bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of refractory ITP: Overview
Authors: Cines Douglas B. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryA subset of individuals with ‘primary’ or ‘idiopathic’ immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who fail to respond to conventional first‐ and second‐line agents or who lose responsiveness are considered to have ‘refractory’ disease (rITP), placing them at increased risk of bleeding and complications of intensive treatment. However, the criteria used to define the refractory state vary among studies, which complicates research and clinical investigation. Moreover, it is unclear whether rITP is simply ‘more severe’ ITP, or if there are specific pathogenic pathways that are more likely to result in refractory disease, and whether the presence or development of rITP can be established or anticipated based on these differences. This paper reviews potential biological features that may be associated with rITP, including genetic and epigenetic risk factors, dysregulation of T cells and cytokine networks, antibody affinity and specificity, activation of complement, impaired platelet production and alterations in platelet viability and clearance. These findings indicate the need for longitudinal studies using novel clinically available methodologies to identify and monitor pathogenic T cells, platelet antibodies and other clues to the development of refractory disease.
Dose selection for biological enzyme replacement therapy indicated for inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Hon Yuen Yi , Wang Jie , Abodakpi Henrietta , Balakrishnan Anand , Pacanowski Michael , Chakder Sushanta , Smpokou Patroula , Donohue Kathleen , Wang Yow‐Ming C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper summarizes key features of the dose‐finding strategies used in the development of 11 approved new molecular entities that are first‐in‐class enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), with a goal to gain insight into the dose exploration approaches to inform efficient dose‐finding in future development of biological products for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM). Dose exploration should preferably begin in in vitro studies, followed by testing multiple doses in an appropriate animal disease model, when available, which can provide important information for dose assessment in humans. Performing adequate dose‐finding in early phase clinical studies in a well‐defined study population, including pediatric subjects, is generally critical to inform dose selection for pivotal trials; alternatively, additional dose exploration can be incorporated as part of a pivotal trial. Two important considerations for successful dose selection include (1) identifying appropriate disease‐specific endpoints, including pharmacodynamic (PD) end points and intermediate clinical end points or clinical end points, and (2) designing a study with adequate treatment durations for evaluating these end points. Appropriately selected PD biomarkers is useful for dose selection, and early development of these biomarkers can facilitate the overall clinical development program. Optimization of ERT doses, as well as evaluations of patient intrinsic factors and/or immune tolerance strategies may be necessary to overcome antibody responses or increase efficacy in IEM.
The Myth of Counter‐modern Ontologies: Indigenous People and the Modern Politics of Extractivism in Ecuador
Authors: Tym Christian 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAnti‐extractivist critique still positions Indigenous people as protagonists of counter‐modern political sentiment, whether as opponents of modernity's processes of productive rationalization and economic integration, or as embodying ontologies that reject modernity's conceptual separation of humanity from natural resources. Indigenous anti‐extractivism is thus said to represent a rupture of modern politics in that it exceeds politics as we know it. Yet the calculus of modern politics remains central to Indigenous responses to resource extraction, even in social contexts where non‐modern ontological suppositions are widely adhered to. This is illustrated through an ethnography of Indigenous mining in the southern Ecuadorean Amazon and national‐level electoral data showing the sweeping support of Indigenous people for former leftist President Rafael Correa's ‘neo‐extractivist’ programme. This persistent modernity of Indigenous resource politics exposes the fallacy of projecting counter‐modern sentiments onto Indigenous peoples.
Equality of competition: A consistent approach to equality of opportunity in sport
Authors: Doomen Jasper 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccepting the principles of equal treatment and equality of opportunity as standards means that individuals should have the same chances and receive the same rewards. If there is no reason to maintain that these principles should not be decisive in the domain of sport, the consequences of accepting them must be accepted. Equality of opportunity, in particular, which may with respect to sport be termed ‘equality of competition’, raises some issues that are examined.
