bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of low muscle mass and strength on chemotherapy toxicity in women with early breast cancer.
Authors: Kurniawan Andree , Hatma Ratna Djuwita , Adisasmita Asri , Panigoro Sonar Soni , Sutandyo Noorwati , Witjaksono Fiastuti , Tamin Tirza Z , Sumantri Rachmat , Rivami Dwi Savitri 
Published: August 2023

9 Background: Systemic anticancer therapy is indicated in particular patients with early breast cancer (EBC) before or after surgery to eradicate micrometastatic spread and reducing the risk of recurrence. Muscle mass and strength were related to chemotherapy toxicity in cachexia patients. However, there is limited data about the impact of low muscle mass and strength in normal or obese breast cancer patients on chemotherapy toxicity. Methods: A prospective cohort study of women with EBC in whom adjuvant or neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was planned. The subjects were evaluated the muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength using JAMAR hand grips strength, and body mass Index (BMI). The validated cut off of low muscle mass and strength were derived from Indonesian healthy population aged 20-40 years old. The outcome is to know chemotherapy toxicity in the first 3 cycles of chemotherapy, evaluated using National cancer Institute (NCI) common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5.0. The performance status, comorbidity, menopause status, chemotherapy regiment, diet intake, and physical activity were also evaluated to adjust the relationship using logistic regression multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 72 EBC patients were who come to secondary referral cancer center were included. Median of age was 47(25- 59) year old. Most subjects were in normal weight criteria, 26(36.1%) were in obese criteria. The mean of BMI, muscle mass, and muscle strength were 23.73+4.02, 5.61+1.23, 15,32+6.16, respectively. Low muscle mass and strength were observed in 34(55.7%) and 24(39.3%), respectively. Low muscle mass was only associated with chemotherapy toxicity after 3rd cycles of chemotherapy with relative risk (RR) 2.667(1.235-5.757). Low muscle strength was only associated with chemotherapy toxicity after 3rd cycles of chemotherapy with RR 4.206(1.168-15.143). After adjusted with performance status, comorbidity, menopause status, chemotherapy regiment, diet intake, and physical activity, low muscle mass and strength were associated with chemotherapy toxicity after 3rd cycles of chemotherapy with odds ratio 11(1.730-69.956) and 14.625(2.191-97.612), respectively. Conclusions: Low muscle mass and strength were associated with chemotherapy toxicity after three cycles of chemotherapy in women with EBC.
Patterns of failure in nasopharyngeal cancer patients of northeastern region of India.
Authors: Sharma Prashasti , Bhattacharyya Mouchumee , Medhi Partha Pratim , Nath Jyotiman , Roy Partha Sarathi , Kalita Apurba Kumar , Yanthan Yanpothung , Das Abhinandan , Das Tapashi 
Published: August 2023

