bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of tandem repeats in the Capsicum annuum genome
Authors: Rudenko Valentina , Korotkov Eugene 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, we modified the multiple alignment method based on the generation of random position weight matrices (RPWMs) and used it to search for tandem repeats (TRs) in the Capsicum annuum genome. The application of the modified (m)RPWM method, which considers the correlation of adjusting nucleotides, resulted in the identification of 908,072 TR regions with repeat lengths from 2 to 200 bp in the C. annuum genome, where they occupied ~29%. The most common TRs were 2 and 3 bp long followed by those of 21, 4, and 15 bp. We performed clustering analysis of TRs with repeat lengths of 2 and 21 bp and created position-weight matrices (PWMs) for each group; these templates could be used to search for TRs of a given length in any nucleotide sequence. All detected TRs can be accessed through publicly available database (http://victoria.biengi.ac.ru/capsicum_tr/). Comparison of mRPWM with other TR search methods such as Tandem Repeat Finder, T-REKS, and XSTREAM indicated that mRPWM could detect significantly more TRs at similar false discovery rates, indicating its superior performance. The developed mRPWM method can be successfully applied to the identification of highly divergent TRs, which is important for functional analysis of genomes and evolutionary studies.
A Mediterranean Diet Pattern Improves Intestinal Inflammation Concomitant with Reshaping of the Bacteriome in Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Haskey Natasha , Estaki Mehrbod , Ye Jiayu , Shim Rachel K , Singh Sunny , Dieleman Levinus A , Jacobson Kevan , Gibson Deanna L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Dietary patterns are important in managing ulcerative colitis [UC], given their influence on gut microbiome-host symbiosis and inflammation. We investigated whether the Mediterranean Diet Pattern [MDP] vs the Canadian Habitual Diet Pattern [CHD] would affect disease activity, inflammation, and the gut microbiome in patients with quiescent UC.

Methods
We performed a prospective, randomised, controlled trial in adults [65% female; median age 47 years] with quiescent UC in an outpatient setting from 2017 to 2021. Participants were randomised to an MDP [n = 15] or CHD [n = 13] for 12 weeks. Disease activity [Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index] and faecal calprotectin [FC] were measured at baseline and week 12. Stool samples were analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results
The diet was well tolerated by the MDP group. At week 12, 75% [9/12] of participants in the CHD had an FC &gt;100 μg/g, vs 20% [3/15] of participants in the MDP group. The MDP group had higher levels of total faecal short chain fatty acids [SCFAs] [p = 0.01], acetic acid [p = 0.03], and butyric acid [p = 0.03] compared with the CHD. Furthermore, the MDP induced alterations in microbial species associated with a protective role in colitis [Alistipes finegoldii and Flavonifractor plautii], as well as the production of SCFAs [Ruminococcus bromii].

Conclusions
An MDP induces gut microbiome alterations associated with the maintenance of clinical remission and reduced FC in patients with quiescent UC. The data support that the MDP is a sustainable diet pattern that could be recommended as a maintenance diet and adjunctive therapy for UC patients in clinical remission. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT0305371
Weathering of 3-component synthetic food cones: effects on residual amount, release rate, and field capture of 3 pest species of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shelly Todd E , Kurashima Rick , Mesa Martin Rodolfo , Fezza Thomas , Bazelet Corinna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Food-based baits are an important component of trapping networks designed to detect invasive tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). An aqueous solution of torula yeast plus borax (TYB) is widely used, but synthetic food lures have been developed to facilitate field procedures, ensure standard composition, and lengthen the interval of bait attractiveness. Cone-shaped dispensers, containing ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine (so-called 3C food cones), are currently being used in some large-scale trapping systems (e.g., Florida). Prior work in Hawaii showed that traps baited with 3C food cones capture similar numbers of Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), as TYB-baited traps after 1–2 wk of weathering but capture fewer medflies thereafter. In addition, 3C food cones attract fewer oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and melon flies, Zeugodacuscucurbitae (Coquillett) than TYB even when the food cones are freshly deployed. The current study describes an additional trapping experiment that expands upon earlier work by (i) presenting 3C food cones either unbagged (as done previously) or in nonporous or breathable bags to possibly reduce volatilization and lengthen bait effectiveness and (ii) measuring the content of the 3 components over time to potentially associate fruit fly captures with the loss of these food cone constituents. Implications of these findings for fruit fly surveillance programs are discussed.
Hepatic encephalopathy due to aorto-right ventricular fistula responsive to percutaneous repair: a case report
Authors: Craig Kemper W , Sertich Anthony 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Encephalopathy due to hyperammonemia is most often found in a setting of cirrhosis. However, it can also result from increased hepatic venous pressures, which can damage zone three hepatocytes and result in elevated serum ammonia.

