bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Training and Healthy Diet Improved Bowel Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Fatigue in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Scheffers Linda Elisabeth , Vos Iris K. , Utens E.M.W.J. , Dieleman G.C. , Walet S. , Escher J.C. , van den Berg L.E.M. ,   on behalf of the Rotterdam Exercise Team
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Physical activity programs have been suggested as adjunctive therapy in adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We assessed the effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention in children with IBD.

Methods:
This study was a randomized semi-crossover controlled trial, investigating a 12-week lifestyle program (3 physical training sessions per week plus personalized healthy dietary advice) in children with IBD. Endpoints were physical fitness (maximal and submaximal exercise capacity, strength, and core stability), patient-reported outcomes (quality of life, fatigue, and fears for exercise), clinical disease activity (fecal calprotectin and disease activity scores), and nutritional status (energy balance and body composition). Change in maximal exercise capacity (peak VO2) was the primary endpoint; all others were secondary endpoints.

Results:
Fifteen patients (median age 15 [IQR: 12–16]) completed the program. At baseline, peak VO2 was reduced (median 73.3% [58.8–100.9] of predicted). After the 12-week program, compared to the control period, peak VO2 did not change significantly; exercise capacity measured by 6-minute walking test and core-stability did. While medical treatment remained unchanged, Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index decreased significantly versus the control period (15 [3–25] vs 2.5 [0–5], P = 0.012), and fecal calprotectin also decreased significantly but not versus the control period. Quality of life (IMPACT-III) improved on 4 out of 6 domains and total score (+13 points) versus the control period. Parents-reported quality of life on the child health questionnaire and total fatigue score (PedsQoL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale) also improved significantly versus the control period.

Conclusions:
A 12-week lifestyle intervention improved bowel symptoms, quality of life, and fatigue in pediatric IBD patients.
Rewarming Young Children After Drowning-Associated Hypothermia and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Analysis Using the CAse REport Guideline
Authors: Andre Maya Caroline , Vuille-Dit-Bille Raphael Nicolas , Berset Andreas , Hammer Jürg 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is recommended in adults with drowning-associated hypothermia and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our experience of managing a drowned 2-year-old girl with hypothermia (23°C) and cardiac arrest (58 min) prompted this summary using the CAse REport (CARE) guideline to address the question of optimal rewarming procedure in such patients.

DESIGN/PATIENTS:
Following the CARE guideline, we identified 24 reports in the “PubMed database” describing children less than or equal to 6 years old with a temperature less than or equal to 28°C who had been rewarmed using conventional intensive care ± ECMO. Adding our patient, we were able to analyze a total of 57 cases.

MAIN RESULTS:
The two groups (ECMO vs non-ECMO) differed with respect to submersion time, pH and potassium but not age, temperature or duration of cardiac arrest. However, 44 of 44 in the ECMO group were pulseless on arrival versus eight of 13 in the non-ECMO group. Regarding survival, 12 of 13 children (92%) undergoing conventional rewarming survived compared with 18 of 44 children (41%) undergoing ECMO. Among survivors, 11 of 12 children (91%) in the conventional group and 14 of 18 (77%) in the ECMO group had favorable outcome. We failed to identify any correlation between “rewarming rate” and “outcome.”

CONCLUSIONS:
In this summary analysis, we conclude that conventional therapy should be initiated for drowned children with OHCA. However, if this therapy does not result in return of spontaneous circulation, a discussion of withdrawal of intensive care might be prudent when core temperature has reached 34°C. We suggest further work is needed using an international registry.
Intensive Care Interventions Among Children With Toxicologic Exposures to Cardiovascular Medications
Authors: Simpson Michael D. , Watson C. James , Whitledge James D. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Burns Michele M. ,   on behalf of the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC)
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Interventions requiring a PICU are rare in toxicologic exposures, but cardiovascular medications are high-risk exposures due to their hemodynamic effects. This study aimed to describe prevalence of and risk factors for PICU interventions among children exposed to cardiovascular medications.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of Toxicology Investigators Consortium Core Registry from January 2010 to March 2022.

SETTING:
International multicenter research network of 40 sites.

PATIENTS:
Patients 18 years old or younger with acute or acute-on-chronic toxicologic exposure to cardiovascular medications. Patients were excluded if exposed to noncardiovascular medications or if symptoms were documented as unlikely related to exposure.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 1,091 patients in the final analysis, 195 (17.9%) received PICU intervention. One hundred fifty-seven (14.4%) received intensive hemodynamic interventions and 602 (55.2%) received intervention in general. Children less than 2 years old were less likely to receive PICU intervention (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20–0.86). Exposures to alpha-2 agonists (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.11–3.72) and antiarrhythmics (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.41–12.90) were associated with PICU intervention. In the sensitivity analysis removing atropine from the composite outcome PICU intervention, only exposures to calcium channel antagonists (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.09–4.11) and antiarrhythmics (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 1.57–14.81) were independently associated with PICU intervention. No independent association was identified between PICU intervention and gender, polypharmacy, intentionality or acuity of exposure, or the other medication classes studied.

