bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis
Authors: Granados Alys , Sun Catherine , Fisher Jason T. , Ladle Andrew , Dawe Kimberly , Beirne Christopher , Boyce Mark S. , Chow Emily , Heim Nicole , Fennell Mitchell , Klees van Bommel Joanna , Naidoo Robin , Procko Michael , Stewart Frances E. C. , Burton A. Cole 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOutdoor recreation is widespread, with uncertain effects on wildlife. The human shield hypothesis (HSH) suggests that recreation could have differential effects on predators and prey, with predator avoidance of humans creating a spatial refuge ‘shielding’ prey from people. The generality of the HSH remains to be tested across larger scales, wherein human shielding may prove generalizable, or diminish with variability in ecological contexts. We combined data from 446 camera traps and 79,279 sampling days across 10 landscapes spanning 15,840 km2 in western Canada. We used hierarchical models to quantify the influence of recreation and landscape disturbance (roads, logging) on ungulate prey (moose, mule deer and elk) and carnivore (wolf, grizzly bear, cougar and black bear) site use. We found limited support for the HSH and strong responses to recreation at local but not larger spatial scales. Only mule deer showed positive but weak landscape‐level responses to recreation. Elk were positively associated with local recreation while moose and mule deer responses were negative, contrary to HSH predictions. Mule deer showed a more complex interaction between recreation and land‐use disturbance, with more negative responses to recreation at lower road density or higher logged areas. Contrary to HSH predictions, carnivores did not avoid recreation and grizzly bear site use was positively associated. We also tested the effects of roads and logging on temporal activity overlap between mule deer and recreation, expecting deer to minimize interaction with humans by partitioning time in areas subject to more habitat disturbance. However, temporal overlap between people and deer increased with road density. Our findings highlight the complex ecological patterns that emerge at macroecological scales. There is a need for expanded monitoring of human and wildlife use of recreation areas, particularly multi‐scale and ‐species approaches to studying the interacting effects of recreation and land‐use change on wildlife.
Habitat geometry rather than visual acuity limits the visibility of a ground‐nesting bird's clutch to terrestrial predators
Authors: Hancock George R. A. , Grayshon Lizzie , Burrell Ryan , Cuthill Innes , Hoodless Andrew , Troscianko Jolyon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nests of ground‐nesting birds rely heavily on camouflage for their survival, and predation risk, often linked to ecological changes from human activity, is a major source of mortality. Numerous ground‐nesting bird populations are in decline, so understanding the effects of camouflage on their nesting behavior is relevant to their conservation concerns. Habitat three‐dimensional (3D) geometry, together with predator visual abilities, viewing distance, and viewing angle, determine whether a nest is either visible, occluded, or too far away to detect. While this link is intuitive, few studies have investigated how fine‐scale geometry is likely to help defend nests from different predator guilds. We quantified nest visibility based on 3D occlusion, camouflage, and predator visual modeling in northern lapwings, Vanellus vanellus, on different land management regimes. Lapwings selected local backgrounds that had a higher 3D complexity at a spatial scale greater than their entire clutches compared to local control sites. Importantly, our findings show that habitat geometry—rather than predator visual acuity—restricts nest visibility for terrestrial predators and that their field habitats, perceived by humans as open, are functionally closed with respect to a terrestrial predator searching for nests on the ground. Taken together with lapwings' careful nest site selection, our findings highlight the importance of considering habitat geometry for understanding the evolutionary ecology and management of conservation sites for ground‐nesting birds.
Investigation of Two Zr‐p‐NO2Bn‐DOTA Isomers via NMR and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Lee Yong Sok , O'Connor Robert D. , Vasalatiy Olga 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA combination of NMR studies and quantum chemical calculations were employed to investigate the structure and energetics of Zr4+ chelates of pNO2Bn‐DOTA. We have demonstrated that two discrete regioisomeric chelates are generated during the complex formation. The nitrobenzyl substituent can adopt either an equatorial corner or side position on the macrocyclic ring. These regioisomers are incapable of interconversion and were isolated by HPLC. The corner isomer is more stable than the side, and the SAP conformer of both regioisomers is energetically more favorable than the corresponding TSAP conformer.
