bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ganoderma from Cuba: an approach to some species based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Cabarroi-Hernández Milay , Decock Cony , Welti Stéphane , Amalfi Mario , Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula Alma , Aliaga-Ramos Daniela , Morera Guillermo , Macedo-Pérez Sandi Emilia , Almarales Castro Abel , Guzmán-Dávalos Laura 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ganoderma is a genus of wood-decaying polypores fungi with several species, in which morphological delimitation has been challenging due to its large plasticity. Knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of Ganoderma in Cuba remains incomplete. Here, we identified some species, mainly laccate, of Ganoderma present in Cuba based on morphological and phylogenetic data and investigated their relationships with other species. Type specimens, recently collected materials, herbarium specimens and in vitro cultures were studied to delimit morphological species. The phylogenetic affinities of ten species were inferred based on multilocus (ITS rDNA, rpb2, tef1-α) DNA sequences to delimit phylogenetic species. In this work, 14 species of Ganoderma were recognized in Cuba, of which G. amazonense, G. curtisii, G. dussii and G. multiplicatum are reported for the first time. Ganoderma rodriguezii sp. nov. is described as a novel species. We confirmed G. amazonense is a non-laccate species although it is phylogenetically affine to laccate species. An identification key for studied species, nomenclatural information, updated descriptions and geographical distributions are presented. The lectotypification in second step of ﻿G. perzonatum, ﻿G. pulverulentum and ﻿G. zonatum was made here. To correctly interpret G. perzonatum, recent collections, including live strains from the type locality, are described. We confirm G. lucidum is not present in Cuba, despite previous records from the country.
Dazzle: surface patterns that impede interception
Authors: Scott-Samuel Nicholas E , Caro Tim , Matchette Samuel R , Cuthill Innes C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
‘Dazzle coloration’ describes a wide variety of high-contrast patterns allegedly providing protection against attack during motion. Previous research falls into three broad groups. First, studies using humans demonstrate that certain surface patterns can cause significant misperceptions in controlled laboratory conditions, although the effects are inconsistent in both direction and magnitude. Second, experiments on target capture or tracking also show effects that are strongly dependent upon the test paradigm. It has not been established that these laboratory findings generalize to other species, or to the real world. Third, mainly comparative studies build a case for longitudinal striping being involved in escape strategies in some squamate reptiles. We suggest that: (1) the concept of dazzle conflates a description of appearance with presumed function; (2) some effects attributed to dazzle have not been distinguished clearly from other mechanisms of protective coloration; and (3) confusion persists over the evidence necessary to attribute a dazzle function to markings. We refine the definition of dazzle to exclude appearance: d﻿azzle is coloration that interferes with target interception, as a result of misperception of its speed, trajectory and/or range. Our review clarifies discussion of dazzle, and sets out a coherent and practical framework for future research.
Demographic imbalance in the hybrid zone led to asymmetric gene flow between two closely related geckos, Gekko hokouensis and Gekko yakuensis (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Okamoto Kota , Tominaga Atsushi , Toda Mamoru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introgressive hybridization caused by invasive species may lead to the extinction of pure native species, but a theoretical model of the invasion process with hybridization (the neutral demographic model) suggests that introgression occurs mainly from native to invasive species. Clarifying the direction of introgression is important to evaluate the impact of hybridization on native species. In southern Japan, a widely disseminated gecko, Gekko hokouensis, and a local gecko, Gekko yakuensis, have formed mosaic hybrid zones. Given the presumed invasiveness of Gekko hokouensis, the neutral demographic model predicts that introgression would mainly occur in the direction to Gekko hokouensis, whereas possible asymmetric assortative mating suggested by a previous study predicts the opposite direction of introgression. Our investigations using microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA for the gecko assemblages in 12 localities and comparisons with allozyme data collected 18 years ago indicated that Gekko hokouensis expanded its range and tended to have replaced hybrids and Gekko yakuensis. Introgression was skewed towards Gekko hokouensis, but interspecific mating between the parental species was reciprocal. These results suggest that their hybridization progress follows the neutral demographic model and that the higher population growth rate of Gekko hokouensis is the major cause of species replacement, although we cannot rule out the possibility that asymmetric assortative mating also influences the later stages of species replacement.
Incomplete lineage sorting explains the low performance of DNA barcoding in a radiation of four species of Western European grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Chorthippus)
Authors: Nabholz Benoit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
DNA barcoding often fails to identify species despite its undisputed advantages. Hybridization, sample contamination, incomplete lineage sorting and nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes (NUMTs) are often put forward as explanations but have seldomly been tested. Here I used available RNA-sequencing data to explore this issue in four Chorthippus grasshopper species. I was able to exclude NUMTs, contamination and recent hybridization as probable causes of the low barcoding performance. Using a phylogenetic method, I estimated the nuclear and mitochondrial mutation rates as 1.31 × 10−9–2.27 × 10−9 and 8.1 × 10−9–1.4 × 10−8 mutations/site/year, respectively. These grasshoppers therefore did not exhibit a particularly low mitochondrial mutation rate compared to other insect species. Using coalescence simulation, I was able to show that two simple demographic scenarios, with a divergence period of 1–3 Myr, provided a good fit to the mitochondrial genealogies in three of the four target species. Interestingly, the mitochondrial genealogy of Chorthippus mollis was inconsistent with a neutral evolution pattern, suggesting that it had undergone adaptive selection.
Professional Burnout as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Pandemic-Related Stress and Social Care Workers’ Mental Health
