bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What multiple images say about the large-scale mass maps of galaxy clusters
Authors: Lasko Kekoa , Williams Liliya L R , Ghosh Agniva 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
All lens modelling methods, simply parametrized, hybrid, and free-form, use assumptions to reconstruct galaxy clusters with multiply imaged sources, though the nature of these assumptions (priors) can differ considerably between methods. This raises an important question in strong lens modelling: how much information about the mass model comes from the lensed images themselves, and how much is a consequence of model priors. One way to assess the relative contributions of the lensing data versus model priors is to estimate global lens properties through images alone, without any prior assumptions about the mass distribution. This is our approach. We use 200 mock cluster lenses, half of which have substructures, which vary from clumpy and compact to smooth and extended, a simulated cluster Ares, and real clusters Abell 1689 and RX J1347.5−1145 to show that the centre, ellipticity, and position angle can be estimated quite well, and nearly perfectly for weakly substructured clusters, implying that the recovery of these properties is largely driven by the images, not priors. However, the correlation between the true and image-estimated amount of substructure has a lot of scatter, suggesting that multiple images do not uniquely constrain substructure. Therefore, in general, lens model priors have a stronger effect on smaller scales. Our analysis partly explains why reconstructions using different methodologies can produce qualitatively different mass maps on substructure scales. Our analysis is not meant to aide or replace lens inversion methods, but only to investigate what cluster properties are constrained with multiple images.
Numerical simulations of the Tayler–Spruit dynamo in proto-magnetars
Authors: Barrère Paul , Guilet Jérôme , Raynaud Raphaël , Reboul-Salze Alexis 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The Tayler–Spruit dynamo is one of the most promising mechanisms proposed to explain angular momentum transport during stellar evolution. Its development in proto-neutron stars spun-up by supernova fallback has also been put forward as a scenario to explain the formation of very magnetized neutron stars called magnetars. Using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations, we model the proto-neutron star interior as a stably stratified spherical Couette flow with the outer sphere that rotates faster than the inner one. We report the existence of two subcritical dynamo branches driven by the Tayler instability. They differ by their equatorial symmetry (dipolar or hemispherical) and the magnetic field scaling, which is in agreement with different theoretical predictions (by Fuller and Spruit, respectively). The magnetic dipole of the dipolar branch is found to reach intensities compatible with observational constraints on magnetars.
Accurate Surveillance of Maternal Deaths is an International Priority
Authors: Shennan A.H. , Green M. , Ridout A.E. 
Published: September 2023

(BMJ. 2022;379:o2691)
Maternal mortality has always been a pressing problem. Over time, deaths of pregnant and postpartum women have been significantly reduced by identifying and implementing interventions to make pregnancy and childbirth safer for both mothers and infants worldwide. Although the total number of deaths has been significantly reduced, a large number of preventable maternal deaths continue.
Will EMTALA Be There for People With Pregnancy-related Emergencies?
Authors: Rosenbaum S. , Somodevilla A. , Casoni M. 
Published: September 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:863–865)
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA), a statute established in 1986 to prevent hospitals from refusing to treat pregnancy-related emergencies, is important to health care in the United States. The EMTALA statute helps safeguard nondiscriminatory hospital emergency medical access to anyone in need. Following the June 24, 2022, decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, the constitutional right to an abortion was returned to state control. This Supreme Court decision poses the questions as to whether EMTALA will continue to help barricade against state laws that prevent emergent hospital care short of life-threatening situations.
US Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality Among Pregnant and Postpartum Persons, 2017-2020
Authors: Bruzelius E. , Martins S.S. 
Published: September 2023

(JAMA. 2022;328:2159–2161)
Drug overdose deaths have significantly increased in the last few years. Many factors have been proposed to explain this increase in the general population, but research is lacking in more specific populations, such as pregnant and postpartum women. This population is at high risk of fatality from overdose, but trends have not been assessed recently. This study aimed to understand changes in drug overdose deaths in pregnant or postpartum individuals, both drug-specific deaths and all deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fibrinogen Concentrate and Maternal Outcomes in Severe Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Population-based Cohort Study With a Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Deleu F. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Chiesa-Dubruille C. , Seco A. , Bonnet M.P. ,   EPIMOMS Study Group
Published: September 2023

