bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading of lung adenocarcinomas with simultaneous segmentation by artificial intelligence (GLASS-AI)
Authors: Lockhart John H. , Ackerman Hayley D. , Lee Kyubum , Abdalah Mahmoud , Davis Andrew John , Hackel Nicole , Boyle Theresa A. , Saller James , Keske Aysenur , Hänggi Kay , Ruffell Brian , Stringfield Olya , Cress W. Douglas , Tan Aik Choon , Flores Elsa R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPreclinical genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung adenocarcinoma are invaluable for investigating molecular drivers of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. However, histological analysis of these GEMMs requires significant time and training to ensure accuracy and consistency. To achieve a more objective and standardized analysis, we used machine learning to create GLASS-AI, a histological image analysis tool that the broader cancer research community can utilize to grade, segment, and analyze tumors in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma. GLASS-AI demonstrates strong agreement with expert human raters while uncovering a significant degree of unreported intratumor heterogeneity. Integrating immunohistochemical staining with high-resolution grade analysis by GLASS-AI identified dysregulation of Mapk/Erk signaling in high-grade lung adenocarcinomas and locally advanced tumor regions. Our work demonstrates the benefit of employing GLASS-AI in preclinical lung adenocarcinoma models and the power of integrating machine learning and molecular biology techniques for studying the molecular pathways that underlie cancer progression.
Marine diterpenoid targets STING palmitoylation in mammalian cells
Authors: Hsiao Wan-Chi , Niu Guang-Hao , Lo Chen-Fu , Wang Jing-Ya , Chi Ya-Hui , Huang Wei-Cheng , Tung Chun-Wei , Sung Ping-Jyun , Tsou Lun Kelvin , Zhang Mingzi M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNatural products are important sources of therapeutic agents and useful drug discovery tools. The fused macrocycles and multiple stereocenters of briarane-type diterpenoids pose a major challenge to total synthesis and efforts to characterize their biological activities. Harnessing a scalable source of excavatolide B (excB) from cultured soft coral Briareum stechei, we generated analogs by late-stage diversification and performed structure-activity analysis, which was critical for the development of functional excB probes. We further used these probes in a chemoproteomic strategy to identify Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) as a direct target of excB in mammalian cells. We showed that the epoxylactone warhead of excB is required to covalently engage STING at its membrane-proximal Cys91, inhibiting STING palmitoylation and signaling. This study reveals a possible mechanism-of-action of excB, and expands the repertoire of covalent STING inhibitors.
Perinatal iron restriction is associated with changes in neonatal cardiac function and structure in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Noble Ronan M.N. , Holody Claudia D. , Woodman Andrew G. , Nie Chunpeng , Liu Si Ning , Young Daniel , Wiedemeyer Alyssa , Soni Shubham , Dyck Jason R.B. , Graf Daniel , Eckersley Luke G. , Dufour Antoine , Bourque Stephane L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is common during gestation and in early infancy and can alter developmental trajectories with lasting consequences on cardiovascular health. While the effects of ID and anemia on the mature heart are well documented, comparatively little is known about their effects and mechanisms on offspring cardiac development and function in the neonatal period. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-restricted or iron-replete diet before and during pregnancy. Cardiac function was assessed in a cohort of offspring on postnatal days (PD) 4, 14, and 28 by echocardiography; a separate cohort was euthanized for tissue collection and hearts underwent quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis. ID reduced body weight and increased relative heart weights at all time points assessed, despite recovering from anemia by PD28. Echocardiographic studies revealed unique functional impairments in ID male and female offspring, characterized by greater systolic dysfunction in the former and greater diastolic dysfunction in the latter. Proteomic analysis revealed down-regulation of structural components by ID, as well as enriched cellular responses to stress; in general, these effects were more pronounced in males. ID causes functional changes in the neonatal heart, which may reflect an inadequate or maladaptive compensation to anemia. This identifies systolic and diastolic dysfunction as comorbidities to perinatal ID anemia which may have important implications for both the short- and long-term cardiac health of newborn babies. Furthermore, therapies which improve cardiac output may mitigate the effects of ID on organ development.
