bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensation analysis of the active and reactive power of electric vehicles using optimized FOPID‐GA controller
Authors: Moghadam Atefeh Marvi , Balochian Saeed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, the interest in using electric and environmentally friendly vehicles has risen increasingly. The most important challenge is charging these electric vehicles (EVs) at the right time based on the amount of charging demand, which if not paid attention to, can affect the network power profile. In this article, the effect of charging EVs in fast charging stations on the voltage profile and power factor in the IEEE Bus‐33 standard network is investigated. Therefore, a mathematical model is used to model the problem that the parameters of EV arrival time to charging stations, EV charging time, number of charging times, EV status of charging (SOC), distance traveled by the EV are considered as model variables. In this article, four charging stations are considered for each fast‐charging station. The power rate that each station in the fast‐charging station receives from the network is considered 200 kW. So, if all stations are charged simultaneously, the charging station will receive 800 kW of electricity from the grid. There are also 300 EVs in the network, each charging time in fast charging stations is less than 10 minutes. To control the charge and power of cars, the FOPID controller has been used to determine the optimal coefficients through the application of a genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results showed that in the uncontrolled reactive power mode, the voltage range in the busbars to which the charging stations are connected is less than the standard value (0.95 p.u) in the interval, but using FOPID‐GA controller, we will be able to increase the voltage range and improve the power factor of the distribution system about 10.26% by controlling the reactive power of the vehicles.
Microalgae—Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health
Authors: Eilam Yahav , Khattib Hamdan , Pintel Noam , Avni Dorit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well‐balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein‐based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non‐communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high‐protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti‐cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health‐promoting applications of microalgae‐based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
Prediction of potential habitat suitability of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and niche overlap in the parts of western Himalayan region
Authors: Islam Mohd , Sahana Mehebub , Areendran Gopala , Jamir Chubamenla , Raj Krishna , Sajjad Haroon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) are the inhabitants of remote areas at higher altitudes with extreme geographic and climatic conditions. The habitats of these least‐studied species are crucial for sustaining the Himalayan ecosystem. We employed the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) species distribution model to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards and blue sheep and extracted common overlapped niches. For this, we utilised presence location, bio‐climatic and environmental variables, and correlation analysis was applied to reduce the negative impact of multicollinearity. A total of 134 presence locations of snow leopards and 64 for blue sheep were selected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). The annual mean temperature (Bio1) was found to be the most useful and highly influential factor to predict the potential habitat suitability of snow leopards. Annual mean temperature, annual precipitation and isothermality were the major influencing factors for blue sheep habitat suitability. Highly influential bio‐climatic, topographic and environmental variables were integrated to construct the model for predicting habitat suitability. The area under the curve (AUC) values for snow leopard (0.87) and blue sheep (0.82) showed that the models are under good representation. Of the total area investigated, 47% was suitable for the blue sheep and 38% for the snow leopards. Spatial habitat assessment revealed that nearly 11% area from the predicted suitable habitat class of both species was spatially matched (overlapped), 48.6% area was unsuitable under niche overlap and 40.5% area was spatially mismatched niche. The presence of snow leopards and blue sheep in some highly suitable areas was not observed, yet such areas have the potential to sustain these elusive species. The other geographical regions interested in exploring habitat suitability may find the methodological framework adopted in this study useful for formulating an effective conservation policy and management strategy.
Trends in elder abuse and age discrimination during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Hong Kong: Findings from a two‐wave representative telephone survey study
Authors: Yan Elsie , To Louis , Ng Haze K. L. , Lai Daniel W. L. , Bai Xue , Lee Vincent W. P 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesEmpirical evidence about the heightened risks of elder abuse and age discrimination during the COVID‐19 pandemic is scarce. This study aimed to track the changes in rates of both, and investigated their associated factors in the community‐dwelling older population in Hong Kong.MethodsIn this two‐wave, cross‐sectional telephone survey, we interviewed a population‐based sample of individuals (≥55 years), and captured the situation of elder abuse and age discrimination before the COVID‐19 outbreak (n = 1209, Wave 1: October–December 2019) and during the pandemic (n = 891, Wave 2: December 2020–January 2021). Participants reported their experiences of different types of abuse and discrimination, financial health, subjective well‐being, satisfaction with environment, health and social services, and resilience.ResultsAbuse was reported by 20.2% of the sample before the outbreak and 17.8% during the pandemic; while discrimination was reported by 24.6% and 29.8% at the two time points, respectively. A drop in physical abuse was observed, but it was accompanied by a rise in discrimination in the form of harassment or refusal of services. Findings of logistic regression analysis show that abuse during the pandemic was associated with younger age, poorer subjective well‐being, and lower resilience; while discrimination was associated with female gender, being married, and poorer subjective well‐being.ConclusionsElder abuse and discrimination were prevalent across time points. The pandemic has highlighted the marginalization of older persons in our communities. There is an urgent need for development of effective interventions to end abuse and discrimination.
