bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid TCR:Epitope Ranker (RAPTER): a primary human T cell reactivity screening assay pairing epitope and TCR at single cell resolution
Authors: Deering Raquel P. , Blumenberg Lili , Li Lianjie , Dhanik Ankur , Jeong Se , Pourpe Stephane , Song Hang , Boucher Lauren , Ragunathan Shoba , Li Yanxia , Zhong Maggie , Kuhnert Jessica , Adler Christina , Hawkins Peter , Gupta Namita T. , Moore Michael , Ni Min , Hansen Johanna , Wei Yi , Thurston Gavin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying epitopes that T cells respond to is critical for understanding T cell-mediated immunity. Traditional multimer and other single cell assays often require large blood volumes and/or expensive HLA-specific reagents and provide limited phenotypic and functional information. Here, we present the Rapid TCR:Epitope Ranker (RAPTER) assay, a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-SEQ) method that uses primary human T cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) to assess functional T cell reactivity. Using hash-tag oligonucleotide (HTO) coding and T cell activation-induced markers (AIM), RAPTER defines paired epitope specificity and TCR sequence and can include RNA- and protein-level T cell phenotype information. We demonstrate that RAPTER identified specific reactivities to viral and tumor antigens at sensitivities as low as 0.15% of total CD8+ T cells, and deconvoluted low-frequency circulating HPV16-specific T cell clones from a cervical cancer patient. The specificities of TCRs identified by RAPTER for MART1, EBV, and influenza epitopes were functionally confirmed in vitro. In summary, RAPTER identifies low-frequency T cell reactivities using primary cells from low blood volumes, and the resulting paired TCR:ligand information can directly enable immunogenic antigen selection from limited patient samples for vaccine epitope inclusion, antigen-specific TCR tracking, and TCR cloning for further therapeutic development.
Enhancement of Indian summer monsoon rainfall by cross-equatorial dry intrusions
Authors: Rai Deepika , Raveh-Rubin Shira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Indian summer monsoon affects the lives of over 1/6 of the world’s population. Precipitation extremes during summer monsoons have dire socioeconomic impacts. Yet, the mechanisms leading to these extremes are poorly understood, making their accurate forecasts and reliable future projections a longstanding challenge. Using a Lagrangian-based method, we show that precipitation extremes link to dry air intrusions from the southern midlatitudes upper troposphere, crossing the equator, and reaching the Arabian Sea. By triggering intense ocean evaporation, these dry intrusions are associated with modulated moisture transport patterns toward India and enhanced precipitation by >17% on average, often embedding local extremes. A notable example is the excessive rain that caused the devastating Kerala flood of 2018. However, depending on the wind pattern, these dry intrusions may, in some cases, decrease rainfall over land. The emerging connection of rainfall variability with midlatitude weather systems opens opportunities for improving the forecast of precipitation extremes and understanding their future projections.
Multimodal single cell analysis infers widespread enhancer co-activity in a lymphoblastoid cell line
Authors: Ziyani Chaymae , Delaneau Olivier , Ribeiro Diogo M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon-coding regulatory elements such as enhancers are key in controlling the cell-type specificity and spatio-temporal expression of genes. To drive stable and precise gene transcription robust to genetic variation and environmental stress, genes are often targeted by multiple enhancers with redundant action. However, it is unknown whether enhancers targeting the same gene display simultaneous activity or whether some enhancer combinations are more often co-active than others. Here, we take advantage of recent developments in single cell technology that permit assessing chromatin status (scATAC-seq) and gene expression (scRNA-seq) in the same single cells to correlate gene expression to the activity of multiple enhancers. Measuring activity patterns across 24,844 human lymphoblastoid single cells, we find that the majority of enhancers associated with the same gene display significant correlation in their chromatin profiles. For 6944 expressed genes associated with enhancers, we predict 89,885 significant enhancer-enhancer associations between nearby enhancers. We find that associated enhancers share similar transcription factor binding profiles and that gene essentiality is linked with higher enhancer co-activity. We provide a set of predicted enhancer-enhancer associations based on correlation derived from a single cell line, which can be further investigated for functional relevance.
Artificial intelligence for improved fitting of trajectories of elementary particles in dense materials immersed in a magnetic field
Authors: Alonso-Monsalve Saúl , Sgalaberna Davide , Zhao Xingyu , McGrew Clark , Rubbia André 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParticle track fitting is crucial for understanding particle kinematics. In this article, we use artificial intelligence algorithms to show how to enhance the resolution of the elementary particle track fitting in dense detectors, such as plastic scintillators. We use deep learning to replace more traditional Bayesian filtering methods, drastically improving the reconstruction of the interacting particle kinematics. We show that a specific form of neural network, inherited from the field of natural language processing, is very close to the concept of a Bayesian filter that adopts a hyper-informative prior. Such a paradigm change can influence the design of future particle physics experiments and their data exploitation.
How can a diverse set of integral and semi-integral measurements inform identification of discrepant nuclear data?
Authors: Clark Alexander R. , Neudecker Denise , Grosskopf Michael , Vander Wiel Scott 
Published: May 2023

