bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of experimental forest fragmentation and fire on the funnel-web spider, Atrax sutherlandi.
Authors: Wyatt Metelman-Alvis  
Published: May 2023

Habitat fragmentation is one of the leading causes of biodiversity loss and in many regions of the world, climate change now interacts with habitat fragmentation in, as yet, unknown ways. The Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment, located in New South Wales, Australia, is one of the longest experiments of its kind, running for over 35 years. The experiment provides an excellent opportunity to examine the effects of habitat fragmentation on population changes over long time scales. In this project, I am studying the impacts of both habitat fragmentation and the Australian Black Summer Fires of 2019-2020 on the population of the funnel-web spider, Atrax sutherlandi. The fires burned for more than four months, burning more than 45 million acres of land, 30 million of which were forested, including Wog Wog. These bushfires are estimated to have killed over one billion invertebrates. I created models to examine differences in pre- and post-fire presence and abundance in fragments versus continuous forest using data collected post-fire and for five years before the fires. Here we show that habitat fragmentation and fire do not interact to impact the funnel-web spider. Our results show that funnel-web presence and abundance did not differ before or after the fires or in habitat fragments compared to continuous forest. A potential explanation for the lack of an impact of fire is that funnel-webs live in burrows in the ground, which may protect them from fire. Also, a previous study from Wog Wog shows that habitat fragmentation did not impact funnel-web abundance in the period of time before the fire, likely because the spiders are generalists and invertebrate food webs remained intact in habitat fragments. Future studies should follow funnel-webs as the burned fragment communities continue to recover.
To see the complete thesis, please visit https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/undergraduate_honors_theses/mk61rj17t.
Alaskan Wilderness 2022
Authors: Gentile Nick 
Published: May 2023

The wilderness of Alaska is a seldom-visited, rarely-captured beauty of the world. These images hope to show just a shred of the surreal nature of Alaska. Bears, Foxes, and sweeping landscapes make up a small part of my summer trip, but they were also one of the most profound experiences.
Places captured: Afognak Island, Denali State Park, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Brooks Range/Galbraith Lake, Kenai Fjords National Park
Factors affecting formula compliance of infants with IgE mediated cow's milk protein allergy during the pandemic
Authors: Uygun Dilara Kocacik , Karaatmaca Betul , Topal Erdem , Arga Mustafa , Sancakli Ozlem , Ozcan Dilek , Igde Mahir , Cekic Sukru , Bingol Gulbin , Buyuktiryaki Betul , Sackesen Cansin , Sursal Alihan , Ozdener Fatih , Bingol Aysen 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most commonly encountered food allergy in the world, usually seen in infants under the age of 2 years. This study aims to determine the factors including COVID-19 affecting formula compliance of CMPA patients.MethodsThis study is a prospective, observational study based on 10 different Paediatric Allergy-Immunology clinics in Turkey. Patients aged between 6 months and 2 years, who were followed up with IgE-mediated CMPA treatment or newly diagnosed and using breast milk and/or formula were included in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, their symptoms, the treatments they received, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to formula were evaluated with a questionnaire administered to the parents.ResultsThe compliance rate for formula-based treatment was 30.8% (IQR: 28.3, SD: 21.86). The number of patients with a single and multiple food allergy was 127 (51.6%) and 71 (28.9%), respectively. Breastfeeding duration, daily amount of prescribed formula and addition of sweetener to the formula were found to reduce compliance (p = 0.010, p = 0.003, and p = 0.004, respectively). However, it was determined that the patient's height, weight, age at diagnosis, and age of formula onset did not have a significant effect on compliance.ConclusionIt was found that the duration of breastfeeding, the increase in the daily amount of formula requirement, and the addition of sweeteners had adverse effects on formula compliance. There was no significant correlation between the formula adherence of CMPA patients and the pandemic.
