bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Voltage studies in the new GE1/1 GEM station at CMS experiment
Authors: Di Fraia Carlo ,   the CMS Muon group
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Part of the muon upgrade of the CMS Experiment for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider consists of three new GEM stations, GE1/1, GE2/1 and ME0. The purpose of these stations is to increase the redundancy of the CMS muon spectrometer in the forward endcap regions and to extend the acceptance of the detector up to a pseudorapidity |η| ∼ 2.8 with the ME0 station. To achieve this result, these detectors must be able to withstand the background radiation of the installation environment, with a rate capability of up to 150 kHz/cm2.
The first station, GE1/1, was installed during the Long Shutdown 2. Since the start of Run 3 in 2022, GE1/1 has been active in CMS operations and data acquisition; this will be the focus of this work. The presence of high radiation in the area where the detector operates is a challenge for the High-Voltage system, since a large charge has to be handled without reducing the effective gain of the detector. This phenomenon leads to a drop in the effective voltage applied and therefore voltage compensation must be applied to have a stable gain. We quantify this effect by measuring the currents flowing in the High-Voltage system of GE1/1 detectors and comparing them with the observed particle hit-rate measured in the same chambers, as a function of LHC beam luminosity. This study, based on data provided by detectors already installed in CMS, aims to test the performance of detectors in terms of rate capability in order to help the development of the GE1/1 station and to support the development and to highlight the operational needs of the next two stations to be built, GE2/1 and ME0.
TCAD simulation of stitching for passive CMOS strip detectors
Authors: Baselga M. , Arling J-H. , Davis N. , Dingfelder J. , Gregor I.M. , Hauser M. , Hügging F. , Jakobs K. , Karagounis M. , Koppenhöfer R. , Kröninger K. , Lex F. , Parzefall U. , Sari B. , Spannagel S. , Sperlich D. , Weingarten J. , Zatocilova I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most of the tracking detectors for high energy particle experiments are filled with silicon detectors since they are radiation hard, they can give very small spatial resolution and they can take advantage of the silicon electronics foundries' developments and production lines.

Strip detectors are very useful to cover large areas for tracking purposes, while consuming less power per area compared to pixel sensors. The majority of particle physics experiments use conventional silicon strip detectors fabricated in foundries that do not use stitching, relying on a very small number of foundries worldwide that can provide large amounts of strip detectors. Fabricating strip detectors in a CMOS foundry opens the possibility to use more foundries and to include active elements in the strips for future productions. For the passive CMOS strip detectors project we fabricated strip detectors in a CMOS foundry using two 1 cm2 reticles that are stitched together along the wafer.
The fabricated strips stitched the reticles three and five times, and it was shown that the performance of those strips is not affected by the stitching.

This paper shows 3D TCAD simulations of the stitching area to investigate the possible effects stitching can have on the performance of the strip detectors, considering different stitching mismatches. We will show that the mismatch of stitched structures up to 1 µm does not impact the performance with TCAD simulations which agrees with the results obtained from the measurements.
Design proposal for an ionisation chamber as a secondary standard for eye lens dosimetry
Authors: Mihailescu Liviu-Cristian , González-Castaño Diego Miguel , Derlacinski Michal , Schoonjans Werner 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a system to directly measure Hp
(3) quantity both in calibration conditions at laboratories and at arbitrary conditions at irradiation facilities. A commercial ionisation chamber is inserted in a spherical phantom of PMMA such that the system achieves a relatively constant response in terms of Hp
(3) and matches the requirements for a secondary standard for Hp
(3) quantity. The Hp
(3) ionisation chamber was characterized in a dosimetry calibration laboratory under reference conditions and then, as a proof of concept, it was also tested in a work place field at an interventional cardiology department from a hospital. The design method and the measurement results are presented.
Development of a high-resolution, high-dynamic-range charge detector for ion beam monitoring
Authors: Adriani O. , Berti E. , Betti P. , Casaus J. , D'Alessandro R. , Detti S. , Diaz C. , Marin J. , Martinez G. , Mori N. , Pacini L. , Pizzolotto C. , Tiberio A. , Scaringella M. , Starodubtsev O. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We present an innovative charge detector with high
resolution and wide dynamic range designed to fulfill the
requirements of a monitoring system for a high energy ion beam. The
detector prototype, constructed using Si photodiodes and a custom
readout electronics, underwent extensive testing during HERD and AMS
beam tests at CERN SPS facilities. Initial testing showcased the
detector's exceptional performance, emphasizing both high resolution
and a dynamic range capable of measuring nuclei with atomic numbers
ranging from 1 to 80. The prototype's compatibility with fast, quasi
real-time data analysis qualifies it as an ideal candidate for
online applications. This article presents the results from the
testing phase of the prototype, highlighting its capabilities and
performance. Ongoing detector development, potential applications,
and future developments aimed at enhancing the detector's
functionality and versatility are also discussed.
Geant4-based technical simulation study of plastic scintillators for Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS)
Authors: Boras D. , Petschke D. , Staab T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The influence of detector setup configuration and scintillator material choice on spectrum quality in Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) is fundamentally acknowledged primarily by empirical observation. However, this study quantifies the effects of ultra-fast plastic scintillators (BC422Q) within a conventional collinear (180-degree) detector setup used in the laboratory using the Geant4 simulation toolkit. We examine the impact of the scintillator's dimension and geometry (truncated cone vs. cylinder) on the detection efficiency for specific gamma-ray energies (1274 keV and 511 keV) and their proportion of corrupt events such as backscattering or multiple detections. Results indicate that the selection of scintillator dimension and shape significantly enhances detection efficiency albeit with an increase in corrupt events. Furthermore, we investigate the influence on the instrument response function (IRF) of the scintillators, showing how truncated cones offer superior precision and, thus, a narrower IRF compared to cylindrical shapes.

