bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular‐based phenotype variations in amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Dong Jing , Ruan Wenyan , Duan Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one of the typical dental genetic diseases in human. It can occur isolatedly or as part of a syndrome. Previous reports have mainly clarified the types and mechanisms of nonsyndromic AI. This review aimed to compare the phenotypic differences among the hereditary enamel defects with or without syndromes and their underlying pathogenic genes. We searched the articles in PubMed with different strategies or keywords including but not limited to amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel defects, hypoplastic/hypomaturation/hypocalcified, syndrome, or specific syndrome name. The articles with detailed clinical information about the enamel and other phenotypes and clear genetic background were used for the analysis. We totally summarized and compared enamel phenotypes of 18 nonsyndromic AI with 17 causative genes and 19 syndromic AI with 26 causative genes. According to the clinical features, radiographic or ultrastructural changes in enamel, the enamel defects were basically divided into hypoplastic and hypomineralized (hypomaturated and hypocalcified) and presented a higher heterogeneity which were closely related to the involved pathogenic genes, types of mutation, hereditary pattern, X chromosome inactivation, incomplete penetrance, and other mechanisms.The gene‐specific enamel phenotypes could be an important indicator for diagnosing nonsyndromic and syndromic AI.
RUNX2 mutation inhibits the cellular senescence of dental follicle cells via ERK signalling pathway
Authors: Ji LingLi , Li Jie , Liu Dandan , Qiao Yanchun , Zhao Weiwei , Liu Yang , Zheng Shuguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of RUNX2 mutation on dental follicle cells (DFCs) senescence and clarify the underlying mechanism. This study aimed to explore the basis for a novel mechanism of delayed permanent tooth eruption in cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) patients.Materials and MethodsDental follicles were collected from a CCD patient and healthy controls. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining, Ki67 staining, cell cycle assays, and senescence‐related gene and protein expression assays were performed to assess DFCs senescence. Western blotting was performed to detect the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways, and the molecular mechanism underlying RUNX2 regulating in DFCs senescence was explored.ResultsRUNX2 mutation inhibited the cellular senescence of DFCs from the CCD patient compared with healthy controls. Ki67 staining showed that mutant RUNX2 promoted DFCs proliferation, and cell cycle assays revealed that the healthy control‐derived DFCs arrested at G1 phase. RUNX2 mutation significantly downregulated senescence‐associated gene and protein expression. RUNX2 mutation suppressed ERK signalling pathway activation, an ERK inhibitor decreased healthy control‐derived DFCs senescence, and an ERK activator promoted CCD patient‐derived DFCs senescence.ConclusionsRUNX2 mutation delayed DFCs senescence through the ERK signalling pathway, which may be responsible for delayed permanent tooth eruption in CCD patients.
Beyond Magnification and Illumination: Ergonomics with a 3D Exoscope in Lumbar Spine Microsurgery to Reduce Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Lin Hailin , Chen Fenyong , Lin Taotao , Mo Jiadong , Chen Zhi , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Wenge 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe risk of musculoskeletal injuries (MSIs) increases over years of practice which may lead to career‐ending among surgeons. Exoscopes represent a new generation of imaging systems that help surgeons operate in a more comfortable posture. This article aimed to assess advantages and limitations, especially ergonomics with a 3D exoscope in lumbar spine microsurgery versus an operating microscope (OM) to reduce MSIs.MethodsFrom March 2018 to May 2020, 90 patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing a single‐level minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS‐TLIF) procedure were included. Forty‐seven patients were operated with the assistance of the exoscope and 43 patients were operated with the assistance of the OM. Clinical data, magnification, and illumination were evaluated. In particular, the ergonomics of surgeons was evaluated by a questionnaire (subjective) and a rapid entire body assessment (REBA; objective).ResultsThe postoperative outcomes were reasonably well balanced between the two groups. The handling of the exoscope was comparable to that of the OM. The depth perception, image quality, and illumination of the exoscope were inferior to those of the OM in MIS‐TLIF with long and deep approaches. The educational and training function of the exoscope was superior to that of the OM. Importantly, surgeons rated the ergonomics of the exoscope as very high on the questionnaire and the REBA to the OM (P = 0.017).ConclusionsThis study showed that the exoscope was a safe and effective alternative to the OM for assisting the MIS‐TLIF procedure with the unique advantage of ergonomics to reduce musculoskeletal injuries.
