bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with guns: investigating the spatial attraction of gun dealers on localized gun violence
Authors: Griffiths Elizabeth , Xu Jie , Xie Sandy , Stansfield Richard , Semenza Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Test the spatial relationship between the locations of federally licensed firearms dealers (FFLs) and gun violence using shuttered FFLs as a counterfactual.

Methods
Using a quasi-experimental design, we evaluate the proximity of gun violence to (a) dealers and (b) the spatial footprints of former dealers. The locations of violence incidents between 2019 and 2021 in Los Angeles, CA, Dallas, TX, and Philadelphia, PA are analyzed against dealer locations using street Network Cross K methods.

Results
There is a robust attractive effect of dealers on gun violence within 3000 feet in two of the three cities, largely driven by the effect of dealers on violence in disadvantaged areas. The locations of former gun dealers did not uniformly fail to attract gun violence, however, as would be expected if FFLs were causally associated with the distribution of gun violence in cities.

Conclusions
The findings on the spatial attraction of gun violence to the locations of former gun dealers are heterogeneous across sites, leading to mixed support for a causal spatial association between gun dealers and gun violence. Limitations of using former dealers as the counterfactual include defining former dealers and the small numbers of former dealers in cities.
Quantifying future rainfall extremes in Türkiye: a CMIP6 ensemble approach with statistical downscaling
Authors: Tugrul Turker , Oruc Sertac , Gunes Bugra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the projected impacts of climate change on extreme rainfall events across Türkiye, utilizing a 6-high-performer-member ensemble of CMIP6 global climate models under two different shared socioeconomic pathways: SSP2-4.5 (Middle of the Road) and SSP5-8.5 (Fossil-fueled Development—Taking the Highway). We quantified and compared projected changes in the 5-year, 50-year, and 100-year return period values for daily maximum precipitation and examined their spatial and temporal variations. Our findings revealed a consistent intensifying extreme rainfall and increase in the quantile values under both scenarios, with significantly larger increases projected under the high-emission pathway. Under SSP5-8.5, the mean 100-year return level in the far future (2071–2100) is projected to be 30% higher than the historical baseline (1961–2014), reaching a mean of up to 130 mm compared with the historical 100 mm. Under SSP2-4.5, the increase was moderate to 15%, reaching a mean of approximately 115 mm across Türkiye. This difference between the scenarios highlights the importance of emission reduction efforts in mitigating extreme rainfall risks. We also observed intensifying extreme rainfall, with projected increases becoming more pronounced in the future. The percentage increase in return levels is generally larger for shorter return periods (5-year) than for longer ones, suggesting a greater relative increase in the frequency of more common, less extreme events. Additionally, coastal regions exhibited higher positive anomalies than inland areas, indicating greater vulnerability to intensified extreme rainfall. These findings highlight the urgent need for proactive and regionally specific adaptation measures to enhance infrastructure resilience, improve disaster preparedness, and ensure management of water resources critical for agriculture and urban areas in Türkiye.
Intelligent soft jaws for clamping complex geometric surfaces using active-controlled MRF in a 3D-printed TPU-cushion
Authors: Feng Qi , Werkle Kim Torben , Maier Walther , Möhring Hans-Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Both additively manufactured and conventional cast parts lack suitable surfaces for precise positioning and repeatable clamping during initial machining operations. Therefore, these parts with freeform surfaces require flexibly adaptable clamping methods. In this project, a clamping system for workpieces with complex geometries was developed, based on the vise principle. The system’s flexible adaptability was achieved by utilizing formable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) cushions filled with magnetorheological fluid (MRF), additively manufactured through the fused filament fabrication process. To monitor the clamping status and actively control the clamping force or the frictional force for the workpiece, an intelligent jaw was designed and integrated into the clamping system. In addition to the mechanical components, hardware and software for the control system were also developed. Preliminary validation results indicate that the stiffness of the MRF cushion increases rapidly after applying a magnetic field. Although the range of controllable clamping force is limited, the increased material stiffness allows the MRF cushion to retain its negative form, which results in tighter encapsulation of the workpiece, improved form-fitting contact, and enhanced frictional force. This proof of concept highlights the potential for industrial applications, and further research on this topic is recommended.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Other Histiocytic Lesions
Authors: McKinney Reed A. , Wang Guanghua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Histiocytoses, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), comprise a diverse group of histiocytic disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation and proliferation of histiocytes in various tissues or organs throughout the body, ranging from benign, self-limited conditions to aggressive malignancies and systemic inflammatory syndromes. These lesions present unique diagnostic challenges due to their broad spectrum of clinical presentations, overlapping histopathological and immunophenotypical features, and genetic complexity.

