bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing optimal training sets for genomic prediction using adversarial validation with probit regression
Authors: Montesinos‐López Osval A. ,   Kismiantini, Montesinos‐López Abelardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) is a disruptive methodology that is revolutionizing animal and plant breeding. However, its practical implementation is challenging since many times there is a mismatch in the distribution of the training and testing sets. Adversarial validation is an approach popular in machine learning to detect and address the difference between the training and testing distributions. For this reason, the adversarial validation method in this research was implemented using probit regression to detect the mismatch in distributions and also to select an optimal training set. We evaluated the proposed method with 14 datasets, and the results were benchmarked regarding of using the whole reference population and simple random samples. We found that the proposed method is effective for detecting the mismatch in distributions and outperformed in prediction accuracy by 11.67% (in terms of mean square error) and by 5.35% (in terms of normalized mean square error) when the whole reference population was used as training sets. Also, in general, this outperformed some existing methods for optimal training designs in the context of GS.
Serotonin: A frontline player in plant growth and stress responses
Authors: Mishra Vishnu , Sarkar Ananda K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSerotonin is a well‐studied pineal hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter in mammals and is found in varying amounts in diverse plant species. By modulating gene and phytohormonal crosstalk, serotonin has a significant role in plant growth and stress response, including root, shoot, flowering, morphogenesis, and adaptability responses to numerous environmental signals. Despite its prevalence and importance in plant growth and development, its molecular action, regulation and signalling processes remain unknown. Here, we highlight the current knowledge of the role of serotonin‐mediated regulation of plant growth and stress response. We focus on serotonin and its regulatory connections with phytohormonal crosstalk and address their possible functions in coordinating diverse phytohormonal responses during distinct developmental phases, correlating with melatonin. Additionally, we have also discussed the possible role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of serotonin biosynthesis. In summary, serotonin may act as a node molecule to coordinate the balance between plant growth and stress response, which may shed light on finding its key regulatory pathways for uncovering its mysterious molecular network.
A depositional model for meandering rivers without land plants
Authors: Hasson Michael , Marvin M. Colin , Gunn Andrew , Ielpi Alessandro , Lapôtre Mathieu G. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recognition of meandering rivers in Earth's prevegetation stratigraphic record is hindered by an absence of depositional models specifically tailored to unvegetated single‐channel rivers. As a result, their abundance on the early Earth is currently unknown. Here, sedimentological studies of two modern meandering river reaches with unvegetated banks were conducted. Both reaches are located in arid basins of Nevada, USA. Stratigraphy was analysed in conjunction with satellite imagery and high‐resolution topographic data to understand how channels and floodplains record past flow conditions. Analyses of point‐bar and channel‐fill deposits showed that lateral accretion sets are not heterolithic but, rather, composed of mixed sand and sand‐sized mud aggregates (clumps of clay and silt) interpreted to have formed through flocculation. Levées are present but subdued. Notably, downstream‐migrating outer‐bank‐attached bars are prominent architectural features that may be common in unvegetated meandering rivers in arid landscapes elsewhere. The identification of such depositional elements in the stratigraphic record may enhance recognition of ancient unvegetated meandering rivers and improve reconstructions of palaeohydrology on early Earth and Mars.
Quality assessment and harmonization of laboratories across Europe for multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 serology assays
Authors: Steenhuis Maurice , Wouters Elise , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Rispens Theo , Tiberghien Pierre , Harvala Heli , Feys Hendrik B. , van der Schoot C. Ellen ,   SUPPORT‐E Collaborators
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a need for conversion of SARS‐CoV‐2 serology data from different laboratories to a harmonized international unit. We aimed to compare the performance of multiple SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody serology assays among 25 laboratories across 12 European countries.Materials and MethodsTo investigate this we have distributed to all participating laboratories a panel of 15 SARS‐CoV‐2 plasma samples and a single batch of pooled plasma calibrated to the WHO IS 20/136 standard.ResultsAll assays showed excellent discrimination between SARS‐CoV‐2 seronegative plasma samples and pre‐vaccinated seropositive plasma samples but differed substantially in raw antibody titres. Titres could be harmonized to binding antibody units per millilitre by calibration in relation to a reference reagent.ConclusionThe standardization of antibody quantification is of paramount importance to allow interpretation and comparison of serology data reported in clinical trials in order to identify donor cohorts from whom the most effective convalescent plasma can be collected.
Bragg Scattering of Surface Gravity Waves by a Submerged Composite Wavy Porous Plate
Authors: Mohapatra A. K. , Sahoo T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Surface gravity wave interaction of composite wavy porous plate is studied by developing a numerical model using the boundary element method in the context of two-dimensional linear potential theory. Bragg scattering phenomenon is studied by considering the linearized pressure drop condition known as Darcy’s law passing through the porous structure. Numerical results are obtained through the boundary element method for the special limiting case of the existing previous literature to authenticate the accuracy of the numerical solution. The influence of wave and structural design parameters such as the number of ripple wavelengths of the wavy plate, relative plate length, structural porosities, and relative submergence depth on hydrodynamics properties such as reflection, transmission, horizontal wave load, and vertical wave coefficients are discussed. The study results of composite wavy porous plate indicate improved hydrodynamic performance as compared to the horizontal porous plate and wavy porous plate. This study is significant for practical applications in coastal engineering environments.
A Simplified Thermal Plasto-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Circular Contact With Real Surface Roughness
Authors: Romio P. C. , Marques P. M. T. , Fernandes C. M. C. G. , Seabra J. H. O. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current increase in power density, contact load, and speeds have imposed new challenges on elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact models. To overcome possible EHL limitations under such conditions, the present work presents a unified thermal plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (TPEHL) model for circular contact with real surface roughness capable to simulate the different lubrication regimes. Among the main characteristics of the proposed model, one should mention the minimal implementation changes in standard EHL models; there is no need for a preliminary assessment to verify whether thermal and plastic effects are negligible (or not) since these effects will naturally take place in the simulations, and good agreement between the predictions using the model and the experimental measurements.
Simulation of a System of Nanoantennas Located in a TSV Channel as a System for Receiving and Transmitting Data
Authors: Serov D. A. , Khorin I. A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The results of a theoretical study of the behavior of a system of nanophotonic devices, consisting of receiving and transmitting plasmonic metal antennas, are presented. Based on the finite element method, the main parameters of antennas located in the TSV channel and receiving a signal in the terahertz frequency range are calculated. The limiting range of signal transmission and the coefficient of its amplification are determined. Conclusions are drawn on the suitability of the presented configuration as a system for wireless data transmission and reception in three-dimensional integrated circuits.
Survival of patients with recurrent uveal melanoma after treatment with radiation therapy
Authors: Lane Anne M , Hartley Caleb , Go Ashley K , Wu Frances , Gragoudas Evangelos S , Kim Ivana K 
Published: July 2023

