bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new Late Miocene Hystrix (Hystricidae, Rodentia) from Turkey
Authors: HALAÇLAR Kazım , EROL Ayla SEVIM , KÖROĞLU Tolga , RUMMY Paul , DENG Tao , MAYDA Serdar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Çorakyerler fossil locality in Anatolia reveals unique faunal elements. This study introduces Hystrix kayae sp. nov., a new Late Miocene porcupine initially classified as Hystrix sp. Yavuz et al., 2018. This finding expands our knowledge of Late Miocene Anatolian porcupines, bringing the total number of known species to three. H. kayae sp. nov. is larger than Hystrix aryanensis and exhibits greater upper cheek tooth crown height. Its cheek tooth morphology differs from Hystrix depereti, and it possesses distinctive U‐shaped choanae unlike Hystrix primigenia. The Çorakyerler locality may predate sites with H. aryanensis and H. primigenia but aligns temporally with Hystrix parvae localities. This study enhances our understanding of Late Miocene porcupine diversity in Anatolia, emphasizing the importance of Çorakyerler in unraveling the evolutionary history of these fascinating mammals.
Wellfield optimization to minimize contaminant migration from a surficial to a semi‐confined aquifer using numerical modeling
Authors: Paul Sondipon , Waldron Brian , Jazaei Farhad , Larsen Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe shallow, Memphis, and Fort Pillow aquifers are the three major water‐bearing strata beneath Memphis, Tennessee, where the Memphis aquifer serves as the primary groundwater source. The upper Claiborne confining unit (UCCU) separates shallow and Memphis aquifers across the majority of Shelby County, acting as an upper protective layer for the Memphis aquifer. However, hydrogeologic breaches within the UCCU create a hydraulic connection and provide an avenue for potential contaminant migration from the shallow to the Memphis aquifer. This research aims to minimize contaminant migration, mitigate risks, extend existing wells' life that may face water contamination, and find suitable locations for future well construction. Several strategies are developed addressing well depth, seasonal well operation, and mapping no‐drilling or red zones to provide practical solutions. A numerical groundwater modeling technique is developed for each strategy that includes stochastic simulation–optimization and customized simulation models depending on the strategy. The models result in thousands of numerical simulations for each scenario to identify recurring patterns of contaminant movement to and through the Memphis aquifer. The results indicate that optimum well positions (spatially and vertically) and modification to pumping can increase the life expectancy of wellfields, offer sustainable management of the Memphis aquifer, and reduce contaminant migration through 2050.
Characterization of TCF‐1 and its relationship between CD8+ TIL densities and immune checkpoints and their joint influences on prognoses of lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Jiang Kanqiu , Liu Shasha , Chen Yongbing , Xu Zhonghen , Xu Zhonghua , Qian Bo , Ding Qifeng , Cui Hongxia , Sui Yiqun , Cao Defu , Xu Weihua , Shen Mingjing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundT cell factor‐1 (TCF‐1) + stem‐like tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (stem‐like TILs) are important memory cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, their relationship with clinicopathological features, CD8+ TIL densities, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICs), and prognostic values remain unknown for lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). In this study, we aimed to characterize TCF‐1+ TILs and their prognostic significance in patients with surgically resected LUADs.MethodsExpression of TCF‐1, CD8, and ICs including programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), lymphocyte activating‐3 (LAG‐3), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 (TIM‐3) in TILs were estimated using immunohistochemistry of resected LUADs. The association between TCF‐1 expressions and clinicopathological characteristics of patient prognoses were analyzed.ResultsPositive TCF‐1 expression significantly correlated with advanced pathological stage, tumor grade, CD8+ TILs density, TIM‐3 expression, LAG‐3 expression, and PD‐1 expression. TCF‐1 positivity was significantly associated with a better recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analysis revealed that the TCF‐1+/CD8+ group had the best RFS and OS, while the TCF‐1‐/CD8‐ group had the worst RFS and OS. Similarly, patients with TCF‐1 + PD‐1‐ had the best prognoses and patients with TCF‐1‐PD‐1+ had the worst prognoses.ConclusionTCF‐1 had relatively high positive expression and special clinicopathological features in patients with LUAD. TCF‐1+ TILs were related to CD8 density, TIM‐3 expression, LAG‐3 expression, and PD‐1 expression, and were associated with better prognoses in LUAD patients. A combination of TCF‐1 and CD8 densities or PD‐1 expression further stratified patients into different groups with distinct prognoses.
