bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dollar and Exports
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Shin Hyun Song 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The strength of the U.S. dollar has attributes of a barometer of dollar credit conditions, with a stronger dollar associated with tighter dollar credit conditions. We find that following dollar appreciation, exporters that are more reliant on dollar-funded bank credit suffer a greater decline in credit and slowdown in exports, including those exporting to the United States. Our findings shed light on the role of the U.S. dollar in the interaction between financial globalization and international trade and show a novel channel of exchange rate transmission that goes in the opposite direction to the competitiveness channel.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist protects against cold stress–induced erectile dysfunction in rats
Authors: Ruze Abudureyimujiang , Wang Binghua , Jin Jin , Hou Pengcheng , Tuerxun Diliyaer , Amuti Siyiti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) demonstrates seasonal variation with higher rates in winter, and we hypothesize that endothelial damage in erectile tissue caused by bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R) might be detrimental to this change.AimTo find out direct correlations between cold stress and ED, through which to further investigate the functional roles of B1R in erectile tissue and to elucidate the therapeutic roles of the B1R antagonist in a cold stress–induced ED rat model.MethodsCold stress rat models are established through long-term intermittent exposure to low temperature. After their erectile function was assessed, ED rats were treated with the B1R antagonist through intraperitoneal injection. Penile tissues were obtained at the end of the experiment after measurement of intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP); the location and distribution of cytokine expression were determined by immunohistochemistry; cytokine levels and NOS and CD31 expression were detected by Western blotting; and collagen fibers and smooth muscles were observed through Masson staining.OutcomesCold stress impairs erectile function, and the B1R antagonist protects against it.ResultsWe observed decreased erection frequency, prolonged erection latency time, decreased ICP/MAP, overexpression of B1R, increased expression of cytokines on cavernous sinus endothelium, and increased levels of collagen fibers/smooth muscles on erectile tissue in response to cold stress. Also, NOS and CD31 expression was downregulated. B1R antagonist treatment shows enhanced erectile function through increased erection frequency, shortened erection latency time, and increased ICP/MAP. Also, it reduces collagen fibers/smooth muscles, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-6 and upregulates the expression of nNOS and CD31.Clinical TranslationOur findings cast new light on the correlations between cold stress and erectile function and potential new applications of existing B1R antagonist drugs in the field of ED.Strengths and LimitationsOur data support that cold stress impairs erectile function. B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it, and B1R inhibition protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Other ways of B1R antagonist blocking methods in different types of ED still need to be investigated.ConclusionLong-term intermittent cold stress impairs erectile function, and B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it. B1R inhibition also protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Our data support the hypothesis that cold stress impairs erectile function and that B1R blockade ameliorates the symptoms of ED, possibly by reversing fibrosis and endothelial damage in erectile tissue.
A systematic review to assess the burden of ischemic priapism in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Nellesen Dave , Lucas Sedge , Liu Che-Rung , Bhor Menaka , Paulose Jincy , Burnett Arthur L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Ischemic priapism is a serious condition characterized by a persistent and painful involuntary erection. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an elevated risk of experiencing priapism, with approximately 40% experiencing priapism during their lifetime.

Objectives
This systematic literature review (SLR) sought to identify studies reporting the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden of SCD-related priapism.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR, and 14 congresses were searched. Results were screened against predefined criteria and studies assessing relevant aspects of burden for human patients with SCD-related priapism were included. Outcomes of interest included rates of erectile dysfunction (ED), other disease-related complications, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and economic burden.

Results
Of 1,236 publications identified, 34 were included. Most studies were retrospective observational (21). Sample size varied widely (range, 15–10,788). Study publication dates ranged from November 1980 through April 2018. Twenty-one studies reported clinical burden, with findings falling into 4 categories-priapism duration, recurrence frequency, incidence/severity of ED, and other complications. Nineteen studies reported humanistic burden, finding limited use of validated HRQoL measures such as the International Index of Erectile Function and the Priapism Impact Profile. Other patient-reported humanistic outcomes included worse scores on sleep-related indices and low rates of satisfactory intercourse. Eight studies reported economic burden. Direct treatment costs ranged from $4,996 for patients without penile operations to $22,906 (2019 USD) for patients receiving transfusions and urologic procedures.

Conclusions
This SLR identified 34 studies providing evidence of the burden of priapism for patients with SCD, including painful complications and diminished physical, mental and sexual function.
A systematic review of sexual health consequences among women with lichen sclerosus
Authors: Smith Alyssa B , Muhammad Náimah I , Cigna Sarah T , Krapf Jill M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition predominantly affecting the vulva. Studies have shown high rates of sexual dysfunction in patients with LS; however, the sexual effects of the condition are poorly acknowledged.

