bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing opportunities and inequities in undergraduate ecological forecasting education
Authors: Willson Alyssa M. , Gallo Hayden , Peters Jody A. , Abeyta Antoinette , Bueno Watts Nievita , Carey Cayelan C. , Moore Tadhg N. , Smies Georgia , Thomas R. Quinn , Woelmer Whitney M. , McLachlan Jason S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConducting ecological research in a way that addresses complex, real‐world problems requires a diverse, interdisciplinary and quantitatively trained ecology and environmental science workforce. This begins with equitably training students in ecology, interdisciplinary science, and quantitative skills at the undergraduate level. Understanding the current undergraduate curriculum landscape in ecology and environmental sciences allows for targeted interventions to improve equitable educational opportunities. Ecological forecasting is a sub‐discipline of ecology with roots in interdisciplinary and quantitative science. We use ecological forecasting to show how ecology and environmental science undergraduate curriculum could be evaluated and ultimately restructured to address the needs of the 21st century workforce. To characterize the current state of ecological forecasting education, we compiled existing resources for teaching and learning ecological forecasting at three curriculum levels: online resources; US university courses on ecological forecasting; and US university courses on topics related to ecological forecasting. We found persistent patterns (1) in what topics are taught to US undergraduate students at each of the curriculum levels; and (2) in the accessibility of resources, in terms of course availability at higher education institutions in the United States. We developed and implemented programs to increase the accessibility and comprehensiveness of ecological forecasting undergraduate education, including initiatives to engage specifically with Native American undergraduates and online resources for learning quantitative concepts at the undergraduate level. Such steps enhance the capacity of ecological forecasting to be more inclusive to undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds and expose more students to quantitative training.
Distinct modulation of cellular immunopeptidome by the allosteric regulatory site of ER aminopeptidase 1
Authors: Temponeras Ioannis , Samiotaki Martina , Koumantou Despoina , Nikopaschou Martha , Kuiper Jonas J.W. , Panayotou George , Stratikos Efstratios 
Published: May 2023

AbstractER aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is an ER‐resident aminopeptidase that excises N‐terminal residues of peptides that then bind onto Major Histocompatibility Complex I molecules (MHC‐I) and indirectly modulates adaptive immune responses. ERAP1 contains an allosteric regulatory site that accommodates the C‐terminus of at least some peptide substrates, raising questions about its exact influence on antigen presentation and the potential of allosteric inhibition for cancer immunotherapy. We used an inhibitor that targets this regulatory site to study its effect on the immunopeptidome of a human cancer cell line. The immunopeptidomes of allosterically inhibited and ERAP1 KO cells contain high‐affinity peptides with sequence motifs consistent with the cellular HLA class I haplotypes but are strikingly different in peptide composition. Compared to KO cells, allosteric inhibition did not affect the length distribution of peptides and skewed the peptide repertoire both in terms of sequence motifs and HLA allele utilization, indicating significant mechanistic differences between the two ways of disrupting ERAP1 function. These findings suggest that the regulatory site of ERAP1 plays distinct roles in antigenic peptide selection, which should be taken into consideration when designing therapeutic interventions targeting the cancer immunopeptidome.
CO2has significant implications for hourly ambient temperature: Evidence from Hawaii
Authors: Forbes Kevin F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA small group of climate scientists and influencers have vigorously disputed the scientific consensus on climate change. They have contributed to a belief system that has impeded policy actions to reduce emissions. They accept that more CO2in the atmosphere has consequences for the climate but strongly deny that the magnitude of the effect is significant. Using hourly CO2data from the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, this article examines whether the hourly temperature data at the nearby Hilo International Airport support this belief. ARCH/ARMAX methods are employed because the hourly temperature data, even in Hawaii, are both highly autoregressive and volatile. The temperature data are analyzed using an archive of day‐ahead hourly weather forecast data to control for expected meteorological outcomes. The model is estimated using 42,928 hourly observations from August 7, 2009, through December 31, 2014. CO2concentrations are found to have statistically significant implications for hourly temperature. The model is evaluated using hourly data from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017. The findings add to the consilience of evidence supporting the scientific consensus on climate change.
