bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced-order particle-in-cell simulations of a high-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster
Authors: Reza M , Faraji F , Knoll A , Piragino A , Andreussi T , Misuri T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-power magnetically shielded Hall thrusters have emerged in recent years to meet the needs of the next-generation on-orbit servicing and exploration missions. Even though a few such thrusters are currently undergoing their late-stage development and qualification campaigns, many unanswered questions yet exist concerning the behavior and evolution of the plasma in these large-size thrusters that feature an unconventional magnetic field topology. Noting the complex, multi-dimensional nature of plasma processes in Hall thrusters, high-fidelity particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are optimal tools to study the intricate plasma behavior. Nonetheless, the significant computational cost of traditional multi-dimensional PIC schemes renders simulating the high-power thrusters without any physics-altering speed-up factors unfeasible. The novel reduced-order ‘quasi-2D’ PIC scheme enables a significant reduction in the computational cost requirement of the PIC simulations. Thus, in this article, we demonstrate the applicability of the reduced-order PIC for a cost-efficient, self-consistent study of the physics in high-power Hall thrusters by performing simulations of a 20 kW-class magnetically shielded Hall thruster along the axial-azimuthal and radial-azimuthal coordinates. The axial-azimuthal quasi-2D simulations are performed for three operating conditions in a rather simplified representation of the thruster’s inherently 3D configuration. Nevertheless, we have resolved self-consistently an unprecedented 650 µs of the discharge evolution without any ad-hoc electron mobility model, capturing several breathing cycles and approximating the experimental performance parameters with an accuracy of 70%–80% across the operating conditions. The radial-azimuthal simulations, carried out at three cross-sections corresponding to different axial locations within the discharge channel, have casted further light on the evolution of the azimuthal instabilities and the resulting variations in the electrons’ cross-field mobility and the plasma-wall interactions. Particularly, we observed the development of a long-wavelength, relatively low-frequency wave mode near the exit plane of the thruster’s channel that induces a notable electron transport and a significant ion heating.
Degradation mechanism differences between TiN- and TaN-electrode HZO-based FeRAMs analyzed by current mechanism fitting
Authors: Yeh Yu-Hsuan , Chen Wen-Chung , Chang Ting-Chang , Tan Yung-Fang , Wu Chung-Wei , Zhang Yong-Ci , Lee Ya-Huan , Lin Chao Cheng , Huang Hui-Chun , Sze Simon M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the difference in electrical performance and reliability arising from using either titanium nitride (TiN) or tantalum nitride (TaN) as the electrode in ferroelectric random access memories. Because the lattice constant of TaN is better matched to HZO, the TaN-electrode device exhibits better characteristic. However, the leakage of TaN-electrode device increases significantly after wake up. To figure out this phenomenon, current fitting is implemented. According to the fitting results of conduction mechanisms, the existence of oxygen vacancies in the TaN-electrode device provides a reliable explanation to propose models to clarify the degradation mechanisms observed from the TiN- and TaN-electode devices.
Study and simulation of the effects of geometry and materials on the detection potential of tapered fiber sensors
Authors: Adouane Azzedine , Ghoumazi Mehdi , Bouchaour Mounir , Guermat Abdelhak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we have proposed three types of taper structures called L.C.C (L : linear, C : concave and C : convex) that form at the end of the optical fibers in order to use them for detection in order to improve the formation of evanescence waves on the surface of the fiber We studied on these three types of structure four materials such as: silicon (Si), glass (SiO2), sapphire (Al2O3) and zircon (ZrSiO4) with refractive indices 1.45, 1.52, 1.77 and 1.92, respectively. First, three tapered shaped structures were designed with a length ‘L’ set at 50 μm and a diameter ‘D’ equal to 10 μm. Then, they shrink to 1 μm in diameter ‘from the end of their structures. We used an optical DC source with a power amplitude of 1 Vm−1. We also simulated these ‘L.C.C’ structures with the OptiFDTD simulation software, which is based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The numerical results obtained are: the transverse electric (TE) distribution of the evanescent wave (EW) and the leakage wave (LW) from the left end of the tip for the proposed taper structures. Finally, we presented the transmission. The results obtained showed that the geometric shape (such as the shape of the taper structure) and the type of material (such as the refractive index ‘n’) are very important. These play a crucial role in creating the evanescent waves in the tapered region of the sensor for sensing, which can be used to demonstrate the application of the desired sensor.
