bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis is not associated to future diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Lundberg Båve Aiva , Olén Ola , Söderling Jonas ,   SWIBREG study Group, Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Bergquist Annika , Nordenvall Caroline 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a hepatobiliary disease closely related to ulcerative colitis (UC). In PSC patients, colectomy has been linked to improved prognosis, especially following liver transplantation. This suggests an involvement of the gut‐liver axis in PSC etiology.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between colectomy and the risk of future PSC in an epidemiological setting.MethodThrough nationwide registers, we identified all adults diagnosed with UC in Sweden 1990–2018 and retrieved information on PSC diagnosis and colectomy. Within the UC cohort (n = 61,993 patients), we matched 5577 patients with colectomy to 15,078 without colectomy. Matching criteria were sex, age at UC onset (±5 years), year of UC onset (±3 years), and proctitis at the time of colectomy. Incidence rates of PSC per 1000‐person year were calculated, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for PSC until 31 December 2019.ResultsDuring the follow‐up, 190 (3.4%) colectomized UC patients and 450 (3.0%) UC comparators developed PSC, yielding incidence rates of 2.6 and 2.4 per 1000 person‐years (HR 1.07 [95% CI 0.90–1.28]). The cumulative incidence of colectomy decreased remarkably over calendar periods, but the cumulative incidence of PSC remained unchanged. The risk of developing PSC in colectomized versus comparators changed over time (HR 0.68 [95% CI; 0.48–0.96] in 1990‐97 and HR 2.10 [95% CI; 1.37–3.24] in 2011‐18).ConclusionsIn UC patients, colectomy was not associated with a decreased risk of subsequent PSC. The observed differences in the risk of PSC development over calendar periods are likely due to changes in PSC‐diagnosis and UC‐treatment.
Legal geographies of water
Authors: Vineyard Noel , Berry Kate , Ormerod Kerri Jean 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLegal geography seeks to understand the complex interactions between people, law, and space. It exists as an interdisciplinary endeavor, incorporating intellectual threads from critical legal studies, political geography, sociology, and related work. The purpose of this focus article is to introduce legal geography to water scholars as practical means to study law and space to human–water relationships (i.e., hydrosocial relations). We start by tracing a history of legal geography's development as a field and highlight important works in legal geography past and present. We then focus on ways legal geography has been utilized to explore four broad topics within the scope of human water: rights to water, water governance, water as imagined and represented, and value of water. We conclude that legal geography frameworks applied to water research may be useful for furthering the understanding of many of the issues important to WIRES Water readers.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Sliding mesh simulations of a wind turbine rotor with actuator line lattice‐Boltzmann method
Authors: Ribeiro André F. P. , Muscari Claudia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSimulating entire wind farms with an actuator line model requires significant computational effort, especially if one is interested in wake dynamics and wants to resolve the tip vortices. A need to explore unconventional approaches for this kind of simulation emerges. In this work, the actuator line method is implemented within a lattice‐Boltzmann flow solver, combined with a sliding mesh approach. Lattice‐Boltzmann solvers have advantages in terms of performance and low dissipation, while the sliding mesh allows for local refinement of the blade and tip vortices. This methodology is validated on a well‐documented case, the NREL Phase VI rotor, and the local refinement is demonstrated on the NREL 5 MW rotor. Results show good agreement with reference Navier–Stokes simulations. Advantages and limitations of the sliding mesh approach are identified.
Concluding Reflections
Authors: Molendijk Tine , Kramer Eric-Hans 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter draws together the contributions of this book, which reflected on violence in extreme conditions and on related ethical issues at the micro, meso and macro levels. Whilst violence often leaves us speechless, we do speak about it. And for the same reasons that we are repelled by violence, we are fascinated by it. Violence is senseless and meaningful at the same time. Naming different manifestations of violence (physical, psychological, structural and symbolic) as violence is important to understand parallels in their dynamics and impact. Doing so can counterintuitively help to protect the concept of violence from an all-encompassing inflation. It allows us to better define the specific mechanisms of violence and the specific ethical challenges that come with it.
Asymptotics of Impulse Control Problem with Multiplicative Reward
Authors: Jelito Damian , Stettner Łukasz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a long-run impulse control problem for a generic Markov process with a multiplicative reward functional. We construct a solution to the associated Bellman equation and provide a verification result. The argument is based on the probabilistic properties of the underlying process combined with the Krein-Rutman theorem applied to the specific non-linear operator. Also, it utilises the approximation of the problem in the bounded domain and with the help of the dyadic time-grid.
RE-MIND2: comparative effectiveness of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide versus polatuzumab vedotin/bendamustine/rituximab (pola-BR), CAR-T therapies, and lenalidomide/rituximab (R2) based on real-world data in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Yoon Dok Hyun , Mondello Patrizia , Joffe Erel , Peters Anthea , Fleury Isabelle , Greil Richard , Ku Matthew , Marks Reinhard , Kim Kibum , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Trotman Judith , Sabatelli Lorenzo , Waltl Eva E. , Winderlich Mark , Sporchia Andrea , Kurukulasuriya Nuwan C. , Cordoba Raul , Hess Georg , Salles Gilles 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
RE-MIND2 (NCT04697160) compared patient outcomes from the L-MIND (NCT02399085) trial of tafasitamab+lenalidomide with those of patients treated with other therapies for relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are autologous stem cell transplant ineligible. We present outcomes data for three pre-specified treatments not assessed in the primary analysis.
Data were retrospectively collected from sites in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Patients were aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed DLBCL and received ≥2 systemic therapies for DLBCL (including ≥1 anti-CD20 therapy). Patients enrolled in the observational and L-MIND cohorts were matched using propensity score-based 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, balanced for six covariates. Tafasitamab+lenalidomide was compared with polatuzumab vedotin+bendamustine+rituximab (pola-BR), rituximab+lenalidomide (R2), and CD19-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included treatment response and progression-free survival.
From 200 sites, 3,454 patients were enrolled in the observational cohort. Strictly matched patient pairs consisted of tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (n = 24 pairs), versus R2 (n = 33 pairs), and versus CAR-T therapies (n = 37 pairs). A significant OS benefit was observed with tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (HR: 0.441; p = 0.034) and R2 (HR: 0.435; p = 0.012). Comparable OS was observed in tafasitamab+lenalidomide and CAR-T cohorts (HR: 0.953, p = 0.892).
Tafasitamab+lenalidomide appeared to improve survival outcomes versus pola-BR and R2, and comparable outcomes were observed versus CAR-T. Although based on limited patient numbers, these data may help to contextualize emerging therapies for R/R DLBCL.

