bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative proteomics reveals PPAR signaling pathway regulates the cardiomyocyte activity of neonatal mouse heart
Authors: Li Xinyu , Wang Nannan , Gui Minhui , Wang Chengzhi , Ding Yibing , Bai Bing , Li Chaojun , Zhang Jingzi , Fang Lei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most morbid and deadly types of diseases worldwide, while the existing therapeutic approaches all have their limitations. Mouse heart undergoes a very complex postnatal developmental process, including the 1‐week window in which cardiomyocytes (CMs) maintain relatively high cell activity. The underlying mechanism provides an attractive direction for CVDs treatment. Herein, we collected ventricular tissues from mice of different ages from E18.5D to P8W and performed iTRAQ‐based quantitative proteomics to characterize the atlas of cardiac development. A total of 3422 proteins were quantified at all selected time points, revealing critical proteomic changes related to cardiac developmental events such as the metabolic transition from glycolysis to beta‐oxidation. A cluster of significantly dysregulated proteins containing proteins that have already been reported to be associated with cardiac regeneration (Erbb2, Agrin, and Hmgb) was identified. Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway (Cpt1α, Hmgcs2, Plin2, and Fabp4) was also found specifically enriched. We further revealed that bezafibrate, a pan‐activator of PPAR signaling pathway markedly enhanced H9C2 cardiomyocyte activity via enhancing Cpt1α expression. This work provides new hint that activation of PPAR signaling pathway could potentially be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CVDs.
Postgraduate education and job mismatch in Italy: Does migration help?
Authors: Aronica Martina , Faggian Alessandra , Insolda Debora , Piacentino Davide 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDoctoral graduates represent the pinnacle of education. While the importance of increasing their number has been recognised by the Italian government and there has been a huge increase in the number of publicly funded PhD scholarships, doctoral graduates still struggle in the labour market to find employment commensurate with their skills and competencies. It is against this backdrop that the role of migration becomes crucial. Exploiting Italian microdata at the census level, this study aims to investigate how human capital migration, occurring at different ‘times’ of individual's life and across different regions, could mitigate the potential education–job mismatch, which is measured here from a multidimensional perspective by looking at overeducation, overskilling and satisfaction. Our findings reveal some positive effects of migration on reducing this mismatch. Moreover, the study highlights two relevant gaps, the first between domestic and foreign workers and the second between genders.
Counterurbanization, gentrification and the potential for rural revitalisation in China
Authors: Liu Pingyang , Bai Xue , Ravenscroft Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStimulating counterurbanization has long been understood as a potential approach to revitalising rural areas. While well‐established in many countries, in China, it is taking a particular time‐limited form and characteristic dominated by issues of domicile and property rights. Rather than being characterised by long‐term life choices, counterurbanization in China is predominantly a shorter‐term leisure and tourism activity in which urbanites ‘curate’, for a limited period, a gentrified country lifestyle in accessible near‐urban villages. These lifestyles are in some ways akin to second‐home tourism. However, rather than purchase property as an investment, this new movement rents and renovates property as a consumption good with which to welcome other urbanites to visit, to consume and affirm these newly gentrified spaces and leisure opportunities. Based on a case study of Cenbu Village near Shanghai, this paper argues that current approaches to counterurbanization in China have limited impact on the revitalisation of local communities. Rather, newcomers from the cities largely superimpose their needs on the village in a way both ephemeral and removed from local people and village life. This comes about less as a mark of distain on the part of the incomers, and more as a result of their exclusion from key village institutions such as collective ownership, rights of domicile and ability to contribute to local governance. The paper concludes by arguing that mechanisms should be developed to enhance the long‐term confidence of newcomers, to encourage them to engage with community governance as a means of shaping the community and contributing more effectively to endogenous village revitalisation.
A review on environmental effect of various designs and types of drying methods
Authors: Mani Purusothaman , Nataraj Praveen Kumar , Gopi Shrivishnupathy , Ponnappan Venkatesan Sorakka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFruits and vegetables are nutritious and good in minerals, vitamins, and fib. Most fresh fruits and vegetables contain a minimum of 70% of moisture content which causes the formation of bacteria, fungi, and viruses to affect and cause the items to rot. But dried fruits contain only less than 20% of moisture content. So drying the fruits and vegetables helps to preserve the items for longer use without causing them to rot. Dried fruits have a great source of antioxidants and help in health benefits like improving blood flow, and reducing the effects of many diseases. Compared to fresh fruits, dried fruits are good in nutrition and have less weight for packaging and transportation usage. For drying materials, various types of solar dryers are used. Natural or open sun drying methods comparatively consume more than 12 h to dry material, whereas, direct and indirect drying methods would enhance the efficiency and dry the products quicker than open drying. For the consideration of quality drying and to increase efficiency, various modifications of solar dryers are designed and fabricated. In this review, we discussed the most appropriate developments in the drying of food items, required phase change materials (PCMs), performance, and environmental analysis of SD, and also reported the various designs of the solar drying techniques.
