bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among shisha smokers in the Fayoum Governorate
Authors: El Essawy Assem F. , Elhefny Radwa A. , Ahmed Randa I. , Fouad Samar A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Shisha smoking is a common practice among the population in Arabic countries.
Shisha smoking has a negative effect on lung function; it is probably one of the causes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective
Detection of COPD among Shisha Smokers in the Fayoum Governorate.

Design
Prospective study.

Setting
Fayoum University Hospital in Egypt between 2016 and 2017.

Patients and methods
Of the 300 participants, 200 were shisha smokers for more than 20 years or their age above 40 years and 100 of them were nonsmoker volunteers. History of smoking was taken from the patients with recording of the COPD assessment score and then general and local examination was done followed by flow volume loop and finally by a chest radiography (posteroanterior view).

Statistical analysis: case–control study
Coding of the data was done and then entered with SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) version number 24. After that data was summarized using mean, SD, median, minimum and maximum in the quantitative data with using frequency (count) and relative frequency (percentage) for categorization of data.

Results
Out of the 300 male patients included in this study 51% has obstructive airway disease and 19% had restrictive airway disease.
The mean age was 56.20±10.98 years. Number of hagars smoked by the COPD patients were 10.82±9.88 hagars per day with a duration of smoking of 24.87±12.36 years.

Conclusion
Shisha smoking increases the risk of COPD and this risk increases with the increase in the duration of smoking and number of hagar smoked was the conclusion of the study.
Workplace pulmonary tuberculosis case detection in Mansoura City and neighborhood villages
Authors: Hadidy Samah S. El , El-Bestar Sohair F. , Kamel Emily A. , Shalabi Nesrein M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Context
Tuberculosis (TB) represents a high burden in workplaces. Aims Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect pulmonary TB cases in the workplace and assess the associated risk factors. Settings and design This cross section study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2013. This study included 253 participants recruited from Mansoura City and neighborhood villages Dakahlia Governorate. The catchment areas and occupational categories were determined according to a 1-year retrospective study reviewing hospital records.

Participants and methods
All participants were subjected to the following: (a) assessment of sociodemographic data, occupational data, and risk factors for TB. (b) Clinical examination. (c) Screening by chest radiography, the tuberculin skin test, and sputum Ziehl–Neelsen stain. (d) Assessment of knowledge of TB. Data were analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences, version 15. Qualitative data were presented as number and percentage. Comparison between groups was carried out using the χ2-test.

Results
Most participants were younger than 35 years of age, men, smokers, married, and with low educational and monthly income. Silica-related occupations were the most common. History of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination was not found among TB participants and was found in only 8.9% of non-TB participants. The majority of participants reported 8 working hours with no use of protective tools. The TB participants had significantly lower knowledge scores than nontuberculous participants. A total of 136 out of 148 participants had a positive tuberculin skin test. Chest radiography indicated an abnormality in six out of 253 participants and five of these were positive for sputum Ziehl–Neelsen.

Conclusion
TB screening in workplaces is mandatory because it can identify asymptomatic cases with active TB. A poor knowledge score may be considered a risk factor for TB infection in the workplace.
Impact of a designed educational program on elderly patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Hasan Ali A. , Ali Anwar M. , Sharkawy Soad A. , Abozeid Hanan A. , Labieb Martha M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Bronchoscopy is a frequently required procedure in the elderly due to the high prevalence of pulmonary diseases. Bronchoscopy is associated with fears, stress, and anxiety.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of an educational program on patient knowledge, anxiety level, difficulties, duration, and complications of bronchoscopy procedure in elderly patients.

Patient and methods
One hundred and fifty patients aged 60 years and older candidates for bronchoscopy were included. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: 75 patients received educational guideline (study group); 75 patients did not receive educational guideline (control group). Patient knowledge about bronchoscopy and anxiety level were assessed. The esigned educational program was applied to the study group on the day before the procedure. It included brochures with simple and brief instructions and pictures about bronchoscopy in Arabic language. It also includes the structure of the respiratory system, definition, indications and complications of bronchoscopy, patient preparation before, during and after the procedure, and patient’s precautions that should be taken during and after bronchoscopy.

