bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatrists’ attitudes towards functional neurological disorders: results from a national survey
Authors: Marotta Angela , Lasalvia Antonio , Fiorio Mirta , Zanalda Enrico , Di Sciascio Guido , Palumbo Claudia , Papola Davide , Barbui Corrado , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionFunctional neurological disorder (FND) presents motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms characterized by clinical signs incongruent with known neurological disease. Together with other health professionals, like neurologists, psychiatrists can play an essential role in diagnosing and managing these disorders. Hence, understanding their opinion and clinical experience with FND is of utmost importance to catch potential educational needs and improve healthcare services for patients. This study aims at assessing the knowledge, opinion, and clinical approach of Italian psychiatrists to FND.MethodsMembers of the Italian Society of Psychiatry completed a 14-item web-based survey investigating their approach to FND. Results. Overall, 174 questionnaires were completed. Our main findings suggest that Italian psychiatrists have a psychogenetic conceptualization of FND. “Conversion disorders”, in fact, is the term most frequently used by Italian psychiatrists to refer to FND, thus implying a psychological etiology of these disorders. Congruently with this view, psychotherapy associated with pharmacological therapy is considered the most appropriate treatment by psychiatrists, while physiotherapy is an under-recognized treatment option for FND.DiscussionThe present study highlights that a psychogenetic view of FND dominates among Italian psychiatrists. This could be due to out-of-date knowledge about the pathophysiology of this group of disorders. Promoting education about novel approaches to FND would be of crucial importance to improving care for patients suffering from this condition.
Genomic epidemiology of dengue in Shantou, China, 2019
Authors: Tian Lina , Liang Chumin , Huang Xiaorong , Liu Zhe , Su Juan , Guo Chuan , Zhu Guanghu , Sun Jiufeng 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesDengue has been endemic in Southeast Asian countries for decades. There are few reports tracing the dynamics of dengue in real time. In this study, we generated hundreds of pathogen genomes to understand the genomic epidemiology of an outbreak in a hyper-endemic area of dengue.MethodsWe leveraged whole-genome short-read sequencing (PE150) to generate genomes of the dengue virus and investigated the genomic epidemiology of a dengue virus transmission in a mesoscale outbreak in Shantou, China, in 2019.ResultsThe outbreak was sustained from July to December 2019. The total accumulated number of laboratory-confirmed cases was 944. No gender bias or fatalities were recorded. Cambodia and Singapore were the main sources of imported dengue cases (74.07%, n = 20). A total of 284 dengue virus strains were isolated, including 259 DENV-1, 24 DENV-2, and 1 DENV-3 isolates. We generated the entire genome of 252 DENV isolates (229 DENV-1, 22 DENV-2, and 1 DENV-3), which represented 26.7% of the total cases. Combined epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicated multiple independent introductions. The internal transmission evaluations and transmission network reconstruction supported the inference of phylodynamic analysis, with high Bayes factor support in BSSVS analysis. Two expansion founders and transmission chains were detected in CCH and LG of Shantou.ConclusionsWe observed the instant effects of genomic epidemiology in monitoring the dynamics of DENV and highlighted its prospects for real-time tracing of outbreaks of other novel agents in the future.
Self-reported medication adherence instruments and their applicability in low-middle income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Khoiry Qisty A. , Alfian Sofa D. , van Boven Job F. M. , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMedication non-adherence is an important public health issue, associated with poor clinical and economic outcomes. Globally, self-reported instruments are the most widely used method to assess medication adherence. However, the majority of these were developed in high-income countries (HICs) with a well-established health care system. Their applicability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unclear. The objective of this study is to systematically review the applicability of content and use of self-reported adherence instruments in LMICs.MethodA scoping review informed by a literature search in Pubmed, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify studies assessing medication adherence using self-reported instruments for patients with five common chronic diseases [hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, asthma, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)] in LMICs up to January 2022 with no constraints on publication year. Two reviewers performed the study selection process, data extraction and outcomes assessment independently. Outcomes focused on LMIC applicability of the self-reported adherence instruments assessed by (i) containing LMIC relevant adherence content; (ii) methodological quality and (iii) fees for use.FindingsWe identified 181 studies that used self-reported instruments for assessing medication adherence in LMICs. A total of 32 distinct types of self-reported instruments to assess medication adherence were identified. Of these, 14 self-reported instruments were developed in LMICs, while the remaining ones were adapted from self-reported instruments originally developed in HICs. All self-reported adherence instruments in studies included presented diverse potential challenges regarding their applicability in LMICs, included an underrepresentation of LMIC relevant non-adherence reasons, such as financial issues, use of traditional medicines, religious beliefs, lack of communication with healthcare provider, running out of medicine, and access to care. Almost half of included studies showed that the existing self-reported adherence instruments lack sufficient evidence regarding cross cultural validation and internal consistency. In 70% of the studies, fees applied for using the self-reported instruments in LMICs.ConclusionThere seems insufficient emphasis on applicability and methodological rigor of self-reported medication adherence instruments used in LMICs. This presents an opportunity for developing a self-reported adherence instrument that is suitable to health systems and resources in LMICs.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022302215.
Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Authors: AlMukdad Sawsan , Harfouche Manale , Farooqui Uzma S. , Aldos Lana , Abu-Raddad Laith J. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Canada.MethodsHSV-1 publications as recent as December 6, 2021 were systematically reviewed, synthesized, and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.ResultsHSV-1 measures were extracted from 22 studies and included 32 overall seroprevalence measures (79 stratified), 2 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (2 stratified), and 8 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes (27 stratified). Pooled mean seroprevalence was 19.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.6–26.4%] among healthy children and 51.4% (95% CI: 47.3–55.5%) among healthy adults. Pooled mean seroprevalence among healthy general populations increased with age, with the lowest being 35.7% (95% CI: 29.1–42.6%) among individuals &lt;20 years of age, and the highest being 70.0% (95% CI: 54.8–83.2) among individuals ≥40 years. Seroprevalence increased by 1.02-fold (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) per year. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital ulcer disease was 30.8% (95% CI: 12.6–52.8%). Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes was 37.4% (95% CI: 29.5–45.6%) and was highest in women and in young persons. Proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes increased by 1.04-fold (95% CI: 1.00–1.08) per year.ConclusionsHSV-1 epidemiology in Canada appears to be shifting toward less oral acquisition in childhood and more genital acquisition in adulthood, particularly among youth. Both HSV-1 seroprevalence and proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes are increasing with time.
Knowledge and practice of infant exposure to sunlight among mothers in the rural villages of Mettu district, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Askalemariam , Yeshanew Solomon , Gedefa Abdi Geda 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSunlight is essential for the synthesis of vitamin D and supports bone growth and strength. The awareness of mothers about the benefit of exposing their infants to sunlight, as well as the practice of doing so, is important to a child’s proper growth and development. The current study looked into mothers’ knowledge, practice, and factors related to infant sunlight exposure in rural villages in the Mettu district, southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was utilized with randomly selected mothers of newborns from rural areas in the Mettu district. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS version 21 software. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out, and p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAmong the 600 mothers who participated in the present study, 397 (66.2%) had good knowledge and 346 (57.7%) practiced proper exposure of their infants to sunlight. Out of the 482 mothers who practiced sunning, 382 (79.3%) did it daily, and 409 (84.8%) began sunning before 45 days of birth. However, 453 (94%) of the mothers used lubricants while sunbathing. Sociodemographic characteristics were found to have statistically significant associations with the level of knowledge and practice of mothers. Mothers with four to six children [AOR = 0.511, 95% CI: (0.352–0.741)] and those who got the information from health professionals [AOR = 3.285, 95% CI: (2.154, 5.011)] for the knowledge level, and mothers aged 36 years old and above [AOR = 0.801, 95% CI: (0.533, 0.161)], who were married during the data collection period [AOR = 0.370, 95% CI: (0.155, 0.884)], and employed by the government [AOR = 4.081, CI: (1.477, 11.280)] for the practice level were found to be significantly (p &lt; 0.05) associated with the level of infant sunning.ConclusionDespite the fact that the majority of mothers in the study area had good knowledge and practice of infant sunlight exposure, there are clear signs that further work is needed to narrow the large gap seen in the present findings. Thus, district and zonal health offices, as well as stakeholders working with children, should start periodical maternity health education, and professional development training for health post workers.
Promise and unrealized potential: 10 years of the American Medical Association classifying obesity as a disease
Authors: Schumacher Leah M. , Ard Jamy , Sarwer David B. 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIn June 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA), one of the most influential healthcare organizations in the United States, voted to recognize obesity as a disease. Many who supported this change believed that recognition by AMA of obesity as a disease would serve as a tipping point that would increase access to care, accelerate training and research on the prevention and treatment of obesity, and reduce weight stigma. On the 10-year anniversary of this vote, this perspective piece outlines key advances made, as well as unrealized potential, in improving the obesity public health landscape since the AMA’s classification of obesity as a disease.MethodsWe draw on the empirical literature, as well as our experiences as clinical psychologists, a physician, and public health researchers specializing in obesity, to provide an overview of major advances and continued challenges in improving access to obesity treatment, accelerating prevention and training, and reducing weight stigma. We also outline important next steps to advance these goals.ResultsWhile several notable advancements have occurred, significant work remains to create equitable access to evidence-based treatments, bring research and training on obesity on par with its prevalence, and reduce the pervasiveness and harm of weight stigma.ConclusionThe past decade has witnessed some advances with respect to access to care and attention, yet there is unrealized potential that awaits attention. Truly conceptualizing and treating obesity as a chronic disease requires a major paradigm shift.
