bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Tranexamic Acid Use and Heterotopic Ossification Prevalence After Elbow Trauma Surgery
Authors: Liu Hang , Li Juehong , Hu Yuehao , Guo Jingyi , Lou Tengfei , Luo Gang , Chen Shuai , Wang Wei , Ruan Hongjiang , Sun Ziyang , Fan Cunyi 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication of elbow trauma that can affect limb mobility. Inflammation is an initiating factor for HO formation. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce the inflammatory response after orthopaedic surgery. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of TXA use for HO prevention after elbow trauma surgery is lacking.

Methods:
This retrospective observational propensity-score-matched (PSM) cohort study was conducted from July 1, 2019, to June 30, 2021, at the National Orthopedics Clinical Medical Center, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. A total of 640 patients who underwent surgery following elbow trauma were evaluated. The present study excluded patients with an age of <18 years; those with a history of elbow fracture; those with a central nervous system injury, spinal cord injury, burn injury, or destructive injury; and those who had been lost to follow-up. After 1:1 matching on the basis of sex, age, dominant arm, injury type, open injury, comminuted fracture, ipsilateral trauma, time from injury to surgery, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, the TXA group and the no-TXA group comprised 241 patients each.

Results:
In the PSM population, the prevalence of HO was 8.71% in the TXA group and 16.18% in the no-TXA group (with rates of 2.07% and 5.80% for clinically important HO, respectively). Logistic regression analyses showed that TXA use was associated with a lower rate of HO (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.86; p = 0.014) than no TXA use, as well as with a lower rate of clinically important HO (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.91; p = 0.044). None of the baseline covariates significantly affected the relationship between TXA use and HO rate (p > 0.05 for all). Sensitivity analyses supported these findings.

Conclusions:
TXA prophylaxis may be an appropriate method for the prevention of HO following elbow trauma.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Risk of Aseptic Revision and Periprosthetic Fracture Following Bipolar Versus Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Okike Kanu , Royse Kathryn E. , Singh Gurpreet , Zeltser David W. , Prentice Heather A. , Paxton Elizabeth W. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Hemiarthroplasty is currently the most common treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. While bipolar hemiarthroplasty was developed to reduce the risk of acetabular erosion that is associated with traditional unipolar hemiarthroplasty, meta-analyses have reported similar outcomes for bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty devices. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the risks of aseptic revision and periprosthetic fracture following bipolar versus unipolar hemiarthroplasty in a large integrated health-care system in the United States.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the hip fracture registry of an integrated health-care system. Patients aged ≥60 years who underwent hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture between 2009 and 2019 were included. The primary outcome measure was aseptic revision, and the secondary outcome measure was revision for periprosthetic fracture. Cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, with mortality considered as a competing event. In the multivariable analysis, estimates were adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, femoral fixation, surgeon volume, type of anesthesia, and discharge disposition.

Results:
The study sample included 13,939 patients who had been treated with hemiarthroplasty by 498 surgeons at 35 hospitals. The mean follow-up time was 3.7 ± 2.9 years. The overall incidence of aseptic revision at 5 years following hemiarthroplasty was 2.8% (386). In the multivariable analysis controlling for potential confounders, bipolar hemiarthroplasty was associated with a lower risk of aseptic revision than unipolar hemiarthroplasty (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.94; p = 0.012). Rates of revision for periprosthetic fracture were similar between the bipolar and unipolar devices (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58 to 1.10; p = 0.16).

