bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitrust Fines and Limitation Periods After the Implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/1 Throughout Member States: Focus on French and Polish Perspectives
Authors: Knapp Magdalena , Costa Cunha Diogo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe article focuses on the issue of implementation of Directive 2019/1 to empower the competition authorities of the Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. It discusses recent developments in competition law with a special focus on fining powers of the national competition authorities (NCAs). The article compares different approaches adopted by EU Members States, with a special focus on Poland and France, to implement provisions of the ECN+ Directive referring to antitrust fines and limitation periods. The article sheds light on the process of implementation and problems encountered by national legislators. This article analyses steps taken towards uniformity in this area of law within the EU. It contributes to the research on how NCAs approach the enforcement of competition law and ensure the deterrent effect of antitrust fines. The conclusions cast doubt on the effectiveness of raising the level of fines as a means of enhancing enforcement if it is not supported by other measures such as a coherent fining policy or sanctions ensuring compliance. The methodology used in the article includes descriptive research based on an analysis of relevant provisions of national law and EU law relating to fining powers of NCAs.
From the wild to the field: effect of foliar or soil application of inorganic or semi-organic fertilizers on various parameters of four local endemic plant species of Crete (Greece)
Authors: Bilias Fotis , Ipsilantis Ioannis , Samara Eftihia , Tsoktouridis Georgios , Glavakis Evangelos , Grigoriadou Katerina , Krigas Nikos , Matsi Theodora 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDomestication of wild plant species of interest coupled with introduction of pilot cultivation practices and appropriate fertilization schemes could be an efficient alternative for addressing sustainable exploitation needs of threatened and/or declining wild phytogenetic resources. In this field study focusing on four threatened wild-growing plants (Carlina diae, Origanum dictamnus, Origanum microphyllum, and Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca) confined to Crete (local endemics), the effects of three types of fertilization (inorganic, plain semi-organic or co-applied with commercial biostimulants based on edible raw plant materials) by two methods (foliar/soil application) on plants’ growth were investigated. Specifically, plant parameters such as aboveground biomass yield, content and uptake of nutrients by plants as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization were evaluated. Results revealed a distinction in plants’ multi-elemental stoichiometry, except in the case of Origanum species, in which the variance of their ionomics showed a significant overlap. The elements most closely related to yield were K and Zn, while Pearson tests showed various correlations between studied essential nutrients. Among them, the positive correlations between B and Ca, and Mg (with r value up to 0.9 at p ≤ 0.001, in all studied species except O. dictamnus); the negative correlations between K and Mg (in O. dictamnus and S. syriaca subsp. Syriaca, r = − 0.5 at p ≤ 0.001); and the positive correlation patterns between Fe and Mn, or Cu and Zn, respectively (in all studied species) , were observed. Biostimulant application alone or in combination with semi-organic fertilizers increased the yield of C. diae (up to 161%) and of the two Origanum species studied (up to 70% and 68% for O. dictamnus and for O. microphyllum, respectively), while inorganic fertilization was beneficial for S. syriaca subsp. syriaca (up to 170% increase) and O. microphyllum (up to 79% increase). However, no solid conclusions could be derived in respect of the preference of the four species for any fertilizers' application method (foliar or by soil).
An investigation of compliant contact force models applied for analysis of simultaneous, multi-zone impacts of particles
Authors: Warzecha Mariusz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompliant contact force models were developed and mainly used to investigate simple impacts of two bodies. It is therefore unclear how they will perform in more complex cases, where simultaneous, multi-zone impact may occur. The aim of this study is to investigate phenomena that occur in such impacts and to study the effectiveness of preselected contact force models in their modelling. For this purpose, the study addressed collisions that occur in a collinear system of 3 to 6 particles made of steel, aluminium, and bronze. The results obtained for each force model were referenced to the FEM analysis. To compare the performance of the models, the Benchmark Velocity Indicator (BVI) is proposed. The study showed that during simultaneous, multi-zone impact direct switch from the restitution to compression phases may occur and subsequent collision along the same normal may take place. Such phenomena are not incorporated in current compliant contact force models; therefore, the study showed the need for their further improvement. The best models proposed by Kogut and Etsion (KE) and Jackson and Green (JG) achieved average errors equal to 3.89% and 4.15%, respectively. However, the same models in their worst cases reached error values of 38.66% and 33.77%. The article concludes with proposals for future improvements.
