bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tadpole plasticity shapes the potential benefits of egg feeding to poison frog parents
Authors: Brooks Olivia L. , Talbott‐Swain Evan N. , Rimmele Brianne N. , Dugas Matthew B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFeeding offspring is a form of care common in animals. How food shapes offspring fitness, and thus selection on parents, is limited by plasticity in offspring growth and development, and such limitation may shape the evolution of parental care. We compared plastic responses to egg feeding, food availability in the nursery, and nursery size in larvae of two poison frogs:Ranitomeya imitator, regularly fed trophic eggs by their mothers in the wild, andR. variabilistadpoles, which only rarely have the opportunity to consume eggs. Hand‐rearedR. imitator, but notR. variabilis, were heavier at metamorphosis when offered eggs. AlthoughR. imitatorate more of the eggs we offered, perhaps explaining this proximately, the greater plasticity ofR. imitatorpersisted when we manipulated the quantity of an egg‐free diet meant to approximate food in a natural nursery. Egg feeding did not influence the length of the larval period, and only tadpoleR. variabilistook longer to complete metamorphosis in more food‐rich nurseries, as is predicted for amphibians generally. In large nurseries, individuals of both species spent longer as tadpoles and were heavier at metamorphosis, an effect independent of food, and one that reflects the complex relationship between ecology and amphibian development. These species differences highlight how tadpole traits might constrain the evolution of egg feeding:R. imitatorfeed eggs to their tadpoles, and their tadpoles, unlikeR. variabilis(a presumptive proxy for the non‐feeding ancestor), offer high returns on such investment. Comparative work will offer the exciting opportunity to assess the extent to which egg feeding selected for this growth response to food availability and/or this plasticity facilitated the evolution of care.
Asserting children's rights through the digital practices of transnational families
Authors: Ducu Viorela , Hărăguș Mihaela , Angi Daniela , Telegdi‐Csetri Áron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates how transnational families function as advocates, channels, and iterators of children's rights in the context of digital communication.BackgroundTransnational parents are involved in practices of doing family through digital copresence, in doing rights toward society and coagency among family members, creating a rights context.MethodData were collected in Moldova and Ukraine through 102 semistructured interviews and 10 focus group discussions with adults and children in transnational families and caregivers, and 24 interviews with experts from local and national authorities as well as NGOs.ResultsTransnational parents represent their children by engaging in digital communication practices with institutions and maintain family togetherness through involvement and support of children within transnational family relationships. Communication with institutions is burdened by distrust of and constraints regarding information and communication technologies (ICT) access, the limited availability of adults as interlocutors for daily communication, and deliberate nontransparency of communication at both ends.ConclusionDigital communication offers families the capability to represent children's rights externally, and to create internal family togetherness as a potentially new register of presence, articulated by the limits and specificity of the mode of communication employed.ImplicationsInclusive digital communication capacities of transnational family members necessary for the practice of family togetherness, exercise of parental responsibilities, and support for children's participation should be enhanced on both ends as well as within and without the family.
Multiple enzymatic approaches to hydrolysis of fungal β‐glucans by the soil bacterium Chitinophaga pinensis
Authors: Lu Zijia , Rämgård Carl , Ergenlioğlu İrem , Sandin Lova , Hammar Hugo , Andersson Helena , King Katharine , Inman Annie R. , Hao Mengshu , Bulone Vincent , McKee Lauren S. 
Published: January 2023

The genome of the soil Bacteroidota Chitinophaga pinensis encodes a large number of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) with noteworthy features and potentially novel functions. Several are predicted to be active on polysaccharide components of fungal and oomycete cell walls, such as chitin, β‐1,3‐glucan and β‐1,6‐glucan. While several fungal β‐1,6‐glucanase enzymes are known, relatively few bacterial examples have been characterised to date. We have previously demonstrated that C. pinensis shows strong growth using β‐1,6‐glucan as the sole carbon source, with the efficient release of oligosaccharides from the polymer. We here characterise the capacity of the C. pinensis secretome to hydrolyse the β‐1,6‐glucan pustulan and describe three distinct enzymes encoded by its genome, all of which show different levels of β‐1,6‐glucanase activity and which are classified into different GH families. Our data show that C. pinensis has multiple tools to deconstruct pustulan, allowing the species' broad utility of this substrate, with potential implications for bacterial biocontrol of pathogens via cell wall disruption. Oligosaccharides derived from fungal β‐1,6‐glucans are valuable in biomedical research and drug synthesis, and these enzymes could be useful tools for releasing such molecules from microbial biomass, an underexploited source of complex carbohydrates.
