bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalization of an alien ancient fruit tree at a fine scale: Community structure and population dynamics of Cydonia oblonga in China
Authors: Xie Yong , Li Jiaxiang , Zhao Lijuan , Liu Wenqian , Gong Qunlong , Deng Mengda , Zhao Mohan , Huang Song 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNaturalized plants play pivotal roles in local plant biodiversity and ecological functions; however, the drivers of naturalization remain poorly understood at a fine scale. Thus, understanding the processes of the development and dominance of alien plants in local natural habitats is of paramount importance. In the present study, we report for the first time the naturalization of Cydonia oblonga in China based on community structure and population dynamics at a fine scale. We conducted a comprehensive survey of the species through field community investigations, interviews, and a literature review. Cydonia oblonga is an ancient fruit tree with a long introduction history of over 4500 years worldwide and a cultivation history of over 2500 years in China. We analyzed C. oblonga community structure using the spatiotemporal substitution method and quantitatively analyzed population dynamics using a static life table, survivorship curve, and time series model to explore the naturalization processes. The following results were obtained. (i) The community comprised 31 coexisting vascular plant species (16 woody and 15 herbaceous species) belonging to 28 genera in 20 families. Rosaceae and Asteraceae were the two most dominant families. (ii) All individuals in the shrub layer as well as the C. oblonga population exhibited a roughly inverted J‐shaped basal diameter distribution. A complete age structure was noted, and the survival curve was classified as Deevey type II. According to time series analysis, the population is estimated to increase in the future, specifically of medium and large individuals. (iii) Religious exchange, potent resource competitiveness, and similarity with the native habitat may be the major drivers of the introduction and successful naturalization of C. oblonga. These results suggest that alien species closely related to native ones are more likely to invade, naturalize, and dominate communities in local habitats.
TDFCAM: A method for estimating stable isotope trophic discrimination in wild populations
Authors: Johnson Devin L. , Henderson Michael T. , Franke Alastair , Swan George J. F. , McDonald Robbie A. , Anderson David L. , Booms Travis L. , Williams Cory T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) are widely used for characterizing wild animal diets. Such models rely upon using accurate trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) to account for the digestion, incorporation, and assimilation of food. Existing methods to calculate TDFs rely on controlled feeding trials that are time‐consuming, often impractical for the study taxon, and may not reflect natural variability of TDFs present in wild populations.

We present TDFCAM as an alternative approach to estimating TDFs in wild populations, by using high‐precision diet estimates from a secondary methodological source—in this case nest cameras—in lieu of controlled feeding trials, and provide a framework for how and when it should be applied.

In this study, we evaluate the TDFCAM approach in three datasets gathered on wild raptor nestlings (gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus; peregrine falcons Falco perigrinus; common buzzards Buteo buteo) comprising contemporaneous δ13C & δ15N stable isotope data and high‐quality nest camera dietary data. We formulate Bayesian SIMMs (BSIMMs) incorporating TDFs from TDFCAM and analyze their agreement with nest camera data, comparing model performance with those based on other relevant TDFs. Additionally, we perform sensitivity analyses to characterize TDFCAM variability, and identify ecological and physiological factors contributing to that variability in wild populations.

Across species and tissue types, BSIMMs incorporating a TDFCAM outperformed any other TDF tested, producing reliable population‐level estimates of diet composition. We demonstrate that applying this approach even with a relatively low sample size (n < 10 individuals) produced more accurate estimates of trophic discrimination than a controlled feeding study conducted on the same species. Between‐individual variability in TDFCAM estimates for ∆13C & ∆15 N increased with analytical imprecision in the source dietary data (nest cameras) but was also explained by natural variables in the study population (e.g., nestling nutritional/growth status and dietary composition).

TDFCAM is an effective method of estimating trophic discrimination in wild animal populations. Here, we use nest cameras as source dietary data, but this approach is applicable to any high‐accuracy method of measuring diet, so long as diet can be monitored over an interval contemporaneous with a tissue's isotopic turnover rate.