Authors: Swords Lorraine , Spratt Trevor , Hanlon Holly 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding pathways between social care workers’ Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related stress and poorer mental health outcomes can inform employers’ efforts to support the well-being of staff. The present study engaged 103 workers at an Irish Non-Government Organisation providing child and family support services. In the initial months following the cessation of pandemic restrictions in 2022, they completed an anonymous online survey that included questions about their experiences of COVID-19, their professional quality of life and their mental health. The aim was to explore the direct effect of COVID-related stress on workers’ mental health, and the indirect effect through the mediators of compassion satisfaction and the compassion fatigue components of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. The results indicated that greater levels of pandemic stress are significantly and directly related to both increased burnout and poorer mental health, and that burnout also partially mediates the relationship between pandemic stress and poorer mental health. This study adds to a growing body of work concerned to better understand the social care workers’ pandemic experiences, and results are discussed in terms of apprising employers of the need for timely and effective staff supports.
Toxic effects of mutant huntingtin in axons are mediated by its proline-rich domain
Authors: Brady Scott T , Mesnard-Hoaglin Nichole A , Mays Sarah , Priego Mercedes , Dziechciowska Joanna , Morris Sarah , Kang Minsu , Tsai Ming Ying , Purks Jennifer L , Klein Alison , Gaona Angelica , Melloni Alexandra , Connors Theresa , Hyman Bradley , Song Yuyu , Morfini Gerardo A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Huntington’s disease results from expansion of a polyglutamine tract (polyQ) in mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein, but mechanisms underlying polyQ expansion-mediated toxic gain-of-mHTT function remain elusive.
Here, deletion and antibody-based experiments revealed that a proline-rich domain (PRD) adjacent to the polyQ tract is necessary for mHTT to inhibit fast axonal transport and promote axonal pathology in cultured mammalian neurons. Further, polypeptides corresponding to subregions of the PRD sufficed to elicit the toxic effect on fast axonal transport, which was mediated by c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and involved PRD binding to one or more SH3-domain containing proteins. Collectively, these data suggested a mechanism whereby polyQ tract expansion in mHTT promotes aberrant PRD exposure and interactions of this domain with SH3 domain-containing proteins including some involved in activation of JNKs. In support, biochemical and immunohistochemical experiments linked aberrant PRD exposure to increased JNK activation in striatal tissues of the zQ175 mouse model and from post-mortem Huntington’s disease patients.
Together, these findings support a critical role of PRD on mHTT toxicity, suggesting a novel framework for the potential development of therapies aimed to halt or reduce axonal pathology in Huntington’s disease.
Review of the role of the endogenous opioid and melanocortin systems in the restless legs syndrome
Authors: Walters Arthur S , Li Yuqing , Koo Brian B , Ondo William G , Weinstock Leonard B , Champion David , Afrin Lawrence B , Karroum Elias G , Bagai Kanika , Spruyt Karen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is responsive to opioid, dopaminergic and iron-based treatments. Receptor blocker studies in RLS patients suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of opioids is specific to the opioid receptor and mediated indirectly through the dopaminergic system. An RLS autopsy study reveals decreases in endogenous opioids, β-endorphin and perhaps Met-enkephalin in the thalamus of RLS patients. A total opioid receptor knock-out (mu, delta and kappa) and a mu-opioid receptor knock-out mouse model of RLS show circadian motor changes akin to RLS and, although both models show sensory changes, the mu-opioid receptor knock mouse shows circadian sensory changes closest to those seen in idiopathic RLS. Both models show changes in striatal dopamine, anaemia and low serum iron. However, only in the total receptor knock-out mouse do we see the decreases in serum ferritin that are normally found in RLS. There are also decreases in serum iron when wild-type mice are administered a mu-opioid receptor blocker. In addition, the mu-opioid receptor knock-out mouse also shows increases in striatal zinc paralleling similar changes in RLS. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone are derived from pro-opiomelanocortin as is β-endorphin. However, they cause RLS-like symptoms and periodic limb movements when injected intraventricularly into rats. These results collectively suggest that an endogenous opioid deficiency is pathogenetic to RLS and that an altered melanocortin system may be causal to RLS as well.
Emotional self-body odors do not influence the access to visual awareness by emotional faces
Authors: Rocha Marta , Grave Joana , Korb Sebastian , Parma Valentina , Semin Gün R , Soares Sandra C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that emotional chemosignals in others’ body odor (BO), particularly those sampled during fearful states, enhance emotional face perception in conscious and preconscious stages. For instance, emotional faces access visual awareness faster when presented with others’ fear BOs. However, the effect of these emotional signals in self-BO, that is, one’s own BO, is still neglected in the literature. In the present work, we sought to determine whether emotional self-BOs modify the access to visual awareness of emotional faces. Thirty-eight women underwent a breaking-Continuous Flash Suppression task in which they were asked to detect fearful, happy, and neutral faces, as quickly and accurately as possible, while being exposed to their fear, happiness, and neutral self-BOs. Self-BOs were previously collected and later delivered via an olfactometer, using an event-related design. Results showed a main effect of emotional faces, with happy faces being detected significantly faster than fearful and neutral faces. However, our hypothesis that fear self-BOs would lead to faster emotional face detection was not confirmed, as no effect of emotional self-BOs was found—this was confirmed with Bayesian analysis. Although caution is warranted when interpreting these results, our findings suggest that emotional face perception is not modulated by emotional self-BOs, contrasting with the literature on others’ BOs. Further research is needed to understand the role of self-BOs in visual processing and emotion perception.
Clinical and Genomic Characterization of a Cohort of Patients With Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Roach David J , Sridhar Sushmita , Oliver Elizabeth , Rao Sowmya R , Slater Damien M , Hwang Wontae , Hutt Vater Kian , Dinesh Anupama , Qadri Firdausi , Chisti Mohammod J , Pierce Virginia M , Turbett Sarah E , Bhattacharyya Roby P , Worby Colin J , Earl Ashlee M , LaRocque Regina C , Harris Jason B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The clinical and microbial factors associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) are not well characterized. Prior studies have focused on highly resistant or hypervirulent isolates, limiting our understanding of K. pneumoniae strains that commonly cause BSI. We performed a record review and whole-genome sequencing to investigate the clinical characteristics, bacterial diversity, determinants of antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors for in-hospital death in a cohort of patients with K. pneumoniae BSI.

