bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Determination of Water in Organic Liquids by Ambient Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Qiu Lingqi , Saha Mousumi , Kraft Stefan , Dziekonski Eric T. , Welch Christopher J. , Dai Yumin , Kaerner Andreas , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study uses a rapid tandem mass‐spectrometry method to determine water content in complex organic solutions. Emphasis is placed on trace‐water analysis by a fast and accurate alternative to the Karl–Fischer method. In this new method, water is captured by a charge‐labeled molecular probe. Water binds strongly with high specificity to the strongly electrophilic aldehyde site in a charge‐labelled molecule (N‐methylpyridinium); competitive binding by other analytes is effectively discriminated against in the mass‐measurement step. Quantitative determinations are made over a wide concentration range, 0.001 % (10 ppm) to 99 %, with better than 10 % relative standard deviation, along with short (1 min) analysis times using small sample volumes (several μL). Applications include water measurement in simple organic solvents, for example, deuterated solvents, as well as in complex mixtures, for example, organic reaction mixtures. Additionally, this method allows for water monitoring in levitated droplets. Mechanistic investigations into the impact of water on important chemical processes in organic synthesis and environmental science are reported.
A Negatively Curved π‐Expanded Pyracylene Comprising a Tropylium Cation
Authors: Borstelmann Jan , Bergner John , Rominger Frank , Kivala Milan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe disclose π‐expanded pyracylenes and their cationic species comprising 7‐membered rings. The compounds were synthesized by stepwise oxidative cyclodehydrogenation to monitor the effect of successive cyclization on the structural and optoelectronic properties. As shown by X‐ray crystallography, the complete cyclization leads to a boat‐shaped scaffold featuring negative curvature provided by the 7‐membered ring. The embedded tropone unit enabled the convenient generation of a stabilized tropylium cation, showing bathochromically shifted absorption bands reaching into the near‐infrared region beyond 1000 nm. The altered structural features, supported by theoretical calculations, point towards the positively charged 7‐membered ring having aromatic character.
Magnetic Ni‐Nanoinclusions in VO2 Thin Films for Broad Tuning of Phase Transition Properties
Authors: He Zihao , Jian Jie , Quigley Lizabeth , Bhatt Nirali A. , Barnard James P. , Mihalko Claire A. , Wang Haohan , Phuah Xin Li , Lu Juanjuan , Xu Xiaoshan , Wang Haiyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMott insulator VO2 exhibits an ultrafast and reversible semiconductor‐to‐metal transition (SMT) near 340 K (67 °C). In order to fulfill the multifunctional device applications, effective transition temperature (Tc) tuning as well as integrated functionality in VO2 is desired. In this study, multifunctionalities including tailorable SMT characteristics, ferromagnetic (FM) integration, and magneto‐optical (MO) coupling, have been demonstrated via metal/VO2 nanocomposite designs with controlled morphology, i.e., a two‐phase Ni/VO2 pillar‐in‐matrix geometry and a three‐phase Au/Ni/VO2 particle‐in‐matrix geometry. Evident Tc reduction of 20.4 to 54.9 K has been achieved by morphology engineering. Interestingly, the Au/Ni/VO2 film achieves a record‐low Tc of 295.2 K (22.2 °C), slightly below room temperature (25 °C). The change in film morphology is also correlated with unique property tuning. Highly anisotropic magnetic and optical properties have been demonstrated in Ni/VO2 film, whereas Au/Ni/VO2 film exhibits isotropic properties because of the uniform distribution of Au/Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, a strong MO coupling with enhanced magnetic coercivity and anisotropy is demonstrated for both films, indicating great potential for optically active property tuning. This demonstration opens exciting opportunities for the VO2‐based device implementation towards smart windows, next‐generation optical‐coupled switches, and spintronic devices.
Description: Its meaning, epistemology, and use with emphasis on information science
Authors: Hjørland Birger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the concept of “description” and its theoretical foundations. The literature about it is surprisingly limited, and its usage is vague, sometimes even conflicting. Description should be considered in relation to other processes, such as representation, data capturing, and categorizing, which raises the question about what it means to describe something. Description is often used for any type of predication but may better be limited to predications based on observations. Research aims to establish criteria for making optimal descriptions; however, the problems involved in describing something have seldom been addressed. Specific ideals are often followed without examine their fruitfulness. This study provides evidence that description cannot be a neutral, objective activity; rather, it is a theory‐laden and interest‐based activity. In information science, description occurs in processes such as document description, descriptive metadata assignment, and information resource description. In this field, description has equally been used in conflicting ways that mostly do not evince a recognition of the value‐ and theory‐laden nature of descriptions. It is argued that descriptive activities in information science should always be based on consciously explicit considerations of the goals that descriptions are meant to serve.
