bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Effect of Aluminum Oxide on Flexural Strength and Surface Roughness of Conventional Heat-Cure Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ranjan Madhu , Chatterjee Ujjal , Gupta Arya , Pandey Souvir , Anand Rohit , Keshri Mritunjay 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Acrylic denture base tends to fracture frequently during their service due to poor strength. The surface roughness of denture base is a critical property because denture base with rough surface will cause accumulation of food particles, thereby leading plaque retention. Microbes such as candida albicans are seen inhabitating the surface.

Materials and Methods:
Conventional heat cure denture base reins(DPI) and heat cure denture base resin with incorporation of 15wt% aluminium oxide was studied in two groups with 20 samples each. A mold of size 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm (ISO Standard) was obtained by investing brass rectangles. About forty specimens were prepared. Specimens were divided into two groups (n = 20) coded A and B. Group A was the control group (n = 20) without addition of aluminum oxide. Group B was the experimental group (n = 20) with addition of 15 wt % aluminum oxide. All the specimens were stored in distilled water for 14 days. The flexural strength was measured using a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine, and the surface roughness was measured using contact-type profilometer.

Results:
Incorporation of 15wt% aluminum oxide leads to a significant increase in flexural strength and surface roughness of conventional heat-cure denture base resin.
Evaluating the Effect of Ormeloxifene on Multiple Fibroadenomas and Mastalgia
Authors: Brahmachari Swagata , Bhagat Vaishali , Patil Pooja , Vasuniya Vikram 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Most common benign breast conditions presenting in the breast clinics include fibroadenomas and mastalgia, both these conditions cause considerable anxiety in the patients. Among other treatment modalities, the hormonal drug treatments are gaining popularity. Ormeloxifene (centchroman) is an antiestrogenic drug which is shown to have effect in reducing the pain in mastalgia patients and the size of fibroadenoma.

Objectives:
Ormeloxifene is selective antiestrogen and a nonsteroidal drug. It has a discerning antiestrogen action and hence is useful for the treatment of mastalgia and multiple small fibroadenomas. Hence, the objective of our study was to assess the effect of Ormeloxifene (centchroman) on multiple fibroadenoma and mastalgia.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with benign breast disease attending our surgery outpatient department from June 2016 to July 2017. Patients were started on Ormeloxifene 30 mg on alternate days for a period of 3 months. Patients were followed up to 6 months after the inception of the study. Parameters recorded include the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain and ultrasonography for breast lump size.

Results:
Thirty patients were included in the study. We found very good response in the mastalgia; the VAS scores in these patients dropped from 10 to 3 in 90% in the 1st week of introduction of the drug, and at the end of 1 month, almost all of the patients were painless. Overall final response was noted in terms of complete dissolution and change in the size was noted in 34% partial response in 46 %, no changes in 17 % and increase in size of fibroadenoma was noted in only one case.

Conclusion:
Novex is proved to be safe drug for the treatment of mastalgia and fibroadenoma. Its results were great in mastalgia group. At the end of 6 months, the number of surgeries (if needed) decrease and there is considerable improvement in the patient satisfaction rate.
Analyzing Effects of Sickle Cell Disease on Morphometric and Cranial Growth in Indian Population
Authors: Menka Kumari , Anand Kumar , Jha Mrigank Shekhar , Goel Abhinav , Nasreen Saba , Palve Devendra H. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Sickle cell disease is the most pervasive autosomal recessive hereditary blood diseases and is characterized by the presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which in turn gives rise to pathophysiological consequences. This HbS reduces the agility of erythrocytes plummeting their ability to pass through small vascular channels, which in turn results in increased blood viscosity and congestion of vascular beds, causing ischemia, local infarction, and hemolysis.

Objectives:
The current study was conducted to carry out the morphometric analysis in patients with sickle cell disease.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 75 subjects detected with sickle cell disease aged between 8 and 16.5 years. The study involved 38 males and 37 females. All the subjects were subjected to lateral cephalogram for the calculation of various angular and linear dimensions of the craniofacial structures. The linear measurements made were nasion-menton height, anterior nasal spine (ANS)-menton height, and nasion-ANS height, whereas the angular measurements made were Frankfurt mandibular plane angle, Frankfort mandibular incisor angle, and incisor mandibular plane angle.

Results:
Major chunk of the subjects had retruded mandible and vertical growth pattern. Few subjects exhibited with maxillary protrusion.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that early diagnosis and management of dental malocclusion in patients with sickle cell disease plays a pivotal role in an attempt to endow with a better quality of life to these individuals.
To Evaluate and Compare the Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Formocresol, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Electrocautery, and Bioactive Glass when used for Pulpotomy in Human Primary Teeth
Authors: Haideri Safia , Koul Monika , Raj Rachna , Salam Sharib Abdus , kalim Md Shadab , Gupta Vivek 
Published: February 2023

Aims:
The aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of formocresol (FC), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), electrocautery, and bioactive glass (BAG) when used for pulpotomy in human primary teeth.

