bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cognitive architecture theory of anticipatory thinking
Authors: Jones Steven J. , Laird John E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe theorize that anticipatory thinking (AT) uses the same computational infrastructure as general cognition as described in the Common Model of Cognition. We extend the Common Model with results from research on event cognition. Using these building blocks, we present a five‐step process model of AT as realized in cognitive architecture components. We then revisit simplifying assumptions underlying our model and expand our theory in response. Finally, we make predictions that are entailed by our account of AT, focusing on how computational limits in both natural and artificial cognitive systems can impact support for AT.
Biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes
Authors: Zhou Jinxia , Zeng Qianqian , Liao Qiao , Niu Qi , Gu Wenping , Su Dandan , Li Sizhuo , Xiao Bo , Bi Fangfang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving both upper and lower motor neurons. The motor phenotypes of ALS are highly clinically heterogeneous, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.MethodsA comparative proteomic analysis was performed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of bulbar‐onset (BO) and spinal‐onset (SO) ALS patients and controls (n = 14). Five biomarker candidates were selected from a differentially regulated protein pool, and further validation was performed in a larger independent cohort (n = 92) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsA total of 1732 CSF proteins were identified, and 78 differentially expressed proteins were found among BO‐ALS patients, SO‐ALS patients, and controls. Five promising biomarker candidates were selected for further validation, and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP) and HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain (HLA‐DRA) were validated. CSF LBP levels were increased in ALS patients compared with controls and higher in BO‐ALS versus SO‐ALS. The increased CSF LBP levels were correlated with the revised ALS Functional Scale (ALSFRS‐R) score. CSF HLA‐DRA levels were specifically elevated in BO‐ALS patients, and there was no significant difference between SO‐ALS patients and controls. Increased HLA‐DRA expression was correlated with decreased survival.InterpretationOur data shows that elevated CSF LBP is a good biomarker for ALS and correlates with clinical severity, and increased HLA‐DRA is a specific biomarker for BO‐ALS and may predict short survival. It also suggests that the microglial pathway and HLA‐II‐related adaptive immunity may be differentially involved in ALS phenotypes and may be new therapeutic targets for ALS.
Regional white matter hyperintensity volume in Parkinson's disease and associations with the motor signs
Authors: Wu Haoting , Hong Hui , Wu Chenqing , Qin Jianmei , Zhou Cheng , Tan Sijia , DuanMu Xiaojie , Guan Xiaojun , Bai Xueqin , Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Cao Zhengye , Gao Ting , Gu Luyan , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Baorong , Zhang Minming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes in specific regions are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to non‐PD controls, and to assess their impact on motor signs through cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses.MethodsA total of 50 PD participants and 47 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were enrolled. All PD participants were followed up for at least 2 years. To detect regions of greater WMH in the PD, the WMH volume of each region was compared with the corresponding region in the control group. Linear regression and linear mixed effects models were respectively used for cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses of the impact of increases in WMH volume on motor signs.ResultsThe PD group had greater WMH volume in the occipital region compared with the control group. Cross‐sectional analyses only detected a significant correlation between occipital WMH volume and motor function in PD. Occipital WMH volume positively correlated with the severity of tremor, and gait and posture impairments, in the PD group. During the follow‐up period, the participants' motor signs progressed and the WMH volumes remained stable, no longitudinal association was detected between them. The baseline occipital WMH volume cannot predict the progression of signs after adjustment for baseline disease duration and the presence of vascular risk factors.InterpretationPD participants in this study were characterized by greater WMH at the occipital region, and greater occipital WMH volume had cross‐sectional associations with worse motor signs, while its longitudinal impact on motor signs progression was limited.
