bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histocompatibility and Tumor Virus Antigens Identified on Cells Grown in Tissue Culture by Means of the Mixed Hemadsorption Reaction
Authors: Barth Rolf F. , Espmark J. Åke , Fagraeus Astrid 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The mixed hemadsorption reaction, which essentially is a modification of the Coombs mixed antiglobulin reaction, has been used to demonstrate histocompatibility antigens determined by the H-2 locus on normal and neoplastic mouse cells grown in vitro. With this method hemadsorption was demonstrated with serum dilutions up to 1:100, while in contrast it was impossible to demonstrate H-2 antigens by indirect immunofluorescent staining or by an assay for cytotoxic antibody.
Furthermore, it was possible to demonstrate viral and/or “tumor-specific” antigens on embryonic mouse fibroblasts which had been infected in vitro with the Moloney agent.
This study provides confirmatory evidence for the persistence of histocompatibility antigens on cells which have been maintained in tissue culture for long periods of time.
Estimates of the minimum amounts of antibody nitrogen detectable by this method have been made, and this may be in the range of 0.002 µg to 0.0002 µg of Ab N/ml.
The sensitivity of the mixed hemadsorption reaction makes it particularly suited to the study of cell surface antigens whose concentration and geometric representation might otherwise render them undetectable.
Hypersensitivity to Ascaris Antigens
Authors: Strejan Gill , Campbell Dan H. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Guinea pigs were immunized with a crude preparation of Ascaris suum extract. Their sera were separated by preparative electrophoresis in agar and the isolated fractions were tested by agar immunoelectrophoresis for the presence of 7S γ-1- and γ-2-globulins, by cellulose-acetate immunoelectrophoresis for the presence of precipitating antibodies to Ascaris antigens and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs. The results indicated that both 7S γ-1 and γ-2 anti-Ascaris antibodies had the ability to elicit PCA reactions although more 7S γ-2 was necessary for a positive skin reaction to occur.
Experimental Murine Cryptococcosis: Effect of Hyperimmunization to Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Goren Mayer B. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
High levels of humoral antibody directed against cryptococcal capsule are stimulated in mice by immunization with cryptococcal polysaccharide conjugated to bovine γ-globulin (BGG). Mice so immunized manifest no increased resistance to 75, 5 or even ½ LD50 intravenous challenges with the large capsule homologous organism, and in fact show a slightly enhanced susceptibility to the disease as compared with unimmunized controls. An exploratory immunization with an antigen prepared by decapsulation of cryptococci with dimethylsulfoxide elicited a protective immunity, but only against low level challenge.
Ancillary studies on changes in tissue fungal population with time in infected unimmunized mice, augmented by immunofluorescent examination of sera and tissue homogenates, yielded evidence that a dual natured immune response is stimulated by the infection: production of unprotective humoral anti-polysaccharide and stimulation of an at least partially effective defense mechanism that remains uncharacterized, but which may reside at the cellular level. It is suggested that the “immunologic paralysis” postulated as a consequence of cryptococcal infection is probably relevant only to polysaccharide antigen (soluble or capsular) and as such may have but little influence on active immunity.
OUTCOMES OF OVERT AND NON-OVERT DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION USING THE ISTH DIC SCORING SYSTEM IN CHILDREN: A SINGLE-CENTER STUDY
Authors: Buaboonnam Jassada , Wnagkittikal Chonthida , Narkbunnam Nattee , Vathana Nassawee , Takpradit Chayamon , Phuakpet Kamon , Sinlapamongkolkul Phakatip , Sanpakit Kleebsabai , Karaketklang Khemajira , Pongtanakul Bunchoo 
Published: January 2023

