bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unconventional immune cells in the gut mucosal barrier: regulation by symbiotic microbiota
Authors: Yoo Ji-Sun , Oh Sungwhan F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mammalian gut is the most densely colonized organ by microbial species, which are in constant contact with the host throughout life. Hosts have developed multifaceted cellular and molecular mechanisms to distinguish and respond to benign and pathogenic bacteria. In addition to relatively well-characterized innate and adaptive immune cells, a growing body of evidence shows additional important players in gut mucosal immunity. Among them, unconventional immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and unconventional T cells, are essential for maintaining homeostasis. These cells rapidly respond to bacterial signals and bridge the innate immunity and adaptive immunity in the mucosal barrier. Here, we focus on the types and roles of these immune cells in physiological and pathological conditions as prominent mechanisms by which the host immune system communicates with the gut microbiota in health and diseases.
Prefrontal cortex astroglia modulate anhedonia-like behavior
Authors: Codeluppi S. A. , Xu M. , Bansal Y. , Lepack A. E. , Duric V. , Chow M. , Muir J. , Bagot R. C. , Licznerski P. , Wilber S. L. , Sanacora G. , Sibille E. , Duman R. S. , Pittenger C. , Banasr M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReductions of astroglia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are consistently found in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with depression and in rodent chronic stress models. Here, we examine the consequences of PFC GFAP+ cell depletion and cell activity enhancement on depressive-like behaviors in rodents. Using viral expression of diphtheria toxin receptor in PFC GFAP+ cells, which allows experimental depletion of these cells following diphtheria toxin administration, we demonstrated that PFC GFAP+ cell depletion induced anhedonia-like behavior within 2 days and lasting up to 8 days, but no anxiety-like deficits. Conversely, activating PFC GFAP+ cell activity for 3 weeks using designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) reversed chronic restraint stress-induced anhedonia-like deficits, but not anxiety-like deficits. Our results highlight a critical role of cortical astroglia in the development of anhedonia and further support the idea of targeting astroglia for the treatment of depression.
Geometric alignment of aminoacyl-tRNA relative to catalytic centers of the ribosome underpins accurate mRNA decoding
Authors: Girodat Dylan , Wieden Hans-Joachim , Blanchard Scott C. , Sanbonmatsu Karissa Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccurate protein synthesis is determined by the two-subunit ribosome’s capacity to selectively incorporate cognate aminoacyl-tRNA for each mRNA codon. The molecular basis of tRNA selection accuracy, and how fidelity can be affected by antibiotics, remains incompletely understood. Using molecular simulations, we find that cognate and near-cognate tRNAs delivered to the ribosome by Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) can follow divergent pathways of motion into the ribosome during both initial selection and proofreading. Consequently, cognate aa-tRNAs follow pathways aligned with the catalytic GTPase and peptidyltransferase centers of the large subunit, while near-cognate aa-tRNAs follow pathways that are misaligned. These findings suggest that differences in mRNA codon-tRNA anticodon interactions within the small subunit decoding center, where codon-anticodon interactions occur, are geometrically amplified over distance, as a result of this site’s physical separation from the large ribosomal subunit catalytic centers. These insights posit that the physical size of both tRNA and ribosome are key determinants of the tRNA selection fidelity mechanism.
Let-7 enhances murine anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses by promoting memory and antagonizing terminal differentiation
Authors: Wells Alexandria C. , Hioki Kaito A. , Angelou Constance C. , Lynch Adam C. , Liang Xueting , Ryan Daniel J. , Thesmar Iris , Zhanybekova Saule , Zuklys Saulius , Ullom Jacob , Cheong Agnes , Mager Jesse , Hollander Georg A. , Pobezinskaya Elena L. , Pobezinsky Leonid A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe success of the CD8 T cell-mediated immune response against infections and tumors depends on the formation of a long-lived memory pool, and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. The advent of checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly improved anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes by reversing CD8 T cell exhaustion, but fails to generate effector cells with memory potential. Here, using in vivo mouse models, we show that let-7 miRNAs determine CD8 T cell fate, where maintenance of let-7 expression during early cell activation results in memory CD8 T cell formation and tumor clearance. Conversely, let-7-deficiency promotes the generation of a terminal effector population that becomes vulnerable to exhaustion and cell death in immunosuppressive environments and fails to reject tumors. Mechanistically, let-7 restrains metabolic changes that occur during T cell activation through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and production of reactive oxygen species, potent drivers of terminal differentiation and exhaustion. Thus, our results reveal a role for let-7 in the time-sensitive support of memory formation and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. Overall, our data suggest a strategy in developing next-generation immunotherapies by preserving the multipotency of effector cells rather than enhancing the efficacy of differentiation.
