bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the population’s correct knowledge of malaria in Malaysia. A vital component for malaria elimination certification
Authors: Rahim Faizul Akmal Abdul , Ya Mohd Farihan Md , Mutalip Mohd Hatta Abdul , Mahmud Mohd Amierul Fikri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Malaria remains a public health problem in Malaysia despite a decline in the number of cases in recent years. Public knowledge of malaria is essential to achieving and maintaining malaria elimination. Therefore, this survey assessed the prevalence of people who had ever heard of malaria, had correct knowledge of malaria transmission, symptoms, risk activities, and prevention measures in the Malaysian population, and identified the associated factors involved.
Methods: The data were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) which was conducted from September to October 2020. A cross-sectional survey with five structured questionnaires using the method of computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) was used to collect data. The socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, marital status, educational level, and occupation were recorded. Data were analyzed using STATA SE Version 16. Associations between variables were tested using chi-square and logistic regression, with the level of statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Out of 3085 respondents who participated in this survey, 2491 had ever heard of malaria with a prevalence of 76.1% (95% CI: 70.51, 80.94). The prevalence of correct knowledge of malaria transmission was 53.9% (95% CI: 50.16, 57.69), symptoms 24.1% (95% CI: 21.18, 27.23), risk activities 34.0 % (95% CI: 29.26, 39.07) and prevention measures 59.7% (95% CI: 55.47, 63.70). Multivariate analysis showed that age, ethnicity, and educational level were significantly associated with correct malaria transmission and risk activities. In addition, age, educational level, and occupation were significantly associated with correct malaria symptoms. Subsequently, only the variable ethnicity showed a significant association with the correct malaria prevention measures.
Conclusion: In general, the prevalence of ever heard of malaria was considered high since the survey was performed based on a non-specific malaria population. However, the prevalence of correct knowledge of malaria symptoms and risk activities were considered low. It is concluded that educational level is one of the major factors associated with correct malaria knowledge, along with age, ethnicity, and occupation. Therefore, based on these findings, targeted intervention and innovation should be planned by malaria program managers to sustain malaria elimination in Malaysia.
Patterns in the sequential treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients starting a b/tsDMARD: 10-year experience from a US-based registry
Authors: Matsson Anton , Solomon Daniel H. , Crabtree Margaux M. , Harrison Ryan W. , Litman Heather J. , Johansson Fredrik D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Developing and evaluating new treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on observational data requires a quantitative understanding of patterns in current treatment practice with biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs).
Methods
We used data from the CorEvitas RA registry to study patients starting their first b/tsDMARD therapy—defined as the first line of therapy—between 2012 and the end of 2021. We identified treatment patterns as unique sequences of therapy changes following and including the first-line therapy. Therapy cycling was defined as switching back to a treatment from a previously used therapeutic class.
Results
6,015 b/tsDMARD-naïve patients (77% female) were included in the analysis. Their median age was 58 years, and their median disease duration was 3 years. In 2012–2014, 80% of the patients started a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) as their first b/tsDMARD. However, the use of TNFi decreased in favour of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) since 2015. While the number of treatment patterns was large, therapy cycling was relatively common. For example, 601 patterns were observed among 1133 patients who changed therapy at least four times, of whom 85.3% experienced therapy cycling. Furthermore, the duration of each of the first three lines of therapy decreased over the past decade.
Conclusion
First-line therapy was almost always TNFi, but diversity in treatment choice was high after that. This practice variation allows for proposing and evaluating new guidelines for sequential treatment of RA. It also presents statistical challenges to compare subjects with different treatment sequences.
Experimental Investigation of Curved and Straight Laminated Bamboo-Concrete Beams with New Calibration Method for Interface Slip
Authors: Deng Yu , Hao Yuxi , Mohamed Ahmed , Wong Simon H F , Tang Yunchao , Yuen Terry Y.P. , Sukontasukkul Piti , Shen Minhe , Fernando Nirodha , Saint Ruth , Zhang Hexin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study echoes the rising demand for bio-based material in concrete composite structures in the race to accelerate carbon neutrality in construction. Noticing that most previous studies are focused on straight timber or engineered bamboo-to-concrete composite beams, this study focuses on: 1) developing unique and practical curved laminated bamboo-concrete (LBC) composite beams; 2) experimentally investigating and comparing the structural performances of the curved and straight LBC composite beams; 3) developing a novel and proper in-member interface shear slip calibration method that captures the longitudinal after-slip strain redistribution, validated by stain gauge measurements. This study also highlights the interlayer shear bonding strength of laminated bamboo as the thresholding parameter that determines the composite beams' overall flexural strength, evidenced by detailed failure mode analysis. The proposed interface shear slip calibration method can be extended to the other types of shear connectors such as screws, shear plates, etc.
In silico analysis of highly disordered human IRS1 protein 3D structure to uncover new target for Metformin to ameliorate diabetes
Authors: Singh Ritika Kumari , Kumar Arvind 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
IRSs are cytoplasmic-skeleton proteins. It facilitates RTK signaling through insulin/IGF-1, insulin receptor, and Src-homology-2-domains. IRS1 is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that helps in cellular growth, glucose metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation. IRS1 is a disordered protein with a hard-to-predict active site. Here we used the ab-initiomodeling tool I-Tasser and Discovery studio/DogSite server to model and determine the active site of IRS1 human protein (mol. wt. 131590.97Da) respectively. Newly designed protein model submitted with PMDB Id–PM0082210. GRAVY index of IRS1 (-0.675) indicated surface protein-water interaction. Protparam tool instability index (75.22) demonstrated disorderedness combined with loops owing to prolines/glycines. After refinement Ramachandran plot showed that 88 percent of AAs were present in the allowed region. Novel mode protein has beta-sheet, loops, and beta-hairpin but fewer helixes. Overall IRS1 has 10-α-helices, 22-β-sheets, 20-β-hairpins, 5-β-bulges, 47-strands, 105-β-turns and 8-γ-turns. Docking studies suggest that MH binds with the novel active site of IRS1 to increase insulin signaling to target and cure the T2DM target molecule. MD-simulations have been done to reveal the protein–ligand complex stability and robustness. The discovered MH’s target site to cure T2DM, a worldwide problem could be further authenticated by in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the efficiency of metformin hydrochloride to cure this worldwide disease.
Social media as a campaign tool against online gender-based violence in South Africa
Authors: Sundani Ndivhuwo , Mangaka Amukelani Collen , Mamokhere John 
Published: February 2023

