bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: One case of precise resection of gastric glomus tumor by gastroscopy combined with laparoscopy
Authors: Yang Xuan , Guo Yunping , Yan Xiaochen , Xu Bin , Cui Zhenqin , Guo Zhuang 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGastric glomus tumor is a rare submucosal mesenchymal tumor with no distinct features on endoscopy. In clinical practice, it is often treated with laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. Here, we report a case of gastric glomus tumor successfully resected using a combination of gastroscopy and laparoscopy.Case descriptionThe patient was an elderly male who underwent gastroscopy, which revealed a submucosal mass in the gastric antrum. The lesion was suspected to be a stromal tumor. Further evaluation with computed tomography (CT) imaging indicated a space-occupying lesion in the gastric antrum, with the possibility of benign pathology. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed that the tumor originated from the muscular layer and was approximately 28.8 mm ×22.5 mm. Blood flow was detected behind the lesion, suggesting the possibility of a gastric glomus tumor. The tumor was removed using a combination of gastroscopy and laparoscopy. Postoperative pathology suggested that it was a benign gastric glomus tumor. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged 7 days later.ConclusionGastric glomus tumor is a rare submucosal tumor that should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors. A combined approach using gastroscopy and laparoscopy offers a minimally invasive and effective treatment option.
The effect of zopiclone co-administration on sertraline initial dosage optimization in pediatric major depressive disorder patients based on model-informed precision dosing
Authors: Chen Xiao , Hu Ke , Shi Hao-Zhe , He Su-Mei , Yang Yang , Yang Chao-Wen , Zhang Yue , Tian Xue , Li Ye , Gao Yu-Hang , Xu Wen-Yi , Zhang Cun , Wang Dong-Dong 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the initial dosage optimization of sertraline in pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD).MethodsA total of 111 pediatric MDD patients treated with sertraline were included for analysis using MIPD. Sertraline concentration levels, physiological and biochemical indexes of pediatric MDD patients, combined drug information were included in the construction of model.ResultsWeight and zopiclone co-administration influenced sertraline clearance in pediatric MDD patients. With the same weight, the sertraline clearance rates were 0.453:1 in patients with, or without zopiclone, respectively. Furthermore, without zopiclone, for once-daily sertraline scheme, the dosages of 4.0, and 3.0 mg/kg/day were suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–38.5, and 38.5–80 kg, respectively; for twice-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 2.0 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg. With zopiclone, for once-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg; for twice-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg.ConclusionThis study first explored the initial dosage optimization of sertraline in pediatric MDD patients based on MIPD, and recommended the optimal sertraline initial dosage in pediatric MDD patients based on zopiclone co-administration.
The efficacy and safety of qiwei baizhu san in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Quan , Liu Hongyan , Zhang Jiahong , Ouyang Yujie , Fu Xiaoxu , Xie Chunguang 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, mostly resulting from impaired insulin production and diminished glucose metabolism regulation. Qiwei Baizhu San (QWBZS) is a classic formula used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of T2DM. A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and safety of QWBZS in the treatment of T2DM is essential.MethodsThis study’s protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576129). As of August 2024, we searched eight databases to screen and include randomized controlled trials of QWBZS for T2DM. Heterogeneity sources were examined via subgroup analyses, the robustness of the results was determined by sensitivity analyses, publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test, evidence quality was appraised with GRADEpro, and possible mechanisms of QWBZS for T2DM were categorized and summarized.ResultsThis analysis encompassed 14 qualifying trials with a total of 1,169 subjects. The analytical results suggested that QWBZS, when combined with conventional treatment, was more effective than conventional treatment alone in improving FBG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. When QWBZS was used alone, it was more effective than conventional therapy in FBG, 2hPG, and HbA1c. And QWBZS could improve the overall effectiveness of clinical treatment in T2DM patients. The impact of QWBZS therapy alone on HOMA-IR and lipid metabolism remained unclear due to the limited number of trials included. Analysis of adverse events suggested that QWBZS was relatively safe.ConclusionThis study suggested that QWBZS, when combined with conventional treatment, was more effective in improving glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism compared to conventional treatment alone in individuals with T2DM. QWBZS alone also contributed to the regulation of blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, QWBZS could improve the overall effective rate of clinical treatment with a relatively high safety profile. Nevertheless, owing to the inferior quality and significant heterogeneity of the existing evidence, additional high-quality studies are requisite to furnish more dependable evidence for the future clinical application of QWBZS.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=576129, identifier [CRD42024576129].
