bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolayer TiSi 2
P
4
as a high-performance anode for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Peng Jie , Wang Zhi-Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Exploring anode materials with overall excellent performance remains a great challenge for rechargeable Na-ion battery technologies. Herein, we have identified that monolayer TiSi

2

P

4

is just such a prospective anode candidate via first-principles calculations. It is showed to be dynamically, thermally, mechanically, and energetically stable, which provides feasibility for experimental realization. The Na diffusion on the its surface is proved to be ultrafast, with a migration energy barrier as low as 73 meV. Electronic structure confirms that the pristine system undergoes a transition from the semiconductor to metal during the whole sodiation process, which is a significant advantage to the electrode conductivity. More excitingly, monolayer TiSi

2

P

4

can accommodate up to double-sided five-layer adatoms, resulting in an ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 1176 mA h g−1 and a low average open-circuit voltage of 0.195 V. Moreover, the maximally sodiated electrode monolayer yields rather small in-plane lattice expansion of only 1.40%, which ensures reversible deformation and excellent cycling stability as further corroborated by structural relaxation and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Overall, all of these results point to the potential that monolayer TiSi

2

P

4

can serve as a promising anode candidate for application in high-performance low-cost Na-ion batteries.
Effect of Al2Cu constituent layer thickness discrepancy on the tensile mechanical behavior of Cu/Al2Cu/Al layered composites: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Bian Xiaoqian , Wang Aiqin , Xie Jingpei , Liu Pei , Mao Zhiping , Liu Zhenwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nano-polycrystalline Cu/Al2Cu/Al layered composites with different layer thicknesses d of single-crystal Al2Cu constituent are constructed. The effects of d on the strength and fracture modes of nano-polycrystalline Cu/Al2Cu/Al layered composites are systematically investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The uniaxial tensile results show that the ultimate strength and fracture mode of the nano-polycrystalline Cu/Al2Cu/Al layered composites do not change monotonically with the change of single crystal Al2Cu constituent layer thickness d, the ultimate strength peaking at d = 2.44 nm, and the toughness reaching the optimum at d = 4.88 nm. The improvement of deformation incompatibility between Cu, Al and Al2Cu components increases the ultimate strength of polycrystalline Cu/Al2Cu/Al laminated composites. Due to the high activity of Cu dislocation and the uniformity of strain distribution of single crystal Al2Cu, the fracture of nano-crystalline Cu/Al2Cu/Al layered composites changes from brittleness to toughness. This study is crucial to establish the organic connection between microstructure and macroscopic properties of Cu/Al layered composites. To provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of Cu/Al layered composites in high-end fields, such as automotive and marine, aerospace and defense industries.
Analytical modeling of a magnetoactive elastomer unimorph
Authors: Pan Tan , Leng Rui , Uitz Oliver , Seepersad Carolyn , Ounaies Zoubeida , Frecker Mary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) are capable of large deformation, shape programming, and moderately large actuation forces when driven by an external magnetic field. These capabilities enable applications such as soft grippers, biomedical devices, and actuators. To facilitate complex shape deformation and enhanced range of motion, a unimorph can be designed with varying geometries, behave spatially varying multi-material properties, and be actuated with a non-uniform external magnetic field. To predict actuation performance under these complex conditions, an analytical model of a segmented MAE unimorph is developed based on beam theory with large deformation. The effect of the spatially-varying magnetic field is approximated using a segment-wise effective torque. The model accommodates spatially varying concentrations of magnetic particles and differentiates between the actuation mechanisms of hard and soft magnetic particles by accommodating different assumptions concerning the magnitude and direction of induced magnetization under a magnetic field. To validate the accuracy of the model predictions, four case studies are considered with various magnetic particles and matrix materials. Actuation performance is measured experimentally to validate the model for the case studies. The results show good agreement between experimental measurements and model predictions. A further parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the magnetic properties of particles and external magnetic fields on the free deflection. In addition, complex shape programming of the unimorph actuator is demonstrated by locally altering the geometric and material properties.
Strong chiral optical force for small chiral molecules based on electric-dipole interactions, inspired by the asymmetrical hydrozoan Velella velella
Authors: Cameron Robert P , McArthur Duncan , Yao Alison M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Drawing inspiration from a remarkable chiral force found in nature, we show that a static electric field combined with an optical lin

