bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CAVITIES IN PRACTICAL PHTHISIOLOGY
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Karpina N.L , Asanov R.B. ,   A.F. Agafonov Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, Shabalina I.Yu. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Egorova A.D. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Stepanyan I.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Ergeshov A.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2022

Objective: to describe the structure of nosological forms of pulmonary diseases in differential diagnosis of lung cavities in a federal TB institution and assess the effectiveness of diagnosis verification based on studies of different samples (sputum, bronchoscopic samples, resection samples). Materials and methods. We conducted a cohort prospective open study. We examined 122 patients with newly detected lung cavities at the Central TB Research Institute: 60 (49%) women and 62 (51%) men with the average age of 42.9 ± 14.2 years. Results. Among 122 patients with lung cavities the following diagnoses were verified: 41.8% of pulmonary TB cases, 41% of pulmonary mycobacteriosis cases, 11.5% of destructive pneumonia cases, and 5.7% of lung cancer cases. Destructive TB was verified based on: complex sputum study – 54.9%, complex study of bronchoscopic samples – 91.3% (р = 0.003), and complex study of resection samples – 100% of cases (р = 0.016). The study of bronchoscopic samples was the most significant for the verification of destructive pneumonia – 100% vs. 28.6% of cases verified by sputum study (р < 0.001, χ2 = 12.245). Pulmonary mycobacteriosis was verified based on sputum study in 28% of cases vs. 44.4% of cases verified by bronchoscopic sample study, though without statistically significant difference (р = 0.223, χ2 = 1.490); only resection sample study enabled to verify the diagnosis in 100% of cases (р < 0.001, χ2 = 17.959). Among patients with pulmonary mycobacteriosis, slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were isolated in 92% of cases; the most common were M. avium complex (46%) and M. kansasii (28%). Lung cancer was confirmed by bronchoscopic study in 57.1% of cases, while resection sample study confirmed the diagnosis in 100% of cases. In outpatient settings the verification of lung cavity differential diagnosis based on sputum or bronchoscopic sample study was effective in 79.5% of cases. Hospitalization for surgical diagnostic procedures was required in 20.5% of cases. Conclusion. In the structure of nosological forms of lung cavities pulmonary TB (41.8%) and pulmonary mycobacteriosis (41%) prevailed. We established high effectiveness of diagnosis verification in lung cavity patients based on complex study of bronchoscopic samples or resection samples performed in the federal TB centre. In general, invasive diagnostic procedures were required in 82.8% of cases; the diagnosis verification was achieved due to bronchoscopic sampling in 67.1% of cases, or surgical interventions – in 100% of cases.
PROGRESSION AND DIAGNOSIS FEATURES OF VARIOUS FORMS OF TUBERCULOUS SYNOVITIS
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Semenova L.A. , Khomenko V.A. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Mamonov V.E. ,   National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia, Lyalina V.V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia, Guseynov T.Sh. ,   Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2022

Tuberculous synovitis occurs in various forms: multiorgan tuberculous inflammation, in combination with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), with osteoarticular tuberculosis, and singularly. The pathogenesis of tuberculous synovitis includes hematogenous dissemination of the pathogen into the synovial membrane with the development of a specific inflammatory process [5, 8, 1, 11]. Later, with a delayed diagnosis and absence of pathogenetic therapy, the inflammatory process can affect the bone tissue with development of specific tuberculous osteomyelitis. This work demonstrates different courses of tuberculous synovitis and diagnostic criteria of specific inflammation.
