bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between cerebral small vessel disease, blood pressure, and remote ischemic lesions in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Szu-Ju , Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Lo Yen-Ling , Chen Ya-Fang , Tang Sung-Chun , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Tsai Li-Kai 
Published: April 2023

Background: Acute blood pressure (BP) reduction is the first-line treatment for acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); however, recent research suggests that intensive BP reduction along with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a risk factor for remote DWI lesions (RDWILs). We aimed to delineate the interplay between cSVD and BP reduction therapy on the risk of RDWILs. Methods: We enrolled 303 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging within 7 days after acute spontaneous ICH. RDWILs were categorized as occurring in borderzone (BZ) or non-BZ areas. We examined the effect of cSVD, acute BP reduction, and their interaction on RDWILs. Results: RDWILs were observed in 34 (11%) patients (59.8 ± 10.3-years-old, 24% male). RDWILs were associated with a larger acute weighted average mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduction in the initial 24 h after ICH onset and a higher total cerebral microbleed (CMB) count. Intensive MAP changes (odds ratio (OR) per 10 mmHg 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–3.20), total CMBs burden (OR per 10 CMBs 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.39), and presence of lobar CMBs (OR 7.33, 95% CI 1.59–55.6) were risk factors for RDWILs at BZ, but not at non-BZ. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between lobar CMBs and MAP reduction on increased risk of RDWILs at BZ ( p = 0.030). Conclusion: cSVD modulates the effect of acute BP reduction on the risk of RDWILs. Patients with extensive microangiopathy have a higher risk of developing cerebral ischemic changes in BZ during unstable hemodynamic status.
The Role of Ultrasonography in Evaluating the Function of the Vocal Cords, Post-Thyroidectomy
Authors: Tosun Yasin , Çetin Kenan , Karatay Emrah , İnanç Ömer Faruk , Akçakoca Gizem 
Published: April 2023

Objective: Although there are several methods to assess vocal cord (VC) paralysis, direct flexible laryngoscopy (DFL) is used as a main diagnostic modality. In recent years, transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasonography (TLUS) has emerged as an alternative method to evaluate VCs. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of TLUS in the evaluation of VCs, post-thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods: The study included 93 patients who had undergone thyroid surgery. All patients were examined using DFL, 1 to 3 days before surgery, to evaluate their VC functions. Patients were examined using DFL and TLUS on postoperative day 7. Patients’ age, sex, diagnosis, type of surgery, preoperative DFL findings, postoperative DFL, and TLUS findings were recorded. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPVs) were 75% (6/8), 98.66% (74/75), 85.71% (6/7), and 97.36% (74/76), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of TLUS was 97.96%. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.869, P value <.0001 (95% confidence inteval, 0.75–1.00), which indicated that TLUS was a good tool for identification of VC palsy in this cohort of post-thyroidectomy patients. Conclusion: This cohort study demonstrated that TLUS was a reliable diagnostic tool to evaluate VC functions in patients after thyroidectomy. It may be used as a safer alternative during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic due to the lack of human-originated aerosols.
Genetic subdivisions of follicular lymphoma defined by distinct coding and noncoding mutation patterns
Authors: Dreval Kostiantyn , Hilton Laura K. , Cruz Manuela , Shaalan Haya , Ben-Neriah Susana , Boyle Merrill , Collinge Brett , Coyle Krysta M. , Duns Gerben , Farinha Pedro , Grande Bruno M. , Meissner Barbara , Pararajalingam Prasath , Rushton Christopher K. , Slack Graham W. , Wong Jasper , Mungall Andrew J. , Marra Marco A. , Connors Joseph M. , Steidl Christian , Scott David W. , Morin Ryan D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) accounts for ∼20% of all new lymphoma cases. Increases in cytological grade are a feature of the clinical progression of this malignancy, and eventual histologic transformation (HT) to the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurs in up to 15% of patients. Clinical or genetic features to predict the risk and timing of HT have not been described comprehensively. In this study, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from 423 patients to compare the protein coding and noncoding mutation landscapes of untransformed FL, transformed FL, and de novo DLBCL. This revealed 2 genetically distinct subgroups of FL, which we have named DLBCL-like (dFL) and constrained FL (cFL). Each subgroup has distinguishing mutational patterns, aberrant somatic hypermutation rates, and biological and clinical characteristics. We implemented a machine learning–derived classification approach to stratify patients with FL into cFL and dFL subgroups based on their genomic features. Using separate validation cohorts, we demonstrate that cFL status, whether assigned with this full classifier or a single-gene approximation, is associated with a reduced rate of HT. This implies distinct biological features of cFL that constrain its evolution, and we highlight the potential for this classification to predict HT from genetic features present at diagnosis.
Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinase STK Confers Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Zhou Yanbiao , Zhang Zhihui , Zhao Xinhui , Liu Lan , Tang Qianying , Fu Jun , Tang Xiaodan , Yang Runqiu , Lin Jianzhong , Liu Xuanming , Yang Yuanzhu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Soil salinization is a major abiotic environmental stress factor threatening crop production throughout the world. Salt stress drastically affects the growth, development, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the improvement of rice tolerance to salt stress is a desirable approach for meeting increasing food demand. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play essential roles in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. However, little is known about their functions in salt stress. Previous reports have demonstrated that overexpression of an RLCK gene SALT TOLERANCE KINASE (STK) enhances salt tolerance in rice, and that STK may regulate the expression of GST (Glutathione S-transferase) genes.

