bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting a KRAS i‐motif forming sequence by unmodified and gamma‐modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers
Authors: Sarkar Srijani , Colón‐Roura Gabriela , Pearse Alexander , Armitage Bruce A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGrowing interest in i‐motif DNA as a transcriptional regulatory element motivates development of synthetic molecules capable of targeting these structures. In this study, we designed unmodified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and gamma‐modified PNA (γPNA) oligomers complementary to an i‐motif forming sequence derived from the promoter of the KRAS oncogene. Biophysical techniques such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, CD melting, and fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated the successful invasion of the i‐motif by PNA and γPNA. Both PNA and γPNA showed very strong binding to the target sequence with high thermal stability of the resulting heteroduplexes. Interestingly fluorescence and CD experiments indicated formation of an intermolecular i‐motif structure via the overhangs of target‐probe heteroduplexes formed by PNA/γPNA invasion of the intramolecular i‐motif. Targeting promoter i‐motif forming sequences with high‐affinity oligonucleotide mimics like γPNAs may represent a new approach for inhibiting KRAS transcription, thereby representing a potentially useful anti‐cancer strategy.
Development and validation of apalutamide‐related substances method in solid dosage forms using HPLC
Authors: Bandaru Lova Gani Raju , Konduru Naresh , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad , Regulagadda Suryanarayana , Kanuparthy Phani Raja , Gundla Rambabu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA related‐substances method was developed for the anticancer drug formulation apalutamide 60 mg tablets and validated using a liquid chromatography gradient elution method. All of the impurities and degradants were separated using the Luna Omega 5 μm Polar C18, (250 × 4.6) mm HPLC column with a 1.0 ml min−1 flow rate. The detection was done at 225 nm by injecting the 10 μl of injection volume, controlling the sample temperature at 10°C and maintaining the column compartment temperature at 30°C. The total run time was 85 min. A 0.01 m disodium phosphate dihydrate pH 4.20 ± 0.05 buffer mixed with acetonitrile in the ratio of 73:27 (v/v) was used as mobile phase A. Mobile phase B consisted of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 30:70 (v/v). The proposed method was validated as per the current regulatory guidelines. The method precisions (RSD) at 100% specification level were 1.41, 1.74, 1.84, and 1.66% for the four impurities. The accuracy results were obtained between 96.0 and 106.3% for the limit of quantitation to the 150% level. The standard and sample solutions stability were established for 44 h at 10°C. The correlation coefficient (r) value was >0.999 for all four impurities, indicating good linearity between the concentration and peak response: 0.9999, 0.9999, 0.9999 and 1.0000. These results show the method’s linearity. The three filter compatibility was proved and it was concluded that 0.45 μm Nylon, PTFE and PVDF filters are suitable. The robustness of the method was established by varying the conditions. The method specificity was proved and the forced degradation data reveal the method’s stability‐indicating nature.
Amyloid‐β PET in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis
Authors: Ruan Dan , Sun Long 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been successively concluded. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of amyloid‐β (Aβ) PET in diagnosing AD and early prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) converting to AD. By pooling studies from different centers to explore in‐depth whether diagnostic performance varies by population type, radiotracer type, and diagnostic approach, thus providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the subsequent widespread application of Aβ PET in the clinical setting.MethodsRelevant studies were searched through PubMed. The pooled sensitivities, specificities, DOR, and the summary ROC curve were obtained based on a Bayesian random‐effects model.ResultsForty‐eight studies, including 5967 patients, were included. Overall, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of Aβ PET for diagnosing AD were 0.90, 0.80, 35.68, and 0.91, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that Aβ PET had high sensitivity (0.91) and specificity (0.81) for differentiating AD from normal controls but very poor specificity (0.49) for determining AD from MCI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 and 0.62, respectively, for predicting the conversion of MCI to AD. The differences in diagnostic efficacy between visual assessment and quantitative analysis and between 11C‐PIB PET and 18F‐florbetapir PET were insignificant.ConclusionsThe overall performance of Aβ PET in diagnosing AD is favorable, but the differentiation between MCI and AD patients should consider that some MCI may be at risk of conversion to AD and may be misdiagnosed. A multimodal diagnostic approach and machine learning analysis may be effective in improving diagnostic accuracy.
