bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between serum creatinine and type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Rugang , He Min , Yang Qilin , Liang Zezhi , li Ying , Huang Ling , Wu Rong , Huang Jieping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe relationship between serum creatinine and type 2 diabetes is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of baseline serum creatinine and new-onset type 2 diabetes in Chinese population. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the health screening program in China. The population were divided into four groups based on serum creatinine levels, and the outcome of interest was the occurrence of a diabetic event. Cox proportional risk model was used to assess the independent effect of baseline serum creatinine level on future diabetes risk. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were used to verify the reliability of the results. After an average follow-up of 3.12 years, among 201,298 individuals aged ≥ 20 years, 3389 patients developed diabetes. Compared with participants in quartile 2–4 (> 51.6umol/L for female, > 71.8umol/L for male,), a significantly higher risk of new-onset Type 2 Diabetes (OR, 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07–1.23) was found in those in quartile 1 (< 51.6umol/L for female, < 71.8umol/L for male). Moreover, Similar results were found in various subgroups stratified by age, BMI, TG, TC, FPG and family history group. Low serum creatinine is independently associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults. It was also stable in various subgroups stratified.
Characterization of electrochemical deposition of copper and copper(I) oxide on the carbon nanotubes coated stainless steel substrates
Authors: Marchewka Jakub , Kołodziejczyk Ewa , Bezkosty Patryk , Sitarz Maciej 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nanocomposite coatings composed of carbon nanotubes and various forms of copper were prepared in the two-step process. Firstly, carbon nanotubes were coated on stainless steel substrate using electrophoretic deposition at constant current. Then, the process of electrochemical deposition using copper(II) sulphate solutions was performed under high overpotential conditions. The modification of the copper(II) cations concentration in the solution and the deposition time provided the formation of various forms of crystals. The samples and their cross-sections were observed and examined using scanning electron microscope equipped with electron dispersive spectroscopy system. The analysis of chemical composition revealed that in addition to the pure copper crystals, the crystals characterized by the presence of copper and oxygen were formed. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy was applied to determine the unknown stoichiometry of this copper oxide. The point and in-depth analysis identified copper(I) oxide in the form of different size crystals depending on the concentration of the copper(II) sulphate solution. To confirm these findings, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements were also performed. the combination of the applied methods has provided the detailed description of the preparation of the nanocomposite coatings with the proposed mechanism of copper(I) oxide formation.
Distinct features of two lipid droplets types in cell nuclei from patients with liver diseases
Authors: Imai Norihiro , Ohsaki Yuki , Cheng Jinglei , Zhang Jingjing , Mizuno Fumitaka , Tanaka Taku , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Ito Takanori , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Wake Hiroaki , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) have been observed in the nuclei of hepatocytes; however, their significance in liver disease remains unresolved. Our purpose was to explore the pathophysiological features of intranuclear LDs in liver diseases. We included 80 patients who underwent liver biopsies; the specimens were dissected and fixed for electron microscopy analysis. Depending on the presence of adjacent cytoplasmic invagination of the nuclear membrane, LDs in the nuclei were classified into two types: nucleoplasmic LDs (nLDs) and cytoplasmic LD invagination with nucleoplasmic reticulum (cLDs in NR). nLDs were found in 69% liver samples and cLDs in NR were found in 32%; no correlation was observed between the frequencies of the two LD types. nLDs were frequently found in hepatocytes of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, whereas cLDs in NR were absent from the livers of such patients. Further, cLDs in NR were often found in hepatocytes of patients with lower plasma cholesterol level. This indicates that nLDs do not directly reflect cytoplasmic lipid accumulation and that formation of cLDs in NR is inversely correlated to the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Positive correlations were found between the frequencies of nLDs and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal expansion, suggesting that nLDs are formed in the nucleus upon ER stress. This study unveiled the presence of two distinct nuclear LDs in various liver diseases.