Background/aimsWe evaluated a large cohort of patients treated for local recurrence of choroidal or ciliary body melanomas at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear (MEE) to quantify the risk of melanoma-related mortality associated with recurrence, independent of other risk factors.MethodsPatients treated with radiation therapy from 1982 to 2017 were identified through the Uveal Melanoma Registry at MEE. Competing risks regression was performed to investigate the risk of melanoma-related mortality associated with recurrence, treating recurrence as a time-varying covariate.ResultsOf 4196 patients treated, 4043 patients remained recurrence-free and 153 patients experienced a recurrence (median follow-up: 9.9 years). Median time from initial treatment to recurrence was 30.5 months (range: 2.0–238.7). Seventy-nine (69.9%) patients with recurrences and 826 (37.9%) patients in the recurrence-free group died of metastatic uveal melanoma (p<0.001). Median time from initial treatment to melanoma-related death was 4.9 years (1.0–31.8) for patients who developed recurrences and 4.3 years (0.59–33.8) for patients who did not (p=0.17). Five-year and 10-year probabilities of melanoma-related mortality were 9.5% and 15.0%, respectively, in patients without local recurrences compared with 32.0% and 46.6% in patients with recurrences (p<0.001).ConclusionThese data confirm previous reports that local recurrence is associated with an increased risk of dying of melanoma and quantify the risk that can be attributed to local recurrence independent of other risk factors. This group of patients should be strongly considered for adjuvant therapies when available.
Diabetic retinopathy in African–Americans with end-stage kidney disease: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and impact on quality of life
Authors: Egeolu Michelle , Caleon Ramoncito L , Manishimwe Exaucee , Zabala Zohyra E , Moazzami Bobak , Gerges Amany , O’Keefe Ghazala D , Navarrete Jose , Galindo Rodolfo J , McCoy Rozalina Grubina , Vellanki Priyathama , Peng Limin , Umpierrez Guillermo E 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe prevalence, severity, and quality of life (QoL) impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among African–Americans (AAs) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis are unknown.Research design and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 AA adults with diabetes and ESKD. The diagnosis of DR was based on a review of medical records and/or a positive photograph with a portable hand-held device reviewed by both artificial intelligence software and a retinal specialist. QoL, physical disability social determinants of health (SDoHs) were assessed by standardized questionnaires.ResultsThe prevalence of DR was 75%, with 33% of participants having mild, 9.6% moderate and 57.4% severe DR. A total of 43% had normal visual acuity; 45% had moderate visual impairment; and 12% had severe visual impairment. We found a high burden of disease, multiple SDoH challenges, and low QoL and general health among patients with ESKD. The presence of DR had no significant impact on physical health and QoL compared with participants without DR.ConclusionsDR is present in 75% of AA patients with diabetes and ESKD on haemodialysis. ESKD has a significant burden on general health and QoL; however, DR has a minor additional impact on the overall physical health and QoL in people with ESKD.
Dexmedetomidine for end of life sedation: retrospective cohort comparison study
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Barclay Gregory , Barbato Michael 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesInfused sedatives are often utilised to alleviate distress at the end of life. Which sedative best achieves this is unknown. This study compares breakthrough medication requirements of patients treated with the novel agent dexmedetomidine compared with patients treated with standard-care sedatives.MethodsA retrospective cross-cohort comparison. Two studies of patients at the end of life under sedation at the same palliative care unit, one utilising novel sedatives, and the other standard care were compared. Breakthrough medication requirements were compared using paired t-tests, including opioids, benzodiazepines and anticholinergics. Changes in background infusions were compared.ResultsThe dexmedetomidine cohort required less breakthrough interventions per day compared with the standard care group, the reduction was significant (2.2 vs 3.9, p=0.003). There was a significant difference in benzodiazepine requirements, with the dexmedetomidine cohort requiring fewer doses per day than the standard care cohort (1.1 vs 0.6, p=0.03). Anticholinergics were more commonly utilised in the standard care cohort but there was no significant difference (p=0.22). Opioid requirements were similar across cohorts with comparable rates of breakthrough use and infusion increases.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a reduction in breakthrough medication requirements, particularly benzodiazepines, for patients sedated with dexmedetomidine at end of life.
Traveller end of life care experiences and needs: thematic analysis
Authors: Dixon Kathryn Charlotte , Conci Riccardo , Bowers Ben , Duschinsky Robbie , Spathis Anna , Barclay Stephen 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTravelling communities are a significant, but poorly understood, group of ethnic minorities known to experience inequalities in many aspects of healthcare, including at the end of life. This study explored the end of life care experiences and needs of Travellers, along with the perspectives of healthcare professionals.MethodsSecondary thematic analysis of data from two focus groups and 16 interviews. Eighteen UK-based members of Travelling communities and three healthcare professionals took part in two focus groups. Sixteen hospice staff were interviewed. Data were collected by UK charity One Voice 4 Travellers in 2018.ResultsTensions permeated the healthcare experience of Travellers. The perceived need for concealment of ethnic identity in the healthcare setting conflicted with participants’ desire for personalised care and tailored services. Healthcare professionals’ limited awareness of Travellers’ cultural rituals around death led to difficulties, including misunderstandings relating to the large numbers of family gathered at the bedside of dying relatives in hospital and hospice settings. Approaches that could increase the acceptability of healthcare included Travellers working in liaison roles, increased provision of space for visiting family and cultural competency training for staff. However, challenges remain in converting ideal solutions into feasible changes.ConclusionsImproved communication and understanding between Travelling communities and healthcare professionals is needed to relieve the multilevel tensions experienced at the end of life. At an individual level, this would enable personalised care; at a systems level, cocreation of end of life care services with Travellers would help ensure that their cultural needs are met.
Evaluation of a smoke-free beaches intervention in Barcelona: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Valmayor Sara , González Kilian , López Maria J , Lacera Patricia , Giménez Patricia , Rumín-Caparrós Aitor , Pasarín Maria Isabel , Henderson Elisabet , Díez Elia 
Published: July 2023