Methods
This review analyzes major histiocytic lesions, focusing on their epidemiology, clinical presentations, histologic and immunophenotypic features, and genetic characteristics to facilitate accurate diagnosis and differentiation among these histiocytoses.

Results
LCH, a well-recognized lesion, can affect various organ systems and necessitates differentiation from other types of histiocytoses such as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD), and cutaneous and mucocutaneous non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses. Some histiocytic lesions, such as histiocytic sarcoma, are inherently malignant, while others, like hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), manifest as severe, potentially life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndromes. Recent molecular genetic studies revealed recurrent genetic alterations in the MAPK pathway, such as BRAF V600E and MAP2K1 in LCH and ECD, and KRAS, NRAS, and MAP2K1 mutations in a subset of RDD. Malignant histiocytoses frequently show alterations in tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and CDKN2A.

Conclusion
Precise classification of histiocytic lesions relies on a comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic data. Recent genetic advances shed light on these conditions’ unique but occasionally overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. Molecular genetics advancements continue to refine diagnostic accuracy and present new therapeutic targets, especially for aggressive or treatment-resistant cases.
RINEX SCAN: open-source RINEX epoch and frequency scanning software
Authors: Ozdemir Behlul Numan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the introduction of the Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) version 2 in 1990, the community of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) rapidly adapted to its use and continued to develop the RINEX format. Because of its widespread adoption and user-friendly format across all GNSS receivers, GNSS companies typically offer conversion software that enables users to convert raw receiver-dependent data into the RINEX observation format. As new GNSS signals and constellations continue to emerge, revising the RINEX format has become a necessary requirement over time. RINEX SCAN is a new open-source software for multi-GNSS epoch and frequency (GNSS observation codes) scanning, providing availability information for epochs and frequencies in RINEX files. This software is free and open source, released under the MIT License., and written in object-oriented programming language C#. The software supports GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and QZSS constellations data in RINEX observation 2.xx and 3.xx formats. Thanks to parallel computing architecture, users can easily obtain large-scale data quantity results for epochs and multi-GNSS frequencies when working with big data sets.
Synthesis of Methyl Lactate from Glucose over Alkali-Modified Sn-H-Y Catalysts
Authors: Majidov Ramin , Aho Atte , Vajglova Zuzana , Kumar Narendra , Lassfolk Robert , Angervo Ilari , Tirri Teija , Lastusaari Mika , Eränen Kari , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Hietala Jukka , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glucose transformation to methyl lactate was investigated over microporous Sn-H-Y- zeolite with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 30 as well as alkali metal modified mesoporous dealuminated Sn-H-Y-zeolites in the temperature range of 150-180oC. The catalysts were synthesized either by evaporation-impregnation or ion-exchange methods using a two-step procedure for Sn-and K-modification. The catalysts were characterized by several physico-chemical methods including SEM, TEM, pyridine adsorption-desorption FTIR, UV-VIS spectroscopy, solid state NMR-spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, TGA and CHNS for spent catalysts. The highest yield of methyl lactate of 72% was obtained at 150oC over dealuminated K-Sn-H-Y-30 catalyst at complete glucose conversion. Especially low K/Sn ratio was preferential for maximizing methyl lactate yield. Catalyst regeneration and leaching were also investigated.

