bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Tuning of CoO/CoP Heterojunction Nanowire Arrays as Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Dong Yan , Deng Zhiping , Xu Zhixiao , Liu Guangyi , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBifunctional electrocatalysts with superior activity and durability are of great importance for electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, hierarchical structured CoO/CoP heterojunctions are successfully designed as highly efficient and freestanding bifunctional electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting. The unique microstructure combining two‐dimensional nanosheets with one‐dimensional nanowires enables numerous exposed active sites, shortened ion‐diffusion pathways, and enhanced conductivity, significantly improving performance. Such freestanding electrodes achieve high current density over 400 mA cm−2 at low overpotentials and have exceptional electrocatalytic activity as well as long‐term durability for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions under alkaline conditions. Remarkably, a high current density of 20 mA cm−2 is generated at a low cell voltage of 1.56 V in an alkaline water electrolyzer, originating from synergistic interactions between CoO and CoP exposing active sites and facilitating charge transfer and enhancing kinetics. This work provides new insight into designing low‐cost but high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical water splitting.
Bioactivated and PEG‐Protected Circa 2 nm Gold Nanoparticles for in Cell Labelling and Cryo‐Electron Microscopy
Authors: Groysbeck Nadja , Hanss Victor , Donzeau Mariel , Strub Jean‐Marc , Cianférani Sarah , Spehner Danièle , Bahri Mounib , Ersen Ovidiu , Eltsov Mikhael , Schultz Patrick , Zuber Guy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdvances in cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) enable imaging of protein assemblies within mammalian cells in a near native state when samples are preserved by cryogenic vitrification. To accompany this progress, specialized EM labelling protocols must be developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 2 nm are synthesized and functionalized to bind selected intracellular targets inside living human cells and to be detected in vitreous sections. As a proof of concept, thioaminobenzoate‐, thionitrobenzoate‐coordinated gold nanoparticles are functionalized on their surface with SV40 Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS)‐containing peptides and 2 kDa polyethyleneglycols (PEG) by thiolate exchange to target the importin‐mediated nuclear machinery and facilitate cytosolic diffusion by shielding the AuNP surface from non‐specific binding to cell components, respectively. After delivery by electroporation into the cytoplasm of living human cells, the PEG‐coated AuNPs diffuse freely in the cytoplasm but do not enter the nucleus. Incorporation of NLS within the PEG coverage promotes a quick nuclear import of the nanoparticles in relation to the density of NLS onto the AuNPs. Cryo‐EM of vitreous cell sections demonstrate the presence of 2 nm AuNPs as single entities in the nucleus. Biofunctionalized AuNPs combined with live‐cell electroporation procedures are thus potent labeling tools for the identification of macromolecules in cellular cryo‐EM.
Challenges and Strategies in the Development of Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Loh Jiong Rui , Xue Junmin , Lee Wee Siang Vincent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough promising, the practical use of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) remains plagued with uncontrollable dendrite growth, parasitic side reactions, and the high intercalation energy of divalent Zn2+ions. Hence, much work has been conducted to alleviate these issues to maximize the energy density and cyclic life of the cell. In this holistic review, the mechanisms and rationale for the stated challenges shall be summarized, followed by the corresponding strategies employed to mitigate them. Thereafter, a perspective on present research and the outlook of ZIBs would be put forth in hopes to enhance their electrochemical properties in a multipronged approach.