94 Background: We aimed to analyze patterns of failure and relationship between disease volume and treatment outcomes in patients of Nasopharyngeal cancer receiving chemoradiation at tertiary cancer centre in northeast region of India. Methods: From February 2018 to February 2022, 99 histopathologically proven non metastatic NPC patients treated with IMRT and chemotherapy were analysed retrospectively. Locally advanced patients received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. Locoregional failures were classified as in-field or out-of-field in relation to the CT data sets used for pretreatment planning. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the impact of various prognostic factors on locoregional free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meir curves were used to compare outcome variables based on classified tumour volume as determined by ROC analysis. Results: During a median follow up of 25.4 months (17.3-39.2), 35 (35.4%) patients developed recurrence. Twenty-nine patients developed locoregional failures, of which 11 were in-field; 12 patient showed an out-field failure. The 3-year LRFS, DMFS, PFS and OS was 71.10%, 70.90%, 64.10 and 74.10 % respectively. There was statistically significant difference in locoregional failure-free survival according to T staging (p<0.0001). Cox regression analysis revealed that gross tumor volume(GTVp) and gross nodal volume(GTVn) were an independent prognostic factor for OS, PFS, LRFS and DMFS. The cut-off volumes for GTVp and GTVn for distant metastases and locoregional failure, respectively, were found to be 13 and 22.7 mL and 3.7 and 39.2 mL, respectively, by ROC curve analysis. Based on this, 99 patients were divided into three subgroups. OS demonstrated significant differences among patients in different volume subgroups for GTVp (p=0.03) and GTVn (p=0.00024) and were superior to T classification for predicting prognosis of NPC patients. Conclusions: Distant failure is most common pattern of failure. With advanced T-stage NPC, locoregional failure is more common. GTVp and GTVn are an independent prognostic factor in local control, distant metastasis, disease-free survival, and overall survival in NPC. This justifies their use as quantitative prognostic indicator for NPC.
Retrospective Cohort Study on the Limitations of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Screening in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Desai Neelam V. , Barrows Elizabeth D. , Nielsen Sarah M. , Hatchell Kathryn E. , Anderson Michael J. , Haverfield Eden V. , Herrera Blanca , Esplin Edward D. , Lucassen Anneke , Tung Nadine M. , Isaacs Claudine 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE Among cancer predisposition genes, most direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests evaluate three Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) founder mutations in BRCA1/2, which represent a small proportion of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PLPV) in cancer predisposing genes. In this study, we investigate PLPV in BRCA1/2 and other cancer predisposition genes that are missed by testing only AJ founder BRCA1/2 mutations. METHODS Individuals were referred to genetic testing for personal diagnoses of breast and/or ovarian cancer (clinical cohort) or were self-referred (nonindication-based cohort). There were 348,692 participants in the clinical cohort and 7,636 participants in the nonindication-based cohort. Both cohorts were analyzed for BRCA1/2 AJ founder mutations. Full sequence analysis was done for PLPV in BRCA1/2, CDH1, PALB2, PTEN, STK11, TP53, ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, CHEK2 (truncating variants), EPCAM, MLH1, MSH2/6, NF1, PMS2, RAD51C/D, and 22 other genes. RESULTS BRCA1/2 AJ founder mutations accounted for 10.8% and 29.7% of BRCA1/2 PLPV in the clinical and nonindication-based cohorts, respectively. AJ founder mutations accounted for 89.9% of BRCA1/2 PLPV in those of full AJ descent, but only 69.6% of those of partial AJ descent. In total, 0.5% of all individuals had a BRCA1/2 AJ founder variant, while 7.7% had PLPV in a high-risk breast/ovarian cancer gene. For non-AJ individuals, limiting evaluation to the AJ founder BRCA1/2 mutations missed >90% of mutations in actionable cancer risk genes. Secondary analysis revealed a false-positive rate of 69% for PLPV outside of non-AJ BRCA 1/2 founder mutations. CONCLUSION DTC genetic testing misses >90% of BRCA1/2 PLPV in individuals of non-AJ ancestry and about 10% of BRCA1/2 PLPV among AJ individuals. There is a high false-positivity rate for non-AJ BRCA 1/2 PLPV with DTC genetic testing.
D898_E901 RET Deletion Is Oncogenic, Responds to Selpercatinib, and Treatment Resistance Can Arise Via RET-Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Porcelli Tommaso , Moccia Marialuisa , De Stefano Maria Angela , Ambrosio Raffaele , Capoluongo Ettore , Santoro Massimo , Hadoux Julien , Schlumberger Martin , Carlomagno Francesca , Salvatore Domenico 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE We analyzed the oncogenic potential of RET Δ898-901 mutant and its response to selpercatinib, vandetanib, and cabozantinib in vitro and in a clinical case. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 35-year-old man with a medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) harboring a somatic D898_E901 RET deletion was sequentially treated with vandetanib, selpercatinib, cabozantinib, and fluorouracil (5-FU)-dacarbazine. Functional study of RET Δ898-901 mutant was performed in HEK-293T, NIH-3T3, and Ba/F3 cells. RET C634R and wild-type cells served as positive and negative controls, respectively. RESULTS The patient showed primary resistance to vandetanib and secondary resistance to selpercatinib after 12 months. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing of a progressing lesion during selpercatinib showed no additional RET mutation but an acquired complete genetic loss of CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP genes. Subsequent treatment with cabozantinib and 5-FU-dacarbazine had poor efficacy. In vitro, RET Δ898-901 showed higher ligand-independent RET autophosphorylation compared with RET C634R and similar proliferation rates in cell models. Subcutaneous injection of Δ898-901 NIH 3T3 cells in nude mice produced tumors of around 500 mm3 in 2 weeks, similarly to RET C634R cells. Selpercatinib inhibited cell growth of Ba/F3 RET Δ898-901 and RET C634R with a similar half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 3 nM. Vandetanib was five-fold less effective at inhibiting cell growth promoted by RET Δ898-901 mutant (IC50, 564 nM) compared with RET C634R one (IC50, 91 nM). Cabozantinib efficiently inhibited Ba/F3 RET C634 proliferation (IC50, 25.9 nM), but was scarcely active in Ba/F3 RET 898-901 (IC50 > 1,350 nM). CONCLUSION D898_E901 RET deletion is a gain-of-function mutation and responds to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in MTC. RET Δ898-901 mutant is sensitive to selpercatinib and vandetanib, and acquired resistance to selpercatinib may develop via RET-independent mechanisms.
Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum bleeding in women with anaemia: Statistical analysis plan for the WOMAN-2 trial: an international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Collier Tim , Shakur-Still Haleema , Roberts Ian , Balogun Eni , Olayemi Oladapo , Bello Folasade Adenike , Chaudhri Rizwana , Muganyizi Projestine ,   WOMAN-2 Trial Collaborators
Published: August 2023

