bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Health Promotion Program at the Community Level in Mexico: Is the Program Efficient and Effective?
Authors: Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline E. , Flores-Loera Yuliana , Chivardi Carlos , Ruelas-González Ma. Guadalupe , Macías Nayeli , González-Robledo María Cecilia 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Health promotion programs have been encouraged in the Americas since 1990. In Mexico, health program promotion at the community level was implemented by the Ministry of Health in 2001 to encourage community health status improvement. Despite the longtime of its implementation, evaluations of its efficiency and effectiveness are scarce.

Objective:
To evaluate the efficiency of the Healthy Environments and Communities Program (HECP) through 2 means: (1) efficiency of the implementation and (2) technical efficiency, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness.

Setting:
Target communities of the HECP of 32 Mexican states during 2013-2017. The HECP developed community interventions to improve community organization, health behaviors, and family and communitarian sanitation.

Methodology:
We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the efficiency of HECP implementation and estimated the inclusion of target communities (focalization index), the retention of communities (continuity index), and the desertion of communities in the program (desertion index). To evaluate the adequate use of the program resources (technical efficiency), we used data-enveloped analysis and the Tobit regression model to identify external factors that can influence results. Finally, to evaluate the program's effectiveness, we estimated the index of the communities that improved their health indicators and were certified as healthy (community certification).

Results:
The median rate of focalization was 3.44 (1.31-85.13); the continuity of communities' rate was 0.50 (0.16-2.67). Regarding technical efficiency to reach healthy communities, only 2 states reached the optimal efficiency (score 1); where the efficiency was adjusted for external factors, 6 states reached a score of 1. The median of global effectiveness was 0.19 (0.01-0.78). We found differences in efficiency and effectiveness scores among states.

Conclusion:
We found lower efficiency of the implementation and technical efficiency, as well as poor effectiveness of the program to reach healthy communities. To achieve HECP purpose, it is necessary to revise its guidelines, improve its strategies to work in communities, and establish the right mechanisms to monitor its implementation. It is essential to focus on the resources used to enhance technical efficiency and effectiveness at the community level.
Child Maltreatment: A Comparison of Wisconsin Children Identified in Health Care and Child Protective Services (CPS) Records, 2018-2019
Authors: Imm Pamela , Pac Jessica 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Child Protective Services (CPS) reports and health records (hospital inpatient and emergency department visits) are the primary data sources to measure child maltreatment; yet, they are not linked at the state or national level. Linking provides novel insight into the demographic characteristics of the populations served by one or both agencies, thus informing opportunities for prevention and intervention.

Objective:
This study compares children identified as maltreated in health records (based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-10-CM] codes indicating suspected or confirmed child maltreatment) and/or CPS reports.

Design:
Three mutually exclusive comparison groups were created: group 1- children with a nonfatal hospitalization and/or emergency department visit with a maltreatment ICD-10-CM code and an investigated CPS report; group 2- children with a maltreatment ICD-10-CM code in a health record without an investigated CPS report; and group 3- children with an investigated CPS report without a health record with a maltreatment ICD-10-CM code. Descriptive statistics and tests for statistically significant differences were conducted.

Setting and Participants:
Wisconsin children with maltreatment ICD-10-CM code in health record and/or CPS-investigated report from 2018 to 2019.

Main Outcome Measure:
Demographic and maltreatment type differences between groups.

Results:
Group 1 children were significantly younger than those in other groups (P <. 001), and group 2 children were significantly more female (69.6%; P < .001). Black children were overrepresented in all groups and most disproportionate among group 1 (39.5%; P < .001). Maltreatment type also differed significantly across groups.

Conclusions:
CPS staff and health providers encounter overlapping and nonoverlapping populations of children experiencing different types of maltreatment. Although interventions may be tailored toward the type of maltreatment and other relevant child characteristics, all populations could benefit from referrals and access to supportive social services. Agency contact provides an opportunity to intervene and support at-risk children and families.
Trauma history predicts decoupling of C-reactive protein and somatic symptoms: Results from a cohort study of sexual and gender minority youth
Authors: Schrock Joshua M. , Nusslock Robin , McDade Thomas W. , Mustanski Brian 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Systemic inflammation can induce somatic symptoms (e.g., pain, nausea, fatigue) through neuroimmune signaling pathways. Previous research suggests that early-life adversity amplifies signaling between peripheral inflammation and the brain. We therefore hypothesized that greater lifetime trauma exposure at baseline would predict stronger associations between systemic inflammation and somatic symptoms at 2.5-year follow-up in a cohort study of sexual and gender minority youth assigned male at birth (SGM-AMAB youth, n = 694).

Methods
We measured prior trauma exposure (lifetime count of traumatic event types reported at baseline), somatic symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory somatization score), and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α). All models included age, gender, education, recent trauma exposure, substance use, BMI, and HIV status as covariates.

