bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sudden Reduction of Antarctic Sea Ice Despite Cooling After Nuclear War
Authors: Coupe Joshua , Harrison Cheryl , Robock Alan , DuVivier Alice , Maroon Elizabeth , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Bachman Scott , Landrum Laura , Bardeen Charles 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA large‐scale nuclear war could inject massive amounts of soot into the stratosphere, triggering rapid global climate change. In climate model simulations of nuclear war, global cooling contributes to an expansion of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere. However, in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), an initial expansion of sea ice shifts suddenly to a 30% loss of sea ice volume over the course of a single melting season in the largest nuclear war simulation. In smaller nuclear war simulations an expansion in sea ice is instead observed which lasts for approximately 15 years. In contrast, in the largest nuclear war simulation, Antarctic sea ice remains below the long term control mean for 15 years, indicating a threshold that must be crossed to cause the response. Declining sea ice in the SH following a global cooling event has been previously attributed to shifts in the zonal winds around Antarctica, which can reduce the strength of the Weddell Gyre. In climate model simulations of nuclear war, the primary mechanisms responsible for Antarctic sea ice loss are: (a) enhanced atmospheric poleward heat transport through teleconnections with a strong nuclear war‐driven El Niño, (b) increased upwelling of warm subsurface waters in the Weddell Sea due to changes in wind stress curl, and (c) decreased equatorward Ekman transport due to weakened Southern Ocean westerlies. The prospect of sudden Antarctic sea ice loss after an episode of global cooling may have implications for solar geoengineering and further motivates this study of the underlying mechanisms of change.
Mesoproterozoic Molar Tooth Structure Related to Increased Marine Oxygenation
Authors: Tang Dongjie , Fang Hao , Shi Xiaoying , Liang Liyuan , Zhou Limin , Xie Baozeng , Huang Kangjun , Zhou Xiqiang , Wu Mengting , Riding Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMarine carbonate fabrics are intrinsically related to ocean chemistry, physical processes and biological activity. Molar tooth structure (MTS), a globally distributed structure in Proterozoic carbonate sediments, has been widely studied for more than a century; yet its connections with physical and biological processes remain unclear. Using multiple techniques, we studied ∼1.57 Ga MTS and identified a connection between its occurrence and increased marine oxygenation. In our samples, the matrix surrounding MTS is typically dominated by carbonate mud with early diagenetic dolomite crystals. High I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (up to 4.1 μmol/mol) and negative Ce anomalies (∼0.8) detected in the matrix are consistent with the oxidative removal of inhibitors such as Fe2+ and Mn2+ in the water‐column that permitted carbonate “whiting” mud precipitation stimulated by cyanobacterial photosynthesis. This cohesive but not rigid seafloor carbonate mud was a prerequisite for synsedimentary MTS crack formation. Systematically higher carbon isotope (δ13C) values in MTS microspars, relative to host sediment, support origination of the cracks by methane degassing in the organic‐rich carbonate mud. Low, but non‐zero, I/(Ca + Mg) values of the MTS microspar suggest that the precipitation of the microspar that filled the MTS cracks was triggered by oxidative removal of residual Fe2+ and Mn2+ in porewater through mixing with overlying oxygenated seawater. We therefore propose that MTS formed under moderately oxygenated conditions and that its sporadic occurrence prior to ∼1.2 Ga reflects episodes of pulsed marine oxygenation in an overall anoxic setting.