(J Clin Anesth. 2022;81:110874)
Severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality globally. While fibrinogen concentrate (FC) has been shown to mitigate blood loss in parturients, there is limited evidence on fibrinogen concentrate’s impact on maternal outcomes in the setting of severe PPH. This study aimed to identify the association between FC administration and maternal outcomes in patients with severe PPH requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusion.
A Multicenter Interdisciplinary Survey of Practices and Opinions Regarding Oral Intake During Labor
Authors: Fiszer E. , Ebrahimoff M. , Axelrod M. , Ioscovich A. , Weiniger C.F. ,   Food in Labor Group
Published: September 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;52:103598)
Restrictive food policies during labor were originally established to decrease the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Over time, the need for restricting food has been questioned and guidelines currently vary between centers. This multicenter national survey was conducted to determine current practices and opinions by obstetric providers concerning maternal oral intake in labor and delivery units.
Single-center Survey of Women Reflecting on Recent Experiences and Preferences of Oral Intake During Labor
Authors: McDermott L. , Pelecanos A. , Krepska A. , de Jersey S. , Sekar R. , Mao D. , Lee G. , Blackie A. , Eley V. 
Published: September 2023

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2022;62:643–649)
In Australia, increases in unplanned surgical intervention during delivery have caused concern relating to the administration of general anesthesia (GA) and the risks associated with a nonfasted status. There are no recommendations about oral intake during active labor, nor any guidelines associated with patient preferences. Current literature is lacking in evaluation of women who are at increased risk for surgical intervention, or how restricting oral intake affects labor and delivery in these circumstances. This study was designed to assess patient preferences and experiences relating to oral intake during labor to inform future guidelines more effectively. Primary outcomes included advice women received and gastrointestinal symptoms experienced during labor.
Use of Induction of Labor and Emergency Cesarean Section and Perinatal Outcomes in English Maternity Services: A National Hospital-level Study
Authors: Gurol-Urganci I. , Jardine J. , Carroll F. , Frémeaux A. , Muller P. , Relph S. , Waite L. , Webster K. , Oddie S. , Hawdon J. , Harris T. , Khalil A. , van der Meulen J. ,   National Maternity and Perinatal Audit Project Team
Published: September 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1899–906)
Maternity services vary widely worldwide. A recent independent review of the National Health Service (NHS) in England looked at what may have been avoidable harm during births between 2000 and 2019. The review found that cesarean delivery (CD) rates were discouraged and intentionally kept low. In response, this study aimed to determine if there was an association between induction of labor and emergency CD in English hospitals and an increased risk of stillbirth, use of neonatal mechanical ventilation in babies born at term, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (ICU).
Local Anesthetic Cardiac Toxicity is Mediated by Cardiomyocyte Calcium Dynamics
Authors: Plakhotnik J. , Zhang L. , Estrada M. , Coles J.G. , Lonnqvist P.A. , Maynes J.T. 
Published: September 2023

(Anesthesiology 2022;137:687–703)
Local anesthetic (LA) has valuable perioperative indications but can also pose cardiac risks to patients when used in high doses. One of these risks is cardiotoxicity, including arrhythmias and contractile depression. Cardiotoxicity can also lead to cardiac arrest, which may be fatal. The mechanism of many local anesthetics is sodium channel blockade; if administered incorrectly or if there is spread beyond the target area, cardiotoxicity can be induced via myocardial sodium channel interruption. The purpose of this study was to understand the risk of LA-induced cardiotoxicity and improve clinical recommendations using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to supplement animal data. The authors hypothesized that bupivacaine and ropivacaine disrupt normal calcium dynamics in opposite ways, supporting previous data in vivo. Researchers evaluated the effects of both bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart contractions and arrhythmias in a rat model and contrasted the effects of calcium supplementation.
Tranexamic Acid at Cesarean Delivery: Drug-Error Deaths
Authors: Moran N.F. , Bishop D.G. , Fawcus S. , Shakur-Still H. , Hofmeyr G.J. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;160:49–52)
Evidence has supported the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage for some time, and it has become standard practice in many places throughout the world. Implementing the recommendation of this treatment, however, has led to many tragic deaths caused by mis-administered medication. TXA has high toxicity, quickly inducing convulsions and causing death in 50% of cases of intrathecal administration.
Exploring Cardiac Effects After Oxytocin 2.5 I U or Carbetocin 100  μg: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Women Undergoing Planned Caesarean Delivery
Authors: Bekkenes M.E. , Fagerland M.W. , Solberg O.G. , Aaberge L. , Klingenberg O. , Norseth J. , Rosseland L.A. 
Published: September 2023

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022;39:928–938)
While oxytocin can be cardioprotective at physiologic levels, higher concentrations are used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and can induce hypotension, ST-depression, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and prolongation of the QTc interval. Further cardiovascular (CV) effects caused directly by oxytocin can result in fatalities in patients with underlying myocardial disease. Such acute risk for susceptible patients warrants characterization of CV changes induced by intravenous oxytocin and its commonly used analog carbetocin as administered to prevent PPH. While carbetocin has demonstrated comparable or improved effect for stimulating uterine contractions and has similar hemodynamic effects to oxytocin, the comparative prevalence of adverse cardiac events is unknown. Myocardial distress can be measured by the release of circulating troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT), which are considered indirect indicators of ischemic heart damage. This exploratory Phase 4 randomized trial queried the difference in troponin release following oxytocin or carbetocin administration to approximate the incidence of cardiac adverse events when used to prevent PPH in women undergoing planned cesarean delivery (CD).
Calcium for Pre-eclampsia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis to Guide Personalized Antenatal Care
Authors: Woo Kinshella M.L. , Sarr C. , Sandhu A. , Bone J.N. , Vidler M. , Moore S.E. , Elango R. , Cormick G. , Belizan J.M. , Hofmeyr G.J. , Magee L.A. , von Dadelszen P. ,   PRECISE Network
Published: September 2023