Additionally, the effect of the sample material itself, in the case of a truncated cone as the scintillator shape, on the scintillator response was studied. It is observed that with an increasing atomic number of the sample the detection efficiency substantially decreases while the proportion of corrupt events also diminishes. Despite the sample material's influence on the energy of gamma-quanta interacting with the scintillator, no measurable impact on the IRF was detected for the chosen windows of the pulse height spectra.

This investigation encourages a profound examination of the influences on spectrum quality in PALS measurements using Geant4 as a simulation tool highlighting the critical balance between detection efficiency and corrupt event frequencies.
Acceptance of global positioning system (GPS) technology among artisanal fishers in the Central Region, Ghana: An extended technology acceptance model
Authors: Asante Isaac Kwasi , Kassah Jemimah Etornam , Ocran John Kwesi , Badu Eugenia B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The study examined the acceptance of global positioning system (GPS) technology among artisanal fishers in the Central Region of Ghana using the extended technology acceptance model. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 161 artisanal fishers using multistage sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and partial least squares structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. The results indicate that perceived usefulness and subjective norm significantly predicted 31% of the variation in behavioral intention of the fishers to adopt the GPS technology for fishing activities. Behavioral intention on the other hand accounted for 5% of the variance in the use behavior of the fishers in the Central Region. Therefore, extension agents should leverage on the inherent capabilities of the GPS technology, and the influence of family, friends, and canoe owners to improve on the adoption of the technology in order to improve on productivity, performance, and the effectiveness of fishing among artisanal fishers in the Central Region.
Report of a prostate abscess mistakenly diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Wu Zhihuang , Zhang Minjie , Wu Yangbiao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Given the intricacy involved in diagnosing prostatic abscess and the associated risk of severe complications, we present a case involving a 72-year-old male patient initially suspected of urinary retention due to benign prostatic enlargement, only to reveal multiple prostatic abscesses during surgical intervention. The objective is to raise awareness among clinicians regarding the potential presence of latent prostatic abscess and to prevent the occurrence of serious complications. Timely implementation of aggressive antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage has been shown to significantly enhance patient prognosis and mitigate the risk of serious complications.
Recalcitrant tinea capitis in WHIM syndrome
Authors: Meltzer Jasmine C , Strong Jennifer , Martinez Sophia , Salancy Abigail , Adhanom Rutha , Cowen Edward W , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Murphy Philip M , McDermott David H , Brownell Isaac 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
WHIM syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency typically caused by autosomal dominant activating mutations in the CXCR4 gene. WHIM refers to warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis, which are the primary phenotypes of the syndrome. Here we describe a case of tinea capitis in a patient with WHIM syndrome that was unresponsive to multiple systemic antifungal treatments for over 10 years. The patient’s recalcitrant tinea infection was ultimately cured after treatment with posaconazole. These findings suggest that the CXCR4 defects in WHIM syndrome may confer susceptibility to dermatophyte infections.
Sonographer Experiences of Interprofessional Ultrasound Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Cormack Carolynne J. , Childs Jessie , Kent Fiona 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) technology has evolved rapidly and is being embraced by many health professionals as a valuable clinical tool. Sonographers are now teaching ultrasound skills to other health professionals in the clinical setting, including doctors, nurses, midwives, paramedics, and physiotherapists. The purpose of this study was to understand the breadth of the opportunities, transitions, and challenges experienced by sonographer educators navigating new interprofessional teaching roles.

Methods:
Sonographers, who had participated in an initial phase Delphi study defining sonographer competencies in POCUS education, were invited to participate in a follow-up interview. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the interview data were thematically analyzed to understand the experiences and perceptions of participants.