A survey on Lyapunov functions for epidemic compartmental models
Authors: Cangiotti Nicolò , Capolli Marco , Sensi Mattia , Sottile Sara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this survey, we propose an overview on Lyapunov functions for a variety of compartmental models in epidemiology. We exhibit the most widely employed functions, and provide a commentary on their use. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive starting point to readers who are attempting to prove global stability of systems of ODEs. The focus is on mathematical epidemiology, however some of the functions and strategies presented in this paper can be adapted to a wider variety of models, such as prey–predator or rumor spreading.
A federated learning algorithm using parallel-ensemble method on non-IID datasets
Authors: Yu Haoran , Wu Chang , Yu Haixin , Wei Xuelin , Liu Siyan , Zhang Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional federated learning algorithms suffer from considerable performance reduction with non-identically and independently distributed datasets. This paper proposes a federated learning algorithm based on parallel-ensemble learning, which improves performance for image classification on these datasets. The training process of this algorithm includes basic federation learning and meta federation learning. First, several basic models are trained through cross-validation of federated learning, and then the meta-model is trained using the prediction results of the validation sets. In the training process, the training of different basic models is parallel. In prediction, meta-model is used to aggregate the output of the basic models to get the final prediction results. Our algorithm can achieve higher accuracy than traditional federated learning when using non-independent identically distributed datasets for image classification. Our algorithm aggregates different models through federated learning based on parallel-ensemble method, and improves the image classification performance of federated learning on non-independent identically distributed datasets.
Study on the dynamic pore water pressure model of centerline tailings sand based on dynamic triaxial tests
Authors: Huang Xin , Cai Xiaoguang , Yang Pan , Zheng Xuexin , Zhang Shaoqiu , Bo Jingshan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increase of pore water pressure under a dynamic load is an important reason for the vibration liquefaction of saturated sand. Therefore, studying the dynamic pore water pressure model of tailings sand plays an important role in the seismic liquefaction analysis of tailings ponds. In this paper, the dynamic pore water pressure development characteristics of tailings fine sand and tailings silt in a tailings pond with the centerline method are studied by dynamic triaxial tests. The research results show that the liquefaction dynamic pore pressure ratio of tailings fine sand shows a trend of "rising–smooth–rising" with increasing vibration frequency ratio, and the liquefaction dynamic pore-pressure ratio of tailings silt shows an approximate linear and stable increasing trend. According to the development law of dynamic pore pressure, a new tailings sand pore pressure stress model is proposed in this paper, and the fitting effect is compared with four different pore pressure models, which verifies the applicability of the new model to predict the growth of dynamic pore pressure in tailings and silt.
Timing der Pubertät
Authors: Gottardi-Butturini Elena 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Zeitpunkt des Pubertätsbeginns ist von Kind zu Kind verschieden. Es zeigen sich familiäre und ethnische Merkmale sowie ein säkularer Trend, welche dem zeitlichen Aspekt einen gewissen Rahmen verleihen. Dennoch ist der Schritt in die Pubertät im einzelnen Kind nicht so leicht vorherzusagen, da viele individuelle endogene und exogene Elemente einen Einfluss haben. Wie ist die große zeitliche Variabilität des Pubertätsbeginns zu erklären? Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine kurze Übersicht über jene Faktoren zu geben, die im Timing der Pubertät eine bedeutende Rolle spielen.
