bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of Dieulafoy's lesion compared with peptic ulcer in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Jo Sang Yong , Noh Jin Hee , Cha Boram , Ahn Ji Yong , Oh Seung‐pyo , Seo Jun‐young , Na Hee Kyong , Lee Jeong Hoon , Jung Kee Wook , Kim Do Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is an important cause of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, few studies have investigated the clinico‐epidemiological outcomes due to its rarity. Here, we investigated clinical features of upper GI bleeding caused by peptic ulcer (PU) or DL and compared endoscopic treatment outcomes.MethodsPatients with upper GI bleeding resulting from PU or DL who visited emergency room between January 2013 and December 2017 were eligible. Clinical features and treatment outcomes were retrospectively investigated.ResultsOverall, 728 patients with upper GI bleeding due to PU (n = 669) and DL (n = 59) were enrolled. The median age was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR], 56–75 years), and 74.3% were male. Endoscopic intervention was performed in 53.7% (n = 359) and 98.3% (n = 58) of the PU and DL groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Patients were matched by sex, age, body mass index, comorbidity, and past medical history, and 190 PU and 52 DL were finally selected. The rebleeding rates within 7 (7.37% vs 17.31%, P = 0.037) and 30 (7.37% vs 26.92%, P < 0.001) days after initial endoscopy were significantly lower in the PU than in the DL group after propensity score matching. During the median follow‐up period of 52 months (IQR, 34–70 months), there was no difference in overall survival rate (67.9% vs 82.7%, P = 0.518).ConclusionsAlthough DL is a rare cause of upper GI bleeding, it requires endoscopic hemostasis more frequently and has a higher rate of rebleeding than PU even after therapeutic endoscopy. Endoscopists should pay attention and perform active endoscopic hemostasis for DL bleeding.
Quantifying GHG emissions enabled by capital and labor: Economic and gender inequalities in France
Authors: Pottier Antonin , Le Treut Gaëlle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany studies have investigated the carbon footprint of households. They rely on consumption‐based responsibility and focus on how many emissions are embodied in a product. Here we open a new field by discussing the emissions that individuals enable by providing labor and capital to companies, using the framework of income‐based (downstream) responsibility. This perspective focuses on the emissions enabled by providing inputs to production processes, and is relevant for discussion of sustainable work and the carbon impact of investment and financial portfolios. We compute the downstream carbon intensity of primary inputs for 35 industries in France using the multi‐regional input–output database EXIOBASE. We provide a detailed picture of enabled emissions, disaggregating those by industry and primary inputs. On average, capital inputs are more carbon intensive than labor inputs. Finally, we couple downstream carbon intensities with an extensive national survey on wages to obtain a distribution of the income‐based emissions of employees. Income‐based emissions are much more unequally distributed than wages due to the huge variability of carbon intensity across industries: a truck driver enables far more emissions than a social‐care worker. Inequalities in emissions do not strongly interact with economic inequality. Yet they are gendered because women work disproportionately in low‐carbon‐intensive industries such as healthcare. As a result, women contribute less to GHG emissions than their wage share would seem to indicate.
Disseminated Mucor indicus infection in a marmoset (Callithrix sp.)
Authors: Ferreira‐Machado Eduardo , Ervedosa Ticiana Brasil , Navas‐Suárez Pedro Enrique , Figueiredo Ketlyn Bolsachini , de Carvalho Ana Carolina Souza Ramos , Takahashi Juliana Possatto Fernandes , de Araújo Leonardo Tadeu , de Jesus Isis Paixão , de Carvalho Julia , Sanches Thaís , de Azevedo Fernandes Natália Coelho Couto , Guerra Juliana Mariotti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMucormycosis is rarely described in Platyrrhines. Herein, we describe the pathologic and molecular features of a gastric and hepatic infection by Mucor indicus in a marmoset (Callithrix sp.).
Predictors of self‐care behaviour trajectories in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A latent class growth analysis
Authors: Dou Bei , Tang Ting , Wang Chen , Zha Huixian , Kong Yu , Liu Kouying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the trajectories of self‐care behaviours in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the latent class growth model and investigate the predictors of each trajectory based on the capability opportunity motivation and behaviour model.BackgroundStudies on self‐care behaviours of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are mainly cross‐sectional surveys. However, little is known about longitudinal trends of self‐care behaviours changes among those population.DesignThis was a prospective observational research performed according to STROBE Checklist.MethodsOne hundred and nineteen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were followed up at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Data collection included the scores of self‐care behaviours, specific demographic and clinical characteristics, and scores for the predictors. A latent class growth model was used to explore the self‐care behaviours trajectories. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of self‐care behaviours trajectories.ResultsThree trajectories in the self‐care behaviours of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were found: a persistently negative trajectory, a maintenance trajectory after a slight increase and an active trajectory with a slow upward improvement in self‐care behaviours. Medical insurance and access to medical resources were the predictors of self‐care behaviours.ConclusionThe patients with poor medical resources and medical insurance are at high risk for the poor self‐care behaviours and the negative trajectory. Thus, dynamic and individualised intervention should be continuously provided to ensure patients acquire adequate medical resources to comprehensively improve self‐care behaviours.Relevance to Clinical PracticePeople with better self‐care trajectory may be patients who receive more medical resources or have less financial burden, which will help with the early identification of high‐risk patients with a negative self‐care trajectory. Intervention guided by Behaviour Change Wheel Theory should be conducted dynamically for patients for patients with different trajectories.Patient or Public ContributionThank the patients and their families for their cooperation in data collecting in this study.
