bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral frailty five‐item checklist to predict adverse health outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults: A Kashiwa cohort study
Authors: Tanaka Tomoki , Hirano Hirohiko , Ikebe Kazunori , Ueda Takayuki , Iwasaki Masanori , Shirobe Maki , Minakuchi Shunsuke , Akishita Masahiro , Arai Hidenori , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: July 2023

AimTo enable easy assessment of oral frailty; that is, an overlapping slight decline in multifaceted oral function, in any setting, we developed the oral frailty five‐item checklist (OF‐5), and examined its predictive validity for increased risks of physical frailty, physical disability and mortality among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis population‐based cohort study randomly selected 2044 residents in Kashiwa, Japan, with no long‐term care needs. Baseline data were collected in 2012, and follow‐up data were collected in 2013, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2021. The OF‐5 includes five measures: fewer teeth, difficulty in chewing, difficulty in swallowing, dry mouth and low articulatory oral motor skills. Physical frailty was defined according to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Physical disability and mortality determined from the long‐term care insurance receipt database were followed for 9 years.ResultsOf 2031 eligible participants (mean age 73.1 ± 5.6 years; 51.1% women), 39.3% individuals with ≥2 OF‐5 points had significantly increased prevalence and new‐onset rate of physical frailty. After adjusting for potential confounders, oral frailty, defined as ≥2 OF‐5 points, was associated with increased risks of physical disability (adjusted hazard ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.72) and mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.44; 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.87). The highest adjusted hazard ratios were observed in older adults with coexisting physical and oral frailty.ConclusionsThe OF‐5 showed strong predictive validity for physical frailty, physical disability and mortality in Japanese older adults. This assessment tool can be implemented in various settings and foster comprehensive prevention through interprofessional collaboration. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 651–659.
Factors influencing normal blood pressure maintenance in young adults
Authors: Li Man , Zhao Lei , Zhang Li , Li Peng , Zhang Xiaoling , Wang Chong , Li Xinyuan , Wu Shouling , Sun Lixia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite an alarming increase in the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese young adults, longitudinal studies investigating factors that affect the maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP) in this population are lacking. Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap. A total of 7100 participants from the Kailuan Study who had normal BP and were aged <30 years at their first physical examination between 2006 and 2016 were included in this study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the associations between influencing factors and the maintenance of normal BP in young adults. Analyses were stratified by sex. During the follow‐up period (mean, 7.98 years), 1921 participants (27.06%) maintained normal BP. Higher education levels (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00–1.22), low salt intake (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04–1.51), being underweight (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02–1.31), and having normal weight (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01–1.39), normal blood glucose (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46), and no family history of hypertension (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41–1.92) at baseline were found to be associated with maintaining normal BP. Compared with female smokers, female non‐smokers had 1.68 times higher odds of maintaining normal BP. This study identified factors that influence the maintenance of normal BP in the young population in China. This information can assist clinicians in establishing comprehensive and effective primary prevention measures for hypertension.
PRMT5activatesKLF5by methylation to facilitate lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Hai , Chang Jing , Zhang Jingjian , Zheng Hongzhen , Miao Xiang , Mo Huimin , Sun Jie , Jia Qin , Qi Guangsheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe highly expressed oncogenic factor Krüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) promotes various cancerous processes, such as cell growth, survival, anti‐apoptosis, migration and metastasis, particularly in lung cancer. Nevertheless, the modifications to KLF5 after translation are poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is considered as an oncogene known to be involved in different types of carcinomas, including lung cancer. Here, we show that the expression levels of PRMT5 and KLF5 are highly expressed lung cancer. Moreover, PRMT5 interacts with KLF5 and facilitates the dimethylation of KLF5 at Arginine 41 in a manner that depends on methyltransferase activity. Downregulation or pharmaceutical suppression of PRMT5 reduces the expression of KLF5 and its downstream targets both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the dimethylation of KLF5 by PRMT5 promotes the maintenance and proliferation of lung cancer cells at least partially by stabilising KLF5 via regulation of the Akt/GSK3β signalling axis. In summary, PRMT5 methylates KLF5 to prevent its degradation, thereby promoting the maintenance and proliferation of lung cancer cells. These results suggest that targeting PRMT5/KLF5 axis may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
A case of ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic variant of BRCA2 involving a perforated appendix with an abscess
Authors: Saito Ayaka , Yamashita Eiko , Sakurai Urara , Hirasawa Akira , Tanioka Maki , Tamura Kazuya , Umezawa Satoshi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report a case of rare and aggressive ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic BRCA2 variant. A patient with a history of breast cancer who developed an inflammatory ovarian tumor with peritonitis carcinomatosis involving the appendix suffered from cachexia. Following three cycles of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, emergency surgery was required owing to sepsis. Bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, total hysterectomy, appendectomy, and small intestine adhesiolysis were performed. Histologically, the tumor comprised an admixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, with involvement of the appendix, which had caused perforation and abscess formation. The final diagnosis was ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic BRCA2 variant, c.658_659del (p.Val220fs). The patient responded completely to adjuvant chemotherapy. A combination of chemotherapy and surgery might be beneficial to patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma and germline pathogenic BRCA2 variants with a poor general condition. This is the first report of ovarian carcinosarcoma with a germline pathogenic BRCA2 variant that responded favorably to chemotherapy.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel homozygous missense mutation of LHCGR gene in primary infertile women with empty follicle syndrome
