bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is trustworthiness?
Authors: Kelp Christoph , Simion Mona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a novel, bifocal account of trustworthiness according to which both trustworthinesssimpliciter(as in ‘Ann is trustworthy’) and trustworthiness tophi(as in ‘Ann is trustworthy when it comes to keeping your secrets’) are analysed in terms of dispositions to fulfil one's obligations. We also offer a systematic account of the relation between the two types of trustworthiness, an account of degrees of trustworthiness and comparative trustworthiness, as well as a view of permissible trustworthiness attribution.
Regulatory module WRKY33‐ATL31‐IRT1 mediates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Tong Chenchen , Cao Lei , Zheng Pengpeng , Tang Xiaofeng , Wang Lihuan , Miao Min , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Shuqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants among heavy metals, and threatens food safety and human health by accumulating in plant sink tissues. Here, we report a novel regulatory cascade that profoundly influences Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis. Phenotypic analysis showed that an insertional knockdown mutation at the Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura 31 (ATL31) locus resulted in hypersensitivity to Cd stress, most likely due to a significant increase in Cd accumulation. Consistently, ATL31‐overexpressing lines exhibited enhanced Cd stress tolerance and reduced Cd accumulation. Further, IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) was identified, and yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated its interaction with ATL31. Biochemical, molecular, and genetic analyses showed that IRT1 is targeted by ATL31 for ubiquitin‐conjugated degradation in response to Cd stress. Intriguingly, transcription of ATL31 was strongly induced by Cd stress. In addition, transgenic and molecular analyses showed that WRKY33 directly activated the transcription of ATL31 in response to Cd stress and positively regulated Cd tolerance. Genetic analysis indicated that ATL31 acts upstream of IRT1 and downstream of WRKY33 to regulate Cd tolerance. Our study revealed that the WRKY33‐ATL31‐IRT1 module plays a crucial role in timely blocking Cd absorption to prevent metal toxicity in Arabidopsis.
Dynamic incentives for sustainable contract farming
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Long , Zolghadr Mohammad , Jian Dawei , ElHafsi Mohsen 
Published: February 2023

