bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health behavior profiles in young survivors of childhood cancer: Findings from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Webster Rachel Tillery , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Gordon Mallorie L. , Partin Robyn E. , Kunin‐Batson Alicia S. , Brinkman Tara M. , Willard Victoria W. , Allen Jennifer M. , Alberts Nicole M. , Lanctot Jennifer Q. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Li Zhenghong , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Ness Kirsten K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited understanding of associations between a combination of health behaviors (physical activity, sedentary/screen‐time, diet) and cardiometabolic health risk factors, physical performance, and emotional health among young (<18) childhood cancer survivors (CCS). The aims of this research were to address this gap by 1) deriving health behavior adherence profiles among CCS, and 2) examining associations among demographic, diagnosis and/or treatment exposures, cardiometabolic, physical performance, and emotional functioning with health behavior profile membership.MethodsParticipants included 397 CCS (≥5 years post‐diagnosis; 10–17 years old) enrolled in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study who completed physical health evaluations and questionnaires assessing health behaviors and psychological functioning. Latent profile analysis was used to derive profiles of health behavior adherence. Logistic regression and t‐tests were used to examine mean‐level differences and associations between profile membership with demographic, diagnosis, treatment exposures, cardiometabolic health, psychological functioning, and physical performance.ResultsTwo profiles emerged: inactive‐unhealthy‐diet (“IU”) and active‐sedentary‐unhealthy‐diet (“ASU”) to guidelines. More participants in IU demonstrated higher resting heart rate (mean [M], 76.54; SD = 12.00) and lower motor proficiency scores (M = 34.73; SD = 29.15) compared to ASU (resting heart rate, M = 71.95, SD = 10.74; motor proficiency, M = 50.40, SD = 31.02).ConclusionsCCS exhibited low adherence to multiple health behavior guidelines, with adherence patterns differentially associated with cardiometabolic health (i.e., resting heart rate) and physical performance. However, robust protection against all health variables was not observed. Findings suggest interventions designed to improve health outcomes should target multiple health behaviors simultaneously.Plain Language Summary

Pediatric cancer survivors are at‐risk for detrimental health outcomes associated with cancer and treatment.
Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors serves to reduce health vulnerabilities among adult survivors but less is known about associations with lifestyle behaviors on young survivors.
This study documents patterns of lifestyle behaviors among survivors of pediatric cancer, factors that increase susceptibility to nonadherence, and associations among lifestyle behaviors and health indicators.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis managed with different cytoreductive methods
Authors: Christakopoulos Georgios E. , Walker Kendra N. , Smith Jesse , Takemoto Clifford M. , Zheng Yan , Pui Ching‐Hon , Ribeiro Raul C. , Wang Lei , Pounds Stanley B. , Rubnitz Jeffrey E. , Inaba Hiroto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperleukocytosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been associated with worse outcomes. For cytoreduction, leukapheresis has been used but its clinical utility is unknown, and low‐dose cytarabine (LD‐cytarabine) is used as an alternative method.MethodsChildren with newly diagnosed AML treated between 1997 and 2017 in institutional protocols were studied. Hyperleukocytosis was defined as a leukocyte count of ≥100 × 109/L at diagnosis. Clinical characteristics, early complications, survival data, and effects of cytoreductive methods were reviewed. Among 324 children with newly diagnosed AML, 49 (15.1%) presented with hyperleukocytosis. Initial management of hyperleukocytosis included leukapheresis or exchange transfusion (n = 16, considered as one group), LD‐cytarabine (n = 18), hydroxyurea (n = 1), and no leukoreduction (n = 14).ResultsCompared with patients who received leukapheresis, the percentage decrease in leukocyte counts following intervention was greater among those who received LD‐cytarabine (48% vs. 75%; p = .02), with longer median time from diagnosis to initiation of protocol therapy (28.1 vs. 95.2 hours; p < .001). The incidence of infection was higher in patients (38%) who had leukapheresis than those who receive LD‐cytarabine (0%) or leukoreduction with protocol therapy (14%) (p = .008). No differences were noted in the outcomes among the intervention groups. Although patients with hyperleukocytosis had higher incidences of pulmonary and metabolic complications than did those without, no early deaths occurred, and the complete remission, event‐free survival, overall survival rates, and outcomes of both groups were similar.ConclusionLD‐cytarabine treatment appears to be a safe and effective means of cytoreduction for children with AML and hyperleukocytosis.