Results:
Twenty sonographer educators were interviewed. Participants were clinically experienced sonographers from Australia and New Zealand with diverse professional experience in clinical teaching, university academic, ultrasound leadership, health management, and corporate roles. The transition to teaching interprofessional cohorts of learners in different clinical settings was substantial. The experiences of sonographers undertaking these new roles were described under the themes of “sonographer perceptions”; “educator knowledge”; “understanding learners”; “teaching dynamics”; and “ultrasound evolution.”

Conclusion:
This study is the first to describe the experiences of sonographers engaged in interprofessional POCUS teaching. The results provide insight into the training needs of sonographers in this emerging area and will be used to inform the development of continuing education resources.
Simplified Technique for Correcting Intraocular Lens Decentration in Scleral-Sutured Fixation Surgery
Authors: Shi Jiemei , Zong Yuan , Wu Kaicheng , Jiang Chunhui 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To describe a simplified technique for correcting intraocular lens (IOL) decentration during scleral-sutured IOL fixation surgery.

Methods:
During surgery, Purkinje images were utilized to assess IOL positioning. A straightforward IOL decentration adjustment technique was employed when necessary. Patients in whom IOL position were corrected and who were followed up for at least three months after surgery were included in the study.

Results:
From June 2023 to February 2024, six patients with noticeable IOL decentration were successfully treated using this technique. After a mean follow-up of 3.17 ± 0.37 months, there was a significant change in spherical equivalent (preoperative +10.55 ± 2.48 D, postoperative -1.58 ± 2.19 D). While the best-corrected visual acuity, refractive cylinder, intraocular pressure, and corneal endothelium density remained unchanged. Importantly, the IOL was well-centered in all six patients, with average horizontal and vertical IOL decentration of 0.21 ± 0.16 mm and 0.20 ± 0.15 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:
This simple IOL decentration correction technique demonstrated favorable results and may enhance IOL positioning in scleral fixation procedures.
Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Novel Scleral Fixation of the Light Adjustable Lens
Authors: Ton Nhuong-Sao , Kruger Matthew , Adam Murtaza K. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The light adjustable lens (LAL) (RxSight, Aliso Viejo, CA) is a premium intraocular lens that allows for correction of residual refractive error and astigmatism following implantation. Herein, we describe the surgical approach and evaluate the visual outcomes of patients following scleral fixation of the LAL.

Methods:
Retrospective, single-surgeon surgical case series of 3 patients (3 eyes) with intraocular lens complications, who underwent combined pars plana vitrectomy and sutureless needle assisted intrascleral haptic fixation of the LAL between April 2022, to August 2023.

Results:
A total of 3 patients (73.3 ± 4.4 years) underwent off-label application of sutureless intrascleral haptic fixation of the LAL. Indications for surgery included pseudophacodonesis (N=1), dislocated subluxed IOL with secondary vitreous hemorrhage (N=1), and multifocal IOL intolerance (N=1). Preoperative average visual acuity of 0.2 ± 0.1 (20/30) LogMAR improved to 0.03 ± 0.03 LogMAR (20/20) at 1 month follow-up after LAL ultraviolet light treatments. Preoperative sphere of +0.25 ± 0.9 improved to +0.0 ± 0.0 and preoperative cylinder of +0.4 ± 0.4 improved to +0.0 ± 0.0 postoperatively. No surgical complications were noted.

Conclusion:
Scleral fixation of the LAL is a viable option for eyes without capsular support to maximize postoperative uncorrected visual acuity outcomes.
Drusen Regression Following Macular Hole Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Berzack Shannan , Parekh Prashant K. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To report a case of drusen regression following pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peel (ILMP) in a patient with a full-thickness macular hole and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
A 67-year-old gentleman presented in April 2024 with a full-thickness macular hole in OS and intermediate dry AMD OU. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy, ILMP, and an injection of sulfur hexafluoride gas for macular hole repair in OS. The patient’s macular changes were monitored through visual acuity, fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at baseline and follow-up visits.

Results:
The macular hole was closed and there was early stability of the macular drusen in OU. At a five-month follow-up in September 2024, he reported improved vision from 20/100 baseline to 20/40. Fundus examination as well as OCT imaging demonstrated a significant reduction of macular drusen in the operated eye, which was not observed in the fellow eye.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates successful surgical management of a full-thickness macular hole in a patient with concomitant drusen regression. The regression of drusen was limited to the operated eye, which suggests that surgical interventions may influence the course of AMD in certain patients.
Impact of Glaucoma Surgery on Corneal Graft Survival After Keratoplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tawfik Abdelrahman M. , Kasem Rawan A. , Wesh Zeyad M. , Abo Daif Sara M. , Elmansoury Abdulla Aly , Korish Raouf , Bazzazeh Mohammad , Chen Kai-Yang , Ramadan Alaa , Attalla Almoatazbellah A. , GabAllah Nada M. 
Published: January 2025

Precis:
Glaucoma surgery impacts corneal graft survival differently by procedure type, with GDDs being most effective at reducing intraocular pressure. However, graft survival rates are comparable across trabeculectomy, CPC, and GDDs. Trabeculectomy improves visual acuity best but often requires additional interventions.

