bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic performance of soybean and sorghum in a short rotation poplar coppice alley-cropping system under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Mantino Alberto , Pecchioni Giovanni , Tozzini Cristiano , Mele Marcello , Ragaglini Giorgio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transition from conventional arable towards silvoarable systems can increase the delivery of ecosystem services. Nevertheless, the assessment of crop yield under agroforestry condition is crucial to evaluate of the reliability of these systems and to increase the knowledge base needed to support their design. Although the feasibility of poplar short rotation coppice (SRC) silvoarable alley-cropping systems has been widely investigated, few studies have addressed the agronomic response of crops intercropped with poplar SRC in narrow alleys, especially in Mediterranean environments. Thus, this paper treats the effects of SRC poplar rows on soybean and sorghum productivity in a 2-year rotation implemented in an alley-cropping system. A field experiment was carried out in 2018 and 2019 with the objective of measuring and evaluating effects of light availability variation, as affected by the growing rate of 2-year coppice cycle poplar SRC rows, and the soil characteristics on soybean-sorghum and sorghum–soybean rotations. Above-ground biomass, grain yield and crops residue showed a significant reduction in the tree–crop interface up to 74% and sorghum proved to be less tolerant to light reduction compared to soybean. Our results demonstrated that light is the most important factor for sorghum cultivation, despite grain yield was also influenced by the soil characteristics such as pH, while soybean is affected also by soil moisture and water retention capacity. The design of crop rotation in an SRC-based agroforestry system needs to consider the different agronomic performance of different crops and the harvest cycle of tree rows.
Heritability Estimation of Cognitive Phenotypes in the ABCD Study® Using Mixed Models
Authors: Smith Diana M. , Loughnan Robert , Friedman Naomi P. , Parekh Pravesh , Frei Oleksandr , Thompson Wesley K. , Andreassen Ole A. , Neale Michael , Jernigan Terry L. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwin and family studies have historically aimed to partition phenotypic variance into components corresponding to additive genetic effects (A), common environment (C), and unique environment (E). Here we present the ACE Model and several extensions in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ Study (ABCD Study®), employed using the new Fast Efficient Mixed Effects Analysis (FEMA) package. In the twin sub-sample (n = 924; 462 twin pairs), heritability estimates were similar to those reported by prior studies for height (twin heritability = 0.86) and cognition (twin heritability between 0.00 and 0.61), respectively. Incorporating SNP-derived genetic relatedness and using the full ABCD Study® sample (n = 9,742) led to narrower confidence intervals for all parameter estimates. By leveraging the sparse clustering method used by FEMA to handle genetic relatedness only for participants within families, we were able to take advantage of the diverse distribution of genetic relatedness within the ABCD Study® sample.
Comparing minimum number of individuals and abundance from non-invasive DNA sampling and camera trapping in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Authors: Martin-Garcia Sara , Cortazar-Chinarro Maria , Rodríguez-Recio Mariano , Jiménez José , Höglund Jacob , Virgós Emilio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApplying the most appropriate sampling method is essential for estimating population size. Sampling methods and techniques to estimate abundance may be limited by environmental characteristics, species traits, specific requirements of the techniques, or the economic resources to carry out the sampling. Thus, evaluating multiple sampling methods in monitoring populations is essential for establishing effective conservation strategies. In this study, we compare two of the most commonly used sampling methods with the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as the type species. On the one hand, we compared the minimum number of individuals (NI) detected by camera trapping, identifying individuals by morphological characteristics with the minimum number of individuals detected by DNA faeces and a set of 16 microsatellites. On the other hand, we estimated abundance by performing an N-mixture model using information from camera-traps to study the relationship between abundance and the minimum number of individuals detected. Results showed that the minimum NI provided by camera trapping was slightly higher than that of DNA faecal genotyping, with 23.66 and 19 individuals, respectively. In addition, abundance and NI detected by camera trapping showed a positive relationship. In contrast, there was a non-significant negative relationship between NI detected by faecal DNA and abundance estimates. Our results suggest using the minimum number of photo-identified individuals as a reliable index to study variation in red fox abundance when other advanced methods cannot be implemented in the study of population size. However, it is necessary to improve the methods of faecal sampling to study the relationship with camera-trap data.