An exploratory analysis of pediatric anesthesia activity on Twitter using the #pedsanes hashtag
Authors: Downing Lynsey , Mariano Edward R. , Kou Alex , Matava Clyde 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of social media within the medical field has rapidly evolved over the past two decades, with Twitter being one of the most common platforms of engagement. The use of hashtags such as #pedsanes has been reported as a community builder around the subject of pediatric anesthesia. Understanding the use of #pedsanes can inform dissemination of pediatric anesthesia content and discourse. We aimed to describe the distribution and patterns of tweets and contributors using #pedsanes across the globe.MethodsUsing Tweetbinder (https://www.tweetbinder.com) and the R package “academictwitteR,” we extracted tweets that included the hashtag “#pedsanes” from March 14, 2016 to March 10, 2022. Tweets were analyzed for frequency, type, unique users, impact and reach, language, content, and the most common themes.ResultsA total of 58 724 tweets were retrieved; 22 071 (38.8%) were original tweets including 3247 replies, while 35 971 (61.2%) were retweets all generated by over 5946 contributors located in at least 122 countries. The frequency distribution of tweets gradually increased over time with peaks in activity corresponding to major pediatric anesthesia societal meetings and during the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The most retweeted and most liked posts included images.DiscussionWe report the widespread and increasing use of social media and the “#pedsanes” hashtag within the pediatric anesthesia and medical community over time. It remains unknown the extent to which Twitter hashtag activity translates to changes in clinical practice. However, the #pedsanes hashtag appears to play a key role in disseminating pediatric anesthesia information globally.
“Allende has outlived Pinochet”: A conversation along the Chilean road
Authors: Valenzuela Juan Pablo , Fletcher Ian Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis conversation about Chile in the late 1960s and early 1970s and in the current period anticipates the fiftieth anniversary of the military overthrow of the Popular Unity government of President Salvador Allende Gossens in September 1973. For readers interested in learning more about this history for teaching or research purposes, further readings and resources appear at the end of the conversation.
Coping practices and the spatial dimension of authority design
Authors: Kaplaner Constantin , Steinebach Yves 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrontline implementers develop coping practices to deal with implementation burdens. Unfortunately, we have only limited knowledge of how widespread and systematic these practices are applied. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the enforcement activities carried out in the context of the European Union Industrial Emission Directive, relying on a quantitative data set that summarizes the information from more than 2000 inspection reports published by the German state Baden‐Württemberg. Our analysis reveals that inspectors tend to give priority to sites that (1) are closer and easier to reach and (2) that pose only a small risk to their environment. These findings indicate that implementers are primarily guided by concerns over the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of their work. These insights highlight that public authorities' spatial location is a crucial, yet still unexplored factor in the study of policy implementation.
Expanded utilisation of microalgae in global aquafeeds
Authors: Siddik Muhammad A. B. , Sørensen Mette , Islam S. M. Majharul , Saha Newton , Rahman Md Arifur , Francis David S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUtilising novel ingredients in aquafeeds is necessary for the continued expansion and intensification of aquaculture production. Microalgae are utilised widely in aquaculture for a variety of purposes; as live feed for fish and shellfish larvae and juveniles, for the production of algae‐based meals and oils to replace marine derived raw materials in aquafeeds, and for the production of astaxanthin, the carotenoid that gives salmon flesh its characteristic reddish colour. Notably, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, proteins, fibres, antioxidant pigments, vitamins and minerals are among the compounds in microalgae with great biological value. A growing collection of experimental data has demonstrated that these substances are crucial for increasing larval survival and enhancing the growth and well‐being of fish and shellfish. In this review, the processing of microalgae utilised as aquafeed ingredient, the health promoting compounds in microalgae and their role in growth, immunity and disease resistance of fish and shellfish are described and discussed. Simultaneously, major hurdles in the commercial use of microalgae in aquafeed, and future research and development perspectives are all critically discussed.
Covid‐19 pandemic and asthma: What did we learn?
Authors: Bloom Chloe I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis review addresses some of the major lessons we have learnt regarding asthma and the covid‐19 pandemic, including susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and severe covid‐19, potentially protective factors, comparison to other respiratory infections, changes in healthcare behaviour from the perspective of patients and clinicians, medications to treat or prevent covid‐19, and post‐covid syndrome.
Nonparametric adaptive estimation for interacting particle systems
Authors: Comte Fabienne , Genon‐Catalot Valentine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a stochastic system of interacting particles with constant diffusion coefficient and drift linear in space, time‐depending on two unknown deterministic functions. Our concern here is the nonparametric estimation of these functions from a continuous observation of the process on for fixed and large . We define two collections of projection estimators belonging to finite‐dimensional subspaces of . We study the ‐risks of these estimators, where the risk is defined either by the expectation of an empirical norm or by the expectation of a deterministic norm. Afterwards, we propose a data‐driven choice of the dimensions and study the risk of the adaptive estimators. The results are illustrated by numerical experiments on simulated data.
