bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of perceptual‐motor exercises and physical activity on the cognitive, motor, and academic skills of children with learning disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Fathi Azar Elahe , Mirzaie Hooshang , Jamshidian Ehsan , Hojati Elahe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with specific learning disorders (SLD) may have issues in cognitive, motor, and academic skills, affecting their mental health and level of participation in academic and nonacademic activities at school and in everyday life. Research shows that perceptual–motor (PM) exercises and physical activities can improve the cognitive and motor skills of typically developing children. To use PM exercises as an intervention in clinical practice for children with learning disorders, or to use it in future research, it seems necessary to discuss and summarize the existing documents in this group of children.ObjectivesWe aimed to appraise the extent, and the quality of studies about PM interventions for enhancing cognitive, motor, and academic skills in children with learning disorders.MethodsThe search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 were searched in the following scientific databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Science direct, and Google Scholar. The study eligibility criteria were previously established according to the PICOS model. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool (ROB2) was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsThe initial search yielded 2160 studies among which 10 studies were systematically reviewed. The total number of participants was 483 children (intervention: 251; control: 232). Findings showed significant improvements in cognitive skills (n = 7/8) such as working memory, attention, and information processing speed. In addition, studies showed that PM and physical activity interventions could increase academic performance (n = 4/5) and motor skills (n = 5/5) in children with LD. Results regarding the mental health effects of PM exercises (n = 1/3) are few in number and contradicting.DiscussionPM exercises may positively affect cognitive, motor, and academic skills in children with SLD; However, due to the small number of studies, fair methodological quality, and high risk of bias, caution should be taken when interpreting the results.
An agenda for future research regarding the mental health of young people with care experience
Authors: Devaney John , Power Luke , Jacobs Paula , Davidson Gavin , Hiller Rachel , Martin Joanna , McCartan Claire , McCusker Pearse , McGuire Rosie , Phillips Alice , Roesch‐Marsh Autumn , Thapar Anita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYoung people who are currently or were previously in state care have consistently been found to have much higher rates of mental health and neurodevelopmental difficulties than the general youth population. While a number of high‐quality reviews highlight what research has been undertaken in relation to the mental health of young people with care experience and the gaps in our knowledge and understanding, there is, until now, no consensus, so far as we aware, as to where our collective research efforts should be directed with this important group. Through a series of UK wide workshops, we undertook a consultative process to identify an agreed research agenda between those with lived experience of being in care (n = 15), practitioners, policy makers and researchers (n = 59), for future research regarding the mental health of young people with care experience, including those who are neurodiverse/have a neurodevelopmental difficulty. This consensus statement identified 21 foci within four broad categories: how we conceptualize mental health; under‐studied populations; under‐studied topics; and underused methodologies. We hope that those who commission, fund and undertake research will engage in this discussion about the future agenda for research regarding the mental health of young people with care experience.
Roles of p38 MAPK signalling in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Shi Zheng‐wei , Zhu Lei , Song Zong‐rang , Liu Tuan‐jiang , Hao Ding‐jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common degenerative disease mediated by multiple factors. Because of its complex aetiology and pathology, no specific molecular mechanisms have yet been identified and no definitive treatments are currently available for IVDD. p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, part of the serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases family, is associated with the progression of IVDD, by mediating the inflammatory response, increasing extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, promoting cell apoptosis and senescence and suppressing cell proliferation and autophagy. Meanwhile, the inhibition of p38 MAPK signalling has a significant effect on IVDD treatment. In this review, we first summarize the regulation of p38 MAPK signalling and then highlight the changes in the expression of p38 MAPK signalling and their impact on pathological process of IVDD. Moreover, we discuss the current applications and future prospects of p38 MAPK as a therapeutic target for IVDD treatment.
Asset Smoothing and Consumption Smoothing: Disaster‐coping Strategies in Noncontiguous and Contiguous Destitute Areas
Authors: Zhou Li , Sun Jie , Hu Wuyang , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDo households sell assets in order to smooth consumption? The empirical evidence is mixed. Using household‐ and village‐level data in the context of China's poverty alleviation policy, we analyze the relationship between climate shocks and household coping behaviors from the perspective of whether coping strategies to deal with weather shocks are sensitive to the contiguity of destitute areas. Our results indicate that, unlike households living in noncontiguous destitute areas, households struck by weather shocks in contiguous destitute areas tended not to reduce or liquidate assets. To overcome weather shocks, households in contiguous destitute areas instead reduced household consumption, such as food consumption and increased nonfarm working hours. Our findings point to the possibility that the implicit assumption of consumption smoothing coupled with a failure to incorporate explicitly the factor of contiguous regions has led to seemingly divergent findings in the literature regarding consumption smoothing.
