bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘A Unique opportunity to test things out’: a qualitative study of broad-based training in Scotland
Authors: Wakeling Judy , Cleland Jennifer , Stirling Suzanne Anderson , Johnston Peter 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesA recent review recommended UK postgraduate medical education should produce doctors capable of providing general care in broad specialties across a range of different settings. Responding to this, broad-based training (BBT) was introduced in Scotland in 2018 to provide postgraduate trainees with a grounding in four specialties. Introduced as an option for trainees after initial postgraduate ‘Foundation’ training, it comprises 6 months in general medicine, general practice, paediatrics and psychiatry.This study addresses two key BBT outcomes. It examines how successful BBT is in developing trainees who perceive they are able to work beyond traditional specialty boundaries to care for patients with complex, multifactorial healthcare needs. Second, it explores how well BBT prepares trainees for their next stage in training.DesignA longitudinal qualitative study using semistructured interviews to collect data from BBT trainees, trainers and ‘programme architects’. Fifty-one interviews were conducted, 31 with trainees (with up to three interviews per trainee across BBT and immediately afterwards (post-BBT)) and 20 with trainers. Data were subject to thematic analysis.ResultsTwo overarching themes were identified: (1) trainees able to work beyond specialty boundaries and (2) preparation for the next stage in training. BBT trainees were able to see the links and overlap between different specialties and understand the interface between primary and secondary care. They did not perceive that BBT (as compared with single-specialty early-stage training) disadvantaged them, other than in terms of specialty examination preparation. BBT was seen as a way to keep career options open in a system where it is difficult to switch training pathway.ConclusionsBBT has the capacity to create doctors who will carry on using their generalist skills to care for patients more holistically, even if they end up working in focused practice areas. BBT helps to keep options open for longer, which is beneficial in a highly structured training environment.
Protocol for evaluating quality and safety for the public through home care nursing in Italy: a multicentre cross-sectional descriptive observational study (AIDOMUS-IT)
Authors: Bagnasco Annamaria , Alvaro Rosaria , Lancia Loreto , Manara Duilio Fiorenzo , Zega Maurizio , Rocco Gennaro , Rasero Laura , Mazzoleni Beatrice , Sasso Loredana 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionConsidering the increasing complexity of care and workload for home care nurses due to the ageing of the population, it is crucial to describe the work environment and the community care setting. The aim of this study protocol is to map the characteristics and identify gaps of home care in the community to design future interventions aimed at ensuring quality and safety.Methods and analysisThis is a national cross-sectional descriptive observational study using the survey method. Nurses from all participating community care centres will be recruited through convenience sampling by the coordinators of each centre, who will act as facilitators for this study. All community care recipients and their informal carers during the study period will be invited to complete a survey.To map the characteristics and identify gaps of home care in the community, three sources of data will be collected: (1) organisational characteristics, professional satisfaction, intention to leave and burn-out; (2) experience of care recipients and their informal carers and (3) improper access to the emergency department, readmission to hospital, comorbidities, services offered and users’ level of autonomy, and main and secondary diagnoses.Considering the total Italian nursing population of approximately 450 000 registered nurses, a sample size of 1% of this population, equal to approximately 4600 nurses, was hypothesised.This study started in July 2022 and is planned to end in December 2023.Data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Liguria Regional Ethics Committee in November 2022. Informed consent will be obtained from participants and confidentiality will be ensured. Data collected for this study will be kept anonymised in a protected database.The results of the study will be disseminated mainly through conferences, publications and meetings with government representatives.
Quantum coherence and entanglement in neutral-current neutrino oscillation in matter
Authors: Ettefaghi M. M. , Ravari Z. Askaripour 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough neutrino–antineutrino states originating from neutral-current interactions are blind concerning the flavor state, an oscillation pattern is predicted provided that both neutrino and antineutrino are detected. This issue arises from both the coherence and entanglement of the neutrino–antineutrino states. Based on quantum resource theory, we use the $$l_1$$

l
1

-norm and concurrence to quantify quantum coherence and entanglement, respectively. Considering the localization properties by the wave packet approach and a matter potential which appears when neutrino and antineutrino propagate in a material medium, we obtain the $$l_1$$

l
1

-norm and concurrence. We see that the neutrino and antineutrino remain entangled for larger baseline lengths when they propagate in a material medium. In the case of the coherence property, the $$l_1$$

l
1

-norm decreases in comparison to the corresponding one in vacuum. However, its damping occurs for larger distances.
Recollements and Φ-Cohen–Macaulay Auslander–Yoneda algebras
Authors: Qin Yongyun 
Published: May 2023

