bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial multispecies interaction mechanisms dictate biogeographic arrangement between the oral commensals
Corynebacterium matruchotii
and
Streptococcus mitis
Authors: Almeida Eric , Puri Surendra , Labossiere Alex , Elangovan Subashini , Kim Jiyeon , Ramsey Matthew 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Polymicrobial biofilms are present in many environments particularly in the human oral cavity where they can prevent or facilitate the onset of disease. While recent advances have provided a clear picture of both the constituents and their biogeographic arrangement, it is still unclear what mechanisms of interaction occur between individual species in close proximity within these communities. In this study, we investigated two mechanisms of interaction between the highly abundant supragingival plaque (SUPP) commensal
Corynebacterium matruchotii
and
Streptococcus mitis
which are directly adjacent/attached
in vivo
. We discovered that
C. matruchotii
enhanced the fitness of streptococci dependent on its ability to detoxify streptococcal-produced hydrogen peroxide and its ability to oxidize lactate also produced by streptococci. We demonstrate that the fitness of adjacent streptococci was linked to that of
C. matruchotii
and that these mechanisms support the previously described “corncob” arrangement between these species but that this is favorable only in aerobic conditions. Furthermore, we utilized scanning electrochemical microscopy to quantify lactate production and consumption between individual bacterial cells for the first time, revealing that lactate oxidation provides a fitness benefit to
S. mitis
not due to pH mitigation. This study describes mechanistic interactions between two highly abundant human commensals that can explain their observed
in vivo
spatial arrangements and suggest a way by which they may help preserve a healthy oral bacterial community.

IMPORTANCE

As the microbiome era matures, the need for mechanistic interaction data between species is crucial to understand how stable microbiomes are preserved, especially in healthy conditions where the microbiota could help resist opportunistic or exogenous pathogens. Here we reveal multiple mechanisms of interaction between two commensals that dictate their biogeographic relationship to each other in previously described structures in human supragingival plaque. Using a novel variation for chemical detection, we observed metabolite exchange between individual bacterial cells in real time validating the ability of these organisms to carry out metabolic crossfeeding at distal and temporal scales observed
in vivo
. These findings reveal one way by which these interactions are both favorable to the interacting commensals and potentially the host.
Very early life microbiome and metabolome correlates with primary vaccination variability in children
Authors: Shaffer Michael , Best Katharine , Tang Catherine , Liang Xue , Schulz Steven , Gonzalez Eduardo , White Cory H. , Wyche Thomas P. , Kang John , Wesseling Hendrik , Topçuoğlu Begüm D. , Cairns Thomas , Sana Theodore R. , Kaufhold Robin M. , Maritz Julia M. , Woelk Christopher H. , Swaminathan Gokul , Norton James E. , Pichichero Michael E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Despite multiple vaccine doses early in life, a substantial proportion of infants do not mount protective responses. In this study, we followed a cohort of children over the first 2 years of life, collecting microbiome and metabolome data longitudinally to investigate correlates of lower and higher responses to primary vaccinations. We found that the stool and nasopharyngeal microbiome developed with age, though demonstrated divergent timing and patterns in maturation. When measured at child age 2 months, evenness of genera in the stool microbiome correlated with lower vaccine responses, upregulated metabolome genes that encode for lipid A biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation correlated with higher vaccine responses, and abundance of phenylpyruvic acid in serum correlated with lower vaccine responses, measured 10 months later. Antibiotic exposure was associated with low vaccine response, and microbiome/metabolome features at child age 2 months, before childhood vaccinations commenced, correlated with variations in vaccine responses measured at child age 1 year. These results indicate that there may be potential to intervene before first childhood vaccinations to improve later protection.

