bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a dermatoscopy curriculum during residency at Augsburg University Hospital in Germany
Authors: Schuh Sandra , Schiele Stefan , Thamm Janis , Kranz Stefanie , Welzel Julia , Blum Andreas 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackground and objectivesTo date, there is no structured program for dermatoscopy training during residency in Germany. Whether and how much dermatoscopy training is acquired is left to the initiative of each resident, although dermatoscopy is one of the core competencies of dermatological training and daily practice. The aim of the study was to establish a structured dermatoscopy curriculum during residency at the University Hospital Augsburg.Patients and methodsAn online platform with dermatoscopy modules was created, accessible regardless of time and place. Practical skills were acquired under the personal guidance of a dermatoscopy expert. Participants were tested on their level of knowledge before and after completing the modules. Test scores on management decisions and correct dermatoscopic diagnosis were analyzed.ResultsResults of 28 participants showed improvements in management decisions from pre‐ to posttest (74.0% vs. 89.4%) and in dermatoscopic accuracy (65.0% vs. 85.6%). Pre‐ vs. posttest differences in test score (7.05/10 vs. 8.94/10 points) and correct diagnosis were significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe dermatoscopy curriculum increases the number of correct management decisions and dermatoscopy diagnoses. This will result in more skin cancers being detected, and fewer benign lesions being excised. The curriculum can be offered to other dermatology training centers and medical professionals.
The association between myocardial contraction fraction assessed by echocardiography and mortality
Authors: Leibowitz David , Zwas Donna , Amir Offer , Gotsman Israel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is the most commonly used echocardiographic measurement of LV systolic function. Myocardial contraction fraction (MCF) may be a more accurate assessment of LV systolic function than EF. Limited data are available regarding the prognostic value of MCF compared to EF in a population referred for echocardiography.ObjectivesTo assess whether MCF was predictive of all‐cause mortality in a population referred for echocardiography.MethodsAll consecutive subjects undergoing echocardiography in a university‐affiliated laboratory during a 5‐year period were retrieved for analysis. MCF was calculated by dividing LV stroke volume (LV end diastolic volume–LV end systolic volume) by LV myocardial volume and multiplied by 100. All cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate independent variables associated with survival.Results18,149 continuous subjects (median age 60 years, 53% male) were included. Median MCF in the cohort was 52% (interquartile range 40–64) while median EF was 64% (56‐69). Any reduction in MCF from a value of 60 was significantly associated with survival on multivariable analysis. When echo parameters including EF, e:e’, elevated TR gradient and significant MR were added to the model, MCF less than 50% remained significantly associated with mortality. MCF was also independently associated with both death and cardiovascular hospitalization. The AUC for MCF was .66 (95% confidence interval (CI): .65‐.67) while for EF the AUC was only .58 (95% CI: .57‐.59), a statistically significant difference (p < .0001).ConclusionsReduced MCF is independently associated with mortality in a large population referred for echocardiography.
Adams and Eves: High school math and the gender gap in Economics majors
Authors: Bertocchi Graziella , Bonacini Luca , Murat Marina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhy so few women graduate in Economics? We investigate the gender gap among Italian university graduates in Economics between 2010 and 2019. With women's probability of graduating in Economics being 27% lower than men's, the gap is larger than in Business and even STEM. The association between the gender gap and the mathematical content of high school curricula is especially strong in Economics. A triple difference analysis shows that a reform raising the mathematical content of traditionally low math curricula caused an increase in the gender gap, with women's probability of graduating in Economics decreasing by 12 percentage points.
