bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Association between Prenatal Care Visits and Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Pinchman Elizabeth V. , Lende Michelle N. , Feustel Paul , Lynch Tara 
Published: June 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between number of prenatal care visits and adverse perinatal outcome among pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort of singleton, nonanomalous pregnancies complicated by OUD that delivered from January 2015 to July 2020 at our academic medical center. Primary outcome was the presence of composite adverse perinatal outcome, defined as one or more of the following: stillbirth, placental abruption, perinatal death, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, need for morphine treatment, and hyperbilirubinemia. Logistic and linear regression estimated the association between the number of prenatal care visits and the presence of adverse perinatal outcome. A Mann–Whitney U test evaluated the association between number of prenatal care visits and length of hospital stay for the neonate.
Results A total of 185 patients were identified, of which 35 neonates required morphine treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. During pregnancy, most individuals were treated with buprenorphine 107 (57.8%), whereas 64 (34.6%) received methadone, 13 (7.0%) received no treatment, and 1 (0.5%) received naltrexone. The median number of prenatal care visits was 8 (interquartile range: 4–10). With each additional visit per 10 weeks of gestational age, the risk of adverse perinatal outcome decreased by 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.451–0.854). The need for neonatal intensive care and hyperbilirubinemia also significantly decreased with additional prenatal visits. Neonatal hospital stay decreased by a median of 2 days (95% CI: 1–4) for individuals who received more than the median of eight prenatal care visits.
Conclusion Pregnant individuals with OUD who attend fewer prenatal care visits experience more adverse perinatal outcome. Future research should focus on barriers to prenatal care and interventions to improve access in this high-risk population.
Key Points
The Special Delivery Unit: A Novel Concept for Mother–Baby Continuity for Major Fetal Abnormalities
Authors: Moise Kenneth J. , Bebbington Michael W. , Nix Michael , Thomas Heather , Kosko Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Objective This article describes the experience in the planning and development of a special delivery unit (SDU) at our free-standing children's hospital in Austin, Texas.
Study Design Description of various aspects of the development of the SDU. In addition, telephone surveys were obtained from five other institutions regarding the planning and current status of their SDUs.
Results Since the advent of the SDU at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in 2008, several free-standing children's hospitals have opened similar units at their institutions. Developing an obstetrical unit in a children's hospital can be a daunting task on many fronts. The costs of providing 24-hour obstetrical, nursing, and anesthesiology coverage must be considered. Although most SDUs are associated with a fetal center and fetal surgery/interventions, some units function exclusively for the delivery of pregnancies complicated by major fetal conditions where the neonate will require immediate surgical care or other interventions.
Conclusion Research on the cost-effectiveness and the effect of SDUs on clinical outcome, teaching, and patient satisfaction is warranted.
Key Points
Open Reduction of an Isolated Anterior Nasal Spine Fracture: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Yun In Sik , Roh Tai Suk , Kim Young Seok 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 14-year-old girl had a midfacial trauma event caused by hitting against an opening door and experienced discomfort and swelling of the columella and upper lip. Physical examination revealed mild tenderness on light palpation without any discomfort with upper lip movement. A computed tomography scan of the maxillofacial bones with three-dimensional reconstruction showed a fracture of the anterior nasal spine with obvious leftward displacement, mild-deviation of the caudal aspect of the nasal septum, and no sign of nasal bone fracture. Open reduction and internal fixation was performed with regard to aesthetic and functional concerns, including nasal septum deviation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and healing proceeded normally without complications. Herein, we emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis of isolated anterior nasal spine fractures in patients with midfacial trauma and clinicians' strategic decision-making in treatment modalities.
Access to Fluorinated Quaternary Stereogenic Centers via Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic C–H Alkylation
Authors: Wei Jia-Hui , Jin You-Xiang , Wang Pu-Sheng , Gong Liu-Zhu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA Pd-catalyzed branch- and enantioselective allylic C–H alkylation reaction has been developed for the rapid assembly of fluorinated quaternary stereogenic centers from allylarenes and prochiral α-fluorinated esters. Using chiral phosphoramidite as ligand and 2,5-diphenylquinone as oxidant, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and tolerates a broad scope of substrates, resulting in α-quaternary fluorinated ester products with high levels of yields, enantioselectivities, and regioselectivities.