Mobilization under anaesthesia for correction of knee flexion deformity in haemophilia
Authors: Thakkar Prince , John Judy Ann , Thomas Raji , Tilak Merlyn , Kandagaddala Madhavi , Poonnoose Pradeep , Fouzia Nambiathayil Abubacker , Abrahm Aby , Srivastava Alok 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia patients not treated with primary or secondary prophylaxis, often present with recurrent haemarthrosis. Knee is the most frequently involved joint leading to disabling knee flexion deformity (KFD). Here, we present a retrospective study of our experience on the role of mobilization under general anaesthesia in the correction of KFD.AimTo study the effectiveness of mobilization under anaesthesia (MUA) for correction of knee flexion deformity (KFD) in persons with haemophilia (PWH).MethodsOutcome of all patients managed with MUA in our multidisciplinary haemophilia clinic from 2008 to 2019 were included for analysis. PWH with KFD > 20 degree who underwent MUA were included in the study. Under general anaesthesia and cover of clotting factor replacement, gentle joint mobilization was done to achieve maximal correction in flexion deformity, followed by above knee casting in this position. The outcome measures assessed were reduction in knee flexion deformity following MUA and complications, if any.ResultsThirty patients (34 knees) with knee flexion deformity were included in the study. Mean age of the study population was 14.23 years ± 8.3. Study population was analysed in two groups, Group 1 included patients who underwent single MUA and Group 2, patients who underwent two or more MUA. There was significant improvement in KFD correction in both groups. [Group 1; Mean difference: 22 ± 13.7, p value ‐0.01, 95% CI (16.4–27.5) and Group 2; Mean difference 48.8 ± 19.8, p value ‐0.00, 95% CI (34.2–64.5)].ConclusionMUA can be effective in the short‐term correction of KFD in PWH particularly those below 15 years of age. It should be done judiciously when target correction is not achieved with other physical methods.
Simulation of methane hydrate formation in coarse‐ to fine‐grained sediments in the Nankai Trough, Japan
Authors: Xu Chao , Tomaru Hitoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe properties of host sediments and pore water considerably affect both the occurrence and formation processes of methane hydrate. In coarse‐grained layers, hydrates are generally concentrated preferentially in the pore space, and their formation is influenced by pore water salinity. To understand how geophysical and geochemical factors control the distribution of methane hydrates, we conducted numerical simulations using a one‐dimensional flow model under different reservoir and fluid conditions in the Kumano Forearc Basin, Nankai Trough, Japan. Assuming an estimated range of methane flux between 0.002 and 1.9 kg m−2 year−1, three flow scenarios were considered. When the methane flux was relatively small, the results coincided with the observed hydrate distribution. In general, a low‐methane flux decreases the hydrate saturation upward from the bottom of the methane hydrate stability, whereas a high‐methane flux increases the saturation downward. These results also suggest that the sediment structure, such as the fracture distribution, influences the sediment stress conditions and constrains the flow regime. We further examined the effects of permeability changes in the heterogeneous lithological units on the simulation results using typical permeabilities of 10−13 m2 for sand and 10−15 m2 for mud. The results showed that hydrate saturation sharply increased and decreased in adjacent high‐ and low‐permeability units, respectively. The consideration of complex stratigraphic conditions and variable fluid configurations provides an understanding of the environmental factors controlling hydrate generation and distribution, which is important for hydrate resource extraction and geohazard prevention.
A digital cohort analysis of consumers' mobile banking app experience
Authors: Sharma Neeru 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe literature on mobile banking has extensively explored various mechanisms underlying service acceptance and continuation. However, there is a lack of research on how the service experience and outcomes differ between digital natives (users born after the digital age) and digital immigrants (users born before the digital age). This study aims to fill this gap by investigating how mobile banking application experience, satisfaction and continued use intention interrelationships differ between digital natives and digital immigrants. The study posits that four components of mobile banking application experience (pragmatic, ease of use, emotional and sensorial) drive continued use intention directly and indirectly through satisfaction. The hypothesized relationships are analysed using a sample of 215 digital natives and 203 digital immigrants and employing the multi‐group analysis in the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. The study finds that while pragmatic, ease of use and emotional experiences significantly predict satisfaction and continued use, the pattern of associations varies across the digital cohorts. Sensorial experience was consistently found to be insignificant. Satisfaction mediated between the experience dimensions and continued use. The findings suggest that bank managers should recognize the relevant experiences to achieve the satisfaction and continued use of the digital cohorts.
What specific investments are critical in fostering buyer‐supplier relationships: Evidence from MSMEs in emerging economies
Authors: Sanyal Priyavrat , Jain Nikunj Kumar , Choudhury Dibyendu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium enterprises) play a vital role in the development of emerging economies, and their interactions with state‐owned enterprises can generate significant economic value for both parties. However, the dependency asymmetry between MSMEs and state‐owned enterprises can hinder their growth and overall relationship performance. This research explores the impact of various dimensions of relationship‐specific investments (RSIs) on fostering trust and satisfaction in these relationships. Additionally, the study investigates the moderating role of bilateral communication in the relationship between RSIs and satisfaction through trust. The conceptual model was assessed using a sample of 157 MSMEs, employing partial least squares structural equation modelling and necessary conditions analysis. The findings suggest that communication is crucial in building trust and satisfaction within these relationships. The literature has not extensively explored the context of these relationships and the application of necessary condition analysis, making this study valuable for policymakers. By understanding the factors that contribute to successful relationships between MSMEs and state‐owned enterprises, policymakers can create targeted strategies to support and enhance these interactions, ultimately fostering the growth and development of emerging economies.