Nuclear data are used for a variety of applications, including criticality safety, reactor performance, and material safeguards. Despite the breadth of use-cases, the effective neutron multiplication factor, keff, of ICSBEP critical assemblies are primarily used for nuclear data validation; these are sensitive to specific energy regions and nuclides and are unable to uniquely constrain nuclear data. As a consequence, general-purpose nuclear data libraries, such as ENDF/B-VIII.0 [1], may have deficiencies that, while not apparent in criticality applications, negatively impact other applications, such as non-destructive analysis of special nuclear material [2, 3] and neutron diagnosed subcritical experiments [4].
Recent work by the Experiments Underpinned by Computational Learning for Improvements in Nuclear Data (EUCLID) project developed a machine learning tool, RAFIEKI, which uses random forests and the SHAP metric to determine which nuclear data contribute most to predicted bias between measured and simulated responses (e.g. keff). This paper contrasts RAFIEKI analysis applied to keff only against RAFIEKI analysis with keff paired with either LLNL pulsed sphere measurements or subcritical benchmarks. Two examples show that a) including pulsed sphere measurements substantially increases 9Be nuclear data importance to bias between 2 and 15 MeV, and b) including subcritical benchmarks has the potential for disentangling compensating errors between 240Pu (n,el) and (n,il) cross-sections between 0.1 and 10 MeV. These results show that RAFIEKI analysis applied to response sets that include, but go beyond, keff can aid nuclear data evaluators in identifying issues in nuclear data.
Kapitel Basistherapie: Kalzium, Vitamin D und K, Ernährung,
Körperliches Training
Authors: Maus Uwe , Kuehlein Thomas , Jakob Franz , Belavy Daniel , Thomasius Friederike 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird der aktuelle Stand der DVO-Leitlinienempfehlungen zur
Basistherapie vorgestellt. Die Basistherapie ist die Grundlage jeder
Osteoporosebehandlung und ist auch für die
Primärprävention von entscheidender Bedeutung, noch bevor die
Knochenmineraldichte niedrig ist oder Frakturen auftreten. Auf der Grundlage
einer aktualisierten Literaturrecherche umfasst das Kapitel Empfehlungen zu
Kalzium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K und anderen Ernährungsaspekten sowie zu
körperlicher Aktivität. Frühere Empfehlungen wurden
überprüft und auf der Grundlage der neuen Literatur
ergänzt. Die Empfehlungen für die Einnahme von Kalzium und
Vitamin D, situationsabhängig entweder über die
Ernährung oder über Supplemente, bleiben unverändert.
Vitamin K wird nur zum Ausgleich eines Mangels empfohlen, da die Datenlage
für eine Empfehlung in anderen Bereichen wie der allgemeinen
Frakturprävention zu inkonsistent ist. Körperliche
Aktivität hat einen positiven Effekt auf das Frakturrisiko und die
Knochendichte und ist daher auch weiterhin eine wichtige Empfehlung,
idealerweise im Rahmen eines angepassten, supervidierten Trainingsprogramms.
Scope of Homoeopathic Intervention for Allergic Rhinitis—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dewan Deepti , Akareddy Anusuya M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground Allergic rhinitis (AR) is defined as inflammation of the inside lining of the nose that occurs when a person inhales something he or she is allergic to, such as animal dander or pollen etc. Symptoms of AR include sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, post nasal drip and itchy nose. This review identifies and assesses studies done with homoeopathic intervention for the management of AR.Objective The aim of this article was to review the available studies on homeopathic intervention in treatment of AR and to develop strategy for future research through this review.Materials and Methods An online search was conducted, following international/national databases for all clinical studies published in the period from 2000 to 2022. This search was aimed to target the entire available literature of randomised trials or controlled trials, observational studies, case studies/reports on AR treated with homoeopathy. Relevant research was categorised by study type and appraised according to study design with their clinical outcomes.Results Thirty-eight articles related to homoeopathy in AR were identified. Out of these 17 studies (10 observational studies, 07 randomised controlled trials) were included in this review. Case series, case records, dissertations and review articles were excluded from this review.Conclusion Studies identified in this review showed that homoeopathy is effective in the management and prevention of acute episodes of AR. More more pragmatic studies need to be planned in the future.
Presurgical Perspectives and Post-treatment Evaluation of Achilles Tendon Injuries
Authors: Moriarty Meghan A. , Morrison William B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Achilles is a commonly injured tendon, prone to degeneration and tear. Achilles tendon treatment ranges from conservative management to injections, tenotomy, open versus percutaneous tendon repair, graft reconstruction, and flexor hallucis longus transfer. Interpreting postoperative imaging of the Achilles tendon is a difficult task for many providers. This article clarifies these issues by presenting the imaging findings following standard treatments and depicts expected appearance versus recurrent tear and other complications.
