bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the long-period pulsar PSR J0901−4046
Authors: Gençali A A , Ertan Ü , Alpar M A 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The fallback disc model predicted that anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) will evolve to isolated long-period pulsars (LPPs) before the discovery of the first two LPPs this year. Unlike normal radio pulsars, LPPs show transient pulsed-radio epochs with unusual and variable pulse shapes, similar to the radio behaviour of the few radio emitting AXP/SGRs. We show that the present properties of the recently discovered second LPP, PSR J0901−4046 (P ≃ 76 s), are obtained as a result of evolution in interaction with a fallback disc, as we had already shown for the first discovered LPP, GLEAM-X J162759.5−523504.3 (P ≃ 1091 s). While there is only an upper limit to the period derivative, $\dot{P}$, of GLEAM-X J162759.5−523504.3, the $\dot{P}$ of the PSR J0901−4046 has already been measured, providing better constraints for the evolutionary models. The model can produce the source properties with a dipole moment μ ≃ 1030 G cm3. The results are not sensitive to the initial pulsar period. Our results indicate that PSR J0901−4046 went through an AXP/SGR epoch at an age of a few 104 yr, and is ∼(6–8) × 105 yr old at present.
Integrated response analysis of pediatric low-grade gliomas during and after targeted therapy treatment
Authors: Tsai Jessica W , Choi Jungwhan John , Ouaalam Hakim , Murillo Efrain Aguilar , Yeo Kee Kiat , Vogelzang Jayne , Sousa Cecilia , Woods Jared K , Ligon Keith L , Warfield Simon K , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Cooney Tabitha M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) are the most common central nervous system tumor in children, characterized by RAS/MAPK pathway driver alterations. Genomic advances have facilitated the use of molecular targeted therapies, however, their long-term impact on tumor behavior remains critically unanswered.MethodsWe performed an IRB-approved, retrospective chart and imaging review of pLGGs treated with off-label targeted therapy at Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s from 2010 to 2020. Response analysis was performed for BRAFV600E and BRAF fusion/duplication-driven pLGG subsets.ResultsFifty-five patients were identified (dabrafenib n = 15, everolimus n = 26, trametinib n = 11, and vemurafenib n = 3). Median duration of targeted therapy was 9.48 months (0.12–58.44). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year EFS from targeted therapy initiation were 62.1%, 38.2%, and 31.8%, respectively. Mean volumetric change for BRAFV600E mutated pLGG on BRAF inhibitors was −54.11%; median time to best volumetric response was 8.28 months with 9 of 12 (75%) objective RAPNO responses. Median time to largest volume post-treatment was 2.86 months (+13.49%); mean volume by the last follow-up was −14.02%. Mean volumetric change for BRAF fusion/duplication pLGG on trametinib was +7.34%; median time to best volumetric response was 6.71 months with 3 of 7 (43%) objective RAPNO responses. Median time to largest volume post-treatment was 2.38 months (+71.86%); mean volume by the last follow-up was +39.41%.ConclusionsOur integrated analysis suggests variability in response by pLGG molecular subgroup and targeted therapy, as well as the transience of some tumor growth following targeted therapy cessation.
Optimal public debt indexation in advanced economies
Authors: Gomez-Gonzalez Patricia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the cross-country heterogeneity in the share of advanced economies’ inflation-linked (IL) debt when governments, taking inflation as given, issue IL debt and nominal debt and aim to minimize tax distortions, debt investors are risk-neutral, and nominal debt carries a convenience premium. The optimal IL debt share increases in the level and the variance of inflation, decreases in the correlation between government spending and inflation, and, for a fixed level of debt, decreases in the nominal debt’s convenience premium. Data between 1995 and 2018 for 14 advanced economies that issue IL debt exhibit cross-country correlations in line with the model’s comparative statics about inflation. The model’s welfare analysis suggests that nominal debt’s convenience premium can explain the relatively low public debt indexation in most advanced economies.
