bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the chloroplast genomes and phylogenomic analysis of Elaeocarpaceae
Authors: Wang Yihui , Xie Yifei , Jin Jiayi , Li Jinyue , Qiu Xiangdong , Tong Yang , Li Zhongyang , Zhang Zhixiang , Lai Wenling 
Published: May 2023

Background
Elaeocarpaceae is a vital family in tropical and subtropical forests. Compared with the important position of Elaeocarpaceae species in forest ecosystem and the concern of medicinal value, the most research on Elaeocarpaceae are classification and taxonomy. Molecular systematics has corrected the morphological misjudgment, and it belongs to Oxalidales. Phylogenetic and divergence time estimates of Elaeocarpaceae is mostly constructed by using chloroplast gene fragments. At present, although there are reports on the chloroplast structure of Elaeocarpaceae, a comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast structure of Elaeocarpaceae is lacking.

Methods
To understand the variation in chloroplast sequence size and structure in Elaeocarpaceae, the chloroplast genomes of nine species were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform and further assembled and annotated with Elaeocarpus japonicus and Sloanea sinensis (family Elaeocarpaceae) as references. A phylogenomic tree was constructed based on the complete chloroplast genomes of the 11 species representing five genera of Elaeocarpaceae. Chloroplast genome characteristics were examined by using Circoletto and IRscope software.

Results
The results revealed the following: (a) The 11 sequenced chloroplast genomes ranged in size from 157,546 to 159,400 bp. (b) The chloroplast genomes of Elaeocarpus, Sloanea, Crinodendron and Vallea lacked the rpl32 gene in the small single-copy (SSC) region. The large single-copy (LSC) region of the chloroplast genomes lacked the ndhK gene in Elaeocarpus, Vallea stipularis, and Aristotelia fruticosa. The LSC region of the chloroplast genomes lacked the infA gene in genus Elaeocarpus and Crinodendron patagua. (c) Through inverted repeat (IR) expansion and contraction analysis, a significant difference was found between the LSC/IRB and IRA/LSC boundaries among these species. Rps3 was detected in the neighboring regions of the LSC and IRb regions in Elaeocarpus. (d) Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the genus Elaeocarpus is closely related to Crinodendron patagua on an independent branch and Aristotelia fruticosa is closely related to Vallea stipularis, forming a clade with the genus Sloanea. Structural comparisons showed that Elaeocarpaceae diverged at 60 Mya, the genus Elaeocarpus diverged 53 Mya and that the genus Sloanea diverged 0.44 Mya. These results provide new insight into the evolution of the Elaeocarpaceae.
Self-reported interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive attention differentially correspond to measures of visual attention and self-regard
Authors: Benau Erik M. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Interoception, the perception of bodily functions and sensations, is a crucial contributor to cognition, emotion, and well-being. However, the relationship between these three processes is not well understood. Further, it is increasingly clear that dimensions of interoception differentially corresponds to these processes, yet this is only recently being explored. The present study addresses two important questions: Are subjective interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive attention related to self-regard and well-being? And are they related to exteroceptive (visual) attention?

Methods
Participants (N = 98; 29% women; aged 23–64 years) completed: a battery of questionnaires to assess subjective accuracy (how well one predicts bodily sensations), interoceptive attention (a tendency to notice bodily signals), self-regard (self-esteem, self-image, life satisfaction), state negative affect (depression, anxiety, and stress), a self-esteem Implicit Association Task (a measure of implicit self-esteem), and a flanker task to assess visual selective attention. Subjective interoceptive accuracy and attention served as dependent variables. Correlations and principal component analysis was used to establish correlations among variables and determine how, or whether, these measures are associated with subjective interoceptive accuracy or attention.

Results
Greater scores on measures of self-regard, implicit self-esteem, cognition and lower negative affect were broadly associated with greater subjective interoceptive accuracy. Conversely, only explicit self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and self-image corresponded to subjective interoceptive attention. An exploratory analysis with a more inclusive scale of interoceptive attention was conducted. Results of this exploratory analysis showed that the broader measure was a stronger correlate to self-regard than subjective interoceptive accuracy, though it, too, did not correlate with visual attention. In short, both subjective interoceptive accuracy and attention corresponded to well-being and mental health, but only accuracy was associated with exteroceptive attention.

