bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forced Convection during Cooling of Power Supply Box using Pulsation Flow with Piezoelectric Fan
Authors: Abdelouahab Bouttout 
Published: April 2023

AbstractForced convection flow of air through power supply box with piezoelectric fan of nine identical electrical devices has been numerically investigated. This work simulates a practical situation in which periodic temperature is generated in an electrical device as a result of its periodic input voltage. The finite volume method has been adopted to solve the governing equations. The effects of important parameters such as pulsation flow frequencies and temperature modulation frequency on heat transfer rates were investigated in details for Re = 500 corresponding to velocity of 0.39 m/s. The piezoelectric vibration amplitude is fixed at 0.2 and frequencies are varied in the range of [0–3] corresponding to [0–287] Hz. We have found that the time averaged Nusselt number for each electrical device depends on the pulsation frequency and heat modulation, and it is always larger than that in the steady‐state case. The results show that there exists a short band of frequencies which the enhancement of heat transfer of all electrical devices is higher than 55% compared with that of steady state. In addition, the heat transfer is maximum when heated pulsation frequency in the device is set as St = 3.0 corresponding to frequency of 58.5 Hz of input voltage. The combined pulsation flow by piezoelectric fan and heated pulsation by input voltage show vigorous heat transfer through electrical devices blocks and the heat transfer enhancement was observed in relatively narrow bands of frequencies. The efficiency of piezoelectric fan is expressed by the maximum temperature of the ninth electrical device which not exceed 80°C for time‐averaged velocity of 0.556 m/s and vibration frequency of 34.75 Hz of piezoelectric fan. The pressure drop and power pumping of piezoelectric fan are obtained for different Reynolds numbers. We found that the power loss was 4.6 times higher than for the piezoelectric fan at Re = 500. Good agreement between our numerical simulations of piezoelectric fan and experimental results available from the literature is obtained. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Classical double copy of spinning worldline quantum field theory
Authors: Comberiati Francesco , Shi Canxin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the classical double copy of massive spinning objects in the worldline quantum field theories (WQFT) formalism. We couple the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric model to a Yang-Mills background to describe the propagation of a spin-half particle interacting with gluons. At the classical level, this model captures physical effects up to linear order in spin. We propose a double copy relation to map the spin tensors to the gravitation side. Enforcing R-symmetry and supersymmetry (SUSY) on the double copy integrands, we find that the gravitational theory is the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 particle coupled to dilaton-gravity (DG). We check the double copy prescription for the eikonal phase up to next-to-leading order and for radiation at leading order in coupling constants, finding that the Grassmann nature of the spin tensor in WQFT plays a crucial role in finding full agreement with direct calculation in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 model. We show how to deform the SUSY charges of the free theory to include DG. Since the constraints algebra is first class, the worldline model can be quantized, describing the propagation of a massive vector field coupled to DG, in agreement with the literature. In addition, we investigate the double copy without preserving SUSY and R-symmetry, finding that the B-field also couples to the worldline.
Narain CFTs and quantum codes at higher genus
Authors: Henriksson Johan , Kakkar Ashish , McPeak Brian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Code CFTs are 2d conformal field theories defined by error-correcting codes. Recently, Dymarsky and Shapere generalized the construction of code CFTs to include quantum error-correcting codes. In this paper, we explore this connection at higher genus. We prove that the higher-genus partition functions take the form of polynomials of higher-weight theta functions, and that the higher-genus modular group acts as simple linear transformations on these polynomials. We explain how to solve the modular constraints explicitly, which we do for genus 2. The result is that modular invariance at genus 1 and genus 2 is much more constraining than genus 1 alone. This allows us to drastically reduce the space of possible code CFTs. We also consider a number of examples of “isospectral theories” — CFTs with the same genus 1 partition function — and we find that they have different genus 2 partition functions. Finally, we make connection to some 2d CFTs known from the modular bootstrap. The n = 4 theory conjectured to have the largest possible gap in Virasoro characters, the SO(8) WZW model, is a code CFT, allowing us to give an expression for its genus 2 partition function. We also find some other known CFTs which are not code theories but whose partition functions satisfy the same simple polynomial ansatz as the code theories. This leads us to speculate about the usefulness of the code polynomial form beyond the study of code CFTs.
Two-loop helicity amplitudes for H+jet production to higher orders in the dimensional regulator
Authors: Gehrmann Thomas , Jakubčík Petr , Mella Cesare Carlo , Syrrakos Nikolaos , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In view of the forthcoming High-Luminosity phase of the LHC, next-to-next-to-next-to-leading (N3LO) calculations for the most phenomenologically relevant processes become necessary. In this work, we take the first step towards this goal for H+jet production by computing the one- and two-loop helicity amplitudes for the two contributing processes, H → ggg, $$ H\to q\overline{q}g $$
H
→
q

