bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steinernema indicum n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from India
Authors: Patil Jagadeesh , Linga Vaddar , Mhatre Priyank Hanuman , Gowda Manjunatha T. , Rangasamy Vijayakumar , Půža Vladimír 
Published: June 2023

Summary
A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema indicum n. sp., was isolated from a coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) field in the district of Udupi, Karnataka, India. The infective juveniles (IJ) of S. indicum n. sp. possess a body length of 1043 (869-1172) μm. The lateral fields are formed by eight equally spaced and developed ridges (nine incisures) in the mid-body region, giving the formula 3, 8, 7, 5. The excretory pore is located posterior to the mid-pharynx region (D% = 63), and the hyaline region occupies ca half of the tail length. The first-generation males are characterised by very short spicules 66 (60-70) μm long. The male spicules are moderately curved with a sharp tip and are golden-brown in colour with the manubrium elongate and with a length to width ratio of 1.92:1. There are 11 pairs of genital papillae plus a single midventral papilla located anterior to the cloacal region. The first-generation male of S. indicum n. sp. is characterised by the presence of a single dorsal postcloacal papilla, a typical diagnostic character that has not been reported from any other steinernematid species. The first-generation male tail has a short mucron present in ca 40% of specimens examined and a second-generation male tail showing a short mucron present in ca 65% of male specimens examined. The first and second-generation females possess a slightly protruding post-anal swelling. The new species is further characterised by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic analyses confirm that S. indicum n. sp. belongs to the glaseri-group and, based on both ITS and D2D3 genes, showed that S. indicum n. sp. is a member of the karii clade.
Basin-Scale to Submesoscale Variability of the East Mediterranean Sea Upper Circulation
Authors: Solodoch Aviv , Barkan Roy , Verma Vicky , Gildor Hezi , Toledo Yaron , Khain Pavel , Levi Yoav 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The East Mediterranean Sea (EMS) circulation has previously been characterized as dominated by gyres, mesoscale eddies, and disjoint boundary currents. We develop nested high-resolution numerical simulations in the EMS to examine the circulation variability with an emphasis on the yet unexplored regional submesoscale currents. Rather than several disjoint currents, a continuous cyclonic boundary current (BC) encircling the Levantine basin is identified in both model solution and altimetry data. This EMS BC advects eddy chains downstream and is identified as a principal source of regional mesoscale and submesoscale current variability. During the seasonal fall to winter mixed layer deepening, energetic submesoscale [O(10) km] eddies, fronts, and filaments emerge throughout the basin, characterized by O(1) Rossby numbers. A submesoscale time scale range of ≈1–5 days is identified using spatiotemporal analysis of the numerical solutions and confirmed through mooring data. The submesoscale kinetic energy (KE) wavenumber (k) spectral slope is found to be k−2, shallower than the quasigeostrophic-like ∼k−3 slope diagnosed in summer. The shallowness of the winter spectral slope is shown to be due to divergent subinertial motions, consistent with the Boyd theoretical model, rather than with the surface quasigeostrophic model. Using a coarse-graining approach, we diagnose a seasonal inverse (forward) KE cascade above (below) 30-km scales due to rotational (divergent) motions and show that these commence after completion of the fall submesoscale energization. We also show that at scales larger than several hundred kilometers, the spectral density becomes near constant and a weak forward cascade occurs, from gyre scales to mesoscales.
Tau in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Chin Kai Sin , Churilov Leonid , Doré Vincent , Villemagne Victor L , Rowe Christopher C , Yassi Nawaf , Watson Rosie 
Published: June 2023

Objective: Neurofibrillary tangles are present in a proportion of people with dementia with Lewy bodies and may be associated with worse cognition. Recent advances in biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease include second-generation tau positron emission tomography as well as the detection of phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau181) in plasma. This study aimed to investigate tau in people with dementia with Lewy bodies using a second-generation tau positron emission tomography tracer as well as plasma p-tau181. Methods: Twenty-seven participants (mean age 74.7 ± 5.5) with clinically diagnosed probable dementia with Lewy bodies underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and positron emission tomography imaging (18F-MK6240 and 18F-NAV4694). Plasma p-tau181 levels were measured using Simoa technology. Results: Five dementia with Lewy bodies participants (18.5%) had an abnormal tau positron emission tomography (increased tau uptake in the temporal meta-region-of-interest). Higher plasma p-tau181 concentrations correlated with higher tau deposition in the temporal region (ρ = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = [0.10, 0.72]) and classified abnormal tau positron emission tomography in dementia with Lewy bodies with an area under the curve of 0.95 (95% confidence interval = [0.86, 0.99]). Plasma p-tau181 also correlated positively with cortical amyloid-beta binding (ρ = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = [0.40, 0.84]) and classified abnormal amyloid-beta positron emission tomography in dementia with Lewy bodies with an area under the curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval = [0.79, 0.99]). There was no association found between tau deposition and any of the clinical variables. Conclusions: Tau is a common co-pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies. Plasma p-tau181 correlated with abnormal tau and amyloid-beta positron emission tomography and may potentially be used as a marker to identify co-morbid Alzheimer’s disease-related pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies. The clinical implications of tau in dementia with Lewy bodies need to be further evaluated in larger longitudinal studies.