IMPORTANCE
We show that simultaneous study of stool and nasopharyngeal microbiome reveals divergent timing and patterns of maturation, suggesting that local mucosal factors may influence microbiome composition in the gut and respiratory system. Antibiotic exposure in early life as occurs commonly, may have an adverse effect on vaccine responsiveness. Abundance of gut and/or nasopharyngeal bacteria with the machinery to produce lipopolysaccharide—a toll-like receptor 4 agonist—may positively affect future vaccine protection, potentially by acting as a natural adjuvant. The increased levels of serum phenylpyruvic acid in infants with lower vaccine-induced antibody levels suggest an increased abundance of hydrogen peroxide, leading to more oxidative stress in low vaccine-responding infants.
Mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: secondary analysis of WHO community survey across four countries
Authors: Guure Chris , Aviisah Philomina Akandity , Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Mehrtash Hedieh , Aderoba Adeniyi Kolade , Irinyenikan Theresa Azonima , Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Adeyanju Olusoji , Maung Thae Maung , Tunçalp Özge , Maya Ernest 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of disability globally with estimated prevalence of approximately 20% in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with PPD following mistreatment during facility-based childbirth.MethodThis secondary analysis used data from the community survey of postpartum women in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria for the WHO study, ‘How women are treated during facility-based childbirth’. PPD was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. Inferential analyses were done using the generalised ordered partial proportional odds model.ResultsOf the 2672 women, 39.0% (n=1041) developed PPD. 42.2% and 5.2% of mistreated women developed minimal/mild PPD and moderate/severe PPD, respectively. 43.0% and 50.6% of women who experienced verbal abuse and stigma/discrimination, respectively developed minimal/mild PPD. 46.3% of women who experienced physical abuse developed minimal/mild PPD while 7.6% of women who experienced stigma/discrimination developed moderate/severe PPD. In the adjusted model, women who were physically abused, verbally abused and stigma/discrimination compared with those who were not were more likely to experience any form of PPD ((OR: 1.57 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.06)), (OR: 1.42 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.69)) and (OR: 1.69 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.78))), respectively. Being single and having higher education were associated with reduced odds of experiencing PPD.ConclusionPPD was significantly prevalent among women who experienced mistreatment during childbirth. Women who were single, and had higher education had lower odds of PPD. Countries should implement women-centred policies and programmes to reduce mistreatment of women and improve women’s postnatal experiences.
Qualitative evidence regarding the experience of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Gronholm Petra C , Makhmud Akerke , Barbui Corrado , Brohan Elaine , Chowdhary Neerja 
Published: August 2023

QuestionThis review of reviews synthesises qualitative evidence on the experiences of receiving and providing care and treatment for mental health conditions in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the factors that influence the provision and uptake of such services.Study selection and analysisDatabase searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, African Index Medicus and Global Index Medicus, supplemented by screening repositories of systematic reviews protocols and contacting authors. The evidence synthesis drew on deductive and inductive approaches: a framework analysis approach was used for the initial coding structure, after which the results synthesis was refined further through reviewing and regrouping the initial coding through thematic synthesis principles.FindingsNine reviews met inclusion criteria and reported on a range of factors related to the provision and uptake of mental healthcare by non-specialist health workers in LMICs: (1) health worker competency, (2) availability of resources, (3) recipient-related and provider-related characteristics, (4) service accessibility, (5) sociocultural acceptability and (6) vulnerable groups for whom barrier to care were potentially exacerbated.ConclusionsThis review provides nuanced and contextualised insights regarding the experiences of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in LMICs, including barriers influencing service provision and uptake. It is important to ensure mental healthcare in non-specialist settings in LMICs is delivered in a manner which is feasible, acceptable and culturally appropriate in order to improve access to care, reducing stigma and promoting better overall health and well-being for individuals and communities.
EphA2 Proteolytic Fragment as a Sensitive Diagnostic Biomarker for Very Early-stage Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Sato Shinya , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Terashima Takeshi , Morinaga Soichiro , Miyagi Yohei , Yoshida Eisaku , Yoshimura Toru , Seiki Motoharu , Kaneko Shuichi , Ueno Makoto , Yamashita Taro , Koshikawa Naohiko 
Published: August 2023

Cleavage of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) triggers malignant progression and yields an N-terminal fragment (EphA2-NF) detectable in sera from patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma. We established a quantitative automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for EphA2-NF and evaluated serum EphA2-NF levels as a biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma in the test and validation cohorts. The EphA2-NF value was elevated (above the cutoff: mean ± SD) in more than half of the patients with stage I/II pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Among patients receiving standard chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma [gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP)], the median survival time of patients with elevated serum EphA2-NF was half that of patients with values below the cutoff. Patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), a precancerous pancreatic ductal carcinoma lesion, also show high serum EphA2 levels, which are associated with an increase in pancreatic duct size and the development of pancreatic ductal carcinoma in some cases. IHC showed loss of EphA2-NF staining in IPMN with pancreatic ductal carcinoma, but not in the normal epithelium or IPMN without pancreatic ductal carcinoma, regardless of the histologic grade. These results suggest that EphA2 cleavage is an essential event that occurs very early in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development, and that the consequent release of EphA2-NF can be detected in the serum. Thus, serum EphA2-NF could be a diagnostic biomarker for very early-stage pancreatic ductal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and as a prognostic biomarker after chemotherapy with GnP.

