bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proof of the possibility for a public audit of a secret internet voting system
Authors: Khlaponin Yurii , Vyshniakov Volodymyr , Komarnytskyi Oleh 
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to prove the possibility of building a system of secret Internet voting, in which a full-fledged audit is available to all voters and their proxies. A full-fledged audit should be understood as such an audit, in which everything that may be in doubt is checked. The open block of servers was created using Raspberry Pi 3 Model B type minicomputers, which are widely known and well-established. On the basis of an open block of servers, a full-scale model of the system for conducting experimental voting was created and a detailed methodology for a full-fledged audit was developed. This methodology provides for two stages of the audit. In the first stage, voters or their proxies must be present near the server unit. In the second stage, they continue the audit remotely through a dedicated server without losing information about the security of their data. For practical acquaintance with this research, the possibility of experimental voting is given. The experiment can be conducted by anyone at any time through a link on the Internet. Thus, it is shown that not only with traditional secret voting technologies, a full-fledged audit is possible, thanks to which voters have no doubts about maintaining the secrecy of their votes and the honesty of the results. To conduct a full-fledged audit according to the described methodology, it is not require to involve highly qualified specialists, but school education, which is mandatory in many countries, is quite enough. The importance of the results is that the lack of a full-fledged audit of Internet voting systems is the main factor hindering the development of e-democracy. The lack of public auditing of Internet voting systems causes distrust in the possibility of using the Internet to conduct fair elections
Transactional leadership and its effect on supply chain management in manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Langton Irvine , Mafini Chengedzai 
Published: January 2023

The continued lacklustre performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa has brought the quest for lasting solutions. One of the options available is to tap into the areas of leadership and supply chain management (SCM) as potential sources of SME growth.
This study analysed the link between transactional leadership and SCM in manufacturing SMEs in South Africa. The research constructs included transactional leadership, supply chain execution (SCE), and performance.
The research was conducted in Gauteng, North-West and the Free State provinces. Furthermore, the study focused on established manufacturing SMEs, registered with the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA).
A quantitative research approach using a correlational design was used. 411 SME owners, managers and professional employees participated in the study.
Management by exception exerted a positive effect on SCE. In turn, SCE positively impacted customer service (CS) but did not affect supplier performance.
The impact of transactional leadership on the execution of SCM in manufacturing SMEs is minimal and is demonstrated through management by exception. Effective implementation of SCM in these businesses is essential for optimising CS.
Comparative analysis of bank lending to non-financial corporations under the conditions of inflation targeting
Authors: Korneev Volodymyr , Antkiv Volodymyr , Kucherenko Nataliia 
Published: January 2023

The influence of the interest policy of the National Bank of Ukraine on the dynamics of lending to non-financial corporations during the period of using the monetary regime of fixed exchange rate and inflation targeting is considered. It has been proven, that the use of the symmetric corridor of the interest policy of the National Bank of Ukraine has a negative effect on the volume of lending to non-financial corporations, since high rates on deposit certificates of the National Bank of Ukraine create a risk-free and highly profitable instrument for the placement of bank assets, which discourages lending to the real sector of the economy. The absence of a connection between the interest rate policy and the dynamics of the consumer price index and the money supply during the period of inflation targeting is substantiated, which made it possible to prove the low level of effectiveness of the chosen monetary regime.
The aim of the article is to study the problems of bank lending to non-financial corporations of Ukraine in the conditions of inflation targeting and to develop proposals for its stimulation, taking into account foreign experience.
Methods. The methodological basis of the work is the dialectical method of cognition, the position of the theory of monetary policy and credit. The work uses methods of economic and mathematical statistics and methods of correlation analysis to analyze the features of lending to non-financial corporations and the impact of inflation targeting on the dynamics of bank lending; generalization methods for formulating research conclusions.
Results. The monetary regime of inflation targeting is quite often recommended by the International Monetary Fund for implementation in countries with emerging markets as a basic set of central bank tools for regulating inflation and ensuring price stability. However, in conditions of import dependence of the national economies of countries with emerging markets, in addition to changes in the money supply and credit activity of banks, the dynamics of export-import operations and the volume of official reserve assets, which determine the level of the exchange rate, have a decisive influence on the dynamics of the consumer price index, and it, in turn, determines the level of prices for imported goods and services. Neglecting the non-monetary factors of supply inflation during the implementation of the interest policy leads to the limitation of bank lending to non-financial corporations, which in turn reduces the ability of enterprises to increase capital investments at the expense of bank loans, as well as to develop domestic production with high added value and to implement the policy of import substitution. Therefore, for this purpose, it is necessary to use the asymmetric corridor of the central bank's interest policy and stimulate targeted bank lending to non-financial corporations.
Building sustainable cities to address urban sprawl: a reflective analysis towards achieving SDGs
Authors: Mangweta Rakgadi , Mokoele Ngoako J , Monama Sakiel A 
Published: January 2023

