bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence against a Pathogenic Role for Mossy Fiber Sprouting
Authors: Benardo Larry S. 
Published: December 2022

Is mossy fiber sprouting present at the time of the first spontaneous seizures in rat experimental temporal lobe epilepsy? Nissinen J, Lukasiuk K, Pitkanen A Hippocampus 2001;11:299–310 Purpose The contribution of mossy fiber sprouting to the generation of spontaneous seizures in the epileptic brain is under dispute. This study addressed this question by examining whether sprouting of mossy fibers is present at the time of appearance of the first spontaneous seizures in rats, and whether all animals with increased sprouting have spontaneous seizures. Methods Epileptogenesis was induced in 16 rats by electrically stimulating the lateral nucleus of the amygdala for 20–30 min until the rats developed self-sustained status epilepticus (SSSE). During and after SSSE, rats were monitored in the long term with continuous video-EEG until they developed a second spontaneous seizure (8–54 days). Thereafter, monitoring was continued for 11 days to follow up seizure frequency. The density of mossy fiber sprouting was analyzed from Timm-stained preparations. The density of hilar neurons was assessed from thionine-stained sections. Results Of 16 rats, epilepsy developed in 14. In epileptic rats, the density of mossy fiber sprouting did not correlate with the severity or duration (115–620 min) of SSSE, delay from SSSE to occurrence of first (8–51 days) or second (8–54 days) spontaneous seizure, or time from SSSE to perfusion (20–63 days). In the temporal end of the hippocampus, the sprouting correlated with the severity of neuronal damage (ipsilateral: r = −0.852, p < 0.01; contralateral: r = −0.748, p < 0.01). The two animals without spontaneous seizures also had sprouting. Increased density of sprouting in animals without seizures and its association with the severity of neuronal loss was confirmed in another series of 30 stimulated rats that were followed up with video-EEG monitoring for 60 days. Conclusions Our data indicate that although mossy fiber sprouting is present in all animals with spontaneous seizures, its presence is not necessarily associated with the occurrence of spontaneous seizures.
A Reexamination of PLEDs in the Setting of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Boggs Jane 
Published: December 2022

Serial EEG During Human Status Epilepticus: Evidence for PLED as an Ictal Pattern Garzon E, Fernandes RM, Sakamoto AC Neurology 2001;57:1175–1183 Objective To analyze the relationship between periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLED) and status epilepticus (SE), to evaluate the relationship between mortality and periodic patterns, and to determine whether a stereotypic sequence of EEG patterns exists during human SE. Methods The authors performed a prospective clinical and electrographic study comprising 62 episodes of SE, 55 patients, and 254 ictal/postictal EEG recordings. Serial daily EEG were obtained in all cases. Results Partial SE was the predominant clinical type. Four distinct ictal EEG patterns were identified: intermittent EEG seizures (IES), merging EEG seizures (MES), continuous ictal discharges (CID), and periodic epileptiform discharges (PED) which could be lateralized (PLED) or bilateral (PBED). IES was the most common ictal pattern. In the same record, only one combination of ictal patterns was observed corresponding to an association of PLED or PBED and MES pattern. Serial EEG demonstrated that approximately one-third of SE resolved before the second EEG, another one-third persisted and maintained the same ictal pattern throughout the entire evolution, and the final one-third showed variable ictal EEG patterns. PLED were also unequivocally associated with epileptic seizures, and in some patients were the initial ictal pattern. Conclusion PLED can be an ictal pattern; and, in contrast to previous observations, no stereotyped sequence of ictal EEG patterns was found. PLED/PBED were not a terminal ictal pattern in every case, and outcome was more related to age and etiology than to specific ictal EEG patterns.
