bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penyimpangan Sosial Pada Kalangan Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Halmahera Utara
Authors: Kaimudin Asikin , Nurhayanti Nurhayanti 
Published: September 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk penyimpangan sosial yang diilakukan oleh siswa di MAN 2 Halmahera Utara dan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya penyimpangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif pada bulan Juni-Agustus tahun 2022.Â Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi: Observasi, Wawancara, dan Catatan Anekdot. Subjek penelitian meliputi siswa kelas X IPA I yang berjumlah 20 orang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan disajikan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa bentuk penyimpangan sosial yang pernah dilakukan oleh siswa ialah dalam bentuk tindakan yang bertentangan dengan aturan yang berlaku di sekolah dan di dalam keluarga, sepertiÂ tawuran antar siswa, kurang disiplin dalam berpakaian, datang kesekolah tidak tepat waktu, terlambat masuk kelas, nyontek pada saat ujian berlangsung, dan merokok di lingkungan sekolah. Adapun faktor penyebab terjadinya perilaku penyimpangan sosial ini disebabkan karena kurangnya perhatian orang tua (keluarga) dan guru, serta kurangnyaketerlibatansiswa dalam berdiskusi guna mengambil sebuah keputusan yang adil dengan melibatkan cara-cara yang demokratis, sehingga siswa merasa aman dan nyaman, serta merasa diperhatikan bahkan dihargai untuk menggapai cita-citanya.Adapun faktor lain adalah pergaulan dalam masyarakat maupun di lingkungan sekolah.
Species variations in the gut microbiota of captive snub-nosed monkeys
Authors: Xi Li , Han Jincheng , Wen Xiaohui , Zhao Longfei , Qin Xinxi , Luo Shengjun , Lv Dianhong , Song Shuai 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionSnub-nosed monkeys are species in danger of extinction due to habitat fragmentation and human activities. Captivity has been suggested as an Auxiliary Conservation Area (ASA) strategy. However, little is known about the adaptation of different species of snub-nosed monkeys to captive environments.MethodsThis study compared the gut microbiota between Rhinopithecus bieti, R. brelichi, and R. roxellana under identical captive conditions to provide insights for improving captive conservation strategies.ResultsThe results showed that these three Rhinopithecus species shared 80.94% of their Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), indicating high similarity in gut microbiota composition. The predominant phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes for all three Rhinopithecus species, but differences were observed in diversity, characteristic bacterial communities, and predicted function. Significant enrichment of cellulolytic families, including Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Christensenellaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae, and pathways involved in propionate and butyrate metabolism in the gut of R. bieti suggested that it may have a superior dietary fiber utilization capacity. In contrast, Bacteroidetes, Ruminoccaceae, and Trichospiraceae were more abundant in R. brelichi and R. roxellana, and were associated with saccharide and glycan metabolic pathways. Moreover, R. brelichi and R. roxellana also had higher similarity in microbiota composition and predicted function.DiscussionIn conclusion, the results demonstrate that host species are associated with the composition and function of the gut microbiota in snub-nosed monkeys. Thus, host species should be considered when formulating nutritional strategies and disease surveillance in captive snub-nosed monkeys.
Moving towards carbon neutral lifestyle through FinTech social media platform: a case study of Ant Forest
Authors: Shao Zi , Xu Yishuang 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The escalating environmental crisis resulting from high carbon consumption has led to severe consequences. Urgent measures to reduce carbon emissions are needed. Ant Forest integrates technology to promote low-carbon behaviors, but limited knowledge exists regarding its impact on environmental behaviors.Methods: This study constructed an integrated theoretical framework based on TRA, DIT, KAB, and RL. SEM analysis was conducted on survey data. Semi-structured interviews provided qualitative data on lifestyle changes.Results: Beliefs, norms, entertainment interaction, and commonweal significantly and positively impacted citizens’ use of Ant Forest. Knowledge sharing through Ant Forest promoted environmental attitudes and low-carbon behaviors.Discussion: This study shows how fintech social media can facilitate low-carbon lifestyles and provides inspiration for businesses and governments seeking to enable a low-carbon society. Limitations are the study’s reliance on self-reported data and constraints around generalizability. Further research should build on these findings.
