bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meadow trophic status regulates the nitrogen filter function of tropical seagrasses in seasonally eutrophic coastal waters
Authors: Thomsen Esther , Herbeck Lucia S. , Viana Inés G. , Jennerjahn Tim C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nutrient filter function is an important ecosystem service of seagrass meadows that mitigates the consequences of coastal eutrophication. In northeast Hainan in China, large seagrass areas were lost due to chronic eutrophication induced by untreated pond aquaculture effluents. However, in adjacent areas, seagrasses could survive due to seasonal exposure (i.e., not chronic) to eutrophication only. In a way, the conditions in these areas represent a transitional environment which allows investigating the effect of eutrophication on seagrass performance and their nitrogen uptake capacity. We tested how a 4‐week in situ nutrient enrichment affected inorganic nitrogen uptake rates of a multispecies seagrass meadow in eutrophic and non‐eutrophic seasons, in light and in darkness. All species maintained nitrogen uptake in the dark and preferred ammonium over nitrate. In the eutrophic season, the seagrass leaf biomass and growth were lower resulting in a lower nitrogen filter capacity. Among the species present, Cymodocea rotundata and Cymodocea serrulata covered 48% and 45%, respectively, of their daily nitrogen demand for leaf growth through leaf uptake from the water column, while it was only 30% for Thalassia hemprichii, the last remaining species in meadows degraded by eutrophication, as deduced from previous studies. It indicates that a multispecies seagrass meadow has a higher nitrogen filter capacity than a monospecific T. hemprichii meadow. By reducing seagrass diversity and, hence, the nitrogen filter function, eutrophication triggers a self‐reinforcing process. Once the nitrogen filtering capacity of a seagrass meadow is exhausted, further eutrophication and seagrass loss are expected.
Organic Functional Group on Carbon Nanotube Modulates the Maturation of SH‐SY5Y Neuronal Models
Authors: Daou Bahaa , Silvestri Alessandro , Lasa Haizpea , Mancino Donato , Prato Maurizio , Alegret Nuria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNT) have proven to be excellent substrates for neuronal cultures, showing high affinity and greatly boosting their synaptic functionality. Therefore, growing cells on CNT offers an opportunity to perform a large variety of neuropathology studies in vitro. To date, the interactions between neurons and chemical functional groups have not been studied extensively. To this end, multiwalled CNT (f‐CNT) is functionalized with various functional groups, including sulfonic (–SO3H), nitro (–NO2), amino (–NH2), and oxidized moieties. f‐CNTs are spray‐coated onto untreated glass substrates and are used as substrates for the incubation of neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y). After 7 d, its effect is evaluated in terms of cell attachment, survival, growth, and spontaneous differentiation. Cell viability assays show quite increased proliferation on various f‐CNT substrates (CNTs‐NO2 > ox‐CNTs ≈ CNTs‐SO3H > CNTs ≈ CNTs‐NH2). Additionally, SH‐SY5Y cells show selectively better differentiation and maturation with –SO3H substrates, where an increased expression of β‐III tubulin is seen. In all cases, intricate cell‐CNT networks are observed and the morphology of the cells adopts longer and thinner cellular processes, suggesting that the type of functionalization may have an effect of the length and thickness. Finally, a possible correlation is determined between conductivity of f‐CNTs and cell‐processes lengths.
Additive Manufacturing of Polymer‐Based Lubrication
Authors: Hossain Khan Rajib , Jiang Pan , Yao Xinle , Wu Jiayu , Hu Danli , Yang Xingxing , Wu Tao , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe fast growth of 3D printing technology gives designers many ways to make structures that are hard to see. 3D printing lets you customize complex structures in any way you want and make rapid prototypes of materials. It enables you to simulate things more effectively. So far, experiments with polymer‐based lubrication have been done on atomically smooth surfaces, under dynamic conditions, and on the nano‐ or micro‐scale. Polymer‐based lubrication in 3D printing has been studied in depth, which has made it possible to make significant, multifunctional 3D structures with microscale accuracy. It is a crucial way to approach lubrication and has sparked much scientific interest. A thorough literature review is done to keep track of the latest advances in 3D printing for structural polymer‐based lubrication simulation. The design and lubrication performance quality of bio‐inspired, different‐sized simulation structures is given much attention. The material requirements, skills, and representative applications of various 3D printing technologies are summarized. The efficient directions for future research in designing and making 3D‐printed lubrication structures are also pointed out.
