bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information cascade final size distributions derived from urn models
Authors: Oida Kazumasa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBipolarization is a phenomenon in which either a large or very small information cascade appears randomly when the retweet rate is high. This phenomenon, which has been observed only in simulations, has the potential to significantly advance the prediction of final cascade sizes because forecasters need only focus on the two peaks in the final cascade size distribution rather than considering the effects of various details, such as network structure and user behavioral patterns. The phenomenon also suggests the difficulty of identifying factors that lead to the emergence of large-scale cascades. To verify the existence of bipolarization, this paper theoretically derives mathematical expressions of the cascade final size distribution using urn models, which simplify the diffusion behavior of actual online social networks. Under the assumption of infinite network size, the distribution exhibits power-law behavior, consistent with the results of existing diffusion models and previous Twitter analytical outcomes. Under the assumption of finite network size, bipolarization is observed.
Retrospective Proposals for the Orbital Correction of GSAT0201 & GSAT0202
Authors: Buson Sebastiano , Bettanini Carlo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOn August 22, 2014, the first two Full Operational Capacity satellites of the Galileo constellation were launched from Kourou on a Soyuz ST-B rocket. Shortly after the insertion into the final orbit, the on-board telemetry showed the achieved orbit was different from the target highly inclined circular orbit, due to a failure in the Fregat upper stage attitude control system. This anomaly precluded nominal operations in the Galileo constellation, as well as introducing limitations in the use of several of on-board subsystems. A recovery campaign took place in the winter of 2014 to change the two satellites’ trajectories, so to reduce the entity of operative constraints and provide better communication with the ground segment. With no dedicated orbital thruster available, attitude thrusters were used effectively to modify and enhance the orbit and recover from a multi-system failure, making reinsertion in a GNSS constellation possible. This work investigates, by means of a numerical model, the best combination and sequence of maneuvers that could have been implemented in the recovery campaign to satisfy most proposed drivers with the given $$\Delta v$$

Δ
v

budget. The results show that different final orbits with the same resonance but lower eccentricity could have been achieved.
Residual Seizure Rate of Intermittent Inpatient EEG Compared to a Continuous EEG Model
Authors: Xie Dave , Toutant Darion , Ng Marcus C. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT:Background:Subclinical seizures are common in hospitalized patients and require electroencephalography (EEG) for detection and intervention. At our institution, continuous EEG (cEEG) is not available, but intermittent EEGs are subject to constant live interpretation. As part of quality improvement (QI), we sought to estimate the residual missed seizure rate at a typical quaternary Canadian health care center without cEEG.Methods:We calculated residual risk percentages using the clinically validated 2HELPS2B score to risk-stratify EEGs before deriving a risk percentage using a MATLAB calculator which modeled the risk decay curve for each recording. We generated a range of estimated residual seizure rates depending on whether a pre-cEEG screening EEG was simulated, EEGs showing seizures were included, or repeat EEGs on the same patient were excluded.Results:Over a 4-month QI period, 499 inpatient EEGs were scored as low (n = 125), medium (n = 123), and high (n = 251) seizure risk according to 2HELPS2B criteria. Median recording duration was 1:00:06 (interquartile range, IQR 30:40–2:21:10). The model with highest residual seizure rate included recordings with confirmed electrographic seizures (median 20.83%, IQR 20.6–26.6%), while the model with lowest residual seizure rate was in seizure-free recordings (median 10.59%, IQR 4%–20.6%). These rates were significantly higher than the benchmark 5% miss-rate threshold set by 2HELPS2B (p<0.0001).Conclusions:We estimate that intermittent inpatient EEG misses 2–4 times more subclinical seizures than the 2HELPS2B-determined acceptable 5% seizure miss-rate threshold for cEEG. Future research is needed to determine the impact of potentially missed seizures on clinical care.
Remote and semi-automated methods to conduct a decentralized randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cafaro Teresa , LaRiccia Patrick J. , Bandomer Brigid , Goldstein Helen , Brobyn Tracy L. , Hunter Krystal , Roy Satyajeet , Ng Kevin Q. , Mitrev Ludmil V. , Tsai Alan , Thwing Denise , Maag Mary Ann , Chung Myung K. , van Helmond Noud 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Designing and conducting clinical trials is challenging for some institutions and researchers due to associated time and personnel requirements. We conducted recruitment, screening, informed consent, study product distribution, and data collection remotely. Our objective is to describe how to conduct a randomized clinical trial using remote and automated methods.

Methods:
A randomized clinical trial in healthcare workers is used as a model. A random group of workers were invited to participate in the study through email. Following an automated process, interested individuals scheduled consent/screening interviews. Enrollees received study product by mail and surveys via email. Adherence to study product and safety were monitored with survey data review and via real-time safety alerts to study staff.

