bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Short RNA Motifs Potentially Relevant in the SARS-CoV-2 Genome
Authors: Fuertes Miguel Angel , Alonso Carlos 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The coronavirus disease has led to an exhaustive exploration of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Despite the amount of information accumulated, the prediction of short RNA motifs encoding peptides mediating protein-protein or protein-drug interactions has received limited attention.

Objective:
The study aims to predict short RNA motifs that are potentially interspersed in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.

objective:
The study aims to predict short RNA motifs potentially relevant in the SARS-CoV-2 genome

Methods:
A method in which 14 trinucleotide families, each characterized by being composed of triplets with identical nucleotides in all possible configurations, was used to find short peptides with biological relevance. The novelty of the approach lies in using these families to search how they are distributed across genomes of different CoV genera and then to compare the distributions of these families with each other.

Results:
We identified distributions of trinucleotide families in different CoV genera and also how they are related, using a selection criterion that identified short RNA motifs. The motifs were reported to be conserved in SARS-CoVs; in the remaining CoV genomes analysed, motifs contained, exclusively, different configurations of the trinucleotides A, T, G and A, C, G. Eighty-eight short RNA motifs, ranging in length from 12 to 49 nucleotides, were found: 50 motifs in the 1a polyprotein-encoding orf, 27 in the 1b polyprotein-encoding orf, 5 in the spike-encoding orf, and 6 in the nucleocapsid-encoding orf. Although some motifs (~27%) were found to be intercalated or attached to functional peptides, most of them have not yet been associated with any known functions

