bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Frequency Real Aperture Radar Monitoring of a Railway Bridge
Authors: Luzi Guido , Palamà Riccardo , Barros‐González Brais , Riveiro‐Rodríguez Belén 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDifferent studies demonstrated that the monitoring of the vibrational characteristics of bridges can be fostered using real aperture radar interferometers. Commercial systems operating at Ku band have been made available to the users since the last two decades. Analyzing the phase of the radar signal, which is related to the displacement of the phase center of each radar range cell, the radar bin, a description of the vibrating mode of civil structures as bridges, towers, and tall buildings can be achieved. Displacement time series of different parts of the monitored structure can be processed to retrieve the frequency and amplitude of the vibrational modes to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the structure. Systems operating at higher frequencies and using advanced radar techniques have been recently proposed. Here we report the use of two different radar systems, working at Ku and K band respectively, to compare their performance, when used to monitor a railway bridge located in Spain. The radar acquisitions were realized by positioning the radar systems at different locations, to detect multiple vibrational modes. The results show a quite good agreement with accelerometer acquisitions, demonstrating the suitability of radar interferometers to measure bridge vibrations.
Measurement of corrosion rates on reinforcement using the field test
Authors: Koteš Peter , Zahuranec Michal , Prokop Jozef , Strauss Alfred , Matos Jose 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReinforcement corrosion is a phenomenon that affects not only the durability and serviceability of the structure itself but the economy of the countries, as well. In many cases, structures and bridges must be repaired or reconstructed as a result of corrosion of the reinforcement. In extreme cases, when maintenance is neglected, it is necessary to completely replace the structures with new ones, even if their planned service lifetime has not been reached ‐ it is not enough to strengthen them or it is economically inefficient. Corrosion of the reinforcement primarily causes a reduction in the cross‐sectional resistance of the load‐bearing elements by reducing the cross‐sectional area of the reinforcement, which means a reduction in the force in the reinforcement that it transmits. For this reason, it is necessary to know the rate of corrosion over time depending on the environment in which the element is located. The paper is focused on the experimental measurements of corrosion losses due to atmospheric corrosion on reinforcement samples using the field test. As a part of experimental measurements, corrosion rates on reinforcements of four diameters (diameters 6, 10, 14, and 25 mm) of steel for reinforcement, grade B 500B, are monitored at measuring stations and bridges in various aggressive environments.
Concept for a digital twin of railway bridges on the example of the new Filstal bridges
Authors: Naraniecki Hubert , Lazoglu Alex , Marx Steffen , Zaidman Igor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe preservation of infrastructure is becoming increasingly important. The current reactive maintenance management only initiates maintenance measures after damage has occurred. Short‐term measures can lead to unforeseen restrictions in infrastructure availability and thus cause high social and economic damage.High‐quality measurement technology, automated data analysis, structured data management and collaborative work are just a few technological developments that form the cornerstones for a future predictive maintenance strategy. The digital twin, a digital representation of the real object, combines these developments and is a promising method for a sustainable preservation of infrastructure.Using the example of the Filstal bridges, a concept for a digital bridge twin is introduced. The digital twin combines measurement data, bridge information, inspection results as well as structural safety verifications and aggregates them to continuously display the current bridge condition and thus supports the maintenance of bridges. For intuitive use, all information is located and presented in a way that is consumable by the user.
The application of modern methods for bridge diagnostics and load testing
Authors: Stančík Vojtěch , Ryjáček Pavel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper deals with the modern methods of testing and diagnostics of existing, mainly steel, bridges. The focus is on the DIC method (digital image correlation) and its application for the static measurements and dynamic measurements of the bridge deflection at high speeds and on the detection of the behavior of bridge details, such as pins and fatigue cracks. The sources of potential related error values are identified and possible strategies for the minimization of errors corresponding to the DIC field measurements are developed and described in the paper. The proposed DIC methods were successfully applied on the deflection measurement on long distances and on the measurement of the strain on details in‐situ. Relevant applications were done in the Czech Republic as a part of the bridge load testing and the results are discussed in the paper.
