bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of the gut microbiome with cognitive development among healthy school-age children
Authors: Lapidot Yelena , Maya Maayan , Reshef Leah , Cohen Dani , Ornoy Asher , Gophna Uri , Muhsen Khitam 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe gut microbiome might play a role in neurodevelopment, however, evidence remains elusive. We aimed to examine the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and cognitive development of school-age children.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included healthy Israeli Arab children from different socioeconomic status (SES). The microbiome was characterized in fecal samples by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Cognitive function was measured using Stanford-Binet test, yielding full-scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) score. Sociodemographics and anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements were obtained. Multivariate models were implemented to assess adjusted associations between the gut microbiome and FSIQ score, while controlling for age, sex, SES, physical growth, and hemoglobin levels.ResultsOverall, 165 children (41.2% females) aged 6–9 years were enrolled. SES score was strongly related to both FSIQ score and the gut microbiome. Measures of α-diversity were significantly associated with FSIQ score, demonstrating a more diverse, even, and rich microbiome with increased FSIQ score. Significant differences in fecal bacterial composition were found; FSIQ score explained the highest variance in bacterial β-diversity, followed by SES score. Several taxonomic differences were significantly associated with FSIQ score, including Prevotella, Dialister, Sutterella, Ruminococcus callidus, and Bacteroides uniformis.ConclusionsWe demonstrated significant independent associations between the gut microbiome and cognitive development in school-age children.
Existential insecurity and deference to authority: the pandemic as a natural experiment
Authors: Foa Roberto Stefan , Welzel Christian 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe global coronavirus pandemic offers a quasi-experimental setting for understanding the impact of sudden exposure to heightened existential risk upon both individual and societal values.MethodsWe examined the effect of the pandemic on political attitudes by comparing data from eight countries surveyed before and after the worldwide spread of COVID-19 in March 2020 with continuous weekly polling tracker data from the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2021. Multilevel models were used to explore the drivers of change, and the results indicated that reported emotions of fear and stress were positively associated with institutional approval during periods of greater pathogen risk.ResultsOur findings revealed that support for political and technocratic authority, as well as satisfaction with political institutions, rose significantly above long-term historical baselines during the pandemic.DiscussionThe results support the hypothesis that exposure to existential risk results in greater support for authority and that individual feelings of insecurity may be linked to less critical citizen orientations.
Self-perceived views on offender rehabilitation in detained adolescent boys: a qualitative analysis in the context of the good lives model
Authors: Serie Colinda M. B. , De Ruiter Corine , Pleysier Stefaan , Put Johan 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAn upcoming offender rehabilitation model, the Good Lives Model (GLM), proposes that effective offender rehabilitation should adopt a dual focus: reducing recidivism risk as well as enhancing the offender’s well-being. To achieve this, the GLM suggests rehabilitation should include the prosocial fulfilment of a universal set of human needs termed “primary goods.” A focus on primary goods attainment and well-being is hypothesized to improve treatment motivation and achieve more sustainable desistance from future offending. Although this model sounds promising, empirical evidence for these assumptions is limited, especially among youth.MethodsTwenty Flemish and Dutch detained adolescent boys (14 to 17 years old at the time of their arrest) were interviewed during their detention using a semi-structured interview. They were asked about their well-being, needs and goals during rehabilitation, their treatment motivation, and their views on recidivism and rehabilitation.ResultsThe results show that a match between the boys’ well-being needs, and the treatment goals set in collaboration with the institution could improve treatment motivation and rehabilitation efforts. The boys also mentioned other factors with a positive impact on their treatment motivation: increased levels of freedom and autonomy; having a future (prosocial) perspective; investing in a therapeutic alliance; and, working on individual factors (i.e., improving coping skills, school or work skills, and relationships with prosocial friends and family).DiscussionThese factors closely align with working on the GLM primary goods of “excellence in work and play,” “excellence in agency,” and “relatedness,” which can be helpful in enhancing well-being and treatment motivation in offender rehabilitation.
Connecting dots in disorders of gut-brain interaction: the interplay of stress and sex hormones in shaping visceral pain
Authors: Labrenz Franziska , Merz Christian J. , Icenhour Adriane 
Published: May 2023

