bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the stellar populations of bulges and discs using the MaNGA survey
Authors: Lah Philip , Scott Nicholas , Barone Tania M. , Robotham A. S. G. , D’Eugenio Francesco , Colless Matthew , Casura Sarah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We use the MaNGA integral field spectroscopic survey of low-redshift galaxies to compare the stellar populations of the bulge and disc components, identified from their Sérsic profiles, for various samples of galaxies. Bulge-dominated regions tend to be more metal-rich and have slightly older stellar ages than their associated disc-dominated regions. The metallicity difference is consistent with the deeper gravitational potential in bulges relative to discs, which allows bulges to retain more of the metals produced by stars. The age difference is due to star formation persisting longer in discs relative to bulges. Relative to galaxies with lower stellar masses, galaxies with higher stellar masses tend to have bulge-dominated regions that are more metal-rich and older (in light-weighted measurements) than their disc-dominated regions. This suggests high-mass galaxies quench from the inside out, while lower-mass galaxies quench across the whole galaxy simultaneously. Early-type galaxies tend to have bulge-dominated regions the same age as their disc-dominated regions, while late-type galaxies tend to have disc-dominated regions significantly younger than their bulge-dominated regions. Central galaxies tend to have a greater metallicity difference between their bulge-dominated regions and disc-dominated regions than satellite galaxies at similar stellar mass. This difference may be explained by central galaxies being subject to mergers or extended gas accretion bringing new, lower-metallicity gas to the disc, thereby reducing the average metallicity and age of the stars; quenching of satellite discs may also play a role.
The Sabbath Observer, the Idiosyncratist, and the Religious Organization: How the EEOC Imagines Religion at Work
Authors: Weiner Isaac 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCharged with enforcing Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission plays an overlooked but profoundly important role in shaping American religious life. While scholars of religion, law, and American culture have devoted a great deal of energy to analyzing the ways that federal courts define religion for the purposes of protecting it, they have paid less attention to the role of administrative agencies, like the EEOC. In this article, I argue that the private workplace offers a critical site for understanding how the state regulates and manages American religious life. I look to the EEOC's regulatory guidelines and compliance manuals as important sources for understanding the shifting relationship between religion, law, and work in the United States. I identify three modes of religiosity—or three types of religious actors—existing in tension in the EEOC archive, each bearing a distinct genealogy: the Sabbath Observer, the Idiosyncratist, and the Organization. While gesturing to very different notions of what religion is, the figures of the Idiosyncratist and the Organization both assume that demands of religion and work can be neatly reconciled. They presume that religion can be seamlessly integrated into the workplace without disrupting the functioning of capitalism. However, for those concerned about economic inequality, corporate power, and neoliberal working conditions, I suggest that it may be useful to revisit the EEOC's Sabbath Observer, who insists on the right to collective forms of life and value outside of work and the market.
Revisiting Judicial Review of Constitutional Amendments in Bangladesh: Article 7B, the Asaduzzaman Case, and the Fall of the Basic Structure Doctrine
Authors: Ahmed Kawser 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1989, the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, in the Anwar Hossain Chowdhury case, first embraced implicit unamendability or interpretative unamendability of the Constitution – that is, the basic structure doctrine. Since then, the basic structure or the basic feature doctrine has been recognised as the theoretical premise underpinning judicial review of constitutional amendments in Bangladesh. In 2011, the Parliament adopted Article 7B of the Constitution, which introduced explicit or codified unamendability of a substantial number of provisions of the Constitution. This article argues that with the adoption of Article 7B, the basic structure doctrine has lost its relevance as the most important normative tool for determining the validity of future constitutional amendments, and this was confirmed in the Asaduzzaman case, in which the parliamentary mechanism for the removal of Supreme Court judges was held unconstitutional on the basis of Article 7B of the Constitution. It is also argued that the reasoning provided in the majority opinion of the Asaduzzaman case is not entirely flawless.