Remote monitoring of a concrete bridge using PSInSAR
Authors: Lasri Othmane , Giordano Pier Francesco , Limongelli Maria Pina , Previtali Mattia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) can support decision makers in structural integrity management by providing information about occurrence of damage and its evolution in time. Recently, due to new Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions, remote sensing through active satellites provides a promising methodology capable of monitoring infrastructure assets. This paper investigates the use of Multi‐Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (MT‐InSAR) processing to monitor the structural health of bridges. The full interferometry processing chain is applied using Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar data and a combination of open‐source routines from the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS). Displacement time‐histories are derived from single look complex products by employing the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSInSAR) technique. The PS‐InSAR technique is applied to study the behavior of a concrete bridge located over the Oglio river in Isola Dovarese, Italy, on which also GNSS receivers are installed. The GNSS data are then used to validate the PS‐InSAR measurements. The effects on PS‐InSAR results of the number of SAR images used as well of the target structure are investigated.
Synthesis and Bioluminescence of ‘V’‐Shaped Firefly Luciferin Analogues Based on A Novel Benzobisthiazole Core
Authors: Chang Chia‐Hao , Fontaine Danielle M. , Gómez Sandra , Branchini Bruce R. , Anderson James C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe design of π‐extended conjugation ‘V‘‐shaped red shifted bioluminescent D‐luciferin analogues based on a novel benzobisthiazole core is described. The divergent synthetic route allowed access to a range of amine donor substituents through an SNAr reaction. In spectroscopic studies, the ‘V’‐shaped luciferins exhibited narrower optical band gaps, more red‐shifted absorption and emission spectra than D‐luciferin. Their bioluminescence characteristics were recorded against four different luciferases (PpyLuc, FlucRed, CBR2 and PLR3). With native luciferase PpyLuc, the ‘V’‐shaped luciferins demonstrated more red‐shifted emissions than D‐luciferin (λbl=561 nm) by 60 to 80 nm. In addition, the benzobisthiazole luciferins showed a wide range of bioluminescence spectra from the visible light region (λbl=500 nm) to the nIR window (>650 nm). The computational results validate the design concept which can be used as a guide for further novel D‐luciferin analogues based upon other ‘V’‐shaped heterocyclic cores.
A Bioequivalence Trial of Dienogest in Healthy Chinese Participants Under Fed Conditions
Authors: Zhao Chunyan , Wang Yuxia , Shao Yanhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis trial was a randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐treatment, 2‐period, crossover study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile, bioequivalence, and safety of test formulation and reference formulation of 2‐mg dienogest tablets in healthy Chinese participants. Eligible participants were randomly administered a single 2‐mg dose of either the test formulation or the reference formulation orally under fed conditions, followed by a 1‐week washout period and the administration of the other formulation. Samples of blood were collected until 48 hours following administration. The main PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis techniques. The main PK parameters included maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration, and AUC from time zero to infinity. The bioequivalence of test and reference dienogest tablets was determined if the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the test to reference formulations were within the predefined range of 80%‐125%. The safety assessment included incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events and others. Twenty‐four healthy Chinese participants were enrolled in this trial. The geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration, AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration, and AUC from time zero to infinity between the 2 formulations, and corresponding 90% confidence intervals, all fell within the range of 80%‐125% under fed conditions. The test and reference dienogest tablets were well tolerated, and no severe adverse events were reported in the trial. It was shown that the test and the reference dienogest tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated under fed conditions in healthy Chinese female participants.
Preparation of a 4′‐Thiouridine Building‐Block for Solid‐Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Authors: Benckendorff Caecilie M. M. , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Miller Gavin J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStarting from a commercially available thioether, we report a nine‐step synthesis of a 4′‐thiouridine phosphoramidite building‐block. We install the uracil nucleobase using Pummerer‐type glycosylation of a sulfoxide intermediate followed by a series of protecting group manipulations to deliver the desired phosphite. Notably, we introduce a 3′,5′‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene protecting group within a 4′‐thiosugar framework, harnessing this to ensure regiospecific installation of the 2′‐O‐silyl protecting group. We envisage this methodology will be generally applicable to other 4′‐thionucleosides and duly support the exploration of their inclusion within related nucleic acid syntheses. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: (2R,3S,4R)‐2,3‐O‐Isopopropylidene‐5‐O‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl‐1‐(4‐sulfinyl)cyclopentane: SulfoxidationBasic Protocol 2: 2′,3′‐O‐Isopropylidene‐5′‐O‐tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl‐4′‐thiouridine: Pummerer glycosylationBasic Protocol 3: 4′‐Thiouridine: DeprotectionBasic Protocol 4: 2′‐O‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐3′,5′‐di‐tert‐butylsiloxy‐4′‐thiouridine: 2′,3′,5′‐O‐silylationBasic Protocol 5: 2′‐O‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐4′‐thiouridine: Selective 3′‐5′‐desilylationBasic Protocol 6: 2′‐O‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐5′‐O‐dimethoxytrityl‐4′‐thiouridine: 5′‐O‐dimethoxytritylationBasic Protocol 7: 2′‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐3′‐O‐[(2‐cyanoethoxy)(N,N‐diisopropylamino)phosphino]‐5′‐O‐dimethoxytrityl‐4′‐thiouridine: 3′‐O‐phosphitylation