Guanidine and Galactose Decorated Nanophotosensitizer with Oxygen Self‐Sufficient Capability for the Localized Ablation of Oral Biofilm
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Hu Yuqing , Chen Zeyuan , Yu Lihua , Huang Siyuan , Zhang Yufei , Li Jie , Xue Yun , Li Anran , Wang Yuxia , Wu Zhongming , Zhang Xinge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDental caries is a common disease caused by plaque biofilms, which are important pathogenic factors in many diseases. When hosts are overexposed to dietary sugars, pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other cariogenic bacteria, metabolically assemble an extracellular matrix rich in exopolysaccharides to form a disease‐causing biofilm, in which the microenvironment is characterized by regional hypoxia, low pH, and nutritional deprivation. Current antimicrobials with inadequate penetration and a lack of pathogens targeting the biofilm do not degrade the protective matrix within the biofilm. In this study, a guanidine and galactose decorated nanophotosensitizer with oxygen self‐sufficient capability, p(GF/GEF)‐I, is developed to enhance the permeability of biofilms by positively charging the particle surface and easily binding to the bacteria within the membrane through electrostatic interactions. 90% of the biofilm on enamel surface is eliminated after treatment with p(GF/GEF)‐I under laser irradiation. Notably, the nanophotosensitizer inhibits the recolonization of dental biofilms by S. mutans, preventing secondary infections. Furthermore, dental caries in a rodent model are reduced with exposure to nanophotosensitizer. p(GF/GEF)‐I is a significantly higher efficacy without damaging the surrounding soft tissue. With further development and optimization, p(GF/GEF)‐I shows significant potential as a phototherapeutic agent for the treatment of biofilm‐induced diseases.
The Electrode‐Ferroelectric Interface as the Primary Constraint on Endurance and Retention in HZO‐Based Ferroelectric Capacitors
Authors: Alcala Ruben , Materano Monica , Lomenzo Patrick D. , Vishnumurthy Pramoda , Hamouda Wassim , Dubourdieu Catherine , Kersch Alfred , Barrett Nicolas , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFerroelectric hafnium‐zirconium oxide is one of the most relevant CMOS‐compatible materials for next‐generation, non‐volatile memory devices. Nevertheless, performance reliability remains an issue. With TiN electrodes (the most reported electrode material), Hf‐Zr‐based ferroelectric capacitors struggle to provide reliable retention due to electrode‐ferroelectric interface interactions. Although Hf‐Zr‐based ferroelectric capacitors are fabricated with other electrodes, the focus is predominantly directed toward obtaining a large ferroelectric response. The impact of the electrodes on data retention for these ferroelectrics remains underreported and greater insight is needed to improve device reliability. Here, a comprehensive set of electrodes are evaluated with emphasis on the core ferroelectric memory reliability metrics of endurance, retention, and imprint. Metal‐ferroelectric‐metal capacitors comprised of a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer deposited between different combinations of nitride (TiN, TiAlN, and NbN), pure metal (W), and oxide (MoO2, RuO2, and IrO2) top and bottom electrodes are fabricated for the investigation. From the electrical, physical, and structural analysis, the low reactivity of the electrode with the ferroelectric is found to be key for improved reliability of the ferroelectric capacitor. This understanding of interface properties provides necessary insight for the broad implementation of Hf‐Zr‐based ferroelectrics in memory technology and, overall, boosts the development of next‐generation memories.
Membranes in Solar‐Driven Evaporation: Design Principles and Applications
Authors: Yang Hao‐Cheng , Lu Feng , Li Hao‐Nan , Zhang Chao , Darling Seth B. , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolar‐driven evaporation process brings exciting opportunities to recover clean water and resources in a sustainable way from diverse sources like seawater and wastewater. Separation membranes, as a vital material in many environmental and energy applications, can contribute significantly to this process owing to their structural features. However, the unique roles of membranes in solar evaporator construction and process design are seldom recognized and not summarized yet from scientific principles and application demands, which forms the motivation of this review. Herein, the roles of membranes in different processes based on solar‐driven evaporation are focused and the design principles of membrane materials and devices to meet the requirements of these applications are discussed. Fabrication strategies for photothermal membranes are introduced primarily, followed by a discussion on how to design membrane materials, devices, and processes to pursue optimal performance and realize advanced functions accompanied by evaporation. Furthermore, the future of this field is forecast with both challenges and opportunities.