Phage‐resistant mutations impact bacteria susceptibility to future phage infections and antibiotic response
Authors: McGee Lindsey W. , Barhoush Yazid , Shima Rafaella , Hennessy Miette 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacteriophage (phage) therapy in combination with antibiotic treatment serves as a potential strategy to overcome the continued rise in antibiotic resistance across bacterial pathogens. Understanding the impacts of evolutionary and ecological processes to the phage‐antibiotic‐resistance dynamic could advance the development of such combinatorial therapy. We tested whether the acquisition of mutations conferring phage resistance may have antagonistically pleiotropic consequences for antibiotic resistance. First, to determine the robustness of phage resistance across different phage strains, we infected resistant Escherichia coli cultures with phage that were not previously encountered. We found that phage‐resistant E. coli mutants that gained resistance to a single phage strain maintain resistance to other phages with overlapping adsorption methods. Mutations underlying the phage‐resistant phenotype affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and/or synthesis. Because LPS is implicated in both phage infection and antibiotic response, we then determined whether phage‐resistant trade‐offs exist when challenged with different classes of antibiotics. We found that only 1 out of the 4 phage‐resistant E. coli mutants yielded trade‐offs between phage and antibiotic resistance. Surprisingly, when challenged with novobiocin, we uncovered evidence of synergistic pleiotropy for some mutants allowing for greater antibiotic resistance, even though antibiotic resistance was never selected for. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the role of selective pressures and pleiotropic interactions in the bacterial response to phage‐antibiotic combinatorial therapy.
PGE2 expression by HPV6/11‐induced respiratory papillomas blocks NK cell activation in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Israr Mohd , Lam Fung , DeVoti James , Mace Emily M. , Papayannakos Christopher , Abramson Allan , Steinberg Bettie M. , Bonagura Vincent R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a rare chronic disease caused primarily by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, consists of repeated growth of premalignant papillomas in the airway. RRP is characterized by multiple abnormalities in innate and adaptive immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immune surveillance and are part of the innate immune responses that help prevent tumor growth. We identified that papillomas lack classical class I MHC and retain nonclassical class I MHC expression. Moreover, in this study, we have identified and characterized the mechanism that blocks NK cell targeting of papilloma cells. Here, we show for the first time that the PGE2 secreted by papilloma cells directly inhibits NK cells activation/degranulation principally through the PGE2 receptor EP2, and to a lesser extent through EP4 signaling. Thus, papilloma cells have a potent mechanism to block NK cell function that likely supports papilloma cell growth.
Occurrence, identification, and decontamination of potential mycotoxins in fruits and fruit by‐products
Authors: Pushparaj Karthika , Meyyazhagan Arun , Pappuswamy Manikantan , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Liu Wen‐Chao , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and patulin in fruits and processed fruit products has been ever more challenging and gained additional focus on ecofriendly mitigation strategies. The onset of these toxins is due to several factors involving insect attacks, agricultural practices, and climate change. Acute and chronic health hazards are clinically proven after consuming contaminated foodstuffs, even at lower concentrations of mycotoxins. Synergistic, masked, and substantial occurrence in fruit matrices increase their complexity in detection and detoxification; apparently, this article reviewed the available information on the occurrence of mycotoxins in several fruits and their products, focused on the conventional and advanced methods of identification, quantification, and decontamination techniques. Strengthening and implementing stringent international and national guidelines are required for impactful, tangible measures in the future. Nevertheless, controlling the mycotoxins in fruits will certainly be challenging for scientists. Therefore, more impactful technologies are still needed to eliminate the toxins at the threshold level of the food chain and ensure sustainable global food safety.
Double burden of malnutrition among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: A comparative study of classical and Bayesian logistic regression approach
Authors: Hossain Md. Ismail , Rahman Azizur , Uddin M. Sheikh Giash , Zinia Faozia Afia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the prevalence of undernutrition among women of reproductive age has declined in Bangladesh, the increase in the prevalence of overnutrition remains a major challenge. To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2.2, it is important to identify the drivers of the double burden of malnutrition on women in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018 was used to model the relationship between the double burden of malnutrition among women and the risk factors using a logistic regression model under the classical and Bayesian frameworks and performed the comparison between the regression models based on the narrowest confidence interval. Regarding the Bayesian application, the Metropolis‐Hastings algorithm with two types of prior information (historical and noninformative prior) was used to simulate parameter estimates from the posterior distributions. The Boruta algorithm was used to determine the significant predictors. Almost half of reproductive aged women experienced a form of malnutrition (12% were underweight, 26.1% were overweight, and 6.8% were obese). In terms of the narrowest interval estimate, it was found that Bayesian logistic regression with informative priors performs better than the noninformative priors and the classical logistic regression model. Women who were older, highly educated, from rich families, unemployed, and from urban residences were more likely to experience the double burden of malnutrition. This study recommended using the historical prior as the informative prior rather than the flat/noninformative prior to estimating the parameter uncertainty if historical data are available. The double burden of malnutrition among women is a major public health challenge in Bangladesh. This study was to determine the impact of effective risk factors on the double burden of malnutrition among women by applying the Bayesian framework. Using both informative and noninformative priors, “historical prior” was proposed as informative prior information. The main strength is that the proposed prior (historical prior) provided improved estimation as compared to the flat prior distribution.
