bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mental health and behaviour problems among adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liverpool Shaun , Prescod Jamal , Pereira Brent , Trotman Catherine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Children and young people (CYP) from low-and-middle-income and developing countries are at risk of poor mental health and wellbeing. Yet these regions are generally under-resourced in terms of mental health services. As a first step to inform service planning and delivery in the English-speaking Caribbean we pooled the available evidence to estimate the prevalence of common mental health problems.

Methods
A comprehensive search of CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, LILACS, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by grey literature searches was performed until January 2022. Studies conducted in the English-speaking Caribbean that reported prevalence estimates of mental health symptomology or diagnoses in CYP were included. The Freeman-Tukey transformation was applied to calculate the weighted summary prevalence under a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were also performed to observe emerging patterns in the data. Studies were quality assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Checklist and the GRADE approach. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021283161.

Results
33 publications from 28 studies representing 65,034 adolescents from 14 countries met the eligibility criteria. Prevalence estimates ranged from 0.8 to 71.9% with most subgroup estimates between 20 and 30%. The overall pooled prevalence of mental health problems was 23.5% (95% CI 0.175–0.302; I2 = 99.7%). There was limited evidence of significant variation in prevalence estimates among subgroups. The quality of the body of evidence was judged as moderate.

Conclusion
It is estimated that between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 adolescents in the English-speaking Caribbean experience symptoms of mental health problems. These findings highlight the importance of sensitisation, screening, and provision of appropriate services. Ongoing research identifying risk factors and validating outcome measures is also needed to inform evidence-based practice.
Two Faces of Responsibility for Beliefs
Authors: Luvisotto Giulia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe conception of responsibility for beliefs typically assumed in the literature mirrors the practices ofaccountabilityfor actions. In this paper, I argue that this trend leaves a part of what it is to be responsible unduly neglected, namely the practices ofattributability.After offering a diagnosis for this neglect, I bring these practices into focus and develop a virtue-theoretic framework to vindicate them. I then investigate the specificity of the belief case and conclude by resisting two challenges, namely that attributability cannot amount to genuine responsibility and that it can be reduced to a sort of accountability.
Raw driving data of passenger cars considering traffic conditions in Semnan city
Authors: Azadi Mohammad , Malekan Ali , Shahsavand Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes raw driving data of passenger cars in the city of Semnan in Iran, with the objective of understanding the impact of traffic conditions at different times of day (morning, noon, evening, and night). For this study, two cars, the Toyota Prius and the Peugeot Pars (or the IKCO Persia), were used, and the data of speed, longitude, latitude, and altitude of the vehicles were acquired. This data was collected over a week (July 21–28, 2022) for a distance of 670 km (13 hr), with the help of the Global Positioning System application, and were presented for both cars. In addition to this, the data on fuel consumption and average speed, based on the Electronic Control Unit in the Prius, was also collected. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done on the features of the raw data, based on the Principal Component Analysis method.
Reducing the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections at an inpatient rehabilitation facility: A quality improvement project
Authors: Walker Clayton R. , Jacob Jerry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), including catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), increased significantly across the country. This report describes a quality improvement project aimed at reducing the incidence of CAUTIs at an inpatient rehabilitation facility.
Examining associations between genetic and neural risk for externalizing behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Brislin Sarah J. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Meyers Jacquelyn M. , Kamarajan Chella , Plawecki Martin H. , Edenberg Howard J. , Kuperman Samuel , Tischfield Jay , Hesselbrock Victor , Anokhin Andrey P. , Chorlian David B. , Schuckit Marc A. , Nurnberger John I. , Bauer Lance , Pandey Gayathri , Pandey Ashwini K. , Kramer John R. , Chan Grace , Porjesz Bernice ,   COGA Collaborators, Dick Danielle M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearchers have identified genetic and neural risk factors for externalizing behaviors. However, it has not yet been determined if genetic liability is conferred in part through associations with more proximal neurophysiological risk markers.MethodsParticipants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a large, family-based study of alcohol use disorders were genotyped and polygenic scores for externalizing (EXT PGS) were calculated. Associations with target P3 amplitude from a visual oddball task (P3) and broad endorsement of externalizing behaviors (indexed via self-report of alcohol and cannabis use, and antisocial behavior) were assessed in participants of European (EA; N = 2851) and African ancestry (AA; N = 1402). Analyses were also stratified by age (adolescents, age 12–17 and young adults, age 18–32).ResultsThe EXT PGS was significantly associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors among EA adolescents and young adults as well as AA young adults. P3 was inversely associated with externalizing behaviors among EA young adults. EXT PGS was not significantly associated with P3 amplitude and therefore, there was no evidence that P3 amplitude indirectly accounted for the association between EXT PGS and externalizing behaviors.ConclusionsBoth the EXT PGS and P3 amplitude were significantly associated with externalizing behaviors among EA young adults. However, these associations with externalizing behaviors appear to be independent of each other, suggesting that they may index different facets of externalizing.