Non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in cooked beans and vegetables in Punjab, North India
Authors: Kharkwal Vineeta , Choudhary Monika , Bains Kiran , Bishnoi Mahendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBeans and vegetables are consumed with cereals in India on daily basis. The aim of the study was to assess carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in cooked beans and cooked vegetables consumed by adults (18–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years) subjects from two districts (Ludhiana and Bathinda) of Punjab. A total of 150 households were selected from 30 different locations covering both rural and urban areas. The mean daily consumption of beans and vegetables in Ludhiana was recorded as 35.09 and 215.93 g, respectively. The corresponding figures in Bathinda were observed as 26.85 and 230.54 g. The average amounts of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury were 1.44 × 10−5, 8.21 × 10−5, 1.30 × 10−3, and 2.61 × 10−7 mg/kg for cooked vegetables in urban households of Ludhiana district, respectively. The corresponding values for rural households were 1.53 × 10−5, 5.58 × 10−5, and 2.98 × 10−4 mg/kg while mercury was not detected. The mean chronic daily intake (CDI) of arsenic from cooked beans was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher in urban adult males of Ludhiana (7.74 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) and Bathinda (5.31 × 10−9 mg/kg/day) compared to their rural counterparts. Similar trend was observed in CDI of heavy metals from vegetables. The mean CDI of cadmium from cooked vegetables in urban adult females of Ludhiana (3.76 × 10−7 mg/kg/day) was significantly (p ≤ .001) higher than their rural counterparts and both urban and rural adult females of Bathinda. The study concluded that the subjects of both districts were found safe from non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk associated with heavy metals present in cooked beans and vegetables, except for urban subjects and rural adult subjects of Ludhiana district who had cancer risk due to cadmium present in cooked vegetable samples.
Extended trajectory of spatial memory errors in typical and atypical development: The role of binding and precision
Authors: Peng Maomiao , Lovos Annalysa , Bottrill Kenneth , Hughes Katharine , Sampsel Miranda , Lee Nancy Raitano , Abbeduto Leonard , Thurman Angela John , Edgin Jamie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpatial reconstruction, a method for evaluating how individuals remember the placement of objects, has traditionally been evaluated through the aggregate estimation of placement errors. However, this approach may obscure the nature of task errors. Specifically, recent data has suggested the importance of examining the precision of responses, as well as absolute performance on item‐context bindings. In contrast to traditional analysis approaches based on the distance between the target and the reconstructed item, in this study we further explored three types of errors (swap error, global error, and local distance) that may all contribute to the distance, with particular emphasis on swap errors and local distance due to their associations with item‐context bindings and memory precision, respectively. We examined these errors in children aged 3–18 years, making comparisons between children with typical development (TD) and children with Down syndrome (DS), a population with known memory challenges. As expected, older children outperformed younger children in terms of overall memory accuracy. Of importance is that we measured uneven maturational trajectories of memory abilities across the various error types. Specifically, both remembered locations (irrespective of object identity) and swap errors (object‐location binding errors) align with the overall memory accuracy. Memory precision, as measured by local distance in simpler set size 2 trials, mirrored overall memory accuracy. However, for more complex set size 3 trials, local distance remained stable before age 8 and showed age‐related change thereafter. The group with DS showed reduced precision compared to a TD matched group, and measures of precision, and to a lesser extent binding errors, correlated with standard neuropsychological outcomes. Overall, our study contributed to a fine‐grained understanding of developing spatial memory ability in a large sample of typical developing children and a memory impaired population. These findings contribute to a growing body of research examining precision as a key factor in memory performance.
Scoping review of practice‐focused resources to support the implementation of place‐based approaches
Authors: Klepac Bojana , Branch Sara , McVey Laura , Mowle Amy , Riley Therese , Craike Melinda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThere is increasing interest across public health research, policy, and practice in place‐based approaches to improve health outcomes. Practice‐focused resources, such as grey literature, courses and websites, are utilised by practitioners to support the implementation of place‐based approaches.MethodsA detailed search of two search engines: Google and DuckDuckGo to identify free practice‐focused resources was conducted.ResultsForty‐one resources met inclusion criteria, including 26 publications, 13 web‐based resources and two courses. They were mainly focused on collaboration, developed by not‐for‐profit organisations, focused on a broad target audience, and supported people living with disadvantage. The publications we reviewed generally: clearly stated important information, such as the author of the publication; used their own evaluations, professional experience and other grey literature as supporting evidence; included specific, practical implementation strategies; and were easy to read.ConclusionsBased on findings, we recommend that: (1) the development of resources to support evidence‐informed practice and governance be prioritised; (2) resources clearly state their target audience and tailor communication to this audience; (3) resources draw on evidence from a range of sources; (4) resources continue to include practical implementation strategies supported by examples and (5) resource content be adaptable to different contexts (e.g., different settings and/or target populations).So What?This is the first review of practice‐focused resources to support the implementation of place‐based approaches and the findings can be used to reduce duplication of efforts and inform future research, policy, and practice, particularly the refinement of existing resources and the development of future resources.
