bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young students’ engagement with data to create decision trees
Authors: Podworny Susanne , Biehler Rolf , Fleischer Yannik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Statistics and machine learning are critical because they play an essential role in our everyday lives and the careers we may pursue in the future. It may be beneficial to introduce machine learning, such as decision trees (DTs), at an early stage of education. The data-based construction of DTs is an example of a machine learning process, which can be addressed in mathematics or statistics teaching because of relatively low prior knowledge requirements. This paper focuses on investigating how sixth-grade students create and evaluate data-based DTs. The basis is a teaching unit that aims to lay the foundation for machine learning and enhance students’ understanding of the process. We investigate students’ processes in detail while they build DTs with data cards about food items to predict whether a new item is recommendable. After the teaching unit, an interview study examines students’ strategies for creating decision trees. The findings contribute to understanding students’ learning processes and the challenges when working with decision trees.
Blood Flow Velocity Analysis in Cerebral Perforating Arteries on 7T 2D Phase Contrast MRI with an Open-Source Software Tool (SELMA)
Authors: Pham S. D. T. , Chatziantoniou C. , van Vliet J. T. , van Tuijl R. J. , Bulk M. , Costagli M. , de Rochefort L. , Kraff O. , Ladd M. E. , Pine K. , Ronen I. , Siero J. C. W. , Tosetti M. , Villringer A. , Biessels G. J. , Zwanenburg J. J. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blood flow velocity in the cerebral perforating arteries can be quantified in a two-dimensional plane with phase contrast magnetic imaging (2D PC-MRI). The velocity pulsatility index (PI) can inform on the stiffness of these perforating arteries, which is related to several cerebrovascular diseases. Currently, there is no open-source analysis tool for 2D PC-MRI data from these small vessels, impeding the usage of these measurements. In this study we present the Small vessEL MArker (SELMA) analysis software as a novel, user-friendly, open-source tool for velocity analysis in cerebral perforating arteries. The implementation of the analysis algorithm in SELMA was validated against previously published data with a Bland–Altman analysis. The inter-rater reliability of SELMA was assessed on PC-MRI data of sixty participants from three MRI vendors between eight different sites. The mean velocity (vmean) and velocity PI of SELMA was very similar to the original results (vmean: mean difference ± standard deviation: 0.1 ± 0.8 cm/s; velocity PI: mean difference ± standard deviation: 0.01 ± 0.1) despite the slightly higher number of detected vessels in SELMA (Ndetected: mean difference ± standard deviation: 4 ± 9 vessels), which can be explained by the vessel selection paradigm of SELMA. The Dice Similarity Coefficient of drawn regions of interest between two operators using SELMA was 0.91 (range 0.69–0.95) and the overall intra-class coefficient for Ndetected, vmean, and velocity PI were 0.92, 0.84, and 0.85, respectively. The differences in the outcome measures was higher between sites than vendors, indicating the challenges in harmonizing the 2D PC-MRI sequence even across sites with the same vendor. We show that SELMA is a consistent and user-friendly analysis tool for small cerebral vessels.
Barrier Properties Against UV Radiation of Woven Fabrics Coated With Micronized Pumice
Authors: Şapcı Nükhet , Öncü Güler 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research primarily investigates the UV properties obtained in woven fabrics with different properties coated with micronized pumice. Most of the studies in the textile industry are based on the search for new technologies and materials to produce functional products. In this study, three different types of fabrics woven from polyamide/viscose, polyamide/linen and cotton/silk yarns were covered with 50-μm pumice material at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios. At these rates, the effect of pumice coating on the physical and UV properties of the mentioned fabrics was investigated. SEM/EDS analysis, tear strength, fabric stiffness (bending length) and air permeability values of the coated fabrics were evaluated. According to the results of the study, it was observed that the UPF values of fabrics coated with 15% pumice were improved by 5.08 times in cotton/silk, 8.7 times in polyamide/viscose and 34.9 times in polyamide/linen compared to control uncoated fabrics.
