bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of stone density on the total laser time and other surgical outcomes in flexible ureteroscopy
Authors: Rashid Aso Omer , Mahmood Sarwar Noori , Ismaiel Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Several preoperative factors are assessed for the evaluation of operative time and fragmentation efficacy during retrograde intrarenal surgery. Due to limited energy capabilities, stone density is regarded as an important factor contributing to procedural time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of stone density on the total laser time (TLT) in lithotripsy. A total of 52 patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) using the Cyber Ho 60 holmium laser system (Quanta System) from October 2017 to November 2020 were prospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into groups according to their stone attenuation values (Hounsfield units [HU]) and were followed up for 3 months to determine the success of stone clearance. Differences in the TLT, patient demographics, stone characteristics, intraoperative maneuvers, and complications were analyzed. The mean stone size and density were 14.44 mm and 1043 HU, respectively. Furthermore, the mean TLT was 26.58 min, whereas the mean operative time was 41.44 min. The TLT did not significantly differ between stones with attenuation > 1000 HU and those with attenuation < 1000 HU (p = 0.486). Stones measuring > 13 mm in size required considerably longer TLT than their smaller counterparts (p = 0.008). In conclusion, in the era of rapid laser technology and instrumental developments, our findings suggest that stone density has no value on the outcomes of fURS, including the TLT, stone-free rate, and overall complications, whereas stone size significantly influences the TLT and stone-free rate.
The index sAGP is valuable for distinguishing atypical hepatocellular carcinoma from atypical benign focal hepatic lesions
Authors: Luo Qing-Qing , Cai Dan , Jiang Song , Liu Shao-Song , Liu Mao-Sheng , Lv Cong , Li Qiao-Nan , Wang Jin-Ke , Wang Ting , Zhang Kun-He 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
The differential diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) and atypical benign focal hepatic lesions (aBFHL) usually depends on pathology. This study aimed to develop non-invasive approaches based on conventional blood indicators for the differential diagnosis of aHCC and aBFHL.
Methods
Hospitalized patients with pathologically confirmed focal hepatic lesions and their clinical data were retrospectively collected, in which patients with HCC with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels of ≤ 200 ng/mL and atypical imaging features were designated as the aHCC group (n = 224), and patients with benign focal hepatic lesions without typical imaging features were designated as the aBFHL group (n = 178). The performance of indexes (both previously reported and newly constructed) derived from conventional blood indicators by four mathematic operations in distinguishing aHCC and aBFHL was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic validity metrics.
Results
Among previously reported derived indexes, the index GPR, the ratio of γ-glutamyltransferase(GGT) to platelet (PLT), showed the best performance in distinguishing aHCC from aBFHL with the area under ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.853 (95% CI 0.814-0.892), but the other indexes were of little value (AUROCs from 0.531 to 0.700). A new derived index, sAGP [(sAFP+sGGT)/sPLT], was developed using standardized three conventional blood indicators and exhibited AUROCs of 0.905, 0.894, 0.891, 0.925, and 0.862 in differentiating overall, BCLC stage 0/A, TNM stage I, small, and AFP-negative aHCC from aBFHL, respectively.
Conclusion
The sAGP index is an efficient, simple and practical metric for the non-invasive differentiation of aHCC from aBFHL.
Design of an Adaptive Auto-tuned Proportional-Integral (PI) Adaptive MPPT Controller for a Solar Photovoltaic System
Authors: Maddikari Jagadeshwar , Das Dushmanta Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

To improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system, maximum power extraction from the solar panel is needed. There will be a particular voltage (V mpp) at which a solar panel generates maximum power in any changing environmental conditions. This voltage must be precisely tracked online in order for the solar panel to perform at maximum efficiency. This study demonstrates how to reliably track this voltage. The power-voltage (P-V) properties of the solar panel alter when the sun irradiation changes. Using these differences in the characteristic P-V curve, the V mpp is obtained. The recursive least squares (RLS) estimate method is used to find the polynomial P-V characteristic curve parameters. The maximum point of the curve is calculated using Newton’s Raphson method (NRM) as V mpp. A boost converter is used to operate the solar panel at V mpp. To successfully implement the control action, an auto tuned proportional integral (PI) maximum point controller is presented.
