bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing an MeV-scale scalar boson in association with a TeV-Scale top-quark partner at the LHC
Authors: Dutta Bhaskar , Ghosh Sumit , Gurrola Alfredo , Julson Dale , Kamon Teruki , Kumar Jason 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Searches for new low-mass matter and mediator particles have actively been pursued at fixed target experiments and at e+e− colliders. It is challenging at the CERN LHC, but they have been searched for in Higgs boson decays and in B meson decays by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, as well as in a low transverse momentum phenomena from forward scattering processes (e.g., FASER). We propose a search for a new scalar particle in association with a heavy vector-like quark. We consider the scenario in which the top quark (t) couples to a light scalar ϕ′ and a heavy vector-like top quark T. We examine single and pair production of T in pp collisions, resulting in a final state with a top quark that decays purely hadronically, a T which decays semileptonically (T → W + b → ℓ ν b), and a ϕ′ that is very boosted and decays to a pair of collimated photons which can be identified as a merged photon system. The proposed search is expected to achieve a discovery reach with signal significance greater than 5σ (3σ) for m(T) as large as 1.8 (2) TeV and m(ϕ′) as small as 1 MeV, assuming an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1. This search can expand the reach of T, and demonstrates that the LHC can probe low-mass, MeV-scale particles.
GWAS of grain color and tannin content in Chinese sorghum based on whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Zhang Liyi , Xu Jianxia , Ding Yanqing , Cao Ning , Gao Xu , Feng Zhou , Li Kuiying , Cheng Bing , Zhou Lengbo , Ren Mingjian , Tao Yuezhi , Zou Guihua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Key message
Seventy-three QTL related to grain color and tannin content were identified in Chinese sorghum accessions, and a new recessive allelic variant of TAN2 gene was discovered.

Abstract
Sorghum is mainly used for brewing distilled liquors in China. Since grain tannins play an important role in liquor brewing, accurately understanding the relationship between grain color and tannin content can provide basis for selection standards of tannin sorghum. We resequenced a panel of 242 Chinese sorghum accessions and performed population structure and genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting pericarp color, testa pigment, and tannin content. Phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and admixture model were used to infer population structure. Two distinct genetic sub-populations were identified according to their corresponding northern and southern geographic origin. To investigate the genetic basis of natural variation in sorghum grain color, GWAS with 2,760,264 SNPs was conducted in four environments using multiple models (Blink, FarmCPU, GLM, and MLM). Seventy-three QTL were identified to be associated for the color of exocarp, mesocarp, testa, and tannin content on all chromosomes except chromosome 5, of which 47 might be novel QTL. Some important QTL were found to colocalize with orthologous genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway from other plants, including orthologous of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) TT2, TT7, TT12, TT16 and AT5G41220 (GST), as well as orthologous of rice (Oryza sativa) MYB61 and OsbHLH025. Our investigation of the variation in grain color and tannin content in Chinese sorghum germplasm may help guide future sorghum breeding for liquor brewing.
Metabolic patterns on [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC undergoing chemoradiotherapy ± durvalumab maintenance treatment
Authors: Holzgreve Adrien , Taugner Julian , Käsmann Lukas , Müller Philipp , Tufman Amanda , Reinmuth Niels , Li Minglun , Winkelmann Michael , Unterrainer Lena M. , Nieto Alexander E. , Bartenstein Peter , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Ricke Jens , Belka Claus , Eze Chukwuka , Unterrainer Marcus , Manapov Farkhad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), durvalumab maintenance treatment after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) significantly improves survival. So far, however, metabolic changes of tumoral lesions and secondary lymphoid organs under durvalumab are unknown. Hence, we assessed changes on [18F]FDG PET/CT in comparison to patients undergoing CRT alone.