Demographic and disease‐related factors impact on cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zondra Revendova Kamila , Starvaggi Cucuzza Chiara , Manouchehrinia Ali , Khademi Mohsen , Bar Michal , Leppert David , Sandberg Elisabeth , Ouellette Russell , Granberg Tobias , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament light (NfL) levels reflect inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is less clear if NfL also can serve as a biomarker for MS progression in treated patients without relapses and focal lesion accrual. In addition, it has not been well established if clinically effective treatment re‐establishes an age and sex pattern for cerebrospinal fluid NfL (cNfL) as seen in controls, and to what degree levels are affected by disability level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy metrics.MethodsWe included subjects for whom cNfL levels had been determined as per clinical routine or in clinical research, classified as healthy controls (HCs, n = 89), MS‐free disease controls (DCs, n = 251), untreated MS patients (uMS; n = 296), relapse‐free treated MS patients (tMS; n = 78), and ProTEct‐MS clinical trial participants (pMS; n = 41).ResultsUsing linear regression, we found a positive association between cNfL and age, as well as lower concentrations among women, in all groups, except for uMS patients. In contrast, disability level in the entire MS cohort, or T1 and T2 lesion volumes, brain parenchymal fraction, thalamic fraction, and cortical thickness in the pMS trial cohort, did not correlate with cNfL concentrations. Furthermore, the cNfL levels in tMS and pMS groups did not differ.ConclusionsIn participants with MS lacking signs of inflammatory disease activity, disease modulatory therapy reinstates an age and sex cNfL pattern similar to that of control subjects. No significant association was found between cNfL levels and clinical worsening, disability level, or MRI metrics.
The anti‐corruption compliance models in a multinational company: A single case study
Authors: Moscariello Nicola , Pizzo Michele , Ricciardi Giorgio , Mallardo Gennaro , Fattorusso Pasquale 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCorruption is considered a widespread plague in most countries. Human rights, economic development, and national security are just a few of the aspects affected by corruption. The emerging literature also shows that corruption is one of the main causes of environmental degradation (particularly among developing countries) and that the phenomenon is stronger in the case of multinational companies (MNCs) due to the necessary interaction between MNCs and the host market's public officials. In this scenario, corporate anti‐corruption programs may represent a key element to enhance social, economic, and environmental wellbeing. However, evidence relative to the effectiveness of anti‐corruption models are mixed showing that compliance structures are often window‐dressing mechanisms implemented by corporate management to mitigate the corporate liabilities associated with their employees' illegal behaviors, rather than the likelihood of criminal actions per se. Thus, a practical approach is needed to understand what are the main attributes that distinguish an effective compliance program from a formal/legal one. Using a single case study approach (Eni Group), this paper aims to identify the key traits to increase the effectiveness of a compliance program in detecting and preventing illegal behaviors.
Implementation of microsatellite instability testing for the assessment of solid tumors in clinical practice
Authors: Nakayama Izuma , Shinozaki Eiji , Kawachi Hiroshi , Sasaki Takashi , Yunokawa Mayu , Tomomatsu Junichi , Yuasa Takeshi , Kitazono Satoru , Kobayashi Kokoro , Hayakawa Keiko , Ueki Arisa , Takahashi Shunji , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, microsatellite instability (MSI) testing for solid tumors was introduced in clinical practice in December 2018. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established standards of care for patients with MSI‐high tumors, the status of implementing MSI testing in clinical practice remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with solid tumors who underwent MSI testing between January 2019 and December 2020 at our institution.ResultsIn total, 1,052 MSI tests were performed in 1,047 patients. Regardless of specimen volume and condition, the MSI status was successfully determined in 1,041 (99.0%) tests, encompassing 27 tumor types (microsatellite stable [MSS] or MSI‐low:n = 991 [95.2%] and MSI‐high:n = 50 [4.8%]). Patients whose specimens were fixed with 20% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) and who had specimens with prolonged storage (98.4% and 95.4%) showed lower success rates than those whose specimens were fixed with 10% NBF and who had specimens with nonprolonged storage (100.0% and 99.6%), respectively. The prolonged turnaround time (TAT) in MSI‐high cases (median TAT: 24 days) was a critical issue that directly resulted in treatment delay. Of the 50 patients with MSI‐high tumors, 24 (48.0%) received ICIs and 34 (68.0%) were referred to the Department of Clinical Genetic Oncology where 6 (12.0%) patients were diagnosed with Lynch syndrome.ConclusionsMSI testing was successfully performed for various types of tumors and specimens in clinical practice. Our study results identified certain issues associated with the clinical implementation of MSI testing, including optimal specimen selection, extended TAT in MSI‐high cases, and awareness of hereditary tumors.
