bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do social cues in instructional videos affect attention allocation, perceived cognitive load, and learning outcomes under different visual complexity conditions?
Authors: Meier Julius , de Jong Bastian , van Montfort Dorien Preusterink , Verdonschot Anouk , van Wermeskerken Margot , van Gog Tamara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are only few guidelines on how instructional videos should be designed to optimize learning. Recently, the effects of social cues on attention allocation and learning in instructional videos have been investigated. Due to inconsistent results, it has been suggested that the visual complexity of a video influences the effect of social cues on learning.ObjectivesTherefore, this study compared the effects of social cues (i.e., gaze & gesture) in low and high visual complexity videos on attention, perceived cognitive load, and learning outcomes.MethodsParticipants (N = 71) were allocated to a social cue or no social cue condition and watched both a low and a high visual complexity video. After each video, participants completed a knowledge test.Results and ConclusionsResults showed that participants looked faster at referenced information and had higher learning outcomes in the low visual complexity condition. Social cues did not affect any of the dependent variables, except when including prior knowledge in the analysis: In this exploratory analysis, the inclusion of gaze and gesture cues in the videos did lead to better learning outcomes.TakeawaysOur results show that the visual complexity of instructional videos and prior knowledge are important to take into account in future research on attention and learning from instructional videos.
Effects of daily thermal fluctuations on the Atlantic silverside, a fish with temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Hancock Grace M. , Sancho Gorka , Munch Stephan B. , Salinas Santiago 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTemperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) occurs when the temperature during development affects gonad determination. Historically, most work on TSD in fishes was conducted under constant temperatures, yet daily fluctuating temperatures can significantly alter fish physiology and life history. Thus, we subjected the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia (a TSD species), to 28, 28 ± 2 and 28 ± 4°C (a high, masculinizing temperature) and quantified sex ratios and length. We found that the percentage of females increased by 60%–70% when the fish were exposed to daily fluctuating temperatures (from 10% to 16% and 17% under fluctuations).
Age, growth and maturity of the yellow stingray (Urobatis jamaicensis), a biannually reproductive tropical batoid
Authors: Schieber Jessica J. , Fahy Daniel P. , Carlson John K. , Kerstetter David W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrobatis jamaicensis is a coastal batoid species affected by habitat loss and small‐scale exploitation from fisheries and the aquarium trade, yet the life‐history information available is limited. This is the first study to assess the vertebral centra from 195 stingrays to estimate age and growth patterns, and compare them with the biannual reproductive pattern previously reported for this species. Age‐at‐size data were compared using five different growth models and found a two‐parameter von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), the Gompertz model and a modified VBGF fit best for males, females and sexes combined, respectively. Maturity was achieved before 1 year. However, growth did not cease with the onset of maturity, but instead slowed down. Results from marginal increment analysis and edge analysis indicated a nonannual somatic growth pattern with influences from the biannual reproduction cycle where peaks in resource allocation may be focused on ovulation rather than growth during March when larger brood sizes are present, while resources may be allocated more towards growth during August and September when brood sizes are generally smaller. These results may be used as a proxy for species with similar reproductive patterns or for those that lack annual or seasonal growth patterns.
The role of starter diets in the development of skeletal abnormalities in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Antinero Ariel , Printzi Alice , Kourkouta Chara , Fragkoulis Stefanos , Mazurais David , Zambonino‐Infante Jose Luis , Koumoundouros George 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFish skeletal development has long been correlated with nutritional factors. Lack of zebrafish nutritional standardization, especially during the early stages, decreases the reproducibility of the conducted research. The present study represents an evaluation of four commercial (A, D, zebrafish specific; B, generic for freshwater larvae; C, specific for marine fish larvae) and one experimental (Ctrl) early diets on zebrafish skeletal development. Skeletal abnormalities rates in the different experimental groups were assessed at the end of the larval period (20 days post‐fertilization, dpf) and after a swimming challenge test (SCT, 20–24 dpf). At 20 dpf, results revealed a significant effect of diet on the rate of caudal‐peduncle scoliosis and gill‐cover abnormalities, which were relatively elevated in B and C groups. SCT results focused on swimming‐induced lordosis, which was comparatively elevated in diets C and D (83% ± 7% and 75% ± 10%, respectively, vs. 52% ± 18% in diet A). No significant effects of dry diets were observed on the survival and growth rate of zebrafish. Results are discussed with respect to the deferential diet composition between the groups and the species requirements. A potential nutritional control of haemal lordosis in finfish aquaculture is suggested.
