bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision‐making under flood predictions: A risk perception study of coastal real estate
Authors: Seenath Avidesh , Mahadeo Scott Mark Romeo , Blackett Matthew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFlood models, while representing our best knowledge of a natural phenomenon, are continually evolving. Their predictions, albeit undeniably important for flood risk management, contain considerable uncertainties related to model structure, parameterization, and input data. With multiple sources of flood predictions becoming increasingly available through online flood maps, the uncertainties in these predictions present considerable risks related to property devaluation. Such risks stem from real estate decisions, measured by location preferences and willingness‐to‐pay to buy and rent properties, based on access to various sources of flood predictions. Here, we evaluate the influence of coastal flood predictions on real estate decision‐making in the United Kingdom by adopting an interdisciplinary approach, involving flood modeling, novel experimental willingness‐to‐pay real estate surveys of UK residents in response to flood predictions, statistical modeling, and geospatial analysis. Our main findings show that access to multiple sources of flood predictions dominates real estate decisions relative to preferences for location aesthetics, reflecting a shift in demand toward risk averse locations. We also find that people do not consider flood prediction uncertainty in their real estate decisions, possibly due to an inability to perceive such uncertainty. These results are robust under a repeated experimental survey using an open access long‐term flood risk map. We, therefore, recommend getting flood models “right” but recognize that this is a contentious issue because it implies having an error‐free model, which is practically impossible. Hence, to reduce real estate risks, we advocate for a greater emphasis on effectively communicating flood model predictions and their uncertainties to non‐experts.
The Impacts of Intellectual‐Property Related Preferential Trade Agreements on Bilateral Patent Applications
Authors: Howard Jacob , Maskus Keith E. , Ridley William 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntellectual property rights (IPRs) are a central emphasis in the negotiation of “deep” preferential trade agreements (PTAs) containing provisions on domestic regulatory policy. These provisions require member countries to adopt IPRs standards going beyond the baseline requirements of the World Trade Organization's TRIPS agreement. We use a structural gravity framework to study the effects of membership in such PTAs on bilateral international patenting, considering both within‐agreement applications and registrations between members and non‐members. We explore the heterogeneity of these effects arising from various attributes of different agreements. Our findings suggest that strong and enforceable IPRs standards in PTAs generate positive impacts on international patenting, albeit with significant disparities across agreement types. Agreements with multiple TRIPS‐Plus norms increase patenting among members compared with patenting from outside those areas, while other types encourage more patenting from non‐members.
Sustained Improvement in Medical Students' Academic Performance in Renal Physiology Through the Application of Flipped Classroom
Authors: Thongsricome Thana , Longsomboon Rahat , Srithawatpong Nattacha , Atchariyapakorn Sarunyapong , Kaikaew Kasiphak , Wangsaturaka Danai 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTeaching renal physiology is problematic in many medical schools since conventional passive learning might not be effective. Active learnings including flipped classroom (FC) have been introduced to medical education including renal physiology topic recently, but no study regarding long‐term outcomes has been reported.ApproachTwo classes of second‐year medical students were compared. The former class studied with conventional lecture and the latter class studied with FC. Our FC includes asynchronous instructor‐made recorded lectures that students can study according to their pace and available time, followed by synchronous case discussions related to the lecture topic. There were post‐test quizzes for all recorded lectures along with the given explanation of the answers after finishing each quiz. Short‐term topic understanding and long‐term knowledge retention assessed with summative examination and end‐of‐preclerkship comprehensive examination, respectively, were compared. Attitude towards FC was also assessed.EvaluationStudents in the FC group performed better in both summative examination (70.1 ± 8.9 vs. 62.8 ± 9.9, p < 0.001, a total score of 90) and comprehensive examination (6.5 ± 2.2 vs. 5.9 ± 1.8, p < 0.001, a total score of 11). Most students agreed that FC should be applied despite the increased stress level and that the post‐test quizzes were very helpful. Intriguingly, the multivariate analysis showed that male students performed better than female students for both examinations.ImplicationsWell‐designed FC is a promising and highly effective method in renal physiology teaching. Cautions for the instructor include students' stress and gender differences in academic performance.Well‐designed FC is a promising and highly effective method in renal physiology teaching.