Purpose:
To investigate the impact of different glaucoma procedures on corneal graft survival and corneal endothelium health.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, to identify eligible studies. Studies were included based on predetermined criteria. The primary outcome was corneal graft survival, and secondary outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, antiglaucoma medications, additional glaucoma surgery, and postoperative complications. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed using the (I2) test.

Results:
Our results included 27 studies involving 905 patients were analyzed. However, there were no randomized comparative studies. The overall proportion of corneal graft survival at last follow-up was 66.4%, with the three subgroups of trabeculectomy, cyclophotocoagulation (CPC), and Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) showing similar survival rates of 66.6%, 64.8%, and 65.6%, respectively. Short term graft survival (6 months) was similar across groups, however 2-year survival favoured trabeculectomy. GDDs were the most effective in reducing IOP with an average reduction of 21.4 mmHg compared to 18.9 mmHg for trabeculectomy and 14.8 mmHg for CPC. CPC yielded the best improvement in visual acuity reported as BCVA. GDD required the fewest postoperative antiglaucoma medications. Trabeculectomy had the highest proportion of patients needing additional surgery for glaucoma. The most common complications were hypotony, uveitis and tube obstruction.

Conclusion:
There were no significant differences in corneal graft survival rates among various glaucoma surgical techniques, but these findings must be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of primary research. GDDs effectively reduced IOP and minimized the need for antiglaucoma medications. Trabeculectomy may be associated with the greatest visual acuity improvement but may carry a higher likelihood of requiring further glaucoma surgery.
Mechanisms of increased pain discrimination by contingent reinforcement: a perceptual decision-making and instrumental learning account
Authors: Hubschmid Fabrice , Flury Melissa Luna , Löffler Martin , Desch Simon , Becker Susanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent evidence highlights that monetary rewards can increase the precision at which healthy human volunteers can detect small changes in the intensity of thermal noxious stimuli, contradicting the idea that rewards exert a broad inhibiting influence on pain perception. This effect was stronger with contingent rewards compared with noncontingent rewards, suggesting a successful learning process. In the present study, we implemented a model comparison approach that aimed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie thermal noxious discrimination in humans. In a between-subject design, 54 healthy human volunteers took part in a pain discrimination task with monetary rewards either contingent or noncontingent on successful discrimination of small changes in the intensity painful heat stimulation. We used models from 2 traditions in decision-making research, perceptual decision-making, and instrumental learning. Replicating the previous findings, only rewards contingent on behavior enhanced pain discrimination. Drift diffusion modelling revealed increased sensory signal strength and decreased response caution and nondecision times as mechanisms underlying this effect of contingent rewards on pain discrimination. In addition, reinforcement learning models indicated a temporal evolution of discriminative abilities reflected by a trial-by-trial increase of perceived signal strength only with contingent rewards but not with noncontingent rewards. Modelling of separate learning rates for positive and negative prediction errors indicated that this temporal evolution of discriminative abilities was driven by positive reward prediction errors. These results might indicate increased sensitivity towards better-than-expected outcomes in the temporal adaptation of pain discrimination abilities to a rewarding context in humans.
Incidence of chronic pelvic pain after childbirth and its causal association with C-section
Authors: Sousa Shimamura Lia Keiko , Bettiol Heloisa , Moura da Silva Antonio Augusto , Nogueira Antonio Alberto , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Rosa-e-Silva Júlio César , Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to report the incidence of chronic pelvic pain in women 12 to 24 months postpartum, to identify the independently associated factors, and to conduct a causal inference with C-section as the exposure. This was a cross-sectional study nested within 2 distinct prospective cohorts from 2 Brazilian cities. Chronic pelvic pain was the dependent variable. Independent variables were collected. Fisher exact test or Pearson χ2 test and t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test were performed as appropriate, with P-values adjusted. Data were assumed to be missing at random, and multivariate imputation by chained equations was performed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using complete cases. Multicollinearity was assessed by computing the variance inflation factor. Binomial logistic regression was used to obtain an interpretable model. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used as measurements. A directed acyclic graph was used for causal inference. A total of 2160 women were included. The incidence of chronic pelvic pain was 12.7%. C-sections doubled the odds of developing chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Additional factors associated with increased odds included city of birth, feelings of discrimination, severe symptoms of anxiety, dissatisfaction with the care received during childbirth, and mental suffering. Women who underwent C-sections had a 6.1% higher incidence of CPP compared to those who did not undergo the procedure. The incidence of CPP postpartum is high, and there is a potential causal effect of C-sections. City of birth, discrimination, anxiety, dissatisfaction with the care, and mental suffering were also associated with an increased odds.