Recent Advances in Bimetallic Catalysts for Methane Steam Reforming in Hydrogen Production: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Yusuf Basiru O. , Umar Mustapha , Kotob Esraa , Abdulhakam Abdullahi , Taialla Omer Ahmed , Awad Mohammed Mosaad , Hussain Ijaz , Alhooshani Khalid R. , Ganiyu Saheed A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs energy demand continues to rise and the global population steadily grows, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative, clean, and renewable energy sources. The search for alternatives, such as green hydrogen, as both a fuel and an industrial feedstock, is intensifying. Methane steam reforming (MSR) has long been considered a primary method for hydrogen production, despite its numerous advantages, the activity and stability of the conventional Ni catalysts are major concerns due to carbon formation and metal sintering at high temperatures, posing significant drawbacks to the process. In recent years, significant attention has been given to bimetallic catalysts as a potential solution to overcome the challenges associated with methane steam reforming. Thus, this review focuses on the recent advancements in bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen production through methane steam reforming. The review explores various aspects including reactor type, catalyst selection, and the impact of different operating parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, feed composition, reactor configuration, and feed and sweep gas flow rates. The analysis and discussion revolve around key performance indicators such as methane conversion, hydrogen recovery, and hydrogen yield.
Utilization of grape waste with different moisture content as fuel briquettes
Authors: Kabas Onder 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2020, world fresh grape production increased to 78.03 million metric tons from 77.00 million metric tons in 2019. Approximately 80% of the grapes produced in the world are consumed as wine and fruit juice. In such a large industry, a huge amount of waste is generated after processing. This waste is generally used as fertilizer and burned inefficiently. In this study, the quality and strength parameters of the briquettes obtained were determined in order to investigate the possibility of using grape wastes as fuel briquettes by compressing them under constant pressure (120 MPa) at three different moisture content levels (6.8%, 9.4%, 12.1%) instead of using them as fertilizer or burning them inefficiently. As a result of the study, it was determined that the compression force, compression stress, specific compression force, and quality parameters such as density, water resistance, tumbler, and shatter index of the briquettes obtained from the briquettes with 6.8% raw material moisture content were in accordance with the international standard, ISO 17225‐3.
Cancer incidence in the Somali population of Olmsted County: A Rochester epidemiology project study
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed A. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Yost Kathleen J. , Jenkins Gregory , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Wieland Mark L. , Njeru Jane W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSomali immigrants and refugees constitute one of the largest African ethnic groups immigrating to the United States over the past three decades with the majority resettling in the state of Minnesota. Previous studies have documented significant cancer screening disparities between the Somali population and the general population. However, little is known about cancer incidence among Somali groups living in the United States.MethodsWe determined the incidence of 18 types or sites of malignancy using ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes and compared them between Somali and non‐Somali populations in Olmsted County, Minnesota utilizing the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records‐linkage infrastructure for the years 2000–2020. Poisson regression models were used to model the rates for each malignancy.ResultsThere was a higher incidence and relative risk of liver malignancies among the Somali population versus non‐Somali population, but lower relative risk and incidence of the following malignancies: breast, cervical, and melanoma. After direct age‐sex adjustment to the United States 2000 Census population, liver was the most common cancer in Somali men, while breast cancer was the most common malignancy in women.ConclusionMalignancies related to infectious agents such as viral hepatitis have a higher incidence in the Somali immigrant population of Olmsted County. There is a lower incidence of malignancies related to lifestyle factors in this Somali population. Findings of this study may help inform cancer prevention and screening strategies among Somali communities in the United States.
