bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Plasma Turbulence in a Hall Thruster Using Microwave Interferometry
Authors: Yamamoto Naoji , Kuwabara Naoya , Kuwahara Daisuke , Cho Shinatora , Kosuga Yusuke , Dif Pradalier Guilhem 
Published: June 2023

To understand anomalous electron transport in a Hall thruster, plasma turbulence inside the acceleration channel was observed using a 76 GHz microwave interferometer. The dependence of the amplitude of the 100–500 kHz turbulence on magnetic flux density, and the relationships between the turbulence and other plasma instabilities and between the turbulence and the discharge current were investigated through spectral density and bicoherence analysis. The amplitude of electron number density fluctuations of the turbulence, integrating the spectral density from 100 to 500 kHz, is [Formula: see text], or almost 10% of the time-averaged electron number density. The amplitude of the turbulence decreases with increase in weak magnetic field strength (coil current less than 0.6 A) and then increases with increase in magnetic field strength. The amplitude of the turbulence has a positive relation to the discharge current, leads to anomalous electron transport inside the acceleration channel, and is coupled with ionization instability. In addition, low-frequency perturbations of several hundred hertz were observed, with a positive relation to the turbulence and coupled with both ionization instability and turbulence.
Spanwise-Inclined Jets in Supersonic Crossflow: Effects of Injection Pressure and Separation-Control Effectiveness
Authors: Sebastian Robin , Ramaswamy Deepak Prem , Schreyer Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2023

Motivated by the advantageous performance of air-jet vortex generators (AJVGs) in controlling shock-induced flow separation, we aim at understanding the effects of relevant injection parameters on the physical mechanisms involved, as well as on the control effectiveness. We performed implicit large-eddy simulations to examine the influence of injection pressure on a spanwise-inclined jet in supersonic crossflow at Mach 2.5 and with momentum-thickness Reynolds number 7000. Four injection pressures were considered. The jet and jet/crossflow interactions strengthen with injection pressure, which is reflected in an enhanced obliqueness and asymmetry of the flow topology, strengthening the induced major counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP). This strengthening of the major CVP stagnates at a certain threshold, above which the flow blockage and momentum influx caused by the jets become so strong that they counter the positive influence on the CVP. Subsequently, we installed these jets in an AJVG control setup for a 24 deg compression-ramp interaction with separation to analyze the control effectiveness and interplay of the injection pressure and jet spacing. The strongest effects on control effectiveness are not related to the injection pressure itself, but to interactions between the jet-induced shocks and vortical structures. Therefore, there is a strong link between jet spacing and injection pressure regarding the control effectiveness. Based on these observations, we provide recommendations for designing efficient AJVG control setups.
Integrated spine trauma team protocol: Combined neurosurgical and orthopedic experience for the management of traumatic spinal injuries
Authors: Giorgi Pietro Domenico , Villa Fabio Giuseppe , Cenzato Marco , Capitani Dario , Antonio D’Aliberti Giuseppe , Legrenzi Simona , Puglia Francesco , Picano Marco , Boeris Davide , Debernardi Alberto , Schirò Giuseppe Rosario 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
During the last decades, spine surgery has grown exponentially. In spite of that, it remains a surgical specialty without a well-defined own certification. It is usually carried out, separately, by neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons, even if there is an overlapping of competence and skills.

Materials and Methods:
In our hospital, from January 2019, a systematic protocol called integrated spine trauma team protocol (ISTTP) was implemented to improve the management of traumatic spinal injuries in a multidisciplinary way. It is characterized by a specific algorithm from diagnosis to postoperative care. According to the new protocol, orthopedic spinal surgeons and neurosurgeons work together as an integrated spine trauma team. The authors analyzed, retrospectively, the results obtained by comparing patients treated before and after the application of the ISTTP.

Results:
The new protocol allowed a statistically significant reduction in waiting time before surgery and complication rate. Moreover, early discharge of patients was recorded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that described a specific algorithm for a standardized multidisciplinary management of the spinal trauma with combined orthopedic and neurosurgeon expertise.