Entanglement masquerading in the CMB
Authors: Adil Arsalan , Albrecht Andreas , Baunach Rose , Holman R. , Ribeiro Raquel H. , Richard Benoit J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The simplest single-field inflation models capture all the relevant contributions to the
patterns in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observed today. A key assumption in these
models is that the quantum inflationary fluctuations that source such patterns are generated by a
particular quantum state — the Bunch-Davies (BD) state. While this is a well-motivated choice
from a theoretical perspective, the question arises of whether current data can rule out other,
also well motivated, choices of states. In particular, as we previously demonstrated
in [1], entanglement is naturally and inevitably dynamically generated
during inflation given the presence of a “rolling” spectator scalar field — and the resulting
entangled state will yield a primordial power spectrum with potentially measurable deviations
compared to the canonical BD result. For this work we developed a perturbative framework to allow
a systematic exploration of constraints on (or detection of) entangled states with Planck CMB data
using Monte Carlo techniques. We have found that most entangled states accessible with our
framework are consistent with the data. One would have to expand the framework to allow a greater
variety of entangled states in order to saturate the Planck constraints and more systematically
explore any preferences the data may have among the different possibilities.
Birth of baby universes from gravitational collapse in a modified-gravity scenario
Authors: Masó-Ferrando Andreu , Sanchis-Gual Nicolas , Font José A. , Olmo Gonzalo J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider equilibrium models of spherical boson stars in Palatinif(ℛ) = ℛ +ξℛ2gravity and study their collapse when perturbed. The Einstein-Klein-Gordon system is solved using a recently established correspondence in an Einstein frame representation. We find that, in that frame, the endpoint is a nonrotating black hole surrounded by a quasi-stationary cloud of scalar field. However, the dynamics in thef(ℛ) frame is dramatically different. The innermost region of the collapsing object exhibits the formation of a finite-size, exponentially-expandingbaby universeconnected with the outer (parent) universe via a minimal area surface (a throat or umbilical cord). Our simulations indicate that this surface is at all times hidden inside a horizon, causally disconnecting the baby universe from observers above the horizon. The implications of our findings in other areas of gravitational physics are also discussed.
More on half-wormholes and ensemble averages
Authors: Tian Jia , Yang Yingyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe continue our studyHalf-Wormholes and Ensemble Averagesabout the half-wormhole proposal. By generalizing the original proposal of the half-wormhole, we propose a new way to detect half-wormholes. The crucial idea is to decompose the observables into self-averaged sectors and non-self-averaged sectors. We find the contributions from different sectors have interesting statistics in the semi-classical limit. In particular, dominant sectors tend to condense and the condensation explains the emergence of half-wormholes and we expect that the appearance of condensation is a signal of possible bulk description. We also initiate the study of multi-linked half-wormholes using our approach.
Revisiting p-11B fusion cross section and reactivity, and their analytic approximations
Authors: Tentori Alessandro , Belloni Fabio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Proton-boron fusion is experiencing a renewed interest as a possible energy source. The reaction is aneutronic and does not involve radioactive species. It has recently been induced by means of high-power lasers. Ignition of H-11B fuel, however, remains challenging because of the low reactivity and high radiative losses of the plasma at temperatures attainable in present-day fusion devices. Ideal ignition has been demonstrated only lately (and marginally), thanks to revisited cross section data. Reliable, agreed and fit-for-use cross section and reactivity data remain indispensable for further progress in the field. We propose a reference p-11B fusion cross section up to 10 MeV, mostly on the basis of recent measurements. We have developed an analytic approximation for the cross section and, through that, calculated the thermal reactivity. We also provide an analytic approximation for the reactivity, in the temperature range 10–500 keV, which is intended to update that of Nevins and Swain (2000 Nucl. Fusion
40 865), generally taken as a reference. Above 30 keV, our reactivity is substantially higher than that of Nevins and Swain. The gap increases with temperature, reaching e.g. 12% at 100 keV and 50% at 500 keV. Considering also the suprathermal contribution elicited by the fusion-born α’s, we anticipate a potential 50% increase already at 300 keV. Such a higher reactivity is expected to appreciably relax the ideal ignition temperature of H-11B fuel.
Correlation between magnetic and dielectric anomalies arising due to spin-chain arrangements in the paramagnetic phase of 1D Ca3Co1.9Bi0.1O6
Authors: Bisht Gajendra Singh , Pal D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We showed that the ferromagnetic correlation extended far into what was thought to be the paramagnetic phase for pristine Ca3Co2O6 in our Bi-substituted compound and found a correlation between magnetic and dielectric anomaly in this region. We have observed enhancement of dielectric property (dielectric constant 200 with a loss factor 0.01 at 1 MHz), which is attributed to the high ionic polarizability of Bi. The dielectric response curve indicates two stages in the relaxation process, which is confirmed by the two peaks in the loss tangent (tanδ) plot. Higher relaxation time (8.9 × 10−10 s) obtained from analyzing the dielectric response curve using Arrhenius law suggested a collective dielectric relaxation process in this system.
Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Studies of Flower Shaped Fe3O4@Bi2S3 core shell Hierarchical Structure
Authors: khamari S. , Mohapatra N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we have successfully synthesized the Fe3O4@Bi2S3 core shell hierarchical by a simple and quick sono chemical method. The structural and morphological studies of the prepared core shell structure show presence of single phase with flower shaped like structure. The crystalline grain size of prepared core shell structure is obtained as ∼16 nm from the Scherrer’s equation. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy study and IV characterization of the synthesized core shell material is performed to investigate its optical and electrical behavior. The RAMAN analysis exhibits its crystal orientation, phase and binding energy of these synthesized structure. The magnetic characterization of the core shell nanostructure shows a superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 33.5emu/gm at 5K temperature. These prepared core shell structures may act as promising material for broad spectral photo detection, optoelectronic devices and energy storage application.
Modulating via External Electric Field an Electronic Band Gaps in 2D 1T-PdS2 monolayer
Authors: Raval Dhara , Gupta S. K. , Gajjar P. N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have examined structural stability and electronics properties of 2D 1T-PdS2 monolayer within the Density Functional Theory (DFT). 1T-PdS2 monolayer has indirect narrow band gap of 1.16 eV along the wave vector path of Γ-M-K-Γ in first Brillouin zone. The positive phonon dispersion curves at gamma point confirmed the dynamic stability of the 1T-PdS2 monolayer. Under the external electric field

E
→

effect, the diverting nature has seen in the electronic band gaps within the intensity span of -5.0 V/Å to +5.0 V/Å along ±Z-direction. Hence, we could modulate the band gaps of semiconductor by applying external electric field, which is helpful for band engineering application. In this way, the semiconductor 2D 1T-PdS2 monolayer is capable candidate for nanoelectronics devices.
Tunable Physical Properties of VSe2 hexagonal disks
Authors: Das S , Mohapatra N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) belonging to the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials have received a great deal of research interest over the past few decades due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties as compared to their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. Magnetism in reduced dimensions, such as in 2D materials, is an underexplored phenomenon, though it has potential for numerous applications, including the fabrication of memory devices and spintronics devices. In this work, we report the structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization of hexagonal disks of VSe2 prepared by the hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological characterization confirms the formation of hexagonal disks of 1T-VSe2. The magnetic measurements show that hexagonal VSe2 is paramagnetic in the entire range of this study, from 5–300 K, with an S–type isothermal magnetization behavior at low temperatures. The field cooling (FC) data collected at an applied magnetic field of 0.5T reveals a hump at a temperature of 118 K, which can be correlated to the charge density wave (CDW) transition point. The increase in CDW transition temperature from 107 K (bulk) to 118 K indicates a decrease in VSe2 thickness. The detailed analysis shows a tunability in the physical properties of VSe2 with its thickness.
Schottky and Frenkel Defect on SbS2 Monolayer: First Principles Calculations
Authors: Vala Maulesh D , Bhatt Malhar , Kansara Shivam , Sonvane Yogesh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we have analyzed the electronic properties and formation energy of the SbS2 monolayer with Frenkel and Schottky defects using first principle calculations. The variation in the electronic properties, such as the electronic band structure and Density of States (DOS) for SbS2 monolayer with Frenkel and Schottky defects, has been observed in this paper. Monolayer and structure with Schottky defects in SbS2 show metallic behaviour, whereas the Frenkel defect of SbS2 shows a small direct and indirect bandgap of 24 meV and 8 meV, respectively. The DOSs help us to study the behaviour of orbitals in the systems. Due to the narrow bandgap of SbS2 in the Frenkel defect, it can be promising material in nano-electronics devices.
Structural and Electrical Transport Properties of Sputter-Deposited SiC Thin Films
Authors: Alisha  , Chander P , Malik V K , Chandra R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the present study, SiC films are fabricated by a cost-effective and simple approach of RF magnetron sputtering. The fabrication of SiC thin films is carried out at 900 °C in 5mT Ar atmosphere at 150W power. Thus, the thin films are produced at lower temperature and toxic free environment than conventional methods. The structural characterizations of thin films are performed using XRD, XPS, FE-SEM and EDS techniques. A Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) junction is fabricated using gold electrodes by shadow sputtering in point contact geometry. The electrical transport properties of the SiC thin film are analyzed using Current-voltage (I-V) and Capacitance-Voltage-Frequency (C-V-F) measurements. The anomalous peaks observed in C-V characteristics and non-ideal behavior of I-V characteristics provide important information about electronic properties and structural aspects of fabricated thin film.
