bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of bedrock fractures and glacial erosion in defining the present‐day land surface topography in mesoscopically isotropic crystalline rocks
Authors: Skyttä Pietari , Nordbäck Nicklas , Ojala Antti , Putkinen Niko , Aaltonen Ismo , Engström Jon , Mattila Jussi , Ovaskainen Nikolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the effect of fractures within crystalline bedrock on glacial erosion processes in fast flowing hard bed glacier environments. In particular, we examine (i) whether the fracture type is critical for the capability of a glacier to erode the bedrock through quarrying/plucking processes and (ii) whether we can recognize specific fracture‐controlled erosion signatures from bedrock surface morphologies. We conducted an investigation within the northern part of the Åland Islands, southern Finland, where the ice‐flow direction (N–S) has remained constant through Late Pleistocene glaciations and where the bedrock is characterized by a lack of any mesoscopic anisotropies (such as foliation) and hence provides an optimal target to recognize the relationships between fractures and erosional morphologies. We characterized the fracture systems within the bedrock using both UAV‐acquired orthophotographs and standard field approaches and extrapolated the results to larger scales using LiDAR‐based digital elevation models. Our findings indicate that individual joints or shear fractures are associated with the development of minor vertical breaks along the bedrock surface. However, they do not provide sufficient mechanical weakness zones in the bedrock to allow effective glacial quarrying, even though their lengths can be relatively large (>50 m). By contrast, the linkage of several parallel shear fractures or the presence of larger faults with gouge‐bearing cores and well‐developed damage zones leads to localized disintegration of the rock material and the subsequent development of distinct topographic depressions along the bedrock surface. Consequently, the results allow predictions to be made about the bedrock features underlying the observed topographic signatures along the bedrock surface. Applied to the area of this investigation, abrasion associated with N–S‐directed glacial flows is responsible for the N–S‐oriented elongate but smooth fjord‐like megagrooves, whereas the more abrupt topographic breaks were generated by quarrying controlled by sub‐vertical, E–W‐trending zones of localized brittle deformation.
Rock–water interaction, chemical weathering and solute transport of two rivers draining contrasting climate gradients in Western Ghats, India
Authors: Raj Vipin T. , J.A Gayathri , M Vandana , K Sreelash , K Maya , D Padmalal , K Sajan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRock–water interactions and chemical weathering are critical factors that determine the quality and quantity of solute transport in river catchments. However, most studies in this field have been limited to temperate regions and data from the tropics and subtropics are scarce, particularly for small rivers that are more responsive to environmental and climate changes. In this study, we investigated chemical weathering, its causal mechanisms and controlling factors that determine changes in the quality and quantity of solutes in two small, tropical mountainous rivers‐the west‐flowing Thuthapuzha river and the east‐flowing Bhavani river‐that drain through contrasting climate and geologic gradients across the southern part of the Western Ghats, in India. This region is an elevated passive continental margin and an ecologically sensitive area. Hydrochemical analysis of river water revealed that the cationic and anionic concentrations in the samples are in descending order of importance Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42−. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that geogenic factors (geology, chemical weathering and leaching/erosion) have a significant role in determining the hydrochemical characteristics of the rivers. To discriminate the relative contributions of silicate weathering in the river basins, we performed a detailed analysis of the major ion ratios along with forward and inverse modelling. The weathering index computed from the molecular ratio of cations and silica concentrations suggested that silicate weathering leads to kaolinite formation in the soil profile. The carbon dioxide consumption rate (CCR) estimated for the Thuthapuzha river, which is draining the humid western flank of the Western Ghats, was 2.18 × 105 mol·km−2 year−1, whereas the Upper Bhavani river, which is draining the semi‐arid area of the Western Ghats was 1.39 × 105 mol·km−2 year−1. Our study highlights the interplay of climatic factors and the geologic characteristics of the terrain that significantly influence the nature and characteristics of solute transport through the rivers in the study area.
Chemical Mixtures and Multiple Stressors: Same but Different?