Significance:
EphA2 N-terminus deletion is involved in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and EphA2-NF produced by cleavage can be used as a serum biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma and predict pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN.
Pai e Filho (Av Uvnô), de Yehuda Steinberg
Authors: Steinberg Gabriel 
Published: August 2023

Seguindo o percurso de aproximar o leitor no Brasil a textos literários publicados nas últimas décadas do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX por escritores em Língua Hebraica na Europa, este texto apresenta a tradução do conto Pai e Filho, de Yehuda Steinberg. Steinberg nasceu em 1863 na cidade de Lipcani, na atual República da Moldávia, que no século XIX fazia parte do Império Russo. Considerado um dos grandes escritores em língua íidiche, acabou aderindo ao renascimento da Língua Hebraica, corrente impulsionada pelo despertar do movimento sionista. Veio a falecer em 1908, em Odessa, na Ucrânia, cidade que se tinha transformado num dos mais vibrantes centros da intelectualidade judaica e um dos centros de produção de literatura em Língua Hebraica na Europa no início do século XX.
Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction With Low Ejection Fraction: Insights From PARADISE‐MI
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Jering Karola S. , Cikes Maja , Tokmakova Mariya P. , Mehran Roxana , Han Yaling , East Cara , Mody Freny Vaghaiwalla , Wang Yi , Lewis Eldrin F. , Claggett Brian , McMurray John J. V. , Granger Christopher B. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Studies demonstrated sex differences in outcomes following acute myocardial infarction, with women more likely to develop heart failure (HF). Sacubitril/valsartan has been shown to reduce cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

A total of 5661 patients (1363 women [24%]) with acute myocardial infarction complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40%), pulmonary congestion, or both and ≥1 of 8 risk‐augmenting factors were randomized to receive sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death or incident HF. Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and safety events were compared according to sex, a prespecified subgroup. Female participants were older and had more comorbidities. After multivariable adjustment, women and men were at similar risks for cardiovascular death or all‐cause death. Women were more likely to have first HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.05–1.70];
P
=0.02) and total HF hospitalizations (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05–1.84];
P
=0.02). Sex did not significantly modify the treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared with ramipril on the primary outcome (
P
for interaction=0.11).

