bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron overload facilitates neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain damage via SLC7A11‐mediated ferroptosis
Authors: Tan Xuying , Zhang Ting , Ding Xuejiao , Zhao Xiaopeng , Liu Qianjun , Xia Zhenglong , Cao Qihua , Yan Feng , Chen Li , Zhu Mingwei , Tang Yaping , Song Yanyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxidative damage and cell death are involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Ferroptosis is a newly identified mode of cell death that results from the oxidative damage induced by excessive iron. In HIBD, iron accumulates in brain tissues due to the massive destruction of red blood cells and increased permeability of the blood brain barrier vasculature, which can trigger ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is implicated in various diseases involving neuronal injury; however, the roles of iron and ferroptosis in HIBD have not been identified. In the present study, we investigated the role of iron overload in neuronal ferroptosis both in HIBD rat models and in oxygen‐ and glucose‐deprived (OGD) SH‐SY5Y cells. We observed that iron deposition in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased in HIBD rats. Features of ferroptosis such as shrunken mitochondria, increased MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, and reduced solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression were observed in the cerebral cortex of HIBD rats. Administration of an iron chelator in HIBD rats upregulated SLC7A11 expression and alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in cerebral cortex tissue. Additionally, overexpression of SLC7A11 in SH‐SY5Y cells increased cell viability and attenuated OGD‐induced ferroptosis. Our results demonstrate that iron overload induces neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting SLC7A11 expression in HIBD. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis may be a promising strategy to alleviate brain damage in HIBD.
Glacier decay boosts the formation of new Arctic coastal environments—Perspectives from Svalbard
Authors: Kavan Jan , Strzelecki Mateusz C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe consequences of accelerating climatic warming on Arctic landscape evolution are far‐reaching. In Svalbard, glaciers are rapidly retreating after the Little Ice Age, which leads to exposing new coastal landscapes from marine‐terminating glaciers. Precise quantification of these changes was limited until the complete dataset of Svalbard glacier outlines from 1930's was made available. Here, we analyse the new Svalbard glacier change inventory data and demonstrate that glacier retreat led to a major shift from marine‐terminating towards land‐based glaciers in the last century. This retreat also led to the formation of 922.9 km of new coastline since 1930's creating pristine landscapes governed by paraglacial processes and sediment‐rich nearshore fjord environments. Recent palaeogeographical reconstructions suggest that such a mode of coastal evolution was dominant over the extended periods of the Holocene. Transitions from marine‐terminating to land‐based glaciers have significant implications for fjord circulation, biological production, the state of marine ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles between land and seas and the CO2 budget in coastal waters.
Exploring nationwide policy interventions to control COVID‐19 from the perspective of the rapid learning health system approach
Authors: Ahmadi Ayat , Doshmangir Leila , Majdzadeh Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe health systems needed to improve their learning capacities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Iran is one of the countries massively struck by the pandemic. This study aimed to explore whether and how the policy interventions made by Iran's policymakers at the national level to control COVID‐19, could improve the rapid learning characteristics of the health system.MethodsA guide to clarify rapid learning health system (RLHS) characteristics was developed. The guide was used by two independent authors to select the policy interventions that could improve RLHS characteristics, then, to analyze the content of the selected policy interventions. In each stage, results were compared and discussed by all three authors. Final results were presented based on different RLHS characteristics and the potential mechanisms of contribution.ResultsFive hundred policy interventions were developed during the first 7 months of the outbreak. Thirty‐one policy interventions could potentially improve RLHS characteristics (6.2%). Two characteristics, such as the timely production of research evidence and the appropriate decision support were addressed by selected policy interventions. Policies, that could improve learning capacities, focused on decision‐maker groups more than user groups or researcher groups.ConclusionsMost of the developed policy interventions during the first months of the epidemic did not address the learning capacities of the health system. To improve health system functions, improving RLHS characteristics of the health system, especially in patient‐centered and data linkage characteristics, is recommended.
