bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes and their determinants in the Tibet Plateau
Authors: Mu Cuicui , Mu Mei , Wu Xiaodong , Jia Lin , Fan Chenyan , Peng Xiaoqing , Ping Chien‐Lu , Wu Qingbai , Xiao Cunde , Liu Jianbao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThermokarst lakes are potentially important sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes owing to a limited understanding of their patterns and motivators. In this study, we measured CH4 and CO2 diffusive fluxes in 163 thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) over 3 years from May to October. The median carbon emissions from the QTP thermokarst lakes were 1440 mg CO2 m−2 day−1 and 60 mg CH4 m−2 day−1, respectively. The diffusive rates of CO2 and CH4 are related to the catchment land cover type. Sediment microbial abundance and hydrochemistry explain 51.9% and 38.3% of the total variance in CH4 diffusive emissions, respectively, while CO2 emissions show no significant relationship with environmental factors. When upscaling carbon emissions from the QTP thermokarst lakes, the annual average CH4 release per lake area is equal to that of the pan‐Arctic region. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating in situ observation data with different emission pathways for different land cover types in predicting carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes in the future.
Reconceptualise a dynamic framework of the learning constructs in higher education
Authors: Geng Gretchen , Zhu Yue , Disney Leigh Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper reconceptualised the interrelated learning constructs in higher education based on the Dynamic Systems Theory (DST). The university students' learning experience before, during and post the Emergency Online Learning (EOL) was investigated to explore the dynamic changes among the learning constructs in higher education. A case study of a Chinese university was conducted, and one hundred and ninety‐three university students participated in the questionnaire. The data collected from this empirical research identify different hierarchical constructs of the conceptualised learning environment and reconceptualise the period of system reformation influenced by the EOL. The key findings include the identifications of the attractors and repellors framed by the DST and the impact on the changes in the learning constructs. The results of this paper contribute to further understanding of the university constructs' changes to better plan and support students' active learning in higher education.
Influence of pre‐gelatinization in conjunction with guar gum addition on texture functionality, bioactive profile, in vitro nutrient digestibility, morphology and secondary structure of protein of quality protein maize pasta
Authors: Joshi Swati , Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan , Gupta Antima , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe current investigation aimed to develop quality protein maize (QPM) specialty pasta (partial: 50% QPM and full replacement of semolina: 100% QPM) and study the influence of pre‐gelatinization in conjunction with guar gum addition (1.5% or 3%) on bio‐techno‐functional properties of pasta. Scanning electron microscopy depicted the encapsulation of swollen starch within a protective sheet developed as a result of gum addition and starch gelatinisation. The Fourier transform infrared spectra denoted a shift from crystalline towards amorphous state in starch as a consequence of partial gelatinisation. The secondary structure of protein signified a drop in the alpha‐helix structure and thereby enhanced the in vitro protein digestibility of the pregelatinised samples. Multivariate principal component analysis was utilised to validate the differences between the parameters. The overall study inferred that the QPM owned an excellent potentiality for the development of nutrient‐dense pasta by employing the functionality of gums and pre‐gelatinisation treatment.
