bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Reactivation of Hepatitis B in Co-Infected HB V/HCV Patients Treated with Regiments of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir with or without Ribavirin
Authors: Mohamed Azza Emam , Kaiser Hany Harron , el hamid Ghait Ramy Samir Abd , Al-Basry Fatma Moustafa Abdien 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
HCV management was dramatically changed by the recent advent of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, where DAA regimens are associated with a sustained virological response (SVR) rate of &gt; 90–95% and are considered safe; nevertheless, a few complications have been reported including reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the incidence of re activation of HBV among patients treated by sof/dac with or without RBV

Patients and Methods
This study was held in out in centers for treatment of HCV in –Ain- Shams University Hospital and Aswan Fever Hospital from May 2019 to October 2020., All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, abdominal ultrasound, laboratory investigations (CBC, liver function, HCV Ab, HBsAg, HBV eAg PCR for HCV RNAand PCR for HBV DNA. All patients were positive for HCVAb, HCV PCR, HBVsAg with HBV DNA less than 2000IU/ML and negative for HBVeAg. This study was conducted on 90 patients who were selected according to National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis (NCCVH) protocol were divided according to treatment protocol into two groups.

Results
In our study, 57% of cases aged &lt; 50 years, 33% aged &gt; 50 years, and 61% were males and 39% were females; In the present study, there were 23 patients were smokers,16 patients were diabetics and 21 patients were hypertensives. All treated patients were negative PCR for HCV RNA at week 12 with 100% (SVR12)response in all treated patients which is still negative till end of treatment and 12 week after end of treatment (SVR 24), AS regard HBV DNA, no statistically significant difference was found at the beginning, at the end of 12 weeks, and at the end of 24 week of treatment by DAAs (p-value &gt; 0.05), except for one patient who was treated with SOF/DAC/RBV. This patient, with compensated cirrhosis at baseline, developed fatigue and anorexia at week 12, with HBV reactivation (HBV DNA levels increased from245 IU/mL at baseline to 532000IU/mL), after which entecavir was added to the SOF/RBV regimen. This patient did not show significant increase in ALT level.

Conclusion
Our study confirmed the importance of screening for HBV in patients undergoing DAA therapy and importance of follow. For those for positive HBsAg, to avoid HBV reactivation and particularly HBV-related hepatitis. Our study limits the benefit of systematic nucleoside analogue prophylaxis for all HBsAg-positive patients. In our Egyptian cohort, for example, if we had followed the EASL recommendation (ie, starting nucleos(t)ide analogue prophylaxis for all 90 HBsAg-positive patients irrespective of their HBV DNA levels at baseline), this could have prevented 1 case of HBV-related reactivation during the course of DAAs, but resulted in overtreatment in the rest of patients
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as a Marker of Disease Activity in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Disease
Authors: El Rhman Hany Ali Hessuin abd , Allam Ahmed Samir , Raafat Khaled Mohammed , El Ghany Ali Maha Ezzat Abd 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease caused by a dysregulated immune response to host intestinal microflora. Although the etiology of IBD remains largely unknown, it involves a complex interaction between the genetic, environmental, or microbial factors and the immune responses.

Aim of the Work
This study will assess the the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of disease activity in patients with Inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients and Methods
A cohort prospective study. The study conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study will take place from August 2020 to February 2021. Our study conducted on 60 Egyptian person over 18 years old visiting the outpatient clinics or admitted in Ain Shams University Hospitals. The study conducted on 40 Egyptian patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Results
The present study revealed a highly significant elevation of serum NGAL in active IBD patients with p-value &lt;0.001 which show direct relationship between the activity and severity of UC and CD disease and serum NGAL was positively correlated with inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR) in UC and CD patients. And there is negative relation between serum hemoglobin and NGAL.

Conclusion
Serum NGAL is a valuable noninvasive marker in the assessment of activity in IBD patients correlated positively with inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR) and markers of disease activity (UCAI and UC histopathology grading in UC patients and clinical CDAI in CD patients). Other studies should be done on larger size of participants to determine the the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of disease activity in patients with Inflammatory bowel disease.
Evaluation of Protein C and Protein S Levels in Covid Patients Compared to Normal Population and Their Relation to Disease Severity
Authors: Fouda Enas Mahmoud , Shafie Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed El , El-Naby Kareem Ahmed Mahmoud Abd , Yousef Mahmoud Mohamed Gamal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a global outbreak starting December 2019 in China. Since then, it caused a global pandemic infecting more than 140 million patients worldwide. The viral transmission happens primarily through direct contact or droplet transmission. However airborne transmission in certain circumstances was demonstrated in multiple studies.

