bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical branching as a pure death process coming down from infinity
Authors: Sagitov Serik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider the critical Galton–Watson process with overlapping generations stemming from a single founder. Assuming that both the variance of the offspring number and the average generation length are finite, we establish the convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions, conditioned on non-extinction at a remote time of observation. The limiting process is identified as a pure death process coming down from infinity.This result brings a new perspective on Vatutin’s dichotomy, claiming that in the critical regime of age-dependent reproduction, an extant population either contains a large number of short-living individuals or consists of few long-living individuals.
Bridging the accountability gap of artificial intelligence – what can be learned from Roman law?
Authors: Heine Klaus , Quintavalla Alberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the accountability gap problem posed by artificial intelligence. After sketching out the accountability gap problem we turn to ancient Roman law and scrutinise how slave-run businesses dealt with the accountability gap through an indirect agency of slaves. Our analysis shows that Roman law developed a heterogeneous framework in which multiple legal remedies coexist to accommodate the various competing interests of owners and contracting third parties. Moreover, Roman law shows that addressing the various emerging interests had been a continuous and gradual process of allocating risks among different stakeholders. The paper concludes that these two findings are key for contemporary discussions on how to regulate artificial intelligence.
Planned Plunder, the British Museum, and the 1868 Maqdala Expedition
Authors: Patrizio Gunning Lucia , Challis Debbie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn 1863, Emperor Tewodros II of Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea) took a British consul hostage; five years later, the British sent a punitive expedition. This military expedition continued the brutal tradition of earlier ones and shaped later campaigns in Sudan and West Africa in the 1890s. Typically, a large contingent of non-military personnel accompanied these expeditions and the 1868 expedition to Maqdala was no different. What was unique for Maqdala was the inclusion of a member of staff from the British Museum. We argue that a letter from Charles Thomas Newton, keeper of the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, to Sir Roderick Murchison, the president of the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), illustrates that the plunder of cultural heritage was planned. We also argue that the plunder did not go to plan. The inclusion of a man from the museum made this expedition unique in the museum's history. The acquisition of these objects through colonial violence constitutes a strong moral reason for their repatriation from the British Museum and the numerous institutions in which they are dispersed. Understanding the planning involved in their plunder illustrates the entanglement of politics and imperialism with scientific and cultural institutions that constituted the backbone of Victorian Britain.
Seroprevalence and microscopy detection rates of strongyloidiasis in Croatian patients with eosinophilia
Authors: Sviben M. , Meštrović T. , Topić M. Balen , Sternak S. Ljubin , Dida G. O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Infection with the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis is characteristic for tropical and subtropical regions of the world, but autochthonous cases have been reported in European countries as well. Here we present the first nation-wide survey of S. stercoralis seroprevalence in Croatian individuals presenting with eosinophilia, and evaluate the fraction of positive microscopy rates in stool specimens of seropositive individuals. In our sample of 1407 patients tested between 2018 and 2021, the overall prevalence of strongyloidiasis was 9.31%, with significantly higher rates in those older than 60 years of age (P = 0.005). Of those, one-quarter (25.95%) were also positive following microscopy examination of faeces after using the merthiolate–iodine–formaldehyde concentration method. Our findings reinforce the notion of endemic strongyloidiasis transmission in Croatia, particularly in older individuals, and highlight the need to consider the presence of S. stercoralis in patients with eosinophilia.
The value of reducing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy in the treatment of degenerative meniscus tears: a budget impact analysis
Authors: van Well Evelien B. , Wijn Stan R.W. , Hannink Gerjon , Grutters Janneke P.C. , Rovers Maroeska M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Numerous studies have shown that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is not (cost-) effective in patients with symptoms attributed to a degenerative meniscus tear. We aimed to assess the budget impact of reducing APM in routine clinical practice in this population.

Materials and methods
A patient-level state transition model was developed to simulate patients recently diagnosed with a degenerative meniscus tear. Three strategies were compared: “current guideline” (i.e., postpone surgery to at least 3 months after diagnosis), “APM at any time” (i.e., APM available directly after diagnosis), and “nonsurgical” (i.e., APM no longer performed). Total societal costs over 5 years were calculated to determine the budget impact. Probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainty.

Results
The average cost per patient over 5 years were EUR 5,077, EUR 4,577, and EUR 4,218, for the “APM at any time,” “current guideline,” and “nonsurgical” strategy, respectively. Removing APM from the treatment mix (i.e., 30,000 patients per year) in the Netherlands, resulted in a reduction in health care expenditures of EUR 54 million (95 percent confidence interval [CI] EUR 38 million–EUR 70 million) compared to the “current guideline strategy” and EUR 129 million (95 percent CI EUR 102 million–EUR 156 million) compared to the “APM at any time” strategy. Sensitivity analyses showed that uncertainty did not alter our conclusions.

