bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial patterns of seed dispersal of four shrubs in a Cistus-Erica shrubland from central Spain
Authors: Moreno José M. , Zuazua Eva , Torres Iván , Parra Antonio , Moreno-Fenoll Clara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Mediterranean shrublands are composed of species that have different regeneration strategies after fire and soil seed bank types. However, differences over the years in seed dispersal temporal and spatial patterns of the various plants composing a community have been little investigated. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial patterns of seed dispersal in four shrubs of an old (> 40 years) shrubland in central Spain. Three of them are seeders (Cistus ladanifer, Erica umbellata, and Salvia rosmarinus), and one is a resprouter (Erica arborea); the first two have persistent soil seed banks, and the latter two, transient. A 15 × 10 m plot was chosen and divided into a 0.5 × 0.5 m grid, where plant cover and density were measured. At 106 quadrats, seed traps were set and periodically (1–2 monthly) monitored for 3 years.

Results
S. rosmarinus dispersed in late spring-early summer, E. arborea dispersed during the summer, and C. ladanifer and E. umbellata dispersed from early summer to nearly late spring of the next year. Globally, seeds were being dispersed all year round. The seed crop size of a given species varied between years, although species differed in the year their seed crop was largest, despite large differences in climate. Seed rain and plant cover of each species were poorly related in terms of the variance explained by the models. Semivariogram analysis showed that seed dispersal expanded beyond that of the plant cover of each species by a few meters. No association between seed crop size and spatial dependence was ascertained. While species dispersal in space tended to be negatively related to one another, E. arborea seeds tended to dominate underneath the majority of the other species.

