bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived prescription for multifocal contact lenses
Authors: Raso Alicia López , Alonso Jose Manuel Lopez , Alcocer Javier Ruiz , Prieto Elena Durán , Martínez Mercedes Burgos , Goodenough Neil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Multifocal contact lenses have a variable power map that is typically radial. The prescription of these lenses is given as a Sphere plus Addition values in diopters. They are calculated by assigning different radial rings of the lens to different mean power values (near and far vision zones). Depth of focus (DOF) should be high in order to focus both images on the retina. This calculation usually depends on each manufacturer and design type. The purpose of this work is to give a simple common criterion for perceived prescription, based on visual criteria and patient's pupil.Methods: The radial power profile of different multifocal contact lens designs was measured with a NIMO TR1504 (Lambda‐X). Using geometrical optics and MATLAB, ray tracing is performed and the position of the smallest spot size plane, noted as Df, is recorded. Spot size in that plane is recorded too. From Df, graphs of perceived diopters (inverse of Df in meters) versus different diameter portions of the lens are obtained.Results: The method provides the sphere and addition values for lenses with zonal designs based on the maximum and minimum effective power seen by the patient as a function of pupil size. The main perceived diopter grows or decrease smoothly depending on centre‐near or centre‐distance designs. The calculation of the approximate size of the spot with the diameter also allows estimating the DOF too. In Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) lenses the method is also applicable without changes of criteria.Conclusions: The determination of the prescription perceived by the patient with multifocal contact lenses is important and there are no uniform methods for the different designs. The inclusion of the diameter used by each patient allows the inclusion of visual criteria for calculation of main perceived diopter and the use of a common method.
Systemic lupus erythematosus Purtscher like retinopathy optical coherence tomography angiography assessment implications
Authors: Garcia‐Soler Enrique , Rubio Clara Martínez , De Smet Marc Dominique , Mirete Patricia Udaondo , Alonso David Salom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: to underline the importance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A) in the diagnosis, assessment of final visual outcome and better understanding of the Purtscher like retinopathy, as well as to emphasize on performing an ophthalmologic evaluation in all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as eye involvement is closely related with disease activity.Methods: case report. Ophthalmologic multimodal imaging assessment of a patient short after experiencing a systemic lupus erythematosus severe outset.Results: fundus examination revealed multiple cotton‐wool exudates and sharp defined intraretinal white flecken lesions, concentrated in the posterior pole, which along macular edema and the context of lupus disease led to the diagnosis of Purtscher like retinopathy, raising concern about underlying disease activity. OCT‐A evidenced ischemic affront in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses but also at choroidal level, preconizing a poor visual outcome. Precapillary retinal vascular stops and choroid lobular ischemic images were of note. Six months after initial consultation, previously displayed ischemic images gave rise to retinal and choroidal atrophy translated in counting fingers best corrected visual acuity with the posterior ensue of retina neovascularization.Conclusions: This case proves ophthalmologic evaluation mandatory for all patients suffering from lupus and reveals OCT‐A as an imaging tool of great value in the assessment of Purtscher retinopathy. To our knowledge, this is would be the first report of a SLE Purtscher‐like retinopathy characterized by OCT‐A, matching graphically and unprecedently vascular micro‐embolism stops and ischemic areas, seen as void signals, with the pathognomonic Purtscher flecken and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy (PAMM) lesions.
Inner limiting membrane bridges within Bruch's membrane defects in pathological myopia
Authors: Jonas Rahul , Jonas Jost , Auffarth Gerd , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To examine peculiarities of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in axially elongated eyes.Methods: The histomorphometric study included human globes enucleated due to reasons such as painful secondary angle‐closure glaucoma or malignant uveal melanomas. Using light microscopy, we searched for regions with ILM‐specific features in association with a marked axial elongation.Results: Out of 279 eyes (279 patients) (mean age: 61.8 ± 13.9 years; axial length: 25.5 ± 3.1 mm (range: 20.0–37.0 mm)), two eyes (axial length: 30 mm and 34 mm, respectively) showed one region and two regions, respectively, characterized by ILM presence and absence of all other retinal layers, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane (BM) and choroid. The length of these regions, called ILM‐bridges, was 1.06, 0.73, and 0.62 mm, respectively. All ILM‐bridges were spatially associated with a larger, underlying BM defect and with localized scleral thinning without a staphylomatous scleral configuration. The distance between the ILM‐bridges and the optic disc ranged between 1.92 and 4.21 mm. In univariable analysis, ILM‐bridge number increased with longer axial length (beta: 0.19; p = 0.002) and higher BM defect prevalence (beta: 0.21; p = 0.001), while in multivariable analysis, the ILM‐bridges number remained to be significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of BM defect (beta: 0.15; p = 0.048).Conclusions: ILM‐bridges are a hallmark of pathologic myopia and occur in spatial association with underlying, larger BM defects. ILM‐bridges may be due to a local stretching and rupture of all other retinal layers, caused by the BM defect‐related enlargement of the retinal underground, with the ILM as a basal membrane presenting the highest resistance against the stretching‐associated biomechanical force.