Results
The expression of STK was rapidly induced by ABA. STK was highest expressed in the stem at the heading stage. STK was localized at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of STK in rice increased tolerance to salt stress and oxidative stress by increasing ROS scavenging ability and ABA sensitivity. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of STK increased the sensitivity of rice to salt stress and oxidative stress. Transcriptome sequencing analysis suggested that STK increased the expression of GST genes (LOC_Os03g17480, LOC_Os10g38140 and LOC_Os10g38710) under salt stress. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) suggested that four stress-related genes may be regulated by STK including OsABAR1, Os3BGlu6, OSBZ8 and OsSIK1.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that STK plays a positive regulatory role in salt stress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense and associated with the ABA signaling pathway in rice.
In-vitro validated methods for encoding digital data in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Authors: Mortuza Golam Md , Guerrero Jorge , Llewellyn Shoshanna , Tobiason Michael D. , Dickinson George D. , Hughes William L. , Zadegan Reza , Andersen Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is emerging as an alternative archival memory technology. Recent advancements in DNA synthesis and sequencing have both increased the capacity and decreased the cost of storing information in de novo synthesized DNA pools. In this survey, we review methods for translating digital data to and/or from DNA molecules. An emphasis is placed on methods which have been validated by storing and retrieving real-world data via in-vitro experiments.
Predicting disease genes based on multi-head attention fusion
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Lu Dianrong , Bi Xuehua , Zhao Kai , Yu Guanglei , Quan Na 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The identification of disease-related genes is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Most studies have focused on developing efficient and accurate computational methods to predict disease-causing genes. Due to the sparsity and complexity of biomedical data, it is still a challenge to develop an effective multi-feature fusion model to identify disease genes.

Results
This paper proposes an approach to predict the pathogenic gene based on multi-head attention fusion (MHAGP). Firstly, the heterogeneous biological information networks of disease genes are constructed by integrating multiple biomedical knowledge databases. Secondly, two graph representation learning algorithms are used to capture the feature vectors of gene-disease pairs from the network, and the features are fused by introducing multi-head attention. Finally, multi-layer perceptron model is used to predict the gene-disease association.

Conclusions
The MHAGP model outperforms all of other methods in comparative experiments. Case studies also show that MHAGP is able to predict genes potentially associated with diseases. In the future, more biological entity association data, such as gene-drug, disease phenotype-gene ontology and so on, can be added to expand the information in heterogeneous biological networks and achieve more accurate predictions. In addition, MHAGP with strong expansibility can be used for potential tasks such as gene-drug association and drug-disease association prediction.
Signatures in in vitro infection of NSC-34 mouse neurons and their cell nucleus with Rickettsia helvetica
Authors: Kask Lena , Påhlson Carl , Staxäng Karin , Nilsson Kenneth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Rickettsia helvetica, a spotted fever rickettsia, is transmitted to humans via ticks in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The central nervous system is a crucial target for rickettsial diseases, which has been reported for 12 of the 31 species, of which R. helvetica is one. This study aimed, in an experimental model, to identify characteristics of R. helvetica infection in a mouse neuronal cell line, NSC-34.

Results
NSC-34, a fusion cell line of mouse motor spinal cord neurons and neuroblastoma cells, was used as a model. Propagation of R. helvetica in neurons was confirmed. Short actin tails were shown at the polar end of the bacteria, which makes it likely that they can move intracellularly, and even spread between cells. Another protein, Sca4, which with the cell adhesion protein vinculin enables the passage of the cell membrane, was expressed during infection. No significant increase in TNFα levels was seen in the infected neurons, which is of interest because TNFα protects the host cell from infection-induced apoptotic death which is crucial for host cell survival. The bacteria were also shown to invade and grow in the cell nucleus of the neuron.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that a R. helvetica infection may be harmful to NSC-34 neurons under these in vitro conditions, but the full effects of the infection on the cell need to be studied further, also on human neurons, to also understand the possible significance of this infection in relation to pathogenetic mechanisms.
Susceptibility antibiotic screening reveals high rates of multidrug resistance of Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter in HIV infected and uninfected patients from Mozambique
Authors: Hlashwayo Delfina F , Noormahomed Emília V , Bahule Leonilde , Benson Constance A , Schooley Robert T , Sigaúque Betuel , Barrett Kim E , Bila Custódio G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Antibacterial resistance is a growing concern worldwide, including in Mozambique. Diarrhea is an important cause of mortality in Mozambique, yet few local studies have reported on the resistance of bacterial pathogens in this context. Therefore, this study aims to characterize antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter spp. among patients with diarrhea, including those who are HIV-infected and-uninfected.

