bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adjunctive Simvastatin on Depressive Symptoms Among Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Husain M. Ishrat , Chaudhry Imran B. , Khoso Ameer B. , Kiran Tayyeba , Khan Nawaz , Ahmad Farooq , Hodsoll John , Husain M. Omair , Naqvi Haider A. , Nizami Asad T. , Chaudhry Nasim , Khan Hazrat A. , Minhas Fareed , Meyer Jeffrey H. , Ansari Moin A. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Husain Nusrat , Young Allan H. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceImmune-metabolic disturbances have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and may be more prominent in individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Preliminary trials suggest that lipid-lowering agents, including statins, may be useful adjunctive treatments for major depressive disorder. However, no adequately powered clinical trials have assessed the antidepressant efficacy of these agents in TRD.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive simvastatin compared with placebo for reduction of depressive symptoms in TRD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in 5 centers in Pakistan. The study involved adults (aged 18-75 years) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) major depressive episode that had failed to respond to at least 2 adequate trials of antidepressants. Participants were enrolled between March 1, 2019, and February 28, 2021; statistical analysis was performed from February 1 to June 15, 2022, using mixed models.InterventionParticipants were randomized to receive standard care plus 20 mg/d of simvastatin or placebo.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the difference between the 2 groups in change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total scores at week 12. Secondary outcomes included changes in scores on the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Clinical Global Impression scale, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale and change in body mass index from baseline to week 12. C-reactive protein and plasma lipids were measured at baseline and week 12.ResultsA total of 150 participants were randomized to simvastatin (n = 77; median [IQR] age, 40 [30-45] years; 43 [56%] female) or placebo (n = 73; median [IQR] age, 35 [31-41] years; 40 [55%] female). A significant baseline to end point reduction in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total score was observed in both groups and did not differ significantly between groups (estimated mean difference for simvastatin vs placebo, −0.61; 95% CI, −3.69 to 2.46; P = .70). Similarly, there were no significant group differences in any of the secondary outcomes or evidence for differences in adverse effects between groups. A planned secondary analysis indicated that changes in plasma C-reactive protein and lipids from baseline to end point did not mediate response to simvastatin.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, simvastatin provided no additional therapeutic benefit for depressive symptoms in TRD compared with standard care.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03435744
Tough Transient Ionic Junctions Printed with Ionic Microgels
Authors: Huo Ran , Bao Guangyu , He Zixin , Li Xuan , Ma Zhenwei , Yang Zhen , Moakhar Roozbeh , Jiang Shuaibing , Chung‐Tze‐Cheong Christopher , Nottegar Alexander , Cao Changhong , Mahshid Sara , Li Jianyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmerging soft ionotronics better match the human body mechanically and electrically compared to conventional rigid electronics. They hold great potential for human‐machine interfaces, wearable and implantable devices, and soft machines. Among various ionotronic devices, ionic junctions play critical roles in rectifying currents as electrical p–n junctions. Existing ionic junctions, however, are limited in electrical and mechanical performance, and are difficult to fabricate and degrade. Herein, the design, fabrication, and characterization of tough transient ionic junctions fabricated via 3D ionic microgel printing is reported. The 3D printing method demonstrates excellent printability and allows one to fabricate ionic junctions of various configurations with high fidelity. By combining ionic microgels, degradable networks, and highly charged biopolymers, the ionic junctions feature high stretchability (stretch limit 27), high fracture energy (>1000 Jm−2), excellent electrical performance (current rectification ratio >100), and transient stability (degrade in 1 week). A variety of ionotronic devices, including ionic diodes, ionic bipolar junction transistors, ionic full‐wave rectifiers, and ionic touchpads are further demonstrated. This study merges ionotronics, 3D printing, and degradable hydrogels, and will motivate the future development of high‐performance transient ionotronics.
