bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes out to 12 months after sequential use of high‐dose tofacitinib following infliximab in acute severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Eqbal Ali , Hilley Patrick , Choy Matthew , Srinivasan Ashish , de Cruz Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute severe colitis (ASUC) remains a significant cause of morbidity in up to 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis during their disease course. We present the outcomes out to 12 months following the use of high‐dose tofacitinib, 10 mg three times daily (TDS), in patients with steroid and infliximab refractory ASUC. A total of 11 patients with ASUC who were treated with high‐dose tofacitinib after failing sequential infliximab therapy between 2019 and 2021 were identified at an Australian tertiary centre. Ten of 11 patients demonstrated clinical and biochemical response to treatment during admission. Two of 11 patients required colectomy, one during the index admission and the other during re‐admission 10 days after the index presentation. Nine of the initial responders had a median Mayo score of 1 (IQR 0–4) at both 6 and 12 months, and all remained colectomy‐free out to 12 months. Neither venous thromboembolic events nor major infective complications were observed. Tofacitinib may be a safe and effective induction and maintenance agent in the treatment of steroid and infliximab refractory ASUC. Prospective studies with long‐term follow‐up are required to explore the use of tofacitinib in ASUC before it can be routinely recommended as salvage therapy.
The utility of rested prolactin sampling in the evaluation of hyperprolactinaemia
Authors: Wilkinson Tom , Li Bobby , Soule Steven , Hunt Penny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsSerum prolactin levels may be elevated by venepuncture stress. We investigated the utility of a rested prolactin sample, obtained through an indwelling venous cannula, in preventing the overdiagnosis of hyperprolactinaemia.MethodsPatients at our institution undergo serial prolactin sampling, usually over 40 min, when investigating hyperprolactinaemia. We retrospectively reviewed all serial prolactin sampling performed during a 3‐year period. Patients with possible medication‐induced hyperprolactinaemia and macroprolactin interference were excluded. We assessed the effect of venepuncture‐associated stress on hyperprolactinaemia with the main outcome being normalisation of serum prolactin at the end of serial sampling.ResultsNinety‐three patients with documented hyperprolactinaemia (range 360–1690 mU/L) were included in the analysis. Prolactin decreased during serial sampling in 73 patients (78%), suggesting a prevalent effect of venepuncture stress. The final prolactin sample was normal in 50 patients (54%), consistent with stress hyperprolactinaemia rather than pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Patients with a referral prolactin result greater than two times the upper reference limit (URL) were less likely (15%) to have a normal prolactin result on serial sampling. Measurement of a single rested prolactin sample from an indwelling cannula showed the same diagnostic utility as serial sampling.ConclusionSerum prolactin results are frequently elevated by the stress of venepuncture. Confirmation of pathological hyperprolactinaemia in a rested sample obtained from an indwelling venous cannula is recommended in patients with mild hyperprolactinaemia, particularly when the referral prolactin is less than two times the URL.
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhancers—Drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by dendritic cells
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhao Liwei , Zitvogel Laurence , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe search for immunostimulatory drugs applicable to cancer immunotherapy may profit from target‐agnostic methods in which agents are screened for their functional impact on immune cells cultured in vitro without any preconceived idea on their mode of action. We have built a synthetic mini‐immune system in which stressed and dying cancer cells (derived from standardized cell lines) are confronted with dendritic cells (DCs, derived from immortalized precursors) and CD8+ T‐cell hybridoma cells expressing a defined T‐cell receptor. Using this system, we can identify three types of immunostimulatory drugs: (i) pharmacological agents that stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant cells; (ii) drugs that act on DCs to enhance their response to ICD; and (iii) drugs that act on T cells to increase their effector function. Here, we focus on strategies to develop drugs that enhance the perception of ICD by DCs and to which we refer as “ICD enhancers.” We discuss examples of ICD enhancers, including ligands of pattern recognition receptors (exemplified by TLR3 ligands that correct the deficient function of DCs lacking FPR1) and immunometabolic modifiers (exemplified by hexokinase‐2 inhibitors), as well as methods for target deconvolution applicable to the mechanistic characterization of ICD enhancers.
Personal strength use and job satisfaction in Chinese nurses: The mediating roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience
Authors: Bai Chengzhi , Bai Baoyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association of personal strength use with job satisfaction among Chinese nurses and to examine the mediating roles of basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience in this association.BackgroundThe topic of nurses’ job satisfaction has been extensively studied worldwide because of its significant effects on nurse turnover, recruitment, and quality of care.MethodsA sample of 417 nurses completed a multi‐section questionnaire that included established scales to measure personal strength use, basic psychological needs satisfaction, resilience, and job satisfaction.ResultsThe results revealed that personal strength use was positively linked to nurses’ job satisfaction. Additionally, basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience mediated the association of personal strength use with job satisfaction both independently and serially.ConclusionPersonal strength use increases nurses’ job satisfaction by satisfying their basic psychological needs and improving their resilience.Implications for nursing and health policyCreating a culture that supports the use of personal strengths among nurses is a promising strategy that hospital managers could consider to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction. Furthermore, implementing programs and interventions to improve nurses’ basic psychological needs satisfaction and resilience could further boost their job satisfaction.
