bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostik und Therapie IgA Nephropathie – 2023
Authors: Schimpf Judith , Kronbichler Andreas , Windpessl Martin , Zitt Emanuel , Eller Kathrin , Säemann Marcus D. , Lhotta Karl , Rudnicki Michael 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Immunglobulin A Nephropathie (IgAN) ist die häufigste Glomerulonephritis weltweit und führt bei ungefähr einem Drittel der PatientInnen innerhalb von 10 bis 20 Jahren zur terminalen Nierenerkrankung. Die Pathogenese der IgAN ist nicht eindeutig geklärt. Vermutlich kommt es durch eine Dysregulation des mukosalen Immunsystems zu einer Untergalaktosylierung der IgA-Moleküle, Bildung von IgG Auto-Antikörpern und zur Zirkulation von IgG-IgA-Immunkomplexen, welche sich im Mesangium ablagern und schließlich zur Glomerulonephritis führen. Eine IgAN kann gelegentlich durch eine andere Erkrankung ausgelöst werden, deswegen sollten diese sekundären Ursachen einer IgAN identifiziert bzw. ausgeschlossen werden (chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, Infektionen, Tumore, rheumatische Erkrankungen). Charakteristische Befunde einer IgAN im variablen Ausmaß sind ein nephritisches Harnsediment (dysmorphe Erythrozyten, Akanthozyten, Erythrozytenzylinder), Proteinurie, eine Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion, eine arterielle Hypertonie, oder auch eine intermittierende schmerzlose Makrohämaturie, vor allem bei Infekten des oberen Respirationstraktes. Die Diagnose einer IgAN kann jedoch ausschließlich durch eine Nierenbiopsie gestellt werden. Dabei sollte eine histologische Klassifizierung (MEST‑C score) durchgeführt werden, um die Prognose abschätzen zu können. Die wichtigste therapeutische Maßnahme besteht in einer Optimierung der supportiven Therapie, das beinhaltet u. a. eine konsequente Kontrolle des Blutdrucks, eine Hemmung des RAS, und die Gabe eines SGLT2-Hemmers. Eine systemische immunsuppressive Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden wird kontroversiell diskutiert, sollte restriktiv gehandhabt und nur nach individueller Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung unter bestimmten Bedingungen, die für eine progressive IgAN sprechen, verabreicht werden. Neue vielversprechende Therapeutika sind enterales Budesonid oder der duale Angiotensin-II-Rezeptor- und Endothelin-Rezeptor-Antagonist Sparsentan. Eine rapid-progressive IgAN sollte mit Kortikosteroiden und Cyclophosphamid ähnlich einer ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis behandelt werden.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Lupusnephritis – 2023
Authors: Odler Balazs , Pollheimer Marion J. , Kronbichler Andreas , Säemann Marcus D. , Windpessl Martin , Gauckler Philipp , Rudnicki Michael , Zitt Emanuel , Neumann Irmgard , Lhotta Karl , Eller Kathrin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Manuskript fasst die Empfehlungen der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Nephrologie zur Diagnose und Therapie der Lupusnephritis zusammen und erläutert die Hintergründe der entsprechenden Empfehlungen anhand der vorhandenen Literatur. Wir besprechen im Detail die immunsuppressive Therapie in proliferativen Stadien der Lupusnephritis (Stadium III und IV mit/ohne Stadium V) und in der Lupusnephritis im reinen Stadium V mit großer Proteinurie. Zudem wird auch die konservative, supportive Therapie der Lupusnephritis detailliert besprochen. In den Abbildungen haben wir versucht, einen Leitfaden für die Praxis zur Therapie der Lupusnephritis zu erstellen.
Cost-effectiveness of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) for the prevention of febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with cancer
Authors: Aapro Matti S. , Chaplin Stephen , Cornes Paul , Howe Sebastian , Link Hartmut , Koptelova Natalia , Mehl Andrea , Di Palma Mario , Schroader Bridgette Kanz , Terkola Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of all approved granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), including filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, as primary febrile neutropenia (FN) prophylaxis in patients receiving high- or intermediate-risk regimens (in those with additional patient risk factors). Previous studies have examined G-CSF cost-effectiveness by cancer type in patients with a high baseline risk of FN.