(BJOG. 2022;129:1833–1843)
Pre-eclampsia effects 2% to 5% of pregnancies. Health disparities are apparent with 99% of maternal pre-eclamptic deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (total deaths are between 30,000 and over 500,000 annually). A daily dose of aspirin (150 mg) has been shown to prevent 60% of preterm (<37 wk of gestation) pre-eclampsia, although it has not been shown to impact term pre-eclampsia (≥37 wk of gestation), accounting for over 70% of disease cases. Systematic reviews have shown that calcium supplementation can also decrease pre-eclampsia rates in parturient women [relative risk (RR) 0.45, 95% CI: 0.31-0.65] and decrease morbidity and preterm birth rates. The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented a guideline of 1.5 to 2.0 g of calcium supplementation daily starting at 20 weeks of gestation for women not receiving adequate calcium through their diet. Questions remain regarding the appropriate calcium dose and which parturient women would benefit most from supplementation. This study aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of calcium to help prevent pre-eclampsia, the optimal dosage amount (high dose of ≥1 g/d or low dose of <1 g/d), the optimal week of gestation that supplementation should commence, and which women would benefit the most from intervention.
Maternal Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy and Mortality in Offspring From Birth to Young Adulthood: National Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Huang C. , Wei K. , Lee P.M.Y. , Qin G. , Yu Y. , Li J. 
Published: September 2023

(BMJ 2022;379:e072157)
A large portion of pregnancies are affected by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and they have been associated with poor outcomes during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, and for children later in life. This study aimed to understand the association between overall and specific maternal HDP with overall and cause-specific mortality in children from birth to adulthood. Secondary to this aim, this study also investigated whether diabetes and education have an additional effect on children’s mortality and whether the timing of onset for HDP makes a difference. Primary outcomes were all causes of death, and secondary outcomes were specific causes: cancer, mental or behavioral disorders, conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations and chromosomal abnormalities, external causes, and diseases related to cardiovascular function, infection or parasite, endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic function, nervous system or sense organs, respiratory system function, digestive system function, musculoskeletal system or connective tissue, or genitourinary system function.
Time to Stop Early Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Authors: Backes C.H. , Slaughter J.L. ,   (commentary on Hundscheid et al. manuscript)
Published: September 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2023;388:1050–1051)
The ductus arteriosus briefly closes soon after birth in healthy term infants while staying open in most extremely preterm infants (<28 wk of gestation). While patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been shown to increase the risk of adverse outcomes, no causative pathway between PDAs and these complications have been established and optimal treatment for PDA in preterm infants is unclear.
Bilateral Foot Drop After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Dorjey Y. 
Published: September 2023

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;158:484–487)
Neurological complications after cesarean delivery (CD) under spinal anesthesia are rare. Bilateral foot drops are one such complication and are extremely uncommon. This brief communication aims to report a case of bilateral foot drop that a patient developed after spinal anesthesia for CD.
Integrative Health An Overview for Nursing Practice
Authors: Helming Mary A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT:
Conventional Western medicine is considered a mainstream approach to healthcare, whereas non-mainstream approaches have included complementary and alternative medicine, referred to as CAM. Today, integrative medicine combines complementary and conventional approaches to care. This article describes terminology and features of complementary, alternative, and integrative methods, and the newer field of integrative nursing. A brief biblical perspective on integrative medicine is offered.
Emotional and Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nursing Students
Authors: Joseph Rachel A. , Turner Tracey , Akers Shanna W. , Whorley Elizabeth , Goodrich Cindy 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT:
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the mental health and educational experiences of nursing students in undergraduate and graduate programs. A larger mixed-methods study aimed to understand how COVID-19 impacted personal lives and learning experiences of students across all programs levels. This article reports on qualitative data obtained from focus groups organized by student program level. Six themes emerged, including fear and uncertainty, trust in God, educational and career concerns, concerns about family, mental health issues, and isolation/lack of human touch. Key areas covered are the emotional and psychological effects of COVID-19 and its factors and the role of faith during COVID-19 among nursing students.
Split or whole liver transplantation? Utilization and posttransplant survival
Authors: Yu Zhuoting , Keskinocak Pinar , Magliocca Joseph F. , Romero Rene , Sokol Joel 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Split liver transplantation (SLT), where a single donor liver is divided for transplantation to 2 recipients, has the potential to increase the availability of size-matched livers for pediatric candidates and expand the supply of donor organs available for adult candidates. Although SLT is a well-established technique, the number of SLTs has remained flat during the past 2 decades, partly due to concerns about the posttransplant survival of SLT recipients compared with whole liver transplantation (WLT) recipients. Prior work on SLT versus WLT survival analysis had limitations because, for pediatric recipients, it did not consider the correlations between donor age/weight and the allograft type, and for adult recipients, it may have included records where the donor livers did not meet the split liver criteria (splittable).

