bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Computational Fluid Dynamics with Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound in Response to Physiological Stimuli
Authors: Caddy Harrison , Thomas Hannah J. , Kelsey Lachlan J. , Smith Kurt J. , Doyle Barry J. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cerebrovascular haemodynamics are sensitive to multiple physiological stimuli that require synergistic response to maintain adequate perfusion. Understanding haemodynamic changes within cerebral arteries is important to inform how the brain regulates perfusion, however methods for direct measurement of cerebral haemodynamics in these environments is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess velocity waveform metrics obtained using transcranial Doppler (TCD) with flow conserving subject-specific three-dimensional (3D) simulations relying on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Twelve healthy participants underwent head and neck imaging with 3 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography. Velocity waveforms in the middle cerebral (MCA) artery were measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) while diameter and velocity was measured using duplex ultrasound in the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries to calculate incoming cerebral flow at rest, during hypercapnia and exercise. CFD simulations were developed for each condition, with velocity waveform metrics extracted in the same insonation region as TCD. Exposure to stimuli induced significant changes in cardiorespiratory measures across all participants. Absolute measured TCD velocities were significantly higher than those calculated from CFD (all P < 0.05), and these data were not correlated across conditions (r range 0.030–0.377, all P > 0.05). However, relative changes in velocity from resting levels exhibited significant positive correlations when the distinct techniques were compared (r range 0.577–0.770, all P < 0.05). Our data indicate that whilst absolute measures of cerebral velocity differ between TCD and 3D CFD simulation, physiological changes from resting levels in time-averaged velocity are significantly correlated between these techniques.
Fresnel diffraction of Humbert beam of type-II by a helical axicon
Authors: Chib Salma , Khannous Fatima , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current study examines the diffraction of Humbert beam of type-II by a helical axicon based on the diffraction integral formula. The considered beam is a new donut beam family which generated by converting the Bessel-Gaussian beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with a SPP. For the diffracted beam produced by the stationary phase approach, we have formulated the intensity distribution. By adjusting the input beam features and the topological charge of the helical axicon, numerical simulations are carried out to examine the behavior of the diffracted beam.
Propagation of General Model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in maritime turbulence
Authors: Chib Salma , Khannous Fatima , Belafhal Abdelmajid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The propagation of General Model vortex Higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam (GMvHchGB) in a maritime atmospheric turbulence has been studied analytically by the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. Based on the derived formulae, we performed numerical simulations to study the impact of maritime atmospheric turbulence on the properties of this beam under various beam parameter settings. GMvHchGB cannot keep its shape unchanged when it travels a long distance through this medium. The impact of the incident parameters as Gaussian waist, Cosh parameter, wavelength, hollowness and order of the beam are numerically analyzed.
Microbiome-host interactions Involve in the Pathogenesis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yao , Mao Xiaoyan , Shi Pengfei , Wan Zongren , Yang Dan , Wang Baolan , Wang Jipeng , Wang JingJing , Zhu Rong , Ma Ting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) exhibits heterogeneity in clinical symptoms and phenotypes, and microbiome-host interactions play a crucial role in it. Our study aims to explore the potential mechanisms airway microbiome contributed to the acute exacerbation of COPD, so as to prepare for further research and intervention of COPD. Methods We enrolled 31 acute exacerbation stage and 26 stable stage COPD patients to collect their sputum samples for metagenomic and RNA sequencing, identify distinguished microbiome and different expressed genes (DEGs) to conduct bioinformatic analysis and clinical correlation analysis. Results In genus level,Fusobacterium(p < 0.001),Haemophilus(p = 0.007) expressed higher in acute exacerbation stage whileMoraxella(p = 0.039),Rothia(p = 0.032) andGranulicatella(p = 0.018) in the stable stage. In species level,Rothia mucilaginosa(p = 0.015) up-regulated in acute exacerbation stage andHaemophilus influenzae(p = 0.015) up-regulated in stable stage. DEGs enriched significantly in “type I interferon signaling pathway” (adjustedp = 0.001) and “defense response to virus” (adjustedp = 0.023) in GO enrichment analysis. 5 remarkable upregulated pathways were detected when DEGs were analyzed in KEGG PATHWAY database, which were “Influenza A” (p < 0.001, q = 0.012), “Herpes simplex infection” (p < 0.001, q = 0.014), “Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway” (p = 0.002, q = 0.024), “Toll-like receptor signaling pathway” (p = 0.006, q = 0.045), and “TNF signaling pathway” (p = 0.006, q = 0.045). 10 DEGs were screened as hub genes for further exploration. Besides, we found the hub gene OASL had a positive correlation with CAT score (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). ConclusionsHaemophilus influenzaeandMoraxellaregulate the pathogenesis of AECOPD through type I IFNs and TLRs signaling pathways, andRothia, a commonly considered anti-inflammatory bacteria, could be a valuable therapeutic target in COPD. Meanwhile, 9 hub genes were screened for further research as well.
Development of mechanical property prediction model and optimization for dissimilar aluminum alloy joints with the friction stir welding (FSW) process
Authors: Pookamnerd Yodprem , Thosa Panuwat , Charonerat Sittichai , Prasomthong Suriya 
Published: May 2023

