bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local and non‐local soil microbiota impede germination of the endangered Acacia whibleyana
Authors: Hodgson Riley J. , Liddicoat Craig , Cando‐Dumancela Christian , Blyth Colette , Watson Carl D. , Breed Martin F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInoculating soils with microbiota that benefit the germination and growth of endangered plant species could improve their revegetation success and conservation status. While ecosystem degradation can disrupt beneficial plant–soil‐microbial interactions, the prospect of reintroducing native plant‐associated soil microbiota during revegetation could help to restore these important ecological links and assist the recovery of key species. We address the role of soil microbiota on germination and seedling fitness traits of the endangered Acacia whibleyana (Fabaceae) through a 17‐week greenhouse experiment. Soil treatments included local soil, potting medium, three inoculation ratios (3:1, 1:1, 1:3 local soil: potting medium), sterilized local soil and sterilized potting medium. Soil sterilization reduced the time to first seed germination, indicating a role of soil microbiota on germination. The 1:1 whole soil inoculation saw reduced germination rates compared with either pure local or potting‐medium treatments, and the slower germination times observed in live soils confirmed the strong influence of soil microbiota on the timing of germination. We report evidence that poor inoculation strategies can adversely impact germination of this endangered Acacia. Furthermore, our findings suggest that careful assessment of microbiota associated with A. whibleyana could help to improve germination and recruitment during its revegetation and conservation management.
Heartbreaking anthropology hurts: Studying fertility rituals while struggling with infertility
Authors: Arumugam Indira 
Published: January 2023

