bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of age on the severity of problem drinking: Mediating effects of positive alcohol expectancy and neural correlates
Authors: Chaudhary Shefali , Chen Yu , Zhornitsky Simon , Le Thang M. , Zhang Sheng , Chao Herta H. , Dominguez Jacqueline C. , Li Chiang‐Shan R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAging is associated with reduction in the severity of alcohol misuse. However, the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying the age‐related changes remain unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that age‐related diminution of positive alcohol expectancy (AE) mediated the effects of age on problem drinking and investigated the neural correlates of the mediating effects. Ninety‐six drinkers 21–85 years of age, including social drinkers and those with mild/moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD), were assessed for global positive (GP) AE and problem drinking, each with the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and with brain imaging during alcohol cue exposure. We processed imaging data with published routines; identified the correlates shared between whole‐brain regression against age, GP and AUDIT scores; and performed mediation and path analyses to explore the interrelationships between the clinical and neural variables. The results showed that age was negatively correlated with both GP and AUDIT scores, with GP score completely mediating the correlation between age and AUDIT score. Lower age and higher GP correlated with shared cue responses in bilateral parahippocampal gyrus and left middle occipital cortex (PHG/OC). Further, higher GP and AUDIT scores were associated with shared cue responses in bilateral rostral anterior cingulate cortex and caudate head (ACC/caudate). Path analyses demonstrated models with significant statistical fit and PHG/OC and ACC/caudate each interrelating age to GP and GP to AUDIT scores. These findings confirmed change in positive AE as a psychological mechanism mitigating alcohol misuse as individuals age and highlighted the neural processes of cue‐reactivity interrelating age and alcohol use severity.
Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance among conventional versus herbal irrigants in root canal treated teeth: In vitro study
Authors: Sinha Dakshita Joy , Rani Priyanka , Vats Swapnil , Bedi Kunal , Sharma Nidhi , Manjiri Honap Nagesh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of conventional irrigants and herbal extracts materials which helps to resist fracture of endodontically treated teeth. 75 maxillary human permanent incisor teeth instrumented using ProTaper rotary files till apical size(F4). Instrumented samples divided into 5 groups with n = 15 based on various irrigants used. Group I: normal saline, Group II: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group III: 2% chlorohexidine, Group IV: 10% Azadirachta indica (neem extract) and Group V: 10% Ocimum sanctum (tulsi extract).After that, root canals were proceeded to be filled by using single gutta‐percha cone and Sealapex sealer. Specimens were then prepared and loaded until root fracture occurred. Maximum mean flexural strength of dentin (fracture resistance) was obtained from group treated with 2% chlorohexidine and 10% neem extract. Least fracture resistance was observed with 5% NaOCl. Herbal irrigants can be used as an alternative to NaOCl as they exhibit high fracture resistance.
Activity and predation of the threatened pancake tortoise, Malacochersus tornieri
Authors: Mwaya Reginald T. , Tuma Michael W. , Eustace Abraham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe observed out‐of‐crevice behaviours on seven pancake tortoises (Malacochersus tornieri Siebenrock, 1903) at six sites in the Tarangire–Manyara Ecosystem. Most out‐of‐crevice activities were observed during the wet season and late morning, which included basking, walking, foraging and suspected courtship fighting. Predation was evidenced on six live tortoises and two carcasses, with suspects being mesocarnivores, birds and lizards. Future studies should understand the effects of seasonal resource availability on behaviours and life history aspects, as well as predators and predation rates experienced by pancake tortoises.
Prophylactic low‐dose paracetamol for ductal closure and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants
Authors: Höck Michaela , Sappler Maria , Hammerl Marlene , Griesmaier Elke , Ndayisaba Jean‐Pierre , Schreiner Christina , Pupp‐Peglow Ulrike , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Neubauer Vera 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the direct effect of prophylactic low‐dose paracetamol administration for ductal closure on neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants who did not receive ibuprofen or surgical ligation for treatment of a patent ductus arteriosus.MethodsInfants < 32 gestational weeks born 10/2014–12/2018 received prophylactic paracetamol (paracetamol group, n = 216); infants born 02/2011–09/2014 did not receive prophylactic paracetamol (control group, n = 129). Psychomotor (PDI) and mental (MDI) outcome were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 and 24 months corrected age.ResultsOur analyses showed significant differences in PDI and MDI at age 12 months (B = 7.8 (95% CI 3.90–11.63), p < 0.001 and B = 4.2 (95% CI 0.81–7.63), p = 0.016). At age 12 months, the rate of psychomotor delay was lower in the paracetamol group (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.28–3.94, p = 0.004). There was no significant difference between the rates of mental delay at any time‐point. All group differences remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (PDI 12 months B = 7.8 (95% CI 3.77–11.34), p < 0.001, MDI 12 months B = 4.3 (95% CI 0.79–7.45), p = 0.013, PDI < 85 12 months OR 2.65 (95% CI 1.44–4.87), p = 0.002).ConclusionWe found no impairment of psychomotor and mental outcome at age 12 and 24 months in very preterm infants after prophylactic low‐dose paracetamol administration.
