bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Military robots should not look like a humans
Authors: Mamak Kamil , Kowalczewska Kaja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing robots in the military contexts is problematic at many levels. There are social, legal, and ethical issues that should be discussed first before their wider deployment. In this paper, we focus on an additional problem: their human likeness. We claim that military robots should not look like humans. That design choice may bring additional risks that endanger human lives and by that contradicts the very justification for deploying robots at war, which is decreasing human deaths and injuries. We discuss two threats—epistemological and patient. Epistemological one is connected with the risk of mistaking robots for humans due to the limited ways of getting information about the external world, which may be amplified by the rush and need to fight with robots in distance. The patient threat is related to the developing attachment to robots, that in military contexts may cause additional deaths by the hesitance to sacrifice robots in order to save humans in peril or risking human life to save robots.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Self-Cutting Behavior Among Adolescents at First Contact with the Juvenile Court
Authors: Meza Jocelyn I. , Folk Johanna , Hoskins David , Kemp Kathleen , Tolou-Shams Marina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdolescents involved in juvenile legal system are at increased risk for self-cutting behavior, however, correlates associated with elevated risk remain underresearched, particularly among youth with first involvement with the court. This study utilized an epidemiological two-year longitudinal study involving 401 adolescents at first contact with the court (Mage = 14.47;SDage = 1.94 years; 43% female; 42% Latinx/Hispanic) and an involved caregiver. Study aims examined key prospective psychosocial correlates of self-cutting behavior. Baseline assessments captured individual and family level risk and protective factors; self-cutting behavior was assessed longitudinally every four months post-baseline for 24 months. Psychosocial correlates of self-cutting behavior included adolescent affect dysregulation, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, impulsive decision making, anxiety and depression symptoms. Significant protective factors included positive communication with caregiver and family, higher self-esteem, and having a caring and supportive family. These findings suggest that internalizing symptoms as well as difficulties with emotion regulation and impulsive decision making are correlated with heightened risk for self-cutting behavior among adolescents involved in the juvenile legal system. The findings also suggest that individual and family level protective factors, like positive communication and a supportive family, are associated with decreased risk for self-cutting behavior among adolescents at first contact with the court.
Can an Universal School-Based Social Emotional Learning Program Reduce Adolescents’ Social Withdrawal and Social Anxiety?
Authors: Sousa Vanda , Silva Patrícia Ribeiro , Romão Ana Maria , Coelho Vítor Alexandre 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of studies analyzing if universal school-based Social and Emotional Learning programs can reduce social withdrawal and social anxiety. This study analyzed the effectiveness of one such program on those variables, and the role of individual school climate perceptions. In this nationwide study, 704 seventh to eighth-grade Portuguese students (Mage = 12.96, SD = 1.09, 48% girls), of which 215 (30.6%) in the comparison group, were assessed at pretest, post-test, and follow-up seven months later. Analyses showed positive intervention results in self- and teacher-reported social withdrawal and social anxiety. Regarding school climate, intervention group students with more positive teacher-student relationships benefitted more from program participation in social anxiety. These results support the program’s effectiveness for addressing social withdrawal and social anxiety.
Are Parents the Key? How Parental Suicide Stigma and Suicide Literacy Affect Help-Seeking Attitudes and Intentions for their Child
Authors: Burke Colette T. , Calear Alison L. , Cruwys Tegan , Batterham Philip J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuicide is the leading cause of death among Australian young people, yet rates of help-seeking for suicidal ideation and behaviors in this population are concerningly low. In this study, the relationships between parental suicide stigma, parental suicide literacy, and their attitudes and intentions toward seeking professional help for their child if they were to express thoughts of suicide are investigated. Understanding this influence is critical given parents are key facilitators of their child’s access to and engagement with professional mental health services. An online survey was administered to 302 parents of children aged-12–18 (Mage = 45.36, SDage = 6.23; 91.4% female). Parental suicide stigma was significantly associated with more negative help-seeking attitudes and lower help-seeking intentions. Other significant predictors of more positive help-seeking attitudes included parental self-efficacy and having a child with no history of suicidal ideation. Higher help-seeking intentions were associated with female gender, living in an urban area, and positive help-seeking attitudes. Parental suicide literacy was not significantly associated with help-seeking. Practically, outcomes of this study may inform the development and implementation of targeted education programs to increase parental help-seeking for their children.
Quantification of the spatial resilience of the Spanish rural landscape to fire occurrence analysed using the SISPARES network of plots
Authors: Rescia A. J. , Gómez Menéndez A. I. , González Lodares C. , Ortega M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
In Spain, fire is a tool used for management in rural landscapes but also wildfires can play a disruptive socio-ecological role. Therefore, its spatial structure analysis and spatial resilience quantification to wildfire is useful for territorial planning and management.