q
¯

g
, in an effective theory with infinite top quark mass, to higher orders in the dimensional regulator. We decompose the amplitude in scalar form factors related to the helicity amplitudes and in a new basis of tensorial structures. The form factors receive contributions from Feynman integrals which were reduced to a novel canonical basis of master integrals. We derive and solve a set of differential equations for these integrals in terms of Multiple Polylogarithms (MPLs) of two variables up to transcendental weight six.
Proteome alterations in human autopsy tissues in relation to time after death
Authors: Kocsmár Éva , Schmid Marlene , Cosenza-Contreras Miguel , Kocsmár Ildikó , Föll Melanie , Krey Leah , Barta Bálint András , Rácz Gergely , Kiss András , Werner Martin , Schilling Oliver , Lotz Gábor , Bronsert Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtein expression is a primary area of interest for routine histological diagnostics and tissue-based research projects, but the limitations of its post-mortem applicability remain largely unclear. On the other hand, tissue specimens obtained during autopsies can provide unique insight into advanced disease states, especially in cancer research. Therefore, we aimed to identify the maximum post-mortem interval (PMI) which is still suitable for characterizing protein expression patterns, to explore organ-specific differences in protein degradation, and to investigate whether certain proteins follow specific degradation kinetics. Therefore, the proteome of human tissue samples obtained during routine autopsies of deceased patients with accurate PMI (6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96 h) and without specific diseases that significantly affect tissue preservation, from lungs, kidneys and livers, was analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). For the kidney and liver, significant protein degradation became apparent at 48 h. For the lung, the proteome composition was rather static for up to 48 h and substantial protein degradation was detected only at 72 h suggesting that degradation kinetics appear to be organ specific. More detailed analyses suggested that proteins with similar post-mortem kinetics are not primarily shared in their biological functions. The overrepresentation of protein families with analogous structural motifs in the kidney indicates that structural features may be a common factor in determining similar postmortem stability. Our study demonstrates that a longer post-mortem period may have a significant impact on proteome composition, but sampling within 24 h may be appropriate, as degradation is within acceptable limits even in organs with faster autolysis.
Total knee arthroplasty without patella resurfacing leads to worse results in patients with patellafemoral osteoarthritis Iwano Stages 3–4: a study based on arthroplasty registry data
Authors: Nardelli Paul , Neururer Sabrina , Gruber Kerstin , Wippel David , Kogler Nadine , Ender Sebastian , Leitner Hermann , Koller Benedikt , Fischer Martin , Dammerer Dietmar , Liebensteiner Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether the preoperative degree of degeneration of the patellofemoral joint really affects the outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery without patella resurfacing and thus to establish a parameter that might serve as a guiding factor to decide whether or not to perform retropatellar resurfacing. It was hypothesized that patients with preoperative mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 0–2) would significantly differ from patients with preoperative severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 3–4) in terms of patient-reported outcome (Hypothesis 1) and revision rates/survival (Hypothesis 2) after TKA without patella resurfacing.