Pre-service teachers’ experiences of affective nature connection through intentional pedagogies on an extended expedition
Authors: Hayward David , Smith Heidi A. , Moltow David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmotion plays a significant role in the human experience. Nevertheless, emotion (as an attribute of the affective domain), is often side-lined in formal learning environments (including Higher Education) in favour of a focus on the cognitive. This paper shares findings of a research project involving pre-service outdoor education teachers as they affectively experienced connections with nature on an extended expedition, while exposed to intentional nature connection pedagogies. It achieves this through the lens of the current shifts in outdoor education practice and pedagogy specifically, and curriculum and educational policies more broadly. The research was conducted as a case study, within a constructivist paradigm. The collection of data involved in-field observations on a six-day expedition, participant interviews, and researcher reflective journals. The data was analysed inductively which revealed a novel framework: the Affective Nature Connection Matrix. Through this matrix, the affective nature connection wave and heartbeat emerged. This theoretically derived and practice informed model highlighted the collective similarity of the expedition experiences, while acknowledging that these experiences were individually subjective. All participants experienced a rise and fall of affective nature connection, the wave, within individual and collective critical moments, the heartbeats, in response to intentional learning experiences which directly impacted and resulted in a deepened connection to self, others and nature.
Design of the semi-closed die for shaping the thick coin-like carbon steel parts in a single operation
Authors: Jhonthong Napatsakorn , Talangkun Sukangkana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current study strives to improve the precision and accuracy of a die and reduce unnecessary production steps. Upset cold forging for thick coin-like carbon steel parts were studied and redesigned for a single operation. The slug used in this experiment was an annealed AISI 1020 carbon steel bar sheared into cylinders having a height to diameter ratio (h0/d0) of 2.07. The design problem is to prevent an inclined slug surface due to surface roughness when it is loaded in the die cavity. The redesigned die is semi-closed with a fixed support at a position 0.25 of the initial height of the slug. Six springs were employed to set the start-to-finish position during forging. The results showed that slugs with rough and uneven surfaces, with an h0/d0ratio of 2.07, could successfully undergo a single forging. Furthermore, the upset forged coin was designed to have a straight 2.4 mm outer edge, providing area for a set of mechanical fingers to grasp the workpiece during transfer to subsequent steps in the work process of a vertical and/or horizontal forging die set.
Patients with CKD Secondary to Glomerular Disorders have Lower Arterial Stiffness, as Compared to Hypertensive and Diabetic CKD
Authors: Lencovsky Ori , Angel-Korman Avital , Glasswine Erick , Tal-Ben Ishay Rotem , Amital Mor , Kukuy Olga , Leiba Adi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifested as reduced GFR and/or albuminuria, has been known to accelerate arterial stiffness and early vascular aging (EVA). Diabetes, hypertension, and glomerular disorders are the leading causes of CKD and renal failure.
The question which etiology contributes more to this vascular phenomenon-hypertensive and diabetic CKD or CKD secondary to immune-mediated glomerulonephritis—remained unclear.

Objective
To compare pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, between CKD patients of different etiologies: hypertensive and diabetic nephrosclerosis. vs. CKD secondary to glomerular disorders.

Methods
Clinical data were collected on 56 patients followed at the Nephrology and Hypertension Institute in Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital. All patients had at least one visit at our Nephrology clinics prior to recruitment. All patients with a glomerular disorder had a clinical-pathological diagnosis based on a recent kidney biopsy.
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured using a validated Sphygmocor XCEL® device. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare PWV between hypertensive/diabetic CKD and CKD secondary to glomerular disorders.

Results
PWV was significantly higher in the hypertensive/diabetic CKD group, compared to the CKD-GN group, with an average of. 12.2 m/s vs 8.3 m/s, respectively (p < 0.001).
In a multivariate linear regression model, having CKD secondary to glomerulonephritis was associated with a significantly lower PWV (B = − 3.262, p < 0.001), compared with CKD secondary to hypertension and diabetes, with adjustment of age, creatinine, and comorbidities.

