bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational age and trajectories of body mass index and height from birth through adolescence in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Vinther Johan L. , Ekstrøm Claus T. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Cederkvist Luise , Lawlor Deborah A. , Andersen Anne-Marie Nybo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPreterm birth is associated with smaller body dimensions at birth. The impact on body size in later life, measured by body mass index (BMI) and height, remains unclear. A prospective register-based cohort study with 62,625 singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort born 1996–2003 for whom information on gestational age (GA) at birth, length or weight at birth, and at least two growth measurements scheduled at the ages of 5 and 12 months, and 7, 11 and 18 years were available. Linear mixed effects with splines, stratified by sex, and adjusted for confounders were used to estimate standardised BMI and height. GA was positively associated with BMI in infancy, but differences between preterm and term children declined with age. By age 7, preterm children had slightly lower BMI than term children, whereas no difference was observed by adolescence (mean difference in BMI z-score − 0.28 to 0.15). GA was strongly associated with height in infancy, but mean differences between individuals born preterm and term declined during childhood. By adolescence, the most preterm individuals remained shorter than their term peers (mean difference in height z-score from − 1.00 to − 0.28). The lower BMI in preterm infants relative to term infants equalizes during childhood, such that by adolescence there is no clear difference. Height is strongly positively associated with GA in early childhood, whilst by end of adolescence individuals born preterm remain slightly shorter than term peers.
Machine learning-based obesity classification considering 3D body scanner measurements
Authors: Jeon Seungjin , Kim Minji , Yoon Jiwun , Lee Sangyong , Youm Sekyoung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity can cause various diseases and is a serious health concern. BMI, which is currently the popular measure for judging obesity, does not accurately classify obesity; it reflects the height and weight but ignores the characteristics of an individual’s body type. In order to overcome the limitations of classifying obesity using BMI, we considered 3-dimensional (3D) measurements of the human body. The scope of our study was limited to Korean subjects. In order to expand 3D body scan data clinically, 3D body scans, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis data was collected pairwise for 160 Korean subjects. A machine learning-based obesity classification framework using 3D body scan data was designed, validated through Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F1 score, and compared with BMI and BIA. In a test dataset of 40 people, BMI had the following values: Accuracy: 0.529, Recall: 0.472, Precision: 0.458, and F1 score: 0.462, while BIA had the following values: Accuracy: 0.752, Recall: 0.742, Precision: 0.751, and F1 score: 0.739. Our proposed model had the following values: Accuracy: 0.800, Recall: 0.767, Precision: 0.842, and F1 score: 0.792. Thus, our accuracy was higher than BMI as well as BIA. Our model can be used for obesity management through 3D body scans.
Application of multi‐party computation and error correction with image enhancement and convolution neural networks based on cloud computing
Authors: Liao Teh‐Lu , Peng Chiau‐Yuan , Hou Yi‐You 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the development of technology, people work hard on image processing and artificial intelligence which require a lot of computer resources. Instead of simply speeding up calculations with processors, people develop the technology of the Cloud with the Internet which performs high‐quality calculations and has quite a huge amount of storage. Thus, in this paper, the authors use a kind of encryption methods, Secure Multi‐Party Computation (SMPC), to protect the important information which is based on the absence of a trusted party and does not use specific keys or methods to maintain the confidentiality of data. Furthermore, the authors also use the error correction, Berlekamp–Welch (BW) algorithm, to double‐check the correction of the information. To apply the two algorithms to image enhancement and convolution neural networks (CNN), the authors will also discuss the homomorphism in all operations, including addition, multiplication, division etc., and find the best way to encrypt and decrypt the information. Finally, the authors will implement the system with cloud computing to decrease the consumption of computer resources and build a system that can do image enhancement and CNN.
A method for extracting interference striations in lofargram based on decomposition and clustering
Authors: Li Xinyan , Wang Dianpeng , Tian Yubin , Kong Xiangshun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn complex underwater noise environment, target detection, recognition, and tracking are proceeded through the frequency spectrum analysis of the signals received by sonar systems, in which the lofargram plays a major role. Typically, if the distance of the target experiences far‐near‐far variation, there will be parabolic interference striations presented in the lofargram. However, the existing striations extraction methods sometimes lack objectivity and fail to extract the wide striations accurately. In this paper, a novel method for wide type interference striations extraction is developed based on efficient decomposition and ensemble clustering. To obtain valuable information, the lofargram is decomposed into smooth background, striations area, and noise, then a multi‐phase ensemble clustering algorithm is employed to extract parabolas from the decomposed striations area pixels. Experimental results on simulated and real‐life datasets exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed method, and verify that it has comparable performance with prevalent Hough transform while extracting striations.
A Monte Carlo code for the collisional evolution of porous aggregates (CPA)
Authors: Millán Emmanuel N. , Planes María Belén , Urbassek Herbert M. , Bringa Eduardo M. 
Published: February 2023