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for over 50,000 maternal deaths every year. Most of these deaths are in low- and middle-income countries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding by inhibiting the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin blood clots. TXA decreases surgical bleeding and reduces deaths from bleeding after traumatic injury. When given within three hours of birth, TXA reduces deaths from bleeding in women with PPH. However, for many women, treatment of PPH is too late to prevent death. World-wide, over one-third of pregnant women are anaemic and many are severely anaemic. These women have an increased risk of PPH and are more likely to die if PPH occurs. There is an urgent need to identify ways to prevent severe postpartum bleeding in anaemic women. The WOMAN-2 trial will quantify the effects of TXA on postpartum bleeding in women with anaemia. Results: This statistical analysis plan (version 1.0; dated 22 February 2023) has been written based on information in the WOMAN-2 Trial protocol version 2.0, dated 30 June 2022. The primary outcome of the WOMAN-2 trial is the proportion of women with a clinical diagnosis of primary PPH. Secondary outcomes are maternal blood loss and its consequences (estimated blood loss, haemoglobin, haemodynamic instability, blood transfusion, signs of shock, use of interventions to control bleeding); maternal health and wellbeing (fatigue, headache, dizziness, palpitations, breathlessness, exercise tolerance, ability to care for her baby, health related quality of life, breastfeeding); and other health outcomes (deaths, vascular occlusive events, organ dysfunction, sepsis, side effects, time spent in higher level facility, length of hospital stay, and status of the baby). Conclusions: WOMAN-2 will provide reliable evidence about the effects of TXA in women with anaemia. Registration: WOMAN-2 was prospectively registered at the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials registry (ISRCTN62396133) on 07/12/2017 and ClinicalTrials.gov on 23/03/2018 (NCT03475342).
Rapid progression of heart failure secondary to radioactive iodine treatment of hyperthyroidism: A case report
Authors: Li Zi-Han , Ni Lu-Jia , Liu Yuan-Qiao , Si Dao-Yuan 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
The deterioration of thyroid health is involved in the progression of heart failure (HF). This is usually a lengthy process, so there are almost no reports on its rapid development. Here we report a case of a young male who rapidly developed hypothyroid cardiomyopathy secondary to radioactive iodine treatment, suggesting that severe HF might occur even after a short period of hypothyroidism.
CASE SUMMARY
A 26-year-old man was referred to our hospital for HF presenting with dyspnea on exertion and chest discomfort lasting for 1 mo. He received radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism 1 year ago and had an almost normal echocardiogram 6 mo ago. Admission echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) revealed left ventricle (LV) global hypokinesia and severely depressed systolic function. In addition, late gadolinium enhancement indicated no obvious changes in the myocardium. Thyroid function tests showed decreased serum levels of thyroid hormone (TH) and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone. Based on an exclusionary examination, the patient was diagnosed with hypothyroid cardiomyopathy and was started on replacement therapy. His HF symptoms were completely relieved during the six-month follow-up, and echocardiogram and CMR revealed recovered LV size and ejection fraction.
CONCLUSION
This report demonstrates that severe fluctuations in TH levels may lead to acute HF, which can completely recover with timely thyroid hormone replacement. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of routinely detecting cardiac function in patients treated with radioactive iodine.
Better data for decision-making through Bayesian imputation of suppressed provisional COVID-19 death counts
Authors: Kao Szu-Yu Zoe , Tutwiler M. Shane , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Truman Benedict I. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To facilitate use of timely, granular, and publicly available data on COVID-19 mortality, we provide a method for imputing suppressed COVID-19 death counts in the National Center for Health Statistic’s 2020 provisional mortality data by quarter, county, and age.

