bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Visual Word Form Area: Characterizing a hierarchical, distributed and bilateral network for visual word processing
Authors: Vin Raina , Blauch Nicholas M. , Plaut David C. , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough the left hemisphere (LH) Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is considered the pre-eminent cortical region engaged in visual text processing, other regions in both hemispheres have also been implicated. To examine the entire circuit, using functional MRI data, we defined ten regions of interest (ROI) in each hemisphere that, based on functional connectivity measures, naturally grouped into early vision, high-level vision, and language clusters. We analysed univariate and multivariate responses to words, inverted words, and consonant strings for ROIs and clusters, and demonstrated modulation by text condition bihemispherically, albeit more strongly and in a larger number of regions in the LH. Graph theory analysis revealed that the high-level vision cluster and, specifically, the VWFA was equivalently connected with both early visual and language clusters in both hemispheres, reflecting its role as a mediator in the circuit. Our findings reveal bihemispheric, stimulus-mediated ROI response flexibility but circuit-level connectivity stability, reflecting the complex contribution of a distributed system for word processing.
GIGANTEAaccelerates wheat heading time through gene interactions converging onFLOWERING LOCUS T1
Authors: Li Chengxia , Lin Huiqiong , Debernardi Juan M. , Zhang Chaozhong , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrecise regulation of flowering time is critical for cereal crops to synchronize reproductive development with optimum environmental conditions, thereby maximizing grain yield. The plant specific geneGIGANTEA(GI) plays an important role in the control of flowering time, with additional functions on the circadian clock and plant stress responses. In this study, we show thatGIloss-of-function mutants in a photoperiod sensitive tetraploid wheat background exhibit significant delays in heading time under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods, with stronger effects under LD. However, this interaction between GI and photoperiod is no longer observed in isogenic lines carrying either a photoperiod insensitive allele in thePHOTOPERIOD1(PPD1) gene or a loss-of-function allele inEARLY FLOWERING 3(ELF3), a known repressor ofPPD1.These results suggest that the normal circadian regulation ofPPD1is required for the differential effect ofGIon heading time in different photoperiods. Using crosses between mutants or transgenic ofGIand those of critical genes in the flowering regulation pathway, we show thatGIaccelerates wheat heading time by promotingFLOWERING LOCUS T1(FT1) expression via interactions withELF3, VERNALIZATION 2(VRN2),CONSTANS(CO), and the age-dependent microRNA172-APETALA2(AP2) pathway, at both transcriptional and protein levels. Our study reveals conservedGImechanisms between wheat and Arabidopsis, but also identifies specific interactions of GI with the distinctive photoperiod and vernalization pathways of the temperate grasses. These results provide valuable knowledge for modulating wheat heading time and engineering new varieties better adapted to a changing environment.
Distinct neural signatures underlying information manipulation in working memory
Authors: Shi Dongping , Yu Qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWorking memory is a core cognitive ability that supports both the maintenance and manipulation of information in mind to serve complex behavior. Previously, stimulus representation in memory maintenance has been observed in both voltage and alpha-band activity in electroencephalography (EEG). However, the exact function of these two neural signatures in working memory has remained elusive. Here we systematically examined this question by asking whether memory manipulation is supported by the same neural signatures as memory maintenance. Human participants either maintained a previously-seen spatial location, or manipulated the spatial location according to a mental rotation cue over a delay. Using multivariate distance-based decoding, we observed robust neural representations of maintained and manipulated locations in both low-frequency voltage and alpha-band oscillatory activity, suggesting that memory maintenance and manipulation are supported by multiple overlapping neural signatures in EEG. Yet, these neural signatures demonstrated distinct spatiotemporal dynamics: location representations in alpha-band activity were most evident in the posterior channels, while location representations in voltage were most evident in the more anterior, central channels. The temporal emergence of manipulated representation in central voltage also preceded that in posterior alpha-band activity, suggesting that voltage might carry stimulus-specific source signals originated internally from more anterior cortex, whereas alpha-band activity might reflect feedback signals in posterior cortex received from higher-order cortex. Lastly, while location representations in both signals could be compressed into a low-dimensional neural subspace, location representation in central voltage was higher-dimensional and underwent a representational transformation that exclusively predicted memory behavior. Together, these results highlight the crucial role of central voltage in memory manipulation, as well as offer direct experimental evidence supporting functional distinction between voltage and alpha-band oscillatory activity in EEG.
