bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of rectal cancer
Authors:   Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Wang Guiyu , Fan Daiming , Gu Jin , Ding Kefeng , Fang Xuedong , Shen Lin , Xu Zhongfa , Xu Jianmin , Cai Jianchun , Cai Lianming , Cai Sanjun , Chen Gong , Chen Jiansi , Cheng Longwei , Cheng Yong , Chi Pan , Cui Binbin , Dai Guanghai , Fu Chuangang , Gu Yanhong , He Guodong , Hu Junhong , Huang Jing , Huang Rui , Huang Zhongcheng , Jiang Zheng , Jie Zhigang , Ju Haixing , Li Hai , Li Jian , Li Jun , Li Ming , Li Yaoping , Li Yunfeng , Lin Guole , Liu Haiying , Liu Ming , Liu Qian , Pan Zhizhong , Peng Yifan , Qian Niansong , Qiu Meng , Ren Li , Sun Yueming , Tang Jianqiang , Tang Qingchao , Tang Yuan , Tao Kaixiong , Tao Min , Wang Haijiang , Wang Meng , Wang Zejun , Wang Zhengguang , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Ziwei , Wei Shaozhong , Xing Baocai , Xiong Bin , Xu Ye , Yan Su , Yang Bin , Yang Chunkang , Yao Qinghua , Ye Yingjiang , Yuan Ying , Zhang Guozhi , Zhang Haizeng , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Zhen , Zhong Yunshi , Zhu Ji , Zhu Yuan , Zhu Yuping , Zou Shuangmei , Wang Yuliuming , Lv Jingfang , Liu Enrui , Yang Ming , Zhang Qian , Zhang Weiyuan , Zhang Lin , Luo Jun , Zheng Zhaoxu , Zhao Zhixun , Liu Zheng , Tao Jinhua , Huang Haiyang , Chen Tianli , Wang Xishan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide. In China, the ratio of rectal cancer to colon cancer in terms of incidence is close to 1: 1. Low rectal cancer accounts for more than half of all cases of rectal cancer. In recent years, the proportion of rectal cancer has trended downward, however the incidence of rectal cancer in younger adults is increasing. The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.

Methods
This guideline has been prepared by consensuses reached by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society, based on a careful review of the latest evidence including China’s studies, and referred to domestic and international relative guidelines, also considered China’s specific national conditions and clinical practice.

Results
The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer include the epidemiology of rectal cancer, prevention and screening, diagnosis, treatment of nonmetastatic and metastatic rectal cancer, follow-up, and whole-course rehabilitation management.

Conclusion
Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, standardizes the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.
Short-term outcomes following purse-string versus conventional closure of ileostomy wounds in Chinese colorectal cancer patients — a single center retrospective study
Authors: Jiao Yu-Rong , Zhou Xin-Bin , Ye Yao , Xiao Qian , Kong Xiang-Xing , Ding Ke-Feng , Li Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Nearly 15% colorectal cancer (CRC) patients received ileostomy, while surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication after ileostomy wound closure. Purse-string closure was reported to reduce SSI rate in ileostomy wound closure compared with conventional linear closure, but had never been systematically reported in CRC patients. The present study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes between purse-string and conventional closure in Chinese CRC patients.

Patients and methods
A total of 57 CRC patients underwent ileostomy wounds closure in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during November, 2015 and October, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-nine received purse-string closure while the others received conventional closure. The short-term outcomes including SSI rate, scar length, pain score and hospital stay were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the patients between two groups. The SSI rate was similar within two groups (10.3% vs 10.7%, p = 1.000). The purse-string closure group had a significantly short scar length (1.66 cm vs 5.30 cm, p < 0.0001), but had no difference in operation time, hospital stay and postoperative pain.