Methods
We used a Bayesian approach to impute suppressed COVID-19 death counts by quarter, county, and age in provisional data for 3,138 US counties. Our model accounts for multilevel data structures; numerous zero death counts among persons aged <50 years, rural counties, early quarters in 2020; highly right-skewed distributions; and different levels of data granularity (county, state or locality, and national levels). We compared three models with different prior assumptions of suppressed COVID-19 deaths, including noninformative priors (M1), the same weakly informative priors for all age groups (M2), and weakly informative priors that differ by age (M3) to impute the suppressed death counts. After the imputed suppressed counts were available, we assessed three prior assumptions at the national, state/locality, and county level, respectively. Finally, we compared US counties by two types of COVID-19 death rates, crude (CDR) and age-standardized death rates (ASDR), which can be estimated only through imputing suppressed death counts.

Results
Without imputation, the total COVID-19 death counts estimated from the raw data underestimated the reported national COVID-19 deaths by 18.60%. Using imputed data, we overestimated the national COVID-19 deaths by 3.57% (95% CI: 3.37%-3.80%) in model M1, 2.23% (95% CI: 2.04%-2.43%) in model M2, and 2.96% (95% CI: 2.76%-3.16%) in model M3 compared with the national report. The top 20 counties that were most affected by COVID-19 mortality were different between CDR and ASDR.

Conclusions
Bayesian imputation of suppressed county-level, age-specific COVID-19 deaths in US provisional data can improve county ASDR estimates and aid public health officials in identifying disparities in deaths from COVID-19.
Environmental determinants and risk behaviour in the case of indigenous malaria in Muara Enim Regency, Indonesia: A case-control design
Authors: Hasyim Hamzah , Ihram Muhammad Aandi , Fakhriyatiningrum  , Misnaniarti  , Idris Haerawati , Liberty Iche Andriyani , Flora Rostika , Zulkifli Hilda , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Maharani Fadhilah Eka , Syafrudin Din , Dale Patricia 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Malaria is a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Muara Enim Regency is one of the districts in South Sumatra with the most important number of indigenous malaria cases in the last three years (2018–2020). Therefore, this study aimed to identify determinants of indigenous malaria in the Muara Enim Regency.

Methods
This study was designed as a case-control study. A stratified random sample in 2018, 2019, and 2020 was used at the Primary Health Centres (PHCs) areas of Tanjung Enim and Tanjung Agung. The sample included 49 cases and 49 controls. Indigenous malaria determinants were discovered using both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Result
The multivariable logistic regression model results show that mosquito repellent reduces malaria risk by 71% (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.11–0.64). Besides, the presence of wire mesh on ventilation reduces the risk of malaria by 76% (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.57), and the distance from mosquito breeding sites near hundred meters and fewer increases the risk of malaria by 3.88 fold (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI: 1.67–8.97).

Conclusions
Multivariable analysis revealed distance from mosquito breeding sites as a risk factor for malaria. Besides, the study shows that using insect repellent, wire netting in ventilation, eliminating mosquito breeding sites, mosquito repellent or protective clothing, and improving house conditions were protective factors for indigenous malaria. Therefore, preventive and promotional efforts are essential as the first step toward malaria elimination at the study site, including avoiding direct contact between residents and vectors near mosquito breeding sites.
Comparison of DNA concentration and bacterial pathogen PCR detection when using two DNA extraction kits for nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples
Authors: Khan Dam , Thomas Shola-Able , Tientcheu Peggy-Estelle , Suso Sambou M. S. , Dupont Christopher , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Nicol Mark P. , Antonio Martin 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Several important human pathogens that cause life-threatening infections are asymptomatically carried in the Nasopharynx/Oropharynx (NP/OP). DNA extraction is a prerequisite for most culture-independent techniques used to identify pathogens in the NP/OP. However, components of DNA extraction kits differ thereby giving rise to differences in performance. We compared the DNA concentration and the detection of three pathogens in the NP/OP using the discontinued DNeasy PowerSoil Kit (Kit DP) and the DNeasy PowerLyzer PowerSoil Kit (Kit DPP).

