bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renoprotective impact of Dapagliflozin and Mulberry extracts toward Fr-STZ induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: Biochemical and Molecular aspects
Authors: Gad Emad M. , Abdel-Rahman Haidy G. , Abd-El-Fattah Mohy Eldin , Kamal Merna M. , Eltahan Ahmed Shaker , Dessouki Amina A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Among the most typical reasons of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is also rated as a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. The existent study looked at the impact of dapagliflozin, mulberry fruit and leaves extracts and their combination on the kidney of diabetic rats. To induce diabetic nephropathy, experimental rats were supplied with 10% fructose (Fr) in drinking water for the first two weeks. Each Fr-fed animal received an intraperitoneal injection of a low single dose of STZ (40 mg/kg) after being fasted for the whole night. Sixty albino rats were separated into six equivalent groups. Group I control rats, group II untreated diabetic rats, group III–VI are diabetic groups; received dapagliflozin for 4 weeks, mulberry fruit extract, mulberry leaves extract and combination of DAPA, MFE and MLE, respectively for 6 weeks. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited considerable rise in serum glucose, urea, creatinine, KIM-1, β2-MG, TNF-α, and TGβ1 levels compared to control rats, while treated diabetic ones manifested significant decrease in these measures in contrast to the untreated diabetic rats. Also, renal tissue IL-6, NF-κB and NADPH oxidase manifested significant increase in untreated diabetic rats, while treated groups revealed significant decline in comparison to the untreated one. DAPA and mulberry fruit and leaves extracts optimized IL-10 and renin expression in renal tissue. Histopathological picture of kidney, revealed significant improvement in rats received DAPA and mulberry extracts compared to untreated diabetic rats. It could be concluded that, DAPA, mulberry fruits and leaves extracts alleviated diabetic nephropathy complications. Therefore, combining these ingredients in a supplement may be promising for modulating diabetic nephropathy.
NRG1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis and afatinib treatment efficiency is enhanced by NRG1 inhibition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hou Guiqin , Niu Tengda , Jia Ang , Zhang Yingying , Chen Xunan , Wei Huiyun , Jia Yilin , Xu Yichao , Li Yan , Wang Pengju , Chatterjee Aniruddha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive cancer characterized by significant heterogeneity in incidence and outcomes. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) plays a crucial role in the growth and development of multiple organ systems. While dysregulation of NRG1 is involved in the progression of multiple cancers, its specific role and contribution to the aggressiveness of ESCC remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions and molecular mechanisms of NRG1 in ESCC, as well as explore potential treatment strategies for ESCC cases with NRG1 overexpression.
Methods
We examined the expression levels of NRG1 in esophageal cancer and analyzed its correlation with gene copy number amplification and DNA methylation regulation. Various cellular and molecular assays were conducted to elucidate the functional role of NRG1 in ESCC. Additionally, the signaling pathways associated with NRG1 were investigated. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of afatinib in ESCC with NRG1 overexpression, as well as the combined approach of NRG1 down-regulation and afatinib treatment.
Results
Our findings revealed that NRG1 was upregulated in esophageal cancer, showing a correlation with gene copy number amplification but not DNA methylation regulation. NRG1 was found to promote cell proliferation, migration, inhibit apoptosis, and accelerate tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC. Moreover, we discovered that NRG1 activated the NF-κB/MMP9 signaling pathway via the HER3-HER2/MAPK/PI3K pathway, contributing to the metastatic phenotype observed in ESCC. Finally, we demonstrated that afatinib effectively inhibited ESCC with NRG1 overexpression, and the combination of NRG1 down-regulation and afatinib treatment exhibited a more efficient strategy.
Conclusions
Our data strongly support the conclusion that NRG1 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for ESCC treatment.
Y chromosome haplogroups are associated with birth size in Japanese men
Authors: Sato Youichi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The Y chromosome is classified into haplogroups (A-T) based on a combination of multiple DNA polymorphisms. Japanese men are mainly classified into haplogroups C, D, and O, which were further subdivided. Based on the phylogenetic age and global frequency distribution, haplogroups C and D are assumed to be of Jomon origin, and O of Yayoi origin. The physical characteristics of the Jomon and Yayoi lineages differ. I assumed that Y chromosome haplogroups may be associated with birth height and/or weight.
Methods and results
The Y chromosome haplogroups related to weight and height at birth in 288 Japanese men were analyzed. Men belonging to haplogroup O1b2 were significantly associated with short stature at birth (beta = − 1.88, standard error (SE) = 0.55, P = 0.00076), and those belonging to D1a2a-12f2b were significantly associated with increased birth weight (beta = 174, SE = 64, P = 0.0069).
