bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction identification method of time-varying internal heat source based on inverse heat transfer problem
Authors: Li Zhenjun , Zhao Chunyu 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the inverse problems that arise in various practical heat transfer processes. The purpose of this paper is to provide an identification method for predicting the internal boundary conditions for thermal analysis of mechanical structure. A few examples of heat transfer systems are given to illustrate the applicability of the method and the challenges that must be addressed in solving the inverse problem.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the thermal network method and the finite difference method are used to model the two-dimensional heat conduction inverse problem of the tube structure, and the heat balance equation is arranged into an explicit form for heat load prediction. To solve the matrix ill-conditioned problem in the process of solving the inverse problem, a Tikhonov regularization parameter selection method based on the inverse computation-contrast-adjustment-approach was proposed.

Findings
The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples for different dynamically varying heat source functions. It is proved that the method can predict dynamic heat source with different complexity.

Practical implications
The modeling calculation method described in this paper can be used to predict the boundary conditions for the inner wall of the heat transfer tube, where the temperature sensor cannot be placed.

Originality/value
This paper presents a general method for the direct prediction of heat sources or boundary conditions in mechanical structure. It can directly obtain the time-varying heat flux load and thtemperature field of the machine structure.
Understanding sustainability as a cyclical process: insights from social innovation and the adaptive cycle
Authors: Dare Alexa M. , Dittrich Ruth , Schondel Macey , Lowney Molly , Hill Gregory 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to understand why higher education institutions (HEIs) struggle to become sustainable institutions themselves despite providing relevant teaching and research on sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
Using 17 open-ended, semistructured interviews to determine common themes (codes) regarding sustainability, the authors mapped those codes to the adaptive cycle from social innovation theory.

Findings
Using the adaptive cycle offered a framework for understanding sustainability at HEIs as a cyclical process where innovation occurs in ebbs and flows. Differing perceptions of power by students and faculty slow down the process, and cross-collaboration is the key to further sustainability.

Practical implications
Insights from the adaptive cycle can contribute to HEI assessment of its sustainability initiatives by identifying the stage of the adaptive cycle relevant to the institution’s present sustainability work.

Originality/value
Applying the adaptive cycle is an original way of understanding the process of anchoring sustainability at HEIs providing concrete insights into advancing this process.
Food security and political instability-foreign divestment analysis
Authors: Subramaniam Yogeeswari , Loganathan Nanthakumar , Masron Tajul Ariffin 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Prior studies have found evidence for the role of political instability on foreign divestment (FD) where a high level of instability encourages FD decisions. Therefore, this paper aims to examine how the food security level explains the linkage between political instability and FD.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study adopts the system generalised method of moment (GMM) to achieve accurate and reliable empirical evidence for 60 developing countries in the period 2011 to 2020.

Findings
The results demonstrated a negative and significant relationship between political instability and FD on food security. This suggests that political instability’s impact on divestment tends to be lower in countries with better levels of food security. Other controlled variables, such as economic growth, human capital and trade openness, also have a negative effect on FD, discouraging FD.

Practical implications
As a result, policymakers could take steps to ensure that food security levels reach acceptable levels, as food security has been linked to a country’s political stability.

Originality/value
To the authors limited knowledge, no studies have looked at the relationship between political instability and food security in determining a country’s FD. Our study aims to analyse this issue because the current global crisis, which is being caused by high food prices, will push millions of more people into severe poverty and exacerbate hunger and malnutrition
Determinants of Sukuk credit rating: evidence from issuing firms in Malaysia
Authors: Homsi Mahmoud Al , Muhamad Sori Zulkarnain , Mohamad Shamsher 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine the determinants of Sukuk credit ratings of issuing firms in Malaysia, and the rating changes from lower to higher rating and vice versa.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 328 Sukuk issuances and 1,110 Sukuk rating announcements from 2009 to 2014 were analysed using generalized ordered logit regressions approach. Firm financial characteristics, corporate governance attributes, macroeconomic factors and Sukuk structures (debt or equity based) were among the important determinants used to explain the different Sukuk credit ratings.

