bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinician‐reported outcome measures for the assessment of vitiligo: A scoping review
Authors: van Geel Nanja , Duponselle Jolien , Delbaere Liesbeth , Herbelet Sandrine , Eleftheriadou Viktoria , Ezzedine Khaled , Forman Maxine , Garg Amit , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Seneschal Julien , Spuls Phyllis , Terwee Caroline B. , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Speeckaert Reinhart , Pandya Amit G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClinician‐reported outcome measures (ClinROMs) are essential for assessment of vitiligo in clinical trials and daily practice. Several instruments have been developed and tested to measure, for example, vitiligo extent, repigmentation and activity. The goal of this review was to identify all introductory publications of ClinROMs for vitiligo that include at least some aspects of validation and to describe the instruments' characteristics, intention for use and practical strengths and limitations. A search strategy was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from inception to July 2022. Based on the literature search (n = 2860), 10 articles were identified, describing 14 different ClinROMs. Six ClinRoms measured disease extent and/or repigmentation, seven evaluated disease activity and one was a composite score. The Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI), and Vitiligo Extent Score (VES and VESplus) measure overall disease extent and/or repigmentation. The VASI relies on hand units (1% body surface area), whereas the VES and VESplus use a picture‐based scoring technique. The Vitiligo Extent Score for a Target Area (VESTA) measures repigmentation percentage for target lesions. One global assessment score for extent has been validated. Vitiligo disease activity scores included a static measure of clinical activity signs (Vitiligo Signs of Activity Score [VSAS]) and two measures assessing dynamic evolution (Vitiligo Disease Activity Score [VDAS] and Vitiligo Disease Improvement Score [VDIS]). The Vitiligo European Task Force assessment tool (VETFa) is a composite score. Depending on the practical strengths and limitations as well as the research question and setting (clinical trials vs. daily practice), the choice of an appropriate ClinROM may differ. Fourteen ClinROMs in vitiligo were identified to measure vitiligo extent, repigmentation, and activity. Further research evaluating the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of each instrument and worldwide consensus on which instrument to use for a specific outcome (domain) is greatly needed.
In vitro modelling of the influence of alternative feeds (Hermetia illucens, Arthrospira platensis) on the resistance of different rainbow trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Bauer Julia , Adamek Mikolaj , Miebach Anne‐Carina , Gährken Jakob , Wessels Stephan , Tetens Jens , Dietz Carsten , Sünder Angela , Matras Marek , Stachnik Magdalena , Reichert Michal , Steinhagen Dieter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReplacing fishmeal, a finite resource with high market demand, in the diet of carnivorous rainbow trout with proteins from alternative sources may be a challenge for these fish. Therefore, this study investigated whether replacing fishmeal with protein derived from Hermetia illucens or Arthrospira platensis could promote disease susceptibility in local trout populations with different growth performance. This was assessed in vitro by measuring susceptibility to infection with the viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) or the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri. Analysis of fin tissue explants and primary cell cultures from scales from the three trout populations infected in vitro with VHSV and gill explants infected with Y. ruckeri showed no significant differences in virus replication or bacterial counts. Evaluation of the virucidal or bactericidal effect of skin mucus showed a significant reduction in viral load and bacterial count for all samples with mucus addition, but no significant difference was observed between the experimental groups. This study documents no apparent impairment of innate immune mechanisms in the skin and gills of trout after feeding a diet replacing fishmeal with Arthrospira or Hermetia proteins. This underlines the potential of these alternative protein sources for the further development of sustainable trout aquaculture.
