bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ethnographic Study on Clergymen Concerning the Aetiology and Management of Mental Illness in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole Adeoye 
Published: February 2023

Background: The clergy plays an important role in the care of mentally ill people in developing countries because of the predominant belief that supernatural factors are responsible for mental illness and spiritual healers are sought by the mentally ill and/or their relatives for treatment. This study aimed to assess clergymen’s beliefs about the etiology and treatment of mental illnesses in southwest Nigeria.
Methods: The study was qualitative design and ethnographic in nature, conducted on one hundred and forty-eight clergymen at the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. A convenient sampling technique was used and Self-administered questionnaires to obtain sociodemographic details. An In-depth/Semi-structured interview involving Focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) was used for the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The sociodemographic variables were presented on a frequency table.
Results: The study involved hundred and forty-eight respondents with male preponderance. From the focus group discussion and key informant interview, respondents believed that mental illness depends on the victim’s predispositions and could as well result from spiritual attacks directly or indirectly through or from ancestral lineage, genetic factors, or evil forces. Although most of the respondents argued that mental illness is caused solely by spiritual attacks and can only be treated by spiritual means like an exorcism. However, the majority believed that a holistic approach to treatment must involve the spiritual, psychological and medical.
Conclusion: The factor of theological education shines through in the definition, recognition, treatment, the concept of cure and clergy role in the management and community advocacy for mental illness although within the context of cultural beliefs of supernatural etiology of mental illness. With improved knowledge and their holistic approach to care, the clergymen will be able to effectively work with the orthodox medical practitioners in a wholesome way through an effective referral system, ensuring compliance, rehabilitation and banishing discrimination.
The Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Feeding on the Growth of Mutiara Catfish Seeds (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Ashqolani Muhammad Mahfud , Haetami Kiki , Maulina Ine , Mulyani Yuniar 
Published: February 2023

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of feeding in the form of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) to increase the growth of the (Clarias gariepinus) mutiara catfish seeds.
Study Design: This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. The treatments are a combination of commercial feed and maggots consisting of A (control, 100% commercial feed), B (75% commercial feed + 25% dry maggot), C (50% commercial feed + 50% dry maggot) and D (100 % dry maggot).
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted from August 2022 to September 2022 at the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, Indramayu Regency. Mutiara catfish seeds were obtained from the Cipancuh Fish Seed Center, commercial feed and dried maggot were obtained from online stores whose quality was guaranteed.
Methodology: The parameters observed in this study were survival, specific growth rate and water quality. The water quality observed included temperature, pH, DO and ammonia levels. Mutiara catfish fry were maintained for 40 days by feeding them three times a day. Length data collection and survival value are carried out every ten days as well as water quality testing using certain tools.
Results: The results showed that the combination of commercial feed and dry maggot had an effect on the specific length growth rate and survival of mutiara catfish seeds. the combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot produced the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%, 75% commercial feed and 25% dry maggot produced a specific length growth rate of 13.36%, with 100% commercial feed % resulted in a specific growth rate of 11.83% and by feeding 100% dry maggot produced the lowest growth rate of 8.03%. The highest survival rate was in treatment D by feeding 100% dry maggot with a value of 91%, the survival rate in the treatment given a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in a value of 84%, with 75% commercial feeding and maggot dry 25% resulted in a survival rate of 79.50% and the lowest survival rate at 100% commercial feeding was 78.50%. the water quality of the maintenance media is in accordance with the effective requirements for the maintenance of SNI mutiara catfish seeds.
Conclusion: Giving a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% dry maggot resulted in the highest specific length growth rate of 16.19%. The highest survival rate of mutiara catfish seeds was obtained by feeding 100% dry maggot, which was 91%.
Extraction of Essential Oil from a Leaf of Piper betle L. (Paan) by Hydro-distillation Method
Authors: Sarkar Urmila 
Published: February 2023

Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents.
The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.
Prevalence and Antibiogram of Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp Isolated from Oral Cavity of Students in a Tertiary Institution
Authors: Akani N. P. , Amadi S. C. , Barika P. N. , Akintola A. A. 