Statement of Novelty
The impact of potassium on mesoporous Sn-modified H-Y-30 was elucidated resulting in a very high yield of methyl lactate (72%) in glucose transformation over dealuminated K-Sn-H-Y-30 catalyst.
Subclinical tremor differentiation using long short-term memory networks
Authors: Nanayakkara Gerard Ruchin Randil , Chan Ping Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Subclinical amplitudes complicate the differentiation between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) tremor, which is uncertain even when the tremors are apparent. Despite their prevalence—up to 30% of PD cases exhibit subclinical tremors—these tremors remain inadequately studied. Therefore, this study explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to address this differentiation uncertainty. Our objective is to develop a deep learning model that can differentiate among subclinical tremors due to PD, ET, and normal physiological tremors. Subclinical tremor data were obtained from inertial sensors placed on the hands and arms of 51 PD, 15 ET, and 58 normal subjects. The AI architecture used was designed using a long short-term memory network (LSTM) and was trained on the short-time Fourier transformed subclinical tremor data as the input features. The network was trained separately to differentiate firstly between PD and ET tremors and then between PD, ET, and physiological tremors and yielded accuracies of 95% and 93%, respectively. Comparative analysis with existing convolutional LSTM demonstrated the superior performance of our work. The proposed method has 30–50% better accuracies when classifying low amplitude tremors as compared to the reference method. Future enhancements aim to enhance model interpretability and validate on larger, more diverse datasets, including action tremors. The proposed work can potentially serve as a valuable tool for clinicians, aiding in the differentiation of subclinical tremors common in Parkinson’s disease, which in turn enhances diagnostic accuracy and informs treatment decisions.
Microstructural Refinement in a Low Alloy High Strength Martensitic Steel
Authors: Sinha V. , Gonzales M. , Payton E. J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The prior austenite grain (PAG) size of a low alloy high strength martensitic steel, AF9628, was refined by rapid austenitizing heat treatments at 825 and 850 °C. The reduction in PAG size of as high as 97% was obtained. After one rapid austenitizing cycle, the newly nucleated (small) PAGs were observed to be preferentially located at the prior austenite grain boundaries of starting microstructure, although a small number of fine PAGs were also observed in the interior of PAGs of starting microstructure. A more uniform distribution of fine PAGs was observed with an increase in the number of cycles. The average number of austenite nucleation sites in a given area was 43.4% higher at 850 °C than 825 °C after one cycle. A higher nucleation rate at 850 °C resulted in a smaller PAG size at this temperature than 825 °C after one and four cycles. A higher growth rate at 850 °C resulted in a larger PAG size at this temperature than 825 °C after sixteen cycles. Prior studies have discussed the role of growth rate in microstructure evolution during rapid austenitizing heat treatments at different temperatures and not the role of nucleation rate, which is discussed for the first time in current study. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction results indicated a higher amount of retained austenite in the finest microstructure and it can affect the strength in these microstructures. This aspect of microstructure evolution is also not reported in prior studies on microstructural refinement with rapid austenitizing method.
Study on dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency improvement using methyl orange dye
Authors: Qurratulain  , Kazmi Safia Akhtar , Hameed Salman , Pachauri Rupendra Kumar , Khan Baseem , Ali Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, different varieties of dye sensitized solar cells are fabricated by simple fabrication process. In this fabrication extract of butea monosperma flower, methylene blue and methyl orange dyes are used as sensitizers. The photovoltaic performance of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been studied. The performances of two different types of photo-electrodes are also tested in this work. The morphology and bandgap of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and ZnO (Zinc oxide) was observed from XRD, FTIR spectroscopy and UV-vis Spectrum. It is found that TiO2 based DSSCs have better performance. It also observed that the current density and efficiency was increased from 7.46 to 12.9 mA/cm2 and from 1.34 to 6.8% respectively when using methyl orange as a dye. Hence it can be said that methyl orange dye enhanced the photovoltaic performance of DSSC.
A Meta-Analysis of Bi-Directional Associations between Sleep Health and Substance Use among U.S. Youth: Racial/Ethnic Differences
Authors: Dobani Fatima , Schillinger Emma S. , Vrabec Alison , Kidwell Katherine M. , Park Aesoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This paper aimed to estimate pooled bi-directional associations between multidimensional sleep health and substance use among youth and investigate whether these associations differed as a function of race/ethnicity.

Recent Findings
Empirical observational studies providing quantitative data on the association of sleep health (duration [sleep obtained per 24 h], satisfaction [subjective assessment of sleep], alertness [ability to maintain attentive wakefulness], and timing [placement of sleep]) and substance use (i.e., alcohol and cannabis), and racial/ethnic demographic information among U.S. youth (10–25) were identified through a systematic literature search. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted using 95 effect sizes extracted from 38 studies.

Summary
We found evidence for a bi-directional relationship between total sleep duration and substance use. Sleep satisfaction predicted substance use, but findings were inconclusive whether substance use predicted sleep satisfaction. Sleep alertness predicted alcohol (but not cannabis) use, whereas sleep timing predicted cannabis (but not alcohol) use. Nuanced racial/ethnic differences were also found in these sleep-substance use relationships, which differed across sleep domains and types of substance.
Tumori testicolari: focus sulla ginecomastia
Authors: Cannarella Rossella , Calogero Aldo E. 
Published: February 2025

