bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Vascular Disease Impairment Assessment: An Overview of the AMA Guides Sixth Edition Approach
Authors: Brigham Christopher R. , Demeter Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) may result from arterial, venous, or lymphatic disorders. Section 4.8 of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), titled Vascular Diseases Affecting the Extremities (6th ed, 68-71), defines the impairment assessment process and provides separate tables for the lower extremities and upper extremities. Objective test results are the key factor, with grade modification based on reliable history and physical examination findings. This article provides an overview of the clinical assessment of PVD.
Closed‐Loop Soft Robot Control Frameworks with Coordinated Policies Based on Reinforcement Learning and Proprioceptive Self‐Sensing
Authors: Ju Hunpyo , Cha Baekdong , Rus Daniela , Lee Jongho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent advances in soft robots have been achieved by using compliant materials and exploiting the advantages of the soft structural designs of living organisms. Living organisms (which have theoretically infinite degrees of freedom) are not only mechanically soft but are also capable of smooth harmonic motions, thanks to global coordination and the individual sensing and control of local tissues. Despite improvements in structural designs, few soft robot control frameworks for global object‐oriented behaviors are reported. Such a framework will require the use of multiple segments, with local sensing and independent control using coordinated policies. Here, a class of reinforcement learning based control frameworks for soft robots (with high degrees of freedom) is presented, and their ability to conduct global tasks is demonstrated. Coordinated control policies are formulated to control multiple segments with independently controllable embedded actuators, based on localized proprioceptive self‐sensing capabilities. The control frameworks are employed to develop soft physical robots. Demonstrations and experiments include the forward and backward locomotion of multichannel soft robotic flatworms. This approach is applicable to multifunctional, high degrees of freedom soft robots, as demonstrated by experiments with light‐sensitive locomotion.
Physical Reservoir Computing Based on Nanoscale Materials and Devices
Authors: Qi Zhiying , Mi Linjie , Qian Haoran , Zheng Weiguo , Guo Yao , Chai Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBioinspired computation systems can achieve artificial intelligence, bypassing fundamental bottlenecks and cost constraints. Computational frameworks suited for temporal/sequential data processing such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) suffer from problems of high complexity and low efficiency. Physical systems assembled with nanoscale materials and devices represent as an alternative route to serve as the core component for physically implanted reservoir computing. In this review, an overview of the development of the paradigm of physical reservoir computing (PRC) is provided and the typical physical reservoirs constructed with nanomaterials and nanodevices are described. The physical reservoirs based on multiple nanomaterials overcome the problems of RNN, show strong robustness, and effectively deal with tasks with improved reliability and availability. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of nanomaterial and nanodevice‐based PRC as a component of next‐generation machine learning systems are discussed.
Largely Promoted Mechano‐Electrochemical Coupling Properties of Solid Polymer Electrolytes by Introducing Hydrogen Bonds‐Rich Network
Authors: Ye Yuning , Zhu Xiaogang , Meng Nan , Lian Fang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSolid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and their composites are the most promising spices to access the commercial application in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, where definite requirements for SPEs should be satisfied including moderate mechanical strength, high Li‐ion conductivity, and stable electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, polyurethane‐based polymer (PNPU) is designed to further construct the hybrid solid polymer electrolyte (named as PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP) with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) for high energy density solid‐state lithium metal batteries. The theoretical calculation and characterization demonstrate that PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs still maintain the multiple hydrogen bonding modes of PNPU, which contributes a significantly improved mechanical properties of the polymer membrane with compact structure. Moreover, it is corroborated that PNPU is involved to form the double Li+ transport paths in the hybrid electrolyte, accelerating the migration of lithium ions. Therefore, PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs are achieved with suitable tensile strength of 5.16 MPa and high elongation of 140.8%, high ambient ionic conductivity of 4.13 × 10−4 S cm−1, excellent ductile, and stability on the interface of lithium metal anode. The Li/ LiFePO4 and Li/Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 solid‐state batteries using PNPU‐PVDF‐HFP SPEs present a stable cycling performance at 30 °C. This study provides a feasible strategy to achieve mechano‐electrochemical coupling stable SPEs for solid‐state batteries.
