bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of α-zirconium phosphate as a perspective material for separation of 225Ac and 213Bi
Authors: Ondrák Lukáš , Ondrák Fialová Kateřina , Sakmár Michal , Vlk Martin , Štamberg Karel , Drtinová Barbora , Šlouf Miroslav , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Kozempel Ján 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interest for ZrP this material is based on its physicochemical properties which makes this material a perspective candidate for applications in nuclear medicine. In this study ZrP was prepared and completely characterized using various analytical methods. Finally, the study of radiometals sorption mechanism on a surface of ZrP and the surface characterization of ZrP were done. In conclusion, ZrP appears as promising for next studies with various purposes like drug delivery system or ion-exchanger for separations of medical radionuclides such as 225Ac and 213Bi.
The Cognitive Makeup of Writing: Multivariate Analysis of Writing Impairments Following Stroke
Authors: Chen Haobo , Yu Shaode , Pan Xiaoping , Chen Yanjia , Zhang Tian , Li Ze , Zhou Jin , Hu Jianxi , Bickerton Wai-Ling , Lau Johnny King , Guo Aihua , Kong Anthony Pak Hin , Rotshtein Pia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWriting is a recently acquired skill to human behavioral repertoire, essential in industrialized societies. In the clinic, writing impairment is evident in one-third of stroke patients. This study aimed to find out the cognitive features that contribute to writing impairment of stroke patients in two different writing systems (logographic and phonological). Cognitive profiles were assessed using the Birmingham Cognitive Screen in two cohorts, China (244 patients) and UK (501 patients). The datasets were analyzed separately using an identical procedure. Elastic net was used to rank the importance of different cognitive abilities (features) to writing skill; and linear support vector machine was used to identify the discriminative features needed to accurately identify the stroke patients with and without writing impairments. The prediction performance was evaluated with the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SEN), and specificity (SPE). For the China cohort, writing numbers, complex figure copy, and number calculation obtained good prediction performance on writing impairments with AUC 0.85 ± 0.06, ACC (89 ± 3) %, SEN (81 ± 10) %, and SPE (90 ± 27) %. Concerning the UK data, writing numbers, number calculation, non-word reading, and auditory sustain attention achieved AUC 0.79 ± 0.04, ACC (83 ± 3) %, SEN (74 ± 9) %, and SPE (84 ± 3) %. A small number of patients in both cohorts (China: 9/69, UK: 24/137), who were impaired in writing, were consistently misclassified. Two patients, one in each cohort, showed selective impairments in writing, while all remaining patients were impaired in attention, language, and/or praxis tasks. The results showed that the capability to write numbers and manipulate them were critical features for predicting writing abilities across writing systems. Reading abilities were not a good predictor of writing impairments across both cohorts. Constructive praxis (measured by complex figure copy) was relevant to impairment classification in characters-based writing (China), while phonological abilities (measured by non-word reading) were important features for impairment prediction in alphabetic writing (UK). A small proportion minority of cases with writing deficits were related to different impairment profiles. The findings in this study highlight the multifaceted nature of writing deficits and the potential use of computation methods for revealing hidden cognitive structures in neuropsychological research.
A healthy diet for a growing population: a case study of Arua, Uganda
Authors: Hermelink Marleen I. , Pittore Katherine H. , Álvarez Aranguiz Adolfo , Pereira da Silva Fatima I. , Roefs Marlene M. I. , Kajobe Robert , Malingumu Richard , Hengsdijk Huib 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is uncertain whether Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2), a healthy diet for all, can be achieved in East Africa given its strong population growth, low agricultural yields, and the high perishability of nutrient-dense foods. We examine the consequences of a locally produced healthy diet on land use in a case study of the Arua district in Uganda. This type of analysis can alert policy makers to looming nutrition gaps and support the selection of alternative solution strategies. Using a linear programming (LP) model and three population growth projections, we estimate the minimum agricultural area needed in 2040 to produce a healthy diet that follows EAT-Lancet dietary diversity guidelines and supplies the average requirements of calories, proteins, Iron, and vitamin A. We also compare in scenarios to what extent i) production intensification, ii) food loss reduction, iii) by-product consumption, and iv) vitamin supplementation could reduce the required agricultural area. Results show that the necessary area to produce a healthy diet in 2040 is 160% larger than Arua’s current crop area and would greatly exceed the district’s total area. We also show that none of the changes proposed in our scenarios allows a sufficient increase in food production, suggesting that a mix of even more drastic changes across sectors will be necessary. The results underline the challenge for rural areas in East Africa like Arua to provide a healthy diet to its fast growing population, requiring integrated food system changes and policy coordination to orchestrate the increased availability of diverse and nutritious foods.