Conclusion
CKD Patients secondary to glomerulonephritis, have lower PWV when compared to CKD patients with diabetes and/or hypertension, even after adjusting for age, renal function, and the presence of comorbidities. It is intriguing to further study the possible protective role of immunosuppression on the arterial properties of CKD patients.
Dynamics of starch degradation and expression of related genes during chilling stress in grapevine
Authors: Zhou Huimin , Li Qingyun , Gichuki Duncan Kiragu , Hou Yujun , Fan Peige , Gong Linzhong , Xin Haiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrost in late spring is one form of environmental stress that severely damages grapevines. Starch is a major product of photosynthesis that plays essential roles in many biological processes in plants. The dynamics of starch metabolism and related gene expression in the leaves of grapevine during chilling stress have remained unclear. Here, starch metabolism in the leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon was characterized under normal (25℃) and late-spring frost mimic (4℃) conditions. The results from anthracenone colorimetry, iodine staining and ultrathin sectioning are consistent with a low temperature during the night inhibiting the degradation of starch. Four α-amylases (AMY) and ten β-amylases (BAM) genes were identified in the V. vinifera genome (PN40024). Low nighttime temperatures downregulated the expression of genes that encode amylases relative to optimal nighttime temperatures. The expression of other genes with functions related to starch degradation, such as like starch excess four 1 (LSF1) and isoamylase 3 (ISA3), was induced by low temperature. The glucose, sucrose, maltose, and fructose contents increased in plants grown under low-temperature conditions with less consumption of starch, indicating complex regulation of soluble sugars. The findings here provide clues that will lead to enhanced frost tolerance of grapevine leaves by modifying the starch degradation pathway.
Public attitudes toward the use of technology to create new types of animals and animal products
Authors: Ryan Erin B , Weary Daniel M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Philosophers have used thought experiments to examine contentious examples of genetic modification. We hypothesised that these examples would prove useful in provoking responses from lay participants concerning technological interventions used to address welfare concerns. We asked 747 US and Canadian citizens to respond to two scenarios based on these thought experiments: genetically modifying chickens to produce blind progeny that are less likely to engage in feather-pecking (BC); and genetically modifying animals to create progeny that do not experience any subjective state (i.e. incapable of experiencing pain or fear; IA). For contrast, we assessed a third scenario that also resulted in the production of animal protein with no risk of suffering but did not involve genetically modifying animals: the development of cultured meat (CM). Participants indicated on a seven-point scale how acceptable they considered the technology (1 = very wrong to do; 7 = very right to do), and provided a text-based, open-ended explanation of their response. The creation of cultured meat was judged more acceptable than the creation of blind chickens and insentient animals. Qualitative responses indicated that some participants accepted the constraints imposed by the thought experiment, for example, by accepting perceived harms of the technology to achieve perceived benefits in reducing animal suffering. Others expressed discomfort with such trade-offs, advocating for other approaches to reducing harm. We conclude that people vary in their acceptance of interventions within existing systems, with some calling for transformational change.
Intergenerational Justice as a Lever to Impact Climate Policies: Lessons from the Complainants’ Perspective on Germany’s 2021 Climate Constitutional Ruling
Authors: Steinkamp Till 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClimate litigation based on the constitutional rights of future generations is an emerging and promising approach to enforcing long-term policies based on intergenerational and climate justice. In Germany, a high-profile constitutional judgment triggered by climate activists ruled that the German climate policy infringes future freedom rights. Based on an assessment of legal opportunity structures and interviews with key actors, this research finds that the complainants utilised the opportunity to facilitate a strong public perception of intergenerational injustice set by the Fridays for Future movement. While the court’s response in the form of the intertemporal effect doctrine is ambiguous and does not constitute clear fundamental rights of future generations, the complainants reached their strategic goal to directly influence policymakers and draw public attention to the issue of climate protection as an intergenerational responsibility. An interplay of four different legal arguments and numerous actors associated with the climate movement was crucial to triggering this outcome. These findings from a sociolegal bottom-up perspective are of great relevance as they show that impactful climate litigation through intergenerational principles relies on the strategic utilisation of the cultural context beyond the legal sphere.
