bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risks of adverse events with venlafaxine and mirtazapine versus ‘active placebo’, placebo, or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder: a protocol for two separate systematic reviews with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Jørgensen Caroline Kamp , Juul Sophie , Siddiqui Faiza , Horowitz Mark Abie , Moncrieff Joanna , Munkholm Klaus , Hengartner Michael Pascal , Kirsch Irving , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder causes a great burden on patients and societies. Venlafaxine and mirtazapine are commonly prescribed as second-line treatment for patients with major depressive disorder worldwide. Previous systematic reviews have concluded that venlafaxine and mirtazapine reduce depressive symptoms, but the effects seem small and may not be important to the average patient. Moreover, previous reviews have not systematically assessed the occurrence of adverse events. Therefore, we aim to investigate the risks of adverse events with venlafaxine or mirtazapine versus ‘active placebo’, placebo, or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder in two separate systematic reviews.

Methods
This is a protocol for two systematic reviews with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. The assessments of the effects of venlafaxine or mirtazapine will be reported in two separate reviews. The protocol is reported as recommended by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols, risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool version 2, clinical significance will be assessed using our eight-step procedure, and the certainty of the evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. We will search for published and unpublished trials in major medical databases and trial registers. Two review authors will independently screen the results from the literature searches, extract data, and assess risk of bias. We will include published or unpublished randomised clinical trial comparing venlafaxine or mirtazapine with ‘active placebo’, placebo, or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder. The primary outcomes will be suicides or suicide attempts, serious adverse events, and non-serious adverse events. Exploratory outcomes will include depressive symptoms, quality of life, and individual adverse events. If feasible, we will assess the intervention effects using random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses.

Discussion
Venlafaxine and mirtazapine are frequently used as second-line treatment of major depressive disorder worldwide. There is a need for a thorough systematic review to provide the necessary background for weighing the benefits against the harms. This review will ultimately inform best practice in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42022315395.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and asthma severity and vice versa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Donghao , Zhou Yanyan , Chen Riken , Zeng Xiangxia , Zhang Sun , Su Xiaofen , Luo Yateng , Tang Yongkang , Li Shiwei , Zhuang Zhiyang , Zhao Dongxing , Ren Yingying , Zhang Nuofu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a great association between the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma. Nonetheless, whether OSA impacts lung function, symptoms, and control in asthma and whether asthma increases the respiratory events in OSA are unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and asthma severity and vice versa.

Methods
We carried out a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus from inception to September 2022. Primary outcomes were lung function, parameters of polysomnography, the risk of OSA in more severe or difficult-to-control asthmatic patients, and the risk of asthma in patients with more severe OSA. Heterogeneity was examined with the Q test and I2 statistics. We also performed subgroup analysis, Meta-regression, and Egger’s test for bias analysis.

Results
34 studies with 27,912 subjects were totally included. The results showed that the comorbidity of OSA aggravated lung function in asthmatic patients with a consequent decreased forced expiratory volume in one second %predicted (%FEV1) and the effect was particularly evident in children. %FEV1 tended to decrease in adult asthma patients complicated with OSA, but did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, the risk of asthma seemed to be slightly lower in patients with more severe OSA (OR = 0.87, 95%CI 0.763–0.998). Asthma had no significant effect on polysomnography, but increased daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in OSA patients (WMD = 0.60, 95%CI 0.16–1.04). More severe asthma or difficult-to-control asthma was independently associated with OSA (odds ratio (OR) = 4.36, 95%CI 2.49–7.64).

Conclusion
OSA was associated with more severe or difficult-to-control asthma with decreased %FEV1 in children. The effect of OSA on lung function in adult patients should be further confirmed. Asthma increased daytime sleepiness in OSA patients. More studies are warranted to investigate the effect of asthma on OSA severity and the impact of different OSA severity on the prevalence of asthma. It is strongly recommended that people with moderate-to-severe or difficult-to-control asthma screen for OSA and get the appropriate treatment.
Evaluation of an ex vivo fibrogenesis model using human lung slices prepared from small tissues
Authors: Sun Ying , Jing Pengyu , Gan Helina , Wang Xuejiao , Zhu Ximing , Fan Jiangjiang , Li Haichao , Zhang Zhipei , Lin James Chi Jen , Gu Zhongping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in the preclinical research of respiratory diseases, such as organoids and organ tissue chip models, but they still cannot provide insight into human respiratory diseases well. Human lung slices model provides a promising in vitro model for the study of respiratory diseases because of its preservation of lung structure and major cell types.

Methods
Human lung slices were manually prepared from small pieces of lung tissues obtained from lung cancer patients subjected to lung surgery. To evaluate the suitability of this model for lung fibrosis research, lung slices were treated with CdCl2 (30 μM), TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) or CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 for 3 days followed by toxicity assessment, gene expression analysis and histopathological observations.

