bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greater adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is associated with lower diet-related greenhouse gas emissions but higher costs
Authors: Conrad Zach , Drewnowski Adam , Love David C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFew studies have evaluated the sustainability of popular diet patterns in the US, which limits policy action and impedes consumer efficacy to make sustainable dietary changes. This study filled this gap by evaluating the relationship between diet quality, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), and diet cost for plant-based, restricted carbohydrate, low grain, low fat, and time restricted diet patterns.MethodsDietary data were retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018, n = 8,146) and linked with data on GHGE and food prices from publicly available databases. Diet quality was measured using the Healthy Eating Index-2015. The present study (1) compared the mean diet quality, GHGE, and diet cost between diet patterns, (2) evaluated the association of diet quality to GHGE and diet cost for each diet pattern, and (3) estimated the contribution of food sources to GHGE and diet cost for each diet pattern.ResultsHigher diet quality was associated with lower GHGE for the general population and for most diet patterns (p &lt; 0.01) except for the plant-based and time restricted diet patterns (p &gt; 0.05). Higher diet quality was associated with higher cost for the general population and for all dietary patterns (p &lt; 0.01) except the time restricted diet pattern (p &gt; 0.05). Protein foods, mostly beef, accounted for the largest share of GHGE (29–40%) and diet cost (28–47%) for all diet patterns except plant-based.DiscussionHigher diet quality was associated with lower GHGE but was often accompanied by higher diet cost. These sustainability trade-offs can help inform major policy discussions in the US and shed light on further research needs in the area of food systems transformation.
Cultural differences in the relations between expressive flexibility and life satisfaction over time
Authors: Ang Jen Ying Zhen , Tsai William 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundExpressive flexibility refers to the ability to assess situational demands and adjust one’s emotion expressions via enhancement or suppression. It has been associated with lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater social acceptance. These relationships, however, have not yet been examined across cultures—where prior research has found cultural differences in norms on emotion displays and their associations with mental health. This study examined expressive flexibility across three cultural groups and their associations with life satisfaction and depressive symptoms over time.Methods276 first-year college students (146 Asian American, 71 European Americans, and 62 Latinx Americans) completed two online surveys during the first (T1) and thirteenth week (T2) of the Fall 2020 academic semester.ResultsResults revealed no significant cultural group differences in the ability to enhance or suppress emotions. However, we found a significant ethnicity x enhancement ability interaction in predicting T2 life satisfaction, controlling for T1 life satisfaction, age, gender, and emotion regulation frequency. Specifically, greater ability to enhance one’s emotions was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction over time among Asian Americans, but not for European Americans and Latinx Americans.DiscussionOur findings illustrate the importance of not looking just at cultural group differences in the levels of expressive flexibility, but also at the associations between expressive flexibility and mental health.
Wastewater-based epidemiology: the crucial role of viral shedding dynamics in small communities
Authors: Rioux Marc-Denis , Guillemette François , Lemarchand Karine , Doiron Kim , Lemay Jean-François , Maere Thomas , Dolcé Patrick , Quessy Patrik , Abonnenc Nanouk , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Frigon Dominic 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundWastewater surveillance (WWS) of pathogens is a rapidly evolving field owing to the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, which brought about a paradigm shift in public health authorities for the management of pathogen outbreaks. However, the interpretation of WWS in terms of clinical cases remains a challenge, particularly in small communities where large variations in pathogen concentrations are routinely observed without a clear relation to clinical incident cases.MethodsResults are presented for WWS from six municipalities in the eastern part of Canada during the spring of 2021. We developed a numerical model based on viral kinetics reduction functions to consider both prevalent and incident cases to interpret the WWS data in light of the reported clinical cases in the six surveyed communities.ResultsThe use of the proposed numerical model with a viral kinetics reduction function drastically increased the interpretability of the WWS data in terms of the clinical cases reported for the surveyed community. In line with our working hypothesis, the effects of viral kinetics reduction modeling were more important in small communities than in larger communities. In all but one of the community cases (where it had no effect), the use of the proposed numerical model led to a change from a +1.5% (for the larger urban center, Quebec City) to a +48.8% increase in the case of a smaller community (Drummondville).ConclusionConsideration of prevalent and incident cases through the proposed numerical model increases the correlation between clinical cases and WWS data. This is particularly the case in small communities. Because the proposed model is based on a biological mechanism, we believe it is an inherent part of any wastewater system and, hence, that it should be used in any WWS analysis where the aim is to relate WWS measurement to clinical cases.