Enhanced piezoelectric and optical properties of tetragonal Sm‐doped Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)–PbTiO3 crystals
Authors: Zhou Kai , He Chongjun , Wen Yiyang , Xu Guisheng , Deng Chenguang , He Yiyang , Lu Yuangang , Li Qian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectric single crystal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT) has received extensive research and attention due to its excellent piezoelectric, electromechanical, and other properties. In particular, tetragonal relaxor ferroelectric single crystals have shown greater application potential in high‐temperature devices due to their higher Curie temperature and better stability. However, the low piezoelectric performance of tetragonal crystals also greatly limits its application, and research on its optical properties is not sufficient. In this paper, the tetragonal phase Sm–PIN–PMN–PT single crystal was obtained by the Bridgman method, and its piezoelectric and electro‐optical properties are studied. At the same time, we gave a complete set of piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic coefficient matrices. The results show that the crystal has excellent piezoelectric and electromechanical properties. The piezoelectric coefficient can reach 905pC/N, the electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 is 85%, and the kt is 72%. The transmittance of the sample polarized along [001] direction can reach 66%. The effective electro‐optical coefficient γc is 60 pm/V at room temperature and can reach 86 pm/V at 70°C. It has a wide operating temperature range and stable performance with frequency variation, which has certain reference significance for application in new electro‐optical devices.
Antidromic and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardias over a novel left‐sided accessory pathway involving the vein of Marshall and coronary sinus musculature
Authors: Kanzaki Yasunori , Morishima Itsuro , Miyazawa Hiroyuki , Shimojo Kazuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHerein, we present a rare case of the successful ablation of an accessory pathway (AP) involving the Marshall Bundle (MB) and coronary sinus musculature (CSM) in a 40‐year‐old man with Wolff−Parkinson−White syndrome.Methods and ResultsAn orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) was inducible with the earliest atrial activation site located at the posterolateral mitral annulus. The local conduction and the cycle length of ORT was prolonged by peri‐mitral ablation; however, it failed to block the AP. The atrial insertion of the AP was identified by remapping during ORT at the left atrial ridge, which was away from the mitral annulus, where ablation was successful. Together with the electrophysiological findings in CSM potentials, we conclude that the epicardial MB‐CSM connection functioned as the AP in this patient.ConclusionThe novel variant form of AP comprised of MB and CSM should be noted. The atrial insertion of the MB may be the target of catheter ablation.
Visceral adipose tissue increases the risk of periodontal disease: Results from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Qu Xiaoying , Wang Xiaolin , Shen Danfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the relationship and potential causal effect of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on periodontal disease (PD). Despite prior research on this, there has been no definitive conclusion. Therefore, this study aimed to provide additional insight into these associations.Materials and MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 to examine the association between VAT and PD in a cross‐sectional study design. Various analytical methods were employed, such as multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline analysis, and p‐value for trend. Additionally, two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the potential causal effect of VAT on PD risk. These methods enabled us to evaluate the association between VAT and PD and to establish whether VAT could be a causal factor in PD development.ResultsThe study examined a sample of 3535 participants, and the findings suggested that higher VAT levels were associated with an increased risk of PD. In addition, multivariable regression analysis conducted in six models revealed a statistically significant association between VAT and PD risk. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed an inverted U‐shaped association between VAT and PD, with a turning point at 733 g of VAT. Finally, a two‐sample MR analysis provided evidence for a potential causal relationship between VAT and PD risk, with an odds ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.33, p = .027) per kg increase in genetically predicted VAT.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that there is a significant association between VAT and PD and that VAT could be a potential causal factor in PD risk. Our results also suggest that although there is a potential link between VAT levels and PD risk, the effect size is modest. Therefore, interventions designed to reduce VAT levels should not be considered a primary strategy for PD risk reduction but could be one of many strategies used in a comprehensive approach to PD risk management.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the effects of total weight and food on the water temperature distribution and flow in a pot during cooking
Authors: Arata Risa , Nagata Yusaku , Sato Yoko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUniform quality of cooked foods regardless of its position in the pot is desirable. However, there are no research about the effect of cooking scale on the flow and water temperature distribution. This study investigated the effects of the weight and the presence of food on the water temperature distribution and flow during cooking. Using nylon cylinders with thermophysical properties similar to those of root vegetables, the water temperature near the inner surface of the pot was measured. The water temperature and flow were simulated with 2D models based on the finite element method. The water temperature was highly uniform at a total weight of 20 kg than at 3 kg due to the greater convection and faster flow velocity. The water flow velocity was lower with nylon cylinders than in its absence and decreases with decreasing sample size. This study demonstrates the usefulness of combining simulations with nylon cylinders.Practical applicationsThe evaluation of temperature distribution and water flow during cooking is important for ensuring uniform quality of products in a pot. Particularly, it is important to evaluate the effect of cooking scale, presence of food and ingredient size. However, the experimental verification of large‐scale cooking is costly and time‐consuming. This study shows the usefulness of combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation with the nylon cylinders having thermophysical properties similar to those of root vegetables as food analogs. The CFD analysis revealed that increasing cooking scale increases the water flow velocity and uniformity of water temperature. This result should be considered in the actual large‐scale cooking of prototypes, which are tested at small scale, for example, in laboratories. Furthermore, small‐sized foods hinder the flow and cause uneven water temperature distribution. The findings suggest that sample size affects the temperature and uniformity in quality of cooked products in a pot.
