bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working from home during lockdown: the impact on performance and wellbeing
Authors: Smollan Roy K. , Morrison Rachel L. , Cooper-Thomas Helena D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe experience of working from home changed drastically with the arrival of COVID-19. Compared to pre-pandemic experiences, key differences included the vast number of people involved, its involuntary nature, the suddenness of its implementation, its lengthy duration, and the presence of others at home. The demands of this form of remote work during lockdown have partly been mitigated by the resources employees have accessed. This study aimed to investigate the factors impacting employee performance and wellbeing while compulsorily working from home during New Zealand's first nationwide lockdown. We analyzed qualitative data gathered from employees in two organizations. The resulting aggregate dimensions across both demands and resources include organizational factors, furniture and technology factors, and individual factors. Given the ongoing nature of COVID-19 we identify new research directions for investigating remote work, and practical implications focusing on suitable home furniture and technology, plans for future remote work, and supporting employees.
Targeting BCR-ABL1-positive leukaemias: a review article
Authors: Leak Steven , Horne Gillian A. , Copland Mhairi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Treatment and understanding of BCR::ABL1-positive leukaemias is a precision medicine success story. Our appreciation of the BCR::ABL1 gene and resulting BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute leukaemias, has led to treatment advances associated with exceptional improvements in patient outcomes with normal life expectancy for many patients with chronic phase (CP-)CML. However, despite these major therapeutic advances, the management of Ph+ leukaemias remains complex, with development of specific resistance mutations on treatment, as well as the need for lifelong therapy in most patients due to the persistence of CML stem cells despite prolonged tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment. BCR::ABL1-specific TKIs are associated with chronic toxicities affecting quality-of-life in many patients but can also result in more serious pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. Dose optimisation is increasingly being used to manage side effects and maintain molecular response in CML patients. Here, we review the development of BCR::ABL1-specific TKIs from the discovery of imatinib in 1996 to the more recent second- and third-generation TKIs and emerging specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket (STAMP) inhibitors. We will also evaluate the current evidence for treatment of BCR::ABL1-positive leukaemias, including TKI discontinuation in optimally responding CP-CML patients.
Aerodynamic design methods for transonic wings
Authors: R. C. Lock  
Published: March 2023

SummaryA review is given of current methods in theoretical aerodynamics which are useful in the design of aircraft wings for subsonic and transonic speeds. These are of two basic types:
(A) direct methods for calculating the flow over a givenwing shape. In the design process, these can be used to obtain a rapid estimate of the effect of a specified change in wing shape. The most practical methods of this type make use of the viscous/inviscid interaction technique; some recent methods are described and examples are given of their use, both in two and three dimensions, including comparisons with experiment.(B) inverse methods in which the shape is calculated explicitly, as a result of either (a) specifying the surface pressure distribution on the wing, or (b) requiring that some suitable ‘target’ function, usually the drag/lift ratio, shall be a minimum. At present, these methods are restricted to inviscid flow.Several examples of both ‘pressure’ and ‘optimisation’ methods are discussed, and their advantages and limitations considered.
Pilot modelling techniques for the analysis of aircraft linear dynamic behaviour
Authors: Innocenti M. , Minciotti R. L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of aircraft flying qualities has always required a high level of integration between airplane dynamic response and human operator properties. Today, the linear pilot-aircraft behaviour is a mature technology summarised by the publication of the military specifications MIL-STD-1797.The present paper outlines the contribution of pilot modelling techniques to such endeavour and their use as a tool in the prediction of aircraft handling qualities characteristics by verifying their output in a Neal-Smith criterion framework. The objective is to complete the understanding of handling qualities in the linear part of the flight envelope (such as tracking) and to initiate work in the large amplitude manoeuvres. The results have produced an interactive computer aided software useful for pilot-in-the-loop analysis.
Gustave Eiffel - pioneer of experimental aerodynamics
Authors: Black J. 
Published: March 2023

