bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Sources of Uncertainty Confound Inference of Historical Human Generation Times
Authors: Ragsdale Aaron P , Thornton Kevin R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wang et al. (2023) recently proposed an approach to infer the history of human generation intervals from changes in mutation profiles over time. As the relative proportions of different mutation types depend on the ages of parents, binning variants by the time they arose allows for the inference of changes in average paternal and maternal generation intervals. Applying this approach to published allele age estimates, Wang et al. (2023) inferred long-lasting sex differences in average generation times and surprisingly found that ancestral generation times of West African populations remained substantially higher than those of Eurasian populations extending tens of thousands of generations into the past. Here, we argue that the results and interpretations in Wang et al. (2023) are primarily driven by noise and biases in input data and a lack of validation using independent approaches for estimating allele ages. With the recent development of methods to reconstruct genome-wide gene genealogies, coalescence times, and allele ages, we caution that downstream analyses may be strongly influenced by uncharacterized biases in their output.
Engineering of the DNA replication and repair machinery to develop binary mutators for rapid genome evolution of Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Cai Ningyun , Chen Jiuzhou , Gao Ning , Ni Xiaomeng , Lei Yu , Pu Wei , Wang Lixian , Che Bin , Fan Liwen , Zhou Wenjuan , Feng Jinhui , Wang Yu , Zheng Ping , Sun Jibin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial workhorse for production of amino acids and chemicals. Although recently developed genome editing technologies have advanced the rational genetic engineering of C. glutamicum, continuous genome evolution based on genetic mutators is still unavailable. To address this issue, the DNA replication and repair machinery of C. glutamicum was targeted in this study. DnaQ, the homolog of ϵ subunit of DNA polymerase III responsible for proofreading in Escherichia coli, was proven irrelevant to DNA replication fidelity in C. glutamicum. However, the histidinol phosphatase (PHP) domain of DnaE1, the α subunit of DNA polymerase III, was characterized as the key proofreading element and certain variants with PHP mutations allowed elevated spontaneous mutagenesis. Repression of the NucS-mediated post-replicative mismatch repair pathway or overexpression of newly screened NucS variants also impaired the DNA replication fidelity. Simultaneous interference with the DNA replication and repair machinery generated a binary genetic mutator capable of increasing the mutation rate by up to 2352-fold. The mutators facilitated rapid evolutionary engineering of C. glutamicum to acquire stress tolerance and protein overproduction phenotypes. This study provides efficient tools for evolutionary engineering of C. glutamicum and could inspire the development of mutagenesis strategy for other microbial hosts.
Effects of the minimum wage on the nonprofit sector
Authors: Meer Jonathan , Tajali Hedieh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The nonprofit sector’s ability to absorb increases in labor costs differs from the private sector in a number of ways. We analyse how nonprofits are affected by changes in the minimum wage utilizing data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Internal Revenue Service, linked to state minimum wages. We examine changes in reported employment and volunteering, as well as other financial statements such as revenues and expenses. The results from both datasets show a negative impact on employment for states with large statutory minimum wage increases. We observe some evidence for a reduction in the number of nonprofit establishments, fundraising expenses, and revenues from contributions.
Slow Workers: Labelling and Labouring in Britain, c. 1909–1955
Authors: Delap Lucy 
Published: July 2023

