bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astragalus polysaccharide protects experimental colitis through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐dependent autophagy mechanism
Authors: Ying Yi , Song Li‐yun , Pang Wen‐lin , Zhang Si‐qi , Yu Jing‐ze , Liang Peng‐tao , Li Tian‐gang , Sun Yi , Wang Yin‐ying , Yan Jin‐yuan , Yang Zhong‐shan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeDisruption of intestinal barriers plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of colitis. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a recognition sensor that mediates intestinal immune homeostasis and minimizes intestinal inflammation. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) exerts pharmacological actions in colitis; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. We investigated whether APS protects through AhR‐dependent autophagy.Experimental ApproachThe symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice involving intestinal barrier function and inflammatory injury were evaluated after APS administration. Intestinal‐specific Becn1 conditional knockout (Becn1 cKO) mice were constructed and compared with wild‐type mice. Autophagy and the effects of APS were investigated after the deactivation of AhRs. The relationship between APS‐induced AhRs and autophagic Becn1 was investigated using a dual‐luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Caco‐2 cells were used to investigate inflammatory responses and AhR‐dependent autophagy.Key ResultsAPS improved intestinal barrier function in inflammatory injury in colitis mice. APS triggered autophagic flow; however, knockout of Becn1 in the gut increased susceptibility to colitis, leading to diminished epithelial barrier function and severe intestinal inflammation, impairing the protective effects of APS. Mechanistically, APS‐triggered autophagy depends on AhR expression. Activated AhR binds to the promoter Becn1 to operate transcription of genes involved in anti‐inflammation and intestinal barrier repair, while deactivation of AhR correlated with intestinal inflammation and the therapeutic function of APS.Conclusions and ImplicationsAPS protects colitis mice by targeting autophagy, especially as the AhR stimulates the repair of damaged intestinal barrier functions.
Enhanced meta‐heuristic methods for industrial winding process modelling
Authors: Albashish Dheeb , Mustafa Hossam M. J. , Khurma Ruba Abu , Hasan Basela , Bani‐Ahmad Sulieman , Abdullah Azizi , Arram Anas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNonlinear industrial system modelling entails two critical phases: The first is selecting a method in order to estimate the parameter list values, and the second is selecting a proper model structure with a relatively short parameter list. Developing a comprehensive model for an industrial design process is critical for the model‐based control system. This article presents a model‐based strategy that aims to develop three linear and three nonlinear dynamic models using three well‐known meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms to simulate a challenging plant‐wide process. As a case study, an industrial real winding process (WP) is targeted to accomplish the aim of this study. The algorithms have been optimized to find the best weights of the inputs of the WP with a key issue to effectively describe the behaviour aspects of the process. To test the validity of the developed models, a series of experiments were carried out on each of the developed linear and nonlinear models. Several relevant evaluation metric measures are used to demonstrate the models' performance level. The experimental results for training and test sets of 1250 independent samples for each set based upon the proposed modelling schemes show that the mean square error to correctly model the WP occurred in less than 0.001. A comparison of the developed intelligent linear and nonlinear models with the Auto‐Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models obtained through the evaluation criteria asserts the effectiveness of the proposed models‐based approaches.
Bees exposed to climate change are more sensitive to pesticides
Authors: Albacete Sergio , Sancho Gonzalo , Azpiazu Celeste , Rodrigo Anselm , Molowny‐Horas Roberto , Sgolastra Fabio , Bosch Jordi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBee populations are exposed to multiple stressors, including land‐use change, biological invasions, climate change, and pesticide exposure, that may interact synergistically. We analyze the combined effects of climate warming and sublethal insecticide exposure in the solitary bee Osmia cornuta. Previous Osmia studies show that warm wintering temperatures cause body weight loss, lipid consumption, and fat body depletion. Because the fat body plays a key role in xenobiotic detoxification, we expected that bees exposed to climate warming scenarios would be more sensitive to pesticides. We exposed O. cornuta females to three wintering treatments: current scenario (2007–2012 temperatures), near‐future (2021–2050 projected temperatures), and distant‐future (2051–2080). Upon emergence in spring, bees were orally exposed to three sublethal doses of an insecticide (Closer, a.i. sulfoxaflor; 0, 4.55 and 11.64 ng a.i./bee). We measured the combined effects of wintering and insecticide exposure on phototactic response, syrup consumption, and longevity. Wintering treatment by itself did not affect winter mortality, but body weight loss increased with increasing wintering temperatures. Similarly, wintering treatment by itself hardly influenced phototactic response or syrup consumption. However, bees wintered at the warmest temperatures had shorter longevity, a strong fecundity predictor in Osmia. Insecticide exposure, especially at the high dose, impaired the ability of bees to respond to light, and resulted in reduced syrup consumption and longevity. The combination of the warmest winter and the high insecticide dose resulted in a 70% longevity decrease. Smaller bees, resulting from smaller pollen–nectar provisions, had shorter longevity suggesting nutritional stress may further compromise fecundity in O. cornuta. Our results show a synergistic interaction between two major drivers of bee declines, and indicate that bees will become more sensitive to pesticides under the current global warming scenario. Our findings have important implications for pesticide regulation and underscore the need to consider multiple stressors to understand bee declines.