Factor Associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge among males: Findings from 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Nasir Jamal Abdul , Khan Muhammad Danish , Ahmed Zaidi Syed Arif 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (UNAIDS) has risen as the serious public health problem across the world. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is the cornerstone for prevention and treatment. Research is needed to explore the attitude and the effect of different demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic and media exposure factors on males knowledge about HIV in Pakistan. In this study, latest secondary data are used from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Sample results show that the majority of the respondents (70%) have knowledge about AIDS. Regression Modeling reveals that man’s knowledge about HIV/AIDS is associated with age, place of residence, educational level, wealth index, ethnicity and media exposure factors. Males of age group 35-39, with higher education, belonging to Pukthon ethnicity, having exposure to mass media on a daily basis and belonging to richest wealth quintile has high Knowledge of HIV/AIDS. For example, the regression model predicts that men between the ages of 35 and 39 from Islamabad who live in urban areas, have higher education, are of Pukhtoon ethnicity, are the head of the household, belong to the richest quintile, work in professional occupations, and use media exposure factors on a daily basis would have probability of 97% of having knowledge of HIV/AIDS. But there is still need to focus to increase the men’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
Coordinated flight path planning for a fleet of missiles in high-risk areas
Authors: Babel Luitpold 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the flight path planning problem for multiple missiles engaging stationary targets in high-risk areas. Targets protected by air defence are preferably engaged by a fleet or swarm of missiles, not individual missiles. The concept of a swarm attack is that a large number of approaching missiles overwhelm air defence. The deployment of missiles is often part of a broader mission including further participants. Flight path planning is then an integral element of mission planning, requiring strict timing coordination of all members involved. The flight times of the missiles are dictated by the master planning. We present algorithms for offline planning and online re-planning of flight paths for a fleet of missiles with flight time constraints. The algorithms are based on an advanced bidirectional RRT* algorithm that generates risk-minimizing flight paths with predefined flight times. Online planning generates the flight paths of the fleet sequentially, maintaining a safety distance between the missiles to prevent mutual collision. Offline planning uses a global optimization approach to determine an optimal selection of flight paths from a large set of potential paths. The selection is performed by a branch and bound algorithm that determines optimal cliques in the path compatibility graph. The optimization is embedded in an iterative algorithm that allows to successively improve the mission success.
Information, meaning and physics: The intellectual evolution of the English School of Information Theory during 1946-1956
Authors: Anta Javier 
Published: January 2023

ArgumentIn this comparative historical analysis, we will analyze the intellectual tendency that emerged between 1946 and 1956 to take advantage of the popularity of communication theory to develop a kind of informational epistemology of statistical mechanics. We will argue that this tendency results from a historical confluence in the early 1950s of certain theoretical claims of the so-called English School of Information Theory, championed by authors such as Gabor (1956) or MacKay (1969), and from the attempt to extend the profound success of Shannon’s ([1948] 1993) technical theory of sign transmission to the field of statistical thermal physics. As a paradigmatic example of this tendency, we will evaluate the intellectual work of Léon Brillouin (1956), who, in the mid-fifties, developed an information theoretical approach to statistical mechanical physics based on a concept of information linked to the knowledge of the observer.
The Sum of Averages: An Egyptology-Proof Average View
Authors: Grill Kalle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContemporary population ethics is dominated by views that aggregate by summing, whether of well-being or of some construct based on well-being. In contrast, average well-being is generally considered axiologically irrelevant. To many of us, however, the number of future people does not seem important, as long as it is sufficient to enable rich and varied life experiences, and as long as the population continues throughout time. It therefore seems relatively plausible to aggregate future well-being by averaging. In particular, it seems plausible to value high average well-being at any particular time, and to do so for all future times. I present a time-sensitive version of the Average View that underpins such axiological intuitions. I also address a series of issues and objections that confront such a view.
Exploring dimensions of social capital in relation to healthy eating behaviours in the US rural south
Authors: Antonacci Cerra C , Haardörfer Regine , Hermstad April K , Mayo-Gamble Tilicia L , Jacob Arriola Kimberly R , Kegler Michelle C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjective:This study examined relationships between dimensions of social capital (SC) (social trust, network diversity, social reciprocity and civic engagement) and fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among rural adults. Potential moderators (neighbourhood rurality, food security, gender and race/ethnicity) were explored to develop a more nuanced understanding of the SC–healthy eating relationship.Design:Data were from a 2019 mailed population-based survey evaluating an eleven-county initiative to address health equity. Participants self-reported health behaviours, access to health-promoting resources and demographics. Logistic regression models were used to analyse relationships between predictors, outcomes and moderators.Setting:Five rural counties, Georgia, USA.Participants:1120 participants.Results:Among participants who lived in the country (as opposed to in town), greater network diversity was associated with consuming ≥ 3 servings of fruit (OR = 1·08; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·17, P = 0·029), yet among participants who lived in town, greater civic engagement was associated with consuming ≥ three servings of fruit (OR = 1·36; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·65, P = 0·003). Both food-secure and food-insecure participants with greater social reciprocity had lower odds of consuming 0 SSB (OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·98, P = 0·014, OR = 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·99, P = 0·037, respectively). Men with greater social trust were more likely to consume 0 SSB (OR = 1·09; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18, P = 0·038), and Whites with greater network diversity were more likely to meet daily vegetable recommendations (OR = 1·10; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·19, P = 0·028).Conclusions:Findings provide a basis for future qualitative research on potential mechanisms through which SC and related social factors influence healthy eating in rural communities.