PEMANFAATAN BERBAGAI DOSIS SERBUK GERGAJI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN UMUR SIMPAN BENIH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Umroh Umroh , Rosmalinda Rosmalinda , Jatsiyah Venty , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Hermanto Sarwendah Ratnawati 
Published: December 2022

Benih kakao merupakan benih yang mempunyai sifat mudah berkecambah atau yang disebut rekalsitran. Teknis penyimpanan benih rekalsitran tidak dapat dikeringkan di bawah kadar air kritis, mudah berkecambah dan tidak toleran terhadap suhu rendah, sehingga perlu modifikasi penyimpanan dengan menggunakan media simpan serbuk gergaji agar benih tetap berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis serbuk gergaji terhadap daya simpan benih kakao. Selain itu juga mengetahui perlakuan terbaik dari berbagai dosis serbuk gergaji yang dapat meningkatkan umur simpan benih kakao. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari kadar air benih selama penyimpanan, benih berjamur di penyimpanan dan persentase perkecambahan di penyemaian. Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Apabila hasil berpengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media simpan serbuk gergaji terbaik yaitu dosis 180 gram (A5) dapat menurunkan persentase benih berjamur di penyimpanan.
Association of COVID-19 Vaccination With Breakthrough Infections and Complications in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Gong Inna Y. , Vijenthira Abi , Powis Melanie , Calzavara Andrew , Patrikar Aditi , Sutradhar Rinku , Hicks Lisa K. , Wilton Drew , Singh Simron , Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Cheung Matthew C. 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePatients with cancer are known to have increased risk of COVID-19 complications, including death.ObjectiveTo determine the association of COVID-19 vaccination with breakthrough infections and complications in patients with cancer compared to noncancer controls.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective population-based cohort study using linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, in residents 18 years and older who received COVID-19 vaccination. Three matched groups were identified (based on age, sex, type of vaccine, date of vaccine): 1:4 match for patients with hematologic and solid cancer to noncancer controls (hematologic and solid cancers separately analyzed), 1:1 match between patients with hematologic and patients with solid cancer.ExposuresCancer diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes occurring 14 days after receipt of second COVID-19 vaccination dose: primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection; secondary outcomes were emergency department visit, hospitalization, and death within 4 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection (end of follow-up March 31, 2022). Multivariable cumulative incidence function models were used to obtain adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 289 400 vaccinated patients with cancer (39 880 hematologic; 249 520 solid) with 1 157 600 matched noncancer controls were identified; the cohort was 65.4% female, and mean (SD) age was 66 (14.0) years. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection was higher in patients with hematologic cancer (aHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.20-1.46; P &amp;lt; .001) but not in patients with solid cancer (aHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.05; P = .87). COVID-19 severe outcomes (composite of hospitalization and death) were significantly higher in patients with cancer compared to patients without cancer (aHR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.42-1.63; P &amp;lt; .001). Risk of severe outcomes was higher among patients with hematologic cancer (aHR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.21-2.85; P &amp;lt; .001) than patients with solid cancer (aHR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24-1.64; P &amp;lt; .001). Patients receiving active treatment had a further heightened risk for COVID-19 severe outcomes, particularly those who received anti-CD20 therapy. Third vaccination dose was associated with lower infection and COVID-19 complications, except for patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large population-based cohort study, patients with cancer had greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and worse outcomes than patients without cancer, and the risk was highest for patients with hematologic cancer and any patients with cancer receiving active treatment. Triple vaccination was associated with lower risk of poor outcomes.
