bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologist-Trained Machine Learning Classifiers Developed to Quantitate Celiac Disease Features Differentiate Endoscopic Biopsies According to Modified Marsh Score and Dietary Intervention Response
Authors: Gruver Aaron M , Lu Haiyan , Zhao Xiaoxian , Fulford Angie D , Soper Michael D , Ballard Darryl , Hanson Jeff C , Schade Andrew E , Hsi Eric D , Gottlieb Klaus , Credille Kelly M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Histologic evaluation of the mucosal changes associated with celiac disease is important for establishing an accurate diagnosis and monitoring the impact of investigational therapies. While the Marsh-Oberhuber classification has been used to categorize the histologic findings into discrete stages (i.e., Type 0-3c), significant variability has been documented between observers using this ordinal scoring system. Therefore, we evaluated whether pathologist-trained machine learning classifiers can be developed to objectively quantitate the pathological changes of villus blunting, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and crypt hyperplasia in small intestine endoscopic biopsies.
Methods
A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and combined with a secondary algorithm to quantitate intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) with 5 classes on CD3 immunohistochemistry whole slide images (WSI) and used to correlate feature outputs with ground truth modified Marsh scores in a total of 116 small intestine biopsies.
Results
Across all samples, median %CD3 counts (positive cells/enterocytes) from villous epithelium (VE) increased with higher Marsh scores (Type 0 %CD3 VE=13.4; Type 1-3 %CD3 VE=41.9, p<0.0001). Indicators of villus blunting and crypt hyperplasia were also observed (Type 0-2 villous epithelium/lamina propria area ratio = 0.81; Type 3a-3c villous epithelium/lamina propria area ratio = 0.29, p<0.0001), and Type 0-1 crypt/villous epithelial area ratio = 0.59; Type 2-3 crypt/villous epithelial area ratio = 1.64, p<0.0001). Using these individual features, a combined feature machine learning score (MLS) was created to evaluate a set of 28 matched pre- and post-intervention biopsies captured before and after dietary gluten restriction. The disposition of the continuous MLS paired biopsy result aligned with the Marsh score in 96.4% (27/28) of the cohort.
Conclusions
Machine learning classifiers can be developed to objectively quantify histologic features and capture additional data not achievable with manual scoring. Such approaches should be further investigated to improve biopsy evaluation, especially for clinical trials.
Phage-mediated transmission of colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Lucidi Massimiliano , Imperi Francesco , Artuso Irene , Capecchi Giulia , Spagnoli Cinzia , Visaggio Daniela , Rampioni Giordano , Leoni Livia , Visca Paolo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health, and Acinetobacter baumannii is a paradigmatic example of how rapidly bacteria become resistant to clinically relevant antimicrobials. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains has forced the revival of colistin as a “last-resort” drug, suddenly leading to the emergence of colistin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that the A. baumannii temperate bacteriophage Φ19606 acts as a vehicle of colistin resistance through the horizontal transfer of the eptA1 gene, encoding a lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase which prevents colistin from binding to the outer membrane. eptA1 is coregulated with its chromosomal homolog pmrC via the PmrAB two-component system, and the expression of both genes is induced by low calcium and magnesium levels, resulting in colistin resistance. Moreover, eptA1 facilitates the emergence of spontaneous colistin-resistant mutants. Overall, Φ19606 is an unprecedented example of a self-transmissible phage vector implicated in the dissemination of colistin resistance.
Labor market pigeonholes: Positive stereotypes and immigrants’ frames of reference in the Norwegian hospitality industry
Authors: Gamage Tharindu Nuwan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Despite the extensive research and policy focusing on labor market integration, the clustering of immigrants in elementary occupations is still apparent in many countries, including countries like Norway, where social equality is enshrined. In this study, we focused on two less researched factors for this, positive stereotypes and immigrants’ dual frame of reference to investigate their impact on immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. The present study draws heavily upon two influential theories in labor market integration and discrimination, namely, statistical discrimination theory and Piore's dual frame of reference theory. Based on qualitative data collected from a highly immigrant-concentrated industry in Kristiansand, Norway - the hospitality industry - the paper describes how positive stereotypes and immigrant workers' frames of reference contribute to immigrants' clustering in elementary occupations.
According to previous studies, statistical discrimination, which refers to making hiring decisions based on previous experiences, stereotypes, particularly negative stereotypes, are among the major factors affecting immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. However, this study describes how positive stereotypes also lead to statistical discrimination and affect the immigrants’ clustering in elementary occupations. Further, considering immigrants’ dual frames of reference, this study demonstrates that the referencing points of immigrants cannot be limited to their home and host countries. Moreover, when comparing their reference points, immigrants consider financial benefits and social and cultural factors. Therefore, this study proposes “value aspects of immigrants’ frames of reference” as an extension of Piore’s dual frame of reference theory.
