bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying features in the structural and phase composition of the products of recycling of the scale of high-speed cutting steel by carbon thermal reduction
Authors: Borysov Viacheslav , Torubara Oleksii , Volokh Vadym , Poliakov Anatolii , Yamshinskij Mykhail , Lukianenko Ivan , Andreev Andrey , Bilko Tamara , Zhuravel Dmytro , Ivanchenko Dmytro 
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a study into the features of the structural-phase composition of products from the carbon-thermal reduction of scale of high-speed steels that yields an alloying additive. This is necessary to determine the technological parameters that reduce the loss of target elements in the process of obtaining and using resource-saving alloying material. The study indicates that when the degree of scale reduction changed from 28 % to 67 % and 81 %, an increase in the manifestation of a solid solution of carbon and alloying elements in the α-Fe lattice was observed. At the same time, the intensity of the diffraction maxima of FeO and Fe3O4 decreased. In the reduced products, the presence of Fe3C, FeW3C, Fe3W3C, and WC was traced. With an increase in the degree of scale reduction from 28 % to 67 %, the disordered (of "loose" appearance) microstructure was replaced with the formed particles of round and multifaceted shape with different content of alloying elements. At the reduction stage of 81 %, the microstructure had a finely fibrous structure. Based on the suite of studies, the most acceptable degree of reduction of scale of high-speed steel, followed by the use of the obtained material as an alloying additive, is 81 %. At the same time, ensuring the degree of recovery at the level of 67 % would also suffice. This is due to the fact that residual carbon in the form of carbides provides an increased reducing ability and degree of assimilation of alloying elements with the restoration of the residual oxide component in the liquid metal during doping. Spongy microstructure contributes to faster dissolution, in relation to the corresponding standard ferroalloys. This ensures a reduction in the total smelting time and, as a result, a decrease in the energy consumed
Construction of a mathematical model of the dynamics of an autonomous mobile robot of variable configuration
Authors: Ashhepkova Natalja 
Published: January 2023

This paper considers the construction of a mathematical model of the movement of an autonomous mobile robot (AMR) in variable configuration, taking into account the relationship of the dynamic parameters of a mechanical system.
As an example, the design of AMR with a manipulator is considered.
The object of this study is the dynamics of AMR with a manipulator. The peculiarities of the dynamics of AMR with the manipulator are due to the change in the position of the center of mass of the system with the relative movement of the manipulator and the commensurate non-diagonal and diagonal elements of the inertia tensor calculated relative to the axes of the base coordinate system. The construction of the mathematical model was carried out according to the Nyton-Euler method. The resulting mathematical model contains:
– an equation of motion of the center of mass of the AMR system of variable configuration along the trajectory in the inertial coordinate system;
– an equation of angular motion of AMR in variable configuration in the inertial coordinate system;
– an equation of motion of the manipulator with respect to AMR. In a general case, the center of mass of the AMR platform moves in a horizontal plane. Establishing the relationship of dynamic parameters of the mechanical system will make it possible to maintain functionality and ensure the orientation of AMR in vertical planes despite the movement of the manipulator. As an object of control, AMR with a manipulator is a multi-connected system with a cross-internal connection of control channels, which is formed by the dynamic parameters of a mechanical system. Based on the results of mathematical modeling using the proposed model, it is possible to develop algorithms for adaptive control using cross-connection of channels. This will make it possible to identify reserves to reduce energy consumption, increase stability, improve the efficiency and survivability of AMR in variable configuration during autonomous work under extreme conditions.
Development of oxide composite materials for cathode element of IT-SOFCs
Authors: Susanto Iwan , Kamal Dianta Mustofa , Rahmiati Tia , Rizkia Vika , Zainuri Fuad , Belyamin Belyamin , Permana Sulaksana , Subardi Adi , Fu Yen-Pei 
Published: January 2023