It is shown that a [Formula: see text]-recollement of derived categories of algebras induces a [Formula: see text]-recollement of the corresponding [Formula: see text]-Cohen–Macaulay Auslander–Yoneda algebras. This result not only generalizes the main theorems of Pan [Derived equivalences for [Formula: see text]-Cohen–Macaulay Auslander–Yoneda algebras, Algebr. Represent. Theory 17 (2014) 885–903] and Pan [Derived equivalences for Cohen–Macaulay Auslander algebras, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 216 (2012) 355–363], but also provides us a useful method to construct a new recollement of derived module categories from a given one.
The Tumor Suppressor Functions of Ubiquitin Ligase KPC1: From Cell-Cycle Control to NF-κB Regulator
Authors: Gulei Diana , Drula Rares , Ghiaur Gabriel , Buzoianu Anca Dana , Kravtsova-Ivantsiv Yelena , Tomuleasa Ciprian , Ciechanover Aaron 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for up to 90% of intracellular protein degradation. Alterations in UPS are extensively involved in the development and advancement of malignant pathologies. Thus, the components of the UPS can become potential targets for cancer therapeutics. KPC1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase component of the UPS that regulates key pathways and processes in cancer. KPC1 sustains the ubiquitination of cytoplasmic p27, determining its elimination and transition between cell-cycle phases. KPC1 also regulates NF-κB signaling by inducing ubiquitination of p105 to allow subsequent proteasomal processing to the functional form p50. It has been shown that the KPC1-p50 duo is reduced or absent in multiple malignancies and that therapeutic reinforcement of the functional axis can exhibit significant tumor suppressor activity. Here, we highlight the potential role of KPC1 as a tumor suppressor by fully describing its crucial role in p27 signaling and the canonical NF-κB pathway.
Label-Free Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaques Via High-Resolution Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Han Jeongmoo , Kim Sunwon , Jung Kim Hyun , Soo Nam Hyeong , Lee Min Woo , Song Joon Woo , Kim Jin Won , Yoo Hongki 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Autofluorescence lifetime (AFL) imaging, a robust technique that enables label-free molecular investigation of biological tissues, is being introduced into the field of cardiovascular diagnostics. However, detailed AFL characteristics of coronary arteries remain elusive and there is a lack of methodology enabling such characterization.

Methods:
We developed multispectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) based on analog-mean-delay. Freshly sectioned coronary arteries and atheromas, harvested from 5 swine models, were imaged using FLIM and stained to label lipids, macrophages, collagen, and smooth muscle cells. The components were quantitated from digitized histological images and compared with the corresponding FLIM. Multispectral AFL parameters derived from 2 different spectral bands (390 nm and 450 nm) were analyzed.

Results:

FLIM provided a wide field-of-view, high-resolution AFL imaging of frozen sections. Principal compositions of coronary arteries, such as tunica media, tunica adventitia, elastic laminas, smooth muscle cell–enriched fibrous plaque, lipid-rich core, and foamy macrophages, were well visualized in FLIM images and were found to have each different AFL spectra. In particular, proatherogenic components including lipids and foamy macrophages exhibited significantly different AFL values compared with plaque-stabilizing collagen- or smooth muscle cell–enriched tissues (
P
<0.0001). Pairwise comparisons showed that each composition was distinguishable from another by the difference in multispectral AFL parameters. Pixel-level analysis based on coregistered FLIM-histology dataset showed that each component of atherosclerosis (lipids, macrophages, collagen, and smooth muscle cells) had distinct correlation pattern with AFL parameters. Random forest regressors trained with the dataset allowed automated, simultaneous visualization of the key atherosclerotic components with high accuracy (r>0.87).

Conclusions:
FLIM provided detailed pixel-level AFL investigation of the complex composition of coronary artery and atheroma. Our FLIM strategy enabling an automated, comprehensive visualization of multiple plaque components from unlabeled sections will be highly useful to efficiently evaluate ex vivo samples without the need for histological staining and analysis.
Natural History of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Noonan Syndrome With Multiple Lentigines
Authors: Monda Emanuele , Prosnitz Aaron , Aiello Rossella , Lioncino Michele , Norrish Gabrielle , Caiazza Martina , Drago Fabrizio , Beattie Meaghan , Tartaglia Marco , Russo Maria Giovanna , Colan Steven D. , Calcagni Giulio , Gelb Bruce D. , Kaski Juan Pablo , Roberts Amy E. , Limongelli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to examine clinical features and outcomes of consecutive molecularly characterized patients with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

METHODS:

A retrospective, longitudinal multicenter cohort of consecutive children and adults with a genetic diagnosis of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between 2002 and 2019 was assembled. We defined a priori 3 different patterns of left ventricular remodeling during follow-up: (1) an increase in ≥15% of the maximal left ventricular wall thickness (MLVWT), both in mm and
z
-score (progression); (2) a reduction ≥15% of the MLVWT, both in mm and
z
-score (absolute regression); (3) a reduction ≥15% of the MLVWT
z
-score with a stable MLVWT in mm (relative regression). The primary study end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator-shock.

