bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Happy Birthday: The Human Right to Water at 20
Authors: Thielbörger Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article reflects on 20 years of the human right to water since its recognition in the groundbreaking General Comment No. 15 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It traces the right’s late and only indirect legal recognition in human rights law, and portrays its normative content along the lines of water availability, quality and accessibility. As two important trends, the paper points to the growing link between water security and the human right to water as a consequence of climate change, as well as to the responsibility of corporations for the human right to water. It concludes that, while the two last decades were focused on the recognition of the right, the coming decades should concentrate on the right’s realization which is lagging behind, for instance in the field of groundwater protection.
Crawford, TWAIL, and Sovereign Equality of States: Similarity and Differences
Authors: Bhardwaj Chhaya , Mehrotra Abhinav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article draws parallel between Crawford and Third World Approach of International Law (TWAIL)’s position of “sovereign equality of states” that has been the defining characteristic of the international system. Both TWAIL and Crawford have underscored the importance of “sovereign equality of states” in international law, specifically for states who may not have equitable resources or power in comparison to the most powerful states that can be seen through the abject poverty faced by these states. The core of the issue being the concentration of power with the powerful states in the international legal, political, and economic order.
Both TWAIL and Crawford have repeatedly highlighted the legacy like negative consequences of colonization and de-colonization on states and the individuals residing within these states as their responsibility gets shifted to the government and the legal system of the new state. As a result, their ability to effectively practice “sovereignty and equality” gets affected as it is contingent upon the acceptance by other states or the international community.
However, Crawford puts away this intersectionality during his work at the International Law Commission (ILC), when “sovereign equality of states” does not make it to the ILC’s list of peremptory norms. Similarly, TWAIL, call for the need for dialogue to establish content of the universally accepted norms like sovereign equality to fully represent the voices of the non-state; non-governmental, rural, and urban poor residing in the third world countries. In this context, the authors attempt to identify whether this similarity is real or circumstantial?
The Genius Universal: a Comparison among Dongba, Ancient Greek, and Archaic Roman Religions
Authors: Xu Duoduo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study compares Shu (god of nature) and See (god of life) in Dongba culture. The two gods could be hypostases of the same ancestral deity. Shu and See are comparable to the Genius in ancient Roman tradition and the god Pan in ancient Greece. These apparently unrelated spirits accompany humans and are possibly connected with representations of deities of life. According to Joseph Rock’s studies, Shu in Dongba culture corresponds to Nāga in Hinduism, which infers the cultural interchange between Shu and See and archaic Indo-European beliefs. The snake-shaped Shu is widely recognizable as an archetypal icon in different cultures, which could be linked to primitive worship of chthonic deities.
Between Globes and Cones
Authors: Oklopcic Zoran 
Published: December 2022