Methods
DNA was extracted from the same set of 103 NP/OP samples using the two kits. DNA concentration was measured using the Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer. Real-time Polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done using the QuantStudio 7-flex system to detect three pathogens: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis. Bland-Altman statistics and plots were used to determine the threshold cycle (Ct) value agreement for the two kits.

Results
The average DNA concentration from kit DPP was higher than Kit DP; 1235.6 ng/ml (SD = 1368.3) vs 884.9 ng/ml (SD = 1095.3), p = 0.002. Using a Ct value cutoff of 40 for positivity, the concordance for the presence of S. pneumoniae was 82% (84/102); 94%(96/103) for N. meningitidis and 92%(95/103) for H. influenzae. Kit DP proportionately resulted in higher Ct values than Kit DPP for all pathogens. The Ct value bias of measurement for S. pneumoniae was +2.4 (95% CI, 1.9–3.0), +1.4 (95% CI, 0.9–1.9) for N. meningitidis and +1.4 (95% CI, 0.2–2.5) for H. influenzae.

Conclusion
The higher DNA concentration obtained using kit DPP could increase the chances of recovering low abundant bacteria. The PCR results were reproducible for more than 90% of the samples for the gram-negative H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. Ct value variations of the kits must be taken into consideration when comparing studies that have used the two kits.
Phytochemical profiling and biological activities of Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: an edible vegetable fern
Authors: Raina Kirti , Chaudhary Alisha , Sharma Purnima , Sharma Rohit , Bhardwaj Kanchan , Kumar Pardeep , Kabra Atul , Thakur Sunil , Chaudhary Ashun , Prajapati Mamta , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar , Singla Rajeev K. , Sharma Rohit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives

Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an edible vegetable fern of the Himalayan region with high nutritional and therapeutic value owing to its richness in various secondary metabolites and both macro and micronutrients.

Content
This updated review discusses the general traditional use, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, nutritional value, pharmacology, and toxicity concerns of D. esculentum.

Summary
The plant parts, viz. rhizomes, shoots, fronds and leaves, have immense ethnomedicinal importance, being traditionally used to cure several health disorders. Among other pharmacological effects, this botanical reveals excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-leishmanial, antioxidant, anaphylactic, antipyretic, anthelmintic and hepatoprotective activities, directly attributed to the presence of many secondary metabolites. From a pharmacological point of view, the excellent antioxidant potential of D. esculentum suggests its promising use for nutraceutical or functional food formulation purposes.

Outlook
Considering the evidences on popular ethnomedicinal uses of D. esculentum as an edible vegetable, its immense bio-potential, and multiple pharmacological roles, there is a huge need to evaluate its therapeutic applications in light of standard clinical trials.
Danish 20-month-olds’ recognition of familiar words with and without consonant and vowel mispronunciations
Authors: Højen Anders , Madsen Thomas O. , Bleses Dorthe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although several studies initially supported the proposal by Nespor et al. (Nespor, Marina, Marcela Peña & Jacques Mehler. 2003. On the different roles of vowels and consonants in speech processing and language acquisition. Lingue e Linguaggio 2. 221–247) that consonants are more informative than vowels in lexical processing, a more complex picture has emerged from recent research. Current evidence suggests that infants initially show a vowel bias in lexical processing and later transition to a consonant bias, possibly depending on the characteristics of the ambient language. Danish infants have shown a vowel bias in word learning at 20 months—an age at which infants learning French or Italian no longer show a vowel bias but rather a consonant bias, and infants learning English show no bias. The present study tested whether Danish 20-month-olds also have a vowel bias when recognizing familiar words. Specifically, using the Intermodal Preferential Looking paradigm, we tested whether Danish infants were more likely to ignore or accept consonant than vowel mispronunciations when matching familiar words with pictures. The infants successfully matched correctly pronounced familiar words with pictures but showed no vowel or consonant bias when matching mispronounced words with pictures. The lack of a bias for Danish vowels or consonants in familiar word recognition adds to evidence that lexical processing biases are language-specific and may additionally depend on developmental age and perhaps task difficulty.