bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for non‐invasive characterization of azoospermia: A prospective comparative single‐center study
Authors: Hesham Said Ahmed , Ragab Ahmed , Zohdy Wael , Ibrahim Ahmed Sayed , Abd El Basset Ahmed Sayed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAzoospermia affects about 15% of childless males. The differential diagnosis between subtypes of azoospermia is the initial step in its management.ObjectivesTo investigate the role of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in distinguishing obstructive azoospermia from non‐obstructive azoospermia and predicting sperm retrieval together with histological alterations in men with non‐obstructive azoospermia.Materials and methodsThis prospective comparative study involved 60 men with obstructive azoospermia (group A) and 60 men with non‐obstructive azoospermia (group B). Scrotal proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging were conducted for all participants to respectively evaluate testicular metabolites and normalized apparent diffusion coefficient 1 week before sperm retrieval.ResultsApparent diffusion coefficient was significantly higher in group B as compared to group A (0.47 ± 0.11 vs. 0.29 ± 0.05; and 0.46 ± 0.14 vs. 0.28 ± 0.02) for the right and left testis, respectively. Conversely, testicular choline and lipids were significantly higher in group A as compared to group B. Normalized apparent diffusion coefficient, choline, and lipids at cut‐off levels of 0.353, 0.31, and 0.725 could differentiate between obstructive azoospermia and non‐obstructive azoospermia (area under the curve = 0.963; confidence interval = 0.939–0.986, area under the curve = 0.985; confidence interval = 0.974–0.997, and area under the curve = 0.970; confidence interval = 0.940–0.999, respectively). Regarding the prediction of sperm retrieval in the non‐obstructive azoospermia group, choline levels had the highest area under the curve (0.923), and its cut‐off level was 0.195. The normalized apparent diffusion coefficient was significantly lower in men with positive sperm retrieval as compared to men with unsuccessful retrieval. Finally, it was revealed that all magnetic resonance imaging parameters except creatine could independently predict testicular histology in men with non‐obstructive azoospermia. The highest prediction was 95% in normal spermatogenesis, and the least prediction was 40% in spermatid arrest. Regression analysis was used to detect final predictors and extrapolate an equation that could be used to predict testicular pathologyConclusionsNormalized apparent diffusion coefficient and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy are helpful in differentiating obstructive azoospermia from non‐obstructive azoospermia and predicting sperm retrieval and related histological alterations in men with non‐obstructive azoospermia.
The spatial ventricular gradient is associated with adverse outcomes in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Stabenau Hans Friedrich , Marcus Mason , Matos Jason D. , McCormick Ian , Litmanovich Diana , Manning Warren J. , Carroll Brett J. , Waks Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) is a vectorcardiographic measurement that reflects cardiac loading conditions via electromechanical coupling.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the SVG is correlated with right ventricular (RV) strain and is prognostic of adverse events in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsRetrospective, single‐center study of patients with acute PE. Electrocardiogram (ECG), imaging, and outcome data were obtained. SVG components were regressed on tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), qualitative RV dysfunction, and RV/left ventricular (LV) ratio. Odds of adverse outcomes (30‐day mortality, vasopressor requirement, or advanced therapy) after PE were regressed on demographics, RV/LV ratios, traditional ECG signs of RV dysfunction, and SVG components using a logit model.ResultsECGs from 317 patients (48% male, age 63.1 ± 16.6 years) with acute PE were analyzed; 36 patients (11.4%) experienced an adverse event. Worse RV hypokinesis, larger RV/LV ratio, and smaller TAPSE were associated with smaller SVG X and Y components, larger SVG Z components, and smaller SVG vector magnitude (p < .001 for all). In multivariable logistic regression, odds of adverse events after PE decreased with increasing SVG magnitude and TAPSE (OR 0.32 and 0.54 per standard deviation increase; p = .03 and p = .004, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that, when combined with imaging, replacing traditional ECG criteria with the SVG significantly improved the area under the ROC from 0.70 to 0.77 (p = .01).ConclusionThe SVG is correlated with RV dysfunction and adverse outcomes in acute PE and has a better prognostic value than traditional ECG markers.