Fractures in Childhood and Young Adulthood According to Maternal Smoking in Late Pregnancy. A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Rasmussen Jannie Biolzi , Rath Sabine Marie , Wu Chunsen , Weile Louise Kathrine Kjaer , Schmal Hagen , Olsen Jørn , Bech Bodil Hammer , Nohr Ellen Aagaard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFractures account for the most frequent cause of hospitalization during childhood and numbers have increased over time. Of all fractures in childhood and young adulthood, 66% are recurrent fractures, suggesting that some people are predestined for fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and the risk of fractures in the children.The study included 11,082 mothers and their children from the cohort “Healthy Habits for Two” born between 1984 and 1987. Information about maternal smoking during pregnancy came from questionnaires filled out in pregnancy, while information about fractures was derived from the Danish National Patient Registry. Over a follow-up of 24 years (1994–2018), Cox regression with multiple failures was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fractures in childhood and young adulthood according to maternal smoking in late pregnancy. Information about body mass index (BMI) and smoking status in young adulthood was included as time variant covariates.During an age span of 8–32 years, 6,420 fractures were observed. Of the mothers, 39.1% smoked during late pregnancy. Compared to children of mothers who did not smoke, children of mothers who smoked 1–9 cigarettes per day and 10+ cigarettes per day had an increased risk of fractures (HR 1.14 [CI: 1.06; 1.21] and HR 1.14 [CI: 1.07; 1.22], respectively). After adjusting for BMI and smoking status in young adulthood, the findings were slightly strengthened, showing an increased risk of fractures of 23 and 25% in children of mothers smoking 1–9 cigarettes per day and 10+ cigarettes per day, respectively.Maternal smoking during late pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of fractures in the child. This result indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke in utero may play a role in lifelong bone health.
Medical Students' Attitudes and Awareness toward Teaching and Participation in Formal Clinical Teaching in Iraq
Authors: Alsaffar Hussain , Abdullah Wasnaa Hadi , Akram Nabeeha Najatee , Nadhim Haider , Salman Mayameen H. , Laylani Amal Adnan , Yahya Farah Sameer , Rahim Ali Ibrahim , Salih Aso , Jassim Duralhassan , Salman Houreleen H. , Ibrahim Hind Mutar , Gargary Khalaf , Ibrahim Ahmad Khalil , Alsayegh Adyan , Ibrahim Maysaa Nihad , Al-Dabagh Jaafar D. , Habeeb Sawsan Issa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective Clinical teaching is essential for the continuity of education of health care professionals. Developing teaching skills is highly required to communicate efficiently and transfer experience and knowledge to others. To our knowledge, medical students across Iraq did not give their perception of clinical teaching in a comprehensive way. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand our students' perception of clinical teaching and to learn from their responses what subtypes of clinical teaching they may desire the most.
Materials and Methods An online survey was distributed among medical students in Iraqi universities between February and April 2022.
Results In all, 2,562 students (1,567 females and 995 males) responded from 24 of 26 colleges of medicine in Iraq. The majority of responders were senior students. In total, 73.3% of our students had no previous experience in teaching. Those willing to work in a teaching or academic hospital comprised 84.2% of the students, and 1,563 students were interested in pursuing “clinical teaching” for medical students/residents upon completion of residency. Collective confidence in teaching abilities was rated as 3.4 out of 5. In total, 1,505 medical students felt they would be interested to have an elective period in medical education, and the majority voted for a 1-month period. Male students perceived more confidence in their variable teaching abilities compared to females (p < 0.05).
Conclusion This is the first study among Iraqi medical students that revealed a desire to avail of a 4-week elective in clinical teaching and become incorporated within the undergraduate curriculum of medical schools in Iraq.
Challenges of Medical Education in Libya: A Viewpoint on the Potential Impact of the 21st Century
Authors: Elkhammas Elmahdi A. , Al-Areibi Arif , Rajab Faten Ben , Arrabti Abdelaziz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraditional medical education is no longer adequate for preparing medical graduates for immediate practice and to make them ready to practice their profession efficiently with quality and citizenship to the health care system. Medical education is changing based on changes in societies, culture, technology, and quality of care. More elderly patients require special attention, technologies require different skills, and patient-centered, evidence-based medicine needs special training. In Libya, an example of a developing country, medical education faces these challenges and many more. It requires ample resources and an adequate number of qualified health care professionals who are highly specialized. Such faculty are up to date to deliver service, teach, and perform quality research. Attention is necessary to improve their medical education system and keep up with the advances and care needed for their citizens. It is possible with more investment in faculty development, collaboration with reputable institutions in developed countries, and use of professional accreditation from international organizations.
Palatalization in Laomian: evolution and resistance
Authors: Zhang Yijia , Jin Xiaoyu , Liu Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPalatalization is a common phenomenon in the Laomian language of South-east Asia. This paper compares the phonetic bilabial, velar, and coronal consonants of Laomian and their counterparts in related languages. A phonological analysis of the evolution of palatalization in Laomian is provided from a feature geometry perspective using the frameworks of nonlinear phonology and Optimality Theory. The results show that bilabials in Laomian, like those in related languages, include only the simple palatalized form ‘bilabial + glide j’ without evolving into affricates. Velars, based on different functions of [i], evolve into prepalatals and ‘velar + glide j’ respectively. Alveolars turn into prepalatals before vowels with the [-back] feature. A limited set of words in Laomian can still be pronounced in two ways with consonants belonging to two categories, reflecting different evolutionary stages of phonetic chains.