In Vivo Implantable Strain Sensor for Real‐Time and Precise Pathophysiological Monitoring of Contractile Living Organs
Authors: Ryu Bokyeong , Kim C‐Yoon , Park Se-Pill , Lee Keel Yong , Lee Sunghun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis based on precise monitoring of the vital organs in real‐time can provide the opportunity for subsequent curative treatments and medical decisions. Here, it is reported that the instantaneous monitoring of physiological responses in contractile living organs such as the heart, lung, and urinary bladder using a vertical graphene strain sensor (VGS), which possesses remarkable sensitivity and stability. The electrical resistance of VGS (i.e., sensitivity) corresponding to the minute contractile motion of living organs is monitored, which displacement in organs is less than a few mm in scale. For pathological diagnosis, it is compared normal and damage rodent models, including models of myocardial infarction, pulmonary fibrosis, and spinal cord injury, highlighting the capability of the VGS sensor to discern symptoms and guide medical decisions based on the lesions. The results suggest that the VGS could be useful in implantable biocompatible applications and may be a promising component of in vivo diagnostic platforms.
2D Ferroionics: Conductive Switching Mechanisms and Transition Boundaries in Van der Waals Layered Material CuInP2S6
Authors: Zhou Jiachao , Chen Anzhe , Zhang Yishu , Pu Dong , Qiao Baoshi , Hu Jiayang , Li Hanxi , Zhong Shuai , Zhao Rong , Xue Fei , Xu Yang , Loh Kian Ping , Wang Hua , Yu Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe recently unfolded ferroionic phenomena in 2D van der Waals (vdW) copper–indium–thiophosphate (CuInP2S6 or CIPS) have received widespread interest as they allow for dynamic control of conductive switching properties, which are appealing in the paradigm‐shift computing. The intricate couplings between ferroelectric polarization and ionic conduction in 2D vdW CIPS facilitate the manipulation and dynamic control of conductive behaviors. However, the complex interplays and underlying mechanisms are not yet fully explored and understood. Here, by investigating polarization switching and ionic conduction in the temperature and applied electric field domains, it is discovered that the conducting mechanisms of CIPS can be divided into four distinctive states (or modes) with transitional boundaries, depending on the dynamics of Cu ions in the material. Further, it demonstrates that dynamically‐tunable synaptic responsive behavior can be well implemented by governing the working‐state transition. This research provides an in‐depth, quantitative understanding of the complex phenomena of conductive switching in 2D vdW CIPS with coexisting ferroelectric order and ionic disorder. The developed insights in this work lay the ground for implementing high‐performance, function‐enriched devices for information processing, data storage, and neuromorphic computing based on the 2D ferroionic material systems.
Tunable, Wide‐Temperature, and Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Nanoscale Van Der Waals Heterojunction‐to‐Homojunction Transformation
Authors: Yang Xing , Li Ruiyun , Wang Yongfu , Zhang Junyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAchieving macroscale superlubricity of van der Waals (vdW) nanopowders is particularly challenging, due to the difficulty in forming ordered junctions before friction and the friction‐induced complex contact restructuration among multiple nanometer‐sized junctions. Here, a facile way is reported to achieve vdW nanopowder‐to‐heterojunction conversion by graphene edge‐oxygen (GEO) incorporation. The GEO effectively weakens the out‐of‐plane edge–edge and in‐plane plane–edge states of the vdW nanopowder, leading to a coexistent structure of nanoscale homojunctions and heterojunctions on the grinding balls. When sliding on diamond‐like carbon surfaces, the ball‐supported structure governs macroscale superlubricity by heterojunction‐to‐homojunction transformation among the countless nanoscale junctions. Furthermore, the transformation guides the tunable design of superlubricity, achieving superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) at wide ranges of load, velocity, and temperature (−200 to 300 °C). Atomistic simulations reveal the GEO‐enhanced conversion of vdW nanopowder to heterojunctions and demonstrate the heterojunction‐to‐homojunction transformation superlubricity mechanism. The findings are of significance for the macroscopic scale‐up and engineering application of structural superlubricity.
