bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening over 100 000 patients in 39 general practices in the Netherlands for anticoagulation underprescription in atrial fibrillation: a descriptive, cross-sectional study
Authors: Voorhout Leonard , Pisters Ron , Geurts Constants H P H , Oostindjer Andrew , van Doorn Sander , Rila Harrie , Fuijkschot Wessel W , Verheugt Freek , Hemels Martin E W 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the underprescription of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in individual atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in primary care.SettingScreening of patient records in 39 participating general practitioners (GPs) across the Netherlands.ParticipantsWe screened 101 207 patient records identifying 2375 non-valvular AF patients.MethodsUsing electronic patient files, we were able to screen the entire GP population for AF, CHA2DS2-VASc stroke risk scores, and the use of guidelines recommended OAC prescription. In case of a deviation from guidelines recommended OAC prescription, we checked the electronic patient file for any documented reason. Additionally, 6 weeks following the screening, we asked all GPs to provide information on any actions taken for the underprescribed patients.ResultsWe found a mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3.2. OAC prescription consisted of direct OAC in 1342/1984 (68%) and vitamin K-antagonists in the remainder of patients. OAC underprescription was present in 93/944 (9.9%) females and 101/1374 (9.7%) in males, respectively. In 111/146 (76.0%) of the underprescribed AF patients, no reason to withhold OAC was reported. Reported reasons to withhold OAC were patient refusal (n=10), cardiologist advice (n=7) and high risk of bleeding (n=7). Data regarding actions following the identification of OAC underprescription were available for 92/194 (47%) of the OAC underprescribed cases. After consultation OAC was initiated in 9/92 (10%) only.ConclusionsIn this large Dutch study among GPs, we observed 9.8% underprescription of OAC in AF patients. In 76% of the AF patients lacking a prescription for OAC, no documentation for deviating from the guidelines was found. Only in a minority of cases detection of OAC underprescription lead to OAC initiation.
Cancer risk factors and access to cancer prevention services for people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Schiffler Tobias , Jeleff Maren , Gil-Salmerón Alejandro , Yang Lin , Haider Sandra , Schuch Felipe B , Grabovac Igor 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionHomelessness is a complex social issue that significantly impairs the health of those affected. People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have a higher prevalence of adverse health outcomes, including premature mortality, compared with the general population, with cancer being the second-leading cause of death. The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence to assess the exposure of PEH to known cancer risk factors and identify barriers and facilitators PEH experience in accessing cancer prevention services.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews. For a time window from the date of database establishment until 20 February 2023, the research team will create a detailed search strategy and apply it to the following databases: CINAHL, Embase, Global Index Medicus, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition, we will search OpenGrey and Google for grey literature and contact non-governmental organisations to request relevant reports. In the first stage, eligibility criteria will be assessed through a blinded title/abstract assessment, and following this assessment, a full-text screening will be performed. Subsequently, the research team will perform the data extraction and synthesise all relevant information in relation to the scoping review question.Ethics and disseminationAs this protocol does not involve gathering primary data, ethical approval is not necessary. The results of this review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and on institutional websites.
Optimal length of oral anticoagulant treatment for maximum benefit within 5 years after discontinuation of oral anticoagulants in patients with acute pulmonary embolism who require secondary thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Zhao Yunfeng , Luo Yong , Cheng Yi , Wang Hongwei , Du He , Sun Jinyuan , Xu Mei , Xiong Wei 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundExtended oral anticoagulant (OA) use is recommended in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who require secondary thromboprophylaxis. Nevertheless, the optimal length of OA use for the maximum long-term benefit in this patient population has been undefined to date.MethodsA retrospective study was performed to explore the role of different length of overall OA use (group 1 (≥1 year of OA use and <2 years of OA use), group 2 (≥2 years of OA use and <3 years of OA use), group 3 (≥ 3 years of OA use)) in outcomes within 5 years after OA discontinuation in patients with acute PE, who required secondary thromboprophylaxis. The primary outcome was mortality rates. The secondary outcomes comprised venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence, major bleeding during OA use and net clinical benefit. Net clinical benefit was defined as the composite of recurrent VTE and major bleeding.ResultsFor a total of 385 patients in group 1 (n=220), group 2 (n=110) and