Decision‐making impairment under ambiguity but not under risk may underlie medication overuse in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Lau Chi Ieong , Chen Wei‐Hung , Wang Han‐Cheng , Walsh Vincent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (CM + MOH) present with decision‐making deficit.BackgroundFactors underlying MOH in patients with CM remain unclear. Whether the process of decision‐making plays a role in MOH is still controversial. Decision‐making varies in the degree of uncertainty: under ambiguity where the probability of outcome is unknown, and under risk where probabilities are known.MethodsDecisions under ambiguity and risk were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task and the Cambridge Gambling Task, respectively, whereas executive function was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.ResultsA total of 75 participants: 25 patients with CM + MOH, 25 with CM, and 25 age‐ and sex‐similar healthy controls (HCs), completed this cross‐sectional study. There was no significant difference in headache profiles except for more frequent analgesic use (mean ± SD: 23.5 ± 7.6 vs. 6.8 ± 3.4 days; p < 0.001) and higher Severity of Dependence Scores (median [25th−75th percentile]: 8 [5–11] vs. 1 [0–4]; p < 0.001) in patients with CM + MOH compared to CM. Total net score (mean ± SD) on the Iowa Gambling Task in patients with CM + MOH, CM, and HCs were − 8.1 ± 28.7, 10.9 ± 29.6, and 14.2 ± 28.8, respectively. There was a significant difference between the three groups (F(2, 72) = 4.28, p = 0.017), with patients with CM + MOH making significantly more disadvantageous decisions than patients with CM (p = 0.024) and HCs (p = 0.008), while the CM and HC groups did not differ (p = 0.690). By contrast, there was no significant difference between the groups in the Cambridge Gambling Task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Furthermore, performance on the Iowa Gambling Task was inversely correlated with analgesic consumption (r = −0.41, p = 0.003), suggesting that decision‐making under ambiguity may be related to MOH.ConclusionsOur data suggest that patients with CM + MOH had impaired decisions under ambiguous, but not risky situations. This dissociation indicates disrupted emotional feedback processing rather than executive dysfunction, which may underlie the pathogenesis of MOH.
A PANEL CLUSTERING APPROACH TO ANALYZING BUBBLE BEHAVIOR
Authors: Liu Yanbo , Phillips Peter C. B. , Yu Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study provides new mechanisms for identifying and estimating explosive bubbles in mixed‐root panel autoregressions with a latent group structure. A postclustering approach is employed that combines k‐means clustering with right‐tailed panel‐data testing. Uniform consistency of the k‐means algorithm is established. Pivotal null limit distributions of the tests are introduced. A new method is proposed to consistently estimate the number of groups. Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed methods perform well in finite samples; and empirical applications of the proposed methods identify bubbles in the U.S. and Chinese housing markets and the U.S. stock market.
Cognitive processes during mid‐clause and between‐clause disfluencies in L2 English oral production
Authors: Kobayashi Manami 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study explored the cognitive processes during which disfluency markers occur in second language (L2) oral production and the factors that cause them. Fukuta and Tamura (2017) reported that L2 learners focus more on grammatical than conceptual aspects during between‐clause pauses, and on both conceptual and grammatical aspects during mid‐clause pauses. The picture description tasks used in their study required a limited amount of conceptualizing, and it is assumed that, when learners are given a task with a high conceptualization demand, as is often required in an authentic language use, they would focus more on the conceptual aspect. To investigate the cognitive processes when there is a higher conceptualization demand, this study gave 24 English learners a direction‐giving map task in English, followed by a stimulated recall interview in their L1. The frequency of disfluency markers (pauses, self‐corrections, and repetitions) between and within clauses and the results of stimulated recall interview were analyzed. The results indicated that learners produce more disfluency markers at mid‐clause than at between‐clause and that they engage in both conceptual and formal processes at between‐clause and mid‐clause disfluency markers. Little attention to phonetics is paid at both locations.
Handling uncertainty in the quay crane scheduling problem: a unified distributionally robust decision model
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Agra Agostinho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuay cranes are among the most important resources in port terminals, and their efficient use is crucial for port terminals to remain competitive in the market. The problem of determining the sequence of tasks performed by the quay cranes that minimizes the turnaround time of a vessel is an NP‐hard problem known as the quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP).In this paper, we consider the unidirectional QCSP under uncertain processing times, where the cranes are only allowed to move in a specific direction. We start by presenting the first distributionally robust optimization (DRO) model for this problem and an exact decomposition algorithm to solve it. The proposed DRO model makes it possible to derive a stochastic programming model and a robust optimization model for the unidirectional QCSP by an appropriate choice of the risk‐averse parameter of the model. Through extensive numerical results, we compare these three approaches—stochastic programming, robust optimization, and DRO—to investigate whether significant differences among the solutions obtained exist. Finally, we propose a new method for helping practitioners to determine a representative set of different DRO solutions.
