bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A strategy to reduce the false‐positive rate after low‐dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Zheng , Tan Fengwei , Xie Yaozeng , Tang Wei , Wang Fei , Xu Yongjie , Cao Wei , Qin Chao , Dong Xuesi , Zheng Yadi , Luo Zilin , Wang Chenran , Zhao Liang , Xia Changfa , Li Jiang , Li Renda , Feng Feiyue , Li Jibin , Ren Jiansong , Shi Jufang , Cui Hong , Shen Sipeng , Wu Ning , Chen Wanqing , Li Ni , He Jie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ability of lung cancer screening to manage pulmonary nodules was limited because of the high false‐positive rate in the current mainstream screening method, low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT). We aimed to reduce overdiagnosis in Chinese population.MethodsLung cancer risk prediction models were constructed using data from a population‐based cohort in China. Independent clinical data from two programs performed in Beijing and Shandong, respectively, were used as the external validation set. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of lung cancer incidence in the whole population and in smokers and nonsmokers.ResultsIn our cohort, 1,016,740 participants were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Of 79,581 who received LDCT screening, 5165 participants with suspected pulmonary nodules were allocated into the training set, of which, 149 lung cancer cases were diagnosed. In the validation set, 1815 patients were included, and 800 developed lung cancer. The ages of patients and radiologic factors of nodules (calcification, density, mean diameter, edge, and pleural involvement) were included in our model. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the model were 0.868 (95% CI: 0.839–0.894) in the training set and 0.751 (95% CI: 0.727–0.774) in the validation set. The sensitivity and specificity were 70.5% and 70.9%, respectively, which could reduce the 68.8% false‐positive rate in simulated LDCT screening. There was no substantial difference between smokers' and nonsmokers' prediction models.ConclusionOur models could facilitate the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary nodules, effectively reducing the false‐positive rate of LDCT for lung cancer screening.
Narrative therapy with children: A qualitative interview study with Danish therapists about the application of narrative practices
Authors: Jørgensen Caroline B. , Behrmann Julie T. , Blaabjerg Julie , Pettersen Kristin A. , Jensen de López Kristine M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTherapists' insights into practising narrative therapy (NT) with children can elucidate the strengths and challenges associated with this practice.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate how therapists experience the application of NT with children.MethodNine Danish narrative therapists working with children participated in semi‐structured qualitative interviews. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis.ResultsThree overall themes were identified; “you have to be crazy about children,” “practised ethics” and “practical challenges.” Two subthemes were generated: “acting is the key” and “the importance of the system surrounding the child.”ConclusionThe narrative therapists experienced NT as applicable for children due to its potential to facilitate a safe place that integrates the child's current stage of development. NT does not serve to “fit” the child but should be perceived as a practised ethic. Therapists accentuated challenges working with NT, specifically related to outsider‐witnessing and staying in a decentred position. The results are discussed regarding their contribution to the evolvement of the narrative therapy profession and to the training and supervision of novice practitioners.
Characterization of four commercial waxy wheats developed in China
Authors: Gu Zhonghua , Li Xiaojun , Zhao Renyong , Feng Junwei , Jiang Hongxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAs the interest in use of waxy wheat in food applications continues to grow, it is important to fully understand characteristics of waxy wheats. To the best of our knowledge, there was no previous study reporting a complete characterization of commercial waxy wheats developed in China, especially properties of wheat kernels, dough, wet milling, gluten, and starch. To promote the industrial utilization of waxy wheat, four Chinese commercial waxy wheats were collected and characterized.FindingsFour commercial waxy wheats commercialized in China were sound medium hard wheats. Care must be taken during harvesting and storage of waxy wheats since the waxy wheat flours were very sensitive to the endogenous α‐amylase even at a very low level of enzyme activity. Rapid viscosity analyzer had a good potential for evaluating the sprout damage of waxy wheat. Dough rheological properties and gluten index showed that the four waxy wheats had weak gluten quality, agreeing with wet‐milling performance. The waxy wheat starches had higher onset, peak, and conclusion gelatinization temperatures than normal wheat starch. While the waxy wheat starches showed lower pasting temperature and higher peak viscosity than normal wheat starch.ConclusionsResults suggested that the four commercial waxy wheats varied in kernel characteristics, protein and starch contents, wet‐milling performance, gluten quality, dough rheological properties and pasting properties, which might provide a wide range of applications.Significance and NoveltyThe research work provides useful information for wheat breeders to breed waxy wheat suitable for industrial applications and for scientists to promote the use of waxy wheat flour and starch in food applications.