Disparities in 30‐day readmission rates among Medicare enrollees with dementia
Authors: Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Zuelsdorff Megan , Block Laura , Golden Blair , Kaiksow Farah , Sheehy Ann M. , Bartels Christie M. , Kind Amy J. H. , Powell W. Ryan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundReadmissions contribute to excessive care costs and burden for people living with dementia. Assessments of racial disparities in readmissions among dementia populations are lacking, and the role of social and geographic risk factors such as individual‐level exposure to greater neighborhood disadvantage is poorly understood. We examined the association between race and 30‐day readmissions in a nationally representative sample of Black and non‐Hispanic White individuals with dementia diagnoses.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used 100% Medicare fee‐for‐service claims from all 2014 hospitalizations nationwide among Medicare enrollees with dementia diagnosis linked to patient, stay, and hospital factors. The sample consisted of 1,523,142 hospital stays among 945,481 beneficiaries. The relationship between all cause 30‐day readmissions and the explanatory variable of self‐reported race (Black, non‐Hispanic White) was examined via generalized estimating equations approach adjusting for patient, stay, and hospital‐level characteristics to model 30‐day readmission odds.ResultsBlack Medicare beneficiaries had 37% higher readmission odds compared to White beneficiaries (unadjusted OR 1.37, CI 1.35–1.39). This heightened readmission risk persisted after adjusting for geographic factors (OR 1.33, CI 1.31–1.34), social factors (OR 1.25, CI 1.23–1.27), hospital characteristics (OR 1.24, CI 1.23–1.26), stay‐level factors (OR 1.22, CI 1.21–1.24), demographics (OR 1.21, CI 1.19–1.23), and comorbidities (OR 1.16, CI 1.14–1.17), suggesting racially‐patterned disparities in care account for a portion of observed differences. Associations varied by individual‐level exposure to neighborhood disadvantage such that the protective effect of living in a less disadvantaged neighborhood was associated with reduced readmissions for White but not Black beneficiaries. Conversely, among White beneficiaries, exposure to the most disadvantaged neighborhoods associated with greater readmission rates compared to White beneficiaries residing in less disadvantaged contexts.ConclusionsThere are significant racial and geographic disparities in 30‐day readmission rates among Medicare beneficiaries with dementia diagnoses. Findings suggest distinct mechanisms underlying observed disparities differentially influence various subpopulations.
Shade match comparison of CAD–CAM single crowns to a lithium disilicate crown
Authors: Li Rui , Lin Yu‐Chun , Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the shade match ability of four varieties of all‐ceramic crowns to a neighboring bilayered lithium disilicate crown.Material and methodsA dentiform was used to fabricate a bilayered lithium disilicate crown on the maxillary right central incisor, following the anatomy and shade of a selected natural tooth. Two crowns (one full‐contour, one cutback) were then designed on a prepared maxillary left central incisor, following the contour of the neighboring crown. The designed crowns were used to manufacture monolithic lithium disilicate, bilayered lithium disilicate, bilayered zirconia, and monolithic zirconia crowns, 10 each. An intraoral scanner and a spectrophotometer were used to assess the frequency of matched shades and to calculate the color difference (ΔE) between the two central incisors at the incisal, middle, and cervical thirds. Kruskal–Wallis and two‐way ANOVA were used to compare the frequency of matched shades and ΔE values, respectively (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in frequencies of matched shades for each group at the three sites; except bilayered lithium disilicate crowns. Bilayered lithium disilicate crowns had significantly (p < 0.05) higher match frequency than monolithic zirconia at the middle third. The ΔE value was not significantly (p > 0.05) different among the groups at the cervical third. However, monolithic zirconia had significantly (p < 0.05) higher ΔE values than bilayered lithium disilicate and zirconia at the incisal and middle thirds.ConclusionsBilayered lithium disilicate and zirconia appeared to most closely match the shade of an existing bilayered lithium disilicate crown.