Conclusion
The present study did not find superiority of Purse-string closure in SSI rate control. It seemed only had a cosmetic effect according to its shorter scar length.
Decreased hospital readmissions after programmatic strengthening of an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) program
Authors: Agnihotri Gaurav , Gross Alan E. , Seok Minji , Yen Cheng Yu , Khan Farah , Ebbitt Laura M. , Gay Cassandra , Bleasdale Susan C. , Sikka Monica K. , Trotter Andrew B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether a structured OPAT program supervised by an infectious disease physician and led by an OPAT nurse decreased hospital readmission rates and OPAT-related complications and whether it affected clinical cure. We also evaluated predictors of readmission while receiving OPAT.

Patients:
A convenience sample of 428 patients admitted to a tertiary-care hospital in Chicago, Illinois, with infections requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy after hospital discharge.

Methods:
In this retrospective, quasi-experimental study, we compared patients discharged on intravenous antimicrobials from an OPAT program before and after implementation of a structured ID physician and nurse-led OPAT program. The preintervention group consisted of patients discharged on OPAT managed by individual physicians without central program oversight or nurse care coordination. All-cause and OPAT-related readmissions were compared using the χ2 test. Factors associated with readmission for OPAT-related problems at a significance level of P < .10 in univariate analysis were eligible for testing in a forward, stepwise, multinomial, logistic regression to identify independent predictors of readmission.

Results:
In total, 428 patients were included in the study. Unplanned OPAT-related hospital readmissions decreased significantly after implementation of the structured OPAT program (17.8% vs 7%; P = .003). OPAT-related readmission reasons included infection recurrence or progression (53%), adverse drug reaction (26%), or line-associated issues (21%). Independent predictors of hospital readmission due to OPAT-related events included vancomycin administration and longer length of outpatient therapy. Clinical cure increased from 69.8% before the intervention to 94.9% after the intervention (P < .001).

