bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and risk-related drivers of compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection: evidence from the Munich-based KoCo19 study
Authors: Pedron Sara , Laxy Michael , Radon Katja , Le Gleut Ronan , Castelletti Noemi , Noller Jessica Michelle Guggenbüehl , Diefenbach Maximilian Nikolaus , Hölscher Michael , Leidl Reiner , Schwettmann Lars ,   the KoCo19 collaboration group, Forster Felix , Bakuli Abhishek , Eckstein Judith , Froeschl Günter , Geisenberger Otto , Geldmacher Christof , Heiber Arlett , Hoffmann Larissa , Huber Kristina , Metaxa Dafni , Pletschette Michel , Rothe Camilla , Schunk Mirjam , Wallrauch Claudia , Zimmer Thorbjörn , Pritsch Michael , Wieser Andreas , Olbrich Laura , Thiel Verena , Riess Friedrich , Kroidl Inge , Saathoff Elmar , Prückner Stephan , Zeggini Eleftheria , Fuchs Christiane , Hasenauer Jan , Theis Fabian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesAlthough a growing share of the population in many countries has been vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus to different degrees, social distancing and hygienic non-pharmaceutical interventions still play a substantial role in containing the pandemic. The goal of this study was to investigate which factors are correlated with a higher compliance with these regulations in the context of a cohort study in the city of Munich, southern Germany, during the summer of 2020, i.e. after the first lockdown phase.MethodsUsing self-reported compliance with six regulations and personal hygiene rules (washing hands, avoiding touching face, wearing a mask, keeping distance, avoiding social gatherings, avoiding public spaces) we extracted two compliance factor scores, namelycompliance with personal hygiene measuresandcompliance with social distancing regulations. Using linear and logistic regressions, we estimated the correlation of several socio-demographic and risk perception variables with both compliance scores.ResultsRisk aversion proved to be a consistent and significant driver of compliance across all compliance behaviors. Furthermore, being female, being retired and having a migration background were positively associated with compliance with personal hygiene regulations, whereas older age was related with a higher compliance with social distancing regulations. Generally, socioeconomic characteristics were not related with compliance, except for education, which was negatively related with compliance with personal hygiene measures.ConclusionsOur results suggest that for a targeted approach to improve compliance with measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, special attention should be given to younger, male and risk-prone individuals.
Comparisons of in-hospital complications between total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Yang Qinfeng , Wang Ziqi , Pan Zhijie , Zhang Yang , Shi Zhanjun , Yang Sheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) is a less common but effective alternative method to total hip arthroplasty (THA) for hip reconstruction. In this study, we investigated the incidences of in-hospital complications between patients who had been subjected to THA and HRA.

Methods
The National Inpatient Sample data that had been recorded from 2005 to 2014 was used in this study. Based on the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, patients who underwent THA or HRA were included. Data on demographics, preoperative comorbidities, length of hospital stay, total charges, and in-hospital mortality and complications were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether different surgical options are independent risk factors for postoperative complications.

Results
A total of 537,506 THAs and 9,744 HRAs were obtained from the NIS database. Patients who had been subjected to HRA exhibited less preoperative comorbidity rates, shorter length of stay and extra hospital charges. Moreover, HRA was associated with more in-hospital prosthesis loosening. Notably, patients who underwent HRA were younger and presented less preoperative comorbidities but did not show lower incidences in most complications.

