bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic turbulence in EAST plasmas with internal transport barrier
Authors: Ma Yuehao , Zhang Bin , Bao Jian , Lin Z. , Zhang Wenlu , Cai Huishan , Li Ding 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Based on first-principles nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations, the electrostatic turbulence properties in the internal transport barrier (ITB) region of an Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak discharge (#93890) are investigated. Specifically, ITBs with steep density and temperature gradients are located in the weakly negative magnetic shear region at the plasma center. In the linear stage, the growth rate and frequency of the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode increase significantly due to resonant excitation by trapped electrons. That is, the resonance between trapped electrons and the ITG becomes strong due to the precession drift reversal of trapped electrons by the negative magnetic shear and Shafranov shift. Meanwhile, the trapped electron mode is stable in the ITB region due to only a very small fraction of electrons precessing in the direction of the electron diamagnetic drift. Nonlinear simulations show that, after considering the non-adiabatic effect of trapped electrons, the heat conductivity of ions and the turbulence intensity increase by at least a factor of 7 compared with the results only considering the adiabatic effect of electrons. The zonal charge density of trapped electrons can partially cancel that of ions, which weakens the intensity of the zonal flow, and consequently reduces the zonal flow regulation and enhances the turbulent transport.
Comment on ‘Backflow in relativistic wave equations’
Authors: Bracken A J , Melloy G F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Criticisms and a claim in the recent paper Backflow in relativistic wave equations by Bialynicki–Birula et al 2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
55 255702 are addressed, and it is emphasized again that the widely discussed phenomenon of quantum probability backflow has no classical counterpart. It is pointed out that backflow for the relativistic Dirac Equation has been treated in depth by us some years ago and by others since.
Reply to comments on ‘Backflow in relativistic wave equations’
Authors: Bialynicki-Birula Iwo , Bialynicka-Birula Zofia , Augustynowicz Szymon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present further arguments which show that the backflow has a universal character. It is not restricted to quantum theory and it appears in many theories (quantum or classical). It is a general property of waves propagating in any number of dimensions.
Curved surface measurement method using chromatic confocal sensor and tilt scanning
Authors: Wan Yifu , Guo Tong , Wu Sen , An Xinyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Large measurement ranges and curvature changes are characteristics of curved surfaces, making it difficult to measure their topography. In this study, a four-axis measurement system is developed, and a tilt scanning measurement method using a chromatic confocal sensor is proposed to measure curved surfaces. The measurement area is divided into different parts, in which the tilt scanning measurement is performed with different angles of the chromatic confocal sensor. After the scanning, the complete measurement data are restored by data processing and stitching. Compared with conventional scanning methods, the proposed method greatly expands the measurement range. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed measurement system and the tilt scanning measurement method is clearly verified by measuring a spherical specimen with a radius of 50 mm.
New evaluation method for the characterization of coatings by electroerosive alloying
Authors: Zhengchuan Zhang , Tarelnyk Viacheslav , Konoplianchenko Ievgen , Guanjun Liu , Hongyue Wang , Xin Du , Yao Ju , Zongxi Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe running-in coatings were formed on the surface of tin bronze QSn10-1 by electroerosive alloying (EEA) with soft antifriction materials such as silver, copper, Babbitt B83 and graphene oxide (GO). The mass transfer, surface roughness, coating thickness and dry friction coefficient of the running-in coatings were measured and analyzed by a precision electronic balance, three-dimensional optical profiler, metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and friction and wear tester. An evaluation indicator system for the characterization was constructed based on six factors, including material price, time, mass transfer, roughness, thickness and friction coefficient of the coatings by electroerosive alloying. The Shannon entropy method was used to calculate the weight of different indices, and a comprehensive evaluation method for running-in coatings performance was proposed by combining the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and a multicriteria decision-making technique. The TOPSIS model was employed for the comprehensive evaluation ranking of the characterization of the running-in coatings by electroerosive alloying.
Summary of the 10th Conference on Magnetically Confined Fusion Theory and Simulation (CMCFTS)
Authors: WANG Zhibin , QIU Zhiyong , WANG Lu , CHEN Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper gives a summary of the organization and the presentations delivered at the 10th Conference on Magnetically Confined Fusion Theory and Simulation (CMCFTS) held in Zhuhai, China, from 28th to 31st October 2022. The conference focused on the latest progress in the research of the magnetic confined fusion plasma theory and simulations, as well as the large-scale numerical simulation techniques developed in recent years. This conference is held both online and offline, with about 110 domestic participants from 18 institutes participating in the live conference, and the statistical data from the live broadcast platform indicated that the online conference attracted over 20 000 views per day. A summary of the conference is given, and the history of the CMCFTS is presented. A brief introduction to the poster section is also included in this paper.