Comprehensive evaluation of passenger road transportation through dynamic network data envelopment analysis: A case study of state road transport undertakings in India
Authors: Tiwari Saransh , Singh Sanjeet , Singh Sanjay Kumar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractState road transport undertakings (STUs) in India are public utility services that link diverse terrains and remote and hilly areas throughout the country and play a vital role in enhancing public mobility. These organizations are motivated to work through a sense of social responsibility. For example, they operate in low‐revenue‐generating regions to serve the public. Therefore, they require regular performance monitoring and constant efforts toward course corrections. Existing literature on the performance evaluation of STUs ignores the internal structures of the passenger transportation process and treats the process as a “black‐box.” Consequently, it fails to identify the precise cause of inefficiencies, making course corrections in a multistage transportation process difficult. To close this research gap and comprehensively evaluate the performance of STUs, considering their internal structure and based on long‐term optimization, this study employs a slacks‐based dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) approach to deconstruct India's publicly owned passenger road transportation process into operations and revenue divisions, subjected to a multiperiod performance evaluation from 2014–2015 to 2017–2018. Moreover, we utilize panel data regression to explore other influential factors not included in the DNDEA, explaining the efficiency variation across STUs. This study is the first to explore the internal structure of STUs in India and perform a comprehensive evaluation of STUs, considering their internal divisions and multiple‐period long‐term optimization. The DNDEA results highlight evidence of capital misallocation in India's public road transport sector. While operational inefficiency can be attributed to improper utilization of resources, price regulation is the major source of inefficiency in the revenue division. Fixed effects panel data regression revealed that STUs with higher bus utilization and passenger lead are more efficient. The contribution of this study lies in its innovative approach of using DNDEA to analyze India's passenger road transportation sector and its inner constructs, providing insights into the efficiency scores of STUs and their dynamic changes in one model. Managers and policymakers can use the findings of this study to revise and frame policies targeted at improving STU efficiency.
Decreased LONP1 expression contributes to DNA damage and meiotic defects in oocytes
Authors: Liu Chuanming , Xu Manlin , Guan Yajie , Li Lilin , Liu Wenwen , Guo Bichun , Sheng Xiaoqiang , Zhang Yang , Zhou Jidong , Zhen Xin , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang , Ding Lijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeiotic defects in oocytes are the primary reason for decreased female fertility with advanced maternal age. In this study, we revealed that decreased expression of ATP‐dependent Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1) in aged oocytes and oocyte‐specific depletion of LONP1 disrupt oocyte meiotic progression accompanying with mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, LONP1 downregulation increased oocyte DNA damage. Moreover, we demonstrated that splicing factor proline and glutamine rich directly interacts with LONP1 and mediate the effect of LONP1 depletion on meiotic progression in oocytes. In summary, our data suggest that decreased expression of LONP1 is involved in advanced maternal age‐related meiosis defects and that LONP1 represents a new therapeutic target to improve aged oocyte quality.
Differential and correlational tractography as tract‐based biomarkers in mild traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal MRI study
Authors: Huang Si‐Hong , Li Meng‐Jun , Yeh Fang‐Cheng , Huang Chu‐Xin , Zhang Hui‐Ting , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the fiber bundles in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients using differential and correlational tractography in a longitudinal analysis. Diffusion MRI data were acquired in 34 mTBI patients at 7 days (acute stage) and 3 months or longer (chronic stage) after mTBI. Trail Making Test A (TMT‐A) and Digital Symbol Substitution Test changes were used to evaluate the cognitive performance. Longitudinal correlational tractography showed decreased anisotropy in the corpus callosum during the chronic mTBI stage. The changes in anisotropy in the corpus callosum were significantly correlated with the changes in TMT‐A (false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.000094). Individual longitudinal differential tractography found that anisotropy decreased in the corpus callosum in 30 mTBI patients. Group cross‐sectional differential tractography found that anisotropy increased (FDR = 0.02) in white matter in the acute mTBI patients, while no changes occurred in the chronic mTBI patients. Our study confirms the feasibility of using correlational and differential tractography as tract‐based monitoring biomarkers to evaluate the disease progress of mTBI, and indicates that normalized quantitative anisotropy could be used as a biomarker to monitor the injury and/or repairs of white matter in individual mTBI patients.
Parental experiences of prenatal education when preparing for labor and birth of infant with a lethal diagnosis
Authors: Tataj‐Puzyna Urszula , Baranowska Barbara , Szlendak Beata , Szabat Magdalena , Węgrzynowska Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe the unique experiences of parents facing a Life Limiting Fetal Conditions (LLFC) diagnosis, who chose to continue with their pregnancy, as they prepare for childbirth through individual and group prenatal education.DesignA qualitative study.MethodsWe employed the phenomenological approach and the Colaizzi strategy to analyse semi‐structured interviews. Thirteen persons were interviewed. The participants were couples (n = 6) and women (n = 7) who received LLFC and were preparing for birth.ResultsWe described three main paths of prenatal education chosen by parents with LLFC: 'Searching for normality' concerned people participating in conventional prenatal classes (AC) who tried to avoid confronting the situation they faced; ‘Searching for communitas’ concerned the participation in special AC selected for the opportunity of sharing experiences; ‘Searching for an individual way’ concerned people who resorted to individual preparation for childbirth, often as a result of delayed planning. Parents should have a choice of various paths of birth preparation, that best meet their preferences.
