bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Representations of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Among Nurses in Portugal
Authors: Gomes Alexandre , Saleiro Sandra Palma , Pegado Elsa , Barroso Margarida Martins 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
A number of studies in different countries have highlighted discrimination of sexual and gender minorities in healthcare environments. Although Portugal has made considerable progress in the acquisition of rights for LGBT people, there are still gaps in the training of health professionals. Among these, nurses are at the forefront of many of the close interactions with patients. This article aims to ascertain the social representations of sexual orientation and gender identity among nurses in Portugal from a sociological perspective.

Methods
A quantitative survey of Portuguese nurses was conducted in an online questionnaire. The data were collected between May and July 2020, and the participants were recruited through the Portuguese Nurses Association. The universe of the study consisted of 75,928 nurses, from which a sample of 899 was obtained.

Results
The results showed that Portuguese nurses tended to have a positive social attitude towards non-normative sexual orientations and gender identities, which they perceived as a natural expression of human diversity. This attitude was stronger among the younger, politically left-leaning participants without a religion, and close to LGBT people. The vast majority recognized that they lacked adequate training in LGBT issues and a significant part expressed the need to bridge that gap, mainly with regard to gender identity.

Conclusions and Policy Implications
This study provides insights into the insufficient inclusion of LGBT matters in nursing courses, and the need for ongoing, and specialized training. Knowledge and cultural competencies in the care of LGBT people should be guaranteed and made universal for nursing and other health professionals in order to reverse the reduction in their access to healthcare and ensure respect for the human right to health for LGBT people.
Discussion on “Saving Storage in Climate Ensembles: A Model-Based Stochastic Approach”
Authors: Bessac Julie , Underwood Robert , Di Sheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe thank the authors for this interesting paper that highlights important ideas and concepts for the future of climate model ensembles and their storage, as well as future uses of stochastic emulators. Stochastic emulators are particularly relevant because of the statistical nature of climate model ensembles, as discussed in previous work of the authors (Castruccio et al. in J Clim 32:8511–8522, 2019; Hu and Castruccio in J Clim 34:8409–8418, 2021). We thank the authors for sharing of some of their data with us in order to illustrate this discussion. In the following, in Sect. 1 we discuss alternative techniques currently used and studied, namely lossy compression and ideas emerging from the climate modeling community, that could feed the discussion on ensemble and storage. In that section, we also present numerical results of compression performed on the data shared by the authors. In Sect. 2, we discuss the current statistical model proposed by the authors and its context. We discuss other potential uses of stochastic emulators in climate and Earth modeling.
Verhaltensökonomie und rationale Klimapolitik – Was sagt die Verhaltensökonomie über den Klimadiskurs und die Klimapolitik in Deutschland?
Authors: Pritzl Rupert 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Verhaltensökonomik analysiert die psychologischen Aspekte des wirtschaftlichen Handelns und wird auf den klimapolitischen Diskurs und auf die Klimapolitik in Deutschland angewendet. Beim Klimaschutz als globales öffentliches Gut empfiehlt die Verhaltensökonomie eine internationale Verhandlungslösung mit freiwilliger reziproker Kooperation der Staaten, die als „Klima-Club“ institutionell angelegt sein sollte. Es wird zudem eine moralisch-ethische Anreicherung in dem Sinne empfohlen, dass sich der Mensch an gesinnungsethischen und deontologischen Prinzipien ausrichten und „moralisch gut“ handeln sollte. Die Individualmoralisierung ist allerdings kein geeigneter Ansatz für eine zielführende Klimapolitik. Hinsichtlich des individuellen klima- bzw. umweltpolitischen Verhaltens ist zu konstatieren, dass – trotz besseren Wissens – wohlklingende und wohlmeinende klimapolitische Maßnahmen propagiert, argumentativ verteidigt und über lange Zeit fortgeführt werden, die sich aber letztlich als ineffektiv und ineffizient erweisen. Viele Menschen bekunden, dass sie dafür sogar bereit seien, auf materiellen Wohlstand zu verzichten. Menschen verhalten sich nicht unbedingt irrational, sondern „nur“ begrenzt rational und messen gesinnungsethischen, deontologischen Prinzipien und Gerechtigkeits- und Fairnessüberlegungen und den eigenen Wunschvorstellungen hohe Bedeutung bei.
Decolonisation through Digitalisation? African Languages at South African Universities
Authors: Turner Irina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany South African universities aim to implement one or more African languages into formal and digital structures, in a process known as localisation. Often, however, this objective is not met due to manifold obstacles, not least of which is a conceptual contradiction of bounded languages and translingual practices. Digitalisation promises to diversify teaching and learning experiences as well as knowledge production at universities. At the same time, it threatens to reproduce analogue power structures. How do institutions negotiate these potentials and pitfalls? This paper explores the digitalisation of isiXhosa at three South African universities in the Eastern Cape province: Nelson Mandela University, Rhodes University, and the University of Fort Hare. Qualitative methods such as discourse analysis and immersed observation were applied to describe state-of-the-art developments in the digital implementation of isiXhosa in the realms of outward representation and communication, learning spaces, and knowledge repositories.
