bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal Hemoglobin Inducer Activity of Moringa oleifera, Curcuma aueruginosa Roxb., and Artocarpus altilis Based on the Gamma Globin Expression
Authors: Amanda Nisa Widya , Nainggolan Ita Margaretha , Batubara Irmanida , Saepuloh Uus , Darusman Huda Shalahudin 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:
Beta (β)-thalassemia is a common single-gene blood disorder resulting in a decrease or absence of β-globin chain synthesis. In β-thalassemia major, an imbalance of α/β globin chains results in severe oxidative stress that leads to pathological conditions. Reactivating the gamma (γ)-globin gene will overcome the excess alpha (α)-globin chains and relieve β-thalassemia patients' clinical course.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to determine the most competent herbal extract with high efficiency in inducing γ-globin gene expression to facilitate β-thalassemia patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study used K562 cell line culture to assess the fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO), Curcuma
aueruginosa Roxb. (CA), and Artocarpus altilis (AA). We carried out the benzidine test to count hemoglobin-containing cells and RT-qPCR to measure γ-globin gene expression.

RESULTS:
The benzidine test showed that MO extract was the highest value (3%) in inducing fetal hemoglobin. However, based on RT-PCR analysis, CA extract had the most significant (2.39 fold change) ability to reactivate the γ-globin gene compared to Hydroxyurea as a positive control.

CONCLUSION:
The different properties and levels of MO and CA testing in antioxidant and reactivation of gene expression mechanism most probably influenced the discrepancy between the benzidine test and RT-qPCR results.
Role of Compression Sonoelastography in Aiding Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Solid Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Bala Archana , Kadavigere Rajagopal , Prakashini K. , Narayanan Ramakrishna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The liver is primarily or secondarily involved by numerous vascular, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic processes resulting in formation of focal liver masses, and the detection of such focal liver lesions is frequently accomplished with sonography. However, the categorization a liver mass as benign or malignant on ultrasound has always been a diagnostic dilemma.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess if the addition of compression sonoelastography to conventional B-mode ultrasound aided in diagnostic accuracy of the focal hepatic lesions.

Materials and Methods:
We evaluated B-mode characteristics of 52 liver lesions followed by calculation of their strain values on compression sonoelastography. The lesions were categorized as benign or malignant by ascertaining a cutoff strain value and the comparison was made with the histopathological diagnosis/contrast-enhanced computed tomography characteristics of the lesions.

Results:
The mean strain index value of malignant hepatic lesions (2.12 ± 1.06) was statistically higher than the benign lesions (0.92 ± 1.06) with 2-tailed P = 0.002. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of compression sonoelastography in diagnosing a malignant pathology were 74.4%, 88.9%, 94.6%, and 46.7%, respectively, and the additional evaluation of B-mode features yielded higher sensitivity (95.4% vs. 83.7%) and negative predictive value (75% vs. 46.7%).

Conclusion:
Compression sonoelastography is an efficient and beneficial complementary tool to B-mode imaging in evaluating solid liver lesions.
Hysteroscopic evaluation of chronic endometritis and its relation to unexplained infertility
Authors: Hamouda Eman Fawzy Abdelazeez , Farahat Manal Abd El-Raoof , Dawood Abd Elghaffar Saeed , Shaheen Karam Abd EL-Fatah 
Published: February 2023

Background
Hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for detecting diseases of the uterine cavity. It is simple, safe, and can be performed in an outpatient clinic. Although endometritis is not clinically clear, it may lead to infertility. Moreover, there is strong evidence that endometritis may lead to a premature spontaneous birth.

Aim
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of diagnostic hysteroscopy in patients with chronic endometritis.

Patients and method
The current study was performed on 50 women with unexplained infertility. All patients presented to the outpatient clinic of Tanta University Maternity Hospital in the follicular phase of menstruation.

Results
Hysteroscopic findings in the form of hyperemia, edema, micropolyps, and dark blue spot suggesting chronic endometritis were found in 31 cases. Histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis of chronic endometritis in 28 cases by detection of plasma cells in the endometrial biopsy. Microbiological examination showed a positive growth in 17 cases by detection of organisms in the endometrial biopsy; 1 of them showed positive chlamydial infection and 4 cases of mycoplasma in the multiplex polymerase chain reaction test. There was a significant association between hysteroscopic picture suggesting chronic endometritis and its confirmation by histopathological examination of endometrial biopsy.

