bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free and Skin‐Like Supramolecular Ion‐Conductive Elastomers with Versatile Processability for Multifunctional Ionic Tattoos and On‐Skin Bioelectronics
Authors: Niu Wenwen , Tian Qiong , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Xiaokong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of stable and biocompatible soft ionic conductors, alternatives to hydrogels and ionogels, will open up new avenues for the construction of stretchable electronics. Here, a brand‐new design, encapsulating a naturally occurring ionizable compound by a biocompatible polymer via high‐density hydrogen bonds, resulting in a solvent‐free supramolecular ion‐conductive elastomer (SF‐supra‐ICE) that eliminates the dehydration problem of hydrogels and possesses excellent biocompatibility, is reported. The SF‐supra‐ICE with high ionic conductivity (>3.3 × 10−2 S m−1) exhibits skin‐like softness and strain‐stiffening behaviors, excellent elasticity, breathability, and self‐adhesiveness. Importantly, the SF‐supra‐ICE can be obtained by a simple water evaporation step to solidify the aqueous precursor into a solvent‐free nature. Therefore, the aqueous precursor can act as inks to be painted and printed into customized ionic tattoos (I‐tattoos) for the construction of multifunctional on‐skin bioelectronics. The painted I‐tattoos exhibit ultraconformal and seamless contact with human skin, enabling long‐term and high‐fidelity recording of various electrophysiological signals with extraordinary immunity to motion artifacts. Human–machine interactions are achieved by exploiting the painted I‐tattoos to transmit the electrophysiological signals of human beings. Stretchable I‐tattoo electrode arrays, manufactured by the printing method, are demonstrated for multichannel digital diagnosis of the health condition of human back muscles and spine.
Bench‐Stable Electrophilic Reagents for the Direct Di‐ and Trifluoroethylthiolation of Indoles
Authors: Casasús Paula , Mestre Jordi , Bernús Miguel , Castillón Sergio , Boutureira Omar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo saccharine‐based electrophilic reagents were developed for the direct introduction of SCH2CF3 and SCH2CF2H motifs via a C−S bond forming reaction. Their large‐scale preparation and reactivity performance has been carefully examined, enabling access to a series of indoles through open‐flask reactions. Sulfone and sulfoxide analogs (S(O)nCH2RF, n=1,2) are also accessible by sequential oxidation reactions.
Cycling Stability of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Fe–Ti‐Doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes, Graphite Anodes, and the Cathode‐Additive Li3PO4
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Müller Marcus , Bergfeldt Thomas , Binder Joachim R. , Hofmann Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the improved cycling stability of Li‐ion batteries based on Fe–Ti‐doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) high‐voltage cathode active material and graphite anodes. By using 1 wt% Li3PO4 as cathode additive, over 90% capacity retention for 1000 charge–discharge cycles and remaining capacities of 109 mAh g−1 are reached in a cell with an areal capacity of 2.3 mAh cm−2 (potential range: 3.5–4.9 V). Cells without the additive, in contrast, suffer from accelerated capacity loss and increase polarization, resulting in capacity retention of only 78% over 1000 cycles. An electrolyte consisting of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and LiPF6 is used without additional additives. The significantly improved cycling stability of the full cells is mainly due to two factors, namely, the low MnIII content of the Fe–Ti‐doped LNMO active material and the use of the cathode‐additive Li3PO4. Crystalline Li3PO4 yields a drastic reduction of transition metal deposition on the graphite anode and prevents Li loss and the propagation of cell polarization. Li3PO4 is added to the cathode slurry that makes it a very simple and scalable process, first reported herein. The positive effects of crystalline Li3PO4 as electrode additive, however, should apply to other cell chemistries as well.
