bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing recurrent macular holes with ready‐to‐use freeze‐dried disks of human amniotic membranes
Authors: Mathis Thibaud , De Smet Marc , Barnouin Laurence , Laurent Kodjikian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Primary Macular Holes (MH) have a closure rate of 85%–90%. However, for large or recurrent MH, there is an ongoing debate regarding the best technique. Recent studies have highlighted the use of amniotic membrane in the treatment of recurrent MH. For this purpose, easy‐to‐use small disks of freeze‐dried and sterile human amniotic membrane (hAM) can be proposed. A phase II open and prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a hAM in the closure of recurrent MHs.Methods: Patients between 18 and 75 years old with full thickness MHs of all etiologies that failed to close after previous pars plana vitrectomy were included. Small disks of 3 mm or 5 mm diameter of virally inactivated, freeze‐dried and sterile hAM, with intensive microbiological controls was proposed for this study. After inclusion, all patients underwent vitrectomy and hAM placement on the MH. Closure of recurrent MH (primary objective), clinical tolerance, functional restoration and impact of hAM on the retina area (secondary objectives) were assessed in the 6 months following the surgery.Results: Ten eyes of 10 patients with large recurrent MH of 412–1324 μm (mean = 715 μm) were treated in the study. Closure was complete in six eyes (60%). For two patients (20%), MH closed partially before recurring. Best corrected visual acuity improved for four of the six eyes who achieved complete MH closure (67%). No safety issue related to the hAM were reported. hAM can be persistent on MH after 6 months.Conclusions: Early results of the study suggest that freeze‐dried hAM is a safe and effective option for the treatment of recurrent MH.
The relationship of retinal vessel calibres with cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy young eyes
Authors: El Youssfi Asmae Igalla , Hidalgo‐Saiz Beatriz , Cedrun‐Sanchez Juan , Alonso José Manuel López , Puell María 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Although retinal vascular calibre has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, it remains unclear whether retinal vascular morphologic changes are already evident in young adults and correlate with modifiable CV risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of retinal arteriolar and venular calibre with CV risk factors and ocular parameters in healthy young subjects.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed in 52 apparently healthy subjects (mean 21.6 ± 2.2 years of age). Retinal vascular calibres were measured from fundus photographs using semi‐automated imaging software and expressed as central retinal arteriolar (CRAE) or venular (CRVE) equivalent and arterio‐venous ratio (AVR). CV risk factors and ocular parameters were assessed. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to detect the independent relationship between retinal vascular calibre and CV and ocular parameters.Results: Means for CRAE and CRVE were 191 ± 15.4 μm and 209 ± 15.8 μm respectively. The mean CRAE but not CRVE was significantly higher in women than in men (p = 0.009). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and spherical equivalent were significant contributing factors to CRAE (SBP: p < 0.001; SE: p = 0.021). However, CRVE was not significantly predicted by CV risk factors or ocular parameters. SBP was the only one independent contributor to AVR (p = 0.018).Conclusions: In young adults, higher SBP was found to be related to narrower retinal arterioles, but not to retinal venules. Sex and other confounding CV or ocular factors had no effect on the relationship of SBP and retinal vessel calibre.