Utility Assessment of Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease Health States
Authors: Smith Terry J. , Cockerham Kimberly , Lelli Gary , Choudhary Chitra , Taylor Stephanie , Barretto Naina , Enstone Ashley , Oliver Louisa , Lynch Judah , Holt Robert J. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThyroid eye disease (TED) results in varying degrees of proptosis and diplopia negatively affecting quality of life (QoL), producing possibly substantial visual changes, disfigurement, and disability.ObjectiveTo determine the association of varying TED severities with QoL in a non-TED population by assessing health state utility scores.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study, conducted from April 20, 2020, to April 29, 2021, assessed health states for active, moderate-severe TED, and values were elicited using time trade-off methods. Six health states of varying severity were determined from 2 placebo-controlled clinical trials (171 patients with TED and clinical activity score ≥4, ±diplopia/proptosis) and refined using interviews with US patients with TED (n = 6). Each health state description was validated by interviews with additional TED patient advocates (n = 3) and physician experts (n = 3). Health state descriptions and a QOL questionnaire were piloted and administered to a general population. Visual analog scales (VASs) were also administered to detect concurrence of the findings.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTED health state utility scores and whether they differ from one another were assessed using Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum, and paired t tests.ResultsA total of 111 participants completed time trade-off interviews. The mean (SD) utility value was 0.44 (0.34). The lowest (worse) mean utility value was observed in the most severe disease state (constant diplopia/large proptosis) with 0.30 (95% CI, 0.24-0.36), followed by constant diplopia/small proptosis (0.34; 95% CI, 0.29-0.40), intermittent or inconstant diplopia/large proptosis (0.43; 95% CI, 0.36-0.49), no diplopia/large proptosis (0.46; 95% CI, 0.40-0.52), and intermittent or inconstant diplopia/small proptosis (0.52; 95% CI, 0.45-0.58). The highest (best) mean value, 0.60 (95% CI, 0.54-0.67), was observed for the least severe disease state (no diplopia/small proptosis).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that patients with active, moderate-severe TED may have substantial disutility, with increasing severity of proptosis/diplopia more likely to have detrimental associations with QoL. These health state scores may provide a baseline for determining QoL improvement in these TED health states (utility gains) treated with new therapies.
Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines for the Management of Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ritter Alex , Koirala Nischal , Wieland Andreas , Kaumaya Pravin T. P. , Mitchell Darrion L. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSquamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is prevalent globally and in the US. Management, particularly after disease recurrence, can be challenging, and exploring additional treatment modalities, such as therapeutic cancer vaccines, may offer an opportunity to improve outcomes in this setting.ObservationsThis review provides an overview of the clinical efficacy of different treatment modalities that are currently available for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic HNSCC, including checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, with a detailed summary of the numerous T-cell vaccines that have been studied in the setting of HNSCC, as well as a detailed summary of B-cell therapeutic vaccines being investigated for various malignant tumors.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this review suggest that several therapeutic T-cell and B-cell vaccines, which have been recently developed and evaluated in a clinical setting, offer a promising treatment modality with the potential to improve outcomes for patients with recurrent and metastatic HNSCC.
Attributable patient risk in nuclear medicine procedures and establishment of diagnostic reference levels
Authors: de Souza Ribeiro Julio Cesar , de Mendes Janaína Dutra Silvestre , de Sá Lidia V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe assessment of risk related to medical exposures as a justification tool to assist decision‐making of the medical team is not available in clinical routine. The determination of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for nuclear medicine (NM) procedures has been proposed as an optimization tool, but this tool has still been aimed at a standard adult individual. It is known that the activity administered, and the consequent absorbed doses in critical organs, represents the risk of a procedure being cancer induction the greatest concern, especially for young patients. Thus, the adjustment of administered activity and procedure risk to promote risk–benefit assessment is a promising tool for routine clinical use. This work aims to present a tool for determining DRLs in the administered activity related to the patient's characteristics—age group, sex, and body mass index (BMI), in order to assist the medical decision regarding the risk–benefit ratio. Thus, it is possible to assess the risk of carcinogenesis in groups of patients, considering absorbed doses in organs, cancer incidence, and mortality rates in our country. NIREA is an IT tool developed in PHP language for web environment as a friendly software. It allows the establishment of DRL and risk of cancer induced by radiation assessment through the estimation of absorbed doses in specific organs and based on the risk methodology of BEIR VII. The absorbed and effective doses were estimated based on the dose conversion factors of the radiopharmaceuticals published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection adjusted for the patient groups. Based on data from 2256 patients who underwent diagnostic procedures at National Cancer Institute between 2017 and 2019, the program was used, resulting in important information for conducting the clinical routine extracted as DRL, absorbed doses, and risk assessments, considering patient‐specific data such as age, sex, and BMI. The methodology developed in this work allows NM services to keep their data available and updated regarding local DRLs, in addition to allowing the nuclear physician to know the risk of each procedure performed, extracted by individual characteristics of the patient. The affirmative is significant because the data could be used by the regulatory body of practices with ionizing radiation in Brazil to establish a reference level in Activity that has not yet existed in the country.
