bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the spin texture of graphene with size-specific Cu
n
clusters: a first-principles study
Authors: Murugesan Ramasamy , Janssens Ewald , Van de Vondel Joris , Afanas’ev Valeri , Houssa Michel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The size dependent interaction of Cu
n
(n = 1‒5) clusters with pristine and defective (C-vacancy) graphene is studied by employing density functional theory. The computed binding energies are in the range of ∼0.5 eV for pristine graphene and ∼3.5 eV for defective graphene, indicating a much stronger interaction in the later system. The induced spin–orbit coupling interaction, due to the proximity of the Cu
n
cluster, is studied with non-collinear spin-polarized simulations. The clusters cause a spin splitting in the order of few meV. The resultant low energy bands spin textures are also computed, and a spin–valley coupling in the case of even atom clusters on pristine graphene is predicted, leading to the emergence of a spin lifetime anisotropy. For defective graphene, a complete out-of-plane spin texture and a large spin splitting of 40–100 meV is obtained for Cu
n
(n = 1, 2, 3, 5) clusters due to local magnetic moment. On the other hand, for Cu4/defective graphene, having no net magnetic moment, the spin–valley coupling prevails close to the band edges.
‘She Don’t Speak, But She Remembers’: Shakespeare’s Silent Specters in A Song of Ice and Fire
Authors: Kellermann Jonas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article reads the resurrected Catelyn Stark, also known as Lady Stoneheart, in George R. R. Martin’s series of fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, as a spectral adaptation of female silence in the works of William Shakespeare, especially of Hermione in The Winter’s Tale. Like Hermione, Catelyn experiences the loss of her son, dies herself shortly thereafter, and miraculously returns from the dead as a stone-like, voiceless figure. Yet, unlike Hermione, resurrection transforms Catelyn into a merciless embodiment of vengeance, whose grotesque appearance and persona shed a provocative new light on the representation of maternal grief and misogynist violence in Shakespearean drama. Hermione’s ambivalent silence at the end of The Winter’s Tale thus takes on an unequivocal tone of rage in her contemporary specter. Lady Stoneheart also exemplifies the adaptational tension between Martin’s series and the TV show Game of Thrones, in the latter of which Lady Stoneheart—while being absent—still maintains a haunting discursive presence.
KNeMAP: a network mapping approach for knowledge-driven comparison of transcriptomic profiles
Authors: Pavel Alisa , del Giudice Giusy , Fratello Michele , Ghemtio Leo , Di Lieto Antonio , Yli-Kauhaluoma Jari , Xhaard Henri , Federico Antonio , Serra Angela , Greco Dario 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Transcriptomic data can be used to describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of a chemical compound. However, omics data tend to be complex and prone to noise, making the comparison of different datasets challenging. Often, transcriptomic profiles are compared at the level of individual gene expression values, or sets of differentially expressed genes. Such approaches can suffer from underlying technical and biological variance, such as the biological system exposed on or the machine/method used to measure gene expression data, technical errors and further neglect the relationships between the genes. We propose a network mapping approach for knowledge-driven comparison of transcriptomic profiles (KNeMAP), which combines genes into similarity groups based on multiple levels of prior information, hence adding a higher-level view onto the individual gene view. When comparing KNeMAP with fold change (expression) based and deregulated gene set-based methods, KNeMAP was able to group compounds with higher accuracy with respect to prior information as well as is less prone to noise corrupted data.

Result
We applied KNeMAP to analyze the Connectivity Map dataset, where the gene expression changes of three cell lines were analyzed after treatment with 676 drugs as well as the Fortino et al. dataset where two cell lines with 31 nanomaterials were analyzed. Although the expression profiles across the biological systems are highly different, KNeMAP was able to identify sets of compounds that induce similar molecular responses when exposed on the same biological system.

Availability and implementation
Relevant data and the KNeMAP function is available at: https://github.com/fhaive/KNeMAP and 10.5281/zenodo.7334711.
Modeling biomarker variability in joint analysis of longitudinal and time-to-event data
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Shen Jiaming , Charalambous Christiana , Pan Jianxin 
Published: May 2023

