bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid futures in the expanding pathology of brain aging and dementia
Authors: Thorwald Max A. , Silva Justine , Head Elizabeth , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients show progressive increases of fibrillar Aβ‐amyloid. Because current PET ligands underestimate nonfibrillar forms, we assayed soluble Aβ in AD and controls. To identify the mechanisms responsible for soluble Aβ in AD brains, we examined lipid rafts (LRs), where amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enzymatically processed. Frontal cortex was compared with cerebellum, which has minimal AD pathology. Compared with cognitively normal controls (CTL; Braak 0‐1), elevations of soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 were similar for intermediate‐ and later‐stage AD (Braak 2‐3 and 4‐6). Clinical‐grade AD showed a greater increase in soluble Aβ40 than Aβ42 relative to CTL. LR raft yield per gram AD frontal cortex was 20% below that of controls, whereas cerebellar LR did not differ by Braak score. The extensive overlap of soluble Aβ levels in controls with AD contrasts with the PET findings on fibrillar Aβ. These findings further support fibrillar Aβ as a biomarker for AD treatments and show the need for more detailed postmortem analysis of diverse soluble and insoluble Aβ aggregates in relation to PET.
Natural products and extracts from plants as natural UV filters for sunscreens: A review
Authors: Li Liyan , Chong Lan , Huang Tao , Ma Yunge , Li Yingyan , Ding Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough solar exposure is necessary for human health, phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation, which involves sunburns, skin aging and even tumorigenesis, has been widely researched. Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage. As well as inorganic and organic UV filters, some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures, such as flavonoids or polyphenols, can absorb UV to reduce sunburn, acting as a natural UV filter; they also show antioxidant or/and anti‐inflammatory activity. This could explain why, although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun‐filters, more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are available on the market. Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years, selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants, including their major constituents and main biological effects, methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance, anti‐UV radiation experimental models and anti‐UV radiation mechanisms.
A Versatile Strategy for Screening Custom‐Designed Warhead‐Armed Cyclic Peptide Inhibitors
Authors: Kang Deokhee , Kim Do‐Wook , Kim Joo‐Chan , Park Hee‐Sung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDemand for peptide‐based pharmaceuticals has been steadily increasing, but only limited success has been achieved to date. To expedite peptide‐based drug discovery, we developed a general scheme for cell‐based screening of cyclic peptide inhibitors armed with a user‐designed warhead. We combined unnatural amino acid incorporation and split intein‐mediated peptide cyclization techniques and integrated a yeast‐based colorimetric screening assay to generate a new scheme that we call the custom‐designed warhead‐armed cyclic peptide screening platform (CWCPS). This strategy successfully discovered a potent inhibitor, CY5‐6Q, that targets human histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) with a KD value of 15 nM. This approach can be a versatile and general platform for discovering cyclic peptide inhibitors.
A Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Approach to Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by Catalytic Atroposelective Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Dai Linlong , Liu Yuheng , Xu Qing , Wang Meifang , Zhu Qiaohong , Yu Peiyuan , Zhong Guofu , Zeng Xiaofei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiaryl ethers are widespread in biologically active compounds, ligands and catalysts. It is known that the diaryl ether skeleton may exhibit atropisomerism when both aryl rings are unsymmetrically substituted with bulky groups. Despite recent advances, only very few catalytic asymmetric methods have been developed to construct such axially chiral compounds. We describe herein a dynamic kinetic resolution approach to axially chiral diaryl ethers via a Brønsted acid catalyzed atroposelective transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reaction of dicarbaldehydes with anilines. The desired diaryl ethers could be obtained in moderate to good chemical yields (up to 79 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) under standard reaction conditions. Such structural motifs are interesting precursors for further transformations and may have potential applications in the synthesis of chiral ligands or catalysts.
Programming Photodegradability into Vinylic Polymers via Radical Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Do Phuong T. , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Frisch Hendrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncorporation of photolabile moieties into the polymer backbone holds promise to remotely‐control polymer degradation. However, suitable synthetic avenues are limited, especially for radical polymerizations. Here we report a strategy to program photodegradability into vinylic polymers by exploiting the wavelength selectivity of photocycloadditions for radical ring‐opening polymerization (rROP). Irradiation of coumarin terminated allylic sulfides with UVA light initiated intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition producing cyclic macromonomers. Subsequent RAFT‐mediated rROP with methyl acrylate yielded copolymers that inherited the photoreactivity of the cyclic parent monomer. Irradiation with UVB initiated efficient photocycloreversion of the coumarin dimers, causing polymer degradation within minutes under UVB light or days under sunlight exposure. Our synthetic strategy may pave the way to insert photolabile linkages into vinylic polymers, tuning degradation for specific wavelengths.
