bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antihypertensive medication class and diastolic orthostatic hypertension in older Caribbean adult patients
Authors: Smith Latoya , Gossell‐Williams Maxine , Standard‐Goldson Aileen , Jackson Maria D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the Caribbean there is limited data on orthostatic hypertension (OHT) in elderly hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic disease who are at risk for cardiovascular events. The authors examined the association of antihypertensive classes of drugs with diastolic OHT in patients 60 year and older with hypertension and hyperlipidemia attending public primary care facilities. These relationships were evaluated in a cross‐sectional study of hypertensive hyperlipidemic older patients (n = 400) to determine orthostatic changes in blood pressure based on seated to standing measurements. OHT was defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure of ≥20 mm Hg and/or increase in diastolic blood pressure of ≥10 mm Hg upon orthostasis at 3 min. Patients were categorized based on their orthostatic blood pressure response: orthostatic normotensive (n = 200) and blood pressure dysregulated (n = 200) of which 168 were diastolic OHT. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations of antihypertensive classes and diastolic OHT. Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone‐system (RAAS) blockers were the most commonly prescribed (79.3%), followed by diuretics (DIUs) (61.6%), dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (dCCBs) (53.8%), and beta‐blockers (BBs) (19.3%). Most normotensive (76.0%) and diastolic OHT (75.0%) patients were prescribed two or more antihypertensive medications. Pharmaceutical prescription of triple combination RAAS blockers + dCCBs + DIUs (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.99) or RAAS blockers + dCCBs + BBs (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06–0.92) showed a protective effect of diastolic OHT in analyses adjusted for age, sex, sitting diastolic blood pressure, and comorbidities. Our study suggests prescription of triple combination antihypertensive drugs of RAAS blockers + dCCBs + DIUs or RAAS blockers + dCCBs + BBs may reduce the likelihood of diastolic OHT.
Mechanisms of portal vein tumour thrombus formation and development in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhenli , Zhao Mingda , Qi Xingshun , Tang Yufu , Cheng Shuqun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive human malignancies worldwide. Portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) is considered one of most fearful complications of HCC and is strongly associated with a poor prognosis. Clarification of the mechanisms underlying the formation and development of PVTT is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies for HCC patients. Several studies have been made to uncover that tumour microenvironment, stem cells, abnormal gene expression and non‐coding RNAs deregulation are associated with PVTT in patients with HCC in the last decade. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of PVTT in patients with HCC are still largely unknown. In the present review, we briefly summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and development of PVTT in HCC.
Functional polymorphisms of the TET1 gene increase the risk of neuroblastoma in Chinese children
Authors: Chang Jiaming , Lin Lei , Zhou Chunlei , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Tianyou , Wu Haiyan , Zou Yan , He Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCommon genetic mutations are absent in neuroblastoma, one of the most common childhood tumours. As a demethylase of 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) modification, TET1 plays an important role in tumourigenesis and differentiation. However, the association between TET1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to neuroblastoma has not been reported. Three TET1 gene polymorphisms (rs16925541 A > G, rs3998860 G > A and rs12781492 A > C) in 402 Chinese patients with neuroblastoma and 473 cancer‐free controls were assessed using TaqMan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between TET1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to neuroblastoma. The GTEx database was used to analyse the impact of these polymorphisms on peripheral gene expression. The relationship between gene expression and prognosis was analysed using Kaplan–Meier analysis with the R2 platform. We found that both rs3998860 G > A and rs12781492 A > C were significantly associated with increased neuroblastoma risk. Stratified analysis further showed that rs3998860 G > A and rs12781492 A > C significantly increased neuroblastoma risk in certain subgroups. In the combined risk genotype model, 1–3 risk genotypes significantly increased risk of neuroblastoma compared with the 0 risk genotype. rs3998860 G > A and rs12781492 A > C were significantly associated with increased STOX1 mRNA expression in adrenal and whole blood, and high expression of STOX1 mRNA in adrenal and whole blood was significantly associated with worse prognosis. In summary, TET1 gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased neuroblastoma risk; further research is required for the potential mechanism and therapeutic prospects in neuroblastoma.
