bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of changes in soil temperature due to the application of rice straw mulch on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Pratama R R , Zaitun Z , Erika C , Ikhsan I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Climate change that occurs globally in agriculture causes fail crops production, causing losses for farmers. This loss can be minimized by using rice straw mulch to reduce soil temperature and protect the soil from direct solar radiation on lettuce land. This study will examine whether treatment with rice straw mulch can affect soil temperature in lettuce land. The research was conducted at Nudira Fresh Green House PT. Nudira Sumber Daya Indonesia, Warnasari Village, Pangalengan Subdistrict, Bandung District, West Java. This research was conducted from March 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022. The data of this study used a factorial 4 x 2 Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Factor I was the thickness of rice straw mulch 0 t ha−
1 (R0), 4 t ha−1 or 0.48 kg plot−1 (R1), 6 t ha−1 or 0.72 kg plot−1 (R2), and 8 t ha−1 or 0.96 kg plot−1 (R3) and factor II was the dose of cow manure (F1) and compost (F2) each 20 t ha−1 or 2.4 kg plot−1. The results showed that the application of rice straw mulch with the organic fertilizer has not significant effect on soil temperature in lettuce land. However, the application of rice straw mulch at a dose of 8 t ha−1 slightly better results in decreasing soil surface temperature at a depth of 0 cm, although not significantly different.
Analysis of Identification of Food Commodity Farmers’ Needs in utilizing Smart Farming Technology
Authors: Agussabti A , Rahmaddiansyah R , Farabi A Z , Munawar A A , Bagio B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Smart farming technology (SFT) is currently widely used by farmers around the world. Especially in Asia, the use of SFT is increasing. Before introducing SFT to farmers, it is necessary to research what kind of technology farmers need based on the commodities they cultivate. The research objectives are: (1) To find out the interest in the types of Smart Farming technology (SFT) for food commodity farmers in Aceh Province; and (2) To identify differences in interest between types of Smart Farming (SFT) technology by food commodity farmers in Aceh Province. This research was conducted in 2 districts of Aceh province, namely Bener Meriah and North Aceh. The research was carried out in January 2022. The method of determining the sample in this study uses a non-probability sampling method with quota sampling as a sampling technique. This study uses descriptive statistical methods, cross tabulation test analysis and the Kruskal Wallis test. The result is interest of food commodity farmers for each type of SFT is very varied. Corn and potato farmers are interested in 3 types of SFT Autonomous Machines, Recording/Mapping and FMIS/Apps. Paddy farmers are interested in 4 types of SFT, namely Autonomous Machines, Recording/Mapping, Tractor GPS/Connected Tools, and FMIS/Apps. The SFT in demand has significant differences for each food commodity farmer, such as Recording/Mapping and Tractor GPS/Connected Tools. For Autonomous Machines and FMIS/Apps, there are no significant differences in the interest of each food commodity farmer.
Blood flow characterization in nailfold capillary using optical flow-assisted two-stream network and spatial-temporal image
Authors: Chen Shupin , Wei Dan , Gu Shenming , Yang Zhangru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The blood flow velocity in the nailfold capillary is an important indicator of the status of microcirculation. The conventional manual processing method is both laborious and prone to human artifacts. A feasible way to solve this problem is to use machine learning to assist in image processing and diagnosis. Inspired by the Two-Stream Convolutional Networks, this study proposes an optical flow-assisted two-stream network to segment nailfold blood vessels. Firstly, we use U-Net as the spatial flow network and the dense optical flow as the temporal stream. The results show that the optical flow information can effectively improve the integrity of the segmentation of blood vessels. The overall accuracy is 94.01 %, the Dice score is 0.8099, the IoU score is 0.6806, and the VOE score is 0.3194. Secondly, The flow velocity of the segmented blood vessel is determined by constructing the spatial-temporal (ST) image. The blood flow velocity evaluated is consistent with the typical blood flow speed reported. This study proposes a novel two-stream network for blood vessel segmentation of nailfold capillary images. Combined with ST image and line detection method, it provides an effective workflow for measuring the blood flow velocity of nailfold capillaries.
Intramolecular proton transfer reaction dynamics using machine-learned ab initio potential energy surfaces
Authors: Raghunathan Shampa , Kashyap Nakirikanti Sai Ajay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen bonding interactions, which are central to various physicochemical processes, are investigated in the present study using ab initio-based machine learning potential energy surfaces. Abnormally strong intramolecular O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, occurring in β-diketone enols of malonaldehyde and its derivatives, with substituents ranging from various electron-withdrawing to electron-donating functional groups, are studied. Machine learning force fields were constructed using a kernel-based force learning model employing ab initio molecular dynamics reference data. These models were used for molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature, and dynamical properties were determined by computing proton transfer free-energy surfaces. The chemical systems studied here show progression toward barrier-less proton transfer events at an accuracy of correlated electronic structure methods. Markov state models of the conformational states indicate shorter intramolecular hydrogen bonds exhibiting higher proton transfer rates. We demonstrate how functional group substitution can modulate the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bonds by studying the thermodynamic and kinetic properties.
Comprehensive mobility study of silicon nanowire transistors using multi-subband models
Authors: Medina-Bailon Cristina , Nedjalkov Mihail , Georgiev Vihar , Selberherr Siegfried , Asenov Asen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Spatial confinement is important in advanced More Moore devices, such as nanowire transistors (NWTs), where the basic charge transport properties must be revised beyond the bulk crystal assumptions. This work presents a comprehensive and general overview of the electron mobility in aggressively-scaled Si NWTs in order to demonstrate the effect of quantum confinement on this topic, establishing its dependence on numerous physical factors (shape, diameter, and orientation). The mobility evaluation makes use of a unique simulation framework and innovative multi-subband calculations of the scattering rates. We show that (1) the effect of surface roughness scattering is more pronounced at higher sheet densities, (2) ionized impurity scattering seriously degrades the mobility in highly-doped NWTs, and (3) the cross-section shape affects directly the subband parameters and the mobility, with the elliptical NWTs giving the best performance for the same cross-sectional area.
Genome Resource for Stemphylium beticola, One of the Causal Agents of Stemphylium Leaf Spot of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Authors: Spawton K. A. , Peever T. L. , du Toit L. J. 
Published: June 2023

