bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the inscription to the extension of Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba, World Heritage Site: An example of successful transnational cooperation between Benin and Togo for the preservation of the site
Authors: Barry Alyssa , Akogni Paul , Ogou Franck , Alitonou Evelyne , Chen Xiangling , Tidjougouna Lucie , Moriset Sébastien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKoutammakou is a vast mountainous region shared by Benin and Togo. This living cultural landscape is an authentic reflection of the way of life of the Batammariba people who live there, a people who is constantly seeking harmony between Man and nature and for whom the Sikien, remarkable earthen tower houses, still represent an exceptional symbol of identity. In 2004, the Togolese part of the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List. Fifteen years later and thanks to the clear will of Benin and Togo, this ecosystem was inscribed on the Tentative List of Benin as a transboundary site in 2020. Thereafter, Benin firmly committed itself to the process of elaborating the site’s extension dossier, which was submitted to the World Heritage Centre in January 2021. This initiative is part of the dynamics of a proven transnational cooperation between the Beninese and Togolese States aiming at restoring the territorial integrity of Koutammakou. Moreover, the extension constitutes a major challenge towards improved management of the site for the benefit of the local communities that live there and keep it alive.
Transnational cooperation for effective management of World Heritage sites in Africa
Authors: Arinze Ogechukwu Madeleine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransnational cooperation is taking place at a staggering rate across a broad group of countries commonly referred to as the ‘Third World’ or ‘the South’. To complicate matters more, this cooperation is also taking place in the context of massive technological change, which is remapping the world’s economic geography. According to Dicken (1998), globalization is the financial, economic, social and political response to technological change.
Management and conservation of the Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls World Heritage property
Authors: Zulu John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls World Heritage property was granted World Heritage status on 15 December 1989 after the States Parties of Zambia and Zimbabwe submitted a joint nomination dossier to the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. The property was recognized for its ongoing geological processes, unique geomorphological formations and exceptional natural beauty, displayed through high water spray, daytime rainbows and distinctive lunar rainbows; these attributes convey the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) under criteria (vii) and (viii). The Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls has the widest curtain of waterfalls in the world, measuring 1,706 m, while its deepest point is 108 m. The property is renowned as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, and the only one of this status in Africa. It is a tourism icon for the two States Parties, and for Africa as a whole.
The challenges of transnational management of cultural and natural sites in Africa: The case of Cameroon
Authors: Biada Alice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe concept of ‘transnational management of cultural and natural sites’ can refer to the effective implementation of good practices and mechanisms at sites of cultural and/or natural significance, with a view to their sustainable management. Typically, these sites are located in contiguous areas of States that share the same borders and establish mutually agreed mechanisms for their management. The sustainable management of transboundary cultural, natural and mixed heritage sites in sub-Saharan African countries continues to pose enormous challenges, yet it could contribute to promoting peace in these countries, where the majority of the populations are victims of terrorism, social tensions and widespread poverty. Whether, for example, it is a question of the same protected area extending on both sides of a border as serial properties or a group of different sites, but linked by the same theme, the typology of transnational sites is diverse and requires the establishment of a transnational cooperation strategy that can provide mechanisms adapted to the African continent.
From the Environmentalism of the Poor and the Indigenous Toward Decolonial Environmental Justice
Authors: Roy Brototi , Hanaček Ksenija 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing from the need for distinct approaches in environmental justice (EJ) research, in this chapter, we choose decolonial EJ both theoretically and methodologically. Extractive projects are rooted in colonial logic. To illustrate the complexity behind this colonial logic, we trace multiple marginalities and oppression across different historical and social contexts in two different regions, the Arctic and India. The long-lasting colonial rush for the resources at the expense of the Global “South” (including the South in the North) shape environmental injustices along multiple mutually constituted axes of racial marginalization, poverty, gendered issue, and nature–culture relationship neglect. Thus, these intersectional ties must be problematized by engaging deeper with decolonial, Indigenous, and feminist scholarship as well as by using methodological and pedagogical aspects for decolonial research. This is because both decolonial thought and methods allow intersectional socio-environmental issues and contexts being addressed not only for the South but from the South as well. We discuss in this chapter, how ongoing research at the Barcelona school engages with these aspects, and that future research agenda needs to be more explicit and reflexive.