The rise of contract farming has transformed millions of farmers' lives. We study a new class of contract farming problems, where the farmer holds superior information and can invest effort to improve productivity over time. Despite their prevalence, the literature offers little guidance on how to manage such farmers with dynamic incentives. We build a game‐theoretic model that captures the dynamic incentives of learning and gaming, with hidden action and information. We characterize the optimal contract: it internalizes both the vertical and intertemporal externalities, with performance pay and deferred payment; the performance pay is to motivate the farmer to invest and improve the relationship‐specific productivity; the deferred payment is to ensure that the farmer is willing to share information and behave honestly over time. Even with random yield, the optimal contract can still have a simple implementation of a yield‐adjusted revenue‐sharing policy. Using real data, we show that the learning effect is significant. We then quantify when and how contract farming can improve smallholder farmers' productivity and income, creating shared value. We find when buyers have a long‐term perspective and can internalize the benefit of farmer improvement, they will pay higher prices to ensure farmers' long‐term viability. Our results inform the policy debate on contract farming: traditional procompetitive policies (based on spot transactions) can be counterproductive for modern agrifood value chains, hurting both buyers and farmers.
Task context dissociates the FN400 and the N400
Authors: Bader Regine , Tarantini Luca , Mecklinger Axel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn event‐related potential studies, familiarity‐based recognition has been associated with the FN400, that is, more positive‐going waveforms for old items than new items 300–500 ms post‐stimulus onset, maximal at frontal electrodes. We tested the proposition that the FN400 reflects the attribution of unexpected processing fluency to familiarity. This implies that the FN400 is greater when fluency is less expected, that is, for less familiar stimuli. Moreover, the FN400 should be modulated by the goal of remembering and only elicited when fluency is correctly attributed to the past, that is, by correct old responses in recognition memory tests. In the absence of a retrieval task, enhanced fluency for repeated items should be associated with an N400 attenuation as no episodic attribution takes place. In an incidental study‐test design with words of low and high life‐time familiarity, participants made pleasantness judgments for half of the studied words. The other half re‐appeared in a recognition test. Only in the latter task, participants had the goal of remembering. As both tasks included also new words, we could compare old/new effects under conditions in which both effects are driven by increased fluency for repeated words. We did not find the expected differences in the FN400 for low vs. high life‐time familiarity items. However, as expected, we found a frontally distributed FN400 in the recognition test whereas the old/new effect in the pleasantness task resembled an N400 effect. This supports the view that the FN400 occurs when fluency is attributed to familiarity during a recognition decision.
Remittances in Russia and Caucasus and Central Asia: The gravity model
Authors: Poghosyan Tigran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRemittances are an important source of external financing in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This paper uses the gravity model to analyze remittance flows in Russia and Caucasus and Central Asia countries. Standard gravity determinants, such as gross domestic product in sending and receiving countries, bilateral distance, existence of common borders and common official language, and fit remittance, flow well. Remittances also react to inflation and exchange rate movements in recipient countries to sustain their purchasing power. In line with the altruism hypothesis, remittances flow to countries with higher age dependency ratio. Remittances are countercyclical and help stabilize outputs in recipient countries. However, global shocks resulting in sharp output losses of sending countries would lead to large volatility and decline in remittance inflows in recipient countries.
Competition and Justice in Adam Smith
Authors: Jütten Timo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes the relationship between competition and justice in Adam Smith in order to determine to what extent competition can promote and undermine justice. I examine how competition features in two basic motivations for human action, “the propensity to truck barter and exchange,” and “the desire of bettering our condition.” Both can be traced back to the desire for recognition, but they operate in very different ways. The former manifests itself in social cooperation, chiefly commercial exchange and the division of labor, and while it can take a competitive form, competitive success produces benefits for everyone. In contrast, the latter may manifest itself in win‐lose social competition. Commercial society harnesses both motivations, and both have negative as well as positive effects. However, while Smith explicitly addresses the negative effects of excessive specialization in the division of labor, it is less clear how he thinks the negative effects of social competition can be addressed. I argue that competition can undermine justice when (i) it pits people against each other and (ii) leads to psychological corruption. I conclude with some reflections on what a focus on competition adds to our understanding of Smith's work.
Treatment of corneal ulceration and bullous keratopathy using a nictitating membrane flap in two horses
Authors: Burn Jessica B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe placement of a nictitating membrane flap as a treatment for corneal ulceration and bullous keratopathy in two horses.Animals StudiedA 13‐year‐old American Saddlebred mare presented for severe corneal edema, superficial stromal ulceration, and a central bulla of the left eye. A 4‐year‐old Trakhener stallion also presented with a large axial bulla of the left eye with concurrent severe corneal edema and a deep stromal ulcer.ProcedureA complete ophthalmic examination was performed. Samples were obtained for corneal cytology, and both horses were started on aggressive medical therapy. Both underwent general anesthesia for placement of a nictitating membrane flap and a subpalpebral lavage system (SPLS).ResultsCorneal cytology for each horse revealed a mixed bacterial population. Moderate Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the mare, while Aspergillus species and a few Enterococcus gallinarum were cultured from the stallion. The bullae in both horses resolved at 3 and 4 weeks and vision returned in the affected eye 4.5 and 3 months postoperatively at the last follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionAggressive medical management with concurrent placement of a nictitating membrane flap is effective to treat bullous keratopathy in two horses. The described treatments could be used to treat horses that develop severe or progressive bullous corneal lesions.
Epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las angiectasias gastrointestinales
Authors: Molineros Barón Camilo , Roa Ballestas Paola Andrea 
Published: February 2023