Clinical trial registration
NCT04697160 (January 6, 2021)
Digital teaching and assessment of psychomotor skills of the clinical head and neck examination during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lüdke Theresa , Polk Marie-Luise , Günther Susanne , Kluge Anne , Zahnert Thomas , Neudert Marcus 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
During COVID-19, a fully digital course was established for teaching and assessing the psychomotor skills of clinical head and neck examination. Influence of different digital teaching formats was investigated.

Methods
The students (n = 286) received disposable instruments, a manual, and instructional videos for the examination. 221 students additionally received 45 min of interactive teleteaching. After 5 days of practice, all students were required to submit a video of their examination and report their spent practice time. The assessment was carried out using a checklist which was already established in presence teaching.

Results
The average score achieved by digital teaching was 86%. Previously published data show that presence teaching achieved 94%. With a teleteaching unit the total score was significantly better than without (87% vs 83%). Teleteaching leads to a significant positive correlation between practice time and total score. Without teleteaching there is a negative correlation. After the same practice time, presence teaching leads to better total scores than digital teaching.

Conclusion
Digital teaching and assessing of a complex psychomotor skill is possible. Interactive teaching methods increase learning success. Nevertheless, presence teaching seems to be better at teaching these skills. The results can provide a basis for developing hybrid teaching models.
Oxathiazinane derivatives display both antineoplastic and antibacterial activity: a structure activity study
Authors: Majchrzak-Stiller B. , Buchholz M. , Peters I. , Strotmann J. , Möhrke J. , Zelichowski L. , Oehlke L. , Quensel C. , Fein D. , Höhn P. , Müller T. , Uhl W. , Braumann C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Oxathiazinane substance class is characterized by a high diversity of chemical structures yet to be fully investigated. Our research group recently proved that the 1.4.5-oxathiazine-4.4-dioxide, known as substance GP-2250, possesses antineoplastic properties as shown on pancreatic carcinoma. This current study aims to gain insights into the structure and activity relationship of a series of different Oxathiazinanes regarding their antineoplastic activity and the potential correlation with antibacterial activity. We investigated the newly synthesized Oxathiazinane derivatives: 2255, 2256, 2287, 2289, 2293 and 2296 in comparison to GP-2250.

Methods
The antineoplastic effect was evaluated in different cancer entities (breast, skin, pancreas and colon cancer cell lines) by viability, proliferation, and cell migration assays in vitro. Disc diffusion tests were performed on various bacteria strains to examine the antibacterial potential. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were conducted to investigate mechanistic aspects.

Results
The substances GP-2250, 2293, 2289 and 2296 not only showed antineoplastic activity in four different cancer entities but also antibacterial effects, as tested on multiple bacteria strains including MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, these substances also induced high ROS levels up to 110% in the treated cancer cell lines compared to untreated control cells. These results indicate a correlation between an antineoplastic capacity and antibacterial properties of these derivatives. Both activities appear to be ROS driven. The Oxathiazinane derivatives 2255, 2256 and 2287 lacked both, antineoplastic and antibacterial activity.