Ibrutinib directly reduces CD8+T cell exhaustion independent of BTK
Authors: Li Ling , Zhao Manzhi , Kiernan Caoimhe H. , Castro Eiro Melisa D. , van Meurs Marjan , Brouwers-Haspels Inge , Wilmsen Merel E. P. , Grashof Dwin G. B. , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Hendriks Rudi W. , Mueller Yvonne M. , Katsikis Peter D. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionCytotoxic CD8+ T cell (CTL) exhaustion is a dysfunctional state of T cells triggered by persistent antigen stimulation, with the characteristics of increased inhibitory receptors, impaired cytokine production and a distinct transcriptional profile. Evidence from immune checkpoint blockade therapy supports that reversing T cell exhaustion is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Ibrutinib, is a potent inhibitor of BTK, which has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Previous studies have reported improved function of T cells in ibrutinib long-term treated patients but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated whether ibrutinib directly acts on CD8+ T cells and reinvigorates exhausted CTLs. MethodsWe used an established in vitro CTL exhaustion system to examine whether ibrutinib can directly ameliorate T cell exhaustion. Changes in inhibitory receptors, transcription factors, cytokine production and killing capacity of ibrutinib-treated exhausted CTLs were detected by flow cytometry. RNA-seq was performed to study transcriptional changes in these cells. Btk deficient mice were used to confirm that the effect of ibrutinib was independent of BTK expression.ResultsWe found that ibrutinib reduced exhaustion-related features of CTLs in an in vitro CTL exhaustion system. These changes included decreased inhibitory receptor expression, enhanced cytokine production, and downregulation of the transcription factor TOX with upregulation of TCF1. RNA-seq further confirmed that ibrutinib directly reduced the exhaustion-related transcriptional profile of these cells. Importantly, using btk deficient mice we showed the effect of ibrutinib was independent of BTK expression, and therefore mediated by one of its other targets. DiscussionOur study demonstrates that ibrutinib directly ameliorates CTL exhaustion, and provides evidence for its synergistic use with cancer immunotherapy.
Single-cell analysis of graft-infiltrating host cells identifies caspase-1 as a potential therapeutic target for heart transplant rejection
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Liang Jialiang , Zhu Shuoji , Liu Nanbo , Zhao Mingyi , Xiao Fei , Li Guanhua , Yu Changjiang , Jin Chengyu , Ma Jinshan , Sun Tucheng , Zhu Ping 
Published: September 2023

AimsUnderstanding the cellular mechanisms underlying early allograft rejection is crucial for the development of effective immunosuppressant strategies. This study aims to investigate the cellular composition of graft-infiltrating cells during the early rejection stage at a single-cell level and identify potential therapeutic targets.MethodsA heterotopic heart transplant model was established using enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing mice as recipients of allogeneic or syngeneic grafts. At 3 days post-transplant, eGFP-positive cells infiltrating the grafts were sorted and subjected to single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Potential molecular targets were evaluated by assessing graft survival and functions following administration of various pharmacological inhibitors.ResultsA total of 27,053 cells recovered from syngrafts and allografts were classified into 20 clusters based on expression profiles and annotated with a reference dataset. Innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, constituted the major infiltrating cell types (&gt;90%) in the grafts. Lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells represented a smaller population. Allografts exhibited significantly increased proportions of monocyte-derived cells involved in antigen processing and presentation, as well as activated lymphocytes, as compared to syngrafts. Differential expression analysis revealed upregulation of interferon activation-related genes in the innate immune cells infiltrating allografts. Pro-inflammatory polarization gene signatures were also enriched in these infiltrating cells of allografts. Gene profiling and intercellular communication analysis identified natural killer cells as the primary source of interferon-γ signaling, activating inflammatory monocytes that displayed strong signals of major histocompatibility complexes and co-stimulatory molecules. The inflammatory response was also associated with promoted T cell proliferation and activation in allografts during the early transplant stages. Notably, caspase-1 exhibited specific upregulation in inflammatory monocytes in response to interferon signaling. The regulon analysis also revealed a significant enrichment of interferon-related motifs within the transcriptional regulatory network of downstream inflammatory genes including caspase-1. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 was shown to reduce immune infiltration, prevent acute graft rejection, and improve cardiac contractile function.ConclusionThe single-cell transcriptional profile highlighted the crucial role of caspase-1 in interferon-mediated inflammatory monocytes infiltrating heart transplants, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for attenuating rejection.