Travellers flying into Paris would not connect the famous 100-year-old landmark, the Eiffel Tower, an immense and complex structure of open ironwork, 300 m high, with the aerodynamics of their streamlined modern aeroplane. The unexpected association between the two is Gustave Eiffel — ‘le magicién de fer’ — builder of the Tower in 1889, who pioneered much of the experimental research needed by the designers of the first aeroplanes, in the period from 1903, when he was in his ‘70s, until the time of his death aged 90 in 1923.Post-Second World War generations of aerodynamicists are also probably unaware that Eiffel was the source of many of the basic results they use, since no modern textbooks refer to his researches of 70 years ago; yet nearly half of his obituary notice in the Times of 29 December 1923, headed ‘M. Eiffel — A Great Engineer’ referred to his aeronautical research using his Tower and his wind-tunnels. In order to appreciate how Eiffel came to embark on his new activities at such a late age we must look briefly at his first career, which established him as one of the most distinguished structural engineers of the 19th century, and the political scandal which brought it to an end.
Sting corrections to zero-lift drag of axisymmetric bodies in transonic flow
Authors: Viswanath P. R. , Rajendra G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperiments at transonic speeds have been performed on several boat-tailed afterbodies and sting combinations with a view to assessing sting corrections to the measured afterbody drag at transonic speeds. Measurements made included afterbody total drag and base pressure in the Mach number range of 0.6-1.0 and Reynolds number range of 8-9.5 x 106. Correlations of base pressure and boat-tail pressure drag for the sting diameter and flare effects have been proposed using dimensional arguments. The correlations provide quick and reliable estimates for corrections that can be applied to the measured zero-lift drag of axisymmetric bodies with either contoured or conical boat-tailing.
Prediction of the dynamic characteristics of helicopters in constrained flight
Authors: Thomson D. G. , Bradleyt R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In circumstances where a pilot is forced to follow a specified flight path, such as during a landing approach or in nap-of-the-earth conditions, it will be shown that there is an apparent modification of the helicopter's stability characteristics. This effect is identified in helicopter flight data from nap-of-the-earth agility trials where oscillations are observed in the time histories of the pilot's control inputs and the vehicle's response. A technique of predicting the nature of these oscillations using a linearised helicopter mathematical model is developed. The model is inverted to give the response of the unconstrained states in terms of those strongly controlled by the need to remain on a specific flight path. Results are compared with data from flight trials and it is shown that good correlation between the period of the oscillations in the flight data and the predicted values can be obtained.
Air safety regulation and its commercial impact
Authors: Ashford Ronald 
Published: March 2023

Safety regulation usually has some direct impact on airline costs. All operators aim to operate safely - some more than others - and one might ask, should safety be left to manufacturers and operators, all of whom have a real vested interest in high standards, including the added spur of potential litigation? However, there is, I believe, a clear wish in the minds of the public, and hence governments, for independent and positive regulation. Major fatal accidents frequently cause a clamour of demands for higher safety, and governments, through their appointed bodies, are expected to act. Airlines broadly accept such pressures but wish to see common and consistent standards applied so that the economic burden is spread equally - preferably internationally.ICAO requires all aircraft involved in international navigation to conform to ‘a detailed and comprehensive code’, but the detailed provisions and their interpretation may vary from country to country.
Technical Note–The flying wing supersonic transport
Authors: Jones R. T. 
Published: March 2023

The flying wing supersonic transport is simply a straight wing of high aspect ratio and of sufficient size to contain passengers comfortably. Such a wing can be steered to different sweep angles and thus adapted to efficient flight over a range of Mach numbers.The writer demonstrated such a wing by flying models at the First International Congress in the Aeronautical Sciences. The potential advantages of such a flying wing were discussed by G. H. Lee of Handley Page Aircraft at a subsequent Congress. The present paper gives recent studies of flight stability, efficiency and operational problems. It is suggested that by limiting the Mach number to twice current jet speed fuel efficiency approaching that of present day subsonic transports could be achieved. This goal would probably also require the development of variable bypass engines.
An investigation of a hovering rotor in ground effect
Authors: Graber A. , Rosen A. , Seginer A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new free-wake aerodynamic model of a rotor hovering in ground effect is briefly presented. The numerical characteristics of the model are investigated. The convergence between consecutive iterations and convergence with respect to different parameters that define the model, are presented and discussed. The model is then validated by comparing the numerical results with existing experimental data. Very good agreement of the thrust coefficient is obtained, whereas discrepancies in the torque coefficients are discussed. At the end of the paper the capabilities of the model are shown by considering various aspects of the ground effect.
Validation of transonic turbulent flows past delta wing configurations
Authors: Hilgenstock A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe turbulent flow around a delta wing at incidence is simulated numerically using a finite-volume Navier-Stokes method. The numerical simulation makes use of a simple algebraic turbulence model. The influence of grid refinement is investigated. The more realistic wing-body configuration with round leading edge is used to discuss the influence of the position of the transition line and to compare experimental and numerical data to validate the numerical method. The topological structure of the flow is discussed. An explanation is given for the low particle density area close to the primary vortex as it is visualised by laser light-sheet technique in the experiment. Results for a close coupled delta-wing-canard configuration are discussed.
A tribute to the leading assistant designers of British wartime aeroplanes
Authors: Pugsley Alfred 
Published: March 2023

