bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction between the lemon ribosomal protein ClRPS9‐2 and citrus yellow vein clearing virus coat protein affects viral infection and gene silencing suppressor activity
Authors: Zeng Ting , Liao Ping , Zheng Cairong , Gao Haixing , Ye Xiao , Zhou Changyong , Zhou Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCitrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is an emerging virus that causes serious economic damage to the lemon industry worldwide. The coat protein (CP) of CYVCV is a strong RNA silencing suppressor and is associated with the severity of symptoms in citrus, yet the interaction between CP and host factors remains unknown. In this study, the 40S ribosomal subunit protein S9‐2 (ClRPS9‐2) was identified as a CP‐binding partner using the yeast two‐hybrid system from a lemon (cv. Eureka) cDNA library, and the interaction between CP and ClRPS9‐2 was demonstrated by in vivo methods. The results suggest that the N‐terminal 8–108 amino acid sequence of ClRPS9‐2 is crucial for its interaction with CP and may be associated with the nuclear localization of ClRPS9‐2. The accumulation and silencing suppressor activity of CP were reduced by transient expression of ClRPS9‐2 in Nicotiana benthamiana. Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR analysis showed that the content of CYVCV in ClRPS9‐2 transgenic Eureka lemon plants was approximately 50% of that in CYVCV‐infected wild‐type plants 1 month after inoculation, and mild yellowing and vein clearing symptoms were observed in the transgenic plants. These findings demonstrate that ClRPS9‐2 plays a role in host defensive reactions, and the enhanced resistance of transgenic plants to CYVCV may be associated with the up‐regulation of salicylic acid‐related and R genes.
Quality of life in women with chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: A sub‐analysis of the prospective multicentre phase IIb/III Prof‐001 study
Authors: Lietz Andrea , Eckel Fanny , Kiss Herbert , Noe‐Letschnig Marion , Farr Alex 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC), defined as three or more episodes of vulvovaginal candidosis per year, significantly impairs quality of life (QoL) and sexual health.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess health‐related QoL in women with RVVC using validated questionnaires before and after treatment. The secondary objective was to analyse the effect of RVVC on women's sexual health.Patients/MethodsThis was a sub‐analysis of a randomised, controlled, double‐blinded study titled ‘A phase IIb/III, parallel‐arm, randomized, active‐controlled, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multicenter, non‐inferiority study in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis to compare the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of topically administered ProF‐001 (Candiplus®) to oral fluconazole, which was conducted at 35 study sites in Austria, Poland and Slovakia. QoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life (EQ) five‐dimension five‐level scale (EQ‐5D‐5L) and visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS) questionnaires, followed by specific questions regarding sexuality.ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021, 360 of 432 (83.3%) women with RVVC had accomplished a 6‐months maintenance treatment and were enrolled in this sub‐analysis. The EQ‐5D‐5L and EQ‐VAS scores demonstrated improved QoL in 137 (65.2%) and 159 (75.4%) women after 6 months of maintenance treatment. Each individual aspect of sexual health significantly improved (all p < .05). A reduction in pain frequency during or after sexual intercourse in the 6‐month period occurred in 124 (66.3%) women.ConclusionsWomen with RVVC had high QoL and sexual health impairment; however, a 6‐months maintenance treatment resulted in effective improvement in QoL and sexual health.
Carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy for residual significant stenosis after thrombectomy in acute tandem occlusion stroke?
Authors: Cappellari Manuel , Zivelonghi Cecilia , Micheletti Nicola , Mezzetto Luca , Augelli Raffaelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 82‐year‐old male presented with right‐sided hemiplegia and aphasia. CT‐scan showed hyperdensity of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). CT‐angiography revealed occlusion of the left MCA and intra‐cranial internal carotid artery (ICA) in combination with occlusion of the left extra‐cranial ICA. Complete recanalization of intra‐cranial vessels was obtained after thrombectomy within 6 h from symptom onset, but residual significant extra‐cranial stenosis remained. Non‐contrast CT‐scan after thrombectomy revealed large hyperdensities secondary to contrast extravasation in the left MCA territory. Residual extra‐cranial ICA stenosis was not treated with emergent stenting. At 24 h, NIHSS score was 0, but follow‐up CT‐scan showed an ischemic lesion with spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation. A single antiplatelet treatment was reintroduced after 24 h and carotid endarterectomy was done without complications after 2 weeks.
