bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucopenetrating Janus Nanoparticles For Field-Coverage Oral Cancer Chemoprevention
Authors: Habibi Nahal , Bissonnette Caroline , Pei Ping , Wang Daren , Chang Albert , Raymond Jeffery E. , Lahann Joerg , Mallery Susan R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Preemptive interventions have been postulated to provide superior therapeutic options, but their implementation has been restricted by the availability of broadly applicable local delivery systems.

Methods
We address this challenge by engineering a delivery vehicle, Janus nanoparticles (JNP), that combine the dual mucoadhesive properties of a first cationic chitosan compartment with a second hydrophobic poly(lactide-co-glycolide) release compartment. JNP are designed to avoid rapid mucus clearance while ensuring stable loading and controlled release of the IL-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab (TCZ).

Results
The JNP featured defined and monodispersed sizes with an average diameter of 327 nm and a PDI of 0.245, high circularities above 0.90 and supported controlled release of TCZ and effective internalization by oral keratinocytes. TCZ released from JNP retained its biological activity and effectively reduced both, soluble and membrane-bound IL-6Rα (71% and 50%). In full-thickness oral mucosal explants, 76% of the JNP breached the stratum corneum and in 41% were observed in the basal cell layer indicating excellent mucopenetrating properties. When tested in an aggressive OSCC xenograft model, TCZ-loaded JNP showed high levels of xenograft inhibition and outperformed all control groups with respect to inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, reduction in tumor size and reduced expression of the proto-oncogene ERG.

Conclusion
By combining critically required, yet orthogonal properties within the same nanoparticle design, the JNP in this study, demonstrate promise as precision delivery platforms for intraoral field-coverage chemoprevention, a vastly under-researched area of high clinical importance.
Langue and Parole of Investment Law
Authors: Vargiu Paolo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article identifies the principal signs forming the language of investment law and arbitration, isolating for each of them its signifier and its signified in light of how such signs are used by arbitrators, practitioners and scholars. In light of this analysis, investment arbitration is assessed from a semiotic standpoint in order to verify whether it is possible, under this perspective, to consider international investment law as a multilateralised branch of international law, with a common language, customs and rules rightly referred to by international arbitral tribunals, or if the term “international investment law” is merely a conventional expression that simply groups together a plurality of micro-systems with no significant link among each other to justify the arbitrators' establishment of a de facto system of precedent and the constant reference to a non-existent body of international law rules on foreign investment.
Philosophical Reflections on Child Poverty and Education
Authors: Terzi Lorella , Unterhalter Elaine , Suissa Judith 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe harmful effects of Covid 19 on children living in poverty have refocused attention on the complex nature of child poverty and the vexed question of its relationship to education. The paper examines a tension at the heart of much discussion of child poverty and education. On the one hand, education is often regarded as essential for children’s flourishing and a means by which children can “escape” poverty; yet on the other hand, education systems, institutions, and practices, often reflect and entrench the disadvantages associated with poverty. Narratives concerning education as an escape from poverty tend not to deal in any depth with the injustices associated with poverty, stressing instead the transformative potential of education. By contrast, largely sociological analyses of the ways in which schooling reproduces inequalities tend to stop short of developing a normative account of how education can contribute to transforming the structural injustices related to poverty and its effects on children’s lives. In working to move beyond this analytic impasse, the paper shows how the cluster of concepts, which Robeyns (2018) locates as central to the capability approach, give insights which help to address these two different lacunae. The notion of conversion factors highlights the significance of taking account of existing relationships in education, while the distinction between capabilities and functionings helps guide practices regarding the education of children living in poverty. Drawing on literature on the heightened inequalities associated with poor children’s experience of lack of schooling during the COVID pandemic, the paper sketches some of the ways in which sociological analysis and normative evaluation can be linked in taking forward an “ethically engaged political philosophy” (Wolff, 2018) to discuss child poverty and education in real schools.
The metaphysical underdetermination of time-reversal invariance
Authors: López Cristian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the concept of time-reversal invariance in physics suffers from metaphysical underdetermination, that is, that the concept may be understood differently depending on one’s metaphysics about time, laws, and a theory’s basic properties. This metaphysical under-determinacy also affects subsidiary debates in philosophy of physics that rely on the concept of time-reversal invariance, paradigmatically the problem of the arrow of time. I bring up three cases that, I believe, fairly illustrate my point. I conclude, on the one hand, that any formal representation of time reversal should be explicit about the metaphysical assumptions of the concept that it intends to represent; on the other, that philosophical arguments that rely on time reversal to argue against a direction of time require additional premises.