Endogenous ascorbic acid prevents fresh‐cut potato from browning
Authors: Tang Yueming , Luo Jinghong , Luo Fangyao , Hu Xuemei , Hu Jianjun , Li Wanchen , Fu Fengling , Gao Jia 
Published: September 2023

SummaryPrevious studies found that the browning characteristics of ten potato cultivars were closely related to their ascorbic acid (AsA) content. In order to reveal the relationship between endogenous AsA and potato browning, we quantified endogenous AsA, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Among seven cultivars, 181–25, 182–9 and 41–2 had little colour alteration within 48 h, 51–2 and 39–1 were severely browned at fresh‐cut 3 h. A correlation analysis of seven potato cultivars discovered that colour alteration was significantly negatively correlated with total AsA (AsA + DHA), AsA, and AsA/DHA ratio. In addition, the results of exogenous AsA treatment of fresh‐cut potato showed that the higher the concentration, the weaker the browning of fresh‐cut potatoes and promoted the accumulation of endogenous AsA content and increased the AsA/DHA ratio at the late of storage. Overall, endogenous AsA content and redox status were linked to differences in the browning susceptibility of potato, and a high level of endogenous AsA prevents browning of fresh‐cut potato.
Developing a soft margarine with modified fatty acid profile having low trans fatty acids
Authors: Punvichai Teerasak , Wachiratreeyakul Tharawee , Chanasriphum Anawin , Kritsanapuntu Sirusa , Chotimarkorn Chatchawan , Detarun Preeyabhorn 
Published: September 2023

SummaryA healthy diet cannot comprise only one single natural fat or oil. The American Health Association (AHA) recommends for consumption a balanced fatty acid ratio of approximately 1:1:1 for PUFA: MUFA: SFA. Such proportions of fatty acids can promote health and reduce the level of blood LDL‐cholesterol. In this study, we developed a margarine formulation with modified fatty acid profile and low trans fatty acids. For formulation of a margarine with PUFA: MUFA: SFA ratio of 1:1:1, having equal amounts of poly‐ and mono‐unsaturated and saturated fats, the data on fatty acid profiles on vegetable oils indicated that the proportions palm stearin 30%, rice bran oil 40%, and soybean oil 30% was appropriate. The oil mixture gave the PUFA: MUFA: SFA ratio 1.00:0.97:1.00 and a trans fatty acid level below the limit recommended by the US FDA, namely less than 0.5 mg/serving size. The developed margarine had the higher rating for general appearance (6.7–8.9), when compared to a commercial brand. Its peroxide value was 6.19 ± 0.83 mEq/kg fat after storage for 90 days at refrigerated 4–5 °C temperature, which is below the FDA standard limit of 10.0 mEq/kg fat.
Effects of traditional preparatory techniques on the chemical and pasting characteristics of yellow‐fleshed cassava roots (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Alamu Emmanuel Oladeji , Maziya‐Dixon Busie , Dixon Alfred Gilbert 
Published: September 2023

SummaryUnderstanding the interactions between chemical and pasting properties and conventional cooking methods will help utilise yellow‐fleshed cassava roots. Thus, the study examined how conventional processing affected Nigerian yellow‐fleshed cassava's chemical and pasting properties. Three improved, yellow‐fleshed genotypes were harvested 12 months after planting: 01/1371 (high carotenoids, 7.3 μg/g on Fresh weight basis (FW)), 01/1235 (medium, 4.8 μg/g FW), and 94/0006 (low, 2.6 μg/g FW). The peeled and washed roots were processed into various products, and chemical and pasting properties were tested. Processing techniques affect all chemical and pasting properties except pasting temperature. High‐carotenoid cassava produced boiled roots with high ash and protein, while low‐carotenoids produced amylose and starch. High‐carotenoid cassava roots yielded flour with high ash, amylose, and starch. The gari product from high‐carotenoid cassava roots had higher ash, amylose, sugar, and starch concentrations. Cooked fufu from low‐carotenoid cassava had high protein and starch, while high‐carotenoid fufu had high ash and amylose. High‐carotenoid cassava roots produce the best flour and raw fufu, while low‐carotenoid roots produce chips, and medium‐carotenoid roots produce gari with suitable pasting parameters.