A comprehensive modelling and experimental approach for damped oscillations in U-tubes via Easy JavaScript Simulations
Authors: Orjuela Fredy A , García-Farieta J E , Hortúa Héctor J , Munévar E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In recent years, science simulations have become popular among educators due to their educational usefulness, availability, and potential for increasing the students’ knowledge on scientific topics. In this paper, we introduce the implementation of a user-friendly simulation based on Easy Java/JavaScript Simulations (EJS) to study the problem of damped oscillations in U-tubes

EJS. Furthermore, we illustrate various advantages associated with the capabilities of EJS in terms of design and usability in order to encourage teachers to use it as an educational supplement to physics laboratories

.
Surface modification of polyethylene using argon and argon/methane DBD atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Bedrouni F , Ouchabane M , Almabouada F , Saidi-Amroun N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the surface modification of polyethylene (PE) using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet of the DBD type (APPJ) maintained with pure argon (Ar) and with a premixed gas containing 90% argon and 10% of CH4. First and for both plasma jets, the jet length and the optical emissions coming from the plasma species were studied in terms of flow rate and applied voltage. Comparing to Ar, it has been shown that when the premixed gas is used, the jet length gets smaller, the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime was shifted to a low flow rate, and the emission of CH, H2 and C2 appeared, while O and N2 emission coming from ambient air was quenching. The PE surface treatment in both laminar and turbulent regime has been evaluated using water contact angle (WCA) measurement and attenuated total reflection (ATR). The obtained results showed that the hydrophilicity of PE has been improved in both plasma jets due to oxygen group (C=O) incorporation, but Ar plasma jet was observed to induce surface degradation compared to Ar/CH4 plasma due to the higher excited species.
Local piezo- and ferroelectric properties of γ-glycine single crystal observed via piezoresponse force microscopy
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Buryakov Arseniy , Khusyainov Dinar , Silibin Maxim , Vilarinho Paula M , Paixão José António 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an approach of local mechanical polishing processing to modify the type of intrinsic piezoelectric activity of γ-glycine polymorph grown in a form of a single crystal. By using the piezoresponse force microscopy, the increase in intensity for both out-of-plane (3 times) and in-plane (5 times) piezoelectric tensor components is demonstrated. Application of local switching spectroscopy reveals the piezoelectric behavior of non-polished and the ferroelectric behavior of polished areas being related to the local mechanical polishing-assistant rearrangement of NH
3+
tails of zwitterions in polymorph molecular chain of γ-glycine. These rearrangements were demonstrated to facilitate the switching behavior of the local dipole moment at the applied electric field surpassing the internal coercive field of about Ec ∼ 3 G V /m .
Scalar induced gravitational waves from Chern-Simons gravity during inflation era
Authors: Feng Jia-Xi , Zhang Fengge , Gao Xian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in the Chern-Simons (CS) gravity with a dynamical scalar field during slow roll inflation. Due to the parity violation in the CS term, the SIGWs are generally polarized, which are effectively characterized by the degree of circular polarization. We derive the semianalytic expression to evaluate the power spectra and the degree of circular polarization of the SIGWs, which receive contributions from the general relativity and the parity-violating term, respectively. We find that the correction from the parity-violating CS term is negligible on large scales, which means that the degree of circular polarization of SIGWs is very small.
Physical aspects of
modified gravity theories
Authors: Marciu Mihai , Ioan Dana Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper extends basic Einstein–Hilbert action by incorporating an invariant derived from a specific contraction between the Einstein tensor and energy momentum tensor. This represents a non–minimal coupling between the space–time geometry and matter fields. The fundamental Einstein–Hilbert action is extended by considering a generic function

. This function is subsequently dissected into its primary components: a geometric part reliant on the scalar curvature, and another segment encapsulating the interaction between geometry and matter fields. Distinct cosmological models are formulated at the backdrop of these dynamics, rooted in specific associations between the matter energy-momentum tensor and Einstein tensor. Upon deriving the consequent field equations, the cosmological model's physical implications are explored through a dynamical system analysis applied to diverse coupling functions. This exploration reveals that the current model aligns with various phases in the Universe's evolution, potentially elucidating several late-time historical epochs.
Temporal response of the conductivity of electrolytes
Authors: Bonneau Haggai , Démery Vincent , Raphaël Elie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the temporal response of the electric current in an electrolyte under a sudden switch on or switch off of an external electric field of arbitrary magnitude. We use Stochastic Density Functional Theory including hydrodynamic interactions to express the current as a function of the ionic correlations. Assuming small density fluctuations, we linearize the field theory to compute the correlations in the transient regime. We first show that the correlations do not follow the same trajectory when the field is switched on or switched off. Accordingly, the behavior of the current differs in the two cases: it decays exponentially when the field is switched off, but it relaxes algebraically to its stationary value when the field is switched on. This difference is a non-linear effect since an exponential relaxation is recovered in both cases in the weak field limit.