The paper aims to evaluate the prospects of building a sustainable city to address urban sprawl in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11. This paper focuses on SDG 11, which is concerned with making sustainable cities and communities. Its objective is to make cities and other populated areas more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable in the long run. Examining some of the problems that impede the SDGs from being accomplished, urbanisation emerges as one of the most significant human endeavours, affecting the standard of urban living and its long-term development in most developing countries. In developing countries, many cities have been burdened with a new normal and culture of growth, driven by urban sprawl, which has led to the sustainable city strategy gaining popularity in recent years. Urbanisation is increasing at an unprecedented rate in many developing countries, threatening the achievement of SDGs due to the proliferation of urban sprawl. Currently, urban areas are home to over 50 % of the world’s population. It is projected, that by 2045 urban areas will be home to more 6 billion people. These have placed severe constraints on local governments, who should be developing sustainable cities and communities in response to urban development to fulfil SDG 11. This makes it impossible to achieve SDG 11 by the projected deadline of 2030. This paper argues that without fundamentally changing how cities are built, developed and populated, sustainability in urban areas cannot be realised. This paper suggests that adequate and ready policy and legislative frameworks are needed to promote sustainable development and prevent urban sprawl in cities.
Development of modern nanotecnologies and combined biotoxicity problems
Authors: Batyuk Liliya , Kizilova Natalia 
Published: January 2023

Fast progress in modern nanotechnologies based on use of nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanotubes with different composition, shape and size allows elaboration of materials with superhigh strength, thermal and electric conductivity, acoustical and optical properties. Those materials are already widely used in industry, transportation, aerospace, marine and civil engineering, food processing and medicine. Some examples of nanoreinforces composites, superhydrophobic self-cleaning surfaces, nanodyes and suspensions of nanoparticles are described. The problem of uncontrolled accumulation of some types of nanoparticles in our cells and tissues is discussed within the concept of nanotoxicity. Since the history of permanent observation of human health in connection with nanodust accumulation in the atmosphere, waters and soils is not enough long, the detailed evidences must be documented, systematized and discussed.
In this study a brief systematic review of literature on the biotoxicity problems caused by modern nanotechnologies is given. Production of the nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanotubes for industry, transportation, food processing, as well as utilization of the used materials which properties were modified by the nanotechnologies leads to permanent rise of the nanodust in the atmosphere, soils, river waters, lakes and the sea bottom. Their uncontrolled interaction with flora and fauna could be catastrophic for human health and life on the Earth. Promising ways for the problem solution and perspectives are discussed. Some own results on the protective action of nanodiamonds, silver and some other nanoparticles are presented. A vital necessity of an open access database on known types of nanoparticles, their use in the materials and documented influence of health of animals and humans is discussed
Correction of the wake-sleep cycle by intranasal administration of dopamine in modeling of the preclinical stage of Parkinson's disease in rats
Authors: Geiko Valentina , Berchenko Olga 
Published: January 2023

Sleep disorders, which are among the earliest and most sensitive non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), are not diagnosed in 40–50 % of patients and are not subject to the necessary correction. In this regard, the ineffectiveness of a late start of treatment, when more than 50 % of dopamine-producing neurons are already affected, dictates the need to search for and develop approaches to the prevention and slowdown of neurodegenerative pathology at the preclinical stages of its development using adequate experimental models. Taking into account the low bioavailability of dopamine (DA) and data on the advantages of the intranasal route of administration in comparison with oral and parenteral methods of drug delivery to the CNS, the aim of the work was to study the neurophysiological features of the wake-sleep cycle as early manifestations of nigrostriatal insufficiency and the effect of intranasal administration of DA on the quality of sleep during the formation of the preclinical stage of PD in rats. It was shown that under the conditions of modeling PD, the cyclic organization of sleep with a predominance of incomplete cycles against the background of hyperproduction of slow-wave sleep and REM phases are early manifestations of nigrostriatal insufficiency. Course administration of DA at a dose of 3 mg/kg is accompanied by the normalization of sleep quality in the form of reduction (by 76 %) in the number of incomplete cycles. The preventive orientation of the obtained effects may indicate a certain therapeutic potential of intranasal delivery of DA to the brain, aimed at slowing down the processes of neurodegeneration and possibly delaying its clinical manifestation
Using Flashcards to Increase Grammar Mastery of MTs Students in Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Armadi Samsu 
Published: January 2023