A novel three dimensional-printed biomechanically evaluated patient-specific sacral implant in spinopelvic reconstruction after total en bloc sacrectomy
Authors: Lv Zhaorui , Li Jianmin , Yang Zhiping , Li Xin , Yang Qiang , Li Zhenfeng 
Published: May 2023

Background: Reconstruction after a total sacrectomy is a challenge due to the special anatomical and biomechanical factors. Conventional techniques of spinal-pelvic reconstruction do not reconstruct satisfactorily. We describe a novel three-dimensional-printed patient-specific sacral implant in spinopelvic reconstruction after total en bloc sacrectomy.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study including 12 patients with primary malignant sacral tumors, including 5 men and 7 women with a mean age of 58.25 years (range 20–66 years), undergoing total en bloc sacrectomy with 3D printed implant reconstruction from 2016 to 2021. There were 7 cases of chordoma, 3 cases of osteosarcoma, 1 case of chondrosarcoma and 1 case of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. We use CAD technology to determine surgical resection boundaries, design cutting guides, and individualized prostheses, and perform surgical simulations before surgery. The implant design was biomechanically evaluated by finite element analysis. Operative data, oncological and functional outcomes, complications, and implant osseointegration status of 12 consecutive patients were reviewed.Results: The implants were implanted successfully in 12 cases without death or severe complications during the perioperative period. Resection margins were wide in 11 patients and marginal in one patient. The average blood loss was 3875 mL (range, 2000–5,000 mL). The average surgical time was 520 min (range, 380–735 min). The mean follow-up was 38.5 months. Nine patients were alive with no evidence of disease, two patients died due to pulmonary metastases, and one patient survived with disease due to local recurrence. Overall survival was 83.33% at 24 months. The Mean VAS was 1.5 (range, 0–2). The mean MSTS score was 21 (range, 17–24). Wound complications occurred in 2 cases. A deep infection occurred in one patient and the implant was removed. No implant mechanical failure was identified. Satisfactory osseointegration was found in all patients, with a mean fusion time of 5 months (range 3–6 months).Conclusion: The 3D-printed custom sacral prosthesis has been effective in reconstructing spinal-pelvic stability after total en bloc sacrectomy with satisfactory clinical outcomes, excellent osseointegration, and excellent durability.
Metabolite abundance in bovine preovulatory follicular fluid is influenced by follicle developmental progression post estrous onset in cattle
Authors: Hessock Emma A. , Edwards J. Lannett , Schrick F. Neal , Payton Rebecca R. , Campagna Shawn R. , Pollock Abigayle B. , Clark Hannah M. , Stokes Allyson E. , Klabnik Jessica L. , Hill Kennedy S. , Roberts Samantha R. , Hinson Meredith G. , Moorey Sarah E. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Preovulatory follicle response to the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge leads to metabolic, molecular, and functional changes in the oocyte and somatic follicular cells from the onset of estrus to ovulation. Follicular fluid contains metabolites, miRNAs, proteins, and hormones that are byproducts of follicular metabolism and support cellular processes of oocyte, cumulus, and granulosa constituents. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of follicular fluid composition to support fertility, but critical gaps exist toward understanding dynamic modifications in the follicular fluid metabolome from estrous onset to ovulation. The hypothesis was that abundance of follicular fluid metabolites is dependent on follicle progression post LH surge and variability in follicular fluid metabolome profiles indicate key processes required for preparation of the follicle and oocyte for optimal fertility. The objective was to generate preovulatory follicular fluid metabolome profiles and discern differences in the metabolome of preovulatory follicular fluid samples collected at onset of estrus, 11 h post estrous onset, and 18 h post estrous onset.Methods: Estrus was synchronized in non-lactating Jersey cows (n=40) and follicular fluid was collected immediately after the first observed standing mount (hr 0) or at approximately h 11 or 18 after the first standing mount. Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry was performed on preovulatory follicular fluid samples (n = 9 collected at hr 0, 9 at h 11, and 10 at h 18) and a multiple linear model was performed to determine if time post estrous onset impacted metabolite abundance.Results: Metabolites influenced by time post estrous onset were tested for enrichment in KEGG pathways. Ninety metabolites were identified in follicular fluid samples. Twenty metabolites differed in abundance among timepoints post estrous onset (p ≤ 0.05). Pathways corresponding to amino acid and energy metabolism were enriched with metabolites impacted by time post estrous onset (FDR ≤ 0.10).Discussion: Results from the current study indicate early response to the LH surge to increase bioavailability of amino acids and metabolites used by the cumulus and granulosa cells for energy production and shuttled into the oocyte to support meiotic maturation. Such metabolites may later be used by the ovulatory follicle for protein production.