Results:
A staff of 10 remotely screened 406 subjects and enrolled 299 over a 3-month period. Adherence to study product was 87%, and survey data completeness was 98.5% over 9 months. Participants and study staff scored the System Usability Scale 93.8% and 90%, respectively. The automated and remote methods allowed the study maintenance period to be managed by a small study team of two members, while safety monitoring was conducted by three to four team members. Conception of the trial to study completion was 21 months.

Conclusions:
The remote and automated methods produced efficient subject recruitment with excellent study product adherence and data completeness. These methods can improve efficiency without sacrificing safety or quality. We share our XML file for researchers to use as a template for learning purposes or designing their own clinical trials.
Opening industry data: The private sector’s role in addressing societal challenges
Authors: Hansen Jennifer , Pang Yiu-Shing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This commentary explores the potential of private companies to advance scientific progress and solve social challenges through opening and sharing their data. Open data can accelerate scientific discoveries, foster collaboration, and promote long-term business success. However, concerns regarding data privacy and security can hinder data sharing. Companies have options to mitigate the challenges through developing data governance mechanisms, collaborating with stakeholders, communicating the benefits, and creating incentives for data sharing, among others. Ultimately, open data has immense potential to drive positive social impact and business value, and companies can explore solutions for their specific circumstances and tailor them to their specific needs.
Bottom-up forecasting: Applications and limitations in load forecasting using smart-meter data
Authors: Anand Harsh , Nateghi Roshanak , Alemazkoor Negin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Reliable short-term load forecasting is vital for the planning and operation of electric power systems. Short-term load forecasting is a critical component used in purchasing and generating electric power, dispatching, and load switching, which is essential for balancing supply and demand and mitigating the risk of power shortages. This is becoming even more critical given the transition to carbon-neutral technologies in the energy sector. Specifically, since renewable sources are inherently uncertain, a distributed energy system with renewable generation units is more heavily dependent on accurate load forecasts for demand-response management than traditional energy sectors. Despite extensive literature on forecasting electricity demand, most studies focus on predicting the total demand solely based on the previous-step observations of aggregate demand. With advances in smart-metering technology and the availability of high-resolution consumption data, harnessing fine-resolution smart-meter data in load forecasting has attracted increasing attention. Studies using smart-meter data mainly involve a “bottom-up” approach that develops separate forecast models at sub-aggregate levels and aggregates the forecasts to estimate the total demand. While this approach is conducive to incorporating fine-resolution data for load forecasting, it has several shortcomings that can result in sub-optimal forecasts. However, these shortcomings are hardly acknowledged in the load forecasting literature. This work demonstrates how limitations imposed by such a bottom-up load forecasting approach can lead to misleading results, which could hamper efficient load management within a carbon-neutral grid.
STATE IMMUNITY AND THIRD-PARTY LIMITS ON THE JURISDICTION OF DOMESTIC COURTS
Authors: Franchini Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent case law has evidenced doctrinal ambiguity concerning whether State immunity precludes domestic courts’ jurisdiction when rights and interests of third-party States may be affected. This article posits that such confusion arises from a failure to recognize State immunity as a rule predicated on the sovereign status of the defendant. Through an analysis of State practice, the article contends that the concept of indirect impleading incorporated in the United Nations Convention on State Immunity does not challenge the status-based nature of this rule. Construing State immunity as a subject-matter rule erroneously conflates it with distinct doctrines, such as Monetary Gold and the act of State doctrine.
Scholars, Secrets, and Sultans: Clerical Authority in West Africa, 1450–1650
Authors: Wright Zachary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAvailable historical sources for West Africa's Middle Niger c. 1450–1650 reveal that the ‘indigenous’ (non-Arab) Islamic scholarly class was already a self-conscious, independent social entity long before the clerical revolutions of later centuries. The influence of Muslim scholars was not limited to urban environments like Timbuktu, and clerical elites claimed a number of mostly independent communities throughout West Africa by the end of the sixteenth century. Mostly based on a reading of Arabic texts such as Muḥammad al-Kābarī's Bustān al-fawāʾid (‘Garden of Beneficial Prayers’) in dialogue with the Tārīkh Ibn al-Mukhtār and Tārīkh al-Sūdān (‘Timbuktu Chronicles’), this article argues that Muslim scholars were engaged in a spiritual war for independence clearly on display since the beginning of the Songhay empire. Scholarly texts display deep concern for tempering unjust political power and the protection and attraction of women, discourses that reveal a perilous clerical struggle to assert community independence. Later armed jihads were thus not so much a break from earlier traditions of clerical pacificism, they were the natural evolution from this earlier spiritual jihad.
