bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Psychometric Properties of the 9-Item Vestibular Activities Avoidance Instrument
Authors: Dunlap Pamela M , Alradady Fai A , Costa Claudia M , Delitto Anthony , Terhorst Lauren , Sparto Patrick J , Furman Joseph M , Marchetti Gregory F , Staab Jeffrey P , Chueh Jasmine , Whitney Susan L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of the 9-Item Vestibular Activities Avoidance Instrument (VAAI-9), a patient-reported outcome measure developed to identify fear avoidance beliefs in persons with vestibular disorders.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 100 participants 18 years and older seeking care at a balance disorders clinic for dizziness. Participants completed the VAAI-9, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and other patient-reported outcomes at the initial visit and the 3-month follow-up. To measure test–retest reliability, the VAAI-9 was completed again 5 days after the initial visit and was analyzed using a 2-way mixed ICC for absolute agreement. Internal consistency was determined using the Cronbach alpha. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess convergent validity of the VAAI-9 with other outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify baseline VAAI-9 cutoff scores for those who reported mild (DHI ≤ 30) or moderate or severe (DHI &gt; 30) perceived disability at the 3-month follow-up.

Results
The mean age of the study cohort was 49 (SD = 16) years; 73 (73%) were women. Seventy-one participants completed the 5-day follow-up, and 68 completed the 3-month follow-up. The VAAI-9 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.90). Baseline VAAI-9 scores had moderate to strong associations with other outcome measures at baseline and 3 months. A baseline VAAI-9 score of 26 or higher had a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 78.4% for identifying a DHI score of &gt;30 at 3 months (area under the curve = 0.86).

Conclusions
The results provide evidence of excellent reliability and validity for the 9-item VAAI in persons with vestibular disorders. A baseline VAAI-9 score of ≥26 identified individuals at risk of persistent moderate to severe disability due to dizziness.