Abstracts
Increasingly preoccupied with the imaginative dimension of contemporary constitutionalism its theorists are yet to offer an analytically sophisticated, conceptually illuminating, and practically useful account of constitutional imagination – not as a historical phenomenon, but as an ongoing, professional activity. The aim of this essay is to contribute to this objective by exploring how theoretical definitions, observations, figurations, representations, narrations, justifications, and aspirations shape – and may yet to shape – our understandings of constitutionalism, constitution-making, constitutional authorship, constituent power, democratic decision-making, sovereign will, institutional hierarchy, legitimate authority, and the role of constitutional norms in political contestation around the world.
The Political Imaginary, or the Democratic Transformation Domain
Authors: Profumi Emanuele 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cornelius Castoriadis’ entire work is shot through with reflections on the political imaginary, but it is rarely named explicitly and is not considered as a central, stand-alone, privileged idea within the social imaginary. This is why it is important to develop this idea in the domain of philosophy of politics. Moreover, for each contemporary democratic movement it is crucial to understand what “Political Imaginary” exactly is, to develop an effective change in politics in itself, as some Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia and Chile) show us. In these countries, there are contemporary socio-historical examples of what is an effective transformation in the political imaginary domain. They allow us to enrich the meta-theoretical reflection through the historical identification of the political imaginary carried out by peculiar instituting movements that generated important transformations in the social self-representation and in the practice of collective power in the countries where they took place.
Nonlinear physics opens a new paradigm for accurate transcription start site prediction
Authors: Barbero-Aparicio José Antonio , Cuesta-Lopez Santiago , García-Osorio César Ignacio , Pérez-Rodríguez Javier , García-Pedrajas Nicolás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is evidence that DNA breathing (spontaneous opening of the DNA strands) plays a relevant role in the interactions of DNA with other molecules, and in particular in the transcription process. Therefore, having physical models that can predict these openings is of interest. However, this source of information has not been used before either in transcription start sites (TSSs) or promoter prediction. In this article, one such model is used as an additional information source that, when used by a machine learning (ML) model, improves the results of current methods for the prediction of TSSs. In addition, we provide evidence on the validity of the physical model, as it is able by itself to predict TSSs with high accuracy. This opens an exciting avenue of research at the intersection of statistical mechanics and ML, where ML models in bioinformatics can be improved using physical models of DNA as feature extractors.
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolism reveals potential roles of carbon fixation and photorespiratory metabolism in response to drought in Shanlan upland rice
Authors: Zhou Shubo , He Lijing , Lin Wei , Su Yi , Liu Qing , Qu Mingnan , Xiao Langtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShanlan upland rice is an important landrace rice resource and is characterized with high drought stress (DS) tolerance relative to cultivated rice. However, the molecular mechanism of DS response in Shanlan upland rice remains unclear. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of transcriptome and targeted metabolism to decipher the key biological pathways that responded to drought tolerance using two Shanlan upland rice lines. Results show that SL10 possesses 64% higher photosynthetic efficiency (Pn) and 2-fold higher water use efficiency (WUE) than that in SL1 exposed to DS. The decrease in Pn by DS is not due to stomatal limitation effects for SL1. Transcriptome analysis suggests photosynthesis relevant pathways (photosynthesis-antenna proteins and carbon fixation) and photorespiration relevant pathway (glycine, serine and threonine metabolism) in SL1 under DS were significantly enriched in the down-regulated and up-regulated DEGs list, respectively. There are 412 up-regulated and 233 down-regulated drought responsive genes (DRGs) in SL10 relative to SL1 induced by DS. Targeted metabolism results suggest that the contents across five metabolites related to carbon fixation pathway were declined by 36 and 8% in SL1 and SL10 caused by DS, respectively. We finally summarized the both gene expression and metabolites involved in photorespiration and carbon fixation pathways in response to DS in both rice lines. This study provides valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance in Shanlan rice.
Anesthesia and surgery-induced elevation of CSF sTREM2 is associated with early cognitive dysfunction after thoracoabdominal aortic dissection surgery
Authors: Wang Kexin , Cao Xuezhao , Li Zhe , Liu Sidan , Zhou Yongjian , Guo Lili , Li Pengli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) concentration is increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in early symptomatic phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study investigated whether CSF sTREM2 has a relationship with early cognitive dysfunction following surgery in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
A total of 82 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic replacement were recruited in this study. Neuropsychological testing battery was conducted before and after surgery. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was defined as a Z-score > 1.96 on at least 2 different tests or Telephone Interviews for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-M) score < 27. The CSF and serum sTREM2, Aβ42, T-tau and P-tau were collected and measured by ELISA on day before surgery and postoperative day 3.

Results
Patients were classified into POCD (n = 34) and non-POCD (n = 48) groups according to Z-score. Compared to non-POCD group, the levels of CSF sTREM2 (p < 0.001) and serum sTREM2 (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in POCD group on postoperative day 3. The levels of Aβ42 (p = 0.005) and Aβ42/T-tau ratio (p = 0.036) were significantly lower in POCD group on postoperative day 3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher value of postoperative CSF sTREM2 (odds ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.11, p = 0.009), age (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.03–1.28, p = 0.014) and POD duration (OR: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.15–5.29, p = 0.02) were the risk factors of POCD.

Conclusion
This study indicates that anesthesia and surgery-induced elevation of CSF sTREM2 is associated with an increased risk of early cognitive dysfunction following surgery.
Effect of facemask oxygenation with and without positive pressure ventilation on gastric volume during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy or partial hepatectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Guangting , Ma Liyun , Tian Ke , Cao Yuqi , Qin Zaisheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Studies focusing on the relationship between gastric volume and facemask oxygenation without ventilation during apnea in anesthesia induction are scarce. This study compared the change in gastric volume during apnea in anesthesia induction using facemask ventilation and facemask oxygenation without ventilation in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial, 70 adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups to receive facemask oxygenation with and without ventilation for 60 seconds after loss of consciousness. Before anesthesia induction and after endotracheal intubation, the gastric antral cross-sectional area was measured with ultrasound imaging. Arterial blood gases were tested at baseline (T1), after preoxygenation (T2), after loss of consciousness (T3), and before and after endotracheal intubation (T4 and T5, respectively).