Guilt, care, and the ideal worker: Comparing guilt among working carers and care workers
Authors: Allard Camille , Whitfield Grace J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article explores care workers and working carers' experiences of work. It focuses on how both groups of workers experience pressures to adhere to an ideal, which this article argues, is centered on an emotional reaction of guilt. Through this ideal of a guilty worker, a “care ethic” is reconfigured to become a “work ethic.” Drawing on 120 semistructured interviews with care workers, working carers, trade union officers, and care company managers, the article examines how guilt is experienced and constructed in the workplace, and how it becomes beneficial to the aims of the employing organization. The article links the construction and instrumentalization of guilt to Acker's analysis of the ideal worker and to the problematic discourse of the “heroism” of key workers during the Covid‐19 pandemic. This discourse can reinforce the image of a sacrificial ideal worker; it implies that if workers do not take a sacrificial approach as part of their work and care ethics, they should feel guilty.
Developing a sampling methodology for timely reporting of population‐based COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization surveillance in the United States, COVID‐NET 2020–2021
Authors: O'Halloran Alissa , Whitaker Michael , Patel Kadam , Allen A. Elizabeth , Copeland Kennon R. , Reed Carrie , Reynolds Sue , Taylor Christopher A. , Havers Fiona , Kim Lindsay , Wolter Kirk , Garg Shikha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID‐NET) required a sampling methodology that allowed for production of timely population‐based clinical estimates to inform the ongoing US COVID‐19 pandemic response.MethodsWe developed a flexible sampling approach that considered reporting delays, differential hospitalized case burden across surveillance sites, and changing geographic and demographic trends over time. We incorporated weighting methods to adjust for the probability of selection and non‐response, and to calibrate the sampled case distribution to the population distribution on demographics. We additionally developed procedures for variance estimation.ResultsBetween March 2020 and June 2021, 19,293 (10.4%) of all adult hospitalized cases were sampled for chart abstraction. Variance estimates for select variables of interest were within desired ranges.ConclusionsCOVID‐NET's sampling methodology allowed for reporting of robust and timely, population‐based data on the clinical epidemiology of COVID‐19‐associated hospitalizations and evolving trends over time, while attempting to reduce data collection burden on surveillance sites. Such methods may provide a general framework for other surveillance systems needing to quickly and efficiently collect and disseminate data for public health action.
The effects of knowledge mechanisms on employees' information security threat construal
Authors: Mady Ashraf , Gupta Saurabh , Warkentin Merrill 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganisations implement a variety of knowledge mechanisms such as information security education, training and awareness (SETA) programs and information security policies, to influence employees' secure behaviour. Despite increased efforts to provide information systems (IS) security knowledge to employees, data breaches and other security incidents resulting from insider behaviour continue. Recent IS security research, primarily grounded on assumptions of employees' rational assessment of numerous factors, has yielded inconsistent results. Challenging this paradigm, we model secure behaviour on security knowledge mechanisms, which focuses on the multidimensional nature of security knowledge breadth, depth and finesse to represent the full array of managerial levers. We further draw on construal level theory to conceptualise users' perceptual judgements of security messages. Two studies support our model, with the second building on the first. Study 1, an experiment with 312 participants, focused on validating the treatments. Study 2, a survey with 219 participants, validated the entire model. Results showed that our model has significantly more explanatory and predictive power than the orthodox paradigm. Our results have practical implications for optimising the organisation of knowledge mechanisms by emphasising the personal relevance of threats and defining the factors that lead to secure behaviour. We also contribute to the discourse on information security research and provide a template for integrating theories, thus opening new avenues for future research.
A glimpse into the trophic ecology of deep‐water sharks in an important crustacean fishing ground
Authors: Graça Aranha Sofia , Teodósio Alexandra , Baptista Vânia , Erzini Karim , Dias Ester 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeep‐water sharks are among the most vulnerable deep‐water taxa because of their extremely conservative life‐history strategies (i.e., late maturation, slow growth, and reproductive rates), yet little is known about their biology and ecology. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the trophic ecology of five deep‐water shark species, the birdbeak dogfish (Deania calcea), the arrowhead (D. profundorum), the smooth lanternshark (Etmopterus pusillus), the blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) and the knifetooth dogfish (Scymnodon ringens) sampled onboard a crustacean bottom‐trawler off the south‐west coast of Portugal. We combined carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes with RNA and DNA (RD) ratios to investigate the main groups of prey assimilated by these species and their nutritional condition, respectively. Stable isotopes revealed overall small interspecific variability in the contribution of different taxonomic groups to sharks' tissues, as well as in the origin of their prey. S. ringens presented higher δ15N and δ13C values than the other species, suggesting reliance on bathyal cephalopods, crustaceans and teleosts; the remaining species likely assimilated bathy‐mesopelagic prey. The RD ratios indicated that most of the individuals had an overall adequate nutritional condition and had recently eaten. This information, combined with the fact that stable isotopes indicate that sharks assimilated prey from the local or nearby food webs (including commercially important shrimps), suggests a potential overlap between this fishing area and their foraging grounds, which requires further attention.