Conclusion:
Some of the trinucleotide family distributions in different CoV genera are not random; they are present in short peptides that, in many cases, are intercalated or attached to functional sites of the proteome.
Benzothiazole as a Promising Scaffold for the Development of Antifungal
Agents
Authors: Tratrat Christophe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Despite great efforts in the discovery of antifungal drugs in the last two decades, the increasing
incidence of infectious diseases from diverse pathogenic fungi threatens public healthcare
and medical sector. Particularly, the invasive infection caused by the yeast Candida Albicans in
immunocompromised patients has been widely reported with 25-55% of mortality rate. The major
concerns faced by the use of current antifungal agents are the development of fungal resistance, side
effects, toxicity, narrow spectrum of fungal activity, and constraints in the route of administration.
However, among the four known classes of antifungal drugs currently used in therapy against invasive
fungal infections, only one novel antifungal class has been approved by the FDA in 2021 for
medical use. In addition, two derivatives with the identification of their corresponding novel molecular
targets are currently in the last phase of clinical trial. In this context, the discovery of novel
compounds with potential antifungal activity needs to be explored urgently in order to address these
concerns. Among various heterocycles, benzothiazole presents a privileged scaffold for developing
bio-active compounds with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Many derivatives incorporating
the benzothiazole core have been reported to display prominent activity against a variety of
non-resistant and resistant fungal microorganisms and have been found to be very attractive for the
development of novel antifungal agents. Therefore, in this review, the latest advances in the discovery
of benzothiazole-containing antifungal agents are summarized with an emphasis on their spectrum
of activity and their structure-activity relationship. We hope that this study will provide researchers
structural insight into antifungal molecules for the development of the next generation of
antifungal drugs.
A Mini Review on Pharmacological Significance of Isatin-1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids
Authors: Kumar Aman , Rohila Yajat , Kumar Vijay , Lal Kashmiri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Molecular hybridization is one of the recent stratagems in medicinal chemistry to synthesize
a novel hybrid molecule having better affinity and efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophoric
moieties. Molecular hybridization, i.e., a linker or framework integration technique, can be
used to connect the two pharmacophoric components. It has often been found that hybrid compounds
perform more effectively and possess lower toxicity than their parent molecules. In order to
create a new generation of effective and safe therapeutic candidates, such as anti-cancer, anti-viral,
anti-HIV, antioxidant, and antibacterial, for a variety of frontline diseases, several articles have been
published that discuss the molecular hybridization of preclinically or clinically proven compounds.
Isatin and its derivatives have been studied extensively due to diversified biological activities, including
antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, antioxidant, anticonvulsant,
etc. Similarly, 1,2,3-triazoles have received significant interest as a bio-isostere in medicinal
chemistry for generating a large number of pharmaceutically significant molecules. As it possesses
diversified physiochemical properties, such as hydrogen bond formation capacity, ease of synthesis,
moderate dipole moment, stability towards acidic/basic hydrolysis, inertness towards oxidizing/
reducing agents, and good binding potential with several biological targets, triazole is an important
choice of the medicinal chemists for the novel medication development. The aim of the current
review is to summarize the research articles showing the pharmacological significance of hybrid
molecules containing isatin and 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The present review may assist chemists
in designing and synthesizing isatin-1,2,3-triazole hybrids with better efficacy and low cytotoxicity.
In silico Exploration of Interaction Profile of Fructan 6G-Fructosyltransferase
(6G-FTT) Enzyme with its Substrate 1-Kestose From
Cichorium Intybus in Order to Determine Active Site of this Conjugation
Authors: Taj Gohar , Ahamad Shadab , Upadhayay Viabhav Kumar , Tiwari Apoorv 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Chicory, or ‘Cichorium intybus’, is an erect perennial herb that can be used to treat a
variety of diseases, including enteric sickness, diabetes, haemorrhoids, malaria, allergies, digestive
issues, and more. The enzyme, called 6G-FFT, uses 1-kestose as a substrate for the synthesis of
the more complex and branched fructans. To understand the residues involved in this conjugation
reaction between 6G-FFT and 1-kestose, molecular docking study was performed. The amino acids
ASP157, ASP33, SER32, TRP57, GLU211, ASP244, and GLU117 of the 6G-FFT protein
showed a good interaction with the ligand by SP (Standard Precision) docking studies. Results for
XP (Extra Precision) docking studies also suggest the amino acids THR153, GLU117, ASP244,
GLU211, TRP57, ASP33 and ASP157 interact with the docking score of -10.6 Kcal/mol. Among
these interacting amino acids, GLU117, ASP244, GLU211, TRP57, ASP33, and ASP157 were
found to be common in both methods. This in silico study will be beneficial for further exploring
conjugation reactions in Cichorium intybus.
MRI Findings of Periarticular Lesions with Isolated Greater Tubercle
Fractures and Dislocation
Authors: Yoon Yu Sung , Cha Jang Gyu 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To identify MRI findings for injuries to periarticular soft tissue structures that
were related to isolated greater tubercle fracture.

Materials and Methods:
16 patients (mean age: 53.8, range 30-71 yrs) were enrolled and diagnosed
with isolated greater tubercle (GT) fracture with CT and MRI and underwent shoulder arthroscopy
from September 2009 to April 2019. Two musculoskeletal radiologists were blinded to the patient
history and arthroscopic surgical findings and reviewed patient’s CT and MRI. Fracture displacement,
fracture center, and presence of bony Bankart lesion with Hill sachs lesion were checked on shoulder
CT. Soft tissue injuries, including rotator cuff injury, deltoid muscle injury, long head of biceps tendon
injury, capsular injury, glenoid injury, and injury location of the subscapularis and infraspinatus were
checked on shoulder MRI.

Results:
MRI showed supraspinatus injury (56.3%), subscapularis injury (56.3%), deltoid muscle injury
(25%), infraspinatus injury (25%), teres minor muscle injury (37.5%), injury of the long head of the
biceps tendon (43.8%), inferior glenohumeral ligament tear (87.5%), superior labral anterior-toposterior
lesion (25%), Bankart lesion (18.8%), and Hill-Sachs lesion (6.3%). 88.9% of subscapularis
injuries and 75% of infraspinatus injuries showed caudal predominance. All of the patients with infraspinatus
injuries showed concomitant teres minor muscle injuries. In order of frequency, the fracture
centers were anterior (25%), posterior (31.3%), and all (43.8%). For patients with Bankart and Hill-
Sachs lesions, the fracture center included the posterior portion in all cases.