Results
Sixty patients were included (ventilation n = 30; non ventilation n = 30, 10 patients were excluded). The median [IQR] change of gastric antral cross-sectional area in ventilation group was significantly higher than in non ventilation group (0.83 [0.20 to 1.54] vs. 0.10 [− 0.11 to 0.56] cm2, P = 0.001). At T4 and T5, the PaO2 in ventilation group was significantly higher than in non ventilation group (T4: 391.83 ± 61.53 vs. 336.23 ± 74.99 mmHg, P < 0.01; T5: 364.00 ± 58.65 vs. 297.13 ± 86.95 mmHg, P < 0.01), while the PaCO2 in non ventilation group was significantly higher (T4: 46.57 ± 5.78 vs. 37.27 ± 6.10 mmHg, P < 0.01; T5: 48.77 ± 6.59 vs. 42.63 ± 6.03 mmHg, P < 0.01) and the pH value in non ventilation group was significantly lower (T4: 7.35 ± 0.029 vs 7.42 ± 0.047, P < 0.01; T5: 7.34 ± 0.033 vs 7.39 ± 0.044, P < 0.01). At T4, the HCO3− in non ventilation group was significantly higher (25.79 ± 2.36 vs. 23.98 ± 2.18 mmol l− 1, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
During apnoea, the increase in gastric volume was milder in patients undergoing facemask oxygenation without ventilation than with positive pressure ventilation.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2100054193, 10/12/2021, Title: “Effect of positive pressure and non-positive pressure ventilation on gastric volume during induction of general anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial”. Website: https://www.chictr.ogr.cn.
Association of motor index scores with fall incidence among community-dwelling older people
Authors: Liu Xiao , Abudukeremu Ayiguli , Jiang Yuan , Cao Zhengyu , Wu Maoxiong , Zheng Kai , Ma Jianyong , Sun Runlu , Chen Zhiteng , Chen Yangxin , Zhang Yuling , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral kinds of motor dysfunction have been studied for predicting future fall risk in community-dwelling older individuals. However, no study has tested the ability of the fine motor index (FINEA) and gross motor index (GROSSA) to predict the risk of falling, as well as the specific fall type.ObjectiveWe investigated the associations of FINEA/GROSSA scores with fall risk, explained falls, and unexplained falls.MethodsA total of 6267 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 50 years from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) cohort were included. First, the associations of FINEA and GROSSA scores with the history of total falls, explained falls and unexplained falls were assessed in a cross-sectional study and further verified in a prospective cohort after 2 years of follow-up by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsWe found that high FINEA and GROSSA scores were positively associated with almost all fall histories (FINEA scores: total falls: adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.28,P = 0.009; explained falls: aPR = 1.15,P = 0.231; unexplained falls: aPR = 1.88,P < 0.001; GROSSA scores: total falls: aPR = 1.39,P < 0.001; explained falls: aPR = 1.28,P = 0.012; unexplained falls: aPR = 2.18,P < 0.001) in a cross-sectional study. After 2 years of follow-up, high FINEA scores were associated with an increased incidence of total falls (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 1.42,P = 0.016) and explained falls (aRR = 1.51,P = 0.020) but not with unexplained falls (aRR = 1.41,P = 0.209). High GROSSA scores were associated with an increased incidence of unexplained falls (aRR = 1.57,P = 0.041) and were not associated with either total falls (aRR = 1.21,P = 0.129) or explained falls (aRR = 1.07,P = 0.656). Compared with individuals without limitations in either the FINEA or GROSSA, individuals with limitations in both indices had a higher risk of falls, including total falls (aRR = 1.35,P = 0.002), explained falls (aRR = 1.31,P = 0.033) and unexplained falls (aRR = 1.62,P = 0.004).ConclusionFINEA scores were positively associated with accidental falls, while GROSSA scores were positively associated with unexplained falls. The group for whom both measures were impaired showed a significantly higher risk of both explained and unexplained falls. FINEA or GROSSA scores should be investigated further as possible tools to screen for and identify community-dwelling adults at high risk of falling.
A new model of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers predicting overall survival of osteosarcoma: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Huang Xianying , Liu Yongjin , Liang Weifeng , Luo Kai , Qin Yiwu , Li Feicui , Xie Tianyu , Qin Haibiao , He Juliang , Wei Qingjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of preoperative C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in predicting overall survival (OS) of osteosarcoma, to establish a nomogram of an individualized prognostic prediction model for osteosarcoma.