Students' defending and passive bystanding behaviours when witnessing school bullying in North Western Ethiopia: Roles of personal and situational factors
Authors: Eijigu Temesgen Demissie , Teketel Seleshi Zeleke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGuided by Thornberg et al.'s (2012) framework on motivation to intervene, the present study examines whether personal and situational factors are associated with defending and passive bystanding behaviours in school bullying. Self‐reported survey data were collected from 612 students (aged 12–16 years) attending grades 7, 8, 9, and 10 in East Gojjam Administrative Zone, North Western Ethiopia. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the strongest, significant predictors of defending were self‐efficacy for defending (β = .215, p = .000), affective empathy (β = .173, p = .000), students' experience as victim (β = .119, p = .002), personal sense of power (β = .119, p = .006), followed by moral disengagement (β = .118, p = .002), and age level (β = −.082, p = .036). All variables jointly explained 18.6% of the total variance in defending, F (12, 599) = 11.397, p < .00; with medium effect size (f2 = 0.23). In contrast, the strongest predictors of passive bystanding were moral disengagement (β = .233, p = .000), perceived costs and benefits of defending (β = −.163, p = .000), self‐efficacy (β = −.139, p = .003), students' experience as victim (β = .097, p = .014), followed by gender (β = −.080, p = .042). The model explained 16.7% of the total variance in passive bystanding, F (12, 599) = 10.043, p < .001; with medium effect size (f2 = 0.20). The findings enrich our understanding of factors associated with defending and passive bystanding behaviours. The implications for intervention are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Suction‐based catheter retrieval of right ventricular clot‐in‐transit
Authors: Li Leo T. , Alexis Miguel , Wilson Sean R. , Yu Pey‐Jen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRight ventricular clot‐in‐transit (CIT) is a rare finding in venous thromboembolic disease and carries a high mortality rate. Its optimal treatments have yet to be established in the literature. Here we describe the usage of a suction‐based catheter, the INARI FlowTriever® system (INARI Medical Inc.) to successfully retrieve a CIT from the right ventricle of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome on veno–veno extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Cytomegalovirus lymphadenitis mimicking a relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Delaye Matthieu , Ricard Laure , Maisonobe Lucas , Chartier Suzanne , Coppo Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is frequent after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), but generalized CMV lymphadenitis is rare. We report a CMV lymphadenitis after an ASCT mimicking a relapse of a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. After histopathological documentation, CMV lymphadenitis should be treated to avoid systemic progression.
A case of atlantoaxial instability following skull base osteomyelitis: Tips for diagnosis and management
Authors: Roohollahi Faramarz , Iranmehr Arad , Fatahi Andabili Ehsan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSkull base osteomyelitis is a rare but dangerous consequence of untreated malignant otitis externa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for most cases with typical presentation. Here, we discuss a diabetic 54‐year‐old female presented with malignant otitis externa and bilateral facial paresis followed by cervical spondylitis and C1‐C2 instability. Skull base osteomyelitis confirmed by clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory data. Fortunately, she responded well to antibacterial and antifungal therapy. Due to limited data, there is no confirmed standard of treatment for cervical instability secondary to SBO. It seems antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment. In case of poor response to antibiotic therapy, surgical intervention is inevitable. This article introduces the first case of SBO‐related AAI successfully managed with conservative treatment.
Tin Active Sites Confined in Zeolite Framework as a Promising Shape‐Selective Catalyst for Ethylene Oxide Hydration
Authors: Liu Xue , Liu Sen , Yan Tingyu , Shang Ningzhao , Li Huiliang , Wang Zheng , Xu Hao , Wu Peng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShape‐selective stannosilicates have been post‐synthesized for the hydration of epoxide to diols. A simple acid treatment has been employed to remove extensively the interlayer double four ring units, converting the three‐dimensional (3D) UTL germanosilicate into a 2D layered IPC‐1P intermediate. Isomorphous incorporation of tetrahedrally coordinated Sn active centers was realized via solid‐liquid treatment of IPC‐1P with diammonium hexachlorostannate aqueous solution, which was accompanied by the spontaneous condensation of neighboring silica‐rich cfi layers upon calcination and structural construction of a 3D PCR structure. Sn‐PCR stannosilicates with tunable Sn contents were thus prepared. With Sn‐derived robust Lewis acidity confined in the intersecting 10‐ and 8‐ring channels, the Sn‐PCR (Si/Sn molar ratio of 77) catalyst served as a shape‐selective nanoreactor for the hydration of ethylene oxide (EO) into ethylene glycol (EG), exhibiting a remarkable EO conversion (99.5 %) as well as a steady EG selectivity (>98.4 %) at greatly reduced H2O/EO molar ratio and near‐ambient reaction temperature.