Results
CdCl2 treatment resulted in a concentration-dependent toxicity profile evidenced by MTT assay as well as histopathological observations. In comparison with the untreated group, CdCl2 and TGF-β1 significantly induces MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression but not MMP1. Interestingly, CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 significantly induces the expression of MMP1 but not MMP2, MMP7 or MMP9. Microscopic observations reveal the pathogenesis of interstitial lung fibrosis in the lung slices of all groups; however, CdCl2 plus TGF-β1 treatment leads to a greater alveolar septa thickness and the formation of fibroblast foci-like pathological features. The lung slice model is in short of blood supply and the inflammatory/immune-responses are considered minimal.

Conclusions
The results are in favor of the hypothesis that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is mediated by tissue damage and abnormal repair. Induction of MMP1 gene expression and fibroblast foci-like pathogenesis suggest that this model might represent an early stage of IPF.
Family connections in the treatment of relatives of people with eating disorders and personality disorders: study protocol of a randomized control trial
Authors: Guillén Verónica , Arnal Antonio , Pérez Sandra , Garcia-Alandete Joaquín , Fernandez-Felipe Isabel , Grau Antoni , Botella Cristina , Marco José Heliodoro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious disorders that significantly affect not only the lives of patients, but also those of their family members who often experience high levels of burden, suffering and helplessness. If, in addition to ED, the patient has a personality disorder (PD), the psychological distress experienced by family members can be devastating. However, few treatments have been developed for family members of people with ED and PD. Family Connections (FC) is a programme that has been shown to be effective for family members of people with borderline personality disorder. The overall aims of this work are: (a) to adapt FC for application to family members of patients with BPD-PD (FC: ED-PD); (b) to analyse, in a randomised controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of this programme in a Spanish population, compared to a control condition consisting of treatment as usual optimised treatment (TAU-O); (c) to analyse the feasibility of the intervention protocol; (d) to analyse whether the changes that may occur in relatives are related to improvements in the family climate and/or improvements observed in patients; and (e) to analyse the perceptions and opinions of relatives and patients about the two intervention protocols.

Methods
The study uses a two-arm randomised controlled clinical trial with two experimental conditions: adaptation of FC programme (FC: ED-PD) or Treatment as usual optimised (TAU-O). Participants will be family members of patients who meet DSM-5 criteria for ED and PD or dysfunctional personality traits. Participants will be assessed before and after treatment and at one-year follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle will be used when analysing the data.

Discussion
The results obtained are expected to confirm the effectiveness of the programme and its good acceptance by family members.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05404035. Accepted: May 2022.
Shape-altering flexible plasmonics of in-situ deformable nanorings
Authors: Tao Wei , Laible Florian , Hmima Abdelhamid , Maurer Thomas , Fleischer Monika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanorings (NRs) with their intrinsic cavities have attracted interest as plasmonic nanoparticles for years, due to the uniform electric field enhancement inside the cavity, lower plasmon damping effects and comparatively high refractive index sensitivities. In the present work, we successfully fabricated a series of Au NR arrays on flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrates by taking advantage of state-of-the-art fabrication methods such as electron beam lithography and wet-etching transfer techniques. In-situ optical measurements on these flexible systems are enabled by implementing a homemade micro-stretcher inside an optical reflection spectroscopy setup. The corresponding dark-field spectra of thin-walled NR arrays exhibit a strong shift to longer wavelengths (i.e., ~ 2.85 nm per 1% strain) under polarization perpendicular to the traction, mainly resulting from the increasing shape deformation of the NRs under strain. Moreover, numerical simulations illustrate that the shifting plasmonic mode has a radially-symmetric charge distribution of the bonding mode and is rather sensitive to the tuning of the NRs’ shape as confirmed by a subsequent in-situ scanning electron microscope characterization. These results explore the possibilities of shape-altering flexible plasmonics for nanoparticles with a cavity and indicate potential applications for plasmonic colors and biochemical sensing in future work.
Graphical Abstract
Image sharpening algorithms improve clarity of surgical field during 3D heads-up surgery
Authors: Nakajima Kosuke , Inoue Makoto , Takahashi Aya , Yoshikawa Yuji , Mizuno Masaharu , Koto Takashi , Ishida Tomoka , Oshika Tetsuro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Image-sharpening algorithms with color adjustments enable real-time processing of the surgical field with a delay of 4 msec for heads-up surgery using digital three-dimensional displays. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the algorithms with the Artevo 800® digital microscope.

