bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestive enzymes activities in Oreochromis niloticus fed diet supplemented with recombinant growth hormone
Authors: Vinasyiam Apriana , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Alimuddin , 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT The specific activity of the digestive enzymes, namely: pepsin, amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin were studied in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed diet supplemented with recombinant Ephinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH). The results showed that fish treated with rE1GH showed lower lipase and chymotrypsin specific activities (P>0.05), while the trypsin/chymotrypsin specific activity (T/C ratio) was found higher compared to control fish. Moreover, higher protein digestibility, higher protein retention and a lower ammonia excretion rate were measured for rE1GH treated fish. Oral rElGH administration enhanced Nile tilapia growth up to 20.04%, without affecting survival. This study suggested that rapid growth performance induced by rElGH was linked with T/C ratio rather than the specific activity of other digestive enzymes. Keywords: recombinant growth hormone, digestive enzyme, digestibility, Oreochromis niloticus ABSTRAK Aktivitas spesifik enzim pencernaan pepsin, amilase, lipase, tripsin, dan kemotripsin diamati pada ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus yang diberi pakan mengandung hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan ikan kerapu kertang Ephinephelus lanceolatus (rElGH)). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ikan uji pada perlakuan rElGH memiliki aktivitas spesifik enzim lipase dan kemotripsin yang lebih rendah, sedangkan rasio tripsin/kemotripsin (rasio T/C) yang lebih tinggi dibandingan ikan kontrol. Kecernaan protein dan retensi protein bernilai lebih tinggi sementara laju ekskresi amonia bernilai lebih rendah pada ikan perlakuan. Pemberian rElGH secara oral mampu mempercepat laju pertumbuhan ikan nila hingga 20,04% tanpa memengaruhi kelangsungan hidup. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan cepat yang diinduksi oleh rElGH berhubungan dengan rasio T/C dibandingkan dengan aktivitas spesifik enzim pencernaan lain. Kata kunci: hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan, enzim pencernaan, kecernaan, Oreochromis niloticus
Immunity and growth of freshwater prawn fed with dietary β-glucan supplementation
Authors: Ekasari Julie , Napitupulu Jhon Lamhot F. , Surawidjaja Enang Harris 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the most important aquaculture commodities in Indonesia. This study evaluated the effect of dietary β-glucan supplementation (0%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.225%) on the immune parameters, survival, and growth of giant freshwater prawn. Prawn juvenile with an initial body weight of 1.25±0.041 g was randomly distributed into eight units of glass aquaria (150 L) with a density of 16 animals/aquarium. Phenoloxydase activity, total and differential haemocyte counts, survival, and specific growth rate of the prawn were measured and calculated on the final day of experiment (day 42). Phenoloxydase activity, total and differential haemocyte counts of β-glucan treatments were higher than control, whereas no significant difference was observed in survival. The highest specific growth rate was observed in the 0.15% β-glucan supplementation treatment with 1.92%/day. Keywords: phenoloxydase activity, haemocyte, β-glucan, specific growth rate, giant freshwater prawn ABSTRAK Udang galah Macrobrachium rosenbergii merupakan salah satu komoditas akuakultur yang penting di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi pakan dengan β-glukan sebesar 0%, 0,075%, 0,15%, dan 0,225% terhadap parameter imunitas dan kinerja pertumbuhan udang galah. Juvenil udang dengan bobot tebar rata-rata 1,25±0,041 g ditebar secara acak pada delapan unit akuarium (150 L) dengan padat tebar 16 ekor/akuarium. Parameter yang diamati adalah aktivitas fenoloksidase (PO), jumlah dan diferensiasi hemosit, sintasan, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik yang diukur dan dihitung setelah 42 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivitas PO, total hemosit, dan diferensial hemosit pada udang yang diberi pakan dengan suplementasi β-glukan cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sintasan masing-masing perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan kontrol. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan β-glukan 0,15% sebesar 1,92%/hari. Kata kunci: aktivitas phenoloxydase, hemosit, β-glukan, udang galah, laju pertumbuhan spesifik
