bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission structured illumination microscopy with tunable frequency illumination using tilt mirror assembly
Authors: Samanta Krishnendu , Ahmad Azeem , Tinguely Jean-Claude , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Joseph Joby 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present experimental demonstration of tilt-mirror assisted transmission structured illumination microscopy (tSIM) that offers a large field of view super resolution imaging. An assembly of custom-designed tilt-mirrors are employed as the illumination module where the sample is excited with the interference of two beams reflected from the opposite pair of mirror facets. Tunable frequency structured patterns are generated by changing the mirror-tilt angle and the hexagonal-symmetric arrangement is considered for the isotropic resolution in three orientations. Utilizing high numerical aperture (NA) objective in standard SIM provides super-resolution compromising with the field-of-view (FOV). Employing low NA (20X/0.4) objective lens detection, we experimentally demonstrate $$\sim$$
∼
(0.56 mm$$\times$$
×
0.35 mm) size single FOV image with $$\sim$$
∼
1.7- and $$\sim$$
∼
2.4-fold resolution improvement (exploiting various illumination by tuning tilt-mirrors) over the diffraction limit. The results are verified both for the fluorescent beads as well as biological samples. The tSIM geometry decouples the illumination and the collection light paths consequently enabling free change of the imaging objective lens without influencing the spatial frequency of the illumination pattern that are defined by the tilt-mirrors. The large and scalable FOV supported by tSIM will find usage for applications where scanning large areas are necessary as in pathology and applications where images must be correlated both in space and time.
Supplementation with okra combined or not with exercise training is able to protect the heart of animals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gomes Moisés Felipe Pereira , de Moura Elizabeth de Orleans Carvalho , Cardoso Naiara Magalhães , da Silva Graziele Aparecida , dos Santos Ana Carolina Cardoso , de Souza Fernanda Samantha , Estadella Débora , Lambertucci Rafael Herling , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Medeiros Alessandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death worldwide. In view of this scenario, many therapeutic proposals have appeared in order to optimize the treatment of individuals with MetS, including the practice of exercise training (ET) and the consumption of okra (O). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of O consumption and/or ET in animals with MetS. In all, 32 male Zucker rats (fa/fa) at 10 weeks old were randomly distributed into four groups of 8 animals each: MetS, MetS+O, MetS+ET and MetS+ET+O, and 8 lean Zucker rats (fa/ +) comprised the control group. Okra was administered by orogastric gavage 2x/day (morning and night, 100 mg/kg), 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. The ET was performed on a treadmill 1x/day (afternoon), 5 days/week, 60 min/day, in an intensity of 70% of maximal capacity, for the same days of O treatment. It was found that, O consumption alone was able to promote improved insulin sensitivity (MetS 93.93 ± 8.54 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 69.95 ± 18.7 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.65, CI = 50.32 −89.58, triglyceride reduction (MetS 492.9 ± 97.8 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 334.9 ± 98.0 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.61, CI = 193.2–398.7). In addition, it promoted a reduction in systolic blood pressure (MetS 149.0 ± 9.3 mmHg vs. MetS+O 132.0 ± 11.4 mmHg, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.63, CI = 120–140), prevented an increase in cardiac collagen (MetS 12.60 ± 2.08% vs. MetS+O 7.52 ± 0.77%, p ≤ 0.05, d = 3.24, CI = 6.56–8.49). When associated with ET, the results were similar. Thus, we conclude that O consumption combined or not with aerobic ET can have a protective effect on the cardiac tissue of rats with MetS.