Improving efficiency of methods for hatchery production of the limpet Patella candei (Patellogastropoda: Patellidae)
Authors: Castejón Diego , García Loreto , Nogueira Natacha , Andrade Carlos A. P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatella candei d'Orbigny, 1840 is a valuable resource from the European Macaronesia. Limpet aquaculture is a recent research field that could contribute to reducing anthropogenic impact and developing appropriate restocking technologies. This study presents the results of 14 assays performed under laboratory culture conditions aimed at: (1) improving the larval production methodologies for limpets through the optimization of the artificial maturation of the oocytes and the sperm density required for fertilization and incubation, (2) validating a larviculture protocol for P. candei, and (3) evaluating rearing density effect on larvae performance until the pediveliger stage. Results obtained in the present study indicate that NH4OH is more efficient than KOH and NaOH to enhance the artificial maturation of the oocytes. The optimal combination was NH4OH at pH 9.0 for a duration of 20–30 min. The optimal sperm density was approximately 105 sperm cells mL−1 as in other limpet species. The larviculture method described hereby demonstrated to be efficient to obtain viable pediveligers, that is, the larval survival was high, and the artificial maturation did not influence negatively the posterior larval development. The rearing density, within a range from 2.5 to 30 larvae mL−1, showed minimal influence on survival and development.
Seeing plants as never before
Authors: Borisjuk Ljudmilla , Horn Patrick , Chapman Kent , Jakob Peter M. , Gündel Andre , Rolletschek Hardy 
Published: March 2023

SummaryImaging has long supported our ability to understand the inner life of plants, their development, and response to a dynamic environment. While optical microscopy remains the core tool for imaging, a suite of novel technologies is now beginning to make a significant contribution to visualize plant metabolism. The purpose of this review was to provide the scientific community with an overview of current imaging methods, which rely variously on either nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) or infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and to present some examples of their application in order to illustrate their utility. In addition to providing a description of the basic principles underlying these technologies, the review discusses their various advantages and limitations, reveals the current state of the art, and suggests their potential application to experimental practice. Finally, a view is presented as to how the technologies will likely develop, how these developments may encourage the formulation of novel experimental strategies, and how the enormous potential of these technologies can contribute to progress in plant science.
Myopia control in Mendelian forms of myopia
Authors: van der Sande Emilie , Polling Jan Roelof , Tideman J. Willem L. , Meester‐Smoor Magda A. , Thiadens Alberta A. H. J. , Tan Emily , De Zeeuw Chris I. , Hamelink Ralph , Willuhn Ingo , Verhoeven Virginie J. M. , Winkelman Beerend H. J. , Klaver Caroline C. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo study the effectiveness of high‐dose atropine for reducing eye growth in Mendelian myopia in children and mice.MethodsWe studied the effect of high‐dose atropine in children with progressive myopia with and without a monogenetic cause. Children were matched for age and axial length (AL) in their first year of treatment. We considered annual AL progression rate as the outcome and compared rates with percentile charts of an untreated general population.We treated C57BL/6J mice featuring the myopic phenotype of Donnai–Barrow syndrome by selective inactivation of Lrp2 knock out (KO) and control mice (CTRL) daily with 1% atropine in the left eye and saline in the right eye, from postnatal days 30–56. Ocular biometry was measured using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal dopamine (DA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsChildren with a Mendelian form of myopia had average baseline spherical equivalent (SE) –7.6 ± 2.5D and AL 25.8 ± 0.3 mm; children with non‐Mendelian myopia had average SE −7.3 ± 2.9 D and AL 25.6 ± 0.9 mm. During atropine treatment, the annual AL progression rate was 0.37 ± 0.08 and 0.39 ± 0.05 mm in the Mendelian myopes and non‐Mendelian myopes, respectively. Compared with progression rates of untreated general population (0.47 mm/year), atropine reduced AL progression with 27% in Mendelian myopes and 23% in non‐Mendelian myopes.Atropine significantly reduced AL growth in both KO and CTRL mice (male, KO: −40 ± 15; CTRL: −42 ± 10; female, KO: −53 ± 15; CTRL: −62 ± 3 μm). The DA and DOPAC levels 2 and 24 h after atropine treatment were slightly, albeit non‐significantly, elevated.ConclusionsHigh‐dose atropine had the same effect on AL in high myopic children with and without a known monogenetic cause. In mice featuring a severe form of Mendelian myopia, atropine reduced AL progression. This suggests that atropine can reduce myopia progression even in the presence of a strong monogenic driver.
