bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and quantitative study of the postnatal development of the rabbit claustrum
Authors: Wójcik Sławomir , Dziewiątkowski Jerzy , Kowiański Przemysław , Ludkiewicz Beata , Jagalska‐Majewska Hanna , Moryś Janusz 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe morphometric analysis of changes occurring in the rabbit claustrum in the early postnatal period was performed by means of unbiased stereological methods. Material consisted of 40 animals aged from P2 to P180 (P—postnatal day) divided into eight groups. The volume of the claustrum, total number and numerical density of its neurons change very rapidly at the beginning of the postnatal life and stabilize by about the fourth week.From the 21st postnatal day distribution and morphology of neurons correspond to that in adults. Almost from the beginning of the postnatal life the rabbit claustrum is composed of three different parts: anterior, central and posterior. The anterior part is the largest and it consists mainly of fusiform, pyramidal and multipolar neurons. The central part is generally composed of oval neurons. The posterior part is the smallest; the distribution of its neuronal types is similar to that in the anterior one.Rapid morphological changes of the claustrum and its neurons occurring during the first postnatal month seem to point out that this structure is able to fulfill its physiological role after this critical period.
Color and Toxicity Removal following Tyrosinase‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Phenols
Authors: Ikehata Keisuke , Nicell James A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe products of phenol oxidation catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase, EC 1.14.18.1) were assessed in terms of their residual color and toxicity. The addition of aluminum sulfate had little effect on the removal of colored products from phenol solutions treated with tyrosinase. Although chitosan was used successfully to remove the color when added before the reaction initiation or after the reaction completion, the required dose of chitosan was lower when it was added after the reaction. In this case, the minimum doses of chitosan required to achieve 90% color removal were proportional to the logarithm of the initial concentration of phenol. The color removal induced by chitosan addition appeared to be the result of chemical interaction followed by a coagulation mechanism. All treated solutions of phenol and chlorophenols, except 2,4‐dichlorophenol, had substantially lower toxicities than their corresponding initial toxicities, as measured using the Microtox assay. Chitosan addition significantly enhanced the reduction in toxicity. The toxicities of the phenol solutions treated with tyrosinase were markedly lower than previously reported toxicities of solutions treated with peroxidase enzymes.
Steam‐Sterilizable, Fluorescence Lifetime‐Based Sensing Film for Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Chang Qing , Randers‐Eichhorn Lisa , Lakowicz Joseph R. , Rao Govind 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn autoclavable sensing film was developed for monitoring dissolved CO2. The sensing film, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), consisted of a fluorescent donor, an acceptor, and a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, which were doped in a two‐component silicone film. As no aqueous solution was used in the sensing film matrix, the sensing film was unaffected by osmotic pressure. Fluorescence lifetime was selected as the sensing parameter, and measured in frequency domain using phase fluorometry. Upon exposure to 20% CO2‐saturated water, a 43° increase in phase angle was observed at 100 MHz. The process was fully reversible when the sensing film was exposed to nitrogen‐saturated water. The estimated response and recovery times for 90% signal change were 1 min (for a step change from 0 to 6.7% CO2‐saturated water) and 1.5 min (for a step change from 6.7 to 3.3% CO2‐saturated water) . When used for on‐line monitoring of dissolved CO2 produced by a culture of Escherichia coli, the sensing film showed a similar trend to that obtained from off‐line measurements using a wet chemistry analyzer.
Comparison of spiral CT angiography with conventional digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of renal transplant donors: A pilot study
Authors: Chu Christopher , Young Noel , Lau Howard 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYConventional digital subtraction renal arteriography (IA‐DSA) has been traditionally used as the preoperative imaging modality for assessment of renal vascular anatomy for renal transplant donors. This study evaluates the potential use of spiral CT angiography in replacing IA‐DSA in the preoperative assessment of this group of patients. Seven patients underwent both spiral CT angiography and IA‐DSA between October 1997 and April 1998. It is concluded that spiral CT angiography can demonstrate the number, length and location of renal arteries and it is suggested that spiral CT angiography can potentially replace IA‐DSA in the preoperative assessment of renal donors.
Platelet activation in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Rauch U. , Ziegler D. , Piolot R. , Schwippert B. , Benthake H. , Schultheiss H. ‐P. , Tschoepe D. 