Conclusions:
In this study of hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture in elderly patients, bipolar designs were associated with a lower risk of aseptic revision than unipolar designs. In contrast to prior research, we did not find any difference in the risk of periprosthetic fracture between the 2 designs.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Study the Chemical Bonding of Heterometallic Trinuclear Cluster Containing Cobalt and Ruthenium: [(Cp*Co) (CpRu)2 (μ3-H) (μ-H)3] using QTAIM Approach
Authors: Hassan Ahlam Hussein , Al-Ibadi Muhsen Abood Muhsen 
Published: June 2023

المعلمات الطوبولوجية لتأثرات بين معدن-معدن ومعدن-ليكاند في العنقودي ثلاثي النوى رباعي الهيدريد [(Cp*Co) (CpRu)2 (μ3-H) (μ-H)3]1 (Cp* = η5 -C5Me4Et), (Cp = η5 -C5Me5)، باستخدام نظرية الكم للذرات في الجزيئات .(QTAIM) خصائص النقاط الحرجة لاواصر مثل مؤشرات إلغاء تحديد الموقع δ (A, B) ، كثافة الإلكترونρ(r) ، كثافة الطاقة الحركية المحليةG(r) ، (Laplacian) لكثافة الإلكترون ∇2ρ(r)، كثافة الطاقة المحليةH(r) ، وكثافة الطاقة الكامنة المحلية V(r) والإهليلجيه ε(r) تمت مقارنتها بالبيانات مع دراسات للانظمة العضوية المعدنية السابقة. أصبحت مقارنة العمليات الطوبولوجية لتفاعلات الذرة والذرة المختلفة ممكنة بفضل هذه النتائج. في قلب مجموعة رباعي هيدرات المعادن غير المتجانسة ، الجزء Ru2CoH4 ، تُظهر الحسابات عدم وجود أي نقاط حرجة للتأصر (BCP) أو مسارات الاواصر (BPs) بين Ru-Ru و Ru-Co يتم تحديد توزيع كثافات الإلكترون من خلال موضع تجسير ذرات هيدريد المنسقة مع Ru-Ru و Ru-Co ، وهذا له تأثير كبير على تكوين الاواصر بين ذرات المعدن الانتقالي. من ناحية أخرى ، تؤكد النتائج أن المركب قيد الدراسة يحتوي على تفاعل تأصر 7c–11e غير محدد على M3H4 ، كما هو موضح في حسابات مؤشر إلغاء تحديد الموقع غير المهملة. تظهر القيم الصغيرة لكثافة الإلكترون ρ(b) فوق الصفر ، جنبًا إلى جنب مع القيم الصغيرة ، مرة أخرى فوق الصفر ، لـ Laplacian ∇2ρ(b) والقيم الإيجابية الصغيرة لكثافة الطاقة الإجماليةH(b) ، في تأصر Co-H و Ru-H تعتبر اواصر H في هذه المجموعة نموذجية لتفاعلات الغلاف المفتوح. أيضًا ، تتشابه البيانات الطوبولوجية لتفاعلات الاواصر بين ذرات المعدن Co و Ru مع ذرات C حلقة cyclopentadienyl Cp. تظهر خصائص مشابهة جدًا لتفاعلات الغلاف المفتوح في تصنيف QTAIM.
Teori Kepemimpinan Transformasional Bernard M. Bass dan Aplikasinya Dalam Peningkatan Mutu Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Roni Harsoyo  
Published: June 2023

Effective leadership is needed in order to be able to bring about significant changes in (Islamic) educational institutions in order to improve the quality of their services. One of them is transformational leadership initiated by Bernard M. Bass which is still popular today and continues to be developed and applied to Islamic educational institutions. The results of a search through literature research show that: 1) Transformational leadership inspires followers to commit to the vision and goals of the organization, provides challenges to become innovative problem solvers, and develops the capacity of followers through coaching, guidance, and providing challenges and support; 2) Components of transformational leadership: Idealized Influence (II), Inspirational Motivation (IM), Intellectual Stimulation (IS), and Individualized Consideration (IC); 3) The effectiveness of transformational leadership: increasing creativity, overcoming stress/crisis, implementing change, and developing leaders; 4) Criticism of transformational leadership theory: (a) it is elitist and anti-democratic, and places too much emphasis on the 'heroic' aspect of leadership; (b) has the potential to be abused; (c) personality traits or personal tendencies that may be difficult to change; (d) lack of conceptual clarity regarding the various components of transformational leadership; and (e) the lack of specification of transformational leaders influence followers and under what conditions emerge and are effective; 5) The ability of school/madrasah principals to properly implement Bernard M. Bass's transformational leadership theory through his 4I’s in an Islamic educational institution, will be able to improve the quality of education and make schools/madrasas effective.

