bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing self-sacrifice in the investigation of moral judgment and moral emotions in human and autonomous driving dilemmas
Authors: Bruno Giovanni , Spoto Andrea , Lotto Lorella , Cellini Nicola , Cutini Simone , Sarlo Michela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the investigation of moral judgments of autonomous vehicles (AVs), the paradigm of the sacrificial dilemma is a widespread and flexible experimental tool. In this context, the sacrifice of the AV’s passenger typically occurs upon enactment of the utilitarian option, which differs from traditional sacrificial dilemmas, in which the moral agent’s life is often jeopardized in the non-utilitarian counterpart. The present within-subject study (n = 183) is aimed at deepening the role of self-sacrifice framing, comparing autonomous- and human-driving text-based moral dilemmas in terms of moral judgment and intensity of four moral emotions (shame, guilt, anger, and disgust). A higher endorsement of utilitarian behavior was observed in human-driving dilemmas and for self-protective utilitarian behaviors. Interestingly, the utilitarian option was considered less moral, shameful, and blameworthy in the case of concurrent self-sacrifice. The present study collects novel information on how different levels of driving automation shape moral judgment and emotions, also providing new evidence on the role of self-sacrifice framing in moral dilemmas.
The dynamic construction of an incubation context: a practice theory perspective
Authors: van Erkelens Amba Maria , Thompson Neil Aaron , Chalmers Dominic 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo deepen theory on the interplay between entrepreneurship and context, recent scholarship calls for more understanding on how entrepreneurs and stakeholders collectively do “contexts.” In this study, we examine how a dynamic and flexible incubation context is constructed by joint efforts between entrepreneurs and incubator management. Findings from a 4-month ethnography point to four practices—onboarding, gathering, lunching, and feedbacking—through which entrepreneurs and incubator management maintain a productive balance between agency and structure on a daily basis. These findings have several theoretical implications for theory on incubation processes and the entrepreneurship-context nexus.
Preparation and characterization of rare earth element nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic degradation
Authors: El-Kholy Rasha A. , Isawi Heba , Zaghlool Ehab , Soliman Elsayed A. , Khalil Mostafa M. H. , Said Moustafa M. , El-Aassar Abd-elhameed M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present work focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) on erbium ion (Er3+) doped TiO2 under visible light. Pure TiO2 nanoparticles and erbium (Er3+) doped TiO2 nanocomposite (Er3+/TiO2) NCs were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The synthesized (Er3+/TiO2) NCs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), elementary dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), specific surface area (BET), zeta potential, and particle size. Different parameters were used to study their efficiency for the photoreactor (PR) and the synthesized catalyst. These parameters include pH of the feed solution, the rate of flow, the presence of an oxidizing agent (aeration pump), different ratios of nanoparticles, the amount of catalyst, and the concentrations of pollutants. An example of an organic contaminant was the dye methylene blue (MB). The result achieved using the synthesized nanoparticles (I) under ultraviolet light pure TiO2 was found to have degraded by 85%. For (Er3+/TiO2) NCs under visible light, dye removal increased with pH to a maximum of 77% degradation at pH 5. Furthermore, photocatalytic efficiency improves to 80% at 40 rpm (3 l/h) low motor speed. The degradation efficiency decreased to 70% when the MB concentration was increased from 5 to 30 mg/L. When oxygen content was increased using an air pump, and deterioration reached 85% under visible light, it improved performance.