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process used to weld dissimilar aluminum alloys with varying material properties and compositions. Unlike traditional welding methods, FSW does not involve melting the materials being welded but instead uses a rotating tool to heat and stir the materials until they are in a plastic state. The process results in a welded joint with high strength, excellent ductility, and minimal distortion, making it a popular choice in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and marine. AA6061-T6 (Mg-Si) and AA7075 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) aluminum alloys are one of the most popular grades of aluminum alloys used in current manufacturing industries, such as aerospace and automotive, joined by the Friction Stir Welding Process (FSW) technique. Taguchi orthogonal array (L9) experimental design was applied to reduce the number of insignificant factors in the process. First, the study determines three welding factors: rotation speed, travel speed, and pin eccentricity. Investigations found that travel speeds significantly on tensile strength (Ts) and elongation ( %El), but the rotational speed and tool eccentricity did not affect Ts and %El. Furthermore, considering the fabricated parameters on the hardness (HV) of the joint, it was found that all factors unaffected the HV of the joint zone at a 95 % confidence level. Next, examine the microstructure; Mg2Al3 and Al2O3 intermetallic compounds were found in the weld. Therefore, investigating the crystallite size found that welding significantly affects the crystallite size. Finally, consider the fracture surface, experimental condition A2B1C2 (optimal parameter), which is the parameter with the highest tensile strength having dimple fracture characteristics. On the other hand, the welding condition A1B3C3, the parameter with the lowest tensile strength, Small and fine dimple fracture with cleavage fracture. Because the material is highly ductile and can undergo large deformations before it is damaged. On the other hand, materials with low tensile strength exhibiting cleavage fracture indicate that the materials are brittle and can break easily under stress
Features of the course of stable exertional angina against the background of iron deficiency anemia in outpatient practice
Authors: Simion A. Yu. , Budnevsky A. V. , Ovsyannikov E. S. , Nekhaenko N. E. , Ostroushko N. I. , Brazhnikov N. O. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Iron-deficiency accompanies many diseases, including cardiovascular pathology, so timely diagnosis and correction of this condition is necessary.Aim. To study the features of the course of stable exertional angina against the background of iron deficiency anemia before and after correction with iron (III) polymaltose hydroxide in patients in primary health care using a computerized patient register.Materials and methods. 1210 patients with stable exertional angina aged 50–85 years (309 men, 901 women) were included. A special computer program was created for data analysis. In 500 out of 1210 patients, IDA was detected (385 women, 115 men). Mild anemia – 410 patients, moderate – 75, severe – 15. The main group – patients with stable exertional angina and Irondeficiency anemia (the first subgroup – patients treated with iron (III) polymaltose hydroxide and the second subgroup – patients who did not receive the drug iron (III) polymaltose hydroxide due to refusal of treatment or contraindications) and the control group – patients with stable exertional angina without Iron-deficiency anemia. All patients received standard therapy recommended for the treatment of stable exertional angina (the main group additionally received iron (III) polymaltose hydroxide).Results. In the first subgroup of the main group, after treatment with iron (III) hydroxide polymaltose, there was a statistically significant increase in hemoglobin levels by 11,7%, hematocrit by 5%, erythrocytes by 4%, serum iron by 112,8%, and an improvement in exercise tolerance by 48,7%, episodes of ST segment depression by 30,2%. In the second subgroup and the control group, there were no significant changes in the above parameters.Conclusion. Iron-deficiency anemia contributes to the severe course of stable exertional angina, which is confirmed by the high frequency of III-IV functional class exertional angina, a decrease in tolerance to exercise stress. Correction of Iron-deficiency anemia reduces the frequency of episodes of transient myocardial ischemia in the main group.