Synthesis of Ce‐Doped MIL‐125‐NH2 for Promoting Catalytic H2O2 Production from Water and O2 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Yan Baolin , Hu Shen , Bu Chunyan , Peng Yi'an , Han Huaize , Xu Xinghang , Liu Yihan , Yu Jianxiang , Dai Yuhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the direct utilizing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as promising photocatalysts for H2O2 production, their activity and selectivity are still undesirable owing to the insufficient active centers, weak visible‐light absorption, and limited charge transfer. Herein, the Ce‐doped Ti‐based MOFs MIL‐125‐NH2 photocatalysts (Ce/TiMOFs) were synthesized by a facile impregnation‐coordination method, during which the doped Ce species could not only extend the visible‐light absorption edge but also provide new reactive sites for promoting the charge transfer and selectivity of two‐electron O2 reduction. Interestingly, the optimal Ce/TiMOFs‐0.010 achieved a rate of H2O2 yield of 2464 μM h−1 g−1 with ∼3.4‐fold improvement compared to TiMOFs, attributed to the faster conversion rate of the main reactive oxygen intermediates (⋅O2−) and improved average transfer electron number. This work provides an effective strategy to optimize the photocatalytic performances of MOFs and expands the application of MOFs in the sustainable energy production field.
Graphene Enhanced Photo‐Electrochemical Water Splitting by Diminishing Pt/p‐Si Photocathode Interfacial Barrier
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong , Yu Xue , Li Jiangli , Li Hao , Wang Shuai , Xu Yuchen , Ma Yanqing , Ma Lei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConverting solar energy into hydrogen by photo‐electrochemical cells is believed to be one of the most promising strategies to acquire clean energy. However, one barricade for further improving the performance of the photocathode system is flattening of the Schottky barrier formed at the interface between the p‐type photo‐absorber and metal co‐catalyst (e. g. Pt/p‐Si) due to the mismatch of their Fermi levels. Here, we present a facile way of making photocathodes by transferring high‐quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene onto p‐type Si as a buffer layer, which can effectively diminish the Pt/p‐Si interfacial barrier and promote charge separation efficiency, hence, improving the photo‐electrochemical performance of such a device for hydrogen generation. The measured photocurrent density is 3.9 times higher than that achieved without graphene buffer. This approach offers a novel route to decrease the Pt/p‐Si interfacial barrier for developing highly efficient solar conversion systems in the future. It can easily be extended to many other photocathode systems.
Liquid Redoxmers for Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Robertson Lily A. , Afsar Uddin Mohammad , Shkrob Ilya A. , Moore Jeffrey S. , Zhang Lu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRedoxmers are organic active molecules storing electrochemical energy in nonaqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs). Increasing the solubility of redoxmers is an important approach for increasing energy density of NRFBs as effective redoxmer concentration determines how much electricity can be stored in a given volume. Molecular engineering redoxmers towards liquid forms is regarded as one promising strategy as liquid redoxmers represent an extreme scenario where fluidity is maintained at maximum concentration using a minimum amount of supporting solvents. In this Perspective, recent examples of liquid redoxmers as well as their development strategy will be discussed.
