bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Arthroscopic Knotless Double-row Rotator Cuff Repair Yield Better Patient-reported Outcome Measures than Knotted Double-row Repair? A Prospective Comparative Interventional Study
Authors: Adil S. M. , Dev Jaidev Kailash P. , Singh Shambhu , Pushkar Akshay , Chhetri P. , Vijay Varun Kumar , Kumar G. Promod 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
The objective of the study was to find out whether a significant difference exists in patient reported outcome measures (PROM) after arthroscopic knotless (KTL) versus knotted (KTT) double-row rotator cuff repair (RCR).

Materials and Methods:
A study was done on forty patients from June 2021 to December 2022 as per inclusion criteria. All patients underwent arthroscopic KTL/KTT double-row RCR with or without soft-tissue Bankart repair and/or superior labrum anterior to posterior repair by a single surgeon. Patients were followed up with University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for a period of 12 months. Average time of surgery and complications if any were noted.

Results:
Patients in both KTL and KTT groups had mean values of 0.7 and 0.55 for VAS score and 31.25 and 30.4 for UCLA score, respectively, at the end of 12-month follow-up. Excellent UCLA score was seen in four patients (value of 34). The average time of surgery for the KTL and KTT groups was 93.25 and 113.50 min, respectively. One patient had an intraoperative complication in the form of offloading of lateral row anchor which was revised during surgery itself.

Conclusion:
No significant difference exists in PROM, in terms of UCLA score and VAS score for those treated with KTL versus KTT double-row arthroscopic RCR in a short-term follow-up of 12 months. A KTL RCR might have the advantage of ease of procedure and reduced time of surgery though.
Self-reported Computer Vision Syndrome Among Bank Workers in Onitsha, Nigeria
Authors: Uba-Obiano Chizoba U. , Onyiaorah Adaora A. , Nwosu Sabestine N.N. , Okpala Nonso E. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the awareness, prevalence, and pattern of ocular problems related to computer [computer vision syndrome (CVS)] use among bank workers in Onitsha, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study involving bank staff in Onitsha metropolis who were selected using a simple random technique. A validated CVS questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics, frequency and duration of computer use, eye symptoms, and preventive measures.

Results:
There were 150 bank staff selected: 81 (54.0%) females and 69 (46.0%) males, aged 20–49 years (mean= 33.2 ± 7.2 years). All participants used computer daily. Daily computer use was 1–16 h. Seventy-nine (53.4%) workers were aware of CVS; 127 (84.7%) used preventive measures which included anti-reflective eye glasses (12.7%) and computer screen guard (22.3%). Symptoms with computer use were reported by 103 (68.7%) participants. The prevalence of CVS was 29.3%. Headache (45.4%), itching (38.6%), photophobia (38.0%), visual blur (37.3%), and eye pains (28.0%) were the commonest symptoms. There was a trend towards CVS being commoner in female gender (P = 0.059), with prolonged computer use, and failure to use preventive measures. CVS is 6-fold more likely to occur in individuals who wear corrective lenses.

Conclusion:
CVS is common among the bank workers studied. Use of protective measures that minimize exposure to electromagnetic force radiation from computer screens is suggested. A computer screen guard is recommended as a minimum preventive measure for long-term computer users.
Prostate Cancer and Challenges in Management in a Semi-urban Centre
Authors: Okeke Chike John , Obi Anselm Okwudili , Ojewola Rufus Wale , Jeje Emmanuel Ajibola , Okorie Chukwudi Ogonnaya , Afogu Emmaunel Nwali , Ogbobe Uchechukwu Ugonna , Ulebe Augustine Obasi , Odo Chinonso , Ugwuidu Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common cancer in men and the fifth most common cancer worldwide. The incidence in Nigeria is rising. Numerous challenges exist that prevent the successful management of these patients in this subregion.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to report on the modes of presentation and difficulties encountered in managing patients with CaP in our environment with a view to finding solutions to these challenges.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of all CaP patients who were managed in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. Data were collated using a pro forma. Numerical data were summarized as means, median, and standard deviation, whereas categorical data were summarized as frequencies. Statistical significance was pegged at P < 0.05.