A Hexafluorophosphate‐Based Ionic Liquid as Multifunctional Interfacial Layer between High Voltage Positive Electrode and Solid‐State Electrolyte for Sodium Secondary Batteries
Authors: Wang Di , Takiyama Masaya , Hwang Jinkwang , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSodium secondary batteries have gained accolades as future energy storage devices due to their low costs and environmental benignity, but are heavily impeded by the poor anodic stabilities of most electrolytes, including solid‐state electrolytes (SSE), that render them incompatible with high‐voltage positive materials. This study reports, for the first time, a new synthesis technique using a fluorohydrogenate ionic liquid (IL)precursor to prepare a [DEME][PF6] ([DEME]+: N,N‐diethyl‐N‐methyl‐N‐(2‐methoxyethyl) ammonium) with high yield and high purity. Herein, a Na[PF6]‐[DEME][PF6] IL is formulated and subjected to a series of electrochemical tests to validate its performance in battery applications. The present IL harbors a strong oxidative stability (up to 5.2 V on Pt and >4.5 V on conductive carbon electrodes) that aids in the suppression of oxidative decompositions of one typical SSE, for example, beta alumina solid electrolyte (BASE), thereby extending their electrochemical window in hybrid SSE systems. A hybrid solid‐state Na secondary battery employing a high voltage positive electrode, Na3V2(PO4)2F3, is assembled using the BASE/IL configuration, and features energy density and superior cycling performance. This work demonstrates that sandwiching an SSE between the oxidatively stable [PF6]− IL can be an effective design for high voltage operation Na secondary batteries.
Just‐in‐time procedural training for pediatric emergency medicine trainees: A randomized educational interventional trial
Authors: McKay Jheanelle , Wasserman Mollie , Monuteaux Michael C. , Hirsch Alexander W. , Nagler Joshua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric requirements include procedural skills training such as peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter placement and bag–mask ventilation (BMV). Clinical experiences may be limited and temporally remote from scheduled teaching. Just‐in‐time (JIT) training prior to utilization can promote skill development and mitigate learning decay. Our objective was to assess the impact of JIT training on pediatric residents’ procedural performance, knowledge, and confidence with PIV placement and BMV.MethodsResidents received standardized baseline training in both PIV placement and BMV during scheduled educational programming. Between 3 and 6 months later, participants were randomized and received JIT training for either PIV placement or BMV. JIT training included a brief video and coached practice, totaling <5 min. Each participant was videotaped performing both procedures on skills trainers. Blinded investigators scored performance using skills checklists. Pre‐ and postintervention knowledge was assessed using multiple‐choice and short‐answer items, and confidence was reported using Likert scores.ResultsSeventy‐two residents completed baseline training sessions: 36 were randomized to receive JIT training for PIV and 36 for BMV. Thirty‐five residents in each cohort completed the curriculum. There were no significant differences between the cohorts with regard to demographics, baseline knowledge, or prior simulation experience. JIT training was associated with improved procedural performance for PIV (median 87% vs. 70%, p < 0.001) and for BMV (mean 83% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Results remained significant after using regression models to adjust for differences in prior clinical experience. Improvements in knowledge or confidence were not associated with JIT training in either cohort.ConclusionsJIT training resulted in a significant improvement in resident procedural performance with PIV placement and BMV in a simulated environment. There were no differences in outcome with regard to knowledge or confidence. Future work might explore how the demonstrated benefit translates into the clinical setting.
External validation of the ultrasound competency assessment tool
Authors: Russell Frances M. , Herbert Audrey , Kennedy Sarah , Nti Benjamin , Powell Mollie , Davis Jean , Ferre Robinson 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is a core component of emergency medicine (EM) residency training. No standardized competency‐based tool has gained widespread acceptance. The ultrasound competency assessment tool (UCAT) was recently derived and validated. We sought to externally validate the UCAT in a 3‐year EM residency program.MethodsThis was a convenience sample of PGY‐1 to ‐3 residents. Utilizing the UCAT and an entrustment scale, as described in the original study, six different evaluators split into two groups graded residents in a simulated scenario involving a patient with blunt trauma and hypotension. Residents were asked to perform and interpret a focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) examination and apply the findings to the simulated scenario. Demographics, prior POCUS experience, and self‐assessed competency were collected. Each resident was evaluated simultaneously by three different evaluators with advanced ultrasound training utilizing the UCAT and entrustment scales. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between evaluators was calculated for each assessment domain; analysis of variance was used to compare UCAT performance and PGY level and prior POCUS experience.ResultsThirty‐two residents (14 PGY‐1, nine PGY‐2, and nine PGY‐3) completed the study. Overall, ICC was 0.9 for preparation, 0.57 for image acquisition, 0.3 for image optimization, and 0.46 for clinical integration. There was moderate correlation between number of FAST examinations performed and entrustment and UCAT composite scores. There was poor correlation between self‐reported confidence and entrustment and UCAT composite scores.ConclusionsWe had mixed results in our attempt to externally validate the UCAT with poor correlation between faculty and moderate to good correlation with faculty to diagnostic sonographer. More work is needed to validate the UCAT before adoption.