Objectives
We sought to identify sexual health consequences among women with vulvar LS through systematic review of available literature.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was conducted to find reports on sexual health consequences among women with LS. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were queried. Included articles were observational studies evaluating women with LS and their sexual health and randomized controlled trials or comparative studies utilizing a validated sexual health measure before intervention among the same population. Articles must have been written in English and published from January 1991 to April 2022.

Results
The search produced 683 references, including 32 articles that met criteria for full-text review and 20 reported studies that met inclusion criteria. Two studies investigated the impact of LS on interpersonal relationships, 6 studies evaluated sexual symptoms, 16%-60% reported sexual dysfunction, and 22%-56.7% reported dyspareunia. Also described were decreased sexual frequency and satisfaction, negative impact on sexual relationships, and feelings of inadequacy. Eight publications evaluated the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); all described studies that demonstrated a central tendency less than 26.55. Four publications evaluated the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS); all demonstrated average scores greater than 12. Two publications evaluated the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS), both found decreased scores compared to controls. Four publications evaluated the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); impact on quality of life was small to very large, with sexual difficulties affecting most study patients. One publication evaluated the Vulvar Quality of Life Index (VQLI); sexuality was the second highest-scoring subgroup.

Conclusions
Sexual health consequences of LS include sexual pain, dysfunction, and distress; negative genital self-image; and negative impact on sexual relationships. Women with LS experience a negative impact on quality of life, particularly related to sexual functioning.
PL-4: INSIGHTS INTO MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF HYPERTENSION FROM HUMAN GENETICS
Authors: Lifton Richard P. 
Published: January 2023

Identification and investigation of rare patients with extreme forms of high and low blood pressure has led to the identification of specific genes whose mutation results in these outlier phenotypes. These rare mutations converge on genes that mediate or regulate the renal reabsorption of Na-Cl. Mutations that increase or decrease renal salt reabsorption respectively increase or decrease blood pressure. Mutations that cause hypertension include gain of function mutations in subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and in any of eight genes that cause constitutive activity of ENaC by its stimulation via its major regulator, the mineralocorticoid receptor, the target of aldosterone signaling; these increase salt reabsorption in the distal nephron. Conversely, mutations that cause hypotension include loss of function mutations in ENaC subunits, but also mutations the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) or a K+ channel required for cotransporter function that act in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), or mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter as well as K+ and Cl- channels expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle that are required for normal Na-Cl reabsorption in this nephron segment. ENaC, the Na-Cl cotransporter and the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, as well as the mineralocorticoid receptor are all commonly used targets for treatment of hypertension and/or diuresis.
In addition to these genes, genetic studies also identified a previously unrecognized pathway that regulates the balance between renal salt reabsorption and K+ secretion. Mutations in the kinases WNK1 or WNK4, or genes that mediate their degradation via ubiquitylation, CUL3 and KLHL3 cause hypertension with hyperkalemia. Activity of WNK1 and WNK4 stimulates activation of NCC promoting Na-Cl reabsorption in the DCT, reducing Na-Cl- delivery distally, thereby limiting ENaC activity and limiting K+ secretion in the distal nephron. Conversely, hyperkalemia inhibits WNK activity, promoting distal Na-Cl delivery and maximizing K+ secretion. Angiotensin II signaling promotes WNK activity, increasing Na-Cl reabsorption in the DCT and inhibiting K+ secretion, while hyperkalemia appears to inhibit WNK activity, providing distal Na+ delivery that is used to drive K+ secretion.
The importance of this pathway is that it can explain the mechanism by which increased dietary K+ lowers blood pressure. Both reduced dietary salt intake and increased dietary K+ can reduce blood pressure in controlled settings, and recent large population studies have shown that increased dietary K+ and reduced Na-Cl intake not only lower blood pressure but reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death.
DB-2-2: STARTING ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT WITH COMBINATION THERAPY: CON SIDE OF THE ARGUMENT
Authors: STAESSEN JANA 
Published: January 2023

