bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the prevalence of gout among underrepresented low socioeconomic status type 2 diabetes populations
Authors: Smith Jessica , Martin Abey , Mundadan Jane , Roberts Michael , Roman Youssef , Bravo-Nuevo Arturo , Daghigh Farzaneh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Underserved and underrepresented populations often lack access to affordable, quality healthcare, educational resources, and nutritious foods, all of which contribute to increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes and gout. Type 2 Diabetes is a condition characterized by the denaturation of the insulin receptors, due to chronically high blood glucose levels, leading to impaired regulation of blood sugar. Gout is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting joints in the lower limbs, marked by elevated serum urate levels and the accumulation of uric acid crystals in synovial fluid, causing painful flare-ups that significantly impact quality of life.

Methods
This multisite cross-sectional study was conducted in three low-income senior residential communities across the mid-Atlantic United States, including Philadelphia and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Clinton, Maryland. A total of 88 consenting participants were surveyed on their health history and tested for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose, and uric acid levels using finger-stick blood tests and commercially available devices. Inclusion criteria included individuals of any gender, aged 35–92, residing in these communities. Exclusion criteria were a personal history of cancer, organ transplantation, or current pregnancy. Educational materials were provided after discussing each participant’s results.

Results
There is an identifiable prevalence of gout among this population of low-income senior adults living with Type 2 Diabetes. Among the participants, 30.7% had serum urate levels indicative of hyperuricemia, exceeding the national average of 20.1% as reported by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants with high HbA1c had significantly higher uric acid levels compared to those with lower HbA1c levels, with diabetic levels of HbA1c accounting for approximately 40% of the variance in uric acid levels. Additionally, study participants who smoked cigarettes were more likely to have hyperuricemia than non-smokers.

Conclusion
Preventive educational efforts focused on diet and lifestyle are critical to reducing the incidence of gout and Type 2 Diabetes in low-income elderly populations. Diabetic individuals are at a higher risk of developing hyperuricemia and gout compared to non-diabetics. Community-based educational health programs are necessary to make a measurable impact on these populations, prevent disease progression, and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.
StreamChol: a web-based application for predicting cholestasis
Authors: Rodríguez-Belenguer Pablo , Soria-Olivas Emilio , Pastor Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article introduces StreamChol, a software for developing and applying mechanistic models to predict cholestasis. StreamChol is a Streamlit application, usable as a desktop application or web-accessible software when installed on a server using a docker container.
StreamChol allows a seamless integration of pharmacokinetic analyses with Machine Learning models. This integration not only enables cholestasis prediction but also opens avenues for predicting other toxicological endpoints requiring similar integrations. StreamChol's Docker containerization also streamlines deployment across diverse environments, addressing potential compatibility issues. StreamChol is distributed as open-source under GNU GPL v3, reflecting our commitment to open science. Through StreamChol, researchers are offered a potent tool for predictive modelling in toxicology, harnessing its strengths within an intuitive and user-friendly interface, without the need for any programming knowledge.