Authors: Xu Yang , Wang Enhua , Liu Tianfeng , Wang Surong , Wu Fengxia , Zhao Xiangyu , Wang Ancong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe genetic basis of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) is largely unknown, and the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic causes of EFS in primary infertile women.MethodsFour affected women diagnosed with anovulation were recruited, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was requested for the genetic diagnosis of the cases. One hundred healthy controls were verified by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA novel homozygous variant of the LHCGR gene (NM_000233:c.1847C>A) was revealed in one affected individual by WES. Trios analysis of the mutation revealed an autosomal recessive pattern. This LHCGR variant was absent in 100 healthy controls and predicted to be highly damaging to the function of LHCGR.ConclusionsThe novel variant extends the mutational spectrum of the LHCGR gene associated with female sterility, which promotes the prognostic value of testing for LHCGR mutations in infertile women with EFS.
Development of a multiplex RT‐RPA assay for simultaneous detection of three viruses in cucurbits
Authors: Jailani A. Abdul Kader , Paret Mathews L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBegomoviruses and criniviruses, vectored by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), are important threats to crops worldwide. In recent years, the spread of cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV), cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) on cucurbit crops has been reported to cause devastating crop losses in many regions of the world. In this study, a multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay, an isothermal technique for rapid and simultaneous detection of DNA and RNA viruses CuLCrV, CYSDV and CCYV was developed. Highly specific and sensitive multiplex RPA primers for the coat protein region of these viruses were created and evaluated. The sensitivity of the multiplex RPA assay was examined using serially diluted plasmid containing the target regions. The results demonstrated that multiplex RPA primers have high sensitivity with a detection limit of a single copy of the viruses. The multiplex RPA primers were specific to the target as indicated by testing against other begomoviruses, potyviruses and an ilarvirus, and no nonspecific amplifications were noted. The primers simultaneously detected mixed infection of CCYV, CYSDV and CuLCrV in watermelon and squash crude extracts. This study is the first report of a multiplex RPA assay for simultaneous detection of mixed infection of DNA and RNA plant viruses.
Insights into the pathological basis of dementia from population‐based neuropathology studies
Authors: Wharton Stephen B. , Simpson Julie E. , Ince Paul G. , Richardson Connor D. , Merrick Richard , Matthews Fiona E. , Brayne Carol ,   CFAS
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe epidemiological neuropathology perspective of population and community‐based studies allows unbiased assessment of the prevalence of various pathologies and their relationships to late‐life dementia. In addition, this approach provides complementary insights to conventional case–control studies, which tend to be more representative of a younger clinical cohort. The Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS) is a longitudinal study of cognitive impairment and frailty in the general United Kingdom population. In this review, we provide an overview of the major findings from CFAS, alongside other studies, which have demonstrated a high prevalence of pathology in the ageing brain, particularly Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change and vascular pathology. Increasing burdens of these pathologies are the major correlates of dementia, especially neurofibrillary tangles, but there is substantial overlap in pathology between those with and without dementia, particularly at intermediate burdens of pathology and also at the oldest ages. Furthermore, additional pathologies such as limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy, ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy and primary age‐related tauopathies contribute to late‐life dementia. Findings from ageing population‐representative studies have implications for the understanding of dementia pathology in the community. The high prevalence of pathology and variable relationship to dementia status has implications for disease definition and indicate a role for modulating factors on cognitive outcome. The complexity of late‐life dementia, with mixed pathologies, indicates a need for a better understanding of these processes across the life‐course to direct the best research for reducing risk in later life of avoidable clinical dementia syndromes.
Feminine leadership and juvenile justice outcomes: The Florida experience
Authors: Jackson William T. , Neshkova Milena I. , Newman Meredith A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we ask whether female top law enforcement officials can steer justice provision on the ground. While prior research has documented that female street‐level bureaucrats advance the interests of their female clients, we know little about how female leaders influence the distribution of street‐level outcomes. This study draws on juvenile justice and inquires whether youth arrests and prosecutions vary as a function of the sheriff's and state attorney's sex. We expect counties and circuits led by female sheriffs and state attorneys to experience fewer youth arrests and prosecutions than those led by men, especially among female and minority offenders. Data from Florida's 67 counties between 2015 and 2020 reveal that women's leadership is associated with less severe outcomes for all young offenders, not just females. We also find that gender and feminine leadership theories hold more explanatory power in this context than representative bureaucracy and gendered organizational socialization.