Methods
Forty-three patients with [18F]FDG PET/CT both before and after standard CRT for unresectable stage III NSCLC were included, in 16/43 patients durvalumab maintenance treatment was initiated (CRT-IO) prior to the second PET/CT. Uptake of tumor sites and secondary lymphoid organs was compared between CRT and CRT-IO. Also, readers were blinded for durvalumab administration and reviewed scans for findings suspicious for immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAE).

Results
Initial uptake characteristics were comparable. However, under durvalumab, diverging metabolic patterns were noted: There was a significantly higher reduction of tumoral uptake intensity in CRT-IO compared to CRT, e.g. median decrease of SUVmax –70.0% vs. –24.8%, p = 0.009. In contrast, the spleen uptake increased in CRT-IO while it dropped in CRT (median + 12.5% vs. –4.4%, p = 0.029). Overall survival was significantly longer in CRT-IO compared to CRT with few events (progression/death) noted in CRT-IO. Findings suggestive of irAE were present on PET/CT more often in CRT-IO (12/16) compared to CRT (8/27 patients), p = 0.005.

Conclusion
Durvalumab maintenance treatment after CRT leads to diverging tumoral metabolic changes, but also increases splenic metabolism and leads to a higher proportion of findings suggestive of irAE compared to patients without durvalumab. Due to significantly prolonged survival with durvalumab, survival analysis will be substantiated in correlation to metabolic changes as soon as more clinical events are present.
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of single-agent etoposide intra-CSF chemotherapy in children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system tumours
Authors: Butler Anna , Meijer Lisethe , Liu Jo-Fen , Chohan Manjit , Jalloh Ibrahim , Macarthur Donald , Parr Margaret , Wilne Sophie , Wilson Shaun , Walker David , Grundy Richard , Dandapani Madhumita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the project was to evaluate intra-CSF etoposide administration in a palliative setting for children and young people with relapsed/refractory central nervous system (CNS) tumours, with the primary endpoints being overall survival and progression-free survival time. A safety endpoint was to assess the side effect profile and complications of intra-CSF etoposide.

Methods
Thirty-five patients under the age of 30 years (median age: 5.33 years) were enrolled onto the project. The cross-centre study was a service evaluation, with a data collection spreadsheet designed in Nottingham and completed by both Nottingham and Oxford centres. Data was analysed using SPSS, assessing the overall survival and progression-free survival times, as well as the 6-month and 1-year survival rates.

Results
The median overall survival and progression-free survival times were 10.97 and 5.91 months, respectively. The 6-month and 1-year overall survival rates were 67% and 48%, and the progression-free survival rates were 50% and 22%. Age at the start of intra-CSF therapy was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.046), with the 6 + age group having improved overall survival. Treatment type was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.012), with etoposide intra-CSF treatment being associated with improved overall survival. Treatment duration was significantly associated with both overall survival (P < 0.001) and progression-free survival (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Intra-CSF etoposide treatment has shown to increase both overall and progression-free survival significantly, whilst having few side effects and maintaining a good quality of life for patients, reflecting it as a beneficial therapy in the palliative setting.
What is circulating factor disease and how is it currently explained?
Authors: Hayward Samantha , Parmesar Kevon , Saleem Moin A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) consists of the clinical triad of hypoalbuminaemia, high levels of proteinuria and oedema, and describes a heterogeneous group of disease processes with different underlying drivers. The existence of circulating factor disease (CFD) as a driver of NS has been epitomised by a subset of patients who exhibit disease recurrence after transplantation, alongside laboratory work. Several circulating factors have been proposed and studied, broadly grouped into protease components such as soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suPAR), hemopexin (Hx) and calcium/calmodulin-serine protease kinase (CASK), and other circulating proteases, and immune components such as TNF-α, CD40 and cardiotrophin-like cytokine-1 (CLC-1). While currently there is no definitive way of assessing risk of CFD pre-transplantation, promising work is emerging through the study of ‘multi-omic’ bioinformatic data from large national cohorts and biobanks.
