bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to apply evidence-based practice to the use of artificial intelligence in radiology (EBRAI) using the data algorithm training output (DATO) method
Authors: Kelly Brendan S , Judge Conor , Hoare Siobhan , Colleran Gabrielle , Lawlor Aonghus , Killeen Ronan P 
Published: April 2023

Objective
As the number of radiology artificial intelligence (AI) papers increases, there are new challenges for reviewing the AI literature as well as differences to be aware of, for those familiar with the clinical radiology literature. We aim to introduce a tool to aid in this process.

Methods
In evidence-based practise (EBP), you must Ask, Search, Appraise, Apply and Evaluate to come to an evidence-based decision. The bottom-up evidence-based radiology (EBR) method allows for a systematic way of choosing the correct radiological investigation or treatment. Just as the population intervention comparison outcome (PICO) method is an established means of asking an answerable question; herein, we introduce the data algorithm training output (DATO) method to complement PICO by considering Data, Algorithm, Training and Output in the use of AI to answer the question.

Results
We illustrate the DATO method with a worked example concerning bone age assessment from skeletal radiographs. After a systematic search, 17 bone age estimation papers (5 of which externally validated their results) were appraised. The paper with the best DATO metrics found that an ensemble model combining uncorrelated, high performing simple models should achieve error rates comparable to human performance.

Conclusion
Considering DATO in the application of EBR to AI is a simple systematic approach to this potentially daunting subject.

Advances in knowledge
The growth of AI in radiology means that radiologists and related professionals now need to be able to review not only clinical radiological literature but also research using AI methods.
Considering Data, Algorithm, Training and Output in the application of EBR to AI is a simple systematic approach to this potentially daunting subject.
Prediction of hemorrhagic transformation via pre-treatment CT radiomics in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving endovascular therapy
Authors: Wen Xuehua , Xiao Yanan , Hu Xingfei , Chen Junfa , Song Fahuan 
Published: April 2023

Objective: This study aimed to extract radiomics features (RFs) from pre-treatment CT scans in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and to establish a radiomics model to predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after endovascular therapy (EVT). Methods: A total of 105 patients who were diagnosed with AIS [with occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and/or internal carotid artery] and received EVT were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the development cohort (n = 73) and the validation cohort (n = 32). The clinicoradiological data of all patients, including pre-treatment cranial CT without contrast enhancement, CT perfusion, and CT angiography, were obtained. The MCA territory on pre-treatment CT images was segmented to extract RFs associated with HT after EVT. Then, a CT radiomics model based on the selected RFs was constructed to predict HT after EVT. Results: The sensitivity, speciﬁcity, and area under the curve of the CT radiomics model for predicting HT after EVT based on pre-treatment CT RFs was 0.806, 0.649, and 0.781 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.675–0.886), respectively, in the development cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve in the validation cohort was 0.625, 0.875, and 0.797 (95% CI: 0.642–0.951), respectively. Conclusion: CT radiomics analysis is a valuable tool for predicting HT in AIS patients receiving EVT. It may guide the selection of patients in practice and improve procedural safety and effectiveness. Advances in knowledge: Identification of the importance of pre-treatment CT radiomics in the prediction of HT in AIS patients after EVT.
Predictive value of prostate calcification for future cancer occurrence: a retrospective long-term follow-up cohort study
Authors: Kumasaka Soma , Seki Yuko , Takayama Hiroaki , Kumasaka Yuka , Dineen Rob A , Tsushima Yoshito 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Although prostate calcification is often identified on pelvic CT images, calcification itself is usually not considered clinically significant. A recent histological study proposed an association between prostate calcification and prostate cancer occurrence. Our aim was to determine the predictive value of prostate calcifications for future prostate cancer occurrence. Methods: We retrospectively analysed male patients (≥50 years old) without prior prostate cancer history, who underwent unenhanced pelvic CT between April 2010 and March 2011, and followed-up until December 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess prostate cancer risk with prostate calcification (defined as a high-density area larger than 3 mm with CT attenuation values ≥ 130 HU), controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 636 male patients (mean age, 68 years ± 9 [standard deviation]) were evaluated. At the end of follow-up, prostate cancer had been more frequently diagnosed in patients with prostate calcification than those without prostate calcification (6.5% vs  2.6%). Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate calcification on CT was a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI: 1.20, 5.91; p = 0.016). No statistical differences were observed in any other factors. Conclusion: Prostate calcification may be a significant predictor of future prostate cancer occurrence, and may be used for risk stratification and to guide screening protocols. Advances in knowledge: Presence of prostate calcification on unenhanced CT scan was associated with increased incidence of prostate cancer occurrence on long term follow-up.
Electroencephalographic accompaniment of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters in patients of Truskavets’ spa
Authors: Kozyavkina Nataliya , Vovchyna Yuliya , Voronych-Semchenko Nataliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: April 2023