Deuteron and α-particle-induced nuclear reactions on 45Sc: activation cross section measurement and thick target yield evaluation
Authors: Al-abyad M. , Hassan H. E. , Solieman A. H. M. , Ditrói F. , Saleh Z. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSystematic measurements of nuclear reaction cross sections were done in the low energy range for the two reactions45Sc(d,p)46Sc and45Sc(α,n)48V. Thin foils of high-purity (99.95%) natural Sc targets (100%45Sc), purchased from Good-Fellow, were irradiated with 10 and 20 MeV incident deuteron andα-particle energies, respectively, at beam current of 100 nA using MGC-20 cyclotron. For precise measurements, high-purity Ti and Cu foils were used for monitoring the actual deuteron andα-particle beam intensities, respectively. The conventional stacked-foil technique was applied for measurement and calculation of the cross section values using a high-resolutionγ-ray spectrometer for measuring the radioactivity. Nuclear model code EMPIRE-3.2 was used for calculation of the investigated excitation functions. The obtained results were compared with the experimental values and TENDEL-2021 data which are based on TALYS-1.96 code calculations. The integrated yields for the two reactions, based on the proposed average excitation functions, were estimated.
Effect of modelling choices in the unit commitment problem
Authors: Wuijts Rogier Hans , van den Akker Marjan , van den Broek Machteld 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn power system studies the unit commitment problem (UC) is solved to support market decisions and assess system adequacy. Simplifications are made to solve the UC faster, but they are made without considering the consequences on solution quality. In this study we thoroughly investigated the impacts of simplifications on solution quality and computation time on a benchmark set consisting of almost all the available instances in the literature. We found that omitting the minimum up- and downtime and simplifying the startup cost resulted in a significant quality loss without reducing the computation time. Omitting reserve requirements, ramping limits and transmission limits reduced the computation time, but degraded the solution significantly. However, the linear relaxation resulted in less quality loss with a significant speed-up and resulted in no difference when unserved energy was minimized. Finally, we found that the average and maximum capacity factor difference is large for all model variants.
Navigation Aid use and Human Wayfinding: How to Engage People in Active Spatial Learning
Authors: Huston Vanessa , Hamburger Kai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn our daily life navigation systems play a pivotal role. These technical aids are used to find a way in unknown environments. Nowadays, they are already integrated into cars or available as smartphone apps. However, navigation is not necessarily successful when using such navigation aids. A highly debated but widely accepted consensus is that the increased use of navigation aids is associated with decreasing navigation skills (i.e., cognitive skills) and social interaction. In the current discussion paper, we therefore want to focus on how to reduce such (possibly) detrimental effects while engaging people in active spatial learning during the use of a navigation device. As we will demonstrate, such an active engagement can be realized rather easily and in a very simple manner: an explicit instruction (and people’s will to follow it). The way the instruction and the task are presented does not seem to matter (i.e., self-read, experimenter-read, or AI-read). The most simple but decisive element for effective wayfinding may be found on the individual psychological level, rather than on the design level for artificial systems. Thus, our discussion paper wants to 1) provide ideas on how to reduce possible detrimental effects in wayfinding (short-term and long-term) and 2) stimulate research on the psychological issues in addition to the technical issues.
Exploring the role of boundary work in a social-ecological synthesis initiative
Authors: Schröter Barbara , Sattler Claudia , Metzger Jean Paul , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Fortin Marie-Josée , Hohlenwerger Camila , Carrasco L. Román , Bodin Örjan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration in environmental studies faces the challenge of communicating across disciplines to reach a common understanding of scientific problems and solutions in a changing world. One way to address current pressing environmental challenges is to employ a boundary work approach that uses activities across borders of separated field of research. But how can this look like in practice? In this research brief, we self-evaluated the boundary work approach in a synthesis group on socio-ecological systems, based on an online survey with participants. Here, we discuss how boundary work can be used to integrate the knowledge from natural and social scientists both working on social-ecological systems. We found participants were selected to be acted as boundary spanners and were willing to cooperate for solving multidisciplinary issues regarding the understanding, management, and maintenance of ecosystem services. A social-ecological network analysis framework served as a boundary concept and object for communication and knowledge integration. Being familiar with a joint boundary concept like ecosystem services prior to the working group event supported the communication of participants. These results indicate that synthesis initiatives could strategically leverage boundary work through the careful selection of members, with the inclusion of boundary spanners, as well as prior joint identification of boundary concepts and objects.
Is transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma really more challenging? A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Corallino D. , Balla A. , Palmieri L. , Sperduti I. , Ortenzi M. , Guerrieri M. , Paganini A. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Minimally invasive surgery is the gold standard treatment for adrenal masses, but it may be a challenging procedure in the case of pheochromocytoma (PHEO). The aim of the present study is to report the results of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (TLA) in cases of PHEO in comparison to other types of adrenal lesions.