Oxytocin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute orchitis model: interplay of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways
Authors: El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Elkattawy Hany A. , Hadhoud Shimaa , Nasr Ahmed N. , Ibrahim Ateya M. , Ameer Omar Z. , Alsaleebi Noorhan , Asfari Joud , Zakari Madaniah O. , Mojaddidi Moaz A. , Ali Ehab K. , Almohaimeed Hailah M. , Abdeen Ahmed , Ali Sahar K. , Eldesoqui Mamdouh 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionLipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a powerful inducer of systemic inflammation and has been extensively utilized in experimental models to simulate inflammatory responses and septic disorders. Recent research indicates that oxytocin (OXY), a neuropeptide typically linked to social bonding and reproductive functions, may influence inflammatory processes. This work examines the impact of OXY on LPS-induced testicular damage, aiming to elucidate its therapeutic potential in addressing inflammatory disorders and broadening the comprehension of its functions beyond conventional neuroendocrine roles.MethodsEighteen male albino rats were divided into three groups; the control group received no treatment; the LPS group received 0.5 mL of saline solution containing 5 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally (orchitis model); and the LPS + OXY group received LPS and OXY (0.1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally every 12 h for 72 h.Results and discussionAnimals subjected to LPS were found to have severe orchitis, as evidenced by increased oxidative stress and surging inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), with declined IL-10 levels. Besides, LPS increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels, inducing an oxidative stress cascade. In addition, there are dramatic increases in the TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and PK2/PKR1 protein expression levels. All these events could alter the sperm count, morphology, and testicular architecture.ConclusionInterestingly, OXY could mitigate LPS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in testicular tissue alongside restoring the disrupted sperm count, motility, and morphology. This therapeutic potential of OXY might be accounted for by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic activities.
Analysis of drug pricing drivers under South Korea’s pharmaco-economic evaluation exemption policy (2015–2022)
Authors: Yu Seung Rae , Lee Jong Hyuk 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study analysed the characteristics of new drugs listed under the pharmaco-economic evaluation exemption (PEE) system from 2015 to 2022 in South Korea and examined the factors influencing the pricing decisions under this system.MethodsA mixed-methods statistical approach was used to comprehensively evaluate the factors influencing drug pricing under PEE system. Descriptive statistics provide an overview of the dataset, while inferential statistics, including t-tests and Pearson’s correlation analyses, are used to explore variable associations. Multiple and hierarchical regression models identify and quantify the key determinants of drug prices, controlling for multicollinearity among the variables.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2022, 30 new drugs were listed under the PEE system. The average annual number of new drugs was four, but this figure significantly increased to eight in 2022. The “KOR/A7 lowest” variable exhibited a strong negative correlation with the budget impact variable (coefficient: 0.838, P &lt; 0.001), indicating that drugs with higher budget impact tend to have lower prices compared to the A7 countrie’s lowest price.ConclusionSince the introduction of the PEE system in South Korea, patient access to new drugs has significantly improved. However, the rising expenditure on pharmaceuticals has made budget impact a significant consideration in pricing decisions, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring of drug expenditure by payers. As the system evolves, enhanced oversight and policy adjustments will be crucial for balancing cost containment with equitable patient access. Developing tiered RSA models based on drug classification or therapeutic impact could be a viable approach to achieving this balance.
Analysis of factors influencing the awareness of inpatients regarding hospital clinical pharmacy services and willingness to pay: a multicenter survey in Hebei Province, China
Authors: Yang Ruixia , Wang Xin , Wu Huizhen , Sun Qian , Zhang Sijie , Dong Qian , Li Mengjiao , Xu Xiaoli , Bai Jing , Liang Ping , Hou Juan 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPharmacists are increasingly adopting patient-centered roles, improving healthcare outcomes by reducing medication errors and costs. In China, recent healthcare reforms recognize and compensate for pharmacy services. However, patient awareness of these services and their willingness to pay (WTP) remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to examine inpatient understanding of pharmacy services, their WTP in Hebei Province, and the factors affecting it.MethodsBetween July and August 2024, a questionnaire was used to survey inpatients from 22 medical institutions across 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province regarding their awareness of WTP for pharmacy services. Further investigation targeted inpatients unwilling to pay. The survey results were analyzed descriptively, with frequencies and percentages (%) used for categorical data and continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD). The chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant influences, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant factors affecting inpatient WTP for pharmacy services. A column-line graph was validated using receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration graph analysis.ResultsIn total, 464 questionnaires were distributed, with 432 valid responses, yielding a 93.10% effective response rate. Most inpatients (89.58%) viewed hospital pharmacists as primarily responsible for dispensing medication, while only 5.79% were aware of broader pharmacy services. Despite this, 72.69% of the inpatients were willing to receive pharmacy services, and 95.38% of those who had received such services found them beneficial. Half of the inpatients (216, or 50.00%) indicated WTP for pharmacy services. Among those initially unwilling to pay (216 inpatients), 102 indicated they would consider payment if a doctor recommended clinical pharmacist guidance. Of the 318 inpatients who were WTP, 315 (99.06%) chose health insurance reimbursement as a payment method. Key factors influencing inpatient WTP included literacy level, preferred source of medication counseling, prior pharmacy service experience, understanding of pharmacy service policies, and readiness to recommend these services (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionMost inpatients lacked knowledge and trust in clinical pharmacists, with limited awareness of the value of pharmacy services. However, they demonstrated high acceptance and WTP for these services, with nearly all inpatients preferring health insurance reimbursement. Integrating pharmacy service fees into health insurance is crucial for promoting these services.
