bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic testing in children: A qualitative study of pediatricians' considerations
Authors: Ropers Fabienne G. , Rietveld Sophie , Rings Edmond H. H. M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , van Bodegom‐ Vos Leti , Hillen Marij A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesStudies in adult medicine have shown that physicians base testing decisions on the patient's clinical condition but also consider other factors, including local practice or patient expectations. In pediatrics, physicians and parents jointly decide on behalf of a (young) child. This might demand more explicit and more complex deliberations, with sometimes conflicting interests. We explored pediatricians' considerations in diagnostic test ordering and the factors that influence their deliberation.MethodWe performed in‐depth, semistructured interviews with a purposively selected heterogeneous sample of 20 Dutch pediatricians. We analyzed transcribed interviews inductively using a constant comparative approach, and clustered data across interviews to derive common themes.ResultsPediatricians perceived test‐related burden in children higher compared with adults, and reported that avoiding an unjustified burden causes them to be more restrictive and deliberate in test ordering. They felt conflicted when parents desired testing or when guidelines recommended diagnostic tests pediatricians perceived as unnecessary. When parents demanded testing, they would explore parental concern, educate parents about harms and alternative explanations of symptoms, and advocate watchful waiting. Yet they reported sometimes performing tests to appease parents or to comply with guidelines, because of feared personal consequences in the case of adverse outcomes.ConclusionWe obtained an overview of the considerations that are weighed in pediatric test decisions. The comparatively strong focus on prevention of harm motivates pediatricians to critically appraise the added value of testing and drivers of low‐value testing. Pediatricians' relatively restrictive approach to testing could provide an example for other disciplines. Improved guidelines and physician and patient education could help to withstand the perceived pressure to test.
Fatty acid composition and energy allocation in muscle and gonad tissues indicate that the female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari is an income breeder
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhu Guoping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe energy density and fatty acid composition profiles of the muscle and gonad tissues of female mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari from the South Orkney Islands in Antarctica were investigated throughout ovarian development to better understand the reproductive allocation strategy and the role of specific fatty acids in the reproductive process. Energy density in gonads increased from resting to spawning stages as the ovaries developed (19.60–25.10 kJ g−1 dry mass [DM]). In contrast, energy density in muscles remained constant throughout ovarian development (20.13–22.87 kJ g−1 DM), suggesting that the spawning events of the C. gunnari rely on energy income from feeding rather than on the energy stored in body. In addition, the variation in fatty acid composition between muscle and gonad tissues may reflect the role of main FAs as energy source. These results suggest that C. gunnari may utilize an income breeding strategy.
Rheological modeling of marjoram fortified rice dough: Empirical and machine learning approach
Authors: Vishwakarma Siddharth , Mandliya Shubham , Dalbhagat Chandrakant Genu , Singh Pallavi Kumari , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rheological properties (viscosity) of marjoram fortified rice dough (MFRD) inside extruder are helpful for product development, process control, and product quality. This study aims to predict viscosity of MFRD through regression analysis of existing empirical models and machine learning (ML) techniques. At first, MFRD was subjected to steady shear analysis (SSA) at various temperatures (60–100°C) and shear rates (1–50 s−1). The SSA data was split into training and validation sets in 70:30 ratio. Rheological modeling was conducted using various empirical models. Hyperparameter tuning was performed using existing MATLAB functions to develop ML models. The SSA revealed that MFRD exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, with viscosity decreasing with increasing temperature up to 70°C and then increasing again, most probably due to starch gelatinization. The regression analysis indicated satisfactory results for Power Law, Carreau, Cross, Sisko, Carreau‐Yasuda model (R2: 0.9849–0.9992) was deemed the best based on Akaike information criterion. A dual variable model (DVM) was then developed using this model, and its coefficient was calculated more efficiently through prepareSurfaceData (R2: 0.8865) MATLAB function than lsqcurvefit (R2: 0.8280) function. In ML model development, Levenberg–Marquardt was the most effective for artificial neural networks (ANNs), grid search for support vector, and Bayesian optimization for decision tree, ensemble, and gaussian process regression (GPR). Only ANN and GPR models had R2(testing) of 1 during training, but GPR model (Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.9995) outperformed others during validation. Therefore, GPR model can be used to accurately predict MFRD viscosity and DVM for simulation study.Practical applicationsShear profile and temperature within the extruder change frequently, affecting the viscosity of MFRD and the extrudate quality. The present study develops a dual variable viscosity prediction model using regression, which can be utilized in simulating extrusion process of MFRD. Using ML approach, the GPR model was found to be better than other models in accurately predicting MFRD viscosity at a range of shear and temperature conditions between 60–100°C and 3–50 s−1, respectively.