Summary
The role of visit-to-visit variability of a biomarker in predicting related disease has been recognized in medical science. Existing measures of biological variability are criticized for being entangled with random variability resulted from measurement error or being unreliable due to limited measurements per individual. In this article, we propose a new measure to quantify the biological variability of a biomarker by evaluating the fluctuation of each individual-specific trajectory behind longitudinal measurements. Given a mixed-effects model for longitudinal data with the mean function over time specified by cubic splines, our proposed variability measure can be mathematically expressed as a quadratic form of random effects. A Cox model is assumed for time-to-event data by incorporating the defined variability as well as the current level of the underlying longitudinal trajectory as covariates, which, together with the longitudinal model, constitutes the joint modeling framework in this article. Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators are established for the present joint model. Estimation is implemented via an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with fully exponential Laplace approximation used in E-step to reduce the computation burden due to the increase of the random effects dimension. Simulation studies are conducted to reveal the advantage of the proposed method over the two-stage method, as well as a simpler joint modeling approach which does not take into account biomarker variability. Finally, we apply our model to investigate the effect of systolic blood pressure variability on cardiovascular events in the Medical Research Council elderly trial, which is also the motivating example for this article.
Intratumoral injection therapies for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: systematic review
Authors: Willink Coen Ysbrand , Jenniskens Sjoerd Franciscus Maria , Klaassen Nienke Johanna Maria , Stommel Martijn Willem Jan , Nijsen Johannes Frank Wilhelmus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses of all cancers. Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer have a 12.7–20.2 per cent chance of receiving curative surgery after induction systemic chemotherapy. Intratumoral injection therapies have been studied as complementary treatment options for improved local tumour control. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of intratumoral injection therapies, their safety, and oncological outcome in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for articles written in English up to 28 November 2022. All study designs involving at least five patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who were treated with an intratumoral injection therapy were included. Critical appraisal of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results
After evaluation of the 1680 articles yielded by the systematic search, 52 studies treating 1843 patients were included. Included intratumoral injection treatment modalities comprised iodine-125 (125I) seed brachytherapy (32 studies, 1283 patients), phosphorus-32 (32P) microbrachytherapy (5 studies, 133 patients), palladium-103 (103Pd) seed brachytherapy (2 studies, 26 patients), immunotherapy (9 studies, 330 patients), and chemotherapy (4 studies, 71 patients). Overall survival ranged between 7.0 and 16.0 months for 125I, 5.2 and 15.5 months for 32P, 6.9 and 10.0 months for 103Pd, 5.8 and 13.8 months for immunotherapy, and 9.0 and 16.2 months for chemotherapy. Severe complication (greater than or equal to grade III complications using Clavien–Dindo classification) rates were 6.2 per cent for 125I, 49.2 per cent for 32P, 15 per cent for 103Pd, 57.9 per cent for immunotherapy, and 0 per cent for chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Five intratumoral injection therapies are described and an overview is reported. Some intratumoral injection therapies for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer seem safe, although 32P microbrachytherapy and immunotherapy require additional evidence. Currently available data are insufficient to provide firm conclusions regarding the added value to survival. The potential advantage of intratumoral injection therapies complementary to conventional care should be studied in well designed RCTs.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate derived from PRP-Exos promotes angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing via the S1PR1/AKT/FN1 signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Song Peiyang , He Min , Rui Shunli , Duan Xiaodong , Ma Yu , Armstrong David G , Deng Wuquan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a key regulator of vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis, is enriched in exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma (PRP-Exos). However, the potential role of PRP-Exos-S1P in diabetic wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of PRP-Exos-S1P in diabetic angiogenesis and wound repair.

Methods
Exosomes were isolated from PRP by ultracentrifugation and analysed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. The concentration of S1P derived from PRP-Exos was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression level of S1P receptor1–3 (S1PR1–3) in diabetic skin was analysed by Q-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis and proteomic sequencing were conducted to explore the possible signalling pathway mediated by PRP-Exos-S1P. A diabetic mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of PRP-Exos on wound healing. Immunofluorescence for cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) was used to assess angiogenesis in a diabetic wound model.

Results
In vitro, PRP-Exos significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Furthermore, PRP-Exos accelerated the process of diabetic angiogenesis and wound closure in vivo. S1P derived from PRP-Exos was present at a high level, and S1PR1 expression was significantly elevated compared with S1PR2 and S1PR3 in the skin of diabetic patients and animals. However, cell migration and tube formation were not promoted by PRP-Exos-S1P in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with shS1PR1. In the diabetic mouse model, inhibition of S1PR1 expression at wounding sites decreased the formation of new blood vessels and delayed the process of wound closure. Bioinformatics analysis and proteomics indicated that fibronectin 1 (FN1) was closely related to S1PR1 due to its colocalization in the endothelial cells of human skin. Further study supported that FN1 plays an important role in the PRP-Exos-S1P-mediated S1PR1/protein kinase B signalling pathway.