Earthquake-enhanced dissolved carbon cycles in ultra-deep ocean sediments
Authors: Chu Mengfan , Bao Rui , Strasser Michael , Ikehara Ken , Everest Jez , Maeda Lena , Hochmuth Katharina , Xu Li , McNichol Ann , Bellanova Piero , Rasbury Troy , Kölling Martin , Riedinger Natascha , Johnson Joel , Luo Min , März Christian , Straub Susanne , Jitsuno Kana , Brunet Morgane , Cai Zhirong , Cattaneo Antonio , Hsiung Kanhsi , Ishizawa Takashi , Itaki Takuya , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Keep Myra , Kioka Arata , McHugh Cecilia , Micallef Aaron , Pandey Dhananjai , Proust Jean Noël , Satoguchi Yasufumi , Sawyer Derek , Seibert Chloé , Silver Maxwell , Virtasalo Joonas , Wang Yonghong , Wu Ting-Wei , Zellers Sarah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHadal trenches are unique geological and ecological systems located along subduction zones. Earthquake-triggered turbidites act as efficient transport pathways of organic carbon (OC), yet remineralization and transformation of OC in these systems are not comprehensively understood. Here we measure concentrations and stable- and radiocarbon isotope signatures of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC) in the subsurface sediment interstitial water along the Japan Trench axis collected during the IODP Expedition 386. We find accumulation and aging of DOC and DIC in the subsurface sediments, which we interpret as enhanced production of labile dissolved carbon owing to earthquake-triggered turbidites, which supports intensive microbial methanogenesis in the trench sediments. The residual dissolved carbon accumulates in deep subsurface sediments and may continue to fuel the deep biosphere. Tectonic events can therefore enhance carbon accumulation and stimulate carbon transformation in plate convergent trench systems, which may accelerate carbon export into the subduction zones.
Synthesis of metalla-dual-azulenes with fluoride ion recognition properties
Authors: Liu Hai-Cheng , Ruan Kaidong , Ma Kexin , Fei Jiawei , Lin Yu-Mei , Xia Haiping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAzulene-based conjugated systems are of great interests due to their unusual structures and photophysical properties. Incorporation of a transition metal into azulene skeleton presents an intriguing opportunity to combine the dπ-pπ and pπ-pπ conjugated properties. No such metallaazulene skeleton however has been reported to date. Here, we describe our development of an efficient [5 + 2] annulation reaction to rapid construction of a unique metal-containing [5-5-7] scaffold, termed metalla-dual-azulene (MDA), which includes a metallaazulene and a metal-free organic azulene intertwined by sharing the tropylium motif. The two azulene motifs in MDA exhibit distinct reactivities. The azulene motif readily undergoes nucleophilic addition, leading to N-, O- and S-substituted cycloheptanetrienyl species. Demetalation of the metallaazulene moiety occurs when it reacts with nBu4NF, which enables highly selective recognition of fluoride anion and a noticeable color change. The practical [5 + 2] annulation methodology, facile functional-group modification, high and selective fluoride detection make this new π-conjugated polycyclic system very suitable for potential applications in photoelectric and sensing materials.