Stemphylium leaf spot of spinach, caused by the seedborne fungi Stemphylium beticola and S. vesicarium, affects spinach grown for processing, fresh markets, and seed. Genomes of S. vesicarium, but not S. beticola, have been published. DNA was extracted from two isolates of S. beticola, St0030 and St1145, and used for Illumina sequencing to generate draft genome assemblies. This is the first reported genome sequence of S. beticola, which will provide a resource for population studies and development of molecular tools to differentiate S. beticola from other Stemphylium species infecting spinach leaves and seed. Additionally, these genomes will be useful for comparative genomic studies of other plant-pathogenic and non-pathogenic Stemphylium species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol Sedation in ICU Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Peng Zhiyong , Liu Songqiao , Yu Xiangyou , Zhu Duming , Zhang Linlin , Wen Jianli , An Youzhong , Zhan Liying , Wang Xiaochuang , Kang Yan , Pan Aijun , Yan Jing , Zhang Lina , Liu Fengming , Zeng Jun , Lin Qinhan , Sun Renhua , Yu Jiangquan , Wang Huaxue , Yao Li , Chen Chuanxi , Liu Ning , Nie Yao , Lyu Jie , Wu Kun , Wu Jianfeng , Liu Xiao , Guan Xiangdong 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effectiveness and safety of ciprofol for sedating patients in ICUs who required mechanical ventilation (MV).

DESIGN:
A multicenter, single-blind, randomized, noninferiority trial.

SETTING:
Twenty-one centers across China from December 2020 to June 2021.