Background: Several disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) scoring systems are used for prognosticating the clinical outcomes of patients with DIC. However, research on children is scarce. This study compared the clinical outcomes of overt and non-overt DIC using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) DIC scoring system.
Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data on children aged 1 month to 15 years diagnosed with DIC between 2003 and 2014.
Results: Of 244 patients, 179 (73.4%) had overt DIC, and 65 (26.6%) had non-overt DIC. The most common causes were infection (84.8%), tissue injury (7%), and malignancies (2.9%). The 28-day case fatality rate was significantly higher for overt than non-overt DIC (76% vs 15.6%; P < 0.001). DIC scores were significantly associated with mortality (R2 = 0.89). Each clinical parameter (platelet count, prothrombin time, and fibrin degradation products) was associated with mortality (P = 0.01). On multivariable analysis, the factors associated with death were platelet counts ≤ 50 000 cells/mm3 (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.08–5.42; P = 0.031); overt DIC score (OR, 7.62; 95% CI, 2.94–19.75; P < 0.001); renal dysfunction (OR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.34–6.37; P = 0.007); shock (OR, 39.62; 95% CI, 4.99–314.84; P = 0.001); and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 25.90; 95% CI, 3.12–214.80; P = 0.003).
Conclusions: The 28-day case-fatality rate was significantly higher for patients with overt than non-overt DIC and concordant with ISTH scores. ISTH DIC scores can be used as a clinical predictor for DIC in children.
A study on BK polyomavirus among kidney transplant recipients and nontransplants
Authors: Abed Ghufran Hammoodi , Al-Saeed Wisam Mahdi , Salem Asmaa Baqer , Abood Ahmed Sattar 
Published: January 2023

Background:
BK polyomavirus (BKV) induces allograft malfunction in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and it could cause loss of the allograft, however, this virus does not cause any harm among healthy subjects.

Aims:
This study was conducted to determine and compare the frequency of BK viremia between RTR and healthy subjects, and to find out its risks and its relation to their renal function.

Settings and Design:
This was a case–control study.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 206 blood samples were collected from (106) RTRs within the first 2 years posttransplantation from the center of kidney diseases and transplantation, and (100) nonrenal transplant samples (healthy blood donors from the Iraqi Blood Donation Center in the Medical City of Baghdad. The large tumor antigen region of BKV was amplified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Frequencies, percentages, Chi-square-test, odds ratio (OR), and confidence interval were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v. 28 (IBM, USA).

Results:
BKV was positive in 23 (21.7%) of RTR patients and 8 (8.0%) of control, which is statistically significant P = 0.005. RTR patients under tacrolimus (TAC) were at a higher risk, to had BKV viremia (P = 0.05). However, there was no significant difference neither in relative risk (OR = 0.904) nor the distributions (P = 0.839) regarding serum creatinine levels.

Conclusions:
A significantly higher BK viremia among RTR and increasing risk of reactivation with TAC immunosuppression should warn the nephrologists about the risk of this immunosuppression regimen on the renal allograft.
Tinnitus in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Das Somadatta 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom found in the outpatient department of otolaryngology. Patients with COVID-19 infection have complained of tinnitus. However, in the present COVID-19 epidemic, it has received little attention.

Objective:
The goal of this study was to see how common tinnitus was among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective study that looked at 28 COVID-19 participants who had tinnitus. COVID-19 infection was confirmed in all of them using a nasopharyngeal swab reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The detailed history-taking clinical examination of the ear was done for the assessment of tinnitus and its outcome was analyzed.

Results:
There were 28 COVID-19 patients presented with tinnitus out of 212 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. There were 16 (57.14%) men and 12 (42.85%) women out of 28 COVID-19 patients with tinnitus, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.33:1. Seven (25%) of the 28 patients had hearing loss, whereas 4 (14.28%) had balance issues. Out of 28 patients, 5 (17.85%) had symptoms of migraine.

Conclusion:
This study shows that COVID-19 patients may be affected by subjective otoneurological symptoms like tinnitus. Tinnitus is more common in male COVID-19 patients than in female. The associated symptoms of hearing impairment and balance issues should be anticipated along with tinnitus. More research is needed to figure out the specific pathophysiological process that causes this subjective ringing sensation in COVID-19 patients.
The Effect of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy on Lipid Profile
Authors: Shuwelif Ali Rodan , Mihson Haider Salim , Maikhan Ayad Khani 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common surgical gastrointestinal diseases. Cholesterol is one of the constituents of gallstones. Hyperlipidemia and GSD are often linked to cholesterol in pathophysiology, and cholecystectomy is associated with hepatobiliary circulation affecting fat absorption. The aim of the study is to assess the lipid profile (LP) changes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Methods:
Prospective cohort study that included 200 patients with documented GSD and baseline measurement of LP, followed by LC for half of them, and two follow-up measurements of LP after 2 weeks and 1 month. Comparison of the LP between the two groups to estimate the difference that occur due to LC, after that, comparison of the two follow-up measurements with baseline to estimate the effect of these changes with time.

Results:
Total serum cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride level (TG) were significantly lower from control 1 month after surgery; on pairwise analysis, TG level was lower than baseline on both 2-week and 1-month follow-up measurements. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher than the control after 1 month, on pairwise analysis at 2 weeks, no difference from baseline was found, and a significant difference was found after 1 month. Both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) were not different from the control.