Navigating the Boundaries of Health and Identity: Medical Students' Perspectives
Authors: Bull S. , Danso‐Bamfo S. , Ogden J. , Kumar S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMedical professionals do not always manage their own health in an optimal way. Research conducted on medical students' response to illness is limited; however, some studies suggest they choose to self‐manage and seek advice outside of the traditional pathways of care. This study aims to understand how medical students perceive and manage their health as they transition through medical school.MethodsIndividual semistructured interviews with 10 medical students from one institution in England were conducted. Interviews explored students' experiences of managing their own physical and mental health and the health of family and friends, and how they could be better supported at medical school. Thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsFour themes were described reflecting: the different sources of learning that students used to construct their notion of health and how these changed during their training; how these notions of health influenced the practices that students used for good and bad self‐care; how they held multiple identities of a lay person and somebody with medical status that could result in conflicts and tensions; finally, students suggested supportive practices including creating a safe space for reflection and the discussion of conflict.DiscussionBecoming a doctor can result in many tensions as students develop increasingly medicalised notions of health that may lead to poor self‐care. Creating spaces within the curriculum to discuss the privileges and tensions that arise from training to be a doctor may yield future benefits for the medical profession and patient care.
Resource‐Rational Virtual Bargaining for Moral Judgment: Toward a Probabilistic Cognitive Model
Authors: Trujillo Diego , Zhang Mindy , Zhi‐Xuan Tan , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Levine Sydney 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent theoretical work has argued that moral psychology can be understood through the lens of “resource rational contractualism.” The view posits that the best way of making a decision that affects other people is to get everyone together to negotiate under idealized conditions. The outcome of that negotiation is an arrangement (or “contract”) that would lead to mutual benefit. However, this ideal is seldom (if ever) practical given the resource demands (time, information, computational processing power) that are required. Instead, the theory proposes that moral psychology is organized around a series of resource‐rational approximations of the contractualist ideal, efficiently trading off between more resource‐intensive, accurate mechanisms and less. This paper presents empirical evidence and a cognitive model that test a central claim of this view: when the stakes of the situation are high, then more resource‐intensive processes are engaged over more approximate ones. We present subjects with a case that can be judged using virtual bargaining—a resource‐intensive process that involves simulating what two people would agree to—or by simply following a standard rule. We find that about a third of our participants use the resource‐rational approach, flexibly switching to virtual bargaining in high‐stakes situations, but deploying the simple rule when stakes are low. A third of the participants are best modeled as consistently using the strict rule‐based approach and the remaining third as consistently using virtual bargaining. A model positing the reverse resource‐rational hypothesis (that participants use more resource‐intensive mechanisms in lower stakes situations) fails to capture the data.
Cortical coding of gustatory and thermal signals in active licking mice
Authors: Nash Audrey N. , Shakeshaft Morgan , Bouaichi Cecilia G. , Odegaard Katherine E. , Needham Tom , Bauer Martin , Bertram Richard , Vincis Roberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEating behaviours are influenced by the integration of gustatory, olfactory and somatosensory signals, which all contribute to the perception of flavour. Although extensive research has explored the neural correlates of taste in the gustatory cortex (GC), less is known about its role in encoding thermal information. This study investigates the encoding of oral thermal and chemosensory signals by GC neurons compared to the oral somatosensory cortex. In this study we recorded the spiking activity of more than 900 GC neurons and 500 neurons from the oral somatosensory cortex in mice allowed to freely lick small drops of gustatory stimuli or deionized water at varying non‐nociceptive temperatures. We then developed and used a Bayesian‐based analysis technique to assess neural classification scores based on spike rate and phase timing within the lick cycle. Our results indicate that GC neurons rely predominantly on rate information, although phase information is needed to achieve maximum accuracy, to effectively encode both chemosensory and thermosensory signals. GC neurons can effectively differentiate between thermal stimuli, excelling in distinguishing both large contrasts (14 vs. 36°C) and, although less effectively, more subtle temperature differences. Finally a direct comparison of the decoding accuracy of thermosensory signals between the two cortices reveals that whereas the somatosensory cortex exhibited higher overall accuracy, the GC still encodes significant thermosensory information. These findings highlight the GC's dual role in processing taste and temperature, emphasizing the importance of considering temperature in future studies of taste processing.
imageKey points
Flavour perception relies on gustatory, olfactory and somatosensory integration, with the gustatory cortex (GC) central to taste processing.
GC neurons also respond to temperature, but the specifics of how the GC processes taste and oral thermal stimuli remain unclear.
The focus of this study is on the role of GC neurons in the encoding of oral thermal information, particularly compared to the coding functions of the oral somatosensory cortex.
We found that whereas the somatosensory cortex shows a higher classification accuracy for distinguishing water temperature, the GC still encodes a substantial amount of thermosensory information.
These results emphasize the importance of including temperature as a key factor in future studies of cortical taste coding.
