bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KH‐17, a simplified derivative of bongkrekic acid, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Authors: Takegawa Kazuto , Ito Takeshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Yamazaki Naoshi , Shindo Mitsuru , Shinohara Yasuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo natural products, bongkrekic acid and carboxyatractyloside, are known to specifically inhibit the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from its matrix side and cytosolic side, respectively, in concentration ranges of 10−6 M. In the present study, we investigated the manner of action of a synthetic bongkrekic acid derivative, KH‐17, lacking three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds, on the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. At slightly acidic pH, KH‐17 inhibited mitochondrial [3H]ADP uptake, but its inhibitory action was about 10 times weaker than that of its parental compound, bongkrekic acid. The main site of action of KH‐17 was confirmed as the matrix side of the ADP/ATP carrier by experiments using submitochondrial particles, which have an inside‐out orientation of the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, when we added KH‐17 to mitochondria at neutral pH, it had a weak inhibitory effect on [3H]ADP uptake, and its inhibitory strength was similar to that of bongkrekic acid. These results indicated that KH‐17 weakly inhibits the ADP/ATP carrier not only from the matrix side but also from the cytosolic side. To ascertain whether this interpretation was correct, we examined the effects of KH‐17 and carboxyatractyloside on mitochondrial [3H]ADP uptake at two [3H]ADP concentrations. We found that both KH‐17 and carboxyatractyloside showed a stronger inhibitory effect at the lower [3H]ADP concentration. Therefore, we concluded that the bongkrekic acid derivative, KH‐17, weakly inhibits the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier from both sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These results suggested that the elimination of three methyl groups, one methoxy group, and five internal double bonds present in bongkrekic acid altered its manner of action towards the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Our data will help to improve our understanding of the interaction between bongkrekic acid and the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier.
Two new dilactonized glycerol glycosides of the dual anticholinesterase active extract from Ocotea daphnifolia using bioguided fractionation and molecular docking studies
Authors: Luz Rebecca Lustosa Silva de Almeida , Almeida Raquel B. M. , Albuquerque Mara Márcia Sampaio , Cerqueira Amanda Ponce Morais , Tavares Josean Fechine , Silva Marcelo Sobral da , Filho Raimundo Braz , dos Santos Junior Manoelito C. , Branco Alexsandro , Botura Mariana B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is considered as an important strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we applied the bioguided fractionations of Ocotea daphinifolia ethyl acetate active extract to furnish a fraction with high inhibitory activity for AChE and BuChE (82% and 92%, respectively). High‐performance liquid chromatography semipreparative purification of this fraction provided two new natural products: 1‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐glycerol‐2,3‐heptanedionate, (1) whose complete chemical structural elucidation was made with spectrometric analysis (MS, 1D, and 2D NMR) and its minor derivative 1‐β‐D‐gulopyranosyl‐glycerol‐2,3‐heptanedionate; (2) which could be characterized by 2D 1H‐13C heteronuclear single‐quantum correlation spectra analysis. Investigation of the intermolecular interactions with cholinesterases was carried out by molecular docking studies, and results suggested that both compounds are capable to interact with the catalytic site of both enzymes. Compounds 1 and 2 interact with residues of catalytic domains and the peripheral anionic binding site of AChE and BuChE. The results are comparable to those achieved with rivastigmine and galantamine. Thus, this study provides evidence for consideration of the glycosylglycerol from O. daphnifolia as new valuable dual cholinesterases inhibitor.