Osteochondral Lesions of the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Haug Logan P. , Sill Andrew P. , Shrestha Roman , Patel Karan A. , Kile Todd A. , Fox Michael G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOsteochondral lesions (OCLs) in the ankle are more common than OCLs of the foot, but both share a similar imaging appearance. Knowledge of the various imaging modalities, as well as available surgical techniques, is important for radiologists. We discuss radiographs, ultrasonography, computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate OCLs. In addition, various surgical techniques used to treat OCLs—debridement, retrograde drilling, microfracture, micronized cartilage-augmented microfracture, autografts, and allografts—are described with an emphasis on postoperative appearance following these techniques.
A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centric Clinical Trial of Ultra-Diluted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nosode (Emtact 30c) in the Management of Recurrent Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Affections
Authors: Shaik Feroz , Singh Arjun , Talele Gitanjali , Shah Rajesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Due to the rising incidence of respiratory infections, numerous interventions are being tried as preventive/therapeutic alternatives. The Emtact 30c is a polyvalent nosode prepared from various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of Emtact 30c by measuring the reduction in frequency, severity of episodes and relief in recurrent upper/lower respiratory tract (URT/LRT) affections.
Method A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 148 patients in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients satisfying inclusion/ exclusion criteria were randomised to receive either placebo or Emtact 30c administered thrice daily for 6 months.
Result There was a significant reduction in symptoms like nasal blockage, sneezing, watery nasal discharge, disturbed sleep and bothersomeness in the Emtact-treated arm. A significant decrease in symptoms (nose block) was observed in Emtact-arm (p < 0.001). The parameters that showed significant improvement in Emtact-arm were sleep (p = 0.0084), mood/thinking ability (p = 0.028) and bothersomeness (p = 0.0499). The marked effect on appetite was favourable in Emtact-arm (p = 0.0078). There was a decrease in weight in the placebo arm, while the Emtact- arm had weight gain. An improvement in haemoglobin and lymphocytes was an important outcome of this study. The trial has shown that Emtact has reduced the symptoms and severity of URT and LRT affections.
Conclusion Emtact may be used as a safe and efficacious alternative to treat URT and LRT affections. More studies evaluating mechanisms at biochemical and molecular levels would help.
Outcomes Associated with a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Sedation Weaning Protocol
Authors: Harper Kimberley , Anderson Jessica , Pingel Julie S. , Boyle Katharine , Wang Li , Lindsell Christopher J. , Sweeney Ann , Betters Kristina A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective This article compares patient outcomes before and after implementation of a risk stratified pediatric sedation weaning protocol.
Methods This observational cohort study, in a 30-bed tertiary care pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), included patients requiring opioid, benzodiazepine, and/or dexmedetomidine infusions. Outcomes (duration of wean, PICU length of stay [LOS], and Withdrawal Assessment Tool [WAT-1] scores) were collected by retrospective chart review for 12 months before and after protocol implementation. The influence of the protocol was assessed using an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis.
Results There were 49 patients before and 47 patients after protocol implementation. Median opioid wean duration preprotocol was 10.5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.25, 20.75) versus 9.0 days (IQR: 5.0, 16.75) postprotocol (p = 0.66). Median benzodiazepine wean duration was 11.5 days (IQR: 3.0, 19.8) preprotocol versus 5.0 days (IQR: 2.0, 13.5) postprotocol (p = 0.31). Median alpha-agonist wean duration was 7.0 days (IQR: 3.5, 17.0) preprotocol versus 3 days (IQR: 1.0, 14.0) postprotocol (p = 0.03). The ITS indicated a reduction in opioid wean by 6.7 days (p = 0.35), a reduction in benzodiazepine wean by 13.4 days (p = 0.12), and a reduction in alpha-agonist wean by 12.9 days (p = 0.06). WAT-1 scores > 3 (12.6% preprotocol vs. 9.9% postprotocol, p = 0.569) and PICU LOS (16.0 days [IQR: 11.0, 26.0] vs. 17.0 days [IQR: 11.0, 26.5], p = 0.796) did not differ between groups.
Conclusion Implementation of a risk stratified sedation weaning protocol in the PICU was associated with a significant reduction in alpha-agonist wean duration without a significant increase in withdrawal symptoms.
Infantile Tremor Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Saoji Avanti , Save Sushma , Rastogi Sanchi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is a rare clinical disorder characterized by coarse tremors, anemia, and regression/delay of development in children around 6 months to 1 year of age belonging to poor socioeconomic strata and on milk-based diet. It accounts for 0.2 to 2% cases in India. No conclusive etiology has been ascertained so far. Nutritional deficiency (like vitamin B12, magnesium, vitamin C, zinc) is the most accepted association. We report six such cases that presented to our hospital with the classical neurological, dermatological, and hematological findings of ITS. Investigations revealed all cases to be vitamin B12 deficient. Two of our cases had corticocerebral atrophy on neuroimaging. One case expired due to respiratory failure due to severe pneumonia. Others were treated with vitamin B12 injections. Other nutrients like iron, zinc, folic acid, and magnesium were also supplemented. Routine follow-up of these cases showed gradual improvement in clinical, hematological, and neurological parameters. Although rare, ITS should be considered in any infant presenting with anemia, malnutrition, developmental delay, hyperpigmentation, and tremors. Early treatment can prevent neurological sequelae as it is largely a preventable disease. Regular follow-up is helpful to evaluate response to treatment.
