bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A temperature-robust level-set approach for eigenfrequency optimization
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Bonaccorsi Giacomo , Braghin Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe optimization of target eigenfrequencies is crucial for several engineering applications, including dynamical systems. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) used in time-keeping applications, for example, require exceptional frequency stability. Most eigenfrequency structural optimization methods focus on a deterministic approach, often neglecting potential fluctuations in operational conditions. Among these, temperature variations have long been known to have a detrimental effect on the natural frequencies of a structure. In this work, we show how eigenfrequency optimization can be applied to the field of structural dynamics while minimizing the variance of natural frequencies caused by external temperature uncertainties. To accomplish this, we employ a level-set optimization algorithm, known for its computational efficiency and ability to define crisp interfaces.
Homological growth of Artin kernels in positive characteristic
Authors: Fisher Sam P. , Hughes Sam , Leary Ian J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove an analogue of the Lück Approximation Theorem in positive characteristic for certain residually finite rationally soluble (RFRS) groups including right-angled Artin groups and Bestvina–Brady groups. Specifically, we prove that the mod p homology growth equals the dimension of the group homology with coefficients in a certain universal division ring and this is independent of the choice of residual chain. For general RFRS groups we obtain an inequality between the invariants. We also consider a number of applications to fibring, amenable category, and minimal volume entropy.
Acetic acid, growth rate, and mass transfer govern shifts in CO metabolism of Clostridium autoethanogenum
Authors: Elisiário Marina P. , Van Hecke Wouter , De Wever Heleen , Noorman Henk , Straathof Adrie J. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Syngas fermentation is a leading microbial process for the conversion of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen to valuable biochemicals. Clostridium autoethanogenum stands as a model organism for this process, showcasing its ability to convert syngas into ethanol industrially with simultaneous fixation of carbon and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A deep understanding on the metabolism of this microorganism and the influence of operational conditions on fermentation performance is key to advance the technology and enhancement of production yields. In this work, we studied the individual impact of acetic acid concentration, growth rate, and mass transfer rate on metabolic shifts, product titres, and rates in CO fermentation by C. autoethanogenum. Through continuous fermentations performed at a low mass transfer rate, we measured the production of formate in addition to acetate and ethanol. We hypothesise that low mass transfer results in low CO concentrations, leading to reduced activity of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway and a bottleneck in formate conversion, thereby resulting in the accumulation of formate. The supplementation of the medium with exogenous acetate revealed that undissociated acetic acid concentration increases and governs ethanol yield and production rates, assumedly to counteract the inhibition by undissociated acetic acid. Since acetic acid concentration is determined by growth rate (via dilution rate), mass transfer rate, and working pH, these variables jointly determine ethanol production rates. These findings have significant implications for process optimisation as targeting an optimal undissociated acetic acid concentration can shift metabolism towards ethanol production.

Key points
• Very low CO mass transfer rate leads to leaking of intermediate metabolite formate.
• Undissociated acetic acid concentration governs ethanol yield on CO and productivity.
• Impact of growth rate, mass transfer rate, and pH were considered jointly.