Spirituality and intentions to engage in Covid‐19 protective behaviours
Authors: Zarzeczna Natalia , Većkalov Bojana , Rutjens Bastiaan T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence points to spirituality as a belief system that contributes to low trust in science, with self‐identified spiritual individuals reporting high levels of unwarranted scepticism towards science in general and vaccination specifically. We investigated whether self‐identified spirituality also predicts intentions to engage with Covid‐19 protective measures during the pandemic. In Studies 1–3 (N = 774), we asked participants to report their spirituality and desire to be vaccinated against Covid‐19 shortly after the first vaccine rollout. In Studies 2–3, we included measures of scepticism towards and intentions to comply with Covid‐19 prevention measures (handwashing, wearing face coverings, distancing). As expected, stronger self‐reported spirituality involved lower desire to be vaccinated, controlling for various worldview and demographic variables. Yet, we found no evidence for spirituality to predict scepticism towards other Covid‐19 preventative behaviours or intentions to engage with them. Our findings corroborate and extend previous literature on science rejection, demonstrating that spirituality is uniquely involved in vaccine rejection.
fsr: An R package for fuzzy spatial data handling
Authors: Carniel Anderson Chaves , de Venâncio Pedro Vinícius Almeida Borges , Schneider Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpatial libraries are core components in many geographic information systems, spatial database systems, and spatial data science projects. These libraries provide the implementation of spatial type systems that include spatial data types and a large diversity of geometric operations. Their focus relies on handling crisp spatial objects, which are characterized by an exact location and a precisely defined extent, shape, and boundary in space. However, there is an increasing interest in analyzing spatial phenomena characterized by fuzzy spatial objects, which have inexact locations, vague boundaries, and/or blurred interiors. Unfortunately, available spatial libraries do not provide support for fuzzy spatial objects. In this article, we describe the R package named fsr, which is based on the Spatial Plateau Algebra and is publicly available at https://cran.r‐project.org/package=fsr. Our tool provides methods for building fuzzy spatial objects as spatial plateau objects and conducting exploratory spatial data analysis by using fuzzy spatial operations.
Multi‐year field trials provide a massive repository of trait data on a highly diverse population of tomato and uncover novel determinants of tomato productivity
Authors: Zemach Itay , Alseekh Saleh , Tadmor‐Levi Roni , Fisher Josef , Torgeman Shai , Trigerman Shay , Nauen Julia , Hayut Shdema Filler , Mann Varda , Rochsar Edan , Finkers Richard , Wendenburg Regina , Osorio Sonia , Bergmann Susan , Lunn John E. , Semel Yaniv , Hirschberg Joseph , Fernie Alisdair R. , Zamir Dani 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a prominent fruit with rich genetic resources for crop improvement. By using a phenotype‐guided screen of over 7900 tomato accessions from around the world, we identified new associations for complex traits such as fruit weight and total soluble solids (Brix). Here, we present the phenotypic data from several years of trials. To illustrate the power of this dataset we use two case studies. First, evaluation of color revealed allelic variation in phytoene synthase 1 that resulted in differently colored or even bicolored fruit. Secondly, in view of the negative relationship between fruit weight and Brix, we pre‐selected a subset of the collection that includes high and low Brix values in each category of fruit size. Genome‐wide association analysis allowed us to detect novel loci associated with total soluble solid content and fruit weight. In addition, we developed eight F2 biparental intraspecific populations. Furthermore, by taking a phenotype‐guided approach we were able to isolate individuals with high Brix values that were not compromised in terms of yield. In addition, the demonstration of novel results despite the high number of previous genome‐wide association studies of these traits in tomato suggests that adoption of a phenotype‐guided pre‐selection of germplasm may represent a useful strategy for finding target genes for breeding.