AI in Medical Education: A Comparative Analysis of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 on Turkish Medical Specialization Exam Performance
Authors: Kılıç Mustafa Eray 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground/aimLarge-scale language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the rapidly developing field of artificial intelligence (AI) in education. The use of these models in medical education, especially their effectiveness in situations such as the Turkish Medical Specialty Examination (TUS), is yet understudied. This study evaluates how well GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 respond to TUS questions, providing important insight into the real-world uses and difficulties of AI in medical education.Materials and methodsIn the study, 1440 medical questions were examined using data from six Turkish Medical Specialties examinations. GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 AI models were utilized to provide answers, and IBM SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. For advanced enquiries, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used.ResultsGPT-4 demonstrated a better overall success rate (70.56%) than GPT-3.5 (40.17%) and physicians (38.14%) in this study examining the competency of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in answering questions from the Turkish Medical Specialization Exam (TUS). Notably, GPT-4 delivered more accurate answers and made fewer errors than GPT-3.5, yet the two models skipped about the same number of questions. Compared to physicians, GPT-4 produced more accurate answers and a better overall score. In terms of the number of accurate responses, GPT-3.5 performed slightly better than physicians. Between GPT-4 and GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and the doctors, and GPT-3.5 and the doctors, the success rates varied dramatically. Performance ratios differed across domains, with doctors outperforming AI in tests involving anatomy, whereas AI models performed best in tests involving pharmacology.ConclusionsIn this study, GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 AI models showed superior performance in answering Turkish Medical Specialization Exam questions. Despite their abilities, these models demonstrated limitations in reasoning beyond given knowledge, particularly in anatomy. The study recommends adding AI support to medical education to enhance the critical interaction with these technologies.
The role and influence of perceived experts in an anti-vaccine misinformation community
Authors: Harris Mallory J. , Murtfeldt Ryan , Wang Shufan , Mordecai Erin A. , West Jevin D. 
Published: July 2023

1AbstractThe role of perceived experts (i.e., medical professionals and biomedical scientists) as potential anti-vaccine influencers has not been characterized systematically. We describe the prevalence and importance of anti-vaccine perceived experts by constructing a coengagement network based on a Twitter data set containing over 4.2 million posts from April 2021. The coengagement network primarily broke into two large communities that differed in their stance toward COVID-19 vaccines, and misinformation was predominantly shared by the anti-vaccine community. Perceived experts had a sizable presence within the anti-vaccine community and shared academic sources at higher rates compared to others in that community. Perceived experts occupied important network positions as central anti-vaccine nodes and bridges between the anti- and pro-vaccine communities. Perceived experts received significantly more engagements than other individuals within the anti- and pro-vaccine communities and there was no significant difference in the influence boost for perceived experts between the two communities. Interventions designed to reduce the impact of perceived experts who spread anti-vaccine misinformation may be warranted.