Graphical abstract
Gunshot wounds in parenchymatous organs: the morphology mainly depends on the physical properties of the affected tissues*
Authors: Thoma V. , Franchetti G. , Geisenberger D. , Glardon M. , Kromeier J. , Mierdel K. , Pollak S. , Wimmer S. , Perdekamp M. Große 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn contrast to gunshot wounds in skin and bone, the medico-legal literature pays little attention to the appearance of bullet penetration sites in abdominal organs. It was only in 1983 that Metter and Schulz published an article entitled “Morphological features of gunshot wounds in the liver and spleen.” According to their observations, the organs in question showed stellate tears at the bullet penetration sites resembling skin wounds from contact shots to body regions having a bony support. The study presented simulated the real conditions by means of test shots to composite models consisting of porcine organs embedded in ballistic gelatin. The ammunition used was pistol cartridges 9 mm Luger with full metal jacket round nose bullets. The shots were video-documented with a high-speed camera in order to record the bullet’s travel through the target. In addition, the composite models fired at underwent CT examinations followed by a macroscopic assessment of the organs. The study confirmed the findings of Metter and Schulz with regard to the star-like appearance of gunshot wounds in the liver and spleen. Likewise, the kidney showed radiating tears originating from the bullet path, whereas the wound track in pulmonary tissue was tube-shaped and lacked additional cracks. The varying wound patterns in parenchymatous organs can reasonably be explained as a consequence of the respective viscoelastic tissue properties.
Natural variation and genetic loci underlying resistance to grain shattering in standing crop of modern wheat
Authors: Emebiri Livinus , Hildebrand Shane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModern wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cultivars have a free-threshing habit, which allows for easy manual or mechanical threshing. However, when harvesting is delayed or extreme weather events occur at harvest time, grain shattering can cause severe loss of harvestable yield. In the past, grain size was considered a predisposing factor as large, plump kernels can lead to buckling and breaking of the outer glume, but the correlation between glume strength and shattering is not strong in modern wheat, and it is hypothesised that there may be other genetic mechanisms. Data from two bi-parent populations and a wheat diversity panel were analyzed to explore the underlying genetic basis for grain shattering observed in multiple field experiments through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. Grain shattering had a significant and negative association with grain yield, irrespective of populations and environments. The correlation with plant height was positive in all populations, but correlations with phenology were population specific, being negative in the diversity panel and the Drysdale × Waagan population, and positive in the Crusader × RT812 population. In the wheat diversity panel, allelic variations at well-known major genes (Rht-B1, Rht-D1andPpd-D1) showed minimal association with grain shattering. Instead, the genome-wide analysis identified a single locus on chromosome 2DS, which explained 50% of the phenotypic variation, and mapping to ~ 10 Mb fromTenacious glume(Tg) gene. In the Drysdale × Waagan cross, however, thereduced height(Rht) genes showed major effects on grain shattering. At theRht-B1locus, theRht-B1ballele was associated with 10.4 cm shorter plant height, and 18% decreased grain shattering, whereasRht-D1breduced plant height by 11.4 cm and reduced grain shattering by 20%. Ten QTL were detected in the Crusader × RT812, including a major locus detected on the long arm of chromosome 5A. All the QTL identified in this population were non-pleiotropic, as they were still significant even after removing the influence of plant height. In conclusion, these results indicated a complex genetic system for grain shattering in modern wheat, which varied with genetic background, involved pleiotropic as well as independent gene actions, and which might be different from shattering in wild wheat species caused by major domestication genes. The influence ofRhtgenes was confirmed, and this provides valuable information in breeding crops of the future. Further, the SNP marker close toTgon chromosome 2DS should be considered for utility in marker-assisted selection.
Practice patterns of hepatobiliary surgery within the military
Authors: Suydam Camille R. , Aranda Marcos C. , O’Hara Thomas A. , Kobylarz Fred C. , Liang Joy N. , Bandera Bradley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the trends of hepatobiliary surgeries performed at military hospitals and to discuss potential implications on resident training and military readiness. While there is data to suggest centralization of surgical specialty services leads to improved patient outcomes, the military does not currently have a specific centralization policy. Implementation of such a policy could potentially impact resident training and readiness of military surgeons. Even in the absence of such a policy, there may still be a trend toward centralization of more complex surgeries like hepatobiliary surgeries. The present study evaluates the numbers and types of hepatobiliary procedures performed at military hospitals.

Methods
This study is a retrospective review of de-identified data from Military Health System Mart (M2) from 2014 to 2020. The M2 database contains patient data from all Defense Health Agency treatment facilities, encompassing all branches of the United States Military. Variables collected include number and types of hepatobiliary procedures performed and patient demographics. The primary endpoint was the number and type of surgery for each medical facility. Linear regression was used to evaluate significant trends in numbers of surgeries over time.

Results
Fifty-five military hospitals performed hepatobiliary surgeries from 2014 to 2020. A total of 1,087 hepatobiliary surgeries were performed during this time; cholecystectomies, percutaneous procedures, and endoscopic procedures were excluded. There was no significant decrease in overall case volume. The most commonly performed hepatobiliary surgery was “unlisted laparoscopic liver procedure.” The military training facility with the most hepatobiliary cases was Brooke Army Medical Center.

Conclusion
The number of hepatobiliary surgeries performed in military hospitals has not significantly decreased over the years 2014–2020, despite a national trend toward centralization. Centralization of hepatobiliary surgeries in the future may impact residency training as well as military medical readiness.
A study on the effect of nutrition education based on the goal attainment theory on oral nutritional supplementation after colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Pi Jun-fang , Zhou Jing , Lu Ling-ling , Li Lan , Mao Chen-rong , Jiang Ling 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To
investigate their compliance with postoperative oral nutritional supplementation and nutritional outcomes.