Measurement and utilization of the proteomic reactivity by mass spectrometry
Authors: Punzalan Clodette , Wang Lei , Bajrami Bekim , Yao Xudong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChemical proteomics, which involves studying the covalent modifications of proteins by small molecules, has significantly contributed to our understanding of protein function and has become an essential tool in drug discovery. Mass spectrometry (MS) is the primary method for identifying and quantifying protein‐small molecule adducts. In this review, we discuss various methods for measuring proteomic reactivity using MS and covalent proteomics probes that engage through reactivity‐driven and proximity‐driven mechanisms. We highlight the applications of these methods and probes in live‐cell measurements, drug target identification and validation, and characterizing protein‐small molecule interactions. We conclude the review with current developments and future opportunities in the field, providing our perspectives on analytical considerations for MS‐based analysis of the proteomic reactivity landscape.
Government's green grip: Does industrial policy improve firm environmental performance?
Authors: Bu Wenchao , Ren Siyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNational industrial policy is a common means for the government to regulate economic activities, and its effect on the environmental performance of enterprises is controversial. Based on the encouraged industries in China's “Five‐Year Plan,” the impact and micro‐influence mechanism of industrial policies on SO2 emission of enterprises are systematically analyzed. The results indicate that industrial policy can significantly reduce the SO2 emission in encouraged industries, and the conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. This emission reduction effect is greater for the state‐owned firm, high R&D intensity firm, and high‐pollution firm. Compared with the firms in general encouraged industry, industrial policy has a greater impact on the SO2 emissions of firms in the key encouraged industries. The industrial policy promotes the resources transfer from high‐polluting companies to low‐polluting companies, reducing the market share of high‐pollution firms. Additionally, it reduces pollution emissions through front‐end pollution control (clean energy substitution and technological innovation). The conclusions of this study provide theoretical support for appropriate government policy intervention and have important practical significance for China's green sustainable development.
Motion correction for separate mandibular and cranial movements in cone beam CT reconstructions
Authors: Birklein Lukas , Niebler Stefan , Schömer Elmar , Brylka Robert , Schwanecke Ulrich , Schulze Ralf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient motions are a repeatedly reported phenomenon in oral and maxillofacial cone beam CT scans, leading to reconstructions of limited usability. In certain cases, independent movements of the mandible induce unpredictable motion patterns. Previous motion correction methods are not able to handle such complex cases of patient movements.PurposeOur goal was to design a combined motion estimation and motion correction approach for separate cranial and mandibular motions, solely based on the 2D projection images from a single scan.MethodsOur iterative three‐step motion correction algorithm models the two articulated motions as independent rigid motions. First of all, we segment cranium and mandible in the projection images using a deep neural network. Next, we compute a 3D reconstruction with the poses of the object's trajectories fixed. Third, we improve all poses by minimizing the projection error while keeping the reconstruction fixed. Step two and three are repeated alternately.ResultsWe find that our marker‐free approach delivers reconstructions of up to 85% higher quality, with respect to the projection error, and can improve on already existing techniques, which model only a single rigid motion. We show results of both synthetic and real data created in different scenarios. The reconstruction of motion parameters in a real environment was evaluated on acquisitions of a skull mounted on a hexapod, creating a realistic, easily reproducible motion profile.ConclusionsThe proposed algorithm consistently enhances the visual quality of motion impaired cone beam computed tomography scans, thus eliminating the need for a re‐scan in certain cases, considerably lowering radiation dosage for the patient. It can flexibly be used with differently sized regions of interest and is even applicable to local tomography.
