bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of Trendelenburg position for acute moderate ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Hui-Sheng , Zhang Nan-Nan , Cui Yu , Li Xiao-Qiu , Zhou Cheng-Shu , Ma Yu-Tong , Zhang Hong , Jiang Chang-Hao , Li Run-Hui , Wan Li-Shu , Jiao Zhen , Xiao Hong-Bo , Li Zhuo , Yan Ting-Guang , Wang Duo-Lao , Nguyen Thanh N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe aim to explore the effect of head-down position (HDP), initiated within 24 hours of onset, in moderate anterior circulation stroke patients with probable large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) etiology. This investigator-initiated, multi-center trial prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint, multi-center and phase-2 trial was conducted in China and completed in 2021. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into the HDP group receiving −20° Trendelenburg, or control group receiving standard care according to national guideline. The primary endpoint was proportion of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0 to 2 at 90 days, which is a scale for measuring the degree of disability after stroke. 90-day mRS was assessed by a certified staff member who was blinded to group assignment. A total of 96 patients were randomized (47 in HDP group and 49 in control group) and 94 (97.9%) patients were included in the final analysis: 46 in HDP group and 48 in control group. The proportion of favorable outcome was 65.2% (30/46) in the HDP group versus 50.0% (24/48) in the control group (unadjusted: OR 2.05 [95%CI 0.87-4.82], P = 0.099). No severe adverse event was attributed to HDP procedures. This work suggests that the head-down position seems safe and feasible, but does not improve favorable functional outcome in acute moderate stroke patients with LAA. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03744533.
Dynamic and stable hippocampal representations of social identity and reward expectation support associative social memory in male mice
Authors: Kong Eunji , Lee Kyu-Hee , Do Jongrok , Kim Pilhan , Lee Doyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecognizing an individual and retrieving and updating the value information assigned to the individual are fundamental abilities for establishing social relationships. To understand the neural mechanisms underlying the association between social identity and reward value, we developed Go-NoGo social discrimination paradigms that required male subject mice to distinguish between familiar mice based on their individually unique characteristics and associate them with reward availability. We found that mice could discriminate individual conspecifics through a brief nose-to-nose investigation, and this ability depended on the dorsal hippocampus. Two-photon calcium imaging revealed that dorsal CA1 hippocampal neurons represented reward expectation during social, but not non-social tasks, and these activities were maintained over days regardless of the identity of the associated mouse. Furthermore, a dynamically changing subset of hippocampal CA1 neurons discriminated between individual mice with high accuracy. Our findings suggest that the neuronal activities in CA1 provide possible neural substrates for associative social memory.
Multispectral versus texture features from ZiYuan-3 for recognizing on deciduous tree species with cloud and SVM models
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wang Ling , Liu Xiaolu , Li Langping , Zhu Xicun , Chang Chunyan , Lan Hengxing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTree species recognition accuracy greatly affects forest remote sensing mapping and forestry resource monitoring. The multispectral and texture features of the remote sensing images from the ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite at two phenological phases of autumn and winter (September 29th and December 7th) were selected for constructing and optimizing sensitive spectral indices and texture indices. Multidimensional cloud model and support vector machine (SVM) model were constructed by the screened spectral and texture indices for remote sensing recognition of Quercus acutissima (Q. acutissima) and Robinia pseudoacacia (R. pseudoacacia) on Mount Tai. The results showed that, the correlation intensities of the constructed spectral indices with tree species were preferable in winter than in autumn. The spectral indices constructed by band 4 showed the superior correlation compared with other bands, both in the autumn and winter time phases. The optimal sensitive texture indices for both phases were mean, homogeneity and contrast for Q. acutissima, and contrast, dissimilarity and second moment for R. pseudoacacia. Spectral features were found to have a higher recognition accuracy than textural features for recognizing on both Q. acutissima and R. pseudoacacia, and winter showing superior recognition accuracy than autumn, especially for Q. acutissima. The recognition accuracy of the multidimensional cloud model (89.98%) does not show a superior advantage over the one-dimensional cloud model (90.57%). The highest recognition accuracy derived from a three-dimensional SVM was 84.86%, which was lower than the cloud model (89.98%) in the same dimension. This study is expected to provide technical support for the precise recognition and forestry management on Mount Tai.
Risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes associated with prenatal Zika virus infection: a post-epidemic cohort in Central-West Brazil
Authors: Rosado Luiza Emylce Pela , Martelli Celina M. Turchi , Brickley Elizabeth B. , Gomes Maria Barbara Franco , de Toledo Lima Talita , da Costa Paulo Sergio Sucasas , de Ávila Marcos Pereira , Viggiano Marcello Braga , do Amaral Waldemar Naves , de Rezende Feres Valeria Christina , Fiaccadori Fabiola Souza , de Sene Amancio Zara Ana Laura , Ferreira-Lopes Angela , Turchi Marilia Dalva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the risks of adverse infant outcomes in the first year of life related to prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure. A prospective cohort of pregnant women with rash was recruited in Central-West Brazil in a post-epidemic period (January 2017 to April 2019). We evaluated participants’ medical histories and performed ZIKV diagnostic testing using molecular (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and serologic (immunoglobulin [Ig]M and plaque reduction neutralization tests [PRNT90]) assays. The ZIKV-positive group included both RT-PCR-confirmed cases as well as IgM and/or PRNT90-positive probable cases. Children were evaluated at birth and in the first 12 months of life. Transfontanellar ultrasound, central nervous system computed tomography, eye fundoscopy and retinography were performed. We estimated the absolute risk and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of adverse infant outcomes among confirmed prenatally ZIKV-exposed children. Among 81 pregnant women with rash, 43 (53.1%) were ZIKV infected. The absolute risk of microcephaly among offspring of ZIKV-infected pregnant women was 7.0% (95% CI: 1.5–19.1), including the two cases of microcephaly detected prenatally and one detected postnatally. In total, 54.5% (95% CI: 39.8–68.7) of children in the ZIKV-exposed group had at least one ophthalmic abnormality, with the most frequent abnormalities being focal pigmentary mottling and chorioretinal atrophy or scarring. Our findings reinforce the importance of long-term monitoring of prenatally ZIKV-exposed children born apparently asymptomatic for Congenital Zika Syndrome.
Machine learning analysis predicts a person’s sex based on mechanical but not thermal pain thresholds
Authors: Lötsch Jörn , Mayer Benjamin , Kringel Dario 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSex differences in pain perception have been extensively studied, but precision medicine applications such as sex-specific pain pharmacology have barely progressed beyond proof-of-concept. A data set of pain thresholds to mechanical (blunt and punctate pressure) and thermal (heat and cold) stimuli applied to non-sensitized and sensitized (capsaicin, menthol) forearm skin of 69 male and 56 female healthy volunteers was analyzed for data structures contingent with the prior sex structure using unsupervised and supervised approaches. A working hypothesis that the relevance of sex differences could be approached via reversibility of the association, i.e., sex should be identifiable from pain thresholds, was verified with trained machine learning algorithms that could infer a person's sex in a 20% validation sample not seen to the algorithms during training, with balanced accuracy of up to 79%. This was only possible with thresholds for mechanical stimuli, but not for thermal stimuli or sensitization responses, which were not sufficient to train an algorithm that could assign sex better than by guessing or when trained with nonsense (permuted) information. This enabled the translation to the molecular level of nociceptive targets that convert mechanical but not thermal information into signals interpreted as pain, which could eventually be used for pharmacological precision medicine approaches to pain. By exploiting a key feature of machine learning, which allows for the recognition of data structures and the reduction of information to the minimum relevant, experimental human pain data could be characterized in a way that incorporates "non" logic that could be translated directly to the molecular pharmacological level, pointing toward sex-specific precision medicine for pain.