Visible and Thermal Infrared Light Target Tracking via Multi-Adapter Network with Feature-Wise-Transformations
Authors: Zheng Hang , Yuan Nangezi , Ding Hongwei , Yang Zhijun , Hu Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Existing deep learning-based RGBT target tracking algorithms focus on extracting the features of each modal image separately by using the same CNN model, and then stitching the extracted features to achieve the fusion of multimodal data. However, the reliability of single-modal visible light images and infrared light images will degrades with time shift, and when one of the modal data is unreliable, the related operations of feature extraction and fusion of the two modal data tend to introduce discriminative information that impairs tracking robustness, and makes it easy to lose the initial target in long-time tracking. To this end, we design a Feature-wise transformations network for feature modulation for RGBT target tracking to ensure that the information fusion between the two modalities is as complementary as possible to the strengths of the multimodal data. Most of the existing RGBT tracking algorithms focus on the fusion of multimodal information, and the selection of the target frame mainly depends on the classification confidence of classifying the object as the target or background. Due to the classification confidence and the localization confidence may not match, it is easy to cause inaccurate target localization. In order to improve the localization accuracy of the tracking process, we optimize the instance adapter in the MANet al.gorithm with a new method of updating the classification confidence based on the sample box with the highest localization confidence, and design a new method of updating the localization confidence based on the sample box with the highest classification confidence to obtain the final candidate sample box for bounding box regression. The three improvements are applied to the MANet al.gorithm to construct a new RGBT target tracking network, and the test results on three benchmark datasets of RGBT target tracking show that our improvements are effective in improving the accuracy and success rate of the tracker.
Lung Cancer Cell Detection by a MoS 2 Biosensing Chip
Authors: Lai Chun-Liang , Karmakar Riya , Mukundan Arvind , Chen Wei-Chung , Wu I-Chen , Fedorov Vladimir E. , Feng Shih-Wei , Huang Shu-Fang , Wang Hsiang-Chen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, a biosensor chip was fabricated using MoS2, which is used to detect and analyze the level of cancerization in lung cancer cells. Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for over 10 million deaths in 2022, or roughly one death in every six patients. Consequently, society places a high value on cancer prevention and treatment methods. Thus, developing the quickest method to detect cancer and provide correct analytical information for the clinic at an early stage of cancer is very important. It has constantly been the focus of reciprocal relationships and collaborative efforts between the academic and medical sectors. The MoS2 thin film was grown on the light-absorbing layer substrate of silicon-based solar elements through chemical vapor deposition and combined with a self-designed serrated interdigitated electrode (SIE) through the carrier transport mechanism of photogenerated charges. The three types of lung cancer cell clinical samples—CL1, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520 cell lines were subjected to photoelectric flow measurement. The experimental results showed that the R-Square of the linear fitting curve was approximately 98%. In addition, the device was enhanced by 38% when a double-layer MoS2 film was added. GSSGs reaction analysis can be further enhanced.
Febrile seizure in infants underlies endophenotypes of autism spectrum disorder in rats
Authors: Yu Yeon Hee , Kim Seong-Wook , Im Hyuna , Lee Yu Ran , Kim Gun Woo , Ryu Seongho , Park Dae-Kyoon , Kim Duk-Soo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Febrile seizure (FS), which occurs as a response to fever, is the most common seizure that occurs in infants and young children. FS is usually accompanied by diverse neuropsychiatric symptoms including impaired social behaviors; however, no causative link between FS and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has yet been established. Here, we provide evidence linking FS occurrence with ASD pathogenesis in rats.
Methods
We inducted febrile seizures through a mercury vapor lamp using infantile rats (postnatal 11 days). At 3 and 12 weeks after FS induction, we examined behavioral tests and immunostaining to identify the association of ASD-like phenotype development with inflammatory damage.
Results
We developed an FS juvenile rats model and found ASD-like abnormal behaviors including deficits in social novelty, repetitive behaviors, and hyperlocomotion. In addition, FS model juvenile rats showed enhanced levels of gliosis and inflammation in the hippocampal CA2 region and cerebellum. Furthermore, abnormal levels of social and repetitive behaviors persisted in adults FS model rats.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that occurrence of FS in infants can cause behavioral endophenotypes of ASD.
GIMPF: Graph Interactive Multivariate Prediction Fusion for Few-shot Learning of Object Detectors
Authors: Meng Xiaoyan , Zhang Guoliang , Xu Tao , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Few-shot learning raises problems like supervisory collapse due to class imbalance and pseudo-labels unreliability, which seriously hinder the performance improvement of few-shot object detection. To solve the above problems, the paper proposed a model of few-shot object detection based on graph interaction multivariate prediction fusion. Firstly, the feature extraction network with a semantic attention mechanism is designed to adaptively adjust the new class features so that to obtain high-quality new classes pseudo-labels. Second, visual features are converted into graphical features by constructing graph interaction mechanisms using implicit relationships between objects to optimize and improve the accuracy of pseudo-labels. Finally, the multi-classifier object detection mechanism is used to achieve accurate classification and localization of few-shot objects. The simulation was designed to validate the performance of the proposed model in the MS-COCO dataset and PASCAL VOC dataset and compare it with existing state-of-the-art and representative models. The experiments prove that the detection results of the proposed model in this paper outperform other models in terms of visual effects and objective data.
