bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation analysis of deep learning methods in S‐ICD screening
Authors: ElRefai Mohamed , Abouelasaad Mohamed , Wiles Benedict M. , Dunn Anthony J. , Coniglio Stefano , Zemkoho Alain B. , Morgan John , Roberts Paul R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning methods are used in the classification of various cardiovascular diseases through ECG data analysis. The concept of varying subcutaneous implantable cardiac defibrillator (S‐ICD) eligibility, owing to the dynamicity of ECG signals, has been introduced before. There are practical limitations to acquiring longer durations of ECG signals for S‐ICD screening. This study explored the potential use of deep learning methods in S‐ICD screening.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. A deep learning tool was used to provide descriptive analysis of the T:R ratios over 24 h recordings of S‐ICD vectors. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to compare the results statistically to those of a “gold standard” S‐ICD simulator.ResultsA total of 14 patients (mean age: 63.7 ± 5.2 years, 71.4% male) were recruited and 28 vectors were analyzed. Mean T:R, standard deviation of T:R, and favorable ratio time (FVR)—a new concept introduced in this study—for all vectors combined were 0.21 ± 0.11, 0.08 ± 0.04, and 79 ± 30%, respectively. There were statistically significant strong correlations between the outcomes of our novel tool and the S‐ICD simulator (p < .001).ConclusionDeep learning methods could provide a practical software solution to analyze data acquired for longer durations than current S‐ICD screening practices. This could help select patients better suited for S‐ICD therapy as well as guide vector selection in S‐ICD eligible patients. Further work is needed before this could be translated into clinical practice.
Heterogeneity in children at risk of math learning difficulties
Authors: Muñez David , Bull Rebecca , Lee Kerry , Ruiz Carola 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study recruited 428 Singaporean children at risk of math learning difficulties (MLD; Mage = 83.9 months, SDage = 4.35 months; 41% female). Using a factor mixture model that considered both quantitative and qualitative differences in math ability, two qualitatively different groups were identified: one with generalized difficulties across different math skills and the other with more focal difficulties in arithmetic fluency. Reading, working memory capacity, and numeracy (number line estimation skills and numerical discrimination) uniquely explained group membership. Children within each group differed in the extent of difficulties they exhibited, with numeracy variables differentially contributing to math ability in each group. Findings speak against a dimensional view of MLD and underscore the conceptual limitations of using basic numeracy performance to profile learning difficulties.
In vitro efficacy of non‐surgical and surgical implant surface decontamination methods in three different defect configurations in the presence or absence of a suprastructure
Authors: Korello Katharina , Eickholz Peter , Zuhr Otto , Ratka Christoph , Petsos Hari 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesAnalysis of the in vitro efficacy of non‐surgical and surgical dental implant surface decontamination with or without suprastructure.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and sixty implants were dipped in indelible red and distributed to 30°, 60°, or 90° angulated bone defect models. One hundred and twenty implants were used for each bone defect, 40 of which were assigned to a decontamination method (CUR: curette; SOSC: soundscaler; APA: air powder abrasion). Of these, 20 were subjected to a simulated non‐surgical (NST) or surgical treatment (ST), with/without mucosa mask, of which 10 were carried out with (S+) or without (S−) suprastructure. Uncleaned implant surface was assessed by both‐sided implant surface photography. Surface morphology changes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsCleaning efficacy was significantly better within NST if the suprastructure was removed (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found within ST (p = 0.304). Overall, cleaning efficacy in the order APA > SOSC>CUR decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) for both S+ and S− in NST as well as ST. Separated by NST/ST, S+/S−, defect angulation and decontamination method, only isolated significant differences in cleaning efficacy were present. Linear regression analysis revealed significant associations of remnants with the treatment approach, decontamination method, and defect angle (p < 0.0001). SEM micrographs showed serious surface damage after use of CUR and SOSC.ConclusionsSuprastructure removal is an additional option to improve cleaning efficacy of non‐surgical implant surface decontamination in this in vitro model.