The short-term effects of CGRP monoclonal antibodies on bone turnover: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ray Jason C. , Sztal-Mazer Shoshana , Baker Josephine , Matharu Manjit S. , Hutton Elspeth J. 
Published: June 2023

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAb) are an effective treatment of migraine however may have possible off-target effects. Pre-clinical studies implicate CGRP in several aspects of bone turnover and homeostasis. The clinical effect of CGRP mAb on bone turnover is not known, however. Methods Between June 2021 and July 2022, a multi-centre prospective cohort study was undertaken with eligible patients undergoing paired testing of the validated bone turnover markers procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) prior to and at least three months following administration of a CGRP mAb. Results A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 41.8 (SD 11.9) were included in the final analysis, all of whom received a ligand-targeting CGRP mAb. Administration of a CGRP mAb was associated with a statistically significant increase in P1NP from 44.5 microg/L to 51.5 microg/L (p = 0.004), but no significant change in CTX. Conclusion In otherwise homeostatic conditions, short-term administration of a CGRP mAb is associated with increased P1NP, a bone formation marker but not with increased CTX, a bone resorption marker. Further study is required to validate these findings over longer time periods, in a larger cohort, and in pre-existing states of increased calcium stress and bone-turnover.
Barriers and Facilitators of Diet, Physical Activity Levels, and Sleep Among Nursing Undergraduates and Early-Career Nurses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Wirth Michael D. , Meyer Jaclyn , Jessup Angela , Dawson Robin M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose Mechanisms leading to burnout, associated with high turnover in nursing, may start as early as in nursing school. Given health habits (e.g., diet, physical activity, and sleep) can exacerbate or lessen the impact of burnout, this study examined current barriers and facilitators to healthy diet, physical activity levels, and sleep among nursing undergraduates (UGs) and early-career nurses (ECNs). Research Design Qualitative descriptive study. Sample 25 nursing UGs and 25 ECNs (within 3 years of graduation) from a Southeastern college of nursing. Data Collection and Analysis After development of theory-informed interview guides, participants conducted interviews either in-person or by phone, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Results All but one (aged 54) UG was in their early 20s and ECNs were in their early to mid-20s. Most participants were white, females. Time and stress were the strongest barriers among UGs and ECNs for adherence to healthy diet, physical activity, although stress did act as a facilitator for physical activity in a subset of both UGs and ECNs. Shiftwork was a common barrier to healthy behaviors among ECNs. Conclusion The fact that the more common and stronger barriers to healthier behaviors among UGs and ECNs were the same give credence to the idea that processes associated with burnout begin during or before nursing education and are persistent.
The Impact of Measurement-Based Care in Psychiatry: An Integrative Review
Authors: DeSimone Janine , Hansen Bryan R. 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND: The quality of mental health treatment has not progressed to the same extent as physical health treatment. Suboptimal mental health outcomes may be attributed to the lack of a systematic approach to tracking and measuring patient progress. In psychiatry, Measurement-Based Care (MBC) offers an objective, systematic approach to monitor clinical progress, evaluate treatment efficacy, and inform clinical decisions, yet remains seldom used in daily practice. AIMS: To identify the clinical impact of using MBC in psychiatry. METHODS: Using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model as a guideline, this integrative review focused on the research query, “What is the clinical impact of Measurement-Based Care when treating patients with mental illness?” RESULTS: A total of nine articles met the inclusion criteria for this integrative review. The articles ranged from 2008 to 2021. The following themes were identified from the analysis of these articles: (1) the clinical impact of MBC, (2) provider attitudes about MBC, and (3) barriers to MBC implementation. CONCLUSIONS: MBC, augmenting usual standard care, provides an objective, systematic approach using quantifiable data to monitor symptom severity and treatment effectiveness. This review highlights the clinical benefits of MBC, including increased remission rates, lower risk of relapse, improved medication adherence, and strengthening the therapeutic alliance. Although this review provides an overview of the benefits of MBC in psychiatry, there remains a substantial practice gap warranting further investigation. Strategies must be developed to address barriers at the individual and organizational levels which impede the successful adoption of MBC.
