bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based for R-peak detection method of ECG
Authors: Sahmarany Lola El , Alshammari Maha , Tamal Mahbubunnabi , Alomari Abdulhakeem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide. An electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is typically used as the first diagnosis tool to detect abnormality in the heart signal. Reliable detection of R-peak in the ECG signal indicates various heart malfunctions (e.g., arrhythmia) and allows for proactive prevention of death due to cardiovascular disease. Though several R-peak detection methods have been proposed, the existence of noise in ECG signals and changes in QRS morphology compromise the robustness and reliability of these methods. Therefore, the need for a reliable detection of R-peak is crucial for diagnosis of heart abnormalities. This paper introduces a time-efficient and novel continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based method for R-peak detection. The proposed method first transforms the ECG signal in to time-frequency spectrum. The contributions of different frequencies at every time point are then calculated from the time-frequency spectrum to efficiently reduce the impact of noise and generate a summed frequency signal. A threshold technique is also proposed to detect the R-peak from the newly generated signal allows. The MIT-BIH arrhythmia database is used as a reference for validation and comparison of the proposed method with the results of other existing R-peak detection methods. The experimental results prove the efficiency and robustness of the developed method on noisy ECG signals with changes in QRS morphology with 99.87% sensitivity, 99.76% positive prediction value and a detection error rate of only 0.37%. In addition to the high accuracy in detecting R-peaks, the ease-to-use and fast-processing make the proposed method an efficient and reliable tool for real-time abnormality detection in ECG signal.
Enhancing grapevine breeding efficiency through genomic prediction and selection index
Authors: Brault Charlotte , Segura Vincent , Roques Maryline , Lamblin Pauline , Bouckenooghe Virginie , Pouzalgues Nathalie , Cunty Constance , Breil Matthieu , Frouin Marina , Garcin Léa , Camps Louise , Ducasse Marie-Agnès , Romieu Charles , Masson Gilles , Julliard Sébastien , Flutre Timothée , Le Cunff Loïc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrapevine (Vitis vinifera) breeding reaches a critical point. New cultivars are released every year with resistance to powdery and downy mildews. However, the traditional process remains time-consuming, taking 20 to 25 years, and demands the evaluation of new traits to enhance grapevine adaptation to climate change. Until now, the selection process has relied on phenotypic data and a limited number of molecular markers for simple genetic traits such as resistance to pathogens, without a clearly defined ideotype and was carried out on a large scale. To accelerate the breeding process and address these challenges, we investigated the use of genomic prediction, a methodology using molecular markers to predict genotypic values. In our study, we focused on two existing grapevine breeding programs:Roséwine andCognacproduction. In these programs, several families were created through crosses of emblematic and inter-specific resistant varieties to powdery and downy mildews. 30 traits were evaluated for each program, using two genomic prediction methods: GBLUP (Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Predictor) and LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator). The results revealed substantial variability in predictive abilities across traits, ranging from 0 to 0.9. These discrepancies could be attributed to factors such as trait heritability and trait characteristics. Moreover, we explored the potential of across-population genomic prediction by leveraging other grapevine populations as training sets. Integrating genomic prediction allowed us to identify superior individuals for each program, using multivariate selection index method. The ideotype for each breeding program was defined collaboratively with representatives from the wine-growing sector.