The co-occurrence of manic and depressive dimensions in early psychosis: a latent transition analysis
Authors: Ramain Julie , Abrahamyan Empson Lilith , Alameda Luis , Solida Alessandra , Elowe Julien , Mebdouhi Nadir , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrequently associated with early psychosis, depressive and manic dimensions may play an important role in its course and outcome. While manic and depressive symptoms can alternate and co-occur, most of the studies in early intervention investigated these symptoms independently. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the co-occurrence of manic and depressive dimensions, their evolution and impact on outcomes.MethodsWe prospectively studied first-episode psychosis patients (N = 313) within an early intervention program over 3 years. Based on latent transition analysis, we identified sub-groups of patients with different mood profiles considering both manic and depressive dimensions, and studied their outcomes.ResultsOur results revealed six different mood profiles at program entry and after 1.5 years follow-up (absence of mood disturbance, co-occurrence, mild depressive, severe depressive, manic and hypomanic), and four after 3 years (absence of mood disturbance, co-occurrence, mild depressive and hypomanic). Patients with absence of mood disturbance at discharge had better outcomes. All patients with co-occurring symptoms at program entry remained symptomatic at discharge. Patients with mild depressive symptoms were less likely to return to premorbid functional level at discharge than the other subgroups. Patients displaying a depressive component had poorer quality of physical and psychological health at discharge.ConclusionsOur results confirm the major role played by mood dimensions in early psychosis, and show that profiles with co-occurring manic and depressive dimensions are at risk of poorer outcome. An accurate assessment and treatment of these dimensions in people with early psychosis is crucial.
Proinflammatory indicators and the relevance of echocardiography in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Yagci Ovgu Ozenli , Sulu Ayşe , Kosger Pelin , Yildirim Gonca Kilic , Anil Hulya , Ucar Birsen , Harmanci Koray 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the life expectancy improves in cystic fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction is becoming an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Here, the association of cardiac dysfunction with proinflammatory markers and neurohormones between cystic fibrosis patients and healthy children was investigated. Echocardiographic measurements of right and left ventricular morphology and functions together with levels of proinflammatory markers and neurohormones (renin, angiotensin-II, and aldosterone) were obtained and analysed in a study group of 21 cystic fibrosis children aged 5–18 years and compared with age- and gender-matched healthy children. It was shown that patients had significantly higher interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, renin and aldosterone levels (p < 0.05), dilated right ventricles, decreased left ventricle sizes, as well as both right and left ventricular dysfunction. These echocardiographic changes correlated with hypoxia, interleukin-1 α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and aldosterone (p < 0.05) levels. The current study revealed that hypoxia, proinflammatory markers, and neurohormones are major determinants of subclinical changes in ventricular morphology and function. While the right ventricle anatomy was affected by cardiac remodeling, the left ventricle changes were induced by right ventricle dilation and hypoxia. A significant but subclinical systolic and diastolic right ventricle dysfunction in our patients was associated with hypoxia and inflammatory markers. Systolic left ventricle function was affected by hypoxia and neurohormones. Echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method that is used safely in cystic fibrosis children for screening and detection of cardiac anatomical and functional changes. Extensive studies are needed to determine the time and frequency of screening and treatment suggestions for such changes.
Development of the data registry for the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative
Authors: Sadhwani Anjali , Sood Erica , Van Bergen Andrew H. , Ilardi Dawn , Sanz Jacqueline H. , Gaynor J. William , Seed Michael , Ortinau Cynthia M. , Marino Bradley S. , Miller Thomas A. , Gaies Michael , Cassidy Adam R. , Donohue Janet E. , Ardisana Amy , Wypij David , Goldberg Caren S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChildren with congenital heart disease (CHD) can face neurodevelopmental, psychological, and behavioural difficulties beginning in infancy and continuing through adulthood. Despite overall improvements in medical care and a growing focus on neurodevelopmental screening and evaluation in recent years, neurodevelopmental disabilities, delays, and deficits remain a concern. The Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was founded in 2016 with the goal of improving neurodevelopmental outcomes for individuals with CHD and pediatric heart disease. This paper describes the establishment of a centralised clinical data registry to standardize data collection across member institutions of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. The goal of this registry is to foster collaboration for large, multi-centre research and quality improvement initiatives that will benefit individuals and families with CHD and improve their quality of life. We describe the components of the registry, initial research projects proposed using data from the registry, and lessons learned in the development of the registry.
