bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social participation and incident disability and mortality among frail older adults: A JAGES longitudinal study
Authors: Abe Noriyuki , Ide Kazushige , Watanabe Ryota , Hayashi Takahiro , Iizuka Genmei , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is the highest risk factor for incident disability and mortality. Social participation is a modifiable factor for reducing adverse outcomes among independent older adults. However, the association between social participation and incident disability and mortality among frail older adults remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the association between various social activities and incident disability and mortality.MethodsThis nationwide prospective cohort study (The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study) recruited older adults with frailty, aged 65 years and older (N = 9090) who were followed up for 6 years (2010–2016). We examined incident disability and all‐cause mortality at the end of the follow‐up period. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. The independent variable was social participation in 2010, grouped into the following seven categories: hobby groups, sports groups or clubs, volunteer groups, senior citizens' clubs, industries, neighborhood communities, and paid work.ResultsThe incidence of disability among participants was 19.5% (1770) and that of mortality was 19.2% (1753). Belonging to sports groups or clubs (Hazard Ratios [HR] = 0.74; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.98) or hobby groups (HR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.98) was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident disability. Meanwhile, hobby groups (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), sports groups or clubs (HR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.88), volunteer groups (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.88), and senior citizens' club (HR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.61, 0.90) were associated with lower risk of incident mortality.ConclusionsSocial participation was associated with a lower risk of incident disability and mortality, not only in healthy older adults but also in frail older adults who are at higher risk of incident disability and mortality. This suggests that frail older adults should be encouraged to participate in all the seven types of social participation examined in this study, as this may lower the risk of subsequent disability and mortality.
Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in current and recurrent periodontitis: A human study
Authors: Pellegrini Gaia , Carmagnola Daniela , Toma Marilisa , Rasperini Giulio , Orioli Marica , Dellavia Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to assess if the endocannabinoid system is involved differently in patients with recurrent and non‐recurrent periodontal disease and if in sites that have a predisposition for reactivation, levels of anandamide (AEA) change after periodontal therapy.BackgroundPeriodontal disease (PD) may be due to a dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system.MethodsPeriodontal patients were recruited, treated for PD and monitored. Gingival samples from these patients with recurrent (n = 10) and non‐recurrent (n = 10) periodontal disease were harvested before and after treatment and compared to those of periodontally healthy (n = 10) subjects. Levels of CB1 and CB2, AEA and CBs receptor activation were assessed in healthy and inflamed samples using immunohistochemistry, chromatography and autoradiography. In healed sites, AEA levels were also assessed.ResultsThe number of CBs in inflamed sites of recurrent patients was significantly higher than in those with non‐recurrent disease and also higher than those in healthy subjects. Inflamed sites of recurrent patients had significantly lower CBs receptor activation than those of healthy subjects. Levels of AEA in inflamed sites of non‐recurrent patients were significantly higher than those found both in inflamed recurrent sites and in healthy sites. Otherwise, the amount of AEA in healthy subjects and recurrent inflamed sites was similar. After periodontal therapy, levels of AEA were significantly lower in both periodontal groups. In recurrent sites, they resulted significantly lower than in non‐recurrent and even in healthy subjects.ConclusionsThe endocannabinoid system seems involved differently in subjects with recurrent and non‐recurrent periodontal disease.
Clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, treatment protocols and outcomes of dogs diagnosed with tick‐borne diseases living in the United Kingdom: 76 cases (2005‐2019)
Authors: Silvestrini P. , Lloyd‐Bradley B. , Glanemann B. , Barker E. N. , Badham H. , Tappin S. , Pascual M. , Haines A. , Mas A. , Roura X. , Piviani M. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo report the presence of tick‐borne diseases in dogs living in the United Kingdom.Materials and MethodsDogs with a final diagnosis of tick‐borne diseases made between January 2005 and August 2019 at seven referral institutions in the United Kingdom were included in the study.ResultsSeventy‐six dogs were included: 25 were diagnosed with ehrlichiosis, 23 with babesiosis, eight with Lyme borreliosis and six with anaplasmosis. Fourteen dogs had co‐infections with two or three pathogens. Except for those dogs with anaplasmosis and Lyme borreliosis, most dogs with tick‐borne diseases had a history of travel to or from endemic countries. However, three dogs with ehrlichiosis, and one dog each infected with Babesia canis and Babesia vulpes did not have any history of travel. A variety of non‐specific clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities were reported. Targeted treatment was successful at achieving clinical remission in 64 (84%) dogs.Clinical SignificanceEven in non‐endemic areas, veterinary surgeons should consider tick‐borne diseases in dogs with compatible clinical presentation and laboratory findings and especially where there is a history of travel. As autochthonous transmission of tick‐borne‐pathogens does occur, an absence of travel should not rule out tick‐borne diseases. Specific diagnostic testing is required to confirm infection, and this enables prompt targeted treatment and often a positive outcome.
