bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Ruiz Samuel , Puebla Brittany , Hernandez Noel , Rubio Viviana , Young Elizabeth , Mir Haaris 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune diseases of the skin and mucous membranes that is characterized by multiple bullae formation. It is caused by autoantibodies directed against the cell surface of keratinocytes, resulting in the loss of cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes. This disease can be very debilitating and difficult to treat if large surface areas are involved.

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of a complex case of pemphigus vulgaris in a 24-year-old man who develop partial-thickness skin lesions distributed throughout the entire body with a total body surface of 80% short after an episode of strep throat treated with amoxicillin.

Results
The patient had a complicated hospital course in which the standard treatment of the disease led to adverse effects that were successfully managed at our busy burn center.

Conclusions
Pemphigus vulgaris is a complex skin disease in which treatment techniques carry their risk and must be tailored to the patient's specific needs. Treatment of this conditions at a burn center would be beneficial as demonstrated with conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Examination of Influenza A Infection Rate, Its Determinants, and Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Wagenhäuser Isabell , Mees Juliane , Reusch Julia , Lâm Thiên-Trí , Schubert-Unkmeir Alexandra , Krone Lukas B. , Frey Anna , Kurzai Oliver , Frantz Stefan , Dölken Lars , Liese Johannes , Gabel Alexander , Petri Nils , Krone Manuel 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundIn the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a pronounced wave of Influenza A occurred in the 2022/23 winter season under generally relaxed post-pandemic non-pharmaceutical preventive measures.AimThis study aimed to investigate the Influenza A infection rate, factors influencing its occurrence and seasonal Influenza vaccine effectiveness on seroconversion in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.MethodsThe seroconversion of Anti-Influenza-A-Nucleoprotein/Matrix IgG was investigated in 402 healthcare workers (HCWs) during the winter season of 2022/2023 (23 May 2022 to 11 May 2023). The participants provided a serum sample and completed a study questionnaire both before and after the seasonal Influenza A wave (24 October 2022 to 8 January 2023). The levels of a vaccine-independent Anti-Influenza-A-Nucleoprotein/Matrix IgG were measured using the SERION ELISAclassicInfluenza A IgG assay, with a 2-fold increase as indicative of seroconversion after asymptomatic or symptomatic influenza infection.ResultsAmong the participants, 20.6% (95% CI 17.0-24.9%; 83/402) showed seroconversion. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the age category of ≥ 45 years (p=0.03) and regular patient contact (p=0.02) significantly influenced seroconversion. However, the factors male gender, BMI, smoking, household size, seasonal Influenza vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Influenza A season were not significantly associated with seroconversion. The effectiveness of the 2022/23 seasonal Influenza vaccine on seroconversion induced by Influenza infection was 22.6% (95% CI -17.1-50.6%).ConclusionDuring the initial Influenza A season following the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 20% of HCWs contracted an Influenza A infection. This highlights a potential risk and a significant asymptomatic or symptomatic infection rate posing a theoretical risk for intrahospital transmission chains and nosocomial infections.
Posttraumatic reexperiencing and alcohol use: mediofrontal theta as a neural mechanism for negative reinforcement
Authors: Rawls Eric , Marquardt Craig A. , Fix Spencer T. , Bernat Edward , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveOver half of US military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) use alcohol heavily, potentially to cope with their symptoms. This study investigated the neural underpinnings of PTSD symptoms and heavy drinking in veterans. We focused on brain responses to salient outcomes within predictive coding theory. This framework suggests the brain generates prediction errors (PEs) when outcomes deviate from expectations. Alcohol use might provide negative reinforcement by reducing the salience of negatively-valenced PEs and dampening experiences like loss.MethodsWe analyzed electroencephalography (EEG) responses to unpredictable gain/loss feedback in veterans of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. We used time-frequency principal components analysis of event-related potentials to isolate neural responses indicative of PEs, identifying mediofrontal theta linked to losses (feedback-related negativity, FRN) and central delta associated with gains (reward positivity, RewP).ResultsIntrusive reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD were associated with intensified mediofrontal theta signaling during losses, suggesting heightened negative PE sensitivity. Conversely, increased hazardous alcohol use was associated with reduced theta responses, implying a dampening of these negative PEs. The separate delta-RewP component showed associations with alcohol use but not PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsFindings suggest a common neural component of PTSD and hazardous alcohol use involving altered PE processing. We suggest that reexperiencing enhances the intensity of salient negative PEs, while chronic alcohol use may reduce their intensity, thereby providing negative reinforcement by muting emotional disruption from reexperienced trauma. Modifying the mediofrontal theta response could address the intertwined nature of PTSD symptoms and alcohol use, providing new avenues for treatment.