Laboratory‐based measures of temperature preference and metabolic thermal sensitivity provide insight into the habitat utilisation of juvenile California horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) and leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata)
Authors: Skelton Zachary R. , Prinzing Tanya S. , Hastings Philip A. , Wegner Nicholas C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLaboratory‐based studies examining fish physiological and behavioural responses to temperature can provide important insight into species‐specific habitat preferences and utilisation, and are especially useful in examining vulnerable life stages that are difficult to study in the wild. This study couples shuttle box behavioural experiments with respirometry trials to determine the temperature preferences and metabolic thermal sensitivity of juvenile California horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) and leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata). As juveniles, these two species often occupy similar estuarine habitats but display contrasting behaviours and activity levels – H. francisci are relatively sedentary, whereas T. semifasciata are more active and mobile. This study shows that juvenile H. francisci and T. semifasciata have comparable thermal preferences and occupy similar temperature ranges, but H. francisci metabolism is more sensitive to acute changes in temperature as expressed through a higher Q10 (H. francisci = 2.58; T. semifasciata = 1.97; temperature range: 12–24°C). Underlying chronic temperature acclimation to both warm (21°C) and cool (15°C) representative seasonal temperatures did not appear to significantly affect these parameters. These results are discussed in the context of field studies examining known distributions, habitat and movement patterns of H. francisci and T. semifasciata to better understand the role of temperature in species‐specific behaviour. Juvenile H. francisci likely target thermally stable environments, such as estuaries that are close to their preferred temperature, whereas juvenile T. semifasciata metabolism and behaviour appear less dependent on temperature.
The association between genetic variations and morphology‐based brain networks changes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xiong Weixue , Cai Jiahui , Sun Bo , Lin Henghui , Wei Chiyu , Huang Chengcheng , Zhu Xiaohui , Tan Haizhu ,   for the Alzheimer’ Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly heritable disease. The morphological changes of cortical cortex (such as, cortical thickness and surface area) in AD always accompany by the change of the functional connectivity to other brain regions and influence the short‐ and long‐range brain network connections, causing functional deficits of AD. In this study, the first hypothesis is that genetic variations might affect morphology‐based brain networks, leading to functional deficits; the second hypothesis is that protein–protein interaction (PPI) between the candidate proteins and known interacting proteins to AD might exist and influence AD. 600 470 variants and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans from 175 AD patients and 214 healthy controls were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative‐1 database. A co‐sparse reduced‐rank regression model was fit to study the relationship between non‐synonymous mutations and morphology‐based brain networks. After that, PPIs between selected genes and BACE1, an enzyme that was known to be related to AD, are explored by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) experiments. Eight genes affecting morphology‐based brain networks were identified. The results of MD simulation showed that the PPI between TGM4 and BACE1 was the strongest among them and its interaction was verified by Co‐IP. Hence, gene variations influence morphology‐based brain networks in AD, leading to functional deficits. This finding, validated by MD simulation and Co‐IP, suggests that the effect is robust.image
Randomised controlled trial of melatonin for paediatric functional abdominal pain disorders
Authors: Dipasquale Valeria , Palermo Lisa , Barbalace Andrea , Tumminello Giampaolo , Romano Claudio 
Published: January 2023

AimMelatonin seems to have a positive impact on the brain–gut axis and many direct and indirect effects on the gastrointestinal tract. This trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of melatonin combined with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG given in the treatment of paediatric patients with functional abdominal pain disorders.MethodsForty‐two patients aged 4–18 years old who fulfilled the Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria for functional abdominal pain disorders were enrolled. Melatonin 3 or 5 mg in combination with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (group 1, n = 22) or a placebo in combination with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (control group, n = 20) were taken in the evening for a period of 4 weeks. The study duration was 12 weeks. The primary study endpoint was represented by clinical improvement at week 12 – defined as at least a 50% reduction in mean abdominal pain index (API) from baseline to week 12.ResultsThe mean API was reduced by more than 50% between T0 and T2 in the group of children treated with melatonin. However, the difference in the distributions of the variations of the scores between the two groups was not significant between T0 and T2 (P = 0.082), while it was significant between T0 and T1 (P = 0.001). Similar results were obtained by analysing the API variables ‘weekly frequency of pain’ (item 1) and ‘perceived intensity of pain’ (item 4) individually.ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate the role of the combination of melatonin and Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG in the treatment of children with functional abdominal pain disorders. Melatonin combined with Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG can be considered a therapeutic option for these conditions in children.
