bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New electric force and charge exchange modules in discrete element model enables particle dynamics simulation in electric field
Authors: Wu Ziheng , Tang Guannan , Troksa Michael , Elton Eric 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Discrete element modeling (DEM) is an important technique for particle dynamics simulation. The field of metal additive manufacturing often utilizes DEM to simulate the rheological behaviors of powder. Standard contact and short-range interactions are sufficient in most cases but insufficient to describe the particle dynamics with the influence of an electric field. Modeling such a system requires additional physics to describe the particle–field interactions. The relevant physics has been experimentally understood but is not yet available in DEM. Here, we develop a charge exchange and an electric force module. The electric force module governs particle response to the electric field, while the charge exchange module enables particles to acquire proper charge during contact with charged geometries. We validate the modules against analytical calculations and high-speed videos of electrostatic powder deposition experiments. Notably, the model struggles to capture the initial particle levitation. We later deploy a modified electric field, as supported by static electric field simulation, to better approximate the electric field penetration into the powder layer. This modification improves the model’s capability of simulating realistic particle levitation. The results highlight the challenges of modeling particle behaviors in the electric field while demonstrating the feasibility of obtaining quantitative results, which are difficult to measure experimentally.
Short-term Impact of Financial Support to Inner Areas
Authors: Monturano Gianluca , Resce Giuliano , Ventura Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the short-term effects of financial support provided to Inner Areas through a specific place-based governmental policy that was introduced in Italy between 2014 and 2018 to combat depopulation. Taking advantage of the most recent developments in the econometrics of policy evaluation, we apply a staggered difference-in-difference estimator to evaluate the impact of public policy on population structure and the number of plants at the municipal level. The analysis is made possible thanks to a detailed panel dataset containing information about the Italian municipalities over the years 2014–2020. The results show that, over the first 2 years, the financial support to Inner Areas does not affect the population structure, but it can generate a significant number of extra plants in the treated municipalities. A further key issue is whether the policy can generate spillover effects on neighbours which may either corroborate the result or invalidate it. To answer this question we combine the baseline model with a spatial empirical strategy, and we find positive spillover effects for extra plants on neighbouring municipalities.
New England’s Pinnacle: fostering quality entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Almeida Alejandro , Golpe Antonio A. , Martín-Álvarez Juan Manuel , Vides Jose Carlos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper has assessed the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems across the US states. To do this, we have used the Startup Formation Rate (SFR) and the Entrepreneurial Quality Index (EQI) from a novel data set called the Startup Cartography Project, which spans from 1988 to 2014. For this purpose, we have applied the Phillips and Sul (Econometrica 75:1771–1855, 2007, Econometrics 24:1153–1185, 2009)’s club clustering algorithm in order to identify the existence of absolute or regional convergence. Our results suggest the existence of two and three clubs convergence, respectively. More importantly, when attending EQI, California and Massachusetts form a club, which is evidence of the importance of quality entrepreneurship over quantity. Furthermore, from a geographical point of view, SFR clubs show a scattered distribution throughout the national territory, while the EQI clubs are more homogeneous. In this sense, we apply the Local Moran I test to the EQI club that is formed by California and Massachusetts to analyze the possible spillover effects of these states, to their neighbours. Finally, this gives valuable information for designing entrepreneur policies at different levels.
Impact of Face Mask Wearing on Vowel Production
Authors: Jiang Feiyun , Chen Yang , Ng Manwa L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the post-COVID era, face masks have become a part of our daily lives. However, the effects of these masks on Mandarin speech production remain unclear. This study aimed to address this research gap by conducting a comprehensive investigation of the impact of surgical face masks on vowel production. Vowels produced in a continuous speech context were recorded for 61 native Mandarin-speaking adults, both with and without wearing a face mask. The acoustic parameters associated with three corner vowels /i/, /a/, and /u/ in Mandarin were measured. Significant changes were observed in the acoustic parameters under the masked condition, including an increase in F0 and a decrease in both F1 and F2 of vowel /a/, as well as tVSA, F1RR, and F2RR. However, no significant changes were found in duration and FCR. The patterns exhibited similarities between male and female speakers. The observed differences in vowel production can be attributed to the acoustic and physical consequences of wearing face masks. These differences, which may indirectly lead to reduced speech intelligibility, highlight the necessity of adopting adaptive strategies when face masks are present in various communication settings.
