bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-based features in machine learning to identify delivery errors and predict error magnitude for patient-specific IMRT quality assurance
Authors: Huang Ying , Pi Yifei , Ma Kui , Miao Xiaojuan , Fu Sichao , Chen Hua , Wang Hao , Gu Hengle , Shao Yan , Duan Yanhua , Feng Aihui , Zhuo Weihai , Xu Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify delivery error type and predict associated error magnitude by image-based features using machine learning (ML).

Methods
In this study, a total of 40 thoracic plans (including 208 beams) were selected, and four error types with different magnitudes were introduced into the original plans, including 1) collimator misalignment (COLL), 2) monitor unit (MU) variation, 3) systematic multileaf collimator misalignment (MLCS), and 4) random MLC misalignment (MLCR). These dose distributions of portal dose predictions for the original plans were defined as the reference dose distributions (RDD), while those for the error-introduced plans were defined as the error-introduced dose distributions (EDD). Both distributions were calculated for all beams with portal dose image prediction (PDIP). Besides, 14 image-based features were extracted from RDD and EDD of portal dose predictions to obtain the feature vectors. In addition, a random forest was adopted for the multiclass classification task, and regression prediction for error magnitude.

Results
The top five features extracted with the highest weight included 1) the relative displacement in the x direction, 2) the ratio of the absolute minimum residual error to the maximal RDD value, 3) the product of the maximum and minimum residuals, 4) the ratio of the absolute maximum residual error to the maximal RDD value, and 5) the ratio of the absolute mean residual value to the maximal RDD value. The relative displacement in the x direction had the highest weight. The overall accuracy of the five-class classification model was 99.85% for the validation set and 99.30% for the testing set. This model could be applied to the classification of the error-free plan, COLL, MU, MLCS, and MLCR with an accuracy of 100%, 98.4%, 99.9%, 98.0%, and 98.3%, respectively. MLCR had the worst performance in error magnitude prediction (70.1–96.6%), while others had better performance in error magnitude prediction (higher than 93%). In the error magnitude prediction, the mean absolute error (MAE) between predicted error magnitude and actual error ranged from 0.03 to 0.33, with the root mean squared error (RMSE) varying from 0.17 to 0.56 for the validation set. The MAE and RMSE ranged from 0.03 to 0.50 and 0.44 to 0.59 for the test set, respectively.

Conclusion
It could be demonstrated in this study that the image-based features extracted from RDD and EDD can be employed to identify different types of delivery errors and accurately predict error magnitude with the assistance of ML techniques. They can be used to associate traditional gamma analysis with clinically based analysis for error classification and magnitude prediction in patient-specific IMRT quality assurance.
Der schwer verletzte ältere Fahrradfahrer – Auswertung des TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Fuchs Konrad , Backhaus Roman , Jordan Martin C. , Lefering Rolf , Meffert Rainer H. , Gilbert Fabian ,   das TraumaRegister DGU
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Entgegen dem Trend sinkender Verkehrstoter nimmt die Zahl der getöteten Fahrradfahrer in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren kontinuierlich zu. Mit zunehmender Popularität des Fahrradfahrens in allen Altersklassen erhöht sich die Anzahl an Unfällen mit z. T. schweren Verletzungen. Im Zuge dessen stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss das Alter auf die Art und Schwere der Verletzungen, die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit und die Krankenhausverweildauer bei schwer verletzten Fahrradfahrern hat.

Methoden
Es wurde eine retrospektive Auswertung der Daten des TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) der Jahre 2010–2019 durchgeführt. Alle schwer verletzten Fahrradfahrer mit einem maximalem MAIS von 3 (Abbreviated Injury Scale) von 3+ (n = 14.651) im TR-DGU wurden in diese Studie eingeschlossen und die vorliegenden Parameter ausgewertet. Es erfolgte eine Unterteilung in 3 Altersgruppen (60 bis 69, 70 bis 79 und ≥ 80 Jahre) und eine Kontrollgruppe (20 bis 59 Jahre).

