bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of wire-electric discharge machining process parameters on surface integrity of Ni-rich Ni-Ti-Hf alloys
Authors: V Balaji , S Narendranath 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ni-Ti-Hf Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have shown promising results in high-temperature applications in aviation, space and energy exploration, actuators, etc. In the past decade, extensive work has been carried out to understand the behavior of High-Temperature SMAs (HTSMAs). NiTi-based SMAs are grouped as hard-to-machine materials, and machining these materials through traditional methods leads to high tool wear, dimensional inaccuracy, degradation of Shape Memory properties, etc. Therefore, Non-Conventional machining processes are a better choice for machining these alloys. It is evident from previous studies that Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) yields better results compared to other processes. The current study investigates the effect of WEDM input variables such as servo gap voltage (SV), spark-ON duration (TON), wire electrode feed rate (WF), and spark-OFF duration (TOFF) on the machining of Ni-Ti-Hf HTMSAs. The surface integrity of the machined samples was analyzed by investigating characteristics like machined surface morphology, machined surface quality, subsurface microhardness, and recast layer thickness. TON emerged as the most critical parameter for surface roughness and Material Removal Rate. Various defects like micro-cracks, micro-pores, craters, and globules were found on the machined surfaces, and approximately 30% harder surface was found near the machined region. The average thickness of the recast layer observed for Hf-15 and Hf-20 samples was around 12 μm and 50 μm for samples with lower and higher discharge energies, respectively.
Does Concomitant Umbilical Hernia Repair Increase the Risk of Complications in Abdominoplasty? A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: McCarty Justin C , Lorenzi-Mendez Roberto , Fruge Seth , Hamaguchi Ryoko , Colwell Amy S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients seeking cosmetic abdominoplasty often have umbilical hernias. Optimal management and safety of concomitant umbilical hernia repair with abdominoplasty is not well described.

Objectives
The goal of this study was to compare complication rates following abdominoplasty with or without umbilical hernia repair.

Methods
A retrospective propensity score matched cohort study of patients who underwent an abdominoplasty at Massachusetts General Hospital was performed. Direct umbilical hernia repair was performed by making a fascial slit inferior or superior to the umbilical stalk. The fascial edges were approximated with up to three 0-Ethibond sutures (Ethicon, Raritan, NJ) from the preperitoneal or peritoneal space. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounding variables.

Results
The authors identified 231 patients with a mean [standard deviation] age of 46.7 [9.7] years and a mean BMI of 25.9 [4.4] kg/m2. Nine (3.9%) had diabetes, 8 (3.5%) were active smokers, and the median number of previous pregnancies was 2. In total, 223 (96%) had a traditional abdominoplasty, whereas 8 (3.5%) underwent a fleur-de-lys approach. Liposuction was performed on 90%, and 45.4% underwent simultaneous breast or body contouring surgery. The overall complication rate was 6.9%. Propensity scores matched 61 pairs in each group (n = 122) with closely aligned covariates. There was no significant difference in total complication rates between abdominoplasty alone vs abdominoplasty with hernia repair. There were no cases of skin necrosis or umbilical necrosis in either group.

Conclusions
Performing umbilical hernia repair with abdominoplasty is safe when utilizing the technique reported in this series.