Background
We aim to assess the effect of a smoke-free beaches (SFB) intervention in Barcelona on smoking during the 2021 bathing season.

Methods
Quasi-experimental pre-post design (pre-intervention period: 15–28 May; post-intervention period: 29 May–12 September). Based on users’ profiles and location, four beaches were assigned to the intervention group (IG) and five to the comparison group (CG). The intervention involved: a mayoral decree (29 May), a communication campaign and beach on-site information. We established two 3 m × 3 m transects per beach from the coastline to the promenade. Trained teams collected smoking-related information in the transects through observations and surveys to beach users. Outcomes are as follows: percentage of people reporting witnessing smoking behaviours the last fortnight and percentage of people observed smoking. We calculated and compared prevalence ratios (PRs) with adjusted Poisson regressions.

Results
3751 interviews (1721 IG; 2030 CG) and 1108 observations (498 IG, 610 CG) were carried out. SFB were associated with a significant reduction in the percentage of people reporting witnessing smoking (IG (pre: 87.2%; post: 49.7%); CG (pre: 86.2%; post: 74.1%); PR (95% CI): 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8)); and in the users observed smoking in the beach (IG (pre: 3.8%; post: 3.0%); CG (pre: 2.3%; post: 9.9%); PR (95% CI): 0.3 (0.3 to 0.4)). Satisfaction scores were 8.3 (IG) and 8.1 (CG) out of 10.