Building Biodiversity Knowledge: Mobilising Citizen Science
Authors: Huntley Brian John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSouth Africa enjoys a long history of biological exploration and documentation. However, until recently, much of this information remained inaccessible in herbaria, museums and libraries. During the 1970s and ‘80s, a strong tradition of cooperative research led to the rapid expansion of biodiversity knowledge through multidisciplinary biome and ecosystem projects, and through the preparation and publication of synthesis volumes and open access databases. Three projects – the Southern African Bird Atlas, the Red List of South African Plants, and the Custodians of Rare and Endangered Plants – are reviewed as models of cooperative citizen science initiatives, and the application of strategic opportunism in their implementation.
Logarithmic supertranslations and supertranslation-invariant Lorentz charges
Authors: Fuentealba Oscar , Henneaux Marc , Troessaert Cédric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We extend the BMS(4) group by adding logarithmic supertranslations. This is done by relaxing the boundary conditions on the metric and its conjugate momentum at spatial infinity in order to allow logarithmic terms of carefully designed form in the asymptotic expansion, while still preserving finiteness of the action. Standard theorems of the Hamiltonian formalism are used to derive the (finite) generators of the logarithmic supertranslations. As the ordinary supertranslations, these depend on a function of the angles. Ordinary and logarithmic supertranslations are then shown to form an abelian subalgebra with non-vanishing central extension. Because of this central term, one can make nonlinear redefinitions of the generators of the algebra so that the pure supertranslations (ℓ > 1 in a spherical harmonic expansion) and the logarithmic supertranslations have vanishing brackets with all the Poincaré generators, and, in particular, transform in the trivial representation of the Lorentz group. The symmetry algebra is then the direct sum of the Poincaré algebra and the infinite-dimensional abelian algebra formed by the pure supertranslations and the logarithmic supertranslations (with central extension). The pure supertranslations are thus completely decoupled from the standard Poincaré algebra in the asymptotic symmetry algebra. This implies in particular that one can provide a definition of the angular momentum which is manifestly free from supertranslation ambiguities. An intermediate redefinition providing a partial decoupling of the pure and logarithmic supertranslations is also given.
Renormalization of supersymmetric Lifshitz sigma models
Authors: Yan Ziqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the renormalization of an$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric Lifshitz sigma model in three dimensions. The sigma model exhibits worldvolume anisotropy in space and time around the high-energyz= 2 Lifshitz point, such that the worldvolume is endowed with a foliation structure along a preferred time direction. In curved backgrounds, the target-space geometry is equipped with two distinct metrics, and the interacting sigma model is power-counting renormalizable. At low energies, the theory naturally flows toward the relativistic sigma model where Lorentz symmetry emerges. In the superspace formalism, we develop a heat kernel method that is covariantized with respect to the bimetric target-space geometry, using which we evaluate the one-loop beta-functions of the Lifshitz sigma model. This study forms an essential step toward a thorough understanding of the quantum critical supermembrane as a candidate high-energy completion of the relativistic supermembrane.
