bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectono‐Thermal Evolution of the Hope‐Kelly Fault System, Southern Alps, New Zealand: Insights From Topographic Analysis and (U‐Th)/He Thermochronology
Authors: Vermeer Jessie L. , Quigley Mark C. , Boone Samuel C. , Duffy Brendan G. , Langridge Robert M. , Kohn Barry P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fast‐slipping Alpine (∼30 mm/yr), Hope (∼10–20 mm/yr) and Kelly (∼6 mm/yr) faults in the South Island of New Zealand form a complex intersection zone that accommodates tectonic strain along the Australian‐Pacific plate boundary. Analysis of digital topography reveals evidence for stream capture, drainage divide migration, landscape responses to incipient fault development, and preserved enclaves of relic topography that collectively reflect complex interplays between active faulting and landscape evolution. (U‐Th)/He thermochronology of zircon (ZHe) and apatite (AHe) is used to investigate the low‐temperature thermal evolution of rocks in the intersection zone. Weighted mean sample ages for ZHe single grain ages (n = 13 samples) range from ∼9 to 2 Ma, and AHe multi‐grain and single grain aliquot ages (n = 9 samples) range from ∼1.5 to 0.5 Ma. Inverse and forward thermal history modeling reveals distinct spatiotemporal variations in thermal histories. Late Miocene exhumation rates (∼0.6–3.5 km/Myr, assuming geothermal gradients of 33–40 °C/km) through crustal depths of approximately 5–6 km, are interpreted to be controlled by proximity to the Alpine fault, with rocks proximal to the fault recording faster exhumation rates relative to distal samples. Establishment of the Hope‐Kelly fault system in the Quaternary structurally juxtaposed rocks with discordant cooling histories. Rocks throughout the study region record increased cooling rates from ∼2 Ma. Possible causal mechanisms include, spatial changes in rock uplift associated with transport toward the Alpine Fault, increased erosion rates associated with Quaternary climate change, or increased rock mass erodibility associated with development of the Hope‐Kelly fault system.
Deciphering the Whisper of Volcanoes: Monitoring Velocity Changes at Kamchatka's Klyuchevskoy Group With Fluctuating Noise Fields
Authors: Makus Peter , Sens‐Schönfelder Christoph , Illien Luc , Walter Thomas R. , Yates Alexander , Tilmann Frederik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVolcanic inflation and deflation often precede eruptions and can lead to seismic velocity changes () in the subsurface. Recently, interferometry on the coda of ambient noise‐cross‐correlation functions yielded encouraging results in detecting these changes at active volcanoes. Here, we analyze seismic data recorded at the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group in Kamchatka, Russia, between summer of 2015 and summer of 2016 to study signals related to volcanic activity. However, ubiquitous volcanic tremors introduce distortions in the noise wavefield that cause artifacts in the estimates masking the impact of physical mechanisms. To avoid such instabilities, we propose a new technique called time‐segmented passive image interferometry. In this technique, we employ a hierarchical clustering algorithm to find periods in which the wavefield can be considered stationary. For these periods, we perform separate noise interferometry studies. To further increase the temporal resolution of our results, we use an AI‐driven approach to find stations with similar responses and apply a spatial stack. The impacts of snow load and precipitation dominate the resulting time series, as we demonstrate with the help of a simple model. In February 2016, we observe an abrupt velocity drop due to the M7.2 Zhupanov earthquake. Shortly after, we register a gradual velocity increase of about 0.3% at Bezymianny Volcano coinciding with surface deformation observed using remote sensing techniques. We suggest that the inflation of a shallow reservoir related to the beginning of Bezymianny's 2016/2017 eruptive cycle could have caused this local velocity increase and a decorrelation of the correlation function coda.
Vegetation‐Driven Seasonal Sediment Dynamics in a Freshwater Marsh of the Mississippi River Delta
Authors: Beltrán‐Burgos M. , Esposito C. R. , Nepf H. M. , Baustian M. M. , Di Leonardo D. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeltaic wetlands are critically important coastal environments, upon which hundreds of millions of people depend. Managing and preserving them in the face of sea level rise will be a challenging task over the next century that will require land managers to devise restoration strategies that maximize the delivery and storage of mineral sediments, and to apportion limited sediment resources to priority locations. We collected a unique field data set characterizing sediment delivery to, and retention in, a deltaic wetland throughout a period of rapidly changing emergent and submerged vegetation conditions in the spring of 2019. Our results demonstrate that wetland deposition is extremely sensitive to the timing of the flood pulse with respect to vegetation conditions, and that vegetation alone can adjust sediment delivery and retention by one or more orders of magnitude over a period of weeks. In planning for wetland management operations, it will be critical for managers to assess these rapidly changing conditions as they influence project success.
