bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal candidate gene variants, epigenetic factors, and susceptibility to idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss: A systematic review
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Kaur Rajinder , Chhabra Kiran , Khetarpal Preeti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent pregnancy loss is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies and is a distressing condition for couples.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between variants in the candidate susceptibility genes and epigenetic factors to identify risk factors for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL).Search StrategyA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. Insilico analysis was carried out using ShinyGO and STRING software.Selection CriteriaResearch papers examining the association between variations in genetic and epigenetic factors and iRPL.Data Collection and AnalysisData were independently extracted by two authors.Main ResultsIn total, 83 research papers were finally selected for the present study. Among all the genes involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss, polymorphisms in IL superfamily genes, VEGF, ESR, and MTHFR were the most investigated.ConclusionPolymorphisms in angiogenesis, immune tolerance, and thrombophilia pathway genes, which occur independently or synergistically, may lead to various complications during fetal development. Identification of multi‐allele risk variants and epigenetic factors in women will be helpful in the identification of high‐risk pregnancies.Prospero Registration NumberProspero CRD42021287315.
Establishment of national diagnostic reference levels as guidelines for computed tomography radiation in Jordan
Authors: Al Ewaidat Haytham , Balawi Sara , Bataineh Ziad , Al‐Dwairi Ahmed , Al‐Khalily Majd , Azez Khalaf Abdel , Almakhadmeh Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) scan contributes to about 10% of the total medical radiographic examinations conducted worldwide. Noticeably, various studies have raised concern regarding the high radiation dose exposure of patients during this technique of imaging. The study assesses the dose of radiation to which patients undergoing different CT examinations in Jordanian hospitals are exposed and measures the national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). This retrospective observational study of all CT examinations performed in almost 300 plus CT examination centers in Jordan. A random sample of the top 28 hospitals in Jordan was taken for the study, which was conducted between May 2019 and December 2020. We quantified the national DRL by calculating the 75th percentile and the percentage difference of volume CT dose index (CTDIv) and dose length product (DLP) for both pediatric and adult populations and different CT examinations, including brain, sinus, chest, abdomen & pelvis, knee, neck, lumbar‐spine, cervical‐spine, and shoulder. A total of 242 pediatric patients and 304 adult patients underwent various CT examinations during the study period. The national DRLs (the 75th percentiles of CTDIv and DLP) for the pediatric population were highest for the brain (81 mGy and 1425 mGy.cm, respectively) and lowest for the shoulder (7 mGy and 181 mGy.cm, respectively). Similarly, the 75th percentiles of CTDIv for the adults were highest for the brain examination (68 mGy) and lowest for the shoulder (8 mGy). The national DRLs for CT scans conducted in Jordan hospitals were found to be higher than those quantified in other countries, with larger CTDIv and DLP variations.
Can hyper/hypo‐osmoregulating fiddler crabs from the Atlantic coast of South America mobilize intracellular free amino acids as osmotic effectors during salinity challenge?
Authors: Faria Samuel Coelho , McNamara John Campbell 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWeakly osmoregulating crustaceans use intracellular free amino acids (FAA) to attenuate cell volume changes consequent to alterations in hemolymph osmolality. Whether semiterrestrial, strong hyper/hypo‐osmoregulators exhibit this ability is unknown. We investigate FAA mobilization in muscle tissue of 10 fiddler crabs from the genera Minuca, Leptuca, and Uca distributed along the Atlantic coast of South America. Crabs were subjected to severe hypo‐ or hyper‐osmotic challenge at their lower or upper critical salinity limits for 5 days; reference crabs were held in isosmotic media. Hemolymph osmolality was measured, chela muscle FAA were identified and quantified, and percent contribution to intracellular osmolality (%FAA) was calculated. At isosmoticity, total FAA were nominally twofold higher in Minuca species (≈116 mmol/kg wet mass) compared to Uca (≈60 mmol/kg wet mass). Glycine, alanine, arginine, and taurine constituted >80% of the total FAA pool. On hyperosmotic challenge, hemolymph osmolalities ranged from 843 to 1282 mOsm/kg H2O. FAA increased, although %FAA remained unaltered. Hypo‐osmoregulating crabs thus can mobilize FAA, likely owing to a lesser ability to secrete salt near their upper critical limits. On hypo‐osmotic challenge, osmolalities were regulated more tightly, between 475 and 736 mOsm/kg H2O. Total FAA and %FAA showed little change, probably due to the crabs' strong hyper‐osmotic extracellular regulatory ability, FAA consequently playing a diminished role in isosmotic intracellular regulation (IIR). Total FAA responses to hyper/hypo‐osmotic challenge are thus asymmetrical. The lack of phylogenetic signal in FAA mobilization suggests that closely related fiddler crabs do not share similar strategies of IIR.