3D‐Printed Osteoinductive Polymeric Scaffolds with Optimized Architecture to Repair a Sheep Metatarsal Critical‐Size Bone Defect
Authors: Garot Charlotte , Schoffit Sarah , Monfoulet Cécile , Machillot Paul , Deroy Claire , Roques Samantha , Vial Julie , Vollaire Julien , Renard Martine , Ghanem Hasan , El‐Hafci Hanane , Decambron Adeline , Josserand Véronique , Bordenave Laurence , Bettega Georges , Durand Marlène , Manassero Mathieu , Viateau Véronique , Logeart‐Avramoglou Delphine , Picart Catherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe reconstruction of critical‐size bone defects in long bones remains a challenge for clinicians. A new osteoinductive medical device is developed here for long bone repair by combining a 3D‐printed architectured cylindrical scaffold made of clinical‐grade polylactic acid (PLA) with a polyelectrolyte film coating delivering the osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). This film‐coated scaffold is used to repair a sheep metatarsal 25‐mm long critical‐size bone defect. In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the film‐coated PLA material is proved according to ISO standards. Scaffold geometry is found to influence BMP‐2 incorporation. Bone regeneration is followed using X‐ray scans, µCT scans, and histology. It is shown that scaffold internal geometry, notably pore shape, influenced bone regeneration, which is homogenous longitudinally. Scaffolds with cubic pores of ≈870 µm and a low BMP‐2 dose of ≈120 µg cm−3 induce the best bone regeneration without any adverse effects. The visual score given by clinicians during animal follow‐up is found to be an easy way to predict bone regeneration. This work opens perspectives for a clinical application in personalized bone regeneration.
Azacyclic Anchor‐Enabled Cohesive Graphite Electrodes for Sustainable Anion Storage
Authors: Kang Jieun , Lee Seungho , Hwang Jinwoo , Kim Sungho , Lee Sangyeop , Yoo Seokkeun , Han Jeong Woo , Ryu Ja‐Hyoung , Ryu Jaegeon , Park Soojin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvanced energy‐storage devices are indispensable for expanding electric mobility applications. While anion intercalation‐type redox chemistry in graphite cathodes has opened the path to high‐energy‐density batteries, surpassing the limited energy density of conventional lithium‐ion batteries , a significant challenge remains: the large volume expansion of graphite upon anion intercalation. In this study, a novel polymeric binder and cohesive graphite cathode design for dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) is presented, which exhibits remarkable stability even under high voltage conditions (>5 V). The innovative binder incorporates an acrylate moiety ensuring superior oxidative stability and self‐healing features, along with an azide moiety, which allows for azacyclic covalent bonding with graphite and interchain crosslinking. A simple 1‐h ultraviolet treatment is sufficient for binder fixation within the electrode, leading to the covalent bond formation with graphite and the creation of a robust three‐dimensional network. This modification facilitates deeper and more reversible anion intercalation, leading to improved capacity, extended lifespan, and sustainable anion storage. The binder design, exhibiting exceptional adhesive properties and effective stress mitigation, enables the construction of ultrathick graphite cathodes. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of advanced binders, paving the way for high‐performance DIBs.
