bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential for surprising heat and drought events in wheat-producing regions of USA and China
Authors: Coughlan de Perez Erin , Ganapathi Hamsa , Masukwedza Gibbon I. T. , Griffin Timothy , Kelder Timo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious analyses of the possibility of global breadbasket failures have extrapolated risks based on historical relationships between climate and yields. However, climate change is causing unprecedented events globally, which could exceed critical thresholds and reduce yields, even if there is no historical precedent. This means that we are likely underestimating climate risks to our food system. In the case of wheat, parts of the USA and China show little historical relationship between yields and temperature, but extreme temperatures are now possible that exceed critical physiological thresholds in wheat plants. UNprecedented Simulated Extreme ENsemble (UNSEEN) approaches use large ensembles to generate plausible unprecedented events, which can inform our assessment of the risk to crops. We use the UNSEEN approach with a large ensemble of archived seasonal forecasts to generate thousands of plausible events over the last 40 years and compare the results with historically observed extreme temperature and precipitation. In the US midwest, extreme temperatures that would have happened approximately 1-in-100-years in 1981 now have a return period of 1-in-6 years, while in China, the current return period is on the order of 1-in-16 years. This means that in the US midwest, extreme temperatures that used to have a 1% chance to occur in 1981 now have a 17% chance to occur in any given year, while in China, the chance increased from 1% to 6%. Record-breaking years exceeding critical thresholds for enzymes in the wheat plant are now more likely than in the past, and these record-breaking hot years are associated with extremely dry conditions in both locations. Using geopotential height and wind anomalies from the UNSEEN ensemble, we demonstrate that strong winds over land pull dry air towards the regions these during extremely hot and dry unseen events. We characterize plausible extremes from the UNSEEN ensemble that can be used to help imagine otherwise unforeseen events, including a compound event in which high impacts co-occur in both regions, informing adaptation planning in these regions. Recent temperature extremes, especially in the US midwest, are unlikely to be a good proxy for what to expect in the next few years of today’s climate, and local stakeholders might perceive their risk to be lower than it really is. We find that there is a high potential for surprise in these regions if people base risk analyses solely on historical datasets.
Wearable based monitoring and self-supervised contrastive learning detect clinical complications during treatment of Hematologic malignancies
Authors: Jacobsen Malte , Gholamipoor Rahil , Dembek Till A. , Rottmann Pauline , Verket Marlo , Brandts Julia , Jäger Paul , Baermann Ben-Niklas , Kondakci Mustafa , Heinemann Lutz , Gerke Anna L. , Marx Nikolaus , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Möllenhoff Kathrin , Seyfarth Melchior , Kollmann Markus , Kobbe Guido 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSerious clinical complications (SCC; CTCAE grade ≥ 3) occur frequently in patients treated for hematological malignancies. Early diagnosis and treatment of SCC are essential to improve outcomes. Here we report a deep learning model-derived SCC-Score to detect and predict SCC from time-series data recorded continuously by a medical wearable. In this single-arm, single-center, observational cohort study, vital signs and physical activity were recorded with a wearable for 31,234 h in 79 patients (54 Inpatient Cohort (IC)/25 Outpatient Cohort (OC)). Hours with normal physical functioning without evidence of SCC (regular hours) were presented to a deep neural network that was trained by a self-supervised contrastive learning objective to extract features from the time series that are typical in regular periods. The model was used to calculate a SCC-Score that measures the dissimilarity to regular features. Detection and prediction performance of the SCC-Score was compared to clinical documentation of SCC (AUROC ± SD). In total 124 clinically documented SCC occurred in the IC, 16 in the OC. Detection of SCC was achieved in the IC with a sensitivity of 79.7% and specificity of 87.9%, with AUROC of 0.91 ± 0.01 (OC sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 81.8%, AUROC 0.87 ± 0.02). Prediction of infectious SCC was possible up to 2 days before clinical diagnosis (AUROC 0.90 at −24 h and 0.88 at −48 h). We provide proof of principle for the detection and prediction of SCC in patients treated for hematological malignancies using wearable data and a deep learning model. As a consequence, remote patient monitoring may enable pre-emptive complication management.