Authors: Schäfer Ralf B. , Jackson Michelle , Juvigny-Khenafou Noel , Osakpolor Stephen E. , Posthuma Leo , Schneeweiss Anke , Spaak Jürg , Vinebrooke Rolf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ecosystems are strongly influenced by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including a wide range of chemicals and their mixtures. Studies on the effects of multiple stressors have largely focussed on nonchemical stressors, whereas studies on chemical mixtures have largely ignored other stressors. However, both research areas face similar challenges and require similar tools and methods to predict the joint effects of chemicals or nonchemical stressors, and frameworks to integrate multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors are missing. We provide an overview of the research paradigms, tools, and methods commonly used in multiple stressor and chemical mixture research and discuss potential domains of cross-fertilization and joint challenges. First, we compare the general paradigms of ecotoxicology and (applied) ecology to explain the historical divide. Subsequently, we compare methods and approaches for the identification of interactions, stressor characterization, and designing experiments. We suggest that both multiple stressor and chemical mixture research are too focused on interactions and would benefit from integration regarding null model selection. Stressor characterization is typically more costly for chemical mixtures. While for chemical mixtures comprehensive classification systems at suborganismal level have been developed, recent classification systems for multiple stressors account for environmental context. Both research areas suffer from rather simplified experimental designs that focus on only a limited number of stressors, chemicals, and treatments. We discuss concepts that can guide more realistic designs capturing spatiotemporal stressor dynamics. We suggest that process-based and data-driven models are particularly promising to tackle the challenge of prediction of effects of chemical mixtures and nonchemical stressors on (meta-)communities and (meta-)food webs. We propose a framework to integrate the assessment of effects for multiple stressors and chemical mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1915–1936. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Comparison of Established and Novel Insecticides on Survival and Reproduction of Folsomia candida
Authors: Martin William J. , Sibley Paul K. , Prosser Ryan S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Neonicotinoids have been among the most widely and abundantly used insecticides for most of the current century. The effects of these substances on nontarget terrestrial and aquatic organisms have resulted in a significant decrease in their use in many parts of the world. In response, the application of several novel classes of insecticides including diamides, ketoenols, pyridines, and butenolides has significantly increased. The hexapod subclass Collembola is an ecologically significant and widely distributed group of soil invertebrates often found in leaf litter and in surficial soils. We exposed the parthenogenic collembolan species Folsomia candida to six insecticides in a sandy loam soil for 28 days, including two neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam and clothianidin), a diamide (cyantraniliprole), a ketoenol (spirotetramat), a pyridine (flonicamid), and a butanolide (flupyradifurone) to assess the effect of each insecticide on survival and reproduction. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and cyantraniliprole (median effective concentration [EC50] values for reproduction: 0.19, 0.38, and 0.49 mg/kg soil, respectively) had a greater effect on survival and reproduction of F. candida than flupyradifurone, spirotetramat, and flonicamid (EC50 values for reproduction: 0.73, &gt;3.08, and 5.20 mg/kg soil, respectively). All significant impacts found in our study were observed at concentrations below concentrations of the active ingredients that would be expected in agricultural soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1516–1528. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal nanoclusters for tailoring catalytic properties
Authors: Li Ya‐Hui , Zhao Shu‐Na , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe unclear structures and polydispersity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) seriously hamper the identification of the active sites and the construction of structure‐reactivity relationships. Fortunately, ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures and monodispersity have become an ideal candidate for understanding the well‐defined correlations between structure and catalytic property at an atomic level. The programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal NCs provide a fantastic chance to modulate their size, shape, atomic arrangement, and electron state by the precise modulating of the number, type, and location of metal atoms. Thus, the special focus of this review highlights the most recent process in tailoring the catalytic activity and selectivity over metal NCs by precisely controlling their kernel structures. This review is expected to shed light on the in‐depth understanding of metal NCs’ kernel structures and reactivity relationships.
A chemometric approach based on a full factorial design to optimize terpene acylation using natural kaolin as eco‐friendly catalyst
Authors: Boukachabia Mourad , Bendjeffal Hacene , Khelassi Mounia Merabet , Riant Olivier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA statistical approach was successfully applied to optimize the acylation of l‐menthol 1 in the presence of natural kaolin as an eco‐compatible catalyst. The influence of the main variation of the operating parameters, namely solvent volume, amount of the acyl donor, temperature and the catalytic rate of kaolin, was studied. A full factorial design (FFD) was used to search for the optimum of each parameter affecting the evolution of l‐menthol 1 acylation. A quadratic polynomial regression model was applied to analyse the experimental data with a p‐confidence level <.05 (95%). Statistical analysis of the data confirmed that temperature (T), acyl donor/acceptor ratio (Qa), kaolin mass (Qc) and solvent volume (V) were the significant factors affecting the l‐menthol catalytic acylation process. The determination coefficient of the adopted model was in the order of 98%. A set of optimal reaction conditions was established, and experimental tests were performed to validate the optimal conditions; the threshold of 100% was reached. Monitoring the kinetic profile of the reaction by gas chromatography (GC) showed complete conversion after 30 min of reaction. An upgrade of this developed environmentally benign process was applied to some monoterpenic alcohols, and the corresponding acetates were yielding at 45%–90%.
