bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of gamma-irradiation on lymphocyte subpopulations participating in the development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.
Authors: Susskind B M , Faanes R B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Differences in radiosensitivity among lymphocyte subpopulations involved in generating allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were studied. Gamma irradiated splenic lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice (B6, H-2b) were stimulated in vitro with DBA/2 (H-2d) spleen cells or the DBA/2 mastocytoma, P815. Limiting dilution analysis indicated that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector cells (CTLe) for either antigen arose from the same pool of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp), and that the D37 value of the B6 anti-H-2d CTLp was approximately 165 R. In mixed lymphocyte cultures, however, differential effects of irradiation were seen between the 2 antigens in the ability of irradiated responder B6 spleen cells to generate CTLe. For induction of cytotoxic activity against DBA/2 splenocytes, the CTLp was the most radiosensitive component of the response, whereas the generation of a cytotoxic response against P815 was limited by the radiosensitivity of an Lyt-1 T helper cell (D37 approximately 85 R). The radiosensitive Lyt-1 cell could be replaced by mixed lymphocyte reaction supernatants or semipurified interleukin 2 (IL-2) from Con A-stimulated murine spleen cells. The requiremet of B6 anti-H-2d CTLp for a radiosensitive accessory cell in the CTL response against P815, in contrast with their activation by DBA/2 splenocytes, may center on the fact that the tumor cells do not possess Ia antigens.
Plaque-forming cell responses to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) in microcultures are not under conventional Ir gene control.
Authors: Letvin N L , Benacerraf B , Germain R N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The IgM plaque-forming cell response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) was studied in an in vitro microculture system. Contrary to expectations, this response was not found to be under conventional H-2 linked Ir gene control. Thus, both classical responder BALB/c (H-2d) and non-responder DBA/1 (H-2q) spleen cells gave equivalent anti-TNP PFC responses to TNP-GAT in these cultures. Experiments were performed to determined if haptenation had changed the GAT carrier so as to remove it from GAT-specific Ir gene control. It could be demonstrated that TNP-GAT elicited in vivo anti-GAT PFC responses showing typical Ir control in the BALB/c and DBA/1 strains; that anti-hapten and anti-carrier PFC responses to DNP-GAT in vivo were similarly controlled; and that the TNP-GAT compound remained a T cell- and Ia+ accessory cell-dependent antigen in vitro. Furthermore, the microculture system allowed GAT-specific T helper cells to be detected in the spleens of DBA/1 mice treated with GAT in vivo under conditions eliciting a predominant suppressor T cell response under usual conditions of assay. These findings contrast with the Ir gene regulation of TNP-(T,G)-A--L responses seen under identical culture conditions. The implications of these results for our understanding of the site of Ir gene action and the target of suppression in the GAT model are discussed.
Hapten-specific murine colony-forming B cells. II. Delineation of a tolerogen-sensitive subpopulation of colony-forming B cells.
Authors: Pillai P S , Scott D W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B cell subpopulations were studied by using B cell cloning procedures and an in vitro tolerance induction model. Fluorescein- (FL) specific B cells from normal spleens were isolated by using FL gelatin plates and were then cultured in semisolid agar in the presence or absence of tolerogen. Hapten-specific cells grew in soft agar to form discrete colonies. Colony growth is dependent on "mitogens" present in agar, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For example, SRBC plus LPS potentiate the growth of an increased number of colony-forming B cells (CFU-B) compared to either additive alone. These CFU-B could be triggered by a specific antigen to yield plaque-forming cells (PFC). With tolerogen (FL-sheep gamma-globulin) present in the agar, the number of FL-specific CFU-B was reduced by 25 to 50%. The ability of the remaining colonies to form PFC upon antigenic stimulation was also reduced. This reduction in CFU-B numbers, however, was observed only when the agar contained both SRBC and LPS as mitogenic potentiators of growth; no effect of tolerogen on CFU-B numbers was seen when cells were grown with either additive alone. Interestingly, the effect of tolerogen on CFU-B numbers was abrogated when peritoneal macrophages, in addition to SRBC plus LPS, were present during cloning. It is postulated that unique subpopulations of B cells form colonies under varied cloning conditions and that those CFU-B grown with SRBC plus LPS display an increased sensitivity to growth inhibition by tolerogen.