This study evaluated patients with breast cancer (BC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) receiving therapy who were at intermediate risk for FN and compared primary prophylaxis (PP) and secondary prophylaxis (SP) using biosimilar filgrastim or biosimilar pegfilgrastim in Austria, France, and Germany.

Methods
A Markov cycle tree-based model was constructed to evaluate PP versus SP in patients with BC, NSCLC, or NHL receiving therapy over a lifetime horizon. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated over a range of willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds for incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses evaluated uncertainty.

Results
Results demonstrated that using biosimilar filgrastim as PP compared to SP resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) well below the most commonly accepted WTP threshold of €30,000. Across all three countries, PP in NSCLC had the lowest cost per QALY, and in France, PP was both cheaper and more effective than SP. Similar results were found using biosimilar pegfilgrastim, with ICERs generally higher than those for filgrastim.

Conclusions
Biosimilar filgrastim and pegfilgrastim as primary prophylaxis are cost-effective approaches to avoid FN events in patients with BC, NSCLC, or NHL at intermediate risk for FN in Austria, France, and Germany.
Effects of Synthetic Jets on Swirl Inflow in a Variable-Geometry Twin Air-Intake
Authors: Yadav Krishna Kumar Rajnath , Paul Akshoy Ranjan , Jain Anuj , Alam Firoz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAir intakes are an integral part of contemporary passenger and military aircraft engines. Their impact on aerodynamic performance across the entire flight envelope is critical to aircraft flight safety, efficiency, and manoeuvrability, especially at high Mach numbers due to shock waves. The high demand for reductions in aircraft weight and size and enhancements in durability, comfort, and thermal and radar signatures compel researchers and engineers to explore new designs and develop efficient air intakes for high-performance aircraft engines. Although a number of studies on air intake have been conducted and reported in the open literature, there is little information available in the public domain on bifurcated twin air intakes using synthetic jet. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to use computational fluid dynamics modelling to investigate the effects of synthetic jets on swirl inflow variable geometry twin air intake aerodynamic performance over a range of Reynolds numbers. Some important parameters (distortion coefficient, non-uniformity index, swirl coefficient, and static and total pressure coefficients) were investigated. Both static and total pressure recovery have been increased at all swirl numbers. A significant decrease in distortion coefficient and swirl coefficient has also been achieved, reaching a 53% reduction in the distortion coefficient and a 62% reduction in the swirl coefficient. The reduction in the non-uniformity index is achieved by 62% for the controlled flow case. The findings show that synthetic jets are effective in controlling the flow separation in the twin air intakes and enhancing aerodynamic performance.
Assessment and management of heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Sturdà Francesca , Russo Roberto , Basile Paolo , Baggiano Andrea , Mushtaq Saima , Fusini Laura , Fazzari Fabio , Bertandino Fulvio , Monitillo Francesco , Carella Maria Cristina , Simonini Marco , Pontone Gianluca , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Grandaliano Giuseppe , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Pesce Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two pathological conditions with a high prevalence in the general population. When they coexist in the same patient, a strict interplay between them is observed, such that patients affected require a clinical multidisciplinary and personalized management. The diagnosis of HF and CKD relies on signs and symptoms of the patient but several additional tools, such as blood-based biomarkers and imaging techniques, are needed to clarify and discriminate the main characteristics of these diseases. Improved survival due to new recommended drugs in HF has increasingly challenged physicians to manage patients with multiple diseases, especially in case of CKD. However, the safe administration of these drugs in patients with HF and CKD is often challenging. Knowing up to which values ​​of creatinine or renal clearance each drug can be administered is fundamental. With this review we sought to give an insight on this sizable and complex topic, in order to get clearer ideas and a more precise reference about the diagnostic assessment and therapeutic management of HF and CKD.