Methods
Two hundred thirty-five patients with osteosarcoma from multiple centers were included in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Youden index were used to determine the optimal cutoff values ​​for CAR, NLR, and PLR. Univariate analysis using COX proportional hazards model to identify factors associated with OS in osteosarcoma, and multivariate analysis of these factors to identify independent prognostic factors. R software (4.1.3-win) rms package was used to build a nomogram, and the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to assess model accuracy and discriminability.

Results
Univariate analysis revealed that the OS of osteosarcoma is significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with CAR, NLR, PLR, Enneking stage, tumor size, age, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), and high alkaline phosphatase. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CAR, NLR, Enneking stage, NACT and tumor size are independent prognostic factors for OS of osteosarcoma. The calibration curve shows that the nomogram constructed from these factors has acceptable consistency and calibration capability.

Conclusion
Preoperative CAR and NLR were independent predictors of osteosarcoma prognosis, and the combination of nomogram model can realize individualized prognosis prediction and guide medical practice.
Exploring challenges and mitigation strategies towards practicing Teledentistry
Authors: Fahim Ayesha , Saleem Zakia , Malik Khizar Ansar , Atta Komal , Mahmood Rizwan , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Sethi Ahsan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many dentists have opted for Teledentistry as a mechanism for patient consultation, oral lesion evaluation, diagnosis, and monitoring. The current study explores the challenges faced and potential solutions proposed by dentists practicing Teledentistry in a developing country like Pakistan.MethodsA qualitative case study was carried out from January to December 2021. A purposive maximum variation sample of 10 dentists was interviewed in two focus groups. The interview guide was developed using the technology–organization–environment framework. The data was transcribed verbatim using otter.ai. The analysis involved immersion in the data and open coding. The conceptually related codes were synthesized into themes and subthemes.FindingsThe study found various Personnel, Technological and Organizational challenges, and potential solutions from those practicing Teledentistry. The challenges included operational cost, minimal financial returns, lack of awareness, hardware and software support, and other challenges related to the availability of specialization, accessibility, and institutional encouragement. They suggested Institutional Based Practice, staff training, hiring, development of government regulations, and supporting infrastructures such as designated space, central registry, internet, and using/building software to provide 3D images as solutions.ConclusionTeledentists face Personnel, Technological and Organizational challenges and related potential solutions from those practicing Teledentistry in Pakistan. Government should encourage Teledentistry to reduce long-term costs, encourage preventive services and enable rural access to dental care. They should also involve all stakeholders to develop regulations for practicing Teledentistry in Pakistan.
Application of machine learning techniques for predicting survival in ovarian cancer
Authors: Sorayaie Azar Amir , Babaei Rikan Samin , Naemi Amin , Bagherzadeh Mohasefi Jamshid , Pirnejad Habibollah , Bagherzadeh Mohasefi Matin , Wiil Uffe Kock 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of mortality among women in the United States. Ovarian cancer is also known as forgotten cancer or silent disease. The survival of ovarian cancer patients depends on several factors, including the treatment process and the prognosis.

Methods
The ovarian cancer patients’ dataset is compiled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. With the help of a clinician, the dataset is curated, and the most relevant features are selected. Pearson’s second coefficient of skewness test is used to evaluate the skewness of the dataset. Pearson correlation coefficient is also used to investigate the associations between features. Statistical test is utilized to evaluate the significance of the features. Six Machine Learning (ML) models, including K-Nearest Neighbors , Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), are implemented for survival prediction in both classification and regression approaches. An interpretable method, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), is applied to clarify the decision-making process and determine the importance of each feature in prediction. Additionally, DTs of the RF model are displayed to show how the model predicts the survival intervals.

Results
Our results show that RF (Accuracy = 88.72%, AUC = 82.38%) and XGBoost (Root Mean Squad Error (RMSE)) = 20.61%, R2 = 0.4667) have the best performance for classification and regression approaches, respectively. Furthermore, using the SHAP method along with extracted DTs of the RF model, the most important features in the dataset are identified. Histologic type ICD-O-3, chemotherapy recode, year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and grade are the most important determinant factors in survival prediction.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first study that develops various ML models to predict ovarian cancer patients’ survival on the SEER database in both classification and regression approaches. These ML algorithms also achieve more accurate results and outperform statistical methods. Furthermore, our study is the first study to use the SHAP method to increase confidence and transparency of the proposed models’ prediction for clinicians. Moreover, our developed models, as an automated auxiliary tool, can help clinicians to have a better understanding of the estimated survival as well as important features that affect survival.