bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of decomposition agent application and schedule in wheat straw return practice on soil quality and crop yield
Authors: Wang Xiaogang , Wang Qiongshan , Zhang Youchang , Zhang Jiaohai , Xia Songbo , Qin Hongde , Feng Changhui , Bie Shu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStraw return is a beneficial agricultural practice but mechanisms and information on microbial community alterations initiated by decomposed straw and promotion of soil nutritive content and conservation is still not adequately understood. Therefore, the study applied molecular, bioinformatics, chemical and plant yield analysis to determine the effect of wheat straw return and decomposing agent on soil, fungi and crop yield characteristics under wheat biomass return with and without the inclusion of the decomposition agent at varying times. We hypothesized no difference in fungal community diversity and composition, no changes in soil characteristics as well as no changes in cotton growth characteristics between three different conditions (i) no straw return, (ii) straw return under decomposition agent and (iii) straw return under no decomposition agent. It involved analysis of changes in fungal community diversity and composition, changes in soil characteristics as well as changes in cotton growth characteristics under the different treatments. The phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were in relatively in highest abundance within the straw return under decomposition agent treatment than in both the straw return treatment and straw return under no decomposition agent treatment. The pathogenic genus Aspergillus as the most dominant under no straw return treatment, while genus Trechispora, Lulwaona and Dioszegia were most dominant under straw return under no decomposition agent treatment. Indeed, there was high fungal community dissimilarity between the three treatments. Additionally, there was increased rise in fungal diversity, soil nutrients and crop yield under the straw return within the shortest possible time, and the addition of decomposing agent further enhanced the high fungal species diversity.
Graphical Abstract
Contribution of natural food environments to nutritional intake and biomarker status: insights from the women of indigenous santhal communities of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Singh Archna , Dhasmana Ayushi , Bandhu Ashish , Kapoor Ridhima , Baalasubramanian Sivasankar , Ghosh-Jerath Suparna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany indigenous communities reside in biodiverse environments replete with natural food sources but show ​poor access and utilization.MethodsTo understand the links between indigenous food access, dietary intakes, and biomarkers, we conducted a cross-sectional study among women of the Santhal Community (n = 211) from 17 villages in the Godda district of Jharkhand, India. Survey methods included household surveys, dietary intake assessment (24 HDR) and micronutrient and inflammatory biomarkers' estimation.ResultsThe diversity in access to foods from different natural sources expressed as Food access diversity index was low. This led to poor consumption and thus a low Minimum Dietary Diversity. The mean nutrient intake was less than the estimated average requirement for all nutrients. Women with higher dietary diversity scores had higher nutrient intakes. Thiamine and calcium intakes were significantly higher in women consuming indigenous foods than non-consumers. One-fourth of the women had elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers. The prevalence of iron deficiency was approximately 70%. Vitamin A insufficiency (measured as retinol-binding protein) was observed in around 33.6% women, while 28.4% were deficient. Household access to natural food sources was associated with specific biomarkers. The access to kitchen garden (baari) was positively associated with retinol-binding protein levels and negatively with inflammatory biomarkers, while access to ponds was positively associated with ferritin levels.ConclusionThe findings highlight the role of access to diverse natural foods resources, including indigenous foods, for improving nutrition security in indigenous communities. Nutrition and health programs promoting indigenous food sources should include the assessment of biomarkers for effective monitoring and surveillance.
The relationship between climate change induced natural disasters and selected nutrition outcomes: a case of cyclone Idai, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dembedza Vimbainashe Prisca , Chopera Prosper , Mapara Jacob , Mpofu-Hamadziripi Nomalanga , Kembo George , Macheka Lesley 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe increased frequency of climate induced natural disasters has exacerbated the risks of malnutrition in the already vulnerable regions. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of Cyclone Idai on nutrition outcomes of women of child-bearing age and children under 5 years.MethodThe household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Zimbabwe. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews to determine food consumption score (FCS) and household dietary diversity (HDDS), minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) and minimum dietary diversity for children (MDD-C). Severity of Cyclone Idai was grouped into five categories based on the extent of damage to infrastructure and loss of human lives. Association between continuous and categorical variables was tested using Pearson correlation test and Chi square test, respectively. Linear and binary logistic regression was performed to investigate determinants of food security.ResultsA total of 535 households were interviewed. There was a significant correlation between severity of Cyclone Idai and MDD-W (p = 0.011), HDDS (p = 0.018) and FCS (p = 0.001). However, severity of Cyclone Idai was not a determinant of any nutrition outcome, but gender of household head was a negative predictor of HDDS (β = − 0.734,p = 0.040), and marital status of household head was a positive predictor (β = 0.093,p = 0.016) of FCS.ConclusionThe findings provide a good baseline to inform future programming of food aid activities during disasters. More so, our findings call for evidence-based policies regarding composition of a food aid basket and targeting of beneficiaries. The main strength of this study is that it is the first to investigate the effects of cyclones on food and nutrition security indicators and is based on a large sample size thus making our results generalisable.
Set up and assessment of progression criteria for internal pilots: the Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial example
Authors: Ainsworth Hannah , Marshman Zoe , Whiteside Katie , Sykes Debbie , Fairhurst Caroline , Turner Emma , Chestnutt Ivor , Day Peter , Dey Donna , Elliott Louise , El-Yousfi Sarab , Hewitt Catherine , Jones Claire , Pavitt Sue , Robertson Mark , Torgerson David , Innes Nicola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Dental caries is common in young people and has wide-ranging ramifications for health and quality of life. Text messaging interventions show promise as a means to promote oral health behaviour change among young people. This paper reports the internal pilot of the Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) trial, which is evaluating an intervention comprising an oral health classroom lesson and text messages about toothbrushing, on caries in young people. Pilot trial objectives were to evaluate the feasibility and appropriateness of recruitment and data collection methods, the randomisation strategy, and intervention delivery against progression criteria for the main trial.

