bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of specific hormonal profile in fruit parts of sunflower inbred lines with contrasting dormancy levels during germination and dormancy breaking by exogenous application of plant growth regulators
Authors: Bel Zoé Del , Andrade Andrea , Maddalena Marisa Della , Vigliocco Ana , Alemano Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed dormancy at harvest is an undesirable characteristic regarding productive systems. From a commercial point of view, the dormancy generates production and marketing problem with a negative impact on crop yields. To overcome this problem, we studied different treatments, including the application of growth regulators. In addition, as the interaction of various hormones in different sunflower fruit parts is not fully understood regarding regulation of dormancy and germination processes, we also (1) characterized the dormancy level of sunflower seeds of Xi3 and X274 inbred lines; (2) assessed the effect of exogenous growth regulators on dormancy release; (3) evaluated the endogenous content of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), auxins, and cytokinins (CKs) in embryonic axis, cotyledons, pericarp, and seed coat‐endosperm; and (4) analyzed the kinetics of the accumulation of these phytohormones in Xi3 embryonic axis during early imbibition (3 to 12 h) of cypselas treated, or not, with growth regulators effective in the dormancy release. We were able to classify the two sunflower lines studied according to dormancy level: The Xi3 line was dormant and X274 line was non‐dormant at harvest. The results showed that the dormancy of Xi3 seeds is associated with a high level of ABA, OPDA, and JA, while germination of X274 dry seeds at harvest time is related to high levels of GA1. Exogenous treatment with GA3 and Ethephon overcame Xi3 seed dormancy through the changes in endogenous hormonal profiles of the embryonic axis. The exogenous application of GA3 induced JA, SA, and CKs accumulation and to modify the ABA/GA1 ratio, whereas Ethephon treatments mediated the ABA/GA1 ratio with the consequent Xi3 seed germination. Thus, the interplay of different phytohormones during early imbibition time seems to be the responsible for breaking sunflower seed dormancy.
Rapid evolution of a bacterial parasite during outbreaks in two Daphnia populations
Authors: Shaw Clara L. , Duffy Meghan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMyriad ecological and evolutionary factors can influence whether a particular parasite successfully transmits to a new host during a disease outbreak, with consequences for the structure and diversity of parasite populations. However, even though the diversity and evolution of parasite populations are of clear fundamental and applied importance, we have surprisingly few studies that track how genetic structure of parasites changes during naturally occurring outbreaks in non‐human populations. Here, we used population genetic approaches to reveal how genotypes of a bacterial parasite, Pasteuria ramosa, change over time, focusing on how infecting P. ramosa genotypes change during the course of epidemics in Daphnia populations in two lakes. We found evidence for genetic change – and, therefore, evolution – of the parasite during outbreaks. In one lake, P. ramosa genotypes were structured by sampling date; in both lakes, genetic distance between groups of P. ramosa isolates increased with time between sampling. Diversity in parasite populations remained constant over epidemics, although one epidemic (which was large) had low genetic diversity while the other epidemic (which was small) had high genetic diversity. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of parasite evolution differ between outbreaks; future studies exploring the feedbacks among epidemic size, host diversity, and parasite genetic diversity would improve our understanding of parasite dynamics and evolution.
Content and quality of clinical practice guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes in India: A systematic review
Authors: Olujide Oluwasegun P. , Olujide Mariama E. , Leonardi‐Bee Jo , Chattopadhyay Kaushik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver the last few decades, India has witnessed an increase in the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been developed to assist western and traditional Indian medicine practitioners in managing this disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and synthesize the content and quality of these CPGs.MethodsSeveral databases and sources were searched from inception to May 2022, to identify CPGs for managing adults with T2DM in India. The screening of titles and abstracts and full texts, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion or by involving a third reviewer. A data extraction tool from a previous study was adapted to extract the content of the included CPGs, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool was used to assess the quality of the included CPGs. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsOf 3350 records identified, 11 were retrieved for full‐text screening and five CPGs were included in this systematic review—three focused on traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) and two focused on western medicine. These two western medicine CPGs contained comprehensive recommendations for managing T2DM but only one of these, the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India/Endocrine Society of India (RSSDI/ESI) CPG, was of high quality.ConclusionsOnly one CPG can be recommended for managing T2DM by western medicine practitioners in India. Future CPGs, especially for traditional Indian medicine practitioners, should be developed and updated using the standard CPG manuals and quality appraisal tools.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42021279499).
Risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) with lamotrigine and other sodium channel‐modulating antiseizure medications
Authors: Nightscales Russell , Barnard Sarah , Laze Juliana , Chen Zhibin , Tao Gerard , Auvrez Clarissa , Sivathamboo Shobi , Cook Mark J. , Kwan Patrick , Friedman Daniel , Berkovic Samuel F. , D'Souza Wendyl , Perucca Piero , Devinsky Orrin , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn vitro data prompted U.S Food and Drug Administration warnings that lamotrigine, a common sodium channel modulating anti‐seizure medication (NaM‐ASM), could increase the risk of sudden death in patients with structural or ischaemic cardiac disease, however, its implications for Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP) are unclear.MethodsThis retrospective, nested case–control study identified 101 sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases and 199 living epilepsy controls from Epilepsy Monitoring Units (EMUs) in Australia and the USA. Differences in proportions of lamotrigine and NaM‐ASM use were compared between cases and controls at the time of admission, and survival analyses from the time of admission up to 16 years were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression and survival analyses compared each ASM subgroup adjusting for SUDEP risk factors.ResultsProportions of cases and controls prescribed lamotrigine (P = 0.166), one NaM‐ASM (P = 0.80), or ≥2NaM‐ASMs (P = 0.447) at EMU admission were not significantly different. Patients taking lamotrigine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.56; P = 0.054), one NaM‐ASM (aHR = 0.8; P = 0.588) or ≥2 NaM‐ASMs (aHR = 0.49; P = 0.139) at EMU admission were not at increased SUDEP risk up to 16 years following admission. Active tonic–clonic seizures at EMU admission associated with >2‐fold SUDEP risk, irrespective of lamotrigine (aHR = 2.24; P = 0.031) or NaM‐ASM use (aHR = 2.25; P = 0.029). Sensitivity analyses accounting for incomplete ASM data at follow‐up suggest undetected changes to ASM use are unlikely to alter our results.SignificanceThis study provides additional evidence that lamotrigine and other NaM‐ASMs are unlikely to be associated with an increased long‐term risk of SUDEP, up to 16 years post‐EMU admission.
Investment under uncertainty and irreversibility: Evidence from the shipping markets
Authors: Drakos Konstantinos , Tsouknidis Dimitris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates whether uncertainty and irreversibility affect new investments for high‐value real assets. We examine ocean‐going vessels and show that heightened uncertainty reduces both the likelihood of investment triggering and the magnitude of investment spending, conditional on triggering. These effects are more pronounced under an illiquid secondary ship market and a high price discount when reselling the vessel. We also show that uncertainty regarding the global economy and vessel‐specific earnings affect the investment decision, but the amplifying effect of investment reversibility operates only through global economic uncertainty. Our work is novel as it models periods of investment inactivity and examines investors' behaviour across vessel segments.
Automatic diagnosis of ureteral stone and degree of hydronephrosis with proposed convolutional neural network, RelieF, and gradient‐weighted class activation mapping based deep hybrid model
Authors: Bugday Muhammet Serdar , Akcicek Mehmet , Bingol Harun , Yildirim Muhammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrinary system stone disease is a common disease group all over the world. Ureteral stones constitute 20% of all urinary system stones. Ureteral stones are important because they can cause hydronephrosis and related renal parenchymal damage in the kidneys. In the study, a hybrid model was developed to detect hydronephrosis and ureteral stones from kidney images. In the developed model, heat maps of the original images were obtained by using gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (Grad‐CAM) technology. Then, feature maps were extracted from both the original and heatmap datasets using the Efficientnetb0 architecture. Extracted feature maps were concatenated using a multimodal fusion technique. In this way, different features of an image are obtained. This has a positive effect on the performance of the model. The Relief dimension reduction technique was used to eliminate unnecessary features in the obtained feature map so that the proposed model can work faster and more effectively. Finally, the optimized feature map is classified in the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. To compare the performance of the proposed hybrid model, results were obtained with 8 state‐of‐the‐art models accepted in the literature. Among these models, the highest accuracy value was achieved in the Efficientnetb0 architecture with 67.98%, whereas the accuracy of the proposed hybrid model was 91.1%. This value indicates that the proposed model can be used for HUN diagnosis.
