bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left atrial strain parameters derived by echocardiography are impaired in patients with acute myocarditis and preserved systolic left ventricular function
Authors: Meindl Christine , Paulus Michael , Poschenrieder Florian , Hamer Okka W. , Zeman Florian , Maier Lars S. , Debl Kurt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose: Data derived by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking suggest that not only left ventricular but also left atrial function is impaired in patients with acute myocarditis. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic value of speckle tracking echocardiography of the left ventricle and left atrium in patients with acute myocarditis and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods and results: 30 patients with acute myocarditis confirmed by CMR according to the Lake Louise criteria and 20 healthy controls were analyzed including global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial (LA) strain parameters. Although preserved LVEF was present in both groups, GLS was significantly lower in patients with acute myocarditis (GLS − 19.1 ± 1.8% vs. GLS − 22.1 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001). Further diastolic dysfunction measured by E/e’ mean was significantly deteriorated in the myocarditis group compared to the control group (E/e’ mean 6.4 ± 1.6 vs. 5.5 ± 1.0, p = 0.038). LA reservoir function (47.6 ± 10.4% vs. 55.5 ± 10.8%, p = 0.013) and LA conduit function (-33.0 ± 9.6% vs. -39.4 ± 9.5%, p = 0.024) were significantly reduced in patients with acute myocarditis compared to healthy controls. Also left atrial stiffness index (0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.10 ± 0.03, p = 0.003) as well as left atrial filling index (1.67 ± 0.47 vs. 1.29 ± 0.34, p = 0.004) were deteriorated in patients with myocarditis compared to the control group. Conclusion: In patients with acute myocarditis and preserved LVEF not only GLS but also LA reservoir function, LA conduit function and left atrial stiffness index as well as left atrial filling index were impaired compared to healthy controls indicating ventricular diastolic dysfunction and elevated LV filling pressures.
Seabed morphodynamics of a coastal lagoon of the Gulf of California
Authors: Montaño-Ley Yovani , Soto-Jiménez Martin F. , Páez-Osuna Federico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA two-dimensional, vertically integrated, non-linear numerical model was applied to investigate the Urias coastal lagoon’s (URCOL) tide-driven currents, bed load sediment transport, and seabed morphodynamics. The coastal body of water, located on the eastern side of the Gulf of California, includes the Mazatlán harbour, the most important port on the Pacific Mexican coast due to the relevant activities like the heavy vessel traffic. URCOL also includes an extensive aquaculture infrastructure at the lagoon head. The tidal hydrodynamic modelling revealed the mixed character of tides predominantly semidiurnal in the lagoon. The numerical computation at the harbour entrance showed an ebb-dominant tidal distortion. The distribution patterns of the erosion and accretion rates are consistent with the convergent and divergent character of the vectors of sediment transport rates. The sediment accretion has been predicted mainly in the middle part of the channel, right where the channel starts curving, changing the alignment of the lagoon. The tidal hydrodynamics, sharp topographic gradient, and geometric features of the lagoon seem to determine the location of accretion and erosion areas.
Novel adhesive mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides
Authors: Renner Tobias , Otto Paul , Kübler Alexander C. , Hölscher-Doht Stefanie , Gbureck Uwe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPresent surgical situations require a bone adhesive which has not yet been developed for use in clinical applications. Recently, phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) based on mixtures of o-phosphoserine (OPLS) and calcium phosphates, such as tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) or α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) as well as chelate setting magnesium phosphate cements have gained increasing popularity for their use as mineral bone adhesives. Here, we investigated new mineral-organic bone cements based on phosphoserine and magnesium phosphates or oxides, which possess excellent adhesive properties. These were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy and subjected to mechanical tests to determine the bond strength to bone after ageing at physiological conditions. The novel biomineral adhesives demonstrate excellent bond strength to bone with approximately 6.6–7.3 MPa under shear load. The adhesives are also promising due to their cohesive failure pattern and ductile character. In this context, the new adhesive cements are superior to currently prevailing bone adhesives. Future efforts on bone adhesives made from phosphoserine and Mg2+ appear to be very worthwhile.
Graphical Abstract
calf – Software for CEST Analysis with Lorentzian Fitting
Authors: Wittsack Hans-Jörg , Radke Karl Ludger , Stabinska Julia , Ljimani Alexandra , Müller-Lutz Anja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI data requires sophisticated methods to obtain reliable results about metabolites in the tissue under study. CEST generates z-spectra with multiple components, each originating from individual molecular groups. The individual lines with Lorentzian line shape are mostly overlapping and disturbed by various effects. We present an elaborate method based on an adaptive nonlinear least squares algorithm that provides robust quantification of z-spectra and incorporates prior knowledge in the fitting process. To disseminate CEST to the research community, we developed software as part of this study that runs on the Microsoft Windows operating system and will be made freely available to the community. Special attention has been paid to establish a low entrance threshold and high usability, so that even less experienced users can successfully analyze CEST data.
Phenomenology’s place in the philosophy of medicine
Authors: Burch Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith its rise in popularity, work in the phenomenology of medicine has also attracted its fair share of criticism. One such criticism maintains that, since the phenomenology of medicine does nothing but describe the experience of illness, it offers nothing one cannot obtain more easily by deploying simpler qualitative research methods. Fredrik Svenaeus has pushed back against this charge, insisting that the phenomenology of medicine not only describes but also defines illness. Although I agree with Svenaeus’s claim that the phenomenology of medicine does more than merely describe what it is like to be ill, once one acknowledges its more far-reaching theoretical aspirations, one sees that it faces an even more difficult set of objections. Taking a cue from recent work by Rebecca Kukla, Russell Powell, and Eric Scarffe, I argue that the phenomenology of medicine could answer these objections by developing an institutional definition of illness. This not only allows the phenomenology of medicine to answer its critics, but it does so in a way that preserves its major achievements and extends its reach within the philosophy of medicine.
Surgical management of Glioma Grade 4: technical update from the neuro-oncology section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch®): a systematic review
Authors: Ius Tamara , Sabatino Giovanni , Panciani Pier Paolo , Fontanella Marco Maria , Rudà Roberta , Castellano Antonella , Barbagallo Giuseppe Maria Vincenzo , Belotti Francesco , Boccaletti Riccardo , Catapano Giuseppe , Costantino Gabriele , Della Puppa Alessandro , Di Meco Francesco , Gagliardi Filippo , Garbossa Diego , Germanò Antonino Francesco , Iacoangeli Maurizio , Mortini Pietro , Olivi Alessandro , Pessina Federico , Pignotti Fabrizio , Pinna Giampietro , Raco Antonino , Sala Francesco , Signorelli Francesco , Sarubbo Silvio , Skrap Miran , Spena Giannantonio , Somma Teresa , Sturiale Carmelo , Angileri Filippo Flavio , Esposito Vincenzo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The extent of resection (EOR) is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in adult patients with Glioma Grade 4 (GG4). The aim of the neuro-oncology section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch®) was to provide a general overview of the current trends and technical tools to reach this goal.