Methods
A total of 84 patients with colorectal cancer surgery with NRS-2002 risk score ≥ 3 who were treated with oral nutritional supplementation were selected and divided into control and observation groups according to the random number table method, with 42 cases in each group. The control group received conventional oral nutritional supplementation and dietary nutrition education; the observation group established a nutrition intervention group based on the Goal Attainment Theory and carried out individualized nutrition education based on the Goal Attainment Theory. The nutritional indicators at 1 day postoperative, 7 days postoperative, oral nutritional supplementation adherence scores at 7 and 14 days postoperative, and the attainment rate of trans-oral nutritional intake at 21 days postoperative were compared between the 2 groups of patients.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the nutritional status indexes of the 2 groups of patients before the intervention, p > 0.05; when comparing the prealbumin of the 2 groups of patients at 7 days postoperatively, the prealbumin level of the patients in the observation group at 7 days postoperatively (200.25 ± 53.25) was better than that of the control group (165.73 ± 43.00), with a p value of 0.002, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparison of oral nutritional supplementation adherence scores at 7 and 14 days postoperatively showed that ONS treatment adherence scores were better than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). When comparing the attainment rate of oral nutritional intake at 21 days after surgery, the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Nutritional education based on the Goal Attainment Theory can effectively improve the adherence to oral nutritional supplementation therapy and protein intake attainment rate of colorectal cancer patients after surgery and effectively improve the nutritional status of patients.
Knowledge, feelings, and willingness to use palliative care in cancer patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: a prospective, cross-sectional study in a comprehensive cancer center in Germany
Authors: Gebel Cordula , Basten Judith , Kruschel Isabel , Ernst Thomas , Wedding Ulrich 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) receive palliative care (PC) less often and later than patients with solid tumors (ST). Patients’ lack of knowledge about PC and negative feelings about PC are barriers to their willingness to use PC. Is there a difference between patients with HM and ST in their knowledge and willingness to use PC?

Methods
Two hundred ten patients (85 HM, 125 ST) from an oncology day clinic at a university hospital participated in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey.

Results
Patients with HM and ST had high knowledge and mainly positive feelings about PC. More than half of the patients answered that they would feel reassured by the use of PC, and one-third would feel anxious or hopeless. The majority of patients (58.3%) were willing to use PC. There are no significant differences between patients with HM and ST. In multiple regression analysis, perceived chance of cure and feelings of reassurance and anxiety are associated with willingness to use PC, but not with the HM/ST disease group. More than half (53.9%) of the participants would like the treating physician to choose the timing of a discussion about PC.

Conclusion
Our study shows a high level of knowledge and relatively positive feelings of patients about PC, with no differences between patients with HM or ST. They expect their treating physician to initiate communication about PC. Communication should include the patient’s feelings about PC and their chances of a cure.
Obesity classification predicts early complications and mortality after acetabular fracture
Authors: Wier Julian , Firoozabadi Reza , Patterson Joseph T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Obesity remains a global epidemic. The effect of obesity on the risk of complications after acetabular fracture is unknown. Here, we evaluate the effect of BMI on early complications and mortality after acetabular fracture. We hypothesize that the risk of inpatient complications and mortality will be greater in patients with high BMI when compared to those with normal BMI.

Methods
Adult patients with acetabular fracture were identified via the Trauma Quality Improvement Program data from 2015 to 2019. The primary outcome was overall complication rate with reference to normal-weight patients (BMI = 25–30 kg/m2). The secondary outcome was rates of death. The association of obesity class on the primary and secondary outcomes was assessed using Bonferroni-corrected multiple logistic regression models considering patient, injury, and treatment covariates.

Results
A total of 99,721 patients with acetabular fracture were identified. Class I obesity (BMI = 30–35 kg/m2) was associated with 1.2 greater adjusted relative risk (aRR; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.3) of any adverse event, without significant increases in adjusted risk of death. Class II obesity (BMI = 35–40 kg/m2) was associated with aRR = 1.2 (95% CI 1.1–1.3) of any adverse event and aRR = 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–2.0) of death. Class III obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) was associated with aRR = 1.3 (95% CI 1.2–1.4) of any adverse event and aRR = 2.3 (95% CI 1.8–2.9) of death.

Conclusion
Obesity is associated greater risk of adverse events and death following acetabular fracture. Obesity severity classification scales with these risks.
Controlling weighted voting games by deleting or adding players with or without changing the quota
Authors: Kaczmarek Joanna , Rothe Jörg 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWeighted voting games are a well-studied class of succinct simple games that can be used to model collective decision-making in, e.g., legislative bodies such as parliaments and shareholder voting. Power indices [1–4] are used to measure the influence of players in weighted voting games. In such games, it has been studied how a distinguished player’s power can be changed, e.g., by merging or splitting players (the latter is a.k.a. false-name manipulation) [5, 6], by changing the quota [7], or via structural control by adding or deleting players [8]. We continue the work on the structural control initiated by Rey and Rothe [8] by solving some of their open problems. In addition, we also modify their model to a more realistic setting in which the quota is indirectly changed during the addition or deletion of players (in a different sense than that of Zuckerman et al. [7] who manipulate the quota directly without changing the set of players), and we study the corresponding problems in terms of their computational complexity.
Assessment of the potential of the MET inhibitor tepotinib to affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4 and P-gp substrates
Authors: Yalkinoglu Özkan , Becker Andreas , Krebs-Brown Axel , Vetter Claudia , Lüpfert Christian , Perrin Dominique , Heuer Jürgen , Biedert Herlind , Hirt Stefan , Bytyqi Afrim , Bachmann Angelika , Strotmann Rainer 
Published: July 2023