The importance of aesthetics for curriculum and job readiness: an exploration of student, teacher, and employer perceptions through Appraisal Theory
Authors: Barton Georgina , Le Anh Hai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAesthetics is a broad topic viewed from a number of perspectives. This paper understands aesthetics to involve beauty and design, and it is used to communicate meaning, particularly in multimodal texts. Knowledge of aesthetics is necessary for effective communication both during and post-schooling as many professions use aesthetics in their line of work. Yet very little is known about when and how they are taught in schools despite their inclusion in the curriculum. Using Appraisal Theory as a framework, this paper shares interview and focuses group data from students, teachers, and employers regarding the teaching of aesthetics and their importance for job readiness. Findings from the research showed several themes including the recognition that aesthetics is important, the lack of explicit teaching related to aesthetics, and the implicit knowledge of aesthetics by students, teachers, and employers. The study points to the need for aesthetic literacies to be taught more explicitly in schools. The research is significant as it advances knowledge and understanding related to the learning and teaching of aesthetics for job readiness.
Generalizing Simultaneously to Support Smooth Zooming: Case Study of Merging Area Objects
Authors: Peng Dongliang , Meijers Martijn , van Oosterom Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen users zoom in or out on a digital map, the map should change correspondingly to present geographical information at proper levels. A way to help map users better keep track of their interested objects is to change the map smoothly instead of discretely switching between several levels of detail. This paper focuses on the problem of providing smooth merging of area objects. We propose to merge multiple areas simultaneously to share their animation durations. In this way, each merging operation can be prolonged, and it is visually smoother. We present a greedy algorithm to decide which areas should be merged at each step. The merging process is pre-computed and is recorded into a space-scale cube (SSC). When a user accesses our web map, the SSC is sent to the client side so that the map can be generated by slicing the SSC in the graphics processing unit (GPU). We also explain how to snap the zooming to valid states so that the zooming will not stop halfway of the merging operations. Our case study shows that it is visually smoother to merge simultaneously than to sequentially merge each pair of areas.
Psychotropic medication use and future unexplained and injurious falls and fracture amongst community-dwelling older people: data from TILDA
Authors: Gallagher Eleanor , Mehmood Mustafa , Lavan Amanda , Kenny Rose Anne , Briggs Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, ‘Z’-drugs and antipsychotics) are frequently identified as Falls Risk Increasing Drugs. The aim of this study is to clarify the association of psychotropic medication use with future falls/fracture amongst community-dwelling older people.

Methods
Participants ≥ 65 years from TILDA were included and followed from Waves 1 to 5 (8-year follow-up). Incidence of falls (total falls/unexplained/injurious) and fracture was by self-report; unexplained falls were falls not caused by a slip/trip, with no apparent cause. Poisson regression models reporting incidence rate ratios (IRR) assessed the association between medications and future falls/fracture, adjusted for relevant covariates.

Results
Of 2809 participants (mean age 73 years), 15% were taking ≥ 1 psychotropic medication. During follow-up, over half of participants fell, with 1/3 reporting injurious falls, over 1/5 reporting unexplained falls and almost 1/5 reporting fracture. Psychotropic medications were independently associated with falls [IRR 1.15 (95% CI 1.00–1.31)] and unexplained falls [IRR 1.46 (95% CI 1.20–1.78)]. Taking ≥ 2 psychotropic medications was further associated with future fracture (IRR 1.47 (95% CI 1.06–2.05)]. Antidepressants were independently associated with falls [IRR 1.20 (1.00–1.42)] and unexplained falls [IRR 2.12 (95% CI 1.69–2.65)]. Anticholinergics were associated with unexplained falls [IRR 1.53 (95% CI 1.14–2.05)]. ‘Z’-drug and benzodiazepine use were not associated with falls or fractures.

Conclusion
Psychotropic medications, particularly antidepressants and anticholinergic medications, are independently associated with falls and fractures. Regular review of ongoing need for these medications should therefore be central to the comprehensive geriatric assessment.
Recursive expectations approach in policymaking
Authors: Kobayashi Keiichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe primary contribution of modern economics to policy analysis may be the recognition of the crucial role of expectations in policy intervention. The essence of expectations is to think about others’ thinking. We argue that policymakers need recursive thinking, that is, the ability to think about thinking and review three policy episodes related to the lack of recursive thinking. We see that the disciplinary divide or the limited scope of recursive thinking on the side of policymakers can cause huge damage to social welfare in times of crisis. Finally, we consider two examples of future agendas in the recursive approach.
