bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of IgE with Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Carson Dennis A. , Kulczycki Anthony , Metzger Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat basophilic leukemia cells which bind rat IgE-release particulate material as they lose viability. This material appears to contain the surface receptors for IgE in their native form. Up to 80% of the receptor activity has been recovered in a fraction which contains only 4 to 5% of the total cellular protein.
Use of Radioimmunoassays to Determine the Concentration of Streptococcal Group-Specific Antibodies in Rabbit Antisera
Authors: Bernstein David , Klapper David G. , Krause Richard M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantitation of antibodies to the Group A, A-variant, and C carbohydrates in rabbit streptococcal antisera. The assay employs radiolabeled purified Group carbohydrate which has been tyrosylated to allow for incorporation of 125I. This assay has an advantage over the quantitative precipitin test because it measures non-precipitating antibody in addition to precipitating antibody. Furthermore, 7S anti-IgG in rabbit antisera give a falsely elevated value for the antibody concentration in the quantitative precipitin test. This did not occur with the radioimmunoassay. The assay described is reproducible, sensitive, and uses little antisera.
Identification and Some Properties of Rat Secretory Component
Authors: Vaerman Jean-Pierre , Heremans Joseph F. , Bazin Hervé , Beckers Andrée 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An antiserum, prepared against partially reduced and alkylated rat milk SIgA, was shown to contain antibodies reacting with a rat milk protein of α2 mobility, which possessed antigenic determinants common with SIgA, eluted from Sephadex G-200 at the same position as mammalian secretory components, and could be released from rat SIgA by mild reduction and alkylation. This protein, called rat secretory component, was also detected in saliva, tears and urine. Rat free secretory component (FSC) possessed antigenic determinants which were inaccessible in rat SIgA, as found in other species. In vitro, ra FSC combined with rat serum polymeric IgA or IgM, but not with monomeric IgA or IgG. These data emphasize the many similarities between the human and rat SIgA systems
Niridazole
Authors: Mahmoud Adel A. F. , Mandel Mark A. , Warren Kenneth S. , Webster Leslie T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Niridazole, a human anthelminthic drug, is shown to be a potent long-acting suppressor of delayed hypersensitivity. Much lower doses than used in the therapy of helminth infections suppressed granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs for periods up to 32 days and inhibited delayed footpad swelling in mice previously sensitized with eggs. Marked prolongation of skin allograft survival in mice across the H-2 area was produced. The drug is administered orally, has been used clinically on a massive scale, and appears to be relatively free of the cytotoxic effects of most immunosuppressive agents.
Adoptive Transfer of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE): Prevention of Successful Transfer by Treatment of Donors with Myelin Basic Protein
Authors: Driscoll Bernard F. , Kies Marian W. , Alvord Ellsworth C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After onset of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), guinea pigs can be effectively treated by injection with myelin basic protein (BP). In order to localize the site of action of BP, cells from sensitized donors treated with BP one, two, three, or four times after disease onset have been transferred to normal recipients. One injection of BP has no effect on ability of cells to transfer EAE. Two injections partially inhibit transfer. After the third and fourth injections the sensitized cells lose their capacity to transfer EAE. The therapeutic effect of BP previously demonstrated in actively sensitized guinea pigs must involve the specifically sensitized cells rather than the target organ.
Alloimmune Cytotoxic T Cells: Evidence that They Recognize Serologically Defined Antigens and Bear Clonally Restricted Receptors
Authors: Bevan Michael J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine T cells immunized with allogeneic cells exert a cytotoxic effect on appropriate target cells, as measured by 51Cr release. Lysis of the 51Cr-labeled target can be inhibited by addition to the assay of unlabeled cells which bear target antigens. With variants of lymphoid tumors which express different amounts of serologically defined H-2 antigens as competitors in the assay, a positive correlation is shown to exist between the amount of serologically defined antigen and the degree of inhibition of T cell-mediated lysis. The immunizing small lymphocytes are shown to be very poor inhibitors of 51Cr release from target cells which are more susceptible to T cell-mediated lysis. This is interpreted as showing that small lymphocytes are bound very poorly by cytotoxic T cells. With H-2 cross-over strains which carry only the H-2K or H-2D antigens which a cytotoxic population is directed against, it is shown that, 1) approximately equal amounts of cytotoxicity are directed against the K and D antigens, and 2) separate cytotoxic T cells recognize the K and D antigens. Thus, by this criterion, cytotoxic T cells are monospecific and therefore do not acquire their antigen-specific receptors cytophilically.
