bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Combustion Instabilities in Swirling Flames with Hydrogen Enrichment
Authors: Gong Yu , Fredrich Daniel , Marquis Andrew J. , Jones William P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work presents a numerical study on technically premixed, swirl-stabilised flames in the PRECCINSTA model combustor. The employed method, BOFFIN-LES, comprises a fully compressible formulation to study unsteady combustion with thermo-acoustic instabilities. To allow for this, the iso-thermal flows are first investigated, based on which three reacting cases are established. The investigation delves into various aspects including flame topology, flow characteristics, and the related thermo-acoustic and hydrodynamic instabilities are studied and results are benchmarked against available measurement data. The dominant feedback mechanism of the observed thermo-acoustic fluctuations is identified; the evolution of the helical vortex is discussed together with the related flame stabilisation process. Furthermore, the interplay of the thermo-acoustic oscillations, helical structure, and the flame stabilisation process is summarised in the end, with the potential effect of the wall-heat transfer on them discussed. This work establishes that the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) effectively captures the iso-thermal flow dynamics and the flame topology under various operating conditions, with a good prediction of the thermo-acoustic frequencies in all the cases. The dominant driving mechanism of the observed thermo-acoustic fluctuations was identified as a combined effect of equivalence ratio and velocity fluctuations in all the cases investigated. The effect of Hydrogen enrichment on modifying the flame topology and changing the thermo-acoustic instability features are well predicted by the simulations. Moreover, different modes of the helical vortex are detected, and their periodic excitement, evolution, and effect on flame stabilisation are discussed in great detail. To conclude, this LES-based investigation offers valuable insights into the complex interplay of unsteady combustion, acoustic fluctuations, flow dynamics, and solid boundaries within swirling flames subjected to unsteady conditions.
The Legacy of Coordinative Practice: How the Mesh of Formal and Informal Articulation Work Through Time Affects a Shipyard in Transition
Authors: Giskeødegård Marte F. , Kjersem Kristina , Almklov Petter G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article explores the balance, and the shift in balance, between technologies and practices that coordinate work. The empirical data stems from a primarily qualitative study of a Norwegian shipyard in a phase of transition, where new models of collaboration emerge due to changes in the company environment. The article highlights the interplay between formal and informal articulation work, as well as the role of coordinative IT artifacts in this regard. With this background, the findings show that the balance (between coordinative technologies and practices) shifts depending on circumstances. Thus, the more formal coordination gains importance as transitions increases the need for detailed instructions. The findings also show that the existing IT infrastructure (the legacy) lacks the granularity as a coordinative artifact to facilitate necessary change in the organizational work arrangement, and how the workers cope with such issues. Based on this, the paper provides insights into how articulation work and its sociomaterial aspects develops over time in the interplay of organizational and technological change (or lack thereof).
Appearance of the rotifer community as a potential indicator of stable paleohydrological conditions in peatlands since the Late Glacial: a case study of three wetlands in Poland
Authors: Pociecha Agnieszka , Buczek Krzysztof , Margielewski Włodzimierz , Kupryjanowicz Mirosława , Fiłoc Magdalena , Korzeń Katarzyna , Krąpiec Marek , Sala Dariusz , Obidowicz Andrzej , Michczyńska Danuta J. , Michczyński Adam , Borówka Ryszard , Tomkowiak Julita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn paleolimnological studies, rotifers are usually a very rare component in multiproxy research. These small invertebrates are identified from sediments by their loricas. Analysis of subfossil rotifers was conducted for sediment cores collected from three peatlands in within Poland: the Grel raised bog (S Poland, Carpathians, Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin), the Imszar raised bog (NE Poland, Podlasie Region), and the Podemszczyzna peatland (SE Poland, Sandomierz Basin). Results were compared with multiproxy analyses of peat deposits: pollen of aquatic and mire plants, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), and geochemical analyses. Analysis of the rotifers indicated the occurrence of the bdelloid species Habrotrocha angusticollis (Murray, 1905). In all profiles of the studied peatlands, the occurrence of rotifers was not correlated with pollen of aquatic or mire plants or NPPs; they seem to be more related to geochemical indices. The highest densities of rotifers were found in profile sections without significant fluctuations of geochemical variables, i.e. those with higher Na/K (chemical denudation) ratios and stable redox conditions (Fe/Mn ratio). The study of subfossil rotifers supported by multiproxy analysis of peat deposits could be a useful tool for indication of periods with stable palaeohydrological conditions during the Late Glacial and Holocene.
$$C_2$$ generalization of the van Diejen model from the minimal $$(D_5,D_5)$$ conformal matter
Authors: Nazzal Belal , Nedelin Anton 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study superconformal indices of 4d compactifications of the 6d minimal $$(D_{N+3},D_{N+3})$$