Background. Earlier we studied the autonomic and endocrine accompaniments of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure (BP) clusters of profile patients of Truskavets’ spa. The purpose of this study is to clarify the electroencephalographic accompaniment in the same contingent. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 44 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and cholecystitis in the phase of remission. Testing was performed twice - on admission and after 7-10 days of standard balneotherapy. The main object of the study was BP (tonometer “Omron M4-I”, Netherlands). EEG recorded a hardware-software complex “NeuroCom Standard” (KhAI Medica, Ukraine) monopolar in 16 loci. Results. The forward stepwise program identified 30 parameters as characteristic of quantitative-qualitative blood pressure clusters. In addition to BP parameters by default, 5 entropy parameters, 4 delta-rhythm, 6 theta-rhythm, 6 alpha-rhythm and 7 beta-rhythm parameters are included in the discriminant model. The most informative among them are PSD of beta-rhythm in C3 and C4 loci; alpha-rhythm in T4 and F3 loci; delta-rhythm in C3, T5 and P3 loci as well as its deviation. The accuracy of classification is 100%. Conclusion. The wide range of blood pressure - from low norm to arterial hypertension II - is accompanied by characteristic EEG conditions.
Legume - an inconspicuous fighter against the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Rejmer Adrian , Woś Natalia , Rojek Katarzyna , Wijas Karolina , Bednarz Lucjan , Bialic Kinga , Bialic Artur , Bakalarczyk Rafał , Majewski Paweł 
Published: April 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is metabolic alterations characterised by dysglycemia, raised blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and obesity. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality and the prevalence of it has been increasing in recent years. A significant impact on the risk to develop MetS has dietary habits. Many studies emphasise legume consumption advantages contributing to a decrease of a cluster of metabolic risk factors. The most effective range daily legume consumption is between 55 and 70 g/day. Some varieties of legumes can reform blood pressure by ACE inhibitory activity. Soybean protein hydrolysis showed an advantageous effect on lipid profile by HMGCR inhibitory activity. Legume intake seems to be a valuable predictor of decreasing BMI and abdominal adiposity because of high fibre levels and regulation of adiponectin and 8-epi-PGF2α in obese subjects. Increasing part of legumes as a protein and carbohydrates source in diet, significantly reduces the risk of glucose-insulin homeostasis disorders. Evidently, legumes have comprehensive dietary advantages. However more data and further research on the long-term effects of legumes on metabolic alterations are required to elucidate their effective health implications. Present review is based on articles accessible on pubmed service.
Accepting reality: re-opening Manchuria to Chinese commoners (minren) in the Yongzheng era
Authors: Sepe Agostino 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For most of the period of Manchu domination of China prior to the nineteenth century, the rulers’ attitude toward Han civilians settling in the motherland was negative. In the Kangxi period, immigration was tolerated but strictly controlled, and most of the resources were assigned to local Eight Banners members, because the court planned to base the region’s development on the bannermen. In the fifth year of Qianlong’s reign (1740), an imperial order officially prohibited Chinese civilians from migrating to Manchuria – this was the well-known fengjin zhengce 封禁政策. The only exceptions to this trend were two brief periods: the first between Shunzhi’s reign and the early years of Kangxi’s reign, and the second roughly corresponding to Yongzheng’s reign (1723–1735). During the former period (1653–1668), immigration was encouraged, settlers were free to reclaim uncultivated lands, and a civil administration system was established. This phase has been widely discussed in the academic community for over a century, whereas research on the latter period – during which six new civil jurisdictions were established and the land policies, which had previously strongly favored bannermen, changed significantly in an effort to meet the needs of the growing civilian population – has been insufficient. Based on both institutional and private sources, this article will offer a detailed outline of the features of this peculiar stage and compare it with both the above-mentioned phase in which the province was opened to migration (1653–1668) and the restrictive policies of the Kangxi and Qianlong periods. In this way, the article will show how important Yongzheng’s change of direction was, despite the fact that it did not last long.
Examining the Family in the Light of Marriage Annulment as a New Research Perspective
Authors: Kroczek Piotr , Kisiel Przemysław , Ulman Paweł 
Published: April 2023

