bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients after nationwide direct antiviral agents therapy—experience of 10 Romanian HD centers
Authors: Marc Luciana , Mihaescu Adelina , Lupusoru Raluca , Schiller Oana , Bob Flaviu , Chisavu Lazar , Bende Felix , Sirli Roxana , Schiller Adalbert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
End-stage kidney disease patients (ESKD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) are at a greater risk of hepatitis virus (HV) infections due to the invasive nature of the procedures, frequent hospital stays and surgeries, as well as the immune deficiency status of ESKD.

The aim
This study was to reassess the hepatitis virus infections prevalence in the HD population in Romania after 5 years of oral DAAs therapy and assess the impact on HD patients’ outcomes in two cohorts (2015 and 2019).

Methods
We compared ESKD patients treated with HD in 10 HD centers from the historical regions of Romania in 2015 (n = 1401, Mean age 59.7 ± 12.92 years) with patients treated in the same centers in 2019 (n = 1698, mean age 61 ± 12.93 years). All patients went through HD therapy for more than 90 days.

Results
The patients from the 2019 cohort were significantly older (p = 0.005), had a longer duration of HD therapy (p < 0.0001), and had more vascular calcifications (p = 0.015); the crude one-year mortality rate did not differ from the 2015 cohort (9.9 vs. 10.7%, p = 0.46). The prevalence of HBV infection did not differ between the cohorts (4.7% vs. 4.8, p = 0.604) but the prevalence of HCV significantly decreased from 2015 to 2019 (16.9 vs. 10.5%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
After 15 years of a nationwide infection prevention program for HV infections and 5 years of DAAs treatment in Romania, the prevalence of HBV did not change but HCV infections decreased significantly, however, it still remained high.
Dosage concentration and pulsing frequency affect the degradation efficiency in simulated bacterial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading cultures
Authors: Vogel Anjela L. , Thompson Katharine J. , Kleindienst Sara , Zarfl Christiane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA major source of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inputs into marine environments are diffuse emissions which result in low PAH concentrations in the ocean water, posing a potential threat for the affected ecosystems. However, the remediation of low-dosage PAH contaminations through microbial processes remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a process-based numerical model to simulate batch cultures receiving repeated low-dosage naphthalene pulses compared to the conventionally used one-time high-dosage. Pulsing frequency as well as dosage concentration had a large impact on the degradation efficiency. After 10 days, 99.7%, 97.2%, 86.6%, or 83.5% of the 145 mg L−1 naphthalene was degraded when given as a one-time high-dosage or in 2, 5, or 10 repeated low-concentration dosages equally spaced throughout the experiment, respectively. If the simulation was altered, giving the system that received 10 pulses time to recover to 99.7%, pulsing patterns affected the degradation of naphthalene. When pulsing 10 days at once per day, naphthalene accumulated following each pulse and if the degradation was allowed to continue until the recovered state was reached, the incubation time was prolonged to 17 days with a generation time of 3.81 days. If a full recovery was conditional before the next pulse was added, the scenario elongated to 55 days and generation time increased to 14.15 days. This indicates that dissolution kinetics dominate biodegradation kinetics, and the biomass concentration of PAH-degrading bacteria alone is not a sufficient indicator for quantifying active biodegradation. Applying those findings to the environment, a one-time input of a high dosage is potentially degraded faster than repeated low-dosage PAH pollution and repeated low-dosage input could lead to PAH accumulation in vulnerable pristine environments. Further research on the overlooked field of chronic low-dosage PAH contamination is necessary.
Recruitment rates and strategies in exercise trials in cancer survivorship: a systematic review
Authors: Reynolds Sophie A. , O’Connor Louise , McGee Anna , Kilcoyne Anna Quinn , Connolly Archie , Mockler David , Guinan Emer , O’Neill Linda 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite clear evidence-based supporting a benefit to exercise on physical and psychological metrics in patients with cancer, recruitment to exercise trials amongst cancer survivors is suboptimal. We explore current recruitment rates, strategies, and common barriers to participation in exercise oncology trials in cancer survivorship.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted using a pre-defined search strategy in EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search was performed up to 28/02/2022. Screening of titles and abstracts, full-text review, and data extraction was completed in duplicate.