Keywords: Theory of transformational leadership, Bernard M. Bass, Quality of Islamic educational institutions
A Machine Learning Approach for Gas Kick Identification
Authors: Obi C. E. , Falola Y. , Manikonda K. , Hasan A. R. , Hassan I. G. , Rahman M. A. 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Warning signs of a possible kick during drilling operations can either be primary (flow rate increase and pit gain) or secondary (drilling break and pump pressure decrease). Drillers rely on pressure data at the surface to determine in-situ downhole conditions while drilling. The surface pressure reading is always available and accessible. However, understanding or interpretation of this data is often ambiguous. This study analyzes significant kick symptoms in the wellbore annulus both under static (shut in) and dynamic (drilling/circulating) conditions. We used both supervised and unsupervised learning techniques for flow regime identification and kick prognosis. These include an artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision trees, K-means clustering, and agglomerative clustering. We trained these machine learning models to detect kick symptoms from the gas evolution data collected between the point of kick initiation and the wellhead. All the machine learning techniques used in this work made excellent predictions with accuracy greater than or equal to 90%. For the supervised learning, the decision tree gave the overall best results, with an accuracy of 96% for air influx cases and 98% for carbon dioxide influx cases in both static and dynamic scenarios. For unsupervised learning, K-means clustering was the best, with Silhouette scores ranging from about 0.4 to 0.8. The mass rate per hydraulic diameter and the mixture viscosity yielded the best types of clusters. This is because they account for the fluid properties, flow rate, and flow geometry. Although computationally demanding, the machine learning models can use the surface/downhole pressure data to relay annular flow patterns while drilling. There have been several recent advances in drilling automation. However, this is still limited to gas kick identification and handling. This work provides an alternative and easily accessible primary kick detection tool for drillers based on data at the surface. It also relates this surface data to certain annular flow regime patterns to better tell the downhole story while drilling.
Effects of CO2 vegetation forcing on precipitation and heat extremes in China
Authors: Chen Zheng , Hou Xin-Tong , Fan Pei-Yi , Ji Fei , Li Li , Sun Gui-Quan , Feng Guo-Lin , Qian Zhong-Hua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are expected to significantly impact climate patterns, including extreme heat events. The influence of plants on land-atmosphere water and energy exchanges plays a crucial role in shaping these heat extremes. The response of vegetation growth and physiology to elevated CO2, both directly and indirectly, will determine their contribution to future heat extremes. In this study, we employed a suite of CMIP6 earth system models (ESMs) to differentiate between the effects of radiative forcing and vegetation forcing under elevated CO2 background on extreme heat and precipitation events in China. The changes observed can be attributed to CO2 physiological forcing, which reduces transpiration and its related cooling impact, leading to a decrease in clouds and precipitation under 2×CO2 and 4×CO2 scenarios. Our findings indicate that CO2-induced vegetation forcing (VEG) intensifies the frequency and severity of future heatwaves. Additionally, we found that CO2-driven vegetation decreases extreme precipitation and increases dry days numbers in most humid regions of China, despite the increase in transpiration resulting from the saving of soil moisture and aboveground biomass enhancement due to CO2 fertilization.
Wavelet transform and deep learning-based obstructive sleep apnea detection from single-lead ECG signals
Authors: Lin Yuxing , Zhang Hongyi , Wu Wanqing , Gao Xingen , Chao Fei , Lin Juqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder. To address the characteristics of ECG signals, we introduce a coordinate attention mechanism and propose an automatic sleep apnea classification model (CA-EfficientNet) based on wavelet transform and lightweight neural network. One-dimensional signals were converted into two-dimensional images by wavelet transform and in put into the proposed model for classification. The effects of input time window, wavelet transform type and data balance on classification performance were considered. PhysioNet apnea ECG database was used for training and evaluation. The 3-minute Frequency B-Spline wavelets transform of ECG signal was carried out, and Dice Loss was used to train the classification model of sleep breathing. The classification accuracy was 93.44%, precision was 93.2%, sensitivity was 88.9%, specificity was 96.2%, F1 score was 91%, and most indexes were better than other related work. Wavelet transform and CA-EfficientNet model provide a feasible diagnostic method for automatic classification of sleep apnea.