A comparison of the interactions of the mitogenic and nonmitogenic lima bean lectins with human lymphocytes.
Authors: Munske G R , Pandolfino E R , Magnuson J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Binding and mitogenic characteristics of the 2 Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) lectins have been examined with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Chemical cross-linking of the nonmitogenic lima bean lectin produced a species that stimulated human lymphocytes as well as or better than the mitogenic lima bean lectin, which is a T lymphocyte mitogen with requirement for monocyte participation. The maximal stimulation and the dose response to the cross-linked lima bean lectin did not significantly differ from that observed with the mitogenic lectin. We have used fluorescein-labeled lima bean lectins to show that both lectins share mutually exclusive binding sites on lymphocytes. Our results strongly support the concept that multiple valence of lectins is important in inducing mitogenesis. Both the mitogenic and nonmitogenic lectins demonstrated selective binding by labeling only 70% od human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The fraction not binding lectin is a population of T lymphocytes. Competitive binding studies with the lima bean lectins and other N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectins suggest that the cell surface receptors for these various lectins may be quite different. We have also studied the response of human lymphocytes to the lima bean lectins and soybean agglutinin after neuraminidase treatment. As previously demonstrated (22), neuraminidase treatment of the cells drastically altered the binding and mitogenic response to soybean agglutinin. Lima bean lectin binding to the treated cells was also markedly increased, but the mitogenic response was essentially unaffected.
Immunochemical relations between pneumococcal group 19 and Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides.
Authors: Lee C J , Koizumi K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pneumococcal type 19F polysaccharide, contained in the current U.S. licensed pneumococcal vaccine, is a poor immunogen in young children. Capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella, reported to be cross-reactive with the pneumococcal type 19F, were isolated. Immunochemical relations between pneumococcal group 19 and Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides were studied by immunodiffusion with hyperimmune typing antisera, immune passive hemolysis, and plaque-forming cell response in mice following injection of polysaccharides. Klebsiella K2, K9, K32, K47, and K48 polysaccharides were reported to cross-react with horse pneumococcal type 19 antiserum by direct precipitation. However, these Klebsiella polysaccharides did not react in immunodiffusion with horse or with rabbit pneumococcal 19F and 19A typing antisera. Furthermore, pneumococcal type 19F and 19A polysaccharides did not precipitate with rabbit K2, K9, K32, K47, and K49 typing antisera. The cross-reactivity of the Klebsiella and pneumococcal polysaccharides was studied by 2 other methods. Rabbit pneumococcal 19F antiserum induced by low passive hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes coated with Klebsiella polysaccharides. In contrast, Klebsiella typing antisera exhibited higher hemolytic activity with erythrocytes coated with type 19F polysaccharides. The cross-reactivity of K2 and pneumococcal 19F polysaccharides was also exhibited by the direct IgM plaque-forming cell response. The cross-reactivity, determined by precipitin reactions using animal antisera, may not predict the cross-immunogenicity of purified polysaccharides in humans.
Altered idiotype response to phosphocholine in mice bearing an x-linked immune defect.
Authors: Kenny J J , Guelde G , Claflin J L , Scher I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The x-linked CBA/N defect results in an altered idiotype expression among the anti-phosphocholine (PC) antibodies produced after antigenic challenge with the thymic dependent antigen PC-KLH but does not preclude the response to this hapten as previously suggested. The majority of immune-defective F1 male mice can be divided into 2 groups based on their T15 idiotype profile. Group 1 mice fail to produce anti-PC antibodies bearing the T15 idiotype in either a primary or secondary response, whereas group 2 mice produce low levels of T15 idiotype; however, this idiotype often appears only after secondary immunization. These responses are distinct from the anti-PC response of normal F1 females, which is predominantly of the T15 idiotype. In addition to the altered idiotype expression, F1 male mice exhibited a greatly reduced primary anti-PC response compared to normal mice, and secondary responses were approximately one-third that of normal mice. The delayed expression of anti-PC antibodies in immune defective mice appears to be due to their inability to produce IgM anti-PC antibodies in either a primary or secondary response to PC-KLH.
