bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the use of combined surface integral equations for the analysis of high contrast penetrable objects
Authors: Nazari Moein , Moini Rouzbeh , Fortin Simon , Dawalibi Farid P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccurate solutions of electromagnetic scattering problems involving objects made of materials with large permittivity contrasts are considered. Problems are formulated with different commonly used combined surface integral equations (SIEs). All studied formulations are discretised through the method of moments with rooftop basis functions over flat quadrilaterals represented as bilinear surfaces, with razor‐blade functions being used for the testing procedure. The accuracy of the results is first investigated in detail for several frequencies and permittivity values using different numerical measures. It is shown that numerical instabilities may appear at frequencies corresponding to the physical resonances of the object, in particular in the near field and for large material parameter contrasts. The example of a dielectric resonator (DR) with cubic geometry is considered for the purpose of analysis, especially since to achieve smaller DR type antennas, it is necessary to use higher contrast materials. The accuracy of the combined surface integral equations to determine the natural resonant modes of the DR is investigated. It is found that the resonance modes can be accurately determined by exploring the radar cross section (RCS) of the DR in free space only if a proper combination of the electric and magnetic fields equations is applied.
COVID-19: Kollateralschäden in der Kopf-Hals-Onkologie und Präventivmaßnahmen für künftige Pandemien
Authors: Wilhelm Christian , Radeloff Katrin , Scherzad Agmal , Scheich Matthias , Hagen Rudolf 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie führte zu enormen Herausforderungen für die globale Gesundheitsversorgung, da rasch Kapazitäten und Ressourcen für die Behandlung von COVID-19-Patienten zur Verfügung gestellt werden mussten. Dadurch kam es auch zu Einschränkungen bei der Versorgung onkologischer Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Entwicklung der Tumorinzidenzen während der Pandemie, die international erarbeiteten Richtlinien zur Versorgung von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen und Studien zur Verzögerung onkologischer Therapien sowie der Mortalität zusammen. Darüber hinaus werden Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit der Patienten, die psychosozialen Folgen sowie ethische Fragen beleuchtet. Perspektivisch werden Präventivmaßnahmen für derartige negative Kollateraleffekte bei künftigen Pandemien am Beispiel eines Konzepts für eine Applikationssoftware (App)-basierte digitale Betreuung von Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren diskutiert.
The Role of Cerclage in Subsequent Pregnancy following Previable Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Yoeli Rakefet , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Bart Yossi , Fishel Bartal Michal , Plaschkes Roni , Sebag Diklah , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha M. , Meyer Raanan , Kassif Eran 
Published: February 2023

Objective This study aimed to ascertain the outcomes associated with a cervical cerclage among individuals with a history of previable prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM).
Study Design This study was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center between 2011 and 2021. We included individuals with a history of previable (before 24 weeks) PROM and the subsequent viable pregnancy. Women with multifetal gestation, preterm birth (PTB) or cerclage in previous gestation, or abdominal cerclage after trachelectomy were excluded. Primary outcome was PTB rate (delivery <37 weeks). Recurrence of preterm PROM and adverse composite maternal and neonatal outcomes (CMO and CNO) were evaluated as secondary outcomes. CMO included any of the following: suspected chorioamnionitis, endometritis, red blood cell transfusion, uterine rupture, unplanned hysterectomy, or death. CNO included any of the following: previable PTB (<24 weeks of gestation), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, mechanical ventilation, seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or death.
Results During the study period, 118 individuals had a history of previable PROM and a documented subsequent pregnancy, out of which 74 (62.7%) met inclusion criteria. Nineteen (25.7%) of eligible individuals underwent a cerclage for prior previable PROM and were compared with controls (n = 55, 74.3%). Women who underwent a cerclage had higher rates of PTB < 37 weeks (63.2 vs. 10.9%, p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 14.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.97–49.35) and < 34 weeks (21.1 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.03; OR: 7.07, 95% CI: 1.18–42.39) compared with those without cerclage. Furthermore, recurrent preterm PROM and previable PTB rates were higher among patients who underwent cerclage. The survival curve further indicated that individuals with cerclage delivered earlier. CMO and CNO rates were similar in those with and without cerclage.
Conclusion Cerclage placement in individuals with prior previable PROM was associated with higher rates of recurrent preterm PROM and PTB.
Key Points
Regioselective Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Isoxazoles by Using a Chalcone-Rearrangement Strategy
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Nakamura Akira , Kine Tohko , Uenishi Haruna , Maki Yuri , Kase Yasuhito , Takagi Mayo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have developed a regioselective synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoles by using a chalcone-rearrangement strategy. The reaction of β-ketoacetals with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and pyridine afforded the corresponding 3,4-disubstituted isoxazoles via isoxazolines or oximes. Depending on the substrate, another disubstituted isomer was also obtained under our optimized conditions, and a reaction mechanism for each transformation is proposed.
