bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the average size of preliminary grinded wet feed particles in hammer grinders
Authors: Abilzhanuly Tokhtar , Iskakov Ruslan , Abilzhanov Daniyar , Darkhan Orazakhin 
Published: March 2023

In the conditions of farms, it becomes necessary to grind feed that has a different degree of moisture. Therefore, the choice of universal working bodies is the object of research, and the theoretical determination of the average size of pre-crushed feed particles is of great scientific and practical importance and is a problem that needs to be solved. Proceeding from this, a constructive-technological scheme of a grinder with a universal grinding working body is proposed. The grinding apparatus is equipped with a hammer working body which has cutting edges. In this case, hammers with cutting edges crush the wet mass, and also create an air flow and work as flow accelerators at high speed. As a result of theoretical studies, the steps for arranging these working bodies were determined. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the average length of pre-crushed feed particles depending on the distance between the faces of replaceable knife working bodies, i.e. from the step of arranging them in rows. At the same time, the calculation results showed that with a distance between the faces of replaceable hammers of 20 mm, the value of the average length of the grinded particles was 38.38 mm. The average size of pre-crushed particles from feed raw materials intended for farm animals was 37.64 mm, i. e. the difference between theoretical and actual value is only 2.0 %. This proves the reliability of the obtained analytical expression, which provides the determination of the main parameter of the grinding working body, i. e. spacing of radial knives in rows. The proposed method of determining the average length of crushed particles allows theoretically finding and planning the required particle size
Optimization of technical and technological indicators of kefir added with defatted sesame flour and rice bran
Authors: Qin Xuanxuan , Samilyk Maryna , Luo Yanghe 
Published: March 2023

Defatted sesame cake and rice bran are all by-products of agricultural processing. The aim of the study was to optimize the recipes of kefir added with defatted sesame flour and rice bran. The previous study has yielded some results including dietary fiber content, pH values and sensory evaluation values of kefir samples added with 0, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % DSC and 0, 0.1 %, 0.3 %, 0.5 %, 0.7 % RB, but made no optimization of kefir products. Based on these data, formulation optimization was done using a mathematical model. Two central composite designs for the two-factor analysis (x1x2 and x1x3, respectively) and one three-factor design (x1x2x3) were drawn up to predict the optimal formulation and reduce the number of future experiments. After studying the results of mathematical modeling, the optimal prescription composition corresponds to the 2 % DSC or 0.1 % rice bran content or 2 % DSC and 0.4 % RB content in the recipe. Through mathematical optimization, products with high dietary fiber content, suitable acidity and excellent sensory quality can be obtained. The products meet the current social demand for healthy food and have very good research value. In practical use, three kinds of kefir can be developed:
1. DSC should be ground separately before used, 2 % DSC was introduced into cow milk (m/v), fermented at 28°C for 22 h until pH reached 4.7, then stored at 4 °C;
2. RB should be ground before used, 0.4 % RB was introduced into cow milk (m/v), fermented at 28°C for 22 h until pH reached 4.7, then stored at 4°C;
3. DSC and RB should be ground before used, 2 % DSC and 0.4 % RB were introduced into cow milk (m/v), fermented at 28 °C for 22 h until pH reached 4.7, then stored at 4 °C
Determining the influence of irradiation swelling on creep and damage in elements with orthotropic material properties
Authors: Breslavsky Dmytro , Mietielov Volodymyr , Tatarinova Oksana 
Published: March 2023

This paper reports a method that numerically models the deformation and accumulation of hidden damage in structural elements that are in an inhomogeneous thermal field and are exposed to radiation. Materials considered are those exhibiting orthotropy (transversal isotropy) of long-term properties. The problem is stated as an boundary – initial value one. To solve it, the finite element method and the initial-difference method of time integration are used. To simulate the anisotropy of the process of accumulation of hidden damage, a damage tensor is applied. The development of irradiation swelling strains is described using the equation for a limited temperature range and a specific fluence value. The results of numerical modeling of creep and damage in plates in tension with circular notches, which are in an inhomogeneous temperature field, are considered. The material of the plates is a titanium alloy VT1-0. It was found that the effect of irradiation significantly, up to 6‒7 %, increases the level of deformation in the plate. Radiation significantly, by almost 4 times, reduces the time until the completion of the hidden fracture of the plates. It was found that orthotropy of radiation swelling properties leads to redistribution of areas with significant strains and damage values. It has been established that the effect of irradiation swelling also qualitatively changes the nature of the distribution of maximum damage in the plate, which extends to a fairly large area. Such results are due to the additional effect of irradiation swelling strains on the rate of general irreversible deformation and redistribution of stresses
Justification of the method for determining the dynamic parameters of the mobile fire fighting installation operator
Authors: Abramov Yuriy , Basmanov Oleksii , Sobyna Vitaliy , Kovalov Oleksandr , Feshchenko Andrey 
Published: March 2023