T cell maturation is significantly affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Walter Laura Otto , Cardoso Chandra Chiappin , Santos‐Pirath Íris Mattos , Costa Heloisa Zorzi , Gartner Rafaela , Werle Isabel , Mohr Eduarda Talita Bramorski , da Rosa Julia Salvan , Lubschinski Tainá Larissa , Felisberto Mariano , Kretzer Iara Fabricia , Masukawa Ivete Ioshiko , Vanny Patrícia de Almeida , Luiz Magali Chaves , de Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Santos‐Silva Maria Cláudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). An adequate T cell response is essential not only for fighting disease but also for the creation of immune memory. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the T cells of patients with moderate, severe and critical COVID‐19 not only at the time of illness but also 2 months after diagnosis to observe whether changes in this compartment persist. In this study, 166 COVID‐19 patients were stratified into moderate/severe and critical disease categories. The maturation and activation of T cells were evaluated through flow cytometry. In addition, Treg cells were analysed. Until 15 days after diagnosis, patients presented a reduction in absolute and relative T lymphocyte counts. After 2 months, in moderate/severe patients, the counts returned to a similar level as that of the control group. In convalescent patients who had a critical illness, absolute T lymphocyte values increased considerably. Patients with active disease did not show differentiation of T cells. Nonetheless, after 2 months, patients with critical COVID‐19 showed a significant increase in CD4+ EMRA (CD45RA+ effector memory) T lymphocytes. Furthermore, COVID‐19 patients showed delayed T cell activation and reduced CD8+ suppressor T cells even 2 months after diagnosis. A reduction in CD4+ Treg cells was also observed, and their numbers returned to a similar level as that of healthy controls in convalescent patients. The results demonstrate that COVID‐19 patients have a delayed activation and differentiation of T cells. In addition, these patients have a great reduction of T cells with a suppressor phenotype.
Trophic ecology of co‐occurring fishes in the Sundays River Valley irrigation ponds, assessed using stable isotope and gut content analyses
Authors: Mofu Lubabalo , Dalu Tatenda , Wasserman Ryan J. , Woodford Darragh J. , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe analysis of food web structures has increased the understanding of the dynamics of organisms belonging to different trophic levels. In this study, the diet of two native species, Glossogobius callidus and Gilchristella aestuaria, was assessed in the presence of two non‐native species, Oreochromis mossambicus and Gambusia affinis, in irrigation ponds, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The proportion of dietary items consumed and assimilated by the four fish species were inferred from gut contents and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis. Stable isotope analysis revealed that both G. affinis and O. mossambicus had a larger isotopic niche size than G. callidus and G. aestuaria. Although G. callidus fed on benthic resources and G. aestuaria fed on phytoplankton, gut content analysis showed that G. callidus, O. mossambicus and G. affinis fed predominantly on benthic resources, whereas G. aestuaria fed mainly on plankton resources. Considerable niche overlap corroborates the view that resource competition is a major factor shaping the composition of the four fish species. This study highlighted the low diversity of the food web within the Sundays River Valley irrigation ponds, where food items are shared by all the small‐bodied fishes.
Recent advances in the treatment of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth neuropathies
Authors: Bolino Alessandra , D'Antonio Maurizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are one of the most common neuromuscular disorders. However, despite the identification of more than 100 causative genes, therapeutic options are still missing. The generation of authentic animal models and the increasing insights into the understanding of disease mechanisms, in addition to extraordinary developments in gene and molecular therapies, are quickly changing this scenario, and several strategies are currently being translated, or are getting close to, clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent advances for the therapy of CMT at both the preclinical and clinical levels. For clarity, we have grouped the approaches in three different categories: gene therapy based on viral‐mediated delivery, molecular therapies based on alternative delivery systems, and pharmacological therapies.
Kantian equilibria of a class of Nash bargaining games
Authors: Dizarlar Atakan , Karagözoğlu Emin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study Kantian equilibria of an ‐player bargaining game, which is a modified version of the well‐known divide‐the‐dollar game. We first show that the Kantian equilibrium exists under fairly minimal assumptions. Second, if the bankruptcy rule used satisfies equal treatment of equals, and is almost nowhere proportional, then only equal division can prevail in any Kantian equilibrium. On the other hand, we show that an “anything goes” type result emerges only under the proportional rule. Finally, using hybrid bankruptcy rules that we construct in a novel fashion, we can characterize the whole equilibrium set. Our results highlight the interactions between institutions (axiomatic properties of division rules) and agents' equilibrium behavior.