Blast Transformation of Rabbit B-Derived Lymphocytes by a Mitogen Extracted from Nocardia
Authors: Bona C. , Chedid L. , Damais C. , Ciorbaru R. , Shek P. N. , Dubiski S. , Cinader B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM) is known to stimulate mouse and rabbit lymphoid cells and to act selectively on murine B-derived lymphocytes. In this paper, evidence is presented that NWSM is also a mitogen for rabbit bursal equivalent cells and does not bring about blast transformation of thymus-derived rabbit cells. Pretreatment of rabbit spleen lymphocytes with antibody directed against rabbit thymus lymphocyte antigen (anti-RTLA serum) and with complement did not affect the strong increase of thymidine incorporation which follows stimulation with NWSM. The mitogen-induced polyclonal activation of antibody-forming cells and resulted in the presence of 30% of cells with the ultrastructural characteristics of plasmocytes. These observations led to the conclusion that NWSM is a mitogen for a B-derived lymphocyte of the rabbit.
Stimulation of a T-Independent Primary Anti-Hapten Response in Vitro by TNP-Lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS)
Authors: Jacobs Diane M. , Morrison David C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The trinitrophenyl hapten (TNP) has been covalently conjugated to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to give TNP-LPS. The site of attachment has been suggested to be in the core polysaccharide and lipid A region of the molecule and approximately 2.4 hapten molecules are bound per monomer LPS molecule. The TNP-LPS has been demonstrated to be immunogenic in vitro at very low concentration. This antigen has further been shown to initiate a T-independent TNP-PFC response. The immunogenicity of TNP-LPS is abrogated by mild alkaline hydrolysis, suggesting a requirement for intact lipid A in the initiation of an immune response at the very low concentrations of antigen used.
Rosette Formation by Canine Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Bowles Charles A. , White Gordon S. , Lucas Diane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The surface membrane characteristics of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes were investigated using erythrocyte (E) and erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC) rosette assays and immunofluorescent staining techniques. Canine thymus-derived lymphocytes formed nonimmune E rosettes with human and guinea pig erythrocytes at approximately the same percentages (mean percentage 36.3 and 32.4, respectively). Rosettes did not form with erythrocytes from seven other animal species. Cell surface immunoglobulins were demonstrable in a small percentage (4%) of the E rosette-forming lymphocyte population. Fragments of human erythrocytes inhibited E rosette formation by intact human red cells, but did not result in a significant decrease in rosette formation by intact guinea pig erythrocytes; likewise, guinea pig fragments had no inhibitory effect on rosette formation by human erythrocytes, demonstrating that separate receptors were required for the two red cell types. EAC rosette formation was not affected by addition of intact or fragmented human and guinea pig erythrocytes.
Canine bone marrow-derived lymphocytes were characterized by immunoglobulin on the cell surface and EAC rosette formation. Serial tests of lymphocytes from one dog revealed a wide variation in percentage of cells forming E and EAC rosettes. A close correlation was observed between the immunoglobulin-bearing cells (mean percentage 46.6) and those forming EAC rosettes (mean percentage 49.3).
The Primary Structure of a Human Lambda II Chain
Authors: Köhler Heinz , Rudofsky Susanna , Kluskens Larry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The human myeloma protein Boh (γ2, λ) was isolated and completely reduced and aminoethylated. The light chain was obtained by chromatography on Sephadex G-100 in 4 M guanidine HCl. The amino-terminal sequence on the blocked light chain could be determined by automatic sequence degradation after PCAase treatment. Twenty-one peptides were isolated from a tryptic digest and 12 peptides from a chymotryptic digest. The sequence determination on these peptides was performed by automatic sequencing methods. The light chain of Boh protein belongs to the λ II subgroup. Unique substitutions have been found at position 8 (Arg) and position 62 (Tyr). Furthermore, the Boh light chain has six cysteine residues, the additional (sixth) cysteine being adjacent to the invariable intrachain-S-S linking cysteine at position 91. Sequence comparison of λ II proteins reveals a high degree of homology emphasizing the biologic significance of the hypervariable region sequences.