The major achievements of the Royal Air Force during the last war were made possible very largely by three aeroplanes – the Hurricane, the Spitfire, and the Lancaster. They became very well known to the British public at that time, and indeed to the enemy. Less widely known, but nevertheless publicly acknowledged, were their chief designers – S. Camm, R. J. Mitchell and R. Chadwick.Two other aeroplanes that found a place in the public eye were the Wellington bomber and the Sunderland Flying Boat. A. Gouge, the chief designer of the latter, was hardly noticed, but B. N. Wallis, who contributed most to the design of the Wellington, became a national figure when he moved on to the design of his great bombs.
Effect of polygenic risk score, family load of schizophrenia and exposome risk score, and their interactions, on the long-term outcome of first-episode psychosis
Authors: Cuesta M. J. , Papiol S. , Ibañez B. , García de Jalón E. , Sánchez-Torres A. M. , Gil-Berrozpe G. J. , Moreno-Izco L. , Zarzuela A. , Fañanás L. , Peralta V. ,   SEGPEPs Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsistent evidence supports the involvement of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, in the etiology of psychosis. First-episode psychosis (FEP) comprises a group of disorders that show great clinical and long-term outcome heterogeneity, and the extent to which genetic, familial and environmental factors account for predicting the long-term outcome in FEP patients remains scarcely known.MethodsThe SEGPEPs is an inception cohort study of 243 first-admission patients with FEP who were followed-up for a mean of 20.9 years. FEP patients were thoroughly evaluated by standardized instruments, with 164 patients providing DNA. Aggregate scores estimated in large populations for polygenic risk score (PRS-Sz), exposome risk score (ERS-Sz) and familial load score for schizophrenia (FLS-Sz) were ascertained. Long-term functioning was assessed by means of the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was used as a standard method to estimate the effect of interaction of risk factors.ResultsOur results showed that a high FLS-Sz gave greater explanatory capacity for long-term outcome, followed by the ERS-Sz and then the PRS-Sz. The PRS-Sz did not discriminate significantly between recovered and non-recovered FEP patients in the long term. No significant interaction between the PRS-Sz, ERS-Sz or FLS-Sz regarding the long-term functioning of FEP patients was found.ConclusionsOur results support an additive model of familial antecedents of schizophrenia, environmental risk factors and polygenic risk factors as contributors to a poor long-term functional outcome for FEP patients.
Environment, sustainability, and Hellenic studies
Authors: Post Ruben 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article reviews a selection of books published over the last decade that explore the relationship between humans and the environment in the ancient Greek world. These publications represent a new phase of the ecological turn in classical studies, in which ancient environmental studies has emerged as a distinct subdivision of the environmental humanities. Their contributions can roughly be divided into two groups according to their approaches and goals: one applies ecocritical analyses to Greek literature, presenting alternative ecologies to those that have produced contemporary environmental crises; the other applies historical methods to written and material evidence to illuminate the realities of ancient Greek human–environment relations. The three subsections of this review provide overviews of scholarship addressing sustainability and the conservation of natural resources; ecology and religion; and societal resilience in the face of ecological stress. I suggest productive avenues for further research in each area, arguing that interdisciplinary communication and collaboration are becoming increasingly important in this evidentially, methodologically and theoretically variegated field.
An agent-based model of COVID-19 pandemic and its variants using fuzzy subsets and real data applied in an island environment
Authors: Regis Sébastien , Manicom Olivier , Doncescu Andrei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a model of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic simulated by a multi-agent system (MAS) based on demographic data and medical knowledge. Demographic data are linked to the distribution of the population according to age and to an index of socioeconomic fragility with regard to the elderly. Medical knowledge are related to two risk factors: age and obesity. The contributions of this approach are as follows. Firstly, the two aggravating risk factors are introduced into the MAS using fuzzy sets. Secondly, the worsening of disease caused by these risk factors is modeled by fuzzy aggregation operators. The appearance of virus variants is also introduced into the simulation through a simplified modeling of their contagiousness. Using real data from inhabitants of an island in the Antilles (Guadeloupe, FWI), we model the rate of the population at risk which could be critical cases, if neither social distancing nor barrier gestures are respected by the entire population. The results show that hospital capacities are exceeded. The results show that hospital capacities are exceeded. The socioeconomic fragility index is used to assess mortality and also shows that the number of deaths can be significant.
A real-options analysis of climate change and international migration
Authors: Braun Marius 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe potential impact of climate change on international migration patterns has recently received considerable attention, yet much of the empirical literature fails to find increases in international migration due to climate change. This paper attempts to resolve this “immobility paradox” by applying a real-options framework to the relationship between climate change and international migration. This framework suggests that individuals may postpone their migration response to climate change in the face of uncertainty and only migrate once impacts of climate change have exceeded certain thresholds. We test this prediction using semiparametric regression methods which allow us to empirically identify the threshold effects implied by the real-options framework. However, the findings are generally inconsistent with such threshold effects. Rather, the results suggest that in low-income countries, individuals’ migration response is hampered by the existence of liquidity constraints. These are likely to become more binding due to climate change-induced decreases in agricultural productivity.
Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for large vestibular schwannomas and the impact of pre-radiation debulking surgery on dosimetry and clinical outcomes
Authors: Mallory Matthew , Kauweloa Kevin , Staecker Hinrich , Camarata Paul , Chamoun Roukoz , Neeranjun Rishi , Badkul Rajeev , TenNapel Mindi , Shelton Shary , Wang Fen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
This study was aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with large (>2 cm in great diameter) vestibular schwannomas (VSs) treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) compared to small (<2 cm) ones and the impact of debulking surgery prior to radiation for large VSs.