The Effects of Statins on Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Multicenter Study
Authors: Sadeghdoust Mohammadamin , Aligolighasemabadi Farnaz , Dehesh Tania , Taefehshokr Nima , Sadeghdoust Adel , Kotfis Katarzyna , Hashemiattar Amirhossein , Ravandi Amir , Aligolighasemabadi Neda , Vakili Omid , Grabarek Beniamin , Staszkiewicz Rafał , Łos Marek J. , Mokarram Pooneh , Ghavami Saeid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this prospective cohort study was to explore the effect of statins on long-term respiratory symptoms and pulmonary fibrosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients were recruited from three tertiary hospitals, categorized into Statin or Non-statin groups, and assessed on days 0, 28, and 90 after symptoms onset to record the duration of symptoms. Pulmonary fibrosis was scored at baseline and follow-up time points by high-resolution computed tomography scans. Each group comprised 176 patients after propensity score matching. Data analysis revealed that the odds of having cough and dyspnea were significantly higher in the Non-statin group compared to the Statin group during the follow-up period. Overall, there was no significant difference in the change in pulmonary fibrosis score between groups. However, Non-statin patients with > 5 years of DM were more likely to exhibit a significantly higher fibrosis score during the follow-up period as compared to their peers in the Statin group. Our results suggest that the use of statins is associated with a lower risk of developing chronic cough and dyspnea in diabetic patients with COVID-19, and may reduce pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19 in patients with long-term (> 5 years) DM.
Graphical Abstract
Ernährungspraxis auf Intensivstationen: nutritionDay 2007–2021
Authors: Hiesmayr Michael , Fischer Arabella , Veraar Cecilia , Mora Bruno , Tarantino Silvia , Weimann Arved , Volkert Dorothee 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie klinische Praxis der Ernährungstherapie auf Intensivstationen, eine anerkannte Unterstützung von Patient*innen, die nicht selbst ausreichend essen können, basiert auf teils divergierenden Leitlinien und randomisierten Studien, die unterschiedliche Vorgangsweisen zum Standard erhoben. Zweck der aktuellen Analyse von Daten des nutritionDay-Projekts ist es, die derzeit weltweite klinische Praxis mit jener in Europa sowie in der Region Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz (DACH) zu vergleichen. Zwischen den Jahren 2007 und 2021 wurden Daten von 18.918 Patient*innen, die in 1595 Intensivstationen aufgenommen waren, in einer Querschnittsuntersuchung online erfasst. Die Untersuchung verfolgt das Ziel, alle an einem Tag anwesenden Patient*innen zu erfassen. Die mediane Aufenthaltsdauer bei der Erfassung war Tag 4. Patient*innen unterschieden sich gering zwischen den Regionen mit einem medianen Alter von 64 Jahren und einem Frauenanteil von 40 %. Die Patient*innen waren zur Hälfte beatmet, in 29 % sediert und erhielten in 10 % eine Nierenersatztherapie. Nach 60 Tagen war die Hälfte nach Hause entlassen und ein Viertel der Patient*innen verstorben. Die Ernährungstherapie wird doppelt so häufig in Form enteraler Ernährung (48 %) im Vergleich zur parenteralen Ernährung (24 %) verabreicht. Etwa 39 % der Patient*innen können essen und 10 % erhalten keine Ernährung. Parenterale Ernährung wird in Europa deutlich häufiger als in den anderen Weltregionen angewandt. Die Menge der Ernährung ist in allen Regionen sehr ähnlich mit etwa 1500 kcal und 60 g Protein pro Tag. Eine klare Beziehung mit dem Körpergewicht ist nicht erkennbar. Die Streuung um diese medianen Werte ist sehr groß mit jeweils mehr als der Hälfte der Patient*innen, die um mehr als 25 % nach oben oder unten abweichen. Das nutritionDay-Projekt erlaubt jeder Intensivstation, ihre Praxis numerisch und grafisch mit den durchschnittlichen Werten der weltweiten Daten im Sinne des Benchmarkings jährlich zu vergleichen. Ziel ist es, die Heterogenität der Praxis zu vermindern.
