bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallicity and age effects on lithium depletion in solar analogues
Authors: Martos Giulia , Meléndez Jorge , Rathsam Anne , Carvalho Silva Gabriela 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The lithium present in the photospheres of solar-type stars is transported to the inner parts by convection, reaching regions even somewhat below the convection zone, by non-standard transport mechanisms. In stars with deeper convective zones, this element can reach regions with temperatures sufficient enough to be destroyed, implying in a lower Li content. More metallic stars show a deepening of their convective zones, so they could deplete more Li in comparison with stars of lower metallicity. In order to verify this effect and its amplitude, we selected stars with ∼1 M⊙ and metallicities within a factor of two relative to the Sun. We studied a sample of 41 metal-rich and -poor solar analogues, and carried out a joint analysis with a sample of 77 solar twins from our previous work, resulting in a total sample of 118 stars covering the metallicity range −0.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ + 0.3 dex. We employed high-resolution (R = 115 000) and high-signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 400–1000) HARPS spectra and determined the atmospheric parameters using a line-by-line differential analysis and the Li abundance through spectral synthesis. The ages and masses of the whole sample were improved by refining the isochronal method. We also investigated the impact of planets on Li. We found robust anticorrelations between Li abundance and both metallicity and age, with a significance above 10σ in both cases. Our results agree qualitatively with theoretical predictions and are useful to constrain non-standard models of Li depletion, and to better understand transport and mixing mechanisms inside stars.
Synchrotron afterglow model for AT 2022cmc: jetted tidal disruption event or engine-powered supernova?
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Metzger Brian D 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
AT 2022cmc is a luminous optical transient (νLν ≳ 1045 erg s−1) accompanied by decaying non-thermal X-rays (peak duration tX ≲ days and isotropic energy EX,iso ≳ 1053 erg) and a long-lived radio/mm synchrotron afterglow, which has been interpreted as a jetted tidal disruption event (TDE). Both an equipartition analysis and a detailed afterglow model reveal the radio/mm emitting plasma to be expanding mildly relativistically (Lorentz factor $\Gamma \gtrsim \, \mathrm{ few}$ ) with an opening angle θj ≃ 0.1 and roughly fixed energy Ej,iso ≳ few × 1053 erg into an external medium of density profile n ∝ R−k with k ≃ 1.5–2, broadly similar to that of the first jetted TDE candidate Swift J1644+57 and consistent with Bondi accretion at a rate of ∼$10^{-3}\,\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$ on to a 106 M⊙ black hole before the outburst. The rapidly decaying optical emission over the first days is consistent with fast-cooling synchrotron radiation from the same forward shock as the radio/mm emission, while the bluer slowly decaying phase to follow likely represents a separate thermal emission component. Emission from the reverse shock may have peaked during the first days, but its non-detection in the optical band places an upper bound Γj ≲ 100 on the Lorentz factor of the unshocked jet. Although a TDE origin for AT 2022cmc is indeed supported by some observations, the vast difference between the short-lived jet activity phase tX ≲ days and the months-long thermal optical emission also challenges this scenario. A stellar core-collapse event giving birth to a magnetar or black hole engine of peak duration ∼1 d offers an alternative model also consistent with the circumburst environment, if interpreted as a massive star wind.
De-excitation rates of the newly discovered C5H+ in collision with He
Authors: Khadri F , Elabidi H , Hammami K 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Collisional excitation of C5H+ by He was performed by mean of state-of-the-art methods. A high level of theory quantum chemical calculations were made to determine the interaction potential energy surface of C5H+ with helium. The new two-dimensional potential energy surface obtained from the RCCSD(T)-F12 ab initio approach associated with aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets, presents two minima below its dissociation limit with well depths of $-101.8$ and $-100.2\, \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ . In order to derive accurate physical conditions from rotational transitions of the recently discovered C5H+ molecule in Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1), rate coefficients calculations are performed. The C5H+(X1Σ+)–He de-excitation rates are obtained after averaging cross-sections for thermal temperature below 100 K. The integral cross-sections are computed with the close-coupling quantum time-independent formalism for $E\le 520 \, \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ and J ≤ 15. The new collisional data will allow accurate determination of the C5H+ abundance and will help to understand the chemistry of carbon chain ions in the interstellar gas.