Constraint reranking in diachronic OT: binary-feet and word-minimum phenomena in Austronesian
Authors: Smith Alexander D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLanguages throughout the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian exhibit a range of sound changes which all appear to be triggered by the presence of a schwa in an open penultimate syllable. These changes are gemination of the final-syllable onset, deletion of penultimate schwa in three-or-more syllable words, and the shift of schwa to a full vowel in open penultimate syllables only. The changes are analyzed as a product of drift, whereby changes in daughter languages are motivated by some property of the proto-language. In this case, it is argued that schwa was a zero-mora vowel in Proto-Austronesian and Proto-Malayo-Polynesian, and that these changes worked to add a mora to a word which would otherwise contain a degenerate single-mora foot. The observed changes are then analyzed as a product of constraint promotion modeled in Diachronic Optimality Theory, whereby constraint movement over time may explain historical sound change. In the case of Malayo-Polynesian, it is shown that the promotion of the Binary Foot constraint (Ft-Bin)can explain all three of the attested schwa-triggered sound changes.
OIE4PA: open information extraction for the public administration
Authors: Siciliani Lucia , Ghizzota Eleonora , Basile Pierpaolo , Lops Pasquale 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTenders are powerful means of investment of public funds and represent a strategic development resource. Despite the efforts made so far by governments at national and international levels to digitalise documents related to the Public Administration sector, most of the information is still available in an unstructured format only. With the aim of bridging this gap, we present OIE4PA, our latest study on extracting and classifying relations from tenders of the Public Administration. Our work focuses on the Italian language, where the availability of linguistic resources to perform Natural Language Processing tasks is considerably limited. Nevertheless, OIE4PA adopts a multilingual approach so it can be applied to several languages by providing appropriate training data. Rather than purely training a classifier on a portion of the extracted relations, the backbone idea of our learning strategy is to put a supervised method based on self-training to the proof and to assess whether or not it improves the performance of the classifier. For evaluation purposes, we built a dataset composed of 2,000 triples which have been manually annotated by two human experts. The in-vitro evaluation shows that OIE4PA achieves a MacroF$$_1$$

1

equal to 0.89 and a 91$$\%$$
%
accuracy. In addition, OIE4PA was used as the pillar of a prototype search engine, which has been evaluated through an in-vivo experiment with positive feedback from 32 final users, obtaining a SUS score equal to 83.98.
Biodegradability of Cellulose Diacetate in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Serbruyns Lynn , Van de Perre Dimitri , Hölter Dirk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCellulose acetate with a degree of substitution (DS) of 2.5, commonly referred to as cellulose diacetate, has been discussed as an important source of microplastic in the environment, especially since it is used to produce cigarette filters. According to EU Single-Use Plastics Directive tobacco products are one of the ten most found SUP products in beach litter by number. However, at present only very few biodegradation studies with natural microbial communities in aqueous media have been reported. In the present study aqueous aerobic biodegradation simulation tests were performed on commercial materials according to international standards (ASTM D6691, ISO 14851 and ISO 19679) to address this bias. Cellulose diacetate proved to be biodegradable or showed strong indication to be non-persistent in freshwater (> 90% relative biodegradation after 100 days at 21 °C), seawater (> 90% after 142 days at 30 °C) and seawater/sediment interface (> 70% after 360 days at 25 °C) under defined laboratory conditions. In freshwater, biodegradation of cellulose diacetate was characterized by a prolonged lag phase (75 days), followed by > 90% relative biodegradation in a short time frame (25 days). This indicates that an abiotic degradation or hydrolysis to reduce the DS is not a pre-requisite to initiate the biodegradation of cellulose diacetate. In addition, it was found that the lag phase can be significantly shortened (from 75 to 5 days) by using pre-adapted microorganisms. In contrast to what could have been expected from literature our present study demonstrates that microorganisms can adapt to a DS as high as 2.5 and metabolize the material. This underlines the importance of studies with natural communities of microorganisms to get a more realistic idea of the persistence of a polymer material.
