bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antinociceptive Activity of (E)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide in Mice Is Reduced by (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-N-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide Through Opposing Modulatory Mechanisms at the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Authors: Arias Hugo R. , Tae Han-Shen , Micheli Laura , Yousuf Arsalan , Manetti Dina , Romanelli Maria Novella , Ghelardini Carla , Adams David J. , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The primary objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacological and behavioral activity of 2 novel compounds, DM497 [(E)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide] and DM490 [(E)-3-(furan-2-yl)-N-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)acrylamide], structural derivatives of PAM-2, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).

METHODS:
A mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain (2.4 mg/kg, 10 injections) was used to test the pain-relieving properties of DM497 and DM490. To assess possible mechanisms of action, the activity of these compounds was determined at heterologously expressed α7 and α9α10 nAChRs, and voltage-gated N-type calcium channel (CaV2.2) using electrophysiological techniques.

RESULTS:
Cold plate tests indicated that 10 mg/kg DM497 was able to decrease neuropathic pain in mice induced by the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin. In contrast, DM490 induced neither pro- nor antinociceptive activity but inhibited DM497’s effect at equivalent dose (30 mg/kg). These effects are not a product of changes in motor coordination or locomotor activity. At α7 nAChRs, DM497 potentiated whereas DM490 inhibited its activity. In addition, DM490 antagonized the α9α10 nAChR with >8-fold higher potency than that for DM497. In contrast, DM497 and DM490 had minimal inhibitory activity at the CaV2.2 channel. Considering that DM497 did not increase the mouse exploratory activity, an indirect anxiolytic mechanism was not responsible for the observed antineuropathic effect.

CONCLUSIONS:
The antinociceptive activity of DM497 and the concomitant inhibitory effect of DM490 are mediated by opposing modulatory mechanisms on the α7 nAChR, whereas the involvement of other possible nociception targets such as the α9α10 nAChR and CaV2.2 channel can be ruled out.
Effect of Different Administration Routes of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Spinal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial
Authors: Niu Jing-Yi , Yang Na , Tao Qing-Yu , He Yan , Hou Yong-Bo , Ning Ren-De , Yu Jun-Ma 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intravenous dexmedetomidine has been reported to decrease the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients. Nevertheless, some previous studies have indicated that intratracheal dexmedetomidine and intranasal dexmedetomidine are also effective and convenient. The current study aimed to compare the effect of different administration routes of dexmedetomidine on POD in elderly patients.

METHODS:
We randomly allocated 150 patients (aged 60 years or more) scheduled for spinal surgery to receive intravenous dexmedetomidine (0.6 μg/kg), intranasal dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) before anesthesia induction, or intratracheal dexmedetomidine (0.6 µg/kg) after anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was the frequency of delirium during the first 3 postoperative days. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of postoperative sore throat (POST) and sleep quality. Adverse events were recorded, and routine treatment was performed.

RESULTS:
Compared with the intranasal group, the intravenous group had a significantly lower occurrence of POD within 3 days (3 of 49 [6.1%] vs 14 of 50 [28.0%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.05–0.63; P < .017). Meanwhile, patients in the intratracheal group had a lower incidence of POD than those in the intranasal group (5 of 49 [10.2%] vs 14 of 50 [28.0%]; OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10–0.89; P < .017). Whereas, there was no difference between the intratracheal and intravenous groups (5 of 49 [10.2%] vs 3 of 49 [6.1%]; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.40–7.73; P > .017). The rate of POST was lower in the intratracheal group than that in the other 2 groups at 2 hours after surgery (7 of 49 [14.3%] vs 12 of 49 [24.5%] vs 18 of 50 [36.0%], P < .017, respectively). Intravenous dexmedetomidine had the lowest Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score on the second morning after surgery (median [interquartile range {IQR}]: 4 [3–5] vs 6 [4–7] vs 6 [4–7], P < .017, respectively). Compared with the intranasal group, the intravenous group had a higher rate of bradycardia and a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (P < .017). The intranasal group was associated with the highest incidence of hypertension (P < .017).

