bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric T2‐weighted spin echo imaging with improved SNR using localized quadratic encoding and a spiral readout trajectory
Authors: Kim Dahan , Wang Dinghui , Chao Tzu‐cheng , Campeau Norbert , Pipe James G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate T2‐weighted (single‐echo) spin‐echo (SE) imaging with near‐optimal acquisition efficiency by applying SNR‐efficient RF slice encoding and spiral readout.MethodsA quadratic‐phase (frequency swept) excitation RF pulse replaced the conventional excitation in T2‐weighted SE sequence to excite a thick slab that is internally spatially encoded by a variable phase along the slice direction. Highly overlapping slabs centered at every desired slice location were acquired in multiple passes, such that the entire imaging volume was excited by contiguous slabs in any given pass. Following 90° excitation, each slab was refocused with a conventional 180° RF to produce a SE signal, followed by a spiral in‐out readout. A noise‐insensitive reconstruction removed the quadratic phase in the spatial frequency domain, yielding desired slice resolution and improved SNR.ResultsIncreasing the RF frequency sweep (hence, excitation width) allowed more frequent encoding of each slice over the multiple passes, improving final image SNR, until crosstalk ensued at excessive slab widths compared to their center‐to‐center spacing. With an optimized slab width, the proposed technique used all passes to acquire every prescribed slice, with substantially improved SNR over conventional SE or 2D‐turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) scans. Quantitative SNR measurements indicated similar SNR as 3D‐TSE, but radiologist scoring favored 3D‐TSE, mainly because of spiral‐related artifacts and possibly because of regularized reconstructions in 3D‐TSE.ConclusionUsing SNR‐efficient slice excitation scheme and spiral readout helped eliminate SNR and temporal inefficiencies in conventional T2‐weighted imaging, yielding SNR independent of TR or number of passes.
How should prospective research be designed to legitimately assess the value of urodynamic studies in female urinary incontinence?
Authors: Tarcan Tufan , Finazzi‐Agrò Enrico , Kessler Thomas M. , Serati Maurizio , Solomon Eskinder , Rosier Peter F. W. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsSince formal evidence demonstrating the value of urodynamic studies (UDS) in functional urology remains elusive, we aimed to consider how best to design robust research for this purpose in female urinary incontinence.MethodsAn expert group was convened to debate the following considerations: (a) precedents for formally proving the value of a gold standard diagnostic test, (b) key research principles, (c) defining a study population, (d) selecting endpoints, (e) defining interventional and controls arms, (f) blinding, (g) powering the study, and (h) duration of follow‐up. In each case, we considered the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches in terms of scientific validity, ethical acceptability, practicality, and likelihood of bias.ResultsWe agreed that unlike evaluating therapies, attempting to judge the value of a diagnostic test based on eventual treatment success is conceptually flawed. Nonetheless, we explored the design of a hypothetical randomized controlled trial for this purpose, agreeing that: (1) the study population must sufficiently reflect its real‐world counterpart; (2) clinical endpoints should include not only continence status but also other lower urinary tract symptoms and risks of management; (3) participants in the interventional arm should receive individualized management based on their UDS findings; (4) the most scientifically valid approach to the control arm—empiric treatment—is ethically problematic; (5) sufficient statistical power is imperative; and (6) ≥ 2 years' follow‐up is needed to assess the long‐term impact of management.ConclusionsAlthough a perfect protocol does not exist, we recommend careful consideration of our observations when reflecting on past studies or planning new prospective research.
Current topics in pediatric enteral nutrition safety
Authors: Murayi Judy‐April O. , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnteral nutrition is a cornerstone of nutrition support therapy in patients of all ages and across the care continuum. Safe delivery of enteral nutrition to patients is paramount. This review article will focus on current topics in enteral nutrition safety primarily in children including safety with home‐made blenderized feeds, recent infant and enteral formula shortages largely due to formula contamination at the manufacturer level, and concerns with importing infant formulas.
Rolling preparation process and interface toughening mechanism of Al/CFRTP/Al composite laminates
Authors: Wang Aidong , Wang Jian , Wang Tao , Qiao Tianqi , Xiong Lang , Ding Zijun , Wang Chongyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, a highly efficient method for preparing Al/CFRTP/Al composite laminates by roller preparation was proposed. Three different surface treatments, namely, anodic oxidation, laser texture and surface modification, were used to improve the strength of the metal‐fiber interface. Results show that composite laminates can be prepared efficiently by using reasonable roll pressing technology. The composite laminates with a thickness of 3 mm has good shear strength when the reduction amount is 0.02 mm. Laser texturing increases the contact area at the laminate interface. The surface roughness of Al alloy sheet is improved after laser texture. Moreover, the matrix in the fiber layer of the laminate can be embedded in the gullies formed by the laser texture to form a mechanical interlocking structure. The shear strength of the laminates was further increased when the laser scanning spacing was 2 mm. The highest shear strength of the laminate is 52.4 MPa after using a coupling agent to modify the surface of the Al alloy sheet. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that a new chemical bond was generated at the interface between CFRTP and the Al alloy sheet modified with silane coupling agent, thereby forming a molecular bridge among different materials. Mechanical interlocking structure and the generation of new chemical bonds cause the interface to need to absorb more energy during the failure process, which is conducive to the improvement of the interface strength.Highlights
Propose roller pressing to prepare Al/CFRTP/Al composite laminates.