Reduced dynamic complexity allows structure elucidation of an excited state of KRASG13D
Authors: Chao Fa-An , Chan Albert H. , Dharmaiah Srisathiyanarayanan , Schwieters Charles D. , Tran Timothy H. , Taylor Troy , Ramakrishnan Nitya , Esposito Dominic , Nissley Dwight V. , McCormick Frank , Simanshu Dhirendra K. , Cornilescu Gabriel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLocalized dynamics of RAS, including regions distal to the nucleotide-binding site, is of high interest for elucidating the mechanisms by which RAS proteins interact with effectors and regulators and for designing inhibitors. Among several oncogenic mutants, methyl relaxation dispersion experiments reveal highly synchronized conformational dynamics in the active (GMPPNP-bound) KRASG13D, which suggests an exchange between two conformational states in solution. Methyl and31P NMR spectra of active KRASG13Din solution confirm a two-state ensemble interconverting on the millisecond timescale, with a major Pγatom peak corresponding to the dominant State 1 conformation and a secondary peak indicating an intermediate state different from the known State 2 conformation recognized by RAS effectors. High-resolution crystal structures of active KRASG13Dand KRASG13D-RAF1 RBD complex provide snapshots of the State 1 and 2 conformations, respectively. We use residual dipolar couplings to solve and cross-validate the structure of the intermediate state of active KRASG13D, showing a conformation distinct from those of States 1 and 2 outside the known flexible switch regions. The dynamic coupling between the conformational exchange in the effector lobe and the breathing motion in the allosteric lobe is further validated by a secondary mutation in the allosteric lobe, which affects the conformational population equilibrium.
Transcriptomics, metabolomics, and in-silico drug predictions for liver damage in young and aged burn victims
Authors: Malachowska Beata , Yang Weng-Lang , Qualman Andrea , Muro Israel , Boe Devin M. , Lampe Jed N. , Kovacs Elizabeth J. , Idrovo Juan-Pablo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBurn induces a systemic response affecting multiple organs, including the liver. Since the liver plays a critical role in metabolic, inflammatory, and immune events, a patient with impaired liver often exhibits poor outcomes. The mortality rate after burns in the elderly population is higher than in any other age group, and studies show that the liver of aged animals is more susceptible to injury after burns. Understanding the aged-specific liver response to burns is fundamental to improving health care. Furthermore, no liver-specific therapy exists to treat burn-induced liver damage highlighting a critical gap in burn injury therapeutics. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomics and metabolomics data from the liver of young and aged mice to identify mechanistic pathways and in-silico predict therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse burn-induced liver damage. Our study highlights pathway interactions and master regulators that underlie the differential liver response to burn injury in young and aged animals.
Hydroclimatic extremes contribute to asymmetric trends in ecosystem productivity loss
Authors: Li Jun , Bevacqua Emanuele , Wang Zhaoli , Sitch Stephen , Arora Vivek , Arneth Almut , Jain Atul K. , Goll Daniel , Tian Hanqin , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGross primary production is the basis of global carbon uptake. Gross primary production losses are often related to hydroclimatic extremes such as droughts and heatwaves, but the trend of such losses driven by hydroclimatic extremes remains unclear. Using observationally-constrained and process-based model data from 1982-2016, we show that drought-heat events, drought-cold events, droughts and heatwaves are the dominant drivers of gross primary production loss. Losses associated with these drivers increase in northern midlatitude ecosystem but decrease in pantropical ecosystems, thereby contributing to around 70% of the variability in total gross primary production losses. These asymmetric trends are caused by an increase in the magnitude of gross primary production losses in northern midlatitudes and by a decrease in the frequency of gross primary production loss events in pantropical ecosystems. Our results suggest that the pantropics may have become less vulnerable to hydroclimatic variability over recent decades whereas gross primary production losses and hydroclimatic extremes in northern midlatitudes have become more closely entangled.