Investigating the properties of composite oxide for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) has been done as a new cathode material. Using a solid-state reaction method, the metallic oxide material has been employed to create the composite model system. During the sintering process, a model system of Sm0.5Sr0.35Ba0.15FeO3-δ (SSBF15) was constructed. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) was played to utilize the oxygen content and weight loss of the model. In the meantime, the structure of the composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the conductivity properties were tested by thermal conductivity. The structural design was made possible by the findings, which revealed that the composite model structure exhibited the crystalline structure with perovskite phase. Weight losses during the construction of the structure were reflected in the decomposition and evaporation of the composite's constituent parts. After the calcination process up to 950 °C, the model system's formation oxygen content was obtained of 2.94 in 800 °C. The electrical conductivity maximum obtained in 12.2 S·cm-1 at 430 °C. At low temperatures, the conductive behavior was affected by the metallic element, while at higher temperatures, it was influenced by the ionic structure. As a result, mixed ionic and electric conductors (MIEC) were extensively utilized in the process of generating the conductive properties. The SSBF15 composite has a good chance of being used as an alternative cathode material with a perovskite single phase for future IT-SOFCs applications based on the structure and conductivity results. Additional testing and observation are required to determine the resistance's value when incorporated into the electrolyte and its heat expansion properties
Patterns in the electrochemical synthesis of thin-film photocatalytic materials based on titanium heterooxide compounds
Authors: Sakhnenko Mykola , Stepanova Iryna , Korogodskaya Alla , Karakurkchi Ann , Skrypnyk Olena , Dzheniuk Anatoly , Halak Oleksandr 
Published: January 2023

This paper reports a study the into processes of plasma-electrolyte formation of heterooxidic coatings on titanium alloys for the photocatalytic destruction of natural and man-made toxicants. The synthesis of coatings was carried out from aqueous solutions of diphosphates under a galvanostatic mode. For a quantitative description of photocatalytic reactions, the constants of the reaction rate kf from the linearized dependences ln(Ct/C0), where Ct is the current, C0 is the initial concentration of the reagent, were calculated. The morphology of the coating surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy, and the results were visualized by reconstruction of the relief in the form of 2D and 3D topographic maps. Morphological features of coatings made of titanium oxide (IV) and heterooxidic composites containing oxides of transition metals were analyzed. It is shown that the specific surface area remains an effective factor in regulating the photocatalytic activity of coatings. The establishment of the morphology of heterooxidic composites, as well as methods for controlling this parameter of the target product, is a constant component of the systematic study of such materials in determining their functional properties. It has been established that compared to oxide-titanium coatings whose surface layers are characterized by a toroidal mesostructure, heterooxidic compositions have a more developed surface, which has a positive effect on their functional properties. Subsequent heat treatment similarly affects the properties of the coating. The speed constants of the photocatalytic decomposition of the methyl yellow-hot azo dye were used to rank coatings of different composition according to their functional properties. Coatings from TiO2·ZnO showed the highest catalytic activity among the materials studied – kf is 5.26 10-3 min-1, which is several times higher than the corresponding value for TiO2
Applying a neural network method to search for optimal air ionization conditions
Authors: Sukach Serhii , Chenchevoi Volodymyr , Fjodorova Natalja , Chencheva Olga , Bakharev Volodymyr , Kortsova Olena , Shevchenko Volodymyr , Petrenko Ivan 
Published: January 2023

This paper reports measuring, modeling, and determining the optimized air ionic composition of the air at industrial premises to ensure safe living and working conditions for workers.
The possibility of using saline solutions with different degrees of concentration to increase the number of negative ions in the airspace, as well as the variability of the air flow rate for the process of ionization of the air of industrial premises, has been investigated. Analysis of experimental data revealed that an increase in the concentration of saline solutions leads to a decrease in the release of the number of air ions into the vapor-air space of the room.
It is proved that in order to improve air quality, it is advisable to enable air ionization using an ultrasonic air ion generator and the use of demineralized water. The optimal input parameters established for the ultrasonic installation are: s –distance to the ultrasonic installation, 40 cm; v ‒ airflow rate, 6.00 m/s; and c ‒ concentration of salt water solution, 3.3 %.
The result reported here could be used in the design and development of a control system for an ultrasonic generator of air ions of ventilation systems and microclimate systems in order to create the most comfortable high-quality ionized air at industrial premises.
To find the optimal mode of operation of the ionization process, a representation procedure for a neural network was applied, which was most accurate to determine the optimal parameters for ionizing the airspace of the working room.
Optimization was performed using a Feed Forward Bottle Neck Neural Network (FFBN NN) representation. This approach allows one to determine several optimal conditions for the process under study on the basis of a compromise solution.
A clinical-epidemiological study of facial dermatoses in women
Authors: Spandana Reddy Nallamilli , Upadhyaya Janardhan A. , Prasad Col. G K 
Published: January 2023