Hetero-Diels–Alder Addition of Ethyl 2-Nitrosoacrylate to (Z)-Prop-1-enyl Ethers. Stereoselective Synthesis of a Precursor to Sacubitril
Authors: Gallos John K. , Stathakis Christos I. , Zisopoulou Stavroula A. , Andreou Thanos , Koftis Theocharis V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel, conceptually distinct synthesis of a key precursor to sacubitril, an antihypertensive drug, is presented. The well-demonstrated hetero-Diels–Alder addition of in situ generated nitrosoalkenes to electron-rich enol ethers was engaged to establish the required functionalities with controllable relative stereochemistry. An asymmetric variant of the enol ether enabled access to the target molecule in enantiopure form.
Catalyst- and Additive-Free Electrochemical CO2 Fixation into Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates
Authors: Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco , Brunetti Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical carboxylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates with CO2 is presented. The process proceeds in the absence of transition-metal catalysts and relies on the cathodic reduction of MBH acetates to generate nucleophilic anions that are able to trap low-pressure CO2. Valuable succinate derivatives are obtained (20 examples) in high yields (up to 90%) and with excellent functional group tolerance. A remarkable substrate-controlled (electronic nature) regioselectivity of the transformation is documented along with a mechanistic rationale based on control experiments.
Successful Treatment of a COVID 19-Associated Multisystem Thrombotic Event in a Young Patient in a Neurocritical Care Unit
Authors: Lakshminarasimhaiah Geetha , Rao Ridhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis case report describes a young patient with no comorbidities, who presented with two systemic thrombotic events within 24 hours of admission. She presented with a right middle cerebral artery territory infarct and developed an inferior wall myocardial infarction soon after. The hypotension was refractory to inotropes and required emergency intra-aortic balloon pump insertion. She was evaluated for prothrombotic states and other causes of stroke in young. However, the workup for the same was negative. Coronavirus disease-2019 immunoglobulin G antibody titer and inflammatory markers were found to be extremely elevated, which suggested recent severe infection. This case report throws light on the multidisciplinary management of thrombotic events, most probably secondary to coronavirus infection.
Clinical Relevance of Fungi in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Schwarz Carsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn cystic fibrosis, a new era has started with the approval and use of highly effective cystic fibrosis transport regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy. As pulmonary function is increasing and exacerbation rate significantly decreases, the current meaning of fungal pulmonary diseases is questioned. During the past couple of decades, several studies have been conducted regarding fungal colonization and infection of the airways in people with cystic fibrosis. Although Aspergillus fumigatus for filamentous fungi and Candida albicans for yeasts remain by far the most common fungal species in patients with cystic fibrosis, the pattern of fungal species associated with cystic fibrosis has considerably diversified recently. Fungi such as Scedosporium apiospermum or Exophiala dermatitidis are recognized as pathogenic in cystic fibrosis and therefore need attention in clinical settings. In this article, current definitions are stated. Important diagnostic steps are described, and their usefulness discussed. Furthermore, clinical treatment strategies and recommendations are named and evaluated. In cystic fibrosis, fungal entities can be divided into different subgroups. Besides colonization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchitis, sensitization, pneumonia, and aspergilloma can occur as a fungal disease entity. For allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and aspergilloma, clear indications for therapy exist but this is not the case for sensitization or colonization. Different pulmonary fungal disease entities in people with cystic fibrosis will continue to occur also in an era of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. Whether the percentage will decrease or not will be the task of future evaluations in studies and registry analysis. Using the established definition for different categories of fungal diseases is recommended and should be taken into account if patients are deteriorating without responding to antibiotic treatment. Drug–drug interactions, in particular when using azoles, should be recognized and therapies need to be adjusted accordingly.
Effect of Solvent Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Leaves and Stem on Lipid Profile of Poloxamer 407-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Bawa Inalegwu , Uti Daniel Ejim , Itodo Matthew Ocheleka , Umoru Grace Ufedo , Zakari Suleiman , Obeten Uket Nta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction There are claims by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria and valuable scientific reports that the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii (TV) hook are used for the treatment of various diseases; however, there is paucity of information on it used in the management of cardiovascular complications despite the rich presence of phytochemicals. This study aimed at investigating effects of solvents extracts of TV leaves and stem on lipid profile of poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats.
Materials and Methods Varying doses of the solvent extracts (water, ethanol, and acetic acid) of plant material were administered to experimental animals (Albino Wistar rats) induced with hyperlipidemia using poloxamer 407 (P-407).