Status and outlook for lithium-ion battery cathode material synthesis and the application of mechanistic modeling
Authors: Pardikar Kunal , Entwistle Jake , Ge Ruihuan , Cumming Denis , Smith Rachel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reviews different techniques available for the synthesis and modification of cathode active material (CAM) particles used in Li-ion batteries. The synthesis techniques are analyzed in terms of processes involved and product particle structure. The knowledge gap in the process-particle structure relationship is identified. Many of these processes are employed in other similar industries; hence, parallel insights and knowledge transfer can be applied to battery materials. Here, we discuss examples of applications of different mechanistic models outside the battery literature and identify similar potential applications for the synthesis of CAMs. We propose that the widespread implementation of such mechanistic models will increase the understanding of the process-particle structure relationship. Such understanding will provide better control over the CAM synthesis technique and open doors to the precise tailoring of product particle morphologies favorable for enhanced electrochemical performance.
Genetic risk, muscle strength and risk of incident major depressive disorder: results from the UK Biobank
Authors: Gu Yeqing , Zhang Tingjing , Wang Jinhan , Song Yanqi , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Zhang Shunming , Wang Xuena , Zhang Juanjuan , Lu Xinran , Liu Qiang , Huang Tao , Yang Jian , Niu Kaijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenetic factors and muscle strength both contribute to the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), but whether high muscle strength can offset the risk of MDD with different genetic risk is unknown. This study aims to examine whether a higher muscle strength is associated with lower risk of MDD regardless of genetic risk among middle-aged and older adults.MethodsThis cohort study obtained data from the UK Biobank, which includes 345,621 individuals aged 40–69 years (mean (standard deviation): 56.7 (7.99) years) without baseline MDD. Polygenic risk score for MDD was categorised as low, intermediate or high. The mean of the right- and left-hand grip strength values was used in the analysis and was divided into three categories.Results9,753 individuals developed MDD within 2,752,461 person-years of follow-up. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of MDD across increased grip strength categories were 1.00, 0.72 (0.68–0.75) and 0.56 (0.53–0.59) (P for trend &lt;0.0001). The HRs (95% CIs) of incident MDD across the genetic risk categories were 1.00, 1.11 (1.05–1.17) and 1.20 (1.13–1.28) (P for trend &lt;0.0001); 4.07% of individuals with a high genetic risk and low grip strength developed MDD, and 1.72% of individuals with a low genetic risk and high grip strength developed MDD, with an HR (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.39–0.50).ConclusionsBoth muscle strength and genetic risk were significantly associated with incident MDD. A higher muscle strength was associated with a lower MDD risk among individuals with a high genetic risk. Improving muscle strength should be encouraged for all individuals, including individuals with high genetic risk for MDD.
linemodels: clustering effects based on linear relationships
Authors: Pirinen Matti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSummaryEstimation of effects of multiple explanatory variables on multiple outcome measures has become routine across life sciences with high-throughput molecular technologies. The linemodels R-package allows a probabilistic clustering of variables based on their observed effect sizes on two outcomes.Availability and implementationAn open source implementation in R available at github.com/mjpirinen/linemodels.
Measuring What We Don't Know: Biodiversity Catalogs Reveal Bias in Taxonomic Effort
Authors: Gorneau Jacob A , Kulkarni Siddharth , Cala-Riquelme Franklyn , Esposito Lauren A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity catalogs are an invaluable resource for biological research. Efforts to scientifically document biodiversity have not been evenly applied, either because of charisma or because of ease of study. Spiders are among the most precisely cataloged and diverse invertebrates, having surpassed 50,000 described species globally. The World Spider Catalog presents a unique opportunity to assess the disproportionate documentation of spider diversity. In the present article, we develop a taxonomic ratio relating new species descriptions to other taxonomic activity as a proxy for taxonomic effort, using spiders as a case study. We use this taxonomic effort metric to examine biases along multiple axes: phylogeny, zoogeography, and socioeconomics. We also use this metric to estimate the number of species that remain to be described. This work informs arachnologists in identifying high-priority taxa and regions for species discovery and highlights the benefits of maintaining open-access taxonomic databases—a necessary step in overcoming bias and documenting the world's biodiversity.