Multistage stochastic programming for the closed‐loop supply chain planning with mobile modules under uncertainty
Authors: Ge Congqin , Zhang Lifeng , Yang Wenhui , Yuan Zhihong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional supply chains usually follow fixed facility designs which coincide with the strategic nature of supply chain management (SCM). However, as the global market turns more volatile, the concept of mobile modularization has been adopted by increasingly more industrial practitioners. In mobile modular networks, modular units can be installed or removed at a particular site to expand or reduce the capacity of a facility, or relocated to other sites to tackle market volatility. In this work, we formulate a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model for the closed‐loop supply chain network planning with modular distribution and collection facilities. To further deal with uncertain customer demands and recovery rates, we extend our model to a multistage stochastic programming model and efficiently solve it using a tailored stochastic dynamic dual integer programming (SDDiP) with Magnanti‐Wong enhanced cuts. Computational experiments show that the added Magnanti‐Wong cuts in the proposed algorithm can effectively close the gap between upper and lower bounds, and the benefit of mobile modules is evident when the temporal and spatial variability of customer demand is high.
Introducing trace Co to molybdenum carbide catalyst for efficient ammonia synthesis
Authors: Fang Biyun , Zhang Chuanfeng , Yang Miaodi , Li Jiahui , Li Chunyan , Ni Jun , Lin Jianxin , Lin Bingyu , Jiang Lilong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDevelopment of the cost‐effective catalysts with excellent catalytic performance is highly demanded for ammonia synthesis, and the strong adsorption of ammonia greatly hinders the design of cost‐effective and high‐performance ammonia synthesis catalysts. Herein, we report that the addition of a small amount of Co species (0.1 wt%) into Mo2C catalyst, which can provide electrons to Mo2C, not only leads to improvement of the adsorption and migration of hydrogen, but also facilitates the adsorption and desorption of ammonia. Consequently, Mo2C catalyst with 0.1 wt%Co offers a 40% higher ammonia synthesis activity and a lower negative reaction order with respect to NH3 in comparison to Mo2C. This work stresses the importance of the minor components in improving the ammonia synthesis activity by accelerating the migration of reactants over the catalyst surface and the escape of products from the catalyst.
Pollen as the link between floral phenotype and fitness
Authors: Opedal Øystein H. , Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Brito Vinícius L. G. , Muchhala Nathan , Capó Miquel , Dellinger Agnes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPollen plays a key role in plant reproductive biology. Despite the long history of research on pollen and pollination, recent advances in pollen‐tracking methods and statistical approaches to linking plant phenotype, pollination performance, and reproductive fitness yield a steady flow of exciting new insights. In this introduction to the Special Issue “Pollen as the Link Between Phenotype and Fitness,” we start by describing a general conceptual model linking functional classes of floral phenotypic traits to pollination‐related performance metrics and reproductive fitness. We use this model as a framework for synthesizing the relevant literature, highlighting the studies included in the Special Issue, and identifying gaps in our understanding and opportunities for further development of the field. The papers that follow in this Special Issue provide new insights into the relationships between pollen production, presentation, flower morphology, and pollination performance (e.g., pollen deposition onto stigmas), the role of pollinators in pollen transfer, and the consequences of heterospecific pollen deposition. Several of the studies demonstrate exciting experimental and analytical approaches that should pave the way for continued work addressing the intriguing role of pollen in linking plant phenotypes to reproductive fitness.