Conclusions
S. rosmarinus dispersed before the fire season, which is consistent with seeds avoiding fire while on the plant; C. ladanifer and E. umbellata dispersed mostly after the fire season, which is coherent with a bet-hedging strategy against seed predators; E. arborea dispersed before the rainy season, which is expected for a plant that germinates readily after imbibition. Seed dispersal in time was compatible with the type of soil seed bank and post-fire regeneration of the species. The evidence of such a relationship with spatial patterns was weak. The dominance of E. arborea seeds underneath most of the other species suggests that this mid-successional species might dominate when openings form due to the deaths of standing plants of the seeders between two fires, given their lower longevity.
Evidence that the domesticated fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus recycles its cytoplasmic contents as nutritional rewards to feed its leafcutter ant farmers
Authors: Leal-Dutra Caio Ambrosio , Yuen Lok Man , Guedes Bruno Augusto Maciel , Contreras-Serrano Marta , Marques Pedro Elias , Shik Jonathan Zvi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLeafcutter ants farm a fungal cultivar (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) that converts inedible vegetation into food that sustains colonies with up to millions of workers. Analogous to edible fruits of crops domesticated by humans, L. gongylophorus has evolved specialized nutritional rewards—swollen hyphal cells called gongylidia that package metabolites and are consumed by ant farmers. Yet, little is known about how gongylidia form, and thus how fungal physiology and ant provisioning collectively govern farming performance. We explored the process of gongylidium formation using advanced microscopy to image the cultivar at scales of nanometers, and both in vitro experiments and in silico analyses to examine the mechanisms of gongylidia formation when isolated from ant farmers. We first used transmission electron, fluorescence, and confocal microscopy imaging to see inside hyphal cells. This imaging showed that the cultivar uses a process called autophagy to recycle its own cellular material (e.g. cytosol, mitochondria) and then shuttles the resulting metabolites into a vacuole whose continual expansion displaces other organelles and causes the gongylidium cell’s bulging bulb-like appearance. We next used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to link this intracellular rearrangement to the external branching patterns of gongylidium cells as they clump together into edible bundles called staphyla. We next confirmed that autophagy plays a critical role in gongylidium formation both: (1) in vitro as gongylidium suppression occurred when isolated fungal cultures were grown on media with autophagy inhibitors, and (2) in silico as differential transcript expression (RNA-seq) analyses showed upregulation of multiple autophagy gene isoforms in gongylidia relative to undifferentiated hyphae. While autophagy is a ubiquitous and often highly derived process across the tree of life, our study reveals a new role for autophagy as a mechanism of functional integration between ant farmers and their fungal crop, and potentially as a signifier of higher-level homeostasis between uniquely life-time committed ectosymbionts.
Health-Related Quality of Life With Nivolumab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma From CheckMate 649
Authors: Moehler Markus , Xiao Hong , Blum Steven I. , Elimova Elena , Cella David , Shitara Kohei , Ajani Jaffer A. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Garrido Marcelo , Shen Lin , Yamaguchi Kensei , Liu Tianshu , Schenker Michael , Kowalyszyn Ruben , Bragagnoli Arinilda Campos , Bruges Ricardo , Montesarchio Vincenzo , Pazo-Cid Roberto , Hunter Shannon , Davenport Eric , Wang Jinyi , Kondo Kaoru , Li Mingshun , Wyrwicz Lucjan 
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE In CheckMate 649, first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy prolonged overall survival versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced/metastatic non–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We present exploratory patient-reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS In patients (N = 1,581) concurrently randomly assigned 1:1 to nivolumab plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy and in those with tumor PD-L1 expression at a combined positive score (CPS) of ≥5, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the EQ-5D and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gastric (FACT-Ga), which included the FACT-General (FACT-G) and Gastric Cancer subscale (GaCS). The FACT-G GP5 item assessed treatment-related symptom burden. Longitudinal changes in HRQoL were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures in the PRO analysis population (randomly assigned patients with baseline and ≥1 postbaseline assessments). Time to symptom or definitive deterioration analyses were also conducted. RESULTS In the PRO analysis population (n = 1,360), PRO questionnaire completion rates were mostly >80% during treatment. Patient-reported symptom burden was not increased with nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy. Mean improved changes from baseline were greater with nivolumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for FACT-Ga total, GaCS, and EQ-5D visual analog scale in patients with a CPS of ≥5; results were similar for the overall PRO analysis population. In CPS ≥5 and all randomly assigned populations, nivolumab plus chemotherapy reduced the risk of symptom deterioration versus chemotherapy, on the basis of FACT-Ga total score and GaCS; time to definitive deterioration was longer, and the risk of definitive deterioration in HRQoL was reduced with nivolumab plus chemotherapy across EQ-5D and most FACT-Ga measures (hazard ratio [95% CI] <1). CONCLUSION Compared with chemotherapy alone, first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy showed stable or better on-treatment HRQoL in patients with advanced/metastatic non–HER2-positive GC/GEJC/EAC and also showed decreased risk of definitive HRQoL deterioration.
Circulating miRNAs Detect High vs Low Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Patients Living With Obesity
Authors: Makarenkov Nataly , Haim Yulia , Yoel Uri , Pincu Yair , Tarnovscki Tanya , Liberty Idit F , Kukeev Ivan , Baraf Lior , Dukhno Oleg , Zilber Oleg , Blüher Matthias , Rudich Assaf , Veksler-Lublinsky Isana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
The severity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation in individuals with obesity is thought to signify obesity subphenotype(s) associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. Yet, this tissue is not accessible for direct sampling in the nonsurgical patient.

Objective
We hypothesized that circulating miRNAs (circ-miRs) could serve as biomarkers to distinguish human obesity subgroups with high or low extent of VAT inflammation.

Methods
Discovery and validation cohorts of patients living with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery (n = 35 and 51, respectively) were included. VAT inflammation was classified into low/high based on an expression score derived from the messenger RNA levels of TNFA, IL6, and CCL2 (determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Differentially expressed circ-miRs were identified, and their discriminative power to detect low/high VAT inflammation was assessed by receiver operating characteristic–area under the curve (ROC-AUC) analysis.