The object of this study is the process of functioning of the "man-robot" system. The task to coordinate parameters of the human operator and the robot is investigated. Aligning these parameters is based on the method of determining the dynamic parameters of the human operator using mathematical models that describe two types of relative errors. The first type includes relative errors in determining the dynamic parameters of the operator, which depend on the error in determining the signals characterizing his response to the test impact. The second type of relative errors is the methodical error, which is due to the approximation of partial derivatives.
The formation of a test impact on the operator is carried out using an interactive whiteboard. The method is based on finding the roots of a linear system of algebraic equations, for the construction of which an approximation of partial derivatives from signals characterizing the operator's response to the test effect is used. The parameters of this system of algebraic equations depend on time parameters. Determination of time parameters is carried out using tolerance criteria and using nomograms. When justifying the main parameter of the test impact on the operator – the speed of movement of the fire front on the interactive whiteboard screen, the properties of the angular eye control system of the mobile fire installation operator are used. These properties are formalized as a mathematical model of dynamic error, which occurs in the process of tracking by the operator the image of a fire on the interactive whiteboard screen. To verify the obtained results, a test problem has been solved; it is shown that the error in determining the dynamic parameters of the operator does not exceed 1.0 %.
The results reported here could be used for designing mobile fire installations of a new generation, the structure of which is based on the use of segways
Analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of the aqueous emulsion fuels of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in stable emulsions at low temperatures
Authors: Sangian Hanny Frans , Pasau Guntur , Tamuntuan Gerald Hendrik , Widjaja Arief , Purwadi Ronny , Agnesty Silvya Yusnica , Sriana Tun , Nurrahman Arif , Tuhuloula Abubakar , Thahir Ramli 
Published: March 2023

Many countries worldwide encounter the greatest difficulties in improving people's life quality since fossil fuel reserves are decreasing, causing fuel prices to rise drastically. This problem has made many countries, including Indonesia, struggle to import them from producers in the Middle East. Adding a small part of ethanol to gasoline is one of the solutions that has been investigated and developed.
The previous works relating to blended fuels, gasoline and ethanol, generally employed absolute alcohol, which was expensive. A small surfactant was added to the mixture to stabilize the emulsion, and the blending was conducted in normal conditions (room temperature). If the composition of gasoline and aqueous ethanol is not precise, the components can be separated at a specific temperature.
The present study is aimed to report the analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of aqueous emulsions of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in a single phase without using a synthetic surfactant in the temperature range of 0–25 °C. The procedures were as follows: fermentation, ethanol distillation and purification, cooling, blending, and characterization of fuel specifications. Components of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water formed a stable emulsion in the composition range of 28.00‒99.79 %, 0.20‒67.97 %, and 0.01‒3.58 %. The observation found that continually increasing the amount of aqueous ethanol and temperature after one phase was attained would not lead to the separation of components. Therefore, gasoline and aqueous ethanol can form a single phase functioning as a surfactant binding water and fossil fuel. The decrease in temperature after the emulsion is stabilized can separate the components whereby it is caused by the faster density change of aqueous ethanol than gasoline
Revealing the peculiarities of average bicoherence of frequencies in the spectra of dangerous parameters of the gas environment during fire
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Andronov Vladimir , Rybka Evgenіy , Chubko Larysa , Bezuhla Yuliia , Gordiichuk Svitlana , Lutsenko Tatiana , Suriadna Nataliia , Hryshko Svitlana , Kushchova Tetyana 
Published: March 2023

