bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home treatment as an add-on to family-based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa compared with standard family-based treatment and home-based stress reduction training: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Besse-Flütsch Nicole , Bühlmann Claudia , Fabijani Natalie , Ruschetti Gian Giacomo , Smigielski Lukasz , Pauli Dagmar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Family-based treatment (FBT) is currently the most effective evidence-based treatment approach for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Home treatment (HT) as an add-on to FBT (FBT-HT) has been shown to be acceptable, feasible and effective. The described three-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT) is intended to investigate whether FBT-HT demonstrates higher efficacy compared to standard outpatient FBT with supplemental mindfulness-based stress reduction training (FBT-MBSR).

Methods
This RCT compares FBT-HT to standard outpatient FBT and FBT-MBSR as a credible home-based control group in terms of efficacy and delivery. Adolescents with AN or atypical AN disorder (n = 90) and their parent(s)/caregiver(s) are to be randomly assigned to either FBT, FBT-HT or FBT-MBSR groups. Eating disorder diagnosis and symptomatology are to be assessed by eating disorder professionals using standardized questionnaires and diagnostic instruments (Eating Disorder Examination, Eating Disorder Inventory, Body Mass Index). In addition, parents and caregivers independently provide information on eating behavior, intrafamily communication, stress experience and weight. The therapeutic process of the three treatments is to be measured and assessed among both participants and care providers. The feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness can thus also be evaluated.

Discussion
We hypothesize that FBT-HT will be an acceptable, appropriate and feasible intervention and, importantly, will outperform both established FBT and FBT-MBSR in improving adolescent weight and negative eating habits. Secondary outcome measures include the reduction in the stress experienced by caregivers, as well as the regulation of perceived expressed emotions within the family, while the intrafamily relationships are hypothesized to mediate/moderate the effectiveness of FBT. The proposed study has the potential to enhance the scientific and clinical understanding of the efficacy of FBT for AN, including whether the addition of HT to FBT versus another home-based adjunct intervention improves treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the study aligns with public health priorities to optimize the outcomes of evidence-based treatments and integrate the community setting.
Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05418075).
Optic canal: a CT-based morphometric study in north Indian population
Authors: Sthapak Eti , Pasricha Navbir , Narayan Shamrendra , Gaharwar Anamika , Bhatnagar Rajan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Lesser wing of sphenoid joins the body of sphenoid by two roots which are separated by the optic canal. Optic canal is a communicating channel between orbit and middle cranial fossa, forming a passage for the ophthalmic artery and optic nerve. Considering the delicate neurovascular structure that traverses the narrow confines of the optic canal, knowledge of the morphometry, anatomical variations of this canal and their relations becomes an important part of diagnostic medicine and surgical management.

Objective
The aim of the study was to conduct morphometric analysis and document variations of optic canal in north Indian population and study its sexual dimorphism.

Material and Method
Type of Study Cross-sectional study. Sample size 200 Computerized tomography head axial section scans from picture archiving and communication system. The computer-assisted measurements of optic canal parameters were obtained on both right and left sides. Statistical analysis Unpaired t-test, paired t-test and ANOVA were applied.

Result
Optic canal of 110 males, 90 females were examined. The overall cranial opening diameter, orbital opening diameter and length of optic canal in males were 4.34 ± 0.74, 3.17 ± 0.58 and 9.81 ± 1.62 and in females they were 3.99 ± 0.71, 2.97 ± 0.59 and 9.38 ± 2.02 respectively.

Conclusion
Significant gender difference is seen in cranial and orbital opening diameter, and distance from midsagittal plane. No statistical significant difference is observed in right and left side parameters. A thorough knowledge of the normal dimensions of optic canal is important for evaluation and management of cases of optic nerve decompression.
Bioinformatic analysis of KIT juxtamembrane domain mutations in Syrian GIST patients: jigsaw puzzle completed
Authors: Pharaon Nour , Habbal Wafa , Monem Fawza 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The huge number of detected somatic KIT mutations highlights the necessity of in silico analyses that are almost absent in the relevant medical literature. The aim of this study is to report the mutation spectrum analysis of exon 11 encoding the juxtamembrane (JM) domain of the KIT gene in a group of Syrian GIST patients.

Methods
Forty-eight formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded GIST tissue samples, collected between 2006 and 2016, were retrieved from the pathological archives and analyzed for KIT exon 11 mutations by DNA sequencing. Structural/functional impact of detected variants was predicted using several bioinformatic tools.

