bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence of shot peening strengthening before shot peen forming on 2024-T351 aluminum alloy fatigue crack growth rate
Authors: Li Guowei , Dong Zhicheng , Luo Tianhao , Huang Heyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is sparse and inconclusive that research on the subject whether the fatigue life of the structure will be reduced by shot peening strengthening before shot peen forming (S + F), and this study investigates accordingly. First, the crack growth rate test of the machine-processing plate and shot peening strengthening before shot peen forming plate demonstrate that both plates’ final crack growth rate and length are similar. However, the test shows the “fluctuation phenomenon” of crack growth rate and the “intersection phenomenon” in the Paris curve. This study is based on a self-developed simulation plugin for crack growth paths. The results verify that “fluctuation” causes the differential distribution of the overall stress intensity factor in the strengthened (4.5% increase compared to machine-processing) and formed (9.8% decrease compared to machine-processing) crater areas of the shot peening strengthening before shot peen forming plate. Comparing to the full coverage strengthening area, the forming area (only 30% coverage) in the early stage of growth as well as the gain amplitude of the residual stress in the late stage of growth gradually decrease and tend to be the same as that of the machine-processing, as validated by the “intersection phenomenon”.
The effect of boron doping on the optical, morphological and structural properties of Cu3SbS3thin films preparedviaspin coating
Authors: Yağci Özlem , Yüksel Sureyya Aydın , Bozkurt Kutsal , Altındal Ahmet 
Published: March 2023

For the first time, boron doped Cu3SbS3thin films were producedviaspin coating method. Boron doped Cu3SbS3 thin films will provide new dimensions for the design of environmentally friendly, low cost and highly efficient solar cell absorber layer.
What governs the spin distribution of very young < 1 Myr low-mass stars
Authors: Gehrig L. , Vorobyov E. I. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The origin of the stellar spin distribution at young ages is still unclear. Even in very young clusters (∼1 Myr), a significant spread is observed in rotational periods ranging from ≲1 to ∼10 days.
Aims. We study the parameters that might govern the spin distribution of low-mass stars (≲1.0 M⊙) during the first million years of their evolution.
Methods. We compute the evolution and rotational periods of young stars, using the MESA code, starting from a stellar seed, and take protostellar accretion, stellar winds, and magnetic star–disk interaction into account. Furthermore, we add a certain fraction of the energy of accreted material into the stellar interior as additional heat and combine the resulting effects on stellar evolution with the stellar spin model.
Results. For different combinations of parameters, stellar periods at an age of 1 Myr range between 0.6 days and 12.9 days. Thus, during the relatively short time period of 1 Myr, a significant amount of stellar angular momentum can already be removed by the interaction between the star and its accretion disk. The amount of additional heat added into the stellar interior, the accretion history, and the presence of a disk and stellar winds have the strongest impact on the stellar spin evolution during the first million years. The slowest stellar rotations result from a combination of strong magnetic fields, a large amount of additional heat, and effective winds. The fastest rotators combine weak magnetic fields and ineffective winds or result from a small amount of additional heat added to the star. Scenarios that could lead to such configurations are discussed. Different initial rotation periods of the stellar seed, on the other hand, quickly converge and do not affect the stellar period at all.
Conclusions. Our model matches up to 90% of the observed rotation periods in six young clusters (≲3 Myr). Based on these intriguing results, we were motivated to combine our model with a hydrodynamic disk evolution code to self-consistently include several important aspects, such as episodic accretion events, magnetic disk winds, and internal and external photoevaporation. This combined model could replace the widely used disk-locking model during the lifetime of the accretion disk, and could provide valuable insights into the origin of the rotational period distribution of young clusters.
Literaturübersicht zu Veränderungen der Zehennägel bei chronischer venöser Insuffizienz
Authors: Kiehl Lisa , Ellebrecht Lena-Henrike , Recke Anna Lena , Kahle Birgit 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Patientenkollektiv einer phlebologischen Sprechstunde weist häufig pathologisch veränderte Zehennägel auf. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob ein Zusammenhang zwischen chronischer venöser Insuffizienz und einer Onychodystrophie besteht. Denkbar sind sowohl nichtmykotische Nagelwachstumsstörungen als auch eine Prädisposition für Onychomykosen durch eine Minderperfusion im Rahmen der venösen Insuffizienz. Die wenige Literatur, die es zu dieser Thematik gibt, zeigt unterschiedliche Ergebnisse, welche hier genauer erläutert werden.
Natural History of Varicose Veins of the Legs
Authors: Kern Caroline , Rabe Eberhard , Schuldt Katrin , Kowall Bernd , Stang Andreas , Bock Eva , Lattimer Christopher , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Pannier Felizitas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the natural history of saphenous and non-saphenous varicose veins using the results of the Bonn Vein Studies and data published in literature.