group 3 (n=55), the PE-related mortality in group 1 was higher than that in group 2 (p=0.034) and 3 (p=0.040), respectively, whereas were similar between groups 2 and 3 (p=1.000). The net clinical benefit in group 1 was less than that in group 2 (p=0.024), whereas similar with that in group 3 (p=0.526). The net clinical benefit was comparable between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.716). The length of OA use was positively associated with major bleeding (HR, 2.510 (0.293 to 3.485), p=0.001), whereas negatively associated with PE-related mortality (HR, 0.668 (0.196 to 2.832), p=0.025) and VTE recurrence (HR, 0.694 (0.174 to 2.300), p=0.036), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the length of OA use for the tendency of PE-related mortality was 70.2% and 46.2%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.654 (0.514 to 0.793) (p=0.029). The sensitivity and specificity of the length of OA use for the tendency of net clinical benefit was 86.8% and 64.3%, respectively. The AUC was 0.628 (0.565 to 0.690) (p<0.001)ConclusionsFor patients with acute PE who require secondary thromboprophylaxis, 2 to 3 years (30 months preferred) of overall OA use after a diagnosis of acute PE could be an optimal length to achieve maximum benefit within 5 years after OA discontinuation.
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for patients withEGFR-mutated non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer who progressed on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Zhong Hua , Zhang Xueyan , Tian Panwen , Chu Tianqing , Guo Qisen , Yu Xinmin , Yu Zhuang , Li Yalun , Chen Lijuan , Liu Jie , Zhang Yan , Guan Yan , Shi Xun , Wang Jing , Zhao Yanqiu , Han Baohui 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundTreatment options are limited for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment failure with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This multicenter open-label, phase II study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy (cohort 1, TIS+chemo) or tislelizumab plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab (cohort 2, TIS+chemo+ beva) in EGFR-mutated non-squamous NSCLC patients who progressed on EGFR TKI therapies. Here, the primary analysis of the TIS+chemo cohort is reported.MethodsIn the TIS+chemo cohort, patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations with prior EGFR TKI failure received tislelizumab plus carboplatin and nab-paclitaxel as induction treatment, followed by maintenance with tislelizumab plus pemetrexed. The primary endpoint was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate. The planned sample size was 66 with a historical control of 7%, an expected value of 20%, a one-sided α of 0.05, and a power of 85%.ResultsBetween July 11, 2020 and December 13, 2021, 69 patients were enrolled. As of June 30, 2022, the median follow-up was 8.2 months. Among the 62 patients in the efficacy analysis set, estimated 1-year PFS rate was 23.8% (90% CI 13.1% to 36.2%), and its lower bound of 90% CI was higher than the historical control of chemotherapy (7%), which met the primary endpoint. The median PFS was 7.6 (95% CI 6.4 to 9.8) months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI 14.0 to not estimable), with a 1-year OS rate of 74.5% (95% CI 56.5% to 86.0%). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 56.5% (95% CI 43.3% to 69.0%) and 87.1% (95% CI 76.1% to 94.3%), respectively. Patients who had progressed on first-generation/second-generation and third-generation EGFR-TKIs at baseline had shorter PFS than those who progressed on first-generation/second-generation EGFR-TKIs (median 7.5 vs 9.8 months, p=0.031). Patients with positive ctDNA had shorter PFS (median 7.4 vs 12.3 months, p=0.031) than those with negative ctDNA. No grade 5 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were observed. Grades 3–4 TEAEs occurred in 40.6% (28/69) of patients. Grades 3–4 immune-related AEs occurred in 5 (7.2%) patients.ConclusionThe study met the primary endpoint for the TIS+chemo cohort. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy is effective with an acceptable safety profile forEGFR-mutated non-squamous NSCLC after EGFR TKI failure.
Low molecular weight heparin synergistically enhances the efficacy of adoptive and anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer
Authors: Quan Yibo , He Jie , Zou Qi , Zhang Liuxi , Sun Qihui , Huang Hongli , Li Wanglin , Xie Keping , Wei Fang 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundImmunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has a limited effect in most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and the efficacy is further limited in patients with liver metastasis. Lack of antitumor lymphocyte infiltration could be a major cause, and there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies for CRC.MethodsIn this study, the antitumoral synergism of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with immunotherapy in the microsatellite stable (MSS) highly aggressive murine model of CRC was fully evaluated.ResultsDual LMWH and ACT objectively mediated the stagnation of tumor growth and inhibition of liver metastasis, neither LMWH nor ACT alone had any antitumoral activity on them. The combination of LMWH and ACT obviously increased the infiltration of intratumor CD8+T cells, as revealed by multiplex immunohistochemistry, purified CD8+T-cell transfer assay, and IVIM in vivo imaging. Mechanistically, evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment revealed that LMWH improved tumor vascular normalization and facilitated the trafficking of activated CD8+T cells into tumors. Similarly, LMWH combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provided superior antitumor activity as compared with the single PD-1 blockade in murine CT26 tumor models.ConclusionsLMWH could enhance ACT and ICIs-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration into tumors, especially cytotoxic CD8+T cells. These results indicate that combining LMWH with an immunotherapy strategy presents a promising and safe approach for CRC treatment, especially in MSS tumors.