Short-term effects of air pollution and weather changes on the occurrence of acute aortic dissection in a cold region
Authors: Zhang Haiyu , Yin Leilei , Zhang Yingtao , Qiu Zhaowen , Peng Sizheng , Wang Zhonghua , Sun Bo , Ding Jianrui , Liu Jing , Du Kai , Wang Mingxin , Sun Yanming , Chen Jing , Zhao Hongyan , Song Tao , Sun Yuhui 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAir pollution and severe weather conditions can adversely affect cardiovascular disease emergencies. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether air pollutants and low ambient temperature can trigger the occurrence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) in cold regions.MethodsWe applied a retrospective analysis to assess the short-term effects of air pollution and ambient temperature on the occurrence of AAD in Harbin, China. A total of 564 AAD patients were enrolled from a major hospital in Harbin between January 1, 2017, and February 5, 2021. Weather condition data and air pollutant concentrations, including fine particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), were collected every day. Conditional logistic regressions and correlation analysis were applied to analyze the relationship of environmental and atmospheric parameters with AAD occurrence at lags of 0 to 7 days. Specifically, we appraised the air quality index, CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, temperature, dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure, and cloud amount.ResultsA total of 1,496 days at risk were assessed, of which 564 patients developed AAD. Specifically, AAD did not occur on 1,043 (69.72%) days, while 1 or more cases occurred on 453 (30.28%) days. Several pollution and weather predictors for AAD were confirmed by multilevel modeling. The air quality index (p = 0.0012), cloud amount (p = 0.0001), and concentrations of PM2.5 (p = 0.0004), PM10 (p = 0.0013), NO2 (p = 0.0007) and O3 (p = 0.0001) predicted AAD as early as 7 days before the incident (lag of 7 days) in the study period. However, only concentrations of the air pollutants NO2 (p = 0.0468) and O3 (p = 0.011) predicted the occurrence of AAD after the COVID-19 outbreak. Similar predictive effects were observed for temperature, dew point temperature, and atmospheric pressure (all p &lt; 0.05) on all days.ConclusionThe risk of AAD is closely related to air pollution and weather characteristics in Harbin. While causation was not determined, the impact of air pollutants on the risk of AAD was reduced after the COVID-19 outbreak.
Innovation through the Quintuple Helix in living labs: lessons learned for a transformation from lab to ecosystem
Authors: Merino-Barbancho Beatriz , Abril Jiménez Patricia , Mallo Irene , Lombroni Ivana , Cea Gloria , López Nebreda Cristina , Cabrera María Fernanda , Fico Giuseppe , Arredondo María Teresa 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIn the process of growing societies, and especially in the digital era we live in, there is a need for a strong push for innovation that puts citizens at the center of the process from the beginning to build more resilient, cooperative and flexible communities. Different collaborative design approaches have emerged in recent decades, one of the most interesting being Living Labs, which involves user-centered design and co-creative innovation that bring together different actors and roles. However, although these new methodologies are harnessing creativity, some aspects of this new, more ecosystemic and complex vision are not clearly understood: possible barriers, how to facilitate local and operational solutions, overcoming institutional blockage, integrating new roles, etc.MethodsThe incorporation of the Quintuple Helix as a driver to ensure greater coordinated participation of local actors has proven its usefulness and impact during the re-adaptation of LifeSpace (previously named Smart House Living Lab), managed by the Polytechnic University of Madrid (Spain), a transformation based on the experiences and lessons learned during the large-scale ACTIVAGE pilot funded by the European Commission, more specifically at the Madrid Deployment Site. It involved more than 350 older adult people and other stakeholders from different areas, including family members, formal and informal caregivers, hospital service managers, third-age associations, and public service providers, forming a sense of community, which was called MAHA.ResultsThe living lab infrastructure evolved from a single multi-purpose environment to incorporate three harmoniously competing environments: (1) THE LAB: Headquarters for planning, demonstration, initial design phases and entry point for newcomers to the process, (2) THE CLUB: Controlled interaction environment where returning users validate solutions, focusing mainly on AHA services (MAHA CLUB), such as exergames, social interaction applications, brain training activities, etc. (3) THE NEIGHBOURHOOD: Real-life environments for free and open interaction between actors and implementation of previously validated and tested solutions.ConclusionThe Quintuple Helix model applied in LifeSpace’s new vision allows a coordinated involvement of a more diverse set of actors, beyond the end-users and especially those who are not traditionally part of research and innovation processes.