Case summary
This report focuses on the unique case of a 43-year-old woman, who presented with confusion in the setting of hyperammonemia due to congestive hepatopathy from an iatrogenic aorto-right ventricular fistula. The patient underwent percutaneous repair of the fistula with resolution of encephalopathy and notable improvement in symptoms. The patient attended all follow-up appointments and was contacted five and eight months after admittance for updates regarding her recovery and permission to publish this case.

Discussion
This exceedingly rare case has not been reported in the literature and highlights the historically narrow differential for hyperammonemic encephalopathy given the prevalence of cirrhosis and potential reversibility of such a case.
Bobo–Newton acute myocarditis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus: a case report
Authors: Le Breton Camille , El Braidy Bernard , Durup Florence , Garot Jérôme 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a Gram-negative bacillus commensal of the oral cavities of dogs and cats that can cause human infection after a bite or scratch. Cardiovascular manifestations have included endocarditis, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, mycotic aortic aneurysm and prosthetic aortitis.

Case summary
A 37-year-old male presented septic manifestations, ST-segment alterations on the electrocardiogram and troponin rise, 3 days after a dog bite. N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide was elevated and transthoracic echocardiography revealed mild diffuse left ventricular (LV) hypokinesia. Coronary computed tomography angiography showed normal coronary arteries. Two aerobic blood cultures grew Capnocytophaga canimorsus. On Day 5, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), showed all diagnostic criteria of acute myocarditis, including focal areas of subepicardial oedema in the LV inferolateral wall, early hyperenhancement, nodular or linear foci of late gadolinium enhancement, increased T2-times and extracellular volume fraction. The outcome was favourable with amoxicillin.

Discussion
Four cases of myocardial infarction caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus had been reported and coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries in 3 cases. Herein, we report a case of documented acute myocarditis associated with Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection. Myocarditis was demonstrated by comprehensive CMR revealing all established diagnostic criteria. Acute myocarditis should be ruled out in patients with Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection and a clinical presentation of “acute myocardial infarction”, especially in those with unobstructed coronary arteries.
Myocarditis in a young male affected with monkeypox infection: a case report
Authors: Luengo Pérez Sergio , Abdala Lizarraga Julián , Jaén Ferrer Esther , Ridocci Soriano Francisco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Concerns on monkeypox as a disease impacting global public health first emerged in May, 2022, and, since that time, has been identified in more than 50 countries. The condition mainly affects men who have sex with other men. Cardiac disease is a rare complication of monkeypox infection. Here, we describe a case of myocarditis in a young male subsequently diagnosed with monkeypox infection.

Case summary
A 42-year-old male reported engaging in high-risk sexual behaviours with another male 10 days before presenting to the emergency department with chest pain, fever, maculopapular rash, and a necrotic chin lesion. Electrocardiography revealed diffuse concave ST-segment elevation associated with elevated cardiac biomarkers. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal biventricular systolic function without wall motion abnormalities. We excluded other sexually transmitted diseases or viral infections. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggested myopericarditis involving the lateral wall and adjacent pericardium. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests of pharyngeal, urethral, and blood samples were positive for monkeypox. The patient was treated with high-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine and he recovered soon.

Discussion
Monkeypox infections are generally self-limited, with most patients experiencing benign clinical outcomes, no hospitalizations, and few complications. This is a rare report of monkeypox complicated with myopericarditis. Management with high-dose NSAIDs and colchicine relieved our patient’s symptoms, suggesting a similar clinical outcome as other idiopathic or virus-related myopericarditis.
Over 8-year survival after ascending endovascular repair of type A intramural haematoma
Authors: Mosbahi Selim , Desai Nimesh D , Bavaria Joseph E , Szeto Wilson Y 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Acute type A aortic syndromes are catastrophic events whose management relies primarily on conventional surgery. For several years, various endovascular attempts have been described; however, long-term data are inexistent. We describe a case of stenting of the ascending aorta for a type A intramural haematoma with survival and freedom from reintervention at &gt;8 years postoperatively.
Unclean Cooking Fuel Use and Slow Gait Speed Among Older Adults From 6 Countries
Authors: Smith Lee , López Sánchez Guillermo F , Pizzol Damiano , Rahmati Masoud , Yon Dong Keon , Morrison Andrew , Samvelyan Jasmine , Veronese Nicola , Soysal Pinar , Tully Mark A , Butler Laurie , Barnett Yvonne , Shin Jae Il , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Outdoor air pollution has been reported to be associated with frailty (including slow gait speed) in older adults. However, to date, no literature exists on the association between indoor air pollution (eg, unclean cooking fuel use) and gait speed. Therefore, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional association between unclean cooking fuel use and gait speed in a sample of older adults from 6 low- and middle-income countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa).

Methods
Cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health were analyzed. Unclean cooking fuel use referred to the use of kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass based on self-report. Slow gait speed referred to the slowest quintile based on height, age, and sex-stratified values. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were done to assess associations.

