bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear water column stratification and euphotic depth determine the number of phytoplankton taxa that create biomass peaks in a hypertrophic oxbow lake
Authors: T-Krasznai Enikő , B-Béres Viktória , Lerf Verona , Várbíró Gábor , Abonyi András , Török Péter , Borics Gábor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mixing regime, the spatial distribution of nutrients and light determine the distribution of phytoplankton in lakes to a large extent. Linear stratification is a unique phenomenon among the various forms the lakes can stratify, representing a continuous and gradual water temperature decrease with depth. Here, we aimed to understand how mixing, nutrient and light affect the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the case of linear water column stratification using the taxonomic and functional group approaches. We sampled phytoplankton and physical and chemical variables in the Malom-Tisza oxbow lake (Hungary) monthly from May to September between 2007 and 2009. Our results revealed that multiple biomass peaks of taxa belonging to distinct phytoplankton functional groups could develop in response to the strong linear stratification of the water column. Although several different species represented the functional groups, only one or two species developed the peaks. Light irradiance did not influence the vertical distribution of biomass and taxonomic richness of phytoplankton, but the depth of the euphotic zone determined the number of distinct biomass peaks. We found that diversity indices could not reflect the phytoplankton compositional differences well in the case of linear stratification, but similarity indices calculated among water column layers.
Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome–Induced Pyroptosis via Nrf2: TBHQ Limits Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in a Mouse Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Wang Minrong , Zhang Feng , Ning Xuemei , Wu Chan , Zhou Yue , Gou Zhixian , Fan Yang , Duan Rongrong , Li Zhongni , Shao Chunyan , Lu Liqun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nuclear factor e2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in cellular resistance to oxidative stress injury. Oxidative stress injury, caused by Nrf2 imbalance, results in increased pyroptosis, DNA damage, and inflammatory activation, which may lead to the arrest of alveolar development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants under hyperoxic conditions. We established a BPD mouse model to investigate the effects of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), an Nrf2 activator, on oxidative stress injury, pyroptosis, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and alveolar development. TBHQ reduced abnormal cell death in the lung tissue of BPD mice and restored the number and normal structure of the alveoli. TBHQ administration activated the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway, resulting in the decrease in the following: reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and IL-18 and IL-1β expression and activation, as well as inhibition of pyroptosis. In contrast, after Nrf2 gene knockout in BPD mice, there was more severe oxidative stress injury and cell death in the lungs, there were TUNEL + and NLRP3 + co-positive cells in the alveoli, the pyroptosis was significantly increased, and the development of alveoli was significantly blocked. We demonstrated that TBHQ may promote alveolar development by enhancing Nrf2-induced antioxidation in the lung tissue of BPD mice and that the decrease in the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis caused by Nrf2 activation may be the underlying mechanism. These results suggest that TBHQ is a promising treatment for lung injury in premature infants with hyperoxia.
The Fermi energy as common parameter to describe charge compensation mechanisms: A path to Fermi level engineering of oxide electroceramics
Authors: Klein Andreas , Albe Karsten , Bein Nicole , Clemens Oliver , Creutz Kim Alexander , Erhart Paul , Frericks Markus , Ghorbani Elaheh , Hofmann Jan Philipp , Huang Binxiang , Kaiser Bernhard , Kolb Ute , Koruza Jurij , Kübel Christian , Lohaus Katharina N. S. , Rödel Jürgen , Rohrer Jochen , Rheinheimer Wolfgang , De Souza Roger A. , Streibel Verena , Weidenkaff Anke , Widenmeyer Marc , Xu Bai-Xiang , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChemical substitution, which can be iso- or heterovalent, is the primary strategy to tailor material properties. There are various ways how a material can react to substitution. Isovalent substitution changes the density of states while heterovalent substitution, i.e. doping, can induce electronic compensation, ionic compensation, valence changes of cations or anions, or result in the segregation or neutralization of the dopant. While all these can, in principle, occur simultaneously, it is often desirable to select a certain mechanism in order to determine material properties. Being able to predict and control the individual compensation mechanism should therefore be a key target of materials science. This contribution outlines the perspective that this could be achieved by taking the Fermi energy as a common descriptor for the different compensation mechanisms. This generalization becomes possible since the formation enthalpies of the defects involved in the various compensation mechanisms do all depend on the Fermi energy. In order to control material properties, it is then necessary to adjust the formation enthalpies and charge transition levels of the involved defects. Understanding how these depend on material composition will open up a new path for the design of materials by Fermi level engineering.