Neuro‐Glia‐Vascular‐on‐a‐Chip System to Assess Aggravated Neurodegeneration via Brain Endothelial Cells upon Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles
Authors: Seo Suyeong , Jang Minjeong , Kim Hwieun , Sung Jong Hwan , Choi Nakwon , Lee Kangwon , Kim Hong Nam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAir pollution induces neurodegeneration, including cognitive deficits, neuroinflammation, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier. The mechanisms underlying air pollution‐mediated neurodegeneration have not yet been fully elucidated given the limited knowledge on intercellular interactions. A brain‐on‐a‐chip platform is presented comprising neurons, glia, and brain endothelial cells (bECs; neuro‐glia‐vascular, NGV) and diesel exhaust particle (DEP)‐induced neurodegeneration is evaluated with a particular focus on the intercellular interactions. DEP exposure in the NGV model yields Alzheimer's disease‐like signatures, including amyloid beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and neuronal cell death. bEC‐secreted granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) stimulates microglial activation and the overproduction of H2O2/ROS in microglia, suggesting that the bEC‐microglia‐neuron is a neurodegeneration cascade. Pharmacological inhibition at each step of the cascade, including GM‐CSF neutralization, microglial activation suppression, and ROS scavenging, prohibits neurodegeneration in the NGV model. Therefore, intercellular interactions should be further studied of air pollution‐induced neurodegeneration.
Reconstruction of Electric Double Layer for Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Hua Haiming , Lv Zeheng , Zhang Minghao , Liu Chaoyue , Wen Zhipeng , Xie Haodong , He Weidong , Zhao Jinbao , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable Zn metal batteries (AZMBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their intrinsic high volumetric capacity and low cost. However, the unstable Zn/electrolyte interface causes Zn dendrite growth and side reactions, resulting in poor Coulombic efficiency and unsatisfactory lifespan. Herein, a SiO2 reinforced‐sodium alginate (SA) hybrid film is designed to regulate solid–liquid interaction energy and spatial distribution of all species in the electric double layer (EDL) near the Zn electrode. The unique interfacial layer gives rise to a uniform distribution of Zn2+ in the Helmholtz layer through solvation sheath modulation. Moreover, theoretical calculations show that the SO42− anions and free‐water are substantially reduced in the Helmholtz layer, effectively suppressing hydrogen evolution reaction and formation of by‐products through strong charge repulsion and hydrogen bond fixing of free‐water. The reconfigured EDL not only ensures homogenous and fast Zn2+ transport kinetics for dendrite‐free Zn deposition, but also eliminates interface parasitic side reactions. The Zn@SiO2‐SA electrode enables excellent cycling stability of symmetrical cells and high‐loading full AZMBs with a lifespan over 3000 h and an areal capacity of 2.05 mAh cm−2, thus laying a solid basis for realizing practical AZMBs.