Die Einstellung der deutschen Bevölkerung zu psychischen Störungen
Authors: Schomerus Georg , Spahlholz Jenny , Speerforck Sven 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungEine psychische Erkrankung bedeutet für viele Betroffene auch eine Auseinandersetzung mit den Reaktionen des Umfelds. Diese werden geprägt durch kulturell vorherrschende Vorstellungen von Ursache, Behandlung, Verlauf und biografischer Bedeutung der Krankheit. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Einstellungen der deutschen Bevölkerung zu psychischen Erkrankungen zwischen 1990 und 2020 mit Schwerpunkt auf Depression und Schizophrenie.Mit Blick auf die letzten 30 Jahre zeigt sich, dass die Einstellungen zu psychischen Erkrankungen nicht statisch sind, sondern vielmehr einer Dynamik unterliegen, die sich in Abhängigkeit vom Krankheitsbild erheblich unterscheiden kann. Zusammenfassend ruft eine Depression weitaus weniger negative Gefühle hervor, als es bei der Schizophrenie der Fall ist. Dieser Unterschied hat sich in den letzten 30 Jahren vergrößert: Menschen mit Depressionen treffen heute auf mehr Verständnis als vor 30 Jahren, während die Stigmatisierung von Menschen mit Schizophrenie zugenommen hat. Neben einer zunehmenden Offenheit im Umgang mit psychischen Belastungen haben sich auch Normalitätsvorstellungen und Konzepte von psychischer Krankheit verändert. Depressive Zustandsbilder werden heute stärker mit dem eigenen Erleben in Verbindung gebracht als noch vor 10 Jahren. Eine Schizophrenie erscheint den Menschen dagegen heute eher fremdartiger. Während die Empfehlung sowohl von Psychotherapie als auch von Medikamenten für die Behandlung psychischer Krankheiten zunimmt und sowohl Psychotherapeuten als auch Psychiater häufiger als Anlaufstelle empfohlen werden, nimmt die Empfehlung spiritueller Helfer (Pfarrer, Priester) seit den 1990er-Jahren ab. Wir diskutieren mögliche Ursachen und Konsequenzen dieser divergenten Entwicklungen.
Damping property of a NiTi auxetic structure fabricated through selective laser melting
Authors: Nespoli Adelaide , Grande Antonio Mattia , Passaretti Francesca , Rigamonti Daniela , Sala Giuseppe , Bettini Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work aims at studying the damping response of a NiTi auxetic structure fabricated through additive manufacturing. Furthermore, an electropolishing route has been accounted for improving the roughness on the external surface of the printed samples. The damping capacity of the manufactured auxetic NiTi components is evaluated through the amount of energy dissipated per cycle and through the loss factor index. Results show that the damping capacity of the auxetic NiTi cell takes advantage of electropolishing and it is superior to that of traditional materials. Particularly, a maximum dissipated energy of 55 mJ was registered in the austenite state after 10 min of electropolishing; additionally, the loss factor shows a maximum of 0.0523 in the R-phase.
The role of attention control in visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) studies
Authors: Petro Bela , Gaál Zsófia Anna , Kojouharova Petia , Czigler István 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe detection of unattended visual changes is investigated by the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component of event-related potentials (ERPs). The vMMN is measured as the difference between the ERPs to infrequent (deviant) and frequent (standard) stimuli irrelevant to the ongoing task. In the present study, we used human faces expressing different emotions as deviants and standards. In such studies, participants perform various tasks, so their attention is diverted from the vMMN-related stimuli. If such tasks vary in their attentional demand, they might influence the outcome of vMMN studies. In this study, we compared four kinds of frequently used tasks: (1) a tracking task that demanded continuous performance, (2) a detection task where the target stimuli appeared at any time, (3) a detection task where target stimuli appeared only in the inter-stimulus intervals, and (4) a task where target stimuli were members of the stimulus sequence. This fourth task elicited robust vMMN, while in the other three tasks, deviant stimuli elicited moderate posterior negativity (vMMN). We concluded that the ongoing task had a marked influence on vMMN; thus, it is important to consider this effect in vMMN studies.