Influence of wearing complete dentures on control of head position during walking in edentulous older adults
Authors: Shimizu Kento , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Isoyama Naoya , Yanagihara Yuiko , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoordination between the trunk and head is considered important for walking stability. Recent studies have reported that wearing complete dentures could improve trunk stability during walking; however, its effect on the head has not been clarified.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the effect of complete dentures on head stability during walking in edentulous older adults.MethodsTwenty edentulous older adults (11 men and 9 women; mean age, 78.6 ± 5.8 years) who used complete dentures were included in the study. Acceleration and angle rate sensors were placed on the participants' brow, chin and waist, and they were asked to walk a 20‐m passage under two conditions: with and without dentures. The outcomes used to assess head stability were the variance values of acceleration and angle rate, the peak‐to‐peak values, harmonic ratio, root mean square, integrated values of the difference and dynamic time warping data obtained from the sensors. The variance values of the brow acceleration were compared using a paired t‐test, and other outcomes were compared using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. All significance levels were set at 5%.ResultsIn acceleration without dentures, the variance values of the chin and the peak‐to‐peak values of the brow and chin were significantly larger than with dentures. Angle rate without dentures, the variance values and the peak‐to‐peak values of the brow and chin were also significantly larger than with dentures.ConclusionWearing complete dentures while walking might improve head stability and contribute to walking stability in edentulous older adults.
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency manifestations in children and adults: Baseline data from an international registry
Authors: Balwani Manisha , Balistreri William , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Evans Jennifer , Ros Emilio , Abel Florian , Wilson Don P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsLysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL‐D) is a rare, autosomal recessive disease involving lysosomal accumulation of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides. The International Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency Registry (NCT01633489), established in 2013 to understand LAL‐D natural history and long‐term outcomes, is accessible to centres caring for patients diagnosed by deficient LAL activity and/or biallelic pathogenic LIPA variants. We describe the registry population enrolled through 2 May 2022.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we analysed demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of children (ages ≥6 months to <18 years) and adults diagnosed with LAL‐D.ResultsOf 228 patients with confirmed disease, 61% were children; 202/220 (92%) with data on race were white. Median age was 5.5 years at sign/symptom onset and 10.5 years at diagnosis; median time from sign/symptom onset to diagnostic testing was 3.3 years. The most common manifestations raising suspicion of disease were elevated alanine (70%) and aspartate aminotransferase levels (67%) and hepatomegaly (63%). Among 157 with reported LIPA mutations, 70 were homozygous and 45 were compound heterozygous for the common exon 8 splice junction pathogenic variant (E8SJM‐1). Seventy percent (159/228) of patients had dyslipidaemia. Among 118 with liver biopsies, 63% had microvesicular steatosis exclusively, 23% had mixed micro‐ and macrovesicular steatosis and 47% had lobular inflammation. Of 78 patients with fibrosis‐stage data, 37% had bridging fibrosis and 14% had cirrhosis.ConclusionsAlthough LAL‐D signs/symptoms occur early, diagnosis is often delayed. Abnormal transaminase levels associated with hepatomegaly and dyslipidaemia should raise suspicion and prompt earlier diagnosis of LAL‐D.Trial registration numberNCT01633489.
Predictors and management of post‐banding ulcer bleeding in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Brito Nunes Maria , Knecht Matthias , Wiest Reiner , Bosch Jaume , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPost‐banding ulcer bleeding (PBUB) is an understudied complication of oesophageal varices endoscopic band ligation (EBL). This systematic review with meta‐analysis aimed at: (a) evaluating the incidence of PBUB in patients with cirrhosis treated with EBL in primary or secondary prophylaxis or urgent treatment for acute variceal bleeding and (b) identifying predictors of PBUB.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of articles in English published in 2006–2022 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Searches were made in eight databases including Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Library. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to determine the incidence, mean interval and predictors of PBUB.ResultsEighteen studies (9034 patients) were included. The incidence of PBUB was 5.5% (95% CI 4.3–7.1). The mean time for it to occur was 11 days (95% CI 9.94–11.97). Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (OR 1.162, 95% CI 1.047–1.291) and EBL done in emergency setting (OR 4.902, 95% CI 2.99–8.05) independently predicted post‐ligation ulcer bleeding. Treatment included drugs, endoscopic procedures and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Refractory bleeding was treated with self‐expandable metallic stents or balloon tamponade. Mortality was on average 22.3% (95% CI 14.1–33.6).ConclusionsPatients with high MELD score and receiving EBL in an emergency setting are more prone to develop PBUB. Prognosis is still poor and the best therapeutic strategy to address remains to be ascertained.