Identifying the active sites in unequal iron-nitrogen single-atom catalysts
Authors: Huang Liang , Liu Qiong , Wu Weiwei , Gao Ge , Zheng Xiliang , Wang Jin , Dong Shaojun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts (SACs) have become one of the most attractive frontier research fields in catalysis and energy conversion. However, due to the atomic heterogeneity of SACs and limitations of ensemble-averaged measurements, the essential active sites responsible for governing specific catalytic properties and mechanisms remain largely concealed. In this study, we develop a quantitative method of single-atom catalysis–fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (SAC-FCS), leveraging the atomic structure-dependent catalysis kinetics and single-turnover resolution of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. This method enables us to investigate the oxidase-like single-molecule catalysis on unidentical iron-nitrogen (Fe-N) coordinated SACs, quantifying the active sites and their kinetic parameters. The findings reveal the significant differences of single sites from the average behaviors and corroborate the oxidase-like catalytic mechanism of the Fe-N active sites. We anticipate that the method will give essential insights into the rational design and application of SACs.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis indicates fatty acid metabolism-mediated metastasis and immunosuppression in male breast cancer
Authors: Sun Handong , Zhang Lishen , Wang Zhonglin , Gu Danling , Zhu Mengyan , Cai Yun , Li Lu , Tang Jiaqi , Huang Bin , Bosco Bakwatanisa , Li Ning , Wu Lingxiang , Wu Wei , Li Liangyu , Liang Yuan , Luo Lin , Liu Quanzhong , Zhu Yanhui , Sun Jie , Shi Liang , Xia Tiansong , Yang Chuang , Xu Qitong , Han Xue , Zhang Weiming , Liu Jianxia , Meng Dong , Shao Hua , Zheng Xiangxin , Li Shuqin , Pan Hua , Ke Jing , Jiang Wenying , Zhang Xiaolan , Han Xuedong , Chu Jian , An Hongyin , Ge Juyan , Pan Chi , Wang Xiuxing , Li Kening , Wang Qianghu , Ding Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with cellular and immunological characteristics that remain unclear. Here, we perform transcriptomic analysis for 111,038 single cells from tumor tissues of six MBC and thirteen female breast cancer (FBC) patients. We find that that MBC has significantly lower infiltration of T cells relative to FBC. Metastasis-related programs are more active in cancer cells from MBC. The activated fatty acid metabolism involved with FASN is related to cancer cell metastasis and low immune infiltration of MBC. T cells in MBC show activation of p38 MAPK and lipid oxidation pathways, indicating a dysfunctional state. In contrast, T cells in FBC exhibit higher expression of cytotoxic markers and immune activation pathways mediated by immune-modulatory cytokines. Moreover, we identify the inhibitory interactions between cancer cells and T cells in MBC. Our study provides important information for understanding the tumor immunology and metabolism of MBC.
Deficiency of endothelial sirtuin1 in mice stimulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by modifying the secretome
Authors: Li Qiuxia , Zhang Quanjiang , Kim Young-Rae , Gaddam Ravinder Reddy , Jacobs Julia S. , Bachschmid Markus M. , Younis Tsneem , Zhu Zhiyong , Zingman Leonid , London Barry , Rauckhorst Adam J. , Taylor Eric B. , Norris Andrew W. , Vikram Ajit , Irani Kaikobad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDownregulation of endothelial Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in insulin resistant states contributes to vascular dysfunction. Furthermore, Sirt1 deficiency in skeletal myocytes promotes insulin resistance. Here, we show that deletion of endothelial Sirt1, while impairing endothelial function, paradoxically improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Compared to wild-type mice, male mice lacking endothelial Sirt1 (E-Sirt1-KO) preferentially utilize glucose over fat, and have higher insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and Akt signaling in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. Enhanced insulin sensitivity of E-Sirt1-KO mice is transferrable to wild-type mice via the systemic circulation. Endothelial Sirt1 deficiency, by inhibiting autophagy and activating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, augments expression and secretion of thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) that promotes insulin signaling in skeletal myotubes. Thus, unlike in skeletal myocytes, Sirt1 deficiency in the endothelium promotes glucose homeostasis by stimulating skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through a blood-borne mechanism, and augmented secretion of Tβ4 by Sirt1-deficient endothelial cells boosts insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
Muted extratropical low cloud seasonal cycle is closely linked to underestimated climate sensitivity in models
Authors: Jiang Xianan , Su Hui , Jiang Jonathan H. , Neelin J. David , Wu Longtao , Tsushima Yoko , Elsaesser Gregory 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA large spread in model estimates of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), defined as the global mean near-surface air-temperature increase following a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration, leaves us greatly disadvantaged in guiding policy-making for climate change adaptation and mitigation. In this study, we show that the projected ECS in the latest generation of climate models is highly related to seasonal variations of extratropical low-cloud fraction (LCF) in historical simulations. Marked reduction of extratropical LCF from winter to summer is found in models with ECS > 4.75 K, in accordance with the significant reduction of extratropical LCF under a warming climate in these models. In contrast, a pronounced seasonal cycle of extratropical LCF, as supported by satellite observations, is largely absent in models with ECS < 3.3 K. The distinct seasonality in extratropical LCF in climate models is ascribed to their different prevailing cloud regimes governing the extratropical LCF variability.
