bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of a combination regime containing two cervical sensitizers (mifepristone + Foley's catheter) versus single agent mifepristone or Foley's catheter for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at late third trimester with a dead fetus in utero
Authors: Dasgupta Subhankar , Dasgupta Jija , Goswami Barnali , Mondal Joyeeta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRandomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of a combination regime containing two cervical sensitizers (mifepristone + Foley's catheter) versus single agent mifepristone or Foley's catheter for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at late third trimester with a dead fetus in utero.AimTo compare efficacy and safety of a new combination regime comprising of two cervical sensitizers used simultaneously with single agents, for labor induction in women attempting TOLAC at ≥34 weeks' gestation with a dead fetus.MethodThis was a multiarm randomized controlled trial (RCT) where participants received one of the three regimes—single agent oral Mifepristone 200 mg, intracervical Foley's catheter (16 Fr size, filled with 40 mL normal saline after intracervical instillation), and combination regime consisting of both used simultaneously. Number of women undergoing vaginal birth within 48 h of induction (VB48) was the primary outcome compared between groups.ResultsVB48 was higher in participants on combination regime in comparison to participants on Foley's catheter (54 vs. 42). Total vaginal births were higher in participants on combination regime compared to both single agents (58 vs. 48 and 44). Duration and dose of oxytocin augmentation was lower in participants on combination regime compared to both single agents. Induction birth interval was short in participants on combination regime compared to those on Foley's catheter. Maternal complications between groups were similar.ConclusionCombination of cervical sensitizers for labor induction in late third trimester among women with dead fetus attempting TOLAC resulted in higher proportion of vaginal births and might reduce risk of scar dehiscence due to requirement of a lower dose of oxytocin for augmentation.
Noncontrast versus perfusion CT to select endovascular therapy in an extended time window: Systematic review/meta‐analysis
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Yao , Sui Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe effect of noncontrast CT (NCCT) on the eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) in an extended time window remains to be elucidated. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of NCCT in comparison with CT perfusion (CTP) in selecting patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for EVT 6‐24 hours after onset.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries were searched from inception to August 31, 2022, to identify all studies reporting 90‐day outcomes of EVT in patients with AIS in an extended time window. A meta‐analysis was performed for the pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random‐effects model. The primary outcome used to assess efficacy was good functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0‐2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality at 90 days.ResultsWe included four nonrandomized studies with a total of 2685 patients. The outcomes of good functional independence at 90 days (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.88‐1.07; I2 = 0%; p = .62), successful reperfusion (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.93‐1.03; I2 = 50.5%; p = .11), sICH (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.55‐2.21; I2 = 49.4%; p = .12), or mortality at 90 days (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99‐1.40; I2 = 0%; p = .42) did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that NCCT is as effective as CTP in selecting patients for EVT in an extended time window.
Could various angulated implant depths affect the positional accuracy of digital impressions? An in vitro study
Authors: Taghva Masumeh , Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Ansarifard Elham , Sadeghi Mohsen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this in vitro investigation was to assess how implant depth could affect the three‐dimensional positional accuracy of digital impressions made from angulated implants.Materials and MethodsFour modified maxillary models were printed and divided into four study groups. In each model, two angulated implant analogs were placed at the sites of the first premolar and first molar at four different depths of 1 (G1), 2 (G2), 3 (G3), and 4 (G4) mm from the models' edentate area. Scan bodies were connected to the analogs, and one operator made 10 full‐arch scans for each master model using an intraoral scanner. Afterward, the marginal gingival part of all models was removed, and digital scans were performed for each model using a laboratory scanner to achieve a reference STL file as the control group. One‐way ANOVA and Leven's tests were used to measure and compare the 3D distance deviations across research groups after the superimposing test and control scans.ResultsA significant difference between research groups was revealed by trueness and precision analysis (p < 0.001). The trueness and precision results obtained for G1 and G4 were significantly better than those for G2 and G3 (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that implant depth could affect the digital implant impressions' 3D positional accuracy.
The Logic of Kingian Nonviolence: A Synthetic Reading of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Political Thought
Authors: Buck Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTApproaching Martin Luther King Jr. as a constructive political theorist, I present a synthetic view of his thought that is able to make cogent and compelling sense of prominent concepts and lines of reasoning in his writings. I contend that King's political thought, which is grounded in his moral, metaphysical, and theological convictions, is best understood as structurally teleological and oriented to the construction of an inclusive, democratic community as its end. To make this case and fill out the picture of his view, I offer an analysis of King's “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and argue that his account of nonviolence, which provides the key to understanding his political thought, ought to be understood as operating within and on behalf of this teleological vision by patterning what I term dialogical relations between persons.
