bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation studies on combined effect of variable geometry, rotation and temperature gradient on critical speed of gas turbine disc
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Chaterjee Saikat , Ranjan Vinayak , Ghoshal Sanjoy K. 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe present findings report a significant influence of disc profile and thickness on the order of excitation leading to critical speed condition. Certain transverse modes of vibration of the disc have been obtained to be more susceptible to get excited while recording the lowest critical speeds.Design/methodology/approachNumerical simulation using finite-element method has been adopted due to the complicated geometry, complex loadings and intricate analytical formulation. A comprehensive analysis of exclusive as well as combination of thermal and centrifugal loads has been taken up to determine the intensity and characteristics of the individual/combined effects.FindingsThe typical gas turbine disc profile has been analyzed to predict the critical speed under the factual working condition of an aero-engine. FEM analysis of uniform and variable thickness discs have been carried out under stationary, rotating and rotating-thermal considerations while emphasizing the effect of disc profile and thickness. Centrifugal stresses developed due to rotational effect result in unceasing stiffening of the discs with higher stiffening for a greater number of nodal diameters. On the other hand, a role reversal of thermal effect from stiffening to softening is figured out with increasing numbers of nodal diameters. However, the discs are subjected to an overall stiffening effect on account of the combined centrifugal and thermal loading, with the effect decreasing with an increase in disc thickness. Under the combined loading, the order of excitation leading to critical speed condition is dependent on disc profile and thickness. Moreover, the vibrational modes (0,1) and (0,2) are identified as more prominent adverse modes corresponding to lowest critical speeds.Practical implicationsThe present findings are expected to serve as guidelines during the design phase of gas turbine discs of aeroengine applications.Originality/valueThe present work deliberates on the simulation and analysis of gas turbine disc specific to aeroengine application. The real-life disc geometry has been analyzed with due consideration of major factual operating conditions to identify the critical speed. The identification of various critical speed using numerical analysis can help to reduce the number of experimental tests required for certification.
Bioactive compounds, health benefits and valorization of Pyrus pyrifolia (sand pear): a review
Authors: Chandel Rajat , Kumar Vikas , Kaur Ramandeep , Kumar Satish , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Dharminder , Kapoor Swati 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Pyrus Pyrifolia (Sand Pear) is one of the most underused pear variety despite its nutraceutical potential. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the Pyrus Pyrifolia in term of origin, distribution and classification, nutritional and bioactive potential, therapeutic potential and valorization along with future prospectus.

Design/methodology/approach
A wide variety of publications (88) were identified through electronic databases (Science direct, PubMed, SciELO, Google scholar, Link springer and Research gate) under the umbrella of different keywords such as bioactive compounds, health benefits, nutrition, sand pear, Pyrus and Pyrus pyrifolia.

Findings
Pyrus Pyrifolia (Sand Pear) is abundant in nutritional and bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, vitamins and minerals. It exhibits therapeutic potential as being an antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. However, P. pyrifolia is not much explored by food researchers and industrialists, hence remaining underused. A few attempts have been made toward the use of P. pyrifolia for jam, jelly, candy and wine preparation. However, more research is required for the commercial processing of P. pyrifolia and to enhance its availability outside its growing area.

Originality/value
In this paper, nutritional and bioactive compounds of P. pyrifolia are discussed that provide knowledge to the researchers for its use as a functional ingredient.
Integrated geophysical methods for boulder delineation to improve mining
Authors: Gomo Sikelela , Rapetsoa Moyagabo K. , Manzi Musa S. D. , Onyebueke Emmanuel , Dildar Jureya , Sihoyiya Mpofana , Mutshafa Ndamulelo , Harrison Wesley , Bourdeau Julie E. , Brovko Oleg , James Ian , Cooper Gordon R. J. , Scheiber Stephanie , Durrheim Raymond J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNear‐surface boulders can pose serious challenges to opencast mining. They often introduce complexities, delays in drilling, blasting and excavation programmes, which subsequently decrease mining efficiency, increase mining risks and costs. The location of subsurface boulders and the identification of other geological features that may impact mining activities (e.g. fractures, the presence of iron‐rich ultramafic pegmatites and the variation in weathering across a mining region) are necessary to reduce the challenges posed by these geological features, therefore optimizing mining efficiency. In this study, magnetics, electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, ground penetrating radar and borehole data are integrated for boulder delineation and mapping of other geological features that may impact mining using an unmined section at Tharisa Mine, Bushveld Complex (South Africa), as a test site. The results obtained from the different geophysical techniques are found to complement each other and successfully delineate boulders, fractures, iron‐rich ultramafic pegmatites and the variation in weathering and layering across the area. The incorporation of geophysical results can thus improve mining efficiency, while reducing mining risks and costs.