From polyethylene waste bottles to UIO-66 (Zr) for preconcentration of steroid hormones from river water
Authors: Selahle Shirley Kholofelo , Nqombolo Azile , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal–organic framework (UiO-66 (Zr) was synthesized using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and used as an adsorbent for extraction and preconcentration of steroid hormones in river water. Polyethylene waste bottles were used as the source of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ligands. The UIO-66(Zr), which the PET was made from recycled waste plastics, was used for the first time for the extraction and preconcentration of four different types of steroid hormones in river water samples. Various analytical characterization techniques were employed to characterize the synthesized material. The steroid hormones were detected and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD). The results were further validated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Experimental variables, such as sample pH, the mass of adsorbent and extraction time, were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The dispersive solid phase extraction method combined with HPLC–DAD, displayed good linearity (0.004–1000 µg/L) low limits of detections (LODs, 1.1–16 ng/L for ultrapure water and 2.6–5.3 ng/L for river water) and limits of quantification (LOQs, 3.7–5.3 ng/L for ultrapure water and 8.7–11.0 ng/L for river water samples) and acceptable extraction recoveries (86–101%). The intraday (n = 10) and interday (n = 5) precisions expressed in terms of relative standard deviations (%RSD) were all less than 5%. The steroid hormones were detected in most of the river water samples (Vaal River and Rietspruit River). The DSPE/HPLC method offered a promising approach for simultaneous extraction, preconcentration and determination of steroid hormones in water.
The proposed EU Directives for AI liability leave worrying gaps likely to impact medical AI
Authors: Duffourc Mindy Nunez , Gerke Sara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo newly proposed Directives impact liability for artificial intelligence in the EU: a Product Liability Directive (PLD) and an AI Liability Directive (AILD). While these proposed Directives provide some uniform liability rules for AI-caused harm, they fail to fully accomplish the EU’s goal of providing clarity and uniformity for liability for injuries caused by AI-driven goods and services. Instead, the Directives leave potential liability gaps for injuries caused by some black-box medical AI systems, which use opaque and complex reasoning to provide medical decisions and/or recommendations. Patients may not be able to successfully sue manufacturers or healthcare providers for some injuries caused by these black-box medical AI systems under either EU Member States’ strict or fault-based liability laws. Since the proposed Directives fail to address these potential liability gaps, manufacturers and healthcare providers may have difficulty predicting liability risks associated with creating and/or using some potentially beneficial black-box medical AI systems.
Single cell quantification of microRNA from small numbers of non-invasively sampled primary human cells
Authors: Ho Vanessa , Baker Jonathan R. , Willison Keith R. , Barnes Peter J. , Donnelly Louise E. , Klug David R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExpression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in single cells are low and conventional miRNA detection methods require amplification that can be complex, time-consuming, costly and may bias results. Single cell microfluidic platforms have been developed; however, current approaches are unable to absolutely quantify single miRNA molecules expressed in single cells. Herein, we present an amplification-free sandwich hybridisation assay to detect single miRNA molecules in single cells using a microfluidic platform that optically traps and lyses individual cells. Absolute quantification of miR-21 and miR-34a molecules was achieved at a single cell level in human cell lines and validated using real-time qPCR. The sensitivity of the assay was demonstrated by quantifying single miRNA molecules in nasal epithelial cells and CD3+ T-cells, as well as nasal fluid collected non-invasively from healthy individuals. This platform requires ~50 cells or ~30 µL biofluid and can be extended for other miRNA targets therefore it could monitor miRNA levels in disease progression or clinical studies.
Finding AGN remnant candidates based on radio morphology with machine learning
Authors: Mostert Rafaël I. J. , Morganti Raffaella , Brienza Marisa , Duncan Kenneth J. , Oei Martijn S. S. L. , Röttgering Huub J. A. , Alegre Lara , Hardcastle Martin J. , Jurlin Nika 
Published: April 2023

Context. Remnant radio galaxies represent the dying phase of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN). Large samples of remnant radio galaxies are important for quantifying the radio-galaxy life cycle. The remnants of radio-loud AGN can be identified in radio sky surveys based on their spectral index, and identifications can be confirmed through visual inspection based on their radio morphology. However, this latter confirmation process is extremely time-consuming when applied to the new large and sensitive radio surveys.
