bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Community Health Worker-Led Interventions in Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake in Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations
Authors: Rana Tika , Chan Dorothy N. S. , Nguyen Khanh T. , Choi Kai C. , So Winnie K. W. 
Published: March 2023

Background
The colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake rate is substantially lower in ethnic minority populations than in the general population. Racial and ethnic minority individuals experience more barriers in obtaining a screening test for CRC when compared with the non-Hispanic White population.

Objective
To examine the effectiveness of community health worker–led interventions in improving the CRC screening uptake rate in racial and ethnic minority populations.

Methods
Five databases, EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed, were systematically searched, and reference lists of the identified articles were manually searched for relevant articles in May 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included.

Results
A total of 10 randomized controlled trials conducted in the United States were included in this review. The findings of the meta-analysis showed that CRC screening uptake was enhanced in participants receiving community health worker–led interventions compared with those receiving no intervention (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-3.44; P < .001). The subgroup analysis by diverse racial and ethnic groups and number of components (single vs multiple) of the community health worker–led interventions showed that multicomponent interventions were more effective in increasing the CRC uptake rate among all racial and ethnic groups regardless of their background.

Conclusions
Multicomponent community health worker–led interventions can improve CRC screening uptake in racial and ethnic minority populations.

Implications for Practice
The findings of the present review show that multicomponent community health worker–led interventions are shown to be effective to improve the CRC screening uptake targeting other racial and ethnic minority groups in other countries.
Determination of the Relationship Between Gynecological Cancer Awareness and Fear of Cancer in Women Using Social Media and the Affecting Factors
Authors: Aydın Ruveyde , Karakısla Fatmanur Sena , Kabukcuoğlu Kamile 
Published: March 2023

Background
Understanding the relationship between fear of gynecological cancer and awareness of cancer in women may help oncology nurses increase women’s participation in gynecological cancer screening.

Objective
To examine the relationship between women’s gynecological cancer awareness and cancer fear using social media and the affecting factors.

Methods
In a descriptive and cross-sectional study design, online data were collected from 1231 women aged 20 to 69 years through social media using the Descriptive Information Form, the Gynecological Cancer Awareness Scale (GCAS), and the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS). Analytic tests included paired t tests, analysis of variance, and post hoc correlations and structural equation modeling.

Results
The women’s total mean GCAS score was above moderate (152 ± 17), and their mean CWS score was high (19 ± 5). There was no relationship between the GCAS and CWS mean scores. Characteristics of participants with high awareness of gynecological cancer were being young, having a high educational level, having children, living in a province, having a history of cancer or family history of cancer, and having regular gynecological examinations, Papanicolaou smear tests, breast self-examination, and vulva examinations (P < .05). The fear of cancer was higher in women with children, a family history of cancer, and regular gynecological examination behaviors (P < .05).

Conclusion
Awareness of gynecological cancer was not significantly statistically associated with fear of cancer. Certain sociodemographic and gynecological characteristics are associated with awareness of gynecological cancer and/or fear of cancer.

Implications for Practice
Oncology nurses may plan individualized or large-scale educational events that may make use of social media to enhance accurate awareness of gynecological cancer and related examinations in women.
Factors affecting successful prosthetic use after hemipelvectomy and hip disarticulation amputations: Five-year experience from a tertiary prosthetic rehabilitation center
Authors: Saif Ahmad , Francis Richard , Sullivan John , Sedki Imad 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Rehabilitation after hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy amputations can be challenging, and many opt to forego prosthetic limb use. There is limited evidence on characteristics that result in successful prosthetic use; therefore, our study aimed to identify these to help guide patient expectations.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on patients seen at a UK tertiary prosthetic center in the past 5 years with hip disarticulation or hemipelvectomy amputations. Details and etiology of amputation, length between assessment and delivery of prosthesis, goals, reasons for abandonment, and outcomes were recorded. Successful prosthetic use was defined as the use of a prosthesis at least 3 times a week. Characteristics were compared using odds ratios and Fisher exact test.