Structural and psychological empowerment and burnout among nurses: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Şenol Çelik Sevilay , Sariköse Seda , Çelik Yusuf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to review available evidence about the relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and burnout among nurses.BackgroundNurses are key healthcare providers, who experience higher levels of burnout due to uncertainty and role conflicts about nursing roles and responsibilities and poor management. Nurse empowerment is an effective approach to reduce nurse burnout and enhance patient care quality.IntroductionPositive working conditions along with positive attitudes and perceptions for nurses are crucial in the workplace. Nurse empowerment in the workplace results in quality improvements in work life and the provision of healthcare.MethodWe conducted a systematic review in accordance with the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA guideline. Relevant studies published between 2007 and 2022 were identified via PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE (R), Science Direct and Turkish scientific literature databases. Studies that reported correlation coefficients were pooled to conduct a meta‐analysis.ResultsRandom‐effects meta‐analyses showed a negative association between structural and psychological empowerment and emotional exhaustion. The overall findings showed a moderate and negative association between the six dimensions of structural empowerment and depersonalization. There was a positive association between structural empowerment and personal accomplishment.DiscussionThere is a relationship between decreased burnout levels and nurse empowerment. The causal relationship between empowerment and burnout levels needs to be investigated in various healthcare settings in several countries.ConclusionThe relationship between structural and psychological empowerment and burnout levels emphasizes that empowerment can reduce nurse burnout. Nurse empowerment is a critical management strategy for improving the quality of life for nurses, increasing the quality and effectiveness of patient care and achieving positive outcomes.Implications for nursing and health policyThe encouragement and empowerment of nurses for prompt decision‐making and effective resource utilization, reduces nurse burnout, enhancing nurses’ job commitment, productivity, satisfaction and competence along with increased quality of care. The encouragement of nurses as empowered managers at the macro, meso and institutional levels not only improves the overall quality of health services but also helps to find solutions for the issues concerning healthcare service users and the health system environment.
The price of the slow lane: Traffic congestion and stock block trading premium
Authors: Cao Tingqiu , Qian Xianhang , Zhang Le 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing data on city‐level daily traffic congestion and stock block trading, we investigate the impact of trader cities' traffic congestion on the stock block trading price. We find that higher level of traffic congestion in the traders' cities is associated with lower stock block trading premium, particularly when the information asymmetry between the trading parties is high. We also find that the buyers have more bargaining power in determining the price premium of block trading. Moreover, we employ a multi‐pronged approach to address the identification issue and find confirming evidence for the causal link.
Sternal wound infections following internal mammary artery grafts for a coronary bypass: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Mingmei , Yu Zhenxing , Chen Qiong , Zhao Qian , Chen Xiang , Lei Changjiang , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe meta‐analysis aims to evaluate and compare the sternal wound infections following internal mammary artery grafts for a coronary bypass. Examinations comparing bilateral internal mammary artery to single internal mammary artery for coronary artery bypass grafting were among the meta‐analyses from various languages that met the inclusion criteria. Using dichotomous random‐ or fixed‐effect models, the results of these investigations were examined, and the Odd Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed. A total of 31 examinations from 2001 to 2023 were recruited for the current analysis including 181 503 personals with coronary artery bypass grafting. Bilateral internal mammary artery had significantly higher sternal wound infection (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.37–1.68, p < 0.001), superficial sternal wound infection (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.16–2.56, p = 0.007), deep sternal wound infection (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.41–1.86, p < 0.001), sternal wound infection in diabetics (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.16–1.90, p = 0.002), sternal wound infection in elderly (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22–1.57, p < 0.001), sternal wound infection in pedicled preparation (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.30–2.23, p < 0.001) and sternal wound infection in skeletonized preparation (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09–1.81, p = 0.009) compared to single internal mammary artery in personals with coronary artery bypass grafting. Bilateral internal mammary artery grafting is linked to a higher risk of impaired wound healing, particularly in diabetic individuals, elderly, pedicled preparation, and skeletonized preparation. Nevertheless, caution should be exercised while interacting with its values since examinations were performed by different surgeons with different skills on different types of personals.