Complete prevalence of primary malignant and nonmalignant brain tumors in comparison to other cancers in the United States
Authors: Neff Corey , Price Mackenzie , Cioffi Gino , Kruchko Carol , Waite Kristin A. , Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill S. , Ostrom Quinn T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary brain tumors (BTs) are rare, but cause morbidity and mortality disproportionately to their incidence. Prevalence estimates population‐level cancer burdens at a specified time. This study estimates the prevalence of malignant and non‐malignant BTs in comparison to other cancers.MethodsIncidence data were obtained from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (2000–2019, varying), a combined data set including the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Incidence of non‐BT cancers were obtained from the United States Cancer Statistics (2001–2019). Incidence and survival estimates for all cancers were obtained from SEER (1975–2018). Complete prevalence as of December 31, 2019, was estimated using prevEst. Estimates were generated overall for non‐BT cancers, by BT histopathology, age groups at prevalence (0–14, 15–39, 40–64, 65+ years), and sex.ResultsWe estimated 1,323,121 individuals with a diagnosis of BTs at the date of prevalence. The majority of BT cases had non‐malignant tumors (85.3%). Among all cancers, BTs were the most prevalent cancer type among those ages 15 to 39 years, second among those ages 0 to 14 years, and in the top five among those ages 40 to 64 years. The plurality of prevalent cases (43.5%) occurred among those ages 65+ years. Overall, females had a higher prevalence of BTs than males, with an overall female:male prevalence ratio of 1.68.ConclusionsBTs contribute significantly to the cancer burden in the United States, particularly among those younger than age 65 years. Understanding complete prevalence is crucial for monitoring cancer burden to inform clinical research and public policy.
Association of prosthetic angles of the Implant Supracrestal Complex with peri‐implant tissue mucositis
Authors: Rungtanakiat Piboon , Thitaphanich Natchaya , Chengprapakorn Wareerat , Janda Martin , Arksornnukit Mansuang , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of the Mucosal Emergence Angle (MEA) with peri‐implant tissue mucositis.Material and MethodsForty‐seven patients with 103 posterior bone level implants underwent clinical and radiographic examination. Three‐dimensional data from Cone Bean Computer Tomography and Optica Scan were transposed. Three angles were defined: MEA, Deep Angle (DA) and Total Angle (TA) and measured at six sites for each implant.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between MEA and Bleeding on Probing for all sites with an overall odds ratio of odd ratio 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.09, p < 0.001). Sites with MEA ≥ 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, and 70° had a higher risk for bleeding with an odds ratio of 3.1, 5, 7.5, 11.4 and 33.55, respectively. When all 6 sites of an implant prostheses had MEA ≥ 40°, the risk of having bleeding at all 6 sites was 9.5 times higher (95% CI 1.70–52.97, p = 0.010).ConclusionsMaintaining MEA no wider than 30°−40° is advisable, while the aim should be to keep this angle as narrow as clinically feasible. Registered in Thai Clinical Trials Registry: http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220204002.
OMIP‐92: Characterization of rat macrophage subsets, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: Bouchard Karine , Patoine Dany , Bissonnette Elyse Y. , Lauzon‐Joset Jean‐Francois 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAirway inflammation is a defense mechanism against inhaled agents characterized by infiltration of circulating immune cells. Given the inconsistent cellular identification across pre‐clinical rat model, we have developed a flow cytometry panel of six colors to characterize macrophages subsets, lymphocytes and granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL). Rats were challenged with intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BAL were harvested 24 h after one LPS exposure in rats. This flow cytometry panel involve the description of macrophage subsets, T and B lymphocytes and neutrophils, which are central to airway immune responses, as based on scientific literature. By using a relatively small number of parameters to identify multiple cell types, additional parameters can be used for project/disease‐specific activation markers.