Results
Of the 3204 identified studies, 87 papers corresponding to 86 trials were included. Recruitment rates were highly variable with a median rate of 38% (range 0.52–100%). Trials recruiting prostate cancer patients only had the highest median recruitment rate (45.9%) vs trials recruiting colorectal cancer patients only which had the lowest (31.25%). Active recruitment strategies such as direct recruitment via a healthcare professional were associated with higher recruitment rates (rho = 0.201, p = 0.064). Common reasons for non-participation included lack of interest (46.51%, n (number of studies) = 40); distance and transport (45.3%, n = 39); and failure to contact (44.2%, n = 38).

Conclusions
Recruitment of cancer survivors to exercise interventions is suboptimal with barriers being predominantly patient-oriented. This paper provides the benchmark for current recruitment rates to exercise oncology trials, providing data for trialists planning future trial design and implementation, optimise future recruitment strategies, and evaluate their own recruitment success against current practice.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Enhanced recruitment to cancer survivorship exercise trials is necessary in facilitating the publication of definitive exercise guidelines, generalisable to varying cancer cohorts.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020185968.
Novel combination method of wide-range serial sectioning and 3D reconstruction visualizing both macro-level dynamics and micro-level interactions in an attempt to analyze the female pelvic floor
Authors: Muro Satoru , Akita Keiichi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present report presents details of the method for combining wide-range serial sectioning and 3D reconstruction using an adult cadaver. For several decades, anatomists have utilized a variety of non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) visualization methods to complement gross anatomical analysis methods. These include vascular casting for the visualization of vascular morphology and micro-CT for the visualization of bone morphology. However, these conventional methods are restricted by the properties and sizes of the target structures. Here, we introduce a method to conduct 3D reconstruction based on wide-range serial histological sections from adult cadavers, which overcomes previous restrictions. An attempt at 3D visualization of the female pelvic floor muscles provides a detailed description of the procedure. Supplemental video and 3D PDF files allow multifaceted observation of 3D images. Wide-range serial sectioning visualizes morphology beyond the scope of conventional methods, while 3D reconstruction enables non-destructive 3D visualization of any structure that can be observed on a histological section, including skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, ligaments, cartilage, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymph nodes, and glands. The novel combination of both methods is instrumental in meso-anatomy, a discipline intermediate between macro-anatomy and micro-anatomy.
The impacts of dumping sites on the marine environment: a system dynamics approach
Authors: Mousavi S. Hooman , Kavianpour M. R. , Alcaraz Jorge Luis García 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe various forms of anthropogenic pollution of seas and oceans have been extensively studied in recent decades. The most significant factors are the destructive environmental impacts of marine dumping sites. These sites put soil and coastline, water quality, mangroves and coral reefs, marine animals, food chains and plankton, and fishery at serious risk and alter the surrounding economic, social, and cultural conditions. The destruction of marine ecosystems by dumping sites causes severe environmental damage. With the ever-increasing anthropogenic environmental pollution of the seas and the drastic reduction in the self-purification mechanism of marine ecosystems, it is necessary to charter practical solutions with a holistic perspective and implement novel designs using system dynamics. System thinking and system analysis are essential tools in analyzing and solving important economic and management issues. System analysis investigates and evaluates the system complexities, determines the relationship between all factors, and then presents appropriate solutions to the problem. The increasing severity of the problems caused by marine dumping in recent years and the existing research gap in this area have highlighted the need for effective, comprehensive, and integrated solutions. The process of findings such solutions is critical and challenging. This study explores the most significant factors that directly and indirectly impact marine life using system dynamics.
Modeling air quality PM2.5 forecasting using deep sparse attention-based transformer networks
Authors: Zhang Z. , Zhang S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAir quality forecasting is of great importance in environmental protection, government decision-making, people's daily health, etc. Existing research methods have failed to effectively modeling long-term and complex relationships in time series PM2.5 data and exhibited low precision in long-term prediction. To address this issue, in this paper a new lightweight deep learning model using sparse attention-based Transformer networks (STN) consisting of encoder and decoder layers, in which a multi-head sparse attention mechanism is adopted to reduce the time complexity, is proposed to learn long-term dependencies and complex relationships from time series PM2.5 data for modeling air quality forecasting. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets in China, i.e., Beijing PM2.5 dataset and Taizhou PM2.5 dataset, show that our proposed method not only has relatively small time complexity, but also outperforms state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed STN method on both short-term and long-term air quality prediction tasks. In particular, on singe-step PM2.5 forecasting tasks our proposed method achieves R2 of 0.937 and reduces RMSE to 19.04 µg/m3 and MAE to 11.13 µg/m3 on Beijing PM2.5 dataset. Also, our proposed method obtains R2 of 0.924 and reduces RMSE to 5.79 µg/m3 and MAE to 3.76 µg/m3 on Taizhou PM2.5 dataset. For long-term time step prediction, our proposed method still performs best among all used methods on multi-step PM2.5 forecasting results for the next 6, 12, 24, and 48 h on two real-world datasets.
Recovery and sequelae in 523 adults and children with tick-borne encephalitis in Germany
Authors: Nygren Teresa M. , Pilic Antonia , Böhmer Merle M. , Wagner-Wiening Christiane , Wichmann Ole , Hellenbrand Wiebke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite being vaccine-preventable, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) continues to cause considerable morbidity in Germany. Limited insight into potentially debilitating consequences of TBE may partially underly low (~ 20%) TBE vaccine uptake. We aimed to systematically assess TBE sequelae and other consequences.