Published: July 2002

Summary Aims Platelet activation is known to be associated with arrhythmic effects in myocardial ischaemia. The present study attempts to clarify whether diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with intravascular platelet activation. Methods Platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometry analysis in 30 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus screened for diabetic complications. Fifteen patients showed evidence of CAN as assessed by a battery of standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Fifteen patients without CAN were then selected as a matched control group. Platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometric detection of activation‐dependent platelet membrane antigens (P‐selectin (CD62), thrombospondin, lysosomal GP53 (CD63) and ligand‐induced binding site‐1 of GPIIb/IIIa (LIBS‐1)). Results Significantly more activated platelets were detected in the patients with CAN showing 20.9% (coefficient of variation (CV) 44%) CD63+ (vs. 17.2% (CV 19%) in controls, P ≤ 0.05), 6.4% (CV 87%) CD62+ (vs. 4.1% (CV 37%), P ≤ 0.05), and 6.7% (CV 55%) thrombospondin+ (vs. 4.6% (CV 39%), P ≤ 0.01) platelets, respectively. LIBS‐1 on platelets was not significantly different between patients with and without CAN. No correlation was found between glucose metabolism and platelet activation. Conclusions Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is associated with platelet activation in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The high platelet activation may reflect an increased prothrombotic state in diabetic cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
Uraemic gangrene syndrome: is parathyroidectomy always necessary?
Authors: Scharrer K , Mako J , Vajda A , Baló‐Banga JM 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis report presents a case of uraemic gangrene syndrome with multiple ulcerations and calcium (Ca) deposits in the vessel walls. High‐dosage oral calcium carbonate (CaCO3) treatment alone resulted in rapid wound healing with decreased serum phosphorus (P), Ca × P product and parathormone and only slightly increased Ca levels. We suggest that this should be the first choice of treatment in such cases because positive clinical response can achieve symptom‐free status for the patient until kidney transplantation, thus making parathyroidectomy unnecessary.
Perylene: A promising organic field-effect transistor material
Authors: Schön J. H. , Kloc Ch. , Batlogg B. 
Published: July 2002

Field-effect transistors based on single crystalline perylene have been prepared and analyzed in the temperature range from 50 to 300 K. Room temperature electron mobilities as high as 5.5 cm2/V s have been achieved. In addition, ambipolar device operation, i.e., n- and p-channel activity, is observed. The temperature dependence of the electron and hole mobilities is discussed in the limits of hopping and band-like transport mechanisms.
At the request of the authors and editor, this article is being retracted 24 February 2003.
H+O3 Fourier-transform infrared emission and laser absorption studies of OH (X 2Π) radical: An experimental dipole moment function and state-to-state Einstein A coefficients
Authors: Nelson David D. , Schiffman Aram , Nesbitt David J. , Orlando John J. , Burkholder James B. 
Published: July 2002

The relative intensities of 88 pairs of rovibrational transitions of OH (X 2Π) distributed over 16 vibrational bands (v′≤9, Δv=−1,−2) have been measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) emission/absorption spectroscopy. Each pair of transitions originates from a common vibrational, rotational, and spin–orbit state, so that the measured relative intensities are independent of the OH number density and quantum state distribution. These data are combined with previous v=1←0 relative intensity absorption measurements and v=0, 1, and 2 permanent dipole moments to determine the OH dipole moment function as a cubic polynomial expanded about re, the equilibrium bond length. The relative intensities provide detailed information about the shape of the OH dipole moment function μ(r) and hence the absolute Einstein A coefficients.
The intensity information is inverted through a procedure which takes full account of the strong rotation–vibration interaction and spin uncoupling effects in OH to obtain the dipole moment function (with 95% confidence limits): μ(r)=1.6502(2) D+0.538(29) D/Å (r−re)−0.796(51) D/Å2 (r−re)2−0.739(50) D/Å3 (r−re), 3 with a range of quantitative validity up to the classical turning points of the v=9 vibrational level (i.e., from 0.70 to 1.76 Å). The μ(r) determined in this study differs significantly from previous empirical analyses which neglect the strong effects of rotation–vibration interaction and spin uncoupling. The present work also permits distinguishing between the various ab initio efforts. Best agreement is with the dipole moment function of Langhoff, Werner, and Rosmus [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 118, 507 (1986)], but their theoretical predictions for higher overtone transitions are still outside of the 2σ experimental error bars. Absolute Einstein A coefficients from the present μ(r) are therefore presented for P, Q, R branch transitions for Δv=1, 2, 3, v′≤9, J′≤14.5, in order to provide the most reliable experimental numbers for modeling of near IR atmosphere OH emission phenomena.