Results
Twenty-one different variants have been detected in intron 10, exon 11, and intron 11 of the KIT gene, eight of which were novel changes. Mutations in exon 11 of the KIT gene were detected in 28 of 48 (58.3%) GIST patients and predicted to be pathogenic and cancer promoting. Specifically, age above 60 was very significantly associated with the negative selection of deletion mutations (p = .007), a phenomenon that points to deletion severity.

Conclusions
Six bioinformatic tools have proved efficient in predicting the impact of detected KIT variations in view of published structural, experimental, and clinical findings.
Citizen science to monitor the establishment and spread of a biological control agent: the case of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) for the control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) in South and South-East Asia
Authors: Cock Matthew J. W. , Day Michael D. , Winston Rachel L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) has been deliberately released in six countries in South and South-East Asia as a biological control agent for Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae). To date, the scientific literature has records of establishment in only four of these countries: India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Georeferenced and dated images shared by citizen scientists on the iNaturalist.org platform were used to assess the establishment and spread of P. pseudoinsulata. Adding to our existing knowledge, it was found that P. pseudoinsulata is established in Thailand and Vietnam and has spread to China (Yunnan and Hainan provinces), Cambodia and West Malaysia (Penang). We discuss the value of using citizen science to track the establishment and spread of weed biological control agents, using P. pseudoinsulata as an example.
Assessment of the relationship between lubricating oil viscosity and surface-attached adhesion rate via regression modelling
Authors: Jantarasricha Tanakorn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study used a regression model, experimental data from a viscosity measurement device, and a computational technique to investigate the relationship between lubricant viscosity and surface-attached adhesion rates. Three types of used lubricants were identified and evaluated using viscosity and surface adhesion measuring instruments using three different sizes of steel balls, namely 3 mm, 3.5 mm, and 4 mm. The experimental results were then analysed using a simple linear regression model with parameter estimation. At a significance level of 0.05, the results revealed that the lubricant viscosity and the rate of surface adhesion were linearly correlated. The results of this research could be utilized by industry to control the usage of lubricating oil in industrial parts, make judgments about changing or analysing the quality of the heat-reducing lubricant at the interface between mechanical components, and so on. To maintain lubrication efficiency and increase the service life of industrial parts. As a result of fulfilling this desired goal, the regression equations generated during this study can be used to estimate surface-attached adhesion rates in other circumstances. The viscosity range utilised in this case study corresponds to the normal viscosity of the unused lubricant. The surface-attached adhesion rate can thus be accurately selected by manufacturers, and the lubrication effectiveness can also be monitored. This is another indirect waste reduction in the manufacturing chain.
Predictors of Ongoing Androgen Abuse. A Prospective 2-year Follow up of 100 Male Androgen Abusers
Authors: Smit Diederik L , de Ronde Willem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The abuse of androgens is common among visitors to fitness centers. Prospective data regarding patterns of androgen abuse and predictors of future use are not well studied.

Methods
This is a 2-year prospective observational cohort study among 100 male androgen abusers. The median age of the subjects was 31 years (range, 19-67 years). Participants were meticulously characterized and observed for 1 year before, during, and after the use of a cycle of androgens. They remained in follow-up for a second year to study subsequent androgen abuse. Using multivariable regression analysis we aimed to identify baseline sociodemographic factors and cycle characteristics that would predict future androgen abuse.

Results
Ninety-seven (97%) men completed the second year of follow-up. Sixty-three subjects (65%) abused androgens again and 16 (16%) for the entire duration of the second year. The variables that were positively associated with the cumulative time of androgen abuse during the 2 years of follow-up were historical cumulative androgen exposure and the intention to take part in bodybuilding competitions. Cycle duration in year 1 and training time at baseline were positively associated with repeated use in year 2. Cycle duration in the first year was also positively associated with the cumulative time of androgen abuse in the second year. For all the other investigated baseline variables and cycle characteristics, no associations with future use were found.