CONCLUSIONS:
PICU interventions were uncommon but were associated with exposure to antiarrhythmic medications, calcium channel antagonists, and alpha-2 agonists. As demonstrated via sensitivity analysis, exact associations may depend on institutional definitions of PICU intervention. Children less than 2 years old are less likely to require PICU interventions. In equivocal cases, age and exposure to certain cardiovascular medication classes may be useful to guide appropriate disposition.
Effectiveness of implementation strategies to improve nutrition education interventions in adults living in rural and/or low-income communities
Authors: Gholar Victoria M. , Christian Robin 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this project was to promote evidence-based practice and identify how to best implement nutrition education interventions for adults living in rural and/or low-income communities.

Introduction:
Adults living in rural and/or low-income communities are at increased risk for poor nutrition and chronic health conditions. Patients are referred to the EversCare Clinic (ECC), an ambulatory clinic at an academic medical center in Mississippi, USA, to receive assistance with social needs. In addition to living in rural and/or low-income communities, over 90% of the patients seen at the ECC are food-insecure, yet nutrition education is inconsistently provided.

Methods:
The JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) and the Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit and feedback tools were used. The ECC team conducted a baseline audit of 30 patient electronic health records, designed and implemented best-practice nutrition education strategies, and completed a follow-up audit of 30 patient electronic health records. Four evidence-based criteria for nutrition education in adults living in rural and/or low-income communities were audited, and various interventions were used to address multiple levels.

Results:
The baseline audit revealed patients were not receiving recommended nutrition education interventions. Following the implementation, there was a 64.2% improvement in compliance with all four best practice criteria. Involving nursing students proved to be an effective method of improving compliance.

