bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersive currents explain patterns of population connectivity in an ecologically and economically important fish
Authors: Schraidt Claire E. , Ackiss Amanda S. , Larson Wesley A. , Rowe Mark D. , Höök Tomas O. , Christie Mark R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow to identify the drivers of population connectivity remains a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. Answering this question can be challenging in aquatic environments where dynamic lake and ocean currents coupled with high levels of dispersal and gene flow can decrease the utility of modern population genetic tools. To address this challenge, we used RAD‐Seq to genotype 959 yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a species with an ~40‐day pelagic larval duration (PLD), collected from 20 sites circumscribing Lake Michigan. We also developed a novel, integrative approach that couples detailed biophysical models with eco‐genetic agent‐based models to generate “predictive” values of genetic differentiation. By comparing predictive and empirical values of genetic differentiation, we estimated the relative contributions for known drivers of population connectivity (e.g., currents, behavior, PLD). For the main basin populations (i.e., the largest contiguous portion of the lake), we found that high gene flow led to low overall levels of genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.003). By far the best predictors of genetic differentiation were connectivity matrices that were derived from periods of time when there were strong and highly dispersive currents. Thus, these highly dispersive currents are driving the patterns of population connectivity in the main basin. We also found that populations from the northern and southern main basin are slightly divergent from one another, while those from Green Bay and the main basin are highly divergent (FST = 0.11). By integrating biophysical and eco‐genetic models with genome‐wide data, we illustrate that the drivers of population connectivity can be identified in high gene flow systems.
A deep learning approach for the depression detection of social media data with hybrid feature selection and attention mechanism
Authors: Bhuvaneswari M. , Prabha V. Lakshmi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDepression is a severe mental health issue. The user‐generated content on social media (SM) is growing nowadays. Some computational approaches have been proposed for detecting depression based on users' SM data. However, because of the use of formal language, short range of words and misspellings in the SM data, depression detection (DD) is a challenging task. This paper proposes a novel deep learning (DL) technique for performing DD of the SM data with the help of the hybrid feature selection (FS) mechanism. Initially, two publicly available datasets containing user tweets are collected for implementing the proposed research model. Then the collected datasets are preprocessed for further processing. The preprocessing phase includes critical processes that contribute to creating a ready‐to‐use dataset for training and testing. After preprocessing, the preprocessed data is divided into prime and non‐prime words based on the dictionary approach. After that, the hybrid FS approach is implemented to select the most relevant features from the prime and non‐prime words for higher classification accuracy (AC). In the hybrid model, firstly Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency integrated Modified Information Gain (TFIDF‐MIG) approach is proposed that assigns the score value of each prime and non‐prime word in the dataset. Secondly, optimal features are selected from the weighted features using the Improved Elephant Herding Algorithm (IEHA). Finally, the decided features from the hybrid model are fed into the DL model, namely attention included improved ReLU‐based Convolution Neural Network with Long Short‐Term Memory (AIRCNN‐LSTM) for DD. Experiments are performed on the collected datasets to assess the proposed model's performance efficiency. The results of the extensive experiments show that the presented work outperforms existing techniques regarding DD classification AC by locating the best solutions. At the same time, it reduces the number of features chosen.
Creep behavior and life prediction of a reactor pressure vessel steel above phase‐transformation temperature via a deformation mechanism‐based creep model
Authors: Lu Chuanyang , Wang Peng , Zheng Silu , Wu Xijia , Liu Rong , He Yanming , Yang Jianguo , Gao Zengliang , Tu Shan‐Tung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor nuclear power generation as a carbon‐neutral energy source, in‐vessel retention (IVR) must be implemented to maintain the structural integrity of nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) for more than 72 h under severe accidental conditions. This technology requires accurate prediction of creep deformation and life of RPV material being operated under pressure and extremely high‐temperature gradient. The current work develops a simplified deformation‐mechanism‐based true‐stress (DMTS) model for creep behavior/life‐prediction of SA508 Gr.3 steel, a typical RPV material, above the phase transformation temperatures (800–1000°C). This model is used to evaluate the time to specific creep strain (t3% and t5%) and rupture (tr), in comparison with popular empirical methods such as Orr–Sherby–Dorn (OSD) and Larson–Miller (LM). The simplified DMTS model achieves an excellent agreement with the experimental observations. The controlling deformation mechanisms are also discussed by metallurgical examinations, which provide the physical premise for the model development and application.