Results
Fifty three out of 263 circ-miRs (20%) were associated with high-VAT inflammation according to Mann-Whitney analysis in the discovery cohort. Of those, 12 (12/53 = 23%) were differentially expressed according to Deseq2, and 6 significantly discriminated between high- and low-VAT inflammation with ROC-AUC greater than 0.8. Of the resulting 5 circ-miRs that were differentially abundant in all 3 statistical approaches, 3 were unaffected by hemolysis and validated in an independent cohort. Circ-miRs 181b-5p, 1306-3p, and 3138 combined with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) exhibited ROC-AUC of 0.951 (95% CI, 0.865-1) and 0.808 (95% CI, 0.654-0.963) in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, providing strong discriminative power between participants with low- vs high-VAT inflammation. Predicted target genes of these miRNAs are enriched in pathways of insulin and inflammatory signaling, circadian entrainment, and cellular senescence.

Conclusion
Circ-miRs that identify patients with low- vs high-VAT inflammation constitute a putative tool to improve personalized care of patients with obesity.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Preoperative Hemoglobin and Outcomes After Major Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Bing-Cheng , Lei Shao-Hui , Liu Jia-Ming , Qiu Shi-Da , Yao Zhi-Wen , Liu Jian , Deng Fan , Li Zhi-Hao , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Preoperative anemia is an established risk factor for morbidity and mortality after surgery. Men and women have different hemoglobin concentrations and are at different risks of postoperative complications. However, sex-stratified analysis on the association between preoperative hemoglobin and outcomes after noncardiac surgery has been limited in previous studies

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery in a large academic hospital. The primary outcome was a collapsed composite of postoperative mortality or cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and infectious complications during hospitalization. Sex-specific univariable associations between preoperative hemoglobin and the composite outcome were visualized using moving-average and cubic-spline smoothing plots. Multivariable regression models adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, medication uses, laboratory tests, and anesthesia/surgery features were used to estimate confounder-adjusted associations. Restricted cubic spline and piecewise linear functions were used to assess the possible nonlinear relationships between preoperative hemoglobin and the outcomes. The interaction between patient sex and hemoglobin on outcomes was assessed using a likelihood-ratio test.

RESULTS:
We included 22,550 patients, with 6.7% (622 of 9268) of women and 9.7% (1293 of 13,282) of men developing the primary outcome. Lower preoperative hemoglobin was associated with a higher incidence of the primary composite outcome in both men and women. Nonlinearity for the association was not statistically significant in either women (P = .539) or men (P = .165). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios per 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.98; P = .013) for women and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97; P < .001) for men, with no interaction by sex (P
interaction = .923). No hemoglobin thresholds were confirmed at which the associations with the primary outcome changed significantly.

CONCLUSIONS:
Low preoperative hemoglobin was associated with a higher risk of complications or mortality after elective noncardiac surgery in both men and women. No differences in the strength of associations between sexes were found. Further studies are needed to assess whether these associations are linear or there are sex-specific thresholds of preoperative hemoglobin concentrations below which postoperative risks begin to increase.
Narrating the Future: A World-Literary Take on the Crisis of Imagination and the Novel
Authors: Bekhta Natalya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article intervenes in the current debates that revolve around the possibility of imagining and narrating utopian projects and alternative futures. Very often these debates culminate in the diagnosis that the future is too complex to be adequately represented in narrative form and that the imagination more generally is in crisis. To move beyond what increasingly seems like an impasse in this theoretical discourse, the author suggests that the inquiry should take into account the heterogeneity of futural visions across the world-literary field by shifting the focus from its core regions to the semi-periphery. Reframing the problem of the future as that of collective action rather than of complexity, the author proposes that the perceived failure of narrative imagination is, in fact, an expression of the generic limits of the novel, limits that are particularly visible on the world-literary semi-periphery. To illustrate these points, the author offers an analysis of Taras Antypovych's Khronos (2011) and discusses how the pervasive concern with the future structurally manifests itself in the contemporary Ukrainian novel as a lack of transformative collective agency.
Controlled Chemical Construction in Nature: Unified Biogenesis Accounting for Synthesis of Fungal Dimeric Anhydrides
Authors: Minami Atsushi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Controlled chemical construction is a characteristic feature of enzymes in the synthesis of structurally complicated natural products. One of the most representative examples of such a construction is dimerization for the synthesis of fungal dimeric anhydrides (FDAs). The initial biosynthetic proposal for the synthesis of FDAs was reported in 1965. Subsequently, nearly half a century later, unified biogenesis for the synthesis of structurally diverse FDAs was proposed through the identification and mechanistic analysis of the dimerization enzyme. This review presents an overview of the dimerization mechanism and discusses the structural diversification strategy of nature.
Qualitative analysis of the coding of pathological data of cancer registry centers: A study in North of Iran
Authors: Jahani Mohammad-Ali , Mahmoudi Ghahraman , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Farhadi Zeinab , Mousavi Raziehsadat 
Published: September 2023