Landscape experiments unlock relationships among habitat loss, fragmentation, and patch‐size effects
Authors: Fletcher Robert J. , Smith Thomas A. H. , Kortessis Nicholas , Bruna Emilio M. , Holt Robert D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHabitat loss is often considered the greatest near‐term threat to biodiversity, while the impact of habitat fragmentation remains intensely debated. A key issue of this debate centers on the problem of scale–landscape or patch–at which to assess the consequences of fragmentation. Yet patterns are often confounded across scales, and experimental designs that could solve this scaling problem remain scarce. We conducted two field experiments in 30 experimental landscapes in which we manipulated habitat loss, fragmentation, and patch size for a community of four insect herbivores that specialize on the cactusOpuntia. In the first experiment, we destroyed 2088Opuntiapatches in either aggregated or random patterns and compared the relative effects of landscape‐scale loss and fragmentation to those of local patch size on species occurrence. This experiment focused on manipulating the relative separation of remaining patches, where we hypothesized that aggregated loss would disrupt dispersal more than random loss, leading to lower occurrence. In the second experiment, we destroyed 759Opuntiapatches to generate landscapes that varied in patch number and size for a given amount of habitat loss and assessed species occurrence. This experiment focused on manipulating the subdivision of remaining habitat, where we hypothesized that an increase in the number of patches for a given amount of loss would lead to negative effects on occurrence. For both, we expected that occurrence would increase with patch size. We find strong evidence for landscape‐scale effects of habitat fragmentation, with aggregated loss and a larger number of patches for a given amount of habitat loss leading to a lower frequency of patches occupied in landscapes. In both experiments, occurrence increased with patch size, yet interactions of patch size and landscape‐scale loss and fragmentation drove species occurrence in patches. Importantly, the direction of effects were consistent across scales and effects of patch size were sufficient to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation across entire landscapes. Our experimental results suggest that changes at both the patch and landscape scales can impact populations, but that a long‐standing pattern—the patch‐size effect—captures much of the key variation shaping patterns of species occurrence.
Esophageal and gastric cancer incidence trends in Golestan, Iran: An age‐period‐cohort analysis 2004 to 2018
Authors: Ghasemi‐Kebria Fatemeh , Semnani Shahryar , Fazel Abdolreza , Etemadi Arash , Amiriani Taghi , Naeimi‐Tabiei Mohammad , Hasanpour‐Heidari Susan , Salamat Faezeh , Jafari‐Delouie Nastaran , Sedaghat SeyyedMehdi , Sadeghzadeh Hamideh , Akbari Mahnaz , Mehrjerdian Mahshid , Weiderpass Elisabete , Roshandel Gholamreza , Bray Freddie , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGolestan province in the northeast of Iran is part of the Asian esophageal cancer belt and is known as a high‐risk area for esophageal (EC) and gastric cancers (GC). Data on incident cases of EC and GC during 2004 to 2018 were obtained from the Golestan Population‐based Cancer Registry (GPCR). The age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated and presented per 100 000 person‐years. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. We also fitted age‐period‐cohort (APC) models to assess nonlinear period and cohort effects as incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Overall, 3004 new cases of EC (ASR = 15.7) and 3553 cases of GC (ASR = 18.3) were registered in the GPCR. We found significant decreasing trends in incidence rates of EC (EAPC = −5.0; 95% CI: −7.8 to −2.2) and less marked nonsignificant trends for GC (EAPC = −1.4; 95% CI: −4.0 to 1.4) during 2004 to 2018. There was a strong cohort effect for EC with a consistent decrease in the IRR across successive birth cohorts, starting with the oldest birth cohort (1924; IRR = 1.9 vs the reference birth cohort of 1947) through to the most recent cohort born in 1988 (IRR = 0.1). The marked declines in EC incidence rates in Golestan relate to generational changes in its underlying risk factors. Despite favorable trends, this population remains at high risk of both EC and GC. Further studies are warranted to measure the impact of the major risk factors on incidence with a view to designing effective preventative programs.