Dental student success: The predictive value of first‐year grades
Authors: Sabato Emily , Perez Herminio , Jiang Shuying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThis study investigates the relationship between first‐year grades and cumulative grades at the end of dental school to explore trends in academic performance in the predoctoral dental curriculum. The objective of this research is to provide information to inform student support efforts for predoctoral dental programs.MethodsAcademic records for 156 students who completed their first year (D1) of predoctoral dental education in 2015/2016 were reviewed. The analysis reviews outcomes at the end of D1 and the end of the 4‐year curriculum. The outcomes of this study are grade point average (GPA) at the end of the 4‐year traditional dental school curriculum, grouped as basic science, preclinical, preclinical laboratory, translational, and clinical. Regression analyses were performed for each outcome. A GPA change of 0.5 was employed to demonstrate change, as it represented half a letter grade.ResultThe analysis found first‐year grades to be related to 4‐year academic outcomes. For example, a 0.5‐grade point score increase in the first‐year basic science GPA was associated with a 0.503 increase in basic science GPA. However, a 0.5‐grade point increase in first‐year annual GPA was associated with a 0.084 increase in the clinical science GPA. First‐year annual GPA was the only significant predictor variable for overall 4‐year GPA; a 0.5‐grade point increase in the first‐year annual GPA was associated with a 0.386 increase in overall GPA.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that academic and personal support in the first year of dental school is paramount in supporting student success in predoctoral dental education.
Identification of bibenzyls and evaluation of imitative wild planting techniques in Dendrobium officinale by HPLC‐ESI‐MSn
Authors: Meng Yuanjun , Wang Yawen , Zhang Lin , Li Jinyan , Hu Li , Wu Zhanghua , Yang Li'e , Wei Gang , Huang Yuechun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese herb with beneficial properties. Modern pharmacological studies show that bibenzyl is one of the antitumor active ingredients, but there is no effective quality control method for identifying ingredients. In this study, the composition of bibenzyls in Dendrobium officinale was studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MSn). A total of nine isolated bibenzyls and their glycosides, 22 bis (bibenzyls), and two phenylpropanol bibenzyl derivatives were identified. The results of HPLC characteristic chromatogram analysis and statistical analysis showed that the relative content of bibenzyls in wild imitation cultivation of samples had been significantly higher than that in greenhouse cultivation. In addition, the relative content of bibenzyls increased with the growth of the original plant. This study provided a scientific reference for controlling the quality of bibenzyls in Dendrobium officinale, developing the cultivation technology and improving the quality of Dendrobium officinale.Highlights
HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS method for the analysis of bibenzyls and bis (bibenzyls) in Dendrobium officinale.
Easy‐to‐use method facilitating rapid measurement of large sample quantities.
The method requires only small volumes of samples for the analysis.
Applicable for the establishment of Chinese medicine studies and the quality control standard of Chinese herbs.
Mitigating the allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1 by cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet
Authors: Hsu Fu‐Chiun , Lin Wan‐Ting , Hsieh Kuan‐Chen , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Ting Yuwen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPeanut allergy is recognized as a major food allergy that triggers severe and even fatal symptoms. Avoidance of peanuts in the diet is the main option for current safety management. Processing techniques reducing peanut allergenicity are required to develop other options. Cold plasma is currently considered as a novel non‐thermal approach to alter protein structure and has the potential to alleviate immunoreactivity of protein allergen.RESULTSThe application of a cold argon plasma jet to peanut protein extract could reduce the amount of a 64 kDa protein band corresponding to a major peanut allergen Ara h 1 using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but the overall protein size distribution did not change significantly. A decrease in peanut protein solubility was a possible cause that led to the loss of protein content in the soluble fraction. Immunoblotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay elucidated that the immunoreactivity of Ara h 1 was significantly decreased with the time treated with plasma. Ara h 1 antigenicity reduced by 38% after five scans (approximately 3 min) of cold argon plasma jet treatment, and the reduction was up to 66% after approximately 15 min of treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that cold argon plasma jet treatment could be a suitable platform for alleviating the immunoreactivity of peanut protein. This work demonstrates an efficient, compact, and rapid platform for mitigating the allergenicity of peanuts, and shows great potential for the plasma platform as a non‐thermal technique in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Irregular cusps of ball quotients
Authors: Maeda Yota 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the branch divisors on the boundary of the canonical toroidal compactification of ball quotients. We show a criterion, the low slope cusp form trick, for proving that ball quotients are of general type. Moreover, we classify when irregular cusps exist in the case of the discriminant kernel and construct concrete examples for some arithmetic subgroups. As another direction of study, when a complex ball is embedded into a Hermitian symmetric domain of type IV, we determine when regular or irregular cusps map to regular or irregular cusps studied by Ma.