Parallel dynamics in the yield of universal SARS-CoV-2 admission screening and population incidence
Authors: Schreiber Peter W. , Scheier Thomas , Wolfensberger Aline , Saleschus Dirk , Vazquez Miriam , Kouyos Roger , Zingg Walter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe majority of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions originates from either asymptomatic or presymptomatic individuals. To prevent unnoticed introduction of SARS-CoV-2, many hospitals have implemented universal admission screening during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate associations between results of an universal SARS-CoV-2 admission screening and public SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Over a study period of 44 weeks, all patients admitted to a large tertiary care hospital were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were retrospectively categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic at admission. Cantonal data were used to calculate weekly incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants. We used regression models for count data to assess the association of the weekly cantonal incidence rate and the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in the canton with (a) the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals and (b) the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals identified in universal admission screening, respectively. In a 44-week period, a total of 21,508 admission screenings were performed. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive in 643 (3.0%) individuals. In 97 (15.0%) individuals, the positive PCR reflected residual viral replication after recent COVID-19, 469 (72.9%) individuals had COVID-19 symptoms and 77 (12.0%) SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals were asymptomatic. Cantonal incidence correlated with the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals [rate ratio (RR): 2.03 per 100 point increase of weekly incidence rate, 95%CI 1.92–2.14] and the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals (RR: 2.40 per 100 point increase of weekly incidence rate, 95%CI 2.03–2.82). The highest correlation between dynamics in cantonal incidence and results of admission screening was observed at a lag time of one week. Similarly, the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in the canton of Zurich correlated with the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals (RR: 2.86 per log increase in the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in the canton, 95%CI 2.56–3.19) and the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals (RR: 6.50 per log increase in the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in the canton, 95%CI 3.93–10.75) in admission screening. Around 0.36% of admission screenings were positive in asymptomatic patients. Admission screening results paralleled changes in population incidence with a brief lag.
Exploring gold mineralization in altered ultramafic rocks in south Abu Marawat, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Eldougdoug Abdelmonem , Abdelazeem Maha , Gobashy Mohamed , Abdelwahed Mohamed , Abd El-Rahman Yasser , Abdelhalim Ahmed , Said Said 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGold mining is an important strategic sector. The search for mineral reserves is moving deeper as more accessible shallow resources are discovered. Geophysical techniques are now being employed more frequently in mineral exploration because they are quick and can provide crucial subsurface information for discovering potential metal deposits, particularly in high-relief and inaccessible places. The potential for gold in a large-scale gold mining (LSGM) locality in the South Abu Marawat area is investigated using a geological field investigation that includes rock sampling, structural measurements, detailed petrography, reconnaissance geochemistry, and thin section analysis, integrated with various transformation filters of surface magnetic data (analytic signal, normalized source strength, tilt angle), contact occurrence density maps, and tomographic modelling for the subsurface magnetic susceptibilities. The benefits of remote sensing (RS) and its technology in mapping detailed rock differentiation, and characterizing physical objects on the land surface using various spatial, and spectral resolution datasets are integrated. Both aeromagnetic and measured land magnetic profiles are used to investigate the area’s present geological conditions and possible future mining localities. Results indicate that gold mineralization in the study area is linked to the altered ultramafic zones that are associated with faulting and shearing and characterized by a low magnetic susceptibility anomaly.
Inaccuracies of deterministic finite-element models of human middle ear revealed by stochastic modelling
Authors: Ebrahimian Arash , Mohammadi Hossein , Rosowski John J. , Cheng Jeffrey Tao , Maftoon Nima 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor over 40 years, finite-element models of the mechanics of the middle ear have been mostly deterministic in nature. Deterministic models do not take into account the effects of inter-individual variabilities on middle-ear parameters. We present a stochastic finite-element model of the human middle ear that uses variability in the model parameters to investigate the uncertainty in the model outputs (umbo, stapes, and tympanic-membrane displacements). We demonstrate: (1) uncertainties in the model parameters can be magnified by more than three times in the umbo and stapes footplate responses at frequencies above 2 kHz; (2) middle-ear models are biased and they distort the output distributions; and (3) with increased frequency, the highly-uncertain regions spatially spread out on the tympanic membrane surface. Our results assert that we should be mindful when using deterministic finite-element middle-ear models for critical tasks such as novel device developments and diagnosis.
