bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular arrhythmias recorded on 12-lead ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring in healthy volunteer athletes and controls: what is common and what is not
Authors: Graziano Francesca , Mastella Giulio , Merkely Bela , Vago Hajnalka , Corrado Domenico , Zorzi Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Premature ventricular beats (PVBs) in athletes are often benign, but sometimes they may be a sign of an underlying disease. We evaluated the prevalence, burden, and morphology of PVBs in healthy voluntary athletes and controls with the main purpose of defining if certain PVB patterns are ‘common’ and ‘training related’ and, as such, are more likely benign.

Methods and results
We studied 433 healthy competitive athletes [median age 27 (18–43) years, 74% males] and 261 age- and sex-matched sedentary subjects who volunteered to undergo 12-lead 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring (24H ECG), with a training session in athletes. Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) were evaluated in terms of their number, complexity [i.e. couplet, triplet, or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT)], exercise inducibility, and morphology. Eighty-six percent of athletes and controls exhibited a total of ≤10 PVBs/24 h, and &gt;90% did not show any couplets, triplets, or runs of NSVT &gt; 3 beats. An higher number of PVBs correlated with increasing age (P &lt; 0.01) but not with sex and level of training. The most frequent morphologies among the 36 athletes with &gt;50 PVBs were the infundibular (44%) and fascicular (22%) ones. In a comparison between athletes and sedentary individuals, and male and female athletes, no statistically significant differences were found in PVBs morphologies.

Conclusion
The prevalence and complexity of VAs at 24H ECG did not differ between athletes and sedentary controls and were not related to the type and amount of sport or sex. Age was the only variable associated with an increased PVB burden. Thus, no PVB pattern in the athlete can be considered ‘common’ or ‘training related’.
Model Organism Modifier (MOM): a user-friendly Galaxy workflow to detect modifiers from genome sequencing data using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Maroilley Tatiana , Rahit K M Tahsin Hassan , Chida Afiya Razia , Cotra Filip , Rodrigues Alves Barbosa Victoria , Tarailo-Graovac Maja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Genetic modifiers are variants modulating phenotypic outcomes of a primary detrimental variant. They contribute to rare diseases phenotypic variability, but their identification is challenging. Genetic screening with model organisms is a widely used method for demystifying genetic modifiers. Forward genetics screening followed by whole genome sequencing allows the detection of variants throughout the genome but typically produces thousands of candidate variants making the interpretation and prioritization process very time-consuming and tedious. Despite whole genome sequencing is more time and cost-efficient, usage of computational pipelines specific to modifier identification remains a challenge for biological-experiment-focused laboratories doing research with model organisms. To facilitate a broader implementation of whole genome sequencing in genetic screens, we have developed Model Organism Modifier or MOM, a pipeline as a user-friendly Galaxy workflow. Model Organism Modifier analyses raw short-read whole genome sequencing data and implements tailored filtering to provide a Candidate Variant List short enough to be further manually curated. We provide a detailed tutorial to run the Galaxy workflow Model Organism Modifier and guidelines to manually curate the Candidate Variant Lists. We have tested Model Organism Modifier on published and validated Caenorhabditis elegans modifiers screening datasets. As whole genome sequencing facilitates high-throughput identification of genetic modifiers in model organisms, Model Organism Modifier provides a user-friendly solution to implement the bioinformatics analysis of the short-read datasets in laboratories without expertise or support in Bioinformatics.
Loneliness, Purpose in Life, and Protective Behaviors: Examining Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships in Older Adults Before and During COVID-19
Authors: Ma Xin , Yang Yin , Lin Tong , Zhang Yan , Zheng En 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Existing literature on the effects of psychological resources on health-protective behaviors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other contexts has focused heavily on cross-sectional relationships. Informed by self-determination theory, the current study aims to overcome this limitation by investigating the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships among loneliness, purpose in life, and protective behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. older adults.

Methods
This study uses data from the 2016 and 2020 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal panel study of older adults in the United States. The working sample size was 2,649. A path model and a cross-lagged panel model were applied for the analyses.