PATIENTS:
A total of 135 ICU patients 18 to 80 years old with endotracheal intubation and undergoing MV, who were expected to require sedation for 6–24 hours.

INTERVENTIONS:
One hundred thirty-five ICU patients were randomly allocated into ciprofol (n = 90) and propofol (n = 45) groups in a 2:1 ratio. Ciprofol or propofol were IV infused at loading doses of 0.1 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg, respectively, over 4 minutes ± 30 seconds depending on the physical condition of each patient. Ciprofol or propofol were then immediately administered at an initial maintenance dose of 0.3 mg/kg/hr or 1.5 mg/kg/hr, to achieve the target sedation range of Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (+1 to –2). Besides, continuous IV remifentanil analgesia was administered (loading dose: 0.5–1 μg/kg, maintenance dose: 0.02–0.15 μg/kg/min).

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 135 patients enrolled, 129 completed the study. The primary endpoint-sedation success rates of ciprofol and propofol groups were 97.7% versus 97.8% in the full analysis set (FAS) and were both 100% in per-protocol set (PPS). The noninferiority margin was set as 8% and confirmed with a lower limit of two-sided 95% CI for the inter-group difference of –5.98% and –4.32% in the FAS and PPS groups. Patients who received ciprofol had a longer recovery time (p = 0.003), but there were no differences in the remaining secondary endpoints (all p > 0.05). The occurrence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) or drug-related TEAEs were not significantly different between the groups (all p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Ciprofol was well tolerated, with a noninferior sedation profile to propofol in Chinese ICU patients undergoing MV for a period of 6–24 hours.
Demodex Blepharitis: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease, Current Management, and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Rhee Michelle K. , Yeu Elizabeth , Barnett Melissa , Rapuano Christopher J. , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. , Nichols Kelly K. , Karpecki Paul , Mah Francis S. , Chan Arthur , Mun James , Gaddie Ian Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:

Demodex blepharitis is a common disease of the eyelid, affecting approximately 25 million Americans. This article reviews what is known about the mechanisms and impact of Demodex blepharitis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic techniques, current management options, and emerging treatments. Demodex mites contribute to blepharitis in several ways: direct mechanical damage, as a vector for bacteria, and by inducing hypersensitivity and inflammation. Risk factors for Demodex blepharitis include increasing age, rosacea, and diabetes. The costs, symptom burden, and psychosocial effects of Demodex blepharitis are considerable. The presence of collarettes is pathognomonic for Demodex blepharitis. Redness, dryness, discomfort, foreign body sensation, lash anomalies, and itching are also hallmarks of the disease. Although a number of oral, topical, eyelid hygiene and device-based options have been used clinically and evaluated in studies for the management of Demodex blepharitis, none have been FDA approved to treat the disease. Recent randomized controlled clinical trials suggest that lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, is a topical treatment with the potential to eradicate Demodex mites and eliminate collarettes and eyelid redness for an extended period.
Impact of Scleral Lens Front Surface Eccentricity on Visual Acuity, Contrast Sensitivity, and Higher-Order Aberrations in Eyes With Keratoconus
Authors: Badrinarayanan Aparna , Balakrishnan Akshaya C. , Dutta Ronit , Kumar R. Mahesh , Iqbal Asif 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of front surface eccentricity (FSE) of scleral lenses (SLs) on corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in keratoconic eyes.

Methods:
Fifteen keratoconic eyes fitted with BostonSight SCLERAL lenses of different eccentricity values (FSE0=0, FSE1=0.30, and FSE2=0.60). CDVA, CS, and HOAs were measured at baseline and after 30 min of SL wear. CDVA and CS were measured with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study and Pelli–Robson chart, respectively, and iTrace aberrometer was used to evaluate the HOAs.