Efficient decolorization of reactive dyed cotton fabric with a two-step NaOH/ Na 2 S 2 O 4 process
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Zhixi , Xu Jiahui , Wang Huaifang , Guo Xiaoqing , Gong Zhaoqing , Zhang Chuanjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Waste cotton textiles can be decolorized with the NaOH/Na2S2O4 reducing system with mild and effective results. Nevertheless, this system consumes substantial amounts of Na2S2O4, resulting in an inefficient decomposition process. The present study proposed a two-step NaOH/Na2S2O4 method to decolorize the reactive-dyed cotton fabric. The decolorization mechanism of NaOH and Na2S2O4 was investigated based on the decolorization kinetics. The results showed that Na2S2O4 decolorized the dyed cotton fabric more quickly than NaOH. In the reduction system, the decolorization mechanism of NaOH and Na2S2O4 individually followed a three-order kinetic law. During the decolorization process, a hydrolysis reaction between NaOH and cotton fiber destroyed the covalent bond, and a reduction reaction between Na2S2O4 and the dye destroyed the chromophore. The two-step NaOH/Na2S2O4 method improved the decolorization of dyed cotton fabric by reducing the ineffective decomposition of Na2S2O4. Compared to traditional methods, the two-step method endowed the decolorized fabric with a 16% higher CIE L value. Notably, the decolorized cotton fabric retained about 90% of its breaking strength.
A Novel Approach to Green Cloud Computing: QoS-Optimized Load Balancing with Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: kumar Dharmendra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper uses an artificial bee colony algorithm to present a QoS-oriented technique for load balancing in green cloud computing. The proposed technique aims to optimize workload allocation decisions while minimizing energy consumption and carbon emissions and ensuring QoS requirements are met. The technique involves a fitness function that evaluates the fitness of each solution based on a set of QoS and energy consumption metrics. It also involves the ABC algorithm, which generates novel solutions and explores the search space. The algorithm also applies a dynamic threshold-based approach to adjust the threshold values based on the current system load and QoS requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms other load-balancing techniques regarding QoS and energy consumption metrics. Compared to other load-balancing techniques, the new technique significantly improved response time, throughput, availability, resource utilization, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. The proposed technique is likely to improve energy efficiency, reduce cloud computing's carbon footprint, and meet quality of service requirements.
Characterization of surface properties of Chitosan, Polytetrahydrofuron and their blends
Authors: Tomar Manisha , RS Jagadish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In this research characterization of surface properties of chitosan (Ch), polytetrahydrofuron (PTHF) and Chitosan/PTHF blends have been investigated with the help of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and monitored by contact angle measurements. Chitosan is blended with polytetrahydrofuron in 1% acetic acid solution and the solution is cast to prepare the mixture film. For measurements of the contact angle liquids (glycerol) on the surface of chitosan. The surface free energy (γs), dispersive (gsd) and polar (gsp) components were calculated from contact angle values by Owens-Wendt methods using an appropriate computer program. The find values of polar and dispersive components of surface free energy show that PTHF films are much more polar than chitosan films. In case of Chitosan/PTHF blends, the values of surface free energy and polar component are decreased significantly compared with pure polymers. With the help of this behaviour it is indicated hydrophobic character of this surface. These changes of contour images were considered by determining the root mean square (RMS) deviation in the image data. This study of blends by AFM showed a totally different surface morphology when it compared with pure components. The roughness of chitosan/PTHF blends increases with the increase percentage of Chitosan content. This type of results may indicate a strong interaction between these polymeric components.