Context. The collisional evolution of submillimeter-sized porous dust aggregates is important in many astrophysical fields.
Aims. We have developed a Monte Carlo code to study the processes of collision between mass-asymmetric, spherical, micron-sized porous silica aggregates that belong to a dust population.
Methods. The Collision of Porous Aggregates (CPA) code simulates collision chains in a population of dust aggregates that have different sizes, masses, and porosities. We start from an initial distribution of granular aggregate sizes and assume some collision velocity distribution. In particular, for this study we used a random size distribution and a Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution. A set of successive random collisions between pairs of aggregates form a single collision chain. The mass ratio, filling factor, and impact velocity influence the outcome of the collision between two aggregates. We averaged hundreds of thousands of independent collision chains to obtain the final, average distributions of aggregates.
Results. We generated and studied four final distributions (F), for size (n), radius (R), porosity, and mass-porosity distributions, for a relatively low number of collisions. In general, there is a profuse generation of monomers and small clusters, with a distribution F (R) ∝ R−6 for small aggregates. Collisional growth of a few very large clusters is also observed. Collisions lead to a significant compaction of the dust population, as expected.
Conclusions. The CPA code models the collisional evolution of a dust population and incorporates some novel features, such as the inclusion of mass-asymmetric aggregates (covering a wide range of aggregate radii), inter-granular friction, and the influence of porosity.
Structural integrity and performance investigations of a novel chemically treated cellulosic paper corn/polyester sustainable biocomposites
Authors: AL-Oqla Faris M , Hayajneh Mohammed T , Hoque M E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Facilitating finding low-cost renewable and sustainable environmental functional alternative materials for green products has been recently emphasized. Lignocellulosic materials are of such potential alternatives to enhance the modern cleaner production theme. In this work, several structural parameters, reinforcement conditions, and chemical treatments have been investigated to reveal their effects on the final desired mechanical performance of lignocellulosic corn/polyester composites for sustainable green products. Low-cost treatment solutions as sodium chloride, phosphoric and citric acids were considered for Mediterranean corn agro waste lignocellulosic fibers. Results have revealed that superior mechanical performance enhancements were occurred for the produced bio-composites. It was demonstrated that prepared composites were capable of enhancing the tensile strength as well as modulus for all types of treatment. About 157% tensile strength enhancement was achieved in case of 30 wt.% fiber content when treated with phosphoric and citric acids. Moreover, sodium chloride treatment was capable of achieving 81 MPa for the 20 wt.% fiber loading comparable to 54.7 MPa for the matrix. The modulus of elasticity property was also enhanced more than 600% for the untreated fibers and sodium chloride treated ones. This obviously demonstrates the potential of such low-cost fiber/low cost treatment synergy to fabricate potential green materials for sustainable industrial applications as well as enhance evaluating such materials from various technical stand points for the future sustainable cleaner production.
Prevalence and significance of relative apical sparing in aortic stenosis: insights from an echo and cardiovascular magnetic resonance study of patients referred for surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Abecasis João , Lopes Pedro , Santos Rita Reis , Maltês Sérgio , Guerreiro Sara , Ferreira António , Freitas Pedro , Ribeiras Regina , Andrade Maria João , Manso Rita Theias , Ramos Sancia , Gil Victor , Masci Pier Giorgio , Cardim Nuno 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to assess the prevalence of relative apical sparing pattern (RASP) in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS), referred for surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), to evaluate its significance, possible relation to amyloid deposition, and persistence after surgery.

