bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lift alleviation in travelling vortical gusts
Authors: Qian Y. , Wang Z. , Gursul I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLift alleviation by a mini-spoiler on aerofoils, unswept and swept wings encountering an isolated counter-clockwise vortical gust was investigated by means of force and velocity measurements. The flow separation region behind the spoiler remains little affected during the gust encounter. The maximum lift reduction is found for the static stall angle of attack. The change in the maximum lift during the gust encounter is approximately equal to that in steady freestream. The comparison with plunging aerofoils reveals that, for the same maximum gust and plunge velocity, the effectiveness of the mini-spoiler is much better in travelling gusts. This reveals the importance of the streamwise length scale of the incident gust. For the unswept wing, there is some three-dimensionality of the flow separation induced by the mini-spoiler near the wing tip. The magnitude of the lift reduction can be estimated using the aerofoil data and by making an aspect ratio correction for the reduced effective angle of attack. For the swept wing, the mini-spoiler can disrupt the formation of a leading-edge vortex induced by the incident vortex on the clean wing and can still reduce the maximum lift.
Describing current use, barriers, and facilitators of patient portal messaging for research recruitment: Perspectives from study teams and patients at one institution
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Lindo Sierra , Fish Laura J. , Roberts Jamie , Stover John , Schwark Earl H. , Eberlein Nicholas , Mack Dalia , Falkovic Margaret , Makarushka Christina , Chatterjee Ranee 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The electronic health record (EHR) and patient portal are used increasingly for clinical research, including patient portal recruitment messaging (PPRM). Use of PPRM has grown rapidly; however, best practices are still developing. In this study, we examined the use of PPRM at our institution and conducted qualitative interviews among study teams and patients to understand experiences and preferences for PPRM.

Methods:
We identified study teams that sent PPRMs and patients that received PPRMs in a 60-day period. We characterized these studies and patients, in addition to the patients’ interactions with the PPRMs (e.g., viewed, responded). From these groups, we recruited study team members and patients for semi-structured interviews. A pragmatic qualitative inquiry framework was used by interviewers. Interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis exploratory approach.

Results:
Across ten studies, 35,037 PPRMs were sent, 33% were viewed, and 17% were responded to. Interaction rates varied across demographic groups. Six study team members completed interviews and described PPRM as an efficient and helpful recruitment method. Twenty-eight patients completed interviews. They were supportive of receiving PPRMs, particularly when the PPRM was relevant to their health. Patients indicated that providing more information in the PPRM would be helpful, in addition to options to set personalized preferences.