This study reports the difference of using flashcards and textbooks in teaching grammar for junior school students. The study aimed at examining the hypothesis that read: “flashcards do not improve grammar mastery.” This study used an experimental of post-test only design, implementing an experimental group that received flashcards for the treatments of learning grammar, and the controlled group that received textbooks for learning grammar. The hypothesis testing at p=0.05 and n = 48 indicated that Ho was rejected and the result was significant (t-value = 3.377 and t- table = 1.68). This means flashcards significantly improved grammar mastery. In other words, flashcards as media of teaching grammar is superior than using textbook.
Mechanisms of action of rebamipide in the treatment of chronic erosive gastritis patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pavlenko O. A. , Trynchenkova N. N. , Vorojcova I. N. , Oleynik O. A. , Samoilova Iu. G. , Kharakhulakh M. I. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) and its complications pose a serious medical and social problem. Erosive changes in the gastric mucosa are among the most common lesions of the digestive system in diabetes mellitus, and can lead to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding and early disability of patients.Aim. Substantiation of the effectiveness of rebamipid course treatment based on an assessment of the functional state and antioxidant activity of the supraepithelial gastric mucosa in chronic erosive gastritis in patients with DM-1.Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 12 DM-1 patients with erosive gastritis and 11 healthy individuals was carried out, including FGDS with biopsy of the antrum mucosa and stomach body, exclusion of Helicobacter pylori infection, determination of the biochemical composition of structural glycoproteins of mucus and the concentration of degraded glycoproteins, evaluation of the antiradical activity of the supraepithelial mucous layer of the stomach.Results and discussion. In chronic erosive gastritis in patients with DM-1, a significant predominance of degraded monosaccharides in the supraepithelial mucous layer of the stomach was revealed (6 times higher than in healthy individuals), a decrease in the concentration of polymerized glycoproteins in gastric mucus (21% vs. 80%) and a significant increase in the antiradical activity of mucus. Course treatment of chronic erosive gastritis in patients with type 1 diabetes with rebamipid at a dose of 100 mg 3 times a day for 3 weeks contributes to the normalization of the indicators of glycoproteins of native mucus, antiradical activity of the mucosa and complete epithelization of the erosions of the antrum of the stomach.Conclusions. The use of rebamipid in the treatment of chronic erosive gastritis in patients with type 1 diabetes contributes to reducing the degradation of polymerized glycoproteins of native mucus, normalizing the antiradical activity of the mucosa and complete epithelization of erosions of the antrum of the stomach.
Hospital readmissions of patients with COVID-19: causes, features, outcomes
Authors: Potanina O. N. , Ayrapetyan S. A. , Mazurenko S. O. , Strizheletsky V. V. , Palchikova L. S. , Teplyakova N. A. , Ermolaeva L. G. , Gomon Iu. M. , Semigolovskii N. Yu. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. On average, 10% of patients hospitalized due to new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) will be readmitted. To date, the reasons for readmission and the characteristics of these cases are not fully presented.The aim of the study was to analyze readmissions of COVID-19 patients to identify the causes of readmission, clinical features, examination data and treatment outcomes.Materials and methods. The study was performed retrospectively by using electronic records of the medical cases of the St. Petersburg City Hospital of St. George. Inclusion criteria: 1) the presence of two or more hospitalizations during 2020–2021; 2) COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction within 14 days before or during the first hospitalization, or the detection of changes in the lungs with a high probability associated with COVID-19 during primary computed tomography. One hundred and two people met the specified criteria.Results. In 85% of cases, the cause of re-admission was symptoms of respiratory infection; in 13% – thrombotic events (pulmonary embolism, acute cerebrovascular accident, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities); 12% – severe pain syndrome of various localizations; 11% - infectious and inflammatory processes; 9% – antibiotic-associated diarrhea; 5% – atrial fibrillation and less often other pathologies. Patients with respiratory symptoms had a high degree of respiratory failure, an increase in the volume of affected lung tissue and an increase in the content of various markers of inflammation in the blood when compared with the data of the initial examination. Nine percent of patients died during hospitalization.Conclusions. The leading cause of repeated inpatient treatment of COVID-19 patients were symptoms of reactivation of the infection with a number of indicators of a greater severity of this “second wave” of the disease. Further studies are required to reduce the risk of repeated inpatient treatment.
Assessment of water resources system resilience under hazardous events using system dynamic approach and artificial neural networks