Settings and Design:
The present study comprised of total four Groups A, B, C, and D; the selected children for the procedure were randomly divided into four groups according to the type of agent used as Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D, respectively, having 20 teeth.

Methodology:
In this study, pulpotomies were performed on the respective teeth. The teeth were treated using either FC, MTA, electrocautery, and BAG. Following the pulpotomy procedure, the teeth were evaluated for the clinical and radiographic success for 3, 6, and 12 months. The teeth were evaluated for the presence of pain, swelling, internal and external resorption, and radiolucency.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Fisher's exact test and Yates corrected Chi-square test is used.

Results:
After 12 months of follow-up, the clinical and radiographic success rates were high. Comparing the frequency (%) of overall clinical success rate of four groups at 12 months, the Chi-square test revealed significantly different and higher overall clinical success rate in MTA as compared to other groups, especially FC and EC at 12 months. Comparing the frequency (%) of overall radiographic success rate of four groups at 12 months, the Chi-square test revealed significantly different and higher overall radiographic success rate in MTA as compared to other groups, especially FC and EC at 12 months.

Conclusions:
In this study, the success rates of MTA, BAG, and FC are matching their physical and chemical properties which have been detailed and explained earlier.
Reliability of C-reactive Protein as a Biomarker for Cardiovascular and Oral Diseases in Young and Old Subjects
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Kumar Saurav , Sinha Sonal , Askari Mehdi , Priya Swati , Kumar Shubham J 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), periodontal diseases, and other inflammatory diseases and can be an effective biomarker for predicting future risks of periodontal diseases.

Aims:
The present trial was carried out to evaluate if CRP levels are lower in healthy and young individuals as compared to individuals with high body mass index (BMI), gingival index, and CVDs by assessing CRP levels in young and old individuals (more than 45 years).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 174 participants were recruited for the study and were divided into three following groups: Less than 45 years healthy participants (n = 124), more than 45 years healthy participants, and more 45-year-old participants with CVDs (n = 25). The collected data were subjected to the statistical analysis.

Results:
In Group I, females had a CRP level of 8476 ± 6.86 pg, females of Group II had a CRP value of 13,262 ± 3.76, and in females of Group III CRP value was 22,761 ± 6.24 pg. These values, respectively, for males were 8494 ± 7.68, 13,840 ± 4.82, and 13,839 ± 3.8. In smokers, the CRP values for Group I, II, and III were 29,012 ± 14.66, 12,568 ± 4.16, and 16,826 ± 3.42, respectively.

Conclusion:
CRP levels were higher in males as compared to females. Higher BMI was associated with higher values of CRP. The participants with higher BMI presented higher CRP values irrespective of age.
Skills, Knowledge, and Implementation of Techniques for Behavioral Guidance in Adults with a Fear of Dentistry
Authors: Barbi Wagisha , Raj Vaibhav , Askari Mehdi , Toshi Toshi , Gopalakrishnan Dipti , Kumari Khushboo , Rangari Priyadarshini 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is considered the main reason of dental negligence which can lead to detrimental oral health as well as overall health including psychological well-being and quality of life in an individual.

Aims:
The present trial was aimed to assess the skill and knowledge of dentists in managing DFA in adult subjects, to evaluate the available strategies used in treating such subjects, and to find the need for further education.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was an original survey and questionnaire trial, which was distributed to the 82 dentists. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.

Results:
Educating and motivating subjects was found to be effective by 62.19% (n = 51) of dentists followed by successive approximation, and muscle relaxation was considered highly ineffective by one responder (1.21%). Music and reduced waiting time in the clinic appeared to be the most effective strategy as responded by 56.09% (n = 46) of dentists. Attempting treatment in various visits than a single seems to be a highly ineffective technique by 4 dentists (4.87%).

Conclusion:
Within its limitation, the study showed that the application of various behavior modification techniques can be effective in alleviating DFA in adult patients.
Evaluation of Remineralization Seen in Dentin Related to Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Sairam Gangishetti , Aidasani Gaurav L. , Madanshetty Pallavi , Priya Swati , Kawle Sahil 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Recently, the caries management had shifted from extension for prevention to early detection and remineralization of remaining tooth structure using noninvasive techniques.

Aim:
The present trial was carried out to assess the effect of adding mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate as a surfactant to ceramic on remineralization of dentin.

