bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of technical and quality assessment considerations of audio-visual and web-conferencing focus groups in qualitative health research
Authors: Bawadi Hiba , Elshami Sara , Awaisu Ahmed , Al-Jayyousi Ghadir Fakhri , Ashfaq Shuja , Mukhalalati Banan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transition from the conventional approach to an online setting in conducting focus groups (FGs) for qualitative research is an increasingly adopted approach in health-related research. The purpose of this narrative review aims to provide an overview of the quality of FGs in health-related research that are conducted using various audio–visual (AV)-enabled and web-conferencing approaches. Online databases searched were Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Four key concepts (qualitative health-related research, online platforms, platform analysis, and quality measures) were used. A consensus group method, and a review of user guides of three of the currently used online platforms (i.e., “WebEx”, “Zoom”, and “Microsoft Teams”) were employed to develop a set of specific core quality criteria for appraising online qualitative research studies. While various synchronous and asynchronous online FG approaches were utilized in health-related research, audio–visual (AV)-enabled, and web-conferencing approaches were comparable to conventional FGs. These platforms are associated with several advantages, such as spontaneity in responses through real-time interactions among researchers and participants. The developed quality assessment tool for online FGs included criteria such as maintaining the privacy of participants and confidentiality of data collected, appraising the potential selection bias due to technological and logistical requirements, and ensuring the presence of features for recording video and audio within the software. The validated quality criteria that are used to evaluate face-to-face qualitative studies can be applicable in online contexts. However, additional criteria targeting the new features of the online platforms should be considered as well. This review helps health-related researchers and research academic institutions to select the online platform that best addresses their research and institutional needs while maintaining good quality, time-efficient, and cost-effectiveness.
Highly multimode solitons in step-index optical fiber
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Bender Nicholas , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Wise Frank W. 
Published: September 2023

We report the generation of multimode solitons in step-index fibers. The solitons are superpositions of 5–10 temporally aligned transverse modes, they exhibit speckled beam profiles, and the spatio-spectral variation across the soliton can be complex. A greater understanding of multimode solitons should create a foundation for further research into complex multimode nonlinear phenomena in step-index fibers. With energies of tens of nanojoules and durations around 100 fs, the multimode solitons are speckled fields with peak powers that can exceed 300 kW, parameters that may be valuable in applications.
Comparing address practices in the Finnish and Hungarian “Got Talent” TV
programmes
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna , Vecsernyés Ildikó 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter compares address practices in “Got Talent”
TV programmes, in which contestants present their talents in front of a
jury. We aim to show how the judges address contestants and how these
practices differ in episodes of Finnish and Hungarian “Got Talent”. Our
study shows that T forms are favoured in both languages. Overall, the
repertoire of addressing is wider in the Hungarian dataset, in which both
T/V opposition and nominal forms are used to express increasing familiarity
between participants. On Finnish “Got Talent”, variation only emerges in the
frequency of personal pronouns and first names, used to make successful
contestants visible. Although television is a special context, address
practices on the “Got Talent” shows can reflect ongoing changes more
generally in address practices vis-à-vis informality.
Practices of person reference in Chinese and German interactions
Authors: Günthner Susanne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Referring to persons in interaction is a central human
practice (Enfield 2007: 97), which
is located at an intersection where cultural, linguistic, and interactional
conventions meet (Levinson
2005: 433). In this paper, I will analyse practices of “third person
reference forms” used by participants in Chinese and German SMS-, WeChat-
and WhatsApp-interactions. Both Chinese and German speakers make use of a
range of different types of third person reference forms to laterally
address their co-participants. I will argue that third person reference
forms do more than simply refer to one’s co-participant: Speakers employ
these practices as a “social index” (Silverstein 1976: 37) to contextualise various social meanings
which would be hidden in cases of “referring
simpliciter
” (Schegloff 1996). In addition to finding parallels in
the use of third person reference forms in our Chinese and German data, I
also detect differences in the employment of forms of addressing one’s
co-participants.
Don’t moan, it won’t make you feel better, granny! – Addressing older patients
Authors: Džanko Minka 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The focus of research in this comparative study lies on
nominal address practices between doctors and older patients in German and
Bosnian medical encounters. In this study we consider and compare the forms
of address as well as identify their pragmatic differences by contrasting
the Bosnian and German data. My research draws on interactional data
consisting of 15 recorded conversations between Bosnian and German doctors
and their elderly patients (65 and older). The data were examined and
compared by using Conversation Analysis and Ethnographic Discourse Analysis.
Our overall analysis shows a variety of differences between the data sets.