Cross-Calibration of iDXA and pQCT Scanners at Rural and Urban Research Sites in The Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Ó Breasail Mícheál , Janha Ramatoulie , Zengin Ayse , Pearse Camille , Jarjou Landing , Prentice Ann , Ward Kate A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBetween-scanner differences in measures of bone and body composition can obscure or exaggerate physiological differences in multi-site studies or the magnitude of changes in longitudinal studies. We conducted a cross-calibration study at two bone imaging centres in The Gambia, West Africa where DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and pQCT (peripheral Quantitative-Computed Tomography) are routinely used. Repeat scans were obtained from 64 Gambian adults (58% Male) aged Mean(SD) 30.9 (13.5) years with Mean(SD) body mass index (BMI) 21.7 (4.0) kg/m2, using DXA (GE Lunar iDXA, whole body [WB], total hip [TH], lumbar spine [LS]) and pQCT (Stratec XCT2000L/XCT2000, tibia 4%, 50% sites). Between-scanner differences were tested using paired t tests (p < 0.05). Between-scanner correlation was explored with linear regression, and cross-calibration equations derived. Bland–Altman analysis investigated machine trend/bias. When differences were detected (p < 0.05), cross-calibration equations were applied to urban values, with t tests and Bland Altman analysis repeated. Between-scanner differences exceeded the predefined level of statistical significance (p < 0.05) for WB aBMD and BA; all pQCT measures vBMD, BMC, cortical cross-sectional area (CSA) and stress–strain index (SSI). Between-scanner correlation was high (R2:0.92–0.99), except pQCT Mu.Den (R2 = 0.51). Bland Altman plots indicated bias increased with increasing BMD. Cross-calibration equations attenuated all between-scanner differences and systematic bias. Cross-calibration, particularly of pQCT scanners, is an important consideration in multi-site studies particularly where between population comparisons are intended. Our experiences and findings may be generalisable to other resource-limited settings where the logistics of sourcing parts and in-country repair may result in lengthy scanner downtime.
LILRB2-containing small extracellular vesicles from glioblastoma promote tumor progression by promoting the formation and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Wu Peitao , Guo Yuhang , Xiao Li , Yuan Jiaqi , Tang Chao , Dong Jun , Qian Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B2 (LILRB2) was reported to be an inhibitory molecule with suppressive functions. sEVs mediate communication between cancer cells and other cells. However, the existence of LILRB2 on sEVs in circulation and the function of sEVs-LILRB2 are still unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of LILRB2 in GBM and determine how LILRB2 in sEVs regulates tumor immunity.

Methods
LILRB2 expression in normal brain and GBM tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the effect of LILRB2 on prognosis was evaluated in an orthotopic brain tumor model. Next, a subcutaneous tumor model was constructed to evaluate the function of pirb in vivo. The immune cells in the tumor sites and spleen were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Then, the presence of pirb in sEVs was confirmed by WB. The percentage of immune cells after incubation with sEVs from GL261 (GL261-sEVs) or sEVs from GL261-pirb+ (GL261-sEVs-pirb) was detected by flow cytometry. Then, the effect of pirb on sEVs was evaluated by a tumor-killing assay and proliferation assay. Finally, subcutaneous tumor models were constructed to evaluate the function of pirb on sEVs.

Results
LILRB2 was overexpressed in human GBM tissue and was closely related to an immunosuppressive TME in GBM. Then, a protumor ability of LILRB2 was observed in subcutaneous tumor models, which was related to lower CD8 + T cells and higher MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in the tumor and spleen compared to those of the control group. Next, we found that pirb on sEVs (sEVs-pirb) inhibits the function of CD8 + T cells by promoting the formation and expansion of MDSCs. Furthermore, the protumor function of sEVs-pirb was demonstrated in subcutaneous tumor models.

Conclusion
We discovered that LILRB2/pirb can be transmitted between GBM cells via sEVs and that pirb on sEVs induces the formation and expansion of MDSCs. The induced MDSCs facilitate the formation of an immunosuppressive TME.

Graphical Abstract