bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Therapy Combinations in Adult Advanced MiT Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Alhalabi Omar , Thouvenin Jonathan , Négrier Sylvie , Vano Yann-Alexandre , Campedel Luca , Hasanov Elshad , Bakouny Ziad , Hahn Andrew W , Bilen Mehmet Asim , Msaouel Pavlos , Choueiri Toni K , Viswanathan Srinivas R , Sircar Kanishka , Albiges Laurence , Malouf Gabriel G , Tannir Nizar M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
There remains a paucity of data regarding the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) combinations ± vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy (TT) in translocation renal cell carcinoma (tRCC).

Methods
This is a retrospective study of patients with advanced tRCC treated with ICT combinations at 11 centers in the US, France, and Belgium. Only cases with confirmed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were included. Objective response rates (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed by RECIST, and overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods.

Results
There were 29 patients identified with median age of 38 (21-70) years, and F:M ratio 0.9:1. FISH revealed TFE3 and TFEB translocations in 22 and 7 patients, respectively. Dual ICT and ICT + VEGF TT were used in 18 and 11 patients, respectively. Seventeen (59%) patients received ICT combinations as first-line therapy. ORR was 1/18 (5.5%) for dual ICT and 4/11 (36%) for ICT + VEGF TT. At a median follow-up of 12.9 months, median PFS was 2.8 and 5.4 months in the dual ICT and ICT + VEGF TT groups, respectively. Median OS from metastatic disease was 17.8 and 30.7 months in the dual ICT and ICT + VEGF TT groups, respectively.

Conclusion
In this retrospective study of advanced tRCC, limited response and survival were seen after frontline dual ICT combination therapy, while ICT + VEGF TT therapy offered some efficacy. Due to the heterogeneity of tRCC, insights into the biological underpinnings are necessary to develop more effective therapies.
Treatment and early intervention services
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Casswell Sally , Graham Kathryn , Huckle Taisia , Livingston Michael , Österberg Esa , Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Sornpaisarn Bundit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the scientific basis of alcohol treatment policies in terms of research on the effectiveness and costs of a wide range of treatment interventions. Health and social services for alcohol problems typically involve screening, brief interventions, referral advice, diagnostic evaluation, detoxification, therapeutic interventions, and continuing care. The approaches with the greatest amount of supporting evidence are behaviour therapy, group therapy, family treatment, motivational enhancement, and some pharmacotherapies. Mutual help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, may also be effective as alternatives or adjuncts to treatment. Considerable evidence also supports the use of screening and brief intervention with hazardous and harmful drinkers who are not alcohol-dependent. Although treatment and early intervention can reduce the severity and frequency of alcohol-related problems, most treatment services are primarily aimed at responding to problems after they develop.
Economic interests, public health priorities, and global governance of alcohol
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Casswell Sally , Graham Kathryn , Huckle Taisia , Livingston Michael , Österberg Esa , Rehm Jürgen , Room Robin , Rossow Ingeborg , Sornpaisarn Bundit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Globally, alcohol marketing interests have ensured alcohol is largely treated as an ordinary commodity. Trade and investment agreements seek to limit national alcohol controls as barriers to trade, and to keep warning and other health labels peripheral. Efforts to limit cross-border digital marketing of alcohol are often stymied. Economic development agencies tend to view alcohol production by private interests as a development gain. The World Health Organization (WHO) is the only United Nations (UN) agency with a recurrent interest in alcohol issues, but operating with meagre resources. Since 2010, alcohol has been addressed as a risk factor in the WHO’s campaign against non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and as a target in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but with unambitious aims. Alcohol is not included in international agreements to limit harm from psychoactive substances; an alcohol agreement is needed in parallel to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the drug conventions.
Conceptualizing magical thinking
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 2 briefly lays out the theoretical terrain of the book, offering some conceptual apparatus to grapple with the central puzzle. I turn to existing efforts to understand the appeal of vague ideals and warm buzzwords in politics and policy, problematizing in particular Pollitt and Hupe’s (2011) influential work on ‘magic concepts’ in public administration. The crux of the issue I take with their work is that policy actors themselves are not naïve about the realpolitik affecting and distorting policymaking ideals. To start developing a much more nuanced understanding of what lies beneath apparent magical thinking in policy work, I revisit the classic work of Donald Schön (1983) on reflective practice, as well as subsequent research in policy and planning which has drawn inspiration from Schön’s critical pragmatism. This rich vein of scholarship enables me to explore the pragmatic orientation of policy actors between the poles of naïvety and cynicism. I conclude by teasing out a comparative approach for better understanding why policy actors still believe in magic in the face of uncertainty, complexity and contestation.