Results:
Baseline CDVA was 0.30±0.29, which significantly improved to 0.10±0.11, 0.05±0.06, and 0.05±0.08 logMAR with FSE0, FSE1, and FSE2, respectively (P<0.05). The post hoc showed no significant difference between eccentricities. Baseline CS was 1.19±0.47, which improved to 1.54±0.12, 1.59±0.10, and 1.60±0.11 with FSE0, FSE1, and FSE2, respectively (P<0.01), but post hoc showed no significant difference between eccentricities. A statistically significant reduction was found in HOAs when compared with baseline (P<0.01). Comparison between eccentricities showed a significant difference only between FSE0 and FSE1 for RMS coma (P=0.01) and RMS spherical aberrations (P=0.004) where FSE1 showed better performance in reducing HOAs compared with FSE0. HO-RMS, RMS secondary astigmatism, and RMS trefoil showed no significant difference between eccentricities, but FSE1 and FSE2 performed superior to FSE0.

Conclusion:
BostonSight SCLERAL lenses with varying eccentricities corrected a significant amount of HOAs and improved CDVA and CS in keratoconus patients. Practitioners should be aware of this distinct feature of SLs and use it as needed to improve visual performance.
Radiation myositis and myonecrosis of the chest wall after stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Hirano Shoko , Shimizu Daisuke , Seri Sho , Suzuki Gen , Yamazaki Hideya , Yamada Kei 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for early-stage lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is characterized by a high local control rate and low rate of severe toxicity. The adverse events of SBRT for NSCLC can involve the lung parenchyma, bronchi, central airway, esophagus, large vessels, and chest wall. Studies on muscle inflammation or necrosis caused by SBRT are relatively sparse compared to other tissues because muscles are in general resistant to radiation. Here we present a case of inflammation and necrosis of the pectoral muscle as an adverse event of SBRT.

Patient concerns:
A 90-year-old male patient with NSCLC of the left upper lung underwent an SBRT as a definitive therapy. His left anterior thorax swelled up and became hot and painful without obvious cutaneous injury 6 months after the radiation therapy.

Diagnosis:
Computed tomography and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging suggested inflammation and necrosis centered at the pectoral muscles.

Intervention:
none.

Outcome:
The pain and heat sensation spontaneously remitted within 6 weeks. However, the affected area became stiff, and the swelling partly remained for 18 months after radiation.

Lessons:
Radiation myositis and/or necrosis are rare adverse events of SBRT. Radiation myositis and necrosis that occurred in our patient was somewhat difficult to diagnose because he did not receive any chemotherapy. We should be aware of the fact that these adverse events could occur in patients without such specific backgrounds.
Complications and local recurrence of malignant liver tumor after ablation in risk areas: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Jundong , Zhu Fenghua , Hui Jing , Li Changlun , Cheng Shuyuan , Hu Dongyu , Wang Junye , Han Lei , Wang Huili 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Microwave ablation (MWA) is an effective local treatment for malignant liver tumors; however, its efficacy and safety for liver tumors adjacent to important organs are debatable.

Patients and methods
Forty-three cases with liver tumors adjacent to important organs were the risk group and 66 cases were the control group. The complications between two groups were compared by chi-square test and t-test. Local tumor recurrence (LTR) was analyzed by log-rank test. Factors affecting complications were analyzed by logistic regression and Spearman analyses. Factors affecting LTR were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve predicted pain treated with drugs and LTR.

Results
We found no significant difference in complications and LTR between two groups. The risk group experienced lower ablation energy and more antennas per tumor than control group. Necrosis volume after MWA was positively correlated with pain; necrosis volume and ablation time were positively correlated with recovery duration. Major diameter of tumor >3 cm increased risk of LTR by 3.319-fold, good lipiodol deposition decreased risk of LTR by 73.4%. The area under the curve (AUC) for necrosis volume in predicting pain was 0.74, with a 69.1 cm3 cutoff. AUC for major diameter of tumor in predicting LTR was 0.68, with a 27.02 mm cutoff.

