A33 EFFECTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION PROBIOTIC, AKKERMANSIA MUCINIPHILA, ON INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AND BARRIER FUNCTION
Authors: Grondin J , Wang H , Haq S , Kwon Y H , MacNeil L , Surette M , Khan W 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation, is hypothesised to arise from the interplay between susceptibility genes, the immune system, environmental factors, and gut microbiota. Akkermansia muciniphila is a symbiotic bacterium that accounts for 1-5% of the human fecal microbiota. This microbe has been hailed as a next-generation probiotic, principally with regard to its plethora of beneficial host interactions, including the ability to influence mucin secretion and strengthen the intestinal barrier.

Purpose
Though a clear-cut role and mechanism by which A. muciniphila influences inflammatory conditions is unknown, evidence indicates this microbe is depleted in IBD, suggesting it may have protective effects that are lost in these conditions. Here, we investigate the role and mechanism of A. muciniphila in intestinal inflammation and its influence on intestinal barrier function by utilizing barrier-disrupting models of colitis.

Method
Across several experimental models of intestinal inflammation including the chemically-induced dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model, the parasitic-based model of Trichuris muris infection, and the spontaneous Muc2-/- model, A.muciniphila was administered by oral gavage. Disease activity index, macroscopic scoring and histological scoring were all performed to assess the severity of intestinal inflammation. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed within colonic tissue using commercially available ELISA kits.To investigate the effects that A. muciniphila has on barrier function in the context of colitis, reverse transcriptase qPCR was used to explore several factors, including several TJPs, AMPs, and mucins. To analyse the composition of the microbiota and changes in diversity with A. muciniphila supplementation, 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed.

Result(s)
Though only minor benefits were derived from this microbe in germ-free mice, in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila in a DSS recovery model ameliorated inflammation severity and promoted recovery compared to controls. When gavaged prior to DSS administration, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila failed to diminish inflammatory markers indicating minimal preventative effects. T. muris-infected SPF mice treated with live A. muciniphila showed increased levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased worm burden, and enhanced levels of the mucin, Muc5ac, compared with those receiving control broth or pasteurized bacteria. Further, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila ameliorated the severity of inflammation in a mucin 2 deficient (Muc2-/-) mouse model of spontaneous colitis, indicating that these protective effects are Muc2-independent.

Conclusion(s)
These observations provide us not only with an enhanced understanding of the role A. muciniphila plays in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory conditions but also may fuel novel avenues of treatment for those with IBD.

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CIHR

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared