bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of contrast and ambient illumination on visual discomfort of autostereoscopic display
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhao Wu‐Xiang , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe conflict between vergence and accommodation is the main perceptual factors contributing to visual discomfort when viewing autostereoscopic display. The key factors relevant to the accommodation and vergence are the ambient illumination and the contrast. The current study was a 2 × 3 × 3 mixed design comparing VFSI and VIMS symptoms between 2D and 3D video clips with three contrast levels under three ambient illumination levels on the autostereoscopic display. Twenty participants were required to evaluate the degree of discomfort by filing out questionnaires after watching those video clips. According to the result analysis, the 3D viewing participants reported more severe symptoms compared to 2D. The moderate contrast conditions were found to be the optimum for viewing comfort. The difference between VFSI and VIMS symptoms become larger with increasing contrast. The results also suggested the optimum 3D illumination condition should not be too high to effectively relieve visual discomfort. VIMS symptoms were more sensitive to the changes in ambient illumination than VFSI. Moreover, significant interaction between contrast and ambient illumination was found. Participants felt the most comfortable in the combination effect of moderate level of contrast and the high level of ambient illumination.
Disparities in treatment and survival in early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma in California
Authors: Gholami Sepideh , Kleber Kara T. , Perry Lauren M. , Abidalhassan Mustafa , McFadden Nikia R. , Bateni Sarah B. , Maguire Frances B. , Stewart Susan L. , Morris Cyllene , Chen Moon , Gaskill Cameron E. , Merkow Ryan P. , Keegan Theresa H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCurative intent therapy is the standard of care for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, these therapies are under‐utilized, with several treatment and survival disparities. We sought to demonstrate whether the type of facility and distance from treatment center (with transplant capabilities) contributed to disparities in curative‐intent treatment and survival for early‐stage HCC in California.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the California Cancer Registry for patients diagnosed with stage I or II primary HCC between 2005 and 2017. Primary and secondary outcomes were receipt of treatment and overall survival, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate associations.ResultsOf 19 059 patients with early‐stage HCC, only 36% (6778) received curative‐intent treatment. Compared to Non‐Hispanic White patients, Hispanic patients were less likely, and Asian/Pacific Islander patients were more likely to receive curative‐intent treatment. Our results showed that rural residence, public insurance, lower neighborhood SES, and care at non‐National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center were associated with not receiving treatment and decreased survival.ConclusionsAlthough multiple factors influence receipt of treatment for early‐HCC, our findings suggest that early intervention programs should target travel barriers and access to specialist care to help improve oncologic outcomes.
The microbial profile of infected endoprosthetic reconstructions after wide excision for patients with musculoskeletal tumors: A call for pathogen‐based practices
Authors: Trikha Rishi , Greig Danielle , Sekimura Troy , Geiger Erik J. , Wessel Lauren , Eckardt Jeffrey J. , Bernthal Nicholas M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeriprosthetic infection is a devastating complication following endoprosthetic reconstruction. This study utilized a large database of endoprostheses to describe the incidence, risk factors, and microbial profile of such infections to better catalogue and understand these catastrophic events.MethodsA retrospective review of endoprosthetic reconstructions for an oncologic indication from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 2020 was performed. Demographic, oncologic, procedural and outcome data was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for infection with significance defined as p < 0.05.ResultsForty four out of 712 (6.2%) reconstructions resulted in infection at a mean time of 39.9 ± 44.5 months. Revision surgery (odds ratio [OR] 6.14, p < 0.001) or having a postoperative wound complication (OR 7.67, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with infection. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most commonly cultured organisms at a rate of 34.1% (15/44) and 22.7% (10/44), respectively. Ten infections resulted in amputation; five due to antimicrobial‐resistant infections and three due to polymicrobial infections.ConclusionUnderstanding the microbial profile of patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction is paramount. This study demonstrates a relatively high rate of polymicrobial and antibiotic‐resistant infections that portend worse outcomes, thus suggesting that pathogen‐specific infectious practices may be warranted.Level of EvidenceRetrospective cohort study, level III.
