bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of diatomaceous earth, and entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, and Trichoderma asperellum in combination and separately, against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Ozdemir Ismail Oguz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the most significant pests infesting leguminous crops since it is found in tropical and subtropical climates, as well as in Turkey. The most often utilized methods of managing these insects are fumigants and synthetic insecticides. However, chemical pesticides lead to increased risks for human health, chemical residues, insect resistance, and environmental contamination. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi [Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and Trichoderma asperellum (Ta)] individually or in combination with diatomaceous earth (DE) against C. maculatus. The fungi Bb and Ta were applied at 1 × 104, 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 spores/kg of chickpea seeds and mixed with 200, 400, 800 mg/kg of DE. Additionally, the progeny production of the insect on chickpea in the different treatments was evaluated after 40 days of exposure.

Results
In all individual treatments, total adult mortality of the insect was accomplished solely by using the highest DE treatment rate (800 mg/kg) after 7 days. The most effective combination that was a mixture at highest application rate of DE/Bb (800 mg/kg of DE + 1 × 108 spores/kg of Bb) caused 100% mortality after 6 days of exposure and had the lowest LT50 (2.97) and LT90 (5.46) values (days). Although other DE/Bb binary combinations caused 100% mortality of C. maculatus 6 days after treatment, their LT50 and LT90 values were lower. Insect mortalities were 100% in all DE/Ta binary combinations on days 7 and 8, and the highest application rate (800 mg/kg of DE + 1 × 108 spores/kg of Ta) of this combination had the lowest LT50 (4.14) and LT90 (6.17) values (days). Individual treatments of DE, Bb, Ta and their binary combinations caused significant reduction in progeny production after 40 days of treatment compared with progeny production in the control of C. maculatus. The highest progeny production (88.9%) was observed at the highest treatment rate of DE/Bb combinations (800 mg/kg of DE + 1 × 108 spores/kg of BB).

Conclusions
The treatments used in combination of Bb or Ta with DE resulted in increased insecticidal effectiveness against C. maculatus. These natural agents caused considerable decreasing of progeny production of the pest. Even with reduced application rates, the agents with a promising potential against the pest showed acceptable results in binary combinations.
Quantitative analysis of cell-free plasma DNA as a prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Tiwari Shivam , Yadav Lokendra Bahadur , Minocha Priyanka , Vajpeyee Manisha , Vajpeyee Atulabh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Stroke has become a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and despite the introduction of new screening programs, therapies, and monitoring technologies, there is still a need to develop more useful biochemical tests to monitor treatment response and inform clinical decision-making. Cell-free DNA released from damaged neurons in stroke patients may be useful in assessing stroke prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of cell-free DNA and a highly sensitive blood biomarker in acute ischemic stroke. 188 patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited for the study. The level of cell-free DNA in plasma was estimated using a real-time PCR assay for the β-globin gene (Qiagen-Rotor-Gene Q MDX, Germany). Clinical assessment was performed with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of admission. After a period of three months from the onset of stroke, (mRS) scores were estimated using the modified Rankin scale.