The object of this research is: to explore the correlation between social media as a campaign tool against online gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa.
The researchers investigated the following problem: Over the past decade, there have been several prominent incidents of harassment and stalking in South Africa. The issue of GBV against women in South Africa is prevalent in mainstream and online social media. Thus, women and girls are targeted in what is seemingly becoming a prolonged cycle of GBV in the country. The Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 was found to be a relevant legal framework in South Africa for responding to online GBV. Thus, the study was underpinned by social exchange and the spiral of silence theories.
Methods and Materials: In this non-empirical study, a systematic review was employed. Social media as a campaign tool against online gender-based violence (GBV) in South Africa was qualitatively studied. For the data collection process, the most recent repositories such as journal articles, books, reports, conference papers, dissertations and organizations’ websites were gathered and systematically reviewed from July 2022 to November 2022. However, thematic analysis was used with due care to analyze data for the study. The NVivo software was used to identify common, repetitive and different themes.
The main results of the research are: As a result of the study's findings, there have been an increasing number of social media campaigns on sites such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter used by women all over the world to help combat the scourge of GBV. In this regard, women are using social media platforms to cry out for help and band together to fight a common enemy that violates their human rights and bodily integrity through social injustice.
The area of practical use of the research is for: This study is pivotal since it aimed at proposing intervention strategies to combat online GBV in South Africa. Most importantly, the outcome of this study will help in the development of more policy roadmaps for the successful combat of online GBV in South Africa and across the world. In a nutshell, the study recommends that law enforcement agencies, policymakers and civil society, among others, put in place additional frameworks to curb online GBV in South Africa.
Innovative technologies for the processing of raw materials of plant origin to improve the quality of food supply of the troops
Authors: Riabchykov Mykola , Tsykhanovska Iryna , Tovma Lidiia , Aleksandrov Oleksandr , Kovylev Denis , Rikunov Oleh , Smahin Oleh , Orlov Kostiantyn 
Published: February 2023

