bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antibiotic resistome inEscherichia coliisolated from human, food, and animal sources
Authors: Rodrigues Isadora de Alcântara , Ferrari Rafaela Gomes , Panzenhagen Pedro , Pereira dos Santos Anamaria Mota , Rodrigues Grazielle Lima , Junior Carlos Adam Conte , Mano Sergio Borges 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to analyze and compare the prevalence and distribution of resistance genes in Escherichia coli genomes isolated from human clinical samples and animal-based foods worldwide.Methods and resultsWe download from NCBI Pathogen Detection Database the corresponding metadata of the 7,123 E. coli genome to access the information about the antimicrobial resistance gene content. The geographic location and the source of isolation were also obtained and compiled with the antimicrobial resistance gene for statistical analysis, results and discussion. Our criteria considered four groups for analyzing the antimicrobial resistance gene distribution. The first group of genomes from invasive clinical human (ICH) samples from countries with Human Development Index (HDI) ≥ 0.850; the second group of ICH from countries with an HDI ≤ 0.849; the third group of animal-based foods (ABF) from countries with HDI ≥ 0.850 and the fourth group of ABFs from countries with HDI ≤ 0.849. The most prevalent genes in the first group were blaCTX-M-134 (96.53%) and blaCTX-M-27 (86.35%). In the second group, ere(A) (95.96%), soxS (94.49%), qepA8 (90.81%), blaCTX-M-15 (85.66%), and fosA3 (80.88%). In the third group, the most frequently detected were aadA12 (98.5%), ant(3”) (89.92%), and blaCARB-2 (87.2%). In the fourth group, aadA12 and aac(3)-IV were identified in 100% of the analyzed genomes.ConclusionsIt was clear that the use of aminoglycosides in animal production is increasing the selective pressure on micro-organisms in both groups of countries since genes linked to aminoglycoside resistance are related to E. coli from ABF samples. The genomic profile of E. coli from HDI ≥ 0.850 countries indicates a selective pressure aimed at cephalosporins given the high prevalence in both sources.
Impact of textile dyes on human health and bioremediation of textile industry effluent using microorganisms: current status and future prospects
Authors: Sudarshan Shanmugam , Harikrishnan Sekar , RathiBhuvaneswari Govindarajan , Alamelu Venkatesan , Aanand Samraj , Rajasekar Aruliah , Govarthanan Muthusamy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnvironmental contamination brought on by the discharge of wastewater from textile industries is a growing concern on a global scale. Textile industries produce a huge quantity of effluents containing a myriad of chemicals, mostly dyes. The discharge of such effluents into the aquatic environment results in pollution that adversely affects aquatic organisms. Synthetic dyes are complex aromatic chemical structures with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties in addition to high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This complex aromatic structure resists degradation by conventional techniques. The bioremediation approach is the biological clean-up of toxic contaminants from industrial effluents. Biological treatment methods produce less or no sludge and are cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly. Microorganisms, mostly microalgae and bacteria, and, in some instances, fungi, yeast, and enzymes decolorize textile dye compounds into simple, non-toxic chemical compounds. Following a thorough review of the literature, we are persuaded that microalgae and bacteria might be one of the potential decolorizing agents substituting for most other biological organisms in wastewater treatment. This article presents extensive literature information on textile dyes, their classification, the toxicity of dyes, and the bioremediation of toxic textile industry effluent utilizing microalgae and bacteria. Additionally, it combines data on factors influencing textile dye bioremediation, and a few suggestions for future research are proposed.
Engineering volatile thiol formation in yeast
Authors: Graf Felix M R , Buchhaupt Markus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsVolatile thiols are very potent aroma molecules that contribute to the aroma of many beverages. The characteristic thiols of certain wine varieties such as Sauvignon blanc are partly released during the yeast-based fermentation from plant-synthesized glutathione- or cysteine-conjugated and dipeptic precursors present in the must. In this work, we aimed at the construction and characterization of yeast strains with the ability to synthesize volatile thiols from respective precursors.Methods and ResultsBesides genome integration of the Escherichia coli gene tnaA, which encodes an enzyme with high β-lyase activity, a glutathione synthetase and glutathione-S-transferases were overexpressed. Up to 8.9 μg L−1 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol could be formed with the strain from externally added trans-2-hexen-1-ol. Well-characterized thiols such as 2-methyl-2-butanethiol, 3-mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol, and 8-mercapto-p-menthan-3-one, as well as several so far undescribed thiol compounds could be synthesized.ConclusionVolatile thiols could be produced by feeding alcohol, alkenol, aldehyde, or ketone precursors like trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, cis-2-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-buten-2-one, and pulegone to the optimized yeast cells.
Over-the-counter antibiotic dispensing: knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Jairoun Sumaya , Alkhalidi Doaa Kamal , Abdulrahman Jairoun Ammar , Anbar Hanan S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This paper aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists in regard to dispensing over-the-counter (OTC) antibiotics with the aim of bringing their professional knowledge up to date and promoting best practices to optimize the use of antibiotics and slow the rise in resistance.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of community pharmacists towards OTC Antibiotic Dispensing. Participants were issued an invitation through verified and official WhatsApp and Facebook accounts of community pharmacists residing in the United Arab Emirates to fill in a validated-web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of four sections. It aimed to gather basic demographic data, and address knowledge and practice amongst pharmacists of dispensing OTC antibiotics. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26.