Virtual modeling of asphalt mixture beam using density and distributional controls of aggregate contact
Authors: Jin Can , Wang Shuliang , Liu Pengfei , Yang Xu , Oeser Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe characteristic indicators of aggregate contacts in asphalt mixtures, including the number, orientation, and area of contact regions, significantly affect skeleton morphology and mixture stability. To investigate the influence of indicators on mixture stability, structures with diverse characteristics of aggregate contacts are required. This study proposes an algorithm for the virtual modeling of asphalt mixture beams, which supports the density and distributional controls of aggregate contacts in the microstructure. The methodology comprises three main steps: (1) three‐dimensional models of coarse aggregates conforming to the predefined gradation and volumetric content are randomly selected from a digital library of realistic aggregates, (2) contact relations of aggregates are established during the adaptive arrangement of aggregates in samples with prescribed control parameters of aggregate contact using self‐developed codes, and (3) air voids are randomly scattered in the sample without overlapping aggregates according to the volumetric content of the air voids, and an asphalt mortar model is then constructed using Boolean operations. Four beam samples with different contact characteristics were obtained using the proposed method to conduct simulations of three‐point bending tests. The number and spatial distribution of aggregate contacts in beam models are consistent with the prescribed parameters, showing the reliability of the proposed method for the control of aggregate contact in asphalt mixtures. A comprehensive comparison of the results of the laboratory test and simulations validates the ability of the digital beam to capture the macroscale response of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that the sample with the greatest number and distribution uniformity of aggregate contacts has the largest peak strength and fracture energy, which is beneficial for the understanding of the relationship between the indicators of aggregate contacts and the rutting and fatigue resistance of mixtures.
Proceedings of a roundtable event ‘Workplace Diet and Health – priorities for researchers and practitioners’
Authors: Gibson Rachel , Lewis Jo , Hilberink Annewies , Philippou Elena , Wilson Dona , Theobald Hannah E. , Sum Kiu , David Deborah , Alawfi Jumanah S. , Roper Holly J. , Makinwa Fiyin , Lessons Greg , Clark Alison , Maynard Natasha , Viner Laura , Hall Wendy L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how the work environment impacts health behaviours is essential to a life course approach in public health nutrition. A roundtable event ‘Workplace Diet and Health – priorities for researchers and practitioners’ was held by the Nutrition Society in October 2022. The overarching aims of the roundtable event were to consider (i) the relevance of nutritional wellbeing for employers and organisations, (ii) the research priorities for workplace diet and health and (iii) how researchers and practitioners can work with stakeholders in the development and testing of workplace diet and health interventions and nutritional education. Participants represented a range of stakeholders including dietetic and nutrition professionals working in workplace health, academics and science communication with an interest in workplace diet and health, non‐governmental organisations and providers of workplace nutritional health and wellbeing programmes. All roundtable participants agreed that good nutrition and access to healthy food at work was part of corporate responsibility comparable to that of health and safety provision. It was recognised that nutritional wellbeing was not seen as a priority by many companies due to the complexity and wide range of employee health and wellbeing options available and the perceived lack of clear financial benefit. Three priority areas were identified and agreed upon by roundtable participants: (1) strengthening the evidence base to demonstrate the tangible benefit of nutritional wellbeing interventions in the workplace, (2) creating a knowledge exchange hub to share best practices and experiences of working across sectors and (3) expand stakeholder engagement in workplace nutritional wellbeing.