Factors driving the implementation of the ‘Local New Year’ policy to prevent COVID-19 in China
Authors: Zhu Bifeng , Ding Manqi , Xiang Xingwei , Sun Chaoyang , Tian Xiaoqian , Yin Junfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the contradiction caused by the ‘local new year’ policy, that is, the conflict between the pandemic prevention policies and people’s emotional demands during the Spring Festival, based on the normalisation of pandemic prevention and control. It focuses on the scientific logical relationship with the contradiction that people voluntarily support ‘local new year’, to explore the primary driving factors of their willingness. By evaluating the migrant workers in large cities, the primary influencing factors were screened, and the primary dynamic factors and their relationship were obtained using the Logit logical selection model and maximum-likelihood estimation. The study identified, ‘whether social and entertainment activities are planned in migrant cities’, as the primary driving factor, followed by ‘whether there are relatives (elderly /children) at home’, and ‘contracting the infection during travel’. In view of this conclusion, this study further proposes corresponding policy suggestions: Relevant measures should be adopted according to different regions and the current situation of the pandemic in combination with the characteristics of the episodic and local nature of the pandemic. ‘Local new year’ is encouraged from the perspective of enriching people’s emotional needs for spiritual entertainment and care. This study provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for the research and formulation of policies related to the normalisation of pandemic prevention and control in China and worldwide, and has a certain practical reference value.
Has the establishment of green finance reform and innovation pilot zones improved air quality? Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Xie Yufan , Obobisa Emma Serwaa , Sun Huaping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe role of finance in environmental sustainability is becoming increasingly important. This study conducts a quasi-natural experiment using a sample of 146 prefecture-level cities from 2015 to 2019. It adopts difference-in-differences to examine the impact of China’s green finance reform and innovations pilot zones (GFRIs) on urban air quality. The findings show that air quality has improved after the establishment of GFRIs, indicating that GFRIs have the potential to control air pollution levels. The mechanism tests indicate that the GFRIs are conducive to improving air quality through industrial structure upgrading and green innovation. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analyses show that the air quality in the south of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line, in large and well-developed financially scaled cities, has improved significantly after the establishment of GFRIs.
The Enregisterment of Luxembourgish Standards in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Cosme Gabriel Rivera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLuxembourg is characterized by a personal language policy in which Luxembourgish, French, German, and German Sign Language are recognized and enregistered as national (Luxembourgish) and administrative languages. Pivotal in such a policy development was the enregisterment of a Luxembourgish voice throughout the nineteenth century as either a bilingual French/German voice (subsuming Luxembourgish under German) or as a gallicized German voice through conflicting ideologies of personhood and nationhood. Through an analysis of policy, media, and linguistics texts from 1830 to 1896, I argue that cross-event linkages between these texts allow for the identification of two distinct ethnometapragmatics. These typify a Luxembourgish voice and enregister the Luxembourgish language as a highly disputed emblem of nationhood. These ethnometapragmatics were speech events that solidified into pathways that characterized nineteenth-century Luxembourg until 1896, when Caspar Mathias Spoo gave a speech in Parliament whose effects slightly shifted these two pathways by redefining the high/low register division through an ideology of democratization.
Momentum gauge fields from curved momentum space through Kaluza–Klein reduction
Authors: Guendelman Eduardo , Wagner Fabian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work we investigate the relation between curved momentum space and momentum-dependent gauge fields. While the former is a classic idea that has been shown to be tied to minimal-length models, the latter constitutes a relatively recent development in quantum gravity phenomenology. In particular, the gauge principle in momentum space amounts to a modification of the position operator of the form