The face is the most prominent part of the body. Facial blemishes and disorders directly reflect a person's physical appearance, cosmesis and self-image. They may contribute to dysmorphism and even lead to depression in susceptible individuals, especially women. Early identification and management of facial skin disorders are therefore important.
The aim: To study the clinical pattern and epidemiological determinants of facial dermatoses among females above 10 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among female patients with facial dermatoses, with informed consent, at a rural tertiary hospital for 18 months.
Results: A total of 500 patients were enrolled. The majority were in the 4th and 5th decades. Pigmentary dermatoses were highest, melasma predominating. Immunobullous dermatoses formed the smallest group. Occupation-wise, the majority were agricultural labourers. Many dermatoses, especially melasma, were related to occupation and lifestyle with photo-aggravation, cosmetics use and stress.
Conclusion: This study assessed the pattern of facial dermatoses among the female clientele of this institution. Hyperpigmentary dermatoses, especially melasma, emerged as the most common dermatosis for which treatment was sought
Study of factors affecting the in vitro release of ketoprofen from carbomers-based gels
Authors: Bezugla Olena , Liapunova Anna , Zinchenko Igor , Liapunov Oleksii , Lyapunov Nikolay , Stolper Yurij 
Published: January 2023

The aim. To identify some factors affecting the in vitro release of ketoprofen from carbomer-based gels.
Materials and methods. Carbomer-based gels containing ketoprofen as well as a Newtonian liquid without carbomer, which was the dispersion medium of the gel, were studied by rotational viscometry and spin probe method. The flow behaviour and rheological parameters were determined using the rheograms, and the rotational correlation times of the two dissolved spin probes, the molecules of which contain a carboxyl group or an amino group, were determined by EPR spectra. In vitro release tests were performed using vertical diffusion chambers using a validated method. The quantitative determination of ketoprofen in gels, liquid and receptor medium was performed by liquid chromatography, and ethanol was quantified by gas chromatography according to validated procedures. Gels with different brands of carbomers, neutralised with trolamine or trometamol, with different contents of ketoprofen and ethanol, and with pH from 6.0 to 7.0 were studied.
Results. The sol → gel transition due to the neutralisation of the carbomer did not affect the shape and parameters of the EPR spectrum of the spin probe containing a carboxyl group in the molecule (like a carbomer and ketoprofen) in contrast to the probe with an amino group. If the substance dissolved in the gels does not interact with the carbomer, then its molecules/ions rotate rapidly in the liquid medium. This facilitates the release of a such substance from carbomer-based gels. The medicinal product Nobi Gel® gel 2.5 % and Newtonian liquid were equivalent in relation to the in vitro release parameters of ketoprofen from these objects. Сarbomer-based gels, which differed significantly in terms of rheological parameters, were also found to be equivalent in terms of ketoprofen release parameters. The in vitro release of ketoprofen was affected by its concentration and ethanol content in the gel. A change in pH from 6.0 to 7.0 practically did not affect the parameters of in vitro release of ketoprofen from gels.
Conclusions. The formation of a carbomer-based gel did not affect the rotational correlation time of the probe, which did not interact with the carbomer. Parameters of in vitro release of ketoprofen from the gel and Newtonian liquid differed little; these parameters were also little affected by the difference in apparent viscosity of the gels. The in vitro release of ketoprofen depended on its concentration and ethanol content
Assessment of heavy metals in exchangeable sediments samples from Tigris – Euphrates and Shatt al-Arab rivers
Authors: AI-Shawi Shahinaz R. A. , Kadhim Hamza A. H. , Al-Saad Hamid T. 
Published: January 2023

The object of this study is the concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc) in sediment samples taken from the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt al-Arab rivers during the autumn 2021 to summer 2022. According to the analyses performed using the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, showed the seasonal average of heavy metal concentrations ranges between the lowest value (7.46 µg/g) for nickel in summer and the highest value (785.08 µg/g) for iron during winter in exchangeable phase. Measurements were made of variables that influenced how heavy metals were distributed in the sediments, as shown by (total organic carbon, and grain size analysis) which revealed a relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments and these variables, suggesting that pollution from various human activities – the main cause of the high concentrations of some heavy elements in the study area's sediments above the global natural rates. Geo Accumulation Index (I-geo) for heavy elements in the sediments was also determined, and it showed that the yearly rate of the concentrations of the metals varied between the lowest value (–6.912) of Iron and the maximum value (6.767) for cadmium. Additionally, it was determined the enrichment coefficient (EF) for the heavy elements in the sediments, where the annual rate of the metals ranged between the lowest value (3.23) for manganese and the highest value (10406.58) for cadmium, and was accounted the contamination factor (CF) for the heavy metals in the sediments, where the annual average of the metals ranged between the lowest value (0.012) for iron and the highest value (163.4) for cadmium. If our findings are compared to those of previous study, this will be lies within previous data. This is very important data it can be used as a baseline for coming study, and also used as a reference in other countries.
Comparison review between monofacial and bifacial solar modules
Authors: Matarneh Ghayda’ A. , Al-Rawajfeh Mohammad A. , Gomaa Mohamed R. 
Published: January 2023