Immune Specific Production of Interferon by Human T Cells in Combined Macrophage-Lymphocyte Cultures in Response to Herpes Simplex Antigen
Authors: Valle Martti J. , Bobrove Arthur M. , Strober Samuel , Merigan Thomas C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, highly enriched for T cells, were obtained by passing gravity-sedimented leukocytes through nylon wool columns. The eluted cells were cultured with autologous macrophages and the mixture was studied for its capacity to produce interferon in vitro in response to stimulation with herpes simplex virus antigen. The interferon produced by the combined macrophage-lymphocyte cultures was shown to depend upon the presence of T cells; elimination of these cells by treatment with an anti-T cell serum plus complement greatly diminished the amount of interferon produced. The memory for the immune-specific release of interferon also appeared to be carried by the T lymphocytes rather than the glass-adherent macrophages. Furthermore, the results suggest that under our conditions of culture immune-specific interferon originates from T cells.
Rabbit Peyer's Patches, Appendix, and Popliteal Lymph Node B Lymphocytes: A Comparative Analysis of Their Membrane Immunoglobulin Components and Plasma Cell Precursor Potential
Authors: Craig Susan W. , Cebra John J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have characterized and compared the differentiative potential of B lymphocytes obtained from rabbit appendix (APP), Peyer's patches (PP), and popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) by immunofluorescence analysis of membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) components, by radioiodination of membrane components followed by isolation and identification of cell surface Ig, and by cell transfer studies. As assessed by cell transfer, lymphoid cells from PP and APP appear to be highly enriched sources of IgA plasma cell precursors. In addition, these populations of lymphocytes have a small but significant potential to give rise to IgM and IgG plasma cells. In contrast, as shown previously (1), lymphocytes from PLN have a comparatively small potential to generate IgA plasma cells. The ability of cells from PLN and PP to give rise to plasma cells is correlated with the presence of 35 to 38% of lymphocytes from both sources having membrane light chain determinants detectable by immunofluorescent staining. When the cells were stained directly for µ chain determinants, about 33% of PLN cells and 28% of PP cells were positive. These latter percentages were shown to reflect cells bearing both endogenously synthesized b4 light chain and µ heavy chain. By indirect immunofluorescence, α and γ chain determinants were also detected on PP and PLN cells; however, these Ig did not appear to be products of the cells which bore them as they were not regenerated after removal of Pronase. It was further demonstrated that purified rabbit copro-sIgA and colostral sIgA are cytophilic for PP and PLN cells. The results are discussed with respect to the origin of IgA plasma cells and the postulated bursal role of mammalian gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
Strain Differences in Ease of Tolerance Induction to Bovine γ-Globulin: Dependence on Macrophage Function
Authors: Lukić Miodrag L. , Cowing Carol , Leskowitz Sidney 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
DBA/2 mice are highly susceptible while BALB/c mice are resistant to the induction of tolerance with ultracentrifuged BGG. As measured by the clearance of a test dose of 125I-BGG, 2 mg ultracentrifuged BGG is sufficient to induce complete tolerance in DBA/2 mice, while BALB/c mice exhibit a clearance rate similar to immune controls.
BALB/c mice pretreated with carrageenan (a macrophage toxic agent) lose their resistance to tolerance induction with 2 mg ultracentrifuged BGG, while treatment with cobra venom factor does not alter their resistance to tolerance induction.
Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system with BCG produces a reduction in the susceptibility to tolerance of DBA/2 mice. This effect is transitory, with the maximum effect 3 weeks after BCG infection.
Biologic filtration of BGG through BALB/c mice results in a preparation which is highly tolerogenic for recipient mice and this ability to filter the immunogenic portion of BGG is radioresistant.
The results provide evidence for the concept that the differential susceptibility to the induction of tolerance is related to a macrophage function in the inductive phase of immunity.