Key findings
A total number of 438 participating community pharmacists in the study completed the whole questionnaire. The average knowledge score was 68.6% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [66.9%, 70.2%]. The average practice score was 71.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of [69.5%, 73.2%].

Conclusions
It is recommended that several interventions are launched to promote improved prescribing behaviour, particularly ensuring that all pharmacies receive standardized guidelines on antibiotic use and inviting pharmacists to workshops and other training programmes dedicated to promoting rational drug use. Moreover, regulatory bodies must devise, enforce and monitor the implementation of policies governing how antibiotic prescriptions and patient consultations are managed by community pharmacists.
In situextreme mass ratio inspirals via subparsec formation and migration of stars in thin, gravitationally unstable AGN discs
Authors: Derdzinski Andrea , Mayer Lucio 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigate the properties of stars born via gravitational instability in accretion discs around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and how this varies with the SMBH mass, accretion rate, or viscosity. We show with geometrically thin, steady-state disc solutions that fragmentation results in different populations of stars when one considers the initial conditions (e.g. density and temperature of the gravitationally unstable regions). We find that opacity gaps in discs around $10^6 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ SMBHs can trigger fragmentation at radii ≲ 10−2 pc, although the conditions lead to the formation of initially low stellar masses primarily at $0.1\!-\!0.5 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. Discs around more massive SMBHs ($M_{\rm BH} =10^{7-8} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) form moderately massive or supermassive stars (the majority at $10^{0-2} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$). Using linear migration estimates, we discuss three outcomes: stars migrate till they are tidally destroyed, accreted as extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), or leftover after disc dispersal. For a single-AGN activity cycle, we find a lower limit for the EMRI rate $R_{\rm emri}\sim 0\!-\!10^{-4} \, \rm yr^{-1}$ per AGN assuming a star formation efficiency $\epsilon =1\!-\!30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. In cases where EMRIs occur, this implies a volumetric rate up to $0.5\!-\!10 \, \rm yr^{-1}\, Gpc^{-3}$ in the local Universe. The rates are particularly sensitive to model parameters for $M_{\rm BH}=10^6 \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, for which EMRIs only occur if stars can accrete to 10s of solar masses. Our results provide further evidence that gas-embedded EMRIs can contribute a substantial fraction of events detectable by milliHz gravitational wave detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Our disc solutions suggest the presence of migration traps, as has been found for more massive SMBH discs. Finally, the surviving population of stars after the disc lifetime leaves implications for stellar discs in galactic nuclei.
Substrate specificity of phenoloxidase-like activity in an ecoimmunological model speciesLymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Seppälä Otto , Schlegel Tamara 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTEcoimmunological research on molluscs and other invertebrates frequently quantifies phenoloxidase (PO) activity to estimate the strength of the immune function. PO enzymes form different families whose relative roles in oxidative reactions are typically unknown. Understanding this could allow enzyme-specific assays with higher accuracy than in commonly used nonspecific assays. We tested the contribution of different PO enzyme families to haemolymph PO-like activity in Lymnaea stagnalis snails using substrates specific to enzymes detected in L. stagnalis transcriptome data (p-phenylenediamine, specific to laccases; L-tyrosine, specific to tyrosinases) and compared the reactions to those with a nonspecific substrate (L-dopa). We found laccase-like but no tyrosinase-like activity. However, reactions with L-dopa were the strongest, possibly due to other oxidative enzymes in snail haemolymph. Laccase-like activity is common in molluscs, and we propose the use of enzyme-specific assays in future ecoimmunological studies of this taxon. The lack of tyrosinase-like activity in L. stagnalis contradicts earlier transcriptome data, which calls for investigating the expression of PO enzymes in L. stagnalis at the proteome level.
Questionnaire survey on the prevention and development of cervical cancer in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan
Authors: Murakawa Yohko , Dobashi Hiroaki , Kondo Masahiro , Nishiyama Susumu , Okazaki Ryota , Hasegawa Yasuyuki , Moriyama Mayuko , Sugiura Tomoko , Onishi Ikuko , Honda Manabu , Nagamura Norihiro , Yoshioka Yuki , Minamoto Toshiko 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim is to evaluate the prevention and development of cervical cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Japan and its background based on a questionnaire survey.