Cadomian to Cenerian accretionary orogenic processes in the Alpine basement: the detrital zircon archive
Authors: Siegesmund Siegfried , Oriolo Sebastián , Broge Alena , Hueck Mathias , Lammerer Bernd , Basei Miguel A. S. , Schulz Bernhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew whole-rock geochemical and detrital zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data of metasedimentary sequences of the Silvretta Nappe, Orobic Alps, Strona-Ceneri Zone, Gotthard Massif and Venediger Nappe are presented. These units seem to share a common early to middle Paleozoic geological record, which has alternatively been interpreted as the result of intraplate or orogenic processes. Detrital zircon data mainly indicate late Ediacaran to early Ordovician maximum sedimentation ages for the studied sequences, suggesting that they were intimately related to Cadomian and Cenerian orogenic processes along the northwestern Gondwana margin. The common presence of late Ediacaran to Cambrian Cadomian ages associated with variable subchondritic to suprachondritic Lu–Hf compositions points to recycling processes of Cadomian sequences, further supported by geochemical data indicating a relatively low to moderate maturity of sedimentary protoliths. The occurrence of Cenerian arc-related intrusions in Austroalpine and South Alpine basement unit points to an arc/back-arc position in the early Paleozoic Cenerian orogen, except for the Strona-Ceneri Zone, which was likely located closer to the forearc region, as indicated by the presence of high-pressure metamorphism. Younger sequences, such as the Landeck Quartz-phyllite, document post-Cenerian sedimentation, whereas those of the Venediger Nappe more likely record the early stages of Variscan subduction, as indicated by Devonian maximum deposition ages.
Cloud services cost comparison: a clustering analysis framework
Authors: Fragiadakis George , Liagkou Vasiliki , Filiopoulou Evangelia , Fragkakis Dimitris , Michalakelis Christos , Nikolaidou Mara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs cloud computing has grown in popularity, several different models and deployment strategies have emerged, fulfilling specific needs of different users. Thus cloud service selection is a major task that combines business and technical aspects. Several cloud providers categorize their bundles to help users find the best fit. However, the policy behind this categorization is unclear, making it difficult to be consistent among providers. Therefore, this work explores the complication of selecting the optimal cloud service among numerous and comparable solutions and introduces a selection framework for cloud services based on clustering analysis, providing an overall size categorization of cloud services derived from the cloud market and making the categorization policy explicit and homogeneous across all providers. Finally, a real-word case study is presented, highlighting the application of the proposed framework.
Strategies to save energy in the context of the energy crisis: a review
Authors: Farghali Mohamed , Osman Ahmed I. , Mohamed Israa M. A. , Chen Zhonghao , Chen Lin , Ihara Ikko , Yap Pow-Seng , Rooney David W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew technologies, systems, societal organization and policies for energy saving are urgently needed in the context of accelerated climate change, the Ukraine conflict and the past coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. For instance, concerns about market and policy responses that could lead to new lock-ins, such as investing in liquefied natural gas infrastructure and using all available fossil fuels to compensate for Russian gas supply cuts, may hinder decarbonization efforts. Here we review energy-saving solutions with a focus on the actual energy crisis, green alternatives to fossil fuel heating, energy saving in buildings and transportation, artificial intelligence for sustainable energy, and implications for the environment and society. Green alternatives include biomass boilers and stoves, hybrid heat pumps, geothermal heating, solar thermal systems, solar photovoltaics systems into electric boilers, compressed natural gas and hydrogen. We also detail case studies in Germany which is planning a 100% renewable energy switch by 2050 and developing the storage of compressed air in China, with emphasis on technical and economic aspects. The global energy consumption in 2020 was 30.01% for the industry, 26.18% for transport, and 22.08% for residential sectors. 10–40% of energy consumption can be reduced using renewable energy sources, passive design strategies, smart grid analytics, energy-efficient building systems, and intelligent energy monitoring. Electric vehicles offer the highest cost-per-kilometer reduction of 75% and the lowest energy loss of 33%, yet battery-related issues, cost, and weight are challenging. 5–30% of energy can be saved using automated and networked vehicles. Artificial intelligence shows a huge potential in energy saving by improving weather forecasting and machine maintenance and enabling connectivity across homes, workplaces, and transportation. For instance, 18.97–42.60% of energy consumption can be reduced in buildings through deep neural networking. In the electricity sector, artificial intelligence can automate power generation, distribution, and transmission operations, balance the grid without human intervention, enable lightning-speed trading and arbitrage decisions at scale, and eliminate the need for manual adjustments by end-users.