Heat transfer prediction for radiant floor heating/cooling systems using artificial neural network (ANN)
Authors: Verma Vikas , Nath Ratnadeep , Tarodiya Rahul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRadiant floor cooling and heating systems (RHC) are gaining popularity as compared with conventional space conditioning systems. An understanding of the heat transfer capacity of the radiant system is desirable to design a space conditioning system using RHC technology. In the present work, a simplified heat flux model for RHC is developed for both cooling and heating modes of operation. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique is used for the development of the simplified model. Experimental data from literature covering a wide operating range of the RHC is considered for model development and validation. Operating parameters such as mass flow rate (mf), heat resistance (Rs), mean temperature of water flowing through the pipe (Tm), and operative temperature (Top) are considered independent variables influencing the heat flux (qt). The neural network consists of four input layers, one output layer, and one hidden layer with a feed‐forward‐back‐propagation algorithm. A study on the selection of the optimum number of neurons in the range of 1–9 for the hidden layer is also performed. On the basis of the performance parameters, namely, average‐absolute‐relative‐deviation (AARD = 0.11283) percentage, mean‐square‐error (MSE = 0.00055), and the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9984), a hidden layer is modeled with five neurons.
Heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and therapeutic strategies for different subtypes of adenomyosis: An initial single‐center study in China
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Gao Xinran , Wang Feng , Shang Chunliang , Liu Zhongyu , Guo Hongyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of different clinical symptoms and corresponding therapeutic efficacy in adenomyosis patients.MethodsFrom January 2015 to October 2020, a total of 468 patients diagnosed with adenomyosis through MRI examination at Peking University Third Hospital were included in this retrospective cohort study. Totals of 184 (39.3%), 208 (44.4%), 17 (3.6%), and 59 (12.6%) patients were categorized into Subtypes I (intrinsic), II (extrinsic), III (intramural), and IV (penetrating), respectively. Clinical information such as age, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, infertility, assisted reproduction, and drug treatment and its efficacy were analyzed. By comparing the clinical information of different adenomyosis subtypes, we intend to provide better fertility guidance and find better treatment strategies for these patients.ResultsThe proportion of dysmenorrhea increased in intrinsic, extrinsic, intramural, and penetrating subtypes (74.5% vs 82.7% vs 94.1% vs 94.9%, respectively, P = 0.002). The proportion of menorrhagia in the intrinsic subtype (53.3%) was significantly higher than that in the extrinsic (28.4%) and intramural (29.4%) subtypes (P < 0.001). The effective rate of progesterone in the intrinsic subtype was significantly lower than that in the extrinsic subtype (52.0% vs 86.5%, P < 0.001). The infertility rates of adenomyosis patients with different subtypes were relatively high (17.6%–41.3%), and that of the extrinsic subtype was the highest among all the subtype groups (41.3%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSignificant differences in age, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and infertility were found among patients with different subtypes of adenomyosis. A novel classification of adenomyosis was proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of adenomyosis patients with infertility.
Fertility and reproductive outcomes following high‐energy pelvic fractures: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kastora Stavroula L. , Eley Jonathan , Kounidas Georgios , Dighero Isabel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to decipher the effect of pelvic fractures (PFs) upon female fertility and live birth rate, as data including treatment regimens in large, unselected populations remain scarce.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of high energy PFs upon female fertility and live birth rate.Search strategyLiterature search for relevant studies was performed up to March 2022 in five databases: Embase, MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar.Selection criteriaRetrospective studies assessing live birth, infertility, and dyspareunia rates following PFs.Data collection and analysisData were extracted from studies independently by two authors. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies.Main resultsA total of 763 female patients of median age 27.8 years (95% CI 22–38 years) were included with median follow up of 5 years. Among PF patients, infertility hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% CI 0.76–1.84, P = 0.47; I2 = 18%) and dyspareunia HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.34–1.08, P = 0.09; I2 = 66%), did not significantly differ from the age‐matched literature‐reported rates among non‐PF patients.ConclusionsNo significant differences of live birth, infertility, and dyspareunia rates across patients with PFs were found compared with non‐PF counterparts.