Published: February 2023

Bacteremia and systemic infection caused by Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp are uncommon and their resistance to antibiotics are becoming overwhelming. Hence, this study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antibiogram of Rothia mucilaginosa and Staphylococcus spp from oral cavity of students in a Tertiary Institution. A total of fifty (50) specimen were collected from the oral cavity of male and female students in Rivers State University and subjected to standard microbiological procedures such as culturing, isolation, identification as well as antibiotic susceptibility test. Sixty-seven (67) bacterial isolates were identified with Staphylococcus aureus 43(64.2%) occurring most, followed by Rothia mucilaginosa 18(26.7%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis 6(8.9%). All the isolates of Rothia mucilaginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were positive for the presence of haemolysin and catalase enzymes. The results of the percentage occurrence among male and female students revealed that Staphylococcus aureus had the highest occurrence (64.18%:59.38%) followed closely by Rothia mucilaginosa (22.86%:31.25%) while Staphylococcus epidermidis had the least prevalence (8.95%:9.37%) in male and female respectively. The result of the susceptibility patterns showed that majority of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rothia mucilaginosa were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (90.70%; 100%; 83.33%) and gentamicin (76.74%; 83.33%: 100%), and highly resistant to azithromycin (44.19% and 66.67%) for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Rothia mucilaginosa were highly resistant to ampiclox (61.11%). The results of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices, showed that 86.05% of S. aureus; 83.33% of R. mucilaginosa and 100% of S. epidermidis had MAR indices ≥ 0.2. This study displays serious threat to public health because these microorganisms which showed some virulent factors such as production of haemolysin and catalase enzymes may cause life threatening infections in immunocompromised persons. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics to prevent increased antimicrobial resistance is advocated.
An Autofluorescent Hydrogel with Water‐Dependent Emission for Dehydration‐Visualizable Smart Wearable Electronics
Authors: Wang Yilei , Liu Hao , Xie Hui , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWearable flexible electronics that are derived from hydrogels inevitably undergo dehydration, and the sensing performance is highly affected because the stretchability and conductivity weaken. Monitoring the water retention rate of hydrogels as they operate without dismantling the assembled sensing device is vital for evaluating sensing performances and intervening in a timely manner to address the problem. However, relevant research is still lacking. Herein, an autofluorescent hydrogel is engineered based on clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) for wearable strain‐sensing electronics that can undergo self‐visualizing dehydration. The fluorescence intensity of the CTE‐type autofluorescent hydrogel depends on the aggregation level of molecule clusters that are dangled on the gel networks, which is dominated by the water retention rate of the hydrogel. Thus, the dehydration process can be reflected by the fluorescent images taken in a scenario of long‐term strain‐sensing. This strategy helps the operator evaluate the water retention rate of the hydrogel without removing it from the assembled electronics and then quickly address the problem. In addition, this strategy is also applicable for dehydration‐tolerant systems, demonstrating the versatility of the autofluorescent hydrogel. Overall, the CTE‐type autofluorescent hydrogel will promote the development of high‐performance and smart wearable electronics.
Analysis and Experiment of Self‐Powered, Pulse‐Based Energy Harvester Using 400 V FEP‐Based Segmented Triboelectric Nanogenerators and 98.2% Tracking Efficient Power Management IC for Multi‐Functional IoT Applications
Authors: Chandrarathna Seneke Chamith , Graham Sontyana Adonijah , Ali Muhammad , Ranaweera Arambewaththe Lekamalage Aruna Kumara , Karunarathne Migara Lakshitha , Yu Jae Su , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA self‐powered system for the Internet of Things (IoT) is demonstrated for efficient energy harvesting of naturally available mechanical energy. In this system, new contact‐separation mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on fluorinated ethylene propylene, are investigated using the segmented multi‐TENG configuration to reduce the effect of parasitic capacitance. The TENG extraction is optimized using a unit step excitation involved with the Dawson function to achieve a high voltage (400 V) and a high current (26.6 µA). To fully extract the power of the TENGs, the power management integrated circuit (PMIC) specially designed for adaptively controlled, high‐voltage (HV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The PMIC implemented in a bipolar CMOS‐DMOS 180 nm process can handle a wide input range (5–70 V) by consuming 420 nW. The MPPT control allows a wide range of impedance matching from 10 to 300 MΩ, achieving a tracking efficiency of up to 98.2%. The end‐to‐end efficiency of 88% demonstrates state‐of‐the‐art performance. To supply a higher instantaneous power than that available from the TENGs, a duty‐cycling technique is successfully demonstrated. The proposed energy harvesting system provides a promising approach to realizing sustainable and autonomous energy sources for various IoT applications.
Advances in Wearable Strain Sensors Based on Electrospun Fibers
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Xiao Xiao , Carlo Aiden Di , Yin Junyi , Wang Yanxin , Huang Linjun , Tang Jianguo , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWearable strain sensors with the ability of detecting physiological activities play an important role in personalized healthcare. Electrospun fibers have become a popular building block for wearable strain sensors due to their excellent mechanical properties, breathability, and light weight. In this review, the structure and preparation process of electrospun fibers and the conductive layer are systematically introduced. The impact of materials and structures of electrospun fibers on the wearable strain sensors with a following discussion of sensing performance optimization strategies is outlined. Furthermore, the applications of electrospun fiber‐based wearable strain sensors in biomonitoring, motion detection, and human‐machine interaction are presented. Finally, the challenges and promising future directions for the community of wearable strain sensors based on electrospun fibers are pointed out.