Vapor‐Phase Precise‐Synthesis of 2D Inorganic Materials for Optoelectronics
Authors: Zhou Xing , Zhuge Fuwei , Wang Han , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary2D materials have attracted intensive attention due to their unique electrical and optical properties associated with their strictly defined low dimensionalities. They provide a wide range of basic building blocks for future electronics and optoelectronics. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been proposed to be efficient to realize the controllable thickness, scalable size, which are necessary for both industrial applications and fundamental researches. Herein, we share our research works to realize the controllable growth of 2D materials. We found that stable growth microenvironment can regulate the growth of 2D materials. Thus, we developed near‐steady source supply, space‐confined, and additive‐assisted passivated growth methods to solve the problem of unstable growth environment caused by uneven source and mass transfer. Then, we developed several strategies to precisely control the parity, separation, and transport of the carriers in 2D materials including fabricating defect‐free interface via van der Waals dielectrics, modulating the parity of carriers via ferroelectric‐field, and the separation of carriers via band engineering. Toward future development, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in this field.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Additive‐assisted passivated chemical vapor deposition for growing 2D materials such as non‐layered 2D materials and 2D inorganic molecular crystals.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got my introduction to chemical vapor deposition for growing nanomaterials from my undergraduate training. Then I focused on transistors and photodetectors during my postgraduate research in Japan. When I came back, I found that 2D materials are promising for the next generation optoelectronics. Thus, I started to get into this field of synthesis of 2D materials for optoelectronics.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Interest, is the driving force to find novel phenomenon, and persist inscientific research.How do you supervise your students?I prefer to discuss different experimental directions according to each student's interests. In terms of topic selection, I will give them more space for thinking and ask them to discuss with me with their problems. Then, we will choose one or more directions that deserve to be focused. I will follow up the details of their experiments every week. In the meantime, I also coach them how to design research projects for their research, and perform multidisciplinary research in collaboration with others.What are your hobbies?Running.If you have anything else to tell our readers, please feel free to do so.As a scientist, please keep interests and curiosity in your scientific research, as well as persistent.
Revisiting the cytologic features of autoimmune pancreatitis: An institutional experience
Authors: Thangaiah Judith Jebastin , McHugh Kelsey E. , Yuan Lisi , Reynolds Jordan P. , Cruise Michael W. , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a known mimicker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma both clinically and radiologically. In this study, the authors present their institutional experience in diagnosing AIP on cytology and correlate results with the histologic findings.MethodsA 14‐year computerized search for patients who had histologically confirmed AIP with concurrent or prior cytology was performed. Clinical data, cytology findings, and surgical pathology results were reviewed for analysis.ResultsEighteen patients were identified. The patients showed a male predominance, with a mean age of 59 years. Jaundice, weight loss, and abdominal pain were the most common clinical presentation. Five of 12 patients who were tested for serum immunoglobulin G4 had elevated levels. Cytologic findings of 16 cases that were available for review showed markedly inflamed fibrous stroma (54%) and cytologic atypia (50%). The final cytologic diagnoses were suspicious for adenocarcinoma (n = 1), atypical (n = 8), and benign/negative (n = 9). The corresponding surgical pathology diagnoses were classified as type 1 (n = 10), type 2 (n = 6), and AIP, not otherwise specified (n = 2). All type 2 AIP cases had at least atypical cytologic diagnoses, with one called suspicious for adenocarcinoma and another called adenocarcinoma at the time of rapid on‐site evaluation. In contrast, eight of 10 type 1 AIP cases were negative/benign, and two of 10 were atypical. In these two atypical cases, the possibility of AIP was raised because of the presence of inflamed stroma.ConclusionAIP is a pitfall in cytology because moderate‐to‐marked atypia can be present, especially in type 2 AIP. Because atypia can be severe, the presence of cellular fibrous stroma with lymphocytic stromal infiltrates and the integration of serum immunoglobulin G4 levels could be helpful in avoiding diagnostic overcall in AIP.
Cytologic features of gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas exhibiting germ cell tumor differentiation
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Kim Veronica , Murali Rajmohan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the authors sought to describe the cytologic features of primary gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas exhibiting germ cell differentiation because little information currently exists.MethodsAn institutional database search was performed to identify histologically confirmed gynecologic germ cell tumors and carcinomas with germ cell tumor differentiation. Available cytologic material was reviewed by three observers, and morphologic features were recorded in addition to patient age at original diagnosis, primary tumor site, site(s) from which the examined cytologic material was obtained, and the type of examined cytologic preparations.ResultsIn total, 15 cytologic specimens from 12 women (aged 19–82 years) were identified and included touch preparations of core biopsies from various sites (n = 6), fine‐needle biopsies (n = 2), pelvic washings (n = 1), ascitic fluids (n = 4), pelvic cyst fluid (n = 1), and endometrial aspirate (n = 1). Of the 12 patients, seven had primary gynecologic germ cell tumors, four had gynecologic (ovarian and endometrial) tumors exhibiting somatic yolk sac tumor‐like differentiation, and the remaining patient had an intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma arising within an ovarian teratoma. There was morphologic overlap among many of the cases, although cytoplasmic vacuolation/granular cytoplasm was seen in 75% of primary yolk sac tumors or carcinomas with yolk sac tumor differentiation, and dense/squamoid cytoplasm was seen in 100% of teratomatous elements that were sampled.ConclusionsGerm cell tumors and somatic neoplasms exhibiting germ cell tumor differentiation occurring in adult women share some cytologic features and may be difficult to distinguish from one another, although some tumor types showed characteristic cytomorphologic findings.