bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are antidepressants effective in the treatment of depression in the elderly? A critical umbrella review on reviews, methods, and future perspectives
Authors: Hvidberg Michael F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe elderly are currently the most frequent users of antidepressants across ages, despite having a high risk of adverse effects (AEs). This literature review critically reviews the current evidence of the effectiveness of antidepressants and AEs in the elderly and discusses methodological limitations and future directions. Elements of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses and Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcomes guidelines were applied. Search in Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo/Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant systematic‐ and meta‐reviews on effectiveness and AEs studies. Ten reviews were identified and summarized within the last decade. Studies showed only modest superiorities to placebo in response rates if any, and only a few studies reached significant remission. Moreover, there was evidence of lower efficacy for patients over 65. AEs were common and problematic among the elderly in the studies reporting them. The evidence of the benefits of antidepressants in the elderly was weak and alternative treatments are advised. Despite the lack of clear evidence for the efficacy, UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines have not incorporated separate recommendations for the elderly.
A high magnetic field sensitivity PCF‐SPR sensor working in the near‐infrared wavelength band
Authors: Liu Zhiying , Li Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel form of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) magnetic field sensor, utilizing surface plasmon resonance, has been developed and investigated. By depositing a layer of gold onto the interior surface of the left‐sided air hole and introducing magnetic fluid into the aperture to detect magnetic field changes, the plasma resonance effect was ingeniously combined with a dual‐core PCF to achieve magnetic field measurement. The displacement of the loss peak in the output spectrum was observed to gain insights into the magnetic field changes. By means of modulations in the thickness of the gold film, and the spacing and size of the air holes, the optimal parameters for the sensor were obtained. The optimized sensor exhibited a maximum magnetic field sensitivity of up to 6.23 nm/Oe, and the magnetic field detection resolution was approximately 10 μT, enabling precise detection of weak magnetic fields. This fiber sensor boasts a simple structure, ease of production, high sensitivity, and robust environmental adaptability, making it an attractive option for implementation.
Robot‐assisted augmented reality surgical navigation based on optical tracking for mandibular reconstruction surgery
Authors: Shao Long , Li Xing , Fu Tianyu , Meng Fanhao , Zhu Zhihui , Zhao Ruiqi , Huo Minghao , Xiao Deqiang , Fan Jingfan , Lin Yucong , Zhang Tao , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThis work proposes a robot‐assisted augmented reality (AR) surgical navigation system for mandibular reconstruction. The system accurately superimposes the preoperative osteotomy plan of the mandible and fibula into a real scene. It assists the doctor in osteotomy quickly and safely under the guidance of the robotic arm.MethodsThe proposed system mainly consists of two modules: the AR guidance module of the mandible and fibula and the robot navigation module. In the AR guidance module, we propose an AR calibration method based on the spatial registration of the image tracking marker to superimpose the virtual models of the mandible and fibula into the real scene. In the robot navigation module, the posture of the robotic arm is first calibrated under the tracking of the optical tracking system. The robotic arm can then be positioned at the planned osteotomy after the registration of the computed tomography image and the patient position. The combined guidance of AR and robotic arm can enhance the safety and precision of the surgery.ResultsThe effectiveness of the proposed system was quantitatively assessed on cadavers. In the AR guidance module, osteotomies of the mandible and fibula achieved mean errors of 1.61 ± 0.62 and 1.08 ± 0.28 mm, respectively. The mean reconstruction error of the mandible was 1.36 ± 0.22 mm. In the AR‐robot guidance module, the mean osteotomy errors of the mandible and fibula were 1.47 ± 0.46 and 0.98 ± 0.24 mm, respectively. The mean reconstruction error of the mandible was 1.20 ± 0.36 mm.ConclusionsThe cadaveric experiments of 12 fibulas and six mandibles demonstrate the proposed system's effectiveness and potential clinical value in reconstructing the mandibular defect with a free fibular flap.
Updated consensus statement: Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders report of the AANEM ad hoc committee
Authors: Tavee Jinny , Brannagan Thomas H. , Lenihan Michael W. , Muppidi Sri , Kellermeyer Liz , D Donofrio Peter ,   AANEM
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is an immune‐modulating biologic therapy that is increasingly being used in neuromuscular disorders despite the paucity of high‐quality evidence for various specific diseases. To address this, the AANEM created the 2009 consensus statement to provide guidance on the use of IVIG in neuromuscular disorders. Since then, there have been several randomized controlled trials for IVIG, a new FDA‐approved indication for dermatomyositis and a revised classification system for myositis, prompting the AANEM to convene an ad hoc panel to update the existing guidelines.New recommendations based on an updated systemic review of the literature were categorized as Class I‐IV. Based on Class I evidence, IVIG is recommended in the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) in adults, multifocal motor neuropathy, dermatomyositis, stiff‐person syndrome and myasthenia gravis exacerbations but not stable disease. Based on Class II evidence, IVIG is also recommended for Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome and pediatric GBS. In contrast, based on Class I evidence, IVIG is not recommended for inclusion body myositis, post‐polio syndrome, IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and small fiber neuropathy that is idiopathic or associated with tri‐sulfated heparin disaccharide or fibroblast growth factor receptor‐3 autoantibodies. Although only Class IV evidence exists for IVIG use in necrotizing autoimmune myopathy, it should be considered for anti‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase myositis given the risk of long‐term disability. Insufficient evidence exists for the use of IVIG in Miller‐Fisher syndrome, IgG and IgA paraproteinemic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, chronic autoimmune neuropathy, polymyositis, idiopathic brachial plexopathy and diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy.
Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Cancer control and supportive care
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Sung Lillian , Brackett Julienne , Dupuis L. Lee , Fisher Brian T. , Grimes Allison , Miller Tamara P. , Ullrich Nicole J. , Dvorak Christopher C. ,   the Cancer Control and Supportive Care Committee
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of the Cancer Control and Supportive Care (CCL) Committee in the Children's Oncology Group (COG) is to reduce the overall morbidity and mortality of therapy‐related toxicities in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer. We have targeted five major domains that cause clinically important toxicity: (i) infections and inflammation; (ii) malnutrition and metabolic dysfunction; (iii) chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting; (iv) neuro‐ and oto‐toxicty; and (v) patient‐reported outcomes and health‐related quality of life. Subcommittees for each domain prioritize randomized controlled trials and biology aims to determine which strategies best mitigate the toxicities. The findings of these trials are impactful, informing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and directly leading to changes in the standard of care for oncology practice. With the development of new therapies, there will be new toxicities, and the COG CCL Committee is dedicated to developing interventions to minimize acute and delayed toxicities, lessen morbidity and mortality, and improve quality of life in pediatric and young adult patients with cancer.
Five‐Level Structural Hierarchy: Microfluidically Supported Synthesis of Core–Shell Microparticles Containing Nested Set of Dispersed Metal and Polymer Micro and Nanoparticles
Authors: Mazetyte Raminta , Kronfeld Klaus‐Peter , Köhler Johann Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study presents the development of a hierarchical design concept for the synthesis of multi‐scale polymer particles with up to five levels of organization. The synthesis of core–shell microparticles containing nested sets of dispersed metal and polymer micro‐ and nanoparticles is achieved through in situ photopolymerization using a double co‐axial capillaries microfluidic device. The flow rates of the carrier, shell, and core phases are optimized to control particle size and result in stable core–shell particles with well‐dispersed three‐level composites in the shell matrix. The robustness and reversibility of these core–shell particles are demonstrated through five cycles of drying and re‐swelling, showing that the size and structure of core–shell particles remain unchanged. Additionally, the permeability and mobility of dye molecules within the shell matrix are tested and showed that different molecular weight dyes have different penetration times. This study highlights the potential of microfluidics as a powerful tool for the controlled and precise synthesis of complex structured materials and demonstrates the versatility and potential of these core–shell particles for sensing applications as particle‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Accuracy of lung ultrasound in predicting extubation failure in neonates: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohsen Nada , Solis‐Garcia Gonzalo , Jasani Bonny , Nasef Nehad , Mohamed Adel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review and meta‐analyze the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound score (LUS) in predicting extubation failure in neonates.Study DesignMEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 30 November 2022, for studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in predicting extubation outcome in mechanically ventilated neonates.MethodologyTwo investigators independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy 2 tool. We conducted a meta‐analysis of pooled diagnostic accuracy data using random‐effect models. Data were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. We calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity, pooled diagnostic odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and area under the curve (AUC).ResultsEight observational studies involving 564 neonates were included, and the risk of bias was low in seven studies. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for LUS in predicting extubation failure in neonates were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75−0.88) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78−0.86), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 21.24 (95% CI: 10.45−43.19), and the AUC for LUS predicting extubation failure was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80−0.95). Heterogeneity among included studies was low, both graphically and by statistical criteria (I2 = 7.35%, p = 0.37).ConclusionsThe predictive value of LUS in neonatal extubation failure may hold promise. However, given the current level of evidence and the methodological heterogeneity observed, there is a clear need for large‐scale, well‐designed prospective studies that establish standardized protocols for lung ultrasound performance and scoring.RegistrationThe protocol was registered in OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZXQUT).
