bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous and anisotropic cosmologies with affine EoS: a dynamical system perspective
Authors: Singh Ashutosh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study a class of homogeneous and anisotropic geometries with affine equation of state (EoS) for different physically plausible scenarios of the universe evolution using dynamical system technique. We analyze the locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi I (LRS BI), Bianchi III (LRS BIII) and Bianchi V (LRS BV) geometry for the exhibition of the effects of affine EoS in the model. The model exhibits stable attractor which is also isotropic and thus, it may explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe. The model also possess stiff matter-, radiation- and matter-dominated phases prior to the dark energy assisted accelerating phase which are confirmed by the behaviours of effective equation of state and deceleration parameters. We use the statefinder diagnostic which is a geometrical diagnostic to explore model independent features of the cosmological dynamical system. The LRS BI, BIII and BV geometry based dynamical systems exhibit $$r=1,s=0$$

r
=
1
,
s
=
0

$$(\Lambda $$

(
Λ

cold dark matter model) at late-times, which is compatible with the observations. The dynamical system for the Kantowski–Sachs model yields synchronous bounce on the basis of the model parameters. It also yields a late-time attractor which may explain the accelerated expansion of the universe in the model. The qualitative differences between LRS BIII and BV cosmological dynamical systems have also been discussed.
Quasinormal modes of the spherical bumblebee black holes with a global monopole
Authors: Lin Rui-Hui , Jiang Rui , Zhai Xiang-Hua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe bumblebee model is an extension of the Einstein–Maxwell theory that allows for the spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz symmetry of the spacetime. In this paper, we study the quasinormal modes of the spherical black holes in this model that are characterized by a global monopole. We analyze the two cases with a vanishing cosmological constant or a negative one (the anti-de Sitter case). We find that the black holes are stable under the perturbation of a massless scalar field. However, both the Lorentz symmetry breaking and the global monopole have notable impacts on the evolution of the perturbation. The Lorentz symmetry breaking may prolong or shorten the decay of the perturbation according to the sign of the breaking parameter. The global monopole, on the other hand, has different effects depending on whether a nonzero cosmological constant presences: it reduces the damping of the perturbations for the case with a vanishing cosmological constant, but has little influence for the anti-de Sitter case.
Numerical Estimation of Elastic Constants of Hydroxyapatite at Finite Temperatures: A Comparisons of Different Force Fields
Authors: Roy Aritri , Patra Puneet Kumar , Bhattacharya Baidurya 
Published: August 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral that resembles human hard tissue in structure and composition. Its unique structure makes it suitable for a variety of applications such as biomedical implants, pollution control, nuclear waste management. The hexagonal structure of HAP endows it with five independent elastic constants, and a comprehensive understanding of their role and properties is essential for large scale adoption of HAP in various applications. However, the limited experimental and computational estimates currently available exhibit a wide scatter and occasional inconsistencies, and little effort has been made to quantify the influence of operating temperature on HAP elastic response. In this paper, we calculate the five elastic constants of hexagonal HAP first from Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based stress–strain relations derived using ultrasoft pseudopotential with Perdew–Burke–Ernzerho (PBE) exchange-correlation functional under generalized gradient approximation (GGA) on the 44 atom single unit cell, and then with molecular dynamics (MD)-based stress–strain relations derived from [Formula: see text] unit cells using three distinct families of force fields. These force fields are differentiated by how they model the non-bonded interactions: Lennard–Jones, Born–Mayer–Huggins and Buckingham types. We conduct the MD studies in the temperature range of 10–500 K. We find DFT to slightly overestimate the unit cell volume (a known consequence of using GGA) compared to X-ray powder diffraction-based experimental values reported in the literature. The predicted elastic constants satisfy Born’s criterion for mechanical stability. All potential models agree with DFT that HAP exhibits higher stiffness along [Formula: see text]-axis. Lattice parameters are found to increase with temperature, while the elastic constants decrease. Their rate of change, however, differs based on the force field. Among the three, the force field based on Buckingham potential appears to perform the best and agrees qualitatively with DFT and experimental results.
Study of Pulse Oximetry Trends in Normal Newborn
Authors: Reddy S. Chandramohan , Dwivedi Rashmi , sharma Rajeev , Bansod Nilesh 
Published: August 2023

