bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The number of erupted teeth as a risk factor for dental caries in eighteen-month-old children: a cross‑sectional study
Authors: Otsugu Masatoshi , Mikasa Yusuke , Kadono Maika , Matsuoka Taro , Matsunami Katsura , Nakamura Motomi , Ohno Yuko , Kato Takafumi , Nakano Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, affecting lifelong as well as children. Therefore, it is important to clarify factors related to early childhood caries (ECC) in a younger population in terms of caries prevention. However, the prevalence of ECC is low in developed countries in the 21st century and a large-scale survey is needed to clarify the risk factors. Furthermore, earlier tooth eruption is not taken into consideration in most studies of ECC, even though it may be a factor of ECC. The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries in children aged 18 months in a core city of Japan.
Methods
Findings from a total of 7351 children aged 18 months were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight, as well as an oral examination and a microbiological caries-risk test, were performed. Additionally, a structured interview sheet was provided to the parents or guardians. Findings of dental caries at 18 months of age were evaluated using a logistic regression model.
Results
Of the enrolled children, 1.2% had experienced dental caries. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant association with dental caries at 18 months of age for the following factors: second child (OR = 1.78; 95% CI:1.08–2.93, P < 0.05), third and later child (OR = 2.08; 95% CI:1.12–3.89, P < 0.05), 12 or fewer erupted teeth (OR = 0.47; 95% CI:0.24–0.96, P < 0.05), 17 or more erupted teeth (OR = 4.37; 95% CI:1.63–11.7, P < 0.01), Cariostat score (+++) (OR = 3.99; 95% CI:1.29–12.31, P < 0.05), daily eating before bed (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.55–4.45, P < 0.001), three or more snacks per day (OR = 2.03; 95% CI:1.15–3.58, P < 0.05), and breastfeeding (OR = 3.30; 95% CI:2.00–5.44, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
These results suggest that the number of erupted teeth, as well as birth order, eating habits, and breastfeeding, is a significant factor for dental caries development at 18 months of age, while the microbiological caries-risk test is effective for detecting high-risk children.
WITHDRAWN: Construction of a high-density genetic map and QTL mapping of growth traits in kiwifruit
Authors: Li Sikai , Wang Ran , Lin Miaomiao , Gu Hong , Li Yukuo , Zhang Min , Feng Xin , Qi Xiujuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Kiwifruit is a perennial vine with a long juvenile period. Trunk diameter (TD) and annual branch diameter (ABD) are closely related to the growth vigor, abiotic resistance and fruit yield of kiwifruit. They are quantitative traits that are controlled by more than one quantitative trait locus (QTL). QTLs for TD and ABD in kiwifruit remain unelucidated.
Results In the present study, a cross of the diploid species Actinidia chinensis‘Hongyang’×‘Biyu’♂ was generated to construct a high-density linkage map. We carried out restriction-site associated DNA sequencing of the parents and 173 F1 progeny to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the population. A high-density linkage map spanning 2548.97 cM was developed using 6506 bin markers. This bin map consisted of 29 linkage group (LG), with an average genetic distance of 0.39 cM. A total of 11 QTLs were identified: 5 for the TD and 6 for the ABD. QTL effect sizes were small to moderate, with 1.58 to 13.42% of the variance explained by a single QTL. A total of 358 TD candidate genes and 181 ABD candidate genes were extracted from among the QTLs. Enrichment analysis of candidate genes was carried out using the Gene Ontology (GO) classification system and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. In addition, we developed a TD marker in LG23 at position 1971916 bp and an ABD marker in LG10 at position 584605 bp. Genotyping assays revealed that two markers correlated significantly with growth vigor. A TD candidate gene (Actinidia22292) and an ABD candidate gene (Actinidia40478) were also identified near two markers.
Conclusions This linkage map and QTLs identified will be useful to dissect the genetics of growth vigor. Furthermore, the molecular markers found in this study can be used in marker-assisted selection to screen kiwifruit seedlings for high growth vigor. These genetic findings deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of growth traits in kiwifruit, and the information obtained is applicable to facilitate kiwifruit breeding.
