bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double diffusive Buoyancy‐driven flow in a fluid‐saturated elliptical annulus with a neural network‐based prediction of heat and mass transfer
Authors: Boulechfar Hichem , Berrahil Farid , Boulmerka Aissa , Filali Abdelkader , Djezzar Mahfoud 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical study of buoyancy‐driven double‐diffusive convection within an elliptical annulus enclosure filled with a saturated porous medium. An in‐house built FORTRAN code has been developed, and computations are carried out in a range of values of Darcy–Rayleigh number Ram (10 ≤ Ram ≤ 500), Lewis number Le (0.1 ≤ Le ≤ 10), and the ratio of buoyancy forces N (−5 ≤ N ≤ 5). In addition, three methods are used, namely the multi‐variable polynomial regression, the group method of data handling (GMDH), and the artificial neural network (ANN) for the predictions of heat and mass transfer rates. First, results are successfully validated with existing numerical and experimental data. Then, the results indicated that temperature and concentration distributions are sensitive to the Lewis number and thermal and mass plumes are developing in proportion to the Lewis number. Two particular values of Lewis number Le = 2.735 and Le = 2.75 captured the flow's transition toward an asymmetric structure with a bifurcation of convective cells. The average Nusselt number tends to have an almost asymptotic value for Le » 5. For the case of aiding buoyancies N > 1, the average Nusselt Number decreased by 33% when the Lewis number increased to its maximum value. Then, it increased by 10% when the Lewis number increased to Le = 1 for the case of opposing buoyancies N < 1 and then decreased by 33% when the Lewis number increased to its maximum value., contrary to the behavior of the average Sherwood number that increased by 700% for both cases N > 1 and N < 1. New correlations of , and as a function of Ram, Le, and N are derived and compared with GMDH and ANN methods, and the ANN method showed higher performance for the prediction of and with R2 exceeding 0.99.
Tracer‐aided ecohydrological modelling across climate, land cover, and topographical gradients in the tropics
Authors: Arciniega‐Esparza Saul , Birkel Christian , Durán‐Quesada Ana María , Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Moore Georgianne W. , Maneta Marco P. , Boll Jan , Negri Laura Benegas , Tetzlaff Dörthe , Yoshimura Kei , Soulsby Chris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantitative estimations of ecohydrological water partitioning into evaporation and transpiration remains mostly based on plot‐scale investigations that use well‐instrumented, small‐scale experimental catchments in temperate regions. Here, we attempted to upscale and adapt the conceptual tracer‐aided ecohydrology model STARRtropics to simulate water partitioning, tracer, and storage dynamics over daily time steps and a 1‐km grid larger‐scale (2565 km2) in a sparsely instrumented tropical catchment in Costa Rica. The model was driven by bias‐corrected regional climate model outputs and was simultaneously calibrated against daily discharge observations from 2 to 30 years at four discharge gauging stations and a 1‐year, monthly streamwater isotope record of 46 streams. The overall model performance for the best discharge simulations ranged in KGE values from 0.4 to 0.6 and correlation coefficients for streamflow isotopes from 0.3 to 0.45. More importantly, independent model‐derived transpiration estimates, point‐scale residence time estimates, and measured groundwater isotopes showed reasonable model performance and simulated spatial and temporal patterns pointing towards an overall model realism at the catchment scale over reduced performance in the headwaters. The simulated catchment system was dominated by low‐seasonality and high precipitation inputs and a marked topographical gradient. Climatic drivers overrode smaller, landcover‐dependent transpiration fluxes giving a seemingly homogeneous rainfall‐runoff dominance likely related to model input bias of rainfall isotopes, oversimplistic Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) estimates and averaged Leaf Area Index (LAI). Topographic influences resulted in more dynamic water and tracer fluxes in the headwaters that averaged further downstream at aggregated catchment scales. Modelled headwaters showed greater storage capacity by nearly an order of magnitude compared to the lowlands, which also favoured slightly longer residence times (>250 days) compared to superficially well‐connected groundwater contributing to shorter streamflow residence times (<150 days) in the lowlands. Our findings confirm that tracer‐aided ecohydrological modelling, even in the data‐scarce Tropics, can help gain a first, but crucial approximation of spatio‐temporal dynamics of how water is partitioned, stored and transported beyond the experimental catchment scale of only a few km2.