Results
Purpose in life fully mediated the negative impact of loneliness on protective behaviors when measured cross-sectionally. Moreover, prepandemic loneliness was associated with a decrease in purpose in life over time. On the other hand, prepandemic purpose in life was associated with a decrease in loneliness and an increase in protective behaviors over time.

Discussion
Our cross-sectional finding on the mediating role of purpose in life reveals a psychological mechanism useful for future interventions. Furthermore, the longitudinal influence of prepandemic loneliness on purpose in life deserves both scholarly and clinical attention. Most importantly, the longitudinal effects of purpose in life on loneliness and protective behaviors provide guidance for preparing older adults during normal times to cope with loneliness and to comply more with recommended measures during future health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic).
Pathways from Men’s Shed engagement to wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and lower loneliness
Authors: McEvoy Peter M , Holmes Kirsten , Smith Brendan J , Bullen Jonathan , Chiu Vivian W , Wild James , Ashley Jaxon , Talbot Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Extensive qualitative evidence, but limited quantitative evidence, indicates that mutual aid organizations such as Men’s Sheds have positive impacts on wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and loneliness. A recently developed theoretical model proposes that Men’s Sheds may have these impacts via mediating factors such as broadening social networks, increasing behavioural activation and physical activity, reducing alcohol use, and providing meaning in life. The aim of this study was to quantitatively test a model whereby psychological safety (feeling safe, accepted, and valued) is associated with Men’s Shed engagement (frequency of attendance, duration of membership, diversity of activities), which is associated with the hypothesized mediators, which, in turn, are associated with wellbeing, health-related quality of life, and loneliness. Men’s Shed members (N = 333, Mage = 70.90 years, SD = 10.34, 98% male) completed a survey assessing the factors in the model. The hypothesized path model provided an excellent fit to the data. Findings indicated that higher psychological safety was associated with higher engagement, which, in turn, was associated with larger social networks and more meaning in life, which were associated with higher wellbeing and lower loneliness. Higher behavioural activation and less alcohol use were also associated with higher wellbeing. Higher Men’s Shed engagement was not associated with higher behavioural activation and physical activity, or less alcohol use, but behavioural activation and alcohol use were directly associated with health-related quality of life. Implications for optimizing health outcomes within Men’s Sheds are discussed.
Profitable settlements: the earl of Warwick and toleration in the English Atlantic, 1643–8
Authors: Fradkin Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines the tolerationist policies of Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick, in response to religious disputes among English settlers in Bermuda and Rhode Island in the 1640s. It shows how Warwick’s newly established Committee for Foreign Plantations extended toleration to those godly Protestant settlers who were deemed useful to the militant confessional program of English colonization that Warwick and his allies had pursued for decades prior to the civil war. The territorial and evangelical expansion of Reformed Protestantism, in his view, depended upon the toleration of godly settlers, the enslavement of African-descended labourers and the subjection of ﻿Indigenous American nations to English sovereignty.
Geographic and Population Distributions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–1 and HIV-2 Circulating Subtypes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis (2010–2021)
Authors: Williams Alexandria , Menon Sonia , Crowe Madeleine , Agarwal Neha , Biccler Jorne , Bbosa Nicholas , Ssemwanga Deogratius , Adungo Ferdinard , Moecklinghoff Christiane , Macartney Malcolm , Oriol-Mathieu Valerie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
HIV poses significant challenges for vaccine development due to its high genetic mutation and recombination rates. Understanding the distribution of HIV subtypes (clades) across regions and populations is crucial. In this study, a systematic review of the past decade was conducted to characterize HIV-1/HIV-2 subtypes.

Methods
A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and CABI Global Health, yielding 454 studies from 91 countries.