Visceral pain and stress are tightly intertwined bodily and emotional phenomena, which enable a flexible adaptation to environmental challenges by activating a response repertoire to restore homeostasis along the gut-brain axis. However, visceral pain and stress can persist widely independent of the initial cause, acquiring independent disease values and posing major health burdens as predominant features in disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Epidemiological data consistently documents an increased prevalence for women to suffer from chronic visceral pain, possibly shaped by sex hormones and modulated by stress and its biological and psychosocial correlates. Yet, mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between altered visceroception, stress and sex remain widely elusive, especially in clinical populations with DGBI.We herein selectively review mechanisms of interactions between stress and sex in the complex pathophysiology of DGBI. A particular emphasis is laid on visceral pain, in which stress constitutes a major risk factor as well as mediator, and sex-related differences are particularly pronounced. Building on the neurobiology of stress and mechanisms of gut-brain interactions, we highlight putative target mechanisms via which visceral pain and stress may converge with sex effects into a triad.Accommodating a global demographic shift, we propose a lifespan perspective in future research, which may enable a more fine-tuned evaluation of this complex interplay exerting distinct challenges during vulnerable developmental phases. This viewpoint may advance our understanding of pathophysiological processes and can ultimately inspire novel tailored prevention strategies and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of chronic visceral pain and DGBI across the lifespan.
Relationship between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle among Chinese college students
Authors: Wang Jun , Hao Qing-Hong , Peng Wei , Tu Yang , Zhang Lan , Zhu Tian-Min 
Published: May 2023

PurposeSmartphone addiction has been a matter of serious concern among society and parents because of its high incidence and serious negative effects. This study aimed to determine the association between smartphone addiction and eating disorders and lifestyle changes among college students.MethodsThe present article is a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 1,112 college students from several universities in Chengdu, China. The data were collected by using the Chinese version of the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). In addition, the information on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and smartphone use were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of smartphone addiction among the students involved in the study was 22.6%, of which 10.4% were at risk for eating disorders. Female students had higher MPAI scores and EAT-26 scores than male students (p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of male students with a risk of eating disorders was significantly higher than that of female students (p &lt; 0.05). The total EAT-26 scores of students with smartphone addiction were higher than that of others (p &lt; 0.001). The correlation analysis indicated that the MPAI scores were significantly positively correlated with the EAT-26 scores, depression and anxiety, difficulty in falling asleep at night, the frequency of eating fast food and drinking carbonated soft drink (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, the MPAI scores were significantly negatively correlated with skipping breakfast and the frequency of physical activity (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionSmartphone addiction is significantly associated with eating disorders, eating habits, and lifestyle. The influence of dietary habits and lifestyle needs to be considered for the prevention and development of an intervention for smartphone addiction among college students.
Self-esteem levels in school-going adolescents across the slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Naeem Hira , Sharif Sana , Sharif Hina , Seemi Tooba 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionFor individuals to live their lives and integrate into society, self-esteem is an essential feeling. Self-esteem development depends on the environment in which children are nurtured. Assessment techniques using questionnaires include Rosenberg's self-esteem scale.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the self-esteem of school-going adolescents in slum areas.MethodologyThis school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three understudied slum areas of Karachi, Pakistan. A standardized scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), and a pre-tested demographic scale was used to assess the impact of gender, weight, academic performance, tuition, and parent's education level along with parent's strictness on the self-esteem of the understudied population of adolescents aged between 11 and 19 years included in the study. Parent consent was obtained before visiting the schools.FindingsAs per the collected data on self-esteem, among 539 school-going adolescents, 232 (43%) were male and 307 (57%) were female. Most students, 324 (60%), were in the 14–16 age range. Parents' education status and strictness towards their children, academic performance, and adolescent body mass index (BMI) influenced self-esteem levels.ConclusionThe study found that age, parent's education, parent's strictness, BMI, and academic performance were linked to the levels of self-esteem in the target population regardless of gender. Children's surroundings play an imperative role in developing lower or higher self-esteem in children. Assessing adolescent's self-esteem can be a useful way to build strong self-confident youngster and also beneficial to treatment for those with psychosomatic complaints in their growing age.
Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancer and its prognostic significance
Authors: Leeha Marisa , Kanokwiroon Kanyanatt , Laohawiriyakamol Suphawat , Thongsuksai Paramee 
Published: May 2023