Health and tuberculosis systems resilience, the role of the private sector and pandemic preparedness: insights from a cross-country qualitative study with policy-makers in India, Indonesia and Nigeria
Authors: Brubacher Laura Jane , Yellappa Vijayashree , Lestari Bony Wiem , Heitkamp Petra , Aguilera Vasquez Nathaly , Sassi Angelina , Olusola-Faleye Bolanle , Thapa Poshan , Shyam Klinton Joel , Sheokand Surbhi , Pai Madhukar , Oga-Omenka Charity 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented challenge to health systems worldwide and had a severe impact on tuberculosis (TB) case notifications and service delivery. India, Indonesia and Nigeria are high TB-burden countries where the majority of initial care-seeking happens in the private health sector. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore policy-makers’ perspectives on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on private sector TB service delivery in India, Indonesia and Nigeria and (2) identify cross-cutting insights for pandemic preparedness with respect to TB service delivery.MethodsFrom May to November 2021, 33 interviews were conducted with key policy-makers involved in health service administration, TB service delivery and/or the COVID-19 response in India, Indonesia and Nigeria (n=11 in each country). Interviews focused on the impact of COVID-19 on TB services and lessons learnt for pandemic preparedness with respect to TB in each study context. Data were analysed thematically using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach, informed by Haldaneet al’s Determinants of Health Systems Resilience Framework.ResultsPolicy-makers highlighted the crucial role of intersectoral collaboration, effective governance, innovative financing strategies, health workforce reallocation and technological advancements such as virtual consultations and mHealth in strengthening TB service delivery amid the COVID-19 pandemic. India relied on patient–provider support agencies to implement a joint strategy for TB care across sectors and states. Indonesia engaged networks of private provider professional associations to facilitate coordination of the COVID-19 response. Nigeria implemented a pandemic policy for public–private referral for the continuity of TB care.ConclusionsCountries implemented varied measures to support TB service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study presents insights from three countries (India, Indonesia and Nigeria) that together offer a ‘menu’ of possibilities for supporting pandemic preparedness with respect to TB care vis-à-vis strengthening health systems resilience.
Interventions to prevent violence against women and girls globally: a global systematic review of reviews to update the RESPECT women framework
Authors: Ullman Chelsea , Amin Avni , Bourassa Angela , Chandarana Shikha , Dutra Flávia , Ellsberg Mary 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe field of violence against women and girls (VAWG) prevention research has rapidly advanced, with ample evidence now demonstrating that VAWG is preventable. The aim of this systematic review of reviews is to update the evidence that underpins the RESPECT women framework with the newest available evidence from 2013 onward.MethodsAcademic and non-academic databases were searched using terms related to VAWG prevention (January 2013–April 2022). Evaluations had to have a target population of women or girls aged 10 and older. Data were extracted from included reviews, and AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the risk of bias in systematic reviews. The primary outcome of interest was change in any form of VAWG, including physical, sexual and emotional intimate partner violence and sexual violence and harassment from non-partners, including child and adolescent sexual abuse.ResultsFrom the thousands of articles screened, 178 were included in this study. Six (3%) reviews focused on interventions that aim to strengthen relationship skills, 14 (8%) focused on empowerment of women and girls, 79 (44%) on services for survivors, 5 (3%) on poverty reduction, 16 (9%) on creating safe environments, 36 (20%) on preventing child and adolescent abuse and 22 (12%) on transforming gender attitudes, beliefs and norms. Little new evidence has emerged to meaningfully change the nature and strength of evidence for interventions related to relationship skills strengthening and poverty reduction. However, there is new evidence to reflect the effectiveness of select types of interventions across settings in the other five strategies.ConclusionDespite progress in VAWG prevention research, significant gaps in the evidence base persist. Further research is needed to explore intervention areas and marginalised populations in various contexts. Several programmatic approaches exhibiting efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries remain unexplored and unevaluated in high-income countries, and vice versa, warranting further adaptation and evaluation.
Improving the provision of clinical pharmacy services in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative study in tertiary health facilities in Tanzania
Authors: Mwakawanga Dorkasi L , Mutagonda Ritah F , Mlyuka Hamu J , Mikomangwa Wigilya P , Kilonzi Manase , Kibanga Wema A , Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Mallya Bertha , Katabalo Deogratias , Sanga Sofia , Kalokola Fredrick , Rwegasha John , Magambo Rose , Mmassy John , Kabissi Sungwa , Balati Josephine A , Maduki Peter , Minzi Omary Mashiku , Kamuhabwa Appolinary A R 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe provision of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) in low- and middle-income countries is still low. The reported challenges in providing CPS include healthcare structures, public policies, resources, workforce, culture and education inequalities. This study aimed to explore the strategies to improve the provision of CPS in tertiary health facilities in Tanzania.MethodsThis study was conducted between August and September 2021. We adopted an exploratory qualitative study to conduct 14 in-depth interviews with hospital administrators and 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) with healthcare providers. A purposeful sampling technique was used to recruit 97 participants, including 45 pharmacists, 31 medical doctors and 21 nurses across five tertiary healthcare institutions. Of those, 14 hospital administrators participated in 14 IDIs and 83 healthcare workers divided into 10 FGDs. Analysis was done using a qualitative thematic approach.ResultsThe study identified several strategies that fall under four major themes: (i) strengthen preservice training by reviewing the Bachelor of Pharmacy training curriculum to include clinical pharmacy components; (ii) improve continuing professional training through regular provision of on-job training to pharmacists; (iii) revise the scope of work for pharmacists to include CPS provision in the job description; and (iv) improve operational environment by ensuring availability of guidelines, policies, and adequate number of pharmacists and good inter-professional communication skills.ConclusionsThis study’s findings highlight that improving CPS provision requires strengthening pharmacists’ training, scope of work and operational environment. The latter calls for multifaceted engagement from pharmacists, training institutions, policymakers, regulatory bodies and health systems for sustainable progress.