Tuning Coordination Structures of Zn Sites Through Symmetry‐Breaking Accelerates Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Fan Wenjun , Li Yinghao , Sui Nicole L. D. , Zhu Zhouhao , Zhou Yingtang , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManipulating the coordination environment of individual active sites in a precise manner remains an important challenge in electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, inspired by theoretical predictions, a facile procedure to synthesize a series of symmetry‐breaking zinc metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF) catalysts with well‐defined structures is presented. Benefiting from the optimized coordination microenvironment regulated by symmetry‐breaking, Zn‐N2S2‐MOF exhibits the best performance of nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (NRR) with NH3 yield rate of 25.07 ± 1.57 µg h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 44.57 ± 2.79% compared with reported Zn‐based NRR catalysts. X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure shows that the symmetry‐breaking distorts the coordination environment and modulates the delocalized electrons around the Zn sites, which favors the formation of unpaired low‐valence Znδ+, thereby facilitating the adsorption/activation of N2. Theoretical calculations elucidate that low‐valence Znδ+ in Zn‐N2S2‐MOF can effectively lower the energy barrier of potential determining step, promoting the kinetics and boosting the NRR activity. This work highlights the relationship between the precise coordination environment of metal sites and the catalytic activity, which offers insightful guidance for rationally designing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
A Flexible Broadband Visible Light Plasmon‐Absorber Based on a 2D Monolayer of Au‐Nanoparticle/TiO2‐Nanowire Core–Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Ko Wen‐Yin , Yeh Shin‐Chwen , Hsu Yun‐Chen , Chu Hsiao‐Wen , Lin Kuan‐Jiuh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlasmon‐induced hot carrier transfer is a promising approach for photoelectric applications, but its practical application is often hindered by its relatively narrow absorption bandwidth and low light harvesting at visible wavelengths. This work reports a broadband visible light plasmon‐absorber based on a dandelion‐like hierarchical metal‐semiconductor Au‐TiO2 core–shell nanostructure where each Au nanoparticle (AuNP) core is covered by an optically transparent mesh‐shell composed of TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) (denoted as AuTNW‐dCS). These AuTNW‐dCSs are assembled to form a 2D arrayed plasmonic monolayer by connecting adjacent AuNPs with cross‐linked TiO2 NWs, which can induce a remarkable broadband absorption in the visible spectrum of 500–700 nm. Driven by a wide light adsorption range, improved hot‐electron carriers, and excellent analyst's immobilization capability, the AuTNW‐dCS based photoelectric immunosensor owns excellent performance for alpha‐fetoprotein detection in human serum, with a practical linear range of 0.1–1000 ng mL−1, a low detection limit of 0.1 ng mL−1, and satisfying selectivity under visible light‐emitting diode light irradiation. This work enlightens the prospective research on the use of metal/semiconductor core–shell heterostructures as photoactive materials for sensing applications. Additionally, it gives an impetus for developing flexible nanofilms based on plasmonic metal/semiconductor nanohybrids, beneficial for building wearable point‐of‐need platform.
Designing Next‐Generation Molecular Logic Circuits: Photonic Concatenation in Upconverting Nanocrystals
Authors: Zanella Sofia , Hernández‐Rodríguez Miguel A. , Fu Lianshe , Shi Rui , Carlos Luís D. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Brites Carlos D. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComputers and computing systems are getting an increasingly essential role in society, as revealed by the current emergence of Artificial Intelligence. The further increase in computer systems and digitalization of society will certainly demand innovative computing systems with higher processing speeds at low energetic and capital costs. Remarkable developments in the last five years have been reported for quantum computing; nevertheless, photonic and molecular computing has also been evolving with the potential of reaching the maximum possible miniaturization by using molecules as building blocks for basilar logic systems. One of the main challenges for molecular logic is the logical connection between molecular elements, called concatenation. Until now, concatenation of molecular logic gates has been exclusively reported using chemical species, with obvious practical limitations. In this work, the first photonic concatenation of a NAND with an AND molecular logic gate is presented. The logic system is implemented on nanoplatforms of Yb3+/Er3+ core@shell Sr2YF7 nanocrystals that are used to define combinatory logic gates and temperature‐reconfigurable logic systems. The results show that upconverting nanocrystals are promising platforms for the development of solid‐state molecular logic devices. These devices can reproduce the logical operations that are currently implemented in electronic devices.