CONCLUSIONS:
For patients aged ≥60 years undergoing spinal surgery, compared with the intranasal route of dexmedetomidine, intravenous and intratracheal dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of early POD. Meanwhile, intravenous dexmedetomidine was associated with better sleep quality after surgery, and intratracheal dexmedetomidine resulted in a lower incidence of POST. Adverse events were mild in all 3 administration routes of dexmedetomidine.
Precision Mapping of Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Positions Associated With the Microlesion Effect in Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Morishita Takashi , Sakai Yuki , Iida Hitoshi , Yoshimura Saki , Fujioka Shinsuke , Oda Kazunori , Tanaka Saori C. , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The microlesion effect refers to the improvement of clinical symptoms after deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead placement and is suggested to indicate optimal lead placement. Very few studies have reported its implications in neuropsychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the magnitude of the microlesion effect in Tourette syndrome and the relationship between the microlesion effect and the anatomic location of implanted DBS leads.

METHODS:
Six male patients were included. Their median age at surgery and follow-up period were 25 years (range, 18-47) and 12 months (range, 6-24), respectively. All patients were videotaped pre- and postoperatively, and tic frequencies were counted. We also analyzed the precision of lead placement and evaluated the normative connectome associated with the microlesion area.

RESULTS:
The microlesion effect was observed as an improvement in tic symptoms in all patients, and the long-term clinical outcomes were favorable. The median motor tic frequency was 20.2 tics/min (range, 9.7-60) at baseline and decreased to 3.2 tics/min (1.2-11.3) in patients on postoperative day 1 (P = .043) and to 5.7 tics/min (range, 1.9-16.6) in patients on postoperative day 7 (P = .028). Phonic tic tended to improve immediately after surgery although the changes were not significant. Image analyses revealed that the precise position of the electrode was directed toward the anteromedial centromedian nucleus. Normative connectome analysis demonstrated connections between improvement-related areas and wide areas of the prefrontal cortex.

CONCLUSION:
This study shows that the microlesion effect may seem as an immediate improvement after optimal DBS lead placement in patients with Tourette syndrome.
The Risk of Menstrual Dysfunction Increases for Women during U.S. Army Basic Combat Training
Authors: BOZZINI BRITTANY N. , NGUYEN VY T. , REYNOSO MARINALIZ C. , GUERRIERE KATELYN I. , WALKER LEILA A. , TAYLOR KATHRYN M. , FOULIS STEPHEN A. , BOUXSEIN MARY L. , HUGHES JULIE M. , POPP KRISTIN L. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The extent to which the 8-wk U.S. Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) course elicits or exacerbates menstrual dysfunction (MD) and mechanisms behind this dysfunction is not clear.

Purpose
To determine whether changes in menstruation develop in female trainees during BCT and whether changes in body mass, body composition and/or physical activity are associated with menstrual interruption during BCT.

Methods
Female trainees grouped according to self-reported menstrual status in the 12 months before BCT as having regular cycles (RC; n = 352) or MD (n = 97) completed height, body mass, and body composition assessments and questionnaires before and after BCT. Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare between-group differences in categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Among RC trainees, odds ratios were calculated to examine the influence of changes in body mass, lean mass, and fat mass on a trainee’s likelihood to miss a period during BCT.

Results
There were no differences in race, height, body mass, body mass index, or physical activity history at pre-BCT between RC and MD (P > 0.05). Overall, 86% of trainees experienced changes to menstruation during BCT. RC were more likely than MD to have at least one period during BCT (81% vs 69%, respectively, P = 0.01). Among RC, gaining more body mass and lean mass and losing less fat mass were associated with increased odds of missing a period during BCT.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that most female trainees experience menstrual changes during BCT. Menstrual cycle interruptions do not appear to align with loss of body or fat mass.
Anti-Black racism in clinical supervision: asynchronous simulated encounters facilitate reflective practice
Authors: Calhoun Amanda J. , Martin Andrés , Adigun Ayodola , Alleyne Shirley D. , Aneni Kammarauche , Thompson-Felix Tara , Asnes Andrea , de Carvalho-Filho Marco A. , Benoit Laelia , Genao Inginia 
Published: April 2023