Effect of Metakaolin and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on the Performance of Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Rawat S. , (Chunhui) Yang Richard , Zhang Lihai , Fanna Daniel J. , Soe Khin , Zhang Y. X. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and metakaolin (MK) on the strength and ductility of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) based hybrid basalt and polyethylene fibre reinforced cementitious composite (FRMOC). MOC was chosen as the matrix due to its unique properties and environment friendliness as a green cement. MK and GGBFS were selected as primary additives to reinforce the MOC matrix owing to their outstanding performance in cementitious composites, coupled with their widespread availability and sustainable characteristics. The influence of GGBFS and MK on physical and mechanical properties of FRMOC was studied in this paper through extensive physical and mechanical testing and microscopic analysis. It was found that the hardened density of FRMOC was not significantly affected by these additives, and it ranged from 1909.3 to 1976.0 kg/m3, retaining its lightweight characteristics. Compressive strength of specimens cured for one day reached approximately 69.1–84.0% of that for specimens cured for 28 days, indicating the high early strength characteristics of the material. All FRMOC specimens exhibited tensile strain hardening properties, with tensile strength and strain capacity ranging from 6.74 to 8.58 MPa and 1.14 to 2.22%, respectively. The mix containing 30% GGBFS, 0.75% basalt fibre, and 1.25% polyethylene fibre was identified as the optimum MOC mix with enhanced compressive strength (73.9 MPa), tensile strength (8.52 MPa), and strain capacity (2.22%). Microscopic analysis further revealed that the addition of GGBFS-MK blends did not alter the primary phase composition of hydration products but essentially promoted the formation of phase 5, demonstrating their effectiveness in enhancing the performance of FRMOC.
Coping with mobile-online-dating fatigue and the negative self-fulfilling prophecy of digital dating
Authors: Degen Johanna L. , Kleeberg-Niepage Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rise of mobile-online-dating apps new principles have entered the dating culture, including parallel dating, acceleration, efficacy, and non-commitment. These practices negatively affect the self, inhibit dating success and contribute to the emergence of mobile-online-dating fatigue. Despite its significance, research on dating fatigue remains underdeveloped so far, with limited exploration of its underlying mechanisms and broader social contextualization. This study draws on qualitative insights from 27 interviews, exploring social mechanisms of mobile-online-dating fatigue, users’ meaning-making processes, and resulting coping strategies. The findings show how fatigue is a widely experienced social phenomenon rather than an individual vulnerability. Instead, mobile-online-dating fatigue arises from reciprocal hurtful experiences, specific attribution patterns and interpretations of experiences, just as resulting attitudes and strategies that foster negative social dynamics, including stereotyping, devaluation, repetitive and dissatisfying dating practices, and sometimes sexual coercive behaviors. These dynamics culminate in a negative self-fulfilling prophecy. The results also reveal coping strategies, with users projecting negative effects on other users and the app providers, while continuously reproducing negative dynamics hanging on to their app usage, opting for a general dating abstinence, or seeking digital alternatives. One prominent digital alternative is Instagram, where users re-enact excitement through practices characterized by deceleration, ambiguity, social embeddedness, personal risk-taking, and equivocal communication– practices that are perceived as an opportunity for resonating and therefore more meaningful dating practices. The findings are discussed against the background of a social understanding of the self, with users navigating a restrictive dating context, seeking for experiences of resonance and meaningful connections.
An iterative dynamic chemical stiffness removal method for reacting flow simulations
Authors: Xu Chao , Lu Tianfeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
An iterative dynamic chemical stiffness removal method (IDCSR) based on quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA) is proposed. The IDCSR method is built on a previously developed non-iterative method which has proved to work well for small timestep sizes. A novel iterative procedure is designed in IDCSR to enable explicit time integration of stiff chemistry at relatively large timestep sizes relevant to practical reacting flow simulations. The effectiveness of the iterative procedure is first demonstrated with a toy problem and homogeneous auto-ignition with fixed integration step sizes, showing that larger timestep sizes can be allowed for explicit time integration using IDCSR compared with the previous non-iterative method. IDCSR is then compared with existing explicit chemistry solvers for simulations of homogeneous auto-ignition and shows similar or lower computational cost but significantly higher accuracy across a wide range of timestep sizes. IDCSR is further combined with an automatic adaptive time-stepping scheme for simulations of 0-D homogeneous auto-ignition and a 2-D laminar lifted n-dodecane jet flame. For the 0-D auto-ignition simulations, IDCSR is shown to reduce both the error (by 43%–90%) and computational cost (by 6–15 times) compared with existing explicit solvers, while achieving speed-up factors of up to 400 compared with VODE for a wide range of timestep sizes and reaction mechanisms. For the 2-D jet flame simulations, speed-up factors of 15 and 31 for chemistry integration, and 5 and 9 for overall simulation, are achieved by IDCSR compared with CVODE with and without analytic Jacobian, respectively.
The Transmutation of Sovereignty: Digital “World of Warcraft” and Innovation in the Chinese Legal Order
Authors: Ji Weidong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article analyses the paradoxical relationship between the relative decline and resurgence of national sovereignty in the context of economic and informational globalisation, the rise of mega-platforms, the sovereign individuals hidden within blockchains, and large model behemoths free from the feature design of programming. It highlights how the decline of sovereignty has given rise to concepts such as “the digital sovereignty” in Europe and “the sovereign blockchain” in China, while the resurgence of sovereignty has led to theories like the “surveillance society” in North America and the “electronic forbidding leave” metaphor in China. In any case, with the AI-driven era, “the Algorithmic Leviathan” is becoming an extremely powerful dominating force that countries and laws must confront. To prevent its runaway abuse, it is necessary to consolidate a basic consensus through global digital compacts and institutionalise it through legal and technical due process—this is the essence of the digital rule of law.
