bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Complications After Rhinoplasty: A Multi-Institutional ACS-NSQIP Analysis
Authors: Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Wu Mengfan , Haug Valentin , Broer P. Niclas , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Prantl Lukas , Orgill Dennis P. , Panayi Adriana C. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Despite the popularity of rhinoplasty, outcome research has been mainly limited to single-surgeon or single-institution reports. Therefore, we performed a multi-institutional analysis to present a broader portrait of the postoperative outcomes and risk factors for adverse events after rhinoplasty surgery.

Methods:
We reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database (2009–2019) to identify patients who underwent rhinoplasty. The postoperative outcomes of interest included 30-day mortality, reoperation, readmission, and surgical and medical complications. We also analyzed risk factors for complication occurrence, including patient comorbidities and preoperative laboratory values.

Results:
We identified 835 patients, 72% (n=602) of whom underwent a primary, 21% (n=175) a secondary, and 6.7% (n=58) a cleft nasal deformity procedure. The average patient age was 41±17 years, with most patients being female (n=472; 57%) and white (n=643; 77%). Complications rates were generally low, with reoperation (n=19; 2.3%) and superficial incisional infection (n=9; 1.1%) account for the most common general and surgical adverse event, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed male sex (P=0.04) and higher ASA scores (P<0.0001) as risk factors for complications. Low serum albumin (P=0.04) and hematocrit (P=0.003) levels were associated with the occurrence of any complication, whereas low serum albumin (P=0.02) also correlated with the incidence of surgical adverse events.

Conclusion:
Complication rates after rhinoplasty were overall low and seemed to correlate with male sex and ASA scores. We identified preoperative albumin and hematocrit as predictive biomarkers of adverse events. Preoperative nutritional optimization and management of low hematocrit may improve postoperative outcomes.
Energy homeostasis from Lavoisier to control theory
Authors: Geary Nori 
Published: July 2023

The intellectual history of energy homeostasis, focusing on food intake and energy storage, is briefly reviewed. Physiological energetics was founded by Lavoisier, who in the late eighteenth century invented direct and indirect calorimetry and discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration. Energy was understood well enough by the mid-nineteenth century to realize the physiological energy-balance equation, that energy intake – energy expenditure = energy storage, but this did not greatly influence physiological research for another century. Homeostasis, the concept that many vital physiological variables are actively regulated in narrow envelopes, was developed by Bernard and Cannon between approximately 1870–1940 and remains a central principle of physiology. Kennedy coined the term lipostasis in 1953 to refer to the constancy of fat mass, which Mayer argued was the mechanism regulating body weight. A parameterized control-theory model suggests that a proportional negative-feedback control system incompletely compensates weight loss during persistent negative energy balance, suggesting that Cannon's idea of constancy within a narrow envelope may not fit body-weight regulation well. This modelling encourages further application of control theory to issues in energy homeostasis, including to the development of obesity. It also sets the stage for understanding the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)’.
Breaking down silos: the multifaceted nature of obesity and the future of weight management
Authors: Heeren Faith Anne N. , Darcey Valerie L. , Deemer Sarah E. , Menon Sarada , Tobias Deirdre , Cardel Michelle I. 
Published: July 2023

The continued global increase in the prevalence of obesity prompted a meeting at the Royal Society of London investigating causal mechanisms of the disease, ‘Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures, and evidence’ in October 2022. Evidence presented indicates areas of obesity science where there have been advancements, including an increased understanding of biological and physiological processes of weight gain and maintenance, yet it is clear there is still debate on the relative contribution of plausible causes of the modern obesity epidemic. Consensus was reached that obesity is not a reflection of diminished willpower, but rather the confluence of multiple, complex factors. As such, addressing obesity requires multifactorial prevention and treatment strategies. The accumulated evidence suggests that a continued focus primarily on individual-level contributors will be suboptimal in promoting weight management at the population level. Here, we consider individual biological and physiological processes within the broader context of sociodemographic and sociocultural exposures as well as environmental changes to optimize research priorities and public health efforts. This requires a consideration of a systems-level approach that efficiently addresses both systemic and group-specific environmental determinants, including psychosocial factors, that often serve as a barrier to otherwise efficacious prevention and treatment options.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)’.
Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of isolated genital tuberculosis and drug resistant urogenital tuberculosis- case series
Authors: Bala Kiran , Xess Ashit , Das Rojaleen , Singla Neeta , Seth Amlesh , Singh Urvashi B 
Published: July 2023

Genito-urinary tuberculosis (GUTB) has varied presentation such as recurrent urinary tract infection, sterile pyuria with/without hematuria, irritating voiding symptoms, infertility, hydronephrosis and renal failure. Genital tuberculosis usually associated with renal TB. Very few case reports of isolated tuberculous epididymo-orchitis have been published in literature. Epididymal TB may be the only clinically evident location of infection in rare cases of GUTB. Epididymal TB presents with non-specific local insidious and progressive symptoms which are difficult to differentiate with cysts, tumours and other infections. Suspicion of tubercular etiology becomes stronger with bilateral epididymal involvement along with testicular lesion and resistant to multiple courses of antibiotics. Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis has significant impact on fertility, as sperm count and motility may be reduced by blockage of the vas and/or secondary atrophy. Timely diagnosis and treatment will prevent late sequel of disease such as non-functioning kidney and thimble bladder and infertility. We are presenting three cases of GUTB, two cases (Case 1 & 3) were isolated case of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis in a 20 year old male and a 35 year old male and one case (case 2) of complicated drug resistant genitourinary tuberculosis in a 29 year old male. These rare cases were managed successfully with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Impact of Genetic Background as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Protocol for a Nationwide Genetic Case-Control (CV-GENES) study in Brazil
Authors: Mattos Antônio José Cordeiro , de Menezes Neves Precil Diego Miranda , de Figueiredo Oliveira Gustavo Bernardes , Moreira Frederico Rafael , Pintão Maria Carolina , Rocha Viviane Zorzanelli , de Souza Rocha Cristiane , Katz Viviane Nakano , Ferreira Elisa Napolitano , Rojas-Málaga Diana , Viana Celso Ferraz , da Silva Fabiula Fagundes , Vidotti Juliete Jorge , Felicio Natalia Mariana , de Araujo Vitor Leticia , Cesar Karina Gimenez , da Silva Camila Araújo , de Oliveira Alves Lucas Bassolli , de Oliveira Junior Haliton Alves , Avezum Álvaro 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAtherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide, and individual screening should be based on behavioral, metabolic, and genetic profile derived from data collected in large population-based studies. Due to a polygenic nature of ASCVD, we aimed to assess the association of genomics to ASCVD risk and its impact on the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or peripheral artery thrombotic-ischemic events on a population level. CV-GENES is a multicenter, Brazilian nationwide, 1:1 case-control study of 3,734 patients. Inclusion criteria for cases are the first occurrence of one of the cardiovascular events. Individuals without known ASCVD, and age- and sex-matched will be eligible for the control group. A genetics core lab analysis will be performed through the association of low-pass whole genome sequencing and whole exome sequencing. A polygenic risk score will be built in a multiethnic population to estimate the association between genetic polymorphisms and risk of ASCVD. In addition, the presence of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants will be screened in 8 genes (ABCG5,ABCG8,APOB,APOE, LDLR,LDLRAP1,LIPA, PCSK9) associated with atherosclerosis. Multiple logistic regression will be applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and population attributable risks will be calculated. This study is registered inclinicaltrials.gov(NCT05515653.)
Spatiotemporal precise optical manipulation of intracellular molecular activities
Authors: Dong Bin , Mahapatra Shivam , Clark Matthew G. , Carlsen Mark , Mohn Karsten J. , Ma Seohee , Brasseale Kent , Crim Grace , Zhang Chi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractControlling chemical processes in live cells is a challenging task. The spatial heterogeneity of biochemical reactions in cells is often overlooked by conventional means of incubating cells with desired chemicals. A comprehensive understanding of spatially diverse biochemical processes requires precise control over molecular activities at the subcellular level. Herein, we develop a closed-loop optoelectronic control system that allows the manipulation of biomolecular activities in live cells at high spatiotemporal precision. Chemical-selective fluorescence signals are utilized to command lasers that trigger specific chemical reactions or control the activation of photoswitchable inhibitors at desired targets. We demonstrate the capability to selectively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) solely at targeted organelles using blue light. Notably, the induction of ROS in the endoplasmic reticulum leads to a more pronounced disruption of tubulin polymerization and a reduction in green fluorescent protein signals, in comparison to that in lipid droplets. Moreover, when combined with a photoswitchable inhibitor, we selectively inhibit tubulin polymerization within subcellular compartments. This technology enables spatiotemporal control over chemical processes and drug activities, exclusively at desired targets, while minimizing undesired effects on non-targeted locations.
