bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent component analysis: a reliable alternative to general linear model for task-based fMRI
Authors: Gkiatis Kostakis , Garganis Kyriakos , Karanasiou Irene , Chatzisotiriou Athanasios , Zountsas Basilios , Kondylidis Nikolaos , Matsopoulos George K. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable tool for the presurgical evaluation of patients undergoing neurosurgeries. Although many pre-processing steps have been modified according to advances in recent years, statistical analysis has remained largely the same since the first days of fMRI. In this study, we examined the ability of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to separate the activation of a language task in fMRI, and we compared it with the results of the General Lineal Model (GLM).MethodsSixty patients undergoing evaluation for brain surgery due to various brain lesions and/or epilepsy and 20 control subjects completed an fMRI language mapping protocol that included three tasks, resulting in 259 fMRI scans. Depending on brain lesion characteristics, patients were allocated to (1) static/chronic not-expanding lesions (Group 1) and (2) progressive/expanding lesions (Group 2). GLM and ICA statistical maps were evaluated by fMRI experts to assess the performance of each technique.ResultsIn the control group, ICA and GLM maps were similar without any superiority of either technique. In Group 1 and Group 2, ICA performed statistically better than GLM, with a p-value of &lt; 0.01801 and &lt; 0.0237, respectively. This indicated that ICA performs as well as GLM when the subjects are able to cooperate well (less movement, good task performance), but ICA could outperform GLM in the patient groups. When both techniques were combined, 240 out of 259 scans produced reliable results, showing that the sensitivity of task-based fMRI can be increased when both techniques are integrated with the clinical setup.ConclusionICA may be slightly more advantageous, compared to GLM, in patients with brain lesions, across the range of pathologies included in our population and independent of symptoms chronicity. Our findings suggest that GLM analysis may be more susceptible to brain activity perturbations induced by a variety of lesions or scanner-induced artifacts due to motion or other factors. In our research, we demonstrated that ICA is able to provide fMRI results that can be used in surgery, taking into account patient and task-wise aspects that differ from those when fMRI is used in research.
The Commit to Be Fit framework: a community case study of a multi-level, holistic school-based wellness initiative in rural Virginia
Authors: Redelfs Alisha H. , Smith Madeleine , Merrill Jacinda A. , Grimsley Shannon , Jenkins Hollyann E. , Tederick Jacqueline S. , Butler Amanda G. , Dueck Kirsten , Eastham Thomas Margy , Perez David A. , Whigham Leah D. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPublic health interventions that target children's physical, mental, and emotional health will enhance their ability to learn and grow. Although more complex, school initiatives that address multiple ecological levels and take a holistic view may be more effective and likely to lead to lasting change.AimsThis article presents the framework of Commit to Be Fit (C2BF) as an example of how schools can integrate multi-level and holistic approaches for health. This innovative school-based intervention includes activities addressing individual, home, school, and community to create a culture of wellness. We describe the implementation of C2BF and its basis in ecological models and give examples of activities across three components: cafeteria, classroom, and community. We discuss challenges and note that leadership engagement and alignment were critical elements for C2BF's success thus far.DiscussionC2BF uses a school-based multi-level approach to creating a culture of wellness and holistic health for students, teachers, and community members. C2BF is unique compared to other school-based programming and includes activities that address all eight domains posited for program sustainability within public health. Built to be flexible and adaptive, C2BF was able to successfully pivot during the COVID pandemic and also follow new science.ConclusionC2BF and other multi-level holistic approaches are more likely to achieve long-term change by utilizing strategies across the multiple levels of the ecological model to improve health and wellbeing.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis among Brazilian men who have sex with men: a comparative study between migrants and non-migrants
Authors: Sousa Álvaro Francisco Lopes , Lima Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida , Ribeiro Caíque Jordan Nunes , de Sousa Anderson Reis , Camargo Emerson Lucas Silva , de Oliveira Layze Braz , Neto João Cruz , Fronteira Inês , Mendes Isabel Amélia Costa 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionInvestigating the use and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in MSM is a global health priority in the fight against HIV. Strategies must be capable of increasing usage and reaching not only the population living in the country but also those who immigrate, who face additional vulnerabilities. Based on this, in this observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study, our aim is to analyze the use of PrEP among Brazilian men who have sex with men, whether they are migrants or not. We aim to highlight preventive opportunities and strategies for the global health scenario.MethodsWe utilized a sample of Brazilians living in the country and Brazilian immigrants residing in Portugal, one of the main destinations for Brazilians in recent years. To estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) of PrEP use, we employed the Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation using a covariance matrix.ResultsA total of 1,117 Brazilian MSM PrEP users participated in this study, with 788 residing in Brazil and 328 in Portugal. Multivariate analysis was conducted in three stages: overall, and for subgroups of residents in Brazil and immigrants in Portugal. We identified four convergent factors that increased the prevalence of PrEP use in Brazilians regardless of migration status: having two or more casual sexual partners per month, engaging in challenging sexual practices as the receptive partner, disclosing serological status on apps, and being single. Among native Brazilians, four unique factors stood out: being in a polyamorous relationship, having sexual relations with unknown casual partners, and having higher levels of education.DiscussionThis study highlights the need to implement strategies to strengthen PrEP adherence in Brazil and create international programs that facilitate its usage among populations migrating between these two countries.