Children’s affective involvement in early word learning
Authors: Outters Vivien , Hepach Robert , Behne Tanya , Mani Nivedita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current study set out to examine the underlying physiological mechanisms of and the emotional response associated with word learning success in young 3-year-old predominantly white children. In particular, we examined whether children’s physiological arousal following a word learning task predicts their word learning success and whether successful learning in turn predicts children’s subsequent positive emotions. We presented children (n = 50) with a cross-situational word learning task and measured their pupillary arousal following completion of the task, as well as changes to their upper body posture following completion of the task, as indices of children’s emotions following task completion. Children who showed greater physiological arousal following the novel word recognition task (n = 40) showed improved subsequent word recognition performance. We found that children showed more elevated posture after completing a familiar word learning task compared to completing a novel word learning task (n = 33) but results on children’s individual learning success and postural elevation were mixed. We discuss the findings with regards to children’s affective involvement in word learning.
Modifications of peripheral perfusion in patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock treated with polymyxin B-direct hemoperfusion
Authors: Sekino Motohiro , Murakami Yu , Sato Shuntaro , Shintani Ryosuke , Kaneko Shohei , Iwasaki Naoya , Araki Hiroshi , Ichinomiya Taiga , Higashijima Ushio , Hara Tetsuya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbnormal peripheral perfusion (PP) worsens the prognosis of patients with septic shock. Polymyxin B-direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) increases blood pressure and reduces vasopressor doses. However, the modification of PP following administration of PMX-DHP in patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock have not yet been elucidated. A retrospective exploratory observational study was conducted in patients with septic shock treated with PMX-DHP. Pulse-amplitude index (PAI), vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), and cumulative fluid balance data were extracted at PMX-DHP initiation (T0) and after 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) h. Changes in these data were analyzed in all patients and two subgroups (abnormal PP [PAI < 1] and normal PP [PAI ≥ 1]) based on the PAI at PMX-DHP initiation. Overall, 122 patients (abnormal PP group, n = 67; normal PP group, n = 55) were evaluated. Overall and in the abnormal PP group, PAI increased significantly at T24 and T48 compared with that at T0, with a significant decrease in VIS. Cumulative 24-h fluid balance after PMX-DHP initiation was significantly higher in the abnormal PP group. PMX-DHP may be an effective intervention to improve PP in patients with abnormal PP; however, caution should be exercised as fluid requirements may differ from that of patients with normal PP.
Evaluating the ability of some natural phenolic acids to target the main protease and AAK1 in SARS COV-2
Authors: Ghamry Heba I. , Belal Amany , El-Ashrey Mohamed Kandeel , Tawfik Haytham O. , Alsantali Reem I. , Obaidullah Ahmad J. , El-Mansi Ahmed A. , Abdelrahman Doaa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearchers are constantly searching for drugs to combat the coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has lasted for over two years. Natural compounds such as phenolic acids are being tested against Mpro and AAK1, which are key players in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. This research work aims to study the ability of a panel of natural phenolic acids to inhibit the virus's multiplication directly through Mpro and indirectly by affecting the adaptor-associated protein kinase-1 (AAK1). Pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, and dynamic studies were conducted over 50 ns and 100 ns on a panel of 39 natural phenolic acids. Rosmarinic acid (16) on the Mpro receptor (− 16.33 kcal/mol) and tannic acid (17) on the AAK1 receptor (− 17.15 kcal/mol) exhibited the best docking energy against both receptors. These favourable docking score values were found to be superior to those of the co-crystallized ligands. Preclinical and clinical research is required before using them simultaneously to halt the COVID-19 life cycle in a synergistic manner.