Methods
Seven vitreoretinal surgeons evaluated the effects of image-sharpening processing on the clarity of the surgical field with the Artevo 800® system that is used for cataract and vitreous surgeries. The scorings were made on a 10-point scale for anterior capsulotomy, phacoemulsification, cortex aspiration, core vitrectomy, and peeling of an epiretinal membrane or an internal limiting membrane. In addition, the images during the internal limiting membrane peeling were processed with or without color adjustments. We also evaluated the skewness (asymmetry in the distribution of the pixels) and kurtosis (sharpness in the distribution of the pixel) of the images to evaluate the contrast with each intensity of image-sharpening.

Results
Our results showed that the mean visibility score increased significantly from 4.9 ± 0.5 at 0% (original image) to 6.6 ± 0.5 at 25% intensity of the image-sharpening algorithm (P < 0.01). The visibility scores of the internal limiting membrane increased significantly from 0% (6.8 ± 0.3, no color adjustments) to 50% after the color adjustments (7.4 ± 0.4, P = 0.012). The mean skewness decreased significantly from 0.83 ± 2.02 at 0% (original source) to 0.55 ± 1.36 at 25% intensity of the image-sharpening algorithm (P = 0.01). The mean kurtosis decreased significantly from 0.93 ± 2.14 at 0% (original image) to 0.60 ± 1.44 at 25% intensity of the image-sharpening algorithm (P = 0.02).

Conclusions
We conclude that the image-sharpening algorithms can improve the clarity of the surgical field during 3D heads-up surgery by decreasing the skewness and kurtosis.

Trial registration
This was a prospective clinical study performed at a single academic institution, and the procedures used were approved by the Institutional Review Committee of the Kyorin University School of Medicine (reference number, 1904). The procedures also conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
REal-world treatment outcomes after delayed intRavitreal therapy in center-involving diabetic macular edema – RETORT study
Authors: Chitturi Sai Prashanti , Venkatesh Ramesh , Mangla Rubble , Parmar Yash , Sangoram Rohini , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare real-life data on delayed intravitreal treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) patients to early treatment.

Methods
In this single-centre, retrospective, interventional, comparative study, DME patients were divided into two groups based on when they received treatment: Group 1 - received treatment within 24 weeks and Group 2 - at or after 24 weeks from the time of treatment advice. Visual acuity and central subfield thickness (CSFT) changes were compared at various time points. Reasons for delaying treatment were noted.

Results
The study included 109 (Group 1–94; Group 2–15) eyes. When treatment was advised, demographic profile, diabetes duration, glucose control and VA between two groups were comparable. At this point, CSFT was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.036). At injection time, Group 2 had better VA and lower CSFT than Group 1 (p < 0.05). Group 2’s VA (53.4 ± 12.67) was significantly lower than Group 1’s (57.38 ± 20.01) after 1-year treatment. At 1-year, CSFT decreased in Group 1 and increased in Group 2. Group 1 had mean improvement of + 7.6 letters and Group 2 had a decline of -6.9 letters. Group 2 required more intravitreal anti-VEGF (median – 3; IQR: 2–4), steroid injections (median – 4; IQR: 2–4) and focal laser sessions (median – 4; IQR: 2–4).

Conclusion
Late-treated DME eyes needed more injections and focal laser sessions than early treated eyes. Adherence to early treatment of DME in real-life will help prevent long-term vision loss.
Content analysis of health-related subjects in the K12 school curricula of Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, Guam, Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, and Fiji
Authors: Nishio Akihiro , Shibuya Fumiko , de los Reyes Calvin S. , Estrada Crystal Amiel M. , Gregorio Ernesto R. , Sari Dian Puspita , Warnaini Cut , Kadriyan Hamsu , Cruz Maria Sandra M. , Hattori-Uchima Margaret , Dacanay Paul , Dacanay Rudelyn , Enos Hillia Langrine , Ngirmang Tarmau Terry , Khalif Mohamed , Volavola Saula Golea , Tomokawa Sachi , Kigawa Mika , Kobayashi Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a component of health promoting school, a school curriculum for health education was considered a fundamental. This survey aimed to identify the components of health-related topics and in which subjects were they taught.MethodsFour topics were chosen: (i) hygiene, (ii) mental health, (iii) nutrition-oral Health, and (iv) environmental education related to global warming in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Before gathering the curricula from partner countries, school health specialists were gathered to discuss the appropriate components of a curriculum that required evaluation. The survey sheet was distributed to and answered by our partner in each country.ResultsAbout hygiene, individual practices or items that improve health-related were widely covered. However, items that imparted health-related education from an environmental perspective were not widely covered. About mental health, two types of country groups were identified. The first group included countries that taught mental health topics mainly as part of morals or religion; the second group included countries that imparted mental health topics mainly as part of health. The first group focused mainly on communication skills or coping methods. The second group focused not only on communication and coping skill but also on basic knowledge of mental health. About nutrition-oral education, three types of country groups were identified. One group imparted nutrition-oral education mainly in terms of health or nutrition. Another group imparted this topic mainly in terms of morals, home economics, and social science. The third group was the intermediate group. About ESD, a solid structure for this topic was not identified in any country. Many items were taught as part of science, while some were taught as part of social studies. Climate change was the most commonly taught item across all countries. The items related to environment were relatively limited compared to those related to natural disasters.ConclusionsOverall, two different approaches were identified: the cultural-based approach, which promotes healthy behaviors as moral codes or community-friendly behaviors and the science-based approach, which promotes children’s health through scientific perspectives. Policymakers should initially consider the findings of this study while making decisions on which approach should be taken.
Outcomes of near-miss/adverse perioperative events during elective and emergency non-cardiac surgeries that required unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit of a tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mylavarapu Krishna Kumar , Joshi Aditya , Kapoor Rajan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The near-miss/adverse events during elective and emergency non-cardiac surgeries requiring unplanned admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the perioperative period are not known. Patients undergoing elective and emergency (E) noncardiac surgeries classified according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) (I–IV) were studied.