A database of detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes for the Middle East (Iranian and Arabian plates)
Authors: Sun Gaoyuan , Chen Jianuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe detrital zircon records significant information in the ‘source‐sink’ system. With the application of in situ laser ablation technology, a large number of high‐quality detrital zircon data have been published since 2000. In this study, a total of 41,342 detrital zircon U–Pb ages and 6,129 Hf isotopes were compiled from the published literatures of the Middle East (Iranian and Arabian plates). Through data filtering and recalculation, valid data were employed for further analysis. The detrital zircons from the Middle East show a Cambrian–Precambrian age population of 500–1,000 Ma, with a major age peak of ~620 Ma and dispersed εHf(t) values of −35 to +20. The Alborz Mountains and central Iran terrane show a Permo–Triassic age range of 200–300 Ma. The Mesozoic–Cenozoic detrital zircons are mostly occurred in the Zagros orogenic belt and Makran accretionary complex, with three obvious age ranges of 145–180 Ma, 80–110 Ma and 15–65 Ma. The Mesozoic zircons yield positive εHf(t) values, while Cenozoic zircons have varied εHf(t) values. This database allows for the further exploration of the provenance analysis and application in constraining the timing of the major tectonic events in the Middle East, and may also help to explore the affinities of plates, thus guiding future palaeogeographic research efforts.
High‐rate sodium‐ion storage of vanadium nitride via surface‐redox pseudocapacitance
Authors: Wei Qiulong , Huang Tingyi , Huang Xiaojuan , Wang Binhao , Jiang Yalong , Tang Dafu , Peng Dong‐Liang , Dunn Bruce , Mai Liqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVanadium nitride (VN) electrode displays high‐rate, pseudocapacitive responses in aqueous electrolytes, however, it remains largely unclear in nonaqueous, Na+‐based electrolytes. The traditional view supposes a conversion‐type mechanism for Na+ storage in VN anodes but does not explain the phenomena of their size‐dependent specific capacities and underlying causes of pseudocapacitive charge storage behaviors. Herein, we insightfully reveal the VN anode exhibits a surface‐redox pseudocapacitive mechanism in nonaqueous, Na+‐based electrolytes, as demonstrated by kinetics analysis, experimental observations, and first‐principles calculations. Through ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and semiquantitative analyses, the Na+ storage is characterized by redox reactions occurring with the V5+/V4+ to V3+ at the surface of VN particles, which is different from the well‐known conversion reaction mechanism. The pseudocapacitive performance is enhanced through nanoarchitecture design via oxidized vanadium states at the surface. The optimized VN‐10 nm anode delivers a sodium‐ion storage capability of 106 mAh g−1 at the high specific current of 20 A g−1, and excellent cycling performance of 5000 cycles with negligible capacity losses. This work demonstrates the emerging opportunities of utilizing pseudocapacitive charge storage for realizing high‐rate sodium‐ion storage applications.
Development and application of a thin‐film molecularly imprinted polymer for the measurement of mycophenolic acid in human plasma
Authors: Langille Evan , Bottaro Christina S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMycophenolic acid (MPA) is used to suppress the immune response following organ transplantation; however, complex pharmacokinetic behavior and a large interpersonal variability necessitate therapeutic drug monitoring. To overcome the limitations of current sample preparation techniques, we present a novel thin‐film molecularly imprinted polymer (TF‐MIP) extraction device as part of a simple, sensitive, and fast method for analysis of MPA from human plasma.MethodsMycophenolic acid is extracted from plasma using a tailor‐made TF‐MIP that is subsequently desorbed into an organic solvent system compatible with mass spectrometry. The MIP yielded higher recovery of MPA relative to a corresponding non‐imprinted polymer. The method allows for the determination of MPA in 45 min including analysis time and can be scaled for high throughput to process as many as 96 samples per hour.ResultsThe method gave an LOD of 0.3 ng mL−1 and was linear from 5 to 250 ng mL−1. Patient plasma samples (35 μL) were diluted using charcoal‐stripped pooled plasma to a final extraction volume of 700 μL; when MPA in patient plasma is high, this ratio can easily be adjusted to ensure samples are within the method linear range. Intra‐ and inter‐day variability were 13.8% and 4.3% (at 15 ng mL−1) and 13.5% and 11.0% (at 85 ng mL−1), respectively (n = 3); inter‐device variability was 9.6% (n = 10).ConclusionsLow inter‐device variability makes these devices suitable for single use in a clinical setting, and the fast and robust method is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring, where throughput and time‐to‐result are critical.
Tracking the disulfide rearrangement of heated lactoglobulin by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐in‐source decay top‐down analysis
Authors: Wei Xiaoyun , Luo Peiqi , Zhan Lingpeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisulfide bond rearrangement is a common occurrence during protein analysis or treatment. A convenient and rapid method has been developed to investigate heat‐induced disulfide rearrangement of lactoglobulin using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐in‐source decay (MALDI‐ISD) technology. By analyzing heated lactoglobulin in reflectron and linear mode, we demonstrated that cysteines C66 and C160 exist as free residues other than linked ones in some protein isomers. This method provides a straightforward and expeditious way to assess the cysteine status and structural changes of proteins under heat stress.