Quantitative immunofluorescent analysis of surface phenotypes of murine B cell lymphomas and plasmacytomas with monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Lanier L L , Warner N L , Ledbetter J A , Herzenberg L A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a large series of murine B lymphomas and plasmacytomas were examined by quantitative flow cytometry analysis using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against murine differentiation antigens. These cell lines appear to represent subpopulations of lymphoid cells arrested at distinct stages of differentiation. In general, the pattern of reactions of these monoclonal antibodies with the B cell neoplasms was comparable to the reactions seen with normal cells in the same lineage. The Thy-1.2, Lyt-2, and T-30 differentiation antigens were not detected on any B lymphoma or plasmacytoma. However, certain surface Ig-positive B lymphomas do express the Lyt-1 antigen. With respect to other differentiation markers examined, including E2, F1, ThB, Lgp-100 (Ly 9.1), G2, and T-200 (Ly 5), the reaction of the B cell tumors reflected the expression of these markers on comparable normal cells. This investigation also emphasized the marked intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity that is observed when cloned cell lines are analyzed quantitatively for a large number of surface markers. Thus, this approach may be particularly useful in defining heterogeneity in maturation states within cloned tumor cell lines.
Recognition of MOPC-460 variable region determinants by polyclonally distributed triggering receptors on B lymphocytes.
Authors: Primi D , Juy D , Le Guern C , Sanchez P , Cazenave P A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified M460 protein-induced untreated and anti-Thy 1.2 and complement-treated murine spleen cells to proliferate and differentiate in vitro. Fc receptor complexing was not responsible for the phenomenon, since M460 Fab fragments retained the B cell triggering activity. Activation was inhibitable by the addition of DNP-glycine to cultures and could also be detected by using spleen cells from various strains of mice, including the C3H/HeJ, which is genetically nonresponding to LPS. Hybrid molecules were constructed between the M460 proteins and the products of 2 myelomas that do not activate B cells, namely, X25 and X24. The only hybrid molecules that retained triggering activity were (L460-Hx25)2. Interestingly, the same molecule was also the only one recognized by an anti-M460 monoclonal antibody (F6(51)) that has been previously shown to induce B cells to proliferate and differentiate. The data suggest the existence on B lymphocytes of a network of polyclonally distributed mitogen receptors that share determinants cross-reacting with immunoglobulin idiotypes.
Adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) with in vitro activated lymph node cells from thyroglobulin-sensitized guinea pigs: characterization of the cell that transfers EAT.
Authors: Braley-Mullen H , Tompson J G , Sharp G C , Kyriakos M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Relatively low numbers of lymph node cells (LNC) from Strain 2 or Strain 13 guinea pigs sensitized with guinea pig thyroglobulin (GPTG) could transfer experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) to normal syngeneic recipients after in vitro culture with GPTG. The EAT induced in recipients of cultured LNC was similar in incidence and severity to EAT induced by active immunization with GPTG in complete Freund's adjuvant. The cells that were effective in transferring EAT were shown to be immunoglobulin-negative, nylon wool nonadherent, and Ia-negative. The effector cells were sensitive to irradiation after in vitro activation, indicating that cell proliferation in the recipient is required for development of EAT. Recipient animals often developed moderate to severe lesions of EAT yet none had detectable delayed hypersensitivity to GPTG and the majority also had no detectable anti-GPTG antibody.
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-(ATP) mediated stimulation and suppression of DNA synthesis in lymphoid cells. I. Characterization of ATP responsive cells in mouse lymphoid organs.
Authors: Ikehara S , Pahwa R N , Lunzer D G , Good R A , Modak M J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of various nucleotides and nucleosides on DNA synthesis of mouse lymphocyte populations were studied. Significant stimulation of DNA synthesis was observed in the cells from bone marrow or the thymus in the presence of ATP. In contrast, the DNA synthesis of the cells from spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood was markedly inhibited by ATP. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate had nonspecific stimulatory effects on the DNA synthesis of various lymphoid cells, whereas cytidine triphosphate had no effect. When thymocytes or bone marrow cells were separated by 1 x g velocity sedimentation, a distinct cell population was identified as being responsible for the ATP-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis. Further characterization of ATP-responsive cells revealed that the highest concentration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, a marker enzyme for precursor T cells, was present in these cells. ATP-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis may, therefore, serve as a specific marker restricted to a certain population of differentiating T cells.