Transparency
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 6 examines the pursuit of transparency on scientific advice through the work of the SAGE and Independent SAGE committees in the first year of the Johnson government’s COVID-19 pandemic response. Drawing on (social) media coverage and policy documents as events unfolded, I outline the slow, inadequate and incomplete roll-out of transparency measures in the provision of science advice to government in Westminster. Yet I show how the commitment to more open policymaking proved a useful release valve for all the actors involved, venting political and professional pressures built up in the exigencies of the crisis. I point to resonant research on these themes in crisis management and public administration to support the insights from this case.
The State, Virtuous Circles, and Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Stollenwerk Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 3 analyses the effectiveness-legitimacy nexus for the state in Sub-Saharan Africa as the book’s first empirical step for better understanding virtuous circles of governance in areas of limited statehood. The chapter introduces Sub-Saharan Africa as the empirical case and demonstrates how the region displays challenges for the evolution of virtuous circles of governance. This chapter uses Afrobarometer data from 2005–2013 and for more than 45,000 respondents across fourteen countries from a newly assembled dataset. This part of the study focuses on state legitimacy and service perceptions in the security, public health, and basic subsistence sectors. The results show that virtuous circles of governance are either very weak or completely absent for the state in Sub-Saharan Africa. Service perceptions are, at best, a limited source for state legitimacy in Sub-Saharan Africa because citizens do not attribute effective service provision to the state. Furthermore, while people who view the state as legitimate are also more likely to perceive governance as effective due to a positive confirmation bias, this association is weak at best. The results emphasize the multidimensionality of virtuous circles of governance, as the strongest support for virtuous circles was found in the basic subsistence sector, followed by public health, with no support in the security sector. This stresses the relevance of task complexity when analysing virtuous circles of governance. The results also underscore the diverse sources of state legitimacy and governance effectiveness; factors such as fair and democratic procedures, procedural justice, and social trust deserve attention.
No State, no Problem in Nigeria?
Authors: Stollenwerk Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 5 explicitly focuses on the role of external and non-state actors for effective and legitimate governance in Nigeria. This part of the study considers perceptions of security, public health, and basic subsistence. Building on more than forty expert interviews and an original survey of 2,000 Nigerians conducted in northeast Nigeria, Chapter 5 contributes factual data to an area where little empirical evidence is available. The results underscore that external and non-state actors play a central role for goods and service provisions in Nigeria. Moreover, the analysis shows that virtuous circles of governance exist for external and non-state actors in Nigeria. Perceptions of goods and services as effective are key sources of legitimacy for these actors, as Nigerians attribute effective governance explicitly to them and not to the state. At the same time, these actors are better able to satisfy citizens’ expectations of service provisions than their state counterparts, which helps improve Nigerians’ perceptions of governance. Additionally, external and non-state actors benefit from the positive confirmation bias citizens hold towards them, helping to improve Nigerians’ perceptions of services despite partly insufficient services. These findings corroborate the findings from Chapters 3 and 4, which indicated the relevant role of external and non-state actors and suggested virtuous circles of governance beyond the state. Moreover, Chapter 5 adds to the results from Chapter 4 by noting that the sources of legitimacy for external and non-state actors, and of governance perceptions are diverse in Nigeria.
Rabid Melancholy inCantigas de Santa Maria
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 3 studies the melancholic condition of rabies, or hydrophobia, a deadly disease believe to be mainly caused by the bite of a rabid dog or by a rabid person. This illness, which was categorized under the nosology of melancholia because physicians thought that once the virus was introduced into the body it behaved like black bile, came to be known as hydrophobia primarily because fear of water was its foremost symptom, followed by barking, biting, running fits, and a frothy mouth. In short, rabies dehumanized its victims, causing them to adopt the identity of the dog that bit them. King Alfonso includes five miracles about hydrophobia in his Cantigas de Santa Maria, which represent six sufferers at the verge of death before the Virgin Mary heals them.
Writing about Melancholia to Allay Acedia inLibro de buen amor
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter continues exploring the psychospiritual condition of acedia in Juan Ruiz’ Libro de buen amor. A religious man, albeit steeped in worldly affairs, the archpriest of Hita is aware of the causes and effects of this disease. Indeed, the poet cites medical and spiritual authorities to explain the ailment to his implied reader. In the Libro, acedia is first introduced within schema of the seven deadly sins and later introduced as a psychospiritual conditions that affects religious and nonreligious people alike. This chapter, therefore, has the double purpose of analyzing the literary persona as well as the characters of Trotaconventos and Doña Garoza through the epistemic prism this vice/disease.