Posterior urethral polyp in a male child: a rare case report
Authors: Razzok Ali , Muhamad Muhamad Sinan , Ismaeel Ali , Alyousef Khaled , Oukan Majdy 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Urethral polyps are one of the rare deformities of the urethra. In most cases, the urethral polyps would not be considered in the differential diagnosis process by a huge number of physicians, mainly owing to the rarity of documented cases in the medical literature and because of the wide variety of unspecified symptoms the urethral polyp might demonstrate. Urethral polyps are more common in males than in females, and they are usually diagnosed at an early age. Treatment options include transurethral resection, endoscopic suprapubic approach and open surgery. The disease prognosis is excellent as it does not usually recur after being completely removed and the risk of malignant transformation is very low. We are going to report a case of a 3-month-old boy who presented with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis, which revealed the presence of a large posterior urethral polyp.
Renal sarcoidosis associated with certolizumab pegol treatment for psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Hum Ryan M , Kanigicherla Durga A , Ho Pauline 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a case of certolizumab-associated renal sarcoidosis, the first reported case in a patient with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) that was effectively treated with corticosteroids. A 55-year-old Caucasian man with PsA diagnosed at age 47 and plaque psoriasis since his early twenties was on certolizumab pegol (CZP) for 7 months before presenting to the emergency department with seizures and renal failure. A renal biopsy confirmed renal sarcoidosis. His CZP therapy was stopped, and after several months taking prednisolone at a reducing regime, his renal function improved, and his PsA remained under control. When considering further treatment options for his PsA keeping in mind that other drugs, especially tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, have been reported to be associated with sarcoidosis, tofacitinib was considered to be a future treatment option acceptable to the patient, given current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines approving its use in PsA and the lack of reports of tofacitinib-associated sarcoidosis in the literature.
A rare presentation of esotropia in high myopia in a young adult: a case report
Authors: Gupta Namrata , Pradhan Kishore R , Chopra Geeta , Khadka Sajina 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Esotropia in myopia is an uncommon occurrence. Most common cause of esotropia in high myopic elderly is Heavy Eye Syndrome. An uncommon cause in young adults is Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia often associated with excessive indulgence in near work. A 21 year old male patient presented with diplopia for one year, more for distance than near and spent more than 8-10 hours for near tasks. Unaided visual acuity in BE was 2/60 and was 6/9 in RE and 6/6 in LE with correction. Prism base cover test revealed 25 BO PD for distance and 20 BO PD for near. Diplopia was seen in all position of gaze. Right Eye Lateral rectus resection 8 mm was done and HPE report revealed features of Lateral rectus Muscle atrophy. It is important to understand the pathogenesis of this entity and consider other possible causes of esotropia in myopia. Key words: Myopia, Esotropia, Comitant, Diplopia.
A case of Takayasu arteritis complicated with pulmonary infarction
Authors: Hirayama Takehiro , Morita Takayoshi , Funakoshi Kenji , Yoshimine Yuko , Minoda Saki , Murakami Teruaki , Okita Yasutaka , Narazaki Masashi , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a vasculitis that causes inflammation in the arterial walls of large blood vessels. The complication rate of pulmonary artery lesion in TAK has been reported to be relatively high. Severe pulmonary artery stenosis can cause pulmonary infarction in rare cases. A 48-year-old woman had experienced cough and fever persistently for 3 months and visited a city hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scans revealed TAK complicated with left pulmonary artery lesion. Contrast-enhanced CT couldn’t detect wall thickening in the left smaller bifurcated pulmonary artery branch, but PET-CT did reveal this inflammation. Several weeks after we initiated treatment with high-dose prednisolone, the patient’s symptoms and inflammatory findings disappeared. PET-CT may be useful for evaluating the inflammation of the pulmonary artery in TAK, and high-dose steroid monotherapy as induction therapy may be effective for TAK complicated with pulmonary artery lesions causing pulmonary infarction.
