bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time course of inducibility of indirect responses in an ant‐defended plant
Authors: Calixto Eduardo Soares , Del‐Claro Kleber , Lange Denise , Bronstein Judith 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlants have evolved inducible defenses that allow them to minimize costs associated with the production of constitutive defenses when herbivores are not present. However, as a consequence, some plants might experience a period of vulnerability between damage and the onset of defense and/or between the cessation of damage and relaxation of defense. Few studies have examined the time course in the inducible protective mutualism between ants and extrafloral nectary (EFN)‐bearing plants. None has compared the inducibility of EFNs on vegetative versus reproductive parts or in response to different levels of herbivore damage. Here, we disentangle the inducibility process by evaluating extrafloral nectar production and ant attendance over time, the time course of inducibility on different plant parts, and the time course of inducibility in response to different levels of foliar damage in a Brazilian tree,Qualea multiflora(Vochysiaceae). Using simulated herbivory on leaves and flowers, we found that (a) the production of extrafloral nectar from foliar and floral EFNs, as well as ant attendance, exhibited a lag between the moment of damage and the peak of response, followed by a response peak (usually 24 h after damage) at which the defense remains at its maximum level, then declines to prestimulus levels; (b) the time course of inducibility and the peak activity did not differ between EFNs located in vegetative versus reproductive parts, except for sugar concentration, which was higher in EFNs on vegetative parts; and (c) the time course of inducibility of foliar EFNs depended on damage level. Although considered a cost‐saving strategy, inducible defenses can be disadvantageous since they can leave plants vulnerable to attack for extended periods. Our results illuminate the dynamics of the induced response and the underlying mechanisms that might mediate it, ultimately providing new insights into defense strategies employed by plants.
Integrated care for older multimorbid heart failure patients: protocol for the ESCAPE randomized trial and cohort study
Authors: Zelenak Christine , Nagel Jonas , Bersch Kristina , Derendorf Lisa , Doyle Frank , Friede Tim , Herbeck Belnap Birgit , Kohlmann Sebastian , Skou Søren T. , Velasco Carlos A. , Albus Christian , Asendorf Thomas , Bang Christian Axel , Beresnevaite Margarita , Bruun Niels Eske , Burg Matthew M. , Buhl Sussi Friis , Gæde Peter H. , Lühmann Dagmar , Markser Anna , Nagy Klaudia Vivien , Rafanelli Chiara , Rasmussen Sanne , Søndergaard Jens , Sørensen Jan , Stauder Adrienne , Stock Stephanie , Urbinati Stefano , Riva Diego Della , Wachter Rolf , Walker Florian , Pedersen Susanne S. , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph ,   the ESCAPE consortium
Published: March 2023

AbstractESCAPEEvaluation of a patient‐centred biopsychosocial blended collaborative care pathway for the treatment of multimorbid elderly patients.Therapeutic AreaHealthcare interventions for the management of older patients with multiple morbidities.AimsMulti‐morbidity treatment is an increasing challenge for healthcare systems in ageing societies. This comprehensive cohort study with embedded randomized controlled trial tests an integrated biopsychosocial care model for multimorbid elderly patients.HypothesisA holistic, patient‐centred pro‐active 9‐month intervention based on the blended collaborative care (BCC) approach and enhanced by information and communication technologies can improve health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and disease outcomes as compared with usual care at 9 months.MethodsAcross six European countries, ESCAPE is recruiting patients with heart failure, mental distress/disorder plus ≥2 medical co‐morbidities into an observational cohort study. Within the cohort study, 300 patients will be included in a randomized controlled assessor‐blinded two‐arm parallel group interventional clinical trial (RCT). In the intervention, trained care managers (CMs) regularly support patients and informal carers in managing their multiple health problems. Supervised by a clinical specialist team, CMs remotely support patients in implementing the treatment plan—customized to the patients' individual needs and preferences—into their daily lives and liaise with patients' healthcare providers. An eHealth platform with an integrated patient registry guides the intervention and helps to empower patients and informal carers.HRQoL measured with the EQ‐5D‐5L as primary endpoint, and secondary outcomes, that is, medical and patient‐reported outcomes, healthcare costs, cost‐effectiveness, and informal carer burden, will be assessed at 9 and ≥18 months.ConclusionsIf proven effective, the ESCAPE BCC intervention can be implemented in routine care for older patients with multiple morbidities across the participating countries and beyond.