How expert insight into alpine peatland conservation complements global scientific evidence
Authors: Rowland Jessica A. , Moore Joslin L. , Walsh Jessica C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperts can provide valuable information to fill knowledge gaps in published research on management effectiveness, particularly for threatened ecosystems, for which there is often limited evidence and the need for prompt intervention to ensure their persistence. One such ecosystem, alpine peatland, is threatened by climate change and other pressures, provides vital ecosystem services, and supports unique biodiversity. In a workshop, we gathered and synthesized into an accessible format information from experts on interventions used, threat context, and intervention effectiveness for Australian alpine peatland and used this knowledge to evaluate local relevance of the global literature for this threatened ecosystem. Experts identified 15 interventions used to conserve Australian peatlands, most of which enhanced or restored peatland condition and effectively addressed diverse threats. Experts’ perspectives and global studies were strongly aligned, suggesting that research on peatland management may be broadly relevant across contexts, despite the distinct characteristics of Australian systems. Our workshop‐based expert elicitation approach provided insights into current management practices unavailable in the literature.
A novel near‐infrared fluorescent and colorimetric probe for selective detection of Ag+ and Hg2+
Authors: Min Yuquan , Han Xin , Qi Youguo , Jiang Lin , Song Yanxi , Ma Yilin , Zhang Jian , Li Hongqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is particularly important to develop effective and specific detection methods for harmful metal ions such as the silver ion (Ag+) and mercury ion (Hg2+). In this article, a new near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (N‐FP) based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect was designed and synthesised, which exhibited the characteristics of large Stokes shift (163 nm) and excellent stability. Addition of Ag+ or Hg2+ to the N‐FP solution in ethanol/water (9:1, v/v) caused remarkable enhancement of fluorescence emission at 661 nm, bathochromic shift of ultraviolet‐visible absorption wavelength, and colour change from orange to red or purple. While adding other metal ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ did not bring about substantial spectral and colour change. The detection limit of the N‐FP for Ag+ and Hg2+ was calculated to be 1.1 and 0.72 μM, respectively. The N‐FP could be used to recognise Ag+ and Hg2+ in a wide pH range of 1–10. The sensing mechanism was proposed and demonstrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) measurements
Implicit gender bias in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes: A randomized online study
Authors: Skvortsova A. , Meeuwis S. H. , Vos R. C. , Vos H. M. M. , van Middendorp H. , Veldhuijzen D. S. , Evers A. W. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsImplicit gender biases (IGBs) are unconscious evaluations about a person based on gender. IGBs of healthcare providers may affect medical decision making. This study investigated whether IGBs and genders of patients and general practitioners (GPs) influence diagnostics and treatment decisions in the context of diabetes type 2.MethodsNinety‐nine GPs participated in this randomized online study. Implicit Associations Tasks were used to measure two IGBs, related to lifestyle (women have a healthier lifestyle than men) and communication (men are less communicative than women). Clinical decisions regarding type 2 diabetes were measured with vignettes that included a fictional male or female patient case.ResultsFemale GPs exhibited a significant lifestyle IGB (p < 0.001). GPs of both genders exhibited a significant communication IGB (p < 0.001). Several associations between IGBs and clinical decisions were found. The gender of the vignette character affected several outcomes, for example GPs were less certain in the diabetes diagnosis when the character was a woman (p < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated that GPs have IGBs and these biases as well as patient's gender affect decisions of GP's when they are solving a diabetes vignette case. Future research is needed to understand the most important consequences of IGBs in the context of type 2 diabetes.