A case of percutaneous coronary intervention of the right coronary artery in a situs inversus patient with foreshortening of lesion revealed by intravenous ultrasound imaging technology
Authors: Kager Rebecca L , Vacek Thomas P 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Situs inversus totalis is a rare anomaly in which the internal organs are transposed oppositely as mirror images. Due to its rarity, interventionalists are less likely to be acquainted with angiography in this unique population. In the case of lesion ambiguity, different invasive diagnostic tools can be used to further evaluate lesion severity, including fractional flow reserve, instantaneous wave-free ratio and intravenous ultrasound (IVUS). In this case, we discuss the usefulness of IVUS as a beneficial tool in evaluation of angiographically ambiguous lesions due to foreshortening. Dextrocardia presents unique challenges to the interventional cardiologist secondary to difficulty in acquiring adequate views and unfamiliarity with mirroring of anatomy, and thus angiography can result in inaccurately assessed lesions. We demonstrate how IVUS can be used in evaluation of such lesions for more accurate evaluation, precision in stent placement and in turn better patient outcomes.
Gut microbiota alterations after switching from a protease inhibitor or efavirenz to raltegravir in a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Hanttu Anna M. , Pekkala Satu , Satokari Reetta , Hartikainen Anna K. , Arkkila Perttu , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Sutinen Jussi P. 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To study gut microbiota before and 24 weeks after a single antiretroviral agent switch.

Design:
HIV-positive patients with efavirenz (EFV) or a protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) were randomized to switch EFV or PI to raltegravir (RAL group, n = 19) or to continue unchanged ART (EFV/PI group, n = 22). Age and weight-matched HIV-negative participants (n = 10) were included for comparison.

Methods:
Microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were measured as gut permeability markers. Three-day food diaries were collected.

Results:
At week 24, microbiota diversity (Chao1 index) was higher in RAL than the EFV/PI group (P = 0.014), and RAL group did not differ from HIV-negative participants. In subgroup analysis switching from EFV (P = 0.043), but not from a PI to RAL increased Chao1. At week 24, RAL and EFV/PI group differed in the relative abundance of Prevotella 9 (higher in RAL, P = 0.01), Phascolarctobacterium and Bacteroides (lower in RAL, P = 0.01 and P = 0.03). Dietary intakes did not change during the study and do not explain microbiota differences. Also, I-FABP and LBP remained unchanged.

Conclusion:
Here we demonstrate that a single ART agent switch caused microbiota alterations, most importantly, an increase in diversity with EFV to RAL switch. Previously, we reported weight gain, yet reduced inflammation in this cohort. The observed microbiota differences between RAL and EFV/PI groups may be associated with reduced inflammation and/or increase in weight. Further studies are needed to evaluate inflammatory and metabolic capacity of microbiota with ART switches.
SGC-CLK-1 (CAF-170) a chemical probe for the Cdc2-Like kinases CLK1, CLK2, and CLK4
Authors: Tiek Deanna , Wells Carrow I. , Schröder Martin , Song Xiao , Alamillo-Ferrer Carla , Goenka Anshika , Iglesia Rebeca , Lu Minghui , Hu Bo , Kwarcinski Frank , Sintha Parvathi , de Silva Chandi , Hossain Mohammad Anwar , Picado Alfredo , Zuercher William , Zutshi Reena , Knapp Stefan , Riggins Rebecca B. , Cheng Shi-Yuan , Drewry David H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSmall molecule modulators are important tools to study both basic biology and the complex signaling of protein kinases. The cdc2-like kinases (CLK) are a family of four kinases that have garnered recent interest for their involvement in a diverse set of diseases such as neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, and many cancers. Targeted medicinal chemistry around a CLK inhibitor hit identified through screening of a kinase inhibitor set against a large panel of kinases allowed us to identify a potent and selective inhibitor of CLK1, 2 and 4. Here, we present the synthesis, selectivity, and potential binding site of this compound – SGC-CLK-1. We further show CLK2 has the highest binding affinity, and high CLK2 expression correlates with a lower IC50in a screen of multiple cancer cell lines. Finally, we show that SGC-CLK-1 not only reduces serine arginine rich (SR) protein phosphorylation, but also alters SR protein and CLK2 subcellular localization in a reversible way. Therefore, we anticipate that this compound will be a valuable tool for increasing our understanding of CLKs and their targets, SR proteins, at the level of phosphorylation and subcellular localization.