Authors: Stojković Milan , Marjanović Dusan , Rakić Dragan , Ivetić Damjan , Simić Višnja , Milivojević Nikola , Trajković Slaviša 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The objective of this research is to propose a novel framework for assessing the consequences of hazardous events on a water resources system using dynamic resilience. Two types of hazardous events were considered: a severe flood event and an earthquake. Given that one or both hazards have occurred and considering the intensity of those events, the main characteristics of flood dynamic resilience were evaluated. The framework utilizes an artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate dynamic resilience. The ANN was trained using a large, generated dataset that included a wide range of situations, from relatively mild hazards to severe ones. A case study was performed on the Pirot water system (Serbia). Dynamic resilience was derived from the developed system dynamics model alongside the hazardous models implemented. The most extreme hazard combination results in the robustness of 0.04, indicating a combination of an earthquake with a significant magnitude and a flood hydrograph with a low frequency of occurrence. In the case of moderate hazards, the system robustness has a median value of 0.2 and a rapidity median value of 162 h. The ANN's efficacy was quantified using the average relative error metric which equals 2.14% and 1.77% for robustness and rapidity, respectively.
Early warning index of flash flood disaster: a case study of Shuyuan watershed in Qufu City
Authors: Teng Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Jiao Jiamin , Diao Mengyao , Li Wanglin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flash flood disaster is one of the important natural disasters, bringing harm to human life and causing serious economic losses, so it is urgent to improve the accuracy of flash flood warning. To determine the critical rainfall and early warning indicators of disaster prevention objects, the Shuyuan Watershed of Qufu City Shandong Province was selected as the research object, the key disaster prevention objects were screened and finally, Hengmiao Village and Gaolou Village were selected as typical disaster prevention objects. Empirical analysis method, Storm analysis method, and model analysis method were used to calculate the critical rainfall at different times under different soil water content conditions, compare and analyze the rationality and existing problems of these three methods, and comprehensively determine the indicators of typical disaster prevention objects under different circumstances. The results show that the value of the index calculated by the storm analysis method is small and calculated by the model analysis method is large. This paper can improve the accuracy of flash flood warning, select the critical rainfall calculation method according to local conditions, accurately calculate the parameter values, and deal with the problem of effective early warning in the region as a whole.
An Update on the Recent Green Synthetic Approaches for Imidazo[1,2-a] Pyridine: A
Privileged Scaffold
Authors: Bhatt Keval , Patel Dhara , Rathod Mrudangsinh , Patel Ashish , Shah Drashti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is a fused bicyclic heterocycle that is known as a "drug prejudice" scaffold because of its numerous uses in organic and medicinal chemistry for the development of new drugs. As an outcome, numerous techniques for synthesizing this important class of compounds have been established. Some methods, however, are associated with toxic and corrosive catalysts, longer reaction times, poor yields, lower purity, and by-products in addition to the desired product. Green synthetic methods, which include microwave-assisted synthesis, catalyst-free, solvent-free, green solvent-based synthesis, mechanochemistry, and many others, are used to reduce the usage and production of harmful organic substances. These techniques improve reaction efficiency compared to conventional ones and also reduce the utilization and production of hazardous chemicals. Due to the implication of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine backbone as a biologically active ubiquitous fragment and the current demands of reducing toxic solvents, catalysts, and energy consumption, this review focuses on providing comprehensive highlights of the recent green synthetic pathways for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
Multi-target Polypharmacology of 4-aminoquinoline Compounds against
Malaria, Tuberculosis and Cancer
Authors: Nandi Sisir , Chauhan Bhumika , Tarannum Heena , Khede Mayank Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Polypharmacology means drugs having interactions with multiple targets of a unique disease or many disease pathways. This concept has been greatly appreciated against complex diseases, such as oncology, CNS disorders, and anti-infectives.

Methods:
The integration of diverse compounds available on public databases initiates polypharma-cological drug discovery research. Immunocompromised patients may suffer from complex diseas-es. Multiple-component drug formulations may produce side effects and resistance issues due to un-intended drug-target interactions.

Results:
Polypharmacology remains a novel avenue to propose a more effective and less toxic treatment. The 4-amino quinoline scaffold has become an important construction motif for the de-velopment of new drugs against lifestyle diseases like cancer and infectious diseases like tuberculo-sis and malaria.

Conclusion:
The present study is an attempt to explore the polypharmacological effects of 4-aminoquinoline drugs to combat malaria, cancer, and tuberculosis.