Conclusions
Substantial costs can be saved when APM is no longer performed to treat symptoms attributed to degenerative meniscus tears in the Netherlands. It is therefore recommended to further reduce the use of APM to treat degenerative meniscus tears.
Urgent aortic valve neocuspidization using the Ozaki procedure in an infant with native aortic valve endocarditis
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , Pamuk Utku , Gursu Hazım Alper , Atalay Atakan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNative valve aortic endocarditis is rarely seen in the paediatric population. Although, the first-line of treatment is medical, surgical intervention may be indicated in patients with unrepairable valvular and subvalvular disease. Recently, the aortic valve neocuspidization (AVNeo) procedure has gained popularity both in adult and children in whom other repair techniques are not feasible. In this case report, we present an urgent aortic valve replacement using the AVNeo technique in a critically ill infant with a small annulus, severe left ventricular outflow tract stenosis, and severe aortic regurgitation.
Maternal prenatal psychological distress and motor/cognitive development in two-year-old offspring: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Mori Miyuki , Nishigori Toshie , Ogata Yuka , Suzuki Taeko , Sato Akiko , Murata Tsuyoshi , Kyozuka Hyo , Yamaguchi Akiko , Metoki Hirohito , Shinohara Yoshie , Takahashi Toshifumi , Shinoki Kosei , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Fujimori Keiya , Yasumura Seiji , Hashimoto Koichi , Goto Aya , Nishigori Hidekazu ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractMaternal prenatal psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, may affect offspring’s motor/cognitive development. However, research findings have been inconsistent. We used a dataset from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study to evaluate associations between maternal six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) scores and motor/cognitive development among offspring at two years of age. Their offspring’s motor/cognitive development was assessed using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001. Records for 1859 male and 1817 female offspring were analyzed. The maternal K6 was administered twice during pregnancy: at a median of 14.6 weeks (M-T1) and 27.3 weeks (M-T2) of gestation. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the group with K6 scores ≤4 at both M-T1 and M-T2 as a reference. In the group with K6 scores ≥5 at both M-T1 and M-T2, male offspring had significantly lower developmental quotients (DQ) in the posture-motor area (partial regression coefficient [B]: −3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.92 to −1.44) and language-social area (B: −1.93; 95%CI: −3.73 to −0.12), while female offspring had a lower DQ for the language-social area (B: −1.95; 95%CI: −3.73 to −0.17). In those with K6 scores ≥5 only at M-T1 or M-T2, male and female offspring did not differ significantly in DQ for any area. Continuous maternal psychological distress from the first to the second half of pregnancy was associated with lower motor and verbal cognitive development in male offspring and lower verbal cognitive development in female offspring at 2 years compared with the group without persistent maternal prenatal psychological distress.
Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming Along the Kuroshio off Taiwan Under Easterly Wind Conditions
Authors: Chang Ming‐Huei , Cheng Yu‐Hsin , Yeh Yu‐Yu , Hsu Je‐Yuan , Jan Sen , Tseng Yu‐heng , Sui Chung‐Hsiung , Yang Yiing Jang , Lin Po‐Hsiung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe carry out the Lagrangian diurnal warm layer (DWL) observations, supplemented by satellite products, along the strong Kuroshio east of Taiwan, where the boundary terrain modifies the winds and the advection effect is significant. The synoptic easterly wind bifurcates as it encounters Taiwan's coast, forming the southward‐blowing and the northward‐blowing branches in the southern and northern regions of the bifurcation, respectively. The two branches produce areas with enhanced and weakened apparent wind speed relative to the northeastward flowing Kuroshio. The DWL can reach 5 m in the south of the bifurcation due to the shear instability‐induced mixing. Sea surface temperature (SST) enhancement occurs around and in the north of the wind bifurcation, where the solar heat is only trapped in the upper 2 m due to the absence of instability, forming inhomogeneous SST along the Kuroshio. The synoptic wind variations and Kuroshio advection further modulate the location of SST enhancement.
Global Warming has Increased the Distance Traveled by Marine Heatwaves
Authors: He Yongli , Zhang Boyuan , Xia Zihan , Wang Shanshan , Guan Xiaodan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the destructive effects of marine heatwaves (MHWs) on marine ecosystems and local economies, whether they become more frequent and stronger under global warming has attracted much attention. The proposed event‐based algorithm identifies 3,843 MHWs during 1982–2020. Except for the MHW frequency, the global averaged duration, intensity, area and moving distance increased significantly. The contributions of the frequency and mean projection area to the total projection area were further investigated from the four categories of MHWs. The results showed that for moderate MHWs, frequency contributes more than the mean projection area to the increase in projection area; however, for strong, severe, and extreme MHWs, the mean projection area contributes much more than frequency. Due to the increased moving distance, the projected area change of the extreme MHW dominates the increase in the total projected area. The high sensitivity of extreme MHWs to global warming deserves extra attention.