The impact of political factors on international student mobility
Authors: Fidler Setenay Dilek , Clarke Linda , Wang Rebecca Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInternational student mobility contributes to a knowledge‐based economy and forms an important component of a highly educated migration. This paper aims to identify how far political factors—including political discrimination, restrictions, freedom, UK migration policies and social cultural norms and policies—enhance or inhibit individuals' capabilities to become mobile. It offers a novel conceptualisation of mobility, drawing on structuration theory and the capability approach, to reveal the link between structure, capability and agency in the mobility process. Semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 40 PhD students, two professors from Turkey in the United Kingdom and three international education experts. A capability list established shows how mobility occurs when students' capabilities (freedoms) fail to flourish and they lose their power (capacity) to influence society due to the political environment in the home country. ‘Impo‐mobility’, derived from the word ‘imposed’, is proposed to refer to highly educated people having to become mobile as a result of impositions placed upon them by home and host‐government political practices. An appealing political environment is necessary if Turkey is not to lose highly educated individuals and the United Kingdom is to remain a global player in international higher education.
Religion as a barrier to the use of student loans for higher education: A community‐based participatory study with Somalis living in England
Authors: Avdukic Alija , Khaleel Fawad , Abdullah Ahmed , Brawe Abdulbasit H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe unwillingness of the Somali community to finance higher education has largely gone unnoticed within the academic literature and government policy documents. This study explores the role of religion and the influence of Shari'ah scholars on the use of interest‐bearing student loans within the Somali community. In the absence of any theoretical framework on this topic, we explore the multiple socioeconomic factors that may influence the attitude, perception of need, motivation and action of using student loans for higher education, by proposing the UK Somali Muslims Acceptance of Interest‐bearing Student Loan Model. This is also a community‐based participatory study that actively involved Somali community members in exploring and interpreting the results. This was achieved through regular consultations with the sampled Somali Muslim communities within the UK. Our results contribute to the broader debate on the effect of cultural, religious and social values of marginalised communities on inclusion and widening access policies for higher education. The findings reemphasise that people sharing the same location do not necessarily share the same level of opportunities for higher education because of the intersectionality of race, religion, gender and class. The results also show the complexity of the issue of exclusion and the atheoretical nature of student loans as a financial instrument for improving financial inclusion and widening access to higher education among Somali residents in England.
Tackling a lingering infirmity: On the nature and warrant of action research in education
Authors: Hogan Padraig , Malone Anthony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe BERA initiative on promoting Close‐to‐Practice (CtP) research raises new challenges for action research, particularly as uncertainties about the standing and rigour of action research were expressed in the report of the education panel for the 2015 Research Excellence Framework (REF) in the United Kingdom. The work of tackling these challenges is essential in advancing CtP research, and it discloses, in turn, new possibilities. In this paper we review some pioneering developments in action research and analyse the difficulties it has experienced in securing parity of standing with other forms of research. We argue that action research is more than, and sometimes other than, a social science. We seek to show that if action research is to be recognised by credentials that are its own, and judged by criteria that are proper to it, not only does it lose any lower standing. Rather, it becomes a major pathway, with deep roots in the critical traditions of Western practical philosophy, through which the defining purposes of education itself, as a distinctive human practice, are ascertained and affirmed, pursued and appraised.
M(other) tongue: An exploration of the impact on power dynamics for the therapist working in English as a second language
Authors: Medlicott Charlotte , Tomicsne‐Wagner Szabina , Griffo Federica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research explores the experiences of bilingual therapists whose first language is not English and who are therefore working in English as a second language, with native‐speaking English clients. Existing literature suggests that the therapeutic relationship is inherently unbalanced, with the therapist constructed as the more powerful. This is particularly true of psychodynamic therapy—the researchers' own modality—in which the therapist withholds self‐revelation. However, the power balance can shift in the client's favour, particularly if they hold knowledge about their therapist. Our research focusses on how bilingualism as an inherent self‐disclosure might result in shifting the power in the therapeutic dyad when the client is perceived as the more competent native speaker. This research aims to contribute an alternative to the prevailing view that linguistic difference is merely challenging. Qualitative semistructured interviews generated narrative transcripts from six participants, which were analysed thematically. Three themes emerged, demonstrating how the therapists experienced their difference in terms of power shifts: my difference is an inherent vulnerability; my difference is a tool; and my difference is unspoken. When experienced as a vulnerability, therapists' bilingualism results in a power struggle. Working with this vulnerability can facilitate the alliance and create a sense of equality. This brings bilingualism as a tool into focus. Almost all participants experienced a lack of recognition of this aspect of their diversity in training and supervision. Most participants acknowledged that it remained unspoken between them and their clients.
