bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human T lymphocyte/monocyte interaction in response to lectin: kinetics of entry into the S-phase.
Authors: Maizel A L , Mehta S R , Hauft S , Franzini D , Lachman L B , Ford R J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
PHA-mediated mitogenesis of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes was studied by using highly purified cell populations. The kinetics of human, mature T cell [3H]-Tdr incorporation were examined with respect to those elements necessary and sufficient for the progression of the activated T cell into the S-phase of the cell cycle. These experiments indicated that although a lectin may independently initiate morphologic T cell blastogenesis, this event is not associated with significant progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This blastogenic response is associated with the subsequent T cell receptivity to monocyte-initiated cell cycle progression, and the effect of monocytes can be substituted by partially purified Interleukin 1 (IL-1). Progression of a lectin exposed T cell into the S-phase of the cell cycle could also be achieved by exposing the activated T cell to partially purified Interleukin 2 (IL-2). Given the prior demonstrations that IL-1 functions to induce the T cell-dependent production of the IL-2, it appears that IL-2 is the requisite signal necessary for the activated human lymphocyte to actually progress through the prereplicative phase of the cycle into the S-phase.
Demonstration of a C1q receptor on the surface of human endothelial cells.
Authors: Andrews B S , Shadforth M , Cunningham P , Davis J S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A receptor for C1q on the surface of human endothelial cells has been demonstrated. This receptor is present on the surface of viable cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins, and C1q binding can also be demonstrated to the endothelial lining cells of human umbilical artery and vein on frozen tissue sections. Receptors for the complement components C3b and C3d were not detected on tissue sections or endothelial cells in suspension. Endothelial cell C1q receptors are discussed in relationship to possible immune complex localization in vivo.
Immunoregulatory changes induced by total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). I. Appearance of a population of cells bearing the thymus leukemia (TL) surface antigen in the lymph nodes and spleen.
Authors: King D P , Strober S , Kaplan H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/c mice were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI; 3400 rads) or single-dose, whole-body irradiation (WBI; 550 rads), and the lymph nodes and spleen were assayed for the level of H-2, Ia, Thy-1.2, Lyt-1.2, Lyt-2.2,3.2, and TL-bearing cells by an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The level of cells bearing all these markers, except for TL, was similar to that observed in normal unirradiated mice. The level of TL+ cells was increased 10- to 20-fold in the TLI-treated mice as compared to WBI-treated mice or normals. The increased number of TL+ cells persisted for at lest 200 days after radiotherapy, and was not dependent upon irradiation of the thymus. However, thymectomy before TLI prevented the subsequent development of peripheral TL+ cells. The findings suggest that this abnormal subpopulation of T cells develops as a result of changes in the peripheral lymphoid tissue microenvironment induced by TLI.
Stimulation of anti-influenza cytolytic T lymphocytes by CNBr cleavage fragments of the viral hemagglutinin.
Authors: Wabuke-Bunoti M A , Fan D P , Braciale T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified hemagglutinin of influenza virus, subtype A/Jap/305/57 (H2/N2) was cleaved with CNBr, and the resulting fragments were capable of stimulating H-2 restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes in vitro from spleen cells of mice immunized previously with A/Jap/305/57. When the peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, stimulatory activity was confined primarily to a series of peptides contained within a limited chromatographic range. The majority of the lytic activity was specific for cells infected with A/Jap virus, although a small amount of cross-reactive killing of A/PR/8/34-(H0/N1) infected cells could not be excluded. These results demonstrated that H-2-restricted influenza viral-specific CTL could be generated by fragments of a complex polypeptide antigen, the influenza hemagglutinin, and offer the possibility of analyzing specific antigenic determinants recognized by cytolytic T cells.
A serum C3-activating factor: its characterization and its presence in glomerular deposits.