Findings
The results indicate a positive association of Sukuk credit rating with issuing firm’s financial information, governance attributes and the Sukuk structure whilst the macroeconomic factors did not explain the changes in the Sukuk credit rating. Specifically, firm size, profitability and leverage characteristics had significant positive effect on Sukuk credit rating for listed firms whilst only firm’s profitability had a positive effect on Sukuk credit rating by unlisted firms. With regard to governance, the board structure which includes board size, board independence and CEO/Chairman non-duality is associated with positive Sukuk credit rating for listed firms. Only financial report audited by big four auditors is associated with positive Sukuk credit rating for unlisted firms. Equity-based Sukuk are associated with positive Sukuk credit rating for listed firms while for unlisted firms only the Ijarah Sukuk had a positive Sukuk credit rating.

Research limitations/implications
Data on credit rating is scarce and had to be hand-collected from published reports. Furthermore, issues on the lack of standardisation of Islamic contracts in different geographical areas could constrain on the comparability of findings on determinants of ratings in different jurisdictions.

Practical implications
The findings provide some guide to the rating agencies to objectively assess the issuer’s creditworthiness that could mitigate default risk. Mitigating the default risk will boost investors’ confidence and credibility of credit rating agencies.

Originality/value
This study examines the determinants of Sukuk credit rating of issuing firms in Malaysia, which include not only the listed firms but also the unlisted firms.
Combining internal quality-oriented product design with external supplier involvement for enhancing operational performance: the moderating role of product modularity
Authors: Kang Mingu , Um Ki-Hyun 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a moderated mediation model by which quality-oriented product design practices influence operational performance via supplier involvement under the different levels of product modularity.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the multisource data from 268 manufacturing firms worldwide and apply regression and the PROCESS macro model to test the moderated mediation model.FindingsThe findings reveal that quality-oriented product design practices enhance operational performance directly and do so indirectly through promoting supplier involvement in quality improvement. In addition, this indirect effect is stronger when the level of product modularity is high.Originality/valueBy exploring the interaction effects of quality-oriented product design and product modularity, this study provides valuable insights into the ways in which manufacturing firms improve operational performance more effectively.
Process modeling for decomposition unit of a UFP for reliability indices subject to fail-back mode and degradation
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ram Mangey 
Published: January 2023

PurposeEnsuring safe operation of a urea fertilizer plant (UFP) is a vital aspect for its functioning and production. Clearly the safe operation of such systems can only be archived with proper and effective maintenance scheduling and through controlling its failures as well as repairs of the components. Also for this, the concern plant management must have the information regarding the failures that affects the system's performance most/least. The objective of this study is to analyze mathematically the factors that are responsible for the failure/degradation of the decomposition unit of UFP.Design/methodology/approachThe considered system has been modeled by the aid of Markov's birth–death process with two types of failures for its components: variable (which are very similar in practical situations) and constant. The mathematical model is solved by the help of Laplace transform and supplementary variable technique.FindingsIn the present paper, the availability, reliability and mean time to failure (MTTF) are computed for the decomposition unit of the UFP. The critical components that affect the reliability and MTTF of the decomposition unit are identified through sensitivity analysis.Originality/valueIn this paper, a mathematical model based on the working of the decomposition unit of a UFP has been developed by considering two types of failure, namely, variable failures rates and constant failure rates (which has not been done in the literature for the decomposition unit). Conclusions in this paper are good references for the improvement of the same.
Modular maintenance instructions architecture (MMIA)
Authors: Sigsgaard Kristoffer Vandrup , Agergaard Julie Krogh , Mortensen Niels Henrik , Hansen Kasper Barslund , Ge Jingrui 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe study consists of a literature study and a case study. The need for a method via which to handle instruction complexity was identified in both studies. The proposed method was developed based on methods from the literature and experience from the case company.Design/methodology/approachThe purpose of the study presented in this paper is to investigate how linking different maintenance domains in a modular maintenance instruction architecture can help reduce the complexity of maintenance instructions.FindingsThe proposed method combines knowledge from the operational and physical domains to reduce the number of instruction task variants. In a case study, the number of instruction task modules was reduced from 224 to 20, covering 83% of the maintenance performed on emergency shutdown valves.Originality/valueThe study showed that the other methods proposed within the body of maintenance literature mainly focus on the development of modular instructions, without the reduction of complexity and non-value-adding variation observed in the product architecture literature.
Social support resilience as a protective mental health factor in postgraduate researchers’ experiences: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Gooding Patricia , Crook Rebecca , Westwood Melissa , Faichnie Claire , Peters Sarah 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the following across a six-month period in post-graduate research (PGR) students: mental health and well-being; the effect of academic pressures on depression, anxiety and well-being; and the extent to which psychological resilience buffered against academic pressures.Design/methodology/approachThis was a longitudinal questionnaire study with predictor variables of six types of academic pressure, outcome variables of depression, anxiety and well-being, and a moderator of resilience.FindingsWell-being significantly worsened across the six-month timeframe, but levels of depression and anxiety remained relatively stable. Negative perceptions of academic challenges at baseline significantly predicted anxiety, but not depression or well-being, six months later. Negative appraisals of relationships with supervisors, other university staff and work peers were not predictors of anxiety. Social support resilience which was present at baseline buffered the relationship between perceived academic challenges and anxiety.Practical implicationsHigher education institutions have a duty of care towards PGR students, many of whom struggle with the escalating interactions between mental health problems and academic pressures. Actively nurturing psychological resilience related to social support is key at the level of individual students and the PGR community but more broadly at an institutional level.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of negative perceptions of multiple facets of academic life on depression, anxiety and well-being longitudinally. Additionally, it is the first study to investigate, and demonstrate, the extent to which psychological resilience can lessen the relationship between academic challenges and anxiety over time.
Unveiling the ghosts of landscapes past: Changes in landscape connectivity over the last decades are still shaping current woodland plant assemblages
Authors: Uroy Léa , Ernoult Aude , Alignier Audrey , Mony Cendrine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In ever‐changing landscapes, there is increasing evidence that current plant assemblages are shaped by the temporal dynamics of landscape connectivity. So far, attempts to take the temporal dynamics of connectivity into account have only focused on the degree of connectivity at one or several moments in time, but neglected the cumulative effects of temporal changes in connectivity.

