bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voluntary and involuntary motor behaviours in the varieties of religious experience
Authors: Ganos Christos , Ferguson Michael , Gray Kurt , Lees Andrew , Bhatia Kailash P , Haggard Patrick 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Religion is a widespread feature of human life. Religions typically include both distinctive varieties of experience, and also a set of foundational beliefs. An additional, but often overlooked, part of many religions is their expression through specific actions, which we here designate religious motor behaviours. Here we describe these religious motor behaviours, and offer a taxonomy based on the conceptual schemes of movement neuroscience and neurology. Thus, religious rituals include both behaviours characterised by decreased motor output (e.g., ritualistic silence), and behaviours characterised by increased motor output (e.g., ritual dances). Neurology often also distinguishes between movements that are experienced as voluntary or involuntary. We show that this same distinction can also apply to religious experiences, since these may be characterised either by a heightened sense of personal control, or a sense of being controlled by an external, divine source. We then use these conceptual structures of movement neuroscience to investigate examples from a wide range of religious contexts. We thereby categorise religious motor behaviours into different classes, focussing on specific examples: repetitive ritual actions; motor behaviours where the experience of volition is altered, such as automatisms; and possession-like states. We suggest that a scientific approach to these behaviours should include their predominant phenomenological presentation, the accompanying subjective experience of volition, and the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. This investigation shows rich parallels between religious motor behaviours and motor behaviours observed in neurological disorders, including those that present with functional neurological symptoms. Our approach does not and should not pathologise religious motor behaviours, but rather draws attention to a rich set of non-clinical motor phenomena that highlight important social, cultural and psychological elements of human movement control. Movement neuroscience and religious activity have unexplored overlaps and can usefully learn from each other.
Wild bees show local spatial and temporal dynamics in southeastern US blueberry farmscapes
Authors: Rezende Sarah M , Pennisi Svoboda V , Gariepy Tara , Querejeta Marina , Ulyshen Michael , Schmidt Jason M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wild bee communities are the target of various conservation and ecological restoration programs. Strategic conservation can influence bee communities visiting fields and help mitigate pollinator limitations in fruit production. However, planning compatible conservation strategies and gauging their effectiveness requires understanding how local communities vary across space and time in crops and adjacent semi-natural areas. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal changes in the composition of wild bee communities in blueberry fields and adjacent forests. In partnership with commercial farms in southeast Georgia, USA, we deployed blue vane traps at the interior and edge of blueberry fields and within adjacent forests of 8 fields, from March to October over 2 yr. We identified 72 wild bee species across 26 genera. The most common were Melissodes communis (Cresson, Hymenoptera: Apidae), Bombus bimaculatus (Cresson, Apidae), Melissodes bimaculatus (Lepeletier), Ceratina floridana (Mitchell, Apidae), Lasioglossum pectorale (Smith, Halictidae), and Lasioglossum nymphale (Smith), which accounted for nearly 60% of the wild bees caught. Bee diversity and richness fluctuated over time, with peaks in all 3 habitat types occurring after the blueberry blooming. Bee abundance in the adjacent forest was relatively constant throughout the season, while in the field interior and edge assemblages, abundance peaked between May and June. We observed dissimilarity in species composition related to month and field location. This difference was explained by fluctuation in the identity and relative abundance of the most abundant species. Together, our study advances foundational knowledge of wild bee community dynamics and species identity in blueberry fields which will help inform and prioritize conservation practices.
The Doctrine of Equivalents at the Unified Patent Court: A Comparative Analysis of the Main EPC Jurisdictions and a Shot at Harmonization
Authors: Borgogni Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this analysis is to offer insights on how the recently established Unified Patent Court (‘UPC’) – particularly the Court of Appeal in Luxembourg – might apply the Doctrine of Equivalents (‘DoE’). The answer to this question will affect, in a concrete manner, the scope of protection of most patents (with the exception of national patents) litigated in countries subject to the UPC and greatly influence members of the broader EPC, with evident practical consequences. Specifically, the following work seeks to address this query by looking in turn at the policy considerations underlying the DoE, at the legal framework binding the UPC, and at the jurisprudence on the DoE of the main EPC countries (in order: Germany, UK, France, The Netherlands and Italy). Finally, drawing from the above findings, a number of informed assumptions are made, setting out what is most likely to be expected from the UPC.
Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review
Authors: Hirsch Caroline , Kreuzberger Nina , Skoetz Nicole , Monsef Ina , Kluge Stefan , Spinner Christoph D , Malin Jakob J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID-19) in immunocompromised patients is characterized by unspecific symptoms and pulmonary infiltrates due to ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. Treatment options remain unclear, leading to different approaches, including combination therapy and extended durations. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for pCOVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE and Scopus from 1 January 2022 to 6 August 2024 for cohort studies and case series on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, ensitrelvir and molnupiravir. Evidence certainty was rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation for outcomes including viral clearance, recurrence/relapse, mortality, adverse events (AEs) and symptom resolution.