SummaryEthnography involves using the self as the mechanism to try to understand others and their life worlds. How is knowledge and knowledge production affected by the apparatus of knowing, the ethnographer experiencing cataclysms in their personal life? In this article, I grapple with the fraught dilemmas of doing fieldwork on mother goddesses and ritual cults premised on the cultivation of fertility while experiencing infertility and undergoing assisted reproductive treatments (ART). My recovery from pregnancy losses and fertility failures was compromised by my research on fertility, which continuously resurrected my trauma. Juxtaposing research on ritual technologies with personal experience of biomedical treatments—different means to overcome the limits of nature to bring about reproductive success—I foreground the ceding of human control and agency demanded by both therapies. My ethnographic writing similarly loosened to admit emotions, ambivalences, and absences that I had normally excluded or edited out. Even as it provokes theoretical insights, to keep probing ongoing personal trauma has become unbearable. To salve heartbreak and to salvage some control has warranted rebuilding a few of the enclosures keeping the personal away from the professional.
Pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and safety of two formulations of ticagrelor in healthy Chinese subjects: Effects of food
Authors: Dong Chengmei , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Yalan , Ouyang Wenjuan , Peng Daizhuang , Li Xiaomin , Li Dai , Qin Qun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTicagrelor is the first reversible ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonist approved to treat acute coronary syndrome. To investigate the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of ticagrelor tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers, 32 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to an open‐labelled, single‐centre, two‐preparation, two‐sequence, two‐cycle, double‐crossover trial under fasting and fed conditions, with a washout period of 7 days. Plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR‐C124910XX were determined using LC–MS/MS. The Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ of the reference and test tablets were determined using ANOVA and the USFDA bioequivalence statistical criterion of 90% CI for the 80%–125% range (p ≤ 0.05) of the geometric mean ratios. Adverse events (AEs) were observed and recorded. Food consumption increased the AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ (p < 0.01) of ticagrelor, lowered the Cmax (p < 0.01) and prolonged the t12z (p < 0.05) of AR‐C124910XX. The effects of food on the reference preparations were comparable. Formulation, time and sequence had no significant effects on the PK parameters (p ≧ 0.05). The test formulation was bioequivalent to the reference formulation as the geometric mean ratios under fasting and fed conditions were within equivalence limits (80%–125%). No serious AEs were reported. Thus, test and reference ticagrelor are bioequivalent in Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.
Test‐Time Optimization for Video Depth Estimation Using Pseudo Reference Depth
Authors: Zeng Libing , Kalantari Nima Khademi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a learning‐based test‐time optimization approach for reconstructing geometrically consistent depth maps from a monocular video. Specifically, we optimize an existing single image depth estimation network on the test example at hand. We do so by introducing pseudo reference depth maps which are computed based on the observation that the optical flow displacement for an image pair should be consistent with the displacement obtained by depth‐reprojection. Additionally, we discard inaccurate pseudo reference depth maps using a simple median strategy and propose a way to compute a confidence map for the reference depth. We use our pseudo reference depth and the confidence map to formulate a loss function for performing the test‐time optimization in an efficient and effective manner. We compare our approach against the state‐of‐the‐art methods on various scenes both visually and numerically. Our approach is on average 2.5× faster than the state of the art and produces depth maps with higher quality.
Experiences from daily practice of upadacitinib treatment on atopic dermatitis with a focus on hand eczema: Results from the BioDay registry
Authors: Kamphuis Esmé , Loman Laura , Han Henry L. , Romeijn Geertruida L. E. , Politiek Klaziena , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world data on the effectiveness of upadacitinib on atopic dermatitis (AD), hand eczema (HE) and HE in the context of AD are limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib on AD and on HE in patients with AD.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study includes clinical outcomes: Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), Photographic guide; and PROMs: average pruritus and pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score of the past week, Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Patient‐Oriented Eczema, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT), Patient Global Assessment of Disease (PGAD), Quality Of Life Hand Eczema Questionnaire (QOLHEQ) at baseline, Week 4, and Week 16 of upadacitinib‐treated patients. Adverse events were monitored during each visit.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were included, of which 32 patients had HE. At Week 16, EASI‐75 was achieved by 50.0%. Absolute cutoff score NRS‐pruritus ≤4 was reached by 62.5%, POEM ≤7 by 37.5%, DLQI ≤5 by 59.4%, ADCT <7 by 68.8%, and PGAD rating of at least ‘good’ by 53.1%. HECSI‐75 was achieved by 59.3% and (almost) clear on the Photographic guide by 74.1%. The minimally important change in QOLHEQ was achieved by 57.9%. Sub‐analysis in patients with concomitant irritant contact dermatitis showed no differences. Safety analysis showed no new findings compared to clinical trials.ConclusionsUpadacitinib can be an effective treatment for patients with AD and concomitant HE in daily practice. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of upadacitinib on chronic HE, especially on the different etiological subtypes of HE, including HE in non‐atopic individuals.
Weaving a story: Narrative formation over prolonged time scales engages social cognition and frontoparietal networks