Longitudinal Manipulation of Scalar to Vector Vortex Beams Evolution Empowered by All‐Silicon Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Shouxin , Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Xu Hang , Song Chunyu , Yang Fan , Liu Yanyan , Shi Wei , Zhang Yating , Shen Yun , Yao Jianquan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractManipulating the trend of polarization profiles in the propagation direction, especially the evolution from homogeneous to inhomogeneous distribution, can provide subtle implements for light‐matter interactions. The implementation of conventional stacked structures in the terahertz (THz) band to maneuver polarization states within a finite distance will result in large insertion losses due to inherent material absorption or Fabry–Perot resonance. Metasurfaces have proved to possess many extraordinary properties and propelled the integration of THz functional devices. Herein, the evolution from scalar vortex to vector vortex beams in the longitudinal direction is experimentally demonstrated using all‐silicon metasurfaces generated by spin‐polarization multiplexing encoding techniques. The coaxial universalized phase design scheme with extended focal length provides a paradigm for polarization manipulation that is not limited to the THz band. As a conceptual investigation of the working mechanism, a series of all‐silicon samples are fabricated to experimentally evaluate the conversion capability from scalar to vortex beams, that is, homogeneous to inhomogeneous polarization profiles. The mode weight recorded in the effective region is utilized to further analyze the setting laws of topological charges in orthogonal channels, providing great opportunities for fundamental applications in emerging fields, such as singular optics and quantum science.
Be2+‐Induced Red Emission Enhancement in CaAl12O19:Mn4+ for Wide Color Gamut Display: Suppressing Self‐Reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+
Authors: Zheng Liwen , Zhang Liangliang , Fang Limin , Wu Hao , Wu Huajun , Pan Guo‐Hui , Yang Yuxin , Luo Yongshi , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMn4+‐activated CaAl12O19 (CAO: Mn4+) is recognized as a promising candidate for red phosphor used in wide color gamut displays. However, the spontaneous self‐reduction of Mn4+ to Mn2+ occurs for charge compensation through Mn2+‐Mn4+ substitution for Al3+‐Al3+, lowering the quantum efficiency of Mn4+. To suppress the self‐reduction, some divalent metal ions, including Ba2+, Sr2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+, are added for charge compensation instead of Mn2+, but only small luminescence enhancement is observed. In this paper, remarkable luminescence enhancement in CAO: Mn4+ via co‐doping Be2+ is reported. The photoluminescence properties are studied as a function of Be2+ doping concentration, and the optimal Be2+ concentration of 0.01 is found. The internal quantum efficiency of 74.9% and external quantum efficiency of 56.3% are achieved under UV excitation, higher than those via co‐doping other divalent metal ions. This study indicates that the addition of Be2+ dominates the charge compensation because Be2+ is closer to Al3+ in size than Mn2+ and other divalent metal ions. The backlight light‐emitting diodes using CAO: Mn4+, Be2+ are fabricated, exhibiting a 110.1% Nation Television Standards Committee (NTSC) color gamut, wider than both the current commercial backlight using K2SiF6: Mn4+ (KSF) red phosphor and the conventional one using YAG yellow phosphor.
Highly Quantum Efficient and Thermally Stable Near‐Infrared‐Emitting K‐β‐Al2O3:Cr3+ Phosphor
Authors: Dou Chao , Cai Chuxin , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are enablers for NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). However, fewer NIR‐emitting phosphors with both high internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) and thermal stability are discovered, which obstructs the promotion of NIR pc‐LEDs. Herein, by partially replacing Al3+ in K‐β‐Al2O3:2Cr3+ with Ga3+, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the solid solution K1+δ(Al0.4Ga0.6)11O17:2Cr3+, (KA0.4G0.6O:Cr) phosphor is increased 2.75 and 1.25 times that of end‐members K1+δAl11O17:2Cr3+ (KAO:Cr) and K1+δGa11O17:2Cr3+ (KGO:Cr). The IQE/EQE of optimal KA0.4G0.6O:Cr reaches 88.9%/50.8% with high thermal stability (77.4%@150 °C). The PL intensity enhancement is due to the Al/Ga‐6O octahedral volume and distortion variation caused by the substitution of Ga3+ for Al3+ in K1+δ(Al1‐y,Gay)11O17:2Cr3+ (KA1‐yGyO:Cr), which leads to the forbidden d–d transition being broken and crystal field strength varied. Finally, a NIR pc‐LED device fabricated based on KA0.4G0.6O:Cr NIR‐emitting phosphor and blue chip reaches an electro‐optical efficiency of 16.3% under a drive current of 100 mA. Meanwhile, non‐destructive detection and plant germination applications of the NIR pc‐LED are demonstrated. These results prove that KA0.4G0.6O:Cr is a promising NIR phosphor for diverse applications.
Organocatalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Diels‐Alder Reaction between 2,4‐Dienals and α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Kim Byungjun , Lee Sukwoo , Yunmi Lee Sarah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite advances in the development of catalytic asymmetric Diels‐Alder reactions, introducing α,β‐unsaturated esters as dienophiles remains challenging owing to their low reactivity. Herein, we report that a chiral aminocatalyst in conjunction with a chiral isothiourea catalyst or a Brønsted acid can promote enantio‐ and diastereoselective Diels‐Alder reactions between 2,4‐dienals and α,β‐unsaturated esters. This method proceeds through the formation of chiral trienamine intermediates for the exo‐cycloaddition with activated dienophiles, α,β‐unsaturated acylammonium species or protonated N‐heteroaryl‐substituted alkenes. Through synergistic activation of both dienes and ester dienophiles, densely functionalized cyclohexenes bearing multiple stereocenters can be afforded with up to >25:1 dr and >99% ee. Moreover, we show that variation of the configurations of the chiral catalysts and the olefin geometry allows the stereodivergent preparation of four stereoisomers of the enantiopure exo‐products.
Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots as Nanomanometers: Influence of Size and Composition
Authors: Aldaz‐Caballero Leyre , Rodríguez‐Mendoza Ulises R. , Lavín Víctor , Canton Patrizia , Benayas Antonio , Marin Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMechanical forces control the function of organisms and mediate the interaction between biological systems and their environments. Knowledge of these forces will increase the understanding of biological processes and can support the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Although techniques like atomic force microscopy and droplet insertion method allow measuring forces over a broad range of values, they are invasive and lack versatility. A promising way to overcome these hurdles is luminescent nanomanometry. Quantum dots (QDs) specifically have optical properties that depend on their size because of the quantum confinement, which makes them responsive to applied forces. Yet, a fine understanding of how fundamental parameters affect the response to applied stress is required before a QD family can be credibly proposed as luminescent nanomanometers. Here, a thorough study is conducted on how size and stoichiometry affect the nanomanometry performance of CuInS2 QDs. The studied QDs feature pressure‐dependent photoluminescence in the red/near‐infrared range, which can enable the measurement of mechanical forces in the range of physiological relevance in a remote and minimally invasive way. It is shown that tuning size and stoichiometry can simultaneously enhance the CuInS2 QDs’ brightness and response to applied pressure, thus providing guidelines for better luminescent nanomanometers.
Cavitation‐Mediated Transcutaneous Delivery of Protein and Nucleotide‐based Antigen for Rapid High‐level Immune Responses
Authors: Hettinga Johanna K , Lyons Brian , Balkaran Joel , Rijal Pramila , Dunn‐Lawless Darcy , Caproni Lisa , Gray Michael , Suslick Kenneth S. , Coussios Constantin C , Carlisle Robert C 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlternatives are needed to remove the pain, injury, cross‐infection, and hazardous waste associated with needle and syringe (N+S)‐based vaccination. Reported here is the use of novel ultrasound‐responsive protein cavitation nuclei (pCaN), formed using the model antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA), to achieve effective transcutaneous delivery. Upon exposure to ultrasound (US), these pCaN instigate cavitation events which propel themselves and co‐located DNA vectors into the skin. US parameters as well as pCaN and DNA concentration are refined to achieve optimal expression of encoded luciferase transgene. Twenty‐four hours post‐treatment, luciferase expression in the skin, by IVIS imaging, was 1.67 × 106 ±941943, photons per sec for N+S intradermal injection and 1.49 × 106 ±261832 for cavitation‐mediated delivery (p>0.05). Hence, there is no significant difference in luciferase level achieved, but improved homogeneity and reproducibility of expression are evident in mice treated using US‐mediated cavitation. Despite this equivalence in luciferase levels, a >5× higher level (p<0.02) of anti‐luciferase antibodies is achieved when cavitation is used versus N+S injection. Antibody levels against BSA, resulting from the use of BSA pCaN, are equivalent for the two groups. PCaN can be formed from a range of antigenic proteins and DNA can encode a range of antigenic proteins, so this approach has wide‐ranging implications for needle‐free vaccination.