Results
Thirteen studies involving 127 cases were included. Evidence certainty was very low. In combination therapy with at least two direct antiviral agents, viral clearance was 79%, with a 16% recurrence rate. All-cause mortality was 9%, and mortality was 6% while SARS-CoV-2 positive. In 47 cases, AEs were reported in 11%. Symptom resolution ranged from 3 to 6 days in two studies. In combination therapy with one direct antiviral agent and passive immunization, viral clearance was 89%, with an 11% recurrence rate and no deaths. In four documented cases, no AEs were observed. In monotherapy, viral clearance was 100%, with a 15% recurrence rate. One death, unrelated to SARS-CoV-2, occurred. In 12 documented cases, no AEs were observed.

Conclusions
Based on very low certainty evidence, combining one direct antiviral with passive immunization resulted in high rates of viral clearance and few recurrences. AEs occurred in cases treated with at least two direct antivirals. Controlled studies are needed.
Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 on the fecal pH, markers of gut permeability, fecal microbiota, and markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary horses fed a high-starch diet
Authors: Carter M M , Leatherwood J L , Paris B L , Moore G E , George J M , Martinez R E , Karges K , Cox J R , Arnold C E , Glass K G , Bradbery A N , Rodiles A , Wickersham T A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Thirty mature Quarter Horse geldings were used in a completely randomized 32-d study to test the hypotheses that supplemental live Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 improves apparent digestion, stabilizes the fecal pH, reduces gut permeability, maintains microbial communities, and decreases inflammation in horses fed a high-starch diet. Horses were stratified by body weight, age, and body condition score (BCS) to one of two treatments: concentrate formulated with 2g starch • kg BW-1 • meal-1 (CON; n=15) or the same concentrate top-dressed with 25g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (SC; n=15; 8×108 CFU). Horses were fed individually in stalls every 12h. Between meals, horses were housed in dry lots with ad libitum access to water and Coastal bermudagrass hay. On d0 and 32, BW and BCS were recorded, and blood was collected before feeding and 2, 8, 16, and 24 h postmeal on d32 to analyze serum D-lactate. Fecal samples were collected on d0, 16, and 32 at 8, 16, and 24h post-meal for fecal pH and starch content. Intake and fecal production were recorded over 4-d to measure digestibility on d28-31. Whole blood total bacterial counts and 16S fecal microbiota rRNA sequencing were performed at d0, 16, and 32. Results revealed an increased ∆BW in SC horses compared with CON horses (P=0.03), with no change in BCS (P=0.97). D-lactate tended to be greater in SC horses on d32 at 16 and 24h post-meal compared with CON horses (P=0.10). Concentrations of TNFα and LogCCL2 decreased from d0 to d 32 regardless of dietary supplementation (P≤0.02). Fold change of percent reads from d0 in whole blood bacterial 16S rRNA did not differ between groups. Fecal starch was undetectable, and there were no differences in intake or apparent digestibility. Fecal pH tended (P=0.07) to be lower in CON at 0h on d32 (6.03 ± 0.06) than d16 (6.14 ± 0.06). Additionally, pH tended (P=0.09) to be lower in CON (6.03 ± 0.06) than SC (6.16 ± 0.06) at 0h on d32. Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 maintained Bacteroidales and reduced acidosis-like bacteria like Streptococcus and potential pathogens like Enterobacteriaceae, Stenotrophomonas, and Rhodococcus at d16 (P&lt;0.05). Further, supplementation increased fibrolytic bacteria at d32, such as Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, and Succinivibrio (P&lt;0.05). These results indicate Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 increases BW and promotes a more diverse microbiome when hoses are fed ad libitum hay and a high-starch concentrate.
Bladder wash: a proof of concept as an alternative specimen for postmortem toxicology
Authors: Rodda Luke N , Candela Kylie E , Hart Amy P , Moffatt Ellen G , Farley Megan C , Sue Pearring , Scott Karen S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In postmortem forensic investigation cases where the bladder is voided or dehydrated prior to autopsy, it is possible to wash the bladder with saline to collect the “bladder wash” and any residual urine for toxicological analysis. While not conventional, this study aims to determine the use of bladder washes as alternative specimens in postmortem forensic toxicology. Comprehensive drug and alcohol analysis was performed on blood, urine, vitreous humor, and bladder wash samples. Control studies consisted of matched bladder wash and urine samples for comparison. Authentic applicability studies were performed on bladder wash samples in cases where only blood or no urine samples were available. Bladder wash testing via the routine urine methodology was shown to have the appropriate sensitivity and specificity to serve as an alternative specimen. Specificity of the applicability studies was further improved when comparisons were corrected by evaluating individual analytes jointly with their related parent drug or metabolites. Individual and corrected sensitivity and specificity rates of above 99% were typically observed in both comparisons against urine and blood paired samples. Following drug analysis of 31 cases in which only a bladder wash was available, 57 detections from 23 different analytes were detected that otherwise would not have been obtained. This study demonstrates that standardized collection of the easily accessible bladder wash for postmortem toxicological analysis serves forensic toxicologists and pathologists with invaluable information where urine or other biological specimens are not available.