Litigation in thyroid surgery: a pan-specialty review of National Health Service (UK) data
Authors: Arwyn-Jones James , Ross Talisa , Navaratnam Annakan , George Manish , Machin John T , Briggs Tim W R , Tolley Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThyroid surgery carries risks that significantly impact patients. This paper describes the landscape of thyroid surgery related litigation claims in the National Health Service from April 2015 to April 2020, to establish learning points in order to improve patient care and minimise litigation risk.MethodsData were requested from National Health Service Resolution and Hospital Episode Statistics. Claims were classified into operative and non-operative causes. Subspecialty information, incident details and claim costings were analysed.ResultsSixty claims were identified. Thirty-eight claims (63.3 per cent) were closed, with an average total claim cost of £68 816 and average damages paid of £36 349. Claims related to diagnostic issues were most common (n = 19); of claims associated with operative causes (n = 30), those relating to nerve injury were most common (n = 8), with issues of nerve monitoring and consent being cited.ConclusionUtilisation of well-established protocols will likely reduce litigation in thyroid surgery, as we move towards a landscape in which the patient journey is thoroughly scrutinised for targeted improvements.
FIRST-ORDER FRIENDLINESS
Authors: BADIA GUILLERMO , MAKINSON DAVID 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this note we study a counterpart in predicate logic of the notion of logical friendliness, introduced into propositional logic in [15]. The result is a new consequence relation for predicate languages with equality using first-order models. While compactness, interpolation and axiomatizability fail dramatically, several other properties are preserved from the propositional case. Divergence is diminished when the language does not contain equality with its standard interpretation.
A Social Cure in Times of Pandemic Distancing
Authors: Uhlmann Lena Marie , Wegge Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract: Background: Being a member of multiple social groups (multiple group membership, MGM) has beneficial effects on several health outcomes as stated by the social identity theory. MGM can also buffer the negative influences of life-altering events on well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic can be characterized as such an event. Aims: The present study investigated whether MGM is associated with better well-being for older people during the pandemic and if it has a buffer effect on the relationship between pandemic-induced fear and well-being. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample ( N = 2,062) of citizens of Dresden, Germany aged 60 or older during the COVID-19 pandemic. MGM was operationalized in two different ways: as a self-assessment of the number of different social groups participants considered themselves a member of and as the number of formal groups people participated in, such as sports groups, clubs, or religious groups. Results: It was found, as expected, for both indicators that people who were members of multiple social groups reported better well-being than people with just one group membership. Participants with no group memberships had the lowest psychological well-being. MGM did, however, not buffer the negative impact of the pandemic-induced fear on well-being. Limitations: Limitations are based on our measurement methods (cross-sectional design and self-reported data). Conclusion: MGM is an important resource for older people even during a pandemic. Potential limitations of the social cure imposed by social distancing rules are discussed and related suggestions for practice are presented.
Quantifying the Value of Learning for Flexible Water Infrastructure Planning
Authors: Skerker J. B. , Zaniolo M. , Willebrand K. , Lickley M. , Fletcher S. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUncertainty in future climate change challenges water infrastructure development decisions. Flexible infrastructure development, in which infrastructure is proactively designed to be changed in the future, can reduce the risk of overbuilding unnecessary infrastructure while maintaining reliable water supply. Flexible strategies assume that water planners will learn over time, updating future climate projections and using that new information to change plans. Previous work has developed methods to incorporate learning using climate observations into flexible planning but has not quantified the impact of different amounts of learning on the effectiveness of flexible planning. In this work, we develop a framework to assess how differences in the amount of learning about climate uncertainty affect the value of flexible water infrastructure planning. In the first part of our framework, we design climate scenarios with different amounts of learning using an exploratory Bayesian modeling approach. Then, we quantify the impacts of learning on flexibility using simulated costs and infrastructure decisions. We demonstrate this framework on a stylized case study of the Mwache Dam near Mombasa, Kenya. Flexible planning is more effective in avoiding over‐ or underbuilding under high‐learning scenarios, especially in avoiding overbuilding in wet climates. This framework provides insight on the climate conditions and learning scenarios that make flexible infrastructure most valuable.