Materials and Methods:
The 32 teeth were divided into the following four groups randomly (n = 8 each group) – Group I: cavities not restored, Group II: Restored with ceramic, Group III: restored with ceramic and 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate, and Group IV: restored with ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate. Knoop indenter microhardness tests were done at 10, 20, and 40 days. The surface was evaluated under scanning electron microscope. The collected data were subjected to statistical evaluation, and the results were formulated.

Results:
In ceramic restored (Group II), an increase in Knoop microhardness (KHN) values was seen at 10-, 20-, and 40-day assessment with the respective values of 102.2 ± 20.3, 118.7 ± 19.4, and 127 ± 15.1. Similarly, a constant increase at different assessments was observed for Groups III and IV with 2% and 5% of mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate with ceramic with a 40-day KHN value of 128.2 ± 21.4 for Group III and 113.5 ± 17.3 for Group IV. A statistically significant difference was seen between ceramic and 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate (Group IV) with hardness values of 30.31%, 29.8%, and 21.78% for Groups II, III, and IV, respectively, at 20 days.

Conclusion:
The present study concludes that ceramic restorations are effective in promoting dentin remineralization. However, the addition of only 2% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate was beneficial, whereas 5% mono-n-Dodecyl phosphate reduced the efficacy of ceramic on dentin remineralization.
Evaluation of Change in Surface Enamel Microhardness in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy – A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Rajendran Ramya , Sudhakar V. , Rangarajan R. Sumanth , Chinnasamy Anandadevi , Vasupradha G. , Jeeva J. Sathiya 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
This study aims at determining the amount of enamel decalcification in terms of microhardness.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty patients requiring treatment by extraction method for Class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for the study. Twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. In the control group (n = 40), extraction of permanent first premolars was done on day 1 of bonding to assess the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of enamel surface, and in the experimental group (n = 40), extraction of the contralateral premolars was done on the 28th day after bonding to assess the VHN of enamel surface. The values are tabulated and analyzed by SPSS software.

Results:
There is significant surface enamel dissolution of enamel crystals in the experimental group compared to the control group, and a statistically significant difference in VHN is evident between the control and experimental groups. The surface enamel dissolution (VHN) is not significant difference noted between mandibular and maxillary premolars of the control and experimental groups.

Conclusion:
The present study has demonstrated a higher level of surface enamel dissolution in the experimental group. There is a marked difference in the VHN between the control and experimental groups, which is statistically significant. The scanning electron microscopy study also confirms the presence of surface enamel demineralization following orthodontic bonding.
Comparative Evaluation of Classical Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Gow-gates Nerve Block for Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar
Authors: Thomas Abhilash Mathews , Mangalath Ummar , Abida Roshni , Aslam Sachin , Soman Sooraj , Nair Rakesh B. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The most commonly used nerve block procedure to anesthetize the mandibular arch is the classical inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). In 1973, Gow-Gates developed a new procedure known as the Gow Gates nerve block, to achieve anesthesia in the same area with fewer complications.

Methodology:
The study comprised 80 patients who reported for the surgical removal of impacted third molar. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups– Group I received Gow-gates nerve block and Group II were administered classical IANB. Positive aspiration, meantime for the onset of anesthesia, mouth opening before and after each block and pain during the surgical procedure were compared.

Results:
Group 1 yielded positive aspiration in 2.5% of the cases (one patient) and 15% had positive aspiration in Group 2 (six patient). The mean time taken for onset of anesthesia was 6.16 min in Group 1 as compared to 2.78 min in Group 2. While comparing the quality of anesthesia between the blocks, 87.5% of the patients in Group 1 and Group 2 had successful anesthesia equally i.e., 35 of the 40 patients fell into category 1 and 2 of the eight-point category rating scale in both the groups and the remaining five patients (12.5%) in both the groups had unsuccessful anesthesia.

Conclusion:
Both approaches offer quality anesthesia in the posterior mandibular area when meticulously followed. The percentage of unsuccessful anesthesia in the Gow-Gates group could be attributed to the inexperience of the operator. Postoperative comfort and patient satisfaction were greater in the other group.
Knowledge and Experience of Women about Dental Services Utilization during Pregnancy
Authors: Swathi Kapu , Koothati Ramesh Kumar , Motor Rashmitha Roy , Priyadarshini  , RajaShekar C. H. , Vallakonda Sunayana 
Published: February 2023

Aim of the Study:
The present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and experience of women about dental services utilization during pregnancy.

Methodology:
A hospital-based, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 300 women of age between 18 and 45 years who attended Malla Reddy Dental Hospital during 3 months period from October 2019 to December 2019. A questionnaire was distributed to all the participants who had given consent to participate in the study.

