bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Presentation, Treatment Modalities, and Outcomes Associated with Interhemispheric Subdural Hematomas
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Nkrumah-Boateng Princess Afia , Hammad Elsayed Mohamed , Abdullahi Habiba , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Alibraheemi Mohammed Q. , Abdul-Hafez Hamza A. , Hernández-Hernández Alan , Al-Tarawni Fadi , Shama Mohsen Nabih , Azab Mohammed A. , Atallah Oday 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInterhemispheric subdural hematoma (ISH) poses significant challenges in neurosurgical practice owing to its deep localization within the cerebral hemispheres. Despite widespread adoption of advanced neurosurgical technologies, adverse patient outcomes hinder progress in enhancing overall prognosis. This review seeks to evaluate the etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment modalities, and outcomes associated with ISHs, thereby informing clinical decision-making and improving patient care. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from 1964 to 2024. The search was limited to studies involving human subjects and published in English. Keywords such as “interhemispheric subdural hematoma” and “parafalcine subdural hematoma” were used in various combinations to identify relevant articles. Our search identified 167 individuals (87 females and 80 males) ranging in age from 6 weeks to 93 years. Trauma emerged as the leading risk factor, accounting for 86.8% of cases. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms (14.7%), followed by headache (11.8%). Most patients (22.8%) had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 to 16, indicating moderate severity. Radiological analysis showed that subdural hematomas were almost evenly distributed between hemispheres, with 51% located in the right hemisphere and 49% in the left. Quantitative analysis revealed that 65.1% of patients were managed conservatively, particularly those with minimal neurological impairment, while 34% underwent surgery, including burr hole drainage and craniotomy. Of the surgical cases, 18.4% experienced complications. Our findings reveal that the outcome of ISH management depends on several factors, the most important being the etiology and size of the hematoma, the clinical presentation and comorbidities of the patient, and the interval between presentation and treatment.
Think About Knowledge
Authors: Allen Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dominant story about political knowledge is that most people don’t have it. The problem is that political scientists and politicians have been looking for the wrong thing and looking for it in the wrong places. The risk in proscribing what political knowledge is in a limited way consists in how it sets political knowledge up as a test that can be passed or failed. And if this test judges only a selected few to be in possession of the relevant credentials, this may result in an assumption that it is acceptable to listen to just these people and ignore everyone else. But rather than simply accepting the dominant story, political scientists have begun to consider alternative means of conceptualizing and measuring political knowledge, focusing on peoples’ knowledge of their daily lives and experiences. Based on the findings of this work, everyone might have something to offer.
Think About Presence
Authors: Allen Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It has been possible to tell a good news story about political representation over recent decades as elected leaders have become more diverse on almost every measure. More women, ethnic minorities, and LGBT+ legislators are now present in politics than ever before. But the good news story isn’t the only story. The reality is that the wider impact of many of these advances in presence has been, to many, something of a disappointment as the kinds of political transformations that some might have expected a greater diversity of representation to bring about have not materialized. How can this be understood? This chapter confronts the limitations of presence in an age of polarization and increasing political complexity, arguing that political representation, while hugely important, is subject to significant constraints on what it can achieve. It is important to think carefully about what presence can do, what it can’t, and, crucially, why.
The Social Cost of Carbon
Authors: Kelleher J Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change economists have called it “the most important number you have never heard of” and the “holy grail of climate economic analysis.” It is the social cost of carbon (SCC), and its purpose is to reflect—in one dollar figure—the harm caused by emitting a single ton of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The SCC is an essential concept for environmental cost-benefit analysis, and for the idea of an “optimal tax” on carbon emissions. It is also the subject of fierce debate in the academic literature and in American politics. This book offers the most systematic analysis yet of the social cost of carbon, its theoretical basis, and its proper role in climate economics and climate policy design. It explains that the SCC is not one concept but four, each of which is addressed to a distinct task in climate economics. Moreover, these four concepts can be sorted into two families that correspond to the two main branches of welfare economics, social choice theory and general equilibrium theory. The book explains these radically different theoretical frameworks and how a mathematically identical pair of SCC concepts can emerge from each. It then argues that the analytical power of each SCC concept is limited by its inability to capture the full array of ethical considerations that bear on responsible climate policy. Despite these limitations, the book explains how at least some SCC concepts can and should be put to work in real-world climate change policy analysis.
Normative Abridgement and Pure Time Discounting
Authors: Kelleher J Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces and explores the concept of a normatively abridged social welfare function (SWF). In the context of social choice climate economics, an SWF is normatively abridged when the ranking of consumption or well-being paths that it represents is not a ranking of these paths in terms of all policy-relevant normative considerations. The chapter identifies several versions of normative abridgement present in the philosophical literature on climate change economics, and then explains how the concept sheds light on the debate in climate economics over pure time discounting. The chapter argues that social choice SWFs should be normatively abridged and temporally impartial.
Distribution
Authors: Kelleher J Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains and critically evaluates social welfare functions (SWFs) that differ from utilitarian SWFs in being in some way averse to inequalities in well-being. It focuses in particular on three prioritarian SWFs: ex ante prioritarianism, ex post prioritarianism, and Marc Fleurbaey’s expected equally distributed equivalent SWF. In each case the chapter examines objections that have been made to these SWFs in the existing literature, and it then argues that the concept of normative abridgement can help to adjudicate between those who endorse distribution-sensitive SWFs and those who accept the utilitarian SWF. The chapter adjudicates in favor of the utilitarian SWF.