Aldosterone induces hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis through Cav-1 dependent pathway
Authors: Li Xu , Li Yang , Chen Tingting , Zhang Yan , Xu Qihan , Zhang Yijie , Lin Ying , Gong Jiacheng , Yang Qiaomu , Chen Zhuoer , Meng Ying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a pivotal event in liver fibrosis. Aldosterone (Aldo) is upregulated in liver fibrosis, but its role in HSC activation remains unclear. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a key structural protein of caveolae that facilitates the actions of Aldo in various cellular processes. However, the expression and function of Cav-1 in HSCs during HSC activation and liver fibrosis are controversial. Our findings demonstrate that the intracellular expression of Aldo and Cav-1 is upregulated during HSC activation. Administration of spironolactone or knockdown of Cav-1 in HSCs resulted in ameliorated liver fibrosis induced by Aldo infusion or bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Mechanistically, Aldo recruited proteins such as mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) into HSC caveolae via Cav-1, thereby elevating intracellular levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently enhancing HSC contraction and migration abilities. Our study reveals a novel mechanism through which Aldo regulates HSC activation and promotes liver fibrosis via the Cav-1 dependent pathway, highlighting the therapeutic potential of blocking the Aldo receptor or specifically targeting intracellular Cav-1 to ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis.
Conditional Inference on the Weibull Distribution Parameters Based on the Generalized Progressive Hybrid Censoring Scheme
Authors: Maswadah M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is widely known that conditional inference is usually just as effective as Bayesian inference based on a non-informative prior. However, it is less efficient than Bayesian inference based on the informative prior distribution. Therefore, the main objective is to find the conditional point estimates using pivotal functions for the Weibull distribution parameters, based on the generalized progressive hybrid-censoring scheme, and compare it with the Bayesian estimates, via Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results showed that conditional inference is highly efficient and provides better estimates than Bayesian estimates based on different loss functions. Finally, the proposed model could be important for analysing real data to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed methods.
Investigation on children's handwashing behaviour and contamination levels in rural Cambodia
Authors: Manago Gaku , Phan Kongkea 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate children's handwashing behaviour, contamination levels and qualities of water sources used for handwashing in rural Cambodia. A field survey was conducted by simple random sampling in Kandal Leu village of Kandal Province in 2014. Only 23 children were interviewed with the informed consent of their guardians, limiting our data analysis as descriptive. Concurrently, an adenosine triphosphate test kit was used to assess their hands' contamination levels. Their water sources for handwashing were also tested for Escherichia coli and coliform. As a result, approximately 27% of children in the study areas were found not to wash their hands and 17.2% of children washed their hands more than four times a day before and after eating, after touching dirt and after toileting. Approximately 74% of the dirt could be removed from hands by washing with water. Concurrently, approximately 96% of water from traditional rainwater jars (Pieng) used for handwashing was contaminated with coliform, while 65% was contaminated with E. coli. Cambodian children in our study area used polluted rainwater for handwashing in the rainy season. This study suggests that appropriate handwashing requires safe water and educational programs on environmental and personal hygiene for parents and children.
Application of hydrological models in climate change framework for a river basin in India
Authors: Vogeti Rishith Kumar , Raju K. Srinivasa , Nagesh Kumar D. , Rajesh Advani Manish , Somanath Kumar S. V. , Jha Yashraj Santosh Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), and Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) are explored for streamflow simulation of Lower Godavari Basin, India. The simulating ability of models is evaluated using four indicators. SWAT has shown exceptional simulating ability in calibration and validation compared to the other two. Accordingly, SWAT is used in the climate change framework using an ensemble of 13 Global Climate Models and four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Three time segments, near-future (2021–2046), mid-future (2047–2072), and far-future (2073–2099), are considered for analysis. Four SSPs show a substantial increase in streamflow compared to the historical period (1982–2020). These deviations range from 17.14 (in SSP245) to 28.35% (in SSP126) (near-future), 31.32 (SSP370) to 43.28% (SSP585) (mid-future), and 30.41 (SSP126) to 70.8% (SSP585) (far-future). Across all timescales covering 948 months, the highest projected streamflows observed in SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585 were 4962.36, 6,108, 6,821, and 6,845 m3/s, respectively. Efforts are also made to appraise the influence of multi-model combinations on streamflow. The present study is expected to provide a platform for holistic decision-making, which helps develop efficient basin planning and management alternatives.