(

D

N
+
3

,

D

N
+
3

)

conformal matter theories on a punctured Riemann surface. Introduction of supersymmetric surface defect in these theories is done at the level of the index by the action of the finite difference operators on the corresponding indices. There exist at least three different types of such operators according to three types of punctures with $$A_N, C_N$$

A
N

,

C
N

and $$\left( A_1\right) ^N$$

A
1

N

global symmetries. We mainly concentrate on $$C_2$$

C
2

case and derive explicit expression for an infinite tower of difference operators generalizing the van Diejen model. We check various properties of these operators originating from the geometry of compactifications. We also provide an expression for the kernel function of both our $$C_2$$

C
2

operator and previously derived $$A_2$$

A
2

generalization of van Diejen model. Finally, we also consider compactifications with $$A_N$$

A
N

-type punctures and derive the full tower of commuting difference operators corresponding to this root system generalizing the result of our previous paper.
Contact Tracing App Privacy: What Data is Shared by Non-GAEN Contact Tracing Apps
Authors: Leith Douglas J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe describe the data transmitted to backend servers by the contact tracing apps now deployed in France (TousAntiCovid), Australia (CovidSafe), Singapore (TraceTogether), US/Florida (CombatCovid), Israel (HaMagen), India (Aarogya Setu) with the aim of evaluating the privacy of these contact tracing apps as actually deployed. To the best of our knowledge, the measurements we present are the first public data of this sort for the French, Australian, Israeli, Indian and Florida apps. We find that TousAntiCovid and CovidSafe are generally well-behaved with regard to privacy. TraceTogether and CombatCovid make extensive use of Google Firebase services which means that that there are two main parties involved in handling data transmitted from these apsp, namely Google and the health authority operating the app itself. HaMagen is well-behaved for uninfected users of the app but GPS location data associated with infected is publicly published on the HaMagen server. Aarogya Setu, with >160M users, is found to have a number of serious privacy issues, including silent upload of logged location data.
Systematic Review of Gaming and Neuropsychological Assessment of Social Cognition
Authors: Hurel Elodie , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Bouillard Orianne , Chirio-Espitalier Marion , Barrangou-Poueys-Darlas Malcolm , Challet-Bouju Gaëlle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Playing video games is associated with cognitive changes and possibly psychosocial difficulties. Problematic gaming occurs upon the loss of control over videogame playing; gaming disorder is considered a behavioral addiction in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases. Models used to understand behavioral addictions include cognition as an essential factor in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addiction. Nevertheless, some aspects of cognition, such as social cognition, remain underexplored, despite evidence of alterations in cognitive and social function among patients with problematic gaming. This review aimed to describe the current understanding of social cognition in individuals exposed to videogames. We included all studies assessing social cognition in participants of any age with a wide range of exposure to video games (from simple use of video games (such as at least two exposures) to problematic gaming, defined according to the included study). This wide range of exposure allowed us to explore the whole process from repeated exposure to addiction. We included only studies that used neuropsychological tasks to assess social cognition. Patient-reported outcomes that could be biased by subjective self-report data were not included. The search was conducted from inception to January 2022 in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science). The systematic search identified 39 studies that assessed facial emotion processing, empathy, theory of mind, social decision-making, aggressive behavior, and moral competence. In general, results have been mixed, and a number of questions remain unanswered. Nevertheless, several studies showed cerebral changes when processing facial emotion that were linked with problematic gaming, while no link was obtained between nonproblematic gaming and empathy alterations. The influences of cooperation patterns, theory of mind, moral competence, and gaming frequency were highlighted. Finally, there was substantial heterogeneity in the population assessed and the methods used.
Mobile phone-based approach bias retraining for smokers seeking abstinence: a randomized-controlled study
Authors: Machulska Alla , Eiler Tanja Joan , Haßler Benjamin , Kleinke Kristian , Brück Rainer , Jahn Katharina , Niehaves Björn , Klucken Tim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Approach bias modification (ApBM) has shown promise in addiction treatment, but effects are small and ecological validity suffers from completing trainings in the laboratory. Providing app-based trainings via mobile phones could increase training efficacy. One-hundred-and-thirty-one smokers seeking abstinence attended a smoking cessation intervention and were thereafter randomized to one of three conditions: (a) app-based ApBM-training; (b) app-based sham training; (c) no training. App trainings were performed on 14 consecutive days at home. Behavioral and self-report data was assessed at pretest, posttest, and a 6-week follow-up. App-based ApBM led to stronger reductions in cigarette smoking as compared to no training. However, both training variants led to stronger declines in nicotine dependence and the sham training was superior in reducing alcohol consumption. Although approach biases for positive cues increased following ApBM training, this effect did not mediate treatment outcome. Other smoking-related cognitive biases did not change after training. Our results can inform future research in the optimization and advancement of ApBM treatment for addiction.