Authors: Assouline Amir , Mendelsohn Avi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractForming narratives is of key importance to human experience, enabling one to render large amounts of information into relatively compacted stories for future retrieval, giving meaning to otherwise fragmented occurrences. The neural mechanisms that underlie coherent narrative construction of causally connected information over prolonged temporal periods are yet unclear. Participants in this fMRI study observed consecutive scenes from a full‐length movie either in their original order, enabling causal inferences over time, or in reverse order, impeding a key component of coherent narratives—causal inference. In between scenes, we presented short periods of blank screens for examining post‐encoding processing effects. Using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) followed by seed‐base correlation analysis, we hypothesized that networks involved in online monitoring of incoming information on the one hand, and offline processing of previous occurrences on the other would differ between the groups. We found that despite the exposure to the same scenes, the chronological‐order condition exhibited enhanced functional connectivity in frontoparietal regions associated with information integration and working memory. The reverse‐order condition yielded offline, post‐scene coactivation of neural networks involved in social cognition and particularly theory of mind and action comprehension. These findings shed light on offline processes of narrative construction efforts, highlighting the role of social cognition networks in seeking for narrative coherence.
Melatonin reduces melanogenesis by inhibiting the paracrine effects of keratinocytes
Authors: Yang Siyu , Zeng Hongliang , Jiang Ling , Fu Chuhan , Gao Lijuan , Zhang Lan , Zhang Yushan , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhu Lu , Zhang Fan , Chen Jing , Huang Jinhua , Zeng Qinghai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKeratinocytes regulate melanogenesis in a paracrine manner. Previous studies have shown that melatonin can directly inhibit melanin production in the melanocytes. However, it is unclear whether melatonin can also indirectly regulate melanogenesis through the keratinocytes. In this study, we explored the role of melatonin in regulating keratinocyte‐mediated melanogenesis using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE). Melatonin showed an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in this model. Furthermore, the conditioned media from melatonin‐treated HaCaT cells downregulated melanogenesis‐related genes, including MITF, TYR, TYRP1, DCT and RAB27A in the pigment MNT1 cells, and decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK, JNK and p38. RNA sequencing further showed that mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress pathway in the MNT1 cells were inhibited by the conditioned medium from melatonin‐treated HaCaT cells. Furthermore, melatonin reduced the secretion of ET‐1 and PTGS2 from HaCaT cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. In conclusion, melatonin downregulates the paracrine factors ET‐1 and PTGS2 in the keratinocytes by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which reduces melanin production in pigment cells. Thus, melatonin has a potential therapeutic effect on skin pigmentation disorders.
Nonlocal analysis of edge‐cracked nanobeams under Mode I and Mixed‐Mode (I + II) static loading
Authors: Scorza Daniela , Luciano Raimondo , Caporale Andrea , Vantadori Sabrina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, the behavior of an edge‐cracked nanobeam under both Mode I and Mixed‐Mode (I + II) static bending loading is analyzed by using the stress‐driven nonlocal model (SDM), being the SDM applied for the first time in the case of Mixed‐Mode loading. More precisely, the cracked nanobeam is modeled by using a modification of the classical cracked‐beam theory, consisting in dividing the beam into two beam segments connected through a massless elastic rotational spring located at the cracked cross section. The bending stiffness of the cracked cross section is computed by exploiting: the Griffith energy criterion and the conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics. Cracks under both Mode I and Mixed‐Mode (I + II) loading are considered. Finally, an edge‐cracked cantilever nanobeam subjected to a transversal point load at the free end is analyzed. The static deflection is calculated and discussed for different values of relative crack depth, crack location, and crack orientation.
Synovitis and joint health in patients with haemophilia: Statements from a European e‐Delphi consensus study
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Holstein Katharina , O‘Donnell James S. , Lobet Sébastien , Klamroth Robert ,   the FVIII Think Tank Study Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSynovitis, a common feature in haemophilia, is triggered by the presence of blood in joints, and represents the first step towards the development of chronic arthropathy. Synovitis may be detected early by means of ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging scan; clinical joint scores are less sensitive in this setting. Regular long‐term prophylaxis with clotting factor concentrates, as primary prophylaxis and tailored to individual needs, has high efficacy in preventing synovitis. In general, higher factor levels lower bleeding risk, but no direct correlation between factor levels and synovitis incidence has been demonstrated.AimThis study aimed to develop an expert consensus relating to the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, follow‐up and treatment of synovitis, recognising its relevance for joint health and taking into account existing knowledge gaps.MethodsA Delphi consensus study was designed and performed. An expert group prepared 22 statements based on existing literature; a wider expert panel subsequently voted on these.ResultsRetention of panellists was high. Four statements required amending and consensus on all statements was achieved after three rounds of voting.ConclusionThis e‐Delphi consensus study addressed the importance of synovitis in joint health of people with haemophilia and highlighted knowledge gaps in this field. Studies on the natural course of synovitis are lacking and the biological mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully elucidated. While basic and clinical research proceeds in this field, expert consensus can help guide clinicians in their routine clinical practice, and Delphi methodology is often used to produce best‐practice guidelines.
Heterocyclic aromatic amines in spiced pork shoulder: content analysis and effects of soy sauce, cooking wine and sugar
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Wang Lu , Zhou Yajun 
Published: January 2023