Conclusion:
LC is associated with a reduction of the serum level of both TC and TG and an increase serum level of HDL after 1 month of follow-up.
The Benefit of Middle Turbinate Stabilization during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, A Comparative Study
Authors: Mohammed Ali Abed 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The laterlization of middle turbinate and adhesion to the lateral nasal wall is a common coplication of fuctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FEESS) result in failure of initial procedure and obstruction of osteomeatal complex. Current procedure for middle turbinate medialization, include creation of controlled synaechia between middle turbinate and nasal septum (bolgerization) and fixation of middle turbinate to nasal septum by suturing using absorbale vicryl suture (conchopexy).

Objective:
Is to compare between FESS with middle turbinate fixation to the septum by conchopexy or bolgerization technique to prevent laterlization of middle turbinate and thier impact on postoperative symptoms and signs and conventional FESS without fixation of the middle turbinate to the septum.

Patients and Methods:
The current stydy include 80 patients, they were divided into 3 groups, Group 1, include 30 patients underwent conventional FESS with medialization of middle turbinate only, using middle meatal pack, lest for 2 days. Group2, included 25 patients underwent FESS with Bolgerization method. Group3, included 25 patients underwent FESS with conchopexy by suturing the middle turbinate to the septum. Preoperative, postoperative, symptoms and endoscopy findings were compare among all the 3 groups.

Result:
Significant improvement is achieved in all groups and this improvement was founds to be significant stastically for nasa obstruction, nasal discharge, olfactory function, (P > 0.001)and for facial pain (P = 0.009). Bolgerization technique had better result in improving olfactory disturbance as compared to other methods. The pstoerative endoscopic findings improvement score was stastically significant for all groups with (P = 0.002) for the 1st group and (P = 0.001) fore the 2nd and 3rd groups. Regarding synaechia and laterlization of middle turbinate, in group 3 one of the patient had laterlization and synaechia between the middle turbinate and the lateral nasal wall (4%), 4 patients in group 2 (16%), and 10 patients in group 1 (33.3%).

Conclusion:
Conchopexy and Bolgerization are effective method to stabilize middle turbinate and preventing middle turbinate laterlization and synaechia following FESS with highly significant improvement of postoperative symptoms and endoscopic findings.
E-cigarettes
Authors: Yeung Caitlin Hon Ning 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Given dramatic rises in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents and ongoing dilemmas regarding their harms versus potential for harm reduction, this study examined the current pattern of e-cigarette use, the perceived health effects of e-cigarettes and the association of e-cigarette with the use of other tobacco products among Hong Kong secondary school students.

Materials and Methods:
26,684 Hong Kong secondary school students participated in the territory-wide, school-based Hong Kong Secondary School Smoking and Health Survey 2016/17, conducted by the HKU School of Public Health. Data regarding demographics, self-reported harms of e-cigarette use, and its association with smoking intention, habits and quitting intention, was obtained and analysed.

Results:
Among Hong Kong secondary school students, 8.9% have ever-used e-cigarettes and the prevalence of past-30-day e-cigarette use was 3.0%. For those who had ever used e-cigarettes, 27.1% had their first puff before or at 11 years old. E-cigarette use among secondary school students was significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (current users: AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13–2.23; ever users: AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and poorer perceived health status (current users: AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.27; ever users: AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), after adjusting for confounders. Current adolescent e-cigarette use was also significantly associated with increased intentions of tobacco smoking (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–2.46) and waterpipe use (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.77–3.91) in the next 12 months, cigarette smoking status (including those who ever-smoked, experimented, quit and currently smoke), and waterpipe and other tobacco product use in the past 30 days. Moreover, Hong Kong secondary school students who used e-cigarettes along with cigarettes did not show significant changes in quitting intention.

