bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Literasi Media Digital pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Irfan M , Sainab  , Fitrah  
Published: August 2023

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi media digital pada mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Biologi di era revolusi industri 4.0. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan metode survei. Pemilihan responden menggunakan teknik random sampling. Jumlah responden penelitian 240 orang yang merupakan mahasiswa aktif angkatan 2015-2021. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah lembar angket. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang meliputi individual competences framework. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi pada kategori use (technical skill) 63.33% di tingkatan medium dan 36,67% di tingkatan advanced. Tingkat literasi media digital mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi pada kategori critical understanding 0.4% berada pada tingkatan basic, 80% pada tingkatan medium, dan 19,59% pada tingkatan advanced. Sedangkan untuk kategori communicative abilities 1.25% berada di tingkatan basic, 80% di tingkatan medium, dan 17,9% berada di tingkatan advanced. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat literasi media digital mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi ditinjau dari individual competences framework sebagian besar masih berada pada tingkatan medium. Hasil ini dapat menjadi rujukan dalam penentuan kebijakan institusi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi media digital pada mahasiswa.

Abstract
This study aims to determine the digital media literacy level of students in the Biology Education program in the industrial revolution 4.0 era. This research is quantitative descriptive research, using a survey method. Selection of respondents using a random sampling technique. The number of research respondents was 240 people who were active students of the 2015 – 2021 class. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire sheet. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis which included the individual competencies framework. The results showed that students of Biology Education in the category of use (technical skills) were 63.33% at the medium level and 36.67% at the advanced level. The digital media literacy level of Biology Education students in the critical understanding category is 0.4% at the basic level, 80% at the medium level, and 19.59% at the advanced level. Meanwhile, for the category of communicative abilities, 1.25% is at the basic level, 80% is at the medium level, and 17.9% is at the advanced level. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the level of media digital literacy of Biology Education students in terms of individual competencies framework is mostly still at the medium level. These results can be used as a reference in determining institutional policies to improve students’ digital media literacy skills.
Does subtotal resection ameliorate hypothalamic morbidity in pediatric craniopharyngioma? A 30-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yousuf Omer K. , Salehani Arsalaan , Zimmerman Kathrin , Estevez-Ordonez Dagoberto , Madura Casey , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Johnston James M. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Rocque Brandon G. , Blount Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
The optimal extent of resection of craniopharyngiomas to minimize the long-term risks of hypothalamic and endocrine dysfunction (obesity and panhypopituitarism) in children remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to report long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma undergoing surgical treatment and to study rates of endocrinological and hypothalamic dysfunction in association with extent of resection.

METHODS
This retrospective study was performed in a cohort of children who underwent resection for craniopharyngioma at Children’s of Alabama between 1990 and 2020. The primary outcome was hypothalamic dysfunction defined as a 0.5 increase in body mass index (BMI) Z-score and as a BMI > 2 SDs with or without psychiatric disturbances. Univariable analysis was performed using ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Missing data on the primary outcome were handled via multiple imputations. Relative risks were estimated using a multivariable generalized linear model with a priori variables selected using a modified Poisson regression approach with robust error variance to estimate risk ratios.

RESULTS
The cohort includes 39 patients (24 girls and 15 boys; age range 1 month–16 years) who underwent resection of craniopharyngioma at the authors’ center between 1990 and 2020. The preoperative goal of treatment was cyst decompression (CD) in 5, subtotal resection (STR) in 13, and gross-total resection (GTR) in 21 patients. The median long-term follow-up after surgery was 8.11 years (average 8.21, range 0.4–24.33 years). Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in hypothalamic dysfunction in patients undergoing GTR when compared to those undergoing STR or CD at 1 month postoperatively (p = 0.006) and 6–11 months postoperatively (p = 0.010), but with this difference not persisting beyond 1 year. Multivariable analysis showed patients older than 10 years at time of surgery to be the most affected and at highest risk of developing significant hypothalamic dysfunction. There was no significant difference in pituitary or neurological function between the STR/CD and GTR groups at 12–24 months or at most recent follow-up. There was no significant difference in BMI Z-scores between the STR/CD and GTR groups at 6–12 months or at most recent follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Both STR and GTR of craniopharyngioma were associated with significant endocrinological sequelae after 1 year. These potential complications should be discussed with patients and their families, and postoperative protocols should include early nutritional and endocrinological interventions with endocrinologist consultation.
The effect of patient age on the degree of midline shift caused by chronic subdural hematomas: a volumetric analysis
Authors: Khorasanizadeh MirHojjat , Paul Umika , Chang Yu-Ming , Moore Justin M. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs) are the among the most common conditions treated by neurosurgeons. Midline shift (MLS) is used as a radiological marker of CSDH severity and the potential need for urgent surgical evacuation. However, a patient’s age may affect the degree of MLS for a given hematoma volume. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the patient’s age and the MLS caused by CSDH.