Investigation of response factors for monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with PD‐L1 expression <50%
Authors: Takahara Yutaka , Abe Ryudai , Sumito Nagae , Tanaka Takuya , Ishige Yoko , Shionoya Ikuyo , Yamamura Kouichi , Nishiki Kazuaki , Nojiri Masafumi , Kato Ryo , Shinomiya Shohei , Oikawa Taku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy is currently approved for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression ≥50%. However, the efficacy of ICI monotherapy in patients with PD‐L1 expression <50% has not yet been fully elucidated.The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 expression <50% who respond to single‐agent ICIs and factors that predict response.MethodsPatients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC with a PD‐L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of 50% or less who received new monotherapy with an ICI between July 2012 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with response were compared with those without response in the post‐treatment response assessment.ResultsAmong the 37 patients, six (16.2%) NSCLC patients in the response group responded to ICI monotherapy and had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.003). Significantly more patients in the response group developed immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) than in the nonresponse group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified high BMI as a significant independent risk factor predicting nonresponse to ICI monotherapy in NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 < 50%.ConclusionsAmong NSCLC patients with PD‐L1 < 50%, those with a higher BMI were more likely to be nonresponders to ICI monotherapy. In addition, the group that responded to ICI monotherapy may have been at higher risk of developing irAEs, suggesting that careful follow‐up is warranted.
Optimal test Procedures for Multiple Hypotheses Controlling the Familywise Expected Loss
Authors: Maurer Willi , Bretz Frank , Xun Xiaolei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of testing multiple null hypotheses, where a decision to reject or retain must be made for each one and embedding incorrect decisions into a real-life context may inflict different losses. We argue that traditional methods controlling the Type I error rate may be too restrictive in this situation and that the standard familywise error rate may not be appropriate. Using a decision-theoretic approach, we define suitable loss functions for a given decision rule, where incorrect decisions can be treated unequally by assigning different loss values. Taking expectation with respect to the sampling distribution of the data allows us to control the familywise expected loss instead of the conventional familywise error rate. Different loss functions can be adopted, and we search for decision rules that satisfy certain optimality criteria within a broad class of decision rules for which the expected loss is bounded by a fixed threshold under any parameter configuration. We illustrate the methods with the problem of establishing efficacy of a new medicinal treatment in non-overlapping subgroups of patients.
Maternity care experiences and breastfeeding at discharge among Maryland WIC participants: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Augustyn Marycatherine , Haskins Danielle , Gross Susan , Resnik Amy Kovar , Ducharme‐Smith Kirstie , Orta‐Aleman Dania , Silbert‐Flagg JoAnne , Rosenblum Nadine , Caulfield Laura E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding imparts numerous health and social benefits for families. Barriers deter some individuals from breastfeeding. Rates are lower among certain populations, including participants of the federally funded Women, Infants, and Children's Program (WIC). Women, Infants, and Children's Program provides low‐income pregnant and postpartum women and children under 5 with nutrition education, supplemental foods, breastfeeding education and support, and resource linkages. Investigation of WIC participants' hospital experiences and breastfeeding decisions is limited. We explore qualitative themes associated with breastfeeding‐related hospital maternity care practices experienced by WIC participants.MethodsThirty pregnant individuals intending to breastfeed were recruited at WIC clinics to complete in‐depth interviews at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months of postpartum. Using the Thematic Framework methodology, we analyzed data from the two‐week interviews of 29 participants with respect to hospital breastfeeding experiences.ResultsFourteen participants were exclusively breastfeeding at discharge (EBFD). Fifteen were partially breastfeeding at discharge (PBFD). Differences between groups were found in hospital breastfeeding experiences, particularly in staff support. All participants EBFD reported positive breastfeeding‐related staff experiences. Most participants PBFD reported limited and ineffective staff interaction, leading to formula introduction.ConclusionsIndividuals EBFD and those PBFD reported about the same rate of hospital breastfeeding difficulties, yet half introduced formula within the first few days postpartum. Results reiterate the importance of hospital staff support to breastfeeding exclusivity at 2–3 days postpartum. The challenges that these individuals faced may have been resolved through available, responsive, and effective intervention. Data‐driven breastfeeding education programs for hospital health professionals are critical to affect patient breastfeeding outcomes.
