bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Intensity of Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Practices in the Agriculture Sector in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Ganesh Raj , Bhandari Ramchandra 
Published: February 2023

Climate change has been noticed in the agricultural sector of Nepal which calls for strategies for adaptation and resilience building. We assessed the influence of demographic, institutional factors, and farm characteristics on the adoption of twenty climate change adaptation practices. We used climate change impact survey data of 800 households for Province 1 and analyzed the data using the Poisson regression and corrected the overdispersion using Negative Binomial regression. The results revealed that the operational size of landholding, years of experience in farming and formal education of the household head, the association of members in cooperatives and community-based organizations, the occurrence of disasters in the last five years, male-headed households, and receiving remittance influenced the adoption of a package of climate change adaptation practices in agriculture in Nepal. The results imply that policies should be geared towards enhancing the capacity of farmers through education and skill training, strengthening social networks, increasing investment for the generation and dissemination of climate-resilient agricultural technologies and practices, implementing additional off-farm and on-farm activities to increase income, and improving access to physical resources, education, and information to female-headed households.
The Diagnostic Utility of Mean Platelet Volume as a Marker of Pulmonary Hypertension in COPD Patients
Authors: Safwat El-Gendy Sara , Mohamed Elsokkary Hatem , Shehata El-dib Ayman , Shawky Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide that induces an economic and social burden. The aim of this work was to assess mean platelet volume (MPV), as a marker of platelet activation, predicting pulmonary hypertension (PAH) in COPD patients and its correlation with severity of PAH.
Methods: This prospective observational control cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 subjects who divided in to three groups: Group I: 30 mild to moderate COPD patients, group II: 30 severe COPD patients and group III (control): included 20 healthy age-matched individuals. All patients were subjected to radiological investigation (chest x-ray (PA) and CT chest), spirometry, transthoracic echocardiography and laboratory investigations [CBC and MPV].
Results: The best cut-off value of MPV in diagnosis of moderate PH is ≥9.65 to <9.95 fL with area under curve 0.922, sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 63.6%, Positive predictive value 35.1%, negative predictive value 94.4% and accuracy 68.8%. The best cut-off value of MPV in diagnosis of severe PH is ≥9.95 fL with area under curve 0.968, sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 75.6%, positive predictive value 63.3%, negative predictive value 97.7% and accuracy 80.3 %.
Conclusions: MPV was increased in COPD patients who developed PAH. MPV was positively correlated with severity of PAH.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Silver-water Nanofluid Flow over Stretching Cylinder Subjected to Multiple Convective Conditions over Stretching Sheet and Stretching Cylinder
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Poonia Hemant , Kumari Pavitra 
Published: February 2023

Tiny particles are essential in electronics, heat exchangers, nanotechnology, and materials science because of their exceptional thermal conductivity and unique properties. The study investigate the MHD flow over a stretching cylinder containing silver-water nanofluid in the presence of a magnetic field under multiple convective boundary conditions over stretching sheet and stretching cylinder. A system of PDEs is reduced to a solvable system of ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. We employ the Runga Kutta method along with shooting procedure to solve the flow, heat, and mass transfer equations along with boundary conditions. The results obtained from MATLAB codes are compared with previously published results of the same nature in limiting case. In this model, we made a comparison between the stretching cylinder and a flat sheet and those are represented via graphically. Numerical results of skin-friction coefficient and local Nusselt are systematized in the form of tables for sheet and stretching cylinder. The plots illustrate the effect of different dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Significant role of Biot number on temperature and concentration profile was observed. Nusselt number increases with Bi and Pr but decreases with M. The skin friction is enhanced with M but decrease with \(\lambda\)
T‐type calcium channels as therapeutic targets in essential tremor and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Matthews Lillian G. , Puryear Corey B. , Correia Susana S. , Srinivasan Sharan , Belfort Gabriel M. , Pan Ming‐Kai , Kuo Sheng‐Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuronal action potential firing patterns are key components of healthy brain function. Importantly, restoring dysregulated neuronal firing patterns has the potential to be a promising strategy in the development of novel therapeutics for disorders of the central nervous system. Here, we review the pathophysiology of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, the two most common movement disorders, with a focus on mechanisms underlying the genesis of abnormal firing patterns in the implicated neural circuits. Aberrant burst firing of neurons in the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical and basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical circuits contribute to the clinical symptoms of essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, respectively, and T‐type calcium channels play a key role in regulating this activity in both the disorders. Accordingly, modulating T‐type calcium channel activity has received attention as a potentially promising therapeutic approach to normalize abnormal burst firing in these diseases. In this review, we explore the evidence supporting the theory that T‐type calcium channel blockers can ameliorate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, furthering the case for clinical investigation of these compounds. We conclude with key considerations for future investigational efforts, providing a critical framework for the development of much needed agents capable of targeting the dysfunctional circuitry underlying movement disorders such as essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, and beyond.