The Newport Manual: The new kid on the block on the laws of naval warfare
Authors: Fink Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Newport Manual on the law of Naval Warfare, prepared by a group of naval law experts, is a new publication that helps navigate what the law is in naval warfare. This is helpful because this area of the laws of armed conflict has always been in an ever-existent state of crisis. The Newport Manual touches on a number of topical issues, discusses subjects that have not been dealt with in the form of an expert manual, and contains a critical view towards the San Remo Manual on the International law Applicable to Armed Conflicts at Sea. This article discusses the background and aim of the Newport Manual, compares the main differences between the Newport Manual and the San Remo Manual, and highlights four other noteworthy issues in the Newport Manual.
Similar phylogeographic history in a fig species and its obligate pollinators forms parallel genetic structure
Authors: Liu Min , Huang Man-Juan , Kjellberg Finn , Chen Yan , Zhang Jian , Zhao Rui , Ding Yuan-Yuan , Yang Yang , Deng Jun-Yin , Jiang Kai , Li Yuan-Yuan , Tong Xin , Luo Tong , Wang Rong , Chen Xiao-Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Closely related and co-distributed species usually share a common phylogeographic history, but it is still largely unclear whether ecologically interacting species can respond synchronously to historical climate changes. Here, we focused on a fig-pollinator mutualism comprising Ficus pumila var. pumila and its obligate pollinators (morphospecies Wiebesia pumilae), and collected samples across most of their distribution ranges. We employed both cytoplasmic DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci to reveal the species composition within the pollinator and to test whether the two mutualists exhibited similar postglacial phylogeographic patterns. In the three cryptic pollinator species observed here, two dominant cryptic species were parapatric, covering the north and the south of the plant’s distribution range, respectively. Similar current spatial genetic structure was detected in the two dominant cryptic pollinator species and the plant, with an eastern and a western genetic cluster. Moreover, for these three species, evidence for postglacial expansion was found, and their potential refugia at the last glacial maximum were located in the east and the west of their distribution ranges. These results suggest their synchronous responses to historical climate changes. Our study therefore shows congruent phylogeographic patterns between obligate mutualists and highlight the role of biogeographic factors in shaping the current biodiversity across trophic levels.
Constructing merger trees of density peaks using phase-space watershed segmentation algorithm
Authors: Geda Robel , Teyssier Romain 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Structure identification in cosmological simulations plays an important role in analysing simulation outputs. The definition of these structures directly impacts the inferred properties derived from these simulations. This paper proposes a more straightforward definition and model of structure by focusing on density peaks rather than haloes and clumps. It introduces a new watershed algorithm that uses phase-space analysis to identify structures, especially in complex environments where traditional methods may struggle due to spatially overlapping structures. Additionally, a merger tree code is introduced to track density peaks across time-steps, making use of the boosted potential for identifying the most bound particles for each peak.
Occupation and 11-year lung function decline in the HUNT Study
Authors: Aarhus L , Skare Ø , Nordby K-C , Gulsvik A , Vikjord S , Hedman L , Langhammer A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The association between occupational titles and lung function has mostly been examined through cross-sectional studies. Preventive measures are expected to mitigate adverse effects; hence, updated estimates are necessary.

Aims
To study change in lung function measured by spirometry across occupations.

Methods
This population-based prospective cohort study comprised 5618 working adult participants of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3, 2005–07), Norway. Among these, 3800 individuals (43% men, mean age 42 years, range 20–55) also attended HUNT4 (2017–19). We analysed longitudinal decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) z-score during the 11-year follow-up by occupation (white-collar workers as reference category), in mixed models, adjusting for age, sex and smoking. We assessed the prevalence of self-reported respiratory symptoms and disease in the working population in HUNT4 (n = 32 124) and HUNT3 (n = 32 070).