Mental health bias in physical care: An integrative review of the literature
Authors: Hallyburton Ann , Allison‐Jones Lisa 
Published: February 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?Individuals experiencing mental illness make up a significant portion of the world's population.Individuals with mental illness experience higher rates of morbidity and die on average at least a decade earlier than individuals without mental health disorders.What this paper adds to existing knowledge?Issues of stigma, diagnostic overshadowing, premature closure, inadequate workup, fear and lack of training negatively impact the care of individuals with mental illness.Issues impacting the care of individuals experiencing mental illness cross geographic and care setting boundaries.What are the implications for practice?Partnerships between physical and mental health practitioners are needed to thoroughly assess and accurately diagnose symptoms experienced by individuals with mental illness.Educational interventions can help prepare practitioners to care for individuals with mental illness.Nurses can better advocate for effective patient care by learning about the phenomenon of diagnostic overshadowing and calling attention to its occurrence.AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with mental illness experience significantly higher overall rates of morbidity and mortality than counterparts without mental illness. Misdiagnosis of symptoms emanating from physical illnesses as psychiatric in nature presents one important cause.AimThis integrative review explores research on healthcare professionals' misattribution of physical health symptoms to patients' comorbid psychiatric issues and seeks to identify unifying themes, shared causes, and possible strategies for addressing the issue.MethodThis review uses Whittemore and Knafl's 2005 integrative review methodology coupled with vetted quality appraisal tools.ResultsFollowing a systematic search of allied health, medical, psychological, sociological and general literature, 24 publications employing qualitative, quantitative, mixed and synthesis research methodologies were selected. Each study was appraised according to design, and relevant data were extracted.DiscussionThemes of stigmatization, diagnostic overshadowing, incomplete medical examination, insufficient training, and fears experienced by providers and patients emerged.Implications for PracticeIncreased partnering between physical and mental health practitioners, continuing education, and improving patient–provider communication are key to providing equitable care. Nurses play primary roles in empathizing with patients, advocating for appropriate care and educating others on the dangers of misattributing physical symptoms to psychiatric cause.
Challenges of hepatitis B treatment in rural Sub‐Saharan Africa: Treatment initiation and outcomes from a public hospital‐based clinic in Kono, Sierra Leone
Authors: Nyama Emmanuel T. , Allan‐Blitz Lao‐Tzu , Bitwayiki Remy , Swaray Mohamed , Lebbie Williams , Lavalie Daniel , Mhango Michael , Gupta Neil , Rodriguez Marta Patiño 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite a high prevalence, there are few successful models for de‐centralizing diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among rural communities in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We report baseline characteristics and 1 year retention outcomes for patients enrolled in a HBV clinic integrated within chronic disease services in a rural district hospital in Sierra Leone. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. Patients were eligible for 1 year follow‐up if enrolled before 28 February 2020. Treatment eligibility at baseline was defined as cirrhosis (diagnosed by clinical criteria of decompensated cirrhosis, ultrasonographic findings or aspartate‐aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio >2) or co‐infection with HIV or HCV. Retention in care was defined as a documented follow‐up visit at least 1 year after enrolment. We enrolled 623 individuals in care, median age of 30 years (IQR 23–40). Of 617 patients with available data, 97 (15.7%) had cirrhosis. Treatment was indicated among 113 (18.3%) patients and initiated among 74 (65.5%). Of 39 patients eligible for 1 year follow‐up on treatment at baseline, 20 (51.3%) were retained at 1 year, among whom 12 (60.0%) had documented viral suppression. Among the 232 patients not initiated on treatment eligible for 1 year follow‐up, 75 (32.3%) were retained at 1 year.Although further interventions are required to improve outcomes, our findings demonstrated feasibility of retention and treatment of patients with HBV infection in a rural district in Sub‐Saharan Africa, when integrated with other chronic disease services.