Results
Data on 14 585 individuals aged ≥65 years were analyzed (mean [standard deviation] age 72.6 [11.4] years; 45.0% males). Unclean cooking fuel use (vs clean cooking fuel use) was significantly associated with higher odds for slow gait speed (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–1.85) based on a meta-analysis using country-wise estimates. The level of between-country heterogeneity was very low (I2 = 0%).

Conclusions
Unclean cooking fuel use was associated with slower gait speed among older adults. Future studies of longitudinal design are warranted to provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and possible causality.
Withania somnifera seed oil exhibits antibiofilm properties against drug-resistant Candida auris clinical isolate through modulation in cell permeability
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Kharayat Bhawana , Rastogi Shubhangi , Kabdwal Manisha , Haldar Swati , Varshney Anurag 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aim
Candida auris, fast evolving drug-resistant fungus, poses an imminent global health threat. Alternative drug-resistance nonevoking treatment options are necessary. This study explored the antifungal and antibiofilm efficacies of Withania somnifera seed oil extracted using super critical CO2 (WSSO) against clinically isolated Fluconazole-resistant C. auris and its putative mode-of-action.

Methods and Results
Effects of WSSO on C. auris were tested by broth microdilution method, with observed IC50 at 5.96 mg ml−1. Time-kill assay revealed that WSSO is fungistatic. Mechanistically, ergosterol binding and sorbitol protection assays showed that C. auris cell membrane and cell wall are the targets for WSSO. Lactophenol: Cotton-Blue: Trypan-Blue staining confirmed loss of intracellular contents by WSSO treatment. Candida auris biofilm formation was disrupted by WSSO (BIC50: 8.52 mg ml−1). Additionally, WSSO exhibited dose and time-dependent mature biofilm eradication property with 50% efficacies at 23.27, 19.28, 18.18, and 7.22 mg ml−1 over 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Biofilm eradication by WSSO was further substantiated through scanning electron microscopy. Standard-of-Care Amphotericin B, at its break-point concentration, (2 μg ml−1) was found to be inefficient as an antibiofilm agent.

