bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sink Strength During Sugarcane Culm Growth: Size Matters
Authors: Botha Frederik C. , Scalia Gerard , Marquardt Annelie , Wathen-Dunn Kate 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSugarcane growth and its subsequent yield are linked to plant height. The increase in sugarcane height is controlled by elongation of the top 6 to 7 internodes. The elongation of the internodes can be significantly reduced by an application of the Trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus®) which is a known disruptor of GA synthesis. In this study, the growth and composition of the internodes were analysed following the treatment. We found that the strong inhibitory effect of Moddus® on internode size was due to a strongly suppressed rate of internode elongation, with no effect on the duration of the elongation period. The Moddus® inhibition of internode elongation was not due to a lack of an osmotic potential gradient but probably reflects a higher pressure potential of the tissue. A consequence of the reduced internode size was a significant reduction in carbon flow (sink strength) of the internode. It was not only the rate of internode growth that was altered by Moddus®, but also partitioning within the internode. Partitioning of carbon into components other than the soluble sugars and cell wall was significantly reduced by the Moddus® treatment. The high reducing sugar content in the Moddus® treatment suggests that sucrose mobilisation (hydrolysis by invertases and cleavage by sucrose synthase) might, like the duration of elongation, be controlled by thermal time. No accumulation of reducing sugars was evident in the control internodes probably due to the rapid mobilisation to other cellular processes. Sucrose accumulation in the internode reflected a cessation of sugar utilisation to support growth and maintenance.
Poincaré–Reeb graphs of real algebraic domains
Authors: Bodin Arnaud , Popescu-Pampu Patrick , Sorea Miruna-Ştefana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn algebraic domain is a closed topological subsurface of a real affine plane whose boundary consists of disjoint smooth connected components of real algebraic plane curves. We study the geometric shape of an algebraic domain by collapsing all vertical segments contained in it: this yields a Poincaré–Reeb graph, which is naturally transversal to the foliation by vertical lines. We show that any transversal graph whose vertices have only valencies 1 and 3 and are situated on distinct vertical lines can be realized as a Poincaré–Reeb graph.
Accelerated optimization of CO2-miscible water-alternating-gas injection in carbonate reservoirs using production data-based parameterization
Authors: dos Santos Daniel Rodrigues , Fioravanti André Ricardo , Botechia Vinicius Eduardo , Schiozer Denis José 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnhancing oil recovery in reservoirs with light oil and high gas content relies on optimizing the miscible water alternating gas (WAG) injection profile. However, this can be costly and time-consuming due to computationally demanding compositional simulation models and numerous other well control variables. This study introduces WAGeq, a novel approach that expedites the convergence of the optimization algorithm for miscible water alternating gas (WAG) injection in carbonate reservoirs. The WAGeq leverages production data to create flexible solutions that maximize the net present value (NPV) of the field, while providing practical implementation of individual WAG profiles for each injector. The WAGeq utilizes an injection priority index to rank the wells and determine which should inject water or gas at each time interval. The index is built using a parametric equation that considers factors such as producer and injector relationship, water cut (WCUT), gas–oil ratio (GOR), and wells cumulative gas production, to induce desirable effects on production and WAG profile. To evaluate WAGeq’s effectiveness, two other approaches were compared: a benchmark solution named WAGbm, in which the injected fluid is optimized for each well over time, and a traditional baseline strategy with fixed 6-month WAG cycles. The procedures were applied to a synthetic simulation case (SEC1_2022) with characteristics of a Brazilian pre-salt carbonate field with karstic formations and high CO2 content. The WAGeq outperformed the baseline procedure, improving the NPV by 6.7% or 511 USD million. Moreover, WAGeq required fewer simulations (less than 350) than WAGbm (up to 2000), while delivering a slightly higher NPV. The terms of the equation were also found to be essential for producing a WAG profile with regular patterns on each injector, resulting in a more practical solution. In conclusion, WAGeq significantly reduces computational requirements while creating consistent patterns across injectors, which are crucial factors to consider when planning a practical WAG strategy.