Scientific contribution This work offers a user-friendly web-based tool for cholestasis prediction and a complete workflow for creating web platforms that require the combination of both programming languages, R and Python.
Saponins enhance the stability and cost-efficiency of human embryonic stem cell culture
Authors: Shi Jingyi , Wu Mei , Fang Shi , Liu Zhuo , Liu Huihui , Zhao Ying , Liu Linlin , Shao Zhicheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cultivation and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organoids are crucial for advancing of new drug development and personalized cell therapies. Despite establishing of chemically defined hESC culture media over the past decade, these media's reliance on growth factors, which are costly and prone to degradation, poses a challenge for sustained and stable cell culture. Here, we introduce an hESC culture system(E6Bs) that facilitates the long-term, genetically stable expansion of hESCs, enabling cells to consistently sustain high levels of pluripotency markers, including NANOG, SOX2, TRA-1–60, and SSEA4, across extended periods. Moreover, organoids derived from hESCs using this medium were successfully established and expanded for at least one month, exhibiting differentiation into cortical organoids, GABAergic precursor organoids and heart-forming organoids. This innovative system offers a robust tool for preserving hESC homeostasis and modeling the nervous system in vitro.
Exposure of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies to imidacloprid impairs larval development, promotes oxidative stress in pupae, and induces changes in the midgut of adult bees
Authors: Moreira Daiani Rodrigues , de Souza Tuan Henrique Smielevski , Galhardo Douglas , Figueira Cinthia Leão , Baulli Samara Calvi , da Silva Breno Gabriel , das Chagas Francieli , Oliveira José Washington Santos , Rocha Jean Samel , de Souza Khatlab Angélica , Gasparino Eliane , de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo Vagner , Gigliolli Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis , Ruvolo-Takasusuki Maria Claudia Colla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bees are essential pollinators that contribute to maintaining biodiversity and increasing agricultural production. However, by foraging on agricultural crops, bees may become contaminated with compounds used for pest control. In this study, we exposed bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies to the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) under field conditions to assess the occurrence of oxidative stress in larvae and pupae and investigate morphological changes in the fat body and midgut of larvae and midgut of adult bees. The apiary area was divided into three groups: control, commercial formulation containing IMD (Evidence® 700WG) (IMDCF), and IMD active ingredient (Sigma–Aldrich) (IMDAI). Treatment groups were fed syrup containing 1 µg L−1 IMD, whereas the control group was fed syrup only. Compared with the control, larvae exposed to IMDCF or IMDAI for 42 days exhibited morphological changes in the external body, midgut, and fat body. The midgut of adult bees contaminated with IMDCF showed only structural remnants of the peritrophic membrane and absence of regenerative cell nests. Oxidative stress analyses revealed that IMDCF-exposed larvae had higher nitrite and carbonylated protein contents and lower catalase and superoxide dismutase activity than control individuals. In pupae, IMDAI decreased catalase activity while increasing superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that IMD has the potential to significantly impact the development of bees and their colonies by disrupting vital organs responsible for normal physiological functioning and overall activities of individuals. Oxidative stress, which was detected at different stages of bee development, may induce lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation, leading to cell death.

Graphical Abstract
Key wound healing genes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: an integrated in silico and in vitro study
Authors: Jiang Fuchuan , Ahmad Sajjad , kanwal Sadia , Hameed Yasir , Tang Qian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC) is a prevalent gynecologic malignancy with complex molecular underpinnings. This study identifies key woundhealing genes involved in UCEC and elucidates their roles through a comprehensive analysis.

Methods
In silico and in vitro experiments.

Results
Seventy wound healing-associated genes were extracted from the Gene Ontology (GO) database, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. CytoHubba analysis in Cytoscape identified six pivotal hub genes: CD44, FGF2, FGF10, KDM6A, FN1, and MMP2. These genes exhibited significantly lower expression in UCEC cell lines compared to normal controls, as confirmed by RT-qPCR. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated their potential as diagnostic biomarkers, with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.94 to 1.00. Validation using TCGA datasets revealed consistent downregulation of these genes in UCEC samples, corroborated by immunohistochemical staining. Promoter methylation analysis showed significantly higher methylation levels in UCEC, correlating with decreased mRNA expression and poor survival outcomes. Genetic alteration analysis indicated frequent mutations in FN1 and KDM6A, although these did not significantly affect survival. Functional analysis using the CancerSEA database highlighted the involvement of these genes in critical cancer-related processes, including angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. Immune correlation studies revealed significant associations with immune inhibitor genes and distinct expression patterns across immune subtypes. Overexpression studies in UCEC cell lines demonstrated that CD44 and MMP2 reduce proliferative ability while enhancing migration and wound healing.