Capital flows to emerging economies and global risk aversion during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Alba Carlos , Cuadra Gabriel , Hernandez Juan R. , Ibarra Raul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper analyses recent changes in the relative importance of the determinants of capital flows to emerging market economies. For this purpose, we estimate vector autoregressive (VAR) models for the period 2009–2021. Based on these models, we estimate the effects on debt flows from shocks to their determinants. Then, we quantify the contribution of each of the variables included in the model to explain the evolution of these flows in each month of the sample through a historical decomposition analysis. The main results indicate that the contribution of global risk aversion to explain the evolution of debt flows increased during March 2020 compared to the past, although its relative importance has decreased since, particularly as central banks in systemically important economies restored liquidity and the performance of financial markets improved.
A short review on catalytic hydrogenation of fructose into mannitol
Authors: Alexzman Zulaikha A. , Ibrahim Mohd L. , Annuar Nur Hazirah R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by increased use of fossil fuels is one of the primary causes of climate change. Catalytic hydrogenation of fructose is seen as an alternative method for addressing this issue, as it converts biomass into useful compounds via the hydrogenation reaction. Unfortunately, catalyst inactivation has restricted its industrial application. The creation of novel catalysts with the potential to raise the hydrogenation reaction's efficiency has thus attracted a lot of attention. Most literature has revealed that Ru‐based and bimetallic Cu–Ni‐based catalysts possess high catalytic activity. The type of metal, the supporting material and the reaction conditions have a considerable impact on the performance of the catalysts. An overview of fructose hydrogenation over numerous heterogeneous catalysts is the goal of this review. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Mixed methods evaluation of an oral health education program for pediatric dental, medical and nursing providers
Authors: Gomez Francisco Ramos , Kinsler Janni J. , Love‐Bibbero Laurie , Garell Cambria , Wang Yan , Pike Nancy A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the application of knowledge, attitudes, and skills learned in an oral health education program among pediatric dental and medical residents, and pediatric and family nurse practitioners (PNPs and FNPs).MethodsA mixed methods study design included a year‐end online survey and focus groups. Eighty participants completed the survey (94%) and seven focus groups were conducted (n = 69) representing each of the four cohorts in 2020–2022. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in survey responses by dental/medical specialty. Focus group audio recordings were analyzed using Atlas.ti.22 to identify common themes.ResultsThe program increased knowledge and skills in oral health core competencies and positive attitudes regarding oral health education. All PNPs (100%) and most pediatric medical residents (94%) and FNPs (91%) strongly agreed/agreed that the oral health program led to an increase in screening for early childhood caries, more confidence in applying fluoride varnish and providing oral health anticipatory guidance during patient visits. Most pediatric medical residents, PNPs and FNPS (98%) strongly agreed/agreed that primary care providers should incorporate oral health into their practice and provide referrals to dental professionals as part of well‐child visits.ConclusionsThe program improved oral health‐related knowledge, attitudes and skills among dental and medical primary care providers. Future oral health education programs for health care professionals can use this model to help bridge the gap between dental and primary care and ultimately improve access to preventive oral health care for children and families.
Assessment of current clinical practice throughout the UK for the diagnosis and management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Choudhuri Satarupa , Rainone Francesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the inception of the term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) in 2012 by the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group, there have been no consensus guidelines specifically pertaining to the UK regarding to patient management. We aimed to identify both regional and cross‐discipline variation in current clinical practice, to provide insight and rationale for a potential standardised pathway in the future. A national survey of 88 consultants from the disciplines of haematology and nephrology was conducted between June 2020 and July 2021. Agreement was evident for aspects of the diagnostic pathway, including presenting features likely to raise suspicion of MGRS and the most pertinent confounding factors to consider before renal biopsy. However, significant variability was identified in both the cohort of diagnostic tests used, as well as urinary work‐up for patients with suspected MGRS. Treatment and monitoring frequency was also an aspect of management identified as variable. Despite differences in clinical practice across the UK, MGRS diagnosis was widely regarded to be the joint responsibility of both disciplines. The results provide an indication of inter‐regional and interdisciplinary differences in practice, highlighting the need for improved awareness and standardised protocol for management of MGRS that applies to the UK population.