The retina in amblyopic subjects: Controversy of the scientific literature
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Carlos Javier , Albertos‐Arranz Henar , Piñero‐Llorens David P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Amblyopia is a visual developmental disorder characterized by unilateral, or rarely bilateral, reduction of the best‐corrected visual acuity. Some controversy existed since some authors have observed greater macular and choroidal thickness in amblyopic eyes using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The aim of this study was gathering the scientific literature to define if structural changes are present in the retina and choroid of amblyopic patients.Methods: Articles from 2016 up to January 2021 were searched in PubMed database. The study eligibility criteria included articles of structural and anatomic changes in the human retina, the vascular network, and the choroid in anisometropic, strabismic or mixed amblyopia.Results: Thirty‐three of 72 articles were included. A significant increase of the macular thickness, the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and the choroid along with a lower vascular density were shown in some articles. However, amblyopic eyes usually present different axial length than the fellow eye and most studies do not consider it despite structural differences in the retina have been described. In fact, no differences in the thickness of the macula were observed in studies that compared amblyopic with control eyes when considering the axial length. These studies did observe a tendency to a thicker RNFL, smaller foveal avascular zone, a decrease vascular density and a lower blood flow in the macula and optic nerve. Regarding the choroid, most articles suggest amblyopic eyes present greater choroidal thickness, luminal area volume and more vessels once axial length is adjusted.Conclusions: Only 11 studies that considered the axial length suggest amblyopic eyes do not present significant differences in the macular thickness compared to control, but they suggested an increased RNFL, lower density and retinal vascular flow and an increase in choroidal thickness.
New potential markers for Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy: A proteomic study
Authors: Aouimeur Inès , Hanielle Vaitinadapoule , Naoki Okumura , Koizumi Noriko , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles , He Zhiguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by the progressive slow accumulation of extra cellular matrix (ECM) forming Descemetic excrescents named guttae and by an increase in the thickness of the Descemet membrane (DM). Nevertheless, FECD pathophysiology remains only partially understood.Aim: To present the expression of newly identified proteins, using proteomics methods.Methods: DM were obtained from FECD patients undergoing DMEK and from donor corneas (controls) (University Hospital St‐Etienne). Some samples were analysed using MALDI imaging and shotgun proteomics (Kyoto, Doshisha University) to identified proteins selectively under or over expressed in FECD vs controls. Other samples were used for immunostaining (IS) of the top over‐expressed proteins. We used IS on flat mounts of DM in order to study the differences between the center and the periphery and cross sections to study the DM layer affected. Cross sections were performed using a cryostat on DM embedded in a mixture of gelatin, optimal cutting temperature compound and sucrose. Expression of each protein was observed using a fluorescence microscope. At least 3 different samples were used for each protein.Results: MALDI imaging and shotgun analysis identified 11 potential targets overexpressed in FECD, belonging to different families: mainly collagen, proteogylcans, and TGF beta signalling. Using IS, none of the 11 proteins was expressed in healthy samples, except for fibronectin. In FECD samples we identified proteins selectively expressed in different structures of the diseased DM: embryonic layers, Guttae, posterior fibrous layers. Notable differences were also observed between the periphery and the center.Conclusions: These new potential FECD markers located in different ECM abnormal structures suggest a dynamics phenomenon where different proteins are successively expressed and accumulated with time.
Distinguishing clinical and etiological profile of occlusive retinal vasculitis in a referral center in Tunisia, North Africa
Authors: Malouch Issam eddine , Abroug Nesrine , Khairallah Molka , Belghith Yassine , Attia Sonia , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare clinical profile and visual outcomes of occlusive versus non‐occlusive retinal vasculitis (RV).Methods: A retrospective comparative study.Results: 284 patients were enrolled, including 124 patients with occlusive RV (ORV) and 160 patients with nonocclusive RV (NORV). Patients with ORV were older (p ≤ 10‐3), predominantly male (p ≤ 10‐3), with less bilateral involvement (31.5% vs. 53.4%; p ≤ 10‐3). Infectious RV was more frequently diagnosed in the ORV group than in the NORV group (48.8% vs. 32.9%, p = 0.006). Behçet disease and ocular tuberculosis were the leading causes of ORV. Idiopathic RV, Behçet disease, and sarcoidosis were the most common causes of NORV. Independent predictive factors of poor visual outcome were worse baseline visual acuity in both groups (p = 0.006 and p ≤ 10‐3, respectively), and retinal haemorrhages (p = 0.048) and optic atrophy (p = 0.040) in the ORV group.Conclusions: Occlusive and non‐occlusive RV have distinctive clinical and etiological profile.References1. Agarwal A, Karkhur S, Aggarwal K, Invernizzi A, Singh R, Dogra MR, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of inflammatory retinal vascular occlusions: pooled data from two tertiary‐referral institutions: Inflammatory retinal vascular occlusion. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. janv 2018;46(1):62–74.2. Mir TA, Reddy AK, Burkholder BM, Walsh J, Shifera AS, Khan IR, et al. Clinical Features and Incidence Rates of Ocular Complications in Patients With Retinal Vasculitis. Am J Ophthalmol. juill 2017;179:171–8.