Highly Reproducible Epitaxial Growth of Wafer‐Scale Single‐Crystal Monolayer MoS2 on Sapphire
Authors: Yang Pengfei , Liu Fachen , Li Xuan , Hu Jingyi , Zhou Fan , Zhu Lijie , Chen Qing , Gao Peng , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract2D semiconducting transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable attention as channel materials for next‐generation transistors. To meet the industry needs, large‐scale production of single‐crystal monolayer TMDs in highly reproducible and energy‐efficient manner is critically significant. Herein, it is reported that the high‐reproducible, high‐efficient epitaxial growth of wafer‐scale monolayer MoS2 single crystals on the industry‐compatible sapphire substrates, by virtue of a deliberately designed “face‐to‐face” metal‐foil‐based precursor supply route, carbon‐cloth‐filter based precursor concentration decay strategy, and the precise optimization of the chalcogenides and metal precursor ratio (i.e., S/Mo ratio). This unique growth design can concurrently guarantee the uniform release, short‐distance transport, and moderate deposition of metal precursor on a wafer‐scale substrate, affording high‐efficient and high‐reproducible growth of wafer‐scale single crystals (over two inches, six times faster than usual). Moreover, the S/Mo precursor ratio is found as a key factor for the epitaxial growth of MoS2 single crystals with rather high crystal quality, as convinced by the relatively high electronic performances of related devices. This work demonstrates a reliable route for the batch production of wafer‐scale single‐crystal 2D materials, thus propelling their practical applications in highly integrated high‐performance nanoelectronics and optoelectronics.
In Situ/Operando Methods for Understanding Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Huimin , Huang Jingjing , Cai Jinmeng , Wei Yingying , Cao Ang , Liu Baozhong , Lu Siyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the development of industrial and agricultural, a large amount of nitrate is produced, which not only disrupts the natural nitrogen cycle, but also endangers public health. Among the commonly used nitrate treatment techniques, the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR) has attracted extensive attention due to its mild conditions, pollution‐free nature, and other advantages. An in‐depth understanding of the eNRR mechanism is the prerequisite for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts. However, some traditional characterization tools cannot comprehensively and deeply study the reaction process. It is necessary to develop in situ and operando techniques to reveal the reaction mechanism at the time‐resolved and atomic level. This review discusses the eNRR mechanism and summarizes the possible in situ techniques used in eNRR. A detailed introduction of various in situ techniques and their help in understanding the reaction mechanism is provided. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities in this research area are discussed and highlighted.
Species boundaries within the recently diverged South American monocot‐like Eryngium (Apiaceae, Saniculoideae) based on biogeographic, climatic, morphological, and molecular data: E. cerradense, a new species from Paraguay
Authors: Esquivel Mattos Patricia , Fernández Martina , Calviño Carolina I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe species of Eryngium with a monocot‐like habit are among the most taxonomically complex. They show low phenotypic and molecular differentiation due to their recent, rapid, and reticulate speciation during the Quaternary period. In this study, we evaluate the boundaries of the monocot‐like Eryngium regnellii and a closely related entity from the grasslands in the Cerrado of Paraguay. We integrated evidence from multiple data sources to test species delimitation: we estimated the phylogenetic position of both entities within Eryngium based on ITS nrDNA and cpDNA sequences; we carried out univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses to test statistically significant differences and to recognize morphological diagnostic characters; we also analyzed geographic distribution, habitat, and bioclimatic variables to evaluate divergence in environmental niche, and finally, we used Bayesian coalescent‐based delimitation approaches to test genetic structure. Divergence in morphology, environmental niche, and genetic structure between E. regnellii and the lineage from Paraguay support the hypothesis of evolutionary independence among these two lineages. Therefore, based on an integrative approach, we recognize and describe a new species from Paraguay: Eryngium cerradense.