Water‐Soluble Aryl‐ and Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrroles
Authors: Aragay Gemma , Ballester Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study of molecular recognition processes in water using biomimetic synthetic receptors provides valuable information for understanding more complex biological processes. In the last decade, our group focused on the use of aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrrole (AE−C[4]P) scaffolds for the binding of small polar molecules in water. The cone conformation of tetra‐α isomers of aryl‐extended calix[4]pyrroles defines a deep hydrophobic cavity with an open end and functionalized with converging hydrogen‐bond donor groups in its closed end. In this sense, AE−C[4]Ps can be considered as simple biomimetic analogs of enzyme binding sites. In this account, we describe the synthetic strategies used for the preparation of water‐soluble AE‐ and super aryl‐extended (SAE−) C[4]Ps. We review and rationalize the results of their molecular recognition studies in water using pyridyl‐N‐oxide derivatives and a series of small and neutral polar molecules as guests and comment on their applications as supramolecular and sequestering protective groups.
Transfection efficacy and drug release depends upon the PEG derivative in cationic lipoplexes: Evaluation in 3D in vitro model and in vivo
Authors: A. M. Gileva , O. O. Koloskova , A. S. Nosova , L. I. Vishniakova , V. A. Simonova , L. A. Kurbanova , E. A. Egorenkov , V. V. Smirnov , U. A. Budanova , Yu L. Sebyakin , N. E. Suzina , M. R. Khaitov , E. Markvicheva 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe goal of the study was to estimate transfection efficacy and drug release in function of the PEG derivative in cationic liposomes and lipoplexes in both 2D and 3D in vitro models as well as in a mouse model (in vivo). For this purpose, cationic PEGylated nanocarriers based on OrnOrnGlu(C16H33)2 lipopeptides were fabricated and characterized. The nanocarriers were loaded with DNA plasmid pGL3 or with siRNA targeting 5′‐UTR region of Hepatitis C virus, and their transfection efficacies were studied by luciferase test or by PCR technique, respectively. The pGL3‐lipoplexes containing PEG derivative b (6 mol % PEG) were selected as the most promising nanocarriers for further in vivo study. In vitro cytotoxicity assay of the pGL3‐lipoplexes with the PEG derivative b showed 2‐ and 1.5‐fold enhancements of IC50 levels for HEK293T and HepG2 cells, respectively. Accumulation of the liposomes in the cells was studied by confocal microscopy using both 2D (monolayer culture) and 3D (multicellular spheroids) in vitro models. The PEGylated liposomes were found to penetrate cells more slowly than unmodified ones (without PEG). Thus, maximum liposomes in the HEK293T cells was observed after 1 and 3 h in the case of 2D and 3D in vitro models, respectively. Biodistribution study in mice showed that the PEGylated lipoplexes containing the PEG derivative b were eliminated from the bloodstream more slowly, namely with the doubled half‐life time, than unmodified ones. Thus, the enhanced transfection efficacy and prolonged drug release of the PEGylated lipoplexes containing the optimal PEG derivative was demonstrated. This approach could be promising for development of novel siRNA‐based drugs.