Water‐Stable CsPbBr3/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls for High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Sensing
Authors: Mao Lebao , Xiao Yao , Liu Hao , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu , Huang Wei‐Hua , Chen Miao‐Miao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have attracted much attention in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors owing to their superb optical properties and efficient charge transport, but the inherent poor stability severely hinders their PEC applications. Herein, hydrolysis‐resistant CsPbBr3/reduced graphene oxide nanoscrolls (CsPbBr3/rGO NSs) are obtained by solvent‐assisted self‐rolling process toward water‐stable PEC sensors. CsPbBr3 QDs embedded in rGO nanosheets can be prevented from water since the multilayer rGO shell layers, which maintains excellent optical properties. On account of strong interfacial interactions, rGO nanosheets are crimped spontaneously with CsPbBr3 QDs, which offer access to superb structural and long‐term storage stability. Moreover, appropriate band alignment and ultrafast interfacial carrier transfer enable CsPbBr3/rGO NSs to exhibit greatly enhanced anode photocurrent response for subsequent PEC sensing. As a demonstration, the molecular imprinted PEC sensors for two kinds of mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1 or ochratoxin A) presents an ultra‐high sensitivity and good anti‐interference ability. Significantly, this work provides an inspirable and convenient route for hydrolysis‐resistant PQDs‐based optoelectronic and photoelectrocatalytic applications in aqueous ambience.
AgCuS: A Single Material Diode with Fast Switching Times
Authors: Deng Philipp , Rabenbauer Alfred , Vosseler Kathrin , Venturini Janio , Nilges Tom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPnp‐switchable semiconductor materials are capable of switching their electronic properties from p‐ to n‐type conduction. Observed in the handful of discovered compounds, this behavior is usually accompanied by a temperature‐dependent phase transition. During this transition, the dynamical rearrangement of a certain substructure enables the change of the predominant charge carrier type. Considering the immense demand for compact and flexible electronic components, one possible approach is the construction of unconventional one‐compound diodes using these pnp‐switchable materials. In this study, pnp‐switchable AgCuS is applied to realize a functional one‐compound diode. AgCuS is accessible in large quantities as bulk material in a simple and short timeframe. Featuring an addressable pnp‐switch at 364 K, this material is suitable for diode generation and usage in varied applications. The diode properties of AgCuS devices are reported and illustrate its reversibility and flexibility for diode operation. The material is fully characterized with regards to its electrical and thermal properties, as well as its diode performance. Properties of AgCuS are discussed in relation to the pnp‐switchable material Ag18Cu3Te11Cl3, which is successfully used to fabricate the first one‐compound diode operating close to room temperature.
Voltage‐Modulated Untwist Deformations and Multispectral Optical Effects from Ion Intercalation into Chiral Ceramic Nanoparticles
Authors: Shao Xiao , Zhu Cheng , Kumar Prashant , Wang Yanan , Lu Jun , Cha Minjeong , Yao Lin , Cao Yuan , Mao Xiaoming , Heinz Hendrik , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReconfiguration of chiral ceramic nanostructures after ion intercalation should favor specific nanoscale twists leading to strong chiroptical effects. In this work, V2O3 nanoparticles are shown to have “built‐in” chiral distortions caused by binding of tartaric acid enantiomers to the nanoparticle surface. As evidenced by spectroscopy/microscopy techniques and calculations of nanoscale chirality measures, the intercalation of Zn2+ ions into the V2O3 lattice results in particle expansion, untwist deformations, and chirality reduction. Coherent deformations in the particle ensemble manifest as changes in sign and positions of circular polarization bands at ultraviolet, visible, mid‐infrared (IR), near‐IR (NIR), and IR wavelengths. The g‐factors observed for IR and NIR spectral diapasons are ≈100–400 times higher than those for previously reported dielectric, semiconductor, and plasmonic nanoparticles. Nanocomposite films layer‐by‐layer assembled (LBL) from V2O3 nanoparticles reveal cyclic‐voltage‐driven modulation of optical activity. Device prototypes for IR and NIR range problematic for liquid crystals and other organic materials are demonstrated. High optical activity, synthetic simplicity, sustainable processability, and environmental robustness of the chiral LBL nanocomposites provide a versatile platform for photonic devices. Similar reconfigurations of particle shapes are expected for multiple chiral ceramic nanostructures, leading to unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.