Conclusion:
A structured ID physician and nurse-led OPAT program was associated with a decrease in OPAT-related readmissions and improved clinical cure.
Potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people: A conceptual framework and lines of enquiry for research and policy
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Araya Ricardo , Bauer Annette , Garman Emily , Álvarez-Iglesias Alejandra , McDaid David , Hessel Philipp , Matijasevich Alicia , Paula Cristiane Silvestre , Park A-La , Lund Crick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mental health is inextricably linked to both poverty and future life chances such as education, skills, labour market attachment and social function. Poverty can lead to poorer mental health, which reduces opportunities and increases the risk of lifetime poverty. Cash transfer programmes are one of the most common strategies to reduce poverty and now reach substantial proportions of populations living in low- and middle-income countries. Because of their rapid expansion in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, they have recently gained even more importance. Recently, there have been suggestions that these cash transfers might improve youth mental health, disrupting the cycle of disadvantage at a critical period of life. Here, we present a conceptual framework describing potential mechanisms by which cash transfer programmes could improve the mental health and life chances of young people. Furthermore, we explore how theories from behavioural economics and cognitive psychology could be used to more specifically target these mechanisms and optimise the impact of cash transfers on youth mental health and life chances. Based on this, we identify several lines of enquiry and action for future research and policy.
Parametric generation and phase locking of multiple sidebands in the regime of full-back-conversion
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Tao Yudong , Ma Jingui , Wang Jing , Yuan Peng , Zhang Dongfang , Qian Liejia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Parametric interaction allows both forward and backward energy transfers among the three interacting waves. The back-conversion effect is usually detrimental when unidirectional energy transfer is desired. In this theoretical work, we manifest that the back-conversion effect underpins the direct generation of the picosecond pulse train without the need for a laser resonator. The research scenario is an optical parametric amplification (OPA) that consists of a second-order nonlinear medium, a quasi-continuous pump laser and a sinusoidal amplitude-modulated seed signal. The back-conversion of OPA can transfer the modulation peaks (valleys) of the incident signal into output valleys (peaks), which inherently induces spectral sidebands. The generation of each sideband is naturally accompanied with a phase shift of ±π. In the regime of full-back-conversion, the amount and amplitude of the sidebands reach the maximum simultaneously, and their phase constitutes an arithmetic sequence, leading to the production of a picosecond pulse train. The generated picosecond pulse train can have an ultrahigh repetition rate of 40 GHz or higher, which may facilitate ultrafast applications with ultrahigh speed.
Optimal proportional reinsurance to maximize an insurer’s exponential utility under unobservable drift
Authors: Liang Xiaoqing , Young Virginia R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study an optimal reinsurance problem for a diffusion model, in which the drift of the claim follows an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The aim of the insurer is to maximize the expected exponential utility of its terminal wealth. We consider two cases: full information and partial information. Full information occurs when the insurer directly observes the drift; partial information occurs when the insurer observes only its claims. By applying stochastic control and by solving the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations, we find the value function and the optimal reinsurance strategy under both full and partial information. We determine a relationship between the value function and reinsurance strategy under full information with the value function and reinsurance strategy under partial information.
A Nonparametric Bayesian Model for Detecting Differential Item Functioning: An Application to Political Representation in the US
Authors: Shiraito Yuki , Lo James , Olivella Santiago 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA common approach when studying the quality of representation involves comparing the latent preferences of voters and legislators, commonly obtained by fitting an item response theory (IRT) model to a common set of stimuli. Despite being exposed to the same stimuli, voters and legislators may not share a common understanding of how these stimuli map onto their latent preferences, leading to differential item functioning (DIF) and incomparability of estimates. We explore the presence of DIF and incomparability of latent preferences obtained through IRT models by reanalyzing an influential survey dataset, where survey respondents expressed their preferences on roll call votes that U.S. legislators had previously voted on. To do so, we propose defining a Dirichlet process prior over item response functions in standard IRT models. In contrast to typical multistep approaches to detecting DIF, our strategy allows researchers to fit a single model, automatically identifying incomparable subgroups with different mappings from latent traits onto observed responses. We find that although there is a group of voters whose estimated positions can be safely compared to those of legislators, a sizeable share of surveyed voters understand stimuli in fundamentally different ways. Ignoring these issues can lead to incorrect conclusions about the quality of representation.
The genus Microcotyle in Mediterranean scorpaenoids (Teleostei), including the description of Microcotyle merche n. sp. from Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809)
Authors: Víllora-Montero M. , Pérez-del-Olmo A. , Valmaseda-Angulo M. , Raga J.A. , Montero F.E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
More than 65 species of the genus Microcotyle Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863, have been described to date, most of them infecting Perciformes. Among the scorpaenoids (Perciformes, formerly Scorpaeniformes) the species of the genus Microcotyle parasitize sebastids and scorpaenids worldwide. In this study, we provide new morphological and molecular data for Microcotyle spp. in sebastids and scorpaenids from the Western Mediterranean and north-east Atlantic. Specimens of Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) (n = 107) and Scorpaena spp. (n = 107) were examined and their microcotylid specimens morphologically and molecularly characterized. Microcotyle merche n. sp. ex H. dactylopterus and specimens of Microcotyle algeriensis Ayadi, Gey, Justine & Tazerouti, 2016 from a new host and locality (Scorpaena scrofa from the north-east Atlantic) are herein described. Both species are phylogenetically close, but their morphology is markedly different mostly because the anterior lobe of the haptor present in other Microcotyle species is almost absent in M. algeriensis. Findings of M. merche n. sp. in the Mediterranean also excludes the presence of Microcotyle sebastis in this sea, encouraging the review of the exceptionally large host range and geographical distribution of this species.
Health technology assessment of diagnostic tests: a state of the art review of methods guidance from international organizations
Authors: Ferrante di Ruffano Lavinia , Harris Isobel M. , Zhelev Zhivko , Davenport Clare , Mallett Sue , Peters Jamie , Takwoingi Yemisi , Deeks Jon , Hyde Chris 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To identify which international health technology assessment (HTA) agencies are undertaking evaluations of medical tests, summarize commonalities and differences in methodological approach, and highlight examples of good practice.