Rapid identification and characterization of pineapple fruitlet core rot pathogens on the ‘TN20’ cultivar in Taiwan
Authors: Liang Yu-Ping , Lin Kuan-Yu , Lai Su-Yu , Ni Hui-Fang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fruitlet core rot (FCR) is a worldwide fungal disease of pineapple, which occasionally occurs on susceptible cultivars in Taiwan. This study describes the fungal pathogens of FCR and their occurrence in Taiwan for the first time. A total of 51 fungal isolates were obtained from diseased fruitlets and blossom cups of ‘TN20’, a susceptible cultivar planted in Taiwan. These isolates were identified as the Talaromyces species T. amestolkiae, T. funiculosus, and T. stollii and Fusarium species F. ananatum, F. oxysporum, and F. annulatum based on phylogenetic analyses. All of them have been described as FCR pathogens in other countries, if considering that F. annulatum has often been misidentified as F. proliferatum. To facilitate identification, four pairs of species-specific primers were developed, which enabled rapid identification of T. amestolkiae, T. funiculosus, and T. stollii by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and F. ananatum by PCR. Two types of diseased fruitlets, “wet” and “dry”, were observed on ‘TN20’, and T. amestolkiae, T. funiculosus, T. stollii, and F. ananatum could be isolated from both types. In addition, Talaromyces and Fusarium species were isolated from blossom cups at high frequencies, but few fungi were isolated from healthy tissues. The specific primers designed in this study could provide a useful tool to study FCR in the future, and the findings could provide a better understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of FCR.
Topoisomerase II Inhibition Attenuates LPS-induced IL- 1β Secretion by Macrophages
Authors: Brindle Ashleigh , Bainbridge Callum , Kumar Muganti , Todryk Stephen , Padget Kay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inhibiting pathological secretion of Interleukin-1β has shown beneficial effects in disease models and in the clinic and thus there is interest in finding inhibitors that can reduce its release from macrophages in response to their activation by foreign pathogens. We used an in vitro human macrophage model to investigate whether ICRF-193, a Topoisomerase II inhibitor could modulate IL1B mRNA expression and IL-1β secretion. These macrophage-like cells readily secrete IL-1β in response to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Upon exposure to a non-toxic dose of ICRF-193, IL-1β secretion was diminished by ~ 40%; however, level of transcription of IL1B was unaffected. We show that there was no Topoisomerase 2B (TOP2B) binding to IL1B gene proximal sites, confirming that it is not involved directly in mediating the transcription of IL1B and hence why ICRF-193 does not alter IL1B mRNA levels. Quantification of Topoisomerase isoforms suggests that TOP2B plays a role in mediating the effects of ICRF-193 on IL-1β secretion. Hence, we show for the first time that ICRF-193 can reduce IL-1β secretion. Its low cost and the development of water-soluble prodrugs of ICRF-193 warrants its further investigation in the modulation of pathological secretion of this cytokine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. (196 words)
Morbidity and mortality are not improved by preemptive ICU transfer of acute myeloid leukemia patients presenting a high risk of early complications
Authors: Hervé Hyvernat , Lucas Morand , Mathieu Jozwiak , Matthieu Buscot , Clément Saccheri , Denis Doyen , jean Dellamonica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a high rate of life-threatening early complications. Patients presenting with hyperleukocytosis >50x10⁹/L and/or promyelocytic leukemia at the time of AML diagnosis can be considered at high risk of early complications (HReC) and thus at high risk of mortality. At our institution, we propose preemptive ICU admission to HReC patients. In so doing, our goal is to prevent complication occurrence, or, failing that, to provide rapid life-sustaining treatment (LST). In the present retrospective study, we sought to determine whether preemptive ICU admission improves survival for patients newly diagnosed with AML.