The object of research: morphological and cultural characteristics of micromycetes: yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mycelial fungi Mucorracemosus grown on agar medium.The subject of research: flax seed suspension, ultrafine powder of double oxide of divalent and trivalent ferrum, micromycetes: yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mycelial fungi MucorracemosusInvestigated problem: ensuring the bacteriostatic properties of raw materials and obtaining products with an extended dates of expiry.The subject in scientific results: the impact of nanoparticles (NP FeO×Fe2O3) on the bacteriostatic (protective) properties of flax seeds against fungal infections has been studied and the dependence of bacteriostatic properties on the amount of nanomagnetite has been determined. The ability of nanomagnetite to improve the bacteriostatic properties of flax seeds has been proven: addition of 0.1 %; 0.15 %; 0.2 % of nanomagnetite suppresses the development of microflora (micromycetes) in flax seed samples by 8–20 times. A reduction in the number of micromycetes (yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae and mycelial fungi Mucorracemosus) by 8–10 times and the size by 10–20 times was established compared to the control.
The rational content of nanoparticles (NPs FeO×Fe2O3–nanomagnetite) has been determined as 0.15 % of the weight of the recipe mixture.
The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of using NP FeO×Fe2O3 – nanomagnetite to inhibit the growth of mycelial fungi to ensure the bacteriostatic properties of raw materials, in particular, flax seeds.
The area of practical use of the research results: food industry enterprises specializing in the production of bakery and flour confectionery products using a mixture of wheat and rye flour with the addition of food additives. Innovative technological product: flour raw material with a mineral nano-additive suspension based on the double oxide of divalent and trivalent ferrum, which allows to ensure quality and extend dates of expiry of the product. Scope of the innovative technological product: to enhance the quality of food supply of the troops in extreme conditions
Optimization of the composition of cast iron for cast parts operating under abrasive friction, according to the criterion of maximum wear resistance
Authors: Barsuk Andriy 
Published: February 2023

The object of research: Titanium-alloyed hypoeutectic iron for mixer blades operating under abrasive friction conditions.
Investigated problem: selection of the optimal titanium content in the alloy according to the criterion of the maximum wear resistance coefficient.
The main scientific results: the content of titanium in cast iron was determined, which provides the maximum wear resistance coefficient with various compositions of the base alloy. It has been established that with the same titanium content, the highest value of the wear resistance coefficient depends on the carbon content and the position of the eutectic point on the Fe-C state diagram. In the studied range, the highest values of the wear resistance coefficient correspond to the average range of variation of these factors. This allows to say that the effect of carbon content and the position of the eutectic point doubly affect wear resistance at the same titanium content, and there is a range of titanium content in which the effect of these factors on the wear resistance value becomes the same.
The area of practical use of the results of the study: the results obtained can be used by designers of industrial enterprises choosing materials for the manufacture of machine parts subject to intense friction due to operating conditions. The wear caused by this friction leads to the failure of the blades, so the designer's task is to choose the one that maximizes the durability of the blades.
Innovative technological product: wear-resistant hypoeutectic cast iron alloyed with titanium for cast parts operating in conditions of intense abrasive friction
The scope of the technological innovative product: mixing plants of various types, mainly used in road construction, construction and agriculture.
A comparative study of unilateral vs bilateral spinal anaesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine with buprenorphine in unilateral inguinal hernia surgery
Authors: Priyadarshini Nanda Anupama , Suman Gadalay , Sravya Thoyyeti 
Published: February 2023

Unilateral spinal anaesthesia can be used for inguinal hernia surgery. The advantage is that it provides a stronger block on the side of surgery and accelerated recovery of the nerve block, with better maintenance of cardiovascular stability. Hence it can be a valuable technique for high-risk patients.
The aim: This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the onset and duration of Sensory and motor block in both unilateral and bilateral spinal anaesthesia and the adverse effects of buprenorphine given intrathecally with 0.5 % bupivacaine for Spinal anaesthesia in patients scheduled for unilateral inguinal hernia surgery.
Materials and methods: it is a сomparative two group randomized clinical study with 60 patients with 30 patients in Group U (UNILATERAL) and 30 patients in Group B (BILATERAL) is undertaken to study the changes in haemodynamics and side effects. Whereas, within the group (for the unilateral group) comparison of the time taken to reach L1, T12, T10 and the Bromage time between the surgical side and non-surgical side sides of surgery was done.
Results: T10 -T12 spinal anaesthesia was achieved in both groups; the average time to anaesthetic onset in the unilateral group was 5.27±1.2 min, and in the bilateral, it was 5.90±1.02 min (p-value=0.32). Sensory and motor block lasted longer in the bilateral group when compared to the unilateral group; the incidence of side effects was limited to the occurrence of hypotension and bradycardia in the unilateral group than in the bilateral group. The success rate of unilateral spinal anaesthesia in our study was 100 %.
Conclusion: Because of haemodynamic stability and faster recovery characteristics of unilateral spinal block, it can be used as a suitable technique in patients with a limited cardiovascular reserve and for outpatient anaesthesia.
Determination of the relationship of visphatin and homocysteine levels with indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in peri- and postmenopause women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhuravlyova Larysa , Cherpita Valentyna 
Published: February 2023

