bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND USE OF ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS IN THE OLDER DRIVER POPULATION
Authors: Louis Renee St , Eby David , Kostyniuk Lidia , Molnar Lisa , Zakrajsek Jennifer , Zanier Nicole , Yung Raymond , Nyquist Linda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in the older driver population has suggested the potential for ADAS to improve safety and driving comfort by helping aging drivers overcome functional declines commonly experienced in later-life. However, attaining anticipated ADAS benefits is dependent upon drivers’ awareness, understanding, and use of ADAS in their own vehicles. Questionnaire data from 2,374 older drivers enrolled in the AAA LongROAD study were analyzed to investigate changes in the prevalence and use of 15 ADAS and how participants learned to use these technologies. From baseline to Year 3, the prevalence of each ADAS significantly increased, with the greatest percentage point increase being for backup/parking assist technology (from 41.5% to 58.8%). The prevalence of one or more ADAS in participants’ vehicles increased from 59.0% to 72.0%, and the average number of ADAS per vehicle increased from 2.0 to 3.3. At both baseline and Year 3, approximately one-third of participants reported always using the ADAS available in their vehicle, but nearly one-quarter reported never using their ADAS. The largest proportion of participants at both baseline and Year 3 reported learning to use ADAS by figuring it out by themselves (45.5% and 50.8%, respectively), yet approximately 12.0% of participants at both time points reported never learning to use ADAS. To achieve the expected benefits of ADAS for older drivers, research is needed to better understand why ADAS are not being use more frequently when available, and to develop acceptable and accessible programs for training older adults to use ADAS.
THE ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP FACTORS IN HARMFUL CAREGIVER BEHAVIORS: OLDER CHILDREN CARING FOR PARENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Gallagher Elizabeth , Boerner Kathrin , Kim Yijung , Kim Kyungmin , Jopp Daniela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Elder abuse by family caregivers is an often-overlooked phenomenon that affects many older adults. Especially, retirement-aged children caring for their oldest-old parents with dementia may be at greater risk of engaging in harmful or abusive behaviors, given their own age-related health issues and other competing caregiving demands. Most of the elder abuse literature has focused on general demographic predictors of elder abuse, regarding the caregiver, care recipient, and the care environment. Less attention has been paid towards relationship factors, which may play a large role among these parent-child dyads. This study examined how relationship factors are associated with potentially harmful caregiver behaviors (PHCB; e.g., screaming), which have been identified as “early warning signs” for elder abuse. Relationship factors of interest include positive and negative relationship quality measured by caregivers’ mean scores on the support and conflict subscales on the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI). We conducted in-depth interviews with 88 caregivers (65+) who are caring for their parents with dementia (90+) as the part of the Boston Aging Together Study. Regression models revealed that relationship conflict was significantly associated with higher levels of PHCB, accounting for caregiver, care recipient, and care environment characteristics. The creation of screeners to identify “high conflict” care dyads could prove useful in the early detection and intervention of potential elder abuse cases, given that caregivers may be more willing to report negative aspects of their relationship (e.g., fighting) than more obviously harmful or abusive behaviors.
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A NOVEL MEASURE OF FINANCIAL ABUSE OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Hancock David , Pillemer Karl , Burnes David , Czaja Sara , Lachs Mark 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Elder abuse, or mistreatment affects at least 1 in 10 older adults. Financial abuse, or exploitation, of older adults is among the most commonly reported forms of abuse. Few validated measures exist to measure this construct. We aim to present a new psychometrically validated measure of financial abuse of older adults.Research Design and

Methods
Classical test theory and item response theory methodologies were used to examine a five-item measure of financial abuse of older adults, administered as part of the New York State Elder Mistreatment Survey.

