bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, birth, and clinical characteristics of dyskinetic cerebral palsy compared with spastic cerebral palsy subtypes: A Norwegian register‐based study
Authors: Evensen Thomas L. , Vik Torstein , Andersen Guro L. , Bjellmo Solveig , Hollung Sandra Julsen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo study the prevalence, birth, and clinical characteristics of children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway compared with spastic quadriplegic CP and other spastic CP subtypes.MethodData on children born from 1996 to 2015 were collected from the Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.ResultsOne hundred and seventy (6.8%) children had dyskinetic CP. The birth prevalence decreased during 1996 to 2015 from 0.21 to 0.07 per 1000 livebirths (p < 0.001). Dyskinetic CP was more often associated with term/post‐term birth, and motor and associated impairments were more severe compared with spastic bilateral and unilateral CP, but less severe than spastic quadriplegic CP. On neuroimaging, grey matter injuries were most prevalent in dyskinetic CP (mainly basal ganglia/thalamus) and spastic quadriplegic CP (mainly cortico‐subcortical), white matter injuries in spastic bilateral, and white and grey matter injuries were equally common in spastic unilateral CP. Normal neuroimaging and brain maldevelopment were present in 25% of children with dyskinetic CP.InterpretationThe decrease in birth prevalence of dyskinetic CP was probably due to improved antenatal and perinatal care. Potential sentinel events at term were more common in dyskinetic CP than other spastic CP subtypes. However, probable antenatal aetiologies were most prevalent. Motor and associated impairments were less severe in children with dyskinetic CP compared with spastic quadriplegic CP.What this paper adds

Birth prevalence of those with dyskinetic and spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway decreased between 1996 and 2015.
Potential sentinel events at term were more common in dyskinetic CP.
Nonetheless, probable antenatal aetiologies were most prevalent in dyskinetic CP.
Basal ganglia/thalamus lesions were more common in dyskinetic than spastic quadriplegic CP.
Motor and associated impairments were milder in dyskinetic than spastic quadriplegic CP.
Impact of diabetes stigma in diabetes distress and diabetes self‐care: The moderating role of diabetes social support and general self‐esteem in Arabic‐speaking adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Alzubaidi Hamzah , Mc Namara Kevin , Samorinha Catarina , Versace Vincent , Saidawi Ward , Speight Jane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThere is increasing evidence that diabetes stigma has negative impacts on behavioural and psychological outcomes among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, research has focused largely on Caucasian and certain Asian groups. The aim of this study was to examine associations of diabetes stigma with diabetes distress and self‐care, and investigate the moderating effects of self‐esteem and social support, in Arabic‐speaking communities.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at 21 outpatient clinics and diabetes‐specialist centres in the United Arab Emirates. Besides the Arabic Type‐2 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale, participants completed other validated questionnaires assessing distress, self‐care, social support, and self‐esteem. General linear models were used to estimate the mean difference in diabetes‐specific distress and self‐care for every 1‐point increase in diabetes stigma total score.ResultsAmong 327 adults with T2D, the mean total score of diabetes stigma was 43.55 ± 13.95. Every 1‐point increase in diabetes stigma was associated with significantly increased diabetes distress (β = 0.113, 95% CI: 0.078 to 0.147; p = 0.003) and decreased self‐care behaviours: diet (β = −0.029, 95% CI: −0.048 to −0.009; p = 0.008), physical activity (β = −0.022, 95% CI: −0.038 to −0.006; p = 0.013) and foot care (β = −0.043, 95% CI: −0.059 to −0.026; p < 0.001). Self‐esteem mitigated the effect of diabetes stigma on diabetes distress.ConclusionsPerceived and experienced diabetes stigma was independently associated with increased diabetes distress and decreased engagement in diabetes self‐care among Arabic‐speaking adults with T2D. These findings are crucial to help clinicians provide more effective assessment and counselling and guide public health interventions to decrease diabetes stigma in these communities.
Acceptability and adoption of the Face‐it health promotion intervention targeting women with prior gestational diabetes and their partners: A qualitative study of the perspectives of healthcare professionals
Authors: Timm Anne , Kragelund Nielsen Karoline , Jensen Dorte Moeller , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigated healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences with delivering home visits and digital coaching in the Face‐it health promotion intervention targeting women with recent GDM and their families. Understanding the acceptability and adoption of a health promotion intervention can provide insights into intervention fidelity and future scalability.MethodsIn total, 13 HCPs were interviewed. Data were analysed thematically through an abductive approach using Sekhon et al.'s theoretical framework of acceptability and Greenhalgh et al.'s framework for non‐adoption, abandonment, scale‐up, spread, and sustainability.ResultsAcceptability and adoption of the intervention among HCPs were influenced by (1) skills and technology, (2) values, and (3) organisation. The intervention was experienced as acceptable to HCPs because the dialogue tool, visualising different topics, used in the home visits and digital coaching through the LIVA app were flexible and enabled them to address psychosocial health and personalise goal setting in families. However, delivering asynchronous and non‐verbal communication was experienced as straining HCPs' relationship with families, which misaligned with HCPs' values. Establishing a non‐judgemental environment was needed to increase intervention acceptability among HCPs towards addressing type 2 diabetes risk after GDM. Increased collaboration between HCPs may have aligned advice and support to families and could have benefitted delivery.ConclusionsWhen delivering health promotion to women with prior GDM, flexible intervention components that support psychosocial‐ and mental health topics may increase acceptability and adoption of the intervention among HCPs. HCPs' skills, values, and organisational factors should be considered prior and during implementation.