Level of Evidence: 3
Predicting chromosomal compartments directly from the nucleotide sequence with DNA-DDA
Authors: Lainscsek Xenia , Taher Leila 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture is characterized by multi-scale patterns and plays an essential role in gene regulation. Chromatin conformation capturing experiments have revealed many properties underlying 3D genome architecture, such as the compartmentalization of chromatin based on transcriptional states. However, they are complex, costly and time consuming, and therefore only a limited number of cell types have been examined using these techniques. Increasing effort is being directed towards deriving computational methods that can predict chromatin conformation and associated structures. Here we present DNA-delay differential analysis (DDA), a purely sequence-based method based on chaos theory to predict genome-wide A and B compartments. We show that DNA-DDA models derived from a 20 Mb sequence are sufficient to predict genome wide compartmentalization at the scale of 100 kb in four different cell types. Although this is a proof-of-concept study, our method shows promise in elucidating the mechanisms responsible for genome folding as well as modeling the impact of genetic variation on 3D genome architecture and the processes regulated thereby.
Memory reactivation and suppression modulate integration of the semantic features of related memories in hippocampus
Authors: Morton Neal W , Zippi Ellen L , Preston Alison R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Encoding an event that overlaps with a previous experience may involve reactivating an existing memory and integrating it with new information or suppressing the existing memory to promote formation of a distinct, new representation. We used fMRI during overlapping event encoding to track reactivation and suppression of individual, related memories. We further used a model of semantic knowledge based on Wikipedia to quantify both reactivation of semantic knowledge related to a previous event and formation of integrated memories containing semantic features of both events. Representational similarity analysis revealed that reactivation of semantic knowledge related to a prior event in posterior medial prefrontal cortex (pmPFC) supported memory integration during new learning. Moreover, anterior hippocampus (aHPC) formed integrated representations combining the semantic features of overlapping events. We further found evidence that aHPC integration may be modulated on a trial-by-trial basis by interactions between ventrolateral PFC and anterior mPFC, with suppression of item-specific memory representations in anterior mPFC inhibiting hippocampal integration. These results suggest that PFC-mediated control processes determine the availability of specific relevant memories during new learning, thus impacting hippocampal memory integration.
Expansive linguistic representations to predict interpretable odor mixture discriminability
Authors: Dhurandhar Amit , Li Hongyang , Cecchi Guillermo A , Meyer Pablo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Language is often thought as being poorly adapted to precisely describe or quantify smell and olfactory attributes. In this work, we show that semantic descriptors of odors can be implemented in a model to successfully predict odor mixture discriminability, an olfactory attribute. We achieved this by taking advantage of the structure-to-percept model we previously developed for monomolecular odorants, using chemical descriptors to predict pleasantness, intensity and 19 semantic descriptors such as “fish,” “cold,” “burnt,” “garlic,” “grass,” and “sweet” for odor mixtures, followed by a metric learning to obtain odor mixture discriminability. Through this expansion of the representation of olfactory mixtures, our Semantic model outperforms state of the art methods by taking advantage of the intermediary semantic representations learned from human perception data to enhance and generalize the odor discriminability/similarity predictions. As 10 of the semantic descriptors were selected to predict discriminability/similarity, our approach meets the need of rapidly obtaining interpretable attributes of odor mixtures as illustrated by the difficulty of finding olfactory metamers. More fundamentally, it also shows that language can be used to establish a metric of discriminability in the everyday olfactory space.
Radiation nephropathy is associated with a glomerular thrombotic microangiopathy and progression to end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Bertoni Isabela , Soares Maria F , Roberts Ian S D , Connor Thomas 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTRadiation nephropathy is a rare complication following total body irradiation (TBI) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Yttrium 90-DOTATOC (Y90) is a somatostatin analogue labelled with Y90 used for somatostatin-positive neuroendocrine tumours. Y90 is renally excreted and has a cumulative effect in the renal parenchyma Despite fractionation and co-administration of renoprotective intravenous amino acids, targeted radionuclide therapy can still be nephrotoxic. Rising adoption of PRRT has led to the re-emergence of radiation nephropathy. We report on three recent cases of insidious onset of progressive kidney dysfunction and biopsy-proven thrombotic microangiopathy following PRRT and TBI.
Animal Tricksters from Japanese Folktales in Angela Carter’s Work
Authors: Cardi Luciana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores the role of Japanese folktales in Angela Carter’s oeuvre, focusing especially on the figure of the Japanese fox trickster that appears in Fireworks, Love, and The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman. In these works, the shape-shifting body of the East-Asian fox becomes a site of conflict between contrasting categories (male/female, European/Asian, human/animal) and mirrors the process by which the characters are turned into commodified, fictionalized representations of gender and race. The trickster’s ability to shift across the animal–human border also provides Carter with a narrative device to interrogate the cultural boundaries that define both sexuality and humanity (as opposed to bestiality)—a topic that prefigures her critique of patriarchal and anthropocentric hierarchies in The Bloody Chamber.
Red meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Wenming , Huang Xin , Schooling C Mary , Zhao Jie V 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsObservational studies show inconsistent associations of red meat consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Moreover, red meat consumption varies by sex and setting, however, whether the associations vary by sex and setting remains unclear.Methods and resultsThis systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the evidence concerning the associations of unprocessed and processed red meat consumption with CVD and its subtypes [coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure], type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess differences by sex and setting (western vs. eastern, categorized based on dietary pattern and geographic region). Two researchers independently screened studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published by 30 June 2022. Forty-three observational studies (N = 4 462 810, 61.7% women) for CVD and 27 observational studies (N = 1 760 774, 64.4% women) for diabetes were included. Red meat consumption was positively associated with CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.16 for unprocessed red meat (per 100 g/day increment); 1.26, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.35 for processed red meat (per 50 g/day increment)], CVD subtypes, T2DM, and GDM. The associations with stroke and T2DM were higher in western settings, with no difference by sex.ConclusionUnprocessed and processed red meat consumption are both associated with higher risk of CVD, CVD subtypes, and diabetes, with a stronger association in western settings but no sex difference. Better understanding of the mechanisms is needed to facilitate improving cardiometabolic and planetary health.
Assessing European national health information systems in peer review format: lessons learnt
Authors: Bogaert Petronille , Verschuuren Marieke , Abboud Linda , Lyshol Heidi , Schmidt Andrea E , Van Oyen Herman , van Oers Hans 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Systematic assessments of a country’s health information system (HIS) help identify strengths and weaknesses and may stimulate actions for improvement. They represent a capacity-building process for the country assessed as well as for the assessor. The joint action on HISs (InfAct) developed a peer-to-peer assessment methodology adapting an established WHO support tool. The aim of this study is to identify lessons learnt and the added value of the InfAct peer assessment for the assessors.