Paleoenvironmental changes in the Brazilian Pampa based on carbon and oxygen stable isotope analysis of Pleistocene camelid tooth enamel
Authors: Lopes Renato Pereira , Scherer Carolina Saldanha , Pereira Jamil Corrêa , Dillenburg Sérgio Rebello 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTHere we present paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions of the Brazilian Pampa based on stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O) in tooth enamel of the Pleistocene camelidsLama guanicoeandHemiauchenia paradoxafrom the Chuy Creek fossil assemblage, including oneH. paradoxafrom a stratigraphic level within a loess unit deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (26.5–19 ka b2k). The δ13C results show that both species fed mostly on C3 plants, although the mixed diets ofL. guanicoeincluded ~30% C4 or CAM plants.H.paradoxahad C3 diets with <10% C4 or CAM plants. Both species exhibit higher δ18O and aridity indexes compared to other mammals from the assemblage, consistent with ingestion of18O‐enriched water from plants growing in arid/semi‐arid conditions. A comparison with δ13C of camelids from Argentina indicates the camelids from Chuy Creek fed on vegetation similar to that of Dry Pampa, Monte and Patagonic xerophytic steppes. Aridification and expansion of dry steppes in southern Brazil suggest a climate‐driven northeastwards shift of the Arid Diagonal of South America that may have contributed to local extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These Lateglacial environmental changes are reflected in the characteristics of the plant and mammalian assemblages of the modern Brazilian Pampa.
Skin surface lipids photo‐oxidation: A vibrational spectroscopy study
Authors: Assi Ali , Michael‐Jubeli Rime , Jacques‐Jamin Carine , Duplan Hélène , Baillet‐Guffroy Arlette , Tfayli Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSkin surface lipid (SSL) film is a mixture of sebum and epidermal lipids protecting the skin from the effects of the environment such as solar radiation. SSLs are a suitable target and scavenger for all reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the skin. In the SSLs, vitamin E has been identified as one of the main antioxidants that can capture ROS. This paper is the third part of a global study that evaluates the effect of solar radiation on the lipid classes that constitute SSLs. In the first two parts, the effect of solar radiation on fatty acids and triglycerides was studied using vibrational spectroscopy. In this part, the effect on the other lipid classes such as squalene (SQ), cholesterol (Chol), and wax ester (WE) (Palmitoleyl Palmitate) was studied and then the behavior of vitamin E under solar radiation was monitored. Finally, SSLs were irradiated and analyzed using vibrational spectroscopy and HT‐GC/MS to respectively follow the oxidation process and to identify the first target of solar radiation in SSLs. When irradiated alone, SQ oxidation process was detectable only after 2430 J/cm2 dose. Similar observations were obtained for vitamin E (after 1620 J/cm2). No changes were observed on the cholesterol and on the wax ester (Palmitoleyl Palmitate). In contrast, when extracted human SSLs film was irradiated, the more marked modifications were observed on SQ. This confirmed the antioxidant role of SQ by scavenging free radicals generated from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Nasal alar reconstruction using the free auricular helix flap based on the flow‐through concept: Report of two cases