Effects of the COVID-19-induced lockdown period on general well-being, perceived stress and activity levels in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Honnudóttir Vár , Veyhe Anna Sofía , Mohr Monika , Strøm Marin , Mohr Magni 
Published: June 2023

Aims: Detrimental effects on health and well-being were reported during the COVID-19-induced lockdown periods in several countries, but these associations have not been studied in small-scale island societies. This study aimed to examine the lockdown period’s impact on general well-being, perceived stress and activity levels in the Faroe Islands. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from two extensive population-based surveys of the general health conducted in November 2019 (the pre-COVID survey; n=2906), and four to six weeks into the first national lockdown (the lockdown survey; n=1204). Results: A larger proportion of participants in the lockdown survey versus pre-COVID survey displayed excellent/very good self-rated health (68.1% vs. 62.0%; p<0.001), and the same pattern was observed for reporting good quality of life (85.7% vs. 82.7%; p<0.05). These associations remained statistically significant in a logistic regression model after adjusting for characteristics for which varying impact of the pandemic has been shown. Indicators of health behaviour showed that larger proportions of participants kept active during the lockdown survey versus pre-COVID survey, and these differences were statistically significant for physical, mental and spiritual activities ( p<0.001). On the other hand, similar stress levels in the pre-COVID/lockdown periods were observed, but stratified analysis showed that participants with a high-stress level displayed better self-rated health in the lockdown period compared to the pre-COVID period ( p=0.001). Conclusions: Findings indicate that self-reported health and quality of life improved during the early phase of the COVID lockdown, and individuals reported higher activity levels associated with good mental health during the COVID-19-induced lockdown period.
An Integrated Behavioral-Neuropsychiatric Treatment Plan Reduces Severe Challenging Behavior in an Adolescent With Neurobehavioral Complications of Neonatal Brain Injury
Authors: Langone Serra , Dever Kristen , Ricciardi Joseph N. , Sherak Donald L. 
Published: June 2023

We present the case of a 15-year-old adolescent boy with a neurobehavioral disorder who experienced a brain injury during the first month of life. The forms of challenging behaviors were severe and included aggression, property destruction, volitional incontinence, and suicidal statements, and had resulted in two psychiatric hospitalizations and multiple emergency evaluations prior to intervention. The intervention was preceded by a functional behavior assessment suggesting that a differential reinforcement intervention could be designed to minimize reinforcement of challenging behaviors while maximizing reinforcement of adaptive, positive behaviors. The intervention was introduced following the baseline phase and there was an immediate decrease in the rate of challenging behaviors and in the utilization of emergency psychiatric services. Improvements continued for 6 weeks, after which a medication was added to promote sleep onset (to decrease sleep onset latency) along with behavioral guidelines, which led to further improvements for an additional 12 weeks. A follow-up phase of 3 months showed sustained results. The study illustrates the value of an integrated approach utilizing applied behavior analysis and sequenced neuropsychiatry, and a neurobehavioral formulation where components of the participant’s brain injury history are integrated with an operant formulation as circumstances that explain the problem behavior while effectively suggesting strategies for behavioral treatment. Because the intervention was implemented by support staff in a group home, it illustrates the ability of support staff to work therapeutically with severe behavior presentations using structured behavioral interventions.
Comparison of Return-to-Sports Rates Between Male and Female Australian Athletes After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Klemm Haydn J. , Feller Julian A. , Webster Kate E. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Return to sports (RTS) is a goal for most patients who undergo anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although it has been reported that women RTS at a significantly lower rate compared with men, demographic and contextual factors that may be associated with this have not been investigated. Purpose: To compare RTS rates between men and women and investigate factors that may be associated with different rates of RTS in an Australian context. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 1338 patients who underwent primary ACLR between January 2014 and December 2017 were invited to complete a detailed sports participation questionnaire 2 to 7 years after surgery. RTS rates were calculated and compared between men and women overall and after stratifying by age at surgery (<20, 20-29, 30-39, or ≥40 years) and geographical location (metropolitan or rural). Contingency analysis was performed to compare factors associated with rates of RTS. Results: The survey completion rate was 81% (1080/1338). Overall, women had a significantly lower RTS rate compared with men (65.4% vs 74.9%; P = .001). However, when patients were grouped by age, the lower rate of RTS for women was significant only in the 20- to 29-year age group ( P = .01). For athletes who returned to sports, there was no sex-based difference when comparing the levels of RTS. When grouping patients based on geographical location, there was a significantly lower rate of RTS in metropolitan-based women compared with metropolitan-based men ( P < .001) and rural-based women ( P = .042). Conclusion: Although women returned to sports at a lower rate than men overall, this difference was predominantly seen in the 20- to 29-year age bracket and in those who lived in metropolitan areas. There was no difference between men and women regarding the RTS level.