Improved understanding of vegetation dynamics and wetland ecohydrology via monthly UAV‐based classification
Authors: Wu Songjun , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Daempfling Hauke , Soulsby Chris 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVegetation classification is an essential prerequisite for understanding vegetation‐water relations at a range of spatial scales. However, in site‐specific applications, such classifications were mostly based on a single Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight, which can be challenging in grasslands and/or herbaceous‐dominated systems, as those communities are small in size and highly mixed. Here, we conducted monthly UAV flights for two years in a riparian wetland in Germany, with acquired imagery used for vegetation classification on a monthly basis under different strategies (with or without auxiliary information from other flights) to increase understanding in ecohydrology. The results show that multi‐flight‐based classification outperformed single‐flight‐based classification due to the higher classification accuracy. Moreover, improved sensitivity of temporal changes in community distribution highlights the benefits of multi‐flight‐based classification ‐ providing a more comprehensive picture of community evolution. From reference to the monthly community distribution, we argue that a combination of two or three flights in early‐ and late‐summer is enough to achieve comparable results to monthly flights, while mid‐summer would be a better timing in case only one flight is scheduled. With such detailed vegetation mapping, we further interpreted the complex spatio‐temporal heterogeneity in NDVI and explored the dominant areas and developmental progress of each community. Impacts from management (mowing events) were also evaluated based on the different responses between communities in two years. Finally, we explored how such vegetation mapping could help understand landscape ecohydrology, and found that the spatio‐temporal distribution of minimal soil moisture was related to NDVI peaks of local community, while grass distribution was explained by both topography and low moisture conditions. Such bi‐directional relationships proved that apart from contributing to an evidence base for wetland management, multi‐flight UAV vegetation mapping could also provide fundamental insights into the ecohydrology of wetlands.
Tuning ultrafast time‐evolution of photo‐induced charge‐transfer states: A real‐time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives
Authors: Crisci Luigi , Coppola Federico , Petrone Alessio , Rega Nadia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPhoto‐induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory (RT‐TD‐DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time‐evolution upon photo‐excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n‐type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron‐donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR‐)TD‐DFT and RT‐TD‐DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light‐harvesting applications.
Proposing and testing the pathways from bullying victimization to bringing a weapon to school
Authors: Hong Jun Sung , Zhuang Leyi , Thornberg Robert , Jungert Tomas , Grmusa Adrijana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined whether bullying victimization was associated with bringing a weapon to school, fully or partly mediated by feeling unsafe in school, negative future education orientation, and skipping school.MethodData from 6199 students (12–18 years old), who had filled out the 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, were analyzed.ResultsThe results showed a positive association between bullying victimization and bringing a weapon to school. The link was both direct and indirect through the mediating roles of feeling unsafe in school, having a negative future education orientation, and skipping school.ConclusionThus, victims of bullying tended to feel unsafe in school, have a negative future education orientation, and skip school—all of which were positively associated with bringing a weapon to school.