Methods
We identified 562 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital with K. pneumoniae BSIs between 2016 and 2022. We collected data on comorbid conditions, infection source, clinical outcomes, and antibiotic resistance and performed whole-genome sequencing on 108 sequential BSI isolates from 2021 to 2022.

Results
Intra-abdominal infection was the most common source of infection accounting for 34% of all BSIs. A respiratory tract source accounted for 6% of BSIs but was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality rate (adjusted odds ratio, 5.4 [95% confidence interval, 2.2–12.8]; P &lt; .001 for comparison with other sources). Resistance to the first antibiotic prescribed was also associated with a higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio, 5.2 [95% confidence interval, 2.2–12.4]; P &lt; .001). BSI isolates were genetically diverse, and no clusters of epidemiologically and genetically linked cases were observed. Virulence factors associated with invasiveness were observed at a low prevalence, although an unexpected association between O-antigen type and the source of infection was found.

Conclusions
These observations demonstrate the versatility of K. pneumoniae as an opportunistic pathogen and highlight the need for new approaches for surveillance and the rapid identification of patients with invasive antimicrobial-resistant K. pneumoniae infection.
Clinical and pathological characteristics in elderly patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Yongji , Li Qianqian , Shi Sufang , Liu Lijun , Lv Jicheng , Zhu Li , Zhang Hong 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis, with highly variable manifestations. Although the peak incidence of IgAN is in young adults, the diagnosis among elderly people is increasing. Here we explored the effect of aging on IgAN features, as well as cellular senescence in the kidney of IgAN.

Methods
A total of 910 patients with IgAN were enrolled, which contained 182 individuals in each age stage (aged ≥60, 50–59, 40–49, 30–39 and 20–29 years). Clinical and pathological manifestations at the time of renal biopsy were compared. Additionally, 38 patients with IgAN (19 aged over or equal to 60 years and 19 aged below 60 years) were randomly selected for p16INK4a staining by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of p16INK4a-positive cells in glomeruli, renal tubule and interstitium were separately quantified.

