bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leptosphaeria maculans isolates with variations in AvrLm1 and AvrLm4 effector genes induce differences in defence responses but not in resistance phenotypes in cultivars carrying the Rlm7 gene
Authors: Stotz Henrik Uwe , Ali Ajisa Muthayil , de Lope Lucia Robado , Rafi Mohammed Sajid , Mitrousia Georgia Konstantinou , Huang Yong‐Ju , Fitt Bruce David Ledger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe phoma stem canker pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans is one of the most widespread and devastating pathogens of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the world. Pathogen colonization is stopped by an interaction of a pathogen Avr effector gene with the corresponding host resistance (R) gene. While molecular mechanisms of this gene‐for‐gene interaction are being elucidated, understanding of effector function remains limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the action of L. maculans effector (AvrLm) genes on incompatible interactions triggered by B. napus noncorresponding R (Rlm) genes. Specifically, effects of AvrLm4‐7 and AvrLm1 on Rlm7‐mediated resistance were studied.RESULTSAlthough there was no major effect on symptom expression, induction of defence genes (e.g. PR1) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species was reduced when B. napus cv. Excel carrying Rlm7 was challenged with a L. maculans isolate containing AvrLm1 and a point mutation in AvrLm4‐7 (AvrLm1, avrLm4‐AvrLm7) compared to an isolate lacking AvrLm1 (avrLm1, AvrLm4‐AvrLm7). AvrLm7‐containing isolates, isogenic for presence or absence of AvrLm1, elicited similar symptoms on hosts with or without Rlm7, confirming results obtained with more genetically diverse isolates.CONCLUSIONCareful phenotypic examination of isogenic L. maculans isolates and B. napus introgression lines demonstrated a lack of effect of AvrLm1 on Rlm7‐mediated resistance despite an apparent alteration of the Rlm7‐dependent defence response using more diverse fungal isolates with differences in AvrLm1 and AvrLm4. As deployment of Rlm7 resistance in crop cultivars increases, other effectors need to be monitored because they may alter the predominance of AvrLm7. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
No life‐history cost of tebufenozide resistance in the smaller tea tortrix moth
Authors: Lee Tingyat M , Smith R A , Nelson William A , Day Troy , Sato Yasushi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTebufenozide is widely used to control populations of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai. However, A. honmai has evolved resistance such that straightforward pesticide application is an untenable long‐term approach for population control. Evaluating the fitness cost of resistance is key to devising a management strategy that slows the evolution of resistance.RESULTSWe used three approaches to assess the life‐history cost of tebufenozide resistance with two strains of A. honmai: a tebufenozide‐resistant strain recently collected from the field in Japan and a susceptible strain that has been maintained in the laboratory for decades. First, we found that the resistant strain with standing genetic variation did not decline in resistance in the absence of insecticide over four generations. Second, we found that genetic lines that spanned a range of resistance profiles did not show a negative correlation between their LD50, the dosage at which 50 % of individuals died, and life‐history traits that are correlates of fitness. Third, we found that the resistant strain did not manifest life‐history costs under food limitation. Our crossing experiments indicate that the allele at an ecdysone receptor locus known to confer resistance explained much of the variance in resistance profiles across genetic lines.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that the point mutation in the ecdysone receptor, which is widespread in tea plantations in Japan, does not carry a fitness cost in the tested laboratory conditions. The absence of a cost of resistance and the mode of inheritance have implications for which strategies may be effective in future resistance management efforts. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Adaptive control of nonlinear impulsively coupled complex networks with mismatching conditions