Exercise improves homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium by activation of apelin receptor–AMP‐activated protein kinase signalling
Authors: Chae Song Ah , Du Min , Son Jun Seok , Zhu Mei‐Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntestinal remodelling is dynamically regulated by energy metabolism. Exercise is beneficial for gut health, but the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intestine‐specific apelin receptor (APJ) knockdown (KD) and wild‐type male mice were randomly divided into two subgroups, with/without exercise, to obtain four groups: WT, WT with exercise, APJ KD and APJ KD with exercise. Animals in the exercise groups were subjected to daily treadmill exercise for 3 weeks. Duodenum was collected at 48 h after the last bout of exercise. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 KD and wild‐type mice were also utilized for investigating the mediatory role of AMPK on exercise‐induced duodenal epithelial development. AMPK and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1 α were upregulated by exercise via APJ activation in the intestinal duodenum. Correspondingly, exercise induced permissive histone modifications in the PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) promoter to activate its expression, which was dependent on APJ activation. In agreement, exercise elevated the expression of mitochondrial oxidative markers. The expression of intestinal epithelial markers was downregulated due to AMPK deficiency, and AMPK signalling facilitated epithelial renewal. These data demonstrate that exercise‐induced activation of the APJ–AMPK axis facilitates the homeostasis of the intestinal duodenal epithelium.imageKey pointsApelin receptor (APJ) signalling is required for improved epithelial homeostasis of the small intestine in response to exercise.Exercise intervention activates PRDM16 through inducing histone modifications, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in duodenum.The morphological development of duodenal villus and crypt is enhanced by the muscle‐derived exerkine apelin through the APJ‐AMP‐activated protein kinase axis.
Perinatal high‐fat diet exposure alters oxytocin and corticotropin releasing factor inputs onto vagal neurocircuits controlling gastric motility
Authors: Carson Kaitlin E. , Alvarez Jared , Mackley Jasmine Q. , Travagli R. Alberto , Browning Kirsteen N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerinatal high‐fat diet (pHFD) exposure alters the development of vagal neurocircuits that control gastrointestinal (GI) motility and reduce stress resiliency in offspring. Descending oxytocin (OXT; prototypical anti‐stress peptide) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; prototypical stress peptide) inputs from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulate the GI stress response. How these descending inputs, and their associated changes to GI motility and stress responses, are altered following pHFD exposure are, however, unknown. The present study used retrograde neuronal tracing experiments, cerebrospinal fluid extraction, in vivo recordings of gastric tone, motility and gastric emptying rates, and in vitro electrophysiological recordings from brainstem slice preparations to investigate the hypothesis that pHFD alters descending PVN–DMV inputs and dysregulates vagal brain–gut responses to stress. Compared to controls, rats exposed to pHFD had slower gastric emptying rates and did not respond to acute stress with the expected delay in gastric emptying. Neuronal tracing experiments demonstrated that pHFD reduced the number of PVNOXT neurons that project to the DMV, but increased PVNCRF neurons. Both in vitro electrophysiology recordings of DMV neurons and in vivo recordings of gastric motility and tone demonstrated that, following pHFD, PVNCRF–DMV projections were tonically active, and that pharmacological antagonism of brainstem CRF1 receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to brainstem OXT application. These results suggest that pHFD exposure disrupts descending PVN–DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain–gut response to stress.
imageKey points
Maternal high‐fat diet exposure is associated with gastric dysregulation and stress sensitivity in offspring.
The present study demonstrates that perinatal high‐fat diet exposure downregulates hypothalamic–vagal oxytocin (OXT) inputs but upregulates hypothalamic–vagal corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) inputs.
Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that, following perinatal high‐fat diet, CRF receptors were tonically active at NTS–DMV synapses, and that pharmacological antagonism of these receptors restored the appropriate gastric response to OXT.
The current study suggests that perinatal high‐fat diet exposure disrupts descending PVN–DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain–gut response to stress.
The experiences of new graduates learning to make intervention decisions in diverse paediatric workplace settings: A cross-case analysis
Authors: Moir Elizabeth , Copley Jodie , Turpin Merrill 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: New graduates commonly experience challenges making client-related decisions. Current occupational therapy literature has predominantly focused on new graduates’ general experiences of commencing practice and experienced clinicians’ perceptions of clinical decision making. This study aimed to explore new graduate occupational therapists’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions in paediatric practice.
Methods: A case study approach enabled exploration of the experiences and reflections of 18 new graduate and eight experienced occupational therapists working in three paediatric service delivery contexts—private practice, acute hospital and non-government settings. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, informal discussions, review of documents and reflective journal entries. Similarities and differences across the three cases were examined.
Results: Contextual influences, including time pressure, clinical risk and self-expectations, shaped new graduates’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions. These influences impacted new graduates’ access to common support mechanisms, such as informal discussions with colleagues, formal workplace supervision and shared workplace resources, and prompted them to draw on supports and resources external to the workplace.
Conclusions: Understanding the contextual influences that shape new graduate allied health practitioners’ experiences of learning to make intervention decisions assists professional bodies, workplaces and universities to better target the training and support provided to new graduates to ensure that their intervention decisions promote positive client outcomes. Furthermore, the research findings can increase new graduates’ understanding of both workplace and external support mechanisms that assist clinical decision making and the possible impact of high self-expectations on their decision-making experiences.