Conclusion:
Our preliminary results suggest that the application of our ISTTP leads to better results for treating traumatic spinal injury (TSI).
Pengembangan e-modul interaktif berbasis guided inquiry pada materi larutan penyangga dalam blended learning untuk SMA/MA sederajat
Authors: Simanjuntak Yanni Irma Waty , Sari Melinda , Lestari Berliana Iga , Ismah Ismah , Aldresti Fitri , Haryati Sri 
Published: June 2023

E-modul interaktif adalah salah satu solusi utama yang efektif mengatasi permasalahan pembelajaran kimia dalam model blended learning. Penelitian pengembangan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-modul interaktif berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada bahan penyangga dalam model blended learning yang valid dan praktis. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model ADDIE. Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil validasi e-modul interaktif uji oleh tiga orang validator (validator materi, validator media dan validator bahasa) dan coba pengguna e-modul interaktif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif.Â Hasil validasi pada aspek materi mencapai 92,86% dan aspek pembelajaran 92,73%. Hasil validasi ahli media menunjukkan aspek tampilan dengan persentase 96,36% dan pemanfaatan perangkat lunak 95%. Menurut validator bahasa berdasarkan aspek kebahasaan pada e-modul interaktif memperoleh persentase 97,78%. Skor respons pengguna oleh peserta didik melalui uji coba one to one dan uji coba small group adalah 81,067% dan 92%. Berdasarkan rata-rata skor keseluruhan validasi dan uji coba, bahwa e-modul interaktif berbasis inkuiri pada bahan penyangga adalah sangat valid dan sangat baik digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran dalam model blended learning .Â
Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Derzi Aida R. , Alani Muhammad M. , AL-Hadithi Hayfaa S. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that results in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks flexible (synovial) joints. Many cases are believed to result from an interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
Objective: To study the association between EBV antibodies and RA.
Patients and methods: This prospective study was carried out in the period between March 2013 and May 2013. The study involved 30 patients diagnosed with RA attending rheumatology outpatient's clinic Baghdad medical city teaching hospital and 30 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Serum samples were collected to investigate the level of EBV-IgG and IgM by using ELISA technique.
Results: This study showed that 70% of control group had positive EBV-IgG while only 6 out of 30 had positive EBV-IgM. The mean values of EBV-IgG were significantly higher among RA patients (0.542 IU/ml) in comparison with that in control group(0.269 IU/ml). Also mean value of serum EBV-IgM (0.723 IU/ml) were significantly higher than that in healthy individuals(0.354 IU/ml)
Conclusions: The serum levels of EBV-IgG and IgM were significantly higher in RA patients in contrast with those in healthy individuals
Cryptococcus neoformans Isolated from burn Patients in Burn Hospital in Baghdad.
Authors: Jassem Inaam K. , Mohammed Sudad J. , Tawfeq Tawfeq W. , Karhoot Jassem M. 
Published: June 2023

Background: wound infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Etiologic agents of wound infections vary with geographical location
Patients and Methods: All burn patients admitted to Specialized Burn Hospital from November 2011 to May 2012. Once fungal infection was suspected clinically, swabs were harvested for the culture of yeast. The sensitivities of the identified yeast were determined and the positive samples and cases were analyzed.Objective: This study presents Cryptococcus neoformans and their Characteristics identified from burn patients at a major Iraqi Specialized Burn Hospital.
Result: The most predominant yeast isolates was Candida species which represented (56.94%), followed by Cryptococcus species (27.77%) . Twenty fungal cultures were positive for Cryptococcus species. Cryptococcus neoformanus was recorded higher percentages 8 (11.11%) follows by Cryptococcus laurentii 6 (8.33%), Cryptococcus albidus 4 (5.55%) and Cryptococcus humicola 2 ( 2.77%).
Conclusion: Cryptococcus species isolated from burn patient in a Burn Hospital in Baghdad were identified.
Effect of alpha-1antitrypsin,adiponectine,leptein in obesity
Authors: Mahmood Halla G. 
Published: June 2023