Aim of the Work
Primary Objective: Comparing Protein C & S levels in normal population to patients infected with COVID 19. Secondary Objective: Measuring the correlation of protein C & S levels in plasma & it’s relation to COVID 19 infection severity.

Patients and Methods
This is a case control study measuring Protein C & S levels in patients infected with COVID 19 compared to normal population over a period of six months, to assess their consumption as an anti-thrombotic protein against COVID 19 infection associated state of hypercoagulability. The study included a hundred participant divided into two groups. The first group had sixty patients infected with COVID 19 and the second group had forty normal healthy Egyptian adults.

Results
Our study showed that when comparing the patients blood indices to the controls there was a significant increase in TLC. Regarding the serum chemistry, our study showed that in the patients group the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. For liver enzymes and liver function tests, our study showed that AST, ALT, Alkaline phosphatase, and gamma G. T. all of them are elevated in the Covid 19 patients when compared to the control group.

Conclusion
This study concluded that the level of protein C activity and the level of Protein S activity are both decreased in patients of the Covid 19 when compared to normal population. It also, concluded that the decrease in their levels is in statistical significance relation to the disease severity in the Covid 19 patients. Also, their levels were lower in patients who developed DVT or thrombosis in the Covid 19 infected group. Finally in chronic kidney disease patients only protein C was related to the disease severity not protein S nor D-dimer.
Comparison between Serum Vaspin in Chronic Kidney Disease and with Hepatitis C Virus and Normal Control Group
Authors: Makhlouf Mohamed Ali Maraay , Elessawy Hager Ahmed , Naby Kareem Ahmed Mahmoud Abdel , Mohamed Mai Abdel Azeem Abdel Azeem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease ―CKD|| patients have insulin secretion disorders and resistance to insulin effects, that is responsible for the development of cardiovascular proceedings. Vaspin is an adipcytokine that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism.

Aim and objectives
To compare serum level of Vaspin in Chronic kidney disease& chronic hepatitis C patients group and normal control group.

Subjects and Methods
This study is comparative case - control study, was conducted at in Ain shams university hospitals & El Zaitoun Specialized hospital on patients attending gastroenterology and hepatology clinic and nephrology clinic0.

Result
There was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard vaspin.

Conclusion
Diabetic nephropathy‖ patients presented a significant increased levels of serum Vaspin when compared to levels to control, serum Vaspin are protective roles. Also, vaspin could be used as specific predictors for liver fibrosis in CHC patients with and without diabetes.
Study of Selenium Status in Grave’s Disease Patients
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , Abo-Shadi Manal Mohamed , Marawan Dina Ahmed , El kateb Mai Ahmed Abdel-Maksoud Moustafa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Grave’s disease is one of the common autoimmune diseases, it affects thyroid gland causing hyperthyroidism and goiter. It also affects eyes, and rarely skin and bones. Multiple etiological factors contribute to its pathogenesis as gender, smoking, stress, iodine status, vitamin D level and selenium status. In addition, genetic and immunological factors are also suggested. GD is presented by variety of clinical signs and symptoms including hyperthyroidism picture, goiter, eyes affection (GO), menstrual irregularities, cognitive changes, thyroid acropachy and dermopathy. Its management plan is variable and should be tailored according to each patient’s clinical presentation and personal preference. This may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery, and other supportive measures. Grave’s ophthalmopathy may be a sight- threatening complication of GD. Early detection and management are essential to avoid irreversible damage to eye structure and function. The activity and severity of GO were graded according to many algorithms to help assessment of patient’s case and management plan.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the selenium status in Grave’s disease patients, in comparison to healthy subjects in Egypt.

Patients and Methods
This is a case control study that was conducted on 80 subjects; Group (A): 40 patients diagnosed with GD and Group (B): 40 healthy control subjects at Endocrinology clinic at Ain Shams university hospitals in the period between December 2020 and June 2021. All the included GD patients suffered from GO.

Results
Our study interpreted a statistically significant diagnostic ability of selenoprotein P in detection of Grave’s disease as with 100% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity and a cut off value of ≤ 37.

Conclusion
Our study interpreted that selenoprotein P ―as a marker of selenium status‖ is significantly lower in GD patients. GO activity and severity were not correlated to selenium status. Free T4 can be used for prediction of selenoprotein p level which increased by 1.32 in each unit Free T4 increase.
The Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mohammad Magda Shukry , Abdelsalam Mona Mohamad , Ibrahim Nesma Ali , Eldin Mai Mohamed Salah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, which is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.

The aim of the present work
is to study the prevalence of CAN in diabetic subjects with retinopathy

Methods
Ninety subjects participated in the study. They were classified into three groups (Group I: 30 (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy, Group II: 30 (T2DM) patients without retinopathy, Group III: 30 non diabetic volunteers). All patients were evaluated for detection of CAN (Basal Heart Rate, Supine and erect systolic blood pressure variation, Tilt Table Test), diabetes-related micro vascular complications (retinopathy), micro albuminuria (A/C Ratio).