Methods
A systematic review was performed. The results were divided and ordered, by an expert team of surgeons, to assess the Class of Evidence (CE) and Strength of Recommendation (SR) of perioperative drugs management, imaging, surgery, intraoperative imaging, estimation of EOR, surgery at tumor progression and surgery in elderly patients.

Results
A total of 352 studies were identified, including 299 retrospective studies and 53 reviews/meta-analysis. The use of Dexamethasone and the avoidance of prophylaxis with anti-seizure medications reached a CE I and SR A. A preoperative imaging standard protocol was defined with CE II and SR B and usefulness of an early postoperative MRI, with CE II and SR B. The EOR was defined the strongest independent risk factor for both OS and tumor recurrence with CE II and SR B. For intraoperative imaging only the use of 5-ALA reached a CE II and SR B. The estimation of EOR was established to be fundamental in planning postoperative adjuvant treatments with CE II and SR B and the stereotactic image-guided brain biopsy to be the procedure of choice when an extensive surgical resection is not feasible (CE II and SR B).

Conclusions
A growing number of evidences evidence support the role of maximal safe resection as primary OS predictor in GG4 patients. The ongoing development of intraoperative techniques for a precise real-time identification of peritumoral functional pathways enables surgeons to maximize EOR minimizing the post-operative morbidity.
Quantile-distribution functions and their use for classification, with application to naïve Bayes classifiers
Authors: Redivo Edoardo , Viroli Cinzia , Farcomeni Alessio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a flexible parametric framework for the estimation of quantile functions. This involves the specification of an analytical quantile-distribution function. It is shown to adapt well to a wide range of distributions under reasonable assumptions. We derive a least-square type estimator, leading to computationally efficient inference. By-products include a test for comparing two distributions, a variable selection method, and an innovative naïve Bayes classifier. Properties of the estimator, of the asymptotic test and of the classifier are investigated through theoretical results and simulation studies, and illustrated through a real data example.
The better toolbox: experimental methodology in economics and psychology
Authors: Di Cagno Daniela , Güth Werner , Sillari Giacomo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn experimental economics one can confront a “don’t!”, as in “do not deceive your participants!”, as well as a “do!”, as in “incentivize choice making!”. Neither exists in experimental psychology. Further controversies exist in data collection methods, e.g., play strategy (vector) method in game experiments, and how to guarantee external and internal validity by describing experimental scenarios by field-related vignettes or by abstract, often formal, rules as it is used in decision and game theory. We emphasize that differences between the experimental methodology of the two disciplines are minor rather than substantial and suggest that such differences should be resolved, as much as possible, through empirical research. Rather than focusing on familiar debates, we suggest to substitute the revealed-motive approach in experimental economics by designs whose data not only inform about choice, but also about the reasoning dynamics.
No skin off your back: the sampling and extraction of sebum for metabolomics
Authors: Géhin C. , Tokarska J. , Fowler S. J. , Barran P. E. , Trivedi D. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionSebum-based metabolomics (a subset of “sebomics”) is a developing field that involves the sampling, identification, and quantification of metabolites found in human sebum. Sebum is a lipid-rich oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands onto the skin surface for skin homeostasis, lubrication, thermoregulation, and environmental protection. Interest in sebomics has grown over the last decade due to its potential for rapid analysis following non-invasive sampling for a range of clinical and environmental applications.ObjectivesTo provide an overview of various sebum sampling techniques with their associated challenges.To evaluate applications of sebum for clinical research, drug monitoring, and human biomonitoring.To provide a commentary of the opportunities of using sebum as a diagnostic biofluid in the future.MethodsBibliometric analyses of selected keywords regarding skin surface analysis using the Scopus search engine from 1960 to 2022 was performed on 12th January 2023. The published literature was compartmentalised based on what the work contributed to in the following areas: the understanding about sebum, its composition, the analytical technologies used, or the purpose of use of sebum. The findings were summarised in this review.ResultsHistorically, about 15 methods of sampling have been used for sebum collection. The sample preparation approaches vary depending on the analytes of interest and are summarised. The use of sebum is not limited to just skin diseases or drug monitoring but also demonstrated for other systemic disease. Most of the work carried out for untargeted analysis of metabolites associated with sebum has been in the recent two decades.ConclusionSebum has a huge potential beyond skin research and understanding how one’s physiological state affects or reflects on the skin metabolome via the sebaceous glands itself or by interactions with sebaceous secretion, will open doors for simpler biomonitoring. Sebum acts as a sink to environmental metabolites and has applications awaiting to be explored, such as biosecurity, cross-border migration, localised exposure to harmful substances, and high-throughput population screening. These applications will be possible with rapid advances in volatile headspace and lipidomics method development as well as the ability of the metabolomics community to annotate unknown species better. A key issue with skin surface analysis that remains unsolved is attributing the source of the metabolites found on the skin surface before meaningful biological interpretation.
Reframing Optimal Control Problems for Infectious Disease Management in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Igoe Morganne , Casagrandi Renato , Gatto Marino , Hoover Christopher M. , Mari Lorenzo , Ngonghala Calistus N. , Remais Justin V. , Sanchirico James N. , Sokolow Susanne H. , Lenhart Suzanne , de Leo Giulio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptimal control theory can be a useful tool to identify the best strategies for the management of infectious diseases. In most of the applications to disease control with ordinary differential equations, the objective functional to be optimized is formulated in monetary terms as the sum of intervention costs and the cost associated with the burden of disease. We present alternate formulations that express epidemiological outcomes via health metrics and reframe the problem to include features such as budget constraints and epidemiological targets. These alternate formulations are illustrated with a compartmental cholera model. The alternate formulations permit us to better explore the sensitivity of the optimal control solutions to changes in available budget or the desired epidemiological target. We also discuss some limitations of comprehensive cost assessment in epidemiology.
Spatial gradient consistency for unsupervised learning of hyperspectral demosaicking: application to surgical imaging
Authors: Li Peichao , Asad Muhammad , Horgan Conor , MacCormac Oscar , Shapey Jonathan , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to improve intraoperative decision making if tissue characterisation is performed in real-time and with high-resolution. Hyperspectral snapshot mosaic sensors offer a promising approach due to their fast acquisition speed and compact size. However, a demosaicking algorithm is required to fully recover the spatial and spectral information of the snapshot images. Most state-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms require ground-truth training data with paired snapshot and high-resolution hyperspectral images, but such imagery pairs with the exact same scene are physically impossible to acquire in intraoperative settings. In this work, we present a fully unsupervised hyperspectral image demosaicking algorithm which only requires exemplar snapshot images for training purposes.