Conclusion:
MRI and active arthroscopic examinations may be valuable when an isolated GT avulsion
fracture is identified on X-ray examination.
Calcified Fibrin Sheath Embolism of Bilateral Pulmonary Arteries: A
Second Case of the Literature
Authors: Gürhan Abdi , Kılınçer Abidin 
Published: February 2023

Introduction/Background:
Central venous catheters, which provide a unique convenience
in the management of critical patients, have many advantages, as well as early and late complications.
Early complications include pneumothorax, vascular perforation, hematoma formation, air embolism,
or catheter malposition that may occur during or shortly after catheter insertion. Late complications
include infection, venous stenosis, catheter thrombosis, and catheter tip migration. In the literature,
embolization of a calcified fibrin sheath due to a central venous catheter to the pulmonary artery has
been reported only in one case

Case Presentation:
The purpose of this report is to present bilateral pulmonary artery embolism in a
patient who presented with cough and chest pain caused by calcified fibrin sheath of the port catheter
removed before that was used for regular chemotherapeutic infusions due to liposarcoma, as the second
case in the literature with imaging findings. The patient underwent medical treatment, and as a result of
the treatment, symptoms regressed.

Conclusion:
Central venous catheters have many complications, and although it is rare, pulmonary
embolism is one of them. The embolism of a calcified sheath is even rare, but it is still possible. However,
an embolism can cause significant morbidity and even mortality for a patient if it occurs. As physicians,
we should be aware of this entity to diagnose.
Natural Compounds for Carcinoma Therapy by Wingless Signaling Pathway
Down-regulation
Authors: Ojha Smriti , Mishra Rahul Kumar , Mishra Sudhanshu , Singh Amrita , Kumari Shweta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Cancer is a prominent cause of death that places a significant financial strain on the healthcare system. Because of its prevalence, there is unquestionably unmet need for new chemotherapeutics. Atypical activation and deregulation of the wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway are considered one of the major causes of various types of carcinomas. This receptor activation is directly correlated with the activation of β -catenin and β -catenin-dependent transcription. In the modern era of drug development, natural compounds have shown to be an unrivaled source of anticancer medications. Herbal compounds have been identified as potent β-catenin signaling inhibitors, mainly by their downregulation, modulating its phosphorylation, increasing ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction, blocking nuclear translocation, or other molecular mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that these natural product inhibitors can prevent and treat cancer in a variety of cancer models. Natural products have the potential to be promising novel molecules for cancer treatment, making them an essential topic of study. The importance of natural products in blocking the numerous signaling pathways that promote carcinogenesis is explored in this review, paving the way for developing and discovering anticancer medicines.
Analysis of Organic Components in Various Butyl Rubber Closures and
their Compatibility Study with Cefamandole Nafate by HPLC/GC-MS
Authors: Xu Bingyong , Gao Jiarui , Tang Kaixian , Zhang Fengmei , Liu Shan , Su Weike , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2023

Background:
To control the quality of various butyl rubber closures and assess their
applicability to cefamandole nafate, HPLC/ GC-MS methods were developed to qualitatively and
quantitatively analyze the organic components in various types of butyl rubber closures and drug
powder of cefamandole nafate for injection, and migration of these components from rubber closures
to drug also were studied.

Materials and Methods:
The chemical components in the rubber closures and corresponding
drug were identified by GC-MS in full scan mode and NIST mass library. A GC-MS method in
SIM mode was established to quantitatively analyze siloxane compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons
and saturated chain-hydrocarbons in rubber closures and drugs. An HPLC method was established
to quantitatively analyze antioxidants and sulfides from rubber closures and drugs. The
turbidity values of powder for injection were measured by a turbidimeter. Further, the correlation
between the content of organic components in the drug and the clarity of the solution was analyzed.