Ergebnisse
Verletzungen des Schädels traten mit 64,2 % mit Abstand am häufigsten auf. Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Zunahme der schweren Kopfverletzungen in der Gruppe der über 60-Jährigen. Mit steigendem Alter nahmen des Weiteren die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer präklinischen Intubation, die Katecholaminpflichtigkeit, die Intensiv- und Krankenhausverweildauer sowie die Sterblichkeit zu.

Schlussfolgerung
Kopfverletzungen stellen die häufigste schwere Verletzung, insbesondere bei älteren Fahrradfahrern, dar. Da das Helmtragen im TraumaRegister DGU® im Auswertungszeitraum nicht erfasst wurde, kann auf dessen Effekt kein Rückschluss gezogen werden. Ein höheres Alter korreliert des Weiteren mit einer längeren Krankenhausverweildauer und einer höheren Sterblichkeit, stellt jedoch keinen unabhängigen Risikofaktor zum Versterben bei einem schwer verletzten Patienten dar.

Graphic abstract
Equal sums in random sets and the concentration of divisors
Authors: Ford Kevin , Green Ben , Koukoulopoulos Dimitris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the extent to which divisors of a typical integer n are concentrated. In particular, defining $$\Delta (n) := \max _t \# \{d | n, \log d \in [t,t+1]\}$$

Δ

(
n
)

:
=

max
t

#

{
d
|
n
,
log
d
∈

[
t
,
t
+
1
]

}

, we show that $$\Delta (n) \geqslant (\log \log n)^{0.35332277\ldots }$$

Δ

(
n
)

⩾

(
log
log
n
)

0.35332277
…

for almost all n, a bound we believe to be sharp. This disproves a conjecture of Maier and Tenenbaum. We also prove analogs for the concentration of divisors of a random permutation and of a random polynomial over a finite field. Most of the paper is devoted to a study of the following much more combinatorial problem of independent interest. Pick a random set $${\textbf{A}} \subset {\mathbb {N}}$$

A
⊂
N

by selecting i to lie in $${\textbf{A}}$$
A
with probability 1/i. What is the supremum of all exponents $$\beta _k$$

β
k

such that, almost surely as $$D \rightarrow \infty $$

D
→
∞

, some integer is the sum of elements of $${\textbf{A}} \cap [D^{\beta _k}, D]$$

A
∩
[

D

β
k

,
D
]

in k different ways? We characterise $$\beta _k$$

β
k

as the solution to a certain optimisation problem over measures on the discrete cube $$\{0,1\}^k$$