Application of the CNOP‐P Ensemble Prediction (CNOP‐PEP) Method in Evapotranspiration Forecasting Over the Tibetan Plateau to Model Parameter Uncertainties
Authors: Sun Guodong , Mu Mu , Zhang Qiyu , Ren Qiujie , You Qinglong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModel parameter errors are one of the sources of uncertainty when simulating or predicting evapotranspiration (ET) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). To enhance the ET simulation ability and prediction skill over the TP, the conditional nonlinear optimal parameter perturbation (CNOP‐P) method is used to establish an ensemble prediction method (called the CNOP‐PEP method) to represent uncertainties arising due to the model parameters to implement ensemble prediction experiments. The one‐at‐a‐time (OAT) method and the traditional stochastically perturbed parametrization (SPP) scheme are also employed to implement ensemble prediction experiments for comparison with the CNOP‐PEP method. The numerical results show that all ensemble prediction experiments conducted with the three methods exhibit improved prediction skills compared to the reference ET over the TP. Furthermore, the prediction skill by employing the CNOP‐PEP method is more excellent than those of the OAT and SPP methods when predicting ET over the TP. The physical mechanism analysis shows that the improved evaporation characterization obtained with the ensemble prediction experiments plays a key role in reducing uncertainties when simulating and predicting ET over the TP. The above results indicate that ensemble prediction methods are a helpful tool to improve the simulation ability and prediction skill of the ET over the TP for analyzing model parameters. In addition, the CNOP‐PEP method can supply prime ensemble members to represent uncertainties in model parameters.
Abrupt Change of the Generalized Complementary Relationship of Evaporation Over Irrigated Double Cropping North China Plain With East Asian Monsoon
Authors: Han Songjun , Zhao Yujie , Zhang Baozhong , Wang Yaqi , Lei Huimin , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhao Fenghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe generalized complementary relationship (CR) of evaporation was investigated in the irrigated winter wheat/summer maize double‐cropping sites in North China Plain (NCP), a region influenced by the East Asian dry winter and wet summer monsoon. Different generalized CRs exist in the winter wheat (dry) and summer maize (wet) seasons with abrupt changes in June and October. The seasonal abrupt change in the CR is attributed to the sudden reversed water vapor transport with the winter and summer monsoon and the wheat/maize rotation with irrigation in the winter wheat season. The separation and abrupt change in the complementary behavior require that two‐stage phased parameters corresponding to the wheat (dry) and maize (wet) seasons should be adopted by the generalized complementary functions for operational evaporation estimation in the irrigated double cropping NCP.
Sea Ice Melting Drives Substantial Change in Dissolved Organic Matter in Surface Water off Prydz Bay, East Antarctic
Authors: Yu Jianchun , Zhu Guoping , Wang Yasong , Wang Yinghui , Han Lulu , Liu Zijun , Zhang Xi , Xu Yunping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolar ecosystems are vulnerable to climate warming and are characterized by a rapid decline in sea ice. In this study, we collected surface water samples from the Southern Ocean off Prydz Bay during and after sea ice melting season (SIM). After removing the particles using 0.7‐μm pore size filters, we measured the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by using the total organic carbon analyzer, optical spectrometry, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The mean DOC concentration during the SIM is 1.3‐fold higher than that during the post‐SIM, whereas the a350 value, an indicator of chromophoric DOM, showed the opposite trend by a factor of 2.8. Five components, including three humic‐like and two protein‐like substances were identified by fluorescence excitation emission matrices‐parallel factor analysis, in which protein‐like biolabile components were enriched during the SIM and humic‐like refractory components were enriched during the post‐SIM. The DOM in the water samples from the SIM had higher proportions of polycyclic aromatics, polyphenols, and compounds within molecular lability boundary, whereas the DOM from the post‐SIM had a higher proportion of highly unsaturated compounds. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between DOM and sea‐ice melting/associated environmental factors (e.g., water temperature, salinity, and microbial activity). These collective results suggest that sea ice melting is an important factor driving a transition from more labile to more refractory DOM in the surface water off Prydz Bay, which may have a profound impact on the marine ecosystem and carbon cycle in the polar ocean.