Methods
A qualitative evaluation of the peer HIS assessment was performed based on 12 semi-structured interviews: nine interviews were carried out with assessors from nine participating countries, and three with an observer (present during assessments). The interviews were carried out between May 2019 and January 2020. Interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The interviews revealed the experiences of the assessors mainly occurred in five areas: assessors strengthened their understanding of what a population-based HIS is; they strengthened their understanding of how a HIS operates in different countries; they learnt how to carry out a HIS assessment; they strengthened their organization, communication, negotiation and reporting skills and they strengthened the networks in health information within and between countries.

Conclusion
Since the assessors are key personnel in their respective national health systems, the impact of the assessment is not limited to the assessor alone but may extend to stakeholders in their country. The deployment of the InfAct HIS peer assessment, anchored in systematic HIS capacity building across European countries, is recommended.
Assessing the availability and quality of COVID-19 mortality data in Europe: a comparative analysis
Authors: Marinković Ivan , Tramošljanin Ana , Galjak Marko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Researching mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging due to methodological inconsistencies and the limited availability of vital statistics data. At the beginning of the pandemic, the World Health Organization recommended daily data publication to inform policy response, but these data were often poor. Final data on COVID-19 deaths in many countries are not yet available, especially for 2021. This report shows that many countries have significant inconsistencies between the preliminary number of deaths and what vital statistics and excess mortality indicate. The inconsistencies in the mortality data raise concerns about the reliability of analyses and public health recommendations.
Spatial and temporal variability of 21st century sea level changes
Authors: Roffman Jeremy , Gomez Natalya , Yousefi Maryam , Han Holly Kyeore , Nowicki Sophie 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
Mass loss from polar ice sheets is becoming the dominant contributor to current sea level changes, as well as one of the largest sources of uncertainty in sea level projections. The spatial pattern of sea level change is sensitive to the geometry of ice sheet mass changes, and local sea level changes can deviate from the global mean sea level change due to gravitational, Earth rotational and deformational (GRD) effects. The pattern of GRD sea level change associated with the melting of an ice sheet is often considered to remain relatively constant in time outside the vicinity of the ice sheet. For example, in the sea level projections from the most recent IPCC sixth assessment report (AR6), the geometry of ice sheet mass loss was treated as constant during the 21st century. However, ice sheet simulations predict that the geometry of ice mass changes across a given ice sheet and the relative mass loss from each ice sheet will vary during the coming century, producing patters of global sea level changes that are spatiotemporally variable. We adopt a sea level model that includes GRD effects and shoreline migration to calculate time-varying sea level patterns associated with projections of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets during the coming century. We find that in some cases, sea level changes can be substantially amplified above the global mean early in the century, with this amplification diminishing by 2100. We explain these differences by calculating the contributions of Earth rotation as well as gravitational and deformational effects to the projected sea level changes separately. We find in one case, for example, that ice gain on the Antarctic Peninsula can cause an amplification of up to 2.9 times the global mean sea level equivalent along South American coastlines due to positive interference of GRD effects. To explore the uncertainty introduced by differences in predicted ice mass geometry, we predict the sea level changes following end-member mass loss scenarios for various regions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from the ISMIP6 model ensemblely, and find that sea level amplification above the global mean sea level equivalent differ by up to 1.9 times between different ice mass projections along global coastlines outside of Greenland and Antarctica. This work suggests that assessments of future sea level hazard should consider not only the integrated mass changes of ice sheets, but also temporal variations in the geometry of the ice mass changes across the ice sheets. As well, this study highlights the importance of constraining the relative timing of ice mass changes between the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets.
Deletion of Endogenous Neuregulin-4 Limits Adaptive Immunity During Interleukin-10 Receptor–Neutralizing Colitis
Authors: Bernard Jessica K , Bucar Edie B , Liu Cambrian Y , Katada Kay , Washington Mary K , Schumacher Michael A , Frey Mark R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Growth factors are essential for maintenance of intestinal health. We previously showed that exogenous neuregulin-4 (NRG4) promotes colonocyte survival during cytokine challenge and is protective against acute models of intestinal inflammation. However, the function(s) of endogenous NRG4 are not well understood. Using NRG4-/- mice, we tested the role of endogenous NRG4 in models of colitis skewed toward either adaptive (interleukin-10 receptor [IL-10R] neutralization) or innate (dextran sulfate sodium [DSS]) immune responses.