Las angiectasias son las malformaciones vasculares mas comunes en el tracto gastrointestinal en la población general. Hasta el momento, la patogénesis de este tipo de malformaciones vasculares no ha esclarecida totalmente. Su incidencia ha venido en aumento debido a la mayor disponibilidad de métodos diagnósticos en gastroenterología, principalmente la videocápsula endoscópica (VCE) y la enteroscopia profunda asistida para el estudio del intestino delgado.
La terapia endoscópica es la estrategia de tratamiento inicial más efectiva, sin embargo existen otras alternativas terapéuticas como lo son la terapia farmacológica, la angiografía más embolización selectiva o la resección quirúrgica.
Microfluidic Transport in Ternary Liquid Layers Due to Sinusoidal Thermocapillary Actuation
Authors: Agrawal Shubham , Das Prasanta K. , Dhar Purbarun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The large-scale applicability of the micro- and nanofluidic devices demands continuous technological advancements in the transport mechanisms, especially to promptly mix the analytes and reagents at such a small scale. To this end, thermocapillarity-induced Marangoni hydrodynamics of three-layered, immiscible fluid streams in a microchannel is analytically explored. The system is exposed to periodic and sinusoidal thermal stimuli, and a theoretical framework is presented. The diffusion of the periodic thermal stimuli across and along the fluidic interfaces creates axial surface tension gradients, which induce vortical motion of the participating fluids within the microconduit. We show that depending on the physical parameters of the three participating fluids, such vortex patterns may be fine-tuned and controlled to obtain desired transport behavior. An analytical solution for the thermal and the hydrodynamic transport phenomena is obtained by solving the momentum and energy conservation equations under the umbrella of creeping flow characteristics (very low Reynolds and thermal Marangoni numbers), and nearly undeformed fluid interfaces (negligibly small Capillary number). The approximate profiles of the deformed interfaces are also quantified theoretically to justify the assumption of flat and undeformed interfaces. The independent influence of crucial thermophysical properties, the microchannel system parameters, and features of the applied thermal stimuli are shown in detail for a fixed combination of other parameters.
Challenges and Innovations of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management Under Extreme Conditions: A Review
Authors: Liu Siyi , Zhang Guangsheng , Wang Chao-Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Thermal management is critical for safety, performance, and durability of lithium-ion batteries that are ubiquitous in consumer electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), aerospace, and grid-scale energy storage. Toward mass adoption of EVs globally, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used under extreme conditions including low temperatures, high temperatures, and fast charging. Furthermore, EV fires caused by battery thermal runaway have become a major hurdle to the wide adoption of EVs. These extreme conditions pose great challenges for thermal management and require unconventional strategies. The interactions between thermal, electrochemical, materials, and structural characteristics of batteries further complicate the challenges, but they also enable opportunities for developing innovative strategies of thermal management. In this review, the challenges for thermal management under extreme conditions are analyzed. Then, the progress is highlighted in two directions. One direction is improving battery thermal management systems based on the principles of heat transfer, which are generally external to Li-ion cells. The other direction is designing novel battery structures, which are generally internal of Li-ion cells such as smart batteries with embedded sensors and actuators. The latter approach could greatly simplify or even eliminate the need for battery thermal management under extreme conditions. New research integrating these two approaches is recommended.
Development of a Novel Perturbation Platform System for Balance Response Testing and Rehabilitation Interventions
Authors: Pew Corey A. , Sadeh Soroosh , Hsiao Hao-Yuan , Neptune Richard R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBalance perturbations are often used to gain insight into reactive control strategies used to prevent falls. We developed a perturbation platform system (PPS) that can induce perturbations in both vertical and angled directions. The PPS was evaluated using human subject testing to verify its function and performance. The final system consisted of two box platforms that can individually perform vertical and angled surface perturbations. Following a perturbation, the system can automatically reset for the next iteration under the weight of the standing participant. The PPS achieves a peak downward acceleration of 4.4 m/s2 during drop events that simulate sudden surface changes. The experimental testing revealed that the perturbation induced a peak limb loading of 280 ± 38% of body weight (BW) during vertical drops and that participants' center of mass displacements were consistent with previous balance studies evaluating vertical perturbations. The system can be used in a laboratory or clinical setting to better understand balance response and control mechanisms and assist in rehabilitation training to improve balance control and help mitigate the incidence of falls.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Particle Deposition on Human Lung Dynamic: A Comparison Between the Healthy and Fibrotic Lung
Authors: Carotenuto Carlo , Scurani Letizia , Fontanili Luca , Montorsi Luca , Milani Massimo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe lung is the human organ mainly affected by the severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this pathology, the dynamic lung function and the respiratory mechanics are compromised, leading to the development of the ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). The resulting damage is the progressive reduction of gas exchange and death in the most critical patients. For these reasons, it is important to study and analyze how this virus adversely affects lung dynamics. The main objective of the present paper proposes a modeling method of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles spread in the 23rd generation of lung tree and the mechanical estimation of how a severe stage of COVID-19 characterized by pulmonary fibrosis affects the alveolar sac expansion and hence the breathing capability of the sick person. In this context, the dynamic analysis of the influence of SARS-CoV-2 spread on human lung under real conditions has been shown by means of a numerical approach. Therefore, a multiphase three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study is performed to estimate the COVID-19 virus particles dispersion throughout a simplified model of the 23rd generation of the bronchial tree, at the alveolar region. Then, a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) with the mesh morphing technique and solid displacement characteristics are used to obtain and evaluate a realistic wall displacement during the expansion of the alveolar sac. A comparison is made between a healthy and a diseased lung. These phases are studied under cyclic steady-state conditions The novelties of this analysis are: first, the innovative CFD method proposed in order to model the particles spread inside the alveolar region, and second the evaluation of how the presence of Sars-Cov-2 can affect the mechanical properties of the alveolar sac and damage the lung function of a sick person at an advanced stage of infection, such as a person affected by pulmonary fibrosis.
Lessons Learned on Engaging Teenage Visitors in Museums with Story-Based and Game-Based Strategies
Authors: Cesário Vanessa , Nisi Valentina 
Published: February 2023

