bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic confinement less microwave discharge gridded ion thruster
Authors: Zeng Ming , Liu Hui , Huang Hongyan , Yu Daren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A watt-level microwave discharge is induced without magnetic confinement for a high-precision gridded ion thruster, making use of a coaxial transmission line resonator. The thruster is characterized by performance measurements and plasma diagnosis, and a description of the operating mechanism of this thruster is given in this paper. A Faraday probe and a retarding potential analyzer are employed for the diagnosis. The results show that the plume divergence increases due to the electric field formed between the plume and the ion-induced electron emission cathode. A discharge mode transition is found during the increase of the microwave power, in which the bulk heating mode is converted to the surface heating mode. The magnetic-less microwave discharge gridded ion thruster performs a continuously adjustable thrust range of 5–115 μN and a highest total efficiency of 17.2%. Compared to the common ECR ion thruster, this thruster is free from magneto-static interference on the instruments and the additional magnetic momentum on the spacecraft.
Probing quantum correlations in many-body systems: a review of scalable methods
Authors: Frérot Irénée , Fadel Matteo , Lewenstein Maciej 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We review methods that allow one to detect and characterize quantum correlations in many-body systems, with a special focus on approaches which are scalable. Namely, those applicable to systems with many degrees of freedom, without requiring a number of measurements or computational resources to analyze the data that scale exponentially with the system size. We begin with introducing the concepts of quantum entanglement, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, and Bell nonlocality in the bipartite scenario, to then present their multipartite generalization. We review recent progress on characterizing these quantum correlations from partial information on the system state, such as through data-driven methods or witnesses based on low-order moments of collective observables. We then review state-of-the-art experiments that demonstrate the preparation, manipulation and detection of highly-entangled many-body systems. For each platform (e.g. atoms, ions, photons, superconducting circuits) we illustrate the available toolbox for state preparation and measurement, emphasizing the challenges that each system poses. To conclude, we present a list of timely open problems in the field.
High temperature superconductors for commercial magnets
Authors: Godeke Arno 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The steadily increasing magnetic fields that can be generated with superconducting magnets are reaching the limits of what is achievable with low-temperature superconductors (LTS). At the same time, a reduction of fossil-fuel extraction will amplify the already limited availability of helium as a coolant for superconducting magnets in the near future. Hence, manufacturers of commercial applications that rely on superconducting magnets have become increasingly interested in exploring technologies that enable a move beyond the magnetic-field limitations posed by LTS conductors, and/or enable higher operating temperatures to allow for cryogen-free operation. High-temperature superconductors (HTS), such as