Methods
A methodological review incorporating: systematic identification of HTA guidance documents mentioning evaluation of tests; identification of key contributing organizations and abstraction of approaches to all essential HTA steps; summary of similarities and differences between organizations; and identification of important emergent themes which define the current state of the art and frontiers where further development is needed.

Results
Seven key organizations were identified from 216 screened. The main themes were: elucidation of claims of test benefits; attitude to direct and indirect evidence of clinical effectiveness (including evidence linkage); searching; quality assessment; and health economic evaluation. With the exception of dealing with test accuracy data, approaches were largely based on general approaches to HTA with few test-specific modifications. Elucidation of test claims and attitude to direct and indirect evidence are where we identified the biggest dissimilarities in approach.

Conclusions
There is consensus on some aspects of HTA of tests, such as dealing with test accuracy, and examples of good practice which HTA organizations new to test evaluation can emulate. The focus on test accuracy contrasts with universal acknowledgment that it is not a sufficient evidence base for test evaluation. There are frontiers where methodological development is urgently required, notably integrating direct and indirect evidence and standardizing approaches to evidence linkage.
Is early time to positivity of blood culture associated with clinical prognosis in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection?
Authors: Hou Weiwei , Han Tiantian , Qu Guangbo , Sun Yehuan , Yang Dianyu , Lin Yan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The association between time to positivity (TTP) of blood culture and the clinical prognosis of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection (BSI) remains unclear. A retrospective study of 148 inpatients with BSI caused by K. pneumoniae was performed at Shanghai Tongji Hospital, China, from October 2016–2020. The total in-hospital fatality rate was 32%. The median TTP was 11.0 (7.7–16.1) h and the optimal cutoff for prediction of in-hospital mortality was 9.4 h according to the ROC curve. Early TTP (<9.4 h) was a risk factor for in-hospital mortality by univariate analysis (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.0, P = 0.01), but not by multivariate analysis (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.0–7.4, P = 0.06). Old age, serum creatinine, white blood cells, and C-reactive protein values were risk factors for in-hospital mortality by multivariate analysis. Early TTP was not a risk factor for septic shock (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 0.6–5.1, P = 0.27) or ICU admission (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.0, P = 0.32). In conclusion, the in-hospital fatality rate of patients with K. pneumoniae BSI was relatively high and associated with an early TTP of blood cultures. However, no increased risk of mortality, septic shock or ICU admission was evident in early TTP patients.
MESI: A Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index
Authors: Roman‐Stork H. L. , Byrne D. A. , Leuliette E. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we introduce the Multiparameter Eddy Significance Index (MESI) for use in conjunction with mesoscale eddy tracking to estimate the impact of mesoscale eddies on the upper ocean and marine ecosystems. MESI combines blended satellite observations of sea level anomalies, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and ocean color chlorophyll‐a and is a normalized index. When used in conjunction with mesoscale eddy tracking, MESI can highlight those eddies which extend into the deeper ocean and have a greater effect on nutrient cycling. Preliminary analysis in the Gulf Stream region of the western North Atlantic shows that MESI covaries with model estimates of nitrate, phosphate, iron, and pH with cross‐correlation values between 76% and 95%. These results suggest that when MESI is used in concert with eddy tracking, it can be used as an indicator of eddies and areas that are more likely to impact nutrient cycling in the upper ocean. An additional analysis of MESI values inside eddies during Hurricane Dorian (2019) along the Carolina coast further suggests that MESI is most effective when used to enhance eddy tracking as it provides valuable insight into mesoscale eddy activity and the upper ocean circulation.
Assessing the Aerosols, Clouds and Their Relationship Over the Northern Bay of Bengal Using a Global Climate Model