{
0
,
1
}

k

, and obtain lower bounds for $$\beta _k$$

β
k

which we believe to be asymptotically sharp.
Operative Trauma Courses: A Scoping Review to Inform the Development of a Trauma Surgery Course for Low‐Resource Settings
Authors: Wild Hannah , Marfo Chris , Mock Charles , Gaarder Tina , Gyedu Adam , Wallis Lee , Makasa Emmanuel , Hagander Lars , Reynolds Teri , Hardcastle Timothy , Jewell Teresa , Stewart Barclay 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA multitude of operative trauma courses exist, most of which are designed for and conducted in high‐resource settings. There are numerous barriers to adapting such courses to low‐ and low‐middle‐income countries (LMICs), including resource constraints and contextual variations in trauma care. Approaches to implementing operative trauma courses in LMICs have not been evaluated in a structured manner.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of the literature including databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE), grey literature repositories, and structured queries of publicly available course materials to identify records that described operative trauma courses offered since 2000.ResultsThe search identified 3,518 non‐duplicative records, of which 48 relevant reports were included in analysis. These reports represented 23 named and 11 unnamed operative trauma courses offered in 12 countries. Variability existed in course format and resource requirements, ranging from USD 40 to 3,000 per participant. Courses incorporated didactic and laboratory components, which utilized simulations, cadavers, or live animals. Course content overlapped significantly but was not standardized. Data were lacking on course implementation and promulgation, credentialing of instructors, and standardized evaluation metrics.ConclusionsWhile many operative trauma courses have been described, most are not directly relatable to LMICs. Barriers include cost‐prohibitive fees, lack of resources, limited data collection, and contextual variability that renders certain surgical care inappropriate in LMICs. Gaps exist in standardization of course content as well as transparency of credentialing and course implementation strategies. These issues can be addressed through developing an open‐access operative trauma course for low‐resource settings.
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: frequency and long-term outcome in Western Australia
Authors: Nossent Johannes C. , Kelty Erin , Keen Helen , Preen David , Inderjeeth Charles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (S-JIA) is a rare but potentially life threatening autoinflammatory condition of childhood. Given the limited data on S-JIA from the Australasian region, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics and long-term disease outcome in S-JIA. All hospitalised patients under the age of 16 years registered with ICD-10-AM code M08.2 in in the period 1999–2014 were identified in longitudinally linked administrative health data across all Western Australian (WA) hospitals. Incidence and point prevalence estimate were per 100,000 population with Poisson regression to analyse the incidence trend. Readmissions with S-JIA as primary diagnosis were considered flares with rates for flare and other complication reported per 100 person years with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Annual S-JIA incidence was 0.61/100,000 (CI 0.28–1.25) (46 incident cases, 71.7% girls, median age 6.5 years) and stable over time as S-JIA point prevalence reached 7.15/100,000 (CI 5.29–7.45) at the end of study. Most incident cases were diagnosed in winter and spring, but documented preceding infections were rare. During a median follow-up of 8 years, disease flares occurred in 24% of patients with higher flares rate in boys (58.3; CI 44.5–74.9) than girls (14.7; CI 9.9–20.9). No deaths occurred and arthroplasty was the main, but uncommon S-JIA complication (4%). However, readmission (86.3; CI 76.4–97.2) and ED visit (73.3; CI 64.2–83.4) rates for illnesses other than S-JIA were substantial. S-JIA is as rare in WA as in other regions and while s-JIA incurred no deaths in the era of biologics, it associated with a significant long-term burden of (co-) morbidity.
An equivalence theorem for design optimality with respect to a multi-objective criterion
Authors: Tommasi Chiara , Rodríguez-Díaz Juan M. , López-Fidalgo Jesús F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaxi-min efficiency criteria are a kind of multi-objective criteria, since they enable us to take into consideration several tasks expressed by different component-wise criteria. However, they are difficult to manage because of their lack of differentiability. As a consequence, maxi-min efficiency designs are frequently built through heuristic and ad hoc algorithms, without the possibility of checking for their optimality. The main contribution of this study is to prove that the maxi-min efficiency optimality is equivalent to a Bayesian criterion, which is differentiable. In addition, we provide an analytic method to find the prior probability associated with a maxi-min efficient design, making feasible the application of the equivalence theorem. Two illustrative examples show how the proposed theory works.
Rhinologic outcome of endoscopic transnasal-transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: an institutional series, systematic review, and meta-analysis
Authors: Gstrein Nathalie A. , Zwicky Sebastian , Serra Carlo , Hugelshofer Michael , Regli Luca , Soyka Michael B. , Holzmann David , Meerwein Christian M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to summarize the available data on the objective rhinologic outcome after endoscopic transnasal-transsphenoidal (ETT) surgery.

Methods
Retrospective study on a consecutive cohort of treatment-naïve patients undergoing ETT pituitary gland surgery. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis with focus on the rhinologic outcome, including postoperative smell function was performed.

Results
The institutional series incorporated 168 patients. A concomitant endoscopic septoplasty was performed in 29/168 patients (17.3%). A nasoseptal flap was used for reconstruction of large skull-base defects or high-flow CSF leaks in 4/168 (2.4%) patients. Early postoperative rhinologic complications (< 4 weeks) included epistaxis (3%), acute rhinosinusitis (1.2%) and late postoperative complications (≥ 8 weeks) comprised prolonged crusting (15.6%), symptomatic synechiae (11.9%) and septal perforation (0.6%). Postoperative smell function was not impaired (Fisher’s exact test, p = 1.0). The systematic review included 19 studies on 1533 patients with a median postoperative epistaxis rate of 1.4% (IQR 1.0–2.2), a postoperative acute rhinosinusitis rate of 2.3% (IQR 2.1–3.0), a postoperative synechiae rate of 7.5% (IQR 1.8–19.1) and a postoperative septal perforation rate of 2.2% (IQR 0.5–5.4). Seven studies including a total of 206 patients reported adequate outcome measures for smell function before and after ETT surgery. Only 2/7 studies reported an impairment of smell function postoperatively, especially in patients with nasoseptal flap harvesting.