Methods
Application of a retrospective–comparative design on the basis of Arthroplasty Registry data that included patients with primary TKA without patella resurfacing. Patients were allocated to the following groups based on preoperative radiographic stage of patellofemoral joint degeneration: (a) mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stage ≤ 2) and (b) severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis (Iwano Stages 3–4). The Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was assessed preoperative and 1 year postoperative (0: best, 100 worst). In addition, implant survival was calculated from the Arthroplasty Registry data.

Results
In 1209 primary TKA without patella resurfacing, postoperative WOMAC total and WOMAC subscores did not differ significantly between groups, but potentially suffered from type 2 error. Three-year survival was 97.4% and 92.5% in patients with preoperative mild and severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis, respectively (p = 0.002). Five-year survival was 95.8% vs. 91.4% (p = 0.033) and 10-year survival was 93.3% vs. 88.6% (p = 0.033), respectively.

Conclusions
From the study findings, it is concluded that patients with preoperative severe patellofemoral osteoarthritis have significantly higher risks for reoperation than do those with preoperative mild patellofemoral osteoarthritis—when treated with TKA without patella resurfacing. Hence, it is recommended that patella resurfacing be applied in patients with severe Iwano Stage 3 or 4 patellofemoral osteoarthritis during TKA.

Level of evidence
III, Retrospective comparative.
Rib Fixation for Multiple Rib Fractures: Healthcare Professionals Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Clinical Implementation
Authors: Spronk Inge , Van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Prins Jonne T. H. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E. , Polinder Suzanne ,   the FixCon Study Group, Blokhuis Taco J. , De Loos Erik R. , Flikweert Elvira R. , ter Gunne Albert F. Pull , Ringburg Akkie N. , Spanjersberg W. Richard , Van der Bij Gerben , Van Eijck Floortje C. , Van Huijstee Pieter J. , Van Montfort Gust , Vermeulen Jefrey , Vos Dagmar I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) is associated with improved respiratory symptoms and shorter intensive care admission in patients with flail chest. For multiple rib fractures, the benefit of SSRF remains a topic of debate. This study investigated barriers and facilitators of healthcare professionals to SSRF as treatment for multiple traumatic rib fractures.MethodsDutch healthcare professionals were asked to complete an adapted version of the Measurement Instrument for Determinants of Innovations questionnaire to identify barriers and facilitators of SSRF. If ≥ 20% of participants responded negatively, the item was considered a barrier, and if ≥ 80% responded positively, the item was considered a facilitator.ResultsSixty‐one healthcare professionals participated; 32 surgeons, 19 non‐surgical physicians, and 10 residents. The median experience was 10 years (P25–P75 4–12). Sixteen barriers and two facilitators for SSRF in multiple rib fractures were identified. Barriers included lack of knowledge, experience, evidence on (cost‐)effectiveness, and the implication of more operations and higher medical costs. Facilitators were the assumption that SSRF alleviates respiratory problems and the feeling that surgeons are supported by colleagues for SSRF. Non‐surgeons and residents reported more and several different barriers than surgeons (surgeons: 14; non‐surgical physicians: 20; residents: 21; p < 0.001).ConclusionFor adequate implementation of SSRF in patients with multiple rib fractures, implementation strategies should address the identified barriers. Especially, improved clinical experience and scientific knowledge of healthcare professionals, and high‐level evidence on the (cost‐) effectiveness of SSRF potentially increase its use and acceptance.
Quantitative background parenchymal enhancement and fibro-glandular density at breast MRI: Association with BRCA status
Authors: Goodburn Rosie , Kousi Evanthia , Sanders Clarrissa , Macdonald Alison , Scurr Erica , Bunce Catey , Khabra Komel , Reddy Mamatha , Wilkinson Louise , O’Flynn Elizabeth , Allen Steven , Schmidt Maria Angélica 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether MRI-based measurements of fibro-glandular tissue volume, breast density (MRBD), and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) could be used to stratify two cohorts of healthy women: BRCA carriers and women at population risk of breast cancer.