Survey of electroencephalography usage and techniques for dogs
Authors: Luca Julia , McCarthy Samantha , Parmentier Thomas , Hazenfratz Michal , Linden Alex Zur , Gaitero Luis , James Fiona M. K. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundCanine epilepsy is a chronic common neurologic condition where seizures may be underreported. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the patient-side test providing an objective diagnostic criterion for seizures and epilepsy. Despite this, EEG is thought to be rarely used in veterinary neurology.ObjectivesThis survey study aims to better understand the current canine EEG usage and techniques and barriers in veterinary neurology.MethodsThe online Qualtrics link was distributed via listserv to members of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Neurology Specialty and the European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN), reaching at least 517 veterinary neurology specialists and trainees worldwide.ResultsThe survey received a 35% response rate, for a total of 180 participant responses. Fewer than 50% of veterinary neurologists are currently performing EEG and it is performed infrequently. The most common indication was to determine a discrete event diagnosis. Other reasons included monitoring treatment, determining brain death, identifying the type of seizure or epilepsy, localizing foci, sleep disorders, for research purposes, and post-op brain surgery monitorization. Most respondents interpreted their own EEGs. Clinical barriers to the performance of EEG in dogs were mainly equipment availability, insufficient cases, and financial costs to clients.ConclusionThis survey provides an update on EEG usage and techniques for dogs, identifying commonalities of technique and areas for development as a potential basis for harmonization of canine EEG techniques. A validated and standardized canine EEG protocol is hoped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of canine epilepsy.
A Hybrid Artificial Ecosystem Optimizer and Incremental-Conductance Maximum-Power-Point-Tracking-Controlled Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Abdullah Burhan U Din , Lata Suman , Jaiswal Shiva Pujan , Bhadoria Vikas Singh , Fotis Georgios , Santas Athanasios , Ekonomou Lambros 
Published: July 2023

When tracking the peak power point in PV systems, incremental conductance is the most common technique used. This approach preserves the first trap in the local peak power point, but it is unable to quickly keep up with the ever-changing peak power point under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. In this paper, the authors propose a hybrid algorithm, combining an artificial ecosystem optimizer and an incremental-conductance-based MPPT to solve these issues of traditional MPPT under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. The proposed hybrid algorithm has been applied to three scenarios, namely the constant irradiance condition, the varying irradiance condition, and the varying temperature condition. Under the constant irradiance condition, the PV array is maintained at a temperature of 25 °C and an irradiance of 1000 W/m2. The voltage of the DC link of the neutral-pointed-clamped inverter is maintained at 1000 V. Under the varying irradiance condition, the irradiance of the PV array is increased from 400 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2with a step size of 0.2 s. The same step size is maintained while decreasing the irradiance level from 1000 W/m2 to 400 W/m2, with a step change of 0.2 s. However, the temperature is maintained at 25 °C. Under the varying temperature condition, the temperature of the PV array varies from 35 °C, 25 °C, 15 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C with a step size of 0.2 s, and the irradiance is maintained at 1000 W/m2. The DC link voltage in all three conditions is maintained at 1000 V, which confirms that the hybrid algorithm has been able to vary the duty cycle of the pulse wave modulation generator in such a manner that the variable DC voltage produced by the PV array has been changed by the flyback converter into a stable DC voltage. The simulation results show that the total harmonic distortion (THD) under all the simulated scenarios is within 5%, which agrees with IEEE standards. In the future, this algorithm may be compared with other types of available MPPTs under partial shading.
Essential Oils and Their Components Control Behaviour of Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Larvae
Authors: Bumbulytė Gabrielė , Būdienė Jurga , Būda Vincas 
Published: July 2023

Beetle Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is a well-known pest of grain and flour in food stores and grocery shops. Recently, commercial cultivation of the insect was started for human food and animal feed. Behaviour control of this insect using natural repellents is promising both for grain protection and commercial cultivation. We analysed if natural products of plant origin, namely essential oils (EOs), could be used for this purpose. Behavioural tests were performed using EOs of six plants: thymus (Thymus vulgaris), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), spearmint (Mentha spicata), lavandin (Lavandula × hybrida), East-Indian lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), and clove (Eugenia caryophyllus). The most effective repellent for mealworm larvae was EO of spearmint, moderate activity showed that of clove and the least repellent were EOs of lemongrass thymus and lavandin. EO of eucalyptus caused almost no or very low effect. Six of the most abundant compounds of the EOs were selected for testing. The most effective single compounds were terpinene-4-ol and carvone, low-effective cis-sabinene hydrates and those of no significant activity were limonene, myrcene and γ-terpinene.