Effect of knack technique on vaginal laxity in multiparous women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hady Doaa A. Abdel , Kassem Abdel Rhman E. , Abdalla Hesham A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVaginal laxity defined according to the International Urogynecological Association/International Continence society is excessive vaginal looseness; it is one of the most common symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction, which refers to medical/functional disorders that can have a significant impact on a woman's sexual self‐esteem and sexual life.AimThis study aimed to determine the impact of the Knack Technique on Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and sexual function in women with vaginal laxity.MethodsThirty females complaining of vaginal laxity were randomly chosen from the outpatient clinic at Deraya University. Their ages varied from 35 to 45 years, their body mass index was 25–30 kg/m2, and a number of parities ≤ three normal vaginal deliveries and at least two years from the last delivery complaining about vaginal laxity, water entrapment, and loss of friction during sexual intercourse. They were randomized into two equal groups at random (A, B). Group A (15 females) received (PSTES) and group B (15 females) received (PSTES) and Knack Technique. Both the groups received three sessions per week for 2 months.EvaluationThe outcome measures were evaluated through pre‐ and post‐interventions by using ultrasonography imaging to assess PFM function, Sexual Satisfaction Index, and Vaginal Laxity Questionnaires (VLQ) to assess sexual function.ResultsAnalysis indicated a significant improvement in vaginal laxity in the two groups. Comparison between groups pre‐ and posttreatment showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups B and A in SSI and VLQ, while there were significant differences between the groups A and B in PFM force.ConclusionCombining Parasacral transcutaneous electrical stimulation (PSTES) and Knack Technique is more effective than PSTES alone in reducing vaginal laxity as well as improving PFM and sexual function in women with vaginal laxity.
Phosphorus‐Mediated Local Charge Distribution of N‐Configuration Adsorption Sites with Enhanced Zincophilicity and Hydrophilicity for High‐Energy‐Density Zn‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Wen , Xie Bin‐Bin , Yang Chen , Tian Cong , Yan Lei , Ning Jiqiang , Li Sha , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTailor‐made carbonaceous‐based cathodes with zincophilicity and hydrophilicity are highly desirable for Zn‐ion storage applications, but it remains a great challenge to achieve both advantages in the synthesis. In this work, a template electrospinning strategy is developed to synthesize nitrogen and phosphorous co‐doped hollow porous carbon nanofibers (N, P‐HPCNFs), which deliver a high capacity of 230.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, superior rate capability of 131.0 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, and a maximum energy density of 196.10 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 155.53 W kg−1. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) reveal that the introduced P dopants regulate the distribution of local charge density of carbon materials and therefore facilitate the adsorption of Zn ions due to the increased electronegativity of pyridinic‐N. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations indicate that the doped P species induce a series of polar sites and create a hydrophilic microenvironment, which decreases the impedance between the electrode and the electrolyte and therefore accelerates the reaction kinetics. The marriage of ex situ/in situ experimental analyses and theoretical simulations uncovers the origin of the enhanced zincophilicity and hydrophilicity of N, P‐HPCNFs for energy storage, which accounts for the faster ion migration and electrochemical processes.
Reconstruction of Highly‐Defective MgO and Exceptional Photochemical Activity on CO2 Upgrade in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Mengping , Zhang Ganbing , Ming Ruiqi , Fu Xin , Jiang Ruiyi , Tian Lihong , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDefects on metal oxide have attracted extensive attention in photo‐/electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, porous MgO nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies (Vos) and three‐coordinated oxygen atoms (O3c) at corners are reported, which reconstruct into defective MgCO3·3H2O exposing rich surface unsaturated ‐OH groups and vacancies to initiate photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and CH4. In consecutive 7‐cycle tests (each run for 6 h) in pure water, CO2 conversion keeps stable. The total production of CH4 and CO attains ≈367 µmol gcata−1 h−1. The selectivity of CH4 gradually increases from ≈3.1% (1st run) to ≈24.5% (4th run) and then remains unchanged under UV‐light irradiation. With triethanolamine (3.3 vol.%) as the sacrificial agent, the total production of CO and CH4 production rapidly increases to ≈28 000 µmol gcata−1 in 2 h reaction. Photoluminescence spectra reveal that Vos induces the formation of donor bands to promote charge carrier seperation. A series of trace spectra and theoretical analysis indicate Mg‐Vo sites in the derived MgCO3·3H2O are active centers, which play a crucial role in modulating CO2 adsorption and triggering photoreduction reactions. These intriguing results on defective alkaline earth oxides as potential photocatalysts in CO2 conversion may spur some exciting and novel findings in this field.
Molecular Engineering of AIE Photosensitizers for Inactivation of Rabies Virus
Authors: Bai Yujie , Yu Eric Y. , Liu Yongsai , Jin Hongli , Liu Xingqi , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Mengyao , Feng Na , Huang Pei , Zhang Haili , Kwok Ryan. T. K. , Xia Xianzhu , Li Yuanyuan , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Hualei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRabies is a zoonotic neurological disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) that is fatal to humans and animals. While several post‐infection treatment have been suggested, developing more efficient and innovative antiviral methods are necessary due to the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. To address this challenge, a strategy combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy, using a photosensitizer (TPA‐Py‐PhMe) with high type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability is proposed. This approach can inactivate the RABV by killing the virus directly and activating the immune response. At the cellular level, TPA‐Py‐PhMe can reduce the virus titer under preinfection prophylaxis and postinfection treatment, with its antiviral effect mainly dependent on ROS and pro‐inflammatory factors. Intriguingly, when mice are injected with TPA‐Py‐PhMe and exposed to white light irradiation at three days post‐infection, the onset of disease is delayed, and survival rates improved to some extent. Overall, this study shows that photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy open new avenues for future antiviral research.