Does land-use and land cover affect vector-borne diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ferraguti Martina , Magallanes Sergio , Suarez-Rubio Marcela , Bates Paul J. J. , Marzal Alfonso , Renner Swen C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContextVector-borne diseases (VBD) are a worldwide public health problem for humans and wildlife. 'Global Change' such as habitat alteration and land-use intensification, biotic exchange, the introduction of invasive alien species, and climate change have all been linked to an increased occurrence of VBDs.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of land-use and land-cover (LULC) on the transmission of VBDs, we conducted a systematic review of the existing literature on the global effects of land use on VBDs. This was followed by a meta-analysis to test the relationship between LULC intensification and infection prevalence.MethodsOverall, 654 articles met our inclusion criteria for the systematic literature review, and 18 studies fulfilled the requirements for the meta-analysis.ResultsThe systematic literature review identified 162 articles with a total of 2541 data entries on the effect of LULC on VBDs. The majority of the studies were published after 2010, and the spatial distribution of data was biased towards North America and Europe. Overall, 193 different hosts and 144 different vector groups were identified. Avian and human malaria were the most frequently named diseases, with humans andAnophelesmosquitoes the most common host and vector, respectively. Our meta-analysis found that land-use intensity, as well as targets (host and vector), significantly impact the prevalence of VBDs. Tests for both residual heterogeneity and moderators were significant, where lower land-use intensity and vectors were linked to lower VBD prevalence, while medium land-use intensity was associated with higher prevalence. Analysis of the host sub-model supported these findings, with infection prevalence significantly lower in low land-use intensity.ConclusionsThe systematic literature review revealed a temporal increase in publications on this topic, with a significant rise since 2007 and uneven distribution of data across countries, with the United States, Spain, and Brazil being the most prominent contributors and identified a wide range of pathogens and hosts involved in VBD systems, with human and avian malaria being the most commonly mentioned diseases. We also show, through a meta-analysis, that LULC intensification affects VBDs infection prevalence. Future studies should incorporate the effects of land-use intensity on vector-borne diseases in diverse ecosystems to inform management strategies and mitigate disease emergence with implications for human, livestock and wildlife health.
On the quaternion Julia sets via Picard–Mann iteration
Authors: Gdawiec Krzysztof , Fariello Ricardo , dos Santos Yan G. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, an extensive study on the use of various iteration schemes from fixed point theory for the generation of Mandelbrot and Julia sets in complex space has been carried out. In this work, inspired by these progresses, we study the use of the Picard–Mann iteration scheme for the Julia sets in the quaternion space. Specifically, in our study, we prove the escape criterion of the Picard–Mann orbit and examine the symmetry of the Julia set for the quadratic function. Moreover, we present and discuss some 2D and 3D graphical examples of the sets generated using the Picard–Mann iteration scheme. We further analyse the influence of a parameter of interest used in the Picard–Mann iteration scheme on the average number of iterations for 2D cross sections of quaternion Julia sets of different degrees.
Predicer: abstract stochastic optimisation model framework for multi-market operation
Authors: Pursiheimo Esa , Sundell Dennis , Kiviluoma Juha , Hankimaa Helmi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn open-source modelling framework Predicer, standing for Predictive Decider, for multi-market day-ahead market operation purposes is described in this paper. The Predicer model uses scenario-based stochastic optimisation to obtain decision variables and bid matrixes for energy and reserve markets by maximising the risk-adjusted expected value of the profit during the model time frame. The modelled energy system structure is abstract, that is, based on basic elements such as nodes representing different energy types and processes representing flows between nodes. The abstract model structure enables user to construct arbitrary energy systems and define links between assets, commodities, energy markets and reserve markets. Predicer model can include properties such as unit ramp rates, online units, dynamic energy storages, market realisation and market bidding requirements. The aggregation of unit-based energy and reserve opportunities into a virtual power plant allows the asset owner to make optimized portfolio-level bids for different market products. The model scenarios consist of user defined forecasts for market prices, renewable energy supply, energy demand and other system related time series. Predicer is implemented in Julia programming language and uses the JuMP optimisation package.
Social sciences in crisis: on the proposed elimination of the discussion section
Authors: Schoenegger Philipp , Pils Raimund 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe social sciences are facing numerous crises including those related to replication, theory, and applicability. We highlight that these crises imply epistemic malfunctions and affect science communication negatively. Several potential solutions have already been proposed, ranging from statistical improvements to changes in norms of scientific conduct. In this paper, we propose a structural solution: the elimination of the discussion section from social science research papers. We point out that discussion sections allow for an inappropriate narrativization of research that disguises actual results and enables the misstatement of true limitations. We go on to claim that removing this section and outsourcing it to other publications provides several epistemic advantages such as a division of academic labour, adversarial modes of progress, and a better alignment of the personal aims of scientists with the aims of science. After responding to several objections, we conclude that the potential benefits of moving away from the traditional model of academic papers outweigh the costs and have the potential to play a part in addressing the crises in the social sciences alongside other reforms. As such, we take our paper as proffering a further potential solution that should be applied complimentarily with other reform movements such as Open Science and hope that our paper can start a debate on this or similar proposals.