Damage Characteristics of Asphalt Stabilized Macadam Under Freeze-thaw Action
Authors: Yin Guohong , Zhang Ping , He Yongnan , Yang Yongzhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to study the freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt stabilized macadam asphalt pavement in cold regions, the asphalt stabilized macadam specimens were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles at different times. Based on CT non-destructive testing and digital image processing technology, the change laws of porosity, void number and void equivalent diameter of asphalt stabilized macadam specimens were studied, so as to analyze the freeze-thaw damage characteristics of asphalt stabilized macadam from the micro level, The effect of adding 2% SBS modifier on the freeze-thaw resistance of asphalt stabilized macadam was studied. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw times, the porosity and the number of voids of asphalt stabilized macadam increases gradually, while the equivalent diameter of voids decrease first and then increase; The addition of 2% SBS can hinder the development of void connectivity and the generation of new voids, and improve the water damage resistance of asphalt stabilized macadam.
Development of Starting Wind Speed Calibration System
Authors: Han Guanglu , Qiu Shi , Yang Zongbo , Yang Maoshui , Ma Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This starting wind speed calibration system is developed on the basis of wind tunnel design theory, with the hot-wire anemometer as the standard instrument, the single-chip microcomputer as the reading and control center, and the power section uses PWM technology to control the fan rotate. The system is suitable for automatic calibration of starting wind speed of EL15-1A/1C, ZQZ-TF, EC9-1 and other common wind speed sensors indoors or on the site without wind (wind speed<0.2m/s). According to the test, within the wind speed range of 0.3~0.8m/s, the wind field uniformity index of the system is 0.04~0.08m/s, and the stability index is not more than 0.5%. Compared with wind tunnels of provincial meteorological laboratories, the numerical trend of the starting wind speed is consistent.
Thermal Performance of the Evaporator in the two Phase Mechanically Pumped Cooling Loop
Authors: Chen Hao , Tang Wenhui , Xiang Liyin , Xu Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the two-phase mechanically pumped cooling loop, the performance of the evaporator is very important as it directly contacts with the electronic equipment to absorb the waste heat. The evaporator with the micro channels which can enhance heat exchange is designed and it can be used to dissipate the heat generated by the electronic equipment with discrete heat sources. The effects of working medium flow rate and heating power on the performance of the evaporator were analyzed through numerical simulation. Meanwhile, the changes of evaporator performance were also investigated while the heating power changed periodically and suddenly. In addition, the flow and heat transfer process in the evaporator at the initial stage were analyzed by transient calculation. The results showed that the evaporator with micro channels can reduce the maximum temperature by 47.66% and the maximum temperature difference by 83.39% compared with the evaporator without micro channels. In addition, the evaporator showed good stability under variable power condition.
Experimental Study on Effect of Water Depth on Earthquake Response of a Deep-water Cable-stayed Bridge Tower
Authors: Li Songlin , Geng Bo , Leng Siyuan , Deng Yasi , Liu Yangqing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the aim of investigating the effect of water depth on the earthquake response of a deep-water cable-stayed bridge tower, this study designed and manufactured a large-scale bridge tower model, taking a cable-stayed bridge across a deep reservoir of a hydropower station as a reference. Under the boundary conditions similar to the reference, shaking table tests were conducted to reflect the structural response of the bridge tower under white noise and earthquake actions at different water depths. The time history curve of the bridge tower’s structural response was recorded and used to investigate the variations in the natural frequency, displacement, stress and strain of a deep-water cable-stayed bridge tower at different water depths under earthquake actions. The results showed that the natural frequency of the bridge tower decreased almost linearly with the increase in the water depth. The displacement at the tower top increased gradually with the increase in the water depth under earthquake actions. In addition, the stress and strain at the tower bottom increased almost linearly in the transverse direction and nonlinearly in the longitudinal direction with the increase in the water depth.
Simulation Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of Slurry Bubble Column with Vertical Tube Internals
Authors: Li Guiyong , Chen Guanghui , Duan Jihai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gas-liquid-solid mixing characteristics in slurry bubble column were studied using the CFD-PBM model under different cross section coverage ratios of tubes. The research shows that with the increase of the proportion of the cross section area of the vertical tube, the flow field in the slurry bubble column tends to be stable, the liquid phase flow rate in the column becomes faster, and the large-scale liquid circulation strengthens, resulting in the decrease of gas holdup. As the proportion of cross section area in the vertical column increases, the distribution of gas-solid holdup becomes more uneven in the radial direction. However, increasing the number of vertical tubes can improve the axial distribution of solid particles in the reactor while reducing the size of bubbles in the column. Therefore, it can be concluded that in order to achieve effective gas, liquid, and solid mixing in slurry bubble column, the ratio of cross section area of vertical internals is crucial under given conditions.