Brain Tumor Segmentation from 3D MRI Scans Using U-Net
Authors: Montaha Sidratul , Azam Sami , Rakibul Haque Rafid A. K. M. , Hasan Md. Zahid , Karim Asif 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA fully automated system based on three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for brain tumor segmentation could be a diagnostic aid to clinical specialists, as manual segmentation is challenging, arduous, tedious and error prone. Employing 3D convolutions requires large computational cost and memory capacity. This study proposes a fully automated approach using 2D U-net architecture on BraTS2020 dataset to extract tumor regions from healthy tissue. All the MRI sequences are experimented with the model to determine for which sequence optimal performance is achieved. After normalization and rescaling, using optimizer Adam with learning rate 0.001 on T1 MRI sequence, we get an accuracy of 99.41% and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 93%, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. The model is further trained with different hyper-parameters to assess the robustness and performance consistency.
Detection of Arrhythmia Heartbeats from ECG Signal Using Wavelet Transform-Based CNN Model
Authors: pandey Saroj Kumar , Shukla Anupam , Bhatia Surbhi , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Kumar Ankit , Mashat Arwa , Shah Mohd Asif , Janghel Rekh Ram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn India, over 25,000 people have died from cardiovascular annually over the past 4 years , and over 28,000 in the previous 3 years. Most of the deaths nowadays are mainly due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Arrhythmia is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Arrhythmia is a condition in which the heartbeat is abnormally fast or slow. The current detection method for diseases is analyzing by the electrocardiogram (ECG), a medical monitoring technique that records heart activity. Since actuations in ECG signals are so slight that they cannot be seen by the human eye, the identification of cardiac arrhythmias is one of the most difficult undertakings. Unfortunately, it takes a lot of medical time and money to find professionals to examine a large amount of ECG data . As a result, machine learning-based methods have become increasingly prevalent for recognizing ECG features. In this work, we classify five different heartbeats using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database . Wavelet self-adaptive thresholding methods are used to first denoise the ECG signal. Then, an efficient 12-layer deep 1D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is introduced for better features extraction, and finally, SoftMax and machine learning classifiers are applied to classify the heartbeats. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 99.40%, precision of 98.78%, recall of 98.78%, and F1 score of 98.74%, which clearly show that it outperforms with the exiting model . Architecture of proposed work is simple but effective in remote cardiac diagnosis paradigm that can be implemented on e-health devices.
Testing and evaluation of the structural performance of a 3D-printed polylactic acid aircraft wing rib
Authors: Dogea Ramona , Yan Xiu T. , Millar Richard 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the structural performance of a 3D-printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) wing rib structure that is integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) sensory capabilities for application in an Industry 4.0 ecosystem. Both finite element analysis and experimental testing were employed to assess the strain distribution in the structure under various loading conditions and testing setups. The Taguchi approach was utilized to identify the physical factors and their interactions that have a significant impact on the strain distribution in the structure. The findings indicate that the bending load versus strain curve is highly influenced by the applied load position and wing rib cut-out locations, while the structural performance is also highly dependent on torsion. The incorporation of sensory locations with covers improved the component’s ability to withstand traction load and resulted in a 61% reduction in corresponding strain. The most significant factor during bending tests was identified as the applied load, along with the interactions between the load location and crosshead speed of the testing machine.
Digital economy and wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers
Authors: Yang Gongyan , Yao Shujie , Dong Xinran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of digital economy development on the wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database in 2010–2020. The research results suggest that the higher the level of digital economy development, the larger the wage gap between high- and low-skilled workers. Some mediating mechanisms are identified and tested from the perspectives of the reaction of human labor to the development of digital economy: the labor misallocation and the mismatch between technologies and skills of workforce. The latter is represented by the response of workers to the risk of being replaced by machines, implying that high-skilled workers use the Internet to improve their abilities more than their low-skilled counterparts to cope with the substitution effect brought about by digital economic progress. The findings in this paper have important policy implications in the sense that governments at different levels should play an important role in assisting digital economy development in favor of the social disadvantaged groups, particularly the low-skilled workers in the labor market.
Guidance on selecting a translational framework for intervention development: Optimizing interventions for impact
Authors: Guastaferro Kate , Pfammatter Angela F. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Intervention development frameworks offer the behavioral sciences a systematic and rigorous empirical process to guide the translation of basic science into practice in pursuit of desirable public health and clinical outcomes. The multiple frameworks that have emerged share a goal of optimization during intervention development and can increase the likelihood of arriving at an effective and disseminable intervention. Yet, the process of optimizing an intervention differs functionally and conceptually across frameworks, creating confusion and conflicting guidance on when and how to optimize. This paper seeks to facilitate the use of translational intervention development frameworks by providing a blueprint for selecting and using a framework by considering the process of optimization as conceptualized by each. First, we operationalize optimization and contextualize its role in intervention development. Next, we provide brief overviews of three translational intervention development frameworks (ORBIT, MRC, and MOST), identifying areas of overlap and divergence thereby aligning core concepts across the frameworks to improve translation. We offer considerations and concrete use cases for investigators seeking to identify and use a framework in their intervention development research. We push forward an agenda of a norm to use and specify frameworks in behavioral science to support a more rapid translational pipeline.