Trial registration
Registered with Current Controlled Trials: study ID ISRCTN15690771. Registered on 20 November 2018; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15690771.
Futures for invasive alien species management: using bottom-up innovations to envision positive systemic change
Authors: van Velden J. L. , Biggs R. , Hichert T. , Booth P. , Büchner-Marais C. , Esler K. J. , Lewarne M. , Potgieter L. J. , Rahlao S. J. , Rebelo A. J. , Robinson T. B. , van Wilgen N. J. , Richardson D. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) pose a key threat to biodiversity, the economy and human well-being, and continue to increase in abundance and impact worldwide. Legislation and policy currently dominate the global agenda for IAS, although translation to localised success may be limited. This calls for a wider range of responses to transform IAS management. An under-appreciated strategy to achieve success may come from bottom-up, experimental innovations (so-called “seeds”), which offer alternative visions of what may be possible for IAS management in the future. We present an application of a participatory process that builds on such innovations to create alternative visions of the future, with actionable pathways to guide change. Through a series of workshops with practitioners and academics, we used this process to explore alternative positive futures for IAS management in South Africa. We then identified a set of domains of change, that could enable these visions to be actioned by appropriate stakeholders. The domains of change highlight the social–ecological nature of the IAS sector, with interconnected actions needed in financial, cultural, social, technological and governance spheres. Key domains identified were the need to shift mindsets and values of society regarding IAS, as well as the need for appropriate and functional financing. This participatory futuring process offers a way to interrogate and scale bottom-up innovations, thereby creating optimism and allowing stakeholders to engage constructively with the future. This represents an important step in fostering the potential of bottom-up innovations to transform IAS management.
iOCT-guided simulated subretinal injections: a comparison between manual and robot-assisted techniques in an ex-vivo porcine model
Authors: Maierhofer Niklas A. , Jablonka Anne-Marie , Roodaki Hessam , Nasseri M. Ali , Eslami Abouzar , Klaas Julian , Lohmann Chris P. , Maier Mathias , Zapp Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare robot-assisted and manual subretinal injections in terms of successful subretinal blistering, reflux incidences and damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Subretinal injection was simulated on 84 ex-vivo porcine eyes with half of the interventions being carried out manually and the other half by controlling a custom-built robot in a master–slave fashion. After pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), the retinal target spot was determined under a LUMERA 700 microscope with microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) RESCAN 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). For injection, a 1 ml syringe filled with perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) was tipped with a 40-gauge metal cannula (Incyto Co., Ltd., South Korea). In one set of trials, the needle was attached to the robot’s end joint and maneuvered robotically to the retinal target site. In another set of trials, approaching the retina was performed manually. Intraretinal cannula-tip depth was monitored continuously via iOCT. At sufficient depth, PFCL was injected into the subretinal space. iOCT images and fundus video recordings were used to evaluate the surgical outcome. Robotic injections showed more often successful subretinal blistering (73.7% vs. 61.8%, p > 0.05) and a significantly lower incidence of reflux (23.7% vs. 58.8%, p < 0.01). Although larger tip depths were achieved in successful manual trials, RPE penetration occurred in 10.5% of robotic but in 26.5% of manual cases (p > 0.05). In conclusion, significantly less reflux incidences were achieved with the use of a robot. Furthermore, RPE penetrations occurred less and successful blistering more frequently when performing robotic surgery.
Bioinspired and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: A Green Perspective
Authors: Arshad Fareeha , Naikoo Gowhar A. , Hassan Israr U. , Chava Sai Raghuveer , El-Tanani Mohamed , Aljabali Alaa A , Tambuwala Murtaza M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unmatched chemical, biological, and physical properties that make them unique compounds as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. With the increasing drug resistance, AgNPs serve as promising entities for targeted drug therapy against several bacterial, fungal, and viral components. In addition, AgNPs also serve as successful anticancer agents against several cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Several works in recent years have been done towards the development of AgNPs by using plant extracts like flowers, leaves, bark, root, stem, and whole plant parts. The green method of AgNP synthesis thus has several advantages over chemical and physical methods, especially the low cost of synthesis, no toxic byproducts, eco-friendly production pathways, can be easily regenerated, and the bio-reducing potential of plant derived nanoparticles. Furthermore, AgNPs are biocompatible and do not harm normally functioning human or host cells. This review provides an exhaustive overview and potential of green synthesized AgNPs that can be used as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. After a brief introduction, we discussed the recent studies on the development of AgNPs from different plant extracts, including leaf parts, seeds, flowers, stems, bark, root, and whole plants. In the following section, we highlighted the different therapeutic actions of AgNPs against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We then highlighted the general mechanism of action of AgNPs. The advantages of the green synthesis method over chemical and physical methods were then discussed in the article. Finally, we concluded the review by providing future perspectives on this promising field in nanotechnology.