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T-cell development depends on infection-matching regulatory T-cell types
Authors: Barros Leandro , Piontkivska Daryna , Figueiredo-Campos Patrícia , Fanczal Júlia , Ribeiro Sofia Pereira , Baptista Marta , Ariotti Silvia , Santos Nuno , Amorim Maria João , Pereira Cristina Silva , Veldhoen Marc , Ferreira Cristina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImmunological memory is critical for immune protection, particularly at epithelial sites, which are under constant risk of pathogen invasions. To counter invading pathogens, CD8+ memory T cells develop at the location of infection: tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with type-1 infections and type-1 regulatory T cells (TREG) are important for CD8+ T-cell development, however, if CD8+ TRM cells develop under other infection types and require immune type-specific TREG cells is unknown. We used three distinct lung infection models, to show that type-2 helminth infection does not establish CD8+ TRM cells. Intracellular (type-1) and extracellular (type-3) infections do and rely on the recruitment of response type-matching TREG population contributing transforming growth factor-β. Nevertheless, type-1 TREG cells remain the most important population for TRM cell development. Once established, TRM cells maintain their immune type profile. These results may have implications in the development of vaccines inducing CD8+ TRM cells.
Impact of a TLR9 agonist and broadly neutralizing antibodies on HIV-1 persistence: the randomized phase 2a TITAN trial
Authors: Gunst Jesper D. , Højen Jesper F. , Pahus Marie H. , Rosás-Umbert Miriam , Stiksrud Birgitte , McMahon James H. , Denton Paul W. , Nielsen Henrik , Johansen Isik S. , Benfield Thomas , Leth Steffen , Gerstoft Jan , Østergaard Lars , Schleimann Mariane H. , Olesen Rikke , Støvring Henrik , Vibholm Line , Weis Nina , Dyrhol-Riise Anne M. , Pedersen Karen B. H. , Lau Jillian S. Y. , Copertino Dennis C. , Linden Noemi , Huynh Tan T. , Ramos Victor , Jones R. Brad , Lewin Sharon R. , Tolstrup Martin , Rasmussen Thomas A. , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Caskey Marina , Reikvam Dag Henrik , Søgaard Ole S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInducing antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virological control is a critical step toward a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cure. In this phase 2a, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial, 43 people (85% males) with HIV-1 on ART were randomized to (1) placebo/placebo, (2) lefitolimod (TLR9 agonist)/placebo, (3) placebo/broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) or (4) lefitolimod/bNAb. ART interruption (ATI) started at week 3. Lefitolimod was administered once weekly for the first 8 weeks, and bNAbs were administered twice, 1 d before and 3 weeks after ATI. The primary endpoint was time to loss of virologic control after ATI. The median delay in time to loss of virologic control compared to the placebo/placebo group was 0.5 weeks (P = 0.49), 12.5 weeks (P = 0.003) and 9.5 weeks (P = 0.004) in the lefitolimod/placebo, placebo/bNAb and lefitolimod/bNAb groups, respectively. Among secondary endpoints, viral doubling time was slower for bNAb groups compared to non-bNAb groups, and the interventions were overall safe. We observed no added benefit of lefitolimod. Despite subtherapeutic plasma bNAb levels, 36% (4/11) in the placebo/bNAb group compared to 0% (0/10) in the placebo/placebo group maintained virologic control after the 25-week ATI. Although immunotherapy with lefitolimod did not lead to ART-free HIV-1 control, bNAbs may be important components in future HIV-1 curative strategies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03837756.