Highly endorsed screening and assessment scales for alcohol problems: A systematic review
Authors: Ohtani Yohei , Ueno Fumihiko , Kimura Mitsuru , Matsushita Sachio , Mimura Masaru , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundProblems associated with alcohol use are multidimensional with psychiatric, psychological, physical, and social aspects, which makes it challenging to choose appropriate assessment scales. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of existing alcohol scales.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted for articles that assessed the psychometric properties of scales for alcohol use disorder on March 19, 2023, using Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Only scales whose original development papers were cited more than 20 times were included. The methodological quality and psychometric properties of the scales were evaluated using COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. The overall rating of the scales were assessed with a score ranging from 0 to 18.ResultsIn total, 314 studies and 40 scales were identified. These scales differ widely in measurement methods, target populations, and psychometric properties. The overall mean score was 6.3, and only the following three scales received >9 points suggesting a moderate level of evidence: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD). Measurement error and responsiveness were not evaluated or reported in the included scales.ConclusionsAlthough the AUDIT, ADS, and SADD were rated the highest among the 40 scales, they showed, at most, a moderate level of evidence. These findings underscore the need to accumulate further evidence to assure the quality of the scales. It may be advisable to select and combine scales to meet the purpose of the assessment.
Higher body mass index is strongly linked to poor outcomes in adult COVID‐19 hospitalizations: A National Inpatient Sample Study
Authors: Elkhapery Ahmed , Abdelhay Ali , Boppana Hemanth Krishna , Abdalla Zeinab , Mohamed Mohamed , Al‐Ali Omar , Hashem Anas , Mahmoud Amir , Mahmoud Eisa , Niu Chengu , Dalbah Rami , Chow Ming‐Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Studies on the impact of obesity on patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 pneumonia have been conflicting, with some studies describing worse outcomes in patients with obesity, while other studies reporting no difference in outcomes. Previous studies on obesity and critical illness have described improved outcomes in patients with obesity, termed the “obesity paradox.” The study assessed the impact of obesity on the outcomes of COVID‐19 hospitalizations, using a nationally representative database.Materials and MethodsICD‐10 code U071 was used to identify all hospitalizations with the principal diagnosis of COVID‐19 infection in the National Inpatient Database 2020. ICD‐10 codes were used to identify outcomes and comorbidities. Hospitalizations were grouped based on body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for demographic characteristics and comorbidities.ResultsA total of 56,033 hospitalizations were identified. 48% were male, 49% were white and 22% were black. Patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 pneumonia in the setting of obesity and clinically severe obesity were often younger. Adjusted for differences in comorbidities, there was a significant increase in mortality, incidence of mechanical ventilation, shock, and sepsis with increased BMI. The mortality was highest among hospitalizations with BMI ≥60, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.66 (95% Confidence interval 2.18–3.24) compared to hospitalizations with normal BMI. There were increased odds of mechanical ventilation across all BMI groups above normal, with the odds of mechanical ventilation increasing with increasing BMI.ConclusionThe results show that obesity is independently associated with worse patient outcomes in COVID‐19 hospitalizations and is associated with higher in‐patient mortality and higher rates of mechanical ventilation. The underlying mechanism of this is unclear, and further studies are needed to investigate the cause of this.
A cost–utility analysis of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for treating pediatric immune thrombocytopenia purpura after failure of first‐line therapies
Authors: Du Huimin , Wang Jiamin , Livingston Joel , Alrajhi Ziyad , Kirby‐Allen Melanie , Chan Brian , Hancock‐Howard Rebecca , Coyte Peter C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) have emerged as a recommended treatment for children with persistent and/or chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of TPO‐RAs relative to treatment without TPO‐RAs (non‐TPO‐RAs/usual care) for ITP in children who do not respond to first‐line therapy and in whom splenectomy is not recommended in Ontario, Canada, from a hospital payer perspective.ProcedureA 2‐year Markov model with an embedded decision tree was used. Data on medications used, dose, response rate, bleeding, and emergency treatment events were collected from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. The health outcomes were described in quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). Health‐state utilities were derived from the peer‐reviewed literature. Scenario analyses, deterministic, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Economic costs were measured in 2021 Canadian dollars ($1.00 = US$0.80)ResultsTPO‐RAs are estimated to result in an increased cost of $27,118 and a QALY gain of 0.21 compared to non‐TPO‐RAs over a 2‐year horizon, resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $129,133. In a 5‐year scenario analysis, the ICER fell to $76,403. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, TPO‐RAs exhibit a 40.0% probability of being cost‐effective at a conventional ($100,000) willingness‐to‐pay threshold per QALY gained.ConclusionsFurther assessment of the long‐term efficacy of TPO‐RAs is warranted to obtain more precise long‐term estimates. As the costs of TPO‐RAs decline with the introduction of generic formulations, TPO‐RAs may be increasingly cost‐effective.