Gradient descent-based freeform optics design for illumination using algorithmic differentiable non-sequential ray tracing
Authors: Koning Bart de , Heemels Alexander , Adam Aurèle , Möller Matthias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlgorithmic differentiable ray tracingis a new paradigm that allows one to solve the forward problem of how light propagates through an optical system while obtaining gradients of the simulation results with respect to parameters specifying the optical system. Specifically, the use of algorithmically differentiable non-sequential ray tracing provides an opportunity in the field of illumination engineering to design complex optical system. We demonstrate its potential by designing freeform lenses that project a prescribed irradiance distribution onto a plane. The challenge consists in finding a suitable surface geometry of the lens so that the light emitted by a light source is redistributed into a desired irradiance distribution. We discuss the crucial steps allowing the non-sequential ray tracer to be differentiable. The obtained gradients are used to optimize the geometry of the freeform, and we investigate the effectiveness of adding a multi-layer perceptron neural network to the optimization that outputs parameters defining the freeform lens. Lenses are designed for various sources such as collimated beams or point sources, and finally, a grid of point sources approximating an extended source. The obtained lens designs are finally validated using the commercial non-sequential ray tracer LightTools.
Women Partners, Feeling Rules, and the Gendered Consequences of Porn Addiction
Authors: Ortiz Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA significant portion of the research on porn addiction has focused on the construction of this social problem and the heterosexual male addicts, yet relatively little is known about women partners. Analyzing open-ended online surveys and interviews with women partners of male porn addicts, this article demonstrates how the medicalization of porn addiction has social consequences which are profoundly gendered and tangled in emotion work. Respondents’ narratives reveal how family, friends, therapists, and partners center the addict’s “recovery” and “healing” by imposing feeling rules that suppress women’s anger and sadness. These feeling rules repress partners’ discussions of the social challenges of porn addiction and lead women to seek out anonymous support online on a site explicitly designed to affirm partners. The site provides opportunities for respondents to discuss the implications of their relationships in ways not fully possible offline. This article thus expands sociological understandings of porn addiction, gender, and emotion work by (1) highlighting the social implications for women who in these partnerships, especially those which reflect and reproduce gender inequalities, and by (2) documenting how women make meaning of social support which affirms, rather than minimizes, those gendered experiences. By doing so, this article raises questions about how the medicalization of other issues related to sexuality, paired with clinical authority of therapists, results in the constraining of women’s intimate lives under the guise of treatment.
Triggers of Anaphylaxis in Mastocytosis Patients: Evidence of the Current Drug-Avoidance Recommendation
Authors: Rama Tiago Azenha , Castells Mariana 
Published: September 2023

Opinion statementMastocytosis is associated with a high risk of anaphylaxis, in part due to drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Drugs associated with mast cell activation include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), drugs used in the perioperative setting, including general anesthetics, neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) and opiates/opioids, radiocontrast media (RCM), vaccines, and antibiotics such as quinolones and vancomycin. To protect patients against DHR and anaphylaxis, general avoidance of potential drug triggers is common practice, which often deprives patients of important drugs at times of need and limits their options. We aimed to critically review current evidence on the indications to avoid drugs in children and adults with mastocytosis. Recent data shows that general avoidance of drugs with potential mast cell activation action is not indicated in all patients with mastocytosis, but guidelines are lacking. Drugs tolerated before and after the onset of mastocytosis should not be avoided and a personalized approach is recommended to address drugs inducing mast cell activation. Pre-medication (RCM, local and general anesthetics, vaccines), use of safer alternatives (opioids, NBMAs, NSAIDs in selected cases), and drug challenges (NSAIDs in most cases) are recommended to increase the safety of patients with mastocytosis when introduced to new drugs.