Phosphorus Deactivation on Co-based Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch
Authors: Ivanez Oscar , Groven Anette S. , Rout Kumar R. , Blekkan Edd A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of phosphorus on a cobalt-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) has been investigated. Phosphorus is an impurity present in biomass and, in this work, its deposition on the catalyst during biomass to liquid (BTL) operation, based on gasification and FTS, has been mimicked. For this purpose, four different cobalt-manganese-rhenium catalysts supported on alumina were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different phosphorus loadings. The results showed that below 800 ppm of phosphorus, the catalysts performance was not significantly affected, possibly because the interaction of phosphorus mainly was with the alumina support. However, above this threshold, the effect of phosphorus was noticeable with a decrease in intrinsic activity. The reduced performance can be attributed to a physical blocking of cobalt sites. But, in all poisoned catalysts, the product distribution was affected and shifted towards less valuable products as methane and light paraffins. The electronegativity of phosphorus might be the cause for this effect, as the effective H2/CO ratio on the catalyst surface may be increased due to a weakened metal-CO bonding and consequently, the selectivity of the hydrogenated products increased.
Multi-objective optimization of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported embankments
Authors: Guo Xiangfeng , Pham Tuan A. , Dias Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe design of geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankments is traditionally optimized by searching for the most cost-effective solution among several workable candidates. The candidates are usually based on experiences of engineers, and the real optimal design could be therefore missed. This paper intends to address the above-mentioned issue by systematically optimizing the design of GRPS embankments considering simultaneously the cost and the safety in the entire design space. It is thus a multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem that differs from the studies only focusing on minimizing the construction cost. A practical MOO procedure is proposed in this paper, and it is applied to an illustrative GRPS embankment case. A set of nondominated optimal designs (Pareto front) are obtained at first, allowing an informed design decision. Then, four candidates located on the Pareto front are highlighted. Each of them represents an attractive design: the safest, the least-cost, the best trade-off (knee point) considering the two objectives, and the cheapest one for a target safety requirement. Finally, the optimal design can be selected from these four candidates depending on specific project purposes. For the case study, the knee point design leads to improvements in both the two defined objectives (i.e., decreased cost and increased safety) compared to the initial design, showing great benefits of performing a MOO analysis. By using the procedure, the optimal designs are also efficiently determined for the cases of different embankment heights.
Artificial intelligence in patient-specific hand surgery: a scoping review of literature
Authors: Keller Marco , Guebeli Alissa , Thieringer Florian , Honigmann Philipp 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The implementation of artificial intelligence in hand surgery and rehabilitation is gaining popularity. The purpose of this scoping review was to give an overview of implementations of artificial intelligence in hand surgery and rehabilitation and their current significance in clinical practice.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Collaboration libraries was conducted. The review was conducted according to the framework outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. A narrative summary of the papers is presented to give an orienting overview of this rapidly evolving topic.

Results
Primary search yielded 435 articles. After application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria and addition of supplementary search, 235 articles were included in the final review. In order to facilitate navigation through this heterogenous field, the articles were clustered into four groups of thematically related publications. The most common applications of artificial intelligence in hand surgery and rehabilitation target automated image analysis of anatomic structures, fracture detection and localization and automated screening for other hand and wrist pathologies such as carpal tunnel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis. Compared to other medical subspecialties the number of applications in hand surgery is still small.

Conclusion
Although various promising applications of artificial intelligence in hand surgery and rehabilitation show strong performances, their implementation mostly takes place within the context of experimental studies. Therefore, their use in daily clinical routine is still limited.
Therapeutic and Supportive Effects of Cannabinoids in Patients with Brain Tumors (CBD Oil and Cannabis)
Authors: Rodriguez-Almaraz J. Eduardo , Butowski Nicholas 
Published: January 2023

Opinion statementThe potential medicinal properties of Cannabis continue to garner attention, especially in the brain tumor domain. This attention is centered on quality of life and symptom management; however, it is amplified by a significant lack of therapeutic choices for this specific patient population. While the literature on this matter is young, published and anecdotal evidence imply that cannabis could be useful in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, stimulating appetite, reducing pain, and managing seizures. It may also decrease inflammation and cancer cell proliferation and survival, resulting in a benefit in overall patient survival. Current literature poses the challenge that it does not provide standardized guidance on dosing for the above potential indications and cannabis use is dominated by recreational purposes. Furthermore, integrated and longitudinal studies are needed but these are a challenge due to arcane laws surrounding the legality of such substances. The increasing need for evidence-based arguments about potential harms and benefits of cannabis, not only in cancer patients but for other medical use and recreational purposes, is desperately needed.