Development of liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of a novel adjuvant, Imidazoquinoline gallamide in aluminum hydroxide gel‐Imidazoquinoline gallamide and COVAXIN
Authors: Nagendla Narendra Kumar , Subrahanyam Seetha Bala , Konda Satyanand , Mudiam Mohana Krishna Reddy 
Published: August 2023

Imidazoquinoline gallamide is a toll‐like receptor 7/8 agonist, belongs to the imidazoquinoline class, has the potential to activate antigen‐presenting cells, and enhances immune response, primarily Th1 response. The COVAXIN is a whole virion inactivated Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine formulated with this novel adjuvant called, aluminum hydroxide gel Imidazoquinoline gallamide, wherein, Imidazoquinoline gallamide is chemisorbed onto aluminum hydroxide gel. Herein, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was developed to identify and quantify Imidazoquinoline gallamide in aluminum hydroxide gel Imidazoquinoline gallamide and COVAXIN. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions were optimized for Imidazoquinoline gallamide quantification are [M+H]+ ions with 512.24→343.19 m/z (quantifier ion) and 512.24→360.22 m/z (qualifier ion). The developed method was validated as per the international conference on harmonization quality2 revison1 guidelines. The method was linear in the range of 0.025–10 µg/mL with a coefficient of determination of 0.9985 and the limit of quantification is 0.025 µg/mL. The accuracy was in the range of 82–121 % and intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 7.1% and 5.39%, respectively. The expanded uncertainty results are 9.2% for Imidazoquinoline gallamide in the sample. The validated method was successfully applied to evaluate Imidazoquinoline gallamide concentration in every batch of COVAXIN.
Photonic Integrated Quantum Memory in Rare‐Earth Doped Solids
Authors: Zhou Zong‐Quan , Liu Chao , Li Chuan‐Feng , Guo Guang‐Can , Oblak Daniel , Lei Mi , Faraon Andrei , Mazzera Margherita , de Riedmatten Hugues 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn optical quantum memory is a device that can store photonic quantum information and release it after a controlled time. It is an essential component for overcoming channel losses in large‐scale quantum networks. Optical quantum memories have been demonstrated with various physical systems including atomic gases, single atoms in optical cavities, and rare‐earth‐ion doped solids. Now, quantum memories are marching toward miniaturization and integration for large‐scale practical applications. Solid state systems stand as a natural choice due to the physical stability and ease of micro or nano fabrication using well‐established techniques. In the past decade, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing photonic integrated quantum memories, that is, quantum memories based on micro/nano‐photonic structures manufactured in solids. Remarkable performances have been achieved with integrated quantum memories, with the advantages of lower laser/electric power requirements, small volumes, large storage densities, and easy implementations. In this article, the basic concepts of optical quantum memories, the state‐of‐the‐art technologies for fabricating integrated quantum memories in rare‐earth ions doped crystals, and recent advances are introduced, and the roadmap for developing practically useful devices for applications in quantum networks is discussed.
Evidence Hub: A place to exchange medical knowledge and form communities
Authors: Hong Kenny , Bandaranayake Druvinka , Tsafnat Guy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionMedical knowledge is complex and constantly evolving, making it challenging to disseminate and retrieve effectively. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring the use of formal knowledge representations that can be easily interpreted by computers.MethodsEvidence Hub is a new, free, online platform that hosts computable clinical knowledge in the form of “Knowledge Objects”. These objects represent various types of computer‐interpretable knowledge. The platform includes features that encourage advancing medical knowledge, such as public discussion threads for civil discourse about each Knowledge Object, thus building communities of interest that can form and reach consensus on the correctness, applicability, and proper use of the object. Knowledge Objects are maintained by volunteers and published on Evidence Hub under GPL 2.0. Peer review and quality assurance are provided by volunteers.ResultsUsers can explore Evidence Hub and participate in discussions using a web browser. An application programming interface allows applications to register themselves as handlers of specific object types and provide editing and execution capabilities for particular object types.ConclusionsBy providing a platform for computable clinical knowledge and fostering discussion and collaboration, Evidence Hub improves the dissemination and use of medical knowledge.