Multiphoton ionization studies of clusters of immiscible liquids. I. C6H6–(H2O)n, n=1,2
Authors: Gotch Albert J. , Zwier Timothy S. 
Published: July 2002

Resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) time-of-flight mass spectroscopy is used to record S0–S1 spectra of the neutral complexes C6H6–H2O, C6H6 –HDO, C6H6–D2O, C6H6–(H2O)2, and C6H6–(D2O)2. In C6H6–H2O, the lack of an S0–S1 origin transition and the presence of a splitting at 610 (which is absent in C6H6 –HDO) provide vibronic level evidence that the water molecule is on the sixfold axis undergoing internal rotation about that axis. Rotational band contour analysis of the 610 transitions of the isotopomers confirms this picture and also determines a ground state center-of-mass separation between C6H6 and D2O of 3.32±0.07 Å, very close to that predicted by ab initio calculations. R2PI scans of the van der Waals structure in the isotopic series C6H6–H2O, C6H6 –HDO, and C6H6–D2O provide tentative assignments for three of the six van der Waals modes in the complex. In C6H6–(H2O)2, rotational band contour analysis of the origin transition provides a best-fit structure in which the two water molecules reside on the same side of the benzene ring at a H2O–H2O separation close to that in the free water dimer.
Qualitatively, the structure of the 1:2 cluster is thus one which maximizes the strength of the water–water hydrogen bond at the expense of a somewhat poorer interaction of the second water molecule with the benzene ring in an off-axis geometry. Several intriguing features of the structure are suggested by our analysis, but are near the limit of our ability to distinguish from band contour fitting. Among these features are (i) the on-axis water molecule is pulled slightly in toward the ring from that in the 1:1 complex; (ii) the water dimer prefers an orientation bisecting a C–C bond in the benzene ring; (iii) the water–water separation is ∼0.2 Å less than that in the free water dimer; and (iv) the water dimer axis is tilted by about 10° relative to the plane of the benzene ring. Finally, the van der Waals structure in C6H6–(H2O)2 and C6H6–(D2O)2 suggests the possibility of large amplitude motion in these complexes as well. We postulate that this motion involves a hindered rotation of the on-axis water molecule.
Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities of the PFn and PF−n series, n=1–6
Authors: Tschumper Gregory S. , Fermann Justin T. , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: July 2002

A quantum mechanical study of the phosphorus fluorides and their singly charged anions was carried out. A range of density functional methods was used. Optimized geometries, adiabatic electron affinities, vertical electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, and stabilities toward the loss of a single fluorine atom or fluorine ion are reported. These properties were evaluated exhaustively using four exchange-correlation functionals: Becke’s 1988 exchange functional with the correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr, Becke’s 1988 exchange functional with the 1986 correlation functional of Perdew, Becke’s three parameter Hartree–Fock/density functional hybrid exchange functional with the correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr and Becke’s half-and-half Hartree–Fock/density functional hybrid exchange functional with the correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr (BHLYP). These exchange-correlation functionals were used in conjunction with a double-ζ plus polarization basis and a double-ζ plus polarization basis set which was augmented with an even tempered set of s and p diffuse functions. Less complete examinations of the local spin density approximation, Becke’s 1988 exchange functional with the 1991 correlation functional of Perdew and Wang are also reported.
Results were compared to the limited experimental data to see which combination of functional and basis set, if any, reproduced known results and could be expected to make accurate predictions where experimental data is absent. This comparison shows that the BHLYP exchange-correlation functional reproduces the known experimental geometrical parameters quite well. From work on related systems, the BHLYP method appears to predict the most reliable molecular electron affinities. With the double-ζ plus polarization basis set augmented with s and p diffuse functions, the predicted BHLYP adiabatic electron affinities are 0.71 eV (PF), 0.75 eV (PF2), 0 (PF3), 3.17 eV (PF4), and 1.25 eV (PF5). These theoretical electron affinities are expected to lie somewhat above the true values. The PF6 molecule is predicted to be dissociative with respect to PF5 and F, but PF−6 is significantly bound with respect to either PF5+F− or PF−5+F.