Conclusion
Hysteroscopy is a convenient examination for detecting chronic endometritis. It could be applicable for investigating asymptomatic infertile patients. Antibacterial, antichlamydial, and antimycoplasma drugs have a good result in chronic endometritis. Endometrial dyeing with methylene blue at hysteroscopy improves the detection of chronic endometritis. More studies are recommended for endometrial evaluation by hysteroscopy.
MRI with diffusion-weighted image in assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis
Authors: Ali Elkholy Nahla K. , Ramadan Kareem M. , Ziada Dina H. , Hefeda Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2023

Background
FibroScan and diffusion MRI have been recommended for staging and noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis.

Aim
To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis.

Patients and methods
This research was conducted on 30 patients proven to have hepatic fibrosis or steatosis based on clinical, laboratory, and/or ultrasonographic criteria. Both sexes were included. Their age ranged from 20 to 60 years. The participants were sent to the MRI Unit in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tanta University Hospitals, over a period of 12 months from March 2021 till March 2022.

Results
There was a significant difference between apparent diffusion coefficient values of F0 and F1, F3, and F4 (P=0.010, 0.041, and 0.019, respectively); however, no significant difference was observed among the other various fibrosis stages.

Conclusions
FibroScan is a good noninvasive route for detection of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. It can differentiate among various phases of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. MRI can differentiate between fibrotic and nonfibrotic liver and also steatotic from nonsteatotic liver. However, it cannot differentiate between various phases of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, especially the intermediate stages.
The role of transpaterllar viewing portal in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Mohamed Ali N. , Elfors Elsyed M. , Megahed Abd E. Abd Elhafez , Saeid Mhamed S. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction aims to place the ACL graft within its anatomical orientation. Malposition of the graft especially on the femoral side is the persisting complication of ACL reconstruction. The lateral femoral condyle can be visualized by the transpatellar viewing portal to place the graft in a more anatomical position.

Aim
To evaluate the result of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using transpatellar portal viewing.

Patients and methods
This study included 31 patients in whom the torn ACL will be reconstructed arthroscopically using the transpatellar portal viewing and AAMP at Tanta University Hospital with a period of 6 months of follow-up.

Results
Transpatellar portal technique has been used to create the femoral tunnel independently to the tibial tunnel for more anatomic position that lead to improvement in rotational stability, without increased complexity. The central portal offers the advantage of more anatomical ACL reconstruction with improved femoral footprint placement. Transpatellar portal provides an excellent visualization of the femoral footprint and therefore reduces the incidence of improper tunnel positioning during ACL reconstruction without significant complications.

Conclusion
Anatomical insertion of the hamstring graft using the transpatellar portal viewing can offer an excellent restore of the anterior knee stability.
Four-dimensional ultrasound in the diagnosis of intrauterine central nervous system anomalies: four dimensional in CNS congenital anomalies
Authors: Ahmed Abd-Allah Eman A. Abd El-Hakeem , Hassanien Omar A. , El-Aziz Al Darf Ayman A. , Al Ashwah Mohammad Al Huseni 
Published: February 2023

Background
Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are an important factor of neonatal deaths. Three-dimensional (3D)/4D ultrasound (US) has an advantage over the conventional 2D US as it provides additional multiple options like multiplanar view, tomographic view, and surface rendering view leading to accurate diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the 4D US in the diagnosis of in utero congenital CNS anomalies.

Patients and methods
The current study was conducted on 30 pregnant women with suspected congenital CNS anomalies by 2D US in Tanta University Hospitals. All the patients were subjected to 2D and 4D US examination in cases with suspected anomalies by 2D US.

Results
Out of 30 anomalies, two (6.5%) anomalies were lobar holoprosencephaly; six (20%) anomalies were anencephaly, three (10%) anomalies were exencephaly, one (3.5%) anomaly was aqueductal stenosis, three (10%) anomalies were chiari malformation with its two types I and II, and three (10%) anomalies were Dandy–Walker. Three anomalies were hydranencephaly (10%), three (10%) meningocele, one (3.5%) spina bifida, and two cases were obstructive hydrocephalus distal to the 4th ventricle (obstruction of foramen of luschka and magendie) (6.5%). As regards brain anomalies, sensitivity of 4D US=96.4%, specificity of 4D US=100%, positive predictive value=100%, negative predictive value=50.0%, and accuracy=96%. So, 4D US is more superior to 2D US in demonstrating anomalies of the CNS (through multiplanar view and tomographic views), which may affect the postnatal outcome. 4D US offers precise demonstration of normal and abnormal fetal structures through its different modes, so it helps in accurate prenatal diagnosis of CNS anomalies.