Conclusion
These results add to a growing literature suggesting different dimensions of (subjective) interoception differentially correspond to indices of well-being. The links between exteroceptive and interoceptive attention, and their association with merit further study.
Prediction of the spread of African swine fever through pig and carcass movements in Thailand using a network analysis and diffusion model
Authors: Poolkhet Chaithep , Kasemsuwan Suwicha , Thongratsakul Sukanya , Warrasuth Nattachai , Pamaranon Nuttavadee , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai 
Published: May 2023

Background
African swine fever (ASF) is a serious contagious viral disease of pigs that affects the pig industry. This study aimed to evaluate the possible African swine fever (ASF) distribution using network analysis and a diffusion model through live pig, carcass, and pig product movement data.

Material and Methods
Empirical movement data from Thailand for the year 2019 were used, and expert opinions were sought to evaluate network properties and the diffusion model. The networks were presented as live pig movement and carcass movement data at the provincial and district levels. For network analysis, a descriptive network analysis was performed using outdegree, indegree, betweenness, fragmentation, and power law distribution, and cutpoints were used to describe movement patterns. For the diffusion model, we simulated each network using spatially different infected locations, patterns, and initial infection sites. Based on expert opinions, the initial infection site, the probability of ASF occurrence, and the probability of the initial infected adopter were selected for the appropriated network. In this study, we also simulated networks under varying network parameters to predict the infection speed.

Results and Conclusions
The total number of movements recorded was 2,594,364. These were divided into 403,408 (403,408/2,594,364; 15.55%) for live pigs and 2,190,956 (2,190,956/2,594,364; 84.45%) for carcasses. We found that carcass movement at the provincial level showed the highest outdegree (mean = 342.554, standard deviation (SD) = 900.528) and indegree values (mean = 342.554, SD = 665.509). In addition, the outdegree and indegree presented similar mean values and the degree distributions of both district networks followed a power-law function. The network of live pigs at provincial level showed the highest value for betweenness (mean = 0.011, SD = 0.017), and the network of live pigs at provincial level showed the highest value for fragmentation (mean = 0.027, SD = 0.005). Our simulation data indicated that the disease occurred randomly due to live pig and carcass movements along the central and western regions of Thailand, causing the rapid spread of ASF. Without control measures, it could spread to all provinces within 5- and 3-time units and in all districts within 21- and 30-time units for the network of live pigs and carcasses, respectively. This study assists the authorities to plan control and preventive measures and limit economic losses caused by ASF.
Dr. Smartphone, can you support my trauma? An informatics analysis study of App Store apps for trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Authors: Ting Amanda , McLachlan Craig 
Published: May 2023

Background
Psychological trauma is prevalent in developed countries, with prevalence rates and treatment needs exceeding health system capacity. As telemedicine and out-of-patient care are promoted, there has been an expansion of digital apps to compliment therapeutic stages in psychological trauma. To date there are no reviews that have compared these apps and their clinical utility. This study aims to identify the availability of trauma- and stressor-related mhealth apps, assess their functionality, and review their therapeutic abilities.

Methodology
The authors conducted a systematic search using an iPhone 13 Pro in the Australian IOS App Store to extract trauma- and stressor-related apps that resulted from the search criteria. A cross-adaptation of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the Comprehensive App Evaluation Model (CAEM) were used as a framework to produce the mTrauma App Evaluation Conceptual Model and Informatics Framework. App content descriptors were analysed based on their general characteristics, usability, therapeutic focus, clinical utility, data integration. Following an applicability in concordance with psychological trauma-informed delivery.