Effect of Normal Saline versus PlasmaLyte on Coagulation and Metabolic Status in Patients Undergoing Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Arora Vandna , Khatri Akanksha , Bala Renu , Kumar Vibhuti , Arora Rashmi , Jindal Shweta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background The choice of intraoperative fluid in neurosurgical patients is important as we need to maintain adequate cerebral perfusion and oxygenation and also avoid cerebral edema. Normal saline (NS) is commonly used in neurosurgeries, but it leads to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, which may result in coagulopathy. Balanced crystalloid with physiochemical composition akin to that of plasma has favorable effects on metabolic profile and may avoid the problems associated with NS. Against this background, the present study aimed to compare the effects of NS versus PlasmaLyte (PL) on coagulation profile in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures.
Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted in 100 adult patients scheduled to undergo various neurosurgical procedures. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups of 50 each to receive either NS or PL intraoperatively and postoperatively till 4 hours after the surgery. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, coagulation profile (PT, PTT, and INR), serum chloride, pH, blood urea, and serum creatinine were measured prior to induction (baseline) and 4 hours after completion of surgery.
Results Demographic characteristics were statistically similar between the two groups. Coagulation profile parameters were comparable between the two groups at baseline as well as 4 hours after surgery. pH was significantly lower in the NS group as compared to the PL group at 4 hours after surgery. Postoperatively blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum chloride levels were significantly raised in the NS group as compared to the PL group. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion Coagulation profile parameters were normal and statistically similar with intraoperative infusion of NS versus PL in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. However, use of PL was associated with a better acid–base and renal profile in these patients.
Supratentorial Intracerebral Hematoma as a Rare Complication of Posterior Fossa Surgery in Prone Position: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Kumar Raj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSupratentorial intracerebral hematoma is a rare complication after posterior fossa tumor surgery in prone positioning. Although rare, its occurrence may cause significant impact on survival of the patient. We had described this rare complication and their possible pathophysiology in this report. A 52-year-old male with fourth ventricle epidermoid tumor with noncommunicative hydrocephalus was presented to us in drowsy condition in emergency department. Right-sided medium pressure ventriculoperitoneal surgery was performed in emergency. After shunt surgery patient become conscious and oriented. Total excision of tumor was done via suboccipital craniotomy in prone positioning after preanesthesia fitness. Patient extubated from anesthesia and was conscious but after 2 hours patient condition deteriorated. Patient was intubated again and taken on ventilatory support. Postoperative plain computed tomography brain showed total excision of tumor with left temporal lobe hematoma. Patient was managed conservatively and his condition improved in 3 weeks' periods. Supratentorial intracerebral hematoma after posterior fossa surgery in prone positioning is a rare complication. Despite the rarity of this complication, it is still challenging as it may lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Sleep Disturbances in Syrian Refugees in the United States
Authors: Sankari Safa , Wrobel Nancy , Leonard Michelle , Grasser Lana , Sankari Abdulghani , Javanbakht Arash 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the impact of sleep disturbances and PTSD symptomology in refugee populations is not well known. This study examined how PTSD-related sleep symptoms and overall sleep quality were impacted by previous and current traumatic and stressful experiences.
Methods Adult Syrian refugees living in Southeast Michigan were assessed via scheduled in-home interviews. Overall sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. PTSD-related sleep disturbances were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum. The presence of PTSD symptomatology was assessed via self-report using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-5 screened for prior traumatic events experienced and the Postmigration Living Difficulties Questionnaire was assessed for postmigration stressors. Correlational analysis was conducted between overall sleep quality, PTSD symptom severity, and previous trauma experienced. A stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the role of overall sleep quality, PTSD-specific sleep disturbances, current living difficulties, and the number of preimmigration traumatic events directly experienced or witnessed due to the presence of overall PTSD symptomology.
Results A total of 53 adults completed the study. PTSD-disturbed sleep was found to be positively associated with overall poor sleep quality (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), PTSD symptomology (r = 0.65, p < 0.01), and current living difficulties (r = 0.37, p < 0.05). The PTSD-related sleep disturbances (B = 0.66, p < 0.01) and postmigration living difficulties (B = 0.44, p < 0.01) were found to be the strongest predictors of PTSD symptoms.
Conclusion Disturbed sleep is strongly associated with current stressful experiences and PTSD symptomology among Syrian refugees.