Scalable Production of Catecholamine‐Densified MXene Coatings for Electromagnetic Shielding and Infrared Stealth
Authors: Deng Zhiming , Jiang Peizhu , Wang Zhenguo , Xu Li , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProcessing transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) inks into large‐area functional coatings expects promising potential for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared stealth. However, the coating performances, especially for scalable fabrication techniques, are greatly constrained by the flake size and stacking manner of MXene. Herein, the large‐area production of highly densified and oriented MXene coatings is demonstrated by engineering interfacial interactions of small MXene flakes with catecholamine molecules. The catecholamine molecules can micro‐crosslink MXene nanosheets, significantly improving the ink's rheological properties. It favors the shear‐induced sheet arrangement and inhibition of structural defects in the blade coating process, making it possible to achieve high orientation and densification of MXene assembly by either large‐area coating or patterned printing. Interestingly, the MXene/catecholamine coating exhibits high conductivity of up to 12 247 S cm−1 and ultrahigh specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 2.0 ×10 5 dB cm2 g−1, obviously superior to most of the reported MXene materials. Furthermore, the regularly assembled structure also endows the MXene coatings with low infrared emissivities for infrared stealth applications. Therefore, MXene/catecholamine coatings with ultraefficient EMI shielding and low infrared emissivity prove the feasibility of applications in aerospace, military, and wearable devices.
PM2.5 at a semi‐rural site near Beijing, China
Authors: Boman J. , Langer M. , Pei X. , Guo S. , Pathak R. K. , Gaita S. M. , Hu M. , Hallquist M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBreathing clean air is a human right still not accessible to everyone. In most of the world, the air is polluted, which affects both the environment and human health. To investigate the air pollution situation in a semi‐rural part of northern China, particles with a diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were collected in Changping, 40 km northwest of Beijing in May and June 2016. The particles were analyzed for mass, trace elements, and black carbon (BC). The mean PM2.5 mass was 49 μg/m3, ranging from 3.1 to 266 μg/m3. S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb were determined by Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). They constituted 4% of the PM2.5 mass, with BC adding another 3%. Enrichment factor evaluation identified S, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb as the main anthropogenic contributors to environmental impact. A pollution load index (PLI) of 0.03 showed that the site could not be considered as polluted by the trace elements in PM2.5. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for source apportionment of the PM2.5 content. The PMF analysis reveals that a mixture of mineral dust, fossil fuel combustion, industries, and salts were the main sources of air pollution. The non‐carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were assessed, and both show a small health risk in the short study period. Following the development of PM2.5 concentrations over time in this part of China shows a decreasing trend of PM2.5 pollution, which is promising for the future.
Schule und Schulleitung auf den Spuren des Neo-Institutionalismus
Authors: Jesacher-Rößler Livia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Kapitel soll zunächst noch einmal begründet werden, warum die Wahl der theoretischen Fundierung auf Zugänge aus dem Neo-Institutionalismus gefallen ist sowie eine Vorstellung der zentralen Konzepte dieser Theorie erfolgens. Historiographisch werden diese präzisiert, indem sie im Kontext des Forschungsstandes betrachtet und anschließend in Bezug auf Schulleitung bzw. Schulleitungshandeln diskutiert werden.
Uplift and towers of states in warped throat
Authors: Seo Min-Seok 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We investigate the connection between the distance conjecture and the uplift potential. For this purpose, we consider the concrete model, the warped deformed conifold embedded into Type IIB flux compactifications, with the uplift potential produced by $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes at the tip of the throat. Whereas the various mass scales associated with towers of states can be found, it turns out that the lightest tower mass scale satisfies the scaling behavior with respect to the uplift potential, which is meaningful provided the number of $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes is nonzero. This indicates that the effective theory becomes invalid in the vanishing limit of the uplift potential by the descent of an infinite tower of states from UV, as predicted in the distance conjecture. Since too large uplift potential is also problematic due to the runaway behavior of the moduli potential as well as the sizeable backreaction of $$ \overline{\textrm{D}3} $$

D
3

¯

-branes, the uplift potential is bounded from both above and below. In the simple model like the KKLT or the large volume scenario in which non-perturbative effect is dominatd by the single term, this bound can be rewritten as the bound on the size of the superpotential.