Clinical and radiological assessment of scoliosis in Koolen‐de Vries syndrome
Authors: Bouman Arianne , Bouwmeester Romy N. , van Vlimmeren Leo A. , Burger Pauline , Mandel Jean‐Louis , de Vries Bert B. A. , de Kleuver Marinus , Klein Willemijn M. , Geelen Joyce M. , Koolen David A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Koolen‐de Vries syndrome (KdVS) is a multisystem disorder characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, characteristic facial features, epilepsy, cardiovascular and urogenital malformations, and various musculoskeletal disorders. Scoliosis is a common feature. The aim of this study is to fill the gap in the current knowledge about scoliosis in individuals with KdVS and to provide recommendations for management and follow‐up. In total, 54 individuals with KdVS were included in the study, with a mean age of 13.6 years (range 1.9–38.8 years). Spine radiographs, MR scans, and corresponding radiology reports were analyzed retrospectively for scoliosis and additional anomalies. The presence of scoliosis‐related clinical conditions was assessed in participants' medical records and by use of a parent survey. Scoliosis was present in 56% of the participants (30/54) with a mean age of onset of 10.6 years and curve progression during the growth spurt. Prevalence at age 6, 10, and 18 years was, respectively, 9%, 41%, and 65%. Most participants were diagnosed with a single curve (13/24, 54%), of which five participants had a long C‐curve type scoliosis. No significant risk factors for development of scoliosis could be identified. Severity was mostly classified as mild, although 29% (7/24) of the curves were larger than 30° at last follow‐up. Bracing therapy was received in 13% (7/54), and surgical spinal fusion was warranted in 6% (3/54). Remarkably, participants with scoliosis received less often physical therapy compared to participants without scoliosis (P = 0.002). Scoliosis in individuals with KdVS should be closely monitored and radiologic screening for scoliosis and vertebrae abnormalities is recommended at diagnosis of KdVS, and the age of 10 and 18 years.
Comparative life history patterns of female gorillas
Authors: Robbins Martha M. , Akantorana Moses , Arinaitwe Joseph , Breuer Thomas , Manguette Marie , McFarlin Shannon , Meder Angela , Parnell Richard , Richardson Jack L. , Stephan Claudia , Stokes Emma J. , Stoinski Tara S. , Vecellio Veronica , Robbins Andrew M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesSeveral theories have been proposed to explain the impact of ecological conditions on differences in life history variables within and between species. Here we compare female life history parameters of one western lowland gorilla population (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and two mountain gorilla populations (Gorilla beringei beringei).Materials and MethodsWe compared the age of natal dispersal, age of first birth, interbirth interval, and birth rates using long‐term demographic datasets from Mbeli Bai (western gorillas), Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and the Virunga Massif (mountain gorillas).ResultsThe Mbeli western gorillas had the latest age at first birth, longest interbirth interval, and slowest surviving birth rate compared to the Virunga mountain gorillas. Bwindi mountain gorillas were intermediate in their life history patterns.DiscussionThese patterns are consistent with differences in feeding ecology across sites. However, it is not possible to determine the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for these differences, whether a consequence of genetic adaptation to fluctuating food supplies (“ecological risk aversion hypothesis”) or phenotypic plasticity in response to the abundance of food (“energy balance hypothesis”). Our results do not seem consistent with the extrinsic mortality risks at each site, but current conditions for mountain gorillas are unlikely to match their evolutionary history. Not all traits fell along the expected fast‐slow continuum, which illustrates that they can vary independently from each other (“modularity model”). Thus, the life history traits of each gorilla population may reflect a complex interplay of multiple ecological influences that are operating through both genetic adaptations and phenotypic plasticity.