A Method for Estimating the Spatial Coherence of Mid‐Latitude Skywave Propagation Based on Transionospheric Scintillations at 35 MHz
Authors: Helmboldt J. F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe results of a study aimed at assessing the utility of transionospheric 35 MHz scintillation measurements toward cosmic radio sources for estimating the level of spatial coherence in high frequency (HF) skywave systems are presented. An array of four antennas in southern Maryland called the Deployable Low‐band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment was used. Two of the antennas within a ∼350‐m north/south baseline were used to monitor 35‐MHz intensity variations of two bright cosmic sources, Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A. The other two antennas, which were within a ∼420‐m east/west baseline, recorded the 7.85 MHz skywave from the CHU radio station near Ottawa, Ontario. These HF measurements were used to quantify the level of spatial coherence by measuring the amplitudes of the cross correlation of the two antennas' recorded voltages relative to the received power, which were typically ∼0.5 to 0.9, but occasionally near zero. An approximate scaling method was developed to estimate the expected cross‐correlation amplitude based on the 35‐MHz scintillations. This method assumes a single layer of irregularities at the reflection height that affects relatively small changes in electron density, the latter of which is generally appropriate for mid‐latitudes. It also assumes that the irregularity distribution follows that of the background electron density. These calculations typically captured the day‐to‐day variations in spatial coherence well (correlation coefficient r ≃ 0.6) while only marginally reproducing hour‐to‐hour variations (r ≃ 0.2). Thus, this method holds promise as an economical and passive means to assess the spatial coherence expected for skywave propagation within a given mid‐latitude region.
Integrated clinical and genomic analysis identifies driver events and molecular evolution of colitis-associated cancers
Authors: Chatila Walid K. , Walch Henry , Hechtman Jaclyn F. , Moyer Sydney M. , Sgambati Valeria , Faleck David M. , Srivastava Amitabh , Tang Laura , Benhamida Jamal , Ismailgeci Dorina , Campos Carl , Wu Fan , Chang Qing , Vakiani Efsevia , de Stanchina Elisa , Weiser Martin R. , Widmar Maria , Yantiss Rhonda K. , Shah Manish A. , Bass Adam J. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Katz Lior H. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Sethi Nilay S. , Schultz Nikolaus , Ganesh Karuna , Kelsen David , Yaeger Rona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInflammation has long been recognized to contribute to cancer development, particularly across the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk for bowel cancers, and it has been posited that a field of genetic changes may underlie this risk. Here, we define the clinical features, genomic landscape, and germline alterations in 174 patients with colitis-associated cancers and sequenced 29 synchronous or isolated dysplasia. TP53 alterations, an early and highly recurrent event in colitis-associated cancers, occur in half of dysplasia, largely as convergent evolution of independent events. Wnt pathway alterations are infrequent, and our data suggest transcriptional rewiring away from Wnt. Sequencing of multiple dysplasia/cancer lesions from mouse models and patients demonstrates rare shared alterations between lesions. These findings suggest neoplastic bowel lesions developing in a background of inflammation experience lineage plasticity away from Wnt activation early during tumorigenesis and largely occur as genetically independent events.
Association between prenatal androgens and cord blood androgens, a path analysis
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Qian , Li Ting , Wang Yuanyuan , Cao Ruiyao , Peng Xingwang , Yao Rongying , Han Hui , Zhou Rui , Fu Lianguo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo determine association paths between prenatal androgens and cord blood androgens. The concentrations of T, FT, DHT, DHEA and SHBG in prenatal venous blood and cord blood were measured in 342 pregnant women and their neonates. The association paths between these hormones in prenatal and cord blood were revealed using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and path analysis. CB-T, CB-FT and CB-DHT in male neonates were higher than those in female neonates. In male and female neonates, P-FT was lower than CB-FT; however, P-DHT and P-SHBG were higher than CB-DHT and CB-SHBG, respectively. P-DHEA was lower than CB-DHEA in female newborns. In male neonates, there were association paths of P-T → CB-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-DHT, CB-DHEA → CB-DHT, CB-DHEA → P-DHT, and CB-DHEA → P-DHEA. In female neonates, there were association paths of P-T → CB-T → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → CB-FT → CB-DHT, P-T → P-FT → P-DHT, P-T → P-DHT, P-DHEA → P-DHT, CB-DHEA → P-DHEA, and CB-DHEA → CB-FT. There were differences in the T, FT and DHT concentrations in cord blood between male and female neonates and in the FT, DHT, DHEA, and SHBG concentrations between prenatal and cord blood. P-T and P-FT concentrations were positively associated with CB-T and CB-FT concentrations, while CB-DHEA concentration was positively associated with P-DHEA concentration.