Grafts of Encapsulated Fibroblasts Engineered to Release an Anticonvulsant Substance
Authors: Scharfman Helen 
Published: December 2022

Grafts of Adenosine-releasing Cells Suppress Seizures in Kindling Epilepsy Huber A, Padrun V, Deglon N, Aebischer P, Mohler H, Boison D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:7611–7616 Adenosine is an inhibitor of neuronal activity in the brain. The local release of adenosine from grafted cells was evaluated as an ex vivo gene therapy approach to suppress synchronous discharges and epileptic seizures. Fibroblasts were engineered to release adenosine by inactivating the adenosine-metabolizing enzymes adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase. After encapsulation into semipermeable polymers, the cells were grafted into the brain ventricles of electrically kindled rats, a model of partial epilepsy. Grafted rats provided a nearly complete protection from behavioral seizures and a near-complete suppression of after discharges in electroencephalogram recordings, whereas the full tonic-clonic convulsions in control rats remained unaltered. Thus, the local release of adenosine resulting in adenosine concentrations <25 nM at the site of action is sufficient to suppress seizure activity and, therefore, provides a potential therapeutic principle for the treatment of drug-resistant partial epilepsies.
Widespread Neuronal Dysfunction in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Cascino Gregory D. 
Published: December 2022

Reduced Extrahippocampal NAA in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mueller SG, Suhy J, Laxer KD, Flenniken DL, Axelrad J, Capizzano AA, Weiner MW Epilepsia 2002;43(10):1210–1216 Purpose Structural and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampal region in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) are well described; less is known about extrahippocampal changes. This study was designed to characterize extrahippocampal metabolic abnormalities in mTLE with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with tissue segmentation and volumetry of gray and white matter. Methods Multislice magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) in combination with tissue segmentation was performed on 16 patients with mTLE and 12 age-matched healthy volunteers. The data were analyzed by using a regression-analysis model that estimated the metabolite concentrations in 100% cortical gray and 100% white matter in the frontal lobe and nonfrontal brain. The segmented image was used to calculate the fraction of gray and white matter in these regions. Results mTLE had significantly lower N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in ipsi- and contralateral frontal gray ( P = 0.03) and in ipsi- and contralateral nonfrontal white matter ( P = 0.008) compared with controls. Although there were no associated volumetric deficits in frontal gray and white matter, ipsilateral nonfrontal gray matter ( P = 0.003) was significantly smaller than that in controls. Conclusions mTLE is associated with extrahippocampal metabolic abnormalities and volumetric deficits, but these do not necessarily affect the same regions.
Childhood Temporal Lobectomy: Results of Extended Follow-Up
Authors: Marks William J. 
Published: December 2022

Long-term Follow-up of Temporal Lobectomy in Children Jarrar RG, Buchhalter JR, Meyer FB, Sharbrough FW, Laws E Neurology 2002;59:1635–1637 Temporal lobectomy is an effective treatment for medically intractable seizures. The change in seizure status with prolonged postoperative follow-up is unclear. The authors followed up 37 patients who underwent first-time temporal lobectomy during childhood for at least 15 years. This study is the longest follow-up of children who have had a temporal lobectomy for intractable seizures. It demonstrates that seizure recurrence can increase with longer duration of follow-up.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Theodore William H. 
Published: December 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Asymptomatic, First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Familial Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Kobayashi E, Li LM, Lopes-Cendes I, Cendes F Arch Neurol 2002;59:1891–1894 Purpose To investigate the presence of hippocampal atrophy (HA) and other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in asymptomatic relatives of patients with familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (FMTLE). Methods We invited first-degree, asymptomatic relatives of patients with FMTLE to participate in our MRI protocol. After informed consent, all participating individuals underwent an MRI examination. Hippocampal abnormality was determined by qualitative and volumetric analyses, using a standard protocol. Results We studied 52 asymptomatic individuals (27 men), with a mean age of 32 years (range, 7–71 years), from 11 families with FMTLE. Volumetric studies showed HA in 18 (34%) of 52 individuals: 11 had left HA, and seven had bilateral HA. In addition, careful visual analysis of T1- and T2-weighted images showed additional classic MRI signs of HS (such as abnormal T2 signal and/or abnormal internal structure) in 14 of these 18 individuals. There was no age difference between individuals with and without HA ( t test, P = 0.80). Conclusions Our findings indicate that MRI evidence of HS is not necessarily related to seizure severity and may occur in individuals who never had seizures. In addition, these observations strongly indicate that HS in FMTLE is not a consequence of recurrent seizures and is determined by a strong genetic predisposition. The determination of seizure severity in patients with FMTLE probably depends on the interaction of different factors, both genetic and environmental.