Results:
Seventy-three patients were analysed. The mean age of the patients was 71.48 ± 8.15 years. The three most common presenting complaints were lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) 23 (31.5%), acute urinary retention 9 (12.3%), and LUTS with low back pain 9 (12.3%). The median duration of symptoms was 6.5 months. No difference was noted among educational level, occupation, and stage of CaP, (P=0.222 and P=0.548), respectively. The median total prostate-specific antigen was 85.0 ng/mL. Sixty-seven patients (91.8%) had an abdominopelvic ultrasound scan. Fifty patients (68.5%) had stage 4 disease. Thirty-eight (52.1%) had financial constraints. Forty-nine (67.1%) patients were lost to follow-up. Bilateral orchidectomy was offered to 28 (38.4%) patients.

Conclusion:
Financial constraint was a huge barrier in the management of CaP patients in this study. Late presentation was common in this study.
Pediatric Groin Surgeries
Authors: Kalu Ukoha Agwu , Odi Temitope O. , Taiwo Jones O. , Abdur-Rahman Lukman O. , Oyewole Ezekiel O. , Ibiyeye Taiye T. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
There is a paucity of studies in the West African sub-region which have compared both the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effects of caudal block and inguinal field block using plain bupivacaine in groin surgeries in children. The study aimed to compare the duration of analgesia and complications of caudal block and inguinal field block in pediatric groin surgeries.

Patients and Methods:
This was a prospective, double-blind randomized study conducted at a tertiary health institution in North Central, Nigeria, over a period of 6 months. A total of 74 children scheduled for day case groin surgeries for inguinal hernia, hydrocoele and palpable undescended testis were recruited into the study. The effectiveness of the analgesic effect was assessed by measuring serum cortisol levels before surgery (i.e. baseline at 8am), 5minutes after caudal block or inguinal field block, and 1-hour after surgery. Post-operative pain was determined using FLACC score (Face, Legs, Activity, Crying and Consolability) every 15 minutes till 6 hours after surgery when the patients were discharged home and the caregivers measured the patients’ pain scores using the FLACC score every 1 hour to a maximum duration of 10 hours after surgery. Data obtained from the study was entered into the study proforma and analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. The P value was considered statistically significant at <0.05.

Results:
A total of 74 patients were recruited for this study, with 68 males (91.9%) and 6 females (8.1%). The children’s age range was 6 months to 7 years, with a mean age of 3.35 ± 1.90 years. The mean basal serum cortisol levels of the caudal block group and inguinal block group were 11.15 ± 5.38 µg/dL and 10.79 ± 4.92µg/d respectively (p-value = 0.767). Five minutes after caudal block, the mean serum cortisol level was 10.50 ± 5.39µg/dL while inguinal field block was 10.63 ± 4.68µg/dL (p-value = 0.288). The mean serum cortisol level obtained one hour after each procedure was 9.34 ± 4.05 µg/dL for the caudal block group and 10.00 ± 3.56 µg/dL in the inguinal field block group with p-value = 0.275. Using the FLACC score, the mean duration of analgesia in caudal block group was 372.00 ± 71.55 minutes and was inguinal field block group was 387.43 ± 62.65 minutes with a p-value = 0.116. There was no anaesthetic technique related complications that was recorded in both caudal block group and inguinal group during the study period.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that caudal block and inguinal field block using plain bupivacaine provided comparable duration of analgesia in paediatric groin surgeries. Therefore, caudal block or inguinal field block using plain bupivacaine should be recommended for both intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in elective paediatric groin surgeries.
Community Eye Care Outreaches Through Collaborations with Community-based Organisations in Resource-poor Settings in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Adepoju Feyi Grace , Olokoba Bukola Latefaf , Olatunji Victoria Ayodeji , Obajolowo Tokunbo Sarah , Bolarinwa Tota , Yusuf Ibrahim Abiodun 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The access to universal eye health is still poor in many developing countries. There are various initiatives to address this problem, but the initiatives are majorly under the support of external funding. This study reports community outreaches supported by community-based organisations over a 7-year period in resource-poor settings in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aims to describe the processes/procedures, output, and funding of eye care services provided in the rural communities over a 7-year period. The study seeks to present the process, demographical profiles, disease pattern, challenges, and recommendation in finding the core area of development to improving eye care services for these communities as well. The setting of this research work is 65 rural communities around the Ilorin metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria. The design of the study is a retrospective review.