Fifty years on: How we uncovered the unique bioenergetics of brown adipose tissue
Authors: Nicholls David G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExactly 50 years ago, I was a post‐doc in the laboratory of Olov Lindberg in Stockholm measuring fatty acid oxidation by mitochondria isolated from thermogenic brown adipose tissue, when we noticed a curious nonlinearity in the respiration rate. This initiated a convoluted chain of experiments revealing that the mitochondria were textbook demonstrations of the then novel and highly controversial “chemiosmotic hypothesis” of Peter Mitchell and that thermogenesis was regulated by a proton short‐circuit, mediated by a 32 kDa “uncoupling protein,” UCP1, activated by fatty acid. This review is a personal account of the research into the bioenergetics of isolated brown adipocytes and isolated mitochondria, which led, after fifteen years of investigation, to what is still accepted as the “canonical” UCP1‐mediated mechanism of nonshivering thermogenesis, uniting whole animal physiology with mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Bayesian analysis of genetic and environmental effects on litter traits in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) herd under long‐term selection
Authors: Przysiecki Piotr , Filistowicz Andrzej , Skotarczak Ewa , Dobrzynska Patrycja , Szwaczkowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe economic efficiency of fur animal farms is considerably influenced by reproductive performance. The objectives of this study are to determine the effects of individual and maternal inbreeding, birth year, and dam and sire age on litter size at birth (LSB) and at weaning (LSW) and on preweaning mortality (PWM) in a red fox herd under long‐term selection, and to determine the heritability of these traits. In total, 37,973 pedigreed individuals were used to calculate the inbreeding coefficients, based on records of 14,527 litters of 3856 dams born from the year 1958 to 2015. Two data sets (all data and data for the Polish variety) were analyzed. The highest heritability was estimated for PWM (0.292, 0.306) and the lowest for LSW (0.114, 0.115). In contrast to paternal and maternal inbreeding, litter inbreeding was found to exert a significant influence. The absence of significant effects of most varieties may suggest relatively large genetic similarity in the world red fox population. This corresponds with the similarity of the results obtained for the total herd and for the Polish variety. Favorable genetic trends were observed for the studied traits, indicating that the selection applied had been a relatively effective approach to improving these traits.
Preconception health status and associated disparities among rural, Midwestern women in the United States
Authors: DiPietro Mager Natalie A. , Zollinger Terrell W. , Turman Jack E. , Zhang Jianjun , Dixon Brian E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the preconception/interconception health and behaviors of reproductive‐age women in the rural Midwest of the United States. The purpose of this study was to quantify preconception/interconception health status and to identify disparities compared with statewide estimates.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we collected data on 12 health conditions and behaviors that are risk factors for adverse maternal and infant health outcomes from nonpregnant women ages 18‐45 years in rural northwestern Ohio. Statistical tests were used to identify associations between selected demographic characteristics and a subset of eight high‐priority health measures (smoking, diabetes, heavy alcohol use, folic acid intake, normal weight, sufficient physical activity, and effective contraception use); all but physical activity could be compared with Ohio estimates derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Ohio Pregnancy Assessment Survey.ResultsThree hundred‐fifteen women participated, with 98.4% reporting at least one high‐priority risk factor. Statistically significant differences were identified among subpopulations related to smoking, folic acid, normal weight, sufficient physical activity, and effective contraception use. In addition, the proportion of participants reporting hypertension (P < 0.001), smoking (P < 0.001), abnormal weight (P = 0.002), and lack of daily folic acid intake (P = 0.006) were statistically significantly higher than expected based on statewide estimates.ConclusionsWomen in the rural Midwest of the United States are at risk for poor health and pregnancy outcomes. Statewide estimates tracking preconception/interconception health status may obscure variation for at‐risk groups, particularly in rural or underserved areas. These findings illustrate the need for interventions to advance preconception/interconception health and improve methods to capture and analyze data for rural women.
The potential of biophysiology for understanding motivation, engagement and learning experiences
Authors: Martin Andrew J. , Malmberg Lars‐Erik , Pakarinen Eija , Mason Lucia , Mainhard Tim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsIntegrative models applied to human learning and performance emphasize the joint operation of biological, psychological, social, and educational processes to fully understand human functioning. Educational psychology researchers have typically emphasized psycho‐educational and psycho‐social factors in motivation, engagement and learning, but do not often consider the biophysiological factors.ResultsThis Editorial and Special Issue advances current understanding on the role of biophysiological factors and processes in students' and teachers' motivation, engagement, and learning experiences, by showcasing recent educational research that included biophysiological measures and methods.ConclusionsAs we discuss, conducting integrative biophysiological and psycho‐educational research has potential to derive vital substantive, methodological, and applied insights that provide a rigorous basis for more effective educational theory, research, and practice.