Improving sewage sludge treatment and utilisation in China: a German perspective on barriers to and measures for the dissemination of innovative technologies
Authors: Rohrbach Michaela , Zimmermann Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In China, there is enormous development potential for resource recovery from sewage sludge. Government plans indicate that there will be greater investment in sewage sludge treatment, recycling and associated new technologies. Expert interviews and an expert workshop with representatives of German firms and institutions were held in order to identify barriers to and possible measures for the dissemination of technologies geared towards the utilisation of sewage sludge, such as anaerobic digestion, thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation. The following measures were identified as crucial: influence and support for the development of suitable regulations for sewage sludge in China, improvement in the processes and practices within specialised authorities, improved knowledge transfer, the development of appropriate business or operator models and persuasion of decision-makers within public authorities. German companies cannot implement most of these measures easily.
Lipid extraction in the primary sludge generated from urban wastewater treatment: characteristics and seasonal composition analysis
Authors: Villalobos-Delgado Felipe de Jesus , Reynel-Avila Hilda Elizabeth , Mendoza-Castillo Didilia Ileana , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A seasonal study of the lipid composition of a primary sludge (dry and dewatered base) obtained from an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Aguascalientes (Mexico) is reported. This study assessed the variability in sludge composition to establish its potential as a raw material for biodiesel production. Lipid recovery was achieved by extraction using two solvents. Hexane was employed for lipid extraction from dry sludge, whereas hexane and ethyl butyrate were used for comparison with dewatered sludge. The formation (%) of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) was determined using extracted lipids. The extraction results from the dry sludge showed 14 and 6% of recovered lipids and their conversion to biodiesel, respectively. For the dewatered sludge, the lipid recovery and biodiesel formation were 17.4 and 60% using hexane, and 23 and 77% for ethyl butyrate, respectively, on a dry basis. Statistical data indicated that lipid recovery depended on the physicochemical characteristics of sewage sludge, which were related to seasonal changes, population activities, and changes in plant configuration, among other factors. These variables must be considered in the design of large-scale extraction equipment for the application and commercial exploitation of biomass waste in biofuel production.
Potential Role of Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Pediatric Patients
with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Duarte Abreu Maria Augusta , de Castro Pedro Alves Soares Vaz , Moreira Fernanda Rocha Chaves , de Oliveira Ferreira Henrique , Simões e Silva Ana Cristina 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Cardiovascular Disease is the leading cause of death in adult and pediatric
patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its pathogenesis involves the interaction of multiple
pathways. As Inflammatory mechanisms play a critical role in the vascular disease of CKD pediatric patients,
there are several biomarkers related to inflammation strongly associated with this comorbidity.