Actigraphy-based sleep and activity measurements in intensive care unit patients randomized to ramelteon or placebo for delirium prevention
Authors: Jaiswal Stuti J. , Bagsic Samantha R. Spierling , Takata Emerson , Kamdar Biren B. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Owens Robert L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatients in the ICU often sleep poorly for various reasons, which may predispose to delirium. We previously conducted a clinical trial in which we tested the efficacy of ramelteon, a melatonin-receptor agonist used to treat insomnia, versus placebo, in preventing ICU delirium in patients who underwent elective pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) surgery. Here we examine sleep, activity, and circadian patterns, measured with actigraphy, to understand changes in these metrics with our intervention and in those with and without delirium. Participants wore wrist actigraphy devices while recovering post-operatively in the ICU. For sleep analysis, we extracted total sleep time and sleep fragmentation metrics over the 22:00 to 06:00 period nightly, and daytime nap duration from the daytime period (0:600 to 22:00) for each participant. For activity analyses, we extracted the following metrics: total daytime activity count (AC), maximum daytime AC, total nighttime AC, and maximum nighttime AC. Next, we performed a nonparametric circadian analysis on ACs over each 24-h day and extracted the following: interdaily stability (IS), intra-daily variability (IV), relative amplitude (RA), and low and high periods of activity (L5 and M10) as well as their start times. These metrics were compared between patients who received ramelteon versus placebo, and between patients who became delirious versus those who did not develop delirium. We additionally made comparisons between groups for daytime and nighttime light levels. No differences in sleep, activity, circadian metrics or light levels were found between drug groups. Delirious patients, when compared to those who were never delirious, had a lower IS (0.35 ± 0.16 vs. 0.47 ± 0.23; P = 0.006). Otherewise, no differences in IV, L5, M10, or RA were found between groups. L5 and M10 activity values increased significantly over the post-extubation for the whole cohort. No differences were found for daytime or nighttime light levels between groups. Overall, ramelteon did not impact sleep or circadian metrics in this cohort. Consistent with clinical experience, delirious patients had less inter-daily stability in their rest-activity rhythms. These data suggest that actigraphy might have value for individual assessment of sleep in the ICU, and for determining and detecting the impact of interventions directed at improving sleep and circadian activity rhythms in the ICU.Trial registration: REGISTERED at CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02691013. Registered on February 24, 2016 by principal investigator, Dr. Robert L. Owens.
A comparative analysis of urban forests for storm-water management
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Pawijit Yanin , Xu Chao , Moser-Reischl Astrid , Pretzsch Hans , Rötzer Thomas , Pauleit Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge-scale urban growth has modified the hydrological cycle of our cities, causing greater and faster runoff. Urban forests (UF), i.e. the stock of trees and shrubs, can substantially reduce runoff; still, how climate, tree functional types influence rainfall partitioning into uptake and runoff is mostly unknown. We analyzed 92 published studies to investigate: interception (I), transpiration (T), soil infiltration (IR) and the subsequent reduction in runoff. Trees showed the best runoff protection compared to other land uses. Within functional types, conifers provided better protection on an annual scale through higher I and T but broadleaved species provided better IR. Regarding tree traits, leaf area index (LAI) showed a positive influence for both I and T. For every unit of LAI increment, additional 5% rainfall partition through T (3%) and I (2%) can be predicted. Overall, runoff was significantly lower under mixed species stands. Increase of conifer stock to 30% in climate zones with significant winter precipitation and to 20% in areas of no dry season can reduce runoff to an additional 4%. The study presented an overview of UF potential to partition rainfall, which might help to select species and land uses in different climate zones for better storm-water management.
Optimization of wavy trapezoidal porous cavity containing mixture hybrid nanofluid (water/ethylene glycol Go–Al2O3) by response surface method
Authors: Alipour Navid , Jafari Bahram , Hosseinzadeh Kh. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing thermal performance and preventing heat loss are very important in energy conversion systems, especially for new and complex products that exacerbate this need. Therefore, to solve this challenge, a trapezoidal cavity with a wavy top wall containing water/ethylene glycol GO–Al2O3 nanofluid is simulated using Galerkin finite element method. The effects of physical parameters affecting thermal performance and fluid flow, including porosity (ℇ), thermal radiation (Rd), magnetic field angle (α), Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha), are investigated in the determined ratios. The results of applied boundary conditions showed that the optimal values for Ra, Ha, ℇ, Rd and α are 1214.46, 2.86, 0.63, 0.24 and 59.35, respectively. Considering that changes in radiation have little effect on streamlines and isothermal lines. Optimization by RSM and Taguchi integration resulted in optimal Nu detection. It provided a correlation for the average Nu based on the investigated determinants due to the conflicting influence of the study factors, which finally calculated the highest average Nusselt number of 3.07. Therefore, the ideal design, which is the primary goal of this research, increases the thermal performance.