Pre-vaccination immunotypes reveal weak and robust antibody responders to influenza vaccination
Authors: Cevirgel Alper , Shetty Sudarshan A. , Vos Martijn , Nanlohy Nening M. , Beckers Lisa , Bijvank Elske , Rots Nynke , van Beek Josine , Buisman Anne-Marie , van Baarle Debbie 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTEffective vaccine-induced immune responses are particularly essential in older adults who face an increased risk of immunosenescence. However, the complexity and variability of the human immune system make predicting vaccine responsiveness challenging. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to characterize immune profiles that are predictive of vaccine responsiveness using “immunotypes” as an innovative approach. We analyzed an extensive set of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in the whole blood of 307 individuals (aged 25-92) pre- and post-influenza vaccination which we associated with day 28 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers. Building on our previous work that stratified individuals into nine immunotypes based on immune cell subsets, we identified two pre-vaccination immunotypes associated with weak and one showing robust day 28 antibody response. Notably, the weak responders demonstrated immune regulation (HLA-DR+ T-cells) and activation (CD38+ T-cells) signatures respectively, while the robust responders displayed a high naïve-to-memory T-cell ratio and percentage of non-classical monocytes. These specific signatures deepen our understanding of the relationship between the baseline of the immune system and its functional potential. This approach could enhance our ability to identify individuals at risk of immunosenescence. Our findings highlight the potential of pre-vaccination immunotypes as an innovative tool for informing personalized vaccination strategies and improving health outcomes, particularly for aging populations.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 survivors
Authors: Gomes Cristiano M. , Hisano Marcelo , Souza Julia D. , Henriques João Victor T. , de Bessa Jose , Moromizato Julyana , Bosi Thulio , Mazoni Rachel , Gismondi João , Camargo Bruno , Sammour Zein M. , Bruschini Homero , Battistella Linamara R. , Nahas William C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTPurposeTo analyze the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 and the risk factors for LUTS six months after hospital discharge.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, patients were evaluated six months after being hospitalized due to COVID-19. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score. General health was assessed through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EQ5D-L5 scale, which evaluates mobility, ability to perform daily activities, pain and discomfort and completed a self-perception health evaluation.ResultsOf 255 participants, 54.1% were men and the median age was 57.3 [44.3 – 66.6] years. Pre-existing comorbidities included diabetes (35.7%), hypertension (54.5%), obesity (30.2%) and physical inactivity (65.5%). 124 (48.6%) had a hospital stay >15 days, 181 (71.0%) were admitted to an ICU and 124 (48.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. Median IPSS score was 6 [3-11] and did not differ between men and women. Moderate to severe LUTS affected 108 (42.4%) patients (40.6% men and 44.4% women; p=0.610). Nocturia (58.4%) and frequency (45.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms and urgency was the only symptom that affected men (29.0%) and women (44.4%) differently (p=0.013). LUTS significantly impacted the quality of life of 60 (23.5%) patients with women more severely affected (p=0.004). Preexisting diabetes, hypertension and self-perception of worse general health were associated with LUTS.ConclusionsLUTS are highly prevalent and bothersome six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. Assessment of LUTS may help ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment in these patients.
Detection and Characterization of Walking Bouts Using a Single Wrist-Worn Accelerometer in Free-living Conditions
Authors: Brink-Kjær Andreas , Wickramaratne Sajila D. , Parekh Ankit , During Emmanuel H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDetection and characterization of abnormalities of movement are important to develop a method for detecting early signs of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most of the current research in detection of characteristic reduction of movements due to PD, known as parkinsonism, requires using a set of invasive sensors in a clinical or controlled environment. Actigraphy has been widely used in medical research as a non-invasive data acquisition method in free-living conditions for long periods of time. The proposed algorithm uses triaxial accelerometer data obtained through actigraphy to detect walking bouts at least 10 seconds long and characterize them using cadence and arm swing. Accurate detection of walking periods is the first step toward the characterization of movement based on gait abnormalities. The algorithm was based on a Walking Score (WS) derived using the value of the auto-correlation function (ACF) for the Resultant acceleration vector. The algorithm achieved a precision of 0.90, recall of 0.77, and F1 score of 0.83 compared to the expert scoring for walking bout detection. We additionally described a method to measure arm swing amplitude.