Effect of laser texture of the laminates interface is clarified.
Mechanism of coupling agents at the interface has been elucidated.
Efficient preparation of thermoplastic fiber metal laminates has been achieved.
Preparation of novel hollow metal organic framework for enhancing flame retardancy of paraffin/EP thermal energy storage materials
Authors: Wang Xiu , Yan Meiling , Yu Jun , Luo Weiang , Chen Guorong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParaffin is a potential thermal energy storage material, but leakage and flammability are the two major problems affecting its storage and safe use. Here, a novel flame retarded paraffin/epoxy resin composite was developed by using paraffin, epoxy resin and hollow metal organic framework (W‐UiO66‐PPA) as thermal energy storage material, supporting material and flame retardant, respectively. The thermal energy storage and flame retardancy performances were examined with differential scanning calorimetry, vertical burning, limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. The results show that the paraffin/epoxy resin retains intact without leakage when the content of paraffin reaches 40 wt%, and this material exhibits high melting latent heat and remarkable thermal recycling property. In addition, the flame retarded paraffin/epoxy resin shows excellent flame retardancy, which is attributed to the following three aspects: (1) the hollow structure with open vertices of W‐UiO66 is capable of absorbing and collecting the combustible gasses produced by the combustion of epoxy resin; (2) the Zr and W elements of W‐UiO66 can facilitate catalytic charring and form a dense char layer; (3) phosphorous‐containing free radicals are able to capture OH· and O· free radicals during the combustion of paraffin and epoxy resin, thus interrupting the combustion chain reaction. On the whole, the flame retarded paraffin/EP possesses excellent thermal energy storage, thermal recycling, and flame retardancy properties. Our work provides a fantastic inspiration for the rational design of other flame retarded form‐stable phase change materials.
Influence of resident involvement on fluoroscopy time and ionizing radiation exposure in fluoroscopy‐guided spinal procedures
Authors: Soucy Béatrice , Lee Dillon , Moreau‐Bourbonnais Amélie , Filiatrault Marc , Denis Isabelle , Chang Min Cheol , Boudier‐Revéret Mathieu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFluoroscopic guidance has become the standard for a variety of medical procedures. Mastering these techniques requires practice, which may entail additional radiation for patients and providers. Despite their widespread use, the literature examining factors influencing radiation exposure in fluoroscopically guided pain procedures is scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of resident involvement on radiation exposure during fluoroscopy‐guided spinal interventions.DesignSingle‐center, observational study.SettingOutpatient physiatry clinic in a teaching hospital.PatientsAll patients who received cervical or lumbar facet block(s) (FBs), transforaminal epidural steroid injection(s) (TFESIs) without digital subtraction, or a caudal epidural (CE) during the study period were included.InterventionsResident involvement in the procedures: absent, observing, or participating.Main Outcome MeasuresMachine‐indicated fluoroscopy time (seconds) and radiation dose (milligrays [mGy]).ResultsTwo hundred ninety six procedures were included: 188 FBs (58 cervical, 130 lumbar), 48 CEs, and 60 TFESIs. For lumbar FBs, fluoroscopy time and radiation dose increased significantly when residents performed them (meantime = 24.5 s, confidence interval [CI] = 20.4–28.7; meandose = 3.53 mGy, CI = 2.57–4.49) compared to when they observed (meantime = 9.9 s, CI = 8.1–11.7; meandose = 1.28 mGy, CI = 0.98–1.59) (mean difference: time = 14.63 s, CI = 9.31–19.94; dose = 2.25 mGy, CI = 1.17–3.33) and were absent during the procedure (meantime = 12.9 s, CI = 11.1–14.6; meandose = 1.65 mGy, CI = 1.40–1.89) (mean difference: time = 11.67 s, CI = 7.35–15.98; dose = 1.88 mGy, CI = 1.01–2.76). In the case of TFESIs, time, but not dose, increased significantly when residents observed (meantime = 39.1 s, CI = 30.7–47.6; meandose = 6.73 mGy, CI = 3.39–10.07) compared to when they were absent (meantime = 27.1 s, CI = 22.4–31.8; meandose = 4.41 mGy, CI = 3.06–5.76 (mean difference: time = 11.99 s, CI = 1.37–22.61; dose = 2.32 mGy, CI = −1.20–5.84). Finally, resident involvement did not significantly affect the outcomes for CEs (ptime = .032, pdose = .74) and cervical FBs (ptime = .64, pdose = .68).ConclusionResident participation affected lumbar FBs the most, with an increase in both fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.