Descriptive versus causal morphology: gynandromorphism and intersexuality
Authors: Fusco Giuseppe , Minelli Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn animal species with separate sexes, abnormal individuals with a mix of phenotypically male and phenotypically female body parts are generally indicated as gynandromorphs, whereas individuals with intermediate sexual phenotypic traits are generally indicated as intersexes. However, this distinction, clear as it may seem, is neither universally agreed upon, nor free of critical issues. In consideration of the role of sex anomalies in understanding normal development, we reassess these phenomena of abnormal sexual development, taking into consideration the more recent advances in the study of sex determination and sexual differentiation. We argue that a distinction between gynandromorphism and intersexuality, although useful for descriptive purposes, is not always possible or sensible. We discuss the conceptual and terminological intricacies of the literature on this subject and provide reasons for largely, although not strictly, preferring a terminology based on descriptive rather than causal morphology, that is, on the observed phenotypic patterns rather on the causal process behind them.
Monotonicity Formulas for Harmonic Functions in $$\textrm{RCD}(0,N)$$ Spaces
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Violo Ivan Yuri 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe generalize to the$$\textrm{RCD}(0,N)$$RCD(0,N)setting a family of monotonicity formulas by Colding and Minicozzi for positive harmonic functions in Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature. Rigidity and almost rigidity statements are also proven, the second appearing to be new even in the smooth setting. Motivated by the recent work in Agostiniani et al. (Invent. Math. 222(3):1033–1101, 2020), we also introduce the notion of electrostatic potential in$$\textrm{RCD}$$RCDspaces, which also satisfies our monotonicity formulas. Our arguments are mainly based on new estimates for harmonic functions in$$\textrm{RCD}(K,N)$$RCD(K,N)spaces and on a new functional version of the ‘(almost) outer volume cone implies (almost) outer metric cone’ theorem.
Perceptual and Acoustic Analysis of Speech in Spinocerebellar ataxia Type 1
Authors: van Prooije Teije , Knuijt Simone , Oostveen Judith , Kapteijns Kirsten , Vogel Adam P. , van de Warrenburg Bart 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study characterizes the speech phenotype of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) using both perceptual and objective acoustic analysis of speech in a cohort of SCA1 patients. Twenty-seven symptomatic SCA1 patients in various disease stages (SARA score range: 3–32 points) and 18 sex and age matched healthy controls underwent a clinical assessment addressing ataxia severity, non-ataxia signs, cognitive functioning, and speech. Speech samples were perceptually rated by trained speech therapists, and acoustic metrics representing speech timing, vocal control, and voice quality were extracted. Perceptual analysis revealed reduced intelligibility and naturalness in speech samples of SCA1 patients. Acoustically, SCA1 patients presented with slower speech rate and diadochokinetic rate as well as longer syllable duration compared to healthy controls. No distinct abnormalities in voice quality in the acoustic analysis were detected at group level. Both the affected perceptual and acoustic variables correlated with ataxia severity. Longitudinal assessment of speech is needed to place changes in speech in the context of disease progression and potential response to treatment.
The Use of Oleaginous Yeasts and Microalgae Grown in Brewery Wastewater for Lipid Production and Nutrient Removal: A Review
Authors: Dias Carla , Santos José A. L. , Reis Alberto , Lopes da Silva Teresa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrewery wastewater has been proposed as an attractive low-cost substrate for microbial lipid production for oleaginous yeast and microalga with promising results. For each liter of beer produced, from 3 to 10 L of wastewater are generated which can be used as culture medium for autotrophic or heterotrophic metabolism. This strategy allows reducing the culture medium cost, as well as obtaining high lipid contents and other high value compounds which can make the process profitable. Additionally, the use of industrial effluents/wastes as substrates for microbial growth can be a strategy to treat them based on the circular economy rules. This review presents the different brewery wastewater treatment strategies using oleaginous yeast and microalga pure and mixed cultures for the concomitant wastewater treatment and lipids/carotenoids production so far reported, highlighting the benefits/disadvantages of such strategies and comparing their performance in terms of wastewater treatment, lipids and carotenoids production between pure and mixed cultures performance.
