bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goal attainment of children with cerebral palsy participating in multi‐modal intervention
Authors: Bain Kathryn , Bombria Suzanne Davis , Chapparo Christine Janet , Donelly Michelle , Heard Robert , Treacy Sue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine if there was a significant difference in the functional performance of family requested daily tasks by a heterogeneous group of children with cerebral palsy following a programme of neuro‐developmental treatment and in comparison to a randomly control group.BackgroundThere are considerable challenges in conducting research into the functional performance of children with cerebral palsy. These include the highly heterogeneous nature of the population group, poor ecological and treatment fidelity, floor and ceiling effects in assessments, and insensitivity to the diverse functional needs and goals of children and families. Therapists and families identified functional goals and specified all aspects of performance details for each goal on five point goal attainment scales. Children with cerebral palsy were assigned randomly to treatment and alternate treatment groups. Children were video recorded attempting to perform targeted functional skills at pre‐test, post‐pest and follow‐up. Videos were recorded and rated by expert clinicians blind to experimental condition.ResultsAfter the first round of target intervention and alternate treatment had been completed, a significant difference in the goal attainment was noted between the control group and the treatment group at the post test, indicating that intervention was associated with a higher level of goal attainment than that attained by the control group (p = 0.0321) with a large effect size.ConclusionsThe study provided evidence of an effective way to investigate and to enhance the available motor capacity of children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy during participation in requested daily task performance, as reflected in goal attainment. Goal attainment scales were a reliable measure that was able to be used to detect changes in functional goals among a highly heterogeneous population group with individualized goals that were meaningful to each child and family.
Akebia saponin D acts via the PPAR‐gamma pathway to reprogramme a pro‐neurogenic microglia that can restore hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to chronic mild stress
Authors: Zhang Jinqiang , Liu Qin , Su Dapeng , Li Liangyuan , Xiao Chenghong , He Hui , You Zili , Zhou Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUsing drugs to modulate microglial function may be an effective way to treat disorders, such as depression, that involve impaired neurogenesis. Akebia saponin D (ASD) can cross the blood–brain barrier and exert anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, so we wondered whether it might influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis to treat depression.MethodsWe exposed C57BL/6 mice to chronic mild stress (CMS) as a model of depression and then gave them ASD intraperitoneally once daily for 3 weeks. We investigated the effects of ASD on microglial phenotype, hippocampal neurogenesis, and animal behavior. The potential role of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) or BDNF–TrkB pathway in the pro‐neurogenesis and anti‐depressant of ASD was identified using there inhibitors GW9662 and K252a, respectively. The neurogenic effects of ASD‐treated microglia were evaluated using conditioned culture methods.ResultsWe found that CMS upregulated pro‐inflammatory factors and inhibited hippocampal neurogenesis in dentate gyrus of mice, while inducing depressive‐like behaviors. Dramatically, ASD (40 mg/kg) treatment reprogrammed an arginase (Arg)‐1+ microglial phenotype in dentate gyrus, which increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and restored the hippocampal neurogenesis, and partially ameliorated the depressive‐like behaviors of the CMS‐exposed mice. K252a or neurogenesis inhibitor blocked the pro‐neurogenic, anti‐depressant effects of ASD. Furthermore, ASD activated PPAR‐γ in dentate gyrus of CMS mice as well as in primary microglial cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide. Blocking the PPAR‐γ using GW9962 suppressed the ASD‐reprogrammed Arg‐1+ microglia and BDNF expression in dentate gyrus of CMS mice. Such blockade abolished the promoted effects of ASD‐treated microglia on NSPC proliferation, survival, and neurogenesis. The pro‐neurogenic and anti‐depressant effects of ASD were blocked by GW9962.ConclusionThese results suggested that ASD acts via the PPAR‐γ pathway to induce a pro‐neurogenic microglia in dentate gyrus of CMS mice that can increase BDNF expression and promote NSPC proliferation, survival, and neurogenesis.
Do Australian adolescents with permission to drink at home engage in different alcohol use behaviours and experience more harms than those without such permission?