Van der Waals Epitaxy Growth of 2D Single‐Element Room‐Temperature Ferromagnet
Authors: Jiang Jian , Cheng Ruiqing , Feng Wenyong , Yin Lei , Wen Yao , Wang Yanrong , Cai Yuchen , Liu Yong , Wang Hao , Zhai Baoxing , Liu Chuansheng , He Jun , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2D single‐element materials, which are pure and intrinsically homogeneous on the nanometer scale, can cut the time‐consuming material‐optimization process and circumvent the impure phase, bringing about opportunities to explore new physics and applications. Herein, for the first time, the synthesis of ultrathin cobalt single‐crystalline nanosheets with a sub‐millimeter scale via van der Waals epitaxy is demonstrated. The thickness can be as low as ≈6 nm. Theoretical calculations reveal their intrinsic ferromagnetic nature and epitaxial mechanism: that is, the synergistic effect between van der Waals interactions and surface energy minimization dominates the growth process. Cobalt nanosheets exhibit ultrahigh blocking temperatures above 710 K and in‐plane magnetic anisotropy. Electrical transport measurements further reveal that cobalt nanosheets have significant magnetoresistance (MR) effect, and can realize a unique coexistence of positive MR and negative MR under different magnetic field configurations, which can be attributed to the competition and cooperation effect among ferromagnetic interaction, orbital scattering, and electronic correlation. These results provide a valuable case for synthesizing 2D elementary metal crystals with pure phase and room‐temperature ferromagnetism and pave the way for investigating new physics and related applications in spintronics.
Diagnosing and Correcting the Failure of the Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte for Enhancing Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Liu Yuzhao , Ma Yanfu , Boyjoo Yash , Liu Jian , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSolid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) attract great interest in developing high‐performance yet reliable solid‐state batteries. However, understanding of the failure mechanism of the SPE and SPE‐based solid‐state batteries remains in its infancy, posing a great barrier to practical solid‐state batteries. Herein, the high accumulation and clogging of “dead” lithium polysulfides (LiPS) on the interface between the cathode and SPE with intrinsic diffusion limitation is identified as a critical failure cause of SPE‐based solid‐state Li–S batteries. It induces a poorly reversible chemical environment with retarded kinetics on the cathode–SPE interface and in bulk SPEs, starving the Li–S redox in solid‐state cells. This observation is different from the case in liquid electrolytes with free solvent and charge carriers, where LiPS dissolve but remain alive for electrochemical/chemical redox without interfacial clogging. Electrocatalysis demonstrates the feasibility of tailoring the chemical environment in diffusion‐restricted reaction media for reducing Li–S redox failure in the SPE. It enables Ah‐level solid‐state Li–S pouch cells with a high specific energy of 343 Wh kg−1 on the cell level. This work may shed new light on the understanding of the failure mechanism of SPE for bottom‐up improvement of solid‐state Li–S batteries.
Recent Advances in Wearable Aqueous Metal‐Air Batteries: From Configuration Design to Materials Fabrication
Authors: Li Han , Chen Jun , Fang Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the increasing popularity of personal wearable electronic devices used for healthcare, entertainment, and sports applications, the corresponding energy supply and space adaptability of devices are required to meet higher standards. Owing to large energy densities and intrinsic safety, wearable aqueous metal‐air batteries have shown great potential to be energy storage/conversion integrated systems for wearable electronic devices characterized by long‐term low‐power operation. In contrast to non‐aqueous electrolytes, aqueous‐based electrolytes exhibit greater ionic conductivity, higher operational safety, lower cost, and superior environmental benignity, making them more suitable for a wearable power source. Herein, the most recent advances in wearable aqueous metal‐air battery systems are comprehensively summarized from the viewpoint of configuration design, materials fabrication, and property optimization. Specifically, the rational design of wearable battery configurations, including sandwich‐type, cable/fiber‐type, coplanar‐type, and integrated coplanar‐type configurations, are first discussed, followed by a detailed discussion of constituent components, including flexible air cathode, flexible anode, and quasi‐solid‐state gel electrolyte in wearable metal‐air batteries. Finally, the existing technical hurdles and recommended future research perspectives of wearable aqueous metal‐air battery systems are proposed to stimulate the broader interest of interdisciplinary researchers and try to shed some light on future advancement.