A Population Level Study on the Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy at the U.S. County Level
Authors: Dong Ensheng , Nixon Kristen , Gardner Lauren M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple COVID-19 vaccines were proven to be safe and effective in curbing severe illness, but despite vaccine availability, uptake rates were relatively low in the United States (U.S.), primarily due to vaccine hesitancy. To better understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the U.S., our study provides a comprehensive, data-driven population-level statistical analysis at the county level. We find that political affiliation, as determined by the proportion of votes received by the Republican candidate in the 2020 presidential election, has the strongest association with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The next strongest association was median household income, which has a negative association. The percentage of Black people and the average number of vehicles per household are also positively associated with vaccine hesitancy. In contrast, COVID-19 infection rate, percentage of Hispanic people, postsecondary education percentage, median age, and prior non-COVID-19 childhood vaccination coverage are other factors negatively associated with vaccine hesitancy. Unlike previous studies, we do not find significant relationships between cable TV news viewership or Twitter misinformation variables with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. These results shed light on some factors that may impact vaccination choice in the U.S. and can be used to target specific populations for educational outreach and vaccine campaign strategies in efforts to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Pharmacological characterization and radiolabeling of VUF15485, a high-affinity small-molecule agonist for the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3
Authors: Zarca Aurelien M. , Adlere Ilze , Viciano Cristina P. , Arimont-Segura Marta , Meyrath Max , Simon Icaro A. , Bebelman Jan Paul , Laan Dennis , Custers Hans G. J. , Janssen Elwin , Versteegh Kobus L. , Bosma Reggie , de Esch Iwan J. P. , Vischer Henry F. , Wijtmans Maikel , Szpakowska Martyna , Chevigné Andy , Hoffmann Carsten , de Graaf Chris , Zarzycka Barbara A. , Windhorst Albert D. , Smit Martine J. , Leurs Rob 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAtypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), formerly referred to as CXCR7, is considered to be an interesting drug target. In this study we report on the synthesis, pharmacological characterization and radiolabeling of VUF15485, a new ACKR3 small-molecule agonist, that will serve as an important new tool to study this β-arrestin-biased chemokine receptor. VUF15485 binds with nanomolar affinity (pIC50= 8.3) to human ACKR3, as measured in [125I]CXCL12 competition binding experiments. Moreover, in a BRET-based β-arrestin2 recruitment assay VUF15485 acts as an ACKR3 agonist with high potency (pEC50= 7.6) and shows a similar extent of receptor activation compared to CXCL12 when using a newly developed, FRET-based ACKR3 conformational sensor. Moreover, the ACKR3 agonist VUF15485 was tested against a (atypical) chemokine receptor panel (agonist and antagonist mode) and proves to be selective for ACKR3. VUF15485 was subsequently labeled with tritium at one of its methoxy groups affording [3H]VUF15485. The small-molecule agonist radioligand binds saturably and with high affinity to human ACKR3 (Kd= 8.2 nM). [3H]VUF15485 shows rapid binding kinetics and consequently a short residence time (RT < 2 min) for its binding to ACKR3. Displacement of [3H]VUF15485 binding to membranes of HEK293T cells, transiently expressing ACKR3, with a number of CXCR3, CXCR4 or ACKR3 small-molecule ligands confirmed the ACKR3 profile of the [3H]VUF15485 binding site. Interestingly, the chemokine ligands CXCL11 and CXCL12 are not able to displace the binding of [3H]VUF15485 to ACKR3. The radiolabeled VUF15485 was subsequently used to evaluate its binding pocket. Site-directed mutagenesis and docking studies using a recently solved cryo-EM structure propose VUF15485 to bind in the major and the minor binding pocket of ACKR3.
Genome sequencing of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) reveals adaptive evolution in secondary metabolism pathways associated with its medicinal properties
Authors: Chakraborty Abhisek , Mahajan Shruti , Bisht Manohar S. , Sharma Vineet K. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTSyzygium cumini, also known as jambolan or jamun, is an evergreen tree widely known for its medicinal properties, fruits, and ornamental value. To understand the genomic and evolutionary basis of its medicinal properties, we sequenced S. cumini genome, which is the largest genome sequenced for the first time from the world’s largest tree genus Syzygium using Oxford Nanopore and 10x Genomics sequencing technologies. The tetraploid and highly heterozygous draft genome of S. cumini had a total size of 709.9 Mbp with 61,195 coding genes. The phylogenetic position of S. cumini was established using a comprehensive genome-wide analysis including species from 18 Eudicot plant orders. The existence of neopolyploidy in S. cumini was evident from the higher number of coding genes and expanded gene families compared to the other two sequenced species from this genus. Comparative evolutionary analyses showed the adaptive evolution of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid-flavonoid (PF) biosynthesis pathway and other secondary metabolites biosynthesis such as terpenoid and alkaloid in S. cumini, along with genes involved in stress tolerance mechanisms, which was also supported by leaf transcriptome data generated in this study. The adaptive evolution of secondary metabolism pathways is associated with the wide range of pharmacological properties, specifically the anti-diabetic property, of this species conferred by the bioactive compounds that act as nutraceutical agents in modern medicine.