Participant perspectives on the impact of receiving medically tailored meals on post‐hospitalization
Authors: Kelly Cheryl , Gleason Kathy , Drace Melanie , Steiner John F. , Schwartz Pam , Robinson Rachael , Boxer Rebecca S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this program evaluation was to measure the impact of a medically tailored meals (MTM) intervention on participants’ self‐reported recovery and satisfaction while recovering from a recent hospitalization.DesignA qualitative design was employed using a brief survey among all participants at the end of the intervention and phone interviews with a subset of participants.SampleParticipants in this study were recently discharged from the hospital and were members of (redacted for review) who had received 2–4 weeks of MTM.MeasurementsThe survey assessed overall satisfaction with the meals and perceived impact on their recovery after hospitalization (81% response rate). Interview questions asked how they felt the meals may have helped while recovering (e.g., helped them financially or with their ability to remain independent).ResultsAmong survey participants, 65% were extremely or very satisfied with their meals. Reasons that MTM were helpful while they were recovering included having sufficient food to eat, having healthy food to eat, the convenience of the meals, and ease of preparing the meals.ConclusionsParticipants receiving MTM were generally very satisfied with the program. Including nutrition education and more flexibility in quantity and frequency of food may improve satisfaction and consumption of food.
A hospital‐based oral health education program impacts in pediatric cancer patients—A pilot study
Authors: Sampaio Maria Eduarda Alves , Bezerra Paula Maria Maracajá , Santos Fabio Gomes dos , Ribeiro Isabella Lima Arrais , Sousa Simone Alves de , Santiago Bianca Marques , Valença Ana Maria Gondim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of an oral health education and preventive program (OHEPP) for pediatric cancer patients.MethodsThis was a single‐arm study with 27 children and adolescents undergoing antineoplastic treatments. Patients were followed up for 10 weeks, and their oral health conditions were evaluated using the Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Visible Plaque Index (VPI), and the modified Oral Assessment Guide (OAG). Audiovisual resources, storytelling, and ludic instruments were used to provide oral health education to patients and parents/caregivers.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 9.41 (±4.49) years, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most prevalent diagnosis (22.2%). Mean MGI and VPI values were 0.82 (±0.59) and 54.11% (±19.92%) at baseline and 0.33 (±0.29) and 19.83% (± 11.47%) after 10 weeks, respectively (p < .05). The mean OAG score was 9.51 (±2.54) and 36 cases (19.8%) of severe oral mucositis (SOM) were documented. Patients with higher MGI were more likely to develop SOM.ConclusionThe OHEPP had a positive impact on pediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy by improving their periodontal health, reducing biofilm accumulation, and preventing the development of OM lesions.