Conclusion
An SFB intervention is an effective and well-accepted measure to reduce smoking and smokers’ visibility. Smoke-free measures should be extended to beaches and other non-regulated outdoor areas.
Improved distribution and food safety for beef processing and management using a blockchain-tracer support framework
Authors: Adimabua Ojugo Arnold , Ogholuwarami Ejeh Patrick , Chukwufunaya Christopher Odiakaose , Okonji Eboka Andrew , Uchechukwu Emordi Frances 
Published: July 2023

<span lang="EN-US">Agriculture has since become a major source of livelihood for Nigerians. It also accounts for over 85% of the total food consumed within her borders. The sector has maintained improved productivity and profitability via a concerted effort to address critical issues such as an unorganized regulatory system, lack of food safety data, no standards in agricultural produce, non-adaptation to precision farming, and non-harmony via inventory trace supports. This study proposes blockchain-based trace-support in a continued effort to ensure food quality, consumer safety, and trading of food assets. It uses the radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor to register and track livestocks, farms/farmers, and abattoir processes as well as provisions a databank to trace livestock data. Results show the model adequately perform about 1,101 transactions per seconds with a response time of 0.21 s for queries and 0.28 s for https pages respectively for 2,500 users. Also, it yields a slightly longer time of 0.32 s for queries and 0.38 s for https pages respectively with an increased 5,000 users via the world-state as stored in the blockchain’s hyper-fabric ledger. Overall, the framework can directly query and retrieve data without it traversing the whole ledger. This, in turn, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the traceability system.</span>
Labour Rights as Human Rights: Advancing the Positivists’ Argument
Authors: Emudainohwo Emuobo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The question whether labour rights are human rights has provoked a lot of debate among scholars. Surveying the literature, three different approaches are identified namely, Instrumental Approach, Normative Approach and Positive Approach. These approaches are outlined to navigate the discussion herein. The paper supports, explores and develops the Positive Approach with reference to the principle of ‘indivisibility of rights. It used Amartya Sen’s view on indivisibility of rights as a framework and argues that some human rights instruments not only contain labour rights, but also propagate the indivisibility of rights. If rights are indivisible as expressed in such human rights treaties, then labour rights can be enforced as human rights. Regarding the indivisibility of rights, the African (Banjul) Charter is used to project the argument and to set the limit of the paper.
Fingerprinting Low-Frequency Last Millennium Temperature Variability in Forced and Unforced Climate Models
Authors: Cleveland Stout Rebecca , Proistosescu Cristian , Roe Gerard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Constraining unforced and forced climate variability impacts interpretations of past climate variations and predictions of future warming. However, comparing general circulation models (GCMs) and last millennium Holocene hydroclimate proxies reveals significant mismatches between simulated and reconstructed low-frequency variability at multidecadal and longer time scales. This mismatch suggests that existing simulations underestimate either external or internal drivers of climate variability. In addition, large differences arise across GCMs in both the magnitude and spatial pattern of low-frequency climate variability. Dynamical understanding of forced and unforced variability is expected to contribute to improved interpretations of paleoclimate variability. To that end, we develop a framework for fingerprinting spatiotemporal patterns of temperature variability in forced and unforced simulations. This framework relies on two frequency-dependent metrics: 1) degrees of freedom (≡N) and 2) spatial coherence. First, we use N and spatial coherence to characterize variability across a suite of both preindustrial control (unforced) and last-millennium (forced) GCM simulations. Overall, we find that, at low frequencies and when forcings are added, regional independence in the climate system decreases, reflected in fewer N and higher coherence between local and global mean surface temperature. We then present a simple three-box moist-static-energy-balance model for temperature variability, which is able to emulate key frequency-dependent behavior in the GCMs. This suggests that temperature variability in the GCM ensemble can be understood through Earth’s energy budget and downgradient energy transport, and allows us to identify sources of polar-amplified variability. Finally, we discuss insights the three-box model can provide into model-to-model GCM differences.

Significance Statement
Forced and unforced temperature variability are poorly constrained and understood, particularly that at time scales longer than a decade. Here, we identify key differences in the time scale–dependent behavior of forced and unforced temperature variability using a combination of numerical climate models and principles of downgradient energy transport. This work, and the spatiotemporal characterizations of forced and unforced temperature variability that we generate, will aid in interpretations of proxy-based paleoclimate reconstructions and improve mechanistic understanding of variability.