Methods:
Fifty-nine patients with VSs treated with HFSRT (25 Gy in 5 fractions) were evaluated by tumour size and surgical status. Patients were divided based on tumour size: small VSs (n = 42) and large VSs (n = 17). The large group was further divided into the groups of pre-treatment debulking surgery (n = 8) and no surgery (n = 9). Rates of tumour control, brainstem necrosis and neurologic dysfunction were assessed following treatment. Pre-surgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to generate hypothetical HFSRT plans to compare the effect of debulking surgery on dosimetry. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) modelling was performed to compare toxicity probabilities with and without surgical debulking in large VSs.

Results:
There was no statistical difference of tumour control rate between small and large VSs with 100% for small tumours and 94·1% for large tumours (p = 0·12), respectively. In large VSs patient, the tumour control rate of HFSRT was 100% (8/8) for surgically debulked patients and 89% (8/9) for non-surgically debulked patients (p = 0·35). There were no patients who experienced brainstem necrosis or progression of facial and trigeminal nerve symptoms after HFSRT in the entire groups of patients. Surgical debulking large VSs did not change the maximum point dose of brainstem (p = 0·98), but significantly decreased volumes of VSs and changed the minimum dose to the hottest 0·5 cc of tumour (p = 0·016) as well as the volume receiving at least 23 Gy (p = 0·023). NTCP modelling revealed very low rates (average < 1%) of brainstem toxicity with or without surgical debulking, but there was a significant difference favoring surgery (p < 0·05).

Conclusions:
HFSRT is a safe and effective treatment for both small and large VSs and is a viable option for patients with large VSs who cannot undergo surgery, if NTCP of pre-debulking HFSRT dosimetry is lower.
Automated Calibration of a Snow‐On‐Sea‐Ice Model
Authors: Cabaj Alex , Kushner Paul J. , Petty Alek A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSnow on Arctic sea ice has many, contrasting effects on ice thickness and extent. Furthermore, estimates of snow depth on Arctic sea ice are a key input for ice thickness estimates from satellite altimeters such as ICESat‐2. Models such as the NASA Eulerian Snow on Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM) have been recently utilized by the sea ice community to provide time‐varying basin‐wide estimates of snow depth and density on Arctic sea ice. NESOSIM is a two‐snow‐layer model with simple representations of snow accumulation, wind packing, loss due to blowing snow, and redistribution due to sea ice motion. Two free parameters in NESOSIM, which dictate the bulk effect of wind packing (densification) and blowing snow processes, lack direct observational constraints. We present an indirect calibration of these parameters using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. NESOSIM output is calibrated to observations of snow depth from Operation IceBridge and CRREL‐Dartmouth buoys, and density from historical drifting stations. OIB measurements alone are found to more strictly constrain the blowing snow parameter, and including additional observations yields more physically reasonable density estimates. The MCMC‐calibrated model output is further used to estimate sea ice thickness and uncertainty from model parameter uncertainty using ICESat‐2 freeboard measurements. Despite visible differences in density, the change in ice thickness is minimal. We also find that the model is relatively insensitive to parameter variations, and hence, the snow model uncertainty contribution to ice thickness is small compared to the systematic uncertainty from snow in the current ICESat‐2 thickness product.