Unraveling effects of anti-aging drugs on C. elegans using liposomes
Authors: Zhang Aihan , Hsiung Kuei Ching , Kern Carina C. , Wang Yuting , Girtle Anna L. , Xu Nuo , Gems David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Liposome-mediated delivery is a possible means to overcome several shortcomings with C. elegans as a model for identifying and testing drugs that retard aging. These include confounding interactions between drugs and the nematodes’ bacterial food source and failure of drugs to be taken up into nematode tissues. To explore this, we have tested liposome-mediated delivery of a range of fluorescent dyes and drugs in C. elegans. Liposome encapsulation led to enhanced effects on lifespan, requiring smaller quantities of compounds, and enhanced uptake of several dyes into the gut lumen. However, one dye (Texas red) did not cross into nematode tissues, showing that liposomes cannot ensure the uptake of all compounds. Of six compounds previously reported to extend lifespan (vitamin C, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione (GSH), trimethadione, thioflavin T (ThT), and rapamycin), this effect was reproduced for the latter four in a condition-dependent manner. For GSH and ThT, antibiotics abrogated life extension, implying a bacterially mediated effect. With GSH, this was attributable to reduced early death from pharyngeal infection and associated with alterations of mitochondrial morphology in a manner suggesting a possible innate immune training effect. By contrast, ThT itself exhibited antibiotic effects. For rapamycin, significant increases in lifespan were only seen when bacterial proliferation was prevented. These results document the utility and limitations of liposome-mediated drug delivery for C. elegans. They also illustrate how nematode-bacteria interactions can determine the effects of compounds on C. elegans lifespan in a variety of ways.
Comparative evaluation of three commercially available markerless depth sensors for close-range use in surgical simulation
Authors: Burger Lukas , Sharan Lalith , Karl Roger , Wang Christina , Karck Matthias , De Simone Raffaele , Wolf Ivo , Romano Gabriele , Engelhardt Sandy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Minimally invasive surgeries have restricted surgical ports, demanding a high skill level from the surgeon. Surgical simulation potentially reduces this steep learning curve and additionally provides quantitative feedback. Markerless depth sensors show great promise for quantification, but most such sensors are not designed for accurate reconstruction of complex anatomical forms in close-range.

Methods
This work compares three commercially available depth sensors, namely the Intel D405, D415, and the Stereolabs Zed-Mini in the range of 12–20 cm, for use in surgical simulation. Three environments are designed that closely mimic surgical simulation, comprising planar surfaces, rigid objects, and mitral valve models of silicone and realistic porcine tissue. The cameras are evaluated on Z-accuracy, temporal noise, fill rate, checker distance, point cloud comparisons, and visual inspection of surgical scenes, across several camera settings.

Results
The Intel cameras show sub-mm accuracy in most static environments. The D415 fails in reconstructing valve models, while the Zed-Mini provides lesser temporal noise and higher fill rate. The D405 could reconstruct anatomical structures like the mitral valve leaflet and a ring prosthesis, but performs poorly for reflective surfaces like surgical tools and thin structures like sutures.

Conclusion
If a high temporal resolution is needed and lower spatial resolution is acceptable, the Zed-Mini is the best choice, whereas the Intel D405 is the most suited for close-range applications. The D405 shows potential for applications like deformable registration of surfaces, but is not yet suitable for applications like real-time tool tracking or surgical skill assessment.
A retrospective study of locally advanced cervical cancer cases treated with CT-based 3D-IGBT compared with 2D-IGBT
Authors: Kinoshita Toshifumi , Takahashi Shigeo , Anada Masahide , Nishide Takamasa , Kanenishi Kenji , Kawada Akinori , Shibata Toru 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively review locally advanced cervical cancer (CC) cases treated with three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) and two-dimensional (2D)-IGBT.

Materials and Methods
Patients with Stage IB–IVa CC who underwent intracavitary irradiation between 2007 and 2021 were divided into the 3D-IGBT and 2D-IGBT groups. Local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and gastrointestinal toxicity (G3 or more) were investigated at 2/3 years post-treatment.