Effectiveness of telehealth in providing preventive oral health care: A pilot evaluation of patient, carer, and clinician experience
Authors: Tsai Carrie , Savran Aylin , Chau Yvonne , Hurrell Lloyd , Forsyth Cathryn , Kumar Harleen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study aimed to characterize the experience, satisfaction, and views on feasibility of an oral health primary prevention telehealth service at a public dental hospital's department of pediatric dentistry, from the viewpoint of patients, carers, and clinicians.MethodsData were collected using an anonymous questionnaire for parents/guardians, a focus group for clinicians; and were summarized using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, analysis of variance, and by thematic analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsThirty‐seven parents/guardians and four clinicians were included. The mean patient age was 5 years (SD = 3.3). Over half of the parents (51.4%) were aged 30–39 years. There was high satisfaction (97.3%) and acceptability (81.1%) of the telehealth service. Native English‐speakers were significantly more likely to agree that telehealth was an acceptable mode of preventive care and that they would use it again (p = 0.033). Parents reporting difficulty traveling to dental appointments were significantly more likely to score favorably in categories of usefulness, technical quality, and satisfaction relating to telehealth (all p < 0.001). Important themes from the clinician focus group included specific benefits for patients with special needs or who live rurally, reduced stress on families, and an enhanced focus on prevention.ConclusionsThe findings suggest ongoing benefits of providing preventive oral health services as an adjunct to face‐to‐face care, especially to the identified subset of patients who will benefit the most.
Modern services led growth and development in a structuralist dual economy: Long‐run implications of skilled labor constraint
Authors: Thakur Gogol Mitra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivated by the South Asian experience, this paper examines the role of expansion of skilled labor force for modern services led growth and development in economies with low average educational attainment. The model economy consists of two capital‐using sectors—a service sector that employs only skilled labor and an industry sector that does not require skilled labor. The service sector represents modern skilled‐labor intensive services whereas the industry sector represents a typical South Asian industry. Supply of unskilled labor is unlimited but skilled labor is relatively scarce and grows at a finite rate. Increase in the skill premium only partially explains growth of skilled‐labor supply while the rest depends on autonomous factors, which may be influenced by education policies of the government. The main result specifies a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of a unique steady state characterized by balanced sectoral growth at a rate determined by the autonomous part of skilled labor growth. A low wage share and stagnant investment conditions in the industry sector are conducive for both existence and local stability of this steady state. The model shows that supply‐side factors may completely determine steady state growth rates in structuralist models despite presence of unemployed resources.
Congenital Cervical Scoliosis Treated with Concave Side Distraction with Three‐Dimensional Printed Titanium Cage
Authors: Li Zihe , Zhou Feifei , Zhai Shuheng , Xia Tian , Pan Shengfa , Zhang Fengshan , Zhang Li , Chen Jiasheng , Sun Yu 
Published: September 2023

Study DesignSingle‐center, retrospective study.ObjectiveHemivertebra resection is the only treatment option for congenital cervical scoliosis (CCS). However, this procedure is complex and technically demanding. It often requires a considerably long operation, and there is substantial intraoperative bleeding. Therefore, we have attempted to treat CCS with a concave side distraction comprising a three‐dimensional (3D) printed titanium cage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique for the treatment of patients with CCS.MethodsA series of 22 patients with CCS who underwent a concave side distraction technique between 2019 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Radiological measurements included the Cobb angle of the distraction segments, the kyphosis angle, the range of movement, and the distraction correction angle. Student's t‐test and Spearman correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study included 12 males and 10 females whose ages ranged from 6 to 14 years old (9.8 ± 2.1 years old). Follow‐up times ranged from 15 to 30 months (25.8 ± 3.6 months). Among 22 patients, two patients developed a postoperative C5 nerve root palsy and recovered after being treated with conservative treatment for 6 months. The duration of surgery ranged from 229 to 756 min (389 ± 112 min), and the estimated volume of blood loss ranged from 100 to 600mL (235 ± 121 mL). The coronal Cobb angle (p < 0.001), kyphosis angle (p < 0.05), and range of movement (p < 0.001) between the last follow‐up and preoperative period were significantly different. A total of 28 segments were distracted, and the Cobb angle of the distraction segment ranged from 2.4 to 14.1° (8.5 ± 3.0°). There were six upper cervical spines (8.9 ± 1.9°) and 22 lower cervical spines (8.4 ± 3.2°) with no significant difference between them (p = 0.130). In addition, there was no correlation between the angle of the concave side distraction and patients’ age (r = 0.018, p = 0.315). The fusion was solid between the bone and the customized 3D‐printed pore metal cage at the final follow‐up.ConclusionThe concave side distraction comprising a customized 3D‐printed titanium cage implantation can provide satisfactory correction results and is a safe and reliable procedure for treating CCS.