Healthy lifespan inequality: morbidity compression from a global perspective
Authors: Permanyer Iñaki , Villavicencio Francisco , Trias-Llimós Sergi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent measures of population health lack indicators capturing the variability in age-at-morbidity onset, an important marker to assess the timing patterns of individuals’ health deterioration and evaluate the compression of morbidity. We provide global, regional, and national estimates of the variability in morbidity onset from 1990 to 2019 using indicators of healthy lifespan inequality (HLI). Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we reconstruct age-at-death distributions to calculate lifespan inequality (LI), and age-at-morbidity onset distributions to calculate HLI. We measure LI and HLI with the standard deviation. Between 1990 and 2019, global HLI decreased from 24.74 years to 21.92, and has been decreasing in all regions except in high-income countries, where it has remained stable. Countries with high HLI are more present in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, whereas low HLI values are predominant in high-income countries and central and eastern Europe. HLI tends to be higher for females than for males, and HLI tends to be higher than LI. Globally, between 1990 and 2019 HLI at age 65 increased from 6.83 years to 7.44 for females, and from 6.23 to 6.96 for males. Improvements in longevity are not necessarily accompanied by further reductions in HLI among longevity vanguard countries. Morbidity is compressing, except in high-income countries, where it stagnates. The variability in the ages at morbidity onset tends to be larger than the variability in lifespans, and such divergence broadens over time. As longevity increases worldwide, the locus of health inequality is moving from death-related inequalities to disease- and disability-centered ones.
We are All Rationalists, but it is not Enough: Ways of Explaining the Social Acceptance of a Theory
Authors: Pellegrini Pablo A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses explanations behind theory choice, that is, ultimately, what leads people to accept a certain claim as valid. There has been a recent debate as to how closure was achieved in the continental-drift discussion. The controversy had found its usual explanation under rationalist terms: Wegener’s 1912 continental-drift theory was accepted 50 years later only after the plate tectonic theory had provided more evidence or a more in-depth problem-solving capacity. Nevertheless, a re-examination of the controversy under constructivist terms argued that closure was achieved by a change in the style of thought. This analysis prompted some authors to react calling to a ‘defence of rationalism’ and insisting on explaining that the continental-drift theory was only accepted because of epistemic reasons. As the debate impacts on the way to explain scientific controversies, in this article I analyze rationalist and constructivist approaches with respect to ways to explain the social acceptance or rejection of a theory. The analytical perspectives will be contextualized within a broader theoretical discussion in philosophy and social sciences about the role of different factors that condition knowledge, which will also include an empirical approximation in the analysis of GMO and continental-drift controversies. Ultimately, the debate with rationalism is situated in a broader context about the ways of explaining the social acceptance of a theory, arguing that the problem with the rationalism that confuses a purely logical explanation with a sociological one is that it tends to judge rather than understand.
The Victim
Authors: Mazur Lucas B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile victimization is as old as human history, the notion of victimhood as currently understood is a relatively recent phenomenon. Over the last several decades, the notion of victimhood has been increasing discussed both within academia and the wider public, a trend that has intensified in recent years. In order to gain a clearer vision of this social phenomenon, the current piece follows the lead of Georg Simmel, and identifies a new Simmelian social type—the Victim. After discussing Simmel’s understanding of social types and tracing the origins of the Victim, we examine some of the characteristics of this new social type. While the Victim is best understood on a high level of abstraction—as are all social types—a richer appreciation of the emergence and nature of the Victim will help us to better understand current discussions around victimhood in both academia and the wider public. These philosophical and sociological reflections on the nature of the Victim can thus be of help for better understanding a social phenomenon of considerable importance in today’s world.
Transgenerational effects influence acclimation to varying temperatures in Aurelia aurita polyps (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)
Authors: Loveridge Alexandra , Lucas Cathy H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTemperature is one of the most important drivers to affect marine ectotherms in the context of anthropogenic climate change modifying seasonal cycles in temperate regions. To reliably predict the impact of climate variability on marine ectotherms, their capacity to adapt to rapid change needs to be understood. Due to fast transmission between generations, transgenerational effects may enable populations to moderate stressors. We examined reproduction across three temperature scenarios and three generations of asexual Aurelia aurita polyps: transgenerational warming, transgenerational cooling, and stable temperatures. Polyps were incubated at three temperatures (15, 17, 19°C) encountered in summertime in Southampton Water. In the first two polyps generations, temperature remained the main driver of polyp reproduction. However, in the third generation parental and grandparental temperature influenced offspring production. These effects appeared most strongly in cooling scenarios: polyps who experienced rapid cooling between generations displayed an immediate drop in reproductive output as opposed to polyps who remained at the same temperature as their parents. Our results highlight that transgenerational effects may require more extreme temperatures or increased numbers of generations to have a measurable impact on a population, highlighting the vulnerability of these organisms to continued climate change.
