bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a mate choice program: Tactics trialed and lessons learned with the critically endangered honeycreeper, 'akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)
Authors: Alverson Donald P. , Martin Meghan S. , Hebebrand Christina T. , Greggor Alison L. , Masuda Bryce , Swaisgood Ronald R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPractitioners have increasingly turned to conservation breeding to address species extinction. Breeding programs aim to maximize genetic diversity, but often genetic pairings are behaviorally incompatible, which can compromise offspring production. Allowing animals to choose their own mate can improve compatibility and increase the number and quality of offspring produced. However, designing mate choice protocols can be challenging when dealing with endangered species where little is known about their reproductive biology and behavior. We present the first experimental attempt to develop a mate‐choice program for the endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper, the 'akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi). We aimed to determine (1) which behaviors predict preference, (2) how best to observe preference, and (3) whether preference predicts successful socialization, nest building and egg production. We gave each female a choice between two males and assessed preference over multiple observations. Each female was then paired with a preferred or a nonpreferred male and their breeding outcomes were tracked. 'Akikiki paired with a preferred mate were more likely to lay eggs and had more eggs per clutch. We identify the optimal length, number, and complexity of observations for determining preference, thereby balancing the time investment of staff, while maximizing the potential reproductive output of the program.
Density‐dependent processes and population dynamics of native sculpin in a mountain river
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , Thiede Gary P. , Budy Phaedra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the processes governing population dynamics is important for effective conservation and environmental management. Disentangling the relative role of density‐dependent versus density‐independent processes on population dynamics is often made difficult by the inability to control for abiotic or biotic factors, but long‐term datasets are invaluable in this pursuit. We used a 14‐year dataset from the Logan River, Utah, to assess long‐term trends in abundance and evidence of density‐dependent and density‐independent effects on population dynamics of Paiute sculpin (Cottus beldingii) across six sites. Additionally, we evaluated the feeding ecology of sculpin over 4 years. Sculpin densities generally increased from upstream to downstream, and the annual per capita rate of increase was negatively and significantly correlated with sculpin density at four of six sites. We observed a negative relationship between total gut content and sculpin density but did not observe a negative relationship between relative condition and density. Sculpin displayed a generalist feeding strategy, and interannual differences in diet composition appeared to be influenced by interannual differences in flow, particularly years with higher magnitude flow. The observed spatial patterns in sculpin abundance throughout the watershed matched those of invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta), the top piscivore in the Logan River, and likely represent affinities for the suite of ecological conditions associated with downstream sections of the Logan River. Our results suggest that sculpin populations are regulated largely by density‐dependent processes and match those from other studies on sculpin population dynamics including a range of species and habitats that differ vastly in abiotic conditions.
First record of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Armenia: Extension of its invasive range in West Asia
Authors: Kalashian M. Yu. , Ghrejyan T. L. , Karagyan G. H. , Mazmanyan M. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe data on the first findings of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) in Armenia are presented. The species was found in three localities in the north‐eastern part of the country, characterized by subtropical climatic conditions. The species is thought to have spread naturally from neighbouring regions of Georgia or Azerbaijan.
Three‐point bending fatigue behavior of basalt‐carbon‐glass/epoxy hybrid composites under saltwater environment
Authors: Esleman Esmael Adem , Önal Gürol 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFatigue is a sudden failure of components below the maximum strength of the material when subjected to repeated loading. This paper studies the fatigue behavior of basalt, carbon, and glass fibers/epoxy hybrid composites under three‐point flexural loading and a saltwater environment. Five different composite panels were manufactured using the VARTM. The samples were then immersed in a saltwater solution for 60, 120, and 180 days before conducting the tests. Three‐point static and fatigue tests were conducted using UTM as per ASTM D7264‐07 and ASTM D7774‐12. The S‐N and stiffness degradation curves were plotted, and the morphology of the fatigue samples was investigated using SEM. In addition, the ion penetration in the solution was detected with ICP‐OES analysis. The result shows that bending fatigue properties of all composite samples show a degradation as the immersion period increases. This might be due to micro‐hole formation as the ions move from the sample to the saltwater solution.
Can germination strategies help to understand regional co‐occurrence of two morphologically conserved congeneric macrophytes?
Authors: Beirinckx Lise , Triest Ludwig , Vanschoenwinkel Bram 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

In variable environments the production of dormant life stages can help organisms to avoid periods that are unsuitable for growth and reproduction, and different species may rely on different cues to break dormancy. However, it is still unclear to what extent variation in germination strategies can help to explain variation in the distributions of related species and contribute to adaptive radiation. Using standardised laboratory germination trials, we demonstrated the existence of both inter‐ and intraspecific variation in germination strategies in two congeneric species of submerged macrophytes that occur in a dynamic wetland system characterised by strong variation in salinity and hydro‐regime.