We investigated the effects of the temporal dynamics of landscape connectivity (i.e. the degree of connectivity, the magnitude and the variability of its temporal changes) over the last seven decades on current woodland plant herbaceous assemblages. The assemblages were described using a taxonomic approach combined with a functional approach based on four traits linked to the colonisation capacity of plant species.

The taxonomic diversity of current woodland assemblages did not respond to the degree of connectivity nor to the magnitude and the variability of temporal changes, but the mean and/or the diversity of trait values linked to their colonisation capacity did. Responses, mainly driven by generalist species, were modulated by the type of connectivity trend experienced by woodlands. In woodlands experiencing an upward connectivity trend, high magnitude of temporal changes in connectivity increased the abundance of species that invest mostly in sexual reproduction at the expense of vegetative reproduction whereas the degree of connectivity and the variability of its temporal changes had no effect. In woodlands experiencing a downward connectivity trend, the diversity of seed mass values was independent on the magnitude but decreased with the variability of temporal changes, and increased with the degree of connectivity.

Synthesis. Overall, we show that, besides the degree of connectivity, the cumulative effects of decades of changes in connectivity shape woodland plant community assembly by selecting for particular trait values in plant species. This study opens new perspectives for integrating the temporal dynamics of landscape connectivity in the theoretical framework of plant assembly rules. It should also be considered in the development of management strategies to restore and maintain landscape connectivity.
Varieties of improvement expertise: Knowledge and contestation in health‐care improvement
Authors: Cribb Alan , Entwistle Vikki , Mitchell Polly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ‘improvement’ of health care is now established and growing as a field of research and practice. This article, based on qualitative data from interviews with 21 senior leaders in this field, analyses the growth of improvement expertise as not simply an expansion but also a multiplication of ‘ways of knowing’. It illustrates how health‐care improvement is an area where contests about relevant kinds of knowledge, approaches and purposes proliferate and intersect. One dimension of this story relates to the increasing relevance of sociological expertise—both as a disciplinary contributor to this arena of research and practice and as a spur to reflexive critique. The analysis highlights the threat of persistent hierarchies within improvement expertise reproducing and amplifying restricted conceptions of both improvement and ‘better’ health care.
Strengthening the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation's Approach to Constructing Alternative Payment Models
Authors: KANNARKAT JOSEPH T. , SHAH SOLEIL , PAREKH NATASHA , CROSSON FRANCIS J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) seeks to develop evidence‐based alternative payment models (APM) to improve health care quality and reduce costs, but its performance in achieving these goals has been mixed. In October 2021, CMMI released its Innovation Strategy Refresh to highlight challenges faced by payment models and suggest new strategic approaches for the upcoming decade. While a welcome recast of organizational goals, the Refresh leaves space for how CMMI will address persistent issues. These include how CMMI can best engage physicians and patients in APMs, minimize conflicting incentives among APMs, reduce selection bias in model participation, and, ultimately, transition away from the fee‐for‐service framework that underlies much of Medicare reimbursement. This article provides guidance to CMMI's vision by examining challenges within CMMI's strategy for model building and offering solutions to mitigate these issues. These strategies include engaging beneficiaries in APM incentives, expanding operational flexibility to improve clinical behaviors (e.g., waivers), rectifying issues with conflicting model incentives, building voluntary short‐term and mandatory long‐term incentives to mitigate selection bias, and transitioning to an overriding population‐based model to constrain net costs.
Policy Points
The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (CMMI) seeks to develop evidence‐based alternative payment models (APM) to improve care quality and reduce health care cost, but its performance in achieving these goals has been mixed.