Methods and results
Prospective study of 150 consecutive patients [age 73 (interquartile range: 68–77), 51% women], with severe symptomatic AS referred to surgical AVR. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) before surgery. RASP was defined by [average apical longitudinal strain (LS)/(average basal LS + average mid LS)] &gt; 1 by echocardiography. AVR was performed in 119 (79.3%) patients. Both Congo red and sodium sulphate-Alcian blue (SAB) stain were used to exclude amyloid on septal myocardial biopsy. LV remodelling and tissue characterization parameters were compared in patients with and without RASP. Deformation pattern was re-assessed at 3–6 months after AVR.
RASP was present in 23 patients (15.3%). There was no suspicion of amyloid at pre-operative CMR [native T1 value 1053 ms (1025–1076 ms); extracellular volume (ECV) 28% (25–30%)]. None of the patients had amyloid deposition at histopathology. Patients with RASP had significantly higher pre-operative LV mass and increased septal wall thickness. They also had higher N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels [1564 (766–3318) vs. 548 (221–1440) pg/mL, P = 0.010], lower LV ejection fraction (53.7 ± 10.5 vs. 60.5 ± 10.2%, P = 0.005), and higher absolute late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) mass [9.7 (5.4–14.1) vs. 4.8 (1.9–8.6) g, P = 0.016] at CMR. Follow-up evaluation after AVR revealed RASP disappearance in all except two of the patients.

Conclusion
RASP is not specific of cardiac amyloidosis. It may also be found in severe symptomatic AS without amyloidosis, reflecting advanced LV disease, being mostly reversible after surgery.
Spatial relationship between mitral valve and ventricular septum assessed by resting echocardiography to diagnose left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Verheyen Nicolas , Batzner Angelika , Zach David , Zirlik Andreas , Gerull Brenda , Frantz Stefan , Maack Christoph , Störk Stefan , Seggewiss Hubert , Morbach Caroline 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) often requires extensive provocative manoeuvers. We investigated, whether echocardiography-derived parameters obtained at rest can aid to determine the presence of LVOTO in persons with HCM.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients with HCM admitted to a referral centre underwent standardized transthoracic echocardiographic examination including provocative manoeuvers. Under resting conditions, the length of mitral leaflets and distances between mitral valve coordinates and ventricular walls were blindly measured in parasternal long axis (PLAX) and apical three-chamber (3ch) views, both at early and late systole. Among 142 patients (mean age 59 ± 13 years, 42% women), 68 (42%) had resting or provocable LVOTO with maximal LVOT gradients ≥30 mmHg. Late-systolic distance between mitral leaflet tip and ventricular septum (TIS) was measurable in 137 participants (96%) in 3ch view and independently associated with LVOTO in multivariable logistic regression analysis. The area under the ROC curve of TIS for the identification of LVOTO was 0.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.96]. TIS ≤ 14 mm yielded 97% sensitivity and 57% specificity regarding LVOTO. TIS &gt;14 mm ruled out LVOTO with a negative predictive value of 95%. TIS ≤9 mm ruled in LVOTO with a positive predictive value of 92% (sensitivity 73%, specificity 95%). Among 43 patients with TIS between 10 and 14 mm, 35% had LVOTO.