Methods
The questionnaire was handed to 460 adult female SLE patients at 12 medical institutions. The participants were grouped by age, and data related to their human papillomavirus vaccination status, age at first coitus, cervical cancer screening, and diagnosis of cervical cancer were analysed.

Results
A total of 320 responses were received. Patients aged 35–54 years included a higher proportion of patients whose age at first coitus was &lt;20 years. This group also showed a higher rate of cervical cancer/dysplasia. Only nine patients had a human papillomavirus vaccination history. Adequate frequency of cervical cancer screening was slightly higher (52.1%) among SLE patients than in the Japanese general population. However, 23% of the patients had never undergone examination, primarily because of a feeling of troublesome. The incidence of cervical cancer was significantly higher among SLE patients. One reason for this may be associated with the use of immunosuppressants, although the difference was not significant.

Conclusions
SLE patients are at a higher risk of cervical cancer and dysplasia. Rheumatologists should proactively recommend vaccination and screening examinations for SLE female patients.
Therapeutic Assessment with Couples (TA-2)
Authors: Aschieri Filippo , Caputo Camillo , Righetti Tommaso 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the Therapeutic Assessment with Couples (TA-2) model, summarizing its rationale and the literature on its development and effects. It also reviews research on partner selection and its evolution into long-term “couple dances.” Couple dances are patterns through which partners manage their psychological conflicts at the expense of rigid, dissatisfying couple relationships. Based on the mechanisms underlying couple functioning, the chapter describes the aims and the basic steps of the TA-2. First, the couple and assessor collaboratively formulate questions to be answered through the assessment process. TA-2 toggles between individual sessions and couple sessions. Individual sessions, composed of tests and collaborative processing of the testing experience, allow partners to gain insight and develop a new comprehension of their relational problems supported by the assessor. The insights and shared understanding that emerge are discussed and reviewed in the summary session, which aims to answer both the individual’s and the couple’s assessment questions. In the end, the assessor sends the couple written feedback, including answers to their assessment questions and test results, which is discussed during the summary and discussion session. This chapter illustrates the TA-2 model with a real case in which partners dealt with intolerable affect states due to their upbringing and the consequences of severe stressors they suffered due to rigid projective identification. The couple exemplifies the “avoidant-pursuer” dance. The TA-2 allowed both partners to become aware of the origins of such dance and become more able to tolerate intimacy.
Development of a medication review tool for community-dwelling older adults in Korea
Authors: Lee Soojin , Jun Kwanghee , Lee Ah Young , Ah Young-Mi , Lee Ju-Yeun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith the aging population, older adults are more likely to receive outpatient care. Therefore, it is necessary to identify drug-related problems (DRPs) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) associated with adverse clinical outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to develop a medication review tool for community-dwelling older adults in Korea.MethodsWe developed the tool using three steps: (i) establishment of a preliminary list by reviewing 21 existing tools, (ii) a two-round Delphi survey to evaluate clinical appropriateness and (iii) a two-round Delphi survey to evaluate applicability. The list was categorized into 23 diseases/conditions with five types of DRPs. The interventions for each item have been described.ResultsThe preliminary list contained 100 items. The final list contained 81 items, including 17 general PIMs, 26 PIMs under specific disease/conditions, 16 potential drug interactions, 20 potential omissions and 2 PIMs requiring dose adjustment.ConclusionWe developed a disease-based explicit medication review tool that can be used in primary care. This tool would assist primary care healthcare providers in identifying inappropriate medication use, which may help reduce adverse clinical consequences in older adults. Further studies are required to validate the clinical efficacy of this tool.
Inclusion of spray dried plasma in diets based on different ingredient combinations increases the digestibility of energy, fiber, Ca, and P by young pigs
Authors: Bailey Hannah M , Campbell Joy M , Torres-Mendoza Leidy J , Fanelli Natalia S , Stein Hans H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of spray dried plasma (SDP) in diets increases apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and/or the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in diets for young pigs, and that ATTD of energy and nutrients or STTD of P in individual ingredients are additive in diets containing SDP. Eighty barrows (body weight: 9.30 ± 0.97 kg) were housed in individual metabolism crates and allotted to 1 of 10 diets in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicate pigs per diet. Four diets were prepared without SDP and contained ingredients commonly used in the United States, Canada, the European Union, or Asia. Four additional diets were prepared by mixing 94% of the previous four diets and 6% SDP. A diet containing SDP as the sole source of P and a P-free diet were also formulated. The ATTD of GE and nutrients and the STTD of P were calculated in all diets except the P-free diet and for the four regional diets containing 6% SDP, values were also predicted from the digestibility obtained in SDP alone and the regional diets without SDP. Differences between measured and predicted values for digestibility of GE and nutrients were also calculated. An interaction was observed between SDP and region for the ATTD of soluble dietary fiber where the digestibility decreased (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed the U.S. diet with 6% SDP compared with 0% SDP, but that was not the case for the other regional diets. There was no interaction for the ATTD of GE, N, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), Ca, and P or the STTD of P, but the ATTD and STTD values were greater (P &lt; 0.05) or tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10%) when 6% SDP was included in the diet compared with diets with 0% SDP. The ATTD of GE, IDF, TDF, and P, and the STTD of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for the Asia diet compared with the other diets regardless of inclusion of SDP. The measured ATTD of IDF and TDF was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the predicted values for the U.S. and European Union diets, and the measured ATTD of GE, N, Ca, and P and the STTD of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than the predicted values for the Asia diet. In conclusion, addition of 6% SDP to a diet will increase the ATTD of energy and nutrients and the STTD of P in diets for weanling pigs, and in some cases, the measured ATTD of energy and nutrients or the STTD of P by pigs fed diets containing SDP is greater than predicted from individual ingredients.
Treatment of Recurrent Pressure Injury Using an Allograft Adipose Matrix
Authors: Melnychuk Igor , Thompson Cecily 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
A 77-year-old man with a more than 10-year history of a spinal cord injury developed bilateral trochanteric stage 3 pressure injuries (PIs) several years ago. They initially healed. The right trochanteric PI opened again and continued to reopen every 2 to 3 months, likely because of deficient adipose layer in the area of the healed PI.
To treat the recurrent PI, providers injected a total of 3 mL of allograft adipose matrix into the ulcerated area of the right trochanter PI in a fanning fashion to increase subcutaneous cushioning over the bony prominence. Silicone foam was used to assist with pressure reduction for the first month. When the ulcerations healed at 1 month, the silicone foam was discontinued, and an emollient ointment was applied bilaterally to provide both the currently affected site and healed scar tissue with moisture and enhanced barrier function. Follow-up examinations were completed at 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 19, 22, and 24 months; the ulcerations remained closed, and no new PIs developed.
The authors propose that allograft adipose matrix is a potential treatment modality for recurrent PIs needing a supplemented subcutaneous layer that other modalities cannot provide. Further use is ongoing in clinical scenarios when there is deficient adipose layer such as recurrent PIs or to prevent PI deterioration in early stages.
Management of pregnancy in left ventricular assist device and heart transplant recipients: a concise review
Authors: Marek-Iannucci Stefanie , Uber Patricia , Rajapreyar Indranee 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Women of reproductive age are increasingly undergoing heart transplantation (HT) or left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for advanced heart failure. This review is intended to give an overview of the current state of the art management of pregnancy in patients with LVAD or HT recipients.