Conclusions:
PPRM is an efficient recruitment method for study teams and is acceptable to patients. Engagement with PPRMs varies across demographic groups, which should be considered during recruitment planning. Additional research is needed to evaluate and implement recommended changes by study teams and patients.
Dumbfounded by the Facts? Understanding the Moral Psychology of Sexual Relationships
Authors: Kronqvist Camilla , Elgabsi Natan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOne of the standard examples in contemporary moral psychology originates in the works of social psychologist Jonathan Haidt. He treats people's responses to the story of Julie and Mark, two siblings who decide to have casual, consensual, protected sex, as facts of human morality, providing evidence for his social intuitionist approach to moral judgements. We argue that Haidt's description of the facts of the story and the reactions of the respondents as ‘morally dumbfounded’ presupposes a view about moral reasoning that is more substantial than he acknowledges. Drawing on the philosophical work by Iris Murdoch and Cora Diamond, we explore how different descriptions of human morality, sexuality, and family relations engage us in evaluations about distinctive features of human life and language that go deeper than Haidt envisages. Thus, we show the need to attend to the concepts used to describe the facts of human moral psychology and the pictures of morality these concepts reveal about the researcher's own understanding of moral experience. This points to the particular responsibility any researcher into human moral psychology has for ensuring that the descriptions they offer are attuned to the complexities of the lives of those they form theories about and that these do not appear conceptually confounding.
The Perils of Rejecting the Parity Argument
Authors: Zhou Yili , Borchert Rhys 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany moral error theorists reject moral realism on the grounds that moral realism implies the existence of categorical normativity, yet categorical normativity does not exist. Call this the Metaphysical Argument. In response, some moral realists have emphasized a parity between moral normativity and epistemic normativity. They argue that if one kind of normativity is rejected, then both must be rejected. Therefore, one cannot be a moral error theorist without also being an epistemic error theorist. Call this the Parity Argument. In this paper, we address three possible responses to the Parity Argument from moral error theorists: (1) accept the parity but still reject epistemic error theory, (2) reject the parity, (3) accept the parity and defend epistemic error theory. We argue that there are problems with each of these responses, so the Parity Argument stands as a strong counterargument to the Metaphysical Argument. We conclude by drawing some lessons for any future challenges to the Parity Argument.
How cultural framing can bias our beliefs about robots and artificial intelligence
Authors: Stibel Jeff M. , Barrett H. Clark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Clark and Fischer argue that humans treat social artifacts as depictions. In contrast, theories of distributed cognition suggest that there is no clear line separating artifacts from agents, and artifacts can possess agency. The difference is likely a result of cultural framing. As technology and artificial intelligence grow more sophisticated, the distinction between depiction and agency will blur.
Abandoning inauthentic intersectionality
Authors: Tripp Alayo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the time since the term “intersectionality” was first introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw, the term has gained a measure of widespread, even viral popularity. Increasingly, psycholinguists are citing this concept to promote work which more fully engages with the consequences of human diversity for language processing. This piece discusses the ways in which “intersectionality” has thus far been engaged by the field of psycholinguistics. I argue that the common usage of the term “intersectionality” is notably out of step with the tradition of Black feminist scholarship from which it derives. Originally defined as an analytical framework for examining the effect of interlocking oppressions in erasing the distinctive experiences of multiply marginalized people, intersectionality should not be invoked without any serious and specific discussion of oppressive systems or erasure. To achieve a more just and equitable applied psycholinguistics and authentically promote intersectional approaches to understanding language behavior, intersectionality must be taken as a framework primarily engaging with effects of structural violence. The article concludes with some guidelines for readers to assist in distinguishing “intersectional” claims which perform erasure from those which reflect the original and intended anti-misogynoir applications of the theory.
River Delta Morphotypes Emerge From Multiscale Characterization of Shorelines
Authors: Vulis L. , Tejedor A. , Ma H. , Nienhuis J. H. , Broaddus C. M. , Brown J. , Edmonds D. A. , Rowland J. C. , Foufoula‐Georgiou E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDelta shoreline structure has long been hypothesized to encode information on the relative influence of fluvial, wave, and tidal processes on delta formation and evolution. We introduce here a novel multiscale characterization of shorelines by defining three process‐informed morphological metrics. We show that this characterization yields self‐emerging classes of morphologically similar deltas, that is, delta morphotypes, and also predicts the dominant forcing of each morphotype. Then we show that the dominant forcings inferred from shoreline structure generally align with those estimated via relative sediment fluxes, while positing that misalignments arise from spatiotemporal heterogeneity in deltaic sediment fluxes not captured in their estimates. The proposed framework for shoreline characterization advances our quantitative understanding of how shoreline features reflect delta forcings, and may aid in deciphering paleoclimate from images of ancient deposits and projecting delta morphologic response to changes in sediment fluxes.
Crustal Anatexis and Initiation of the Continental‐Scale Chongshan Strike‐Slip Shear Zone on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Cao Shuyun , Dong Yanlong , Zhan Lefan , Tao Lirong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContinental‐scale strike‐slip shear zones often record significant tectono‐magmatism and dynamic deformation processes of the crustal lithosphere. However, the genetic relationships and timing among the anatexis, deformation, and initial shearing along a strike‐slip shear zone have not been well defined. Here, we carried out detailed field, microstructural, zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemical and EBSD texture analyses of leucogranites and migmatites in the Chongshan shear zone (CS‐SZ). The results indicate that most migmatites and leucogranites exhibit strong shear deformation and well‐developed high‐temperature mylonitic microstructures. The quartz aggregated from foliated leucogranites developed dominant high‐temperature prism <c> and prism <a> slip systems. The pre‐ and syn‐kinematic crustal anatexis and localized weak zone mainly occurred from 35 to 29 Ma along the CS‐SZ, which is closely related to the post‐collisional extension and collapse of overthickened crust. Biotite dehydration melting formed pre‐ and syn‐kinematic melts and leucogranites that further experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase and K‐feldspar during melting and subsequent melt migration and emplacement upward along the tectonic weak zone. The thinning and weakening of lithospheric crust further facilitated the initial and formation strike‐slip displacement along the CS‐SZ, which occurred from 29 to 20 Ma or much later to 18 Ma. Finally, we propose that crustal anatexis and upward migrating melts play a key role in controlling the thermal state and rheological strength of the crust, resulting in nucleation and initiation of the localized deep‐seated shear zone that accommodates significant displacement for the India–Asia continental forward collision and intracontinental deformation.
