bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Copper and Zinc in Full-term Pregnancy and İts Effect on Apgar Score
Authors: Yazar Hayrullah , Yuvacı Hilal Uslu , Elmas Bahri 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Our aim in this study; is to determine zinc, copper and copper/zinc ratios in third-trimester pregnant women with a new laboratory method.
Methods: In this research conducted on 59 pregnant women in the last trimester, Those diagnosed with preeclampsia, preterm birth, postmaturity, and gestational diabetes were excluded from the study. In pregnant blood serums, zinc and copper levels were studied on fully automatic analyzers with a new method. The new technique kits used in the study are Rel Assay Diagnostics brand. The zinc ion reacted with 5-Br-PAPS and gave an absorbance at a wavelength of 548 nm in direct proportion to the total zinc level. The copper ion reacted with 3,5-DiBr-PAESA and showed absorbance at 572 nm in direct proportion to the total copper level. Zinc and copper measurements were made in this way by the colourimetric method. Additionally, copper/zinc ratios were calculated. In addition, determined the APGAR (Activity-Pulse-Grimace-Appearance-Respiration) score of the babies. Statistical studies of the obtained data were performed at p<0.05 significance level.
Results: Zinc and copper parameters; No statistically significant relationship was found in the analyzes performed with gestational age, gestational week, birth weight, APGAR score, gravida and the number of living children (p>0.05). In addition, it was observed that there was no difference in zinc and copper/zinc ratios in the evaluations made according to the gender of the baby (p>0.05). On the other hand, copper levels in pregnant women; were found to be significantly higher in female fetuses (200.72±36.36) than in males (164.17±42.47) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Although the copper values of pregnant women with female fetuses are significantly higher, these results require more comprehensive studies. On the other hand, there is not relationship between zinc, copper and copper/zinc values and APGAR scores.
Multiple Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli and Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes
Authors: Anayo Ugo U. , Okechukwu Nna E. , Ngozi Onyemelukwe F. , Aisida Samson O. , Anyachukwu Canice C. 
Published: March 2023

Quinolone antibiotics have been commonly used to treat cases of multiple antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, quinolone antibiotics have so much been resisted by infectious bacterial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of some clinical isolates of E. coli to some commonly used quinolone antibiotics and the determination of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance genes.
Our results showed the plasmid quinolone-resistance genes in the following prevalence: qnr genes: qnr S (71.4 %); qnr B (15.4 %); qnr S and B (12.1 %); aac (6) lb-cr (4 %); Efflux genes: oqxA (7.7 %); oqxB (25.3 %); qepA (12.1 %); oqxA and oqxB (5.5 %). We conclude that there is a high frequency of Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from clinical samples in South-Eastern Nigeria. These could be responsible for the high incidence of quinolone resistance reported in Enugu. There is a need for whole-genome sequencing to map out all resistance genes.
Effect of Nutrient Management and Crop Residue Incorporation on Phosphorus Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L) at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Reddy U. Vijaya Bhaskar , Reddy G. Prabhakara , Reddy M. Srinivasa 
Published: March 2023

The uptake of phosphorus was found to increase with each successive increase in nitrogen level from 200 to 300 kg ha-1 and up to 60 kg ha-1 with increase in age of the crop with higher uptake at 300 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop sown in N3P3 (300 kg N + 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) recorded significantly higher phosphorus uptake by grain. Higher nutrient uptake was recorded in F2 (125% of F1) and F4 (F2+ Kharif crop residue incorporation), while the sub plot F1 (Recommended dose of N and P2O5) and F3 (F1+ Kharif crop residue incorporation) recorded lower nutrient uptake during both the years. The uptake of phosphorus by maize increased with each successive increment of nitrogen and phosphorus but the trend is not consistent. The higher level of nutrients supplied through increased dose of nitrogen along with phosphorus is conducive for extensive root proliferation, to explore a greater volume of soil and absorb larger quantities of nutrients. Enhanced uptake of nutrients often tends to correlate positively with dry matter production and concentration of nutrients in the plant under higher level of nutrient supply. Residues of corn did not affect the P uptake and the nutrients released from corn residue is not a major contributor for subsequent corn nutrient uptake in sandy loam soils as is evidenced with highest nutrient uptake in the plots received with 125 % recommended dose either with or without residue incorporation.