Probing the Mysterious Behavior of Tungsten as a Dopant Inside Pristine Cobalt‐Free Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Zaker Nafiseh , Geng Chenxi , Rathore Divya , Hamam Ines , Chen Ning , Xiao Penghao , Yang Chongyin , Dahn J. R. , Botton Gianluigi A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNickel‐rich cathode materials with small amounts of tungsten (W) dopants have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the chemical state, crystalline form, compound chemistry, and location of W in these layered cathodes are still not well‐understood. In this study, these missing structural properties are determined through a combination of macro‐, to atomic‐sensitive characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT). W‐doped LiNiO2 (LNO) particles, prepared with mechanofusion and coprecipitation methods, are used to probe changes in the structure and location of W‐species. The results indicate that W is mainly distributed on the surfaces and inside grain boundaries of the secondary particles, regardless of the doping method. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping confirms the simultaneous presence of W, O, with and without Ni in the grain boundaries as well as W‐ and O‐rich regions on the very surface. The W‐rich areas inside the grain boundaries are found to be in two forms, crystalline and amorphous. This paper suggests the presence of kinetically stabilized‐Li4+xNi1‐xWO6 (x = 0, 0.1) with the possibility of LixWyOz phases in LNO which are consistent with the electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption and diffraction data. The multiple roles of W in this complex microstructure are discussed considering the W distribution.
A Materials Perspective on Direct Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Principles, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Xu Panpan , Tan Darren H. S. , Jiao Binglei , Gao Hongpeng , Yu Xiaolu , Chen Zheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs the dominant means of energy storage technology today, the widespread deployment of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) would inevitably generate countless spent batteries at their end of life. From the perspectives of environmental protection and resource sustainability, recycling is a necessary strategy to manage end‐of‐life LIBs. Compared with traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, the emerging direct recycling technology, rejuvenating spent electrode materials via a non‐destructive way, has attracted rising attention due to its energy efficient processes along with increased economic return and reduced CO2 footprint. This review investigates the state‐of‐the‐art direct recycling technologies based on effective relithiation through solid‐state, aqueous, eutectic solution and ionic liquid mediums and thoroughly discusses the underlying regeneration mechanism of each method regarding different battery chemistries. It is concluded that direct regeneration can be a more energy‐efficient, cost‐effective, and sustainable way to recycle spent LIBs compared with traditional approaches. Additionally, it is also identified that the direct recycling technology is still in its infancy with several fundamental and technological hurdles such as efficient separation, binder removal and electrolyte recovery. In addressing these remaining challenges, this review proposes an outlook on potential technical avenues to accelerate the development of direct recycling toward industrial applications.
Contact‐Driven Snapping in Thermally Actuated Metamaterials for Fully Reversible Functionality
Authors: Ma Ruizhe , Wu Lei , Pasini Damiano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMechanical instability is often harnessed in mechanical metamaterials to generate a diverse range of functionalities, and can be triggered by either a mechanical or a field stimulus, such as temperature. Existing field‐responsive metamaterials with snap‐through instability, however, need to rely on a mechanical input to realize functional reversibility, a limitation depriving them of the capacity to operate solely via the applied field. This work demonstrates reversible snap‐through instability in a bi‐material framework that is exclusively driven by environmental temperature. The need for mechanical intervention is bypassed by leveraging the thermally induced contact and mismatched thermal expansion of the constituent materials. A combination of experiments, theory and simulations, unveils the physics underpinning the thermally driven snapping undergoing four successive regimes of deformation: noncontact, full contact, partial contact, and release. The advantages of the concept are showcased in two applications. The first is the development of thermal switches with ternary operation (OFF‐ON‐OFF) and logic functions, going beyond the capabilities of current binary switches. The second is reversible temporal morphing in deployable structures programmed to snap sequentially in multiple locked configurations at predefined values of temperature, opening the door to applications across sectors, such as deployable antennas, soft robots, and self‐reconfigurable medical devices.