Photosynthetic capacity in seagrass seeds and early‐stage seedlings of Zostera marina
Authors: Brodersen Kasper Elgetti , Kühl Michael 
Published: May 2023

Summary
In many terrestrial seeds, photosynthetic activity supplies O2 to the developing plant embryo to sustain aerobic metabolism and enhance biosynthetic activity. However, whether seagrass seeds possess similar photosynthetic capacity to alleviate intra‐seed hypoxic stress conditions is unknown.
We used a novel combination of microscale variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, a custom‐made O2 optode microrespirometry system and planar optode O2 imaging, to determine the O2 microenvironment and photosynthetic activity in developing seeds and seedlings of seagrass (Zostera marina).
Developing, sheath‐covered seeds exhibited high O2 concentrations in the photosynthetic active seed sheath and low O2 concentrations in the centre of the seed at the position of the embryo. In light, photosynthesis in the seed sheath increased O2 availability in central parts of the seed enabling enhanced respiratory energy generation for biosynthetic activity. Early‐stage seedlings also displayed photosynthetic capacity in hypocotyl and cotyledonary tissues, which may be beneficial for seedling establishment.
Sheath O2 production is important for alleviating intra‐seed hypoxic stress, which might increase endosperm storage activity, improving the conditions for successful seed maturation and germination.
Predictors of pacemaker implantation within three months after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Guo Yi , Chen Hongwu , Yang Shu , Gu Kai , Shen Youmei , Ju Weizhu , Yang Gang , Shi Jiaojiao , Wang Zidun , Liu Hailei , Jiang Xiaohong , Chen Minglong , Li Mingfang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is inevitable for patients to have a temporary or permanent pacemaker implanted during or after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in some cases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of pacemaker implantation (PMI) during or within 3 months of RFCA for AF and to identify the risk factors that were associated with PMI.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive AF patients who underwent RFCA between August 2018 and October 2020 at our center. The incidence of PMI within 3 months during or after RFCA were assessed. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify predictors of PMI.ResultsOne thousand and five patients (mean age, 60.2 ± 10.3 years; 37.6% women) were included in this analysis. PVI was performed in all patients. A total of 23 (2.3%) patients had a pacemaker implanted within 3 months during or after ablation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (OR: 1.08 [95% CI 1.03‐1.13], p = .003), female sex (OR: 3.08 [95% CI 1.28‐7.45], p = .012), paroxysmal AF (OR: 4.71 [95% CI 1.09‐20.45], p = .038) and repeated ablation (OR: 2.78 [95% CI 1.04‐7.40], p = .041) were the independent predictors for PMI.ConclusionsOlder age, female sex, paroxysmal AF and repeated ablation were identified as predictive risk factors for PMI after RFCA in patients with AF. A "watch and wait" strategy could be taken for patients with temporary PMI after ablation, especially for those with prolonged sinus pause after AF termination.
Analyzing the philosophy of travel with Schopenhauerian argument maps
Authors: Lemanski Jens 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEmily Thomas's seminal book The Meaning of Travel has brought the philosophy of travel back into the public eye in recent years. Thomas has shown that the topic of travel can be approached from numerous different perspectives, ranging from the historical to the conceptual‐analytical, to the political or even social‐philosophical perspectives. This article introduces another perspective, which Thomas only indirectly addresses, namely the argumentation‐theoretical perspective. It is notable that contemporary philosophy of travel lacks the nineteenth‐century approach of using diagrams and maps to examine arguments for and against travel. Since this approach starts with Schopenhauer, we first introduce his argument maps, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and argue that a modified version is suitable to visualize and analyze arguments for and against traveling as presented in Thomas's work.
EVKG: An interlinked and interoperable electric vehicle knowledge graph for smart transportation system
Authors: Qi Yanlin , Mai Gengchen , Zhu Rui , Zhang Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, the electric vehicle (EV) industry has experienced unprecedented growth and diversification, resulting in a complex ecosystem. To effectively manage this multifaceted field, we present an EV‐centric knowledge graph (EVKG) as a comprehensive, cross‐domain, extensible, and open geospatial knowledge management system. The EVKG encapsulates essential EV‐related knowledge, including EV adoption, EV supply equipment, and electricity transmission network, to support decision‐making related to EV technology development, infrastructure planning, and policy‐making by providing timely and accurate information and analysis. To enrich and contextualize the EVKG, we integrate the developed EV‐relevant ontology modules from existing well‐known knowledge graphs and ontologies. This integration enables interoperability with other knowledge graphs in the Linked Data Open Cloud, enhancing the EVKG's value as a knowledge hub for EV decision‐making. Using six competency questions, we demonstrate how the EVKG can be used to answer various types of EV‐related questions, providing critical insights into the EV ecosystem. Our EVKG provides an efficient and effective approach for managing the complex and diverse EV industry. By consolidating critical EV‐related knowledge into a single, easily accessible resource, the EVKG supports decision‐makers in making informed choices about EV technology development, infrastructure planning, and policy‐making. As a flexible and extensible platform, the EVKG is capable of accommodating a wide range of data sources, enabling it to evolve alongside the rapidly changing EV landscape.