Plate reduction in southern Japanese freshwater populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Kanbe Hiyu , Hosoki Takuya K. , Kokita Tomoyuki , Mori Seiichi , Kitano Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdaptation to similar environments can lead to the evolution of similar phenotypes in phylogenetically independent lineages. However, the extent of parallel evolution often varies. Because such variations can be due to environmental heterogeneity among seemingly similar habitats, identification of the environmental factors that cause non‐parallel patterns can provide valuable insight into the ecological factors associated with phenotypic diversification. Armor plate reduction in replicate freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) represents a well‐known example of parallel evolution. Many freshwater populations in multiple regions of the Northern Hemisphere have reduced plate numbers, but not all freshwater populations exhibit plate reduction. In this study, we characterized plate number variation in Japanese freshwater populations and investigated the association between plate number and several abiotic environmental factors. We found that most freshwater populations have not reduced plate numbers in Japan. Plate reduction tends to occur in habitats with warmer winter temperatures at lower latitudes in Japan. In contrast, low dissolved calcium levels or water turbidity had no significant effects on plate reduction, although these were reported to be associated with plate reduction in Europe. Although our data are consistent with the hypothesis that winter temperatures are associated with plate reduction, further studies on the relationship between temperatures and fitness using sticklebacks with varying plate numbers are necessary to confirm this hypothesis and understand the factors causing variations in the extent of parallel evolution.
Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even‐aged boreal forests
Authors: Pérez‐Izquierdo Leticia , Bengtsson Jan , Clemmensen Karina E. , Granath Gustaf , Gundale Michael J. , Ibáñez Theresa S. , Lindahl Björn D. , Strengbom Joachim , Taylor Astrid , Viketoft Maria , Wardle David A. , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.
Two years after a large wildfire in managed even‐aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).
While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree‐ and soil‐related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf‐shrub Vaccinium vitis‐idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil‐related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree‐ and soil‐related fire severity.

Synthesis: Our results 2 years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low‐severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand‐replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short‐term recovery of stand structure and above‐ and belowground species composition of even‐aged P. sylvestris boreal forests.
Volatile changes associated with fresh‐cut jackfruit during storage
Authors: Adiani Vanshika , Gupta Sumit , Variyar Prasad S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeadspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GCMS) was performed to study the aroma volatile profile of fresh‐cut jackfruit under different storage temperature conditions (4 and 10°C). Total viable counts (TVC) and yeast and mould count (Y&M) were also simultaneously estimated. Sensory analysis revealed a loss in texture along with an increase in ripeness during storage at both the storage temperatures. It was observed that the volatile profile demonstrated significant changes at different storage temperatures during storage. Principal component analysis performed on volatile compounds allowed to differentiate fresh samples from stored samples, the differential pattern of correlation with volatiles was observed at 4 and 10°C. During storage the ester content increased linearly at both temperatures, however acetate esters predominated initially at 4°C, followed by other non‐acetate esters. In the case of 10°C storage, higher levels of ethyl ester derivatives along with other esters were obtained in the later period of storage due to enhanced microbial activity.
Explaining and critiquing the postnormal: A warning against ideologies in the field of futures and foresight
Authors: Fergnani Alex 
Published: May 2023

Abstract“Postnormal” currents of thought, which are herein used in reference to the post‐normal science and the postnormal times frameworks, have been tremendously useful to help us understand the limits of science and the nature of societal change. Yet a blanket adherence to these frameworks without scrutiny risks falling into an unsubstantiated ideology. In response to and as a prevention of this risk, this article explains and critiques the two frameworks. It explains that post‐normal science is both a description of a recent trend in science applied to policy contexts and a prescriptive response to new conditions of scientific inquiry. It also explains that postnormal times is both description of societal change and expression of subjective feelings elicited by such change. The two frameworks' merits and limitations are also discussed. The article's conclusion is that while the post‐normal science framework can be rescued with some further qualifications, the postnormal times framework is particularly problematic. The discussion of the two frameworks' limitations is used as a warning against ideological positions that prevent fruitful research in the field of futures and foresight, and to encourage a more informed use of the term “postnormal.”