Authors: Li Liangliang , Jiang Wenlin , Tu Zhengwen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of the adaptive control of nonlinear impulsively coupled complex networks. Firstly, a class of adaptive controllers are designed for the nonlinear impulsive differential equations, where the nonlinear function can be decomposed into matching condition and mismatching condition. Secondly, combining with Lasalle invariant set theorem, Schur complement theorem and some inequality techniques, we consider the synchronization of impulsively coupled complex networks via the general adaptive control. Moreover, this paper proposes the pinning adaptive synchronization results for impulsive dynamical complex networks. Finally, the proposed results are verified by some examples in which simulations are available for comparison.
Mussel‐Inspired, Underwater Self‐Healing Ionoelastomers Based on α‐Lipoic Acid for Iontronics
Authors: Gao Jiaxiang , Zhang Qing , Wu Bo , Gao Xiaodan , Liu Zhengyuan , Yang Haoyu , Yuan Jikang , Huang Jijun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWeak adhesion and lack of underwater self‐healability hinder advancing soft iontronics particularly in wet environments like sweaty skin and biological fluids. Mussel‐inspired, liquid‐free ionoelastomers are reported based on seminal thermal ring‐opening polymerization of a biomass molecule of α‐lipoic acid (LA), followed by sequentially incorporating dopamine methacrylamide as a chain extender, N,N′‐bis(acryloyl) cystamine, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide (LiTFSI). The ionoelastomers exhibit universal adhesion to 12 substrates in both dry and wet states, superfast self‐healing underwater, sensing capability for monitoring human motion, and flame retardancy. The underwater self‐repairabilitiy prolongs over three months without deterioration, and sustains even when mechanical properties greatly increase. The unprecedented underwater self‐mendability benefits synergistically from the maximized availability of dynamic disulfide bonds and diverse reversible noncovalent interactions endowed by carboxylic groups, catechols, and LiTFSI, along with the prevented depolymerization by LiTFSI and tunability in mechanical strength. The ionic conductivity reaches 1.4 × 10−6–2.7 × 10−5 S m−1 because of partial dissociation of LiTFSI. The design rationale offers a new route for creating a wide range of LA‐ and sulfur‐derived supramolecular (bio)polymers with superior adhesion, healability, and other functionalities, and thus has technological implications for coatings, adhesives, binders and sealants, biomedical engineering and drug delivery, wearable and flexible electronics, and human–machine interfaces.
Fast number parsing without fallback
Authors: Mushtak Noble , Lemire Daniel 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIn recent work, Lemire (2021) presented a fast algorithm to convert number strings into binary floating‐point numbers. The algorithm has been adopted by several important systems: for example, it is part of the runtime libraries of GCC 12, Rust 1.55, and Go 1.16. The algorithm parses any number string with a significand containing no more than 19 digits into an IEEE floating‐point number. However, there is a check leading to a fallback function to ensure correctness. This fallback function is never called in practice. We prove that the fallback is unnecessary. Thus we can slightly simplify the algorithm and its implementation.
Resiliency of Apache Trout habitats in a warmer and drier climate future
Authors: Dauwalter Daniel C. , Gonzalez Rosalinda , Gatewood Tim , Beard Zachary S. , Jackson Zachary 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Southwest has the hottest and driest climate in the United States, and projections show that it will only get hotter and drier into the 2100s. The Apache Trout Oncorhynchus apache is native to the Southwest and is currently listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Our goals were to understand how climate factors influence the distribution of juvenile Apache Trout (&lt;125 mm TL) and how climate change will influence the suitability of Apache Trout habitat into the 2080s.