Optical darkness in short-duration γ-ray bursts
Authors: Gobat Caden , van der Horst Alexander J , Fitzpatrick David 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) categorically produce broad-band afterglow emission, but in some cases, emission in the optical band is dimmer than expected based on the contemporaneously observed X-ray flux. This phenomenon, aptly dubbed ‘optical darkness’, has been studied extensively in long GRBs (associated with the explosive deaths of massive stars), with possible explanations ranging from host environment extinction to high redshift to possibly unique emission mechanisms. However, investigations into optical darkness in short GRBs (associated with the mergers of compact object binaries) have thus far been limited. This work implements a procedure for determining the darkness of GRBs based on spectral indices calculated using temporally matched Swift–X-ray Telescope data and optical follow-up observations; presents a complete and up-to-date catalogue of known short GRBs that exhibit optical darkness; and outlines some of the possible explanations for optically dark short GRBs. In the process of this analysis, we developed versatile and scalable data processing code that facilitates reproducibility and reuse of our pipeline. These analysis tools and resulting complete sample of dark short GRBs enable a systematic statistical study of the phenomenon and its origins, and reveal that optical darkness is indeed quite rare in short GRBs, and highly dependent on observing response time and observational effects.
Constraining minimally extended varying speed of light by cosmological chronometers
Authors: Lee Seokcheon 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
At least one dimensionless physical constant (i.e. a physically observable) must change for the cosmic time to make the varying speed of light (VSL) models phenomenologically feasible. Various physical constants and quantities also should be functions of cosmic time to satisfy all known local laws of physics, including special relativity, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Adiabaticity is another necessary condition to keep the homogeneity and isotropy of three-dimensional space. To be a self-consistent theory, one should consider cosmic evolutions of physical constants and quantities when one derives Einstein’s field equations and their solutions. All these conditions are well-satisfied in the so-called minimally extended varying speed of light (meVSL) model. Unlike other VSL models, we show that the redshift-drift formula of the meVSL model is the same as a standard model. Therefore, we cannot use this as an experimental tool to verify the meVSL. Instead, one can still use the cosmological chronometers (CC) as a model-independent test of the meVSL. The current CC data cannot distinguish meVSL from the standard model (SM) when we adopt the best-fitting values (or Gaussian prior) of H0 and Ωm0 from the Planck mission. However, the CC data prefer the meVSL when we choose Pantheon22 data.
Analytical marginalization over photometric redshift uncertainties in cosmic shear analyses
Authors: Ruiz-Zapatero Jaime , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Alonso David , Ferreira Pedro G , García-García Carlos , Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
As the statistical power of imaging surveys grows, it is crucial to account for all systematic uncertainties. This is normally done by constructing a model of these uncertainties and then marginalizing over the additional model parameters. The resulting high dimensionality of the total parameter spaces makes inferring the cosmological parameters significantly more costly using traditional Monte Carlo sampling methods. A particularly relevant example is the redshift distribution, p($z$ ), of the source samples, which may require tens of parameters to describe fully. However, relatively tight priors can be usually placed on these parameters through calibration of the associated systematics. In this paper, we show, quantitatively, that a linearization of the theoretical prediction with respect to these calibrated systematic parameters allows us to analytically marginalize over these extra parameters, leading to a factor of ∼30 reduction in the time needed for parameter inference, while accurately recovering the same posterior distributions for the cosmological parameters that would be obtained through a full numerical marginalization over 160 p($z$ ) parameters. We demonstrate that this is feasible not only with current data and current achievable calibration priors but also for future Stage-IV data sets.
Resonant scattering of the O vii X-ray emission line in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 galaxies
Authors: Nelson Dylan , Byrohl Chris , Ogorzalek Anna , Markevitch Maxim , Khabibullin Ildar , Churazov Eugene , Zhuravleva Irina , Bogdan Akos , Chakraborty Priyanka , Kilbourne Caroline , Kraft Ralph , Pillepich Annalisa , Sarkar Arnab , Schellenberger Gerrit , Su Yuanyuan , Truong Nhut , Vladutescu-Zopp Stephan , Wijers Nastasha 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the impact of resonantly scattered X-ray line emission on the observability of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. We apply a Monte Carlo radiative transfer post-processing analysis to the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation. This allows us to model the resonant scattering of  O vii(r) X-ray photons within the complex, multiphase, multiscale CGM. The resonant transition of the O vii He-like triplet is one of the brightest, and most promising, X-ray emission lines for detecting the hot CGM and measuring its physical properties. We focus on galaxies with stellar masses $10.0\lt \log {(M_\star /\rm {M_\odot })}\lt 11.0$ at z ≃ 0. After constructing a model for  O vii(r) emission from the central galaxy, as well as from CGM gas, we forward model these intrinsic photons to derive observable surface brightness maps. We find that scattering significantly boosts the observable  O vii(r) surface brightness of the extended and diffuse CGM. This enhancement can be large – an order of magnitude on average at a distance of 200 projected kpc for high-mass M⋆ = 1010.7 M⊙ galaxies. The enhancement is larger for lower mass galaxies and can even reach a factor of 100, across the extended CGM. Galaxies with higher star formation rates, AGN luminosities, and central  O vii(r) luminosities all have larger scattering enhancements, at fixed stellar mass. Our results suggest that next-generation X-ray spectroscopic missions, including XRISM, LEM, ATHENA, and HUBS – which aim to detect the hot CGM in emission – could specifically target haloes with significant enhancements due to resonant scattering.