Results
Elevated levels of cell-free DNA were found in patients with higher NIHSS admission scores and mRS 3-month scores (p < 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that the markers are associated with an unfavorable outcome in comparison to other stroke risk factors (R2 = 0.224). Stroke outcome was relatively better in patients with a cell-free DNA level < 10,000 kilogenome equivalents/L (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Measurement of total cell-free DNA levels is a simpler and less-expensive biomarker suggesting potential clinical application of blood-based test. Cell-free DNA can contribute to the clinical evaluation and optimal management of ischemic stroke patients. This biomarker seems to have the potential to predict the long-term prognosis of acute ischemic stroke.
Effect of different oils and sugar syrups on the properties of tray kadayif (traditional Turkish dessert)
Authors: Başar Burak , Boz Hüseyin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different oils and sugar syrups on the sensory and textural properties of traditional Turkish dessert the tray kadayif. The textural parameters of the tray kadayif samples were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by the replacement of sunflower oil and hazelnut oil with butter. The cutting hardness values of the tray kadayif samples increased with the increase in the amount of sunflower oil added to the formulations. The highest hardness values were achieved in formulations without butter in terms of both cutting hardness and fork hardness. The stickiness values reached the highest level in formulations containing 50% sunflower oil, 50% butter and 0% hazelnut oil. When the sugar syrups were compared, the stickiness values of the samples with sucrose syrup were found to be higher than the samples with glucose syrup. As a result of the sensory analysis conducted, though all the formulations were accepted by panelists, the highest score from the panelists was received by the formulations containing 75% butter and 25% oil (sunflower and hazelnut oil). It was also determined that the tray kadayif samples prepared with sucrose syrup had higher scores than the samples prepared with glucose syrup in terms of sensory properties.
Social isolation among adolescents and its association with depression symptoms
Authors: Alsadoun Danah A. , Alotaibi Haneen S. , Alanazi Amwaj I. , Almohsen Leena A. , Almarhoum Njoud N. , Mahboub Samira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Social isolation can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts, and relationships with family, friends, and neighbors. According to some studies, social isolation was associated with depressive symptoms. At least one out of every five teenagers suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem that impairs their function. Saudi Arabia has a significant adolescent population; however, there are few studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess social isolation and its psychological impact among adolescents. This research is intended to study the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents in Riyadh and its association with depression symptoms.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 adolescents living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire was used, and it was composed of three sections which are sociodemographic characteristics, assessment of social isolation, and assessment of depression symptoms.

Results
The study reported the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents was 10.14%. The prevalence of depression symptoms among adolescents was high (31.68%). There was a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied sample (χ2 = 12.3, p = 0.002). It was found that being a male, living with both parents, and having low income are significant predictors of social isolation among adolescents; with r2 = 0.08 and p-value < .0001. It was also found that low-income level had a more impact on social isolation among adolescents than other factors (estimate = 1.6).

Conclusions
A total of 10% of adolescents in Riyadh are socially isolated. There is a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied adolescents. Symptoms of depression can be predicted by social isolation.

Recommendations
The Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia should work together to conduct educational intervention programs for adolescents about mental health, the importance of social interaction, and the drawbacks of social isolation. These topics should also be involved in the curriculum of secondary schools.
Training General Practitioners in Oncology: Lessons Learned From a Cross-Sectional Survey of GPOs in Canada
Authors: Gyawali Bishal , Carson Laura Mae , Shuel Sian , Wilkinson Anna Nathalie , Ostic Heather , Savage Colleen , Berry Scott 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Many countries face a significant shortage of medical oncologists. To mitigate this problem, some countries, including Canada, have established training programs for general practitioners in oncology (GPOs), which train family physicians (FPs) in the fundamentals of cancer care. This type of GPO training model may be useful in other countries facing similar challenges. Therefore, Canadian GPOs were surveyed to learn from their experiences and inform the development of similar programs in other countries. METHODS A survey was designed and administered to Canadian GPOs to understand the methods and outcomes of GPO training and practice in the Canadian context. The survey was active from July 2021 to April 2022. Participants were recruited through personal and provincial networks and an email list provided by the Canadian GPO network. RESULTS The survey received 37 responses for an estimated response rate of 18%. Although only 38% of respondents indicated that family medicine training sufficiently prepared them to care for patients with cancer, 90% indicated that GPO training did. Clinics with oncologists were found to be the most effective mode of learning, followed by small group learning and online education. Critical knowledge domains and skills most relevant for GPO training were identified as the treatment of side effects, symptom management, palliative care, and breaking bad news. CONCLUSION Participants in this survey felt that a dedicated GPO training program offered value beyond family medicine residency in preparing providers to adequately care for patients with cancer. GPO training can be done effectively through virtual and hybrid content delivery. Critical knowledge domains and skills identified as the most important in this survey may be valuable for other groups and nations implementing similar training programs to increase their oncology workforce.
Optical measurement of gating pore currents in hypokalemic periodic paralysis model cells
Authors: Kubota Tomoya , Takahashi Satoe , Yamamoto Risa , Sato Ruka , Miyanooto Aya , Yamamoto Reina , Yamauchi Kosuke , Homma Kazuaki , Takahashi Masanori P. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is a rare genetic disease associated with mutations in CACNA1S or SCN4A encoding the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel Cav1.1 or the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.4, respectively. Most HypoPP-associated missense changes occur at the arginine residues within the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of these channels. It is established that such mutations destroy the hydrophobic seal that separates external fluid and the internal cytosolic crevices, resulting in the generation of aberrant leak currents called gating pore currents. Presently, the gating pore currents are thought to underlie HypoPP. Here, based on HEK293T cells and by using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system, we generated HypoPP-model cell lines that co-express the mouse inward-rectifier K+ channel (mKir2.1) and HypoPP2-associated Nav1.4 channel. Whole-cell patch-clamp measurements confirmed that mKir2.1 successfully hyperpolarizes the membrane potential to levels comparable to those of myofibers, and that some Nav1.4 variants induce notable proton-based gating pore currents. Importantly, we succeeded in fluorometrically measuring the gating pore currents in these variants by using a ratiometric pH indicator. Our optical method provides a potential in vitro platform for high-throughput drug screening, not only for HypoPP but also for other channelopathies caused by VSD mutations.
Transition from transperitoneal to retroperitoneal approach in laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy: team-based and individual learning curve: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wahyudi Irfan , Adriansyah Ilham Azka , Yonathan Kevin , Widia Fina , Hamid Agus Rizal A , Mochtar Chaidir Arif 
Published: May 2023