Thermophysical Properties of Low GWP Refrigerants: An Update
Authors: Fedele L. , Lombardo G. , Greselin I. , Menegazzo D. , Bobbo S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, the industry of HVAC&R has faced continuous changes trying to identify environmentally friendly refrigerants for the numerous applications of the sector. However, the amount of low GWP fluids still available as potential refrigerants is limited to some natural fluids and, among synthetic chemicals, to hydrofluoroolefins (HFO). The knowledge of the thermophysical properties of these compounds and the evaluation of their energy efficiency in experimental apparatuses is essential to properly address the selection of the most suitable fluids. However, regarding the wide majority of HFOs, the information on the thermophysical properties, especially for the blends, are still scarce and require further research. In this work, an analysis of the possible substitutes and the available experimental data sets on their thermophysical properties was carried out to find out for which fluids further studies are needed to obtain an accurate representation of their thermophysical properties. Specifically, for 21 pure refrigerants, an overview of the thermodynamic (critical point, psat, PVT, heat capacity and speed of sound) and transport properties (λ, μ, σ) data published in the peer reviewed literature was provided. In addition, a more comprehensive analysis was carried out for four fluids (R1243zf, R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), and R1224yd(Z)), for which major efforts have been made in the last 4 years to investigate the above thermophysical properties. Although an increasing amount of data sets on thermophysical properties have been compiled in recent years, the present study indicates that research efforts are still needed, especially on transport properties, as only 4 of the fluids of interest for the present research have been fully investigated (R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1233zd(E), R1243zf), while other 4 (R1234ze(Z), R1336mzz(Z), R1224yd(Z), R1336mzz(E)) have been almost completely characterised.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-associated orbital cellulitis: a case series
Authors: Ang Terence , Cameron Cassie , Tong Jessica Y. , Wilcsek Geoff , Tan Jeremy , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) orbital cellulitis (OC) has drawn increasing clinical and public health concern. We present a case series of MRSA OC encountered at four Australian tertiary institutions.

Methods
A multi-centre retrospective case series investigating MRSA OC in Australia from 2013 to 2022. Patients of all ages were included.

Results
Nine cases of culture-positive non-multi-resistant MRSA
(nmMRSA) OC were identified at four tertiary institutions across Australia (7 male, 2 female). Mean age was 17.1 ± 16.7 years (range 13-days to 53-years), of which one was 13 days old, and all were immunocompetent. Eight (88.9%) patients had paranasal sinus disease, and seven (77.8%) had a subperiosteal abscess. Four (44.4%) had intracranial extension, including one (11.1%) case which was also complicated by superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. Empirical antibiotics, such as intravenous (IV) cefotaxime alone or IV ceftriaxone and flucloxacillin, were commenced. Following identification of nmMRSA, targeted therapy consisting of vancomycin and/or clindamycin was added. Nine (100%) patients underwent surgical intervention. Average hospital admission was 13.7 ± 6.9 days (range 3–25 days), with two patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission due to complications related to their orbital infection. All patients had favourable prognosis, with preserved visual acuity and extraocular movements, following an average follow-up period of 4.6 months (range 2–9 months).

Conclusion
NMMRSA OC can follow an aggressive clinical course causing severe orbital and intracranial complications across a wide demographic. However, early recognition, initiation of targeted antibiotics and surgical intervention when required can effectively manage these complications and achieve favourable visual outcomes.