Non‐invasive imaging of functional pancreatic islet beta‐cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Joshi Shruti S. , Singh Trisha , Kershaw Lucy E. , Gibb Fraser W. , Dweck Marc R. , Williams Michelle , Idris Iskandar , Semple Scott , Forbes Shareen , Newby David E. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging can assess functional pancreatic beta‐cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsIn a prospective case–control study, 20 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (10 with low (≥50 pmol/L) and 10 with very low (<50 pmol/L) C‐peptide concentrations) and 15 healthy volunteers underwent manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas following an oral glucose load. Scan‐rescan reproducibility was performed in 10 participants.ResultsMean pancreatic manganese uptake was 31 ± 6 mL/100 g of tissue/min in healthy volunteers (median 32 [interquartile range 23–36] years, 6 women), falling to 23 ± 4 and 13 ± 5 mL/100 g of tissue/min (p ≤ 0.002 for both) in people with type1 diabetes mellitus (52 [44–61] years, 6 women) and low or very low plasma C‐peptide concentrations respectively. Pancreatic manganese uptake correlated strongly with plasma C‐peptide concentrations in people with type1 diabetes mellitus (r = 0.73,p < 0.001) but not in healthy volunteers (r = −0.054,p = 0.880). There were no statistically significant correlations between manganese uptake and age, body‐mass index, or glycated haemoglobin. There was strong intra‐observer (mean difference: 0.31 (limits of agreement −1.42 to 2.05) mL/100 g of tissue/min; intra‐class correlation, ICC = 0.99), inter‐observer (−1.23 (−5.74 to 3.27) mL/100 g of tissue/min; ICC = 0.85) and scan‐rescan (−0.72 (−2.9 to 1.6) mL/100 g of tissue/min; ICC = 0.96) agreement for pancreatic manganese uptake.ConclusionsManganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging provides a potential reproducible non‐invasive measure of functional beta‐cell mass in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This holds major promise for investigating type 1 diabetes, monitoring disease progression and assessing novel immunomodulatory interventions.
Clinical outcomes and phylogenetic analysis in reflection with three predominant clades of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Ali Kameran M. , Rashid Peshnyar M. A. , Ali Ayad M. , Tofiq Ahmed M. , Salih Gaza F. , Dana Omer I. , Rostam Hassan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) undergoes continuous evolution, resulting in the emergence of several variants. Each variant has a different severity and mortality rate.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 1174 COVID‐19 patients were studied for mortality and severity over three SARS‐CoV‐2 predominating variant periods in 2021 and 2022 in Sulaimani Province, Iraq. In each period, a representative, variant virus was subjected to phylogenetic and molecular and clinical analysis.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed three SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, belonging to: Delta B.1.617.2, Omicron BA.1.17.2, and Omicron BA.5.6. The Delta variants showed more severe symptoms and a lower PCR‐Ct value than Omicron variants regardless of gender, and only 4.3% of the cases were asymptomatic. The mortality rate was lower with Omicron (.5% for BA.5.2 and 1.3% for BA.1.17.2) compared with Delta variants (2.5%). The higher mortality rate with Delta variants was in males (2.84%), while that with Omicron BA1.17.2 and BA.5.2 was in females, 1.05% and .0%, respectively. Age group (≥70) years had the highest mortality rate; however, it was (.0%) in the age group (30–49) years with Omicron variants, compared with (.96%) in Delta variants.ConclusionsThere has been a surge in COVID‐19 infection in the city due to the predominant lineages of SARS‐CoV‐2, B.1.617, Omicron BA.1.17.2 and Omicron BA.5.6, respectively. A higher PCR‐Ct value and severity of the Delta variant over Omicron BA.1.17.2 and/or BA.5.2 variants were significantly correlated with a higher death rate in the same order.