Background
The cancer registry system is an important part of the cancer control program. Improper coding of cancers leads to misclassification and incorrect statistical information about cancer. Therefore, in this study, the main objective of the qualitative analysis was the accuracy in assigning the codes to the pathological reports in the centers responsible for cancer registry.

Methods
This study was descriptive, retrospective and applied. The data source in this study included 15,659 pathology reports received during the years 2017–2019 in the population-based cancer registry centers of Mazandaran province. Out of 1800 reports, 1765 samples of reports were selected and analysis was done on them by stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made checklist was used to collect data, and the Kappa agreement coefficient and Cohen’s agreement percentage were presented to check the accuracy of the reports. STATA13 was used for data analysis.

Results
1150 of 1765 pathology reports (65.0%), did not have a topographic, morphological and behavioral codes and 410 (23.2%) had grade codes. The Kappa coefficient in reports with a topography code was 0.916 and with a morphology code it was 0.929, respectively. In behavior coding, the highest agreement is in the category of benign cancers at 65.2% and in grade coding in the category without grade is 100%.

Conclusion
The most reports were on carcinoma morphology, and the Kappa coefficient in morphology codes has almost complete reliability. In terms of behavior coding, there was the most agreement in the category of benign cancers. The Kappa coefficient in given behavior codes has low reliability.
Socioeconomic status and subjective well-being: The mediating role of class identity and social activities
Authors: Wang Baoqin , Zhao Hang , Shen Hao , Jiang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Background
Subjective well-being has a significant impact on an individual’s physical and mental health. Socioeconomic status, class identity, and social activity participation play important roles in subjective well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to uncover the mechanisms through which these factors influence subjective well-being.

Methods
A total of 1926 valid samples were recruited using the Chinese General Social Survey 2021 (CGSS 2021). The Chinese Citizen’s Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS-CC) was employed to assess subjective well-being. Socioeconomic status was measured using income and education, and class identity and social activity participation were measured using Likert scales. Pearson correlation analysis and the chain mediation model were conducted to explore the relationship between these factors. Finally, the Bootstrap method was used to examine the path coefficients.

Results
A significant correlation was found between socioeconomic status, class identity, social activity, and subjective well-being (p < 0.01). The indirect effect of socioeconomic status on subjective well-being mediated by class identity was 0.351 (95% CI: 0.721, 1.587), while the indirect effect of socioeconomic status on subjective well-being mediated by social activity was 0.380 (95% CI: 0.059, 0.240). The effect mediated by both class status and social activities was 0.011 (95% CI: 0.010, 0.093).

Conclusions
The study showed that socioeconomic status, class identity, and social activity had significant effects on subjective well-being. Class identity and social activity partially mediated the effects of socioeconomic status on subjective well-being, and they had a chain mediating effect between socioeconomic status and subjective well-being. Therefore, policymakers have the opportunity to enhance subjective well-being in lower socioeconomic status groups by promoting individual class identity and encouraging greater social activity participation.
Latitude and longitude as drivers of COVID-19 waves’ behavior in Europe: A time-space perspective of the pandemic
Authors: Martínez-Portillo Alejandro , Garcia-Garcia David , Leon Inmaculada , Ramis-Prieto Rebeca , Gómez-Barroso Diana 
Published: September 2023

Background
Social restrictions and vaccination seem to have shaped the pandemic development in Europe, but the influence of geographical position is still debated. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic spread through Europe following a particular direction, during the period between the start of the pandemic and November 2021. The existence of a spatial gradient for epidemic intensity is also hypothesized.