The simple shifted fracture method
Authors: Li Kangan , Rodríguez‐Ferran Antonio , Scovazzi Guglielmo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe propose a simplified version of the Shifted Fracture Method (SFM), which relies on an approximate fracture geometry representation combined with approximate interface conditions. In particular, we show that the complexities of earlier SFM implementations, associated with the use of a mixed variational formulation of the equilibrium equations, can be avoided. This approach has minimal impact on the overall accuracy of numerical computations but leads to considerable gains in performance. These outcomes can be justified because the proposed simplified SFM accurately accounts for the area of the fracture surface and prevents the severe mesh dependencies observed in classical cohesive zone models or node‐release/element‐deletion techniques. We also show that the proposed approach can be combined with a phase‐field model to more easily capture branching and merging of fractures.
Comparing the performance of demineralization agents (HCl and EDTA) for stable isotope analysis of bone collagen with implications for quality control criteria and collagen yield
Authors: Wilson Tess , Szpak Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStable isotope analysis of ancient bone collagen is a powerful technique for studying diet, migration, and ecology in archeological contexts. These analyses are, however, limited by collagen preservation and prohibitively low collagen yields. Harsh chemical demineralization is required to isolate the collagen from the mineral component of the bone, which in turn reduces the yield of material available for analysis. Demineralization is typically performed using hydrochloric acid (HCl), which reduces collagen yield via acid hydrolysis of peptide bonds. An alternative to a strong acid (HCl) treatment is the neutral chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). To our knowledge, it has never been empirically tested whether EDTA treatment reduces collagen loss relative to HCl in samples that are known to be poorly preserved (i.e., low yields and/or collagen extracts failing other collagen quality control [QC] criteria). We tested the effect of the demineralization agent on collagen yield, stable isotope, and elemental composition of poorly preserved ancient bone samples. Collagen yield was significantly higher in EDTA‐treated samples; however, this did not translate into a greater number of samples passing relevant quality control criteria. Stable isotope compositions (SIC) were also not significantly different between treatments. The atomic C:N ratio of samples treated with EDTA was significantly lower than equivalent samples treated with HCl, which is likely a product of increased deamidation of asparagine and glutamine residues when collagen is demineralized with HCl relative to EDTA. We conclude that although EDTA treatment may reduce collagen loss relative to HCl treatment, this does not necessarily increase the probability of producing reliable–stable isotope data from bone samples yielding low amounts of collagen. Based on our isotopic data, we suggest the following provisional collagen QC criteria for EDTA‐demineralized samples: collagen yield > 2%, wt% C > 4%, wt% N > 2%, and atomic C:N ratio between 2.80 and 3.25.
Comparing Open Versus Rigid Endoscopic and Flexible Endoscopic Techniques for the Treatment of Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Wallerius Katherine P. , Bowen Andrew J. , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Aden Aisha A. , Peraza Lazaro R. , Xie Katherine Z. , Richards Bradley A. , El‐Badaoui Joseph , Bayan Semirra L. , Wong Kee Song Louis M. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the outcomes of patients undergoing open stapler versus transoral rigid and flexible endoscopic therapies for symptomatic Zenker's diverticulum.Study DesignSingle institution retrospective review.SettingTertiary care academic hospital.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 424 consecutive patients who underwent Zenker's diverticulotomy via an open stapler, rigid endoscopic CO2 laser, rigid endoscopic stapler, rigid endoscopic harmonic scalpel, or flexible endoscopic technique from January 2006 to December 2020.ResultsA total of 424 patients (173 females, mean age 73.1 ± 11.2 years) from a single institution were included. A total of 142 patients (33%) underwent endoscopic laser treatment, 33 (8%) underwent endoscopic harmonic scalpel, 92 (22%) underwent endoscopic stapler, 70 (17%) underwent flexible endoscopic, and 87 (20%) underwent open stapler. All open and rigid endoscopic procedures and most of the flexible endoscopic procedures (65%) were performed under general anesthesia. The flexible endoscopic group had a higher percentage of procedure‐related perforation, defined as subcutaneous emphysema or contrast leak on imaging (14.3%). The recurrence rates were higher in the harmonic stapler, flexible endoscopic, and endoscopic stapler groups at 18.2%, 17.1%, and 17.4%, respectively, and lower in the open group (1.1%). Length of hospital stay and return to oral intake were similar among groups.ConclusionThe flexible endoscopic technique was associated with the highest rate of procedure‐related perforation, while the endoscopic stapler had the lowest number of procedural complications. Recurrence rates were higher among the harmonic stapler, flexible endoscopic, and endoscopic stapler groups and lower in the endoscopic laser and open groups. Prospective comparative studies with long‐term follow‐up are needed.