Results
There were insufficient knowledge and high anxiety scale about bronchoscopy. Knowledge score significantly increased and anxiety scale significantly decreased after providing the patients with educational program (P<0.001 for each). There was significant reduction in the duration of bronchoscopy procedure and the amount of anaesthesia used in the study than in the control group (P<0.001). Difficulties and discomfort were significantly lower in the study group.

Conclusion
Besides improving knowledge and reducing anxiety score, implementing the designed educational program increases tolerability, easiness and decrease problems related to bronchoscopy.
Neighbours affect each other; pulmonary affection after cardiac surgery
Authors: Elkolaly Reham M. , Sabry Mohab , Abo-Elnasr Mohamed , Arafat Amr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Lungs and heart are in close relation all the time; they affect each other. Pulmonary complications due to cardiac surgeries may alter the surgery outcome and patient survival.

Aim
The aim of this study was to report the most frequent respiratory complications after cardiac surgeries.

Materials and methods
The study included 22 patients (group 1) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 56 patients (group 2) who underwent valve replacement surgery. Preoperative and postoperative investigations such as chest radiology, spirometric lung functions and PaO2/FiO2 were performed. Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, atelectasis, wound infection or sternal dehiscence were reported.

Results
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, atelectasis, and sternal wound infection in group 1 were found among 81.81, 4.55, 9.10, 31.82, 86.36 and 18.18% of the included patients, respectively, whereas in group 2 they were found among 33.93, 0, 0, 35.71, 64.29 and 10.71%, respectively.

Conclusion
Complications after cardiac surgeries are common and precautions must be taken to decrease them and to improve outcome.
Unilateral lung hyperlucency in an adult: an unusual cause
Authors: Kodan Parul , Das Abanti , Vyas Surabhi , Ray Animesh , Sharma Surinder K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report a case of young adult with unilateral lung hyperlucency. His radiological features were suggestive of Swyer–James syndrome. The condition is uncommon in adults. We report this rare case with discussion on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Swyer–James syndrome. The report also throws light on various other causes of unilateral lung hyperlucency and its approach.
The association between the serum total cortisol as an adrenal response biomarker and severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Khalil Magdy M. , Maher Maram M. , Abd Al-Kader Maryam A. , Kamal Eman S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The serum total cortisol is a biomarker to adrenal response in stressful conditions including infection. This study aims to estimate the serum total cortisol level in severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to study its relation to the severity of illness.

Patients and methods
The study included 50 patients, who with severe CAP were admitted to the ICU of National Institute of Chest Diseases (Embaba), and 20 healthy adults as the control. Ethical approval done by ASU ethical approval team as the paper was taken from masters thesis. The severity of CAP was estimated using pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB65 scores. The two groups were subjected to the estimation of serum total cortisol level (8 a.m.) by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Results
Serum total cortisol level significantly increased in the patient group than in the control group (20.356±11.198 and 15.070±1.384 μg/dl, respectively). Serum total cortisol level was positively correlated with PSI but not with CURB65 score.

Conclusion
Severe CAP is associated with increased serum total cortisol level compared to normal. Serum total cortisol level was positively correlated with the disease severity as estimated by PSI.
The utility of integrating basic echocardiography in routine respiratory intensive care practice
Authors: Khalil Magdy M. , El-Shahid Ghada S. , Galal Iman H. E. , El-Maraghy Ashraf A. , Mahmoud Hanan H. I. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of integrating basic echocardiography in routine assessment of patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit and to assess its effect on the outcome of those patients.

Patients and methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was performed upon 300 patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit between January 2015 and December 2015 at Abbasia Chest Hospital. Baseline bedside scanning of patients on admission by portable echo machine for basic echocardiography was reviewed by an experienced cardiologist in all cases as gold standard. Basic echocardiography was done to assess the pericardium, left and right ventricular size and function, valvular lesions, and inferior vena cava. Limited compression ultrasonography was done to detect lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT).

Results
Basic echocardiography showed that 91/300 (30.3%) patients had normal echocardiogram, whereas 209/300 (69.7%) patients had cardiac abnormalities. Basic echocardiography added unsuspected serious conditions to the diagnosis in 33 (11%) patients; five patients with massive pericardial effusion, 22 patients who required inotropics due to dilated cardiomyopathy in 11 patients and ischemic cardiomyopathy in 11 patients, five patients with DVT, and one patient with aortic aneurysm. In addition to this, basic echocardiography confirmed suspected massive pulmonary embolism in seven patients and DVT in 13 patients. Basic echo was able to read the whole finding data as compared to standard echo, with mean sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of 93, 97, 97, 98, and 98%, respectively, except for probable incompetent and probable normal tricuspid valve; the standard echo had the upper hand (P<0.0001).

