bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms by VA CLC residents: A multisite prospective study
Authors: Mody Lona , Gibson Kristen , Cassone Marco , Saint Sanjay , Krein Sarah , Mantey Julia , Janevic Mary , Nguyen Alexandria , Bej Taissa , Hicks Oteshia , Min Lillian , Galecki Andrzej , Greene M Todd , Chigurupat Laxmi , Jump Robin 
Published: September 2023

Background: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) community living centers (CLCs) provide postacute and long-term care. CLC veterans visit myriad locations outside their rooms (eg, rehabilitation, dialysis). Pathogen transmission during out-of-room visits is unknown. Methods: We recruited newly admitted veterans at 3 CLCs. After obtaining informed consent, we cultured nares, groin, hands, and 7 surfaces in the patient rooms. We accompanied veterans to up to 5 out-of-room visits and cultured patients’ hands and surfaces they touched. We tested for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and quinolone, carbapenem, and/or ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria (R-GNB). We defined transmission as a positive culture following an initial negative culture during the same visit. Results: We enrolled 137 veterans (median follow-up, 29 days; mean, 5.9 visits); 97% were postacute patients. We conducted 539 patient-room sampling visits (mean, 3.9 per veteran; 5,490 swabs) and accompanied 97 veterans to 266 out-of-room sampling visits (mean, 2.7 per veteran; 2,360 swabs). Of 137 patients, 47 (35%) were colonized with an MDRO at enrollment and 74 (58%) of 128 patients were colonized on any follow-up patient-room visits. Of 133 patients, 55 (41%) acquired a new MDRO, most often VRE (31 of 97, 32%). In patient rooms, toilet seats [114 (21%) of 538], curtains [101 (19%) of 530] and bedrails [98 (18%) of 539] were most frequently contaminated. Among 266 out-of-room visits, 17% had surfaces contaminated with MDROs, most commonly involving dialysis [4 (31%) of 13], radiology [2 (25%) of 8], and rehabilitation therapy [29 (18%) of 159] (Fig. 1).Transmission of MDROs during out-of-room visits was common and occurred in 18% of visits with 8% (9 MRSA and 12 VRE) acquiring a new MDRO on their hands and 12% (9 MRSA and 23 VRE) of MDRO transmission occurring from hands to a surface that the patient touched (Fig. 1). In 18 (58%) of 31 cases, the organism transmitted to a surface was on patient hands at the start of the visit. Transmission was most common during visits to dialysis (3 to patients and 2 to surfaces), radiology (1 to a patient and 2 to surfaces), and rehabilitation therapy (13 to patients and 21 to surfaces) (Fig. 2). Conclusions: New MDRO acquisition during VHA CLC stay was common, and nearly one-fifth of out-of-room visits resulted in MDRO transmission. Our analyses suggest that veterans’ hands may shed MDROs (MRSA and VRE) to surfaces. Interventions to reduce MDRO transmission during visits for rehabilitation, dialysis, and other therapies are needed.Disclosures: None
Assessment of changes in the national surveillance data for adult and pediatric VAE during the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals
Authors: Pattabiraman Vaishnavi , Watkins Jennifer , Abner Sheila , Lastinger Lindsey 
Published: September 2023

Background: Among US acute-care hospitals (ACHs) reporting to the NHSN, significant increases in the incidence of Ventilator-Associated Events (VAEs) were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic years in comparison with 2019. We assessed changes in the national event-level VAE data, including the incidence of specific event-types: Ventilator-Associated Condition (VAC), Infection-related Ventilator-Associated Complication (IVAC) and Possible Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (PVAP). We also examined changes in associated pathogens, and we evaluated incidence density rates (IDRs) of pediatric VAE (PedVAE) before and during the pandemic years. Methods: We analyzed data on VAE and PedVAE reported to NHSN between 2019 through the second quarter of 2022 (2022Q2) in ACHs. Annual proportions of VAC, IVAC, or PVAP were calculated; changes versus 2019 were assessed. The 10 most common PVAP pathogens reported annually were examined, and the percentages and ranks for each were calculated. Among pediatric and neonatal locations, PedVAE IDR were calculated as the number of events per 1,000 ventilator days and were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic years. All comparisons were conducted using a mid-P exact test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Between 1,266 - 1,357 ACHs reported VAE data each year. A total of 24,836 (2019), 37,592 (2020), and 50,362 (2021) VAEs were reported. The proportion of VAC events in 2020 (64.1%) was significantly higher than in 2019 (62.9%), while the 2020 and 2021 PVAP proportions (8.7% and 9.2%, respectively) were significantly lower than in 2019 (10.0%). The majority of VAEs were reported from the same location types annually. The top 3 PVAP pathogens reported for each year remained unchanged: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella. However, the proportion identified as Haemophilus influenzae decreased significantly each year from 2019-2021, with the rank dropping from #5 in 2019 (6.6%) to #10 in 2021 (2.3%). Between 199 – 257 ACHs conducted PedVAE surveillance. PedVAE IDR were significantly lower in 2020 (0.8), 2021 (1.1), and the first half of 2022 (0.8) when compared to 2019 (1.3). Conclusions: This study provides a national view of specific VAEs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some changes in the associated pathogens, and the proportions of VAC and PVAP, were observed. This study is the first to produce national benchmarks for PedVAE IDR. Additional ACHs conducting PedVAE surveillance in NHSN would improve the representativeness of our results.Disclosures: None
Integrating a focus on health equity in implementation science: Case examples from the national cancer institute’s implementation science in cancer control centers (ISC3) network
Authors: Aschbrenner Kelly A. , Oh April Y. , Tabak Rachel G. , Hannon Peggy A. , Angier Heather E. , Moore W. Todd , Likumahuwa-Ackman Sonja , Carroll Jennifer K. , Baumann Ana A. , Beidas Rinad S. , Mazzucca-Ragan Stephanie , Waters Erika A. , Sadasivam Rajani S. , Shelton Rachel C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
A Health Equity Task Force (HETF) of members from seven Centers funded by the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Implementation Science in Cancer Control Centers (ISC3) network sought to identify case examples of how Centers were applying a focus on health equity in implementation science to inform future research and capacity-building efforts.

Methods:
HETF members at each ISC3 collected information on how health equity was conceptualized, operationalized, and addressed in initial research and capacity-building efforts across the seven ISC3 Centers funded in 2019–2020. Each Center completed a questionnaire assessing five health equity domains central to implementation science (e.g., community engagement; implementation science theories, models, and frameworks (TMFs); and engaging underrepresented scholars). Data generated illustrative examples from these five domains.

Results:
Centers reported a range of approaches focusing on health equity in implementation research and capacity-building efforts, including (1) engaging diverse community partners/settings in making decisions about research priorities and projects; (2) applying health equity within a single TMF applied across projects or various TMFs used in specific projects; (3) evaluating health equity in operationalizing and measuring health and implementation outcomes; (4) building capacity for health equity-focused implementation science among trainees, early career scholars, and partnering organizations; and (5) leveraging varying levels of institutional resources and efforts to engage, include, and support underrepresented scholars.

Conclusions:
Examples of approaches to integrating health equity across the ISC3 network can inform other investigators and centers’ efforts to build capacity and infrastructure to support growth and expansion of health equity-focused implementation science.
Host response of Nicotiana benthamiana to the parasitism of five populations of root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, from China
Authors: Sun M. , Niu W. , Shi L. , Lv Y. , Fu B. , Xia Y. , Li H. , Wang K. , Li Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a recent survey of nematodes associated with tobacco in Shandong, China, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus coffeae was identified using a combination of morphology and molecular techniques. This nematode species is a serious parasite that damages a variety of plant species. The model plant benthi, Nicotiana benthamiana, is frequently used to study plant-disease interactions. However, it is not known whether this plant species is a host of P. coffeae. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the parasitism and pathogenicity of five populations of the root-lesion nematode P. coffeae on N. benthamiana.N. benthamiana seedlings with the same growth status were chosen and inoculated with 1,000 nematodes per pot. At 60 days after inoculation, the reproductive factors (Rf = final population densities (Pf)/initial population densities (Pi)) for P. coffeae in the rhizosphere of N. benthamiana were all more than 1, suggesting that N. benthamiana was a good host plant for P. coffeae.Nicotiana. benthamiana infected by P. coffeae showed weak growth, decreased tillering, high root reduction, and noticeable brown spots on the roots. Thus, we determined that the model plant N. benthamiana can be used to study plant-P. coffeae interactions.