Smart Antifouling and Self‐Cleaning Membrane for Effective Oil/Water Separation
Authors: Oral Nur , Basal Guldemet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel membrane consisting of cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microparticles is successfully fabricated by simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying. The CA/PNIPAM membrane has highly effective gravity‐driven separation performances for both oil/water mixtures and oil‐in‐water emulsions. It separates oil droplets from oil‐in‐water mixtures and oil‐water emulsions with rejection rates of 99.83% and 96%, respectively. In order to examine the contribution of PNIPAM particles, the performance of the CA/PNIPAM membrane is compared with the CA membrane. Increased hydrophilicity due to the inclusion of the PNIPAM particles between CA nanofibers results in a higher rejection ratio and superior antifouling performance. While the CA membrane becomes unusable after 10 cycles during the separation of the oil–water emulsion, the CA/PNIPAM membrane is still in good shape after 20 cycles. The self‐cleaning ability of the membrane is examined through the permeation flux below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. The reversible thermo‐responsive flux variation proves that the pore sizes increase at temperatures above the LCST of PNIPAM. Moreover, when the lubricating oil–water emulsion is filtered through the membrane, the permeate changes from clear to turbid due to the nonretained oil particles as the temperature passes through the LCST.
Fiber‐Specific White Matter Alterations in Parkinson's Disease Patients with GBA Gene Mutations
Authors: Andica Christina , Kamagata Koji , Uchida Wataru , Saito Yuya , Takabayashi Kaito , Hagiwara Akifumi , Takeshige‐Amano Haruka , Hatano Taku , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) carrying GBA gene mutations (GBA‐PD) have a more aggressive disease course than those with idiopathic PD (iPD).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate fiber‐specific white matter (WM) differences in nonmedicated patients with early‐stage GBA‐PD and iPD using fixel‐based analysis, a novel technique to assess tract‐specific WM microstructural and macrostructural features comprehensively.MethodsFixel‐based metrics, including microstructural fiber density (FD), macrostructural fiber‐bundle cross section (FC), and a combination of FD and FC (FDC), were compared among 30 healthy control subjects, 16 patients with GBA‐PD, and 35 patients with iPD. Associations between FDC and clinical evaluations were also explored using multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsPatients with GBA‐PD showed significantly lower FD in the fornix and superior longitudinal fasciculus than healthy control subjects, and lower FC in the corticospinal tract (CST) and lower FDC in the CST, middle cerebellar peduncle, and striatal‐thalamo‐cortical pathways than patients with iPD. Contrarily, patients with iPD showed significantly higher FC and FDC in the CST and striatal‐thalamo‐cortical pathways than healthy control subjects. In addition, lower FDC in patients with GBA‐PD was associated with reduced glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity, lower cerebrospinal fluid total α‐synuclein levels, lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, lower striatal binding ratio, and higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores.ConclusionsWe report reduced fiber‐specific WM density and bundle cross‐sectional size in patients with GBA‐PD, suggesting neurodegeneration linked to glucocerebrosidase deficiency, α‐synuclein accumulation, and poorer cognition and motor functions. Conversely, patients with iPD showed increased fiber bundle size, likely because of WM reorganization. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Sources of meaning in life among older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Lee Min Hye , Kang Kyung Im 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to explore the sources of meaning in life (MIL) and its impact on South Korean older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.DesignThis study had a qualitative descriptive study design.MethodsThe study participants included 18 older adults. Six focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe subcategories ‘Continued learning and growth’, ‘Self‐transcending practices’ and ‘Efforts to maintain good health’ were extracted under the category ‘Sources of MIL for older adults’. Similarly, the subcategories ‘Tremendous changes brought about by the virus’ and ‘Varying patterns of adjustment to the pandemic’ were extracted under the category ‘Changes in the sources of MIL since the COVID‐19 outbreak’.Public ContributionOur study provides an in‐depth understanding of the changed sources of MIL for older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings serve as useful guidance for planning interventions for older adults to lead meaningful lives during the COVID‐19 pandemic and post‐pandemic crises.
The role of the teacher and learning in clinical practicum scales: A psychometric testing of the Finnish versions
Authors: Strandell‐Laine Camilla , Haapa Toni , Timonen Leena , Suikkala Arja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo test the psychometric properties of the further developed Role of the Teacher (Tc2) and the new Learning in Clinical Practicum (LCP) scales in a sample of Finnish healthcare students.DesignPsychometrical testing of the Tc2 and LCP scales.MethodsA sample consisting of 1133 healthcare students completed the further developed Tc2 scale and the new LCP scale between January and June 2020. Statistical data analysis was performed using explorative factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was applied in reporting.ResultsBoth the further developed Tc2 and the new LCP scales were shown to be valid and reliable. Explorative factor analysis confirmed a two‐factor solution for the Tc2 scale with a 76.3% explained variance and a one‐factor solution for the LCP scale with a 58.0% explained variance. The scales' internal consistency reliabilities were high (0.9).