Population
Authors: Kelleher J Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief introduction to population ethics, the branch of moral philosophy concerned with when and why the world is worsened or improved when new people are added to it. It covers terrain that will be well-known to some moral philosophers, but which will be new to most economists. These include the so-called Repugnant and Sadistic conclusions. The goal is not to break new ground in population ethics, however, but to use population ethics to evaluate the book’s thesis concerning normative abridgement. The chapter argues that population ethics offers new reasons to think that a sound social welfare function will be radically normatively abridged.
The Dynamics of Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Catala Amandine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Epistemic injustice is inherently connected to epistemic power and epistemic agency: understanding and addressing the former allows us to better understand and address the latter, and vice versa. Yet, despite vast and rich discussions of epistemic injustice, which often invoke the notions of epistemic power and epistemic agency, both notions remain undertheorized and hence largely elusive. This book offers a systematic account of epistemic power and agency by turning to the dynamics of epistemic injustice—that is, the many forms epistemic injustice can take, the different sites and mechanisms through which it operates, and the various transformations consequently required to cultivate greater epistemic justice. Adopting standpoint theory both as a theory and as a methodology, the book focuses on several pressing social questions, such as deliberative impasses in divided societies, colonial memory, academic migration, the underrepresentation of members of non-dominant groups in certain fields, and the marginalization of minoritized minds, such as intellectually disabled people and Autistics. By analyzing these social questions through the lens of the dynamics of epistemic injustice, the book develops a systematic account of epistemic power and agency.
A Pluralist Account of Epistemic Agency
Authors: Catala Amandine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1, titled “A Pluralist Account of Epistemic Agency,” argues that the literature on epistemic injustice currently displays a logocentric or propositional bias that stems from an implicitly logocentric conception of epistemic agency, which in turn is based on a conception of knowledge as propositional. This chapter develops a broader, pluralist conception of epistemic agency, which relies on a conception of knowledge that accounts not only for propositional knowing but also for other types of knowing that have been largely neglected in discussions of epistemic injustice and agency, yet that have significant implications for our understanding of both. This chapter then shows that, by extending the scope of epistemic agency, this pluralist account allows us to reconsider in a more inclusive way which individuals qualify as epistemic agents and therefore as subjects of epistemic justice. Specifically, it focuses on intellectually disabled people to show that they have much to teach us about epistemic agency and injustice. Finally, this chapter argues that this pluralist account of epistemic agency pushes us to revisit the current conception of epistemic injustice and to expand its taxonomy to include non-propositional forms of epistemic injustice as well as meta-epistemic injustice.
Stereotypes and Testimonial Domination
Authors: Catala Amandine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2, titled “Stereotypes and Testimonial Domination: A Structural Explanation of Epistemic Agency,” expands on one of the key takeaways from Chapter 1, namely that epistemic agency is the result of an interactive process between factors that are internal and external to the epistemic agent. Specifically, Chapter 2 provides a structural explanation of epistemic agency, which identifies some of the structural factors that facilitate or hinder the exercise of epistemic agency based on individuals’ particular social positions. In doing so, the chapter provides a systematic account of epistemic power. By analyzing the cases of stereotype threat and prejudiced testimony dismissal, the chapter argues that epistemic agency is a function of epistemic power, and that epistemic power is a function of epistemic justice or injustice structurally construed. It starts by identifying a new type of epistemic injustice, which it calls testimonial domination. Testimonial domination results from the undertheorized intersection of hermeneutical and testimonial injustice. Going beyond an agential account, the chapter then shows that the analytical framework of testimonial domination reveals a hitherto overlooked structural aspect of epistemic injustice. Finally, the chapter shows how the framework of testimonial domination can thereby provide a structural explanation of epistemic agency, which coherently integrates both the individual and the structural factors that shape epistemic agency. This structural explanation provides a fuller picture of the ontology, modality, and operation of epistemic agency, epistemic power, and epistemic injustice.
Deliberative Impasses, White Ignoring, and Hermeneutical Domination
Authors: Catala Amandine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3, titled “Deliberative Impasses, White Ignoring, and Hermeneutical Domination,” identifies another way in which testimonial and hermeneutical injustice can intersect, thereby yielding what it calls hermeneutical domination. In doing so, this chapter further contributes to a systematic account of epistemic power that identifies some of the external—structural and institutional—factors that affect the exercise of epistemic agency. The chapter starts from the deliberative impasse that has arisen in the context of the traditional blackface character of Black Pete, which has been at the center of an intense controversy in Belgium and the Netherlands, with most Black citizens denouncing the tradition as racist and most white citizens endorsing it as harmless fun. It argues that this deliberative impasse is the result of what it calls hermeneutical domination, and that hermeneutical domination is due to white ignoring (commonly known in the literature as white ignorance). The chapter argues that addressing white ignoring and hermeneutical domination requires epistemic trust, and that epistemic trust is supported by the three deliberative democratic requirements of equality, legitimacy, and accountability.
Global diversification of the common moonwort ferns (Botrychium lunaria group, Ophioglossaceae) was mainly driven by Pleistocene climatic shifts
Authors: Mossion Vinciane , Koenen Erik , Grant Jason , Croll Daniel , Farrar Donald R , Kessler Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
The cosmopolitan Botrychium lunaria group belong to the most species rich genus of the family Ophioglossaceae and was considered to consist of two species until molecular studies in North America and northern Europe led to the recognition of multiple new taxa. Recently, additional genetic lineages were found scattered in Europe, emphasizing our poor understanding of the global diversity of the B. lunaria group, while the processes involved in the diversification of the group remain unexplored.

