bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End-to-End Learning with Memory Models for Complex Autonomous Driving Tasks in Indoor Environments
Authors: Lai Zhihui , Bräunl Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interest in autonomous vehicles has increased exponentially in recent years. While Lidar is a proven autonomous driving technology, end-to-end learning approaches have become popular as computer performance has improved. A fully end-to-end method—NVIDIA’s PilotNet has shown its ability to predict speed and steering angle with only camera images. This method achieved the Lidar-based methods’ performance in simple driving tasks. However, a significant drawback was no past spatiotemporal information, imposing an error-sensitive performance, especially in complex driving tasks. Spurred by this deficiency, this paper introduces two novel models: CNN + LSTM and CNN3D, aiming for complex autonomous driving tasks in indoor environments.
Crystal Structure of Methyl 3-O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl 2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-α-d-Galactopyranoside Hydrate
Authors: Eriksson Lars , Widmalm Göran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMethyl 3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside as a monohydrate, C15H27NO11·H2O, crystallizes in space group P212121, with four molecules in the unit cell. It constitutes the methyl glycoside of the carbohydrate part of the teichoic acid type polysaccharide from Micrococcus sp. A1, in which the disaccharides are joined through phosphodiester linkages. The conformation of the disaccharide is described by the glycosidic torsion angles ϕ =  − 31° and ψ =  + 1°, and the hydroxymethyl groups of the constituent monosaccharides are present in the gg and gt conformations for the sugar residues having the gluco- and galacto-configuration, respectively. For the N-acetyl group at C2 of the galactosamine residue the torsion angle τH = 147°, i.e., the amide proton has an antiperiplanar relationship to H2 of the sugar ring. The structure shows extensive hydrogen bonding along the a-direction, including the water molecule, and forms sheets with hydrophilic interactions within the sheets as a result of hydrogen bonding between disaccharides as well as hydrophobic interactions between the sheets, in particular, amongst methyl groups of the N-acetyl group of the α-d-GalpNAc residue in the disaccharides.
Graphical Abstract
The structure of the title disaccharide as a monohydrate, C15H27NO11·H2O, which shows extensive hydrogen bonding as well as hydrophobic interactions, was determined from minute crystals using synchrotron radiation and verified by solid state DFT calculations using plane waves.
Nonlethal Effects of Predation: The Presence of Insectivorous Birds (Parus major) Affects The Behavior and Level of Stress in Locusts (Schistocerca gregaria)
Authors: Kollross Jan , Jancuchova-Laskova Jitka , Kleckova Irena , Freiberga Inga , Kodrik Dalibor , Sam Katerina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInsect exposure to their predators can affect individuals and community processes, through direct consumption or nonlethal effects. However, the links between behavioral and physiological responses and stimuli needed for the development of predator avoidance are not clear. We subjected desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) to three nonlethal treatments, using great tits (Parus major) as a predator. The treatments included: (1) bird—presence of a great tit and its calls, (2) call—great tit calls only, (3) control—absence of a great tit and its calls. In the first behavioral laboratory experiment, locusts were offered food and shelter in an open space. The duration of hiding versus feeding indicated predator responses. In the second laboratory experiment, locusts were subjected to the same three treatments, and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) levels were measured in the central nervous system (CNS) and hemolymph. In the third experiment in an outdoor aviary, birds were allowed to fly freely over locusts before we measured physiological response. During the first experiment, locusts hid for a significantly longer amount of time and fed for a significantly shorter amount of time when the bird was present and calls were played, compared to when only calls were played or compared to the control treatment. The proximity of birds to locusts in the laboratory experiment elicited a significant increase in AKH levels in the CNS and hemolymph compared to the call/control treatment. The physical proximity of the great tits affected both the behavioral and physiological responses of the locusts.
An enigmatic giraffid from the latest Miocene of Italy: Taxonomy, affinity, and paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Pandolfi Luca , Rook Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The origin and evolution of endemic species characterizing the Oreopithecus-faunal assemblages of the Tusco-Sardinian archipelago remain a matter of debate. An emblematic case is the enigmatic giraffid Umbrotherium azzarolii, represented by a single specimen from the type locality of Casteani (Tuscany) and by several isolated teeth and fragmentary mandibles from the locality of Fiume Santo (Sardinia). An exhaustive diagnosis of Umbrotherium has not been firmly established, and its systematic and phylogenetic position remain unresolved. Unpublished remains of giraffids, including an almost complete mandible, several isolated teeth, and other cranial remains are described for the first time in the present work. The specimens were collected from the locality of Botro della Canonica (Pisa), located at the northernmost portion of the Tusco-Sardinian archipelago. The new material sheds light on the morphological and morphometric variability of Umbrotherium, thereby enabling a comparison between specimens collected from different Tusco-Sardinian Miocene localities spanning from the V1 to the V2 Oreopithecus-Zone Faunas and allowing the establishment of the new species U. engesserii sp. nov. from Fiume Santo (Sardinia). This study also reveals that Umbrotherium was more closely related to Decennatherium than to other Late Miocene continental giraffids, suggesting a dispersal of its ancestor from the Iberian Peninsula. Accordingly, a new paleogeographic and biochronological framework is proposed herein for the Tusco-Sardinian archipelago, hypothesizing a fragmentation of the area into several domains, with sporadic reconnections, and the establishment of different faunal assemblages.