Liver stiffness is associated with excess mortality in the general population driven by heart failure: The Rotterdam Study
Authors: van Kleef Laurens A. , Sonneveld Milan J. , Zhu Fang , Ikram M. Arfan , Kavousi Maryam , de Knegt Robert J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundElevated liver stiffness reflects hepatic fibrosis but can also be secondary to venous congestion. We aimed to study the association between liver stiffness and mortality in the general population, stratified for heart failure and/or coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsWe analysed individuals enrolled in the ongoing prospective population‐based Rotterdam Study who attended a visit between 2009–2014 that included liver stiffness measurement. Exclusion criteria for the primary analysis were incomplete data on heart failure, unreliable liver stiffness, alcohol abuse and viral hepatitis, leaving 4.153 participants (aged 67.5 ± 8.4 years, 44.2% male) for analysis with a median follow‐up of 6.0 (interquartile range: 5.1–7.0) years. Secondary analysis included participants with viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse and/or unreliable measurement. The association between liver stiffness and mortality was assessed using Cox regression. Associations between heart failure, CHD, and echocardiographic characteristics and liver stiffness were quantified with linear regression.ResultsLiver stiffness ≥8.0 kPa was associated with mortality (aHR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.00–1.89). However, this was driven by participants with heart failure (aHR: 2.48, 95%CI: 1.15–5.35), since high liver stiffness was not associated with mortality in participants without heart failure and/or CHD (aHR: 1.07, 95%CI: 0.70–1.64). Results were consistent when individuals with viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse or unreliable liver stiffness measurement were not excluded. Several cardiovascular characteristics were significantly associated with higher liver stiffness, e.g. heart failure, moderate/poor diastolic dysfunction, and right atrium diameter > 4.5 cm.ConclusionIn our cohort of community‐dwelling elderly, high liver stiffness was associated with excess mortality, primarily explained by participants with heart failure. Moreover, heart failure and its indicators were associated with increased liver stiffness.
Metagenomics reveals an abundance of black yeast‐like fungi in the skin microbiome
Authors: Voidaleski Morgana Ferreira , Costa Flávia de Fátima , de Hoog G. Sybren , Gomes Renata Rodrigues , Vicente Vania Aparecida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is the first line of defence against communities of resident viruses, bacteria and fungi. The composition of the microbiome might change with factors related to the environment and host. The microbiome is dominated by bacteria. Dermatophytes and yeasts are the predominant fungi that are also involved in opportunistic infections of skin, hair and nails. Among environmental fungi, Chaetothyriales (black yeasts and relatives) are enriched by hydrocarbon pollution in domesticated habitats and comprise numerous species that cause mild‐to‐severe disease.MethodsWe investigated the presence of black fungi in the skin microbiome by conducting an analysis in the publicly available metagenomic SRA database (NCBI). We focused on the causative agents of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis and used barcodes and padlock probe sequences as diagnostic tools.ResultsA total of 132,159,577 MB was analysed and yielded 18,360 reads that matched with 24 species of black fungi. Exophiala was the most prevalent genus, and Cyphellophora europaea was the most abundant species.ConclusionThis study reveals the abundant presence of Chaetothyriales on the skin without necessarily being associated with infection. Most of the detected causal agents are known from mild skin diseases, while also species were revealed that had been reported from CARD9‐deficient patients.
Gastrointestinal‐Specific symptom anxiety in patients with gastroparesis: Relationships to symptom severity and quality of life
Authors: Tanner Samuel E. , Burton Murray Helen , Brown Tiffany A. , Malik Zubair , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI)‐specific anxiety has been identified as a treatment target in irritable bowel syndrome. However, GI‐specific anxiety has been understudied in other GI functional/motility disorders. Among adults with gastroparesis, we aimed to: (1) initially validate a measure of GI‐specific anxiety, the Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI); and (2) evaluate the relationship between GI‐specific anxiety and gastroparesis symptom severity and quality of life, compared to measures of anxiety, depression, and somatization.MethodsConsecutive adult patients (N = 100) with gastroparesis presenting for initial consultation completed a series of self‐report measures including the VSI. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of the VSI one‐factor structure and tested internal consistency and convergent validity. We then performed hierarchical linear regression analyses to explore associations between VSI and gastroparesis symptom severity and overall quality of life.Key ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original VSI one‐factor structure overall fit well [χ2(90) = 220.1, p < 0.0001; SRMR = 0.08; RMSEA = 0.12; CFI = 0.96]. The VSI also had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.99) and convergent validity (r = 0.29–0.56; all p < 0.01). Higher GI‐specific anxiety was significantly associated with greater gastroparesis symptom severity, including nausea/vomiting, fullness/satiety, and upper abdominal pain scores beyond depression, anxiety, or somatization (all p = <0.01–0.01). Additionally, higher GI‐specific anxiety was significantly associated with lower mental health‐related quality of life, beyond gastroparesis symptom severity, depression, anxiety, or somatization (p = 0.01).Conclusions & InferencesThe VSI is an adequate measure of GI‐specific anxiety in patients with gastroparesis. Higher GI‐specific anxiety was associated with increased patient‐reported gastroparesis symptom severity and decreased quality of life, beyond depression/anxiety.