Precision medicine: Vinpocetine as a potential treatment for GABRG2‐related epilepsy
Authors: Mandelenaki Despoina , Juvené Elodie , Lederer Damien , Aeby Alec 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPathogenic variants of the GABRG2 gene, encoding a GABAA receptor subunit, have been associated with various epileptic syndromes and drug‐resistant epilepsy. Vinpocetine has been previously reported efficacious in a patient harboring a GABRB3 pathogenic variant, encoding another GABAA receptor subunit.Case presentationWe describe a patient with GABRG2‐related drug‐resistant epilepsy who improved after vinpocetine treatment. An 8‐year‐old boy with a family history of epilepsy was diagnosed with early onset absence epilepsy at 6 months of age and was treated unsuccessfully with sodium valproate and ethosuximide. At 6 years of age, he developed generalized tonic–clonic seizures and increasing absences despite lamotrigine add‐on as well as learning difficulties. Brain MRI was normal and video‐EEG telemetry showed multiple myoclonic absences. An epilepsy gene panel analysis showed a GABRG2 pathogenic variant, c.254 T > A p.(Ile85Lys) (NM_198903.2), inherited from the proband's father. Seizures were resistant to several medications. After treatment with vinpocetine add‐on, the patient showed a dramatic initial response, further reduction of seizures, and improvement of his cognitive functions.ConclusionThis case illustrates that vinpocetine could be considered in drug‐resistant epilepsies related to GABRG2 in accordance with the principles of precision medicine.
Combination of physics‐based and data‐driven modeling for nonlinear structural seismic response prediction through deep residual learning
Authors: Guo Jia , Enokida Ryuta , Li Dawei , Ikago Kohju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite great progress in seeking accurate numerical approximator to nonlinear structural seismic response prediction using deep learning approaches, tedious training process and large volume of structural response data under earthquakes for training and validation are often prohibitively accessible. In our methodology, the main innovation can be seen in the incorporation of deep neural networks (DNNs) into a classical numerical integration method by using a hybridized integration time‐stepper. In this way, the linear physics information of the structure and the obscure nonlinear dynamics are smoothly combined. We propose to use residual network (ResNet) to learn time‐stepping schemes specifically for the nonlinear state variables of the system. Our Physics‐DNN hybridized integration (PDHI) time‐stepping scheme provides important advantages over current pure data‐driven approaches, including (i) a flexible framework incorporating known time‐invariant physics information, (ii) requirement of structural seismic response data being circumvented by simple short bursts of trajectories collected from underlying nonlinear components, and (iii) efficiency in training and validation process. Besides, our results indicate that a simple feedforward or convolutional architecture outperforms recurrent networks to fulfill the requirement of prediction accuracy as well as long‐range memory in structural dynamic analysis. Several numerical and experimental examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Rigid polyurethane foam compounds with excellent fire performance modified by a piperazine pyrophosphate/expandable graphite synergistic system
Authors: Liu Mengru , Shen Haifeng , Luo Yuzhou , Zhang Renhui , Tao Yi , Liu Xiuyu , Zong Zhifang , Tang Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) has many excellent properties, but its flammability has been a challenge for the application of RPUF compounds. In this research, piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and expandable graphite (EG) were added to the RPUF matrix to improve the fire performance of RPUF. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that PAPP and EG contributed to the early decomposition of the FR‐RPUF matrix, and the char residue of RPUF‐3 reached 37.1 wt% when the PAPP: EG ratio was 1:1. The flame‐retardant test indicated that the FR‐RPUF composites reached the V‐0 level, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of RPUF‐4 was 28.8%. In addition, cone calorimeter tests showed that the addition of flame retardants reduced the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), further improving the fire performance of the compounds. The analysis of the char residue confirmed the formation of a denser char residue and significant improvement in the graphitization degree due to the PAPP/EG synergistic effect, indicating that the char residue could effectively isolate oxygen and heat and act as a flame retardant in the condensed phase.
Combining Statewide Surveys and Classification to Support Management of Streams
Authors: Zorn Troy , Wills Todd , Hessenauer Jan-Michael , Lenz Joel , Bissell Ed , DePottey Ashley , Kilijanczyk Danielle Forsyth , Francis Anila 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Data from agency-based inventory programs could be very useful for local fishery management if appropriately summarized and served, but data are often accessible to few. Fundamental management questions at regional and local scales center around resource status and trends, highlighting the need for decision support tools operating at multiple scales. As stream classifications are developed for regions, survey programs become standardized, and innovations for serving spatially and temporally extensive data publicly become common, opportunities arise for developing locally relevant management decision support tools. We describe simple public-facing tools that use information from a statewide stream inventory program to increase understanding of local and regional trends in important fish populations, describe benchmark conditions for all stream types at various spatial scales, and provide empirical support for local and broader scale management of stream fishes and habitat. We provide examples demonstrating their utility to encourage development of similar tools elsewhere.