Ovulation time and ovulated eggs count of sneakehead Channa striata induced by prostaglandin 2α with different doses
Authors: Jamlaay Frits , Widodo Maheno Sri , Faqih Abd. Rahem 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT Snakehead fish Channa striata is one of freshwater commodity which has high economic value. Nowadays, snakehead fish stock mostly comes from wild capture. Artificial spawning with hormonal induction is usually used to improve broodstock efficiency, as well as the quality and quantity of fish seed production. Purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α) hormone on ovulation time and count of ovulated eggs. This experiment used 30–40 cm broodstock with 600–900 g body weight. Fishes were acclimated for one week in a container and then injected with different doses of PGF2α, namely: control without PGF2α (P1), 0.5 mL/kg (P2); 0.7mL/kg (P3); and 0.9 mL/kg (P4). Each treatment consisted of three fishes as replication. Ovulation time was observed until 72 hours post injection. The results showed that PGF2α injected broodstoks ovulated faster (9.17–12.24 hours post injection) than control P1 (22.67 hours), while among PGF2α injected fishes were the same. Furthermore, count of ovulated eggs from PGF2α induced broodstocks were higher than control P1, and the highest (2,860 eggs) was obtained in treatment 0.9 mL/kg. Thus, PGF2α at dose of 0.9 mL/kg can be used to induce eggs ovulation of snakehead fish and to increase count of ovulated eggs. Keywords: PGF2α, ovulation time, ovulated eggs count, Channa striata ABSTRAK Ikan gabus Channa striata merupakan salah satu komoditas air tawar yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi. Saat ini, pemenuhan kebutuhan hanya bergantung pada hasil penangkapan di alam. Cara pemijahan buatan dengan induksi hormon biasanya digunakan untuk efisiensi penggunaan induk serta peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas benih ikan yang dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas hormon prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α) terhadap waktu ovulasi dan jumlah telur ikan gabus yang diovulasikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan induk ikan gabus berukuran 30–40 cm dengan bobot tubuh 600–900 g. Ikan diadaptasikan di wadah penelitian selama seminggu, kemudian diinjeksi hormon PGF2α dengan perlakuan hormon dengan dosis berbeda, yaitu: kontrol tanpa hormon (P1), 0,5 mL/kg (P2); 0,7 mL/kg (P3); dan 0,9 mL/kg (P4). Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas tiga ekor induk sebagai ulangan. Waktu ovulasi diamati sampai dengan 72 jam pascasuntik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk yang disuntik PGF2α memijah lebih cepat (9,17–12,24 jam pascasuntik) daripada kontrol (22,67 jam), sedangkan antarperlakuan hormon PGF2α tidak berbeda. Selanjutnya, jumlah telur diovulasi dari induk ikan gabus yang disuntik PGF2α berjumlah lebih banyak daripada kontrol. Hasil tertinggi (2.860 butir) diperoleh dari perlakuan 0,9 mL/kg. Dengan demikian, hormon PGF2α dosis 0,9 mL/kg dapat digunakan untuk mempercepat waktu ovulasi ikan gabus, dan meningkatkan jumlah telur yang diovulasikan. Kata kunci: PGF2α, waktu ovulasi, jumlah telur diovulasi, Channa striata
Transformative Learning through Community-Based Education: Insight from Training Socially Accountable Medical Doctors at a Historical Disadvantage University in the Eastern Cape, South Africa round
Authors: Mlonyeni Siyonela , Nomatshilo Sibusiso Cyprian , Mnyaka Onke Ronald , Oladimeji Olanrewaju 
Published: September 2023

Background
According to research in medical education, medical curriculum needs to address the health system and its issues. In 2014, the Faculty of Health Sciences at Walter Sisulu University introduced a 20-week Integrated Longitudinal Clinical Clerkship rotation block as part of its commitment to Community Based Education and social responsiveness, with an emphasis on how the curriculum needs to be developed to address the challenges of the country&#039;s health system. The study&#039;s aim was to explore if the ILCC can be a transformative learning tool used to understand the complex health needs of society.