Ugi Bis‐Amide Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitor; Synthesis, Biology Assessment, and in Silico Analysis
Authors: Yousefnejad Faeze , Iraji Aida , Sabourian Reyhaneh , Moazzam Ali , Tasharoie Shima , Sara Mirfazli Seyedeh , Zomorodian Kamiar , Alireza Akhlagh Seyed , Hosseini Samensadst , Larijani Bagher , Tehrani Maliheh Barazandeh , Hajimahmoodi Mannan , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHerein, a straightforward synthetic strategy mediated by Ugi reaction was developed to synthesize novel series of compounds as tyrosinase inhibitors. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and CHNOS techniques. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of all synthesized derivatives 5a–m were determined against mushroom tyrosinase and it was found that derivative 5c possesses the best inhibition with an IC50 value of 69.53±0.042 μM compared to the rest of the synthesized derivatives. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) showed that the presence of 4‐MeO or 4‐NO2 at the R2 position plays a key role in tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The enzyme kinetics studies showed that compound 5c is an noncompetitive inhibitor. For in silico study, the allosteric site detection was first applied to find the appropriate binding site and then molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed to reveal the position and interactions of 5c as the most potent inhibitor within the tyrosinase active site. The results showed that 5c bind well with the proposed binding site and formed a stable complex with the target protein.
Post‐Coronavirus disease syndrome (post‐COVID‐19) syndrome: A case report
Authors: Thapa Rukshar , Pant Prashant , Singh Pragyat , Karki Sagun , Thapa Kriti , Aryal Saman , Shrestha Oshan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPost‐COVID syndrome, a cluster of symptoms that develops or persists even after the recovery from COVID‐19 or viral clearance, can have multi‐system manifestations. This entity should be considered in patients who recently tested positive for COVID‐19 after ruling out other possible obvious causes. Its management should involve a multidisciplinary approach.
Design and mechanical properties analysis of heterogeneous porous scaffolds based on bone slice images
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Chen Jigang , Dong Xuegang , Guan Yabin , Kang Yongxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBone tissue engineering plays an extremely important role in the clinical treatment of bone defects. Porous scaffold is one of the three essential factors of bone tissue engineering, and its structural design has attracted more and more attention . At present, most of the design methods of porous scaffolds focus on uniform porous scaffolds with periodic and regular pore structures. However, periodic and regular pore structure cannot comprehensively and accurately simulate the microstructures and mechanical properties of natural bone. To address this problem, based on bone slice images and VT (Voronoi‐Tessellation) method, this article proposed a design method of HPS (Heterogeneous Porous Scaffolds) with bionic pore structure and controllable porosity. The FDM (fused deposition modeling) printing technology was applied to fabricate HPS with different porosities, and the mechanical properties of the HPS were analyzed by experiments. The research results illustrate that the HPS constructed by the design method proposed in this article have good controllability, and their internal pore structures are highly similar to those of natural bone, which have biomimetic characteristics. The mechanical property analysis illustrate that the stiffness and compressive strength of HPS decrease with the increase of porosity, in addition, the heterogeneous pore distribution makes HPS have the characteristics of non‐concentrated and discontinuous damage distribution. This study provides a new idea for the design of porous scaffolds and a theoretical basis for the bionic design of HPS.
Carrier‐Free Immobilization of Multi‐Enzyme Complex Facilitates In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystem for Biomanufacturing
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Song Yunhong , Zhang Yi‐Heng P. Job , You Chun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA method is developed for carrier‐free immobilization of multi‐enzyme complexes with more than four enzymes by utilization of polypeptide interactions (SpyCatcher‐SpyTag and dockerin‐cohesin) and enzyme component self‐oligomerization. Two pairs of scaffoldins with different arrangements of SpyCatcher‐SpyTag and cohesins are prepared to recruit the four dockerin‐containing cascade enzymes (i. e., alpha‐glucan phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, inositol 1‐phosphate synthase, and inositol 1‐phosphatase) that can convert starch into inositol, forming multi‐enzyme complexes. These self‐assembled enzyme complexes show higher initial reaction rates than the four‐enzyme cocktail. Moreover, water‐insoluble self‐assembled multi‐enzyme complexes are observed, being the carrier‐free immobilized multi‐enzyme complex aggregates. These immobilized enzyme complexes can be recycled easily by simple centrifuging followed by resuspension for another round of reaction. Not only can these immobilized enzyme complexes be obtained by mixing the purified enzyme components, but also by the mixing of crude cell extracts. Therefore, the strategy for the carrier‐free immobilization of enzyme complex sheds light on improving the catalytic capability of in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems.
Decoupled Water Electrolysis Driven by 1 cm2 Single Perovskite Solar Cell Yielding a Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Efficiency of 14.4 %
Authors: Lv Fei , Qin Zhixiao , Wu Jiazhe , Pan Lixia , Liu Longjie , Chen Yubin , Zhao Yixin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Yubin Chen at Xi'an Jiaotong University as well as collaborators at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The image shows a decoupled water electrolysis system driven by a single perovskite solar cell (PSC) to produce separated hydrogen and oxygen. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201689.