The most massive Population III stars
Authors: Chantavat Teeraparb , Chongchitnan Siri , Silk Joseph 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent data from the JWST suggest that there are realistic prospects for detecting the earliest generation of stars at redshift ∼20. These metal-poor, gaseous Population III (Pop III) stars are likely in the mass range $10\!-\!10^3\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ . We develop a framework for calculating the abundances of Pop III stars as well as the distribution of the most massive Pop III stars based on an application of extreme-value statistics. Our calculations use the star formation rate density from a recent simulation to calibrate the star formation efficiency from which the Pop III stellar abundances are derived. Our extreme-value modelling suggests that the most massive Pop III stars at redshifts 10 &lt; z &lt; 20 are likely to be $\gtrsim 10^3\!-\!10^4\, {\rm M}_\odot$ . Such extreme Pop III stars were sufficiently numerous to be the seeds of supermassive black holes at high redshifts and possibly source detectable gravitational waves. We conclude that the extreme-value formalism provides an effective way to constrain the stellar initial mass function.
An approximate analytical solution for radial evolution of homologous collapse
Authors: Zhou Yixin , Wu Baisheng , Lim C W , Zhong Huixiang 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The homologous collapse of a sphere of uniform density from a resting state under its self-gravity has been used to model the formation of astronomical objects. It is well known that the evolution of the radius with time cannot be obtained explicitly because of the need to solve a transcendental equation of cycloidal parameter with respect to time. By combining the Padé approximation and the Schröder formula, we construct an approximate analytical solution of radius as a function of time. Our method is a direct method rather than an iteration method and it requires only solving a cubic equation and evaluating three trigonometric functions. Compared with the existing methods, the accuracy and effectiveness of this method are clearly illustrated.
Zinc trafficking: 1,10-phenanthroline, glutathione, and other metal binding ligands form adducts with proteomic Zn2+
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Lund Eric , Petering David H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hypotheses were tested that the proteome of pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells (i) contains Zn-proteins that react with a diversity of native and pharmacologically active metal-binding ligands to form ternary complexes and (ii) includes proteins that bind Zn2+ nonspecifically and together form ternary adducts with a variety of metal-binding agents. The method to observe ternary complex formation with Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn involved preformation of fluorescent TSQ [6-Methoxy-(8-p-toluenesulfonamido)quinoline]–Zn-proteins and/or proteome•Zn–TSQ adducts followed by competitive reaction with selected ligands. The loss of TSQ-dependent fluorescence signaled the replacement of TSQ by the competing ligand in the starting adducts. In vitro, 1,10-phenanthroline competed effectively with TSQ for binding to Zn-proteins in the proteome. The successful competition of 1,10-phenanthroline with TSQ–Zn-proteins was also observed in cells. Similarly, 1,10-phenanthroline was shown to bind to a sizable fraction of Zn2+ associated adventitiously with proteome (proteome•Zn). Other synthetic ligands that bind to Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn include 2,2-bipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2ʹ-dicarboxypyridine, and pyrithione. Such results suggest that ligand binding to such sites may play a role in the observed biological effects of these and other metal-binding molecules. Although cysteine does not significantly compete with TSQ, glutathione displaces TSQ from Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn at concentrations well below those found in cells, implying that ternary complex formation involving glutathione may be physiologically significant.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and mental well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Juanyi , Wang Christy , Tomiyama A Janet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Context
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is one of the most commonly prescribed diets for preventing and controlling hypertension. However, the relationship between the DASH diet and mental health and well-being has yet to be systematically understood.

Objective
To fill this gap, the present review systematically examined the current literature on the association between the DASH diet and mental health.

Data Sources
The Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases were systematically searched to identify eligible publications up to May 2021. Interventional and observational studies published in English allowing for inferences about mental well-being were included.

Data Extraction
Two authors independently assessed the quality of reviewed studies using the NIH quality assessment tool and extracted qualitative data. Conflicts were adjudicated by the senior author.