Impact
Initial levels of fear avoidance beliefs measured using the VAAI-9 provided important prognostic information about outcomes for persons with vestibular symptoms.
ChatGPT in the higher education environment: perspectives from the theory of high order thinking skills
Authors: Putra Febri W , Rangka Itsar B , Aminah Siti , Aditama Mint H R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
ChatGPT is a form of technological progress in the 5.0 era. The use of ChatGPT has begun to penetrate all fields of science, including the field of education. Students use ChatGPT to help them complete their assignments in the university environment. Apart from providing many benefits, ChatGPT also has many dangers threatening students. One of the dangers for students who rely too much on ChatGPT is a decrease in higher-order thinking skills.
The Effect of Wealth on Worker Productivity
Authors: Eeckhout Jan , Sepahsalari Alireza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a theory that analyzes how a workers’ asset holdings affect their job productivity. In a labor market with uninsurable risk, workers choose to direct their job search trading off productivity and wages against unemployment risk. Workers with low asset holdings have a precautionary job search motive, they direct their search to low productivity jobs because those offer a low risk at the cost of low productivity and a low wage. Our main theoretical contribution shows that the presence of consumption smoothing can reconcile the directed search model with negative duration-dependence on wages, a robust empirical regularity that the canonical directed search model cannot rationalize. We calibrate the infinite horizon economy and find this mechanism to be quantitatively important. We evaluate a tax financed unemployment insurance (UI) scheme and analyze how it affects welfare. Aggregate welfare is inverted U-shaped in benefits: the insurance effect UI dominates the incentive effects for low levels of benefits and vice versa for high benefits. In addition, when UI increases, total production falls in the economy while worker productivity increases.
Nucleotide Substitution Model Selection Is Not Necessary for Bayesian Inference of Phylogeny With Well-Behaved Priors
Authors: Guimarães Fabreti Luiza , Höhna Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Model selection aims to choose the most adequate model for the statistical analysis at hand. The model must be complex enough to capture the complexity of the data but should be simple enough not to overfit. In phylogenetics, the most common model selection scenario concerns selecting an adequate substitution and partition model for sequence evolution to infer a phylogenetic tree. Previously, several studies showed that substitution model under-parameterization can bias phylogenetic studies. Here, we explored the impact of substitution model over-parameterization in a Bayesian statistical framework. We performed simulations under the simplest substitution model, the Jukes–Cantor model, and compare posterior estimates of phylogenetic tree topologies and tree length under the true model to the most complex model, the $\text{GTR}+\Gamma+\text{I}$ substitution model, including over-splitting the data into additional subsets (i.e., applying partitioned models). We explored 4 choices of prior distributions: the default substitution model priors of MrBayes, BEAST2, and RevBayes and a newly devised prior choice (Tame). Our results show that Bayesian inference of phylogeny is robust to substitution model over-parameterization and over-partitioning but only under our new prior settings. All 3 current default priors introduced biases for the estimated tree length. We conclude that substitution and partition model selection are superfluous steps in Bayesian phylogenetic inference pipelines if well-behaved prior distributions are applied and more effort should focus on more complex and biologically realistic substitution models.
Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smokers on Offspring Airway Function and Wheeze at Age 5 Years: Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: McEvoy Cindy T. , Shorey-Kendrick Lyndsey E. , Milner Kristin , Harris Julia , Vuylsteke Brittany , Cunningham Michelle , Tiller Christina , Stewart Jaclene , Schilling Diane , Brownsberger Julie , Titus Hope , MacDonald Kelvin D. , Gonzales David , Vu Annette , Park Byung S. , Spindel Eliot R. , Morris Cynthia D. , Tepper Robert S. 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA Pediatr 2023;177(1):16–24)
Despite antismoking efforts, more than 10% of individuals in the United States smoke during pregnancy. This in utero smoke exposure affects more than 400,000 infants per year and puts them at risk for impaired fetal lung function, decreased airway function, and increased risk for wheeze and asthma.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: new evidences on the role of autoimmunity
Authors: Xiang Yi-Kui , Guloglu Sercan , Elieh-Ali-Komi Daniel , Kocatürk Emek 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent advancements and relevance of the autoimmune theories in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Recent findings
Two primary types of autoimmunity, Type I and Type IIb, have emerged as major contributors to CSU, characterized by immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, respectively. Genetic evidence supports the notion that CSU shares more similarities with other autoimmune diseases rather than atopic diseases. Novel autoallergens such as FcεRI and tissue transglutaminase have been identified, contributed to our understanding of autoimmune mechanisms. Furthermore, the potential overlap between Type I and Type IIb autoimmunity has been recognized. Evaluating the autoimmune status of CSU patients through biomarkers and understanding their clinical implications is vital for effective management. For instance, CSU patients with Type IIb autoimmunity, with or without coexisting Type I autoimmunity, may exhibit resistance to H1-antihistamines and omalizumab treatment but could potentially respond well to cyclosporine or Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Summary
Further investigations are needed to explore new autoallergens and autoantibodies in CSU, establishing their connection to the development of autoimmunity. The efficacy of novel drugs targeting different mechanisms should be examined to determine their responses in both autoimmune CSU and nonautoimmunity-related CSU.
Role of the ocular surface microbiome in allergic eye diseases
Authors: Cavuoto Kara M. , Galor Anat , Zhu Angela Y. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on emerging literature on the role of the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) in allergic eye diseases.

Recent findings
Findings in the literature suggest that the ocular surface microbiome plays a role in the pathophysiology and course of allergic disease of the ocular surface.

Summary
Knowledge regarding the role of the ocular surface microbiome in allergic disease is important to guide development of targets for future therapeutic interventions.
Hypertension and NAFLD risk: Insights from the NHANES 2017–2018 and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Yuan Mengqin , He Jian , Hu Xue , Yao Lichao , Chen Ping , Wang Zheng , Liu Pingji , Xiong Zhiyu , Jiang Yingan , Li Lanjuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Hypertension and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share several pathophysiologic risk factors, and the exact relationship between the two remains unclear. Our study aims to provide evidence concerning the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD by analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2018 and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

Methods:
Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between hypertension and NAFLD risk by using data from the NHANES 2017–2018. Subsequently, a two-sample MR study was performed using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to identify the causal association between hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and NAFLD. The primary inverse variance weighted (IVW) and other supplementary MR approaches were conducted to verify the causal association between hypertension and NAFLD. Sensitivity analyses were adopted to confirm the robustness of the results.