Contributors to well‐being of Chinese left‐behind families: A dyadic perspective from family resilience and grandparent–grandchild relationship
Authors: Hu Qiong , Zhou Yanlin , Dong Peiqi , Xu Cihua , Zhang Qiong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is evidence that grandchildren and grandparents in Chinese left‐behind families (CLBF) suffer from immense life stressors. The well‐being of both generations is of great concern. Guided by the family adjustment and adaptation response model and ecological model of well‐being, the present study aimed to investigate the dyadic associations between family resilience and subjective well‐being (SWB) of left‐behind grandchildren and grandparents. Furthermore, we explored the extent to which relationship quality accounts for such reciprocal associations. A sample of 130 left‐behind grandparent–grandchild (GP–GC) pairs completed self‐reported questionnaires. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that both grandchildren's and grandparents' reported family resilience positively associated with their own SWB but not the other's SWB. Grandchildren's and grandparents' perceived relationship quality mediated the association between their perceived family resilience and their own SWB. Moreover, grandchildren‐perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandchildren‐perceived family resilience and grandparents' SWB. Meanwhile, grandparent‐perceived relationship quality mediated the association between grandparent‐perceived family resilience and grandchildren's SWB. The findings highlighted the significance of family resilience and relationship quality in boosting the two generations' SWB in CLBF. The results also suggested that left‐behind grandchildren and their grandparents depend on each other. Future intervention programs could be benefitted from integrating the enhancement of family resilience and improvement of grandparent–grandchild relationship quality to promote the well‐being of left‐behind family members.
Protective ileostomy creation after anterior resection of the rectum: Shared decision‐making or still subjective?
Authors: Balla Andrea , Saraceno Federica , Rullo Marika , Morales‐Conde Salvador , Targarona Soler Eduardo M. , Di Saverio Salomone , Guerrieri Mario , Lepiane Pasquale , Di Lorenzo Nicola , Adamina Michel , Alarcón Isaias , Arezzo Alberto , Bollo Rodriguez Jesus , Boni Luigi , Biondo Sebastiano , Carrano Francesco Maria , Chand Manish , Jenkins John T. , Davies Justin , Delgado Rivilla Salvadora , Delrio Paolo , Elmore Ugo , Espin‐Basany Eloy , Fichera Alessandro , Flor Lorente Blas , Francis Nader , Gómez Ruiz Marcos , Hahnloser Dieter , Licardie Eugenio , Martinez Carmen , Ortenzi Monica , Panis Yves , Pastor Idoate Carlos , Paganini Alessandro M. , Pera Miguel , Perinotti Roberto , Popowich Daniel A. , Rockall Timothy , Rosati Riccardo , Sartori Alberto , Scoglio Daniele , Shalaby Mostafa , Simó Fernández Vicente , Smart Neil J. , Spinelli Antonino , Sylla Patricia , Tanis Pieter J. , Valdes‐Hernandez Javier , Wexner Steven D. , Sileri Pierpaolo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe choice of whether to perform protective ileostomy (PI) after anterior resection (AR) is mainly guided by risk factors (RFs) responsible for the development of anastomotic leakage (AL). However, clear guidelines about PI creation are still lacking in the literature and this is often decided according to the surgeon's preferences, experiences or feelings. This qualitative study aims to investigate, by an open‐ended question survey, the individual surgeon's decision‐making process regarding PI creation after elective AR.MethodFifty four colorectal surgeons took part in an electronic survey to answer the questions and describe what usually led their decision to perform PI. A content analysis was used to code the answers. To classify answers, five dichotomous categories (In favour/Against PI, Listed/Unlisted RFs, Typical/Atypical, Emotions/Non‐emotions, Personal experience/No personal experience) have been developed.ResultsOverall, 76% of surgeons were in favour of PI creation and 88% considered listed RFs in the question of whether to perform PI. Atypical answers were reported in 10% of cases. Emotions and personal experience influenced surgeons' decision‐making process in 22% and 49% of cases, respectively. The most frequently considered RFs were the distance of the anastomosis from the anal verge (96%), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (88%), a positive intraoperative leak test (65%), blood loss (37%) and immunosuppression therapy (35%).ConclusionThe indications to perform PI following rectal cancer surgery lack standardization and evidence‐based guidelines are required to inform practice. Until then, expert opinion can be helpful to assist the decision‐making process in patients who have undergone AR for adenocarcinoma.