Background: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) is a standard practice for kidney donor transplantation due to fewer complications associated with the treatment. Retroperitoneal approach to LLDN is thought to be more advantageous in preventing injuries to various abdominal organs. However, the transition process from transperitoneal to retroperitoneal LLDN is important to ensure the best outcome for the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the learning curve for retroperitoneal approach in LLDN among urologists in an individual and team-based approach Methods: A retrospective analysis of retroperitoneal LLDN was performed on procedures performed by a kidney donor team consisting of four urologists from January 2019 to January 2022 at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Indonesia. The data were taken from pre-existing medical records. The learning curve for the operation time, warm ischemic time, and estimated blood loss was analyzed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. Phase 1 represents the initial learning curve, the phase 2 plateau represents the period of proficiency, while phase 3 represents the mastery period. Results: A total of 127 retroperitoneal LLDN procedures were done during the study period by four operators with various experience. The average procedure needed to achieve proficiency was 16.5 procedures. Meanwhile, the average procedure needed to achieve mastery was 28 procedures. Shorter learning curve was achieved by operators with more experience in other laparoscopic procedures. Conclusions: The learning curve for transition from transperitoneal to retroperitoneal approach to LLDN is relatively short and feasible for both individuals and teams of urologists. Therefore, transition to retroperitoneal approach is a feasible option to reduce the complication rate of LLDN.
Advancing posaconazole quantification analysis with a new reverse-phase HPLC method in its bulk and marketed dosage form
Authors: Rama Annamalai , Govindan Induja , Hebbar Srinivas , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Rani Usha , Naha Anup 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Posaconazole is a widely used antifungal drug, and its accurate quantification is essential for quality control and assessment of its pharmaceutical products. This study aimed to develop and validate a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for quantifying Posaconazole in bulk and dosage form. Methods: The HPLC method was developed and validated based on International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was then applied to quantify Posaconazole in a marketed tablet formulation. The method's specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and stability were evaluated. Results: The developed HPLC method showed good linearity over a 2-20 μg/mL concentration range. The percentage recovery of Posaconazole from the bulk and marketed formulations was found to be 99.01% and 99.05%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 1%, and the method was stable under different conditions. The HPLC method was successfully applied to quantify Posaconazole in the marketed formulation. Conclusion: The developed and validated HPLC method is reliable and efficient for analyzing Posaconazole in bulk and dosage forms. The method's accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, robustness, and stability demonstrate its effectiveness. The method can be used for the quality control and assessment of Posaconazole-containing pharmaceutical products.
Visual diagnosis of female genital schistosomiasis in Zambian women from hand-held colposcopy: agreement of expert image review and association with clinical symptoms
Authors: Sturt Amy , Bristowe Henrietta , Webb Emily , Hansingo Isaiah , Phiri Comfort , Mudenda Maina , Mapani Joyce , Mweene Tobias , Levecke Bruno , Cools Piet , van Dam Govert , Corstjens Paul , Ayles Helen , Hayes Richard , Francis Suzanna , van Lieshout Lisette , Vwalika Bellington , Kjetland Eyrun , Bustinduy Amaya 
Published: May 2023