METHODS
The database of patients treated for CSDH was reviewed in a single institution. Patients with unilateral CSDH were included. To measure CSDH volume, the preprocedural head CT scans underwent 3D volumetric reconstruction using the TeraRecon software. The effect of age on MLS after adjusting for CSDH volume was investigated using linear regression analysis.

RESULTS
Sixty-nine hematomas in 69 patients were included. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 94 years (mean 71.6 years). Hematoma volume and MLS ranged from 27.8 to 215 mL (mean 99.3 mL) and 0–17 mm (mean 6.5 mm), respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, MLS showed a significant independent negative correlation with age after adjusting for CSDH volume (OR −0.11, 95% CI −0.16 to −0.06; p < 0.001), meaning that for a fixed CSDH volume, with each 10-year increase in age the MLS will reduce by 1.1 mm. Moreover, MLS-to-volume ratio showed a significant negative linear correlation with age (r2 = 0.32; p < 0.001). Ten-milliliter increments in CSDH volume resulted in a 1.09-mm increase in MLS in patients younger than 60 years, which is 2.4-fold higher compared to the 0.46-mm increase in those older than 75 years (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
For a fixed CSDH volume, older age correlates with significantly lower MLS. This could be explained by higher parenchymal compliance in older individuals due to increased brain atrophy, and a larger subdural space. Clinical use of MLS to estimate severity of CSDH and gauge treatment decisions should take the patient’s age into account.
Bilateral brain microstructural alterations in patients with left-sided classic trigeminal neuralgia: a diffusion kurtosis imaging study
Authors: Xiong Ying , Xiong Xiaoxiao , Yang Shaolin , Tian Tian , Zhu Wenzhen , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
White matter microstructural abnormalities in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) have been observed. However, the impact of classic TN in both hemispheres, the difference and extent of alterations in bilateral hemispheres, and the relationship between the impaired area and pain conduction are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain microstructural alterations and compare the bilateral hemispheres in patients with unilateral classic TN, as well as to explore their clinical implications.

METHODS
The authors performed a cross-sectional study of 36 patients with left classic TN (TN group; age 40–66 years) and 36 healthy controls (HC group; age 40–66 years). Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI; b-values = 0, 1250, and 2500 sec/mm2) was performed in all patients using a 3T MRI scanner. The FMRIB Software Library with tract-based spatial statistics was used to analyze intergroup differences in both hemispheres. Atlas-based region of interest analysis was conducted in fiber tracts and gray matter structures.

RESULTS
Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity in 2.70% and 5.34% of white matter regions, such as the corona radiata, corpus callosum, internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and cingulum, were detected in the TN group compared with the HC group (p < 0.05, family-wise error correction). Reduced mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis were detected in the bilateral thalamus in TN patients. The FA and MK values decreased asymmetrically in both cerebral hemispheres. Atlas-based region of interest analysis revealed more pronounced FA and MK reductions in the left thalamus and posterior corona radiata. There were negative associations of disease duration and pain intensity with the MK values in the thalamus, internal capsule, and superior corona radiata.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors concluded that unilateral TN could have asymmetrical microstructural alterations in bilateral hemispheres, which might be due to the compromised fiber tract integrity and abnormal neurons and synapses. The thalamus could be an important relay station in the pain conduction and modulation pathway and could have microstructural abnormalities in both the left and right sides. DKI could provide important information on the CNS pathophysiology of TN and assist in prognostic evaluation.
Core outcomes in nerve surgery: development of a core outcome set for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Davis Gavin A. , Dengler Nora F. , Guedes Fernando , Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle , Jack Megan M. , Jacques Line G. , Kretschmer Thomas , Mahan Mark A. , Midha Rajiv , Pondaag Willem , Puffer Ross C. , Rasulic Lukas , Ray Wilson Z. , Rizk Elias , Rodriguez-Aceves Carlos A. , Shapira Yuval , Smith Brandon W. , Socolovsky Mariano , Spinner Robert J. , Zager Eric L. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) is common, affecting 1%–6% of the population. Despite this, there remains a lack of consensus regarding optimal treatment. This is primarily due to the difficulty one encounters when trying to assess the literature. Outcomes are inconsistently reported, which makes comparing studies or developing meta-analyses difficult or even impossible. Thus, there is a need for a core outcome set (COS) for UNE (COS-UNE) to help address this problem. The objective of this study was to utilize a modified Delphi method to develop COS-UNE.

METHODS
A 5-stage approach was utilized to develop COS-UNE: stage 1, consortium development; 2, literature review to identify potential outcome measures; 3, Delphi survey to develop consensus on outcomes for inclusion; 4, Delphi survey to develop definitions; and 5, consensus meeting to finalize the COS and definitions. The study followed the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations.