Real‐time threat assessment based on hidden Markov models
Authors: Theodosiadou Ourania , Chatzakou Despoina , Tsikrika Theodora , Vrochidis Stefanos , Kompatsiaris Ioannis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn essential factor toward ensuring the security of individuals and critical infrastructures is the timely detection of potentially threatening situations. To this end, especially in the law enforcement context, the availability of effective and efficient threat assessment mechanisms for identifying and eventually preventing crime‐ and terrorism‐related threatening situations is of utmost importance. Toward this direction, this work proposes a hidden Markov model‐based threat assessment framework for effectively and efficiently assessing threats in specific situations, such as public events. Specifically, a probabilistic approach is adopted to estimate the threat level of a situation at each point in time. The proposed approach also permits the reflection of the dynamic evolution of a threat over time by considering that the estimation of the threat level at a given time is affected by past observations. This estimation of the dynamic evolution of the threat is very useful, since it can support the decisions by security personnel regarding the taking of precautionary measures in case the threat level seems to adopt an upward trajectory, even before it reaches the highest level. In addition, its probabilistic basis allows for taking into account noisy data. The applicability of the proposed framework is showcased in a use case that focuses on the identification of potential threats in public events on the basis of evidence obtained from the automatic visual analysis of the footage of surveillance cameras.
Price dispersion and the stability of trade*
Authors: Oglend Atle , Asche Frank , Mezzalira Pincinato Ruth Beatriz , Straume Hans‐Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch on trade relationships has documented a high rate of relationship breakup and churning. We use data on Norwegian exports to document two stylized facts about the stability of trade relationships. First, the probability of relationship breakup increases in the deviation of the relationship‐specific price from a reference price. Second, relationship hazards follow Zipf's law. We propose a search model with limited information and search frictions to explain these facts. Reference prices provide information on outside trade options that inform optimal breakups, leading to the first stylized fact. Strong heterogeneity in breakup frictions across relationships can explain the Zipf's law hazards.
Vellus hair condition is related to dermal elasticity and facial sagging severity
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSagging of facial skin is a critical factor associated with an aged appearance. However, the mechanism of sagging has not been fully elucidated. The facial skin contains vellus hair (fine hair), but the contribution of vellus hair to skin condition and facial aging has yet to be studied.AimWe aimed to clarify the influence of vellus hair on the physical properties and sagging severity of facial skin by establishing an evaluation system for vellus hair condition.MethodPhotographs were taken to assess the vellus hair condition in the cheek area in 30 middle‐aged female volunteers. Skin elasticity was measured with a cutometer and sagging severity was evaluated by using previously established photograph‐based grading criteria.ResultsFacial skin vellus hairs were divided into three types: fine, thick, and normal thickness. Based on this observation, we established a 6‐grade photograph‐based grading system based on the dominant type of vellus hair in the target area and used it to evaluate vellus hair condition at the cheek. We found that vellus hair condition is significantly positively related to skin elasticity parameters Ua/Uf (representing overall elasticity including creep and creep recovery), Ur/Ue (representing net elasticity without viscoelastic creep), and Ur/Uf (ratio of elastic recovery to total deformation). Further, vellus hair condition was significantly negatively correlated to sagging severity.ConclusionOur results suggest that vellus hair condition positively contributes to the skin's physical properties, and consequently deterioration of the vellus hair condition promotes an aged facial appearance.
Genomic analysis of Bornean geckos (Gekkonidae:Cyrtodactylus) reveals need for updated taxonomy
Authors: Davis Hayden R. , Nashriq Izneil , Woytek Kyra S. , Wikramanayake Shanelle A. , Bauer Aaron M. , Karin Benjamin R. , Brennan Ian G. , Iskandar Djoko T. , Das Indraneil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing molecular genetic data, recognised diversity within the gecko genusCyrtodactylushas more than doubled, with many lineages that were once thought to be wide‐ranging being delimited into multiple independent species. On the Southeast Asian island of Borneo, there has been a recent renewed focus on reptile taxonomy, as genetic data have demonstrated a high amount of unrecognised biodiversity. We herein advance this taxonomic trend by delimiting three distinct species within theCyrtodactylus consobrinusspecies complex:C. consobrinus, C. kapitensissp. n., andC. hutansp. n. To do so, we use a combination of ddRADseq and single‐locus data, and morphological data. Using genomic data, we test species and population boundaries within theconsobrinusspecies complex and show minimal population structure but high species‐level diversity. Despite not finding uniquely diagnostic morphological characters to delimit the new species, we suggest a combination of characters that can be used to identify each lineage. Lastly, we use our data to comment on the status ofC. malayanus, with indications that this lineage is also better considered a species complex. These data highlight the prevalence of unrecognised lineages on Borneo, many of which face threats due to increasing deforestation and other anthropogenic pressures.