Methods
We used a species distribution model to evaluate how climatic and other factors influence the distribution of juvenile Apache Trout. We used predictions from the model to evaluate how climate change might impact the suitability of streams designated for recovery of the species into the 2080s.

Result
Juvenile Apache Trout occurrence was predicted well by mean July stream temperature (°C), mean annual precipitation (dm), stream slope (%), and the presence of nonnative trout (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.85). Standardized parameter estimates showed that Rainbow Trout O. mykiss presence and annual precipitation influenced occupancy the most. Model predictions for the 2080s showed suitable habitat (occurrence probability ≥ 0.25) to increase for 11 (of 45) Apache Trout streams in the increased temperature (+3°C) only scenario (scenario 1), as headwater reaches that are currently too cold warmed to become more suitable. When we also included projected declines in annual precipitation (−5%) for the 2080s (scenario 2), the amount of suitable habitat decreased for eight Apache Trout streams and remained unchanged in all other streams.

Conclusion
Most Apache Trout populations are isolated upstream of barriers to nonnative trout in stream reaches that are currently thermally suitable with respect to mean July temperatures and would remain suitable into the 2080s. Cold headwater reaches are projected to warm, becoming more suitable in the 2080s. Thus, intentional isolation and the resultant truncated downstream distributions of Apache Trout populations in headwater streams explain the nominal effect of projected temperature increases due to climate change on this cold-adapted salmonid. Standardized model parameters suggest that future declines in precipitation, manifested through reduced snowpack and its influence on streamflows, will play a larger role than temperature in the suitability—and, thus, resiliency—of Apache Trout habitats at least into the 2080s.
A novel phytic acid based flame retardant to improve flame retardancy, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of linear low‐density polyethylene
Authors: Feng Xi , Wang Zhengyu , Ma Hongli , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExploiting high phosphorus content of phytic acid, it was grafted onto magnesium hydroxide (MH) by neutralization reaction to obtain MGPA, a flame retardant. A current study investigated the effect of MGPA on hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of MGPA‐linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites. The LLDPE composite with 50 parts of MGPA has the better flame retardancy and thermal stability with a limiting oxygen index of 23.3%, which is higher than that of neat LLDPE (17%). In addition, MGPA could effectively promoted LLDPE to form a continuous and compact char residue during combustion, which reduce the peak of heat release rate and total smoke production value of LLDPE composite by 70% and 36%, respectively, and the char residue rate increase to 67.5%. Furthermore, the maximum of loss‐rate showed by LLDPE composite with MGPA reduce to 1.25%/min while the value of LLDPE composite with MH is 1.8%/min. Meanwhile, the LLDPE composite with MGPA show remarkable elongation at break and hydrophobicity, which are 398% and 99°, respectively. In addition, this study presents a substantial flame retardancy and interfacial compatibility of MGPA for extending the applications of flame‐retardant LLDPE composites.
Introduction: The Digital Polis and Its Practices—Beyond Gated Communities
Authors: Chung Heewon , Kim Kon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of the ‘digital polis’ as the focus of this edited collection, which investigates the idea along the dimensions of subjectivity and reality as well as in terms of exclusion and cooperation in communities across physical and virtual urban spaces. Tracing back to Mumford’s description of the city as media and its development by Kittler, the chapter launches the ‘digital polis’ as a key concept underpinning a new theoretical framework that brings to the fore the (re)production of power, knowledge, and space by physically and virtually networked communities, thereby expanding the scope of research for Urban Humanities in contemporary urban environments. The questions we explore in the book revolve around how people, urban spaces, and technologies relate to and affect each other in an urban future. With the advent of a digital divide that produces cyberspace as a kind of gated community, what will our urban future be like? What is the ‘digital polis’ and what kinds of new subjectivity does it produce? How do digital technology and its virtuality reshape the city and our spatial awareness of it? What kinds of exclusion and cooperation are at work in communities and spaces in the digital age? This introduction helps readers navigate the following chapters to open avenues for research and to build new discourses on the ‘digital polis’ as the grounds for a genuinely humanizing urbanism in latent futures, or in other words, futures in the making that are ‘on the way’.
Newton-Like Components in the Chebyshev–Halley Family of Degree n Polynomials
Authors: Paraschiv Dan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the Chebyshev–Halley methods applied to the family of polynomials$$f_{n,c}(z)=z^n+c$$fn,c(z)=zn+c, for$$n\ge 2$$n≥2and$$c\in \mathbb {C}^{*}$$c∈C∗. We prove the existence of parameters such that the immediate basins of attraction corresponding to the roots of unity are infinitely connected. We also prove that, for$$n \ge 2$$n≥2, the corresponding dynamical plane contains a connected component of the Julia set, which is a quasiconformal deformation of the Julia set of the map obtained by applying Newton’s method to$$f_{n,-1}$$fn,-1.
Opportunities and barriers for prehospital emergency medical services research in the Netherlands; results of a mixed-methods consensus study
Authors: Vianen Niek J. , Maissan Iscander M. , den Hartog Dennis , Stolker Robert J. , Houmes Robert J. , Gommers Diederik A. M. P. J. , Van Meeteren Nico L. U. , Hoeks Sanne E. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Van Vledder Mark G. ,   the Dutch Opportunities & Barriers in EMS research group, Alsma Jelmer , Baden David N. , Bevelander Timo , Bierens Joost , Bollen Jan , Bosch Jan , Dercksen Bert , Duvekot Johannes J. , Gaakeer Menno I. , van Geffen Geert-Jan , Geurts Dorien H. F. , van Grunsven Pierre M. , van Heijl Mark , van ’t Hof Arnoud , Hollmann Markus W. , Hoogerwerf Nico , Huig Isabelle C. , Kooij Fabian , de Leeuw Marcel A. , van der Marel Caroline D. , Morsink Marlies , Noordergraaf Gerrit J. , van de Pas Harm , Peters Joost H. , Poeze Martijn , Richelle Paul , Roozenbeek Bob , Schober Patrick , Schoonhoven Lisette , van Schuppen Hans , Siegers Arjen , Tibboel Dick , Tolsma Rudolf T. , Turner Nigel M. , de Visser Matthijs , Vloet Lilian C. M. , de Vos Ronald , van Wageningen Bas , van der Weerd Angelique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Quality improvement in prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) can only be achieved by high-quality research and critical appraisal of current practices. This study examines current opportunities and barriers in EMS research in the Netherlands.