Expression of symptoms elicited by a hammerhead viroid through RNA silencing is related to population bottlenecks in the infected host
Authors: Serra Pedro , Navarro Beatriz , Forment Javier , Gisel Andreas , Gago‐Zachert Selma , Di Serio Francesco , Flores Ricardo 
Published: May 2023

Summary

Chlorosis is frequently incited by viroids, small nonprotein‐coding, circular RNAs replicating in nuclei (family Pospiviroidae) or chloroplasts (family Avsunviroidae). Here, we investigated how chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd, Avsunviroidae) colonizes, evolves and initiates disease.

Progeny variants of natural and mutated CChMVd sequence variants inoculated in chrysanthemum plants were characterized, and plant responses were assessed by molecular assays.

We showed that: chlorotic mottle induced by CChMVd reflects the spatial distribution and evolutionary behaviour in the infected host of pathogenic (containing a UUUC tetranucleotide) and nonpathogenic (lacking such a pathogenic determinant) variants; and RNA silencing is involved in the initiation of the chlorosis in symptomatic leaf sectors through a viroid‐derived small RNA containing the pathogenic determinant that directs AGO1‐mediated cleavage of the mRNA encoding the chloroplastic transketolase.

This study provides the first evidence that colonization of leaf tissues by CChMVd is characterized by segregating variant populations differing in pathogenicity and with the ability to colonize leaf sectors (bottlenecks) and exclude other variants (superinfection exclusion). Importantly, no specific pathogenic viroid variants were found in the chlorotic spots caused by chrysanthemum stunt viroid (Pospiviroidae), thus establishing a clear distinction on how members of the two viroid families trigger chlorosis in the same host.
Components explain, but do eddy fluxes constrain? Carbon budget of a nitrogen‐fertilized boreal Scots pine forest
Authors: Marshall John D. , Tarvainen Lasse , Zhao Peng , Lim Hyungwoo , Wallin Göran , Näsholm Torgny , Lundmark Tomas , Linder Sune , Peichl Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Nitrogen (N) fertilization increases biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in boreal pine forests, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. At two Scots pine sites, one undergoing annual N fertilization and the other a reference, we sought to explain these responses.
We measured component fluxes, including biomass production, SOC accumulation, and respiration, and summed them into carbon budgets. We compared the resulting summations to ecosystem fluxes measured by eddy covariance.
N fertilization increased most component fluxes (P < 0.05), especially SOC accumulation (20×). Only fine‐root, mycorrhiza, and exudate production decreased, by 237 (SD = 28) g C m−2 yr−1. Stemwood production increases were ascribed to this partitioning shift, gross primary production (GPP), and carbon‐use efficiency, in that order. The methods agreed in their estimates of GPP in both stands (P > 0.05), but the components detected an increase in net ecosystem production (NEP) (190 (54) g C m−2 yr−1; P < 0.01) that eddy covariance did not (19 (62) g C m−2 yr−1; ns).
The pairing of plots, the simplicity of the sites, and the strength of response provide a compelling description of N effects on the C budget. However, the disagreement between methods calls for further paired tests of N fertilization effects in simple forest ecosystems.
Peat loss collocates with a threshold in plant–mycorrhizal associations in drained peatlands encroached by trees
Authors: Defrenne Camille E. , Moore Jessica A. M. , Tucker Colin L. , Lamit Louis J. , Kane Evan S. , Kolka Randall K. , Chimner Rodney A. , Keller Jason K. , Lilleskov Erik A. 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Drainage‐induced encroachment by trees may have major effects on the carbon balance of northern peatlands, and responses of microbial communities are likely to play a central mechanistic role.
We profiled the soil fungal community and estimated its genetic potential for the decay of lignin and phenolics (class II peroxidase potential) along peatland drainage gradients stretching from interior locations (undrained, open) to ditched locations (drained, forested).
