bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated tissue Doppler imaging for identification of occluded coronary artery in patients with suspected non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Halvorsrød Marlene Iversen , Kiss Gabriel , Dahlslett Thomas , Støylen Asbjørn , Grenne Bjørnar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Identification of regional dysfunction is important for early risk stratification in patients with suspected non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Strain echocardiography enables quantification of segmental myocardial deformation. However, the clinical use is hampered by time-consuming manual measurements. We aimed to evaluate whether an in-house developed software for automated analysis of segmental myocardial deformation based on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could predict coronary occlusion in patients with suspected NSTEMI.

Methods
Eighty-four patients with suspected NSTEMI were included in the analysis. Echocardiography was performed at admission. Strain, strain rate and post-systolic shortening index (PSI) were analyzed by the automated TDI-based tool and the ability to predict coronary occlusion was assessed. For comparison, strain measurements were performed both by manual TDI-based analyses and by semi-automatic speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). All patients underwent coronary angiography.

Results
Seventeen patients had an acute coronary occlusion. Global strain and PSI by STE were able to differentiate occluded from non-occluded culprit lesions (respectively − 15.0% vs. -17.1%, and 8.1% vs. 5.1%, both p-values < 0.05) and identify patients with an acute coronary occlusion (AUC 0.66 for both strain and PSI). Measurements of strain, strain rate and PSI based on TDI were not significantly different between occluded and non-occluded territories.