Effects of risk factors on evoked pain patterns in rat models of experimental knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Philpott Holly T. , Blackler Garth , Daniel Klapak Joseph , Pitchers Kyle K. , Tomlinson Madison , Smith Niall , Viehweger Jaclyn , Umoh Joseph U. , Holdsworth David W. , Maerz Tristan , Thomas Appleton Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPain experiences in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) may be influenced differently by OA risk factors, reducing the translatability of preclinical research into the clinic. Our objective was to contrast evoked pain patterns after exposure to different OA risk factors including acute joint trauma, chronic instability, or obesity/metabolic syndrome using rat models of experimental knee OA. We tested longitudinal patterns of evoked pain behaviors (knee pressure pain threshold and hindpaw withdrawal threshold) in young male rats exposed to different OA‐inducing risk factors including (1) nonsurgical joint trauma (impact‐induced anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture); (2) surgical joint destabilization (ACL + medial meniscotibial ligament transection); and (3) high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet‐induced obesity. Histopathology for synovitis, cartilage damage, and subchondral bone morphology was performed. Pressure pain threshold was reduced (more pain) most, and earlier by joint trauma (Week 4–12) and HFS (Week 8–28) than by joint destabilization (Week 12). Hindpaw withdrawal threshold was reduced transiently after joint trauma (Week 4), with smaller and later reductions after joint destabilization (Week 12), but not with HFS. Synovial inflammation occurred at Week 4 after joint trauma and instability but only coincided with pain behaviors after joint trauma. Cartilage and bone histopathology were most severe after joint destabilization and least severe with HFS. The pattern, intensity, and timing of evoked pain behaviors varied due to OA risk factor exposure and were inconsistently associated with histopathological OA features. These findings may help to explain the challenges with translating preclinical OA pain research to multimorbid clinical OA contexts.
Stem‐cell based soft tissue substitutes: Engineering of crosslinked polylysine‐hyaluronic acid microspheres ladened with gingival mesenchymal stem cells for collagen tissue regeneration and angiogenesis
Authors: Ni Jing , Li Mengdi , Li Chaolun , Zhong Zhe , Xi Hongwei , Wu Yiqun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to construct crosslinked polylysine‐hyaluronic acid microspheres (pl‐HAM) ladened with gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and explore its biologic behavior in soft tissue regeneration.MethodsThe effects of the crosslinked pl‐HAM on the biocompatibility and the recruitment of L‐929 cells and GMSCs were detected in vitro. Moreover, the regeneration of subcutaneous collagen tissue, angiogenesis and the endogenous stem cells recruitment were investigated in vivo. We also detected the cell developing capability of pl‐HAMs.ResultsThe crosslinked pl‐HAMs appeared to be completely spherical‐shaped particles and had good biocompatibility. L‐929 cells and GMSCs grew around the pl‐HAMs and increased gradually. Cell migration experiments showed that pl‐HAMs combined with GMSCs could promote the migration of vascular endothelial cells significantly. Meanwhile, the green fluorescent protein‐GMSCs in the pl‐HAM group still remain in the soft tissue regeneration area 2 weeks after surgery. The results of in vivo studies showed that denser collagen deposition and more angiogenesis‐related indicator CD31 expression in the pl‐HAMs+ GMSCs + GeL group compared with the pl‐HAMs + GeL group. Immunofluorescence showed that CD44, CD90, CD73 co‐staining positive cells surrounded the microspheres in both pl‐HAMs + GeL group and pl‐HAM + GMSCs + GeL group.ConclusionsThe crosslinked pl‐HAM ladened with GMSCs system could provide a suitable microenvironment for collagen tissue regeneration, angiogenesis and endogenous stem cells recruitment, which may be an alternative to autogenous soft tissue grafts for minimally invasive treatments for periodontal soft tissue defects in the future.
Association between sarcopenic obesity and poor muscle quality based on muscle quality map and abdominal computed tomography
Authors: Cho Yun Kyung , Jung Han Na , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Min Jung , Park Joong‐Yeol , Lee Woo Je , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Jung Chang Hee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated whether sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with muscle quality using abdominal computed tomography.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 13,612 participants who underwent abdominal computed tomography. The cross‐sectional area of the skeletal muscle was measured at the L3 level (total abdominal muscle area [TAMA]) and segmented into normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA, +30 to +150 Hounsfield units), low attenuation muscle area (−29 to +29 Hounsfield units), and intramuscular adipose tissue (−190 to −30 Hounsfield units). The NAMA/TAMA index was calculated by dividing NAMA by TAMA and multiplying by 100, and the lowest quartile of NAMA/TAMA index was defined as myosteatosis (<73.56 in men and <66.97 in women). Sarcopenia was defined using BMI‐adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass.ResultsThe prevalence of myosteatosis was found to be significantly higher in participants with sarcopenic obesity (17.9% vs. 54.2%, p < 0.001) than the control group without sarcopenia or obesity. Compared with the control group, the odds ratio (95% CI) for having myosteatosis was 3.70 (2.87–4.76) for participants with sarcopenic obesity after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsSarcopenic obesity is significantly associated with myosteatosis, which is representative of poor muscle quality.