Evaluating Changes in the Moisture Sources for Tropical Cyclones Precipitation in the North Atlantic That Underwent Extratropical Transition
Authors: Pérez‐Alarcón Albenis , Coll‐Hidalgo Patricia , Fernández‐Alvarez José C. , Trigo Ricardo M. , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the changes in the origin of moisture for the precipitation associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) after extratropical transition (ET) over the North Atlantic Ocean basin from 1980 to 2018. We analyzed the 24 hr before and after the occurrence of ET events. By applying a TC‐centric methodology we found that the moisture uptake (MU) occurred predominantly in the south and southwest sectors within ∼2,000 km of TC center before ET and from the southwest and west sectors after ET. In addition, the development of the cold front and the warm conveyor belt after ET induces changes in the moisture transport pattern. Overall, the secondary circulation of TCs favored the moisture flux inward for TCs precipitation, while the large‐scale baroclinic environment controlled the MU after ET.
Characteristics of the Matuyama‐Brunhes Magnetic Field Reversal Based on a Global Data Compilation
Authors: Mahgoub Ahmed Nasser , Korte Monika , Panovska Sanja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagnetic field reversals are irregular events in Earth's history when the geomagnetic field changes its polarity. Reversals are recorded by spot and continuous remanent magnetization data collected from lava flows and marine sediments, respectively. The latest field reversal, the Matuyama‐Brunhes reversal (MBR), is better covered by paleomagnetic data than prior field reversals, hence providing an opportunity to understand the physical mechanisms. Despite the quantity of data, a full understanding of the MBR is still lacking. The evolution of the MBR in time and space is explored in this work by compiling a global set of paleomagnetic data, both from sediments and volcanic rocks, which encompass the period 900–700 ka. After careful evaluation of data and dating quality, regional and global stacks of virtual axial dipole moment (VADM), virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP), and paleosecular variation index (Pi) are constructed from the sediment records using bootstrap resampling. Individual VADMs and VGPs calculated from lavas are compared to these stacks. Four phases of full‐vector field instability are observed in these stacks over the period 800–770 ka. The first three phases, observed at 800–785 ka, reflect a rapid weakening of the field coupled with low VGP latitude, after which the field returned to the reverse polarity of the Matuyama chron. The fourth phase, lasting from 780 to 770 ka, is when the field reversal process completed, such that the field entered the Brunhes normal polarity state. These findings point to a complex reversal process lasting ∼30 Kyr, with the reversal ending at ∼770 ka.
Origin of congenital coronary arterio-ventricular fistulae from anomalous epicardial and myocardial development
Authors: Palmquist-Gomes P. , Ruiz-Villalba A. , Guadix J. A. , Romero J. P. , Bessiéres B. , MacGrogan D. , Conejo L. , Ortiz A. , Picazo B. , Houyel L. , Gómez-Cabrero D. , Meilhac S. M. , de la Pompa J. L. , Pérez-Pomares J. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCoronary Artery Fistulae (CAFs) are cardiac congenital anomalies consisting of an abnormal communication of a coronary artery with either a cardiac chamber or another cardiac vessel. In humans, these congenital anomalies can lead to complications such as myocardial hypertrophy, endocarditis, heart dilatation, and failure. Unfortunately, despite their clinical relevance, the aetiology of CAFs remains unknown. In this work, we have used two different species (mouse and avian embryos) to experimentally model CAFs morphogenesis. Both conditional Itga4 (alpha 4 integrin) epicardial deletion in mice and cryocauterisation of chick embryonic hearts disrupted epicardial development and ventricular wall growth, two essential events in coronary embryogenesis. Our results suggest that myocardial discontinuities in the embryonic ventricular wall promote the early contact of the endocardium with epicardial-derived coronary progenitors at the cardiac surface, leading to ventricular endocardial extrusion, precocious differentiation of coronary smooth muscle cells, and the formation of pouch-like aberrant coronary-like structures in direct connection with the ventricular lumen. The structure of these CAF-like anomalies was compared with histopathological data from a human CAF. Our results provide relevant information for the early diagnosis of these congenital anomalies and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their embryogenesis.