Authors: Sharma Puneet , Ganguly Dilip , Sharma Amit Kumar , Kant Sunny , Mishra Shiwansha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComprehensive evaluation of aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI) simulated by climate models using observations is crucial for advancing model development. Here, we use Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to evaluate aerosol and cloud properties obtained from Community Atmosphere Model 5 (CAM5) over northern Bay of Bengal during winter season. We conduct simulations for default model setup as well as for prescribed, and nudged meteorology using Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS5) reanalysis dataset in order to study the impact of meteorological parameters on simulated ACI. CAM5 captures the spatial variability of cloud optical depth (τc), cloud droplet number concentration (Nc), and liquid water path (LWP), although the values are overestimated in the model. Default model strongly simulates observed negative cloud effective radius (re)‐Nc susceptibility but fails to reproduce the observed positive LWP‐Nc susceptibility possibly due to evaporative cooling of the large number of smaller droplets. Compared to default and prescribed meteorology simulations, nudging specific humidity (Q) at 6‐hr relaxation time scale leads to a positive LWP‐Nc susceptibility, and an overall improved simulation of aerosol indirect effects. Increasing the relaxation time scale beyond 6‐hr degrade the simulation of indirect effects suggesting high sensitivity of indirect effects to Q and serious deficiencies in Q simulated by the model. Improvement in simulation of aerosol and cloud characteristics are also noted when winds (UV) are nudged but it worsens some of the simulated ACI sensitivities due to increased transport of absorbing aerosols over the study region and a dominant semi‐direct effect in the model.
Urbanization Amplified Asymmetrical Changes of Rainfall and Exacerbated Drought: Analysis Over Five Urban Agglomerations in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Huang Shuzhe , Gan Yuan , Zhang Xiang , Chen Nengcheng , Wang Chao , Gu Xihui , Ma Jingjin , Niyogi Dev 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUrbanization has become a prominent anthropogenic activity globally, resulting in the substantial modification of temperature and rainfall in and around urban areas. Studies also indicate that rainfall exhibits an asymmetrical shift from light to extreme rainfall, causing both floods and droughts over different parts of the globe. However, to what extent urbanization influences the asymmetrical changes in rainfall and urban drought remains understudied. Accordingly, we provided an investigation of the urbanization effects on both rainfall and drought events from both statistical and model‐based perspectives. Results showed that urbanization generally increased heavy rainfall and decreased light rainfall in the rainy season over five urban agglomerations (i.e., Yangtze River Delta [YRD], Middle Region of Yangtze River [MRYR], Chengdu‐Chongqing, Guizhou, and Yunnan) in the Yangtze River Basin during 1981–2020. Specifically, urbanization contributed 42.7% and 30.8% of the increases of heavy rainfall in MRYR and YRD while 30.6% contribution to the decrease of light rainfall. Interestingly, results suggested that the urban regions were more prone to drought due to urbanization. Nevertheless, we also found that the urbanization effects showed some variabilities across different areas due to the interactions with complex terrains and climate patterns. Further model‐based simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model confirmed our findings and helped understand the potential underlying mechanism. The current research is expected to provide scientific knowledge for better urban planning and preparedness for urbanization‐induced hazards.
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature: Indicating Extreme Heat Risk on a Global Grid
Authors: Brimicombe Chloe , Lo Chun Hay Brian , Pappenberger Florian , Di Napoli Claudia , Maciel Pedro , Quintino Tiago , Cornforth Rosalind , Cloke Hannah L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is an international standard heat index used by the health, industrial, sports, and climate sectors to assess thermal comfort during heat extremes. Observations of its components, the globe and the wet bulb temperature (WBT), are however sparse. Therefore WBGT is difficult to derive, making it common to rely on approximations, such as the ones developed by Liljegren et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620802310770, ) and by the American College of Sports Medicine (). In this study, a global data set is created by implementing an updated WBGT method using ECMWF ERA5 gridded meteorological variables and is evaluated against existing WBGT methods. The new method, , uses globe temperature calculated using mean radiant temperature and is found to be accurate in comparison to across three heatwave case studies. In addition, it is found that is not an adequate approximation of WBGT. Our new method is a candidate for a global forecasting early warning system.