bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limiting Measures and Energy Growth for Sequences of Solutions to Taubes’s Seiberg–Witten Equations
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel , de Lizaur Francisco Torres 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider sequences of solutions $$(\psi _n,A_n)_{n=1}^\infty $$

(

ψ
n

,

A
n

)

n
=
1

∞

to Taubes’s modified Seiberg–Witten equations, associated with a fixed volume-preserving vector field X on a 3-manifold and corresponding to arbitrarily large values of the strength parameter $$r_n\rightarrow \infty $$

r
n

→
∞

. In Taubes’s work, the asymptotic behavior of these solutions is related to the dynamics of X. We consider the rather unexplored case of sequences of solutions whose energy is not uniformly bounded as $$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

. Our first main result shows that when the energy grows more slowly than $$r_n^{1/2}$$

r
n

1
/
2

, the limiting nodal set of the solutions converges to an invariant set of the vector field X. The main tool we use is a novel maximum principle for the solutions with the key property that it remains valid in the unbounded energy case. As a byproduct, in the usual case of sequences of solutions with bounded energy, we obtain a new, more straightforward proof of Taubes’s result on the existence of periodic orbits that does not involve a local analysis or the vortex equations. Our second main result proves that, contrary to what happens in the bounded energy case, when the energy is unbounded there are no local restrictions to the limiting measures that may arise in the modified Seiberg–Witten equations. Furthermore, we obtain a connection between the dimension of the support of the limiting measure (as expressed through a d-Frostman property) and the energy growth of the sequence of local solutions we construct.
Wake tail plane interactions for a tandem wing configuration in high-speed stall conditions
Authors: Kleinert Johannes , Ehrle Maximilian , Waldmann Andreas , Lutz Thorsten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, wake-tail plane interactions are investigated for a tandem wing configuration in buffet conditions, consisting of two untapered and unswept wing segments, using hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes / Large Eddy Simulations (RANS/LES) with the Automated Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (AZDES) method. The buffet on the front wing and the development of its turbulent wake are characterized, including a spectral analysis of the fluctuations in the wake and a modal analysis of the flow. The impact of the wake on the aerodynamics and loads of the rear wing is then studied, with a spectral analysis of its lift and surface pressure oscillations. Finally, the influence of the position and the incidence angle of the rear wing is investigated. For the considered flow conditions, 2D buffet is present on the front wing. During the downstream movement of the shock, the amount of separation reaches its minimum and small vortices are present in the wake. During the upstream movement of the shock, the amount of separation is at its maximum and large turbulent structures are present accompanied by high fluctuation levels. A distinct peak in the corresponding spectra can be associated with vortex shedding behind the wing. The impingement of the wake leads to a strong variation of the loading of the rear wing. A low-frequent oscillation of the lift, attributed to the change of the intensity of the downwash generated by the front segment, can be distinguished from high-frequent fluctuations that are caused by the impingement of the wake’s turbulent structures.
Technical design of an IH-type buncher for KoBRA at RAON
Authors: Hoeltermann H. , Ratzinger U. , Schweizer W. , Strehl D. , Schwarz M. , Haehnel H. , Tshoo K. , Ham C. , Kwak D. , Shin T. S. , Yoon D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo satisfy the beam requirement of the KoBRA experiment (0.5 nsec in 1σ), rebunching is required in the energy range up to 15 A MeV and for particles with an A/q range from 1 to 7. In cooperation with IBS and Hanmac Corporation, BEVATECH proposed a five-gap IH-buncher cavity which has excellent bunching properties from 5 to 15 MeV/u. Main challenges in this project are the wide energy range and CW operation at RF power levels up to 20 kW. The cavity will offer an effective voltage amplitude of up to 1 MV. To provide the required cooling channels and cooling efficiency, the stems and drifttubes of this cavity will be 3D printed. This paper will discuss the technical design approach and give a status on the development of the buncher cavity.
Numerical Investigation of the Time-of-Flight and Wave Energy Dependent Hybrid Method for Structural Damage Detection
Authors: Diab Alaa , Nestorović Tamara 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Structural damage can be caused by various factors such as aging, environmental conditions, and unexpected events like earthquakes. Early detection of damage is crucial to prevent further deterioration, avoid catastrophic failure, and reduce maintenance costs. Damage detection methods that use piezoelectric sensors have gained popularity due to their non-destructive and non-invasive nature. Despite the progress made in the field of damage detection using piezoelectric sensors, there is still a need to improve the accuracy and reliability of those methods.