Conclusion
Collectively, these findings underscore the crucial roles of CD44, FGF2, FGF10, KDM6A, FN1, and MMP2 in UCEC pathogenesis, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this malignancy.
Applying quality improvement to clinical practice: primer for psychiatrists
Authors: Nidumolu Aditya , Waddell Andrea E. , Burra Tara A. 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Quality improvement (QI) is an evidence-based approach to analysing and improving healthcare systems. QI's success has led it to become a required competency expected of medical professionals in several countries. However, much of the QI literature to date has not focused on mental health. Moreover, many psychiatrists have no formal training in QI. To address this gap, this article introduces key QI concepts, including six dimensions of quality care, the Model for Improvement and plan–do–study–act cycles. Each QI concept is illustrated using a fictitious case study of an out-patient psychiatrist reducing chronic benzodiazepine use in their clinic.
Functional and effective connectivity between reward and inhibitory control networks underlying subclinical binge eating
Authors: Chen Ximei , Li Wei , Luo Yijun , Liu Yong , Xu Xiaofei , Gao Xiao , Chen Hong 
Published: January 2025

Background
Knowledge is growing on the essential role of neural circuits involved in aberrant cognitive control and reward sensitivity for the onset and maintenance of binge eating.

Aims
To investigate how the brain's reward (bottom-up) and inhibition control (top-down) systems potentially and dynamically interact to contribute to subclinical binge eating.

Method
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 30 binge eaters and 29 controls while participants performed a food reward Go/NoGo task. Dynamic causal modelling with the parametric empirical Bayes framework, a novel brain connectivity technique, was used to examine between-group differences in the directional influence between reward and executive control regions. We explored the proximal risk factors for binge eating and its neural basis, and assessed the predictive ability of neural indices on future disordered eating and body weight.

Results
The binge eating group relative to controls displayed fewer reward-inhibition undirectional and directional synchronisations (i.e. medial orbitofrontal cortex [mOFC]–superior parietal gyrus [SPG] connectivity, mOFC → SPG excitatory connectivity) during food reward_nogo condition. Trait impulsivity is a key proximal factor that could weaken the mOFC–SPG connectivity and exacerbate binge eating. Crucially, this core mOFC–SPG connectivity successfully predicted binge eating frequency 6 months later.