Introducing conceptual geological information into Bayesian tomographic imaging
Authors: Bloem Hugo , Curtis Andrew , Tetzlaff Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGeological process models typically simulate a range of dynamic processes to evolve a base topography into a final two‐dimensional cross section or three‐dimensional geological scenario. In principle, process parameters may be updated to better align with observed geophysical or geological data. However, it is hard to find any process model realisations that fit all observations if data sets are complex and sparse in space or time because the simulations typically depend highly non‐linearly on base topography and dynamic parameters. As an alternative, geophysical probabilistic tomographic methods may be used to estimate the family of models of a target subsurface structure that are consistent both with information obtained from previous experiments and with new data (the Bayesian posterior probability distribution). However, this family seldom embodies geologically reasonable images. Here we show that the posterior distribution of tomographic images obtained from travel time data can be fully geological by injecting geological prior information into Bayesian inference and that we can do this near‐instantaneously by using trained mixture density networks (MDNs). We invoke two geological concepts as prior information about the possible depositional environment of an imaged target structure: a braided river system and a set of marine parasequences. Each concept is parameterised by the latent parameters of a generative adversarial network. Data from a target structure can then be used to infer the family of compatible latent parameter values using either geological concept using MDNs. Our near‐instantaneous MDN solutions closely resemble those found using relatively expensive Monte Carlo methods. We show that while the use of incorrect geological conceptual models provides significantly less accurate results, a classifier neural network can infer which geological conceptual model is most consistent with the data. It is thus demonstrated that even apparently barely related geophysical data may contain information about abstract geological concepts, and that geological conceptual models are key to creating reasonable images from geophysical data.
Stepwise modulation of apical orientational cell adhesions for vertebrate neurulation
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wei Xiangyun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTNeurulation transforms the neuroectoderm into the neural tube. This transformation relies on reorganising the configurational relationships between the orientations of intrinsic polarities of neighbouring cells. These orientational intercellular relationships are established, maintained, and modulated by orientational cell adhesions (OCAs). Here, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) neurulation as a major model, we propose a new perspective on how OCAs contribute to the parallel, antiparallel, and opposing intercellular relationships that underlie the neural plate–keel–rod–tube transformation, a stepwise process of cell aggregation followed by cord hollowing. We also discuss how OCAs in neurulation may be regulated by various adhesion molecules, including cadherins, Eph/Ephrins, Claudins, Occludins, Crumbs, Na+/K+‐ATPase, and integrins. By comparing neurulation among species, we reveal that antiparallel OCAs represent a conserved mechanism for the fusion of the neural tube. Throughout, we highlight some outstanding questions regarding OCAs in neurulation. Answers to these questions will help us understand better the mechanisms of tubulogenesis of many tissues.
Concepts in Space: Enhancing Lexical Search With a Spatial Diversity Prime
Authors: Malaie Soran , Karimi Hossein , Jahanitabesh Azra , Bargh John A. , Spivey Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInformed by theories of embodied cognition, in the present study, we designed a novel priming technique to investigate the impact of spatial diversity and script direction on searching through concepts in both English and Persian (i.e., two languages with opposite script directions). First, participants connected a target dot either to one other dot (linear condition) or to multiple other dots (diverse condition) and either from left to right (rightward condition) or from right to left (leftward condition) on a computer touchscreen using their dominant hand's forefinger. Following the spatial prime, they were asked to generate as many words as possible using two‐letter cues (e.g., “lo” → “love,” “lobster”) in 20 s. We hypothesized that greater spatial diversity, and consistency with script direction, should facilitate conceptual search and result in a higher number of word productions. In both languages, word production performance was superior for the diverse prime relative to the linear prime, suggesting that searching through lexical memory is facilitated by spatial diversity. Although some effects were observed for the directionality of the spatial prime, they were not consistent across experiments and did not correlate with script direction. This pattern of results suggests that a spatial prime that promotes diverse paths can improve word retrieval from lexical memory and lends empirical support to the embodied cognition framework, in which spatial relations play a crucial role in the conceptual system.
Areas of strength and opportunities for growth in translational science education and training: Results of a scoping review from the NCATS Education Branch
Authors: Vogel Amanda L. , Haynes Brittany M. , Hussain Shadab F. , Akacem Lameese D. , Hodges Marcus G. , Duberman Josh A. , Butera Gisela , Faupel‐Badger Jessica M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTranslational science education and training (E&T) aims to prepare the translational workforce to accelerate progress along the translational pipeline toward solutions that improve human health. In 2020–2021, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Education Branch conducted a scoping review of the E&T literature with this focus. The review used the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. PubMed, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), and Embase were searched, and forward citations conducted. Screening of titles, abstracts, and full text identified 44 included articles. Data extraction facilitated analysis of E&T content, audiences, modalities, evaluations, and recommendations. The NCATS Translational Science Principles were used to identity described or recommended E&T content. Twenty‐nine articles described a translational science E&T opportunity or its evaluation, and another 15 articles offered recommendations for translational science E&T. The most prevalent NCATS Translational Science Principles were boundary‐crossing partnerships (77%) and cross‐disciplinary team science (75%). Among publications describing E&T opportunities, the most reported modalities were experiential learning (64%) and courses (61%) and the most reported participants were graduate students (68%) and postdoctoral fellows (54%). About half of these articles (n = 15) reported an evaluation, covering a range of proximal to distal outcomes. Recommendations emphasized the value of translational science E&T across training and career stages and the use of varied modalities to reach diverse audiences. This review highlights strengths and opportunities for growth in translational science E&T. Enhancements to content, expansion of participants and modalities, and rigorous evaluations will contribute to building a highly qualified, diverse translational science workforce.