Objective:
This review provides available evidence on the link between several biomarkers and the
pathophysiology of heart disease in patients with CKD.

Methods:
The data were obtained independently by the authors, who carried out a comprehensive and
non-systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and SciELO databases. The search terms were
“Chronic Kidney Disease”, “Cardiovascular Disease”, “Pediatrics”, “Pathophysiology”, “Mineral and
Bone Disorder (MBD)”, “Renin Angiotensin System (RAS)”, “Biomarkers”, “BNP”, “NTproBNP”,
“CK-MB”, “CXCL6”, “CXCL16”, “Endocan-1 (ESM-1)”, “FABP3”, “FABP4”, h-FABP”, “Oncostatin-
M (OSM)”, “Placental Growth Factor (PlGF)” and “Troponin I”.

Results:
The pathogenesis of CKD-mediated cardiovascular disease is linked to inflammatory biomarkers,
which play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of cardiovascular
disease. There are several biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in pediatric patients, including
BNP, NTproBNP, CK-MB, CXCL6, CXCL16, Endocan-1 (ESM-1), FABP3, FABP4, Oncostatin-
M (OSM), Placental Growth Factor (PlGF), and Troponin I.

Conclusion:
The pathogenesis of CKD-mediated cardiovascular disease is not completely understood,
but it is linked to inflammatory biomarkers. Further studies are required to elucidate the pathophysiological
and potential role of these novel biomarkers.
Clinical Features, Socioeconomic Status, Management, and Outcomes of
Acute Heart Failure: PEACE MENA Registry Phase I Results
Authors: AlBackr Hanan , Alhabib Khalid F. , Sulaiman Kadhim , Jamee Amal , Sobhy Mohamed , Benkhedda Salim , Dada Sobhi , Hammoudeh Ayman , Gamra Habib , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Alkindi Fahad , Amin Mohammad I , Yousif Magdi G. , Farhan Hasan A. , Fellat Nadia , Almahmeed Wael , Jarallah Mohammad Al , Panduranga Prashanth , Abdelhamid Magdy , Ghaly Ihab , Djermane Dahlia , Chibane Ahcene , Skouri Hadi , Jarrah Mohamad , Amor Hassen , Alsagheer Nora K. , Hozayen Mohammed A. , Ahmed Hosameldin S. , Ali Muhammad , Ullah Anhar , Saleh Ayman Al , Zannad Faiez 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
PEACE MENA (Program for the Evaluation and Management of Cardiac
Events in the Middle East and North Africa) is a prospective registry in Arab countries for in-patients
with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute heart failure (AHF). Here, we report the baseline characteristics
and outcomes of in-patients with AHF who were enrolled during the first 14 months of the
recruitment phase.

Methods:
A prospective, multi-centre, multi-country study including patients hospitalized with AHF
was conducted. Clinical characteristics, echocardiogram, BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide), socioeconomic
status, management, 1-month, and 1-year outcomes are reported

Results:
Between April 2019 and June 2020, a total of 1258 adults with AHF from 16 Arab countries
were recruited. Their mean age was 63.3 (±15) years, 56.8% were men, 65% had monthly income
≤US$ 500, and 56% had limited education. Furthermore, 55% had diabetes mellitus, 67% had hypertension;
55% had HFrEF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction), and 19% had HFpEF (heart failure
with preserved ejection fraction). At 1 year, 3.6% had a heart failure-related device (0-22%) and 7.3%
used an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (0-43%). Mortality was 4.4% per 1 month and 11.77%
per 1-year post-discharge. Compared with higher-income patients, lower-income patients had a higher
1-year total heart failure hospitalization rate (45.6 vs 29.9%, p=0.001), and the 1-year mortality difference
was not statistically significant (13.2 vs 8.8%, p=0.059).

Conclusion:
Most of the patients with AHF in Arab countries had a high burden of cardiac risk factors,
low income, and low education status with great heterogeneity in key performance indicators of AHF
management among Arab countries.
Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance among HIV-1 Patients in the
Aegean Region: Results from the Western Part of Turkey
Authors: Tekin Duygu , Sertoz Ruchan , Erensoy Selda , Biceroglu Servet , Kaptan Figen , Köse Sukran , Ozkan Hulya , Cetin Banu , Türken Melda , Gokengin Deniz 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to analyze the antiretroviral drug resistance in antiretroviral
treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients in the Aegean Region of Turkey from 2012 to 2019.