Conclusion
4D US is considered now an important diagnostic tool in fetal medicine as it provides many advanced diagnostic options such as multiplanar view or tomographic imaging, volume calculation, and surface rendering mode, which aided in early diagnosis of fetal anomalies and improved postnatal outcome.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN CASES OF RELEASE FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Authors: Gumenyuk V.V. 
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the application of certain provisions in cases of exemption from criminal liability.
It is stated that the issue of law enforcement of the investigated provisions in cases of exemption from criminal liability is relevant, not only from the standpoint of implementing the basic principles of criminal punishment, but also from a praxeological standpoint of application of relevant relevant provisions of criminal law. It is established that the provisions on the release of a person from criminal liability are determined by Articles 44 – 49 of Section IX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
It is proved that exemption from criminal liability is a refusal of the state to apply to a person who has committed a crime, statutory restrictions on certain rights and freedoms by closing a criminal case carried out by a court in cases under the Criminal Code of Ukraine in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code Of Ukraine (Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine of December 23, 2005 № 1 "On the practice of application by the courts of Ukraine of the legislation on release of a person from criminal liability"). It is also established that a person who has committed a criminal offense is released from criminal liability: a) only in cases provided by the Criminal Code of Ukraine; b) such exemption from criminal liability occurs only in cases provided by this Code; c) such dismissal is carried out exclusively by a court (Article 44 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).
Exemption from criminal liability is characterized by the following features: a) it does not involve state conviction of the person who committed the crime (conviction is not passed); b) no punishment is applied to the perpetrator; c) due to the absence of a conviction, a person released from criminal liability is considered to have no criminal record.
It is proved that the general part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides, in particular, for the following cases of release of a person from criminal liability: in connection with effective repentance (Article 45); in connection with the reconciliation of the perpetrator with the victim (Article 46); in connection with the transfer of a person on bail (Article 47); in connection with a change of circumstances (Article 48); in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations (Article 49). At the same time, a detailed consideration of the above cases allowed us to explore important aspects and features of their implementation.
TERRITORIAL SUPREME AS AN IMMANT SIGN OF SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERNATIONAL SUBJECTIVITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Shkabaro V.N. , Boyarsky V.O. 
Published: February 2023

The authors emphasizes that the processes of globalization and current events in Ukraine call for increased attention to constitutional research on issues related to the territory of the state. A review of the legal literature and the opinions expressed in it gave the authors reason to formulate the thesis that territorial supremacy is an immanent sign of sovereignty and international subjectivity of the state.
The purpose of the article is to carry out a constitutional study of systemic relationships in the triad "territorial supremacy – state sovereignty – international subjectivity of the state".
Within the argumentation of this thesis, three characteristics of territorial supremacy are briefly analyzed.

Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular within state borders is exclusive and State power is exercised by a system of state bodies.
Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular in some cases is extraterritorial. The relations to which state power extends in these cases are determined by national law, taking into account international
Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public authorities in general and public authorities in particular affect not only domestic but also foreign In the international arena, the state acts taking into account the priorities of domestic policy, which are enshrined in national legislation (or in documents of a programmatic nature).

The authors summarizes that the practical implementation of these three characteristics of territorial supremacy is carried out by each country at its discretion. From the point of view of constitutional law, it is important that the principles of national constitutionalism are always taken into account, sometimes also the principles of constitutionalism of foreign countries (horizontal dimension of extraterritoriality), and even less often the principles of global constitutionalism (vertical dimension of extraterritoriality).
EMISSÃO DE GASES DE EFEITO ESTUFA E GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS NA CIDADE DE JUNDIAÍ-SP
Authors: Telesi Pacheco Conceição Joelma , Lamano Ferreira Maurício , Magera Conceição Márcio , Bau Dalmas Fabrício , Moraes Josué de 
Published: February 2023

Os resíduos orgânicos constituem a maior parte do material descartado em aterros ou lixões, contribuindo para a intensificação do efeito estufa através da emissão de gases poluentes resultantes de sua decomposição. Com o objetivo de entender a prática administrativa frente aos desafios que envolvem seu reaproveitamento através da compostagem ou recuperação energética, este estudo levantou os entraves presentes na gestão dos resíduos orgânicos do município de Jundiaí-SP, frente às metas estabelecidas pelo governo estadual e pela PNRS, em consonância com entidades internacionais. Para isso, foi aplicado o método de pesquisa descritiva, baseada em levantamento de dados secundários qualitativos, a partir de bibliografia nacional e internacional, além de documentos, boletins públicos, e entrevista com funcionários da administração municipal. Constatou-se que, embora o município venha obtendo bom desempenho em várias etapas que envolvem o manejo dos resíduos urbanos, ainda é necessário avançar nas medidas de reaproveitamento do material orgânico encaminhado ao aterro, adequando a infraestrutura sanitária ao crescimento populacional e transformando o modelo de economia linear em circular, a fim de contribuir para a sustentabilidade ambiental do município.
CO2 Emissions Decoupling from Added Value Growth in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical (CHPH) Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Abam Fidelis Ibiang , Inah Oliver Ibor , Ekwe Ekwe B. , Igbong Dodeye I. , Effiom Samuel O. , Ovat Friday A. , Nyong Oku E. , Ikem Ikem A. 
Published: February 2023