RESULTS
The Core Outcomes in Nerve Surgery (COINS) Consortium comprised 21 participants, all neurological surgeons representing 11 countries. The final COS-UNE consisted of 22 data points/outcomes covering the domains of demographic characteristics, diagnostics, patient-reported outcomes, motor/sensory outcomes, and complications. Appropriate instruments, methods of testing, and definitions were set. The consensus minimum duration of follow-up was 6 months, with the consensus optimal timepoints for assessment identified as preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors identified consensus data points/outcomes and also provided definitions and specific scales to be utilized to help ensure that clinicians are consistent in their reporting across studies on UNE. This COS should serve as a minimum set of data to be collected in all future neurosurgical studies on UNE. The authors hope that clinicians evaluating ulnar neuropathy will incorporate this COS into routine practice and that future studies will consider this COS in the design phase.
Epileptic versus neuro-oncological focus of management in pediatric patients with concurrent primary brain lesion and seizures: a systematic review
Authors: Gruber Maxwell D. , Pindrik Jonathan , Damante Mark , Schulz Lauren , Shaikhouni Ammar , Leonard Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Seizures can be a debilitating manifestation of underlying neoplastic intracranial pathology. Existing literature offers a paucity of scientific consensus regarding risk factors, seizure semiology, operative techniques, and tumor characteristics in pediatric patients with a concurrent diagnosis of primary intracranial neoplasm and seizures. To address the limited evidence in current literature, the authors systematically reviewed published literature on current clinical characteristics and management strategies for patients presenting concurrently with seizures and a newly diagnosed brain lesion, while aiming to synthesize a potential management protocol or set of recommendations for these patients.

METHODS
An initial search revealed 792 papers, of which 196 studies were excluded, leaving 596 studies available for abstract review. After further stratification, 546 studies were eliminated, leaving 50 studies for eligibility assessment. Of the 50 studies, 12 met the criteria for outcome extraction.

RESULTS
The results indicate that patients with a mean age of 9 years with a newly diagnosed brain tumor and presenting symptoms of seizure are likely to present with daily seizures of the complex partial subtype, with the most likely primary epileptogenic and neoplastic foci occurring in the temporal lobe. The most common tumor subtypes were low-grade gliomas, ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, or astrocytoma. With the aim of gross-total resection, 77.54% of patients are likely to achieve seizure freedom.

CONCLUSIONS
This study highlights the demographic, clinical, seizure, tumor, and postoperative outcomes for pediatric patients presenting with a primary brain tumor and concurrent seizures. Further prospective multicenter studies are necessary to understand and compare varying treatment approaches and to develop standardized guidelines for these patients, with the goal of optimizing neuro-oncological and seizure-related outcomes.
Association between immunohistochemical markers and tumor progression following resection of spinal chordomas: a multicenter study
Authors: Ghaith Abdul Karim , Akinduro Oluwaseun O. , Perez-Vega Carlos , Bon Nieves Antonio , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley , Patel Naresh , Kalani Maziyar , Clarke Michelle J. , Rose Peter , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
Chordomas are slow-growing tumors derived from notochord remnants. Despite margin-negative excision and postoperative radiation therapy, spinal chordomas (SCs) often progress. The potential of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, such as epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), combined with machine learning algorithms to predict long-term (≥ 12 months) postoperative tumor progression, has been understudied. The authors aimed to identify IHC markers using trained tree-based algorithms to predict long-term (≥ 12 months) postoperative tumor progression.

METHODS
The authors reviewed the records of patients who underwent resection of SCs between January 2017 and June 2021 across the Mayo Clinic enterprise. Demographics, type of treatment, histopathology, and other relevant clinical factors were abstracted from each patient’s record. Low tumor progression was defined as more than a 94.3-mm3 decrease in the tumor size at the latest radiographic follow-up. Decision trees and random forest classifiers were trained and tested to predict the long-term volumetric progression after an 80/20 data split.

RESULTS
Sixty-two patients diagnosed with and surgically treated for SC were identified, of whom 31 were found to have a more advanced tumor progression based on the tumor volume change cutoff of 94.3 mm3. The mean age was 54.3 ± 13.8 years, and most patients were male (62.9%) and White (98.4%). The most common treatment modality was subtotal resection with radiation therapy (35.5%), with proton beam therapy being the most common (71%). Most SCs were sacrococcygeal (41.9%), followed by cervical (32.3%). EMA-positive SCs had a postoperative progression risk of 67%. Pancytokeratin-positive SCs had a progression rate of 67%; however, patients with S100 protein–positive SCs had a 54% risk of progression. The accuracy of this model in predicting the progression of unseen test data was 66%. Pancytokeratin (mean minimal depth = 1.57), EMA (mean minimal depth = 1.58), cytokeratin A1/A3 (mean minimal depth = 1.59), and S100 protein (mean minimal depth = 1.6) predicted the long-term volumetric progression. Multiway variable importance plots show the relative importance of the top 10 variables based on three measures of varying significance and their predictive role.