Selective reactivation of value- and place-dependent information during sharp-wave ripples in the intermediate and dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Jin Seung-Woo , Lee Inah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReactivation of place cells during sharp-wave ripples in the hippocampus is important for memory consolidation. However, whether hippocampal reactivation is affected by the values of events experienced by the animal is largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether place cells in the dorsal (dHP) and intermediate (iHP) hippocampus of rats are differentially reactivated depending on the value associated with a place during the learning of places associated with higher-value rewards in a T-maze. Place cells in the iHP representing the high-value location were reactivated significantly more frequently than those representing the low-value location, characteristics not observed in the dHP. In contrast, the activities of place cells in the dHP coding the routes leading to high-value locations were replayed more than those in the iHP. Our findings suggest that value-based differential reactivation patterns along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus may play essential roles in optimizing goal-directed spatial learning for maximal reward.TeaserInformation carried by sharp-wave ripples differ qualitatively between the dorsal and intermediate hippocampal regions.
sciMET-cap: High-throughput single-cell methylation analysis with a reduced sequencing burden
Authors: Acharya Sonia N. , Nichols Ruth V. , Rylaarsdam Lauren E. , O’Connell Brendan L. , Braun Theodore P. , Adey Andrew C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDNA methylation is a key component of the mammalian epigenome, playing a regulatory role in development, disease, and other processes. Robust, high-throughput single-cell DNA methylation assays are now possible (sciMET); however, the genome-wide nature of DNA methylation results in a high sequencing burden per cell. Here, we leverage target enrichment with sciMET to capture sufficient information per cell for cell type assignment using substantially fewer sequence reads (sciMET-cap). Sufficient off-target coverage further enables the production of near-complete methylomes for individual cell types. We characterize sciMET-cap on human PBMCs and brain (middle frontal gyrus).
TFvelo: gene regulation inspired RNA velocity estimation
Authors: Li Jiachen , Pan Xiaoyong , Yuan Ye , Shen Hong-Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRNA velocity is closely related with cell fate and is an important indicator for the prediction of cell states with elegant physical explanation derived from single-cell RNA-seq data. Most existing RNA velocity models aim to extract dynamics from the phase delay between unspliced and spliced mRNA for each individual gene. However, unspliced/spliced mRNA abundance may not provide sufficient signal for dynamic modeling, leading to poor fit in phase portraits. Motivated by the idea that RNA velocity could be driven by the transcriptional regulation, we propose TFvelo, which expands RNA velocity concept to various single-cell datasets without relying on splicing information, by introducing gene regulatory information. Our experiments on synthetic data and multiple scRNA-Seq datasets show that TFvelo can accurately fit genes dynamics on phase portraits, and effectively infer cell pseudo-time and trajectory from RNA abundance data. TFvelo opens a novel, robust and accurate avenue for modeling RNA velocity for single cell data.
Primary Healthcare Innovations in India: Synthesis from a systematic review
Authors: Chaudhuri Angela , Yellappa Vijayashree , Parikh Neha , Rao Ranjana N , Biswas Nilakshi , Agarwal Nandini , Cove Catherine , Nanda Bhumika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrimary healthcare (PHC) serves as the first point of contact for individuals seeking care. However, the PHC system in India faces significant systemic challenges compounded by multiple disease burdens the population faces. The Astana Declaration highlighted the importance of building a comprehensive and resilient healthcare system, focused on an individual rather than a disease. While Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) are being developed towards universal health coverage (UHC) as a part of the Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), several gaps still exist.A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study involved developing a theoretical PHC framework, creating search strategies across databases (like MEDLINE, OVID, and CINAHL), and screening them. The review encompassed health innovations and included studies from 1990 to 2019. Relevant quantitative and geographically focused study designs were included, focusing on innovations that improve the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, sustainability, and economy of primary care services.A total of 239 impact evaluations were included and analyzed. The majority of these evaluations were journal articles (237), with one report and one working paper. The impact evaluations primarily focused on single innovations, although there were also 10 multilayered studies and 7 studies with multiple arms. Out of the 239 innovations, 24 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in controlled settings. The studies predominantly took place in rural communities (53%), followed by mixed urban-rural, urban, and tribal communities. Foundations were primary funders (35.6%), with community health worker-delivered interventions, digital service innovations, and supportive mentoring programs being the key supported interventions.This systematic review offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in India’s PHC system. The findings can inform policymakers, researchers, and healthcare stakeholders in improving primary healthcare delivery and addressing the evolving healthcare landscape in India.