Assessing the impact of long‐term idebenone treatment on various visual acuity outcomes in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON): Results, according to primary mitochondrial DNA mutation, from the prospective, natural history‐controlled LEROS study
Authors: Tomasso Livia , Carelli Valerio , Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Klopstock Thomas ,   the LEROS Study Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: In LEROS, visual acuity (VA) outcomes in idebenone‐treated patients with LHON were compared to an external, matched, natural history (NH) cohort. Here, we report results from a cumulative frequency analysis to understand the impact of idebenone on carriers of each of the primary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations.Methods: Patients with LHON and a confirmed primary mtDNA mutation (11 778, 14 484 or 3460) were enrolled and stratified by time since onset: acute (≤1 year) and chronic (>1 but ≤5 years). Data from 181 patients treated up to 24 months were compared to retrospective data from the NH cohort (372 patients), matched by time since onset. In a cumulative frequency analysis, VA change was assessed from baseline to month 24. A change of ≥0.2 logMAR was considered a clinically relevant recovery or worsening, depending on the direction of change.Results: For carriers of the 11 778 mutation, VA outcomes were observed, in treated versus untreated eyes, as follows: recovery: 38.3% (23/60) vs. 14.9% (7/47) [acute], 24.4% (20/82) vs. 13.7% (7/51) [chronic]; worsening: 24.4% (10/41) vs. 66.7% (20/30) [acute], 4.4% (2/45) vs. 31.6% (6/19) [chronic]. For 14 484 carriers VA outcomes were as follows: recovery: 74.3% (26/35) vs. 70.0% (7/10) [acute], 90.9% (10/11) vs. 16.7% (3/18) [chronic]; worsening: 2.9% (1/35) vs. 22.2% (2/9) [acute], 0.0% (0/8) vs. 16.7% (3/18) [chronic]. For 3460 carriers, outcomes were as follows: recovery: 34.6% (9/26) vs. 61.1% (11/18) [acute], and 30.4% (7/23) vs. 20.8% (5/24) [chronic]; worsening: 76.5% (13/17) vs. 30.0% (3/10) [acute], and 0.0% (0/15) vs. 13.0% (3/23) [chronic].Conclusions: Idebenone can improve the ratio of positive to negative VA outcomes in a large proportion of patients with LHON, although these benefits seem to manifest to varying degrees dependent on disease stage and/or causative mtDNA mutation. Carriers of the most prevalent mutation, 11 778, saw a consistent treatment benefit regardless of disease stage.
Investigating the use of translational readthrough inducing drugs in keratocytes from a mouse model of brittle cornea syndrome
Authors: Stanton Chloe , Findlay Amy , Drake Camilla , Vitart Veronique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Brittle Cornea Syndrome (BCS) is a rare recessive condition characterized by extreme thinning of the cornea. The collagen‐rich corneal stroma accounts for 90% of corneal thickness in humans, and is a major determinant of visual acuity. BCS results from homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in ZNF469 (BCS1) or PRDM5 (BCS2). Our mouse model of BCS1, caused by a premature termination codon (PTC) mutation in Zfp469, showed that the stroma is thinner due to of decreased type 1 collagen expression1. To elucidate disease mechanisms and test potential therapies, we established a primary keratocyte disease‐in‐a‐dish model of BCS1. Translational readthrough inducing drugs (TRIDs) can restore full‐length proteins truncated by PTC and are a potential treatment for 20% of BCS patients with PTC mutations. Primary keratocytes from our BCS1 mouse model were treated with TRIDs to assess their efficacy in improving the BCS phenotype in vitro.Methods: Zfp469BCS1/BCS1 keratocytes were treated with TRIDs PTC124 (ataluren), amlexanox, gentamicin, geneticin or vehicle‐only, for 2 or 5 days. Following treatment, Zfp469 and Col1a1 mRNA levels were evaluated by RT‐qPCR. Changes to keratocyte cell‐derived matrices were assessed using immunostaining or the collagen dye CNA35.Results: Zfp469BCS1/BCS1 keratocytes express 40% more Zfp469 mRNA than wildtype cells; this was unchanged by treatment with amlexanox, geneticin or gentamicin. PTC124 decreased expression of Zfp469 by 50%. Expression of Col1a1, a key component of the stromal matrix, was significantly decreased by PTC124 treatment (<65% relative to vehicle‐only Zfp469BCS1/BCS1 keratocytes). Collagen deposition, visualized using CNA35 dyes, was decreased by PTC124 treatment in BCS and wildtype keratocytes.Conclusions: BCS is a devastating condition. Extreme thinning of the corneal stroma, as a result of impaired collagen production by keratocytes, makes the cornea prone to rupture. This causes irreversible sight loss. There is currently no treatment for BCS. Our initial work suggests that TRIDs may not restore functional full‐length Zfp469 in primary keratocytes and are unlikely to be of therapeutic benefit in BCS.Reference1. Stanton CM et al. A mouse model of brittle cornea syndrome caused by mutation in Zfp469. Dis Model Mech. 2021;14(9):dmm049175.
