bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Disadvantage Moderates Late Midlife Default Mode Network Cortical Microstructure and Visual Memory Association
Authors: Tang Rongxiang , Elman Jeremy A , Dale Anders M , Dorros Stephen M , Eyler Lisa T , Fennema-Notestine Christine , Gustavson Daniel E , Hagler Donald J , Lyons Michael J , Panizzon Matthew S , Puckett Olivia K , Reynolds Chandra A , Franz Carol E , Kremen William S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood disadvantage is a prominent risk factor for cognitive and brain aging. Childhood disadvantage is associated with poorer episodic memory in late midlife and functional and structural brain abnormalities in the default mode network (DMN). Although age-related changes in DMN are associated with episodic memory declines in older adults, it remains unclear if childhood disadvantage has an enduring impact on this later-life brain–cognition relationship earlier in the aging process. Here, within the DMN, we examined whether its cortical microstructural integrity—an early marker of structural vulnerability that increases the risk for future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration—is associated with episodic memory in adults at ages 56–66, and whether childhood disadvantage moderates this association.

Methods
Cortical mean diffusivity (MD) obtained from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure microstructural integrity in 350 community-dwelling men. We examined both visual and verbal episodic memory in relation to DMN MD and divided participants into disadvantaged and nondisadvantaged groups based on parental education and occupation.

Results
Higher DMN MD was associated with poorer visual memory but not verbal memory (β = −0.11, p = .040 vs β = −0.04, p = .535). This association was moderated by childhood disadvantage and was significant only in the disadvantaged group (β = −0.26, p = .002 vs β = −0.00, p = .957).

Conclusions
Lower DMN cortical microstructural integrity may reflect visual memory vulnerability in cognitively normal adults earlier in the aging process. Individuals who experienced childhood disadvantage manifested greater vulnerability to cortical microstructure-related visual memory dysfunction than their nondisadvantaged counterparts who exhibited resilience in the face of low cortical microstructural integrity.
Terms of Engagement: Understanding the Motivations, Preferences, and Attitudes of Older Adults Toward Mobile Cognitive Assessment and Training
Authors: Dieciuc Michael , Zhang Shenghao , Gray Nicholas , Lustria Mia Liza A , Carr Dawn C , Charness Neil , Boot Walter R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The future of cognitive assessment is likely to involve mobile applications for smartphones and tablets; cognitive training is also often delivered in these formats. Unfortunately, low adherence to these programs can hinder efforts at the early detection of cognitive decline and interfere with examining cognitive training efficacy in clinical trials. We explored factors that increase adherence to these programs among older adults.

Research Design and Methods
Focus groups were conducted with older adults (N = 21) and a younger adult comparison group (N = 21). Data were processed using reflexive thematic analysis with an inductive, bottom-up approach.

Results
Three primary themes related to adherence were developed from the focus group data. Switches of engagement reflects factors that must be present; without them, engagement is unlikely. Dials of engagement reflects a cost–benefit analysis that users undergo, the outcome of which determines whether a person will be more or less likely to engage. Bracers of engagement reflects factors that nudge users toward engagement by minimizing barriers associated with the other themes. Older adults in general were more sensitive to opportunity costs, preferred more cooperative interactions, and were more likely to mention technology barriers.

Discussion and Implications
Our results are important for informing the design of mobile cognitive assessment and training apps for older adults. These themes provide guidance about ways apps could be modified to increase engagement and adherence, which in turn can more effectively facilitate the early detection of cognitive impairment and the evaluation of cognitive training efficacy.
Low light intensity elongates period and defers peak time of photosynthesis: a computational approach to circadian-clock-controlled photosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Huang Ting , Liu Hui , Tao Jian-Ping , Zhang Jia-Qi , Zhao Tong-Min , Hou Xi-Lin , Xiong Ai-Sheng , You Xiong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Photosynthesis is involved in the essential process of transforming light energy into chemical energy. Although the interaction between photosynthesis and the circadian clock has been confirmed, the mechanism of how light intensity affects photosynthesis through the circadian clock remains unclear. Here, we propose a first computational model for circadian-clock-controlled photosynthesis, which consists of the light-sensitive protein P, the core oscillator, photosynthetic genes, and parameters involved in the process of photosynthesis. The model parameters were determined by minimizing the cost function ( $\boldsymbol{\delta} =\mathbf{8.56}$), which is defined by the errors of expression levels, periods, and phases of the clock genes (CCA1, PRR9, TOC1, ELF4, GI, and RVE8). The model recapitulates the expression pattern of the core oscillator under moderate light intensity (100 μmol m −2 s−1). Further simulation validated the dynamic behaviors of the circadian clock and photosynthetic outputs under low (62.5 μmol m−2 s−1) and normal (187.5 μmol m−2 s−1) intensities. When exposed to low light intensity, the peak times of clock and photosynthetic genes were shifted backward by 1–2 hours, the period was elongated by approximately the same length, and the photosynthetic parameters attained low values and showed delayed peak times, which confirmed our model predictions. Our study reveals a potential mechanism underlying the circadian regulation of photosynthesis by the clock under different light intensities in tomato.
Two Formulas for F-Polynomials
Authors: Lin Feiyang , Musiker Gregg , Nakanishi Tomoki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We discuss a product formula for $F$-polynomials in cluster algebras and provide two proofs. One proof is inductive and uses only the mutation rule for $F$-polynomials. The other is based on the Fock–Goncharov decomposition of mutations. We conclude by expanding this product formula as a sum and illustrate applications. This expansion provides an explicit combinatorial computation of $F$-polynomials in a given seed that depends only on the $\textbf {c}$-vectors and $\textbf {g}$-vectors along a finite sequence of mutations from the initial seed to the given seed.
Geospatial modelling of lymphatic filariasis and malaria co-endemicity in Nigeria
Authors: Eneanya Obiora A , Reimer Lisa J , Fischer Peter U , Weil Gary J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and malaria are important vector-borne diseases that are co-endemic throughout Nigeria. These infections are transmitted by the same mosquito vector species in Nigeria and their transmission is similarly influenced by climate and sociodemographic factors. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between the geospatial distribution of both infections in Nigeria to better coordinate interventions.