X
ˆ

μ

→

X
ˆ

μ

−
g

A
μ

(

P
ˆ

)

akin to a gauge-covariant derivative in momentum space according to the minimal coupling prescription. Here, we derive both effects from a Kaluza–Klein reduction of a higher-dimensional geometry exhibiting curvature in momentum space. The interplay of the emerging gauge fields as well as the remaining curved momentum space lead to modifications of the Heisenberg algebra. While the gauge fields imply Moyal-type noncommutativity dependent on the analogue field strength tensor, the dimensionally reduced curved momentum space geometry translates to a Snyder-type noncommutative geometry.
Light ray fluctuation and lattice refinement of simplicial quantum gravity
Authors: Jia (贾 丁) Ding 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In several approaches of non-perturbative quantum gravity, a major outstanding problem is to obtain results valid at the infinite lattice refinement limit. Working with Lorentzian simplicial quantum gravity, we compute light ray fluctuation probabilities in 3D and 4D across different lattices. In a simplified refined box model with the Einstein–Hilbert action, numerical results show that lattice refinement does not simply suppress or simply enhance light ray fluctuations, but actually drives very wide and very narrow light probability distributions towards intermediate ones. A comparison across lattices and across couplings reveals numerical hints at a lattice refinement fixed point associated with a universality class of couplings. The results fit the intuition that quantum spacetime fluctuations reflected by light ray fluctuations start wild microscopically and become mild macroscopically. The refined box model is limited by the assumption of a rigid frame at all scales. The present results suggest further studies around the zero-coupling limit to relax the simplifying assumptions of the model.