A mouse model of brittle cornea syndrome type 2
Authors: Findlay Amy , Stanton Chloe , Mustafa M. , Drake Camilla , Vitart Veronique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Brittle Cornea Syndrome (BCS) is a rare disease that affects 1 in 1 000 000 people world wide. With a reduction in cornea thickness and therefore strength sufferers have an increase in loss of vision through injury. Our lab has previously published the first mouse model of BCS Type 1(1) and are currently characterizing a novel model of BCS type 2 in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms causing this disease.Methods: Mice carrying a 7 bp deletion which causes a frameshift and premature stop codon within the causative gene Prdm5 have been extensively phenotyped using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Histology.Results: These mice show a reduced central corneal thickness by OCT from as early as 1 month of age. TEM and histological analysis indicates that this reduction in thickness may be due to the dysregulation of collagen assembly – as stromal collagen fibre diameter is significantly reduced.Conclusions: The structure of the stroma is crucial to corneal function: mechanical strength and transparency are achieved by the intricate arrangement of collagen fibrils, synthesized by keratocytes. Although it is known that the corneal stroma has a unique composition in which the ratio of Type I to Type V collagen is very different to anywhere else in the body, it remains unclear how the synthesis and maintenance of this specialized extracellular matrix by keratocytes is controlled. Characterization of the nature and extent of developmental defects in the cornea of this mouse model will be important to devise future therapeutic interventions.Reference1. Stanton, C. M., Findlay, A. S., Drake, C., Mustafa, M. Z., Gautier, P., McKie, L., Jackson, I. J., & Vitart, V. (2021). A mouse model of brittle cornea syndrome caused by mutation in Zfp469. Disease models & mechanisms, 14(9), dmm049175. https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.049175
DSAEK in corneal decompensation by Baikoff lens implant after traumatic cataract and superior iridodialysis
Authors: Clavería Julia Aramburu , Martínez Marta Suñer , Fernández Miguel Castillo , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Andrés Cisneros , Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To present the assessment and surgical approach to late pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in a case of pseudophakia with Baikoff type anterior chamber (AC) IOL implantation with haptics synechiated to the iridian stroma. We opted for Descemet Stripping with Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK), which allowed us to solve the corneal decompensation.Methods: We present the case of a 72‐year‐old male with a history of traumatic cataract and superior iridodialysis, who was surgically treated with lens extraction and implantation of a three‐haptic Baikoff‐type AC IOL. During the 30 years after surgery, the patient remained stable. However, in 2021, he went for a revision with a decrease in visual acuity. During the slit‐lamp biomicroscopic examination and the images obtained, the presence of synechiae of the three haptics of the lens to the peripheral iridian stroma was evidenced, as well as the presence of generalized edema with increased thickness and loss of corneal transparency, which did not subside with medical treatment.Results: Given the need for surgical intervention, the risk–benefit of performing a lens explant was studied. It was decided to perform a DSAEK endothelial transplantation keeping the IOL in its position, given the existence of a wide iridian dialysis and a wide anterior chamber. During the operation, the implanted gas bubble allowed the graft to adhere properly, although it did not remain in the anterior chamber, due to the presence of the traumatic superior iridodialysis. However, in the immediate postoperative period, the graft of the posterior corneal layers remained adhered without the need of the gas bubble, resolving the previous bullous keratopathy.Conclusions: Late corneal decompensation is a complication to be taken into account in eyes with AC IOL. On the other hand, DSAEK offers advantages in the ease of positioning and maintenance of the graft compared to DMEK in cases with iridodialysis, obtaining a prompt recovery with good refractive results.