Methods
Daily COVID-19 epidemiological data were extracted from Our World in Data COVID-19 database, which also included vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions data. Latitude and longitude of each country’s centroid were used as geographic variables. Epidemic periods were delimited from epidemic surge data. Multivariable linear and Cox’s regression models were performed for each epidemic period to test if geographical variables influenced surge dates. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to test the spatial gradient hypothesis with three epidemic intensity measures.

Results
Linear models suggest a possible west-east shift in the first epidemic period and features a significant association of NPIs with epidemic surge delay. Neither latitude nor longitude had significant associations with epidemic surge timing in both second and third periods. Latitude displays strong negative associations with all epidemic intensity measures in GAM models. Vaccination was also negatively associated with intensity.

Conclusions
A longitudinal spread of the pandemic in Europe seems plausible, particularly concerning the first wave. However, a recurrent trend was not observed. Southern Europe countries may have experienced increased transmissibility and incidence, despite climatic conditions apparently unfavourable to the virus.
Analisis Kadar dan Mutu Ecoenzim Kulit Nanas Dalam Pengawetan Buah Anggur dan Buah Tomat
Authors: Pravitasari Nadya , Astuti Andari , Maharani Endang 
Published: September 2023

Buah tomat dan Buah annggur setelah pemanenan masih melakukan proses metabolisme sehingga berpotensi mengalami kerusakan. Buah yang dipanen setelah timbul warna 10% sampai dengan 20% hanya tahan disimpan maksimal selama 7 hari pada suhu kamar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ecoenzim dalam proses pengawetan buah anggur dan buah tomat. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit buah nanas kering, setengah kering dan basah.. Penelitian menggunakan uji eksperimen acak lengkap dengan variasi perlakuan yang diberikan adalah tanpa diberi ekoenzim, perbandingan ekoenzim 6:4 , perbandingan 4;6, dan ekoenzim murni. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air, suhu, mutu buah. Data aktivitas uji ekoenzim kulit nanas pada buah anggur dan buah tomat ceri dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Data hasil pegujian ekoenzim dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti pelapisan lilin ataupun agar-agar. Dalam penyimpanan dala pengawetan juga dipengaruhi oleh suhu semakin rendah bakteri yang ada dalam buah akan melambat dan dapat mengurangi proses pembusukan. Kandungan dalam ekoenzim sangan aman karena terbuat dari kulit buah dan mengalami proses fermentasi yang menghasilkan mikroba hidup yang baik bagi tubuh.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Onggok Aren dan Ampas Tebu sebagai Inovasi Batako Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Antika Aisyah Rindi , Ashara Hilda Ari , Setiabudi Bambang , H Hartono 
Published: September 2023

Batako merupakan bahan bangunan dinding yang saat ini banyak dipilih karena dinilai lebih efisien dalam segi pemasangan. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah padat berupa onggok aren dan ampas tebu sebagai inovasi batako ramah lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Parameter yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai kuat tekan dan daya serap air yang diatur dalam SNI 03-0349-1989. Persentase abu ampas tebu yang akan ditambahkan adalah 0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dari berat semen dan onggok aren sebesar 1% dari berat pasir dengan menggunakan FAS (Faktor Air Semen) sebesar 0,35. Nilai kuat tekan rata-rata dan penyerapan air yang dihasilkan adalah 10,52 Mpa dan 5,4%, 15,76 Mpa dan 4,9%, 17,62 Mpa dan 4,6%, 23,65 Mpa dan 4,5%, dan 5,14 Mpa dan 7,9%. Penggunaan kedua material ini dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan batako secara optimal pada persentase abu ampas tebu 7,5% dan onggok aren 1%. Inovasi ini dapat mengurangi limbah dan menjadi peluang bisnis batako bagi masyarakat setempat dengan biaya lebih rendah.