Methods
Pre-menopausal women aged 40–50 years old were scanned at 3 T, employing a standard breast protocol including a DCE-MRI (35 and 30 participants in high- and low-risk groups, respectively). The dynamic range of the DCE protocol was characterised and both breasts were masked and segmented with minimal user input to produce measurements of fibro-glandular tissue volume, MRBD, and voxelwise BPE. Statistical tests were performed to determine inter- and intra-user repeatability, evaluate the symmetry between metrics derived from left and right breasts, and investigate MRBD and BPE differences between the high- and low-risk cohorts.

Results
Intra- and inter-user reproducibility in estimates of fibro-glandular tissue volume, MRBD, and median BPE estimations were good, with coefficients of variation < 15%. Coefficients of variation between left and right breasts were also low (< 25%). There were no significant correlations between fibro-glandular tissue volume, MRBD, and BPE for either risk group. However, the high-risk group had higher BPE kurtosis, although linear regression analysis did not reveal significant associations between BPE kurtosis and breast cancer risk.

Conclusions
This study found no significant differences or correlations in fibro-glandular tissue volume, MRBD, or BPE metrics between the two groups of women with different levels of breast cancer risk. However, the results support further investigation into the heterogeneity of parenchymal enhancement.

Key Points
• A semi-automated method enabled quantitative measurements of fibro-glandular tissue volume, breast density, and background parenchymal enhancement with minimal user intervention.
• Background parenchymal enhancement was quantified over the entire parenchyma, segmented in pre-contrast images, thus avoiding region selection.
• No significant differences and correlations in fibro-glandular tissue volume, breast density, and breast background parenchymal enhancement were found between two cohorts of women at high and low levels of breast cancer risk.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local staging before salvage radical prostatectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zapała Piotr , Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Rajwa Paweł , Gandaglia Giorgio , Zapała Łukasz , Zattoni Fabio , Lorenc Tomasz , Ploussard Guillaume , Radziszewski Piotr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a local and nodal staging tool in radio-recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) is still unclear. The present study aims at evaluating the predictive value of MRI in the detection of extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesical invasion (SVI) and nodal involvement (LNI) in patients after primary radio (EBRT) and/or brachytherapy (BT) before salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP).

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systemically reviewed to extract the data on diagnostic performance of MRI in radio-recurrent PCa.

Results
Four studies comprising 94 radio-recurrent PCa patients were included. The pooled prevalence of ECE, SVI, and LNI was 61%, 41%, and 20%, respectively. The pooled sensitivity for ECE, SVI and LNI detection was 53% (CI 95% 19.8–83.6%), 53% (CI 95% 37.2–68%) and 33% (CI 95% 4.7–83.1%) respectively, whereas specificity was 75% (CI 95% 40.6–92.6%), 88% (CI 95% 71.7–95.9%) and 92% (CI 95% 79.6–96.8%). The sensitivity analysis revealed that a single outlying study using only T2-weighted imaging instead of multiparametric MRI reported significantly higher sensitivity with significantly lower specificity.