The German data are marked by the exclusive use of the formal V form and the
nominal form “Mrs./Mr. + surname” to address male and female patients. The
Bosnian data are characterised by an overall high use of the kinship term
“granny” to address the elderly female patients, as well as by a frequent
use of the first name. Certain address practices of the doctors go beyond
expressing politeness and/or friendliness, by contributing to face
threatening actions such as criticism of the patients. The frequency and
variety of such pragmatic routines differ and relate to socio-cultural norms
of the institutional encounters in Bosnian and German society.
A comparative study of nominal forms of address in metropolitan French
and British English service encounters
Authors: Gagne Christophe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates nominal forms of address in
metropolitan French and British English service encounters. The study
considers the different pragmatic functions they play in interaction,
examining their relational and organisational properties, combining a
politeness theoretic framework and a conversation analytic one. Nominal
forms of address play an important part in the management of the
interpersonal relationship between customer and shopkeeper. As
attention-getting devices, they can be used to delineate different phases of
the interaction. Although they frequently have the same function in both
linguacultures, they index different positions within the social order.
And the postcode darlin’. Vocative variation in service
encounters on the telephone in Northern England
Authors: Baumgarten Nicole 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chapter presents the results of an investigation of
vocative use in telephone service encounters in the British housing market.
The investigation is based on 300+ “mystery shopping” telephone calls placed
with real estate agents servicing four socio-economically different areas of a
city in northern England. The results show how the contrastiveness inherent in the address system is put to use in context-specific decisions about relationship and transaction management in telephone service encounters: Vocative use is nonreciprocal and restricted to estate agents. The
frequency of vocative use as well as choice of vocative type by estate
agents (first name, last name, honorific, endearment) is socio-economically
stratified and sensitive to socio-ethnic group membership projected through
callers’ accent and name. Variation in vocative type within individual calls
allows the agent to explicate an asymmetrical role relationship for the
purpose of transaction control.
Nominal address and introductions in three national varieties of
German
Authors: Schüpbach Doris , Hajek John , Kretzenbacher Heinz L. , Norrby Catrin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Using a large-scale survey, we explore reported nominal
address and introduction routines in first encounters at international
academic conferences. Our focus is on variation in such routines among
respondents originating in Germany, Austria and Switzerland in their first
language (L1) German and in English (L2 English, their second or further
language). In L1 German, introduction by first name and last name tends to
be the unmarked choice, with some national variation present. Similar
national variation exists in L2 English, albeit to a lesser extent, showing
some pragmatic transfer from the respondents’ L1 German variety to L2
English. In comparison to the results for L1 speakers of three national
varieties of English, the German L1 speakers’ emulated behaviour diverges
from their L1 behaviour without necessarily reflecting English L1 behaviour
in most cases.
Shape optimization of superconducting transmon qubits for low surface dielectric loss
Authors: Eun Sungjun , Park Seong Hyeon , Seo Kyungsik , Choi Kibum , Hahn Seungyong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Surface dielectric loss from superconducting transmon qubits is believed to be one of the dominant sources of decoherence. Reducing surface dielectric loss is crucial for achieving a high quality factor and a long relaxation time (T
1), which can be engineered by carefully changing the geometry of a transmon. In this paper, we present a shape-optimization approach to reduce surface dielectric loss in a transmon qubit. The capacitor pads and junction wires of transmons are shaped as spline curves and optimized through the finite-element method and a global optimization algorithm. We find that the participation ratio of capacitor pads and junction wires can be reduced by

15
%
−
18

% and

22
%
−
26

% compared to previous designs, while the overall footprint and anharmonicity are maintained at acceptable values. As a result, the two-level system-limited quality factor and the corresponding T
1 were increased by 21.6%.
Investigation on floating-gate field-effect transistor for logic-in-memory application
Authors: Kim Sueyeon , Cho Sangki , Choi Insoo , Kang Myounggon , Baik Seungjae , Jeon Jongwook 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present analysis results on the applicability of a previously introduced memory device, floating-gate field-effect transistor (FGFET), to a logic-in-memory (LiM) system for the first time. Device optimization and compact modeling were performed using a well-calibrated technology computer-aided design model and the results of applying LiM circuits were arranged. Device optimization in the 32 nm technology node was conducted by assessing the device performance in terms of memory window, retention time, and write speed. After device optimization, the operational characteristics were analyzed by applying the proposed compact model to a full adder (FA) circuit and a ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) circuit with LiM characteristics. Compared to FA and TCAM circuits composed of conventional FETs, the FGFET-based circuits demonstrated superior performance in terms of area and operating characteristics, implying that they offer significant potential for applications in silicon-based LiM technology.