Melatonin downregulates the increased hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression and restores pancreatic beta cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model: a clinical, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and descriptive histopathological study
Authors: Alsharif Khalaf F. , Hamad Asmaa A. , Alblihd Mohamed A. , Ali Fatma Abo Zakaib , Mohammed Sherine Ahmed , Theyab Abdulrahman , Al-Amer Osama M. , Almuqati Malik Saad , Almalki Abdulraheem Ali , Albarakati Alaa Jameel A. , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Albrakati Ashraf , Albarakati Mohammad Hamed , Abass Doaa , Lokman Maha S. , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Hepatopathy is one of the serious effects of DM Melatonin (MT) is a potent endogenous antioxidant that can control insulin output. However, little information is available about the potential association between melatonin and hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression in diabetes.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the influence of MT on diabetes-related hepatic injuries and to determine how β-cells of the pancreas in diabetic rats respond to MT administration.Materials and methodsForty rats were assigned to four groups at random (ten animals per group). Group I served as a normal control group. Group II was induced with DM, and a single dose of freshly prepared streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally injected. In Group III, rats received 10 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal melatonin (IP MT) intraperitoneally over a period of 4 weeks. In Group IV (DM + MT), following the induction of diabetes, rats received MT (the same as in Group III). Fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum insulin levels were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Serum liver function tests were performed. The pancreas and liver were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for insulin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibodies, respectively.ResultsMT was found to significantly modulate the raised blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels induced by diabetes, as well as the decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, MT attenuated diabetic degenerative changes in the pancreas and the hepatic histological structure, increased the β-cell percentage area, and decreased AFP expression in the liver tissue. It attenuated diabetes-induced hepatic injury by restoring pancreatic β-cells; its antioxidant effect also reduced hepatocyte injury.ConclusionCollectively, the present study confirmed the potential benefits of MT in downregulating the increased hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression and in restoring pancreatic β-cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, suggesting its promising role in the treatment of diabetes.
Subjective vision assessment in companion dogs using dogVLQ demonstrates age-associated visual dysfunction
Authors: Rogers Callie M. , Salzman Michele M. , Li Zhanhai , Merten Natascha , Russell Leah J. , Lillesand Hannah K. , Mowat Freya M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDim light vision as assessed by proxy and clinical tools is commonly impaired in older humans and impacts quality of life. Although proxy visual assessment tools have been developed for dogs, it is unclear if they are sensitive enough to detect subtle visual dysfunction in older dogs. We sought to determine if a newly designed proxy visual function questionnaire could detect age-associated differences in visual behaviors in varying lighting conditions in dogs.MethodsA 27-item questionnaire (the dog variable lighting questionnaire, dogVLQ) was designed to assess visual behavior in dogs in different lighting settings. We conducted the dogVLQ, a previously validated visual function questionnaire the dog vision impairment score and performed light- and dark-adapted electroretinography (ERG) on a subset of dogs. Questionnaire scores were analyzed for dog age associations using correlation analysis.ResultsQuestionnaire responses from 235 dog owners were obtained (122 female, 112 male dogs), 79 of which underwent ERG (43 female, 36 male dogs). Bright light visual behavior was significantly associated with light-adapted bright flash ERG amplitudes, visual behavior in near darkness was associated with dark-adapted ERG amplitudes. The dogVLQ identified worse vision in older dogs in bright light, dim light, and darkness; predicted onset was younger for vision in near darkness. Older dogs had more difficulty navigating transitions between lighting conditions.DiscussionSubjective dog owner assessment of visual function associates with objective measurement of retinal function in dogs and supports reduced vision-mediated behaviors in older dogs.
Artificial atmospheric cloud formations: state and prospects of research
Authors: Doronin Alexander , Petrochenko Vyacheslav , Kozlova Natalia , Shchukin Georgiy , Filippenok Viktor 
Published: August 2023

The article presents a classification of atmospheric cloud formations, which includes, along with clouds and fogs of natural origin, also anthropogenic atmospheric cloud formations of an unintentional nature, accompanying human economic activity, and intentional nature (artificial clouds and fogs purposefully created by man).