Results
A total of 234 apps resulting from the search strategy were screened, with 81 apps that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of apps were marketed to 4+ to 17+ years of age, categorised as ‘health and fitness’, with the highest target markets observed for adolescents, children, parents, clinicians, and clients. A total of 43 apps (53.1%) contained a trauma-informed specified section, and 37 (45.7%) incorporated a section useful to support trauma-related symptoms. A significant number of apps there was an absence of therapeutic utility (in 32 apps (39.5%)). Most apps were supporting post-traumatic stress disorder-informed, cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Provision of psychoeducation, courses, guided sessions, trainings, self-reflection/journaling, symptom management and progress tracking were highly present.

Conclusions
Trauma-informed mobile apps are available in the App Store, expanding in its target market reach and usability, with an increase of creative psychotherapies being introduced alongside conventional modalities. However, based on the app descriptors, the scarcity of evidenced-based testimonials and therapeutic applicability remains questionable for clinical validity. Although mhealth tools are marketed as trauma-related, current available apps employ a multifunctional approach to general psychological symptomatology, through to associated comorbid conditions and emphasizes on passive activity. For higher uptake on user engagement, clinical application and validity, trauma-apps require curated specification to fulfil its role as complimentary psychological treatment.
1H NMR fecal metabolic phenotyping of periductal fibrosis- and cholangiocarcinoma-specific metabotypes defining perturbation in gut microbial-host co-metabolism
Authors: Treeriya Rujikorn , Ho Phuc N. , Titapun Attapol , Klanrit Poramate , Suksawat Manida , Kulthawatsiri Thanaporn , Sirirattanakul Suphasarang , Loilome Watcharin , Namwat Nisana , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Chamadol Nittaya , Khuntikeo Narong , Phetcharaburanin Jutarop 
Published: May 2023

Background
The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), which subsequently inhabits the biliary system and results in periductal fibrosis (PDF), is one of the primarily causes of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a bile duct cancer with an exceptionally high incidence in the northeast of Thailand and other Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries. Insights in fecal metabolic changes associated with PDF and CCA are required for further molecular research related to gut health and potential diagnostic biological marker development.

Methods
In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics was applied for fecal metabolic phenotyping from 55 fecal water samples across different study groups including normal bile duct, PDF and CCA groups.

Results
By using NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, fecal metabolic profiles of patients with CCA or PDF and of individuals with normal bile duct have been established with a total of 40 identified metabolites. Further multivariate statistical analysis and hierarchical clustering heat map have demonstrated the PDF- and CCA-specific metabotypes through various altered metabolite groups including amino acids, alcohols, amines, anaerobic glycolytic metabolites, fatty acids, microbial metabolites, sugar, TCA cycle intermediates, tryptophan catabolism substrates, and pyrimidine metabolites. Compared to the normal bile duct group, PDF individuals showed the significantly elevated relative concentrations of fecal ethanol, glycine, tyrosine, and N-acetylglucosamine whereas CCA patients exhibited the remarkable fecal metabolic changes that can be evident through the increased relative concentrations of fecal uracil, succinate, and 5-aminopentanoate. The prominent fecal metabolic alterations between CCA and PDF were displayed by the reduction of relative concentration of methanol observed in CCA. The metabolic alterations associated with PDF and CCA progression have been proposed with the involvement of various metabolic pathways including TCA cycle, ethanol biogenesis, hexamine pathway, methanol biogenesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and lysine metabolism. Among them, ethanol, methanol, and lysine metabolism strongly reflect the association of gut-microbial host metabolic crosstalk in PDF and/or CCA patients.

