bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications following Breast Augmentation in Transfeminine Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Chenyu , Shahid Mohammed , Yu Qian , Orra Susan , Ranganath Bharat , Chao Jerry W. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Breast augmentation is the most commonly performed procedure for gender affirmation in transfeminine individuals. Although adverse events among breast augmentation in cisgender women are well described, their relative incidence in transfeminine patients is less elucidated. This study aims to compare complication rates after breast augmentation between cisgender women and transfeminine patients and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of breast augmentation in transfeminine individuals.

Methods:
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and other resources were queried for studies published up to January of 2022. A total of 1864 transfeminine patients from 14 studies were included in this project. Primary outcomes including complications (capsular contracture, hematoma or seroma, infection, implant asymmetry/malposition, hemorrhage, skin or systemic complications), patient satisfaction, and reoperation rates were pooled. A direct comparison of these rates was performed against historical rates in cisgender women.

Results:
Within the transfeminine group, the pooled rate of capsular contracture was 3.62% (95% CI, 0.0038 to 0.0908); the hematoma/seroma rate was 0.63% (95% CI, 0.0014 to 0.0134); the infection incidence was 0.08% (95% CI, 0.0000 to 0.0054); and implant asymmetry rate was 3.89% (95% CI, 0.0149 to 0.0714). There was no statistical difference between rates of capsular contracture (P = 0.41) and infection (P = 0.71) between the transfeminine versus cisgender groups, whereas there were higher rates of hematoma/seroma (P = 0.0095) and implant asymmetry/malposition (P < 0.00001) in the transfeminine group.

Conclusion:
Breast augmentation is an important procedure for gender affirmation and, in transfeminine individuals, carries relatively higher rates of postoperative hematoma and implant malposition relative to cisgender women.
Unfractionated Heparins, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins, and Indirect Factor Xa Inhibitors in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: An Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Othman Sammy , Bertolaccini Corinne M. , Pannucci Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Venous thromboembolism can present with devastating complications and sequalae, particularly in the surgical patient. Current data support prophylactic anticoagulant use in high-risk hospitalized patients, defined as those with a Caprini Risk Assessment Model score of 7 or greater. The most frequently used chemoprophylaxis agents include unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and indirect factor Xa inhibitors. The authors review the mechanisms of action, metabolism, reversal agents, indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of these medications in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Follow-Up and Secondary Treatment Aspects after Endoscopic and Open Scaphocephaly Surgery
Authors: de Jong Guido A. , Meulstee Jene W. , van Lindert Erik J. , Borstlap Wilfred A. , Maal Thomas J. J. , Delye Hans H. K. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
This retrospective cohort study evaluated the longitudinal three-dimensional cranial shape developments and the secondary treatment aspects after endoscopically assisted craniosynostosis surgery (EACS) with helmet therapy and open cranial vault reconstruction (OCVR) for scaphocephaly.

Methods:
Longitudinally collected three-dimensional photographs from scaphocephaly patients and healthy infants were evaluated. Three-dimensional cranial shape measurements and growth maps were compared between the groups over time. Secondary treatment aspects were compared for the treatment groups.

Results:
Both surgical techniques showed their strongest changes directly after surgery, with mean parietal three-dimensional growths up to 10 mm. At age 24 months, comparison of head shapes showed mean three-dimensional differences less than ±2 mm, with OCVR resulting in a lower vertex and longer cranial length when compared with EACS. At 48 months of age, no measurements were significantly different between treatment groups. Only the total head volume was somewhat larger in the male EACS group at age 48 months (P = 0.046). Blood loss in EACS (mean, 18 mL; range, 0 to 160 mL) was lower than in OCVR (mean, 100 mL; range, 15 to 300 mL; P < 0.001). Median length of stay after surgery was shorter for EACS (mean, 2 days; range, 1 to 5 days) compared with OCVR (mean, 5 days; range, 3 to 8 days; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The authors conclude that EACS for scaphocephaly shows equal craniometric results at age 48 months and has a better surgery profile compared with OCVR. Early diagnostics and referral for suspected scaphocephaly to allow EACS is therefore recommended.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Specialist dementia nursing models and impacts: a systematic review
Authors: Brown Pat , Burton Alexandra , Ayden Jordan , Harrison Dening Karen , Hoe Juanita , Cooper Claudia 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Dementia policy priorities recommend that people who are living with dementia and their family should have access to support and interventions delivered by dementia specialists, including specialist nurses. However, specialist dementia nursing models and role-related competencies are not clearly defined. We systematically review the current evidence regarding specialist dementia nursing models and their impacts.

Recent findings
Thirty-one studies from across three databases, and grey literature were included in the review. One framework defining specific specialist dementia nursing competencies was found. We did not find convincing evidence of the effectiveness of specialist nursing dementia services, relative to standard models of care from the current, limited evidence base, although families living with dementia valued it. No Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) has compared the impact of specialist nursing on client and carer outcomes relative to less specialist care, although one nonrandomised study reported that specialist dementia nursing reduces emergency and inpatient service use compared with a usual care group.