Radical Ideas about Seizure-Induced Neuronal Damage
Authors: Stafstrom Carl E. 
Published: December 2022

Free Radical–Mediated Cell Damage After Experimental Status Epilepticus in Hippocampal Slice Cultures Kovács R, Schuchmann S, Gabriel S, Kann O, Kardos J, Heinemann U J Neurophysiol 2002:88:2909–2918 Generation of free radicals may have a key role in the nerve cell damage induced by prolonged or frequently recurring convulsions (status epilepticus). Mitochondrial function also may be altered because of production of free radicals during seizures. We therefore studied changes in field potentials (fp) together with measurements of extracellular, intracellular, and intramitochondrial calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e, [Ca2+]i, and [Ca2+]m, respectively), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] autofluorescence, and dihydroethidium (HEt) fluorescence in hippocampal slice cultures by means of simultaneous electrophysiologic and microfluorimetric measurements. As reported previously, each seizure-like event (SLE) resulted in mitochondrial depolarization associated with a delayed increase in oxidation of HEt to ethidium, presumably indicating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We show here that repeated SLEs led to a decline in intracellular and intramitochondrial Ca2+ signals despite unaltered Ca2+ influx. Mitochondrial depolarization and the NAD(P)H signal became smaller during recurring SLEs. By contrast, the ethidium fluorescence increases remained constant or even increased from SLE to SLE. After about 15 SLEs, activity changed to continuous afterdischarges with steady depolarization of mitochondrial membranes. Staining with a cell-death marker, propidium iodide, indicated widespread cell damage after 2 hours of recurring SLEs. The free radical scavenger, α-tocopherol, protected the slice cultures against this damage and also reduced the ongoing impairment of NAD(P)H production. These findings suggest involvement of an ROS of mitochondrial origin in the epileptic cell damage and that free radical scavenging may prevent status epilepticus–induced cell loss.
Individual “alveolar phenotype” limits dimensions of lateral bone augmentation
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Lahoud Pierre , Teughels Wim , Cortellini Simone , Dhondt Rutger , Jacobs Reinhilde , Temmerman Andy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimAlveolar ridge resorption following tooth extraction often renders a lateral bone augmentation inevitable. Some patients, however, suffer from severe early (during graft healing, Eres) and/or late (during follow‐up, Lres) graft resorption. We explored the hypothesis that the “individual phenotypic dimensions” may partially explain the degree of such resorptions.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent a guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure were screened for inclusion according to the following criteria: (1) a relatively symmetrical maxillary arch; (2) an intact contra‐lateral alveolar bone dimension; (3) the availability of a pre‐operative cone‐beam CT (CBCT); (4) a CBCT taken immediately after GBR, and (5) at least one CBCT scan ≥6 months after surgery. CBCT scans from different timepoints were registered and imported into the Mimics software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Bone dimensions of the contra‐lateral site of the augmentation, representing the “individual phenotypical dimension (IPD) of the alveolar crest”, were superimposed on the augmented site and registered accordingly. As such, Eres and Lres could be measured over time, in relation to the IPD (in two dimensions; per millimetre apically from the alveolar crest, in the centre of the GBR), as well as in three dimensions (the entire GBR, 2 mm away from the mesial, distal, and apical border for standardization).ResultsA total of 17 patients (23 augmented sites) were included. After Eres, the outline of the augmentation was in general located ±1 mm outside the IPD, but ≥1.5 years after GBR, it further moved towards the IPD (85% within 0.5 mm distance).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the dimensions of a lateral bone augmentation are defined by the “individual phenotypic bone boundaries” of the patient.