Prediction and control of fracture paths in disordered architected materials using graph neural networks
Authors: Karapiperis Konstantinos , Kochmann Dennis M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArchitected materials typically rely on regular periodic patterns to achieve improved mechanical properties such as stiffness or fracture toughness. Here we introduce a class of irregular cellular materials with engineered topological and geometrical disorder, which represents a shift from conventional designs. We first develop a graph learning model for predicting the fracture path in these architected materials. The model employs a graph convolution for spatial message passing and a gated recurrent unit architecture for temporal dependence. Once trained on data gleaned from experimentally validated elastoplastic beam finite element analyses, the learned model produces accurate predictions overcoming the need for expensive finite element calculations. We finally leverage the trained model in combination with a downstream optimization scheme to generate optimal architectures that maximize the crack path length and, hence, the associated fracture energy.
Hearing Aids Combined With Educational Counseling Versus Educational Counseling Alone for Tinnitus Treatment in Patients With Hearing Loss: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wang Xunyi , Guo Lanxin , Tian Run , Fei Yingping , Ji Jinfeng , Diao Cong , Zuo Lin , Zeng Yuxiao , Guo Qingxin , Chen Ke , Zheng Yun 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:The effect of hearing aids (HAs) and educational counseling (EC) or their combination on tinnitus is ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate whether the combined use of HAs and EC is more effective than EC alone on tinnitus relief.Method:A total of 72 adults with chronic, bothersome tinnitus and coexisting sensorineural hearing loss completed at least 1-month and 3-month follow-up. After receiving EC and HA prescriptions, 21 participants selected to purchase HAs (i.e., the HA + EC group), whereas the remaining 51 refused to use HAs despite recommendations (i.e., the EC group). Tinnitus severity was measured by Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Evaluation Questionnaire (TEQ), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for loudness. The primary outcome measure was THI, and tinnitus relief was defined as a 20-point or more reduction in THI. A generalized linear mixed model was used to confirm that the heterogeneity in baseline characteristics between groups did not interfere with the results.Results:The THI, TEQ, and VAS scores decreased significantly after treatments, and both groups yielded a similar trend of reduction. There were no significant differences in the incidence of tinnitus relief and time-to-event curves between the two groups. In addition, the length of follow-up did not affect treatment effectiveness.Conclusion:There was insufficient evidence to support the superiority of the combined use of HA and EC for tinnitus over EC with no device.
Comprehensive evaluation of light pollution based on AHP and EWM integrated model
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , Zhai Jianqiao , Li Ying , Pang Bin 
Published: June 2023

With the rapid development of urban economy, the value of China's light resources has been explored, but its impact on ecological environment has also been gradually intensified. In order to establish a universal light pollution measurement standard model, this paper uses the combination of AHP and EWM to determine the index weight, and gives the calculation method and index evaluation standard of theoretical data.
In order to measure the risk level of light pollution numerically, this paper uses the PEST analysis model to construct the light Pollution Risk Index (LPI ) and establish the index group. The Fuzzy Delphi Method is utilized to screen the first-level indicators and the second-level indicators, and finally 4 first-level indicators and 14 second-level indicators are obtained. Using this evaluation model, the degree of light pollution in different areas was evaluated by questionnaires, and the results showed that urban areas had the most serious light pollution. Finally, based on the night sky brightness formula, this paper analyzed the sensitivity of the algorithm. The results showed that the selected quantitative indicators have strong stability and the model has strong robustness.
Myocardial Perfusion SPECT and ATTR imaging 2021 in Germany: Results of the 9th Survey
Authors: Lindner Oliver , Schaefer Wolfgang Michael , Silber Sigmund , Rischpler Christoph , Burchert Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aim This paper presents the results of the 9th survey of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) from the reporting year 2021.