Evaluation and Assessment of Sensory and Motor Abnormalities in High Risk Neonates with <32 Weeks at High Risk Clinic
Authors: Patel Priyanshi , Garasiya Nirav 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The incidence of pre term delivery and the survival rate of preterm babies is rising due to new medical technologies. In developing countries, very low birth weight (BW) babies less than 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) have a high risk for neuro-developmental retardation. They need to be followed up at regular intervals so as to assess various morbidities they develop during hospital stay as also post discharge and neurodevelopment outcome for early stimulation.
Methods: Follow up schedule of <32 weeks neonates is every 15 days till 3 months than every monthly for one year than 3 monthly till 2 years of age. The evaluation consisted of neurological assessments, cranial ultrasounds and developmental assessments.
Results and Discussion: The study was completed with 69 babies. Male & female ratio was 1.3:1. In our study 62.3% were SGA babies. Convulsion was most common morbitiy 75.3%. Many of the tone abnormalities detected in the first six months in high risk infants start normalizing by 9 months and disappear by 12 months. In this study tone abnormalities improve in 39(85%) of neonates. only 3(5.6%) neonates had sensory-neural hearing loss. 61% had ROP stage 1 and 24.4% neonates had ROP stage 2.
Conclusion: Delay in individual domains of motor and sensory development can be diagnosed at an early age by us and thus domain specific early intervention therapy can be planned. This will help in decreasing the overall neuro-developmental delays and thus morbidity and overall outlook of preterm.
Evaluation of Plasmapheresis vs Immunoglobulin as First Treatment After Ineffective Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Kumazawa Ryosuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo , Ohta Bon 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceStevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions, and patients with SJS/TEN frequently require intensive care. However, there is limited evidence on the clinical outcomes of immunomodulating therapy, including plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with SJS/TEN.ObjectiveTo compare clinical outcomes of patients with SJS/TEN who were treated with plasmapheresis first vs IVIG first after ineffective systemic corticosteroid therapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from a national administrative claims database in Japan that included more than 1200 hospitals and was conducted from July 2010 to March 2019. Inpatients with SJS/TEN who received plasmapheresis and/or IVIG therapy after initiation of at least 1000 mg/d of methylprednisolone equivalent systemic corticosteroid therapy within 3 days of hospitalization were included. Data were analyzed from October 2020 to May 2021.ExposuresPatients who received IVIG or plasmapheresis therapy within 5 days after initiation of systemic corticosteroid therapy were included in the IVIG- and plasmapheresis-first groups, respectively.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIn-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and medical costs.ResultsOf 1215 patients with SJS/TEN who had received at least 1000 mg/d of methylprednisolone equivalent within 3 days of hospitalization, 53 and 213 patients (mean [SD] age, 56.7 [20.2] years; 152 [57.1%] women) were included in the plasmapheresis- and IVIG-first groups, respectively. Propensity-score overlap weighting showed no significant difference in inpatient mortality rates between the plasmapheresis- and IVIG-first groups (18.3% vs 19.5%; odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.38–2.23; P = .86). Compared with the IVIG-first group, the plasmapheresis-first group had a longer hospital stay (45.3 vs 32.8 days; difference, 12.5 days; 95% CI, 0.4–24.5 d; P = .04) and higher medical costs (US $34 262 vs $23 054; difference, US $11 207; 95% CI, $2789–$19 626; P = .009).Conclusions and RelevanceThis nationwide retrospective cohort study found no significant benefit to administering plasmapheresis therapy first instead of IVIG first after ineffective systemic corticosteroid treatment in patients with SJS/TEN. However, medical costs and length of hospital stay were greater for the plasmapheresis-first group.