Results The results of the phytochemical screening of leaves and stem revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phlobatannins, and flavonoids in powdered sample of leaves and stem of TV. Aqueous extract of the leaves had the highest yield (18.21 ± 1.12%), while acetic acid extract of stem had the lowest yield (7.21 ± 1.21%). The cholesterol and triacylglycerol level of rats induced with P-407 was significantly (p≤0.05) higher than normal rats. This study showed that aqueous extract at 50mg/kg body weight significantly (p≤0.05) lower cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol levels. Indices of cardiovascular function atherogenic coefficient, atherogenic index, coronary risk index, and cardioprotective index were positively modulated by the treatment.
Conclusion The study indicated that the aqueous leaves extract of TV possesses antihyperlipidemic effects and may explains why it has been found to be useful in the management of cardiovascular diseases by traditional medicine practitioners.
Acute Retropharyngeal Abscess in Libyan Children: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Alougly Shirin , Alhsony Alia , Elarwah Aisha , Elbragathy Suliman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background A retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is a deep neck infection that considers a medical emergency because of the possibility of serious complications including life-threatening upper airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and sepsis.
Materials and Methods We present our experience in Benghazi Children's Hospital, describing the clinical presentations, diagnostic workup, management, and the outcome of four children presented during the time period between November 2017 and November 2021 as cases of RPA secondary to penetrating trauma to the posterior pharyngeal wall either due to ingestion of a foreign body or due to manipulation of tonsils by the traditional therapist.
Results All cases presented with fever, poor feeding, and hyperextension of the neck. All were diagnosed by ultrasound and they needed surgical drainage of RPA, as they did not improve with medical treatment alone.
Conclusion A high index of suspicion is necessary for the early diagnosis and treatment of RPA. Two of our cases were presented following the manipulation of tonsils by a traditional therapist, so we attempted to emphasize this life-threatening consequence after traditional therapy, as well as the unnecessary morbidity and mortality associated with this ongoing traditional treatment in our country.
Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding—Efficacy and Biomechanics in Management of Cleft Lip and Palate: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Alkhames Hussain M. , Kodali Murali Venkata Rama Mohan , Nasir Elwalid Fadul , Hassan Mohamed , Kodali Unati Sai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPresurgical infant orthopaedics (PSIO) appliances are used in the management of cleft lip and palate. Frequently, among all PSIO appliances utilized is presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) appliance. In this review, we looked for the application of the NAM appliance, its efficacy, and biomechanics. A comprehensive search strategy was performed in two databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) for articles using NAM in the treatment plan of patients with cleft lip and palate. Six articles were included in this study with one randomized control trial, two retrospective, and three case reports studies. The studies reveal the NAM is efficient as a presurgical modality treatment for complete cleft lip and palate with multiple benefits, including reducing surgical scars and alveolar gap, used as feeding plate, improve nasal contour, and decreased the number of rectifying surgical procedure.
Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Naive, Hybrid, and Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Recovered Indian Individuals
Authors: Deepika Gujjarlapudi , Adarsh Singamsetty , Sadhana Yelamanchili , Srihitha Mahavadi , Veeraiah Namburu , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Vaccination has shown to be protective against severe coronavirus disease 2019 by various studies. However, the vaccine efficacy was demonstrated to be less against the emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Both vaccine- and infection-induced immunity against SARS-CoV-2 may prevent reinfection and severity. Our study aims to assess and compare the humoral response in heterogeneous population based on infection and vaccination status along with hybrid immunity.
Methods A retrospective, observational study of 2,545 adults was conducted. The study groups comprised of group I (n = 309) naive with a single dose of vaccination, group II (n = 357) infected and unvaccinated, group III (n = 590) completely vaccinated with two doses of vaccine, group IV (n = 70) booster dose, group V (n = 602) with hybrid immunity (pre-vaccination infection), and group VI (n = 617) with breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection). Data pertaining to demographic details, clinical presentations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies by anti SARS-CoV-2 sVNT (surrogate virus neutralization test), S1/S2IgG, S-RBD (receptor-binding domain), and ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (Covishield) vaccination were retrieved from electronic health records.
Results The mean levels of neutralizing antibodies of group V were S1/S2, RBD (10.5/14.3 times), and sVNT (84.44%) and group VI had S1/S2, RBD (11.4/11.8 times), and sVNT (78.07%) when compared to group III. We also observed a statistically significant higher immune response in group V and VI than group I and II. A higher percentage (18.2%) of group II individuals had severe disease when compared to group V and VI (6.5/10.8%).
Conclusion A single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine gives robust antibody responses in previously infected individuals and may confer long-term hybrid immunity following booster vaccination.