Methods We used the data of the Bonn Vein Studies (BVS) 1 and 2 to assess if preexisting non-saphenous varicose veins (NSVV) in persons who had no saphenous varicose veins (SVV) at baseline have an impact on the incidence of SVV during the follow-up of 6.6 years and vice versa. SVV where defined as tortuous or not-tortuous refluxing saphenous veins. The statistical evaluation was performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). In addition, we performed a review of publications concerning the natural history of varicose veins (VV) using PubMed.
Results In the BVS the overall incidence of SVV within the follow-up time of 6.6 years was 8.0 % (n = 133 of 1661; 95 % CI: 6.8–9.4). 7.2 % (n = 107 of 1492) without VV in BVS 1 and 19.8 % (n = 26) of patients with preexisting NSVV developed SVV. The relative risk for the development of SVV in patients with preexisting NSVV was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.64–3.64) adjusted for age and sex. The overall incidence of NSVV was markedly higher with 13.3 % (n = 226 of 1661; 95 % CI: 11.8–15.1). During follow-up 148 patients (9.9 %) without VV in BVS 1 developed NSVV. 48.5 % (n = 78) of patients with preexisting SVV developed NSVV during follow-up. The relative risk for the development of NSVV in patients with preexisting SVV was 4.10 (95% CI: 3.26–5.16), adjusted for age and sex.In published studies the development of VV is preceded by venous reflux. Initial VV may develop at any segment and the results from literature suggest that the location of VV and reflux at the time of the investigation depends on age. In younger individuals more distal location are reported with an ascending progression in the majority but also descending progression is possible.
Conclusions Based on the results of the Bonn Vein Studies 1 and 2 we could demonstrate, that preexisting SVV increase the risk of developing NSVV and preexisting NSVV increase the risk of developing SVV in a similar way. Venous reflux may initially occur in any segment of the venous system and may progress in antegrade and/or retrograde fashion. In younger adults initial VV seem to be localized more often in distal parts of the legs with an antegrade progression over time.
Artificial intelligence for the classification of focal liver lesions in ultrasound – a systematic review
Authors: Vetter Marcel , Waldner Maximilian J , Zundler Sebastian , Klett Daniel , Bocklitz Thomas , Neurath Markus F , Adler Werner , Jesper Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFocal liver lesions are detected in about 15% of abdominal ultrasound examinations. The
diagnosis of frequent benign lesions can be determined reliably based on the characteristic
B-mode appearance of cysts, hemangiomas, or typical focal fatty changes. In the case of focal
liver lesions which remain unclear on B-mode ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)
increases diagnostic accuracy for the distinction between benign and malignant liver lesions.
Artificial intelligence describes applications that try to emulate human intelligence, at
least in subfields such as the classification of images. Since ultrasound is considered to be
a particularly examiner-dependent technique, the application of artificial intelligence could
be an interesting approach for an objective and accurate diagnosis. In this systematic review
we analyzed how artificial intelligence can be used to classify the benign or malignant nature
and entity of focal liver lesions on the basis of B-mode or CEUS data. In a structured search
on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and IEEE, we found 52 studies that met the inclusion
criteria. Studies showed good diagnostic performance for both the classification as benign or
malignant and the differentiation of individual tumor entities. The results could be improved
by inclusion of clinical parameters and were comparable to those of experienced investigators
in terms of diagnostic accuracy. However, due to the limited spectrum of lesions included in
the studies and a lack of independent validation cohorts, the transfer of the results into
clinical practice is limited.
Cu(OTf)2/TBHP/O2-Mediated Tandem Oxidative Reaction: Easy Access to Benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyridines
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Li Jing-Hua , Xu Xiaoliang , Yang Hongjiao , Xia Hongshuang , Gu Huafang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn effective tandem reaction of 4-aminocoumarins and 1,3-diarylpropenes mediated by Cu(OTf)2/TBHP (tert-butyl hydroperoxide)/O2 that provides various benzopyrano[4,3-b]pyridines in moderate to good yields is disclosed. The reaction proceeds through oxidative coupling, intramolecular cyclization, and dehydro-aromatization. This approach has the advantages of high atom-economy, environmental compatibility, and wide substrate scope.
Synthesis of Triarylphosphines via Cu-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Acylphosphines
Authors: Zhu Hong , Wang Zhiqian , Xu Minghui , Zhu Zhengping , Yi Haojie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA Cu-catalyzed C(sp2)–P bond forming reaction using an acylphosphine as the phosphorus source is reported; with CuCl2 as the catalyst, 34 examples of aryl iodides and bromides were converted into triarylphosphines in good to excellent yield. A preliminary study of the mechanism was carried out and found that a radical intermediate is not involved. This reaction is an extension of the application of acylphosphines in Cu-catalyzed reactions and shows their potential as a phosphination reagent in the synthesis of tertiary phosphines.
