bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of women presenting with hepatitis B at antenatal care services in London, 2008–2018
Authors: Wilson A , Anderson C , Mindlin M , Sawyer C , Verlander N Q , Hiironen I , Forde J , Paranthaman K , Chandra N L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
To support interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B and fill gaps in surveillance, the Enhanced Surveillance of Antenatal Hepatitis B (ESAHB) programme was implemented in London from 2008 to 2018 to collect demographic information on women who tested positive for hepatitis B during antenatal screening. We describe the epidemiology of hepatitis B in pregnancy, as reported to ESAHB.

Methods
The characteristics of pregnant women living with hepatitis B were described and rates were calculated by year, local authority and residence deprivation decile (1 being most deprived). Poisson regression tested the association between pregnant women living with hepatitis B and deprivation decile.

Results
Between 2008 and 2018, 8879 women living with hepatitis B in London (0.35 per 1000 women) reported 11 193 pregnancies. Annual hepatitis B rates remained stable, but there was strong evidence for an inverse association between rate and deprivation decile (P &lt; 0.001). The majority of women in the cohort presented late to antenatal care, were born outside the UK in a hepatitis B endemic area or required an interpreter for consultations.

Conclusions
ESAHB provided important data to inform service quality improvements for women living with hepatitis B. This analysis highlights the link between deprivation and hepatitis B.
Earlier chronotype in midlife as a predictor of accelerated brain aging: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyeon Jin , Kim Regina E Y , Kim Soriul , Lee Seung Ku , Lee Hyang Woon , Shin Chol 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Evidence suggests that sleep–wake cycle disruption could be an early manifestation of neurodegeneration and might even be a risk factor for developing diseases in healthy adults. We investigated the impact of circadian phase change on structural and functional brain deterioration in a late-adulthood population.

Methods
We analyzed the data of 1874 participants (mean age 58.6 ± 6.3 years, 50.3% female) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, who were identified as cognitively unimpaired. The mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (MSFsc) at baseline was adopted as an indicator of the chronotype and used to categorize the participants into three groups. The relationships between the chronotype and longitudinal changes in the gray matter volume (GMV) and cognitive function were investigated (mean interval: 4.2 ± 0.5 years).

Results
The mean MSFsc of the participants was 2:45 am. The earlier MSFsc was linearly associated with smaller right entorhinal GMV (β [SE] = 0.02 [0.01]; p = .001) and lower visual memory function test scores at baseline. Longitudinally, the earlier MSFsc at baseline was only significantly associated with more rapid atrophy in the temporal lobe (β [SE] = 0.18 [0.07]; p = .018) and not with other brain lobes or subregions. Moreover, the earlier MSFsc was associated with more deteriorated verbal learning and visual memory function test scores.

