bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Lyman Continuum during Solar Flares
Authors: McLaughlin Shaun A. , Milligan Ryan O. , Kerr Graham S. , Monson Aaron J. , Simões Paulo J. A. , Mathioudakis Mihalis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Lyman continuum (LyC; <911.12 Å) forms at the top of the chromosphere in the quiet Sun, making LyC a powerful tool for probing the chromospheric plasma during solar flares. To understand the effects of nonthermal energy deposition in the chromosphere during flares, we analyzed LyC profiles from a grid of field-aligned radiative-hydrodynamic models generated using the RADYN code as part of the F-CHROMA project. The spectral response of LyC, the temporal evolution of the departure coefficient of hydrogen, b
1, and the color temperature, T

c
, in response to a range of nonthermal electron distribution functions, were investigated. The LyC intensity was seen to increase by 4–5.5 orders of magnitude during solar flares, responding most strongly to the nonthermal electron flux of the beam. Generally, b
1 decreased from 102–103 to closer to unity during solar flares, indicating a stronger coupling to local conditions, while T

c
increased from 8–9 to 10–16 kK. T

c
was found to be approximately equal to the electron temperature of the plasma when b
1 was at a minimum. Both optically thick and optically thin components of LyC were found to be in agreement with the interpretation of recent observations. The optically thick layer forms deeper in the chromosphere during a flare compared to quiescent periods, whereas the optically thin layers form at higher altitudes due to chromospheric evaporation, in low-temperature, high-density regions propagating upward. We put these results in the context of current and future missions.
Magnetic Reconnection in the Wakes of Cosmic Strings
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Sanyal Soma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The motion of cosmic strings in the universe leads to the generation of wakes behind them. We study magnetized wakes of cosmic strings moving in the postrecombination plasma. We show that magnetic reconnection can occur in the postshock region. Since the width of the cosmic-string wake is very small, the reconnection occurs over a very short length scale. The reconnection leads to a large amount of kinetic energy being released in the postshock region of the cosmic-string wake. This enhances the kinetic energy released during the reconnection. We make a rudimentary estimate of the kinetic energy released by the magnetic reconnection in cosmic-string wakes and show that it can account for low-energy gamma-ray bursts in the postrecombination era.
Après un demi-siècle, l’économie informelle reste un concept heuristique et un ensemble flou
Authors: Charmes Jacques , Adair Philippe 
Published: February 2023

50 ans de recherche suggèrent que le concept d’économie informelle constitue un ensemble flou. Les diverses théories, dualisme, structuralisme et institutionnalisme n’identifient pas les mêmes causes de l’informalité, ni les mêmes mécanismes d’ajustement sur les marchés. La définition toujours plus large de l’économie informelle, cependant distincte de l’économie non-observée, demeure tributaire de la genèse de ses différentes mesures : unité de production ou emploi ? Les trends et les cycles relatifs à l’économie informelle permettent d’établir des faits stylisés. Les enjeux et les résultats de la formalisation de l’économie informelle sont illustrés par le cas l’Afrique du Nord. Classification JEL : E26, J46, O17
La microfinance dans la revue Mondes en développement depuis 50 ans
Authors: Lelart Michel 
Published: February 2023

La Revue Mondes en développement a d’abord traité de la finance informelle qui est pratiquée, en Afrique surtout, depuis longtemps. La microfinance a fait ensuite l’objet de plusieurs dossiers thématiques et de quelques articles varia . L’article en fait la synthèse en distinguant l’impact de la microfinance sur la pauvreté, les conditions de sa pérennité, enfin, les relations entre les institutions de microfinance et les banques. Classification JEL : 016, 017
Les expérimentations à l’épreuve du temps : consécration et controverse
Authors: Bédécarrats Florent , Guérin Isabelle , Roubaud François 
Published: February 2023