Ruminations on the meaning and nature of ritual in the historical context of China–A theoretical attempt to understand the tribute system as a ritual in East Asia
Authors: Shaoyang Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe mainstream studies of the East Asian tributary system have been exhibiting a stance that tends to stress the importance of Confucianism in forming and sustaining the tributary system throughout its long history. However, there are still several questions (especially those of a theoretical nature) that historians have yet to answer: How could Confucianism have contributed to the formation and sustenance of this tributary system? Why could this Confucian-based tributary system be recognized and employed in relations with non-Confucian frontier tribes? Why could this system have worked with both the nomadic tribes on the northern frontier and the South-East Asian countries that were neither Confucian nor nomadic? Drawing on the results of ritual studies in anthropology, Chinese historiography and Chinese philosophy, this author seeks a broader methodology that can be used to conceptualize the tributary ritual and its constitutive power structure, which forms the foundation of the central part of the East Asian world order. This paper is a theoretical attempt to find a non-Sinocentric way to interpret the formally Sinocentric tribute system in premodern East Asia.
NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR DOMINATION RESULTS FOR PROPER SCORING RULES
Authors: PRUSS ALEXANDER R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScoring rules measure the deviation between a forecast, which assigns degrees of confidence to various events, and reality. Strictly proper scoring rules have the property that for any forecast, the mathematical expectation of the score of a forecast p by the lights of p is strictly better than the mathematical expectation of any other forecast q by the lights of p. Forecasts need not satisfy the axioms of the probability calculus, but Predd et al. [9] have shown that given a finite sample space and any strictly proper additive and continuous scoring rule, the score for any forecast that does not satisfy the axioms of probability is strictly dominated by the score for some probabilistically consistent forecast. Recently, this result has been extended to non-additive continuous scoring rules. In this paper, a condition weaker than continuity is given that suffices for the result, and the condition is proved to be optimal.
Messung von Stress im Studium
Authors: Brandt Jens , Kallus K. Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Eine neue Version des Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogens (EBF) für das Studium füllt die Lücke zwischen dem EBF für Kinder und Jugendliche und dem EBF für Berufstätige. Neue Subtests und Dimensionen für spezifische Beanspruchung und Erholung im Studium wurden entwickelt und validiert. Psychometrische Analysen an einer gepoolten Stichprobe von N = 281 Studierenden zeigten gute interne Konsistenzen der beiden Faktoren sowie der acht Dimensionen. Bei einer Stichprobe mit Messwiederholungen ( N = 111) erwiesen sich die Messwerte als stabil, insbesondere bei Messintervallen von bis zu zwei Wochen. Die Konstruktvalidität des EBF-Konzepts, mit zwei separaten, aber korrelierten Faktoren für Beanspruchung und Erholung, konnte bestätigt werden. Die Kriteriumsvalidierung wurde mit dem NEO-FFI, dem Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen SVF und einer Ein-Item-Einschätzung für subjektiven Stress geprüft. Eine Kurzversion wird ebenfalls vorgestellt, diese kann für Screening-Zwecke verwendet werden.
Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen im Grundschulalter
Authors: Bott Heike , Poltz Nadine , Ehlert Antje 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die mentalen Rotationsleistungen als eine Komponente visuell-räumlicher Fähigkeiten stehen in enger Verbindung zur mathematischen Entwicklung sowie zum schulischen und beruflichen Erfolg in den MINT-Fächern. Daneben werden geringe mentale Rotationsleistungen bei Kindern mit einer Lese-Rechtschreibstörung diskutiert. Derzeit ist kein Messinstrument für den Schuleingangsbereich verfügbar, welches sowohl die Lösungsgenauigkeit als auch die Reaktionszeit misst und den allgemeinen Kriterien der Psychometrie (Objektivität, Validität und Reliabilität) entspricht. Anliegen der vorgelegten Untersuchung ist es, diese Lücke zu schließen. In zwei Studien wurde ein computerbasiertes Testverfahren für Schulkinder bis zur dritten Klassenstufe entwickelt, welches die Besonderheiten bei der Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen junger Kinder berücksichtigt. Die vorgenommenen testtheoretischen Betrachtungen an 300 Grundschulkindern waren zufriedenstellend. Die Daten konnten wesentliche Befunde der Literatur bestätigen und wurden kritisch diskutiert. Mit dem cMR liegt nun ein ökonomisches chronometrisches Testverfahren zur Erfassung mentaler Rotationsleistungen vor, welches bereits bei Kindern ab der ersten Klasse einsetzbar ist.