Decomposing Economic Efficiency into Technical and Allocative Components: An Essential Property
Authors: Aparicio Juan , Zofío José L. , Pastor Jesús T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce two desirable properties concerning the allocative efficiency term in the decomposition of economic efficiency. Since Farrell, economic efficiency, defined in terms of the cost, revenue, profitability, or profit functions, is decomposed into a technical efficiency measure and allocative efficiency. Resorting to duality theory, allocative efficiency is calculated as a residual. In this framework, we show that this residual is numerically inconsistent for several economic efficiency decompositions: those based on the Russell Efficiency Measures, the Slack-Based Measure and the Weighted Additive Measures. It should be expected that a technical inefficient firm, if projected to the optimal economic benchmark, e.g., that maximizing profit, should be allocative efficient, yet we show that the above decompositions may signal that it is allocative inefficient. Our first property, called ‘essential,’ demands that economic efficiency decompositions satisfy the above criterion. We also extend this property by requiring that the allocative efficiency of a technically inefficient firm, evaluated at the projected benchmark on the production frontier, coincides with the allocative efficiency of the benchmark itself. Regarding this extension of the property, we show that, besides the measures mentioned above, the Directional Distance Function and the Hölder Distance Function fail in general to comply with it. However, we also prove that, thanks to the flexibility of these two approaches in choosing a common directional vector for all the assessed firms or a specific Hölder norm, these measures may satisfy the extended essential property. We conclude that unless both properties are fulfilled, the (residual) allocative component of many previously published decompositions cannot be correctly interpreted as price inefficiency.
Multidimensional outlook on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: George Neena , Bhandari Poonam , Shruptha Padival , Jayaram Pradyumna , Chaudhari Sima , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCervical cancer being one of the primary causes of high mortality rates among women is an area of concern, especially with ineffective treatment strategies. Extensive studies are carried out to understand various aspects of cervical cancer initiation, development and progression; however, invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma has poor outcomes. Moreover, the advanced stages of cervical cancer may involve lymphatic circulation with a high risk of tumor recurrence at distant metastatic sites. Dysregulation of the cervical microbiome by human papillomavirus (HPV) together with immune response modulation and the occurrence of novel mutations that trigger genomic instability causes malignant transformation at the cervix. In this review, we focus on the major risk factors as well as the functionally altered signaling pathways promoting the transformation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia into invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We further elucidate genetic and epigenetic variations to highlight the complexity of causal factors of cervical cancer as well as the metastatic potential due to the changes in immune response, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair capacity, and cell cycle progression. Our bioinformatics analysis on metastatic and non-metastatic cervical cancer datasets identified various significantly and differentially expressed genes as well as the downregulation of potential tumor suppressor microRNA miR-28-5p. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the genomic landscape in invasive and metastatic cervical cancer will help in stratifying the patient groups and designing potential therapeutic strategies.
Ravines and gullies, a review about impact valuation
Authors: Kuhn Caiubi Emanuel Souza , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , Zarfl Christiane , Grathwohl Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGullies and ravines affect human lives and the environment in many countries worldwide, however, few studies have assessed the impacts of the damage caused by these large linear erosions and clarified their influencing parameters. This work systematizes available information about the variables relevant to analyze the impacts of ravines and gullies on socioeconomic conditions and ecosystem services. Based on keyword searches performed in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, more than 120 articles from 27 countries were identified that addressed and valuated these different types of impacts. Although many studies discuss the impacts of ravines and gullies, few studies have performed valuations of these impacts. We compiled the impacts in urban and rural areas, considering the changes caused by ravines and gullies throughout a hydrographic basin. The results allowed for the elaboration of a theoretical model of the possible impacts of gullies and ravines and how they can be valued. The results demonstrate that the most significant impacts, according to the literature, are in South America, Africa, China and India, which are related to disordered land occupation. In some cases, the lack of capacity to respond to environmental and social problems aggravates the scenario and leads to significant losses. Implementing the evaluation is challenging due to the high number of different forms of possible impacts, in the short, medium and long term, related to environmental, economic and social changes.