Time‐modulated multi‐tone antenna array for wireless information and power transfer
Authors: Suneel Varma D. , Ram Gopi , Arun Kumar G. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis paper aims to design a multi‐tone radiator exploiting harmonic radiation characteristic of time‐modulated antenna array for wireless information and power transmission (WIPT) and multi‐operational WIPT receiver. The time‐modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) radiating simultaneously at modulating and harmonic frequencies separated in multiple switching periods is utilized as a multi‐tone radiating system. TMLAA with suitable power in harmonic bands generates multi‐tone radiation by employing an optimized switching sequence. The ON and OFF time instants of the TMLAA are optimized to suppress sidelobe level and enhance sideband level. A population‐based optimization algorithm, teaching learning based optimization (TLBO), is employed to optimize the ON and OFF instants of the TMLAA to suppress sidelobe level and enhance sideband level. TLBO is utilized for a 16‐element TMLAA with minimizing cost function to achieve the above objectives. The 16‐element TMLAA with optimized switching radiates multi‐tone beams with a minimum of 5 dB peak power difference exploited as WIPT. The purpose of multi‐operation is accomplished by utilizing the Wilkinson power divider in the receiver system; its power dividing capability is analyzed using applied wave research (AWR). A voltage doubler type rectifier is modeled for DC generation and is tested using AWR. The DC generating capability is tested for fixed power available at various frequencies, and the fixed desired frequency with various available power levels is tested. The results show that the designed circuitry provides a maximum of 80% power conversion efficiency (PCE).
Hyperphenylalaninemias genotyping: Results of over 60 years of history in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Rovelli Valentina , Cefalo Graziella , Ercoli Vittoria , Zuvadelli Juri , Olivia Turri , Graziani Daniela , Luisella Alberti , Bassi Davide , Re Dionigi Alice , Selmi Raed , Paci Sabrina , Salvatici Elisabetta , Banderali Giuseppe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperphenylalaninemias (HPA) are due to several gene mutations, of which the PAH gene is the most frequently involved. Prevalence and incidence of disease vary between populations, with genotype/phenotype correlations not always capable to correctly predict disease severity. The aim of this study was to give an overview of PAH mutations among one of the largest cohort of patients among Europe, born in Lombardy (Italy) starting from late 1970 s and including over a 60 years of activity; furthermore, to evaluate and discuss identified genotype/phenotype correlations and related reliability.Patients/MethodsEight hundred and twenty‐six HPA patients in current follow‐up at the San Paolo Hospital in Milan (Italy) were retrospectively reviewed, including molecular results and allelic phenotype and genotype values (attributed on the basis of the APV/GPV system) to verify genotype–phenotype correlations.ResultsA total of 166 different PAH variants were reviewed; of those, seven variants were identified as not previously described in literature. Most frequently reported variant was p.Ala403Val, followed by p.Arg261Gln, p.Val245Ala, IVS10‐11 g>a, p.Tyr414Cys and p.Leu48Ser. Phenotype prediction, based on APV/GPV, matched the actual phenotype in most cases, but not always.Conclusion/DiscussionThe cohort of patients included in this study constitute a representative sample of the HPA population worldwide. Studies on this sample may allow to improve clinical and genetic evaluation performances for affected patients, consequently to develop personalized medicine interventions and provide more precise indications on the correct treatment approach based on the accumulated evidence, also in light of a prognostically reliable but not always conclusive APV/GPV system.
Electronic Configuration Regulation by N‐Doped MXenes Boosting Electrocatalytic Performance of Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Authors: Zhang Wenlin , He Tingting , Liu Shimeng , Zhang Lu‐Hua , Yu Fengshou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe precise control of electronic configurations of catalytic sites via molecular engineering is significantly desirable for boosting electrocatalytic activity. We reported a new‐type composite electrocatalyst with cobalt phthalocyanine supported on N‐doped MXene nanosheets (N‐MXene/CoPc) through a self‐assembly process. Beneficial from the joint action of N sites participation and axial coordination, N‐MXene/CoPc exhibits a high ORR activity with positive onset potential (Eonset=0.98 V vs. RHE) and half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.863 V), which is superior over the pristine CoPc (E1/2=0.72 V) and the composite with undoped MXene as support (MXene/CoPc, E1/2=0.771 V). Additionally, N‐MXene/CoPc exhibits an excellent durability with only 8.5 % attenuation after 25000 s of continuous i‐t test, while a more obvious decay 18.6 % for 20 wt.% Pt/C. This work not merely reported a robust ORR catalyst, but more provides a reasonable design strategy for nonnoble‐metal catalysts through catalyst‐support interactions.