Novel Strategy for Thermal Evaluation of Film-Cooled Blades Using Thermographic Phosphors at Simulated Engine Conditions
Authors: Zhou Wenwu , Shao Hongyi , Zhang Xu , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng , Li Yang , Yang Weihua , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Practical strategy for the thermal evaluation of film-cooled blade is of great importance to the gas turbine community. Due to the physical or methodology limitations, it is difficult to evaluate the blade’s thermal performance at simulated engine conditions. The present study proposed novel focal-sweep-based phosphor thermometry for blade cooling inspection. While Mg4FGeO6:Mn (MFG) served as the temperature sensor to quantify the blade temperatures as well as simulated the thermal barrier coating (TBC) effect, the focal sweep method was adopted to overcome the optical constraints in cascade testing. The obtained MFG results of microstructures, jet impingement, and anti-erosion test demonstrated that the MFG phosphor is robust enough to simulate the thermal insulation effect of TBC and can withstand high-speed flow erosion. Furthermore, the proposed strategy clearly captured the blade temperature distributions (mainstream at T0,∞=∼850K) with high spatial resolution, which was then successfully remapped onto the three-dimensional twisted blade. Additional comparisons with the thermocouples demonstrated that the simulated TBC has a thermal insulation effect of about 68 K. This study addressed the common problems of phosphor thermometry in blade cooling evaluation, offering a practical strategy for future thermal diagnostics of the gas turbine.
Memory Th17 cell-mediated protection against lethal secondary pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza infection
Authors: Li Yong , Yang Ying , Chen Dafan , Wang Yan , Zhang Xinyun , Li Wenchao , Chen Shengsen , Wong Sandy M. , Shen Mengwen , Akerley Brian J. , Shen Hao 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
Sp
) frequently causes secondary pneumonia after influenza A virus (IAV) infection, leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concomitant pneumococcal and influenza vaccination improves protection against coinfection but does not always yield complete protection. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses have been associated with attenuated bacterial clearance in influenza virus-infected hosts. In this study, we showed that preceding low-dose IAV infection caused persistent
Sp
infection and suppression of bacteria-specific T-helper type 17 (Th17) responses in mice. Prior
Sp
infection protected against subsequent IAV/
Sp
coinfection by improving bacterial clearance and rescuing bacteria-specific Th17 responses in the lungs. Furthermore, blockade of IL-17A by anti-IL-17A antibodies abrogated the protective effect of
Sp
preinfection. Importantly, memory Th17 responses induced by
Sp
preinfection overcame viral-driven Th17 inhibition and provided cross-protection against different
Sp
serotypes following coinfection with IAV. These results indicate that bacteria-specific Th17 memory cells play a key role in providing protection against IAV/
Sp
coinfection in a serotype-independent manner and suggest that a Th17-based vaccine would have excellent potential to mitigate disease caused by coinfection.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(
Sp
) frequently causes secondary bacterial pneumonia after influenza A virus (IAV) infection, leading to increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current pneumococcal vaccines induce highly strain-specific antibody responses and provide limited protection against IAV/
Sp
coinfection. Th17 responses are broadly protective against
Sp
single infection, but whether the Th17 response, which is dramatically impaired by IAV infection in naïve mice, might be effective in immunization-induced protection against pneumonia caused by coinfection is not known. In this study, we have revealed that
Sp
-specific memory Th17 cells rescue IAV-driven inhibition and provide cross-protection against subsequent lethal coinfection with IAV and different
Sp
serotypes. These results indicate that a Th17-based vaccine would have excellent potential to mitigate disease caused by IAV/
Sp
coinfection.
Conformal Envelopes of Novikov–Poisson Algebras
Authors: Kolesnikov P. S. , Nesterenko A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove that every Novikov–Poisson algebra over a field of zero characteristic
can be embedded into a commutative conformal algebra with a derivation.
As a corollary, we show that every commutator Gelfand–Dorfman algebra
obtained from a Novikov–Poisson algebra is special, i.e., embeddable into
a differential Poisson algebra.