Results
Seventy-one patients in the 2D-IGBT group from 2007 to 2016 and 61 patients in the 3D-IGBT group from 2016–2021 were included in the study. The median follow-up period was 72.7 (4.6–183.9) months in the 2D-IGBT group and 30.0 (4.2–70.5) months in the 3D-IGBT group. The median age was 65.0 (40–93) years in the 2D-IGBT group and 60.0 (28–87) years in the 3D-IGBT group, but there was no difference in FIGO stage, histology, or tumor size between the groups. In treatment, the median A point dose was 56.1 (40.0–74.0) Gy in the 2D-IGBT group and 64.0 (52.0–76.8) Gy in the 3D-IGBT group (P < 0.0001), and the proportion of patients who underwent chemotherapy more than five times was 54.3% in the 2D-IGBT group and 80.8% in the 3D-IGBT group (P = 0.0004). The 2/3-year LC, DMFS, PFS, and OS rates were 87.3%/85.5%, 77.4%/65.0%, 69.9%/59.9%, and 87.9%/77.9% in the 2D-IGBT group, and 94.2%/94.2%, 81.8%/81.8%, 80.5%/80.5%, and 91.6%/83.0% in the 3D-IGBT group, respectively. A significant difference was observed in PFS (P = 0.02). There was no difference in gastrointestinal toxicity, but there were four intestinal perforations in the patients from the 3D-IGBT group, three of whom had a history of bevacizumab treatment.

Conclusion
The 2/3-year LC of the 3D-IGBT group was excellent and PFS also tended to improve. Care should be taken with concomitant use of bevacizumab after radiotherapy.
Use of tree species by three species of Magicicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in an Appalachian forest
Authors: Perkovich Cindy , Ward David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeriodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are endemic to deciduous forests in the eastern United States. In successional forests, they must partition resources such as host trees to coexist. We measured tree size, emergence holes, oviposition scar bundles, and chorusing center abundances of Magicicada species on 12 common tree species in a deciduous forest to understand host-tree use. We predicted that the abundance of periodical cicadas and use of specific host-tree species would change depending on the Magicicada species and tree life stage. We considered the size of the tree (diameter at breast height) as a covariate to control for tree size and collected eggs for a greenhouse experiment to assess whether nymphs prefer to feed on Quercus rubra or Acer saccharum. More emergence holes were found below Quercus species than any other tree species. The abundance of periodical cicadas on host trees used for chorusing centers varied depending on the Magicicada species, but were most abundant on Quercus species. Oviposition scar bundles were also more frequent on Quercus. More nymphs were found on Quercus than Acer in the nymph preference study. Though periodical cicadas used Quercus hosts more than other tree species, their abundances on different host tree sizes and species differed significantly. Periodical cicada species may use specific host species and life stages as a way to partition resources and minimize competition among the Magicicada species during emergence years.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: epidemiological and clinical data from the comprehensive Italian retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Suppressa Patrizia , Maiorano Eugenia , Gaetani Eleonora , Matti Elina , Lenato Gennaro Mariano , Serio Ilaria , Masala Maristella Salvatora , Passali Giulio Cesare , Aguglia Maria , Crocione Claudia , Lopalco Pietro Luigi , Caneschi Francesca , Musella Valeria , De Silvestri Annalisa , Gambini Giulia , Spinozzi Giuseppe , Sabbà Carlo , Pagella Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRare Disease patients manifested high concern regarding the possible increased risk of severe outcomes and worsening of disease-specific clinical manifestation due to the impact of COVID-19. Our aim was to assess the prevalence, outcomes, and impact of COVID-19 in patients with a rare disease such as Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) in Italian population. A nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients with HHT from five Italian HHT centers by online survey. The association between COVID-19-related signs and symptoms and nosebleeds worsening, the impact of personal protective equipment on nosebleeds pattern, and the relationship between the presence of visceral AVMs and severe outcomes were analyzed. Out of 605 total survey responses and eligible for analysis, 107 cases of COVID-19 were reported. A mild-course COVID-19 disease, not requiring hospitalization, was observed in 90.7% of patients, while the remaining eight cases needed hospitalization, two of them requiring intensive-care access. No fatal outcome was recorded and 79.3% of patients reported a complete recovery. No difference in infection risk and outcome between HHT patients and general population was evidenced. No significative interference of COVID-19 on HHT-related bleeding was found. The majority of patients received COVID-19 vaccination, with relevant impact on symptoms and need for hospitalization in case of infection. COVID-19 in HHT patients had an infection profile similar to the general population. COVID-19 course and outcome were independent from any specific HHT-related clinical features. Moreover, COVID-19 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 measures did not seem to affect significantly HHT-related bleeding profile.