Mycorrhizal fungi dominated the community across the gradients. When moving towards ditches, the dominant type of mycorrhizal association abruptly shifted from ericoid mycorrhiza to ectomycorrhiza at c. 120 m from the ditches. This distance corresponded with increased peat loss, from which more than half may be attributed to oxidation. The ectomycorrhizal genus Cortinarius dominated at the drained end of the gradients and its relatively higher genetic potential to produce class II peroxidases (together with Mycena) was positively associated with peat humification and negatively with carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio.
Our study is consistent with a plant–soil feedback mechanism, driven by a shift in the mycorrhizal type of vegetation, that potentially mediates changes in aerobic decomposition during postdrainage succession. Such feedback may have long‐term legacy effects upon postdrainage restoration efforts and implication for tree encroachment onto carbon‐rich soils globally.
Psychological impediments are at the core of theIsraeli–Palestinianconflict
Authors: Ben‐Meir Alon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe most puzzling aspect of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict is that, after 73 years of mutual violence, enmity, and suffering, it remains unresolved even when coexistence is inevitable and a two‐state solution remains the only viable option, in the context of a confederation between Israel, a future Palestinian state, and Jordan. Although there are many contentious issues that must be specifically addressed and resolved before a final agreement can be implemented, especially the dispute over the land, it is the psychological dimension of the conflict which directly impacts every conflicting issue and makes it increasingly intractable. To mitigate the conflict, we must first look into the elements that inform the psychological dimension—psychological resistance, historical experience and perception, entrenched ideologies, mutual delegitimization, and religious conviction—and how to alleviate them as prerequisites to finding a solution.Related ArticlesHarel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “Lingual and Educational Policy toward ‘Homeland Minorities’ in Deeply Divided Societies: India and Israel as Case Studies.”Politics & Policy37(5): 951–70.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2009.00206.x.Talal, Olga. 2022. “Bureaucrats as Policy Makers: Minority Accommodation and Exclusion in Ethnic Nation‐states.”Politics & Policy50(6): 1138–54.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12507.Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. “Ethnic Minority Governments, Democracy, and Human Rights.”Politics & Policy43(4): 502–37.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125.
Characterization and fitness of Fusarium graminearum mutants resistant to fluazinam
Authors: Shi Dongya , Li Xin , Cao Yingying , Li Qiankun , Wang Jin , Zhang Zhihui , Mbadianya Jane Ifunanya , Chen Changjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), predominately caused by ascomycete Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto, is a devastating fungal disease of cereal crops worldwide. In this study, baseline sensitivity of F. graminearum s. str. to fluazinam was established using 100 isolates that were collected from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China in 2009 and 2018. The EC50 values of fluazinam on mycelial growth inhibition ranged from 0.0211 to 0.1097 μg/mL and the mean EC50 was 0.0601 ± 0.0191 μg/mL, which indicated that fluazinam had a strong inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of F. graminearum s. str. To acquire fluazinam‐resistant (FluR) mutants, one wild‐type strain (PH‐1, with assembled genome) and another four fluazinam‐sensitive (FluS) isolates randomly selected from the above‐mentioned population were domesticated with fluazinam or mutagenized by ultraviolet light in vitro. As a result, 45 FluR mutants were obtained with resistance frequencies of 0.68% (domestication) and 8 in 10−8 (mutagenesis), respectively. Of the 45 FluR mutants, 11 were selected to determine the biological fitness. Based on data of radial mycelial growth, asexual and sexual reproduction, response to environmental stresses, pathogenicity and deoxynivalenol production, all the tested mutants suffered from a fitness penalty. Additionally, slightly positive cross‐resistance was observed between the combination of fluazinam and tebuconazole, pyraclostrobin, or pydiflumetofen, but not phenamacril or carbendazim. Therefore, a low‐to‐moderate risk of development of F. graminearum s. str. resistant to fluazinam was suggested, indicating that fluazinam could be a good alternative fungicide against the FHB in the field.
Climate change before the European and Inter‐American Courts of Human Rights: Comparing possible avenues before human rights bodies
Authors: Rocha Armando , Sampaio Rômulo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the light of an increasing trend of climate change‐related litigation before human rights bodies, this article assesses and compares the possible outcomes of cases submitted before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR). First, it assesses what rights can be used in a climate change‐related case. Second, it analyses the collective causation arguments that may be raised. Third, it assesses the conditions of victimhood hand‐in‐hand with the causal link between greenhouse gas emissions and the harm suffered. Third, it considers States' jurisdiction under human rights treaties to assess if climate change‐related obligations are also extraterritorial. Finally, it assesses the possible ruling of these courts in climate change‐related cases. Our main finding is that it is likely that the ECtHR and the IACtHR will follow a similar reasoning and that it is possible that both courts will end up declaring a human rights violation related to States' failure to adopt adaptation policies (and, to a lesser extent, mitigation policies also). However, it may be more difficult to set out what remedies are owed to the applicants.
