bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Foliar Spray of Iron and Salicylic Acid under Artificial Magnetism on Various Metabolites of Pisum sativum
Authors: Naseer Hassan , Shaukat Kanval , Nizar Mereen , Ahmed Jabran 
Published: January 2023

Evaluating the impact of foliar treatment of (SA) salicylic acid and iron (Fe) on plants with the treatment of artificial magnetism is very essential to understand its effects on germination and growth of Pisum sativum. The current research was designed to document the primary role of SA and Fe on matore variety of garden pea. Selected specie was given various geo and artificial magnetic treatments. Hence, a pot experimentation was designed using Completely Randomized Design under factorial with three replicates. Seeds were sown in pots having different geo and artificial magnetism treatments. Later, fifteen days of germination, pea plants were foliarly sprayed with 250 μM salicylic acid and 250 ppm iron. Furthermore, later twenty days of foliar supplementation seedlings were uprooted/harvested and taken to lab to analyze different bio-chemical attributes. Data annotate diverse variations in Matore variety among various magnetism treatments. Artificial magnetic treatments combined with foliarly supplementation of salicylic acid and iron significantly improved tannin content, ascorbic acid as well as phytic acid in pea plants. Thus, foliar supplementation based on this current research findings may be proposed for improved development and growth of plants in combination with magnetism.
Global Clustering Coeffcient of the Join and Corona of Graphs
Authors: Damalerio Remarl Joseph M. , Eballe Rolito G. , Balingit Cherry Mae R. , Cabahug Jr. Isagani S. , Flores Ann Leslie V. 
Published: January 2023

The global clustering coecient is one of the most useful indices in complex network analysis. It is another metric that somehow measures how close a graph from being a complete graph. In this paper we present some expressions for the global clustering coeffcient of the join G v H and corona G o H of arbitrary simple and undirected graphs G and H. As corollaries to these results, we will show that for the path Pm, cycle Cm, fan Fm, and wheel Wm, both Cc(Pm v Pm) and Cc(Cm v Cm) approach to 0 as m increases without bound, while Cc(Fm), Cc(Wm), Cc(Pm o Pm), and Cc(Cm o Cm) all approach to 2/3.
Genetic Variability Parameters and Character Associations among Yield Attributing Traits in Advanced Backcross Lines of Groundnut
Authors: Madhuri T. , Reddy V. Ram , Kumar C. V. Sameer , Rani Ch. V. Durga , Sravanti K. 
Published: January 2023

Groundnut is currently a major industrial oilseed crop with good commercial significance. It is highly variable in phenotypic characters and thus it is important to investigate the variations and associations of these morphological features. 20 advanced Groundnut lines were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design along with parental lines and two checks and they were evaluated for 13 traits. Significant variations were revealed in analysis of variance. High GCV (20.21) coupled with high heritability (91.2) and GAM (39.77) were observed is plant height suggested that environment had lesser influence on the expression of this trait, as this character is governed by an additive gene action, making them effective for selection. High heritability combined with low GCV and GAM were recorded in oil content, days to 50 percent flowering, shelling outturn and number of secondary branches per plant revealed that non-additive genetic variation played a significant role in the expression of this trait thus, selection for this character would be inefficient. Pod yield per plant showed a positive and significant association with seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width and number of pods per plant. Path coefficient analysis have revealed that positive direct effects towards pod yield per plant were reported for seed yield per plant, plant height, number of secondary branches per plant, pod length, pod width, and number of pods per plant. Thus the characters seed yield per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of secondary branches per plant which are the most essential characters contributed significantly towards higher pod yield per plant.