While museums are designed to engage and interest various audiences, teenagers are often a neglected segment. Without digital interactivity, it is challenging for a museum to remain exciting and relevant to a young, tech-savvy audience. Games can benefit museums by fostering positive attitudes towards museum spaces and creating more joyful destinations to promote meaningful informal learning combined with entertainment. We developed a dual-gamified mobile experience targeted at teenagers, for the Natural History Museum of Funchal, Portugal: a story-based strategy (
Memories of Carvalhal's Palace
—
Turning Point)
and a game-based strategy (
Memories of Carvalhal's Palace
—
Haunted Encounters
). These strategies were studied in depth with 159 teenagers (15–19 years old) to understand how gamified strategies might enhance their user experience in a museum. On one hand, game-based strategies, in which game mechanics predominate, can catch a visitor's attention by displaying challenging questions that promote competition. On the other hand, story-based strategies, in which storytelling is prominent, can promote an emotional connection with the museum and exhibits and facilitate awareness of historical facts by including an engaging plot with high-quality media and tightly edited stories. This article reports on lessons learned that museum experience designers and curators can use in designing enjoyable, interactive experiences for teenage visitors.
Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Maxing Shigan Decoction and Azithromycin for Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Qiong , Zhang Qiong , Li Si 
Published: February 2023

Background. The primary objective of this study was to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of treating pediatric mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) with Maxing Shigan decoction (MSD) and azithromycin. Materials and Methods. We comprehensively reviewed the literature for randomized controlled trials research on MPP treated by MSD combined with azithromycin in children in the databases of Medicine, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, WangFang, and VIP from inception to April 2021. dds ratio (OR) was used for dichotomous data, while the mean difference (MD) was adopted for continuous variables as effect size, both of which were demonstrated in effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. A total of 49 studies with 5704 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that MSD combined with azithromycin significantly improved the clinical efficacy (OR = 5.31, 95% CI: (4.35, 6.49), and

p

<

0.001

) and reduced the chest X-rays recovery time (MD = −2.25, 95% CI: (−2.86, −1.65), and

p

<

0.001

), cough duration (MD = −2.53, 95% CI: (−2.93. −2.12), and

p

<

0.001

), CRP (MD = −7.84, 95% CI: (−9.51, −6.17), and

p

<

0.001

), fever duration (MD = −1.53, 95% CI: (−1.78, −1.28), and

p

<

0.001

), hospital days (MD = −2.70, 95% CI: (−3.35, −2.06), and

p

<

0.001

), moist rales duration (MD = −2.00, 95% CI: (−2.33, −1.68), and

p

<

0.001

), and adverse effects (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: (0.41, 0.75), and

p

<

0.001

) when compared with azithromycin alone in the treatment of MPP in children. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that the course of disease and duration of medication contribute to the heterogeneity across studies when comparing outcomes between groups. Conclusion. MSD and azithromycin worked better when used in conjunction to treat MPP in young patients. These findings require confirmation by additional high-quality, big sample RCTs.
The Influence of Smartphone Screen Time on Acquired Premature Ejaculation: A Prospective Preliminary Study
Authors: Cinislioglu Ahmet Emre , Demirdogen Saban Oguz , Utlu Adem , Aksakallı Tugay , Altay Mehmet Sefa , Akkas Fatih , Karabulut Ibrahim , Ozbey Isa 
Published: February 2023

This prospective study is aimed at investigating the relationship between smartphone screen time and the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) in patients with acquired PE and to contribute to the literature. Thirty patients who had been diagnosed with acquired PE in our clinic between March 2022 and May 2022 were included in the study. Carrying similar demographic characteristics to the patient group, a total of 30 healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Patients who were using Huawei or iPhone brand of smartphones and who had data of at least one week of screen time were included in the study. The data were collected from the applications on the phones. PE was evaluated using PEDT, the Turkish validation of which had been carried out. The patients and the controls also underwent the application of the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Short Form (SF-36), which has also been validated for Turkish. The patients and the controls were compared with regard to smartphone screen time, IELT, PEDT scores, and the SF-36 scores. The mean screen time was found to be statistically significantly higher in the PE group compared to that of controls (

336
±
137

min
/
day

,

246
±
76.4

min
/
day

, respectively,

p
=
0.045

). In the correlation analysis between the IELT and the PEDT scores of the patients, a significant negative correlation was found between the screen time and the IELT, and a significant positive correlation was found between the screen time and the mean PEDT scores (

p
<
0.001

,

p
<
0.001

, respectively). Our results showed that smartphone screen time negatively affected the IELT values and PE severity in patients with acquired PE.