bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists on cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia
Authors: Tang Shi , Li Shasha , Tang Jiyou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effects of benzodiazepine receptor agonists on cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia.MethodAccording to the history of taking hypnotic drugs, they were divided into no medication group (n = 62), benzodiazepines group (n = 57) and non‐benzodiazepines group (n = 53); all subjects The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale, the Epworth Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to evaluate their sleep quality, and the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale to evaluate their anxiety and depression. The conversion test, the auditory word learning test was used to evaluate the memory function, and the Stroop color word test and the connection function test were used to evaluate the executive function.ResultCompared with no medication, the non‐benzodiazepine group and the benzodiazepine group had longer sleep time throughout the night (P<0.05), and the non‐benzodiazepine group and the benzodiazepine group. The anxiety and depression scores of the drug group were lower than those of the non‐drug group (P<0.05), and the immediate memory and delayed memory scores of the benzodiazepine group and the non‐drug group were lower than those of the non‐benzodiazepine group (P<0.05). 0.05), the dose and duration of medication in the benzodiazepine group were negatively correlated with immediate memory (P<0.05), and the duration of medication in the benzodiazepine group was negatively correlated with prolonged memory (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the immediate memory score of taking benzodiazepines was 2.612 times lower than that of the non‐drug group, and the delayed memory score of taking non‐benzodiazepines was 1.439 times higher Regression analysis showed that the immediate memory score of taking benzodiazepines was 2.612 times lower than that of the non‐drug group, and the delayed memory score of taking non‐benzodiazepines was 1.439 times higher than that of the non‐drug group (P<0.05). The difference is statistically significant.ConclusionBenzodiazepines increase the risk of impaired immediate memory function in patients with chronic insomnia, and non‐benzodiazepines can improve their delayed memory function.
Novel unsupervised comprehensive tool for monitoring vascular cognitive impairment following stroke
Authors: Gruia Dragos , Combrie Sabia , Geranmayeh Fatemeh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cognitive difficulties occur in up to 86% of acute stroke cases (Demeyere et al., 2015) and persist in a third. Despite the numerous efforts made thus far, developing effective therapeutic interventions for vascular cognitive impairment remains a large unmet need (Zotin et al., 2021). This is in part due to the heterogeneity of the disease mechanisms, and cognitive profiles exhibited by patients. To better understand the range of factors that contribute to long‐term cognitive outcomes after vascular insult, there is a growing need for in‐depth longitudinal assessments of cognitive function that are scalable and cost‐efficient. To address this gap and to capitalise on the recent growth of telemedicine technology driven by the pandemic, we developed a self‐administered unsupervised, adaptable, and in‐depth online cognitive assessment tool specifically for patients with stroke.MethodThis self‐administered web‐based tool offers an in‐depth cognitive profiling through 23 tasks spanning both domain‐general (attention and executive functioning) and domain‐specific deficits (memory, language, visual neglect, number skills, apraxia), together with neuropsychiatric questionnaires. In total, the assessment lasts one hour and is compatible with a variety of devices and operating systems. In light of these specifications, the battery has been named IC3 (Imperial College Comprehensive assessment for Cerebrovascular disease; https://ic3study.co.uk/)ResultWe present results outlining the normative ranges for the assessment in age and education matched controls and in a modest sample of patients following stroke. Furthermore, we present an overview of our validation studies which examine the battery’s specificity and sensitivity, and test‐retest reliability. We also discuss a comparison against established clinical batteries (e.g. CAT and MoCA). Finally, as the assessment has been designed to be self‐administered remotely, we also present a validation against face‐to‐face supervised delivery of the battery.ConclusionIC3 is the first assessment to offer in‐depth unsupervised cognitive phenotyping of patients with vascular brain insult, while also allowing scalable and cost‐efficient longitudinal monitoring. The assessment fares well against various validation methods, making it an attractive tool for understanding the mechanisms of recovery in a plethora of vascular disorders.