Optimal futures hedging by using realized semicovariances: The information contained in signed high‐frequency returns
Authors: Lai Yu‐Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a realized semicovariance‐based generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model for optimal futures hedging in which realized semicovariances are computed from signed high‐frequency returns. The model enables flexible, continuous leverage for equity indices and exhibits stronger responses to jointly negative return shocks than do traditional threshold‐based asymmetric GARCH models. Our results indicate that the proposed model outperforms simpler models in model fit, covariance prediction, and portfolio variance reduction and can help achieve pronounced economic gains for hedgers. The findings demonstrate that signed high‐frequency returns contain valuable information for explaining covariance asymmetries and provide managerial implications for market participants to improve risk management.
Retrospective matched cohort study of incidence rates and excess length of hospital stay owing to pressure injuries in an Asian setting
Authors: Graves Nicholas , Maiti Raju , Aloweni Fazila Abu Bakar , Yi Zhen Ng , Yuh Ang Shin , Bishnoi Priya , Chong Tze Tec , Carmody David , Harding Keith 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about stage 1 and 2 pressure injuries that are health care‐acquired. We report incidence rates of health care‐acquired stage 1 and stage 2 pressure injuries, and, estimate the excess length of stay using four competing analytic methods. We discuss the merits of the different approaches.MethodsWe calculated monthly incidence rates for stage 1 and 2 health care‐acquired pressure injuries occurring in a large Singapore acute care hospital. To estimate excess stay, we conducted unadjusted comparisons with a control cohort, performed linear regression and then generalized linear regression with a gamma distribution. Finally, we fitted a simple state‐based model. The design for the cost attribution work was a retrospective matched cohort study.ResultsIncidence rates in 2016 were 0.553% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55, 0.557) and 0.469% (95% CI 0.466, 0.472) in 2017. For data censored at 60 days’ maximum stay, the unadjusted comparisons showed the highest excess stay at 17.68 (16.43‐18.93) days and multi‐state models showed the lowest at 1.22 (0.19, 2.23) days.ConclusionsPoor‐quality methods for attribution of excess length of stay to pressure injury generate inflated estimates that could mislead decision makers. The findings from the multi‐state model, which is an appropriate method, are plausible and illustrate the likely bed‐days saved from lowering the risk of these events. Stage 1 and 2 pressure injuries are common and increase costs by prolonging the length of stay. There will be economic value investing in prevention. Using biased estimates of excess length of stay will overstate the potential value of prevention.
Volatility forecasting with Hybrid‐long short‐term memory models: Evidence from the COVID‐19 period
Authors: Yang Ao , Ye Qing , Zhai Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVolatility forecasting, a central issue in financial risk modelling and management, has attracted increasing attention after several major financial market crises. In this article, we draw upon the literature on volatility forecasting and hybrid models to construct the Hybrid‐long short‐term memory (LSTM) models to forecast the intraday realized volatility in three major US stock indexes. We construct the hybrid models by combining one or multiple traditional time series models with the LSTM model, and incorporating either the estimated parameters, or the predicted volatility, or both from the statistical models as additional input values into the LSTM model. We perform the out‐of‐sample test of our Hybrid‐LSTM models in volatility forecasting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) period. Empirical results show that the Hybrid‐LSTM models can still significantly improve the volatility forecasting performance of the LSTM model during the COVID‐19 period. By analysing how the construction methods may influence the forecasting performance of the Hybrid‐LSTM models, we provide some suggestions on their design. Finally, we identify the optimal Hybrid‐LSTM model for each stock index and compare its performance with the LSTM model on each day during our sample period. We find that the Hybrid‐LSTM models' great capability of capturing market dynamics explains their good performance in forecasting.
Evaluation of AquaCrop for potato yield and biomass simulation under different water amounts in drip and furrow irrigation methods
Authors: Izadi Zohre , Nasrolahi Ali Heidar , Borujeni Bijan Haghighati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPotato is one of the most important crops for meeting food needs worldwide. The water requirement of this crop is high, and its yield is sensitive to the amount of irrigation water. Studying different amounts of irrigation water in irrigation methods is not only expensive but also time‐consuming, so it is necessary to use water‐driven crop models such as AquaCrop. This research aims to evaluate the accuracy of AquaCrop for simulating potato yield and biomass in Iran at three irrigation levels (full irrigation [FI] stands for 100%, I80 for 80% and I65 for 65% of the crop water requirement) via two irrigation methods (furrow irrigation and drip irrigation). For furrow irrigation, the normalized root mean square error values in the FI, I80 and I65 treatments varied between 17% and 28% for yield and 12% and 17% for biomass. These results for drip irrigation were 17%–22% (yield) and 9%–18% (biomass). For furrow irrigation, the average root mean square error values for potato biomass and yield were 0.89 and 0.68 t ha−1, respectively. The corresponding results for drip irrigation were 0.79 and 0.64 t ha−1, respectively. Based on all the results, the accuracy of AquaCrop was good for both irrigation methods, even though its accuracy under severe water stress conditions (I65) for the drip irrigation method was better than that for furrow irrigation.