ALKBH1 contributes to renal cell carcinoma progression by reducing N6‐methyladenine of GPR137
Authors: Li Lin , Zhu Chongying , Xu Qiang , Xu Shouying , Ye Jianqing , Xu Da , Wang Lei , Gan Sishun , Liu Bing , Tang Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 4% of all adult malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Although conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment has been applied for RCC in clinic, the mortality rate of patients is increasing each year, and patients with metastatic RCC are still suffering from poor prognosis. Thus, further investigation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of RCC is of particular importance.MethodsTotal of 10 pairs of RCC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were collected for examination of ALKBH1 and GPR137 expression. The correlations between ALKBH1 and GPR137 expression in RCC patient were assessed by GEPIA online tool and were analyzed using auto best cutoff. The human RCC cell lines Caki‐1, 786‐O, ACHN, Osrc2, A498, and 769‐P, were used for mechanistic investigation.ResultsHere, we report that the expression of AlkB homologue 1 (ALKBH1) is upregulated in RCC tissues, which is correlated with G‐protein‐coupled receptor 137 (GPR137) expression. The elevated expression of ALKBH1 is associated with RCC cell malignant characteristics, including cell proliferation and movement (migration and invasion). Mechanistic investigation further reveals that ALKBH1 reduces m6A levels of GPR137 mRNA in RCC cells, which upregulates GPR137 mRNA levels, resulting in the increased GPR137 protein expression subsequently and the enhanced RCC cell biological actions consequently. In contrast, the suppression of GPR137 effectively alleviates the ALKBH1‐induced malignancies of RCC cells.ConclusionOur results indicate that ALKBH1–GPR137 axis might be used as a potential therapeutic target in RCC, contributing to finding new prognostic biomarkers for RCC at an early stage.
Validation of National Early Warning Score and Quick Sequential (sepsis‐related) Organ Failure Assessment in acute myeloid leukaemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Frairia Chiara , Nicolino Barbara , Secreto Carolina , Messa Emanuela , Arrigo Giulia , Busca Alessandro , Cerrano Marco , D'Ardìa Stefano , Dellacasa Chiara , Evangelista Andrea , Freilone Roberto , Giai Valentina , Priolo Giorgio , Urbino Irene , Audisio Ernesta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesChemotherapy‐induced neutropenia in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a risk factor for life‐threatening infections. Early diagnosis and prompt interventions are associated with better outcomes, but the prediction of infection severity remains an open question. Recently, National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) scores were proposed as warning clinical instruments predicting in‐hospital mortality, but their role in the haematological context is still unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively assess the predictive role of NEWS and qSOFA in a large and homogeneous cohort of adult AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy. In a total of 1048 neutropenic episodes recorded in 334 consecutive patients, the scores were applied to predict outcomes on the same day of fever onset, and after 24 and 48 h from score calculation.ResultsBoth NEWS and qSOFA significantly predicted death, with more accuracy on the same day (NEWS AUROC 0.984 and qSOFA AUROC 0.969) and after 24 h (NEWS AUROC 0.928 and qSOFA AUROC 0.887), while remained moderately accurate after 48 h. Furthermore, also ICU admission was accurately predicted at fever onset and after 24 h.ConclusionsBoth scores were useful tools in the management of post chemotherapy neutropenic febrile AML patients.
Social isolation produces a sex‐ and brain region‐specific alteration of microglia state
Authors: Vu Alex P. , Lam David , Denney Cayla , Lee Kelly V. , Plemel Jason R. , Jackson Jesse 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial isolation is a profound form of psychological stress that impacts the mental health of a large proportion of society. Other experimental models of stress have demonstrated a microglia response that serves either a protective or pathological function. However, the effect of adult social isolation on microglia has not been thoroughly investigated. We measured microglia territory, branching, end points and phagocytic‐lysosomal activity in group housed C57Bl/6 mice and mice that were socially isolated for 2 weeks. Our results show that the dorsomedial hypothalamus and hippocampal CA2 region of adult male mice undergo increased microglia volume, territory and endpoints following social isolation, whereas females exhibit this increase in the hypothalamus only. Males exhibited decreases in the phagocytic‐lysosomal marker CD68 in microglia in these regions, whereas females showed an increase in CD68 in the hypothalamus suggesting sexually dimorphic and brain region‐specific change in microglia state in response to social isolation. The prefrontal cortex, central amygdala, nucleus accumbens shell and visual cortex did not exhibit changes in microglia structure in either male or female mice. These data show that microglia in different brain regions undergo a distinct response to social isolation which may account for changes in cognition and behaviour associated with this prevalent form of psychological stress.