Conclusion
Early and late postoperative rhinologic complication rates after ETT surgery for pituitary lesions seem to be low. A thorough evaluation of smell function, in particular in patients at risk for nasoseptal flap harvesting, may be an important factor in optimal postoperative care.
The comparison of short-term outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy
Authors: Song Yang , Zhang Qianshi , Feng Zhen , Wang Bo , Ren Shuangyi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The study’s objectives were to compare the short-term outcomes of robotic radical distal gastrectomy (RDG) with laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy (LDG) for patients with gastric cancer and investigate the learning curve of RDG.

Methods
The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method was used to retrospectively analyze consecutive gastric cancer patients undergoing RDG between January 2019 and October 2021. The duration of surgery, clinical-pathological characteristics, and short-term outcomes were evaluated according to the two phases of the learning curve (learning period versus mastery period). We also compared the clinical-pathological characteristics and short-term outcomes between cases in the mastery period and LDG.

Results
Data from 290 patients were included in this analysis, 135 RDG and 155 LDG cases. The learning period was 20 cases. There were no significant differences in clinical-pathological characteristics between the learning period and mastery period. Compared with the learning period, the mastery period had a significant reduction in total operation time, docking time, pure operation time, and estimated blood loss, and a significant increase in hospital costs (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.003, and 0.026, respectively). Compared with LDG, robotic cases in mastery period had a longer operative time, shorter first postoperative flatus time, and more hospital costs (P=0.000, 0.005, and 0.000, respectively).

Conclusions
RGD may fasten to recover gastrointestinal function faster after the operation, can be mastered easily after a reasonable number of cases, and was associated with safe and satisfactory short-term outcomes before and after the learning curve.
Feasibility and safety of robotic surgery for low rectal cancer combined with transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors: Ando Masayuki , Matsuda Takeru , Sawada Ryuichiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Yamashita Kimihiro , Harada Hitoshi , Urakawa Naoki , Goto Hironobu , Kanaji Shingo , Oshikiri Taro , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Laparoscopic surgery for low rectal cancer is often challenging. Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) and robotic surgery have been introduced to overcome the technical difficulties in laparoscopic surgery and achieve more favorable outcomes. Hybrid robotic surgery, which combines TaTME with the abdominal robotic approach, incorporates the advantages of each of these surgical techniques and might achieve less invasive and safer surgery. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of hybrid robotic surgery with TaTME (hybrid TaTME).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 162 TaTME cases performed at our department from September 2016 to May 2022. Among them, 92 cases of conventional TaTME and 30 of hybrid TaTME were eligible. We used propensity score matching analysis (PSM) to adjust for patients’ characteristics and compared the short-term outcomes of the two treatment groups.

Results
Twenty-seven cases in each group were extracted using PSM. The operation time in hybrid TaTME was comparable to that in conventional TaTME. There was no significant difference in the postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Other intra- and post-operative outcomes were also comparable between the two groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the curative resection and recurrence rates.