Have extraction patterns in German adults with severe periodontitis changed between 2000 and 2010? Results from two cohort studies
Authors: Rug Joey , Holtfreter Birte , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether extraction thresholds in persons with severe periodontitis have changed between 2000 and 2010 and whether potential shifts have contributed to the reported decrease in tooth extractions in German adults over the last decades.Materials and MethodsData from two German population‐based cohort studies in Northeast Germany (Studies of Health in Pomerania; SHIP‐START [baseline 1997–2001; 11‐year follow‐up] and SHIP‐TREND [baseline 2008–2012; 7‐year follow‐up]) were used. In SHIP‐START (SHIP‐TREND), 522 (478) participants with severe periodontitis according to the CDC/AAP case definition were included. Patterns of maximum probing depth (PD) and maximum clinical attachment level (CAL) for retained and extracted teeth were compared between SHIP‐START and SHIP‐TREND participants.ResultsNo major differences in patterns of baseline maximum CAL of retained or extracted teeth were detected between SHIP‐START and SHIP‐TREND. Extraction thresholds were identified at the baseline at maximum CAL ≥6 and ≥9 mm. Tooth‐level incidence rates for extraction for baseline maximum CAL of 6 mm were comparable between SHIP‐START and SHIP‐TREND (17.1 vs. 15.9 events per 1000 person‐years).ConclusionsAfter a decade, teeth in persons with severe periodontitis were still undergoing extraction with minor or moderate attachment loss. A change in extraction pattern did not contribute to the higher tooth retention rate.
First Language Literacy and Second Language Oracy: A Partial Replication of Foster and Skehan (1996)
Authors: Ryan Jonathon , Foster Pauline , Fester Anthea , Wang Yi , Field Jenny , Kearney Celine , Yap Jia Rong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article responds to calls for greater inclusivity in second language acquisition research and, more specifically, to calls to explore further the impact of first language literacy on second language oracy (e.g., Tarone et al., 2009). We conducted a partial replication of Foster and Skehan's (1996) influential study of task complexity, planning time, and performance over measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. The initial study and others had provided robust evidence to suggest that planning time had a positive impact on task performance, particularly for more cognitively demanding tasks. We conducted our replication with adult second language learners with low first language literacy, most of whom were former refugees. Contrary to previous studies, the findings indicate little to no evidence that planning time led to improved linguistic performance. It is not immediately clear why this should be so, and our findings highlight the need for further research with this underrepresented group.
A case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease responsive to systemic corticosteroids
Authors: Rai Ekra , Kamzan Audrey , Boozalis Emily , Hogeling Marcia , Fong Kelly 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFebrile ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann disease (FUMHD) is a rare, potentially fatal subtype of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). Herein, we present a rare case of a 14‐year‐old male without significant past medical history who was diagnosed with FUMHD without a clear inciting factor. He was effectively treated with systemic corticosteroids with complete resolution of symptoms.
Measuring policy analytical capacity in renewable energy policy: Germany‐Japan‐US comparison
Authors: Sugiyama Masahiro , Muto Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolicy makers in the modern age must confront complex and expanding knowledge on a daily basis. It has been put forth that policy making requires increasingly higher levels of policy analytical capacity at the individual, organizational, and system levels. Analytical capacity can enable better policy design and facilitate policy learning. Previous studies mostly operationalized the concept at the individual or organizational level with survey instruments, but the lack of widely and regularly conducted surveys limits the applicability of this method. Here, we propose new indicators of policy analytical capacity at the system level, using publicly available data. Our metrics are based on the outputs such as academic journal publications, government and stakeholder publications, and think‐tank rankings. As an illustration, we apply this approach to the case of renewable energy policies in three countries: Germany, Japan, and the United States. Though each of the underlying metrics is susceptible to uncertainties and biases, a totality of the indicators presents a useful, proxy measurement of policy analytical capacity. The proposed approach can supplement the survey method by enabling longitudinal and geographical investigation into policy analytical capacity.