Static and dynamic evaluation of formation damage due to barium sulfate scale during water injection in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Valadbeygian Vahid , Hajipour Mastaneh , Behnood Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the major challenges during water injection into oil reservoirs is mineral scales formation. Barium sulfate is one of the hardest inorganic scales in oil fields and insoluble in chemical solvents. Therefore, in this study, the formation conditions of barium sulfate scale were investigated. The experiments were performed in two parts including static and dynamic compatibility tests and the impact of brines volume ratio, temperature, pH, and salinity of injection water were explored. In addition, the scale formation tendency was simulated and the results were compared with the measured data. The results of static experiments indicated that the maximum amount of barium sulfate scale equals 63 mg/l forms at 90% formation water. Comparing the results of static and dynamic compatibility tests revealed that the increase of pH value increases barium sulfate scale in dynamic tests while having no effect in static experiments. This finding confirms that a different scale formation mechanism prevails in the presence of reservoir rock. The experimental results also approve that the amount of barium sulfate scale decreases by reducing the salinity of injection water, so that by diluting injection water 5 times, the maximum amount of scale decreased 21% and 44% at ambient and reservoir temperatures, respectively. The findings of this study help for better determination of water properties to increase the efficiency of water injection operations, enhance oil production and simultaneously diminish formation damage. Concurrent assessment of static and dynamic tests leads to determining the dominant mechanisms of scale formation in the presence of reservoir rock which helps to select the appropriate remediation methods.
Analysis and modelling of thrust force in drilling of basalt and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP and CFRP) composites
Authors: Magyar Gergely , Geier Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrently, the use of sustainable products and technologies is growing; consequently, mineral-origin basalt fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites are becoming more popular in industries. Although BFRP parts require mechanical drilling operations for manufacturing holes for assembly, many challenges make the drilling process difficult. Considering that the cutting force is one of the main parameters characterising the drilling process, this study aims to analyse the influence of feed (mm/rev) and cutting speed (m/min) on the thrust force and model the thrust force in the drilling of BFRP composites through response surface methodology (RSM) and advanced statistical modelling methods. In order to determine main and interaction effects and to calculate the regression coefficients and model parameters, mechanical drilling experiments were performed, and the thrust force was recorded. The raw force data were processed using fast Fourier transformation-based low-pass filtering, and then the calculated thrust force parameters were evaluated relative to various feeds and cutting speeds. In addition, results were compared with those of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The results of the validation experiments show that both RSM and advanced statistical models accurately predict the thrust force in BFRPs of 96.74% and 95.01%, respectively. However, the advanced statistical model can describe not only the maximum values of the force but also its characteristics at a coefficient of determination of 0.68.
BuB: a builder-booster model for link prediction on knowledge graphs
Authors: Soltanshahi Mohammad Ali , Teimourpour Babak , Zare Hadi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLink prediction (LP) has many applications in various fields. Much research has been carried out on the LP field, and one of the most critical problems in LP models is handling one-to-many and many-to-many relationships. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research on discriminative fine-tuning (DFT). DFT means having different learning rates for every parts of the model. We introduce the BuB model, which has two parts: relationship Builder and Relationship Booster. Relationship Builder is responsible for building the relationship, and Relationship Booster is responsible for strengthening the relationship. By writing the ranking function in polar coordinates and using the nth root, our proposed method provides solutions for handling one-to-many and many-to-many relationships and increases the optimal solutions space. We try to increase the importance of the Builder part by controlling the learning rate using the DFT concept. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.