Do Fiscal Transfers Affect Local Democracy? Lessons from Chilean Municipalities
Authors: Alberti Carla , Díaz-Rioseco Diego , Riveros Ignacio 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTExtant literature concurs that fiscal transfers affect local democracy when they grant subnational governments nontax revenue. Yet there is nonetheless a mismatch between this concept and existing measures, which consider the whole transfers local governments receive, including both tax and nontax revenue. This article studies the Fondo Común Municipal (FCM), the most important intergovernmental grant in Chile, and provides a novel measure of nontax revenue. It uses this measure alongside the whole FCM transfer to test the rentier hypothesis. On the one hand, it shows that both measures increase the incumbent party vote share, although the effect of our measure is smaller. On the other hand, it finds that the FCM transfer has an impact on the probability of reelection and the competitiveness of elections, but this effect disappears when using our measure. Overall, the findings suggest that rents from transfers do not lead to strong electoral dominance in unitary states.
Reproductive compatibility among sympatric and allopatric isofemale lines of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879
Authors: Coelho Aloisio , Vieira Jaci Mendes , Rugman-Jones Paul F. , Querino Ranyse Barbosa , Moral Rafael de Andrade , Parra José Roberto Postali , Stouthamer Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study evaluated the reproductive compatibility of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879, through an integrative approach using biological data and morphometry of three isofemale lines (isolines) collected from two geographical areas. These isolines differed in sequences of mitochondrial DNA and reproductive performance in the laboratory. The wasps used to initiate the isolines were collected in different environments: two lines from a Mediterranean climate in Irvine, California, USA, and one line from a tropical climate in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Reproductive compatibility was studied by evaluating the sex ratio and number of adult offspring produced of all mating combinations between adults from these isolines. Morphometry was studied by measuring 26 taxonomically useful characters, followed by a multivariate analysis. For the allopatric matings among Brazilian and North American isolines, a low level of crossing incompatibility was recorded, in only one direction of the crosses; whereas the sympatric North American isolines were incompatible in both directions. Multivariate analysis of the morphometric data indicated no distinct groups, suggesting that despite the genetic and biological differences, the isofemale lines are morphologically similar.
Refining southwestern Atlantic peppermint shrimp biodiversity: description of a new species ofLysmata(Decapoda: Lysmatidae) using an integrative systematic approach
Authors: Guéron Rodrigo , Baeza J. Antonio , Bochini Gabriel Lucas , Terossi Mariana , Almeida Alexandre Oliveira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrently, 14 of the 50 species ofLysmataare known to possess a long accessory branch with more than two articles. Historically,Lysmata intermediaandLysmata mooreiwere the only two ‘long-branch’ species inhabiting the southwestern Atlantic. Here we describe, based on morphological, molecular and colour pattern data, a new species ofLysmatapossessing a long accessory branch from Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Our maximum-likelihood analysis recoveredLysmata elisasp. n. as a sister species toLysmata jundalini. Both species are closely related toLysmata holthuisiandL. intermedia. The four aforementioned species comprise theL. intermediaspecies complex. The new species may be morphologically distinguished from the other closely related species by different sets of characters, which include details of the dorsolateral antennular flagellum, armature of ischium of the second pair of pereiopods, intraorbital process shape and relative proportions of pereiopods. Our results reinforce the importance of refining biodiversity data through the application of integrative taxonomic approaches to expand the knowledge of local and global biodiversity. The biodiversity ofLysmatadeserves special attention, as they are intensively exploited in the aquarium trade.