Objective
This study aims to contribute to this by investigating the damage detection hybrid method, which uses the time-of-flight (ToF) criteria of acquired signals besides the energy loss damage index (DI) between damaged and intact states of a specimen, and exploring its possible improvements. The improvement potential in the investigated method regarding the signal processing details and the specification of the ToF used within the method, where the lack of information has been identified. Thus, the present study concentrates on those factors to get more benefit of the suggested method and extend its applicability.

Results
The investigated factors play significant role in the accuracy and reliability of the method. By analyzing these criteria, this study contributes to the development of more advanced and reliable damage detection methods that can be applied to a wide range of structures, improving the ability to assess their structural health and safety. This study provides a better understanding of the hybrid method and contributes to the development of more accurate and reliable damage detection methods. The results of this study indicate that the proposed hybrid method effectively detects damage in the structural components under investigation with high accuracy and reliability.

Methods
A 2D concrete plate is utilized to apply the proposed methodology. Hereby, various ToF criteria, truncation strategies of the signals, and the number of piezoelectric transducers used in the numerical experiment are examined to investigate their impact on the damage detection accuracy.

Conclusion
Performance of the method was found to be significantly affected by selection of the investigated parameters, as well as of the number and placement of sensors. The findings suggest that a thorough analysis of these criteria can lead to further improvements in the accuracy and reliability of damage detection methods.
Planning the Closure of Surface Coal Mines Based on Circular Economy Principles
Authors: Pavloudakis Francis , Roumpos Christos , Spanidis Philip-Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ongoing energy transition is expected to lead to the closure of many coal and lignite mines in the coming years, jeopardizing economic growth and social cohesion. The closure of a mine is a complex process that must be completed in accordance with the legislation and the environmental permit. The scope of this study is to prove that circular economy principles can contribute to the successful completion of a mine closure project, moving things beyond the narrow margins of legislation in two ways: (i) maximizing the recovery of materials with residual value and reducing the volume of discarded waste and (ii) by preparing rehabilitated mine land to be suitable for new uses that will assist in mitigating the economic and social impact and supporting sustainable development at the local and regional level. In this frame, based on the authors’ experience in mine planning and land reclamation projects, a series of new Rs are added to the three basics (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in order to enhance materials and land management during mine closure. Furthermore, the closure of the lignite mines in the Greek Region of Western Macedonia is investigated. In this case, land reclamation projects and land uses were redesigned based on the principles of the circular economy and sustainable development goals, incorporating interventions such as the construction of photovoltaic parks and pumped storage systems and industrial areas. Based on these facts, the study concludes that the proposed approach for mine closure contributes to the achievement of the objectives of both the mining enterprises and the local governments that are seeking a new development model based on the inherent advantages of their region.
A do-it-yourself test protocol using commercial Bacillus atrophaeus spores to evaluate the effectiveness of ultraviolet-C light room-decontamination devices
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe developed a do-it-yourself test protocol using commercial Bacillus atrophaeus spores to assess the efficacy of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light room-decontamination devices. Overall, 4 UV-C devices reduced B. atrophaeus by ≥3 log10 colony-forming units in 10 minutes, whereas a smaller device required 60 minutes. Of 10 in-use devices, only 1 was ineffective.
Population dynamics and conservation status of the white-headed langur in the Chongzuo forest fragments, Guangxi, China
Authors: Tang Hua Xing , Huang Heng Lian , Wang Zen Xing , Wu Jian Bao , Wang Ai Long , Nong Deng Pan , Garber Paul A. , Zhou Qi Hai , Huang Cheng Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present the results of two population surveys conducted 10 years apart (December 2010–February 2011 and December 2020–January 2021) of the Critically Endangered white-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus in the Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China. In the first survey, we recorded 818 individuals in 105 groups and 16 solitary adult males. In the second survey, we recorded 1,183 individuals in 128 groups and one solitary adult male. As a result of government policies, poaching for food and traditional medicine is no longer a primary threat to these langurs. However, severe forest loss and fragmentation caused by human activities could limit any future increase of this langur population.
A systematic review of economic evaluations for RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease including HTA assessment of broader value
Authors: Farris Maria , Goodall Stephen , De Abreu Lourenco Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To summarize the key methodological challenges identified by health technology assessment (HTA) agencies assessing gene therapy (GT) and consideration of broad elements of value.

Method
Economic evaluations (EEs) of voretigene neparvovec (VN) in RPE65-mediated inherited retinal disease (IRD) published in English were selected. HTA evaluations from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, England, and the United States were reviewed. An existing methodological framework was used to identify the challenges and considerations.