Results:
It was found that the chemical components were released from butyl rubber closures and
migrated to the drug, which influenced solution clarity of cefamandole nafate for injection and
was the main factor to cause solution turbidity of powder for injection. The gradual migration of
components occurred over time with the use of common butyl rubber closures, but the coated butyl
rubber closures (rubber plated with membrane) were coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene
film to block the contact between rubber closures and the drug, and could effectively prevent the
migration of the components from rubber closures to drugs. The organic components in the butyl
rubber closures were mainly identified as siloxanes, saturated chain-hydrocarbons, and antioxidants.
An unknown ingredient was identified as 1-piperidinecarboxaldehyde, and trace amounts
of toxic toluene were also detected within limits.

Conclusion:
It is suggested that rubber plated with membrane or rubber closures of high quality
were applicable to cefamandole nafate for injection and should be used in its production. HPLC/
GC-MS methods can be used as an effective method for quality control of butyl rubber closures
and compatibility research with drugs to ensure drug safety for the public.
Biogenic Synthesis of Different forms of Bio-caped Silver Nanoparticles
using Microcystis sp. and its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Omar Rania , Ibraheem Ibraheem B. M. , Hassan Sherif , Elsayed Khaled N.M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Nanobiotechnology is a cutting-edge field that is revolutionizing the
way we produce and utilize nanoparticles. With bacteria becoming increasingly resistant to traditional
antibiotics, researchers are exploring new ways to synthesize antimicrobials.

Objective::
The aim of this study was to investigate the biosynthesis of different forms of silver
nanoparticles using different biological methods from Microcystis sp. to be used as an antimicrobial
agent.

Methods:
We employed the direct strain powder method, ethanolic extract pellets, and ethanolic
extract. Then a combination of analytical techniques was used to characterize the properties of
nanoproperties. Finally, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs against a panel of
bacteria and fungi.

Results:
AgNPs were found in various forms, such as cubic, spherical, and rod shapes. UV-Vis
detected a peak at 420 nm, and SEM identified the AgNPs with bio-capped layers ranging from
40-130 nm. The antibacterial test revealed that the pellet method produced the most effective
AgNPs, specifically against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp. with a clear zone
of 32 mm, while the larger cubic AgNPs produced by the powder method were less effective as
antibacterial agents.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that AgNPs can be produced using Microcysts sp. as a
reducing and capping agent; furthermore, they are produced in different shapes as cubic, spherical,
and rod shapes. Besides that, cubic nanoparticles are more effective in killing germs than
spherical ones. The results of this study will help to improve our understanding of the mechanisms
of AgNPs biosynthesis and pave the way for the development of new and more effective
antimicrobial agents.
Optimization and Antioxidant Activity Of C-Phycocyanin Isolated from Spirulina Platensis Under Different Salinity Stress
Authors: Mandal Paromita , Haque Natasha Nafisa , Zenat Elina Akther , Sarkar Mohammad Khairul Islam , Munshi John Liton , Rahman Md. Zamilur 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Following preliminary investigations, Spirulina platensis was chosen for cultivation in either normal or stress medium (Zarrouk) under room conditions to assess the possibility of increasing the total phycobiliprotein content (TPC) and their chemical constituents: C-phycocyanin (C-PC), allophycocyanin (APC), and phycoerythrin (PE), as well as the biomass production of the selected algae under the following stressed conditions.

Method:
Various techniques were used to separate, purify, and characterize TPC material. The antioxidant activity of DPPH against free radicals was determined. According to this study, salinity stress with an optimal amount of carbon and nitrogen affects the biomass production of Spirulina platensis as well as its pigments. The results showed that increased TPC content in SP cells was closely related to rising NaCl concentrations in the medium. This study found that NaCl increases the biomass of Spirulina sp. and its total pigment content, which was 5g/L.