Craniodental ecomorphology of the large Jurassic ichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus
Authors: Bennion R. F. , Maxwell E. E. , Lambert O. , Fischer V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMarine amniotes have played many crucial roles in ocean ecosystems since the Triassic, including predation at the highest trophic levels. One genus often placed into this guild is the large Early Jurassic neoichthyosaurian Temnodontosaurus, the only post‐Triassic ichthyosaurian known with teeth which bear a distinct cutting edge or carina. This taxonomically problematic genus is currently composed of seven species which show a wide variety of skull and tooth morphologies. Here we assess the craniodental disparity in Temnodontosaurus using a series of functionally informative traits. We describe the range of tooth morphologies in the genus in detail, including the first examples of serrated carinae in ichthyosaurians. These consist of false denticles created by the interaction of enamel ridgelets with the carinal keel, as well as possible cryptic true denticles only visible using scanning electron microscopy. We also find evidence for heterodonty in the species T. platyodon, with unicarinate mesial teeth likely playing a role in prey capture and labiolingually compressed, bicarinate distal teeth likely involved in prey processing. This type of heterodonty appears to be convergent with a series of other marine amniotes including early cetaceans. Overall, the species currently referred to as the genus Temnodontosaurus show a range of craniodental configurations allowing prey to be captured and processed in different ways – for example, T. eurycephalus has a deep snout and relatively small bicarinate teeth likely specialised for increased wound infliction and grip‐and‐tear feeding, whereas T. platyodon has a more elongate yet robust snout and larger teeth and may be more adapted for grip‐and‐shear feeding. These results suggest the existence of niche partitioning at higher trophic levels in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurians and have implications for future work on the taxonomy of this wastebasket genus, as well as for research into the ecology of other extinct megapredatory marine tetrapods.
Efficacy and safety of intravenous bevacizumab on severe bleeding associated with hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia: A national, randomized multicenter trial
Authors: Dupuis‐Girod Sophie , Rivière Sophie , Lavigne Christian , Fargeton Anne‐Emmanuelle , Gilbert‐Dussardier Brigitte , Grobost Vincent , Leguy‐Seguin Vanessa , Maillard Hélène , Mohamed Shirine , Decullier Evelyne , Roux Adeline , Bernard Lorraine , Saurin Jean‐Christophe , Saroul Nicolas , Faure Frédéric , Cartier Cesar , Altwegg Romain , Laccourreye Laurent , Oberti Frédéric , Beaudoin Marjolaine , Dhelens Carole , Desvignes Céline , Azzopardi Nicolas , Paintaud Gilles , Hermann Ruben , Chinet Thierry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundBevacizumab—a humanized monoclonal antibody—has been widely used to treat patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), but no randomized trial has yet been conducted.MethodsThis study is a double‐blind multicenter randomized phase 2 trial with a 1:1 active‐treatment‐to‐placebo ratio. We included patients over the age of 18 with a confirmed diagnosis and the need for at least four red blood cell (RBC) units transfused in the 3 months before study enrollment. Bevacizumab was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 14 days with a total of six injections. The primary efficacy criterion was a decrease of at least 50% in the cumulative number of RBC units transfused in a 3‐month period before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 24 patients (12 in each group) were included and randomized at 4 different centers. In intention‐to‐treat analysis, 63.6% of patients (7/11) in the bevacizumab group versus 33.3% of patients (4/12) in the placebo group decreased the number of blood transfusions by at least 50% (p = 0.22). Hemoglobin levels significantly improved at 6 months in the bevacizumab versus placebo group (p = 0.02). The pharmacokinetics study revealed that patients with high exposure to bevacizumab had a significant decrease in RBC transfusions (p = 0.03). Fifty‐nine adverse events were observed, 34 in the placebo arm versus 25 in the bevacizumab arm.ConclusionThough the present trial was underpowered, patients with HHT receiving bevacizumab required numerically fewer red blood cell transfusions than those receiving placebo, particularly those with high exposure.