Causal inference in cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Danks David , Davis Isaac 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCausal inference is a key step in many research endeavors in cognitive science and neuroscience, and particularly cognitive neuroscience. Statistical knowledge is sufficient for prediction and diagnosis, but causal knowledge is required for action and intervention. Most statistics courses and textbooks emphasize the difficulty of causal inference, focusing on the maxim that “correlation does not mean causation”: there can be multiple causal possibilities, often many of them, consistent with given observed statistics. This paper focuses instead on the conceptual issues and assumptions that confront causal and other kinds of inference, primarily focusing on cognitive neuroscience. We connect inference methods with goals and challenges, and provide concrete guidance about how to select appropriate tools for the scientific task.This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Theory and Methods
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Whey permeate as a phosphorus source for algal cultivation
Authors: Nham Quyen , Mattsson Lina , Legrand Catherine , Lindehoff Elin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroalgal cultivation for biodiesel and feed requires recycled nutrient resources for a sustainable long‐term operation. Whey permeate (WP) from dairy processing contains high organic load (lactose, oils, and proteins) and nitrogen (resources tested for microalgal cultivation) and organic phosphorus (P) that has not yet been tested as a P source for microalgal cultivation. We explored the potential of green algae strains (brackish) and polyculture (freshwater) in exploiting P from WP added to a medium based on either seawater (7 psu) or landfill leachate. Both strains showed a capacity of using organic P in WP with equal growth rates (0.94–1.12 d−1) compared with chemical phosphate treatments (0.88–1.07 d−1). The polyculture had comparable growth rate (0.25–0.57 d−1) and biomass yield (152.1–357.5 mg L−1) and similar or higher nutrient removal rate in the leachate–WP medium (1.3–6.4 mg L−1 day−1 nitrogen, 0.2–1.1 mg L−1 day−1 P) compared with the leachate–chemical phosphate medium (1.2–4.7 mg L−1 day−1 nitrogen, 0.3–1.4 mg L−1 day−1 P). This study showed that WP is a suitable P source for microalgal cultivation over a range of salinities. To date, this is the first study demonstrating that raw WP can replace mineral P fertilizer for algal cultivation.Practitioners Points
Whey permeate is a comparable phosphorus source to standard fertilizers used in algal cultivation.
Green algae removed phosphorus effectively from whey permeate.
Microalgal cultivation is a good approach for treatment of whey permeate in combination with a nitrogen‐rich wastewater.
Modulating osteoclasts with nanoparticles: A path for osteoporosis management?
Authors: Rouco Helena , García‐García Patricia , Briffault Erik , Diaz‐Rodriguez Patricia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOsteoclasts are the cells responsible for the bone resorption process during bone remodeling. In a healthy situation, this process results from an equilibrium between new matrix formation by osteoblast and matrix resorption by osteoclast. Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass density and alterations in bone microarchitecture, increasing fracture predisposition. Despite the variety of available therapies for OP management there is a growing gap in its treatment associated to the low patients' adherence owing to concerns related with long‐term efficacy or safety. This makes the development of new and safe treatments necessary. Among the newly developed strategies, the use of synthetic and natural nanoparticles to modulate osteoclasts differentiation, activity, apoptosis or crosstalk with osteoblasts have arisen. Synthetic nanoparticles exert their therapeutic effect either by loading antiresorptive drugs or including molecules for osteoclasts gene regulation. Moreover, this control over osteoclasts can be improved by their targeting to bone extracellular matrix or osteoclast membranes. Furthermore, natural nanoparticles, also known as extracellular vesicles, have been identified to play a key role in bone homeostasis. Consequently, these systems have been widely studied to control osteoblasts and osteoclasts under variable environments. Additionally, the ability to bioengineer extracellular vesicles has allowed to obtain biomimetic systems with desirable characteristics as drug carriers for osteoclasts. The analyzed information reveals the possibility of modulating osteoclasts by different mechanisms through nanoparticles decreasing bone resorption. These findings suggest that controlling osteoclast activity using nanoparticles has the potential to improve osteoporosis management.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Use of niosomes for the treatment of intracellular pathogens infecting the lungs
Authors: Bach Horacio , Lorenzo‐Leal Ana C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe delivery of drugs in an encapsulated environment is designed to precisely target specific tissues, avoiding a systemic circulation of the drug. Lungs are organs exposed to the environment with multiple defense barriers. However, many pathogens can still colonize and infect the airways bypassing the hostile environment of the lungs. In more complicated situations, some pathogens have developed strategies to multiply and survive within macrophages, one of the first immune cell responses to clearing infections in mammals. Niosomes are artificial vesicles that can be loaded with drugs, offering an alternative strategy to treat intracellular pathogens as nanocarriers. Members of the mycobacteria genus are intracellular pathogens that have evolved to escape the immunological response, specifically in macrophages, the white cells responsible for the clearance of pathogens. This review analyzed the state‐of‐the‐art niosome synthesis aimed at tackling the problem of intracellular pathogen therapy.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Empirische Ergebnisse
Authors: Jähnke Anke 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungKapitel 4 stellt die empirischen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung ins Zentrum. Zuerst werden die Ergebnisse zur Entstehungsgeschichte sowie den Entwicklungen und Erfahrungen der Interviewpartner*innen im Zeitverlauf dargestellt. Anschließend werden datengestützt ihre verschiedenen Handlungsoptionen im Versorgungssetting verdeutlicht. Abschließend wird das aus den Daten entwickelte paradigmatische Modell zur Positionierung als pflegende Angehörige und zugleich Pflegefachperson ausgeführt.