Self‐Assembly of Platelet Lysates Proteins into Microparticles by Unnatural Disulfide Bonds for Bottom‐Up Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gomes Maria C. , Pinho Ana Rita , Custódio Catarina , Mano João F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is a demand to design microparticles holding surface topography while presenting inherent bioactive cues for applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. Using the pool of proteins present in human‐derived platelet lysates (PLs), the production of protein‐based microparticles via a simple and cost‐effective method is reported, exploring the prone redox behavior of cysteine (Cy‐SH) amino acid residues. The forced formation of new intermolecular disulfide bonds results in the precipitation of the proteins as spherical, pompom‐like microparticles with adjustable sizes (15–50 µm in diameter) and surface topography consisting of grooves and ridges. These PL microparticles exhibit extraordinary cytocompatibility, allowing cell‐guided microaggregates to form, while also working as injectable systems for cell support. Early studies also suggest that the surface topography provided by these PL microparticles can support osteogenic behavior. Consequently, these PL microparticles may find use to create live tissues via bottom‐up procedures or injectable tissue‐defect fillers, particularly for bone regeneration, with the prospect of working under xeno‐free conditions.
Computer‐Aided Engineering of Stretchable Hollow Fibers to Enable Wearable Microfluidics
Authors: Hossain Kazi Zihan , Khan M. Rashed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMelt‐extruded hollow thermoplastic fibers are a new class of materials for advanced applications, i.e., robotic clothes, stretchable touch and twist sensors, and programmable knitted textiles. Under large mechanical deformation (strain), such materials exhibit hyperelasticity. However, fundamental knowledge of strain‐energy density harnessing integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) has remained untapped for hollow fibers. Due to this key knowledge gap, most emerging applications demand iterative and costly approaches to producing and studying hollow fibers. Herein, a data‐driven pathway harnessing the ICME is introduced to study, predict, and optimize the hyperelastic behavior of hollow fibers. MCalibration software is used to calibrate the material properties of the fibers utilizing the Three‐Network Model (TNM) and emulated experimental stress–strain behavior in a finite‐element‐based multiphysics environment (COMSOL) with 99.99% confidence. The feasibility of predicting strain‐energy density is shown to modulate shape and geometries for new understandings without running cost‐incurring melt extrusions or experiments. Furthermore, the strain‐energy density is leveraged as a tool to attach fibers on fabrics that otherwise need iterations. As a proof‐of‐concept, fibers to fabrics are attached for wearable microfluidic demonstrations. This ICME approach can be extended to design the next generation of pre‐programmed, undiscovered functional devices fabricated from hyperelastic hollow fibers.
Layer‐Dependent Optical Modulation and Field‐Effect‐Transistor in Two‐Dimensional 4H‐SnS2 Layers
Authors: Peheliwa Vincent M. , Lu Kuan‐Cheng , Hasibuan Denny Pratama , Saragih Clara Sinta , Maria Carlo C. Sta. , Chen Yen‐Rui , Patil Ranjit A. , Lai Chien‐Chih , Jian Wen‐Bin , Wu Maw‐Kuen , Ma Yuan‐Ron 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo–dimensional (2D) 4H‐polytype tin disulfide (SnS2) flakes are synthesized using the chemical vapor transport technique. The weak Van der Waals force between the 2D SnS2 layers offers an easy exfoliation of flakes down to a bilayer of thickness ≈2.02 (±0.1) nm using a mechanical exfoliation technique. The optical and field effect transistor (FET) characteristics of the exfoliated 2D 4H‐SnS2 layers are studied. The exfoliated layers are used to fabricate the ≈13‐layered SnS2 FET. The 4H‐SnS2 exhibits a high on/off ratio of ≈106 and mobility ≈1–4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The low mobility of the 4H‐SnS2 FET devices shows an insulating state concordant with the 2D Motts variable range hopping mechanism at varying temperatures. Moreover, it is found that the optical bandgap of the 2D SnS2 single‐crystal layers is largely widened for the bilayers and tri‐layers. The optical bandgap energies vary in the range of 2.56–1.99 eV. The significant alteration in bandgap energies of ≈0.57 eV offers downscaling of the 2D nanoscale semiconducting devices. Such layer‐sensitive changes in optical transmittance, absorbance, and bandgap energies are reflected in Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity, showing the distinct color of transmittance through various 2D 4H‐SnS2 layers.