Utilizing a homemade handheld magnetometer to sense nanotesla magnetic fields
Authors: Chen First Liying , Huang Second Kun , Jiang Third Jinlong , Yan Fourth Shinong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solid-state sensors that make advantage of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers of diamonds are a desirable option for a sensing platform because of their high sensitivity,spatial resolution, and accuracy.These sensors have been developed in bulky laboratory-based forms, but for use in practical applications, a small, portable sensor that can operate in a variety of environmental conditions is needed.The diamond NV magnetic field sensor shown here is one of the inventions we made.Using a 3D copper mold to entirely enclose the diamond,the fluorescence collection efficiency was actually raised in the 4.2cm 3 device volume, showing that the copper mold inner film may indeed boost the fluorescence collecting efficiency. The experimental comparison revealed that the FWEC has 1.2 times more contrast than the fluorescence microscope system. In addition, the contrast was 2.5 times higher than that of the two-dimensional quantum magnetometer system .The sensor has a sensitivity of less than 30nT/ √ Hz over a bandwidth of 10 Hz.By maximizing the coupling of 532 nm pump light, the diamond is sliced at the Brewster angle,which enables us to effectively capture fluorescence using an optical filter and diode in close proximity to the diamond.The goal of this study is to determine whether it is possible to use this adaptive approach to obtain sub − nT/ √ Hzshot noise constrained sensitivity,which is ideal for detecting a 1 variety of low-level magnetic fields, including those produced by biological sources and electrical power systems.
High-dimensional anticounterfeiting nanodiamonds authenticated with deep metric learning
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Yu Xin , Zhang Tongtong , Hou Yong , Lei Dangyuan , Qi Xiaojuan , Chu Zhiqin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Physical unclonable function (PUF) labels have emerged as a promising candidate for achieving unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Despite their significant progress, two challenges for developing practical PUF systems remain, namely 1) fairly few high-dimensional encoded labels with excellent material properties, and 2) existing authentication methods with poor noise tolerance or inapplicability to untrained labels. Herein, we employ the linear polarization modulation of randomly distributed fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) to demonstrate, for the first time, three-dimensional encoding for diamond-based labels. Briefly, our 3D encoding scheme provides digitized images with an encoding capacity of 109771 and high distinguishability under a short readout time of 7.5 s. The ultrahigh photostability and inertness of FNDs endow our labels with high reproducibility and long-term stability. To address the second challenge, we employ a deep metric learning algorithm to develop a novel authentication methodology that computes the similarity of deep features of digitized images, exhibiting a superior noise tolerance than the classical point-by-point comparison method. Meanwhile, it overcomes the key limitation of existing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven classification-based methods, i.e., inapplicability to untrained PUF labels. Considering the high performance of both FND PUF labels and deep metric learning authentication, our work paves the way for developing practical PUF anticounterfeiting systems.
SARS-CoV-2 CQ.1 and CQ.1.1 lineage isolates: 100% synonymous base substitution at furin arginine CGG–CGG codons
Authors: Romeu Antonio R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The SARS‐CoV2 spike glycoprotin S1/S2 junction not only has no analogy in other becoronaviruses, including neither the Laos closest known relatives, but also it has two arginine codons CGG–CGG, whose usage is extremely rare in coronaviruses. The 12-nt SARS-CoV-2 S gene insert having that CGG–CGG genetic footprint 100% match to several human mRNA RefSeq transcripts which are located in exons of ubiquitous and highly expressed genes or specific genes of target human tissues of virus infection. An hypothesis for the probable human origin of the S1/S2 junction polybasic motif (originally PRRA) includes that it has been acquired by recombination between the genome of a SARS-CoV-2 progenitor and mRNA transcripts within human infected cells. Since the furin arginine pair is essential for virus infection to human cells and arginine has six codons SARS-CoV-2 can optimize the CGG–CGG codons. Here I show that in a sample of the available GISAID SARS-CoV-2 CQ.1 (516) and CQ.1.1 (117) lineage isolates the 100% of them showed synonymous base substitution at this position. The CGG–CGG footrprint to have changed to CGT–CGG. The location of the CQ.1 lineage isolates was: Asia 8.30% (45 isolates), Europe 76.57% (415), North America 6.64% (36), Oceania 8.30% (45) and South America 0.18% (1). That of CQ.1.1 lineage isolates was: Europe 45.6% (57) and North America 54.4 (68). Based on NCBI Virus database SARS-CoV-2 lineages associated to spike glycoprotein sequences I created a SARS-CoV-2 lineage ranking the from earliest CQ.1 date (August 30, 2022) up to date. Of 418,257 records, there were 1,165 distinct lineages. Ranking positions for CQ.1 and CQ.1.1 lineages were 582 and 506, respectivaly, both in the second quartile. These results coincide with those obtained previosly in SARS-CoV-2 CQ.2 and EE.2 lineage isolates. Everything points to that through evolution SARS-CoV-2 adapts the extremely rare CGG–CGG footprint to its own genomic parameters, thereby also erasing an evidence on its origin.