Water‐driven shape memory nanocomposite fibers for actuators
Authors: Wang Changchun , Wang Lei , Zhang Zewu , Zhang Na , Huang Yu‐an 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShape memory polymer (SMP) can store entropic energy during programming and release the energy as recovery. The released energy is determined by the recovery strain and the recovery stress. The low recovery stress of SMP limits its application. In this paper, shape memory nanocomposite fibers (SMNFs) prepared by wet spinning through a two‐step orientating process show thermo‐active and water‐driven shape memory effect. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are uniformly dispersed in SMNF and aligned along the SMNF axis. SMNF with 13 wt% CNT has an average maximum recovery stress of ~160 MPa at 100°C, which is almost five times higher than that of a pure PVA fiber. The uniform distribution of the orientational CNTs in the SMNFs and the confinement effect of the CNTs confirmed by the increased relaxation time contribute to the increment of the recovery stress. Aligned CNTs impede the mobility of amorphous chains and increase the Tg of SMNFs. The twisted SMNF can drive an object up to 25 times its own weight in water to rotate and lift. The rotational velocity of the twisted SMNF is sensitive to temperature. Water molecules acting as plasticizers greatly enhance the mobility of the PVA chains, and the SMNF in water releases the stored entropic energy at room temperature. The SMNF with high recovery stress demonstrates its potential for applications in the field of actuators and artificial muscles.
Lung biopsy in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Callaway Danielle A. , Wang Yifei , Lingappan Krithika , Pogoriler Jennifer E. , Laje Pablo , Nilan Kathleen , Kirpalani Haresh , Zhang Huayan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLung biopsy is infrequently performed in the population of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Yet, its presentation may overlap with other infant diffuse lung diseases, including those within the spectrum of childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD). Lung biopsy might differentiate between these entities or identify those with an extremely poor prognosis. Both might alter the clinical management of some infants diagnosed with BPD.MethodsIn this tertiary referral center, we drew on a retrospective cohort of 308 preterm infants with severe BPD. Of these, nine underwent lung biopsy between 2012 and 2017. We aimed to assess the indication for lung biopsy, the prior clinical history, safety of the procedure, and describe the biopsy findings. Finally, we considered management decisions in relation to the biopsy results in these patients.ResultsAll nine infants undergoing biopsy survived the procedure. The mean gestational age and birth weight of the nine patients were 30 ± 3 (range 27−34) weeks and 1421 ± 571 (range 611−2140) grams. All infants received serial echocardiograms to assess pulmonary hypertension, genetic testing, and computed tomography angiography (CTA) before biopsy. In all nine patients moderate to severe alveolar simplification was present and eight had some degree of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) ranging from focal to diffuse. Following biopsy, two infants with PIG received high dose systemic steroids and two separate infants had care redirected.ConclusionIn our cohort, lung biopsy was safe and well tolerated. Findings from lung biopsy may aid decision making in selected patients as a part of a step‐wise diagnostic algorithm.
