bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does supercharging with cross‐face nerve graft enhance smile in non‐flaccid facial paralysis patients undergoing selective neurectomy?
Authors: Kaufman Goldberg Tal , Trzcinski Lauren O. , McGonagle Elizabeth R. , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCross face nerve grafting (CFNG) is a well‐established nerve transfer technique in facial reanimation; however, no study has assessed outcome of supercharging the smile with CFNG in patients with synkinesis. The goal of this study was to examine the smile outcome in non‐flaccid facial paralysis (NFFP) patients after supercharging with CFNG during selective neurectomy.MethodsNFFP patients who underwent CFNG with end‐to‐side coaptation to a smile branch on the paralyzed side during selective neurectomy were retrospectively identified and their charts were reviewed. Pre‐operative and post‐operative facial function was assessed with the electronic clinician‐graded facial function tool (eFACE), and an automated computer‐aided facial assessment tool (Emotrics). Smile metrics were compared pre‐operatively, in early post‐operative time (EPO, <6 months), and late post‐operative time (LPO, >9 months) when CFNG contribution would be expected.ResultsThirteen cases were performed between June 2019 and December 2021. No objective smile metrics improved following supercharging with CFNG. Oral commissure excursion improved by 1.23 points in eFACE (p = .812), and by 0.84 in Emotrtics (p = .187) from EPO to LPO. EFACE dynamic score was improved by 0.08 points from EPO to LPO (p = .969).ConclusionsUsing CFNG for supercharging the smile during selective neurectomy in NFFP patients may not enhance smile. Longer term results following supercharging and long term natural history of selective neurectomy should be assessed.
A mixed methods approach to investigating physical activity in people with obesity participating in a chronic care programme awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pavlovic Natalie , Brady Bernadette , Boland Robert , Harris Ian A. , Flood Victoria M. , Genel Furkan , Gao Manxin , Naylor Justine M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo describe patient‐reported physical activity and step count trajectory and explore perceived barriers and enablers to physical activity amongst people with obesity participating in a chronic care programme whilst awaiting arthroplasty.DesignConvergent parallel mixed‐method study.MethodA patient cohort derived from a longitudinal sample of adults with end‐stage osteoarthritis and obesity from a chronic care programme whilst awaiting primary total knee or hip arthroplasty (n = 97) was studied. Physical activity was measured at baseline (entry to the wait list) and before surgery (9–12 months waiting time) using the Lower Extremity Activity Scale (LEAS) and activity monitors (activPAL™). A subset of participants completed in‐depth semi‐structured interviews 6 months after being waitlisted to explore perceived barriers and enablers to physical activity. Themes were inductively derived and then interpreted through the COM‐B model.ResultsBaseline LEAS and activPAL™ data were available from 97 and 63 participants, respectively. The proportion of community ambulant individuals reduced from 43% (95% CI 33%–53%) at baseline to 17% (95% CI 9%–28%) pre‐surgery. Paired activPAL™ data (n = 31) for step count, upright time, and stepping time remained unchanged. Twenty‐five participants were interviewed. Five themes underpinning physical activity were mapped to the COM‐B model components of capability (physical capability), opportunity (accessibility and social norms), and motivation (self‐efficacy and beliefs and physical activity).ConclusionsParticipation in a chronic care programme did not improve physical activity levels for people with obesity awaiting arthroplasty. Programs cognisant of the COM‐B model components may be required to address the natural trajectory of declining physical activity levels while awaiting arthroplasty.
Improved fecal particle size profile in Rainbow Trout fed feeds containing different ratios of animal meal and plant protein concentrates: Effect on nitrogen and phosphorus partitioning
Authors: Welker Thomas L. , Barrows Frederic T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur objective in this study was to evaluate the effects of fish meal replacement with plant and animal protein sources accompanied by a feed binder on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) partitioning in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss feces.MethodsThree diets in which fish meal (FM; reference diet) was completely replaced with a combination of poultry meal (PM), corn protein concentrate, soy protein concentrate, and guar gum (binder) were evaluated to determine the portioning of N and P in fecal particle size‐classes (fines: <0.6 mm; mid‐size particles: 0.6–1.2 mm; large particles: >1.2 mm) and compared with a commercial feed for Rainbow Trout. Feces were evaluated for particle size composition and the content of total N (TN) and total P (TP) in each size‐class.ResultThere was a significant difference in fecal particle size composition for trout fed the experimental diets compared to those given the commercial feed. Fish that received the four experimental diets produced feces with approximately 43% large particles and 24% fines compared to 6% and 67% for trout that were fed the commercial diet. The TN in feces was significantly higher for trout that were fed the FM diet (3.84%) than for trout fed the FM‐free diets, and TN also declined linearly (2.68, 1.91, and 1.59%) as the content of PM was replaced with plant‐based protein. A diet × particle size interaction effect on fecal N content was also observed in which a significant increase in TN from large particles compared with fines occurred for the experimental FM diet, but there was little difference between size‐classes for the non‐FM‐based feeds. The feces of trout fed the FM diet contained more TP (100,007 μg/g) than the feces of fish receiving the FM‐free diets (46,751–72,659 μg/g), likely due to higher dietary P content of FM. However, TP concentrations followed a similar trend as TN in the FM‐free feeds, declining as the proportion of plant protein sources increased (and as PM decreased). The large fecal particles (72,235 μg/g) contained more TP than the mid‐size particles (68,926 μg/g) or fines (61,974 μg/g), which could be due to leaching in the latter two particle size‐classes, as the potential for solubility likely increased as particle size decreased.ConclusionThese findings may have important implications for improving the fecal particle size profile for sedimentation and removal of regulated nutrients through the formulation of Rainbow Trout feeds in replacement of FM with plant protein.