Based on a systematic analysis of patent materials and information sources in this subject area, possible methods for creating artificial clouds and fogs are summarized, indicating the level of their implementation.
It is shown that at present it is possible to create the following types of artificial clouds and fogs: artificial cirrus crystalline clouds, artificial convective clouds, artificial wavy clouds, artificial fogs, artificial low-altitude water-aerosol formations. Some results of field experiments on the creation of artificial fogs and clouds of various forms in our country and abroad are presented.
The list of solved applied tasks in the creation of artificial clouds and fogs is defined. The possibility of solving such problems is shown by the example of destroying thunderstorms, hail in large areas with the help of artificial cirrus clouds and by the example of destroying frost with the help of artificial fogs created by thermo kinetic installations.
Genetic Engineered Ultrasound-Triggered Injectable Hydrogels for Promoting Bone Reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , Ruan Huitong , Chen Aopan , Xiong Wei , Zhang Mingzhu , Cai Ming , Cui Wenguo 
Published: August 2023

Genetic engineering technology can achieve specific gene therapy for a variety of diseases, but the current strategy still has some flaws, such as a complex system, single treatment, and large implantation trauma. Herein, the genetic engineering injectable hydrogels were constructed by ultrasonic technology for the first time to realize in vivo ultrasound-triggered in situ cross-linking and cell gene transfection, and finally complete in situ gene therapy to promote bone reconstruction. First, ultrasound-triggered calcium release was used to activate transglutaminase and catalyze the transamidation between fibrinogen. Simultaneously, liposome loaded with Zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) gene plasmid (Lip-ZEB1) was combined to construct an ultrasound-triggered in situ cross-linked hydrogels that can deliver Lip-ZEB1. Second, ultrasound-triggered injectable hydrogel introduced ZEB1 gene plasmid into endothelial cell genome through Lip-ZEB1 sustained release, and then acted on the ZEB1/Notch signal pathway of cells, promoting angiogenesis and local bone reconstruction of osteoporosis through genetic engineering. Overall, this strategy provides an advanced gene delivery system through genetic engineered ultrasound-triggered injectable hydrogels.
Sound insulation mechanism and prediction of membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with multi-state anti-resonances by weighted-kNN
Authors: Lan Jun , Bu Xin , Meng Yusheng , Li Yifeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we present a swing-arm type membrane-type acoustic metamaterial (MAM) with multi-state anti-resonances. The designed structure is lightweight and can achieve excellent sound insulation in a wide frequency range of 100–1000 Hz. Through the analysis of sound transmission loss and anti-resonance mode, the sound insulation principle of MAM is obtained. Besides, the orthogonal experiment presents the order of the main factors affecting the sound insulation performance. Based on the relative bandwidth as the classification criterion, k-nearest neighbor with analytic hierarchy process and K-Fold cross-validation is utilized to predict different levels of sound insulation.
Conceptos principales de la filosofía del cristianismo
Authors: Pherez Gustavo Adolfo , Iglesias Ortega Enoc 
Published: August 2023

Durante la historia de la humanidad han existido diversas corrientes que se han encargado de construir ciertos conceptos esenciales de la filosofía y de sus ramas; la filosofía ha estado presente en la educación y en la pedagogía; ii) objetivo: presentar puntualmente conceptos que se aproximan a la naturaleza del cristianismo y que son muy útiles para comprender varios de sus alcances teóricos y prácticos; iii) metodología: el enfoque de esta investigación es cualitativo y de tipo documental, que intenta acceder y abordar los pensamientos filosóficos de diversos autores que han influenciado al cristianismo a través de la historia; iv) reflexión: para entender la esencia del cristianismo conviene enfocar la cosmovisión y la filosofía cristianas; entonces, en este escenario dialéctico y dialógico, de disensos o acuerdos, se propone que se ubique como tema de estudio la evaluación formativa por competencias de los procesos de aprendizaje, con una visión educativa cristiana integral, asociada a la filosofía y a la cosmovisión cristianas, conscientes de que la actividad evaluativa formativa es muy ardua; v) conclusiones: la filosofía y la cosmovisión de fundamento aportan y señalan los principios para entender al hombre, en su génesis, desarrollo y proyecciones. Este hombre estuvo maniatado por las dimensiones de espacio y tiempo, con excepción de su pensamiento, que le facilitaba trascender dichas fronteras. Hoy, su pensamiento crítico es necesario para trascender.
Peculiarities of Acromioplasty in Patients with Chronic Massive Rotator Cuff Ruptures
Authors: Strafun S.S. , Bohdan S.V. , Yuriichuk L.M. , Strafun O.S. , Biliavskyi V.O. 