Identification of immunological bioprocesses involved in peri‐implantitis using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Chen Liang‐Wen , Jin Su‐Han , Lu Qian , Zhou Jian‐Guo , Liu Jian‐Guo , Guan Xiao‐Yan , Xia Hai‐Bin , He Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implantitis is an irreversible infectious disease that occurs with high incidence. Exploring the immune responses of peri‐implantitis is key to developing targeted treatment strategies. However, there is limited research on the immune response of peri‐implantitis.MethodsThis study performed a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis to identify the peri‐implantitis related gene network and conducted a functional enrichment analysis of the gene network. Thereafter, the candidate hub genes were selected by constructing a protein‐protein interaction network and drawing an upset plot. The hub genes were identified through their significant associations with disease condition and validated using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Using the gene set variation analysis, the hub genes were further used to explore infiltrating immunocytes and immune factors in peri‐implantitis. Finally, the immunocytes and immune factor related hub genes were intersected to obtain the therapeutic target, which was validated using histological staining.ResultsThe peri‐implantitis related gene network was enriched in innate and adaptive immune response. Subsequently, interleukin (IL)1B, IL10, ITGAM, ITGB1, STAT3, and TLR4 were identified as hub genes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, natural killer T cells, and immature B cells were positively and significantly related to the hub genes IL1B, TLR4, ITGAM, and ITGB1 (correlation coefficient > 0.80). While immune factors CXCL10, IL6, and CXCL12 and hub genes IL10 and IL1B held the highest degree in the immune factors network. IL1B may be a promising therapeutic target.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the hub genes, immunocytes, and immune factors underlying peri‐implantitis immunological bioprocess.
Does non‐metastatic gastric cancer of the cardia warrant a different treatment strategy?
Authors: Ajay Pranay S. , NeMoyer Rachel , Goyal Subir , Switchenko Jeffery M. , Lin Yong , Jabbour Salma K. , Carpizo Darren R. , Paulos Chrystal M. , Kennedy Timothy J. , Shah Mihir M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultimodal treatment strategies with surgery as its centerpiece have been accepted as the standard of care in nonmetastatic cardia gastric cancer (CGC). There remains a lack of consensus regarding the optimal multimodal treatment strategy.MethodWe queried National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016 to identify patients with resected nonmetastatic CGC who received perioperative chemotherapy (PEC), postoperative chemoradiation therapy (POCR), or postoperative chemotherapy (POC). A subgroup analysis was performed in optimally treated patients defined as initial chemotherapy within 45 days of diagnosis, resection within 45 days of diagnosis, negative margins, adjuvant chemotherapy within 90 days of resection, and standard radiation dose (45 Gy). Kaplan–Meier, Univariate analysis (UVA), and Multivariable analysis (MVA) were performed.ResultsWe identified 2387 patients. Median survival was 38.8 months in the PEC group, 36 months in the POCR group, and 32.3 months in the POC group (p = 0.1025). On UVA, patients treated with PEC had an association with improved survival (HR, 0.83; p = 0.037) when compared with POC. On MVA, no significant difference was noted in overall survival (OS) between PEC, POCR, and POC, similar to subgroup analysis of optimally treated cohort.ConclusionOS rate in nonmetastatic CGC is not significantly different between patients receiving PEC, POCR, or POC.
A propensity score–matched analysis of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy versus surgery alone for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kexi , Liang Yicheng , Huang Jing , Xie Xuan , Wu Duoguang , Chen Baishen , Wang Kefeng , Shen Zhuojian , Li Yuquan , Wang Wenjian , Hu Xueting , Wang Minghui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and oncologic outcomes of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (NICT) group and surgery alone group in the treatment of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsA series of 232 consecutive patients who underwent surgery with or without NICT from June 2019 to August 2022 were evaluated. We performed propensity score matching between the NICT and surgery alone groups on the basis of estimated propensity scores for each patient.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, data of 137 patients with clinical stages II–IV ESCC, including 85 receiving surgery alone and 52 receiving NICT, were analyzed. Compared with the surgery alone group (301.7 ± 94.4 min), the operation time was significantly longer in the NICT group (333.4 ± 79.7 min). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative complications, intraoperative blood loss, thoracic fluid volume, chest tube duration, lengths of intensive care unit stay and postoperative hospitalization. Additionally, 90‐day mortality rate and 30‐day readmission were similar in both groups.ConclusionsOverall, NICT followed by esophagectomy appears to be safe and feasible for locally advanced ESCC. However, further multicenter prospective clinical trials are needed to validate our results.