Aims. Here, we aim to reduce the amount of visual inspection required to find AGN remnants based on their morphology using supervised machine learning trained on an existing sample of remnant candidates.
Methods. For a dataset of 4107 radio sources with angular sizes of larger than 60 arcsec from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Two-Metre Sky Survey second data release (LoTSS-DR2), we started with 151 radio sources that were visually classified as ‘AGN remnant candidate’. We derived a wide range of morphological features for all radio sources from their corresponding Stokes-I images: from simple source-catalogue-derived properties to clustered Haralick-features and self-organising-map(SOM)-derived morphological features. We trained a random forest classifier to separate the AGN remnant candidates from the yet-to-be inspected sources.
Results. The SOM-derived features and the total-to-peak flux ratio of a source are shown to have the greatest influence on the classifier. For each source, our classifier outputs a positive prediction, if it believes the source to be a likely AGN remnant candidate, or a negative prediction. The positive predictions of our model include all initially inspected AGN remnant candidates, plus a number of yet-to-be inspected sources. We estimate that 31 ± 5% of sources with positive predictions from our classifier will be labelled AGN remnant candidates upon visual inspection, while we estimate the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval for AGN remnant candidates in the negative predictions to be 8%. Visual inspection of just the positive predictions reduces the number of radio sources requiring visual inspection by 73%.
Conclusions. This work shows the usefulness of SOM-derived morphological features and source-catalogue-derived properties in capturing the morphology of AGN remnant candidates. The dataset and method outlined in this work bring us closer to the automatic identification of AGN remnant candidates based on radio morphology alone and the method can be used in similar projects that require automatic morphology-based classification in conjunction with small labelled sample sizes.
Evaluierung der Eltern-Kind-Interaktions Einschätzskala (EKIE) – adaptiert für Eltern-Kind-Dyaden nach kindlicher Cochlea Implantat-Versorgung – eine Pilotstudie
Authors: Martsch Anke , Metzeld Dennis , Helbig Silke , Seebens Yvonne 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungUnterschiede im Spracherwerb Cochlea-Implantat-(CI)-versorgter Kinder resultieren unter anderem aus der Interaktionsqualität des Kindes mit seinen Bezugspersonen. Derzeit fehlt jedoch ein praxistaugliches Instrument zu deren Erfassung.Ziel der Pilotstudie ist die Evaluation der von den Autoren vorgenommenen Erweiterung der videogestützten Eltern-Kind-Interaktions Einschätzskala (EKIE) für die Zielgruppe der CI-versorgten Kinder. Die Ergänzung beinhaltet die Bewertung der elterlichen Verhaltensweisen und Sprachangebote zur Förderung der Hör- und Lautsprachentwicklung. Die Studie untersucht Validität und Reliabilität der adaptierten Fassung (EKIE-hör) sowie die Zeitökonomie der Durchführung. Hierzu wurden sechs Videos von Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen durch neun Mitarbeiter mittels EKIE-hör (5-stufige Skala) bewertet. Die Reliabilität der Bewertungen wurde mit Hilfe einer Intraklassenkorrelation (ICC) basierend auf durchschnittlichen Maßen in einem zweifach gemischten Konsistenzmodell bestimmt.Die ICC ergab für die meisten Variablen Raterübereinstimmungen im guten bis exzellenten Bereich. Nach mehrmonatiger Implementierung des EKIE-hör in den therapeutischen Alltag erfolgte eine Befragung der therapeutischen Fachkräfte zur Durchführungsdauer, die zeigte, dass die Interaktionsqualität mit Hilfe der EKIE-hör zeitökonomisch (Median: 5–10 Minuten) eingeschätzt werden kann.
