bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the corrosion mechanism of Mg–Gd based soluble magnesium alloys with different initial texture states
Authors: Zhu Yanchun , Wang Niulin , Chu Zhibing , Niu Yong , Ma Liang , Qin Ling 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to clarify the influence of different initial texture states on the corrosion mechanism of soluble Mg alloy materials, the as cast and after extruded + perforated (EP) deformed Mg–Gd based soluble magnesium alloys are investigated by the microstructure, surface morphology, surface volta potential, immersion test and electrochemical measurement separately. The results indicate that: the rate of corrosion of the as cast Mg–Gd based soluble magnesium alloy can reach 43.85 mg/cm2/h at 93 °C in a 3 wt% KCl solution, while after EP deformation the rate of corrosion is greatly reduced to only 8.37 mg/cm2/h. Combined with the microstructure analysis, it is concluded that the EP deformed destroyed the coarse reticulated second phase in the as cast structure, which reduced the micro-electrocouple corrosion effect of the second phase. Finally, the corrosion mechanism models for different initial texture states are established through the analysis of microstructure and corrosion morphology, respectively. It is found that the microscopic corrosion mechanism of the as cast Mg–Gd based soluble magnesium alloy is mainly intercrystalline corrosion, which is a superposition of micro-electrocouple corrosion and Mg matrix dissolution. While the microscopic corrosion mechanism of the EP deformed is mainly intracrystalline corrosion, which is manifested as pitting corrosion.
Impacts of micro-size PbO on the gamma-ray shielding performance of polyepoxide resin
Authors: Alorain Dalal A. , Sayyed M. I. , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Mahmoud K. G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A series of polyepoxide resins doped by lead oxide with low concentrations were fabricated in order to study the impacts of low PbO concentrations on the fabricated composites’ physical- and radiation-shielding properties. The epoxide resin was reinforced with the PbO compound with concentrations 0, 5, and 10 wt%. The density measurements affirmed that by elevating the PbO concentration between 0 and 10 wt%, the composites’ density increased from 1.103 to 1.185 g·cm−3. This low-density increase was echoed in the fabricated composites’ radiation-shielding properties, where the Monte Carlo simulation code affirmed a linear attenuation coefficient increase by factors of 230%, 218%, 24%, and 10%, respectively, at 59, 121, 356, and 662 keV. The half-value layer, mean free path, and transmission factor indicated a linear attenuation coefficient enhancement.
Transforming text into knowledge graph: Extracting and structuring information from spatial development plans
Authors: Kaczmarek Iwona 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article explores how natural language processing techniques can be applied to extract information from spatial planning documents and how this information can be represented in a knowledge graph. The proposed method uses named entity recognition to extract relevant information from text and structure it into labels and corresponding values. The extracted information is represented in the form of a knowledge graph, which allows for better understanding and management of complex relationships between different elements in spatial planning documents. For this purpose, a dedicated ontology was developed. The research demonstrates that the proposed method achieves good results with high precision, recall, and F1 scores for all entity types, with particularly remarkable results for biologically active area predictions. The practical application of this method in spatial planning can contribute to improving decision-making processes and streamlined collaboration between different entities involved in spatial planning.
A symmetrical exponential model of soil temperature in temperate steppe regions of China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Du Huishi , Sun Shuangyuan , Wang Yitong , Wang Ting , Li Linghui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Global warming has caused changes in various ecological processes and has potential to change ecosystems’ stability. In spite of comprehensive studies to investigate air temperatures under global warming, much less is known about changes in soil temperatures, particularly in deep layers. Herein, we used 30 years of soil temperature data from a temperate steppe region to assess vertical characteristics and their changes in soil temperature from the surface to a depth of 3.20 m. We determined, apparently for the first time, that the soil temperature is the lowest at 0.2 cm layer at an annual level. Furthermore, the vertical variation of soil temperature (temperature variation with soil depth) strictly conformed to composite exponential function curves, and there were two composite exponential function curves that are symmetric to each other, to represent soil temperature in a pair of months with a difference of 6 months. Parameters in the functions changed as the soil warmed over 30 years. This finding explored the pattern of soil temperature in deep layers depending on the mathematics model. Model building and understanding is beneficial for predicting vertical and temporal extensions of soil temperature and their impact on below-ground processes in regional ecosystem.