The Economics and Politics of Dedicated Funerary Provision for Migrant and Minority Groups: A Perspective from the Netherlands
Authors: Jedan Christoph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present chapter analyses the economic, political and cultural factors that enhance or limit dedicated funerary provision for migrant and minority groups. The chapter underscores the importance of a clear analysis of the specific local conditions. To demonstrate the impact of contextual factors, the chapter offers an analysis of how migratory trends in the Netherlands as well as cultural, political and economic trends at the municipal level have knock-on effects for funerary provision. At the same time, researchers, planners and policy makers need to be aware of a significant “diversity within diversity-readiness”: there is considerable (historical and contemporary) variation of funerary provision that can claim to “include” (accommodate, integrate and/or assimilate) migrant and minority groups. In this vein, the chapter distinguishes four “ideal types” of cemetery design. The chapter argues for a framework (“Eight Factor Framework of specific funerary provision for minority and migrant groups”), which can serve as a heuristic tool for researchers and stakeholders who need to decide on dedicated funerary facilities. The chapter concludes by suggesting that “free fields”, with few restrictions on the placement and adornments of graves, might be a fairer and more cost-effective way of accommodating the ritual needs of members of smaller minorities than separate funerary facilities aimed at different ethnic and religious groups.
Cemeteries as Translocal Contact Zones: Navigating Regulations, Unwritten Rules and Divergent Expectations in Luxembourg City
Authors: Westendorp Mariske , Kmec Sonja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMigration, intercultural encounters and integration do not cease with death, but are taken with the deceased into cemetery grounds. This chapter explores the translocal dimension of cemeteries, where diverse expectations and practices are confronted by, engage with and respond to regulations and unwritten rules of this particular public space. This chapter looks at migrants who wish to be buried or have buried close kin or friends in Luxembourg, a small country in Northwestern Europe. Disposition of the dead in the host country instead of post-mortal repatriation is often seen as sign of integration or belonging. However, this choice must be understood in the context of a set of constraints that can be experienced in a variety of ways. Examining three contested issues at cemeteries (burial practices, cemetery and grave design, and grave perpetuity), we show how both the regulations and unwritten rules of cemeteries are negotiated and challenged by individual migrants and migrant communities, highlighting different practices of lived citizenship. Based on participant experiences and narratives, we argue for the necessity of valuing and managing cemeteries, less as bounded spaces that can foster integration during life and after, but as permeable and transformative contact zones in which translocal citizenship can be enacted.
Minorities In, Minorities Out: Cemeteries, Religious Diversity and the French Body Politic in Contemporary and Historical Perspective
Authors: Hunter Alistair 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on religious diversity and cemeteries in France, comparing historical practice with the contemporary management of death in diversity. Its starting point is the present-day intransigence of local authorities in creating space for Muslims in French municipal cemeteries. The chapter proceeds to link these contemporary manifestations with historical perspectives. In earlier times, Jews, Protestants and free-thinkers were regularly denied burial as equals in French cemeteries, and sometimes expelled entirely from cemeteries (refus de sépulture). The laicising state of the nineteenth century intervened to ensure equality of burial and by extension full membership of the French body politic. The second part of the paper argues that today’s refusal to create Muslim sections in French municipal cemeteries constitutes a modern-day refus de sépulture which harms social harmony and cohesion. Nonetheless, the scale at which this rejection takes place is of a different magnitude: not removal from the consecrated part of the cemetery, but potentially complete ejection from the national territory, with perverse effects for the integration of migrant-origin communities. The chapter is based on qualitative fieldwork undertaken in France in 2016, drawing from semi-structured interviews with religious representatives, funerary professionals and politicians, combined with an analysis of secondary sources for the presentation of historical perspectives.
Contemporary ‘Outsiders’ in Narratives of Belonging in Cork’s Cemeteries: Reflections on Experiences of Irish Travellers and Recent Polish Migrants
Authors: McClymont Katie , House Danielle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores how cemeteries function as spaces of inclusion or exclusion for recent migrants and longstanding ‘outsiders’. It does so by focusing on experiences of the Polish and Irish Traveller communities, the most recent and longstanding minorities in Cork, Ireland. As such it highlights the many ways mobilities intersect with identity and belonging within the contemporary Irish context.