Results:
Twenty-seven patient notes were analyzed: 42% female, 58% male, and age range 14-90. Thirty percent had a hemipelvectomy, and 70% had a hip disarticulation. Neoplasia accounted for 78% of etiologies followed by trauma 15% and infected endoprosthesis 7%. Sixty-seven percent trialed a walking prosthesis; 33% of these stopped eventually. There were no statistically significant findings of factors increasing odds of successful prosthetic use. However, age significantly increased the odds of being given a trial of a prosthesis.

Conclusion:
Although younger patients are more likely to be given the opportunity to trial a walking prosthesis, age does not seem to affect the overall outcome alone. In cases of neoplasia, there is often a delayed start to rehabilitation and prosthetic use, which may affect eventual success. Further studies are required to define the optimum characteristics for successful prosthetic use at higher amputation levels.
The Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum Among English-Speaking Latino Sexual Minority Men in the United States (2014–2020)
Authors: Lee Jane J. , Barry Michael P. , Kerani Roxanne P. , Sanchez Travis H. , Katz David A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
There is limited understanding of the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum specific to Latino/x gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men (SMM) that encompasses the population residing outside of large metropolitan or urban areas.

Setting:
We examined trends and characteristics associated with the PrEP care continuum with data from the 2014–2020 cycles of the American Men's Internet Survey, an annual online cross-sectional behavioral survey of cisgender SMM in the United States.

Methods:
We calculated PrEP continuum outcomes overall and by year among Hispanic/Latino SMM (n = 9010). We used generalized estimating equations with Poisson links to examine (1) temporal trends (2014–2020) in each step of the PrEP continuum and PrEP use in the past year stratified by PrEP eligibility and (2) correlates of each step of the PrEP continuum in 2020 using multivariable models.

Results:
Among 2283 Latino SMM in 2020, 84% reported PrEP awareness, 30% discussed PrEP with a provider, 15% used PrEP in the past year, and 12% were currently using PrEP. PrEP awareness increased from 52% in 2014 to 84% in 2020; and PrEP use in the past year increased from 4% in 2014 to 15% in 2020. In the multivariable models, age and PrEP eligibility were associated with PrEP use in the past year, and urban–rural classification was associated with current PrEP use.

Conclusions:
While most of the Latino SMM are aware of PrEP, significant gaps remain in this population in discussing PrEP with a provider and using PrEP that require tailored strategies to enhance access to HIV prevention services.
Causes of Reoperation Consultation and Clinical Review of Actual Reoperation After Previous Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Kim Ci Young , Ha Sung-Ho , Lee Pa Ran , Baek Seung-Hak , Choi Jin-Young 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To investigate the causes of reoperation consultation, and the actual percentage and procedures of reoperation after previous orthognathic surgery.

Methods:
The samples consisted of 30 patients who visited our clinic for reoperation consultation from October 2015 to September 2021 (6 males and 24 females; mean age at reoperation consultation, 28.4 y). Patient’s causes of reoperation consultation were divided into “esthetic dissatisfaction,” “airway changes,” “temporomandibular disorders,” “uncomfortable occlusion,” and “other complications”. In terms of esthetic dissatisfaction, the more detailed esthetic problem was evaluated by the clinical chart, facial photographs, and radiographs. In patients who actually underwent reoperation, the actual percentage and procedures of reoperation were investigated.

Results:
The most prevalent causes for reoperation consultation were “esthetic dissatisfaction” (n = 21, 70.0%), followed by “airway changes” (n = 11, 36.7%), “uncomfortable occlusion” (n = 8, 26.7%), “other complications” (n = 5, 16.7%), and “temporomandibular disorder” (n = 4, 13.3%). Less than half of patients actually underwent reoperation (n = 13, 43.3%). Actual reoperation procedures included minor revision surgery, reconstruction surgery, or complete reoperation according to the patient’s need. In case of complete reoperation, more accurate and predictable results were obtained by using virtual surgical planning, customized surgical guides, titanium surgical plates made with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing technique, and a 3-dimensional printing method.