The predictive markers of severity and mortality in hospitalized hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19 during Omicron epidemic
Authors: Banshodani Masataka , Kawanishi Hideki , Hirai Takayuki , Kawai Yusuke , Hashimoto Shinji , Shintaku Sadanori , Moriishi Misaki , Marubayashi Seiji , Tsuchiya Shinichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPredictive markers and prognosis remain unclear in hospitalized hemodialysis (HD) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during the Omicron epidemic.MethodsWe evaluated characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes in hospitalized HD patients with COVID‐19 (n = 102) at two centers between January and April 2022.ResultsThe 30‐day mortality rate was higher in moderate–critical group (n = 43) than mild group (n = 59) (16.3% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.007), and higher in patients with lower CC chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) levels (<95.0 pg/mL) compared with normal CCL17 levels (19.0% versus 4.9%; p = 0.03). In multivariate analyses, a low CCL17 level (p = 0.003) was associated with moderate–critical conditions, and moderate–critical conditions (p = 0.04) were associated with 30‐day mortality, whereas CCL17 was not associated with 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 remains a fatal complication, and CCL17 was a predictive marker of severity in hospitalized HD patients during the Omicron epidemic.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on anxiety levels among patients who have to go to the hospital due to chronic illnesses: A prospective study
Authors: Ozkan Kurtgoz Pervin , Sackan Fatih , Oner Irem , Bilgin Ozlem , Ozdemir Deniz , Karakose Suleyman , Eryılmaz Mehmet Ali , Guney Ibrahim , Kızılarslanoglu Muhammet Cemal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCancer and hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk for COVID‐19. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of pandemic on anxiety in these patients.MethodsOne hundred and six oncology and 97 HD patients participated in the study. Anxiety levels were assessed by using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). At the end of 8‐month follow‐up, these questionnaires were re‐administered.ResultsDuring this period, 38 patients (38/203; 18.7%) had COVID‐19 infection. Twenty‐three patients (23/203; 11.3%) died due to COVID‐19 and/or other causes. One hundred and thirteen of the remaining patients were participated in the second questionnaire. Having COVID‐19 was not the independent factor for changes in STAI, and BAI scores in any regression models.ConclusionHaving COVID‐19 does not affect the increased anxiety levels in HD and oncology patients. The effect of the pandemic may have remained in the background, as these patients have more concerns about their own diseases.
Marker‐trait association analysis for gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) resistance in a diverse rice population
Authors: Sahu Nandini , Gadratagi Basana Gowda , Rath Ladu Kishore , Chandrappa Anilkumar , Sah Rameswar Prasad , Mandal Lopamudra , Govindharaj Guru Pirasanna Pandi , Patil Naveenkumar B. , Adak Totan , Mahendiran Annamalai , Rath Prakash Chandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDamage caused by insect herbivores, notably Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae is more prevalent in the rice‐growing belts of India's southern and north‐eastern states. As a prelude to resistant cultivar development, the identification of genomic regions for resistance in the source population is crucial. In the present investigation, 202 rice genotypes were phenotyped and assayed with genomic markers reported for gall midge resistance. Positive skewness and platykurtic distribution of response scores suggested the inheritance of gall midge resistance in the study population. The marker gm3del3 contributed the most genetic variation, followed by RM28574 and marker RM22709 explained minimal variation. A marker‐trait association analysis with a single marker‐trait linear regression approach was performed to discover gall midge resistant genomic region/genes. The marker RM17480 on chromosome 4 reported to be linked with gm3 gene was found significantly associated with the gall midge resistance genomic region with allelic effects in a negative direction favouring resistance reaction. The allelic effects of significantly associated markers were correlated significantly with the phenotypic variation of gall midge damage scores. Genes identified in the vicinity of this marker contribute to stress response reactions in rice plants. The 200 bp allele of the marker was associated with susceptibility, while the 250 bp allele was associated with resistance expression. This allelic association with trait variation suggests the importance of associated marker for utilisation in marker‐assisted selection programmes to incorporate resistance alleles into elite rice genotypes.
Patient outcomes associated with cancer diagnosis through the emergency department: A systematic review
Authors: Kang Sally , McLeod Shelley L. , Walsh Chris , Grewal Keerat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveMany patients are initially diagnosed with a new suspected cancer through the emergency department (ED). The objective of this systematic review was to compare stage of cancer and survival of patients diagnosed with cancer through the ED to patients diagnosed elsewhere.MethodsElectronic searches of Medline and EMBASE were conducted and reference lists were hand‐searched. Studies comparing adult patients diagnosed with any type of cancer through the ED (ED diagnosis) to patients diagnosed elsewhere (non‐ED diagnosis) were included. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, assessed quality of the studies, and extracted data. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Data pertaining to patient outcomes were summarized and pooled using random‐effects models and reported as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where applicable.ResultsFourteen studies were included. There was an increased risk of more advanced/later stage cancer (Stage III/IV or late‐stage vs. earlier stage) among patients with an ED diagnosis of cancer compared to a non‐ED diagnosis of cancer (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.39–1.58). Survival was lower for patients with an ED diagnosis of cancer compared to those diagnosed elsewhere (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.75).ConclusionsPatients with an ED diagnosis of cancer had more advanced/late stage of cancer at diagnosis and worse survival compared to patients diagnosed elsewhere. Future research examining patients diagnosed with cancer through the ED is required.