PARIS Coronary Thrombosis Risk Score Combined With D-dimer to Guide New Oral Anticoagulant Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Rationale and design of the PRIDE-ACS trial
Authors: Jia Sida , Song Ying , Yuan Deshan , Wang Peizhi , Xu Jingjing , Chen Yan , Zhang Ce , Zhao Xueyan , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundResidual thrombosis risk is an important contributor to ischemic events in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Although previous studies have shown that rivaroxaban 2.5mg twice daily in ACS patients with high ischemic risk can significantly reduce the risk of ischemic recurrence and mortality, individualized treatment with low-dose rivaroxaban is still rare.AimUsing D-dimer and PARIS coronary thrombosis risk score to identify ACS patients at high ischemic risk, we aim to investigate whether 3-month low-dose rivaroxaban therapy on the basis of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) could result in reduced ischemic events without increasing bleeding.DesignThis study is a multi-center, prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial involving 3,944 ACS patients undergoing PCI from more than 40 tertiary hospitals in China (ClinicalTrials.govNCT05638867). Patients with PARIS coronary thrombosis score ≥ 3 and D-dimer ≥ 0.28μg/ml will be 1:1 randomized to experiment group (rivaroxaban 2.5mg twice daily for 3 months on the basis of one-year standard DAPT) or control group (one-year standard DAPT only). The primary endpoint of this study was Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, ischemia driven revascularization, stent thrombosis and systemic embolic events. The safety endpoint was BARC type 3 and 5 bleeding events.SummaryIn ACS patients with higher PARIS coronary thrombosis risk score and elevated D-dimer level, results of the PRIDE-ACS trial will reveal whether short-duration low-dose rivaroxaban can reduce MACCE events without increasing severe bleeding.
A conserved odorant receptor underpins borneol-mediated repellency in culicine mosquitoes
Authors: Vainer Yuri , Wang Yinliang , Huff Robert M. , Perets Dor , Sar-Shalom Evyatar , Yakir Esther , Ghaninia Majid , Coutinho-Abreu Gomes Iliano V. , Ruiz Carlos , Rajamanickam Dhivya , Warburg A. , Akbari Omar S. , Papathanos Philippos A. , Ignell R. , Riffell Jeffrey A. , Pitts R. Jason , Bohbot Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of essential oils derived from the camphor tree to repel mosquitoes is an ancient practice that originated in Southeast Asia and gradually spread to China and across Europe via the Maritime Silk Road. The olfactory mechanisms by which these oils elicit avoidance behavior are unclear. Here we show that plant bicyclic monoterpenoids and borneol specifically activate a neural pathway that originates in the orphan olfactory receptor neuron of the capitate peg sensillum in the maxillary palp, and projects to the mediodorsal glomerulus 3 in the antennal lobe. This neuron co-locates with two olfactory receptor neurons tuned to carbon dioxide and octenol that mediate human-host detection. We also confirm that borneol elicits repellency against human-seeking female mosquitoes. Understanding the functional role of the mosquito maxillary palp is essential to investigating olfactory signal integration and host-selection behavior.
Growth-dependent concentration gradient of the oscillating Min system inEscherichia coli
Authors: Parada Claudia , Yan Ching-Cher Sanders , Hung Cheng-Yu , Tu I-Ping , Hsu Chao-Ping , Shih Yu-Ling 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe Min system contributes to the spatiotemporal regulation of division sites inEscherichia coli. The MinD and MinE proteins of this system self-organize into oscillatory waves in the form of concentration gradients. How the intracellular Min protein concentration gradients are coordinated with cell growth to achieve spatiotemporal accuracy of cell division is unknown. Here, we report that the MinD concentration gradient becomes progressively steeper as cells elongate, suggesting that the division inhibitory activity at the midcell also decreases with cell growth. Interestingly, the oscillation period appears relatively stable across different cell lengths. Similar features were found in cells under carbon stress conditions, but the gradient was even steeper, likely favoring division at shorter cell lengths. The length-dependent variation of the concentration gradient was further examinedin silicousing a reaction-diffusion model, which not only supported the above features, but also revealed a decrease in the midcell concentration as the shape of the gradient becomes steeper in growing cells. This growth-dependent regulation of the midcell concentration of MinD may be coupled with the FtsZ ring formation through the MinD-interacting protein MinC. We found that the variable concentration gradients occur by coordinating the reaction rates of the recruitment of MinD and MinE to the membrane and the recharging of MinD with ATP in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, this work uncovers the plasticity of MinD concentration gradients during interpolar oscillations throughout cell growth, an intrinsic property integrated during cell division.