Conclusions
WSSO is a potent antifungal agent effective against planktonic C. auris and its biofilm.
Effects of corn hardness and drying temperature on digestibility of energy and nutrients in diets fed to growing pigs
Authors: Espinosa Charmaine D , Cabañas-Ojeda Joaquin , Oviedo-Rondón Edgar O , Stein Hans H 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that corn kernel hardness and drying temperature influence the ileal digestibility of starch and amino acids (AA), as well as apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and total dietary fiber (TDF) in diets for growing pigs. Two corn varieties with average or hard endosperm were grown and harvested under similar conditions, and after harvest, each variety was divided into 2 batches that were dried at 35 and 120 °C, respectively. Therefore, four batches of corn were used. In experiment 1, 10 pigs (67.00 ± 2.98 kg) with a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods giving 10 replicates per diet. A nitrogen-free diet and four diets containing each source of corn as the only AA source were formulated. Results indicated that neither variety of corn nor drying temperature influenced apparent ileal digestibility of starch in the grain. The standardized ileal digestibility of most AA was less (P &lt; 0.05) in corn dried at 120 °C compared with corn dried at 35 °C resulting in concentrations of most standardized ileal digestible AA being less (P &lt; 0.05) in corn dried at 120 °C than in corn dried at 35 °C. In experiment 2, 40 pigs (20.82 ± 1.74 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and allotted to 4 diets with 10 replicate pigs per diet. The four corn-based diets used in experiment 1 were also used in experiment 2. Feces and urine were collected using the marker-to-marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Results indicated that diets containing hard endosperm corn had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of TDF than diets containing average endosperm corn. The ATTD of GE in hard endosperm corn was also greater (P &lt; 0.05), and concentrations of digestible energy and metabolizable energy in hard endosperm corn were greater (P &lt; 0.01) than in average endosperm corn. Diets containing corn dried at 120 °C had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of TDF compared with diets containing corn dried at 35 °C; however, drying temperature did not influence the ATTD of GE. In conclusion, endosperm hardness did not influence the digestibility of AA and starch; however, drying corn at 120 °C reduced digestible AA concentrations. Hard endosperm corn had greater ATTD of GE and TDF, but drying temperature did not influence energy digestibility.
Ocular Complications of Facial Burns in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Ridelman Elika , Teitelbaum Abigail , Craig Annmarie , Segar Sharmila , Bohra Lisa , Shanti Christina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pediatric ocular burns carry a risk of permanent vision impairment. This study identifies risk factors that place these patients at high risk of permanent visual complications. A retrospective review was conducted in our academic urban pediatric burn center. All 300 patients under 18 years of age admitted from January 2010 to December 2020 with periorbital or ocular thermal injuries were included. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, burn characteristics, ophthalmology consultation, ocular exam findings, follow up time period, and early and late ocular complications. Etiologies of burn injuries were as follows: 112 (37.5%) scald, 80 (26.8%) flame, 35 (11.7%) contact, 31 (10.4%) chemical, 28 (9.4%) grease, and 13 (4.3%) friction. Overall, 207 (70.9%) patients with ocular burns received an ophthalmology consult. Of these patients, 61.5% had periorbital cutaneous burns and 39.8% had corneal injuries, and only 61 (29.5%) presented for a follow-up visit. Ultimately, six had serious ocular sequelae, including ectropion, entropion, symblepharon, and corneal decompensation. While thermal burns involving the ocular surface and eyelid margins are relatively infrequent overall, they carry a small risk of serious to long-term sequelae. Recognizing those at greatest risk, and initiating appropriate early intervention is critical.
Three-dimensional visualization of plant tissues and organs by X-ray micro–computed tomography
Authors: Karahara Ichirou , Yamauchi Daisuke , Uesugi Kentaro , Mineyuki Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Studies visualizing plant tissues and organs in three-dimension (3D) using micro–computed tomography (CT) published since approximately 2015 are reviewed. In this period, the number of publications in the field of plant sciences dealing with micro-CT has increased along with the development of high-performance lab-based micro-CT systems as well as the continuous development of cutting-edge technologies at synchrotron radiation facilities. The widespread use of commercially available lab-based micro-CT systems enabling phase-contrast imaging technique, which is suitable for the visualization of biological specimens composed of light elements, appears to have facilitated these studies. Unique features of the plant body, which are particularly utilized for the imaging of plant organs and tissues by micro-CT, are having functional air spaces and specialized cell walls, such as lignified ones. In this review, we briefly describe the basis of micro-CT technology first and then get down into details of its application in 3D visualization in plant sciences, which are categorized as follows: imaging of various organs, caryopses, seeds, other organs (reproductive organs, leaves, stems and petioles), various tissues (leaf venations, xylems, air-filled tissues, cell boundaries, cell walls), embolisms and root systems, hoping that wide users of microscopes and other imaging technologies will be interested also in micro-CT and obtain some hints for a deeper understanding of the structure of plant tissues and organs in 3D. Majority of the current morphological studies using micro-CT still appear to be at a qualitative level. Development of methodology for accurate 3D segmentation is needed for the transition of the studies from a qualitative level to a quantitative level in the future.
Primary tuberculous otomastoiditis complicated with Bezold’s, postauricular, and subdural abscesses: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Aljehani Nawaf , Alzailaie Abdulazeez , Nassar Jihad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Primary tuberculous otomastoiditis is a rare condition. Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid part of the temporal bone that often happens as a complication of otitis media. The spread of infection from the middle ear and mastoid to adjacent structures might result in rare but serious complications. We present a case of an 8-year-old female with recurrent episodes of acute otitis media and foul-smelling yellowish discharge with hearing loss. Imaging revealed multiple abscesses. Intraoperatively, samples were taken from the abscesses and sent for complete analysis revealing a tuberculous infection. A diagnosis of primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) otomastoiditis was made using MTB polymerase chain reaction from the Bezold’s abscess. The patient was started on anti-MTB therapy. Follow-up imaging showed resolution of abscesses and otomastoiditis. An indolent course of otitis media along with poor response to conventional antibiotics regimen should raise the suspicion of rare and unusual infectious etiologies.
Giant aneurysm arising from a cortical middle cerebral artery branch presenting as an extra-axial tumour: a case report
Authors: Jain Swati , Paschalis Thanasis , Das Tilak , Helmy Adel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The size and anatomical complexity make giant intracranial aneurysms challenging surgical lesions. There is limited literature available for those arising from distal branches. The cases that have been reported in the literature have all presented with symptoms from a rupture leading to an intracranial haemorrhage. In this case report, the authors present a case of a giant aneurysm arising from a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery presenting as an extra-axial tumour. A 76-year-old gentleman presented with a 2-day history of subjective left arm numbness. Imaging revealed a large conical right-sided parietal lesion. Intraoperatively, it was found that the lesion was being supplied by a single vascular pedicle. Histology was consistent with an aneurysm. In this case, that patient did not have any evidence of a rupture unlike all reported cases of cortical giant aneurysms. This case highlights the myriad location and presentation of giant intracranial aneurysms.
The many beginnings of Operation Sophia: international law and literature in the governance of the EU
Authors: Vos Renske 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Borrowing from literary studies, this article revisits a series of interviews conducted with EU officials who narrated many beginnings of an EU military counter-migrant smuggling operation. The article asks what these many beginnings do together. It argues they together constitute a mode of (un)governance geared towards leaving open maximum room for manoeuvre.