Results
Compared with young IgAN patients, elderly patients presented with higher levels of circulating IgA, uric acid and proteinuria, but lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR), as well as lower red blood cell counts, platelet counts and lymphocyte counts. Moreover, elderly IgAN patients showed higher incidence of hypertension, and lower incidence of prodromic infection. Regarding histological lesions in the kidney, young IgAN patients had higher degree of IgA and C3 deposits, while elderly IgAN patients had more severe Oxford-E lesions, but less severe Oxford-S lesions. The percentage of glomerular and tubular p16INK4a-positive cells in elderly patients showed an increasing trend, but statistical significance was not reached. The percentage of p16INK4a-positive nuclei in renal interstitium was positively associated with T score, while increased percentage of p16INK4a-positive nuclei in renal tubule was associated with eGFR and 24-h urinary protein level.

Conclusion
In our IgAN cohort, elderly IgAN patients presented with some aging-related features, and both aging- and IgAN-induced pathological injury contributed to the kidney lesions in patients with IgAN.
Low Occurrence of Colectomy With Long-Term (up to 4 Years) Golimumab Treatment in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Active Ulcerative Colitis: Data From the PURSUIT Maintenance and Long-Term Extension Studies
Authors: Weinstein Cindy L J , Meehan Alan G , Govoni Marinella , Lin Jianxin , Reinisch Walter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
This analysis evaluated the incidence of all-cause colectomies (total or partial) among patients with moderate-to-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) in the golimumab (GLM) Program of Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing an Investigational Treatment (PURSUIT)-maintenance (-M) and long-term extension (-LTE) studies.

Methods
Eligible PURSUIT-M trial participants completed a 6-week GLM induction trial without requiring colectomy. Responders to GLM induction were randomized 1:1:1 to GLM 50 mg, GLM 100 mg, or placebo (PBO) maintenance for up to 1 year, administered every 4 weeks (q4w). Nonresponders to GLM or PBO induction received GLM 100 mg; responders to PBO induction received PBO (each administered q4w for up to 1 year). Participants who completed PURSUIT-M were eligible to continue their treatment in the 3-year PURSUIT-LTE study.

Results
A total of 60 (4.9%) colectomies were reported among the 1228 patients who enrolled in the 1-year PURSUIT-M study, which included 672 participants who continued into the 3-year PURSUIT-LTE LTE study (of which 666 were treated). The colectomy rate during the 3-year extension was lower than that observed during the maintenance phase of the study (9/666 [1.4%] compared to 51/1228 [4.2%]). The majority (43/60 [71.7%]) of the reported colectomies occurred in patients who had not responded to induction therapy and who tended to have had more severe disease characteristics at baseline.

Conclusions
This retrospective evaluation of colectomy data from the PURSUIT-M and -LTE studies in patients with moderate-to-severe active UC demonstrated a low (&lt;5%) occurrence of colectomy with long-term (up to 4 years) GLM treatment. PURSUIT-M (NCT00488631; EudraCT, 2006-003399-37).
Superior predictive value of transmural over endoscopic severity for colectomy risk in ulcerative colitis: a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Piazza O Sed Nicole , Noviello Daniele , Filippi Elisabetta , Conforti Francesco , Furfaro Federica , Fraquelli Mirella , Costantino Andrea , Danese Silvio , Vecchi Maurizio , Fiorino Gionata , Allocca Mariangela , Caprioli Flavio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endoscopic activity is associated with an increased risk of surgery in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Transmural activity, as defined by Milan Ultrasound Criteria [MUC] &gt; 6.2, reliably detects endoscopic activity in patients with UC. The present study aimed to assess in UC patients whether transmural severity is a better predictor of colectomy as compared to endoscopy.

Methods
Consecutive adult UC patients were recruited in two IBD Referral Centres and underwent colonoscopy and intestinal ultrasound in a blinded fashion. The need for colectomy was assessed at follow-up. Univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis was used to compare MUC baseline values and Mayo Endoscopic Scores [MES] in predicting colectomy risk.

Results
Overall, 141 patients were enrolled, and 13 underwent colectomy in the follow-up period. Both MES (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–8.37, p = 0.02) and MUC [HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.19–1.76, p &lt; 0.001] were associated with colectomy risk, but only MUC was independently associated with this event on multivariable analysis [HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06–2.02, p = 0.02]. MUC was the only independent variable associated with colectomy risk in patients with clinically active disease (odds ratio [OR]: 1.53 [1.03–2.27], p = 0.03). MUC demonstrated higher accuracy than MES (area under ROC curve [AUROC] 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75–0.92 vs 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62–0.80) and better performance for predicting colectomy [p = 0.02]. The optimal MUC score cut-off value for predicting colectomy, as assessed by the Youden index, was 7.7.

Conclusions
A superior predictive value was found for transmural vs endoscopic severity for colectomy risk in UC patients.