Methods
We conducted the first global phylogenetic study of the group including 533 ingroup accessions sequenced for four plastid loci. We compared results of Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood based methods. We used the phylogenetic relationship we recovered to estimate the timing of divergence with BEAST. We explored ecological segregation between species with climatic variables (CHELSA database) and soil pH measurements. The ploidy level and genome size were estimated with flow cytometry.

Key Results
We recovered nine well-supported clades, although relationships between clades were inconsistent between Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses. We treated each clade at the species level, except for one clade including two ploidy levels and one including two recognized diploid species one of which appeared as subclade (B. nordicum) of the other (B. lunaria), resulting in the recognition of 11 species, 4 of which are unnamed. In contrast to previous studies, we found species diversity to be equally distributed across the northern hemisphere, with 6-8 species per continent. We estimated the stem age of the B. lunaria group at 2.5-5.3 million years, with most species 1.5-2.6 million years old, and subclades 0.2-1.0 million years old. Diversification thus coincided with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations that strongly affected the areas inhabited by the group, suggesting that diversification was driven by climatically induced cycles of extinction, dispersal, and migration. Furthermore, ecological differentiation between species suggests these complex population dynamics were associated with adaptations to specific environmental conditions. We found limited evidence that speciation is driven by polyploidization and hybridization.

Conclusions
The B. lunaria group radiation was most likely driven by the Pleistocene climatic shifts. For the first time, we show that ecological drivers may have played a role in the diversification of this group, rather than polyploidization. Furthermore, the B. lunaria group has greater species level diversity than previously assumed and we suspect that further cryptic species may await discovery, especially in the B. neolunaria clade.
DDGemb: predicting protein stability change upon single- and multi-point variations with embeddings and deep learning
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Manfredi Matteo , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The knowledge of protein stability upon residue variation is an important step for functional protein design and for understanding how protein variants can promote disease onset. Computational methods are important to complement experimental approaches and allow a fast screening of large datasets of variations.

Results
In this work, we present DDGemb, a novel method combining protein language model embeddings and transformer architectures to predict protein ΔΔG upon both single- and multi-point variations. DDGemb has been trained on a high-quality dataset derived from literature and tested on available benchmark datasets of single- and multi-point variations. DDGemb performs at the state of the art in both single- and multi-point variations.

