bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a neural network model to predict the presence of fentanyl in community drug samples
Authors: Ti Lianping , Grant Cameron J. , Tobias Samuel , Hore Dennis K. , Laing Richard , Marshall Brandon D. L. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Increasingly, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is being used as a harm reduction tool to provide people who use drugs real-time information about the contents of their substances. However, FTIR spectroscopy has been shown to have a high detection limit for fentanyl and interpretation of results by a technician can be subjective. This poses concern, given that some synthetic opioids can produce serious toxicity at sub-detectable levels. The objective of this study was to develop a neural network model to identify fentanyl and related analogues more accurately in drug samples compared to traditional analysis by technicians.

Methods
Data were drawn from samples analyzed point-of-care using combination FTIR spectroscopy and fentanyl immunoassay strips in British Columbia between August 2018 and January 2021. We developed neural network models to predict the presence of fentanyl based on FTIR data. The final model was validated against the results from immunoassay strips. Prediction performance was assessed using F1 score, accuracy, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and was compared to results obtained from analysis by technicians.

Results
A total of 12,684 samples were included. The neural network model outperformed results from those analyzed by technicians, with an F1 score of 96.4% and an accuracy of 96.4%, compared to 78.4% and 82.4% with a technician, respectively. The AUROC of the model was 99.0%. Fentanyl positive samples correctly detected by the model but not by the technician were typically those with low fentanyl concentrations (median: 2.3% quantity by weight; quartile 1–3: 0.0%-4.6%).

Discussion
Neural network models can accurately predict the presence of fentanyl and related analogues using FTIR data, including samples with low fentanyl concentrations. Integrating this tool within drug checking services utilizing FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to improve decision making to reduce the risk of overdose and other negative health outcomes.
Retrospective analysis of cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection in children in the Republic of Komi
Authors: Korableva N. N. , Payusova O. R. , Berestnev E. V. , Tarbeyeva O. N. , Mezentseva A. S. , Bezuglaya T. V. 
Published: July 2023

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new and relatively rare nosology in children associated with COVID-19 infection, which is characterized by severe multiple organ involvement and poses an immediate life threat.Objective: to analyze the clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination data of patients with MIS-C associated with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized in the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Komi Republic and the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Komi Republic from April 2020 to April 2022.Material and methods. The retrospective study included 15 patients. The diagnosis was verified according to the Guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health (version dated July 3, 2020). The results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination of patients were evaluated in comparison with literature data.Results and discussion. The prevalence of MIS-C in the Komi Republic was 5.5 per 100,000 persons under 18 years of age. The majority of the study cohort were males (66.7%), the median age was 3 years. 46.7% of cases were between the ages of 8 and 14 years. At the onset of clinical manifestations, all patients had fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. In 80% of children, pathological changes of skin and mucous membranes, as well as respiratory disorders were revealed. Involvement of the cardiovascular system in the pathological process was noted in 66.7% of cases. Less frequently, the urinary tract was affected. When analyzing laboratory data, an increase in the level of inflammatory markers, as well as lymphopenia and neutrophilia, were noted. Most patients received therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic glucocorticoids, as well as anticoagulants and acetylsalicylic acid. The outcomes of the disease in most cases were favorable, in 6.7% of patients a lethal outcome was recorded.Conclusion. The analysis of cases of MIS-C illustrates the high frequency of seroconversion to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the predominance of males compared to females (2:1 ratio), the prevalence of the age group under 4 years, the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and generally favorable prognosis. The diversity of clinical features of COVID-19 warrants a high degree of suspicion for MIS-C, as well as the development of a predictive tool, the "MIS-C Suspicion Index".
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assessment of essential and toxic trace elements in traditional spices consumed by the population of the Middle Eastern region in their recipes
Authors: Syed Saeed Ali , Bari Ahmed , Kaimkhani Zahid A. , Ali Essam A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma and microwave digestion are used in this article to analyze various food matrices. Different natural herbs are used in the recipes for the food items that the people of the Middle Eastern part of the world eat; they use these herbs as spices in different proportions. The study examines the potential effects on human health associated with consuming trace and toxic elements, such as Ni, Mn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, and Na. The targeted spices include sumac, za’atar, black lemon, cumin seed, and kabsa powder; these were used in a variety of recipes for the food items the people of Saudi Arabia eat but not limited to fattier, kabsa, tabbouleh, humus, haysa Al tumreya, and other traditional foods. The herbs were collected from the Saudi Arabian market. For microwave digestion, Merck's ultra-pure nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide were used. For elemental analysis, a highly sophisticated technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was applied. The average potassium values in black lemon (Loomi), kabsa powder, cumin seed, za’atar, and sumac were 1,283, 1,248, 1,739, 500, and 500 mg/100 g, respectively. These spices help fulfill the human body’s daily requirements of elemental content.
Raciolinguistic perspective on labor in the Americas
Authors: Alonso Lara , Villa Galán Laura 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This introduction presents the concept of raciolinguistic ideologies and discusses its potential to look at issues related to labor in the Americas. We explore the concept of raciolinguistics as a helpful anchor for researchers to examine the co-construction of race and language. Additionally, we link the current reproduction of social and economic inequality to the interconnection of slavery and capitalism stemming from the colonial projects. We briefly present the six contributions to this special issue, a collection of works that rely on different theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and analytical approaches to examine the (re)production of inequality in American labor markets as it materializes in unfair working practices and discourses that naturalize labor discrimination across the region. The six papers included in the issue offer an interesting dialogue between the raciolinguistic perspective and political economy approaches. Finally, these papers highlight four overarching themes: the repercussions for vulnerabilized communities of the stratification of the labor market, the ways in which the commodification and decommodification of racialized languages tend to favor powerful social positions, the way in which language authority operates to decide what counts as legitimate languages/speakers; and the need felt by speakers to make discursive sense of raciolinguistic practices and discourses.
Derivation of septic B-spline function in n-dimensional to solve n-dimensional partial differential equations
Authors: Raslan Kamal R. , Ali Khalid K. , Mohamed Mohamed S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new structure for the septic B-spline collocation algorithm in n-dimensional is presented as a continuation of generating B-spline functions in n-dimensional to solve mathematical models in n-dimensional. The septic B-spline collocation algorithm is displayed in three forms: one dimensional, two dimensional, and three dimensional. In various domains, these constructs are essential for solving mathematical models. The effectiveness and correctness of the suggested method are demonstrated using a few two- and three-dimensional test problems. The proposed new structure provides better results than other methods because it deals with a larger number of points than the field. To create comparisons, we use different numerical approaches accessible in the literature.
Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease Have Lower Bone Mineral Density Compared to Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Cezar Natália Oiring de Castro , da Silva Stéfany Gomes , Aily Jéssica Bianca , de Oliveira Marcos Paulo Braz , de Noronha Marcos Amaral , Mattiello Stela Márcia 
Published: July 2023