Video‐assisted thoracoscopic epicardial pacing: A contemporary overview
Authors: Marini Massimiliano , Pannone Luigi , Branzoli Stefano , Quintarelli Silvia , Coser Alessio , Guarracini Fabrizio , Bonmassari Roberto , La Meir Mark , de Asmundis Carlo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVideo‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has revolutionized the approach and management of pulmonary and cardiac diseases, and its applications have significantly expanded in the last two decades. Beyond its established role in thoracic procedures, VATS has also emerged as a valuable technique for various electrophysiological procedures, including pacemaker implantations, ablation procedures, and left atrial appendage exclusion. This paper presents a thorough review of the existing literature on pacing procedures performed using a VATS approach. By analyzing and synthesizing the available studies, we aim to provide an in‐depth understanding of the current knowledge and advancements in VATS‐based pacing procedures. A key focus of this review is the detailed description of implantation techniques via a VATS approach.
Hiding in plain sight: Surge pricing and strategic providers
Authors: Bai Jiaru , Heese H. Sebastian , Tripathy Manish 
Published: September 2023

Many on‐demand service platforms employ surge pricing policies, charging higher prices and raising provider compensation when customer demand exceeds provider supply. There is increasing evidence that service providers understand these pricing policies and strategically collude to induce artificial supply shortages by reducing the number of providers showing as available online. We study a stylized mathematical model of a setting in which an on‐demand service platform determines its pricing and provider compensation policies, anticipating their impact on customer demand and the participation of strategic providers, who might collectively decide to limit the number of providers showing online as available. We find that collusion can substantially harm the platform and customers, especially when the potential demand is large, and the supply of providers in nearby regions is limited. We explore two pricing policies that a platform could employ in the presence of (potential) provider collusion: a bonus pricing policy that offers additional provider payments on top of the regular compensation and the optimal pricing policy that maximizes the platform's expected profit while taking strategic provider behavior fully into consideration. Both policies feature a compensation structure that ensures that total provider earnings increase in the number of providers available, thereby encouraging all providers to offer their service. We show that both policies can effectively mitigate the impact of potential provider collusion, with the bonus pricing policy often performing near‐optimally. As it might be difficult for a platform to accurately estimate the propensity of providers to collude, we numerically evaluate how platform profits are affected if the pricing policy is designed based on possibly incorrect estimates of the providers' propensity to collude. Our observations suggest that a platform should design its pricing policy under the assumption that all providers are strategic and consider collusion, as the losses associated with implementing such a policy in settings with minor risk of collusion are limited, while the potential losses from failing to consider rampant collusion can be significant.
Elucidation of the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in peyote (Lophophora williamsii)
Authors: Watkins Jacinta L. , Li Qiushi , Yeaman Sam , Facchini Peter J. 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYPeyote (Lophophora williamsii) is an entheogenic and medicinal cactus native to the Chihuahuan desert. The psychoactive and hallucinogenic properties of peyote are principally attributed to the phenethylamine derivative mescaline. Despite the isolation of mescaline from peyote over 120 years ago, the biosynthetic pathway in the plant has remained undiscovered. Here, we use a transcriptomics and homology‐guided gene discovery strategy to elucidate a near‐complete biosynthetic pathway from l‐tyrosine to mescaline. We identified a cytochrome P450 that catalyzes the 3‐hydroxylation of l‐tyrosine to l‐DOPA, a tyrosine/DOPA decarboxylase yielding dopamine, and four substrate‐specific and regiospecific substituted phenethylamine O‐methyltransferases. Biochemical assays with recombinant enzymes or functional analyses performed by feeding putative precursors to engineered yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains expressing candidate peyote biosynthetic genes were used to determine substrate specificity, which served as the basis for pathway elucidation. Additionally, an N‐methyltransferase displaying broad substrate specificity and leading to the production of N‐methylated phenethylamine derivatives was identified, which could also function as an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in peyote.