Highly religious young Catholics in Northern Ireland: Renewing the Catholic landscape?
Authors: Ganiel Gladys 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores findings from a 2022 survey of students associated with the Catholic Chaplaincy at Queen's University, Belfast. It is the first study to investigate the beliefs, practices, and experiences of highly religious young Catholics in Northern Ireland. It presents survey findings on beliefs, practices, and influences on faith; dynamics of increased religiosity; and views on Church teachings on same sex relationships, euthanasia, sexual relationships, and abortion. Women are more likely to disagree with Church teachings on these issues than men. The survey confirms the importance of family socialization but finds that a substantial minority experience religious change at university. Respondents prioritize renewal but disagree on how to prompt it: some advocate greater ‘openness’ to women, LGBTQ+, and others perceived as marginalized; and others feel ‘evangelization’ should be emphasized. ‘Post‐secular Catholicism’ is used as a foundation for reflections on religious persistence among Northern Ireland's young Catholics, raising questions about their potential role in renewing Ireland's Catholic landscape in light of the synodal process underway in the Church.
Revealing the spatiotemporal characteristics of the general public's panic levels during the pandemic crisis in China
Authors: Chen Yuanyi , Liu Yi , Yan Yingwei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe existing crisis management research mostly reveals the patterns of the public's panic levels from the perspectives of public management, sociology, and psychology, only a few studies have revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics. Therefore, this study investigates the spatial distribution and temporal patterns and influencing factors on the general public's panic levels using the Baidu Index data from a geographic perspective. The results show that: (1) The public's panic levels were significantly correlated with the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region of investigation, and with the number of confirmed cases in different regions when the pandemic began to spread. (2) Based on the spatial distance between the epicenter and the region, the public's panic levels in different regions could be divided into three segments: core segment (0–500 km), buffer segment (500–1300 km), and peripheral segment (>1300 km). The panic levels of different people in the three segments were consistent with the Psychological Typhoon Eye Effect and the Ripple Effect can be detected in the buffer segment. (3) The public's panic levels were strongly correlated with whether the spread of the infectious disease crisis occurred and how long it lasted. It is suggested that crisis information management in the future needs to pay more attention to the spatial division of control measures. The type of crisis information released to the general public should depend on the spatial relationship associated with the place where the crisis breaks out.
IFT20 Confers Paclitaxel Resistance by Triggering β-arrestin-1 to Modulate ASK1 Signaling in Breast Cancer
Authors: Qiu Ni , Jin Huan , Cui Lulu , Zhan Yong-tao , Xia Hao-ming , Jiang Ming , Zhou Jie , Liang Hong-ling , Ao Xiang , He Zhi-min , Li Hong-sheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSystem paclitaxel-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment regimen of defense against breast cancer, but inherent or acquired chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle in breast cancer therapy. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance is essential to improve the outcome of patients with breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that intraflagellar transport 20 (IFT20) is positively associated with shorter relapse-free survival in patients with system paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. High-expressed IFT20 in breast cancer cells increases resistance to cell death upon paclitaxel treatment; in contrast, IFT20 knockdown enhances apoptosis in breast cancer cells in response to paclitaxel. Mechanistically, IFT20 triggers β-arrestin-1 to bind with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and promotes the ubiquitination of ASK1 degradation, leading to attenuating ASK1 signaling and its downstream JNK cascades, which helps cells to escape from cell death during paclitaxel treatment. Our results reveal that IFT20 drives paclitaxel resistance through modulating ASK1 signaling and identifies IFT20 as a potential molecular biomarker for predicting the response to paclitaxel therapeutic in breast cancer.Implications:IFT20 drives paclitaxel resistance through modulating ASK1 signaling and IFT20 may act as a potential molecular biomarker for predicting the response to paclitaxel therapeutic in breast cancer.