In October 2021, CMMI released a “strategic refresh” of its goals but left space for how persistent issues to model development would be addressed.
We propose strategies to engage physicians and patients in APMs, minimize conflicting incentives among APMs, reduce selection bias in model participation, and, ultimately, transition away from the fee‐for‐service framework that underlies much of Medicare reimbursement.
Effects of obesity on talar micro‐ and macro‐morphology
Authors: Sylvester Adam D. , Wescott Daniel J. , Cunningham Deborah L. , Gleiber Devora S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe addition of information regarding obesity status to the forensic anthropological biological profile could significantly contribute to the identification of human skeletal remains since over 40% of the U.S. adult population is currently obese. This study examines the differences in talar shape and trabecular bone structure between obese and non‐obese individuals. A sample of 20 obese and 20 non‐obese divided evenly by sex was selected from the Texas State University Donated Skeletal Collection. Tali were imaged using x‐ray computed tomography (voxel size: 28–38.7 μm). Image stacks were processed to produce binary images as well as trabecular thickness and spacing maps. Landmark‐based geometric morphometric analyses were conducted to quantify shape variation. Shape coordinates were used to locate 100 geometrically homologous volumes of interest within each talus. Bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular spacing were extracted at each volume of interest. Within each sex, a one‐way ANCOVA was used to determine if significant differences exist between obese and non‐obese individuals in trabecular bone after controlling for age. The size of the talus as well as subtle aspects of shape were found to distinguish the sexes. The results further indicate that bone volume fraction significantly differs between obese and non‐obese males. In females, bone volume fraction is correlated with age but does not differ between obese and non‐obese. The study demonstrates that bone microstructure is a promising approach to estimating body mass or body mass index category but age effects diminish the potential for the talus to be used alone.
Postpartum perineal wound infection and its effect on anal sphincter integrity: Results of a prospective observational study
Authors: Okeahialam Nicola Adanna , Thakar Ranee , Sultan Abdul H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPerineal wound infection can affect tissues at superficial, deep, and organ space levels. Women with obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are at risk of infection; however, no study to date has investigated if infection can extend to affect the anal sphincter integrity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical progression of perineal wound infection and its effect on the anal sphincter in women with or without OASIS using three‐dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D‐EAUS).Material and methodsWomen were recruited into the Prospective Observational Study Evaluating the Sonographic Appearance of the Anal Sphincter in Women With Perineal Wound Infection Following Vaginal Delivery (PERINEAL Study) between August 2020 and August 2021 (NCT 04480684). 3D‐EAUS was performed weekly until complete wound healing. Significant bacterial colonization was diagnosed using the MolecuLight i:X camera. The primary study outcome was a change in a sphincter defect angle from baseline (wound infection) until wound healing. A robust Poisson regression model was used to analyze the effect of significant bacterial loads on the anal sphincter.ResultsSeventy‐three women were included. A median of two ultrasound scans were performed in each patient (range 1–16). Five women (6.8%) had an OASI clinically diagnosed at delivery. In total, 250 EAUS were performed. An external anal sphincter defect was found on EAUS in 55 (22.0%) scans (n = 10 women). An external anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter defect was found in 26 scans (10.4%) (n = 3 women). During the course of the wound healing process, there was no significant change in defect size in wounds with or without significant bacterial colonization. In cases of an intact anal sphincter, wound infection did not disrupt its integrity.ConclusionsWe found that perineal wound infection does not disrupt an intact anal sphincter or OASIS. This new information can provide important information for clinicians and patients. As there are myths frequently encountered in cases of litigation when disruption of sphincter integrity is attributed to perineal infection, the findings of this study should be tested in larger studies in the future.