Sommario
Il capitolo sui tumori testicolari comprende diversi tipi di neoplasie, tra cui quelle derivanti dalle cellule germinali. Questi tumori possono manifestarsi a qualsiasi età ma oltre il 90% dei casi si verifica in uomini giovani, in cui possono causare ginecomastia. Quest’ultima insorge frequentemente durante l’età adolescenziale e, nella maggior parte dei casi, ha un’eziologia benigna. Attraverso una descrizione dettagliata dei tumori testicolari e della loro capacità di produrre e secernere ormoni, questo articolo si propone di chiarire in quali circostanze la ginecomastia possa rappresentare un “campanello d’allarme”, indicando la necessità di intraprendere un iter diagnostico più approfondito.
Making Medical Education Socially Accountable in Australia and Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rimal Jyotsna , Shrestha Ashish , Cardell Elizabeth , Billett Stephen , Lam Alfred King-yin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social accountability (SA) measures are critical in medical education. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-systematic review guidelines, across Australia and Southeast Asia Region (SEAR) countries to identify their purposes, practices, experiences, and recommendations. Four electronic databases were searched using search terms and key themes were identified through inductive analysis. Fifteen included studies identified five themes: (i) social obligation spectrum, (ii) learning environment, (iii) values of SA, (iv) graduate outcomes, and (v) partnerships. The cross-cutting themes were governance, education, service, and research. This review highlighted the role of SA in medical education and identified themes applicable for Australia and SEAR countries.
Energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU: concepts, empirics and policy
Authors: Guarascio Dario , Reljic Jelena , Zezza Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper analyses energy vulnerability and resilience in the EU. First, a comprehensive review of the relevant literature is carried out, discussing key concepts and indicators used to assess countries’ relative positioning vis-à-vis energy shocks. Second, we rely on a large set of indicators (i.e., share of energy intensive industries, import dependency and market concentration, productive and technological capabilities in the renewables domain, policy efforts to increase energy resilience) to provide a thorough mapping of EU Member States’ positioning in terms of energy vulnerability and resilience. Third, we assess industrial and energy policy actions put in place at both the EU and the national level, highlighting relevant heterogeneities and discussing whether policy efforts are consistent with the degree of vulnerability of Member States.
Macht und Publikum
Authors: Schneider Jens Ole 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Entstehung der öffentlichen Meinung wird häufig (und insbesondere seit Habermas’ Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit [1962]) auf das 18. Jahrhundert datiert und damit als ein Phänomen der Aufklärung gedeutet. Im Anschluss an neuere historische Forschungen zeigt folgender Beitrag hingegen, dass es auch schon im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert ein Bewusstsein und eine ästhetische Reflexion von Meinung und Öffentlichkeit gibt. In einem ersten Schritt rekonstruiert der Beitrag die historische Semantik und soziologische Bedingtheit der Meinung in der Frühen Neuzeit, währenddessen er in einem zweiten Schritt die dramatische Gestaltung der Meinung bei Gryphius, Haugwitz und Gottsched untersucht.
Detecting cyclones with seasonal forecasts? Development of a novel standardised Windstorm Index for the forecasting and impact-oriented analysis of extreme wind events
Authors: Guerrini Federica , Trentini Laura , Gesso Sara Dal , Venturini Marco , Calmanti Sandro , Petitta Marcello 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This preliminary study introduces the Standardised Windstorm Index (SWI), a novel tool designed to quantify the impact of extreme wind events in different geographical regions. The SWI is developed by first fitting the Weibull distribution to daily maximum wind speed data, followed by an inverse normal transformation to obtain a standardised index. This method enhances the accuracy of extreme wind event detection compared to conventional standardisation techniques. Using seasonal forecasts from the SEAS5 system, the SWI demonstrates its ability to effectively detect tropical cyclones and windstorms in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, showing an improvement of more than 20% in the accuracy metric compared to raw standardised SEAS5 data. However, it is important to note that this improvement is primarily driven by better identification of non-events rather than an increase in cyclone detection sensitivity, as discussed in the main text. This study also acknowledges some limitations, including assumptions in the extreme event detection procedure, which may not fully capture the variability and uncertainty within seasonal forecasts.Moreover, the use of ERA5 for the bias correction of SEAS5 wind speed data may introduce inaccuracies in the input data used for calculating the SWI, due to the scarcity of observations assimilated in ERA5 within the SADC area. Future work will focus on refining these methods, extending the geographical and temporal scope to improve its robustness and applicability. Although preliminary, our results emphasise the potential of the SWI as a valuable tool for improving the predictive skills of seasonal forecasts and supporting proactive efforts for climate risk management and adaptation strategies.
Spatially integrated social sciences: opportunities for computational urban science
Authors: Wang Siqin , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concept of Spatially Integrated Social Sciences (SISS) emerged in the 1990s, introducing a spatial dimension to social science research through Geographic Information Science (GIS)-based tools. This movement, known as the "spatial turn," integrates space and place into the analysis of social phenomena and human behaviour. Although SISS has not yet fully permeated mainstream social science, its application continues to expand, offering a broader understanding of social processes by examining them within spatial and temporal contexts. Initially rooted in quantitative methods, SISS now includes qualitative approaches, enriching its analytical scope. Central to SISS is the recognition of geographical concepts such as distance, distribution, and location, which shape societal dynamics and human interactions. Supported by diverse theoretical paradigms and advanced analytical tools, we discuss nine opportunities embedded within SISS to contribute to new theories and techniques for capturing, mapping, and modelling spatial data. It offers deeper insights into social inequalities and the spatial factors influencing human behaviour and society, enriching the scope of computational urban science.