Recent Developments in Ultrasound-Promoted Aqueous-Mediated Greener Synthesis of Biologically Vital Indole Derivatives
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jain Meenakshi , Sharma Amit , Choupra Kanaram , Aheer Ashish Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe extensive range of uses of N-heterocycles as potent bioactive motifs has attracted researchers to expand newer methods for their efficient synthesis. Particularly, indoles are widely known for their prevalent pharmacological properties. Green chemistry provides various synthetic tools viz. alternative energy resources, nonconventional solvents, nano-catalysts, etc. Modern strategies of using ultrasound as an alternative energy resource in organic synthesis has led to the development of environment friendly and cost-effective techniques. The chemical and mechanical effects of ultrasound waves impart significant enhancement in both stoichiometric and catalytic reactions. The exclusive physicochemical properties of water offer widespread utility for carrying out organic reactions in this medium. The aim of this review article is to provide an inclusive summary of the combined use of ultrasound and aqueous media for the facile synthesis of biologically vital indole derivatives.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Biologically Vital Indoles2.1 Spirocyclic Indoles2.2 Non-spiro 3-Substituted Indoles2.3 Miscellaneous Indole Syntheses3 Conclusions
Minimal-Invasive Mitral Valve Repair after Breast Augmentation
Authors: Schaeffer Thibault , Koechlin Luca , Kappos Elisabeth Artemis , Eckstein Friedrich Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMinimal-invasive mitral valve surgery after breast augmentation is an ongoing interdisciplinary challenge. Notably, the perioperative explantation of the breast implant, as reported in most cases, is of questionable benefit. We herein report on successful minimal-invasive mitral valve repair after subpectoral breast augmentation with perioperative preservation of the breast implant in situ.
Acute Bronchiolitis in Term Newborns Following Relaxation in COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior
Authors: Qureshi Umar Amin , Bhat Abdus Sami , Lone Mohd Suhail , Jan Muzafar , Wani Nisar Ahmad , Shah Mubashir Hassan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Neonatal bronchiolitis is not well characterized. We studied the profile of acute bronchiolitis in term newborns during a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surge following relaxation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appropriate behavior.
Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study performed in the neonatology division of a tertiary care pediatric hospital at Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Term neonates (born at ≥37 completed gestational weeks) from 7 up to 28 days of life admitted with bronchiolitis over a 1-month period (November 2021) were included.
Results Out of total 480 neonatal admissions over a month, 35 (7%) had acute bronchiolitis. Eight neonates were excluded. Out of 27 included neonates, 13 were males. Mean age at presentation was 20 days. All neonates were born at term (≥37 completed gestational weeks). Cough (26), rapid breathing (20), and lower chest indrawing (20) were the predominant presenting features. Median SPO2 was 87% (interquartile range 85–92%). Fourteen (52%) neonates needed admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Respiratory support was needed in the form of oxygen through nasal prongs in 24 (89%) newborns. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) and bubble continuous positive airway pressure were used in five neonates each. Two neonates were mechanically ventilated. The mean duration of the hospital stay was 6.2 days. All neonates survived.
Conclusion A series of 27 term neonates with bronchiolitis during an RSV surge is reported in the aftermath of lifting of COVID-19 restrictions. Many of these neonates were sick enough to require significant respiratory support. The outcome was good in all neonates.
Performance analysis of heat pipe-cooled two-stage thermoelectric air conditioner
Authors: Meng Fankai , Sun Yuetong , Cheng Zhaojun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A detailed model of heat pipe-cooled two-stage thermoelectric (TE) air conditioner is established. The performance is analysed comprehensively including the cooling power, coefficient of performance (COP), thermodynamic perfectibility and extreme temperature difference. The influences of key parameters including working current, distribution ratio of TE elements and heat pipe parameters are analysed by numerical simulation. The working current and the TE element number ratio are optimized for the maximum cooling power and the maximum COP respectively. The influences of the cross-sectional area, the length of the TE element and the temperature difference on the optimal variables and optimal performance is obtained. The results show the refrigeration performance of the TE air conditioner can be effectively improved by heat pipe cooling. The two-stage mode can effectively improve the refrigeration temperature difference. The extreme temperature difference can be improved from 60 K to 110 K.