Functional urban ground-cover plants: identifying traits that promote rainwater retention and dissipation
Authors: Nur Hannah Ismail Siti , Stovin Virginia , Cameron Ross W. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban vegetation can influence urban hydrology and reduce the risk of flooding. Urban forestry studies have suggested that tree type and species choice affect the amount of rainwater intercepted and retained. Little information exists, however, for other landscape typologies, and the sorts of ground-cover plants that are best used to retain/detain rainwater during storm events. This is important as many urban spaces are too small to facilitate trees, but can accommodate roadside vegetation, buffer strips, rain gardens, green roofs and stormwater planters. Thus, this research aimed to determine how choice of ground-cover taxa affected rainwater interception and retention. Six model species with contrasting leaf morphologies were used to determine how well rainwater was intercepted, but also dissipated through evapotranspiration (ET). A pot-based system was used to determine how plant water balance changed during late summer in the UK, with the aim to understand how leaf traits affected hydrological processes. Plant choice was important, with fine-leaved taxa,Festuca glaucaandDianthus‘Haytor White’ showing best rainwater interception andFestucademonstrating highest rates of dissipation from the substrate. Overall, compared to non-planted pots, those with plants present were more effective at capturing water (by 2.3–3.0x), and evapo-transpiring water (by 2.5-4.0x). Results indicate that ground cover vegetation has potential to aid urban water management in those localities where space is limited for trees. Plant choice and community-structure should be considered, especially when there is a desire to dry out soil/substrate quickly and restore maximum soil moisture holding capacity.
First report of Sarcocystis halieti (Apicomplexa) in bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)
Authors: Prakas Petras , Estruch Josep , Velarde Roser , Ilgūnas Mikas , Šneideris Donatas , Nicolás-Francisco Olga , Marco Ignasi , Calero-Bernal Rafael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt least three Sarcocystis species (S. falcatula, S. halieti and S. wobeseri–like) have been detected infecting raptorial birds. By histopathology and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1 marker, S. halieti was detected in a bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) and a black kite (Milvus migrans) from the Catalonia region in North Spain. The 241 bp-long sequences obtained from the Sarcocystis organisms detected in both raptors showed 97.5–99.6% and 97.9–100% similarity with those of previously identified S. halieti; also, the phylogenetic trees generated placed the identified sequences together with other sequences of S. halieti available in GenBank. In sum, the description of the bearded vulture as a new intermediate host for S. halieti adds new insights on the complex epidemiology of the genus involving avian hosts.
An Update on Temporal Bone Paragangliomas
Authors: Zhong Shixun , Zuo Wenqi 
Published: August 2023

Opinion statementTemporal bone paragangliomas (TBPs) are indolent, classically benign and highly vascular neoplasms of the temporal bone. There are two types of TBPs, tympanomastoid paragangliomas (TMPs) and tympanojugular paragangliomas (TJPs). The most common symptoms are hearing loss and pulsatile tinnitus. Diagnostic workup, besides conventional physical and laboratory examinations, includes biochemical testing of catecholamine and genetic testing of SDHx gene mutations as well as radiological examination. Although surgery is traditionally the mainstay of treatment, it is challenging due to the close proximity of tumor to critical neurovascular structures and thus the high risk of complications, especially in patients with advanced lesions. Radiotherapy and active surveillance have been increasingly recommended for selected patients. Decision on treatment should be made comprehensively. Curative effect depends on various factors. Long-term follow-up with clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations is essential for all patients.
SEOM SOGUG clinical guideline for treatment of kidney cancer (2022)
Authors: Méndez-Vidal María José , Lázaro Quintela Martin , Lainez-Milagro Nuria , Perez-Valderrama Begoña , Suárez Rodriguez Cristina , Arranz Arija José Ángel , Peláez Fernández Ignacio , Gallardo Díaz Enrique , Lambea Sorrosal Julio , González-del-Alba Aránzazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRenal cancer is the seventh most common cancer in men and the tenth in women. The aim of this article is to review the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of renal carcinoma accompanied by recommendations with new evidence and treatment algorithms. A new pathologic classification of RCC by the World Health Organization (WHO) was published in 2022 and this classification would be considered a “bridge” to a future molecular classification. For patients with localized disease, surgery is the treatment of choice with nephron-sparing surgery recommended when feasible. Adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab is an option for intermediate-or high-risk cases, as well as patients after complete resection of metastatic disease. More data are needed in the future, including positive overall survival data. Clinical prognostic classification, preferably IMDC, should be used for treatment decision making in mRCC. Cytoreductive nephrectomy should not be deemed mandatory in individuals with intermediate-poor IMDC/MSKCC risk who require systemic therapy. Metastasectomy can be contemplated in selected subjects with a limited number of metastases or long metachronous disease-free interval. For the population of patients with metastatic ccRCC as a whole, the combination of pembrolizumab–axitinib, nivolumab–cabozantinib, or pembrolizumab–lenvatinib can be considered as the first option based on the benefit obtained in OS versus sunitinib. In cases that have an intermediate IMDC and poor prognosis, the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab has demonstrated superior OS compared to sunitinib. As for individuals with advanced RCC previously treated with one or two antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, nivolumab and cabozantinib are the options of choice. When there is progression following initial immunotherapy-based treatment, we recommend treatment with an antiangiogenic tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. While no clear sequence can be advocated, medical oncologists and patients should be aware of the recent advances and new strategies that improve survival and quality of life in the setting of metastatic RC.