Conclusions:
E-cigarette use was associated with poorer perceived health status and respiratory symptoms, increased use and intention to use cigarettes and other tobacco products, and no significant changes in quitting intention. This study does not support e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool and shows that e-cigarettes are not safe as general consumer products. Their function as a gateway to smoking and their failure to reduce quitting intention in adolescents may renormalize the tobacco industry and reverse all tobacco control efforts.
SIKLUS UMRAN /PERADABAN
Authors: Apriliza Yafika 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karya Ibnu Khaldun pemikirannya tentang epistemologi terkait perkembangan peradaban manusia. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research, mengkaji pemikiran ibnu Khaldun tentang perkembangan peradaban manusia yang membandingkannya dengan sumber lain terkait pembahasan yang sama. Kemudian dianalisis untuk memperoleh sebuah kesimpulan tentang epistemologi peradaban manusia. Dari kajian ini dapat diketahui bahwa pada prinsipnya peradaban manusia menurut Ibnu Khaldun adalah realisasi asabiah untuk menciptakan pembangunan manusia dan kelembagaan. Kemakmuran peradaban tersebut mesti memenuhi tiga kriteria Pertama, masyarakat beragama dan berakhlak mulia. Kedua, masyarakat yang bekerjasama dan bersatu padu. Ketiga, pemerintahan yang adil dan saksama.
Kata kunci: Ibnu Khaldun, Asabiah, peradaban.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the work of Ibn Khaldun, his thoughts on epistemology related to the development of human civilization. The method used in this study is library research, which examines Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on the development of human civilization by comparing them with other sources related to the same discussion. Then it is analyzed to obtain a conclusion about the epistemology of human civilization. From this study it can be seen that in principle human civilization according to Ibn Khaldun is the realization of asabiah to create human and institutional development. The prosperity of this civilization must meet three criteria. First, a religious community and noble character. Second, people who work together and unite. Third, just and thorough government.
Keywords: Ibnu Khaldun, Asabiah, civilization.
Burnout Pada Guru Sekolah Dasar Fullday : Menguji Peranan Kecerdasan Emosional dan Dukungan Sosial
Authors: Harnany Lufiana , Putra Firman Widya 
Published: January 2023

Burnout adalah kelelahan emosi yang seringkali dialami oleh individu yang bekerja di bidang pelayanan seperti kesehatan, pendidikan, dan pelayanan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan dukungan sosial terhadap burnout pada guru sekolah dasar yang menerapkan fullday school. Rancangan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional ini melibatkan 87 guru sekolah dasar fullday yang diambil melalui teknik quota sampling. Ada tiga instrumen yang digunakan yaitu maslach burnout intentory (MBI), emotional intelligence questionnarire (EI), dan multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan dukungan sosial terhadap burnout. Selanjutnya, kajian kualitatif akan dapat menggali lebih dalam apa saja bentuk dukungan sosial yang dimiliki para guru dan upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengasah kecerdasan emosi mereka.
Change Management and Employees' Satisfaction in the Nigerian Banking Sector
Authors: Oladimeji Sanjo Moruff , Hassan Banjo Ally , Eze Uchenna Benneth 
Published: January 2023

Change management is fast becoming a key strategy for driving business expansion, especially in the financial sector; hence, its importance for banks in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. This study examines the effect of change management on employees' satisfaction in Nigerian banking sector. The study recognized and employed two components of change management as used by various scholars and these two components are; change implementation and change communication.The study employed survey research design, by administering structured questionnaire on members of staff of some selected banks.Three hypotheses were formulated and the ordinary least square was employed in estimating the regression models with the aid of SPSS version 23. The findings revealed that change implementation and change communication both have positive and significant effect on employees' satisfaction in the banks. The combine effect of change management elements (change implementation and change communication) equally revealed a positive and significant effect on employees' satisfaction. The study further revealed that change management elements have a combined adjusted coefficient of 2 determination (adjusted R ) of 0.476, which suggest that 47.6% variation in employees' satisfaction is accounted for by the combined change management elements. The empirical findings of this study provide evidence that change management plays an important role in bank's employees' satisfaction in Nigeria. Therefore, it can be concluded that change management elements (change implementation and change communication) both have individual and combined positive and significant effect on employees' satisfaction in the selected banks.
Is International Humanitarian Law easy to be Implemented? A Concrete Debate on the Domestic Application of IHL in the context of Pakistan
Authors: Ghouri Zafar , Khan Rana 
Published: January 2023

Humanity principle are the core values of International Humanitarian Law. The codified law greatly expresses meaningful protection for the rights of women and children who suffer war hostilities, armed conflicts or other disaster. These groups according to definition of IHL and Municipal laws appear to be vulnerable. Indeed, there in no denying fact that during such crisis they become the subject of society due to vulnerability. Although in this regard Pakistan’s statutory laws have consolidated with IHL and Refugee Law and the central corpus of the laws have also reflected on 1973 constitution. However, the applicability seems to be difficult due to various challenges. The present article in this context aims to provide a critical evaluation of IHL under Asian values. Also, with the concrete debate, the article attempts to view the generalizability of IHL in the light of current scenarios.