Coupled inductor‐based triple output bi‐polar converter with duty cycle estimation
Authors: Karuppusamy Suganthi , Somalinga Sethuraman S , Kumaraswami Sundararaman 
Published: September 2023

SummaryMulti‐output converters have been accepted in many portable and display applications due to their ability to optimize hardware both in terms of number of switches as well as on the inductances. Many of these applications require the input voltage to be both stepped up and stepped down, and some applications also require negative outputs. This paper proposes a non‐isolated converter topology which can generate positive buck and boost outputs and also a negative output using a coupled inductor. The converter can operate in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (DCMs). A detailed analysis of the converter is done in both modes, and it is shown that the outputs can be controlled by direct real‐time analytical estimation of the duty cycle in DCM. Coupled inductor enables the possibility that more than one output can be simultaneously supplied, reducing the cycle time and increasing throughput. Independent control of all three outputs confirms that cross‐regulation is avoided due to real‐time continuous estimation of the duty cycles. The proposed converter is verified by building a hardware model for multi‐output voltages of 5, 24, and −5 V with an input voltage of 12 V using a Spartan‐6 FPGA controller. Experimental results validate that 94% converter efficiency and regulated output voltages under full load conditions. Steady state and dynamic performance of the converter illustrate the effect of suggested control technique to alleviate cross‐regulation in multi‐output converters.
On the fractional domain analysis of negative group delay circuits
Authors: Banchuin Rawid 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn this work, the analysis of negative group delay circuits in fractional domain has been conducted. The low pass and the high pass negative group delay circuits constructed based on passive network have been chosen as our candidate circuits. For performing the analysis in fractional domain, the novel Caputo–Fabrizio derivative‐based fractional impedance have been introduced to both circuits. The crucial parameters, the necessary conditions, and the existence conditions of both candidate negative group delay circuits have been formulated. The simulations have been conducted based on the formulated results where the comparisons with the conventional prototypes have been made. The verifications by the proof‐of‐concept circuits have also been performed. In addition, the effects of variation in the order of fractional impedances have been investigated. In summary, it has been found that considering these negative group delay circuits in the fractional domain, which effectively taking unavoidable nonidealities that cannot be modeled in conventional domain into account, significantly alters their characteristics especially the low pass circuit. However they can retain their low pass and high pass negative group delay functions.
Fine‐scale genetic structure in rhizosphere microbial communities associated with Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae)
Authors: Nobarinezhad Mahboubeh Hosseinalizadeh , Wallace Lisa E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil microbiota of the rhizosphere are an important extension of the plant phenotype because they impact the health and fitness of host plants. The composition of these communities is expected to differ among host plants due to influence by host genotype. Given that many plant populations exhibit fine‐scale genetic structure (SGS), associated microbial communities may also exhibit SGS. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using Chamaecrista fasciculata, a legume species that has previously been determined to have significant SGS. We collected genetic data from prokaryotic and fungal rhizosphere communities in association with 70 plants in an area of ~400 square meters to investigate the presence of SGS in microbial communities. Bacteria of Acidobacteria, Protobacteria, and Bacteroidetes and fungi of Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were dominant members of the rhizosphere. Although microbial alpha diversity did not differ significantly among plants hosts, we detected significant compositional differences among the microbial communities as well as isolation by distance. The strongest factor associated with microbial distance was genetic distance of the other microbial community, followed by geographic distance, but there was not a significant association with plant genetic distance for either microbial community. This study further demonstrates the strong potential for spatial structuring of soil microbial communities at the smallest spatial scales and provides further insight into the complexity of factors that influence microbial composition in soils and in association with host plants.