Dekarbonisierung: Kohlenstoff fixieren
Authors: Ertler Aaron 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPflanzen binden Kohlenstoff aus dem Kohlendioxid der Luft für eine bestimmte Zeit. Pyrolyse von Pflanzenrückständen bindet ihn länger. Das Produkt lässt sich in der Landwirtschaft nutzen, um Enzyme und Mikroorganismen für die Photosynthese und die Nährstoffaufnahme zu stärken.
Nurses' experiences of using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale with patients in specialized palliative care—A qualitative focus group study
Authors: Beck Ingela , Törnquist Kicki , Gruvebäck Anders , Rasmussen Birgit. H. , Olsson Möller Ulrika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo explore nurses’ experiences of using the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) as a communication tool in specialized palliative care.DesignThis study employed a qualitative inductive approach. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were followed for reporting.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with nurses from four specialized palliative care units, and the discussions were analysed with quality content analysis.ResultsUsing IPOS for communication with the patient gave an opportunity to understand the patient's care needs and to let these care needs guide care interventions. Prerequisites in terms of relation, atmosphere, skills and flexibility were needed to establish an interactive communication. It was challenging to communicate about issues that evoked emotional reactions in the patient. There was a balancing act between the use of a structured scale and overcoming communication challenges. Nonetheless, when the two complemented each other, IPOS was a useful tool for nurses to promote person‐centred care.
Using learner‐generated poetry to help students understand technical scientific literature
Authors: Ahlers Adam A. , Brimhall Traci 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUndergraduate students enrolled in ecology courses read peer‐reviewed, scientific literature to learn how hypotheses are tested and to understand conclusions from research. This technical material can be difficult to understand for many students, thus inhibiting learning processes and reducing interest in courses or associated content. Using creative methods to teach science‐based material can improve student‐learning outcomes, though students’ perceptions on learning have not been fully evaluated. We qualitatively compared changes in students’ perceived understanding of peer‐reviewed literature before and after poetry writing assignments. Students were asked to read a randomly assigned peer‐reviewed paper focused on waterfowl and/or wetland management and rate their understanding of the (1) results and conclusions and (2) management implications from research described in the paper. We then asked students to read another randomly assigned paper, complete two poems (one haiku and one villanelle) about the paper, and then again rate their understanding of both metrics. With our small sample, we found students rated their perceived understanding of peer‐reviewed literature higher after creating student‐generated poetry, and they generally appreciated the assignment. Our qualitative results underscore potential merits of incorporating poetry into science learning, and we provide testable hypotheses to further our understanding of how integrating poetry into science‐based courses may enhance student learning.
Immersive, interactive virtual learning environments increase accessibility in soil science
Authors: Aleman Ruben , Vaughan Karen , Summerfield Kyle , Seeley Janel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the use of online education increases, technologies to improve the quality of learning have been improving alongside it. One method of information dissemination is virtual learning environments (VLE), in which educators can tailor digital lessons according to their subject and the needs of their students. For soil science, and field‐based sciences in general, this technology holds great potential in addressing issues of accessibility. Field labs can be challenging due to monetary, time, and physical constraints; however, the use of VLE can allow for students to indefinitely access field settings in a safe and repeatable way with no additional cost. We have built the framework for and created an immersive soil science–based VLE in the Laramie Range Mountains, examining terrain and soils along six sites on a catena. When this VLE was used in a class of 26 upper level morphology and classification students as a supplemental field trip, scores before and after use were comparable; however, students reported an increase in engagement and interest in the VLE itself, as well a general increase in understanding of relationships between landscape processes and soil formation. Using this technology structure in distance learning enhances our ability to deliver high‐quality, immersive, accessible content as natural science education progresses.