Recombinant irisin enhances the extracellular matrix formation, remodeling potential, and differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells cultured in 3D
Authors: Yang Yang , Geng Tianxiang , Samara Athina , Olstad Ole Kristoffer , He Jianying , Agger Anne Eriksson , Skallerud Bjørn Helge , Landin Maria A. , Heyward Catherine Anne , Pullisaar Helen , Reseland Janne Elin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIrisin is expressed in human periodontal ligament (hPDL), and its administration enhances growth, migration and matrix deposition in hPDL cells cultured in monolayers in vitro.ObjectivesTo identify whether irisin affects the gene expression patterns directing the morphology, mechanical properties, extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, osteogenic activity and angiogenic potential in hPDL cell spheroids cultured in 3D.Materials and MethodsSpheroids of primary human hPDL cells were generated in a rotational 3D culture system and treated with or without irisin. The gene expression patterns were evaluated by Affymetrix microarrays. The morphology of the spheroids was characterized using histological staining. Mechanical properties were quantified by nanoindentation. The osteogenic and angiogenic potential of spheroids were assessed through immunofluorescence staining for collagen type I, periostin fibronectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers. The secretion of multiple myokines was evaluated using Luminex immunoassays.ResultsApproximately 1000 genes were differentially expressed between control and irisin‐treated groups by Affymetrix. Several genes related to ECM organization were differentially expressed, and multiple deubiquitinating enzymes were upregulated in the irisin‐exposed samples analyzed. These represent cellular and molecular mechanisms indicative of a role for irisin in tissue remodeling. Irisin induced a rim‐like structure on the outer region of the hPDL spheroids, ECM‐related protein expression and the stiffness of the spheroids were enhanced by irisin. The expression of osteogenic and angiogenetic markers was increased by irisin.ConclusionsIrisin altered the morphology in primary hPDL cell‐derived spheroids, enhanced its ECM deposition, mechanical properties, differentiation and remodeling potential.
Novel sensory trigger for gastrocolonic response
Authors: Dorfman Lev , Wongteerasut Anundorn , El‐Chammas Khalil , Sahay Rashmi , Fei Lin , Kaul Ajay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastrocolonic response (GCR) is a physiologic increase in motor activity of the colon following meal ingestion. The presence of GCR, in colonic manometry (CM) studies, is used as a marker of normal colonic motor activity. Our aim was to investigate whether GCR could be induced by sensory stimulation (visual or olfactory) prior to food ingestion, and to describe the characteristics of patients with this response.MethodsWe prospectively marked time of meal presence and initiation on CM tracings of patients with idiopathic constipation. We reviewed electronic medical records and normal CM studies. Presence of sensory GCR was defined as an increase by at least 25% of the baseline motility index (MI) after exposure to meal, prior to food ingestion. Manometry characteristics of patients with a sensory GCR response were compared to those without.Key ResultsEighty‐nine patients, (47% females, median age 9 years) met the inclusion criteria. Forty‐seven (52.8%) patients had a positive sensory GCR. This cohort had a higher proportion of postprandial GCR (93.6% vs. 76.2%, p‐value = 0.02) and lower fasting MI (2.08 mm Hg vs. 3.54 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Thirteen (14.6%) patients who had no postprandial GCR had higher baseline MI (median of 3.69 vs. 2.46 mm Hg, p < 0.05).Conclusions & InferencesVisualizing or smelling food resulted in a significant increase in baseline MI in more than 50% of patients. Our findings propose a novel, alternate pathway that can induce GCR. This central sensory pathway may have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and management of patients with colonic dysmotility.
Shortening generation times for winter cereals by vernalizing seedlings from young embryos at 10 degree Celsius
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Gao Shang , Wang Haibo , Liu Chunji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethods allowing quick generation cycles are available for various crop species but are limited to spring genotypes. However, winter types predominate in many crops including wheat and barley. Different from spring ones, winter genotypes need to be treated in low temperature for extended periods to accelerate flowering. Combined with known factors that reduce generation cycles for spring wheat and barley, the generation cycle effects of vernalizing seedlings from young embryos of winter types at 10°C of several crop species were studied. Here, we described how to obtain up to seven generations of winter barley, six generations for winter wheat or five generations for both winter oat and triticale genotypes per annum. This procedure should find wide applications in breeding and other biological studies.