Immune predisposition drives susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia after mild influenza A virus infection in mice
Authors: Palani Sunil , Uddin Md Bashir , McKelvey Michael , Shao Shengjun , Sun Keer 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionA frequent sequela of influenza A virus (IAV) infection is secondary bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the genetic predisposition to IAV and bacterial coinfection.MethodsBALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were infected with high or low-pathogenic IAV and Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPn). The contribution of cellular and molecular immune factors to the resistance/susceptibility of BALB/c and B6 mice were dissected in nonlethal and lethal IAV/SPn coinfection models.ResultsLow-virulent IAV X31 (H3N2) rendered B6 mice extremely susceptible to SPn superinfection, while BALB/c mice remained unaffected. X31 infection alone barely induces IFN-γresponse in two strains of mice; however, SPn superinfection significantly enhances IFN-γ production in the susceptible B6 mice. As a result, IFN-γ signaling inhibits neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance, leading to lethal X31/SPn coinfection in B6 mice. Conversely, the diminished IFN-γ and competent neutrophil responses enable BALB/c mice highly resistant to X31/SPn coinfection.DiscussionThe results establish that type 1 immune predisposition plays a key role in lethal susceptibility of B6 mice to pneumococcal pneumonia after mild IAV infection.
The contribution of reticular basement membrane proteins to basal airway epithelial attachment, spreading and barrier formation: implications for airway remodeling in asthma
Authors: Hsieh Aileen , Yang Chen Xi , Al-Fouadi May , Nwozor Kingsley Okechukwu , Osei Emmanuel Twumasi , Hackett Tillie-Louise 
Published: September 2023

RationaleIn the healthy lung, the pseudostratified conducting airway epithelium is anchored to the reticular basement membrane (RBM) via hemidesmosome junction complexes formed between basal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The RBM within the healthy lung is composed of the ECM proteins laminin and collagen-IV. In patients with asthma, the RBM is remodeled with collagen-I, -III and fibronectin deposition. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of RBM ECM proteins on basal airway epithelial cell attachment, spreading and barrier formation using real-time electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS).MethodsECIS 8-well arrays were coated with 50 μg/mL of fibronectin, collagen-I, collagen-III, collagen-IV, or laminin and compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or uncoated controls. The airway epithelial cell line (1HAEo-) was seeded 40, 50, 60, and 70 k cells/well and continuously monitored over 70 h to assess cell attachment, spreading and barrier formation using high (64 k Hz) and low (500 Hz) frequency resistance and capacitance. Data were analyzed using a one-phase decay model from which half-life (time cells cover half of the electrode area) and rate-constant (cell-spreading rate/h) were determined and a generalized additive mixed effect model (GAMM) was used to assess ECM proteins over the entire experiment.ResultsHigh-frequency (64 kHz) capacitance measures demonstrated the half-life for 1HAEo-cells to attach was fastest when grown on fibronectin (6.5 h), followed by collagen-I (7.2 h) and collagen-III (8.1 h), compared to collagen-IV (11.3 h), then laminin (13.2 h) compared to BSA (12.4 h) and uncoated (13.9 h) controls. High-frequency (64 kHz) resistance measures demonstrated that the rate of 1HAEo- cell spreading was significantly faster on fibronectin and collagen-I compared to collagen-III, collagen-IV, laminin, BSA and the uncoated control. Low-frequency (500 Hz) resistance measures demonstrated that 1HAEo-cells formed a functional barrier fastest when grown on fibronectin and collagen-I, compared to the other ECM conditions. Lastly, the distance of 1HAEo-cells from the ECM substrates was the smallest when grown on fibronectin reflecting high cell-matrix adhesion.ConclusionAirway epithelial cells attach, spread and form a barrier fastest on fibronectin, and collagen-I and these reticular basement membrane ECM proteins may play a protective role in preserving the epithelial barrier during airway remodeling in asthma.