Data Analysis
A total of 16 studies involving 48 824 participants were included in the final review: Ten were observational studies and 6 were randomized controlled trials. On average, the methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Mixed results on psychological measures were reported, but in general, the DASH diet was associated with better mental well-being. Five observational studies supported a negative association between adherence to the DASH diet and depressive symptoms/depression. Four randomized controlled trials provided evidence of the beneficial effects of the DASH diet on mental health, including quality of life and emotional symptoms.

Conclusion
The DASH diet likely has positive effects on mental well-being, but the results were inconsistent across different studies, which might be likely due to differences in methods of assessments of the DASH diet and mental health outcomes. Well-powered randomized controlled trials with mental well-being as the primary outcome are needed in the future.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021267667.
Medieval Latin
Authors: Cardelle de Hartmann Carmen , Binotto Dario 
Published: April 2023

The term Medieval Latin refers to Latin from c. 500 until c. 1500 ce. In the first few centuries, Medieval Latin defines texts which contrive to follow the rules of formal literary language, in contrast to Vulgar Latin, which describes the non-formal registers of spoken language. Throughout its history, Medieval Latin texts often deviate from the usage of the canonical classical literature that was closely studied. The departures are owing partly to changes already evident in the grammatical writings and Christian poetry of Late Antiquity. Later developments reflect the influence of spoken languages (especially the Romance vernaculars) and the need of denominations for new realities. Most medieval authors received instruction in ecclesiastical institutions and many became clerics. Consequently their Latin was shaped by their daily readings and recitations from the Bible, liturgy, and Church Fathers. From the fourteenth century onward, the humanists endeavored to describe the usage of classical authors and to reestablish Classical Latin as a literary language. Medieval Latin orthography differs markedly from Classical. The differences may reflect the pronunciation of authors and scribes, but some variation also seems to have been tolerated. Some changes even became the new accepted norm (for instance e instead ae/oe from the twelfth century on). Morphological and syntactical changes mostly represent late antique developments which are continued and intensified, either through the influence of the spoken language or of the late antique readings. The greatest innovation, however, can be observed in vocabulary. The word stock was expanded through semantic adaptation and morphological changes, as well as through the incorporation of foreign words and neologisms. Medieval texts present a great range of linguistic variation, depending on the linguistic competence of the author, the register (for example administrative, literary, and legal language), and the style. Regional differences depend on the language spoken and school traditions, while other changes evolve over time. Moreover, many authors do not hesitate to depart from classical models by creating new genres, styles, and registers, sometimes by combining old ones. They adopt and further develop Late Antique innovations, such as the use of rhythm and rhyme.
Carson McCullers
Authors: Dews Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Lula Carson Smith McCullers (b. 1917–d. 1967), known most commonly as Carson McCullers, was an American novelist, writer of short stories, essayist, playwright, poet, and children’s author, born and raised in Columbus, Georgia, who spent most of her adult life outside the South, primarily in New York City. McCullers left her native region permanently with the publication of her first novel in 1940, when she was only twenty-three years old. Heralded as a wunderkind following the success of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, she went on to write four more novels, Reflections in a Golden Eye (1941), The Member of the Wedding (1946), The Ballad of the Sad Café (1951), and Clock Without Hands (1961). McCullers also found success on the stage with the award-winning production of her first play, The Member of the Wedding (1950), a stage adaptation of her novel, that ran for 501 performances on Broadway. A second play, The Square Root of Wonderful (1958), was not well received by critics and closed after only forty-five performances. McCullers’s work has proven popular for adaptation. With the exception of Clock Without Hands, all her novels have been adapted for the screen and some of her short stories, including “A Domestic Dilemma,” “A Tree. A Rock. A Cloud,” and “The Sojourner,” have been adapted as short films or for television. Due to a misdiagnosed and improperly treated case of childhood rheumatic disease, McCullers was plagued with ill health for most of her life. She had a series of increasingly debilitating strokes beginning in her early twenties that continued and ultimately led to her death on 29 September 1967 at age fifty. McCullers’s legacy seems secure, due in large part to the continued critical and popular interest in her work, especially The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, selected in a 1998 list by the Modern Library as the seventeenth of the one hundred most important 20th-century novels, and by Time magazine as one of the top one hundred novels published between 1923 and 2005. McCullers, elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1952, was a part of a group of writers from the American South seen as the literary representatives of the region in the middle decades of the twentieth century. Critical response to McCullers’s work is characterized by attention to her consideration of adolescence; disability; loneliness and the search for belonging, love, and understanding; gender and sexual identity; racial discrimination and racism; empathy; the outsider; freaks and freakishness; and what many mislabel as the Southern gothic or grotesque aspects of her work.