Conclusion
Automated measurements of myocardial deformation based on TDI were not able to identify acute coronary occlusion in patients with suspected NSTEMI. However, this study confirms the potential of strain by STE for early risk stratification in patients with chest pain.
Validity of the Paediatric Canadian Triage Acuity Scale in a Tertiary Hospital: An Analysis of Severity Markers' Variability
Authors: Viana João , Bragança Raquel , Santos João Vasco , Alves Alexandra , Santos Almeida , Freitas Alberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the increasing influx of patients and frequent overcrowding, the adoption of a valid triage system, capable of distinguishing patients who need urgent care, from those who can wait safely is paramount. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the Paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (PaedCTAS) in a Portuguese tertiary hospital. Furthermore, we aim to study the performance and appropriateness of the different surrogate severity markers to validate triage. This is a retrospective study considering all visits to the hospital’s Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) between 2014 and 2019. This study considers cut-offs on all triage levels for dichotomization in order to calculate validity measures e.g. sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios, ROC curves; using hospital admission, admission to intensive care and the use of resources as outcomes/markers of severity. Over the study period there were 0.2% visits triaged as Level 1, 5.7% as Level 2, 39.4% as Level 3, 50.5% as Level 4, 4.2% as Level 5, from a total of 452,815 PED visits. The area under ROC curve was 0.96, 0.71, 0.76, 0.78, 0.59 for the surrogate markers: “Admitted to intensive care”; “Admitted to intermediate care”; “Admitted to hospital”; “Investigations performed in the PED” and “Uses PED resources”, respectively. The association found between triage levels and the surrogate markers of severity suggests that the PedCTAS is highly valid. Different surrogate outcome markers convey different degrees of severity, hence different degrees of urgency. Therefore, the cut-offs to calculate validation measures and the thresholds of such measures should be chosen accordingly.
Framing, rewriting, and reception in world literature: the case of Wolf Totem
Authors: Cui Yanqiu , Bai Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen world literature is seen as a product of translation and circulation and as a mode of reading, new world literature attributes, other than literariness, can be inferred, such as relevance to readers, a combination of cultural peculiarity and universality, and accessibility. A case study of Wolf Totem reveals that these attributes can explain how commercial publishers frame, translators rewrite, and readers interpret such works. Commercial publishers’ framing discourses usually highlight a novel’s cultural peculiarity and universality; translators emphasize accessibility while rewriting texts to accommodate target literary norms and readers’ pathos; and readers’ interests usually converge at themes relevant to their lives, thus promoting the evolution of interpretation toward shared experiences of humanity. Using content analysis tools, our study addresses the lack of empirical analysis in literary reception by examining the value of online reader reviews in explaining the effect of framing and rewriting and the readership’s criteria for rewriting. We contend that mass readers participate in the formation and circulation of world literature through word-of-mouth recommendations and sharing reading experiences. Therefore, the significance of online reader reviews deserves scholarly attention in reception and world literature studies.
Instant identification of hydrocarbon spill types using laser-induced fluorescence and associated hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Mahmoud Alaaeldin , El-Sharkawy Yasser H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarine hydrocarbon (HC) spills seriously harm the marine ecosystem and necessitate the creation of effective cleanup strategies. For efficient treatment, it is crucial to accurately identify the type of HC implicated in the spill. Diesel oil, gasoline, lubrication oil, and waste oil were chosen as the experimental starting materials since they are prevalent HC kinds. This study reports on the facile differentiation of diesel fuel and gasoline to engine oil via induced fluorescence by a laser. The tested material was stimulated with a 450-nm blue laser source. The fluorescence characteristic of each tested HC spill sample was captured via a hyperspectral imaging camera. Diesel fuel could be identified via their unique fluorescence signatures at 470 nm and 515 nm. Gasoline was found to be a less photoluminescent active material, with characteristic signals at 465 nm and 585 nm. At 505 nm, lubricating oil had the typical fluorescence signal. On the whole study spectrum, there are no re-emitted frequencies for the waste oil. Fluorescence signals secured good discrimination between fuel and engine oil of HC chemical structures. Signal intensity can contribute further discrimination. Fluorescence intensity at selected photoluminescence wavelengths secured further grouping between fuel and oil. Our imaging approach would provide investigators with the ability to define the HC and choose a mitigation strategy for fast HC spill identification. Aerial systems with a customized common camera that only functions at a certain wavelength filter with our methodology based on laser-induced fluorescence may be effectively developed for HC spill detecting applications.
Board overconfidence and M&A performance: evidence from the UK
Authors: Brahma Sanjukta , Boateng Agyenim , Ahmad Sardar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between board overconfidence and mergers and acquisitions (M&A) performance based on 754 M&A deals in the UK from 2002 to 2018. Employing three proxies to measure overconfidence, namely, fraction of male directors on the board, multiple acquisitions and merger characteristics, our results suggest that a higher fraction of male directors on the board and multiple acquisitions lead to poor M&A performance. The results also show that multiple acquirers’ deals generate higher returns than subsequent deals and this is due to self-attribution bias. In terms of merger characteristics, this study has found that, when overconfident acquirers use cash as the method of payment or when they embark on diversifying M&A, it leads to poor M&A performance. The results are robust across both univariate and multivariate analyses and also across alternate measures of post-merger performance. The findings of this study have important policy implication with regard to the ratio of male directors, number of acquisitions and the method of payment.
The sex gap in sports and exercise medicine research: who does research on females?
Authors: Laxdal Aron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFemales are underrepresented in sports and exercise medicine research, both as authors and as research participants. The aim of this study was therefore to explore who does sports and exercise medicine research on females. All original research articles with female-only samples published in six major sports and exercise medicine journals over a 7-year period (2014–2020; n = 334) were examined. Out of the 2027 authors of the articles in question, 1149 were categorized as male (56.7%) and 850 were categorized as female (41.9%; 28 [1.4%] could not be categorized). A slight majority of the articles had a female as first author (51.5%), while the majority of the last authors were male (62.3%). Binomial tests of proportions revealed that females were overrepresented in all author roles in this sample compared to the field at large, while chi-square tests of proportions indicated minimal variations in female authorship across the studied period. These findings indicate that females are relatively more likely to do research on females than males are, and that the rate of female authorship remained relatively constant over time.
Machine understanding and deep learning representation
Authors: Tamir Michael , Shech Elay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPractical ability manifested through robust and reliable task performance, as well as information relevance and well-structured representation, are key factors indicative of understanding in the philosophical literature. We explore these factors in the context of deep learning, identifying prominent patterns in how the results of these algorithms represent information. While the estimation applications of modern neural networks do not qualify as the mental activity of persons, we argue that coupling analyses from philosophical accounts with the empirical and theoretical basis for identifying these factors in deep learning representations provides a framework for discussing and critically evaluating potential machine understanding given the continually improving task performance enabled by such algorithms.
Telephone Outreach Enhances Recruitment of Underrepresented Seriously Ill Patients for an Advance Care Planning Pragmatic Trial
Authors: Chau Aaron J. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Hays Ron D. , Tseng Chi-Hong , Walling Anne M. , Rahimi Maryam , Gibbs Lisa , Patel Kanan , Sanz Vidorreta Fernando Javier , Wenger Neil S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients experiencing systemic patterns of disadvantage, such as racial/ethnic minorities and those with limited English proficiency, are underrepresented in research. This is particularly true for large pragmatic trials of potentially sensitive research topics, such as advance care planning (ACP). It is unclear how phone outreach may affect research participation by underrepresented individuals.

Objective
To assess the effect of phone outreach, in addition to standard mail survey recruitment, in a population-based ACP pragmatic trial at three academic health systems in California.

Design
Retrospective cohort study

Patients
Primary care patients with serious illness were mailed a survey in their preferred language. Patients who did not initially respond by mail received up to three reminder phone calls with the option of survey completion by phone.

Main measures
Effect of phone outreach on survey response rate associated with respondent demographic characteristics (e.g., Social Vulnerability Index [SVI], range 0 (low) to 1 (high)).