Biosafety and biohazard considerations of HSV-1–based oncolytic viral immunotherapy
Authors: Robilotti Elizabeth , Zeitouni Nathalie C. , Orloff Marlana 
Published: September 2023

Oncolytic viral immunotherapies are agents which can directly kill tumor cells and activate an immune response. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) range from native/unmodified viruses to genetically modified, attenuated viruses with the capacity to preferentially replicate in and kill tumors, leaving normal tissue unharmed. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the only OV approved for patient use in the United States; however, during the last 20 years, there have been a substantial number of clinical trials using OV immunotherapies across a broad range of cancers. Like T-VEC, many OV immunotherapies in clinical development are based on the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), with genetic modifications for tumor selectivity, safety, and immunogenicity. Despite these modifications, HSV-1 OV immunotherapies are often treated with the same biosafety guidelines as the wild-type virus, potentially leading to reduced patient access and logistical hurdles for treatment centers, including community treatment centers and small group or private practices, and healthcare workers. Despite the lack of real-world evidence documenting possible transmission to close contacts, and in the setting of shedding and biodistribution analyses for T-VEC demonstrating limited infectivity and low risk of spread to healthcare workers, barriers to treatment with OV immunotherapies remain. With comprehensive information and educational programs, our hope is that updated biosafety guidance on OV immunotherapies will reduce logistical hurdles to ensure that patients have access to these innovative and potentially life-saving medicines across treatment settings. This work reviews a comprehensive collection of data in conjunction with the opinions of the authors based on their clinical experience to provide the suggested framework and key considerations for implementing biosafety protocols for OV immunotherapies, namely T-VEC, the only approved agent to date.
Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jung Se Young , Chun Sohyun , Cho Eun Bin , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Yeo Yohwan , Yoo Jung Eun , Jeong Su Min , Min Ju-Hong , Shin Dong Wook 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThere have been no studies on the association between changes in smoking and alcohol consumption or combined changes in smoking and alcohol consumption frequencies and PD risk. To assess the influence of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsNational Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database between January 2009 to December 2011 was analyzed. A total of 3,931,741 patients were included. Study participants were followed up for the incidence of PD until December 2017.ResultsCompared to the sustained non-smokers, sustained light smokers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75–0.85), sustained moderate smokers (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.61), and sustained heavy smokers (aHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.44–0.55) had a lower risk of PD. Compared to those who sustained non-drinking, sustained light drinkers (aHR 0.85 95% CI 0.89–0.91), sustained moderate drinkers (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60–0.78), and sustained heavy drinkers (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87) showed decreased risk of PD. Among non-drinkers, those who started drinking to a light level were at decreased risk of PD (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77–0.91). Among non-smoking and non-drinking participants, those who initiated smoking only (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.86), drinking only (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87), and both smoking and drinking (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58–0.82) showed decreased risk of PD.ConclusionSmoking is associated with decreased risk of PD with a dose–response relationship. Alcohol consumption at a light level may also be associated with decreased risk of PD. Further studies are warranted to find the possible mechanisms for the protective effects of smoking and drinking on PD, which may present insights into the etiology of PD.