Objectives To study oxygen saturation trends in newborns at birth and up to 15 min of life. Material and methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 300 healthy term and preterm newborns (those who did not require supplemental oxygen) delivered by SVD and LSCS at a tertiary care Centre. The convenience sampling technique was used based on the fact about 3–4 deliveries take place daily, and only a proportion of these met the study inclusion criteria. Results At 5 min of life, 0.7% of male newborns and 0.63% of female newborns had SpO2 levels above 90%. All male and female newborns reached SpO2 > 90% at 15 min of life, compared to 78.87% of male newborns and 71.52% of female newborns at 10 min of life. Male and female newborns revealed no statistically significant difference in saturations and in time to reach SpO2 > 90% at 5, 10, and 15 min of life. Newborns born via LSCS had lower SpO2 than newborns delivered by SVD in 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion The relationship between SpO2 and gender was not statistically different. Compared to newborns delivered by SVD, SpO2 was significantly lower in newborns born via LSCS and required less time to reach >90% saturation.
Artificial Neural Network Analysis of Determinants of Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Du Yue , Zhang Yundi , Yang Zhiyan , Li Yue , Wang Xinyu , Li Ziqiang , Ren Lei , Li Yan 
Published: August 2023

Background The efficacy and toxicity of tacrolimus are closely related to its trough blood concentrations. Identifying the influencing factors of pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in the early postoperative period is conducive to the optimization of the individualized tacrolimus administration protocol and to help liver transplant (LT) recipients achieve the target blood concentrations. Objective This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting the blood concentration of tacrolimus soon after liver transplantation and for identifying determinants of the concentration based on Shapley additive explanation (SHAP). Methods In this retrospective study, we enrolled 31 recipients who were first treated with liver transplantation from the Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital) from November 2020 to May 2021. The basic information, biochemical indexes, use of concomitant drugs, and genetic factors of organ donors and recipients were used for the ANN model inputs, and the output was the steady-state trough concentration (C0) of tacrolimus after oral administration in LT recipients. The ANN model was established to predict C0 of tacrolimus, SHAP was applied to the trained model, and the SHAP value of each input was calculated to analyze quantitatively the influencing factors for the output C0. Results A back-propagation ANN model with 3 hidden layers was established using deep learning. The mean prediction error was 0.27 ± 0.75 ng/mL; mean absolute error, 0.60 ± 0.52 ng/mL; correlation coefficient between predicted and actual C0 values, 0.9677; and absolute prediction error of all blood concentrations obtained by the ANN model, ≤3.0 ng/mL. The results indicated that the following factors had the most significant effect on C0: age, daily drug dose, genotype at CYP3A5 polymorphism rs776746 in both recipient and donor, and concomitant use of caspofungin. The predicted C0 value of tacrolimus in LT recipients increased in a dose-dependent manner when the daily dose exceeded 3 mg, whereas it decreased with age when LT recipients were older than 48 years. The predicted C0 was higher when recipients and donors had the genotype CYP3A5*3*3 than when they had the genotype CYP3A5*1. The predicted C0 value also increased with the use of caspofungin or Wuzhi capsule. Conclusion and relevance The established ANN model can be used to predict the C0 value of tacrolimus in LT recipients with high accuracy and good predictive ability, serving as a reference for personalized treatment in the early stage after liver transplantation.
Comparison Between Manual and Automated Assessment of Ki-67 in Breast Carcinoma: Test of a Simple Method in Daily Practice
Authors: Catteau Xavier , Zindy Egor , Bouri Sarah , Noël Jean-Christophe , Salmon Isabelle , Decaestecker Christine 
Published: August 2023