Results
Factor analysis revealed a single factor best fits the data, which we labeled as financial abuse. Moreover, IRT analyses revealed that these items discriminated well between abused and non-abuse persons and provided information at high levels of the latent trait θ, as is expected in cases of abuse. Discussion and Implications: The FIVE has acceptable psychometric properties and has been used successfully in large scale survey research. We recommend this measure as an indicator of financial abuse in elder abuse, or mistreatment prevalence research studies.
COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF PM2.5 EXPOSURE FROM MID-LIFE TO EARLY OLD AGE
Authors: Franz Carol , Tu Xin , Qin Yongmei , Elman Jeremy , Fennema-Notestine Christine , DeAnda Jaden , Wu Tsung-Chin , Kremen William 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a notable public health hazard with adverse effects on multiple health outcomes as well as with increased risk of developing cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and related dementias. Few studies examine associations between air pollution exposure in midlife or the transition from midlife to old age. We examined associations between exposure in midlife and cognitive functioning in early old age in ~800 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Measures included PM2.5 and NO2 exposure in the three years prior to the time 1 (mean age 56; range 51-61) assessment, and cognitive performance in 5 domains at time 1 and time 2 (mean age 68; range 65-72). Analyses adjusted for multiple health and lifestyle covariates. Cognitive performance in all domains was worse at age 68 than at age 56. There was a main effect of midlife PM2.5 on verbal fluency; greater PM2.5 exposure was associated with worse fluency. This association was at a trend level for NO2. In addition, we found significant PM2.5-by-APOE genotype interactions. Increased exposure to PM2.5 in midlife was related to lower executive function and working memory performance in APOE-ε4 carriers, but not non-carriers. Both early executive deficits and APOE-ε4 status have been associated with increased risk for progression to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The present results indicate that midlife PM2.5 exposure in men is an additional factor contributing to poorer frontal-executive function, and that APOEε4 carriers are more susceptible to the deleterious effects of PM2.5.
ROLE OF HOME ENVIRONMENT IN LTSS USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE US
Authors: Sahoo Shalini 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults have shown increasing preference towards having help and health care in the comfort of their own homes rather than in an institutional setting. Research suggests that about 1 in 5 older adults with limitations in activities of daily living report needing more help than they receive. There is insufficient research examining how home inaccessibility and disorder relates to LTSS use for community-dwelling older adults in the U.S. This study addresses a gap in the literature by directly examining the relationship between home environment quality and LTSS use for a national sample of older adults. Data was analyzed from round eight (2018) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), an epidemiological panel study of nationally representative Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older living in the communities (n = 4,806). The final analytic sample included respondents with valid data on all variables (n = 4,265). Community dwelling adults with greater home accessibility had lower odds of having two or more LTSS caregivers, compared to the counterpart with lower home accessibility (OR = 0.246, SE = 0.094, p &lt; 0.01). However, poor housing conditions had lower odds of having two or more LTSS caregivers (OR = 0.333, SE = 0.156, p &lt; 0.05). Community-dwelling older adults who have accessible and organized homes are more likely to be independent and are less likely to depend on LTSS caregiving. Policies to improve home environment quality could benefit both older adults and those who care for them.
THE IMPACTS OF WILDFIRES ON OLDER ADULTS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: De Fries Carson , Melton Colleen , Smith Rebecca , Mason Lisa Reyes 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate change is leading to worsening disasters that disproportionately impact certain populations, including older adults (Benevolenza & DeRigne, 2019). Older adults are more likely to encounter life-threatening challenges during disaster evacuation, less likely to receive disaster warnings, and more likely to experience greater financial losses following disasters (Acierno et al., 2006). While research has begun to measure these disparities, there is a gap in examining the effects of wildfire-specific disasters, which are increasing in intensity and severity (Hoover & Hanson, 2020). To examine this gap, scoping review methodology was used to analyze peer-reviewed studies of how wildfires affect older adults by looking at impacts and the disaster recovery cycle (i.e., preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation). Authors screened 263 titles and abstracts, and 138 were reviewed in full. Eighty-one studies were included for data extraction and analysis. Preliminary findings illustrate that most literature focuses on the health impacts that older adults endure during and following wildfires, with a specific focus on the short and long-term effects of smoke and poor air quality on respiratory health. While previous literature has cited a need for community response strategies that incorporate the needs of older adults, few findings addressed firsthand experiences of older adults during a wildfire event. However, one unique finding was the incorporation of Aboriginal and Indigenous Elders’ knowledge into fire management strategies. While recommendations for incorporating the needs of older adults into policy planning were briefly mentioned, most articles focused on problem scope rather than evaluating potential solutions.