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based protein markers representing molecular subtypes are of great value for routine use. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency distributions of the molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using IHC-based surrogate markers and examined their prognostic value.Methods: Patients with TNBC treated at a university hospital in Southern Thailand were included in this study. Expression levels of androgen receptor, CD8, Forkhead box transcription factor C1, and Doublecortin-like kinase 1 were detected in tumor tissue to classify them into luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS), mesenchymal-like (MES), and unclassifiable (UC) subtypes. The association between variables and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.Results: Among the 195 cases of TNBC, the frequency distribution of the IHC-based subtype was as follows: BLIS, 52.8%; LAR, 19.0%; IM, 17.4%; MES, 0.5%; and un-classifiable, 10.3%. BLIS subtype was significantly found in younger ages (mean: 49.6 years) than other subtypes (mean: 51–57.7 years). LAR and BLIS subtypes were significantly associated with poorer OS compared to the IM subtype in univariate analysis, however, only BLIS was significant in multivariate analysis (HR: 3.29, 95% CI: 1.01–10.72). IHC-based subtype was not found to be associated with DFS.Conclusion: This study revealed the differences in the proportion frequency of IHC-based TNBC subtypes in Thai patients compared to other populations. IHC-based molecular subtyping may be beneficial for prognosis. However further refinement of the molecular classification of TNBC is needed for better clinical relevance.
Insights on the Existence of Ancient Glacial Refugee in the Northern Black/Azov Sea Lowland, with the Description of the First Stygobiotic Microcrustacean Species of the Genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 from the Mouth of the Don River
Authors: Marin Ivan N. , Palatov Dmitry M. 
Published: May 2023

A new species of the genus Niphargus Schiödte, 1849 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae), co-existing with other stygobiotic amphipods, Diasynurella kiwi Marin and Palatov, 2023 and Pontonyx donensis (Martynov, 1919) (Crangonyctidae), is described from a small spring on a shore of Kiziterinka River in Rostov-on-Don City in the mouth of the Don River. Two of the three species in the studied spring, D. kiwi and the discovered Niphargus, belong to microcrustaceans not exceeding the total body size of 3 mm. The new species, Niphargus rostovi sp. nov., represents one of the smallest species within the genus and is mostly related to the Greek Niphargus karkabounasi Ntakis, Anastasiadou, Zakšek and Fišer, 2015, which is also not reaching the body size of 3 mm. One more related undescribed species is found on the Crete Island by the molecular genetic data. These species represent a separate phylogenetic lineage within the “carpathicus” species complex, which diverged from the congeners in the Late Miocene for more than 10 Mya. At the same time, the speciation within the ingroup started about 5–6 Mya, obviously correlating with the drainage of the Euxinian basin of the Eastern Paratethys, connecting the lower Don and southern Greece areas. Niphargus potamophilus Birštein, 1954 is also first recorded from the mouth of the Belbek River in the Crimean Peninsula, closing the known area from the Kuban River delta to Rostov-on-Don area and further along the western coast of the Black Sea to Bulgaria. Analysis of the recent records of long-time lineages of endemic/subterranean/stygobiotic animals unable to disperse for long distances assumed that glacial refugium existed at the mouth of the Don River, along with the South Caucasus (Colchis) and the southern Caspian (Hyrcania), where many species have survived several periods of glaciation since the late Miocene.
Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Surgery of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Patients’ Experience and Recall Bias in a Day-Care Setting
Authors: Knystautas Saulius , Braziulis Kęstutis , Zacharevskij Ernest , Varkalys Karolis , Šimatonienė Violeta , Pilipaitytė Loreta 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective: Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is a technique of local anesthesia commonly used in the surgical treatment of a wide variety of conditions affecting the upper extremity, including Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The recent retrospective studies investigated patient experiences in a wide variety of hand disorder-related cases. The aim of our study is to evaluate patient satisfaction regarding open surgical treatment for CTS using the WALANT technique. Material and Methods: we enrolled 82 patients with CTS without medical record of surgical treatment for CTS. For WALANT, a hand surgeon used a combination of 1:200,000 epinephrine, 1% lidocaine, and 1 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate solution without tourniquet application and sedating the patient. All patients were treated in a day-care setting. For assessment of patient experience, Lalonde’s questionnaire was adapted. Participants completed survey twice: one month and six months after the surgical treatment was performed. Results: the median pre-operative pain score for all patients was 4 (range 0–8) after one month and 3 (range 1–8) after six months. The median intraoperative pain score for all patients was 1 (range 0–8) after one month and 1 (range 1–7) after six months. The median post-operative pain score for all patients was 3 (range 0–9) after one month and 1 (range 0–8) after six months. More than half (61% after one month and 73% after six months) of the patients responded by stating that their real experience of WALANT was better than their initial expectations. An absolute majority of patients (95% after one month and 90% after six months) would recommend WALANT treatment to their relatives. Conclusions: overall, patient satisfaction with treatment for CTS using WALANT is high. Furthermore, complications related to the performed treatment and persistent post-operative pain could be associated with more reliable patient recall of this healthcare intervention. A longer period of time between intervention and assessment of patient experience could possibly be a reason for recall bias.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Alkoxy- and Imidazole-Substituted Xanthones as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Aguila-Muñoz Dolores G. , Vázquez-Lira Gabriel , Sarmiento-Tlale Erika , Cruz-López María C. , Jiménez-Montejo Fabiola E. , López y López Víctor E. , Escalante Carlos H. , Andrade-Pavón Dulce , Gómez-García Omar , Tamariz Joaquín , Mendieta-Moctezuma Aarón 
Published: May 2023