Conclusions
These findings point to a particularly important role of the bottom-up interactions between cortical reward and frontoparietal control circuits in subclinical binge eating, which offers novel insights into the neural hierarchical mechanisms underlying problematic eating, and may have implications for the early identification of individuals suffering from strong binge eating-associated symptomatology in the general population.
Cellular signalling protrusions enable dynamic distant contacts in spinal cord neurogenesis
Authors: Hawley Joshua , Lea Robert , Biga Veronica , Papalopulu Nancy , Manning Cerys 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
In the developing mouse ventral spinal cord, HES5, a transcription factor downstream of Notch signalling, is expressed as evenly spaced clusters of high HES5-expressing neural progenitor cells along the dorsoventral axis. While Notch signalling requires direct membrane contact for its activation, we have previously shown mathematically that contact needs to extend beyond neighbouring cells for the HES5 pattern to emerge. However, the presence of cellular structures that could enable such long-distance signalling was unclear. Here, we report that cellular protrusions are present all along the apicobasal axis of individual neural progenitor cells. Through live imaging, we show that these protrusions dynamically extend and retract reaching lengths of up to ∼20 µm, enough to extend membrane contact beyond adjacent cells. The Notch ligand DLL1 was found to colocalise with protrusions, further supporting the idea that Notch signalling can be transduced at a distance. The effect of protrusions on the HES5 pattern was tested by reducing the density of protrusions using the CDC42 inhibitor ML141, leading to a tendency to decrease the distance between high HES5 cell clusters. However, this tendency was not significant and leaves an open question about their role in the fine-grained organisation of neurogenesis.
Exposure to sub-optimal temperature during early development decreases hypoxia tolerance in juvenile Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Blanchard Tessa S. , Earhart Madison L. , Strowbridge Nicholas , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Cross-protection occurs when exposure to one stressor confers heightened tolerance against a different stressor. Alternatively, exposure to one stressor could result in reduced tolerance against other stressors. Although cross-protection has been documented in a wide range of taxa at juvenile and adult life stages, whether early developmental exposure to a stressor confers cross-protection or reduced tolerance to other stressors later in life through developmental plasticity remains largely unexplored. In this study, we examined whether altered temperature during embryonic development results in developmental plasticity in upper thermal tolerance or hypoxia tolerance using a small topminnow, Fundulus heteroclitus, and examined potential underlying molecular mechanisms. We incubated embryos at one of two ecologically relevant temperatures (20°C or 26°C) until hatch. Once hatched, fish were raised at a common temperature of 20°C for 1 year, and tolerance was assessed in both juveniles (6 months) and early adults (1 year). Developmental temperature had no significant effect on thermal tolerance (CTmax) in juvenile fish, or on the transcript abundance of thermal tolerance-related genes (constitutive heat shock proteins, hsc70, hsp90b). In contrast, reduced developmental temperature decreased hypoxia tolerance but increased transcript levels of the hypoxia inducible factor hif1α in juvenile fish but the effects were less evident in older fish. Overall, we found no indication of developmental plasticity for thermal tolerance, but there was evidence of negative impacts of lower developmental temperature on hypoxia tolerance in juveniles associated with changes in gene expression, providing evidence of developmental plasticity across stressors and levels of organization.
Sublethal changes to coral metabolism in response to deoxygenation
Authors: Mallon J. E. , Altieri A. H. , Cyronak T. , Melendez-Declet C. V. , Paul V. J. , Johnson M. D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Coastal deoxygenation poses a critical threat to tropical coral reefs. Dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion can cause hypoxia-induced stress and mortality in scleractinian corals. Coral hypoxic responses are species-specific and likely modulated by the duration and severity of low-DO conditions, although the physiological mechanisms driving hypoxia tolerance are not fully understood. In this study, the Caribbean corals Acropora cervicornis, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea were exposed to either severe (1.5 mg l−1 DO) or moderate (3.5 mg l−1 DO) deoxygenation or a control treatment (6 mg l−1 DO). All corals survived 2 weeks of deoxygenation but exhibited sublethal changes to coral metabolism after 1- and 2-week exposures, compared with controls. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) was suppressed after 1 week in both deoxygenation treatments in A. cervicornis, and after 2 weeks in S. siderea and P. astreoides exposed to severe or moderate treatments, respectively. Respiration rates were lower than controls in A. cervicornis and S. siderea after 1 and 2 weeks of severe deoxygenation. The reduced respiration of P. astreoides after 1 week of moderate deoxygenation returned to control levels in week 2. Overall coral metabolic budgets, assessed by ratios of gross photosynthesis to respiration (Pg:R), were more autotrophic, or photosynthesis-dominant, after 1 week of severe deoxygenation in S. siderea and P. astreoides, whereas Pg:R was not significantly different in A. cervicornis between treatments. These results reveal that some corals shift their metabolism to tolerate low-oxygen conditions and avoid bleaching or mortality, indicating that metabolic plasticity is an important aspect of coral resistance to deoxygenation.
MYH7 mutation in a pedigree with familial dilated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Hong Ying , Fan Zhen , Guo Yi , Ma Hui-Hui , Zeng Sheng-Zhi , Xi Hu-Tao , Yang Jing , Luo Kai , Luo Rong , Li Xiao-Ping 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most prevalent inherited myocardial disorders and is characterized by considerable genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. A subset of patients with HCM progress to a dilated phase of HCM (DPHCM), which is associated with a poor prognosis; however, the underlying pathogenesis remains inadequately understood.
CASE SUMMARY
In this study, we present a case involving a pedigree with familial DPHCM and conduct a retrospective review of patients with DPHCM with identified gene mutations. Through panel sequencing targeting the coding regions of 312 genes associated with inherited cardiomyopathy, a heterozygous missense mutation (c.746G>A, p.Arg249Glu) in the MYH7 gene was identified in the proband (III-5). Sanger sequencing subsequently confirmed this pathogenic mutation in three additional family members (II-4, III-4, and IV-3). A total of 26 well-documented patients with DPHCM were identified in the literature. Patients with DPHCM are commonly middle-aged and male. The mean age of patients with DPHCM was 53.43 ± 12.79 years. Heart failure, dyspnoea, and atrial fibrillation were the most prevalent symptoms observed, accompanied by an average left ventricular end-diastolic size of 58.62 mm.
CONCLUSION
Our findings corroborate the pathogenicity of the MYH7 (c.746G>A, p.Arg249Glu) mutation for DPHCM and suggest that the Arg249Gln mutation may be responsible for high mortality.
Biodegradation of the Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic by White Rot Fungus Trametes hirsuta D7
Authors: Pattu Ananda Novita Hi , Charlena Charlena , Yanto Dede Heri Yuli , Suparto Irma Herawati , Oktaviani Maulida 
Published: January 2025