EuroCrops: The Largest Harmonized Open Crop Dataset Across the European Union
Authors: Schneider Maja , Schelte Tobias , Schmitz Felix , Körner Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEuroCrops contains geo-referenced polygons of agricultural croplands from 16 countries of the European Union (EU) as well as information on the respective crop species grown there. These semantic annotations are derived from self-declarations by farmers receiving subsidies under the common agricultural policy (CAP) of the European Commission (EC). Over the last 1.5 years, the individual national crop datasets have been manually collected, the crop classes have been translated into the English language and transferred into the newly developed hierarchical crop and agriculture taxonomy (HCAT). EuroCrops is publicly available under continuous improvement through an active user community.
Analysis of the research progress on the deposition and drift of spray droplets by plant protection UAVs
Authors: Weicai Qin , Panyang Chen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are highly adapted to terrain and capable of efficient low-altitude spraying, will be extensively used in agricultural production. In this paper, single or several independent factors influencing the deposition characteristics of droplets sprayed by plant protection UAVs, as well as the experimental methods and related mathematical analysis models used to study droplet deposition and drift, are systematically investigated. A research method based on farmland environmental factors is proposed to simulate the deposition and drift characteristics of spray droplets. Moreover, the impacts of multiple factors on the droplet deposition characteristics are further studied by using an indoor simulation test system for the spraying flow field of plant protection UAVs to simulate the plant protection UAVs spraying flow field, temperature, humidity and natural wind. By integrating the operation parameters, environmental conditions, crop canopy characteristics and rotor airflow, the main effects and interactive effects of the factors influencing the deposition of spray droplets can be explored. A mathematical model that can reflect the internal relations of multiple factors and evaluate and analyze the droplet deposition characteristics is established. A scientific and effective method for determining the optimal spray droplet deposition is also proposed. In addition, this research method can provide a necessary scientific basis for the formulation of operating standards for plant protection UAVs, inspection and evaluation of operating tools at the same scale, and the improvement and upgrading of spraying systems.
Delivery room intubation and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely preterm infants without low Apgar scores: A Japanese retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tamai Kei , Matsumoto Naomi , Yorifuji Takashi , Takeuchi Akihito , Nakamura Makoto , Nakamura Kazue , Kageyama Misao ,   The Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the associations between delivery room intubation (DRI) and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), as well as other neonatal outcomes, among extremely preterm infants without low Apgar scores using data from a large-scale neonatal registry data in Japan. We analyzed data for infants born at 24–27 gestational weeks between 2003 and 2019 in Japan using robust Poisson regression. Infants with low Apgar scores (≤ 1 at 1 min or ≤ 3 at 5 min) were excluded. The primary outcome was severe IVH. Secondary outcomes were other neonatal morbidities and mortality. The full cohort included 16,081 infants (intubation cohort, 13,367; no intubation cohort, 2714). The rate of DRI increased over time (78.6%, 2003–2008; 83.4%, 2009–2014; 87.8%, 2015–2019), while the rate of severe IVH decreased (7.1%, 2003–2008; 5.7%, 2009–2014; 5.3%, 2015–2019). Infants with DRI had a higher risk of severe IVH than those without DRI (6.8% vs. 2.3%; adjusted risk ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–2.58). The results did not change substantially when stratified by gestational age. Despite conflicting changes over time in DRI and severe IVH, DRI was associated with an increased risk of severe IVH among extremely preterm infants in Japan.