Mena regulates nesprin-2 to control actin–nuclear lamina associations, trans-nuclear membrane signalling and gene expression
Authors: Li Mow Chee Frederic , Beernaert Bruno , Griffith Billie G. C. , Loftus Alexander E. P. , Kumar Yatendra , Wills Jimi C. , Lee Martin , Valli Jessica , Wheeler Ann P. , Armstrong J. Douglas , Parsons Maddy , Leigh Irene M. , Proby Charlotte M. , von Kriegsheim Alex , Bickmore Wendy A. , Frame Margaret C. , Byron Adam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInteractions between cells and the extracellular matrix, mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, play key roles in fundamental cellular processes, including the sensing and transduction of mechanical cues. Here, we investigate systems-level changes in the integrin adhesome in patient-derived cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells and identify the actin regulatory protein Mena as a key node in the adhesion complex network. Mena is connected within a subnetwork of actin-binding proteins to the LINC complex component nesprin-2, with which it interacts and co-localises at the nuclear envelope. Moreover, Mena potentiates the interactions of nesprin-2 with the actin cytoskeleton and the nuclear lamina. CRISPR-mediated Mena depletion causes altered nuclear morphology, reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of the nuclear membrane protein emerin and downregulates expression of the immunomodulatory gene PTX3 via the recruitment of its enhancer to the nuclear periphery. We uncover an unexpected role for Mena at the nuclear membrane, where it controls nuclear architecture, chromatin repositioning and gene expression. Our findings identify an adhesion protein that regulates gene transcription via direct signalling across the nuclear envelope.
Two gates mediate NMDA receptor activity and are under subunit-specific regulation
Authors: Amin Johansen B. , He Miaomiao , Prasad Ramesh , Leng Xiaoling , Zhou Huan-Xiang , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKinetics of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) ion channel opening and closing contribute to their unique role in synaptic signaling. Agonist binding generates free energy to open a canonical gate at the M3 helix bundle crossing. Single channel activity is characterized by clusters, or periods of rapid opening and closing, that are separated by long silent periods. A conserved glycine in the outer most transmembrane helices, the M4 helices, regulates NMDAR function. Here we find that the GluN1 glycine mainly regulates single channel events within a cluster, whereas the GluN2 glycine mainly regulates entry and exit from clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that, whereas the GluN2 M4 (along with GluN2 pre-M1) regulates the gate at the M3 helix bundle crossing, the GluN1 glycine regulates a ‘gate’ at the M2 loop. Subsequent functional experiments support this interpretation. Thus, the distinct kinetics of NMDARs are mediated by two gates that are under subunit-specific regulation.
Obesity, antioxidants and negative symptom improvement in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone
Authors: Gao Zhiyong , Xiu Meihong , Liu Jiahong , Wu Fengchun , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNegative symptoms remain a main therapeutic challenge in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Obesity is associated with more severe negative symptoms after the first episode of psychosis. Oxidative stress caused by an impaired antioxidant defense system is involved in the pathophysiology of SZ. Yet, it is unclear regarding the role of obesity and antioxidants in negative symptom improvements in SZ. Therefore, this longitudinal study was designed to assess the impact of obesity on antioxidant defenses and negative symptom improvements in first-episode SZ patients. A total of 241 medication-naive and first-episode patients with SZ were treated with risperidone for 3 months. Outcome measures including symptoms, body weight, and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were measured at baseline and the end of the third month. We found that after 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone, the body weight increased and clinical symptoms significantly improved. Baseline body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with negative symptom improvement after treatment and an increase in TAS was negatively associated with an increase in BMI only in the high BMI group. More importantly, the TAS × BMI interaction at baseline was an independent predictor of negative symptom improvement. Our longitudinal study indicates that the improvement in negative symptoms by risperidone was associated with baseline BMI and TAS levels in patients with SZ. Baseline BMI and TAS may be a predictor for negative improvement in SZ patients after risperidone treatment.
Disruption of ecological networks in lakes by climate change and nutrient fluctuations
Authors: Merz Ewa , Saberski Erik , Gilarranz Luis J. , Isles Peter D. F. , Sugihara George , Berger Christine , Pomati Francesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change interacts with local processes to threaten biodiversity by disrupting the complex network of ecological interactions. While changes in network interactions drastically affect ecosystems, how ecological networks respond to climate change, in particular warming and nutrient supply fluctuations, is largely unknown. Here, using an equation-free modelling approach on monthly plankton community data in ten Swiss lakes, we show that the number and strength of plankton community interactions fluctuate and respond nonlinearly to water temperature and phosphorus. While lakes show system-specific responses, warming generally reduces network interactions, particularly under high phosphate levels. This network reorganization shifts trophic control of food webs, leading to consumers being controlled by resources. Small grazers and cyanobacteria emerge as sensitive indicators of changes in plankton networks. By exposing the outcomes of a complex interplay between environmental drivers, our results provide tools for studying and advancing our understanding of how climate change impacts entire ecological communities.
Genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their role in pathogenesis focusing on second wave of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Sarkar Poulomi , Banerjee Sarthak , Saha Sarbar Ali , Mitra Pralay , Sarkar Siddik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndia had witnessed unprecedented surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections and its dire consequences during the second wave of COVID-19, but the detailed report of the epidemiological based spatiotemporal incidences of the disease is missing. In the manuscript, we have applied various statistical approaches (correlation, hierarchical clustering) to decipher the pattern of pathogenesis of the circulating VoCs responsible for surge in the incidences. B.1.617.1 (Kappa) was the predominant VoC during the early phase of the second wave, whereas, Delta (B.1.617.2) or Delta-like (AY.x) VoC constitutes majority ($$>90.17$$

>
90.17

%) of the cases during the peak of the second wave. The correlation plot of Delta/Delta-like lineage demonstrates inverse correlation with other lineages including B.1.617.1, B.1.1.7, B.1, B.1.36.29 and B.1.36. The spatiotemporal analysis shows that most of the Indian states were affected during the peak of the second wave due to the Delta surge, and fall under the same cluster. The second cluster populated mostly by north-eastern states and the islands of India were minimally affected. The presence of signature mutations (T478K, D950N, E156G) along with L452K, D614G and P681R within the spike protein of Delta or Delta-like might cause elevation in the host cell attachment, increased transmission and altered antigenicity which in due course of time has replaced the other circulating variants.The timely assessment of new VoCs including Delta-like will provide a rationale for updating the diagnostic, vaccine development by medical industries and decision making by various agencies including government, educational institutions, and corporate industries.
Simulating flexibility, variability and decentralisation with an integrated energy system model for Great Britain
Authors: Chaudry Modassar , Jayasuriya Lahiru , Hall Jim W. , Jenkins Nick , Eyre Nick , Eggimann Sven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnergy system models allow the development and assessment of ambitious transition pathways towards a sustainable energy system. However, current models lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution to capture the implications of a shift to decentralised energy supply and storage across multiple local energy vectors to meet spatially variable energy demand. There is also a lack of representation of interactions with the transport sector as well as national and local energy system operation. Here, we bridge these gaps with a high-resolution system-of-systems modelling framework which is applied to Great Britain to simulate differences between the performance of decarbonised energy systems in 2050 through two distinct strategies, an electric strategy and a multi-vector strategy prioritising a mix of fuels, including hydrogen. Within these strategies, we simulated the impacts of decentralised operation of the energy system given the variability of wind and across flexibility options including demand side management, battery storage and vehicle to grid services. Decentralised operation was shown to improve operational flexibility and maximise utilisation of renewables, whose electricity supplies can be cost-effectively converted to hydrogen or stored in batteries to meet peak electricity demands, therefore reducing carbon-intensive generation and the requirement for investment in expanding the electricity transmission network capacity.
Robot-assisted investigation of sensorimotor control in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tamilselvam Yokhesh K. , Jog Mandar , Patel Rajni V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSensorimotor control (SMC) is a complex function that involves sensory, cognitive, and motor systems working together to plan, update and execute voluntary movements. Any abnormality in these systems could lead to deficits in SMC, which would negatively impact an individual's ability to execute goal-directed motions. Recent studies have shown that patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysfunctions in sensory, motor, and cognitive systems, which could give rise to SMC deficits. However, SMC deficits in PD and how they affect a patient's upper-limb movements have not been well understood. The objective of the study was to investigate SMC deficits in PD and how they affect the planning and correction of upper-limb motions. This was accomplished using a robotic manipulandum equipped with a virtual-reality system. Twenty age-matched healthy controls and fifty-six PD patients (before and after medication) completed an obstacle avoidance task under dynamic conditions (target and obstacles in moving or stationary form, with and without mechanical perturbations). Kinematic information from the robot was used to extract eighteen features that evaluated the SMC functions of the participants. The findings show that the PD patients before medication were 32% slower, reached 16% fewer targets, hit 41% more obstacles, and were 26% less efficient than the control participants, and the difference in these features was statistically significant under dynamic conditions. In addition to the motor deficits, the PD patients also showed deficits in handling high cognitive loads and interpreting sensory cues. Further, the PD patients after medication exhibited worse sensory and cognitive performance than before medication under complex testing conditions. The PD patients also showed deficits in following the computational models leading to poor motor planning.