The ditch grass Ruppia maritima L. typically lives in temporary waterbodies, where it assures high seed set through a short life cycle, early flowering and self‐pollination. Its congeneric Ruppia spiralis L. ex Dumortier grows in (semi‐)permanent waterbodies where it can have a perennial life cycle. Populations are presumed to be maintained mainly through clonal growth, and seed production is lower than in R. maritima. We hypothesised that salt and temperature are two important germination cues in these ecosystems that can explain the observed differences in distribution patterns between these two species.

We exposed seeds of both species in a full factorial designed experiment to four different salinities (0‰, 7‰, 14‰ and 21‰) and two different temperature regimes (17 and 24°C, simulating spring and summer temperatures, respectively). The experiment was repeated over three consecutive inundation cycles (30 days of inundation, followed by 30 days of drought). During the third cycle, all seeds were inundated with fresh water, as salinity might constraint germination in species that rely on fresh water for germination.

We found that the R. maritima seeds had overall low germination success. The freshwater inundation caused rapid germination in seeds that previously were in a high‐salinity treatment. In R. spiralis, which inhabits more permanent habitats of variable salinity, we detected a more complex response, involving two germination peaks. These two contrasting germination strategies observed within R. spiralis could target spring or summertime growing periods respectively. We believe that the observed variation in germination strategies is an important element in ecological differentiation in the morphologically conserved genus Ruppia and may have contributed to past and ongoing speciation.
Headache prevalence in transgender and gender diverse youth: A single‐center case–control study
Authors: Hranilovich Jennifer A. , Millington Kate 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssess the prevalence of headache in transgender and gender‐diverse adolescents, comparing prevalence with and without exposure to gender‐affirming hormone therapy.BackgroundTransgender and gender‐diverse youth are an understudied group in whom we can study the effects of sex steroids on adolescents’ development of headache. We hypothesized that transfeminine adolescents treated with estrogen would have higher odds of headache than those not treated, and that transmasculine adolescents treated with testosterone would have lower odds of headache than those not treated.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study analyzed all patients seen at the Boston Children's Hospital Gender Multispecialty Service clinic from 2007 to 2017. Cases were defined as patients with headache, controls as those without headache, and exposure as treatment with gender‐affirming hormone therapy (i.e., estrogen or testosterone). A computerized search identified cases that were then validated by chart review.ResultsFifty‐two of the 763 transgender and gender‐diverse patients seen were confirmed to have headache. Of 273 transfeminine patients 45% (123/273) received estrogen treatment. Transfeminine patients receiving estrogen were more likely to have headache than those not receiving estrogen (7% [9/123] vs. 1% [2/150]; odd ratio [OR] 5.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–27.6), p = 0.026). Of 490 transmasculine patients, 46% (227/490) received testosterone. Transmasculine patients receiving testosterone were more likely to have headache than those not receiving testosterone (12% [28/227] vs. 5% (13/263); OR 2.71 (95% CI 1.37–5.4), p = 0.005).ConclusionAmong transfeminine and transmasculine youth, those who received gender‐affirming hormone therapy had higher odds of headache compared to those not taking gender‐affirming hormone therapy. Further prospective studies to guide headache care of transgender and gender‐diverse youth and adults are needed. Our results could be generalizable to other pediatric gender management clinics and may be worth discussing with patients considering treatment.
Staff perceptions of the quality of care delivered in a New Zealand mental health and addiction service: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Craik Brooke , Derrett Sarah , Wyeth Emma H. , Green Mel , Cox Adell 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn New Zealand, people receiving care from specialist mental health and addiction services experience poorer health outcomes compared to the general population. Māori (Indigenous) specialist mental health and addiction service users experience disproportionate inequities. This study aims to: (1) Describe and understand mental health staff perspectives on the quality of care delivered to specialist mental health and addiction service users in their service – including specifically for Māori; and (2) Identify areas staff report as opportunities for quality improvement. In 2020, Southern District Health Board (now Te Whatu Ora – Southern) mental health staff were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional study assessing their perceptions of a range of service aspects. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative analyses about quality of care. Among the 319 staff who completed the questionnaire; 272 provided quality‐of‐care responses. Among these, 78% reported the quality of care delivered to service users as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’; only 60% reported this for Māori service users. Participants identified individual, service and broader system level factors influencing the quality of care delivered to service users, including factors specific for Māori. This study has identified, for what appears to be the first time, empirical and concerning differences in staff ratings of the quality of care delivered to Māori and SMHAS users overall. Findings highlight the need for institutional and managerial prioritization of hauora Māori, and incorporating tikanga Māori and Te Tiriti into practice.
The psychological experience of nursing students in their internship year during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almadani Noura , Alamri Majed , AL‐Dossary Reem , Albaqawi Hamdan , Al Hosis Khaled , Aljohani Mohammed , Alrasheadi Bader , Aljohani Khalid , Falatah Rawaih , Alharbi Jalal , Alasqah Ibrahim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic produced challenges and troubling issues in Saudi Arabia and worldwide. During the height of the pandemic, the psychological status of nursing students was complicated by challenges that affected their educational future. We used qualitative approach to explore the psychological status of 20 Saudi nursing students from Nursing College in their internship program during the COVID‐19 pandemic by investigating their perceptions, experiences, and challenges. Thematic analysis methods were used to present the data as themes and subthemes. Themes that emerged during interviews revealed: Interns' experiences from the outbreak; Perceptions of students toward COVID‐19; Mental distress associated with the situation; Level of support from either or both university authorities or hospital education and training departments; Financial challenges; and Readiness to complete a nursing internship. COVID‐19 presented several challenges to Saudi nursing students in internship year including psychological distress in several aspects such as fear of infection for themselves and their families. However, this study findings do not apply to all nursing students as it only included nursing interns actively engaged in clinical practice. Additional studies are required to examine how the clinical practice of internships varied across the country during any epidemic situation.
Infant sleep predicts trajectories of social attention and later autism traits
Authors: Begum‐Ali Jannath , Gossé Louisa K. , Mason Luke , Pasco Greg , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J.H. ,   The STAARS Team
Published: March 2023

BackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep disturbances, but little is known about when these sleep differences emerge and how they relate to later development.MethodsWe used a prospective longitudinal design in infants with a family history of ASD and/or ADHD to examine infant sleep and its relation to trajectories of attention and later neurodevelopmental disorders. We formed factors of Day and Night Sleep from parent‐reported measures (including day/night sleep duration, number of naps in the day, frequency of night awakenings and sleep onset problems). We examined sleep in 164 infants at 5‐, 10‐ and 14‐months with/without a first‐degree relative with ASD and/or ADHD who underwent a consensus clinical assessment for ASD at age 3.ResultsBy 14‐months, infants with a first‐degree relative with ASD (but not ADHD) showed lower Night Sleep scores than infants with no family history of ASD; lower Night Sleep scores in infancy were also associated with a later ASD diagnosis, decreased cognitive ability, increased ASD symptomatology at 3‐years, and developing social attention (e.g., looking to faces). We found no such effects with Day Sleep.ConclusionsSleep disturbances may be apparent at night from 14‐months in infants with a family history of ASD and also those with later ASD, but were not associated with a family history of ADHD. Infant sleep disturbances were also linked to later dimensional variation in cognitive and social skills across the cohort. Night Sleep and Social Attention were interrelated over the first 2 years of life, suggesting that this may be one mechanism through which sleep quality influences neurodevelopment. Interventions targeted towards supporting families with their infant's sleep problems may be useful in this population.
Evaluation of a modernized supported housing intervention for individuals who experience severe and persistent mental illness in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Booth Richard G. , Lam Melody , Forchuk Cheryl , Yang Annie , Shariff Salimah Z. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhat is known on the subject

Supported housing approaches that include case management and increased opportunities for independence and personal autonomy for people who are living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) have been found to help reduce hospitalizations and use of the emergency department.

What is not fully clear is if these types of supported housing arrangements also influence the use of primary health care and other specialist services.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

This study uncovered that individuals experiencing SPMI who lived in supported housing used more primary health care and specialist physician services, in the year following transition to this housing arrangement.

What are the implications for practice

The findings of this study suggest that supported housing arrangements for people experiencing SPMI may help in improving the personalization of health services for individual residents, including increasing access to both primary health care and specialist services.

This is important for nursing practice, as the findings of the study show that supported housing arrangements for people experiencing SPMI may assist in better supporting their complex health care needs.