The relationship between periodic limb movement during sleep and dyslipidaemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Bikov Andras , Bailly Sebastien , Testelmans Dries , Fanfulla Francesco , Pataka Athanasia , Bouloukaki Izolde , Hein Holger , Dogas Zoran , Basoglu Ozen K. , Staats Richard , Parati Gianfranco , Lombardi Carolina , Grote Ludger , Mihaicuta Stefan ,   the ESADA study group
Published: August 2023

SummaryPeriodic limb movements during sleep and obstructive sleep apnea are both associated with increased sympathetic tone, and have been proposed as risk factors for heart diseases and, in particular, cardiovascular disease. As sympathetic system activation may lead to dyslipidaemia, periodic limb movements during sleep could be an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of periodic limb movements during sleep affects serum lipid levels in obstructive sleep apnea. Total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, non‐ high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were investigated in 4138 patients with obstructive sleep apnea in the European Sleep Apnea Database (ESADA) cohort, divided into those with periodic limb movements during sleep index ≥ 15 per hr (n = 628) and controls (n = 3510). ANCOVA adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, apnea–hypopnea index, alcohol intake, smoking status, diabetes, insomnia and study site was used to assess differences in lipids between periodic limb movements during sleep and controls. Patients with periodic limb movements during sleep (24% female, 54.4 ± 12.1 years, body mass index 31.9 ± 5.8 kg m−2, apnea–hypopnea index 36.7 ± 25.4 per hr) had higher triglyceride (1.81 ± 1.04 versus 1.69 ± 0.90 mmol L−1, p = 0.002) and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.19 ± 0.34 versus 1.24 ± 0.37 mmol L−1, p = 0.002) levels, whilst there was no difference in either total cholesterol (4.98 ± 1.10 versus 4.94 ± 1.07 mmol L−1), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.04 ± 0.96 versus 2.98 ± 0.98 mmol L−1) or non‐ high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.78 ± 1.10 versus 3.70 ± 1.05 mmol L−1) concentrations (all p > 0.05). The results remained unchanged after most sensitivity analyses. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea with periodic limb movements during sleep had more prevalent cardiovascular disease (11% versus 6%, p < 0.01). Periodic limb movements during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with dyslipidaemia independently of important confounders. Our results highlight periodic limb movements during sleep as an additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea.
Echocardiographic characteristics of dogs with pulmonary hypertension secondary to respiratory diseases
Authors: Yuchi Yunosuke , Suzuki Ryohei , Saito Takahiro , Yasumura Yuyo , Teshima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Koyama Hidekazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to respiratory disease is caused by pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypoxia. Severe PH can induce various clinical signs, including syncope and right‐sided heart failure.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the echocardiographic characteristics in dogs with PH secondary to respiratory diseases.AnimalsThirty‐one dogs with respiratory diseases with or without PH and 15 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional study. Dogs were classified according to respiratory disease (obstructive airway/lung disease [OALD] or restrictive lung disease [RLD]) and PH‐relevant signs. The association between echocardiographic variables and PH (classified by respiratory disease and PH‐relevant signs) was investigated.ResultsTwenty‐one dogs were diagnosed with PH; of these, 11 showed PH‐related signs (OALD, n = 2; RLD, n = 9), 14 had right ventricular hypertrophy, and 19 had pulmonary arterial enlargement. Right ventricular dysfunction and dilatation were observed only in dogs with PH‐related signs (n = 10). Left and right ventricular stroke volumes were significantly lower in dogs with PH (median [interquartile range]: 17.2 [12.4‐20.8] and 16.8 [15.3‐29.5] mL/m2, respectively). Dogs with RLD had higher echocardiography‐estimated pulmonary vascular resistance than those with OALD (median [interquartile range]: 3.1 [1.9‐3.3] and 1.6 [1.3‐2.2], respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePulmonary arterial enlargement was the most common echocardiographic finding in dogs with PH secondary to respiratory diseases. Right ventricular dysfunction, dilatation, and decreased left and right ventricular stroke volume were significantly associated with the PH‐related signs, indicating that comprehensive echocardiography is recommended in dogs with respiratory disease. Restricted lung disease might induce more severe PH than OALD.