Nurses' experiences of provision family‐centred care in the postresuscitation period: A qualitative study
Authors: Zali Mahnaz , Rahmani Azad , Powers Kelly , Hassankhani Hadi , Namdar‐Areshtanab Hossein , Gilani Neda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore nurses' experiences of providing family‐centred care in the postresuscitation period.DesignAn exploratory‐descriptive qualitative design was used.MethodsIn this qualitative study, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 nurses in three educational hospitals. There were six participants who completed follow‐up interviews to resolve questions generated during initial interviews. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.ResultsFive main categories were extracted: continuous monitoring, facilitation of attendance, involvement in care, informing and emotional support. Despite the lack of organizational policies and guidelines, nurses explained how they work to provide family‐centred care for families, especially those they assessed as having less possibility of aggressive behaviour and those with a better understanding of their loved one's condition. To provide postresuscitation family‐centred care, nurses facilitated family attendance, involved them in some basic nursing care, and provided information and emotional support to the family members.ConclusionNurses attempted to follow the basic principles of family‐centred care in the postresuscitation period. However, to improve the provision of care by nurses, it is necessary to embed family‐centred care principles in institutional policies and guidelines and to conduct training for nurses.Implications for the ProfessionIranian nurses are interested in engaged families in the postresuscitation period. Correct implementations of such care that include all families need institutional policies and guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Nurses' bereavement experiences of a deceased colleague due to COVID‐19: A phenomenological study
Authors: Najafi Fatemeh , Mardanian Dehkordi Leila , Khodayari Sajad , Jaafarpour Molouk , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimHealthcare workers have little time to mourn due to the intensification of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although grief is a normal part of life and death, the circumstances surrounding the death can affect the grieving process. So far, the nurses' experience in mourn for a deceased colleague in the COVID‐19 pandemic has not been determined. Identifying these experiences can provide opportunities to formulate appropriate strategies to functionally adapt to death and promote mental health and well‐being during this crisis. This study aimed to understand the nurses' experiences in mourning for a deceased colleague due to COVID‐19.DesignThis was an interpretive phenomenological study.MethodParticipants included 10 nurses with the bereavement experience following the death of a colleague due to COVID‐19, who were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were collected through in‐depth and semi‐structured interviews and analysed using Diekelmann et al.'s (1989) approach.ResultsThe nurses' bereavement experiences were in the form of eight themes: disbelief and amazement, acceptance with grief, lasting sadness, unsung laments, bringing back memories, impulse to leave the service, a professional myth and holy death. For nurses, mourning for the death of a colleague due to COVID‐19 is like a lasting sadness that begins with disbelief and amazement and changes to acceptance with sadness. From the fellow nurses' point of view, this type of death was perceived as a holy death, which along with countless unsung laments and memories brought to us the association of a professional legend, and that such a fate would be inevitable for us as well, it was a push to leave the service.Public ContributionCrisis managers and policymakers need to add protocols and training programs for resilience skills and healthy mourning.
Approximate optimal control design for quadrotors: A computationally fast solution
Authors: Yao Jie , Rafee Nekoo Saeed , Xin Ming 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAn approximate closed‐form optimal control design is proposed for the flight control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles. The nonlinear dynamic equation is rewritten as a pseudo‐linear form without approximations. The quadratic cost function is modified by adding perturbation terms to the state weighting matrix. A co‐state, which is associated with the solution to the partial differential Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation, is approximated by a power series of an instrumental variable with symmetric matrices as the coefficients. The solution to the intractable HJB equation can be reduced to solving these coefficient matrices, which are in forms of a differential Riccati equation and a series of linear Lyapunov equations, These equations can be solved recursively and analytically. Specifically, the differential Riccati equation can be solved offline and only once, and the linear Lyapunov equations can be solved analytically. These approximations lead to a closed‐form suboptimal state feedback control law, which is computationally more efficient than the similar finite‐time state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) technique that requires the solution of the state‐dependent differential Riccati equation at each time step and demands a high computational cost. The proposed control law is applied to the flight control design of quadrotors. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control technique with superior performance of control accuracy and robustness. It is compared favorably with the finite‐time SDRE technique in terms of computation efficiency and control effort, especially when onboard implementations and experiments are needed.