Reducing total nitrogen and dimethyl sulfide content of dry malt extract powder via spray-freeze drying method
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Ma Wenyan , Xu Qing , Tian Wei , Dai Xiaoyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dry malt extract (DME) is powder prepared by dehydrating the wort, which is mainly produced by spray drying on the market. In addition, the beer industry has problems with the nitrogen content of wort, which is not easily controlled, and with the undesired volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is caused unpleasant odors in beer. In this study, DME was prepared using spray-freeze drying (SFD) technology by comparing with freeze dried DME and spray dried DME. The results show that SFD can be used as a novel engineering technique to improve the physical properties of DME having a narrow particle size distribution as well as high solubility and flowability. The freezing process was found to migrate proteins to the droplet surface by elemental analysis, and the drying process partially modified the surface protein and SFD powder fragility characteristics to achieve the purpose of reducing nitrogen content in DME.
Robust variance estimation and inference for causal effect estimation
Authors: Tran Linh , Petersen Maya , Schwab Joshua , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present two novel approaches to variance estimation of semi-parametric efficient point estimators of the treatment-specific mean: (i) a robust approach that directly targets the variance of the influence function (IF) as a counterfactual mean outcome and (ii) a modified non-parametric bootstrap-based approach. The performance of these approaches to variance estimation is compared to variance estimation based on the sample variance of the empirical IF in simulations across different levels of positivity violations and treatment effect sizes. In this article, we focus on estimation of the nuisance parameters using correctly specified parametric models for the treatment mechanism in order to highlight the challenges posed by violation of positivity assumptions (distinct from the challenges posed by non-parametric estimation of the nuisance parameters). Results demonstrate that (1) variance estimation based on the empirical IF may provide highly anti-conservative confidence interval coverage (as reported previously), (2) the proposed robust approach to variance estimation in this setting provides conservative coverage, and (3) the proposed modified bootstrap maintains close to nominal coverage and improves power. In the appendix, we (a) generalize the robust approach of estimating variance to marginal structural working models and (b) provide a proof of the consistency of the targeted minimum loss-based estimation bootstrap.
The protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the nephrotoxicity induced by α-cypermethrin
Authors: Nur Gokhan , Caylak Emrah , Deveci Haci Ahmet , Kılıcle Pinar Aksu , Deveci Ayla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Alpha cypermethrin (α-CYP) is an insecticide, a member of the group of synthetic pyrethroid pesticides. This study aims to assess the histopathological and biochemical subacute effects of α-CYP on the renal tissues of 48 male Spraque–Dawley adult rats. In this study, the rats were divided into six groups: control, α-CYP (10 mg kg−1), α-CYP (20 mg kg−1), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) (10 µmol kg−1), α-CYP + CAPE (10 mg kg−1), and α-CYP + CAPE (20 mg kg−1) groups. The percentage of weight gain was found to be dose-dependent on α-CYP in all groups. As a result of exposure, the normal histological structure of renal tissue was also observed in the control and CAPE groups, while glomerular atrophy and haemorrhage, enlargement of Bowman capsule, glomerular lobulation, and degeneration in distal and proximal tubules were noted in the α-CYP-treated groups with an increased frequency and severity in parallel with the dose increase. Although the severity and intensity of lesions decreased in the α-CYP + CAPE groups, they were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). A decrease in the antioxidant parameter levels and an increase in oxidant parameters were observed in parallel with the negative effects of the antioxidant system in the α-CYP-treated groups. The groups exposed to CAPE in combination with α-CYP exhibited a therapeutic trend towards normalization in biochemical parameters due to the antioxidant character of CAPE. However, considering the statistical difference between the groups treated with α-CYP alone and CAPE alone, it was observed that the therapeutic features of those chemicals were not robust.