Dissolved Carbon Export by Large River Systems Is Influenced by Source Area Heterogeneity
Authors: Stets E. G. , Striegl R. G. , Wickland K. P. , Dornblaser M. , Foks S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRivers and streams export inorganic and organic carbon derived from contributing landscapes and so downstream carbon fluxes are important quantitative indicators of change in ecosystem function and for the full accounting of terrestrial carbon budgets. Carbon concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships in rivers provide important information about carbon source and behavior in watersheds and are useful for estimating carbon export. However, C‐Q relationships are complex in large river systems because of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in carbon dynamics across the watershed and river networks. We quantified dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes in the Upper Mississippi River basin and investigated their relationships with land cover and hydrology. The magnitude of dissolved carbon yields ranged widely among stations, 0.6–5.7 g DOC m−2 yr−1 and 2.9–11.8 g DIC m−2 yr−1. Spatial patterns in carbon fluxes were strongly related to land cover, with agricultural sites having high DIC/low DOC exports and forested and wetland areas having the opposite. DIC was always negatively related to discharge (Q), while the DOC‐Q relationship varied with land cover. Differential behavior of carbon across the basin resulted in Q having a weak relationship with DOC and DIC at the basin outlet. Hence, there is a need to improve understanding of headwater terrestrial‐to‐aquatic carbon connections in order to improve basin‐to‐continental‐scale carbon export estimates. Our results demonstrate that quantitative understanding of carbon export by large rivers can be improved by incorporating stream network information, such as the timing, location, and source of constituent flux, rather than relying solely upon relationships between constituent behavior and seasonality or discharge at the basin outlet.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronologic Response to Magmatic Reheating: Insights From the Takab Metallogenic District of NW Iran, (Arabia‐Eurasia Collision Zone)
Authors: Biralvand Masoud , Ballato Paolo , Balestrieri Maria Laura , Mohajjel Mohammad , Sobel Edward R. , Dunkl Istvan , Montegrossi Giordano , Ghassemi Mohammad R. , Glodny Johannes , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronology (LTT) data in magmatic and metallogenic provinces requires a knowledge of the geothermal field through time. There, the challenge is differentiating rapid cooling following transient perturbations of the geotherms (reheating) from exhumational cooling induced by erosion during tectonic uplift or normal faulting. The Takab Range Complex (NW Iran) is a basement‐cored range of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone that experienced voluminous Eocene to Miocene magmatism and mineralization. Our new apatite and zircon (U‐Th‐Sm)/He and apatite fission track data, together with field observations, a dedicated numerical thermal model, and a re‐evaluation of available geochronology data document the occurrence of a complex geological and thermal history including: (a) late Cretaceous‐Paleocene exhumation possibly controlled by regional contractional deformation followed by Eocene deposition; (b) Oligocene to possibly early Miocene (29 to 22–20 Ma) exhumation of basement rocks from 13 to 8 km of depth, most likely through normal faulting during a thermal anomaly that led to migmatization and partial melting; (c) early to late Miocene (∼22–20 or earlier to 11–10 Ma) regional subsidence with deposition of an up to ∼2‐ to 3‐km‐thick Oligo‐Miocene sedimentary sequence in association with the emplacement of shallow intrusions, which led to a partial to total reset of our LTT systems sometime between 18 and 13 Ma; and (e) erosional exhumation after 11–10 Ma with the development of a transpressional system and a master, right‐lateral, strike slip fault (Chahartagh Fault). Our data highlights the impact of magmatic reheating on LTT ages in areas affected by intense magmatism.
The Effect of Sediment Storage in Glaciated Catchments on Multimineral Detrital Geochronology: Deciphering Conflicting Zircon and Apatite U‐Pb Dates
Authors: Jess Scott , Enkelmann Eva , Matthews William 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDetrital geochronology and thermochronology are widely used to study erosion and the exhumation of rocks. In glaciated landscapes, these studies have shown exhumation to be highly heterogeneous; however, these studies have typically only applied apatite low‐temperature thermochronology, a mineral prone to mechanical and chemical breakdown, and a method with lower precision or data dispersion. As such, it is unclear if the detrital apatite signal represents derivation from the entire catchment. In this study, we present both zircon and apatite U‐Pb dates from a modern detrital sample of the Saco River, New Hampshire, USA. The river flows through a catchment that was highly modified during the last glacial maximum. The underlying geology is characterized by two contrasting groups from different eras; Palaeozoic metasediments and granites, and Mesozoic granitoids. Zircon U‐Pb dates are consistent with near‐uniform erosion of the catchment, encompassing both Proterozoic–Palaeozoic and Jurassic–Cretaceous grains consistent with the catchment's geology. However, detrital apatite U‐Pb dates are predominantly Palaeozoic. Detrital U‐Pb modeling shows that zircon grains are indeed derived from erosion of the entire catchment, while apatites likely originate from areas at high elevation. This stark contrast in ages likely indicates apatite's fragility. Dissolution resulting from acidic soils in the river's catchment is a likely cause, though mechanical breakdown during transport is also possible. As such, the detrital apatite signal appears to only record erosion from the modern fluvial system, while zircon represents a combination of uniform erosion during glaciation and the modern fluvial system. These findings imply the detrital apatite signal is prone to significant modification in areas of sediment storage and acidic soils with implications for sediment generation in other formerly glaciated landscapes worldwide.