Polarized localization of kinesin-1 and RIC-7 drives axonal mitochondria anterograde transport
Authors: Wu Youjun , Ding Chen , Weinreb Alexis , Manning Laura , Swaim Grace , Yogev Shaul , Colón-Ramos Daniel A. , Hammarlund Marc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMitochondria transport is crucial for mitochondria distribution in axons and is mediated by kinesin-1-based anterograde and dynein-based retrograde motor complexes. While Miro and Milton/TRAK were identified as key adaptors between mitochondria and kinesin-1, recent studies suggest the presence of additional mechanisms. InC. elegans,ric-7is the only single gene described so far, other than kinesin-1, that is absolutely required for axonal mitochondria localization. Using CRISPR engineering inC. elegans, we find that Miro is important but is not essential for anterograde traffic, whereas it is required for retrograde traffic. Both the endogenous RIC-7 and kinesin-1 act at the leading end to transport mitochondria anterogradely. RIC-7 recruitment to mitochondria requires its N-terminal domain and partially relies on MIRO-1, whereas RIC-7 accumulation at the leading end depends on its disordered region, kinesin-1 and metaxin2. We conclude that polarized transport complexes containing kinesin-1 and RIC-7 form at the leading edge of mitochondria, and that these complexes are required for anterograde axonal transport.Summary statementAnterograde transport of axonal mitochondria is critical for maintenance of the mitochondria pool and neuronal health. Wu et al. show that the endogenous kinesin-1 and RIC-7 localize at the leading end of mitochondria to drive axonal anterograde transportin vivo.
Accumulation and light-harvesting function of IsiA in cyanobacterial cells with monomeric and trimeric Photosystem I
Authors: Akhtar Parveen , Balog-Vig Fanny , Kuntam Soujanya , Tóth Szilvia Zita , Lambrev Petar H. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe acclimation of cyanobacteria to iron deficiency is crucial for their survival in natural environments. In response to iron deficiency, many cyanobacterial species induce the production of a pigment-protein complex called IsiA. IsiA proteins associate with photosystem I (PSI) and can function as light-harvesting antennas or dissipate excess energy. They may also serve as Chl storage during iron limitation. In this study we examined the functional role of IsiA in cells ofSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 grown under iron limitation conditions by measuring the cellular IsiA content and its capability to transfer energy to PSI. We specifically test the effect of the oligomeric state of PSI by comparing wild-type (WT)Synechocystissp. PCC 6803 to mutants lacking specific subunits of PSI, namely PsaL/PsaI (ΔpsaLmutant) and PsaF/PsaJ (ΔFIJL). Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that IsiA formed functional PSI3-IsiA18supercomplexes, wherein IsiA effectively transfers energy to PSI on a timescale of 10 ps at room temperature – measured in isolated complexes and in vivo – confirming the primary role of IsiA as an accessory light-harvesting antenna to PSI. However, a significant fraction (40%) remained unconnected to PSI, supporting the notion of a dual functional role of IsiA. Cells with monomeric PSI under iron deficiency contained only 3–4 IsiA complexes bound to PSI. Together the results show that IsiA is capable of transferring energy to trimeric and monomeric PSI but to varying degrees and that the acclimatory production of IsiA under iron stress is controlled by its ability to perform its light-harvesting function.
