bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of ecdysis in repair of an attachment system: a case study using geckos
Authors: Pillai Rishab R. , Riedel Jendrian , Schwarzkopf Lin 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Skin provides functions such as protection and prevention of water loss. In some taxa, the outer surface of skin has been modified to form structures that enable attachment to various surfaces. Constant interaction with surfaces is likely to cause damage to these attachment systems and reduce function. It seems logical that when skin is shed via ecdysis, its effectiveness will increase, through repair of damage or other rejuvenating mechanisms. We address two questions using three diplodactylid geckos as model species. (1) Does repeated mechanical damage affect clinging ability in geckos to the point that they cannot support their own body weight? (2) Does use without induced damage reduce effectiveness of the attachment system, and if so, does ecdysis restore clinging ability? We found that repeated damage reduced clinging ability in all three species, although at different rates. Additionally, use reduced clinging ability over time when no apparent damage was incurred. Clinging ability increased after ecdysis in all three species, both when damage was specially induced, and when it was not. After normal use without induced damage, the increase in clinging ability after ecdysis was statistically significant in two of three species. Our findings show that use decreases clinging ability, and mechanical damage also effects geckos' capacity to exert shear forces consistently. Thus, ecdysis improves clinging ability both in scenarios where damage is induced and more generally. In addition to the physiological functions provided by skin, our study highlights an important function of ecdysis in a speciose vertebrate group.
Regulation of the swimming kinematics of lampreys Petromyzon marinus across changes in viscosity
Authors: Tytell Eric D. , Cooper Lauren O. , Lin Yuexia Luna , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The bodies of most swimming fishes are very flexible and deform as result of both external fluid dynamic forces and internal musculoskeletal forces. If fluid forces change, the body motion will also change unless the fish senses the change and alters its muscle activity to compensate. Lampreys and other fishes have mechanosensory cells in their spinal cords that allow them to sense how their body is bending. We hypothesized that lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) actively regulate body curvature to maintain a fairly constant swimming waveform even as swimming speed and fluid dynamic forces change. To test this hypothesis, we measured the steady swimming kinematics of lampreys swimming in normal water, and water in which the viscosity was increased by 10 or 20 times by adding methylcellulose. Increasing the viscosity over this range increases the drag coefficient, potentially increasing fluid forces up to 40%. Previous computational results suggested that if lampreys did not compensate for these forces, the swimming speed would drop by about 52%, the amplitude would drop by 39%, and posterior body curvature would increase by about 31%, while tail beat frequency would remain the same. Five juvenile sea lampreys were filmed swimming through still water, and midlines were digitized using standard techniques. Although swimming speed dropped by 44% from 1× to 10× viscosity, amplitude only decreased by 4%, and curvature increased by 7%, a much smaller change than the amount we estimated if there was no compensation. To examine the waveform overall, we performed a complex orthogonal decomposition and found that the first mode of the swimming waveform (the primary swimming pattern) did not change substantially, even at 20× viscosity. Thus, it appears that lampreys are compensating, at least partially, for the changes in viscosity, which in turn suggests that sensory feedback is involved in regulating the body waveform.
Two decades of research on anoxia tolerance – mitochondria, -omics and physiological diversity
Authors: Lefevre Sjannie , Nilsson Göran E. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Just over two decades ago, Bob Boutilier published a much-cited Review in this journal on the mechanisms of cell survival in hypoxia and hypothermia. Here, we celebrate this important Review by describing how our knowledge of the mechanisms behind anoxia tolerance have progressed since 2001, including new key roles of mitochondria, something Boutilier had started exploring. Evidence now suggests that, in anoxia-tolerant brains, mitochondria initiate responses aimed at suppressing electrical activity and energy use. These responses are largely dependent on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Animals that survive anoxia must also tolerate reoxygenation – a major challenge that could cause a massive production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the handling of succinate, which builds up during anoxia, is critical. Interestingly, there are clear species differences in succinate handling among anoxia-tolerant vertebrates (Trachemys and Chrysemys turtles and crucian carp, Carassius carassius). Trachemys turtles suppress succinate build-up during anoxia, presumably to limit ROS production during reoxygenation. By contrast, in crucian carp, reduction of fumarate to succinate during anoxia appears to be essential for keeping their mitochondria charged and viable. Consequently, during anoxia, crucian carp accumulate much more succinate than Trachemys turtles. Moreover, during anoxia, succinate is apparently transported from crucian carp brain and heart to the liver, which handles succinate upon reoxygenation. This is one example of the striking physiological diversity among vertebrates that survive long-term anoxia. More examples are given, and we argue that -omics approaches are, and will be, helpful in providing new insight and moving the field forward.
Antigen discovery by bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Batisti Biffignandi Gherard , Vola Ambra , Sassera Davide , Najafi-Fard Saeid , Gomez Morales Maria Angeles , Brunetti Enrico , Teggi Antonella , Goletti Delia , Petrone Linda , Tamarozzi Francesca 
Published: April 2023

Background
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a neglected zoonosis. Its diagnosis relies on imaging, supported by serology, while only imaging is useful for staging and follow-up. Since diagnostic tools and expertise are not widely available, new accurate and easily implementable assays for the diagnosis and follow-up of CE are highly needed.