Methods
Routinely notified TBE patients from 2018 to 2020 from Southern Germany were invited to telephone interviews acutely and again after 18 months. Duration of acute symptoms was prospectively assessed. Recovery was defined as score 0 on the modified RANKIN scale. Determinants of time to recovery were analysed with cox regression, adjusted for covariates identified using directed acyclic graphs, yielding hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Of 558 cases, 523 (93.7%) completed follow-up. Full recovery was reported by 67.3% (children: 94.9%, adults: 63.8%). Sequelae included fatigue (17.0%), weakness (13.4%), concentration deficit (13.0%), and impaired balance (12.0%). Compared with 18–39-year-olds, recovery rates were 44% lower in ≥ 50-year-olds (HR: 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.75) and 79% higher in children (HR: 1.79, 95%CI 1.25–2.56). The recovery rate was 64% lower after severe TBE (compared to mild; HR: 0.36, 95%CI 0.25–0.52) and 22% lower with comorbidities (HR: 0.78, 95%CI 0.62–0.99). Substantial health-care use was reported (90.1% hospitalisation, 39.8% rehabilitation). Of employed cases, 88.4% required sick leave; 10.3% planned/reported premature retirement due to sequelae.

Conclusion
Half the adult and 5% of paediatric patients reported persisting sequelae after 18 months. Improved prevention could alleviate both individual (morbidity) and societal TBE burden (health-care costs, productivity losses). Insights into sequelae can help guide at-risk populations towards tick-avoidant strategies and encourage TBE vaccination.
Exploring biopsychosocial correlates of pregnancy risk and pregnancy intention in women with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ralston Elizabeth R. , Smith Priscilla , Clark Katherine , Wiles Kate ,   RaDaR CKD Pregnancy Group, Chilcot Joseph , Bramham Kate 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Women with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and renal outcomes. It is unknown how women with CKD understand their pregnancy risk. This nine-centre, cross-sectional study aimed to explore how women with CKD perceive their pregnancy risk and its impact on pregnancy intention, and identify associations between biopsychosocial factors and perception of pregnancy risk and intention.

