to open or laparoscopic liver resection for colorectal metastasis. High preoperative IMAT was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.
Flow Separation Control of a Vertical Stabiliser Using a Rudder-Mounted Slat
Authors: Muhammad Mahmud Jamil , Wang Yaxing , Mao Xuerui , Choi Kwing-So 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A joint study utilising experimental and numerical methods was carried out to investigate the aerodynamic effect of a rudder-mounted slat on a vertical stabiliser. The wind tunnel test results showed that the side force coefficient was increased more than 3% with a negligible increase in drag when the rudder deflection angle was set to δ = 30°. Large eddy simulation (LES) results suggested that the rudder-mounted slat can increase the circulation around the vertical stabiliser, showing that the flow from the upstream recirculating regions was drawn towards the rudder surface. Associated changes in the turbulent flow field, including the mean and turbulent flow field and the vortical structure are also presented to understand the flow control mechanism by the rudder-mounted slat.
Flexural and torsional response analysis of U-shaped RC walls using the BTM method: insights from a blind-prediction competition and post-test analyses
Authors: Mavros Marios , Murcia-Delso Juan , Panagiotou Marios , Koutromanos Ioannis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper discusses a conceptually simple, computationally efficient, yet very accurate method tailored to the seismic analysis of RC wall components and systems. The method, called the Beam-Truss Model (BTM), has been extensively validated in prior research for various wall configurations under both static and dynamic loads. This paper presents the recent application of the BTM implementation as a shell macroelement to a Blind Prediction Competition hosted by UCLouvain, focused on the flexural and torsional response of two U-shaped walls. The modeling assumptions and blind predictions obtained with the BTM are presented and discussed. Overall, satisfactory response estimations were obtained for the initial stiffness, lateral strength, and deformation capacity of the wall specimens. A post-competition parametric numerical study, aimed to further enhance the accuracy of the method, is also presented. An improved calibration of the confined concrete stress-strain law resulted in a more accurate estimate of the deformation capacity of the wall under flexure. The post-competition analysis successfully captured out-of-plane inelastic buckling of the specimen subjected to flexure load, a failure mode observed for the first time experimentally in a U-shaped wall and captured only from a limited number of finite element studies. Additionally, this paper investigates the influence of torsional stiffness on the flexural and torsional response of BTM-shell models, highlighting its significant impact on the structural behavior predictions. Post-test analyses also revealed that employing a more accurate strain penetration law led to an improved estimation of the energy dissipation of the wall subjected to flexural loading. Finally, a study on the regularization of concrete material softening response was conducted to enhance mesh size objectivity.
Cross-Cultural Examination of Early Childhood Life Skills: Comparative Analysis of Educational Practices in Turkey and Rwanda
Authors: Yildirim Yakup , Niyomugabo Idrissa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This cross-cultural study examines the life skills of preschool children in Turkey and Rwanda, exploring similarities, differences, and the socio-cultural and educational contexts that influence these skills. Life skills, defined as adaptive and positive behaviors that enable individuals to cope effectively with life’s demands, are critical for holistic development. Using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected using the “Preschool Life Skills Scale” from 200 children (100 from each country), while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 30 teachers. Findings demonstrate notable differences in life skills profiles between the two groups, with Turkish children achieving higher scores in specific subdomains like social life, decision-making, and self-care. These differences are contextualized within educational frameworks, socio-economic factors, and community resources in the respective countries. The study highlights the inherent challenges in assessing life skills using psychometric tools and underscores the critical role of culturally adapted education systems. Recommendations focus on fostering life skills through contextualized curricula, targeted investments, and international collaborations that address disparities.
Students’ perceptions towards sustainability in interior design education
Authors: Chellappa Vigneshkumar , Rohatgi Tulika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Providing sustainability education to students establishes a lasting foundation of indigenous capability in addressing economic, environmental, and social challenges. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the perception of sustainability among interior design students in India. This study investigates the perceptions of sustainability among students, focusing on a specific Indian university as a case study. The study employed a survey research design, utilizing questionnaires as the primary data collection method, and employed descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to analyze the data. The results indicate that although the students exhibited a strong sense of importance and keen interest in acquiring knowledge about sustainability, most students exhibited limited familiarity with sustainability. Furthermore, the study identified the three most prevalent understandings of sustainability - renewable energy usage, waste reduction, and energy efficiency. In addition, the study findings reveal notable and statistically significant differences between students’ understanding of sustainability and their academic level and gender. The study findings can potentially drive collaborative efforts among universities and accreditation agencies to promote sustainability knowledge and transformative practices among future interior designers in India.