The occurrence of trophically transmitted parasites is influenced by the trophic level and body size of the fish host
Authors: Lehun Atsler Luana , Silva João Otávio Santos , Michelan Gabriela , Lansac‐Tôha Fernando Miranda , Cavalcanti Lidiany Doreto , Takemoto Ricardo Massato 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEndoparasites that are trophically transmitted are closely intertwined and constrained by the structure of the food chain. Each fish species can be used as an intermediate or definitive host; thus, the position it occupies in the food web and the body size can be determining factors for the presence of parasites and their transmission. Considering that fish can be parasitized by larval and adult stage endoparasites and that they are exposed to a wide variety of parasite species, we used a helminth dataset from 70 fish species and tested whether the total parasite richness, larval and adult, of fish from the upper Paraná River floodplain can be explained by body size and trophic level. For the trophic level, we observed an increasing trend in the richness of larval parasites. Regarding the richness of adult parasites and the total richness, we observed an increase as a function of the body size of the host. The tropic position and body size of the fish were good predictors, indicating that the position of the host in the trophic chain can influence and determine its life cycle.
Math anxiety and the shifting function: An event‐related potential study of arithmetic task switching
Authors: González‐Gómez Belén , Núñez‐Peña M. Isabel , Colomé Àngels 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhy is math anxiety usually related to less efficient math processing? According to attentional control theory, anxiety leads to reduced attentional control, which often entails a greater investment of resources (e.g., more time or effort) to carry out a cognitive task. The executive functions mainly affected by anxiety are inhibition and shifting. Previous studies suggest that math anxiety may impair the inhibitory function. In the present study, the relationship between math anxiety and shifting efficiency when switching between two‐digit additions and subtractions was examined. Twenty highly math‐anxious and 20 low math‐anxious individuals participated in an event‐related potential (ERP) transition‐cueing experiment. Math anxiety was expected to delay the shifting process, leading to a larger switch cost in response time and no centroparietal cue‐locked switch‐specific positivity registered in the electroencephalogram during the cue‐target interval. Highly math‐anxious individuals showed a larger switch cost than their low math‐anxious peers. Asymmetrical switch effects between operations in response time were found in both groups, which might be due to larger sequential difficulty effects after subtractions than after additions. The cue‐locked switch‐specific positivity was present only in the low math‐anxious group. The present results suggest that highly math‐anxious individuals take longer to shift task sets. Additionally, the highly math‐anxious group showed a more positive frontal P2 after the cue that announced a switch to subtraction, probably indicating stronger attentional capture by this cue, because the most threatening condition is anticipated. Taken together, these data suggest that math anxiety also impairs attentional control when switching between arithmetic tasks.
Effects of the self‐perceived sensorimotor demand and immersion during video gaming on visual‐attention skills
Authors: Moënne‐Loccoz Cristóbal , Hernández Alfredo , Larraguibel Camila , Lam Gustavo , Lorca‐Ponce Enrique , Montefusco‐Siegmund Rodrigo , Maldonado Pedro , Vergara Rodrigo C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlaying specific genres of video games (e.g., action video games) has been linked to improvements in cognitive skills mostly related to attentional phenomena. Nonetheless, do video games have features or dimensions in common that impact cognitive improvements beyond the game genre? Here, we argue that the sensorimotor demand—the amount of demand for precise coordination between movement and perception—is a key element in the improvements associated with playing video games. We conducted a two‐part study to test this hypothesis: a self‐report online gaming instrument development and validation and an in‐lab behavioural and electrophysiological study. In the first study, data from 209 participants were used to devise the sensorimotor demand instrument (SMDI). The SMDI was split into three dimensions of video game playing: sensorimotor contingency, immersion and unfocused gaming. Criterion validity related to video gamers' characteristics supported that the SMDI is sensitive to the input device (e.g., keyboard or touchscreens), and the most recent experience gained during gaming sessions while not being sensitive to the game genre. In the second study, data from 20 participants who performed four visual‐attentional tasks previously reported in the literature showed that the SMDI's dimensions were associated with behavioural performance measures and the latency and amplitude of event‐related potentials (N1, P2 and P3). Despite the challenge of studying the video gamer population, our study remarks on the relevance of sensorimotor demands in the performance of attentional tasks and its potential use as a dimension to characterize the experience of playing video games beyond the game genre.