Association study of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Paynton Megan L. , Allen Richard J. , Chin Daniel P.W. , Donoghue Lauren J. , Stockwell Amy , Leavy Olivia C. , Hernandez-Beeftink Tamara , Reynolds Carl , Cullinan Paul , Martinez Fernando ,   CleanUP-IPF Investigators of the Pulmonary Trials Cooperative, Booth Helen L. , Fahy William A. , Hall Ian P. , Hart Simon P. , Hill Mike R. , Hirani Nik , Hubbard Richard B. , McAnulty Robin J. , Millar Ann B. , Navaratnam Vidya , Oballa Eunice , Parfrey Helen , Saini Gauri , Sayers Ian , Tobin Martin D. , Whyte Moira K. B. , Adegunsoye Ayodeji , Kaminski Naftali , Ma Shwu-Fan , Strek Mary E. , Zhang Yingze , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Molina-Molina Maria , Neighbors Margaret , Sheng X. Rebecca , Oldham Justin M. , Maher Toby M. , Molyneaux Philip L. , Flores Carlos , Noth Imre , Schwartz David A. , Yaspan Brian L. , Jenkins R. Gisli , Wain Louise V. , Hollox Edward J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial pneumonia marked by progressive lung fibrosis and a poor prognosis. Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of infection in the pathogenesis of IPF and a prior association of theHLA-DQB1gene with idiopathic fibrotic interstitial pneumonia (including IPF) has been reported. Due to the important role that the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region plays in the immune response, here we evaluated if HLA genetic variation was associated specifically with IPF risk.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of associations of the HLA region with IPF risk in individuals of European ancestry from seven independent case-control studies of IPF (comprising a total of 5,159 cases and 27,459 controls, including the prior study of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia). Single nucleotide polymorphisms, classical HLA alleles and amino acids were analysed and signals meeting a region-wide association thresholdp<4.5×10−4and a posterior probability of replication >90% were considered significant. We sought to replicate the previously reportedHLA-DQB1association in the subset of studies independent of the original report.ResultsThe meta-analysis of all seven studies identified four significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IPF risk. However, none met the posterior probability for replication criterion. TheHLA-DQB1association was not replicated in the independent IPF studies.ConclusionVariation in the HLA region was not consistently associated with risk in studies of IPF. However, this does not preclude the possibility that other genomic regions linked to the immune response may be involved in the aetiology of IPF.
Blood epigenome-wide association studies of suicide attempt in adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Mirza Salahudeen , de Carvalho Lima Camila N. , Del Favero-Campbell Alexandra , Rubinstein Alexandre , Topolski Natasha , Cabrera-Mendoza Brenda , Kovács Emese H.C. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Richards Jenny Gringer , Williams Aislinn J. , Wemmie John A. , Magnotta Vincent A. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Gaine Marie E. , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Quevedo Joao , Soares Jair C. , Fries Gabriel R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuicide attempt (SA) risk is elevated in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), and DNA methylation patterns may serve as possible biomarkers of SA. We conducted epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of blood DNA methylation associated with BD and SA. DNA methylation was measured at > 700,000 positions in a discovery cohort of n = 84 adults with BD with a history of SA (BD/SA), n = 79 adults with BD without history of SA (BD/non-SA), and n = 76 non-psychiatric controls (CON). EWAS revealed six differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and seven differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between BD/SA and BD/non-SA, with multiple immune-related genes implicated. There were no epigenome-wide significant differences when BD/SA and BD/non-SA were each compared to CON, and patterns suggested that epigenetics differentiating BD/SA from BD/non-SA do not differentiate BD/non-SA from CON. Weighted gene co-methylation network analysis and trait enrichment analysis of the BD/SA vs. BD/non-SA contrast further corroborated immune system involvement, while gene ontology analysis implicated calcium signalling. In an independent replication cohort of n = 48 BD/SA and n = 47 BD/non-SA, fold-changes at the discovery cohort’s significant sites showed moderate correlation across cohorts and agreement on direction. In both cohorts, classification accuracy for SA history among individuals with BD was highest when methylation at the significant CpG sites as well as information from clinical interviews were combined, with an AUC of 88.8% (CI = 83.8-93.8%) and 82.1% (CI = 73.6-90.5%) for the combined epigenetic-clinical predictor in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively. Our results provide novel insight to the role of immune system functioning in SA and BD and also suggest that integrating information from multiple levels of analysis holds promise to improve risk assessment for SA in adults with BD.
Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mode of Ventilation During Critical IllnEss (MODE) trial
Authors: Seitz Kevin P. , Lloyd Bradley D. , Wang Li , Shotwell Matthew S. , Qian Edward T. , Richardson Roger K. , Rooks Jeffery C. , Hennings-Williams Vanessa , Sandoval Claire E. , Richardson Whitney D. , Morgan Tracy , Thompson Amber N. , Hastings Pamela G. , Ring Terry P. , Stollings Joanna L. , Talbot Erica M. , Krasinski David J. , Decoursey Bailey , Gibbs Kevin W. , Self Wesley H. , Mixon Amanda S. , Rice Todd W. , Semler Matthew W. , Casey Jonathan D. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIntroduction:For every critically ill adult receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, clinicians must select a mode of ventilation. The mode of ventilation determines whether the ventilator directly controls the tidal volume or the inspiratory pressure. Newer hybrid modes allow clinicians to set a target tidal volume, for which the ventilator controls and adjusts the inspiratory pressure. A strategy of low tidal volumes and low plateau pressure improves outcomes, but the optimal mode to achieve these targets is not known.Methods and analysis:The Mode of Ventilation During Critical Illness (MODE) trial is a cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover pilot trial being conducted in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic center. The MODE trial compares the use of volume control, pressure control, and adaptive pressure control. The study ICU is assigned to a single ventilator mode (volume control versus pressure control versus adaptive pressure control) for continuous mandatory ventilation during each 1-month study block. The assigned mode switches every month in a randomly generated sequence. The primary outcome is ventilator-free days (VFDs) to study day 28, defined as the number of days alive and free of invasive mechanical ventilation from the final receipt of mechanical ventilation to 28 days after enrollment. Enrollment began November 1, 2022 and will end on July 31, 2023.Ethics and dissemination:The trial was approved by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center institutional review board (IRB# 220446). Results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration number:The trial was registered withclinicaltrials.govon October 3, 2022, prior to initiation of patient enrollment on November 1, 2022 (ClinicalTrials.govidentifier:NCT05563779)
Uncertainty in serious illness: A national interdisciplinary consensus exercise to identify clinical research priorities
Authors: Etkind Simon N , Barclay Stephen , Spathis Anna , Hopkins Sarah A , Bowers Ben , Koffman Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerious illness is characterised by uncertainty, particularly in older age groups. Uncertainty may be experienced by patients, family carers, and health professionals about a broad variety of issues. There are many evidence gaps regarding the experience and management of uncertainty.AimWe aimed to identify priority research areas concerning uncertainty in serious illness, to ensure that future research better meets the needs of those affected by uncertainty and reduce research inefficiencies.MethodsRapid prioritisation workshop comprising five focus groups to identify research areas, followed by a ranking exercise to prioritise them. Participants were healthcare professionals caring for those with serious illnesses including geriatrics, palliative care, intensive care; researchers; patient/carer representatives, and policymakers. Descriptive analysis of ranking data and qualitative framework analysis of focus group transcripts was undertaken.ResultsThirty-four participants took part; 67% female, mean age 47 (range 33 – 67). The highest priority was communication of uncertainty, ranked first by 15 participants (overall ranking score 1.59/3). Subsequent priorities were: 2) How to cope with uncertainty; 3) healthcare professional education/training; 4) Optimising clinical approaches to uncertainty; and 5) exploring in-depth experiences of uncertainty. Research related to optimally managing uncertainty was given higher priority than research focusing on experiences of uncertainty and its impact.ConclusionsThese co-produced, clinically-focused research priorities map out key evidence gaps concerning uncertainty in serious illness. Managing uncertainty is the most pressing issue, and researchers should prioritise how to optimally manage uncertainty in order to reduce distress, unlock decision paralysis and improve illness and care experience.Key pointsUncertainty is ubiquitous and distressing in serious illness, and can paralyse decision makingIn this consensus exercise, stakeholders identified research priorities for uncertainty in serious illnessCommunication of uncertainty was the highest priorityParticipants prioritised research concerning managing uncertainty above research to understand experiences of uncertainty
Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE)
Authors: Allen Danielle M. , Reyne Marina I. , Allingham Pearce , Levickas Ashley , Bell Stephen H. , Lock Jonathan , Coey Jonathon D. , Carson Stephen , Lee Andrew J. , McSparron Cormac , Nejad Behnam Firoozi , McKenna James , Shannon Mark , Li Kathy , Curran Tanya , Broadbent Lindsay J. , Downey Damian G. , Power Ultan F. , Groves Helen E. , McKinley Jennifer M. , McGrath John W. , Bamford Connor G. G. , Gilpin Deirdre F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical RSV surveillance and the lack of predictable RSV seasonal dynamics and limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has the capacity to determine levels of health-associated biomarkers and has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. However, the application of genomic WBE for the surveillance of other respiratory viruses is limited.In this study, we present an integrated genomic WBE approach, using RT-qPCR and partial sequencing of the G gene to monitor RSV levels and variants in the community across 2 years encompassing two periods of high RSV clinical positivity in Northern Ireland.We report increasing detection of RSV in wastewater concomitant with increasing numbers of RSV positive clinical cases. Furthermore, analysis of wastewater-derived RSV sequences permitted subtyping, genotyping, and identification of distinct circulating lineages within and between seasons.Altogether, our genomic WBE platform has the potential to complement ongoing global surveillance efforts and aid the management of RSV by informing the timely deployment of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.