Availability of national policies, programmes, and survey‐based coverage data to track nutrition interventions in South Asia
Authors: Neupane Sumanta , Jangid Manita , Scott Samuel P. , Kim Sunny S. , Murira Zivai , Heidkamp Rebecca , Carducci Bianca , Menon Purnima 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProgress to improve nutrition among women, infants and children in South Asia has fallen behind the pace needed to meet established global targets. Renewed political commitment and monitoring of nutrition interventions are required to improve coverage and quality of care. Our study aimed to assess the availability of national nutrition policies, programmes, and coverage data of nutrition interventions for women, children, and adolescents in eight countries in South Asia. We reviewed relevant policy and programme documents, examined questionnaires used in the most recent rounds of 20 nationally representative surveys, and generated an evidence gap map on the availability of policies, programmes, and survey data to track progress on coverage of globally recommended nutrition interventions. Current policies and programmes in South Asian countries addressed almost all the recommended nutrition interventions targeted at women, children, and adolescents. There was a strong policy focus in all countries, except Maldives, on health system platforms such as antenatal and postnatal care and child growth and development. Survey data on nutrition intervention coverage was most available in India and Nepal, while Bangladesh and Bhutan had the least. Though countries in South Asia have committed to national nutrition policies and strategies, national surveys had substantial data gaps, precluding progress tracking of nutrition intervention coverage. Greater attention and effort are needed for multisectoral collaboration to promote and strengthen nutrition data systems.
Applying self‐determination theory to stem medical schools' clinical teacher sustainability crisis
Authors: Hirsh David A. , Crampton Paul E. S. , Osman Nora Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe problemMedical schools require highly skilled and committed clinical faculty to teach, assess, supervise and mentor students' clinical care. Medical education is facing a crisis in recruiting and sustaining these clinical teachers. Faced with multiple demands and responsibilities in fast‐paced clinical environments, teachers may not have the time, resources or stamina to sustain these critical roles. Medical school leaders must commit to and provide structures and processes to attract, sustain and retain clinical teachers.Conceptual frameworkThe authors use the lens of self‐determination theory to frame approaches to support teacher sustainability. Self‐determination theory describes sources of human motivation. The theory and its evidence base characterise three human psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. This theory can bridge individual psychological and institutional leadership perspectives to help medical school leaders anticipate and respond to their clinical teachers' needs. The authors propose three practical steps: practices to advance employee‐centredness, processes to align individual and institutional values, and restructuring education to support clinical teachers' needs alongside student and patient needs. The authors describe limitations to this relational approach that focuses on leadership actions and consider individual agency as another key factor for sustainability.DiscussionMedical school leaders can develop and apply theory‐driven approaches to advance sustainability. Sustainability now and in the future requires careful attention to the needs of clinical teachers and to their relationships with and within medical schools.
The social consequences of talking to oneself: The dialectical continuum of social and private speech
Authors: Carr Nicholas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe intrapersonal functions of private speech have been researched extensively. However, studies in interactive settings that focus on the interpersonal functions of private speech have been rare. Adopting a case‐study approach, I investigated the social consequences of private speech and how it contributes to the establishment of intersubjectivity during collaborative tasks. Data were collected through video recordings of participants collaboratively processing feedback on jointly produced texts, retrospective interviews that included stimulated recall, and collaborative writing tasks. Findings show instances of private speech acting as a tool that helps establish intersubjectivity, thus promoting joint problem solving and potentially affording interlocutors more opportunities to co‐construct knowledge. These opportunities for learning were made possible when interlocutors used the private speech of a peer as a resource to build upon when deliberating on a response to feedback. This indicates that the ability to understand the intra‐ and interpersonal functions of an interlocutors’ private speech is an important aspect of interactional competence in an additional language.