Subjective and objective prospective memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: OBrien Tanner , Olmos Winter , Moreno Jasmin C , Saravia Sarah , Severson Ella , Hernandez Juan Pablo , Wright Matthew , Lent David D , Alving Loren , Woo Ellen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundProspective memory (PM) involves remembering to execute an intended action in the future, and it is an important skill that predicts everyday functioning in older adults. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit difficulties in PM. This study examined subject and caregiver reports of PM ability and their associations with objective PM.MethodParticipants included older healthy controls (n = 58), persons with MCI (n = 65), and individuals with AD (n = 18). The Prospective‐Retrospective Memory Questionnaire was used to assess self‐ and caregiver‐reports of participants’ PM skills. Objective abilities were measured using tests of “simple” and “complex” PM. Simple PM was defined as remembering to perform a single action in the future. Complex PM was defined as selecting the correct action based on the context.ResultRegression analyses revealed that caregiver‐reported PM predicted complex PM only in healthy controls. In contrast, self‐reported PM did not predict objective PM in any group.ConclusionThe results showed that self‐reports of PM are not good indicators of objective PM. While caregiver reports may be more accurate in relation to PM in healthy older adults, they do not align as well with objective PM for those with cognitive impairment. Overall, this research indicates that objective measures should be used to evaluate this important skill that contributes to everyday functioning.
A longitudinal 18F‐FDG PET study in asymptomatic stage of genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Chu Min , Chen Zhongyun , Xie Kexin , Liu Li , Cui Yue , Chen Kewei , Wu Liyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic prion protein may start to deposit in some brain regions and cause functional alterations in the asymptomatic stages in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease patients. However, the disease trajectory of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in the asymptomatic stage and when and where the degenerative process begins are still not clear.MethodsAt baseline, we enrolled five asymptomatic mutation carriers, six affected genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob diseasepatients, and 23 healthy controls from whom 18F fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography, clinical, and neuropsychological measures were acquired. Only five asymptomatic mutation carriers had completed longitudinal follow‐up. We set three‐time points to identify the changing trajectory in asymptomatic carriers group including baseline, 2‐year and 4‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, the cerebral glucose metabolic rate, measured as the standardized uptake value rate ratio, clinical and neuropsychological scales in all 5 asymptomatic cases were normal. In the 4‐years follow‐up, hypometabolic brain regions in asymptomatic genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease group were found in the insula, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes (false discovery rate corrected p<0.01). The standardized uptake value rate ratio changing trajectories of all asymptomatic cases were within the range between the healthy controls and affected patients. Notably, the metabolism values of one asymptomatic individual whose baseline age was older than the expected age of onset showed a rapid decline and approached the mean value of genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease condition at the last follow‐up.ConclusionOur study illustrates that neurodegenerative process associated with genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease may involve the insula, frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes before clinical presentation of the disease, and the decline will accelerate when close to the expected age of onset. Although there are no effective means to cure this fatal disease, the time interval before clinical disease onset may aid important trials or therapies intended to slow or halt the disease process.
Associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and brain regions of relevance for very early Alzheimer’s disease processes
Authors: Seidu Nazib M. , Kern Silke , Sacuiu Simona , Sterner Therese Rydberg , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Lindberg Olof , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric , Zettergren Anna , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe relation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and neurodegeneration and brain regions of relevance for very early pathological processes in AD is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate cross‐sectional associations between the CSF biomarkers amyloid‐β1‐42 (Aβ42), total‐tau (T‐tau), phosphorylated‐tau (P‐tau), neurogranin (Ng) and neurofilament light (NfL) protein and normalized intracranial volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex and basal forebrain observed on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in cognitively healthy 70‐year olds from the general population.MethodThe analyses included 226 cognitively normal individuals (clinical dementia rating of zero), examined during 2014‐2016 as part of the population‐based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden. The study participants had undergone lumbar puncture examination to extract CSF samples for biomarker measurements (pg/mL), MRI scan (volumes in mm³), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Linear regressions, adjusted for sex, were used to examine potential associations.ResultElevated CSF T‐tau, P‐tau, and Ng concentrations were associated with smaller volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex among individuals with amyloid pathology (p = 8×10−8 – 0.04) and among APOE ε4 carriers (p = 8×10−5 – 0.04). In addition, elevated CSF T‐tau, P‐tau, and Ng concentrations were associated with larger basal forebrain among individuals without pathological Aβ42 (p = 0.001 – 0.01) and among APOE ε4 non‐carriers (p = 0.004 – 0.02).ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that among cognitively normal adults who have amyloid pathology or genetic susceptibility to AD, there are associations between axonal degeneration, tangle pathology, and synapse loss and decreased volumes of AD vulnerable brain regions. The associations between elevated CSF biomarkers and larger basal forebrain in cognitively normal individuals were unexpected, but could possibly be explained by compensatory mechanisms or an inflammatory response (generating neuronal or glial swelling) as a very early reaction to the presence of increased levels of tau and Ng. Our findings highlight the clinical pathophysiological relevance of CSF biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration and how they relate to AD specific brain regions seen on structural MRI in 70‐year‐olds that may be at risk to develop dementia.