Resümee und Ausblick
Authors: Jähnke Anke 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Erkenntnisse zur Doppelrolle von Pflegefachpersonen, die zugleich pflegende Angehörige sind, bieten zahlreiche Ansatzpunkte, die Gesundheitsversorgung und ihre Qualität zu reflektieren und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten kritisch-konstruktiv zu diskutieren.
Industrial assays to evaluate the efficacy of vacuum pressure impregnation with commercial wood preservatives to eliminate the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and other nematodes from Pinus pinaster wood
Authors: Fonseca Luís , Silva Hugo , Abrantes Isabel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo demonstrate the efficacy of the vacuum pressure impregnation (VPI) with commercial wood preservative products to eliminate the quarantine organism, pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and other nematodes from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) wood, in vitro assays and industrial assays in horizontal industrial autoclave tanks were conducted. In vitro nematicidal activity assays through direct exposure of the PWN 3rd-stage dispersal juveniles, the resistance juvenile stage, extracted from naturally infected P. pinaster revealed 100% nematode mortality with three commercial wood preservatives. Nematode mortality was also assessed in VPI industrial assays with the three commercial wood preservatives using naturally PWN infected P. pinaster experimental units, with various diameters and sizes. After VPI treatment, the nematode mortality ranged from 99.9761 to 100%. After incubation, the mortality of the total number of nematodes increased and, in all sections, the nematode mortality was higher than 99.9981% and in some it was 100% indicating that wood impregnated with preservative products does not constitute an environment favorable to the reproduction and development of nematodes. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the efficiency of the VPI process results from the joint action of the physical effect of pressure and vacuum and of the nematicidal effect of the preservative product. VPI treatment can be considered a valuable approach to eliminate PWN and other nematodes from maritime pine wood avoiding the subsequent application of the heat treatment.
A comparison between the finite element method and a kinematic model derived from robot swarms for first and second gradient continua
Authors: dell’Erba Ramiro , D’Avanzo P. , Rapisarda A. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a deformable continuous medium and its discrete representation realized by a lattice of points. The former is solved using the classical variational formulation with the finite element method. The latter, a 2D discrete “kinematic” model, instead is conceived to determine the displacements of the lattice points depending on interaction rules among them and thus provides the final configuration of the system. The kinematic model assigns the displacements of some points, so-called leaders, by solving Newton’s law; the other points, namely followers, are left to rearrange themselves according to the lattice structure and the flocking rules. These rules are derived from the effort to describe the behaviour of a robot swarm as a single whole organism. The advantage of the kinematic model lies in reducing computational cost and the easiness of managing complicated structures and fracture phenomena. In addition, generalizing the discrete model to non-local interactions, such as for second gradient materials, is easier than solving partial differential equations. This paper aims to compare and discuss the deformed configurations obtained by these two approaches. The comparison between FEM and the kinematic model shows a reasonable agreement even in the case of large deformations for the standard case of the first gradient continuum.