Tear proteome profile in eyes with keratoconus after intracorneal ring segment implantation or corneal crosslinking
Authors: Goñi Nahia , Martínez‐Soroa Itziar , Ibarrondo Oliver , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Felix , Galarreta David , Bidaguren Aritz , Juaristi Leire , Acera Arantxa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Intracorneal Ring Segment (ICRS) and Corneal collagen Crosslinking (CXL) are widely used treatments in keratoconus (KC) disease, but the alterations they cause in biomechanical mediators in the cornea, are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the tear proteome profile before and after treatments to identify biomarkers altered by surgery.Methods: An observational, prospective, case–control pilot study was conducted, analysing tear samples from KC patients by nano‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (nLC‐MS/MS). Patients with KC who underwent ICRS surgery (n = 4), CXL (n = 4), and healthy subjects (CT, n = 4) were included in this study. Clinical parameters were measured and tear samples were collected before and 18 months after surgery. Proteins with ≥2 expression change and p‐value <0.05 between groups and times were selected to study their role in postoperative corneal changes.Results: These analyses led to the identification of 447 tear proteins. In comparisons between the two surgical groups and CTs, the biological processes that were altered in KC patients at baseline were those that were dysregulated as a consequence of the disease. Among the biological processes seen to be altered were: immune responses, cytoskeleton components, protein synthesis, and metabolic reactions. When comparing the two treatment groups, A‐kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP‐13) was the most overexpressed protein before and after surgery in CXL group.Conclusions: The changes observed in tears after 18 months postoperatively could be due to the treatments performed and the pathology. Among the deregulated proteins detected, AKAP‐13 deserves special attention for its involvement in corneal thinning, and for its strong overexpression in the tears of patients with more active KC and faster disease progression. However, it should be kept in mind that this is a pilot study conducted on a small number of patients.
Structural and functional exploration of the retinal vasculature in HANAC syndrome associated with a novel intronic COL4A1 mutation
Authors: Faure Céline , Castrale Cindy , Benabed Anaïs , Cognard Pauline , Lezé Romain , Gérard Marion , Louapre Céline , Paques Michel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Mutations of the COL4A1 gene may cause hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome. The vascular structure and function of patients with HANAC is poorly known. Here, we report a family with HANAC syndrome associated to a previously unreported mutation in COL4A1. The structure and function of retinal vessels were detailed by adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.Methods: Clinical data from six affected individuals from a single family over two generations were collected. Imaging charts including conventional fundus imaging, OCT‐angiography and AOO in static and dynamic (flicker) mode were reviewed. DNA sequencing was done in the proband.Results: DNA sequencing of the proband revealed a heterozygous deletion of COL4A1 (NM_001845) at position 1120 in the intron 20 resulting in the loss of splicing donor site for exon 20 (c.1120 + 2_1120 + 8del heterozygote). Four had arterial hypertension, and three had kidney dysfunction, one of which under dialysis. Examination of retinal vessels showed that all patients had retinal arteriolar tortuosity which peaked in precapillary arterioles but spared capillaries and veins. Wall‐to‐lumen ratio of arteries was within normal limits, that is, lower than expected for hypertensive patients. Several foci of arteriolar irregularities were noted I the oldest patients. In three affected subjects, evaluation of the neurovascular coupling showed a high flicker‐induced vasodilation (from 6% to 10.8%; n < 5%).Conclusions: Structural and dynamic analysis of retinal vessels in a HANAC family bearing a novel intronic COL4 mutation showed reduced parietal thickness, arteriolar irregularity and increased dilatory response to flicker light. This affected as well non tortuous arteries, suggesting that HANAC causes diffuse microvascular dysfunction. Our findings may help to better understand end‐organ damage related to HANAC.