Clinical validation of methylation biomarkers for optimal detection of high‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Voss Féline O. , Thuijs Nikki B. , Duin Sylvia , Özer Müjde , van Beurden Marc , Berkhof Johannes , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) include human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated and HPV‐independent squamous neoplasia with a varying cancer risk. Our study aimed to validate the accuracy of previously identified DNA methylation markers for detection of such high‐grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). A large clinical series of 751 vulvar lesions, originally diagnosed as high‐grade VIN, were reassessed and categorized into HPV‐associated or HPV‐independent vulvar disease categories. Together with 113 healthy vulvar controls, all samples were tested for 12 methylation markers with quantitative multiplex methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP). Performance of individual markers and selection of an optimal marker panel for detection of high‐grade VIN was determined by logistic regression analysis. SST was the best‐performing individual marker (AUC 0.90), detecting 80% of high‐grade VIN cases, with excellent detection of HPV‐independent VIN (95%), known to have the highest cancer risk. Merely 2% of controls tested methylation positive for SST. Selection of a marker panel, including ZNF582, SST and miR124‐2, resulted in a comparably high accuracy for detection of high‐grade VIN (AUC 0.89). In conclusion, we clinically validated the accuracy of 12 DNA methylation markers for detection of high‐grade VIN. SST, as a sole marker or in a panel, provides an optimal diagnostic tool to distinguish high‐grade VIN in need of treatment, particularly HPV‐independent VIN, from low‐grade or reactive vulvar lesions. These findings warrant further prognostic validation of methylation biomarkers for cancer risk stratification of patients with VIN.
Electrical stimulation for therapeutic approach
Authors: Kim Enji , Kim Sumin , Kwon Yong Won , Seo Hunkyu , Kim Moohyun , Chung Won Gi , Park Wonjung , Song Hayoung , Lee Dong Ha , Lee Jakyoung , Lee Sanghoon , Jeong Inhea , Lim Kyeonghee , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrical stimulation as a therapeutic approach is widely applicable in terms of target tissues or target effects. This method can be an alternative to conventional therapies for patients who are resistant to drugs or are ineligible for surgical operations. In addition, as researchers have actively studied how to adjust the parameters for electrical stimulation in order to improve effectiveness, many patients have already received treatments with electrical stimulation. With respect to devices for electrical stimulation, recent studies are focused on developing reliability for safe and long‐term operations. From the point of view of engineers, a comprehensive understanding of how electrical stimulation modulates the biological system is essential to develop advanced strategies that provide effective therapeutic results. Herein, the fundamental mechanisms for delivering electrical stimulation on biological tissues are reviewed along with the requirements that need to be qualified by the electrodes. Furthermore, the latest advances in electrical stimulation devices are discussed followed by an introduction of representative applications of therapeutic electrical stimulation.
Neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation by hormesis on scopolamine induced neurodegenerative diseases of memory disorders in rats a paradigm shift
Authors: N. Danappanvar Aravinda , Biradar Prakash R. , Jalalpure Sunil S. , Belgaonkar Ashwini S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe loss and progressive dysfunction of neurons are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the current study is to explore the effects of photobiomodulation at 460–660 nm (100–1000 lux units) on the progression of scopolamine‐induced cognitive dysfunctions in Wistar male rats. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is defined as “the use of monochromatic or quasi‐monochromatic light from a low‐power laser or light‐emitting diode (LED) source to modify or modulate biological functions.” Neuroprotective activity was assessed by in vivo models such as the Morris water maze, the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the T‐maze. After using scopolamine (1 mg/kg/day) as a dementia induction model for 21 days, the induction was primarily due to impairments in cholinergic transmission, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The in vitro determinations, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were assessed biochemicals and biomarkers. The structural and morphological integrity of the cortex and hippocampus was investigated through histopathology. In vivo studies of exteroceptive behavior models such as the Morris water maze, the EPM, and the T‐maze revealed that administration of scopolamine resulted in enhanced escape latency time (ELT), transfer latency (TL), and decreased percentage alternation, respectively. The levels of AChE, BChE, reduced, GSH, SOD, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and ALP were increased, while MDA level was decreased. In contrast to normal and control groups with treatment groups, histopathology of the cortex and hippocampus examination revealed the maintenance of structural integrity and densities of CA1 and CA3 neuronal cells. However, network pharmacology predicted Ca+2 modulation of various pathways, among the treatments with red LED light showed highly significant amelioration compared with normal and control groups. Photobiomodulation by hormesis, chromophores in cells, and tissues excitation can influence neuroprotective effect mainly by scavenging of ROS, variation in the level of GSH MDA and SOD mitochondrial electron transfer, the improved abscopal effects on improved in gut microbiome by resembles the of fecal ALP level correlation of intestinal microbiome, cholinergic neurotransmissions, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
Origin of the kinetic HDAC2‐selectivity of an HDAC inhibitor
Authors: Mishima Hirokazu , Itoh Yukihiro , Kurohara Takashi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Asada Naoya , Kusakabe Ken‐ichi , Okamoto Yuko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA newly synthesized small molecule, KTT‐1, exhibits kinetically selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 2, HDAC2, over its homologous enzyme, HDAC1. KTT‐1 is hard to be released from the HDAC2/KTT‐1 complex, compared to the HDAC1/KTT‐1 complex and the residence time of KTT‐1 in HDAC2 is longer than that in HDAC1. To explore the physical origin of this kinetic selectivity, we performed replica‐exchange umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations for formation of both complexes. The calculated potentials of mean force suggest that KTT‐1 is stably bound to HDAC2 and that it is easily disassociated from HDAC1. In the direct vicinity of the KTT‐1 binding site in both enzymes, there exists a conserved loop consisting of four consecutive glycine residues (Gly304‐307 for HDAC2; Gly299‐302 for HDA1). The difference between the two enzymes comes from a single un‐conserved residue behind this loop, namely, Ala268 in HDAC2 and Ser263 in HDAC1. The Ala268 contributes to the tight binding of KTT‐1 to HDAC2 by the linear orientation of Ala268, Gly306, and one carbon atom in KTT‐1. On the other hand, Ser263 cannot stabilize the binding of KTT‐1 to HDAC1, because it is relatively further away from the glycine loop and because the directions of the two forces are not in line.
Effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on psychological outcomes in college and university students during COVID‐19 pandemics: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reangsing Chuntana , Moonpanane Katemanee , Pitchalard Khanittha , Kodyee Salisa , Seethikaew Nathamon , Oerther Sarah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe synthesized the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) on psychological outcomes in college and university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodTen electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2021. We reviewed studies with college and university students receiving MBIs with psychological outcomes. We only reviewed studies written in English. A random‐effects model was used to compute the effect size.ResultsOverall, MBIs showed a significantly moderate improvement in anxiety (g = 0.612, 95% CI: 0.288−0.936, I2 = 77%); depression (g = 0.372, 95% CI: 0.032−0.713, I2 = 72%); and mindfulness (g = 0.392, 95% CI:0.102−0.695, I2 = 64%) compared with control groups, while these interventions had a small effect in reducing stress, but not a significant one (g = 0.295, 95% CI: −0.088 to 0.676, I2 = 77%) compared with control groups.ConclusionMBIs significantly improved psychological outcomes among college and university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinicians and health providers should consider using MBIs as alternative complementary treatment for improving and preventing anxiety and depression in college and university students during COVID‐19.Clinical RelevanceThe use of MBIs for college and university students is an effective method to decrease anxiety, depressive symptoms, and increase mindfulness. MBIs would become a very useful means of alternative complementary treatment in mental health and clinical psychiatry