Processes and factors controlling the groundwater flow in a complex landslide: A case study in the northern Italy
Authors: Petrella Emma , Raimondo Melinda , Chelli Alessandro , Valentino Roberto , Severini Edoardo , Diena Michela , Celico Fulvio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present work provides new insights on some factors controlling the groundwater flow in low‐permeability media affected by deep Apennine landslide, involving several million cubic meters of soil and rock. Rainfall and groundwater circulation are among the major triggers of landslides. However, if the first factor is well studied, only few research deal with the hydrogeological processes in the landslide. Thus, in this study, combined hydrogeological, geochemical and isotopic investigation were performed in order to: (1) characterize infiltration and flow processes and (2) understand the role of sliding surface on groundwater circulation in a complex landslide that mainly involves sandstones and clay materials. Results indicate that at least two circuits coexist: a faster one, where rainfall preferentially infiltrates and flows in a well‐connected network of macropores, cracks and soil pipes, which mainly feeds the springs; a slower and a deeper one that flows in the soil matrix and fractures of the landslide body. Moreover, the investigated slip zones show an aquiclude characteristic in terms of groundwater circulation, where the flow is very slow and precipitation influence is negligible. These results could be helpful in an accurate slope stability considerations and to improve the reliability of landslide risk assessment.
The significance of fluorinated compound chain length, treatment technology, and influent composition on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances removal in worldwide wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Ilieva Zanina , Hamza Rania A. , Suehring Roxana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are deemed major conveyors and point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the environment. This statistical meta-analysis of existing literature from the past 15 years focused on the significance of treatment type for PFAS removal efficiencies and the influence of PFAS sources (domestic vs. industrial) on their removal. Different sampling events, WWTPs across the world, different treatment technologies, configurations, and processes, as well as different PFAS classes and compounds were considered. This study evaluated 13 PFAS analyzed predominantly in 161 WWTPs across the world. The statistical test results revealed that these 13 frequently detected and reported PFAS can be divided into four groups based on their behavior during wastewater treatment, namely (1) C6–10 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), (2) C4,5,11,12 PFCAs, (3) C4,6,8 perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and (4) C10 PFSA. In this study, biological treatments such as (1) membrane bioreactors, (2) combination of two or more biological treatments, and (3) biofilm processes revealed the highest PFAS removals, although the addition of a tertiary treatment actually had a nonbeneficial effect on PFAS removal. Moreover, a strong statistical correlation was observed between industrial wastewater sources and the presence of high influent PFAS concentrations in the receiving WWTPs. This indicates that industrial sources were the main contributors of the PFAS load in the analyzed WWTPs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:59–69. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Nanoparticle drug delivery to target breast cancer brain metastasis: Current and future trends
Authors: Kannan Siddarth , Cheng Vinton W. T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is rapidly becoming an impediment to continuing survival gains seen in breast cancer patients. Drug delivery across the blood‐brain barrier is the main issue hindering systemic therapy against BCBM. This review details recent advances in nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery systems to target BCBM. Their primary benefits are: enhanced circulating and intra‐BCBM drug biodistribution, BCBM targeting through NP functionalization, opportunities for gene manipulation and their theragnostic applications. Multiple NPs have been synthesized to deliver therapeutic HER2 blockade, which is particularly important given HER2‐positive breast cancer's tendency to form BCBM. Finally, we review the clinical context in which NP‐based therapeutics have been investigated in BCBM patients. While a breakthrough in improving patient outcomes remain awaited, these clinical trials represent positive steps in the changing attitude towards BCBM as a treatable illness. Although multiple challenges remain in the clinical translation of BCBM‐directed NP therapies, ongoing research in the field offers promising avenues for novel targeting of this devastating disease.