Post-COVID-19 Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia Treated with Naja tripudians: A Case Report
Authors: Arora Amit , Kumar Udesh , Shukla Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background/Introduction The majority of people who recover from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience tachycardia and/or palpitations after slight activity or at rest. In some cases, the resting heart rate may remain above 100 beats per minute or get exacerbated out of proportion by slight activity. This persistent tachycardia appearing in post-COVID-19 may clinically present as inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST). The common mode of diagnosis is electrocardiography after excluding other causes of tachycardia. So far, there is no reported study evaluating individualised homoeopathic intervention in post-COVID-19 IST in peer-reviewed homoeopathic journals.
Method This report describes a case of tachycardia and palpitations developed after COVID-19. After complete evaluation of laboratory reports and clinical examination, the diagnosis of IST was made. After detailed case taking and repertorisation, Naja tripudians was prescribed as an individualised homoeopathic remedy to treat the case. Outcomes were assessed objectively on the basis of electrocardiography and subjectively using outcome related to impact on daily living (ORIDL) scale.
Result There was a marked subjective improvement along with objective improvement as evidenced by electrocardiography images. The case showed a 4+ outcome on ORIDL scale. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score was +9 out of a possible +13, providing definite evidence to attribute the clinical outcome with the homoeopathic intervention.
Conclusion This single case demonstrates that Naja tripudians, a rarely used drug, may be helpful in treating post-COVID-19 IST. Clinical trials in this direction are required to conclude firm causal attribution.
An Illustrative Case of Bilateral Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Concomitant with Aneurysm of the Obstructed ICA Reconstituted via Collaterals: Emphasizing the Role of Rescue Collaterals in Decision-Making
Authors: Malikov Azad , Sayin Bige , Akmangit Ilkay , Senol Yigit Can , Daglioglu Ergun , Belen Ahmet Deniz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn patients with bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) obstruction, the basilar and ophthalmic arteries become the most critical arteries for brain perfusion, and the location of aneurysm formation may be associated with increased wall shear stress induced by compromised carotid circulation. Consideration of collateral routes may have an impact on therapeutic decisions for patients undergoing extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass and aneurysm surgery. We report a rare case of a young woman with bilateral ICA occlusion simultaneous with dissecting aneurysm of the obstructed ICA reconstituted via collaterals, emphasizing the functional value of collaterals and therapeutic strategy. We present a young woman with angiographic evidence of cerebrovascular early atherosclerotic disease. A young patient was found to have bilateral ICA occlusion and dissecting aneurysm of the obstructed ICA. A large fusiform aneurysm was clipped. Then, an anastomosis was performed from the left superficial temporal to the M3 segment of the middle cerebral artery. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged to rehabilitation with no residual sequelae. This case illustrates a rare case of bilateral ICA occlusions, presented with robust collaterals, and dissecting aneurysm of the obstructed ICA reconstituted via collaterals. We also demonstrate excellent surgical clipping of a challenging ICA aneurysm and cerebral bypass surgery.
Cerebellar Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Rotational Non-Dominant Vertebral Artery Occlusion (RVAO): A Rare Complication Following Supratentorial Surgery
Authors: Bono Beatrice C , Riva Marco , Pessina Federico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-traumatic vertebrobasilar stroke syndrome is rare. Many etiological mechanisms have been described over the years, with the dynamic occlusion of one vertebral artery following head rotation (RVAO) being one of them. We report the case of a patient undergoing surgery for supratentorial metastasis, who postoperatively developed a cerebellar ischemic stroke secondary to RVAO. Postoperative imaging showed a right hypoplastic VA; so, a transient occlusive mechanism was thought to be responsible for the postoperative cerebellar stroke. Although rare, RVAO can occur following head rotation during patient positioning for neurosurgical procedures.
Data-driven discovery of electron continuity equations in electron swarm map for determining electron transport coefficients in argon
Authors: Kawaguchi S , Takahashi K , Satoh K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we develop a novel method for determining electron transport coefficients from electron swarm maps measured by a scanning drift-tube experiment. In our method, two types of electron continuity equations that describe either the spatial or the temporal evolution of an electron swarm are discovered in the electron swarm map. The electron transport coefficients can be determined from the coefficients in the discovered equations. Therefore, we can determine the Townsend ionization coefficient, ionization rate coefficient, center-of-mass drift velocity, mean arrival-time drift velocity, longitudinal diffusion coefficient, and longitudinal third-order transport coefficient. These transport coefficients in argon are determined over a wide range of reduced electric fields, E/N, from 29.7 to 1351.6 Td (1 Td = 10−21 Vm2) using our method. We establish that the consideration of high-order transport coefficients, which have been systematically ignored so far, is important for the proper determination of low-order transport coefficients, specifically the electron drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficient, in the presence of ionization growth.