Results
Higher C-reactive protein concentrations were associated with greater somatic symptoms in the main effects model (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.031). Contrary to our hypothesis, we observed a negative interaction between prior trauma exposure and C-reactive protein levels in predicting somatic symptoms (β = -0.017, 95% CI: -0.030, -0.004). Higher C-reactive protein was associated with greater somatic symptoms only in participants without prior trauma exposure at baseline (β = 0.044, 95% CI: 0.026, 0.062). Specificity analyses revealed similar patterns when non-somatic depressive symptoms were used as the outcome variable.

Conclusions
These results suggest that SGM-AMAB youth who have a history of prior trauma exposure may experience decoupling of systemic inflammation and somatic symptoms. The absence of inflammation-related symptoms may prevent individuals from seeking necessary medical care by reducing interoceptive awareness of pathological states.
The circuit basis for chronic pain and its comorbidities
Authors: Patel Ryan 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Chronic pain is poorly treated with many developing disabling comorbidities such as anxiety, depression and insomnia. Considerable evidence supports the idea that pain and anxiodepressive disorders share a common neurobiology and can mutually reinforce, which has significant long-term implications as the development of comorbidities leads to poorer treatment outcomes for both pain and mood disorders. This article will review recent advances in the understanding of the circuit basis for comorbidities in chronic pain.

Recent findings
A growing number of studies have aimed to determine the mechanisms underlying chronic pain and comorbid mood disorders by using modern viral tracing tools for precise circuit manipulation with optogenetics and chemogenetics. These have revealed critical ascending and descending circuits, which advance the understanding of the interconnected pathways that modulate the sensory dimension of pain and the long-term emotional consequences of chronic pain.