AbstractIntroductionSupported housing for people who are living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) has been found to help reduce hospitalizations and use of the emergency department. What is not fully clear is if these types of supported housing arrangements also influence the use of primary health care and other specialist services.Aim/QuestionThe aim of this study was to compare the use of health services use of individuals with SPMI, before and after transition to the new supported housing program.MethodUsing health care administrative databases, a pre‐post cohort study was conducted examining the health system use of residents who transitioned from custodial to supported housing arrangements between 2017 and 2019.ResultsIndividuals with SPMI used more primary health care and specialist physician services after transition to the supported housing model.DiscussionThe results suggest that a supported housing model may be associated with increased usage of outpatient person‐centred health services in people experiencing SPMI.Implications for PracticeThe findings of this study suggest that supported housing arrangements for people experiencing SPMI may help in improving the personalization of health services for individual. This is important for nursing practice, as the findings of the study show that supported housing arrangements may assist in better supporting complex health care needs of individuals.
A One Health review of aerodigestive disease in dogs
Authors: Grobman Megan , Reinero Carol 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis review article seeks to define and describe aerodigestive disease in dogs, and review current and emerging methods of diagnostic evaluation. Aspiration of gastric contents into the respiratory tract is associated with the development and progression of numerous respiratory diseases in humans. In veterinary medicine the term “aspiration” is considered synonymous with “aspiration pneumonia” which, while frequently encountered, does not accurately reflect the breadth of aspiration associated respiratory syndromes (AARS). In the clinical veterinary literature, the effect of alimentary dysfunction on respiratory disease and vice versa (aerodigestive disease) is rarely investigated despite evidence in the human literature, animal models, and some studies and case reports linking alimentary and respiratory disease in small animals. Current methods of investigating aerodigestive diseases in veterinary patients are limited by inadeqate sensitivity or specificity, potential for bias, cost, and availability. This necessitates investigations into advanced diagnostics to identify potentially underrecognized animals with AARS. Additionally, similarities in anatomy, physiology, and several disorders between dogs and humans, make experimental and naturally occurring canine models of AARS integral to translational research. Thus, evaluating dogs with aerodigestive disease might represent an area of substantial clinical relevance in human as well as veterinary medicine.
The Subsets of SLIDE‐ and Parallel‐Related Combinations in Twentieth‐Century Music
Authors: HONARMAND AMIN 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIn twentieth‐century music, not only do SLIDE and Parallel function as transformations between chords, but they also combine triads to form pitch‐class units from which many triadic and non‐triadic subsets are derived. By identifying these subsets, I illustrate the larger frameworks of the SLIDE and Parallel formulae and their unifying roles in the pitch‐class organisation of selected twentieth‐century pieces. After establishing the subset/superset identity, I reveal that the subsets serve two formal purposes, functioning as elements of initiation and closure in relation to the pitch‐class organisation of structural units. Moreover, I show how these subsets/supersets may engage in gradual processes and how they are tied to linear motions and correlative relations. To demonstrate these subsets’ extensive use, I provide examples from pieces written between the 1930s and the 1990s by nine European, North American and Russian composers: Britten, Cabena, Lutosławski, Martinů, Persichetti, Piston, Prokofiev, Schnittke and Shostakovich. I conclude my article by analysing a passage that incorporates all the properties discussed in the article.
Impact of larvae of the Asian tiger mosquitoAedes albopictuson larvae of theCulex pipienscomplex from Germany in laboratory co‐breeding studies
Authors: Rau Janine , Fischer Susanne , Werner Doreen , Kampen Helge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the first detection of the Asian tiger mosquitoAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) eggs in Germany in 2007, several populations of this species have established in Germany. Although colloquiallyAe. albopictusis called an ‘invasive species’, it is not considered ‘invasive’ and therefore to be controlled according to the European Union (EU) Environmental and Nature Protection Act since evidence of displacement of native species is missing. To test the competitive potential ofAe. albopictustowards mosquito species native to Germany, laboratory experiments were conducted with larvae of this species and indigenousCx. pipienscomplex species/biotypes. First instar larvae ofAe. albopictusand of one of the native taxa were exposed to different temperatures and fed with different food sources. The ratio of individuals developing into adults as well as the time the larvae needed for development were taken as a measure of competitive outcome. In addition, the size of emerging adults was compared between control and experimental groups. Regarding developmental time, no significant differences were found between treatments and controls while significant differences were found regarding developmental rate and average wing size of individuals. Because no evidence of competitive repression of the native species was found,Ae. albopictuscannot be included in the EU list of invasive species.