A new reproducing kernel‐based nonlinear dimension reduction method for survival data
Authors: Cui Wenquan , Xu Jianjun , Wu Yuehua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on the theories of sliced inverse regression (SIR) and reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), a new approach RDSIR (RKHS‐based Double SIR) to nonlinear dimension reduction for survival data is proposed. An isometric isomorphism is constructed based on the RKHS property, then the nonlinear function in the RKHS can be represented by the inner product of two elements that reside in the isomorphic feature space. Due to the censorship of survival data, double slicing is used to estimate the weight function to adjust for the censoring bias. The nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) subspace is estimated by a generalized eigen‐decomposition problem. The asymptotic property of the estimator is established based on the perturbation theory. Finally, the performance of RDSIR is illustrated on simulated and real data. The numerical results show that RDSIR is comparable with the linear SDR method. Most importantly, RDSIR can also effectively extract nonlinearity from survival data.
Direct and indirect impact of low energy availability on sports performance
Authors: Melin Anna K. , Areta José L. , Heikura Ida A. , Stellingwerff Trent , Torstveit Monica Klungland , Hackney Anthony C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow energy availability (LEA) occurs inadvertently and purposefully in many athletes across numerous sports; and well planned, supervised periods with moderate LEA can improve body composition and power to weight ratio possibly enhancing performance in some sports. LEA however has the potential to have negative effects on a multitude of physiological and psychological systems in female and male athletes. Systems such as the endocrine, cardiovascular, metabolism, reproductive, immune, mental perception, and motivation as well as behaviors can all be impacted by severe (serious and/or prolonged or chronic) LEA. Such widely diverse effects can influence the health status, training adaptation, and performance outcomes of athletes leading to both direct changes (e.g., decreased strength and endurance) as well as indirect changes (e.g., reduced training response, increased risk of injury) in performance. To date, performance implications have not been well examined relative to LEA. Therefore, the intent of this narrative review is to characterize the effects of short‐, medium‐, and long‐term exposure to LEA on direct and indirect sports performance outcomes. In doing so we have focused both on laboratory settings as well as descriptive athletic case‐study‐type experiential evidence.
Peer assessment of professionalism attributes
Authors: Vivekananda‐Schmidt Pirashanthie , Oldale Fran , Russell Jean , Sandars John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeer assessment can support the development of professionalism by providing feedback that enables learners to reflect on their professional behavioural attributes.ApproachWe developed and implemented an innovative online peer assessment and feedback tool. Students were encouraged to nominate 12 peer assessors to anonymously conduct their assessment. Assessors were presented with a list of 32 adjectives that described professional behavioural attributes within four domains (integrity, conscientiousness, agreeableness and resilience) and asked to rate the student by selecting a minimum of two adjectives in each domain and to provide free‐text comments. The feedback was presented as a collated word cloud and free‐text comments. All students had the opportunity to discuss their profiles with a staff member.EvaluationOur mixed‐methods evaluation found that all students participated, and they valued the peer assessment and feedback process. Although the assessment was formative and confidential, students were reluctant to provide negative comments about their peers. ‘Disengaged’, ‘aloof’ and ‘argumentative’ were the most likely negative adjectives that indicated students with low‐level professionalism concerns.ImplicationsFuture development will focus on introducing students who can act as peer champions for the process and repeating the peer assessment over time to identify the change in professionalism development.
Financializing Through Crisis? Student Housing and Studentification During the Covid‐19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Revington Nick , Benhocine Celia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe emergence of purpose‐built student accommodation (PBSA) as a ‘global’ asset class has physically and socially transformed university cities through ‘new‐build studentification’ implicated in the financialization of urban space. Yet, the COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the risk inherent in this asset's reliance on a narrow submarket, as students' domestic and international mobilities were temporarily disrupted. We interrogate PBSA providers' response to the pandemic through the analysis of real estate consultancy reports, firms' annual reports and other investor‐facing documents, in Africa, Australia, Europe and North America, demonstrating how the financialization of this niche sector is sustained through crisis. Tactics include building goodwill to expand market share, temporarily reorienting towards domestic students and operational strategies to cut costs and increase revenues. Despite the sector's optimism, these approaches amplify existing trends of finance‐driven new‐build studentification in university cities, characterized by uneven development, the privatization of student housing and deepening class and age segregation.