Authors: Roberts J L , Levy M , Chioros P G , Bartlow B G , Forristal J , West C D , Habib R , Lewis E J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A non-IgG C3 activating factor (C3AF) isolated from the serum and plasma of a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with subendothelial and subepithelial deposits (type III) was studied to define its molecular structure, functional characteristics, and presence in renal biopsies. Alternative complement pathway (ACP) activation of C3 was comparable to that of zymosan, but significantly less than that of IgG C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF). Functionally active isolate contained beta 1H globulin (beta 1H) and the C3AF protein, which had a gamma-electrophoretic migration. beta 1H present in the isolate exhibited an altered gamma-beta electrophoretic mobility. The function of this complex is heat labile. Time/temperature studies demonstrated that inactivated preparations of this isolate show a return to the normal beta migration of beta 1H followed by the development of an alpha 2 electrophoretic migration of the previously gamma-migrating material of functionally active isolate. Normal human serums contain an alpha 2 protein that shows complete antigenic identity with the gamma protein of C3AF, but this alpha 2 protein lacks C3 activating function. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the C3AF isolate contains a high m.w. protein of 500,000 to 590,000 that is composed of 2 major subunits. Carbohydrate is not demonstrable, and the protein is antigenically distinct from plasma fibronectin. Immunofluorescence studies of renal biopsies of patients with types I and III MPGN revealed the presence of C3AF antigen in granular deposits in 10 of 16 cases. The presence of this antigen in glomerular deposits was associated with C3 and beta 1H, but was independent of Ig. These studies suggest that the mechanism of ACP activation by C3AF results from interference with beta 1H function. The presence of this material in renal biopsies from some MPGN patients further suggests a pathogenetic role in mediating glomerular pathology.
Perturbation of early development of the immune system by normal adult lymphoid cells.
Authors: Raybourne R , Arnold L W , Haughton G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seven-day-old C57BL/10 mice injected with 3 X 10(6) normal adult lymph node cells (NAL) from syngeneic donors were compared with uninjected littermates when 5 to 7 wk old. The direct PFC response to sheep erythrocytes was suppressed by 60%. Responses to PHA and Con A but not LPS were suppressed by 60 to 90%. Primary and secondary (after skin graft rejection) MLR responses were suppressed by 30 to 40%. Active suppressor cells were demonstrable in these mice. Skin grafts incompatible for H-2 were rejected in normal time. NAL derived from adult mice conferred the effect, but not cells from 7-day-old donors. Mice inoculated with Rous sarcoma virus within the 1st day of life and 3 X 10(6) NAL at 7 days of age displayed up to 5-fold increased incidence of primary sarcomas.
The generation of cytolytic activity in mixed leukocyte cultures: cortisone-resistant thymocytes are deficient in helper T lymphocytes.
Authors: Lutz C T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cortisone-resistant (CR) thymocytes did not generate cytolytic activity toward H-2 K or D alloantigen unless they were also stimulated by H-2 I or non-H-2 alloantigens, even though spleen cells generated brisk cytolytic activity toward H-2 K or D alone. Backstimulation by stimulating strain T lymphocytes accounted for neither the response of spleen cells toward H-2 K or D alloantigen nor the response of CR thymocytes to a full set of alloantigens. In addition, lack of non-T accessory cells did not account for the CR thymocyte pattern of reactivity. Rather, CR thymocytes appeared to be relatively deficient in helper T lymphocytes (HTL). CR thymocytes generated specific cytolytic activity toward H-2 D alloantigen when T cell growth factors (TCGF) or cloned alloreactive helper T lymphocytes were added to culture. CR thymocytes contained fewer HTL precursors detected at limit dilution than spleen cells did. Thus spleen cells generated cytolytic activity toward class I alloantigens alone, but under the same culture conditions CR thymocytes had to be stimulated by both class I and class II alloantigens. Class II alloantigens may be required to stimulate cytolytic activity only under culture conditions in which class I-reactive HTL are not sufficient to provide a minimal threshold of help.
Human gamma interferon production by leukocytes induced with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T cells.