Linking plant and vertebrate species to Nature’s Contributions to People in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Rey Pierre-Louis , Vittoz Pascal , Petitpierre Blaise , Adde Antoine , Guisan Antoine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the late 1990s, Nature’s Contributions to People (NCPs; i.e. ecosystem services) were used as a putative leverage for fostering nature preservation. NCPs have largely been defined and mapped at the landscape level using land use and cover classifications. However, NCP mapping attempts based directly on individual species are still uncommon. Given that species shape ecosystems and ultimately deliver NCPs, mapping NCPs based on species distribution data should deliver highly meaningful results. This requires first establishing a census of the species-to-NCP relationships. However, datasets quantifying these relationships across several species and NCPs are rare. Here, we fill this gap by compiling literature and expert knowledge to establish the relationships of 1816 tracheophyte and 250 vertebrate species with 17 NCPs in the Swiss Alps. We illustrated the 31,098 identified species-NCP relationships for the two lineages and discuss why such a table is a key initial step in building spatial predictions of NCPs directly from species data, e.g. to ultimately complement spatial conservation planning.
Heavy metal pollution levels and health risk assessment of dust storms in Jazmurian region, Iran
Authors: Soleimani-Sardo Mojtaba , Shirani Mahboube , Strezov Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Jazmurian basin in Iran is an area affected by climate change and desertification where aerosols and dust storms are common. The aim of this work was to determine the human and ecological risks from atmospheric particles during dust storms in different cities in the Jazmurian basin. For this purpose, the dust samples were collected from Jiroft, Roodbar Jonoob, Ghaleh Ganj, Kahnooj and Iranshahr cities, which are located around the Jazmurian playa in southeast of Iran. Satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol products and the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) were used to detect aerosol loading in the atmosphere. Moreover, the trace element composition of the collected particles was determined and used to evaluate human and ecological impact assessment using US EPA human health risk assessment and ReCiPe 2016 endpoint hierarchist impact assessment method incorporated in the OpenLCA 1.10.3 software. The human health risk assessment of the particles revealed high non-carcinogenic risks for children from exposure to nickel and manganese and carcinogenic risks in both adults and children due to hexavalent chromium, arsenic and cobalt during dust storm events. Terrestrial ecotoxicity was found to have the largest ecological impact on ecosystems with copper, nickel and zinc exhibiting the largest contributions.
Deletion of MIF gene from live attenuated LdCen−/− parasites enhances protective CD4+ T cell immunity
Authors: Fiuza Jacqueline Araújo , Gannavaram Sreenivas , Gaze Soraya Torres , de Ornellas Letícia Gambogi , Alves Érica Alessandra , Ismail Nevien , Nakhasi Hira Lal , Correa-Oliveira Rodrigo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVaccination with live attenuated Leishmania parasites such as centrin deleted Leishmania donovani (LdCen−/−) against visceral leishmaniasis has been reported extensively. The protection induced by LdCen−/− parasites was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the host immune mediators of protection are known, parasite determinants that affect the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations remain unknown. Parasite encoded inflammatory cytokine MIF has been shown to modulate the T cell differentiation characteristics by altering the inflammation induced apoptosis during contraction phase in experimental infections with Leishmania or Plasmodium. Neutralization of parasite encoded MIF either by antibodies or gene deletion conferred protection in Plasmodium and Leishmania studies. We investigated if the immunogenicity and protection induced by LdCen−/− parasites is affected by deleting MIF genes from this vaccine strain. Our results showed that LdCen−/−MIF−/− immunized group presented higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells, increased CD8+ T cell proliferation after challenge compared to LdCen−/− immunization. LdCen−/−MIF−/− immunized group presented elevated production of IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells concomitant with a reduced parasite load in spleen and liver compared to LdCen−/−group following challenge with L. infantum. Our results demonstrate the role of parasite induced factors involved in protection and long-term immunity of vaccines against VL.