Burdening Perspectives and Treatment Modalities of Monkeypox: A Central Dogma
Authors: Dhoundiyal Shivang , Alam Md. Aftab , Kaur Awaneet , Varshney Sandesh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
The monkeypox virus (MPXV), belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus, is responsible for causing the zoonotic illness known as Monkeypox. The virus was initially identified during an outbreak at a Danish Zoo in 1958 and has since been found to infect various mammal species worldwide. While African squirrels and other rodents are believed to be the primary hosts, determining the natural host has proven challenging. While MPXV can be studied using different animal models in laboratory settings, understanding its natural transmission routes remains complex and species-dependent. Recent developments have elevated the global health concern surrounding Monkeypox, leading to its designation as a Global Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July 2022. Enhancing surveillance and case detection is crucial in navigating the unpredictable epidemiology of this re-emerging disease. Human infections with the monkeypox virus are becoming less frequent due to population growth and economic improvements. Monkeypox, similar to smallpox, can potentially be controlled and eradicated in the future through vaccines, appropriate treatment, and personal protective equipment.
Estrategias pedagógicas en la Educación superior para la formación de competencias de estudiantes de ingeniería en ambientes virtuales
Authors: Barrionuevo Analía , Vilanova Gabriela , Varas Jorge 
Published: August 2023

Un entorno de formación presencial, a distancia o de cualquiera de los modelos mixtos, basado en las Tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), se apoya en decisiones relacionadas con el diseño de la enseñanza, desde el punto de vista del docente y del propio alumno, en decisiones que hacen referencia al contexto y al marco institucional, y en decisiones que tienen que ver con la tecnología en sí misma y la selección del sistema o herramientas de comunicación más adecuadas. Es necesario formar graduados con competencias técnicas, profesionales y culturales para enfrentar los desafíos de la sociedad, contribuir a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y acceder al trabajo digno.
Se requiere de un cambio en la función docente, pasando a ser de experto a ser tutores, guías de oportunidades de aprendizaje y crecimiento intelectual. Desde esta perspectiva, es necesario buscar vías para promover el trabajo autónomo del estudiante, tales como el trabajo cooperativo, el debate, la solución de problemas, el trabajo por proyectos, simulaciones, análisis de casos. El presente trabajo se desarrolla en el marco de una beca de iniciación a la investigación en el PI29/b254, como becaria alumna de posgrado de la Maestría en Educación en entornos virtuales dictada por la UNPA. Se pretende aportar diseños y modelos de gestión de acciones formativas en entornos virtuales que garanticen la inclusión mediante la alfabetización tecnológica para el desarrollo de competencias informacionales, posibilitando la construcción colaborativa de conocimiento en red de los estudiantes de ingeniería de la UTN Facultad regional Tucumán.
Audit Team Distance and Audit Quality Threatening Behavior
Authors: Annelin Alice , Che Limei 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
This paper uses unique survey data from a Swedish Big 4 firm to examine the association between audit quality threatening behavior (AQTB) and two types of distance between team members in audit teams (i.e., audit team distance): subjective distance as the perception of proximity, and communication distance as the percentage of communication via technology. Investigating the factors influencing AQTB is important because AQTB adversely affects audit quality. The results show that team members with greater subjective and communication distance engage in more AQTB, which suggests that audit firms should pay attention to team members’ subjective and communication distances and take actions to curb their negative impacts. Using rich data collected from real-world audit team experience, this study deepens our understanding of how different types of audit team distance impact auditors’ AQTB.
Is Audit Quality Higher When Audit Committees Report Strong Oversight?
Authors: Bratten Brian , Causholli Monika , Sulcaj Valbona 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
This article provides a summary of recent research by Bratten, Causholli, and Sulcaj (2022), who examine whether issuers with audit committees who report strong oversight over the audit function have higher audit quality. Using a novel dataset from Audit Analytics that summarizes reported audit committee activities, Bratten et al. (2022) create a composite measure that captures the strength of the audit committee’s oversight of the audit process. The study uses several measures to capture audit quality, including audit fees, discretionary accruals, and propensity to meet or just beat earnings benchmarks. The authors show that, when issuers’ audit committees report activities consistent with being more active in overseeing the external auditor, issuers, on average, have better audit quality.
Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance and the Internal Control Environment
Authors: Moffitt Jacquelyn Sue , Patin Jeanne-Claire Alyse , Watson Luke 
Published: August 2023

SYNOPSIS
We consider how corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance relates to the strength of the internal control environment. The transparent reporting hypothesis predicts that high ESG performance signals ethical decision making and/or strong financial performance, both of which manifest in a stronger internal control environment and, therefore, fewer material weaknesses in internal controls. We find that ESG performance is negatively related to the likelihood of general internal control weaknesses, consistent with transparent reporting. We also find that ESG performance is negatively related to company-level internal control weaknesses, which are considered relatively severe. Further, we find that ESG performance is negatively associated with specific internal control weaknesses that indicate a lack of ethical tone at the top. We find support for both ethical and performance explanations behind the transparent reporting hypothesis. Overall, our results suggest that ESG performance is positively associated with the strength of the internal control environment.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M14; M40; M42.