Depuis deux décennies, les débats académiques vont croissant quant à la validité et à l’utilité des évaluations par assignation aléatoire dans le champ du développement. Cet article s’appuie notamment sur la parution récente par les auteurs d’un ouvrage de synthèse croisant les analyses des principaux protagonistes de cette controverse scientifique. Il souligne les principales lignes de force qui partagent tenants et détracteurs de la méthode expérimentale : divergences épistémologiques et méthodologiques, mais aussi sur la signification même du développement et la responsabilité éthique des chercheurs à l’égard des personnes qu’ils étudient. Classification JEL : A14, D04, C83, C93, O10
Quelle économie écologique pour les Suds ?
Authors: Froger Géraldine 
Published: February 2023

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier l’économie écologique avec ses diverses tendances. Dans ce cadre, le focus est mis sur la « socio-économie écologique » qui entend s’appuyer sur une économie politique et institutionnelle hétérodoxe en soutenabilité forte. Il s’agit également de montrer les apports de la « socio-économie écologique » quant à l’analyse d’un dispositif contemporain de politique environnementale que sont les « paiements pour services environnementaux » (PSE) dans les pays des Suds. Classification JEL : Q01, Q28, Q57, Q58, O1, B5
Travail du politique et reproduction sociale des familles, de l’État et du capitalisme
Authors: Guérin Isabelle , Haritas Kaveri , Karunakaran Kalpana 
Published: February 2023

Cet article propose le concept de « travail du politique » pour rendre compte du rôle actif et quotidien de nombreuses femmes de milieux populaires dans la redevabilité de l’État. Le travail du politique apparait comme une forme spécifique de travail non rémunéré, invisibilisé et féminisé car considéré comme une extension du travail domestique. Il joue pourtant un rôle majeur dans la reproduction sociale des familles, de l’État et du capitalisme et des inégalités sociales qui en forment la trame. L’article se base sur l’Inde, tout en élargissant en conclusion à d’autres contextes, suggérant que l’Inde n’est pas une exception. Classification JEL : B54, 018, P00, Z1
La négociation du télétravail : dynamique, variété et fragilité
Authors: Giotto Timo , Thoemmes Jens 
Published: February 2023

Cet article présente une recherche sur la négociation collective du télétravail lors de la pandémie de Covid-19. Sept études de cas avec 60 entretiens dans des entreprises de secteurs et tailles différenciées montrent la diversité de la mise en place du télétravail. Les principaux résultats indiquent une culture d’entreprise réfractaire au distanciel, une progression importante du thème dans chaque entreprise, des négociations difficiles sur l’arbitrage distanciel/présentiel. La négociation est tributaire de la variabilité des types d’entreprise. Les règles paraissent particulièrement fragiles. Elles sont adaptées en fonction de la situation sanitaire et des retours d’expérience. La négociation est permanente, décomposée en phases et ponctuée par des accords et avenants. Le thème du télétravail en pleine expansion amène des questions sur l’avenir de la négociation collective.
Exploring the overshadowed streams of the Red Cross Movement
Authors: Miyagawa Mayuka Tamura 
Published: February 2023

This ePaper explores the endeavours and motivations of the leading figures of the Japanese Red Cross Society, which forms the streams of the Red Cross Movement that get overshadowed in the Eurocentric narrative of its history. Using various primary sources from archives and studying the historical context of the time, the paper highlights how the main protagonists with similar backgrounds to the founders of the International Committee of the Red Cross proactively sought to establish and develop the movement both at the national and international level from 1867 to 1919. Moreover, a close examination of their backgrounds as well as their thoughts as expressed in their writings suggests that their motivations to engage in Red Cross work were multiple and in part, if not entirely, shaped by various needs to fulfil their own desire and sense of obligation. We extend our heartfelt thanks to the Vahabzadeh Foundation for financially supporting the publication of best works by young researchers of the Graduate Institute, giving a priority to those who have been awarded academic prizes for their master’s dissertations.
Enhancing religious education through emotional and spiritual intelligence
Authors: Andrei Olivia 
Published: February 2023