Subsite‐specific metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer: A population‐based cohort study of the US SEER database and a Chinese single‐institutional registry
Authors: Wang Ling , Liang Boxuan , Jiang Yu , Huang Genjie , Tang Aiwei , Liu Zhihong , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Rui , Yang Nanyan , Wu Jianhua , Shi Min , Bin Jianping , Liao Yulin , Liao Wangjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies exploring whether metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer (GC) differ by primary anatomical site are scarce.MethodsThis study included 15,260 and 1623 patients diagnosed with GC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database and the Nanfang Hospital in China, respectively. Patients were stratified according to primary site of GC, and the incidence of metastasis to different organs was used to determine the metastatic organotropism for each GC subsite. Finally, the metastatic organotropism and risk were compared among the different subsite groups.ResultsLiver metastasis was the most common metastasis site in cardia GC, whereas other‐site metastases were more common in the body, antrum, overlapping lesions, and unspecified GCs. Liver and other‐site metastases were also frequently observed in the fundus, pylorus, lesser curvature, and greater curvature GCs. Patients with GC with definite primary tumor sites in the SEER and validation Nanfang hospital cohorts were compared by grouping as proximal and distal GCs for further analysis. In the SEER cohort, the top three metastatic sites of proximal GC were liver (21.4%), distant lymph node (LN) (14.6%), and other‐site (mainly peritoneum, 11.9%), whereas those of distal GC were other‐site (mainly peritoneum, 19.5%), liver (11.8%), and distant LN (9.5%). The incidence of metastasis to the liver, distant LN, lung, and brain was significantly higher in patients with proximal GC than in those with distal GC in both the SEER and Nanfang cohorts (p < 0.05). However, metastasis to other‐site/peritoneum was significantly lower in patients with proximal GC compared to those with distal GC in the Nanfang Hospital and SEER cohorts, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionLiver and distant LN are the preferred metastatic sites for proximal GC, whereas peritoneal metastasis is more common in distal GC. Proximal GC has a higher risk of lymphatic and hematogenous metastases, and a lower risk of transcoelomic metastasis than distal GC. Our findings highlight the need to stratify GC by its primary subsite to aid in planning and decision‐making related to metastatic management in clinical practice.
Shared decision making with Oncologists and Palliative care specialists (SOP) model help advanced pancreatic cancer patients reaching goal concordant care: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tseng Yung‐Ling , Lin Yun‐Ching , Hsu Wan‐Ju , Kang Ya‐Chun , Su Hsin‐Yin , Cheng Shao‐Yi , Tsai Jaw‐Shiun , Chiu Tai‐Yuan , Huang Hsien‐Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage with a poor prognosis due to insidious symptoms and lack of evidence‐based screening in general population. Palliative care's acceptance in Asian cultures is hindered by misconceptions and ineffective communication about management that improve quality of life other than cancer directed treatment. Our study aimed to determine the effect of the Shared decision‐making with Oncologists and Palliative care specialists (SOP) model developed from the traditional shared decision‐making (SDM) model on the palliative care acceptance rate and medical resource utilization.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study implementing the SOP model at the National Taiwan University Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Medical resource utilization was defined and recorded as the rate of hospitalization, emergency room (ER), and intensive care unit admissions. We compared the results between two groups: patients who received the SOP model in 2019 and patients who did not receive it in 2018.Results137 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were included in our study. The result showed that the acceptance rate of palliative care significantly increased from 50% to 78.69% after the SOP model (p = 0.01). The hospitalization rate did not show a significant difference between 2018 (93.42%, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99) and 2019 (93.44%, 95% CI: 0.87–1.00). 83.61% (95% CI: 0.74–0.93) of our patients in 2019 had at least one ER visit; the rate was 81.5% (95% CI: 0.73–0.91) in 2018 (p = 0.28). The percentage of patients admitted to the ICU increased from 3.95% in 2018 to 8.2% (95% CI: −0.05–0.08) in 2019 (95% CI: 0.11–0.15) (p = 0.00). The hospitalization and ER visit showed no statistically difference between 2 years.ConclusionsThe modified SOP model markedly augmented palliative care's acceptance of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Adoption of the SOP model would provide these patients a more proactive and systematic approach to deliver needed healthcare.
Mental health outcomes for those who have offended and have been given a Mental Health Treatment Requirement as part of a Community Order in England and Wales
Authors: Callender Matthew , Sanna Greta Arancia , Cahalin Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence of mental disorders among people going through the criminal justice system suggests the potential benefit of courts adding a Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) when sentencing an offender to a Community Order (sentence) in England and Wales. Although available since 2003, MHTRs have not been widely used, and there is little evidence on outcomes.AimTo conduct the first large‐scale evaluation of mental health outcomes of people with an MHTR as part of their community sentence across multiple sites in England and Wales.MethodsData were collected from 14 sites in England and Wales about individuals who were given an MHTR as part of a community sentence. They were assessed before and after this. During the MHTR, they received a psychotherapeutic intervention by assistant psychologists in a primary care framework. Measures of psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder‐7) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) were completed before the MHTR was implemented and after completion.ResultsWhere paired sample t‐tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests were used, with samples ranging between 309 and 447 individuals, clinically significant changes were obtained for all measures. Most individuals (63%) were identified as experiencing a reliable change in at least two out of the three scales. Finally, a negative linear relationship, between measures at the start of the intervention and reliable change, was identified with higher pre‐measures, indicating that more initial distress, anxiety and/or depression were associated with more sizeable changes.ConclusionsThis paper provides the first substantial evidence in support of the MHTR within a primary mental healthcare framework as an effective pathway to reduce mental health problems among individuals under probation supervision as part of a sentence after conviction for a criminal offence. This supports the expansion of the provision across England and Wales. Future research should take account of the non‐completers and explore the relationship between the MHTR, mental health improvements and reoffending.