Destruction of Fraxinus angustifolia and Fraxinus ornus seeds under storage conditions caused by Epicoccum nigrum
Authors: Vemić Aleksandar , Popović Vladan , Janoušek Josef , Radulović Zlatan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the period of seed storage in 2019, stored Fraxinus angustifolia and F. ornus seeds showed signs of infection and fungus Epicoccum nigrum was isolated from mould and necrotic lesions on the seeds. In order to confirm the pathogenicity of E. nigrum towards F. angustifolia and F. ornus seeds, an experiment that included inoculation of seeds with E. nigrum and the assessment of germinability was performed. The inoculation with E. nigrum strain caused mould to around 20% of F. angustifolia and 58% of F. ornus, necrotic lesions to 96% of F. angustifolia and 92% of F. ornus, and decrease in germinability to 95% of F. angustifolia and 97% of F. ornus seeds. This study presented, for the first time, the ability of E. nigrum to cause high infection rates and reduced germinability of the F. angustifolia and F. ornus stored seeds. The transmission routes and possibilities for preventive strategies were discussed.
Respiratory phenotypes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as determined by respiratory questions on the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised and their relation to respiratory tests
Authors: Pinto Susana , Oliveira Santos Miguel , Gromicho Marta , Swash Michael , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeRespiratory insufficiency and its complications are the main cause of death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Respiratory symptoms are scored in questions Q10 (dyspnoea) and Q11 (orthopnoea) of the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS‐R). The association of respiratory test alterations with respiratory symptoms is unclear.MethodsPatients with ALS and progressive muscular atrophy were included. We retrospectively recorded demographic data, ALSFRS‐R, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures, mouth occlusion pressure at 100 ms, nocturnal oximetry (SpO2mean), arterial blood gases, and phrenic nerve amplitude (PhrenAmpl). Three groups were categorized: G1, normal Q10 and Q11; G2, abnormal Q10; and G3, abnormal Q10 and Q11 or only abnormal Q11. A binary logistic regression model explored independent predictors.ResultsWe included 276 patients (153 men, onset age = 62.6 ± 11.0 years, disease duration = 13.0 ± 9.6 months, spinal onset in 182) with mean survival of 40.1 ± 26.0 months. Gender, onset region, and disease duration were similar in G1 (n = 149), G2 (n = 78), and G3 (n = 49). Time to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was shorter in G3 (p < 0.001), but survival was similar. ALSFRS‐R subscores were significantly different (G1 > G2 > G3, p < 0.001), except for lower limb subscore (p = 0.077). G2 and G3 patients were older than G1 (p < 0.001), and had lower FVC, MIP, MEP, PhrenAmpl, and SpO2mean. Independent predictors for G2 were MIP and SpO2mean; for G3, the only independent predictor was PhrenAmpl.ConclusionsThese three distinct ALS phenotypic respiratory categories represent progressive stages of ventilatory dysfunction, supporting ALSFRS‐R clinical relevance. Orthopnoea is a severe symptom that should prompt NIV, phrenic nerve response being an independent predictor. Early NIV promotes similar survival for G2 and G3.
Proximity to oilseed rape fields affects plant pollination and pollinator‐mediated selection on a co‐flowering plant on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qiu Yizhi , Yan Xiaoping , Ma Hui , Wang Yuxian , Yang Rong , Opedal Øystein H. , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ecological effects of mass‐flowering crops on pollinator abundance and species richness of neighbouring habitats are well established, yet the potential evolutionary consequences remain unclear. We studied effects of proximity to a mass‐flowering crop on the pollination of local co‐flowering plants and on patterns of natural selection on a pollination‐generalised plant on the Tibetan Plateau. We recorded pollinator visitation rates and community composition at different distances (near vs. far) to oilseed rape (Brassica napus) fields in two habitat types and quantified pollinator‐mediated selection on attractive traits of Trollius ranunculoides. The proximity to oilseed rape increased pollinator visitation in neighbouring alpine meadows and changed pollinator composition in neighbouring shrub meadows. Trollius ranunculoides in the alpine meadow near oilseed rape received three times more pollinator visits (mainly bees) and consequently had a 16.5% increase in seed set but also received slightly more heterospecific pollen per stigma. In contrast, pollinator visitation to T. ranunculoides in the shrub meadow near oilseed rape was three times lower (mainly flies), leading to a 10.7% lower seed despite no effect on pollen deposition. The proximity to the oilseed rape field intensified pollinator‐mediated selection on flower size and weakened selection on flower height of T. ranunculoides in the alpine meadow but did not affect phenotypic selection on either trait in the shrub meadow. Our study highlights context‐dependent variation in plant–pollinator interactions close to mass‐flowering oilseed rape, suggesting potential effects on the evolution of flower traits of native plants through altered pollinator‐mediated selection. However, context dependence may make these effects difficult to predict.