An efficient and accurate linearization approach for hydraulically actuated multibody systems with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints
Authors: Agúndez A. G. , García-Vallejo D. , Freire E. , Pyrhönen L. , Mikkola A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydraulics is often used to actuate mechanisms in the applications of heavy machinery. In this work, a linearization approach for hydraulically driven multibody systems is presented. The approach allows linearizing the equations of motion of general multibody systems with holonomic and nonholonomic constraints, augmented with the hydraulic equations of the hydraulic subsystem. The derivation of this linearization approach is of interest in many applications, such as the performance of linear stability analyses. The procedure is tested with a three-dimensional multibody model of a hydraulically actuated four-bar mechanism. The validation of the approach is performed by means of the forward dynamics simulation of the linear and nonlinear systems. The results show the power of the approach, obtaining the linearized equations of motion around the equilibrium position of the four-bar mechanism multibody model in terms of the mechanical and hydraulic parameters. A comparison of the proposed procedure with a conventional counterpart approach is included, demonstrating the great accuracy and computational efficiency of the approach developed in this work.
Tech-Savvy Men and Caring Women: Middle School Students’ Gender Stereotypes Predict Interest in Tech-Education
Authors: Tellhed Una , Björklund Fredrik , Kallio Strand Kalle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe labor market is strongly gender segregated with few women working in the tech sector (e.g., IT) and few men working in the care sector (e.g., nursing). We tested the hypothesis that middle school students strongly associate technology with men and caregiving with women in a Swedish context (i.e., a country that scores high in gender equality indices), and that these gender stereotypes for tech relate to girls’ lower interest in tech-focused education. We measured technology/caregiving gender stereotypes with implicit (the Implicit Association Test) and explicit (self-report) measures in a sample of middle school students (n = 873). The results supported the main hypotheses, and corroborate Eccles’s expectancy value theory, indicating that the endorsement of implicit gender stereotypes may serve as barriers to pursuing masculine-typed career paths for women. Further, a sample of middle school teachers (n = 86) showed stronger implicit gender stereotypes than the students. Unexpectedly, middle school girls with a foreign background showed no implicit gender stereotypes, which we discuss in relation to the gender-equality paradox. These findings suggest that to fulfill the recruitment needs of an increasingly digitalized world, the tech-industry and other stakeholders should put effort into counteracting the stereotype that technology is for men.
People Overestimate Backlash Against Helpers Who Violate Gender Stereotypes: Experimental Examination of a Prosociality Paradox
Authors: Atkinson Ciara , Sandstrom Gillian , Croft Alyssa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMen and women typically help others in gender stereotypic ways (gender-consistent helping), but how might people judge helpers who do so in counter-stereotypic ways (gender-inconsistent helping)? Most of the time helpers are viewed favorably, but behaviors that deviate from gender stereotypes tend to elicit social sanctions from others. Thus, gender-inconsistent helping presents a paradox wherein people may anticipate facing negative judgments from others despite helping being a positive, prosocial act. Across three experiments (two pre-registered), participants provided their own (Studies 1–3) and normative (Studies 2–3) evaluations of gender-consistent and gender-inconsistent helpers. Taken together, results revealed that participants expected other people to evaluate gender-inconsistent helpers less favorably than gender-consistent helpers (Hypothesis 1), and less favorably than they actually did themselves (Hypothesis 2). These findings show that gender-inconsistent helping is less susceptible to backlash than people think, and instead suggest that pluralistic ignorance could be a barrier to gender-inconsistent helping, if people fear that others’ judgments of gender-inconsistent helpers are harsher than their own. Our results highlight novel opportunities for addressing persistent occupational gender segregation in prosocial contexts (by confronting pluralistic ignorance), which could subsequently enhance gender equality more broadly.
Analysis of the Scale of Global Human Needs and Opportunities for Sustainable Catalytic Technologies
Authors: Taseska Teona , Yu Wanqing , Wilsey Madeleine K. , Cox Connor P. , Meng Ziyi , Ngarnim Soraya S. , Müller Astrid M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe analyzed the enormous scale of global human needs, their carbon footprint, and how they are connected to energy availability. We established that most challenges related to resource security and sustainability can be solved by providing distributed, affordable, and clean energy. Catalyzed chemical transformations powered by renewable electricity are emerging successor technologies that have the potential to replace fossil fuels without sacrificing the wellbeing of humans. We highlighted the technical, economic, and societal advantages and drawbacks of short- to medium-term decarbonization solutions to gauge their practicability, economic feasibility, and likelihood for widespread acceptance on a global scale. We detailed catalysis solutions that enhance sustainability, along with strategies for catalyst and process development, frontiers, challenges, and limitations, and emphasized the need for planetary stewardship. Electrocatalytic processes enable the production of solar fuels and commodity chemicals that address universal issues of the water, energy and food security nexus, clothing, the building sector, heating and cooling, transportation, information and communication technology, chemicals, consumer goods and services, and healthcare, toward providing global resource security and sustainability and enhancing environmental and social justice.