Radiation necrosis after radiation therapy treatment of brain metastases: A computational approach
Authors: Ocaña-Tienda Beatriz , León-Triana Odelaisy , Pérez-Beteta Julián , Pérez-García Víctor M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetastasis is the process through which cancer cells break away from a primary tumor, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in distant tissues. One of the preferred sites for metastatic dissemination is the brain, affecting more than 20% of all cancer patients. This figure is increasing steadily due to improvements in treatments of primary tumors. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the main treatment options for patients with a small or moderate number of brain metastases (BMs). A frequent adverse event of SRS is radiation necrosis (RN), an inflammatory condition caused by late normal tissue cell death. A major diagnostic problem is that RNs are difficult to distinguish from BM recurrences, due to their similarities on standard magnetic resonance images (MRIs). However, this distinction is key to choosing the best therapeutic approach since RNs resolve often without further interventions, while relapsing BMs may require open brain surgery. Recent research has shown that RNs have a faster growth dynamics than recurrent BMs, providing a way to differentiate the two entities, but no mechanistic explanation has been provided for those observations.In this study, computational frameworks were developed based on mathematical models of increasing complexity, providing mechanistic explanations for the differential growth dynamics of BMs relapse versus RN events and explaining the observed clinical phenomenology. Simulated tumor relapses were found to have growth exponents substantially smaller than the group in which there was inflammation due to damage induced by SRS to normal brain tissue adjacent to the BMs, thus leading to RN. ROC curves with the synthetic data had an optimal threshold that maximized the sensitivity and specificity values for a growth exponentβ∗= 1.05, very close to that observed in patient datasets.Author summaryAfter treatment of brain metastases with radiation therapy, a fraction of patients experience tumor recurrences and others display radiation necrosis (RN). Clinical data shows that the growth of RNs is faster, as measured by the growth exponent, than that of recurrent brain metastases. This reflects the inflammatory nature of the former, and provides a method to distinguish RN in the clinics from relapsing metastatic lesions. A simple mathematical model for the inflammatory response and a more sophisticate discrete stochastic simulator with many biological details were been developed to provide a mechanistic explanation of the differential dynamics of tumor growth versus inflammatory responses after stereotactic radiation surgery of metastatic brain lesions.
Conserved and novel enhancers in theAedes aegypti single-mindedlocus recapitulate embryonic ventral midline gene expression
Authors: Schember Isabella , Reid William , Sterling-Lentsch Geyenna , Halfon Marc S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTTranscriptionalcis-regulatory modules, e.g., enhancers, control the time and location of metazoan gene expression. While changes in enhancers can provide a powerful force for evolution, there is also significant deep conservation of enhancers for developmentally important genes, with function and sequence characteristics maintained over hundreds of millions of years of divergence. Not well understood, however, is how the overall regulatory composition of a locus evolves, with important outstanding questions such as how many enhancers are conserved vs. novel, and to what extent are the locations of conserved enhancers within a locus maintained? We begin here to address these questions with a comparison of the respectivesingle-minded (sim)loci in the two dipteran speciesDrosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) andAedes aegypti(mosquito).simencodes a highly conserved transcription factor that mediates development of the arthropod embryonic ventral midline. We identify two enhancers in theA. aegypti simlocus and demonstrate that they function equivalently in both transgenic flies and transgenic mosquitoes. OneA. aegyptienhancer is highly similar to knownDrosophilacounterparts in its activity, location, and autoregulatory capability. The other differs from any knownDrosophila simenhancers with a novel location, failure to autoregulate, and regulation of expression