ADAPTING STAKEHOLDER WALKABILITY/WHEELABILITY AUDIT TOOL IN NEIGHBORHOOD FOR SENSORY AND COGNITIVE DISABILITIES
Authors: Seetharaman Kishore , Mahmood Atiya , Disini Bridget , Jenkins Hailey-Thomas , Prescott Mike , Rikhtehgaran Farinaz , Mortensen W Ben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neighbourhood accessibility influences health, social inclusion, and overall wellbeing of older adults. It is important to assess neighbourhood accessibility in relation to the diverse needs and challenges brought on by the intersection of aging and disability, particularly sensory and cognitive disabilities. Given the paucity of neighbourhood audit tools tailored for this population, The user-led Stakeholders’ Walkability/Wheelability Audit in Neighbourhoods (SWAN) tool was originally created for people with mobility disabilities and is now being adapted for seniors with sensory and cognitive disabilities to evaluate functionality, safety, appearance, supportive features, and social aspects in their neighbourhoods. In this paper, we present highlights and key takeaways from the process of adapting the SWAN tool for three user groups: people living with 1) Blindness or low vision, 2) Deafness and hearing loss, and 3) Dementia. Key steps in the iterative tool adaptation process include 1) identifying access needs/challenges for the three user groups based on a literature review, 2) online consultation with stakeholders with lived and/or professional experience (N = 4) to prioritize key access needs/challenges that will be captured through the SWAN tool and review draft versions of the tool, and 3) in-person pilot testing of tools with persons with lived experience (N = 2) in two urban/suburban neighbourhoods in British Columbia, Canada. Reflections of team members and input from stakeholders and pilot participants revealed issues that were addressed in tool development, namely 1) length of audit and participant fatigue, 2) legibility of tool, and 3) tailoring audit to participants’ context and needs.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UPPER EXTREMITY FUNCTION AND ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH COPD
Authors: Asghari Mehran , Ruiz Martha , Peña Miguel , Johnson Haley , Parthasarathy Sairam , Toosizadeh Nima 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States. COPD adverse outcomes are required to identify vulnerable patients and enhance bronchodilator therapies. Although the 6-minute walk distance test is commonly used to assess functional capacity in COPD and predict adverse outcomes, it is not feasible for older adults with mobility impairments. Previously, we demonstrated that a simple upper-extremity function (UEF) test could identify frailty and cognitive impairment. We developed two indexes to predict the physical frailty (20-s rapid arm test) and cognitive impairment (60-s normal speed dual-task arm test and counting) among older adults. UEF tests were performed by 76 eligible older adults (age=67.421±6.363). All participants were followed up for one month to record the adverse outcomes. The measured health outcomes included: in-hospital outcomes (death, complication, and excessive length of stay), and 30-day outcomes (30-day death or readmission). Based on the results, 54% and 30% of patients had in-hospital and longitudinal adverse outcomes, respectively. The frailty index was significantly associated with all measured outcomes (p&lt; 0.018). However, cognitive score showed significant association only with 30-day longitudinal outcomes (p&lt; 0.021), but not for in-hospital outcomes (p&gt;0.05). Among all the associations the highest effect size was observed between frailty score and longitudinal outcomes (p&lt; 0.007; effect size=0.94). The results of this study suggest that a 20-s UEF test is a practical quick measure for predicting adverse in-hospital and 30-day outcomes among COPD patients.