Higher allostatic load is associated with poorer structural integrity in the limbic network in cognitively unimpaired elderly
Authors: Palix Cassandre , Chocat Anne , Ferment Victor , Coulbaut Laurent , Felisatti Francesca , Haudry Sacha , Gonneaud Julie , Collette Fabienne , Mézenge Florence , Landeau Brigitte , la Sayette Vincent De , Vivien Denis , Chetelat Gael , Poisnel Géraldine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllostatic load (AL) is a cumulative measure of dysregulations across multiple physiological systems of the body occurring over time. AL was originally developed to explain how chronic stress damages physiologic systems and accelerates aging. Studies exploring the relationship between AL and brain health in older adults using a multimodal approach are limited. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of the brain substrates of AL in cognitively unimpaired elderly using complementary multimodal neuroimaging techniques.MethodBaseline data of 111 cognitively unimpaired older adults (mean age, 68.9years) from the Age‐Well study (NCT02977819) were included. They underwent multimodal neuroimaging (T1‐weighted and diffusion MRI, FDG‐PET and amyloid‐PET). A global measure of brain integrity was obtained for each modality by extracting the averaged signal across the whole gray matter (GM) or white matter (WM) for diffusion. AL was computed based on 19 markers of health. First, we examined the relationships between AL and sex or age. Second, we performed multiple regression and voxel‐wise analyses to predict AL from each neuroimaging modality and to highlight the brain regions involved. Finally, we conducted forward stepwise multiple regressions including the 19 AL‐components to determine the prognostic components of each of these associations; correcting for age, sex and education.ResultAL was associated with sex (men>women) but not with age. Higher AL was associated with lower global GM volume and WM mean diffusivity. Adjusting for alcohol consumption, smoking habits, treatments or comorbidities, these associations remained unchanged. Association with lower GM volume was found in the parahippocampus, hypothalamus, anterior insula and prefrontal gyrus and with WM diffusivity in the corona radiata and corpus callosum. Stepwise regressions revealed that these associations with GM volume and WM diffusivity were mainly explained by the body mass index (BMI) and waist‐hip‐ratio (WHR), respectively.ConclusionHigher AL is associated with poorer structural integrity in regions of the limbic network, which is implicated in memory, emotion and stress processes and known to be particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease. Our results further suggest that maintenance of a healthy weight (by monitoring BMI and WHR) might help to prevent AL increase, thus promoting brain health.
Circadian disturbances, risk for postoperative delirium and conversion to dementia
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Peng , Gao Chenglu , Zheng Xi , Ulsa Ma Cherrysse , Wong Patricia M , Rutter Martin K , Scheer Frank AJL , Johnson‐Akeju Oluwaseun , Hu Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is one of the most common complications in older adults after surgery. Circadian rest‐activity rhythms are known to be disrupted with age, and among individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), major risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD). However, the relationship between prior circadian rest‐activity rhythm measures and POD, and whether these measures can predict conversion from delirium to dementia has not been systematically assessed.Method64,852 UK biobank participants between 2013‐2015 (mean 57.9y [SD = 8.0], 54.0% female) were assessed with actigraphy for 7 days, followed by at least one surgical event requiring hospitalization during follow‐up until 2021. Four measures were extracted from actigraphy to quantify circadian rest‐activity rhythms, which were amplitude (representing the strength), acrophase (representing peak activity time), interdaily stability (IS), and intradaily variability (IV; representing the fragmentation) of 24‐h rhythm. Earliest occurrence of delirium and dementia were determined using ICD‐10 coding from hospitalization records, and POD was defined as delirium within 3 days of an operation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess whether circadian disturbances in these rhythms predicted increased risk for delirium including POD, and logistic regression for the risk of conversion from delirium to dementia within 5 years of the first delirium occurrence.ResultRisk for new POD during hospitalization (n = 249) was increased with lower amplitude (1 SD decrease, hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.49, p = 0.002), and higher intradaily variability (1 SD increase, 1.30, 1.12–1.51, p<0.001) after controlling for demographics, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular risk, and morbidity burden. These results were consistent when all new delirium cases during hospitalization (n = 500) were included. Within 5 years, 47 developed incident dementia. Every 1‐SD decrease in amplitude within a cohort of was associated with increased odds of incident dementia (odds ratio 1.44, 1.06‐1.96, p = 0.02) independent of age at first delirium and sex.ConclusionThese results indicate a link between circadian disturbances and risk for delirium, as well as conversion to incident dementia. This is novel evidence that circadian disturbances are part of the shared common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms between delirium and dementia that warrant further investigation.