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(Bi-2212), and Bi

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(Bi-2223) have all matured to a certain commercial extent, and have thereby become enablers for such technologies. The emergence of various new commercial magnet-systems that utilize HTS, suggests that we are at the dawn of a wider commercial implementation. A review of which HTS properties are critical for these magnets, what is currently available, and what is missing, is therefore considered timely and appropriate in this context.
Honeybee flight dynamics and pair separation in windy conditions near the hive entrance
Authors: Hejazi Bardia , Antigny Hugo , Huellstrunk Sophia , Bodenschatz Eberhard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Animals and living organisms are continuously adapting to changes in their environment. How do animals, especially those that are critical to their ecosystem, respond to rapidly changing conditions in their environment? Here, we report on the three-dimensional trajectories of flying honeybees under calm and windy conditions in front of the hive entrance. We also investigate the pitch and yaw in our experiments. We find that the mean velocities, accelerations and angular velocities of honeybees increase with increasing wind speeds. We observed that pair separation between honeybees is highly controlled and independent of wind speeds. Our results on the coordination used by honeybees may have potential applications for coordinated flight of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Measures of non-Gaussianity in axion-string-induced CMB birefringence
Authors: Hagimoto Ray , Long Andrew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe presence of axion strings in the Universe after recombination can leave an imprint on the polarization pattern of the cosmic microwave background radiation through the phenomenon of axion-string-induced birefringence via the hyperlight axion-like particle's coupling to electromagnetism. Across the sky, the polarization rotation angle is expected to display a patchwork of uniform regions with sharp boundaries that arise as the `shadow' of axion string loops. The statistics of such a birefringence sky map are therefore necessarily non-Gaussian. In this article we quantify the non-Gaussianity in axion-string-induced birefringence using two techniques, kurtosis and bispectrum, which correspond to 4- and 3-point correlation functions. If anisotropic birefringence were detected in the future, a measurement of its non-Gaussian properties would facilitate a discrimination across different new physics sources generally, and in the context of axion strings specifically, it would help to break degeneracies between the axion-photon coupling and properties of the string network.
High resistivity free-standing crosslinked graphene oxide substrates: hopping conduction mechanism and application to recyclable electronics
Authors: Ubah Anthony , Zakeri Nima , Cerruti Marta , Szkopek Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene that can be formed into free-standing wafers by aqueous processing methods. We propose GO as a potential alternative printed electronic substrate material to mitigate the waste electronic and electrical equipment problem. By dissolving these substrates in water, GO permits the mechanical separation and recovery of discrete components from defunct circuits, thus closing the life cycle of printed circuits. In this work we measure the anisotropic, frequency dependent resistivity of free-standing GO wafers under DC and AC (f = 0.1 Hz–500 kHz) excitation and in varying relative humidity (RH) conditions. Unmodified GO and GO crosslinked with calcium ions, borate ions, and glutaraldehyde were characterized. AC resistivity measurements reveal charge transport in free-standing GO occurs by several distinct hopping conduction mechanisms that are sensitive to the crosslinking formulation. GO crosslinked with calcium ions exhibits the highest DC resistivity, 4.6 × 105 Ωm and 2.6 × 104 Ωm, for out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively, at 17% RH. Both AC and DC resistivities decrease with increasing RH. We demonstrate that GO wafers can be used as dielectric substrates in the construction of simple electronic circuits with discrete electronic components. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept for electrical trace and component recovery via disassembly of GO wafers in water.
Statistical bias correction for CESM-simulated PM2.5
Authors: Ran Qi , Moore John , Dong Tianyun , Lee Shao-Yi , Dong Wenjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Global climate models are good tools for simulating transnational and interregional transport of pollutants such as PM2.5, which is of growing interest and importance, for example in human health and socio-economic development studies. However, reliable estimates of PM2.5 are very challenging for such relatively coarse and simplified models, and even state of the art models fare poorly in matching satellite observations in many highly polluted, and some almost pristine environments. This work describes a novel bias correction method based on multiple linear regression (MLR) modelling. The target data we aim for is global satellite-based data and the PM2.5 precursors simulated by the Community Earth System Model Version 1.2.2. The statistical method greatly reduced the simulation biases of PM2.5 worldwide compared with satellite-derived PM2.5, especially in highly-polluted regions, such as northern China, the Indo-Gangetic plains, the Democratic Republic of Congo and northwestern Brazil. Root-mean-square differences (RMSD) between continental-averaged observations and simulations are reduced from 75% to 9%. The ensemble RMSD for 13 countries exemplified here is reduced from 116% to 3%. One virtue of the MLR method is that details of the classification of internal mixed modes of each aerosol and their spatial differences are not required. The MLR coefficients are designed to be highly aerosol- and country-dependent, so they provide new perspectives of relative importance of each aerosol to local PM2.5 and offer clues on observational and simulation biases. The bias-correction method is easily applied for air pollutants simulated by global climate models due to its low computational cost.
Study on the influence of temperature and strain rate on the tensile behavior of Ti–5Mo–5Cu alloy biomaterial alloy: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Gowthaman S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The development of efficient biomedical bone tissue implants has invoked significant impact in the biomedical research fields and aids the aged populated peoples. In this examination, the mechanical features of implant material (Ti–5Mo–5Cu alloy) has been investigated using the molecular dynamics method under varying temperature and strain rate to understand its physical phenomenon and through this study, it is found that the strain rate has offered a complex beneficial impact over the material characteristics such as yield stress and yield strain, owing to its higher impact over the restraining behavior between various atoms and strain toughening effect related to the temperature effect. Furthermore, the shear strain and point defect analysis has confirmed that the structural alteration and the establishment of multiple dislocations lead to induce the deformation behavior of Ti–5Mo–5Cu biomaterial alloy. Additionally, the radial distribution analysis has stated that the introduction of higher ambient temperature leads to invoking multiple dislocations which are responsible for the deformation behavior and cause the major reduction in tensile properties.
Bringing cell therapy to tumors: considerations for optimal CAR binder design
Authors: Smith Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have revolutionized the immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies and are poised to expand the range of their impact across a broad range of oncology and non-oncology indications. Critical to the success of a given CAR is the choice of binding domain, as this is the key driver for specificity and plays an important role (along with the rest of the CAR structure) in determining efficacy, potency and durability of the cell therapy. While antibodies have proven to be effective sources of CAR binding domains, it has become apparent that the desired attributes for a CAR binding domain do differ from those of a recombinant antibody. This review will address key factors that need to be considered in choosing the optimal binding domain for a given CAR and how binder properties influence and are influenced by the rest of the CAR.
Semi-supervised mixture multi-source exchangeability model for leveraging real-world data in clinical trials
Authors: Haine Lillian M F , Murry Thomas A , Nahra Raquel , Touloumi Giota , Fernández-Cruz Eduardo , Petoumenos Kathy , Koopmeiners Joseph S 
Published: September 2023