Results
The prevalence of CAN (using tilt table test) is significantly higher (P = 0.004) in Group I compared to Group II and III. The percentage of positive tilt table test in Group I (43.33%), while in Group II (10%). In Group I, CAN prevalence is higher in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) compared to non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in T2DM, the odds [OR (95% confidence intervals)] of CAN increased with diabetes duration [4.99 (1.46-17.09)], A/C Ratio [9.99(2.41-41.36)].

Conclusion
This study indicated that DR and micro albuminuria could predict CAN. The results suggest that fundus photography and clinical assessment (A/C RATIO) may be an alternative to autonomic function testing when Tilt Table Test is unavailable
Role of Interleukin 6 as Predictive Factor for the Severity of COVID 19
Authors: Elmagid Nanees Ahmed Adel Abd , Riad George Safwat , Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally , Khalifa Mohamed Fayez Abd Elkader 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Covid-19 is a disease with high morbidity and mortality among elderly residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF). During an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the LTCF an effective screening tool is essential to identify the patients at risk for severe disease. Excessive interleukin-6 signaling is a key factor contributing to the cytokine release syndrome implicated in clinical manifestations of COVID-19.

Aim of the Work
To determine the Role of interleukin 6 as predictive factor for the severity of Covid-19.

Patients and Methods
This was Case Control study, conducted at Abassia Fever hospital and El Demerdash University Hospital on 75 participants (50 patients with Covid-19 disease manifestation and 25 controls) during a period of 6 months.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between cases with less than 50% and more than 50% lung affection among mild cases groups as regard serum IL-6.

Conclusion
The concentration of IL-6 &gt; 24 pg/mL at initial assessment predicted the development of hypoxemia requiring hospitalization with excellent sensitivity and good specificity. IL-6 appears as a potential predictor for the development of the severe Covid-19 and might serve for early identification of patients in need of hospitalization. Further studies are needed to evaluate the robustness of the use of IL-6 as an effective screening tool for the severe course of Covid-19.
Serum IL-22 as a Novel Non-Invasive Biomarker in Diagnosis and Assessment of Activity in Ulcerative Colitis Patients
Authors: Farag Sherif Mounir Mohamed , Halima Ahmed Samir Abd El-Sadek Abo , Faheem Heba Ahmed , Kortam Mohamed Sayed Mohamed Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. Mucosal healing is an important predictor of the course of disease and has therefore become the aim of UC treatment. Repeated endoscopies to identify mucosal inflammation are expensive. Interleukin (IL)22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines that was recently discovered to be mainly produced by both adaptive and innate immune cells.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of serum IL-22 as a novel noninvasive biomarker in diagnosis and assessment of activity in ulcerative colitis patients.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study that was conducted on 55 subjects at Ain shams university hospitals inpatients and outpatients settings throughout 6 months. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: Group (A): that included 40 patients with ulcerative colitis: 20 patients in clinical, laboratory and endoscopic remission and 20 patients in clinical, laboratory and endoscopic activity and Group (B) that included15 healthy controls.

Results
Statistical analysis revealed the following: Age ranges from 32_77 years and the mean age was 36 years in this study. Males were affected slightly more than females in our study. NO statistically significant difference found between three groups regarding HB, Total bilirubin, Creatinine and Urea, and there was statistically significant difference found between three groups regarding Platelets and AST, and there was highly statistically significant difference found between three groups regarding Wbcs, ALT, ESR, CRP and Albumin. For Interleukin 22, there was highly statistically significant difference found between three groups. There was highly statistically significant difference found between IL-22 (Pg/ml) and Colonoscopy, and there was statistically significant difference found between IL-22 (Pg/ml) and Histological examination, and there was no statistically significant difference found between IL-22 (Pg/ml) and Extend. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the best cut off point of IL-22 (Pg/ml) to detect Patient group was found &gt; 4.7 with sensitivity of 90.0%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100.0%, NPV of 78.9% and total accuracy of 0.95%.

Conclusion
It is concluded that IL22 is an important marker of ulcerative colitis as it shows significant correlation with endoscopic and histological features, so it can be used instead of these interventions to achieve high satisfaction to patients.
Study of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients
Authors: Eldein Amina Badr , Aly El-Morshedy Nashwa , Teama Mohamed Abdelmoneam , Hassan Mostafa Kamel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by chronic arthritis of the sacroiliac joint and spine with ankylosis and ossification and may be associated with a variety of extra-spinal lesions involving the eye, bowel, and heart.