Two distinct murine differentiation antigens determined by genes linked to the Ly-6 locus.
Authors: Auchincloss H , Ozato K , Sachs D H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two separate monoclonal antibodies, 34-11-3S and 34-2-11S, produced by the fusion of C3H anti-BDF1 sensitized spleen cells to the SP2/0 myeloma variant cell line, were found to detect alloantigens on subpopulations of murine lymphocytes. Analysis of the strain specificities of these antibodies showed that both detected antigens determined by genes closely linked to the Ly-6 locus. However, analysis of the tissue distributions of antigen-bearing cells indicated that the 2 antibodies reacted with distinct antigens, only 1 of which was similar in distribution to the classically described Ly-6.2 antigen. Functional studies performed using cells treated with antibody plus C showed that these 2 antibodies defined lymphocyte subpopulations that are different from each other and from those defined by several other reported Ly-6-related antibodies. The data suggest that the Ly-6 locus consists either of multiple tightly linked genes exhibiting marked linkage disequilibrium or of a single gene, the protein product of which is subject to post-translational modifications during cell differentiation leading to the expression of new determinants.
Biochemical characterization of Ia alloantigens in guinea pigs. I. Synthesis of Ia antigens by subsets enriched for B cells, T cells, or macrophages.
Authors: Lyons C R , Lipscomb M F , Schlossman S F , Tucker T F , Uhr J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal exudate cells from immune guinea pigs consist primarily of T lymphocytes (PEL) and M phi. After selection of PEL from animals immunized with ovalbumin by culture on specific antigen-pulsed syngeneic M phi, recovered T cells (selected PEL) are 75 to 95% Ia+ by both cytotoxicity and immunofluorescent analysis on the FACS using alloantisera to Ia from guinea pigs or mice. The subunit structure of the Ia molecules on T cells is similar to that of Ia molecules obtained from B cells, as determined by radiolabeling, immunoprecipitation, and analysis of gels. Incorporation of labeled amino acids into Ia by selected PEL was shown to be due to T cells because of the lack of effect of depletion of Ig+ cells, the elimination of incorporation with a monoclonal anti-lymphocyte antibody, and the negligible increase in radioactive Ia after addition of large numbers of peritoneal exudate M phi. Furthermore, when F1 (2 x 3) PEL are selected on parental M phi, the selected PEL express both parental (2 and 13) Ia specificities, which suggests that the Ia molecules are not adsorbed by T cells after their release by M phi. Evidence that synthesis by splenocytes is due to B cells was obtained by the results of deletion experiments with alpha Ig and C. Similarly, synthesis of Ia by populations of pulmonary alveolar M phi, which contain greater than 98% M phi as judged by morphology, adherence, and latex ingestion, was demonstrated to be due to M phi because of the lack of effect of removing T and B cells.
Unresponsiveness to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice: replacement of suppressor cells by a soluble factor.
Authors: Lando Z , Dori Y , Teitelbamum D , Arnon R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A soluble suppressor factor has been prepared from cells of mice rendered nonsusceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by treatment with mouse spinal cord homogenate in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The specific activity of this factor can be augmented by using a cell population enriched on plates coated with anti-mouse Fab and the specific antigen, mouse basic encephalitogen (MBE). The resultant suppressor factor had the same biologic activities as the cells from which it originated. Thus, it suppressed specifically the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to MBE in vivo, and blocked in vitro the effector lymphocytes that adoptively transfer the DTH response. The suppressor factor reactivity was manifested also by the capacity to suppress the activity of macrophage migration inhibition factor produced by sensitized lymphocytes in the presence of the specific antigen MBE. The suppressor factor is antigen-specific and can bind the MBE in vitro and thus compete with its antibody binding. The most significant activity of the soluble suppressor factor is its ability to interfere with the induction of clinical EAE.