Deep learning system to predict the 5-year risk of high myopia using fundus imaging in children
Authors: Foo Li Lian , Lim Gilbert Yong San , Lanca Carla , Wong Chee Wai , Hoang Quan V. , Zhang Xiu Juan , Yam Jason C. , Schmetterer Leopold , Chia Audrey , Wong Tien Yin , Ting Daniel S. W. , Saw Seang-Mei , Ang Marcus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOur study aims to identify children at risk of developing high myopia for timely assessment and intervention, preventing myopia progression and complications in adulthood through the development of a deep learning system (DLS). Using a school-based cohort in Singapore comprising of 998 children (aged 6–12 years old), we train and perform primary validation of the DLS using 7456 baseline fundus images of 1878 eyes; with external validation using an independent test dataset of 821 baseline fundus images of 189 eyes together with clinical data (age, gender, race, parental myopia, and baseline spherical equivalent (SE)). We derive three distinct algorithms – image, clinical and mix (image + clinical) models to predict high myopia development (SE ≤ −6.00 diopter) during teenage years (5 years later, age 11–17). Model performance is evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Our image models (Primary dataset AUC 0.93–0.95; Test dataset 0.91–0.93), clinical models (Primary dataset AUC 0.90–0.97; Test dataset 0.93–0.94) and mixed (image + clinical) models (Primary dataset AUC 0.97; Test dataset 0.97–0.98) achieve clinically acceptable performance. The addition of 1 year SE progression variable has minimal impact on the DLS performance (clinical model AUC 0.98 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.97 versus 0.94 in test dataset; mixed model AUC 0.99 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.95 versus 0.98 in test dataset). Thus, our DLS allows prediction of the development of high myopia by teenage years amongst school-going children. This has potential utility as a clinical-decision support tool to identify “at-risk” children for early intervention.
A phenome-wide comparative analysis of genetic discordance between obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Coral Daniel E. , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Tsereteli Neli , Pomares-Millan Hugo , Fitipaldi Hugo , Mutie Pascal M. , Atabaki-Pasdar Naeimeh , Kalamajski Sebastian , Poveda Alaitz , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Zhong Xue , Giordano Giuseppe N. , Pearson Ewan R. , Cox Nancy J. , Franks Paul W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes are causally related, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in the consequences of both conditions and the mechanisms of action are poorly defined. Here we show a genetic-driven approach defining two obesity profiles that convey highly concordant and discordant diabetogenic effects. We annotate and then compare association signals for these profiles across clinical and molecular phenotypic layers. Key differences are identified in a wide range of traits, including cardiovascular mortality, fat distribution, liver metabolism, blood pressure, specific lipid fractions and blood levels of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. We find marginal differences in abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes bacteria in the gut. Instrumental analyses reveal prominent causal roles for waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and cholesterol content of high-density lipoprotein particles in the development of diabetes in obesity. We prioritize 17 genes from the discordant signature that convey protection against type 2 diabetes in obesity, which may represent logical targets for precision medicine approaches.
Comprehensive analysis of mutational signatures reveals distinct patterns and molecular processes across 27 pediatric cancers
Authors: Thatikonda Venu , Islam S. M. Ashiqul , Autry Robert J. , Jones Barbara C. , Gröbner Susanne N. , Warsow Gregor , Hutter Barbara , Huebschmann Daniel , Fröhling Stefan , Kool Marcel , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Jones David T. W. , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Pfister Stefan M. , Jäger Natalie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnalysis of mutational signatures can reveal underlying molecular mechanisms of the processes that have imprinted the somatic mutations found in cancer genomes. Here, we analyze single base substitutions and small insertions and deletions in pediatric cancers encompassing 785 whole-genome sequenced tumors from 27 molecularly defined cancer subtypes. We identified only a small number of mutational signatures active in pediatric cancers, compared with previously analyzed adult cancers. Further, we report a significant difference in the proportion of pediatric tumors showing homologous recombination repair defect signatures compared with previous analyses. In pediatric leukemias, we identified an indel signature, not previously reported, characterized by long insertions in nonrepeat regions, affecting mainly intronic and intergenic regions, but also exons of known cancer genes. We provide a systematic overview of COSMIC v.3 mutational signatures active across pediatric cancers, which is highly relevant for understanding tumor biology and enabling future research in defining biomarkers of treatment response.
High-speed hybrid complementary ring oscillators based on solution-processed organic and amorphous metal oxide semiconductors
Authors: Wei Xiaozhu , Kumagai Shohei , Makita Tatsuyuki , Tsuzuku Kotaro , Yamamura Akifumi , Sasaki Mari , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolution-processed single-crystal organic semiconductors (OSCs) and amorphous metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are promising for high-mobility p- and n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs), respectively. Organic−inorganic hybrid complementary circuits hence have great potential to satisfy practical requirements. However, some chemical incompatibilities between OSCs and MOSs, such as heat and chemical resistance, make it difficult to rationally integrate TFTs based on solution-processed OSC and MOS onto the same substrates. Here, we report a rational integration method based on the solution-processed semiconductors by carefully managing the device configuration and the deposition and patterning techniques from a materials point of view. The balanced high performances as well as the uniform fabrication of the TFTs led to densely integrated five-stage ring oscillators with a short propagation delay of 1.3 µs per stage.