Authors: Quinn Brendan , Evans‐Whipp Tracy , Prattley Jennifer , Rioseco Pilar , Rowland Bosco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAround half of Australian students aged 16–17 are estimated to have drunk alcohol in the past month, with 11% drinking at ‘risky’ levels. This study investigated: (i) how many Australian adolescents aged 16–17 had parental permission to drink at home in 2016/17 and whether prevalence differed by adolescent sex; (ii) whether adolescents allowed to drink at home had drunk more recently and were drinking greater quantities; (iii) if adolescents allowed to drink at home experienced more alcohol‐related harms; and (iv) if parental drinking patterns were associated with permitting adolescents to drink at home.MethodsData from Wave 7 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used. Descriptive and bivariate analyses addressed Aims i–iii. Nested multivariable logistic regression models addressed aim iv.ResultsIn 2016/17, 28% of Australian adolescents aged 16–17 were allowed to drink alcohol at home. More adolescents with permission had drunk alcohol in the past month (77% vs. 63% of those without permission). There was no difference in quantity of alcohol consumed in the past week between groups. More adolescents allowed to drink at home had experienced alcohol‐related harm compared to those without permission (23% vs. 17%). In multivariable analyses, alcohol consumption by primary parents was associated with an increased likelihood of allowing adolescents to drink at home.Discussions and ConclusionsIn order to reduce adolescent alcohol use and associated harms, parents should avoid permitting alcohol use among adolescents at home. Frequent (twice or more/week) primary parental alcohol consumption was especially associated with greater odds of allowing adolescents to drink at home.
Contrasting long‐term trends in juvenile abundance of a widespread cold‐water salmonid along a latitudinal gradient: effects of climate, stream size and migration strategy
Authors: Donadi Serena , Näslund Joacim , Sandin Leonard , Sers Berit , Vasemägi Anti , Degerman Erik 
Published: March 2023

A changing climate reshapes the range distribution of many organisms, and species with relatively low thermal optima, like many salmonids, are increasingly expected to face local population extinctions at lower latitudes. Understanding where and how fast these changes are happening is of pivotal importance for successful mitigation and conservation efforts.We used an extensive electrofishing database to explore temporal trends of juveniles of brown troutSalmo truttain 218 locations from 174 Swedish streams, over the last 30 years (1991–2020). We hypothesized that 1) declines in abundance have occurred predominately in the warmer, southern regions, while increases have occurred in the colder, northern regions, 2) larger stream sizes may partly offset negative effects of climate, and 3) migrating and resident populations are affected differently by a warming climate.We found that abundance of brown trout juveniles generally declined in warmer regions especially in smaller streams (≤ 6 m wide), while the abundance increased in colder regions. In larger streams, negative effects of higher temperatures were seemingly buffered, as we found lower rates of decline or even positive trends. The rate of change (i.e. the slopes of the trends in abundance) was more pronounced towards the climate extremes, and was on average zero in regions with a normal annual air temperature (average temperature over 30 year period) around 5–6 °C. Warmer climate had stronger effects on migrating compared to resident populations, suggesting that climate‐induced loss of stream connectivity could be an additional factor that hinders recruitment in anadromous populations in a changing climate.Considering predictions of increasing temperatures and frequency of summer droughts, management of cold‐water salmonid populations should focus on conserving and restoring riparian vegetation, wetlands, climate and thermal refugia, and habitat integrity overall. Such measures may, however, not suffice for small streams at lower latitudes, unless hydrological connectivity is maintained.
Stakeholder engagement in European brain research: Experiences of the Lifebrain consortium
Authors: Budin‐Ljøsne Isabelle , Friedman Barbara B. , Baaré William F. C. , Bartrés‐Faz David , Carver Rebecca B. , Drevon Christian A. , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Fjell Anders M. , Ghisletta Paolo , Henson Richard N. , Kievit Rogier , Madsen Kathrine S. , Nawijn Laura , Suri Sana , Solé‐Padullés Cristina , Walhovd Kristine B. , Zsoldos Enikő 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionStakeholder engagement remains scarce in basic brain research. However, it can greatly improve the relevance of investigations and accelerate the translation of study findings to policy. The Lifebrain consortium investigated risk and protective factors influencing brain health using cognition, lifestyle and imaging data from European cohorts. Stakeholder activities of Lifebrain—organized in a separate work package—included organizing stakeholder events, investigating public perceptions of brain health and dissemination. Here, we describe the experiences of researchers and stakeholders regarding stakeholder engagement in the Lifebrain project.MethodsStakeholder engagement in Lifebrain was evaluated through surveys among researchers and stakeholders and stakeholders' feedback at stakeholder events through evaluation forms. Survey data were analysed using a simple content analysis approach, and results from evaluation forms were summarized after reviewing the frequency of responses.ResultsConsortium researchers and stakeholders experienced the engagement activities as meaningful and relevant. Researchers highlighted that it made the research and research processes more visible and contributed to new networks, optimized data collection on brain health perceptions and the production of papers and provided insights into stakeholder views. Stakeholders found research activities conducted in the stakeholder engagement work package to be within their field of interest and research results relevant to their work. Researchers identified barriers to stakeholder engagement, including lack of time, difficulties in identifying relevant stakeholders, and challenges in communicating complex scientific issues in lay language and maintaining relationships with stakeholders over time. Stakeholders identified barriers such as lack of budget, limited resources in their organization, time constraints and insufficient communication between researchers and stakeholders.ConclusionStakeholder engagement in basic brain research can greatly benefit researchers and stakeholders alike. Its success is conditional on dedicated human and financial resources, clear communication, transparent mutual expectations and clear roles and responsibilities.Public ContributionPatient organizations, research networks, policymakers and members of the general public were involved in engagement and research activities throughout the project duration.
