bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Practice of Iodized Salt Consumption among Household of Morang
Authors: Rijal Elina , Basnet Saraswati 
Published: May 2023

Iodine is a necessary micronutrient, required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which are necessary for the normal growth and development of the body. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is major public health issues that affect people of all ages. IDD affects around 2 billion individuals worldwide with approximately 50 million experiencing clinical symptoms. Iodine deficiency illness was once common in Nepal. The Government of Nepal has made several attempts to address IDD by fortifying salt with iodine, but the problem persists, particularly in Nepal's hilly and mountainous regions. Thus the objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge and practice of iodized salt consumption among household of Sundarharaincha-12, Morang. A cross-sectional research study was used where respondents were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Total 106 household was included in research study. A semi-structured questionnaire for data collection was used by interview method. Finding was analyzed by using SPSS version 16. The findings of the study showed that all of the respondents (100.0 %) had knowledge that iodine is an essential element needed for life. About three fourth of the respondents (74.5 %) regular used two child logo salt. Almost all respondents (95.3 %) added salt during cooking. Education and type of family of the respondents had association with the level of knowledge and ethnicity, education and income of the respondents had association with the level of practice of iodized salt consumption.

The study was concluded as majority of the respondents had good knowledge while few of the respondents had poor knowledge on iodized salt consumption. However, their knowledge levels were not reflected in their practices as only more than two third of households had good practice while one third had poor practice of iodized salt consumption.
Key Words: Household, Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Iodized Salt, Knowledge, Practice.
Pengembangan E-Modul Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga Dan Kesehatan (PJOK) Materi Kebugaran Jasmani Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Aktivitas Bermain
Authors: Fadlan Abdur Rohim , Wahyuri Asep Sujana , Ihsan Nurul , Komaini Anton , Batubara Robiatun 
Published: May 2023

Produk pembelajarn berupa e-modul pembelajaran kebugaran jasmani berbasis aktvitas bermain pada pembelajaran PJOK adalah hasil akhir dari penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D). Produk e-modul dikembangkan melalui model pengembangan Borg and Gall yang terdiri dari 10 tahapan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 5 orang ahli, yakni 3 ahli mater, 1 ahli media dan 1 ahli bahasa serta pelaksanaan uji coba skala kecil dan skala besar. Pengumpulan data pada tahap uji valid yaitu menggunakan lembar validasi dan pengumpulan pada tahap uji coba menggunakan lembar angket. Tahap uji valid menunjukan bahwa e-modul yang dihasilkan sangat layak dengan persentase 88,2%. Sedangkan tahap uji coba skala kecil menunjukan bahwa peserta didik sangat setuju apabila e-modul sebagai bahan pembelajaran dengan persentase 85%. Tahap uji coba skala besar menujukan bahwa peserta didik sangat setuju apabila e-modul sebagai bahan pembelajaran dengan persentase 81.8%. Berdasarkan tahapan tersebut, dapat dinyatakan bahwa e-modul pembelajaran PJOK berbasis aktivitas bermain sangat layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar
Kata Kunci : E-modul, Aktivas Bermain, Kebugaran Jasmani.
Pengaruh Kecepatan, Keseimbangan Dan Konsentrasi Terhadap Kemampuan Dribbling Bola Siswa Sekolah Sekolah Sepakbola Rumbai
Authors: Ardiansyah Ardiansyah , Rifki Muhammad Sazeli , Arsil Arsil , Tohidin Didin 
Published: May 2023