Conclusion
The PDF- and CCA-associated metabotypes have been investigated displaying their distinct fecal metabolic patterns compared to that of normal bile duct group. Our study also demonstrated that the perturbation in co-metabolism of host and gut bacteria has been involved from the early step since OV infection to CCA tumorigenesis.
In Vitro Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Acute Toxicity Test and Anti-diarrheal Activity of Methanolic Bixa orellana Seed Extracts by Castor Oil Induced and Magnesium Sulfate Induced Diarrhea Models
Authors: Tonny Tamanna Sharmin , Afroze Ivana , Shifa Sumsunnahar , Sultana Sonia 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: One in nine child deaths worldwide are attributable to diarrheal infections, making diarrhea the second largest cause of death among kids younger than the age of 5 years. The Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have the highest mortality due to diarrheal diseases. Natural substances of mineral, animal, or plant origins have long been used in medicines, cosmetics, and food goods. Bixa orellana is a Brazil-native plant that also thrives in other parts of South and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical regions, including Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Indonesia, India, Kenya, and East Africa. Due to the ban on the use of synthetic dyes in food and cosmetics, its use has increased, as it is one of the few authorized dyes by the World Health Organization (WHO) because, in addition to being nontoxic, it does not appear to alter the nutritional content of food. Additionally, 70% of the world's natural coloring additives are sourced from annatto, a common name for Bixa orellana. The leaves and seed extract has been used traditionally in the tropical areas of South Asia to reduce the severity of diarrheal episodes. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal property of Bixa Orellana seed extracts at different doses comparing with established manufactured drugs corroborating its’ orthodox therapeutic use as an anti-diarrheal agent.
Aim and Objectives: Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-diarrheal activities in Swiss Albino Mice.
Materials and Methods: The methanolic extract of Bixa Orellana seeds was prepared by traditional method and was used to assess its’ anti-diarrheal property. Anti-diarrheal activity was evaluated in Swiss Albino Mice using Castor oil induced diarrhea and MgSO4 induced diarrhea models respectively.
Observations and Results: Bixa orellana seed extract showed significant 75% Anti-diarrheal activity in the present study when compared to the standard drug Loperamide.
Conclusion: The methanolic seed extract of Bixa Orellana showed prominent Anti-diarrheal activity therefore it ensures safe and efficient traditional uses of Bixa Orellana in times of Diarrhea.
Assessment of Medical Cannabis and Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Arkell Thomas R. , Downey Luke A. , Hayley Amie C. , Roth Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe use of cannabis as a medicine is becoming increasingly prevalent. Given the diverse range of conditions being treated with medical cannabis, as well as the vast array of products and dose forms available, clinical evidence incorporating patient-reported outcomes may help determine safety and efficacy.ObjectiveTo assess whether patients using medical cannabis report improvements in health-related quality of life over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective case series study was conducted at a network of specialist medical clinics (Emerald Clinics) located across Australia. Participants were patients who received treatment for any indication at any point between December 2018 and May 2022. Patients were followed up every mean (SD) 44.6 (30.1) days. Data for up to 15 follow-ups were reported. Statistical analysis was conducted from August to September 2022.ExposureMedical cannabis. Product types and cannabinoid content varied over time in accordance with the treating physician’s clinical judgement.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome measure was health-related quality of life as assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire.ResultsIn this case series of 3148 patients, 1688 (53.6%) were female; 820 (30.2%) were employed; and the mean (SD) age was 55.9 (18.7) years at baseline before treatment. Chronic noncancer pain was the most common indication for treatment (68.6% [2160 of 3148]), followed by cancer pain (6.0% [190 of 3148]), insomnia (4.8% [152 of 3148]), and anxiety (4.2% [132 of 3148]). After commencing treatment with medical cannabis, patients reported significant improvements relative to baseline on all 8 domains of the SF-36, and these improvements were mostly sustained over time. After controlling for potential confounders in a regression model, treatment with medical cannabis was associated with an improvement of 6.60 (95% CI, 4.57-8.63) points to 18.31 (95% CI, 15.86-20.77) points in SF-36 scores, depending on the domain (all P &amp;lt; .001). Effect sizes (Cohen d) ranged from 0.21 to 0.72. A total of 2919 adverse events were reported, including 2 that were considered serious.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series study, patients using medical cannabis reported improvements in health-related quality of life, which were mostly sustained over time. Adverse events were rarely serious but common, highlighting the need for caution with prescribing medical cannabis.
Adaptive observer‐based attack estimation and event‐triggered security control for UAVs
Authors: Pan Kunpeng , Lyu Yang , Yang Feisheng , Pan Quan 
Published: May 2023