Ligand‐Tuned Perylene Diimide‐Based Versatile Coordination Polymers for Photoluminescent Sensing and Optoelectronics
Authors: Shang Xiaobo , Song Inho , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Jin Chul , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Choi Wanuk , Ahn Jaeyong , Gao Ke , Zhang Mingming , Kawano Masaki , Kwak Sang Kyu , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChiral self‐sorting is essential for the establishment of structures in nature and chemistry. Owing to similarities among recognition sites of enantiomers and shared conformational labilities, high‐fidelity chiral self‐sorting constitutes a substantial challenge. Coordination polymers (CPs) with a high surface area and chemical tunability have potential applications in luminescent probes and optoelectronics. However, it is difficult to synthesize micro‐/nano‐scale CPs with high conductivity for optoelectronics. Here, a series of perylene diimide (PDI)‐based CPs with large π‐planes is synthesized by tuning ligands for use in various sensors. A cadmium (Cd)‐based coordination polymer with leucine (LeuPDI‐Cd) exhibits a unique chiral self‐recognition phenomenon when two enantiomeric ligands are mixed with the metal source because homochiral CPs are thermodynamically more stable than their heterochiral analogs. In addition, photoluminescent (PL) LeuPDI‐Cd CPs can detect ethylenediamine with high sensitivity and selectivity. Micro‐/nano‐sized CPs with methionine (MetPDI‐Cd) are used in photodetectors and chemiresistive sensors for the detection of toxic phenylhydrazine. Theoretical calculations reveal that the enhanced conductivity is related to the reduced energy gap, which occurs after adsorption of phenylhydrazine onto the CP surface. These results demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of PDI‐based CPs for applications in PL sensing and optoelectronics through the tuning of PDI ligands.
Dual Mechanism WS2‐WSe2 Lateral Monolayer Heterojunction Photodetector and Its Photoresponse Enhancement by Hybridizing with CsPbBr3 QDs
Authors: Qiao Shuang , Liu Jihong , Wang Ruining , Guo Linjuan , Wang Shufang , Pan Anlian , Pan Caofeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMonolayer 2D lateral heterostructures with high interface qualities and well‐defined structures are particularly promising in novel electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, the photoelectric responses are still very low, and the working and modulating mechanisms urgently need exploration. Here, a lateral monolayer heterojunction of WS2‐WSe2 is successfully prepared with an atomically sharp interface and a band alignment of type‐II structure. Intriguingly, this heterojunction photodetector (PD) achieves outstanding characteristics of photocurrent generation in both photovoltaic and photoconductive modes with responsivities (Rs) of 60.2/3.0 A W−1, detectivities (D*s) of 1.81/0.98 × 1012 Jones, and response times of 32.2/28.5 and 39.5/32.1 ms, respectively. Moreover, all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 quantum dots are introduced to substantially promote the photoelectric responses. Because of the favorable band alignment and large absorption of the CsPbBr3, and efficient carrier transfer, the Rs and D*s are substantially improved to 1307/141.3 A W−1 and 1.16/2.94 × 1013 Jones, respectively, with fantastic external quantum efficiencies of 3.59/0.388 × 105% and also shortened response times of 12.5/13.2 and 17.4/15.8 ms. In addition, the ambient stability is remarkably enhanced. This study demonstrates that the combination of 2D lateral heterojunction with all‐inorganic perovskite may bring up promising opportunities for developing high‐performance PDs.