Investigation of mechanical properties of granular γ-alumina using experimental nano indentation and nano scratch tests
Authors: Jahanshahi Mojtaba , Mofidian Roozbeh , Hosseini Seyed Sharafodin , Miansari Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of ceramic granular γ-alumina, including resistance and stability, are examined using Nano indentation and Nano scratch tests. In so doing, surface morphology, kind of material used, topography, and roughness of the surface of the granular ceramic are evaluated using a scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. To achieve these objectives, the initial step involves the synthesis of granular γ-alumina ceramic nanoparticles with average diameters of 1.7 mm. Moreover, the elasticity modulus and hardness of granular γ-alumina are estimated using a Nanoindentation method under different loads. It is shown that the nanoparticles in this coarse material are about 17 nm on average. Besides, the results demonstrate that the modulus of elasticity and hardness do not follow a particular pattern when the load increases. In other words, the modulus of elasticity increases and then decreases but the hardness decreases and then increases within the load ranges of 200–400 μN. Overall, it is concluded that the modulus of elasticity and hardness of granular γ-alumina are obtained to be equal to 12.6 GPa and 0.433 GPa, respectively. The plasticity index of granular alumina is also examined, and the results show that it is highly plastic with a plasticity index of 0.83. Also, nano scratch tests are performed under two different forces to obtain the scratch resistance of granular γ-alumina. The results reveal that the scratch resistance which is a representative of the friction coefficient, surges from 0.72 to 0.9 by increasing the indenter force. In general, the results indicate that the method of creating the material leads to a doubling of its Young's modulus, which is a measure of its stiffness, and as a result, there is a notable improvement in its overall mechanical strength.
Estimation of particle size distributions in the atmosphere—analysis of Fe and Ca particles as the representative examples
Authors: Youn Hyunwoo , Miki Kenji , Iwata Ayumi , Okuda Tomoaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtmospheric aerosols, including primary aerosols emitted directly into the atmosphere and secondary aerosols generated in the atmosphere from various chemically complex particles, cause a variety of environmental problems such as climate change, photochemical smog formation, and a decrease in incoming solar radiation. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes of aerosol particles and their impact on human society. In particular, particle size is an important indicator of lung penetration depth, aerosol transport, and optical properties. Hence, we mathematically estimated the airborne particle size distributions of each chemical component by collecting aerosol samples from the atmosphere using two types of cyclone samplers, large and small cyclone samplers. This study’s findings also suggest that calculated changes in particle size distribution can reflect changes in particle sources. The higher resolution of the continuous functions will enable the detection of the subtle changes in particle size distributions of each chemical component, which is helpful to understand the temporal changes in the chemical properties of the airborne aerosol particles.
Access to Remedies and Reparations: From Brazilian Practice to International Binding Standards
Authors: Coelho Thales Cavalcanti 
Published: May 2023

Brazil is a large exporter of commodities that supply global value chains. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), in 2019 commodity exports entailed 8.4 per cent of Brazilian Gross Domestic Product.1 Although commodities exportation is important for the Brazilian economy, their production or extraction often causes human rights harms and environmental damages.
Groups of symplectic involutions on symplectic varieties of Kummer type and their fixed loci
Authors: Frei Sarah , Honigs Katrina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe describe the Galois action on the middle$\ell $-adic cohomology of smooth, projective fourfolds$K_A(v)$that occur as a fiber of the Albanese morphism on moduli spaces of sheaves on an abelian surfaceAwith Mukai vectorv. We show this action is determined by the action on$H^2_{\mathrm {\acute{e}t}}(A_{\bar {k}},{\mathbb Q}_{\ell }(1))$and on a subgroup$G_A(v) \leqslant (A\times \hat {A})[3]$, which depends onv. This generalizes the analysis carried out by Hassett and Tschinkel over${\mathbb C}$[21]. As a consequence, over number fields, we give a condition under which$K_2(A)$and$K_2(\hat {A})$are not derived equivalent.The points of$G_A(v)$correspond to involutions of$K_A(v)$. Over${\mathbb C}$, they are known to be symplectic and contained in the kernel of the map$\operatorname {\mathrm {Aut}}(K_A(v))\to \mathrm {O}(H^2(K_A(v),{\mathbb Z}))$. We describe this kernel for all varieties$K_A(v)$of dimension at least$4$.When$K_A(v)$is a fourfold over a field of characteristic 0, the fixed-point loci of the involutions contain K3 surfaces whose cycle classes span a large portion of the middle cohomology. We examine the fixed-point locus on fourfolds$K_A(0,l,s)$over${\mathbb C}$whereAis$(1,3)$-polarized, finding the K3 surface to be elliptically fibered under a Lagrangian fibration of$K_A(0,l,s)$.
