bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unenriched xylem water contribution during cellulose synthesis influenced by atmospheric demand governs the intra‐annual tree‐ring δ18O signature
Authors: Martínez‐Sancho Elisabet , Cernusak Lucas A. , Fonti Patrick , Gregori Alessandro , Ullrich Bastian , Pannatier Elisabeth Graf , Gessler Arthur , Lehmann Marco M. , Saurer Matthias , Treydte Kerstin 
Published: September 2023

Summary

The oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) of tree‐ring cellulose is used to evaluate tree physiological responses to climate, but their interpretation is still limited due to the complexity of the isotope fractionation pathways.

We assessed the relative contribution of seasonal needle and xylem water δ18O variations to the intra‐annual tree‐ring cellulose δ18O signature of larch trees at two sites with contrasting soil water availability in the Swiss Alps. We combined biweekly δ18O measurements of soil water, needle water, and twig xylem water with intra‐annual δ18O measurements of tree‐ring cellulose, xylogenesis analysis, and mechanistic and structural equation modeling.

Intra‐annual cellulose δ18O values resembled source water δ18O mean levels better than needle water δ18O. Large parts of the rings were formed under high proportional exchange with unenriched xylem water (pex). Maximum pex values were achieved in August and imprinted on sections at 50–75% of the ring. High pex values were associated with periods of high atmospheric evaporative demand (VPD). While VPD governed needle water δ18O variability, we estimated a limited Péclet effect at both sites.

Due to a variable pex, source water has a strong influence over large parts of the intra‐annual tree‐ring cellulose δ18O variations, potentially masking signals coming from needle‐level processes.
Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review
Authors: Blanchard Laurence , Conway‐Moore Kaitlin , Aguiar Anaely , Önal Furkan , Rutter Harry , Helleve Arnfinn , Nwosu Emmanuel , Falcone Jane , Savona Natalie , Boyland Emma , Knai Cécile 
Published: September 2023

SummarySocial media use is integral to many adolescents' lives. It brings benefits but can also have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. We conducted a systematic review examining associations between social media use, adolescent mental health (including body image, self‐esteem, stress, interpersonal relationships and loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms), and dietary outcomes. Quantitative studies published between 2019 and 2023 investigating both mental health and diet were searched in 11 databases. The risk of bias was appraised using ROBINS‐E. Data were narratively synthesized by type of association, PROGRESS‐Plus health equity characteristics, and related to social media influencers. Twenty‐one studies were included, of which only one focused on influencers. Sex/gender was the only equity characteristic assessed (n = 8), with mixed results. The findings suggest significant positive correlations between social media use and both depressive and disordered eating symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and anxiety. Four studies identified body image, self‐esteem, or anxiety as moderators acting between social media exposure and dietary outcomes. Policy interventions mitigating the impact of social media on adolescents—particularly body image and disordered eating—are needed, alongside follow‐up studies on causal pathways, the role of influencers, equity impacts, dietary intake, and the best measurement tools to use.
Data science assisted cohesive finite element modelling of impact behaviour of AP‐HTPB crystal binder composite
Authors: Harjono Hanson‐Lee , Ravva Saranya , Singh Mahavir , Huang Henry , Tomar Vikas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, the response of an ammonium perchlorate (AP)‐hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite material under impact loading is presented, utilizing computational cohesive finite element method (CFEM) simulations that are validated with drop hammer experiments. This study examined the impact behaviour of AP crystal sizes between 200 and 400 μm by varying impact velocities between 3 and 10 m/s. Based on the outcome of CFEM simulations, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and a response surface method (RSM) were utilized to construct a mathematical model approximating the relationships between simulation inputs and outcomes. Both computational and experimental results show that the local strain rate has a considerable positive correlation with crystal size, and the rate of temperature change has positive correlations with both crystal size and impact velocity. Further, it was observed that stiffness and compression energy are the primary factors to variances in local strain rate and rate of change of temperature. RSM has been found to be an effective tool for modelling impact responses of materials under varying experimental conditions.
One‐dimensional local families of complex K3 surfaces
Authors: Carini Riccardo , Viganò Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor any complex K3 surface , we construct a one‐dimensional deformation in which all integers with occur as Picard numbers of some fibres. In contrast, we prove that the generic one‐dimensional local family of K3 surfaces admits only 0 and 1 as Picard numbers of the fibres.
State of the art of thyroid pathology: FNA diagnostic accuracy in an intermediate center in Ibagué
Authors: Velez Bohorquez Daniel Javier , Varon Arce Nohora Bibiana , Tellez Olaya Sandra Milena , Mora Garcia Sebastian Camilo , Velez Bohorquez Anggi Margarita , Bohorquez Lozano Mabel Elena 
Published: September 2023