RESULTS:

The cohort comprised 42 patients with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a median age at diagnosis of 3.5 (interquartile range, 0.2–12.3) years. Freedom from primary end point was 92.7% (95% CI, 84.7%–100%) 1 year after presentation and 80.9% (95% CI, 70.1%–90.7%) at 5 years. Patients with MLVWT
z
-score >13.7 showed reduced survival compared with those with <13.7. During a median follow-up of 3.7 years (interquartile range, 2.6–7.9), absolute regression was the most common type of left ventricular remodeling (n=9, 31%), followed by progression (n=6, 21%), and relative regression (n=6, 21%).

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings provide insights into the natural history of left ventricular hypertrophy, and can help inform clinicians regarding risk stratification and clinical outcomes in patients with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Comparing Robot Controller Optimization Methods on Evolvable Morphologies
Authors: van Diggelen Fuda , Ferrante Eliseo , Eiben A. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we compare Bayesian Optimization, Differential Evolution, and an Evolution Strategy employed as a gait-learning algorithm in modular robots. The motivational scenario is the joint evolution of morphologies and controllers, where “newborn” robots also undergo a learning process to optimize their inherited controllers (without changing their bodies). This context raises the question: How do gait-learning algorithms compare when applied to various morphologies that are not known in advance (and thus need to be treated as without priors)? To answer this question, we use a test suite of twenty different robot morphologies to evaluate our gait-learners and compare their efficiency, efficacy, and sensitivity to morphological differences. The results indicate that Bayesian Optimization and Differential Evolution deliver the same solution quality (walking speed for the robot) with fewer evaluations than the Evolution Strategy. Furthermore, the Evolution Strategy is more sensitive for morphological differences (its efficacy varies more between different morphologies) and is more subject to luck (repeated runs on the same morphology show greater variance in the outcomes).
The Rules of Engagement: Porphyry’s Attack on Christian Allegory
Authors: Mullins Samuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Book 6 of Eusebius’ Church History contains a fascinating fragment of Porphyry’s Against the Christians in which the latter lambasts Origen’s allegorical reading of the Jewish Scriptures. Though many aspects of this text have received abundant scholarly attention, relatively little has been written on the theory underlying the critique, that is, why exactly Porphyry thought Christian allegories were illegitimate. Furthermore, among the few scholars who have treated this topic at any length, there is no consensus about the precise nature of Porphyry’s objection. In this article I will argue that Porphyry denies the legitimacy of Christian allegories because he thinks the texts they exegete are clear and simple. They are not, for Porphyry, full of the mysteries and enigmas that indicate allegorical exegesis is appropriate. Consequently, Porphyry understands Christian allegories as an attempt to save a text that is plainly immoral rather than genuinely mysterious.
Percentile-Based Relationship between Daily Precipitation and Surface Air Temperature over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Jiao Yongliang , Li Ren , Wu Tonghua , Zhao Lin , Wu Xiaodong , Ma Junjie , Yao Jimin , Hu Guojie , Xiao Yao , Yang Shuhua , Liu Wenhao , Qiao Yongping , Shi Jianzong , Du Erji , Zhu Xiaofan , Wang Shenning 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Climate changes significantly impact the hydrological cycle. Precipitation is one of the most important atmospheric inputs to the terrestrial hydrologic system, and its variability considerably influences environmental and socioeconomic development. Atmospheric warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, increasing both atmospheric water vapor concentration and global precipitation. The relationship between heavy precipitation and temperature has been extensively investigated in literature. However, the relationship in different percentile ranges has not been thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, a percentile-based regression provides a simple but effective framework for investigation into other factors (precipitation type) affecting this relationship. Herein, a comprehensive investigation is presented on the temperature dependence of daily precipitation in various percentile ranges over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results show that 1) most stations exhibit a peaklike scaling structure, while the northeast part and south margin of the plateau exhibit monotonic positive and negative scaling structures, respectively. The scaling structure is associated with the precipitation type, and 2) the positive and negative scaling rates exhibit similar spatial patterns, with stronger (weaker) sensitivity in the south (north) part of the plateau. The overall increase rate of daily precipitation with temperature is scaled by Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. 3) The higher percentile of daily precipitation shows a larger positive scaling rate than the lower percentile. 4) The peak-point temperature is closely related to the local temperature, and the regional peak-point temperature is roughly around 10°C.