Conclusion
Thus, a comparable structure activity relationship became apparent for both the antineoplastic and antibacterial activity.
Comparison of the biological properties between 3D-printed and decellularized tracheal grafts
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Jianfeng , Qian Jun , Sun Yunhao , Xu Jianning , Sun Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study sought to characterize the differences between the 3D-printed and decellularized tracheal grafts, providing the basis for the synthesis of the more reasonable and effective tissue-engineered trachea. We compared the biomechanical properties and biocompatibility of the 3D-printed tracheal graft and decellularized tracheal graft in vitro and evaluated the biocompatibility, immune rejection and inflammation of the two materials through in vivo implantation experiments. Compared with the decellularized tracheal graft, the 3D-printed tracheal graft was associated with obviously higher biomechanical properties. The results demonstrated enhanced growth of BMSCs in the decellularized tracheal graft compared to the 3D-printed one when co-culture with two tracheal graft groups. Moreover, the CCK-8 assay demonstrated significant cell proliferation on the decellularized tracheal graft. Serum IgG and IgM measured in vivo by implantation testing indicated that the 3D-Printed tracheal graft exhibited the most significant inflammatory response. HE staining indicated that the inflammatory response in the 3D-printed tracheal graft consisted mainly of eosinophils, while little inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in the decellularized tracheal graft. CD68 immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the infiltration of macrophages was not significant in both tracheal grafts. Our findings suggest that the biomechanical properties of the 3D-printed tracheal grafts are better than the decellularized tracheal grafts. Nonetheless, the decellularized tracheal graft exhibited better biocompatibility than the 3D-printed tracheal graft.
Operator-norm resolvent estimates for thin elastic periodically heterogeneous rods in moderate contrast
Authors: Cherednichenko Kirill , Velčić Igor , Žubrinić Josip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe provide resolvent asymptotics as well as various operator-norm estimates for the system of linear partial differential equations describing thin infinite elastic rods with material coefficients that rapidly oscillate along the rod. The resolvent asymptotics is derived simultaneously with respect to the rod thickness and the period of material oscillations, which are taken to be of the same order. The analysis is carried out separately on two invariant subspaces pertaining to the out-of-line and in-line displacements, under the assumption on material symmetries as well as in the general case when these two types of displacements are intertwined.
Almost minimizers for a sublinear system with free boundary
Authors: De Silva Daniela , Jeon Seongmin , Shahgholian Henrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study vector-valued almost minimizers of the energy functional $$\begin{aligned} \int _D\left( |\nabla \textbf{u}|^2+\frac{2}{1+q}\left( \lambda _+(x)|\textbf{u}^+|^{q+1}+\lambda _-(x)|\textbf{u}^-|^{q+1}\right) \right) dx,\quad 0<q<1. \end{aligned}$$

∫
D

|
∇
u
|

2

+

2

1
+
q

λ
+

(
x
)

|

u
+

|

q
+
1

+

λ
-

(
x
)

|

u
-

|

q
+
1

d
x
,

0
<
q
<
1
.

For Hölder continuous coefficients $$\lambda _\pm (x)>0$$

λ
±

(
x
)

>
0

, we take the epiperimetric inequality approach and prove the regularity for both almost minimizers and the set of “regular" free boundary points.
No effects of COVID-19 on the development of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity and no evidence of an increased frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients relative to healthy subjects
Authors: Tiberti Claudio , Nenna Raffaella , Tromba Valeria , Filardi Tiziana , Petrarca Laura , Silvestri Francesca , Fassino Valeria , Montuori Monica , Mancino Enrica , Lenzi Andrea , Midulla Fabio , Costantino Francesco , Morano Susanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aims
To evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies frequency at diagnosis of T1D during pandemic.

Methods
The presence of T1D-specific autoimmunity was evaluated in a cohort of 99 children and adolescents without diabetes that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the frequency of IgM- and IgG-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was evaluated in 41 newly diagnosed T1D patients not yet vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 disease, collected during the pandemic, compared to healthy subjects (CTRL).

Results
None of the 99 patients that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic period was found positive for T1D autoantibodies. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was not significantly different in patients newly diagnosed with T1D (12.2%), compared with CTRL (8.4%). Among SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive T1D patients, 80% were target of diabetes autoantibodies and 60% had another concomitant autoimmune disease. Among the CTRL subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2Abs (n = 10), none was found positive for T1D autoantibodies.