Testing the feasibility of a digital storytelling intervention combined with heart rate variability biofeedback in hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Kim Sunny W. , James Dara L. , Koffer Rachel E. , Nair Lakshmi , Bahrami Raheleh , Ou Lihong , Fauble Veena , Khera Nandita , Larkey Linda K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This pilot 2-week, randomized controlled trial examined integrating digital storytelling (DST) with heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) to enhance psycho-emotional well-being of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) patients. HCT patients (N = 25; Mage = 51.9 years) were randomly assigned: (1) DST + HRVB intervention, or (2) DST-only control. Both groups viewed four emotionally-rich digital stories. The DST + HRVB group practiced HRVB at home for ten minutes/day. DST + HRVB participants decreased anger, depression, fatigue (d = 0.53) and increased emotional processing (d = 0.20), and HRV-assessed autonomic nervous system balance (3.5 vs. 0.9). This study supports feasibility of integrating DST with HRVB, and effect sizes indicate superiority of combining DST with HRVB.
Sustaining the Movement: Community Care and Collaboration at the Highlander Nursery School, 1938-1953
Authors: Bivens Briana M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Highlander Nursery School, run by the Highlander Folk School from 1938 to 1953, provided no-cost early care and learning to the white working-class children of Summerfield, Tennessee. While Highlander is best known as a democratic education and movement-building hub that builds adults’ capacity to shape labor and racial justice in their communities, it has also facilitated programs for young people, including a nursery school. The Highlander Nursery School functioned as a cooperative institution that relied on the material and conceptual support of local residents, serving as a depoliticized entry point for families who might otherwise have been antagonistic toward Highlander’s pro-union and pro-civil rights agenda. This article aims to understand how the complexity of Highlander’s political vision for grassroots leadership, cooperation, and radical social change was expressed in and through the nursery school, an institution that teachers, local children, and their families worked together to sustain.
Researching Irish Legislation
Authors: Curtin Sinéad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this article, Sinéad Curtin, Legal Knowledge Manager in the Chief State Solicitor's Office, provides a guide to the free and subscription sources for researching Irish legislation. She explains how legislation is enacted, how to determine if it's in force and whether it's been amended. She also looks at tracking legislation, the transposition of EU directives and statutory interpretation in general. The article concludes with a list of sources for Irish legislation.
Copyright and ESG: Ethical Imperatives for Compliance and Responsibility
Authors: Hulme Colin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractColin Hulme, head of intellectual property (IP) at Burness Paull, considers the impact of environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) programmes on the observance of copyright by corporates. This article was commissioned by the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) and first appeared in the New Law Journal in 2023.
How Technology Supports Open Justice and Transparency
Authors: Magrath Paul 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article by Paul Magrath, Head of Product Development and Online Content at ICLR (incorporated Council of Law Reporting), provides a survey of 10 key technological developments that, over time, have contributed towards or affected our understanding of the administration of justice. Developments involving digitisation, the internet, and artificial intelligence (AI) are dealt with in greater depth, with a particular focus on recent AI developments at ICLR.
Raiders of the Lost Archive
Authors: Breslin Mike , Breslin Jas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the latest in our series reviewing archived copies of Legal Information Management and The Law Librarian – as the journal was once known – LIM's co-editors leaf through the four editions published in 1994, while they also take a quick look at an issue from 2001 which featured a contributor who has since gone on to greater things …
Identifying Ocean Submesoscale Activity From Vertical Density Profiles Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yao Leyu , Taylor John R. , Jones Dani C. , Bachman Scott D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubmesoscale eddies are important features in the upper ocean where they mediate air‐sea exchanges, convey heat and tracer fluxes into ocean interior, and enhance biological production. However, due to their small size (0.1–10 km) and short lifetime (hours to days), directly observing submesoscales in the field generally requires targeted high resolution surveys. Submesoscales increase the vertical density stratification of the upper ocean and qualitatively modify the vertical density profile. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised machine learning algorithm to identify submesoscale activity using vertical density profiles. The algorithm, based on the profile classification model (PCM) approach, is trained and tested on two model‐based data sets with vastly different resolutions. One data set is extracted from a large‐eddy simulation (LES) in a 4 km by 4 km domain and the other from a regional model for a sector in the Southern Ocean. We show that the adapted PCM can identify regions with high submesoscale activity, as characterized by the vorticity field (i.e., where surface vertical vorticity is similar to Coriolis frequency and Rossby number ), using solely the vertical density profiles, without any additional information on the velocity, the profile location, or horizontal density gradients. The results of this paper show that the adapted PCM can be applied to data sets from different sources and provides a method to study submesoscale eddies using global data sets (e.g., CTD profiles collected from ships, gliders, and Argo floats).