Results:
A total of 3144 participants were enrolled for our observational study in NHANES. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis suggested that hypertension was positively related to NAFLD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.677; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.159–2.423). SBP ≥130 mmHg and DBP ≥80 mmHg were also significantly positively correlated with NAFLD. Moreover, hypertension was independently connected with liver steatosis (β = 7.836 [95% CI, 2.334–13.338]). The results of MR analysis also supported a causal association between hypertension (OR = 7.203 [95% CI, 2.297–22.587]) and NAFLD. Similar results were observed for the causal exploration between SBP (OR = 1.024 [95% CI, 1.003–1.046]), DBP (OR = 1.047 [95% CI, 1.005–1.090]), and NAFLD. The sensitive analysis further confirmed the robustness and reliability of these findings (all P >0.05).

Conclusion:
Hypertension was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD.
Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface Surgery: Anatomic and Technical Guide
Authors: Leach Garrison A. , Dean Riley A. , Kumar Nishant Ganesh , Tsai Catherine , Chiarappa Frank E. , Cederna Paul S. , Kung Theodore A. , Reid Chris M. 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) surgery has been demonstrated to be an effective tool as an interface for neuroprosthetics. Additionally, it has been shown to be a reproducible and reliable strategy for the active treatment and for prevention of neuromas. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of RPNI surgery to demonstrate its simplicity and empower reconstructive surgeons to add this to their armamentarium. This article discusses the basic science of neuroma formation and prevention, as well as the theory of RPNI. An anatomic review and discussion of surgical technique for each level of amputation and considerations for other etiologies of traumatic neuromas are included. Lastly, the authors discuss the future of RPNI surgery and compare this with other active techniques for the treatment of neuromas.
Surgical Correction of Nipple Hypertrophy after Nipple-sparing Mastectomy with Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kawai Kenichiro , Fujiwara Toshihiro , Nishimoto Soh , Ishise Hisako , Saito Takuya , Nakajima Koyo , Kubo Tateki , Kakibuchi Masao 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Nipple hypertrophy is a relatively common phenomenon, particularly in the Asian patient population. The incidence and prevalence or cause of nipple hypertrophy are not well defined in the literature. As survival rates for breast cancer patients continue to improve, there is an increasing emphasis on enhancing their quality of life. Treatment options, such as lumpectomy and radiation therapy or mastectomy, now prioritize preservation of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) through techniques like nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). This approach has been shown to improve patient satisfaction and quality of life. However, it is important to note that NSM is associated with certain complications, including NAC necrosis, malposition, and local recurrence of the tumor. Among those complications, nipple hypertrophy is quite rare. In this report, we present a case of nipple hypertrophy that developed after breast reconstruction, using autologous tissue. The patient, a 48-year-old woman, underwent NSM for breast cancer, and had a tissue expander placed simultaneously. Following tissue expansion, breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap was performed. However, during the tissue expansion phase, the patient’s nipple gradually enlarged, and the protrusion became more pronounced after the DIEP flap transfer. Nipple reduction surgery was subsequently performed for both diagnostic and cosmetic purposes. We present this case along with a review of relevant literature.
Radon Flux Measurement System
Authors: Caffrey Emily A. , Mangini Colby D. , Rood Arthur S. , Grogan Helen A. , Till John E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Disposal of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) waste in the State of Oregon is prohibited unless it can be demonstrated that the material is nonradioactive as defined by its radionuclide content and potential for emission into the environment. It was determined that a radon flux on the surface of the waste no greater than 0.37 Bq m−2 s−1 would meet this requirement. This article provides a method to estimate the radon flux through indirect measurement of the radon mass exhalation rate. It describes a device that consists of a radon accumulation chamber coupled with a continuous radon monitor and software to process the results and calculate the radon mass exhalation rate and radon flux for an unknown sample of approximately 500 g. The chamber system was tested with a uranium ore sample.
Genotype–Phenotype and Genotype–Outcome Analysis of Capillary Malformation–Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Sun Yi , Su Lixin , Zhang Yunjie , Wang Zhenfeng , Chen Shijie , Gu Hao , Yue Xiaojie , Zhao Xiong , Yang Xitao , Wang Deming , Fan Xindong , Cai Ren 
Published: July 2023