Methods
From 1994 to 2021, 629 patients underwent adrenalectomy. Twenty-two and thirty-five patients, respectively, were excluded because they underwent bilateral and open adrenalectomy, leaving 572 patients for inclusion. Of these, 114 patients had PHEO (Group A), and 458 had other types of lesions (Group B). To adjust for potential baseline confounders, a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted.

Results
After PSM, 114 matched pairs of patients were identified from each group. Statistically significant differences were not observed when comparing the median operative time (85 and 90 min in Groups A and B, respectively, p = 0.627), conversion rate [6 (5.3%) in each group, p = 1.000], transfusion rate [4 (3.5%) and 3 (2.6%) in Groups A and B, respectively, p = 1.000], complication rate [7 (6.1%) and 9 (7.9%) in Groups A and B, respectively, p = 0.796), median postoperative hospital stay (3.9 and 3.6 days in Groups A and B, respectively, p = 0.110), and mortality rate [1 (0.9%) in each group, p = 1.000].

Conclusions
Based on this analysis, the results of TLA for PHEO are equivalent to those of TLA for other types of adrenal lesions, but the fundamental requirements are multidisciplinary patient management and adequate surgeon experience. Further prospective studies are required to draw definitive conclusions.
Defect Engineering of Disordered Carbon Anodes with Ultra-High Heteroatom Doping Through a Supermolecule-Mediated Strategy for Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Zhao Lei , Sun Shirong , Lin Jinxin , Zhong Lei , Chen Liheng , Guo Jing , Yin Jian , Alshareef Husam N. , Qiu Xueqing , Zhang Wenli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmorphous carbons are promising anodes for high-rate potassium-ion batteries. Most low-temperature annealed amorphous carbons display unsatisfactory capacities. Heteroatom-induced defect engineering of amorphous carbons could enhance their reversible capacities. Nevertheless, most lignocellulose biomasses lack heteroatoms, making it a challenge to design highly heteroatom-doped carbons (> 10 at%). Herein, we report a new preparation strategy for amorphous carbon anodes. Nitrogen/sulfur co-doped lignin-derived porous carbons (NSLPC) with ultra-high nitrogen doping levels (21.6 at% of N and 0.8 at% of S) from renewable lignin biomacromolecule precursors were prepared through a supramolecule-mediated pyrolysis strategy. This supermolecule/lignin composite decomposes forming a covalently bonded graphitic carbon/amorphous carbon intermediate product, which induces the formation of high heteroatom doping in the obtained NSLPC. This unique pyrolysis chemistry and high heteroatom doping of NSLPC enable abundant defective active sites for the adsorption of K+ and improved kinetics. The NSLPC anode delivered a high reversible capacity of 419 mAh g‒1 and superior cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.6% at 1 A g‒1 for 1000 cycles). Potassium-ion hybrid capacitors assembled by NSLPC anode exhibited excellent cycling stability (91% capacity retention for 2000 cycles) and a high energy density of 71 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 92 W kg–1.
Investigation of radionuclide levels and estimation for real emanated radon in rock samples collected from Sinai-Egypt
Authors: Saber A. , Aly Hanan. A. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the distributions of radionuclides activity as well as radon concentrations in selected rock samples collected from Sinai-Egypt were investigated. Radionuclides distribution, 238U, 232Th and 40K, in rock samples, which were gathered from Um-Bogma region, was calculated by HPGe detector. Also radon concentration has been measured by using (SSNTD) CR-39. Using empirical equations, the concentration of 222Rn emitted (226Ra decaying) was computed and compared to the tracks recorded by CR-39. From our data, the average specific activity in Bq kg−1 for 238U, 235U, 234U, 226Ra 232Th and 40K were obtained. Measured radon concentrations as generated alpha tracks owing to 222Rnm (measured radon) were compared to occurring 222Rnp (predicted radon) as 226Ra alpha decay to determine measured radon loss in natural samples taken from Sinai, Egypt. The geological structure appears to be the main factor affect on detected radon concentration and results shows that radon emanation was influenced by the rock type.