Authors: Takeishi Hakuba , Miyamoto Shimpei , Tomioka Yoko , Kanayama Koji , Okazaki Mutsumi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNasal alar reconstruction with the free auricular helix flap is challenging because the flap is prone to congestion. We report two cases of successful nasal alar reconstruction using free auricular helix flaps utilizing the flow‐through concept. Case 1 was a 37‐year‐old man presented with a basal cell carcinoma in the nasal cavity. After radical excision, we transferred a 20 × 20 mm2 free flow‐through auricular helix flap by interposing the T‐portion of the superficial temporal artery of the flap to the transected facial artery. Case 2 was a 39‐year‐old man presented with neurofibromatosis type I and a nasal alar deformity after multiple excision of the neurofibroma. We corrected the deformity with a 26 × 22 mm2 free auricular helix flap. We used a flow‐through arterial graft of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery to bridge the gap between the flap artery and the recipient facial artery of the submandibular region because an appropriate recipient artery was not available around the defect. Both of the flaps survived without vascular compromise and no donor‐site complication occurred. The esthetic results of the nasal ala were satisfactory. The flow‐through arterial anastomosis diverted the arterial flow to the peripheral side of the recipient artery and relieved flap congestion. These physiological properties of flow‐through anastomosis may stabilize the flap circulation and improve the success rate of free auricular helix flap transfer.
Defects‐related early childhood caries as hints of possible maternal–fetal health issues: Evidence from medieval northern Italy
Authors: Tesi Chiara , Ricci Stefano , Levrini Luca , Giorgetti Giovanna , Campagnolo Monica , Ciliberti Rosagemma , Fusco Roberta , Larentis Omar , Licata Marta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDevelopmental defects of enamel (DDE) are important markers of stress as they arise from the disruption of ameloblastic activity during enamel matrix secretion and mineralization. Defects on the crowns of the deciduous dentition provide insights into maternal–fetal health because they can emerge during intrauterine development as a result of gestational issues. The presence of previous defective enamel represents one of the most predisposing causes of caries development. Thus, circular caries on the deciduous dentition are considered an indicator of stress because of their ascertained relation with dental enamel defects. In bioarchaeological analysis, these lesions allow us to deepen the question of maternal–fetal health issues in the ancient period. Here, we present evidence of defects‐related early childhood caries in three infants from a medieval cemetery in northern Italy. The findings in the dentitions of the three subjects were investigated with a multi‐analytical approach, including macroscopic examination, microscopic observation, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histological sections. In the specimens analyzed, the lesions observed in the dentitions appeared to have arisen during the fetal period and then protracted in the postnatal life, suggesting the implication of in utero environment and maternal health in the etiology of defects.
Updated Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines on Opioid Prescribing: What Should Surgeons Know?
Authors: Cramer John D. , Anne Samantha , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently published a 2022 guideline on opioid prescribing for acute, subacute, and chronic pain. This information is relevant to surgeons because many patients receive their first opioid prescription after surgery. When prescribing opioids, surgeons walk the line between benefit and harm. Many of the CDC recommendations mirror the AAO‐HNS Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations. For example, opioids are not recommended as first‐line therapy for acute pain from otolaryngology—head, and neck surgery procedures. New insights include safeguards and strategies to mitigate the risk of complications in patients with chronic pain undergoing surgical procedures. Consultation with a pain specialist should be considered for patients transitioning from acute to chronic pain, cognizant of the risks of abrupt discontinuation of opioids in patients with opioid use disorder. This article summarizes key considerations for providing individualized, evidence‐based perioperative pain management.