Auroral Oval Morphology: Dawn‐Dusk Asymmetry Partially Induced by Earth's Rotation
Authors: Decotte Margot , Laundal Karl M. , Hatch Spencer M. , Reistad Jone P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe auroral oval morphology has been investigated in previous studies presenting maps of average auroral precipitation. However, such distributions tend to emphasize auroral intensity rather than the actual extent of the auroral oval. We develop a statistical method to characterize the auroral oval morphology by using 20 years of electron energy flux measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Special Sensor J (DMSP/SSJ); instead of relying on auroral oval boundaries, we derive the probability of observing aurora from a threshold of 2.109 eV/cm2/s/sr above which the total energy flux of electrons (in the energy range 1–30 keV) is defined as aurora. We then investigate the auroral occurrence probability (AOP) in the magnetic latitude‐magnetic local time (MLat‐MLT) sectors covered by DMSP for various conditions related to geomagnetic activity. Regardless of those conditions, the AOP distributions reveal a width asymmetry with a wider dawn‐to‐noon sector (06–12 MLT) compared to the dusk‐to‐midnight sector (18–24 MLT), the dawn preference getting even more pronounced as the geomagnetic activity decreases. In the context of an open magnetosphere, we investigate the relation between the observed extent asymmetry in the auroral oval and the magnetospheric plasma convection. Representing the plasma sheet magnetic flux as a one‐dimensional fluid subject to production on the nightside (closing of flux via reconnection) and loss on the dayside (opening of flux), we highlight similarities with the AOP in terms of MLT asymmetries. Finally, making use of this fluid model, we demonstrate that the corotation influence on the plasma convection pattern is consistent with the dawn‐dusk asymmetry observed in the AOP distributions.
Nonlinear restructuring of patterned thin films by residual stress engineering into out-of-plane wavy-shaped electrostatic microactuators for high-performance radio-frequency switches
Authors: Bajwa Rayan , Saleh Heba , Shojaeian Milad , Tekin Ibrahim , Yapici Murat Kaya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches are the basic building blocks for various radio-frequency (RF) transceivers. However, conventional cantilever-based designs of MEMS switches require a large actuation voltage, exhibit limited RF performance, and suffer from many performance tradeoffs due to their flat geometries restricted in two dimensions (2D). Here, by leveraging the residual stress in thin films, we report a novel development of three-dimensional (3D) wavy microstructures, which offer the potential to serve as high-performance RF switches. Relying on standard IC-compatible metallic materials, we devise a simple fabrication process to repeatedly manufacture out-of-plane wavy beams with controllable bending profiles and yields reaching 100%. We then demonstrate the utility of such metallic wavy beams as RF switches achieving both extremely low actuation voltage and improved RF performance owing to their unique geometry, which is tunable in three dimensions and exceeds the capabilities of current state-of-the-art flat-cantilever switches with 2D-restricted topology. As such, the wavy cantilever switch presented in this work actuates at voltages as low as 24 V while simultaneously exhibiting RF isolation and insertion loss of 20 dB and 0.75 dB, respectively, for frequencies up to 40 GHz. Wavy switch designs with 3D geometries break through the design limits set by traditional flat cantilevers and provide an additional degree of freedom or control knob in the switch design process, which could enable further optimization of switching networks used in current 5G and upcoming 6G communication scenarios.
Inter-kingdom interactions and stability of methanogens revealed by machine-learning guided multi-omics analysis of industrial-scale biogas plants
Authors: Wirth Roland , Bagi Zoltán , Shetty Prateek , Szuhaj Márk , Cheung Teur Teur Sally , Kovács Kornél L , Maróti Gergely 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Multi-omics analysis is a powerful tool for the detection and study of inter-kingdom interactions, such as those between bacterial and archaeal members of complex biogas-producing microbial communities. In the present study, the microbiomes of three industrial-scale biogas digesters, each fed with different substrates, were analysed using a machine-learning guided genome-centric metagenomics framework complemented with metatranscriptome data. This data permitted us to elucidate the relationship between abundant core methanogenic communities and their syntrophic bacterial partners. In total, we detected 297 high-quality, non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (nrMAGs). Moreover, the assembled 16 S rRNA gene profiles of these nrMAGs showed that the phylum Firmicutes possessed the highest copy number, while the representatives of the archaeal domain had the lowest. Further investigation of the three anaerobic microbial communities showed characteristic alterations over time but remained specific to each industrial-scale biogas plant. The relative abundance of various microorganisms as revealed by metagenome data was independent from corresponding metatranscriptome activity data. Archaea showed considerably higher activity than was expected from their abundance. We detected 51 nrMAGs that were present in all three biogas plant microbiomes with different abundances. The core microbiome correlated with the main chemical fermentation parameters, and no individual parameter emerged as a predominant shaper of community composition. Various interspecies H2/electron transfer mechanisms were assigned to hydrogenotrophic methanogens in the biogas plants that ran on agricultural biomass and wastewater. Analysis of metatranscriptome data revealed that methanogenesis pathways were the most active of all main metabolic pathways.