Wavelet packet energy-based damage detection using guided ultrasonic waves and support vector machine
Authors: Lyu Yetao , Yang Jianwei , Ge Ming , Xu Lei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Substantial work has shown that the modulation of structural damage on probing guided ultrasonic waves can result in wave components corresponding to different frequencies, causing wave energy transfer from central frequency to other frequency bands. To make use of the damage-induced wave energy transfer in different frequency bands, a data-driven method which combines wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM), is proposed in this study for structural damage identification in both metallic and composite materials. Firstly, WPD is employed to decompose the original signal into different frequency bands, based on which the wave energy at each frequency band can be determined. A wave energy distribution vector is constructed according to the energy proportion of each frequency band. Then, PCA is recalled conducting dimensionality reduction for the energy distribution vectors, in order to improve the computational efficiency for subsequent SVM classification. The compressed energy distribution vectors are used as the input to train an SVM-based classifier for identifying structural damage. To validate the proposed WPD-PCA-SVM method, experiments are performed on both aluminum plate and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminate. According to the experimental results, the embryonic fatigue crack in the (aluminum) plate and the anomaly in the GFRP laminate can be identified by the proposed method, with a detection accuracy of 92.86% for aluminum plate and 95.45% for GFRP laminate, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method for damage detection in both metallic and composite materials.
Hierarchies of critical points of a Landau-de Gennes free energy on three-dimensional cuboids
Authors: Shi Baoming , Han Yucen , Yin Jianyuan , Majumdar Apala , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate critical points of a Landau–de Gennes (LdG) free energy in three-dimensional (3D) cuboids, that model nematic equilibria. We develop a hybrid saddle dynamics-based algorithm to efficiently compute solution landscapes of these 3D systems. Our main results concern (a) the construction of 3D LdG critical points from a database of two-dimensional (2D) LdG critical points and (b) studies of the effects of cross-section size and cuboid height on solution landscapes. In doing so, we discover multiple-layer 3D LdG critical points constructed by stacking 2D critical points on top of each other, novel pathways between distinct energy minima mediated by 3D LdG critical points and novel metastable escaped solutions, all of which can be tuned for tailor-made static and dynamic properties of confined nematic liquid crystal systems in 3D.
Accelerated partial separable model using dimension-reduced optimization technique for ultra-fast cardiac MRI
Authors: Li Zhongsen , Sun Aiqi , Liu Chuyu , Wei Haining , Wang Shuai , Fu Mingzhu , Li Rui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Imaging dynamic objects with high temporal resolution is challenging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The partial separable (PS) model was proposed to improve imaging quality by reducing the degrees of freedom of the inverse problem. However, the PS model still suffers from a long acquisition time and an even longer reconstruction time. The main objective of this study is to accelerate the PS model, shorten the time required for acquisition and reconstruction, and maintain good image quality simultaneously. Approach. We proposed to fully exploit the dimension-reduction property of the PS model, which means implementing the optimization algorithm in subspace. We optimized the data consistency term and used a Tikhonov regularization term based on the Frobenius norm of temporal difference. The proposed dimension-reduced optimization technique was validated in free-running cardiac MRI. We have performed both retrospective experiments on a public dataset and prospective experiments on in vivo data. The proposed method was compared with four competing algorithms based on the PS model and two non-PS model methods. Main results. The proposed method has robust performance against a shortened acquisition time or suboptimal hyper-parameter settings, and achieves superior image quality over all other competing algorithms. The proposed method is 20-fold faster than the widely accepted PS+sparse method, enabling image reconstruction to be finished in just a few seconds. Significance. The accelerated PS model has the potential to save a great deal of time in clinical dynamic MRI examinations and is promising for real-time MRI applications.
A review of superconductivity in nanostructures—from nanogranular films to anti-dot arrays
Authors: Bose Sangita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Superconductivity in small particles has been studied since the early sixties. A large number of sample geometries for both one component elemental superconductors and dual component nano-composites having elemental superconducting particles dispersed in a non-superconducting matrix have been explored which has helped us to understand the mechanism of the evolution of the superconducting transition temperature (T
c) with decreasing particle size. In this article, we review the work done on nanostructured superconductors from nanogranular films to these dual component superconducting nano-composites. In addition, we also present the experimental work done on another nanostructured system, the superconducting films with periodic arrays of nano-sized holes, showing the interesting property of the vortex matching effect and we try to understand the dominant mechanism for this phenomena.