Comparison of the efficacy of inhaled versus infused milrinone in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in resource‐limited settings: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Choobdar Farhad Abolhasan , Shahhosseini Peyman , Vahedi Zahra , Khosravi Nastaran , Khalesi Nasrin , Ghassemzadeh Maral 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe standard treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), which is not available in Iran. Consequently, other drugs, such as milrinone, are prescribed. So far, no study has investigated the effectiveness of inhaled milrinone in the management of PPHN. The present study aimed to improve the management of PPHN in the absence of iNO.MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, neonates with PPHN, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Hazrat Ali‐Asghar and Akbar‐Abadi hospitals, were treated with intravenous dopamine infusion and randomly divided into two groups, receiving milrinone through inhalation or infusion rout. The neonates were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography, clinical examinations, and oxygen demand test. The neonates were also evaluated for the clinical symptoms and mortality in the follow‐up.ResultsA total of 31 infants, with a median age of 2 days (interquartile range = 4), were included in this study. There was a significant decrease in the peak systolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in both inhalation and infusion groups following milrinone administration, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.584 and p = 0.147, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the mean systolic blood pressure before and after treatment. Additionally, diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the infusion group after treatment (p = 0.020); however, the amount of reduction was not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.928). Overall, 83.9% of the participants achieved full recovery, 75% of whom were in the infusion group and 93.3% in the inhalation group (p = 0.186).ConclusionMilrinone inhalation can have similar effects to milrinone infusion as an adjunct treatment in the management of PPHN. Also, infusion and inhalation of milrinone showed similar safety.
Chronic resveratrol administration reduces oxidative stress and brain cell loss and improves memory of recognition in old rats
Authors: Juarez Daniel , Arteaga Ivan , Cortes Haisha , Vazquez‐Roque Ruben , Lopez‐Lopez Gustavo , Flores Gonzalo , Treviño Samuel , Guevara Jorge , Diaz Alfonso 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cognitive functions of people over 60 years of age have been diminished, due to the structural and functional changes that the brain has during aging. The most evident changes are at the behavioral and cognitive level, with decreased learning capacity, recognition memory, and motor incoordination. The use of exogenous antioxidants has been implemented as a potential pharmacological option to delay the onset of brain aging by attenuating oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Resveratrol (RSVL) is a polyphenol present in various foods, such as red fruits, and drinks, such as red wine. This compound has shown great antioxidant capacity due to its chemical structure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chronic RSVL treatment on oxidative stress and cell loss in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of 20‐month‐old rats, as well as its impact on recognition memory and motor behavior. Rats treated with RSVL showed an improvement in locomotor activity and in short‐ and long‐term recognition memory. Likewise, the concentration of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in the group with RSVL, coupled with an improvement in the activity of the antioxidant system. Finally, with the help of hematoxylin and eosin staining, it was shown that chronic treatment with RSVL prevented cell loss in the brain regions studied. Our results demonstrate the antioxidant and neuroprotective capacity of RSVL when administered chronically. This strengthens the proposal that RSVL could be an important pharmacological option to reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases that affect older adults.
Neonatal olfactory bulbectomy induces anxiety‐related behavior and modifies dopaminergic receptor expression in post‐pubertal rats
Authors: Flores Gonzalo , Gómez‐Villalobos María de Jesús , Iannitti Tommaso , Morales‐Medina Julio César 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOlfaction is a complex physiological process producing effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and implicated in emotional processes. Indeed, the olfactory bulbs (OB) send projections to various CNS regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and caudate‐putamen (CPu). Both the NAcc and CPu receive important dopaminergic input. Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is related to anxiety‐related behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) to anxiety‐related behavior as assayed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) as well as the expression of dopaminergic receptors (D1‐like, D2‐like, and D3) in the NAcc and CPu at pre‐ and post‐pubertal ages in the rat. The results show that nOBX increased the number of entries in the open arm of the EPM post‐pubertally, suggesting an anxiolytic‐related effect. nOBX increased the D2‐like binding in the NAcc shell and D3 binding in the NAcc core pre‐pubertally. At post‐pubertal ages, the D3 binding was reduced at the olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja in nOBX rats. Alterations in the DA receptor expression may be one mechanism responsible for the observed behavioral modifications in nOBX rats.