Objectives
We evaluate the relationship between the spatial structure of Spanish rural landscapes with the historical wildfire frequency. We develop and calculate indices of spatial resilience to wildfires and large wildfires.

Methods
We followed a stratified sampling based on the biogeoclimatic classes grouping by ecoregions. We calculated landscape metrics with Fragstats and collected wildfires occurrence from a national wildfire database. Spatial resilience was estimated with a self-elaborated index, using wildfires data and landscape structure subjected to a MANOVA and to a linear regression model.

Results
The Northwest region suffered more wildfires and large wildfires than the other ecoregions. The differences in frequency of large wildfires were small and low in. Some landscape metrics were positively related to wildfire frequency (forest plantations and scrublands) and other negatively (“dehesas” and crops). Spatial resilience to wildfires and large wildfires was lower in the Northwest area but for large wildfires were also low in the Mediterranean Littoral and Central region.

Conclusions
The relationship between the frequency of the two types of wildfires and landscape structure determines differences in spatial resilience indices. Large wildfires are positively related to shrubland abundance, whereas small wildfires are positively related to heterogeneous agricultural areas. Therefore, spatial resilience indices could be used as early warning tools to prevent wildfires.
Solving quantum circuit compilation problem variants through genetic algorithms
Authors: Arufe Lis , Rasconi Riccardo , Oddi Angelo , Varela Ramiro , González Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gate-based model is one of the leading quantum computing paradigms for representing quantum circuits. Within this paradigm, a quantum algorithm is expressed in terms of a set of quantum gates that are executed on the quantum hardware over time, subject to a number of constraints whose satisfaction must be guaranteed before running the circuit, to allow for feasible execution. The need to guarantee the previous feasibility condition gives rise to the Quantum Circuit Compilation Problem (QCCP). The QCCP has been demonstrated to be NP-Complete, and can be considered as a Planning and Scheduling problem. In this paper, we consider quantum compilation instances deriving from the general Quantum Approximation Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), applied to the MaxCut problem, devised to be executed on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware architectures. More specifically, in addition to the basic QCCP version, we also tackle other variants of the same problem such as the QCCP-X (QCCP with crosstalk constraints), the QCCP-V (QCCP with variable qubit state initialization), as well as the QCCP-VX that includes both previous variants. All problem variants are solved using genetic algorithms. We perform an experimental study across a conventional set of instances taken from the literature, and show that the proposed genetic algorithm, termed $$GA_{VX}$$

G

A

VX

, outperforms previous approaches in the literature.
Selection history affects very early expression of wood properties in Pinus radiata
Authors: Apiolaza Luis A. , Sharma Monika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrees in breeding programmes are often selected at 1/4–1/3 of rotation, called ‘early selection’, which is typically between 8 and 10 years in radiata pine. However, differences between populations and genotypes selected for either basic density or wood stiffness are already apparent at age 2. We report the application of very early screening techniques for wood properties in the New Zealand Radiata Pine Breeding Programme deployment populations. Approximately 3000 trees representing three populations with 92 families and 10 clones were grown in a common garden trial, leaning for 21 months to separate compression and opposite wood. The trees were harvested and analysis carried out separately by wood type. The trial showed the existence of large variability in wood properties at early age, in some cases similar to variability near rotation age, and moderate to high degree of genetic control ($$0.35 \le h^2 \le 0.71$$

0.35
≤

h
2

≤
0.71

). The genetic association between traits was strong, particularly between wood stiffness and longitudinal shrinkage ($$-\,0.69$$