In the context of the changes and challenges of the 21st century, the main focus of education, especially religious education, is to prepare students to live purposeful and meaningful lives with well-developed analytic, emotional and spiritual abilities to assist them in achieving a life perspective that allows them to face the larger world with greater self-confidence and self-awareness. Therefore, the main objectives of the study are: to bring forward the concepts of religious education, emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence; to discuss the importance of emotional and spiritual literacy in children’s education; and to discuss the main strategies to enhance the educational process through emotional and spiritual intelligence. This article is a conceptual framework based on a theoretical review. The author reviews literature from books, scientific journals and research reports to develop relevant concepts.Contribution: This study provides information about two important intelligence in Christian Orthodox religious education. Recognising emotional and spiritual intelligence has allowed teachers to engage with students and help them perform at their best. Emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence promote self-efficacy, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills, which help students perform management tasks in their future occupations but also help them to improve relationships with parents, colleagues and God.
Use of Everolimus to treat cardiac rhabdomyomas and incessant arrhythmias in a newborn
Authors: Sagiv Eyal , Chikkabyrappa Sathish Mallenahalli , Conwell Jeffrey , Lewin Mark , Chun Terrence Un Hoong 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We report treating a term neonate with tuberous sclerosis and giant rhabdomyomas who presented with incessant supraventricular tachycardia with Everolimus. The treatment was efficient in reducing tumor size and assisted as an adjunct therapy in controlling arrhythmia and limiting preexcitation. Treatment was challenged by difficulty to achieve stable drug level and limited by neutropenia as a serious side effect.
Congenital long QT syndrome
Authors: Santi Aura Daniella , Restrepo Miguel 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in utero presents many challenges for clinicians, and there is high risk for intrauterine fetal demise as life-threatening arrhythmias develop secondary to QT prolongation. We describe a challenging case of a fetus presenting with sinus bradycardia and second-degree atrioventricular block with episodes of ventricular tachycardia. A prenatal diagnosis of LQTS was suspected given the fetal echocardiographic findings of a short ventricular relaxation time, due to extremely prolonged refractory period. The patient was delivered emergently due to Torsade's with hydrops, with ongoing arrhythmia despite medical management requiring implantation of pacemaker and sympathectomy. Early recognition of LQTS is important to optimize fetal survival with prompt medical management.
Acute effects of vasoactive medications in patients with parallel circulation awaiting hybrid or Norwood procedure
Authors: Hendon Emily , Kane Jennifer , Golem Gina M. , McBroom Amanda , Flores Saul , Wong Joshua , Villarreal Enrique G. , Loomba Rohit S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vasoactive medications are frequently used in the preoperative stage to balance the pulmonary and systemic blood flow. However, not much is known about the effects of these agents during this stage.

Aims:
The primary objective of this study was to characterize the acute effects of vasoactive medications in children with parallel circulation before either the hybrid or Norwood procedure.

Setting and Designs:
This is a single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study.

Methods:
Hemodynamic and systemic oxygen delivery data were captured from patients’ vital signs, arterial blood gases, near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring (NIRS). Data for each patient were collected before the initiation of a vasoactive medication and again 6 h after.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, and analysis of covariance.

Results:
A total of 139 patients were identified. After data extraction the following patients were included before the initial intervention: 7 were on milrinone, 22 were on dopamine, and 17 were on dobutamine. Dopamine and dobutamine were found to significantly increase systolic blood pressure. Only dopamine increased pH (mean difference 0.04), decreased paCO2 (mean difference -7.1), decreased lactate (mean difference -0.6 mmol/L), and decreased in bedside Qp: Qs (mean difference -7.5) after continuous infusion for 6 h. Milrinone was not associated with any significant hemodynamic change.