WKYMVm ameliorates obesity by improving lipid metabolism and leptin signalling
Authors: Kang Ji Hyeon , Kim Hyung Sik , Park Seon Hyang , Kim Ye Seon , Bae Yoe‐Sik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObesity is a metabolic disorder that results from an imbalance of energy intake and consumption. As low‐grade chronic inflammation caused by obesity can lead to various complications, it is important to develop effective treatments against obesity. In this study, we investigate the effects of WKYMVm, a strong anti‐inflammatory agent, against obesity. Administration of WKYMVm into high fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice significantly attenuated body weight gain, food intake and increased insulin sensitivity. HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy were also markedly ameliorated by WKYMVm. During the maturation of adipocytes, WKYMVm improves lipid metabolism by increasing lipolysis, adipogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and fat browning. WKYMVm administration also elicited a decrease in leptin levels, but an increase in leptin sensitivity via regulation of hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and the leptin receptor cascade. Taken together, our results show that WKYMVm ameliorates obesity by improving lipid metabolism and leptin signalling, suggesting that WKYMVm can be a useful molecule for the development of anti‐obesity agents.
Vitiligo patient population and disease burden in France: VIOLIN study results from the CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Seneschal Julien , Da Silva Audrey , Préaubert Nathalie , Lamblin Anne , Delattre Carine , Emery Corinne , Nevoret Camille , Finzi Jonathan , Bouée Stéphane , Passeron Thierry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting in skin depigmentation.ObjectivesThis study assessed the prevalence, disease burden and treatment of vitiligo in France.MethodsVIOLIN was a cross‐sectional study nested in the national CONSTANCES cohort, which consists of randomly selected adults aged 18–69 years in France. In VIOLIN, longitudinal data were collected prospectively from 158,898 participants during 2012–2018 and linked to the National Health Data System (SNDS), a healthcare utilization database. Patients with physician‐diagnosed vitiligo were matched (1:3) with control participants based on age, sex, geographic region, year of inclusion and skin phototype. Patients completed a questionnaire in 2022 to collect disease characteristics, disease burden and quality‐of‐life (QoL) data.ResultsVitiligo prevalence was 0.71% (681/95,597) in 2018. The mean age in the vitiligo population was 51.2 years; 51.4% were women. Most patients (63%) were diagnosed before age 30 years, mainly by dermatologists (83.5%). Most patients (81.1%) had visible lesions (i.e. on face, hands). Vitiligo was limited to <10% of the body surface area (BSA) in 85.8% of patients. Comorbidities including thyroid disease (18.0% vs. 9.0%), psoriasis (13.7% vs. 9.7%), atopic dermatitis (12.4% vs. 10.3%), depression (18.2% vs. 14.6%) and alopecia areata (4.3% vs. 2.4%) were significantly more common in patients with vitiligo versus matched controls (n = 2043). QoL was significantly impaired in patients with >5% BSA involvement or visible lesions, particularly with ≥10% facial involvement. Vitiligo‐specific instruments (i.e. Vitiligo Impact Patient scale and Vitiligo‐specific QoL instrument) were more sensitive to QoL differences among subgroups versus general skin instruments, and generic instruments were least sensitive. Most patients (83.8%) did not receive any prescribed treatment.ConclusionsPatients with vitiligo in France have a high disease burden, particularly those with visible lesions or higher BSA involvement. Most patients are not receiving treatment, highlighting the need for new effective treatments and patient/physician education.
Abnormal bolus reflux on impedance‐pH testing independently predicts 3‐year pulmonary outcome and mortality in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bailey Mariel E , Borges Lawrence F , Goldberg Hilary J , Hathorn Kelly E , Gavini Sravanya , Lo Wai‐Kit , Chan Walter W 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimGastroesophageal reflux has been associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), although the directionality of the relationship has been debated. Data on the value of objective reflux measures in predicting IPF disease progression and mortality remain limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH testing (MII‐pH) and 3‐year pulmonary outcomes in IPF patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of adults with IPF who underwent pre‐lung transplant MII‐pH off acid suppression at a tertiary center. Patients were followed for 3 years after MII‐pH for poor pulmonary outcomes (hospitalization for respiratory exacerbation or death). A secondary analysis was performed using mortality as outcome of interest. Time‐to‐event analyses using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression were performed to evaluate associations between MII‐pH and poor outcomes.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐four subjects (mean age = 61.7 ± 8 years, 62% male) were included. Increased bolus exposure time (BET) on MII‐pH was associated with decreased time to poor pulmonary outcomes and death (log‐ranked P‐value = 0.017 and 0.031, respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses controlling for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, proton pump inhibitor use, baseline pulmonary function, and anti‐fibrotic therapy, increased BET was an independent predictor for poor pulmonary outcomes [hazard ratio 3.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–8.09), P = 0.015] and mortality [hazard ratio 11.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.37–63.9), P = 0.025] over 3 years.ConclusionsIncreased BET on MII‐pH is an independent predictor of poor pulmonary outcomes and mortality over 3 years in IPF patients. These findings also support a role for gastroesophageal reflux in IPF disease progression and the potential impact of routine reflux testing and treatment.