Analyzing Nonsimilar Convective Heat Transfer in Copper/Alumina Nanofluid with Magnetic Field and Thermal Radiations
Authors: Alruwaili Abdulmohsen Daham , Alruwaili Abdulmohsen Daham 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Partial differential system featuring momentum and energy balance is often used to describe simulations of flow initiation and thermal shifting in boundary layers. The buoyancy force in terms of temperature is factored in the momentum balance equation. Buoyancy force causes the flow quantity to fluctuate along the streamwise direction 𝑋, therefore problem can be best analyzed through nonsimilar modeling. In this analysis nonsimilar model is evolved for radiative mixed convection of a magnetized power-law nanoliquid flow on top of a vertical plate installed in a stationary fluid. The upward linear stretching initiated the flow in vertical direction. Assuming nano-fluids are composite of copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles, the viscous dissipation in this case is negligible. The nonsimilar system is dealt analytically by local nonsimilarity (LNS) via numerical algorithm bvp4c. Surface temperature and flow field are shown visually in relation to factors like mixed convection, magnetic field strength, nanoparticle volume fraction, radiation parameters, and Prandtl number. The repercussions of magnetic and mixed convection parameters on rate of energy transfer and friction coefficient are represented in tabular forms. The results obtained are compared to the published literature. It is found that the existence of nanoparticles significantly improves the temperature profile of considered nanoliquid. It is also observed that when the estimates of the magnetic parameter increase, the velocity profile decreases. Enhancement in nanoparticles concentration and mixed convection parameter improves the velocity profile. According to the author's findings, no published research has yet addressed the description of non-similar analysis for the considered problem. This study might be beneficial to researchers concentrating on industrial nanofluid applications.
Intelligent Edge CDN with Smart Contract-Aided Local IoT Sharing
Authors: Fan Jiamin , Liu Daming , Tang Guoming , Shao Xun , Wu Kui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The goal of a content delivery network (CDN) is to reduce the content delivery latency to end-users by using distributed cache servers. Nevertheless, it is very expensive to deploy and maintain cache servers in a large-scale. To solve this problem, CDN providers have come up with a new content delivery strategy: allowing end-users's IoT edge devices to share their storage/bandwidth resources. This new edge CDN platform needs to address two core questions: (1) how can we incentivize end users to share IoT devices? (2) how can we facilitate a safe and transparent content transaction environment for end users?
In this paper, we introduce SmartSharing, a new content delivery network solution. In smartSharing, the over-the-top (OTT) IoT devices belonging to end-users are used as mini-cache servers. To motivate end users to share the idle devices and storage/bandwidth resources, SmartSharing designs the content delivery schedule and the pricing scheme based on game theory and machine learning algorithms (to be specific, a tailored Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm). To facilitate content trading among end users, SmartSharing creates a secure and transparent transaction platform based on smart contracts in Ethereum. In addition, SmartSharing's performance evaluation not only through trace-driven simulations in the real world, but also a prototype using content metadata and the achieved pricing schemes. The evaluation results show that CDN providers, end users and content providers can all benefit from our SmartSharing framework.
Enhancing the Robustness of Block Ciphers through a Graphical S-Box Evolution Scheme for Secure Multimedia Applications
Authors: Razaq Abdul , Ahsan Muhammad Mahboob , Alolaiyan Hanan , Ahmad Musheer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Block ciphers, which serve as primary components of network security systems, play a crucial role in securely exchanging and communicating confidential information. Substitution boxes (S-boxes) are the most significant components of contemporary block ciphers. Inherently, the security strength of such cryptosystems relies on the quality of the S-box employed. The cryptographically strong S-boxes provide robustness and assurance of the security competency to block ciphers. To generate the strong S-boxes, a number of chaos-based methods have been investigated in the past decade. However, chaos-based methods are random approaches which are computationally intensive and don’t guarantee the generation of strong S-boxes. To meet the challenges of strong and fast S-box generation, a novel coset graphs based algebraic method is proposed to evolve robust and efficient S-box. Firstly, an initial S-box of decent cryptographic strength is generated by using the vertices of coset graphs for two Galois fields and a bijective function. After that, the initial S-box's robustness is improved by rearranging its columns in a particular manner, which yields the strong proposed S-box. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by comparing various attributes of our S-box against some recently investigated S-boxes. Additionally, the generated S-box is applied for image encryption and analyzed using the MLC criterions. The results show the suitability of the proposed S-box for secure multimedia applications.