Summary
Current models of specialist dementia nursing are numerous and heterogeneous. Further exploration of the specialist nursing skills and the impact of specialist nursing interventions is needed to usefully inform workforce development strategies and clinical practice.
Bacteremia and obstructive pyelonephritis caused by Bifidobacterium breve in an elderly woman: A case report and literature review
Authors: Nishio Mitsuru , Morioka Hiroshi , Takai Shun , Osada Yukari , Seki Yoshie , Osugi Takato , Oba Airi , Miyaki Yuki 
Published: May 2023

Bifidobacterium spp. are non-spore-forming gram-positive anaerobes that are indigenous to the human gastrointestinal tract and vagina. They are believed to be a non-pathogenic organism to humans, thus they are widely used as probiotics.
An 83-year-old woman taking cephalexin for 4 days was diagnosed with obstructive pyelonephritis. Y-branched gram-positive rods were found in both anaerobic and aerobic blood culture bottles, and in an anaerobic urine culture. Bifidobacterium breve was finally identified. Ceftriaxone and metronidazole were administered to the patient, and she was discharged after intermittent catheterization for dysuria.
Urinary tract infection caused by Bifidobacterium spp. is believed to be rare, but it can develop in patients with underlying urological conditions. Recognition of the characteristic morphology and conducting anaerobic urine culture may help in identifying more cases of Bifidobacterium urinary tract infections.
Improvement of speed-accuracy tradeoff during practice of a point to point task in children with secondary dystonia
Authors: Kasiri Maral , Biffi Emilia , Ambrosini Emilia , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Sanger Terence D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe tradeoff between speed and accuracy is a well-known constraint for human movement, but previous work has shown that this tradeoff can be modified by practice, and the quantitative relationship between speed and accuracy may be an indicator of skill in some tasks. We have previously shown that children with dystonia are able to adapt their movement strategy in a ballistic throwing game to compensate for increased variability of movement. Here we test whether children with dystonia can adapt and improve skill learnt on a trajectory task. We use a novel task in which children move a spoon with a marble between two targets. Difficulty is modified by changing the depth of the spoon. Our results show that both healthy children and children with secondary dystonia move more slowly with the more difficult spoons, and both groups improve the relationship between speed and spoon difficulty following one week of practice. By tracking the marble position in the spoon, we show that children with dystonia use a larger fraction of the available variability, whereas healthy children adopt a much safer strategy and remain farther from the margins, as well as learning to adopt and have more control over the marble’s utilized area by practice. Together, our results show that both healthy children and children with dystonia choose trajectories that compensate for risk and inherent variability, and that the increased variability in dystonia can be modified with continued practice.
Uncovering genetic associations in the human diseasome using an endophenotype-augmented disease network
Authors: Woerner Jakob , Sriram Vivek , Nam Yonghyun , Verma Anurag , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTMany diseases exhibit complex multimorbidities with one another. An intuitive way to model the connections between phenotypes is with a disease-disease network (DDN), where nodes represent diseases and edges represent associations, such as shared single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), between pairs of diseases. To gain further genetic understanding of molecular contributors to disease associations, we propose a novel version of the shared-SNP DDN (ssDDN), denoted as ssDDN+, which includes connections between diseases derived from genetic correlations with endophenotypes. We hypothesize that a ssDDN+ can provide complementary information to the disease connections in a ssDDN, yielding insight into the role of clinical laboratory measurements in disease interactions. Using PheWAS summary statistics from the UK Biobank, we constructed a ssDDN+ revealing hundreds of genetic correlations between disease phenotypes and quantitative traits. Our augmented network uncovers genetic associations across different disease categories, connects relevant cardiometabolic diseases, and highlights specific biomarkers that are associated with cross-phenotype associations. Out of the 31 clinical measurements under consideration, HDL-C connects the greatest number of diseases and is strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Triglycerides, another blood lipid with known genetics causes in non-mendelian diseases, also adds a substantial number of edges to the ssDDN. Our study can facilitate future network-based investigations of cross-phenotype associations involving pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity, potentially uncovering sources of missing heritability in multimorbidities.
Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among patients with tobacco related illness in four national referral hospitals of Kenya