Simultaneous bilateral basicervical femoral neck fractures in a patient with osteomalacia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yokogawa Kei , Nagira Keita , Yonei Toru , Otsuka Tetsuya , Hagino Hiroshi , Nagashima Hideki 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageA thin patient with a history of eating disorders developed basicervical femoral neck fracture bilaterally and simultaneously due to vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia. A careful evaluation in thin patients with thigh pain, including bone biopsy, is required to avoid overlooking osteomalacia.
Erasmus syndrome: A rare case report of silicosis and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Rauniyar Somee , Thapa Biyas , Gupta Prakash , Subedi Rupak , Baral Bishwodip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeople with silicosis may develop Erasmus syndrome, a condition characterized by the emergence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) after silica exposure. This case study emphasizes the significance of understanding the connection between occupational silica exposure, silicosis, and SSc. A 24‐year‐old male stonecutter got silicosis and a form of SSc following 8 years on his job as a stonecutter. The signs and symptoms the patient experienced were Raynaud's phenomenon, cutaneous fibrosis, arthralgia, digital pitting, and respiratory distress. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) revealed interstitial lung disease and calcified mediastinal lymph nodes. This case study demonstrates the clinical importance of the relationship between occupational silica exposure, silicosis, SSc, and Erasmus syndrome. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the possible difficulties and issues that may result from silica exposure. They should prioritize quick detection and efficient treatment plans for those who have been exposed to silica while on the job.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Self‐Assembling Peptide‐Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Rozhin Petr , Adorinni Simone , Iglesias Daniel , Mackiol Tino , Kralj Slavko , Bisetto Matteo , Abrami Michela , Grassi Mario , Bevilacqua Manuela , Fornasiero Paolo , Marchesan Silvia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon nanostructures (CNSs) are attractive components to attain nanocomposites, yet their hydrophobic nature and strong tendency to aggregate often limit their use in aqueous conditions and negatively impact their properties. In this work, carbon nanohorns (CNHs), multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene (G) are first oxidized, and then reacted to covalently anchor the self‐assembling tripeptide L‐Leu‐D‐Phe‐D‐Phe to improve their dispersibility in phosphate buffer, and favor the formation of hydrogels formed by the self‐organizing L‐Leu‐D‐Phe‐D‐Phe present in solution. The obtained nanocomposites are then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oscillatory rheology, and conductivity measurements to gain useful insights as to the key factors that determine self‐healing ability for the future design of this type of nanocomposites.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Silaspiranes
Authors: Chen Hua , Hu Xuejiao , Wang Wanshu , Gao Lu , Song Zhenlei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilaspiranes bearing a spiro‐silicon center are promising ring frameworks for the synthesis of novel spirocyclic molecules possessing unique properties. Development of efficient methods towards these ring structures has therefore attracted considerable attentions of synthetic chemists. This minireview highlights the representative advances in the field, and is categorized into four parts according to the ring formation strategies: cyclization, annulation, ring expansion and cycloaddition.
Effect of a High‐Fat Diet on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Sun Xue , Song Haojing , Liu Huan , Qiu Bo , Ding Congyang , Hu Yiting , Bai Wanjun , Dong Zhanjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effects of food on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of 10‐mg rivaroxaban tablets in healthy Chinese subjects were investigated from 1 bioequivalence trial. The bioequivalence trial was designed as randomized, open‐label, 2‐sequence, 4‐period crossover under both fasted and fed conditions. A total of 56 healthy subjects were enrolled, 62.5% were male. These subjects received a single oral 10‐mg dose of rivaroxaban with a 7‐day washout between 4 periods. Serial PK samples were collected and plasma concentrations were analyzed using validated high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. The BE module of WinNonLin was used for statistical analysis of the maximum concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration–time curve from zero to the final measurable concentration (AUC0‐t), and the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) of rivaroxaban in plasma. Compared with the fasted state, the Cmax, AUC0‐t, and AUC0‐∞ of rivaroxaban significantly increased by 47%, 28%, and 26%, respectively, with oral administration of rivaroxaban 10 mg in the fed state. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar between the fasted and fed states, and no serious AEs were observed. Food significantly increased the exposure to rivaroxaban 10 mg in Chinese subjects.