Wolbachiaendosymbionts manipulate GSC self-renewal and differentiation to reinforce host fertility
Authors: Russell Shelbi L , Castillo Jennie Ruelas , Sullivan William T 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe alphaproteobacteriumWolbachia pipientisinfects arthropod and nematode species worldwide, making it a key target for host biological control.Wolbachia-driven host reproductive manipulations, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), are credited for catapulting these intracellular bacteria to high frequencies in host populations. Positive, perhaps mutualistic, reproductive manipulations also increase infection frequencies, but are not well understood. Here, we identify molecular and cellular mechanisms by whichWolbachiainfluences the molecularly distinct processes of GSC self renewal and differentiation. We demonstrate thatwMel infection rescues the fertility of flies lacking the translational regulatormei-P26, and is sufficient to sustain infertile homozygousmei-P26-knockdown stocks indefinitely. Cytology revealed thatwMel mitigates the impact ofmei-P26loss through restoring proper pMad, Bam, Sxl, and Orb expression. In OreR files with wild-type fertility,wMel infection elevates lifetime egg hatch rates. Exploring these phenotypes through dual-RNAseq experiments revealed thatwMel infection rescues and offsets many gene expression changes induced bymei-P26loss at the mRNA level. Overall, we show thatwMel infection beneficially reinforces host fertility at mRNA, protein, and phenotypic levels, and these mechanisms may promote the emergence of mutualism and the breakdown of host reproductive manipulations.Graphical AbstractHighlights●The wMel strain ofWolbachiarestores fertility in females and males deficient for the essential translational regulatormeiotic-P26●Mei-P26’sgermline maintenance and oocyte cyst differentiation functions are genetically rescued by wMel infection●Perturbed pMad, Sxl, Bam, and Orb protein expression are mitigated by wMel infection●wMel infection elevates lifetime egg lay and hatch rates in OreR flies●Ovary transcriptomes reveal wMel infection restores or offsets changes in gene expression induced by the loss of functionalmei-P26Significance StatementWolbachiabacterial symbionts are being harnessed as biological control agents through the use of their costly manipulations to host fertility. Here, we reveal that thewMel strain can have a beneficial impact on fruit fly development in both mutant and wild-type flies. This phenotype is essential to the long-term use of these bacteria for host population control.
Ultra-long-acting refillable nanofluidic implant confers full protection against SHIV infection in non-human primates
Authors: Pons-Faudoa Fernanda P. , Trani Nicola Di , Capuani Simone , Campa-Carranza Jocelyn Nikita , Nehete Bharti , Sharma Suman , Shelton Kathryn A. , Bushman Lane R. , Abdelmawla Farah , Williams Martin , Roon Laura , Nerguizian David , Xuan Chua Corrine Ying , Ittmann Michael M. , Nichols Joan E. , Kimata Jason T. , Anderson Peter L. , Nehete Pramod N. , Arduino Roberto C. , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) on slowing the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic hinges on effective drugs and delivery platforms. Oral regimens have represented the pillar of HIV PrEP for years. However, variable adherence has spurred development of long-acting delivery systems, which also aim at increasing PrEP access, uptake and persistence. Here we present an ultra-long-acting and transcutaneously refillable subcutaneous nanofluidic implant for constant and sustained release of islatravir (ISL), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, for HIV PrEP. In rhesus macaques, the ISL-eluting implants (nISL) achieved constant plasma ISL levels (median 3.14 nM) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ISL-triphosphate levels (ISL-TP) (median 0.16 pmol/106cells) for over 20 months uninterrupted. These drug concentrations are above the established PrEP protection threshold. In two non-blinded, placebo-controlled studies with repeated low-dose rectal and vaginal SHIVSF162P3challenges in male and female rhesus macaques, respectively, nISL implants conferred 100% protection against infection (p=0.0005 and 0.0009, respectively between nISL and placebo control groups). The nISL implants were well tolerated with mild local tissue inflammation and no signs of systemic toxicity over the 20-month period. Overall, our refillable nISL implant is a promising ultra-long-acting delivery technology for HIV PrEP.One Sentence SummaryAn ultra-long-acting and subcutaneous refillable nanofluidic implant achieved preventive levels of islatravir in non-human primates for 20 months without refilling and conferred 100% protection against rectal and vaginal SHIV transmission.