Co-creating and Co-producing Multicultural Cemeteries in Norway and Sweden: A Comparative Study with Insights from Drammen, Eskilstuna and Umeå
Authors: Nordh Helena , Knapskog Marianne , Priya Uteng Tanu , Wingren Carola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aims to broaden the scope of attention paid to multicultural societies in existing migration and mobilities literature, through expanding on the topic of spatial design, planning and management of contemporary cemeteries in light of increasing multiculturalism. The chapter explores how national judicial acts and practices facilitate or hinder inclusion of minorities’ needs and the existing local level measures in three Scandinavian towns to safeguard the needs of minorities in cemeteries and crematoria. The empirical data consists of analysis of legislative acts and qualitative interviews with 28 stakeholders in three medium/large-sized towns. As will be shown, Swedish and Norwegian burial acts share many similarities – for example, both acknowledge the need to meet particular burial and cremation needs for people not belonging to the Christian church. Differences mainly relate to how religion and belief communities are involved in the development of cemeteries. Through the interviews, we extract a nuanced picture of how individual towns work with ‘multiculturalism’ by elaborating on the following components that emerged from the analysis: presence of diversity, accommodation of various needs, cooperation with minorities, and reflections over special grave areas or cemetery sections for minorities. This study’s comparative outlook informs current debates on migration and mobilities and further sheds light on the specific inputs for forming policies and practices aiming at facilitating a multicultural approach when designing, planning and managing cemeteries and crematoria.
European Language Equality: Introduction
Authors: Rehm Georg , Way Andy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the EU-funded project European Language Equality (ELE). It motivates the project by taking a general look at multilingualism, especially with regard to the political equality of all languages in Europe. Since 2010, several projects and initiatives have developed the notion of utilising sophisticated language technologies to unlock and enable multilingualism technologically. However, despite a landmark resolution that was adopted by the European Parliament in 2018, no significant progress has been made. Together with the whole European LT community, and making use of a concerted community consultation process, the ELE project produced strategic recommendations that specify how to bring about full digital language equality in Europe and reach the scientific goal of Deep Natural Language Understanding by 2030, not only addressing but eventually solving the problem of digital inequality of Europe’s languages.
Language Report Czech
Authors: Hlaváčová Jaroslava 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides basic data about Language Technology for the Czech language. After a brief introduction with general facts about the language (history, linguistic features, writing system, dialects), we touch upon Czech in the digital sphere. The main achievements in the field of NLP are presented: important datasets (corpora, treebanks, lexicons etc.) and tools (morphological analyzers, taggers, automatic translators, voice recognisers and generators, keyword extracters etc).
Language Report Estonian
Authors: Muischnek Kadri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter gives a brief overview of Estonian LT tools and resources (Muischnek 2022; Liin et al. 2012). The Estonian language has only around one million speakers and so the market for Estonian LT products is also a small one. In general, the current situation of Estonian LT is acceptable for a small language, but far from perfect. The main force driving the development of Estonian LT has been the public sector and so the resources and tools developed by publicly funded projects are mainly open source. Nonetheless, during the last decade, the private sector has also engaged in creating tools and solutions for Estonian.
Language Report French
Authors: Adda Gilles , Vasilescu Ioana , Yvon François 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents a survey of the current state of technologies for the automatic processing of the French language. It is based on a thorough analysis of existing tools and resources for French, and also provides an accurate presentation of the domain and its main stakeholders (Adda et al. 2022). The chapter documents the presence of French on the internet and describes in broad terms the existing technologies for the French language. It also spells out general conclusions and formulates recommendations for progress towards deep language understanding for French.
Language Report Latvian
Authors: Skadiņa Inguna , Auziņa Ilze , Valkovska Baiba , Grūzītis Normunds 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTen years ago, when META-NET conducted a study on Language Technology support for Europe’s languages, Latvian was assessed as a language with little or no support (Skadiņa et al. 2012). During the last decade, progress has been made in the development of language resources and tools for Latvian, particularly with respect to advanced datasets and language models, machine translation solutions, speech technologies, and technologies for natural language understanding and human-computer interaction. This chapter provides a summary of the current state of the Latvian language, the only official language of Latvia, in the digital environment and highlights the most important activities in the language technology field.
Language Report Lithuanian
Authors: Gaidienė Anželika , Tamulionienė Aurelija 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in adapting the Lithuanian language to the digital environment. A number of digital language resources and basic language analysis tools, as well as complex online language services and the Lithuanian language ontology have been developed, while a number of computer programs and tools have been localised. Computer applications relevant to society are being Lithuanianised, and the standardisation of computer terms is being carried out. Lithuanian researchers actively participate in the cooperation and mobility activities of international associations, and a core of Lithuanian specialists working in the field of IT application, and developing innovative work in this field, has been formed. Lithuania also strives for all citizens to have full access to digital solutions, which adds importance to the policy of adapting them for those living with disabilities.