The fast and the victorious: Mobility, motorcyclists and political mobilisation in Uganda
Authors: Müller Carsten , Doevenspeck Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs in other African countries, activists in Uganda play an important role during political campaigns. Monetary handouts, called ‘transport refund’, often facilitate their participation. Although these handouts often cover more than just the costs of transportation, the label indicates that mobility is seen as an important financial item for campaign activists. Despite this, little has been published about the role that mobility plays in the processes of political mobilisation in Africa. This article therefore examines mobility as an important yet neglected aspect of political mobilisation by evaluating the role of motorcycle taxi riders during elections in Uganda. Usually referred to as Boda‐Bodas, they are essential short‐distance transport providers in the country. Beyond that, being Boda‐Boda has become a way of survival, a form of social organisation, and a promise that every youth can make a living if he dares to face the dangers of the country's accident‐prone roads. Politicians have since discovered the potential of these bold young men and recruit them en masse ahead of elections. Based on fieldwork conducted between 2018 and 2022, this paper examines the unique mobilities inherent in Boda‐Bodas. It finds that characteristic mobilities enable their movements as transport providers and argues that these mobilities also enhance political rallies. Boda‐Boda motorcycle riders have therefore become a crucial activist group during political campaigns in Uganda.
Rhabdomyolysis and statins: A pharmacovigilance comparative study between statins
Authors: Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2023

Rhabdomyolysis is a serious adverse drug reaction of statins. There are few studies comparing the risk of rhabdomyolysis between the different statins. Using the WHO pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase®, we compared the risk of rhabdomyolysis reporting of seven statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin, with cerivastatin excluded). All reports of rhabdomyolysis in VigiBase® in adults with statins until 31 December 2022 were included. Results are expressed as reporting odds ratio (ROR, 95% CI). Among 10 657 reports with rhabdomyolysis with statins, simvastatin was the highest risk statin in comparison with others: ROR = 2.20 (2.11–2.29). The risk was higher in men, older than 74 years and in cases of drug interactions.
Debunking nutrition myths: An experimental test of the ‘truth sandwich’ text format
Authors: König Laura M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesMyths about diet and nutrition are widespread and may seriously impact health and well‐being. This study tests whether texts in a truth sandwich format, that is, texts presenting two blocks of factual, correcting information around a text block listing a myth and identifying it as false, are effective in reducing agreement with a range of nutrition myths.DesignPrestudy: observational survey; main study: 4 Text × 6 statement mixed experimental design.MethodsOut of 13 nutrition myths that were presented to 58 participants in a prestudy, the six most prevalent myths were selected for the main study. In the preregistered main study, 302 participants were randomly assigned to either reading one of three texts in the truth sandwich format addressing a nutrition myth or reading a text about healthy eating (control condition) before rating their agreement with a total of six nutrition myths.ResultsParticipants agreed less with the specific myth targeted by the truth sandwich text, while controls were not differentiating between them.ConclusionsThus, truth sandwiches are effective in reducing agreement with myths and can be harnessed to promote evidence‐based dietary practices to promote health in the population.
Impact of specialized obesity management services on the reduction in the use of acute hospital services
Authors: Williams Kathryn , Maston Gabrielle , Schneuer Francisco J. , Nassar Natasha 
Published: April 2023

SummarySevere obesity affects 4% of Australians and is associated with increased use of healthcare services and higher healthcare costs. This study evaluates the effect of attending a public tertiary obesity service on acute hospital use. This record‐linkage study included people aged ≥16 years with severe obesity who attended the Nepean Blue Mountains Family Metabolic Health Service (FMHS), New South Wales, Australia between January 2017, and September 2021. Emergency department (ED) presentations and acute hospital admissions and respective costs in the 1‐year and 3‐years pre‐and‐post first FMHS attendance were compared, overall and for adequate attendance (≥5 visits). A total of 640 patients (74% female, 50% <45 years) attended the FMHS, totalling 15 303 occasions of service, average 24 per person. There was a 31.0% and 17.6% reduction in acute admissions and ED presentations, respectively, translating into 34.0% and 23.4% decrease in costs. Adequate engagement was associated with a 48% decreased risk of acute admission (odds ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.29–0.94). Over 3‐years, there was a 19.8% and 20.7% reduction in acute hospital admissions and ED presentations, respectively. Findings indicate that tertiary obesity services reduce acute hospital use. Improved access to specialized obesity management may offload hospitals and contribute to acute healthcare cost avoidance.