Conclusions
The popularity of HRA gradually reduced from the year 2005 to 2014. Patients who underwent HRA were more likely to be younger, male, have less comorbidities and spend more money on medical costs. The risk of in-hospital prosthesis loosening after HRA was higher. The HRA-associated advantages with regards to most in-hospital complications were not markedly different from those of THA. In-hospital complications of HRA deserve more attention from surgeons.
Chemotherapy-induced weight gain in early-stage breast cancer: a prospective matched cohort study reveals associations with inflammation and gut dysbiosis
Authors: Walker John , Joy Anil Abraham , Vos Larissa J. , Stenson Trevor H. , Mackey John R. , Jovel Juan , Kao Dina , Madsen Karen L. , Wong Gane Ka-Shu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Early-stage breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy risk the development of metabolic disease and weight gain, which can result in increased morbidity and reduced quality of life in survivorship. We aimed to analyze changes within the gastrointestinal microbiome of early-stage breast cancer patients treated with and without chemotherapy to investigate a potential relationship between dysbiosis, a systemic inflammatory response, and resultant anthropomorphic changes.

Methods
We undertook an a priori analysis of serially collected stool and plasma samples from 40 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent adjuvant endocrine therapy only, adjuvant chemotherapy only, or both. Gut microbiota were assessed by metagenomic comparison of stool samples following deep sequencing. Inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated by proteomic analysis of plasma and measurement of fecal calprotectin. Body composition was investigated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to determine biomass indices.

Results
As opposed to treatment with endocrine therapy only, chemotherapy resulted in statistically and clinically significant weight gain and an increase in the android to gynoid ratio of fat distribution. Patients treated with chemotherapy gained an average of 0.15% total mass per month, as opposed to a significantly different loss of 0.19% in those patients who received endocrine-only therapy. Concurrently, a twofold increase in fecal calprotectin occurred after chemotherapy that is indicative of interferon-dependent inflammation and evidence of colonic inflammation. These anthropomorphic and inflammatory changes occurred in concert with a chemotherapy-dependent effect on the gut microbiome as evidenced by a reduction in both the abundance and variety of microbial species.

Conclusions
We confirm the association of chemotherapy treatment with weight gain and potential deleterious anthropometric changes and suggest that alterations of bacterial flora may contribute to these phenomena through the induction of systemic inflammation. Consequently, the gut microbiome may be a future target for intervention in preventing chemotherapy-dependent anthropometric changes.
Association of main meal frequency and skipping with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Park Haeun , Shin Dayeon , Lee Kyung Won 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundReduced meal frequency can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, limited studies have examined the association between meal frequency and skipping meals with MetS. This study aims to analyze the association between main meal frequency and meal skipping with MetS in Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years.MethodsIn this study, we included data from 22,699 Korean adult participants from the 2016–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The 24-h dietary recall method was used to classify the participants into three groups based on main meal frequency (one, two, or three meals per day) and seven groups based on the type of main meal they skipped. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between main meal frequency and the types of main meals skipped with the odds of MetS and its associated components. Appropriate estimates were accounted for using sampling weights, stratification, and clustering.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS in the study population was 33.8%. The average age of the participants was 47.2 years with 42.6% being men, and 57.4% being women. Men who consumed two meals per day had higher odds of MetS than those who consumed three meals per day (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.33). Women who consumed two meals per day, and skipped breakfast had increased odds of having elevated fasting blood glucose levels (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.35), and elevated triglycerides (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.39). However, women who skipped dinner had reduced odds of having elevated fasting blood glucose levels (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that meal frequency and the type of main meal skipped may be associated with MetS and emphasize the importance of consuming breakfast to prevent MetS.
A case of syphilis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review of the literature
Authors: Pipitò Luca , Medaglia Alice Annalisa , Trizzino Marcello , Bonura Silvia , Gioè Claudia , Di Carlo Paola , Colomba Claudia , Cascio Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) associated with syphilis has rarely been described in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis can be challenging because it is not always possible to discern it from a recent infection or a worsening of an undiagnosed one.