Results: We analyzed a total study population of 634 patients within a ten-year period. Of that population, 24.7% (n=157) was admitted to the ICU, 20.5% (n=130) due to complications and 4.2% (n=27) preemptively. Delays to ICU admission were 12.9 hours, 7 days and 181 days for respectively the preemptive, early complications and late complications groups, p<0.001. The preemptive group showed significantly better survival at one month post ICU admission (66.7%) compared to the early (37.7%) and late (46.4%) complications groups, p=0.039. Furthermore, LST recourse in the ICU was significantly lower in the preemptive group (41% (n=11)) compared to the early (73% (n=56)) and late (73% (n=41)) complications groups, p<0.001. However, when considering survival at one-month post AML diagnosis, no significant differences were observed between patients admitted preemptively and those admitted following complications. Additionally, Cox regression identified preemptive ICU admission as a predictive factor for mortality at one month post AML diagnosis (hazard ratio 2.72, p<0.013). These contradictory data may be explained by selection and chronological biases when the analysis is limited to only ICU patients.
Conclusion: Preemptive ICU admission does not improve survival for patients with AML. Suggested benefits for preemptive ICU admission may reflect analysis biases.
Healthcare workers’ knowledge on nosocomial infections preventive measures and its associated factors in Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Salu Samuel , Okyere Joshua , Charles-Unadike Veronica Okwuchi , Ananga Mark Kwame 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infection is a worldwide health concern that affects around 1.4 million individuals and is like an endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite advances in medical technology and surgical management procedures in both developed and developing countries, these infections still continue to be prevalent. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge in preventive measures and the socio-demographic factors that influence knowledge in preventive measures of nosocomial infection, among healthcare workers in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2021. A sample of 237 healthcare workers in the Hohoe Municipality was selected to participate in the study. Data was collected with a questionnaire designed in Google Forms and analyzed using Stata version 16.0.
Results: The majority of the healthcare workers were females 124(52.3%) while males were 113(47.7%). More than two-thirds of them 195(82.7%) were within the age group of (20-40) years. Findings from this study showed that majority (69.2%) of the healthcare workers were not knowledgeable on the preventive measures of nosocomial infections. However, the study revealed that age [aOR=0.25; 95%CI=0.09-0.69), p=0.007] and in-service training or workshop [aOR=9.55; 95%CI=1.23-74.36), p=0.031] were statistically significant to healthcare workers’ knowledge in preventive measures of nosocomial infections.
Conclusion: The study concludes that age and participation in-service training or workshop are significant factors that influence the knowledge of healthcare workers in preventive measures for nosocomial infections. These results highlight the importance of providing ongoing training and professional development opportunities to healthcare workers to enhance their knowledge and improve their ability to prevent and control nosocomial infections. Additionally, the study emphasizes the need for targeted training programs that take into account the age of healthcare workers, in order to ensure that training is tailored to their specific needs and learning styles.
Effect of Waste Materials on Thermo-Mechanical Properties to Produced of Eco-Friendly Construction Bricks
Authors: Koçyiğit Şermin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It has become inevitable for the countries to produce sustainable, green and environmentally friendly materials to provide thermal comfort in buildings, reduce energy costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and global warming effects. In this study, cost-effective eco-friendly construction materials with better thermal conductivity were produced by using alkaline activators (AA) such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) in combination with waste materials from a regional volcanic natural rock Diyarbakır Karacadağ Red Scoria (KS) and Karacadağ rice husk ash (RHA). First of all, Particle Size, XRF, XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM, and EDS analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the raw materials. These raw materials were mixed in different rates to form mixtures. These rates were 65%, 60%, 55%, 55%, and 50% for clay, 30% (fixed) for KS, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% for RHA and 5%, 10%, and 15% for AA. Rectangular samples for mechanical tests and cylindrical samples for thermal tests were prepared and they were fired at 9500C. SEM, EDS and XRD analyses were performed on the fractured bricks after the compressive strength test. Bulk density, apparent porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, loss on ignition, thermal conductivity, and microstructures of the fired bricks were analysed. Experimental results showed that porosity, water absorption, loss on ignition increased, density but density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity decreased as the rates of rice husk ash and NaOH+Na2SiO3 increased with Karacadağ scoria at a fixed rate. The addition of waste RHA, KS, and AA in the brick resulted in a significant increase in thermal performance by 0.263 W/mK compared to the control brick (1.043 W/mK), while the compressive strength decreased from 32.5 to 7.2 MPa. Even though the compressive strength decreased due to the micropores forming as a result of the addition of these materials in the brick, it was greater than 7MPa as stated in the literature. The findings of the present study indicated that the fired clay bricks produced are potential materials for building applications requiring an appropriate thermal insulation and mechanical strength as well as internal structural applications.