Biochemical, structural characterization and in-vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activities of nanosuspensions of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract
Authors: Nawaz Aqsa , Ali Tayyab , Naeem Muhammad , Hussain Fatma , Li Zhiye , Nasir Abdul 
Published: May 2023

Cinnamomum zeylanicum is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Its therapeutic efficacy using nanosuspensions is still unclear for treating infectious diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the bioactivities, biochemical characterization, and bioavailability of freshly prepared nanosuspensions of C. zeylanicum. Structural and biochemical characterization of C. zeylanicum and its biological activities, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiglycation, α-amylase inhibition, and cytotoxicity was performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). C. zeylanicum extract and nanosuspensions showed TPCs values of 341.88 and 39.51 mg GAE/100 g while showing TFCs as 429.19 and 239.26 mg CE/100g, respectively. DPPH inhibition potential of C. zeylanicum extract and nanosuspension was 27.3% and 10.6%, respectively. Biofilm inhibition activity revealed that bark extract and nanosuspension showed excessive growth restraint against Escherichia coli, reaching 67.11% and 66.09%, respectively. The α-amylase inhibition assay of extract and nanosuspension was 39.3% and 6.3%, while the antiglycation activity of nanosuspension and extract was 42.14% and 53.76%, respectively. Extracts and nanosuspensions showed maximum hemolysis at 54.78% and 19.89%, respectively. Results indicated that nanosuspensions possessed antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Further study, however, is needed to assess the clinical studies for the therapeutic use of nanosuspensions.
Microbial traces found in microdolomite associated with seep-related shallow gas hydrate
Authors: Shiraishi Fumito , Akimoto Takayuki , Tomioka Naotaka , Takahashi Yoshio , Matsumoto Ryo , Snyder Glen T. 
Published: May 2023

Recently, microdolomite grains with a diameter of about 30–150 μm were discovered within seep-related shallow gas hydrate in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, and the preliminary assumption has been that their formation is mediated by microbially secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). To verify this interpretation, the present study investigates the characteristics of minerals and organic matter inside the microdolomite grains. Observation by polarizing microscopy reveals that the microdolomite grains generally consist of combinations of distinct cores and external cements. The cores are mostly dark or cloudy and their abundance does not show clear depth dependence, while the external cements are generally isopachous in the shallow part and polygonal in the deeper portions. To further clarify the characteristics of these cores and external cements, thin-foil sections were prepared from two major types of microdolomite, one with a dark core and polygonal external cement, and one with a cloudy core and isopachous external cement. These thin-foil sections were then analyzed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the dark core, fibriform pores of about 100 nm diameter were observed to be closely related with amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and carboxy groups, likely created by heterogeneous nucleation on microbial EPS surfaces. The polygonal external cement is composed of monocrystalline dolomite, representing slow crystal growth in the deeper part where hydrate formation is less active. On the other hand, the observed cloudy core and the isopachous external cement are, respectively, composed of scattered and accumulated rhombohedral dolomite crystals, presumably resulting from homogeneous nucleation in saline pockets of rapidly growing hydrate and subsequent crystal accumulation on the surface of spherical oil films.