Strengthening the social resilience of people living at the intersection of precariousness and migration during pandemics: action recommendations developed in Munich, Germany
Authors: Öcek Zeliha Asli , Geise Mandy , Volkmann Anna-Maria , Basili Acelya , Klünder Vera , Coenen Michaela 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAn EU-funded project in five countries examined vulnerability mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team in Germany concentrated on people living at the intersection of migration and precariousness. The study aimed first to provide an understanding of how migrants living in precarious conditions in Munich had been affected by the pandemic, both from their own and from experts’ perspectives. The second aim was to develop action recommendations to reduce structural vulnerabilities and increase resilience with a view towards improved pandemic preparedness.MethodsThe study followed a two-phase process. The first was a qualitative study based on interviews with 25 migrants and 13 experts. In the second, researchers developed action recommendations based on the vulnerability/ resilience factors that had been generated in the first phase. Three consecutive meetings with stakeholders (expert panel, focus group discussion with two migrant organization, meeting with the Munich Migration Council) were then held to further strengthen the draft recommendations.ResultsContent analysis revealed twelve vulnerability and eight resilience factors in three domains (COVID-19 prevention; human rights, living and housing environment; social support). Migrants had limited access to COVID-19 prevention measures; living conditions made outbreaks inevitable; uncertainty about legal status, employment, and housing, as well as stigma and discrimination, exacerbated their precariousness; social support had decreased; and resilience mechanisms had failed. The initial draft of recommendations contained 24 proposed actions. The meetings added recommendations such as enhancing psychosocial support, preventing ghettoization, improving social housing, preventing the interruption of language education in times of crisis, severe penalties for media stigmatisation and proactive truth-telling. The final list included 30 actions.ConclusionIn Munich, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated vulnerability mechanisms commonly associated with being a migrant. The recommendations developed here speak to those vulnerabilities but need to be refined further to be more actionable and comprehensive. Nonetheless, the recommendations and the processes that led to them highlight the importance of migrant-inclusive approaches and empowerment in increasing migrants’ resilience to future crises.
Oligosaccharide feed supplementation reduces plasma insulin in geldings with Equine Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: von Münchow Alexandra , Torp Yttergren Sarah , Jakobsen Rasmus Riemer , Luthersson Nanna , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Lindenberg Frederikke 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of Equine Metabolic Syndrome and insulin dysregulation is increasing in the horse population. Insulin dysregulation is a risk factor for laminitis, which has significant welfare consequences for the horse. Current treatment strategies for Equine Metabolic Syndrome have variable effects on insulin sensitivity. Findings suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in gastrointestinal barrier protection and metabolic diseases. Dietary supplementation with oligosaccharides has been shown to increase the production of short-chain fatty acids and induce changes in the gut microbiota, with an increase in insulin sensitivity.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that dietary oligosaccharide supplementation would ameliorate insulin dysregulation in horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome.Study designFifteen horses were included in a cross-over study including two feed supplementations periods with oligosaccharide supplementation or calcium carbonate. Before and after each period plasma insulin, endotoxin, serum amyloid A, and blood glucose concentrations were measured during an oral sugar test and fecal samples were collected.ResultsOligosaccharide supplementation significantly reduced insulin in geldings (p = 0.02). Overall, none of the dominating bacterias changed significantly in relative Δ-abundance. In the gut microbiota of mares, the Akkermansia genus and Clostridiaceae family were significantly more abundant. Within-sample bacterial diversity of horses with insulin concentrations &gt; 60 mIU/L was significantly greater when compared to horses &lt; 60 mIU/L. Horses with insulin concentrations &gt; 60 mIU/L and horses with previous laminitis had a significantly greater beta diversity.Main limitationsCut-off values for oligosaccharide feed supplementation/placebo dosing instead of dosing by g/kg body weight; owner compliance; single blood sample in oral sugar test; inter-horse variationConclusionsThis study demonstrated that oligosaccharide supplementation could improve insulin dysregulation in geldings with Equine Metabolic Syndrome suggesting that sex susceptibility might be a factor to consider. Additionally, a tendency of reduction of obesity-associated bacteria was observed. Furthermore, the diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly dependent on laminitis status and insulin concentrations. However, more studies on the effects of oligosaccharide supplementation on insulin dysregulation are needed to improve the dietary management of horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome.