SIRT6 is a key regulator of mitochondrial function in the brain
Authors: Smirnov Dmitrii , Eremenko Ekaterina , Stein Daniel , Kaluski Shai , Jasinska Weronika , Cosentino Claudia , Martinez-Pastor Barbara , Brotman Yariv , Mostoslavsky Raul , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Toiber Debra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe SIRT6 deacetylase has been implicated in DNA repair, telomere maintenance, glucose and lipid metabolism and, importantly, it has critical roles in the brain ranging from its development to neurodegeneration. Here, we combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to characterize the functions of SIRT6 in mouse brains. Our analysis reveals that SIRT6 is a central regulator of mitochondrial activity in the brain. SIRT6 deficiency in the brain leads to mitochondrial deficiency with a global downregulation of mitochondria-related genes and pronounced changes in metabolite content. We suggest that SIRT6 affects mitochondrial functions through its interaction with the transcription factor YY1 that, together, regulate mitochondrial gene expression. Moreover, SIRT6 target genes include SIRT3 and SIRT4, which are significantly downregulated in SIRT6-deficient brains. Our results demonstrate that the lack of SIRT6 leads to decreased mitochondrial gene expression and metabolomic changes of TCA cycle byproducts, including increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial number, and impaired membrane potential that can be partially rescued by restoring SIRT3 and SIRT4 levels. Importantly, the changes we observed in SIRT6-deficient brains are also occurring in aging human brains and particularly in patients with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease. Overall, our results suggest that the reduced levels of SIRT6 in the aging brain and neurodegeneration initiate mitochondrial dysfunction by altering gene expression, ROS production, and mitochondrial decay.
Modulations of the neuronal trafficking of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) influences glutamate release
Authors: Varangot Alexandre , Lebatard Simon , Bellemain-Sagnard Mathys , Lebouvier Laurent , Hommet Yannick , Vivien Denis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe discovery of the neuronal expression of the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has opened new avenues of research, with important implications in the physiopathology of the central nervous system. For example, the interaction of tPA with synaptic receptors (NMDAR, LRP1, Annexin II, and EGFR) and its role in the maturation of BDNF have been reported to influence synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. However, the mechanisms regulating the neuronal trafficking of tPA are unknown. Here, using high-resolution live cell imaging and a panel of innovative genetic approaches, we first unmasked the dynamic characteristics of the dendritic and axonal trafficking of tPA-containing vesicles under different paradigms of neuronal activation or inhibition. We then report a constitutive exocytosis of tPA- and VAMP2-positive vesicles, dramatically increased in conditions of neuronal activation, with a pattern which was mainly dendritic and thus post-synaptic. We also observed that the synaptic release of tPA led to an increase of the exocytosis of VGlut1 positive vesicles containing glutamate. Finally, we described alterations of the trafficking and exocytosis of neuronal tPA in cultured cortical neurons prepared from tau-22 transgenic mice (a preclinical model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)). Altogether, these data provide new insights about the neuronal trafficking of tPA, contributing to a better knowledge of the tPA-dependent brain functions and dysfunctions.
HDAC1 disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle through the deacetylation of Nur77 and promotes inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion mice
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Bai Yunpeng , Qi Yujuan , Chang Chao , Jiao Yan , Bai Yaobang , Guo Zhigang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHistone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) regulate protein acetylation. HDAC1 is known to enhance ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its underlying mechanism(s) of action have not been defined. Here, in vivo mouse models of myocardial I/R were used to investigate the role of HDAC1 during I/R myocardial injury. We show that HDAC1 enhances the inflammatory responses of I/R mice. Using a constructed macrophage H/R (hypoxia/ regeneration) injury model (Raw264.7 cells), we identified Nur77 as a HDAC1 target in macrophages. Nur77 deficient macrophages failed to downregulate IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) and accumulated succinic acid and other tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-derived metabolites in a glutamine-independent manner. These data show that the inhibition of HDAC1 ameliorates H/R-inflammation in macrophages through the regulation of Nur77 and the TCA cycle.
Impact of the Euro 2020 championship on the spread of COVID-19
Authors: Dehning Jonas , Mohr Sebastian B. , Contreras Sebastian , Dönges Philipp , Iftekhar Emil N. , Schulz Oliver , Bechtle Philip , Priesemann Viola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge-scale events like the UEFA Euro 2020 football (soccer) championship offer a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of gatherings on the spread of COVID-19, as the number and dates of matches played by participating countries resembles a randomized study. Using Bayesian modeling and the gender imbalance in COVID-19 data, we attribute 840,000 (95% CI: [0.39M, 1.26M]) COVID-19 cases across 12 countries to the championship. The impact depends non-linearly on the initial incidence, the reproduction number R, and the number of matches played. The strongest effects are seen in Scotland and England, where as much as 10,000 primary cases per million inhabitants occur from championship-related gatherings. The average match-induced increase in R was 0.46 [0.18, 0.75] on match days, but important matches caused an increase as large as +3. Altogether, our results provide quantitative insights that help judge and mitigate the impact of large-scale events on pandemic spread.