Background In the era of “precision medicine,” the availability of high-quality tumor biomarker tests is critical and tumor proliferation evaluated by Ki-67 antibody is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. But the evaluation of Ki-67 index has been shown to suffer from some interobserver variability. The goal of the study is to develop an easy, automated, and reliable Ki-67 assessment approach for invasive breast carcinoma in routine practice. Patients and Methods A total of 151 biopsies of invasive breast carcinoma were analyzed. The Ki-67 index was evaluated by 2 pathologists with MIB-1 antibody as a global tumor index and also in a hotspot. These 2 areas were also analyzed by digital image analysis (DIA). Results For Ki-67 index assessment, in the global and hotspot tumor area, the concordances were very good between DIA and pathologists when DIA focused on the annotations made by pathologist (0.73 and 0.83, respectively). However, this was definitely not the case when DIA was not constrained within the pathologist's annotations and automatically established its global or hotspot area in the whole tissue sample (concordance correlation coefficients between 0.28 and 0.58). Conclusions The DIA technique demonstrated a meaningful concordance with the indices evaluated by pathologists when the tumor area is previously identified by a pathologist. In contrast, basing Ki-67 assessment on automatic tissue detection was not satisfactory and provided bad concordance results. A representative tumoral zone must therefore be manually selected prior to the measurement made by the DIA.
Screening for intracranial aneurysms in persons ⩾35 years with hypertension and atherosclerotic disease who smoke(d)
Authors: Mensing Liselore A , van Tuijl Rick J , de Kort Gerard A , van der Schaaf Irene C , Visseren Frank L , Rinkel Gabriel JE , Velthuis Birgitta K , Ruigrok Ynte M , Cramer M.J. , van der Meer M.G. , Nathoe H.M. , Teraa M. , de Borst G.J. , van Smeden M. , Bots M.L. , Emmelot-Vonk M.H. , de Jong P.A. , Lely A.T. , van der Kaaij N.P. , Kappelle L.J. , Ruigrok Y.M. , Verhaar M.C. , Dorresteijn J.A.N. , Visseren (chair) F.L.J. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Lifetime risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is high (7%) in persons ⩾35 years with hypertension who smoke(d). Whether screening for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) to prevent aSAH is effective in these patients is unknown. Patients and methods: Participants were retrieved from a cohort of patients with clinically manifest atherosclerotic vascular disease included between 2012 and 2019 at the University Medical Centre Utrecht (SMART-ORACLE, NCT01932671) in whom CT-angiography (CTA) of intracranial arteries was performed. We selected patients ⩾35 years with hypertension who smoke(d). CTAs were reviewed for the presence of IAs by experienced neuroradiologists. Patients with IAs were offered follow-up imaging to detect aneurysmal growth. We determined aneurysm prevalence and developed a diagnostic model for IA risk at screening using multivariable logistic regression. Results: IA were found in 25 of 500 patients (5.0% prevalence, 95%CI: 3.3%–7.3%). Median 5 year risk of rupture assessed with the PHASES score was 0.9% (IQR: 0.7%–1.3%). During a median follow-up of 57 months (IQR: 39–83 months) no patients suffered from aSAH. Aneurysmal growth was detected in one patient for whom preventive treatment was advised. IA risk at screening ranged between 1.6% and 13.4% with predictors being age, female sex and current smoking. Discussion and conclusion: IA prevalence in persons ⩾35 years with hypertension and atherosclerotic vascular disease who smoke(d) was 5%. Given the very small proportion of IA that needed preventive treatment, we currently do not advise screening for Caucasian persons older than 35 years of age who smoke and have hypertension in general. Whether screening may be effective for certain subgroups (e.g. women older than 50 years of age) or other ethnic populations should be the subject of future studies.
Addressing COVID-19 inequities using bidirectional crisis and emergency risk communication and vaccine clinic interventions: a descriptive study
Authors: Lohr Abby M. , Neumbo Kelao Charmaine , Njeru Jane W. , Molina Luz , Hasley Rachel , Ahmed Yahye , Quirindongo-Cedeno Onelis , Torres-Herbeck Gloria A. , Goodson Miriam L. , Osman Ahmed , Weis Jenny A. , Wieland Mark L. , Sia Irene G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Im/migrants (immigrants and migrants, including refugees, asylum seekers, and individuals without legal documentation) experience unique assets and needs in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is one way to engage im/migrant communities. Rochester Healthy Community Partnership (RHCP) is a CBPR partnership in Rochester, Minnesota. RHCP partners noted that credible COVID-19 information was not available to their communities. In response, RHCP formed a COVID-19 Task Force and adapted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework to create an intervention that prioritized im/migrant groups experiencing health disparities. In the CERC intervention, communication leaders delivered COVID-19 health messages to their social networks and documented related concerns. RHCP relayed these concerns to regional leaders to ensure that im/migrant experiences were included in decision making. Once vaccines were available, RHCP continued to deploy the CERC intervention to promote vaccination equity. The aims of this paper are to (1) describe the implementation of a bidirectional CERC intervention for vaccination equity, and (2) describe a community-engaged and community-based vaccine clinic intervention.

Methods
First, we surveyed participants (n = 37) to assess COVID-19 experiences, acceptability of the CERC intervention, and motivation to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. Second, we collaborated with community partners to hold vaccine clinics. We report descriptive statistics from each intervention.

Results
When asked about the acceptability of the CERC intervention for vaccine equity, most participants either reported that they ‘really liked it’ or ‘thought it was just ok’. Most participants stated that they would recommend the program to family or friends who have not yet received the COVID-19 vaccine. Almost all participants reported that they felt ‘much more’ or ‘somewhat more’ motivated to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after the intervention. We administered 1158 vaccines at the vaccination clinics.