Incidence, therapy, and outcome in the management of chronic subdural hematoma in Switzerland: a population-based multicenter cohort study
Authors: El Rahal Amir , Beck Jürgen , Ahlborn Peter , Bernasconi Corrado , Marbacher Serge , Wanderer Stefan , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Daniel Roy Thomas , Ferrari Andrea , Hausmann Oliver , Kamenova Maria , Kothbauer Karl , Lutz Katharina , Mariani Luigi , Alfieri Alex , Schöni Daniel , Schucht Philippe , Raabe Andreas , Regli Luca , Kuhlen Dominique , Seule Martin , Soleman Jehuda , Starnoni Daniele , Zaldivar Julien , Zweifel Christian , Schaller Karl , Fung Christian 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a disease affecting mainly elderly individuals. The reported incidence ranges from 2.0/100,000 to 58 per 100,000 person-years when only considering patients who are over 70 years old, with an overall incidence of 8.2–14.0 per 100,000 persons. Due to an estimated doubling of the population above 65 years old between 2000 and 2030, cSDH will become an even more significant concern. To gain an overview of cSDH hospital admission rates, treatment, and outcome, we performed this multicenter national cohort study of patients requiring surgical treatment of cSDH.MethodsA multicenter cohort study included patients treated in 2013 in a Swiss center accredited for residency. Demographics, medical history, symptoms, and medication were recorded. Imaging at admission was evaluated, and therapy was divided into burr hole craniostomy (BHC), twist drill craniostomy (TDC), and craniotomy. Patients' outcomes were dichotomized into good (mRS, 0–3) and poor (mRS, 4–6) outcomes. A two-sided t-test for unpaired variables was performed, while a chi-square test was performed for categorical variables, and a p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsA total of 663 patients were included. The median age was 76 years, and the overall incidence rate was 8.2/100,000. With age, the incidence rate increased to 64.2/100,000 in patients aged 80–89 years. The most prevalent symptoms were gait disturbance in 362 (58.6%) of patients, headache in 286 (46.4%), and focal neurological deficits in 252 (40.7%). CSDH distribution was unilateral in 478 (72.1%) patients, while 185 presented a bilateral hematoma with no difference in the outcome. BHC was the most performed procedure for 758 (97.3%) evacuations. CSDH recurrence was noted in 104 patients (20.1%). A good outcome was seen in almost 81% of patients. Factors associated with poor outcomes were age, GCS and mRS on admission, and the occurrence of multiple deficits present at the diagnosis of the cSDH.ConclusionAs the first multicenter national cohort-based study analyzing the disease burden of cSDH, our study reveals that the hospital admission rate of cSDH was 8.2/100,000, while with age, it rose to 64.2/100,000. A good outcome was seen in 81% of patients, who maintained the same quality of life as before the surgery. However, the mortality rate was 4%.
Web-based psychoeducational interventions for managing cognitive impairment–a systematic review
Authors: Vuori Outi , Kallio Eeva-Liisa , Wikström Annamaria , Jokinen Hanna , Hietanen Marja 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveWeb-based rehabilitation, a branch of telerehabilitation, is carried out over the internet, unrestricted by time or place. Even though web-based interventions have been reported as feasible and effective in cases of mood disorders, for example, such evidence on the effectiveness of web-based cognitive rehabilitation remains unclear. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge on web-based psychoeducational programs aiming to manage cognitive deficits in patients with diseases that affect cognition.MethodsUsing the Ovid database and the Web of Science, we systematically searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, and PsycINFO to identify eligible studies. The review protocol (CRD42021257315) was pre-registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The search was performed 10/13/2022. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts, and extracted data for the selected studies. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality.ResultsThe search retrieved 6,487 articles. Four studies with different patient groups (stroke, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, and cancer) met the inclusion criteria of this systematic review. The studies examined systematic cognition-focused psychoeducational rehabilitation programs in which the patient worked independently. Three studies found positive effects on subjective cognitive functions, executive functions, and self-reported memory. No effects were found on objective cognitive functions. However, the studies had methodological weaknesses (non-randomized designs, small sample sizes, vaguely described interventions). Overall, adherence and patient satisfaction were good/excellent.ConclusionWeb-based cognitive intervention programs are a new approach to rehabilitation and patient education. The evidence, although scarce, shows that web-based interventions are feasible and support subjective cognitive functioning. However, the literature to date is extremely limited and the quality of the studies is weak. More research with high-quality study designs is needed.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=257315, identifier: CRD42021257315.