Modeling scatter through sides of island blocks used for intensity‐modulated bolus electron conformal therapy
Authors: Scotto Joseph G. , Pitcher Garrett M. , Carver Robert L. , Erhart Kevin J. , McGuffey Andrew S. , Hogstrom Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposePassive Radiotherapy Intensity Modulators for Electrons (PRIME) devices are comprised of cylindrical tungsten island blocks imbedded in a machinable foam slab within the patient's cutout. Intensity‐modulated bolus electron conformal therapy (IM‐BECT) uses PRIME devices to reduce dose heterogeneity caused by the irregular bolus surface. Heretofore, IM‐BECT dose calculations used the pencil beam redefinition algorithm (PBRA) assuming perfect collimation. This study investigates modeling electron scatter into and out the sides of island blocks.MethodsDose distributions were measured in a water phantom at 7, 13, and 20 MeV for devices having nominal intensity reduction factors of 1.000 (foam only), 0.937, 0.812, and 0.688, corresponding to nominal island block diameters (dnom) of 0.158, 0.273, and 0.352 cm, respectively. Pencil beam theory derived an effective diameter (dIS) to account for in‐scattered electrons as a function of dnom and beam energy (Ep,0). However, for out‐scattered electrons, an effective diameter (dmod) was estimated by best fitting measured data.ResultsIn the modulated region (under island blocks, depth < R90), modified PBRA‐calculated dose distributions showed 2%/2 mm passing rates for dnom = 0.158, 0.273, and 0.352 cm of (100%, 100%, 100%) at 7 MeV, (100%, 100%, 93.5%) at 13 MeV, and (99.8%, 85.4%, and 71.5%) at 20 MeV. The largest dose differences (≤ 6%) occurred at the highest energy (20 MeV), largest dnom, shallowest depths (≤ 2 cm), and on central axis.ConclusionsAn equation for modeling island block scatter, dmod(dnom, Ep,0), has been developed for use in the PBRA, insignificantly impacting calculation time. Although inaccuracy sometimes exceeded our 2%/2 mm criteria, it could be clinically acceptable, as superficial dose differences often fall inside the bolus. Also, patient PRIME devices are expected to have fewer large diameter island blocks than did test devices. Inaccuracies are attributed to out‐scattered electrons having energy spectra different than the primary beams.
Development of a three‐dimensional dose evaluation method for computed tomography
Authors: Katsuda Toshizo , Gotanda Rumi , Gotanda Tatsuhiro , Kuwano Tadao , Tanki Nobuyoshi , Yabunaka Kouichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring a single scan using computed tomography, an X‐ray tube orbits along a 360°‐circular path around the patient. A scan obtained using the half‐cylindrical type phantoms with a radiochromic film sandwiched in between reveals a pixel value map illustrating the two‐dimensional (2D) dose distribution. A three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution can be obtained with a 360° rotation of the 2D dose map. This study evaluates the concept and methodology of creating a 3D dose map to develop a phantom with a radiochromic film for obtaining the 3D dose distribution. The coronal and axial plane dose distributions were also evaluated. A single scan computed tomography image obtained using a half‐cylindrical type of acrylic phantom with a sandwiched radiochromic film was studied. The diameters of the phantoms were 10 and 16 cm, and their lengths were 30 cm. A 2D image of the XR‐QA2 film was obtained using an image scanner and image processing software. A red channel image was used to obtain the 3D dose distribution using a computing platform. A pseudo color was applied to the red channel image from which cross‐sectional color images were obtained. Half of the cross‐sectional pixel data were rotated by 360° to generate the data for each axial plane. The image created was saved, and a 3D pixel value map was constructed. The dose measurement procedure for the 3D dose distribution was developed using half‐cylindrical acrylic phantoms with a radiochromic film.
Modulation of Charge Trapping by Island‐like Single‐Atom Cobalt Catalyst for Enhanced Photo‐Fenton‐Like reaction
Authors: Qian Mengying , Wu Xi‐Lin , Lu Meichi , Huang Lizhou , Li Wenxuan , Lin Hongjun , Chen Jianrong , Wang Shaobin , Duan Xiaoguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComposites‐based photocatalysis relies on the interfacial electron transfer between the metallic cocatalyst and photosensitizer (the semiconductor) to realize spatial separation of charge carriers. Herein, an ingenious heterojunction between Co‐CN single atom catalysts (SACs) and g‐C3N4 is constructed for heterogeneous photo‐Fenton‐like reactions. Driven by built‐in electric field across the heterojunctions, the separation and migration of the photogenerated charge carriers is promoted, leading to the fast electron transfer from the g‐C3N4 to the Co‐CN SACs. Theoretical calculations and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal the modulated charge transfer and trapping in the SA‐Co‐CN/g‐C3N4 heterostructure, resulting in the remarkably enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species via peroxymonosulfate activation under light irradiation. This ingenious SA‐Co‐CN/g‐C3N4/PMS/vis system is efficient for the oxidation of various antibiotics with high removal efficiency (>98%), a wide operating pH range (pH 3–11) and excellent stability in long‐term operation. This study provides a new tactic for rational design of SACs‐based heterojunctions to bridge photocatalysis and heterogeneous catalysis, attaining superior photoredox activity via interfacial coupling.