Results
Globally, circulating recombinant forms (CRFs)/unique recombinant forms (URFs) accounted for 29% of HIV-1 strains, followed by subtype C (23%) and subtype A (17%). Among studies reporting subtype breakdowns in key populations, 62% of HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and 38% among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) were CRF/URFs. Latin America and the Caribbean exhibited a 25% increase in other CRFs (excluding CRF01_AE or CRF02_AG) prevalence between 2010–2015 and 2016–2021.

Conclusions
This review underscores the global distribution of HIV subtypes, with an increasing prevalence of CRFs and a lower prevalence of subtype C. Data on HIV-2 were limited. Understanding subtype diversity is crucial for vaccine development, which need to elicit immune responses capable of targeting various subtypes. Further research is needed to enhance our knowledge and address the challenges posed by HIV subtype diversity.
Prevalence of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer and Noncancer Controls and Relation to Behavioral Factors
Authors: Al-Soneidar Walid A , Harper Sam , Coutlée François , Gheit Tarik , Tommasino Massimo , Nicolau Belinda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause head and neck cancer (HNC), which is increasing in incidence in developed countries. We investigated the prevalence of alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ) HPVs among HNC cases and controls, and their relationship with sociodemographic, behavioral, and oral health factors.

Methods
We obtained oral rinse and brush samples from incident HNC cases (n = 369) and hospital-based controls (n = 439) and tumor samples for a subsample of cases (n = 121). We genotyped samples using polymerase chain reaction with PGMY09–PGMY11 primers and linear array for α-HPV and type-specific multiplex genotyping assay for β-HPV and γ-HPV. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were obtained from interviews.

Results
The prevalence of α-, β-, and γ-HPV among controls was 14%, 56%, and 24%, respectively, whereas prevalence among cases was 42%, 50%, and 33%, respectively. Prevalence of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, increased with increase in sexual activity, smoking, and drinking habits. No HPV genus was associated with oral health. Tumor samples included HPV genotypes exclusively from the α-genus, mostly HPV-16, in 80% of cases.

Conclusions
The distribution of α- and γ-HPV, but not β-HPV, seems to vary based on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. We did not observe the presence of cutaneous HPV in tumor tissues.
Vaccine Take of RV3-BB Rotavirus Vaccine Observed in Indonesian Infants Regardless of HBGA Status
Authors: Donato Celeste M , Handley Amanda , Byars Sean G , Bogdanovic-Sakran Nada , Lyons Eleanor A , Watts Emma , Ong Darren S , Pavlic Daniel , At Thobari Jarir , Satria Cahya Dewi , Nirwati Hera , Soenarto Yati , Bines Julie E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) status may affect vaccine efficacy due to rotavirus strains binding to HBGAs in a P genotype–dependent manner. This study aimed to determine if HBGA status affected vaccine take of the G3P[6] neonatal vaccine RV3-BB.

Methods
DNA was extracted from stool samples collected in a subset (n = 164) of the RV3-BB phase IIb trial in Indonesian infants. FUT2 and FUT3 genes were amplified and sequenced, with any single-nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed to infer Lewis and secretor status. Measures of positive cumulative vaccine take were defined as serum immune response (immunoglobulin A or serum-neutralizing antibody) and/or stool excretion of RV3-BB virus. Participants were stratified by HBGA status and measures of vaccine take.

Results
In 147 of 164 participants, Lewis and secretor phenotype were determined. Positive vaccine take was recorded for 144 (97.9%) of 147 participants with the combined phenotype determined. Cumulative vaccine take was not significantly associated with secretor status (relative risk, 1.00 [95% CI, .94–1.06]; P = .97) or Lewis phenotype (relative risk, 1.03 [95% CI, .94–1.14]; P = .33), nor was a difference observed when analyzed by each component of vaccine take.