Methods
This mixed-methods consensus study consisted of three phases. The first phase consisted of semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders. Thematic analysis of qualitative data derived from these interviews was used to identify main themes, which were subsequently discussed in several online focus groups in the second phase. Output from these discussions was used to shape statements for an online Delphi consensus study among relevant stakeholders in EMS research. Consensus was met if 80% of respondents agreed or disagreed on a particular statement.

Results
Forty-nine stakeholders participated in the study; qualitative thematic analysis of the interviews and focus group discussions identified four main themes: (1) data registration and data sharing, (2) laws and regulations, (3) financial aspects and funding, and (4) organization and culture. Qualitative data from the first two phases of the study were used to construct 33 statements for an online Delphi study. Consensus was reached on 21 (64%) statements. Eleven (52%) of these statements pertained to the storage and use of EMS patient data.

Conclusion
Barriers for prehospital EMS research in the Netherlands include issues regarding the use of patient data, privacy and legislation, funding and research culture in EMS organizations. Opportunities to increase scientific productivity in EMS research include the development of a national strategy for EMS data and the incorporation of EMS topics in research agendas of national medical professional associations.
The Blinded-Dose Purchase Task: assessing hypothetical demand based on cocaine, methamphetamine, and alcohol administration
Authors: Berry Meredith S. , Naudé Gideon P. , Johnson Patrick S. , Johnson Matthew W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Behavioral economic drug purchase tasks quantify the reinforcing value of a drug (i.e., demand). Although widely used to assess demand, drug expectancies are rarely accounted for and may introduce variability across participants given diverse drug experiences.

Objectives
Three experiments validated and extended previous hypothetical purchase tasks by using blinded drug dose as a reinforcing stimulus, and determined hypothetical demand for experienced effects while controlling for drug expectancies.

Methods
Across three double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject experiments, cocaine (0, 125, 250 mg/70 kg; n=12), methamphetamine (0, 20, 40 mg; n=19), and alcohol (0, 1 g/kg alcohol; n=25) were administered and demand was assessed using the Blinded-Dose Purchase Task. Participants answered questions regarding simulated purchasing of the blinded drug dose across increasing prices. Demand metrics, subjective effects, and self-reported real-world monetary spending on drugs were evaluated.