Nigeria's in its Third National Communication (NTNC) current emissions estimate stipulate that its emissions intensities will continuously increase till 2030, and mitigations measures may not be deep and adequate to meet the upper range of its national reduction goals. Analysing the decoupling states with industrial added-value (IAV) growth, carbon emissions (CE) and the driving forces from a firm-level perspective is critical for the Nigerian state to actualised its 2030 emission reduction objective. Based on the Logarithm Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) procedure and the Tapio index approach, the drivers of CE in Nigeria's chemical and pharmaceutical (CHPH) industry were decomposed, and the decoupling states were measured between 2000 and 2020. The results show that CE increased from 4228.3 Mt in 2000 to 22220.7 Mt in 2020, an approximately 4.3% increase. The IAV growth in this period increased by 1.667%, while the coefficient of emission contracted in 2009 with an average progression rate of 4.4%. The decomposition analysis shows that the most influencing factors of CE were the change in the energy mix (∆EMIX) and energy intensity (∆EI) effects. In contrast, the carbon emissions coefficient (∆CI) effect was the significant driver that reduced CO2 emission. Two decoupling states were revealed: expansive negative decoupling (END) and strong negative decoupling (SND). Conversely, overall, the CE of Nigeria's CHPH industry demonstrated an expansive negative decoupling state with IAV growth. This suggests that the industry's energy consumption increased faster than value-added, with the resultant effect of emissions on the environment. However, the study made clear recommendations for low-carbon policy and environmental sustainability.

Received: 1 January 2023 | Revised: 9 February 2023 | Accepted: 15 February 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
desmanche do controle social no Estado pós-democrático
Authors: Teixeira Albano B. , Bitencourt Caroline Müller 
Published: February 2023

O presente ensaio propõe demonstrar, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, o desmantelamento que o controle social vem sofrendo no Estado brasileiro, mediante decisões tomadas por meio de decreto presidencial. Em um primeiro momento, se verifica que o controle social é um pressuposto de para um Estado Democrático de Direito, pois é um elemento fundante do mesmo. Posteriormente, conceitua-se o que é um Estado Pós-Democrático, e se demonstra os motivos pelos quais a cidadania ativa é um forte inimigo deste. É feita uma análise com base no decreto presidencial nº 9.806 de 28 maio de 2019 que diminuiu drasticamente a participação social no Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente e seus impactos na democracia brasileira. Conclui-se que o esvaziamento da participação social pode ser extremamente lesivo para a democracia brasileira, sendo o decreto presidencial estudado no presente artigo, um marco importante de um Estado Pós-Democrático. O método de abordagem utilizado é o hipotético-dedutivo.
Vinte anos da Constituição moçambicana
Authors: Chaimite Augusto Checue , Alberto Gércio Rui 
Published: February 2023

O aniversário de 20 anos da Constituição moçambicana de 2004 é o momento adequado para a sociedade moçambicana avaliar o papel e o grau de importância deste diploma na vida dos cidadãos. Esta Constituição, simbolizou mais do que um rompimento com a ordem normativa implantado após a independência do país, é o ápice de um ciclo de democratização, promoveu modificações significativas no sistema jurídicos, político, econômico, social e cultural, sobretudo, promoveu um compromisso com a instauração de um novo país, mais democrático, livre, justo, solidário e igualitário. A metodologia aplicada para a realização da pesquisa teve natureza exploratória, cujas principais fontes de pesquisa foram a bibliográfica, legislativa e documental, com ênfase em matérias doutrinários já publicados como livros e artigos científicos.
Palavras-Chave: Constituição de 2004; Direitos Fundamentais; Democracia; Legitimidade.
Should we write about history, or about doing history?
Authors: Orrje Jacob 
Published: February 2023

This article explores diverging ways of accounting for methodological questions in the history writing digital history on one hand, and Swedish history of ideas (idéhistoria) on the other. By highlighting differences in how the two fields treat these central historiographical issues, I aim better to understand some of the difficulties of conducting and publishing research in the history of ideas, based on digital-history methods.
The study is separated into two sections: first, I make a qualitative analysis of texts containing reflexive discussions on method, produced during the early discipline-forming phases of each field. Then, I do a distant reading of peer-reviewed articles in Lychnos published 2005–2020, as well as of a recent edited volume in digital history. This analysis provides an overview of recent discussion of method in these two fields, while it at the same time serves as an example of such methods shape the way we write history.