CircRNA DICAR as a novel endogenous regulator for diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yuan Qiong , Sun Yunwei , Yang Fan , Yan Dan , Shen Meihua , Jin Zhigang , Zhan Lin , Liu Guangqi , Yang Ling , Zhou Qianyi , Yu Zhijun , Zhou Xiangyu , Yu Yang , Xu Yong , Wu Qingming , Luo Jianfang , Hu Xiamin , Zhang Chunxiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, we identified that a conserved circular RNA (circRNA) DICAR, which was downregulated in diabetic mouse hearts. DICAR had an inhibitory effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as the spontaneous cardiac dysfunction, cardiac cell hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis occurred in DICAR deficiency (DICAR+/−) mice, whereas the DCM was alleviated in DICAR-overexpressed DICARTg mice. At the cellular level, we found that overexpression of DICAR inhibited, but knockdown of DICAR enhanced the diabetic cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. At the molecular level, we identified that DICAR-VCP-Med12 degradation could be the underlying molecular mechanism in DICAR-mediated effects. The synthesized DICAR junction part (DICAR-JP) exhibited a similar effect to the entire DICAR. In addition, the expression of DICAR in circulating blood cells and plasma from diabetic patients was lower than that from health controls, which was consistent with the decreased DICAR expression in diabetic hearts. DICAR and the synthesized DICAR-JP may be drug candidates for DCM.
tRF-Gln-CTG-026 ameliorates liver injury by alleviating global protein synthesis
Authors: Ying Sunyang , Li Pengcheng , Wang Jiaqiang , Chen Kaiqiong , Zou Yu , Dai Moyu , Xu Kai , Feng Guihai , Zhang Changjian , Jiang Haiping , Li Wei , Zhang Ying , Zhou Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstracttsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs), as products of the stress response, exert considerable influence on stress response and injury regulation. However, it remains largely unclear whether tsRNAs can ameliorate liver injury. Here, we demonstrate the roles of tsRNAs in alleviating liver injury by utilizing the loss of NSun2 (NOP2/Sun domain family, member 2) as a tsRNAs-generating model. Mechanistically, the loss of NSun2 reduces methyluridine-U5 (m5U) and cytosine-C5 (m5C) of tRNAs, followed by the production of various tsRNAs, especially Class I tsRNAs (tRF-1s). Through further screening, we show that tRF-Gln-CTG-026 (tG026), the optimal tRF-1, ameliorates liver injury by repressing global protein synthesis through the weakened association between TSR1 (pre-rRNA-processing protein TSR1 homolog) and pre-40S ribosome. This study indicates the potential of tsRNA-reduced global protein synthesis in liver injury and repair, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for liver injury.
Statistical inference with joint progressive censoring for two populations using power Rayleigh lifetime distribution
Authors: Tolba Ahlam H. , Abushal Tahani A. , Ramadan Dina A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, point and interval estimations for the power Rayleigh distribution are derived using the joint progressive type-II censoring technique. The maximum likelihood and Bayes methods are used to estimate the two distributional parameters. The estimators’ approximate credible intervals and confidence intervals have also been determined. The Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to provide the findings of Bayes estimators for squared error loss and linear exponential loss functions. The Metropolis–Hasting technique uses Gibbs to generate MCMC samples from the posterior density functions. A real data set is used to show off the suggested approaches. Finally, in order to compare the results of various approaches, a simulation study is performed.
Prognostic impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Huang Qiongling , Huang Yanjun , Chen Chunhui , Zhang Yizheng , Zhou Jiao , Xie Chengke , Lu Ming , Xiong Yu , Fang Dage , Yang Yubin , Hu Weipeng , Zheng Feng , Zheng Chaohui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasions in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who received surgery-based treatment at our institution between January 2013 and December 2020. Patients were divided into four groups based on the presence of perineural (P−/P +) and lymphovascular invasions (V−/V +): P–V−, P–V + , P + V−, and P + V + . Log-rank and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between perineural /lymphovascular invasion and overall survival (OS). Altogether, 127 patients were included, and 95 (74.8%), 8 (6.3%), 18 (14.2%), and 6 (4.7%) cases were classified as P–V−, P–V + , P + V−, and P + V + , respectively. Pathologic N stage (pN stage), tumor stage, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and postoperative radiotherapy were significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). OS was significantly different among the four groups (p < 0.05). Significant between-group differences in OS were detected for node-positive (p < 0.05) and stage III–IV (p < 0.05) cases. OS was the worst in the P + V + group. Lymphovascular and perineural invasions are independent negative prognostic factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Patients with lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion may have significantly poorer overall survival than those without neurovascular involvement.
Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations
Authors: Grdseloff Nastasja , Boulday Gwenola , Rödel Claudia J. , Otten Cécile , Vannier Daphné Raphaelle , Cardoso Cécile , Faurobert Eva , Dogra Deepika , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes.
Prediction method of surface settlement of rectangular pipe jacking tunnel based on improved PSO-BP neural network
Authors: Hu Da , Hu Yongjia , Yi Shun , Liang Xiaoqiang , Li Yongsuo , Yang Xian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo provide theoretical support for the safety control of rectangular pipe jacking tunnels crossing an existing expressway, a method for predicting the surface settlement of a rectangular pipe jacking tunnel is proposed in this study. Therefore, based on the high approximation of the BP neural network to any function under the multiparameter input, the PSO-BP mixed prediction model of the ground subsidence of the ultrashallow buried large section rectangular pipe jacking tunnel is established by taking into account the adaptive mutation method, adopting the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with adaptive inertia weight and mutation particles in the later stage to determine the optimal hyperparameters of the prediction model. Through the case study of an ultrashallow large cross-section rectangular pipe jacking tunnel, this algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm and combined with field monitoring data for analysis and prediction. The prediction results show that compared with the traditional BP neural network prediction model, AWPSO-BP model and PWPSO-BP model, the improved PSO-BP mixed prediction model shows a more stable prediction effect when the change in surface subsidence is gentle and the concavity and convexity are large. The predicted subsidence value is close to the actual value, and the accuracy and robustness of the prediction are significantly improved.
Regionally high risk increase for precipitation extreme events under global warming
Authors: Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Neelin J. David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDaily precipitation extremes are projected to intensify with increasing moisture under global warming following the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) relationship at about $$ 7\% /^\circ {\text{C}} $$