Saturated fatty acid intake, genetic risk and colorectal cancer incidence: A large‐scale prospective cohort study
Authors: Fan Linyun , Cai Yimin , Wang Haoxue , Zhang Heng , Chen Can , Zhang Ming , Lu Zequn , Li Yanmin , Zhang Fuwei , Ning Caibo , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Yizhuo , Li Hanting , Li Gaoyuan , Peng Jingyi , Hu Kexin , Li Bin , Huang Chaoqun , Yang Xiaojun , Wei Yongchang , Zhu Ying , Jin Meng , Miao Xiaoping , Tian Jianbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious investigations mainly focused on the associations of dietary fatty acids with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, which ignored gene‐environment interaction and mechanisms interpretation. We conducted a case‐control study (751 cases and 3058 controls) and a prospective cohort study (125 021 participants) to explore the associations between dietary fatty acids, genetic risks, and CRC. Results showed that high intake of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was associated with a higher risk of CRC than low SFA intake (HR =1.22, 95% CI:1.02‐1.46). Participants at high genetic risk had a greater risk of CRC with the HR of 2.48 (2.11‐2.91) than those at low genetic risk. A multiplicative interaction of genetic risk and SFA intake with incident CRC risk was found (PInteraction = 7.59 × 10−20), demonstrating that participants with high genetic risk and high SFA intake had a 3.75‐fold greater risk of CRC than those with low genetic risk and low SFA intake. Furthermore, incorporating PRS and SFA into traditional clinical risk factors improved the discriminatory accuracy for CRC risk stratification (AUC from 0.706 to 0.731). Multi‐omics data showed that exposure to SFA‐rich high‐fat dietary (HFD) can responsively induce epigenome reprogramming of some oncogenes and pathological activation of fatty acid metabolism pathway, which may contribute to CRC development through changes in gut microbiomes, metabolites, and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. These findings suggest that individuals with high genetic risk of CRC may benefit from reducing SFA intake. The incorporation of SFA intake and PRS into traditional clinical risk factors will help improve high‐risk sub‐populations in individualized CRC prevention.
Bond Energies of UO+ and UC+: Guided Ion Beam and Quantum Chemical Studies of the Reactions of Uranium Cation with O2 and CO
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Hunt Ashley R. E. , Kim Jung Soo , Demireva Maria , Peterson Kirk A. , Armentrout P. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGuided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry was used to examine the kinetic energy dependent reactions of U+ with O2 and CO. In the reaction of U+ with O2, the UO+ product is formed in a barrierless and exothermic process with a reaction efficiency at low energies of k/kcol=1.1±0.2, but increases at higher collision energies. Formation of both UO+ and UC+ in the reaction of U+ with CO is endothermic. 0 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of D0(U+‐O)=7.88±0.09 eV and D0(U+‐C)=4.03±0.13 eV were determined by analyzing the kinetic energy dependent cross sections in the latter endothermic reactions. These values are within experimental uncertainty of previously reported experimental values. Additionally, the electronic states of UO+ and UC+ and the potential energy surfaces for the reactions were explored by quantum chemical calculations. The former include a full Feller‐Peterson‐Dixon composite approach with correlation contributions up to CCSDT(Q) for UO and UO+, yielding D0(U‐O)=7.82 eV and D0(U+‐O)=7.99 eV, as well as more approximate CCSD(T) calculations where a semi‐empirical model was used to estimate spin‐orbit energy contributions, which are generally found to improve the agreement with experiment. Both experimental BDEs are observed to be close to those of their transition metal congeners, ScL+, YL+, and GdL+ (L=O and C).
Structural dynamics and mechanistic action guided engineering of lipolytic enzymes
Authors: Kumar Rajender 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLipases have been established as important biocatalysts in several industrial applications, owing to their diverse substrate specificity. The availability of data on three‐dimensional crystal structures for various lipases offers an opportunity for modulating their structural and functional aspects to design and engineer better versions of lipases. With the aim of investigating the structural components governing the extremophilic behavior of lipases, structural analysis of microbial lipases was performed using advanced bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. In sequences and functionally distinct alkaliphilic and thermophilic lipases were investigated for their functional properties to understand the distinguishing features of their structures. The alkaliphilic lipase from Bacillus subtilis (LipA) showed conformational changes in the loop region Ala132–Met137, subsequently, the active site residue His156 shows two conformations, toward the active site nucleophilic residues Ser77 and away from the Ser77. Interestingly, the active site of LipA is more solvent‐exposed and can be correlated with the adoption of an open conformation which might extend and expose the active site region to solvents during the catalysis process. Furthermore, the MD simulation of thermophilic lipase from marine Streptomyces (MAS1) revealed the role of N‐ and C‐terminal regions with disulfide bridges and identified a metal ion binding site that facilitates the enzyme stability. The novel thermo‐alkaliphilic lipase can be designed to integrate the stability features of MAS1 into the alkaliphilic LipA. These structural‐level intrinsic characteristics can be used for lipase engineering to amend the lipase activity and stability as per the requirements of the industrial processes.