Masalah penelitian adalah masih rendahnya kemampuan dribbling bola siswa sekolah sepakbola Rumbai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh langsung kecepatan terhadap kemampuan dribbling; (2) pengaruh langsung keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan dribbling.; (3) pengaruh langsung konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling; (4) pengaruh tidak langsung kecepatan melalui konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling; (5) pengaruh tidak langsung keseimbanganimelalui konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling; (6) pengaruh kecepatan, kelincahan dan konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling bola. Metode penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian kausal-komparatif, karena menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis). Populasi penelitian ini seluruh siswa sekolah sepakbola laki-laki PS Rumbai. Seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel penelitian, yaitu 36 orang. Data untuk kecepatan dikumpulkan dengan instrumen tes lari 30 meter, data untuk keseimbangan digunakan instrumen Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance, data untuk konsentrasi digunakan instrumen Grid Concentration Test, dan data untuk kemampuan dribbling digunakan instrumen tes dribbling sekolah sepakbola. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh langsung kecepatan terhadap kemampuan dribbling, karena koefiesiennya lebih kecil dari 0,05 (0,000<0,05); (2) terdapat pengaruh langsung keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan dribbling (0,038<0,05); (3) terdapat pengaruh langsung konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling dengan koefiesien 0,110 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05; (4) tidak terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung kecepatan melalui konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling, karena nilai pengaruhnya lebih kecil dari 0,302 (0,110<0,302); (5) tidak terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung keseimbanganimelalui konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan, karena nilai pengaruhnya lebih kecil dari 0,302 (0,251<0,302; (6) terdapat pengaruh secara simultan pada kecepatan, kelincahan dan konsentrasi terhadap kemampuan dribbling bola siswa sekolah sepakbola Rumbai, yaitu sebesar 62,09%.
Kata Kunci: Kecepatan, Keseimbangan, Konsentrasi, Kemampuan Dribbling sepakbola
Program Bimbigan Karir Di Perguruan Tinggi Untuk Membantu Adaptabilitas Karir
Authors: Alfi Alfi Rahmi , Neviyarni  , Marjohan  , Ifdil  , Afdal  
Published: May 2023

Program Bimbingan karir di Perguruan Tinggi bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan diri menghadapi dunia kerja, memilih profesi yang sesuai serta siap memangku jabatan dan menyesuaikan diri dengan berbagai tuntutan pekerjaan tersebut.Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan melakukan wawancara kepada mahasiswa dan program studi Bimbingan dan Konseling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Program bimbingan karir yang telah diterima oleh mahasiswa berupa Kegiatan Orientasi di Fakultas dan Program Studi, Layanan Informasi untuk mahasiswa tingkat akhir mengenai dunia kerja, Bimbingan Kelompok dengan topic persiapan memasuki dunia kerja, Kemudian secara akademik Program studi Bimbingan dan Konseling juga mendukung mahasiswa memiliki kesiapan memasuki dunia kerja dengan menyediakan Mata Kuliah Konseling Karir dan kewirausahaan. Untuk memperoleh kemampuan adaptabilitas karir yang baik, maka perlu didukung dengan Program Pelatihan agar mahasiswa memiliki keterampilan professional dalam dunia kerja.
Impact of Economic Currency Counterfeiting in Germany in World War II (1939-1945)
Authors: Dalimunthe Anantha Andhikatama , Saputro Guntur Eko , Prakoso Lukman Yudho 
Published: May 2023

In World War II one of the German strategies was the counterfeiting of currency to be used to purchase goods or services. Therefore, it is important to understand the background and consequences of currency counterfeiting in World War II. As a strategy used to weaken a country's economy, as well as the consequences of counterfeiting the currency using several stages including the heuristic stage, namely the stage of collecting primary data sources in the form of archives, news, newspapers, and secondary data in the form of books, articles then verifying or historical criticism, efforts to assess compatibility with events during the period (1939-1945) then interpretation (interpretation) so that the writing is objective data taken from several countries involved in World War II, then writing is done as a whole and analyzing in time order. Some of the impacts arising from the counterfeiting of currency by Germany are as follows: Inflation and economic instability, Harm to civil society, Financial loss to other countries. Germany also received severe political and economic sanctions at the end of World War II for counterfeiting currency and engaging in economic practices that harmed other countries. Sanctions were imposed on Germany at that time. With historical research conducted by heuristics, verification of historical criticism, interpretation, and historiography, we can better understand the counterfeiting of currency in World War II and its relevance for the present.
Neurofilament Light Protein Predicts Disease Progression in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Ma Li , Liang Danqi , Song Bingxin , Chen Jingshan , Huang Yaqin , Xu Lin , Zhao Peng , Wu Wei , Zhang Nan , Xue Rong 
Published: May 2023