All Along the Watch Tower: The European Central Bank and Legitimation Strategies in Times of Crisis
Authors: Christensen Signe Elmer , Nedergaard Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow does the European Central Bank (ECB) legitimise its decisions and monetary policy programmes in the period from 2009 to 2021 in terms of input, throughput and output legitimacy? This article contains an answer to this important question based on a content analysis of speeches made by the presidents of the ECB. Ideally, the institution is founded on its independence and therefore cannot maintain legitimacy through public influence. This article proves that there are clearly most references on output legitimacy in the ECB's legitimation strategy, showing that it highlights its results as an independent institution to compensate for its lack of democratic channels in terms of legitimacy. Generally, in times of crises, there is an increase in frequency of references to legitimacy. During these periods, ECB actors also more frequently refer to throughput legitimacy in speeches, showing that the institution is in fact sensitive to public criticism.
Co‐development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic trait trajectories from childhood to early adulthood
Authors: Shakeshaft Amy , Heron Jon , Blakey Rachel , Riglin Lucy , Davey Smith George , Stergiakouli Evie , Tilling Kate , Thapar Anita 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, defined as traits or disorders, commonly co‐occur. Developmental trajectories of ADHD and autistic traits both show heterogeneity in onset and course, but little is known about how symptom trajectories co‐develop into adulthood.MethodsUsing data from a population cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we examined correlations between ADHD and autistic traits across development, using the Social Communication Disorders Checklist and ADHD subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We modelled joint developmental trajectories of parent‐reported ADHD and autistic traits between 4 and 25 years, then characterised trajectory classes based on sociodemographic, perinatal, psychopathology, cognition and social functioning variables and tested for associations with neurodevelopmental/psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS).ResultsThree classes of trajectories were identified; a typically developing majority with low‐stable ADHD‐autistic traits (87%), a male‐predominant subgroup with child/adolescent‐declining traits (6%) and a subgroup with late‐emerging traits (6%). ADHD‐autistic trait correlations were greatest in young adulthood for the two nontypically developing classes. There were higher rates of emotional and conduct problems, low IQ, childhood seizures and poor social functioning in the declining and late‐emerging classes compared to the low‐stable class. Emotional, conduct and peer problems were more prevalent during childhood in the childhood/adolescent‐declining class compared to other classes, but were more prevalent in young adulthood in the late‐emerging class. Neurodevelopmental/psychiatric PGS also differed: both nontypically developing classes showed elevated ADHD PGS compared to the low‐stable group, and the late‐emerging group additionally showed elevated schizophrenia PGS and decreased executive function PGS, whereas the declining group showed elevated broad depression PGS.ConclusionsDistinct patterns of ADHD‐autism co‐development are present across development in the general population, each with different characterising factors and genetic signatures as indexed by PGS.