To make a short story long: simultaneous short and long RNA profiling on Nanopore devices
Authors: MacKenzie Morgan , Tigert Susan , Lovato Debbie , Mir Hamza , Zahedi Kamyar , Barone Sharon L. , Brooks Marybeth , Soleimani Manoocher , Argyropoulos Christos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSequencing of long coding RNAs informs about the abundance and the novelty in the transcriptome, while sequencing of short coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) or long non-coding RNAs informs about the epigenetic regulation of the transcriptome. Currently, each of these goals is addressed by separate sequencing experiments given the different physical characteristics of RNA species from biological samples. Sequencing of both short and long RNAs from the same experimental run has not been reported for long-read Nanopore sequencing to date and only recently has been achieved for short-read (Illumina) methods. We propose a library preparation method capable of simultaneously profiling short and long RNA reads in the same library on the Nanopore platform and provide the relevant bioinformatics workflows to support the goals of RNA quantification. Using a variety of synthetic samples we demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously detect short and long RNAs in a manner that is linear over 5 orders of magnitude for RNA abundance and three orders of magnitude for RNA length. In biological samples the proposed method is capable of profiling a wider variety of short and long non-coding RNAs when compared against the existing Smart-seq protocols for Illumina and Nanopore sequencing.
Quantifying the Fitness Benefit of Learning in Changing Environments
Authors: Arehart Emerson , Adler Frederick R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe costs and benefits of learning for a foraging organism are difficult to quantify, and depend sensitively on the environment. We construct a minimal mathematical model of learning in which a forager learns the quality of different food types through experience. In our model, learning depends on two parameters: rate of memory updating and rate of exploration. Our method returns optimal learning parameters for environments in which the value and variance of food types may change in any fashion. We analyze the effect of five components of environmental change on the optimal memory and exploration parameters. The fitness outcomes from learning foragers are compared to the outcomes from following fixed strategies, explicitly quantifying the fitness benefit (or cost) of learning as a function of environmental change. We find that variance in resource values negatively biases foragers’ estimates for those values, potentially explaining experimental results showing that animals prefer less variable resources. Learning is beneficial only if memory and exploration are optimized. The benefit of learning is largely determined by the ratio between the overall expected value of taking one resource compared to the overall expected value of taking the other: As these two expectations diverge, the fitness benefit of learning decreases, and can even become negative. In many environments, sub-optimal learning performs as bad or even worse than following a fixed strategy.SignificanceLearning is commonly observed in foraging organisms. However, measuring the fitness benefits (and costs) of learning is difficult, and depends critically on the environment in which an organism lives. We build a minimal model of learning in the context of optimal foraging and optimal diet choice theory, with two learning parameters:α, corresponding to the duration of the forager’s memory, andϵ, corresponding to how much the forager explores the environment to learn more about it. We identify the optimalα,ϵfor different types of environmental change, and quantify the benefits and costs of learning. The benefit of learning is often surprisingly small, and in many environments, learning provides lower fitness than following a fixed strategy.