Cotton Textile Dyeing by Plant-Derived Colorants in the Presence of Natural Additives
Authors: Brudzyńska Patrycja , Sionkowska Alina , Grisel Michel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research reported in this paper concerns the examination of the ability to dye cotton textiles with plant-derived colorants in the presence of various natural additives. For this purpose, cotton textile samples were dyed with commercially available plant-derived dyes, which are usually used for food application, using a cold dyeing process in acidic conditions. The natural origin additives which were applied during the dyeing process were cosmetic grade and low molecular weight chitosan, nettle extract and shellac in an ethanol solution. The dyed fabrics were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were tested to study the influence of colorants and additives on cotton textile properties or the dyeing process. Furthermore, the color stability under the influence of UVC irradiation was studied, using a colorimeter. The obtained results indicated that applied plant-derived colorants may effectively dye natural fabrics, such as cotton. The application of natural additives had a beneficial influence on cotton textile properties and the dyeing process. The pretreatment of cotton with chitosan, nettle extract or shellac improves the color stability following UVC irradiation of the material. Moreover, those additives can influence the mechanical properties of cotton textiles. Further research, however, is required to develop the most favorable dyeing conditions in each case.
The Dynamics of Seagrass Ecosystems: History, Past Accomplishments, and Future Prospects
Authors: Orth Robert J. , Heck Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe goal of this perspective is to review how seagrass research has evolved over the past half century to our current state of knowledge. We review how our knowledge of seagrass ecosystems changed from the pre-1970s when so little was known about seagrasses and how it progressed during the next 5 decades when seagrass knowledge rapidly expanded. Here, we concentrate on accomplishments in the areas of reproductive biology and ecology, population biology, seagrass-animal relationships, conservation and restoration, and mapping and monitoring. We also look ahead and discuss some areas that are ripe for future research, especially those employing new mapping and monitoring technologies, improved restoration methods that include multiple genetic variants, rhizosphere studies that result in a deeper understanding of microbial effects on nitrogen availability, sulfide levels and carbon sequestration, and how changing climatic regimes and tropicalization will likely affect temperate and tropical seagrass-dominated ecosystems.
The Prophylactic Protection of Salmonella Typhimurium Infection by Lentilactobacillus buchneri GX0328-6 in Mice
Authors: Shi Yan , Peng Hao , Liao Yuying , Li Jun , Yin Yangyan , Peng Hongyan , Wang Leping , Tan Yizhou , Li Changting , Bai Huili , Ma Chunxia , Tan Wenbao , Li Xun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSalmonellosis is a disease caused by non-typhoid Salmonella, and although some lactic acid bacteria strains have been shown previously to relieve Salmonellosis symptoms, little has been studied about the preventive mechanism of Lentilactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri) against Salmonella infection in vivo. Therefore, the L. buchneri was fed to C57BL/6 mice for 10 days to build a protective system of mice to study its prevention and possible mechanisms. The results showed that L. buchneri GX0328-6 alleviated symptoms caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection among C57BL/6 mice, including low survival rate, weight loss, increase in immune organ index and hepatosplenomegaly, and modulated serum immunoglobulin levels and intrinsic immunity. Importantly, the L. buchneri GX0328-6 enhanced the mucosal barrier of the mouse jejunum by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, occludins, and claudins-4 and improved absorptive capacity by increasing the length of mouse jejunal villus and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth and decreasing the crypt depth. L. buchneri GX0328-6 reduced the intestinal proliferation and invasion of Salmonella typhimurium by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the intestinal tract of mice, and reduced intestinal inflammation and systemic spread in mice by downregulating the expression of IL-6 and promoting the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, L. buchneri GX0328-6 increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria colonies and decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria in the cecum microflora by modulating the microflora in the cecum contents.
AC conductivity and dielectric properties of InxTe20−xSe80 chalcogenides
Authors: Afify Ibrahim Hasan , Farag El-Sayed M. , Abo-Ghazala M. S. , El-Zaidia M. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChalcogenide samples with chemical formula InxTe20−xSe80 (x = 5, 10 and 15 at %) were prepared using melt quenching method. AC conductivity σ, dielectric constant κ and loss tangent tanδ were measured using two probe method in frequency range from 100 Hz to 5 MHz and temperature range from 26 to 100 °C. All samples exhibited usual dispersion and temperature variation of chalcogenides. Conduction activation energy E was determined from temperature dependence of conductivity using Arrhenius relation. Conductivity, activation energy, dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increasing In-content.