Electrophysiological and morphological features of myenteric neurons of human colon revealed by intracellular recording and dye fills
Authors: Yew Wai Ping , Humenick Adam , Chen Bao Nan , Wattchow David A. , Costa Marcello , Dinning Phil G. , Brookes Simon J. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEx vivo intracellular recordings and dye fills, combined with immunohistochemistry, are a powerful way to analyze the enteric nervous system of laboratory animals.MethodsMyenteric neurons were recorded in isolated specimens of human colon. A key determinant of successful recording was near‐complete removal of circular muscle from the surface of ganglia.Key ResultsTreatment with a collagenase/neutral protease mix before dissection significantly improved recording success and reduced damage to the plexus. Carboxyfluorescein in microelectrodes allowed recorded neurons to be routinely labeled, analyzed, and subjected to multi‐layer immunohistochemistry. Carboxyfluorescein revealed morphological details that were not detected by immunohistochemical methods. Of 54 dye‐filled myenteric neurons (n = 22), 45 were uni‐axonal and eight were multi‐axonal. There was a significant bias toward recordings from large neural somata. The close association between morphology and electrophysiology (long after‐hyperpolarizations and fast EPSPs) seen in mice and guinea pigs did not hold for human myenteric neuron recordings. No slow EPSPs were recorded; however, disruption to the myenteric plexus during dissection may have led the proportion of cells receiving synaptic potentials to be underestimated. Neurons immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase were more excitable than non‐immunoreactive neurons. Distinctive grooves were observed on the serosal and/or mucosal faces of myenteric neurons in 3D reconstructions. These had varicose axons running through them and may represent a preferential site of synaptic inputs.ConclusionsHuman enteric neurons share many features with laboratory animals, but the combinations of features in individual cells appear more variable.
Additive fungal interactions drive biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease
Authors: Tao Chengyuan , Wang Zhe , Liu Shanshan , Lv Nana , Deng Xuhui , Xiong Wu , Shen Zongzhuan , Zhang Nan , Geisen Stefan , Li Rong , Shen Qirong , Kowalchuk George A. 
Published: February 2023

Summary
Host‐associated fungi can help protect plants from pathogens, and empirical evidence suggests that such microorganisms can be manipulated by introducing probiotic to increase disease suppression. However, we still generally lack the mechanistic knowledge of what determines the success of probiotic application, hampering the development of reliable disease suppression strategies.
We conducted a three‐season consecutive microcosm experiment in which we amended banana Fusarium wilt disease‐conducive soil with Trichoderma‐amended biofertilizer or lacking this inoculum. High‐throughput sequencing was complemented with cultivation‐based methods to follow changes in fungal microbiome and explore potential links with plant health.
Trichoderma application increased banana biomass by decreasing disease incidence by up to 72%, and this effect was attributed to changes in fungal microbiome, including the reduction in Fusarium oxysporum density and enrichment of pathogen‐suppressing fungi (Humicola). These changes were accompanied by an expansion in microbial carbon resource utilization potential, features that contribute to disease suppression. We further demonstrated the disease suppression actions of Trichoderma‐Humicola consortia, and results suggest niche overlap with pathogen and induction of plant systemic resistance may be mechanisms driving the observed biocontrol effects.
Together, we demonstrate that fungal inoculants can modify the composition and functioning of the resident soil fungal microbiome to suppress soilborne disease.
Impact of licit and illicit substances on the oral health‐related quality of life in adolescents
Authors: Zemolin Nicole Adrielli Monteiro , Rauber Everton Daniel , Brondani Bruna , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the consumption of licit and illicit substances on the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents from public schools in the south of Brazil.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with a random sample of adolescents aged between 17 and 18 years old from Santa Maria, Brazil. The consumption of licit and illicit substances was measured through a self‐administered questionnaire with questions from the National Survey of Scholar Health. The OHRQoL was collected using the Brazilian short version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11‐14 (CPQ11‐14). Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between the outcome and the explanatory variables where the adolescents (first level) were nested in their schools (second level).ResultsA total of 768 adolescents were evaluated. Of these, about 15.6% have already used illegal substances. Adolescents who reported the use of illicit substances had 28% higher CPQ11‐14 scores when compared to their counterparts. Alcohol use was also related to worse levels of OHRQoL, while the consumption of cigarettes acted as a protective factor.ConclusionsThis study found an association between the use of alcohol and illicit drugs with worse levels of OHRQoL.