Influence and handling of process interruptions in PBF-LB of AlSi10Mg
Authors: Moser M. , Brenner S. , Löwisch G. , Nedeljkovic-Groha V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The high degree of design freedom is a major advantage of additive manufacturing processes and enables the production of highly complex structures that cannot be realized with conventional manufacturing methods. This makes AM processes such as Powder Bed Fusion of Metal with Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M) an attractive option for different industries. However, the production process can be interrupted for various reasons. In addition to a planned pause, e.g., for the production of smart components, various technical issues can lead to an unwanted interruption of the process. In any cases, if the user continues the production process after an interruption, the temperature histories of the produced components and the PBF-LB/M machine are different compared to a non-interrupted process. The literature shows that the cool-down of the system and the components during the process interruption results in various types of component defects. According to our current state of knowledge, the formation of the interruption marks is the most critical defect resulting from a process interruption. Due to the resulting notch effect, the global component properties are often severely impaired even for short interruption times. The easiest way to eliminate the influence of the interruption marks is therefore to remove them by machining the components. An unplanned post-processing using traditional methods like milling or turning is usually difficult or even impossible as the necessary requirements for the component geometry are often not met. In many cases, machining is also not economically viable. In order to address this challenge, three different processing methods were tested in the present study: blasting, vibratory finishing, and manual grinding. These methods are not restricted in the mentioned way and can be used spontaneously to remove the marks quickly and simply. The extent to which the methods affect the surface, the geometry of the interruption marks and the residual stresses was investigated. Fatigue tests were performed to assess the capability of these methods to reduce the negative effects of a process interruption. The results show that the investigated post-processing methods have different effects on the component properties and fatigue strength. All three methods have shown that the negative effects of the interruption marks and thus the scrap rate due to an interruption in the PBF-LB/M can be significantly reduced using appropriate post-processing methods.
The Role of Emotion Regulation in Body-Focused Gratitude: Impacts on Well-Being, Body Compassion, and Behavioural Intentions
Authors: Dennis Amelia , Ogden Jane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gratitude is a positive emotion that increases well-being and body image. Across two studies, we explored the impact of general and body gratitude and the role of emotional regulation on well-being, health behavioural intentions, and body compassion. In Study 1 (N = 382), we used a cross-sectional design to assess associations between body and general gratitude and emotion regulation with well-being, health behavioural intentions, and body compassion. The results showed that emotion regulation was positively associated with both trait general and body gratitude, and in turn both trait general and body gratitude were linked to greater well-being, health behavioural intentions, and body compassion. Specifically, trait general gratitude better correlated with well-being, life satisfaction, and weight loss intentions, whereas, trait body gratitude had a stronger correlation with affect, exercise intentions, and body compassion. In Study 2 (N = 425), we experimentally induced general or body gratitude (vs. control) and tested the effect of emotion regulation on well-being outcomes. The results showed that body gratitude (vs. control) increased body compassion; whereas general gratitude (vs. control) increased well-being and weight loss intentions. Additionally, the results showed that greater emotion regulation was associated with higher gratitude and in turn greater well-being, intention to exercise, and body compassion in the general and body gratitude intervention (vs. control). These findings suggest that general and body gratitude relate to well-being and that emotion regulation plays a key role in the benefits of gratitude.
Labor market participation of the elderly: the role of family financial transfers in China
Authors: Harris Richard , Li Xueqi , Qian Enping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Population ageing has (usually negative) implications for economic growth linked to a declining population of working age. This study uses Chinese household data for 2018 to consider the determinants of the willingness of people who have reached the ‘official’ retirement age to remain part of the workforce. As well as controlling for a range of personal characteristics of the elderly, the emphasis here is on the economic importance of the relatively close relationship between parents and children in China. Our results show that the transfer of funds to parents’ has the largest link with participation, because of the relative importance of such transfers. However, transfers from parents to children, while undertaken by only a small proportion of households, have a much larger association with whether the elderly work. Moreover, location is very important, with transfers to children having the largest effect in rural areas while transfers to parents have a stronger bearing in non-rural areas.
Research advances and hotspot evolution of carbon fiber composite material recycling based on bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Guo Xiang , Li Tian , Liu Chunting , Wu Mengying , Liao Yuyan , Xu Jinwu , Chen Weijing , Pei Linlin , Liu Fang , Chen Da 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid application and development of high-performance carbon fiber composite material brought challenges for the recovery of composite waste. Recycling of carbon fiber composites has been particularly demanded. The bibliometric method combined with S-shaped curves and visualization tools VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied to quantitatively analyze 5979 research papers related to carbon fiber recycling in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2023. The bibliometric results show that the number of research papers related to carbon fiber recycling has increased from 23 in 2000 to 1247 in 2023. The S-shaped curve of post volume indicates that carbon fiber recovery has great potential for development in the next 20 years. In the global research on carbon fiber recycling technology, China ranks first in terms of publication volume, and the United States ranks second. Both are core countries in the international cooperation network. The evolution of keywords and hotspots indicates that the hotspots in the field of carbon fiber recycling are gradually moving towards “sustainable”, and “circular economy”. Based on patent analysis, the field of carbon fiber recycling is currently experiencing accelerated growth and will become a hot research topic in the future. There are various recycling technologies for carbon fiber composite materials, with pyrolysis as the mainstream. Mechanical recycling causes significant performance loss, while chemical methods are limited by cost. In the future, recycling technologies will focus on improving fiber performance and reducing environmental impact.