P–T–t conditions of Early Palaeozoic low‐P high‐T granulite facies metamorphism in the southern Truong Son Belt, Central Vietnam
Authors: Duc Nam Nguyen , Lo Ching‐Hua , Usuki Tadashi , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Binh Pham 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐grade metamorphic rocks are widely exposed along the SE–NW‐ to E–W‐trending shear zones in the Truong Son Belt, Central Vietnam, but few petrological studies have been conducted in this area. Herein, we report the occurrence of mylonitized granulites that crop out along the Dai Loc shear zone in the southernmost Truong Son Belt. Detailed petrographic analysis, geochemistry and P–T–t estimates of the evolution of two granulite samples are presented to elucidate the formation processes of these high‐grade metamorphic rocks. The results indicate that the rocks underwent two distinct metamorphic cycles. The first cycle (M1) is characterized by coarse‐grained granulite mineral assemblages, defining a tight clockwise P–T path with near‐isobaric heating to a near ultrahigh‐temperature peak at low pressure, followed by cooling. The prograde mineral assemblage (M1a) is indicated by inclusions of cordierite + sillimanite + biotite + quartz + spinel ± plagioclase in coarse‐grained garnet, orthopyroxene and cordierite. The mineral assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + cordierite + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + ilmenite + melt ± biotite (M1b) defines the peak P–T conditions of 5.3–6.3 kbar and 850–920°C. Post‐peak cooling (M1c) is marked by the formation of quartz + biotite symplectites around garnet and orthopyroxene. The second cycle involved medium‐pressure amphibolite facies metamorphism (M2), characterized by domainal development of fine‐grained kyanite‐bearing mineral associations. Petrographic observations indicate that these fine‐grained associations were formed during mylonitization. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the timing of granulite facies metamorphism appears to be coeval with the intrusion of a post‐collisional granitoid at 430–410 Ma. Granulite facies metamorphism and crustal melting were probably driven by asthenospheric mantle upwelling triggered by slab breakoff during the Early Palaeozoic. Considering previous structural and geochronological studies, the second metamorphic event likely occurred during the Triassic Indosinian orogeny.
Crime in the era of COVID‐19: Evidence from England
Authors: Neanidis Kyriakos C. , Rana Maria P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of COVID‐19‐induced lockdowns on recorded crime in England. The enforcement of lockdowns at both the national and local levels allows unveiling the impact on criminal activities by type of shutdown policy. Using official crime data across the universe of local authorities, we find that unlike local lockdowns national lockdowns significantly change the shape of recorded criminal activity, with the first nationally‐imposed lockdown having the strongest impact. Findings also reveal that police operations play a prominent role in explaining changes in reported crimes. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that lockdowns reduced the economic costs of crime by £4.2 billion.
Transforming global health professions education for sustainability
Authors: Naidu Thirusha , Ramani Subha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth professions education (HPE) must keep pace with rapid shifts in learning and societal contexts, control of resources, knowledge and environmental concerns. Sustainability is increasingly seen as complex, balancing the three pillars of economy, society and the environment and addressing the current generation's needs without compromising future generations' needs. We aim to orient three‐pillar sustainability in (HPE) from a decolonial global perspective.Conferences as truth‐regimesFuture‐proofing imperatives compel HPE to respond to sustainability calls in contexts of globalisation and internationalisation. International conferences are sites of power in knowledge production and dissemination because themes and invited speakers determine who experts in the field are and what knowledge is important. Scholarly communities, dominating the discourse, determine the nature of reality or ‘truth’ (ontology), theoretical foundations of that reality and approaches to knowing (epistemology). Using one international conference as a case study, we found few scholarly presentations on sustainability, especially economic disparities. Discourse in HPE is still dominated by Global North ‘experts’.ImplicationsConferences are important discursive spaces for knowledge production and exchange. Increasing attention to social justice and planetary health must include a global perspective on three‐pillar sustainability. Historical and contemporary perspectives about disparities on health should exceed Eurocentric epistemologies alone. These are areas ripe for innovative research in HPE. Promisingly, there is increasing attention to curricula around health equity, disparities and clinical rotations in rural and underserved communities among educational institutions around the world.ConclusionsFuture‐proofing HPE requires addressing three sustainability pillars simultaneously. Conferences as influential knowledge production spaces are mostly characterised by Global North to South flow of knowledge. Global North‐dominated discourse fails to reflect on the impact of historical disparities including colonialism that thwart equivalence. Transforming HPE can occur through a sustainability perspective that advances three‐pillar global approaches for inclusive global legitimacy in HPE narratives and standards.