Summary
This article surveys the experiences of historical actors labelled ‘mentally defective’ and ‘mentally handicapped’ in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century. It decentres institutions and experiences of segregation, and instead foregrounds employment as a way to historicise and make visible the experiences of individuals with intellectual impairments who lived in communities. The article discusses significant opportunities for paid employment, both formal and informal, for disabled people. Periods of economic growth or recession rendered such workers visible, as did efforts to regulate labour markets and wages. The article argues that rather than ‘mental age’ becoming dominant in framing intellectual disability, vernacular and negotiable categories of ‘wage age’ predominated in workplaces to the mid-twentieth century. Intellectually disabled people adopted precarious strategies of ‘getting by’ and while they commonly experienced low wages, could also sustain degrees of community inclusion at the margins of the economy.
Zerumbone attenuates the excessive proliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis mice through regulating NLRP3/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Lin Jin , Fang Yimiao , Cao Yi , Ma Lili , Tao Maocan , Wang Xiao , Li Yuanyuan , Qing Lijun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic disease, and existing treatment regimens often exhibit certain toxicities and side effects. Zerumbone (Zer) may possess therapeutic effect, and the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Zer on psoriasis. A mouse model of psoriasis was established using imiquimod cream, and the role of Zer on the pathological alterations in psoriatic mouse skin was evaluated by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score; the effect of Zer on keratinocyte proliferation was evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin staining, Zen image analysis, and immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunoassay were used to evaluate the effect of Zer on tissue inflammatory responses, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured to elucidate the role of Zer in modulating oxidative stress; the signaling pathway regulated by Zer was evaluated by western blotting. The results demonstrated that Zer could alleviate the pathological manifestations of psoriasis, reduce PASI score, reduce skin pathological damage and epidermal hyperplasia, diminish the number of CD8+ T cells and cytokine expression levels, decrease the level of MDA and GSH and increase the expression of Nrf and HO-1. Zer was found to regulate the NLRP3/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In conclusion, Zer ameliorated the symptoms of psoriasis in mice, suppressed the keratinocyte hyperproliferation, and mitigates inflammation and oxidative stress in psoriatic skin tissue by regulating the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway.
Single-Incision, Four-Compartment Fasciotomy and Application of Negative Pressure Dressing for Compartment Syndrome of the Leg
Authors: Yong Taylor M. , Davis Max E. , Moreno-Diaz Andres F. , Obremskey William T. 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
The video described by this article presents a safe and effective technique for single-incision, 4-compartment fasciotomy of the leg in a patient with a tibial plateau fracture and clinically diagnosed compartment syndrome. We also demonstrate a technique for the application of a negative pressure wound dressing when delayed closure or coverage is planned.
An Interim 6-Month Analysis of the Dermatologic Effects and Midface Volume Correction With XTRCL Filler in a Prospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: Salti Giovanni , Siquier-Dameto Gabriel , Rharbaoui Siham , Hernandez Malgapo Dennis Malvin , Innocenti Silvia , Manni Martina 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
Hyaluronic acid-based filler injections with parenteral anesthetics have become the standard in treating midface volume deficits. There are currently limited data on the effects of these types of fillers on skin density, thickness, and firmness.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of XTRCL filler in improving skin quality and tissue volume in women with midface volume loss.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this prospective, noncomparative, single-center study, 50 women aged between 40 and 60 years with midface volume loss were recruited. The primary endpoint was the improvement in investigator-assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scores (GAIS) 1 month after treatment. Secondary endpoints include objective measurements of skin density, thickness, and quality measurements, facial and/or cheek volume augmentation, subjective GAIS, and device evaluation from after the first injection until 6 months, and the documentation of injection site reactions and adverse events.

RESULTS
XTRCL use led to significant improvement in midface volume deficits, and skin quality and skin thickness. Injector and subject satisfaction with the treatment were documented and only mild-to-moderate adverse reactions were reported.

CONCLUSION
XTRCL was shown to be effective in improving volume loss and skin quality at 6 months.
Endoscope-Assisted Visualization of the Internal Auditory Canal Using the Middle Fossa Approach
Authors: Cass Nathan D. , Mason Hannah G. , Khan Mohammad MR , Lindquist Nathan R. , Noble Jack H. , Tawfik Kareem O. 
Published: July 2023

Hypothesis
Angled endoscopes have been postulated to increase visualization of the internal auditory canal (IAC); however, few studies have quantified the extent of IAC visualization using endoscopes of varying angles.

Background
Preservation of the bony labyrinth in middle fossa (MF) vestibular schwannoma surgery may limit visualization of the lateral IAC. We sought to determine the extent to which IAC visualization is increased with endoscopes in these situations.

Methods
Computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired before and after two cadaveric MF bony drill-outs. An atlas-based method was used to localize the IAC in the preprocedure CT and then registered with the postprocedure CT using standard image registration methods. Virtual microscope and endoscope positions and angles of approach were determined in a 3D rendering environment. Using ray casting techniques, the percentage of IAC surface area visible (unobscured by bony structures) with the microscope and 0°, 30°, and 45° endoscopes was calculated.

Results
For cadaver 1, the microscope led to visible IAC surface areas of 72%, whereas 0°, 30°, and 45° endoscopes visualized 58%, 79%, and 84%, respectively. For cadaver 2, the microscope led to visible surface areas of 67%, whereas the same endoscopes visualized 66%, 84%, and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions
Using a microscope yields similar proportions of visible IAC surface area to a 0° endoscope in MF bony drill-outs. Increased visualization of the IAC is possible with more angled endoscopes. Using angled endoscopes may facilitate improved tumor dissection in the lateral IAC with neural and vascular preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery aimed at hearing preservation.
Oncoplastic Breast Reconstruction for Large Pediatric Breast Tumors
Authors: Johnson Braden M. , Dewitt Jason , Balanoff Christa , Kilgore Lyndsey , Aripoli Allison , Collins Meredith 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Large breast fibroadenomas in pediatric females may cause discomfort, asymmetry, and psychological stress, and patients may elect for surgical excision. There are no criteria for reconstruction after the excision of these masses, and the research is limited in describing oncoplastic techniques in pediatric fibroadenoma excision. Nononcoplastic techniques, such as mastectomy with implant or flap reconstruction, have been used for pediatric fibroadenoma excision reconstruction. Oncoplastic techniques using Wise pattern or circumareolar incisions have shown to have efficacious outcomes. In addition, pediatric females undergoing breast surgery risk long-term complications such as continued breast asymmetry due to further breast growth, nipple and breast hypoesthesia, and future breastfeeding difficulty. This case series describes the oncoplastic techniques used for large benign mass excision and reconstruction of 3 pediatric females. A Wise pattern technique was used for all 3 patients, and 2 underwent a free-nipple graft. Oncoplastic techniques for pediatric breast mass excision provide satisfactory aesthetic outcomes with minimal surgical morbidity. Further research assessing the long-term effects of pediatric breast mass excision and reconstruction would be beneficial.
Differences in Transient Fluid Retention and Lymphedema With Breast Cancer Treatment for Lymphatic Microsurgery
Authors: Tokumoto Hideki , Akita Shinsuke , Kosaka Kentaro , Nakamura Rikiya , Yamamoto Naohito , Kubota Yoshitaka , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2023