This study highlights the potential of fungal microorganisms, particularly Trametes hirsuta D7, in addressing antibiotic contaminants, such as ciprofloxacin, in the environment. The degradation process was conducted at room temperature over 7 days, and the results demonstrated that laccase was predominant in the degradation capacity; this was evidenced by the laccase enzyme activity levels obtained, namely 93 U/L, 120 U/L, and 130 U/L, compared to manganese peroxide activity of 7 U/L, 16 U/L, and 13 U/L at concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 mg/L, respectively. Notably, the laccase enzyme of T. hirsuta D7 exhibited significant degradation of ciprofloxacin, with high degradation rates of 64% at 100 mg/L, 48% at 300 mg/L, and 26% at 300 mg/L. This indicates that laccase from T. hirsuta D7 effectively degraded ciprofloxacin at various concentrations. Furthermore, this study revealed that ciprofloxacin did not significantly affect the growth of T. hirsuta D7. This suggests that microorganisms can survive and function effectively in the presence of antibiotic contamination without being impaired by these compounds. In conclusion, this study presents a potential solution for environmental antibiotic contamination by utilizing fungal microorganisms, particularly T. hirsuta D7, and their laccase enzymes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for developing more environmentally sustainable and efficient degradation methods for antibiotic contamination in the ecosystem.
Assessing the Fair Value of Unicorns Post-IPO: An Analysis of Applied Valuation Methods
Authors: Fiesenig Bruno , Bock Carolin , Khoroshylova Anna , Schiereck Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study compares the market enterprise value of former unicorns to 10 individual calculated enterprise values based on the corresponding discounted cash flows and comparable company analyses. This research aims to investigate whether investors correctly perceive the valuation of unicorns. For our sample of 66 former unicorns entering capital markets between 2004 and 2019, we found that former unicorns appear to be undervalued in capital markets. Furthermore, we show that the accuracy of firm valuations increases with the amount of public information. Finally, we argue that Multiples are better suited for the assessment of a unicorn’s value once public.
State Hazard Mitigation Plans and Social Vulnerability
Authors: Painter Mary Angelica , Villarreal Melissa , Peek Lori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
U.S. states, territories, and tribal areas develop State Hazard Mitigation Plans (SHMPs) to reduce the impact of disasters. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) approves SHMPs every five years as required for states to receive disaster relief grants and mitigation project funding. In 2023, FEMA’s updated policy guidance for SHMPs took effect, recommending more robust use of social vulnerability as an assessment of equity in multi-hazard risk assessments. Such approaches are necessary because social vulnerability emerges from systemic inequities that result in marginalized populations facing disproportionate exposure and impacts from natural hazards. We developed two novel datasets on the different population groups, definitions, and measures of social vulnerability included in SHMPs for all 50 U.S. states and the 5 inhabited U.S. territories. Our analysis shows that states differ in terms of how (and if) social vulnerability is defined and measured. All plans include at least one vulnerable population in their guidance – most often the elderly, children, or people with disabilities. Inclusion of other populations such as immigrants, LGBTQIA + persons, or unhoused persons is much more varied. The study concludes with recommendations for how SHMPs can advance equitable and inclusive planning processes that center robust definitions and measures of social vulnerability and socially vulnerable populations.