Analysis of water supply system characteristics and water hammer protection measures in hilly towns
Authors: Yuan Wenqi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The terrain of hilly areas is undulating. The water supply system of small towns in this area is characterized by small scale of water consumption, large variation of water quantity, complex operation of pipe network, frequent start and stop of pumps, poor integrity of pipe network and low safety and reliability. Therefore, the layout and operation management of water supply pipe network caused many problems, and the water hammer protection of pipe network can not be ignored. Taking K town in typical hilly area as the object, the characteristics of water supply are investigated and analyzed, and the water hammer and protection measures are analyzed, in order to provide reference for the safe and stable operation of water supply network in small towns in hilly area.
CFD study of two-phase cross flow and heat transfer in sub-channels of pressurized water reactor fuel assemblies
Authors: Xiao Han , Yang Ting , Xie Aoda 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The safety of nuclear power systems is extremely important. The development of nuclear power is predicated on the safety of the system. Under certain operating conditions, the coolant flowing through the fuel assembly will undergo phase change, resulting in gas-liquid two-phase flow. The existence of the two-phase flow will change the stability of the coolant flow and thus affect the reliability of the core instrumentation under accident conditions. The presence of the two-phase flow will also change the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant, thus affecting the temperature distribution on the surface of the instrument guide tube. This paper adopts the computational fluid dynamics method. On the one hand, this paper calculates the two-phase cross flow of the two-channel. By changing the inlet boundary conditions to achieve the elimination of diversion cross flow, the two-phase cross flow phenomenon was observed, which laid the foundation for future experiments. On the other hand, calculations of the surface temperature of the instrument guide tube. The surrounding flow field show that the temperature of the surface of the instrument guide tube is higher in two phases than in one phase. The gas phase moves to the surface of the instrument guide tube.
Research on the selection of high voltage submarine AC cables for long distance offshore wind farm
Authors: Jiang Yumeng , Qi Yuchen , Zhao Gangchao , Li Hao’en , Pang Aili , Huang Ruanming , Song Tianli , Zhou Ziyang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the increase distance of offshore wind farm, the investment proportion of high-voltage delivery submarine cable in the whole project is gradually increasing, so the reasonable selection of cable delivery scheme becomes more and more important. In this paper, for different scales of offshore wind farms, the preliminary selection basis of two delivery schemes of AC high-voltage and flexible DC is proposed, and the economic and technical comparison principles of different AC delivery schemes are further analyzed with engineering example. In general, for medium-sized offshore wind farms, if the AC high-voltage transmission scheme is used, a reactive power compensation station can be set in the middle of the cable to improve the current distribution on the cable.
Study on flue gas waste heat utilization system optimization of a new 1000MW unit
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Kuan , Qu Yaopeng , An Hongjia , Xue Ligang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the flue gas waste heat utilization system in a new 1000MW unit was as the research object, and the numerical simulations on the flue flow field and resistance characteristics of the low-temperature economizer for four operating conditions without guiding device or with three kind guiding devices was carried out by computational fluid dynamics software, and the correctness of the numerical simulation result was verified by the guaranteed value of the low-temperature economizer manufacturer. The results show that: The simulation result was basically consistent with the guaranteed value of the low-temperature economizer manufacturer, which was shown the correctness of the simulation calculation; the flue gas flow of low-temperature economizer without guiding device was unevenly distributed, with high-speed area and ash prone area; the additional guiding devices can reduce the inlet deflection angle of the low-temperature economizer, which can effectively reduce the speed deviation and improve the flow field distribution; The effect of flow equalization and resistance characteristics of the guiding devices first decreases and then increases with the number of guiding devices; The unreasonable selection of the number and position of the guiding devices will cause the flue gas to rush on the flue and cause the risk of flue vibration. In order to promote the realization of the transformation purpose, the improvement effect of the guiding devices should be simulated and calculated before the transformation.