Conclusion:
In this study, dopamine was independently associated with improvement in markers of systemic oxygen delivery 6 h after initiation. Dobutamine and dopamine were associated with increased in blood pressure. Well-powered studies are required to detect changes in lactate and NIRS.
Correlation of Pain Score with Ulcer Size in Oral Aphthous Ulcers Using 2% Curcumin Gel and 0.1% Triamcinolone Oral Paste - A Parallel Comparison Study
Authors: Raman Praveena , Pitty H. Raghuram 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa causing interference with mastication and speech with significant impact on quality of life. The use of topical steroids remains the mainstay as the primary therapeutic approach and they are often considered to be the first choice of treatment. Turmeric has been used in the Indian traditional medicine for centuries. Its anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities are demonstrated by the rapid healing of the ulcers.

Aim:
The primary aim of this study was to assess and correlate pain score with ulcer size using topical curcumin 2% gel and triamcinolone acetonide oral paste 0.12% in recurrent minor oral aphthous ulcerations.

Methodology:
Following convenient sampling, 60 volunteered students with oral aphthous ulcers were included to take part in this single-blinded randomised study. Randomization was done by flip coin method. Group I received Topical Curcumin oral gel 2% and Group II received Topical Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%.

Statistical Analysis:
Qualitative data was expressed in percentage and quantitative in mean (SD). Independent sample t test and correlation was done.

Results:
The ulcer size was smaller initially and gradually increased in the next few days and the size decreased upon ulcer healing. Initially, the pain score was higher and gradually decreased as the ulcer healed. Positive correlation of ulcer size and pain score was obtained in Group I on the 1st day, 4th day and 5th day with statistical significance of P < 0.001 and negative correlation on 2nd day without statistical significance. Ulcer size and pain score in Group II was correlated negatively on Day 1, 2, 6 and 7 without statistical significance and positively correlated from Day 3-5 without statistical significance. Ulcer size and pain score was negatively correlated with statistical significance for Day 6 and 7.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that Curcumin performed on par with triamcinolone and there is no positive correlation between ulcer size and pain score with topical management of Curcumin and Triamcinolone in aphthous ulcers. Though both the drug was effectively able to bring down the pain and size without any side effects, with a borderline favorable result with steroid.
Normal Mean Oral Temperature in Indians: 98.0°F
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Ronanki Kavya , Panda Prasan Kumar , Kapoor Mayank , Singh Yogesh , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
To find out the normal mean oral temperature in the Indian population as per a longitudinal study.

Background:
98.6°F is generally accepted as normal body temperature as defined by Wunderlich (1868) and later challenged by Mackowiak (1992) and Protsiv (2020) who concluded it as 98.2°F based on cross-sectional studies. Hence, the normal body temperature at present needs quantification as per a longitudinal study in Indians.

Patients and Methods:
A longitudinal study on the healthy population of Northern India was followed-up over 1 year. Participants were advised for self-monitoring of oral temperature with a standard digital thermometer in either left or right sublingual pocket and record it in the thermometry diary. The study was considered complete if the participant had all three phases of the study (i.e., non-febrile, febrile and post-febrile phases) or completed the duration of the study.

Results:
The mean oral temperature of the participants (n = 144) during the non-febrile and post-febrile phases (temperature readings = 6543) were 98.0°F (standard deviation [SD], 0.61) and 98.01°F (SD, 0.60), respectively (P < 0.001). With the diurnal variability, the morning (am), noon (an) and afternoon (pm) mean temperatures were 97.91°F, 98.08°F and 98.27°F (P < 0.001), respectively, during the non-febrile phase. Similar trends were observed in variability among men and women, seasons and across post-febrile phase.

Conclusions:
The mean oral temperature was 98.0°F (SD, 0.61). The temperature was as low as 96.9°F and as high as 99.1°F. The temperature during the post-febrile phase was found to be higher than the non-febrile phase temperature such as pm over an and am, women over men, summer over other seasons in the non-febrile phase and spring over others in the post-febrile phase.
Knowledge, Practices and Factors Affecting in Application of Nursing Process
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Sharma Rakesh , Negi Rashmi , Jelly Prasuna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The nursing process is an important tool that has transformed the standards of nursing practices. Application of the nursing process required proper training, guidelines and resources to be used by the nurses.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of nursing process among nurses and explore factors influencing its applications by nurses.