Underrepresented minorities in US dementia clinical trials 2010‐2020: A systematic review
Authors: Neugroschl Judith A. , Sewell Margaret , Zhu Carolyn W , Dauray Adeleine , Melnick Jonah , Pomerantz Erin , Ryan Catherine , Walsh Samantha , Loizos Maria , Evans Kirsten , Meuser Caroline , Pun Kelly , Martin Jane , Sano Mary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThough Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk is higher among Blacks (13.8%) and Hispanics (12.2%) compared to non‐Hispanic whites (10.3%), diverse groups are underrepresented in randomized control trials for dementia. This systematic review examined reports of race/ethnicity in RCTsfrom 2010‐2020 and included pharmacological, nutraceutical, nutritional, TMS or other CNS interventions for AD.MethodA comprehensive search was executed in MEDLINE/Embase of published RCTs on MCI/AD participants from 2010‐2020. Using Covidence software, study selection was conducted independently by 10 trained reviewers. Two reviewers independently screened each article for inclusion, abstracted data. Conflicts were resolved by senior authors. 3,281 articles were reviewed, 515 assessed for eligibility, with data extraction conducted on 148; data presented focused on 85 studies conducted in the U.S. Average number and proportion of participants in studies that reported each race/ethnic group were computed.Result49/85 (58%) studies reported race/ethnicity in some way: 15 reported race and ethnicity as separate variables, 10 reported race/ethnicity as one variable (i.e., non‐Hispanic Black), 15 did not specify if race and ethnicity were separate variables, and 11 only reported the % of Whites. Of the 49 studies that reported any race/ethnicity information, all 49 reported the number of White participants, who on average constituted 85.4% (range 30‐100%) of study samples. In the 35 studies that mentioned Blacks, Blacks constituted an average of 8.6% (range 0‐33%) of study samples. In the 16 studies that mentioned Asians, the mean was 6.7% (range 0‐47%). Only 3 studies mentioned Native Americans, representing 1% (range .8‐1.4%) of study samples. 28 studies reported Latinx’s: they accounted for a mean of 13.4% of the samples (range 0‐92%).ConclusionDespite efforts to improve diverse recruitment, just over half of studies conducted in the U.S. reported race/ethnicity at all, and those that did frequently presented data in a manner that is difficult to interpret (e.g., only % of Whites). Underrepresented minorities continue to be grossly underrepresented and/or underreported in dementia clinical trials.
Early detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using MRI images and deep learning techniques
Authors: Nagarathna C R , Kusuma M M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disease that diminishes the capability of individuals to perform their daily activities. It is an irreversible disease once it is started not able to stop it but early detection of the disease can help to slow down the progression of it by starting early treatment. In this experiment, we use MRI images and clinical study data available at the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set to detect the different stages of Alzheimer’s and forecast the duration required for the conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s. The clinical signs of Alzheimer’s disease are portrayed by Age, patient education details, the progression rate of disease, and cognitive information. Done experiment by using Machine learning and Deep learning techniques like multi perceptron networks, Random forest, SVM, and decision tree classifiers to do binary and multi‐classification of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD), Late Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Early cognitive impairment (EMCI), and Cognitive control(CN).MethodDeep learning techniqueResultan average the model achieved 91.25% of precision indicates 91.25% total positive images are correctly classified, 91.25% of sensitivity indicates 91.25% of total images are detected remaining are not, and achieved 95.52% of accuracyConclusionAlzheimer’s is a neuron degenerative disease. Currently no treatment is available to cure AD or to stop progress of disease. But detection of dementia at its early stage might help individual family to think about their future regarding financial issues. In this work we tried our best to categorize the different phases of AD. We used a deep neural network and achieved an accuracy of 95.52%.