Methodology/Principal Findings
We aimed to identify new E. granulosus antigens through a bioinformatics selection applied to the parasite genome, followed by peptide microarray screening and validation in ELISA, using independent panels of sera from patients with hepatic CE and clinically relevant controls.
From 950 proteins selected in silico, 2,379 peptides were evaluated by microarray for IgG reactivity and eight candidates selected for validation. Reactivity to one peptide was significantly higher in the CE group (p = 0.044), but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions/Significance
Here we performed bioinformatics analysis and peptide microarray for antigen discovery, useful for the diagnosis of CE. Eight candidates were selected and validated. Reactivity to one peptide associated to CE but had suboptimal diagnostic accuracy. Importantly, the database developed in this study may be used to identify other antigenic candidates for CE diagnosis and follow-up.
Health-related quality of life in Hong Kong physicians up to 20 years post-graduation: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ng Amy Pui Pui , Chin Weng Yee , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chen Julie , Lau Chak Sing 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundProblems with health-related quality of life can affect physicians’ ability to work effectively. This study compared the health-related quality of life of Hong Kong physicians to the general population and explored the factors associated with mental and physical health-related quality of life.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2016. Medical graduates from the University of Hong Kong participated in a survey containing the Short Form-12 Item Health survey version 2, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and items on lifestyle behaviors, career satisfaction, and socio-demographics.Results496 responses were received. The mean physical component summary score was 53.2 (SD = 7.6), similar to the general population. The mean mental component summary score was 43.6 (SD = 11.8), significantly worse than the general population (P<0.01). Compared to the general population, all Short-Form 12 Health Survey version 2 domains were worse in doctors, aside from bodily pain and general health. Regular exercise was positively associated with physical component summary scores (Coeff 2.024; P = 0.047); but having children and higher personal burnout scores were negatively associated with it (Coeff -1.890; P = 0.036; and Coeff -0.045; P = 0.027, respectively). Poorer mental component summary scores correlated with worse personal (Coeff -0.284; P< 0.001), work-related (Coeff -0.135; P = 0.040), and patient-related burnout (Coeff -0.060; P = 0.041), and higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores (Coeff -9.170; P<0.001). There were significant differences in mental health (P = 0.042) and mental component summary scores (P = 0.012) across age groups, but not with gender.ConclusionHong Kong physicians are less impacted by physical health than mental health. Compared to the general population, doctors’ mental health has a more significant impact on their lives. Interventions aimed to improve burnout and depression rates in physicians may improve physicians’ mental health-related quality of life.
Reliability of a new computerized equinometer based on Silfverskiöld test to measure gastrocnemius tightness
Authors: Martinez Lucas , Lalevée Matthieu , Beldame Julien , L’Hermette Maxime , Brunel Helena , Dujardin Franck , Billuart Fabien 
Published: April 2023

Background
Several tools exist to measure tightness of the gastrocnemius muscles; however, few of them are reliable enough to be used routinely in the clinic. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of a new equinometer. The secondary objective was to determine the load to apply on the plantar surface of the metatarsal heads to achieve the highest reliability when measuring gastrocnemius tightness.

Methods
The equinometer consisted of a goniometer and an electronic dynamometer, hooked up to a computer. Three raters carried out three trials of passive dorsiflexion by applying controlled pressure to the metatarsal heads of both ankles in 29 healthy subjects under two experimental conditions: knee extended (KE) and knee flexed at 30 degrees (KF). The equinometer continuously recorded the ankle dorsiflexion values (in °) corresponding to each 1 N interval of plantar pressure between 4 N and 20 N. The intra- and inter-rater reliability of the ankle dorsiflexion were evaluated through the intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients in each of the pressure intervals.

Results
The intra-rater ICC in KE and KF was between 0.84 and 0.98. The inter-rater ICC in KE and KF was between 0.59 and 0.92. The pressure interval between 14 N and 15 N had the highest intra-rater (ICC = 1) and inter-rater reliability (0.87≤ICC≤0.99). A more refined analysis of this interval found that a load of 14.5 N yielded the best reliability.