Quercetin can be a more reliable treatment for metastatic prostate cancer than the localized disease: An in vitro study
Authors: Mirzaei Akram , Deyhimfar Roham , Azodian Ghajar Helia , Mashhadi Rahil , Noori Maryam , Dialameh Hossein , Aghsaeifard Ziba , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuercetin is a plant flavonoid that has been recognized to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and anti‐proliferative activities. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of quercetin against prostate malignancy in vitro and the underlying resistance mechanism. IC50 values of quercetin were determined by MTT assay. Annexin‐V/PI staining was used to measure the rate of apoptosis. DNA cell cycle was analysed by PI staining method. Real‐time PCR was performed to assess mRNA levels of OPN isoforms, VEGF isoforms, P53 and KLK2. Migration potential, proliferative capability and nucleus morphology of cells were evaluated by the scratch‐wound assay, colony‐forming assay and Hoechst staining, respectively. Quercetin significantly increased the apoptosis rate of PC‐3 and LNCaP cell lines, arrested the cell cycle at the sub‐G1/G1 phase, and reduced the migration potential and colony‐forming capability. Moreover, upregulation of apoptosis‐related genes and downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and angiogenesis was also observed. Although our results elucidated that quercetin has antitumor effects on PC‐3 and LNCaP, for the first time, we showed that quercetin treatment causes alterations in the expression of OPN and VEGF isoforms, which are cancer‐promoting modulators through various processes such as angiogenesis and drug‐resistance. Prostate malignant cells can dodge the anti‐carcinogenic properties of quercetin via modulation of OPN and VEGF isoforms in vitro. Therefore, quercetin acts as a double‐edged sword in prostate cancer treatment.
Optimizing foam quality characteristics of model food using Taguchi‐based fuzzy logic method
Authors: Güldane Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) concentration (0%, 50%, and 100%), sonication time (10, 20, and 30 min), and whipping time (5, 10, and 15 min) on the quality characteristics of the model food foam were investigated and optimized. In order to maximize both foaming capacity (FC) and foam stability (FS), it was aimed to select the optimum process parameters using a Taguchi‐based fuzzy logic method (TBFLM). The experiments were performed according to Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal design, and the effects of process parameters on foam quality characteristics were investigated by analysis of variance. Optimization results revealed that optimum FC and FS values were obtained with 50% SPI, 30 min sonication, and 10 min whipping. SPI concentration was the most effective factor for the responses in Taguchi single‐response optimization. However, the whipping time has the greatest impact on the multiperformance characteristics index, accounting for 78.93% of the contribution to fuzzy logic multiresponse optimization. The verification experiments revealed that the TBFLM is a useful method for improving foam quality characteristics.Practical applicationsFC and FS are the most important properties, which represent the quality characteristics of model food foams. The Taguchi method failed in multiresponse optimization in the model food application. A Taguchi‐based Fuzzy logic optimization method was successfully applied to optimize the quality characteristics of model food foam, and the optimal conditions were determined as soy protein isolate of 50%, sonication time of 30 min, and whipping time of 10 min. The contribution of whipping time to the multiperformance characteristics index was found to be the highest.
Consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicate short‐lived high‐pressure metamorphism and rapid subduction in oceanic subduction belt: An example from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Ying , Cheng Hao , Peng Zhi‐min , Dragovic Besim , Fu Yu‐zhen , Du Kai‐Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe integration of garnet‐based petrologic constraints with multimineral geochronologic data in eclogites and blueschists allows the timing and rate of subduction zone metamorphism to be constrained. We present a combined garnet Lu–Hf/Sm–Nd and zircon/rutile U–Pb geochronology study on three eclogites, a garnet‐bearing blueschist, and a micaschist from the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, a newly discovered ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt in southeast Tibet, in order to characterize tectono‐metamorphic events and determine the duration of Paleo‐Tethys oceanic subduction. Integration of phase equilibrium modelling and conventional thermobarometry for the eclogites defines a clockwise P–T path evolving from blueschist facies conditions at ~1.4 GPa and ~505–530°C to peak eclogite facies conditions at ~2.8 GPa and ~630–640°C, followed by isothermal decompression to amphibolite facies at ~1.0 GPa and ~630–650°C. The Lu–Hf ages of c. 239–236 Ma obtained for the eclogites and the blueschist are indistinguishable from the rutile U–Pb age of c. 239 Ma obtained for the eclogites and, combined with the observation of well‐preserved Rayleigh‐fractionation‐style Mn and Lu zoning profiles in garnet, reflect the timing of early prograde garnet growth. The Sm–Nd ages of c. 242–236 Ma reflect a later period of garnet growth, evidenced by flat and/or M‐shaped Sm zoning profiles. Each of the Sm–Nd ages overlaps, within uncertainty, with its corresponding Lu–Hf age (i.e., from the same garnet fraction). The consistency of the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages indicates a short overall duration of garnet growth from blueschist to eclogite facies metamorphism, reflecting rapid subduction of the oceanic slab. The magmatic zircon U–Pb dates of c. 247 Ma constrain the protolith age of these metabasaltic rocks. The close protolith and the high‐pressure metamorphic ages, together with the consistent garnet Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages and the overlapping youngest and oldest metamorphic ages of the oceanic‐type and continental‐type eclogites, respectively, suggest a fast tectonic transition from divergence to convergence highlighted by rapid oceanic subduction, continuous transition from oceanic to continental subduction, and a rapid cooling of the subduction interface.
Growth of kyanite and Fe‐Mg chloritoid in Fe2O3‐rich high‐pressure–low‐temperature metapelites and metapsammites: A case study from the Massa Unit (Alpi Apuane, Italy)
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Rossetti Federico , Walters Jesse B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChloritoid and kyanite coexist in metapelites from the high‐pressure/low‐temperature Massa Unit in the Alpi Apuane metamorphic complex (Northern Apennines, Italy). The composition of chloritoid is extremely variable throughout the Massa Unit. Fe‐chloritoid occurs in association with hematite‐free, graphite‐bearing schists, whereas strongly zoned Fe‐Mg chloritoid is found with hematite and kyanite. We investigated the effect of different bulk Fe2O3 contents in controlling chloritoid composition through phase equilibria modelling of four selected samples, representative of the different chloritoid‐bearing parageneses found in the Massa Unit. The ferric iron content, measured through wet chemical titration, ranges from 0 (graphite‐chloritoid schist) to 73% of the total iron (hematite‐chloritoid schist). We show that Mg‐rich chloritoid compositions and stability of kyanite at greenschist to blueschist facies conditions can be reproduced in the MnO–Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O (MnNKFMASHTO) chemical system only considering the presence of significant amounts of ferric iron as part of the bulk composition. The stabilization of kyanite at lower grade is directly linked to the presence of Fe2O3, which renders the reactive bulk rock composition effectively enriched in Al2O3 with respect to Fe and Mg. We also document that high Fe2O3 contents exacerbate the effect of chloritoid fractionation, producing strongly zoned Fe‐Mg‐chloritoid grains. Finally, the P–T modelling of the Massa Units performed in this study allows, for the first time, the recognition of a two‐stage evolution at peak conditions, with an earlier pressure peak (1.2–1.3 GPa at 350–400°C), and a later thermal peak (0.7–1.1 GPa at 440–480°C), compatible with subduction, underthrusting and exhumation of the Adria continental margin during growth of the Northern Apennine orogenic wedge.