Conclusions
Y chromosome haplogroups are associated with physical birth characteristics in modern Japanese men.
Unveiling the Hub Genes Associated with Manganese-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Yang Bing , Hu Zhongze , Wang Shujuan , Shi Xiaoli , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) can cause severe toxicity in human and animal organs, particularly the liver. However, the specific mechanisms of Mn-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the key genes associated with hepatotoxicity caused by Mn administration. We obtained the gene expression data set GSE59923 from the Gene Expression Omnibus, which included liver samples treated with manganese chloride (MnCl2) as well as control samples. Through our analysis, we identified 222, 351, and 494 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers treated with MnCl2 at 700 mg/kg on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day, respectively. Notably, we found a total of 27 overlapping DEGs in the liver samples. Biological process analysis revealed that these common DEGs were associated with the response to xenobiotic stimulus, cellular calcium ion homeostasis, and ion transmembrane transport. Pathway analysis further indicated the involvement of cAMP, p53, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and AMPK signaling pathways in Mn-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, we identified several important genes, including CCR2, CDKN1A, CELSR2, LCN2, and PER2, which appeared to play a role in Mn-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, this study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying Mn-induced hepatotoxicity, contributing to our overall understanding of this condition.
High degree simplification and tunable absorption features of terahertz metamaterial absorber
Authors: Anwar Shahzad , Ali Ghafar , Khan Qasim , Khan Maaz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work demonstrated to attain quad-band absorption in the terahertz frequency region with simple structure of single sized resonator. The design model composed of an H type resonator placed above on a middle layer (dielectric medium) and a metallic layer at the bottom. The single sized resonator strongly interacts with incident electromagnetic wave resulting four near perfect absorption peaks. The proposed design has the advantage to achieve not only quad-band absorption but also has high degree of simplification which is different from the previous work reported. Moreover, actively adjustable absorption properties could be further noticed by interpolate vanadium dioxide (VO2) with conductivity flexibility into the design structure due to which the quad-band absorption spectra showing a switchable function by variation in the state phase of VO2 from insulator to metallic phase. The adjustment property of VO2 from insulated to metal phase is the essential aspect to acquire the adjustment of absorption properties. Therefore, the design structure could have wide range of potential THz technology related field applications.
Ternary complex microparticles assembled from vanillin, γ-cyclodextrin, and dextran: Fabrication, structure, and controlled release characteristics
Authors: Liu Yikun , Liao Li , McClements David Julian , Chen Xing , Cao Mengmeng , Liang Ruihong , Zou Liqiang , Liu Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Vanilla is one of the most widely used flavors in the food and beverage industry, however, it is thermally unstable and volatile. In this study, microparticles consisting of ternary complexes of vanillin/γ-cyclodextrin/dextran (V/C/D) were prepared, in which vanillin served as a crosslink between the γ-cyclodextrin and dextran. One end of vanillin was inserted into the interior of γ-cyclodextrin through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, while the other end was bound to dextran through hydrogen bonding. The encapsulation efficiency of vanillin in the microparticles increased from around 59–92% when the mass ratio of dextran in the complexes increased (V/C/D ratio ranging from 1:9:0 to 1:5:4). Moreover, the crystallization peak of vanillin disappeared in complexes with higher dextran contents. The dispersibility of vanillin in cold water (4 ℃) increased as the dextran content in the complexes increased, with the highest value being 15 mg/mL. Encapsulation of vanillin within the microparticles protected it from volatilization during storage, with more than 90% being retained after holding at 60 ℃ for a month, as well as increasing its resistance thermal processing. The release of vanillin during baking (200 ℃, 30 minutes) could be controlled by altering the composition of the microparticles. Our findings provide a novel strategy for improving the stability and controlling the release of aromas.
Elimination method for construction images in N-point gravitational lenses for circular source
Authors: Kotvytskiy Albert , Parimucha Štefan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Gravitational lenses have become valuable tools for studying astrophysical objects, but analytical methods for analyzing gravitational lenses are still underdeveloped, particularly in the construction of images. Although analytical methods exist for single-point and axially symmetric lenses, there is a lack of exact analytical solutions for general gravitational lenses, leading to the frequent utilization of approximate methods. In this work, we aim to advance precise analytical methods for constructing images from circular sources in gravitational lenses.

We begin by formulating the gravitational lens equations using the general theory of relativity. By introducing dimensionless variables, we express the lens equation in a convenient form. We then explore the mathematical concepts of resultant and Sylvester matrix, which provide tools for eliminating variables and finding common roots of polynomials. We apply these concepts to eliminate the parameter in the lens equations and obtain expressions for the image coordinates.