A qualitative exploration of parental caregivers’ experience caring for children who have survived medulloblastoma
Authors: Sayal Priya , Rizakos Sara , Lam Emily , Constantin Julie , Diskin Catherine , Bartels Ute , Orkin Julia , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 70% of children diagnosed with a medulloblastoma will become long‐term survivors. Medulloblastoma therapy frequently causes long‐term morbidities in survivors, which places a considerable burden on parental caregivers. We aimed to explore the experience of parental caregivers caring for medulloblastoma survivors.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using grounded theory thematic analysis. We used semi‐structured parental caregiver interviews to explore family experiences, social circumstances, and family‐reported impact within families of children who had survived medulloblastoma. Parental caregivers were recruited from specialized survivor clinics at two large quaternary centers in Toronto, Canada.ResultsSixteen of 22 eligible families participated, and 20 parental caregiver interviews were completed. Survivors were a median age of 6 years (range: 1–9 years) at diagnosis, and were 9.5 years (range: 5–12 years) from treatment at the time of the interview. Three major themes and associated subthemes emerged: (i) parental caregivers described significant long‐term challenges associated with their child's survivorship. Subthemes included medical treatment sequelae, school issues and behavioral concerns, and surveillance and access to care. (ii) Parental caregivers recognized the impact that their child's quality of life (QOL) had on both their personal and family QOL. Subthemes included parental QOL, parental mental health and coping, spousal relationships, and effects on the family unit as a whole. (iii) Parental caregivers reported experiencing conflicting emotions related to their child's survivorship status and long‐term effects. Subthemes included feeling happiness with concurrent worry, fear, and stress, as well as concerns about the future.ConclusionsParental caregivers of medulloblastoma survivors experience long‐term challenges, with personal and family impacts. Further work is needed to improve care models and support systems for families with a child who has survived medulloblastoma.
Multilayer biocomposites of PLA woven fabric and PBS sheets using compression molding process
Authors: Preechawattanasakul Sakda , Pivsa‐Art Weraporn , Boonyod Saowaluk , Pivsa‐Art Sommai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiocomposite materials play an important role to replace the conventional polymer composites in the issue of serious environmental problems from the end‐used products. The relationship between the design and construction of biocomposites structure and their properties is an important factor to the composite application. In this study, the biocomposites of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) reinforced with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) woven fabric to improve mechanical properties of PBS matrix was fabricated by compression molding process. The plain weave PLA woven fabrics showed higher tensile strength (28.9%) and modulus (21.5%) than the twill 2/2 weave pattern. However, the flexural strength and modulus of composites reinforced with multi‐layers PLA woven fabric are higher than the one‐layer reinforcement (57% and 31%, respectively). The impact and peel strength of PLA twill 2/2 weave biocomposite are higher than the plain weaving. The mechanical property of matrix reinforced with plain structure was found to increase on the vertical axis while the twill weaving showed the increase on horizontal axis adhesion between the reinforced PLA woven fabric and the PBS matrix.
R software for QSAR analysis in phytopharmacological studies
Authors: Ningthoujam Sanjoy Singh , Nath Rajat , Kityania Sibashish , Mazumder Pranab Behari , Dutta Choudhury Manabendra , Talukdar Anupam Das , Nahar Lutfun , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn recent decades, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has become an important method for drug design and natural product research. With the availability of bioinformatic and cheminformatic tools, a vast number of descriptors have been generated, making it challenging to select potential independent variables that are accurately related to the dependent response variable.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to demonstrate various descriptor selection procedures, such as the Boruta approach, all subsets regression, the ANOVA approach, the AIC method, stepwise regression, and genetic algorithm, that can be used in QSAR studies. Additionally, we performed regression diagnostics using R software to test parameters such as normality, linearity, residual histograms, PP plots, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity.ResultsThe workflow designed in this study highlights the different descriptor selection procedures and regression diagnostics that can be used in QSAR studies. The results showed that the Boruta approach and genetic algorithm performed better than other methods in selecting potential independent variables. The regression diagnostics parameters tested using R software, such as normality, linearity, residual histograms, PP plots, multicollinearity, and homoscedasticity, helped in identifying and diagnosing model errors, ensuring the reliability of the QSAR model.ConclusionQSAR analysis is vital in drug design and natural product research. To develop a reliable QSAR model, it is essential to choose suitable descriptors and perform regression diagnostics. This study offers an accessible, customizable approach for researchers to select appropriate descriptors and diagnose errors in QSAR studies.