Transfer of lymphocytes of Peyer's patches between immunoglobulin allotype congenic mice: repopulation of the IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria.
Authors: Tseng J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Repopulation of the IgA plasma cells in the gut lamina propria was studied by lymphocyte transfers between histocompatible, immunoglobulin allotype congenic mice (CB-20 and BALB/cJ). Among the lymphocytes transferred, Peyer's patch lymphocytes showed the highest efficiency in the repopulation. The donor IgA plasma cells appeared suddenly in the gut lamina propria in substantial numbers at day 8, increased exponentially, and repopulated essentially tne entire gut lamina propria at days 12 to 14. By sequential transfer of lymphoid cells, lymphoid cell culture, splenectomy, and jejunum-shielded total body irradiation of the recipient mice, the majority of the patch IgA precursors were found migrating directly to the spleen rather than to the gut lamina propria. The patch IgA precursors resided in the spleen for at least 5 days and then migrated to the gut lamina propria, where they further divided and matured into IgA plasma cells. However, the spleen is not a completely obligatory tissue in the migration route because the repopulation was only partially reduced when patch cells were transferred into splenectomized recipients. In the splenectomized recipients, the patch IgA precursors did not migrate directly to the gut lamina propria either, which suggests that indirect homing to the gut lamina propria is a characteristic of the patch IgA precursor cells.
Influence of age on reactivity of 1-way mixed lymphocyte cultures in young chickens.
Authors: Bacon L D , Lee L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A reproducible 1-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assay was used to study the ontogeny of MLC in N, P, RPRL-72 and RPRL-63 strains of chickens. The chicks were progeny of specific-pathogen-free and lymphoid leukosis virus-free parents and grown in common isolators. When cells were from responder and stimulator chickens of the same age, the RPRL-72 chickens cells responded by 8 wk, whereas cells from chickens of the other 3 strains did not respond significantly until after 14 wk of age. In MLC with 6- and 32-wk-old RPRL-72 and N birds, the age of the responder was not crucial. However, young or old N birds responded extremely well to old 72 stimulator cells, whereas young 72 cells stimulated no, or minimal, response. Thus the age of the stimulator cell is vary important in chicken MLC and appears to depend upon the responder chicken strain.
MHC antigens on mouse trophoblast cells: paucity of Ia antigens despite the presence of H-2K and D.
Authors: Chatterjee-Hasrouni S , Lala P K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The presence of Ia antigens was examined on the surface of trophoblast cells isolated from mouse placentae resulting from mating C57BL/6 female and CBA male mice. A sensitive immunolabeling method was employed in which cells were treated with polyspecific anti-Ia (A.TH anti-A.TL) or monoclonal anti-Ia.17 antibody followed by 125I-labeled protein A and examined with the aid of quantitative radioautography. No appreciable levels of Ia antigens were detectable between days 12 and 17 of pregnancy, although significant amounts of H-2D were always found on the trophoblast cells from the same placentae, and spleen cells as well as thymocytes from control animals always showed the expected degree of labeling for Ia antigens.
The ontogeny and turnover kinetics of paternal H-2K antigenic determinants on the allogeneic murine placenta.
Authors: Raghupathy R , Singh B , Leigh J B , Wegmann T G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In previous reports we provided evidence for the expression of paternal H-2Kk antigens on the placenta, accessible to maternal circulation. We have now examined the ontogeny of paternal H-2Kk antigens in the placenta from day 10 to day 17 of gestation and find a steady increase per gram placenta. In order to substantiate the proposal that the placenta functions as an immunoabsorbent barrier preventing the entry of anti-paternal antibodies to the fetus, we monitored the uptake of monoclonal anti-paternal H-2Kk antibody by target (antigen-bearing) and control fetuses and placentas at various intervals after injection. We have previously shown that F(ab')2 anti-H-2Kk behaves like intact immunoglobulin in placental immunoabsorption studies, and demonstrate here that the peak placental uptake of the antibody is not affected by the removal of the Fc portion, whereas its rate of clearance is increased. In contrast to the anti-H-2Kk antibody, monoclonal anti-I-Ak (specificity 17) antibody (IgG2a) shows no placental immunoabsorption.