Exploring the Impact of Gamification on BCI Performance in Children: The Case for Personalization
Authors: Kelly Dion , Irvine Brian , Kinney-Lang Eli , Marquez Daniel Comaduran , Floreani Erica D. , Kirton Adam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
A major challenge with BCI use is the requirement for subject-specific calibration, which is often tedious and unengaging, but necessary to improve performance. This is especially true for children, whose limited attention and motivation may restrict the duration of endurable calibration periods. Several studies have shown that the addition of scoring systems and rewards to tasks, a process known as “gamification”, can increase motivation, attention, and task performance in children. This randomized, prospective, cross-over study aimed to address this challenge by comparing the effects of gamified versus non-gamified calibration environments on classification accuracy and BCI performance on utility-driven tasks.
Methods
Thirty-two typically developing children (14 female, mean age 11.9 years, range 5.8–17.9) attended two sessions lasting between 1.5-2 hours, to perform two standard paradigms: spelling using visual P300 event-related potentials (P300) and cursor control using sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) modulation, following gamified and non-gamified calibration. Gamified paradigms incorporated elements of game design, such as meaningful stories, quests, points and sounds. The primary outcome was BCI performance, which included performance of the classification model and online accuracy. Motivation, tolerability, and mental workload (NASA-TLX) were evaluated following each paradigm.
Results
For the P300 paradigm, mean classification accuracy was similar after gamified (96.81 ± 3.46%) and non-gamified (96.52 ± 2.42%) calibration. Mean classification accuracy for the SMR paradigm was 61.81 ± 13.35% with gamification and 59.84 ± 11.36% without gamification (n.s.). Mean online accuracy for SMR cursor control was 63.23% for both conditions. For the P300 spelling task, online performance was significantly lower following gamified training (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences found between classification accuracy, online BCI performance, motivation, tolerability, or perceived mental workload.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of gamified calibration paradigms on classification accuracy and BCI performance in children. Our results reinforce the ability of typical children to control advanced BCI systems with performance comparable to adults. Gamified calibration environments may not enhance BCI classification and performance in children though the gamified environments utilized in this study may not have been engaging enough. This work underscores the need for further research to optimize BCI training paradigms for pediatric use.
A fast Chebyshev wavelet numerical method for the solution of the Advection partial differential equations
Authors: . Vivek , Kumar Manoj , Mishra Suyash Narayan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, we present a computationally efficient technique based on the method of Chebyshev wavelets and collocation technique for the solution of linear and nonlinear the Advection partial differential equations. We transform these problems into a system of algebraic equations using truncated Chebyshev wavelet expansions and then simplified using a suitable method. The suggested Chebyshev wavelet approach is worked out for the convergence analysis it is demonstrated that the estimation of a function using Chebyshev wavelets converges uniformly to itself. It is also anticipated that the proposed approach would be more efficient and suitable for solving a variety of nonlinear partial differential equations that occur in science and engineering. Examples are given to show how the suggested wavelet method provides enhanced accuracy for a wide range of problems.