Case presentation
An HIV-positive 42-year-old man with a poor compliance history of antiretroviral therapy presented at our unit and complained of ocular symptoms. Ocular syphilis diagnosis was posed after initial misdiagnosing with cytomegalovirus infection, and antiretroviral therapy compliance improved after switching to a bictegravir-based regimen. Despite intravenous (IV) penicillin, we observed an initial worsening with the appearance of new skin lesions, and IRIS syphilis was suspected. In the literature, 14 cases of IRIS syphilis are described, all regarding male patients. Seven were HIV naïve to therapy, and 7 HIV-experienced with poor therapy compliance. Basal syphilis serology was negative in ten, with subsequent seroconversion after the development of IRIS. IRIS-syphilis development was observed after a median time of 28 days from ART initiation; 10 cases were considered "unmasking-IRIS" and 4 "paradoxical-IRIS". Skin and ocular involvement were the most often reported. In most cases, it was not necessary to use a systemic steroid. A good outcome was reported in 12.

Conclusions
Syphilis should be considered in differential diagnosis with other diseases associated with IRIS. A negative syphilis serology before beginning antiretroviral therapy could convey the impression that syphilis has been ruled out. Whereas a high index of suspicion should be maintained when symptoms suggestive of syphilis, such as ocular and skin manifestations, are noticed after therapy has begun.
Cysteine depletion sensitizes prostate cancer cells to agents that enhance DNA damage and to immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Saha Achinto , Zhao Shengyuan , Kindall Austin , Wilder Carly , Friedman Chelsea A. , Clark Rachel , Georgiou George , Stone Everett , Kidane Dawit , DiGiovanni John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Prostate Cancer (PCa) represents one of the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms in men and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Therapy resistance and significant side effects of current treatment strategies indicate the need for more effective agents to treat both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that depletion of L-cysteine/cystine with an engineered human enzyme, Cyst(e)inase, increased intracellular ROS levels and inhibited PCa growth in vitro and in vivo. The current study was conducted to further explore the mechanisms and potential combinatorial approaches with Cyst(e)inase for treatment of PCa.

Methods
DNA single strand breaks and clustered oxidative DNA damage were evaluated by alkaline comet assay and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, respectively. Neutral comet assay and immunofluorescence staining was used to measure DNA double strand breaks. Cell survival and reactive oxygen species level were measured by crystal violet assay and DCFDA staining, respectively. Western blot was used to determine protein expression. FACS analyses were preformed for immune cell phenotyping. Allograft and xenograft tumor models were used for assessing effects on tumor growth.

Results
PCa cells treated with Cyst(e)inase lead to DNA single and double strand breaks resulted from clustered oxidative DNA damage (SSBs and DSBs). Cyst(e)inase in combination with Auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, further increased intracellular ROS and DNA DSBs and synergistically inhibited PCa cell growth in vitro and in vivo. A combination of Cyst(e)inase with a PARP inhibitor (Olaparib) also increased DNA DSBs and synergistically inhibited PCa cell growth in vitro and in vivo without additional ROS induction. Knockdown of BRCA2 in PCa cells increased DSBs and enhanced sensitivity to Cyst(e)inase. Finally, Cyst(e)inase treatment altered tumor immune infiltrates and PD-L1 expression and sensitized PCa cells to anti-PD-L1 treatment.

Conclusions
The current results demonstrate the importance of oxidative DNA damage either alone or in combination for Cyst(e)inase-induced anticancer activity. Furthermore, cysteine/cystine depletion alters the tumor immune landscape favoring enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition targeting PD-L1. Thus, combinatorial approaches with Cyst(e)inase could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for PCa.
Differences of survival benefits brought by various treatments in ovarian cancer patients with different tumor stages
Authors: He Tingshan , Li Hong , Zhang Zhiqiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The current study aimed to explore the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients in different subgroup using three prognostic research indexes. The current study aimed to build a prognostic model for ovarian cancer patients.

Methods
The study dataset was downloaded from Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Accelerated Failure Time algorithm was used to construct a prognostic model for ovary cancer.