The object of this study is a change in the hazardous parameters of the gas environment when materials are ignited in the premises. The subject is the features of the average bicoherence of the frequencies of the spectra of changes in the hazardous parameters of the gas environment when materials are ignited. The importance of such studies is based on the fact that the examined features can be used for the early detection of fires. The value of the average bicoherence is proposed to be determined for each frequency, taking into account the average value of the cosine argument of the complex bispectrum for a given frequency interval. It was established that the values of the average bicoherence of the spectrum of changes in the temperature of the gaseous medium in the interval of no ignition of the materials, averaged by frequency in the range of 0–2 Hz, lie in the range from ‒0.052 to ‒0.35. At the same time, the frequency-averaged values of mean bicoherence at the ignition interval of materials lie in the range of ‒0.128 to +0.155. Averaged in the frequency range of 0–2 Hz, the value of the mean bicoherence of the spectrum of changes in smoke density in the interval of absence of ignition of materials lies in the range from ‒0.018 to +0.568. In the presence of fires, this value is in the range from –0.244 to +0.23. At the same time, the average value of the average bicoherence of the spectrum of changes in the concentration of carbon monoxide of the gas medium for test materials, averaged in the range from 0 to 2 Hz, ranges from +0.016 to +0.109. In the case of ignition of materials, the average values range from +0.0007 to +0.053, except for ignition of wood (+0.117). In general, the revealed features of the average bicoherence of the frequency components of the spectra of changes in the hazardous parameters of the gas environment indicate the possibility of their use to identify fires and prevent fires
Computer analysis of multiple measurements with the sensor's quadratic transformation function
Authors: Shcherban’ Volodymyr , Korohod Hanna , Chuprynka Nataliia , Kolysko Oksana , Shcherban’ Yury , Shchutska Ganna 
Published: March 2023

The object of research is multiple measurements. The research aims to improve the accuracy of multiple measurements with a non-linear and unstable sensor transformation function. It is proved that the redundant measurement equation ensures the independence of the measurement result from the parameters of the transformation function and their deviations from the nominal values. It was found that the result of redundant measurements is affected by the reproduction errors of normalized temperatures T1 and T2. It is shown that the best accuracy results are obtained with a reproduction error of normalized temperature T2 within ±1.0 % and temperature T1 within ±0.1 %. This makes it possible to reduce the accuracy requirements for the source of reproduction of normalized temperature Т2.
The possibility of processing the results of multiple measurements by two approaches is presented. Computer modeling using the first approach found that with a reproduction error of normalized temperature T2 within ±0.5 %, the relative measurement error is 0.003 %. When modeling the second approach, the relative error is 0.05 %. It was also found that with an increase in the reproduction error of normalized temperature T2 to ±1.0 %, the value of the relative error is 0.04 %. Due to this, when applying the second approach, it becomes possible to choose a non-high-precision source of reproduction of normalized temperature T2. In addition, the sensitivity of the second approach to the digit range of measuring devices was found, which leads to the dependence of the measurement result on their accuracy.
There are reasons to assert the possibility of increasing the accuracy of multiple measurements by processing the results of intermediate measurements according to redundant measurement equations using two approaches
Developing microphone-based audio commands classifier using convolutional neural network
Authors: Mahdi Shakir Mahmood , Hussein Sabreen Ali , Salman Hayder Mahmood , Sfayyih Alyaa Hamel , Sulaiman Nasri Bin 
Published: March 2023

Audio command recognition methods are essential to be recognized for performing user instructions, especially for people with disabilities. Previous studies couldn’t examine and classify the performance optimization of up to twelve audio commands categories. This work develops a microphone-based audio commands classifier using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with performance optimization to categorize twelve classes including background noise and unknown words. The methodology mainly includes preparing the input audio commands for training, extracting features, and visualizing auditory spectrograms. Then a CNN-based classifier is developed and the trained architecture is evaluated. The work considers minimizing latency by optimizing the processing phase by compiling MATLAB code into C code if the processing phase reaches a peak algorithmically. In addition, the method conducts decreasing the frame size and increases the sample rate that is also contributed to minimizing latency and maximizing the performance of processing audio input data. A modest bit of dropout to the input to the final fully connected layer is added to lessen the likelihood that the network will memorize particular elements of the training data. We explored expanding the network depth by including convolutional identical elements, ReLu, and batch normalization layers to improve the network's accuracy. The training progress demonstrated how fast the accuracy of the network is increasing to reach about 98.1 %, which interprets the ability of the network to over-fit the data of training. This work is essential to serve speech and speaker recognition such as smart homes and smart wheelchairs, especially for people with disabilities
A method for assessing the productivity trends of collective scientific subjects based on the modified PageRank algorithm
Authors: Andrashko Yurii , Kuchanskyi Oleksandr , Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Pohoriliak Oleksandr , Gladka Myroslava , Slyvka-Tylyshchak Ganna , Khlaponin Dmytro , Chychkan Ivan 
Published: March 2023