Conclusion
In our study, the novel echocardiographic parameter TIS showed high negative and positive predictive values for LVOTO in HCM. These exploratory results await confirmation in larger collectives and prospective investigations.
Inequities in Mental Health Care Facing Racialized Immigrant Older Adults With Mental Disorders Despite Universal Coverage: A Population-Based Study in Canada
Authors: Lin Shen (Lamson) 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Contemporary immigration scholarship has typically treated immigrants with diverse racial backgrounds as a monolithic population. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding how racial and nativity inequities in mental health care intersect and unfold in midlife and old age. This study aims to examine the joint impact of race, migration, and old age in shaping mental health treatment.

Methods
Pooled data were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015–2018) and restricted to respondents (aged ≥45 years) with mood or anxiety disorders (n = 9,099). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate associations between race–migration nexus and past-year mental health consultations (MHC). Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was applied to identify intersecting determinants of MHC.

Results
Compared to Canadian-born Whites, racialized immigrants had greater mental health needs: poor/fair self-rated mental health (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23, 99% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–2.99), perceived life stressful (OR = 1.49, 99% CI: 1.14–1.95), psychiatric comorbidity (OR = 1.42, 99% CI: 1.06–1.89), and unmet needs for care (OR = 2.02, 99% CI: 1.36–3.02); in sharp contrast, they were less likely to access mental health services across most indicators: overall past-year MHC (OR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.41–0.71) and consultations with family doctors (OR = 0.67, 99% CI: 0.50–0.89), psychologists (OR = 0.54, 99% CI: 0.33–0.87), and social workers (OR = 0.37, 99% CI: 0.21–0.65), with the exception of psychiatrist visits (p = .324). The CART algorithm identifies three groups at risk of MHC service underuse: racialized immigrants aged ≥55 years, immigrants without high school diplomas, and linguistic minorities who were home renters.

Discussion
To safeguard health care equity for medically underserved communities in Canada, multisectoral efforts need to guarantee culturally responsive mental health care, multilingual services, and affordable housing for racialized immigrant older adults with mental disorders.
Preparing for the Future While Living in the Present: Older Adults’ Experiences Creating a Legacy of Values
Authors: Neller Sarah A , Cloyes Kristin G , Edelman Linda S , Wong Bob , Baines Barry , Towsley Gail L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
A legacy of values (e.g., legacy letter) is a nonlegal way to intentionally communicate intangible assets (e.g., values, life lessons, and emotional and supportive instruction) with others. There is scant research on legacy creation outside of a palliative care context, and no studies have explored the experiences of community-dwelling older adults creating a legacy of values.

Research Design and Methods
As part of an exploratory sequential mixed methods study, we conducted semistructured interviews with older adults (N = 16) who had previously created a legacy of values. We analyzed transcribed interviews using an interpretive descriptive approach. We iteratively coded interviews deductively with sensitizing concepts identified in the literature (existential well-being, end-of-life preparation and completion, generativity, and resilience), and inductively, based on participants’ descriptions. Codes were categorized by patterns of motivations, content, outcomes, and meaning, and thematically summarized.

Results
We conceptualized the overall experience of creating a legacy of values as Preparing for the Future While Living in the Present and identified 4 themes: Preserving the Intangible for You and for Me, Sharing What I Want You to Know, Obtaining Peace through Reflection and Preparation, and Living into a Continuing Legacy. Participants attained peace, realized their life was not complete, and were challenged to live intentionally through legacy creation.