Conclusions
An earlier chronotype in midlife, measured using a questionnaire, can be a valuable indicator for individuals who should be closely monitored for the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Ethnicity, Imprisonment, and Confidence in Police and Courts: Evidence from an International Survey
Authors: O’Brien Timothy L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the sources of ethnic disparities in confidence in police and courts. After reviewing studies of ethnicity and trust in legal authorities and comparative research on prisons, I argue that ethnic divides in confidence in police and courts are based on power imbalances between majority and minority groups and exacerbated by punitive legal systems. I test these claims using data from waves 6 and 7 of the World Values Survey, including 99,480 people in 59 countries. Results from mixed effects logistic regressions indicate that, overall, ethnic majority group members are more likely than minority group members to be confident in police and in courts. However, the differences are larger in countries with higher imprisonment rates. In fact, there are no ethnic differences in confidence in police or courts in countries with low imprisonment rates. The patterns remain net of individual- and country-level controls for crime and other factors. These results suggest that ethnic disparities in confidence in legal authorities are rooted in power dynamics intrinsic to the minority-majority dichotomy and that punitive legal authorities amplify the divides.
Black Boys’ Perceptions of Depression and Mental Health: Findings from the YBMen Project
Authors: Williams Ed-Dee G , Casanova Allura , Watkins Daphne C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite growing research dedicated to investigating the mental health of Black boys, few directly examine experiences with their perceptions and understanding of mental health conditions such as depression. This study uses data from a social media-based intervention for Black males, the Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health project. In a focus group with 8th-grade Black boys, facilitators asked open-ended questions about perceptions of mental health and depression, views of manhood, and experiences with social support. Findings revealed this group of Black boys – while well versed in many of the causes, symptoms, and treatments for mental health challenges and depression – preferred to address mental health needs on their own and through informal familial support. It also revealed the boys wrestled with the complex ways in which their racial identity would affect their experiences with mental health. The findings speak to the importance of mental health education for Black boys and the need for further research incorporating Black boys’ voices in their perceptions, experiences, and understandings of mental health. Finally, the study connects Black boys’ perspectives with many of the perspectives of their racially diverse peers.
Endogenous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Mobilization and Homing for In Situ Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Chen Yunzi , Li Ye , Lu Feng , Dong Ziqing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In mammals, post-injury repair and regenerative events rely predominantly on stem cell function. Stem cell transplantation has achieved considerable success in animals but remains unfavorable for humans because of the unavoidable drawbacks. Nevertheless, substantial evidence suggests the regenerative potential of endogenous stem cells can be improved for functional and structural recovery of tissue damage or in disease conditions. Endogenous stem cells are mostly quiescent under steady-state conditions and reside in their niche. Once faced with tissue injury, physiological and molecular changes within the niche or from distant tissues activate the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells, contributing to tissue repair. Tissue regeneration is augmented by artificially amplifying the factors that promote stem cell mobilization or enhance the homing of endogenous stem cells. This cell-free strategy, known as “in situ tissue regeneration,” represents a safer and more efficient means to conduct tissue regeneration. Bone marrow (BM) is considered the central niche and main reservoir of many types of stem cells. These stem cells hold great therapeutic potential for the regeneration of multiple injured tissues. Herein, we review recent strategies for promoting in situ tissue regeneration through BM-derived stem cell mobilization or homing in animal models as well as in human trials. With the advancement in biomaterial engineering, chemoattractant signals combined with functionalized bioscaffolds have accomplished sustained activation of endogenous BM-derived stem cells that can be used as an attractive strategy for efficient in situ tissue regeneration.
Subconjunctival Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviates Ocular Inflammation in a Murine Model of Corneal Alkali Burn
Authors: Chen Mingxiong , Chen Xiaoniao , Li Xiaoqi , Wang Junyi , Wu Jie , Wang Qun , Huang Yifei , Li Zongjin , Wang Liqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Corneal alkali burns cause extensive damage not only to the cornea but also to the intraocular tissues. As an anti-inflammatory therapy, subconjunctival administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for corneal protection after corneal alkali burn has been explored. Little evidence demonstrates the potential of subconjunctival MSCs delivery in protecting the post-burn intraocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of subconjunctival injection of human placental (hP)-MSCs in protecting against ocular destruction after the burn. hP-MSCs were subconjunctivally administered to C57/BL mice after corneal alkali burn. Western blot of iNOS and CD206 was performed to determine the M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration in the cornea. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the anterior uvea and retina was analyzed by flow cytometry. The TUNEL assay or Western blot of Bax and Bcl2 was used to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effects of MSCs. MSCs could effectively facilitate cornea repair by suppressing inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP9, and polarizing CD206 positive M2 macrophages. Anterior uveal and retinal inflammatory cytokines expression and inflammatory cell infiltration were inhibited in the MSC-treated group. Reduced TUNEL positive staining and Bax/Bcl2 ratio indicated the anti-apoptosis of MSCs. MSC-conditioned medium promoted human corneal epithelial cell proliferation and regulated LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages, confirming the trophic and immunoregulatory effects of MSCs. Our findings demonstrate that subconjunctival administration of MSCs exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the cornea, anterior uvea, and retina after corneal alkali burn. This strategy may provide a new direction for preventing post-event complications after corneal alkali burn.
Genomic epidemiology of the rotavirus G2P[4] strains in coastal Kenya pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction, 2012–8
Authors: Makori Timothy O , Bargul Joel L , Lambisia Arnold W , Mwanga Mike J , Murunga Nickson , de Laurent Zaydah R , Lewa Clement S , Mutunga Martin , Kellam Paul , Cotten Matthew , Nokes D James , Phan My , Agoti Charles N 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The introduction of rotavirus vaccines into the national immunization programme in many countries has led to a decline in childhood diarrhoea disease burden. Coincidentally, the incidence of some rotavirus group A (RVA) genotypes has increased, which may result from non-vaccine-type replacement. Here, we investigate the evolutionary genomics of rotavirus G2P[4] which has shown an increase in countries that introduced the monovalent Rotarix® vaccine. We examined sixty-three RVA G2P[4] strains sampled from children (aged below 13 years) admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya, pre- (2012 to June 2014) and post-(July 2014 to 2018) rotavirus vaccine introduction. All the sixty-three genome sequences showed a typical DS-1-like genome constellation (G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). Pre-vaccine G2 sequences predominantly classified as sub-lineage IVa-3 and co-circulated with low numbers of sub-lineage IVa-1 strains, whereas post-vaccine G2 sequences mainly classified into sub-lineage IVa-3. In addition, in the pre-vaccine period, P[4] sub-lineage IVa strains co-circulated with low numbers of P[4] lineage II strains, but P[4] sub-lineage IVa strains predominated in the post-vaccine period. On the global phylogeny, the Kenyan pre- and post-vaccine G2P[4] strains clustered separately, suggesting that different virus populations circulated in the two periods. However, the strains from both periods exhibited conserved amino acid changes in the known antigenic epitopes, suggesting that replacement of the predominant G2P[4] cluster was unlikely a result of immune escape. Our findings demonstrate that the pre- and post-vaccine G2P[4] strains circulating in Kilifi, coastal Kenya, differed genetically but likely were antigenically similar. This information informs the discussion on the consequences of rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus diversity.
A widespread Ponto-Caspian invader with a mistaken identity: integrative taxonomy elucidates the confusing taxonomy ofTrichogammarus trichiatus(=Echinogammarus) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)
Authors: Copilaș-Ciocianu Denis , Palatov Dmitry , Rewicz Tomasz , Sands Arthur F , Arbačiauskas Kęstutis , van Haaren Ton , Hebert Paul D N , Grabowski Michał , Marin Ivan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmphipods have diversified greatly in the Ponto-Caspian region. Although many of these species are prominent invaders their systematics remains unclear. Taking an integrative approach, we investigate the taxonomy of Trichogammarus trichiatus, a widespread invader in European inland waters. It was initially described from the north-eastern Black Sea coast as Chaetogammarus trichiatus by Martynov in 1932. A similar taxon, Chaetogammarus tenellus major, was described by Cărăușu from the western Black Sea in 1943 but later synonymized with C. trichiatus. Chaetogammarus trichiatus was itself shuffled between Chaetogammarus and the Atlanto-Mediterranean Echinogammarus, currently being assigned to Trichogammarus. Our analyses (six DNA markers, 60 measurements and scanning electron microscopic imaging) reveal that T. trichiatus and C. tenellus major are distinct species; the former is a Caucasian endemic, whereas the latter invaded Europe. Unexpectedly, T. trichiatus is an incipient species molecularly nested in Chaetogammarus ischnus, despite pronounced morphological and geographical differentiation. We also recover Chaetogammarus as polyphyletic, yet its member species are nested in the Ponto-Caspian radiation, thus distinct from Echinogammarus. Consequently, we reassign T. trichiatus to Chaetogammarus (Chaetogammarus trichiatus), synonymize Trichogammarus with Chaetogammarus and place C. tenellus major in the new genus Spirogammarus gen. nov. (Spirogammarus major comb. & stat. nov.). Chaetogammarus necessitates further systematic refinement.
Changing Characteristics of Children With COVID-19 in Colorado Admitted During Different Variant Periods
Authors: Jelic Monika , Silveira Lori , Lang Sean , Curran-Hays Shane , Boyer Shea , Carter Brian , Choi Ye Ji , Fresia Joellen , Maeda Lilia C. , Nerguizian David , Graff Kelly , Abuogi Lisa , Smith Christiana ,   for the Children and COVID-19 in Colorado study
Published: April 2023