Kinetic-pharmacodynamic model to predict post-rituximab B-cell repletion as a predictor of relapse in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Li Ziwei , Shen Qian , Xu Hong , Li Zhiping 
Published: January 2025

PurposeRituximab has proven efficacy in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). However, vast majority of children inevitably experience relapse with B-cell repletion, necessitating repeat course of rituximab, which may increase the risk of adverse effects. The timing of additional dosing and optional dosing regimen of rituximab in pediatric patients with INS have yet to be determined. This study aimed to identify factors that influence disease relapse and B-cell repletion to provide tailored treatment.MethodsLASSO and random survival forest were performed on 143 children to screen covariates which were then included in Cox regression model to determine the biomarkers of relapse and establish a nomogram. A kinetic-pharmacodynamic (K-PD) model was developed in 59 children to characterize the time course of CD19+ B-cell after rituximab treatment. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to explore a mini-dose regimen with larger intervals.ResultsNomogram contained 7 predictors of relapse including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, duration of B-cell depletion, duration of disease, urine immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio, urine transferrin, duration of maintenance immunosuppressant and hemoglobin. As a direct PD indicator, each 1-month increase of duration of B-cell depletion decreased risk of relapse by 21.4% (HR = 0.786; 95% CI: 0.635–0.972; p = 0.026). The K-PD model predicted t1/2 (CV%) of rituximab and CD19+ B-cell to be 11.6 days (17%) and 173.3 days (22%), respectively. Immunoglobulin A is an important covariate of ED50. Simulation of a mini-dose regimen with larger intervals (three 150 mg every 2 monthly) indicted longer B-cell depletion time (&gt;7 months) compared to standard regimen.ConclusionThe nomogram indicated optimal infusion timing before relapse and the K-PD model provided tailored rituximab regimens for children with INS to reduce safety risks and financial burden.
Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) tuber development
Authors: Lin Yanhui , Li Yapeng , Zhu Honglin , Tang Liqiong , Xu Jing 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionSweet potato is an important food, feed and industrial raw material, and its tubers are rich in starch, carotenoids and anthocyanins.MethodsTo elucidate the gene expression regulation and metabolic characteristics during the development of sweet potato tubers, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed on the tubers of three different sweet potato varieties at three developmental stages (70, 100, and 130 days (d)).ResultsRNA-seq analysis revealed that 16,303 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into 12 clusters according to their expression patterns, and the pathways of each cluster were annotated. A total of 9118 DEGs were divided into three categories during the same developmental period. A total of 1566 metabolites were detected, which were mainly divided into 12 categories. DEGs and differentially regulated metabolites (DRMs) were significantly enriched in the starch and sucrose metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The DEGs associated with the flavonoid pathway showed greater expression with the development of tubers, with the highest expression occurring at 130 d; chalcone isomerase (CHI) was a key gene associated with 11 flavonoid compounds. The DEGs associated with the starch pathway presented relatively low expression during the development of tubers, with the highest expression occurring at 70 d; UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UPG2) and glycogen synthase (glgA) were able to regulate the key genes of 8 metabolites related to the starch biosynthesis pathway. The anthocyanin content is directly related to changes in the content of peonidin-3-O-(6”-O-feruloyl)sophoroside-5-O-glucoside, which is regulated by the IbCHI gene. The abundance of this starch is directly related to changes in the content of D-glucose 6-phosphate and is regulated by the IbUGP2 and IbglgA genes. A total of 14 candidate genes related to starch, carotenoids and anthocyanins in sweet potato tubers, including the IbCHI, IbUGP2 and IbglgA genes, were identified via weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA).ConclusionThis research provides fresh insights into the levels of anthocyanins, starch, and carotenoids throughout the growth of sweet potato tubers and sheds light on the potential regulatory pathways and candidate genes involved in this developmental progression.