Timing of Antidepressant Discontinuation During Pregnancy and Postpartum Psychiatric Outcomes in Denmark and Norway
Authors: Trinh Nhung T. H. , Munk-Olsen Trine , Wray Naomi R. , Bergink Veerle , Nordeng Hedvig M. E. , Lupattelli Angela , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceApproximately one-half of women treated for affective disorders discontinue antidepressant use during pregnancy, yet this discontinuation could lead to relapse post partum.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between longitudinal antidepressant fill trajectories during pregnancy and postpartum psychiatric outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used nationwide registers in Denmark and Norway. The sample included 41 475 live-born singleton pregnancies in Denmark (1997-2016) and 16 459 in Norway (2009-2018) for women who filled at least 1 antidepressant prescription within 6 months before pregnancy.ExposuresAntidepressant prescription fills were obtained from the prescription registers. Antidepressant treatment during pregnancy was modeled using the k-means longitudinal method.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInitiation of psycholeptics, psychiatric emergencies, or records of self-harm within 1 year post partum. Between April 1 and October 30, 2022, hazard ratios (HRs) for each psychiatric outcome were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control for confounding. Country-specific HRs were pooled using random-effects meta-analytic models.ResultsAmong 57 934 pregnancies (mean [SD] maternal age, 30.7 [5.3] years in Denmark and 29.9 [5.5] years in Norway), 4 antidepressant fill trajectories were identified: early discontinuers (31.3% and 30.4% of the included pregnancies in Denmark and Norway, respectively), late discontinuers (previously stable users) (21.5% and 27.8%), late discontinuers (short-term users) (15.9% and 18.4%), and continuers (31.3% and 23.4%). Early discontinuers and late discontinuers (short-term users) had a lower probability of initiating psycholeptics and having postpartum psychiatric emergencies vs continuers. A moderately increased probability of initiation of psycholeptics was found among late discontinuers (previously stable users) vs continuers (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.24). This increase in late discontinuers (previously stable users) was more pronounced among women with previous affective disorders (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12-1.46). No association between antidepressant fill trajectories and postpartum self-harm risk was found.Conclusions and RelevanceBased on pooled data from Denmark and Norway, a moderately elevated probability of initiation of psycholeptics in late discontinuers (previously stable users) vs continuers was found. These findings suggest that women with severe mental illness who are currently on stable treatment may benefit from continuing antidepressant treatment and personalized treatment counseling during pregnancy.
Studying Healthy Psychosislike Experiences to Improve Illness Prediction
Authors: Corlett Philip R. , Bansal Sonia , Gold James M. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceDistinguishing delusions and hallucinations from unusual beliefs and experiences has proven challenging.ObservationsThe advent of neural network and generative modeling approaches to big data offers a challenge and an opportunity; healthy individuals with unusual beliefs and experiences who are not ill may raise false alarms and serve as adversarial examples to such networks.Conclusions and RelevanceExplicitly training predictive models with adversarial examples should provide clearer focus on the features most relevant to casehood, which will empower clinical research and ultimately diagnosis and treatment.
Reinforcement learning control with function approximation via multivariate simplex splines
Authors: Feng Yiting , Zhou Ye , Ho Hann Woei , Mat Isa Nor Ashidi 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIn the field of optimal control for continuous nonlinear systems, function approximation methods are often employed to overcome the curse of dimensionality. Compared to other global function approximators like neural networks, multivariate splines can be easily evaluated and adapted on a local basis with linearity in the parameters. In this work, a multivariate spline based reinforcement learning (RL) strategy is proposed for solving the continuous‐time nonlinear control problem. Based on the classic value iteration method, multivariate splines are integrated into RL algorithms to approximate continuous value functions and policy functions from discrete action and value samples. Hence, the determined splines with updated coefficients can be utilized in continuous control of nonlinear systems. In the simulation experiment, the performance of the spline‐based RL control is evaluated in controlling an under‐actuated inverted pendulum. The proposed method is compared with the value iteration based discrete control strategy and the neural network based continuous control strategy. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method based on multivariate splines has better control performance with less state oscillations, energy consumption and convergence time in comparison with discrete value iteration and neural network based RL, and the adoption of simplex splines improves the function approximation efficiency with less computation time than neural network optimization.