Background:- Obesity is associated to significant disturbances in endocrine function. Hyper insulinemia and insulin resistance are the best known changes in obesity, but their mechanisms and clinical significance are not clearly established.
Objectives:- to investigate the relationship between alph-1 antitrypsin,leptein,adiponectein in serum of an obese population to find new markers for treating obesity and related disease.
Patients and methods:-This study had included thirty patients with obese (12 male and 18 female) with age ranged between 30-45 years and thirty apparently subjects matched for age and weight have been studied, attending the out patients consultation clinic of Baghdad teaching hospital in medical city. The levels of A1AT, adiponectin, leptin, within the centrifuged samples were tested using the ELISA kits purchased from the Millipore Corporation
Results:- Result obtained in the present study showed that serum levels of alph-1antitrypsin and adiponectin were significantly lower in obese patients than in healthy control.while the serum level of leptin was significantly higher in obese patients than in healthy control.
Conclusion:-levels of alpha-1antitrypsin in human serum
correlate strongly with BMI and also with serum levels of adiponectin, and leptin. These results suggest that alpha-1antitrypsin might be useful as a biomarker and be a potential target for treating obesity.
Sinonasal Anatomy Variations on CT Scans of a Sample of Filipino Adults With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Policina Catherine , Ambrocio Giancarla Marie , Roldan Rodante , Grullo Precious Eunice 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the prevalence of sinonasal anatomic variations seen on paranasal sinus (PNS) CT scans of a sample of Filipino adults with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Participants: The PNS CT scans of 51 Filipino patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis diagnosed at our outpatien Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery between October 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed for the presence of sinonasal anatomic variants. The prevalence of the identified variants was calculated.
Results: The CT scans of 51 patients, 41 (80.4%) men and 10 (19.6%) women, were included. The median age was 48 years (Q25: 35, Q75: 56, IQR:21). The median Lund Mackay Score (LMS) was 15 (Q25: 12, Q75: 20, IQR:8). Majority (94%) had an LMS of ≥5. The most common anatomic variant in the study population was agger nasi (n=46/51, 90.2% present bilaterally) followed by uncinate process attachment to the lamina papyracea (n=90/102, 88.24%). The third to sixth most common findings were Keros type II classification (n=76/102, 74.51%), nasal septal deviation (n=35/51, 68.62%), optic nerve canal type 1 (n=67/102, 65.69%) and anterior ethmoid artery grade 1 (n=46/102, 45.1%), respectively. Less common variants were Onodi cell (n=13/51, 25.49% unilateral and n=10/51, 19.61% bilateral), Haller cell (n=8/51, 15.69% unilateral and n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral), supraorbital cell (n=4/51, 7.84% unilateral and n=4/51, 7.84% bilateral), middle turbinate concha bullosa (n=3/51, 5.88% unilateral and n=6/51, 11.76% bilateral), superior turbinate concha bullosa (n=2/51, 3.92% unilateral and n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral), pneumatized crista galli (n=2/51, 3.92%) and optic nerve dehiscence (n=1/51, 1.96% bilateral).
Conclusion: In the adult Filipino population with CRS sampled in this study, the six most common sinonasal anatomic variants were agger nasi, superior attachment of the uncinate process to the lamina papyracea, Keros type II classification, septal deviation, optic nerve canal type 1 and anterior ethmoid artery grade 1. Pre-operatively, the PNS CT scan of every patient must be meticulously evaluated for the sinonasal anatomic variants to avoid surgical complications.
ФІНАНСОВІ ТА РЕГУЛЯТОРНІ ЗАХОДИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ОПОРНИХ ШКІЛ ЯК ЗАПОРУКА ЯКІСНОЇ ОСВІТИ У ВОЄННИЙ ЧАС
Authors: Матвієнко Галина , Мирошниченко Володимир 
Published: June 2023