Methods:
Using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network’s database (2003–2019), this study analyzes and compares (i) key characteristics of donors and recipients, (ii) donor-recipient match dynamics (organ offers and accept/decline decisions), and (iii) recipient posttransplant survival, for SLT and WLT.

Results and Conclusions:
The results in this study show that the posttransplant survival of SLT and WLT recipients is similar (controlling for other confounding factors that may impact posttransplant survival), highlighting the importance of SLT for increasing the liver supply and potential benefits for both pediatric and adult candidates.
Isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma with 7-year follow-up: A case report
Authors: Wójcik-Niklewska Bogumiła , Sirek Sebastian , Tronina Agnieszka , Filipek Erita 
Published: September 2023

Rationale:
Retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) is a rare benign tumor originating from astrocytic cells located in the neural cell layer of the retina. It is commonly seen in patients with phakomatoses such as tuberous sclerosis complex or neurofibromatosis, rarely as an isolated retinal mass. This lesion is usually asymptomatic; however, these located in the area of the optic nerve, macula, or exhibiting the features of exudation, neovascularization may present visual disturbances and decreased visual acuity.

Patient concerns:
We present a rare case of a 15-year-old boy, with no significant past medical history, whose cause of visual disturbances turned out to be isolated RAH.

Diagnoses:
Based on the results of color images of the fundus, fluorescein angiography as well as the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging, the patient was diagnosed with RAH.

Interventions:
Additionally an B-scan ultrasonography, static and kinetic perimetry were performed.

Outcomes:
Fundoscopic examination showed a unilateral yellowish, well-circumscribed, mulberry-like lesion with a wide base, located in inferosnasal quadrant, in the vinicity of the optic nerve. The patient underwent neurological, pediatric, and genetic evaluations that excluded other pathological findings or underlying systemic disease.

Lessons:
The prognosis for RAH is generally good, however, the lesion requires regular ophthalmologic follow-up to rule out the progression of the tumor mass. The patient 7-year follow-up history is without evidence of tumor growth, local or general deterioration of the condition.
Demonstration of the impact of COVID-19 on metabolic associated fatty liver disease by bioinformatics and system biology approach
Authors: Huang Tengda , Zheng Dawei , Song Yujia , Pan Hongyuan , Qiu Guoteng , Xiang Yuchu , Wang Zichen , Wang Fang 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a great threat to human health. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a liver disease with a high prevalence rate. Previous studies indicated that MAFLD led to increased mortality and severe case rates of COVID-19 patients, but its mechanism remains unclear.

Methods:
This study analyzed the transcriptional profiles of COVID-19 and MAFLD patients and their respective healthy controls from the perspectives of bioinformatics and systems biology to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms between the 2 diseases. Specifically, gene expression profiles of COVID-19 and MAFLD patients were acquired from the gene expression omnibus datasets and screened shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology and pathway function enrichment analysis were performed for common DEGs to reveal the regulatory relationship between the 2 diseases. Besides, the hub genes were extracted by constructing a protein-protein interaction network of shared DEGs. Based on these hub genes, we conducted regulatory network analysis of microRNA/transcription factors–genes and gene - disease relationship and predicted potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and MAFLD.

Results:
A total of 3734 and 589 DEGs were screened from the transcriptome data of MAFLD (GSE183229) and COVID-19 (GSE196822), respectively, and 80 common DEGs were identified between COVID-19 and MAFLD. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the shared DEGs were involved in inflammatory reaction, immune response and metabolic regulation. In addition, 10 hub genes including SERPINE1, IL1RN, THBS1, TNFAIP6, GADD45B, TNFRSF12A, PLA2G7, PTGES, PTX3 and GADD45G were identified. From the interaction network analysis, 41 transcription factors and 151 micro-RNAs were found to be the regulatory signals. Some mental, Inflammatory, liver diseases were found to be most related with the hub genes. Importantly, parthenolide, luteolin, apigenin and MS-275 have shown possibility as therapeutic agents against COVID-19 and MAFLD.

Conclusion:
This study reveals the potential common pathogenesis between MAFLD and COVID-19, providing novel clues for future research and treatment of MAFLD and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.