Methods
We used national survey data for malaria from the Demographic and Health Survey dataset and site-level LF mapping data from the Nigeria Lymphatic Filariasis Control Programme together with a suite of predictive climate and sociodemographic factors to build geospatial machine learning models. These models were then used to produce continuous gridded maps of both infections throughout Nigeria.

Results
The R2 values for the LF and malaria models were 0.68 and 0.59, respectively. Also, the correlation between pairs of observed and predicted values for LF and malaria models were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61 to 0.79; p&lt;0.001) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.71; p&lt;0.001), respectively. However, we observed a very weak positive correlation between overall overlap of LF and malaria distribution in Nigeria.

Conclusions
The reasons for this counterintuitive relationship are unclear. Differences in transmission dynamics of these parasites and vector competence may contribute to differences in the distribution of these co-endemic diseases.
Changes in cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer after expanding the National Cancer Screening Program to younger women in Korea
Authors: Kim Woorim , Chun Sungyoun , Lee Sang Ah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The National Cancer Screening Program of South Korea for cervical cancer was expanded from women aged ≥30 years to women aged ≥20 years in 2016. This study investigated the effect of this policy on occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer in women in their twenties. The National Health Information Database for the years 2012–19 was used. The outcome measures were monthly occurrence rates of cervical dysplasia, cervical carcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer. An interrupted time series analysis was performed to investigate whether the number of occurrences changed after policy implementation. For cervical dysplasia, a pre-intervention decreasing trend of 0.3243 per month (P-value &lt; .0001) was found. The post-intervention trend did not differ significantly, although the slope increased at a rate of 0.4622 per month (P-value &lt; .0001). For carcinoma in situ, a trend of increase at 0.0128 per month (P-value = .0099) was seen before policy implementation. The post-intervention trend did not escalate, but the slope showed an increasing trend of 0.0217 per month (P-value &lt; .0001). For cervical cancer, no significant trend was present before intervention. Occurrences of cervical cancer escalated at a rate of 0.0406 per month (P-value &lt; .0001) after policy implementation, and the slope also showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.0394 per month (P-value &lt; .0001). Expanding the target population for cervical cancer screening increased detection rates for cervical cancer in women aged between 20 and 29 years.
Enhanced meat chicken productivity in response to the probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 is associated with the enrichment of microbial amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Bajagai Yadav Sharma , Yeoh Yun Kit , Li Xiuhua , Zhang Dagong , Dennis Paul G , Ouwerkerk Diane , Dart Peter J , Klieve Athol V , Bryden Wayne L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics as a growth promoter in animal diets has either been banned or voluntarily withdrawn from use in many countries to help curb the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Probiotics may be an alternative to antibiotics as a growth promoter. We investigated the effects of a novel probiotic strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 (H57) on the performance and microbiome-associated metabolic potential.

Methods and Results
Broiler chickens were fed either sorghum- or wheat-based diets supplemented with the probiotic H57. The growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion in supplemented birds were compared with those in non-supplemented control. Caecal microbial metabolic functions were studied with shotgun metagenomic sequencing. H57 supplementation significantly increased the growth rate and daily feed intake of meat chickens relative to the non-supplemented controls without any effect on feed conversion ratio. In addition, relative to the non-supplemented controls, gene-centric metagenomics revealed that H57 significantly altered the functional capacity of the caecal microbiome, with amino acid and vitamin synthesis pathways being positively associated with H57 supplementation.