Condition of bob veal calves on arrival at an abattoir in Ohio
Authors: England Zachary A , Maggard Hannah L , Fisher Andrew D , Roadknight Natalie W , Pempek Jessica A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous research has shown surplus dairy calves arrive at ‘formula-fed’ veal operations in North America in sub-optimal condition; however, little is known about the condition of ‘bob’ veal calves on arrival at abattoirs. The objectives of this study were to assess the condition of bob veal calves on arrival at an abattoir in Ohio and determine risk factors for poor health outcomes. On arrival, 35 calves in each of 12 cohorts (n = 420 calves) were assessed using a standardised health examination. A blood sample was also collected to assess failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) and hypoglycaemia. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the prevalence of poor health outcomes. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to identify if calf breed, sex, or source were risk factors for poor health outcomes. The most common physical health concern observed on arrival at the abattoir was dehydration (mean: 68.6%), followed by thin body condition (39.8%), and navel inflammation (25.7%). Approximately one-quarter (23.4%) of calves had FTPI and 73.4% were hypoglycaemic. Male calves were more likely than females to arrive hypoglycaemic. Hydration status was associated with breed; Jersey and crossbreed calves were less likely to be dehydrated than Holstein-Friesian calves. Buying station tended to be associated with FTPI. These results underline the need for more studies investigating morbidity, mortality, and their underlying risk factors to promote calf welfare prior to slaughter in each stage of the production chain: on the dairy farm of birth, during marketing, and in transit.
French Criminal Law in Light of the European Court of Human Rights Requirements: Analysis of Some Recent Disputes
Authors: Aubert Bernadette 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTSince the adoption of the European Convention on Human Rights and, above all, since the implementation of the European Court of Human Rights, national criminal law has been constrained. The legal authorities of the Member States must respect a certain number of obligations provided for by the text and interpreted by the European jurisdiction. If this is not the case, the applicants can appeal at the Court of Strasbourg and demand compensation for the violation of their fundamental rights. This is how the European Court, through its many decisions, has enabled a certain harmonization within the Council of Europe, which is now made up of 47 States. France does not escape condemnation. Even if it has sometimes resisted the Court’s injunctions, the latter’s judgments have nonetheless obliged France to contain its incriminations and to limit the restrictions on the rights of persons placed in detention. Freedom of expression is quite a remarkable illustration of the necessary delimitation of incriminations. While the Court accepts that States retain a margin of appreciation, it exercises an attentive and rigorous eye when States reduce the exercise of this freedom. The balance is always difficult to determine, but it must be right. Concerning the rights of detainees, the Court seems more flexible regarding States and hesitates in its positions. However, even if there is a restriction of freedoms, the incarcerated individuals remain citizens. They must therefore be able to exercise a certain number of rights. This is linked to their status as subjects of law.
Epistemic Democracy: Making Pluralism Productive
Authors: Müller Julian F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhat, if anything, is the import of Hayek to epistemic democracy? Although Hayek is revered by epistemic democrats for his insights into the epistemic aspects of the market sphere, it is generally believed that his theory is moot with respect to democratic reason. This paper aims to challenge this verdict. I argue that a Hayekian analysis of inclusive public deliberation contributes at least three valuable lessons: (1) Hayek makes the case that under certain conditions even unbiased deliberators are permanently unable to converge on the best available policy option. Call this the problem of ‘persistent hidden policy champions’. (2) He demonstrates that to unlock hidden policy champions, reasonable minority factions need the opportunity to act on their own evidential standards. (3) He challenges epistemic democrats to think more carefully about how to design the “epistemic basic structure” (Kurtulmus and Irzik 2017) of society in order to account for persistent hidden policy champions.
Hydrothermal alteration and element migration in the Egongtang uranium deposit, central Nanling Range, South China
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhong Fujun , Pan Jiayong , Xia Fei , Zeng Renyu , Wu Dehai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrothermal alteration records fluid–rock interactions and can therefore be used to constrain element migrations during mineralization. Although hydrothermal alteration is widely developed in hydrothermal vein-type uranium deposits in South China, consideration of elemental mass changes during alteration has not been examined. The Egongtang uranium deposit in the central Nanling Range is mainly hosted by the Qingzhangshan granite in South China, and was strongly altered by K-feldspar, quartz, chlorite, illite, haematite, pyrite and carbonates. The alteration section can be divided into five horizontal zones: fresh granite (Zone V), a distal alkaline alteration zone (Zone IV), a chlorite-rich zone (Zone III), a close-to-ore sericite/illite alteration zone (Zone II) and a central mineralization zone with strong haematitization (Zone I). Whole-rock geochemistry of the altered samples indicates that from Zone IV to Zone I, the content of SiO2 and U increases significantly. The mass gains of SiO2, MgO and Fe2O3 were proportional to the concentration of U. The content of trace elements (such as Ba, K, La, Ce, Pr, Sr, P, Eu, etc.) gradually decreases from Zone V to Zone I. The rare earth elements manifest a decrease in light rare earth elements and a slight increase in heavy rare earth elements accordingly from Zone V to Zone I. This study shows that the ore materials of the Egongtang deposit were mainly derived from the Qingzhangshan granites. In the early alkali alterations, large amounts of U were partitioned into the fluids. In the ore-forming stage, ores precipitated accompanied by acid metasomatism such as chloritization, haematitization and carbonation.