Objective
To study the cardiovascular manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis in a cohort of Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods
In our study, 40 patients with AS were included; 32 of them were males and 8 females, all fulfilling the ASAS 2009 classification criteria.

Results
By performing ECHO, we found that valvular affection was the commonest findings as we detected TR in (42.5%), AR in (12.5%), MR in (7.5%), and PR in (2.5%) of patients. The second most common finding by ECHO among our studied patients is diastolic dysfunction in (25%) of patients followed by systolic dysfunction in (20%) of patients, intracardiac mass in (5%) and pericardial effusion in (2.5%). Regarding carotid duplex findings 21 patients (52.5%) had abnormal (increased) CIMT.

Conclusion
Cardiovascular system affection among ankylosing spondylitis patients is frequent, whether being clinical or subclinical and it is related in a way to high disease activity. Yet, it is still of question whether this affection is a result of the chronic inflammatory state and lack of activity both resulting from uncontrolled disease only or another multifactorial pathogenesis are coexisting.
Correlation between Severity of Liver Disease According to CHILD & MELD Scores and Degree of Cardiac Impairment
Authors: Nakeeb Noha Abd El- Razek El , Riad George Safwat , Naguib Gina Gamal , Darwish Nahed Abd ElMonem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. The prevalence of cirrhosis has nearly doubled over the last decade, and the number of hospitalizations has similarly increased.

Objective
To detect correlation between severity of liver disease according to Child and MELD scores and degree of cardiac impairment such as systolic and diastolic functions and ECG changes. To elucidate this aim 60 cases were included in the current study.

Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Cross-sectional Study. Study Setting: This study was carried out in El-Demerdash Hospital-Ain Shams University and El-Qabbary Hospital - Alexandria.

Study Period
6 months

Results
In the current study, there was statistically significant increase in age of positive ECG cases than negative ECG cases; also the percentage of males in positive ECG cases was found higher than those of negative ECG cases. There was statistically significant increase in child B and C in positive ECG group than negative ECG group. There was statistically significant increase in the level of Meld score, T. bilirubin and D. bilirubin in positive ECG group than negative ECG group; and statistically significant decrease in the level of albumin and NA in positive ECG group than negative ECG group. That there was statistically significant positive correlation found between MELD score and AST, ALT, total biliruibn, direct bilirubin, PT, INR and creatinine and also negative correlation found between meld score and albumin and NA levels.

Conclusion
There was statistically significant relation found between child score, MELD.S (the severity of cirrhosis) and ECG results. There was a high statistically significant difference in between ECHO and MELD.S but no statistically significant difference in between ECHO and CHILD.S, therefore, in order to prepare the best post-procedural management of cirrhotic patients, echocardiography is required for all patients before any interventional procedure or liver transplantation regardless of the stage of cirrhosis. The mechanism of cardiac involvement in patients with cirrhosis seems to be complex and multifactorial.
Clinical Value of CASR Gene Polymorphism on Cinacalcet Response in Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Shawki Sahar Mahmoud , Behairy Maha AbdELmoneim , Ahmed Abdelsattar Hoda , Hassan Somia Abdelhamid , Mohamed Ahmed Yehia , Abdelshaheed Neveen Nabil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis, associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.

Aim
to evaluate frequency of variants of CaSR genes related to PTH regulation and to assess the effect of these single nucleotide polymorphisms on cinacalcet response among prevalent hemodialysis patients (HD) with SHPT.

Patients and Methods
This study included 50 prevalent HD patients with SHPT were recruited from Ain Shams University Hospitals' dialysis units. Clinical stable end-stage renal disease (ESDR) (35 males (70%) and 15 females (30%)), ≥ 18 years old on adequate HD for ≥ 6 months, with intact PTH (iPTH) ≥300 pg/ml and had been treated by cinacalcet. The patient was followed retrospectively for 6 months by measuring serum calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, PTH to evaluate the response of cinacalcet. CASR gene and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1042636 and rs1802757) were measured by real-time PCR.

Results
CASR Gene/SNP rs1042636 (A/G), AA homozygous gene (wild gene) was present in n = 48 (96%) while AG heterozygous gene was present in n = 2 (4%). CASR Gene/SNP rs1802757(C/T), CC homozygous gene (wild gene) was present in n = 42 patients (84%) while CT heterozygous gene was present in n = 6 patients (12%). 21 patients (42%) responded to treatment of SHPT with reduction percent and 29 patients (58%) were non-responding to cinacalcet treatment for 6 months duration. The results showed no significant correlation between CASR gene polymorphism and response to treatment (p-value &gt;0.05).

Conclusion
There is no statistically significant correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the calcium sensing receptor gene (CASR) and response to cinacalcet as treatment of SHPT among HD patients, for further investigation studies.