Conclusions
This is the first meta-analysis reporting reliability of staging MRI in a radio-recurrent setting. MRI provides poor sensitivity while maintaining high specificity for local and nodal staging before SRP. However, current evidence is limited to the low number of heterogenous studies at meaningful risk of bias.
A novel beneficial role of humanin on intestinal apoptosis and dysmotility in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Abozaid Eman R. , Abdel-Kareem Reham H. , Habib Marwa A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA prevalent clinical problem including sepsis, shock, necrotizing enterocolitis, and mesenteric thrombosis is intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Humanin (HN), a recently identified mitochondrial polypeptide, exhibits antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties. This work aimed to study the role of HN in a model of experimental intestinal I/R injury and its effect on associated dysmotility. A total of 36 male adult albino rats were allocated into 3 equal groups. Sham group: merely a laparotomy was done. I/R group: for 1 h, clamping of the superior mesenteric artery was done, and then reperfusion was allowed for 2 h later. HN-I/R group: rats underwent ischemia and reperfusion, and 30 min before the reperfusion, they received an intraperitoneal injection of 252 μg/kg of HN. Small intestinal motility was evaluated, and jejunal samples were got for biochemical and histological analysis. I/R group showed elevation of intestinal NO, MDA, TNF- α, and IL-6 and decline of GPx and SOD levels. Furthermore, histologically, there were destructed jejunal villi especially their tips and increased tissue expression of caspase-3 and i-NOS, in addition to reduced small intestinal motility. Compared to I/R group, HN-I/R group exhibited decrease intestinal levels of NO, MDA, TNF- α, and IL-6 and increase GPx and SOD. Moreover, there was noticeable improvement of the histopathologic features and decreased caspase-3 and iNOS immunoreactivity, beside enhanced small intestinal motility. HN alleviates inflammation, apoptosis, and intestinal dysmotility encouraged by I/R. Additionally, I/R-induced apoptosis and motility alterations depend partly on the production of nitric oxide.
Paneth cell proteins DEFA6 and GUCA2A as tissue markers in necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Hoffsten Alice , Lilja Helene Engstrand , Mobini-Far Hamid , Sindelar Richard , Markasz Laszlo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that Paneth cells are involved in NEC development. Defensin alpha 6 (DEFA6) and guanylate cyclase activator 2A (GUCA2A) are selective protein markers of Paneth cells. The objective was to explore DEFA6 and GUCA2A expression in intestinal tissue samples from newborn infants with and without NEC. Tissue samples from histologically intact intestine were analyzed from 70 infants: 43 underwent bowel resection due to NEC and 27 controls were operated due to conditions such as intestinal atresia, dysmotility, aganglionosis, pseudo-obstruction or volvulus. Each tissue sample was immunohistochemically stained for DEFA6 and GUCA2A. Semi-automated digital image analysis was performed to determine protein expression. Clinical data and protein expressions were compared between the groups. DEFA6 expression was lower in the NEC group (p = 0.006). Low DEFA6 correlated with risk of developing NEC in a logistic regression analysis, independently of gestational age and birth weight (OR 0.843 [CI 0.732–0.971]; p = 0.018). GUCA2A expression did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion: Lower expression of DEFA6 together with intact GUCA2A expression indicates that NEC patients have well-defined Paneth cells but diminished defensin activity. Our results suggest that DEFA6 could be used as a biomarker for NEC.

What is Known:• Previous studies of defensin activity in NEC have been inconsistent, showing that defensin levels may be increased or diminished in NEC. GUCA2A has to our knowledge never been studied in NEC.

What is New:• This study benchmarks two specific Paneth cell markers (DEFA6 and GUCA2A) and their activity in individuals with and without NEC.• The key finding is that the NEC group had a lower DEFA6 expression compared to the Controls, while the expression of GUCA2A did not differ between the groups.
Socio-ecological challenges and food security in the ‘salad bowl’ of Fiji, Sigatoka Valley
Authors: Pickering Kerrie , Pearce Tristan , Manuel Lui , Doran Brendan , Smith Timothy F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article examines food security in the Sigatoka Valley, one of the most productive food regions in Fiji, in the context of recent socio-ecological challenges through a case study of Narewa village. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 25), a fixed question food insecurity experience survey (n = 25), and a free listing exercise about preferred and consumed foods (n = 24). Results revealed that while most households had access to sufficient food, the increased frequency and intensity of droughts, tropical cyclones, and flooding caused almost half to worry about meeting their future food needs. To date, a culture of sharing within the village has helped most households access food but this will likely be inadequate to meet future needs as climate change is projected to impact food production. Given that the foundation of food production in Narewa, like other villages in the valley, relies on the long-term viability of agricultural systems, better focus needs to be placed on the natural resources that form the backbone of these systems such as water availability, soil health, and slope stability and their resilience to anthropogenic and natural stressors. Efforts that focus on protecting and enhancing local ecosystems in light of expected future climate change, combined with greater attention on food storage and the use of resilient crops, and enhancing social cohesion and sharing networks are needed to avoid breaching tipping points in the food system.