Dimeric and Monomeric Forms of HL-A Antigens Solubilized by Detergent
Authors: Cresswell Peter , Dawson Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
HL-A antigens solubilized by papain contain two non-covalently linked subunits, a 34,000 m.w. glycoprotein and an 11,000 m.w. protein (1–3), estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)2 gel electrophoresis. The glycoprotein exhibits differences in electrophoretic mobility depending on HL-A specificity (3) and probably bears the antigenic determinant (4). The small protein, when assessed by immunologic and electrophoretic techniques, is identical to β2-microglobulin (4–7), a protein found in serum and in elevated amounts in nephrotic urine, which is significantly homologous to the constant region domains of IgG (8, 9). Numerous studies with immunofluorescent techniques have recently shown that β2-microglobulin is also associated with HL-A antigens on the lymphocyte membrane (10–13), and partially purified HL-A antigens solubilized by detergents contain β2-microglobulin (7) together with a glycoprotein of molecular weight 43,000 to 44,000 (14). In this report, we present evidence that the detergent-solubilized HL-A-β2-microglobulin complex, both labeled with radioactive precursors and in large-scale unlabeled preparations, exists in part in a dimeric form.
Studies on the Inhibition of C5̄6̄-Induced Lysis (Reactive Lysis)
Authors: Baker Patricia J. , Lint Thomas F. , McLeod Bruce C. , Behrends Carole L. , Gewurz Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multiple polyanions and polycations were tested for their ability to influence formation of from C, C7, and sheep erythrocytes. Six of 11 polyanions tested, including polyanethol sulfonate, heparin, and dextran sulfate, inhibited this reaction. By contrast, polycations (five of seven tested), including polybrene, protamine, and polyornithine, potentiated formation of EC. The inhibition was similar to that previously described for anionic serum factors termed C-INH, while the potentiation seemed to involve neutralization of serum C-INH. Thus, this step of the complement attack mechanism seems amenable to modulation by certain polyelectrolytes, and may thereby be susceptible to pharmacologic manipulation.
Specific Susceptibility of Sensitized (Memory) B Cells to Suppression and Antigenic Alteration by Murine Leukemia Virus
Authors: Cerny Jan , Waner Elizabeth B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice infected with murine oncogenic RNA viruses, either Friend virus (FV) or Moloney leukemia virus (MuLV-M) reacted well to a primary immunization with antigen(s) of Vibrio cholerae; both the kinetics and magnitude of the direct (IgM) primary vibriolytic antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response in the spleen was the same as in non-infected control mice. In contrast, the anamnestic PFC (IgM) response of mice preimmunized with cholera and later (2 to 9 months following priming) infected with either FV or MuLV-M, before the secondary challenge, was inhibited 90% or more when compared to the anamnestic response of controls. Hemolytic PFC response to a single (primary) immunization with sheep red blood cells (sRBC, an antigen to which laboratory mice have a natural immune background) was suppressed by infection with both viruses in a manner similar to the suppression of the secondary vibriolytic response.
The suppressive effect of FV, and the lack of it, on these different immune responses was correlated with the appearance of FV-induced cell membrane antigen, FVMA, on respective individual PFC from the spleen. FVMA was detected by inhibition of PFC in the presence of specific antiserum, anti-FVMA, and complement (C).
In particular, about 80% of the FV-infected mice with an anamnestic response to a secondary challenge with cholera antigen had a significant decline in the proportion of PFC (33% or more) following incubation with anti-FVMA plus C. A similar degree of inhibition was found with hemolytic (anti-sRBC) PFC from FV-infected mice. In contrast, primary vibriolytic PFC from FV-infected mice were not inhibited by anti-FVMA, i.e., they did not carry the virus-induced antigen.
These results indicate absolute correlation between viral suppression of a given clone of immunocompetent cells, and antigenic alteration of individual antibody-forming cells due to the virus infection. Furthermore, the absence of both functional inhibition and virus-induced antigen(s) in the primary immunocompetent cells and the presence of both these virus-related functions in the memory cells (either experimentally sensitized cholera memory cells or naturally sensitized sRBC memory cells) strongly suggested that the latter are selectively susceptible to oncornavirus.