У статті досліджені фінансові та регуляторні заходи стимулювання розвитку опорних шкіл як запоруки якісної освіти в воєнний час. Доведена важливість фінансування якісної світи для майбутнього розвитку країни. Досліджені законодавчі аспекти фінансування та функціонування опорних шкіл. Зазначено, що суттєве скорочення видатків на освіту вимагає запровадження нових ефективних механізмів фінансування освіти та нових підходів щодо управління. Визначені основні джерела фінансування середньої освіти та доведена необхідність та важливість розвитку опорних шкіл в Україні. Виділені основні напрямки розвитку середньої освіти в контексті післявоєнного відновлення. Сформульовано основні виклики та пріоритети розвитку середньої освіти в воєнний час та її фінансування.
Toward the Automation of Search and Rescue Operations: An Algorithm for Finding Missing Lost Persons Living With Dementia Using Drones
Authors: Hanna Dalia 
Published: June 2023

<p>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are now used in many applications. The focus in this research work is on their use for public safety, specifically in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations involving Lost Persons Living With Dementia (LPLWD). When it comes to saving lives, there are many human factors associated with UAV operations that impact the performance of expert human SAR teams that could be improved through some form of automation. These include familiarity with the search location, and tasks associated with piloting and search/flight management during SAR operations. An LPLWD may not be interested in assisting in their own rescue as they may not know they are lost. As such, it has been observed that they tend to keep walking until they are faced with an obstacle that bars their continued progress. The approach presented in this research work focuses on developing a people-finding method to identify high-probability locations where an LPLWD might be found through informed, behavior-based analysis of the search location, and then developing an algorithm to fly a UAV to the vicinity of these high-probability locations. The algorithm was validated through field testing. The results from both the data collection process and the field tests indicated that there were efficiencies in using the drone, which enhanced the probability of finding the lost person alive. An informed process, involving automated approaches using R software to scrub and augment the data by adding any missing values in the dataset, helped to clarify the behaviour of the lost person and determine what significant variables enhanced their survivability. Linear regression was utilized to acquire the correlations between the numeric values in the database. Logistic regression and classification models were used to investigate </p>
<p>survivability. </p>
<p>The final goal of this work is to address the possibility of automating certain types of SAR. The outcome will also inform the design of use cases that could be used in various test environments.</p>
Otomatik/robotik ve geleneksel makineli sağımın somatik hücre ve aerobik kültür sayısı üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÖKTEPE Abdullah Engin , AKÇAY Aytaç , GÜRLER Hande 
Published: June 2023

Sağım şekli süt kalitesi ve meme sağlığını etkilemektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, geleneksel makineli sağım ile otomatik sağım sistemleri kullanılarak sağılan ineklerde sağım sisteminin sütteki aerobik bakteri sayısı ve somatik hücre sayısı üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma materyalini makineli sağım ile otomatik sağım sistemi kullanan çiftliklerden toplanan süt örnekleri oluşturmuştur. Sağım tipine göre süt örneklerindeki aerobik bakteri ve somatik hücre sayılarının Log10 dönüşümleri yapılmış, istatistik karşılaştırmasında Student T test kullanılmıştır.
Çalışma sonucunda makineli sağım ile otomatik sağımından elde edilen süt örneklerinde aerobik bakteri sayısı istatistik olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermiş (p=0,002), somatik hücre sayısı bakımından anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p=0,605). Buna göre süt örneklerinde aerobik bakteri sayısı (log10) makineli sağımda (4,83) otomatik sağımdan (4,28) daha yüksek hesaplanmıştır.
Chemotherapy efficacy in metastatic neuroendocrine colorectal cancer
Authors: Seidinovich A. , Gordeev S. S. , Markovich A. A. , Komarov I. G. , Alexancev D. V. , Mamedli Z. Z. 
Published: June 2023