Parental agency in pediatric palliative care
Authors: Szabat Marta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study discusses a new approach to parental agency in pediatric palliative care based on an active form of caregiving. It also explores the possibility of a positive conceptualization of parental agency in its relational context. The paper begins with an illustrative case study based on a clinical situation. This is followed by an analysis of various aspects of parental agency based on empirical studies that disclose the insufficiencies of the traditional approach to parental agency. In the next step, parental agency is analyzed from a reality‐based perspective as an activity focused on relationships and the cognitive capacity of parents vis‐a‐vis their seriously ill children. The paper also considers the importance of the cultural and social contexts in which parental agency and decision‐making take place. This agency is addressed not as individualistic in form, and nor is it exercised in terms of fixed choices. Rather, the focus is on its dynamic and future‐oriented aspects. Consequently, parental agency should be comprehended not only as a form of proxy agency representing the child's best interests but also as a complex decision‐making process in which the parents learn from their child how to become good, compassionate caregivers and at the same time good parents.
Older family caregivers' diet‐related disparities: Cross‐sectional evidence from Finland
Authors: Savela Roosa‐Maria , Nykänen Irma , Koponen Sohvi , Suominen Anna Liisa , Schwab Ursula , Välimäki Tarja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome older family caregivers experience financial vulnerabilities due to their caregiving role, which may affect their ability to afford appropriate food. This study aimed to assess the extent to which there are diet‐related disparities among older family caregivers in Eastern Finland.MethodsThis study is based on the multidisciplinary LifEstyle, NutriTion and Oral health in caregivers (LENTO) study. In total, 125 family caregivers were included. Data were collected between June and December 2019. Participants were assessed on health, nutritional status and sociodemographic factors. The associations and predictors of diet‐related disparities were assessed using the independent samples t‐test, ANOVA‐test, χ2‐tests and binary logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of family caregivers was 74 years (SD = 8). Most were female (72%), 20% had malnutrition risk and 30% reported having ‘moderately enough money’ or less, which was identified as ‘subjective poverty’. Family caregivers experiencing subjective poverty were less likely to consume two or more portions of fruit and vegetables daily and were more likely overweight. Study participants' diet‐related disparities were further associated with several health inequalities, including comorbidity, depression, diabetes (Type I or II) and osteoporosis.ConclusionsOlder family caregivers have diet‐related disparities, further associated with health inequalities. Family caregivers' diet‐related disparities require increasing attention in healthcare. Addressing family caregivers' food insecurity risk would enhance their health equity. Lack of assessment of diet‐related disparities will only deepen health inequalities.
Grain yield improvement by genome editing of TaARF12 that decoupled peduncle and rachis development trajectories via differential regulation of gibberellin signalling in wheat
Authors: Kong Xingchen , Wang Fang , Wang Zhenyu , Gao Xiuhua , Geng Shuaifeng , Deng Zhongyin , Zhang Shuang , Fu Mingxue , Cui Dada , Liu Shaoshuai , Che Yuqing , Liao Ruyi , Yin Lingjie , Zhou Peng , Wang Ke , Ye Xingguo , Liu Dengcai , Fu Xiangdong , Mao Long , Li Aili 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPlant breeding is constrained by trade‐offs among different agronomic traits by the pleiotropic nature of many genes. Genes that contribute to two or more favourable traits with no penalty on yield are rarely reported, especially in wheat. Here, we describe the editing of a wheat auxin response factor TaARF12 by using CRISPR/Cas9 that rendered shorter plant height with larger spikes. Changes in plant architecture enhanced grain number per spike up to 14.7% with significantly higher thousand‐grain weight and up to 11.1% of yield increase under field trials. Weighted Gene Co‐Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) of spatial–temporal transcriptome profiles revealed two hub genes: RhtL1, a DELLA domain‐free Rht‐1 paralog, which was up‐regulated in peduncle, and TaNGR5, an organ size regulator that was up‐regulated in rachis, in taarf12 plants. The up‐regulation of RhtL1 in peduncle suggested the repression of GA signalling, whereas up‐regulation of TaNGR5 in spike may promote GA response, a working model supported by differential expression patterns of GA biogenesis genes in the two tissues. Thus, TaARF12 complemented plant height reduction with larger spikes that gave higher grain yield. Manipulation of TaARF12 may represent a new strategy in trait pyramiding for yield improvement in wheat.