Landing Posture in Elite Female Athletes During a Drop Vertical Jump Before and After a High-Intensity Ergometer Fatigue Protocol: A Study of 20 Japanese Women’s Soccer League Players
Authors: Kamitani Aguri , Hara Kunio , Fujii Yuta , Yoshida Shohei 
Published: June 2023

Background: Even elite athletes, who usually show stable postural control, sometimes cannot control their posture after high-load training. This instability may contribute to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the landing posture of elite female soccer players before and after a novel high-intensity fatigue-inducing exercise protocol. We hypothesized that the landing posture will change before versus after the fatigue protocol. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Method: The study participants were 20 female elite soccer players. All athletes performed 3 drop vertical jumps (DVJs), pedaled an ergometer 8 times with full force for 10 seconds each (fatigue protocol), and then repeated the 3 DVJs. We measured and compared the athletes’ blood lactate levels before and after the fatigue protocol, as well as the hip flexion, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion angles and final landing posture during the DJVs. Results: Blood lactate levels increased significantly pre- to postprotocol (from 2.7 ± 1.9 to 15.0 ± 3.6 mmol/L; P < .001), while there were decreases in hip flexion angle (from 35.0° ± 11.2° to 22.4° ± 8.8°; P < .001) and ankle dorsiflexion angle (from 26.4° ± 3.9° to 20.0° ± 3.7°; P < .001). The number of athletes who could not maintain a stable DVJ final landing posture increased from 10% before the fatigue protocol to 70% after. Conclusion: The elite female athletes in our study showed significant decreases in hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion angles in the DVJ landing after a fatigue-inducing protocol. Most elite athletes were unable to maintain a stable posture on the DVJ landing after the fatigue protocol. Clinical Relevance: This study advances our understanding of how elite athletes land in a fatigued state.
A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Stress and Sleep in First-Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Pattanaik Sambit , Fastring Danielle , Bateman Robert C. 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE Poor sleep quality is thought to be a contributor to medical student stress. The authors evaluated the effect of high and low periods of academic stress on sleep quality and quantity in first-year medical students. METHODS A group of 25 students in their first year of medical school were provided Fitbit Charge 3 activity trackers for continual use and were surveyed at 4 intervals to assess stress level, sleep quantity, and sleep quality. Fitbit data were collected through the Fitbit mobile app and uploaded to the Fitabase (Small Steps Labs, LLC) server. Data collection times were scheduled around the academic exam schedule. Weeks in which testing occurred were identified as high-stress periods. Results from assessments were compared to nontesting periods of low stress. RESULTS During stressful periods, students slept an average of one hour less per 24-h period, took more naps, and reported poorer sleep quality than during the low-stress periods. No significant change was seen in the 4 surveyed intervals in sleep efficiency or sleep stages. CONCLUSION Students slept less and had poorer quality sleep in their main sleep event during stressful periods but attempted to compensate with increased napping and weekend catchup sleep. The objective Fitbit activity tracker data were consistent with and validated the self-reported survey data. Activity trackers could potentially be used to optimize the efficiency and quality of both student napping and main sleep events as one component of a stress reduction program for medical students.
Perceived Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Suicide in Lesbian and Gay Youth
Authors: Saha Apurba , Marbaniang Mona Alice , Kakoty Monikornika , Barooah Samhita 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health issue. The WHO included the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations among the vulnerable groups of highest risk of suicide. This study, therefore, seeks to bring out the risk factors and preventive measures of suicide among the lesbian and gay youth. Methods: The study used descriptive study design with a quantitative method. The inclusion criteria include lesbian and gay youth between the age group of 22 and 25 years and pursuing Master’s degree. Through purposive sampling technique, 40 participants were selected. A structured interview schedule was constructed for this study. It was administered to understand the perceptions of participants on the risk factors and preventive measures. Results: The analysis revealed that majority of the participants agreed that lack of support, societal stigma, etc, are risks factors that may lead to suicide amongst the lesbian and gay youth, and majority participants also agree that certain preventive measures can be adopted to reduce the risk of suicide. Conclusions: Findings of the analysis highlighted differences in the characteristics of suicide among the lesbian and gay youth. Suicide prevention efforts and actions must be taken sensitively and culturally for the sexual minority populations.