SummaryTepotinib is a highly selective, potent, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) inhibitor, approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations. The aims of this work were to investigate the potential for drug-drug interactions via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5 or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. In vitro studies were conducted in human liver microsomes, human hepatocyte cultures and Caco-2 cell monolayers to investigate whether tepotinib or its major metabolite (MSC2571109A) inhibited or induced CYP3A4/5 or inhibited P-gp. Two clinical studies were conducted to investigate the effect of multiple dose tepotinib (500 mg once daily orally) on the single dose pharmacokinetics of a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate (midazolam 7.5 mg orally) and a P-gp substrate (dabigatran etexilate 75 mg orally) in healthy participants. Tepotinib and MSC2571109A showed little evidence of direct or time-dependent CYP3A4/5 inhibition (IC50 > 15 μM) in vitro, although MSC2571109A did show mechanism-based CYP3A4/5 inhibition. Tepotinib did not induce CYP3A4/5 activity in vitro, although both tepotinib and MSC2571109A increased CYP3A4 mRNA. In clinical studies, tepotinib had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam or its metabolite 1’-hydroxymidazolam. Tepotinib increased dabigatran maximum concentration and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity by 38% and 51%, respectively. These changes were not considered to be clinically relevant. Tepotinib was considered safe and well tolerated in both studies. The potential of tepotinib to cause clinically relevant DDI with CYP3A4- or P-gp-dependent drugs at the clinical dose is considered low. Study 1 (midazolam): NCT03628339 (registered 14 August 2018). Study 2 (dabigatran): NCT03492437 (registered 10 April 2018).
Water and sediment pollution of intensively used surface waters during a drought period — a case study in Central Northern Namibia
Authors: Faulstich Leona , Arendt Robert , Reinhardt-Imjela Christian , Schulte Achim , Lengricht Joachim , Johannes Petrina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSemiarid regions are often affected by water scarcity and poor water quality. Seasonal changes in precipitation and drought events increase the pressure of use on water bodies and their pollution. In Central Northern Namibia, a high seasonal intra- and inter-annual variability of precipitation caused a 5-year lasting drought period. In the semiarid region, ephemeral channels and water pans represent the main water source, besides the institutionalized water supply. No systematic analysis of its quality has been conducted so far. The states of the surface waters at the end of the dry season in 2017 and the end of the rainy seasons in 2018 and 2019 were characterized by the analysis of physical–chemical parameters, focusing on usability. The first results show coarse contamination of the waters, which results in high turbidity values. Salt concentrations, such as Ca2+ and Na+, greatly increased due to evaporation. Al is present in high concentrations in solid and liquid phases, which indicates direct anthropogenic pollution. Spatial differences are evident in the study area and based on the precipitation gradient, land use, and population density. The waters cannot be used as drinking water without prior treatment.
Replanting challenges among Indonesian oil palm smallholders: a narrative review
Authors: Petri Heinrich , Hendrawan Dienda , Bähr Tobias , Musshoff Oliver , Wollni Meike , Asnawi Rosyani , Faust Heiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree decades after their establishment, many smallholder oil palm plantations are overmatured and will require replanting soon. Replanting offers a unique opportunity to redesign plantations, close yield gaps, boost farm productivity, and secure livelihoods. However, replanting requires knowledge, inputs, and financing. If postponed or done sluggishly, replanting could further exacerbate existing socioeconomic and environmental challenges in smallholder oil palm cultivation. We collected literature relevant to the replanting of oil palm and created a narrative literature review to highlight the challenges that smallholders face during replanting. We identified access to inputs, finances, and knowledge as paramount challenges that might influence smallholders’ decisions about when, how, and what to replant. Barriers to successful smallholder replanting in Indonesia are a lack of knowledge on replanting and proper training, uneven access to high-quality seedlings, as well as uneven eligibility for public replanting funds. We finish the review with recommendations for policymakers and researchers on how to overcome the challenges replanting holds and emphasize the opportunities replanting offers.