Characterization of drug‐related problems and evaluation of pharmacist interventions in the cardiovascular intensive care settings in Thailand
Authors: Wattanaruengchai Phannita , Kongwatcharapong Junporn , Nathisuwan Surakit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionData regarding drug‐related problems (DRPs) and pharmacist's role in the cardiovascular intensive care units (CICU) from low‐ to middle‐income countries (LMIC) are limited.ObjectiveThe study aimed to characterize the DRP and interventions provided by clinical pharmacists in the CICU settings.MethodA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients admitted to CICU of a tertiary‐care hospital in Thailand during January 2021 to March 2022 was performed. Data were collected from patient's medical records and pharmacy service records. DRPs were categorized according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe classification. Two board‐certified pharmacotherapy specialists, pharmacy residents, and trained clinical pharmacists staffed the units 5 days a week. The pharmacist team conducted a medication review and provided interventions to the cardiology team either verbally during the ward round or in writing, as appropriate. Pharmacist interventions were categorized into two groups including retrospective intervention (interventions made to resolve DRPs after an order was made) and prospective interventions (interventions made prior to ordering process). Outcome measures were (1) number of DRPs identified; (2) category of DRPs; (3) number interventions; and (4) acceptance rate of interventions by the medical team.ResultsAmong 576 patients admitted to the CICU, 345 DRPs were identified in 203 patients. The pharmacist team provided a total of 790 interventions including 345 retrospective interventions to resolve DRPs and 445 prospective interventions to guide medication use prior to the ordering process. The most frequent intervention was related to dosage adjustment, drug administration, adding drugs for existing conditions, and suggesting laboratory monitoring. The acceptance rate of the pharmacist intervention was 97.4%, most of which led to changes in drug therapy.ConclusionDRPs in CICU settings are common. Trained clinical pharmacists can effectively resolve DRPs and provide recommendations to improve quality of care through both clinical and distribution functions.
Whole exome and transcript profiling of liver following aflatoxin B1 exposure in rats
Authors: Foley Julie F. , Elgart Brian , Phadke Dhiral , Mav Deepak , Tripodi Ignacio , Clausen Nicholas , Weick Madeleine , Gladwell Wes , Gerrish Kevin , Shah Ruchir , Merrick B. Alex 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe recently developed a rat whole exome sequencing (WES) panel and used it to evaluate early somatic mutations in archival liver tissues from F344/N rats exposed to the hepatocarcinogen, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a widely studied, potent mutagen and hepatocarcinogen associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Rats were exposed to 1‐ppm AFB1 in feed for 14, 90, and 90 days plus a recovery 60‐day, non‐exposure period (150‐day) timepoint. Isolated liver DNA was exome sequenced. We identified 172 sequence variants across all timepoints, of which 101 were non‐synonymous variants. Well‐annotated genes carried a diverse set of 29 non‐synonymous mutations at 14 days, increasing to 39 mutations at 90 days and then decreasing to 33 mutations following the 60‐day recovery. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis conducted on previously reported, available RNA expression data of the same exome sequenced archival samples identified altered transcripts in pathways associated with malignant transformation. These included HALLMARK gene sets associated with cell proliferation (MYC Targets Version 1 and Version 2, E2F targets), cell cycle (G2M checkpoint, mitotic spindle), cell death (apoptosis), and DNA damage (DNA repair, UV response Up, Reactive oxygen species) pathways. DriverNet Impact analysis integrated exome‐seq and expression data to reveal somatic mutations in Mcm8, Bdp1, and Cct6a that may drive cancer formation. Connectivity with transcript expression changes identified these genes as the top‐ranked candidate driver genes associated with hepatocellular transformation. In conclusion, exome sequencing revealed early somatic mutations that may play a role in cancer cell transformation that are translatable to aflatoxin‐induced HCC.
Managerial sentiment and predicted and opportunistic special items
Authors: Askarzadeh Alireza , Yung Kenneth , Najand Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior studies suggest that firm managers misclassify core expenses as special items to influence investors’ perception of firm performance. In this investigation, we find that managerial decisions regarding misclassification of expenses are affected by managerial sentiment. Managerial sentiment has a negative relation with special‐item reporting because optimistic (pessimistic) managers pursue a misclassification that is lower (higher) than what is justified by the information available to the manager. By decomposing special items into predicted (PREDSI) and opportunistic (OPSI) components, we find that the effect of managerial sentiment is pronounced among opportunistic special items. Our results show that PREDSI (OPSI) has a non‐negative (negative) relation with future firm performance, and special items associated with managerial sentiment adversely affect future firm performance. We also find results that suggest that financial constraints serve as a channel that reinforces the negative association between managerial sentiment and special items. Specifically, financial constraints impose a limit on how frequently sentiment‐driven managers can misclassify core expenses because misclassifications obscure firm transparency and harm the credit supply. Our results remain consistent after a battery of robustness tests.