Conclusion:
It is important to communicate with patients about expectations for facial esthetic improvement by orthognathic surgery for obtaining the patient’s postoperative satisfaction.
A Digestive Cartridge Reduces Parenteral Nutrition Dependence and Increases Bowel Growth in a Piglet Short Bowel Model
Authors: Tsikis Savas T. , Fligor Scott C. , Hirsch Thomas I. , Mitchell Paul D. , Pan Amy , Moskowitzova Kamila , Whitlock Ashlyn E. , Loring Greta , First Eric , Nedder Arthur , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To determine whether the use of an immobilized lipase cartridge (ILC) to hydrolyze fats in enteral nutrition (EN) reduces parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence in a porcine model of short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF).

Background:
SBS-IF occurs after intestinal loss resulting in malabsorption and PN dependence. Limited therapeutic options are available for achieving enteral autonomy.

Methods:
Eleven Yorkshire piglets underwent 75% jejunoileal resection and were randomized into control (n=6) and treatment (n = 5) groups. PN was initiated postoperatively and reduced as EN advanced if predefined clinical criteria were fulfilled. Animals were studied for 14 days and changes in PN/EN calories were assessed. Intestinal adaptation, absorption, and nutrition were evaluated at the end of the study (day 15). Comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline.

Results:
ILC animals demonstrated a 19% greater reduction in PN calories (P < 0.0001) and higher mean EN advancement (66% vs 47% of total calories, P < 0.0001) during the 14-day experiment. Treatment animals had increased intestinal length (19.5 vs 0.7%, P=0.03) and 1.9-fold higher crypt cell proliferation (P=0.02) compared with controls. By day 15, ILC treatment resulted in higher plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2 (P = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid (P < 0.0001), docosahexaenoic acid (P = 0.004), vitamin A (P = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.02), and high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.04). There were no differences in liver enzymes or total bilirubin between the two groups.

Conclusions:
ILC use in conjunction with enteral feeding reduced PN dependence, improved nutrient absorption, and increased bowel growth in a porcine SBS-IF model. These results support a potential role for the ILC in clinical SBS-IF.
Comparison Between Terminal or Preterminal Conditioning of Donor Livers by Ex Situ Machine Perfusion
Authors: von Horn Charlotte , Lüer Bastian , Malkus Laura , Minor Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Background.
The successful implementation of end-ischemic normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) into clinical practice comes along with unusual demands for trained personnel and technical facilities in the implantation clinic. This creates an interest to bundle expertise and professional equipment for execution of MP at regional pump centers at the disadvantage of adding a second short period of cold preservation while sending the reconditioned grafts to the actual implant clinic. Differences of liver recovery upon reperfusion either immediately after NMP or after 3 h of cold storage subsequent to NMP should therefore be evaluated.

Methods.
Rat livers were cold stored for 18 h, subjected to 2 h of NMP, and then either directly evaluated by ex vivo reperfusion or exposed to a second cold storage period of 3 h to simulate transport from the hub center to the implant clinic. Livers stored for 18 h by cold storage only served as controls.

Results.
Both MP regimens significantly reduced hepatic enzyme release and improved bile production, clearance of lactate, and energetic recovery compared with the controls. However, no differences were seen between the 2 MP groups.

Conclusions.
The study provides first evidence that machine perfusion at regional perfusion centers may be a safe and economical alternative to the widespread individual efforts in the respective implantation clinics.
Evaluating the genetic interaction effects of gut microbiome and diet on the risk of neuroticism in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: He Dan , Wang Xi , Ye Jing , Yao Yao , Wen Yan , Jia Yumeng , Meng Peilin , Yang Xuena , Wu Cuiyan , Ning Yujie , Wang Sen , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
In this study designed to investigate the effect of diet and gut microbiome on neuropsychiatric disorders, we explored the mechanisms of the interaction between diet and gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism.