Discussion and Implications
Creating a legacy of values may concurrently prepare older adults for the end of life and the remainder of life. These findings offer insight into a generative act that can promote intentional living among older adults.
“Thrice Precious Tube!”: Negotiating the Visibility and Efficiency of Early Hearing Aids
Authors: Zdrodowska Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the nineteenth century, acoustic hearing aids (such as ear trumpets or conversation tubes) became ubiquitous attributes of deaf people from polite society. These prostheses were a visible sign of otherwise invisible deafness. Although some deaf people used hearing aids openly and proudly, and constantly attempted to convince others that using them was nothing to be ashamed of, others wanted to hide these stigmatizing devices. Therefore, they were equally (or even more) concerned with their visibility than with their performance when buying these devices. For this reason, manufacturers tried to design instruments to meet the needs of their customers.
This article investigates two design strategies that were used by ear trumpet producers to maneuver between the troubling visibility of these instruments and their performance: the first is hypervisibility—designing hearing aids as luxurious objects of conspicuous consumption; the second is invisibility, which was achieved with miniaturization and camouflage. Both these aesthetic strategies are considered in the context of Victorian technophilia and regimes of the body. As hearing aids became more accessible to the middle class, design patterns spread beyond elite consumption.
Low genetic diversity among introduced axis deer: comments on the genetic paradox and invasive species
Authors: Buchholz Matthew J , Wright Emily A , Grisham Blake A , Bradley Robert D , Arsuffi Thomas L , Conway Warren C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human-mediated introductions and subsequent establishment and spread of nonnative species have the potential to create a founder effect in such populations, which typically results in low genetic diversity and potential for inbreeding. However, several exotic invasive species exhibit a “genetic paradox” in which they thrive and adapt to novel environments while also avoiding complications from low genetic diversity. Axis deer (Axis axis) were introduced into Texas, Hawaii, South America, Australia, and Croatia during the 19th and 20th centuries and successfully established large populations from a few founding individuals. Mitochondrial (Cytochrome-b, Cytb; displacement loop, D-loop) and nuclear (10 microsatellites) markers were used to assess genetic diversity within and between axis deer populations in Texas and Hawaii and then compared to other introduced (Australia and Croatia) and native (India) populations. Overall, mtDNA divergence was 0.54% (Cytb) and 1.55% (D-loop) indicating high mitochondrial similarity within the species. Further, each invasive population was composed of only one or two mtDNA haplotypes. Microsatellite allele diversity also was low within and between populations in Texas and Hawaii resulting in monomorphic loci and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium violations in both populations. The low genetic diversity in native Indian axis deer and within and between invasive populations suggests that the introduced populations experienced founder effects following introduction, and yet overcame this potential handicap by undergoing successful establishment and expansion. Axis deer appear to be another successful invasive species characterized by the genetic paradox where they exhibit genetic profiles that suggest inbreeding effects should be imminent, yet display no signs of inbreeding and are highly successful adapting to novel environments.
Is Clozapine-induced Weight Gain Dose-dependent? Results From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Piras Marianna , Chahma Jihane , Ranjbar Setareh , Laaboub Nermine , Grosu Claire , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , von Gunten Armin , Conus Philippe , Eap Chin Bin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects are risk factors for cardiometabolic comorbidities. Whether dose lowering could mitigate such effects remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the associations between clozapine doses and modifications of weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels.

Study Design
Linear mixed-effects models of weight changes over 1 year and of variations of other metabolic parameters over 4 months were applied to a prospective cohort of 115 patients. Age- and sex-stratified analyses of weight changes were also performed.

Study Results
Each 100 mg dose increment of clozapine was associated on average with a +0.48% weight increase (P = .004) over 1 year of treatment. Weight increase was greater for treatment duration ≤3 vs &gt;3 months (+0.84% and +0.47% per month, respectively, P &lt; .001), with a significant association with the dose for durations &gt;3 months (+0.54%, P = .004) and a trend for durations ≤3 months (+0.33%, P = .075). Dose increments of 100 mg were also associated with weight increases of +0.71% among adults (P = .001), +1.91% among the elderly (P &lt; .001) and +1.32% among men (P &lt; .001) with no associations among women (P = .62). Among young adults, weight change was positively associated with doses ≤300 mg/day (+2.19% per 100 mg, P = .001), whereas no association was found with doses &gt;300 mg/day (P = .60). No significant effect of clozapine dose on other metabolic parameters was found.

Conclusions
This study reports a modest effect of clozapine dose increases on weight gain over 1 year with differences among age categories and sexes and no dose effect on other metabolic parameters over 4 months.