Effects of steam explosion treatment on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of okara‐derived soluble dietary fibre
Authors: Li Tiange , Liu Ruiqi , Wang Tianlin , Fu Yankun , Qiao Mingwu , Huang Xianqing , Song Lianjun 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOkara is the by‐product of soybean during processing, which is rich in dietary fibre. In this study, the effects of steam explosion (SE) treatment on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from okara were investigated. Results showed that SE increased the water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, swelling capacity, water solubility, foaming ability, foaming stability, emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of SDF. The structure of okara‐derived SDF was changed after SE treatment, and the surface was poriferous, rough and collapsed. SDF from okara modified by SE exhibited significantly higher glucose adsorption capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and antioxidant activity manifested by the increase in DPPH and ABTS‐radical scavenging activity as well as ferric ion‐reducing antioxidant power. In vitro colonic fermentation and 16S rDNA sequencing showed that SE treatment up‐regulated the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations and increased diversity of gut microbiota. Moreover, SE treatment increased the relative abundance of specific beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus, whereas decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Enterococcus, Escherichia‐Shigella and Proteus. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential of SE in improving the physicochemical and functional properties of okara‐derived SDF and promoting its future application.
Breathing better: A tech‐monitored study of positive expiratory pressure and reading aloud for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Özden Gürkan , Parlar Kılıç Serap 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBreathing exercises, such as diaphragmatic breathing and positive expiratory pressure (PEP), relieve breathlessness in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of breathing exercises with PEP and reading aloud on vital signs, fatigue level, severity of dyspnoea and respiratory function parameters in patients with COPD.DesignThe study followed a randomized controlled trial of COPD patients from a single hospital in eastern Turkey.MethodsThe study included 103 patients who were randomly assigned to receive pre‐reading exercises, breathing exercises with a PEP device or no intervention for 8 weeks.ResultsThe use of a PEP device improved oxygen saturation, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) values and reduced fatigue and dyspnoea severity. Reading aloud lowered the mean arterial pressure and reduced fatigue and dyspnoea severity.ConclusionThe study concludes that PEP devices and reading aloud can improve respiratory function in patients with COPD. Additionally, reading aloud is an accessible, easy‐to‐implement and economically feasible method for treating COPD symptoms.
The reliability of recall measurement in assessing migrant reintegration: Evidence from Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan
Authors: Dennison James 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article asks whether and under what conditions the use of retrospective or “recall” measurement is reliable. Migration researchers are often forced to retrospectively measure baselines when evaluating the impact of interventions due to the transitory nature of migration, developing country contexts, and hastily assembled policy programmes, a situation exacerbated by Covid‐19. This article first theoretically considers the extent to which this approach is reliable and likely to result in biased estimates, as well as its broader advantages, disadvantages, and recommendations for best practice. It then considers the case of the “IMPACT” evaluation of the EU‐IOM Joint Initiative for Migrant Protection and Reintegration in which 1774 Ethiopian, Somalia, and Sudanese migrant returnees in 2021 were assessed on a range of reintegration measures, 1095 of whom were measured retrospectively. Regression analyses demonstrate that those measured retrospectively give more negative scores on several “Reintegration Sustainability Scores” in line with some theoretical expectations but contrary to others. However, this—mostly non‐statistically significant—effect is largely diminished when the small minority who report finding it difficult to remember the baseline period are removed—suggesting that any retrospective measurement effect results from memory bias rather than, for example, consistency bias. No evidence is found to support several theoretically derived interaction effects. Determinants of self‐reported memory are demonstrated and recommendations for usage of retrospective measurement are provided, based on these findings.
Caregiver‐reported dental manifestations in individuals with genetic neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Ming Neil R. , Noble Deanna , Chussid Steven , Ziegler Alban , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often have poor oral health and dental abnormalities. An increasing number of genes have been associated with neurodevelopmental conditions affecting the oral cavity, but the specific dental features associated with many genes remain unknown.AimTo report the types and frequencies of dental manifestations in children with neurodevelopmental conditions of known genetic cause.DesignA 30‐question survey assesing ectodermal and dental features was administered through Simons Searchlight, with which formed a recontactable cohort of individuals with genetic NDDs often associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).ResultsData were collected from a largely paediatric population with 620 affected individuals across 39 genetic conditions and 145 unaffected siblings without NDDs for comparison. Drooling, difficulty accessing dental care, late primary teeth eruption, abnormal primary and permanent teeth formation, misshapen nails, and hair loss were more frequent in individuals with NDDs. Additionally, we evidenced an association between three new pathogenic gene variant/oral manifestation pairs: CSNK2A1/unusual primary teeth, DYRK1A/late primary teeth eruption, and PPP2R5D/sialorrhea.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that genetic NDDs caused by mutations in CSNK2A1, DYRK1A, and PP2R5D are associated with unique dental manifestations, and knowledge of these features can be helpful to personalize dental care.