Sustained efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: SYNAPSE 24‐week treatment‐free follow‐up
Authors: Desrosiers Martin , Diamant Zuzana , Castelnuovo Paolo , Hellings Peter W. , Han Joseph K. , Peters Anju T. , Silver Jared , Smith Steven G. , Fuller Abigail , Sousa Ana R. , Chan Robert H. , Gevaert Philippe ,   the SYNAPSE study investigators
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the 52‐week Phase III SYNAPSE study, mepolizumab given every 4 weeks (100 mg subcutaneously) reduced nasal polyp (NP) size, improved symptoms and quality of life (QoL), and reduced corticosteroid use and number of sinus surgeries in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), versus placebo. Because the durability of mepolizumab's efficacy after discontinuation is poorly understood in CRSwNP, the efficacy of mepolizumab after discontinuation was analyzed in severe CRSwNP, over a 24‐week follow‐up.MethodsChanges from SYNAPSE baseline to end of treatment (week 52) and end of follow‐up (week 76) were assessed for total endoscopic NP score, nasal obstruction and overall symptoms visual analog scale scores, and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test score. Time to first sinus surgery, time to first corticosteroid use, and geometric mean blood eosinophil counts (BECs) were also assessed.ResultsAmong 134 follow‐up patients, clinical improvements observed with mepolizumab versus placebo were partially evident 24 weeks after discontinuation despite BEC returning to baseline. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) change from baseline in NP score (week 52: −1.3 [1.8 to −0.9] vs. −0.3 [−0.6 to 0.1]; week 76: −1.2 [−1.6 to −0.7] vs. −0.1 [−0.5 to 0.3]) and the proportion of patients having sinus surgery (week 52: 4% vs. 25%; week 76: 9% vs. 31%) remained substantially improved with mepolizumab versus placebo. Mepolizumab‐associated improvements in overall symptoms, quality of life, and corticosteroid use versus placebo were partially sustained at week 76.ConclusionFifty‐two weeks of mepolizumab treatment is associated with sustained clinical benefits up to 24 weeks after discontinuation in patients with severe CRSwNP, which should be considered by physicians when making treatment decisions.
On Thermodynamics of Kerr Black Hole
Authors: Ulhoa Sérgio Costa , dos Santos Alesandro Ferreira , Spaniol Ednardo Paulo , Khanna Faqir Chand 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe gravitational Stefan–Boltzmann law is considered for the Kerr black hole in the weak‐field limit. The energy‐momentum tensor predicted by teleparallelism equivalent to general relativity is used in the thermo field dynamics formalism to thermalize the field. A temperature‐dependent gravitational pressure is obtained. Regions of divergent heat capacity are observed. According to Landau theory, it allows the existence of distinct phases around the Kerr black hole.
Ru−FeNi Alloy Heterojunctions on Lignin‐derived Carbon as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Xuliang , Liu Jianglin , Qiu Xueqing , Liu Bowen , Wang Xiaofei , Chen Liheng , Qin Yanlin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRational design of efficient, stable, and inexpensive bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a key challenge to realize green hydrogen production via electrolytic water splitting. Herein, Ru nanoparticles and FeNi alloy heterojunction catalyst (Ru−FeNi@NLC) encapsulated via lignin‐derived carbon was prepared by self‐assembly precipitation and in situ pyrolysis. The designed catalyst displays excellent performance at 10 mA cm−2 with low overpotentials of 36 mV for HER and 198 mV for OER, and only needs 1.48 V for overall water splitting. Results and DFT calculations show the unique N‐doped lignin‐derived carbon layer and Ru−FeNi heterojunction contribute to optimized electronic structure for enhancing electron transfer, balanced free energy of reactants and intermediates in the sorption/desorption process, and significantly reduced reaction energy barrier for the HER and OER rate‐determining steps, thus improved reaction kinetics. This work provides a new in situ pyrolysis doping strategy based on renewable biomass for the construction of highly active, stable and cost‐effective catalysts.
Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical‐Vapor‐Deposition Synthesis of Photoredox‐Active Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon from NH3 and CH4 Gases
Authors: Wang Yan , Fang Yuanxing , Wang Yankun , Wu Haisu , Anpo Masakazu , Yu Jimmy C. , Wang Xinchen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarth's primordial atmosphere was rich in ammonia and methane. To understand the evolution of the atmosphere, these two gases were used to make photoredox‐active nitrogen‐doped carbon (NDC). Photocatalysts such as NDC might play an important role in the development of geological and atmospheric chemistry during the Archean era. This study describes the synthesis of NDC directly from NH3 and CH4 gases. The photocatalyst product can be used to selectively synthesize imines by photo‐oxidization of amines, producing H2O2 simultaneously in the photoreduction reaction. Our findings shed light on the chemical evolution of the Earth.