Background
Breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common complication. Repeated taxane-based chemotherapy has been shown to induce endothelial inflammation, leading to fluid retention. Patients with transient fluid retention only have upper limb edema without lymphatic dysfunction. Therefore, indocyanine green lymphography revealed linear findings, and lymphatic microsurgery is not required. This study aimed to investigate the difference between BCRL and fluid retention and present the indication for lymphatic microsurgery for these patients.

Methods
The study population was divided into BCRL and fluid retention groups. Age, body mass index, laterality, surgery type (lymph node, breast, or no surgery), disease stage, regional lymph node irradiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy type (taxane- or non–taxane-based group), and treatment with trastuzumab were compared.

Results
The BCRL and fluid retention groups consisted of 168 and 73 patients, respectively. The BCRL group had significantly higher rates of axillary lymph node dissection (96.4%) and lymph node irradiation (51.8%) than the fluid retention group (53.4% and 24.7%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). The fluid retention group had a significantly higher rate of taxane-based chemotherapy (100%) than the BCRL group (92.9%; P = 0.02). No significant differences in other characteristics, including treatments with hormone and trastuzumab, were observed.

Conclusions
Lymphatic microsurgery should be performed after confirming the diagnosis by indocyanine green lymphography, particularly for patients with fluid retention induced by taxane-based chemotherapy. Because the generalized swelling induced by taxane-based chemotherapy is resolved 6 months after chemotherapy, we should wait at least 6 months to perform lymphatic microsurgery.
Classification of Skeletal Phenotypes of Adult Patients With Cleft Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Using Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Yang Il-Hyung , Kim Haeddeuri , Chung Jee Hyeok , Choi Jin-Young , Lee Jong-Ho , Kim Myung-Jin , Kim Sukwha , Baek Seung-Hak 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to classify the skeletal phenotypes of adult patients with skeletal class III (C-III) malocclusion and unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The samples consisted of 81 adult C-III patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who underwent orthognathic surgery (OGS) or distraction osteogenesis (59 males and 22 females; 50 unilateral cleft lip and palate and 31 bilateral cleft lip and palate; mean age when lateral cephalograms were taken, 22.2±4.6 y). Thirteen angular and one ratio cephalometric variables were measured. Using 4 representative variables obtained from principal component analysis (SNA, SNB, Gonial angle, and Bjork sum), K-means cluster analysis was performed to classify the phenotypes. Then, statistical analysis was conducted to characterize the differences in the variables among the clusters. Five clusters were obtained from 3 groups: severely retrusive maxilla and moderately retrusive mandible group: cluster-1 (23.5%, severely hyperdivergent pattern), cluster-4 (27.2%, moderately hyperdivergent pattern), and cluster-5 (11.1%, normodivergent pattern); moderately retrusive maxilla and normal mandible group: cluster-2 (30.9%, normodivergent pattern); normal maxilla and moderately protrusive mandible group: cluster-3 (7.4%, normodivergent pattern). Although skeletal phenotypes were diverse, distribution of sex and cleft type did not differ among 5 clusters (P>0.05). Sixty-two percent of cleft patients showed a severely retrusive maxilla and moderately retrusive mandible (cluster-1, cluster-4, and cluster-5), which indicated that these are the main cause of skeletal C-III malocclusion in CLP patients who were treated with OGS. Therefore, it is necessary to consider presurgical orthodontic treatment and surgical planning based on the skeletal phenotypes of CLP patients.
Effect of Tai Chi on Pain and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yichen , Tang Xing , Fu Hongjuan , Hu Wenjiao , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe incidence of chronic neck pain (CNP) in the elderly is increasing. CNP in the elderly not only affects the physical function of patients, the quality of life, and work but also increases the direct medical cost and indirect social costs. The recent treatment trends of CNP, such as home self-exercise, focused specific training, and research into the underlying neural mechanisms of pain and cognitive improvement in patients with CNP, suggest that Tai Chi may be beneficial for pain and cognitive function in elderly patients with CNP.Method and MethodsWe will search 8 databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP database, and Wanfang database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Tai Chi in the treatment of elderly CNP will be included. The search time is from the establishment of the database to May 31, 2023. In this study, data extraction and methodological quality evaluation will be carried out for the included literature, and statistical analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system approach(GRADE).DiscussionThis review will search and collect RCTs related to Tai Chi for the prevention and treatment of elderly CNP, and aims to systematically evaluate the evidence of the effects of Tai Chi on pain and cognitive function in elderly patients with CNP. The results of this review are expected to provide more accurate and effective guidance for the prevention and treatment of elderly patients with CNP, and also provide evidence-based medicine references for the formulation of exercise prescriptions.Systematic Review RegistrationOSF registration number [DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/YTZPX].