Conclusion
Hybrid TaTME for low rectal cancer was as favorable as conventional TaTME in producing satisfactory short-term outcomes. However, furthermore, larger-scale studies conducted over longer study periods are needed to evaluate the validity of the findings.
Optimierung einer Siebanlage mittels Mehrkörpersimulation – Status quo und Ausblick
Authors: Falkner Philipp , Fimbinger Eric , Flachberger Helmut 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Simulation, vor allem die Mehrkörpersimulation, ist ein Werkzeug, welches im Zuge dieses Beitrags herangezogen wird, um das Systemverständnis einer fremderregten Siebanlage zu verbessern und deren Entwicklung voranzutreiben. Im Fokus steht hierbei das patentierte Vorsieb Active Grid® der Firma RUBBLE MASTER, welches als Teil einer Siebanlage messtechnisch hinsichtlich des Schwingungsverhaltens untersucht wird. Die Parameter der Feder-Dämpfer-Elemente dieser Siebanlage erfolgt anschließend mittels Mehrkörpersimulation, was die Grundlage für den Aufbau partikelbeaufschlagter Simulationsmodelle bildet. Die somit gebildeten numerischen Modelle dienen schlussendlich der Optimierung des Active Grid®, speziell zur Ermittlung von Federsteifigkeiten und Dämpfungen der Feder-Dämpfer-Elemente des Vorsiebes, um eine optimale Siebwirkung zu erhalten, wofür entsprechend eine Co-Simulation zwischen Mehrkörper- und Partikelsimulation angestrebt wird. Ziel ist es, ein skalierbares Modell zu entwickeln.
Investigation of permanent magnet synchronous machines with buried magnets and carbon fiber sleeve for automotive application
Authors: Clauer Maximilian , Binder Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the limited space available in vehicles, traction drives with high torque densities are a key objective of machine design in the automotive sector. In order to be able to dispense with a multispeed transmission and still achieve high vehicle end speeds, there is also the design objective of a high motor speed. Therefore, permanent magnet synchronous machines with buried magnets are preferred. In the following, a rotor concept is presented as a combination of buried rotor magnets and a carbon fiber sleeve in order to eliminate the radial and tangential rotor iron ribs. The resulting reduction in magnetic flux leakage, in combination with high mechanical strength, leads to an increased magnet utilization for the air-gap field and, thus, allows for a high torque density as well as high maximum speed. A disadvantage, however, is the increased manufacturing effort required for the production and assembly of the carbon fiber sleeve.
The roles of the dietitian in an 18-week telephone and mobile application nutrition intervention for upper gastrointestinal cancer: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Testa Sharni , Furness Kate , Choi Tammie , Haines Terry , Huggins Catherine E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the patient-dietitian experience during an 18-week nutrition counselling intervention delivered using the telephone and a mobile application to people newly diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer to (1) elucidate the roles of the dietitian during intervention delivery and (2) explore unmet needs impacting nutritional intake.

Methods
Qualitative case study methodology was followed, whereby the case was the 18-week nutrition counselling intervention. Dietary counselling conversations and post-intervention interviews were inductively coded from six case participants which included fifty-one telephone conversations (17 h), 244 written messages, and four interviews. Data were coded inductively, and themes constructed. The coding framework was subsequently applied to all post-study interviews (n = 20) to explore unmet needs.

Results
Themes describing the roles of the dietitian were as follows: regular collaborative problem-solving to encourage empowerment, a reassuring care navigator including anticipatory guidance, and rapport building via psychosocial support. Psychosocial support included provision of empathy, reliable care provision, and delivery of positive perspective. Despite intensive counselling from the dietitian, nutrition impact symptom management was a core unmet need as it required intervention beyond the scope of practice for the dietitian.

Conclusion
Delivery of nutrition care via the telephone or an asynchronous mobile application to people with newly diagnosed UGI cancer required the dietitian to adopt a range of roles to influence nutritional intake: they empower people, act as care navigators, and provide psychosocial support. Limitations in dietitians’ scope of practice identified unmet patient’s needs in nutrition impact symptom management, which requires medication management.

Trial registration
27th January 2017 Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617000152325).
Linear iterative feature embedding: an ensemble framework for an interpretable model
Authors: Sudjianto Agus , Qiu Jinwen , Li Miaoqi , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new ensemble framework for an interpretable model called linear iterative feature embedding (LIFE) has been developed to achieve high prediction accuracy, easy interpretation, and efficient computation simultaneously. The LIFE algorithm is able to fit a wide single-hidden-layer neural network (NN) accurately with three steps: defining the subsets of a dataset by the linear projections of neural nodes, creating the features from multiple narrow single-hidden-layer NNs trained on the different subsets of the data, combining the features with a linear model. The theoretical rationale behind LIFE is also provided by the connection to the loss ambiguity decomposition of stack ensemble methods. Both simulation and empirical experiments confirm that LIFE consistently outperforms directly trained single-hidden-layer NNs and also outperforms many other benchmark models, including multilayers feed forward neural network (FFNN), Xgboost, and random forest (RF) in many experiments. As a wide single-hidden-layer NN, LIFE is intrinsically interpretable. Meanwhile, both variable importance and global main and interaction effects can be easily created and visualized. In addition, the parallel nature of the base learner building makes LIFE computationally efficient by leveraging parallel computing.