In praise of pioglitazone: An economically efficacious therapy for type 2 diabetes and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Bell David S. H. , Jerkins Terri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPioglitazone improves glycaemic control, not only by lowering insulin resistance, but also by improving beta cell function. Because of the improved beta cell function the glycaemic control that occurs with pioglitazone is prolonged. Pioglitazone has positive effects not only on cardiac risk factors and surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease, it also lowers the incidence of cardiac events in patients with diabetes. The recurrence of transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke is also reduced in non‐diabetic, insulin‐resistant subjects. Utilized at preclinical stages (but not later) of heart failure, pioglitazone improves diastolic function and avoids progression to heart failure. Pioglitazone, through suppression of atrial remodelling, also decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation. The manifestations of diseases associated with insulin resistance (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and polycystic ovary disease) are also improved with pioglitazone. Pioglitazone may possibly improve psoriasis and other dermopathies. Pioglitazone is therefore an inexpensive and efficacious drug for the insulin‐resistant subject with diabetes that is underutilized because of biases that have evolved from the toxicities of other thiazolidinediones.
Association of FOXO3A with right ventricular myocardial fibrosis and its detection by speckle‐tracking echocardiography in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Song Rui , Wang Ping , Yang Lianji , Liu Juan , Chen Zhuo , Ding Yunchuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial fibrosis can result in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, a critical factor in poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates among patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Decreased RV myocardial strain rates have been reported in PH patients. The expression of FOXO3A may play a crucial role in myocardial fibrosis; however, the relationship between myocardial fibrosis, speckle‐tracking echocardiography (STE), and the transcription factor FOXO3A remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of myocardial fibrosis and noninvasive ultrasound evaluation indices to provide a reliable molecular foundation for the early diagnosis of right heart dysfunction in clinical settings.MethodsA progressive right heart failure (RHF) rat model was established through subcutaneous injections of monocrotaline. Rats were divided into baseline, 2‐week, 4‐week, and 6‐week groups based on the disease course. RV structure, function, and myocardial strain were assessed via echocardiography. Myocardial fibrosis severity was determined using PSR staining. The correlation between myocardial strain and RV myocardial fibrosis was analyzed. FOXO3A, collagen I, collagen III, and BNP expressions were tested using western blotting.ResultsAs the disease progressed, the right ventricle significantly expanded, and the RV fractional area change (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV global longitudinal strain (RVLS global), and RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVLS FW) gradually declined. However, the reductions in RVLS global and RVLS FW occurred earlier than that of RVFAC, TAPSE. Significant correlations were observed between RVLS global, RVLS FW, and collagen deposition. FOXO3A expression gradually decreased with disease progression, while BNP, collagen I, and collagen III expressions gradually increased.ConclusionsDecreases in RVLS global and RVLS FW in RHF rats occurred earlier than RVFAC and were associated with RV myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, FOXO3A may have a protective role in the process of RV myocardial fibrosis.
Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of light‐chain amyloidosis in Sweden: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Cai Qian , Hester Laura L. , Grövdal Michael , Börsum Jakob , Rahman Iffat , Ammann Eric M. , Hansson Markus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated data from six Swedish national registries to fill current evidence gaps on the epidemiology, clinical burden, and overall survival (OS) associated with light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with AL amyloidosis were identified using six linked Swedish nationwide population‐based registers. For each case, individuals from the general population were selected and matched with a maximum ratio of 1:5 based on age, sex, calendar year, and county.Results846 patients newly diagnosed with AL amyloidosis and 4227 demographically matched individuals were identified. From 2011 to 2019, annual AL amyloidosis incidence increased from 10.5 to 15.1 cases per million. At baseline, patients with AL amyloidosis had a significantly higher disease burden including higher rates of cardiac and renal failure relative to the comparison group. Among patients with AL amyloidosis, 21.5% had incident heart failure and 17.1% had incident renal failure after initial diagnosis. Median OS for patients with AL amyloidosis was 56 months versus not reached in the matched general population comparison group.ConclusionThe incidence of newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis in Sweden increased over time with AL amyloidosis being associated with a higher risk of cardiac/renal failure and all‐cause mortality compared with the general population.