Results
Eight unique EEs were identified of which six were evaluated by HTA agencies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $68,951 to $643,813 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained (healthcare perspective) and dominant to $480,130 per QALY gained (societal perspective). The key challenges were the lack of validated surrogate outcome, utility values and indirect costs from IRD patients, and limited evidence of the long-term treatment effect. Two HTA agencies reviewed a range of novel broader elements of value and whether they were associated with VN while other agencies discussed some elements of broader value. Caregiver disutility was included in some, but not all, evaluations.

Conclusion
The methodological challenges were consistent with innovative interventions for rare diseases and managed using standard methods. Broader value was important to decision-makers but inconsistently applied across agencies. Possible reasons are limitations in the evidence available of the broader benefits that VN offers and how to incorporate these within an EE. A need exists for greater guidance and consistency across jurisdictions regarding the consideration of broader value that considers latest best practice.
Selecting and ranking leading cases in Brazilian Supreme Court decisions
Authors: De Souza Jackson José , Finger Marcelo , de Araújo Jorge Alberto A. , Maranhão Juliano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work studies quantitative measures for ranking judicial decisions by the Brazilian Supreme Court [Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF)] and selecting leading cases, which are understood as those with broadness of influence on different legal fields. The measures are based on a network built over decisions whose cases were finalized in the Brazilian Supreme Court between 01/2001 and 12/2019, which were obtained by crawling publicly available STF records. Three ranking measures are proposed; two are adaptations of the PageRank algorithm, and one adapts Kleinberg’s algorithm. Such measures are compared with respect to agreement on top 100 rankings; we also analyze each robustness measure based on self-agreement under perturbation.We examine whether the resulting quantitative ranking is congenial to a qualitative intuition of what the legal community usually considers as relevant precedents. We also discuss some possible criteria of relevance in the seek for patterns that suggest how quantitative and qualitative measures would better align. The ranking of leading cases and relevant decisions improved after building decision networks without irrelevant appeals and decisions that overflow the court offers a starting point to discuss the role of STF in the Brazilian judicial system.In our last work, both versions of PageRank and Kleinberg algorithms produced different rankings and all of them were robust with respect to 10% and 20%-perturbation levels, but none of them retrieved leading cases at the top of these rankings. Then, we took a further step in the studies of the STF decision network and we introduced better filtering of network nodes guided by legal expertise on the works of the Supreme Court. We also introduced more fine-grained perturbance levels to understand the impact of such filters in the STF decision network. We concluded that after filtering low-relevance decision types, the STF decision network is still robust under 10%-perturbation, but it presents higher degradation by increasing perturbation levels. The two versions of PageRank still produce different rankings. Kleinberg’s algorithm provides a different ranking, with many relevant criminal cases. Although we improved algorithms rankings filtering decisions from the network, which represents an important methodological step, there is still room for improvement. Given that relevant decisions are well ranked after filtering out a large amount of irrelevant decisions, the results set a starting point to discuss the role of STF in the Brazilian judicial system.
Association between socioeconomic deprivation and incidence of infectious intestinal disease by pathogen and linked transmission route: An ecological analysis in the UK
Authors: Buczkowska Matylda , Butt Saira , Jenkins Claire , Hungerford Dan , Hawker Jeremy , Verlander Neville Q. , O’Connell Anne-Marie , Byrne Lisa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Infectious intestinal disease (IID) studies conducted at different levels of the surveillance pyramid have found heterogeneity in the association of socioeconomic deprivation with illness. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between socioeconomic deprivation and incidence of IID by certain gastrointestinal pathogens reported to UKHSA. Data were extracted from 2015 to 2018 for Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Giardia species, and norovirus. Rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years by the index of multiple deprivation quintile, and an ecological analysis was conducted using univariant and multvariable regression models for each pathogen. Incidence of Campylobacter, and Giardia species decreased with increasing deprivation. Conversely, the incidence of norovirus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella typhi/paratyphi, Shigella species increased with increasing deprivation. Multivariable analysis results showed that higher deprivation was significantly associated with higher odds of higher number of cases for Shigella flexneri, norovirus and S. typhi/paratyphi. Infections most associated with deprivation were those transmitted by person-to-person spread, and least associated were those transmitted by zoonotic contamination of the environment. Person-to-person transmission can be contained by implementing policies targeting over-crowding and poor hygiene. This approach is likely to be the most effective solution for the reduction of IID.
Astrobiology: resolution of the statistical Drake equation by Maccone's lognormal method in 50 steps