Materials and Methods:
This is a descriptive study of 7-year community eye outreaches in Ilorin, Nigeria. Data were analysed with IBM-Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-20).

Results:
A total of 65 communities with 235 visits were carried out between the years 2013 and 2019, with a total of 13,661 persons screened. The major eye diseases seen were refractive errors, allergic conjunctivitis, cataract, and pterygium. Common surgical eye problems were cataract, pterygium, and glaucoma. Community-based organisation direct financial support built up from USD 855 in 2013 and totalled USD 27,250 in 2019. Community-based organisation funding is an alternative and useful means of meeting the unmet needs of eye care in resource-poor communities. Subsidised care was provided to community-sourced patients due to support by local community-based organisations. This subsidy assisted in reaching the outreach numerical goal. However, it was still inadequate to meet the total needs as seen by the lower number of clinical care and surgeries rendered against the total numbers identified.

Conclusion:
To achieve sustainable and wider coverage of care, a combination of local source and external funding is required. This study shows that community eye care programme can be supported by local or indigenous sponsors in a sustainable manner, thereby contributing considerably to addressing prevalent cases of avoidable blindness.
Experience with Liposuction for the Treatment of Subcutaneous Lipoma
Authors: Olawoye Olayinka Adebanji , Michael Afieharo I. , Aderibigbe Rotimi , Iyun Kayode , Ademola Samuel , Oluwatosin Odunayo M. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Lipomas are the commonest benign tumours in the body. Treatment is often by excision biopsy. Liposuction has traditionally been used for body sculpturing, but recently, it was introduced for the operative management of lipomas. The aim of this study was to present our experience with liposuction lipectomy-assisted lipoma aspiration in terms of its efficacy, complications, risk of recurrence, and patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of 16 patients with solitary or multiple lipomas managed with liposuction over a 5-year period was done. All the patients had a prior fine needle aspiration cytology, which was reported as benign. Informed consent was obtained, and the procedures were performed as a day case under tumescent anaesthesia. Lipo-aspiration was done with manual liposuction device. The patients were discharged on oral analgesics and antibiotics.

Results:
Sixteen patients (10 females and six males) with 21 lesions were managed. The median age was 43 years (23–66 years). All the patients had satisfactory outcomes. The procedure was converted to open-excisional surgery in one patient, and the histology was reported as fibro lipoma. Friction burn at the cannula site occurred in one patient, which subsequently healed with scars. No recurrence was reported in any of the patients.

Conclusion:
In well-selected patients, liposuction-assisted lipectomy may have an advantage over the classical open technique. All patients should have a minimum investigation of fine needle aspiration cytology because of the risk of atypical lipomas or liposarcoma, which might have similar features as subcutaneous lipoma.
Sub-tenon Versus Sub-conjunctiva Anaesthesia for Intraocular Surgery
Authors: Nwosu Sebastian N. N. , Nwosu Victoria O. , Akudinobi Cyriacus Ugochukwu , Uba-Obiano Chizoba Udoka , Nnubia Chinasa A. , Ubaka Christiana O. , Okpala Nonso Ejikeme , Onyiaorah Adaora Amaoge 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To compare the pain relief achieved using sub-Tenon anesthesia with that of sub-conjunctival anesthesia technique in intraocular surgery at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive adult patients who had intraocular surgery under local anesthesia were randomized into having sub-Tenon (3 mL) or sub-conjunctival (0.5 mL) injections using xylocaine ± adrenaline. The manual suture-less surgery technique was used for cataract surgery alone and cataract surgery with pterygium excision; the extra-capsular cataract extraction technique was adopted for combined trabeculectomy and cataract surgery. Surgery duration was recorded. Patient’s pain perception graded as none, mild, moderate or severe.