Polyp characterization using deep learning and a publicly accessible polyp video database
Authors: Kader Rawen , Cid‐Mejias Anton , Brandao Patrick , Islam Shahraz , Hebbar Sanjith , Puyal Juana González‐Bueno , Ahmad Omer F. , Hussein Mohamed , Toth Daniel , Mountney Peter , Seward Ed , Vega Roser , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesConvolutional neural networks (CNN) for computer‐aided diagnosis of polyps are often trained using high‐quality still images in a single chromoendoscopy imaging modality with sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) often excluded. This study developed a CNN from videos to classify polyps as adenomatous or nonadenomatous using standard narrow‐band imaging (NBI) and NBI‐near focus (NBI‐NF) and created a publicly accessible polyp video database.MethodsWe trained a CNN with 16,832 high and moderate quality frames from 229 polyp videos (56 SSLs). It was evaluated with 222 polyp videos (36 SSLs) across two test‐sets. Test‐set I consists of 14,320 frames (157 polyps, 111 diminutive). Test‐set II, which is publicly accessible, 3317 video frames (65 polyps, 41 diminutive), which was benchmarked with three expert and three nonexpert endoscopists.ResultsSensitivity for adenoma characterization was 91.6% in test‐set I and 89.7% in test‐set II. Specificity was 91.9% and 88.5%. Sensitivity for diminutive polyps was 89.9% and 87.5%; specificity 90.5% and 88.2%. In NBI‐NF, sensitivity was 89.4% and 89.5%, with a specificity of 94.7% and 83.3%. In NBI, sensitivity was 85.3% and 91.7%, with a specificity of 87.5% and 90.0%, respectively. The CNN achieved preservation and incorporation of valuable endoscopic innovations (PIVI)‐1 and PIVI‐2 thresholds for each test‐set. In the benchmarking of test‐set II, the CNN was significantly more accurate than nonexperts (13.8% difference [95% confidence interval 3.2–23.6], P = 0.01) with no significant difference with experts.ConclusionsA single CNN can differentiate adenomas from SSLs and hyperplastic polyps in both NBI and NBI‐NF. A publicly accessible NBI polyp video database was created and benchmarked.
Phase I studies of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dual glucagon receptor/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonistBI456906
Authors: Jungnik Arvid , Arrubla Martinez Jorge , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Kapitza Christoph , Lamers Daniela , Thamer Claus , Schölch Corinna , Desch Michael , Hennige Anita M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo report two phase I studies of the novel subcutaneous glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor/glucagon receptor (GLP‐1R/GCGR) dual agonist BI 456906 versus placebo in healthy volunteers and people with overweight/obesity.Materials and MethodsA phase Ia study (NCT03175211) investigated single rising doses (SRDs) of BI 456906 in 24 males with a body mass index (BMI) of 20–<30 kg/m2. A phase Ib study (NCT03591718) investigated multiple rising doses (MRDs) of BI 456906 (escalated over 6 [Part A] or 16 [Part B] weeks) in 125 adults with a BMI of 27–40 kg/m2.ResultsIn the SRD study (N = 24), mean body weight decreased with increasing BI 456906 dose. In the MRD study, the maximum decreases in placebo‐corrected mean body weight were at week 6 (–5.79%, dosage schedule [DS] 1; Part A) and week 16 (–13.8%, DS7; Part B). BI 456906 reduced plasma amino acids and glucagon, indicating target engagement at GCGRs and GLP‐1Rs. Drug‐related adverse events (AEs) increased with BI 456906 dose. The most frequent drug‐related AE with SRDs was decreased appetite (n = 9, 50.0%), and two subjects (8.3%) did not complete the trial because of AEs (nausea and vomiting). During MRD Part A (N = 80), 10 subjects (12.5%) discontinued BI 456906, most commonly because of a cardiac or vascular AE (n = 6, 7.5%); during Part B (N = 45), eight subjects (17.8%) discontinued BI 456906, mainly because of AEs (n = 6, 13.3%), most commonly gastrointestinal disorders.ConclusionsBI 456906 produced a placebo‐corrected body weight loss of 13.8% (week 16), highlighting its potential to promote clinically meaningful body weight loss in people with overweight/obesity.
A new attempt of applying hybrid team‐based and case‐based learning approach in dental materials science: Does it work?