Conclusions
PRP-Exos-S1P promotes angiogenesis in diabetic wound healing via the S1PR1/protein kinase B/FN1 signalling pathway. Our findings provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers using PRP-Exos in the future.
Functional connectivity of cortical-cerebellar networks in relation to sensorimotor behavior and clinical features in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Unruh Kathryn E , Bartolotti James V , McKinney Walker S , Schmitt Lauren M , Sweeney John A , Mosconi Matthew W 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSensorimotor issues are present in the majority of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are associated with core symptoms. The neural systems associated with these impairments remain unclear. Using a visually guided precision gripping task during functional magnetic resonance imaging, we characterized task-based connectivity and activation of cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar visuomotor networks. Participants with ASD (n = 19; ages 10–33) and age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls (n = 18) completed a visuomotor task at low and high force levels. Relative to controls, individuals with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity of right primary motor-anterior cingulate cortex and left anterior intraparietal lobule (aIPL)-right Crus I at high force only. At low force, increased caudate, and cerebellar activation each were associated with sensorimotor behavior in controls, but not in ASD. Reduced left aIPL-right Crus I connectivity was associated with more severe clinically rated ASD symptoms. These findings suggest that sensorimotor problems in ASD, particularly at high force levels, involve deficits in the integration of multimodal sensory feedback and reduced reliance on error-monitoring processes. Adding to literature positing that cerebellar dysfunction contributes to multiple developmental issues in ASD, our data implicate parietal-cerebellar connectivity as a key neural marker underlying both core and comorbid features of ASD.
1-Year Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Household Contacts of Rifampin- and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Krishnan Sonya , Wu Xingye , Kim Soyeon , McIntire Katie , Naini Linda , Hughes Michael D , Dawson Rodney , Mave Vidya , Gaikwad Sanjay , Sanchez Jorge , Mendoza-Ticona Alberto , Gonzales Pedro , Comins Kyla , Shenje Justin , Fontain Sandy Nerette , Omozoarhe Ayotunde , Mohapi Lerato , Lalloo Umesh G , Garcia Ferreira Ana Cristina , Mugah Christopher , Harrington Mark , Shah N Sarita , Hesseling Anneke C , Churchyard Gavin , Swindells Susan , Gupta Amita ,   for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5300/International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials I2003 Protecting Households on Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients Feasibility Study Team* (Additional study group members are listed in the Acknowledgment section)
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis infection (TBI) and TB disease (TBD) incidence remains poorly described following household contact (HHC) rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB exposure. We sought to characterize TBI and TBD incidence at 1 year in HHCs and to evaluate TB preventive treatment (TPT) use in high-risk groups.

Methods
We previously conducted a cross-sectional study of HHCs with rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB in 8 high-burden countries and reassessed TBI (interferon-gamma release assay, HHCs aged ≥5 years) and TBD (HHCs all ages) at 1 year. Incidence was estimated across age and risk groups (&lt;5 years; ≥5 years, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]; ≥5 years, not diagnosed with HIV/unknown, baseline TBI-positive) by logistic or log-binomial regression fitted using generalized estimating equations.

Results
Of 1016 HHCs, 850 (83.7%) from 247 households were assessed (median, 51.4 weeks). Among 242 HHCs, 52 tested interferon-gamma release assay–positive, yielding a 1-year 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7–27.4) TBI cumulative incidence. Sixteen of 742 HHCs developed confirmed (n = 5), probable (n = 3), or possible (n = 8) TBD, yielding a 2.3% (95% CI, 1.4–3.8) 1-year cumulative incidence (1.1%; 95% CI, .5–2.2 for confirmed/probable TBD). TBD relative risk was 11.5-fold (95% CI, 1.7–78.7), 10.4-fold (95% CI, 2.4–45.6), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, .5–17.8) higher in age &lt;5 years, diagnosed with HIV, and baseline TBI high-risk groups, respectively, vs the not high-risk group (P = .0015). By 1 year, 4% (21 of 553) of high-risk HHCs had received TPT.

Conclusions
TBI and TBD incidence continued through 1 year in rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB HHCs. Low TPT coverage emphasizes the need for evidence-based prevention and scale-up, particularly among high-risk groups.
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Effects of Eplerenone on Myocardial Perfusion and Function Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)—Results From the MIRACLE HIV Study
Authors: Srinivasa Suman , Walpert Allie R , Thomas Teressa S , Huck Daniel M , Jerosch-Herold Michael , Islam Sabeeh , Lu Michael T , Burdo Tricia H , deFilippi Christopher R , Dunderdale Carolyn N , Feldpausch Meghan , Iyengar Sanjna , Shen Grace , Baak Stephen , Torriani Martin , Robbins Gregory K , Lee Hang , Kwong Raymond , DiCarli Marcelo , Adler Gail K , Grinspoon Steven K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Increased renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activity may contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in people with HIV (PWH). We investigated how RAAS blockade may improve myocardial perfusion, injury, and function among well-treated PWH.