Authors: von Wussow P , Platsoucas C D , Wiranowska-Stewart M , Stewart W E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 (IgG2), which recognizes the majority of human E-rosette-forming cells, was found to induce interferon (IFN) production in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. This IFN was classified as IFN-gamma by virtue of its acid stability, nonneutralization by antisera recognizing human IFN-alpha and beta, and non-cross-reactivity on bovine kidney cells. OKT3 elicited considerable IFN-gamma yields at a concentration of 1 ng/ml, at which only very low mitogenesis of the lymphocytes measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation was seen. The IFN-gamma activity appeared beginning 3 to 6 hr after stimulation and reached its maximum after 36 hr. Anti-human Lyt3, anti-human Lyt2, or anti-human Lyt1 monoclonal antibodies, recognizing all or the majority of the E-rosette-forming cells, did not elicit IFN-gamma production. The OKT4 monoclonal antibody, which defines a subpopulation of T cells containing cells with helper activity, induced marginal levels of IFN-gamma. In contrast, OKT8 monoclonal antibody (defining cytotoxic/suppressor cells) as well as monoclonal or heterologous antibodies recognizing histocompatibility antigens or surface immunoglobulin failed to induce IFN-gamma production. Heterologous anti-thymocyte globulin or anti-lymphocytic serum were effective IFN-gamma inducers. Cell separation studies of the leukocytes demonstrated that E-rosette-forming cells are responsible for production of IFN-gamma induced by OKT3. Treatment of the leukocyte suspension with OKt3 monoclonal antibody plus complement abolished IFN-gamma production induced by this antibody. These results demonstrate that the OKT3 antibody recognizing an antigen present on the majority of the E-rosette-forming cells alone is sufficient to induce IFN-gamma production. OKT3-positive cells are apparently the producers of this IFN-gamma.
Antigen-dependent proliferation of cloned continuous lines of H-2-restricted influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Andrew M E , Braciale T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antigenic requirements for in vitro proliferation of several cloned continuous lines of H-2-restricted influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been examined. The cloned CTL lines were established from individual splenic CTL precursors obtained from A/JAPAN/305/57 (H2N2)-immune F1 (C57BL/6 X BALB/c) donors. The lines were isolated (by limiting dilution in liquid culture) and expanded in the presence of A/JAPAN/305/57-infected irradiated syngeneic (F1) spleen cells and T cell growth factor (TCGF) of rat spleen origin. Optimal proliferation (and long-term in vitro cultivation) of these H-2-restricted CTL lines required both specific antigenic stimulation in the form of virus-infected syngeneic spleen cells and an exogenous source of TCGF. In addition, the antigenic requirements for proliferation of these lines directly reflected the pattern of H-2-restricted influenza virus-specific recognition at the level of target cell recognition and lysis.
Characterization of an antiserum to guinea pig antithrombin III (AT III). I. Reactivity with guinea pig T lymphocytes.
Authors: Clement L T , Yamashita U , Shevach E M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of studies investigating the effects of antisera prepared against a variety of guinea pig proteins on lymphocyte function, a goat antiserum prepared against a guinea pig gamma-globulin preparation was found to react with guinea pig T lymphocytes. This antiserum, serum 592, contained a significant titer of antibodies that were cytotoxic for a subpopulation of lymph node cells and thymocytes, and mitogenic for lymph node T cells. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis and selective absorptions of the antiserum demonstrated that the antigen recognized on thymocytes was also present on an alpha 2 globulin in guinea pig plasma, which, on the basis of physiochemical characteristics and heparin-binding affinity, appeared to be guinea pig antithrombin III (AT III). Although the antiserum was shown to contain antibodies to both protein and carbohydrate determinants on the AT III molecule, studies comparing the effects of 7 M guanidine and periodate oxidation on the antigenicity of the AT III determinant also recognized on the thymocytes indicated that this shared antigenic determinant was carbohydrate in nature. The thymocyte membrane molecule bearing this determinant was also isolated and was found to be a 210,000-dalton macromolecule that was very sensitive to proteolytic and/or autolytic degradation. These data raise the interesting possibility that guinea pig lymphoid cells may have a membrane-associated protease inhibitor related to plasma AT III.