Conclusion
Basic echocardiography in critically ill patients can readily provide adequate information to get a successful diagnosis and management, especially in life-threatening conditions that can be missed at the primary assessment.
Role of chest ultrasonography in assessment of diaphragmatic mobility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients on pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Saeed Adel M. , El-Azeim Nermine Abd , Gomaa Ashraf A. , Yousef Yahia R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects all skeletal muscles including the diaphragm as an extra pulmonary complication. Diaphragmatic mobility improves by pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Chest ultrasound can be used in assessment of diaphragmatic mobility.

Aim
Evaluation of chest ultrasound as a simple, noninvasive tool in assessment of diaphragmatic mobility in COPD patients undergoing PR and its correlation with maximal inspiratory pressure (Pi MAX), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease questionnaire (CCQ).

Patients and methods
This study was conducted upon 30 COPD male patients aged 54.50±8.81 years old. All patients were recruited in to a PR program including 16 sessions over 8 weeks. The program included upper limb exercise, lower limb exercise and inspiratory muscle training. Baseline spirometry, Pi MAX, modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, CCQ, 6MWT and sonographic assessment of diaphragmatic excursion and thickness were done. Follow-up sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm, CCQ and mMRC every 2 weeks were done. Re-evaluation after the program by the same baseline parameters was done.

Results
There was statistically significant improvement in diaphragmatic excursion and thickness after PR program as evidenced by chest ultrasound. There was also significant functional improvement evidenced by 6MWT and Pi MAX. Also, there was significant improvement in mMRC and CCQ, but PR did not significantly affect spirometric parameters as forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)%, FEV1 value in liter or FEV1/forced vital capacity.

Conclusion
Chest ultrasound is a beneficial tool in diaphragmatic assessment in COPD patients undergoing PR.
Broncial stump aspergillosis, an unusual cause of hemoptysis, and review of the literature
Authors: Maskey Dipesh , Agrawal Ritesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAspergillus species are ubiquitous dimorphic molds found in an environment. of the 250 species, few of them are pathogenic to human and can cause various lung involvements, tracheobronchial being one of the variant. Bronchial stumps and anastomosis are prone for fungal infection and can present with cough, hemoptysis, central airway obstruction and bronchopleural fistula with its highest incidence in patients with lung transplantation. Its occurrence in other types of lung surgery is very rare and 20 cases have been described in English medical literature till date since first published in 1969. We present a case of recurrent hemoptysis caused by bronchial stump aspergillosis, first reporting from India, and systematically analyze the literature for all the reported cases of bronchial stump and anastomosis aspergillosis in patients with lung surgery other than transplantation.
The role of sclerostin in knee osteoarthritis and its relation to disease progression
Authors: Eldin Amina B. , Mohamed Elham S. , EL Zahraa Hassan Fatma 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease especially in aging population and is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and subsequent joint space narrowing. Sclerostin, a protein product of the SOST gene, secreted mainly by osteocytes causes inhibition of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway and bone morphogenetic protein, therefore may affect bone formation and bone remodeling in OA.

Aim
The aim was to assess serum sclerostin level in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its relation to disease severity.

Patients and methods
A total of 80 participants (50 KOA patients and 30 healthy controls) were recruited in the present study. Sclerostin level in plasma was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OA grading was performed using the Kellgren–Lawrence classification. Assessment of physical disability was done by Western Ontario and McMaster universities Arthritis index score and health assessment questionnaire score.

Results
Plasma sclerostin levels were significantly lower in patients with OA than in healthy controls (P<0.001). Moreover, serum sclerostin level demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with the physical disability score (r=−0.506, P<0.01), age (r=−0.295, P<0.01), disease duration (P<0.05), and radiographic severity of KOA (P<0.001). By univariate regression analysis, sclerostin was one of the strong negative predictors for severity of OA.