Claudin‐19 localizes to the thick ascending limb where its expression is required for junctional claudin‐16 localization
Authors: Dimke Henrik , Griveau Camille , Ling Wung‐Man Evelyne , Brideau Gaelle , Cheval Lydie , Muthan Pravina , Müller Dominik , Al‐Shebel Amr , Houillier Pascal , Prot‐Bertoye Caroline 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe kidney is critical for mineral homeostasis. Calcium and magnesium reabsorption in the renal thick ascending limb (TAL) involves claudin‐16 (CLDN16) and claudin‐19 (CLDN19) and pathogenic variants in either gene lead to familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) with severe calcium and magnesium wasting. While both CLDN16 and CLDN19 localize to the TAL, varying expression patterns in the renal tubule have been reported using different antibodies. We, therefore, studied the localization of CLDN19 in the kidneys of wild‐type and Cldn19‐deleted mice using three anti‐CLDN19 antibodies and examined the role of Cldn19 deletion on CLDN16 and CLDN10 localization. We find that CLDN19 localizes to basolateral membrane domains of the medullary and cortical TAL but only to the tight junction of TALs in the outer stripe of outer medulla and cortex, where it colocalizes with CLDN16. Furthermore, in TALs from Cldn19‐deleted mice, CLDN16 is expressed in basolateral membrane domains but not at the tight junction. In contrast, Cldn19 ablation does not change CLDN10 localization. These findings directly implicate CLDN19 in regulating permeability in the TAL by allowing junctional insertion of CLDN16 and may explain the shared renal phenotypic characteristics in FHHNC patients.
THE ACEHÚCHE GOLD TORC: GOLD AND SACRED LAND ON THE SHORES OF THE TAGUS RIVER (CÁCERES, WESTERN SPAIN)
Authors: Martín Bravo Ana María , Sanabria Marcos Primitivo Javier 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis article describes the important discovery of a Late Bronze Age gold torc that was unearthed in a field of Acehúche (Cáceres, Spain). It was buried underneath some rocks at a site near a river crossing over the Tagus river. In its immediate vicinity, archaeological remains dating from the Copper Age to the Late Bronze Age have been found, which indicates the long use of this crossing. Until recently here, there existed a ferry and a chapel; and the place went by the toponym of the Dehesa de San Cristóbal. Legend too has it that the water from the river had curative properties. All of these components have maintained the sacred nature of the spot, otherwise transformed over the course of time, and reflect an earlier sacred landscape with quite ancient roots.
Accessory fimbrial subunits and PPAD are necessary for TLR2 activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Wielento Aleksandra , Bereta Grzegorz P. , Szczęśniak Katarzyna , Jacuła Anna , Terekhova Marina , Artyomov Maxim N. , Hasegawa Yoshiaki , Grabiec Aleksander M. , Potempa Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen that promotes dysbiosis by quenching the bactericidal activity of the host immune system while maintaining chronic inflammation, leading to periodontitis. This involves the secretion of virulence factors such as P. gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD), which converts the C‐terminal Arg residues of bacterial and host‐derived proteins and peptides into citrulline. We have previously shown that PPAD activity and major fimbriae (containing FimA) are necessary for P. gingivalis to activate Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2). TLR2 is an important component of the innate immune system and plays a predominant role in the recognition of P. gingivalis by host cells. Here, we extend those findings to show that P. gingivalis strains deficient for PPAD and fimbriae induced almost identical transcriptional profiles in infected primary human gingival fibroblasts (PHGFs), but these differed substantially from the transcriptome elicited by the wild‐type ATCC 33277 strain. Apparently, PPAD‐modified fimbriae trigger the host cell response to P. gingivalis, as confirmed by showing that the proinflammatory host cell response mediated by TLR2 is dependent on PPAD activity and the presence of fimbriae, with type I fimbriae as the most potent TLR2 activators. We also found that PPAD‐modified accessory fimbrial subunits (FimC, FimD, and FimE) alone or in combination are TLR2 ligands in a reporter cell line. Although FimA polymerization to form the fimbrial shaft was not required for TLR2 activation, the secretion and proteolytic maturation of FimA were necessary for signaling by accessory Fim proteins. This was supported by showing that the proinflammatory activation of PHGFs is dependent on PPAD and accessory fimbrial subunits. We conclude that accessory fimbrial subunits are modified by PPAD and stimulate the response to P. gingivalis infection in a TLR2‐dependent manner.