Background and Purpose:
The literature has associated bone mineral density (BMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate BMD in older adults with AD compared with older adults with no dementia.

Methods:
Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2022. Observational studies that compared BMD in the populations of interest were included. Methodical quality (risk of bias) was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for meta-analyses.

Results and Discussion:
Five studies were included, involving a total of 1772 older adults (373 with AD and 1399 with no dementia). A first meta-analysis compared 207 older adults with AD and 1243 with no dementia for BMD in the femoral neck. The results showed lower BMD in the AD groups (SMD = −1.52; 95% CI, −2.61 to −0.42; P = .007, low quality of evidence). A second meta-analysis considering different sites of the body (whole body, trunk, femur, and lumbar spine) also showed lower BMD in older adults with AD compared with the group with no dementia (SMD = −0.98; 95% CI, −1.91 to −0.05; P = .04, low quality of evidence). Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores ranged from 7 to 9, indicating low risk of bias.

Conclusions:
Bone mineral density is lower in older adults with AD than in older adults with no dementia, especially in the femoral neck. These results suggest that older adults with AD may be at greater risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis. Current clinical practice guidelines should be amended for screening frequency and methodology for this particular cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm whether older people with AD have lower BMD in other sites of the body.
MOOCs: The Factors Impacting Learners’ Continuance Intention, the Intention to Complete or Cancel a Course
Authors: Adomaviciute Karina , Dikcius Vytautas , Zimaitis Ignas 
Published: July 2023