The assessment of quality of care in the Indian healthcare industry: the employees’ and patients’ perspectives
Authors: Padamata Karthik , Vangapandu Rama Devi 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to capture patients' and employees' perception of quality of care in the Indian private hospitals and to find the possible perceptual gaps between both the groups.Design/methodology/approachAuthors have referred to the Victorian patient satisfaction monitoring (VPSM) scale and studied the responses of 327 patients and 327 employees collected from six private Indian tertiary care hospitals. SPSS v26 software was used to conduct the data reliability test, descriptive analysis and Mann–Whitney U test.FindingsAuthors have found significant differences in perceptions of quality of care between the patients and employees in the Indian hospitals. Employees have high positive perceptions towards the provided medical care whereas the patients have less favourable perceptions for many quality indicators.Practical implicationsThis study findings help the healthcare managers, practitioners and healthcare workers of the Indian hospitals to understand the perceptions of both the employees and the patients towards healthcare quality elements and help to reduce the existing perceptual gap in the process of providing quality healthcare services.Originality/valueTo the best of authors knowledge, this is one of the pioneering studies conducted in Indian healthcare industry to capture and compare the perceptions of both the employees' and the patients' perceptions of various quality of care elements. This study highlighted the existing perceptual gap between the employees and the patients on various healthcare quality elements and indicated the critical areas for improvement to provide high quality healthcare services.
When pretesting corporate social responsibility advertising can mislead: feelings vs attitudes
Authors: Han Joon Hye , Grimes Anthony , Davies Gary 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature concerned with improving the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) advertising by considering how such ads are pre-tested.Design/methodology/approachTwo similar video ads were produced: one using an informative appeal and the other using an emotional appeal. The latter appeal is more widely used by practitioners. Each ad was designed to promote the CSR credentials of the same (fictitious) company. A web-based experiment (n = 244) was used to test both using two types of measure: first attitude towards the company (such as its image) and second the feelings evoked by the ad.FindingsAs predicted from theory, the ads promoted similar evaluations of the company but the evaluations measured by evoked feelings differed significantly. The information-based ad evoked more positive emotions, less negative emotions and more positive attitudes toward the ad. If the ads had been pretested using only measures of evoked feelings, the more emotive treatment would have been rejected.Practical implicationsThe study shows why CSR ads should be pretested and why such tests should include multiple measures. It also illustrates how informative CSR video ads can be better received but how both informative and emotional appeals can be used when communicating a company's CSR.Originality/valueThere is little research relevant to the pretesting of ads designed to communicate a company's CSR. Signaling theory can help explain why comparable (CSR) video ads can be evaluated as similar in their effect on company related evaluations.
Preparing to work with artificial intelligence: assessing WHS when using AI in the workplace
Authors: Cebulla Andreas , Szpak Zygmunt , Knight Genevieve 
Published: July 2023

PurposeArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems play an increasing role in organisation management, process and product development. This study identifies risks and hazards that AI systems may pose to the work health and safety (WHS) of those engaging with or exposed to them. A conceptual framework of organisational measures for minimising those risks is proposed.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an exploratory, inductive qualitative approach, the researchers interviewed 30 experts in data science, technology and WHS; 12 representatives of nine organisations using or preparing to use AI; and ran online workshops, including with 12 WHS inspectors. The research mapped AI ethics principles endorsed by the Australian government onto the AI Canvas, a tool for tracking AI implementation from ideation via development to operation. Fieldwork and analysis developed a matrix of WHS and organisational–managerial risks and risk minimisation strategies relating to AI use at each implementation stage.FindingsThe study identified psychosocial, work stress and workplace relational risks that organisations and employees face during AI implementation in a workplace. Privacy, business continuity and gaming risks were also noted. All may persist and reoccur during the lifetime of an AI system. Alertness to such risks may be enhanced by adopting a systematic risk assessment approach.Originality/valueA collaborative project involving sociologists, economists and computer scientists, the study relates abstract AI ethics principles to concrete WHS risks and hazards. The study translates principles typically applied at the societal level to workplaces and proposes a process for assessing AI system risks.