The Cognitive and Behavioural Responses to Symptoms Questionnaire (CBRQ): Development, reliability and validity across several long‐term conditions
Authors: Picariello Federica , Chilcot Joseph , Chalder Trudie , Herdman David , Moss‐Morris Rona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesCognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms can worsen or maintain the severity of symptoms across long‐term conditions (LTCs). Although the Cognitive and Behavioural Responses Questionnaire (CBRQ) has been used in research, its original development and psychometric properties as a transdiagnostic measure have not been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the CBRQ and a recently proposed short version, across different LTCs.DesignPsychometric validation study.MethodsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of the CBRQ in two datasets from the CBRQ's original development; (chronic fatigue syndrome,N = 230; and multiple sclerosis,N = 221) and in additional groups: haemodialysis (N = 174), inflammatory bowel disease (N = 182) and chronic dizziness (N = 185). Scale reliability and construct validity were assessed. The factor structure of the shortened CBRQ (CBRQ‐SF) was also assessed.ResultsCFA revealed that a 7‐or 8‐factor structure had generally appropriate fit supporting the originally proposed 7 factors (Fear avoidance, Damage beliefs, Catastrophising, Embarrassment avoidance, Symptom focusing, All‐or‐nothing behaviour and Avoidance/Resting behaviour). Omega coefficients indicated satisfactory internal reliability. Correlations with related constructs suggested construct validity. The scale appeared sensitive to change. The CBRQ‐SF also displayed good psychometric quality, with a better model fit than the CBRQ.ConclusionsThe CBRQ and the shortened version were shown to be reliable and valid at assessing a range of cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms, highlighting the multi‐symptom, transdiagnostic properties of this questionnaire. Further research is necessary to determine the test–retest reliability and sensitivity to change of the CBRQ and CBRQ‐SF and a thorough evaluation of the content validity of the items.
The effects of the presence of a face and direct eye gaze on voice identity learning
Authors: Lavan Nadine , Ramanik Bamaniya Nisha , Muse Moha‐Maryam , Price Raffaella Lucy Monica , Mareschal Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe rarely become familiar with the voice of another person in isolation but usually also have access to visual identity information, thus learning to recognize their voice and face in parallel. There are conflicting findings as to whether learning to recognize voices in audiovisual vs audio‐only settings is advantageous or detrimental to learning. One prominent finding shows that the presence of a face overshadows the voice, hindering voice identity learning by capturing listeners' attention (Face Overshadowing Effect; FOE). In the current study, we tested the proposal that the effect of audiovisual training on voice identity learning is driven by attentional processes. Participants learned to recognize voices through either audio‐only training (Audio‐Only) or through three versions of audiovisual training, where a face was presented alongside the voices. During audiovisual training, the faces were either looking at the camera (Direct Gaze), were looking to the side (Averted Gaze) or had closed eyes (No Gaze). We found a graded effect of gaze on voice identity learning: Voice identity recognition was most accurate after audio‐only training and least accurate after audiovisual training including direct gaze, constituting a FOE. While effect sizes were overall small, the magnitude of FOE was halved for the Averted and No Gaze conditions. With direct gaze being associated with increased attention capture compared to averted or no gaze, the current findings suggest that incidental attention capture at least partially underpins the FOE. We discuss these findings in light of visual dominance effects and the relative informativeness of faces vs voices for identity perception.
Longevity, Fertility, and the Real Exchange Rate
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Zhou Zhihao , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe build a simple overlapping generation model to investigate the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate where fertility is chosen endogenously. The model reveals that, although the overall effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate is not certain, longer life expectancy tends to cause the real exchange rate to depreciate by reducing fertility. Fertility thus serves as a mediator in the effect of life expectancy on the real exchange rate. Evidence from 148 economies (1980–2018) shows a statistically significant and robust negative relationship between life expectancy and the real exchange rate. It is estimated that a 1 year increase in life expectancy is associated with a 1.5 percent depreciation in the real exchange rate. The evidence also confirms the mediated effect of fertility. The mediated effect that fertility exerts accounts for 30 percent to 50 percent of the total effect, depending on the real exchange rate index used.
The value of pulmonary artery acceleration time in evaluating pulmonary vascular disease in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Wang Liling , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Fengjuan , Xu Haiyan , Wang Haiyan , Zhao Xueqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesEarly screening and dynamic monitoring of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) high‐risk infants is of great clinical significance. Pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) is a reliable and non‐invasive method for assessing PVD in children over 1 year, but to date, few studies have used PAAT to assess pulmonary hemodynamics of preterm infants, especially those with BPD. Through dynamic monitoring the main hemodynamic indicators reflected PVD after birth, this study aimed to assess the value of PAAT in evaluating early PVD in BPD infants.MethodsAll 81 preterm infants at risk of BPD were divided into BPD and non‐BPD groups according to whether BPD occurred. Clinical characteristics, PAAT, right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and other main hemodynamic indicators at four different time points after birth were studied and compared.ResultsPAAT and PAAT/RVET increased gradually within 72 h after birth in the BPD group (p < .05), but the curve tended to be flat over time after 72 h (p > .05). At PMA32 and 36 weeks, the PAAT (49.7 ± 4.8 vs. 54.8 ± 5.7, p = .001; 50.0 ± 5.3 vs. 57.0 ± 5.3, p = .001) and PAAT/RVET (.33 ± .04 vs. .35 ± .03, p = .001; .34 ± .03 vs. .37 ± .04, p = .001) in BPD group were significantly lower than those in the non‐BPD group.ConclusionsPAAT and PAAT/RVET in the BPD group infants showed different change patterns compared to non‐BPD group infants. PAAT can be used as a noninvasive and reliable screening method for screening and dynamic monitoring of PVD in BPD high‐risk infants.