Whither ethics in research? Randomized controlled trials at the nexus of technocratization and Eurocentrism
Authors: Chamola Bikalp 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as a methodological approach has become ubiquitous across disciplines, particularly in development economics. Building on the existing scholarship critiquing the widespread deployment of RCTs, this paper argues that the lack of a nuanced engagement with the concept of objectivity creates fertile grounds for the technocratization of social science research. The technocratic discourse that shapes the use of RCTs makes them susceptible to two potential dangers: perpetuating politics of partner organizations and Eurocentrism. To illustrate these issues, this paper utilizes a recently published RCT titled ‘Randomizing Religion’ as a case study. Two important conclusions are drawn by analyzing the case. First, a lack of engagement with the worldviews and assumptions from which causal mechanisms are drawn leads to a normative imposition of a Eurocentric social reality onto the marginalized communities in the Global South. Second, participation in the activities of a partner organization during the conduct of the RCT requires researchers to reflect on the organization's politics and its ramifications for marginalized communities. Finally, this paper contributes to an ongoing conversation about including strong reflexivity in the conduct of research in economics.
Repair of femoral fractures in calves via external skeletal fixator with intramedullary pin tie‐in
Authors: Hilliard Rachel L. , Livesey Michael A. , De Gasperi Diego 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the success rate and associated complications of external skeletal fixator/intramedullary pin tie‐in for calf femoral fracture fixation.Study DesignClinical retrospective.AnimalsTen calves, less than 30 days old, with diaphyseal/metaphyseal femoral fractures.MethodsMedical records were reviewed from the University of Wisconsin from 2000 to 2020. Fractures were repaired using open reduction and fixation. An intramedullary Steinman pin was placed, exiting near the greater trochanter, and utilized for fracture reduction. Bicortical transfixation pins were placed distal and proximal to the fracture site. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐filled tubing connected the transfixation pins and proximal intramedullary pin, creating a Type 1a external skeletal fixator (ESF) tie‐in. Follow up was obtained via medical records and phone interviews.ResultsShort‐term survival rate was 7/10 (70%). Postanesthetic death occurred once. Postoperative complications occurred in all remaining cases. The most common findings were transfixation pin tract lucency and lameness (6/9 cases), implant dysfunction (5/9 cases), and infection (4/9 cases). Three of five cases with long‐term follow up survived; all went on to productive careers.ConclusionAlthough patients were prone to postoperative complications, short‐term survival was comparable to previous reports.Clinical SignificanceThe external skeletal fixator/intramedullary (ESF/IM) pin tie‐in is less expensive and offers comparable success rates to other methods, providing a lower cost option for calf femoral fracture repair.
Control of Heracleum mantegazzianum with pyrolysis liquid products
Authors: Hyvönen Terho T. , Hagner Marleena M. , Hurme Timo K. , Lindqvist Bengt E. , Ojanen Hannu J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHeracleum mantegazzianum is an invasive environmental weed that is widely distributed in Europe and whose distribution is continually expanding. Novel management methods are required to address its impacts and spread. We studied the use of pyrolysis liquids (PL) as a component of biodegradable mulch and as biobased herbicide to control H. mantegazzianum. A five‐year field experiment was conducted to compare pyrolysis liquid peat mulch (PLM) with plastic PE–mulch, biobased Ökolys® mulch and glyphosate. Application of PL biobased herbicide after stem cutting was studied in a one‐year field experiment. We established that PLM does not control the growth or reproduction of mature H. mantegazzianum effectively in contrast with the other mulching materials and glyphosate. The coverage of H. mantegazzianum differed only in 1 year between application of PLMs and the control. The number of flower stems increased in PLM treatments and in the control, indicating that PLM failed to control reproduction and spread of H. mantegazzianum. PL treatment of cut H. mantegazzianum stems was more effective than application of acetic acid alone. The results suggest that biobased control methods do not provide as effective control of H. mantegazzianum as widely used current methods (plastic mulches and glyphosate). If biobased methods are to be more widely used for controlling H. mantegazzianum, lower control efficacy must be accepted, and they should be used in an integrated approach with other methods.