METABOLOMIC PROFILES FOR THE EXPLORATION OF BIOMARKERS IN SEVERE SARCOPENIA AMONG OLDER MEN
Authors: Shin Hyung Eun , Kim Miji , Lee Daehyun , Jang Jae Young , Won Chang Won 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is complex and multifactorial; however, it has not been fully elucidated. This preliminary study explored novel biomarkers of severe sarcopenia through a metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites in community-dwelling older men. Twenty older men (mean age: 81.9±2.8 years) were randomly selected from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Participants with severe sarcopenia were compared to healthy, age-, and body mass index-matched controls (n = 10 each). Severe sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Non-targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma metabolites was performed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the 191 plasma metabolic peaks, 10 metabolites differed significantly between healthy controls and participants with severe sarcopenia. The plasma concentrations of l-alanine, homocitrulline, n-acetylserine, gluconic acid, n-acetylalanine, proline, and sulfotyrosine were higher, while the concentrations of 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and tryptophan were lower in participants with severe sarcopenia than in healthy controls (all, p &lt; 0.05). Of the 57 metabolites quantified in target metabolites, L-alanine (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.760, p = 0.049), gluconic acid (AUC = 0.800, p = 0.023), proline (AUC = 0.785, p = 0.031), and tryptophan (AUC = 0.800, p = 0.023) predicted the presence of severe sarcopenia. In conclusion, plasma metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant changes in amino acid, arginine, proline, and pentose phosphate metabolism in participants with severe sarcopenia. The identified metabolites could be helpful in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia.
THE POWER OF DAUGHTERS: THE ROLE OF SIBSHIP GENDER COMPOSITION IN MOTHER-ADULT CHILD RELATIONS
Authors: Frase Robert , Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan , Kincaid Reilly , Stepniak Catherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior scholarship demonstrates that older mothers receive more care from daughters, prefer daughters as caregivers, and have stronger emotional bonds with daughters. Despite these clear gendered differences in care, care preferences, and closeness, less is known about whether the presence of daughters in a family affects mother-adult son relationships or whether the presence of sons in a family affects mother-adult daughter relationships. Drawing from theories of gender socialization and social exchange, we propose that mothers would, given the choice between daughters and sons, prefer to receive care from and engage in emotional exchanges with daughters. Therefore, we predict sons’ care to and emotional closeness with older mothers will be inversely related to the number of daughters in the family. We test our hypotheses with mixed-method data from 1,577 mother-adult child dyads nested within 420 families collected as part of the Within-Family Differences Study-II. Findings support our hypotheses. The larger the number of daughters, the less likely sons are to provide care to their mothers, whereas the likelihood of daughters providing care is unaffected by the number of sons. Similarly, the larger the number of daughters, the lower closeness mothers report with their sons, whereas mother-adult daughter closeness is unrelated to the number of sons. In sum, our findings show ways in which both an adult child’s gender and the gender composition of their sibship affect mother-adult child relationships, as well as highlighting the applicability of theories of gender socialization and social exchange to the context of aging families.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH CAPACITY OF CAREGIVERS AND CARE RECIPIENTS
Authors: Miyawaki Christina , Tahija Nina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We developed a depression intervention, Caregiver-Provided Life Review (C-PLR) for people living with dementia and their family caregivers in 2018 and pilot-tested (N=19 caregiver (CG)-care recipient (CR) dyads). Encouraged by the outcomes, in 2020 we expanded the study to long-term care facility (LTCF) residents. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we adapted the in-person mode to virtual and recruited CGs who provided care for &gt;8 hours/week and CRs who were community-dwellers or LTCF residents with mild depression and dementia. Between August 2020 and December 2021, we contacted 195 LTCFs, 29 senior/community centers, and 148 community-dwellers and recruited 12 dyads nationwide. CGs were on average 54 years old, working (67%), college-educated (83%), female (92%), and in good-excellent health (75%). CRs were 83 years old (mean), single (58%), female (92%), and in fair health (50%). CRs’ depression score significantly improved (p=0.0004), however, CG’s burden and positive aspects of caregiving scores worsened (p=0.02). Amid the pandemic, LTCF closures and staff turnover made recruitment challenging. Despite a small sample, we found CRs enjoy the LRs alleviating depressive symptoms. However, CGs experienced more burden, which could be due to COVID fatigue and the LR as an additional responsibility. These results reminded us of the COVID impact and adjusted the C-PLR model further. Instead of a weekly visit, each dyad can meet at its own pace. We developed the C-PLR to improve the health of the dyads. Thus, we must consider both CGs’ and CRs’ health capacity because CR’s wellbeing is dependent on that of CGs.