Summary
The traditional trial paradigm is often criticized as being slow, inefficient, and costly. Statistical approaches that leverage external trial data have emerged to make trials more efficient by augmenting the sample size. However, these approaches assume that external data are from previously conducted trials, leaving a rich source of untapped real-world data (RWD) that cannot yet be effectively leveraged. We propose a semi-supervised mixture (SS-MIX) multisource exchangeability model (MEM); a flexible, two-step Bayesian approach for incorporating RWD into randomized controlled trial analyses. The first step is a SS-MIX model on a modified propensity score and the second step is a MEM. The first step targets a representative subgroup of individuals from the trial population and the second step avoids borrowing when there are substantial differences in outcomes among the trial sample and the representative observational sample. When comparing the proposed approach to competing borrowing approaches in a simulation study, we find that our approach borrows efficiently when the trial and RWD are consistent, while mitigating bias when the trial and external data differ on either measured or unmeasured covariates. We illustrate the proposed approach with an application to a randomized controlled trial investigating intravenous hyperimmune immunoglobulin in hospitalized patients with influenza, while leveraging data from an external observational study to supplement a subgroup analysis by influenza subtype.
Repetitive paired-pulse TMS increases motor cortex excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults
Authors: Hand Brodie J , Merkin Ashley , Opie George M , Ziemann Ulf , Semmler John G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex (M1) recruits indirect (I) waves that can be modulated by repetitive paired-pulse TMS (rppTMS). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rppTMS on M1 excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults. A total of 37 healthy adults (22 young, 18–32 yr; 15 older, 60–79 yr) participated in a study that involved rppTMS at early (1.4 ms) and late (4.5 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISIs), followed by the performance of a visuomotor training task. M1 excitability was examined with motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes and short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) using posterior–anterior (PA) and anterior–posterior (AP) TMS current directions. We found that rppTMS increased M1 excitability in young and old adults, with the greatest effects for PA TMS at the late ISI (4.5 ms). Motor skill acquisition was improved by rppTMS at an early (1.4 ms) but not late (4.5 ms) ISI in young and older adults. An additional study using a non-I-wave interval (3.5 ms) also showed increased M1 excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition. These findings show that rppTMS at both I-wave and non-I-wave intervals can alter M1 excitability and improve visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults.
Active vs. computer-based passive decision-making leads to discrepancies in outcome evaluation: evidence from self-reported emotional experience and brain activity
Authors: Tao Ruiwen , Zhang Can , Zhao Hanxuan , Xu Sihua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
People prefer active decision-making and induce greater emotional feelings than computer-based passive mode, yet the modulation of decision-making mode on outcome evaluation remains unknown. The present study adopted event-related potentials to investigate the discrepancies in active and computer-based passive mode on outcome evaluation using a card gambling task. The subjective rating results showed that active mode elicited more cognitive effort and stronger emotional feelings than passive mode. For received outcomes, we observed no significant Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) effect on difference waveshapes (d-FRN) between the 2 modes, but active decision-making elicited larger P300 amplitudes than the passive mode. For unchosen card outcomes, the results revealed larger d-FRN amplitudes of relative valences (Superior − Inferior) in responses to negative feedback in active mode than in passive mode. The averaged P300 results revealed an interplay among outcome feedback, decision-making mode, and relative valence, and the average P300 amplitude elicited by the received loss outcome in the active mode partially mediated the relationship between subjective cognitive effort and negative emotion ratings on loss. Our findings indicate discrepancies between active and computer-based passive modes, and cognitive effort and emotional experience involved in outcome evaluation.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a coronary sinus reducer: a case series
Authors: Grebmer Christian , Bossard Matthias , Attinger-Toller Adrian , Kobza Richard , Hilfiker Gabriela , Berte Benjamin , Cuculi Florim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Reducing venous drainage of the coronary sinus is a promising intervention for refractory angina. Coronary Sinus Reducer (CSR) System™ effectively treats patients with refractory angina, possibly by increasing coronary collateral circulation, and leads to an improvement in their symptoms and quality of life. In patients with impaired left ventricular function and electrocardiographic dyssynchrony, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment. However, there is only one published case report of CRT in a patient implanted with a CSR system. We present the first case series of CRT in patients implanted with the CSR system.