Effectiveness of psychoeducation interventions in reducing negative psychological outcomes and improving coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Phiri Lophina , Li William Ho Cheung , Cheung Ankie Tan , Phiri Patrick G. M. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposePsychoeducation interventions (PEIs) have been used as an adjunct treatment for negative psychological outcomes in caregivers of children with cancer. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of PEIs in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms and improving health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer.MethodTen English databases were searched to identify studies on PEIs for caregivers of children with cancer. Studies inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants who were caregivers of children with cancer receiving treatment; (2) psychoeducational interventions assessing anxiety, depressive symptoms, HRQoL, and coping outcomes; and (3) usual care, waitlist, or active control as a control group. Meta‐analysis and narrative synthesis were used to analyse data.ResultsFourteen randomised control trials were included. PEIs have a beneficial effect on anxiety levels (SMD: −0.59, 95% CI [−0.92, −0.25], p = 0.0007), quality of life (SMD: −0.31, 95% CI [−0.00, −0.61], p = 0.05) and depressive symptoms (SMD: −1.18, 95% CI [−2.08, −0.28], p = 0.01) immediately post‐intervention. The effect of PEIs was maintained at long‐term follow‐up on depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.52, 95% CI [−1.54, −0.36], p = 0.0004). Similarly, the synthesised data suggest that PEIs are effective in improving coping skills.ConclusionThe review provides evidence that PEIs effectively reduce negative psychological outcomes and improve coping skills in caregivers of children with cancer. However, due to methodological flaws and heterogeneity of the interventions evaluated, more research is needed to determine the most effective PEI design and improve the quality of evidence.
Hydrophobicity and molecular mass‐based separation method for autoantibody discovery from mammalian total cellular proteins
Authors: Date Mirei , Miyamoto Ai , Honjo Tomoko , Shiokawa Tsugumi , Tada Hiroko , Okada Nobuhiro , Futami Junichiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSerum autoantibody profiles are unique to individuals and reflect the level and history of autoimmunity and tumor immunity. The identification of autoantibody biomarkers is critical for the development of immune monitoring systems for immune‐related disorders. Here, we present a practical method for large‐scale autoantibody discovery using total cellular proteins from cultured mammalian cells. We found that nucleic acid‐free and fully denatured water‐soluble total cellular proteins from mammalian cells were superior, allowing precise separation by reversed‐phase HPLC after preparing a large set of homogeneous total cellular proteins. After separating the proteins based on hydrophobicity, the fractionated samples were subjected to molecular mass analysis using conventional SDS‐PAGE. The resulting two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was successfully employed for immune blotting and LC–MS/MS analysis. All procedures, including TRIzol‐based total cellular protein extraction, solubilization of denatured proteins, reversed‐phase HPLC separation, and SDS‐PAGE, were highly reproducible and easily scalable. We propose this novel two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis system as an alternative proteomics‐based methodology suitable for large‐scale autoantibody discovery.
Are younger adults becoming less residentially mobile? A decomposition analysis of British trends, 1997–2019
Authors: Coulter Rory 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExisting evidence suggests that rates of population mobility are falling in many Global North countries. However, the magnitude, selectivity and the drivers of U.K. relocation trends remain poorly understood. Using survey data and regression decompositions, this study examines how relocation propensity during the traditionally highly mobile phase of young adulthood changed in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2019. The results show that rates of long‐term address changing in young adulthood fell over this period due to changes in behaviour. Relocation has also become harder to predict as rates of address changing have fallen most sharply among those groups who were formerly the most mobile. The paper concludes by reflecting on the possible causes of these trends and the ways that more temporary forms of mobility may be substituting for long‐term relocations as transitions to adulthood become more protracted and precarious.
Does information infrastructure and technological infrastructure reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the context of sustainable development? Examining spatial spillover effect
Authors: Liang Dapeng , Liu Jianjun , Liu Mengting , Sun Jiayin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo cope with global climate change and realize sustainable development, China has invested heavily in the construction of information infrastructure and technological infrastructure (IT) in recent years. In this research, we first find out the effect of IT on CO2 emissions and how IT impacts CO2 emissions, considering an expanded endogenous growth model. Then, using the dynamic spatial lag model and the system generalized method of moments (SGMM), this study investigates the impact of IT on CO2 emissions and their mechanisms in 30 provinces of China from 2005 to 2019. The results are: (1) CO2 emissions have a spatial lag effect, a temporal lag effect, and a spatio‐temporal lag effect. (2) IT reduces local CO2 emissions. (3) IT promotes the decrease of CO2 emissions in local areas over the short and long terms. In the long term, IT promotes the decrease of CO2 emissions in the surrounding regions. Both in the short and long terms, the direct effect is greater than the indirect effect. (4) IT reduces CO2 emissions through optimizing the energy consumption structure (ENS) and enhancing the level of green technology innovation (GI). This study provides a theoretical basis for realizing the dual carbon goals of emissions peak and carbon neutrality.