We demonstrate the application of our method for a one-point lens and a binary lens. For a one-point lens, we derive an equation that determines the images of a circular source. We analyze special cases where the source is at the origin, touches the origin, or is arbitrarily positioned. In the general case of a binary lens, an expression is derived that describes all images resulting from a circular source located at any arbitrary position.

Our method offers a precise analytical approach to construct images from circular sources in gravitational lenses. By advancing analytical techniques, we reduce the reliance on numerical simulations, which can be computationally intensive and may not guarantee the discovery of all solutions. This work contributes to the understanding and characterization of gravitational lenses and provides a foundation for further developments in the field.
Exponential mixing for heterochaos baker maps and the Dyck system
Authors: Takahasi Hiroki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate mixing properties of piecewise affine non-Markovian maps acting on $[0,1]^2$ or $[0,1]^3$ and preserving the Lebesgue measure, which are natural generalizations of the {\it heterochaos baker maps} introduced in [Saiki, Y., Takahasi, H., Yorke, J.A.: Nonlinearity {\bf 34} (2021) 5744--5761]. These maps are skew products over uniformly expanding or hyperbolic bases, and the fiber direction is a center in which both contracting and expanding behaviors coexist. We prove that these maps are mixing of all orders. For maps with a mostly expanding or contracting center, we establish exponential mixing for H\"older functions. Using this result, for the Dyck system originating in the theory of formal languages,we establish exponential mixing for H\"older functions with respect to its two coexisting ergodic measures of maximal entropy.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 37A25, 37A40; Secondary 37A55.
Pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated shrimp shell extract attenuated neuronal damage and death in Aβ 1- 42 -induced memory deficits in rats
Authors: Kuedo Zulkiflee , Binlateh Thunwa , Benjakul Soottawat , Hutamekalin Pilaiwanwadee 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides is a crucial factor in the neuronal degeneration of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current study investigated the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of shrimp shell extract (SSE) and liposome-encapsulated SSE (SSE/L) against Aβ1-42-induced neuronal damage and death in rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of Aβ1-42 effectively induced memory decline, as observed in a reduction of the rat’s discriminating ability in the novel object recognition and novel object location tasks. Oral pretreatment with 100 mg/kg of SSE demonstrated no preventive effect on the memory decline induced by Aβ1-42 infusion. However, treatment with SSE/L 100 mg/kg BW effectively attenuated memory deficits in both behavioral assessments following two and four weeks after Aβ1-42 infusion. Moreover, SSE/L exerted neuroprotective effects by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing Nrf2/HO-1 expression. There was a significant decrease in Iba1 and GFAP (markers of activated microglia and astrocytes, respectively), as well as a decrease in the levels of NF-κB expression and the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the cortical and hippocampal tissues. Treatment with SSE/L also reduced the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 while raising the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2. In addition, the beneficial effects of SSE/L were along with the effects of a positive control AST. The findings of this study indicated that SSE/L provided neuroprotective effects on Aβ1-42-induced AD rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, SSE/L might be employed to prevent and mitigate Aβ accumulation-induced neurotoxicity in AD.
A qualitative stakeholder analysis of beliefs, facilitators, and barriers for a feasible prehabilitation program before lung cancer surgery
Authors: Voorn Melissa J.J. , Bastiaansen Evy M.W. , Schröder Carin D. , Boogaart Vivian E.M. van Kampen-van den , Bootsma Gerben. P. , Bongers Bart C. , Janssen-Heijnen Maryska L.G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In order to develop a feasible prehabilitation program before surgery of NSCLC, this study aimed to gain insight into beliefs, facilitators, and barriers of 1) healthcare professionals to refer patients to a prehabilitation program, 2) patients to participate in and adhere to a prehabilitation program, and 3) informal caregivers to support their loved ones.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals, patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC, and their informal caregivers. The capability, opportunity, and motivation for behavior-model (COM-B) guided the development of the interview questions. Results were analyzed thematically.
Results
The interviews were conducted with twelve healthcare professionals, seventeen patients, and sixteen informal caregivers. Healthcare professionals mentioned that professionals should facilitate the referral of patients to prehabilitation within primary and secondary healthcare involved in prehabilitation, considering the short preoperative period. Patients did not know that a better preoperative physical fitness and nutritional status would make a difference in the risk of postoperative complications. Patients indicated that they want to receive information about the aim and possibilities of prehabilitation. Most patients preferred a group-based physical exercise training program organized in their living context in primary care. Informal caregivers could support their loved one.