Characterization of an antiserum to guinea pig antithrombin III (AT III). II. Stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation.
Authors: Yamashita U , Clement L T , Shevach E M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A goat antibody specific for an antigenic determinant shared between guinea pig antithrombin III (AT III) and thymocytes was shown to be mitogenic for lymph node T lymphocytes in the presence of macrophages. Although the antiserum was not mitogenic for purified populations of B lymphocytes, B lymphocytes were as efficient as T lymphocytes in absorbing the mitogenic activity of the serum. The shared antigenic determinant appeared to be carbohydrate in nature in that native and guanidine-treated AT III, but not periodate oxidized AT III, were capable of inhibiting the mitogenic activity of the serum when added continuously to the cultures. The possibility that the plasma protease inhibitor AT III or an antigenically related membrane protein are involved in the regulation of T cell activation is discussed.
Evidence for interaction between T cell populations of tumor-bearing and normal mice in immune suppression.
Authors: Ingenito G G , Calkins C E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells of DBA/2 mice bearing subcutaneous implants of the syngeneic tumor L5178Y induce suppression of the in vitro antibody response of normal spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Cells mediating suppression are detected in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice as early as 24 hr post-implantation but are no longer detected there 15 days post-implantation. These spleen cells are nylon wool nonadherent, sensitive to anti-Thy 1.2 + C and anti-Lyt 1.1 + C, and insensitive to anti-Lyt 2.1 + C treatment. The anti-SRBC response of the unfractionated spleen cells from the tumor-bearing mice is not itself suppressed at the cell numbers used. This along with the finding that suppression occurs in the presence of spleen cells from normal mice suggest that a cell population from the normal mouse spleen is also involved in the suppression. Spleen cells from mice inoculated with irradiated (nonproliferating) L5178Y cells are similarly capable of mediating nonspecific suppression for the same limited period of time after the inoculation. In addition, spleen cells from mice stimulated with several nontumorigenic cellular antigens interact with normal spleen cells to produce suppression. These findings suggest that suppression observed in vitro with spleen cells from these tumor-bearing mice may be the result of antigen-activated cells triggering normal immunoregulatory cells.
Restriction in IgM expression. III. Affinity analysis of monoclonal anti-lactose antibodies.
Authors: Mandal C , Karush F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A clonal analysis has been made of the murine BALB/C response to lactose-containing immunogens with respect to the affinity restriction in IgM expression. Monoclonal IgM and IgG antibodies were prepared from antilactosyl hybridomas generated from mice immunized with p-aminophenyl-beta-lactoside (PAPL) coupled to BGG or with a vaccine of Streptococcus faecalis (Strain N). Association constants for the binding of monovalent derivatives of PAPL were measured by quenching fluorescence. These derivatives carried a probe (2,4-dinitrophenyl or 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl) that served to quench the protein fluorescence when the ligand was complexed with the protein. The central finding was that with both immunogens a restriction in the affinity of IgM was demonstrated since the highest values exhibited by IgG antibody exceeded by at least a factor of 50 the highest comparable values of the association constants for IgM antibody. It is suggested that the hypothesis of germ-line restriction, previously proposed as the basis for the affinity restriction of IgM, may also be applicable to the T cell receptor since its distinctive properties parallel those of IgM antibody.
The adjuvant activity of nonionic block polymer surfactants. I. The role of hydrophile-lipophile balance.