Methods 218 questionnaires (131 practices (PR), 58 hospitals (HO), 29 university hospitals (UH)) were evaluated. Results of the last survey 2018 are set in squared brackets.
Results MPS data from a total of 133,057 [145,930] patients (–8.8%) with 131,868 [143,707] stress and 106,546 [121,899] rest MPS were analysed. A comparison with official data revealed that 54% all MPS were recorded. From 2018 to 2021, official data showed a every year an increase in MPS numbers. On average, 610 [502] MPS patients (+22%) were examined in each department. 74% [69%] of the responders reported an increase or no changes in their MPS patient numbers. Ambulatory care cardiologists represented as always, the mayor referral group (68% [69%]). For the first time, pharmacological stress was more frequently applied than ergometry (42% [51]). Regadenoson was mostly used. The use of the different protocols remained nearly unchanged. Two-day protocols were predominantly applied (49% [48%]). A shift from multi-headed cameras (58% [72%]) to SPECT-CT systems (24% [17%]) was found. Attenuation correction was performed in 33% [26%] of all MPS. 88% [86%] of all stress, 88% [87%] of all rest and 87% [83%] of all stress and rest MPS were acquired as gated SPECT. 72% [67%] of all departments performed scoring by default. The number of departments without scoring decreased to 13% [16%].
Conclusions The MPS Study 2021 shows that the long-term positive development of MPS imaging in Germany is continuing. The COVID-19 pandemia did not change this trend. The procedural and technical details of MPS imaging reveal a high level of guideline conformity.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Recurrence Rate of Ischemic Stroke: A
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Min , Wang Hongmei , Gao Yanjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe role of serum uric acid as a factor in the recurrence of ischemic stroke
stays unclear. Several studies have examined the relationship between serum uric
acid and recurrence of acute ischemic stroke, with various results. Therefore,
we carried out a meta-analysis to have a look at the relationship between serum
uric acid levels and the potential danger of stroke recurrence in patients with
ischemic stroke. Relevant experiments have been recognized via looking out the
electronic databases and conference sessions. This present study included a
case-control study of the impact of uric acid on the recurrence of ischemic
stroke. After the assessment of eligibility, this meta-analysis included four
articles in which 2452 patients with ischemic stroke were tested for their level
of serum uric acid. The results obtained from this meta-analysis confirmed that
improved uric acid concentrations were extensively and independently related to
an accelerated and higher risk of recurrent stroke. The pooled OR (95%
CI) was 1.80 (1.47, 2.20) (p<0.001). Overall, this meta-analysis shows a
relationship between uric acid concentration and stroke recurrence rate.
Furthermore, high uric acid levels could enhance the recurrence rate of ischemic
stroke.
Hybrid CMOS detectors for high-speed X-ray imaging
Authors: Porter J. L. , Looker Q. , Claus L. 
Published: June 2023

Hybrid CMOS (hCMOS) x-ray framing cameras are a new and powerful detector option for experiments in the fields of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and High Energy Density Physics (HEDP). These digital cameras capture multiple images along a single line-of-sight with a time resolution as short as 1.5 ns and with high quantum efficiency. To manage the high data rate, an image sequence is acquired in a short burst of time and subsequently read out on a much longer time scale. The technology is well suited for operating in high radiation environments, including fusion ignition experiments. Diagnostics using hCMOS cameras are now deployed in experiments on major laser and pulsed-power ICF facilities around the world. Continued advances in microelectronics technologies will enable faster and more capable detectors well into the future. This paper reviews this detector technology with a focus on application to ICF and HEDP experiments.