The effect of reward and voluntary choice on the motor learning of serial reaction time task
Authors: Quan Yanghui , Wang Jiayue , Wang Yandong , Kang Guanlan 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveReward and voluntary choice facilitate motor skill learning through motivation. However, it remains unclear how their combination influences motor skill learning. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of reward and voluntary choice on motor skill learning in a serial reaction time task (SRTT).MethodsParticipants completed six parts of SRTT, including pre-test, training phase, immediate post-test, a random session, delayed post-test, and retention test on the following day. During the training phase, participants were divided into four groups (reward_choice, reward_no-choice, no-reward_choice, no-reward_no-choice). In the reward condition, participants received reward for correct and faster (than a baseline) responses while those in the no-reward groups did not. For the choice manipulation, participants in the voluntary choice groups chose the color of the target, whereas in the forced choice groups, the same color was assigned by the computer.ResultsThe results showed that the four groups did not exhibit any significant differences in reaction time and error rate in the pre-test phase. Importantly, both reward and voluntary choice significantly enhanced sequence-specific learning effects, while no interaction was found. No significant effects of reward and voluntary choice were observed in the retention test.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that reward and voluntary choice enhance motor skill performance and training independently, potentially at the action-selection level, which implies different mechanisms underlying the influences of reward and voluntary choice.
Investigation of the relationship between mental health and physical activity among university students
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad , Abualait Turki 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPhysical activity refers to all bodily movement performed by an individual from morning to night. Physical activity benefits not only physical health but also mental health. Physical activity benefits university students in many ways.AimsThis study aimed to determine the effects of physical activity on university students’ mental health.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was conducted with two hundred sixty-five university students. Physical activity level was determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and mental health among university students was determined using the mental health inventory. Data was collected by online mode. For statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient test was used, while analysis of variance was used to determine the difference between participants as per their physical activity levels classification. Statistically significant was observed at 0.05 level.ResultsThe results showed that a statistically positive significant relationship existed between physical activity and mental health (r = 0.343, p = &lt;0.001) and its parameters: anxiety (r = 0.542, p = &lt;0.001), depression (r = 0.691, p = &lt;0.001), positive effects (r = 0.476, p = &lt;0.001), behavioral control (r = 0.174, p = 0.004). While comparing the difference between participants as par physical activity level classification, significant differences existed for anxiety (F = 2.96, p = 0.052), depression (F = 4.23, p = 0.041), positive effects (F = 3.22, p = 0.048), behavioral control (F = 3.14, p = 0.058), and mental health (F = 4.65, p = 0.044).ConclusionThe findings suggest that interventions promoting physical activity can serve as effective strategies for mental health promotion in academic settings. Universities should consider integrating structured physical activity programs into their curricula and campus life to leverage these mental health benefits.
Demographic influences on Lithuanian physicians’ attitudes toward medical assistance in dying: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bachmetjev Benedikt , Airapetian Artur , Jakubauskienė Marija , Zablockis Rolandas , Čekanauskaitė Asta 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe topic of end-of-life decisions is important due to aging populations and the rising number of terminal illnesses like cancer. As more people experience suffering, the ethical, medical, and legal debates of these decisions become significant to healthcare policy. Understanding medical professionals’ attitudes is critical for shaping responsible practices and legislation surrounding end-of-life care.MethodsThis cross-sectional study explores the attitudes of Lithuanian physicians toward medical assistance in dying (MAID), including euthanasia and assisted suicide (E/PAS), as well as other end-of-life decisions such as Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) orders and Living Wills, including decisions involving patients diagnosed with mental illnesses. A survey of 361 physicians in Lithuanian hospitals was conducted between October 2022 and July 2024, using hospital intranets and on-site distribution to guarantee representative sample. The survey included demographic factors such as age, gender, religious beliefs, and professional experience. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and R software. Chi-square tests, Fisher’s exact tests, and logistic regression models were made to determine relationships, with significance set at p &lt; 0.05.ResultsThe analysis showed that 61.2% of physicians supported assisted suicide for terminally ill patients, while only 19.1% supported it for patients with drug-resistant mental illness. Similarly, 61.5% supported euthanasia for terminal illness. Age, religious beliefs, and professional experience were significant determinants of support, with younger and non-religious physicians more likely to endorse E/PAS. Additionally, 92.2% of respondents supported DNR orders with patient consent, though this dropped to 63.1% without patient consent.ConclusionsLithuanian physicians’ attitudes toward E/PAS and other end-of-life decisions are strongly influenced by ethical, religious, and professional considerations. Significantly lower acceptance for psychiatric patients indicates higher sensitivity regarding mental competency and the ethics of E/PAS in such cases. These findings provide important insights for policymakers and healthcare providers in crafting informed and ethical E/PAS guidelines.