Layering Charged Polymers Enable Highly Integrated High‐Capacity Battery Anodes
Authors: Han Dong‐Yeob , Han Im Kyung , Son Hye Bin , Kim Youn Soo , Ryu Jaegeon , Park Soojin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐capacity anode materials are promising candidates for increasing the energy density of lithium (Li)‐ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities. However, a rapid capacity fading due to the huge volume changes during charge‐discharge cycles limits practical applications. Herein, a layering‐charged polymeric binder is introduced that can effectively integrate high‐capacity anodes using a strong yet reversible Coulomb interaction and enriched hydrogen bonding. The charged polymeric binder builds a dynamically charge‐directed network on the active materials with high versatility and efficiently dissipates the electrode stress with its excellent mechanical properties. In addition, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) moieties of the charged binder offer a fast Li‐ion conduction pathway that can form an ultra‐thick silicon oxide (SiOx)‐based electrode (≈10.2 mAh cm−2) without compromising the reversible specific capacity and promote effective charge interaction as a mechanical modulator. Such an unprecedented charge‐directed binder provides insights into the rational design of a binder for high‐capacity anodes.
Bioresponsive Self‐Reinforcing Sericin/Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Relieving the Immune‐Related Adverse Events in Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Gou Shuangquan , Meng Weilin , Panayi Adriana C. , Wang Rong , Zhang Rui , Gao Pengfei , He Tingting , Geng Wenbo , Hu Shi , Yu Yongsheng , Feng Qian , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the immense potential of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in tumor treatment, its widespread clinical application is currently limited by unsatisfactory curative effect and off‐target adverse effect. Herein, an injectable sericin (SS)/silk fibroin (SF) recombinant hydrogel, termed SF‐SS‐SMC hydrogel, is developed to enable local delivery of anti‐CD47 antibody (α CD47). The hydrogel displays self‐reinforcement in high H2O2 concentration of tumor microenvironment (TME), as the SS/Fe2+ supramolecular nanocomplex (SS‐SMC) inside the hydrogel converts H2O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS), further triggering additional crosslinking among the SF polymers. Therefore, the SF‐SS‐SMC hydrogel has an in vivo retention time longer than 21 days and acts as a reservoir for the long‐term sustained release of α CD47. More importantly, the SF‐SS‐SMC hydrogel itself efficiently regulates the remodeling of a protumor immunosuppressive TME to an antitumoral TME through switching of tumor‐associated macrophages from an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype to a proinflammatory M1 phenotype without additional drugs. Based on the combined effect of sustained α CD47 release and TME reprogramming, the SF‐SS‐SMC hydrogel has satisfactory immunotherapeutic effects in the treatment of local, abscopal, remitting, and metastatic tumors. Further advantages, including low cost of production, simple fabrication, and ease of use, make it promising for commercial mass production.
A Visible and Near‐Infrared Light‐Fueled Omnidirectional Twist‐Bend Crawling Robot
Authors: Qian Nina , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Wang Meng , Huang Shuai , Liu Zhongcheng , Chen Xu‐Man , Hu Jun , Yang Hong , Li Quan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, although light‐driven soft actuators have attracted intense scientific attention and achieved remarkable progress, the design and construction of an intelligent robotic system with maneuverability, self‐adaptability, untethered control, and greater freedom of action, in particular the omnidirectional motion capability on a plane, remains challenging. Herein, four types of photo‐thermal fillers and an unprecedented twist‐bend actuation mode is introduced into a liquid crystal elastomer‐based soft robot. The obtained twist‐bend crawling robot not only exhibits in situ rotation, four‐way turning, and four‐way linear motion under light irradiation with four wavelength bands (520, 655, 808, and 980 nm), but also demonstrates the ability to avoid obstacles in complex geographical environments. This work may bring a new perspective for fabrication and development of soft robots that can adapt to dynamic and complex environmental conditions.
Mechanochromic Photonic Vitrimer Thermal Management Device Based on Dynamic Covalent Bond
Authors: Guan Yuan , Li Hongyu , Zhang Shufen , Niu Wenbin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible self‐healing thermal management devices are increasingly in demand due to their high flexibility, low driving voltage, and excellent stability of thermal property. In this paper, the design of mechanochromic self‐healing thermal management devices is reported based on photonic vitrimer through self‐healing dynamic covalent bond. A series of new photonic vitrimers i first prepared by dynamic disulfide covalent bond and PS@SiO2 photonic crystals. The resulting photonic vitrimer exhibits bright structural colors, large tensile strain (>1000%), high mechanical strength (>10 MPa) and self‐healing ability (>95% efficiency). More importantly, the structural color remains constant after 10000 stretching/releasing cycles, demonstrating excellent mechanical stability, creep‐resistance, and durability. Taking advantage of the above features, a novel mechanochromic flexible wireless thermal management (MFW) device is developed by semi‐embedding the photonic vitrimer in a thermally conductive carbon nanotube film and then integrating it with a Bluetooth module and a control chip. Interestingly, the MFW device exhibits mechanochromic property, fast thermal response, low driving voltage (103 °C, at 3 V), and precise temperature control. Notably, the device even remains electrothermal performance (105 °C) after self‐healing. This work provides new insight into the self‐healing photonic materials, and the device shows promising applications in wearable electronics, vitro physiotherapy, and personal heating.