Anthropogenic deterioration over the past 753 years in the Western Ghats of southern India's Honnamanakere Lake
Authors: Mir Ishfaq Ahmad , Jaiswal Jooly , Bhattacharya Anindya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Understanding historical pollution is essential since anthropogenic contamination is destroying the Western Ghats' delicate ecosystem. The paleotoxicity in Honnamanakere Lake, southern India, is explored using a sediment core that has been radiocarbon dated and spans the last 753 years. With the exception of Ni, the core's Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg contents rise from bottom to top. According to multivariate statistics, the sources of Cr, Cu, and Zn are agrochemical; the sources of Pb and Hg are atmospheric emissions; and the sources of Ni are mixed. From the bottom to the top of the core, the geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor both rise. The most serious threat to the water body comes from Cr and Ni, which are greatly enriched and highly contaminated. The toxic risk indices for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Hg indicate negligible toxic risk, low toxic risk for Cr, and moderate toxic risk for Ni. The water body and its biota are at a 49% hazardous risk from heavy metals, according to the mean probable-effects-levels quotient. Heavy metal enrichment, accumulation, and toxic risks have increased in the sediment core during the past 300 years, coinciding with the anthropogenic Industrial age.
The velocity of light change, caused by the relative velocity between the observer and light
Authors: Kim Teak , Kim Teak , Chang Jae 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aims to experimentally verify the principle of constant velocity of light and Galilean
relativity. Special relativity states that the velocity of light is constant to all observers, but there
has been no study that had experimentally verified the principle of constant velocity of light as
the velocity of the light source increases with respect to the observer. This paper aims to
experimentally verify the principle of a constant velocity of light by using the velocity of the
image data signal sent by Voyager 1 to Earth.

The experiment is performed by dividing the distance of the light path between Voyager 1 and
Earth by the delay time for the signal from Voyager 1 to reach Earth. If the principle of the
velocity of light is correct, the velocity of the signal will be the same as the velocity of light in the
vacuum. But if Galilean relativity is correct, the velocity of the signal will be the velocity of light
minus the velocity of Voyager 1.

Analyzing the velocity of the signal shows that the velocity of the signal does not match the
velocity of light in the vacuum. Furthermore, the velocity of the signal decreases in inverse
proportion to the increase in the velocity of Voyager 1, suggesting that the velocity of Voyager 1
affects the velocity of light.

This phenomenon can be an example of Galilean relativity being applied to the velocity of light.
Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Knowledge of Women: A Cross- Sectional Study among the women experienced abortion in urban slums, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Billah Md Arif , Koly Kamrun Nahar , Begum Farzana , Naima Shakera , Sultana Quazi Suraiya , Sarker Tithi Rani , Mustary Elvina , Haque Md. Mahbubul , Reidpath Daniel , Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Women in urban slums were particularly susceptible due to a lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and abortion was frequently performed. In this study, reproductive-aged women who have had abortions and lived in urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh, are evaluated for their level of SRHR knowledge and its predictors.
Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional survey among the reproductive aged women experienced any sorts of abortion from July 2020 to January 2022 living in the UHDSS sites, applying a predefined interviewer assisted survey questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (i.e., mean, standard error, and 95% confidence interval (CI)) for continuous and percentage distribution for categorical variables. Bi-variate analysis was used to look for associations. After checking the assumptions, multinomial regression analysis was used to confirm the determinants with 95% CIs.
Results: Total of 338 women were participated (221 spontaneous abortion and 117 induced abortion) with average age of 26.59 ±0.355, first age at marriage 16.69 ±0.173, and marital length of 9.45 ±0.386. Except for the use of emergency contraceptives (32%), many women correctly identified condom effectiveness for preventing pregnancy (89%), STDs and HIV/AIDS prevention (79-80%), and abortion (98%). 34 to 64% of them experienced stigmas attached to sexually explicit items. Few of them knew about abortion complications (9 to 57%), with the exception of bleeding associated with abortion (91.7%). Overall, ¾ women lacked sufficient SRH knowledge, with a mean score of 58.28 (95% CI: 56.70, 59.87), which was slightly higher for women who had spontaneous abortions 58.90 (95% CI: 57.02, 60.78) and lower for women who had induced abortions 57.69 (95% CI: 54.94, 60.45). Women who were older (p <0.05), had a higher education (p <0.01), and received post-abortion family planning counseling (p< 0.001) had adequate SRH knowledge.
Conclusion: Our findings can be used in the abortion policies and strategies for vulnerable women and we recommend an intervention of increase awareness and knowledge on SRH is essential for those women to achieve the maternal reproductive health parameters.