Postgraduate dental resident education: A pilot in age‐friendly “mentation” training
Authors: Arany Szilvia , Eliav Eli , Medina‐Walpole Annette , Caprio Thomas V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePostdoctoral dental education in caring for older adults lacks didactic and clinical training in mentation topics, one of the core elements of the Age‐Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) framework. Our primary goal was to launch a pilot project in clinical geriatrics focusing on older adults' mentation concerns, with a secondary goal to improve dental residents' confidence and competence in dental care and oral health.BackgroundAge‐friendly care elements are not routinely incorporated into the dental education of residents caring for older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia. Therefore, we implemented a pilot educational project, providing the missing educational opportunity for residents in geriatric training covering cognitive impairment and focusing on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Materials and MethodsWe designed educational sessions through a needs assessment, focus group discussions, and expert validation. We developed three e‐Learning modules covering mentation concerns and dementia screening. We tested the modules in a pilot study of 15 dental postdoctoral residents as an essential part of their clinical practice.ResultsThe dementia dental learning module increased the residents' satisfaction with didactic preparedness (4.45 0.97) and knowledge acquisition (4.36 0.84). Residents strongly believed that learning about the AFHS‐mentation topic would improve patient care.ConclusionOur pilot study is a pioneer project in support of a new AFHS‐themed dental curriculum for clinical education. Further expansion of the age‐friendly principles to include mobility, medications, and what matters to older adults will establish a model framework of redesigned geriatric dental education for academic centers.
Mobilization of a diatom mutator‐like element (MULE) transposon inactivates the uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) locus in Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Abbriano Raffaela M. , George Jestin , Kahlke Tim , Commault Audrey S. , Fabris Michele 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYDiatoms are photosynthetic unicellular microalgae that drive global ecological phenomena in the biosphere and are emerging as sustainable feedstock for an increasing number of industrial applications. Diatoms exhibit enormous taxonomic and genetic diversity, which often results in peculiar biochemical and biological traits. Transposable elements (TEs) represent a substantial portion of diatom genomes and have been hypothesized to exert a relevant role in enriching genetic diversity and making a core contribution to genome evolution. Here, through long‐read whole‐genome sequencing, we identified a mutator‐like element (MULE) in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and we report the direct observation of its mobilization within the course of a single laboratory experiment. Under selective conditions, this TE inactivated the uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) gene of P. tricornutum, one of the few endogenous genetic loci currently targeted for selectable auxotrophy for functional genetics and genome‐editing applications. We report the observation of a recently mobilized transposon in diatoms with unique features. These include the combined presence of a MULE transposase with zinc‐finger SWIM‐type domains and a diatom‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase of the zinc‐finger UBR type, which are suggestive of a mobilization mechanism. Our findings provide new elements for the understanding of the role of TEs in diatom genome evolution and in the enrichment of intraspecific genetic variability.
Antioxidant 1 copper chaperone gene expression and copper levels in dog osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Rivera Pedro L. , Li William T. , Bhogal Sumail , Mandell Jonathan B. , Belayneh Rebekah , Hankins Margaret L. , Payne John T. , Watters Rebecca J. , Weiss Kurt R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwenty‐four dogs with OS underwent limb amputation. Serum, OS tumour, and normal bone were harvested at time of surgery. RNA was extracted and gene expression was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Tissue and blood copper concentrations were also determined with spectrophotometry. Compared to bone, tumour samples had significantly higher expressions of antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX1,p = .0003). OS tumour copper levels were significantly higher than that of serum (p < .010) and bone (p = .038). Similar to our previous observations in mouse and human OS, dog OS demonstrates overexpression of genes that regulate copper metabolism (ATOX1), and subsequent copper levels. Dogs with OS may provide a robust comparative oncology platform for the further study of these factors, as well as potential pharmacologic interventions.