Methods
First, using the individual genotype data from the UK Biobank cohort (N = 306 165), we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 814 dietary habits single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 21 diet compositions SNPs and 1001 gut microbiome SNPs, respectively. Gut microbiome and diet-associated SNPs were collected from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including the gut microbiome (N = 3890), diet compositions (over 235 000 subjects) and dietary habits (N = 449 210). The neuroticism score was calculated by 12 questions from the Eysenck Personality Inventory Neuroticism scale. Then, regression analysis was performed to evaluate the interaction effects between diet and the gut microbiome on the risk of neuroticism.

Results
Our studies demonstrated multiple candidate interactions between diet and gut microbiome, such as protein vs. Bifidobacterium (β = 4.59 × 10−3; P = 9.45 × 10−3) and fat vs. Clostridia (β = 3.67 × 10−3; P = 3.90 × 10−2). In addition, pieces of fresh fruit per day vs. Ruminococcus (β = −5.79 × 10−3, P = 1.10 × 10−3) and pieces of dried fruit per day vs. Clostridiales (β = −5.63 × 10−3, P = 1.49 × 10−3) were found to be negatively associated with neuroticism in fruit types. We also identified several positive interactions, such as tablespoons of raw vegetables per day vs. Veillonella (β = 5.92 × 10−3, P = 9.21 × 10−4) and cooked vegetables per day vs. Acidaminococcaceae (β = 5.69 × 10−3, P = 1.24 × 10−3).