MoO2 Nanoclusters Embedded in Hierarchical Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanoflower as Electrocatalytic Mediators in Aqueous Zinc–Tellurium Batteries: Enhancing Electrochemical Kinetics of Tellurium Redox Reaction
Authors: Wang Honghai , Yang Wenyue , Xu Huiting , Li Meng , Liu Huibin , Gong Siqi , Zhao Fan , Li Chunli , Qi Junjie , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jiapeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising devices for large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, and safety. However, the ionic intercalation or surface redox mechanisms in conventional cathode materials generally result in unsatisfactory capacities. Conversion‐type aqueous zinc–tellurium (Zn–Te) batteries have recently gained widespread attention owing to their high theoretical specific capacities. However, it remains an enormous challenge to improve the slow kinetics of the aqueous Zn–Te batteries. Here, MoO2 nanoclusters embedded in hierarchical nitrogen‐doped carbon nanoflower (MoO2/NC) hosts are successfully synthesized and loaded with Te in aqueous Zn–Te batteries. Benefitting from the highly dispersed MoO2 nanoclusters and hierarchical nanoflower structure with a large specific surface area, the electrochemical kinetics of the Te redox reaction are significantly improved. As a result, the Te‐MoO2/NC electrode exhibits superior cycling stability and a high specific capacity of 493 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Meanwhile, the conversion mechanism is systematically explored using a variety of ex situ characterization methods. Therefore, this study provides a novel approach for enhancing the kinetics of the Te redox reaction in aqueous Zn–Te batteries.
Characterizing Spatial and Energetic Distributions of Trap States Toward Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Jing , Lou Yan‐Hui , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to their greater opt electric performance, perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) present huge potential to be commercialized. Perovskite PV’s high theoretical efficiency expands the available development area. The passivation of defects in perovskite films is crucial for approaching the theoretical limit. In addition to creating efficient passivation techniques, it is essential to direct the passivation approach by getting precise and real‐time information on the trap states through measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to establish quantitative characterization methods for the trap states in energy and 3D spaces. The authors cover the characterization of the spatial and energy distributions of trap states in this article with an eye toward high‐efficiency perovskite photovoltaics. After going over the strategies that have been created for characterizing and evaluating trap states, the authors will concentrate on how to direct the creative development of characterization techniques for trap states assessment and highlight the opportunities and challenges of future development. The 3D space and energy distribution mappings of trap states are anticipated to be realized. The review will give key guiding importance for further approaching the theoretical efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics, offering some future research direction and technological assistance for the development of appropriate targeted passivation technologies.
Interface Engineering and Boron Modification of Pd–B/Pd Hetero‐Metallene Synergistically Accelerate Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Liu Songliang , Zhang Hugang , Ren Tianlun , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D metallene possess high surface area and excellent electron transport capability, thus enabling efficient application in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the interface regulation and electronic structure optimization of metallene are still great challenges. Herein, Pd–B/Pd hetero‐metallene is constructed by interface engineering and B modification strategies for efficient electrocatalytic ORR. The 2D configuration of Pd–B/Pd hetero‐metallene exposes a large number of surface atoms and unsaturated defect sites, thus providing abundant catalytic active sites and exhibiting high electron mobility. More importantly, interface engineering and B modification synergistically optimizing the electronic configuration of the metallene system. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the rational regulation of the electronic configuration of metallene, but also offers a reference for the construction of efficient ORR catalysts.
Chemical tags and beyond: Live‐cell protein labeling technologies for modern optical imaging
Authors: Saimi Dilizhatai , Chen Zhixing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImaging proteins with high resolution is crucial for studying cellular physiology and pathology. Fluorescence imaging is a privileged method to visualize proteins with subcellular precision in live cells. In recent years, there has been a tremendous advance in the field of fluorescent dyes that are optically more sophisticated than genetically‐encodable fluorescent proteins. In this review, we aim to discuss modern bioconjugation methods to specifically incorporate these dyes into protein‐of‐interests. We focus on advances in live‐cell labeling strategies and fluorescent probes, especially the HaloTag, SNAP‐tag, TMP‐tag, and unnatural amino acid systems and their applications. These protein labeling methods, along with cutting‐edge dyes and novel microscopy methods, have become the infrastructure for biological research in the era of super‐resolution imaging.