Conclusions
This compact equinometer has excellent intra-rater reliability and moderate to good inter-rater reliability. Since this reliability is optimal in the 14–15 N range, this load should be used going forward in clinical practice, especially when aiming to define a pathological threshold for tightness of the gastrocnemius muscles.
Benzonatate as a local anesthetic
Authors: McGuire Anna , Ostertag-Hill Claire A. , Aizik Gil , Li Yang , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Benzonatate is an FDA-approved antitussive agent that resembles tetracaine, procaine, and cocaine in its chemical structure. Based on structural similarities to known local anesthetics and recent findings of benzonatate exerting local anesthetic-like effects on voltage-gated sodium channels in vitro, we hypothesized that benzonatate will act as a local anesthetic to yield peripheral nerve blockade.

Methods
Benzonatate was injected at the sciatic nerve of Sprague-Dawley rats. Sensory and motor blockade were assessed using a modified hot plate test and a weight-bearing test, respectively. Additionally, the effect of co-injection with tetrodotoxin and Tween 80 (a chemical permeation enhancer) was examined. Myotoxicity of benzonatate was assessed in vivo by histological analysis.

Results
Benzonatate produced a concentration-dependent sensory and motor nerve blockade with no appreciable systemic effects. Co-injection with tetrodotoxin or Tween 80 produced prolongation of sensory nerve blockade. Histologic assessment showed significant inflammation and myotoxicity from benzonatate injection, even at low concentrations.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that benzonatate does act as a local anesthetic at the peripheral nerve, with sensory and motor nerve blockade. Benzonatate interacts with tetrodotoxin and Tween 80 to prolong nerve blockade. However, benzonatate causes significant myotoxicity, even at subtherapeutic concentrations.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of potassium chloride in the management of out-of hospital cardiac arrest by refractory ventricular fibrillation: Study protocol of the POTACREH study
Authors: Jouffroy Romain , Ecollan Patrick , Chollet-Xemard Charlotte , Prunet Bertrand , Elie Caroline , Treluyer Jean-Marc , Vivien Benoit 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has a poor prognosis, with an overall survival rate of about 5% at discharge. Shockable rhythm cardiac arrests (ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)) have a better prognosis. In case of shockable rhythm, treatment is based on defibrillation, and thereafter, in case of failure of 3 external electric shocks (EES), on direct intravenous administration of 300 mg amiodarone, or lidocaine when amiodarone is unavailable or inefficient.
During surgical procedures under extracorporeal circulation, a high potassium cardioplegia solution is administered to interrupt cardiac activity and facilitate surgical procedure. By extension, direct intravenous administration of potassium chloride (KCl) has been shown to convert VF, resulting in return to a hemodynamically efficient organized heart rate within a few minutes.
The aim of this study is to provide clinical evidence that direct intravenous injection of KCl, into a patient presenting with OHCA due to refractory VF although 3 EES, should interrupt this VF and then allow rapid restauration of an organized heart rhythm, and thus return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Methods
A multicenter, prospective, single group, phase 2 study will be conducted on 81 patients presenting with refractory VF. After failure of 3 EES, each patient will receive direct intravenous injection of 20 mmol KCl instead of amiodarone. The primary outcome will be survival rate at hospital admission. Major secondary outcomes will include ROSC and time to ROSC in the prehospital setting, number of VF recidivism after KCl injection, survival rate at hospital discharge with a good neurologic prognostic, and survival rate 3 months after hospital discharge with a good neurologic prognostic.

Results
No patient is currently included in the study.

Discussion
Conventional guideline strategy based on antiarrhythmic drug administration, i.e. amiodarone or lidocaine, for OHCA due to shockable rhythm, has not yet demonstrated an increase in survival at hospital admission or at hospital discharge. This may be related to the major cardiodepressant effect of those drugs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04316611. Registered on March 2020. AP-HP180577 / N° EUDRACT: 2019-002544-24. Funded by the French Health Ministry. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04316611.
Optimization of Twice-exceptional Students’ Giftedness in Memorizing the Qur'an
Authors: Wahab Rochmat , Hermanto Hermanto , Pamungkas Bayu , Damayanto Angga 
Published: April 2023

Purpose – This study aims to describe the teachers’ efforts to optimize the giftedness of twice-exceptional students in memorizing the Qur'an.
Design/methods/approach – The method used in this study was qualitative research with observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. Respondents in this study consist of 50 teachers of twice-exceptional students selected by random sampling. The data was then analysed through data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
Findings – The optimization of twice-exceptional students to memorize the Qur'an is shown by an assessment, direction of learning, and memorizing programs of the Qur'an according to their specificity, involvement in socio-religious activities in the community, and cooperation with the family.
Research implications/limitations – This study was conducted in Yogyakarta City with teachers of twice-exceptional students as the respondents in the categories of gifted students with visual impairments, gifted students with hearing impairments, gifted students with physical barriers, and gifted students with autism.
Originality/value – The development of Qur'an learning models for twice-exceptional students on different types of specificities needs to be enhanced to accommodate their specific abilities and needs.
Integration of Pancasila Values in Islamic Cultural History Subjects: A Content Analysis
Authors: Faaza Muhammad , Rofik Rofik 
Published: April 2023