The Nutritional Online sUrvey for pRegnancy Induced Sickness & Hyperemesis (NOURISH) study: results from the first trimester
Authors: Maslin Kate , Dean Caitlin , Shawe Jill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is severe pregnancy sickness, often leading to dehydration, weight loss and electrolyte disturbances. Little is known about nutritional intake and its consequences in those affected. The aim of this study was to explore the first trimester nutritional intake and clinical characteristics in those with severe sickness.MethodRecruitment was via the social media accounts of national pregnancy charities. The eligibility criteria were as follows: between 6 and 11 weeks pregnant, age ≥18 years and residing in the UK. Participants completed a self‐report online questionnaire including the Pregnancy Unique Quantification of Emesis 24 (PUQE24) score and a 3‐day online diet diary. Groups were compared by PUQE24 categories. Nutritional intakes were compared to dietary reference values.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six participants took part in the study: 36 categorised with mild, 109 with moderate and 21 with severe symptoms at a median gestation of 8.1 (interquartile range [IQR] 3) weeks. Those in the severe category had significantly higher weight loss (3.0 kg, IQR 3.5) than the mild category (0.0 kg, IQR 0.9). In those who completed the diet diary (n = 70), intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fibre, calcium, iron, zinc, thiamine, riboflavin, folate and vitamin C were all significantly lower in the severe category (p < 0.05). The severe group consumed only 39.5% and 41.6% of energy and protein needs, respectively, and were more likely to stop taking micronutrient supplements (p < 0.05).ConclusionNutritional and supplement intake in those with severe pregnancy sickness was poor; however, intake across all participants was suboptimal. Future research should investigate how to improve nutritional intake across all categories of pregnancy sickness.
Social supermarkets, nutritional implications and healthy eating: exploration of members and their views
Authors: Mulrooney Hilda M. , Ranta Ronald , Nancheva Nevena , Bhakta Dee , Lake Stef 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Covid‐19 pandemic has increased the need for food support but simultaneously enabled substantial innovation in food support provision, including the evolution of social supermarkets (SSM). These allow consumers to choose from a range of low‐cost products, minimise stigma and reduce food waste. Data from members of two Sussex SSM were gathered for their perspectives and experiences, as well as potential nutritional implications of the SSM.MethodsQuestionnaires administered face‐to‐face during site visits and optional telephone interviews were used. Data were collected during three site visits; 111 participants completed questionnaires, and an additional 25 detailed interviews with members of the SSM were completed. All data were gathered between December 2021 and May 2022.ResultsOverall, the SSMs were valued by their members. Social, economic and nutritional benefits were identified. SSM increased consumer choice and reduced stigma. Most members visited regularly, using SSM to supplement other food purchases. They valued the opportunity to choose their own foods and opportunities to socialise, in addition to the range of food and household items offered. The majority agreed that healthy eating was important but time and cost were barriers especially for younger members. SSM introduced members to novel foods and dishes, potentially diversifying dietary intakes. Challenges included restrictions on the amounts of food available, depending on the timing of visits. This was a greater challenge for those more reliant on SSM for household needs.ConclusionsSSM represent an innovative and less stigmatising model of food support. Greater variety of food offered suggests their potential to diversify and improve dietary intakes. Challenges include ensuring stability of food supply and reducing stigma further.
Fundamental neurochemistry review: Glutamatergic dysfunction as a central mechanism underlying flavivirus‐induced neurological damage
Authors: Nogueira Clara O. , Rocha Tamires , Messor Daniel F. , Souza Isis N. O. , Clarke Julia R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Flaviviridae family comprises positive‐sense single‐strand RNA viruses mainly transmitted by arthropods. Many of these pathogens are especially deleterious to the nervous system, and a myriad of neurological symptoms have been associated with infections by Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans. Studies suggest that viral replication in neural cells and the massive release of pro‐inflammatory mediators lead to morphological alterations of synaptic spine structure and changes in the balance of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters and receptors. Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and studies propose that either enhanced release or impaired uptake of this amino acid contributes to brain damage in several conditions. Here, we review existing evidence suggesting that glutamatergic dysfunction‐induced by flaviviruses is a central mechanism for neurological damage and clinical outcomes of infection. We also discuss current data suggesting that pharmacological approaches that counteract glutamatergic dysfunction show benefits in animal models of such viral diseases.image