Results
Across the health systems, 5998 seriously ill patients were mailed surveys. We obtained completed surveys from 1215 patients (20% response rate); 787 (65%) responded after mail alone and 428 (35%) participated only after phone outreach. Patients recruited after phone outreach compared to mail alone were more socially vulnerable (SVI 0.41 v 0.35, P < 0.001), were more likely to report being a racial/ethnic minority (35% v 28%, P = 0.006), and non-English speaking (16% v 10%, P = 0.005). Age and gender did not differ significantly. The inclusion of phone outreach resulted in a sample that better represented the baseline population than mail alone in racial/ethnic minority (28% mail alone, 30% including phone outreach, 36% baseline population), non-English language preference (10%, 12%, 15%, respectively), and SVI (0.35, 0.37, 0.38, respectively).

Conclusions
Phone outreach for a population-based survey in a pragmatic trial concerning a potentially sensitive topic significantly enhanced recruitment of underrepresented seriously ill patients.
2D PIV/PTV–3D uRANS RSM Investigation on the Combined Effect of Iron Filings Filtering Techniques in a Backward Facing Step Flow
Authors: Villén Iker , Teso Daniel , Martínez-Filgueira Pablo , Fernandez-Gámiz Unai , Márquez Gonzalo , Lopez-Guede Jose Manuel , Kurt Erol 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe presence of suspended particles in liquid fluids is one of the main reasons for hydraulic system failure. Metallic impurities in particular increase the presence of toxic substances in wastewater; therefore, it is vital to study and address the behaviour of such particles in water flows. The current literature lacks studiees approaching the combined effect of different filtering techniques in backward-facing step (BFS) flows. This work aims to analyse the behaviour of iron filings within a BFS system, making use of a combined experimental 2D PIV/PTV–3D uRANS computational approach. Experiments and computations are performed at a Reynolds number $$\mathrm{{Re}}_{H} = 3684.63$$

Re
H

=
3684.63

. Computational measurements are performed in several planes whereas the experimental campaign is focused on the dynamics of the particles through the streamwise middle plane. A half plane reattachment length of $$X_{\rm{r}} = 11.73h$$

X
r

=
11.73
h

is measured for an inlet flow turbulence intensity of about 1%. The trajectories of the iron filings under the influence of an external magnetic field are examined. A comparison with their paths under the influence of no attractive forces elucidates that the presence of an external magnetic field alters their elliptical trajectories. Moreover, a more forward magnet placement reveals greater trajectory disruptions.
Wenn Routinen versagen
Authors: Becker Reiner 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungNahezu inflationär erschallt insbesondere in krisenhaften Zeiten der Ruf nach Haltung. Eng geführt, als performativer Haltungsbegriff, kann in Zeiten von Krisen, in denen Routinen versagen, „Haltung zeigen“ als Handlung verstanden werden, die Orientierung gibt. Haltungen zeigen sich jedoch nicht ausschließlich in einer spezifischen krisenhaften Situation, in einem finalen Moment, in der alle Routinen versagen. In der Diskussion von Ulrich Oevermanns Unterscheidung von Krise und Routine und durch die Betrachtung der subjektiven Norm, die ein Bestandteil in der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens ist, will der Beitrag erkunden, ob das „Haltung zeigen“ in Krisen vorbereitet werden kann. Dabei knüpft der Beitrag an den bisherigen Überlegungen zu einem performativen Haltungsbegriff an.
Spatio-Temporal Variability of Wrack Along the Northern Portuguese Sandy Beaches
Authors: Guerrero-Meseguer Laura , Veiga Puri , Rubal Marcos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wrack accumulations are a source of nutrients on sandy beaches and host invertebrate species, increasing local biodiversity. The distribution of these important accumulations varies in space and time depending on the environmental conditions and the composition of species that are in the wrack. Species composition and spatiotemporal variability in wrack accumulations remain poorly understood in some regions. In this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal variability in wrack biomass and diversity on four sandy beaches in northern Portugal over the course of 1 year. The results revealed that both the diversity and biomass of wrack varied temporally depending on the beach and tidal level where it was collected. Wrack biomass was about 20 to 35 times greater at higher than at the low tide level and was more abundant (87%) and twice as diverse at the two northernmost beaches of the study, probably due to a greater proximity to rocky shores. Large brown temperate and boreal macroalgae species such as fucoids (Fucus spp., Cystoseira spp., and Ascophyllum nodosum) and the kelp Saccorhiza polyschides were the most abundant taxa in the wrack. Fucoids were in the wrack throughout the year, while kelps predominated in the warmer months, generating 8% more biomass than that produced by fucoids throughout the year. However, since large brown macroalgae species are reducing their size and recruitment due to global warming in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, the biomass and diversity of wrack in northern Portugal could be limited in the future, compromising crucial functions of wrack in ecosystems.
Diagnostic delay in adult inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review
Authors: Cross Eleanor , Saunders Benjamin , Farmer Adam D. , Prior James A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

The extent of diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is incompletely understood. We aimed to understand the extent of diagnostic delay of IBD in adults and identify associations between patient or healthcare characteristics and length of delay.