Latch Applicator for Efficient Delivery of Dissolving Microneedles Based on Rapid Release of Elastic Strain Energy by Thumb Force
Authors: Kang Geonwoo , Kim Minkyung , Yang Huisuk , Shin Jiwoo , Sim Jeeho , Ahn Hyeri , Jang Mingyu , Kim Youseong , Min Hye Su , Jung Hyungil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDissolving microneedle (DMN) is an attractive alternative to parenteral and enteral drug administration owing to its painless self‐administration and safety due to non‐generation of medical waste. For reproducible and efficient DMN administration, various DMN application methods, such as weights, springs, and electromagnetic devices, have been studied. However, these applicators have complex structures that are complicated to use and high production costs. In this study, a latch applicator that consists of only simple plastic parts and operates via thumb force without any external complex device is developed. Protrusion‐shaped latches and impact distances are designed to accumulate thumb force energy through elastic deformation and to control impact velocity. The optimized latch applicator with a pressing force of 25 N and an impact velocity of 5.9 m s−1 fully inserts the drug‐loaded tip of the two‐layered DMN into the skin. In an ovalbumin immunization test, DMN with the latch applicator shows a significantly higher IgG antibody production rate than that of intramuscular injection. The latch applicator, which provides effective DMN insertion and a competitive price compared with conventional syringes, has great potential to improve delivery of drugs, including vaccines.
High‐Throughput Screening Assisted Discovery of a Stable Layered Anti‐Ferromagnetic Semiconductor: CdFeP2Se6
Authors: Kothakonda Manish , Zhu Yanglin , Guan Yingdong , He Jingyang , Kidd Jamin , Zhang Ruiqi , Ning Jinliang , Gopalan Venkatraman , Xie Weiwei , Mao Zhiqiang , Sun Jianwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent advances in 2D magnetism have heightened interest in layered magnetic materials due to their potential for spintronics. In particular, layered semiconducting antiferromagnets exhibit intriguing low‐dimensional semiconducting behavior with both charge and spin as carrier controls. However, synthesis of these compounds is challenging and remains rare. Here, first‐principles based high‐throughput search is conducted to screen potentially stable mixed metal phosphorous trichalcogenides (MM′P2X6, where M and M′ are transition metals and X is a chalcogenide) that have a wide range of tunable bandgaps and interesting magnetic properties. Among the potential candidates, a stable semiconducting layered magnetic material, CdFeP2Se6, that exhibits a short‐range antiferromagnetic order at TN = 21 K with an indirect bandgap of 2.23 eV is successfully synthesized . This work suggests that high‐throughput screening assisted synthesis can be an effective method for layered magnetic materials discovery.
Phototheranostic Agents Based on Nonionic Heptamethine Cyanine for Realizing Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Liu Tianguang , Chen Yanli , Wang Huizhe , Cui Mengyuan , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Wancun , Wang Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAsymmetrical heptamethine cyanine with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption is used for photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancer. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks caused by the high temperature of PTT, the development of asymmetrical heptamethine cyanine with photothermal and photodynamic properties is still an attractive strategy. Different from the traditional method of the heavy atom effect, in this work, the carboxyl or sulfonic groups are introduced into the indole ring or branch chain of asymmetrical heptamethine cyanine to afford a series of new phototherapy agents. After being encapsulated by DSPE‐PEG2000, BSS‐Et NPs exhibit robust photostability, efficient reactive oxygen species generation (49%), and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of about 37.6% under 808 nm laser irradiation. BSS‐Et NPs possess passive tumor‐targeting properties in vivo to not only visualize the tumor by NIR fluorescence imaging but also eliminate the tumor without any recurrence by photodynamic therapy and PTT synergistic therapy under laser irradiation. In addition, benefitting from the characteristics of organic small molecules, they can be metabolized quickly through the liver without inducing toxicity in the whole body. In general, this study provides a new direction for the development of multifunctional phototherapy agents for cancer treatment.