Salinity‐induced limits to mangrove canopy height
Authors: Perri Saverio , Detto Matteo , Porporato Amilcare , Molini Annalisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimMangrove canopy height is a key metric to assess tidal forests' resilience in the face of climate change. In terrestrial forests, tree height is primarily determined by water availability, plant hydraulic design, and disturbance regime. However, the role of water stress remains elusive in tidal environments, where saturated soils are prevalent, and salinity can substantially affect the soil water potential.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodThe canopy height dataset provides a global snapshot of the maximum mangrove height geographical distribution for the year 2000. Climate and environmental variables extend over the period 1970–2018.Major Taxa StudiedMangroves.MethodsWe use global observations of maximum canopy height, species richness, air temperature, and seawater salinity—a proxy of soil water salt concentration—to explore the causal link between salinity and mangrove stature.ResultsOur findings suggest that salt stress limits mangrove height. High salinity favours more salt‐tolerant species, narrowing the spectrum of viable traits. Highly salt‐tolerant mangroves have evolved to cope with high salt concentrations in the soil, but this adaptation comes at a cost. They typically have lower rates of photosynthesis and growth, resulting in reduced productivity and smaller stature compared to more salt‐sensitive mangrove species. This suggests a causal link between salinity, biodiversity, and tree height, where high salinity selects for more salt‐tolerant species that tend to be less productive and shorter.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that the salinity‐induced limit to mangrove canopy height is the direct result of a reduction of primary productivity, an increment in the risk of xylem cavitation, and an indirect consequence of the decrease in biodiversity. As sea‐level rise enhances coastal salinisation, failure to account for these effects can lead to incorrect estimates of future carbon stocks in Tropical coastal ecosystems and endanger preservation efforts.
Development of angiogenic periglomerular microvessels after acute glomerular lesions in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Kamano Chisako , Mii Akiko , Osono Eiichi , Kunugi Shinobu , Igarashi Toru , Yanagihara Takeshi , Kaneko Tomohiro , Terasaki Mika , Shimizu Akira 
Published: June 2023

AimTo clarify the clinicopathological characteristics and role of periglomerular angiogenesis in IgA nephropathy.Methods and ResultsThe renal biopsy specimens of 114 patients with IgA nephropathy were examined. Among them, 46 (40%) showed periglomerular angiogenesis around the glomeruli. CD34 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) staining in serial sections revealed that these vessels contained CD34+ α‐SMA+ microarterioles along with CD34+ α‐SMA− capillaries. We termed these “periglomerular microvessels (PGMVs)”. Patients with PGMVs (PGMV group) had clinically and histologically more severe disease than those without PGMVs (non‐PGMV group) at the time of biopsy. Even after adjusting for age, there were significant differences in the degree of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction between the PGMV and non‐PGMV groups. The PGMV group showed a higher incidence of segmental and global glomerulosclerosis and crescentic lesions than the non‐PGMV group (P < 0.01). Here, PGMVs were undetectable in the acute and active inflammation phase, but were observed in the acute to chronic or chronic glomerular remodelling phase. PGMVs mainly developed around glomerular adherent lesions to the Bowman's capsule with small or minimal glomerular sclerotic lesions. Conversely, they were rarely observed in segmental sclerosis areas.ConclusionThe PGMV group is clinically and pathologically more severe than the non‐PGMV group; however, they were undetectable in segmental sclerosis with mesangial matrix accumulation. PGMVs might occur after acute/active glomerular lesions, suggesting that PGMVs may inhibit segmental glomerulosclerosis progression and could be a marker for good repair response after acute/active glomerular injury in severe IgA nephropathy cases.
Acne characteristics in Latin American patients and the potential role of trifarotene
Authors: da Rocha Marco A. D. , Fierro‐Arias Leonel , Cohen Sabban Emilia N. , Castillo Ricardo S. , Chavda Rajeev , Almeida Luiz M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividualization of treatment based on acne type and severity, location, disease burden, and patient preference is required to maximize efficacy, safety, and adherence to therapy. Latin American populations have unique attributes that must be considered as part of this process to improve clinical success and achieve patient goals. Acne is more common among patients with darker skin phototypes, in whom it is often associated with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring—the most important acne sequelae—potentially due to more frequent and more severe underlying inflammatory processes in this population.DiscussionThese data argue for an early and proactive approach to managing acne in these patients with agents that target the inflammatory processes that underlie acne and its sequelae. As a class, retinoids offer a spectrum of activity that may be useful in addressing the unique needs of Latin American populations.ConclusionTrifarotene, a novel, selective retinoid, has been evaluated in relevant patient populations.