Financial openness and profitability premium: Causal evidence from the Shanghai‐Hong Kong Stock Connect
Authors: Jiang Fuwei , Jin Fujing , Zhang Kejia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study explores the impact of capital market openness on the profitability premium by using the Shanghai‐Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHKSC) programme as an exogenous shock. The empirical results show that (1) we can basically rule out the mispricing mechanism driving the significant profitability premium in China; (2) following SHKSC, the expected stock returns increase more across less profitable firms, and the less profitable firms have more increases in illiquidity, capital structure and information disclosure quality; and (3) the results are still robust after using propensity score matching analysis, deleting the highly volatile periods and conducting a firm‐level test with the triple‐differencing design.
Time and sequence of the replacement of the deciduous by the permanent dentition in dogs and its applicability for age estimation
Authors: Broeck Martine Van den , Bels Lobke De , Duchateau Luc , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of permanent dentition emergence following exfoliation of the deciduous teeth in puppies. The aim was to determine whether the emergence of permanent dentition can be used to assess whether a puppy that is traded across borders in the EU has reached the legally required minimum age of 15 weeks. The events were evaluated in a longitudinal study, with some cross‐sectional observations, of 440 puppies belonging to 82 breeds. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides of a puppy's dentition nor between male and female puppies. Breed size and skull type had a significant impact: both the appearance and the completion of tooth eruption occurred considerably later in small or toy breeds and brachycephalic skull type breeds. The sequence of emergence differed little between maxillary or mandibular quadrants or between breeds. The first emerging elements were the maxillary first premolars or first incisors or the mandibular first incisors. The emergence of a permanent tooth usually occurred within 3 days before or after exfoliation of its precursor, except for the canines, which demonstrated a wider tooth replacement interval. This study presents standards for age assessment based on the emergence of permanent dentition for breeds of different sizes, using median ages or cumulative emergence percentages. However, the legal age determination of puppies with an assumed age of 15 weeks cannot be performed based on permanent dentition emergence, as this occurred at a later age in a large proportion of dogs (at least 95%) in our studied population. The probability of being at least 15 weeks old when at least one maxillary tooth has emerged was at least 72.25%, depending on breed size.
Morphology and morphometry of the human obturator nerve in males and females
Authors: Yount Mason , Peruri Alekhya , Morgan Alexandra , Zahed Malek , Fritz Virginia , Simmons Zachary , Millard Jonathan , Redden David T. , Reina Miguel Angel , Roballo Kelly C. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury and the nerves’ subsequent repair and regeneration continues to be marked clinically by poor functional recovery. The analysis of nerve morphology is an aspect which may provide an impact on successful clinical outcomes through better prediction of donor and recipient matching. In this study, we evaluated the morphological aspects of the human obturator nerve for a better understanding of its potential in nerve transplantation. Morphological characteristics of donor obturator nerves were analysed, including nerve diameter and length, fascicle count and the ratio of neural to non‐neural tissue present within the cross‐sectional area of the nerve's epineurium, with respect to laterality and sex. Statistical significance (p < 0.10) was determined for male obturator nerves having an average diameter of 2.67 mm compared to female obturator nerves at 1.91 mm, as well as left obturator nerves having an average of 11.21 fascicles compared to the right having an average of 10.17 fascicles. Strong positive correlations were determined between cross‐sectional nerve area and limb size index, as well as between percentage of non‐neural tissue and area of non‐neural tissue, among males. Separately, strong correlation between percentage of non‐neural tissue and area of non‐neural tissue among right obturator nerves in males and females was determined . These findings indicate that there are associations and predictions that can be made about nerve morphology and that these when combined with other patient characteristics may enhance patient functional recovery following a peripheral nerve's repair.