The popular Algerian barley landraces Saïda and Tichedrett are autochthonous – evidence from RAPD, SSR and agrophenological markers
Authors: Guetteche Hamama , Jarrar Ali Akram , Khiyel Ines , Djekkoun Narimane , Rouabah Leila , Rouabah Abdelkader , Benbelkacem Abdelkader , Nick Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe characterisation of traditional barley varieties from North Africa is promising with respect to detect traits linked with resilience to drought. Nine Algerian barley varieties comprising the economically relevant local landraces Saïda183 and Tichedrett were genotyped by random amplifying polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to get insight into their phylogenetic relationship and to compare the efficiency of the two approaches. The SSR markers were chosen such that all chromosomes of barley were represented by at least one marker. In addition, a principal component analysis (PCA) of morpho-agronomical traits was conducted. We found that the phylogeny based on the RAPD markers reflected the geographical distribution of the tested varieties, while the phylogeny based on the SSR markers reflected the pedigree. Among the RAPD markers, the maximal polymorphism information content was obtained for BY14 with a value of 0.82, for the SSR markers, Bmg13 was most informative with a value of 0.60. The similarity matrix used to the construct the phylogenetic tree, inferred a close relationship (Jaccard Index 0.8 based on RAPD markers) between the accessions Fouara and Oued-Athmania occurring in close vicinity. The SSR markers group the autochthonous varieties Saïda183 and Tichedrett together with a Jaccard Index of 0.8. The close phylogenetic relationship between Saïda183 and Tichedrett is also supported by the PCA of morphological and agronomic traits. Our data underpin the diversity of Algerian barley varieties and lend support to the autochthonous origin of these two Algerian landraces.
Uncertainty Analysis Related to Beach Morphology and Storm Duration for More Reliable Early Warning Systems for Coastal Hazards
Authors: Garzon J. L. , Plomaritis T. A. , Ferreira Ó. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly warning systems (EWSs) for coastal erosion are cost‐effective instruments for risk reduction. Among other aspects, the selection of the pre‐storm beach morphology and the definition of storm characteristics can affect EWS reliability. Here, XBeach simulations were used to assess the uncertainties in beach‐dune erosion related to the variability of storm severity and duration and pre‐storm morphology. Wave height return periods (from 5 to 50 years) determined the severity and the duration variability was established from confidence intervals after an adjustment with wave height. The variability of steep profiles included different berm morphologies (from fully developed to eroded berms). Three indicators, relative eroded volume, proportional berm retreat and proportional dune retreat, were evaluated. The experiments revealed that: (a) Relative eroded volume uncertainties related to the pre‐storm morphology variability were slightly lower (maximum 8%) than the uncertainties related to storm duration (11%–18%). (b) Pre‐storm profile variability can induce large uncertainties in the proportional berm retreat (up to 88%) for moderate events such as the 5‐ and 10‐year events. Storm duration variability had less influence on this indicator (maximum 12%). (c) The uncertainties in the proportional dune retreat increased with storm severity and they ranged between 14% and 41% for pre‐storm profile variability and between 2% and 40% for storm duration variability. Duration variability even governed the occurrence of dune breaching on eroded berm profiles in the most extreme event. Hence, the uncertainties related to initial/forcing conditions, namely pre‐storm morphology and storm duration, must be assessed to develop reliable coastal erosion EWSs.
Outcomes of a hypertension care program based on task-sharing with private pharmacies: a retrospective study from two blocks in rural India
Authors: Das Hemanshu , Sachdeva Ashish , Kumar Harish , Krishna Ashish , Moran Andrew E. , Pathni Anupam K. , Sharma Bhawna , Singh Bhanu P. , Ranjan Manish , Deo Sarang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow density of formal care providers in rural India results in restricted and delayed access to standardized management of hypertension. Task-sharing with pharmacies, typically the first point of contact for rural populations, can bridge the gap in access to formal care and improve health outcomes. In this study, we implemented a hypertension care program involving task-sharing with twenty private pharmacies between November 2020 and April 2021 in two blocks of Bihar, India. Pharmacists conducted free hypertension screening, and a trained physician offered free consultations at the pharmacy. We calculated the number of subjects screened, initiated on treatment (enrolled) and the change in blood pressure using the data collected through the program application. Of the 3403 subjects screened at pharmacies, 1415 either reported having a history of hypertension or had elevated blood pressure during screening. Of these, 371 (26.22%) were enrolled in the program. Of these, 129 (34.8%) made at least one follow-up visit. For these subjects, the adjusted average difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the screening and follow-up visits was −11.53 (−16.95 to −6.11, 95% CI) and −4.68 (−8.53 to −0.82, 95% CI) mmHg, respectively. The adjusted odds of blood pressure being under control in this group during follow-up visits compared to screening visit was 7.07 (1.29 to 12.85, 95% CI). Task-sharing with private pharmacies can lead to early detection and improved control of blood pressure in a resource-constrained setting. Additional strategies to increase patient screening and retention rates are needed to ensure sustained health benefits.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in children with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Korczowski Bartosz , Farrell Colm , Falone Mark , Blackman Nicole , Rodgers Trudy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency is the primary cause of anemia in children. Intravenous (IV) iron formulations circumvent malabsorption and rapidly restore hemoglobin.