Efficacy of telemedicine applications in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A focus on mortality and major amputation rates
Authors: Demirkoparan Mesut , Vahabi Arman , Özbek Berker , Mert Merve , Yıldırım Şimşir Ilgın , Erdem Hüseyin Aytaç , Öztürk Anıl Murat , Çetinkalp Şevki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmputations related to diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Glycaemic control and close follow‐up protocols are essential to prevent such ulcers. Coronavirus disease (COVID) related restrictions and regulations might have a negative impact on patients who are with DFU or candidates for DFU. We retrospectively analysed 126 cases that had DFU underwent amputation surgery. Comparative analyses were done between cases that were admitted before COVID restrictions (Group A) and cases admitted after COVID restrictions (Group B). Two groups were homogenic demographically. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of mortality (p = 0.239) and amputation rates (p = 0.461). The number of emergent cases in the pandemic period doubled the number in pre‐pandemic period even though this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.112). Fastly adapted consulting practice and follow‐up protocols to compensate for the problems created by COVID‐related regulations seem to be effective in terms of mortality and amputation rates.
Large‐scale synthesis of centrifugally spun tantalum oxynitride fiber electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Mukkavilli Raghunath Sharma , Saxena Abhinav , Ji Seulgi , Thiyagarajan Ganesh Babu , Choi Heechae , Mathur Sanjay , Kumar Ravi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTantalum oxynitride (TaOxN1−x) fibers were synthesized and evaluated for their electrocatalytic hydrogen activity using an in‐house developed centrifugal spinning setup. By tailoring the composition of the spinning solution and optimizing collector distance and rotation speed of the spinneret, bead‐free TaOxN1−x fibers with a diameter of 800 nm were obtained. The fibers were structurally characterized through phase and elemental analysis, confirming the formation of monoclinic TaOxN1−x with clear splitting of the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy peaks indicating Ta was in +5 oxidation state. The resulting oxynitride fibers exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance with low overpotentials (250 mV) to generate 10 mA/cm2 compared to Ta2O5 oxide fibers. Interestingly, the enhanced activity of oxynitride fibers was observed to be suppressed in basic medium due to the high oxophilicity of tantalum ions and a negative Gibbs adsorption‐free energy, leading to poisoning of the active sites. This work demonstrates a facile pathway for the fabrication of high‐performance electrocatalysts, based on TaOxN1−x fibers, from a cost‐effective and energy‐efficient centrifugal spinning technique.
First records of the Pacific sleeper shark Somniosus cf. pacificus in the western tropical Pacific
Authors: Claassens Louw , Phillips Brennan , Ebert David A. , Delaney Denley , Henning Brad , Nestor Victor , Ililau Adrian , Giddens Jonatha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnological advances have enabled the expansion of ocean exploration to include the deep ocean, providing new species observations. Here, the authors present two new observations, captured by deep‐sea cameras, of the sleeper shark Somniosus cf. pacificus from the Solomon Islands and Palau. This presents the first observation of S. cf. pacificus in the western Pacific tropics and extends its range about 2000 nautical miles south. The observations presented here provide much‐needed information on the range of this species which can help guide future management and conservation actions.
Plasma neurofilament light chain concentrations are elevated in youth‐onset type 2 diabetes and associated with neuropathy
Authors: Fridman Vera , Sillau Stefan , Ritchie Alanna , Bockhorst Jacob , Coughlan Christina , Araya Paula , Espinosa Joaquin M. , Smith Keith , Lange Ethan M. , Lange Leslie A. , Ghormli Laure El , Drews Kimberly L. , Zeitler Philip , Reusch Jane E. B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe lack of easily measurable biomarkers remains a challenge in executing clinical trials for diabetic neuropathy (DN). Plasma Neurofilament light chain (NFL) concentration is a promising biomarker in immune‐mediated neuropathies. Longitudinal studies evaluating NFL in DN have not been performed.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed on participants with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes enrolled in the prospective Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Plasma NFL concentrations were measured at 4‐year intervals from 2008 to 2020 in 50 participants who developed DN and 50 participants with type 2 diabetes who did not develop DN.ResultsNFL concentrations were similar in the DN and no DN groups at the first assessment. Concentrations were higher in DN participants at all subsequent assessment periods (all p < .01). NFL concentrations increased over time in both groups, with higher degrees of change in DN participants (interaction p = .045). A doubling of the NFL value at Assessment 2 in those without DN increased the odds of ultimate DN outcome by an estimated ratio of 2.86 (95% CI: [1.30, 6.33], p = .0046). At the final study visit, positive Spearman correlations (controlled for age, sex, diabetes duration, and BMI) were observed between NFL and HbA1c (0.48, p < .0001), total cholesterol (0.25, p = .018), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL (0.30, p = .0037)). Negative correlations were observed with measures of heart rate variability (−0.42 to −0.46, p = <.0001).InterpretationThe findings that NFL concentrations are elevated in individuals with youth‐onset type 2 diabetes, and increase more rapidly in those who develop DN, suggest that NFL could be a valuable biomarker for DN.