Living with rodent pests: Unifying stakeholder interests to prioritise pest management in rural Madagascar
Authors: Scobie Kathryn , Lambin Xavier , Telfer Sandra , Rasahivelo Mendrika Fenohasina , Raheliarison Rova Nandrianina , Rajerison Minoarisoa , Young Juliette 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Rodent pests can have major social, economic, and environmental impacts. Their management, therefore, represents a complex socio‐ecological problem involving a network of stakeholders from across different sectors, with diverging and sometimes competing interests. Failure to incorporate stakeholder interests can result in ineffective or unsustainable management programmes, with unintended negative consequences for people and nature.

Participatory approaches to decision‐making have been proposed as suitable strategies to tackle complex problems, yet, these processes are often considered too difficult, costly, or time‐consuming to implement.

To facilitate a participatory approach to rodent control in Madagascar, we identified and mapped key stakeholders and developed a multisector framework for guiding rodent management programmes based on current literature and expert recommendations. We then carried out interviews and focus groups with stakeholders and end‐users to validate the final framework.

The final framework unifies stakeholder interests around the dimensions of People, Resources, Knowledge and Power. Combined application of the stakeholder map and framework provides decision‐makers with the tools to identify stakeholder interests; to explore areas of conflict, as well as areas of agreement; and to ensure that these are addressed within the design of control programmes. As an assessment tool, the framework can also be used to evaluate the responsiveness of programmes to the needs of different stakeholders and assess whether objectives are being reached.

We recommend the application of the stakeholder map and framework to encourage and strengthen participatory approaches aimed at rodent pest control. Due to the inclusive and interdisciplinary nature of the framework, it can be applied to address numerous complex social, environmental, and economic issues across scales, sectors, and systems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Mechanistically modeling peripheral cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors
Authors: Weddell Jared 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBispecific antibodies exhibit proven clinical benefit, and many bispecifics are currently in clinical development for oncology. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common clinical adverse effect observed following CD3‐based bispecific dosing. However, the pathophysiology of CRS is not fully understood, and no computational model mechanistically describing clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors exists. Here, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model describing peripheral clinical cytokine dynamics following bispecific dosing in solid tumors is presented. Using tebentafusp as a case study, a CD3‐bispecific approved for uveal melanoma, the model successfully captures the dynamics of five cytokines. The QSP model was shown to predict observed phenomena, such as cytokine maximum concentration suppression using step‐up dosing regimens and the importance of on‐target off‐tumor binding toward CRS and toxicity. Furthermore, the QSP model provides rationale for these biological phenomena based on dynamics of immune cell activation and desensitization in tumors and healthy tissues. Overall, the QSP model structure presented here serves as a basis to infer cytokine dynamics for other CD3‐based bispecifics or tumor types by altering model parameters to capture the scenario of interest, supporting applications including dose selection, candidate nomination, and disease area selection.
Seizing the moment—Strategy, social entrepreneurship, and the pursuit of impact
Authors: Williams Trenton Alma , Nason Robert , Wolfe Marcus T. , Short Jeremy C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch SummarySocial entrepreneurship continues to grow as an impactful phenomenon in the world and as a rich stream of research. Given this exciting growth, there is value in proactively exploring how social entrepreneurship scholarship can thrive and “seize the moment” as it matures. This special issue solicited papers at the intersection of strategy and social entrepreneurship in hopes of providing a road map for future scholarship. This editorial introduces and integrates the special issue paper contributions across three emergent themes: (1) diverse actor characteristics, (2) competing environmental factors, and (3) heterogeneous outcomes. We organize a research agenda that extends from the special issue, which we hope will motivate a new wave of research that derives benefits from the integration of strategy and social entrepreneurship scholarship.Managerial SummarySocial entrepreneurship is increasingly common as business leaders seek to integrate social and/or environmental objectives into its economic activities. With this growth comes the need to examine how social entrepreneurs strategically manage the intertwining of social and economic activities. The papers in this special issue make progress in this regard, examining how differences in actors involved in social entrepreneurship and the environments in which they operate shape social/economic outcomes. The papers in this special issue make important progress in bringing strategy concepts to bear, and lay the groundwork for future research that helps better explain how, why, and to what degree social entrepreneurs have a positive impact. This special issue thus offers insights for researchers, policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs about how to sustain impactful social/environmental activities over time.