Graphene Oxide Based Transparent Resins For Accurate 3D Printing of Conductive Materials
Authors: Tilve‐Martinez David , Neri Wilfrid , Horaud Dylan , Vukadinovic Nicolas , Berton Benoit , Desmedt Arnaud , Yuan Jinkai , Poulin Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDigital Light Processing (DLP) allows the fast realization of 3D objects with high spatial resolution. However, DLP is limited to transparent resins, and therefore not well suited for printing electrically conductive materials. Manufacturing conductive materials will significantly broaden the spectrum of applications of the DLP technology. But conductive metals or carbon‐based fillers absorb and scatter light; inhibiting thereby photopolymerization, and lowering resolution. In this study, UV transparent liquid crystal graphene oxide (GO) is used as precursor for generating in situ conductive particles. The GO materials are added to a photopolymerizable resin via an original solvent exchange process. By contrast to earlier contributions, the absence of drying during the all process allows the GO material to be transferred as monolayers to limit UV scattering. The absence of UV scattering and absorption allows for fast and high‐resolution 3D printing. The chosen resin sustain high temperature to enable an in situ efficient thermal reduction of GO into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) that is electrically conductive. The rGO particles form percolated networks with conductivities up to 1.2 × 10−2 S m−1. The present method appears therefore as a way to reconcile the DLP technology with the manufacturing of 3D electrically conductive objects.
Regulating Inorganic and Organic Components to Build Amorphous‐ZnFx Enriched Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Highly Reversible Zn Metal Chemistry
Authors: Liang Guojin , Tang Zijie , Han Bing , Zhu Jiaxiong , Chen Ao , Li Qing , Chen Ze , Huang Zhaodong , Li Xinliang , Yang Qi , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe introduction of inorganic crystallites into a solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) is an effective strategy for improving the reversibility of the Zn metal anode (ZMA). However, the structure–performance relationship of the SEI is not fully understood because the existing forms of its inorganic and organic components in their pristine states are not resolved. Here, a highly effective SEI is constructed for ZMA using a bisolvent electrolyte and resolved its composition/structure by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. This highly fluorinated SEI with amorphous inorganic ZnFx uniformly distributed in the organic matrix is largely different from the common mosaic and multilayer SEIs with crystalline inorganics. It features improved structural integrity, mechanical toughness, and Zn2+ ion conductivity. Consequently, the ZMA exhibits excellent reversibility with an enhanced plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. The ZMA‐based full cell achieves a high Zn utilization ratio of 54% at a practical areal capacity of 3.2 mAh cm−2 and stable cycling over 1800 h during which the accumulated capacity reached 5600 mAh cm−2. This research highlights the detailed structure and composition of amorphous SEIs for highly reversible metal anodes.
2‐nm‐Thick Indium Oxide Featuring High Mobility
Authors: Nguyen Chung Kim , Mazumder Aishani , Mayes Edwin LH , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Zavabeti Ali , Murdoch Billy J. , Guo Xiangyang , Aukarasereenont Patjaree , Dubey Aditya , Jannat Azmira , Wei Xiaotian , Truong Vi Khanh , Bao Lei , Roberts Ann , McConville Chris F. , Walia Sumeet , Syed Nitu , Daeneke Torben 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThin film transistors (TFTs) are key components for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices, resulting in a push for the wider exploration of semiconducting materials and cost‐effective synthesis processes. In this report, a simple approach is proposed to achieve 2‐nm‐thick indium oxide nanosheets from liquid metal surfaces by employing a squeeze printing technique and thermal annealing at 250 °C in air. The resulting materials exhibit a high degree of transparency (>99 %) and an excellent electron mobility of ≈96 cm2 V−1 s−1, surpassing that of pristine printed 2D In2O3 and many other reported 2D semiconductors. UV‐detectors based on annealed 2D In2O3 also benefit from this process step, with the photoresponsivity reaching 5.2 × 104 and 9.4 × 103 A W−1 at the wavelengths of 285 and 365 nm, respectively. These values are an order of magnitude higher than for as‐synthesized 2D In2O3. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy with in situ annealing, it is demonstrated that the improvement in device performances is due to nanostructural changes within the oxide layers during annealing process. This work highlights a facile and ambient air compatible method for fabricating high‐quality semiconducting oxides, which will find application in emerging transparent electronics and optoelectronics.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Mediated Surface Functionalization of Boron Nitride Micro‐Lamellae toward High Thermal Conductive Papers
Authors: Yu Shulei , Liao PeiChi , Zhang Yilin , Li Yifei , Tian Huifeng , Li Ruijie , Liu Shizhuo , Yao Zhixin , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Yihan , Zhang Lina Yang , U SASAKI , Guo Junjie , Wang Lifen , Bai Shulin , Chen Ji , Bai Xuedong , Liu Lei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap, layered hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) possesses excellent electrical insulation and ultrahigh thermal conductivity simultaneously, offering a perfect candidate for the growing demands of heating dissipations in modern chip industries and power electronics. Hybrids of h‐BN with polymers fulfill the thermal management materials (TMMs) requirement of flexibility, while the composite poses severe challenges in the interfacial bonding and excess thermal resistance. To date, the practical bonding between h‐BN intrinsic surfaces and polymer matrices remains elusive. This work reports on the effective alignment of h‐BN micro‐lamellae by introducing nitrogen‐atoms‐containing polymers as inter‐lamellae bridging mediums. Based on theoretical calculations the hydrogen bonding between polymer chains and the BN surface is revealed by differential charge densities mapping. It is shown experimentally that the neuron‐like polymer bundles strongly bonding surfaces of two neighboring h‐BN platelets as direct, microscopic evidence of the structure models. An extra alignment of h‐BN induced by this strong interfacial interaction leads to a higher degree of h‐BN stacking order, boosting the thermal conduction by eight times. These results reveal one unprecedented method to non‐covalently functionalize the h‐BN surface and expand the TMMs family in the dimension of the filler size, paving the way for exploring the larger‐sized ceramic TMMs.