Methods
Articles were sourced from EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL from inception to April 2021. Inclusion criteria were adult cohorts (18 ≥ years old) reporting median time periods between onset of symptoms for Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD (i.e. CD and UC together) and a final diagnosis (diagnostic delay). Narrative synthesis was used to examine the extent of diagnostic delay and characteristics associated with delay. Sensitivity analysis was applied by the removal of outliers.

Results
Thirty-one articles reporting median diagnostic delay for IBD, CD or UC were included. After sensitivity analysis, the majority of IBD studies (7 of 8) reported a median delay of between 2 and 5.3 months. From the studies examining median delay in UC, three-quarters (12 of 16) reported a delay between 2 and 6 months. In contrast, three-quarters of the CD studies (17 of 23) reported a delay of between 2 and 12 months. No characteristic had been examined enough to understand their role in diagnostic delay in these populations.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides robust insight into the extent of diagnostic delay in IBD and suggests further intervention is needed to reduce delay in CD particularly. Furthermore, our findings provide a benchmark value range for diagnostic delay, which such future work can be measured against.
The Great Break 1927–28 and knowledge management for a modern sewer system in Petrograd/Leningrad (1918–1928)
Authors: Malinova-Tziafeta Olga 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe article deals with the process of knowledge management in the construction of urban infrastructure in Leningrad in the 1920s and the influence of political and economic factors on this process. At first, municipal engineering was included in the so-called circulation zone, i.e. those selected spheres of Soviet industry, science, and culture, where a relatively free exchange of technology and knowledge with leading Western firms and corporations was practised. Because of the Great Break and War Scare of 1927, municipal engineering was excluded from this zone. The main source to build this argument is archival material about the international expert commission on sewerage system construction of 1927. In the spring of that year, experts from the United States and Germany were invited to come to Leningrad. However, in the summer of that year, the War Scare cut off this cooperation. The article discusses the shaping of new knowledge management and the new industrial culture which emerged from the crisis.
Fertilitätserhalt – State of the Art in Österreich
Authors: Böttcher Bettina 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungEs ist essenziell, Frauen und Männer vor einer gonadotoxischen Therapie über mögliche fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen aufzuklären und diese anzubieten. Eine frühzeitige Vorstellung seitens der Onkolog:innen kann den Patientinnen Bedenkzeit und eine bessere Planung der Maßnahmen ermöglichen. Zunehmend stellen auch benigne Erkrankungen mit erforderlicher gonadotoxischer Therapie oder genetische Prädispositionen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine prämature Ovarialinsuffizienz eine Indikation für fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen dar. Für diese Thematik sollte interdisziplinär sensibilisiert werden, um diese Patientinnen frühzeitig zu identifizieren. Eine einheitliche Regelung der Kosten und der Kostenübernahme für fertilitätsprotektive Maßnahmen für Frauen und Männer sollte im Sinne der Patient:innen baldmöglichst angestrebt werden.
The natural history of curve behavior after brace removal in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a literature review
Authors: Luhmann Scott , Zaaroor-Regev Daphna , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Shufflebarger Harry 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Brace treatment is the most common nonoperative treatment to prevent curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The goal of this review and analysis is to characterize curve behavior after completion of brace treatment and to identify factors that may facilitate the estimation of long-term curve progression.

Method
A review of the English language literature was completed using the MEDLINE (PUBMED) database of publications after 1990 until September 2020. Studies were included if they detailed a minimum of 1 year post-brace removal follow-up of AIS patients. Data retrieved from the articles included Cobb angle measurements of the major curves at “in-brace,” weaning, and follow-up visit(s) for all patients described and for subset populations.

Results
From 75 articles, 18 relevant studies describing a follow-up period of 1–25 years following brace removal were included in the analyses. The reviewed literature demonstrates that curves continue to progress after brace treatment is completed with three main phases of progression: (i) immediate (upon brace removal) where a mean curve progression of 7° occurs; (ii) short term (within five years of brace removal) where a relatively high progression rate is evident (0.8°/year); and (iii) long term (more than five years after brace removal) where the progression rate slows (0.2°/year). The magnitude and rate of curve progression is mainly dependent on the degree of curve at weaning as curves weaned at < 25° progress substantially less than curves weaned at ≥ 25° at 25 years.

Conclusion
Curves continue to progress after brace removal and the rate and magnitude of progression are associated with the curve size at weaning, with larger curves typically exhibiting more rapid and severe progression. This analysis provides physicians and patients the ability to estimate long-term curve size based on the curve size at the time of weaning.

Level of evidence
IV.