The growing popularity of massive open online courses (MOOCs), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has attracted significant attention from researchers and businesses. Though many studies have investigated what motivates learners’ continuance intention, it is no less important to reveal the factors that lead to course completion or cancellation. The aim of this study is to reveal the factors impacting three different e-learning behaviour intentions– continuance intention, the intention to complete, and the intention to cancel MOOCs – by applying the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Based on a survey of 299 respondents, it was revealed that the TAM only explains continuance intention but cannot be fully employed to predict two other e-learning behavior intentions. Also, participants’ support and self-efficacy, being a part of the TPB model, had an influence on the intention to complete the course, while they did not affect continuance intention. Only participants’ support had a moderate positive impact on the intention to cancel it. Moreover, it was revealed that continuance intention positively impacted the intention to complete and negatively impacted the intention to cancel the course. This expands the body of knowledge about learners’ motivations for three different e-learning behaviour intentions and has managerial implications for their development in emerging economies.
Avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho do programa Previne Brasil no Maciço de Baturité: Doenças crônicas.
Authors: Linard Andrea Gomes , Silva Antônia Carla Gomes , Sancho Aida Texeira , Marques Jarom Kepri de Sousa , Martins Larissa Santiago 
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: avaliar os resultados dos indicadores de desempenho 6 (proporção de pessoas com hipertensão, com consulta e pressão arterial aferida no semestre) e 7 (proporção de pessoas com diabetes mellitus, com consulta e hemoglobina glicada solicitada no semestre) do Programa Previne Brasil no Maciço de Baturité, situado no Ceará no período de 2020 ao ano de 2023.
Métodos: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa
Resultados: A região do Maciço de Baturité possui 136 unidades de atenção primária à saúde em situação ativa e registradas no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), com o total 99 equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF), exibindo um indicador de cobertura de eSF de 100%. Contudo, os indicadores de desempenho do programa Previne Brasil apresentaram resultados inadequados. O indicador 6 não alcançou a meta de 50% de cobertura nos anos de 2020 a 2022 e o indicador 7 atingiu a meta somente no ano de 2021, todavia apresenta uma tendência de queda em 2022.
Conclusão: a cobertura dos indicadores é insatisfatória, em observância ao predomínio de quadrimestres onde as metas estabelecidas para os indicadores não são alcançadas. No entanto, o estudo revela que a taxa de cobertura de equipes de Saúde da Família encontra-se adequada nos treze municípios avaliados. Assim, a pesquisa expressa a necessidade de revisão no perfil de atendimento a pacientes com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
Perfil sexual general en personas con un consumo problemático de cibersexo
Authors: García Barba Marta , Estruch García Verónica , Ruiz Palomino Estefanía , Gil Llario Mª Dolores , Castro Calvo Jesús , Ballester Arnal Rafael 
Published: July 2023

Introducción: La adicción al cibersexo es un término que carece de consenso en cuanto a su clasificación y criterios diagnósticos. El desconocimiento sobre este trastorno lleva a estigmatizar a las personas que lo padecen considerando, en el mejor de los casos, que su adicción estaría generalizada a toda su sexualidad. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil sexual de un grupo de hombres con un uso problemático de cibersexo. Metodología: Participaron 30 hombres de entre 25-67 años (M=36.43; DT=8,28) que presentaban un perfil de riesgo o de adicción al cibersexo medido a través del ISST (Internet Sex Screening Test, Delmonico, 1997) y de la Entrevista Diagnóstica CISEX (Castro-Calvo et al., en preparación) que buscaban ayuda para su tratamiento. Además, completaron otros cuestionarios sobre información sociodemográfica y sexualidad general. Resultados: El 70% eran heterosexuales y un 80% tenía pareja estable. Un 53.3% se masturbaba semanalmente sin utilizar internet, dedicando 1.86 horas/semana (DT=1.64) y un 73.3% mantenía relaciones sexuales con su pareja estable (M=1.77 horas/semana; DT=1.80). Otras conductas sexuales como las relaciones con parejas esporádicas (13.3%), el contacto con trabajadores/as sexuales (6.7%) o las relaciones consideradas infidelidad (0%) eran poco frecuentes entre estas personas. Además, presentaban bajo malestar con sus actividades sexuales offline y un control percibido elevado sobre estas actividades. En cuanto a preferencias sexuales parafílicas, entre un 80% y un 36.7% se excitaba en alguna medida ante situaciones de voyeurismo, exhibicionismo o sadomasoquismo. Conclusiones: En general, las personas con un perfil problemático de cibersexo son heterosexuales, con pareja estable y presentan una conducta sexual offline no patológica. No obstante, la excitación sexual ante situaciones que pueden considerarse parafílicas es frecuente, lo que puede ser un signo de tolerancia, característica en este trastorno. Estos datos evidencian que existen personas cuya adicción se centra en el cibersexo, sin verse afectados otros ámbitos de su sexualidad.
Wixárika Practices of Medical Syncretism: An Ontological Proposal for Health in the Anthropocene
Authors: Gamlin Jennie 
Published: July 2023