Thermally Stable Self‐Trapped Assisted Single‐Component White Light from Lead‐Free Zero‐Dimensional Metal Halide Nanocrystals
Authors: Samanta Tuhin , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Jang Sung Woo , Min Jeong Wan , Cho Han Bin , Han Joo Hyeong , Im Won Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhite‐light‐emitting single‐component materials are in high demand for lighting applications. However, achieving white light in single‐doped metal halide materials remains a challenge. Herein, for the first time, zero‐dimensional Cs3ScCl6:Sb3+(CSC:Sb3+) nanocrystals (NCs) are reported that exhibit bright white‐light emission, which is a result of combination of the excessive blue and yellow emissions of carbon dots and spin‐forbidden electronic transitions of Sb3+ ions. CSC:Sb3+ NCs exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 48%. Furthermore, they retain 75% of their original photoluminescence efficiency at 100 °C. This high thermal stability is mainly attributed to its lower dimensionality and high exciton binding energy as they facilitate the creation of stable white light at elevated temperatures. A single‐component white‐light‐emitting diode fabricated using CSC:Sb3+ NCs exhibits a high‐color rendering index and luminous efficacy values of 90 and 23 lm W−1 at a high flux current of 200 mA. Therefore, the findings may pave the way for developing the next generation of white‐light‐emitting devices using a single component of white‐light‐emitting material.
Increasing the Power: Absorption Bleach, Thermal Quenching, and Auger Quenching of the Red‐Emitting Phosphor K2TiF6:Mn4+
Authors: de Wit Jur W. , van Swieten Thomas P. , van de Haar Marie Anne , Meijerink Andries , Rabouw Freddy T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMn4+‐doped fluorides are popular phosphors for warm‐white lighting, converting blue light from light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) into red light. However, they suffer from droop, that is, decreasing performance at increasing power, limiting their applicability for high‐power applications. Previous studies highlight different causes of droop. Here, a unified picture of droop of Mn4+‐doped K2TiF6, accounting for all previously proposed mechanisms, is provided. Combining continuous‐wave and pulsed experiments on samples of different Mn4+content with kinetic Monte Carlo modeling, the contributions of absorption bleach, thermal quenching, and Auger quenching at different excitation densities, are quantified. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental limitations of these materials and may inspire strategies to make Mn4+‐doped fluorides more efficient in high‐power applications.
Spin‐Manipulated Photonic Skyrmion‐Pair for Pico‐Metric Displacement Sensing
Authors: Yang Aiping , Lei Xinrui , Shi Peng , Meng Fanfei , Lin Min , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotonic spin skyrmions with deep‐subwavelength features have aroused considerable interest in recent years. However, the manipulation of spin structure in the skyrmions in a desired manner is still a challenge, while this is crucial for developing the skyrmion‐based applications. Here, an approach of optical spin manipulation by utilizing the spin‐momentum equation is proposed to investigate the spin texture in a photonic skyrmion‐pair. With the benefit of the proposed approach, a unique spin texture with spin angular momentum varying linearly along the line connecting the two skyrmion centers is theoretically designed and experimentally verified. The optimized spin texture is then applied in a displacement‐sensing system, which is capable of attaining pico‐metric sensitivity. Compared with the conventional polarization and phase schemes, the spin‐based manipulation mechanism provides a new pathway for optical modulation, which is of great value in nanophotonics from both fundamental and application.