Depicting the landscape of gut microbial-metabolic interaction and microbial-host immune heterogeneity in deficient and proficient DNA mismatch repair colorectal cancers
Authors: Li Jinming , Guo Yangyang , Liu Jianqiang , Guo Fanying , Du Lutao , Yang Yongzhi , Li Xinxiang , Ma Yanlei 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAccumulating evidence has indicated the role of gut microbiota in remodeling host immune signatures, but various interplays underlying colorectal cancers (CRC) with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) and proficient DNA mismatch repair (pMMR) remain poorly understood. This study aims to decipher the gut microbiome-host immune interactions between dMMR and pMMR CRC.MethodWe performed metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic analysis of fecal samples from a cohort encompassing 455 participants, including 21 dMMR CRC, 207 pMMR CRC, and 227 healthy controls. Among them, 50 tumor samples collected from 5 dMMR CRC and 45 pMMR CRC were conducted bulk RNA sequencing.ResultsPronounced microbiota and metabolic heterogeneity were identified with 211 dMMR-enriched species, such asFusobacterium nucleatumandAkkermansia muciniphila, 2 dMMR-depleted species, such asFlavonifractor plautii, 13 dMMR-enriched metabolites, such as retinoic acid, and 77 dMMR-depleted metabolites, such as lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxyvaleric acid.F. plautiiwas enriched in pMMR CRC and it was positively associated with fatty acid degradation, which might account for the accumulation of dMMR-depleted metabolites classified as short chain organic acid (lactic acid, succinic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxyvaleric acid) in pMMR CRC. The microbial-metabolic association analysis revealed the characterization of pMMR CRC as the accumulation of lactate induced by the depletion of specific gut microbiota which was negatively associated with antitumor immune, whereas the nucleotide metabolism and peptide degradation mediated by dMMR-enriched species characterized dMMR CRC. MMR-specific metabolic landscapes were related to distinctive immune features, such as CD8+T cells, dendritic cells and M2-like macrophages.ConclusionsOur mutiomics results delineate a heterogeneous landscape of microbiome-host immune interactions within dMMR and pMMR CRC from aspects of bacterial communities, metabolic features, and correlation with immunocyte compartment, which infers the underlying mechanism of heterogeneous immune responses.
Serratus plane block versus standard of care for pain control after totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement: a double-blind, randomized controlled, superiority trial
Authors: Vandenbrande Jeroen , Jamaer Bob , Stessel Björn , van Hilst Eline , Callebaut Ina , Yilmaz Alaaddin , Packlé Loren , Sermeus Luc , Blanco Rafael , Jalil Hassanin 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSerratus anterior plane block has been proposed to reduce opioid requirements after minimally invasive cardiac surgery, but high-quality evidence is lacking.MethodsThis prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial recruited patients undergoing totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement. Patients in the intervention arm received a single-injection serratus anterior plane block on arrival to the intensive care unit added to standard of care. Patients in the control group received routine standard of care, including patient-controlled intravenous analgesia. Primary outcome was piritramide consumption within the first 24 hours after serratus anterior plane block placement. We hypothesized that compared with no block, patients in the intervention arm would consume 25% less opioids.ResultsSeventy-five patients were analyzed (n=38 in intervention arm, n=37 in control arm). When comparing the serratus anterior plane group with the control group, median 24-hour cumulative opioid use was 9 (IQR 6–19.5) vs 15 (IQR 11.3–23.3) morphine milligram equivalents, respectively (p<0.01). Also, pain scores at 4, 8 and 24 hours were lower in the intervention arm at 4, 8 and 24 hours, respectively.ConclusionCombined deep and superficial single-injection serratus anterior plane block is superior to standard of care in reducing opioid requirements and postoperative pain intensity up to 24 hours after totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement.Trial registration numberNCT04699422.
Physical properties of a quintessence anisotropic stellar model in f(Q) gravity and the mass–radius relation
Authors: Bhar Piyali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, we present a new family of solutions to the Einstein field equations of an uncharged spherically symmetric anisotropic matter distribution in the context of f(Q) gravity by choosing $$f(Q)=Q+aQ^2$$