Pathological combinations in neurodegenerative disease are heterogeneous and disease-associated
Authors: Robinson John L , Xie Sharon X , Baer Daniel R , Suh EunRan , Van Deerlin Vivianna M , Loh Nicholas J , Irwin David J , McMillan Corey T , Wolk David A , Chen-Plotkin Alice , Weintraub Daniel , Schuck Theresa , Lee Virginia M Y , Trojanowski John Q , Lee Edward B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pathologies that are causative for neurodegenerative disease (ND) are also frequently present in unimpaired, older individuals. In this retrospective study of 1647 autopsied individuals, we report the incidence of 10 pathologies across ND and normal ageing in attempt to clarify which pathological combinations are disease-associated and which are ageing-related. Eight clinically defined groups were examined including unimpaired individuals and those with clinical Alzheimer’s disease, mixed dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, probable Lewy body disease or probable tauopathies. Up to seven pathologies were observed concurrently resulting in a heterogeneous mix of 161 pathological combinations. The presence of multiple additive pathologies associated with older age, increasing disease duration, APOE e4 allele and presence of dementia across the clinical groups. Fifteen to 67 combinations occurred in each group, with the unimpaired group defined by 35 combinations. Most combinations occurred at a &lt;5% prevalence including 86 that were present in only one or two individuals. To better understand this heterogeneity, we organized the pathological combinations into five broad categories based on their age-related frequency: (i) ‘Ageing only’ for the unimpaired group combinations; (ii) ‘ND only’ if only the expected pathology for that individual’s clinical phenotype was present; (iii) ‘Other ND’ if the expected pathology was not present; (iv) ‘ND + ageing’ if the expected pathology was present together with ageing-related pathologies at a similar prevalence as the unimpaired group; and (v) ‘ND + associated’ if the expected pathology was present together with other pathologies either not observed in the unimpaired group or observed at a greater frequency. ND only cases comprised a minority of cases (19–45%) except in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (56%) and multiple system atrophy (65%) groups. The ND + ageing category represented 9–28% of each group, but was rare in Alzheimer’s disease (1%). ND + associated combinations were common in Alzheimer’s disease (58%) and Lewy body disease (37%) and were observed in all groups. The Ageing only and Other ND categories accounted for a minority of individuals in each group. This observed heterogeneity indicates that the total pathological burden in ND is frequently more than a primary expected clinicopathological correlation with a high frequency of additional disease- or age-associated pathologies.
Familial hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp associated with a novel heterozygous nonsense variant in CDSN
Authors: Rayinda Tuntas , McSweeney Sheila M , Lalagianni Nikolina , Liu Lu , Guy Alyson , Fenton David , Stefanato Catherine M , Dand Nick , McGrath John A , Tziotzios Christos 
Published: March 2023

This report describes a case of an 18-year-old white British woman with HTSS1, whose phenotype was characterized by the inability to grow long scalp hair. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic heterozygous nonsense variant (NM_001264.4: c.484C&gt;T, NP_001255.3: p.Gln162Ter) in CDSN, which encodes corneodesmosin. HTSS1, described in this patient’s case, showed distinct clinical and histopathological features, thereby expanding the genotype–phenotype paradigm of HTSS1.
Harnessing the power of memory-like NK cells to fight cancer
Authors: Foo Yun Yan , Tiah Angelina , Aung Shuh Wen 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells possess the innate ability to eliminate cancerous cells effectively.
Their crucial role in immunosurveillance has been widely recognized and exploited for therapeutic intervention. Despite the fast-acting nature of NK cells, NK adoptive cell transfer lacks favorable response in some patients. Patient NK cells often display diminished phenotype in preventing cancer progression resulting in poor prognosis. Tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in causing the downfall of NK cells in patients. The release of inhibitory factors by tumor microenvironment hinders normal function of NK cells against tumor. To overcome this challenge, therapeutic strategies such as cytokine stimulation and genetic manipulation are being investigated to improve NK tumor-killing capacity. One of the promising approaches includes generation of more competent NK cells via ex vivo cytokines activation and proliferation. Cytokine-induced ML-NK demonstrated phenotypic alterations such as enhanced expression of activating receptors which help elevate their antitumor response. Previous preclinical studies showed enhanced cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in ML-NK cells compared to normal NK cells against malignant cells. Similar effects are shown in clinical studies in which MK–NK demonstrated encouraging results in treating hematological cancer. However, there is still a lack of in-depth studies using ML-NK in treating different types of tumors and cancers. With convincing preliminary response, this cell-based approach could be used to complement other therapeutic modalities to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Heterogeneous effects of S100 proteins during cell interactions between immune cells and stromal cells from synovium or skin
Authors: Noack Mélissa , Miossec Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cell interactions represent an important mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. The key S100 proteins A8 and A9 have been studied in several models of chronic inflammatory diseases with highly heterogeneous conclusions. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the role of cell interactions on S100 protein production and their effect on cytokine production during cell interactions, between immune and stromal cells from synovium or skin. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured alone or with synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts, with or without phytohemagglutinin, exogenous A8, A9, A8/A9 proteins or anti-A8/A9 antibody. Production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, TNF, A8, A9, and A8/A9 was measured by ELISA. Cell interactions with synoviocytes had no effect on A8, A9, or A8/A9 secretion, while cell interactions with skin fibroblasts decreased A8 production. This highlights the importance of stromal cell origin. The addition of S100 proteins in co-cultures with synoviocytes did not increase the production of IL-6, IL-17, or IL-1β, except for an increase of IL-6 secretion with A8. The presence of anti-S100A8/A9 antibody did not show obvious effects. Low concentration or absence of serum in the culture medium decreased the production of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β but despite these conditions, the addition of S100 proteins did not increase cytokine secretion. In conclusion, the role of A8/A9 in cell interactions during chronic inflammation appears complex and heterogeneous, depending on multiple factors, notably the origin of stromal cells that can affect their secretion.