Perceived social support mediates loneliness and social isolation: A cross‐sectional study of Chinese older adults relocated for poverty relief
Authors: Jia Yuling , Yue Yuexue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the mediating effect of perceived social support in the relationship between loneliness and social isolation among Chinese older adults relocated for poverty relief.MethodsWe surveyed 128 older migrants from four resettlement areas in Guizhou Province, southwest China. A general information questionnaire, the Lubben Social Network Scale‐6, the Perceived Social Support Rating Scale, and the Single Item Loneliness Scale were used in our study. We also used the SPSS macro PROCESS to test a mediation model and the Bootstrap method to assess its significance.ResultsThe prevalence of social isolation among older relocators was 85.9%; the mediation model showed that loneliness had a direct negative effect on social isolation (B = −1.25, p < 0.01), and that perceived social support fully mediated this effect (−1.18), with a total effect of −1.25 (p < 0.01) and a mediating proportion of 94.4%.ConclusionsOlder relocators in poverty alleviation areas experienced high levels of social isolation. Perceived social support might buffer the negative impact of loneliness on social isolation. We suggest that interventions should be designed to enhance perceived social support and reduce social isolation among this vulnerable population.
Nature-based solutions: Establishing a comprehensive framework for addressing urban waterlogging management
Authors: Zhao Sujun , Yue Bangrui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the impact of global climate change, many cities in China have been hit by severe rainstorms, leading to increasingly frequent urban waterlogging disasters. In recent years, nature-based solutions (NbS) have received widespread attention and recognition, providing new ideas and approaches to addressing urban waterlogging issues. First, this article reviews the development process and concept of NbS and analyzes its core ideas and principles. Second, it analyzes the guiding role of NbS in urban waterlogging management and compares the commonalities and differences between NbS and three related waterlogging concepts. To ensure that urban waterlogging management is operational and dynamic, and that there is effective communication among stakeholders, this article proposes a comprehensive framework for the application of NbS in urban waterlogging management. Finally, this article analyzes the opportunities and potential of NbS applied to urban environmental issues. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1414–1421. © 2023 SETAC
Self‐monitoring of blood glucose two‐weekly versus weekly in gestational diabetes on nutrition therapy: A randomized trial
Authors: Thye Cheow Teng , Hamdan Mukhri , Sethi Neha , Rajaratnam Rajeev Kumar , Hong Jesrine , Tan Peng Chiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate 4‐point per day self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) every 2 weeks compared with every week.MethodsA total of 104 patients with lifestyle‐controlled gestational diabetes (GDMA1) were randomized to 2‐weekly or weekly 4‐point per day (fasting on awakening and 2‐h post‐meals) SMBG. Primary outcome was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level from enrollment to 36 weeks of pregnancy across trial arms. The non‐inferiority margin was an HbA1c increase of 0.2%.ResultsThe mean difference for change in HbA1c from enrollment to 36 weeks was 0.003% (95% confidence interval [CI] –0.098% to +0.093%), within the 0.2% non‐inferiority margin. The change in HbA1c level increased significantly within both trial arms—0.275% ± 0.241% (P < 0.001) in 2‐weekly arm versus 0.277% ± 0.236% (P < 0.001) in the weekly arm. Participants randomized to 2‐weekly SMBG were significantly less likely to receive anti‐glycemic treatment—5/52 (9.6%) versus 14/50 (28.0%) (relative risk 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.88; P = 0.017). All secondary outcomes—maternal weight gain, preterm delivery, cesarean delivery, birthweight, and neonatal admission—were not significantly different.ConclusionsIn GDMA1, 2‐weekly is non‐inferior to weekly SMBG on the change in HbA1c level. Two‐weekly SMBG appeared to be adequate for monitoring women with GDMA1.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in ISRCTN registry on March 25, 2022 with trial identification number: ISRCTN13404790 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13404790). The first participant was recruited on April 12, 2022.
Limits of energy access research on unreliability
Authors: Jacome Veronica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectricity users in sub‐Saharan Africa face persistent unreliable and unaffordable access. However, users' perspectives and experiences have largely been absent from policy literature. Content analysis of energy access policy literature reveals two long‐held assumptions: (1) any connection is better than no connection; (2) residents who object to this poor access have an entitlement problem. This paper critically interrogates these assumptions by using ethnographic data gathered during fieldwork in Unguja, Tanzania. It finds that long‐held policy justifications are easily contravened by real‐life experiences of sub‐par service and counters conventional narratives that blame users for the failure of electricity systems in their communities.