Results
From 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2020, 6584 patients above 18 years underwent non-cardiac surgeries at a tertiary care center in eastern India, of which 87.3% (n = 5754) were elective surgical cases, and 12.5% (n = 826) were emergency surgeries. 0.98% of the patients (n = 65) (26 men and 39 females) had serious adverse/near-miss events requiring unplanned admission to the ICU, of these, 50.7% (n = 33) were elective cases, in ASA PS I 12.3% (n = 8), ASA II 27.6% (n = 18) ASA III 9.2% (n = 6) and ASA IV 1.53% (n = 1) respectively and 49.3% (n = 32) were emergency cases in ASA PS I (E) 13.8% (n = 9) (13.8%), ASA II (E) 26.1% (n = 17), ASA III(E) 4.6% (n = 3) and ASA IV(E) 4.6% (n = 3) respectively. Near miss events were mainly due to (a) cardiac-related events seen in 37.5% (n = 25) patients, (b) hemorrhage seen in 25% (n = 16), and (c) airway-related issues seen in 16.1% (n = 11) patients respectively. The adverse events were mainly due to drug-related errors in 21.4% (n = 13) patients. 13.84% (n = 9) patients had died and 86.16% (n = 56) had survived due to the availability of critical care services.
Emergency surgeries 25% (8 out of 32 patients) had a higher mortality rate due to adverse/near-miss events compared to elective surgeries which were 3.03% (1 out of 33 cases) respectively.

Conclusions
Emergency non-cardiac surgeries were associated with higher rates of adverse/near-miss events. Early recognition and prompt management of critical adverse events during intraoperative and postoperative periods with the help of critical care facilities may improve clinical outcomes.
Polydomus karssenii gen. nov. sp. nov. is a dark septate endophyte with a bifunctional lifestyle parasitising eggs of plant parasitic cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.)
Authors: Ashrafi Samad , Wennrich Jan-Peer , Becker Yvonne , Maciá-Vicente Jose G. , Brißke-Rode Anke , Daub Matthias , Thünen Torsten , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Finckh Maria R. , Stadler Marc , Maier Wolfgang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study fungal strains were investigated, which had been isolated from eggs of the cereal cyst nematodeHeterodera filipjevi, and roots ofMicrothlaspi perfoliatum(Brassicaceae). The morphology, the interaction with nematodes and plants and the phylogenetic relationships of these strains originating from a broad geographic range covering Western Europe to Asia Minor were studied. Phylogenetic analyses using five genomic loci including ITSrDNA, LSUrDNA, SSUrDNA,rpb2andtef1-αwere carried out. The strains were found to represent a distinct phylogenetic lineage most closely related toEquiseticolaandOphiosphaerella, andPolydomus karssenii(Phaeosphaeriaceae,Pleosporales) is introduced here as a new species representing a monotypic genus. The pathogenicity tests against nematode eggs fulfilled Koch’s postulates using in vitro nematode bioassays and showed that the fungus could parasitise its original nematode hostH.filipjevias well as the sugar beet cyst nematodeH.schachtii, and colonise cysts and eggs of its hosts by forming highly melanised moniliform hyphae. Light microscopic observations on fungus-root interactions in an axenic system revealed the capacity of the same fungal strain to colonise the roots of wheat and produce melanised hyphae and microsclerotia-like structure typical for dark septate endophytes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy further demonstrated that the fungus colonised the root cells by predominant intercellular growth of hyphae, and frequent formation of appressorium-like as well as penetration peg-like structures through internal cell walls surrounded by callosic papilla-like structures. Different strains of the new fungus produced a nearly identical set of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including nematicidal effects irrespective of their origin from plants or nematodes.