High tackle headache: implications of referee agreement for tackle height law change
Authors: Leese Ruth , Kolstad Ash , Sant'Anna Ricardo T , McKay Carly D , West Stephen W 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesRugby Union has a relatively high risk of injury. Early evidence suggests a benefit of lowering tackle height to reduce head and neck injuries, although concerns persist among stakeholders regarding implementation challenges. This study aimed to understand whether referees can reach the same conclusion regarding tackle height in a controlled environment (ie, video) and whether priming influenced these decisions.MethodsForty-eight active referees completed a questionnaire based on high-tackle decision-making guidelines after watching tackles. Participants were randomly assigned one of two instructional videos containing a high or legal tackle to investigate the impact of priming on law interpretation.ResultsThe percent agreement regarding tackle height was 78.1% between participants, 62.7% between participants and an experienced analyst, and 74.0% between participants and a gold-standard referee. Mean intra-rater reliability when determining whether a tackle was high was substantial (percent agreement: 91.2%). For high tackles, 83% of participants agreed on the danger level, 57% on the contact location and 71% on the presence of mitigating factors. No significant effects of priming were observed. Inter-rater agreement among participants and the gold-standard referee was moderate for all items except danger and height, which showed strong agreement.ConclusionThese results suggest a need for improved referee training to support changes to the legal tackle height.
Hadron momentum spectra from analytical solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics
Authors: Ali Mahammad Sabir , Biswas Deeptak , Jaiswal Amaresh , Singh Sushant K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present analytical solution of relativistic hydrodynamics for a system having cylindrical symmetry with boost-invariant longitudinal expansion and Hubble-like transverse expansion. We also consider analytical solution for Hubble-like spherically expanding system. For these two cases, we calculate analytical expression for transverse momentum spectra of hadrons, at constant temperature freeze-out hypersurface using Cooper–Frye prescription. We compare our results for transverse momentum spectra with experimental results from Large Hadron Collider and CERN SPS where one expects cylindrical and spherical geometry of the fireball, respectively. In the case of low-energy collisions with spherical geometry, we calculate rapidity spectra and compare with the results from CERN SPS.
METTL3/miR‐192‐5p/SCD1 Axis Regulates Lipid Metabolism to Affect T Cell Differentiation in Asthma
Authors: Chen Zhengrong , Yan Dingwei , Guo Suyu , Song Yiyi , Zhang Xinxing , Gu Wenjing , Dong Heting , Huang Li 
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying T‐cell differentiation in asthma.Methods and Results: Flow cytometry was performed to detect Th cells. LC‐MS/MS was performed to assess lipid metabolism. HE staining was performed to assess the pathological changes of the lung tissues. ELISA was performed to detect cytokine levels. The results of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot showed that miR‐192‐5p expression was decreased, while SCD1 expression was increased in CD4+T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of children with asthma. The dual luciferase reporter assay determined the direct interaction between miR‐192‐5p and SCD1. MiR‐192‐5p inhibitor reduced ASCL3 and PPARα, increased FASN and SREBP1c mRNA expression and protein levels in mouse spleen CD4+T cells, and elevated Th2 and Th17 cells, but these effects were reversed by the SCD1 inhibitor. Oleic acid (OA) reduced Th1 cells and increased Th2 and Th17 cells in mouse spleen CD4+T cells treated with an SCD1 inhibitor. Additionally, pri‐miR‐192‐5p expression was increased in CD4+T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of asthmatic children, and the deletion of METTL3 upregulated pri‐miR‐192‐5p expression in an m6A‐dependent manner. MiR‐192‐5p mimic and inhibitor both reversed miR‐192‐5p and SCD1 expression affected by overexpression or deletion of METTL3, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, METTL3 overexpression attenuated lung inflammation, elevated Th1 cells, and reduced Th2 and Th17 cells in CD4+T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of asthmatic mice. These effects were reversed by the miR‐192‐5p inhibitor.Conclusion: These results suggest that METTL3/miR‐192‐5p/SCD1 axis regulates lipid metabolism and affects T cell differentiation, thus affecting asthma progression. This study may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of asthma and a new treatment strategy.