Distribution and length of muscle spindles and their 3D visualisation in the medial gastrocnemius of male and female rats
Authors: Piotr M. , Skieresz‐Szewczyk K. , Jackowiak H. , Celichowski J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the medial gastrocnemius muscle spindles of 10 male and 10 female rats was analysed under a light microscope, and for the first time, visualised using a 3D model of the muscle. Serial cross‐sections of the medial gastrocnemius muscles were separated into 10 divisions along with the proximo‐distal axis. The muscle spindles of the rat medial gastrocnemius were predominantly distributed on the proximo‐medial divisions of the muscle. There were no sex‐related differences in the distribution of the studied receptors. A single division contained an average of 2.71 receptors for animals of both sexes. Moreover, the calculated lengths of male and female rat muscle spindles were comparable, and average lengths did not significantly differ (3.30 ± 1.47 mm for male and 3.26 ± 1.32 mm for female rats). Therefore, the present results fill gaps in recent observations concerning similarities in muscle spindle numbers between male and female animals, despite significant differences in muscle mass and size.
Clinical observation of laser combined with 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for female vulva condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Zhao Zian , jama Ahmed Abdullahi , Gao Hui , Lu Yao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCondylomata acuminata, or genital warts (GW), are exceedingly prevalent, with human papilloma virus infection accounting for 90% of cases. It can be treated in a variety of methods, but the high recurrence rate and cervical scars make it difficult to choose the best treatment option. Hence, the study aims to find the effect of laser combined with 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy for condyloma acuminata in the vulva, vagina, and cervix.MethodsA total of 106 female patients with GW of the vulva, vagina, and cervical condyloma acuminata were treated in the Dermatology Department of Subei People's Hospital in Yangzhou from May 2020 to July 2021. All these patients were treated with laser combined with 5‐ALA photodynamic therapy to observe the therapeutic effect.ResultsAbout 84.9% of patients responded to the first session of ALA‐photodynamic treatment. Five patients relapsed in the 2nd week, two patients relapsed in the 4th week, one relapsed in the 8th week, one relapsed in the 12th week, and the relapsed patients were given 1–3 times of photodynamic therapy again, and no recurrence was seen in the 24th week. After four courses of treatment in 106 patients, the wart clearance rate was 100%.ConclusionLaser combined with 5‐ALA photodynamic therapy for female vulva, vagina, and cervix condyloma acuminata has a reliable curative effect, low recurrence rate, few adverse reactions, and less pain. It is worth promoting in female vulva, vagina, and cervical condyloma acuminata.
First report of epiphytic dinoflagellateCoolia malayensis(Dinophyceae) in the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Uribe Eduardo , Álvarez Gonzalo , Cárcamo Claudia , Díaz Patricio A. , Rengel José , Blanco Juan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCooliaspecies are epiphytic and benthic dinoflagellates with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. In the austral summer of 2016, during a survey in Bahía Calderilla, a dinoflagellate of the genusCooliawas detected in macroalgae samples, and a clonal culture was established. Subsequently, the cultured cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and identified asC. malayensisbased on their morphological characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU rDNA D1/D2 regions confirmed that strain D005‐1 corresponded toC. malayensisand clustered with strains isolated from New Zealand, Mexico, and Asia Pacific countries. Although the strain D005‐1 culture did not contain yessotoxin (YTX), cooliatoxin, 44‐methyl gambierone, or its analogs in detectable amounts by LC–MS/MS, more research is needed to evaluate its toxicity and to determine the possible impact ofC. malayensisin northern Chilean waters.
Racism in the Hands of an Angry God: How Image of God Impacts Cultural Racism in Relation to Police Treatment of African Americans
Authors: Lauve‐Moon Tim A. , Park Jerry Z. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests an angry God image is a narrative schema predicting support for more punitive forms of criminal justice. However, this research has not explored the possibility that racialization may impact one's God image. We perform logistic regression on Wave V of the Baylor Religion Survey to examine the correlation between an angry God image and the belief that police shoot Blacks more often because Blacks are more violent than Whites (a context‐specific form of cultural racism). Engaging critical insights from intersectionality theory, we also interact angry God image with both racialized identity and racialized religious tradition. Results suggest that the angry God schema is associated with this form of cultural racism for White people generally as well as White Evangelicals, yet for Black Protestants, belief in an angry God is associated with resistance against this type of cultural racism.