Conclusion:
Adherence to best practices regarding implementing nutrition education interventions was satisfactory, with 80% of patients receiving interventions at individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. Future audits are planned to ensure sustainability.
Phylogenomics and Biogeography of North American Trechine Cave Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Benito Joseph B. , Ober Karen A. , Niemiller Matthew L. , Ober Karen A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCave trechines beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) are members of cave communities globally and important models for understanding the colonization of caves, adaptation to cave life, and the diversification of cave-adapted lineages. In eastern North America, cave trechines are the most species-rich group of terrestrial troglobionts, comprised of over 150 taxa in six genera with no extant surface members. Previous studies have hypothesized the climate change during the Pleistocene was a major driver of cave colonization and diversification in this and other temperate terrestrial cave fauna. However, our time-calibrated molecular phylogeny resulting from the analysis of 16,794 base pairs (bp) from 68 UCE loci for 45 species of the clade supports an alternative hypothesis whereby cave colonization of the surface ancestor of eastern North American cave trechines likely began in the middle Miocene in the Appalachians Ridge and Valley (APP) and dispersed into the Interior Low Plateau (ILP) in an east to west manner around 11.5 Mya. The APP served as a cradle for diversification and also as a bridge linking the southern Appalachians and Interior Low Plateau enabling the dispersal and subsequent diversification of these cave beetles. Major clades in our time-calibrated phylogeny attained their present-day geographic distributions by the early Miocene followed by multiple additional episodes of cave colonization and diversification occurring throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The generaNeaphanops,Darlingtonea,Nelsonites, andAmeroduvaliuswere nested within specious genusPseudanopthalmussupporting the hypothesis that these genera are derived Pseudanophtlamus. Moreover, while several morphologically-derived species groups ofPseudanopthalmuswere recovered as monophyletic, others were not warranting future taxonomic and systematic research. The molecular systematics and biogeography of these unique cave beetles offer a model for other comparative evolutionary and ecological studies of troglobionts to further our understanding of factors driving speciation and biogeographic patterns.
Express barcoding with NextGenPCR and MinION for species-level sorting of ecological samples
Authors: Vasilita Cristina , Feng Vivian , Hansen Aslak Kappel , Hartop Emily , Srivathsan Amrita , Struijk Robin , Meier Rudolf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDNA barcodes are useful for species-level sorting of specimen samples, but rarely used in time-sensitive projects that require species richness estimates or identification of pest or invasive species within hours. The main reason is that existing express barcoding workflows are either too expensive or can only be carried out in very well equipped laboratories by highly trained staff.We here introduce a simple workflow that combines rapid DNA extraction with HotSHOT, amplicon production with the aid of NextGenPCR® thermocyclers, and sequencing with low-cost MinION sequencers.We demonstrate the power of the approach by generating and identifying 250 barcodes for 285 specimens within 6 hours. The workflow only required the following major equipment that easily fits onto a lab bench: Conventional thermocycler, NextGenPCR® thermocycler, microplate sealer, Qubit, and MinION.We argue that species-level sorting with simplified barcoding workflows is now faster, more accurate, and sufficiently cost-effective that it can and should replace morphospecies sorting in many projects.
Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on circulating biomarkers of atrial fibrillation-related pathways
Authors: Li Linzi , Alonso Alvaro , Romaguera Dora , Alonso-Gómez Angel M. , Razquin Cristina , Tojal-Sierra Lucas , Fiol Miquel , Martínez-González Miguel Angel , Subramanya Vinita , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Fito Montserrat , Toledo Estefanía 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDetermining the effect of lifestyle interventions on blood concentrations of biomarkers of atrial fibrillation (AF)-related pathways could help understand AF pathophysiology and contribute to AF prevention. We studied 471 participants enrolled in the PREDIMED-Plus trial, a Spanish randomized trial in adults with metabolic syndrome. Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 to an intensive lifestyle intervention, emphasizing physical activity, weight loss, and adherence to an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet or to a control group. Serum biomarkers [carboxy-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I (PICP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and N-terminal propeptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)] were measured at baseline, 3 and 5 years after randomization. Mixed models were used to evaluate the effect of intervention on changes in biomarkers through year 5. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the proportion mediated by each component of the intervention. Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group experienced greater decreases in hsCRP (-16%, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 28%, -1%) or smaller increases in 3-NT (-15%, 95% CI -25%, -4%) and NT-proBNP (-13%, 95% CI - 25%, 0%). The intervention had minimal impact on hsTnT (-3%, 95% CI -8%, 2%) or PICP concentrations (-0%, 95% CI -9%, 9%). The effect of the intervention on hsCRP was primarily mediated by weight loss (73% and 66% at years 3 and 5). In conclusion, a dietary and lifestyle intervention for weight-loss favorably affected concentrations of hsCRP, 3-NT, and NT-proBNP, pointing to specific mechanisms in pathways linking lifestyles and AF.Condensed abstractIn this study, we assessed the impact of an intensive lifestyle intervention on blood biomarkers related to atrial fibrillation (AF) pathways in 471 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. The intervention focused on physical activity, weight loss, and an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet. Over five years, the intervention group showed greater decreases in high-sensitivity C reactive protein and smaller increases in 3-nitrotyrosine and N-terminal propeptide of B-type natriuretic peptide. Weight loss primarily mediated the effect of the intervention on high-sensitivity C reactive protein. These findings suggest that dietary and lifestyle changes may influence biomarkers involved in AF pathophysiology.Key pointsRandomized clinical trial, lifestyle, biomarker, atrial fibrillation
Clinical Gait Analysis for Hip Osteoarthritis Diagnostic Model and Arthroplasty Treatment’s Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Weiheng 
Published: May 2023

I.AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that seriously disturbs the patients’ motor ability [7]. To quantify gait kinematic impairments from such bone diseases, clinical gait analysis is widely used. Based on the motion-captured gait analysis data published by Bertaux et al., stratified by the subjects’ body mass index (BMI), we built a computational pipeline to extract seven gait kinematic features that can significantly distinguish hip OA (HOA) patients from healthy subjects [3], [5]. These features, along with demographic variables, were utilized to fit regression models for HOA predictor interpretation and classification models for HOA diagnosis. CV results showed that the final diagnostic model could achieve 90%+ sensitivity under 90% specificity, with AUC up to 0.96. We also analyzed the HOA patients 6 months post arthroplasty treatment: patients showed a trend of improvement in most kinematics variables and Ground Reaction Force similarities compared to healthy controls. Although differences between the treated patients and the healthy control still persist. Clinical gait analysis, along with data science strategies, can have substantial potential for HOA diagnosis and evaluation of the arthroplasty treatment.
Community-level variation in TB testing history: analysis of a prevalence survey in Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Nightingale Emily S , Feasey Helena R A , Khundi McEwen , Soko Rebecca Nzawa , Burke Rachael M , Nliwasa Marriott , Twabi Hussein , Mpunga James A , Fielding Katherine , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEquitable access to tuberculosis testing is vital for achieving global treatment targets, but access to diagnostic services is often worse in poorer communities. The SCALE survey to estimate TB prevalence in Blantyre city, Malawi, also recorded engagement with TB services. We explored variation in self-reported TB testing history between 72 community clusters - adjusting for sex, age and HIV status - and investigated whether residual differences could be explained by household poverty. We observed substantial variation between clusters in the prevalence of ever-testing for TB, with little correlation between neighbouring clusters. Participants in poorer households had, on average, lower odds of ever-testing, yet adjusting for poverty did not reduce cluster-level variation. We conclude that, despite a decade of increased active case finding efforts, access to TB testing is inconsistent across the population of Blantyre, likely reflecting health inequities that also apply to TB testing in many other settings.
Task-induced changes in brain entropy
Authors: Camargo Aldo , Mauro Gianpaolo Del , Wang Ze 
Published: May 2023