Frame: detection of genomic sequencing errors.
Authors: Brown N P , Sander C , Bork P 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: The underlying error rate for genomic sequencing sometimes results in the introduction of artificial frameshifts and in-frame stop codons into putative protein encoding genes. Severe errors are then introduced into the inferred transcripts through mis-translation or premature termination. RESULTS: We describe a system for screening segments of DNA for frameshift and in-frame stop errors in coding regions. The method is based on homology matching using blastx to compare all six reading frames of the query nucleotide sequence against selected protein sequence databases. Fragments of protein matching neighbouring regions of the query DNA are united and extended laterally to define candidate open reading frames, within which, frameshifts and stops are identified. Suitable targets include prokaryotic or other intron-free genomic sequence and complementary DNAs. As an example of its use, we report here two frameshifted ORFs that deviate from the original TIGR sequence annotations for the recently released Helicobacter pylori genome. AVAILABILITY: The tool is accessible via the URL http://www.sander.ebi.ac.uk/frame/. CONTACT: brown@ebi.ac.uk.
GenomePixelizer—a visualization program for comparative
genomics within and between species
Authors: Kozik A. , Kochetkova E. , Michelmore R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: GenomePixelizer is a visualization tool that generates custom images of the physical or genetic positions of specified sets of genes in whole genomes or parts of genomes. Multiple sets of genes can be shown simultaneously with user-defined characteristics displayed. It allows the analysis of duplication events within and between species based on sequence similarities. The program is written in Tcl/Tk and works on any platform that supports the Tcl/Tk toolkit. GenomePixelizer generates HTML ImageMap tags for each gene in the image allowing links to databases. Images can be saved and presented on web pages.
Availability: GenomePixelizer is freely available at http://niblrrs.ucdavis.edu/GenomePixelizer/GenomePixelizer_Welcome.html
Contact: akozik@atgc.org
Pharmacokinetics of the 8-methoxyquinolone, moxifloxacin: a comparison in humans and other mammalian species
Authors: Siefert H. M. , Domdey-Bette A. , Henninger K. , Hucke F. , Kohlsdorfer C. , Stass H. H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin was investigated in NMRI mice, Wistar rats, rhesus monkeys, beagle dogs, Göttingen minipigs and healthy human volunteers after iv and oral administration of moxifloxacin-HCl (single doses of moxifloxacin 9.2 mg/kg bodyweight) in animals and 100 mg moxifloxacin (1.4 mg/kg bodyweight po and 1.2 mg/kg bodyweight iv) in humans. The plasma concentration vs time courses of the unchanged compound (determined by HPLC) and the derived pharmacokinetic parameters were used to evaluate the absorption process, to compare the pharmacokinetics in these species and to perform an interspecies scaling. The results of the pharmacokinetic investigations indicate a clear dependence on the species. Moxifloxacin is absorbed quickly (rats, dogs, humans &gt; monkeys): the major portion of the dose reached the systemic circulation within the first 2 h. In the minipig absorption was slower. Bioavailability was high to moderate (91–52%) in all species. Protein binding ( fu ) was low (55–71%) in all species. The volume of distribution at steady state ( Vss ) was medium to large (2.0–4.9 L/kg) in all species. There were considerable differences in maximum concentrations ( Cmax,norm , 0.430–0.070 kg/L) and in AUC norm values (oral, 6.18–0.184 kg·h/L; iv, 7.51–0.237 kg·h/L). Total body clearance ( CL ) decreased with increasing bodyweight (4.21–0.132 L/(h·kg)). The mean residence time (MRT) decreased with decreasing bodyweight (15–0.88 h). The half-life ( t½ ) decreased with decreasing bodyweight (oral, 12–1.3 h, iv, 13–0.93 h). There was moderate to low renal excretion (iv, 20–6.2%), the renal clearance, ( CLR ) was in the range 0.615–0.0222 L/(h·kg). Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters determined after oral administration, the dog was most similar to the human in terms of Cmax , AUC and t½ . There was good correlation between bodyweight and CL (coefficient of correlation ( r ) = 0.959), Vss ( r = 0.990) and MRT ( r = 0.943). On the basis of preclinical studies a terminal half-life appropriate for once-daily dosing in humans was predicted and confirmed by Phase I data.