Background Racist interactions in clinical practice remain a pervasive reality for Black healthcare providers. We sought to develop a framework to inform supervisors’ actions when confronting racism in clinical practice and protecting trainees under their oversight. Methods We conducted a qualitative study in which experienced supervisors responded to seven short, videotaped interactions between: 1) Black trainees and a simulated patient (SP) in a racist role; 2) the trainees and their respective supervisors; and 3) the trainees and their supervisors together with the SP. The clinical exchanges exemplified different types of racist (entrenching) or antiracist (uprooting) behaviors by the supervisors. After viewing each clip, participants wrote their reflections confidentially; they later joined a structured debriefing together. We used thematic analysis to identify supervisors’ behavioral patterns when confronting racist interactions. Results Based on the input of 52 participants recruited into five two-hour-long sessions, we categorized the behaviors of supervisors facing anti-Black racial injuries involving learners under their oversight. We organized supervisor behaviors into five interlocking domains, each with a range of possible themes: 1) Joining: from conciliatory to confrontational in communicating with the aggressor; 2) Explicitness: from avoiding to naming racism; 3) Ownership: from individual to shared responsibility of the event and the response to it; 4) Involving: from excusing to including the aggrieved party when confronting the aggressor; and 5) Stance: from protective to paternalistic in supporting the learner’s autonomy. Conclusions Our qualitative findings can provide a framework for facilitated discussion toward reflective practice among healthcare providers who may have experienced, witnessed, or intervened in anti-Black racist interactions. They can also help medical educators to inform faculty development to fight anti-Black racism in clinical practice. The video materials we developed are available for viewing and download and can be used or adapted as springboards for reflective discussion or faculty development activities.
Floristic composition and structure of closed and open forests in the Banco National Park, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: GNAHORE ERIC , DOUFFI KOUAKOU GUY-CASMIR , N’GUESSAN YAO JOACHIM , AMBA ACHIEDO JEAN GREVIN , IBRAHIMA DIOMANDE , KONE MOUSSA , BAKAYOKO ADAMA 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Gnahore E, Douffi KG-C, N’guessan YJ, Amba AJG, Ibrahima D, Kone M, Bakayoko A. 2023. Floristic composition and structure of closed and open forests in the Banco National Park, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Asian J For 7: 17-26. Natural ecosystems are pressured to degradation caused by human activities. To develop conservation guidelines for these ecosystems, it was necessary to have enough information on their biodiversity. This study aimed to investigate the species richness, diversity, structure, and composition of vegetation in the Banco National Park (BNP), Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, in two forest types, namely closed and open forests. Vegetational data was collected using a sampling plot and itinerant methods. The results showed that 345 and 283 species were recorded in the closed and open forest, respectively, suggesting that the closed forest appears richer than the open forest. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Apocynaceae were the most dominant families in both forest types. Both forest types had a high Shannon-Weaver diversity index and high Pielou equality index. The most important species in the open forest included Chrysophyllum subnudum Baker (Sapotaceae), Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. (Clusiaceae) and Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf (Apocynaceae), while in the closed forest were Strombosia pustulata Oliv. (Olacaceae), Turraeanthus africanus (Welw. ex C.DC.) Pellegr. (Meliaceae), and Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal (Annonaceae). The diametric structure showed the greatest proportion of individuals with low diameter classes, indicating regeneration potential. However, there were great differences in stand structure between the open and the closed forest, especially in high-diameter classes, indicating that the open forest has been pressured by timber cutting. The results of this study can serve as baseline information to develop conservation and rehabilitation strategies in BNP to sustain its biodiversity components.
Diplosoma simile (Ascidiacea: Didemnidae) distribution and its photosynthetic thermal stress responses from Mauritius: Implications for invasive or opportunistic behavior
Authors: FAI ANGELA LIU YEW , KAULLYSING DEEPEEKA , JEETUN SRUTI , SOONDUR MOUNESHWAR , BHAGOOLI RANJEET 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Fai ALY, Kaullysing D, Jeetun S, Soondur M, Bhagooli R. 2023. Diplosoma simile (Ascidiacea: Didemnidae) distribution and its photosynthetic thermal stress responses from Mauritius: Implications for invasive or opportunistic behavior. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 7: 16-26. This study aimed to investigate the morphological identity of the ascidian Diplosoma, its distribution, experimental thermal stress responses, and its characteristics of being potentially invasive or opportunistic in Mauritian waters. The Diplosoma species were anesthetized in menthol, fixed, and preserved in a formalin-seawater solution. Isolated zooids and embryos were examined under a microscope for distinct morphological characteristics, which revealed their identity as D. simile (Sluiter, 1909). The D. simile percentage cover studied at seven sites in 2019 around Mauritius tended to be high at the near-reef zone, with a high percentage of dead coral cover per 0.5 m2. At Flic en Flac, long-term observations in 2008, 2010, 2016, and 2019 indicated a significant decrease and increased from 61.25±3.31 to 6.15±0.60 % and 0.08±0.05 to 2.50±090% for the percentage covers of live coral and D. simile, respectively. The D. simile was recorded on five coral species, and its percentage occurrence increased from 2008 to 2019 in Acropora muricata, A. cytherea, Pocillopora damicornis, and Montipora aequituberculata with the highest levels occurring in Acropora while Porites lutea was not found to be covered by D. simile during the study. Visual observations from the thermal exposures at 27ºC, 30ºC, and 33ºC during 19 hrs revealed that D. simile was more affected by increasing temperature and exposure time. Using four observed conditions of normal, bleached/paled, tissue sloughing, and mortality, D. simile suffered from only bleaching/paling at 33ºC at 19 hrs exposure. Variable visual responses were noted for corals, with P. lutea appearing normal at all trials while A. cytherea was suffering from mortality both at 30ºC and 33ºC at 19 hrs exposure. The effective quantum yield (?PSII), measured using a Diving-PAM, declined significantly at 33ºC treatments at 6 and 19 hrs of exposure. D. simile generally tended to be more thermally tolerant than corals like P. lutea, P. damicornis, M. aequituberculata, A. muricata, A, cytherea, though the ?PSII thermal responses were variable among the tested corals. When considering the reported behavioral characteristics of D. simile, namely the lack of broad dispersal range and wide environmental tolerance, it is tempting to deduce that the species is potentially invasive. However, in this study, D. simile’s significant distribution on dead corals, its presence in zones of high anthropogenic activities, and its relatively more robust thermal stress responses than corals colonized suggest an opportunistic behavior.
Topological large-area one-way transmission in pseudospin-field-dependent waveguides using magneto-optical photonic crystals
Authors: Yu Xinyue , Chen Jianfeng , Li Zhi-Yuan , Liang Wenyao 
Published: April 2023