Disability associated with failure to seek medical care among Venezuelan immigrants in Peru
Authors: Miranda-Tueros Mercedes , Velarde-Meza Sonny Sthefanie , Alarco J. Jhonnel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are more than six million Venezuelan immigrants worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the association between disability and failure to seek medical care among Venezuelan immigrants in Peru.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data of the Encuesta Dirigida a la Población Venezolana que Reside en el País (ENPOVE) 2018. We developed four Poisson regression models and calculated prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsAfter adjusting for multiple confounding variables, we found that immigrants who reported having only one type of disability were 78% more likely not to seek medical care compared with immigrants without disability (PR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.15–2.76).ConclusionsVenezuelan immigrants with disabilities in Peru seek less medical care than those without disabilities.
Skin surface biomarkers are associated with future development of atopic dermatitis in children with family history of allergic disease
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Nikolovski Janet , Gould Russell , Lboukili Imane , Roux Pierre-Francois , Al-Ghalith Gabriel , Orie Jeremy , Insel Richard , Stamatas Georgios N. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can significantly impact quality of life and has been linked to the subsequent development of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, an association known as the “atopic march.”ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify biomarkers collected non-invasively from the skin surface in order to predict AD before diagnosis across a broad age range of children.MethodsNon-invasive skin surface measures and biomarkers were collected from 160 children (3-48 months of age) of three groups: (A) healthy with no family history of allergic disease, (B) healthy with family history of allergic disease, and (C) diagnosed AD.ResultsEleven of 101 children in group B reported AD diagnosis in the subsequent 12 months following the measurements. The children who developed AD had increased skin immune markers before disease onset, compared to those who did not develop AD in the same group and to the control group. In those enrolled with AD, lesional skin was characterized by increased concentrations of certain immune markers and transepidermal water loss, and decreased skin surface hydration.ConclusionsDefining risk susceptibility before onset of AD through non-invasive methods may help identify children who may benefit from early preventative interventions.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene in selected health facilities in Ethiopia: risks for healthcare acquired antibiotic resistant infections
Authors: Bekele Teshome , Assefa Abebe , Verstraete Lavuun , Desta Adey Feleke , Al-Mulla Taha , Goyol Kitka , Baye Kaleab 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in health facilities and the low adherence to infection control protocols can increase the risk of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, which in turn can increase morbidity and mortality, health care cost, but also contribute to increased microbial resistance.ObjectivesThe study aimed to assess WASH facilities and practices, and levels of nosocomial pathogens in surface and water samples collected from selected health facilities in Oromia Region and Southern, Nations and Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR).MethodsWASH in health care facilities in Bulle and Doyogena (SNNPR) and Bidre (Oromia) were assessed through interviews and direct observations (n= 26 facilities). Water and surface samples were collected from major hospitals and health centers. A total of 90 surface swabs and 14 water samples were collected from which a number of bacteria (n=224) were identified, characterized and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.ResultsWater supply, toilet facilities, and waste management procedures were suboptimal. Only 11/26 of the health facilities had access to water at the time of the survey. The lowest hand-hygiene compliance was for Bidre (4%), followed by Doyogena (14%), and Bulle (36%). Over 70% of the identified bacteria were from four categories:Staphylococcusspp,Bacillusspp,E. coli,andKlebsiella spp.These bacteria were also found in high risk locations including neonatal intensive care units, delivery and surgical rooms. Antimicrobial susceptibility was detected in ≥ 50% of the isolates for penicillin, cefazolin, ampicillin, oxacillin, and cotrimoxazole, and ≥ 50% of the isolates displayed multi-drug resistance.ConclusionInvesting in WASH infrastructures, promotion of handwashing practices, implementing infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and antibiotic stewardship is critical to ensure quality care in these settings.