CONCLUSIONS
These IHC variables with tree-based machine learning tools successfully demonstrate a high capacity to identify a patient’s tumor progression pattern with an accuracy of 66%. Pancytokeratin, EMA, cytokeratin A1/A3, and S100 protein were the IHC drivers of a low tumor progression. This shows the power of machine learning algorithms in analyzing and predicting outcomes of rare conditions in a small sample size.
Peran Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa Menangani Pelanggaran HAM dalam Konflik Suriah Tahun 2013-2018
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Rafli , Aswar Hasbi 
Published: August 2023

Since 2011 the Syrian conflict has been going on until now and there is no sign that it will end. In the conflict that occurred, there were various violations committed by both rebel groups and the Syrian government itself. Various international actors have contributed to the conflict, whether in the mediation process, sending humanitarian aid, or condemning the violations that have occurred, but this has not been able to stop the conflict from occurring. This paper will try to analyze the role of the United Nations in the Syrian conflict by limiting it to 2013 – 2018. In this paper, the concept carried out in response to the enforcement efforts carried out by the United Nations in the Syrian conflict is to use the role of international organizations or the United Nations in upholding human rights through the monitoring process. , support and implementation of international human rights.

Sejak tahun 2011 konflik Suriah sampai saat ini dan belum ada tanda – tanda akan selesai. Dalam konflik yang terjadi tersebut, terjadi berbagai pelanggaran yang dilakukan baik kelompok pemberontak maupun pemerintahan Suriah sendiri. Berbagai aktor internasional sudah berkontribusi dalam konflik tersebut, baik dalam proses mediasi, mengirimkan bantuan kemanusiaan atau melakukan kecaman terhadap pelanggaran yang terjadi, namun hal itu tidak bisa menghentikan konflik yang terjadi. Tulisan ini akan mencoba menganalisa peran PBB dalam konflik Suriah dengan membatasi pada tahun 2013 – 2018. Dalam tulisan ini konsep yang dilakukan dalam menanggapi upaya penegakan yang dilakukan oleh PBB di konflik Suriah adalah menggunakan peranan organisasi internasional atau PBB dalam penegakan hak asasi manusia melalui proses pengawasan, dukungan, dan implementasi HAM internasional.
Data Rights di Era Surveillance Capitalism: Skandal Data Cambridge Analytica & Facebook dalam Pemilihan Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016
Authors: Bofa Maya , Wawan Budi Darmawan , Sudirman Arifin 
Published: August 2023

In 2018, several major British media outlets published the result of a joint investigation which revealed that Cambridge Analytica, a political consulting and data analysis firm, collected about 87 million personal data of Facebook users which was then used without the knowledge of the data owner. This study aims to understand analyze the abuse of data rights involving Cambridge Analytica and Facebook in the 2016 US presidential election. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method. This study found that Cambridge Analytica used personal data of Facebook users for Donald Trump’s digital campaign in the 2016 US presidential election. The data include complete profiles such as name, gender, age, location, status updates, likes, friends, and even personal messages which are then translated into behavioral data. The data collected and analyzed by Cambridge Analytica then became the power in modifying behavior, especially voting behavior. Behavior modification by Cambridge Analytica was possible because the knowledge asymmetry in the use of data.

Pada 2018, beberapa media besar Inggris mempublikasikan hasil investigasi bersama yang mengungkap bahwa Cambridge Analytica, sebuah perusahaan konsultan politik dan analisis data, mengoleksi sekitar 87 juta data pribadi pengguna Facebook yang kemudian digunakann tanpa sepengetahuan pemilik data. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menganalisis penyalahgunaan data rightsyang melibatkan Cambridge Analytica dan Facebook dalam pemilihan presiden Amerika Serikat 2016. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Cambridge Analytica
menggunakan data pribadi pengguna Facebook untuk kepentingan kampanye digital Donald Trump pada pemilihan presiden Amerika Serikat 2016. Data yang diambil meliputi profil lengkap seperti nama, jenis kelamin, usia, lokasi, pembaruan status, likes, teman, bahkan pesan pribadi yang kemudian diterjemahkan menjadi behavioral data. Data yang dikumpulkan dan dianalisis oleh Cambridge Analytica kemudian menjadipower dalam behavioral modification, khususnya voting behavior. Modifikasi tingkah laku oleh Cambridge Analytica dapat dilakukan sebab adanya knowledge asymmetry dalam penggunaan data.