Hydrogen production in microwave discharge in water solutions of ethanol at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Batukaev Тimur S. , Bilera Igor V. , Krashevskaya Galina V. , Lebedev Yuri A. , Epstein Iren L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGas chromatography, optical emission spectroscope, high speed video camera were used to study the microwave discharge ignited near the end of the microwave antenna in aqueous solution of ethanol at different ethanol content and different incident microwave power. The pressure above the surface of liquid was close to atmospheric pressure. The main gas products were Н2, СО, С2Н2, СН4, С2Н4. H2 (≈60 vol%) and CO (≈30 vol%) are predominated. The composition of the reaction products in a microwave discharge is practically independent of incident power and ethanol content in the solution, but the total flow rate of gas products at the system output increases with an increase in the incident power and the ethanol content in solution. Best obtained characteristics of process of hydrogen production were: flow rate of hydrogen was of 3240 mL/min, concentration of hydrogen in gas mixture on the discharge outlet was of 59 vol%, maximum energy efficiency of hydrogen production was of 324 NL/kWh.
Synthesis and Characterization of CdS/CISe Quantum Dots with Core–Shell Structure
Authors: Du Qinghua , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jiapeng , Xie Xinjian , Liu Guodong , Chen Guifeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuantum dots have received great interest due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the surface defects of quantum dots affect the carrier transport and ultimately reduce the photovoltaic efficiency. In this paper, a core–shell quantum dot by hot‐injection method is prepared to grow a narrow‐band semiconductor layer (CuInSe2 (CISe) quantumdot) on the surface of a broad‐band core material (cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystal). The composition, structure, optical properties, and decay lifetime of CdS/CISe core–shells are investigated in more detail by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), UV–vis spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The CdS/CISe core–shell structure has a broadened absorption range and still shows CISe‐related quantum effects. The increased size of the core–shell and the smaller specific surface area of the CISe shell layer lead to a lower carrier complexation chance, which improves the carrier lifetime.
Natural products in crop protection: thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 3‐acetyl‐N‐benzylindoles as antifungal agents and their mechanism of action
Authors: Li Tianze , Lv Min , Wen Houpeng , Du Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Zhang Shaoyong , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhytopathogenic fungi can cause a direct loss in economic value of agriculture. Especially Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, a devastating phytopathogenic disease especially threatening global apple production, is very difficult to control and manage. To discover new potential antifungal agents, a series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 3‐acetyl‐N‐benzylindoles were prepared. Their antifungal activities were first tested against six typically phytopathogenic fungi including Curvularia lunata, Valsa mali, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. Then their mechanism of action against V. mali was investigated.ResultsDerivatives displayed potent antifungal activity against V. mali. Notably, 3‐acetyl‐N‐benzylindole thiosemicarbazone (IV‐1: EC50: 0.59 μg mL−1), whose activity was comparable to that of a commercial fungicide carbendazim (EC50: 0.33 μg mL−1), showed greater than 98‐fold antifungal activity of the precursor indole. Moreover, compound IV‐1 displayed good protective and therapeutic effects on apple Valsa canker disease. By scanning electron microscope (SEM) and RNA‐Seq analysis, it was demonstrated that compound IV‐1 can destroy the hyphal structure and regulate the homeostasis of metabolism of V. mali via the ergosterol biosynthesis and autophagy pathways.Conclusion3‐Acetyl‐N‐(un)substituted benzylindoles thiosemicarbazones (IV‐1–IV‐5) can be studied as leads for further structural modification as antifungal agents against V. mali. Particularly, these ergosterol biosynthesis and autophagy pathways can be used as target receptors for design of novel green pesticides for management of congeneric phytopathogenic fungi. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rodent‐borne viruses in the region of Middle East
Authors: AL‐Eitan Laith , Alnemri Malek , Alkhawaldeh Mishael , Mihyar Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRodents are one of the most abundant mammal species in the world. They form more than two‐fifth of all mammal species and there are approximately 4600 existing rodent species. Rodents are capable of transmitting deadly diseases, especially those that are caused by viruses. Viruses and their consequences have plagued the world for the last two centuries, three pandemics occurred during the last century only. The Middle East is situated at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, along with the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, its geographic importance is gained through the diversity of topographies, biosphere, as well as climate aspects that make the region vulnerable to host emerging diseases. Refugee crises also play a major role in expected epidemic outbreaks in the region. Public health has always been the most important priority, and our aim in this review is to raise awareness among public health organisations across the Middle East about the dangers of rodent borne diseases that have been reported or are suspected to be found in the region.