Methods
Women with CKD in the UK completed an online survey measuring their pregnancy preferences; perceived CKD severity; perception of pregnancy risk; pregnancy intention; distress; social support; illness perceptions and quality of life. Clinical data were extracted from local databases. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Trial registration: NCT04370769.

Results
Three hundred fifteen women participated, with a median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 64 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 56). Pregnancy was important or very important in 234 (74%) women. Only 108 (34%) had attended pre-pregnancy counselling. After adjustment, there was no association between clinical characteristics and women’s perceived pregnancy risk nor pregnancy intention. Women’s perceived severity of their CKD and attending pre-pregnancy counselling were independent predictors of perceived pregnancy risk. Importance of pregnancy was an independent predictor of pregnancy intention but there was no correlation between perceived pregnancy risk and pregnancy intention (r = − 0.002, 95% CI − 0.12 to 0.11).

Discussion
Known clinical predictors of pregnancy risk for women with CKD were not associated with women’s perceived pregnancy risk nor pregnancy intention. Importance of pregnancy in women with CKD is high, and influences pregnancy intention, whereas perception of pregnancy risk does not.

Graphical abstract
Allgemeine und arbeitsplatzbezogene Risikofaktoren von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen und deren Bestimmungsmethoden
Authors: Holzgreve Fabian , Schulte Lisa , Oremek Gerhard , Ohlendorf Daniela 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungMuskuloskelettale Erkrankungen sind weltweit die häufigste Ursache für Schmerzen und Beeinträchtigungen der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und werden häufig mit reduzierter Lebensqualität sowie einer negativen Wirkung auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden assoziiert. Verschiedene Risikofaktoren können dabei für die Entstehung von Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen im betrieblichen Umfeld verantwortlich sein. So können biomechanische Belastungen durch körperliche Anforderungen, die Einwirkung physikalischer, Veränderungen in der Arbeitsorganisation oder psychosoziale Faktoren ursächlich sein. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wird die revidierte Arbeitsmedizinische Regel 13.2 als wesentlicher Maßstab zur Beurteilung arbeitsplatzbezogener Risiken körperlicher Belastung angeführt. Für die Gefährdungsbeurteilung physischer Belastungen wurden im multizentrischen MEGAPHYS-Projekt (mehrstufige Gefährdungsanalyse physischer Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz) neue Maßstäbe von der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) und Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) gesetzt. Diese werden hier vorgestellt und mit weiteren Verfahren zur Gefährdungsbeurteilung aus dem internationalen Raum verglichen. Im Zuge der arbeitsmedizinischen Beurteilung obliegt die Auswahl der Methode dem Anwender, das ausgewählte Verfahren sollte den jeweiligen Arbeitsplatz und dessen Charakteristika bestmöglich erfassen und einstufen. In diesem Artikel werden gängige Methoden vorgestellt, um arbeitsbezogene Risikofaktoren für Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen zu identifizieren.
Software Citations in Political Science
Authors: Arel-Bundock Vincent , McCrain Joshua 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTPolitical scientists rely on complex software to conduct research, and much of the software they use is written and distributed for free by other researchers. This article contends that creating and maintaining these public goods is costly for individual software developers but that it is not adequately incentivized by the academic community. We demonstrate that statistical software is used widely but rarely cited in political science, and we highlight a partial solution to this problem: software bibliographies. To facilitate their creation, we introduce softbib, an R package that scans analysis scripts, detects the software used in those scripts, and automatically creates bibliographies. We hope that recognizing the contribution of software developers to science will encourage more scholars to create public goods, which could yield important downstream benefits.
Analytical Model of Foreshock Ion Interaction With a Discontinuity: A Statistical Study