Correlates of burnout in predoctoral dental students in the United States
Authors: Joseph Alex , Finkelman Matthew D. , Khoynezhad Shirin , Bordin Thaisa Barizan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to investigate correlates of burnout among predoctoral dental students in the United States.MethodsAll 66 dental schools in the US were invited to distribute a survey on topics such as demographics, year of dental school, and burnout to their predoctoral students. Burnout was assessed via the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey, which has three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Multivariable modeling was conducted via generalized linear models using the lognormal distribution to adjust for confounding.ResultsThe survey was completed by 631 students from 21 dental schools. When adjusting for confounding, students identifying as African American/Black (Non‐Hispanic) (regression coefficient [95% CI]: −0.13 (−0.23, −0.02]) or Asian/Pacific Islander (−0.08 [−0.13, −0.02]) reported feeling significantly lower PA than students identifying as white. Students identifying as female reported feeling significantly greater EE (0.18 [0.10, 0.26]), but significantly less DP (−0.26 [−0.44, −0.09]), than students identifying as male. Third‐ (0.28 [0.07, 0.50]) and fourth‐year (0.40 [0.17, 0.63]) students reported significantly higher EE than first‐year students, while second‐ (0.40 [0.18, 0.62]), third‐ (1.06 [0.59, 1.53]), and fourth‐year (1.31 [0.82, 1.81]) students reported significantly higher DP than first‐year students.ConclusionsRisk indicators for burnout among US predoctoral dental students may depend on the dimension of burnout. Identifying those at higher risk of burnout can facilitate the implementation of counseling and other effective intervention strategies. Such identification can also provide insight into how the dental school environment might be contributing to the marginalization of those at higher risk.
Convection and extracellular matrix binding control interstitial transport of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Sariano Peter A. , Mizenko Rachel R. , Shirure Venktesh S. , Brandt Abigail K. , Nguyen Bryan B. , Nesiri Cem , Shergill Bhupinder S. , Brostoff Terza , Rocke David M. , Borowsky Alexander D. , Carney Randy P. , George Steven C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) influence a host of normal and pathophysiological processes in vivo. Compared to soluble mediators, EVs can traffic a wide range of proteins on their surface including extracellular matrix (ECM) binding proteins, and their large size (∼30‐150 nm) limits diffusion. We isolated EVs from the MCF10 series—a model human cell line of breast cancer progression—and demonstrated increasing presence of laminin‐binding integrins α3β1 and α6β1 on the EVs as the malignant potential of the MCF10 cells increased. Transport of the EVs within a microfluidic device under controlled physiological interstitial flow (0.15‐0.75 μm/s) demonstrated that convection was the dominant mechanism of transport. Binding of the EVs to the ECM enhanced the spatial concentration and gradient, which was mitigated by blocking integrins α3β1 and α6β1. Our studies demonstrate that convection and ECM binding are the dominant mechanisms controlling EV interstitial transport and should be leveraged in nanotherapeutic design.
The orobasal organ (of Ackerknecht): A bizarre structure of the mammalian oral cavity
Authors: Stäber Moritz , Storsberg Silke D. , Schumann Sven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVestigial organs are considered to have lost most or all of their functions through evolution. However, these structures can give insights into the phylogenetic history of species. Additionally, vestigial organs can be of clinical importance, since these structures might be confused with pathologies. The orobasal organ of Ackerknecht was discovered by and named after the veterinary anatomist Eberhard Ackerknecht. In 1912, he described morphologically highly variable epithelial invaginations behind the lower medial incisors in different mammalian species. The orobasal organ is considered a rudimentary structure without physiological function, but the evolutionary history of the orobasal organ remains unknown, so far. In this review, we sum up the actual knowledge about the orobasal organ and discuss possible origins of this structure. With this review, we hope to increase awareness of this anatomical structure, and thereby decrease the risk of confusion with a pathological condition like oral cancer.