Methods
We conducted antibiotic susceptibility testing on 157 stool isolates recovered from 129 patients aged between 0 and 80 years with diarrhea, including HIV infected (n = 68) and-uninfected individuals (n = 61), assisted at two health centers in Maputo city. The isolates comprised of 99 Salmonella, 45 Shigella and 13 Campylobacter strains. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used on Mueller-Hinton II agar for Salmonella and Shigella spp., while Mueller-Hinton II agar with 5% defibrinated sheep blood was used for Campylobacter spp. We tested six antibiotics listed on the national essential medicines list, including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and tetracycline.

Results
All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. A high percentage of Salmonella spp. isolates were found to be resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (89.9%, n = 89), erythromycin (88.9%, n = 88) and tetracycline (76.8%, n = 76). In addition, 86.6% (n = 39) and 68.9% (n = 31) of Shigella isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. The majority of Campylobacter isolates (92.3%, n = 12) were resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin and tetracycline. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 79.8% of Salmonella spp., 76.9% of Campylobacter spp., and 57.8% of Shigella spp. Drug susceptibility profiles for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter were similar in both HIV-1 infected and uninfected patients. However, Shigella spp. isolates obtained from patients without HIV infection were significantly more likely to be resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin or to exhibit multidrug resistance than those obtained from patients with HIV-1 infection (p < 0.05). All Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. isolates were susceptible to gentamicin.

Conclusion
Our study highlights concerning rates of antibiotic resistance and MDR among diarrheal bacterial pathogens in Mozambique. Further research is needed to understand the impact of HIV, ART therapy and immunosuppression on antibiotic resistance. Urgent interventions are essential to prevent the spread of resistant strains.
Protocol of a randomized controlled trial investigating Deep Brain Stimulation for MOtor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease DEmentia (DBS-MODE)
Authors: Sisodia V. , Swinnen B. E. K. S. , Dijk J. M. , Verwijk E. , van Rooijen G. , Lemstra A. W. , Schuurman P. R. , de Bie R. M. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established treatment for disabling motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that persist despite optimal pharmacological treatment. Currently, DBS is not performed if there is concomitant significant cognitive impairment based on concerns of cognitive deterioration, higher complication rate and less functional improvement. However, this has not been investigated so far.MethodsA single center, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point (PROBE design) pilot clinical trial is being performed. Patients are eligible for the trial if they have PD dementia (PDD), are able to provide informed consent, and experience disabling motor response fluctuations, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, or painful dystonia, despite optimal pharmacological treatment. In total 44 patients will be randomized to either STN-DBS accompanied by best medical treatment (DBS group) or to best medical treatment alone (BMT group). The primary outcome measure is the change from baseline to 30 weeks on the Movement Disorder Society—Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III score in a standardized off-drug phase. The main secondary outcome measures consist of scales assessing cognitive aspects of daily living, neuropsychiatric symptoms and impulsive compulsive disorders. Additional secondary outcome measures include motor signs during on-drug phase, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, cognitive performance, (severe) adverse events, treatment satisfaction, and caregiver burden. Patients will be followed during 52 weeks after randomization.DiscussionThe Deep Brain Stimulation for MOtor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease DEmentia (DBS-MODE) trial directly compares the effectiveness and safety of DBS with BMT in patients with PDD.Trial registrationThe DBS-MODE trial has been registered in the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (NL9361) on the 24thof March 2021 (https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NL9361).
Tumor-infiltrating CD36+CD8+T cells determine exhausted tumor microenvironment and correlate with inferior response to chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ao Yong-Qiang , Gao Jian , Zhang Ling-Xian , Deng Jie , Wang Shuai , Lin Miao , Wang Hai-Kun , Ding Jian-Yong , Jiang Jia-Hao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The scavenger receptor CD36 was reported to be highly expressed on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, but the clinical role remains obscure. This study aims to explore the infiltration and clinical value of CD36+CD8+ T cells in NSCLC.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted for survival analyses and immunological evaluation in 232 NSCLC patients in Zhongshan Hospital. Flow cytometry analyses were carried out to assess the immune cells from fresh tumor samples, non-tumor tissues and peripheral blood. In vitro tumor infiltrating lymphocytes cultures were conducted to test the effect of CD36 blockage.