Results:
Only 30.7% of the participants attended for dental checkup during their pregnancy. Among them, most of the people (52%) had visited dentist for toothache, followed by gum care (29.34%) and regular checkup (18.47%). Most of the subjects (69.3%) did not use dental services as they were unaware of dental checkup during pregnancy. A significant difference was found between the urban and rural participants regarding the visit to the dentist during pregnancy (P = 0.000, Chi-square value = 19.157).

Conclusion:
Most of the women unaware of dental checkup during pregnancy. They were also not sure aware of dental treatments which can be done during pregnancy and consequences of poor oral hygiene on pregnancy outcome.
Fertility Awareness and Perceptions among Procreant Age Group in Western India
Authors: Banerjee Sonali , Mathews N. Mary 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In India, fertility rate demonstrates a descending trend whereas there is upsurge in infertility rate. In addition, a knowledge gap concerning fertility has been identified among the current generation.

Aim:
To quantify the fertility awareness and in-depth exploration of perceptions about fertility among procreant age group.

Materials and Methods:
Explanatory mixed method design with sequential data collection, nested sampling technique was assumed. Purposive sampling was incorporated to recruit 1000 participants into the prospective cohort study. Awareness was measured using fertility knowledge questionnaire, while qualitative data were collected by in-depth interview of 28 participants until data saturation. The study was intact in terms of ethical compliance.

Results:
Sociodemographic data revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 31.33 ± 6.4 years, 59.6% were female, 78.3% were married, 61.5% completed their university education, 76.0% were working. The mean of overall fertility awareness score was 50.2 ± 13.5. There was no statistical difference in responses of the subgroups (P > 0.05) and only educational status was significantly associated (P = 0.001*) with awareness scores. Perceptions pertinent to fertility were evidently varying amongst the general group and couples accessing fertility treatment, which subsequently was elucidated with the qualitative thematic analysis.

Conclusion:
Procreant age group of western India demonstrated low to average fertility awareness. Assertive recommendations were proposed for fertility awareness initiatives across both genders, irrespective of educational status.
Leptin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Alaguselvaraj Joseph , Selvaraj Kandanraj , Bhaskaran Porselvi , Chidambaram Sainath Muthiah , Rajasekaran Thanigainathan , Mani Muralimani 
Published: February 2023

Aim:
To evaluate the levels of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement and to find the role of leptin as a mediator for tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
GCF was collected from 25 subjects and the levels of leptin in it were measured. Sample (A) pretreatment, (B) 6 h after applying retractive orthodontic force from right side canine, (C) without retractive force from left side canine, and after 21 days from right canine (D), and left canine (E).

Results:
GCF Leptin concentration in pretreatment, 6 h control and 21st day control were all similar. GCF leptin concentration at 6 h test tooth site was increased which was statistically significant. GCF leptin concentration in 21st day test tooth was decreased only a little than the control tooth which shows statistically no difference.

Conclusion:
Leptin is one of the mediators of orthodontic tooth movement.
Assessment of Effect of Periodontal and Prosthodontic Therapy on Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Bala Suman , Kumari Ranjna 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of multifactorial etiology. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of periodontal and prosthodontic therapy on glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods:
80 type II diabetics patients of both genders were divided into Group I (periodontal and prosthodontic therapy) and Group II (Healthy). In control group, only oral hygiene instruction and mouth wash were prescribed.

Results:
Group I had 22 males and 18 females and Group II had 17 males and 23 females. The mean glycated hemoglobin level in Group I was 7.8% before and 6.7% after treatment and in Group II was 6.4% before and 6.2% after treatment. The difference was significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was improvement in glycemic status in diabetic patients undergoing periodontal and prosthodontic therapy as compared to those not undergoing treatment.
Assessment of Correlation of Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Singh Beena , Kumari Shweta 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The present study aimed to assess the correlation of oxidative stress glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.

Methodology:
Forty-eight type II DM patients and healthy subjects were recruited. In all, G6PD activity, protein carbonyl, and total thiol levels were measured.

Results:
The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.4% in Group I and 5.2% in Group II, G6PD activity was 6.5 U/gHb in Group I and 8.2 U/gHb in Group II, protein carbonyl was 14.2 nmol/mg protein in Group I and 3.5 nmol/mg protein in Group II, and total thiol level was 204.7 μmol/mL in Group I and 318.2 μmol/mL in Group II. In Group I, G6PD activity positively correlated with total thiol (r = 0.62) and negatively correlated with protein carbonyl (r = −0.73) and HbA1C (r = −0.67), protein carbonyl positively correlated with HbA1C (r =0.45) and negatively correlated with total thiol (r = −0.84), and total thiol negatively correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.30).

Conclusion:
G6PD may be considered a biomarker of oxidative stress and poor glycemic control in diabetic patients.