Enhancement of Water Hyacinth Juice Treatment in an Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor with Coffee Husk–Derived Biochar
Authors: Maruyama Daiki Ogasawara , Akizuki Shin-ichi , Sekine Mutsumi , Fujita Akinori , Habtu Nigus Gabbiye , Sato Shinjiro , Toda Tatsuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of water hyacinths is a global issue with significant environmental and social implications, and its proper management is a critical issue. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of compressed water hyacinth juice (WHJ) is key to efficiently utilizing water hyacinth biomass, but a simpler and more cost-effective method has yet to be established. In this study, the effectiveness of biochar carriers derived from local waste biomass (i.e., coffee husk) for WHJ treatment was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor. This was compared to conventional AD carriers (polyurethane sponge) and no-carrier conditions. The no-carrier condition resulted in process failure after 40 days due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids from the substrate overload. In contrast, the biochar condition showed a significant CH4 yield (472 mL/g-VS) and total organic carbon removal (88.6%), comparable to the sponge carrier condition. Scanning electron microscope observation revealed an aggregation of mainly rod-shaped microorganisms in the biochar pores, indicating biofilm formation and a rise in microbial concentration. Nano-archaea (Candidatus Diapherotrites archaeon ADub.Bin253), which have a symbiotic relationship with methanogens, were detected, particularly in carrier-filled conditions, with a relative archaea abundance of 12.9–28.6%. This study highlights the effectiveness of using coffee husks to treat WHJ, which can both exist in the same region, and suggests an alternative way of using locally generated biomass for local waste treatment.
Atypical Capsular Contracture with Delayed Intracapsular Hematoma After Breast Implantation for Reconstruction
Authors: Kim Sung-Eun , Kim Se Hun , Shim Jeong Su 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLate spontaneous hematoma (> 6 months postoperatively) after breast reconstruction using implant is rare complication. We experienced a case of capsular contracture with a unique clinical form of intracapsular hematoma 13 years after implantation of smooth saline filled implants. This report presented the mechanism of complication examined through chart-review, histological morphological analysis, and literature review to help evaluation and treatment of various symptoms around the breast implant capsule. A 51-year-old woman underwent a unilateral breast reconstruction using tissue expander insertion in 2005, and underwent saline implant insertion after a year. A patient has been assessed through computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography annually for cancer screening in General Surgery department, and in 14 years after implantation, she was referred to the Plastic Surgery department as a finding intracapsular multi-layering lesion around implant. She underwent implant removal and capsulectomy. The excised capsule was sent for histological evaluation. There were no trauma event, calcifications, or implant rupture. Symptoms of swelling and stiffness gradually developed. The etiology of late hematoma following implantation has been poorly characterized. There are opinions that delayed hematoma can be induced by capsule microfracture, which may be due to the rigidity of the contracted capsule, and that it may be caused by friction between the capsule and the implant when there is pathological contracture. It is thought to be an old hematoma capsule contracture that can be mistaken for tumor lesions, and it was concluded that our case corresponds.
What is Appropriate? On the Assessment of Human-Robot Proxemics for Casual Encounters in Closed Environments
Authors: Neef Nicolas E. , Zabel Sarah , Lauckner Mathis , Otto Siegmar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIncreasingly autonomous robots become more and more prevalent in daily life and their proximity to humans may affect human well-being and comfort. Consequently, researchers have begun to study the effect of robotic presence on humans and to establish distance rules. However, studies on human-robot proxemics rely on various concepts (e.g. safety, comfort, perceived safety and expectation conformity) to measure the appropriateness of distances which can affect the outcomes. The impact of using diverging operationalization has not been studied explicitly, thus the first aim of our research was to fill this gap. In two experiments (combinedN = 80), placing participants in indirect hallway human-robot interactions, we found that the way appropriateness is operationalized has a significant impact on the results for lateral passing and frontal approaches. The second goal was to gain new insights into the influence of robot appearance on appropriate proximity. Using an ad-hoc created appropriateness scale we reveal that for robots displaying human faces on screens, closer distances are perceived to be appropriate. Our study provides valuable insights into the relationship between measurement methods, robot appearance, and appropriateness, and offers practical recommendations for future research and development in the field of social robotics.