By understanding a community’s medical system, we are able to see its body ontology and how the people within it live in relation to the world, a historically constructed ideological position. Modernisation and development have restructured Indigenous communities and devalued traditional ontologies, including medical systems. This is a global pattern, where historical power relationships defined the coloniality of being and from this, organised healthcare, governance, and education in relation to patriarchal and capitalist universals. These social structures underlie the Anthropocene geological epoch and planetary crisis. Wixárika Indigenous communities live a polytheistic sociality; their medical system treats the spiritual origins of illness, attending to social cohesion in a society of humans, the supernatural, flora and fauna. This system is subalternised by dominant universals of biomedicine, which treat the body as separate from the environment and society. I refer to this epistemological inequality as the ontological Anthropocene. Wixaritari use both allopathic and traditional medical systems, following a non-hierarchical syncretic understanding of wellbeing. Giving equal importance to both systems may be a framework with implications for wellbeing beyond human health. This Research Article proposes that by centring Indigenous sociality that is more-than-human we can reconceive our planetary relationships in the broadest sense.
Documental y patrimonio: la casa de la harina en el interior de Alagoas, tradición y contemporaneidad
Authors: Medeiros Marina Milito de , Santana Maria Clara Araújo , Lima Palloma Medeiros de 
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar, valorar y salvaguardar el patrimonio cultural de la región de la cuenca lechera del interior de Alagoas, a través de la producción de un documental sobre el molino harinero en la aldea de Amargosa, ubicada en la zona rural del município de Jacaré dos Homens. El trabajo se realizó a través de investigación de campo, en internet, en libros y artículos científicos. Una de las principales herramientas de recolección de datos fue la realización de entrevistas a los habitantes más antiguos de la comunidad. La práctica de transformar la yuca en harina proviene de los pueblos originarios de Brasil, técnica inicialmente desarrollada para aumentar la durabilidad del tubérculo y facilitar su transporte, recurso fundamental para la cultura nómada indígena y que se perpetuó en el territorio brasileño, siendo fundamental para la subsistencia en el periodo colonial y permaneciendo como alimento típico nacional. Las casas harineras fueron durante mucho tempo formando el paisaje, la memoria y la cultura del país, especialmente en la región nordeste, sin embargo, la producción artesanal de harina de yuca ha sido reemplazada cada vez más por la producción industrial, trayendo como consecuencia la pérdida de saberes y sabores únicos en nuestra tierra. Así, se realizó un relevamiento de los molinos harineros que existieron en el pueblo de Amargosa y los que aún existen, y un registro detallado de la producción artesanal de harina en estas casas que aún se encuentran en funcionamiento, a través del desarrollo del documental, lo que servirá tanto como registro de esta actividad en vertiginoso declive en el territorio nacional, y como fuente de datos para futuras investigaciones sobre el tema.
Cerebral venous revascularization in meningioma surgery
Authors: Orlov E. A. , Polunina N. A. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Brain tumors are a complex problem of modern neurosurgery. Meningiomas, mostly benign tumors, can become a problem when they are difficult to locate. The complexity is also caused by tumors affecting the sinuses of the brain. In this case, the surgeon faces a number of issues related to the diagnosis, preoperative planning and the choice of treatment tactics for these patients. The choice in favor of revascularization of the venous bed is also not always unambiguous due to the lack of clear indications and contraindications to this type of intervention. The purpose of the work was to analyze articles on the topic of surgical treatment of meningiomas of the brain venous system.Conclusion. Based on the results of the work, a critical analysis of the cited literature is presented, showing the insufficient development of the problem of treating patients with such tumors at the moment. In further clinical studies, it is necessary to clarify both the technical aspects when removing these tumors, and to work more deeply on the indications and contraindications for surgery in the group of these patients.
Transcranial focused ultrasound in neurosurgery: therapeutic possibilities and experimental studies
Authors: Skvortsova V. I. , Belousov V. V. , Dzhafarov V. M. , Senko I. V. , Krylov V. V. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. Since modern technologies have managed to bypass the bone barrier for ultrasound waves, the arsenal of neurosurgical instruments has been replenished with transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS). The combination of this method with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows you to perform operations under the direct control of the location of the focus of destruction and the degree of its severity during the procedure.Aim. To present a review of the literature on the modern application of the focused ultrasound under MRI control (MRgFUS) method in neurosurgery. Ultrasound has been used in medicine mainly for diagnostic purposes for decades. Modern technologies have led to the possibility of using ultrasound in neurosurgery for therapeutic purposes without open intervention. Today transcranial MRgFUS is an innovation in medicine, expanding the horizons of minimally invasive surgery. The conducted studies of the focused ultrasound method prove the effective treatment of tremor and a number of other pathologies, and many scientific projects represent promising areas.Conclusion. The use of the MRgFUS method opens up broad prospects.