The hard part we often forget: providing care to children and adolescents with advanced HIV disease
Authors: Frigati Lisa Jane , Gibb Diana , Harwell Joseph , Kose Judith , Musiime Victor , Rabie Helena , Rangaraj Ajay , Rojo Pablo , Turkova Anna , Penazzato Martina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany children and adolescents living with HIV still present with severe immunosuppression with morbidity and mortality remaining high in those starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) when hospitalized.DiscussionThe major causes of morbidity and mortality in children living with HIV are pneumonia, tuberculosis, bloodstream infections, diarrhoeal disease and severe acute malnutrition. In contrast to adults, cryptococcal meningitis is rare in children under 5 years of age but increases in adolescence. In 2021, the World Health Organizations (WHO) consolidated guidelines for managing HIV disease and rapid ART included recommendations for children and adolescents. In addition, a WHO technical brief released in 2020 highlighted the various interventions that are specifically related to children and adolescents with advanced HIV disease (AHD). We discuss the common clinical presentations of children and adolescents with AHD with a focus on diagnosis, prevention and treatment, highlight some of the challenges in the implementation of the existing package of care, and emphasize the importance of additional research to address the needs of children and adolescents with AHD.ConclusionsThere are limited data informing these recommendations and an urgent need for further research on how to implement optimal strategies to ensure tailored approaches to prevent and treat AHD in children and adolescents. Holistic care that goes beyond a simple choice of ART regimen should be provided to all children and adolescents with AHD.
Long‐term outcomes of rapid antiretroviral NNRTI‐based initiation among Thai youth living with HIV: a national registry database study
Authors: Teeraananchai Sirinya , Kerr Stephen J. , Ruxrungtham Kiat , Khananuraksa Panthep , Puthanakit Thanyawee 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe Thai National AIDS programme (NAP) treatment guidelines have recommended rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, regardless of CD4 count since 2014. We assessed treatment outcomes among youth living with HIV (YLHIV), initiating first‐line ART and assessed the association between virological failure (VF) and timing of ART initiation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data for YLHIV aged 15–24 years, initiating non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based ART from 2014 to 2019, through the NAP database. We classified the timing of ART into three groups based on duration from HIV‐positive diagnosis or system registration to ART initiation: (1) <1 month (rapid ART); (2) 1–3 months (intermediate ART); and (3) >3 months (delayed ART). VF was defined as viral load (VL) ≥ 1000 copies/ml after at least 6 months of first‐line ART. Factors associated with VF were analysed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsOf 19,825 YLHIV who started ART, 78% were male. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 21 (20–23) years and CD4 count was 338 (187–498) cells/mm3. After registration, 12,216 (62%) started rapid ART, 4272 (22%) intermediate ART and 3337 (17%) delayed ART. The proportion of YLHIV starting ART <30 days significantly increased from 43% to 57% from 2014–2016 to 2017–2019 (p < 0.001). The median duration of first‐line therapy was 2 (IQR 1–3) years and 89% started with efavirenz‐based regimens. Attrition outcomes showed that 325 (2%) died (0.73 [95% CI 0.65–0.81] per 100 person‐years [PY]) and 1762 (9%) were loss to follow‐up (3.96 [95% CI 3.78–4.15] per 100 PY). Of 17,512 (88%) who had VL checked from 6 to 12 months after starting treatment, 80% achieved VL <200 copies/ml. Overall, 2512 experienced VF 5.87 (95% CI 5.65–6.11) per 100 PY). In a multivariate model, the adjusted incidence rate ratio for VF was 1.47 (95% CI 1.33–1.63, p < 0.001) in the delayed ART group and 1.14 (95% CI 1.03–1.25, p< 0.001) in the intermediate ART group, compared to YLHIV in the rapid ART group.ConclusionsRapid ART initiation after diagnosis was associated with significantly reduced risks of VF and death in YLHIV, supporting the implementation of rapid ART for optimizing health outcomes.