Advance care planning experiences of patients with heart failure and their families: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Higashitsuji Asahiko , Sano Motohiro , Majima Tomoko 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This review aims to synthesize advance care planning experiences of patients with heart failure at stage C or D, and the experiences of their families.

Introduction:
The high incidence rates worldwide and the health burdens associated with heart failure indicate a need to implement end-of-life care for people with cardiovascular disease. Advance care planning is a core process in effective end-of-life cardiovascular care. Since the trajectory of heart failure is unique, it is necessary to establish patient-specific interventions focusing on their experiences, and develop effective advance care planning interventions. However, no previously published systematic reviews have integrated knowledge of the patient’s or the family’s experience. Therefore, more comprehensive analyses of the experiences of patients with heart failure and their families are required to conduct better interventions.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider qualitative studies on the experiences of adult patients with stage C or D heart failure who participated in advance care planning, and the experiences of their families. Studies conducted in all settings that accommodate patients with heart failure will be considered.

Methods:
PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, and gray literature will be searched for articles that meet the inclusion criteria. Studies published in English from the inception of the database to the present will be considered. Eligible studies will be critically appraised using standardized JBI tools for qualitative synthesis. The findings will be pooled using a meta-aggregation approach. The final synthesized findings will be assessed according to the ConQual approach to establish confidence in qualitative research synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021229096
Prototyping Strategies to Engage Stakeholders During Early Stages of Design: A Study Across Three Design Domains
Authors: Rodríguez-Calero Ilka , Daly Shanna R. , Burleson Grace , Sienko Kathleen H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Using prototypes to engage stakeholders during front-end design activities is crucial for successful design outcomes. Compared to prototyping that is used for iterative refinement during back-end engineering design activities, prototyping that informs problem definition, requirements and specifications development, concept generation, and other front-end design activities is understudied. To identify patterns in prototyping strategies for engaging stakeholders during the design front end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 design practitioners across three product design domains: automotive, consumer products, and medical devices. Seventeen strategies evident across the collection of practitioners were used in generally consistent ways, with some variation based on context, e.g., project scope, stakeholders engaged, and the stakeholder interaction situation. Twelve of those 17 strategies were used by industry practitioners across the three domains, and five of those 17 strategies were used by practitioners from the medical device domain and either the automotive or consumer products domain. The descriptions and in-context examples of prototyping strategies used to engage stakeholders during front-end design can guide the design strategies of both experienced and novice designers.
Antiseizure medication at discharge in infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: an observational study
Authors: Sewell Elizabeth K , Shankaran Seetha , McDonald Scott A , Hamrick Shannon , Wusthoff Courtney J , Adams-Chapman Ira , Chalak Lina F , Davis Alexis S , Van Meurs Krisa , Das Abhik , Maitre Nathalie , Laptook Abbott , Patel Ravi Mangal 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesTo assess variability in continuation of antiseizure medication (ASM) at discharge and to evaluate if continuation of ASM at discharge is associated with death or disability among infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and seizures.DesignRetrospective study of infants enrolled in three National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Trials of therapeutic hypothermia.Setting22 US centres.PatientsInfants with HIE who survived to discharge and had clinical or electrographic seizures treated with ASM.ExposuresASM continued or discontinued at discharge.OutcomesDeath or moderate-to-severe disability at 18–22 months, using trial definitions. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association between continuation of ASM at discharge and the primary outcome, adjusting for severity of HIE, hypothermia trial treatment arm, use of electroencephalogram, discharge on gavage feeds, Apgar Score at 5 min, birth year and centre.ResultsOf 302 infants included, 61% were continued on ASMs at discharge (range 13%–100% among 22 centres). Electroencephalogram use occurred in 92% of the cohort. Infants with severe HIE comprised 24% and 22% of those discharged with and without ASM, respectively. The risk of death or moderate-to-severe disability was greater for infants continued on ASM at discharge, compared with those infants discharged without ASM (44% vs 28%, adjusted OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.13 to 4.05).ConclusionsIn infants with HIE and seizures, continuation of ASM at discharge varies substantially among centres and may be associated with a higher risk of death or disability at 18–22 months of age.