“We’re not there yet” but it’s not “pie-in-the-sky”: Legal Consciousness, Decertification and the Equality Sector in England and Wales
Authors: Emerton Robyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDrawing on 38 in-depth, qualitative interviews, this article explores how people working in the equality sector in England and Wales view and use the current law around sex and gender, and how they imagine law’s future, particularly potential decertification, where the state would withdraw from certifying and regulating a person’s sex/gender. Whilst situated in the bureaucratic strand of the literature, the paper also contributes to wider legal consciousness studies. This literature has generally focused on people’s relationships to law in terms of domination, alienation and game-playing. Drawing on idioms and the language of touch, the paper unpacks the way in which equality actors talked about law not as remote or alienating, but as close and familiar; not as oppressive, but as “precious” and hard-won. Some also regarded law as a place of safety in unsafe times. These proposed ‘attached to law’ and ‘protective of law’ strands of consciousness enrich and extend Ewick and Silbey’s classic ‘before the law’ narrative. The findings are also useful for critical legal and feminist scholarship. Combined with the equality sector’s pragmatic and tactical use of law to problem-solve, this close and protective orientation towards law reproduces its hegemony. The paper concludes by exploring a recurrent refrain that, in relation to decertification, “we’re not there yet” and that gender equality would need to be achieved before decertification would “fly”.
Polarization-Maintaining Diffractive Elements for Off-Axis Terahertz Digital Holography
Authors: Sobczyk Artur , Makowski Michał , Kowalczyk Adam , Suszek Jarosław , Traczyk Maciej , Sypek Maciej 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOff-axis digital holography in the terahertz waves allows three-dimensional visualizations of optically opaque volumetric objects in a single exposure and with angular separation of the zero-order component. Forming the tilted reference beam usually requires a set of mirrors, which can disturb the polarization, causing the loss of contrast in fringes at the detector. Here we present a mirror-less approach with 3D-printed transmissive diffractive optical elements, providing unaltered polarization and successful holographic measurements at 0.1 THz without any pre- or postprocessing of interference fringes.
Nonlinear and chaotic dynamics of a vibratory conveying system
Authors: Schiller Simon , Perchtold Dominik , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, a simulation model of a vibratory conveying system is presented. The simulation model is based on a continuous contact formulation in vertical direction which is extended by a friction force in horizontal direction to simulate a conveying process. In contrast with complex 3D simulation tools, it enables the understanding of previously unexplained phenomena such as multiple feeding velocities at the same excitation amplitude, which are observed in practical measurements. The parameters that have an influence on this effect are investigated, and a method for predicting and adjusting the occurrence of multiple solutions is developed. It is shown that the calibration of the system is very difficult in practice, as it depends significantly on the initial conditions which are difficult to reproduce and predict. It is also shown that the system can exhibit chaotic behavior in some configurations. These chaotic states are shown with the simulation model by means of parameter studies, and the point at which the system becomes chaotic is predicted with the method of Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimensions. Knowledge of the chaotic states can be used to calibrate the conveyor, as they depend only on the excitation and not on the initial conditions. The interdependencies of the initial conditions are also discussed in more detail. Therefore, this work provides a deeper understanding of complex conveying processes using a simple simulation model.