Acoustic Levitation-Assisted Contactless Printing of Microdroplets for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tang Tengteng , Joralmon Dylan , Anyigbo Tochukwu , Li Xiangjia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The cell is a microcapsule system wherein biological materials are encapsulated by a thin membrane, which provides valuable information on the metabolism, morphology, development, and signal transduction pathways of the studied cell. The cell-inspired microdroplet has the characteristics of efficient nanoscale substance transportation, self-organization, and morphological adaptation. However, it is extremely difficult to manufacture such systems. Mostly vesicles such as liposomes, polymersomes, and microcapsules are first produced by a high-pressure homogenizer and microfluidizer as an emulsion and then encapsulated microcapsules by the drop or emulsion method. Currently, acoustic levitation opens entirely new possibilities for creating bioinspired microdroplets because of its ability to suspend tiny droplets in an antigravity and noncontact manner. Herein, we propose contactless printing of single-core or multi-core cell-inspired microdroplets via acoustic levitation. First, the oscillation mode and microscopic morphology of the droplets under different ultrasonic vibration frequencies are shown by simulation, and the curing characteristics of the shell structure under different ultraviolet illumination conditions are quantitatively measured. The feasibility of manufacturing multi-core microdroplets and manufacturing submillimeter-scale particles based on oil trapping is extensively studied. To explore the morphological adaptability of microdroplets, ferromagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are used to give magnetic-responsive properties to cells, and the microscopic deformation and motion in microfluidic channels under the magnetic field are characterized. Finally, the proposed printing method proves the versatility of in-space contactless printing of complex 3D beam structures and provides a powerful platform for developing biomedical devices and microrobots and studying morphogenesis and synthetic biological systems.
A Pointwise-Optimal Ensemble of Surrogate Models
Authors: Liang Pengwei , Zhang Shuai , Pang Yong , Li Jianji , Song Xueguan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ensemble of surrogate models is commonly used to replace computationally expensive simulations due to their superior prediction accuracy and robustness compared to individual models. This paper proposes a new pointwise ensemble of surrogate models, namely, a pointwise-optimal ensemble of surrogate models (POEMs). To address the limitations of the cross-validation (CV) error in evaluating the performance of regression surrogate models, this paper introduces the compensated cross-validation error, which is more reliable in selecting better individual surrogate models and improving the accuracy of surrogate model ensembles. To overcome the limitations of CV error in calculating pointwise weight factors, this paper designs and solves an optimization problem at training points to obtain corresponding pointwise weight factors. Additionally, this paper proposes two weight calculation methods to be applied in the interpolation and extrapolation regions, respectively, to reduce the instability of ensembles caused by extrapolation. Thirty test functions are employed to investigate the appropriate hyperparameters of POEM and the Friedman test is used to verify the rationality of the α value. The thirty test functions are also used to examine the performance of POEM and compare it with state-of-the-art ensemble surrogate models. Furthermore, POEM is applied to a large-aperture mirror holder optimization case to verify its superiority. The results demonstrate that POEM presents better accuracy and robustness than individual surrogates and other compared ensembles of surrogate models.
Single-Actuated Camshaft Robot With Multiple Sequential Motions
Authors: Yan Peng , Huang Hailin , Wang Sen , Li Bing , Zhang Zhifeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pipeline inspection in unknown environments is challenging for robots, and various in-pipe crawling robots have been developed in recent years to perform pipeline inspection. Most of these robots comprise multiple parts and require multiple actuators to realize the pipeline locomotion, resulting in complicated system composition and large energy consumption. In this paper, inspired by the crawling principles of earthworm locomotion, we propose a single-actuated camshaft robot that can realize multiple sequential motions for pipeline crawling. The proposed single-actuated camshaft robot contains one actuator and three parts: head anchoring, body elongation, and rear anchoring part. The multiple sequential motions of these three parts are realized based on the cam mechanisms. Umbrella-shaped elastic rubbers are circumferentially around the head and rear anchoring parts. Each part contains a cam bracket. The camshaft’s rotatory motion pushes the cam brackets to generate the axial translational motion, resulting in the umbrella-shaped elastic rubbers being expanded or contracted. The proposed camshaft robot’s expansion and contraction motion are sequentially realized by the phase deviation of the camshafts. First, the structures of the proposed robot are designed. Then, the cam curves are modeled, the expansion/contraction ratio of the rear/head anchoring part is calculated, the phase deviation of the camshafts is determined, and multiple sequential motions of the proposed robot are simulated. Finally, we fabricate the proposed camshaft robot and carry out crawling experiments in pipelines with different shapes and diameters.
Whole-genome sequence of an
Aspergillus parasiticus
strain isolated from Kenyan soil
Authors: Schamann Alexandra , Geisen Rolf , Schmidt-Heydt Markus 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus parasiticus
is an important aflatoxigenic fungus, frequently found in soil samples. Here, we report the sequencing of
A. parasiticus
strain MRI410 using Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore platforms. This strain was isolated from soil of a Kenyan maize field.