Conclusions
Our results provide novel clues for understanding the roles of diet and gut microbiome in the development of neuroticism.
Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1 after four vaccinations and the impact of break-through infections in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Platen Louise , Liao Bo-Hung , Tellenbach Myriam , Cheng Cho-Chin , Holzmann-Littig Christopher , Christa Catharina , Dächert Christopher , Kappler Verena , Bester Romina , Werz Maia Lucia , Schönhals Emely , Platen Eva , Eggerer Peter , Tréguer Laëtitia , Küchle Claudius , Schmaderer Christoph , Heemann Uwe , Keppler Oliver T. , Renders Lutz , Braunisch Matthias Christoph , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals on hemodialysis are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population due to end-stage kidney disease-induced immunosuppression.Methods26 hemodialysis patients experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection after 3rdvaccination were matched 1:1 to 26 out of 92 SARS-CoV-2 naïves by age, sex, dialysis vintage and immunosuppressive drugs receiving a 4thvaccination with an mRNA-based vaccine. A competitive surrogate neutralization assay was used to monitor vaccination success. To determine infection neutralization titers, Vero-E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC), Omicron sub-lineage BA.1, BA.5, and BQ.1.1. 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50, serum dilution factor 1:x) was determined before, four weeks after and 6 months after the 4thvaccination.Results52 hemodialysis patients received four COVID-19 vaccinations and were followed up for a median of 6.3 months. Patient characteristics did not differ between the matched cohorts. Patients without a SARS-CoV-2 infection had a significant reduction of real virus neutralization capacity for all Omicron sub-lineages after six months (p<0.001 each). Those patients with a virus infection did not experience a reduction of real virus neutralization capacity after six months. Compared to the other Omicron VoC the BQ.1.1 sub-lineage had the lowest virus neutralization capacity.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2-naïve hemodialysis patients had significantly decreased virus neutralization capacity six months after the 4thvaccination whereas patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection had no change in neutralization capacity. This was independent of age, sex, dialysis vintage and immunosuppression. Therefore, in infection-naïve hemodialysis patients a fifth COVID-19 vaccination might be reasonable 6 months after the 4thvaccination.
Predicting Functional Dependency in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A TBI-Model Systems and TRACK-TBI Study
Authors: Snider Samuel B. , Temkin Nancy R. , Barber Jason , Edlow Brian L. , Giacino Joseph T. , Hammond Flora M. , Izzy Saef , Kowalski Robert G. , Markowitz Amy J. , Rovito Craig A. , Shih Shirley L. , Zafonte Ross D. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Bodien Yelena G. ,   The TRACK-TBI Investigators
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTImportanceThere are currently no models that predict long-term functional dependency in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).ObjectiveFit, test, and externally validate a prediction model for 1-year dependency in patients with DoC 2 or more weeks after TBI.DesignSecondary analysis of patients enrolled in TBI Model Systems (TBI-MS, 1988-2020, Discovery Sample) or Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI, 2013-2018, Validation Sample) and followed 1-year post-injury.SettingMulti-center study at USA rehabilitation hospitals (TBI-MS) and acute care hospitals (TRACK-TBI).ParticipantsAdults with TBI who were not following commands at rehabilitation admission (TBI-MS; days post-injury vary) or 2-weeks post-injury (TRACK-TBI).ExposuresIn the TBI-MS database (model fitting and testing), we screened demographic, radiological, clinical variables, and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) item scores for association with the primary outcome.Main OutcomeThe primary outcome was death or complete functional dependency at 1-year post-injury, defined using a DRS-based binary measure (DRSDepend), indicating need for assistance with all activities and concomitant cognitive impairment.ResultsIn the TBI-MS Discovery Sample, 1,960 subjects (mean age 40 [18] years, 76% male, 68% white) met inclusion criteria and 406 (27%) were dependent at 1-year post-injury. A dependency prediction model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.79 [0.74, 0.85], positive predictive value of 53%, and negative predictive value of 86% for dependency in a held-out TBI-MS Testing cohort. Within the TRACK-TBI external validation sample (N=124, age 40 [16], 77% male, 81% white), a model modified to remove variables not collected in TRACK-TBI, had an AUROC of 0.66 [0.53, 0.79], equivalent to the gold-standard IMPACTcore+CTscore (0.68; 95% AUROC difference CI: -0.2 to 0.2, p=0.8).Conclusions and RelevanceWe used the largest existing cohort of patients with DoC after TBI to develop, test and externally validate a prediction model of 1-year dependency. The model’s sensitivity and negative predictive value were greater than specificity and positive predictive value. Accuracy was diminished in an external sample, but equivalent to the best-available models. Further research is needed to improve dependency prediction in patients with DoC after TBI.
Evaluation of The Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised in Menopausal Population: Understanding the Brain Fog During Menopause
Authors: Zhu Chen , Thomas Elizabeth HX , Li Qi , Arunogiri Shalini , Thomas Natalie , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionBrain fog (i.e., memory complaints and concentration difficulties) is frequently reported during the menopausal transition. There is lack of standardized scales available to measure brain fog across the menopause transition. This study aimed to evaluate the factor structure of the Everyday Memory Questionnaire-Revised (EMQ-R) and to determine the most commonly reported everyday cognitive symptoms in a menopausal population.Methods417 females, including 107 pre-menopausal, 149 peri-menopausal, and 161 early post-menopausal, met criteria and were included in the analyses. Memory and attention related symptoms were measured using the EMQ-R. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the model fit of the bifactor structure (attentional and retrieval) of the EMQ-R in menopausal populations and evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha test. One way ANOVA and MANCOVA were used to investigate the group differences of individual items and two subscales.ResultsCFA indicated that the bifactor model (retrievalandattentional) of the EMQ-R has a good fit in all three groups. A significant difference (with the highest mean score observed in peri-menopausal group) was identified in the retrieval subscale score (F=3.17,p=0.043) but not in the attentional subscale or total scores amongst the three groups. Items (1, 3, 5) related to daily information retrieval problems were significantly reported in the peri-menopausal group.DiscussionThe EMQ-R serves as an instrument to measure memory and attention symptoms, referred to as ‘brain fog’ in menopause. Increased memory retrieval complaints reported by peri-menopausal group suggests a transition-related memory retrieval dysfunction during menopausal transition.