Results of sacrospinous ligament fixation using conventional instruments for symptomatic stage 2 and 3 apical prolapse over 3 years
Authors: Ren Chang , Zhang Yue‐Lun , Tian Wei‐Jie , Wang Yuan , Guo Jian‐Bin , Shi Hong‐Hui , Sun Zhi‐Jing , Chen Juan , Zhu Lan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy and quality of life concerning sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) using conventional instruments for Chinese women with symptomatic stage 2 and 3 apical prolapse.MethodsThis single‐arm prospective cohort study was conducted at our hospital between October 2011 and December 2018. Eligible participants were followed up over 3 years after surgery. The primary surgical outcome was composite surgical failure. Secondary outcomes included rate of satisfaction, quality of life (QoL) scores, and long‐term complications.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were enrolled (mean age 57.1 years), of whom 55 (93.22%) completed the 3‐year follow up. At year 3, the composite failure rate was 21.34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.30%–31.79%), and satisfaction rate was 81.40% (95% CI 66.09%–91.08%). Right thigh pain and de novo dyspareunia occurred in 1.8% and 14.6% patients after year 1, respectively, but at year 3 there were no complications. Lower urinary tract symptoms were present in 5.5% of patients. Improvement was found in urinary symptoms and prolapse symptoms, but sexual function showed no significant change.ConclusionsCompared with results at year 1, complication rates of SSLF decreased at year 3. The composite failure rate was relatively low and satisfaction rate was relatively high at year 3. Prolapse and urinary symptoms improved significantly after surgery.
The challenge to include adolescent girls and young women in maternal and reproductive health research
Authors: Soeiro Rachel E. , Souza Renato T. , Nakamura Renan M. , Bento Silvana F. , Surita Fernanda G. , Cecatti Jose G. , Nomura Roseli M. , Costa Maria L. 
Published: January 2023

SynopsisIncluding adolescent girls and young women in maternal and reproductive health research is challenging.
New Ecological Paradigm and third culture kids: Multicultural identity configurations, global mindset and values as predictors of environmental worldviews
Authors: Mosanya Magdalena , Kwiatkowska Anna 
Published: January 2023

Ecological degradation threatens human survival, increasing the need to understand factors related to pro‐environmental attitudes and worldviews. In a globalising world, new paradigms arise as central to social sciences, including the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and the multicultural identities of individuals raised between the cultures, third culture kids (TCKs). NEP is an ecocentric perspective that stresses the interdependence between nature and humans, opposite to anthropocentrism. TCKs' exposure to cultural diversity during developmental years might support global issues engagement and ecocentric worldviews. The present study focused on non‐Western TCKs (N = 399; mean age 21 years), aiming to explore whether multicultural identity configurations (integration, categorisation, compartmentalisation), values dimensions (self‐transcendence, openness and conservation) and global mindset predicted ecocentric and anthropocentric worldviews. The results demonstrated that TCKs were ecocentrically inclined. The path model revealed that ecocentrism could be directly positively predicted by integrated multicultural identity, self‐transcendence and a global mindset. Anthropocentrism was predicted by multicultural identity categorisation and conservation values. Also, values of self‐transcendence and openness buffered the impact of compartmentalisation and categorisation on ecocentrism and anthropocentrism. This study set innovative directions in multiculturism and environmentalism discourse through understanding a multicultural identity's relationships with pro‐environmental attitudes.
Sicca syndrome during ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Segawa Takuya , Motoshima Takanobu , Yatsuda Junji , Kurahashi Ryoma , Fukushima Yumi , Murakami Yoji , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Sugiyama Yutaka , Yoshida Ryoji , Nakayama Hideki , Kamba Tomomi 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDry mouth is the main symptom of sicca syndrome, which rarely occurs as an immune‐related adverse event. Here we report a case of sicca syndrome caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.Case presentationA 70‐year‐old man was diagnosed with left renal cell carcinoma after radical left nephrectomy. Nine years later, computed tomography revealed a metastatic nodule in the upper left lung lobe. Subsequently, ipilimumab and nivolumab were administered for recurrent disease. After 13 weeks of treatment, xerostomia and dysgeusia were noted. Salivary gland biopsy revealed lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration in the salivary glands. Sicca syndrome was diagnosed and pilocarpine hydrochloride was prescribed without corticosteroids, with continuation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The symptoms alleviated after 36 weeks of treatment, with shrinkage of the metastatic lesions.ConclusionWe experienced sicca syndrome caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Sicca syndrome improved without steroids and the immunotherapy could be continued.