f

(
Q
)

=
Q
+
a

Q
2

, a being the coupling constant. Along with the fundamental quintessence dark energy defined by the equation of state parameter $$-1<\omega _q<-\frac{1}{3}$$

-
1
<

ω
q

<
-

1
3

, we have generated the field equations in modified gravity. Using the linear relationship between radial pressure and energy density along with the Krori–Barua (KB) metric potential, we are able to solve the field equations. Next, we discuss the smooth matching between the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime and the interior spherically symmetric spacetime. We have presented a thorough physical analysis of several factors analytically and graphically to show the physical viability of our suggested model. For the compact star SAXJ 1808.4-3658, our entire graphical analysis was carried out in the context of our solutions for various values of the coupling constant connection to the f(Q) gravity. The influence of coupling constant “a” on different model parameters has been numerically determined and is presented in tabular form. We checked the radial and tangential sound speeds, the stability factor, the adiabatic index, etc. to determine whether our model was stable. It is evident from our analysis that the model is potentially stable when coupling constant $$a \in [0,\,5]$$

a
∈
[
0
,

5
]

. The maximum allowable mass and radius from our present model have been obtained through the mass–radius ($$M-R$$

M
-
R

) plot for different values of a.
Neutrino oscillations in the interaction picture
Authors: Blasone Massimo , Giacosa Francesco , Smaldone Luca , Torrieri Giorgio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the mixing of different kind of fields (scalar in 0+1D, scalar in 3+1D, fermion in 3+1D) treating the mixing term as an interaction. To this aim, we employ the usual perturbative series in the interaction picture. We find that expression for flavor changing probability exhibits corrections with respect to the usual quantum mechanical (e.g. neutrino) oscillation formula, in agreement with the result previously obtained in the non-perturbative flavor Fock space approach.
Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Using Autologous Oocytes Retrieved from Women Aged ≥45 Years: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Matsubayashi Hidehiko , Ohara Yasuhiro , Yamaguchi Kohei , Doshida Masakazu , Takeuchi Takumi , Ishikawa Tomomoto 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the pregnancy outcomes, including live birth rate and pregnancy loss for women aged 45–49 years at the time of oocyte retrieval, who underwent frozen autologous transfer of embryos. Methods: Among frozen-thawed embryo transfers (ET) performed at our clinic from September 2013 to March 2021, 1,114 cycles of women aged 45–49 years at the time of oocyte retrieval were examined retrospectively. Positive pregnancy test, clinical pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live birth rates per transfer among each age group were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance or the Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean age at the time of oocyte retrieval and ET was 45.8 and 46.5 years, respectively. Positive pregnancy test rate was 7.6%, of which 72.9% resulted in pregnancy loss. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were 5.1% and 2.0%, respectively, with a live birth rate of 3.0% for women with oocytes retrieved at 45 years of age. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger oocyte retrieval age was associated with biochemical and clinical pregnancy; however, no such association was observed for cases with live birth. The oocyte retrieval age of patients with live births was 45 years in 16 cases, 46 years in six cases, and 47 years in one case. In one case of live birth (46 years old), 21 trisomy was observed in the child; however, congenital abnormalities were not observed in other cases. Chorionic tests were performed on the fetuses in 12 of the 33 clinical abortions, of which 11 showed chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusions: Fertility treatment with autologous oocytes in advanced-age women has a low success rate. Although prognosis is poor above 45 years of age, these results can help in providing information to aid patients in their decisions regarding whether or not to pursue treatment.