Language Report Maltese
Authors: Rosner Michael , Borg Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter is a highly abbreviated version of an update (Rosner and C. Borg 2022) to the META-NET White Paper on Maltese (Rosner and Joachimsen 2012). Like its predecessor, the update forms part of a series for all European Languages. Section 1 provides a brief description of the language, its national status, its general typology as a language, and its current usage in the digital sphere. Section 2 gives an overview of technologies and resources that are currently available. Finally, Section 3 frames the main shortcomings of Maltese language technology in terms of fragmentation, and offers some recommendations on how that might be reduced.
Language Report Polish
Authors: Ogrodniczuk Maciej , Pęzik Piotr , Łaziński Marek , Miłkowski Marcin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe quality of language technology (LT) for Polish has greatly improved recently, influenced by three independent trends. The first one is Poland-specific and concerns the increase in national funding of both scientific and R&D projects, resulting in the construction of The National Corpus of Polish and the development of the CLARIN-PL and DARIAH-PL infrastructures. Two other trends are global: the development of language resources (LRs) and tools by private companies and of course, the deep learning revolution which has led to enormous improvements in the state-of-the-art in all fields of language processing.
Results of the Forward-looking Community-wide Consultation
Authors: Daly Emma , Dunne Jane , Gaspari Federico , Lynn Teresa , Resende Natalia , Way Andy , Giagkou Maria , Piperidis Stelios , Vojtěchová Tereza , Hajič Jan , Grützner-Zahn Annika , Hegele Stefanie , Marheinecke Katrin , Rehm Georg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWithin the ELE project three complementary online surveys were designed and implemented to consult the Language Technology (LT) community with regard to the current state of play and the future situation in about 2030 in terms of Digital Language Equality (DLE). While Chapters 4 and 38 provide a general overview of the community consultation methodology and the results with regard to the current situation as of 2022, this chapter summarises the results concerning the future situation in 2030. All of these results have been taken into account for the specification of the project’s Strategic Research, Innovation and Implementation Agenda (SRIA) and Roadmap for Achieving Full DLE in Europe by 2030.
Deep Dive Machine Translation
Authors: Skadiņa Inguna , Vasiḷjevs Andrejs , Pinnis Mārcis , Bērziņš Aivars , Aranberri Nora , Bogaert Joachim Van den , O’Connor Sally , García-Martínez Mercedes , Goenaga Iakes , Hajič Jan , Herranz Manuel , Lieske Christian , Popel Martin , Popović Maja , Castilho Sheila , Gaspari Federico , Rosa Rudolf , Superbo Riccardo , Way Andy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMachine Translation (MT) is one of the oldest language technologies having been researched for more than 70 years. However, it is only during the last decade that it has been widely accepted by the general public, to the point where in many cases it has become an indispensable tool for the global community, supporting communication between nations and lowering language barriers. Still, there remain major gaps in the technology that need addressing before it can be successfully a0146pplied in under-resourced settings, can understand context and use world knowledge. This chapter provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the field of MT, offers technical and scientific forecasting for 2030, and provides recommendations for the advancement of MT as a critical technology if the goal of digital language equality in Europe is to be achieved.
Deep Dive Data and Knowledge
Authors: Kaltenböck Martin , Revenko Artem , Choukri Khalid , Boytcheva Svetla , Lieske Christian , Lynn Teresa , Rigau German , Heuschkel Maria , Farwell Aritz , Jones Gareth , Aldabe Itziar , Estarrona Ainara , Marheinecke Katrin , Piperidis Stelios , Arranz Victoria , Vandeghinste Vincent , Borg Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis deep dive on data, knowledge graphs (KGs) and language resources (LRs) is the final of the four technology deep dives, as data as well as related models are the basis for technologies and solutions in the area of Language Technology (LT) for European digital language equality (DLE). This chapter focuses on the data and LRs required to achieve full DLE in Europe by 2030. The main components identified – data, KGs, LRs – are explained, and used to analyse the state-of-the-art as well as identify gaps. All of these components need to be tackled in the future, for the widest range of languages possible, from official EU languages to dialects to non- EU languages used in Europe. For all these languages, efficient data collection and sustainable data provision to be facilitated with fair conditions and costs. Specific technologies, methodologies and tools have been identified to enable the implementation of the vision of DLE by 2030. In addition, data-related business models and data-governance models are discussed, as they are considered a prerequisite for a working data economy that stimulates a vibrant LT landscape that can bring about European DLE.