Electrochemical activities of Fe2O3-modified microelectrode for dopamine detection using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
Authors: Sato Nicha , Ohta Yasumi , Haruta Makito , Takehara Hironari , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Jongprateep Oratai , Ohta Jun 
Published: February 2023

Dopamine (DA) is the most important neurotransmitter involved in motor control. Abnormalities in neurotransmitter levels may indicate brain disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and depression. Herein, electrochemical sensors containing metal oxide nanoparticles were fabricated for detecting DA. Specifically, iron oxide nanoparticles were applied onto a flexible polyimide substrate to obtain a flexible microelectrode and their DA detection performance was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated sensor was evaluated via fast-scan cyclic voltammetry conducted in a DA solution at concentrations between 0 and 50 nM. The peak current corresponding to the oxidation reaction of the Fe2O3-modified microelectrode for DA was observed at an applied potential of 0.49 V. The modified microelectrode exhibited a DA response with a high sensitivity of 34.14 nA/μm2 nM and a low limit of detection of 8.76 nM. In vivo experiments were performed using a freely moving mouse. Notably, 15 min after nicotine injection, the current increased considerably. The peak current corresponded to a 10 nM concentration in the calibration curve. The co-detection of DA and serotonin was also analyzed. The results showed that only the oxidation peak of DA appeared upon applying a triangular voltage waveform. Therefore, the proposed detector is capable of overcoming the drawbacks associated with conventional detectors and can be integrated with other implantable devices.
Effects of Cr doping on the magnetic properties of one-dimensional spin chain system α–CoV2O6
Authors: Mulibana M. , Mohanty P. , Prinsloo A. R. E. , Sheppard C. J. , Jacobs B. S. 
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the structural and magnetic properties of α–CoV2O6 and Cr doped α–CoV2O6 samples synthesized using a wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and analysis indicate that α–CoV2O6 forms in a monoclinic crystal structure, with lattice parameters a = 9.26 Å, b = 3.50 Å, c = 6.62 Å, β = 111.42°, and α = γ = 90°. The magnetic properties of the compounds were probed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), by measuring the temperature, T, field, μ0H, and time, t, dependence of magnetization, M. The compounds take on an antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at 0.1 T, with an enhancement of the magnetization below 6.5 K. Cr doping resulted in an enhancement of magnetization below TN. M(μ0H) isotherms show metamagnetic transitions with a 1/3 magnetization plateau for both samples. A large hysteresis is observed for fields less than 5 T and is attributed to frozen metastable, irreversible states. M(T) data at 2.5 T and 5 T shows that the metamagnetic transitions take both compounds from an AFM to an intermediate ferrimagnetic (FI) state and ferromagnetic (FM) state at high fields. No significant changes in TN were observed with Cr doping. Zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) bifurcation was observed for fields between 1 T and 3 T, attributed to spin-glass-like freezing of the samples at TSG. The spin-glass behaviour of the samples was confirmed using the Gabay-Toulouse (G-T) line and M(t) curves.
The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Al-rich Al0.85+xSi0.15Fe2B2 compounds prepared by drop-casting
Authors: Stillwell Kyra , Kramer Noah , Birch Bryan , Reese Brandon , Pathak Arjun K. , Khan Mahmud 
Published: February 2023

Owing to the relative abundance of its constituent elements and large magnetocaloric properties observed near room temperature, the AlFe2B2 system has attracted much attention recently. Here, we have studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Al0.85+xSi0.15Fe2B2 (x = 0.2, 0.4) prepared by drop-casting followed by annealing and acid treatment. The second order ferromagnetic phase transitions were observed near room temperature (∼298–305 K) and peak magnetic entropy changes (−ΔSM) of more than −6 J kg−1 K−1 were observed for a field change of 5 T. The results are discussed in terms of the impurity phases formed in the compounds due to excess aluminum.
Magnetocaloric properties of Co-doped Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni1−xCoxSi0.94Al0.06 intermetallic alloys
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sharmistha , Kramer Noah , Hanley Christopher , Pathak Arjun K. , Khan Mahmud 
Published: February 2023

We have synthesized a series of Co-doped Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni1−xCoxSi0.94Al0.06 (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) alloys by arc melting followed by a rapidly quenched vacuum suction casting technique and studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system. All measurements were performed on the as-cast and annealed samples. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples exhibited a hexagonal phase at room temperature. Magnetization data showed that the annealed samples exhibited significantly larger transition temperatures than the as-cast samples. All samples showed the first-order phase transition with a thermomagnetic hysteresis of more than 20 K. The phase transitions were accompanied by isothermal entropy changes of as large as −16.4 J kg−1 K−1 and −42.4 J kg−1 K−1 for field changes of 20 and 50 kOe, respectively. Large refrigeration capacities and temperature averaged entropy changes of up to 201 J/kg and 34.05 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, were observed for a field change of 50 kOe.