A New Age of SAR: How Can Commercial Smallsat Constellations Contribute to NASA's Surface Deformation and Change Mission?
Authors: Huang Stacey A. , Osmanoğlu Batuhan , Scheuchl Bernd , Oveisgharan Shadi , Sauber Jeanne M. , Jo MinJeong , Khazendar Ala , Tymofyeyeva Ekaterina , Wusk Betsy , Albayrak Arif 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn response to the 2017 Decadal Survey, NASA conducted a five‐year study on the Surface Deformation and Change (SDC) designated observable to study potential mission concepts. As part of the SDC mission study, the Commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (ComSAR) subgroup was tasked with evaluating the current landscape of the SAR and interferometric SAR (InSAR) industry to assess whether NASA could leverage commercial smallsat products to meet the needs of the SDC science mission. The assessment found that although the commercial SAR industry is growing rapidly, off‐the‐shelf products can currently only make a small—albeit distinct—contribution to SDC mission goals. This gap is due to different design goals between current commercial systems (which prioritize targeted high‐resolution, non‐interferometric observations at short wavelengths with a daily or faster revisit) and a future SDC architecture (which focuses on broad, moderate‐resolution, and interferometric observations at long wavelengths). Even by 2030, planned commercial constellations are expected to only cover 65% of the area needed to match NISAR coverage. Still, high‐resolution and rapid‐repeat capabilities can augment scientific findings from a future SDC mission, as demonstrated by recent contributions from commercial data to applied sciences, cryosphere, and volcanology. Future innovations on smallsat constellation concepts could further contribute to SDC science and applications. Although current constellation designs are not fully able to satisfy desired SDC science capabilities, initial positive feedback to a request for information indicates a potential future path for a customized SDC commercial architecture; more studies will be needed to determine the feasibility of these approaches.
Response of Extreme North Atlantic Midlatitude Cyclones to a Warmer Climate in the GFDL X‐SHiELD Kilometer‐Scale Global Storm‐Resolving Model
Authors: Gentile Emanuele Silvio , Harris Lucas , Zhao Ming , Hodges Kevin , Tan Zhihong , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Zhou Linjiong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing the novel kilometer‐scale global storm‐resolving model Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory eXperimental System for High‐resolution prediction on Earth‐to‐Local Domains (X‐SHiELD), we investigate the impact of a 4 K increase in sea surface temperatures on Northern Hemisphere midlatitude cyclones, during the January 2020–January 2022 period. X‐SHiELD simulations reveal a poleward shift in cyclone tracks under warming, consistent with CMIP projections. However, X‐SHiELD's high resolution and explicit deep convection allowed for a detailed analysis of the warm and cold sectors, which are instead typically underrepresented in traditional CMIP models. Instead, compositing the 100 most intense midlatitude cyclones in the North Atlantic, we find that the warm sector exhibits statistically significant increases in wind speed and precipitation of up to 15% locally per degree of warming, while changes in the cold sector are less pronounced. This study demonstrates X‐SHiELD's potential to provide a realistic‐looking perspective into the evolving risks posed by midlatitude cyclones in a warming climate.
Excitation and Dispersion of Whistler Waves Inside the Contracting Magnetic Hole
Authors: Xu Z. Y. , Wang Z. , Fu H. S. , Fu W. D. , Zhang W. Z. , Yu Y. , Guo Z. Z. , Cao J. B. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMagnetic holes (MHs) are the magnetic structures characterized by the significant decreases of magnitude field, and they have been widely observed in various space plasmas. The high‐resolution observations by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Dispersion RelAtion From Timing (DRAFT) method enable us to study the wave‐particle interactions in MHs in great detail. In this paper, we report whistler waves in a contracting MH and reveal their dispersion relation with DRAFT method, which is well‐consistent with the theoretical prediction. During the excitation of the whistler waves, we also find the formation of pancake distribution (corresponding to electron temperature anisotropy T⊥/T// > 1). By calculating the growth rate of the whistler waves with an analytical model, we find such waves are generated by the temperature anisotropy (T⊥/T// > 1) at the center of MH, which is formed during the contraction. These results suggest that wave‐particle interactions may be closely related to the large‐scale evolution of the MH structures.