Conclusions
In contemporary patients who presented with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary congestion, or both, following acute myocardial infarction, women had a higher incidence of HF during follow‐up. Sex did not modify the treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan relative to ramipril.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02924727.
Dynamics of Aphelenchoides besseyi in different rice cultivars
Authors: Yang Fang , Xie Jialian , Zhang Mei , Wu Hanlin , Peng Yunliang , Ji Hongli 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Aphelenchoides besseyi is among the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes and causes severe loss, mainly on japonica rice in China. Recently the nematode has been found to be present in the seeds of indica rice and the hybrid rice cultivars also show symptoms of the nematode damage. To understand the variations in different rice cultivars against A. besseyi, the dynamics of nematode population, the incidence of symptoms and the effects on plant yield were investigated in field experiments during 2017-2018 by inoculation of mixed stages of A. besseyi onto the seeds and seedlings of different types of rice cultivars. The results showed few nematodes could be recovered from the plants at the seedling and the end of tillering stages in all the cultivars. After flowering, the number of nematodes per panicle increased and the highest number was found in ‘Zheyou 18’ in 2017 (1050.2) and 2018 (732.1). The average incidence of the inoculated plants showing white-tip symptoms ranged from 0.5 to 10.3% and from 0.0 to 75.7% at the tillering stage in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The incidences of white-tip symptoms in the indica cultivars, including ‘9311’, ‘Minghui 63’ and ‘Nei 5 you 39’, were significantly lower than in ‘Xingxiang’, a japonica cultivar and ‘Zheyou 18’, a hybrid rice cultivar, both at the flowering stage in 2017 and at the end of the tillering stage in 2018. A strong interaction of the treatments and cultivars on the 1000-grain weight and panicle length was evident.
The Lukan Lord’s Prayer
Authors: Wilson Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Lord’s Prayer is one of the most familiar scriptural texts in Christendom, recited regularly by believers around the world. Because the Matthean text of the prayer is used liturgically, Luke’s version is often neglected. Not only is it one-third shorter, but the Lukan text is also situated differently in the context of Jesus’ ministry. Both versions evidence a prominent tautology in the English translations of the fourth petition. This petition also has a notorious hapax legomenon first noted by Origen. The article first discusses these features of the Lord’s Prayer in Luke. It then elucidates the context of Luke’s version by noting that it is set within a larger pericope that repeatedly emphasizes the Holy Spirit. Because of this emphasis, the Lord’s Prayer in Luke should be interpreted using a pneumatological reading.
Viewing Weather as the Expression of Climate
Authors: Seitter Keith L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is common when speaking colloquially to describe climate as the average weather, which implies weather is the driver and climatic averages are a passive by-product of it, but it is useful to reframe this toward weather being the “expression” of climate. That is, a region’s climate defines the range of weather it might experience (including the extent and frequency of extremes). In this framing, weather is driven by a region’s climate. A changing climate then, necessarily, is experienced as a change in local weather events—often most visibly through changes in the extent or frequency of extreme weather.
Revisiting Environmental Wind and Moisture Calculations in the Context of Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Authors: Nebylitsa Samantha , Majumdar Sharanya J. , Nolan David S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Deep-layer vertical wind shear and midtropospheric relative humidity (RH) are explored in and around environments of all intensifying North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) between 1980 and 2021 using reanalysis data. Shear and RH are averaged within the standard environmental annulus of 200–800 km, along with a 100–600-km annulus, and a 0–250-km radius to represent the inner core and TC itself. Distributions of shear and RH at onset along with a time series of evolution from 48 h prior to and after onset of three different intensification rates, slight [5–10 kt (24 h)−1; 1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1], moderate [15–25 kt (24 h)−1], and rapid [≥30 kt (24 h)−1], are analyzed. RH is also investigated within different shear environments and in shear-relative quadrants around the storm. While low shear and high RH are found to be most favorable for rapid intensification (RI), there is still a significant probability that RI will occur within less favorable environments. RI cases decrease in 850–200-hPa shear in the 24 h leading up to RI, whereas slight intensification cases increase, which is evident in both the standard shear and a shallower layer at 48 h prior to onset. The inner-core RH for RI increases prior to onset whereas it decreases in the environments. RH analysis by shear-relative quadrants demonstrates the importance of moistening in the upshear-right quadrant before onset of RI. Results indicate the potential value of multiple annuli and shear-relative analysis for moisture and a shallower, 925–400-hPa layer for shear in RI forecasting.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study was to investigate the wind and moisture around different areas of intensifying North Atlantic tropical cyclones between 1980 and 2021 using reanalysis data. Average wind and moisture evolve differently around the onset of different intensification rates as well as in different near and far regions from the storm center. These results provide additional indicators that forecasters may consider when examining how the environment around the storm and the situation in the inner core may influence its future intensity.
Social Protections and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Rodrigues Viviane Isabela , Reis Carlos Nelson dos 
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a socioeconomic catastrophe on the region with the highest rate of inequality in the world, Latin America. Never before have social protections (especially in public health) become so important and so demanded by large sections of society. A study of the social protection systems of some of the most important Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) in the light of the observed ideopolitical alternation between progressive and conservative governments reveals how the sociopolitical environment gave rise to a neoconservative cycle that, in combination with the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the decay of these systems and the recognition of their importance. A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma catástrofe socioeconômica na região com o maior índice de desigualdade do mundo, a América Latina. Nunca antes as proteções sociais (especialmente da saúde pública) se tornaram tão importantes e tão exigidas por grandes setores da sociedade. Um estudo dos sistemas de proteção social de alguns dos mais importantes países latino-americanos (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai) à luz da alternância ideopolítica observada entre governos progressistas e conservadores revela como o ambiente sociopolítico deu origem a um ciclo neoconservador que, em combinação com a pandemia de COVID-19, resultou na decadência desses sistemas e no reconhecimento de sua importância.
Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Breast Cancer Incidence Among Women in Canada
Authors: Tweel Madeline , Johnston Grace M. , Hajizadeh Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in Canada. This study examines trends in socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of breast cancer in Canada over time from 1992 to 2010. Methods A census division level dataset was constructed using the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Census of the Population and National Household Survey. A summary measure of the Concentration index (C), which captures inequality across socioeconomic groups, was used to measure income and education inequalities in breast cancer incidence over the 19-year period. Results The crude breast cancer incidence increased in Canada between 1992 and 2010. Age-standardized C values indicated no income or education inequalities in breast cancer incidence in the years from 1992 to 2004. However, the incidence was significantly concentrated among females in high income and highly educated neighbourhoods almost half the time in the 6 most recent years (2005–2010). The trend analysis indicated an increase in breast cancer incidence among females living in high income and highly educated neighbourhoods. Conclusion Breast cancer incidence in Canada was associated with increased socioeconomic status in some more recent years. Our study findings provide previously unavailable empirical evidence to inform discussions on socioeconomic inequalities in breast incidence.