Identification of Critical Locations for Improvement of Air Quality Developing a Prioritized Clean Air Assessment Tool (PCAT)
Authors: Dubey Kanishtha , Verma Shubha , Santra Sauvik , Kumar Mukul 
Published: July 2023

Fourteen Indian cities, including urban and rural locations, were chosen for the present study across India, with unhealthy air quality based on National Air Quality Index (NAQI > 100). However, it was found that NAQI values over the locations are driven by the undifferentiated mass concentration of particulate matter (PM, both PM10 and PM2.5) than other criteria pollutants. The PM2.5 and PM10 concentration during the winter violated the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of India by two to five times at six urban locations, with the mean daily PM2.5 concentration averaged over the month; the the largest being at Patna (353 µg m−3) during the winter and lowest at Bengaluru (27 µg m−3) during the summer. The analysis of chemical species, in general, indicated NO2 (SO2, CO) as having a 25% to 70% (16% to 50%, 16% to 85%) increase in concentration from the summer to winter, which is adequately reflected in higher fuzzy scores during the winter. Thus, to provide a realistic approach to air quality management, the present study focuses on identifying priority-based locations requiring immediate mitigation measures by developing a Prioritized Clean Air Assessment Tool (PCAT). The tool utilizes a fuzzy-based algorithm to incorporate the cumulative effect of all six criteria pollutants, taking into consideration the severity of their expected health implications. Using PCAT, Delhi and Varanasi cities are identified for prioritized mitigation considering the NAAQS of India, unlike all cities (except Bengaluru) during the winter and nine out of fourteen cities during the summer, considering the NAQI. Using more stringent WHO guideline values in PCAT, six cities out of fourteen were identified requiring immediate mitigation during the winter and summer months; locations such as Solapur and Patna are identified to need season-specific mitigation measures during the summer and winter, respectively. The tool is simplistic, user-friendly, and quickly evaluates multiple locations simultaneously to provide priority sites.
UK general practice service delivery research priorities: an adapted James Lind Alliance approach
Authors: Abrams Ruth , Blake Sharon 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundGeneral practice is in a state of crisis in a number of countries. In the UK, a range of measures have been introduced to address the situation, including innovations such as practice networks, multidisciplinary roles, and digital technologies. However, identifying what still needs fixing could benefit from more evidence, particularly in relation to day-to-day service delivery.AimTo identify the general practice workforce’s top 10 research priorities to improve service delivery.Design and settingThis priority-setting study used an adapted James Lind Alliance methodology and involved staff working in general practice across the UK.MethodThe study comprised four phases: an online qualitative survey issued to the general practice workforce (clinical and non-clinical groups); thematic analysis of free-text responses; generation of indicative research questions; and the undertaking of ranking exercises with responders of the original survey. An online workshop was held with participants at the final stage of prioritisation.ResultsIn total, 93 staff completed a survey in Phase 1, from which 20 themes were categorised and developed into research questions. Twenty- two staff responded to the first ranking activity and 11 took part in a second ranking activity to discuss themes that had a tied vote. The final top 10 research priorities were: volume of work; patient behaviour; consultations; employment pay and conditions; workload dumping and care of patients on waiting list; funding; overwhelming pressure; patient health education; complex patient needs; and interfaces with secondary care. However, there was no clear ranking of these 10 priorities; instead, they carried equal weight and were closely interconnected.ConclusionApplying a marginal-gains approach, by seeking to explore all 10 priorities simultaneously as opposed to concentrating on one area at a time, may provide more noticeable improvements overall. Systems-based approaches that take account of the marked role that context has may be a particularly useful lens for future research.
DEVELOPMENTS IN ENERGY POLICIES IN TURKIYE AND INVESTIGATION OF PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY WITHIN NUTS 1 REGIONS
Authors: SAĞLAM Büşra , OĞUZTİMUR Senay 
Published: July 2023

Energy is a vital issue, which is directly related to development. There are many publications on energy and development, renewable energy, and sustainable development. As of 2021, Türkiye is foreign dependent at a rate of 70% in energy. Therefore, energy imports constitute a tremendous economic charge for Türkiye. For this reason, within the scope of this research, energy policies and the process of Türkiye in energy are discussed.
First, the policies developed regarding energy policies in eleven development plans were examined. Then, by focusing on the recent past, fundamental economic indicators and energy indicators in Türkiye’s NUTS1 regions, a regional analysis was carried out. Finally, the regions' energy installed capacities, energy consumption, and production data are emphasized and maps were made.
"How is the energy sources distribution in NUTS1 regions in Türkiye?" and "What kind of path has been followed in the last 20 years on renewable energy, and what is the latest situation?" questions were answered in this study.