What Have We Learned about Ethnonational Identities in Ukraine?
Authors: Kulyk Volodymyr 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmong various features of Ukrainian society that the world has started paying more attention to since the beginning of Russia’s full-blown invasion in February 2022, many commentators have pointed to a surprisingly strong and encompassing national identity. However, scholars of Ukrainian language and identity matters had for years demonstrated an increased civic attachment of Ukrainian citizens, including Russian speakers, and its greater salience compared with ethnic, linguistic, and regional identifications. This article seeks to highlight the main accomplishments and challenges of research on Ukrainian ethnic and national identity. It focuses on a gradual shift from the essentialist understanding of ethnicity as embodied in bounded groups to the interest in individuals’ contextually determined identifications by categories with a changing meaning. Another prominent part of the analysis is the relationship between Ukrainian ethnic and national identity and the amalgamation of these two apparently distinct phenomena into what I propose to call ethnonational identity.
Beyond the Ballot Box: Sexual Harassment and Legislative Accountability in Canadian Politics
Authors: Raney Tracey , McGregor R. Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the #MeToo movement, several countries have taken steps to address sexual harassment in politics (for example, the United States, United Kingdom and Canada). While researchers have evaluated the electability of candidates accused of sexual harassment, less is known about what the public thinks should happen when elected officials engage in this behaviour. Utilizing an innovative module from the 2019 Canadian Election Study, we assess the steps voters believe legislatures should take when an MP sexually harasses someone. Our results demonstrate that a vast majority of the public believes that MPs should face consequences when they commit sexual harassment, including potential removal from office. We also find that women are more likely than men to believe MPs should be punished when they are accused of sexual harassment. These findings have relevance for legislatures globally, revealing the importance of transparent, independent processes to address harassment and violence in the political sphere.
On one-dimensional local rings and Berger’s conjecture
Authors: Miranda-Neto Cleto B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet k be a field of characteristic zero and let $\Omega_{A/k}$ be the universally finite differential module of a k-algebra A, which is the local ring of a closed point of an algebraic or algebroid curve over k. A notorious open problem, known as Berger’s Conjecture, predicts that A must be regular if $\Omega_{A/k}$ is torsion-free. In this paper, assuming the hypotheses of the conjecture and observing that the module ${\rm Hom}_A(\Omega_{A/k}, \Omega_{A/k})$ is then isomorphic to an ideal of A, say $\mathfrak{h}$, we show that A is regular whenever the ring $A/a\mathfrak{h}$ is Gorenstein for some parameter a (and conversely). In addition, we provide various characterizations for the regularity of A in the context of the conjecture.