Background: In Colombia, thyroid cancer is the 7th cancer in incidence and mortality for both sexes. Currently the fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the most used method for studying nodular lesions of the thyroid.
Objective: Describe the characteristics of a sample of surgical specimens in a histopathological diagnostic centre located in an intermediate city, correlate characteristics of PTC variants and calculate diagnostic accuracy for FNA
Materials and methods: In this retrospective study pathology report data was gathered from a diagnosis centre, information was included from patients who underwent thyroid biopsy or resection between years 2015 to 2022, with a total of 495 cases, information was gathered, and a statistical analysis was performed.
Results: a higher frequency for all thyroid pathologies in patients younger than 55 years of age. In men papillary carcinoma (PTC) was the most frequent diagnosis (42.7%) while in women it was hyperplasia (39.1%). From all diagnoses of PTC (n=233)77.6% had an additional diagnosis. Cases with previous FNA, 65.3% of which had a Bethesda score of II to IV and 30.5% of those had a definitive diagnosis of carcinoma.
Conclusions: There is coexistence of benign thyroid diseases and PTC. FNA is essential for the initial histopathological study of thyroid lesions, however it has multiple factors that may affect its diagnostic accuracy.
Heat Transfer and Film Cooling in an Aggressive Turbine Center Frame
Authors: Jagerhofer Patrick R. , Glasenapp Tobias , Patzer Bastian , Göttlich Emil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the heat transfer coefficient and the film cooling effectiveness in a turbine center frame (TCF). The TCF is a duct connecting the high-pressure turbine (HPT) to the low-pressure turbine (LPT) and is equipped with nonturning airfoils (struts). The TCF is operated in a product-representative 1.5-stage test turbine setup working under Mach number similarity. Upstream of the TCF, an unshrouded HPT is operated with four individually adjustable purge flow injections through the forward and aft cavities on the hub and tip of the rotor. The heat transfer coefficient and the purge film cooling effectiveness are measured on the hub and the nonturning struts of the aerodynamically aggressive TCF using infrared thermography and tailor-made heating foils. To further extend the film cooling investigation, the seed gas concentration technique, in conjunction with the heat-mass transfer analogy, is used as a second film cooling measurement technique. Seeding the HPT cavities with different foreign gases reveals every individual purge flow's contribution to the global film cooling effectiveness in the TCF. In addition, the seed gas technique extends the investigated area for film cooling to the optically inaccessible shroud of the TCF. The heat transfer in the TCF was found to be dominated by secondary flow features of the upstream HPT. Longitudinal streaks of alternating high and low heat transfer were found on the hub connected to the number and the position of the upstream HPT vanes. A similar pattern was found in the film cooling effectiveness, where the film cooling streaks were situated between the high heat transfer streaks. The film cooling coverage on the shroud was found to be even, symmetric, and superior to the hub cooling performance, with around 10% less usage of purge mass flow.
Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas Blends and Pure Hydrogen on the Performance of a Domestic Condensing Boiler
Authors: Yaïci Wahiba , Entchev Evgueniy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Following increased awareness about the deleterious effects of climate change on the environment, many corporations and institutions are making concerted efforts to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through policy reviews and technological changes. One area of promise is the replacement of natural gas (NG) with hydrogen (H2) for use in residential and industrial sectors. Hydrogen can play a significant role in reducing emissions in heating applications within the built environment. In a net-zero emissions future where distributed combustion emissions must be largely eliminated, zero-carbon fuels and hydrogen solutions for heating are some of the most cost-effective and flexible paths that will facilitate the sector’s energy transition. In the short term, hydrogen is currently being blended in small amounts into existing NG networks around the world. This has an impact on the performance of appliances designed for NG, as certain gas properties will change.
In this study, the effects of hydrogen on a domestic condensing boiler designed for NG, was investigated. The combustion reaction as a function of hydrogen content and oxygen content was determined. Stoichiometric, lean, and incomplete combustion were considered. Incomplete combustion leads to the formation of polluting emissions, while lean combustion is used to mitigate this by using excess air. An analytical model was developed to determine the outputs, that are, theoretical condensable water mass, heating value ratio, saturation temperature, maximum saturation temperature, and condensation efficiency, which were the main outputs that were systematically analyzed.
Results showed that water vapour in the exhaust gas had the most remarkable effect on properties, and in consequence, on the boiler’s operation. Optimum efficiency occurred when the molar fraction of water vapour was maximized. This corresponded to the combustion of pure hydrogen at stoichiometric conditions. It was further observed that pollutant emissions formation was minimized with greater amounts of excess air via lean combustion, which also resulted in a smaller water vapour fraction. The addition of hydrogen also reduced emissions since the only combustion product of pure hydrogen is water. Hydrogen should be used in lean combustion with minimal excess air to optimize economic and environmental benefits. This guarantees greater performance over pure natural gas dispensed in the same conditions, while mitigating the formation of polluting emissions.
Modeling and Analysis of Hydrogen Supply System With Dual Ejector Concept For Vehicular Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Truong Le Tri Dat , Vu Hoang Nghia , Kim Younghyeon , Yu Sangseok 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is significantly influenced by the hydrogen supply system (HSS). It typically consists of the hydrogen tank, the pressure regulator, the water separator, and the ejector, which is a vital component of the anodic recirculation system (ARS). As the vehicle’s operation necessitates a wide range of power output, the recirculation system must have an appropriate design to function accurately. A fixed-shape ejector is found to be tough to cover the whole range required. Furthermore, determining a suitable ejector geometry throughout the working conditions of the PEMFC is quite challenging. Therefore, the idea of applying the dual-ejector design in the ARS is introduced. In this study, using the concept of dual ejector ARS, the one-dimensional model of the whole hydrogen supply system integrated with the PEMFC is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform. Design parameters are included in the ejector model so that the design analysis can be conducted. Therefore, the performance of the hydrogen supply system using the dual ejector concept is deployed under dynamic operation. The results show that the dual ejectors can well cover all operating ranges of a vehicular fuel cell. In addition, an improvement in stack performance is captured when utilizing the dual ejector-based anodic recirculation system.
Spray Overlap and Heat Transfer Coefficient Uniformity in the Continuous Casting
Authors: Patil Ninad , Al Manasir Rashed , Silaen Armin K. , Walla Nicholas , Zhou Chenn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Continuous casting is an efficient method of producing large volumes of semi-finished steel products. Uniform and efficient heat removal is required to ensure the steel is produced without any cracks while meeting the high steel production target. One of the challenges in the continuous casting process is providing uniform spray cooling rate as needed based on the casting production rate. Improved control of steel cooling rate is critical. The heat removal rate is dependent on the spray nozzle configurations (nozzle spray angle, distance between spray nozzles, nozzle stand-off distance, and water flow rate). The current study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of spray cooling for two nozzles with overlapping sprays. The Lagrangian approach is adopted to track the droplets. In order to predict the slab cooling accurately in the overlap region, droplet breakup and collision are included in the model. The effects of different spray overlap region sizes on the heat transfer coefficient are evaluated by changing the nozzle-to-nozzle distance. The results show that there is an optimum size of spray overlap which provides uniform heat transfer between the two adjacent nozzles. Further increase of the overlap increases heat transfers in the overlap region, which could lead to overcooling of the slab.
Physical Inactivity Prevalence in the Islamic World: An Updated Analysis of 47 Countries
Authors: Kahan David 
Published: September 2023