Methods
This Phase 2, non-randomized, multicenter study characterized the safety profile and determined appropriate dosing of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in children with iron deficiency anemia. Patients aged 1–17 years with hemoglobin <11 g/dL and transferrin saturation <20% received single IV doses of undiluted FCM 7.5 mg/kg (n = 16) or 15 mg/kg (n = 19).

Results
The most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse event was urticaria (in three recipients of FCM 15 mg/kg). Systemic exposure to iron increased in a dose-proportional manner with approximate doubling of mean baseline-corrected maximum serum iron concentration (157 µg/mL with FCM 7.5 mg/kg; and 310 µg/mL with FCM 15 mg/kg) and area under the serum concentration–time curve (1901 and 4851 h·µg/mL, respectively). Baseline hemoglobin was 9.2 and 9.5 g/dL in the FCM 7.5 and 15 mg/kg groups, respectively, with mean maximum changes in hemoglobin of 2.2 and 3.0 g/dL, respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, FCM was well tolerated by pediatric patients. Improvements in hemoglobin were greater with the higher dose, supporting use of the FCM 15 mg/kg dose in pediatric patients (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02410213).

Impact

This study provided information on the pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in children and adolescents.

In children aged 1–17 years with iron deficiency anemia, single intravenous doses of ferric carboxymaltose 7.5 or 15 mg/kg increased systemic exposure to iron in a dose-proportional manner, with clinically meaningful increases in hemoglobin.

The most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse event was urticaria.

The findings suggest that iron deficiency anemia in children can be corrected with a single intravenous dose of ferric carboxymaltose and support use of a 15 mg/kg dose.
Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer
Authors: Xue Chen , Yao Qinfan , Gu Xinyu , Shi Qingmiao , Yuan Xin , Chu Qingfei , Bao Zhengyi , Lu Juan , Li Lanjuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT–related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.
General framework for E(3)-equivariant neural network representation of density functional theory Hamiltonian
Authors: Gong Xiaoxun , Li He , Zou Nianlong , Xu Runzhang , Duan Wenhui , Xu Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe combination of deep learning and ab initio calculation has shown great promise in revolutionizing future scientific research, but how to design neural network models incorporating a priori knowledge and symmetry requirements is a key challenging subject. Here we propose an E(3)-equivariant deep-learning framework to represent density functional theory (DFT) Hamiltonian as a function of material structure, which can naturally preserve the Euclidean symmetry even in the presence of spin–orbit coupling. Our DeepH-E3 method enables efficient electronic structure calculation at ab initio accuracy by learning from DFT data of small-sized structures, making the routine study of large-scale supercells (>104 atoms) feasible. The method can reach sub-meV prediction accuracy at high training efficiency, showing state-of-the-art performance in our experiments. The work is not only of general significance to deep-learning method development but also creates opportunities for materials research, such as building a Moiré-twisted material database.