Expression and activation of MMP10 in retinal pigment epithelium cell lines and plasma levels in age‐related macular degeneration patients
Authors: Gonzalez‐Zamora Jorge , Hernandez Maria , Bezunartea Jaione , Recalde Sergio , Zuazu Idoia Belda , Orduña Maite Moreno , Fernandez‐Robredo Patricia , Layana Alfredo García 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of MMP10 in AMD at the cellular level and in human samples.Methods: To determine expression in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, immunofluorescence labeling and western blotting (WB) and relative quantification PCR (RQ‐PCR) were performed in ARPE‐19 and human RPE primary cells (hRPE). To evaluate the effect of oxidative stress conditions on MMP10 expression and activation, cells were subjected cells exposed to H2O2 at 800 μM during 48 h. To evaluate the levels of MMP10 in AMD patients, the plasma concentration measured by ELISA in an age‐ and sex‐matched 1:1 case–control cohort (104 patients).Results: MMP10 is expressed in ARPE‐19 cells and hRPE cells under basal conditions. ARPE‐19 cells exposed to showed a prominent increase in MMP10 expression in the immunofluorescence labeling. WB analysis of MMP10 under basal conditions in the supernatant and cell lysate of ARPE‐19 and hRPE cells have a marked expression of MMP10 contained intracellularly and present a measurable concentration of extracellular MMP10. H2O2 exposition seems to activate the protein generating two visible bands in WB. RQ‐PCR shows a significant increase in MMP10 mRNA transcription over time under oxidative stress conditions. Comparison of mean MMP10 plasma showed no statistically significant differences. A statistically significant negative correlation between age and MMP10 plasma levels was observed in the control while no apparent correlation was found in the AMD group.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that MMP10 is expressed in human epithelial cells and is overexpressed and activated under oxidative stress conditions. This increase in expression by RPE observed in cells does not correlate with an increase in plasma concentration in patients with AMD, however, in contrast to what is observed in controls, there is no decrease in its systemic concentration with age as opposed to what occurs in control patients. The data suggest that MMP10 may play a role in the development of AMD and future experiments are needed to explore this possibility.
Characterization of Charles bonnet syndrome in leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients
Authors: Nguyen Hong‐An , Kreimei Mohammad , Poincenot Lissa , Lalonde Melanie , Karanjia Rustum 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition involving visual hallucinations as a result of vision loss, but it is not well characterized nor routinely assessed for. Some patients with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) experience CBS, but there is limited published data. This is the first study screening for and characterizing CBS in a large cohort of the LHON patient population.Methods: A recently validated French‐Canadian CBS screening questionnaire was adapted to an online bilingual (English‐French) format, tailored to LHON patients (Cantin et al. CJO, 2019;54:323‐7). The 59‐item questionnaire was distributed to numerous mailing lists, online communities and social media platforms consisting of LHON patients. Quantitative and qualitative response data was used for cross‐sectional analysis.Results: A total of 169 affected LHON patients completed the questionnaire with 70% screening positive for CBS. Of the participants who screened positive for CBS, 58% were male and 85% were less than 65 years old. 55.1% were affected by the 11778G > A mutation, 13.6% by 14484 T > C, 14.4% by 3460G > A, 7.6% by other mutations and 9.3% by an unknown mutation. In addition, 41.5% of these participants have been diagnosed with LHON for more than 10 years while 38% have been diagnosed for <5 years.Conclusions: Our results yielded a high proportion of LHON patients screening positive for CBS (70%), indicating the condition may be a lot more common than previously suspected, and only a minority of LHON patients are being adequately assessed and managed for the condition. There is also an indication that their CBS tends to be long‐lasting and can be associated with various negative health outcomes. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the prevalence of CBS in LHON and the need for proactive discussions by health care providers.References1. Cantin S, Duquette J, Dutrisac F, Ponton L, Courchesne M, de Abreu Cybis W, et al. Charles Bonnet syndrome: development and validation of a screening and multidimensional descriptive questionnaire. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 2019;54:323–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.05.008.
Outcomes from a new surgical procedure in lower eyelid reconstruction: Marginal approach to releasing the lid with closure handling technique (MARCH technique)
Authors: De Ribot Anna March , de Ribot Francesc March 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To present a new surgical procedure for lower eyelid reconstruction.Methods: We have included several patients with carcinomas in their lower eyelids to perform its excision and reconstruction using this new surgical technique. Here we describe the procedure and present the surgical details and outcomes.Results: In cases where the defect involves up to 66% of the lower eyelid with at least around 17% of remnant lateral lower margin respected, the MARCH technique would be a more conservative approach, with very promising results that would encourage us to use it as the first surgical step.Conclusions: Skin cancers are especially harmful due to local invasion and surgical iatrogenic morbidity. The recurrence may be high, implying challenging surgical management depending on the prior surgery performed which, in eyelids sometimes, may mean sacrifying periosteum or tarsus. With this technique, minimal damage to perilesional healthy tissues is caused, providing good resources for the future.