Der Gegenstand der germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft im Spiegel der Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik (ZGL)
Authors: Zifonun Gisela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
What is the subject of German linguistics? This seemingly simple question has no obvious answer. In the ZGL’s first issue, the editors required contributions to cover the whole of the German language and to be theoretically sound but application-orientated, whereas the current ZGL-homepage defines the German language of present and history in all its differentiations as its subject matter.
Looking through the fifty volumes of ZGL, three relationships can be identified as presumably enlightening the role of language, in particular the German language: language and mind; language and language use; language and culture. Though of a different systematic type, language and data should be added as an increasingly important pairing for conceptualizing language. On this basis, I also discuss the position of linguistic studies of the German language, mirrored in the ZGL-volumes, between social, cultural and natural sciences, as well as the corresponding epistemic approaches – like explaining vs. understanding.
LP-Conjugation: Unraveling Time Series Dynamics through Chaotic Map Convolution
Authors: Libao Merliza F. 
Published: August 2023

LP-Conjugation, introduced by Padua and Libao, is a versatile method used in solving the Inverse Frobenius-Perron problem (IFPP) for chaotic systems based on time series data. While their initial work focused on the logistic map and prime gap data, this article highlights the broader significance of LP-Conjugation as a powerful tool for the IFPP. Any chaotic map can be employed with established chaotic time series data to reconstruct unknown maps. LP-Conjugation utilizes a known chaotic map ?(?) and invariant distribution F(?) to construct an unknown chaotic map ?(?) with known invariant distribution H(?). The article presents a detailed proof, illustrating the method's robustness and adaptability. Further illustrations on how to construct a chaotic map from this logistic-based chaotic map sample is also provided. Real-world examples demonstrate LP-Conjugation's efficacy in diverse applications, solidifying its role as a valuable approach for solving the IFPP and understanding chaotic dynamics.
Thermal and microwave-absorbing properties of doped polyaniline–epoxy nanocomposites for stealth applications
Authors: Pratap Vivek , Hussain Aasim , Katiyar Rajesh , Soni Amit K. , Katiyar Mohit , Agarwal Kavita , Baskey Himangshu B. , Dubey Ashish , Abbas S. M. , Nath Ravindra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe thermal properties of polymeric nanocomposites can be examined using TGA and DSC techniques, while dielectric properties can be examined through simulated scattering (S11, S12, S21, and S22) parameters. Polyaniline (PAni) nanopowder was synthesized using chemical oxidative polymerization techniques. Consequently, the crystallite size and morphology of the synthesized powder were examined using the XRD, TEM, and FESEM techniques. Further, a series of polymeric nanocomposites was developed via wet mixing and compressor molding techniques for various volume percentages (54.0, 57.5, 60.1, and 61.7 vol%) of synthesized powder within PAni/epoxy composites. Consequently, dielectric and absorbing properties have been measured using a vector network analyzer and its software module. The computed complex permittivity data were used to evaluate the absorption for different thicknesses of samples. A minimum reflection loss of − 22.3 dB (> 99.9% absorption) was optimized with broadband frequency ranges. The unique heterostructures of nanocomposite are responsible for the enhanced absorption and shielding performance.
Graphical abstract
Effects of sucrose on fresh-state and setting properties of air lime
Authors: Pesce Cecilia , Pesce Giovanni , Molinari Marco , Corradi Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of sustainable additives such as sucrose for improving the properties of lime-based materials can contribute to a wider use of such low-carbon binders with applications in both civil engineering and conservation of the built heritage. Various sucrose-modified lime pastes were prepared, and their microstructure, fresh and hardened properties, and carbonation rate were assessed with an array of analytical techniques. It was found that sucrose acts as a water-reducing agent with relevant effects on both, fresh and hardened properties of pastes while allowing carbonation to occur homogeneously across the whole sample without the formation of carbonation rims. Such effects were enhanced when sucrose was added to the mixture after the slaking as pastes show higher mechanical strength and carbonate at a slower rate. When sucrose was added before the slaking, pastes show high elasticity, low mechanical strength, and carbonate faster due to their fine microstructure.