⊥

lin polarization standing wave can exert a chiral optical force on a small chiral molecule that is several orders of magnitude stronger than other chiral optical forces proposed to date, being based on leading electric-dipole interactions rather than relying on weak magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole interactions. Our chiral optical force applies to most small chiral molecules, including isotopically chiral molecules, and does not require a specific energy-level structure. Potential applications range from chiral molecular matter-wave interferometry for precision metrology and tests of fundamental physics to the resolution of enantiomers for use in chemistry and biology.
Hyper-entangling mesoscopic bound states
Authors: Sreedharan Aparna , Kuriyattil Sridevi , Wüster Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We predict hyper-entanglement generation by binary scattering of mesoscopic bound states, considering solitary waves in Bose–Einstein condensates containing thousands of identical Bosons. For it to occur, the underlying many-body Hamiltonian must not be integrable, and the pre-collision quantum state of the solitons needs to be fragmented. Under these conditions, we show that the post-collision state will be hyper-entangled in spatial degrees of freedom and atom number within solitons, for realistic parameters. The effect links aspects of non-linear systems and quantum-coherence and the entangled post-collision state challenges present entanglement criteria for identical particles. Our results are based on simulations of colliding quantum solitons in a quintic interaction model beyond the mean-field, using the truncated Wigner approximation.
The effect of night sky background on source reconstruction in atmospheric Cherenkov telescope arrays and implications for image cleaning
Authors: Sajjad Saeeda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGamma-ray astronomy through imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACTs) has enabled the study of numerous astrophysical sources in the GeV-TeV domain. The presence of night sky background (NSB) in IACT images affects the reconstruction of the gamma-ray being observed and is usually dealt through image cleaning. In this work, we propose that the image cleaning approach might be adapted to the reconstruction method and NSB levels. In particular, we study the effect of NSB on source reconstruction for gamma-rays observed through IACT arrays through Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the presence of NSB can have a smoothing effect on the shower images enabling better source reconstruction under certain circumstances. We also find that there is an optimum cleaning threshold depending on the energy of the initial gamma-ray. This threshold shows very little dependence on the NSB level or core position. Based on these results, we propose and test a hybrid image cleaning method for source reconstruction. We find that this hybrid image cleaning method results in better source reconstruction when observations are made in high NSB conditions. Whereas at low NSB levels, the application of a single image cleaning threshold yields better results. We finally conclude that this implies that different image cleaning methods might be needed to best carry out source reconstructions at different NSB levels.
Painlevé analysis, multi-kinks and hybrid nonlinear waves for an extended (3 + 1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Ahtisham Ilyas Muhammad , Javid Ahmad , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study an extended (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation having applications in diverse scientific fields. Painlevé anlysis is carried out to test the integrability of the model under consideration. Hirota’s simplified technique is used to investigate one, two and three kink-soliton solutions. Using a dependent variable transformation, bilinear form of the model is obtained which is then used to report lump and lump interaction solutions with periodic and kink waves. The dynamical properties and nature of obtained solutions is comprehensively studied using 3d and 2d graphs.
Theoretical study of magnetoacoustic mode in stellar atmospheres
Authors: Sadiq Safeer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) theory is presented in the nonequilibrium diffusion grey radiation limit. Basic set of equations is perturbed to find the dispersion relation of small amplitude (linear) waves in RMHD plasma. It is found that magnetoacoustic waves have dispersion and damping in the RMHD plasma. It is also concluded that for very long wavelength magnetosonic mode, to create wave motion in the medium the restoring force is provide the radiation pressure and inertia is provided by matter. The effects of radiation energy, diffusivity and plasma beta on the dispersion and damping of magnetoacoustic mode in RMHD plasma are shown in the form of graphs. The model is applicable to the stellar atmosphere.
Adjustable symmetry on the dynamics of a new chaotic system with cyclic symmetry: theoretical study, control and experimental investigation
Authors: Boui A Boya Bertrand Frederick , kengne Jacques 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we propose a new chaotic autonomous system with adjustable cyclic and central symmetries. The new 3D system, with rich dynamics, is constructed based on the Thomas model. A detailed study of the nonlinear dynamics arising from the model allows us to reveal complex behaviors of different phenomena such as hysteresis dynamics, offset boosting, total amplitude control, and coexistence of several homogeneous and heterogeneous attractors in both regimes (symmetric and asymmetric). The control of multistability of the new cyclic system is studied by following the technique of linear augmentation. An analog electronic version of the model is designed and then simulated using the Pspice software. Moreover, a physical implementation using the arduino microcontroller makes it possible to validate the results of the theoretical analysis.
Probing the Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor with SOFIA, Part. IV. Water Vapor Estimates from FORCAST Grism Spectra
Authors: Vacca W. D. , Iserlohe C. , Shenoy S. , Clarke M. , Fischer C. , Thorpe A. , Chambers E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