Background: Physical inactivity prevalence estimates for youth and adults have been published on a global scale and for various geographical and geopolitical permutations. Only one such study has presented estimates for adults in Muslim countries, and it is nearly 10 years old. I conducted an update of this study by incorporating newer data, refining methods, and including youth estimates. Methods: I identified 47 Muslim countries with physical inactivity data for youth, adults, or both. Data were extracted by country primarily from global estimates reported by Guthold et al in 2018 and 2020 and from World Health Organization surveillance data repositories. Weighted prevalence calculations for total prevalence and by sex, ethnicity (Arab vs non-Arab), and country income group accounted for country population, study sample size, and a country’s proportion of Muslims. Z tests and chi-square tests, and follow-up odds ratios and percentage deviations, respectively, were used to determine differences by sex, ethnicity, and country income group. Results: Overall physical inactivity prevalence was 84.2% (youth) and 29.6% (adults). Gaps favoring males over females were observed for youth (5.6% lower prevalence) and adults (9.6% lower prevalence). Gaps favoring non-Arabs over Arabs were observed for youth (3.9% lower) and adults (3.8% lower). No pattern emerged for country income group for youth; however, prevalence for adults trended upward across income groups from low (22.7%) to high (62.0%). Conclusions: Gaps by sex and ethnicity have narrowed since the original report and prevalence values are somewhat higher than current global estimates.
Impact of Attentional Focus on Dance Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Wiese Kelley R. , Ambegaonkar Jatin P. , Martin Joel 
Published: September 2023