Results:
100 patients made up 51 (51.0%) males and 49 (49.0%) females, age range was 31–88 years, median – 68 years, participated. Sub-Tenon anesthetic technique was used in 52 (52.0%) and sub-conjunctival in 48 (48.0%) participants. Seventy-eight (78.0%) patients had cataract surgery; 10 (10.0%) had trabeculectomy; 7 (7.0%) had combined trabeculectomy and cataract surgery and 5 (5.0%) had pterygium excision with cataract surgery. The mean surgery duration in the sub-Tenon anesthesia group was 31.8 ± 8.5 minutes and 30.2 ± 9.8 minutes in the sub-conjunctival group (P > 0.05). Fifty (96.2%) patients in the sub-Tenon group and 38 (79.2%) in the sub-conjunctival group experienced mild or no pains; 2 (4.2%) patients in the sub-Tenon group and 10 (20.8%) in the sub-conjunctival group experienced moderate to severe pains (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Both sub-conjunctival and sub-Tenon anesthetic achieved effective analgesia in intraocular surgery. But sub-Tenon anesthesia is significantly associated with lower incidence of severe pains.
Feedback Culture Among Nigerian Orthodontic Medical Educators
Authors: Etim Sylvia Simon , Arigbede Abiodun O. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Feedback is central to a quality medical and dental education in promoting self-directed learning and enhance progressive sharpening of trainees’ skills, which are applicable in orthodontics. Hence, orthodontic educators must be conversant with the subject of feedback. There is insufficient information concerning this at the moment.

Aim and Objectives:
To determine the prevalence, quality, and barriers to feedback culture among Nigerian orthodontic educators.

Design of the Study:
Cross sectional.

Setting:
Nigerian orthodontists in training institutions.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive study involving orthodontic educators in Nigeria, was done using a 26-item structured questionnaire distributed face-to-face or through google forms. Simple descriptive data analysis was done to address the study objectives.

Results:
Twenty-five orthodontic educators participated. Sixteen (60%) alluded to existence of a formal feedback culture in their centers, and 10, that is, 40% of the educators were comfortable giving feedback by themselves. Over half, 13, that is, 52% of the educators gave feedback as the need arises, and a few educators (18, 72%) rated the quality of feedback given as “good.” In contrast, 11, that is, 44% of the educators always sought feedback from trainees, and 8, that is, 32% among them never sought feedback from colleagues. Feedback execution was preferred at different times including after teaching (10, 40%), after assessment (3, 12%), during practical (7, 28%), and on observations relating to attitude and professionalism (7, 28%). Feedback was mainly verbal and based on reports/observations. Time constraint was the barrier identified by the majority (13, 52%) of the participants.

Conclusion:
The scope and quality of feedback practice among orthodontic educators in Nigeria were inadequate. Time constraint was the most common barrier to feedback alluded to by the participants. There is a need to improve on feedback culture in orthodontics training in Nigeria.
Clinical Profile and Predictors of Early Outcome in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Jos, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Alfin Jeneral Dumura , Shilong Danaan Joseph , Bot Gyang Markus , Nwibo Onyemaechi Ereke , Kyesmen Nanpan Isa , Olalere Shina Abidemi , Bakwa Nenkimun Dirting 
Published: September 2023

Background/Objectives:
Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition and has been recognised so since antiquity with evolving pattern of presentation and outcome. This study aimed to review the clinical profile and determinants of early outcome in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in Jos, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study, reviewed the health records of all patients with TSCI that were managed, based on the neurosurgical unit protocol for the management of TSCI in our institution from 2011 to 2021. Relevant data were retrieved into a preformed pro forma, analysis was done for determinants of outcome using SPSS and presented in tables and figure.