Metabolic flexibility during a trophic transition reveals the phenotypic plasticity of greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza 7498)
Authors: Sun Zuoliang , Zhao Xuyao , Li Gaojie , Yang Jingjing , Chen Yan , Xia Manli , Hwang Inhwan , Hou Hongwei 
Published: March 2023

Summary

The greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza 7498) exhibits trophic diversity (photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic growth) depending on the availability of exogenous organic carbon sources and light.

Here, we show that the ability to transition between various trophic growth conditions is an advantageous trait, providing great phenotypic plasticity and metabolic flexibility in S. polyrhiza 7498.

By comparing S. polyrhiza 7498 growth characteristics, metabolic acclimation, and cellular ultrastructure across these trophic modes, we show that mixotrophy decreases photosynthetic performance and relieves the CO2 limitation of photosynthesis by enhancing the CO2 supply through the active respiration pathway. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses corroborated that S. polyrhiza 7498 increases its intracellular CO2 and decreases reactive oxygen species under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, which substantially suppressed the wasteful photorespiration and oxidative‐damage pathways. As a consequence, mixotrophy resulted in a higher biomass yield than the sum of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy.

Our work provides a basis for using trophic transitions in S. polyrhiza 7498 for the enhanced accumulation of value‐added products.
Golgi in and out: multifaceted role and journey of manganese
Authors: Kosuth Thibault , Leskova Alexandra , Castaings Loren , Curie Catherine 
Published: March 2023

SummaryManganese (Mn) is pivotal for plant growth and development but little is known about the processes that control its homeostasis in the cell. A spotlight on the pools of intracellular manganese and their cellular function has recently been gained through the characterization of new Mn transporters. In particular, transporters catalyzing the ins and outs of Mn at the various Golgi membranes have revealed the central role of the Golgi pool of Mn in the synthesis of the cell wall and as a reservoir for the numerous cellular Mn‐dependent pathways whose calibration relies on a set of Golgi‐resident transporters of the BICAT and NRAMP families.
Myopia control and prevention: From lifestyle to low‐concentration atropine. The 2022 Josh Wallman Memorial Lecture
Authors: Yam Jason C. , Zhang Xiu Juan , Kam Ka Wai , Chen Li Jia , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the findings from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study and the Low Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP‐1) Study. The incidence of myopia among schoolchildren in Hong Kong more than doubled during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with outdoor time decreased significantly and screen time increased. The change in lifestyle during the COVID‐19 pandemic aggravated myopia development. Low‐concentration atropine (0.05%, 0.025% and 0.01%) is effective in reducing myopia progression with a concentration‐related response. This concentration‐dependent response was maintained throughout a 3‐year follow‐up period, and all low concentrations were well tolerated. An age‐dependent effect was observed in each treatment group with 0.05%, 0.025% and 0.01% atropine. Younger age was associated with a poor treatment response to low‐concentration atropine. Additionally, low‐concentration atropine induced choroidal thickening along a concentration‐dependent response throughout the treatment period. During the third year, continued atropine treatment achieved a better effect across all concentrations compared with the washout regimen. Stopping treatment at an older age and receiving lower concentration were associated with a smaller rebound effect. However, differences in the rebound effect were clinically small across all the three concentrations studied.
Stress Distribution of Different Pedicle Screw Insertion Techniques Following Single‐Segment TLIF: A Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Yang Simengge , Sun Tianze , Zhang Liwen , Cong Menglin , Guo Anyun , Liu Dakai , Song Mingzhi 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesAt present, a variety of posterior lumbar internal fixation implantation methods have been developed, which makes it difficult for spine surgeons to choose. The stress distribution of the internal fixation system is one of the important indexes to evaluate these technologies. Common insertion technologies include Roy Camille, Magerl, Krag, AO, and Weinstein insertion techniques. This study aimed to compare the distribution of von Mises stresses in different screw fixation systems established by these insertion technologies.MethodsHere, the three‐dimensional finite element (FE) method was selected to evaluate the postoperative stress distribution of internal fixation. Following different pedicle screw insertion techniques, five single‐segment transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) models were established after modeling and validation of the L1‐S1 vertebrae FE model.ResultsBy analyzing the data, we found that stress concentration phenomenon was in all the models. Additionally, Roy‐Camille, Krag, AO, and Weinstein insertion techniques led to the great stress on lumbar vertebra, intervertebral disc, and screw‐rod fixation systems. Therefore, we hope that the results can provide ideas for clinical work and development of pedicle screws in the future. It is worth noting that flexion, unaffected side lateral bending, and affected side axial rotation should be limited for the patients with cages implanted.ConclusionsOverall, our method obtained the results that Magerl insertion technique was the relatively safe approach for pedicle screw implantation due to its relatively dispersive stress in TLIF models.