Objective(s):
Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM-AVM) is a rare autosomal-dominant complex vascular disorder that can be associated with fast-flow vascular malformations (FFVMs). The purpose of this study is to explore the genotype–phenotype and genotype–outcome associations based on a large parallel sequencing of CM-AVM patients to improve the understanding of the development and risk factors for FFVM.

Methods:
A total of 117 patients with CM-AVMs were enrolled in this multicenter cohort study. All patients underwent detailed clinical phenotyping, including age, sex, capillary malformation (CM) size, with or without FFVM, and outcome (Schobinger stage). Next-generation sequencing was performed with peripheral blood and tissue samples. Genotype–phenotype, genotype–outcome, and phenotype–outcome analyses were performed.

Results:
Germline or mosaic RASA1 variants were the most common cause of CM-AVM, found in 61.5%, with EPHB4 variants in 32.5%. A total of 76.9% of patients had a dominant CM lesion larger than 5 cm. No obvious correlations between genotypes and phenotypes, including sex, age, location, and size of CMs, were found in this cohort. Comparing the patients with FFVMs with those without FFVMs, we found significant differences in age and the size of dominant CM lesions but not in genotype, sex, or location.

Conclusion:
CM-AVMs can be categorized as complex vascular malformations caused by different gene alterations in the RAS/RAF/MEK pathway. No obvious correlations between genotypes and phenotypes were identified. Critically, the occurrence and progression of FFVM is strongly determined by phenotypes, including age and the size of the dominant CM, rather than genotypes.
Implementation of Electronic Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Assessment and Best Practice Advisory Tools to Improve Patient Care
Authors: Pratt Samantha , Howard-Ruben Josie 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) affects 30% of surgical patients undergoing anesthesia. PONV is a substantial cause of increased length of stay, cost of care, and unanticipated patient admission and readmission.

Local Problem:
Seventy percent of patients received PONV prophylaxis; PONV assessment was performed in only 63% of patients in this hospital system.

Methods:
A standardized PONV preoperative assessment checklist and a best practice advisory (BPA) were implemented in our electronic medical record (EMR) and charting system. Anesthesia providers and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses completed training on patient management for PONV, including preoperative assessment and BPA use.

Results:
The PONV preoperative assessment achieved high adoption, and providers followed its recommendations in more than 90% of cases. During the 6-month implementation phase, PONV rates decreased from 56% to 43.6%.