Research on improving the durability performance of damaged concrete with mineral admixtures
Authors: Jing Jing , Liu Shuai , Guo Chunhui , Guo Baolin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConcrete can be damaged under long‐term chloride ion action. This article uses mineral admixtures to repair the damaged concrete, and then conducts durability performance tests. Multi‐dimensional chloride ion diffusion tests were conducted under different salt solution immersion environments. The resistance of concrete to chloride ion corrosion was evaluated through RCM chloride ion penetration test, and the internal chloride ion concentration of concrete with different diffusion dimensions was detected through chemical titration analysis. Taking the SW test group as an example, after soaking for 3 months, the three‐dimensional diffusion chloride ion concentration of the SW test group is 2.55 times that of the one‐dimensional diffusion. Under the same three‐dimensional diffusion conditions, at a depth of 10 mm of concrete erosion, the chloride ion concentration of the SW test group after soaking for 3 months is 1.76 times that of the chloride ion concentration after soaking for 1 month. Experiments have shown that multi‐dimensional diffusion can significantly increase the concentration of chloride ions inside concrete, and this effect becomes more pronounced with the increase of erosion time and dimension.
The effect of different prebiotics on intestinal probiotics in newly diagnosed diabetic patients
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Lidan , Wu Yitian , He He , Zeng Yuping , An Zhenmei , Jia Weiguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrebiotics exert favorable effects on the host through interactions with probiotics, and their beneficial impacts have been extensively validated across various chronic ailments, including diabetes. This study presents findings from a case–control investigation involving 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 10 healthy counterparts. Fresh stool specimens were collected from all participants. Following a 24‐h fermentation period in mediums containing xylitol and mannitol, the observed increase in Lactobacillus abundance within the case group exceeded that of the control group. Similarly, in mediums containing soluble starch, choline, and L‐carnitine, the augmentation of Bifidobacterium within the case group surpassed that of the controls. Notably, a statistically significant divergence in sugar degradation rate emerged between the case and control groups, specifically in the medium harboring lactulose and isomalto‐oligosaccharides. Remarkably, the degradation rate of lactulose exhibited a positive correlation with the expansion of Bifidobacterium (R2 = .147, p = .037). Likewise, the degradation rate of isomalto‐oligosaccharides demonstrated a positive correlation with Bifidobacterium proliferation (R2 = .165, p = .041). In conclusion, prebiotics like xylitol and mannitol exhibit the capacity to enhance intestinal probiotic populations in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes. The modifications in the intestinal flora homeostasis of diabetic patients may be evidenced by alterations in the degradation rate of specific prebiotic substrates.
Microglia induce auditory dysfunction after status epilepticus in mice
Authors: Araki Tasuku , Hiragi Toshimitsu , Kuga Nahoko , Luo Cong , Andoh Megumi , Sugao Kohtaroh , Nagata Hidetaka , Sasaki Takuya , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAuditory dysfunction and increased neuronal activity in the auditory pathways have been reported in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, but the cellular mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, we report that microglia play a role in the disinhibition of auditory pathways after status epilepticus in mice. We found that neuronal activity in the auditory pathways, including the primary auditory cortex and the medial geniculate body (MGB), was increased and auditory discrimination was impaired after status epilepticus. We further demonstrated that microglia reduced inhibitory synapses on MGB relay neurons over an 8‐week period after status epilepticus, resulting in auditory pathway hyperactivity. In addition, we found that local removal of microglia from the MGB attenuated the increase in c‐Fos+ relay neurons and improved auditory discrimination. These findings reveal that thalamic microglia are involved in auditory dysfunction in epilepsy.
Utility and safety of a novel method using a Wingman catheter for patients with lower extremity arterial disease complicated with severely calcified lesions: Wingman's bevel tip inner catheter removal technique—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Hirano Keisuke , Takemura Akinobu , Oba Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIn cases of lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) accompanied by heavily calcified lesions, endovascular treatment becomes necessary at times. To effectively address these challenging calcified lesions, we developed an innovative approach named WINNER (Wingman's bevel tip inner catheter removal) technique. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of a novel method using the WINNER technique.MethodsThis was a two‐center, prospective observational study. We analyzed the clinical data of patients with LEAD complicated with severely calcified lesions who underwent the WINNER technique between January 2021 and December 2022. We investigated the patients' characteristics, target lesions, and intervention results in terms of crossing device rates and periprocedural complications.ResultsA total of 35 patients were treated using the WINNER technique for LEAD complicated by severely calcified lesions. Key patient characteristics were a mean age of 75 ± 9 years, 83% male, 71% hemodialysis, 60% chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, and mean lesion length of 147 ± 88 mm. Using the WINNER technique, a device crossing was achieved in 34 patients (97.1%). Wire perforation occurred in one patient, and WINNER catheter rupture occurred in three patients.ConclusionsThe WINNER technique is useful for treating severely calcified lesions, and we should consider using this technique to cross devices for lesions with severe calcifications.