A Toxicological Study on Seed Extracts of Asparagus Racemosus Linn (Ethanolic and Water) in Experimental Animals
Authors: Dubey Anubhav , Ghosh Niladry S. , Singh Ranjit 
Published: August 2023

The study investigated the in-vivo oral acute toxicity and in-vitro cytotoxicity (Neutral red assay (NRU) by Aqueous and Ethanol extract of Asparagus racemosus Linn seed. In this in-vivo study, water extract was found to be more toxic to zebrafish. The medium lethal concentration (LD50) values of water and ethanol extract were 1070.8 mg/L and 1822.4 mg/L respectively for 96 hours of exposure. The correlation coefficient of water and ethanol extract were 0.972 and 0.9829 for linear regression curves between extract concentration and death percentage. In the study also 50% to 100 % mortality was observed with 968mg/L and 2129.6 mg/L water extract, whereas only 28.57% and 57.14% mortality were observed for ethanol extract in the same concentration range. The lower concentrations, such as 90.90 mg/L, 200mg/L and 440 mg/L having no mortality, were considered safe for zebrafish. In in vitro study (NRU assay) on the SH-SY5Y cell line, the same trend was observed where water extract was found to be more toxic to the cell line. The results indicate that 43% of cell death was caused by Ethanolic extract at 500 μg/ml concentration. Hence, the IC50 value was found to be 562.1 μg/ml, whereas approximately 52% cell inhibition was recorded at only 100 μg/mL of aqueous extract. Hence, the IC50 value was found to be 114.7 μg/ml for aqueous extract. Both studies showed that the ethanol extract was less toxic, hence more effective compared to the water extract.
Triple whammy in pandemic: COVID-19, mucormycosis and myiasis
Authors: Sood Rachit , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Priya Madhu , Singh Arpana , Mathuria Yogendra Pratap , Suji PS  , Saikia Rosy , Malhotra Manu 
Published: August 2023

Mucormycosis is a fatal opportunistic fungal infection most commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals. The mortality can vary depending on the extent of the disease, starting in the paranasal sinuses, reaching the orbit, and eventually spreading intracranially. The sudden surge of Mucormycosis along with COVID-19 infections has rightfully been described as an epidemic amidst a pandemic. While the exact etiological factor is still being investigated, uncontrolled diabetes seems to be the most common inciting factor. Mucormycosis being angioinvasive, often leads to thrombus formation in the vessels, which leads to the necrosis of the tissues and bones, most commonly the maxilla. This necrotic tissue forms an ideal culture for various organisms and is a potential source for maggots' infestation. The presence of nasal myiasis further worsens the clinical status of the patients, making them prone to life-threatening complications. Thus, nasal myiasis seems to be an independent prognosticating factor in such cases. Here, we have described two such cases, our approach to management and mortality despite the best possible management.Two cases are being presented of elderly patients with comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Both patients had a recent onset of COVID-19 and presented with intraorbital and intracranial disease extension along with nasal myiasis. Both patients succumbed to the fulminant pathology despite aggressive management.Mucormycosis, COVID-19 and nasal myiasis combine together to form a fatal triad, which despite early identification and aggressive management, carries a poor prognosis.