Early timing of anesthesia in status epilepticus is associated with complete recovery: A 7‐year retrospective two‐center study
Authors: De Stefano Pia , Baumann Sira M. , Grzonka Pascale , Sarbu Oana E. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Hunziker Sabina , Rüegg Stephan , Kleinschmidt Andreas , Quintard Hervé , Marsch Stephan , Seeck Margitta , Sutter Raoul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy, tolerability, and outcome of different timing of anesthesia in adult patients with status epilepticus (SE).MethodsPatients with anesthesia for SE from 2015 to 2021 at two Swiss academic medical centers were categorized as anesthetized as recommended third‐line treatment, earlier (as first‐ or second‐line treatment), and delayed (later as third‐line treatment). Associations between timing of anesthesia and in‐hospital outcomes were estimated by logistic regression.ResultsOf 762 patients, 246 received anesthesia; 21% were anesthetized as recommended, 55% earlier, and 24% delayed. Propofol was preferably used for earlier (86% vs. 55.5% for recommended/delayed anesthesia) and midazolam for later anesthesia (17.2% vs. 15.9% for earlier anesthesia). Earlier anesthesia was statistically significantly associated with fewer infections (17% vs. 32.7%), shorter median SE duration (.5 vs. 1.5 days), and more returns to premorbid neurologic function (52.9% vs. 35.5%). Multivariable analyses revealed decreasing odds for return to premorbid function with every additional nonanesthetic antiseizure medication given prior to anesthesia (odds ratio [OR] = .71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .53–.94) independent of confounders. Subgroup analyses revealed decreased odds for return to premorbid function with increasing delay of anesthesia independent of the Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS; STESS = 1‐2: OR = .45, 95% CI = .27–.74; STESS > 2: OR = .53, 95% CI = .34–.85), especially in patients without potentially fatal etiology (OR = .5, 95% CI = .35–.73) and in patients experiencing motor symptoms (OR = .67, 95% CI = .48–.93).SignificanceIn this SE cohort, anesthetics were administered as recommended third‐line therapy in only every fifth patient and earlier in every second. Increasing delay of anesthesia was associated with decreased odds for return to premorbid function, especially in patients with motor symptoms and no potentially fatal etiology.
Characteristics of Australia's alien flora vary with invasion stage
Authors: Bartlett Angela C. , Blackburn Tim M. , Randall Rod , Catford Jane A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimDirectly or indirectly, humans select the plants that they transport and introduce outside of species native ranges. Plants that have become invasive may therefore reflect which species had the chance to invade, rather than which species would become invasive given the chance. We examine characteristics of failed introductions, along with invasion successes, by investigating (a) variation in plant characteristics across invasion stages, and (b) how observed characteristics predict the likelihood of species moving through invasion stages.LocationAustralia.Time period1770s to present.Major taxa studied34,650 plant species, across 424 families.MethodsWe used a comprehensive list of 34,650 plant species that are known to have been introduced to Australia, 4,081 of which are classified as naturalized and 428 as invasive. We represent plant characteristics with categorical growth forms, three functional traits (plant height, seed mass, and specific leaf area) and three factors related to species introduction histories (native regions, purpose, and minimum residence times).Results(a) The types of species introduced determine the types of species that naturalize and become invasive; (b) species introduction histories predict the likelihood of species moving through invasion stages; and (c) the numbers of species naturalizing (~15%) and becoming invasive (~15%) slightly exceeds expectation from the “tens rule”, which expects that 10% of introduced species naturalize and 10% become invasive.Main conclusionsOur findings are significant for global biosecurity, indicating that functional traits alone cannot be used to predict a species' risk of becoming invasive. Rather, evidence suggests that characteristics of species introductions—specifically, a longer time‐lag since first introduction and more pathways of introduction—define the relative risks of species moving through invasion stages. This is important for assessing future invasion risks, as future introductions may differ from those of the past. Our work highlights the need to reduce the number of species introduced.
Association of periodontal disease with migraine: A large‐scale community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Yen‐Ju , Hu Kai‐Fang , Chan Chi , Huang Claire , Huang Yu‐Han , Wang Yen‐Feng , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Chen Shih‐Pin , Lee Mei‐Hsuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease may drive a systemic inflammatory response that triggers migraine; however, the association between periodontal disease and migraine has rarely been investigated in a community‐based setting.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 66,109 participants aged 30 to 70 years from Taiwan Biobank (TWB). A structured questionnaire was administered to participants, who were also subjected to whole‐genome single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using the customized Axiom–TWB array. To identify subjects with periodontal disease and migraine, the computerized linkage of data obtained from TWB and the National Health Insurance Research Database was performed. Participants were evaluated for their genetic predisposition to migraine using a polygenic risk score. We examined and estimated the magnitude of associations between periodontal disease and migraine.ResultsIn this study, 4618 (4618/66,109; 7%) participants with migraine and 61,491 (61,491/66,109; 83%) participants without migraine were included. Participants with migraine exhibited a higher prevalence of periodontal disease than participants without migraine (4324/4618; 94% vs. 56,036/61,491; 91%). A significant positive association was observed between periodontal disease and migraine, with an adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) of 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–1.59; p < 0.001). The association remained consistent even after excluding participants with other comorbidities (ORadj = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.16–1.55; p < 0.001). Moreover, the positive association between periodontal disease and migraine remained significant across the subgroups of age, sex, other comorbidities, and classified polygenic risk scores of migraine, with the ORadj ranging from 1.26 to 1.78.ConclusionsA significant positive association was observed between periodontal disease and migraine. Future studies need to explore the biological mechanisms of how periodontal disease might affect migraine.