Methods
Forty PWH, on stable ART, without known heart disease were randomized to eplerenone 50 mg PO BID (n = 20) or identical placebo (n = 20) for 12 months. The primary endpoints were (1) myocardial perfusion assessed by coronary flow reserve (CFR) on cardiac PET or stress myocardial blood flow (sMBF) on cardiac MRI or (2) myocardial inflammation by extracellular mass index (ECMi) on cardiac MRI.

Results
Beneficial effects on myocardial perfusion were seen for sMBF by cardiac MRI (mean [SD]: 0.09 [0.56] vs −0.53 [0.68] mL/min/g; P = .03) but not CFR by cardiac PET (0.01 [0.64] vs −0.07 [0.48]; P = .72, eplerenone vs placebo). Eplerenone improved parameters of myocardial function on cardiac MRI including left ventricular end diastolic volume (−13 [28] vs 10 [26] mL; P = .03) and global circumferential strain (GCS; median [interquartile range 25th–75th]: −1.3% [−2.9%–1.0%] vs 2.3% [−0.4%–4.1%]; P = .03), eplerenone versus placebo respectively. On cardiac MRI, improvement in sMBF related to improvement in global circumferential strain (ρ = −0.65, P = .057) among those treated with eplerenone. Selecting for those with impaired myocardial perfusion (CFR &lt;2.5 and/or sMBF &lt;1.8), there was a treatment effect of eplerenone versus placebo to improve CFR (0.28 [0.27] vs −0.05 [0.36]; P = .04). Eplerenone prevented a small increase in troponin (0.00 [−0.13–0.00] vs 0.00 [0.00–0.74] ng/L; P = .03) without effects on ECMi (0.9 [−2.3–4.3] vs −0.7 [−2.2–−0.1] g/m2; P = .38). CD4+ T-cell count (127 [−38–286] vs −6 [−168–53] cells/μL; P = .02) increased in the eplerenone- versus placebo-treated groups.

Conclusions
RAAS blockade with eplerenone benefitted key indices and prevented worsening of myocardial perfusion, injury, and function among PWH with subclinical cardiac disease when compared with placebo.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02740179 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02740179?term=NCT02740179&draw=2&rank=1).
Hepatitis C Guidance 2023 Update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases– Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Bhattacharya Debika , Aronsohn Andrew , Price Jennifer , Lo Re Vincent ,   the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–Infectious Diseases Society of America HCV Guidance Panel, Heald Jon , Demisashi Genet , Durzy Elizabeth , Davis-Owino Audrey , Tynes Sheila 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases have collaboratively developed evidence-based guidance regarding the diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since 2013. A panel of clinicians and investigators with extensive infectious diseases or hepatology expertise specific to HCV infection periodically reviews evidence from the field and update existing recommendations or introduce new recommendations as evidence warrants.
This update focuses on changes to the guidance since the previous 2020 published update, including ongoing emphasis on recommended universal screening; management recommendations for incomplete treatment adherence; expanded eligibility for simplified chronic HCV infection treatment in adults with minimal monitoring; updated treatment and retreatment recommendations for children as young as 3 years; management and treatment recommendations in the transplantation setting; and screening, treatment, and management recommendations for unique and key populations.
Disagreement between patients’ and general practitioners’ estimates of patient health literacy increases from the top to the bottom of the social ladder: a cross-sectional study in the Paris area
Authors: Casta Céline , Bucher Sophie , Labitrie Pierre , Nadot Théotime , Panjo Henri , Rigal Laurent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Associated with both socioeconomic position and health outcomes, health literacy (HL) may be a mechanism contributing to social disparities. However, it is often difficult for general practitioners (GPs) to assess their patients’ HL level.

Objective
To analyse disagreements about patient HL between GPs and their patients according to the patient’s socioeconomic position.

Methods
For each of the 15 participating GPs (from the Paris-Saclay University network), every adult consulting at the practice on a single day was recruited. Patients completed the European HL Survey questionnaire and provided socio-demographic information. For each patient, doctors answered 4 questions from the HL questionnaire with their opinion of the patient’s HL. The doctor–patient disagreement about each patient’s HL was analysed with mixed logistic models to study its associations with patients’ occupational, educational, and financial characteristics.

Results
The analysis covered the 292 patients (88.2% of the 331 included patients) for whom both patients and GPs responded. The overall disagreement was 23.9%. In all, 71.8% of patients estimated their own HL as higher than their doctors did, and the gap between doctors’ answers and those of their patients widened from the top to the bottom of the social ladder. The odd ratio for the ‘synthetic disagreement’ variable for workers versus managers was 3.48 (95% CI: 1.46–8.26).

Conclusions
The lower the patient’s place on the social ladder, the greater the gap between the patient’s and doctor’s opinion of the patient’s HL. This greater gap may contribute to the reproduction or maintenance of social disparities in care and health.