Methods
A cross-sectional, exploratory study was conducted using qualitative research methods. Data was collected in hospitals where the students were housed during their 20-week community clerkship. Using interview guides, six focus group discussions were held, and they were furthered by field notes, observations, an interview, and journal entries. The focus group discussions were tape-recorded, then transcribed.
Results
The study identifies three phases of students&#039; transformation during ILCC rotation: social and personal transformation, shift in understanding of community needs, and response to community needs.
Conclusion
The study found that factors like adaptability, program duration, community skills, and peer relationships influenced students&#039; transformation during the Integrated Longitudinal Clerkship, although not all experienced significant changes.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN DAN KELUARGA PASIEN DALAM PENATALAKSANAAN DAN PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA
Authors: Handayani Reska , Ramaita  , Trisna Ajani Anggra , Novera Milya 
Published: September 2023

Hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count all decline in anemia, which is characterized by a reduction in the number of erythrocyte masses. Iron deficiency, also referred to as iron deficiency anemia, is the most typical cause of anemia. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), anemia affects 3–4 out of 10 teenagers in Indonesia based on the characteristics of age groups 5–14 years and 15–24 years, respectively. The Pariaman City Hospital's interne chamber was the location of the community service project, which was carried out in April 2023 with a target audience of 15 patients and their families. In order to change preventative behavior and improve health status, the goal of this community service is to promote patient and family understanding about anemia prevention and management. The process for carrying out community service is divided into three stages: planning, carrying out, and evaluating. According to the findings of the community service project, the patient's family had a low level of awareness about the prevention and management of anemia before receiving counseling (pre-test) and a high level of knowledge after receiving counseling (post-test). The hospital is advised to keep offering ongoing health education to patients' families regarding the prevention of anemia and discharge planning for patients with reference to managing a healthy diet and nutrition.

Abstrak
Anemia adalah keadaan dimana terjadi penurunan jumlah masa eritrosit yang ditunjukkan oleh penurunan kadar hemoglobin, Hematokrit dan hitung eritrosit. Penyebab paling umum dari anemia adalah kekurangan zat besi atau yang disebut dengan anemia defisiensi zat besi. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 menunjukkan anemia di Indonesia menurut karakteristik umur 5-14 tahun sebesar 26,8% dan umur 15-24 tahun sebesar 32,% artinya 3-4 dari 10 remaja menderita anemia. Pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2023 dengan sasaran Pasien dan Keluarga Pasien di ruangan Interne RSUD Kota Pariaman berjumlah 15 orang. Tujuan Pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien dan keluarga pasien terhadap pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan anemia sehingga adanya perubahan perilaku yang bersifat preventif dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Metode dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat dengan tiga tahap yaitu tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat didapatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan keluarga pasien tentang pencegahan dan penatalaksanaan Anemia sebelum diberikan penyuluhan (Pre test) adalah rendah yaitu sebesar 66.7 % dan setelah diberikan penyuluhan (post test) meningkat menjadi tinggi yaitu sebesar 86.6 %. Disarankan kepada pihak rumah sakit agar terus memberikan promosi kesehatan secara berkesinambungan kepada keluarga pasien terkait pencegahan anemia dan discharge planning bagi pasien dalam mengatur pola makan serta gizi yang seimbang.
Investigating the effect of edible pineapple on the ripening of the cervix and the onset of labor.