Towards Causal Analysis of Empirical Software Engineering Data: The Impact of Programming Languages on Coding Competitions
Authors: Furia Carlo A. , Torkar Richard , Feldt Robert 
Published: August 2023

There is abundant observational data in the software engineering domain, whereas running large-scale controlled experiments is often practically impossible. Thus, most empirical studies can only report statistical
correlations
—instead of potentially more insightful and robust
causal
relations.

To support analyzing purely observational data for causal relations and to assess any differences between purely predictive and causal models of the same data, this article discusses some novel techniques based on structural causal models (such as directed acyclic graphs of causal Bayesian networks). Using these techniques, one can rigorously express, and partially validate, causal hypotheses and then use the causal information to guide the construction of a statistical model that captures genuine causal relations—such that correlation
does imply
causation.

We apply these ideas to analyzing public data about programmer performance in Code Jam, a large world-wide coding contest organized by Google every year. Specifically, we look at the impact of different programming languages on a participant’s performance in the contest. While the overall effect associated with programming languages is weak compared to other variables—regardless of whether we consider correlational or causal links—we found considerable differences between a purely associational and a causal analysis of the very same data.
The takeaway message is that even an imperfect causal analysis of observational data can help answer the salient research questions more precisely and more robustly than with just purely predictive techniques—where genuine causal effects may be confounded.
Recruitment Promotion via Twitter: A Network-centric Approach of Analyzing Community Engagement Using Social Identity
Authors: Ng Lynnette Hui Xian , Cruickshank Iain J. 
Published: August 2023

With the proliferation of online technologies, social media recruitment has become an essential part of any company’s outreach campaign. A social media platform can provide marketing posts with access to a large pool of candidates and at a low cost. It also provides the opportunity to quickly customize and refine messages in response to the reception. With online marketing, the key question is: which communities are attracted by recruitment tweets on social media?
In this work, we profile the Twitter accounts that interact with a set of recruitment tweets by the U.S. Army’s Recruitment Command through a network-centric perspective. By harnessing how users signal their affiliations through user information, we extract and analyze communities of social identities. From Social Identity Theory, these social identities can be critical drivers of behavior, like the decision to enlist in the military. With this framework, we evaluate the effectiveness of the U.S. Army’s recruitment campaign on Twitter, observing that these campaigns typically attract communities with military exposure like veterans or those that identify with professional careers and fitness (e.g., student, professionals, athletes). The campaign also attracts, but at a much lower level, interaction from those in the digital industries—data scientists, cybersecurity professionals, and so forth. When analyzing the accounts in terms of their degree of automation, we find a set of intent-unknown bot accounts interacting with the tweets, and that many of the recruitment accounts are perceived as automated accounts. These observations can aid in campaign refinement: targeting the digital community and getting a broader reach for online recruitment publicity campaigns.