Observation of magnetodielectric effects in Nd0.5Dy0.5FeO3 thin film and its utilization in microstripline based resonator circuit
Authors: Chander P , Singh A , Alisha  , Pathak N P , Malik V K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nd0.5Dy0.5FeO3 epitaxial thin film grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique shows a significant magnetodielectric effect. At 100 K, a variation of around 13% in relative permittivity is observed at frequencies higher than 2 MHz in the presence of 5 T. This variation in relative permittivity (ε΄) increases to about 50% at 2 K. To utilize the observed magnetodielectric effect, we have designed the microstripline based resonator circuit using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Simulations are performed for the two values of the real part of permittivity (in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field) to observe the magnetic field tunability of the resonance frequency. A shift of 27% is observed in the resonant frequency of the microstripline based resonator on Nd0.5Dy0.5FeO3 epitaxial thin film.
Rice leaf disease detection based on bidirectional feature attention pyramid network with YOLO v5 model
Authors: Kumar V Senthil , Jaganathan M , Viswanathan A , Umamaheswari M , Vignesh J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To ensure higher quality, capacity, and production of rice, it is vital to diagnose rice leaf disease in its early stage in order to decrease the usage of pesticides in agriculture which in turn avoids environmental damage. Hence, this article presents a Multi-scale YOLO v5 detection network to detect and classify the rice crop disease in its early stage. The experiment is initially started by pre-processing the rice leaf images obtained from the RLD dataset, after which data set labels are created, which are then divided into train and test sets. DenseNet-201 is used as the backbone network and depth-aware instance segmentation is used to segment the different regions of rice leaf. Moreover, the proposed Bidirectional Feature Attention Pyramid Network (Bi-FAPN) is used for extracting the features from the segmented image and also enhances the detection of diseases with different scales. Furthermore, the feature maps are identified in the detection head, where the anchor boxes are then applied to the output feature maps to produce the final output vectors by the YOLO v5 network. The subset of channels or filters is pruned from different layers of deep neural network models through the principled pruning approach without affecting the full framework performance. The experiments are conducted with RLD dataset with different existing networks to verify the generalization ability of the proposed model. The effectiveness of the network is evaluated based on various parameters in terms of average precision, accuracy, average recall, IoU, inference time, and F1 score, which are achieved at 82.8, 94.87, 75.81, 0.71, 0.017, and 92.45 respectively.
Incorporation of tungsten or cobalt into TaN barrier layers controls morphology of deposited copper
Authors: Nies Cara-Lena , Nolan Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Progress in semiconductor devices, which has enabled the information and communications technology explosion of the 21st century, has been driven by Moore’s Law and the accompanying aggressive scaling of transistors. However, it is now acknowledged that the currently used copper interconnects are becoming a bottleneck in sub-nm scaling. Semiconductor devices require a diffusion barrier and a seed layer in the volume available to the interconnect metal. This then limits the minimum size of the interconnect and copper suffers from a preference to form 3D islands which are non-conducting rather than conducting films. Therefore there is a pressing need to either replace copper, which has its own difficulties, or to reduce the volume taken up by the diffusion barrier and liner; ideally finding a single material displaying both properties is needed. We have previously shown that incorporation of Ru into the surface layer of TaN is a strong alternative to the usual TaN/Ta or TaN/Ru stacks. In this work we study other possible metals that can be incorporated into TaN, namely Co and W, which are less expensive and critical than Ru and can potentially outperform it. Our first principles density functional theory results from static relaxations and ab initio molecular dynamics show that there are several compositions of both Co- and W-doped TaN which should promote growth of 2D copper interconnects without compromising the barrier properties of TaN. With this selection of materials it should be possible to design new experimental processes that promote downscaled copper interconnects for the next generation of electronic devices. Additionally, our work presents an improved method towards prediction of thin film morphology on a given substrate, which can be of use for a variety of materials science applications.
A systematic review of measures of ability to meet basic needs in older persons
Authors: Williams Taryn , Geffen Leon , Kalula Sebastiana , Stein Dan J , Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan Jotheeswaran , Mikton Christopher , Diaz Theresa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
The ability of older persons to meet their basic needs (i.e. personal, financial and housing security), as well as to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL), is crucial. It is unclear, however, whether such measures exist. This systematic review aimed to review English-language measures of the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs, and to critically review the comprehensiveness of these measures and their psychometric properties.

Methods
Fifteen electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCOhost and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies of measures that assessed the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs, as defined by the World Health Organization. Two review authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion in the review and evaluated their comprehensiveness and psychometrics.

Results
We found seven instruments from 62 studies that assessed multi-domain function including ADL and some elements of basic needs. The instruments varied in breadth and in reporting of key psychometric criteria. Further, no single instrument provided a comprehensive assessment of the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs.

Conclusion
No single instrument that measures the ability to meet basic needs was identified by this review. Further research is needed to develop an instrument that assesses the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs. This measure should include an evaluation of ADL.