Hedgehog signalling in Foxd1+ embryonic kidney stromal progenitors controls nephron formation via Cxcl12 and Wnt5a
Authors: D'Cruz Robert , Kim Yun‐Kyo , Mulder Jaap , Ibeh Neke , Jiang Nan , Tian Yilin , Rosenblum Norman D 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are characterised by a spectrum of structural and histologic abnormalities and are the major cause of childhood kidney failure. During kidney morphogenesis, the formation of a critical number of nephrons is an embryonic process supported, in part, by signalling between nephrogenic precursors and Foxd1‐positive stromal progenitor cells. Low nephron number and abnormal patterning of the stroma are signature pathological features among CAKUT phenotypes with decreased kidney function. Despite their critical contribution to CAKUT pathogenesis, the mechanisms that underlie a low nephron number and the functional contribution of a disorganised renal stroma to nephron number are both poorly defined. Here, we identify a primary pathogenic role for increased Hedgehog signalling in embryonic renal stroma in the genesis of congenital low nephron number. Pharmacologic activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling in human kidney organoid tissue decreased the number of nephrons and generated excess stroma. The mechanisms underlying these pathogenic effects were delineated in genetic mouse models in which Hh signalling was constitutively activated in a cell lineage‐specific manner. Cre‐mediated excision of Ptch1 in Foxd1+ stromal progenitor cells, but not in Six2+ nephrogenic precursor cells, generated kidney malformation, identifying the stroma as a driver of low nephron number. Single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis identified Cxcl12 and Wnt5a as downstream targets of increased stromal Hh signalling, findings supported by analysis in human kidney organoids. In vivo deficiency of Cxcl12 or Wnt5a in mice with increased stromal Hh signalling improved nephron endowment. These results demonstrate that dysregulated Hh signalling in embryonic renal stromal cells inhibits nephron formation in a manner dependent on Cxcl12 and Wnt5a. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Investigation on flame‐retardant, thermal and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polyimide composites
Authors: He Dalong , Liu Xiang , Jiao Fangkun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComposites with excellent flame retardant and mechanical properties are in high demand in the aerospace and various industrial fields. Glass fiber (GF) reinforced polyimide (PI) composites (GFRPCs) were fabricated using a simple ball milling and hot pressing technique. The effect of GF content on the thermal stability, mechanical and flame retardant properties of composites has been systematically studied. The Rockwell hardness of GFRPCs increase with increasing GF content, while the compressive strength, impact strength and flexural strength initially show an increase followed by a decrease due to the excellent dispersibility of the fillers and the strong interfacial interaction between the one‐dimensional GF and PI matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the addition of GF with very low thermal conductivity and excellent temperature resistance can effectively improve the thermal stability of PI. Adding GF into PI can obviously improve the limiting oxygen index value. Moreover, as the GF content increased, the time to ignition of the composites prolonged while total heat release decreased. These findings suggest a viable solution for enhancing both the flame retardance and mechanical properties of PI‐based composites.Highlights
GFRPCs with high GF content fabricated via ball milling‐hot pressing method.
Silane modified GF obviously improves the thermal stability of PI matrix.
GFRPCs‐28 exhibits superior mechanical properties.
An increases in time to ignition (TTI) and mass residual rate (MRR) of the GFRPCs was observed on adding GF.
Metabolomic analysis of serum samples from a clinical study on ipragliflozin and metformin treatment in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Exploring human metabolites associated with visceral fat reduction
Authors: Tsukagoshi‐Yamaguchi Ayano , Koshizaka Masaya , Ishibashi Ryoichi , Ishikawa Ko , Ishikawa Takahiro , Shoji Mayumi , Ide Shintaro , Ide Kana , Baba Yusuke , Terayama Ryo , Hattori Akiko , Takemoto Minoru , Ouchi Yasuo , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro ,   the PRIME‐V study group
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe effects of the sodium‐dependent glucose transporter‐2 inhibitor ipragliflozin were compared with metformin in a previous study, which revealed that ipragliflozin reduced visceral fat content by 12%; however, the underlying mechanism was unclear. Therefore, this sub‐analysis aimed to compare metabolomic changes associated with ipragliflozin and metformin that may contribute to their biological effects.DesignA sub‐analysis of a randomized controlled study.SettingChiba University Hospital and ten hospitals in Japan.PatientsFifteen patients with type 2 diabetes in the ipragliflozin group and 15 patients with type 2 diabetes in the metformin group with matching characteristics, such as age, sex, baseline A1C, baseline visceral fat area, smoking status, and concomitant medication.InterventionsIpragliflozin 50 mg or metformin 1000 mg daily.MeasurementsThe clinical data were reanalyzed, and metabolomic analysis of serum samples collected before and 24 weeks after drug administration was performed using capillary electrophoresis time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry.Main ResultsThe reduction in the mean visceral fat area after 24 weeks of treatment was significantly larger (p = 0.002) in the ipragliflozin group (−19.8%) than in the metformin group (−2.5%), as were the subcutaneous fat area and body weight. The A1C and blood glucose levels decreased in both groups. Glutamic pyruvic oxaloacetic transaminase, γ‐glutamyl transferase, uric acid, and triglyceride levels decreased in the ipragliflozin group. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased in the metformin group. After ipragliflozin administration, N2‐phenylacetylglutamine, inosine, guanosine, and 1‐methyladenosine levels increased, whereas galactosamine, glucosamine, 11‐aminoundecanoic acid, morpholine, and choline levels decreased. After metformin administration, metformin, hypotaurine, methionine, methyl‐2‐oxovaleric acid, 3‐nitrotyrosine, and cyclohexylamine levels increased, whereas citrulline, octanoic acid, indole‐3‐acetaldehyde, and hexanoic acid levels decreased.ConclusionsMetabolites that may affect visceral fat reduction were detected in the ipragliflozin group. Studies are required to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
The increased Diels–Alder reactivity of umpolung tropone: analysis of individual atoms and bonds using QTAIM and IQA along complete IRC paths
Authors: Richter Wagner Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fruitful debate took place recently in literature, discussing the enhanced Diels–Alder reactivity of tropone derivatives for which the carbonyl polarity was reversed by means of umpolung. Karas et al. sustained that the umpolung increases the antiaromatic character of the ring, affecting the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, speeding up the reaction. Tiekink et al. challenged this interpretation by sustaining that the asynchronicity of the reaction mechanisms, rather than orbital energy perturbation, was the main responsible for the smaller reaction barriers. We shed light on this dispute by computing full interaction quantum atom (IQA) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analyses over complete intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) paths for the Diels–Alder reaction of tropone and its umpolung derivatives, using the same systems studied by Karas et al. and Tiekink et al. Our results confirm that the asynchronicity is indeed very high for those reactions with smaller reaction barriers and offer an atom‐by‐atom and bond‐by‐bond analysis of the entire IRC pathways. Even though asynchronicity and lower reactions barriers seem to be related, antiaromaticity and lower barriers are related as well, but discussing both these interpretations does not necessarily require arguments on HOMO/LUMO energies to be invoked.
Design, synthesis, and properties of olefin‐linked covalent organic frameworks modified by heck coupling reaction
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Mingyan , Du Jiawei , Wang Jian , Song Yinlin , She Yuanbin , Jia Jianhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with olefin linkages are attractive materials for nonlinear optics due to their small energy band gap and large π‐electron separation domain. In this paper, a post‐synthetic modification (PSM) by applying a heck coupling reaction on olefin‐linked COFs was applied for the first time to obtain five functionalized triazine‐based covalent organic framework materials. The synthesized materials were tested for their relevant photophysical and electrochemical properties, and their third‐order nonlinear optical properties were tested using the Z‐scan technique. The experimental results indicate that the post‐modified COF (W4‐2) exhibits third‐order nonlinear polarizability χ3 that is 1.51 times higher than the unmodified COF (W4).
Effect of novel furan‐based ester reactive diluent on structure and properties of UV‐crosslinked acrylated rapeseed oil
Authors: Briede Sabine , Platnieks Oskars , Darzina Madara , Jirgensons Aigars , Gaidukovs Sergejs 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnsaturated furan‐based ester (UES) was prepared by green electrosynthesis using a single‐cell setup and inexpensive graphite electrodes. The UES was validated as a reactive diluent for a bio‐based acrylated rapeseed oil (ARO). UV‐light photopolymerization of the bio‐based resin was initiated using a diphenyl (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) radical photoinitiator. The addition of 20 wt% UES to ARO dropped the resin viscosity by 1.6‐fold. Incorporating 5 wt% UES into the ARO resin increased crosslinking density νe from 1.07 to 1.65 mol/m3. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra revealed that ARO has been grafted with UES. The UES functional moieties promote the formation of soft mobile dangling chain end segments in the developed macromolecular network. UV‐cured thermoset polymer reveals distinct morphologies in SEM micrographs, indicating notable structural changes with the addition of UES. A total of 5 wt% UES increased tensile strength from 0.49 to 0.55 MPa and storage modulus from 7.9 to 12.0 MPa at room temperature (22 ± 1 °C). The biodegradability in composting conditions was investigated, and up to 28% of the initial mass was lost after 60 days. UES was shown as to be efficient reactive diluent that can successfully replace fossil‐based acrylate monomers in vegetable oil‐based thermoset polymer synthesis.