Methods:
The study included 814 plasma samples from treatment-naïve HIV-positive patients.
Drug resistance analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing (SS) between 2012-2017 and by
next-generation sequencing sequencing (NGS) between 2018-2019. SS was used to analyze resistance
mutations in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) gene regions using a ViroSeq
HIV-1 Genotyping System. PCR products were analyzed with an ABI3500 GeneticAnalyzer (Applied
Biosystems). The sequencing of the HIV genome in the PR, RT, and integrase gene regions
was carried out using MiSeq NGS technology. Drug resistance mutations and subtypes were interpreted
using the Stanford University HIV-1 drug resistance database.

Results:
Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was detected in 34/814 (4.1 %) samples. Nonnucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(NRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) mutations were identified in 1.4 % (n =12), 2.4 % (n =20), and
0.3 % (n = 3) of samples, respectively. The most common subtypes were B (53.1 %), A (10.9%),
CRF29_BF (10.6%), and B + CRF02_AG (8,2%). The most common TDR mutations were E138A
(3.4%), T215 revertants (1.7%), M41L (1.5%), and K103N (1.1%).

Conclusion:
Transmitted drug resistance rate in the Aegean Region is compatible with national and
regional data. Routine surveillance of resistance mutations may guide the safe and correct selection
of initial drug combinations for antiretroviral therapy. The identification of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant
forms in Turkey may contribute to international molecular epidemiological data.
Adverse Effects Post COVID-19 Vaccination and its Association with Age,
Gender and Comorbid Disease in Basrah City Southern of Iraq
Authors: Abdul-Nabi Zainab Najim , Mohamed-Jawad Noor Kadhim , Fareed Noor Yousif , Neamah Nadheerah Falih , Shari Falah Hassan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Vaccination against COVID-19 virus is the most valuable tool available
for protection during the pandemic of coronavirus. The clinical manifestation post-vaccination is a
barrier to vaccination for many people in Iraq and worldwide.

Objective:
The objective of this study is identifying various clinical manifestations occurring after
receiving vaccines among individuals in Basrah Governorate. Moreover, we examine its association
with respondents’ demographics and the type of vaccine they received.

Methods:
A cross-section study was conducted in Basrah, southern Iraq. Research data were collected
through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and analytic
statistical tools using the SPSS program.

Results:
Most of the participants (86.68%) received the vaccine. The side effects were reported in
71.61% of vaccinated individuals. Fever and muscle pain were the two most experienced clinical
manifestations, while lymph node enlargement and disturbances in taste and/or smell sensations
were reported infrequently. Adverse effects were mostly reported with the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine
receiver. Females and those in the younger age group also reported a significantly higher incidence
of side effects.

Conclusion:
Most adverse effects related to the COVID-19 vaccine were minor and could be tolerated
without the need for hospital admission.
IDRnet: A Novel Pixel-enlightened Neural Network for Predicting Protein Subcellular Location Based on Interactive Pointwise Attention
Authors: Zou Kai , Wang Ziqian , Zhu Suwan , Wang Simeng , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2023

Background:Traditional approaches to protein subcellular pattern analysis are primarily based on feature concatenation and classifier design. However, highly complex structures and poor performance are prominent shortcomings of these traditional approaches. In this paper, we report the development of an end-to-end pixel-enlightened neural network (IDRnet) based on Interactive Pointwise Attention (IPA) for the prediction of protein subcellular locations using immunohistochemistry (IHC) images. Patch splitting was adopted to reduce interference caused by tissue microarrays, such as bubbles, edges, and blanks. The IPA unit was constructed with a Depthwise and Pointwise convolution (DP) unit, and a pointwise pixel-enlightened algorithm was applied to modify and enrich protein subcellular location information.Methods:IDRnet was able to achieve 97.33% accuracy in single-label IHC patch images and 88.59% subset accuracy in mixed-label IHC patch images, and outperformed other mainstream deep learning models. In addition, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was adopted to visualize the spatial information of proteins in the feature map, which helped to explain and understand the IHC image's abstract features and concrete expression form.Results:IDRnet was able to achieve 97.33% accuracy in single-label IHC patch images and 88.59% subset accuracy in mixed-label IHC patch images, and outperformed other mainstream deep learning models. In addition, Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) was adopted to visualize the spatial information of proteins in the feature map, which helped to explain and understand the IHC image's abstract features and concrete expression form.