Conclusions
We found that participants viewed the CERC intervention for vaccination equity as an acceptable way to disseminate COVID-19-related information. Nearly all participants reported that the intervention convinced them to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. In our experience, community-engaged and community-based clinics are a successful way to administer vaccines to im/migrant communities during a pandemic.
A heterozygous splicing variant IVS9-7A > T in intron 9 of the MAPT gene in a patient with right-temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with atypical 4 repeat tauopathy
Authors: Mori Kohji , Shigenobu Kazue , Beck Goichi , Uozumi Ryota , Satake Yuto , Suzuki Maki , Kondo Shizuko , Gotoh Shiho , Yonenobu Yuki , Kawai Makiko , Suzuki Yuki , Saito Yuko , Morii Eiichi , Hasegawa Masato , Mochizuki Hideki , Murayama Shigeo , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRight temporal variant frontotemporal dementia, also called right-predominant semantic dementia, often has an unclear position within the framework of the updated diagnostic criteria for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or primary progressive aphasia. Recent studies have suggested that this population may be clinically, neuropathologically, and genetically distinct from those with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia or left-predominant typical semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Here we describe a Japanese case of right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia with novel heterozygous MAPT mutation Adenine to Thymidine in intervening sequence (IVS) 9 at position -7 from 3ʹ splicing site of intron 9/exon 10 boundary (MAPT IVS9-7A > T). Postmortem neuropathological analysis revealed a predominant accumulation of 4 repeat tau, especially in the temporal lobe, amygdala, and substantia nigra, but lacked astrocytic plaques or tufted astrocytes. Immunoelectron microscopy of the tau filaments extracted from the brain revealed a ribbon-like structure. Moreover, a cellular MAPT splicing assay confirmed that this novel variant promoted the inclusion of exon 10, resulting in the predominant production of 4 repeat tau. These data strongly suggest that the MAPT IVS9-7 A > T variant found in our case is a novel mutation that stimulates the inclusion of exon 10 through alternative splicing of MAPT transcript and causes predominant 4 repeat tauopathy which clinically presents as right temporal variant frontotemporal dementia.
Fetal MRI: what’s new? A short review
Authors: Manganaro Lucia , Capuani Silvia , Gennarini Marco , Miceli Valentina , Ninkova Roberta , Balba Ilaria , Galea Nicola , Cupertino Angelica , Maiuro Alessandra , Ercolani Giada , Catalano Carlo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFetal magnetic resonance imaging (fetal MRI) is usually performed as a second-level examination following routine ultrasound examination, generally exploiting morphological and diffusion MRI sequences. The objective of this review is to describe the novelties and new applications of fetal MRI, focusing on three main aspects: the new sequences with their applications, the transition from 1.5-T to 3-T magnetic field, and the new applications of artificial intelligence software. This review was carried out by consulting the MEDLINE references (PubMed) and including only peer-reviewed articles written in English. Among the most important novelties in fetal MRI, we find the intravoxel incoherent motion model which allow to discriminate the diffusion from the perfusion component in fetal and placenta tissues. The transition from 1.5-T to 3-T magnetic field allowed for higher quality images, thanks to the higher signal-to-noise ratio with a trade-off of more frequent artifacts. The application of motion-correction software makes it possible to overcome movement artifacts by obtaining higher quality images and to generate three-dimensional images useful in preoperative planning.Relevance statementThis review shows the latest developments offered by fetal MRI focusing on new sequences, transition from 1.5-T to 3-T magnetic field and the emerging role of AI software that are paving the way for new diagnostic strategies.Key points• Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a second-line imaging after ultrasound.• Diffusion-weighted imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion sequences provide quantitative
biomarkers on fetal microstructure and perfusion.• 3-T MRI improves the detection of cerebral malformations.• 3-T MRI is useful for both body and nervous system indications.• Automatic MRI motion tracking overcomes fetal movement artifacts and improve fetal imaging.
Graphical Abstract
Sudden cardiac death and thymic hyperplasia in adults: myth or reality? A case report
Authors: Benevento Marcello , Nicolì Simona , Ferorelli Davide , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Marzullo Andrea , Solarino Biagio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Sudden cardiac death is a major public health concern. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in young adults remains unclear and is generally underestimated.

Case presentation
This is a case report of a 24-year-old man with a silent pathological history, who suddenly collapsed in a restaurant during dinner with his workmates. Autopsy and ancillary examination revealed focal atrioventricular node fibrosis and thymic hyperplasia.

Conclusions
Thymic hyperplasia has been considered a cause of sudden death in the past century. The mode of death was explained through nosographic entities such as status lymphaticus or thymic asthma, which are currently consigned to history books. Nevertheless, recent studies have sought to determine the relationship between thymic hyperplasia and sudden unexpected deaths in adults. Moreover, isolated fibrosis of the atrioventricular node is a rare condition that can remain undiagnosed even after a full autopsy. This report aims to provide a concise review of the existing literature concerning sudden cardiac death and discuss the so-called “thymic death” theory, which is now considered a myth. Was the finding of thymic hyperplasia and atrioventricular node fibrosis a coincidence? Should the myth surrounding “thymic death” be re-examined?