High‐Efficiency Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Using a Dual‐Additive Strategy Guided by Preferential Additive‐Precursor Interactions
Authors: Xu Yushuai , Tang Zixun , Guo Yuhang , Wang Qian , Chen Liang , Chen Hongbo , Wang Dapeng , Xie Zhiyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites are promising emitters in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their natural quantum well (QW) structure and tunable exciton binding energy. Synergistic regulation of the defect passivation and QW width distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites is crucial to achieve high‐performance perovskite‐based LEDs. Herein, a combination of two additives, i.e., 3‐(diaminomethylidene)‐1,1‐dimethylguanidine (Metformin) and 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane (Crown) having preferential interactions with different quasi‐2D perovskite precursors is proposed to synergistically passivate the defects and regulate the QW width distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites. Metformin additive interacts strongly with lead bromide, mainly passivating the defects. Crown additive has preferential interactions with organic spacer phenethylammonium bromide, which dominates the QW width distribution and induces quasi‐2D perovskites with uniform dimensions. The dual additives of Metformin and Crown interact preferentially with distinct precursors, allowing to regulate the QW width distribution and defect density of quasi‐2D perovskites synergistically. A photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 91.5% is achieved for the quasi‐2D perovskite prepared with the dual‐additive strategy. Moreover, high‐efficiency quasi‐2D perovskite LEDs were successfully fabricated with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.3% and a maximum luminance over 30 000 cd m−2. This work provides a preferential interaction‐guided dual‐additive strategy to fabricate high‐efficiency quasi‐2D perovskite LEDs without anti‐solvent treatment.
A Fast Self‐Powered Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Realized by Ga2O3/GaN PIN Heterojunction with a Fully Depleted Active Region
Authors: Chen Wencheng , Xu Xiangyu , Li Minghang , Kuang Siliang , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Cheng Qijin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGa2O3 is a wide bandgap semiconductor suitable for solar‐blind photodetection, but there exist two issues for Ga2O3‐based photodetectors: first, it is difficult to achieve reliable p‐type Ga2O3 and therefore form a homojunction photodetector, and the other is related with the slow response speed of Ga2O3‐based photodetectors. In this work, a self‐powered solar‐blind photodetector with a fast response using a p‐GaN/i‐Ga2O3/n‐Ga2O3 (pin) heterojunction with a fully depleted active region is realized, where i‐Ga2O3 serves as the main light‐absorbing active region. The device exhibits good self‐powered characteristics with a high responsivity of 72 mA W−1, a high photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 18 800, a high specific detectivity of 3.22 × 1012 Jones, and a fast response speed with a rise time/decay time of 7 ms/19 ms, respectively, without an external power supply. A detailed study of the interfacial electronic structure between p‐GaN and i‐Ga2O3 reveals a conduction band offset and valence band offset of 0.16 and 1.37 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, it has a large built‐in potential of 1.03 eV and a wide depletion region width of 235 nm in the i‐Ga2O3 side of heterojunction. It is believed that excellent device performance comes from a suitable energy band structure and wide depletion region.