Graphical Abstract
The Spreading of Magnetic Reconnection X‐Line in Particle‐In‐Cell Simulations– Mechanism and the Effect of Drift‐Kink Instability
Authors: Lin Shan‐Chang , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Li Xiaocan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUsing three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations, we study the spread of magnetic reconnection X‐line. We show that structural asymmetries along the X‐line direction develop during its spread. On the plane of the current sheet (i.e., corresponding to the equatorial plane of the magnetotail), sharp cusp‐shaped signatures develop along the ion‐drifting direction, capturing the spread of the X‐line. The spreading is catalyzed by the lower ion pressure from the active diffusion region, and the X‐line spreads at the ion‐drifting speed of the non‐reconnecting current sheet. Along the electron‐drifting direction, the X‐line barely spreads even though the electron‐drifting speed is high within the electron diffusion region, and reconnected flux is transported toward this direction by the Hall effect. This preferential spread in the ion‐drifting direction provides an additional explanation for the higher occurrence rate of reconnection events on the dusk side in Earth's magnetotail. In contrast to the laminar X‐line, in a companion run, we demonstrate that the fluctuation and turbulence caused by drift‐kink instability only suppress the X‐line spreading. Even though the fluctuation breaks the frozen‐in condition, it does not lead to the continuous onset of reconnection adjacent to the active region.
Improving Volcanic SO2 Cloud Modeling Through Data Fusion and Trajectory Analysis: A Case Study of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Eruption
Authors: Sadeghi Bavand , Crawford Alice , Chai Tianfeng , Cohen Mark , Sieglaff Justin , Pavolonis Michael , Kim Hyun Cheol , Morris Gary 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano in the South Pacific emitted significant sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, forming a large stratospheric cloud. This study employs the HYSPLIT model, a Lagrangian atmospheric transport and dispersion model, along with satellite retrievals of cloud properties to model the long range transport of the cloud. To reduce the uncertainty and complexity of modeling the near‐source behavior of the umbrella cloud, we utilize a data insertion technique that initializes the model at a downwind plume location. Satellite retrievals provide estimates of column mass loading and plume top height, though the plume top height may be uncertain above the tropopause. Additionally, the vertical mass distribution must be estimated by making assumptions about the cloud thickness. We use a back trajectory analysis to provide better estimations of plume top height and thickness. Our findings reveal that trajectory‐derived cloud top heights substantially exceeded satellite estimates, with 60% ranging between 20 and 40 km, compared to most satellite‐derived estimates being around 15 km. Long range 5‐day forecasts produced with data insertion using the revised cloud top heights and estimated thickness are compared with forecasts using retrieved cloud top heights and an assumed simple thickness of 1 km, and a control run initiated from the vent at the eruption start time. A qualitative comparison with satellite retrievals and data from ground based lidar stationed at Réunion Island shows the use of the back trajectory analysis significantly improves the forecast.
Comparative Analysis of Performance for Optimization‐Based Transionospheric SAR Autofocus
Authors: Gilman Mikhail , Tsynkov Semyon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFor a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) operating on low frequencies (such as P‐band), turbulence in the Earth's ionosphere may cause significant phase perturbations of the interrogating signals. These perturbations depend on both the antenna and target coordinates and may lead to substantial image distortions. In our previous work, we proposed a variational approach to correcting the distortions that we called the transionospheric SAR autofocus. It required solving a complex optimization problem but performed well in numerical tests. As the optimization problem may be considered a hurdle, in the current work we compare the performance of the transionospheric SAR autofocus against that of a non‐variational approach. The latter combines partial focusing with traditional autofocus where the phase perturbations are assumed to depend only on the antenna coordinates but not the target coordinates. In most cases, the optimization‐based SAR autofocus produces images with better articulated peaks (i.e., peaks that are taller and narrower) as compared to those by the alternative approach.