Summary
Comorbid pain and mood disorders can produce circuit-specific maladaptive plasticity; however, several translational issues require addressing to maximise future therapeutic potential. These include the validity of preclinical models, the translatability of endpoints and expanding analysis to the molecular and system levels.
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular autonomic regulation in sickle cell patients with white matter lesions
Authors: Ferreira De Matos Christophe , Cougoul Pierre , Zaharie Oana Maria , Kermorgant Marc , Pavy-Le Traon Anne , Gales Celine , Senard Jean-Michel , Strumia Mathilde , Bonneville Fabrice , Nasr Nathalie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of asymptomatic white matter lesions (WML) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been described to be very frequent in young adults. Cerebrovascular regulation and cardiovascular autonomic regulation, more specifically the sympatho-vagal balance can be altered in SCD.In this study we assessed the association between WML, cerebrovascular regulation and sympatho-vagal balance in SCD.MethodAdults with no history of stroke from a cohort of SCD patients were prospectively evaluated for, cerebrovascular regulation using Mx for autoregulation, breath holding test for cerebrovascular reactivity and cerebral arterial compliance calculated from arterial blood pressure and cerebral velocities. Sympatho-vagal balance was assessed using heart rate variability parameters. WML was assessed with MRI using Fazekas score grading and the presence of lacunar lesions.ResultsForty-one patients (F/M:25/16) were included. Median age was 37.5 (range 19-65). Twenty-nine (70,7%) patients had SS genotype, 7 patients (17,1%) had SC genotype and 5 (12,2%) patients had Sß° genotype. Among the 41 patients included, 11 patients had WML (26,8%). Patients with WML were significantly older (44.5 vs 30.6 years; p<0.001), had a lower HF (HF 157 ms2vs HF 467.6 ms2; p<0.005) and impaired cerebral arterial compliance (CaBVR 15.4 vs 37.3 cm3/mmHg; p<0.014). Cerebral blood flow velocities, reactivity to breath holding test and cerebral autoregulation parameters did not significantly differ between the two groups.ConclusionsLower parasympathetic activity and impaired cerebral arterial compliance were associated with WML in adults with SCD. This could potentially yield to a better understanding of pathophysiological parameters leading to premature cerebrovascular ageing in SCD patients.
Decoding the role of transcriptomic clocks in the human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Martínez-Magaña José J. , Krystal John H. , Girgenti Matthew J. , Núnez-Ríos Diana L. , Nagamatsu Sheila T. , Andrade-Brito Diego E. ,   Traumatic Stress Brain Research Group, Montalvo-Ortiz Janitza L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAging is a complex process with interindividual variability, which can be measured by aging biological clocks. Aging clocks are machine-learning algorithms guided by biological information and associated with mortality risk and a wide range of health outcomes. One of these aging clocks are transcriptomic clocks, which uses gene expression data to predict biological age; however, their functional role is unknown. Here, we profiled two transcriptomic clocks (RNAAgeCalc and knowledge-based deep neural network clock) in a large dataset of human postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples. We identified that deep-learning transcriptomic clock outperforms RNAAgeCalc to predict transcriptomic age in the human PFC. We identified associations of transcriptomic clocks with psychiatric-related traits. Further, we applied system biology algorithms to identify common gene networks among both clocks and performed pathways enrichment analyses to assess its functionality and prioritize genes involved in the aging processes. Identified gene networks showed enrichment for diseases of signal transduction by growth factor receptors and second messenger pathways. We also observed enrichment of genome-wide signals of mental and physical health outcomes and identified genes previously associated with human brain aging. Our findings suggest a link between transcriptomic aging and health disorders, including psychiatric traits. Further, it reveals functional genes within the human PFC that may play an important role in aging and health risk.
Profiling the effect of micronutrient levels on vital cardiac markers
Authors: Krishnamurthy Hari Krishnan , Reddy Swarnkumar , Jayaraman Vasanth , Krishna Karthik , Song Qi , Wang Tianhao , Bei Kang , Rajasekaran John J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the most preventable chronic disorders accounting for about one-third of general mortality around the globe. Micronutrients have been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. Micronutrients have been looked at as the most adoptable lifestyle choice which could reduce the burden of disease around the world. In this context, it is important to study the levels of micronutrients and see their correlation to cardiac disease biomarkers. The present study, has attempted to investigate the relationship between the diverse class of micronutrients and serum levels of the key lipids and lipoproteins. A retrospective analysis was carried out between the serum levels of micronutrients and vital cardiovascular markers. The study was carried out in a group of 358 individuals tested for the Cardio Health and Micronutrients Panel at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. The study population was categorized based on the serum concentration of lipids and lipoproteins into 3 groups ‘Low’ ‘Normal’ and ‘High’ and the levels of micronutrients were compared among these groups. The results revealed a significant association of several cardiovascular markers with vitamins including Vit D, Vit E, Vit K, and minerals including zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Quantitative analysis by Pearson’s correlation exhibited a negative correlation of asparagine with serum levels of cholesterol and LDL. Amino acids such as cysteine, isoleucine, and valine were found to have a significant negative correlation with HDL. A positive correlation was observed between valine and serum levels of LDL and Apo B. Vitamins such as Vit A, Vit D3, Vit E, and Vit K1 were found to have a strong positive correlation with levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. The study summarizes micronutrients and modulation of several lipid markers which are critical for the management of cardiovascular diseases. Micronutrients such as vitamins B1, B3, asparagine, and glutamine have a strong positive association, and fat-soluble vitamins, and BCAA has a strong negative association with cardiovascular health.
IntroducingSoNHR– Reporting guidelines for social networks in health research