Short review: novel concepts in the approach to patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Cappellani D. , Bartalena L. , Bogazzi F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The approach to this condition is widely variable across different medical specialists and even among expert endocrinologists. As a matter of fact, the approach to amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis has always been considered difficult, due to diagnostic uncertainties easily resulting in missteps, and therapeutic challenges easily resulting in unresponsiveness or slow-responsiveness to the administered drugs.

Purpose
Our purpose is to review novelties emerged during the last years about this condition, with the aim to provide novel insights on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this challenging condition.
A novel time-dependent damage constitutive model for hard rock materials
Authors: Wang Susheng , Yang Shengqi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical behavior of deep hard rocks plays a crucial role in the long-term safety and stability of engineering structures. This work focuses on studying the instantaneous and time-dependent fracture propagation of hard rock materials from a theoretical perspective. A new unified constitutive model, based on a modified Mohr–Coulomb (M-C) criterion, is proposed to accurately represent the short and long-term mechanical properties of hard rocks. To capture the strain hardening and strain softening behaviors, damage is utilized as an internal mechanism-driven variable, controlling the expansion and contraction of the plastic yield surface. Additionally, a combination of time-dependent damage law and viscoplastic theory is employed to account for nonlinear creep deformation characteristics. By considering the time-dependent effects, the model can be applied to both instantaneous loading and creep conditions. The general algorithm format is derived in detail, and an explicit integration algorithm is utilized to update the time-dependent damage evolution. Finally, the proposed model is validated by comparing its predictions with the short and long-term mechanical responses of Beishan granite and Rumei dacite. This comprehensive constitutive model improves our understanding of continuum damage mechanics and provides a scientific basis for analyzing and evaluating the long-term safety and stability of deep hard rock engineering projects.
Few-Shot Relation Prediction of Knowledge Graph via Convolutional Neural Network with Self-Attention
Authors: Zhong Shanna , Wang Jiahui , Yue Kun , Duan Liang , Sun Zhengbao , Fang Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKnowledge graph (KG) has become the vital resource for various applications like question answering and recommendation system. However, several relations in KG only have few observed triples, which makes it necessary to develop the method for few-shot relation prediction. In this paper, we propose the Convolutional Neural Network with Self-Attention Relation Prediction (CARP) model to predict new facts with few observed triples. First, to learn the relation property features, we build a feature encoder by using the convolutional neural network with self-attention from the few observed triples rather than background knowledge. Then, by incorporating the learned features, we give an embedding network to learn the representation of incomplete triples. Finally, we give the loss function and training algorithm of our CARP model. Experimental results on three real-world datasets show that our proposed method improves Hits@10 by 48% on average over the state-of-the-art competitors.
Unlocking the power of Twitter communities for startups
Authors: Peixoto Ana Rita , de Almeida Ana , António Nuno , Batista Fernando , Ribeiro Ricardo , Cardoso Elsa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial media platforms offer cost-effective digital marketing opportunities to monitor the market, create user communities, and spread positive opinions. They allow companies with fewer budgets, like startups, to achieve their goals and grow. In fact, studies found that startups with active engagement on those platforms have a higher chance of succeeding and receiving funding from venture capitalists. Our study explores how startups utilize social media platforms to foster social communities. We also aim to characterize the individuals within these communities. The findings from this study underscore the importance of social media for startups. We used network analysis and visualization techniques to investigate the communities of Portuguese IT startups through their Twitter data. For that, a social digraph has been created, and its visualization shows that each startup created a community with a degree of intersecting followers and following users. We characterized those users using user node-level measures. The results indicate that users who are followed by or follow Portuguese IT startups are of these types: “Person”, “Company,” “Blog,” “Venture Capital/Investor,” “IT Event,” “Incubators/Accelerators,” “Startup,” and “University.” Furthermore, startups follow users who post high volumes of tweets and have high popularity levels, while those who follow them have low activity and are unpopular. The attained results reveal the power of Twitter communities and offer essential insights for startups to consider when building their social media strategies. Lastly, this study proposes a methodological process for social media community analysis on platforms like Twitter.