Tilapia lake virus disease: Vaccine strategies to control the threat to tilapia aquaculture
Authors: Lakshmi Sreeja , Smith David , Dong Ha Thanh , Thompson Kim D. , Elumalai Preetham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the first report of a novel disease caused by tilapia lake virus (TiLV) in 2014, the disease (TiLVD) has gained considerable attention as one of the most devastating viral diseases in tilapia aquaculture globally. The virus is both highly virulent and transmissible and has been detected in many countries worldwide. It poses a severe threat to the global tilapia aquaculture industry, food security and many people's livelihoods in low and middle‐income countries. The absence of effective treatment strategies and inadequate biosecurity measures means the virus's rapid spread is likely to continue. Vaccination has proven to be an effective approach to preventing and controlling disease in finfish aquaculture. The vaccine's efficacy and the delivery system's suitability are essential for evoking an appropriate immune response against the pathogen. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the strategies being used to develop vaccines for TiLVD. Nanovaccines, which offer a new approach to prevent TiLVD in farmed tilapia, are also discussed.
Respiratory muscle metabolic activity on PET/CT correlates with obstructive ventilatory defect severity and prognosis in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery
Authors: El Husseini Kinan , Baste Jean‐Marc , Bouyeure‐Petit Anne‐Charlotte , Lhuillier Elodie , Cuvelier Antoine , Decazes Pierre , Vera Pierre , Similowski Thomas , Patout Maxime 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRespiratory muscle activity is increased in patients with chronic respiratory disease. 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT can assess respiratory muscle activity. We hypothesized that respiratory muscles metabolism was correlated to lung function impairment and was associated to prognosis in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery based on the research question whether respiratory muscle metabolism quantitatively correlates with the severity of lung function impairment in patients? Does respiratory muscle hypermetabolism have prognostic value?MethodsPatients undergoing 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT and pulmonary function tests prior to lung cancer surgery were identified. Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVm) were measured in each respiratory muscle group (sternocleidomastoid, scalene, intercostal, diaphragm), normalized against deltoid SUVm. Respiratory muscle hypermetabolism was defined as SUVm >90th centile in any respiratory muscle group. Clinical outcomes were collected from a prospective cohort.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐six patients were included, mostly male [110 (71%)], 53 (34%) with previous diagnosis of COPD. Respiratory muscle SUVm were: scalene: 1.84 [1.51–2.25], sternocleidomastoid 1.64 [1.34–1.95], intercostal 1.01 [0.84–1.16], diaphragm 1.79 [1.41–2.27]. Tracer uptake was inversely correlated to FEV1 for the scalene (r = −0.29, p < 0.001) and SCM (r = −0.17, p = 0.03) respiratory muscle groups and positively correlated to TLC for the scalene (r = 0.17, p = 0.04). Respiratory muscle hypermetabolism was found in 45 patients (28.8%), who had a lower VO2 max (15.4 [14.2–17.5] vs. 17.2 mL/kg/min [15.2–21.1], p = 0.07) and poorer overall survival when adjusting to FEV1% (p < 0.01).ConclusionOur findings show respiratory muscle hypermetabolism is associated with lung function impairment and has prognostic significance. 18F‐FDG/PET‐CT should be considered as a tool for assessing respiratory muscle activity and to identify high‐risk patients.