Recent findings
Heart transplant recipients are at increased risk for graft rejection, renal dysfunction, preeclampsia and worsening of comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes). Patients with LVAD are at higher risk of thromboembolic events, infections, right ventricular failure and require close surveillance during pregnancy. Preconception counseling must be offered to all women of reproductive age group with HT or LVAD to avoid unplanned pregnancies.

Summary
A multidisciplinary approach with close antepartum and postpartum surveillance is recommended.
Management of hypertension in patients supported with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Krishnarao Krithika , Krim Selim R. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Hypertension remains one of the most common clinical problems leading to devastating postleft ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant complications. This study reviews the pathophysiology of hypertension in the setting of continuous flow LVAD support and provides an update on currently available antihypertensive therapies for LVAD patients.

Recent findings
The true prevalence of hypertension in the LVAD population remains unknown. Effective blood pressure (BP) control and standardization of BP measurement are key to prevent suboptimal left ventricular unloading, pump malfunction and worsening aortic regurgitation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), beta blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) are the preferred antihypertensive agents because of their additional potential benefits, including optimization of haemodynamics, prevention of stroke, gastrointestinal bleed and in some patients myocardial recovery. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) may be a well tolerated and effective therapy for BP control especially among CF-LVAD patients with resistant hypertension. Similarly, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) should be considered in the absence of contraindications.

Summary
Hypertension is very common post-LVAD implant. Heart failure guideline directed medical therapies, including ACEI, ARB, beta blockers and MRA, are the preferred antihypertensive agents to improve post-LVAD outcomes.