The 2018 ESC/ESH and the 2020 ISH guidelines for the management of hypertension proposed that initial combination therapy with two antihypertensive agents in a single-pill combination (SPC) is preferred in most patients in need of blood-pressure (BP) lowering treatment and should replace the long-standing concept of starting treatment with a single agent, rotating through antihypertensive drug classes, and next moving towards combining drug classes. The 2019 Japanese guidelines took a more balanced approach in formulating their recommendation for the use of SPCs. The Japanese document states that when a systolic/diastolic BP decrease of 20/10 mmHg is targeted, combination therapy is an option to be considered in starting treatment. However, the Japanese guideline also recommended that if a drug shows only a weak depressor effect or is poorly tolerated, it must be replaced by another agent with a different mechanism of action, implying that starting with SPCs is not mandatory.
By moving SPCs forward as the initial BP lowering strategy, the ESC/ESH and ISH guideline committees overlooked several vested principles in hypertension management: (i) understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension; (ii) prioritizing evidence from randomized clinical trials above observational studies and expert opinion; and (iii) giving consideration to the cost-effectiveness of antihypertensive drug treatment and the sustainability of health care. This article addresses these points. Sources of information included: (i) guidelines issued by European, American, International, British and Japanese Expert Committees, published between 1999 and 2020; (ii) a PubMed search with as terms in the abstract or title hypertension combined with fixed combination OR hypertension combined with single and costs; (iii) the placebo-controlled trials of antihypertensive drug treatment; (iv) three randomized controlled trials of usual versus intensive BP control; and (v) the retail costs of antihypertensive drugs.
We propose that starting antihypertensive therapy in treatment-naive hypertensive patients might be based on a few simple principles. First, use antihypertensive drugs with different modes of action. Second, use antihypertensive agents with a long duration of action based on their molecular structure, so-called forgiving drugs, rather than extended-release dosage formulations. Third, titrate each drug to the highest dose that does not produce adverse effects. Fourth, include a thiazide in the drug combination. Finally, once the right combination has been found by rotating through and combining drug classes as well as the timing of dosing, stimulate adherence by reducing the pill load by prescribing of SPCs including 2 or 3 antihypertensive agents in adjustable doses.
S-02-4: BLOOD PRESSURE, ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND DEMENTIA, AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Peters Ruth , Anderson Craig 
Published: January 2023

Background:
A large number of observational studies show links between hypertension or higher blood pressure (BP) in mid-life and an increased risk of later dementia. In late life, the evidence is more mixed with some studies indicating higher BP is associated with higher dementia risk and some finding U-shaped associations between BP and incident dementia in older age. The clinical trials of antihypertensives to lower BP have shown largely negative results when examining the relationship between antihypertensive use and incident dementia. However, the trials were designed to examine cardiovascular endpoints and several stopped early for cardiovascular benefit thus limiting their statistical power and ability to accrue dementia outcomes. To overcome some of these limitations a pooled individual patient data meta-analysis of five seminal double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trials was undertaken to better define the effects of BP lowering treatment for the prevention of dementia.

Methods:
The double-blind placebo-controlled randomised antihypertensive trials; Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE), Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET), Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS), Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), and SYSTolic Hypertension in EURope Trial (SYST-EUR) were merged into a single database. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the treatment effect on incident dementia. Effect modification was assessed for key population characteristics including age, baseline systolic BP, sex, baseline Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score and presence of prior stroke.

Results:
All trials were balanced across randomised groups. The combined sample was n = 28,008 recruited from 20 countries. Mean baseline age was 69.1 (Standard Deviation 9.3). Median follow-up 4.3 years. Incident dementia occurred in 2.9% and 3.3% of those in active and placebo groups, respectively. Multilevel logistic regression reported an adjusted odds ratio 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.75, 0.99) in favour of antihypertensive treatment reducing risk of incident dementia with a mean BP lowering of 10/4mmHg. Further multinomial regression taking account of death as a competing risk found similar results. There was no effect modification by age, sex, baseline systolic BP, baseline MMSE or prior stroke.

Discussion:
This is the first single-stage individual patient data meta-analysis from double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials. It provides high-quality evidence to support the benefits of antihypertensive treatment in late-mid and later life to lower the risk of dementia. Questions remain as to the potential benefit from antihypertensive treatment commenced earlier in the life-course to reduce the long-term risk of dementia.
S-03-1: BRAIN IMAGING FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Tomimoto Hidekazu 
Published: January 2023