Emotional face expression recognition in problematic Internet use and excessive smartphone use: task-based fMRI study
Authors: Arató Ákos , Nagy Szilvia Anett , Perlaki Gábor , Orsi Gergely , Szente Anna Tímea , Kis-Jakab Gréta , Áfra Eszter , Alhour Husamalddin Ali , Kovács Norbert , Janszky József , Darnai Gergely 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrowing literature indicates that problematic Internet use (PIU) and excessive smartphone use (ESU) are associated with breakdown of functional brain networks. The effects of PIU&ESU on emotional face expression (EFE) recognition are not well understood, however behavioural investigations and fMRI studies of different addiction forms indicated the impairment of this function. The Facial Emotion Recognition Paradigm was used to probe cortico-limbic responses during EFE recognition. Combined fMRI and psychophysiological analysis were implemented to measure EFE-related functional brain changes in PIU&ESU. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess PIU&ESU. Positive associations were found between the extent of PIU&ESU and functional connections related to emotional cognitive control and social brain networks. Our findings highlight the involvement of social functioning, especially EFE recognition in PIU&ESU. Therefore, we emphasize that besides the brain’s executive and reward systems, the social brain network might be the next candidate to be involved in the pathogenesis of PIU&ESU.
Global lysine methylome profiling using systematically characterized affinity reagents
Authors: Berryhill Christine A. , Hanquier Jocelyne N. , Doud Emma H. , Cordeiro-Spinetti Eric , Dickson Bradley M. , Rothbart Scott B. , Mosley Amber L. , Cornett Evan M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLysine methylation modulates the function of histone and non-histone proteins, and the enzymes that add or remove lysine methylation—lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs), respectively—are frequently mutated and dysregulated in human diseases. Identification of lysine methylation sites proteome-wide has been a critical barrier to identifying the non-histone substrates of KMTs and KDMs and for studying functions of non-histone lysine methylation. Detection of lysine methylation by mass spectrometry (MS) typically relies on the enrichment of methylated peptides by pan-methyllysine antibodies. In this study, we use peptide microarrays to show that pan-methyllysine antibodies have sequence bias, and we evaluate how the differential selectivity of these reagents impacts the detection of methylated peptides in MS-based workflows. We discovered that most commercially available pan-Kme antibodies have an in vitro sequence bias, and multiple enrichment approaches provide the most comprehensive coverage of the lysine methylome. Overall, global lysine methylation proteomics with multiple characterized pan-methyllysine antibodies resulted in the detection of 5089 lysine methylation sites on 2751 proteins from two human cell lines, nearly doubling the number of reported lysine methylation sites in the human proteome.
Assessing impact of agroecological interventions in Niger through remotely sensed changes in vegetation
Authors: Mishra Vikalp , Limaye Ashutosh S. , Doehnert Federico , Policastro Raffaella , Hassan Djibril , Ndiaye Marie Therese Yaba , Abel Nicole Van , Johnson Kiersten , Grange Joseph , Coffey Kevin , Rashid Arif 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater scarcity is a major challenge in the Sahel region of West Africa. Water scarcity in combination with prevalent soil degradation has severely reduced the land productivity in the region. The decrease in resiliency of food security systems of marginalized population has huge societal implications which often leads to mass migrations and conflicts. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and development organizations have made major investments in the Sahel to improve resilience through land rehabilitation activities in recent years. To help restore degraded lands at the farm level, the World Food Programme (WFP) with assistance from USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance supported the construction of water and soil retention structures called half-moons. The vegetation growing in the half-moons is vitally important to increase agricultural productivity and feed animals, a critical element of sustainable food security in the region. This paper investigates the effectiveness of interventions at 18 WFP sites in southern Niger using vegetative greenness observations from the Landsat 7 satellite. The pre - and post-intervention analysis shows that vegetation greenness after the half-moon intervention was nearly 50% higher than in the pre-intervention years. The vegetation in the intervened area was more than 25% greener than the nearby control area. Together, the results indicate that the half-moons are effective adaptations to the traditional land management systems to increase agricultural production in arid ecosystems, which is evident through improved vegetation conditions in southern Niger. The analysis shows that the improvement brought by the interventions continue to provide the benefits. Continued application of these adaptation techniques on a larger scale will increase agricultural production and build resilience to drought for subsistence farmers in West Africa. Quantifiable increase in efficacy of local-scale land and water management techniques, and the resulting jump in large-scale investments to scale similar efforts will help farmers enhance their resiliency in a sustainable manner will lead to a reduction in food security shortages.