Unusual critical behavior of Griffiths ferromagnet Ho2NiMnO6 at magnetic phase transition
Authors: Chakraborty Tirthankar , Elizabeth Suja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The critical behavior at the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition of a Griffiths ferromagnet, Ho2NiMnO6, is studied using modified Arrott plot, Kouvel–Fisher, and critical isotherm analysis. Here, we report a second-order phase transition and conclude from the estimated critical exponents that it is unusual and do not belong to conventional universality classes. However, they obey scaling relationships, which indicates the renormalization of interactions around the phase transition temperature. The presence of Griffiths phase in the system accounts for the unusual critical exponents observed.
Design of soft-magnetic shield in electromagnetic tomography
Authors: Liang Xiao , Wang Chao , Ye Jiamin , Luan Xinyu , Wang Ruichang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the electromagnetic tomography system, the soft-magnetic shield is employed to avoid external interference at low frequency. However, the influence of the soft-magnetic shield on the measurement lacks theoretical exploration, and the design of the soft-magnetic shield is arbitrary. To solve this problem, the effect of different thicknesses and locations of the soft-magnetic shield on the measurement is compared by numerical simulation. It is observed that the soft-magnetic shield not only enhances the boundary measurement data and sensitivity but also improves the quality and stability of the reconstructed images. The smaller the distance between the soft-magnetic shield and the pipe, or the bigger the thickness of the soft-magnetic shield, the better the improvement. The physical mechanism of the above results is explicated by the equivalent magnetic circuit analysis method. Based on the above investigation, the optimal structure of the soft-magnetic shield is designed, and it is verified by experiments.
Improved sub-milimeter range-verification method for proton therapy using a composite hadron tumour marker (HTM)
Authors: Kasanda E , Burbadge C , Bildstein V , Bélanger-Champagne C , Behnamian H , Höhr C , Mücher D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. The results of a follow-up experiment investigating a novel method for sub-milimetre range verification (RV) in proton therapy (PT) are presented. Approach. The method consists of implanting a hadron tumour marker (HTM) near the planned treatment volume, and measuring the γ-ray signals emitted as a result of activation by the proton beam. These signals are highly correlated with the energy of the beam impinging on the HTM and can provide an absolute measurement of the range of the beam relative to the position of the HTM, which is independent of any uncertainties in beam delivery. Main results. Three candidate HTM materials were identified and combined into a single composite HTM, which makes use of the strongest reaction in each material. The setup of the previous experiment was improved on by using high-purity germanium detectors to measure the γ-ray signal with a higher resolution than was previously achieved. A PMMA phantom was also used to simulate the γ-ray background from tissue activation. HTM RV using the data collected in this study yielded range measurements whose average deviation from the expected value was 0.13(22)mm. Significance. Range uncertainty in PT limits the prescribed treatment plan for cancer patients with large safety margins and constrains the direction of the proton beam in relation to any organ at risk. The sub-milimetre range uncertainty achieved in this study using HTM RV, if implemented clinically, would allow for a reduction in the size of safety margins, increasing the therapeutic window for PT.
BELFEM: a special purpose finite element code for the magnetodynamic modeling of high-temperature superconducting tapes
Authors: Messe Christian , Riva Nicolò , Viarengo Sofia , Giard Gregory , Sirois Frédéric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Predicting the performance and reliability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables and magnets is a critical component of their research and development process. Novel mixed finite element formulations, particularly the
h
-φ-formulation with thin-shell simplification, present promising opportunities for more efficient simulations of larger geometries. To make these new methods accessible in a flexible tool, we are developing the Berkeley Lab Finite Element Framework (BELFEM). This paper provides an overview of the relevant formulations, discusses the current state of the art, and discusses the main aspects of the BELFEM code structure. We validate a first 2D thin-shell implementation in BELFEM against selected benchmarks computed in COMSOL Multiphysics and compare the performance of our code with a comparable formulation in GetDP. We also outline the next steps in the development process, paving the way for more advanced and robust modeling capabilities.
Studying the STA effects on aluminium alloy joints by friction welding
Authors: Bakkiyaraj M , Ananth J , Sivamaran V , Nagarajan P K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the properties of joints fabricated by friction welding (FW) using AA6061-T6 and AA7075 as examples of both similar and dissimilar metals. It also looks at how heat treatment after welding affects the metallurgical characteristics of the joint. The heat treatment method under investigation combines solutionizing heat treatment with synthetic ageing (STA). The tensile characteristics, microhardness, and microstructure of the as-welded and STA-treated welded specimens are assessed in the paper using mechanical testing equipment and metallurgical characterization methods. The findings demonstrate that the joint characteristics are enhanced by precipitate nucleation occurring in the joint interface of the FW similar and dissimilar joint under STA treatment. On the other hand, the STA influence on the tensile strength (TS) of joints made with AA7075 was greater than that of similar joints made with AA6061-T6, as well as dissimilar joints made with both AA6061-T6 and AA7075. Additionally, after STA treatment, the similar joints showed a uniform distribution of hardness. However, in the dissimilar joint after STA treatment, the hardness dropped suddenly on the AA6061-T6 side, specifically from the partially deformed zone (PDZ) towards the heat affected zone (HAZ).