A system dynamics model of the COVID‐19 pandemic considering risk perception: A case study of Iran
Authors: Korzebor Mohammadreza , Nahavandi Nasim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a complex issue around the world. As the disease advancing and death rates are continuously increasing, governments are trying to control the situation by implementing different response policies. In order to implement appropriate policies, we need to consider the behavior of the people. Risk perception (RP) is a critical component in many health behavior change theories studies. People's RP can shape their behavior. This research presents a system dynamics (SD) model of the COVID‐19 outbreak considering RP. The proposed model considers effective factors on RP, including different media types, awareness, and public acceptable death rate. In addition, the simplifying assumption of permanent immunity due to infection has been eliminated, and reinfection is considered; thus, different waves of the pandemic have been simulated. Using the presented model, the trend of advancing and death rates due to the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran can be predicted. Some policies are proposed for pandemic management. Policies are categorized as the capacity of hospitals, preventive behaviors, and accepted death rate. The results show that the proposed policies are effective. In this case, reducing the accepted death rate was the most effective policy to manage the pandemics. About 20% reduction in the accepted death rate causes about 23% reduction in cumulative death and delays at epidemic peak. The mean daily error in predicting the death rate is less than 10%.
Global inequities in the prevalence of undernourishment
Authors: Mejia Steven A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis research draws on the theory of unequal exchange to help explain global inequities in the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU).MethodsI evaluate the proposition that the vertical flow of exports to high‐income countries exerts harmful effects on undernourishment in less‐developed countries using fixed effects estimation and generalized least squares random effects tobit panel regression models.ResultsInsights from the theory of unequal exchange help advance our understanding of global inequities in the PoU.ConclusionThis analysis contributes to an emerging body of literature suggesting that this unique form of global economic integration exerts harmful effects on health outcomes in less‐developed countries.
Transplantation and immigration: Comparing infectious complications and outcomes between foreign‐born and US‐born kidney transplant recipients in Minnesota
Authors: Ordaya Eloy E. , Shaughnessy Megan , Elkin Baila , Husmann Rachel L. , Stauffer Jacob C. , Luengas Elizabeth M. , Chang Bickey H. , Tessier Katelyn M. , Walker Patricia F. , Stauffer William M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundForeign‐born kidney transplant recipients (FBKTRs) are at increased risk for reactivation of latent infections that may impact outcomes. We aimed to compare the etiology of infections and outcomes between FBKTR and United States KTRs (USKTR).MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent kidney transplantation between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018 at two transplant centers in Minnesota. Frequency and etiology of infections as well as outcomes (graft function, rejection, and patient survival) at 1‐year post‐transplant between FBKTR and USKTR were compared.ResultsOf the 573 transplant recipients, 124 (21.6%) were foreign‐born and 449 (78.4%) US‐born. At least one infection occurred in 411 (71.7%) patients (38.2% bacterial, 55% viral, 9.4% fungal). Viral infections were more frequent in FBKTR, particularly BK viremia (38.7% vs. 21.2%, p < .001). No statistical differences were found for bacterial or fungal infections; no parasitic infections were identified in either group. No geographically‐restricted infections were noted aside from a single case of Madura foot in a FBKTR. Rejection episodes were more common in USKTR (p = .037), but stable/improving graft function (p = .976) and mortality (p = .451) at 1‐year posttransplantation were similar in both groups. After adjusting for covariates, previous transplantation was associated with a higher number of infections (IRR 1.35, 95% confidence intervals 1.05–1.73, p = .020).ConclusionAlthough viral infections were more frequent in FBKTR, overall frequency and etiology of most infections and outcomes were similar between FBKTR and USKTR suggesting that comprehensive transplant care is providing timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of latent infections in FBKTR.
image