Result:
Culture growth in the Freezing-thawing method produced the highest C-PC (65.76 mg/g) and purity (0.475), while the sonication method produced 50.18 mg/g and 0.6. Increasing the NaCl concentration above 5 g/l, on the other hand, had no discernible effect on phycocyanin content or purity. TPC of SP (grown in stress NaCl) with high levels of C-PC groups demonstrated strong antioxidant potential when compared to ascorbic acid (standard antioxidant). Isolation, purification, and determination of antioxidant activity of C-Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis cultured under different salt stress should be further investigated.

Conclusion:
The model’s adequacy was confirmed by extracting the C-phycocyanin under the optimum values suggested by the models. Results showed that could be a better method for C-phycocyanin extraction from S. platanssis in terms of antioxidant activity.
Medicinal Importance, Pharmacological Activity and Analytical Aspects of
Flavonoid ‘Irisflorentin’ from Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Flavonoids are an important class of phytochemicals found to be present in plants and
their derived products. Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine
for multiple therapeutic purposes for a very long time. Belamcanda chinensis have been reported
to have antipyretic, antidote, expectorant, antiphlogistic, and analgesic activity in the scientific
fields. Scientific information on irisflorentin for its medicinal importance and pharmacological
activity has been collected through electronic search engines, including Science Direct,
Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, and analyzed in the present investigation in order
to know the biological potential of irisflorentin. However, analytical aspects of irisflorentin are
also discussed in the present work. Further detailed pharmacological activity data of irisflorentin
have been collected and analyzed in the present work in order to know the therapeutic potential of
irisflorentin in medicine. Scientific data analysis of different research work signified the biological
importance and therapeutic benefit of Belamcanda chinensis and irisflorentin in medicine.
Scientific data analysis revealed the biological effectiveness of irisflorentin against Parkinson's
disease, inflammation, cancer, and brain disorders. Further scientific data analysis also signified
the biological potential of irisflorentin for its α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and immunotherapeutic
adjuvant in medicine. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic parameters have also been discussed
in the present work. Analytical data showed the importance of various analytical methods
for separation, identification and estimation of irisflorentin in different biological samples. Scientific
data analysis of various research works signified the biological potential and therapeutic effectiveness
of irisflorentin in medicine. However, clinical data of irisflorentin should be also investigated
in order to know their pharmacokinetic parameters and safety issue in medicine.

Results:
Scientific data analysis of different research work signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of Belamcanda chinensis and irisflorentin in medicine. Scientific data analysis revealed the biological effectiveness of irisflorentin against Parkinson's disease, inflammation, cancer, and brain disorders. Further scientific data analysis also signified the biological potential of irisflorentin for its α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and immunotherapeutic adjuvant in medicine. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic parameters have also been discussed in the present work. Analytical data showed the importance of various analytical methods for separation, identification and estimation of irisflorentin in different biological samples.
Rajonivritti : A Physiological Study
Authors: Anita Bhardwaj  , Deepak kumar Sharma  
Published: February 2023

Perimenopause has become an important health issue for women with increasing life expectancy. Most of Perimenopausal women expercience various somatic & Phychological symptoms. Rajonivritti is consider as a normal physiological process in body, which an indication of Jaravastha (ageing) in women's life. Ageing is natural in every individual that is "Nishpratikrya", that mean it cannot be stopped. It this study total 100 women were selected for the evaluation of physiological status of Rajonivritti. These all women divided into two groups, (A) Premenopausal, (B) Post menopausal. The women in whom menstruation stop atleast 12 consecutive months, put into post menopausal class. A Survey questionnaire was prepared for the details about physiology & other information. In this study, it was observed that food-habits, lifestyle, Sleep pattern, Kostha, Agni effect the Rajonivritti. Jara, Vata Vridhi, Pitta Vridhi, Kapha Kshaya, Artava Kshaya etc. all these factors play role in causing symptomatology of perimenopausal syndrome.