Generalized uncertainty principle impact on nonextensive black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Çimdiker Ilim , Da̧browski Mariusz P , Gohar Hussain 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on nonextensive thermodynamics applied to black holes, as well as the sparsity of the radiation at different temperatures associated with each nonextensive entropy, is investigated. We examine the Rényi, Tsallis–Cirto, Kaniadakis, Sharma Mittal, and Barrow entropies, temperatures, and heat capacities and show that, in each case, due to GUP corrections, the temperature and entropy have finite values, implying that the final state of the black hole is a remnant at the end of the evaporation process and that the sparsity of the radiation for massless bosons at each temperature depends on the mass of the black hole. We also find that GUP reduces the value of the sparsity profile for each case as compared to the sparsity parameter at Hawking temperature, which is always constant throughout the evaporation.
A unified deduction of the expressions of exergy and flow exergy
Authors: Zanchini Enzo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Exergy analysis is a branch of thermodynamics receiving an increasing interest in the scientific literature and in didactic presentations. Exergy represents the maximum useful work obtainable by a system that can interact with a reference environment. There exist two exergy functions: exergy, which refers to a collection of matter contained within the reference environment; flow exergy, which refers to a collection of matter flowing in a pipe, that can interact with the environment and diffuse into it. The usual derivations of the expressions of exergy and flow exergy are either complicated or not general. Moreover, two separate derivations are necessary, due to the different conceptual schemes employed in the definitions of these properties. As a consequence, the expressions of exergy and flow exergy are often reported without a derivation in didactic treatises. In this paper, we provide a simple and general unified deduction of the expressions of exergy and flow exergy. Moreover, we show that the logical scheme proposed, based on the concept of useful energy of a system contained in a pressure field, allows a simpler deduction and a deeper interpretation of the energy balance equation for a control volume in a steady state. Finally, in order to complete the didactic treatment, we rewrite the expression of the molar exergy of a pure substance at ambient temperature and pressure in a form applicable to reactive substances, and we present an application of this form.
Equivalent circuit model of GaN high electron mobility transistor with consideration of non-ideal effects using genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Fangqing , Wang Haodong , Chen Xin , Zhong Yaozong , Guo Xiaolu , Gao Hongwei , Cao Yunzhe , Zhi Gaofei , Li Qian , Zhou Yu , Sun Qian , Yang Hui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work proposes a semi-physical equivalent circuit model for GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs), taking into account the non-ideal effects of both the current source and resistance–capacitance components. The current source model is built based on both device operation and multiple model interfaces setup for important non-ideal effects, such as self-heating effects, channel length modulation, short channel effects, and so on. Moreover, according to the improved Meyer capacitance model with fringe capacitances, the non-linear capacitances of the GaN HEMT are modeled with a dependence on the bias voltages and gate geometry. The extraction of the model parameters is implemented accurately and efficiently in MATLAB through a genetic algorithm. Moreover, the capacitance model is established to be mathematically simple and Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE)-compatible for the design of GaN-based integrated circuits (ICs). The static and dynamic characteristics of GaN ICs were simulated and found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results, validating that the established and well-packaged equivalent circuit model can be of great help to GaN HEMT development and IC design.
Unexpectedly high thermoelectric performance of anisotropic Zr2Cl4 monolayer
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Qi Hangbo , Wang Ning , Wang Zishen , Tang Wenkai , Tan Zhihai , Zhu Zhe , Zhang Meng , Shen Chen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recently, the Hf2Cl4-type materials as functional materials have attracted broad interest because of their enormous potential in thermoelectric (TE) applications. However, relevant investigations are still scarce up to now. To explore the Hf2Cl4-type materials with excellent TE properties, we focus on the TE properties of Zr2Cl4 monolayer and calculate the TE parameters based on first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport equation. Although, as compared to some typical TE materials, it exhibits better heat transport and thus higher lattice thermal conductivity, the figure of merits (ZT) of both p-type and n-type Zr2Cl4 reach an unexpectedly high value of 3.90 and 3.60, respectively, owing to the larger electrical conductivity and higher power factor. Additionally, owing to the prominent difference in electrical conductivity between the x- and y-direction, strong anisotropy in ZT values is observed. Our study reveals that both n-type and p-type Zr2Cl4 monolayers have the potential for future TE applications.