The role of family support in diabetes self‐management among rural adult patients
Authors: Tang Rongsong , Luo Dan , Li Baohua , Wang Jingpin , Li Mingzi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the role of the family in supporting diabetes self‐management and explore the possible mechanisms between family and diabetes self‐management among rural patients in China.BackgroundThe prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing rapidly in rural areas of China, where healthcare resources remain relatively poor and family members play an important role in chronic disease self‐management.DesignThis was a multicentre cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 276 adults with T2DM were recruited from nine county hospitals in China. Diabetes self‐management, family support, family function, and family self‐efficacy were evaluated using the mature scales. A theoretical model was built based on the social learning family model and previous studies and then verified using a structural equation model. The STROBE statement was used to standardise the study procedure.ResultsFamily support and general family factors, including family function and self‐efficacy, were positively correlated with diabetes self‐management. Family support fully mediates the relationship between family function and diabetes self‐management and partially mediates the relationship between family self‐efficacy and diabetes self‐management. The model explained 41% of the variability in diabetes self‐management and had a good model fit.ConclusionGeneral family factors can explain nearly half of the change in diabetes self‐management in rural areas of China, while family support is a mediator between general family factors and diabetes self‐management. Family self‐efficacy, a potential intervention point of family based diabetes self‐management education, can be improved by building special lessons for family members.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study emphasises the role of family in diabetes self‐management and proposes suggestions for diabetes self‐management intervention among patients with T2DM in rural areas of China.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and their family members completed the questionnaire which was used for data collection.
Associations of postoperative delirium with activities of daily living in older people after major surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Aldwikat Rami K. , Manias Elizabeth , Holmes Alex C. , Tomlinson Emily , Nicholson Patricia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess the association of postoperative delirium developed in the post‐anaesthetic care unit (PACU) with older patients' ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) during the first five postoperative days.BackgroundPrevious studies have focused on the association between postoperative delirium and long‐term function decline, however the association between postoperative delirium and the ability to perform ADL, particularly in the immediate postoperative period, needs further investigation.DesignA prospective cohort study.MethodsA total of 271 older patients who underwent elective or emergency surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Victoria, Australia, participated in the study. Data were collected between July 2021 and December 2021. Delirium was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM‐5). The Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (KATZ ADL) scale was used to measure ADL. ADL was assessed preoperatively and daily during the first five postoperative days. The STROBE checklist was used to report this study.ResultsResults showed that 44 (16.2%) patients developed new episode of delirium. Postoperative delirium was independently associated with decline in ADL (RR = 2.83, 95% CI = 2.71–2.97; p < 0.001).ConclusionsPostoperative delirium was associated with a decline in ADL among older people during the first five postoperative days. Screening for delirium in the PACU is essential to identify delirium during the early stages of postoperative period and implement a timely comprehensive plan.Relevance to clinical practiceDelirium assessment of older patients in the PACU, and for at least the first five postoperative days, is strongly recommended. We also recommend engagement of patients in a focused physical and cognitive daily activity plan, particularly for older patients undergoing major surgery.Patient or public contributionPatients and nurses helped in data collection at a tertiary care hospital.
Understanding nursing assessment of health literacy in a hospital context: A qualitative study
Authors: Hogan Alana , Hughes Lynda , Coyne Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProblemNurses are fundamental in presenting information to their patients to ensure understanding of information, and health directions enabling improved health outcomes. Limited research exists exploring how nurses assess patient's health literacy in Australia.AimTo explore Australian nurses' perceptions of patients' health literacy and how nurses assess health literacy to provide patient education.DesignA qualitative study underpinned by phenomenology.MethodsRegistered Nurses (N = 19) across five Queensland hospitals participated in semi‐structured interviews which explored nurses' assessment of patient's health literacy level and their practices of delivering education. The transcripts were analysed using an inductive process with interpretative analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: how we assess patient health literacy; challenges with health literacy assessment; consumer focused assessment; and building assessment strategies. Participants relied on cues from the patient to identify when information has not been understood. Participants felt that online training programs in the workplace would assist in education for assessment techniques; identification of patients with low health literacy; and how to best communicate with patients that have low health literacy.ConclusionFormal health literacy assessments should be introduced to hospitals in Australia, but training is required to enable the nurse, the confidence and ability for health literacy assessment. Tailored education based on health literacy assessment would enhance the patient's understanding and improve discharge planning, which may reduce health service costs and readmissions.Reporting methodThe Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative research were followed.Patient or public contributionRegistered Nurses (N = 19) participated in qualitative interviews, providing data for analysis.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study shows that nurses are already conducting informal assessments, simply by using observation and looking for cues. More education for nurses about health literacy and how to tailor their discussions with patients will improve communication.