Conclusions
The RV3-BB vaccine produced positive cumulative vaccine take, irrespective of HBGA status in Indonesian infants.
Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections among children with cancer or post-haematopoietic stem cell transplant: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: López-Cubillos Juan F , Díaz Alejandro , Cárdenas Vicky C , Camacho-Moreno German , Cantor Erika , Arcila Eliana M , Hurtado Isabel C , Correa Adriana M , Tierradentro Tatiana M , Ramirez Oscar , Portilla Carlos A , Aponte-Barrios Nelson , López Pio , Torres Daniela , Bustos-Paz Mario , Bravo Ana M , Escobar Janeth J , Calle Juan P , Dávalos Diana M , López-Medina Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Risk factors for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections among children with cancer or post-HSCT have not been thoroughly explored.

Methods
All children with cancer or post-HSCT who developed Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in two cancer referral centres in major Colombian cities between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively examined. When the infection episode occurred, carbapenem resistance mechanisms were evaluated according to the available methods. Data were divided in a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). Three internally validated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) prediction models were created: a multivariate logistic regression model, and two data mining techniques. Model performances were evaluated by calculating the average of the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.

Results
A total of 285 Enterobacterales bloodstream infection episodes (229 carbapenem susceptible and 56 carbapenem resistant) occurred [median (IQR) age, 9 (3.5–14) years; 57% male]. The risk of CRE was 2.1 times higher when the infection was caused by Klebsiella spp. and 5.8 times higher when a carbapenem had been used for ≥3 days in the previous month. A model including these two predictive variables had a discriminatory performance of 77% in predicting carbapenem resistance. The model had a specificity of 97% and a negative predictive value of 81%, with low sensitivity and positive predictive value.