Published: August 2023

Background. According to the literature, from 14% to 28% of patients with rotator cuff tendon ruptures have unsatisfactory results of treatment and require a reverse shoulder joint arthroplasty in the future.
Objective: to compare the results of open rotator cuff repair of chronic massive rotator cuff tears in groups with standard subacromial decompression and subacromial decompression with resection of the lateral part of the acromion.
Materials and Methods. The study included 58 patients who underwent an open rotator cuff repair of chronic massive rotator cuff tears (supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons) and who underwent a rehabilitation program and follow-up up to 12 months after surgery. The age of the patients ranged from 30 to 60 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – classic subacromial decompression, group 2 – classic subacromial decompression complemented by resection of 5 mm of the lateral end of the acromion. Shoulder joint function was assessed using the Constant Shoulder Score and VAS scales before surgery, 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Results. Six months after surgery, the mean functional result on the Constant Shoulder Score scale in group 1 was slightly worse (24.5 ± 16.2 points) than in group 2 (18.5 ± 6.1 points); p = 0.131. Twelve months after surgery, the mean functional score on the Constant Shoulder Score was 21.1 ± 5.6 points in group 1 and 10.1 ± 6.1 points in group 2 (p = 0.031). Six months after surgery, the average score on the VAS scale was worse in group 1 than in group 2 and ranged from 3.5 ± 1.2 points. Twelve months after surgery, the mean score on the VAS scale was also worse in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.05). Conclusions. Resection of the lateral part of the acromion during the open rotator cuff repair of chronic massive rotator cuff tendons tears allows to obtain better average functional results of treatment both 6 months and 12 months after the surgery. Resection of the lateral end of the acromion changes the vector of the total force of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles during shoulder elevation. This reduces the probability of the subacromial conflict syndrome development and thus reduces the load on the area of the rotator cuff tendon suture.
The Use of Injection Methods for the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis of the Ankle Joint (Literature Review)
Authors: Turchyn O.A. , Omelchenko T.M. , Liabakh A.P. 
Published: August 2023

Summary. Treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the ankle joint remains an issue of modern orthopedics. Conservative therapy may lose its effect over time or cause considerable side effects. Intra-articular injections are successfully used in the treatment of ОA in other major joints, so it has been hypothesized that they also may be effective in patients with ankle OA.
Objective: to analyze the literature devoted to injection methods of treatment of post-traumatic ankle OA.
Material and Methods. The search for publications which evaluated the effectiveness of intra-articular therapy in reducing pain and improving function in the treatment of ankle OA was conducted on PubMed databases, from 2007 to 2022. Intra-articular therapy included corticosteroids (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A), prolotherapy, and bone marrow aspirate.
Results. 146 publications related to intra-articular therapy in the treatment of ankle OA were found. 40 publications were selected for analysis, of which there were 11 randomized controlled studies and 4 meta-analyses; other publications were of III and IV levels of evidence. The number of literature sources related to the effectiveness of intra-articular therapy was as follows: HA – 24, CS – 3, BoNT-A – 1, PRP – 5, MSc – 1, prolotherapy – 2, and bone marrow aspirate – 1.
Conclusions. Intra-articular therapy may be effective in the treatment of post-traumatic OA of the ankle joint. However, modern literature data in this area are mostly of poor quality and consist of small sample studies. Since there are currently no studies comparing these techniques, it is difficult to determine whether one type of injection therapy should be preferred over another. This determines the need for further research, especially regarding the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness and long-term safety of these treatments.
Investigating the Origin of the Absorption-line Variability in the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy WPVS 007
Authors: Green Kaylie S. , Gallagher Sarah C. , Leighly Karen M. , Choi 최 Hyunseop 현섭 , Grupe Dirk , Terndrup Donald M. , Richards Gordon T. , Komossa S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Broad absorption line quasars are actively accreting supermassive black holes that have strong outflows characterized by broad absorption lines in their rest-UV spectra. Variability in these absorption lines occurs over months to years depending on the source. WPVS 007, a low-redshift, low-luminosity narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) shows strong variability over shorter timescales, providing a unique opportunity to study the driving mechanism behind this variability that may mimic longer-scale variability in much more massive quasars. We present the first variability study using the spectral synthesis code SimBAL, which provides velocity-resolved changes in physical conditions of the gas using constraints from multiple absorption lines. Overall, we find WPVS 007 to have a highly ionized outflow with a large mass-loss rate and kinetic luminosity. We determine the primary cause of the absorption-line variability in WPVS 007 to be a change in covering fraction of the continuum by the outflow. This study is the first SimBAL analysis where multiple epochs of observation were fit simultaneously, demonstrating the ability of SimBAL to use the time domain as an additional constraint in spectral models.