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Tan Wen Wu , Foong Chan Choong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionLimited studies have been conducted on the use of a hybrid team‐based learning (TBL) and case‐based learning (CBL) approach in dental education. The present study aims to evaluate students' experience of the hybrid TBL–CBL in learning dental materials science subjects.MethodsAll second‐year undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students were invited to participate in a TBL–CBL session. These participants were randomly allocated to six different groups of 10–12 students, and the session was conducted by one lecturer as the facilitator. A 23‐item questionnaire assessing four domains (perceptions of effectiveness, teacher, team interaction and learning environment) was administered at the end of the TBL–CBL session.ResultsThe response rate was 91.9% (n = 68). Mean scores for the questionnaire items ranged from 4.13 to 4.60 suggesting a positive perception among the students towards the hybrid TBL–CBL approach. Regarding the open‐response questions, students emphasised that the TBL–CBL session was effective for team interaction and group discussions. However, students wished to have a better venue for future sessions.ConclusionPositive perceptions of the students encourage future educators to consider the use of TBL–CBL approach in teaching dental materials science and to avoid the reliance on standalone conventional lectures. Future research could consider examining its effects on students' academic achievement as well as the perspectives of teachers regarding its adoption in different dental specialities.
Bank ownership concentration and stock price informativeness: International evidence
Authors: Doan Anh‐Tuan , Lin Kun‐Li , Shen Chung‐Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between ownership concentration and stock price informativeness around the world. Using a sample of banks from 59 countries between 2002 and 2019, we find robust evidence from a linear model supporting the entrenchment effect. However, the nonlinear model shows that the effect of control rights on the informativeness of stock prices forms a U‐shaped curve. We also document that banks with controlling shareholders have more volatility in the information content of bank stock prices in a poor regulatory environment or developing countries.
Heuristics‐based sequence labelling model for finding educational domain acronym expansions
Authors: Menaha Ramakrishnan , Jayanthi Veiravan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn acronym is a short form of the text used in many applications like Web search, Research and scientific documents, information retrieval, biomedical documents, etc. The main objective of the work is to develop a heuristics‐based sequence labelling model to identify acronym expansion pairs in educational documents. The proposed system is implemented in four phases: (i) Data Collection (ii) Acronym Sequence Identification (iii) Expansion Determination and (iv) Acronym Expansion Validation. In this work, the acronym sequences identification is done by heuristic rules. Determining expansions is accomplished by a heuristics‐based sequence labelling model. Again, the validation of acronym expansion sequences is also done by using heuristics rules. The result section shows that our proposed heuristics‐based sequence labelling model achieved 98.4% accuracy in finding acronym expansion pairs from education research documents. The results are also compared with the acronym finder online acronym expansion repository and proved that more new acronym expansion sequences are identified by using our model.
Harvest control rules used in US federal fisheries management and implications for climate resilience
Authors: Free Christopher M. , Mangin Tracey , Wiedenmann John , Smith Conner , McVeigh Halley , Gaines Steven D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is altering the productivity of marine fisheries and challenging the effectiveness of historical fisheries management. Harvest control rules, which describe the process for determining catch limits in fisheries, represent one pathway for promoting climate resilience. In the USA, flexibility in how regional management councils specify harvest control rules has spawned diverse approaches for reducing catch limits to precautionarily buffer against scientific and management uncertainty, some of which may be more or less resilient to climate change. Here, we synthesize the control rules used to manage all 507 US federally managed fish stocks and stock complexes. We classified these rules into seven typologies: (1) catch‐based; (2) constant catch; (3) constant escapement; (4) constant F; (5) stepped F; (6) ramped F and (7) both stepped and ramped F. We also recorded whether the control rules included a biomass limit (‘cut‐off’) value or were environmentally linked as well as the type and size of the buffers used to protect against scientific and/or management uncertainty. Finally, we review the advantages and disadvantages of each typology for managing fisheries under climate change and provide seven recommendations for updating harvest control rules to improve the resilience of US federally managed fisheries to climate change.