The aim of this article is to outline a new research perspective, allowing for an in-depth reflection on the condition of contemporary marriages and families. Of course, the problem itself is not new, but in order to analyse it, we propose to adopt a perspective which has not been present in the literature so far and which will consist in analysing the condition of the institution of marriage through the prism of the process of declaring a marriage null and void, i.e., the canonical procedure in force in the Catholic Church.The proposed research perspective is based on an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account the broad context in which, in our opinion, the functioning of the contemporary institution of marriage should be considered. In this approach we try to integrate sociological and demographic premises and inspirations with legal, theological and canonical premises, which is a significant novelty. The integration of these approaches will make it possible to consider the problem of the break-up of the marital bond in a different way than has been presented so far. Thanks to this, it is possible to make a comprehensive diagnosis of the situation of marriages in moments of crisis and to capture those aspects of spiritual and social life which have not yet been taken into account in the research, and which play a particularly important role in initiating proceedings to declare a marriage null and void.
Evaluating the width of attached gingiva in various areas of the oral cavity and gingival sulcus depths in periodontally healthy adult subjects among eastern Indian population
Authors: Kumar Amrit , Kumari Rosy , Kumari Sonali , Agarwal Akriti , Nabi Aaysha Tabinda , Banarjee Anindita 
Published: April 2023

The width of attached gingiva varies from tooth to tooth and also among individuals with mixed opinions regarding an “adequate” or “sufficient” dimension of the gingiva. Although the need for a so‑called adequate amount of keratinized tissue for maintenance of periodontal health is questionable, the mucogingival junction serves as an important clinical landmark in periodontal evaluation. There are various methods of locating the mucogingival junction namely the functional method and the visual method with and without histochemical staining, which aid in the measurement of the width of attached gingiva.The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the width of attached gingiva as well as to determine the gingival sulcular depth in adult subjects from Eastern India.: Attached gingival width and sulcus depth were determined by a visual method, using a William’s periodontal probe. There were 120 subjects (60 males) and 60 (females) who represented a healthy population of undergraduate students, interns and post graduate students of Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital and the patients reporting to OPD of the Institute.: Highest widths of attached gingiva in central incisors of maxillary (3.22±0.59) and mandibular arches (2.18±0.50) were found respectively. The present study found no significant differences in mean width of attached gingiva of maxillary and mandibular arches between male and female subjects. The mean gingival sulcus depth recorded in the present study was 1.04±0.13 mm. This was not significantly associated with age or gender. The mean value for the highest depth of gingival sulci for maxillary first molar was 1.07 ± 0.23 mm and lateral incisors of mandibular arches 1.05 ± 0.19 mm were found respectively.: This study has defined baseline values for the attached gingival width and sulcus depth among Eastern Indian population. This would help to determine deviation from the normal or this population and may help to identify individuals at risk for periodontal disease.
A survey based comparative study about dental clinical photography amongst intern and postgraduate students
Authors: Ahmed Osama , Pettiwala Anam 
Published: April 2023

Dental photography is a vital component in the diagnosis and documentation of dental cases. This study aimed to evaluate the familiarity, approach, and practice of dental interns and postgraduate students with respect to dental clinical photography. A total of 250 participants completed a questionnaire, with 78.4% being interns and 21.6% postgraduates. The study found that only 7.3% of participants used a DSLR camera for dental clinical photography, with mobile cameras being the most extensively used device. The high cost of equipment was cited as the primary reason for this. The study also revealed that learning and education needs to be significantly improved in dental clinical photography to ensure better documentation and patient confidentiality.Photography has been widely used in health sciences, including dentistry, to diagnose, document, and record cases. Dental photography is renowned for aiding in clinical diagnosis, similar to the use of x-rays, laboratory workup, or other examinations or tests. However, the use of dental clinical photography varies widely among dental interns and postgraduate students. This study aimed to evaluate their familiarity, approach, and practice in this field.A total of 250 participants, including dental interns and postgraduate students, completed a questionnaire about their familiarity, approach, and practice with dental clinical photography. The survey data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the use of different devices, patient consent and confidentiality, and the overall approach of participants towards dental photography. The study found that only 7.3% of participants used a DSLR camera for dental clinical photography, with mobile cameras being the most extensively used device. The high cost of equipment was cited as the primary reason for this. The majority of participants found it essential to document cases for marketing purposes. In terms of maintaining patient consent and confidentiality, informed consent was obtained from the majority of patients before documenting pictures. Additionally, a few of the participants covered their patient’s eyes to avoid breaching confidentiality. The study revealed that learning and education needs to be significantly improved in dental clinical photography to ensure better documentation and patient confidentiality. Dental photography can be made an intriguing subject to record cases efficiently and provide exceptional opportunities for instruction, patient simulation, and recall visits by students. Dental interns and postgraduate students need to be educated on the benefits and correct approach to dental clinical photography.
Comparative evaluation of modified triangular coronally advanced Flap alone or in combination with platelet rich fibrin or type I collagen membrane for treatment of Miller’s Class I and Class II gingival recession
Authors: Ashraf Fariya 
Published: April 2023