Recent Progress on Nanomaterial‐Facilitated Electrochemical Strategies for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Yuan Xueli , Lin Bowen , Liu Tao , Zhang Wei , Chu Zhenyu , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang , Jin Wanqin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer is a malignant disease that endangers human life, especially owing to its high fatality rate; therefore, rapid and accurate early screening is needed to effectively improve the survival rate. Compared with traditional cancer detection methods, electrochemical biosensors that recognize cancer biomarkers in blood have the advantages of low invasiveness, fast diagnosis, and low cost. However, there is always a trade‐off between sensitivity and selectivity, which limits the detection of trace amounts of biomarkers produced in the early stages. To address this issue, an increasing number of nanomaterials with simultaneous improvements in both sensitivity and selectivity have recently been reported. In this review, different categories of state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical biosensors and their operating principles are introduced, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the review discusses the existing detection strategies and performance of nanomaterial‐based cancer biosensors for biomarker recognition, providing overall guidance for the material selection of different biomarkers. Finally, the main challenges involving existing electrochemical cancer biosensors are evaluated to present the future development prospects of nanomaterials and detection strategies.
High‐Precision Synthesis of RNA‐Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Seo Hanjin , Jeon Leekang , Kwon Jaeyeong , Lee Hyomin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent development of RNA‐based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)‐anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells’ cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
Solid‐Phase Screening and Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles for Selective Recognition and Detection of Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Zhang Ziying , Ma Liang , Yuan Hui , Chen Ziman , Lv Yongqin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new recognition method is explored for the rapid detection of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) based on the rational design and solid‐phase synthesis of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIP) encapsulated with carbon dots. The nanosized magnetic template is first prepared by attaching the epitope of BNP on amino‐functionalized magnetic carriers. High‐dilution polymerization of monomers in the presence of magnetic template generates lightly crosslinked imprinted nanoparticles. To obtain the optimal MIP formulation, a new combinatorial screening approach is developed by a competitive fluorescence assay using the magnetic template. The resultant nanoMIP exhibits high affinity and selectivity toward BNP with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of ≈10−11 m. The proposed assay allows fast BNP detection within ≈7 min with a linear range of its concentration from 0.25 to 5000 pg mL−1 and a limit of detection of 0.208 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). To demonstrate its practicability in clinical diagnosis, unknown real serum samples from 160 individuals are analyzed and the relative standard deviation is less than 4.43%. Compared with the routine electrochemiluminescence detection method that is widely used in hospital, the relative error is less than 4.98% and the correlation coefficient is 0.994.
Metal–Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Superlattice: Self‐Assembly and Optical Fingerprints
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Qin Xian , Chen Qihao , Jiang Tianci , Chen Qiushui , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembly of nanocrystals into superlattices is a fascinating process that not only changes geometric morphology, but also creates unique properties that considerably enrich the material toolbox for new applications. Numerous studies have driven the blossoming of superlattices from various aspects. These include precise control of size and morphology, enhancement of properties, exploitation of functions, and integration of the material into miniature devices. The effective synthesis of metal–halide perovskite nanocrystals has advanced research on self‐assembly of building blocks into micrometer‐sized superlattices. More importantly, these materials exhibit abundant optical features, including highly coherent superfluorescence, amplified spontaneous laser emission, and adjustable spectral redshift, facilitating basic research and state‐of‐the‐art applications. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of metal–halide perovskite superlattices. It begins with basic packing models and introduces various stacking configurations of superlattices. The potential of multiple capping ligands is also discussed and their crucial role in superlattice growth is highlighted, followed by detailed reviews of synthesis and characterization methods. How these optical features can be distinguished and present contemporary applications is then considered. This review concludes with a list of unanswered questions and an outlook on their potential use in quantum computing and quantum communications to stimulate further research in this area.