Affinity Chromatography of Human Leukocyte and Diploid Cell Interferons on Sepharose-Bound Antibodies
Authors: Berg Kurt , Ogburn Clifton A. , Paucker Kurt , Mogensen K. Erik , Cantell Kari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interferons produced in human peripheral leukocytes (LE) and foreskin fibroblast (FS-4) cells were subjected to affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound globulins from rabbits immunized with these interferons. Anti-LE interferon sera neutralized both interferons, but titers against FS-4 interferon were consistently lower than those against LE interferon. Anti-FS-4 interferon sera neutralized only FS-4 but not LE interferon. Accordingly, affinity columns constructed with anti-FS-4 globulin excluded LE but not FS-4 interferon, whereas those prepared with anti-LE interferon globulin bound and eluted both LE and FS-4 interferons. Purification of native interferons of both types on anti-LE interferon-Sepharose ranged from 680- to 3,600-fold and recoveries from 72 to 126%. Specific activities of eluate pools varied from 4 to 30 × 106 reference (B, 69/19) units per milligram protein.
Cleavage of the Third Complement Component (C3) and Generation of the Spasmogenic Peptide, C3a, in Human Serum Via the Properdin Pathway: Demonstration of Inhibitory As Well As Enhancing Effects of Epsilon-Amino-Caproic Acid
Authors: Vogt Walther , Schmidt Gisa , Lynen Rainer , Dieminger Lothar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human and guinea pig serum loses hemolytic activity of the third complement component (C3) during incubation at 37°C. The loss is due to specific C3 cleavage involving the properdin system. This is concluded from the finding that C3 inactivation is prevented by EDTA, by elimination of properdin factor B, and unimpaired in C4 deficient guinea pig serum.
In the presence of 1 M ε-amino-caproic acid (EACA) spontaneous C3 cleavage is considerably enhanced and accompanied by the appearance of biologically active C3a. Lower concentrations of EACA inhibit rather than enhance C3 cleavage in serum. The inhibitory effect of EACA is due to interference with the interaction of the properdin factors and their action on C3 as demonstrated in various systems: the assembly of an active C3-cleaving complex on zymosan, its regeneration after decay by factor D and factor B (GBG), cleavage of GBG by C3b and factor D in systems of purified components, and cleavage of C3 by preformed properdin complexes. Reactions involving the cobra venom factor were likewise depressed. In all these systems EACA was inhibitory even at 1 M concentration. No single step in the development or action of an active properdin system was found to be enhanced by 1 M EACA. The enhancing effect of high concentrations of EACA on C3 cleavage in serum may be explained by its observed inhibition of C3b inactivator (C3bINA). This factor controls the properdin system by destroying C3b. In serum the inhibitory effect of 1 M EACA on C3bINA appears to allow escape of the properdin system from its control and thus to increase its net activity toward C3 despite inhibition of the enzymic reactions proper. At lower concentrations the effect of EACA on C3bINA is apparently less significant; therefore, at low concentrations of EACA, its inhibitory effects on C3 cleavage by the properdin system in serum predominate.
In Vitro Response of Mouse Spleen Cells to the Solid Phase Immunogen DNP-O-Bio-Gel
Authors: Trump Gary N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vitro immunogenicity of the solid-phase hapten, dinitrophenyl-ornithine-Bio-Gel (DNP-O-Bio-Gel), was investigated in cultures of mouse spleen cells. Appropriate combinations of cells and immobilized hapten were determined. Large numbers of direct anti-hapten plaque-forming cells (PFC) were generated when 1 × 107 C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 spleen cells were cultured with 4 × 103 DNP-O-Bio-Gel beads. Specificity studies of the responses of cultured spleen cells to DNP-O-Bio-Gel yielded the following results: soluble DNP-ornithine or DNP-bovine γ-globulin inhibited the induction of anti-hapten PFC by DNP-O-Bio-Gel; neither dinitrophenyl-Bio-Gel (DNP-Bio-Gel) nor ornithine-Bio-Gel (O-Bio-Gel) induced anti-hapten responsiveness; furthermore, neither DNP-Bio-Gel nor O-Bio-Gel inhibited the induction of PFC by DNP-O-Bio-Gel. It was concluded, from the results of these specificity experiments, that a spacer, ornithine, is required for immunogenicity of immobilized DNP; and that the Bio-Gel bead, itself, acts solely as a physical carrier for the hapten.