Spectra and excitation properties of (AlP)8: Effect of external electric fields
Authors: Aizezi Nuerbiye , Xiang Mei , Abulimiti Bumaliya , Liu Qifan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOn the basis of density functional theory (DFT), the geometry and infrared spectrum of the (AlP)8 cluster have been calculated under external electric fields (EEFs). In addition, on the basis of time‐dependent DFT, the ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, oscillator strengths, wavelengths, and hole–electron orbits of the first 20 excited states have been calculated. Under EEFs, the energy of (AlP)8 gradually decreases, the dipole moment increases, and the molecular configuration significantly changes. In the infrared spectrum, the vibration frequency corresponding to the stretching vibration of the Al–P bond decreases, and a red shift occurs. With increasing EEF, the infrared spectrum splits and shows an obvious Stark effect; the ultraviolet absorption intensity is enhanced, and the molecular excitation energy decreases. Additionally, the excitation wavelength increases with increasing EEF. It is conclusively shown that the (AlP)8 cluster is easily excited under an EEF. Separation of the holes and electrons of the (AlP)8 cluster is obvious. Theoretical investigation of the spectra and excitation properties of (AlP)8 is an important step toward a comprehensive understanding of the effects of EEFs on the molecular structure, stability, and dynamics.
Importance of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune‐inflammation index in predicting colorectal pathologies in fecal occult blood‐positive patients
Authors: Hasirci Ismail , Şahin Alpaslan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe fecal occult blood (FOB) test is one of the primary screening methods for colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) in predicting CRC and other colorectal pathologies in patients with a positive FOB test.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with a positive FOB test who underwent colonoscopy for the investigation of the etiology. The optimal cutoff levels of NLR and SII for predicting colorectal pathologies were determined using the receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsOf the 157 FOB+ patients, 35% were male and 65% were female, with a median age of 59 years. There were 96 patients in Group 1 and 61 patients in Group 2. The mean age of the patients in Group 2 was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The rate of male patients was significantly higher in Group 2. NLR and SII were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.001). The area under the curve values of NLR and SII in predicting colorectal pathologies in FOB+ patients were 0.817 and 0.825, respectively. At the cutoff values of 0.689 and 0.795, NLR and SII had a sensitivity of 60.66% and 95.83%, respectively, and a specificity of 95.83% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionNeutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and SII can be used as important biomarkers in the early diagnosis of CRC and other colorectal lesions in patients with a positive FOB test.
A new isolation method for bacterial extracellular vesicles providing greater purity and improved proteomic detection of vesicle proteins
Authors: Le Lena Hoang My , Steele Joel R. , Ying Le , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Ferrero Richard L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContaminants within cell culture media often co‐isolate with eukaryotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) thus affecting their biological properties. It has yet to be investigated if this is also true for bacterial EVs (BEVs), especially for organisms grown in complex culture media containing animal‐derived products. To address this question, we isolated BEVs from the fastidious bacterium Helicobacter pylori grown in either standard Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium or BHI depleted of animal‐derived products (D‐BHI). We show that BEVs prepared from bacteria grown in D‐BHI medium have similar morphologies, size ranges and yields to those prepared from standard medium. Similarly, no differences were found in the ability of H. pylori BEVs to induce IL‐8 responses in epithelial cells. However, H. pylori BEVs prepared from D‐BHI medium were of higher purity than those prepared from standard medium. Importantly, proteomic analyses detected 3.4‐fold more H. pylori proteins and 10‐fold fewer bovine‐derived proteins in BEV samples prepared from D‐BHI rather than the standard method. Fifty‐seven H. pylori proteins were uniquely detected in BEV samples prepared from D‐BHI. In conclusion, we have described an improved method for BEV isolation. Furthermore, we demonstrate how animal‐derived products in bacteriological culture media may adversely affect proteomic analyses of BEVs.