SummarySpiced pork shoulder is a traditional Chinese meat product that is loved by consumers. However, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed by spiced pork shoulder during processing endanger human health. The present study determined the HAA contents of seven kinds of spiced pork shoulder, and examined the effects of soy sauce, cooking wine and sugar on the formation of HAAs. The total HAAs of the seven samples were between 0.10 ng/g and 56.82 ng/g. There were Harman (0.03–39.77 ng/g) and Norharman (0.06–18.76 ng/g) correlations in all samples. Not all samples had higher HAAs levels in the skin than the whole shoulder. Creatine and creatinine were more actively involved in the formation of HAAs than glucose. Soy sauce contributed the most to the formation of HAAs, followed by cooking wine and sugar. Compared to spiced pork shoulder, the soup contained more HAAs. Exogenous contamination of HAAs in soy sauce, cooking wine and soup was an important source of HAAs in spiced pork shoulder.
Youth involvement in policy processes in public health, education, and social work: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Helleve Arnfinn , Flodgren Gerd Monika , Blanchard Laurence , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Rutter Harry , Mathisen Jonas Rekdal , Klepp Knut‐Inge 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and impact of youth involvement in policy processes within public health, education, and social work. Youth involvement in policy processes may enhance the relevance of policies and strengthen democratic practices. This scoping review aims to explore the nature, extent, and impact of youth involvement in policy processes in public health, education, and social work, with a focus on health, well‐being, and obesity prevention. Empirical studies published from 1989 and evaluating involvement of youth aged 10 to 19 years old from all socioeconomic backgrounds and countries. Studies will be searched in seven databases. Data will be extracted and synthesized narratively by rights‐based perspectives on youth involvement, practical processes of the involvement, and social experiences using descriptive statistics and visuals.
An overview of interventional radiology techniques for the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies: Part 1
Authors: Scollan Margaret E. , Azimov Neyra , Garzon Maria C. , Tulin‐Silver Sheryl 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMinimally invasive percutaneous and endovascular strategies performed by interventional radiologists have become the mainstays of treatment for vascular anomalies, with improved outcomes, decreased complication rates, and reduced morbidity. The aim of this article is to introduce physicians who care for patients with vascular anomalies to state‐of‐the‐art advancements in interventional radiology (IR) for diagnosis and treatment. Part 1 of this review will focus on sclerotherapy and cryoablation. Part 2 will discuss embolization, endovenous laser ablation, and image‐guided percutaneous biopsy. Select vascular anomalies will be discussed as examples to highlight IR diagnostic and/or treatment techniques.
Epidemiological profile of malnutrition status and spatial distribution of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania
Authors: Chacha Samuel , Hui Jing , Yuxin Teng , Wang Ziping , Ali Saumu , Mbonile Nicolaus , Msumari Mary , Msuya Ndovera , Malimu Emmanuel , Revocatus Baraka , Maokola Werner , Mtali Godwin , Simon Victor , Dang Shaonong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of malnutrition status, analyse the association between malnutrition status and individual‐level factors, and explore the spatial variation among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania.MethodsThe study is based on large‐scale baseline routine data from the National AIDS Control Programme on people living with HIV from January 2016 to December 2021 in mainland Tanzania. 70,102 children and adolescents aged 5–19 years receiving active antiretroviral therapy were included in the analysis. Nutritional status of participants was assessed by anthropometric measurement. Pearson's Chi‐square test was used to describe the association between individual‐level factors with all malnutrition outcomes and spatial analysis was used to investigate spatial distribution of malnutrition. The excess risk of malnutrition for each region was calculated while Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis‐Ord statistical tools were used to identify significant hot spots regions of malnutrition.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 11.1 (SD 4.7) years, with 71.7% in the 5–14‐year age group and 58.4% being girls. 39.2% were attending care and treatment clinics services at hospital level with public ownership. 53.4% started using ARV at age 5–14 years and 55.5% had already switched to second‐ or third‐line ARV with 61.1% using ARV for less than 3 years. 51.2% were in WHO HIV clinical stage III or IV. The prevalence of malnutrition was 36.0% for stunting, 28.9% for underweight, 13.0% for wasting, and 48.0% for anthropometric failure. Individual‐level factors which accounted for a higher proportion of malnutrition based on anthropometric failure were male sex (56.3%), age 5–14 years (50.0%), being unmarried (52.9%), being on second‐ or third‐line ARV treatment (51.4%), ART initiation at age 5–14 years (55.7%), ARV for more than 3 years (49.4%), and stage IV of WHO HIV clinical status (57.8%). There were regional hot spots (p < 0.05): the prevalence rate and excess risk of malnutrition for stunting and anthropometric failure were highest in the southern highlands regions, for underweight in the central regions, and for wasting in the northern regions.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Tanzania suffer from poor nutritional status. Malnutrition does not occur arbitrarily, and the regions identified as hot spots should be given priority for nutritional intervention. Effective nutritional interventions for children living with HIV/AIDS should incorporate multiple approaches by considering unique geographical factors.
Buprenorphine administration during gestation induces hepatotoxicity in the rat fetus
Authors: Fayaz Farshid , Zarban Asghar , Aschner Michael , Aramjoo Hamed , Roshanravan Babak , Foadodini Mohsen , Abderam Amir , Samarghandian Saeed , Farkhondeh Tahereh 
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the effect of buprenorphine (BUP) on the livers of pups exposed to this drug during the fetal stage. BUP decreased the activities of serum liver enzymes in exposed animals versus the controls. BUP (0.5 mg/kg) decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased the glutathione levels in the liver of animals versus other groups. The superoxide dismutase activity was elevated in the BUP 0.5 mg/kg group versus the control group. BUP (1 mg/kg) induced histopathological changes in the livers of pups. In conclusion, BUP may induce hepatotoxicity in pups exposed to this drug during the fetal stage.
Reduction of $$^{222}\hbox {Rn}$$-induced backgrounds in a hermetic dual-phase xenon time projection chamber
Authors: Dierle Julia , Brown Adam , Fischer Horst , Glade-Beucke Robin , Grigat Jaron , Kuger Fabian , Lindemann Sebastian , Rajado Silva Mariana , Schumann Marc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe continuous emanation of $$^{222}\hbox {Rn}$$

222

Rn

from detector surfaces causes the dominant background in current liquid xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) searching for dark matter. A significant reduction is required for the next generation of detectors which are aiming to reach the neutrino floor, such as DARWIN. $$^{222}\hbox {Rn}$$

222

Rn

-induced backgrounds can be reduced using a hermetic TPC, in which the sensitive target volume is mechanically separated from the rest of the detector containing the majority of Rn-emanating surfaces. We present a hermetic TPC that mainly follows the well-established design of leading xenon TPCs and has been operated successfully over a period of several weeks. By scaling up the results achieved to the DARWIN-scale, we show that the hermetic TPC concept can reduce the $$^{222}\hbox {Rn}$$

222

Rn

concentration to the required level, even with imperfect separation of the volumes.