Decolonizing Epidemiological Research: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDecolonizing epidemiological research is a crucial endeavor. Historically, colonial and imperialistic ideologies have pervaded epidemiology, leading to an emphasis on Western perspectives and the neglect of indigenous and other marginalized communities' needs and experiences. To effectively address health disparities and promote justice and equality, acknowledging and addressing these power imbalances are imperative. In this article, I highlight the need of decolonizing epidemiological research and make recommendations. These include increasing the representation of researchers from underrepresented communities, ensuring that epidemiological research is contextually relevant and responsive to the experiences of these communities, and collaborating with policymakers and advocacy groups to inform policies and practices that benefit all populations. Moreover, I underscore the importance of recognizing and valuing the knowledge and skills of marginalized populations, and integrating traditional knowledge—the distinct, culturally specific understanding unique to a particular group—into research efforts. I also emphasize the need of capacity building and equitable research collaborations and authorship as well as epidemiological journal editorship. Decolonizing epidemiology research is a continual process that requires continuing discourse, collaboration, and education.
A data-driven approach to solving a 1D inverse scattering problem
Authors: van Leeuwen Tristan , Tataris Andreas 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we extend a recently proposed approach for inverse scattering with Neumann boundary conditions [Druskin et al., Inverse Probl. 37, 075003 (2021)] to the 1D Schrödinger equation with impedance (Robin) boundary conditions. This method approaches inverse scattering in two steps: first, to extract a reduced order model (ROM) directly from the data and, subsequently, to extract the scattering potential from the ROM. We also propose a novel data-assimilation (DA) inversion method based on the ROM approach, thereby avoiding the need for a Lanczos-orthogonalization (LO) step. Furthermore, we present a detailed numerical study and A comparison of the accuracy and stability of the DA and LO methods.
Mechanical control inadvertently increases risk of alien plant invasion: influence of stem fragmentation and inundation regimes on Arundo donax regeneration in Neotropical savanna
Authors: Calazans E. , Lopes A. , Girotto L. , de Paula A. L. O. , Franco A. C. , Ferreira C. S. 
Published: June 2023

Context Arundo donax L. is an exotic, perennial grass that has invaded dryland and wetland savannas of central Brazil. This species produces sterile flowers in its introduced range and propagates vegetatively via rhizomes and stem fragments. Aims We investigated bud sprouting capacity after fragmentation, which plays a major role in plant-proliferation ability, invasiveness and its escape from weed-control measures. Methods We evaluated the effects of size, different periods of desiccation (by exposure to air), submersion and water-column height on the regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments. Key results Fragments of a minimum size of 3–4 cm successfully regenerated new plants. The regenerative capacity of single-node stem fragments (3–10 cm length) rapidly decreased after 1 week of air desiccation. Stem fragments that were submerged for 30 days resprouted and formed plants in a water column of 5, 10 or 15 cm, with no significant difference from the controls. However, leaves did not expand and shoot elongation was adversely affected in 15 cm of non-aerated water. This loss of performance was reversed when the newly formed plants were removed from the water and transferred to a moist substrate. Implications Our findings suggest that weed management, which involves cutting the plant to ground level without removing it from the site, is inefficient and can intensify the potential for invasion by A. donax, especially in the rainy season, when left-over stem fragments remain hydrated and capable of regeneration. Its establishment near riverbanks must be monitored because submerged propagules remain viable and able to resprout.
Unprecedented increase in syphilis cases among heterosexual men and women in Japan, 2021–2022
Authors: Kasamatsu Ayu , Takahashi Takuri , Arima Yuzo , Otsuka Miyako , Arashiro Takeshi , Ito Hanae , Tabata Sakiko , Yamagishi Takuya , Suzuki Motoi 
Published: June 2023

Based on national surveillance data, we describe an unprecedented increase in syphilis case reports in Japan, with a surge in 2021–2022 reaching 10 141 cases in Week 42, 2022, a 1.7-fold increase over the same period in 2021. This already represented the highest annual case count in nearly half a century; by Week 52, 2022, the number reached 12 966, far surpassing the 7978 cases in 2021. Predominantly affecting heterosexual men and young women, the proportionate increase in primary and secondary syphilis cases suggests a true increase in incidence. The syphilis surge during the pandemic poses a serious public health concern and underscores the importance of adequate testing and preventive measures.