Background:
Data are lacking on the impact of different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants in children and on pediatric vaccine effectiveness. We examined differences among children requiring hospital admission associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during wild type, Delta and Omicron variant periods and calculated vaccine effectiveness at preventing symptomatic hospitalization during the Delta and Omicron variant periods.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of children younger than 21 years of age hospitalized with symptomatic COVID-19. Characteristics were compared between variant periods using Kruskal–Wallis or generalized Fisher exact tests. We estimated vaccine effectiveness in preventing symptomatic hospitalization.

Results:
We included 115 children admitted during the wild type period, 194 during Delta and 226 during the Omicron periods. Median age (years) decreased (12.2 wild type, 5.9 Delta, 1.3 Omicron periods, P < 0.0001) over time. Children were less likely to have a comorbid condition, including diabetes or obesity, and had shorter admissions during Omicron compared with the wild type and Delta periods. Intensive care unit admissions and respiratory support requirements were highest during the Delta period (P = 0.05). Among children ≥12 years, adjusted vaccine effectiveness at preventing symptomatic hospitalization was 86% during Delta and 45% during Omicron periods.

Conclusion(s):
Children hospitalized with COVID-19 during later variant periods were younger and less likely to have comorbidities. Children admitted during the Delta variant period required more intensive care and respiratory support compared to other variant periods. Vaccination was less effective at preventing symptomatic hospital admission during the Omicron period compared to the Delta period.
Increasing Rates of Pancreatic and Hepatocellular Cancers Parallel Increasing Obesity Rates
Authors: Kumar Shria , Moghaddam Saltenat , Goldberg David S. , Mantero Alejandro , Crane Tracy E. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are now the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and six are convincingly associated with obesity. We interrogate the association of a state's obesity prevalence with cancer incidence.