The study aimed to clinically evaluate the outcome of modified triangular coronally advanced flap (mtCAF) alone or in combination with platelet rich fibrin or type I collagen membrane in Miller’s Class I and Class II gingival recession. 45 sites with Millers Class I or II gingival recession were recruited and allocated into 3 groups with 15 sites each. Group 1: mtCAF alone, Group II: mtCAF with PRF and Group III: mtCAF with bioresorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®). Standardized Clinical Parameters such asPlaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), Gingival Recession Depth (GRD) and Keratinized Tissue Height (KTH) were measured at baseline and 6 months. All the three groups showed improvement in clinical parameters but it was not statistically significant. However, a significant increase in keratinized tissue height was seen in Group III as compared to Group I and Group II. Modified triangular coronally advanced flap (mtCAF) alone or in combination with PRF and collagen membrane showed good clinical outcomes but better results were obtained in terms of keratinized tissue when collagen membrane was used.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin c using mesotherapy approach in the treatment of persistent gingivitis
Authors: Mutthineni Ramesh Babu , Sahithi Medipalli Santhoshi , Paul R. Arpita , Muralidharan Gayathri , Alekhya Bhurli V.V. , Duddukuri Hema 
Published: April 2023

Vitamin C, being a strong reducing agent, can regulate the resolution of the inflammatory process and stimulate the tissue repair. It enhances the synthesis of collagen type I, reduced by inflammatory process, keeps the balance between collagen I and collagen III, and modifies the rate of fibroblast proliferation. Mesotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure which involves local intradermal therapy with biologically active substances given in minor quantities to the area of pathology. However, the studies on local injection of Vitamin C showed inconclusive results. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of the locally injected vitamin C in the treatment of persistent gingival inflammation. After one week of SRP, ten patients with persistent gingival inflammation were included in the study. In the test group, five patients were treated with single application of locally delivered vitamin C into the gingival tissues and the other five patients in the control group were given saline as the placebo. Plaque index and sulcus bleeding index were evaluated at baseline and at 1 week post-operatively. Group A (Test group) showed a mean difference of 1.75 (pre and post op) in plaque scores which are statistically significant compared to that of group B (control group) that showed a mean difference of 0.15 in plaque scores which is not statistically significant. Sulcus bleeding index scores where statistically significantly (pre and post op) only in test group. There is no difference in plaque index and sulcus bleeding index between the test and control group at baseline, but a significant difference was observed between the two groups at 1 week follow up in plaque and sulcus bleeding index, favouring the test group. Vitamin C that is injected using mesotherapy approach has a synergistic interaction with SRP for treating persisting inflammation of the gingiva than compared to that of placebo at 1 week follow up period.
Petrology of the Kureika Graphite Deposit in the Roof of the First-Rapid Trap Intrusion (Siberian Platform)
Authors: Ryabov V.V. , Ponomarchuk V.A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
—The leading role of lithostratigraphic, structural/tectonic, magmatic, metamorphic, and fluid geologic factors in the formation of a graphite deposit is substantiated. We present the petrographic and chemical compositions of rocks and minerals of igneous rocks, the δ13С values of graphites and calcitites, the δ18O values of carbonates, the δ34S values of sulfides, and the 87Sr/86Sr and 87Rb/86Sr ratios in calcitites and microdolerite injections. The thermal effect of magmatic melt on coal led to its degassing and graphitization. The steaming of microdolerite injections with hydrocarbon fluids was probably accompanied by the removal of iron from them and the crystallization of low-Fe clinopyroxene, and the interaction of fluids with basaltic melt in the upper endocontact zone of the intrusion led to the segregation of the melt and the formation of a globular structure of rocks. The presence of a calcitite lens and a sulfide vein between the roof of the intrusion and the graphite bed is due to the earlier intrusion of sulfate salt melt and its subsequent interaction with hydrocarbon fluids, which resulted in sulfate reduction and the formation of calcitites. The sulfate reduction terminated with iron sulfurization in the basaltic melt and the formation of a sulfide vein. Sulfate salt melt was a source of heavy sulfur isotope (δ34S = 14.9–17.5‰) for sulfides and of calcium for calcitites. The similar isotope compositions of calcitites (δ13СPDB = –22.5 to –23.5‰), coals (–22.6 to –25.5‰, n = 25), and graphites (–23.5 to –25.0) suggest that coal is a source of carbon for calcitites. In the isotopic compositions of strontium (87Sr/86Sr ≈ 0.70834–0.70885) and oxygen δ18O ≈ 15‰) the calcitites are similar to the Devonian evaporites of the Siberian Platform. The isotope data (δ34S, δ18O, δ13С, and 87Rb/86Sr) point to the participation of the coal seam and anhydrite as sources of substance in the formation of calcitite and sulfide mineralization.