Genetic knockout of porcine GGTA1 or CMAH/GGTA1 is associated with the emergence of neo‐glycans
Authors: Morticelli Lucrezia , Rossdam Charlotte , Cajic Samanta , Böthig Dietmar , Magdei Mikhail , Tuladhar Sugat Ratna , Petersen Björn , Fischer Konrad , Rapp Erdmann , Korossis Sotirios , Haverich Axel , Schnieke Angelika , Niemann Heiner , Buettner Falk F. R. , Hilfiker Andres 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPig‐derived tissues could overcome the shortage of human donor organs in transplantation. However, the glycans with terminal α‐Gal and Neu5Gc, which are synthesized by enzymes, encoded by the genes GGTA1 and CMAH, are known to play a major role in immunogenicity of porcine tissue, ultimately leading to xenograft rejection.MethodsThe N‐glycome and glycosphingolipidome of native and decellularized porcine pericardia from wildtype (WT), GGTA1‐KO and GGTA1/CMAH‐KO pigs were analyzed by multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis coupled to laser‐induced fluorescence detection.ResultsWe identified biantennary and core‐fucosylated N‐glycans terminating with immunogenic α‐Gal‐ and α‐Gal‐/Neu5Gc‐epitopes on pericardium of WT pigs that were absent in GGTA1 and GGTA1/CMAH‐KO pigs, respectively. Levels of N‐glycans terminating with galactose bound in β(1‐4)‐linkage to N‐acetylglucosamine and their derivatives elongated by Neu5Ac were increased in both KO groups. N‐glycans capped with Neu5Gc were increased in GGTA1‐KO pigs compared to WT, but were not detected in GGTA1/CMAH‐KO pigs. Similarly, the ganglioside Neu5Gc‐GM3 was found in WT and GGTA1‐KO but not in GGTA1/CMAH‐KO pigs. The applied detergent based decellularization efficiently removed GSL glycans.ConclusionGenetic deletion of GGTA1 or GGTA1/CMAH removes specific epitopes providing a more human‐like glycosylation pattern, but at the same time changes distribution and levels of other porcine glycans that are potentially immunogenic.
Belimumab versus anifrolumab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus: an indirect comparison of clinical response at 52 weeks
Authors: Neupane Binod , Shukla Pragya , Slim Mahmoud , Martin Amber , Petri Michelle , Bertsias George K , Kim Alfred H J , Fanouriakis Antonis , Levy Roger A , Chauhan Deven , Ballew Nick 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo generate comparative efficacy evidence of belimumab versus anifrolumab in SLE that can inform treatment practices.MethodsThe SLE Responder Index (SRI)-4 response at 52 weeks of belimumab versus anifrolumab was evaluated with an indirect treatment comparison. The evidence base consisted of randomised trials that were compiled through a systemic literature review.A feasibility assessment was performed to comprehensively compare the eligible trials and to determine the most appropriate indirect treatment comparison analysis method. A multilevel network meta-regression (ML-NMR) was implemented that adjusted for differences across trials in four baseline characteristics: SLE Disease Activity Index-2K, anti–double-stranded DNA antibody positive, low complement (C)3 and low C4. Additional analyses were conducted to explore if the results were robust to different sets of baseline characteristics included for adjustment, alternative adjustment methods and changes to the trials included in the evidence base.ResultsThe ML-NMR included eight trials: five belimumab trials (BLISS-52, BLISS-76, NEA, BLISS-SC, EMBRACE) and three anifrolumab trials (MUSE, TULIP-1, TULIP-2). Belimumab and anifrolumab were comparable in terms of SRI-4 response (OR (95% credible interval), 1.04 (0.74–1.45)), with the direction of the point estimate slightly favouring belimumab. Belimumab had a 0.58 probability of being the more effective treatment. The results were highly consistent across all analysis scenarios.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the SRI-4 response of belimumab and anifrolumab are similar at 52 weeks in the general SLE population, but the level of uncertainty around the point estimate means we cannot rule out the possibility of a clinically meaningful benefit for either treatment. It remains to be seen if specific groups of patients could derive a greater benefit from anifrolumab or from belimumab, and there is certainly an unmet need to identify robust predictors towards more personalised selection of available biological agents in SLE.