Artificial Neuronal Devices Based on Emerging Materials: Neuronal Dynamics and Applications
Authors: Liu Hefei , Qin Yuan , Chen Hung‐Yu , Wu Jiangbin , Ma Jiahui , Du Zhonghao , Wang Nan , Zou Jingyi , Lin Sen , Zhang Xu , Zhang Yuhao , Wang Han 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial neuronal devices are critical building blocks of neuromorphic computing systems and currently the subject of intense research motivated by application needs from new computing technology and more realistic brain emulation. Researchers have proposed a range of device concepts that can mimic neuronal dynamics and functions. Although the switching physics and device structures of these artificial neurons are largely different, their behaviors can be described by several neuron models in a more unified manner. In this paper, the reports of artificial neuronal devices based on emerging volatile switching materials are reviewed from the perspective of the demonstrated neuron models, with a focus on the neuronal functions implemented in these devices and the exploitation of these functions for computational and sensing applications. Furthermore, the neuroscience inspirations and engineering methods to enrich the neuronal dynamics that remain to be implemented in artificial neuronal devices and networks toward realizing the full functionalities of biological neurons are discussed.
Arming Ru with Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enriched RuO2 Sub‐Nanometer Skin Activates Superior Bifunctionality for pH‐Universal Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Yapeng , Wang Wentao , Cheng Mingyu , Feng Yafei , Han Xiao , Qian Qizhu , Zhu Yin , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater electrolysis has been expected to assimilate the renewable yet intermediate energy‐derived electricity for green H2 production. However, current benchmark anodic catalysts of Ir/Ru‐based compounds suffer severely from poor dissolution resistance. Herein, an effective modification strategy is proposed by arming a sub‐nanometer RuO2 skin with abundant oxygen vacancies to the interconnected Ru clusters/carbon hybrid microsheet (denoted as Ru@V‐RuO2/C HMS), which can not only inherit the high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of the Ru, but more importantly, activate the superior activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both acid and alkaline conditions. Outstandingly, it can achieve an ultralow overpotential of 176/201 mV for OER and 46/6 mV for the HER to reach 10 mA cm−2 in acidic and alkaline solution, respectively. Inspiringly, the overall water splitting can be driven with an ultrasmall cell voltage of 1.467/1.437 V for 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4/1.0 m KOH, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that armoring the oxygen‐vacancy‐enriched RuO2 exoskeleton can cooperatively alter the interfacial electronic structure and make the adsorption behavior of hydrogen and oxygen intermediates much close to the ideal level, thus simultaneously speeding up the hydrogen evolution kinetics and decreasing the energy barrier of oxygen release.
Formation and Applications in Electronic Devices of Lattice‐Aligned Gallium Oxynitride Nanolayer on Gallium Nitride
Authors: Chen Junting , Zhao Junlei , Feng Sirui , Zhang Li , Cheng Yan , Liao Hang , Zheng Zheyang , Chen Xiaolong , Gao Zhen , Chen Kevin J. , Hua Mengyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGallium nitride (GaN), a promising alternative semiconductor to Si, is widely used in photoelectronic and electronic technologies. However, the vulnerability of the GaN surface is a critical restriction that hinders the development of GaN‐based devices, especially in terms of device stability and reliability. In this study, this challenge is overcome by converting the GaN surface into a gallium oxynitride (GaON) epitaxial nanolayer through an in situ two‐step “oxidation–reconfiguration” process. The O plasma treatment overcomes the chemical inertness of the GaN surface, and sequential thermal annealing manipulates the kinetic–thermodynamic reaction pathways to create a metastable GaON nanolayer with a wurtzite lattice. The GaN‐derived GaON nanolayer is a tailored structure for surface reinforcement and possesses several advantages, including a wide bandgap, high thermodynamic stability, and large valence band offset with a GaN substrate. These physical properties can be further leveraged to enhance the performance of GaN‐based devices in various applications, such as power systems, complementary logic integrated circuits, photoelectrochemical water splitting, and ultraviolet photoelectric conversion.