Methods:
An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted among 210 nurses using a simple random sampling technique. A pre-designed, self-structured questionnaire on knowledge and practice of nurses regarding nursing process and factors influencing its application were used to collect data. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
Most of the nurses were female (60.5%), had General Nursing and Midwifery (76.2%) as professional education, working in general medicine units (52.5%) and had more than 5 years of professional experience. The mean knowledge and practice score regarding nursing process were 13.93 ± 5.204 and 6.51 ± 0.96, respectively. Major hindering factors were the absence of a format for recording nursing process, poor nurse–patient ratio and excessive workload and never attended in-service education on the nursing process. Many nurses reported working in a stressful environment and were dissatisfied due to excessive clerical paperwork.

Conclusion:
The majority of nurses had average knowledge of nursing process, but they were not practicing. Certain factors such as no format, in-service education and equipment supplies affected the nursing process application in clinical areas. Hence, it is recommended to modify the above factors for proper application of nursing process.
।। मन्त्रोपबृँहकं श्रीमद्भागवतम् ।।
Authors: Pandya Mihir 
Published: February 2023

श्रुतञ्च सर्वैः निगमकल्पतरोर्गलितं फलं श्रीमद्भागवतमहापुराणम् ।[1] यदत्र वेदविदांवरीष्ठेन श्रीमता वेदव्यासेन अष्टादशपुराणेषु लोकोपभोगाय वेदतत्वज्ञानाय च वेदतत्वस्वारस्यं सुग्रथितम् ।
चितेऽस्मिन् विषये शास्त्रद्वयस्य अर्थात् वेदविषये श्रीमद्भागवतवेषये च जानन्त्येव भवन्तः। अपि च श्रीमद्भागवतमहापुराणे वेदमन्त्राणामुपनिषद्मन्त्राणां चोपबृंहणं वर्तते तदपि श्रुतिपथमेव।
तत्र श्रीमद्भागवतमहापुराणस्याध्ययनप्रसंगे दृष्टिपथमागतानां पद्यानां स्मृतिपथमागतैः मन्त्रैः सह साम्यं दृष्टमासीत् । तदत्र शोधपत्रत्वेन दृग्गोचरीकर्तुं प्रयतामि ।।

[1] श्रीमद्भागवतमहापुराणम् १/१/३ ।
Reinforcement Learning for Disassembly System Optimization Problems: A Survey
Authors: Guo Xiwang , Bi Zhiliang , Wang Jiacun , Qin ShuJin , Liu ShiXin , Qi Liang 
Published: February 2023

Survey/review study
Reinforcement Learning for Disassembly System Optimization Problems: A Survey

Xiwang Guo 1,2,*, Zhiliang Bi 2, Jiacun Wang 1, Shujin Qin 3, Shixin Liu 4, and Liang Qi 5

1 Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Monmouth University, New Jersey 07710, USA
2 Department of Information Control, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113005, China
3 Department of Economic Management, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
4 Department of Information Science and Engineering, Northeast University, Shenyang 110819, China
5 Department of Computer Intelligence Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
* Correspondence: x.w.guo@163.com

Received: 16 October 2022
Accepted: 28 November 2022
Published: 27 March 2023

Abstract: The disassembly complexity of end-of-life products increases continuously. Traditional methods are facing difficulties in solving the decision-making and control problems of disassembly operations. On the other hand, the latest development in reinforcement learning makes it more feasible to solve such kind of complex problems. Inspired by behaviorism psychology, reinforcement learning is considered as one of the most promising directions to achieve universal artificial intelligence (AI). In this context, we first review the basic ideas, mathematical models, and various algorithms of reinforcement learning. Then, we introduce the research progress and application subjects in the field of disassembly and recycling, such as disassembly sequencing, disassembly line balancing, product transportation, disassembly layout, etc. In addition, the prospects, challenges and applications of reinforcement learning based disassembly and recycling are also comprehensively analyzed and discussed.