Use of intraoperative indocyanine green angiography for detection and prediction of congestion in pedicled island flaps
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Karakawa Ryo , Scaglioni Mario F. , Fuse Yuma , Yano Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPedicled island flaps, including pedicled propeller flaps and pedicled transposition flaps, are widely used especially for coverage of soft tissue defects in the extremities and the trunk. However, due to its mobility limitations, the inset of the pedicled flaps can be challenging at times, especially when rotation or pressure is applied to the pedicle. The aim of this report is to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) angiography for detection and prediction of intraoperative and postoperative flap congestion in pedicled island flaps.Patients and MethodsFrom June 2018 to November 2021, 26 consecutive patients who underwent immediate reconstruction using the pedicled island flap after sarcoma resection were enrolled. ICG angiography was performed after elevation of the flap, after temporary flap fixation, and after final flap inset. Sensitivity and specificity of the last ICG angiography were calculated.ResultsIn 22 cases where the last ICG angiography highlighting showed a satisfactory flap, the flap survived completely. In four cases where the flap was not highlighted by the final ICG angiography but did not show other clinical signs of congestion, all flaps underwent total loss due to congestion. The sensitivity and specificity of the final ICG angiography for predicting postoperative flap congestion were both 100%.ConclusionICG angiography can accurately predict postoperative congestion of the pedicled island flap, with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. When the flap is insufficiently highlighted after final flap inset, other measures should be considered.
Real‐time radial reconstruction with domain transform manifold learning for MRI‐guided radiotherapy
Authors: Waddington David E. J. , Hindley Nicholas , Koonjoo Neha , Chiu Christopher , Reynolds Tess , Liu Paul Z. Y. , Zhu Bo , Bhutto Danyal , Paganelli Chiara , Keall Paul J. , Rosen Matthew S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMRI‐guidance techniques that dynamically adapt radiation beams to follow tumor motion in real time will lead to more accurate cancer treatments and reduced collateral healthy tissue damage. The gold‐standard for reconstruction of undersampled MR data is compressed sensing (CS) which is computationally slow and limits the rate that images can be available for real‐time adaptation.PurposeOnce trained, neural networks can be used to accurately reconstruct raw MRI data with minimal latency. Here, we test the suitability of deep‐learning‐based image reconstruction for real‐time tracking applications on MRI‐Linacs.MethodsWe use automated transform by manifold approximation (AUTOMAP), a generalized framework that maps raw MR signal to the target image domain, to rapidly reconstruct images from undersampled radial k‐space data. The AUTOMAP neural network was trained to reconstruct images from a golden‐angle radial acquisition, a benchmark for motion‐sensitive imaging, on lung cancer patient data and generic images from ImageNet. Model training was subsequently augmented with motion‐encoded k‐space data derived from videos in the YouTube‐8M dataset to encourage motion robust reconstruction.ResultsAUTOMAP models fine‐tuned on retrospectively acquired lung cancer patient data reconstructed radial k‐space with equivalent accuracy to CS but with much shorter processing times. Validation of motion‐trained models with a virtual dynamic lung tumor phantom showed that the generalized motion properties learned from YouTube lead to improved target tracking accuracy.ConclusionAUTOMAP can achieve real‐time, accurate reconstruction of radial data. These findings imply that neural‐network‐based reconstruction is potentially superior to alternative approaches for real‐time image guidance applications.
A unified rational Krylov method for elliptic and parabolic fractional diffusion problems
Authors: Danczul Tobias , Hofreither Clemens , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWe present a unified framework to efficiently approximate solutions to fractional diffusion problems of stationary and parabolic type. After discretization, we can take the point of view that the solution is obtained by a matrix‐vector product of the form , where is the discretization matrix of the spatial operator, a prescribed vector, and a parametric function, such as a fractional power or the Mittag‐Leffler function. In the abstract framework of Stieltjes and complete Bernstein functions, to which the functions we are interested in belong to, we apply a rational Krylov method and prove uniform convergence when using poles based on Zolotarëv's minimal deviation problem. The latter are particularly suited for fractional diffusion as they allow for an efficient query of the map and do not degenerate as the fractional parameters approach zero. We also present a variety of both novel and existing pole selection strategies for which we develop a computable error certificate. Our numerical experiments comprise a detailed parameter study of space‐time fractional diffusion problems and compare the performance of the poles with the ones predicted by our certificate.
Residual‐based a posteriori error estimates for nonconforming finite element approximation to parabolic interface problems
Authors: Ray Tanushree , Sinha Rajen Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a residual‐based a posteriori error estimates for nonconforming finite element approximation to parabolic interface problems. The present approach does not involve the Helmholtz decomposition while analyzing the reliability of the estimator. The constants involved in the estimators are independent of the jump of the diffusion coefficient across the interface, and the quasi‐monotonocity assumption on the diffusion coefficient is relaxed. The reliability bound of the estimator consists of the element residual, the edge flux jump and the edge solution jump. The efficiency of the estimator is analyzed by employing a coarsening strategy introduced by Chen and Feng's study. We derive both global upper bound and a local lower bound for the error and an adaptive space–time algorithm is prescribed using the derived estimators. Numerical results illustrating the behavior of the estimators are provided.