Polymer Solar Cells with Active Layer Thickness Compatible with Scalable Fabrication Processes: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Camaioni Nadia , Carbonera Chiara , Ciammaruchi Laura , Corso Gianni , Mwaura Jeremiah , Po Riccardo , Tinti Francesca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics (OPV) has been considered for a long time a promising emerging solar technology. Currently, however, market shares of OPV are practically non‐existent. A detailed meta‐analysis of the literature published until mid‐2021 is presented, focusing on one of the remaining issues that need to be addressed to translate the recent remarkable progress, obtained in devices’ performance at lab‐scale level, into the requirements able to boost the manufacturing‐scale production. Namely, the active layer's thickness is referred to, which, together with device efficiency and stability, represents one of the biggest challenges of this technological research field. Papers describing solar cells containing non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) binary and ternary blends, as well as NFA plus fullerene acceptor (FA) ternary blends are reviewed. The common ground of all analyzed devices is their high‐thickness active layers, compatible with large‐area deposition techniques. By defining a new figure of merit to discuss the OPV thickness (thickness tolerance, TT), it is found that this parameter is not affected by the chemical family's nature of the active blend components. On the other hand, the analysis suggests that there are promising strategies to improve the TT, which are discussed in the conclusion section.
Plasmonic Resonance Enabling 2D Perovskite Single Crystal to Detect Telecommunication Light
Authors: Xi Yuying , Wang Xinchao , Ji Ting , Li Guohui , Shi Linlin , Liu Yucheng , Wang Wenyan , Ma Jiaqi , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Hao Yuying , Xiao Liantuan , Cui Yanxia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh performance photodetectors (PDs) based on two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite single crystals (SCs) have been demonstrated with improved stability with respect to those based on their three‐dimensional counterparts. However, due to their large energy band gaps, response of 2D perovskite PDs is limited in the ultraviolet and visible range. In this study, a broadband PD based on (PEA)2PbI4 (PEA = C6H5(CH2)2NH3+) 2D perovskite SC is demonstrated by incorporating thermally annealed Au nanoparticles (NPs). Introduction of Au NPs brings forward enhancement in photocurrent over a broadband wavelength range with the dark current being maintained. In the light absorption range of (PEA)2PbI4, photocurrent enhancement is owing to the enhanced localized electric field induced by Au NPs. Beyond the (PEA)2PbI4 absorption range of 650–900 nm, the photocurrent enhancement factors reach 1000% in average, which arises from the hot holes produced by Au NPs. It is also emphasized that the response wavelength of the PD has been extended to the telecommunication band; specifically, the light signals at 1310 nm can be converted to stable on‐off electric signals by the plasmonic PD. This work promotes the development of broadband, sensitive solution‐processed perovskite PDs, providing a promising strategy for realizing photodetection in the telecommunication range.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles‐Based Optical Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Qiyue , Wang Bingzhe , Shi Dao , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical sensing methods are especially attractive due to their low cost, rapid detection, and high sensitivity. Due to multiple enzyme‐mimetic activities, fast electron transfer capability, and biological molecules affinity, cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) represents a promising candidate to be used as the recognition and/or transducer element in optical biosensors. Despite the significant achievements of CNPs as therapeutic agents, the applications of CNPs as sensing elements are still in their infancy. To deepen the understanding and promote the development of CNP‐based optical biosensing, in this review, the ingenious design and fabrication of CNP‐based optical sensors are introduced, and the underlying sensing mechanisms are in‐depth analyzed. Furthermore, recent advances in CNP‐based optical sensing strategies for biomarker detection, disease diagnosis, and therapy are intensively discussed. Finally, current challenges and potential solutions of CNP‐based optical sensors for effective in vivo sensing are outlined.