Graphical Abstract
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Inclusions on the Local Fatigue Strain in Superelastic NiTi Alloy
Authors: Koschella Kevin , Degel Christoph , Hempel Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe important role of inclusions for the fatigue behavior of Nitinol and the related service lifetime for medical devices is stated by numerous studies. Besides the well-known size effect on the fatigue limit, the corresponding crack initiation was observed preferably at particle-void-combinations. However, the detailed relationship of several geometrical inclusion properties and the resulting fatigue load remains not clear. To shed a light on this effects relationship, a numerical investigation was performed with a superelastic material behavior on a macroscopic framework. In the scope of this study, two-dimensional unit cells with fully embedded particles or particle-void-assemblies of different shapes and different relative orientations with respect to the load direction were evaluated. Additionally, those unit cells were subjected to different global strain amplitudes and mean strain levels. The careful evaluation of the results revealed a hierarchy of parameter effects on the fatigue strain. Besides the trivial relationship between global applied and local resulting fatigue load, the inclusion shape and the orientation were observed to show a strong effect on the local fatigue strain.
Investigation of the influence of multiple thermoforming processes on the properties of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics to enable structural reuse
Authors: von Freeden Justus , Rodenwaldt Ben , Nebel Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) are finding more and more applications in many industrial sectors. The growth in material use simultaneously leads to larger volumes of end-of-life materials and FRP are generally difficult to recycle. This also applies to FRP with a thermoplastic matrix. One possibility is the approach of structural reuse by reshaping continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (organosheets). In this process, end-of-life (EOL) components are remelted and formed back into semi-finished products. However, the multiple thermal processes can damage the matrix. In addition, the frequent forming processes lead to fiber breaks and displacements of the reinforcement architecture. In order to assess the level and impact of matrix and fiber damage, various forming and reforming processes were performed on selected materials, which were then investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy and tensile tests. The results of the ATR spectroscopy show no evidence of damage to the matrix. In contrast, slight to moderate decreases in the characteristic values as a result of multiple deformations can be observed in the results of the tensile tests. However, the experiments and material tests show the potential that this approach can produce high quality secondary materials. A comparison is made here with mechanically recycled and compounded injection molding materials.
The Swiss health care atlas—relaunch in scale
Authors: Jörg Reto , Zufferey Jonathan , Zumbrunnen Oliver , Kaiser Boris , Essig Stefan , Zwahlen Marcel , Schoch Tobias , Widmer Marcel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInspired by the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, an early version of the Swiss Atlas of Health Care (SAHC) was released in 2017. The SAHC provides an intuitive visualization of regional variations of medical care delivery and thus allows for a broad diffusion of the contents. That is why the SAHC became widely accepted amongst health care stakeholders. In 2021, the relaunch of the SAHC was initiated to update as well as significantly expand the scope of measures depicted on the platform, also integrating indicators for outpatient care in order to better reflect the linkages between inpatient and outpatient health care provision. In the course of this relaunch, the statistical and technical aspects of the SAHC have been reviewed and updated. This paper presents the key aspects of the relaunch project and provides helpful insights for similar endeavors elsewhere.
Dissolution of Glass–Ceramic Scaffolds of Bioactive Glasses 45S5 and S53P4
Authors: Aalto-Setälä Laura , Siekkinen Minna , Lindfors Nina , Hupa Leena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough the initial in vitro dissolution of bioactive glasses (BAG) is well characterized, the long-term behaviour of crystallized BAG scaffolds in a continuous fluid flow is incompletely understood. A detailed understanding of the long-term dissolution of scaffolds is vital for predicting their behaviour in clinical applications. Here, we explored the dissolution and reaction mechanisms of partly crystalline and glass–ceramic scaffolds based on the bioactive glasses S53P4 and 45S5 using a continuous flow-through method in Tris-buffer (Tris) and simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 21 days. Granules of the parent glasses were used as references. The main crystalline phase in both scaffolds was sodium-calcium-silicate. The scaffolds’ dissolution suggested that the sodium-calcium-silicate crystals dissolved incongruently to yield hydrous silica. The silica phase then provided abundant nucleation sites for hydroxyapatite precipitation, resulting in fine-grained crystalline structures. When exposed to Tris, the scaffolds almost completely dissolved within the test period, leaving only highly porous remnant phases. For the 45S5 scaffolds, the calcium phosphate reaction layers that formed on their surfaces effectively slowed the dissolution in SBF. In contrast, this effect was less apparent for the S53P4 specimens.