Multicomponent Approaches Involving Carbon Disulfide
Authors: Morja Mayur I. , Viradiya Riddhi H. , Chikhalia Kishor H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn present scenario, innovative carbon disulfide‐involving multicomponent protocols are extremely advantageous for practical and efficient construction of acyclic as well as heterocyclic building blocks. Carbon disulfide is well recognized synthetic component and has achieved the desirability of scientific community for the preparation of a variety of highly functionalized organic scaffolds. Carbon disulfide involving MCRs mostly advantage from other features such as bond‐forming efficiency, resource effectiveness, the use of easily obtainable starting compounds, and atom‐economy, which make these protocols useful environmentally benign alternatives, in care with the greener way in which organic chemistry is going on. In this review article, we have discussed the noteworthy topical advances in the promising region of carbon disulfide‐involving multicomponent reactions. It highlight the prospects and confronts, emphasizing the diverse approaches established previously.
Einzelkettennanopartikel mit Reaktivität im sichtbaren Lichtspektrum
Authors: Mundsinger Kai , Tuten Bryan T. , Wang Lily , Neubauer Kira , Kropf Christian , O'Mara Megan L. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWir stellen ein Einzelkettennanopartikel (SCNP)‐System vor, welches bei identischer Konzentration die Photooxidation unpolarer Alkene bis zu dreimal effizienter katalysieren kann als ein äquivalenter niedermolekularer Photosensibilisator. Konkret haben wir SCNPs basierend auf Poly(ethylenglykol)methylethermethacrylat und Glycidylmethacrylat entwickelt, welches wir über multifunktionelle Thiol‐Epoxid‐Verknüpfungen in Kombination mit der Funktionalisierung mit Bengalrosa (RB) in einer Eintopfreaktion falten. Die SCNPs weisen sowohl eine hydrophile Hülle als auch hydrophobe photokatalytische Regionen auf. Die Photooxidation des innenliegenden Alkens der Ölsäure verläuft unter Einstrahlung von grünem Licht. Kovalent an die SCNPs gebundenes RB ist dreimal sensitiver gegenüber unpolaren Alkene als freies RB in Lösung. Dies ist unserer Hypothese nach auf die räumliche Nähe der photosensibilisierenden Gruppen zum Substrat in der hydrophoben Region zurückzuführen. Unser Ansatz zeigt, dass SCNP‐basierte Katalysatoren eine verbesserte Photokatalyse durch Einschränkungseffekte (confinement effects) in einer homogenen Reaktionsumgebung ermöglichen können.
Polarization‐Dependent Sum‐Frequency‐Generation Spectroscopy for In Situ Tracking of Nanoparticle Morphology
Authors: Pramhaas Verena , Unterhalt Holger , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Rupprechter Günther 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe surface structure of oxide‐supported metal nanoparticles can be determined via characteristic vibrations of adsorbed probe molecules such as CO. Usually, spectroscopic studies focus on peak position and intensity, which are related to binding geometries and number of adsorption sites, respectively. Employing two differently prepared model catalysts, it is demonstrated that polarization‐dependent sum‐frequency‐generation (SFG) spectroscopy reveals the average surface structure and shape of the nanoparticles. SFG results for different particle sizes and morphologies are compared to direct real‐space structure analysis by TEM and STM. The described feature of SFG could be used to monitor particle restructuring in situ and may be a valuable tool for operando catalysis.
Molecular Engineering on Solvation Structure of Carbonate Electrolyte toward Durable Sodium Metal Battery at −40 °C
Authors: Zhong Shien , Yu Yongshi , Yang Yi , Yao Yu , Wang Lifeng , He Shengnan , Yang Yaxiong , Liu Lin , Sun Wenping , Feng Yuezhan , Pan Hongge , Rui Xianhong , Yu Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbonate electrolytes have excellent chemical stability and high salt solubility, which are ideally practical choice for achieving high‐energy‐density sodium (Na) metal battery at room temperature. However, their application at ultra‐low temperature (−40 °C) is adversely affected by the instability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed by electrolyte decomposition and the difficulty of desolvation. Here, we designed a novel low‐temperature carbonate electrolyte by molecular engineering on solvation structure. The calculations and experimental results demonstrate that ethylene sulfate (ES) reduces the sodium ion desolvation energy and promotes the forming of more inorganic substances on the Na surface, which promote ion migration and inhibit dendrite growth. At −40 °C, the Na||Na symmetric battery exhibits a stable cycle of 1500 hours, and the Na||Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP) battery achieves 88.2 % capacity retention after 200 cycles.