Network pharmacology study of the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Zhujing pill and its main component oleanolic acid against diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Cui Jialin , Shi Enze , Wang Yingjie , Liu Tiantian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working population worldwide, with few effective drugs available for its treatment in the early stages. The Zhujing pill (ZJP) is well-established to enhance the early symptoms of DR, but the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect remains unclear. In the present study, we used systems biology and multidirectional pharmacology to screen the main active ingredients of ZJP and retrieved DrugBank and Genecards databases to obtain ‘drug-disease’ common targets. Using bioinformatics analysis, we obtained the core targets, and potential mechanisms of action of ZJP and its main components for the treatment of DR. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding sites and the binding affinity of the main active ingredients to the core targets. The predicted mechanism was verified in animal experiments. We found that the main active ingredient of ZJP was oleanolic acid, and 63 common ‘drug-disease’ targets were identified. Topological analysis and cluster analysis based on the protein–protein interaction network of the Metascape database screened the core targets as PRKCA, etc. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that these core targets were significantly enriched in the pro-angiogenic pathway of the VEGF signaling pathway. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance revealed that ZJP and its main active component, oleanolic acid had the highest binding affinity with PKC-α, the core target of the VEGF signaling pathway. Animal experiments validated that ZJP and oleanolic acid could improve DR.
Nutritional strategies for intervention of diabetes and improvement of β-cell function
Authors: Wei Siying , Li Chenchen , Wang Zinan , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is caused by multiple factors including genetics, diets, and lifestyles. Diabetes is a chronic condition and is among the top 10 causes of death globally. Nutritional intervention is one of the most important and effective strategies for T2D management. It is well known that most of intervention strategies can lower blood glucose level and improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, the regulation of pancreatic β cells by dietary intervention is not well characterized. In this review, we summarized some of the commonly used nutritional methods for diabetes intervention. We then discussed the effects and the underlying mechanisms of nutritional intervention in improving the cell mass and function of pancreatic islet β cells. With emerging intervention strategies and in-depth investigation, we are expecting to have a better understanding about the effectiveness of dietary interventions in ameliorating T2D in the future.
Indexing Cognitive Resource Usage for Acquisition of Initial Voice Therapy Targets
Authors: Vinney Lisa A. , Tripp Raquel , Shelly Sandeep , Gillespie Amanda 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to index cognitive resource usage for acquisition of initial targets of two common voice therapy techniques (resonant voice therapy [RVT] and conversation training therapy [CTT]) based on the theorized depletion effect (i.e., when an initial task requiring high cognitive load leads to poorer performance on a subsequent task).

Method:
Eleven vocally healthy participants, ages 23–41 years, read aloud the Rainbow Passage and produced consonant–vowel resonant targets (/mi, ma, mu/) followed by a baseline computerized Stroop task and a 15-min washout. Following this baseline period, participants watched and interacted with two videos instructing them in RVT or CTT initial targets. After viewing each video and practicing the associated vocal skills, participants rated the degree of mental effort required to engage in the target vocal technique on a modified Borg scale. Participants recorded their attempts at RVT on /mi, ma, mu/ and CTT on the Rainbow Passage, which were later rated by three voice-specialized speech-language pathologists as to how representative they were of each respective target technique. Changes in fundamental frequency and average auditory-perceptual ratings from baseline were examined to determine if participants adjusted their technique from RVT and CTT baseline to acquisition.

Results:
Performance on the Stroop task was, on average, worse post CTT than post RVT, but both post-CTT and post-RVT Stroop scores were poorer than baseline. These results suggest that both treatment techniques taxed cognitive resources but that CTT was more cognitively taxing than RVT. However, despite differences in raw averages, no statistically significant differences were found between the baseline, post-CTT, and post-RVT Stroop scores, likely due to the small sample size. Participant ratings of mental effort for CTT and RVT were statistically similar. Likewise, poorer post-RVT Stroop scores were associated with participants' greater perceived mental effort with RVT acquisition, but there was no significant association between mental effort ratings for CTT acquisition and post-CTT Stroop scores. Significantly higher fundamental frequency and perceived ratings of the accuracy of technique from baseline to acquisition for both CTT and RVT were found, providing evidence of vocal behavior changes as a result of each technique.

Conclusions:
Brief exposure to initial treatment tasks in CTT is more cognitively depleting than initial RVT tasks. Results also indicate that vocally healthy participants are able to make a voice change in response to a brief therapy prompt. Finally, participant-rated measures of mental effort and secondary measures of cognitive depletion do not always correlate.