Regulation of Self‐Trapped Excitons in an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Cu(I) Halide with Mixed Halogens for Use in Advanced Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Fang Shaofan , Du Aixuan , Zhou Bo , Liu Zexiang , Nie Jingheng , Wang Ye , Zhong Haizhe , Hu Hanlin , Li Henan , Shi Yumeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional Cu‐based halides exhibit considerable potential as luminescent materials owing to their efficient exciton emissions originating from strongly localized charge carriers. However, the luminescence processes of multiple self‐trapped excitons (STEs) in Cu‐based halides with mixed halogens have not been systematically studied. In this study, a novel single crystal, MACuBrI (MA = methylammonium), with mixed anions and a 1D chain structure is successfully synthesized. MACuBrI displays two different STE luminescences at room and low temperatures, which forms different STE structures through breaking CuBr or CuI bonds. Therefore, MACuBrI is adopted as an ink in an anticounterfeiting strategy to realize multiple encryption effects, which may clearly identify and authenticate the substrate under ultraviolet light irradiation and even after low‐temperature treatment. This discovery may deepen the understanding of the STE emission mechanism and provide a novel pathway for the development of Pb‐free metal halides with remarkable luminescence performances.
Highly Efficient Purely Organic Phosphorescence Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Donor–Acceptor Skeleton with a Phenoxaselenine Donor
Authors: Chen Zijian , Li Mengke , Gu Qing , Peng Xiaomei , Qiu Weidong , Xie Wentao , Liu Denghui , Jiao Yihang , Liu Kunkun , Zhou Jiadong , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials generally exhibit low phosphorescence quantum yield (ϕP) and long phosphorescence lifetime (τP) due to the theoretically spin‐forbidden triplet state. Herein, by introducing a donor–acceptor (D–A) skeleton with a phenoxaselenine donor, three nonaromatic amine donor containing compounds with high ϕP and short τP in amorphous films are developed. Besides the enhanced spin–orbit coupling (SOC) by the heavy‐atom effect of selenium, the D–A skeleton which facilitates orbital angular momentum change can further boost SOC, and severe nonradiative energy dissipation is also suppressed by the rigid molecular structure. Consequently, a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 19.5% are achieved for the RTP organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) based on 2‐(phenoxaselenin‐3‐yl)‐4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (PXSeDRZ). Moreover, voltage‐dependent color‐tunable emission and single‐molecule white emission are also realized. These results shed light on the broad prospects of purely organic phosphorescence materials as highly efficient OLED emitters especially for potential charming lighting applications.
Surface Unsaturated Sulfur Modulates Pt Sub‐Nanoparticles on Tandem Homojunction CdS for Efficient Electron Extraction
Authors: Tang Yuan , Jia Xiaofang , Guo Yuchen , Geng Zikang , Wang Chunyang , Liu Lequan , Zhang Junying , Guo Wanqian , Tan Xin , Yu Tao , Ye Jinhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe metal‐semiconductor interfacial photocarrier extraction and utilization are crucial for boosting photocatalytic activity, and the construction of interfacial chemical bonds to anchor the metal active sites is an emerging direction to facilitate interfacial photocarrier extraction. Herein, interfacial PtS bonds are designed via an in situ photoreduction to precisely anchor Pt sub‐nanoclusters (SNCs) on the tandem homojunction CdS (Pt‐CdSx‐T). The optimized Pt0.02‐CdSx‐T photocatalyst exhibits an impressive hydrogen evolution rate of 854.2 µmol h−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 43.55% at 470 nm, which is nearly 13 times that of pristine CdS. Systematic investigations reveal that the abundant coordination‐unsaturated S atoms on CdSx‐T act as sites to anchor Pt SNCs and the thus formed interfacial PtS bonds accelerate the metal‐semiconductor interface directional photocarriers transfer. The homojunction CdSx‐T with its tandem potential barrier promotes the separation of photocarriers via an internal electrostatic field, and the metal‐semiconductor interface electron transfer kinetics and H* adsorption capacity depend on the Pt SNCs size as confirmed by the surface photovoltage spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This work affords a new perspective for the exploitation of precisely dispersed cocatalysts on homojunction catalysts to achieve high‐efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.