Results
The mortality rate in the model group was 51.6% (9,314/18,056), while the mortality rate in the validation group was 52.1% (6,358/12,199). The current study constructed a prognostic model for ovarian cancer patients. The C indexes were 0.741 (95% confidence interval: 0.731–0.751) in model dataset and 0.738 (95% confidence interval: 0.726–0.750) in validation dataset. Brier score was 0.179 for model dataset and validation dataset. The C indexes were 0.741 (95% confidence interval: 0.733–0.749) in bootstrap internal validation dataset. Brier score was 0.178 for bootstrap internal validation dataset.

Conclusion
The current research indicated that there were significant differences in the survival benefits of treatments among ovarian cancer patients with different stages. The current research developed an individual mortality risk predictive system that could provide valuable predictive information for ovarian cancer patients.

Graphical Abstract
In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of three selected medicinal plants that are used in local traditional medicine in Amhara region of Ethiopia
Authors: Ejigu Yenesew Wudu , Endalifer Bedilu Linger 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The plants Aloe weloensis, Lepidium sativum, and Lobelia gibberoa have been used in Ethiopian folklore medicine to treat various diseases including malaria.

Method
The in vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the three crude extracts was evaluated using parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay against the chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive D10 and the chloroquine (CQ)-resistant W2 strains.

Result
The methanolic extract of L. gibberoa roots showed the highest in vitro anti-plasmodial effect against both D10 and W2 Plasmodium falciparum strains with IC50 value of 103.83 ± 26.17 µg/mL and 47.11 ± 12.46 µg/mL, respectively. However, the methanolic extract of L. sativum seeds and the leaf latex of A. weloensis were not active with an IC50 value > 200 µg/mL against both D10 and W2 strains.

Conclusion
The methanolic extract of L. gibberoa roots showed a promising in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against the CQ-sensitive (D10) and CQ-resistant (W2) strains of P. falciparum. Thus, the anti-plasmodial activity of this plant partly justifies and may also support the traditional use against malaria. However, the methanolic extract of L. sativum seeds and the leaf latex of A. weloensis did not exert suppressive activity on the growth of P. falciparum strains.
Relationship between continuous glucose monitor (CGM)-assessed glycemic health and biological markers of cardiovascular health in adults
Authors: Sparks Joshua Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Adults with overweight or obesity have a higher risk of the development of impaired glycemic health and cardiometabolic disorders. Glycemic variability acts as a more sensitive assessment of glycemic health compared to other clinical measures. Oxidative stress and diminished vascular health play a key role in the development of cardiometabolic disorders.

Objective
To examine the relationship between glucose concentrations and glycemic variability with biological markers of vascular health and oxidative stress.

Methods
Adults (n = 28; body mass index = 32.3 ± 6.3 kg/m2) completed 7-day continuous glucose monitoring. Percentage of time each day glucose concentrations were < 70 mg/dL, 70–180 mg/dL, and > 180 mg/dL was evaluated. Means of 24-h, waking and night sleep hours, maximum, minimum, and difference between maximum and minimum (Max–Min) glucose concentrations were determined. Measurements of intra- and inter-day glycemic variability were calculated. Fasting concentrations of glucose, vascular health marker nitric oxide (NO), and oxidative stress marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured, and the ratio of NO concentration to MPO concentration (NO:MPO) was calculated (propensity to vasodilate).