Clinical Scenario: Dancing is a demanding esthetic activity with dancers having an 85% annual injury incident rate when performing complex dance motor skills. Teachers and clinicians use a combination of external and internal attentional cues when teaching dancers motor skills and when working on rehabilitation programs with injured dancers, respectively. External attentional focus (ie, focusing on movement outcome) reportedly results in superior performance than internal attentional focus (ie, focus on body movements). Interestingly, dancers reportedly often adopt an internal focus when dancing. Still, limited literature exists examining the effects of attentional focus on dancers’ performance. Clinical Question: How does attentional focus (external or internal) impact performance in dancers? Summary of Key Findings: Four original quasi-experimental studies met inclusion criteria. In the current examination, we found mixed results about the impact of attentional focus in dancers. Specifically, using an external attentional focus resulted in better performance in 2 studies, but these findings were limited to lesser experienced dancers. Experienced dancers did not have any physical performance differences when using external or internal focus. Internal focus also did not negatively affect dancers’ performance in 2 studies. Some authors noted positive motivational effects (eg, increased perceived competence) when dancers used external focus. Clinical Bottom Line: Low-quality evidence exists supporting the notion that in less experienced dance students, external focus improves performance. In experienced dancers, the type of attentional focus did not impact performance. External focus provides positive mental effects. Thus, clinicians working with dancers can integrate individualized feedback according to dancer level, with a preference toward external focus due to positive mental effects, to design optimal training and rehabilitation programs. Strength of Recommendation: Grade B evidence exists supporting the notion that an external attentional focus improves performance in less experienced dance students and also has positive mental effects. Internal attentional focus does not impede experienced dancers’ performance.
Cancer Prevalence Projections in Japan and Decomposition Analysis of Changes in Cancer Burden, 2020–2050: A Statistical Modeling Study
Authors: Nguyen Phuong The , Hori Megumi , Matsuda Tomohiro , Katanoda Kota 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
We provide comprehensive sex-stratified projections of cancer prevalence for 22 cancer sites in Japan from 2020 to 2050.

Methods:
Using a scenario-based approach, we projected cancer prevalence by combining projected incidence cases and survival probabilities. Age-specific incidences were forecasted using age–period–cohort models, while survival rates were estimated using a period-analysis approach and multiple parametric survival models. To understand changes in cancer prevalence, decomposition analysis was conducted, assessing the contributions of incidence, survival, and population demographics.

Results:
By 2050, cancer prevalence in Japan is projected to reach 3,665,900 (3,210,200 to 4,201,400) thousand cases, representing a 13.1% increase from 2020. This rise is primarily due to a significant increase in female survivors (+27.6%) compared with a modest increase in males (+0.8%), resulting in females overtaking males in prevalence counts from 2040 onward. In 2050, the projected most prevalent cancer sites in Japan include colorectal, female breast, prostate, lung, and stomach cancers, accounting for 66.4% of all survivors. Among males, the highest absolute increases in prevalence are projected for prostate, lung, and malignant lymphoma cancers, while among females, the highest absolute increases are expected for female breast, colorectal, and corpus uteri cancers.

Conclusions:
These findings emphasize the evolving cancer prevalence, influenced by aging populations, changes in cancer incidence rates, and improved survival. Effective prevention, detection, and treatment strategies are crucial to address the growing cancer burden.

Impact:
This study contributes to comprehensive cancer control strategies and ensures sufficient support for cancer survivors in Japan.
Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 in Tumor Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures is a Hallmark of Inflamed Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bessede Alban , Peyraud Florent , Le Moulec Sylvestre , Cousin Sophie , Cabart Mathilde , Chomy François , Rey Christophe , Lara Oren , Odin Ophélie , Nafia Imane , Guegan Jean-Philippe , Italiano Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Overexpression of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been reported in several tumor types, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been shown to promote tumor-immune evasion and inhibit T-cell activation through increased tryptophan degradation and the production of several immunosuppressive metabolites collectively known as kynurenines. However, it remains unclear whether IDO1 expression by tumor cells is detrimental specifically in the context of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis blockade.

Experimental Design:
We analyzed the transcriptome of 891 NSCLC tumor samples from patients enrolled in two large randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and activity of atezolizumab, a humanized IgG1 mAb that targets PD-L1, versus docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. We complemented these transcriptomics results at the protein level by using multiplex immunofluorescence and at the functional level with in vitro experiments.

Results:
The increased expression of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme IDO1 was significantly associated with improved objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors, but not in those treated with chemotherapy. Strikingly, inflamed tumors had higher levels of IDO1, and IDO1 was also expressed in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) by mature follicular dendritic cells. L-kynurenine impaired the differentiation of antibody-producing B cells induced by follicular helper T (Tfh)/B-cell interactions, a hallmark process within TLS.

Conclusions:
IDO1 pathway in NSCLC is driven by the immune system rather than by tumor cells. Targeting IDO1 in combination with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 might be beneficial only in patients with inflamed tumors and particularly in those bearing TLS.