Results:
A total of 296 patients, aged 20–39 years, with male to female ratio of 5.2:1 were studied. The median time from injury to presentation was 96 h, and the cervical spine was the most (139, 47.0%) affected region. Most of the patients (183, 61.8%) had complete injury (ASIA A) at presentation, the average, first week mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 89.98 ± 8.86. Mortality was 73 (24.7%) at 6 weeks post injury and complete TSCI, cervical spinal cord segment and the average “first week” MAP were, independent predictors of mortality. The admission ASIA impairment scale (AIS) and injury to presentation interval were predictive of AIS improvement at 6 weeks and length of hospital stay (LOHs).

Conclusions:
We also found that AIS at admission, level of spinal cord affected and the average first week MAP were early predictors of mortality, while the injury to presentation interval and admission AIS, predicted improvement of AIS at 6 weeks. The LOHs was seen more in patients with severe AIS at admission and those who had delayed presentation.
Conjunctival Fungal Flora in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Adukwu Benjamin U. , Nwosu Sebastian N. N. , Emele Felix E. , Uba-Obiano Chizoba , Onyiaorah Adaora A. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to determine the hospital incidence and pattern of conjunctival fungal flora in adult patients at the Guinness Eye Center Onitsha, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
New adult patients, without anterior segment disease, were randomly recruited. Using a sterile swab stick, specimen was taken from the inferior conjunctival fornix of each participant’s right eye and inoculated into Sabouraud dextrose agar slant in a test tube and incubated at 27°C. The specimens were examined for fungal growth every 48 h for 4 weeks. Specimens with fungal growth were further examined under a high power microscope for fungal identification and characterization.

Results:
A total of 225 patients (105 males, 120 females) were examined. The age range was 18–75 years; mean age was 41 ± 17.1 years; 62 (27.6%) were culture-positive: 25 (40.3%) were males and 37 (59.7%) were females (P >0.05). Both moulds and yeasts were isolated with moulds constituting 44 (74.2%). Aspergillus [26 (41.9%)] and Candida [16 (25.8%)] were the commonest organisms. Participants >60 years had the greatest burden. Pensioners (61.5%), traders (44.0%), farmers (30.1%), and artisans (27.3%) were occupational groups with significantly higher proportions of culture-positive specimens (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Over a quarter of new adult patients without anterior segment disease harbour fungi, some of which are pathogenic, in their conjunctival fungal organisms. While Aspergillus and Candida were the commonest isolates, older participants, pensioners, traders, farmers, and artisans had significantly higher proportion of culture-positive specimens. These findings should be considered when formulating pre-operative guidelines for ocular surgery in our environment.
The Correlation of Sonographic and Histopathologic Findings in the Diagnosis of Palpable Breast Masses in Zaria
Authors: Bello Nafisa , Olarinoye-Akorede Seiya Adebanke , Mohammed Halima Mono , Aliyu Ibrahim , Abdullahi Mubarak Zubair , Ibrahim Muhammad Zaria , Lawal Sulieman , Rasheed Muhammad Haruna 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Presently, histology is the gold standard in definite diagnosis of breast masses. Ultrasound is a relatively cheap, non-invasive, and non-ionizing imaging modality which is widely available in most hospitals. An assessment of its accuracy in diagnosing breast masses is necessary to minimize unwarranted biopsies.

Aim and Objectives:
This study aims to correlate the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings in the diagnosis of patients with palpable breast masses.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study, which involved 100 consecutive patients who presented with palpable breast masses in Zaria. This was carried out for a period of 7 months (November 2016–June 2017). They had a clinical breast examination to identify the mass, which was then imaged and biopsied via ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology.

Results:
The generated data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). There were more benign masses (63%) than malignant masses (29%). On correlating the final diagnosis of ultrasound to that of histology, it was found to have a sensitivity of 89%; specificity of 94%; positive predictive value of 89%; negative predictive value of 94%; and accuracy of 92%.

Conclusion:
This study shows that there was a correlation between ultrasound and histology findings in differentiating between benign and malignant masses. This proves that ultrasound has a significant role to play in evaluating and diagnosing clinically palpable breast masses.