Methods
This is an internal pilot trial embedded within an assessor-blinded, two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial. Participants were pupils aged 11–13 years (in year 7/S1 or year 8/S2) in secondary schools in England, Scotland, and Wales with above average pupil eligibility for free school meals. Following completion of pupil baseline questionnaires and dental assessments, year groups within schools were randomised to the intervention or control arm. Approximately 12 weeks later, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire, which included questions about sources of oral health advice to assess intervention contamination between year groups. At the end of the pilot phase, trial conduct was reviewed against pre-specified progression criteria.

Results
Ten schools were recruited for the pilot, with 20 year groups and 1073 pupils randomised (average of 54 pupils per year group). Data collection methods and intervention delivery were considered feasible, the response rate to the follow-up questionnaire was over 80%, there was an indication of a positive effect on self-reported toothbrushing, and interest was obtained from 80% of the schools required for the main trial. Despite partial intervention contamination between year groups, within-school randomisation at the level of the year-group was considered appropriate for the main trial, and the sample size was revised to account for partial contamination. Facilitators and barriers to recruitment and data collection were identified and strategies refined for the main trial.

Conclusions
Progression to the main trial of BRIGHT, with some design refinements, was concluded. The internal pilot was an efficient way to determine trial feasibility and optimise trial processes.

Trial registration
ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12139369, registered 10/05/2017
Second-generation antipsychotic medications and metabolic disturbance in children and adolescents
Authors: Makary Samy , Abd El Moez Khaled , Elsayed Mona , Hassan Haydy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are a group of antipsychotic drugs, used to treat psychiatric conditions. SGAs have been shown to precipitate rapid weight gain and dyslipidemia, as well as to promote insulin resistance, leading to the emergence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Prescriptions of SGAs in children have increased 6- to 10-fold during the last decade. This research work designed to find correlation between duration of second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) use, in children and adolescent, and the increase in metabolic syndrome disturbance components including weight gain, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. This is cross-sectional analytic study was carried out in Suez Canal University Hospital, Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic on Children and adolescent aged 4–17 years. It included 151 children and adolescents diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5). They were divided into two groups, 72 patients who regular on (SGA) as treated group and 79 patients who did not receive pharmacological medication as control group.