Conclusion
The results of this study support the assumption that body building competitions are a driver for androgen abuse. Most androgen abusers use androgens repeatedly. The factors that predict future androgen abuse may assist in harm reduction strategies that aim to minimize long-term health problems in androgen abusers.
Adrenal Crisis Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Kurematsu Yukako , Mohri Takako , Okada Sadanori , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Vaccination is generally recommended for patients with adrenal insufficiency receiving glucocorticoid replacement therapy because they are at risk of experiencing adrenal crisis during infections. Conventional vaccinations, such as those for influenza virus, have rarely been associated with adrenal crisis in patients with adrenal insufficiency; therefore, increasing the glucocorticoid dose during vaccination is not necessarily recommended. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines exhibit a higher degree of adverse reactions, including fever and general fatigue, than those of conventional vaccines. Here, we present 3 cases of adrenal crisis associated with mRNA COVID-19 (BNT162b2) vaccination in patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. Two patients presented with adrenal crisis after the second dose, whereas 1 presented with adrenal crisis after the first dose. Within 24 hours of vaccination, all patients presented with fatigue and appetite loss, and 2 patients were febrile. None of them increased their glucocorticoid dosage at the time of vaccination, leading to an adrenal crisis. To date, 9 cases of adrenal crisis, including ours, associated with COVID-19 vaccination have been reported. Considering the high degree of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination, administration of prophylactic stress dose of glucocorticoids is strongly recommended, particularly in patients with symptomatic adverse reactions, to protect them from adrenal crisis.
Siblings With HNF4A Congenital Hyperinsulinism From Possible Parental Gonadal Mosaicism
Authors: Wolschendorf Robin , Eimicke Toni , Swartz Jonathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in early infancy. Mutations in the gene for heterozygous hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor 4-alpha (HNF4A) account for approximately 5% of cases and are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion or arise as de novo mutations. This case describes a unique presentation of parental gonadal, or germline, mosaicism as the suspected inheritance pattern for siblings with congenital hyperinsulinism caused by HNF4A mutations. Two siblings presented with hypoglycemia in the first hours of life and were subsequently confirmed to have hyperinsulinism. In each patient, glycemic control was achieved at relatively low doses of diazoxide. Both siblings tested positive for the same HNF4A mutation, whereas the parents tested negative for HNF4A mutations. Gonadal, or germline, mosaicism became the presumed leading diagnosis, given 2 unaffected parents with 2 children with congenital hyperinsulinism. The older sibling demonstrated additional clinical features of liver disease and renal Fanconi syndrome, both of which are associated with HNF4A mutations.
Genetic testing plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of congenital hyperinsulinism. HNF4A mutations may arise by a range of mechanisms, including gonadal, or germline, mosaicism. HNF4A mutations have phenotypic variance that may affect multiple organ systems at any age.
A SDHB Variant of Unknown Significance in a Patient With a Cardiac Functional Paraganglioma
Authors: Carafone Lindsay , Victor Adrienne , Harbuz-Miller Inga 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare tumors derived from chromaffin cells of the neural crest. Succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) mutations are associated with metastatic potential and potentially worse prognosis. Here we describe the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with chest pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Cardiac workup revealed a nearly 7-cm cardiac mass in the right lateral wall. Incisional biopsy demonstrated paraganglioma. Plasma free normetanephrine and chromogranin A were elevated. A DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) revealed avidity of the mass with no evidence of distant metastases. Next-generation sequencing of the specimen demonstrated a variant of unknown significance of SDHB at H244D. Germline testing was negative. Surgical resection was aborted due to involvement of critical structures of the heart. Systemic treatment with the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib was initiated with subsequent improvements in biochemical markers as well as reductions in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT. After 5 months of cabozantinib, he was unable to tolerate the side effects and external beam radiation therapy was completed. In this case, we report a novel somatic SDHB mutation at H244D in a sympathetic paraganglioma presenting as a cardiac mass.
A Novel CDC73 Gene Mutation in Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor Syndrome Associated With Ectopic-pelvic Kidney
Authors: Danda Vijay Sheker Reddy , Kyatham Vivek , Paidipally Srinivas Rao , Palli Sharmila 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A 21-year-old woman presented with polyuria, fragility fractures, and a history of recurrent renal calculi, which was also present in her maternal aunt. Examination revealed an oval palpable mass in the neck. Biochemistry revealed a grossly elevated serum calcium, PTH, and serum alkaline phosphatase with low serum phosphorous, suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism. Ultrasonography of the neck and parathyroid scintigraphy localized a large lesion arising from the right posterior and inferior aspect of the thyroid gland, suggesting a parathyroid tumor. Parathyroid carcinoma was suspected based on the severe clinical manifestations. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed cysts in the kidneys, bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis, left ectopic-pelvic kidney, and lytic lesions in the iliac bone. The patient underwent a right inferior parathyroidectomy with normalization of serum calcium postoperatively. Histopathologic examination revealed a parathyroid adenoma, which was contrary to the expectation. Whole exome sequencing in the index case revealed a novel 99-bp heterozygous insertion, likely pathogenic variant in the exon 2 of CDC73 gene causing hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome. Here, we report a rare case of hyperparathyroidism jaw tumor syndrome that presented with severe hypercalcemia, renal cysts, and an ectopic-pelvic kidney without jaw tumor or uterine abnormalities.
“The Great Lesson of May '68 Is That Violence Pays”
Authors: Provenzano Luca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From the après-mai 1968 through the end of the 1970s, successive groups of French radicals legitimized revolutionary violence and developed a militant protest culture that challenged the state's monopoly on violence. Most scholars have presented political violence in 1970s France as bound to the trajectories of organized Maoist and Trotskyist groups and as the product of revolutionary ideology that was overcome by experience. This article traces how a cohort of radicals continued to articulate discourses of self-defense, counterviolence, and violence as revolution of the self well into the 1970s. Activists did so because their experiences of conflict confirmed the salience of violent struggle. The article contributes to the historical study of violent phenomena by tracing an approach that integrates the analysis of understandings of violence and experiences of conflictual politics.
Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Ślusarczyk Aleksander , Zapała Piotr , Zapała Łukasz , Borkowski Tomasz , Radziszewski Piotr 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and Purpose
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) constitutes a heterogeneous group of tumors with different prognoses. This population-based study aimed to report real-world cancer-specific survival (CSS) of NMIBC and create a prognostic nomogram based on the identified risk factors.

Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was searched for patients diagnosed with NMIBC from 2004 to 2015, who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. The dataset was divided into development and validation cohorts. Factors associated with CSS were identified using Cox proportional hazards and used to develop a prognostic nomogram.

Results
In total, 98,238 patients with NMIBC were included. At the median follow-up of 124 months (IQR 81–157 months), cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was highest for T1HG (19.52%), followed by Tis (15.56%), similar for T1LG and TaHG (10.88% and 9.23%, respectively), and lowest for TaLG (3.76%). Multivariable Cox regression for CSS prediction was utilized to develop a nomogram including the following risk factors: tumor T category and grade, age, tumor size and location, histology type, primary character, race, income, and marital status. In the validation cohort, the model was characterized by an AUC of 0.824 and C-index that reached 0.795.

Conclusions
To conclude, NMIBC is associated with a significant risk of long-term CSM especially, but not only, in patients with T1HG. Rarely diagnosed TaHG and T1LG tumors should be regarded as high-risk due to approximately 10% CSM. T category, grading, and age remain the most powerful determinants of CSS in NMIBC, but sociodemographic factors might also influence its prognosis.
Radiographical assessment of post and core placement errors encountered by Saudi dental students at different educational levels
Authors: Alshehri Turki , Aly Nourhan M. , Altayyar Raand , Alghamdi Deena , Alotaibi Shahad , Ellakany Passent 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dental post and core is one of the common procedures performed after endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to radiographically assess the quality of post and core procedures performed by dental students at different education levels in addition to determining the most critical errors encountered during their clinical practice. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. A total of 550 periapical radiographs (PAs) of cemented posts were retrieved from the records of patients treated by dental students. Parameters and guidelines for assessing the quality of post treatment have been determined and statistically analyzed. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 502 students and most of them were females (66.5%). Data were obtained from 502 patients (62% females) with fiber posts used in 98.2% of the cases. About 50% of the posts were inserted in premolars, 62.9% in the upper arch, and 66.7% were restored with crowns as a final restoration. Regarding the quality of posts, 98.4% showed good preparation quality and 98% showed good radiographic quality. The post diameter was equal to 1/3 of the root diameter in 31.9% of the cases; post length was equal to 2/3 of root length in 5% of the cases and equal to or more than crown height in all cases (100%). Length of the remaining gutta percha (GP) was between 3–5 mm in 38.8%, and there was no gap between the post and remaining GP in 95.6% of the cases. There were no statistically significant differences between dental students at different clinical educational levels regarding the quality of post placement. Conclusions: The quality of post and core procedures performed by students showed acceptable radiographic quality and were within the recommended standards.