Background: Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is increasingly recognized as a manifestation preceding the α-synucleinopathies like Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) have been reported to be higher in synucleinopathies as a sign of neurodegeneration. Objective: To evaluate whether plasma NfL is valuable in reflecting cognitive and motor status in iRBD and PD with a premorbid history of RBD (PDRBD), and predicting disease progression in iRBD. Methods: Thirty-one patients with iRBD, 30 with PDRBD, and 18 healthy controls were included in the cross-sectional and prospective study. Another cohort from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset was enrolled for verification analysis. All patients received evaluations of cognitive, motor, and autonomic function by a battery of clinical tests at baseline and follow-up. Blood NfL was measured by the Quanterix Simoa HD-1. Results: In our cohort, 26 patients with iRBD completed the follow-up evaluations, among whom eight (30.8%) patients displayed phenoconversion. Baseline plasma NfL cutoff value of 22.93 pg/mL performed best in distinguishing the iRBD converters from non-converters (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 83.3%, area under the curve: 0.84). Cognitive and motor function were significantly correlated with NfL levels in PDRBD (correlation coefficients: –0.379, 0.399; respectively). Higher baseline NfL levels in iRBD were significantly associated with higher risks for cognitive, motor, autonomic function progression, and phenoconversion at follow-up (hazard ratios: 1.069, 1.065, 1.170, 1.065; respectively). The findings were supported by the PPMI dataset. Conclusion: Plasma NfL is valuable in reflecting disease severity of PDRBD and predicting disease progression and phenoconversion in iRBD.
Predicting Motor Outcome and Quality of Life After Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Standard Screening Measures and Wearable-Data
Authors: Geraedts Victor J. , van Vugt Jeroen P.P. , Marinus Johan , Kuiper Roy , Middelkoop Huub A.M. , Zutt Rodi , van der Gaag Niels A. , Hoffmann Carel F.E. , Dorresteijn Lucille D.A. , van Hilten Jacobus J. , Contarino Maria Fiorella 
Published: May 2023

Background: Standardized screening for subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is crucial to determine eligibility, but its utility to predict postoperative outcomes in eligible patients is inconclusive. It is unknown whether wearable data can contribute to this aim. Objective: To evaluate the utility of universal components incorporated in the DBS screening, complemented by a wearable sensor, to predict motor outcomes and Quality of life (QoL) one year after STN DBS surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients were included in the OPTIMIST cohort study from two DBS centers. Standardized assessments included a preoperative Levodopa Challenge Test (LCT), and questionnaires on QoL and non-motor symptoms including cognition, psychiatric symptoms, impulsiveness, autonomic symptoms, and sleeping problems. Moreover, an ambulatory wearable sensor (Parkinson Kinetigraph (PKG)) was used. Postoperative assessments were similar and also included a Stimulation Challenge Test to determine DBS effects on motor function. Results: Eighty-three patients were included (median (interquartile range) age 63 (56–68) years, 36% female). Med-OFF (Stim-OFF) motor severity deteriorated indicating disease progression, but patients significantly improved in terms of Med-ON (Stim-ON) motor function, motor fluctuations, QoL, and most non-motor domains. Motor outcomes were not predicted by preoperative tests, including covariates of either LCT or PKG. Postoperative QoL was predicted by better preoperative QoL, lower age, and more preoperative impulsiveness scores in multivariate models. Conclusion: Data from the DBS screening including wearable data do not predict postoperative motor outcome at one year. Post-DBS QoL appears primarily driven by non-motor symptoms, rather than by motor improvement.
To Compare the Rescue Analgesia used in Post-Operative Period of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Choudhary Dr. Rupesh , Sharma Dr. Rahul , Jamwal Dr. Ankita , Drishti Dr. Divya 
Published: May 2023