Parental awareness of the implications of myopia and strategies to control its progression: A survey‐based study
Authors: Ortiz‐Peregrina Sonia , Solano‐Molina Salvador , Martino Francesco , Castro‐Torres José J. , Jiménez José R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeMyopia has emerged as a significant public health concern. Effective methods have now been developed to delay its onset and progression. However, this information may not be reaching parents, and they are key players in terms of implementing the necessary preventive measures. This study investigated parental awareness of myopia, its implications and the strategies available for controlling it.MethodsA self‐administered online survey was distributed to parents of children 6–16 years of age. To be eligible to respond, their child had to be myopic or at risk of developing myopia due to family history.ResultsA total of 330 parents completed the survey, of which 321 were included for analysis. Sixty‐seven percent of respondents had at least one myopic son/daughter, and most were between −1.00 and −1.75 D. Among parents of myopic children, 20.9% thought that their child's myopia progressed moderately. Sixty‐seven percent of parents had a significant level of concern about the progression of the myopia and felt that it was caused mainly by the use of electronic devices and genetics. A generalised linear model showed that parental concern was significantly predicted by the perception of evolution (p < 0.001) and the number of known health‐related consequences (p < 0.001). Almost 40% of parents were unaware of the existence of myopia control strategies. Relatives and eye care practitioners are the main sources of information. The most well‐known myopia control strategy was myopia control soft contact lenses (29.2%), although the option that most parents would opt for was spectacles with peripheral defocus lenses (47.1%). The selection of a contact‐lens‐based myopia control method correlated significantly with the age of the children (p < 0.001).ConclusionsSociety in general and parents in particular need more information about myopia, its consequences and the options available for its control. Eye care practitioners play an important role in this issue.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Screw Loosening after Iliosacral Screw Fixation for Posterior Pelvic Ring Injury
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Jianan , Pei Xuan , Liu Peizhao , Wang Guodong , Jiang Xiang , Liu Ximing 
Published: June 2023

PurposesScrew loosening is a common complication of iliosacral screw fixation, with subsequent loss of stability and fracture re‐displacement. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for screw loosening after iliosacral screw fixation for posterior pelvic ring injury.MethodsA total of 135 patients with posterior pelvic ring injuries who were treated with iliosacral screw fixation in our department between July 2015 and April 2021 were selected for this retrospective analysis. The possible risk factors for screw loosening were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of patient demographics and trauma‐related and iatrogenic variables, including age, sex, body mass index, Osteoporosis Self‐Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) index, mechanism of injury, Young–Burgess classification, site of injury, type of injury, type of screw, mode of fixation, numbers of guidewire adjustments, accuracy of screw position, and quality of fracture reduction.ResultsThe incidence of screw loosening was 15.6% (n = 21). The mean duration for screw loosening was 3.2 ± 1.5 months after operation. Univariate analysis results showed that the Young–Burgess classification, type of injury, site of injury, type of screw, mode of fixation, and OSTA index might be related to screw loosening (p < 0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression, vertical shear injuries (Odds ratios [OR] 9.80, 95% Confidence intervals [CI] [1.96–73.28], p = 0.008), type of injury (OR 0.25, 95% CI [0.13–0.79], p = 0.027), common screws (OR 6.94, 95% CI [1.53–31.40], p = 0.012), screws insertion only at the level of the first sacral segment (S1) (OR 8.79, 95% CI [1.18–65.46], p = 0.034), injury site located in the medial sacral foramina (OR 6.28, 95% CI [1.16–34.06], p = 0.033), and lower OSTA index [OR 0.41, 95% CI [0.24–0.71], p = 0.001] were significantly related to screw loosening.ConclusionsVertical shear injuries, sacral fractures, injury site located in the medial sacral foramina, and lower OSTA index are significantly associated with the postoperative occurrence of screw loosening. Transiliac–transsacral screw fixation and screws insertion both at the level of the S1 and second sacral segment can prevent screw loosening.