Characterization of temperature dependence of fracture behavior of monolithic and laminated ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Wan Yu , Wang Ruzhuan , Jia Bi , Zhou Shan , Liu Yumeng , Cai Hongwei , Gu Mingyu , Li Dingyu , Li Weiguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fracture behavior of ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites at high temperature has received increasing attention. However, few studies consider the effect of particle/crack interaction on the high temperature fracture strength of materials. In this work, the effect of particle/crack interaction is introduced into temperature‐dependent fracture strength model of monolithic ultra‐high temperature ceramic matrix composites, which also considers effects of flaw size, grain size, and residual thermal stress. Furthermore, by considering the influence of laminated structure, a theoretical model of the temperature‐dependent fracture strength of laminated ceramic matrix composites is developed. The effect of particle/crack interaction is also included in this model. It should be noted that the predictions of models agree well with the experimental data of both monolithic and laminated materials without using any fitting parameters. The effect of particle/crack interaction is found to have a significant weakening effect on the strength of materials at different temperatures.
Dynamic response and damage evolution of red sandstone with confining pressure under cyclic impact loading
Authors: Wang Xuesong , Guo Lian Jun , Xu Zhenyang , Liu Xin , Xu Jinglong , Pan Bo , Deng Ding 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbundant mesoscale damage occurs prior to rock destruction, and the change in porosity can reflect the dynamic mechanical characteristics of the rock. In this study, red sandstone specimens were dynamically loaded by a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) with confining pressure. The change in porosity was reflected by the new index of porosity variation rate (Rv), and the relationships between the cyclic impact and the dynamic characteristics and porosity variation were analyzed. The average filtering algorithm was emphasized to remove the noise of grayscale NMR images. It was concluded that the number of impacts before crushing gradually decreases with increasing air pressure for the overall trend, there is no obvious rebound, and the energy dissipation increases before the crushing of the specimens. There is an abrupt difference in the dynamic characteristics between the third impact and the fourth impact. The pore space changes from medium and large pores to micropores with impact loading. The peak of the microporous porosity difference curve shifts to smaller micropores. The new index can describe pore closure and expansion. The image processing method used in this work obtained accurate statistical information that confirms the presence of a large number of microcracks before crushing.
Effects of experimental nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon storage in Southern California drylands
Authors: Püspök Johann F. , Zhao Sharon , Calma Anthony D. , Vourlitis George L. , Allison Steven D. , Aronson Emma L. , Schimel Joshua P. , Hanan Erin J. , Homyak Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is enriching soils with N across biomes. Soil N enrichment can increase plant productivity and affect microbial activity, thereby increasing soil organic carbon (SOC), but such responses vary across biomes. Drylands cover ~45% of Earth's land area and store ~33% of global SOC contained in the top 1 m of soil. Nitrogen fertilization could, therefore, disproportionately impact carbon (C) cycling, yet whether dryland SOC storage increases with N remains unclear. To understand how N enrichment may change SOC storage, we separated SOC into plant‐derived, particulate organic C (POC), and largely microbially derived, mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) at four N deposition experimental sites in Southern California. Theory suggests that N enrichment increases the efficiency by which microbes build MAOC (C stabilization efficiency) if soil pH stays constant. But if soils acidify, a common response to N enrichment, then microbial biomass and enzymatic organic matter decay may decrease, increasing POC but not MAOC. We found that N enrichment had no effect on C fractions except for a decrease in MAOC at one site. Specifically, despite reported increases in plant biomass in three sites and decreases in microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities in two sites that acidified, POC did not increase. Furthermore, microbial C use and stabilization efficiency increased in a non‐acidified site, but without increasing MAOC. Instead, MAOC decreased by 16% at one of the sites that acidified, likely because it lost 47% of the exchangeable calcium (Ca) relative to controls. Indeed, MAOC was strongly and positively affected by Ca, which directly and, through its positive effect on microbial biomass, explained 58% of variation in MAOC. Long‐term effects of N fertilization on dryland SOC storage appear abiotic in nature, such that drylands where Ca‐stabilization of SOC is prevalent and soils acidify, are most at risk for significant C loss.