The dominant role of post-transcriptional regulation inYarrowia lipolyticato repeated O2limitations
Authors: Kerssemakers Abraham Antonius Johannes , Funder Mariam Nickseresht , Øzmerih Süleyman , Sudarsan Suresh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRational scale-up strategies to accelerate bioprocess development, require sound knowledge of cellular behaviour under industrial conditions. In this study, the strictly aerobic yeastYarrowia lipolyticais exposed to repeated oxygen limitations, approximated from a large-scale cultivation. A data-driven multi-omics strategy is deployed to elucidate its transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic response. Throughout a single perturbation, metabolite and protein levels showed dynamic profiles while they returned to steady state values when aerobic conditions were restored. After repeated oscillations, significant cellular rearrangements were found, with a special focus on central carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Most notably, metabolite levels as well as the catabolic reduction charge are maintained at higher concentrations. Moreover, proteins involved in NADPH-consuming anabolic pathways showed an increased abundance, which is suggested to be compensated for through an increased pentose-phosphate pathway activity. Although dynamics were found on all three omics levels, the proteomic and metabolic changes were in most instances not supported by strong transcriptional changes. Thus, this work suggests that the response ofY. lipolyticato (repeated) oxygen oscillations is strongly regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. These findings provide novel insights into potential cellular regulation on an industrial scale, thereby facilitating a more efficient bioprocess development through mitigating any undesired behaviour.Key points- Dynamic response ofYarrowia lipolyticato industrial oxygen profiles.- New metabolic steady states are found after exposure to repeated oxygen oscillations.- A multi-omics strategy elucidates the importance of post-transcriptional mechanisms.
To hear or not to hear: How Selective Tidal Stream Transport Interferes with the Detectability of Migrating Silver Eels in a Tidal River
Authors: Merk Benedikt , Höhne Leander , Freese Marko , Marohn Lasse , Hanel Reinhold , Pohlmann Jan-Dag 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcoustic telemetry provides valuable insights into behavioural patterns of aquatic animals such as downstream migrating European eels (Anguilla anguilla). The behaviour of silver eels during the migration is known to be influenced by environmental factors, yet so is the performance of acoustic telemetry networks. This study focusses on quantifying the impact of these environmental factors on both, migration behaviour and receiver performance, in order to determine possible limiting conditions for detecting tagged eels in tidal riverine areas and estuaries. A dominance analysis of the selected models describing migration speed, activity and receiver performance was conducted following 234 silver eels that were tagged with acoustic transmitters and observed by a receiver network in the Ems River during two subsequent migration seasons. The results suggest a passive locomotion of silver eels during their downstream migration by taking advantage of selective tidal stream transport (STST) It is further shown that water temperature, salinity, turbidity, precipitation, and especially current velocity were major parameters influencing migration activity and speed. At the same time, analyses of the detection probability of tagged eels under varying environmental conditions indicated a decreased receiver performance during high current velocities, resulting in a coincidence of high migration activity and reduced detection probability. Correspondingly, there is a risk that particularly during phases of increased activity, due to limited telemetry performance, not all fish will be detected, resulting in an underestimation of migration activity. To avoid misleading interpretations and underestimates of migration numbers of eels and other migratory fish using STST, this study highlights the need to conduct range tests and adjust the receiver placement in areas and conditions of high current velocities.
Microstructural Properties of the Cerebellar Peduncles in Children with Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Asaridou Salomi S. , Cler Gabriel J. , Wiedemann Anna , Krishnan Saloni , Smith Harriet J. , Willis Hanna E. , Healy Máiréad P. , Watkins Kate E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTChildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle to learn their native language for no apparent reason. While research on the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder has focused on the role of cortico-striatal systems, little is known about the role of the cerebellum in DLD. Cortico-cerebellar circuits might be involved in the disorder as they contribute to complex sensorimotor skill learning, including the acquisition of spoken language. Here, we used diffusion-weighted imaging data from 77 typically developing and 54 children with DLD and performed probabilistic tractography to identify the cerebellum’s white matter tracts: the inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles. Children with DLD showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP), fiber tracts that carry motor and sensory input via the inferior olive to the cerebellum. Lower FA in DLD was driven by lower axial diffusivity. Probing this further with more sophisticated modeling of diffusion data, we found higher orientation dispersion but no difference in neurite density in the ICP of DLD. Reduced FA is therefore unlikely to be reflecting microstructural differences in myelination in this tract, rather the organization of axons in these pathways is disrupted. ICP microstructure was not associated with language or motor coordination performance in our sample. We also found no differences in the middle and superior peduncles, the main pathways connecting the cerebellum with the cortex. To conclude, it is not cortico-cerebellar but atypical olivocerebellar white matter connections that characterize DLD and suggest the involvement of the olivocerebellar system in speech acquisition and development.