Authors: Mieli E. , Valli A. M. F. , Maccone C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe authors use the mathematical tool of Maccone's lognormal distribution to further factor the Drake equation, which calculates the number of advanced civilizations in the galaxy, from the seven original levels of the Drake equation to 49 levels of overall analysis. The Maccone approach, in fact, supported by the central limit theorem, becomes more reliable the more levels are introduced. The resulting study necessarily draws upon an array of disciplines ranging from astronomy, chemistry and geology to biology, palaeontology and futurology. The final result calculates the number of planetary systems suitable for life in its various stages of development: those which have probably hosted life in the past and those which still host it at its various evolutionary levels. The final evolutionary level is the so-called galactic civilization (often called ETC, or extraterrestrial civilizations). The number of resulting galactic civilizations is divided betweenstaticcivilizations, which do not move around the galaxy and whose Kardašëv rating is still low (<1.4), of which we find three examples (we ourselves plus, perhaps, two others), and potentiallydynamiccivilizations, which move around the galaxy and have a sufficiently high Kardašëv rating (≥1.4), of which we find 2000.
Can Domestic Environmental Courts Implement International Environmental Law? A Framework for Institutional Analysis
Authors: Angstadt J. Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapid and widespread establishment of domestic environmental courts and tribunals raises important questions regarding their implications for international environmental law and global environmental governance. I use an interdisciplinary, multi-method approach to consider the capacity of domestic environmental courts to identify and apply norms and principles of international environmental law in domestic opinions. I first review existing literature, identifying jurisdiction, judicial discretion, and a court's position in a legal system as key institutional determinants of this capacity. I then develop a typology of domestic environmental courts and tribunals, which suggests that, all else being equal, a court with national geographic jurisdiction that also enjoys attributes of broad subject-matter jurisdiction and discretion may be expected to be best equipped to implement norms and principles of international environmental law. Next, I integrate existing assessments of environmental court presence with original outreach and web research to identify all countries which possess environmental courts, and assess a subset of eight existing national-level institutions. The analysis of this subset highlights the diversity of institutional models that can incorporate theorized best practices. Based on these findings, I draw several theoretical conclusions: specifically (i) the relevance of environmental court research to individual- and institutional-level analysis in transnational and international environmental law, (ii) the need for further legal-institutional analysis in global environmental governance scholarship, and (iii) the opportunity for further interdisciplinary analysis of the role of domestic courts in environmental governance.
Back to the Source: Consumers Response to Produce Irrigated With Different Sources of Recycled Water
Authors: Ellis Sean F. , Ganguly Diya , Kecinski Maik , Messer Kent D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing recycled water to irrigate agricultural products can be an effective solution to water scarcity and security. However, a better understanding of how society values different sources of recycled water provides insights into potential demand‐side barriers to adoption of these solutions. This paper implements a framed field experiment conducted in the Southwest and Mid‐Atlantic regions of the United States that evaluates consumers' willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for three sources of recycled irrigation water: “gray,” “black,” and “produced.” Our analysis indicates that people consider certain sources of recycled water more acceptable for irrigating produce than others. Recycled gray water is preferred to recycled produced water, and both are preferred to recycled black water. We also explore how people respond to scientific information about the benefits and risks of using recycled irrigation water and found no evidence to support that this information changes people's behaviors.
Determining the Flow State of Channels Under Vegetation With Airborne Lidar
Authors: Dillon J. W. , Lawrence R. L. , Hammonds K. D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHeadwater channels are vital to ecological health, water quality, and watershed connectivity. However, the geographic extent and the temporal wetting and drying dynamics of headwater catchments are not thoroughly understood, primarily due to occlusive vegetation. Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) data can be utilized to address this knowledge gap. Airborne lidar is capable of penetrating vegetation and has been used as a spatial and spectral tool for water body delineation. In the work presented here we: (a) develop a novel means of normalizing lidar ground return intensity to allow for comparison across data sets; (b) demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in median return intensity of wet stream reaches under dense vegetation relative to dry channel reaches; and (c) leverage this reduction to create classified maps of wet and dry channel networks in densely vegetated drainages. Across four study basins spanning over 100 km2 we observed an average reduction in median intensity of 41.7% and 72.2% for areas with and without dense vegetation, respectively. Optimal thresholds for delineating wet from dry stream reaches were determined using probability density functions. Resulting classified maps yielded overall accuracies ranging from 87.3% to 95.3% when compared to the National Hydrography Dataset via stratified random sampling. This study demonstrates that remote delineation of channel flow states in densely vegetated areas is possible, thus allowing for better consideration, designation, and conservation of headwater channels.