Automatic identification of storytelling responses to past‐behavior interview questions via machine learning
Authors: Bangerter Adrian , Mayor Eric , Muralidhar Skanda , Kleinlogel Emmanuelle P. , Gatica‐Perez Daniel , Schmid Mast Marianne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructured interviews often feature past‐behavior questions, where applicants are asked to tell a story about past work experience. Applicants often experience difficulties producing such stories. Automatic analyses of applicant behavior in responding to past‐behavior questions may constitute a basis for delivering feedback and thus helping them improve their performance. We used machine learning algorithms to predict storytelling in transcribed speech of participants responding to past‐behavior questions in a simulated selection interview. Responses were coded as to whether they featured a story or not. For each story, utterances were also manually coded as to whether they described the situation, the task/action performed, or results obtained. The algorithms predicted whether a response features a story or not (best accuracy: 78%), as well as the count of situation, task/action, and response utterances. These findings contribute to better automatic identification of verbal responses to past‐behavior questions and may support automatic provision of feedback to applicants about their interview performance.
IL‐1β promotes IL‐17A production of ILC3s to aggravate neutrophilic airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Yang Dan , Li Yi'na , Liu Ting , Yang Ling , He Lixiu , Huang Tingxuan , Zhang Lanlan , Luo Jian , Liu Chuntao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIL‐17A‐producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been found to participate in the development of various phenotypes of asthma, however, little is known about how ILC3s mediate neutrophilic airway inflammation. Elevated IL‐1β has been reported in neutrophilic asthma (NA) and IL‐1β receptor is highly expressed on lung ILC3s. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL‐1β aggravates neutrophilic airway inflammation via provoking IL‐17A‐producing ILC3s. We sought to determine the pathological roles of the IL‐1β‐ILC3‐IL‐17A axis in neutrophilic airway inflammation. Lung ILC subsets were measured in eosinophilic asthma (ovalbumin [OVA]/Alum) and NA (OVA/lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) murine models. Rag2−/− (lacking adaptive immunity), RORc−/− (lacking transcription factor RORγt), Rag2−/−RORc−/− (lacking adaptive immunity and ILC3s), and ILCs depletion mice were used to verify the roles of ILC3s in neutrophilic airway inflammation by measurement of CXCL‐1, IL‐17A, IL‐22 and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), detection of Muc5ac in lung tissues, and quantification of IL‐17A‐producing ILC3s after treatment of anti‐IL‐17A or recombinant IL‐1β (rIL‐1β) and its monoclonal antibody. NLRP3, Caspase 1 and their induction of IL‐1β were detected in lung tissues of OVA/LPS‐induced mice. The OVA/LPS model was characterized by an enrichment of airway neutrophilia, lung RORγt+ ILC3s and Th17 cytokines (IL‐17A and IL‐22) and neutrophilic chemokine C‐X‐C motif (chemokine) ligand 1 (CXCL‐1), compared to the phenotypic features of airway eosinophilia, GATA3+ ILC2s and type‐2 cytokines in OVA/Alum model. The concentration of CXCL‐1 and neutrophil counts in BALF were decreased by anti‐IL‐17A. RORγt deficiency led to a decrease in IL‐17A and CXCL‐1 levels and neutrophil counts in BALF. ILC depletion in Rag2−/− mice ameliorated OVA/LPS‐induced IL‐17A, IL‐22, CXCL‐1 and airway neutrophil counts. IL‐17A‐producing ILCs and BALF neutrophil counts were significantly lower in Rag2−/−RORc−/− mice than those in Rag2−/− mice. IL‐1β was highly expressed in BALF and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in OVA/LPS model, and administration of rIL‐1β substantially aggravated airway inflammation and promoted upregulation of RORγt+ and IL‐17A‐producing lung ILC3s, which were reversed by anti‐IL‐1β. NLRP3 and Caspase 1 expressions were enhanced by OVA/LPS, and their inhibitors abolished the OVA/LPS‐induced IL‐1β in BECs. ILC3s play a pathogenic role in the pathogenesis of NA, which is triggered by IL‐1β via promoting IL‐17A production of lung ILC3s.