Petrophysical characterization of the heterogeneous shale-rich oil reservoirs: a case study of the Cenomanian Clastics, Abu Sennan Concession, North Western Desert of Egypt
Authors: Saleh Ahmed H. , Henaish Ahmed , Ramadan Fatma S. , Fatah Mohamed O. Abd El , Leila Mahmoud 
Published: May 2023

AbstractShale-rich reservoirs present a long-standing challenge for reservoir geologists because the clay minerals often induce a large-scale heterogeneity in the reservoir pore system. This work aims to understand the impact of clay distribution and mineralogy which would enhance the predictability of the best reservoir facies. We integrate seismic, well-log datasets to investigate the petrophysical characteristics of the clay-rich Cenomanian Clastics in the GPY oil field, north Western Desert of Egypt. These Clastics comprise the sandstone intervals which are the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs. Seismic data were used to interpret the main structural patterns as well as the different seismic facies. The well log data were utilized to interpret the lithologic variations and the type of clays in the reservoir as well as the different petrophysical parameters. Based on variations in their lithological and petrophysical characteristics, the Bahariya sandstones were sub-divided into three different rock units: Bahariya-3 (B-3), Bahariya-2 (B-2), and Bahariya-1 (B-1), separated by thick laminated clay intervals. AR/G Member is dominated by clays with relatively lower reservoir quality. Spectral gamma ray log values reveal that smectite is the dominant clay mineral in all the studied intervals. Laminated clays are dominant in B-1 and B-2 units, whereas, B-3 unit and Abu Roash G Member are enriched in structural clays. The quartzose sand content decreases from B-3 to AR/G and clay content increases from B-3 to AR/G. Therefore, the best reservoir facies and fluid flow conduits with best pore system characteristics are hosted in B-3 and the smectite clay streaks act as a good seal for hydrocarbons in the quartzose sandstone pay zone.
Food production and agricultural systems on the southwestern frontier of the Han Empire: archaeobotanical remains from the 2016 excavation of Hebosuo, Yunnan
Authors: Yang Wei , Jiang Zhilong , Yao Alice , Dal Martello Rita , Jiang Jieming , Xie Huomin , Chen Xuexiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDian Basin in Yunnan province is an important center for both early agricultural production and centralized state formation. Settled agricultural villages are present in the province since at least the third millennium BC, and by the first millennium BC, the Dian Culture, a highly specialized bronze polity, flourished in the Dian Basin and surrounding area, until it was conquered by the Han in 109 BC. The increased deployment of flotation at recent archaeological excavations in Yunnan allowed the reconstruction of agricultural practices from the Neolithic to the early Bronze Age, documented at Baiyangcun, Haimenkou, and Xueshan among others. However, archaeobotanical evidence relating to the pivotal period right before and after the Han conquest have so far been lacking, with only limited written records about agricultural production in the Shiji by Sima Qian. Here we present for the first time direct archaeobotanical evidence relating to this transitional period as revealed by rich Han period deposits found during the 2016 excavation of Hebosuo, the largest Dian settlement investigated in Yunnan so far, dated by direct AMS on charred cereal grains and artefactual evidence as spanning from between 850 BC–220 AD. Following the Han conquest, the main components of the agricultural system did not undergo radical changes, but the weedy flora indicates a heavier reliance of wet-land rice systems, evidencing a higher level of water management or even irrigation practices, and the consequent intensification of the agricultural production. These findings on shifting agricultural regimes in Yunnan also contribute to current debates about the interplay between intensification, food risk, and ecology in times of political instability.