Cooperative Proton and Li‐ion Conduction in a 2D‐Layered MOF via Mechanical Insertion of Lithium Halides
Authors: Sarango‐Ramírez Marvin K. , Donoshita Masaki , Yoshida Yukihiro , Lim Dae‐Woon , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIonic conduction in highly designable and porous metal–organic frameworks has been explored through the introduction of various ionic species (H+, OH−, Li+, etc.) using post‐synthetic modification such as acid, salt, or ionic liquid incorporation. Here, we report on high ionic conductivity (σ>10−2 S cm−1) in a two‐dimensionally (2D)‐layered Ti‐dobdc (Ti2(Hdobdc)2(H2dobdc), H4dobdc: 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid) via LiX (X=Cl, Br, I) intercalation using mechanical mixing. The anionic species in lithium halide strongly affect the ionic conductivity and durability of conductivity. Solid‐state pulsed‐field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR ) verified the high mobility of H+ and Li+ ions in the temperature range of 300–400 K. In particular, the insertion of Li salts improved the H+ mobility above 373 K owing to strong binding with H2O. Furthermore, the continuous increase in Li+ mobility with temperature contributed to the retention of the overall high ionic conductivity at high temperatures.
Synthesis of polyfunctional amines as curing agents and its effect on mechanical property of epoxy polymers
Authors: Yu Seoyoon , Kim Hye Jin , Jeon Sugyeong , Lim Choong‐Sun , Seo Bongkuk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA curing agent is required to cure an epoxy resin, but a few curing agents also improve the mechanical properties of the resin. In addition, it is rare to find hardeners containing multiple amines, which can be used to form high crosslink densities. In this study, two different curing agents with six amine functional groups each were synthesized via a two‐step reaction. In the first step, isophorone diamine (IPDI) was reacted with two equivalents of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). The resulting IPDI‐PETA2 was reacted with ethylene diamine and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone to form two amine curers with six amines each—IPDI‐PETA2‐ED (ED) and IPDI‐PETA2‐DDS (DDS). Both amines were added in varying amounts to an epoxy composition consisting of dicyandiamide and 2‐methylimidazole to improve the mechanical properties compared with a reference epoxy composition. Mechanical studies showed that an epoxy composition containing 5% IPDI‐PETA2‐DDS improved the flexural strength by 34% and impact strength by 36.7%. Furthermore, adding 5% IPDI‐PETA2‐ED to the epoxy composition increased the flexural strength by 39.7%, to 197 MPa and the impact strength by 38.8% to 68 J/m. These results highlight the potential of curing agents containing multiple amines for improving the mechanical properties of epoxy resins.
Effects of graphene network formation and its correlation with microstructure and mechanical properties in dynamically vulcanized PP/EPDM composites reinforced with few‐layer graphene
Authors: Haghnegahdar Masoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the effects of graphene network formation on stress–strain behavior and different mechanical properties in PP/EPDM nanocomposites were investigated. TEM observation clarified that up to the optimum content of nanoparticles, the efficient networks of graphene formed which heightened the nanocomposites tolerance against different mechanical loads. The efficiency of graphene networks in arresting crack along with the mechanisms through which they dissipate energy were extensively examined. SEM observations from the fracture surface of impact test indicated that as a result of these networks, the cracks perpendicular to the load directions were formed which efficiently assisted the nanocomposite in dissipating energy and/or hindering further development of cracks and the premature failure in PP/EPDM samples. The stress–strain behavior of resultant nanocomposites was also studied by Arruda–Boyce hyperelastic model which can predict the behavior of nanocomposites with a high degree of accuracy that is rooted in the increased interaction between graphene and polymer matrix by graphene network formation. Exceeding the optimum content, the agglomerations form and results in deviation of experimental results with the model predictions. The findings of this model also substantiated the efficiency of graphene networks in developing a load‐resistant the microstructure of PP/EPDM nanocomposites.