Methods
NRG4-/- and wild-type cage mate mice were subjected to chronic IL-10R neutralization colitis and acute DSS colitis. Disease was assessed by histological examination, inflammatory cytokine levels, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, and single cell mass cytometry immune cell profiling. Homeostatic gene alterations were evaluated by RNA sequencing analysis from colonic homogenates, with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmation in both tissue and isolated epithelium.

Results
During IL-10R neutralization colitis, NRG4-/- mice had reduced colonic inflammatory cytokine expression, histological damage, and colonic CD8+ T cell numbers vs wild-type cage mates. Conversely, in DSS colitis, NRG4-/- mice had elevated cytokine expression, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, and impaired weight recovery. RNA sequencing showed a loss of St3gal4, a sialyltransferase involved in immune cell trafficking, in NRG4-null colons, which was verified in both tissue and isolated epithelium. The regulation of St3gal4 by NRG4 was confirmed with ex vivo epithelial colon organoid cultures from NRG4-/- mice and by induction of St3gal4 in vivo following NRG4 treatment.

Conclusions
NRG4 regulates colonic epithelial ST3GAL4 and thus may allow for robust recruitment of CD8+ T cells during adaptive immune responses in colitis. On the other hand, NRG4 loss exacerbates injury driven by innate immune responses.
Pheromone Perception in Fish: Mechanisms and Modulation by Internal Status
Authors: Bowers Jessica M , Li Cheng-Yu , Parker Coltan G , Westbrook Molly E , Juntti Scott A 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Pheromones are chemical signals that facilitate communication between animals, and most animals use pheromones for reproduction and other forms of social behavior. The identification of key ligands and olfactory receptors used for pheromonal communication provides insight into the sensory processing of these important cues. An individual’s responses to pheromones can be plastic, as physiological status modulates behavioral outputs. In this review, we outline the mechanisms for pheromone sensation and highlight physiological mechanisms that modify pheromone-guided behavior. We focus on hormones, which regulate pheromonal communication across vertebrates including fish, amphibians, and rodents. This regulation may occur in peripheral olfactory organs and the brain, but the mechanisms remain unclear. While this review centers on research in fish, we will discuss other systems to provide insight into how hormonal mechanisms function across taxa.
The Impact of Whole Genome Duplication on the Evolution of the Arachnids
Authors: Sharma Prashant P 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
The proliferation of genomic resources for Chelicerata in the past 10 years has revealed that the evolution of chelicerate genomes is more dynamic than previously thought, with multiple waves of ancient whole genome duplications affecting separate lineages. Such duplication events are fascinating from the perspective of evolutionary history because the burst of new gene copies associated with genome duplications facilitates the acquisition of new gene functions (neofunctionalization), which may in turn lead to morphological novelties and spur net diversification. While neofunctionalization has been invoked in several contexts with respect to the success and diversity of spiders, the overall impact of whole genome duplications on chelicerate evolution and development remains imperfectly understood. The purpose of this review is to examine critically the role of whole genome duplication on the diversification of the extant arachnid orders, as well as assess functional datasets for evidence of subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization in chelicerates. This examination focuses on functional data from two focal model taxa: the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, which exhibits evidence for an ancient duplication, and the harvestman Phalangium opilio, which exhibits an unduplicated genome. I show that there is no evidence that taxa with genome duplications are more successful than taxa with unduplicated genomes. I contend that evidence for sub- or neofunctionalization of duplicated developmental patterning genes in spiders is indirect or fragmentary at present, despite the appeal of this postulate for explaining the success of groups like spiders. Available expression data suggest that the condition of duplicated Hox modules may have played a role in promoting body plan disparity in the posterior tagma of some orders, such as spiders and scorpions, but functional data substantiating this postulate are critically missing. Spatiotemporal dynamics of duplicated transcription factors in spiders may represent cases of developmental system drift, rather than neofunctionalization. Developmental system drift may represent an important, but overlooked, null hypothesis for studies of paralogs in chelicerate developmental biology. To distinguish between subfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, and developmental system drift, concomitant establishment of comparative functional datasets from taxa exhibiting the genome duplication, as well as those that lack the paralogy, is sorely needed.