Induction of scattering and cellular invasion by trefoil peptides in src‐ and RhoA‐transformed kidney and colonic epithelial cells
Authors: EMAMI SHAHIN , FLOCH NATHALIE LE , BRUYNEEL ERIK , THIM LARS , MAY FELICITY , WESTLEY BRUCE , RIO MARIE‐CHRISTINE , MAREEL MARC , GESPACH CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTTrefoil factors (TFFs) are protease‐resistant peptides that promote epithelial cell migration and mucosal restitution during inflammatory conditions and wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract. To date, the molecular mechanism of TFFs action and their possible role in tumor progression are unclear. In the present study, we observed that premalignant human colonic PC/AA/C1 and canine kidney MDCK epithelial cells are not competent to invade collagen gels in response to exogenously added TFFs (pS2, spasmolytic polypeptide, and intestinal trefoil factor). In contrast, activated src and RhoA exert permissive induction of invasion by the TFFs that produce similar parallel dose‐response curves in src‐transformed MDCKts.src and PCmsrc cells (EC50 = 20–40 nM). Cell scattering is also induced by TFFs in MDCKts.src cells. Stable expression of the pS2 cDNA promotes constitutive invasiveness in MDCKts.src‐pS2 cells and human colonic HCT8/S11‐pS2 cells established from a sporadic tumor. Furthermore, we found that TFF‐mediated cellular invasion is dependent of several signaling pathways implicated in cell transformation and survival, including phosphoinositide PI3′‐kinase, phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and the rapamycin target TOR. Constitutive and intense expression of pS2 was revealed byWestern blot analyses and immunohistochemistry in human colorectal tumors and their adjacent control mucosa during the neoplastic progression, from the adenoma to the liver metastases. Our studies indicated that TFFs can be involved in cell scattering and tumor invasion via autocrine loops and may serve as potential targets in the control of colon cancer progression.—Emami, S., Le Floch, N., Bruyneel, E., Thim, L., May, F., Westley, B., Rio, M.‐C., Mareel, M., Gespach, C. Induction of scattering and cellular invasion by trefoil peptides in src‐ and RhoA‐transformed kidney and colonic epithelial cells. FASEB J. 15, 351‐361 (2001)
Envelope-Class Retrovirus-Like Elements Are Widespread, Transcribed and Spliced, and Insertionally Polymorphic in Plants
Authors: Vicient Carlos M. , Kalendar Ruslan , Schulman Alan H. 
Published: July 2002

Retrotransposons and retroviruses share similar intracellular life cycles and major encoded proteins, but retrotransposons lack the envelope (env) critical for infectivity. Retrotransposons are ubiquitous and abundant in plants and active retroviruses are known in animals. Although a few env-containing retroelements,gypsy-like Athila, Cyclops, andCalypso and copia-like SIRE-1, have been identified in plants, the general presence and functionality of the domain remains unclear. We show here that env-class elements are present throughout the flowering plants and are widely transcribed. Within the grasses, we show the transcription of the envdomain itself for Bagy-2 and related retrotransposons, all members of the Athila group. Furthermore, Bagy-2transcripts undergo splicing to generate a subgenomic envproduct as do those of retroviruses. Transcription and the polymorphism of their insertion sites in closely related barley cultivars suggests that at least some are propagationally active. The putative ENV polypeptides of Bagy-2 and rice Rigy-2 contain predicted leucine zipper and transmembrane domains typical of retroviral ENVs. These findings raise the prospect of active retroviral agents among the plants.[The sequence data described in this paper have been deposited as follows: Bagy-2 elements, EMBL accession nos.AF254799 and AJ279072; an alignment of 328 gypsy-likert sequences, accession no. DS44537; barley envsequences, accession nos. AJ298028–AJ298032; cDNA sequences for the spliced env subgenomic RNAs, accession nos.AJ311200–AJ311202; genomic sequences for env-classrt, accession nos. AJ295085–AJ295111; cDNA sequences forenv-class rt, accession nos. AJ295112–AJ295139; representatives of polymorphic Bagy-2 bands from IRAP gels, accession nos. AF363958, AF 363959, and AY029538.]