Patient‐reported outcomes post prophylactic risk‐reducing mastectomy: improved breast and psychosocial satisfaction yet poorer physical well‐being
Authors: Mansour Kristy , Calder Patricia , Trotter Dean , Mah Eldon , Tasevski Robert , Chin‐Lenn Laura , Yue Brian , Mann Bruce , Skandarajah Anita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) for patients with high breast cancer risk undergoing elective risk reduction mastectomy and reconstruction. These patients incur operative risk in the absence of active cancer, which renders their treatment experience unique. This study aimed to identify longer‐term quality of life (QoL) issues that persist in this patient cohort.MethodsA cross‐sectional cohort study assessed PROs in 48 women with high breast cancer risk who attended the Royal Melbourne Hospital Risk Management Clinic, at least 12 months post‐mastectomy and reconstruction, with surgery between 2011 and 2020, using the BREAST‐Q© Likert surveys. The BREAST‐Q© internationally validated QoL instrument scales survey data from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) in 14 domains addressing satisfaction and psychosocial issues.ResultsThere was higher overall breast and psychosocial satisfaction, with scores of 11 and four, respectively, yet lower chest, abdomen and sexual well‐being scores with 14, three and four, respectively, in contrast to normative BREAST‐Q© data from >1000 women without prior breast cancer or breast operations. High average scores >90 were found for patient satisfaction with surgical, medical and office staff. Twenty‐one patients had an average score of 63 for satisfaction with breast implants, while 27 patients post‐DIEP had average scores >72 for abdominal well‐being, appearance and overall outcomes. Higher mean QoL outcomes were found with DIEP flap in all domains, compared with breast implant reconstruction.ConclusionQoL assessment with PROs 12 months post‐risk reduction mastectomy and reconstruction demonstrated higher psychosocial well‐being, yet highlights physical implications, with patients experiencing reduced chest, abdomen and sexual well‐being, compared with normative BREAST‐Q© control data. Higher mean QoL outcomes were found with DIEP flap compared with breast implant reconstruction. PROs studies can identify unmet needs and facilitate change in service provision.
The effect of strabismus surgery on the learning abilities of school‐aged children
Authors: Feuillade Vincent , Bourcier Tristan , Gaucher David , Speeg Claude , Sauer Arnaud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether strabismus surgery improves the learning performance – calculation, reading and drawing – of school‐aged children.MethodsIn a case–control study, patients between the ages of 7 and 10 years with horizontal strabismus, recommended for surgical correction, were prospectively included. Reading, calculating and drawing abilities were evaluated before and 3 months after corrective strabismus surgery using standardized tests. Cases were compared to control patients: patients with a surgical indication postponed due to the COVID lockdown.ResultsForty‐two operated patients and 42 controls between the ages of 7 and 10 years with horizontal strabismus were included. The average reading speed was 65.8 words per minute pre‐operatively compared to 80.6 words per minute post‐operatively (p = 0.0038). The average drawing score was 71.1 pre‐operatively compared to 84.3 post‐operatively (p = 0.012). The average calculation score was 3.2 pre‐operatively compared to 3.4 post‐operatively (p = 0.363). Improvement given by strabismus surgery was confirmed avoiding the learning effect by comparison with the control group. The improvements observed were more significant in the youngest patients and esotropia.ConclusionsThis study highlights that strabismus surgery significantly improved the children's reading fluency and drawing task execution. These encouraging data should be taken into account when considering the indications for strabismus surgery.
Relative bioavailability of delamanid 50 mg tablets dispersed in water in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: Zou Yuanxi , de Jager Veronique , Hesseling Anneke C. , Diacon Andreas H. , Wiesner Lubbe , Mostert Joni , Svensson Elin M. , Garcia‐Prats Anthony 
Published: January 2023

AimDelamanid is a novel drug for the treatment of drug‐resistant tuberculosis, manufactured as 50‐mg solid and 25‐mg dispersible tablets. We evaluated the effects of dispersing the 50‐mg tablet, focusing on the relative bioavailability.MethodsDelamanid, 50‐mg tablets administered dispersed vs swallowed whole, was investigated in a phase I, four‐period, crossover study. Two of three dose strengths of delamanid (25, 50 or 100 mg) were given to healthy adult participants, in both whole and dispersed forms, with a 7‐day washout period. Blood samples were collected over 168 h after each dose. Delamanid and its metabolite DM‐6705 were analysed with a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. The pharmacokinetics of both analytes were analysed using nonlinear mixed‐effect modelling. Palatability and acceptability were determined using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsTwenty‐four participants completed the study. The bioavailability of dispersed tablets was estimated to be 107% of whole tablets, with a 90% confidence interval of 99.7‐114%, fulfilling bioequivalence criteria. The two formulations were not significantly different regarding either bioavailability or its variability. Bioavailability increased at lower doses, by 34% (26‐42%) at 50 mg and by 74% (64‐86%) at 25 mg, relative to 100 mg. The majority of participants (93%) found the dispersed formulation acceptable in palatability across all delamanid doses.ConclusionsDispersed 50‐mg delamanid tablets have similar bioavailability to tablets swallowed whole in adult volunteers. This can be an option for children and other patients who cannot swallow whole tablets, improving access to treatment.