Small vessels in the brain is susceptible especially for the effect of hypertension. Therefore, longstanding hypertension may induce cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) which is designated as hypertensive CSVD. The patients with hypertensive CSVD may exhibit various types of lesions including lacunar infarction, white matter lesion, cerebral hemorrhage and microbleeds in brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. White matter lesions (WMLs) are one of the most representative lesions which are closely related to hypertension and aging. They are classified into periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH), and the former is more closely involved in cognitive decline than the latter. In the SPRINT MIND trial which examined the significance of intensive blood pressure control, WML volume increased by 0.28 cm3 for 4years in the intensive treatment group whereas by 0.92 cm3 in the standard treatment group, indicating 70% suppression of WML expansion. We quantitatively assessed WML volume in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease, and as expected, both PVH DWMH were significantly larger in vascular dementia than in Alzheimer disease. The mechanisms for CMBs are not fully understood but may be secondary to blood-brain barrier damages from long-standing hypertension, or alternatively, amyloid deposition in the tissue. In our previous study, we investigated degree of SVD changes using hypertensive arteriopathy SVD (HA SVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy SVD (CAA SVD) scores. With the analysis of SVD scores in 53 subjects with CMBs admixed with lobar and deep distributions, mixed CMBs were mainly caused by HA.
These neuroimaging markers are crucial for management of hypertension. Small subcortical stroke (SPS3) trial which enrolled patients with symptomatic lacunar infarctions, were divided into two groups: those with a systolic blood pressure target between 130 and 149 mm Hg and those with less than 130 mm Hg. There was no significant difference in the frequency of all strokes, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower in the group with intensive blood pressure control. This SPS3 trial revealed that a systolic blood pressure target of less than 130 mm Hg is beneficial in reducing risk in lacunar stroke patients. Thus, we overview brain imaging markers in hypertensive patients and their significance for the management of SVD.
S-03-2: ASSOCIATIONS OF BRACHIAL-ANKLE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY WITH LEFT ATRIAL STIFFNESS AND LEFT ATRIAL PHASIC FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Liu Yan , Fu Tingting , Pan Yu , Sun Qiaobing , Cong Tao , Jiang Yinong 
Published: January 2023

Aims:
Hypertension induces left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, and arterial stiffness increased. This study aimed to investigate the associations of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with LA stiffness and LA phasic function in hypertension.

Methods:
A total of 309 hypertensive patients enrolled and were divided into two groups based on baPWV [Group I, baPWV< 1517 (cm/s), n = 151; Group II, baPWV> 1517 (cm/s), n = 158]. Two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) based LA phasic strains (LAS-S, LAS-E, LAS-A) and LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) were evaluated. LA stiffness index (LASI) was defined as the ratio of E/e’ to
LAS-S. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to analyze the associations of baPWV with LASI and LA phasic function in all patients as well as age-specific and sex-specific subgroups. Age, sex, and BMI were adjusted (Model 1), systolic blood pressure, Diabetes, HbA1c, LDL-C and eGFR were added (Model 2), then ACEIs/ARBs/ARNI treatment was added (Model 3), and last LVMI, LVEF, E/A ratio and LVGLS were added (Model 4).

Results:
LAS-S and LAS-E were significantly lower in Group II compared with Group I (P < 0.05 for both). LASI was significantly higher in Group II [0.36(0.25, 0.53)] compared with Group I [0.26(0.20, 0.36)] (P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, baPWV was associated with LASI, LAS-S, and LAS-E in Mode l, Model 2 and Model 3. However, after adjusting cardiovascular risk factors, medication, and LV structural and functional parameters (LVEF, LVMI, E/A ratio and LVGLS), baPWV only remained significantly correlated with LASI in Model 4 (P = 0.002) for all patients and in both subgroups (Table). We also evaluated the predictive value of baPWV for LASI, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.666 (95% CI: 0.605–0.726, P < 0.001). Furthermore, baPWV also had predictive values for LASI in age-specific and sex-specific subgroups, however, there were no significant differences between both sexes, or between younger (<50 years old) and older patients (>50 years old) (DeLong test: P > 0.05 for both).

Conclusion:
BaPWV was independently associated with LA stiffness, for all patients as well as in age-specific and sex-specific subgroups. BaPWV also had the predictive value for LA stiffness in hypertension. BaPWV maybe a convenient and useful screening tool for early detection of cardiac functional remodeling and interactions between cardiovascular abnormalities in hypertension.
S-03-4: RENAL IMAGING IN HYPERTENSION
Authors: Schmieder Roland Erich 
Published: January 2023

In this lecture entitled “Renal Imaging in Hypertension” 2 aspects will be highlilighted:
1) The value of imaging the renal arteries and the kidneys morphology for the diagnosis of secondary hypertension and in particular renal artery stenosis. Moreover, the criteria, including imaging parameters for the decision to treat invasively renal artery stenosis or not will be outlined.
2) New technology developments are on the horizon that may enter in the near future the clinical field in order to improve the management of hypertensive patients. In particular, imaging the gidney and the renal perfusion by magnetresonanzimaging (MRI) will be discussed in detail, with its perspective for clinical research purposes as well as for clinicla apllication.
Overall, we can expect further development of imaging the kidneys that are most exciting.