Unveiling the Mechanisms of Aeromonas hydrophila COF_AHE51 Induced Mortality in Labeo rohita: Hemato-biochemical and Immune-Pathological Perspectives
Authors: Laltlanmawia C. , Saha Himadri , Ghosh Lija , Saha Ratan Kumar , Malla Supratim 
Published: August 2023

Background: This study presents the successful isolation and comprehensive characterization of a selected virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila, denoted COF_AHE51, which was identified as the causative agent behind mass fish mortality in an aquaculture pond in Tripura. Methods: The identification of this species was achieved through morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. The pathogenicity was assessed by fulfilling Koch’s postulate, determination of haemato-biochemical and immune-pathophysiological parameters and histopathological study. The antimicrobial resistance was examined by performing antibiotic sensitivity test. Result: Experimental infection of Labeo rohita with COF_AHE51 resulted in the development of hallmark clinical signs, such as haemorrhages, abdominal swelling, discoloration and tail and fin rot. The calculated LD50 of the pathogenic strain was 1.4x106 cfu/fish. In-depth hematological and immunological analyses, alongside histopathological examinations of affected tissues, revealed remarkable perturbations suggestive of systemic bacterial septicaemia. Furthermore, the strain was observed to be resistant to several commonly used antibiotics, including kanamycin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and ampicillin, accentuating the considerable threat posed by A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture settings.
Network Pharmacology-based Investigation and Experimental Discovery of Resveratrol’s Mechanism of Liver Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage
Authors: Demýrhan I. , Kurutas E.B. , Oner E. 
Published: August 2023

Background: This study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of RSV against oxidative stress damage which we induced an experimental liver Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in rats. Methods: Female albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 8). Contrast to the control group, 1 ml saline (0.09 % NaCl) was administered intraperitoneally two days before the operation and after reperfusion in the sham group. 1 ml of 50 mg/kg Resveratrol was administered to the treatment group until two days before the operation. In addition, a single dose of 1 ml of Resveratrol was re-administered after reperfusion. The duration of liver ischemia/reperfusion was determined as 30 minutes in all groups. At the end of this experiment, antioxidant enzyme (CAT, SOD) activities and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as spectrophotometric in liver tissues homogenates. Result: Our study, tissue injuries were observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and Sham groups (p less than 0.001). In this study, significant decreases were observed in tissue MDA levels in the treatment group compared to the sham and control groups (p less than 0.001). In addition, antioxidant enzyme levels (SOD. CAT) were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to the control and Sham groups. Liver tissue samples were examined for hepatocyte damage and histopathological grade of the groups were shown. In our study, tissue injuries were observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and Sham groups (p less than 0.001). Liver edema, necrosis and PMNL infiltration were found to be decreased in the treatment group compared to the control group. The association of resveratrol with oxidative damage was also determined by network pharmacology analysis.
Determinação de As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn em chás pretos (Camellia sinensis L.) comercializados em supermercados de Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ
Authors: Vieira Hellen Gonçalves , Venial Henrique Jordem , Silva Francisco Luan Fonsêca , Lopes Gisele Simone , Matos Wladiana Oliveira , Almeida Cibele Maria Stivanin , Souza Murilo Oliveira 
Published: August 2023

Camellia sinensis L. is a small tree in the Theaceae family. From its leaves is produced a tea, which is the second most consumed non-alcoholic beverage in the world. The tea of this plant can bring several health benefits, however, some elements present in the leaves of Camellia sinensis L. are potentially toxic, for example, As, Cd and Pb; since they are among the ten chemical substances of major health risks. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after acid digestion of commercial samples of black tea from the plant Camellia sinensis L. acquired in supermarkets from Campos dos Goytacazes (Brazil). The detection limits for the elements were 0.5 mg kg−1 for As; 0.003 mg kg−1 for Cd; 0.02 mg kg−1 for Cr; 1.2 mg kg−1 for Cu; 0.09 mg kg−1 for Pb and 0.04 mg kg−1 for Zn. The concentrations found of the potentially toxic elements Cd and Pb in the black teas of Camellia sinensis L. are below the concentrations established by ANVISA (0.60 mg kg−1 and 0.40 mg kg−1, respectively).