Design and Fabrication of In-House Nozzle System to Extrude Multi-Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting Process
Authors: Habib Ahasan , Quigley Connor , Sarah Rokeya , Hurd Warren , Clark Scott 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The field of 3D bioprinting is rapidly expanding as researchers strive to create functional tissues for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. The ability to print multiple materials, each containing various living cells, brings us closer to achieving tissue regeneration. Deliberately transitioning between different material types encapsulating distinct cells and extruding through a single outlet, can lead to the achievement of user-defined material distribution, which is still challenging. In a previous study, we designed a Y-shaped nozzle connector system that allowed for continuous deposition of multiple materials through a single outlet. This system was made of plastic and had a fixed switching angle, rendering it suitable for a single use. In this article, we present the updated version of our nozzle system, which includes a range of angles (30 deg, 45 deg, 60 deg, and 90 deg) between the two materials. Changing the angles helps us figure out how that affects the control of backflow and minimizes the overall material switching time in the nozzle. We used stainless steel as the fabrication material and recorded the overall material switching time, comparing the effects of the various angles. Our previously developed hybrid hydrogel, which comprised 4% alginate and 4% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was used as a test material to flow through the nozzle system. The in-house fabricated nozzle connectors are reusable, sterile, and easy to clean, ensuring a smooth material transition and flow. Our proposition can offer to achieve user-defined material distribution across a given region with appropriate selection of rheology and printing process parameters.
Enhancing Microstructural, Textural, and Mechanical Properties of Al–Ti Dissimilar Joints via Static Shoulder Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Saravana Sundar A. , Mugada Krishna Kishore , Kumar Adepu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The present study explores the application of static shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW) to address the challenges of poor mechanical properties in conventional Al–Ti dissimilar friction stir joints, which arise due to significant material mixing, and the formation of thick intermetallic layers. The results show that SSFSW inhibited material mixing, and the mutual diffusion of Al and Ti was suppressed due to lower heat input. Mutual interdiffusion of Al and Ti was directed by an exothermic chemical reaction, forming an Al5Ti2—Al3Ti sequence due to the sluggish diffusion of Al in Ti at a temperature of 512 °C achieved in this study. The microstructure at the stir zone (SZ) comprised equiaxed grains with Ti particles acting as dispersoids for nucleation, whereas the presence of large Ti blocks at SZ of conventional FSW (CFSW) resisted plastic deformation, resulting in a nonhomogeneous concentration of dislocations near its interface. A significant decrease in grain size at all the critical zones of weldment was due to the rearrangement of dislocations through the slip-and-climb mechanism, as evidenced by the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The emergence of γ-fiber and basal fiber texture contributed to a significant enhancement in the tensile strength of SSFSW (289 MPa). The study also analyzed the various strengthening mechanisms contributing to the improved yield strength of SSFSW weldments, and the results showed that grain boundary strengthening plays a predominant role in enhancing the strength of SSFSW.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Film-Cooled Turbine Blade Leading Edge With Staggered-Oblique Impinging Jets
Authors: Hongye Li , Qiang Du , Qingzong Xu , Guangyao Xu , Haoyang Liu , Dawei Chen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The turbine blade leading edge is subjected to harsh conditions due to high heat loads and unfavorable compact structures. To improve the cooling performance, a novel impingement scheme is proposed to be used in a film-cooled turbine blade leading edge. Different from a normal impingement scheme, the novel scheme consists of two rows of staggered impinging jets at oblique angles of ±35 deg, and is thus named as the staggered-oblique impingement scheme. A conjugated numerical investigation is carried out to illustrate the underlying mechanisms of the cooling performance. Three typical jet Reynolds numbers, 6000, 12,000, and 18,000, are studied using the validated SST k–ω turbulence model. Numerical results show a flow separation within the staggered-oblique impinging jets, which causes the discharge coefficient for the novel impingement scheme lower than that for the normal impingement scheme. Results also reveal a phenomenon difference that two symmetric vortices are induced by each normal impinging jet, while only one vortex appears on the acute angle side along with each staggered-oblique impinging jet. The flow fields of the staggered-oblique impingement scheme create a more uniform heat transfer distribution and a maximum of 23.7% higher area-averaged Nusselt number than the normal impingement scheme. The area-averaged overall cooling effectiveness for the staggered-oblique impingement scheme is higher than the normal impingement scheme by a maximum of 4.8%. The uniformity and the enhancement of the overall cooling effectiveness arise from the wall jet being fully developed and affecting a larger area of the target wall. The adiabatic cooling effectiveness is similar for both impingement schemes. This indicates that the improvement in overall cooling effectiveness for the staggered-oblique impingement scheme mainly arises from internal heat transfer.