Conclusion
A prehabilitation program should be started as soon as possible after the diagnosis of lung cancer. Receiving information about the purpose and effects of prehabilitation in a consult with a physician seems crucial to patients to be involved in prehabilitation. Support of loved ones in the patient’s own living context is essential for adherence.
Assessment of Biodiversity and Growth Parameters of Miyawaki Forest of Selected Sites in Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala
Authors: K Mohamed Safvan V. , Swapna T S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Miyawaki afforestation is a reliable forest restoration method using native plants, proposed by Professor Akira Miyawaki in the 1980s, and introduced in Japan with the challenge to restore indigenous ecosystems and maintain global environments, which helps in disaster prevention and carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation. The Miyawaki micro-afforestation aims to grow many trees in a limited space in a brief period of time and grow a forest similar to a natural forest. Today, Miyawaki method has been used successfully to restore the forest worldwide. A study was conducted to find the growth performance of selected plant species grown as per the Miyawaki method of planting in three sites of the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The study site includes Miyawaki forest in Kanakakunnu (site 1), Government High School Chala (site 2), and Dept. of Botany, Kariavattom (site 3). The growth parameters of the selected plants in the sites were recorded. The growth rate was compared to the naturally growing plant species, which indicated that the plants in the Miyawaki forest in three sites had a higher growth rate. These results could offer a chance to introduce the advantages of a new afforestation method, which helps to reduce the time for a complete environmental restoration in a short period. Moreover, it also offers a model for conserving native plant species within their natural habitat, even in urban areas. It can also be concluded that these native micro forests can offer many ecological and social services, including protecting many pollinators and conserving biodiversity in urban areas. Thus the use of these indigenous species can be successfully employed for the Miyawaki afforestation technique to create thick, multilayered forests.
Identifying relationships between compression garments and recovery in a military training environment
Authors: Saxon Leslie , Boberg Jill , Faulk Robert , Barrett Trevor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Development and maintenance of physical capabilities is an essential part of combat readiness in the military. This readiness requires continuous training and is therefore compromised by injury. Because Service Members (SMs) must be physically and cognitively prepared to conduct multifaceted operations in support of strategic objectives, and because the Department of Defense’s (DoD) non-deployable rate and annual costs associated with treating SMs continue to rise at an alarming rate, finding a far-reaching and efficient solution to prevent such injuries is a high priority. Compression garments (CGs) have become increasingly popular over the past decade in human performance applications, and reportedly facilitate post-exercise recovery by reducing muscle soreness, increasing blood lactate removal, and increasing perception of recovery, but the evidence is mixed, at best. In the current study we explored whether CG use, and duration of use, improves recovery and mitigates muscle soreness effectively in an elite Marine training course. In order to test this, we subjected Service Members to fatiguing exercise and then measured subjective and objective recovery and soreness using participant reports and grip and leg strength over a 72-hour recovery period. Findings from this study suggest that wearing CGs for post training recovery showed significant and moderate positive effects on subjective soreness, fatigue, and perceived level of recovery. We did not find statistically significant effects on physical performance while testing grip or leg strength. These findings suggest that CG may be a beneficial strategy for military training environments to accelerate muscle recovery after high-intensity exercise, without adverse effects to the wearer or negative impact on military training.
A Characterization of Strongly Computable Finite Factorization Domains
Authors: Soto-Rosa Geraldo , Ocasio-González Victor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In [4], Mileti and others study the prime and irreducible elements of strong finite factoriza-tion domains. The authors define the class of Strongly Computable Strong Finite Factorization Domains (SCSFFD) which, they show, have necessarily computable irreducible elements and a computable division algorithm. However, the question of how to best classify this class of structures is left unanswered. Our work provides a classification for SCSFFD’s by showing the existence of a computable norm where norm-form equations can be solved computably. This classification provides the intuition to extend further the notion of strong computability to Finite Factorization Domains in general.
Quantifying microdroplet contact-line friction using atomic force microscope
Authors: Koh Xue Qi , Thenarianto Calvin , Jokinen Ville , Daniel Dan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Controlling the wetting and spreading of microdroplets is key to technologies such as microfluidics, ink-jet printing, and surface coating. Contact angle goniometry is commonly used to characterize surface wetting by droplets, but the technique is ill-suited for sub-millimetric droplets. Here, we attach a micrometric-sized droplet to an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) cantilever to directly quantify contact-line friction on different surfaces (superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic) with sub-nanonewton force resolutions. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by performing friction measurements using different liquids (water and oil droplets) and under different ambient environments (in air and under water). Finally, we show that underwater superoleophobic surfaces can be qualitatively different from superhydrophobic surfaces: contact-line friction is highly sensitive to contact-line speeds for the former but not for the latter surface.