Dinitrogen Reduction Coupled with Methanol Oxidation for Low Overpotential Electrochemical NH3 Synthesis Over Cobalt Pyrophosphate as Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Gupta Divyani , Kafle Alankar , Nagaiah Tharamani C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemical dinitrogen (N2) reduction to ammonia (NH3) coupled with methanol electro‐oxidation is presented in the current work. Here, methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is proposed as an alternative anode reaction to oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to accomplish electrons‐induced reduction of N2 to NH3 at cathode and oxidation of methanol at anode in alkaline media thereby reducing the overall cell voltage for ammonia production. Cobalt pyrophosphate micro‐flowers assembled by nanosheets are synthesized via a surfactant‐assisted sonochemical approach. By virtue of structural and morphological advantages, the maximum Faradaic efficiency of 43.37% and NH3 yield rate of 159.6 µg h−1 mgca−1 is achieved at a potential of −0.2 V versus RHE. The proposed catalyst is shown to also exhibit a very high activity (100 mA mg−1 at 1.48 V), durability (2 h) and production of value‐added formic acid at anode (2.78 µmol h−1 mgcat−1 and F.E. of 59.2%). The overall NH3 synthesis is achieved at a reduced cell voltage of 1.6 V (200 mV less than NRR‐OER coupled NH3 synthesis) when OER at anode is replaced with MOR and a high NH3 yield rate of 95.2 µg h−1 mgcat−1 and HCOOH formation rate of 2.53 µmol h−1 mg−1 are witnessed under full‐cell conditions.
A cryptographic security framework for hybrid Cloud‐Internet of Things network
Authors: Farooq Sameer , Chawla Priyanka , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe most cutting‐edge innovation in recent times, cloud technology, changed the whole computer paradigm from less capable, specific, user‐isolated offline systems to potent multi‐server interactive systems. Despite being a huge benefit, controlling the security and accessibility of data stored in the cloud is a difficult task. Hence, this article presents a four‐phased security paradigm for securing data generated by internet of things (IoT) devices and transmitted to fog servers. In the article, we outline a comprehensive, cutting‐edge architecture for safeguarding and protecting the information that IoT devices produce and transmit to the cloud. The suggested architecture blends the advantages of an innovative mutual authentication algorithm, a novel key distribution algorithm, and a novel encryption hybrid algorithm for maximum effectiveness and increased security. The findings demonstrate that the suggested protocol outperforms previous techniques in terms of time and resource consumption and throughput. In contrast to previous protocols, the suggested approach reduces encrypting time by 28% and decryption time by about 32%, while the volume of encrypted messages produced stays consistent. There has also been a 28% increase in encryption throughput. Proposed work demonstrates minimal resource utilization, good performance and a higher level of security robustness.