Conclusions
Even in settings with high CRE prevalence, these two variables can help early identification of patients in whom CRE-active agents are unnecessary and highlight the importance of strengthening antibiotic stewardship strategies directed at preventing carbapenem overuse.
Variance component estimates for growth traits in beef cattle using selected variants from imputed low-pass sequence data
Authors: Russell Chad A , Kuehn Larry A , Snelling Warren M , Kachman Stephen D , Spangler Matthew L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A beef cattle population (n = 2,343) was used to assess the impact of variants identified from the imputed low-pass sequence (LPS) on the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters of birth weight (BWT) and post-weaning gain (PWG). Variants were selected based on functional impact and were partitioned into four groups (low, modifier, moderate, high) based on predicted functional impact and re-partitioned based on the consequence of mutation, such as missense and untranslated region variants, into six groups (G1-G6). Each subset was used to construct a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) for univariate animal models. Multiple analyses were conducted to compare the proportion of additive genetic variation explained by the different subsets individually and collectively, and these estimates were benchmarked against all LPS variants in a single GRM and array (e.g., GeneSeek Genomic Profiler 100K) genotypes. When all variants were included in a single GRM, heritability estimates for BWT and PWG were 0.43 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.05, respectively. Heritability estimates for BWT ranged from 0.10 to 0.42 dependent on which variant subsets were included. Similarly, estimates for PWG ranged from 0.05 to 0.38. Results showed that variants in the subsets modifier and G1 (untranslated region) yielded the highest heritability estimates and were similar to the inclusion of all variants, while estimates from GRM containing only variants in the categories High, G4 (non-coding transcript exon), and G6 (start and stop loss/gain) were the lowest. All variants combined provided similar heritability estimates to chip genotypes and provided minimal to no additional information when combined with chip data. This suggests that the chip single nucleotide polymorphisms and the variants from LPS predicted to be less consequential are in relatively high linkage disequilibrium with the underlying causal variants as a whole and sufficiently spread throughout the genome to capture larger proportions of additive genetic variation.
Plant water limitation and its impact on the oviposition preferences of the monarch butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Diethelm Aramee C , Kost Konnor E , Pringle Elizabeth G 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntensifying drought conditions across the western United States due to global climate change are altering plant–insect interactions. Specialist herbivores must find their host plants within a matrix of nonhosts, and thus often rely upon specific plant secondary chemistry for host location and oviposition cues. Climate-induced alterations to plant chemistry could thus affect female selection of larval food plants. Here, we investigated whether host-plant water limitation influenced oviposition preference in a threatened invertebrate: the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). We found that females deposited more eggs on reduced-water than on well-watered narrowleaf milkweed plants (Asclepias fascicularis), but we could not attribute this change to any specific change in plant chemistry. Specialist herbivores, such as the monarch butterfly, which are tightly linked to specific plant cues, may experience shift in preferences under global-change conditions. Understanding oviposition preferences will be important to directing ongoing habitat restoration activities for this declining insect.
Metrics and Considerations for Evaluating How Forest Treatments Alter Wildfire Behavior and Effects
Authors: Vorster Anthony G , Stevens-Rumann Camille , Young Nicholas , Woodward Brian , Choi Christopher Tsz Hin , Chambers Marin E , Cheng Antony S , Caggiano Michael , Schultz Courtney , Thompson Matthew , Greiner Michelle , Aplet Greg , Addington Robert N , Battaglia Mike A , Bowker Daniel , Bucholz Ethan , Buma Brian , Evangelista Paul , Huffman David , Mueller Stephanie , Rhoades Charles , Romme William H , Sánchez Meador Andrew J , Tinkham Wade T , Tuten Matt , West Fordham Amanda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The influence of forest treatments on wildfire effects is challenging to interpret. This is, in part, because the impact forest treatments have on wildfire can be slight and variable across many factors. Effectiveness of a treatment also depends on the metric considered. We present and define human–fire interaction, fire behavior, and ecological metrics of forest treatment effects on wildfire and discuss important considerations and recommendations for evaluating treatments. We demonstrate these concepts using a case study from the Cameron Peak Fire in Colorado, USA. Pre-fire forest treatments generally, but not always, experienced reduced burn severity, particularly when surface fuels were reduced. Treatments in the Cameron Peak Fire have also been documented as increasing tree survivorship, aiding suppression efforts, promoting firefighter safety, and influencing fire spread. However, the impacts of pre-fire management on primary landscape-scale objectives, like watershed protection, are unknown. Discussions about the influence of pre-fire treatments on fire effects must define the indicator(s) being assessed, as the same treatment may be considered successful under one measure but not others. Thus, it is critical to bring a common language and understanding to conversations about treatment effects and advance efforts to evaluate the range of treatment effects, thus supporting treatment planning.
Old poisons, new signaling molecules: the case of hydrogen cyanide
Authors: Díaz-Rueda Pablo , Morales de los Ríos Laura , Romero Luis C , García Irene 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The high phenotypic plasticity developed by plants includes rapid responses and adaptations to aggressive or changing environments. To achieve this, they evolved extremely efficient mechanisms of signaling mediated by a wide range of molecules, including small signal molecules. Among them, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been largely ignored due to its toxic characteristics. However, not only is it present in living organisms, but it has been shown that it serves several functions in all kingdoms of life. Research using model plants has changed the traditional point of view, and it has been demonstrated that HCN plays a positive role in the plant response to pathogens independently of its toxicity. Indeed, HCN induces a response aimed at protecting the plant from pathogen attack, and the HCN is provided either exogenously (in vitro or by some cyanogenic bacteria species present in the rhizosphere) or endogenously (in reactions involving ethylene, camalexin, or other cyanide-containing compounds). The contribution of different mechanisms to HCN function, including a new post-translational modification of cysteines in proteins, namely S-cyanylation, is discussed here. This work opens up an expanding ‘HCN field’ of research related to plants and other organisms.
Determination of Light-Induced Deformation Characteristics of the Director Field of Nematic Liquid Crystal by Combining the Methods of Aberrational Self-Action of Light Beam and Polarization Microscopy
Authors: Budagovsky Ivan , Kuznetsov Aleksey , Shvetsov Sergey , Smayev Mikhail , Zolot’ko Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLight-induced director field deformation of a nematic liquid crystal in the field of an obliquely incident laser beam is experimentally studied with aberrational self-action and polarization microscopy. Each of the methods has features associated with the geometry of the light interaction with the director. The combination of methods significantly expands the possibilities of reconstructing the light-induced nonlinear phase shift profile and the director field deformation.