Graph theoretical measures of fast ripple networks improve the accuracy of post-operative seizure outcome prediction
Authors: Weiss Shennan A. , Fried Itzhak , Wu Chengyuan , Sharan Ashwini , Rubinstein Daniel , Engel Jerome , Sperling Michael R. , Staba Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFast ripples (FR) are a biomarker of epileptogenic brain, but when larger portions of FR generating regions are resected seizure freedom is not always achieved. To evaluate and improve the diagnostic accuracy of FR resection for predicting seizure freedom we compared the FR resection ratio (RR) with FR network graph theoretical measures. In 23 patients FR were semi-automatically detected and quantified in stereo EEG recordings during sleep. MRI normalization and co-registration localized contacts and relation to resection margins. The number of FR, and graph theoretical measures, which were spatial (i.e., FR rate-distance radius) or temporal correlational (i.e., FR mutual information), were compared with the resection margins and with seizure outcome We found that the FR RR did not correlate with seizure-outcome (p > 0.05). In contrast, the FR rate-distance radius resected difference and the FR MI mean characteristic path length RR did correlate with seizure-outcome (p < 0.05). Retesting of positive FR RR patients using either FR rate-distance radius resected difference or the FR MI mean characteristic path length RR reduced seizure-free misclassifications from 44 to 22% and 17%, respectively. These results indicate that graph theoretical measures of FR networks can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the resection of FR events for predicting seizure freedom.
Comparison of cubesat and microsat catastrophic failures in function of radiation and debris impact risk
Authors: Lopez-Calle Isabel , Franco Alexander I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOccurrence level comparison of catastrophic failures due to radiation effects on electronic components or collision with space debris are studied in two types of satellites: cubesats and microsats. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) case studies are proposed, and the level of catastrophic failure occurrence is quantified for the same mission duration. The variation in the occurrence of failures is studied and there is a determination of which is more likely. Emphasis is placed on examining how an increase in space debris would affect the reliability of future space missions.
Sequence similarity between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and multiple sclerosis-associated proteins provides insight into viral neuropathogenesis following infection
Authors: Lake Camille M. , Breen Joseph J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to cause death and disease throughout the world, underscoring the necessity of understanding the virus and host immune response. From the start of the pandemic, a prominent pattern of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including demyelination, has emerged, suggesting an underlying mechanism of viral mimicry to CNS proteins. We hypothesized that immunodominant epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 share homology with proteins associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Using PEPMatch, a newly developed bioinformatics package which predicts peptide similarity within specific amino acid mismatching parameters consistent with published MHC binding capacity, we discovered that nucleocapsid protein shares significant overlap with 22 MS-associated proteins, including myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). Further computational evaluation demonstrated that this overlap may have critical implications for T cell responses in MS patients and is likely unique to SARS-CoV-2 among the major human coronaviruses. Our findings substantiate the hypothesis of viral molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of MS and warrant further experimental exploration.