A Two-Pass Deep Learning System for Monitoring Visual Attributes of Food in Real-time during Fluidized Bed Drying
Authors: Iheonye Anthony C. , Ferrie Frank , Raghavan Vijaya , Orsat Valérie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Consumers rely on visual attributes when purchasing dried foods. If the product is unattractive, they walk away, leading to increase in global food waste. Attempts have been made to develop computer vision (CV) systems to monitor visual attributes of foods during the drying process. Unfortunately, figure-ground separation challenges such as overlapping, clustering, and variation in color and texture prevented the development of effective solutions for monitoring visual attributes of food during fluidized bed drying. To resolve this problem, we investigated the use of “Unet-Xception”, a novel real-time deep learning solution for monitoring the color, texture, and size of green peas, during fluidized bed drying. “Unet-Xception” combined modified U-Net and Xception architectures. U-Net segmented images of the peas, while Xception predicted visual attributes using the segmented output. Unet-Xception achieved a Mean Intersection-Over-Union of 0.9464 for segmentation quality, surpassing a classical CV solution. The AI-solution also detected additional objects of interest and outperformed the classical CV model in predicting visual attributes. It was found that a* and b* indices were the best predictors of color during drying. Homogeneity was the best parameter for monitoring texture. As expected, with improved segmentation and the detection of additional objects of interest, Unet-Xception produced far smoother trends than the classical model during deployment. This adaptable and novel solution is therefore able to monitor real-time changes in visual attributes of food, during fluidized bed drying. Incorporating this solution into current food dryers could lead to consistent product quality and significant reduction in global food waste.
Highly infectious, less pathogenic and antibody resistant Omicron XBB.1, XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.5.1-XBB.1.5.39 subvariant Coronaviruses do not produce ORF8 protein due to 8th codon GGA=TGA Termination Codon Mutation
Authors: CHAKRABORTY ASIT KUMAR 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
RNA viruses are very mutation prone. We recently reported SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 gene CAA = TAA and AAA = TAA Termination Codon Mutations in B.1.1.7 variants with no production of viable ORF8 protein. We described here another GGA = TGA termination codon in the 8th codon of ORF8 gene located exclusively in XBB.1 (XBB.1.16 and XBB.1.22) and XBB.1.5 subvariants (XBB.1.5.1 to XBB.1.5.39) but not in XBB.2 variant or Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BF.7 and BQ.1 subvariants. However, G > T mutation at 27915 also created an alternate ATG codon but the protein product was short due to preceding TAG and TGA termination codons. The originally located following ATG codons were there but in alternate reading frames and ultimately no ORF8 protein was formed in XBB.1.5 subvariants which were spreading highly now over BA.2.75, BA.4.6, BA.5.2.1, BF.7 and BQ.1.1 subvariants. This is a vivid example of three termination codon mutations in the coronavirus ORF8 protein which was implicated as target for many human proteins regulating interferon production, chromosome instability, antibody production, pathogenicity and virus clearance. The 30nt deletion in the 3’-UTR, including 24LPP, and 145Y deletions in Spike protein as well as N-protein 31ERS and ORF1ab polyprotein 3675SGF deletions made XBB.1.5 Omicron coronavirus weak and less pathogenic so that WHO declared coronaviruses as non-emergency pathogen.
TRP Gene Family as a Prognostic Marker for Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of TCGA Data
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Xin , Xiong Renhui , Zhang Qian , Luo Zhong , Fan Ruirui , Hu Guyue , Niu Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of gated cation channels with multiple activation properties. The connection between the TRP gene family and tumor progression has been identified. It is still unclear, nevertheless, how they influence the progression and prognosis of Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Methods Single- and multi-factor analyses of KIRC patients’ data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were performed, and the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was established and tested. The changes in TRP family expression have been investigated through tumor stages to determine whether they associate with poor outcomes. Analyze functional enrichment of essential TRP members. Results Our results revealed TRP gene family could be used as an essential prognostic marker in KIRC. Additionally, an abnormally high expression of TRPV3 has a strong connection with a poor prognosis and could shorten the survival time of patients and lead to the cancer progression. Conclusions Our results manifested that the TRP gene family is crucial to the prognosis and treatment of KIRC. Hence, we suggested that TRP gene family could serve as a new biomarker for possible therapeutic targets and prognostic values of KIRC.