Results
Accumulation of CD36+CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues was correlated with more advanced stage (p < 0.001), larger tumor size (p < 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001) in NSCLC. Moreover, high infiltration of CD36+CD8+ T cells indicated poor prognosis in terms of both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and inferior chemotherapy response. CD36+CD8+ T cells showed decreased GZMB (p < 0.0001) and IFN-γ (p < 0.001) with elevated PD-1 (p < 0.0001) and TIGIT (p < 0.0001). Analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell landscape revealed a positive correlation between CD36+CD8+ T cells and Tregs (p < 0.01) and M2-polarized macrophages (p < 0.01) but a negative correlation with Th1 (p < 0.05). Notably, inhibition of CD36 partially restored the cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells by producing more GZMB and IFN-γ.

Conclusion
CD36+CD8+ T cells exhibit impaired immune function and high infiltration of CD36+CD8+ T cells indicated poor prognosis and inferior chemotherapy response in NSCLC patients. CD36 could be a therapeutic target in combination with chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Clinical outcomes of implantation of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for pathologic and non-pathologic myopia
Authors: Caixia Lin , Yawen Bai , Yuxin Fang , Xiaoxia Li , Yuhan Wang , Ke Yang , Liya Qiao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
To compare the clinical outcomes of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation for non-pathological myopia and pathological myopia.

Methods
This retrospective case series study which were conducted in Beijing Tongren Eye Center between July 2017 and Oct 2021 comprised 192 eyes of 100 consecutive patients undergoing pIOL implantation. Eyes were divided into two groups based on having pathological myopia or not. Predictability, efficacy, safety, and adverse events were compared at 6 months after pIOL implantation.

Results
Our study included 86 non-pathological myopes (171 eyes, group1) and 14 pathological myopes (21eyes, group2) to analysis. The average ages were 25.5 and 33.0, respectively, and the spherical equivalent (SE) were -9.31D and -17.50D pre-operation. Six months after pIOL implantation, the SE were 0.00 and -0.50, respectively, and the refraction changes were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Six months after surgery, 76.92% and 80.41% were within ± 0.50 D of the target and 92.31% and 95.88% were within ± 1.00 D. All eyes had unchanged BCVA or gained 1 or more lines in both groups and mean BCVA both improved a line 6m after operation. The efficacy index in the two groups were 0.95 and 0.88 and the safety index were 1.20, 1.33, respectively which was significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). Over the 6-month follow-up, no cataract, pigment dispersion glaucoma, pupillary block, or other vision-threatening complications happened, either.

Conclusions
The pIOL performed well for the correction of both non-pathological and pathological myopia throughout the 6-month observation period. The clinical outcomes of pIOL implantation for non-pathological myopia are essentially equivalent to those for pathological myopia.
Multicolored MIS-C, a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Varga Petra , Balajthy András , Biró Erika , Bíró Bernadett , Reiger Zsolt , Szikszay Edit , Mogyorósy Gábor , Káposzta Rita , Szabó Tamás 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory parameters that can predict the severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) at admission.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, partly retrospective, partly prospective, observational cohort study between November 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, which included patients aged from 1 month to 19 years, meeting the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C. We categorized the patients into three subgroups based on clinical and laboratory markers and assessed the predictive value of these factors in terms of ICU administration and cardiac abnormalities.

Results
53 patients were classified in the following subgroups: Kawasaki-like disease (group 1) (47.2%, n = 25), shock with or without acute cardiac dysfunction (group 2) (32%, n = 17), fever and inflammation (group 3) (20.8%, n = 11). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with shock and KD at initial presentation had significantly more severe manifestation of MIS-C requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Of the initial laboratory values, only CRP showed a significant difference between the 3 clinical groups, being lower in group 3. 52.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU. The median length of ICU stay was 3 days (range 3–20). ICU admission was more likely in patients with shortness of breath, renal failure (AKI) and patients with significantly increased concentrations of ferritin, D-dimer, INR and significantly milder increase concentration of fibrinogen. We found that fibrinogen and ferritin levels are independent risk factors for ICU admission. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 56.6% of total (30/53), with the following findings: decreased left ventricular function (32%), coronary abnormality (11.3%), pericardial effusion (17%), arrhythmia (32.1%) and mitral regurgitation (26.6%). Diarrhea and conjunctivitis at the initial presentation with significantly elevated CRP, Pro-BNP and blood pH concentrations were found to be a potential predisposing factor for decreased cardiac function while Pro-BNP and pH were independent risk factors for MIS-C. Regardless of the initial symptoms of MIS-C, the outcome was generally favorable.

Conclusions
Clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory values ​​may help identify patients at increased risk for severe disease outcome, such as need for intensive care, presence of shock and decreased cardiac function.

Trial registration
Participation consent was not reqired and ethical considerations were unnecessary, since we did not perform any extra interventions, only the necessary and usual therapeutic and diagnostic methods were used.