Versatile Electronic Textile Enabled by a Mixed‐Dimensional Assembly Strategy
Authors: Zheng Xianhong , Cao Wentao , Hong Xinghua , Zou Lihua , Liu Zhi , Wang Peng , Li Changlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectronic textiles (e‐textiles) hold great promise for serving as next‐generation wearable electronics owing to their inherent flexible, air‐permeable, and lightweight characteristics. However, these e‐textiles are of limited performance mainly because of lacking powerful materials combination. Herein, a versatile e‐textile through a simple, high‐efficiency mixed‐dimensional assembly of 2D MXene nanosheets and 1D silver nanowires (AgNWs) are presented. The effective complementary actions of MXene and AgNWs endow the e‐textiles with superior integrated performances including self‐powered pressure sensing, ultrafast joule heating, and highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The textile‐based self‐powered smart sensor systems obtained through the screen‐printed assembly of MXene‐based supercapacitor and pressure sensor are flexible and lightweight, showing ultrahigh specific capacitance (2390 mF cm−2), robust areal energy density (119.5 µWh cm−2), excellent sensitivity (474.8 kPa−1), and low detection limit (1 Pa). Furthermore, the interconnected conductive MXene/AgNWs network enables the e‐textile with ultrafast temperature response (10.4 °C s−1) and outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness of ≈66.4 dB. Therefore, the proposed mixed‐dimensional assembly design creates a multifunctional e‐textile that offers a practical paradigm for next‐generation smart flexible electronics.
Noncrystalline Carbon Anodes for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Han Xu , Zhou Shuhao , Liu Huan , Leng Huitao , Li Sheng , Qiu Jingxia , Huo Fengwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping an anode with excellent rate performance, long‐cycle stability, high coulombic efficiency, and high specific capacity is one of the key research directions of sodium‐ion batteries. Among all the anode materials, noncrystalline carbon (NCC) has great possibilities according to its supreme performance and low cost, but with the complexity and variability of the structure. With the in‐depth study of the sodium storage behaviors of NCC in recent years, three modes of interlayer intercalation, clustering into micropores, and adsorption are reported and summarized. Although the storage mechanism has gradually become more evident, the complex behavior of the ions at different voltage regions, especially in the low‐voltage (plateau) region, still remains controversial. It is essential to understand further the relationship between ions and NCC structure during energy storage processes. Based on the summary of previous works, this article has reviewed the storage mechanism of sodium ions in NCC and evaluated the structure–behavior relationship between sodium‐ion storage and the carbon structure.
Mine blast‐induced ground motion response reduction using semi‐active devices
Authors: Ghaffari Amir Hossein , Ghaffarzadeh Hosein 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe aim of this paper is reducing the responses of structures under the mine blast‐induced ground motion by using semi‐active tools. In other words, the objective of this study is to provide a method to reduce the destructive effects of underground mine‐blast excitation. Investigating the behavior of structures under the mine blast excitation is essential because some buildings are subjected to the blast load of mines due to the rapid urbanization in different regions. Also, the importance of studying this excitation, based on the distinctive nature of mine blast‐induced underground motion, becomes more apparent. For proper investigation and comparison of responses, a seismic excitation is considered. To reduce the responses of two proposed shear structures, magnetorheological (MR) and orifice dampers are utilized. The optimum location for these dampers is investigated. To generate the optimal force each time step the clipped‐optimal algorithm is used based on the input force. The control force can be changed by adjusting the input voltage and magnetic field of dampers. In this research, structural responses based on optimal and maximum voltage are scrutinized. The results indicated that the proposed method is appropriate for reducing the responses of structures under the mine blast‐induced ground motion and seismic excitation.