Background: Spinal block is the first choice for lower abdominal surgeries. Bupivacaine is the most common local anaesthetic used but has a shorter duration of action. Many adjuvants have been used to improve the quality of analgesia till postoperative period. In this study, we used ?2-agonists.
Methods: A prospective randomized single blind study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia IGMC SHIMLA at Kamla Nehru state hospital.
Results: Injection PCM 1gm was used as rescue analgesic if VAS ?4 was achieved in any patient. In Group C 10 patients received Inj PCM as compared to 8 patients in Group D. One patient in each group received 1 dose, 5 in Group C and 2 in Group D received 2 doses and 4 in Group C and 5 in Group D received 3 doses of Inj PCM in 24 hrs postoperative period. (p=0.693).
Conclusion: We concluded that the rescue Analgesia used in post operative period.
To Compare the Side Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Choudhary Dr. Rupesh , Sharma Dr. Rahul , Jamwal Dr. Ankita , Drishti Dr. Divya 
Published: May 2023

Background: Addition of adjuvants to routinely used intrathecal drugs is cornerstone in safe and effective prolongation of single shot spinal block for gynecological surgery. In resource deficient countries, where epidural anaesthesia is usually not used because of cost factor, adjuvants are routinely used to prolong the effect of regional anaesthesia. Alpha 2 agonists are considered best drugs as adjuvants, but there is inconclusive data in literature about the block characteristic, dose at which to be used and side effect after use of these drugs.
Methods: A prospective randomized single blind study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia IGMC SHIMLA at Kamla Nehru state hospital.
Results: Hypotension was seen in 5 patients of Group C and 4 patients of Group D. Three patients in both the groups required 2 doses of Inj mephenteramine and 2 patients in Group C and 1 in Group D required single dose of Vasopressor (Inj mephentermine). (p=0.83). Five patients had bradycardia, 3 Nausea and 3 had shivering in Group C, while only 2 patients had side effects in Group D i.e one patient had bradycardia and another nausea, vomiting. (p= 0.657)
Conclusion: We observed hypotension, bradycardia, nausea vomiting and post operative shivering in our patients during the study period but there was no statistical significance achieved amongst the groups. (p>0.05).
To Compare the Vas Score of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Choudhary Dr. Rupesh , Sharma Dr. Rahul , Jamwal Dr. Ankita , Drishti Dr. Divya 
Published: May 2023

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is commonly used in gynaecological surgeries, with Bupivacaine being the most commonly used anaesthetic. Bupivacaine, on the other hand, has a shorter duration of action. This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the behaviour of intrathecal clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in augmenting block characteristics in patients undergoing gynaecological procedures.
Methods: A prospective randomized single blind study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia IGMC SHIMLA at Kamla Nehru state hospital.
Results: In Group C, Mean VAS score was 1±0 at 30 mins, 60 mins and 90 mins, however it increased to 2±0 at 120 mins, 150 mins, 180 mins and 210 mins. After 240 mins, VAS started increasing more in group C and at 270 mins mean VAS score significantly increased to 3±0 and then to 3.11±0.32, 3.63±0.49, 3.80±0.41 at 330 mins, 360 mins and 390 mins respectively. In Group D, Mean VAS score increased from 1± 0 at baseline and 60 mins to 1.04±0.21, 1.98±0.15 2± 0, 2.07±0.25, 2.13±0.34, 2.98±0.15, 3±0, 3.02±0.15, 3.27±0.45 and 3.81±0.39 3.81±0.39 at 90 mins, 120 mins, 150 mins, 180 mins, 210 mins, 240 mins, 270 mins, 300 mins, 330 mins, 360 mins and 390 mins respectively.
Conclusion: When compared between the groups, mean VAS score was significantly more in Group C at 240 mins, 330 mins and 360 mins(p≤0.021)
The resultant effects of Al-Numaniyah Ox-bow Lake's geomorphological development and the utilization of its ground
Authors: Salman Dr.Ayad A. Ali 
Published: May 2023