Variation in global network properties across risk factors for adolescent internalizing symptoms: evidence of cumulative effects on structure and connectivity
Authors: Black Louise , Farzinnia Reihaneh , Humphrey Neil , Marquez Jose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying adolescents at risk of internalizing problems is a key priority. However, studies have tended to consider such problems in simple ways using diagnoses, or item summaries. Network theory and methods instead allow for more complex interaction between symptoms. Two key hypotheses predict differences in global network properties for those at risk: altered structure and increased connectivity.MethodsThe current study evaluated these hypotheses for nine risk factors (e.g. income deprivation and low parent/carer support) individually and cumulatively in a large sample of 12–15 year-olds (N = 34 564). Recursive partitioning and bootstrapped networks were used to evaluate structural and connectivity differences.ResultsThe pattern of network interactions was shown to be significantly different via recursive partitioning for all comparisons across risk-present/absent groups and levels of cumulative risk, except for income deprivation. However, the magnitude of differences appeared small. Most individual risk factors also showed relatively small effects for connectivity. Exceptions were noted for gender and sexual minority risk groups, as well as low parent/carer support, where larger effects were evident. A strong linear trend was observed between increasing cumulative risk exposure and connectivity.ConclusionsA robust approach to considering the effect of risk exposure on global network properties was demonstrated. Results are consistent with the ideas that pathological states are associated with higher connectivity, and that the number of risks, regardless of their nature, is important. Gender/sexual minority status and low parent/carer support had the biggest individual impacts on connectivity, suggesting these are particularly important for identification and prevention.
The Role of Bjerknes and Shortwave Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific SST Response to Global Warming
Authors: Fu Minmin , Fedorov Alexey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe evolution of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in response to greenhouse warming is of great societal and scientific interest. Most state‐of‐the‐art climate models predict a mean “El Niño‐like” warming pattern by century‐end, characterized by greater warming over the Pacific cold tongue compared to the western warm pool. However, it is unclear which proposed mechanism dominates in this response. Here, we present partially coupled abrupt CO2 doubling experiments in which surface wind stress and shortwave heating are overridden to values from a control simulation. Contrary to previous studies, we find that experiments with overriding of surface wind stress exhibit only 58% of the full reduction in east‐west SST contrast. When both surface wind stress and shortwave flux are overridden, only 34% of the full reduction remains, controlled by spatially‐varying evaporative cooling. These results underscore the importance of Bjerknes and shortwave feedbacks in the tropical Pacific SST response to global warming.
Cerebral endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles regulate microglial polarization and promote autophagy via delivery of miR-672-5p
Authors: Wang Changshui , Feng Lei , Zhu Li , Wu Linlin , Chen Beibei , Cui Changmeng , Yang Mengqi , Gao Yahao , Jiang Pei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe interaction between cerebral endothelial cells (CEC) and brain parenchymal cells is critical to maintain neurovascular homeostasis, whereas extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential to mediate the cell–cell communication. Previous researches demonstrated that CEC-derived EVs (CEC-EVs) confer neuroprotective actions. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we isolated EVs from CEC and assessed their immune-regulatory actions in microglial cells and mice following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. We found that CEC-EVs treatment significantly ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory activation, shifting microglial polarization from pro-inflammatory phenotype to anti-inflammatory phenotype. Meanwhile, microglial cells can effectively internalize CEC-EVs and this process was further enhanced by immune activation. Next, the miRNA microarray analysis revealed that CEC-EVs increased expression of miR-672-5p, which was demonstrated to be the cargo of CEC-EVs. TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding proteins 2 (TAB2) was identified to be the target of miR-672-5p. Through inhibiting TAB2, miR-672-5p derived from CEC-EVs suppressed TAK1-TAB signaling and thereby mitigating the downstream NF-κB activation. Furthermore, we found that by delivering miR-672-5p, CEC-EVs promoted autophagy and hence stimulating autophagic degradation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Our work firstly revealed the neuroimmune-modulating actions of CEC-EVs and further demonstrated that miR-672-5p secreted from CEC-EVs inhibits microglial pro-inflammatory polarization and facilitates autophagic process via targeting TAB2.