Coding principles and mechanisms of serotonergic transmission modes
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Zhang Peng , Shin Mimi , Chang Yuanyu , Abbott Stephen B. G. , Venton B. Jill , Zhu J. Julius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Serotonin-mediated intercellular communication has been implicated in myriad human behaviors and diseases, yet how serotonin communicates and how the communication is regulated remain unclear due to limitations of available monitoring tools. Here, we report a method multiplexing genetically encoded sensor-based imaging and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, enabling simultaneous recordings of synaptic, perisynaptic, proximate and distal extrasynaptic serotonergic transmission. Employing this method alongside a genetically encoded sensor-based image analysis program (GESIAP), we discovered that heterogeneous firing patterns of serotonergic neurons create various transmission modes in the mouse raphe nucleus and amygdala, encoding information of firing pulse frequency, number, and synchrony using neurotransmitter quantity, releasing synapse count, and synaptic and/or volume transmission. During tonic and low-frequency phasic activities, serotonin is confined within synaptic clefts due to efficient retrieval by perisynaptic transporters, mediating synaptic transmission modes. Conversely, during high-frequency, especially synchronized phasic activities, or when transporter inhibition, serotonin may surpass transporter capacity, and escape synaptic clefts through 1‒3 outlet channels, leading to volume transmission modes. Our results elucidate a mechanism of how channeled synaptic enclosures, synaptic properties, and transporters collaborate to define the coding principles of activity pattern-dependent serotonergic transmission modes.
ALLTogether recommendations for biobanking samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Trinquand Amélie , Leveson James , Barbosa Ana Lúcia , Gameiro Paula , Vesterinen Tiina , Lammens Tim , Drost Thomas , Moorman Anthony V. , de Haas Valérie , Bond Jonathan , Boer Judith M. ,   on behalf of the Biobank Committee of the ALLTogether Consortium, de Haas Valérie , Persoon Marion , Thomson Anne , Bergenstråhle Karolin , Thastrup Maria , zur Stadt Udo , Behrmann Lena , Uyttebroeck Anne , Caye Aurélie , Strullu Marion , Jou Munoz Cristina , Castleton Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a rare and heterogeneous disease. The ALLTogether consortium has implemented a treatment protocol to improve outcome and reduce treatment-related toxicity across much of Europe. The consortium provides the opportunity to design translational research on patient material stored in national biobanks. However, there are currently no standardized guidelines for the types of material, processing, and storage for leukaemia biobanking. To address this gap, we conducted a modified Delphi survey among 53 experts in different roles related to leukaemia. The first round consisted of 63 statements asking for level of agreement. The second round refined some to reach consensus, using yes-no and multiple-option answers. Key recommendations include cryopreservation of cells from diagnosis, post-induction, post-consolidation, and relapse, with at least two aliquots of plasma and serum, and cerebrospinal fluid from diagnosis, day15, and post-induction. It was advised to distribute cells across multiple vials for various research projects, and to collect data on sample processing, cell viability, and blast percentage. Quality monitoring and user feedback were strongly recommended. The Delphi survey resulted in strong recommendations that can be used by national biobanks to harmonize storage of samples from patients with ALL and ensure high-quality cryopreserved cells for research studies.
NF-κB-mediated EAAT3 upregulation in antioxidant defense and ferroptosis sensitivity in lung cancer
Authors: Wen Donghua , Li Wenjing , Song Xiang , Hu Min , Liao Yueling , Xu Dongliang , Deng Jiong , Guo Wenzheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cellular glutathione (GSH) in lung cancer cells represents the most abundant antioxidant. GSH production is regulated not only by upregulated cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT) but also by the involvement of glutamate transporters, specifically excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3). Our prior research established that the uptake of glutamate via EAAT3 plays a pivotal role in driving cystine uptake through xCT, contributing to GSH biosynthesis during lung tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism governing the upregulation of EAAT3 remains enigmatic. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive reanalysis of publicly available data and employed the Gprc5a–/–/SR-IκB mouse model alongside in vitro cell experiments to elucidate the correlations between NF-κB and EAAT3 in lung cancer. We observed that EAAT3 knockdown, similar to NF-κB inhibition, led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased sensitivity to ferroptosis induction by RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3). Mechanistic insights were obtained through chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, revealing that NF-κB induces EAAT3 expression via two putative cis-elements within its promoter. Furthermore, our investigation unveiled the upregulation of EAAT3 in a subset of clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, exhibiting a positive correlation with the P65 protein. In addition, the inflammatory factor of smoking was found to augment EAAT3 expression in both human and murine experimental models. These findings collectively emphasize the pivotal role of the NF-κB/EAAT3 axis in managing antioxidant stress and influencing lung cancer development. Moreover, this research offers insights into the potential for a combined ferroptosis therapy strategy in lung cancer treatment.