-

0.69

) and between longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage (0.83), suggesting that improving stiffness would also have a strong effect on improving dimensional stability. Basic density was also associated with stiffness and shrinkage, but with lower predictive capacity. These results can be used for roguing deployment populations-which already contain superior growing trees-and quickly upgrade the wood quality of seeds and clones currently available to New Zealand forest growers. We discuss necessary modifications to turn this research work into operation to screen any new material before commercial release.
Investigation of the association between the Enferplex bovine tuberculosis antibody test and the future risk of bovine tuberculosis in irish cattle in infected herds: a pilot field study
Authors: Madden Jamie M. , Casey-Bryars Miriam , More Simon J. , Barrett Damien , Gormley Eamonn , Ryan Eoin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin Test (SICTT) and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay are the approved diagnostic tests for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Ireland. The aim of this pilot study was to explore if there was any added diagnostic benefit from applying the Enferplex bTB test (an antibody test) in severe bTB herd breakdowns after the removal of cattle that had tested positive to the SICTT and the IFN-γ test. In addition to the normal bTB testing and management protocols, the animals in these herds that tested negative to SICTT and the IFN-γ test were followed forward for a period of two years. All animals were tested by Enferplex at enrolment. The time to subsequent bTB detection (diagnosed with SICTT/IFN-γ tests or detection of visible lesions at routine slaughter) for animals that tested positive or negative to the Enferplex bTB test at the start of the study was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox based survival models. Of the 484 enrolled animals (from 11 herds), 171 (35.3%) and 151 (31.1%) initially tested positive in the Enferplex assay under the high sensitivity and high specificity interpretation settings respectively. The results of the survival analysis showed that there was no difference in the survival time to a positive diagnosis with bTB during the follow-up period between animals initially classified as positive and negative by the Enferplex test. Further research is warranted to explore the potential benefit of using the Enferplex test in other scenarios.
SERS-based rapid susceptibility testing of commonly administered antibiotics on clinically important bacteria species directly from blood culture of bacteremia patients
Authors: Han Yin-Yi , Wang Jann-Tay , Cheng Wei-Chih , Chen Ko-Lun , Chi Yi , Teng Lee-Jene , Wang Juen-Kai , Wang Yuh-Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBloodstream infections are a growing public health concern due to emerging pathogens and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for timely and optimized choice of antibiotics, but current methods require days to obtain results. Here, we present a general AST protocol based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS-AST) for bacteremia caused by eight clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens treated with seven commonly administered antibiotics. Our results show that the SERS-AST protocol achieves a high level of agreement (96% for Gram-positive and 97% for Gram-negative bacteria) with the widely deployed VITEK 2 diagnostic system. The protocol requires only five hours to complete per blood-culture sample, making it a rapid and effective alternative to conventional methods. Our findings provide a solid foundation for the SERS-AST protocol as a promising approach to optimize the choice of antibiotics for specific bacteremia patients. This novel protocol has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Self-development in the twenty-first century: An exploratory analysis of the relationship between new work characteristics and informal workplace learning
Authors: Graßmann Carolin , Decius Julian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article in the journal “Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)” presents the results of an exploratory study on the relationship between new work characteristics and informal workplace learning (IWL). New ways of working drastically shaped modern workplaces, but their association with workplace learning, a key driver of organizations’ success, remains unclear—little is known about whether and under which circumstances new work characteristics are related to workplace learning. Drawing on Conservation of Resources theory, we tested if new work characteristics (i.e., digitalization, flexibility, dissolution of boundaries, participation, and relevance of work) are positively related to IWL. Moreover, we assumed that learning climate positively influences the strength of the relationship between new work characteristics and IWL. We conducted an online survey involving 291 participants to test our hypotheses. We found a positive overall relationship between new work characteristics and IWL. Examining the new work characteristics in more detail, relative importance analysis showed that this overall relationship seems to be driven by relevance of work, followed by participation and dissolution of boundaries. Digitalization and flexibility showed only weak relationships with IWL. Contrary to our assumption, learning climate did not strengthen the new work characteristics-IWL relationship. Our study introduces new work characteristics as an antecedent of IWL and speaks to their overall benefits for IWL. However, our findings suggest that new work might not be studied as a unified concept, but rather separately for its different characteristics. We hope to inspire further research to help organizations and employees to capitalize on the effects of new work characteristics.