Conclusions:
Implementing a standardized, electronic PONV preoperative risk assessment checklist and a BPA effectively reduced PONV rates in this hospital system.
Sleep Disorders, Comorbidities, Actions, Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction, and Medications (“Sleep C.A.L.M.”) in the Evaluation and Management of Nocturia: A Simple Approach to a Complex Diagnosis
Authors: Monaghan Thomas F. , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Wein Alan J. , Rahman Syed N. , Lazar Jason M. , Bliwise Donald L. , Everaert Karel , Lemack Gary E. , Cornu Jean-Nicolas , Drake Marcus J. , Chapple Christopher R. , Hashim Hashim , Blaivas Jerry G. , Dmochowski Roger R. 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from Neurourol Urodyn 2023;42:562–572)
The number of times urine is passed during the main sleep period, or nocturia, is a condition based on a fundamentally mismatched relationship between functional bladder storage capacity and nocturnal urine production, modulated by sleep patterns. Although nocturia may be caused by genitourinary tract abnormalities, other factors such as medical diseases, medications, sleep disorders, or modifiable behavioral factors may exert consequences between sleep and urine storage/production.
Pediatric Autoimmune or Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Metronidazole Effectiveness on Biochemical Data, Bile Acid Profile, and Gut Microbiota: A Pilot Study
Authors: Karemera Manon , Verce Marko , Roumain Martin , Muccioli Giulio G. , Cani Patrice D. , Everard Amandine , Stephenne Xavier , Sokal Etienne 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can both be present, resulting in autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC). PSC physiopathology could be based on the cross-talk between gut microbiota and bile acids (BAs); antibiotics are an innovative therapy. This pilot study assesses metronidazole (MTZ)’s effectiveness in ASC or PSC patients according to the stage of the disease, and its effects on biochemical parameters, BA profiles, and gut microbiota.

Methods:
ASC or PSC patients from Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc’s pediatric hepato-gastroenterology division were enrolled retrospectively and prospectively; both datasets were merged. MTZ was administered over at least 14 days on top of standard treatment (ursodeoxycholic acid, azathioprine, and steroids). Fecal and blood samples were collected before (T0) and at MTZ day 14 (T14). Sustained biochemical remission was defined by the reduction of transaminases (AST and ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and CRP until 12 months post-MTZ.

Results:
A total of 18 patients (mean age, 13.2 ± 4.5 years) were enrolled (13 ASC and 5 PSC), and divided in remission or relapse patients. CRP, AST, ALT, and GGT levels decreased post-MTZ in both groups (excepting GGT in relapse patients), with decreases between T0 and T14 being significant for AST and ALT. Relapse patients were older (P = 0.0351) and in late-disease stage, with mainly large-duct PSC (P = 0.0466). In remission patients, the mean plasma relative abundance of hydrophilic BA increased by +6.3% (P = 0.0391) after MTZ. Neither at baseline nor T14, there were significant differences in gut microbiota recorded.

Conclusion:
These data are likely indicative of long-term benefits following MTZ therapy at early-stage ASC or PSC, with increased hydrophilic BA abundance. Multicenter prospective studies are needed.
Pediatric Nasoorbitoethmoid Fractures: A Single Institution’s 15-Year Experience
Authors: Glenney Anne E. , Irgebay Zhazira , Cheng Lucille G. , Comerci Alexander J. , Mocharnuk Joseph W. , Bruce Madeleine K. , Anstadt Erin E. , Saladino Richard A. , Dvoracek Lucas A. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures impact growth of the craniofacial skeleton in children, which may necessitate differentiated management from adult injuries. This study describes characteristics, management, and outcomes of NOE fractures in children seen at a single institution.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients under 18 years who presented to our institution from 2006 to 2021 with facial fractures was conducted; patients with NOE fractures were included. Data collected included demographics, mechanism of injury, fracture type, management, and outcomes.

Results:
Fifty-eight patients met inclusion criteria; 77.6% presented with Manson–Marcowitz Type I fractures, 17.2% with Type II, and 5.2% with Type III. The most common cause of injury was motor vehicle accidents (MVAs, 39.7%) and sports (31%). Glasgow Coma Scale and injury mechanism were not predictive of injury severity in the pediatric population (P=0.353, P=0.493). Orbital fractures were the most common associated fractures (n=55, 94.8%); parietal bone fractures were more likely in Type III fractures (P=0.047). LeFort III fractures were more likely in type II fractures (P=0.011). Soft tissue and neurological injuries were the most common associated injuries regardless of NOE fracture type (81% and 58.6%, respectively). There was no significant difference in type of operative management or in the rates of adverse outcomes between types of NOE fractures.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that pediatric NOE fractures, although rare, present differently from adult NOE fractures and that revisiting predictive heuristics and treatment strategies is warranted in this population.