LncRNA TIALD contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via inducing AURKA lysosomal degradation
Authors: Wang Yingchao , Zhong Yue , Zheng Xiaoyuan , Cheng Niangmei , Yang Yong , Yang Ye , Wang Fei , Zhuang Qiuyu , Huang Yao , Guo Wuhua , Liao Naishun , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhao Bixing , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase METTL16 is an emerging player in RNA modification landscape and responsible for the deposition of m6A in a few transcripts. AURKA (aurora kinase A) has been confirmed as an oncogene in cancer development including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether METTL16 mediated m6A modification of lncRNAs can regulate AURKA activation in cancer progression. Here we aimed to investigate the functional links between lncRNAs and the m6A modification in AURKA signaling and HCC progression. Here we show that LncRNA TIALD (transcript that induced AURKA Lysosomal degradation) was down-regulated in HCC tissues by METTL16 mediated m6A methylation to facilitate its RNA degradation, and correlates with poor prognosis. Functional assays reveal that TIALD inhibits HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TIALD directly interacts with AURKA and facilitate its degradation through the lysosomal pathway to inhibited EMT and metastasis of HCC. AURKA’s specific inhibitor alisertib exerts effective therapeutic effect on liver cancer with low TIALD expression, which might provide a new insight into HCC therapy. Our study uncovers a negative functional loop of METTL16-TIALD-AURKA axis, and identifies a new mechanism for METTL16 mediated m6A-induced decay of TIALD on AURKA signaling in HCC progression, which may provide potential prognostic and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Vitreomacular interface abnormalities in the Ghanaian African
Authors: Amoaku Winfried M. , Cushley Laura , Silvestri Vittorio , Akafo Stephen , Amissah-Arthur Kwesi N. , Lartey Seth , Hageman Courtney N. , Pappas Christian M. , Hubbard William C. , Bernstein Paul S. , Vitale Albert , Roberts Megan , Virgili Gianni , Hageman Gregory S. , Silvestri Giuliana ,   For the Ghana AMD Study Group, Ahiabor Edem K. , Atkins Amos , Feilmeier Jessica , Feilmeier Michael , Hancox Lisa S. , McCormick Sheri L. , Miller Norma , Nichols Lisa R. , Cushley Laura N. , Ferrin Cóilin P. , Matthews Stacie , Choi Susie , Ricks Christopher 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background/Objective
Describe vitreomacular interface abnormalities (VMIA) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and correlations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) grade in Ghanaian Africans.

Subjects/Methods
Prospective, cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥50 years recruited in Ghana AMD Study. Participant demographics, medical histories, ophthalmic examination, digital colour fundus photography (CFP) were obtained. High-resolution five-line raster OCT, Macular Cube 512 × 128 scans, and additional line scans in areas of clinical abnormality, were acquired. SD-OCT VMI features classified by International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group system and relationships to AMD grade were evaluated. Outcomes: VMIA prevalence, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), vitreomacular adhesions (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), epiretinal membranes (ERM), correlations with AMD grade.

Results
The full Ghana AMD cohort included 718 participants; 624 participants (1248 eyes) aged ≥50 years (range = 50–101, mean = 68.8), 68.9% female were included in this analysis. CFP with OCT scans were available for 776 eyes (397 participants); 707 (91.1%) had gradable CFP and OCT scans for both AMD and VMI grading forming the dataset for this report. PVD was absent in 504 (71.3%); partial and complete PVD occurred in 16.7% and 12.0% respectively. PVD did not increase with age (p = 0.720). VMIA without traction and macular holes were observed in 12.2% of eyes; 87.8% had no abnormalities. VMIA was not significantly correlated with AMD grade (p = 0.819).