Refugia or reservoir? Feral goats and their role in the maintenance and circulation of benzimidazole-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes on shared pastures
Authors: Francis Emily Kate , Šlapeta Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal nematodes threaten the productivity of grazing livestock and anthelmintic resistance has emerged globally. It is broadly understood that wild ruminants living in sympatry with livestock act as a positive source of refugia for anthelmintic-susceptible nematodes. However, they might also act as reservoirs of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes, contributing to the spread of anthelmintic resistance at a regional scale. Here, we sampled managed sheep and cattle together with feral goats within the same property in New South Wales, Australia. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) nemabiome metabarcoding identified 12 gastrointestinal nematodes (Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Nematodirus spathiger, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus rugatus). Isotype-1 β-tubulin metabarcoding targeting benzimidazole resistance polymorphisms identified 6 of these nematode species (C. oncophora, C. punctata, H. contortus, H. placei, O. ostertagi and T. circumcincta), with the remaining 3 genera unable to be identified to the species level (Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus). Both ITS-2 and β-tubulin metabarcoding showed the presence of a cryptic species of T. circumcincta, known from domestic goats in France. Of the gastrointestinal nematodes detected via β-tubulin metabarcoding, H. contortus, T. circumcincta, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus exhibited the presence of at least one resistance genotype. We found that generalist gastrointestinal nematodes in untreated feral goats had a similarly high frequency of the benzimidazole-resistant F200Y polymorphism as those nematodes in sheep and cattle. This suggests cross-transmission and maintenance of the resistant genotype within the wild ruminant population, affirming that wild ruminants should be considered potential reservoirs of anthelmintic resistance.
Neglected Tropical Diseases in Italy: introducing IN-NTD, the Italian network for NTDs
Authors: Casulli Adriano , Antinori Spinello , Bartoloni Alessandro , D'Amelio Stefano , Gabrielli Albis Francesco , Gazzoli Giovanni , Rinaldi Laura , Bruschi Fabrizio ,   IN-NTD network
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as a diverse group of primarily infectious diseases, which disproportionately affect poor and marginalized populations worldwide. In this context, NTDs are responsible for important morbidity and mortality and justify a global response. Moreover, NTDs are relatively neglected by research and development as well as by funding, if compared with the magnitude of the public health problem they represent. This happens even though, unlike other infectious diseases, they can be prevented, controlled and eliminated by targeted public health interventions. NTDs are mainly prevalent in communities from low-income countries in tropical and sub-tropical areas but are also present in upper–middle-income countries, including several in Europe. Here, we provide an update on the most relevant parasitic endemic or imported NTDs in Italy and illustrate the rationale for the establishment of the Italian network on NTDs, an alliance of scientific societies, institutes, foundations, universities and non-profit organizations united to fight NTDs.
Effectiveness of a text-messaging intervention on intuitive eating: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Manana Batoul , El-Jor Claire , Abi Kharma Joelle , Zeeni Nadine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntuitive eating (IE) is a concept based on mind–body integration of instinct, emotion and rational thought, to improve eating behaviours, physical and mental health. Several attempts were developed to teach IE principles including text-messaging interventions given that they are easy to implement and low cost.Objective:The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a 5-week text message-based IE intervention on IE, while correcting for perceived stress (PS) and self-compassion (SC).Design:A randomised controlled trial.Setting:Online, in Lebanon.Participants:Adults (n 195) were randomised into one of three groups: the active IE group receiving IE-related messages with a practice exercise, the passive IE group receiving only IE-related messages and the control group receiving general health-related tips. Ten messages were delivered over 5 weeks. Two follow-ups were made: directly post-intervention and 7 weeks later. Baseline data and follow-ups included demographics, nutrition-related variables and measures of IE, SC and PS.Results:Results indicated improvements in IE scores in the two intervention groups (P = 0·05), with the passive IE group showing the most improvement. Also, a significant improvement in SC (Λ = 0·88, F (2, 63) = 4·40, P = 0·01) and reduction in PS (Λ = 0·86, F (2, 63) = 5·21, P = 0·008) were observed in the active IE group.Conclusion:Text-messaging interventions might be efficient in enhancing IE. Results shed light on the need for further large-scale interventions that use visual aids and provide practical guidance to teach IE, while further characterising the relation between IE, SC and stress.