High‐cycle and very‐high‐cycle fatigue behavior at two stress ratios of Ti‐6Al‐4V manufactured via laser powder bed fusion with different surface states
Authors: Fu Rui , Zheng Liang , Zhong Zheng , Hong Youshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) and very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of Ti‐6Al‐4V manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L‐PBF) was investigated to reveal the effects of surface roughness and stress ratio on fatigue performance. Fatigue tests were performed by an ultrasonic vibration machine with a frequency of 20 kHz. The fatigue strength of surface‐polished specimens is generally higher than that of as‐built specimens in HCF and VHCF regimes. Fatigue cracks initiated from the subsurface of as‐built and surface‐polished L‐PBF Ti‐6Al‐4V. The values of size and depth for the defects that acted as fatigue crack origins present large scattering for L‐PBF Ti‐6Al‐4V due to the interaction between surface roughness and subsurface defects. For surface‐polished L‐PBF Ti‐6Al‐4V, fatigue cracks have almost the same resistance to propagation at both stress ratios of R = −1 and 0.7.
Satellite‐based evidence highlights a considerable increase of urban tree cooling benefits from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Zhao Jiacheng , Zhao Xiang , Wu Donghai , Meili Naika , Fatichi Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTree planting is a prevalent strategy to mitigate urban heat. Tree cooling efficiency (TCE), defined as the temperature reduction for a 1% tree cover increase, plays an important role in urban climate as it regulates the capacity of trees to alter the surface energy and water budget. However, the spatial variation and more importantly, temporal heterogeneity of TCE in global cities are not fully explored. Here, we used Landsat‐based tree cover and land surface temperature (LST) to compare TCEs at a reference air temperature and tree cover level across 806 global cities and to explore their potential drivers with a boosted regression tree (BRT) machine learning model. From the results, we found that TCE is spatially regulated by not only leaf area index (LAI) but climate variables and anthropogenic factors especially city albedo, without a specific variable dominating the others. However, such spatial difference is attenuated by the decrease of TCE with tree cover, most pronounced in midlatitude cities. During the period 2000–2015, more than 90% of analyzed cities showed an increasing trend in TCE, which is likely explained by a combined result of the increase in LAI, intensified solar radiation due to decreased aerosol content, increase in urban vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decrease of city albedo. Concurrently, significant urban afforestation occurred across many cities showing a global city‐scale mean tree cover increase of 5.3 ± 3.8% from 2000 to 2015. Over the growing season, such increases combined with an increasing TCE were estimated to on average yield a midday surface cooling of 1.5 ± 1.3°C in tree‐covered urban areas. These results are offering new insights into the use of urban afforestation as an adaptation to global warming and urban planners may leverage them to provide more cooling benefits if trees are primarily planted for this purpose.
A Reappraisal of the40Ar/38ArDating Technique via Irradiation withγ‐Rays
Authors: Hopp Jens , Vogt Manfred , Schwarz Winfried H. , Trieloff Mario 
Published: March 2023

In a reconnaissance study, we investigated the potential of γ‐ray induced production of38ArKfrom39K for geochronological applications. For this purpose, various age monitors commonly in use for the established40Ar/39Ar‐method were co‐irradiated for 60 h at 17.6 MeV maximum energy in the ELBE facility, Dresden‐Rossendorf, Germany. Because the available energy was low, total production of38ArKwas depressed, leading to lowJ38‐values of (2.1–4.1) × 10‐6and hence resulted in only minor38Ar excess when compared with atmospheric38Ar/36Ar ratios. In spite of these restrictions, ages of younger monitors could be reproduced within error, whereas older age reference materials showed discrepancies due to the low production rate. We observed Ca‐derived contributions on36Ar in analysed CaF2reference materials, and calculated a limit for Ca‐interference on38ArCaof (38Ar/36Ar)Ca = 0.07 ± 0.03 (1s). In addition, we investigated a potential recoil redistribution of38Ar by stepwise heating experiments, but could not quantify this further because of concurring processes. More work at higher photon energies is necessary to resolve other open issues, in particular the potential of utilising40Ar/37Ar ratios for age determination and the possibility of42Ar production from44Ca, which would allow correction for Ca‐interference reactions on other Ar isotopes. This would be a pre‐requisite for dating extra‐terrestrial rocks.
Researchers support preprints and open access publishing, but with reservations: A questionnaire survey of MBSJ members
Authors: Ide Kazuki , Nakayama Jun‐ichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the 1990s, journals have become increasingly online and open access. In fact, about 50% of articles published in 2021 were open access. The use of preprints (i.e., non‐peer‐reviewed articles) has also increased. However, there is limited awareness of these concepts among academics. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire‐based survey among members of the Molecular Biology Society of Japan. The survey was conducted between September 2022 and October 2022, with 633 respondents, 500 of whom (79.0%) were faculty members. In total, 478 (76.6%) respondents had published articles as open access, and 571 (91.5%) wanted to publish their articles in open access. Although 540 (86.5%) respondents knew about preprints, only 183 (33.9%) had posted preprints before. In the open‐ended section of the questionnaire survey, several comments were made about the cost burdens associated with open access and the difficulty of how academic preprints are handled. Although open access is widespread, and recognition of preprints is increasing, some issues remain that need to be addressed. Academic and institutional support, and transformative agreement may help reduce the cost burden. Guidelines for handling preprints in academia are also important for responding to changes in the research environment.