The research dealt with the geomorphological development of Al-Numaniyah Ox-bow Lake's, which was a former turning point and separated from the course of the Tigris River near the city of Al-Numaniyah in central Iraq. It became clear from the research the role of natural characteristics in the formation and geomorphic development of the lake, and it was estimated that the lake was cut off from the Tigris naturally in 1884, and since that time the lake was subjected to atrophy and its area shrunk due to the impact of water and wind sedimentation, but human intervention contributed to changing the direction of development towards the expansion of its area in the period until it reached its current area (1.42) km 2, through its previous use as a quarry for the extraction of table salt, and its current use as a pool for draining water from neighboring agricultural lands.
The interruption of the torsion from the river and its transformation into a lake had effects (geomorphic, hydrological, environmental, pedological) in terms of weathering, erosion and sedimentation processes, in addition to the variation in the characteristics of the lake water between summer and winter due to the effect of the variation of climate elements, agricultural seasons, quantities of drainage water and the percentage of groundwater recharge, and in general The high salinity of the water affected the salinity of the banks of the lake and the neighboring areas to the extent that it was known as (salt river) or (Al-Numaniyah Salt). The land uses of the lake and the surrounding land have changed as a quarry for salts or an agricultural wasteland, with the land cover changing towards an increasing number of land uses at the present time, and the research ended with some targeted suggestions.
Spatial analysis of the phenomenon of poverty in Nasiriyah using geographic information systems technology
Authors: Jwad Hassen Talib 
Published: May 2023

The research aims to diagnose the factors of poverty in the city of Nasiriyah, and its spatial analysis by adopting spatial analyzes in the environment of the geographic information systems program by finding patterns of spatial distribution of the poor population and the factors and density of their distribution such as neighborhood, nucleus density, kernel coefficient, and hot spots) with identifying the factors causing this phenomenon, As well as studying their conditions and the resulting effects. (665) questionnaires were distributed to several dwellings in the city of Nasiriyah, which differed in physical and physical distribution the intentional sample method was used to select a number of poor people according to their distribution in residential neighborhoods, and measures were adopted to treat them statistically according to the characteristics, size and quality of the data obtained. The research reached a set of indicators represented by the clear contrast of the phenomenon of poverty in the urban sphere of the city of Nasiriyah and its housing units, as the population and housing factors interact with each other to formulate the most important factors influencing the phenomenon of poverty through the close interdependence between them, as most of the neighborhoods of the city of Nasiriyah suffer from urban problems, and among them suffer from Poverty to varying degrees.
Temephos Resistance in Prevention of Dengue Cases: Literature Review
Authors: Fauzi Ekha rifki , Doungjan Kamonthip 
Published: May 2023

Dengue is an acute disease caused by bites from the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The decrease in the rate of dengue cases is due to the control of larval vectors using larvicide intervention. But overuse can result in resistant vectors. Temephos is a larvicide that has been circulating and used by the community for a long time. Aedes aegypti larvae are reported to be resistant in many countries. This study aims to find out the level of resistance of Aedes aegypti larvae to temephos. Scientific article searches in several databases using keywords in the period 2018-2022. This research uses the literature review method by searching articles from indexed journals as a source of information. Results from the synthesis of literature review found that temephos has experienced resistance in several countries, including Indonesia. The WHO standard for temephos of about 0.02 mg/L has experienced death resistance to the larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Resistance occurs due to the concentration of temephos used by the community for the control of dengue larvae. The results of studies with a concentration of 1% temephos have occurred mortality larvae dengue resistance. So that the concentration level of temephos use has had a resistance impact on the control of dengue cases in various countries.
OPIOID IN THE PAIN MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GOUT ARTHRITIS: FRIEND OR FOE?
Authors: Nilam Sari Mega , Pribadi Florence , M. Anigomang Eva , T.W. Suara Gede , A. Wardani Karmila , A. Perdana Kharisma , Anin Lidya , P. Fadhilah Yasmine , Luke Kevin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Intense and severe pain is the most common symptom of acute gout arthritis (GA) flare. A recent study revealed that opioids are commonly prescribed for acute gout flare.
Objective: This review aims to explain current evidence of opioid usage in the management of pain for acute GA flare.
Method: The literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar in June 2022. Relevant articles published in the last 10 years were included.
Results: The evidence of opioid use in managing acute gout arthritis flares is scarce. Currently, no guidelines recommend opioids as an initial analgesic choice in managing acute GA flare. Opioids are indicated in the flare with severe kidney dysfunction if only oral corticosteroids and intra-articular corticosteroids are not effective in reducing pain. Conclusion: Opioids should be used as only adjuvant and last choice in selected cases.