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Vu Andrew , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen a solar wind discontinuity interacts with foreshock ions, foreshock transients such as hot flow anomalies and foreshock bubbles can form. These create significant dynamic pressure perturbations disturbing the bow shock, magnetopause, and magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. However, presently these phenomena are not predictable. In the accompanying paper, we derived analytical equations of foreshock ion partial gyration around a discontinuity and the resultant current density. In this study, we utilize the derived current density strength to model the energy conversion from the foreshock ions, which drives the outward motion or expansion of the solar wind plasma away from the discontinuity. We show that the model expansion speeds match those from local hybrid simulations for varying foreshock ion parameters. Using MMS, we conduct a statistical study showing that the model expansion speeds are moderately correlated with the magnetic field strength variations and the dynamic pressure decreases around discontinuities with correlation coefficients larger than 0.5. We use conjunctions between ARTEMIS and MMS to show that the model expansion speeds are typically large for those already‐formed foreshock transients. Our results show that our model can be reasonably successful in predicting significant dynamic pressure disturbances caused by foreshock ion‐discontinuity interactions. We discuss ways to improve the model in the future.
Comparing Urban Anthropogenic NMVOC Measurements With Representation in Emission Inventories—A Global Perspective
Authors: von Schneidemesser Erika , McDonald Brian C. , Denier van der Gon Hugo , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Borbon Agnes , Dominutti Pamela , Huang Ganlin , Jansens‐Maenhout Greet , Li Meng , Ou‐Yang Chang‐Feng , Tisinai Shelby , Wang Jia‐Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmission inventories are a critical basis for air quality and climate modeling, as well as policy decisions. Non‐methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) are key precursor compounds in ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. Accurately representing NMVOCs in emission inventories is crucial for understanding atmospheric chemistry, the impact of policy measures, and climate projections. Improving NMVOC representation in emission inventories is fraught with challenges, ranging from the lack of (long‐term) NMVOC measurements, limited efforts in updating emission factors, to the diversity of NMVOC species reactivity. Here we take an initial step to evaluate the representation of urban NMVOC speciation in an emission inventory (EDGARv4.3.2 and EDGARv6.1) at the global level. To compare the urban measurements of NMVOCs to the emission inventory estimates, ratios of individual NMVOCs to acetylene are used. Owing to limitations in measurement data and grouping of NMVOCs in emission inventories, the comparison includes only a limited number of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. Results show little to no agreement between the ratios in the observations and those in the global emission inventory for the species compared (r2 0.01–0.20). This could be related to incorrect speciation profiles and/or spatial allocation of NMVOCs to urban areas. Regional emission inventories show better agreement among the ratios (r2 0.43–0.70). The inclusion of oxygenated species in NMVOC measurements, as well as greater global coverage of measurements could improve representation of NMVOC species in emission inventories, and a mosaic of regional inventories may be a better approach.
Thalweg and Ridge Network Extraction From Unaltered Topographic Data as a Basis for Terrain Partitioning
Authors: Moretti Giovanni , Orlandini Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐resolution grid digital elevation models (DEMs) are increasingly used by scientists and engineers to describe the current state and evolution of Earth and planetary topography. These data, however, are commonly altered by depression filling and grid coarsening procedures. Alteration of observed topographic data may cause significant information loss and limit the capabilities of models. This study shows that physically meaningful thalweg and ridge networks can be extracted automatically from any unaltered high‐resolution grid DEM, and that these networks can be used as bases for terrain partitioning. The slopeline network connecting grid cell centers is used to identify ridge points as those grid cell border midpoints and vertices that are not crossed by slopelines. From each ridge point, the average length of the two slopelines extending on the opposite slopes of the ridge until they rejoin is then computed. Based on these lengths, exorheic and endorheic basins are identified. Thalwegs of exorheic and endorheic basins are finally connected through spilling saddles to form the thalweg network. The related ridge network is identified based on neighboring relationships between ridge points. Thalweg and ridge networks are hierarchized using the well‐known concept of drainage area and an extended concept of dispersal area to inform terrain partitioning at any level of detail. Observed topographic features are well reproduced by extracted networks. The impact of preserving depressions over mountain areas is evaluated, and the benefits from unstructured terrain partitioning based on thalweg and ridge networks in the description of flood plain inundation are illustrated.