The objects of the study are solar modules. The world has witnessed a change in all aspects of life, especially in the last period, when the world witnessed an increase in the demand for energy and all regions. Here the imperfection appeared in meeting the energy needs, just as the traditional sources (oil, coal, and natural gas), for example, are no longer hope as they are non-renewable sources. In addition to these sources, to exploit the energy in them, we must burn, which pollutes the environment, in addition to the cost of transportation. Not long ago, solar energy began to produce electricity through photovoltaic modules, and competition began to make photovoltaic modules with higher efficiency. The main aim of this study is to clarify the concept of bifacial photovoltaic modules and show some differences between them and monofacial photovoltaic modules. The current report consists of the definition of bifacial photovoltaic modules and their most important specifications, comparing them with monofacial photovoltaic modules, which are the best, the factors affecting their energy production, and the type of radiation used in each type. In fact, the utilization of albedo radiation for monofacial photovoltaic modules does not exceed 2 %, while this percentage is exceeded in bifacial photovoltaic modules. So, it can be recommended here that the trend to use bifacial photovoltaic modules can be economical and space-saving space because it produces more amount of electricity for the same unit area, which in turn this spaces it available for other applications, and also, increase the amount of electricity due to the increase in the effective side size (two sides: one upwards and the other is downward) of the solar modules.
Soil assessment and mitigation of flash flood erosion using Ipomoe Carnea in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria
Authors: Flayin Malum Japhet , Udochukwu Martins Okechukwu 
Published: January 2023

In many parts of the world floods occur more often and increase in size. In the tropics, it is partly or wholly caused by climatological factors, in-situ soil types (as soils with low infiltration rate are vulnerable to flooding); inadequate drainage network, topography and human factors. Gombe town is situated within an elevation of 628 m and 361 m above sea level (a.s.l). Topography is mainly mountainous, undulating and hilly with open plains and mean slope gradient of 5°, considered to be a high gradient for unprotected soils. This causes high surface runoff leading to excessive flooding and formation of gullies, cutting deep trenches that result in the destruction of residential houses and environmental disasters throughout Gombe town. The research work assessed gully erosion from high vulnerable sections in Gombe town affected by high fluvial floods. Field measurement was done using 50 m tape, GPS, satellite images and laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis of soil particles sizes showed that mean particle sizes were 74.9 %, 14.1 % and 11.0 % for sand, silt and clay respectivly; the textural class for the entire study site was sandy clay. Porosity from the entire study area contains low volume of voids relative to the volume of solids. Bulk density was slightly high compared to the standards values. The soil chemical properties of the soil pH for the entire site mean (ESM) was 6.42. This indicates that the soils are slightly acidic which affect microbial activities on organic matter that enhance the binding of soils to resists erosivity of fluvial floods. People resorts to using vegetative cover of Ipomoe Carnea plant as mitigation measures to protect their vulnerable houses and farms from gully erosions because the stems interweaves and forms a thick cover that diffuses the high velocity water flow into laminar flow. The weaved stems traps, blocks and prevents the flood transported materials(soil, humus, gravels) in between the stems thereby prevents and slows soil erosion to the nearest minimum.
Considering sawdust as a potential raw material for climate change mitigation in indoor environment
Authors: Robert James J. , Ekpete Ayebaniminyo 
Published: January 2023

The object of the study is sawdust as a potential raw material for climate change mitigation in the indoor environment. The method of the mixture was used to determine the specific heat capacity of the sawdust sample, while its thermal conductivity was determined using the Lee disc method. The results of the study showed that the specific heat capacity of the sawdust is 54.9271 J·g–1·K–1 and that of thermal conductivity is 0.12 W/m·K. The implication of the results is that Sawdust needs about 54.9271 J·g–1·K–1 to raise its unit mass by 1 °C and a comparably very low thermal conductivity of 0.12 W/m·K. Sawdust can be used as a composite material for roofing, and ceilings to drastically reduce the rate at which the heat energy from the sun is transferred into the indoor environment and consequently reduce the effects of climate change on the indoor environment. Sawdust that is not properly managed or disposed can pose serious problems to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, fuel fire outbreaks and health problems such as severe allergic reactions. Therefore, discovering other reuse options for sawdust will reduce the problems it poses to the environment.