On subsistence‐type rural independent retailers and crowdfunded microfinance—Prosocial lending, nudges, and unintended consequences
Authors: Yamalakonda Siddhartha , Nilakantan Rahul , Iyengar Deepak , Rao Shashank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch of the extant scholarship in supply chain management (SCM) has had a developed world focus, although most of the global population resides outside this area. SCM scholars are now recognizing this limitation in the coverage of our communities' research. They have recognized that the logistical challenges of getting products to these underserved markets at the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP) may be fundamentally different from the “big box” mindset that prevails in the west. There is growing recognition that supply chain entrepreneurship is critical to the logistics and physical distribution systems that can get products to such markets in a cost‐effective manner. Yet, such entrepreneurs, who are often small, and weakly integrated into the global economy, face several challenges in their daily business. Many of them rely on microfinance to fund their business. Yet, the microfinance model itself is changing into a web‐supported crowdfunded model. The current study investigates how an entrepreneur's circumstances with regard to their borrowing status as a first‐time borrower, and their intent with regard to business expansion influence their success in fundraising on a crowdfunding platform. Results reveal that BOP entrepreneurs who are “repeat borrowers” have difficulty in obtaining funding for their business plans.
Trajectories of cortical structures associated with stress across adolescence: a bivariate latent change score approach
Authors: Nweze Tochukwu , Banaschewski Tobias , Ajaelu Cyracius , Okoye Chukwuemeka , Ezenwa Michael , Whelan Robert , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Bokde Arun L.W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Martinot Marie‐Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Nees Frauke , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Schumann Gunter , Hanson Jamie L. ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: March 2023

BackgroundStress exposure in childhood and adolescence has been linked to reductions in cortical structures and cognitive functioning. However, to date, most of these studies have been cross‐sectional, limiting the ability to make long‐term inferences, given that most cortical structures continue to develop through adolescence.MethodsHere, we used a subset of the IMAGEN population cohort sample (N = 502; assessment ages: 14, 19, and 22 years; mean age: 21.945 years; SD = 0.610) to understand longitudinally the long‐term interrelations between stress, cortical development, and cognitive functioning. To these ends, we first used a latent change score model to examine four bivariate relations – assessing individual differences in change in the relations between adolescent stress exposure and volume, surface area, and cortical thickness of cortical structures, as well as cognitive outcomes. Second, we probed for indirect neurocognitive effects linking stress to cortical brain structures and cognitive functions using rich longitudinal mediation modeling.ResultsLatent change score modeling showed that greater baseline adolescence stress at age 14 predicted a small reduction in the right anterior cingulate volume (Std. β = −.327, p = .042, 95% CI [−0.643, −0.012]) and right anterior cingulate surface area (Std. β = −.274, p = .038, 95% CI [−0.533, −0.015]) across ages 14–22. These effects were very modest in nature and became nonsignificant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Our longitudinal analyses found no evidence of indirect effects in the two neurocognitive pathways linking adolescent stress to brain and cognitive outcomes.ConclusionFindings shed light on the impact of stress on brain reductions, particularly in the prefrontal cortex that have consistently been implicated in the previous cross‐sectional studies. However, the magnitude of effects observed in our study is smaller than that has been reported in past cross‐sectional work. This suggests that the potential impact of stress during adolescence on brain structures may likely be more modest than previously noted.
Introducing aesthetic regenerative scaffolds: An immunological perspective
Authors: Corduff Niamh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin aging arises from immunological responses to tissue deterioration and damage. Tissue repair processes encompass the regeneration of original tissue and ‘scarless’ wound healing seen in foetuses, and the extreme fibrotic responses and scarring seen in adults. Anti‐aging aesthetic medicine uses interventions like biomaterial‐based fillers to influence these immunological responses and renew aged tissue structure and function. At filler injection sites, an inflammatory response occurs that causes a spectrum of outcomes, ranging from tissue regeneration to fibrosis and filler encapsulation. Importantly, the resulting inflammatory pathway can be predetermined by the biomaterial injected.AimsBy understanding this immunological process, we can develop Aesthetic Regenerative Scaffolds (ARS) ‐ aesthetic injectable biomaterials ‐ to direct inflammatory wound healing away from chronic, fibrotic responses, and towards physiological tissue regeneration.Materials and MethodsWe identified and reviewed literature on the immunological and cellular responses to injected dermal fillers, whereby the wound healing response to the injection was moderated under the influence of an injected biomaterial.ResultsWe described the mechanisms of dermal wound healing and the use of ARS to direct healing towards tissue regeneration instead of scarring. We also summarised studies on extracellular matrix remodeling by calcium hydroxylapatite. We found that Calcium hydroxylapatite fillers produce collagen as they gradually degrade and their spherical structures serve as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, CaHA improved fibroblast contractility, collagen type III and elastin production, proliferation and angiogenesis with less inflammation than hyaluronic acid fillers.DiscussionRegneration pathways can be influenced at specific points between a facial filler biomaterial and the wound healingmechanisms at its site of implantaion.ConclusionPhysicians can select scaffolds that direct the immune response away from a fibrotic chronic inflammatory pathway and towards regeneration to enable true repair of the aging skin.