Abstract (TBD)Entropy indicates irregularity of a dynamic system with higher entropy indicating higher irregularity and more transit states. In the human brain, regional entropy has been increasingly assessed using resting state fMRI. Response of regional entropy to task has been scarcely studied. The purpose of this study is to characterize task-induced regional brain entropy (BEN) alterations using the large Human Connectome Project (HCP) data. To control the potential modulation by the block-design, BEN of task-fMRI was calculated from the fMRI images acquired during the task conditions only and then compared to BEN of rsfMRI. Compared to resting state, task-performance unanimously induced BEN reduction in the peripheral cortical area including both the task activated regions and task non-specific regions such as the task negative area and BEN increase in the centric part of the sensorimotor and perception networks. Task control condition showed large residual task effects. After controlling the task non-specific effects using the control BEN vs task BEN comparison, regional BEN showed task specific effects in target regions.
Preparation of robust Synthetic Control samples and their use in a metatranscriptomic clinical test
Authors: Toma Ryan , Hu Lan , Banavar Guru , Vuyisich Momchilo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetatranscriptomics (MT), or RNA sequencing, has the potential to revolutionize the field of molecular diagnostics. Due to the complexity of MT diagnostic models, positive and negative control materials for specific disease indications can be difficult to obtain. Controls must often be sourced directly from patients. This introduces logistical burdens, assay variability, and limits high throughput clinical laboratory operations. To overcome this limitation, we developed a method for generating Synthetic Control (SC) samples, which duplicate the nucleic acid signature of complex clinical specimens and produce the desired test outcome. SCs can be easily and cost-effectively produced in large quantities (>100,000 SCs per amplification cycle), enabling high throughput diagnostic testing. Here, we report the generation of Synthetic Positive Control (SPC) samples. SPCs were validated and implemented in a clinical laboratory. The SPCs produced robust positive signals (average OC risk score of 0.997) and high levels of reproducibility (%CV of 0.2%) in a high throughput automated CLIA laboratory. SCs are a novel and useful method for the generation of high quality controls for MT-based diagnostic tests, and their adoption could herald the widespread use of MT tests in molecular diagnostics.
Expansion of Disease Specific Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Ma Pan , Liu Jing , Qin Juan , Lai Lulu , Heo Gyu Seong , Luehmann Hannah , Sultan Deborah , Bredemeyer Andrea , Bajapa Geetika , Feng Guoshuai , Jimenez Jesus , Parks Antanisha , Amrute Junedh , Villanueva Ana , Liu Yongjian , Lin Chieh-Yu , Mack Matthias , Amancherla Kaushik , Moslehi Javid , Lavine Kory J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA4 have revolutionized cancer management but are associated with devastating immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including myocarditis. The main risk factor for ICI myocarditis is the use of combination PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibition. ICI-myocarditis is often fulminant and is pathologically characterized by myocardial infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. While much has been learned regarding the role of T-cells in ICI-myocarditis, little is understood regarding the identity, transcriptional diversity, and functions of infiltrating macrophages.MethodsWe employed an established murine ICI myocarditis model (Ctla4+/-Pdcd1-/-mice) to explore the cardiac immune landscape using single-cell RNA-sequencing, immunostaining, flow cytometry, in situ RNA hybridization and molecular imaging and antibody neutralization studies.ResultsWe observed marked increases in CCR2+monocyte-derived macrophages and CD8+T-cells in this model. The macrophage compartment was heterogeneous and displayed marked enrichment in an inflammatory CCR2+subpopulation highly expressingCxcl9,Cxcl10,Gbp2b, andFcgr4that originated from CCR2+monocytes. Importantly, a similar macrophage population expressingCXCL9,CXCL10, and CD16α (human homologue of mouse FcgR4) was found selectively expanded in patients with ICI myocarditis compared to other forms of heart failure and myocarditis.In silicoprediction of cell-cell communication suggested interactions between T-cells andCxcl9+Cxcl10+macrophages via IFN-γ and CXCR3 signaling pathways. Depleting CD8+T-cells, macrophages, and blockade of IFN-γ signaling blunted the expansion ofCxcl9+Cxcl10+macrophages in the heart and attenuated myocarditis suggesting that this interaction was necessary for disease pathogenesis.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that ICI-myocarditis is associated with the expansion of a specific population of IFN-γ induced inflammatory macrophages and suggest the possibility that IFN-γ blockade may be considered as a treatment option for this devastating condition.