The Change-Driver Account of Scientific Discovery: Philosophical and Historical Dimensions of the Discovery of the Expanding Universe
Authors: Duerr Patrick M. , Holmes Mills Abigail 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
What constitutes a scientific discovery? What role do discoveries play in science, its dynamics and social practices? The paper explores these questions by first critically examining extant philosophical explications of scientific discovery—the models of scientific discovery, propounded by Kuhn, McArthur, Hudson, and Schindler. As an alternative, we proffer the “change-driver model”. In a nutshell, it conceives of discoveries as problems or solutions to problems that have epistemically advanced science. Here we take a problem to be generated by a datum that we want to account for and make sense of—by putting it in contact with our wider web of scientific knowledge and understanding. The model overcomes the shortcomings of its precursors, whilst preserving their insights. We demonstrate its intensional and extensional superiority, especially with respect to the link between scientific discoveries and the dynamics of science, as well as with respect to its reward system. Both as an illustration, and as an application to a recent scientific and political controversy, we apply the considered models of discovery to one of the most momentous discoveries of science: the expansion of the universe. We oppose the 2018 proposal of the International Astronomical Union as too simplistic vis-à-vis the historical complexity of the episode, and as problematically reticent about the underlying—and in fact crucial—philosophical-conceptual presuppositions regarding the notion of a discovery. The change-driver model yields a more nuanced and circumspect verdict: (i) The redshift-distance relation shouldn’t be named the “Hubble-Lemaître Law”, but “Slipher-Hubble-Humason Law”; (ii) Its interpretation in terms of an expanding universe, however, Lemaître ought to be given credit for; (iii) The Big Bang Model, establishing the expansion of the universe as an evidentially fully warranted result in the 1950s or 1960s (and a communal achievement, rather than an individually attributable one), doesn’t qualify as a discovery itself, but was inaugurated by, and in turn itself led to, several discoveries.
Biobased TPU for Melt Spun Multifilament Yarns as a Sustainable Alternative for Conventional Fossil Based TPU
Authors: Lukoschek Stephanie , Frankenbach Leopold Alexander , Kruppke Iris , Cherif Chokri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a unique polymer known for its excellent physical and chemical properties including exceptional elasticity and durability, excellent abrasion resistance and resistance to oil, water, acids and alkalis, making it indispensable in various industries. In recent years, growing environmental concerns have let to the development of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane from renewable resources which provide a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil-based TPUs. This study investigates the melt spinning process of two types of TPU: Desmopan 385E, a conventional TPU, and Desmopan CQ33085AUEC, a partially bio-based TPU, focusing on their potential for high performance multifilament yarns. A comprehensive study evaluated their thermal, rheological and mechanical properties, as well as their processability at different drawdown ratios (DDR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed differences in decomposition temperatures and thermal stability while melt flow rate (MFR) testing optimized melt spinning parameters. Rheological measurements showed viscosity reductions of up to 90% after spinning, reflecting structural transformations such as chain alignment and scission, with implications for processing and yarn performance. Both TPU types were successfully processed into multifilament yarns under comparable spinning conditions, achieving process speeds of up to 2000 m/min. Mechanical tests revealed differences in tensile strength and elongation, with the bio-based TPU achieving mechanical properties comparable to or 7,4% better in tensile strength than those of its conventional counterpart, highlighting the potential of bio-based TPU as a sustainable alternative for technical textile applications.
TCR: topologically consistent reweighting for XGBoost in regression tasks
Authors: Zühlke Monty-Maximilian , Kudenko Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gradient boosted tree ensembles (GBTEs) such as XGBoost continue to outperform other machine learning models on tabular data. However, the plethora of adjustable hyperparameters can exacerbate optimisation, especially in regression tasks with no intuitive performance measures such as accuracy and confidence. Automated machine learning frameworks alleviate the hyperparameter search for users, but if the optimisation procedure ends prematurely due to resource constraints, it is questionable whether users receive good models. To tackle this problem, we introduce a cost-efficient method to retrofit previously optimised XGBoost models by retraining them with a new weight distribution over the training instances. We base our approach on topological results, which allows us to infer model-agnostic weights for specific regions of the data distribution where the targets are more susceptible to input perturbations. By linking our theory to the training procedure of XGBoost regressors, we then establish a topologically consistent reweighting scheme, which is independent of the specific model instance. Empirically, we verify that our approach improves prediction performance, outperforms other reweighting methods and is much faster than a hyperparameter search. To enable users to find the optimal weights for their data, we provide guides based on our findings on 20 datasets. Our code is available at: https://github.com/montymaxzuehlke/tcr.
A Statistical Study of Latent Diffusion Models for Geological Facies Modeling
Authors: Ovanger Oscar , Lee Daesoo , Eidsvik Jo , Hauge Ragnar , Skauvold Jacob , Aune Erlend 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There has been much interest recently in implicit artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches for geostatistical facies modeling. New generative machine learning constructions such as latent diffusion models (LDMs) appear to be competitive with traditional geostatistical approaches for facies characterization. Going beyond visual inspection of predictions, this study examines properties of the statistical distribution of samples generated by an LDM trained to generate facies models. The study uses a traditional truncated Gaussian random field (TGRF) model as a reference data-generating process and as the ground truth for benchmarking the LDM results. The distributions of realizations drawn from the LDM and TGRF models are compared using metrics including bias, variance, higher-order statistics, transiograms and Jensen–Shannon divergence for both marginal and joint (volume) distributions. Comparisons are made with and without conditioning on facies observations in wells for both stationary and nonstationary TGRF models with different covariance functions. The observed distributional differences are modest, and LDMs are regarded as a very promising approach here. Even so, some systematic artifacts are observed, such as underrepresentation of variability by the LDM. Moreover, the performance of the LDM is found to be sensitive to the training data.