Conclusions
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H57 improves the performance of meat chickens or broilers and significantly modifies the functional potential of their caecal microbiomes, with enhanced potential capacity for amino acid and vitamin biosynthesis.
Evaluation of stormwater microbiomes for the potential biodegradation of tire wear particle contaminants
Authors: Saifur Sumaiya , Gardner Courtney M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aim
Stormwater is a major source of many contaminants of emerging concern, which can be toxic to both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. This project aimed to identify novel biodegraders of toxic tire wear particle (TWP) contaminants associated with coho salmon mortality.

Methods and results
This study has (i) characterized the prokaryotic communities of stormwater in both urban and rural settings; (ii) evaluated the ability of stormwater isolates to degrade two model TWP contaminants, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine and 1,3-diphenylguanidine; and (iii) evaluated the toxicological impact of these model contaminants on the growth of six model bacteria. Rural stormwater possessed a diverse microbiome dominated by Oxalobacteraceae, Microbacteriaceae, Cellulomonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae taxa, while urban stormwater showed much less microbial diversity overall. Additionally, multiple stormwater isolates appeared capable of using model TWP contaminants as their sole carbon source. Each model contaminant was also found to alter growth patterns of model environmental bacteria including, with 1,3-DPG appearing more acutely toxic at high concentrations.

Conclusion
This study identified several stormwater isolates that have the potential to be used as a sustainable solution to stormwater quality management.
Description of three new species of Dexosarcophaga (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from Brazil with new information on synonyms and filling gaps in species distribution
Authors: Santos Josenilson R , Gomes Marina M , Mulieri Pablo R , Mello-Patiu Cátia A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Three new species of DexosarcophagaTownsend, 1917 are described based on male specimens collected in Brazil, Dexosarcophaga sinoisp. nov., Dexosarcophaga autisferasp. nov., and Dexosarcophaga clavissp. nov. Male morphology is represented by photographs and detailed illustrations of terminalia. Dexosarcophaga carvalhoi (Lopes, 1980), Dexosarcophaga globulosaLopes, 1946, Dexosarcophaga limitata (Lopes, 1975), Dexosarcophaga paulistana (Lopes, 1982b), and Dexosarcophaga petraSantos, Pape and Mello-Patiu 2022 are recorded for the first time in Argentina. Also, Dexosarcophaga lenkoiLopes, 1968, Dexosarcophaga montana (Lopes, 1975), and Dexosarcophaga transitaTownsend, 1917 have their distribution expanded with new records. Dexosarcophaga transita is considered a senior synonym of Dexosarcophaga chaetosaBlanchard, 1939syn. nov., Dexosarcophaga itaquaDodge, 1966syn. nov., and Dexosarcophaga lopesiDodge, 1968syn. nov. With the addition of the new species and the new synonymies proposed, Dexosarcophaga now contains 58 species, of which 10 are recorded in Argentina and 35 in Brazil.
Transportation barriers, emergency room use, and mortality risk among US adults by cancer history
Authors: Jiang Changchuan , Yabroff K Robin , Deng Lei , Wang Qian , Perimbeti Stuthi , Shapiro Charles L , Han Xuesong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLack of safe, reliable, and affordable transportation is a barrier to medical care, but little is known about its association with clinical outcomes.MethodsWe identified 28 640 adults with and 470 024 adults without a cancer history from a nationally representative cohort (2000-2018 US National Health Interview Survey) and its linked mortality files with vital status through December 31, 2019. Transportation barriers were defined as delays in care because of lack of transportation. Multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations of transportation barriers with emergency room (ER) use and mortality risk, respectively, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, health insurance, comorbidities, functional limitations, and region.ResultsOf the adults, 2.8% (n = 988) and 1.7% (n = 9685) with and without a cancer history, respectively, reported transportation barriers; 7324 and 40 793 deaths occurred in adults with and without cancer history, respectively. Adults with a cancer history and transportation barriers, as compared with adults without a cancer history or transportation barriers, had the highest likelihood of ER use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34 to 3.27) and all-cause mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.94 to 2.68), followed by adults without a cancer history with transportation barriers (ER use aOR = 1.98, 95% CI =1.87 to 2.10; all-cause mortality aHR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.46 to 1.70) and adults with a cancer history but without transportation barriers (ER use aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.44; all-cause mortality aHR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.65).ConclusionDelayed care because of lack of transportation was associated with increased ER use and mortality risk among adults with and without cancer history. Cancer survivors with transportation barriers had the highest risk.
Association between self-medication with antibiotics and purchase of brand-name drugs: analysis of a national survey in Peru
Authors: Benites-Meza Jerry K , Herrera-Añazco Percy , Santillán-Rodríguez Arón A , Zumarán-Nuñez Carlos J , Barturén-Alvarado Luz C , Benites Zapata Vicente A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the association between self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) and purchase of brand-name drugs in Peru.

Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted using a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016. The exposure variable was self-medication (SM), which is defined as the purchase of drugs for self-administration without a medical prescription. The study outcome was the purchase of brand-name drugs (yes/no). Sociodemographic variables, such as health insurance and type of institution, were considered as confounders. To assess the association between SMA and the purchase of brand-name drugs, the crude prevalence ratios (cPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated with their confidence intervals at 95% (95% CI) using a Poisson-type generalized linear model and considering the complex survey design.

Key findings
A total of 1862 participants were analysed; 54.4% of the participants were women with a mean age of 39.3 years. The prevalence rate of SMA was 54.3%, whereas that of the purchase of brand-name drugs was 55.3%. The adjusted Poisson regression analysis showed an association between SMA and the purchase of brand-name drugs (aPR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.18–1.37; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
It was found that 5 of 10 respondents SMA. Approximately 6 of 10 respondents that SMA used brand-name drugs. SMA is associated with a higher probability of purchasing brand-name drugs.
Climate change and vector-borne diseases: a multi-omics approach of temperature-induced changes in the mosquito
Authors: Bellone Rachel , Lechat Pierre , Mousson Laurence , Gilbart Valentine , Piorkowski Géraldine , Bohers Chloé , Merits Andres , Kornobis Etienne , Reveillaud Julie , Paupy Christophe , Vazeille Marie , Martinet Jean-Philippe , Madec Yoann , De Lamballerie Xavier , Dauga Catherine , Failloux Anna-Bella 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Climate change and globalization contribute to the expansion of mosquito vectors and their associated pathogens. Long spared, temperate regions have had to deal with the emergence of arboviruses traditionally confined to tropical regions. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Europe in 2007, causing a localized outbreak in Italy, which then recurred repeatedly over the years in other European localities. This raises the question of climate effects, particularly temperature, on the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms set up in the vector in response to temperature.

Methods
We combine three complementary approaches by examining Aedes albopictus mosquito gene expression (transcriptomics), bacterial flora (metagenomics) and CHIKV evolutionary dynamics (genomics) induced by viral infection and temperature changes.

Results
We show that temperature alters profoundly mosquito gene expression, bacterial microbiome and viral population diversity. We observe that (i) CHIKV infection upregulated most genes (mainly in immune and stress-related pathways) at 20°C but not at 28°C, (ii) CHIKV infection significantly increased the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae Serratia marcescens at 28°C and (iii) CHIKV evolutionary dynamics were different according to temperature.

Conclusion
The substantial changes detected in the vectorial system (the vector and its bacterial microbiota, and the arbovirus) lead to temperature-specific adjustments to reach the ultimate goal of arbovirus transmission; at 20°C and 28°C, the Asian tiger mosquito Ae. albopictus was able to transmit CHIKV at the same efficiency. Therefore, CHIKV is likely to continue its expansion in the northern regions and could become a public health problem in more countries than those already affected in Europe.
Characterization of the signalling pathways involved in the repression of root nitrate uptake by nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chaput Valentin , Li Jianfu , Séré David , Tillard Pascal , Fizames Cécile , Moyano Tomas , Zuo Kaijing , Martin Antoine , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A , Gojon Alain , Lejay Laurence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, root high-affinity nitrate (NO3–) uptake depends mainly on NRT2.1, 2.4, and 2.5, which are repressed by high NO3– supply at the transcript level. For NRT2.1, this regulation is due to the action of (i) feedback down-regulation by N metabolites and (ii) repression by NO3– itself mediated by the transceptor NRT1.1(NPF6.3). However, for NRT2.4 and NRT2.5, the signalling pathway(s) remain unknown as do the molecular elements involved. Here we show that unlike NRT2.1, NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 are not induced in an NO3– reductase mutant but are up-regulated following replacement of NO3– by ammonium (NH4+) as the N source. Moreover, increasing the NO3– concentration in a mixed nutrient solution with constant NH4+ concentration results in a gradual repression of NRT2.4 and NRT2.5, which is suppressed in an nrt1.1 mutant. This indicates that NRT2.4 and NRT2.5 are subjected to repression by NRT1.1-mediated NO3– sensing, and not to feedback repression by reduced N metabolites. We further show that key regulators of NRT2 transporters, such as HHO1, HRS1, PP2C, LBD39, BT1, and BT2, are also regulated by NRT1.1-mediated NO3– sensing, and that several of them are involved in NO3– repression of NRT2.1, NRT2.4, and NRT2.5. Finally, we provide evidence that it is the phosphorylated form of NRT1.1 at the T101 residue, which is most active in triggering the NRT1.1-mediated NO3– regulation of all these genes. Altogether, these data led us to propose a regulatory model for high-affinity NO3– uptake in Arabidopsis, highlighting several NO3– transduction cascades downstream of the phosphorylated form of the NRT1.1 transceptor.