In-situ measurement of anisotropic Young’s modulus in fused deposition modeling printed cantilevers
Authors: Tekin Engincan , Çağmel Mehmet , Aydın Can Ozan , Ferhanoğlu Onur , Toy Muhammed Fatih 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of fused deposition modeling printing direction on the effective Young’s modulus value of cantilevers. Through finite-element simulations and experiments with seven different dimensions and totaling over 100 cantilevers, we have observed the impact of printing direction on cantilever resonance. Unlike the conventional compressive and tensile stress—strain characterization, observation of the resonance allows for in-situ testing on the final device under test during operation. Initially, we observed the bulk filament modulus to be 4.5 GPa based on the optimal match between experiments and realistic finite element models expressing the internal structures of the longitudinal and transverse printed cantilevers. Then, the effective Young’s modulus of the cantilevers is inferred through sweeping the Young’s modulus that provides the best fit between the experiments, conventional cantilever formulations and finite-element simulations with solid, homogeneous, and isotropic cantilever model. Overall, we observed an average effective Young’s modulus of 3.35 GPa for the cantilevers with longitudinal (along the cantilever axis) deposited filaments and an average effective Young’s Modulus of 2.50 GPa for the transverse (perpendicular to the cantilever axis, along the width dimension) deposited Polylactic acid cantilevers. Eventually, simplified shape outline and effective Young’s modulus for the corresponding printing direction eases the subsequent theoretical and simulation analyses. The presented methodology is also applicable to micrometric and sub-micrometric scale serial manufacturing techniques (i.e. two-photon polymerization) where the laser beams steering direction causes anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the device under test.
Enhanced performance of PC6 monolayer as Li-ion battery anode materials by nitrogen doping
Authors: Gao Han , Su Ningning 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development of new promising anode materials is important for further commercial applications of batteries. In this paper, the potential of nitrogen-doped PC6 (NCP-α and NCP-β) monolayer materials in the development of anode materials for Li ion batteries was discussed by means of density functional theory calculations. Both NCP-α and NCP-β have excellent electronic conductivity and a high theoretical maximum storage capacity of 778.72 mA h g−1. The diffusion barriers of Li ions on monolayer NCP-α and NCP-β are 0.33 eV and 0.32 eV, respectively. The average open circuit voltages of NCP-α and NCP-β are 0.23 V and 0.27 V, respectively, in the suitable voltage range of anode materials. Compared with pristine PC6 (717.09 mA h g−1), graphene (372 mA h g−1) and many other two-dimensional (2D) (MXenes (447.8 mA h g−1) anode materials, NCP-α and NCP-β have significantly higher theoretical storage capacities, lower diffusion barrier and suitable open-circuit voltages. The calculation results show that NCP-α and NCP-β are potential candidates for high-performance LIBs anode materials.
Quantitative nanopatterning of fg-scale liquids with dip-pen nanolithography
Authors: Saygin Verda , Andersson Sean B , Brown Keith A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ability to precisely pattern nanoscale amounts of liquids is essential for biotechnology and high-throughput chemistry, but controlling fluid flow on these scales is very challenging. Scanning probe lithography methods such as dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) provide a mechanism to write fluids at the nanoscale, but this is an open loop process as methods to provide feedback while patterning sub-pg features have yet to be reported. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for programmably nanopatterning liquid features at the fg-scale through a combination of ultrafast atomic force microscopy probes, the use of spherical tips, and inertial mass sensing. We begin by investigating the required probe properties that would provide sufficient mass responsivity to detect fg-scale mass changes and find ultrafast probes to be capable of this resolution. Further, we attach a spherical bead to the tip of an ultrafast probe as we hypothesize that the spherical tip could hold a drop at its apex which both facilitates interpretation of inertial sensing and maintains a consistent fluid environment for reliable patterning. We experimentally find that sphere-tipped ultrafast probes are capable of reliably patterning hundreds of features in a single experiment. Analyzing the changes in the vibrational resonance frequency during the patterning process, we find that drift in the resonance frequency complicates analysis, but that it can be removed through a systematic correction. Subsequently, we quantitatively study patterning using sphere-tipped ultrafast probes as a function of retraction speed and dwell time to find that the mass of fluid transferred can be modulated by greater than an order of magnitude and that liquid features as small as 6 fg can be patterned and resolved. Taken together, this work addresses a persistent concern in DPN by enabling quantitative feedback for nanopatterning of aL-scale features and lays the foundation for programmably nanopatterning fluids.
Analytical solution to Windkessel models using piecewise linear aortic flow waveform
Authors: Gnudi Gianni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Deriving time-domain analytical solutions to two- three- and four-element Windkessel models, which are commonly used in teaching and research to analyse the behaviour of the arterial pressure-flow relationship. Approach. The governing (first-order, non-homogeneous, linear) differential equations are solved analytically, based on a piecewise linear function that can accurately approximate typical aortic flow waveforms. Main results. Closed-form expressions for arterial pressure are obtained both in transient conditions and in steady-state periodic regime. Significance. In most cases Windkessel models are studied in the frequency domain and when studied in the time domain, numerical methods are used. The main advantage of the proposed expressions is that they are an explicit, exact, and easily understood mathematical description of the model behaviour. Moreover, they avoid the use of Fourier analysis or numerical solvers to integrate the differential equations.