Conclusions
The results of the present study do not confirm, at least in the short term, a role of COVID-19 as a potential trigger of T1D autoimmunity and do not provide evidence of an increased frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients in comparison with healthy population.
Assessing the quality of the anaerobic environment — a method developed to support EUCAST disk diffusion of anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Justesen Ulrik Stenz , Åhman Jenny , Matuschek Erika , Kahlmeter Gunnar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to establish a method for assessing the anaerobic environment for EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of anaerobic bacteria on fastidious anaerobe agar with 5% mechanically defibrinated horse blood (FAA-HB). The method utilizes the association between a decrease in the metronidazole disk zone diameter and increasing oxygen levels with an aerotolerant Clostridium perfringens strain DSM 25589 (CCUG 75076 and NCTC 14679). The C. perfringens strain was tested on FAA-HB with a McFarland 1 inoculum and a metronidazole 5 μg disk. FAA-HB was incubated for 16–20 h at 35–37°C. The association between oxygen levels (0, 0.16, 1, 2, and 4% oxygen) and the metronidazole zone diameter was determined. Reproducibility at 0% oxygen was investigated as part of a European multi-centre study of disk diffusion of anaerobic bacteria. The median zone diameters (n=12) at each oxygen level were 29 mm (0%), 21 mm (0.16%), 16 mm (1%), 15 mm (2%), and 15 mm (4%). The metronidazole zone diameters at 0% oxygen from the multi-centre reproducibility-study had a median of 29 mm and a 95%-percentile range of 25–33 mm (n=236). Only one reading was below 25 mm. Based on our results, a zone diameter of ≥25 mm using a metronidazole 5 μg disk and the C. perfringens strain, tested with EUCAST recommendations, can be used to indicate that the anaerobic environment is of sufficient quality for culture and disk diffusion AST. EUCAST has included the method as part of the quality control for AST of anaerobic bacteria.
A continuum mechanical porous media model for vertebroplasty: Numerical simulations and experimental validation
Authors: Trivedi Zubin , Gehweiler Dominic , Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Ricken Tim , Gueorguiev Boyko , Wagner Arndt , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe outcome of vertebroplasty is hard to predict due to its dependence on complex factors like bone cement and marrow rheologies. Cement leakage could occur if the procedure is done incorrectly, potentially causing adverse complications. A reliable simulation could predict the patient-specific outcome preoperatively and avoid the risk of cement leakage. Therefore, the aim of this work was to introduce a computationally feasible and experimentally validated model for simulating vertebroplasty. The developed model is a multiphase continuum-mechanical macro-scale model based on the Theory of Porous Media. The related governing equations were discretized using a combined finite element–finite volume approach by the so-called Box discretization. Three different rheological upscaling methods were used to compare and determine the most suitable approach for this application. For validation, a benchmark experiment was set up and simulated using the model. The influence of bone marrow and parameters like permeability, porosity, etc., was investigated to study the effect of varying conditions on vertebroplasty. The presented model could realistically simulate the injection of bone cement in porous materials when used with the correct rheological upscaling models, of which the semi-analytical averaging of the viscosity gave the best results. The marrow viscosity is identified as the crucial reference to categorize bone cements as ‘high- ’or ‘low-’ viscosity in the context of vertebroplasty. It is confirmed that a cement with higher viscosity than the marrow ensures stable development of the injection and a proper cement interdigitation inside the vertebra.
Lifelong exercise training promotes the remodelling of the immune system and prostate signalome in a rat model of prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Nascimento-Gonçalves Elisabete , Seixas Fernanda , Palmeira Carlos , Martins Gabriela , Fonseca Carolina , Duarte José Alberto , Faustino-Rocha Ana I. , Colaço Bruno , Pires Maria João , Neuparth Maria João , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Fardilha Margarida , Henriques Magda C. , Patrício Daniela , Pelech Steven , Ferreira Rita , Oliveira Paula A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work aimed to understand how lifelong exercise training promotes the remodelling of the immune system and prostate signalome in a rat model of PCa. Fifty-five male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary, control exercised, induced PCa sedentary and induced PCa exercised. Exercised animals were trained in a treadmill for 53 weeks. Pca induction consisted on the sequential administration of flutamide, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and testosterone propionate implants. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) were not different among groups. Peripheral levels of γδ T cells were higher in Pca exercised group than in the PCa sedentary group (p < 0.05). Exercise training also induced Oestrogen Receptor (ESR1) upregulation and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 13 (MAPK13) downregulation, changed the content of the phosphorylated (at Ser-104) form of this receptor (coded by the gene ESR1) and seemed to increase Erα phosphorylation and activity in exercised PCa rats when compared with sedentary PCa rats. Our data highlight the exercise-induced remodelling of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocyte infiltration in prostate tissue. Moreover, exercise training promotes the remodelling prostate signalome in this rat model of prostate carcinogenesis.