Classification of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on EEG signals using a EEG-Transformer model
∗
Authors: He Yuchao , Wang Xin , Yang Zijian , Xue Lingbin , Chen Yuming , Ji Junyu , Wan Feng , Mukhopadhyay Subhas Chandra , Men Lina , Tong Michael Chi Fai , Li Guanglin , Chen Shixiong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in adolescents that can seriously impair a person’s attention function, cognitive processes, and learning ability. Currently, clinicians primarily diagnose patients based on the subjective assessments of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, which can lead to delayed diagnosis of ADHD and even misdiagnosis due to low diagnostic efficiency and lack of well-trained diagnostic experts. Deep learning of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded from ADHD patients could provide an objective and accurate method to assist physicians in clinical diagnosis. Approach. This paper proposes the EEG-Transformer deep learning model, which is based on the attention mechanism in the traditional Transformer model, and can perform feature extraction and signal classification processing for the characteristics of EEG signals. A comprehensive comparison was made between the proposed transformer model and three existing convolutional neural network models. Main results. The results showed that the proposed EEG-Transformer model achieved an average accuracy of 95.85% and an average AUC value of 0.9926 with the fastest convergence speed, outperforming the other three models. The function and relationship of each module of the model are studied by ablation experiments. The model with optimal performance was identified by the optimization experiment. Significance. The EEG-Transformer model proposed in this paper can be used as an auxiliary tool for clinical diagnosis of ADHD, and at the same time provides a basic model for transferable learning in the field of EEG signal classification.
Controlling jumps through latches in small jumping robots
Authors: Divi Sathvik , St. Pierre Ryan , Foong Hui Min , Bergbreiter Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Small jumping robots can use springs to maximize jump performance, but they are typically not able to control the height of each jump owing to design constraints. This study explores the use of the jumper’s latch, the component that mediates the release of energy stored in the spring, as a tool for controlling jumps. A reduced-order model that considers the dynamics of the actuator pulling the latch and the effect of spring force on the latch is presented. This model is then validated using high speed video and ground reaction force measurements from a 4g jumper. Both the model and experimental results demonstrate that jump performance in small insect-inspired resource-constrained robots can be tuned to a range of outputs using latch mediation, despite starting with a fixed spring potential energy. For a fixed set of input voltages to the latch actuator, the results also show that a jumper with a larger latch radius has greater tunability. However, this greater tunability comes with a trade-off in maximum performance. Finally, we define a new metric, ‘Tunability Range,’ to capture the range of controllable jump behaviors that a jumper with a fixed spring compression can attain given a set of control inputs (i.e. latch actuation voltage) to choose from.
Urban moisture and dry islands: spatiotemporal variation patterns and mechanisms of urban air humidity changes across the globe
Authors: Huang Xinjie , Song Jiyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urbanization-induced atmospheric moisture changes, embodied as urban moisture island (UMI) and urban dry island (UDI) effects, are not as thoroughly understood as the urban heat island (UHI) effects, despite their significant influence on human comfort and well-being. This paper offers the first systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of global urban–rural humidity contrasts, aiming to advance our comprehension of the mechanisms, intensity, patterns, and implications of urban humidity changes. The meta-analysis compiles observational data from 34 studies across 33 cities. It reveals that mid-latitude cities predominantly exhibit moderate UMI and UDI effects, and cities with low mean annual precipitation and distinct dry/wet seasons, however, exhibit extreme UMI and UDI effects. The diurnal cycle analysis presents more pronounced UMI effects at night, largely due to increased evapotranspiration and delayed dewfall linked with UHI. On a seasonal scale, UDI effects dominate in spring, while UMI effects peak in winter for mid-latitude cities and in summer for low-latitude cities. In addition, city characteristics such as topography, morphology, and size significantly shape urban–rural humidity contrasts. Coastal cities are subject to sea-breeze circulation, importing moisture from sea to land, whereas mountainous cities can accumulate humidity and precipitation due to geographical barriers and vertical airflow. High-density urban areas generally experience heightened UMI effects due to restricted airflow and ventilation. Larger cities with higher populations contribute to increased UMI effects, particularly in winter, due to stronger anthropogenic moisture sources. This paper also discusses multi-dimensional humidity impacts and strategies for humidity-sensitive urban planning in the context of climate change. It identifies critical gaps in current research, paving the way for future exploration into urban humidity changes.