SOFIA was an airborne observatory for far-infrared astronomy stationed at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, CA, USA. Although SOFIA flew at altitudes of ∼41,000 ft, any far-infrared observations from within the Earth’s atmosphere are nevertheless hampered by water vapor absorbing the astronomical signal. The primary atmospheric parameter governing absorption at far-infrared wavelengths is the total upward precipitable water vapor (PWV). In this paper we present a method of deriving PWV values directly from low resolution (R ∼ 100–200) mid-infrared (5–40 μm) spectroscopic observations and apply it to low resolution grism spectra obtained with the FORCAST instrument on-board SOFIA. We then compare these values with those determined from the fifth European Re-analysis (ERA5) of the global atmospheric parameters provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for the time and altitude corresponding to the SOFIA observations. In general, we find a very good correlation between the ERA5-ECMWF values and the values derived from the FORCAST grism spectra, especially for high signal-to-noise ratio data. These results indicate that ERA5-ECMWF PWV values can be used to generate the telluric corrections for FORCAST imaging data as well as grism spectra for which the PWV values cannot be determined directly. We also derive the resolving power of the various grism and slit width combinations for FORCAST. Our results will be useful for reprocessing the FORCAST data in the SOFIA archive.
Ozone and its precursors dynamics in the megapolis atmospheric surface layer at radiation fog
Authors: Andreev Viktor V , Konyukhov Vadim K , Stepanov Eugene V 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A significant (many times) increase in the concentrations of ozone precursors (NO, NO2, CO, CH4 and CH
x
) in the surface atmospheric layer due to their accumulation under calm conditions was recorded during an episode of the radiation fog in Moscow early November 2021. At the same time the partial pressure of H2O vapor decreased by ∼30% due to water condensation during temperature drop. A strong correlation had been observed between the O3 content and the ratio of nitrogen oxides’ concentrations NO2/NO at fog. In particular, the O3 content dropped to zero values at fog. The latter can be attributed to the simultaneous action of several factors: the absence of photochemical ozone production at high NO concentrations, the absence of horizontal and vertical ozone transfer under calm, and the additional ozone runoff due to dissolution in fog microdroplets.
The seizure severity score: a quantitative tool for comparing seizures and their response to therapy
Authors: Pattnaik Akash R , Ghosn Nina J , Ong Ian Z , Revell Andrew Y , Ojemann William K S , Scheid Brittany H , Georgostathi Georgia , Bernabei John M , Conrad Erin C , Sinha Saurabh R , Davis Kathryn A , Sinha Nishant , Litt Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures which vary widely in severity, from clinically silent to prolonged convulsions. Measuring severity is crucial for guiding therapy, particularly when complete control is not possible. Seizure diaries, the current standard for guiding therapy, are insensitive to the duration of events or the propagation of seizure activity across the brain. We present a quantitative seizure severity score that incorporates electroencephalography (EEG) and clinical data and demonstrate how it can guide epilepsy therapies. Approach. We collected intracranial EEG and clinical semiology data from 54 epilepsy patients who had 256 seizures during invasive, in-hospital presurgical evaluation. We applied an absolute slope algorithm to EEG recordings to identify seizing channels. From this data, we developed a seizure severity score that combines seizure duration, spread, and semiology using non-negative matrix factorization. For validation, we assessed its correlation with independent measures of epilepsy burden: seizure types, epilepsy duration, a pharmacokinetic model of medication load, and response to epilepsy surgery. We investigated the association between the seizure severity score and preictal network features. Main results. The seizure severity score augmented clinical classification by objectively delineating seizure duration and spread from recordings in available electrodes. Lower preictal medication loads were associated with higher seizure severity scores (p = 0.018, 97.5% confidence interval = [−1.242, −0.116]) and lower pre-surgical severity was associated with better surgical outcome (p = 0.042). In 85% of patients with multiple seizure types, greater preictal change from baseline was associated with higher severity. Significance. We present a quantitative measure of seizure severity that includes EEG and clinical features, validated on gold standard in-patient recordings. We provide a framework for extending our tool’s utility to ambulatory EEG devices, for linking it to seizure semiology measured by wearable sensors, and as a tool to advance data-driven epilepsy care.
Evoked compound action potentials during spinal cord stimulation: effects of posture and pulse width on signal features and neural activation within the spinal cord
Authors: Brucker-Hahn Meagan K , Zander Hans J , Will Andrew J , Vallabh Jayesh C , Wolff Jason S , Dinsmoor David A , Lempka Scott F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Evoked compound action potential (ECAP) recordings have emerged as a quantitative measure of the neural response during spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to treat pain. However, utilization of ECAP recordings to optimize stimulation efficacy requires an understanding of the factors influencing these recordings and their relationship to the underlying neural activation. Approach. We acquired a library of ECAP recordings from 56 patients over a wide assortment of postures and stimulation parameters, and then processed these signals to quantify several aspects of these recordings (e.g., ECAP threshold (ET), amplitude, latency, growth rate). We compared our experimental findings against a computational model that examined the effect of variable distances between the spinal cord and the SCS electrodes. Main results. Postural shifts strongly influenced the experimental ECAP recordings, with a 65.7% lower ET and 178.5% higher growth rate when supine versus seated. The computational model exhibited similar trends, with a 71.9% lower ET and 231.5% higher growth rate for a 2.0 mm cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer (representing a supine posture) versus a 4.4 mm CSF layer (representing a prone posture). Furthermore, the computational model demonstrated that constant ECAP amplitudes may not equate to a constant degree of neural activation. Significance. These results demonstrate large variability across all ECAP metrics and the inability of a constant ECAP amplitude to provide constant neural activation. These results are critical to improve the delivery, efficacy, and robustness of clinical SCS technologies utilizing these ECAP recordings to provide closed-loop stimulation.