Conclusions
This provides the first assessment of VMIA in Ghanaian Africans. VMIA are common in Africans; PVD may be less common than in Caucasians. There was no significant association of AMD grade with VMIA.
Liquid–liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks
Authors: Liu Jason X. , Haataja Mikko P. , Košmrlj Andrej , Datta Sujit S. , Arnold Craig B. , Priestley Rodney D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComplex fibrillar networks mediate liquid–liquid phase separation of biomolecular condensates within the cell. Mechanical interactions between these condensates and the surrounding networks are increasingly implicated in the physiology of the condensates and yet, the physical principles underlying phase separation within intracellular media remain poorly understood. Here, we elucidate the dynamics and mechanics of liquid–liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks by condensing oil droplets within biopolymer gels. We find that condensates constrained within the network pore space grow in abrupt temporal bursts. The subsequent restructuring of condensates and concomitant network deformation is contingent on the fracture of network fibrils, which is determined by a competition between condensate capillarity and network strength. As a synthetic analog to intracellular phase separation, these results further our understanding of the mechanical interactions between biomolecular condensates and fibrillar networks in the cell.
Photostimulation of brain lymphatics in male newborn and adult rodents for therapy of intraventricular hemorrhage
Authors: Li Dongyu , Liu Shaojun , Yu Tingting , Liu Zhang , Sun Silin , Bragin Denis , Shirokov Alexander , Navolokin Nikita , Bragina Olga , Hu Zhengwu , Kurths Jürgen , Fedosov Ivan , Blokhina Inna , Dubrovski Alexander , Khorovodov Alexander , Terskov Andrey , Tzoy Maria , Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya Oxana , Zhu Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntraventricular hemorrhage is one of the most fatal forms of brain injury that is a common complication of premature infants. However, the therapy of this type of hemorrhage is limited, and new strategies are needed to reduce hematoma expansion. Here we show that the meningeal lymphatics is a pathway to remove red blood cells from the brain’s ventricular system of male human, adult and newborn rodents and is a target for non-invasive transcranial near infrared photobiomodulation. Our results uncover the clinical significance of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage in 4-day old male rat pups that have the brain similar to a preterm human brain. The course of phototherapy in newborn rats provides fast recovery after intraventricular hemorrhage due to photo-improvements of lymphatic drainage and clearing functions. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of phototherapy of intraventricular hemorrhage that can be a clinically relevant technology for treatment of neonatal intracerebral bleedings.
An autoinhibited state of 53BP1 revealed by small molecule antagonists and protein engineering
Authors: Cui Gaofeng , Botuyan Maria Victoria , Drané Pascal , Hu Qi , Bragantini Benoît , Thompson James R. , Schuller David J. , Detappe Alexandre , Perfetti Michael T. , James Lindsey I. , Frye Stephen V. , Chowdhury Dipanjan , Mer Georges 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin, mediated by its recognition of histone H4 dimethylated at lysine 20 (H4K20me2), is important for DNA double-strand break repair. Using a series of small molecule antagonists, we demonstrate a conformational equilibrium between an open and a pre-existing lowly populated closed state of 53BP1 in which the H4K20me2 binding surface is buried at the interface between two interacting 53BP1 molecules. In cells, these antagonists inhibit the chromatin recruitment of wild type 53BP1, but do not affect 53BP1 variants unable to access the closed conformation despite preservation of the H4K20me2 binding site. Thus, this inhibition operates by shifting the conformational equilibrium toward the closed state. Our work therefore identifies an auto-associated form of 53BP1—autoinhibited for chromatin binding—that can be stabilized by small molecule ligands encapsulated between two 53BP1 protomers. Such ligands are valuable research tools to study the function of 53BP1 and have the potential to facilitate the development of new drugs for cancer therapy.