Results
The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the current study was high 27.81% in SGA-treated children compared to 0.60% in control group. In the SGA-treated group, 22.22% had type 2 diabetes, compared with 2.53% in the control group. SGA-treated patients showed a highly significant increase in their weight, body mass index and waist circumference compared to their control group patients. The correlation of different metabolic syndrome indices and SGAs duration showed positive correlation with body mass index, fasting blood sugar, and blood lipids (low density lipoproteins and cholesterol) but negative correlation with high density lipoproteins. Blood pressure did not correlate with SGA-duration in the studied patients. Indices which showed correlation could be predictors of the metabolic syndrome developments. Although the correlation and regression model showed moderate degree of association, this is considered important issue for the young patients.

Conclusion
SGA treatment in children and adolescence confers a significantly increased risk for metabolic syndrome and SGA-treatment duration is important for MtS development.
Expert system: use of CLIPS software to evaluate solar energy for residences and businesses
Authors: David Thamyres Machado , de Souza Teófilo Miguel , Rizol Paloma Maria Silva Rocha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of energy is important in all sectors, considered essential in industrial, commercial and residential activities. In view of this and the environmental problems caused by energy sources with fossil fuel origin, methods of energy production with renewable sources have been increasingly addressed. Studies that estimate the impact and evaluations of solar technologies in homes are scarce. In this sense, the applied method addresses the use of CLIPS for the development of a knowledge base for preliminary diagnosis and evaluation of solar energy for homes and businesses, thus obtaining a prototype of an expert system, the method also approaches the use of artificial intelligence with a heuristic characteristic and its target audience is people with little or no knowledge in the area, thus contributing to the social impact. As a result, the developed programming helps people with little or no knowledge about solar energy and its residential application to have access and thus verify the applicability. It is worth noting that this is the first empirical study carried out in Brazil, a country of crucial importance for the development of solar energy.
Marburg virus disease: the paradox of Nigeria’s preparedness and priority effects in co-epidemics
Authors: Reuben Rine Christopher , Abunike Sarah Adamma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The recent outbreaks of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in Guinea and Ghana have become a major public health concern not only to the West African sub-region but a threat to global health.

Main body of the abstract
Given the poorly elucidated ecological and epidemiological dynamics of the Marburg virus, it would be imprudent to preclude the possibility of another pandemic if urgent efforts are not put in place. However, the prior emergence and impact of COVID-19 and other co-occurring epidemics may add ‘noise’ to the epidemiological dynamics and public health interventions that may be required in the advent of a MVD outbreak in Nigeria.