Purpose – This study aims to determine Pancasila's values, which are integrated into student books for class X Islamic Cultural History.
Design/methods/approaches – To collect data, this library research uses documentation. The data is collected from relevant sources such as student books, journals, news, and related laws and regulations. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method.
Findings – The results of this study indicate that the Islamic Cultural History student book at Madrasah Aliyah Class X contains Pancasila values that can be integrated with the material. It shows that 1) there are 17 Pancasila values contained in the Islamic Cultural History MA student book for class X, namely in the first precepts points 1, 2, and 7; the second precept of the 9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, and 15th points; the third precept point 18 and 19; the fourth point of the 27th precept; fifth precept on points 37,40, 41, 42, and 45. 2) Integrating the values of Pancasila with the material in the Islamic Cultural History MA Class X student book is expected to be able to increase the spirit of nationalism and be able to prevent the spread of anti-Pancasila ideology, which is currently rife in Indonesia, especially among Muslim students because Pancasila is the foundation for Islamic Religious Education in Indonesia, especially the History of Islamic Culture to maintain national unity and integrity.
Research limitations – This research has limitations in scope, it can only cover available sources, so it may not include all relevant literature.
Originality /value – Teachers can use the findings from the research in teaching Islamic cultural history subjects that integrate with Pancasila values.
Dynamics of the Implementation of Experience-Based Religious Learning in Indonesian and Malaysian Senior High Schools
Authors: Kistoro Hanif Cahyo Adi , Ru’iya Sutipyo , Husna Difaul , Burhan Norhapizah Mohd 
Published: April 2023

Purpose – This study describes implementing the experiential learning-based spiritual learning model for high school students.
Design/methods/approach – This research adopts a qualitative methodology with a narrative approach, focusing on thirteen Islamic religion teachers from both public and private high schools in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Findings – This study divides the findings into three, namely teacher understanding, forms of application and constraints in experiential learning. Teachers' understanding of experiential learning based on this research is not evenly distributed. meaning that the teacher in theory does not know much but some have practiced it. the application of learning is carried out using online media. while the constraints faced came from internal and external factors.
Research implications/limitations – This research recommends the use of experiential learning to enhance religious education. Teachers need to develop innovative learning strategies, while students should actively participate in the learning process and apply their experiences. The study also suggests that schools should incorporate experiential learning methods in their curriculum to enhance the effectiveness of religious education. These recommendations provide practical insights into developing religious education based on experiential learning.
Originality/value – The study found similarities in the application of experiential learning in religious education between Indonesia and Malaysia, including the use of video media to increase students' interest in the material. However, both countries face similar obstacles, such as the need to increase teacher competence in innovative learning strategies, the presence of noise in new learning, and the need for standard syllabi.
AN ANALYSIS OF SHOOTING ACCURACY TOWARDS ARCHERY ATHLETE’S ARM LENGTH, ARM STRENGTH, AND BODY MASS INDEX (A Study of KONI Bandung District, Archery Division)
Authors: Noor Ghaida Zakia 
Published: April 2023

Background. Accuracy in archery is the ability to achieve (point) against the target or Target Face when the arrows are out of the bow using a high level of consentration in carrying out a series of shooting techniques. Based on many numbers of arrow athletes who won the championship by balancing their body balance and maintaining their stamina.Purpose. To understand the possibility of any potencies or some overviews of sleeve length, arm muscle strength, limb length, and body mass towards the archery accuracy in archery athletes.Method. This research is an analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach, which is a research that emphasizes measurement time or data observation one time at a time, which is done on the dependent variable and independent variable. This research only makes observations, without giving any intervention on researched variables. The data analysis used is pearson correlation test and using hypothesis test, and by performing a linear regression test.Result. The pearson correlation test using sleeve length towards the accuracy of archery showed the correlation score (r) equal to 0,576 (p=0,002) significant (p<0.05), limb length towards the archery accuracy with the correlation score (r ) equal to 0,631 (p=0,001) significant (p<0,05). And the hipothesis test obtained the arm length, limb length, and body mass index showed that there was not any meanignful correlation towards the accuracy of archery, and dominantly correlating with the arm muscle strength.Conclusion. The accuracy in archery has a high effect, namely with sufficient training to build good muscle strength.Key Words. Accuracy of archery, exercise, arm muscle strength.