Secure and Efficient Masking of Lightweight Ciphers in Software and Hardware
Authors: Zhao Xuefeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Masking is a well used and widely deployed countermeasure against side channel attacks, both in software and hardware. With masking comes at a great cost, search has focused on how to lower a performance penalty or find efficient masking implementation. In particular, our contribution is 2-fold: for software masking, we first find bitsliced implementations of Sbox with Multiplicative Complexity 4 and Multiplicative Depth 2, then adapt the common shares approach introduced by Coron et al. at CHES 2016 to make many cross-products $a_{i}\cdot b_{j}$ can be reuse for parallel ISW-based 32-bit nonlinear operations. Therefore, we improve the efficiency of 2$\times b/4/32$ parallel high-order masking of ISW scheme for RECTANGLE, TANGRAM and KNOT on 32-bit ARM embedded microprocessor, with roughly a 13%-34% speed-up, at cost of $(1+d) \times 32$-bit randomness. For hardware masking, 4 bit cubic Sboxes with quadratic decomposition length 2, including RECTANGLE, TANGRAM, KNOT and LWC third-round candidates, can be implemented with a 3-share and 4-share threshold implementation (TI) by decomposing cubic permutations $S$ as a composition of sub-permutations having lower algebraic degrees. We use two decomposition form: one composition of two quadratic permutations $G$ and $F$, $S = F\circ G$, is for efficiency; the other composition of some linear permutations $A_i$ and one quadratic permutation $G$, $S=A_3 \circ G \circ A_2 \circ G \circ A_1 $, is for reducing the area requirements. For $S = F\circ G$, we introduce a new approach of searching through all possible quadratic permutations $G$ with 2$^{25.71}$, which is effcient than 2$^{26.23}$ in Poschmann et al. at J. Cryptol 2011. For $S=A_3 \circ G \circ A_2 \circ G \circ A_1 $, our approach of finding $A_i$ with complexity 2$^{27.71} $, which is effcient than the method introduced by Moradi et al. at ASIACRYPT 2016. In addition, we proposes a new decomposition that $S=G \circ A_2 \circ G \circ A_1 $. We can find the fastest and the smallest hard-ware decomposition implementation of 4-bit permutations for TI with 3 and 4 shares.
Neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest: what the cardiologist should know
Authors: Kondziella Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two aspects are a key to mastering prognostication of comatose cardiac arrest survivors: a detailed knowledge about the clinical trajectories of consciousness recovery (or lack thereof) and the ability to correctly interpret the results of multimodal investigations, which include clinical examination, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, evoked potentials, and blood biomarkers. While the very good and the very poor ends of the clinical spectrum typically do not pose diagnostic challenges, the intermediate ‘grey zone’ of post-cardiac arrest encephalopathy requires cautious interpretation of the available information and sufficiently long clinical observation. Late recovery of coma patients with initially ambiguous diagnostic results is increasingly reported, as are unresponsive patients with various forms of residual consciousness, including so-called cognitive motor dissociation, rendering prognostication of post-anoxic coma highly complex. The aim of this paper is to provide busy clinicians with a high-yield, concise overview of neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest, emphasizing notable developments in the field since 2020.
Support for evidence-based alcohol policy in Ireland: results from a representative household survey
Authors: Calnan Susan , Millar Seán R , Mongan Deirdre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability and there is a need for evidence-based policy measures to tackle excess alcohol consumption and related harms. The aim of this study was to examine attitudes towards alcohol control measures among the general public in the context of significant reforms undertaken in the Irish alcohol policymaking landscape.MethodsA representative household survey was conducted among individuals aged 18+ years in Ireland. Descriptive and univariate analyses were used.ResultsA total of 1069 participants took part (48% male) and there was broad support (&gt;50%) for evidence-based alcohol policies. Support was strongest for a ban on alcohol advertising near schools and creches (85.1%) and for warning labels (81.9%). Women were more likely than men to support alcohol control policy measures while participants with harmful alcohol use patterns were significantly less likely to support these measures. Respondents with a greater awareness of the health risks of alcohol showed higher levels of support, while those who had experienced harms due to other people’s drinking showed lower support compared with those who had not experienced such harms.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of support for alcohol control policies in Ireland. However, notable differences were found in levels of support according to sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol consumption patterns, knowledge of health risks and harms experienced. Further research on reasons behind public support towards alcohol control measures would be worthwhile, given the importance of public opinion in the development of alcohol policy.