Current antidiabetic drugs have severe side effects, which may be minimized by new selective molecules that strongly inhibit α-glucosidase and weakly inhibit α-amylase. We have synthesized novel alkoxy-substituted xanthones and imidazole-substituted xanthones and have evaluated them for their in silico and in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity. Compounds 6c, 6e, and 9b promoted higher α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 16.0, 12.8, and 4.0 µM, respectively) and lower α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 76.7, 68.1, and >200 µM, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 306.7 µM for α-glucosidase and 20.0 µM for α-amylase). Contrarily, derivatives 10c and 10f showed higher α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 5.4 and 8.7 µM, respectively) and lower α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 = 232.7 and 145.2 µM, respectively). According to the structure–activity relationship, attaching 4-bromobutoxy or 4′-chlorophenylacetophenone moieties to the 2-hydroxy group of xanthone provides higher α-glucosidase inhibition and lower α-amylase inhibition. In silico studies suggest that these scaffolds are key in the activity and interaction of xanthone derivatives. Enzymatic kinetics studies showed that 6c, 9b, and10c are mainly mixed inhibitors on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In addition, drug prediction and ADMET studies support that compounds 6c, 9b, and 10c are candidates with antidiabetic potential.
Crystalline Flat Surface Recovered by High-Temperature Annealing after Laser Ablation
Authors: Smith Daniel , Ng Soon Hock , Tang Amanda , Katkus Tomas , Moraru Daniel , Juodkazis Saulius 
Published: May 2023

Ultra-short laser pulses (1030 nm/230 fs) were used to laser ablate the surface of crystalline sapphire (Al2O3) at high intensity per pulse 20–200 TW/cm2/pulse. Laser-ablated patterns were annealed at a high temperature of 1500 °C. Surface reconstruction took place, removing the ablation debris field at the edges of ablated pits in oxygen flow (O2 flow). Partial reconstruction of ripples was also observed when multi-pulse ablated surfaces were annealed at high temperature in O2 flow. Back-side ablation of a 0.5-mm-thick Al2O3 produced high surface roughness ∼1μm which was reduced to ∼0.2μm by high-temperature annealing at 1500 °C for 2 h in O2. Improvement of surface quality was due to restructuring of the crystalline surface and sublimation, while the defined 3D shape of a micro-lens was not altered after HTA (no thermal morphing).
The Perception of Congregational Assemblies in Improving The Quality Of Christian Family Fellowship
Authors: Fredrik Warwer  , Alfius Aninam  , Albertus Y. Fatlolona  
Published: May 2023

The apostle Paul in most of his epistles wrote about teaching, nurturing or pastoralizing to members of the church in order to live as follows the will of God. It shows that in the time of the New Testament the apostles and other servants of God in building the congregation not only emphasized on the issue of numbers but also aggravated the problem of the quality of life of the congregation itself. This study aims to determine the perception of the congregational assembly in improving the quality of Christian family fellowship. This study was conducted at the evangelical christian church (GKI) klasis Sentani congregation Hermon Hollo Him Papua, using a qualitative method through the distribution of questionnaires to the congregational assembly. The results showed that the congregational assembly understood that teaching and guiding church members is an important task mandated (100%), must be done wholeheartedly (83%), and always guided by the Bible (61%). However, sometimes in its teaching the Congregational Assembly felt less certain that they were accepted by members of the congregation (61%), this was likely due to the congregation's lack of preparation and knowledge of how to properly teach and guide christian families (56%). The quality of christian family fellowship is judged by two things, namely having biblical knowledge of the christian family and having the example of Christ. Members of the congregation place Christ as the head of the family (100%), also knowing the basis for the formation of a christian family, even if they do not understand very well how to form a quality christian family fellowship (67%). The attitude shown in Christ's example is to make the Bible a guide for life (56%), active in participating in worship (39%%), active in spiritual activities (44%) and always having an attitude of mutual love for others (44%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that aspects of teaching and guidance for members of the congregation have been carried out by the congregational assembly, but still require good guidance for members of the congregation, especially the congregational assembly as the leader of the church so that the quality of christian family fellowship occurs better.