Contrasting effects of nitrogen fertiliser application on the performance of closely related grasshoppers through changes in plant nutrient concentrations
Authors: Zhu Yu , Ma Quanhui , Zhong Zhiwei , Jiang Ming , Bakker Elisabeth S. , Harvey Jeffrey A. , (Ciska) Veen G. F. , Chen Cong , Wang Deli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Global environmental changes mediated by anthropogenic processes can affect the nutrient status of plants, with important consequences for the performance and dynamics of insect herbivores that feed on them.
While it is well documented that insects from different feeding guilds (e.g., sap‐feeders and leaf‐chewers) can respond differently to altered food resources due to their distinct physiological and ecological characteristics, little is known about how ecologically similar insect species from the same feeding guild respond to changes in food nutrient status.
Using nitrogen (N) fertiliser, the authors examined the effects of N inputs on two sympatric grasshopper species, Euchorthippus cheui and E. unicolor, that share the same host food plant, Leymus chinensis grass. The authors examined the effects of fertilisation on the individual feeding behaviour, performance and abundance of the two grasshopper species.
The nutrient (protein) content of L. chinensis leaves was enhanced by fertilisation during the entire season. However, E. cheui and E. unicolor exhibited differing growth rates, development and body size responses to fertilisation.
E. cheui preferred L. chinensis leaves from high‐N fertilised treatments, while E. unicolor preferred leaves from low‐N fertilised treatments. Moreover, fertilisation increased the abundance of E. cheui but had no significant effect on the abundance of E. unicolor in the field.
The findings imply that effective management and conservation strategies for insects should target the needs of individual species rather than species groups or communities as a whole because nutritional and environmental requirements are often species‐specific.
TP53 signal pathway confers potential therapy target in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhu Gelan , Cai Jiayi , Zhong Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTP53 mutation is a frequent tumor suppressor mutation and a critical prognostic indicator across studies in many malignant tumors including hematologic malignancies. However, the role of TP53 and its correlative pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is enigmatic, which may provide possible emerging strategies with the potential to improve outcomes in AML. Accordingly, we focus not only on the TP53 mutation but also on the underlying mechanisms of the mutated TP53 signal pathway. While it is now generally accepted that TP53 mutations are widely associated with a dismal prognosis, resistance to chemotherapy, and high incidence of relapse and refractory AML. Hereby, the current therapeutics targeting TP53 mutant AML are summarized in this review. This will address emerging TP53‐based therapeutic approaches, facilizing the TP53‐targeted treatment options.
Independent effect of cardiometabolic syndromes and depression on dementia in Parkinson's disease: A 12‐year longitudinal follow‐up study of a nationwide cohort
Authors: Kang Sung Hoon , Choi Yunjin , Chung Su Jin , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Ji Hyun , Oh Kyungmi , Yoon Joon Shik , Cho Geum Joon , Koh Seong‐Beom 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) according to age and disease duration by sex. Furthermore, we explored the effect of each cardiometabolic syndrome and depression on the incidence of PDD.MethodsUsing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, 79,622 patients with de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) aged ≥40 years between January 2002 and December 2010 were followed to December 2019. We analyzed the incidence of PDD according to age at PD diagnosis and disease duration. To determine cardiometabolic syndromes and depression that affected PDD, we used Fine and Gray competing regression after controlling for age and sex.ResultsDuring the 12.5‐year follow‐up period, the incidence of PDD increased with age at PD diagnosis (0.81–45.31 per 1000 person‐years among those aged 40–44 and over 80 years, respectively) and longer disease duration (22.68 per 1000 person‐years in 1–2 years to 34.16 per 1000 person‐years in 15–16 years). Hypertension (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.16), diabetes (SHR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.05–1.14), dyslipidemia (SHR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.11–1.20), and depression (SHR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.30–1.41) independently increased the risk for PDD.ConclusionsOur findings provide insights into cardiometabolic syndromes as modifiable risk factors for incident PDD. Furthermore, our results will help in designing public health policies with respect to controlling cardiometabolic syndromes and depression to prevent incident PDD in patients with PD.