Changes in retinal thickness assessed by optical coherence tomography after successful rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery in 1 year follow up
Authors: Fernández Miguel Castillo , Sesé Isabel Bartolomé , el Bakali Ismael Bakali , Arias Pablo Andrés Cisneros , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , Clavería Julia Aramburu , Martínez Marta Suñer , Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso , Lozano Isabel Pinilla 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To study retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Spectralis OCT) in patients after undergone pars plana vitrectomy to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) during different time points over 1 year follow up. OCT can detect retinal thickness changes in RRD. These changes can modify in the follow up time. RRD by itself or due to the surgical procedure could induces macular thickness changes.Methods: We performed a single‐center cross‐sectional descriptive study including 49 eyes of patients with macula OFF RRD after 23 PPV + SF6 as tamponade; the contralateral eye was used as the control group. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination that included refraction, axial length (AL), and Spectralis spectral‐domain (SD)‐OCT.Results: Thirty‐six of the patients were male and 16 female; 40.8% of the eyes were right one. Central foveal thickness was diminished in 1 month and 3 months time points. There were not differences in the 6‐ and 12‐months examination. The parafoveal ring was similar in both groups but there were statistically significant differences in the inferior and nasal outer ring of the ETDRS grid, in the 1 month follow up. After 1 year, differences were only found in the outer temporal and nasal rings.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that retinal thickness remains similar 1 year after RRD was successfully treated. These may indicate that there is a progressive anatomical restoration in the macular area.References1. Zghal I, et al. Macula analysis by spectral domain OCT in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. J Fr Ophthalmol. 2015; 38(3): 181–92.2. Han KJ, et al. Optical coherence tomography automated layer segmentation of macula after retinal detachment repair. Plos One. 2019; 13 (5).3. Terauchi G, et al. Recovery of photoreceptor inner and outer segment layer thickness after reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015; 99(10): 1323–1327.
Clinical features of inflammatory vitreous haemorrhage: A comparative study between children and adults
Authors: Doukh Meryem , Abroug Nesrine , Dridi Tarek , Belghith Yassine , Jallouli Aida , Attia Sonia , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare clinical findings and visual outcomes of vitreous haemorrhage (VH) associated with inflammatory ocular conditions between children and adults patients.Methods: Retrospective study including 46 patients (56 eyes) diagnosed with VH associated with inflammatory ocular conditions in Department of ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba university hospital, Tunisia. Demographics, clinical findings, etiologies, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes were compared between adults and children. Mean follow‐up period was 18 months.Results: There were 10 children (12 eyes) and 36 adults (44 eyes) patients. Mean age was 9.5 years in the children group (six males and four females) and 35 years in the adult group (26 males and 10 females). Comparative study showed that VH in the paediatric group was associated with a significantly lower presenting visual acuity, more frequently vitritis and fern‐like capillaritis, whereas VH in the adult group were more associated with vascular sheathing and retinal haemorrhages. The main mechanism of bleeding was inflammatory optic disc neovessels (NV) in the children group (66.6%, p ≤ 0.001) and ischemic posterior segment NV in the adult group (81.8%, p ≤ 0.001). Idiopathic intermediate uveitis (40%) was the leading cause of VH in the children group. However, tuberculosis (41.7%), Behçet's (19.4%) disease and sarcoidosis (11.1%) were the most common etiologies in the adult group. The mean final visual acuity was significantly higher in the paediatric group (20/25) than the adult group (20/50) (p = 0.045).Conclusions: Inflammatory VH has a distinctive clinical and etiological profile between children and adults.References1. Agarwal A, Karkhur S, Aggarwal K, Invernizzi A, Singh R, Dogra MR, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of inflammatory retinal vascular occlusions: pooled data from two tertiary‐referral institutions: Inflammatory retinal vascular occlusion. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. janv 2018;46(1):62–74.2. Mir TA, Reddy AK, Burkholder BM, Walsh J, Shifera AS, Khan IR, et al. Clinical Features and Incidence Rates of Ocular Complications in Patients With Retinal Vasculitis. Am J Ophthalmol. juill 2017;179:171–8.
Capsular bag transplantation
Authors: Abbas Khoja Amani , del Valle Fernando Gónzalez , Sanchez Javier Celis , Fernandez Maria Jose Dominguez , Sanchez Agustin Nuñez , del Pozo Encarnacion Asensio , Moraleda Laura Garcia Filoso 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the surgical process of extraction of the capsular bag of the crystalline lens from the cadaveric donor and its posterior implant in aniridia and aphakia cases.Methods: This surgical procedure was used in three posttraumatic aniridia and aphakia patients, and in a aphakic case with uveitis‐glaucoma‐ hyphema (UGH) syndrome. In a case was implanted a capsular bag, an intraocular lens (IOL) and an aniridia ring. In two cases in addition was implanted an artificial iris prothesis. In three surgeries, the capsular bag was preserved by freezing prior to the operation. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed in each case. The in‐the‐bag IOL complex was fixed using a cow hitch knot technique.Results: The pseudophakic capsular bags complex remained stable and well positioned in all cases without any rejection phenomena. In the UGH syndrome, the capsular bag transplant avoided the mechanical trauma of the IOL over adjacent anatomical structures.Conclusions: Capsular bag transplant could be a good option in posttraumatic aniridia with aphakia and in UGH syndrome, to resolve these conditions in only one‐stage surgery. This new surgical technique could be the best way to recuperate the anatomical compartmentalization of the eyeball in such cases.
An evaluation of patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and receival of the first intravitreal injection at Rochdale Eye Unit, United Kingdom
Authors: Noor Maha , Mak Sammie , Hussin Hussin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)1, United Kingdom (UK), and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists2 guidelines for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) recommend that all patients referred with suspected nAMD should be reviewed and offered treatment within 14 days of referral. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the current percentage of patients with nAMD being referred to the Rochdale Eye Unit, UK, who are reviewed and offered therapy within 14 days and to establish any causes of delays.Methods: A retrospective study of all patients newly referred for assessment and treatment of nAMD between 1st September 2021 – 30th April 2022 was performed. For each patient, data were collected (OpenEyes™) on dates of referral, review in medical retina clinic, 1st, 2nd, 3rd intravitreal injection (IVI), follow‐up, visual acuity at presentation and follow‐up, and any causes of delay in receiving injections or follow‐up. A total of 74 eyes were identified.Results: Of the 74 eyes, 17 (23%) received the 1st IVI within 14 of days of referral. 42 eyes (56%) received the first IVI within 1 month of referral. The number of days between referral to 1st IVI varied considerably, with an average of 74 days, and mode of 25 days. The causes for delay included patients being lost to follow up (25%), awaiting fundus fluorescein angiography (5%), being re‐booked due to other health concerns (7%), and incapacity to meet demands (63%).Conclusions: A growing aging population has increased the demands on Ophthalmology departments, such as Rochdale Eye Unit, to provide a robust nAMD service. We recommend establishment of an independent referral system for patients with suspected/known nAMD and higher training of senior registrars and advanced nurse practitioners, using college approved courses, to meet the demands of such service in order to avoid delaying treatment for these patients.References1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2018). Age‐related macular degeneration [NG82].2. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists. (2021) Commissioning Guidance: Age Related Macular Degeneration Services.
Healing features of outer retinal layers on SS OCT in VKH disease
Authors: Aoun Safa Ben , Nefzi Dhouha , Salem Zeineb , Doukh Meriem , Ksiaa Imen , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe restoration of outer retinal layers on Swept‐Source OCT (SS OCT) in Vogt Koyanagi Harada (VKH) disease over a year after the disease onset.Methods: Prospective longitudinal study carried out at the department of Ophthalmology of Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir. Twenty‐one patients (42 eyes) were followed‐up for 12 months after the disease onset. The patients were included at the acute phase and subsequently treated. Sequential SS OCT changes were assessed.Results: Structural SS OCT changes occurred in 24 eyes (57.1%) on month 3 (M3), in 23 eyes (54.8%) on month 6 (M6), and in 19 eyes (45.2%) on month 12 (M12). They included external nuclear layer atrophy (14.3% on M3; 11.9% on M6; and 9.5% on M12); ellipsoid zone disruption (40.5% on M3; 38.1% on M6; and 33.3% on M12); interdigitation zone disruption (42.9% on M3; 40.5% on M6; and 33.3% on M12); and multifocal retinal pigment epithelium thickening (50% on M3; 45.2% on M6; and 31% on M12). No significant association between final visual acuity and external retinal layers alterations at any stage of the study was found. Stepwise analysis showed that the presence of serous retinal detachment at presentation was an independent factor for structural SS OCT changes on M3.Conclusions: After initial onset, SS OCT shows thinning of the outer nuclear layer, disruption of the ellipsoid and interdigitation zones, and multifocal retinal pigment epithelium thickening. Serous retinal detachment at presentation is an independent factor for structural SS OCT changes during the first year of the disease.