Results
Data were well modeled by the demand curve function, with significantly higher intensity (purchasing at low prices) for active drug doses compared to placebo for all experiments. Unit-price analyses revealed more persistent consumption across prices (lower α) in the higher compared to lower active dose condition for methamphetamine (a similar non-significant finding emerged for cocaine). Significant associations between demand metrics, peak subjective effects, and real-world spending on drugs also emerged across all experiments.

Conclusions
Orderly demand curve data revealed differences across drug and placebo conditions, and relations to real-world measures of drug spending, and subjective effects. Unit-price analyses enabled parsimonious comparisons across doses. Results lend credence to the validity of the Blinded-Dose Purchase Task, which allows for control of drug expectancies.
Conditional alternative movement tactics in male crocodiles
Authors: Barham Kaitlin E. , Baker Cameron J. , Franklin Craig E. , Campbell Hamish A. , Frére Celine H. , Irwin Terri R. , Dwyer Ross G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In species where conflict is costly, individuals adopt alternative movement tactics to minimise the risk of competitive interactions. Dominant males often maintain defined territories, while less competitive males may be forced to adopt alternative tactics to maximise fitness and reduce conflict. However, the extent to which males switch tactics according to current social or physiological status is poorly understood. Using implanted acoustic tags and a fixed array of tracking receivers, we investigated how the behaviour of 78 male estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) shifted over an 11-year period in relation to ontogeny, body condition, and the extent of physical injuries. We discovered that male crocodiles sorted into three common movement classes, with 51% of males maintaining the same movement class across consecutive years (max = 9 years). Males > 4 m in total length maintained confined territories both within and across years and had the greatest extent of injuries and the highest condition score, indicative of territory holders. In contrast, smaller males sorted into high movement roamer or low movement site-philopatric tactics, where the tactic an individual adopted was less stable between years and did not correlate with condition or external injuries. Our study reveals the socio-biological mechanisms by which estuarine crocodiles coexist within a restricted habitat.

Significance statement
Identifying individual-level differences in movement helps us predict which individuals are more likely to be involved in human-wildlife interactions. However, studying long-term shifts in movement is challenging, as large datasets of co-occurring individuals tracked in their natural environment over multiple years are required. We tracked a population of 78 male estuarine crocodiles (1030–4687 mm total length) in a shared environment over 11 years and assessed how eight movement traits were linked to body size and physical condition. At the population level, males sorted into different movement tactics according to ontogeny, with large territorial males having better body condition yet a greater incidence of injury. However, 49% of males showed variability across years, suggesting that tactics were conditional relative to environmental variability and a male’s own status. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms and costs of movement tactics in wild crocodile populations.
Exploring prehistoric plant use by molecular analyses of Neolithic grave goods
Authors: D’Agostino Alessia , Di Marco Gabriele , Rolfo Mario Federico , Canini Antonella , Gismondi Angelo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt the site of Grotta Mora Cavorso (Lazio, Italy), an unusual archaeological find, made of two coarse pottery vessels, was recovered from burial levels radiocarbon dated to 6,405–6,275 bp. These artefacts were analysed using several methods, for interpretation of the cultural practices of the earliest inhabitants in central Italy. This first molecular evidence about the potential processing and storage of poppy-based products in Neolithic pottery was obtained by detecting ancient DNA (aDNA) and chemical compounds. This study represents the second evidence from the Mediterranean area of the use of Papaver L. (poppies), although the actual use(s) of these plants then, for example as sedatives, drugs, or food, remains uncertain. Also, the employment of Olea europaea L. (olive) derivatives in foods or for other purposes was suggested, in agreement with the recovery of fruit stones at the site. The results of the present archaeobotanical investigation show the environmental knowledge of the first prehistoric communities living in central Italy, who might have shared their ethnobotanical practices.