Authors: Moghani Sedigheh Shariat , Ramezani Mahjobeh , Eslami Saeed , Mazloom Reza , Yousefi Razieh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background Labor induction in post-term pregnancies is still one of the most common midwifery interventions, and preparation of the cervix before labor induction is one of the most important reasons for the success of labor. Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of edible pineapple on ripening the cervix and the onset of labor. Methods In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 66 pregnant women with a gestational age of 40–41 weeks, referring to the maternity of Omo Albanin Hospital in Mashhad, were selected and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups, and the Bishop Cervix score at the time of study entry. It is registered. Women in the intervention group consumed a 250-gram packet of edible pineapple every 24 hours for 3 consecutive days. In the control group, routine care was performed. Research units were followed up in terms of Bishop's Cervix score and labor onset symptoms 48 and 72 hours later and during hospitalization. Data collection tools were personal and midwifery information questionnaires, observation and examination forms, daily records, and follow-ups, which were used for content validity and simultaneous observation to check the tool’s reliability. The data was analyzed using SPSS 18 repeated measures comparison test. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results According to T-test, two groups were homogeneous in terms of age (p = 0.439). The average Bishop score was the same at the beginning of the study and according to the analysis of variance test with repeated values, the changes in the first 48 hours, 72 hours after the start of the study, and hospitalization time were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in the time of labor and the amount of oxytocin used in the intervention and control groups. The two intervention and control groups had no significant differences between the Apgar scores of the first and fifth minutes of the newborns, the contamination of the amniotic fluid with meconium, the type of delivery, and the condition of the fetal heart during hospitalization. Conclusion Daily consumption of edible pineapple positively affects the progress of labor to prepare the cervix and induce labor and does not harm the mother and the fetus. It is also suggested to use a larger sample size and time to start consumption at a gestational age of fewer than 40 weeks and a longer duration of pineapple consumption in future research.
Nanopore creation in graphene at the nanoscale for water desalination.
Authors: Abdelkader Sidi Abdelmajid Ait , Benabdallah Ismail , Amlieh Mohammed , fatimy abdelouahad el 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Creating nanopores in graphene is a powerful tool for engineering its properties. Nanopores in graphene tune their electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. However, controlling nanopores formation at the nanoscale level remains a significant challenge. We report an easy method to control nanopore sizes using argon-plasma magnetron sputtering. By calculating and measuring Raman spectra, we show that the nano-pores in graphene are controllable and size-tunable. Furthermore, we report that the graphene Raman mode around 1450 cm-1 is only due to nanopores and was attributed to the substrate effect.
Here, we also propose a novel graphene device-based water filtration. Our proposed concept of two graphene electrodes with nanopores on the substrate (SiC and SiO2) makes it possible to have the highest permeability value, keeping a 100 % salt rejection and improving its mechanical properties. These reported results are essential for developing water desalination membranes based on graphene devices.
Enhancing Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Surface Water and Secondary Effluent Samples through Electrified membrane-Assisted NaClO system
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Yunxin , Kong Bo , Wang Zhiguo , Ren Jianxin , Ni Xiaoyu , Ma Defang , Li Qian , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through water streams poses significant risks to human health and the environmental ecosystem. In this study, we developed a novel coupled treatment system that integrates NaClO with an electrified membrane to effectively inactivate ARB and remove ARGs from surface water and secondary effluent samples. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupled treatment system in inactivating ARB and removing ARGs. By utilizing a CeO2 modified carbon nanotube (CeO2@CNT) electrified membrane as the cathode, H2O2 was generated through the electro-Fenton reaction. And these H2O2 molecules can be reactived to •OH on the catalytic sites of the CeO2@CNT membrane. The combined action of H2O2, •OH, and NaClO resulted in complete inactivation of ARB and high-efficiency removal of ARGs from the surface water and secondary effluent samples. The findings of this study offer an alternative water treatment technology to mitigate the dissemination of ARB and ARGs.
Kasner-like description of spacelike singularities in spherically symmetric spacetimes with scalar matter
Authors: Li Warren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We study the properties of spacelike singularities in spherically symmetric spacetimes obeying the Einstein equations, in the presence of matter. We consider in particular matter described by a scalar field, both in the presence of an electromagnetic field and without. We prove that if a spacelike singularity obeying several reasonable assumptions is formed, then the Hawking mass, the Kretschmann scalar, and the matter fields have inverse polynomial blow-up rates near the singularity that may be described precisely.
Furthermore, one may view the resulting spacetime in the context of the BKL heuristics regarding spacelike singularities in relativistic cosmology. In particular, near any point p on the singular boundary in our spherically symmetric spacetime, we obtain a leading order BKL-type expansion, including a description of Kasner exponents associated to p.