We propose a pseudospin-field-dependent waveguide (PFDW) by constructing a sandwiched heterostructure consisting of three magneto-optical photonic crystals (MOPCs) with different geometric parameters. The upper expanded MOPC applied with an external magnetic field has broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and an analogous quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, while the middle standard and the lower compressed ones are not magnetized and trivial. Attributed to the TRS-broken-QSH effect of the upper MOPC, the topological large-area one-way transmission that uniformly distributes over the middle domain is achieved and exhibits the characteristics of a pseudospin-field-momentum-locking; i.e., pseudospin-down (or pseudospin-up) leftward (or rightward) waveguide state when the positive (or negative) magnetic field is applied on the upper MOPC. We further demonstrate the strong robustness of the PFDW against backscattering from various kinds of defects. In addition, a topological beam modulator that can compress or expand the light beam, and a large-area pseudospin beam splitter have been designed. These results have potential in various applications such as sensing, signal processing, and optical communications.
Adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia: Evidence from Mongolia Social Indicator Sample Survey 2013–2018
Authors: Bayaraa Khulan , Agho Kingsley , Akombi-Inyang Blessing 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health and social concern which pose enormous pregnancy and delivery-related risks for both the mother and their neonate. This study aims to estimate adolescent pregnancy and determine the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia.