A Hamiltonian Approach to Small Time Local Attainability of Manifolds for Nonlinear Control Systems
Authors: Soravia Pierpaolo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper develops a new approach to small time local attainability of smooth manifolds of any dimension, possibly with boundary and to prove Hölder continuity of the minimum time function. We give explicit pointwise conditions of any order by using higher order hamiltonians which combine derivatives of the controlled vector field and the functions that locally define the target. For the controllability of a point our sufficient conditions extend some classically known results for symmetric or control affine systems, using the Lie algebra instead, but for targets of higher dimension our approach and results are new. We find our sufficient higher order conditions explicit and easy to compute for targets with curvature and general control systems. Some cases of nonsmooth targets are also included.
Anthropogenic heat release due to energy consumption exacerbates European summer extreme high temperature
Authors: Chen Bing , Wu Chenglai , Song Xin , Zheng Yuhao , Lu Mingwei , Yang Huiyi , Wu Xue , Zhao Xiaoqing , Lu Zheng , Luo Tao , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic heat release (AHR) is the release of heat generated by anthropogenic energy consumption. The global mean flux of AHR is 0.03 W m−2, while AHR is geographically concentrated and fundamentally correlates with economic activity; furthermore, AHR can reach a level sufficient for impacting regional even large-scale climate. In this study, the impacts of AHR on the summer European heatwaves (EHWs) are examined by using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). The results show that in Europe, AHR increases the summer mean 2-m temperature by 0.26 °C and the surface minimum and maximum temperatures by 0.14 °C and 0.41 °C, respectively. AHR exacerbates the extreme high temperatures in the summer in Europe, increasing EHW days by 1–2 days in central and eastern Europe in the summer annually from 1992 to 2013. AHR strengthens the surface wind that flows from the ocean to the land in Europe by increasing the land surface temperatures. AHR decreases the lower-troposphere stability (LTS) and reduces the low-cloud amounts in Europe, which leads to more solar shortwave radiation reaching the surface. AHR affects water vapor and the surface energy balance in Europe, which impacts on European summer heatwaves further. AHR acts as a non-negligible factor for summer extreme high temperature in Europe and a potential factor impacting EHW days.
The BIDIAP index: a clinical, analytical and ultrasonographic score for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Bardají Pascual Carlos , Antona Giuseppa , Ros Briones Raquel , López-Andrés Natalia , Martín-Calvo Nerea 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric acute appendicitis (PAA) continues to be a diagnostic challenge today. The diagnostic performance of classical indices is only moderate, especially in pediatric population. This study aimed to define a clinical, radiological and analytical index for the diagnosis of PAA.

Materials and methods
This prospective study included 151 patients divided into two groups: (1) 53 patients with non-surgical abdominal pain (NSAP) and (2) 98 patients with a confirmed PAA. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were compared between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test. To identify the predictors of PAA, we performed a multivariable logistic regression using a forward stepwise analysis and we assigned multiples of integer values to the selected variables. The diagnostic performance of the index was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Intra-cohort calibration was assessed with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test.

Results
We developed the BIDIAP index (BIomarkers for the DIagnosis of Appendicitis in Pediatrics), which included three variables that independently predicted higher odds of PAA: appendiceal caliber (≥ 6.9 mm), systemic immune-inflammation index (≥ 890) and peritoneal irritation, which scored 4, 3 and 2 points, respectively. Mean (SD) score of the participants was 2.38 (2.06) in group 1 and 7.89 (1.50) in group 2. The area under the ROC was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.99). The cut-off point was established at 4 points, resulting in a sensitivity of 98.98% and a specificity of 77.78%.

Conclusions
The BIDIAP index has an exceptional diagnostic performance in PAA. The importance of these results lies in its novelty and in the simplicity of the index. Although external validation will be necessary, initial results look promising.