Reduced bone dimension in patients affected by oligodontia: A retrospective study on maxillary and mandibular CBCT
Authors: Dupré Nicolas , Fournier Benjamin P. J. , Gondel Orianne , Riou Margot C. , Isaac Juliane , Garrec Pascal , Vi‐Fane Brigitte , Kribel Samia , De La Dure‐Molla Muriel , Carra Maria Clotilde , Felizardo Rufino , Kerner Stephane P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimOligodontia (OD) is a rare developmental condition characterized by the absence of six or more teeth. Dental implant placement may be challenging due to anatomical factors. This study aims to evaluate the alveolar bone dimensions in OD patients compared with controls.Materials and MethodsOn maxillary and mandibular cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), bone height and width were measured at every tooth and edentulous site. The distance to the inferior alveolar nerve was also measured. Fifty‐three OD patients (40 maxillary and 32 mandibular CBCT) and 82 controls (51 maxillary and 31 mandibular CBCT) were compared using mixed models.ResultsCompared with those in OD patients, maxillary permanent teeth and edentulous sites showed significantly higher mean height in control patients (incisive‐canine site height: +2.12 mm; edentulous incisive‐canine site height: +4.46 mm [p > .001]). For the mandibular permanent teeth, mean height was higher in controls than in OD patients at the incisive‐canine (+3.82 mm [p > .001]) and premolar areas (+2.06 mm [p > .001]). Only edentulous incisive‐canine sites were significantly different between controls and OD patients (mean: +0.52 mm [p > .001]). Changes in alveolar nerve position were observed in case of molar agenesis.ConclusionMaxillary and mandibular bone dimensions are reduced in OD patients compared with controls both in sites with permanent teeth and in edentulous areas.
Cognitive performance in relation to MIND and MEPA III dietary pattern accordance of NHANES participants
Authors: Derdiger Samara , Friedeborn Sophia , Tangney Christy C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and Mediterranean‐like diets are associated with better cognitive performance.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional sample from two NHANES cycles (2011–2014), scores for the MIND dietary pattern (maximum score = 14) and for the Mediterranean Eating Pattern for Americans (MEPA) III (maximum score = 22) were calculated based on the reported foods consumed on two nonconsecutive 24‐h dietary recalls. Only adults with two completed recalls and cognitive testing were studied (n = 2598). Cognitive assessments included the word learning and recall components from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency test (AFT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test.ResultsThe ages of participants were (mean ± SD) 69.2 ± 0.3 years, with almost equal proportions of men and women. MIND score was 5.0 ± 0.0, and MEPA III score was 8.6 ± 2.1. Positive associations between continuous MIND scores and education‐dependent standardised cognitive scores for each test and global cognition were observed, unadjusted or adjusted for covariates; no such associations were observed for MEPA III. Compared to adults in the lowest MIND tertile, those in the highest were less likely to exhibit low cognitive performance on the AFT [0.45 (0.29–0.69)], CERAD Delayed Recall [0.52 (0.32–0.83)] and global cognition [0.50 (0.27–0.94)]. Similar observations were noted with MEPA III with AFT [0.58 (0.43–0.79)] and CERAD Delayed Recall [0.66 (0.46–0.94)].ConclusionsOlder Americans were generally non‐accordant to MIND and MEPA III patterns. However, those who reported greater MIND or MEPA III diet accordance exhibited better cognitive performance.
Plk2 promotes synaptic destabilization through disruption of N‐cadherin adhesion complexes during homeostatic adaptation to hyperexcitation
Authors: Abdel‐Ghani Mai , Lee Yeunkum , Akli Lyna Ait , Moran Marielena , Schneeweis Amanda , Djemil Sarra , El Choueiry Rebecca , Murtadha Ruqaya , Pak Daniel T. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynaptogenesis in the brain is highly organized and orchestrated by synaptic cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as N‐cadherin and amyloid precursor protein (APP) that contribute to the stabilization and structure of synapses. Although N‐cadherin plays an integral role in synapse formation and synaptic plasticity, its function in synapse dismantling is not as well understood. Synapse weakening and loss are prominent features of neurodegenerative diseases, and can also be observed during homeostatic compensation to neuronal hyperexcitation. Previously, we have shown that during homeostatic synaptic plasticity, APP is a target for cleavage triggered by phosphorylation by Polo‐like kinase 2 (Plk2). Here, we found that Plk2 directly phosphorylates N‐cadherin, and during neuronal hyperexcitation Plk2 promotes N‐cadherin proteolytic processing, degradation, and disruption of complexes with APP. We further examined the molecular mechanisms underlying N‐cadherin degradation. Loss of N‐cadherin adhesive function destabilizes excitatory synapses and promotes their structural dismantling as a prerequisite to eventual synapse elimination. This pathway, which may normally help to homeostatically restrain excitability, could also shed light on the dysregulated synapse loss that occurs in cognitive disorders.image