Results
Compared with white-collar workers, agricultural workers and ‘drivers and mobile plant operators’, had larger declines in FEV1z-score during follow-up. In sex-stratified analyses, men defined as agricultural workers and ‘drivers and mobile plant operators’ had larger declines than white-collar workers. Among women, who were underrepresented in many blue-collar jobs, workers classified as ‘machine operators and assemblers’ experienced greater declines. In the working population in HUNT4, the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in connection with work was 8%, and lower among white-collar workers (6%) than blue-collar workers (14%).

Conclusions
Although certain workers in Norway remain at risk for occupational lung function decline, there were modest differences between occupations. The findings encourage continuous efforts to implement preventive measures in high-risk jobs.
Association Between Positive Airway Pressure Therapy and Healthcare Costs Among Older Adults with Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Common Chronic Conditions: An Actuarial Analysis
Authors: Wickwire Emerson M , Fernandez Chris R , Huynh Nhan , Watson Nathaniel F , Duncan Ian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study objectives
To determine the association between adherence to positive airway pressure and healthcare costs among a national sample of older adults with comorbid OSA and common chronic conditions

Methods
Our data source was a random sample of Medicare administrative claims for years 2016-2019. Inclusion criteria included age &gt;65 years and new diagnosis of OSA. Exclusion criteria included evidence of prior OSA treatment during the 12 months prior to the index date, active cancer, or end-stage renal disease. OSA was defined using physician-assigned diagnostic codes. Common chronic conditions included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, depression, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and stroke. Based on Medicare policy, individuals were classified as adherers, non-adherers, or non-initiators. Risk adjustment was based on the CMS-HCC approach developed by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Service specifically to estimate anticipated costs. To examine the impact of PAP adherence on costs, we employed a weighted DID regression framework to account for baseline variations in health status and other confounding factors.

Results
Participants included 28,220 Medicare beneficiaries with comorbid OSA. Of these, 45% were adherent to PAP, 10% were non-adherent, and 44% did not initiate PAP. Relative to non-initiators, beneficiaries who initiated PAP displayed $195 reduced per-member per-month costs over 24 months. This finding remained consistent across all seven medical and psychiatric subgroups, as well as among individuals with multimorbidity.

Conclusions
In this national analysis of Medicare beneficiaries with common chronic conditions, PAP adherence was associated with reduced costs over 24 months.
Severity of Impaired Oxygenation and Conservative Oxygenation Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of the Oxy-PICU Trial of Conservative Oxygenation
Authors: Ray Samiran , Wiegand Martin , Gould Doug W. , Harrison David A. , Mouncey Paul R. , Peters Mark J. ,   on behalf of the Oxy-PICU Investigators of the United Kingdom Paediatric Critical Care Society Study Group
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
A conservative oxygenation strategy is recommended in adult and pediatric guidelines for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome to reduce iatrogenic lung damage. In the recently reported Oxy-PICU trial, targeting peripheral oxygen saturations (Spo
2) between 88% and 92% was associated with a shorter duration of organ support and greater survival, compared with Spo
2 greater than 94%, in mechanically ventilated children following unplanned admission to PICU. We investigated whether this benefit was greater in those who had severely impaired oxygenation at randomization.

Design:
Post hoc analysis of a pragmatic, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Fifteen PICUs across England and Scotland.

Patients:
Children between 38 weeks old corrected gestational age and 15 years accepted to a participating PICU as an unplanned admission and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with supplemental oxygen for abnormal gas exchange.

Interventions:
A mixed-effects ordinal regression model was used to explore the effect of severity of lung injury, dichotomized to an oxygen saturation index (OSI) less than 12 or greater than or equal to 12 at randomization, the trial group allocation, age, and Pediatric Index of Mortality-3 on the composite ordinal outcome measure of duration of organ support at day 30 and mortality, with death being the worst outcome. An interaction term was included to specifically understand the effect of trial arm allocation on those with and OSI less than 12 and OSI greater than or equal to 12.

Measurements and Main Results:
Data were available for 1775 of 1986 eligible children. Two hundred twelve of 1775 children had an OSI greater than or equal to 12 at randomization. The trial primary outcome did not vary significantly according to OSI category. Both children with OSI less than 12 (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.71–1.01) and OSI greater than or equal to 12 (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.49–1.84) benefited from conservative arm allocation, with relative benefit greater for those with an OSI less than 12.

Conclusions:
These data do not provide evidence that a conservative oxygenation strategy should be limited to mechanically ventilated children with severely impaired oxygenation.