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), among other modern diseases, certainly occupies a leading position today. Moreover, the comorbid combination of T2DM and osteoarthritis (OA) is a common example of the development of complications, disability and mortality these days. As you know, T2DM develops against the background of obesity and overweight. A significant group of patients prone to these pathologies are peri- and postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency during this period worsens the course of these interdependent conditions. Therefore, searching for ways of early diagnosis of OA in women with T2DM is an urgent task of internal medicine.
Purpose. To determine the interdependencies of indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism with levels of visfatin (VF) and homocysteine (HC) in women with T2DM and OA in peri- and postmenopause.
Methods. For the study, 120 thematic women in peri- and postmenopause were selected and were divided into three groups: 1st (n=20) - women with a mono-course of T2DM; 2nd (n=20) – with a mono-course of OA; 3rd (n=64) – with the comorbid course of T2DM and OA. The control group (CG) consisted of 16 relatively healthy women of the appropriate age. Diagnoses of T2DM and OA were established in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Laboratory diagnostic methods were performed according to standard methods.
The results. According to the obtained results, the presence of interdependencies of all indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose-insulin metabolism was reliably determined, which indicated direct correlations (mostly of moderate strength) with the levels of HC and VF in the blood of the examinees, most pronounced in the comorbid combination of T2DM and OA in peri- and postmenopause.
Conclusions. In work, an analysis of the correlations of indicators of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism with disturbances in the metabolism of VF and HC in women with T2DM and OA in pre- and postmenopause was carried out, and their interdependent relationships were determined. The highest levels of VF and HC were recorded in the group of women with comorbid pathology of T2DM and OA.
Zoonotic Diseases
Authors: Prater Phil 
Published: February 2023

Many potential bioterrorism agents are zoonotic. In some diseases, clinical signs may manifest in animals prior to humans. Livestock are present in high numbers in certain areas of the country, and can serve as sentinels for zoonotic diseases. Many areas depend on livestock for their livelihood and this puts them at risk for bio-terrorism or agro terrorism. Wildlife also play an important role in our communities because they could potentially contaminate large areas. They could be important sources of infection, for humans and animals.
Some factors that promote zoonotic disease transmission include frequent contact with domestic or wild animals, people living or visiting in areas that overlap with wildlife habitats or intensive livestock production. Other factors such as poor animal sanitation, poor animal health, and poor personal hygiene can also promote transmission.
Ethics of Pirated Drug Use and How do You Deal with it in Your Practice
Authors: Bertone Joseph J. 
Published: February 2023

Over the past 13 years, I have examined some 150 ethical issues that arise in veterinary medicine, either directly in my Canadian Veterinary Journal column or in the ethics column I edit for the Veterinary Forum. While some of these issues represent true dilemmas, with strong arguments that can be marshalled on each side, many others are quite straightforward and their ethical resolution is unambiguous.
I cannot think of a better example of an issue with clear ethical resolution than the one facing us in this discussion-the use of counterfeit (pirated) drugs where veterinarians dispense copies of established veterinary drugs. The basic reason this is a problem is that drugs compounded from bulk ingredients-unlike the branded (FDA approved) products or approved US generic equivalents-do not undergo FDA approved testing for safety and efficacy, and are not produced under conditions that conform to FDA's Good Manufacturing Practices. In my view, dispensing such drugs, as done by many veterinarians to increase profit well above what they can make with approved drugs, violates every sort of moral obligation inherent in veterinary medical ethics.
Use of Environmental Sampling as a Herd Screening Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subsp paratuberculosis on Minnesota Dairy Farms
Authors: Raizman E. A. , Wells S. J. , Godden S. M. , Bey R. F. , Oakes M. J. , Bentley D. C. , Olsen K. E. 
Published: February 2023

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic and progressive intestinal disease in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). The usual route of infection is fecal-oral. The disease manifests in adult cows and results in economic losses. Although Map does not propagate in the environment, it survives for long periods in different environmental conditions expected on many dairy farms. Johne's disease control programs have been developed in different countries and in several US states with a goal to test and classify herds of cattle as infected or presumptively noninfected with maximum accuracy and least cost. Generally, these programs utilize recognized laboratory tests such as ELISA or direct microbiological individual fecal culture. However, these tests have several disadvantages, especially when applied in herds with subclinical disease or low prevalence. Since Map is shed into the environment by dairy cattle through fecal contamination and appears to survive well, a better understanding of Map distribution in the environment could lead to improved herd-screening alternatives.
Objectives of the study were: 1) to describe Map distribution and prevalence in the environment on Minnesota dairy farms, and 2) to assess the relationship between culture status of Map in the farm environment and fecal-pooled culture status on dairy farms.