The task of calculating the productivity of collective scientific subjects is a relevant issue in scientometrics. This study formalized the problem of assessing productivity trends of collective scientific subjects. The TWPR-CI method for calculating the performance based on the modified PageRank algorithm is described. Formulas for calculating productivity have been derived that make it possible to take into account a change in the productivity of collective scientific subjects over time. The indicators of the basic average absolute change in performance and the chain average relative change in performance were chosen as the basis. To select promising, from the point of view of scientific work, collective subjects, preference is given to those whose basic average absolute change in productivity is positive or the chain average relative change in productivity exceeds unity. Verification of the method for assessing performance trends of collective scientific entities based on the modified PageRank algorithm using the public dataset Citation Network Dataset was carried out. The dataset includes more than 5 million scientific publications and 48 million citations. The citation of scientific publications of 27,500 collective scientific subjects for the period from 2000 to 2022 was analyzed. For this period, for 15 selected collective scientific subjects, performance is calculated using the TWPR-CI method, as well as estimates of productivity trends based on their average relative change. There are three classes of collective scientific subjects according to productivity trends. The results indicate the relevance of the proposed method for quantifying the productivity trends of collective scientific entities (higher education institutions, scientific institutes, laboratories, and other institutions engaged in scientific activities)
Fatigue determination of the kenaf/PLA composite structure using fatigue specimen (ASTM D7791): a computational analysis
Authors: Abbu Muthana Adil Najim , Hashim Doaa Talib , Albegmprli Hasan Mohammed Ahmed , Mezaal Mustafa Ridha 
Published: March 2023

In this investigation, a kenaf/PLA composite specimen was subjected to the fatigue load, and the results were analyzed numerically. Some of the most significant fatigue tool aspects that were looked into were life expectancy, damage, alternative stress, and biaxiality indication. The static structural tool was utilized in order to predict the numerical analysis, and the calculations were performed with the GoodMan theory of fatigue. The loading was completely reversed so that it was equal to 30 kN. When it was discovered that the system could continue to function even after 1e6 cycles had been completed. After applying the alternative load of 30 kN, the biaxiality indication was found to be 0.425, with a minimum value of 0.9. It has been determined how much damage has occurred. The minimum amount of cycles necessary to reach the maximum damage potential is 1000, while the maximum amount of cycles necessary to reach the maximum damage potential is 1.7662·106. It has been established that there is another stress that is comparable to this one. Based on the findings of the investigation, it was determined that the fillet regions of the specimen were subjected to a maximum alternative stress of 716.4 MPa. The alternative stress cannot drop below 31.276 MPa under any circumstances. It has been determined that 106cycles have been spent living in total by the calculation. It has been found out that there is not going to be any damage regardless of the number of cycles that pass due to the fact that that number is 1. It was found that the alternative stress could reach a maximum value of 716.4 MPa, so that was the value that was used for the alternative stress
The effect of alkalization and esterification treatment on mechanical properties of water hyacinth fiber reinforced epoxy-resin composite
Authors: Sulardjaka Sulardjaka , Iskandar Norman , Manik Parlindungan , Nurseto Dwi Satrio 
Published: March 2023

This research investigates the effect of fiber pre-treatment on the mechanical and physical properties of unidirectional water hyacinth (WH) fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites. The water hyacinth fibers have been produced by mechanical processing. The 50–70 cm length of WH stems are brushed with an iron brush to mechanically extract the strands. The dry fibers then were pre-treated by alkalization and esterification. The alkalization ha ve been conducted by immersing the WH fibers on 2 %, 5 % and 10 % NaOH solution for 24 h. The esterification of WH fibers have been done using acetate anhydride. The composite with 15 %, 25 % and 35 % of unidirectional WH fibers was made by hand lay-up. After hand lay up process the WH composites then compacting with pressure compaction 5 MPa. Tensile test and was done based on ASTM D3039. The density of composites was tested based on Archimedes rule. Surface contaminants have been eliminated by fiber treatment. The NaOH treatment eliminated the surface's wax and cuticle. The surface of fibers treated with 10 % NaOH was cleaner than those treated with 5 % NaOH. Fiber treatment has the effect of reducing fiber thickness.The tensile test results of the composite reinforced with WH fiber with NaOH treated and acetate anhydride show that the tensile strength of untreated WH fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites increased with the increase of % WH fiber. The tensile strength results that acetate anhydride treatment of WH fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites showed increased WH fiber increase the tensile strength of composite. The highest tensile strength of epoxy resin reinforced with WH fiber with acetate anhydride treatment