Methods
We regard hyperspectral demosaicking as an ill-posed linear inverse problem which we solve using a deep neural network. We take advantage of the spectral correlation occurring in natural scenes to design a novel inter spectral band regularisation term based on spatial gradient consistency. By combining our proposed term with standard regularisation techniques and exploiting a standard data fidelity term, we obtain an unsupervised loss function for training deep neural networks, which allows us to achieve real-time hyperspectral image demosaicking.

Results
Quantitative results on hyperspetral image datasets show that our unsupervised demosaicking approach can achieve similar performance to its supervised counter-part, and significantly outperform linear demosaicking. A qualitative user study on real snapshot hyperspectral surgical images confirms the results from the quantitative analysis.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the proposed unsupervised algorithm can achieve promising hyperspectral demosaicking in real-time thus advancing the suitability of the modality for intraoperative use.
Provider Implicit Bias in Prescribing HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Dubov Alex , Krakower Douglas S. , Rockwood Nicholas , Montgomery Susanne , Shoptaw Steven 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Multiple HIV outbreaks among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) have occurred in the USA since 2015, highlighting the need for additional HIV prevention tools. Despite high levels of need, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is drastically underutilized among PWIDs. Implicit bias toward PWID held by clinicians may impede PrEP scale-up among these underserved patients. This study examined how primary care providers’ (PCPs) clinical decisions related to PrEP can be impacted by biases when the patient has a history of substance use.

Methods
We conducted an online survey of PCPs (n = 208). The survey included the implicit association test (IAT) to assess unconscious attitudes toward PWIDs, direct questions regarding clinicians’ explicit PWID attitudes, and an embedded experiment in which we systematically varied the risk behavior of a hypothetical patient and asked PCPs to make clinical judgments.

Results
A minority (32%) of PCPs reported explicit PWID bias. The IAT indicated strong implicit PWID bias (meant IAT score = 0.59, p < .0001) among 88% of the sample. Only 9% of PCPs had no implicit or explicit PWID bias. PWID patients were judged as less likely to adhere to a PrEP regimen, less responsible, and less HIV safety conscious than heterosexual or gay male patients. Anticipated lack of adherence mediated PCPs’ intent to prescribe PrEP to PWID.