Agency and Structure in Militarized Conservation and Armed Mobilization: Evidence from Eastern DRC's Kahuzi‐Biega National Park
Authors: Simpson Fergus O'Leary , Pellegrini Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTOngoing debates in conservation studies stress the dire consequences of ‘fortress’ and ‘militarized’ conservation at violent frontiers. Presenting evidence from Kahuzi‐Biega National Park in war‐torn eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this article shows how the park has become a focal point for armed insurgent groups in the region. Although fortress conservation has contributed to one major incident of violent resistance in recent years, it plays only a marginal role in defining the structures shaping the actions of armed groups. These structures — some of which are reproduced and (occasionally) reshaped by armed groups — include the legacies of poverty and insecurity, the geographical features of the park and the presence of illicit trading networks. This perspective emerges only when we zoom out from the park to place it within the context of the history and broader political economy of the DRC. On the one hand, these dynamics severely constrain the agency of conservation organizations, leaving militarized conservation as the only feasible form of enforcement. This approach at times generates violent outcomes for certain groups of people and produces a resource‐rich, isolated terrain which provides a staging ground for broader conflicts to play out. On the other hand, militarized conservation could provide basic law and order at the forest's edge. Ultimately, therefore, militarized conservation plays an ambivalent role vis‐à‐vis security and stability.
Foreign direct investment and relative capacity: Theory and evidence
Authors: Mei Jen‐Chung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper builds a bilateral FDI‐output model to study intermediary roles played by the relative differences in human capital and technology in triggering the gross‐output‐enhancing effect of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). Our model develops several testable hypotheses to assess how these intermediary factors—the differences between leader and follower countries' capabilities—determine the technology transfer and shorten the gross output gap between the frontier and follower countries. In our empirical work, we employ country‐level panel data that contain 67 countries from 1977 to 2013 and find that the differences in human capital and technology, which take into account the gap in capacity between the leader and follower countries, are the determinants that trigger the gross‐output‐enhancing effect of FDI. Our results are robust to the non‐linear effects, cyclical fluctuations, endogeneity of FDI per se, and the variation of the host countries' institutions and inflation.
Associations between submerged macrophytes and fish communities at two spatial scales in 88 temperate shallow lakes
Authors: Quirino Bárbara Angélio , Søndergaard Martin , Lauridsen Torben Linding , Johansson Liselotte Sander , Fugi Rosemara , Thomaz Sidinei Magela , Lansac‐Tôha Fernando Miranda , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Fish community structure is affected by a range of lake characteristics, including the cover of macrophytes that provide spawning habitats, nursery area, refuge against predators, and food.

We assessed fish–macrophyte relationships at both lake and point scale using an extensive dataset from 88 Danish shallow lakes (maximum depth ≤4.5 m). At lake scale, we used mean values from fish and macrophyte community samples for all lakes, in total 88 samples. The point scale data were derived from multiple points in each lake (in total 595 samples) where both macrophytes and fish were sampled, allowing us to assess within‐lake variations.

We found generally negative relationships between macrophyte cover and fish abundance and biomass, which was strongest at point scale. Contrary to macrophytes, chlorophyll a showed positive relationships with fish abundance—except for perch and all fish <10 cm, which did not show significant relationships. The deeper and more eutrophic the lakes, the more the fish tended to occupy points covered by macrophytes. The abundances of species such as roach and bream were negatively related to macrophyte cover, but, for perch, this relationship was not significant.

Our results suggest that fish abundance and biomass were associated with a combination of factors that are often intercorrelated and difficult to isolate. The relationship between fish abundance and biomass and macrophyte cover may depend on, among other factors, fish species, fish size, and the characteristics of the individual lakes.
Leguminous plants significantly increase soil nitrogen cycling across global climates and ecosystem types
Authors: Gou Xiaomei , Reich Peter B. , Qiu Liping , Shao Mingan , Wei Gehong , Wang Jingjing , Wei Xiaorong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLeguminous plants are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems and significantly increase soil nitrogen (N) cycling and availability, which affects productivity in most ecosystems. Clarifying whether the effects of legumes on N cycling vary with contrasting ecosystem types and climatic regions is crucial for understanding and predicting ecosystem processes, but these effects are currently unknown. By conducting a global meta‐analysis, we revealed that legumes increased the soil net N mineralization rate (Rmin) by 67%, which was greater than the recently reported increase associated with N deposition (25%). This effect was similar for tropical (53%) and temperate regions (81%) but was significantly greater in grasslands (151%) and forests (74%) than in croplands (−3%) and was greater in in situ incubation (101%) or short‐term experiments (112%) than in laboratory incubation (55%) or long‐term experiments (37%). Legumes significantly influenced the dependence ofRminon N fertilization and experimental factors. TheRminwas significantly increased by N fertilization in the nonlegume soils, but not in the legume soils. In addition, the effects of mean annual temperature, soil nutrients and experimental duration onRminwere smaller in the legume soils than in the nonlegume soils. Collectively, our results highlighted the significant positive effects of legumes on soil N cycling, and indicated that the effects of legumes should be elucidated when addressing the response of soils to plants.