First-Principles Investigation of Point Defects on the Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum at Room Temperature
Authors: Fan Touwen , Ruan Zixiong , Nie Baohua , Liao Yikai , Huang Bowen , Xu Zimeng , Wu Yuanzhi , Hu Te , Chen Dongchu 
Published: August 2023

The effects of point defects on the mechanical and thermal conductivity of aluminum at room temperature have been investigated based on the first-principles calculations combined with the Boltzmann equation and the Debye model. The calculated results showed the equilibrium lattice constants a0 of all REAl are larger than that of Al, and the defective formation energy Ef of all REAl is lower than that of VAl. Both a0 and Ef increase from Sc to La and then decrease linearly to Lu. The effects of solute atoms on the mechanical properties of the Al matrix were further calculated, and compared with Al, it is found that the REAl defects decrease the elastic constant Cij, Cauchy pressure C12–C44, bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young’s modulus E, B/G and Poisson’s ratio ν of Al, except for C44 of REAl (RE = La-Nd). With the increase of atomic number, the C11 and E of Al-containing REAl decrease from Sc to La and then slowly increase to Lu, whereas C12, C44, B, and G have little change. Meanwhile, the values of C12–C44 and B/G of Al-containing REAl increase from Sc to Ce, and it slightly change after Ce, while ν is nearly unchanged. All defects containing Al present nonuniform and ductility. Finally, the effects of rare earth (RE) atoms on the thermal conductivity (TC) of Al alloys have been investigated based on the first-principles calculations. The reduction of TC of Al alloys by RE solute atoms REAl is much greater than that by the L12 Al3RE phase with the same concentration of RE, which is in good agreement with the experiments. With the RE atomic number increasing, the total TC κ of the Al-RE solid solution decreases from Sc to La firstly and then increases linearly to Lu. Moreover, the decrement of TC Δκ of the Al matrix by early REAl (RE = La-Sm) is larger than that by VAl, while the later REAl (RE = Gd-Lu) shows the opposite influence.
Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and Fusarium wilt Control in Asparagus Crop
Authors: Brizuela Alexandri María , Gálvez Laura , Arroyo Juan Manuel , Sánchez Silvia , Palmero Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Among the key diseases affecting the asparagus crop (Asparagus officinalis L.), vascular wilting of asparagus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi stands out worldwide. This disease significantly shortens the longevity of the crop and limits economic production. Traditional control measures have been largely ineffective, and chemical control methods are difficult to apply, making biological control approaches, specifically the use of Trichoderma, an economical, effective, and risk-free alternative. This study aimed to identify the main factors that affect the efficacy of biopesticides studied as Biological Control Agents (BCAs) against Fusarium wilt in asparagus and to assess the efficacy of Trichoderma-based biopesticides under greenhouse and semi-field conditions. We evaluated the response of three Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. asperellum, and T. saturnisporum) to environmental variables, such as temperature and water activity, and their antagonistic capacity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi. All three Trichoderma species inhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro. A decrease in water activity led to a greater reduction in the growth rate. The efficacy of the three biological control agents decreased with higher temperatures, resulting in minimal inhibition, particularly under conditions of restricted available water in the environment. The effect of the fungal inoculum density was also analyzed at two different temperatures. A direct correlation between the amount of inoculum and the score on the Disease Severity Index (DSI) was observed. A notable reduction in DSI was evident in treatments with high inoculum density (106 conidium/mL) for all three species of Trichoderma tested at both temperatures. In greenhouse and semi-field tests, we observed less disease control than expected, although T. asperellum and T. atroviride showed lower disease severity indices and increased the dry weight of seedlings and crowns, whereas T. saturnisporum resulted in the highest disease rate and lowest dry weight. This work highlights that the efficacy of Trichoderma as BCAs is influenced by various factors, including the quantity of soil inocula, and environmental conditions. The study findings have strong implications for selecting appropriate Trichoderma species for controlling specific pathogens under specific environmental conditions.
Analisis System Usability Scale (SUS) dan Perancangan Sistem Self Service Pemesanan Menu di Restoran Berbasis Web
Authors: Susila Anak Agung Ngurah Hary , Sri Arsa Dewa Made 
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 merupakan pandemi global dengan jumlah Negara yang terjangkit virus ini sebanyak 220 dan jumlah kasus terkonfirmasi sebanyak 55.326.907 jiwa. Di Indonesia sejak bulan Maret sampai November 2021 terdapat kasus positif sebanyak 478.720 jiwa, dimana kasus ini teridentifikasi dari klaster perkantoran, pabrik, tempat pendidikan, rumah sakit/puskesmas, dan terakhir ditemukan klaster baru pada restoran. Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif telah mengeluarkan panduan untuk pencegahan COVID-19 pada restoran dengan menyediakan daftar menu dan pemesanan makanan atau minuman berbasis online. Tujuan penelitian adalah merancang model arsitektur aplikasi self service menu dan order pada restoran. Metode yang digunakan untuk perancangan sistem ini adalah metode Waterfall dengan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) untuk pengujian kegunaan aplikasi. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu model arsitektur self service aplikasi menu dan order terdapat dua aktor pengguna yaitu pengunjung dan admin restoran. Model arsitektur aplikasi self service menu dan order memiliki menu halaman yang dapat diakses tamu dan admin yaitu halaman utama sistem, menu makanan minuman, halaman check out pesanan, halaman order admin dan untuk mengakses sistem dapat menggunakan QR Code. Hasil dari pengujian kegunaan aplikasi dengan metode System Usability Scale (SUS) mendapatkan rata-rata nilai 70 atau kategori Good (baik).
Kata Kunci: Aplikasi Self Service, COVID-19, Restoran, System Usability Scale