Transitional care decision‐making through the eyes of older people and informal caregivers: An in‐depth interview‐based study
Authors: Kraun Lotan , van Achterberg Theo , Vlaeyen Ellen , Fret Bram , Briké Sarah Marie , Ellen Moriah , De Vliegher Kristel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder people with multifaceted care needs often require treatment and complex care across different settings. However, transitional care is often inadequately managed, and older people and their informal caregivers are not always sufficiently heard and/or supported in transitional care decision‐making.ObjectiveTo explore older people's and informal caregivers' experiences with, views on, and needs concerning empowerment in transitional care decision‐making.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted in the TRANS‐SENIOR consortium's collaborative research using semistructured in‐depth interviews between October 2020 and June 2021 in Flanders, Belgium. A total of 29 people were interviewed, including 14 older people and 15 informal caregivers who faced a transition from home to another care setting or vice versa. Data were analysed according to the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven.FindingsFive themes were identified in relation to the participant's experiences, views and needs: involvement in the decision‐making process; informal caregivers' burden of responsibility; the importance of information and support; reflections on the decision and influencing factors.ConclusionsOverall, older people and informal caregivers wished to be more seen, recognised, informed and proactively supported in transitional care decision‐making. However, their preferences for greater involvement in decision‐making vary and are affected by several factors that are both intrinsic and extrinsic. Therefore, healthcare systems might seek out age‐tuned and person‐centred empowerment approaches focusing on older people's and informal caregivers' empowerment. For future studies, we recommend developing specific strategies for such empowerment.Patient or Public ContributionOlder persons' representatives were involved in designing the TRANS‐SENIOR programme of research, including the current study. Healthcare professionals and nursing care directors were involved in the study design and the selection and recruitment of participants.
The Politics of Pears: Augustine on the Ethics of Privative Versus Eucharist Communities
Authors: Sweeney Terence 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn my essay, I interpret Augustine's Confessions as a political text that portrays Augustine's attempt to find a true community. This search includes a critique of various defective communities that cannot provide the public good necessary for a true public. To show this, I focus on Augustine's account of the pear theft as an example par excellence of a privative community. I examine the story as an account of an inexplicable act of willing against the good that unmakes the will. I then argue that the supposed resolution—that Augustine was willing the good of community—in fact exacerbates the inexplicability of the pear theft. In feasting on iniquity, this community un‐makes itself. I conclude by showing how the pear thieves represent a perverted imitation of the eucharistic community, which does not steal but shares the Good and so shares its goods.
Toward controllable material removal of glass–ceramic surface for low‐deformation machining
Authors: Zhou Huaicheng , Feng Chengqiang , Lin Yu , Gao Jian , Yu Bingjun , Qian Linmao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to its extremely high optical uniformity and excellent hot stability, glass–ceramic serves as a key material for ultraprecision imaging of lithography lens, and low‐deformation machining is of significance for achieving high‐quality surface. Aiming at controllable processing, the annealing of different nanoscratches on glass–ceramic was investigated for revealing the mechanism of material removal and damage repair. The volume change of the single‐pass nanoscratch under various normal loads and sliding velocities before and after the annealing was calculated for quantifying the contribution of shear flow, densification, and residual stress to the material removal, respectively. It is found that ductile removal under high normal load or low sliding velocity is dominated by shear flow, thereby improving removal efficiency and reducing machining deformation and defects caused by densification and residual stress. The changes of microstructures beneath the scratches before and after annealing further reveal that the excess processing energy will be absorbed in glass–crystal interface and form micro‐cracks on crystal surface. For comparison, brittle removal under variable cycles was simulated by multi‐pass nanoscratches, and it reveals that the shear flow ratio raises gradually with the increase of cycle number. These findings provide theoretical guidance for ultraprecision processing of glass–ceramic surfaces.