Identification of natural allelic variation in TTL1 controlling thermotolerance and grain size by a rice super pan‐genome
Authors: Lin Yarong , Zhu Yiwang , Cui Yuchao , Qian Hongge , Yuan Qiaoling , Chen Rui , Lin Yan , Chen Jianmin , Zhou Xishi , Shi Chuanlin , He Huiying , Hu Taijiao , Gu Chenbo , Yu Xiaoman , Zhu Xiying , Wang Yuexing , Qian Qian , Zhang Cuijun , Wang Feng , Shang Lianguang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTContinuously increasing global temperatures present great challenges to food security. Grain size, one of the critical components determining grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.), is a prime target for genetic breeding. Thus, there is an immediate need for genetic improvement in rice to maintain grain yield under heat stress. However, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) endowing heat stress tolerance and grain size in rice are extremely rare. Here, we identified a novel negative regulator with pleiotropic effects, Thermo‐Tolerance and grain Length 1 (TTL1), from the super pan‐genomic and transcriptomic data. Loss‐of‐function mutations in TTL1 enhanced heat tolerance, and caused an increase in grain size by coordinating cell expansion and proliferation. TTL1 was shown to function as a transcriptional regulator and localized to the nucleus and cell membrane. Furthermore, haplotype analysis showed that hapL and hapS of TTL1 were obviously correlated with variations of thermotolerance and grain size in a core collection of cultivars. Genome evolution analysis of available rice germplasms suggested that TTL1 was selected during domestication of the indica and japonica rice subspecies, but still had much breeding potential for increasing grain length and thermotolerance. These findings provide insights into TTL1 as a novel potential target for the development of high‐yield and thermotolerant rice varieties.
An audit of post‐operative complications following oral surgery procedures over a 3‐month period at the Eastman dental hospital, London
Authors: Tayara Samira , Gunaseelan Amy , Devine Maria , Koshal Sonita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to evaluate the rate of post‐operative complications following Oral Surgery procedures at the Eastman Dental Hospital. Dento‐alveolar surgery procedures can lead to complications including pain, swelling, bleeding, infection and numbness amongst others. Although many are considered minor and resolve swiftly, it is important as clinicians to have an understanding of the incidence of complications prior to undertaking surgical treatment to allow evaluation of the risks and benefits.Materials and MethodsElectronic patient records were reviewed across a 3‐month period from February to April 2022 for every patient receiving treatment under local or general anaesthetic and intravenous sedation. Patients returning for an unplanned appointment with a problem related to their treatment was classified as a “post‐operative complication”. Information was recorded regarding patient demographics, treatment type and modality, complications, management and outcome. Results were analysed using Microsoft Excel.ResultsNine hundred and ninety four patients received treatment in total. The overall complication rate was 6.33%. The treatment modality with the highest incidence of complications was general anaesthetic. Third molar extractions resulted in the highest proportion of complications out of the procedures considered. The complication with the highest incidence was post‐operative pain and swelling (2%), followed by dry socket (1.5%) and post‐operative infection (1.4%).ConclusionPost‐operative complications can occur following a range of procedures and can lead to significant morbidity. Clinicians should consider the likelihood of complications occurring when planning treatment as well as early recognition. Future auditing could consider medical co‐morbidities of patients and potential influences of this on developing complications.