Authors: Mwenda Valerian , Odeny Lazarus , Mohamed Shukri , Gathecha Gladwell , Kendagor Anne , Kiptui Dorcas , Jaguga Florence , Mugi Beatrice , Mithi Caroline , Okinda Kennedy , Mwai Daniel , Njuguna David , Awuor Winnie , Kitonyo-Devotsu Rachel , Ong’ang’o Jane Rahedi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use is a risk factor for many chronic health conditions. Demonstrating the link between tobacco use and disease burden can strengthen tobacco control. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among patients with tobacco related illnesses (TRI) at four national referral hospitals in Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among patients with four TRI (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and pulmonary tuberculosis) during January–October 2022. Cases were identified from medical records and a questionnaire used to collect socio-demographic information and tobacco use history. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate prevalence of tobacco use. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated tobacco use among patients with TRI.ResultsWe identified 2032 individuals with TRI; 46% (939/2,032) had age ≥60 years, and 61% (1,241/2,032) were male. About 45% (923/2,032) were ever tobacco users (6% percent current and 39% former tobacco users). Comorbidities were present in 28% of the participants. Most (92%) of the patients had been diagnosed with the TRI within the previous five years. The most frequent TRI were oral pharyngeal cancer (36% [725/2,032]), nasopharyngeal cancer (12% [246/2.032]) and lung cancer (10% [202/2,032]). Patients >60 years (aOR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.84, 2.73) and not in a marital union (aOR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.42) had higher odds of tobacco use. Female patients (aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.41) and those with no history of alcohol use (aOR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.31), had less odds of tobacco use. Odds of tobacco use increased with age and decreased with increasing education level.ConclusionPrevalence of tobacco use was high among patients with TRI in Kenya, especially among older, male, less educated, unmarried, and alcohol users. We recommend sustained tobacco use screening and cessation programs among patients with TRI as part of clinical care.
Identifying occupational health inequities in the absence of suitable data: are there inequities in access to adequate bathrooms in U.S. workplaces?
Authors: Johnson Candice Y. , Fujishiro Kaori 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesOur research questions are often chosen based on the existence of suitable data for analysis or prior research in the area. For new interdisciplinary research areas, such as occupational health equity, suitable data might not yet exist. In this manuscript, we describe how we approached a research project in the absence of suitable data, using the example of identifying inequities in adequate bathrooms in U.S. workplaces.MethodsWe created a conceptual model that explained the causation of occupational health inequities, and from this model identified a series of questions that could be answered using separate datasets. Breaking up the analysis into multiple steps allowed us to use multiple data sources and analysis methods, which helped compensate for limitations in each dataset.ResultsUsing the conceptual model as a guide, we were able to identify jobs that likely have inadequate bathrooms as well as subpopulations potentially at higher risk for inadequate bathrooms. We also identified specific data gaps by reflecting on the challenges we faced in our multi-step analysis.ConclusionsWe share our conceptual model and our example analysis to motivate epidemiologists to avoid letting availability of data limit the research questions they pursue.What is already known on this topicConducting research in interdisciplinary research areas, such as occupational health equity, can be challenging because suitable data often do not exist.What this study addsWe created a conceptual model that explains the causation of occupational health inequities, which helps conduct analyses with less than optimal data.How this study might affect research, practice or policyUsing this approach allows researchers to combine multiple data sources and analysis methods to answer a single research question, expanding the research questions that can be addressed with existing data.
Identifying key factors in predicting Chikungunya and Zika transmission in French Polynesia: a data-driven mathematical model
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Huo Xi , Thomas Peter J. , Huang Qimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChikungunya and Zika are both arboviruses transmitted through theAedesmosquitoes, which are ectothermic, leading to seasonal outbreak patterns of virus infections in the human population. Mathematical models linked with mosquito trap data, human case data, or both, have proven to be powerful tools for understanding the transmission dynamics of arboviral diseases. However, while predictive models should consider a variety of features in the environment, vectors, and hosts, it is not clear which aspects are essential to assist with short-term forecasting.MethodologyWe consider four simple models with various assumptions, including mosquito dynamics, temperature impacts, or both, and apply each model to forecast the Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks of nine different regions in French Polynesia. We use standard statistical criteria to compare the accuracy of each model in predicting the magnitude of the outbreak to select the most appropriate model to use as an alert system for arbovirus infections. Moreover, by calibrating our “best model”, we estimate biologically meaningful parameter values to explore the commonality and difference between Chikungunya and Zika epidemics.ConclusionsWe show that incorporating the mosquito population dynamics in the arbovirus transmission model is essential for accurate arbovirus case prediction. In addition, such enhancement in the accuracy of prediction is more obvious for the Chikungunya data than the Zika data, suggesting that mosquito dynamics play a more important role in Chikungunya transmission than Zika transmission. In contrast, incorporating the effects of temperature may not be necessary for past outbreaks in French Polynesia. With the well-calibrated model, we observe that the Chikungunya virus has similar but slightly higher transmissibility than the Zika virus in most regions. The best-fit parameters for the mosquito model suggest that Chikungunya has a relatively longer mosquito infectious period and a higher mosquito-to-human transmission rate. Further, our findings suggest that universal vector control plans will help prevent future Zika outbreaks. In contrast, targeted control plans focusing on specific mosquito species could benefit the prevention of Chikungunya outbreaks.