Case summary
This case series describes three patients. The first case demonstrated that CRT is feasible in patients implanted with a CSR system. The second case is the first report of a left ventricular lead extraction after CSR, and the third case was complicated due to the patient’s medical history; however, CSR system implantation was feasible without major complications.

Discussion
Our results suggest that CRT is feasible in patients implanted with a CSR system, and lead extraction after CSR system implantation is possible. However, lead extraction in cases of severe adhesions around the CSR system and the coronary sinus may be associated with a high risk of complications; alternative options should be discussed at an early stage.
Right ventricular pneumatosis and extensive multi-territory air emboli in an intravenous drug user: a case report
Authors: Paratz Elizabeth D , Chamunorwa Kudzai , Lanteri Marc , Chong-Halliday Amanda , Dixon Barry , MacIsaac Andrew I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Air emboli are a life-threatening diagnosis, which may form through a range of mechanisms. In this case, we describe the case of extensive multi-territory air emboli in a patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse.

Case summary
This case describes a 41-year-old male who presented with confusion following fall with long lie. He was diagnosed with hyperkalaemia, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, and compartment syndrome, and he developed extensive multi-territory air emboli. Air embolism was identified in arterial, venous, subcutaneous, and mediastinal territories. Echocardiography demonstrated right ventricular dilation and dysfunction, consistent with air visualized in the right coronary artery on computed tomography. The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit for close cardiac and neurological monitoring and supportive organ care, and ultimately made an uneventful recovery by 6 weeks without apparent complications from the air emboli.

Discussion
The presence of multi-territory air emboli has previously been described in the setting of surgery, manipulation of intravascular catheters, pulmonary barotrauma, and in sepsis with gas-forming organisms. It has not previously been reported in intravenous drug use or sterile rhabdomyolysis. Computed tomography imaging and echocardiography are useful to diagnose air emboli and their haemodynamic impact. Our patient’s case provides a novel example of multi-territory air emboli in a unique scenario.
A scoping review on integrated health campaigns for immunization in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ahmed Syeda Tahmina , Haider Shams Shabab , Hanif Suhi , Anwar Humayra Binte , Mehjabeen Saima , Closser Svea , Bazant Eva , Sarker Malabika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Health campaign integration is a key implementation strategy outlined by the World Health Organization to achieve universal health coverage. This scoping review synthesizes the evidence on Integrated Health Campaigns (IHC) in the field of immunization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) regarding the most common strategies, facilitators and barriers. Four reviewers followed a systematic approach to identify, screen and analyse relevant articles. The team used three search engines (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify peer-reviewed journal articles as well as select institutional websites for grey literature publications. Full-text articles using any study design and across any time frame were included. Data were extracted following a predefined matrix, analysed deductively and presented in a narrative synthesis. Thirty articles (20 academic and 10 grey) were included in the final review. All studies included identified IHCs as effective when planning or implementation is integrated. The common strategies were: using resources efficiently in remote locations; using national immunization days to maximize impact; targeting specific age groups by selecting intervention sites that are frequented by that age group; building community ownership over the integrated program; and integrating programs that already share common elements. The key facilitators were: closing the gap between services and communities; planning, coordination and resource management both before and during integration; cost-effectiveness; and utilization of pre-existing infrastructure. The common barriers included seemingly optimized initial cost to appear feasible only in the short term and additional responsibilities on the field staff. This review finds IHCs a common practice in immunization and identifies gaps in evidence on evaluation; indicating the need for additional research. Strong evidence accounts IHCs to increase coverage, improve community acceptance of health services and strengthen the community models of health service delivery.
Complete Positivity of Comultiplication and Primary Criteria for Unitary Categorification
Authors: Huang Linzhe , Liu Zhengwei , Palcoux Sebastien , Wu Jinsong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate quantum Fourier analysis on subfactors and unitary fusion categories. We prove the complete positivity of the comultiplication for subfactors and derive a primary $n$-criterion of unitary categorification of multifusion rings. It is stronger than the Schur product criterion when $n\geq 3$. The primary criterion could be transformed into various criteria, which are easier to check in practice even for noncommutative, high-rank, high-multiplicity, multifusion rings. More importantly, the primary criterion could be localized on a sparse set, so that it works for multifusion rings with sparse known data. We give numerous examples to illustrate the efficiency and the power of these criteria.