Comprehensive analysis of clinical indications and viral strain variants among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Xiaocong , Xiao Weili , Zhang Jiangying , Ding Haitao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the first appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, the virus is still evolving and mutating until now. In this study, we collected 6 throat swabs from patients who diagnosed with COVID-19 in Inner Mongolia, China, to understand the entry of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants into Inner Mongolia and analyze the relationships between variants and clinical features observed in infected patients. In addition, we performed a combined analysis of clinical parameters associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest, pedigree analysis, and detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results showed that the clinical symptoms were generally mild although some patients demonstrated some degree of liver function abnormalities, and the SARS-CoV-2 strain was related to the Delta variant (B.1.617.2), AY.122 lineage. The epidemiological investigations and clinical manifestations confirmed that the variant exhibits strong transmission, a high viral load, and moderate clinical symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 has undergone extensive mutations in various hosts and countries. Timely monitoring of virus mutation can help to monitor the spread of infection and characterize the diversity of genomic variants, thus limiting future waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
RELAX: Representation Learning Explainability
Authors: Wickstrøm Kristoffer K. , Trosten Daniel J. , Løkse Sigurd , Boubekki Ahcène , Mikalsen Karl øyvind , Kampffmeyer Michael C. , Jenssen Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the significant improvements that self-supervised representation learning has led to when learning from unlabeled data, no methods have been developed that explain what influences the learned representation. We address this need through our proposed approach, RELAX, which is the first approach for attribution-based explanations of representations. Our approach can also model the uncertainty in its explanations, which is essential to produce trustworthy explanations. RELAX explains representations by measuring similarities in the representation space between an input and masked out versions of itself, providing intuitive explanations that significantly outperform the gradient-based baselines. We provide theoretical interpretations of RELAX and conduct a novel analysis of feature extractors trained using supervised and unsupervised learning, providing insights into different learning strategies. Moreover, we conduct a user study to assess how well the proposed approach aligns with human intuition and show that the proposed method outperforms the baselines in both the quantitative and human evaluation studies. Finally, we illustrate the usability of RELAX in several use cases and highlight that incorporating uncertainty can be essential for providing faithful explanations, taking a crucial step towards explaining representations.
Urban Agriculture and the Sustainability Nexus in South Africa: Past, Current, and Future Trends
Authors: Kanosvamhira Tinashe P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban agriculture remains a topical issue that needs to be better understood in striving for sustainable cities, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Through a literature review, this article examines urban agriculture studies in South Africa to identify trends, opportunities, and gaps in the literature. The article examines the discourses that have emerged based on a narrative literature review of 62 peer-reviewed articles from 1993 to 2022. The findings indicate that several gaps in the knowledge limit our understanding of the practice of urban agriculture toward sustainable cities, for instance, an under-representation of secondary cities and the general productivist focus of most studies in the country. The author argues that future research needs to focus on underrepresented cities using rich methodologies to gain further insights into urban agriculture and its place in the city. Moreover, other under-represented themes including environmental benefits such as green infrastructure and nature-based solutions need more exploration. A more holistic understanding of urban agriculture is required in order to buttress interventions that accommodate the practice within the urban environment.
“You Can Kill Us with Dialogue:” Critical Perspectives on Wind Energy Development in a Nordic-Saami Green Colonial Context
Authors: Fjellheim Eva Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores Southern Saami reindeer herders’ experiences and contestations over state consultation and corporate dialogue during a conflict over the Øyfjellet wind energy project in Norway. Informed by a committed research approach and juxtaposition with findings from Indigenous peoples' territorial struggles in Latin-America, the article provides critical perspectives on governance practices in a Nordic-Saami green colonial context. The research draws on ethnography from a consultation meeting between Jillen Njaarke, the impacted reindeer herding community, and state authorities, as well as diverse written material. The study suggests that the state- and corporate-led “dialogues” displaced the root cause of the conflict, revealed epistemic miscommunication, and perpetuated relations of domination which limited emancipatory effects for Jillen Njaarke. The premises and discourses underpinning the “dialogues” further reproduced racist notions which devalue ancestral Saami reindeer herding knowledges, practices, and landscape relations. These findings challenge dialogue as prescription of good governance and conflict resolution in a context where democracy and compliance with Indigenous peoples’ rights are perceived as high.