Prognostic immune markers identifying patients with severe COVID-19 who respond to tocilizumab
Authors: De Biasi Sara , Mattioli Marco , Meschiari Marianna , Lo Tartaro Domenico , Paolini Annamaria , Borella Rebecca , Neroni Anita , Fidanza Lucia , Busani Stefano , Girardis Massimo , Coppi Francesca , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Guaraldi Giovanni , Mussini Cristina , Cossarizza Andrea , Gibellini Lara 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionA growing number of evidences suggest that the combination of hyperinflammation, dysregulated T and B cell response and cytokine storm play a major role in the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19. IL-6 is one of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines and its levels are increased during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several observational and randomized studies demonstrated that tocilizumab, an IL-6R blocker, improves survival in critically ill patients both in infectious disease and intensive care units. However, despite transforming the treatment options for COVID-19, IL-6R inhibition is still ineffective in a fraction of patients.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the impact of two doses of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 who responded or not to the treatment by analyzing a panel of cytokines, chemokines and other soluble factors, along with the composition of peripheral immune cells, paying a particular attention to T and B lymphocytes.ResultsWe observed that, in comparison with non-responders, those who responded to tocilizumab had different levels of several cytokines and different T and B cells proportions before starting therapy. Moreover, in these patients, tocilizumab was further able to modify the landscape of the aforementioned soluble molecules and cellular markers.ConclusionsWe found that tocilizumab has pleiotropic effects and that clinical response to this drug remain heterogenous. Our data suggest that it is possible to identify patients who will respond to treatment and that the administration of tocilizumab is able to restore the immune balance through the re-establishment of different cell populations affected by SARS-COV-2 infection, highlighting the importance of temporal examination of the pathological features from the diagnosis.
Clinical translation of anti-inflammatory effects of Prevotella histicola in Th1, Th2, and Th17 inflammation
Authors: Itano Andrea , Maslin Douglas , Ramani Kritika , Mehraei Golbarg , Carpenter Nancy , Cormack Taylor , Saghari Mahdi , Moerland Matthijs , Troy Erin , Caffry Will , Wardwell-Scott Leslie , Abel Stuart , McHale Duncan , Bodmer Mark 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionEDP1815 is a non-colonizing pharmaceutical preparation of a single stain of Prevotella histicola isolated from the duodenum of a human donor. We report here preclinical and clinical studies showing that the action of EDP1815, an orally delivered and gut restricted single strain of commensal bacteria can regulate inflammatory responses throughout the body.MethodsSupported by evidence for anti-inflammatory activity in three preclinical mouse models of Th1-, TH2-, and Th17-mediated inflammation, EDP1815 was tested clinically in three Phase 1b studies in patients with psoriasis, patients with atopic dermatitis, and healthy volunteers in a KLH skin challenge model.ResultsPreclinically, EDP1815 was efficacious in all three mouse models of inflammation, showing reduction in skin inflammation as well as related tissue cytokines. In the Phase 1b studies, EDP1815 was found to be well tolerated by participants, with a safety profile comparable to placebo, including no severe or consistent side-effects reported, and no evidence of immunosuppression with no opportunistic infection occurring in these studies. In psoriasis patients, signs of clinical efficacy were seen after 4 weeks of treatment, which continued beyond the treatment period in the higher-dose cohort. In atopic dermatitis patients, improvements were seen throughout the key physician-and patient-reported outcomes. In a healthy-volunteer study of a KLH-induced skin inflammatory response, consistent anti-inflammatory effects were seen in two cohorts through imaging-based measures of skin inflammation.DiscussionThis is the first report demonstrating clinical effects from targeting peripheral inflammation with a non-colonizing gut-restricted single strain of commensal bacteria, providing proof of concept for a new class of medicines. These clinical effects occur without systemic exposure of EDP1815 or modification of the resident gut microbiota, and with placebo-like safety and tolerability. The breadth of these clinical effects of EDP1815, combined with its excellent safety and tolerability profile and oral administration, suggests the potential for a new type of effective, safe, oral, and accessible anti-inflammatory medicine to treat the wide range of diseases driven by inflammation.Clinical Trial Registration: EudraCT # 2018-002807-32; EudraCT # 2018-002807-32; NL8676; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03733353; http://www.trialregister.nl.
Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Banar Maryam , Sattari-Maraji Azin , Bayatinejad Ghazal , Ebrahimi Elahe , Jabalameli Leila , Beigverdi Reza , Emaneini Mohammad , Jabalameli Fereshteh 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionStenotrophomonas maltophiliais a little-known environmental opportunistic bacterium that can cause broad-spectrum infections. Despite the importance of this bacterium as an emerging drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, a comprehensive analysis of its prevalence and resistance to antibiotics has not yet been conducted.MethodsA systematic search was performed using four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to October 2019. Out of 6,770 records, 179 were documented in the current meta-analysis according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 95 studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis.ResultsPresent analysis revealed that the global pooled prevalence ofS. maltophiliawas 5.3 % [95% CI, 4.1–6.7%], with a higher prevalence in the Western Pacific Region [10.5%; 95% CI, 5.7–18.6%] and a lower prevalence in the American regions [4.3%; 95% CI, 3.2–5.7%]. Based on our meta-analysis, the highest antibiotic resistance rate was against cefuroxime [99.1%; 95% CI, 97.3–99.7%], while the lowest resistance was correlated with minocycline [4·8%; 95% CI, 2.6–8.8%].DiscussionThe results of this study indicated that the prevalence ofS. maltophiliainfections has been increasing over time. A comparison of the antibiotic resistance ofS. maltophiliabefore and after 2010 suggested there was an increasing trend in the resistance to some antibiotics, such as tigecycline and ticarcillin-clavulanic acid. However, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is still considered an effective antibiotic for treatingS. maltophiliainfections.
A theoretical model of dietary lipid variance as the origin of primary ciliary dysfunction in preeclampsia
Authors: Hart Nancy R. 
Published: May 2023

Serving as the cell’s key interface in communicating with the outside world, primary cilia have emerged as an area of multidisciplinary research interest over the last 2 decades. Although the term “ciliopathy” was first used to describe abnormal cilia caused by gene mutations, recent studies focus on abnormalities of cilia that are found in diseases without clear genetic antecedents, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Preeclampsia, a hypertensive disease of pregnancy, is intensely studied as a model for cardiovascular disease partially due to many shared pathophysiologic elements, but also because changes that develop over decades in cardiovascular disease arise in days with preeclampsia yet resolve rapidly after delivery, thus providing a time-lapse view of the development of cardiovascular pathology. As with genetic primary ciliopathies, preeclampsia affects multiple organ systems. While aspirin delays the onset of preeclampsia, there is no cure other than delivery. The primary etiology of preeclampsia is unknown; however, recent reviews emphasize the fundamental role of abnormal placentation. During normal embryonic development, trophoblastic cells, which arise from the outer layer of the 4-day-old blastocyst, invade the maternal endometrium and establish extensive placental vascular connections between mother and fetus. In primary cilia of trophoblasts, Hedgehog and Wnt/catenin signaling operate upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor to advance placental angiogenesis in a process that is promoted by accessible membrane cholesterol. In preeclampsia, impaired proangiogenic signaling combined with an increase in apoptotic signaling results in shallow invasion and inadequate placental function. Recent studies show primary cilia in preeclampsia to be fewer in number and shortened with functional signaling abnormalities. Presented here is a model that integrates preeclampsia lipidomics and physiology with the molecular mechanisms of liquid–liquid phase separation in model membrane studies and the known changes in human dietary lipids over the last century to explain how changes in dietary lipids might reduce accessible membrane cholesterol and give rise to shortened cilia and defects in angiogenic signaling, which underlie placental dysfunction of preeclampsia. This model offers a possible mechanism for non-genetic dysfunction in cilia and proposes a proof-of-concept study to treat preeclampsia with dietary lipids.