An expert consensus to define how higher standards of equitable care for von Willebrand disease can be achieved in the UK and Republic of Ireland
Authors: Laffan Mike , Benson Gary , Farrelly Cathy , Gomez Keith , Jones April , Maclean Rhona , O'Donnell James , Lavin Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionVon Willebrand Disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. However, recognition of the disease by both the public and healthcare professionals lags behind that of other bleeding disorders, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment for patients. Updated national guidelines are needed to highlight an appropriate pathway for managing VWD patients in a timelier manner.AimTo identify ways in which care for VWD can be achieved on a more equitable basis.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi approach, a panel of VWD experts developed 29 statements across five key themes. These were used to form an online survey that was distributed to healthcare professionals involved in VWD care across the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI). Stopping criteria comprised 50 responses received, a 3‐month window for response (February—April 2022) and 90% of statements passing consensus threshold. Threshold for consensus for each statement was agreed at 75%.ResultsA total of 66 responses were analysed with 29/29 statements achieving consensus of which 27 attained ≥90% agreement. From the high degree of consensus, eight recommendations were derived regarding how detection and management of VWD can be improved to provide equity of care between men and women.ConclusionImplementation of these eight recommendations across the VWD pathway has the potential to raise the standard of care for patients in the UK and ROI by reducing delays to diagnosis and treatment initiation.
Process design for the production of peptides from whey protein isolate with targeted antimicrobial functionality
Authors: Innocente Nadia , Calligaris Sonia , Di Filippo Giulia , Melchior Sofia , Marino Marilena , Nicoli Maria Cristina 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe antimicrobial potential of peptides from whey proteins has been widely demonstrated. However, it is fundamental to design the best processing conditions able to form peptides with targeted antimicrobial functionalities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between process parameters (i.e. enzyme and hydrolysis time) and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. The in vitro hydrolysis was performed with Alcalase 2.4 and Protamex for 30–480 min reaching a hydrolysis degree higher than 90% after 120 min. As hydrolysis time increased peptide molecular weight decreased, and a different molecular weight profile was observed depending on the enzyme. Alcalase 2.4 was more prone to form peptides with molecular weight <0.4 kDa (80%) compared to Protamex (61%) after 480 min. The antimicrobial activity increased as the peptide molecular weight in the mixture decreased. Alcalase‐produced more active peptides against Salmonella regardless of the hydrolysis time. After 30 min, Protamex was more effective against Staph. aureus reducing its viability by 38.61% compared with Alcalase (18.94%). The same trend was maintained at 240 min. A strong linear correlation between the prevalence of peptides having MW < 0.4 kDa and the percentage of inhibition of each target pathogen was found. Results evidence the crucial role of process design to obtain peptides with targeted antimicrobial functionality, which could be potentially exploited to produce new functional ingredients. The latter may open new possibilities in the preservation of foods where the growth of alternative microorganisms could reduce the shelf‐life.
A multiple parameters fusion model based on hydrogen sulfide for accurately evaluating the freshness of lamb meat
Authors: Li Liang , Li Cheng , Zhang Dequan , Chen Li , Li Shaobo , Wang Wei , Zheng Xiaochun 
Published: March 2023

SummaryHydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an important freshness indicator of meat, can effectively reflect the degree of spoilage. However, establishing a multiple parameters fusion model with temperature correction to fit the relationship between the H2S concentration and other freshness indicators is still a challenge. In this study, the M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (LTL) of lamb was stored in air packaging at 0 °C, 4 °C, 8 °C, 12 °C and 25 °C, respectively, to monitor the changes of gaseous H2S and other fresh indicators. The correlation analysis indicates that H2S concentration is highly consistent with lamb meat freshness. During the analysis, the well‐fitted Stirling models show high statistical relationships between H2S and total viable count (TVC)/total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) values with the determination coefficients (R2) all exceeding 0.9000. Subsequently, the fusion freshness prediction models with the temperature corrections were successfully established by fusing the exponential models into the Stirling models. As verified, the fusion freshness prediction models based on H2S concentration can offer accurate predictions of the TVC and TVB‐N values of lamb meat at different temperatures with an R2 of 0.9352 and 0.8627, respectively. The proposed models might be used to accurately forecast and evaluate the freshness of meat in the process of storage.