Methods
This study pooled data from 2013 and 2018 Mongolia, Social Indicator Sample Surveys (MSISS). A total of 2808 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years with socio-demographic information were included in this study. Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in a female 19 years of age or younger. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Mongolia.

Results
Adolescent pregnancy was estimated at 57.62 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 44.41, 70.84] per 1000 adolescent girls aged 15–19 years. Multivariable analyses reported higher adolescent pregnancy in the countryside [Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) = 2.07 (95%CI: 1.08, 3.96)], with increasing age [AOR = 11.50 (95%CI: 6.64, 19.92)], among adolescent girls who used contraception methods [AOR = 10.80 (95%CI: 6.34, 18.40)], among adolescent girls from the poorest households [AOR = 3.32 (95%CI: 1.39, 7.93)], and among adolescent girls who drank alcohol [AOR = 2.10 (95%CI: 1.22, 3.62)].

Discussion
Identifying the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy is crucial in reducing adolescent pregnancy and improving the sexual and reproductive health as well as the social and economic well-being of adolescents thus setting Mongolia on the path to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 by 2030.
Relevance of physical therapy and occupational therapy in oncological patients at the stage of palliative and hospice care
Authors: Raznatovska О. М. , Kanyhina S. M. , Shalmin O. S. , Fedorets A. V. 
Published: April 2023

The aim of the work is to review modern literary sources regarding the relevance of physical therapy and occupational therapy in cancer patients at the stage of palliative and hospice care.
Results. The relevance of physical therapy and occupational therapy methods in palliative and hospice medicine for cancer patients was studied. It has been established that physical therapy and occupational therapy for oncological patients at the stage of palliative and hospice care has a high efficiency for various indicators, which ultimately leads to an improvement in the quality of life not only of patients but also of their family members who supervise. But on the other hand, physical therapy and occupational therapy are not used enough in this group of patients due to various reasons.
Conclusion. The use of physical therapy and occupational therapy are relevant for palliative oncological patients. It is necessary to introduce it into the health care system more actively, considering the high efficiency of physical therapy and occupational therapy in the practice of interdisciplinary treatment approaches of oncological patients at the stage of palliative and hospice care.
Adding gaseous ammonia with heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties of spruce wood
Authors: Gao Yiqin , Li Li , Chen Yao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Degradation of the mechanical properties of heat-treated wood is a significant problem that needs to be addressed. This study aimed to stabilize the mechanical strength of heat-treated spruce wood by adding gaseous ammonia during the heat treatment. Gaseous ammonia penetrates rapidly into wood and is expected to form ammonium hydroxide when combined with water in the wood. This modification strategy neutralizes the acids produced by the degradation of hemicelluloses and reduces the degradation of the wood polymer composition and cell-wall structure. The preservation of wood polymer composition and cell-wall structure increases the indentation modulus of the wood cell walls. This increases the strength of the wood cell walls, resulting in an improvement in the mechanical properties of the heat-treated wood. The heat-treated wood’s dimensional stability and equilibrium moisture content are only slightly affected by the weak alkalinity modification.
Patterns of Everyday Exchange: Big Historical Data and the Case of the Basel Advertisement Paper, 1729–1844
Authors: Engel Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With concepts like the consumer revolution or the industrious revolution, the changing behaviour of private households in the 18th and early 19th centuries has become of great interest. The article suggests a new way to observe intentions and decisions, by utilizing a database of 850,000 classified ads from the Basel Avisblatt over a span of 116 years. Changes in food prices constantly altered the discretionary income of households, which forced budget-related decisions. By cross-correlating indicators of discretionary income with the changing number of different types of ads, patterns of utilizing the Avisblatt can be identified, and strategies to stabilize discretionary income deduced.