Ionospheric scintillation characteristics over Indian region from latitudinally-aligned geodetic GPS observations
Authors: Panda Sampad Kumar , Moses Mefe , Ansari Kutubuddin , Walo Janusz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIonospheric scintillations pose one of the biggest threats to Satellite-Earth communication links in the communication and navigation systems services whose occurrence characteristics could be explained through the strength of fading (amplitude scintillation index; S4) and the rapidity of the fades (decorrelation time; 𝜏0). In the present work, we analyzed the S4 index from a latitudinal array of three geodetic global positioning system (GPS) stations along the Indian longitude sector during the descending phase of the 24th solar cycle. The results show predominant occurrences of scintillations during the post-sunset and nighttime periods indicating the level of scintillations close to equatorial, beyond anomaly crest, and near mid-latitude locations. The strong amplitude scintillations during 2014 and 2015 and their lowest magnitudes during 2016 and 2017 reflect the solar activity dependence of the scintillation occurrences. The directional distribution and 2-dimensional surface sky plots of the S4 index substantiate the occurrence of intense scintillation being more prevalent towards the equatorial location, whereas the weak and moderate scintillations are perceived towards the higher low latitude stations. The occurrences of intense scintillations are confirmed in high solar active years and equinox season at all stations, while the equatorial station presents relatively higher occurrences in winter followed by summer. The summer season witnessed intense occurrences even under moderate to low solar activity years (2016–2017), reflecting the post-midnight occurrences due to meridional thermospheric winds. Moreover, maximum percentage occurrences of weak scintillations in all seasons are evident towards the poleward side, far away from the anomaly crest. The amplitude scintillation frequency during the period is further compared with the solar and geomagnetic indices to substantiate the analysis drawn from the variations. The correlation coefficients between the scintillation index occurrence rate with the solar and geomagnetic in-dices at three GNSS stations provide valuable insights into the relationship between solar activity and scintillation. The results show that the strength and direction of the correlation can vary significantly depending on the specific solar index and location. Thus, emphasize further studies on scintillation occurrences for developing effective forecasting and mitigation models over the Indian low-latitude region.
Challenges for Cyber Arms Control: A Qualitative Expert Interview Study
Authors: Reinhold Thomas , Pleil Helene , Reuter Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe militarization of cyberspace has been a topic in international fora and scientific debates for several years. However, the development of applicable, and verifiable arms control measures that can effectively reduce the risk of military escalations in cyberspace is still hindered by the characteristics of this domain. The article analyses challenges and obstacles of dual-use, proliferation, constant technological progress, the importance of the private sector, difficulties in defining and verifying weapons and difficulties in attributing attacks.
Conjunct application of machine learning and game theory in groundwater quality mapping
Authors: Khiavi Ali Nasiri , Tavoosi Mohammad , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGroundwater quality (GWQ) monitoring is one of the best environmental objectives due to recent droughts and urban and rural development. Therefore, this study aimed to map GWQ in the central plateau of Iran by validating machine learning algorithms (MLAs) using game theory (GT). On this basis, chemical parameters related to water quality, including K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, pH, TDS, and EC, were interpolated at 39 sampling sites. Then, the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithms were used in the Python programming language, and the map was plotted concerning GWQ. Borda scoring was used to validate the MLAs, and 39 sample points were prioritized. Based on the results, among the ML algorithms, the RF algorithm with error statistics MAE = 0.261, MSE = 0.111, RMSE = 0.333, and AUC = 0.930 was selected as the most optimal algorithm. Based on the GWQ map created with the RF algorithm, 42.71% of the studied area was in poor condition. The proportion of this region in the classes with moderate and high GWQ was 18.93% and 38.36%, respectively. The results related to the prioritization of sampling sites with the GT algorithm showed a great similarity between the results of this algorithm and the RF model. In addition, the analysis of the chemical condition of critical and non-critical points based on the results of RF and GT showed that the chemical aspects, carbonate balance, and salinity at critical points were in poor condition. In general, it can be said that the simultaneous use of MLA and GT provides a good basis for constructing the GWQ map in the central plateau of Iran.