This provides a rigorous description of a detailed correspondence between Kasner-like singularities most often associated to the cosmological setting, and the singularities observed in (spherically symmetric) gravitational collapse. Moreover, we outline a program concerning the study of the stability and instability of spacelike singularities in the latter picture, both outside of spherical symmetry and within (where the electromagnetic field acts as a proxy for angular momentum) – in particular we signify the importance of cosmological phenomena including subcritical regimes and Kasner bounces in the collapse setting.
Developmental trajectories of EEG aperiodic and periodic power: Implications for understanding the timing of thalamocortical development during infancy.
Authors: Wilkinson Carol , Yankowitz Lisa , Chao Jerry , Gutierrez Rodrigo , Rhoades Jeff , Shinnar Shlomo , Purdon Patrick , Nelson Charles 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The development of neural circuits over the first years of life has long-lasting effects on brain function, yet our understanding of early circuit development in humans remains limited. Here, aperiodic and periodic EEG power features were examined from longitudinal EEGs collected from 592 healthy 2–44 month-old infants, revealing age-dependent nonlinear changes suggestive of distinct milestones in early brain maturation. Consistent with the transient developmental progression of thalamocortical circuitry, we observe the presence and then absence of periodic alpha and high beta peaks across the three-year period, as well as the emergence of a low beta peak (12-20Hz) after six months of age. We present preliminary evidence that the emergence of the low beta peak is associated with thalamocortical connectivity sufficient for anesthesia-induced alpha coherence. Together, these findings suggest that early age-dependent changes in alpha and beta periodic peaks may reflect the state of thalamocortical network development.
Modeling human wellbeing on a finite planet towards 2100 with Earth4All
Authors: Collste David , Barbour Felix , Callegari Beniamino , Cornell Sarah , Gaffney Owen , Spittler Nathalie , Stoknes Per Espen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How can wellbeing for all be reached while reducing risks of destabilizing the planet? This ambition underlies the 2030 Agenda but analyzing whether it is possible requires linking global socioeconomic developments with life-supporting Earth systems, incorporating feedback between them. Our new integrated systems model, Earth4All, enables exploration of plausible developments of human wellbeing and environmental pressures, 1980-2100. The relatively simple model focuses on quantifying and capturing high-level feedback between socioeconomic and environmental domains. It can analyze economic transformations towards increased wellbeing with reduced pressures on planetary boundaries. The model includes two key novelties: a social tension index and a wellbeing index, to track societal progress this century. Modeling results indicate that decision-making as usual likely leads to rising social tensions, worsening environmental pressures and declining wellbeing. We propose five turnarounds that in the model can shift the human world off the current trajectory, improve global wellbeing and ease environmental pressures.
Glutamate helps unmask the differences in driving forces for phase separation versus clustering of FET family proteins in sub-saturated solutions
Authors: Pappu Rohit , Kar Mrityunjoy , Vogel Laura , Chauhan Gaurav , Ausserwoeger Hannes , Welsh Timothy , Kamath Anjana , Knowles Tuomas , Hyman Anthony , Seidel Claus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Multivalent proteins undergo coupled segregative and associative phase transitions. Phase separation, a segregative transition, is driven by macromolecular solubility, and this leads to coexisting phases above system-specific saturation concentrations. Percolation is a continuous transition that is driven by multivalent associations among cohesive motifs. Contributions from percolation are highlighted by the formation of heterogeneous distributions of clusters in sub-saturated solutions, as was recently reported for Fused in sarcoma (FUS) and FET family proteins. Here, we show that clustering and phase separation are defined by a separation of length- and energy-scales. This is unmasked when glutamate is the primary solution anion. Glutamate is preferentially excluded from protein sites, and this enhances molecular associations. Differences between glutamate and chloride are manifest at ultra-low protein concentrations. These differences are amplified as concentrations increase, and they saturate as the micron-scale is approached. Therefore, condensate formation in supersaturated solutions and clustering in sub-saturated are governed by distinct energy and length scales. Glutamate, unlike chloride, is the dominant intracellular anion, and the separation of scales, which is masked in chloride, is unmasked in glutamate. Our work highlights how components of cellular milieus and sequence-encoded interactions contribute to amplifying distinct contributions from associative versus segregative phase transitions.