in a unique subset of midline cells. Our results suggest that the conserved pattern ofsimexpression in the two species is the result of both conserved and novel regulatory sequences. Further examination of this locus will help to illuminate how the overall regulatory landscape of a conserved developmental gene evolves.AUTHOR SUMMARYThe expression patterns and roles of genes, especially those involved in core developmental processes, are often conserved over vast evolutionary distances. Paradoxically, the DNA sequences surrounding these genes, which contain thecis-regulatory sequences (enhancers) that regulate gene expression, tend to be highly diverged. The manner and extent to which enhancers are functionally conserved, and how the overall organization of regulatory sequences within a locus is preserved or restructured, is not well understood. In this paper, we investigate these questions by identifying enhancers controlling expression of a master nervous system regulatory gene namedsimin the mosquitoAedes aegypti, and comparing their functions and locations to those in the well-characterizedsimlocus of the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. Our results suggest that the two species generate identical patterns ofsimexpression through a mix of conserved and novel regulatory sequences. Continued exploration of thesimlocus in these two species will help to build a comprehensive picture of how a regulatory locus for a master developmental regulator has evolved.
Polyadenylation of mRNAs encoding secreted proteins by TENT5 family of enzymes is essential for gametogenesis in mice
Authors: Brouze Michał , Czarnocka-Cieciura Agnieszka , Gewartowska Olga , Kusio-Kobiałka Monika , Jachacy Kamil , Szpila Marcin , Tarkowski Bartosz , Gruchota Jakub , Krawczyk Paweł , Mroczek Seweryn , Borsuk Ewa , Dziembowski Andrzej 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCytoplasmic polyadenylation plays a vital role in gametogenesis, however, the participating enzymes and substrates in mammals remain unclear. Using knockout and knock-in mouse models, we describe the essential role of 4 TENT5 poly(A) polymerases in mice fertility and gametogenesis.TENT5B and TENT5C play crucial, but redundant roles in oogenesis, with double knockout of both genes leading to oocyte degeneration. Additionally, TENT5B-GFP knock-in females display gain-of-function infertility effect with multiple chromosomal aberrations in ovulated oocytes. TENT5C and TENT5D both regulate different stages of spermatogenesis, shown by sterility of males with either gene’s knockout mutation. Finally,Tent5aknockout significantly lowers fertility, although the underlying mechanism is not directly related to gametogenesis.Through Direct RNA sequencing we discovered that TENT5s polyadenylate mRNAs encoding endoplasmic reticulum-targeted proteins essential for gametogenesis. Sequence motives analysis and reporter mRNA assay revealed that the presence of endoplasmic reticulum-leader represents the primary determinant of TENT5-mediated regulation.
A unified molecular theory of sweet taste: revisit, update and beyond
Authors: Liu Bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe molecular mechanism for the generation of sweet taste is still elusive, mainly because there has no common feature revealed imparting sweetness to various sweeteners1-2, although many principles and models have been proposed to interpret their structure and activity relationships (SARs)3-8. In this research, the SARs of sweet compounds of widely different chemical families were surveyed from a “trace to the source” view on the molecular organization of their components and their interaction with the sweet taste receptor (STR). This leads to a disclosure of intrinsic connectivity patterns in both sweeteners and STR: charge complementarity and compatibility between components, which afford the complementary sweetener-receptor interaction that induces receptor activation, accounting for the molecular origin of sweet taste. Herein, the analogous topology between glucophores in sweeteners and its counterparts in receptor, and their befitting orientated interaction, which is the common molecular feature of sweeteners, are firstly revealed. This paradigm not only provides a meaningful framework and helpful guidelines for further exploring SARs and molecular modification/design of sweeteners, but also has significant implications to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of molecular origin/evolution of both sweeteners and sweet taste receptors.