Quantification of Endometrial Fibrosis Using Noninvasive MRI T2 Mapping: Initial Findings
Authors: Zhou Nan , Zhu Hui , Jiang Peipei , Hu Qing , Feng Yongjing , Chen Weibo , Zhou Kefeng , Hu Yali , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundEndometrial fibrosis may cause infertility. Accurate evaluation of endometrial fibrosis helps clinicians to schedule timely therapy.PurposeTo explore T2 mapping for assessing endometrial fibrosis.Study TypeProspective.PopulationNinety‐seven women with severe endometrial fibrosis (SEF) and 21 patients with mild to moderate endometrial fibrosis (MMEF), diagnosed by hysteroscopy, and 37 healthy women.Field Strength/Sequence3T, T2‐weighted turbo spin echo (T2‐weighted imaging) and multi‐echo turbo spin echo (T2 mapping) sequences.AssessmentEndometrial MRI parameters (T2, thickness [ET], area [EA], and volume [EV]) were measured by N.Z. and Q.H. (9‐ and 4‐years' experience in pelvic MRI) and compared between the three subgroups. A multivariable model including MRI parameters and clinical variables (including age and body mass index [BMI]) was developed to predict endometrial fibrosis assessed by hysteroscopy.Statistical TestsKruskal–Wallis; ANOVA; Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho); area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC); binary logistic regression; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). P value <0.05 for statistical significance.ResultsEndometrial T2, ET, EA, and EV of MMEF patients (185 msec, 8.2 mm, 168 mm2, and 2181 mm3) and SEF patients (164 msec, 6.7 mm, 120 mm2, and 1762 mm3) were significantly lower than those of healthy women (222 msec, 11.7 mm, 316 mm2, and 3960 mm3). Endometrial T2 and ET of SEF patients were significantly lower than those of MMEF patients. Endometrial T2, ET, EA, and EV were significantly correlated to the degree of endometrial fibrosis (rho = −0.623, −0.695, −0.694, −0.595). There were significant strong correlations between ET, EA, and EV in healthy women and MMEF patients (rho = 0.850–0.908). Endometrial MRI parameters and the multivariable model accurately distinguished MMEF or SEF from normal endometrium (AUCs >0.800). Age, BMI, and MRI parameters in univariable analysis and age and T2 in multivariable analysis significantly predicted endometrial fibrosis. The reproducibility of MRI parameters was excellent (ICC, 0.859–0.980).Data ConclusionT2 mapping has potential to noninvasively and quantitatively evaluate the degree of endometrial fibrosis.Evidence Level: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Immunodominant SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses elicited by inactivated vaccines in healthy adults
Authors: Ning Jie , Wang Qinjin , Chen Ying , He Taojun , Zhang Fang , Chen Xingchi , Shi Liang , Zhai Aixia , Li Bin , Wu Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSafety profiles and humoral responses to inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines have been previously assessed, but cellular immune responses to inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines remain understudied. Here, we report the comprehensive characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses elicited by the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine. A total of 295 healthy adults were recruited, and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell responses were detected after stimulation with overlapping peptide pools spanning the entire length of the envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins. Robust and durable CD4+ (p < 0.0001) and CD8+ (p < 0.0001) T‐cell responses specific to SARS‐CoV‐2 were detected following the third vaccination, with an increase in specific CD8+ T‐cells, compared to CD4+ T‐cells. Cytokine profiles showed that interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor‐α were predominantly expressed with the negligible expression of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐10, indicating a Th1‐ or Tc1‐biased response. Compared to E and M proteins, N and S activated a higher proportion of specific T‐cells with broader functions. The predominant frequency of the N antigen (49/89) was highest for CD4+ T‐cell immunity. Furthermore, N19–36 and N391–408 were identified to contain dominant CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell epitopes, respectively. In addition, N19–36‐specific CD8+ T‐cells were mainly effector memory CD45RA cells, whereas N391–408‐specific CD4+ T‐cells were mainly effector memory cells. Therefore, this study reports comprehensive features of T‐cell immunity induced by the inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine BBIBP‐CorV and proposes highly conserved candidate peptides which may be beneficial in vaccine optimization.