Endogenous incretin levels and risk of first incident cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jujić Amra , Godina Christopher , Belting Mattias , Melander Olle , Juul Holst Jens , Ahlqvist Emma , Gomez Maria F. , Nilsson Peter M. , Jernström Helena , Magnusson Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConcerns have been raised regarding a potentially increased risk of cancer associated with treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Here, we explored whether fasting and oral glucose tolerance test post-challenge glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and GLP-1 levels were associated with incident first cancer. Within the cardiovascular re-examination arm of the population-based Malmö Diet Cancer study (n = 3734), 685 participants with a previous cancer diagnosis were excluded, resulting in 3049 participants (mean age 72.2 ± 5.6 years, 59.5% women), of whom 485 were diagnosed with incident first cancer (median follow-up time 9.9 years). Multivariable Cox-regression and competing risk regression (death as competing risk) were used to explore associations between incretin levels and incident first cancer. Higher levels of fasting GLP-1 (462 incident first cancer cases/2417 controls) showed lower risk of incident first cancer in competing risk regression (sub-hazard ratio 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.82–0.99; p = 0.022). No association was seen for fasting GIP, post-challenge GIP, or post-challenge GLP-1 and incident first cancer. In this prospective study, none of the fasting and post-challenge levels of GIP and GLP-1 were associated with higher risk of incident first cancer; by contrast, higher levels of fasting GLP-1 were associated with lower risk of incident first cancer.
Antifungal activity of potential probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains and their role against toxigenic aflatoxin-producing aspergilli
Authors: Mahjoory Yalda , Mohammadi Reza , Hejazi Mohammad Amin , Nami Yousef 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTwo major aflatoxin-producing strains are Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Probiotic bacteria have been identified as a potential means to fight aspergilli and reduce the availability of aflatoxin (AFs) as well as other food contaminants. In this study, the potential of ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7 strains to inhibit the growth of aspergilli was investigated. Both strains survived in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions and inhibited the growth of Aspergillus significantly. Auto-aggregation ranged from 67.4 ± 1.9 for ABRIIFBI-6 to 75.8 ± 2.3% for ABRIIFBI-7, and hydrophobicity ranged from 57.3 ± 1.6 to 61.2 ± 1.4% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ranged from 51.2 ± 1.4 to 55.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-7. The ranges of coaggregation with Staphylococcus aureus were 51.3 ± 1.7 and 52.4 ± 1.8% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively, while coaggregation with Bacillus cereus was 57.9 ± 2.1 and 49.3 ± 1.9% for ABRIIFBI-6 and ABRIIFBI-7, respectively. Both strains indicated remarkable sensitivity to clinical antibiotics. According to the analysis of the identified potential probiotics, the findings of this study could significantly contribute to the understanding of the probiotic potential of LAB in dairy products in order to access their probiotic characterization for use as biocontrol of aflatoxin-producing species.
A novel information gap decision theory‐based demand response scheduling for a smart residential community considering deep uncertainties
Authors: Masihabadi Danial , Kalantar Mohsen , Majd Zahra , Saravi Seyed Vahid Sabzpoosh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDemand response programs (DRPs) have paved a meaningful role in the power supply–demand balance in a smart grid. Also, a residential community with the presence of renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) provides a new way to tackle growing concerns about energy efficiency and environmental pollution. The inherent uncertainty of RESs generation and EVs behaviour leads to difficulty in the economic scheduling of the demand side. Different types of uncertainty modelling have been investigated, such as Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, fuzzy method, and robust optimization. They are faced with many scenarios and computational complexity. This paper uses the information gap decision theory (IGDT) method to study variations of uncertainty radius on residential community electricity costs. Therefore, to achieve an optimal strategy for scheduling the appliances considering the deep uncertainties of RESs and EVs, a novel IGDT‐based demand response scheduling for a residential community is proposed. Impacts of different levels of uncertainties are studied. The simulation results depict the privileges of the proposed method when confronting deep uncertainties. By increasing the radius of the uncertainty of RES and the initial charge of EVs, energy consumption costs grew 20% and 2%, respectively, which indicates the system operator can manage the costs effectively.