SummaryWith the increasingly close connection between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and communication networks, it is facing an increasing number of cybersecurity threats. In this article, an event‐triggered security control problem for UAVs is investigated under the tampered input signal sent by the ground control station. First, a linear model of the lateral movement of UAV is established and the attack description is given. Second, an adaptive observer is developed to reconstruct the attack signal. The reconstructed signal is compensated as system disturbance, and then the safety control strategy with event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is designed. Furthermore, through the time interval analysis approach, the ETM, state observer, controller and attack signal are unified into a new augment system. Then, the uniformly ultimately bounded analysis and controller/observer synthesis conditions are obtained by using piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional methods. Furthermore, a sufficient condition for the parameters involving controller gain, observer gain, and the ETM parameters is given via a linear matrix inequality. Finally, simulation results are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Biodegradable Microrobots for DNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Chen Shuxun , Tan Zhiwu , Liao Pan , Li Yanfang , Qu Yun , Zhang Qi , Yang Mingxuan , Chan Kannie Wai Yan , Zhang Li , Man Kwan , Chen Zhiwei , Sun Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe delivery of nucleic acid vaccine to stimulate host immune responses against Coronavirus disease 2019 shows promise. However, nucleic acid vaccines have drawbacks, including rapid clearance and poor cellular uptake, that limit their therapeutic potential. Microrobots can be engineered to sustain vaccine release and further control the interactions with immune cells that are vital for robust vaccination. Here, the 3D fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable microrobots via the two‐photon polymerization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and their proof‐of‐concept application for DNA vaccine delivery is reported. Programmed degradation and drug release by varying the local exposure dose in 3D laser lithography and further functionalized the GelMA microspheres with polyethyleneimine for DNA vaccine delivery to dendritic cell and primary cells is demonstrated. In mice, the DNA vaccine delivered by functionalized microspheres elicited fast, enhanced, and durable antigen expression, which may lead to prolonged protection. Furthermore, we demonstrate the maneuverability of microrobots by fabricating GelMA microspheres on magnetic skeletons. In conclusion, GelMA microrobots may provide an efficient vaccination strategy by controlling the expression duration of DNA vaccines.
Copper‐Single‐Atom Coordinated Nanotherapeutics for Enhanced Sonothermal‐Parallel Catalytic Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Qi Ye , Ren Shuangsong , Ye Junwei , Bi Shengnan , Shi Lei , Fang Yueguang , Wang Guangyao , Finfrock Y. Zou , Li Jun , Che Ying , Ning Guiling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhototherapy and sonotherapy are recognized by scientific medicine as effective strategies for treating certain cancers. However, these strategies have limitations such as an inability to penetrate deeper tissues and overcome the antioxidant tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel “BH” interfacial‐confined coordination strategy to synthesize hyaluronic acid‐functionalized single copper atoms dispersed over boron imidazolate framework‐derived nanocubes (HA‐NC_Cu) to achieve sonothermal–catalytic synergistic therapy is reported. Notably, HA‐NC_Cu demonstrates exceptional sonothermal conversion performance under low‐intensity ultrasound irradiation, attained through intermolecular lattice vibrations. In addition, it shows promise as an efficient biocatalyst, able to generate high‐toxicity hydroxyl radicals in response to tumor‐endogenous hydrogen peroxide and glutathione. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the superior parallel catalytic performance of HA‐NC_Cu originates from the CuN4C/B active sites. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations consistently demonstrate that the sonothermal–catalytic synergistic strategy significantly improves tumor inhibition rate (86.9%) and long‐term survival rate (100%). In combination with low‐intensity ultrasound irradiation, HA‐NC_Cu triggers a dual death pathway of apoptosis and ferroptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, comprehensively limiting primary triple‐negative breast cancer. This study highlights the applications of single‐atom‐coordinated nanotherapeutics in sonothermal–catalytic synergistic therapy, which may create new opportunities in biomedical research.