Results
MPO concentration negatively correlated with glycemic variability measured as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (r2 = 0.23, β = − 0.62, p = 0.03), while the NO:MPO ratio positively correlated with fasting glucose concentration (r2 = 0.22, β = 3.79, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that an increased propensity to vasodilate relates to increased fasting glucose concentration, while increased oxidative stress relates to decreased glycemic variability. These findings were unexpected and necessitates further research into the potential mechanisms of these findings for cardiometabolic health in adults having overweight or obesity.
EXERTION: a pilot trial on the effect of aerobic, smartwatch-controlled exercise on stroke recovery: effects on motor function, structural repair, cognition, mental well-being, and the immune system
Authors: Straeten Frederike A. , van Zyl Stephanie , Maus Bastian , Bauer Jochen , Raum Heiner , Gross Catharina C. , Bruchmann Sabine , Landmeyer Nils C. , Faber Cornelius , Minnerup Jens , Schmidt-Pogoda Antje 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Motor impairments are the objectively most striking sequelae after stroke, but non-motor consequences represent a high burden for stroke survivors as well. Depression is reported in one third of patients, the fatigue prevalence ranges from 23 to 75% due to heterogenous definitions and assessments. Cognitive impairment is found in one third of stroke patients 3–12 months after stroke and the risk for dementia is doubled by the event.
Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms, counteract fatigue, and improve cognitive functions in non-stroke patients. Furthermore, exercise is known to strengthen the immune system. It is unknown, though, if aerobic exercise can counteract poststroke depression, fatigue, poststroke dementia and poststroke immunosuppression. Therefore, we aim to analyse the effect of aerobic exercise on functional recovery, cognition, emotional well-being, and the immune system. Reorganization of topological networks of the brain shall be visualized by diffusion MRI fibre tracking.

Methods
Adults with mild to moderate stroke impairment (initial NIHSS or NIHSS determined at the moment of maximal deterioration 1–18) are recruited within two weeks of stroke onset. Study participants must be able to walk independently without risk of falling. All patients are equipped with wearable devices (smartwatches) measuring the heart rate and daily step count. The optimal heart rate zone is determined by lactate ergometry at baseline. Patients are randomized to the control or the intervention group, the latter performing a heart rate-controlled walking training on own initiative 5 times a week for 45 min. All patients receive medical care and stroke rehabilitation to the usual standard of care. The following assessments are conducted at baseline and after 90 days: Fugl Meyer-assessment for the upper and lower extremity, 6 min-walk test, neuropsychological assessment (cognition: MoCA, SDMT; fatigue and depression: FSMC, HADS-D, participation: WHODAS 2.0 12-items), blood testing (i.e. immune profiling to obtain insights into phenotype and functional features of distinct immune-cell subsets) and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with grid-sampled diffusion weighted imaging, white matter fibre tracking and MR spectroscopy.

Perspective
This study investigates the effect of smartwatch-controlled aerobic exercise on functional recovery, cognition, emotional well-being, the immune system, and neuronal network reorganization in stroke patients.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT Number: NCT05690165. First posted19 January 2023. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05690165
Swirling transition with social interactions: Analyzed by a sixth-order Landau-type model
(a)
Authors: Bittl T. O. , Stark H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Swirling groups of animals or bacteria are a common phenomenon in nature. It is thought that this collective organization occurs in the vicinity of a continuous transition between dynamic states to ensure robust group cohesion while allowing for high sensitivity to outside stimuli like predators. Here, we present Brownian dynamics simulations of active particles with social interactions which can form stable swirls. We observe a transition between swarming and swirling states and analyze these using a sixth-order Landau-type model. Our results suggest that the transition is weakly discontinuous. However, by lowering the rotational diffusion coefficient, it becomes continuous.
Relationship between threshold and bifurcations for paradoxical firing responses along with seizure induced by inhibitory stimulation
Authors: Wang Xianjun , Gu Huaguang , Jia Yanbing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inhibition-induced enhancement or paradoxical response of firing was related to Hopf bifurcation instead of saddle-node bifurcation on an invariant cycle (SNIC), due to the “negative” threshold and rotated vector fields. In the present letter, by changing multiple parameters to adjust the vector fields, the condition for the paradoxical response and “negative” threshold is extended to SNIC near a codimension-2 bifurcation appearing prior to the Hopf bifurcation, which presents a comprehensive relationship between bifurcations and threshold. Especially, the result for a special current can well explain the enhanced firing along with seizure induced by inhibitory interneuron, implying that SNIC far from the codimension-2 bifurcation of pyramidal neuron is a potential candidate to avoid seizure.