Availability and implementation
DDGemb is available as web server at https://ddgemb.biocomp.unibo.it. Datasets used in this study are available at https://ddgemb.biocomp.unibo.it/datasets.
Distributed model building and recursive integration for big spatial data modeling
Authors: Hector Emily C , Reich Brian J , Eloyan Ani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the need for computationally tractable spatial methods in neuroimaging studies, we develop a distributed and integrated framework for estimation and inference of Gaussian process model parameters with ultra-high-dimensional likelihoods. We propose a shift in viewpoint from whole to local data perspectives that is rooted in distributed model building and integrated estimation and inference. The framework’s backbone is a computationally and statistically efficient integration procedure that simultaneously incorporates dependence within and between spatial resolutions in a recursively partitioned spatial domain. Statistical and computational properties of our distributed approach are investigated theoretically and in simulations. The proposed approach is used to extract new insights into autism spectrum disorder from the autism brain imaging data exchange.
Correlation between sarcopenia and hypertrophy of the future liver remnant in patients undergoing portal vein embolization before liver resection
Authors: Baby Akhil , Patidar Yashwant , Mukund Amar , Srivastava Amol , Kumar Niraj , Sasturkar Shridhar Vasantrao , Tevethia Harsh Vardhan , Pamecha Viniyendra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To study the correlation between sarcopenia and hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) in patients undergoing portal vein embolization (PVE) before liver resection, and to assess the outcomes after resection.

Methods
This retrospective study examined patients underwent PVE from May 2012 to May 2023. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features were documented and total liver volumes and FLR volumes were measured before and 2–4 weeks after PVE. Degree of hypertrophy (DH), percentage hypertrophy (PH), and kinetic growth rate (KGR) of the FLR were calculated. Sarcopenia was defined using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the L3 vertebral level. Subcutaneous adipose index, visceral adipose index (VAI), cross-sectional area of psoas muscle at the largest diameter, and L3 vertebral level mean muscle attenuation (MA) were also assessed.

Results
Forty patients were included in the analysis and the median age was 57.5 (IQR 51-64) and majority were males 27/40(67.5%). Twenty-two patients were non-sarcopenics and 18 were sarcopenics. All patients showed hypertrophy of FLR (P = 0.001). SMI demonstrated moderate positive correlations with DH (r = 0.46, P = 0.003), PH (r = 0.47, P = 0.002), and KGR (r = 0.44, P = 0.004). VAI showed weak positive correlations with DH (r = 0.22, P = 0.17), PH (r = 0.18, P = 0.27), and KGR (r = 0.14, P = 0.37). Pre-PVE FLR demonstrated a weak negative correlation with PH (r = −0.35, P = 0.03) and KGR (r = −0.12, P = 0.47).

Conclusions
Sarcopenia, specifically SMI, significantly correlates with FLR hypertrophy after PVE. Assessment of sarcopenia and body compartments prior to PVE could help in stratifying and treats patients with impaired FLR growth.

Advances in knowledge
This study with data spanning over 11 years, is the first in the Indian population to demonstrate a significant correlation between SMI, a marker of sarcopenia, and FLR hypertrophy following PVE.
Older people’s social work safe staffing supply and workforce demands analysis: A case study from Northern Ireland
Authors: McFadden Paula , MacLochlainn Justin , Naylor Rachel , McColgan Mary , McGrory Susan , Nicholl Patricia , Kirby Karen , Schroder Heike , Currie Denise , Mullineux Judith C , Mallett John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the UK, a range of operational tools and policy guidelines regulate staffing in various Health and Social Care sectors. Nonetheless, frameworks to ensure safe staffing in social work remain less advanced. This study focuses on older people’s social work community teams in Northern Ireland due to the high volume of cases and vacancies within these teams. Our findings provide evidence based on actual caseloads (direct work with service users) and workloads at individual, team, and regional levels within this programme of care. The analysis revealed systemic issues that require systemic solutions in relation to staffing supply and service demands. Frontline social workers and managers frequently faced overwhelming worker-to-caseload ratios, routine use of waiting lists, and team vacancies. These findings lay the groundwork for evidence-based strategic planning, guiding the development and enactment of safer and more effective social work policies and legislation in the years ahead. The project was commissioned by the Department of Health, Northern Ireland in preparation for policy and legislative developments expected between 2025 and 2028.