Authors: Luke Douglas A. , Tsai Edward , Carothers Bobbi J. , Malone Sara , Prusaczyk Beth , Combs Todd B. , Vogel Mia T. , Neal Jennifer Watling , Neal Zachary P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe overall goal of this work is to produce a set of recommendations (SoNHR– Social Networks in Health Research) that will improve the reporting and dissemination of social network concepts, methods, data, and analytic results within health sciences research.MethodsThis study used a modified-Delphi approach for recommendation development consistent with best practices suggested by the EQUATOR health sciences reporting guidelines network. An initial set of 28 reporting recommendations was developed by the author team. A group of 67 (of 147 surveyed) experienced network and health scientists participated in an online feedback survey. They rated the clarity and importance of the individual recommendations, and provided qualitative feedback on the coverage, usability, and dissemination opportunities of the full set of recommendations. After examining the feedback, a final set of 18 recommendations was produced.ResultsThe final SoNHR reporting guidelines are comprised of 18 recommendations organized within five domains:conceptualization(how study research questions are linked to network conceptions or theories),operationalization(how network science portions of the study are defined and operationalized),data collection & management(how network data are collected and managed),analyses & results(how network results are analyzed, visualized, and reported), andethics & equity(how network-specific human subjects, equity, and social justice concerns are reported). We also present a set of exemplar published network studies which can be helpful for seeing how to apply the SoNHR recommendations in research papers. Finally, we discuss how different audiences can use these reporting guidelines.ConclusionsThese are the first set of formal reporting recommendations of network methods in the health sciences. Consistent with EQUATOR goals, these network reporting recommendations may in time improve the quality, consistency, and replicability of network science across a wide variety of important health research areas.
Air pollution and emotional behavior in adolescents across the U.S.
Authors: Campbell Claire E. , Cotter Devyn L. , Bottenhorn Katherine L. , Burnor Elisabeth , Ahmadi Hedyeh , Gauderman W. James , Cardenas-Iniguez Carlos , Hackman Daniel , McConnell Rob , Berhane Kiros , Schwartz Joel , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Herting Megan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies have linked air pollution to increased risk for behavioral problems during development, albeit with inconsistent findings. Additional longitudinal studies are needed that consider how emotional behaviors may be affected when exposure coincides with the transition to adolescence – a vulnerable time for developing mental health difficulties. This study examines how annual average PM2.5and NO2exposure at ages 9-10 years relates to internalizing and externalizing behaviors over a 2-year follow-up period in a large, nationwide U.S. sample of participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Air pollution exposure was estimated based on the residential address of each participant using an ensemble-based modeling approach. Caregivers answered questions from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at baseline and annually for two follow-up sessions for a total of 3 waves of data; from the CBCL we obtained scores on internalizing and externalizing problems plus 5 syndrome scales (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior, and attention problems). Zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to examine both the main effect of age as well as the interaction of age with each pollutant on behavior while adjusting for various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Overall, the pollution effects moderated the main effects of age with higher levels of PM2.5and NO2leading to an even greater likelihood of having no behavioral problems (i.e., score of zero) with age over time, as well as fewer problems when problems are present as the child ages. Albeit this was on the order equal to or less than a 1-point change. Thus, one year of annual exposure at 9-10 years is linked with very small change in emotional behaviors in early adolescence, which may be of little clinical relevance.
The Impact of Intensive Blood Pressure Management in the Post-Thrombolysis Setting: a real-world observational study
Authors: Harper Bethan , Ranta Syrah , McNaughton Harry , Ranta Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSystolic Blood pressure (SBP) >180mmHg following stroke thrombolysis has been associated with increased bleeding and poorer outcome. Aiming for the guideline SBP of <180mmHg often leads to SBP overshoot as treatment is only triggered if this threshold is passed. We tested whether a lower target would result in fewer high SBP protocol violations.MethodsThis is a prospective, single centre, sequential comparison of two blood pressure protocols. Between 2013 and 2017, the guideline based post-thrombolysis SBP target of <180mmHg was compared with a new protocol aiming for 140-160mmHg. Primary outcome was rate of patients with SBPs >180 mmHg. Secondary outcomes included rate of SBP <120 mmHg, antihypertensive infusion use, symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH), and 3-month functional independence (mRS 0-2). Results were adjusted for age, baseline function, and stroke severity using regression analysis.ResultsDuring the 23 months preceding and 18 months following the transition to the new protocol 68 and 100 patients were thrombolysed respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The odds of one or more SBPs >180mmHg trended lower in the intensive group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.32-1.17; p=0.14). There was a higher rate of SBPs <120mmHg (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 1.49-6.40; p=0.002) in the intensive BP protocol group. sICH rate and 3-month mRS 0-2 were similar between groups.ConclusionsThe more intensive post-thrombolysis BP protocol led to a significant increase in sub-optimally low BP events with a non-significant trend toward fewer high BP protocol violations and unaffected patient outcomes.
Prehospital Stroke Scales Outperform National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Predicting Large Vessel Occlusion in a Large Academic Telestroke Network
Authors: English Stephen W. , Chhabra Nikita , Hanus Abigail E. , Basharath Rida , Miller Monet , Butterfield Richard J. , Zhang Nan , Demaerschalk Bart M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith growing emphasis on prehospital identification of large vessel occlusion (LVO), some experts have advocated for prehospital involvement of vascular neurologists. Prehospital telestroke may improve triage and in-hospital treatment, but the accuracy of prehospital LVO scales in telestroke has not been investigated.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of telestroke consultations in a large academic telestroke network from 2019 to 2020. We assessed performance of 7 LVO scales using the NIHSS score at presentation (RACE, C-STAT, FAST-ED, 3I-SS, PASS, VAN, and G-FAST). We performed two analyses using different LVO definitions: (1) anterior LVO including occlusion of the internal carotid (ICA), middle cerebral (M1 or M2), or anterior cerebral (A1 or A2) arteries; and (2) any LVO including occlusion sites above plus basilar artery or posterior cerebral artery (P1 or P2). Diagnostic performance was assessed via sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy using established thresholds of each scale. These results were compared to NIHSS at thresholds of 6, 8, and 10. Area under curve (AUC) was calculated using c-statistics by treating scales as continuous variables.ResultsA total of 625 patients were included; 111 (17.8%) patients had an anterior LVO, 118 (18.9%) patients had any LVO, and 182 (29.1%) patients had stroke mimic diagnosis. Mean age (SD) was 67.9 (15.9), 48.3% were female, and 93.4% were white. Mean NIHSS (SD) was 14.9 (8.4) for patients with anterior LVO, 4.7 (5.0) for patients with non-LVO ischemic stroke, and 4.4 (5.8) for stroke mimic (p<0.001). Compared to the NIHSS, FAST-ED and RACE scales demonstrated higher accuracy and AUC for LVO detection.ConclusionsBoth the FAST-ED and RACE scales outperformed the NIHSS for LVO detection in patients evaluated by telestroke. These scales may be valid alternatives to the NIHSS examination in this setting.