“HE JUST WANTS HIS SERVICES BACK”: IMPACTS OF HOME CARE WORKER DISRUPTIONS ON PATIENTS AND CAREGIVERS DURING COVID-19
Authors: Xu Emily , Kim Patricia , Zhang Meng , Reckrey Jennifer , Ornstein Katherine , Franzosa Emily 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Home care workers (HCWs) have played a critical role in keeping homebound older adults safely at home during COVID-19, yet their essential work is often understudied. This study characterized the roles of HCWs during COVID-19 and examined how HCW service disruptions impacted patients and their caregivers. We performed a thematic analysis of medical records from 53 patients with HCWs in a home-based primary care practice in New York City. We abstracted unstructured clinical notes into a priori and emergent categories and identified core themes via team discussion. The following themes emerged: 1) Shifts to remote medical care and changing patient needs led to task shifting and new tasks for HCWs (i.e. getting food for patients experiencing food insecurity), 2) The risks associated with HCW tasks, such as exposure from caring for patients with COVID-19, increased during the pandemic, 3) Patient and family refusal of HCW services to avoid COVID-19 exposure as well as abrupt loss of HCW services due to HCW precarity or COVID-19 exposure left family caregivers with additional caregiving responsibilities, 4) Regulations surrounding return to work following COVID-19 exposure created additional difficulties in reinstating HCWs and left patients without adequate care, putting them at risk of hospitalization. In conclusion, pandemic-related disruptions created barriers to adequate home care, putting both patients and caregivers at risk. This analysis suggests a need for more robust HCW training and established regulations to protect HCW safety as well as a need for policies to support caregivers and ensure continuity of care during emergencies.
LONG-TERM CARE RESIDENT PERSPECTIVES ON PERSON-CENTERED CARE: INTERSECTIONS OF PRACTICE AND THEORY
Authors: Ciolfi Mary Lou , Taylor Catherine , Ericson Tracy , Wihry David , Crittenden Jennifer , Hunt Angela , Kaye Lenard , Nebenzahl Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Designation of Excellence in Person-Centered Long-Term Care is a multi-year study to redefine standards of long-term care delivery according to the preferences of residents, family, staff, and leaders. During 2021, as one component of the study, 247 residents from 23 communities across the country engaged in a participatory message board activity inquiring about their lived experiences of receiving care and services in their long-term care communities. Residents commented on their personal care, personal and shared spaces; family, friends, and community; and wishes and feelings. Using a phenomenological approach to data analysis to better understand the universal and the unique aspects of the experience of living in long-term care, key themes centered on the importance of staff (1) knowing, responding, and being attentive to the details of residents’ life history, care needs and preferences; (2) treating residents respectfully and as mature adults; and (3) demonstrating care and connection in resident interactions. These key themes and their related sub-themes intersect with several social science theories that underscore those factors promoting adaptability to changed environments while trying to preserve identity, belief systems, and values. Applying a conceptual lens to resident comments suggests programmatic strategies that long-term care providers can prioritize for promoting and operationalizing person-centered care. The poster will present a graphic representation of the intersections of person-centered care and existing theoretical frameworks using resident remarks to highlight central tenets of continuity theory, person-environment fit theory, and social identity theory.