Conclusion
MWA on liver tumors in at-risk areas is safe and effective, this is largely affected by proper ablation energy, antennas per tumor, and experienced doctors. LTR is primarily determined by major diameter of tumor and lipiodol deposition status.
The impact of obesity on postoperative complications and short-term survival after liver transplantation
Authors: Tejedor-Tejada Javier , Garcia-Pajares Felix , Safadi Rifaat , Mauriz-Barreiro Violeta , Molina Esther , Juan-Casamayor Laura , Fernández-Prada Samuel , Helal Abdelaleem , Fuentes-Valenzuela Esteban , Alonso-Martin Carmen , Almohalla-Alvarez Carolina 
Published: June 2023

Background and aims
Obesity is considered a risk factor for perioperative complications, but its effect on patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) remains unclear. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of obesity on early morbidity and mortality risk following LT.

Methods
A multicenter study of outcomes in patients submitted to LT between 2009 and 2019 was conducted. Recipients were stratified into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese patients (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Early postoperative complications were compared and 30-day and 1-year patient and graft survival were assessed by Kaplan–Meier method. Primary graft nonfunction (PGNF) was defined as the presence of total bilirubin > 10 mg/dl, INR > 1.6 or ALT > 2000 U/l within the first week after LT.

Results
A total of 1608 patients were included after applying exclusion criteria, nonobese (1149, 71.46%) and obese patients (459, 28.54%). There were no significant differences in age, sex, Model for End-stage Liver Disease, Charlson comorbidity score, ethnicity, waiting list time and ischemia time. There were significantly higher rates of vascular (17.58% vs 23.53%, P = 0.021) and biliary complications (27.68% vs 35.73%, P = 0.006) and PGNF (11.40% vs 12.20%, P = 0.021) in obese patients. There was a significantly increased risk for long-term graft failure; however, there was no significant difference in patient survival after LT.

Conclusion
Obese patients have significantly increased morbidity in terms of vascular and biliary complications and PGNF after LT. They have a higher risk for worse 1-year graft survival in comparison to controls.
Differential diagnosis of lung cancer and tuberculosis based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT multi-time points imaging
Authors: Luo Yongjun , Li Jicheng , Ma Wanjun , Tian Xiaoxue , Huang Lele , Yuping Han , Zhang Kai , Xie Yijing , Cui Zhencun , Feng Jianzhong , Zhou Junlin 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To investigate the value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT multi-time points imaging (MTPI) on the differential diagnosis between lung cancer (LC) and tuberculosis (TB).

Methods
Sixty-four patients underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT MTPI. The stdSUVmax, stdSUVavg, retention index, metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis at four-time points and slope of metabolic curve were measured and calculated, and the sex, age, and uniformity of FDG uptake were recorded. The difference in each index between LC and TB was analyzed, and dynamic metabolic curves (DMCs) of LC and TB were fitted by significance indexes. Artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models were established between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and TB, as well as between adenocarcinomas and TB.

Results
Differences between SCC and TB, stdSUVmax/avg at four-time points, total lesion glycolysis, stdSUVmax/avg slope (1–2 h,1–3 h and 1–4 h), uniformity of FDG uptake and age were significant. stdSUVavg has the largest area under the 4 h curve; age was only significant between adenocarcinomas and TB. DMCs at 1–4 h fitted by stdSUVavg were more helpful in differentiating LC and TB than stdSUVmax. stdSUVavg(1 h and 4 h), stdSUVavg slope 1–4 h, age, and uniformity of FDG uptake were selected to establish an ANN prediction model between SCC and TB; the area under the curve (AUC) was 100.0%. The same indices were used to establish the prediction model between adenocarcinomas and TB; the AUC was up to 83.5, and after adding stdSUVavg (2 and 4 h) to adenocarcinomas and TB models, the AUC was 87.7%.

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET/CT MTPI fitting DMCs and establishing an ANN prediction model would distinguish SCC from TB relatively accurately and provide certain help in the differentiation between adenocarcinomas and TB.