7
%

/
∘

C

. However, this increase is not spatially homogeneous. Projections in individual models exhibit regions with substantially larger increases than expected from the CC scaling. Here, we leverage theory and observations of the form of the precipitation probability distribution to substantially improve intermodel agreement in the medium to high precipitation intensity regime, and to interpret projected changes in frequency in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6. Besides particular regions where models consistently display super-CC behavior, we find substantial occurrence of super-CC behavior within a given latitude band when the multi-model average does not require that the models agree point-wise on location within that band. About 13% of the globe and almost 25% of the tropics (30% for tropical land) display increases exceeding 2CC. Over 40% of tropical land points exceed 1.5CC. Risk-ratio analysis shows that even small increases above CC scaling can have disproportionately large effects in the frequency of the most extreme events. Risk due to regional enhancement of precipitation scale increase by dynamical effects must thus be included in vulnerability assessment even if locations are imprecise.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids-rich dietary lipid prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Haneishi Yuri , Furuya Yuma , Hasegawa Mayu , Takemae Hitoshi , Tanioka Yuri , Mizutani Tetsuya , Rossi Mauro , Miyamoto Junki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiet is the primary factor affecting host nutrition and metabolism, with excess food intake, especially high-calorie diets, such as high-fat and high-sugar diets, causing an increased risk of obesity and related disorders. Obesity alters the gut microbial composition and reduces microbial diversity and causes changes in specific bacterial taxa. Dietary lipids can alter the gut microbial composition in obese mice. However, the regulation of gut microbiota and host energy homeostasis by different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in dietary lipids remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that different PUFAs in dietary lipids improved host metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. The intake of the different PUFA-enriched dietary lipids improved metabolism in HFD-induced obesity by regulating glucose tolerance and inhibiting colonic inflammation. Moreover, the gut microbial compositions were different among HFD and modified PUFA-enriched HFD-fed mice. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism underlying the function of different PUFAs in dietary lipids in regulating host energy homeostasis in obese conditions. Our findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting the gut microbiota.