Numerical investigation of the effect of dust shields on accumulation of dust over PV panels
Authors: Shenouda Ramy , Abd-Elhady Mohamed S. , Kandil Hamdy A. , Dagher Mahmoud M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDust accumulation on photovoltaic panels represents a major challenge for the operation of solar panels especially in the regions known by their high rate of dust and low frequency of rain. The objective of this study is to minimize dust accumulation on PV panels operating street light posts using dust shields. A novel dust shield having the same width of the panel, and subtending an angle of 120° with the panel, is proposed for dust mitigation. Numerical simulations are carried out to evaluate the influence of the dust shield on dust accumulation over the panel’s surface. It is found that using a dust shield decreases the dust deposition rate by more than 44%. Moreover, extending the panel’s surface at the lower edge with an extension plate together with the dust shield decreases the dust deposition rate better than using a dust shield only. Also, the effect of adding an air gap between the shield and the added extension plate is investigated, and it is found that the air gap induces air drafts over the panel’s surface, which acts as an air barrier that obstructs the approach of dust particles to the panel’s surface. These drafts get stronger as the air gap thickness increases, accordingly, less particles deposit on the panel. Finally, it is found that using a dust shield with a length smaller than the panel’s length in addition to an extension plate together and increasing the thickness of the air gap is an effective and efficient solution for dust mitigation, such that the percentage decrease in the dust deposition rate that might be more than 88%.
Peribolosporomycetes class. nov.: description of a new heat resistant and osmotolerant basidiomycete lineage, represented by Peribolospora gen. nov., P. kevripleyi sp. nov., and P. baueri sp. nov.
Authors: Witfeld Frederick , Guerreiro Marco Alexandre , Nitsche Frank , Wang Qi-Ming , Nguyen Hai D. T. , Begerow Dominik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeat resistance is the ability to survive short, extreme temperature stresses, exceeding the own growth temperature by far. Despite their occurrence in natural substrates and their relevance for the food and healthcare industry, the diversity of fungi with heat resistance abilities is poorly studied. Sampling of boreal forest soils in Canada in combination with a heat-shock treatment (75 °C, 30 min) yielded, among others, four heat resistant, mesophilic fungal isolates. Based on rDNA barcode sequences, the novel isolates were assigned to Basidiomycota. In this study, we use macromorphological and micromorphological observations, cultivation assays and comparative genomics for physiological characterization, interspecific differentiation, and phylogenetic placement of these isolates. A phylogeny of 38 single-copy orthologous genes, an orthology analysis, and septal pore type analysis revealed the isolates as representatives of two new basidiomycetous species of the novel class Peribolosporomycetes, a sister lineage to all other members of Ustilaginomycotina. Further genomic and phenotypic data support two different species (Peribolospora kevripleyi, Peribolospora baueri), which are heat resistant and osmotolerant.
Electronic Cigarettes: an Overlooked Tool to Alleviate Disparities in Tobacco Use Disorder Among People with Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Vuong Jacqueline T. , Ruedisueli Isabelle , Beaudin Catherine S. , Middlekauff Holly R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe remarkable decline in cigarette smoking since 1964 has plateaued; approximately 12.5% of Americans still smoke. People who continue to smoke are largely members of marginalized groups, such as people with behavioral health conditions (BHC), encompassing both mental health and substance use disorders. Certified smoking cessation interventions can increase smoking abstinence in trials in people with BHC, yet smoking rates remain markedly increased, leading to increased mortality from smoking-related diseases, and worsening health disparities. A novel approach tailored to the unique needs, characteristics, and circumstances of people with BHC is mandated. One promising approach, the electronic cigarette, has not been embraced in the USA, likely due to an understandable concern for non-smoking young people among whom electronic cigarettes have been popular. Recent data confirm that electronic cigarette use is declining among young people, yet cigarette smoking is not declining among people with BHC. We propose smoking cessation trials utilizing electronic cigarettes in people with BHC. To this goal, the UK has already begun allowing companies to submit their products for approval as medically licensed electronic cigarettes that can be prescribed as smoking cessation aids. Our proposal is timely, backed by evidence, and aims to save hundreds of thousands of American lives.