Translation and Factorial Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Adolescents in a German Community Sample
Authors: Gruber Elena , Baumann Ines , Vonderlin Eva , Bents Hinrich , Heidenreich Thomas , Mander Johannes , Kalmar Julia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelf-compassion, which refers to being kind and understanding toward oneself when suffering or experiencing personal inadequacies, is widely seen as a protective factor against mental health problems in adolescents and adults. To date, most research is conducted on adults using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), although adolescence is seen as a challenging period in life. Self-compassion research has only recently started to focus on childhood and adolescence. We aimed to translate the English version of the SCS for adolescents into German, test its psychometric properties, and examine potential gender differences more closely. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to find the best-fitting model out of a two, three, and six-factorial solution. The sample consisted of 255 adolescents, 10 to 19 years old, from a community sample. The study was designed as an online survey. We found the six-factorial solution to best fit our data. Males were significantly more self-compassionate than females. The Self-Compassion Scale – Children and Adolescents (SCS-CA) and its subscales showed good internal consistency as well as good content, criterion, and construct validity with measures of mindfulness, quality of life, and psychopathology. We discuss implications of these findings for a better understanding of adolescent well-being and mental health, as well as potential benefits of a future application of this measure. Overall, our findings suggest that the developed questionnaire is an economical, valid, and reliable measure to assess self-compassion in German adolescents. Trial registration: From ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04034576 (registered 07/17/19).
Revisiting Deception in Breonna Taylor’s Case: A Cognitive-Acoustic Approach
Authors: El-Zawawy Amr M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present paper proposes an eclectic model for examining the cognitive load involved in detecting deception that benefits from the acoustic dimension as an exercise in cognitive forensic linguistics. The corpus used is composed of the legal confession transcripts of the Breonna Taylor’s Case, a 26-year-old African-American woman worker who was shot dead by police officers in Louisville, Ky., in March 2020 during a crackdown on her apartment. The dataset comprises transcripts and recordings of the persons involved in the shooting event but have given unclear charges, and those accused of contributory negligence due to wanton misfiring. The data is analyzed based on the video interviews and reaction times (RT) as an application of the model proposed. The findings reveal that the episodes chosen and how they are analyzed exhibit that the modified ADCM along with the acoustic dimension provide a clear picture of cognitive load management in the course of constructing and producing lies.
Preemptive scheduling of parallel jobs of two sizes with controllable processing times
Authors: Shioura Akiyoshi , Strusevich Vitaly A. , Shakhlevich Natalia V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn parallel machine scheduling, a size of a job is defined as the number of machines that are simultaneously required for its processing. This paper considers a scheduling problem in which the set of jobs consists of jobs of two sizes: the conventional jobs (each job requires a single machine for its processing) and parallel jobs (each job to be simultaneously processed on more than one machine). The processing times are controllable, and they have to be chosen from given intervals in order to guarantee the existence of a preemptive schedule in which all jobs are completed by a common deadline. The objective is to minimize the total compression cost which reflects possible reductions in processing times. Unlike problems of classical scheduling with conventional jobs, the model under consideration cannot be directly handled by submodular optimization methods. We reduce the problem to maximizing the total weighted work of all jobs parametrized with respect to total work of the parallel jobs. The solution is delivered by separately finding the breakpoints for the maximum total weighted work of the parallel jobs and for the maximum total weighted work of the conventional jobs. This results in a polynomial-time algorithm that is no slower than needed to perform sorting of jobs’ parameters.
Assessing large landscape patterns of potential fire connectivity using circuit methods
Authors: Buchholtz Erin K. , Kreitler Jason , Shinneman Douglas J. , Crist Michele , Heinrichs Julie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContextMinimizing negative impacts of wildfire is a major societal objective in fire-prone landscapes. Models of fire connectivity can aid in understanding and managing wildfires by analyzing potential fire spread and conductance patterns. We define ‘fire connectivity’ as the landscape’s capacity to facilitate fire transmission from one point on the landscape to another.ObjectivesOur objective was to develop an approach for modeling fire connectivity patterns representing potential fire spread and relative flow across a broad landscape extent, particularly in the management-relevant context of fuel breaks.MethodsWe applied an omnidirectional circuit theory algorithm to model fire connectivity in the Great Basin of the western United States. We used predicted rates of fire spread to approximate conductance and calculated current densities to identify connections among areas with high spread rates. We compared existing and planned fuel breaks with fire connectivity patterns.ResultsFire connectivity and relative flow outputs were characterized by spatial heterogeneity in the landscape’s capacity to transmit fire. We found that existing fuel break networks were denser in areas with relatively diffuse and impeded flow patterns, rather than in locations with channelized flow.ConclusionsThis approach could be paired with traditional fire behavior and risk analyses to better understand wildfire spread as well as direct strategic placement of individual fuel breaks within larger networks to constrain fire spread. Thus, our findings may offer local- to landscape-level support for management actions that aim to disrupt fire spread and mitigate the costs of fire on the landscape.