Contrast Response Function Estimation with Nonparametric Bayesian Active Learning
Authors: Marticorena Dom CP , Wong Quinn Wai , Browning Jake , Wilbur Ken , Jayakumar Samyukta , Davey Pinakin , Seitz Aaron R. , Gardner Jacob R. , Barbour Dennis L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultidimensional psychometric functions can typically be estimated nonparametrically for greater accuracy or parametrically for greater efficiency. By recasting the estimation problem from regression to classification, however, powerful machine learning tools can be leveraged to provide an adjustable balance between accuracy and efficiency. Contrast Sensitivity Functions (CSFs) are behaviorally estimated curves that provide insight into both peripheral and central visual function. Because estimation can be impractically long, current clinical workflows must make compromises such as limited sampling across spatial frequency or strong assumptions on CSF shape. This paper describes the development of the Machine Learning Contrast Response Function (MLCRF) estimator, which quantifies the expected probability of success in performing a contrast detection or discrimination task. A machine learning CSF can then be derived from the MLCRF. Using simulated eyes created from canonical CSF curves and actual human contrast response data, the accuracy and efficiency of the MLCSF was evaluated in order to determine its potential utility for research and clinical applications. With stimuli selected randomly, the MLCSF estimator converged slowly toward ground truth. With optimal stimulus selection via Bayesian active learning, convergence was nearly an order of magnitude faster, requiring only tens of stimuli to achieve reasonable estimates. Inclusion of an informative prior provided no consistent advantage to the estimator as configured. MLCSF achieved efficiencies on par with quickCSF, a conventional parametric estimator, but with systematically higher accuracy. Because MLCSF design allows accuracy to be traded off against efficiency, it should be explored further to uncover its full potential.PrecisMachine learning classifiers enable accurate and efficient contrast sensitivity function estimation with item-level prediction for individual eyes.
Balloon guide catheter effect on first pass and revascularization success
Authors: Modzelewski Michael D , Perlman Sabrina M , Duggan Mark C , Liang Conrad W 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe benefit of balloon guide catheter (BGC) use in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) of patients with acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. This study assessed the influence of BGC use during EVT on first pass (FP) and revascularization (RV) success in a cohort of stroke patients from a multi-hospital health system.MethodsPatients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing EVT with stent-retriever or aspiration between 2012 and 2018 at three Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) region hospitals were identified. A chi-squared test compared the relationship of BGC use with the primary outcomes of FP and RV success using a dichotomized thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score of 2b or greater.Results218 patients were included. 35 (16%) underwent EVT with BGC. FP success rate did not significantly differ with 37.1% (95% CI 21.5% to 55.1%) FP success in patients that received EVT with BGC and 41.5% (95% CI 34.3% to 49.0%) in patients that received EVT without BGC (p = 0.71). Successful final RV did not significantly differ between the two groups with 85.7% (95% CI 69.7% to 95.2%) final RV success in the EVT with BGC group and 88.5% (95% CI 83.0% to 92.8%) in the EVT without BGC group (p = 0.78). There was no significant difference in FP (p = 0.88) or RV success (p = 0.42) between the BGC (37% FP and 86% RV), non-BGC stent-retriever (42% FP and 92% RV), and aspiration thrombectomy groups (41% FP and 86% RV).ConclusionThere was no observed association between BGC use in EVT of anterior circulation LVO and rates of first pass revascularization or final revascularization.
Adrenaline rush in athletes: Visualizing glucose fluctuations during high-intensity races
Authors: Kajisa Taira , Sakai Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnder stressful or exciting conditions, athletes can perform beyond their typical capabilities during a so-called “adrenaline rush.” In the preliminary study by one sub-elite runner, we found that even in the fasted state, hyperglycemia occurs during high loaded running by the fact that both blood glucose and interstitial fluid glucose levels rose rapidly to 11-12 mM. This suggests that glycogen in the liver is degraded by anti-stress hormones, leading to an increase in glucose concentration. In the next, we analyzed the temporal changes in interstitial glucose concentration before, during, and after races using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data obtained from a total of 36 elite long-distance athletes including walking race (non-fasting state). We found that even healthy subjects recorded high glucose levels (mean 8.3 ± 1.5 mM) before the start of the race and the glucose fluctuations during the race were also recorded at 11.2 ± 2.2 mM, suggesting not only blood glucose level fluctuation due to supplementation before the races, but also due to the effects of stress hormones such as epinephrine, cortisol and glucagon. Furthermore, the mean glucose level during the daytime for the three days before the race event was significantly different by 0.3 mM (p<0.001) compared to the mean during the daytime for the three days after the race. These results suggested that efficient utilization of liver glycogen is important to keep high performance throughout the race, since the liver glycogen also consumed under stress.