Mystical Lovesickness inCantiga188
Authors: López González Luis F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe concluding chapter examines the Alfonsine cantiga 188, a miracle that dramatizes the mystical melancholia of a young girl whose overpowering amor hereos for the Virgin Mary induces her to renounce the world in order to live in mystical union with the Virgin, her absent beloved. The mystical lovesickness that informs the maiden’s spirituality partakes in the mystical tradition spearheaded in Western culture by the Solomon Song of Songs, a biblical poem that King Alfonso translated into Spanish in General estoria, and followed by the literary production of the mystic Ramon Llull and other medieval accounts. The Wise King wrote two more cantigas (251 and 353) about mystical melancholia or the pursuits of a mystical union with God. Cantiga 188, though, stands out as a model of aesthetic virtuosity and dramatic thrust on account of its brevity and the overarching message that informs its riveting plot.
Linear elastic fracture mechanics
Authors: Anand Lallit , Kamrin Ken , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the asymptotic elastic crack tip solutions for stress and displacement fields, and the concept of stress intensity factors for Mode I, Mode II, and Mode III loadings. Since in most engineering applications globally brittle fracture of a structure occurs by crack propagation in a direction perpendicular to the local maximum principal stress direction, we develop a fracture criterion in terms of the stress intensity factor KI in Mode I. The concept of small-scale yielding in a plastic zone at the crack tip is discussed, and under this condition the notion of a critical stress intensity factor KIc is introduced and a criterion for initiation of crack extension, KI=KIc, in Mode I is formulated. Limits of applicability of this fracture criterion are discussed, and methods and requirements for valid fracture toughness testing discussed. Tables listing values of KIc for several important structural materials are provided.
International Strategies
Authors: Rakner Lise , van de Walle Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
International linkages provide key mechanisms that shape the balance between democratizing and autocratizing forces across Africa. Since independence, African incumbents have signaled their compliance with global norms by selectively adhering to various policies. At the same time, at critical periods, civil society actors have been able to utilize international funding and support mechanisms to challenge incumbents. The chapter discusses the complex interplay between international actors and incumbent African governments, as well as civic associations and opposition forces. It demonstrates how key episodes of autocratization can be linked to sovereignty claims made by incumbents toward the international community. External pressures on African incumbents have changed significantly and Africa’s external relations have reinforced the position of incumbent governments in negotiations with international actors. The declining influence of Western international donors, as well as their waning commitment to democracy assistance, have again opened the door for incumbent elites to employ sovereigntist claims as a shield against domestic challenges and contestation for power.
Have party attachments weakened?
Authors: Dassonneville Ruth 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The increase in electoral volatility is often linked to a weakening of party attachments in the electorate. This chapter elaborates on this theoretical argument and carefully assesses its validity. The chapter starts with a discussion of the concept of party attachment and how they can be measured. This methodological discussion highlights the need for care and nuance when interpreting time trends in partisanship, that are sensitive to slight changes in question wording. The chapter then examines how levels of partisanship, as measured in election surveys, have evolved over time in the eight established democracies that are the focus of the book. While this descriptive analysis provides some evidence of an over-time decline in partisanship, the decline appears limited in many countries and is often restricted to a specific time period. The next section of this chapter turns to the question whether and to what extent party attachments inhibit volatility. While the empirical analyses show that partisanship strongly reduces the likelihood of party switching, they also clarify that the voting behaviour of partisans as well as non-partisans has grown more volatile over time. An examination of election panel data from Great-Britain and Sweden confirms this pattern. The results that are presented in this chapter further highlight the need to look beyond the decline in partisanship to explain electoral volatility.
Captions and the ‘Appropriate’
Authors: Masud Noreen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPositioning a captioned drawing as the aphorism ‘in practice’, witnessed within a social situation, Chapter 4 examines Smith’s books of captioned images, Some Are More Human Than Others (1958) and Cats in Colour (1959), to uncover what it means for the aphorism to behave ‘appropriately’ in a situation. It sets Smith’s captioned drawings alongside contemporary and historical captioned cartoons, finding that her caption-drawing dyads are particularly compelling where they are alternately inappropriate to one another, and inappropriately appropriate: so seamlessly fitting that they stymie critical senses. Smith’s captions flag up their own arbitrariness: reveal themselves to be a choice which can be suspended or terminated.