Scaled‐Up Synthesis of Freestanding Molybdenum Disulfide Membranes for Nanopore Sensing
Authors: Alibakhshi Mohammad Amin , Kang Xinqi , Clymer David , Zhang Zhuoyu , Vargas Anthony , Meunier Vincent , Wanunu Meni 
Published: December 2022

Abstract2D materials are ideal for nanopores with optimal detection sensitivity and resolution. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has gained traction as a less hydrophobic material than graphene. However, experiments using 2D nanopores remain challenging due to the lack of scalable methods for high‐quality freestanding membranes. Herein, a site‐directed, scaled‐up synthesis of MoS2 membranes on predrilled nanoapertures on 4‐inch wafer substrates with 75% yields is reported. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which introduces sulfur and molybdenum dioxide vapors across the sub‐100 nm nanoapertures results in exclusive formation of freestanding membranes that seal the apertures. Nucleation and growth near the nanoaperture edges is followed by nanoaperture decoration with MoS2, which proceeds until a critical flake curvature is achieved, after which fully spanning freestanding membranes form. Intentional blocking of reagent flow through the apertures inhibits MoS2 nucleation around the nanoapertures, promoting the formation of large‐crystal monolayer MoS2 membranes. The in situ grown membranes along with facile membrane wetting and nanopore formation using dielectric breakdown enables the recording of dsDNA translocation events at an unprecedentedly high 1 MHz bandwidth. The methods presented here are important steps toward the development of scalable single‐layer membrane manufacture for 2D nanofluidics and nanopore applications.
A Super Tough, Rapidly Biodegradable, Ultrafast Hemostatic Bioglue
Authors: Wang Hufei , Cheng Junyao , Sun Feifei , Dou Xueyu , Liu Jianheng , Wang Yiru , Li Ming , Gao Jianpeng , Liu Xiao , Wang Xing , Yang Fei , Zhu Ziran , Shen Hong , Zhang Licheng , Tang Peifu , Wu Decheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeath happening due to massive hemorrhage has been involved in military conflicts, traffic accidents, and surgical injuries of various human disasters. Achieving rapid and effective hemostasis to save lives is crucial in urgent massive bleeding situations. Herein, a covalent cross‐linked AG‐PEG glue based on extracellular matrix‐like amino‐gelatin (AG) and PEG derivatives is developed. The AG‐PEG glue gelatinizes fast and exhibits firm and indiscriminate close adhesion with various moist tissues upon being dosed. The formed glue establishes an adhesive and robust barrier to seal the arterial, hepatic, and cardiac hemorrhagic wounds, enabling it to withstand up to 380 mmHg blood pressure in comparison with normal systolic blood pressure of 60–180 mmHg. Remarkably, massive bleeding from a pig cardiac penetrating hole with 6 mm diameter is effectively stopped using the glue within 60 s. Postoperative indexes of the treated pig gradually recover and the cardiac wounds regrow significantly at 14 days. Possessing on‐demand solubility, self‐gelling, and rapid degradability, the AG‐PEG glue may provide a fascinating stop‐bleeding approach for clinical hemostasis and emergency rescue.
Tunable Photochromism of Spirooxazine in the Solid State: A New Design Strategy Based on the Hypochromic Effect
Authors: Zhang Tianze , Lou Xin‐Yue , Li Xiaoyan , Tu Xi , Han Jie , Zhao Bin , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs an important organic photofunctional material, spirooxazine (SO) usually does not exhibit photochromism in the solid state since the intermolecular π–π stacking impedes photoisomerization. Developing photochromic SO in the solid state is crucial for practical applications but is still full of challenges. Here, a series of spirooxazine derivatives (SO1–SO4) with bulky aromatic substituents at the 4‐ and 7‐positions of the skeleton, which provide them with a large volume with which to undergo solid‐state photochromism under mild conditions, is designed and synthesized. All the compounds SO1–SO4 exhibit tunable solid photochromism without ground colors, excellent fatigue resistance, and high thermal stability. Notably, it takes only 15 s for SO4 to reach the saturation of absorption intensity, thought to represent the fastest solid‐state photoresponse of spirooxazines. X‐ray crystal structures of the intermediate compound SO0 and the products SO1–SO2 as well as computational studies suggest that the bulky aromatic groups can lead to a hypochromic effect, allowing for the photochromism of SO in the solid state. The ideal photochromic properties of these spirooxazines open a new avenue for their applications in UV printing, quick response code, and related fields.