Lower Permian (Late Kungurian) conodonts from the Sibumasu Terrane, Malaysia: paleoecological, paleobiogeographical and tectonic implications
Authors: Metcalfe I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLate Kungurian (Lower Permian) conodonts are described from the Kanthan Limestone, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia and for the first time from the Sibumasu Terrane of the Malay Peninsula. The co-occurrence of Gullodus duani, Gullodus hemicircularis, Gullodus sicilianus, Mesogondolella lamberti and Mesogondolella siciliensis represent the Mesogondolella lamberti International Conodont Zone and the broadly equivalent Mesogondolella siciliensis Regional Conodont Zone. A small fault-bounded basal Pennsylvanian (basal Bashkirian) conodont fauna including Gnathodus girtyi simplex and Declinognathodus inaequalis is also reported. The late Kungurian conodonts from the Kanthan Limestone were deposited in a relatively deep-water environment on the northern passive margin of the Sibumasu Terrane of the eastern Cimmerian Continent located at c. 35oS latitude. Biogeographically, the fauna represents the southern peri-Gondwana Cool Water Province which is consistent with its palaeogeographic location. A new scheme, utilizing characteristics of P1 elements, including position of the 1st denticle, location of 2nd and 3rd denticles, platform shape, platform cross-section, denticle shape in cross-section, and lateral denticle development is proposed for distinguishing between species of the hindeodid genera Gullodus, Hindeodus and Isarcicella. The late Kungurian fauna from the Kanthan Limestone represents the southern peri-Gondwana Cool Water Province supporting palaeogeographic reconstructions placing the Sibumasu Terrane in moderate southern palaeolatitudes in the Kungurian.
Stratifying risk of malignancy in cystic lateral neck lumps: a multivariant analysis of demographic, radiological and histological investigation factors and the development of a patient-centred risk-predictive tool for malignancy
Authors: Evans Victoria , Prades Eduard , Passant Carl , Owens David , Harris Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of lateral cystic neck masses with no apparent upper aerodigestive tract primary tumour in adults is controversial. Imaging modalities and fine needle aspiration cytology often struggle to distinguish the presence of malignancy.MethodThis study entailed a multicentre retrospective review of all patients with isolated lateral cystic neck masses from 2012 to 2018 in three Welsh health boards, utilising demographic data and first-line investigations (ultrasound scanning and fine needle aspiration cytology) to develop an evidence-based predictive tool for risk of malignancy.ResultsIt was found that 29.1 per cent of cystic lesions were malignant on final histology. Age, male gender, non-benign ultrasound scan findings and fine needle aspiration cytology were significant risk factors on univariate analysis. The final multivariate analysis predicted a risk of malignancy ranging from 2.1 to 65.0 per cent depending on the covariate pattern. Smoking status was non-significant.ConclusionA rigorous, risk-stratified approach to the management of these patients should aid the clinician in minimising morbidity and optimising resources.
The dynamic relationship between sleep and psychotic experiences across the early stages of the psychosis continuum
Authors: van der Tuin S. , Booij S. H. , Oldehinkel A. J. , van den Berg D. , Wigman J. T. W. , Lång U. , Kelleher I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Psychotic disorders develop gradually along a continuum of severity. Understanding factors associated with psychosis development, such as sleep, could aid in identification of individuals at elevated risk. This study aimed to assess (1) the dynamic relationship between psychotic experiences (PEs) and sleep quality and quantity, and (2) whether this relationship differed between different clinical stages along the psychosis continuum.Methods:We used daily diary data (90 days) of individuals (N = 96) at early stages (i.e. before a first diagnosis of psychosis) along the psychosis continuum. Multilevel models were constructed with sleep quality and sleep quantity as predictors of PEs and vice versa. Post-hoc, we constructed a multilevel model with both sleep quality and quantity as predictors of PEs. In addition, we tested whether associations differed between clinical stages.Results:Within persons, poorer sleep predicted next day PEs (B = −0.02, p = 0.01), but not vice versa. Between persons, shorter sleep over the 90-day period predicted more PEs (B = −0.04, p = 0.002). Experiencing more PEs over 90-days predicted poorer (B = −0.02, p = 0.02) and shorter (B = −1.06, p = 0.008) sleep. We did not find any significant moderation effects for clinical stage.Conclusions:We found a bidirectional relationship between sleep and PEs with daily fluctuations in sleep predicting next day PEs and general patterns of more PEs predicting poorer and shorter sleep. Our results highlight the importance of assessing sleep as a risk marker in the early clinical stages for psychosis.