To Go On
Authors: Masud Noreen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe conclusion considers the threefold implications of the monograph. Firstly, it identifies and defines the aphorism’s interplay between revelation and reticence. This then allows the book to take an original approach to Smith studies, proposing that the aphoristic model reconciles Smith’s light and weighty moments, rather than seeing them as either alternating or deceptive. Thirdly, it indicates potential lines of connection, via the aphorism, between Smith and early- to mid-century authors such as Ivy Compton-Burnett. It points to how these aphoristic rhythms, which promise revelation but sabotage the reader’s capacity to use them, may suggest alternative readings of other writers in this period, such as W. H. Auden, who incorporate short forms into their work.
The reference system of modern Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMandarin Chinese does not have a gender or number system. The existence of the categories subject and object in the language is a controversial issue. The verb does not code any semantic features of the participants. The grammatical system of Mandarin Chinese includes the following functions and their coding means, through which the identity of the participants in the proposition can be established: no instructions to identify the referent (coded by bare nouns); identification of the referent as the same as the immediately preceding participant or as a participant within the environment of speech (coded by the omission of nominal expression); contrastive focus with the previously mentioned participant or a participant within the speech environment (coded by pronouns); deduction of the referent from the current context (coded by the proximate demonstrative); deduction of the referent from the remote context (coded by the remote demonstrative); individuated token of a class (coded by the numeral ‘one’ plus classifier).
The reference system of Polish
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coding means in the reference system of Polish include: bare nouns; five genders coded on nouns, adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, and determiners; and the coding of the person, gender, and number of the subject on the verb is different in different tenses. The reference system of Polish includes different functions through which the referents of subject and the referents of other relations are identified, along with two types of thetic predications, one of which allows for the inclusion of the speaker and another which does not. Polish makes a distinction between no instructions to identify the referent; indication that the identity of the referent is irrelevant for the ongoing discourse, placing the referent in the common sphere of the speaker and the addressee; indication that the referent is other than in the common sphere; and indication that the referent has been previously mentioned.
The reference system of Pero
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPero (West Chadic, north-eastern Nigeria) has no gender or number coding on nouns, and no agreement system on verbs; verbs code the plurality of an event. Pero codes the distinction between two genders in second- and third-person singular pronouns. The absence of overt coding of the subject, either by noun or by pronoun, indicates that the subject is the same as the preceding subject, unless such an interpretation is overruled by the flow of the predicates involved. Third-person subject pronouns are deployed only if they are in focus. The third-person direct pronominal object is not overtly marked. The absence of a third-person object marker, whether masculine, feminine, or plural, indicates that the object is a previously mentioned participant. Pero is one of the few languages that has distinct pronouns which are used to code the speaker and the second-person singular addressee in reported speech that differ from the first- and second-person pronouns used in ongoing speech. In Pero, the speaker in reported speech is marked by the same pronoun that codes the third-person singular masculine in on-going speech, while the second-person pronouns in reported speech have forms that are unrelated to the second-person pronouns used in on-going speech.
The reference system of English
Authors: Frajzyngier Zygmunt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe system of reference in English comprises three domains: the reference in the flow of discourse which accounts for the deployment of noun phrases and pronouns, (2) the reference to the grammatical relations subject and non-subject, and (3) the reference coded within the noun phrase. This chapter has several implications for the long-held assumptions regarding the functions of individual coding means and the meaning coded in the domain of reference. The study proposes new analyses of: (1) the referential function of bare nouns, (2) the referential function of articles, and (3) the functions of the demonstratives ‘this’ and ‘that’. The study explains why neither articles nor demonstratives can cooccur with possessive pronouns in the same noun phrase, a constraint that does not obtain in all languages. The traditionally held assumption about deictic and anaphoric reference is just one of the inferences that can be drawn from individual sentences rather than a distinction encoded in the grammatical system of English.
Are we ready for new liberties?
Authors: Agnew Zarinah Karim , Cruse Eldridge , Bruce Kevin , Perlas Engelbert Wilfred , Krauter Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In addressing the institutions needed in space to maximize liberty, this chapter asks: Are we ready for liberty and how can we prepare for it? Arguing that experimentation, in addition to theorization and strategizing, are needed, lessons are shared from prototype experimental spaces exploring the collective freedoms for some of the most liberty disenfranchised—the formerly incarcerated. This chapter posits the view that notions of extra-terrestrial governance will never be sufficient to achieve utopian societies without addressing the issue of how to prepare humans raised in current social modes for lives of migratory liberty. Modes of forging collective, mutually assured autonomies, and related alternative forms of justice are discussed.