Short conclusion
Paying attention to the lessons learned from previous (and current) multiple epidemics including Avian Influenza, Yellow fever, Ebola virus disease, Monkeypox, Lassa fever, and COVID-19 could help avoid a potentially devastating public health catastrophe in Nigeria.
Measuring the most important factors affecting the success of different logistic zones
Authors: Aboul-Atta Tarek Abdel-Latif , El-Lebody Yara Menshawy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLogistic zones play an important role in supporting global trade movements and supply chains; it also helps to achieve development in many countries of the world.Therefore, this paper aims to explore the most important affecting factors that must be available to establish successful logistic zones through quantitative analysis for184 variables at the global and site characteristics. These include many variables such as location, infrastructure, and political and economic situation. This analysis is done for 38 logistic zones different in type, size, and degree in several countries of the world using the statistical program SPSS to get the most important factors affecting it using principal component analysis test. The research also tries to find relationship between the site characteristic variables and national variables through the linear regression test. As a result, the variables were reduced to reach the most important variables of influence, as well as the strength of the relationship between national and site characteristic variables, which shows that the success of the logistic zones requires the integration of many related development sectors such as transport, infrastructure, information technology, laws, and commercial facilities at all levels.
Adverse Events Related to Tirzepatide
Authors: Mishra Rahul , Raj Rishi , Elshimy Ghada , Zapata Isain , Kannan Lakshmi , Majety Priyanka , Edem Dinesh , Correa Ricardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContextTirzepatide is a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in May 2022 for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the rates of individual adverse events (AEs) related to 3 studied doses of tirzepatide.MethodsWe performed a systematic review with meta-analysis including 5 databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science) for all clinical trials reporting AEs related to tirzepatide. The safety data from individual studies were extracted and analyzed through meta-regression to assess rates of individual AEs. Study quality assessment was performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.ResultsTen trials (6836 participants) were included. Gastrointestinal (GI) AEs were the most commonly reported AEs and were dose dependent 39% (95% CI, 35%-43%), 46% (95% CI, 42%-49%), and 49% (95% CI, 38%-60%) for the 5, 10, and 15 mg dose, respectively. Among all GI AEs, nausea and diarrhea were most frequent at any dose of tirzepatide. Drug discontinuation due to AEs was highest with the 15 mg dose of tirzepatide (10%). Incidence of mild hypoglycemia (blood glucose &lt; 70 mg/dL) was highest with tirzepatide 10 mg dose 22.6% (9.2%-39.8%). Rates of fatal AEs, severe hypoglycemia, acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis were extremely low (≤ 1%) across all doses of tirzepatide.ConclusionTirzepatide is associated with a dose-dependent increase in incidence of GI AEs and AEs leading to drug discontinuation. Severe hypoglycemia, fatal AEs, acute pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis are rare with this medication.
The ACSM American Fitness Index: Using Data to Identify Opportunities to Support Physical Activity
Authors: Zollinger Terrell W. , Ainsworth Barbara E. , Thompson Walter R. , Volpe Stella L. , Keith NiCole R. , Patch Gretchen S. , Coffing Jessica M. , Craft Lynette L. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Since 2008, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) American Fitness Index program has provided data, materials, resources, and connections to help city officials, public health professionals, and community-based organizations assess the fitness of their residents, identify opportunities to improve health outcomes, and enable physically active lifestyles. The purpose of this article was to describe the development and methods used to create the annual scores and rankings for the Fitness Index. Fitness Index indicators were originally selected by ACSM content experts and other nationally recognized fitness experts who understood the importance of community assets to improve health behaviors and outcomes. Indicator values for the 100 largest US cities were gathered from reputable, regularly updated, publicly available data sources. Indicator values for the cities were ranked, weighted, and combined into a personal health subscore, a community/environment subscore, and a total score that were then ranked from the most fit (rank 1) to least fit (rank 100) cities. Fitness Index indicators are reviewed by ACSM content experts and updated annually to ensure the Fitness Index stays true to its goal. Strengths of the Fitness Index include the use of multiple indicators related to the health and behaviors of residents as well as community assets and policies. Some data limitations for the Fitness Index include sample variability from year to year, use of self-reported survey data with well-known biases and variability, and lack of availability of important data indicators. The annual summary report suggests how these rankings and data can be translated into action within cities. Additional resources for the American Fitness Index, including an interactive tool that allows comparison of indicator values among cities, are available online.
Perforation of the superior vena cava by a tunnel-cuffed hemodialysis catheter via the right internal jugular vein in an elderly woman
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Ran Fang , Guo Yancong 
Published: January 2023

Oliguric patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) often requires an internal jugular vein or femoral venous catheter to establish vascular access for emergency hemodialysis. Puncture with catheterization (PC) of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) is relatively simple and is often the first choice for hemodialysis catheters insertion. However, complications such as bleeding and hematoma at the puncture site can occur, and in rare cases, the hemodialysis catheter (HDC) can be misplaced into the internal carotid artery, subclavian artery, subclavian vein, or even the thoracic cavity and mediastinum, leading to intractability for processing next. In this study, we report a case of an elderly female patient with AKI who underwent RIJV puncture for long-term HDC because her renal function had not recovered in the short term, and the lower end of the catheter penetrated the superior vena cava (SVC) into the mediastinum due to operator’s carelessness. We did not perform open surgery or endovascular interventions, and instead, the HDC was retained in that place for four weeks and then directly removed without surgery. The patient did not experience any problems, such as bleeding or hematoma, and has been receiving hemodialysis from femoral catheter subsequently since then.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6674
How to cite this: Li X, Ran F, Guo Y. Perforation of the superior vena cava by a tunnel-cuffed hemodialysis catheter via the right internal jugular vein in an elderly woman. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6674
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.