Comparison of the Surface Properties of 3D-printed Permanent Restorative Resins and Resin-based CAD/CAM Blocks
Authors: Karaoğlanoğlu S , Aydın N , Oktay EA , Ersöz B 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness, microhardness, and color changes of resin-based computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins in different beverages.

Methods and Materials
Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart 270 and Grandio Blocs) and 3D-printed permanent restorative resins (Crowntec and Permanent Crown) were used in this study. A total of 96 specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed permanent resins. The initial surface roughness, microhardness, and shade value of the specimens were measured. Then, the specimens prepared from each material were divided into three subgroups (n=8) and immersed in tea, coffee, and distilled water for 30 days. After the specimens were immersed in the beverages, the surface roughness, microhardness, and tone values were measured again. The data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance test (p&lt;0.05).

Results
No statistically significant difference was found in the surface roughness values of the resin-based CAD/CAM blocks and 3D-printed resins (p&lt;0.05). Resin-based CAD/CAM blocks showed statistically significantly higher microhardness than 3D-printed permanent resins (p&lt;0.05). Although the color changes in 3D-printed resins in tea and coffee were similar to those in resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the first and seventh days, more color changes appeared in the 3D-printed resins after 30 days. The surface roughness and microhardness values of the specimens submerged in tea, coffee, and distilled water showed no statistically significant changes (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions
Although the surface roughness of 3D-printed permanent resins was similar to that of resin-based CAD/CAM blocks, they had a lower microhardness value. Moreover, 3D-printed permanent resins showed more color changes in tea and coffee.
FORMAÇÃO E PROFISSIONALIZAÇÃO DOCENTE: PONDERAÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Do Nascimento Bruna Gonçalo , De Oliveira Francisca Fabiana Bento , Andrade Beatriz de Pontes Medeiros , Bôto Anne Heide Vieira , Gomes Maria de Fátima Cavalcante , De Sousa Maria Fabilene Bento Oliveira , E Sales Maria Julieta Fai Serpa , Cavalcante Maria Marina Dias 
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo discute acerca de aspectos históricos acerca da formação e profissionalização docente no Brasil, que se delineia a partir de uma linha cronológica do século XVI, abordando seus reflexos na sociedade contemporânea. Diante disso, o objetivo geral consiste em analisar o processo histórico de formação e profissionalização docente no Brasil e suas reverberações na atualidade. O percurso metodológico constitui-se de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como método um estudo de caráter bibliográfico, que se respalda em um levantamento de obras científicas publicadas, com aporte teórico de Nóvoa (1999), Saviani (2008) e Vicentini e Lugli (2009). Nesse decurso, observa-se avanços e retrocessos, vivenciados no seio da sociedade capitalista no Brasil. Ademais, percebe-se a intensidade da luta dos professores por melhorias, bem como o reconhecimento de sua profissão ao longo do período analisado. Conclui-se que o processo de formação e profissionalização docente é marcado por desafios e conquistas ao longo da História, com reverberações na educação e na formação de seres humanos.
Consequências de relações destrutivas
Authors: Ally Elizabeth Zamerul 
Published: August 2023

As relações destrutivas são aquelas que ultrapassam os limites e acabam deixando uma marca profunda nos envolvidos. Geralmente elas são causadas por ciúme excessivo, descontrole emocional, obsessão ou até mesmo por gostar demais do outro. Quando esses fatores saem do controle podem gerar inúmeras consequências como ansiedade, depressão, violência e outros problemas físicos e psiquiátricos mais graves. E este tipo de relação gera consequências nas outras áreas da vida, prejudicando muito a qualidade de vida dos envolvidos e, por isso, merece atenção.
PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ( ROA DAN ROE ) (Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Yang terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)
Authors: B11212100 FEBRIANAWATI 
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Corporate Financial Performance. Obyek penelitian yang digunakan adalah industri perbankan dengan total 60 perusahaan yang terdaftar (listing) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2010 – 2012. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah corporate social responsibility, variabel dependennya adalah return on equity (ROE) dan Return on Asset (ROA) sementara variabel kontrol dalam penelitian ini adalah firm size. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Corporate Social Responsibility tidak memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap ROA. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Corporate Social Responsibility memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap ROE. Kata kunci : Corporate Social Responsibility, ROA, ROE, Firm Size.