CH4 and N2O emissions from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia
Authors: Jovani‐Sancho Antonio Jonay , O'Reilly Patrick , Anshari Gusti , Chong Xin Yi , Crout Neil , Evans Christopher D. , Evers Stephanie , Gan Jing Ye , Gibbins Christopher N. , Gusmayanti Evi , Jamaludin Jamaludin , Jaya Adi , Page Susan , Yosep Yosep , Upton Caroline , Wilson Paul , Sjögersten Sofie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere are limited data for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from smallholder agricultural systems in tropical peatlands, with data for non‐CO2 emissions from human‐influenced tropical peatlands particularly scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify soil CH4 and N2O fluxes from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia and assess their environmental controls. The study was carried out in four regions in Malaysia and Indonesia. CH4 and N2O fluxes and environmental parameters were measured in cropland, oil palm plantation, tree plantation and forest. Annual CH4 emissions (in kg CH4 ha−1 year−1) were: 70.7 ± 29.5, 2.1 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.6 and 6.2 ± 1.9 at the forest, tree plantation, oil palm and cropland land‐use classes, respectively. Annual N2O emissions (in kg N2O ha−1 year−1) were: 6.5 ± 2.8, 3.2 ± 1.2, 21.9 ± 11.4 and 33.6 ± 7.3 in the same order as above, respectively. Annual CH4 emissions were strongly determined by water table depth (WTD) and increased exponentially when annual WTD was above −25 cm. In contrast, annual N2O emissions were strongly correlated with mean total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in soil water, following a sigmoidal relationship, up to an apparent threshold of 10 mg N L−1 beyond which TDN seemingly ceased to be limiting for N2O production. The new emissions data for CH4 and N2O presented here should help to develop more robust country level ‘emission factors’ for the quantification of national GHG inventory reporting. The impact of TDN on N2O emissions suggests that soil nutrient status strongly impacts emissions, and therefore, policies which reduce N‐fertilisation inputs might contribute to emissions mitigation from agricultural peat landscapes. However, the most important policy intervention for reducing emissions is one that reduces the conversion of peat swamp forest to agriculture on peatlands in the first place.
Accelerating the development of a sustainable bioenergy portfolio through stable isotopes
Authors: Blanc‐Betes Elena , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Yang Wendy H. , Chandrasoma Janith , Clark Teresa J. , De Lucia Evan H. , Hyde Charles A. , Kent Angela D. , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Rabinowitz Joshua , Raglin Sierra S. , Schwender Jorg , Shen Yihui , Van Allen Rachel , von Haden Adam C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBioenergy could help limit global warming to 2°C above pre‐industrial levels while supplying almost a fourth of the world's renewable energy needs by 2050. However, the deployment of bioenergy raises concerns that adoption at meaningful scales may lead to unintended negative environmental consequences. Meanwhile, the full consolidation of a bioenergy industry is currently challenged by a sufficient, resilient, and resource‐efficient biomass supply and an effective conversion process. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of how stable isotope approaches have accelerated the development of a robust bioeconomy by advancing knowledge about environmental sustainability, feedstock development, and biological conversion. We show that advances in stable isotope research have generated crucial information to (1) gain mechanistic insight into the potential of bioenergy crops to mitigate climate change as well as their impact on water and nutrient cycling; (2) develop high‐yielding, resilient feedstocks that produce high‐value bioproducts in planta; and (3) engineer microbes to enhance feedstock conversion to bioenergy products. Further, we highlight knowledge gaps that could benefit from future research facilitated by stable isotope approaches. We conclude that advances in mechanistic knowledge and innovations within the field of stable isotopes in cross‐disciplinary research actions will greatly contribute to breaking down the barriers to establishing a robust bioeconomy.
Developing a typology of daily travelers based on transportation attitudes: Application of latent class analysis using a survey of millennials and older adults in Hamilton, Ontario
Authors: Jamal Shaila , Newbold K. Bruce , Scott Darren M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing survey data of millennials and older adults in Hamilton, Ontario, this exploratory study sought to identify daily travelers based on their attitudes and perceptions toward transportation modes using latent class analysis. Four daily traveler types are identified—“walk and transit‐oriented travelers,” “car‐oriented commuters,” “multimodal travelers,” and “car‐oriented travelers.” The study also examined the association of different sociodemographic characteristics and trip attributes with the four traveler types. Findings suggest that heterogeneity exists within travel‐related attitudes among different traveler types. Further, heterogeneous traveler types exist among individuals belonging to the same generation, with the same living arrangements and possession of a driver's license.