Conclusion
Sclerostin was significantly lower in OA plasma samples when compared with healthy controls. Serum sclerostin level was inversely associated with the physical disability and radiographic severity of KOA. Therefore, sclerostin may be used as a biochemical marker for reflecting disease severity in primary KOA.
The role of interleukin-19 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Elhefnawy Khaled A. , Salah Ahmed M. , Elsaid Hanaa H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the establishment of arteriolosclerosis and kidney injury. Inflammatory cytokines are involved in the development of microvascular diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Interleukin-19 (IL-19) has vital functions in many inflammatory processes and also can induce the angiogenesis of endothelial cells.

Objective
To investigate the role of IL-19 in the development of DN.

Patients and methods
A total of 112 participants were included and classified into four main groups: group I was the control group, which included 28 age-matched and sex-matched persons; group II included 28 patients with type 2 diabetes without nephropathy (normoalbuminuria); group III included 28 patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy (microalbuminuria); and group IV included 28 patient with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy (macroalbuminuria). All participants were subjected to complete blood count, complete urine analysis, fasting and random blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and urea, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), lipid profile, and serum IL-19 level assays.

Results
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum IL-19 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with controls. IL-19 levels were significantly positively correlated with serum creatinine, ACR, UAE, HbA1c, and CRP. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that IL-19 levels were independently associated with patients with DN.

Conclusion
IL-19 levels were elevated in patients with DN and were positively correlated with ACR, UAE, HbA1c, and CRP. IL-19 may play an important role that contributes to the progression of DN.
Thyroid dysfunction in obese adults in relation to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Abdel-Moez Fatema Abu Bakr , Mohamed Ghada A. , Abbas Wael A. , Abozaid Mohamed A. A. , Mohammed Shymaa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Hormones of the thyroid gland play an important role in the regulation of various metabolic processes. Disturbances in thyroid hormone concentrations may lead to hyperlipidemia and obesity, thus contributing to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Aim
To evaluate thyroid dysfunction and determine its possible relationship to NAFLD in obese adults.

Patients and methods
Our cross-sectional study recruited 100 obese patients, who were subjected to full medical history, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, and routine laboratory tests in addition to liver function and thyroid function tests. NAFLD was recognized on the basis of ultrasonographic findings, and in the absence of other causes of liver disease.

Results
The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (65 patients) with NAFLD and group 2 (35 patients) without NAFLD. Out of 100 patients recruited into the study, the most common thyroid dysfunction was overt hypothyroidism (22%), followed by (9%) subclinical hypothyroidism. Twenty-six (40%) patients with NAFLD were found to have thyroid dysfunction, of them eight (12.3%) NAFLD patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 18 (27.7%) NAFLD patients had overt hypothyroidism. Although prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (whether overt hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism) was 22 and 9%, respectively, among patients with obesity, there was nonsignificant positive correlation between BMI and thyroid-stimulating hormone (r=0.051 and P=0.612). Multivariate regression analysis showed that fatty liver, obesity index, and dyslipedemia were predictors of thyroid dysfunction in obese patients.

Conclusion
Thyroid hypofunction is common in obese patients with NAFLD, which has implications for screening for hypothyroidism in patients with NAFLD and for the administration of appropriate therapy for hypothyroidism.
Ultrasonographic abnormalities of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints in a cohort of Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shedid Noha H. , Hafez Eman A. , Akram Safa A. , Sakr Hossam M. , Mohamed Elham S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and autoantibodies, affecting different organs. Musculoskeletal manifestations are one of the most common manifestations in SLE, usually nonerosive and nondeforming. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) can detect synovial inflammation and structural damage lesions.

Aim
The aim was to detect ultrasound abnormalities of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in a cohort of Egyptian patients with SLE and their relation to disease activity.

Patients and methods
A total of 80 female patients with SLE and 10 age-matched apparently healthy controls were enrolled. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were done for all patients. US examinations of both wrists and second to fifth MCP joints were done for all participants. Patients were divided according to clinical and US assessments.

Results
US detected synovitis of MCPs and/or wrist in 63.75% patients compared with 10% of healthy control (P<0.01). Synovitis was identified in most of the patients with SLE who had hand arthralgia when compared with patients without (P<0.01). Conversely, 18.3% of patients had wrist joints tenderness on physical examination with no sonographic abnormalities. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score and dsDNA antibodies were associated with the presence of synovitis.

Conclusion
US is a valuable tool for assessment of joints in patients with SLE. It helps in detection of inflammation when compared with clinical examination and monitoring disease activity.