Classical uncertainty relations and entropy production in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
Authors: Muratore-Ginanneschi Paolo , Peliti Luca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We analyze Fürth’s 1933 classical uncertainty relations in the modern language of stochastic differential equations. Our interest is motivated by their application to non-equilibrium classical statistical mechanics. We show that Fürth’s uncertainty relations are a property inherent in martingales within the framework of a diffusion process. This result implies a lower bound on the fluctuations in current velocities of entropic quantifiers associated with transitions in stochastic thermodynamics. In cases of particular interest, we recover a well-known inequality for optimal mass transport relating the mean kinetic energy of the current velocity and the squared quadratic Wasserstein distance between the probability distributions of the entropy. We take advantage in particular of an unpublished suggestion by Krzysztof Gawȩdzki to derive a lower bound to the entropy production by a transition described by a Langevin–Kramers process in terms of the squared quadratic Wasserstein distance between the initial and final states of the transition. Finally, we illustrate how Fürth’s relations admit a straightforward extension to piecewise deterministic processes. We show that the results presented in this paper pertain to the characteristics exhibited by general Markov processes.
CMOS Scaling Challenges for High Performance and Low Power applications facing Reliability Criteria towards the Decananometer range
Authors: Bravaix A , Hamparsoumian G , Sonzogni J , Pitard H , Garba-Seybou T , Kussener E , Federspiel X , Cacho F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The huge improvements in integrated circuits manufacturing has faced great challenges between process optimization, performance requirements and the trade-off between low power operation and reliability for long term use. Both the variability at time zero and the time variability due to external constraints and aging phenomena make mandatory the validation of the CMOS technology nodes from device to circuits and products under operation. While High-K Metal-Gate (HKMG) offered good compromises down to 28nm gate-length, the move to Fully Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FDSOI) allows to further scale the dimension down to 14nm effective gate-length with ultra-thin equivalent gate-oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.35 nm. This has been obtained guarantying a small subthreshold slope for switching, small drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) for limited short-channel effect (SCE) and excellent current drivability thanks to a proper gate-stack with HfO2/SiON optimization and adapted rapid thermal processing and annealing. We give new insights to determine first the performance with temperature, the process variability impact at time zero and the robustness of CMOS nodes submitted to interface traps, oxide charge and recoverable traps. Their role is analysed using accelerated DC and AC experiments in devices to SRAM cell and array, focusing on the balance between hot-carrier and bias temperature damage. This allows to guaranty the technology robustness, speed performance and limited power consumption for product qualification.
Piezoresistive properties of strain-hardening cement composite with liquid-type multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed by ultrasonicator
Authors: Wang Q , Jeong W J , Yun H D , Seo S Y 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a new type of nanomaterial with superior performance. They are frequently used in cement matrices to increase electrical conductivity and as a sensor for monitoring the health of building structures. However, MWCNTs agglomerate easily and are difficult to disperse, which makes their homogeneous dispersion in the matrix material the focus of exploration. In this study, the dispersion method of MWCNTs in strain-hardening cement composites (SHCCs) with corresponding piezoresistance is investigated along with the effects of dispersed and nondispersed MWCNTs on the resistive sensitivity of the composites under monotonic loading. The experimental results indicate that MWCNTs in cement matrix composites can be effectively dispersed by applying ultrasonic energy. In addition, they can significantly increase the piezoresistive sensitivity of the composite.
Performance analysis of vortex symmetric Airy beam as optical communication link through turbulence channel
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Wang Junfeng , Fu Jiqiang , Ye Guoyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam can be used for information coding will help to improve the communication rate. The autofocusing phenomenon of the symmetric Airy beam (SAB) can help improve the light intensity in the receiving aperture. The vortex symmetric Airy beam (VSAB) which couples the autofocusing SAB and topological charge can provide new possibilities for the optical carrier of free space optical communication (FSOC). In this paper, the performance analysis of VSAB as the optical carrier propagation in the turbulence is studied. The evaluation parameters mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mean bit error rate (BER) for the VSAB propagating in turbulent atmosphere are calculated, using numerical calculations. The influences law of the parameters of the VSAB on evaluation parameters have been obtained.