Measuring the efficiency of mutual funds: Does ESG controversies score affect the mutual fund performance during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Petridis Konstantinos , Kiosses Nikolaos , Tampakoudis Ioannis , Ben Abdelaziz Fouad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research investigates the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on mutual fund efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and hypothesis testing, we examine the effect of ESG controversies scores on mutual fund performance. Our sample comprises 17,961 mutual funds worldwide, with available data during the later phase of the pandemic. Mutual fund performance is evaluated using the DEA methodology, and efficiency scores are derived from the DEA portfolio efficiency index. To explore the impact of ESG controversies scores on mutual fund performance, the sample is divided into two categories based on the ESG controversies score quartile. The findings demonstrate that mutual funds with higher ESG controversies scores, which indicate fewer ESG controversies, outperformed those with lower scores. Specifically, mutual funds embroiled in fewer ESG controversies exhibited higher financial efficiency, regardless of their geographical investment area. These findings offer essential insights for both investors and mutual fund managers. Retail and institutional investors could recognize the potential performance gains associated with investing in socially responsible mutual funds during crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, mutual fund managers should consider avoiding securities with more ESG controversies in their portfolios, considering that ESG controversies could have an adverse impact on financial efficiency during periods of health, environmental, or market crises. While our study contributes valuable insights, it is subject to limitations due to the unavailability of time-series data for mutual funds during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, it represents the first attempt to utilize the ESG controversies score as a determinant of mutual fund financial efficiency during the pandemic era.
Live-Sound Pressure That Is Not Measured In Decibels
Authors: Compton Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAudio engineer choice is affected by the influences and pressures within the live sound culture. This study analyzes the data from a 2020 international survey of audio engineers and focuses on live sound interpersonal interactions through the lens of social responsibility. As live sound participants, audio engineers, event organizers, performers, and audiences often have differing expectations due to their knowledge, preference, bias, ego, financial investment, sense of responsibility, proclivity towards risk or safety, and more. At live sound events, the final gatekeeper between the sound source and sound reinforcement is the audio engineer, who consciously or subconsciously weighs these expectations against the pressure they feel, their own motivations, and their knowledge and ability. Within the decision-making process, an audio engineer’s performance benefits not from the absence of interpersonal pressure, but instead from an appropriate balance of influences and pressures. This balance affects audio engineer development, investment, focus, enjoyment, satisfaction, and audio mix choices, which then impacts other live sound participants’ experience, health, well-being, and event viability.
Safety performance evaluation of construction projects in Egypt
Authors: Abdalfatah Zeinab , Elbeltagi Emad , Abdelshakor Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Egypt, the construction industry employs about 20% of the total work force in the local market. The health and safety (H&S) performance evaluation is adopted mainly to control H&S risks in construction sites. As such, there is a need to measure the safety performance in construction sites in a way that is proactive rather than just relying on interactive procedures. The main goal of this study is to develop an indicator to evaluate safety performance on construction sites. This is achieved through two basic steps. First, factors that affect safety performance in construction projects are determined by reviewing literature and conducting personal interviews. A total of 47 factors were collected. Then, a questionnaire was conducted to determine the most important factors that affect the H&S of construction projects in Egypt. The incentives and safety training were among the most important factors. Second, an index to evaluate safety performance has been developed. The purpose of this evaluation is to create a determinate through which construction sites safety could be assessed. The proposed model will be a useful tool to assist project managers and safety inspectors to assess safety performance in construction sites and thus help build safety regulations.
Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly
Authors: Mo Shanyun , Du Lei , Huang Zhiyin , Chen Junda , Zhou Yangdong , Wu Puwei , Meng Ling , Wang Ning , Xing Lixin , Zhao Mingquan , Yang Yunsong , Tang Junke , Zou Yuquan , Ye Siyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have regained worldwide attention from academia, industries, investors, and governments. The prospect of PEM fuel cells has turned into reality, with fuel cell vehicles successfully launched in the market. However, today’s fuel cells remain less competitive than combustion engines and batteries, primarily due to their high cost and short lifetime, which are significantly affected by the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), or the “chips” of PEM fuel cells. Therefore, many efforts have been devoted to developing advanced materials and manufacturing processes for MEAs. In this paper, we critically review the recent progress of key materials for MEAs, focusing on how to integrate materials into electrodes and MEAs. We also present the most advanced designs and manufacturing techniques of MEAs and discuss their possible constraints. Finally, perspectives on future R&D directions of materials and MEAs are provided. This review aims to bridge the gaps between academic material research and industrial manufacturing process development.
Graphical Abstract