Sequential replacement of PSD95 subunits in postsynaptic supercomplexes is slowest in the cortex
Authors: Morris Katie , Bulovaite Edita , Kaizuka Takeshi , Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Adams Candace , Komiyama Noboru H. , Mendive-Tapia Lorena , Grant Seth G. N. , Horrocks Mathew H. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe concept that dimeric protein complexes in synapses can sequentially replace their subunits has been a cornerstone of Francis Crick’s 1984 hypothesis, explaining how long-term memories could be maintained in the face of short protein lifetimes. However, it is unknown whether the subunits of protein complexes that mediate memory are sequentially replaced in the brain and if this process is linked to protein lifetime. We address these issues by focusing on supercomplexes assembled by the abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD95, which plays a crucial role in memory. We used single-molecule detection, super-resolution microscopy and MINFLUX to probe the molecular composition of PSD95 supercomplexes in mice carrying genetically encoded HaloTags, eGFP and mEos2. We found a population of PSD95-containing supercomplexes comprised of two copies of PSD95, with a dominant 12.7 nm separation. Time-stamping of PSD95 subunitsin vivorevealed that each PSD95 subunit was sequentially replaced over days and weeks. Comparison of brain regions showed subunit replacement was slowest in the cortex, where PSD95 protein lifetime is longest. Our findings reveal that protein supercomplexes within the postsynaptic density can be maintained by gradual replacement of individual subunits providing a mechanism for stable maintenance of their organization. Moreover, we extend Crick’s model by suggesting that synapses with slow subunit replacement of protein supercomplexes and long protein lifetimes are specialized for long-term memory storage and that these synapses are highly enriched in superficial layers of the cortex where long-term memories are stored.
Kinetics and Mapping of Ca-driven Calmodulin conformations on Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Ryanodine Receptors
Authors: Rebbeck Robyn T. , Svensson Bengt , Zhang Jingyan , Thomas David D. , Bers Donald M. , Cornea Razvan L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTCalmodulin (CaM) transduces [Ca2+] information regulating the rhythmic Ca2+cycling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm during relaxation and contraction in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, the structural dynamics by which CaM modulates the SR Ca2+release channel (ryanodine receptor, RyR) at physiologically relevant [Ca2+] is unknown. Using fluorescence lifetime detection of FRET between RyR-bound FKBP and CaM, we resolved different structural states of CaM and Ca-driven shifts in the conformation of CaM bound to RyR. We found that CaM becomes more compact in contracting high-Ca2+vs. relaxing low-Ca2+. Skeletal and cardiac RyR isoforms show different CaM-RyR conformations, and binding and structural kinetics reflect functional roles. Furthermore, our FRET methods provide insight representative of physiological CaM-RyR structure, in synergy and comparison with cryo-EM models, which result from more disrupted samples. This technology will drive future studies focusing on pathologic CaM-RyR interactions, and on RyR dynamics with other important modulators.
Clonal CD8 T cells in the leptomeninges are locally controlled and influence microglia in human neurodegeneration
Authors: Hobson Ryan , Levy Samuel H.S. , Flaherty Delaney , Xiao Harrison , Ciener Benjamin , Reddy Hasini , Singal Chitra , Teich Andrew F. , Shneider Neil A. , Bradshaw Elizabeth M. , Elyaman Wassim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent murine studies have highlighted a crucial role for the meninges in surveilling the central nervous system (CNS) and influencing CNS inflammation. However, how meningeal immunity is altered in human neurodegeneration and its potential effects on neuroinflammation is understudied. In the present study, we performed single-cell analysis of the transcriptomes and T cell receptor repertoire of 72,576 immune cells from 36 postmortem human brain and leptomeninges tissues from donors with neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. We identified the meninges as an important site of antigen presentation and CD8 T cell activation and clonal expansion and found that T cell activation in the meninges is a requirement for infiltration into the CNS. We further found that natural killer cells have the potential to negatively regulate T cell activation locally in the meninges through direct killing and are one of many regulatory mechanisms that work to control excessive neuroinflammation.