Methods
We use data from US Cancer Statistics for each of the 6 cancers of interest from 2011 to 2018. Age-adjusted incidences were calculated, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to identify prevalence of obesity in each state. A generalized estimating equation model was used to relate the rate of cancer with the rate of obesity.

Results
Increased state-level prevalence of obesity was significantly associated with increasing state-level incidence of pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers. The rate of colorectal cancer was not associated with increasing obesity in 2011–2014 but from 2015 to 2018 was inversely associated with increasing rates of obesity. State-level prevalence of obesity was not associated with esophageal, gastric, or gallbladder cancers.

Conclusions
Weight management interventions may reduce risk of pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers.
LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL AWARENESS AMONG HEALTH RECORD OFFICERS IN BAYELSA STATE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE, HEALTH SYSTEMS, AND HEALTH POLICY
Authors: Erezina Ahoada Esther , Raimi Aziba-anyam Gift , Emmanuel Odipe Oluwaseun , Raimi Morufu Olalekan , Abaya Samuel Terungwa , Kakwi Daniel Josephine 
Published: April 2023

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Background</strong></p>
<p>As Electronic health records (EHRs) become more commonplace, and are expected to play a key role in improving the quality of Nigeria health care. Thus, EHRs can improve quality of care delivery in numerous ways such as providing accurate and up-to-date patient information and medical knowledge, rapid retrieval of health information, ability to exchange health information to all authorized participants within or across organizations, automated clinical reminders, improved adherence to treatment guidelines, and accumulation of data for quality monitoring and improvement. Based on regulatory and governmental recommendations, the EHR is being adapted in an increasing number of academic institutions (NDUTH), government hospitals (FMC) and private practice settings. It is incumbent upon HIM leadership to ensure students are skillful users of the technologies that will be in place as they care for patients.</p>
<p><strong>Objectives:</strong></p>
<p>This study aimed to explore, identify and understand critical awareness of electronic health records management level as a means of ensuring confidentiality in public health care sector (FMC & NDUTH) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> </p>
<p>The cross-sectional descriptive design was used and a total of 159 health professionals who represented a variety of user groups across different specialties within the hospital completed the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed. both descriptively and inferentially. Frequency and percentages were used to analysed the data and the result presented in tables. Data analysis was facilitated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0).</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong></p>
<p>Majority of the respondents (90.6%) were aware of the electronic health record management among health record officers. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong></p>
<p>To ensure continuity of care, it is necessary to develop educational and manageable program to improve EHR awareness. The findings may inform other hospitals and healthcare systems on actions that can be taken prior to EHR implementation to reduce concerns for quality, confidentiality, safety of patient care and improve the chance of successful implementation.</p>
Asthma exacerbations and eosinophilia in the UK Biobank: a Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Edris Ahmed , Voorhies Kirsten , Lutz Sharon M. , Iribarren Carlos , Hall Ian , Wu Ann Chen , Tobin Martin , Fawcett Katherine , Lahousse Lies 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAsthma exacerbations reflect disease severity, affect morbidity and mortality, and may lead to declining lung function. Inflammatory endotypes (e.g.:T2-high (eosinophilic)) may play a key role in asthma exacerbations. We aimed to assess whether genetic susceptibility underlies asthma exacerbation risk and additionally tested for an interaction between genetic variants and eosinophilia on exacerbation risk.UK Biobank data were used to perform a GWAS study of individuals with asthma and at least one exacerbation compared to individuals with asthma and no history of exacerbations. Individuals with asthma were identified using self-reported data, hospitalization data and General Practitioners (GP) records. Exacerbations were identified as either asthma–related hospitalization, GP record of asthma exacerbation, or an oral corticosteroid (OCS) burst prescription. A logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and genetic ancestry via principal components was used to assess the association between genetic variants and asthma exacerbations. We sought replication for suggestive associations (P<5x10-6) in the GERA cohort.In the UK Biobank, we identified 11,604 cases, and 37,890 controls. While no variants reached genome wide significance (P<5x10-8) in the primary analysis, 116 signals were suggestively significant (P<5x10-6). In GERA, two SNPs (rs34643691 and rs149721630) were nominally significant and showed the same direction of effect.Two novel genetic loci-(NTRK3 and ABCA13)-that are reproducibly associated with asthma exacerbation in participants with asthma were identified. Confirmation of these findings in different asthma (or ancestry) sub-populations and functional investigation will be required to understand their mechanisms of action and potentially inform therapeutic development.