Dual burden of individual malnutrition in children 1–4 years: Findings from the Colombian nutritional health survey ENSIN 2015
Authors: Castillo Adriana N. , Suarez‐Ortegón Milton F. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundTo date there are no studies with estimation of multiple types of double burden of individual malnutrition (DBIM) and evaluation of associated determinants.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and social determinants associated with the double burden of individual malnutrition in children aged 1–4 years.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from Colombian nutritional heath survey ENSIN 2015. Global DBIM was analysed on the basis of excess weight and the presence of one or more micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, D, zinc, or iron) and/or stunting. Specific DBIM pairs were also analysed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate variables associated with DBIM.ResultsThe sample consisted of 6807 children. The overall DBIM prevalence was 4%. The prevalence of DBIM in children affected by overweight or obesity was 75%. Male sex was associated with global DBIM (OR 2.19 (1.52–3.16) p = 0.000), indigenous children presented 6 times the DBIM due to stunting (OR 6.17 (1.67–22.7) p = 0.007). Children from the Atlantic (OR 3.95 (1.23–12.61) p = 0.021), central (OR 8.80 (2.38–32.49) p = 0.001) and Pacific (OR 4.19 (1.21–14.49) p = 0.024) regions, had a higher chance of DBIM due to iron deficiency. Children from east region (OR 3.03 (1.12–8.16) p = 0.029) and Bogotá city (OR 4.15 (1.65–12.32) p = 0.004) were associated with DBIM due to vitamin D deficiency.ConclusionsChildren with overweight or obesity had a high likelihood of presenting micronutrients deficiencies or stunting. Ethnicity, male sex and country region of residence were variables associated with overall DBIM or specific DBIM.
Effects of couple‐based dyadic interventions on breast cancer patients and their intimate partners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Mingfang , Zhang Lijuan , Li Na , Luo Xia , Chen Jing , Zhang Yue , Xiong Chenxia , Zhao Meng , Guo Zijun , yan Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of couple‐based dyadic interventions on breast cancer patients and their intimate partners and compare the effects between interventions with different durations (<3 months; =3 months; >3 months).DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesSix English databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library, Medline, PsycINFO, and three Chinese databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and Weipu (VIP), from database inception to 19 February 2022.Review MethodsThe quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool and the data analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15. The outcomes were categorized into five aspects: dyadic relationship, overall quality of life (QOL), physical health, psychological health and social adjustment.ResultsNineteen RCTs were included. For patients' overall effects, couple‐based dyadic interventions can improve sexual frequency, psychological health (anxiety; depression; well‐being; body image) and social adjustment (family function‐cohesion; social function‐total). In the subgroup analysis, it can adjust patients' relationship satisfaction (>3 months), sexual frequency (>3 months), depression (<3 months and >3 months), well‐being (>3 months), and body image (3 months). For intimate partners, no statistically significant overall effects were found, and all results in the subgroup analyses showed no statistical significance.ConclusionsThe results revealed the different effects of couple‐based dyadic interventions on dyads. It also suggested that tailored intervention duration should be a focus in future studies to obtain the potential actor‐partner benefits.ImpactThis study revealed that the overall effects of the couple‐based dyadic interventions include enhancing patients' sexual frequency, psychological health and social adjustment. Clinical practitioners should consider the intimate partners' outcomes and conduct couple‐based dyadic interventions that contain more tailored elements to achieve better effects.No Patient or Public ContributionRegistration: The systematic review and meta‐analysis of RCTs has been registered in PROSPERO (Number: CRD 42021286679).