Application of pilot‐scale molecular distillation for enrichment of phytonutrients from a novel deodorizer distillate of the margarine and shortenings industry
Authors: Maziero Eluize Vayne , Moro Felipe , Ballus Cristiano Augusto , Tanabe Eduardo Hiromitsu , Bertuol Daniel Assumpção 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA wiped‐film molecular distillation (WFMD) pilot plant was used to evaluate process conditions for enriching phytonutrients (PN) from a novel vegetable oil deodorizer distillate (VODD) of the margarine and shortenings industry. This byproduct results from the incorporation of new blends of vegetable oils, such as soybean and palm oil, making it of interest due to its distinct chemical composition and matrix, which differ from those of deodorizer distillates studied previously. The significance of the present investigation is related to the properties of the oil blend, requiring the establishment of new process conditions for this specific VODD. Experimental design was used to evaluate the WFMD process variables, with the aim of removing free fatty acids and enabling eight PN to be concentrated in the reprocessing stages.ResultsThe product obtained after three WFMD stages presented a fivefold increase in the total PN concentration, compared to the raw material. Notably, the procedure provided enrichment ratios of 7.2‐fold for total tocopherols (including α‐, β‐, λ‐ and δ‐tocopherols), 4.5‐fold for total phytosterols (including campesterol, stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol) and 1.2‐fold for squalene, together with a deacidification efficiency of 78.93%.ConclusionThe proposed process provided significant concentration gains for all eight PN evaluated, resulting in a value‐added product. These excellent results were achieved using only three WFMD stages, without any need for additional processing steps. The data obtained at the pilot scale provide valuable insights for predicting the scalability of the process and facilitating potential industrial implementation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of ionizing radiation on the fetal bone development in pregnant rats: Role of melatonin
Authors: Tokpinar Adem , Nisari Mehtap , Yilmaz Seher , Yay Arzu , Yildiz Oğuz Galip , Balcioğlu Esra , Alişan Pınar , Bilgici Pınar , Uçar Sümeyye , Ateş Şükrü , Bağci Kezban 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRadiation has been widely used in many business sectors over the last century. Our study investigated the possible teratogenic effects of radiation on the bones of rat fetuses and the protective effect of melatonin against these effects. In this study, 15 pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. These rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), radiation group (0.5 gray), radiation (0.5 gray) + melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), and sham group (1 mm hanks/day). The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), histopathological methods. In our study, fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal morphometric values were found to be statistically significantly decreased in the radiation group compared to the control group (p < .05). In immünohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase) concentrations were found to be significantly lower in the radiation group compared to the other groups. In the SEM analysis, it was observed that the amount of calcium and sodium decreased when the radiation group was compared with the other groups. As a result, when exposed to ionizing radiation during pregnancy, melatonin has a protective feature against the negative effects of radiation on the bone development of fetuses.Research Highlights
In our study, fetuses obtained from pregnant rats exposed to ionizing radiation were examined.
In this study, the effect of melatonin on bone development in fetuses exposed to gray ionizing radiation was investigated.
There are few studies on our subject in the literature. We believe that our findings will contribute to other planned studies.
Matted Lymph Nodes on MRI in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Prognostic Factor and Potential Indication for Induction Chemotherapy Benefits
Authors: Dong Annan , Zhu Siyu , Ma Huali , Wei Xiaoyu , Huang Wenjie , Ruan Guangying , Liu Lizhi , Mo Yunxian , Ai Fei 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundLymph node characteristics markedly affect nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis. Matted node (MN), an important characteristic for lymph node, lacks explored MRI‐based prognostic implications.PurposeInvestigate MRI‐determined MNs' prognostic value in NPC, including 5‐year overall survival (OS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and its role in induction chemotherapy (IC).Study TypeRetrospective cohort survival study.PopulationSeven hundred ninety‐two patients with non‐metastatic NPC (female: 27.3%, >45‐year old: 50.1%) confirmed by biopsy.Field Strength/Sequence5‐T/3.0‐T, T1‐, T2‐ and post‐contrast T1‐weighted fast spin echo sequences acquired.AssessmentMNs were defined as ≥3 nodes abutting with intervening fat plane replaced by extracapsular nodal spread (ENS). Patients were observed every 3 months for 2 years and every 6 months for 5 years using MRI. Follow‐up extended from treatment initiation to death or final follow‐up. MNs were evaluated by three radiologists with inter‐reader reliability calculated. A 1:1 matched‐pair method compared survival differences between MN‐positive patients with or without IC. Primary endpoints (OS, DMFS, LRFS, PFS) were calculated from therapy initiation to respective event.Statistical TestsKappa values assessed inter‐reader reliability. Correlation between MN, ENS, and LNN was studied through Spearman's correlation coefficient. Clinical characteristics were calculated via Fisher's exact, Chi‐squared, and Student's t‐test. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests analyzed all time‐to‐event data. Confounding factors were included in Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to identify independent prognostic factors. P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMNs incidence was 24.6%. MNs independently associated with decreased 5‐year OS, DMFS, and PFS; not LRFS (P = 0.252). MN‐positive patients gained significant survival benefit from IC in 5‐year OS (88.4% vs. 66.0%) and PFS (76.4% vs. 53.5%), but not DMFS (83.1% vs. 69.9%, P = 0.145) or LRFS (89.9% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.140).Data ConclusionMNs may independently stratify NPC risk and offer survival benefit from IC.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2