AIM: to evaluate the effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy in patients with colorectal neuroendocrine cancer (NEC).PATIENTS AND METHODS: a retrospective study included patients with metastatic colorectal NEC (2000-2020). The main analyzed parameter was the response rate to treatment according to the RECIST criteria, depending on the regimen used in the first line. The overall survival was additional parameter.RESULTS: the study included 27 patients (13 with initial stage IV disease and 14 with progression after primary radical treatment). Ten patients in the 1st line underwent chemotherapy according to the EP scheme, 4 — XELOX, 2 — FOLFIRI, 2 — Irinotecan and Cisplatin, 1 — Samarium, 1 — Nivolumab, 1 — 5-FU-LV. Most often, the treatment effect (partial response or stabilization) was observed against the background of chemotherapy according to the EP scheme — in 60% of patients. The median OS was 7 months.CONCLUSION: the use of chemotherapy according to the EP regimen is the preferred options for the treatment of metastatic colorectal NEC. The median OS in this group of patients remains extremely low, and new clinical trials are needed.
Parastomal hernias: the current state (review)
Authors: Kopteev N. R. , Ovchinnikov T. S. , Lodygin A. V. , Bogatikov A. A. , Kashchenko V. A. 
Published: June 2023

Every year there is an increase in the number of patients with intestinal stoma, which leads to an increase in the incidence of parastomal hernias (PSH). More than 50% of ostomy patients develop a parastomal hernia two or more years after radical surgery. To date, there are many surgical options for PSH, however, a unified algorithm for choosing an operational technique has not been evolved.The purpose of this review is to study modern surgical methods for the treatment of PSH and their late results, to determine the optimal approach and benefits.The review of the literature showed that in all cases of surgical treatment of PSH it is necessary to use mesh implants. The optimal technique for PSH hernioplasty is the laparoscopic version of Sugarbaker due to the low risk of recurrence and technical simplicity. In patients with large and giant PSH or hernia recurrence, STORRM is the technique of choice; classical stoma transposition is not used due to the high risk of recurrence. The use of Pauli/ePauli technique demonstrates a low recurrence rate, but there are no late results in this category of patients.
Transmucosal laser ablation for combined hemorrhoids of 2–3 stages
Authors: Matveev I. A. , Gibert B. K. , Matveev A. I. , Borodin N. A. , Morozova L. A. , Povarnin N. N. 
Published: June 2023

AIM: to assess of the results of transmucosal laser ablation (TMLA) for internal piles and simultaneous elimination of external piles in patients with combined hemorrhoids of 2–3 stages.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the retrospective study included 226 patients. TMLA of internal nodes with excision or destruction of external piles was performed in 136 patients (the main group) and 90 laser destructions of internal nodes only consisted the control group. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia on a Lakhta-Milon device with a wavelength of 1.47 μm with a power of 8.0 W. The operation time, the pain syndrome, its duration after surgery, the complication rate and the recurrence rate up to 18 months were estimated.RESULTS: the operation time in the main group was 15.0 minutes (10 min in control group; p = 0.001), the pain intensity during procedure was determined by patients at 2.5 points of VAS (2.5 — in controls; p = 0.81). Postoperative pain was detected up to 6 days (5 days in controls; p = 0.44). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 4 (2.9%) (8 — in controls; p = 0.051), recurrence occurred in 3 (4.8%) patients after 12 months (1 patient in controls; p = 0.5).СONCLUSION: TMLA has a good tolerability and good late results, which is the motivation for wide implementation for patients with hemorrhoids in outpatient basis.
AI-based algorithm for clinical decision support system in colonoscopy
Authors: Mtvralashvili D. A. , Shakhmatov D. G. , Likutov A. A. , Zapolsky A. G. , Suslova D. I. , Borodinov A. A. , Sushkov O. I. , Achkasov S. I. 
Published: June 2023

AIM: to estimate the implementation of the original method that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to detect colorectal neoplasms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: we selected 1070 colonoscopy videos from our archive with 5 types of lesions: hyperplastic polyp, serrated adenoma, adenoma with low-grade dysplasia, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer. Then 9838 informative frames were selected, including 6543 with neoplasms. Lesions were annotated to obtain data set that was finally used for training a convolution al neural network (YOLOv5).RESULTS: the trained algorithm is able to detect neoplasms with an accuracy of 83.2% and a sensitivity of 77.2% on a test sample of the dataset. The most common algorithm errors were revealed and analyzed.CONCLUSION: the obtained data set provided an AI-based algorithm that can detect colorectal neoplasms in the video stream of a colonoscopy recording. Further development of the technology probably will provide creation of a clinical decision support system in colonoscopy.