Conclusions
PCPs’ bias may contribute to PrEP being under-prescribed to PWID. Implicit and explicit PWID biases were common in our sample. This study illustrates the need to develop and test tailored interventions to decrease biases against PWID in primary care settings.
Bariatric Surgery and Psychological Health: A Randomised Clinical Trial in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Murton Lynn M. , Plank Lindsay D. , Cutfield Rick , Kim David , Booth Michael W. C. , Murphy Rinki , Serlachius Anna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study investigated the impact of either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with silastic ring (SR-RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) types of bariatric surgery on psychological health and explored the role of pre-existing depressive symptoms on weight loss.

Materials and Methods
A total of 114 participants with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive SR-RYGB or SG at a single centre. Data from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), RAND 36-item Health Survey and body weight were collected before surgery and annually for 5 years.

Results
Sixteen patients were lost to follow-up at 5 years. Of the 98 patients who completed 5-year psychological follow-up assessments, 13 had mild to severe depressive symptoms (SR-RYGB n = 6, SG n = 7). SR-RYGB and SG resulted in similar psychological health improvement but percent weight loss at 5 years was greater for SR-RYGB by 10.6% (95% CI: 7.2 to 14.0, P < 0.0001). Scores for depressive symptoms and most RAND-36 domains improved significantly from baseline to 5 years in both groups. Patients with pre-existing depressive symptoms had similar percent weight loss at 5 years compared to patients without depressive symptoms, irrespective of procedural type.

Conclusion
Patients receiving either SR-RYGB or SG had comparable psychosocial functioning, which was maintained to 5 years post-surgery. Pre-existing depressive symptoms did not affect weight loss achieved at 5 years. These findings confirm previous longitudinal studies demonstrating that bariatric surgery is generally associated with improved psychosocial functioning.

Graphical Abstract
Interpreting the ‘Two Brothers’ at Manchester Museum: Science, Knowledge and Display
Authors: Price Campbell 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe intact tomb group of the so-called ‘Two Brothers’, dating to around 1850bce, was found at Deir Rifeh in Middle Egypt. Since its transfer to Manchester Museum in 1907, it has been central to the Museum’s extensive Egyptian collection—and of its celebratory history of Manchester Egyptology. Here, established interpretations of the ‘Brothers’s’ remains—often framed as a pioneering case of innovative scientific investigation in Egyptology—are critically assessed to highlight the contingency of such claims.
A novel method for assessing cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease based on wrist pulse analysis
Authors: Wu Wen-jie , Chen Rui , Guo Rui , Yan Jian-jun , Zhang Chun-ke , Wang Yi-qin , Yan Hai-xia , Zhang Ye-qing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The timely assessment of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) marking chronic heart failure risk in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) helps to reduce patients’ mortality.

Objective
To evaluate the potential of wrist pulse signals for use in the cardiac monitoring of patients with CHD.

Methods
A total of 419 patients with CHD were assigned to Group 1 (BNP < 95 pg/mL, n = 249), 2 (95 < BNP < 221 pg/mL, n = 85), and 3 (BNP > 221 pg/mL, n = 85) according to BNP levels. Wrist pulse signals were measured noninvasively. Both the time-domain method and multiscale entropy (MSE) method were used to extract pulse features. Decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) algorithms were employed to construct models for classifying three groups, and the models’ performance metrics were compared.

Results
The pulse features of the three groups differed significantly, suggesting different pathological states of the cardiovascular system in patients with CHD. Moreover, the RF models outperformed the DT models in performance metrics. Furthermore, the optimal RF model was that based on a dataset comprising both time-domain and MSE features, achieving accuracy, average precision, average recall, and average F1-score of 90.900%, 91.048%, 90.900%, and 90.897%, respectively.

Conclusions
The wrist pulse detection technology employed in this study is useful for assessing the cardiac function of patients with CHD.