Significance Statement
This study aims to better understand the relationship between precipitation and surface air temperature in various percentile ranges over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. This is important because percentile-based regression not only accurately describes the response of precipitation to warming temperature but also provides a simple but effective framework for investigating other factors (precipitation type) that may be affecting this relationship. Furthermore, the sensitivity and peak-point temperature are evaluated and compared among different regions and percentile ranges; this study also attempts to outline their influencing factors. To our knowledge, this study is the first integration of percentile-based analysis of the dependence of daily precipitation on surface air temperature.
Controls of Topographic Rossby Wave Properties and Downslope Transport in Dense Overflows
Authors: Han Xianxian , Stewart Andrew L. , Chen Dake , Liu Xiaohui , Lian Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antarctic Bottom Water is primarily formed via overflows of dense shelf water (DSW) around the Antarctic continental margins. The dynamics of these overflows therefore influence the global abyssal stratification and circulation. Previous studies indicate that dense overflows can be unstable, energizing topographic Rossby waves (TRW) over the continental slope. However, it remains unclear how the wavelength and frequency of the TRWs are related to the properties of the overflowing DSW and other environmental conditions, and how the TRW properties influence the downslope transport of DSW. This study uses idealized high-resolution numerical simulations to investigate the dynamics of overflow-forced TRWs and the associated downslope transport of DSW. It is shown that the propagation of TRWs is constrained by the geostrophic along-slope flow speed of the DSW and by the dynamics of linear plane waves, allowing the wavelength and frequency of the waves to be predicted a priori. The rate of downslope DSW transport depends nonmonotonically on the slope steepness: steep slopes approximately suppress TRW formation, resulting in steady, frictionally dominated DSW descent. For slopes of intermediate steepness, the overflow becomes unstable and generates TRWs, accompanied by interfacial form stresses that drive DSW downslope relatively rapidly. For gentle slopes, the TRWs lead to the formation of coherent eddies that inhibit downslope DSW transport. These findings may explain the variable properties of TRWs observed in oceanic overflows, and they imply that the rate at which DSW descends to the abyssal ocean depends sensitively on the manifestation of TRWs and/or nonlinear eddies over the continental slope.
Signatures of Oceanic Wind Events in Convection-Resolving WRF Model Simulations
Authors: Thompson Kelsey B. , Mecikalski John R. , Bateman Monte G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Analyses of cloud-top temperature and lightning characteristics of 48 Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model–simulated ocean-based wind events, with 1-min temporal and 0.5-km horizontal resolution, revealed signatures similar to the corresponding 13 observed events detected by buoys and Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations as shown in prior research on ocean-based wind events by the first author. These events occurred in the eastern Gulf of Mexico and in the Atlantic Ocean from Florida northward through South Carolina. The coldest WRF cloud-top temperature (WCTT) and peak WRF-estimated lightning flash rate values of the model-simulated events, where each event was required to have a negative vertical velocity of at least 10 m s−1 in the lowest 2 km associated with a convective storm, occurred at an average of 4.2 and 1.1 min prior to the events, respectively. With 36 of the events, the peak estimated flash rate occurred within 5 min of the coldest WCTT. Cloud depth typically increased as the WCTT decreased, and the maximum depth occurred at an average of 2.9 min prior to the events. Thermal cooling and precipitation loading provided negative buoyancy needed to help drive the wind events. Environmental characteristics of the model-simulated ocean-based wind events also resembled those associated with land-based wet downbursts, including moist air near the surface, lapse rates near moist adiabatic, and low cloud bases.
Facilitated ureteroscopy using DJ stent implantation in ureterolithiasis: A retrospective study
Authors: Lidawi Ghalib , Fanne Rami Abu , Majdoub Muhammad , Asali Mohsin , Zeina Abdel-Rauf , Rub Ronen 
Published: May 2023

Objective To investigate the impact of preoperative double J (DJ) stent insertion on outcomes of retrograde semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) in patients with upper small and medium sized ureteral stones. Methods Between April 2018 and September 2019, we retrospectively reviewed the medical register of Hillel Yaffe tertiary reference Centre (HYMC) for patients who had undergone retrograde semi-rigid URS for urolithiasis. Patients were separated into two groups depending on whether they accepted the DJ stent placement before URS (Group A) or not (Group B). Operating time, stone clearance rate, number of ‘rescue’ DJ stents, duration of ‘rescue’ stents, complication rate and requirement for repeat URS were compared between groups. Results 318 procedures undertaken in 290 patients were included (Group A, 83 procedures in 80 patiants; Group B, 235 procedures in 210 patients). By comparison with the non-stented group, patients in the preoperative DJ stented group had a higher stone clearance rate, lower complication rate, less need for postoperative ‘rescue’ DJ stent, lower duration of ‘rescue’ stent and lower re-operative URS requirement, including application of a flexible URS. Conclusion Facilitated semi-rigid URS with upstream DJ stenting for small and medium size ureteral stones has favourable periprocedural outcomes compared with primary URS.