Authors: Hunter R , Strickland F , Kézdy F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We developed an experimental model for studying the physicochemical basis of the adjuvant activity of surface-active agents. Pluronic polyols are chemically similar but physicochemically diverse surface-active agents composed of polymers of hydrophilic polyoxyethylene and lipophilic polyoxypropylene. One of them, L121, was found to be a powerful adjuvant for increasing antibody formation to BSA in mice when injected in an oil-in-water emulsion. Another, L101, was less effective in increasing antibody formation, but was more effective in inducing granulomatous inflammation. Three others had little effect on either response. The ability of these and other surface active agents to serve as adjuvants correlated with a physicochemical parameter, the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB). All of the surfactants with strong adjuvant activity have HLB values of less than 2. They are strongly lipophilic and promote the retention of macromolecules by oil drops in oil-in-water emulsions. We propose that the adjuvant activity of these compounds is dependent on their ability to concentrate the adjuvant, immunogen, and host proteins on hydrophobic surfaces, where they are more effectively presented to cells of the immune system.
Activation of human neutrophils with 1-O-hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor).
Authors: Shaw J O , Pinckard R N , Ferrigni K S , McManus L M , Hanahan D J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
1-O-Hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), the acetylated alkyl phosphoglyceride known as platelet-activating factor, stimulated human neutrophil (PMN) exocytosis, migration, superoxide production and aggregation over a concentration range of 10(-10) to 10(-5) M. AGEPC-induced PMN exocytosis of azurophilic (myeloperoxidase and beta-glucuronidase) and specific (lactoferrin and lysozyme) lysosomal granules was rapid (T 1/2 = 20 sec), dependent on the presence of cytochalasin B, but was not associated with release of cytoplasmic LDH. As seen with the complement-derived peptide stimulus, C5a, AGEPC-initiated PMN enzyme release was dependent on temperature and cellular glycolysis but not on the presence of extracellular Ca++. When analyzed by gradient analysis, PMN migration caused by AGEPC was primarily chemotactic in nature. An unusual feature for both enzyme secretion and migration was a decrease in response between 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M AGEPC. This decreased responsiveness could be explained by rapid PMN desensitization occurring at high AGEPC concentrations, limiting the overall cellular response. Rapid desensitization for exocytosis was demonstrated in PMN stimulated with AGEPC in the absence of cytochalasin B. When cytochalasin B was added subsequently and PMN challenged with AGEPC or C5a, stimulus-specific desensitization to AGEPC but not C5a-induced lysosomal enzyme release occurred. PMN desensitized to C5a responded normally to a subsequent AGEPC challenge. Stimulation of all the PMN functions examined was markedly attenuated with removal of the 2-acetyl group from AGEPC (lyso GEPC). These results suggest that AGEPC stimulates a wide variety of human PMN responses by a receptor-like mechanism, dependent on the short chain fatty acid ester in the 2-position of the alkyl phosphoglyceride.
Glucocorticoid receptors and in vitro corticosensitivity of peanut-positive and peanut-negative human thymocyte subpopulations.
Authors: Ranelletti F O , Piantelli M , Iacobelli S , Musiani P , Longo P , Lauriola L , Marchetti P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 6 human thymus glands, the immature subset of thymocytes was separated from the more mature one, by differential peanut lectin agglutination. These 2 cell subpopulations were analyzed for glucocorticoid receptor content by using a whole cell assay, with (3H)-triamcinolone acetonide as tracer. The unagglutinated thymocytes (peanut negative) contained about 2 times more receptor sites per cell than agglutinated (peanut positive) ones (7650 +/- 1550 S.D. verus 3195 +/- 896 S.D.). The affinity for steroid was similar in both cell subsets, as was the stereospecificity for glucocorticoids, the time-course of steroid-receptor association, and cytoplasmic to nuclear translocation. Despite the greater number of glucocorticoid receptor sites, the peanut-negative thymocyte subpopulation did not differ from the peanut-positive one in its sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of triamcinolone acetonide, as determined by measurements of the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein and DNA. Moreover, the peanut-negative subset appeared more resistant in vitro to the steroid-induced cell lysis as compared to the peanut-positive one. Thus, our data suggest that glucocorticoid receptor density and corticosensitivity are not directly correlated and that the number of glucocorticoid receptor sites may be dependent on the degree of immunologic maturation.