Background: Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) can occur in S. haematobium infection and is caused by egg deposition in the genital tract. Confirming a diagnosis of FGS is challenging due to the lack of a diagnostic reference standard. A 2010 expert-led consensus meeting proposed visual inspection of the cervicovaginal mucosa as an adequate reference standard for FGS diagnosis. The agreement of expert human reviewers for visual-FGS has not been previously described. Methods: In two Zambian communities, non-menstruating, non-pregnant, sexually-active women aged 18-31 years participating in the HPTN 071 (PopART) Population-Cohort were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Self-collected genital swabs and a urine specimen were collected at a home visit; trained midwives performed cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) and hand-held colposcopy at a clinic visit. S. haematobium eggs and circulating anodic antigen (CAA) were detected from urine. Two senior physicians served as expert reviewers and independently diagnosed visual-FGS as the presence of sandy patches, rubbery papules or abnormal blood vessels in cervicovaginal images obtained by hand-held colposcopy. PCR-FGS was defined as Schistosoma DNA detected by real-time PCR in any genital specimen (CVL or genital swab). Results: Of 527 women with cervicovaginal colposcopic images, 468/527 (88.8%) were deemed interpretable by Reviewer 1 and 417/527 (79.1%) by Reviewer 2. Visual-FGS was detected in 35.3% (165/468) of participants by expert review of colposcopic images by Reviewer 1 and in 63.6% (265/417) by Reviewer 2. Cohen’s kappa statistic for agreement between the two reviewers was 0.16, corresponding to "slight" agreement. The reviewers made concordant diagnoses in 38.7% (204/527) participants (100 negative, 104 positive) and discordant diagnoses in 31.8% (168/527) participants. Conclusions: The unexpectedly low level of correlation between expert reviewers highlights the imperfect nature of visual diagnosis for FGS based on cervicovaginal images. This finding is a call to action for improved point-of-care diagnostics for female genital schistosomiasis.
Shedding Light on the Dark: The Impact of Legal Enforcement on Darknet Transactions
Authors: Chan Jason , He Shu , Qiao Dandan , Whinston Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Practice and Policy-Oriented Abstract Law enforcement bodies have largely responded to the increase in darknet activities through site shutdowns, which involve significant investment of policing resources. Despite these efforts, new darknet sites continue to show up after the site takedowns. We offer a new look at this issue by assessing the viability of selectively targeting large drug vendors operating on darknet sites. We find that the arrest of a major drug vendor reduced subsequent transaction levels by 39% and the number of remaining vendors by 56% on Silk Road 2.0. This deterrent effect also spilled over to drug vendors located in countries beyond the prosecutorial jurisdiction of the arrested vendor. We further find that small darknet drug vendors were most deterred by the arrest and vendors selling dangerous drugs were relatively more deterred. Our study findings hold policy-relevant implications to government agencies and law enforcement. Whereas site shutdowns can disrupt these markets momentarily, the selective targeting of large-scale drug vendors should be given serious consideration and used to a broader extent. The design of future enforcement strategies should also account for the finding that darknet markets are made up of both small-scale drug dealers new to the drug trade and large-scale drug syndicates.
Introducing Prescriptive and Predictive Analytics to MBA Students with Microsoft Excel
Authors: Diamant Adam 
Published: May 2023

Managers are increasingly being tasked with overseeing data-driven projects that incorporate prescriptive and predictive models. Furthermore, basic knowledge of the data analytics pipeline is a fundamental requirement in many modern organizations. Given the central importance of analytics in today’s business environment, there is a growing demand for educational pedagogies that give students the opportunity to learn the fundamentals while also familiarizing them with how such tools are applied. However, a tension exists between the introduction of real-world problems that students can analyze and extract insight from and the need for prerequisite knowledge of mathematical concepts and programming languages such as Python/R. As a consequence, this paper describes an application-focused course that uses Microsoft Excel and mathematical programming to introduce MBA students with nontechnical backgrounds to tools from both prescriptive and predictive analytics. While students’ gain proficiency in managing data and creating optimization and machine learning models, they are also exposed to broader business concepts. Teaching evaluations indicate that the course has helped students further develop their practical skills in Microsoft Excel, gain an appreciation of the real-world impact of data analytics, and has introduced them to a discipline they originally believed was best suited for more technically focused professionals.Supplemental Material: Supplemental materials are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2023.0286 .