bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus Leaves Extract in Carbon-tetrachloride-induced Hepatic and Hematological Injuries in Rats
Authors: Mohammed Usman , Mohammed Abdulrashid , Mhya Daniel Hassan , Gabriel Simon Mafulul , Dahiru Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Aims: Chemical toxicity is one of the major leading causes of tissues injuries, which impair the tissue’s ability to maintain normal physiological functions. Pterocarpus erinaceus is a medicinal plant use as traditional remedy for the treatment of several disorders associated with tissues injuries. This study therefore aimed at investigating tissues protective efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves extract in carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic and hematological injuries in rats.
Materials and Methods: Leaves of Pterocarpus erinaceous after collection were air-dried and pulverized. It was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extracts were used. Acute toxicity and hepatoprotective studies against CCl4 toxicity were conducted. Rats were grouped into; Group 1: Normal control (liquid paraffin, vehicle 1ml.kg), Group 2: Negative control (received 1ml/kg CCl4), Group 3: Positive control (received 1ml/kg CCl4 +100ml/kg Silymarin), Group 4-6: Extract treated rats (received 1ml/kg CCl4 + varied doses of Extracts at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of rats). The treatment was done daily via oral means for 14 days.
Results: The results of the acute toxicity study showed Pterocarpus erinaceus extract safe with LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. This study reveals Pterocarpus erinaceus able to ameliorate CCl4 toxicity by minimizing damage to hepatic and hematological tissues. Histological study of the rats’ hepatic cells further unveils the protective ability of the plant extract against severity of CCl4-mediate hepatic architectural damage.
Conclusion: Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves possess components with tissue-protective properties hence the need to harness it for utilization.
Exposure to Agent Orange and Risk of Bladder Cancer Among US Veterans
Authors: Williams Stephen B. , Janes Jessica L. , Howard Lauren E. , Yang Ruixin , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Kuo Yong-Fang , Tyler Douglas S. , Terris Martha K. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceTo date, limited data exist regarding the association between Agent Orange and bladder cancer, and the Institute of Medicine concluded that the association between exposure to Agent Orange and bladder cancer outcomes is an area of needed research.ObjectiveTo examine the association between bladder cancer risk and exposure to Agent Orange among male Vietnam veterans.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) retrospective cohort study assesses the association between exposure to Agent Orange and bladder cancer risk among 2 517 926 male Vietnam veterans treated in the VA Health System nationwide from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2019. Statistical analysis was performed from December 14, 2021, to May 3, 2023.ExposureAgent Orange.Main Outcomes and MeasuresVeterans exposed to Agent Orange were matched in a 1:3 ratio to unexposed veterans on age, race and ethnicity, military branch, and year of service entry. Risk of bladder cancer was measured by incidence. Aggressiveness of bladder cancer was measured by muscle-invasion status using natural language processing.ResultsAmong the 2 517 926 male veterans (median age at VA entry, 60.0 years [IQR, 56.0-64.0 years]) who met inclusion criteria, there were 629 907 veterans (25.0%) with Agent Orange exposure and 1 888 019 matched veterans (75.0%) without Agent Orange exposure. Agent Orange exposure was associated with a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer, although the association was very slight (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06). When stratified by median age at VA entry, Agent Orange was not associated with bladder cancer risk among veterans older than the median age but was associated with increased bladder cancer risk among veterans younger than the median age (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.10). Among veterans with a diagnosis of bladder cancer, Agent Orange was associated with lower odds of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study among male Vietnam veterans, there was a modestly increased risk of bladder cancer—but not aggressiveness of bladder cancer—among those exposed to Agent Orange. These findings suggest an association between Agent Orange exposure and bladder cancer, although the clinical relevance of this was unclear.
Guanidinate Ligand Stabilized Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes, Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Rajput Sagrika , Nembenna Sharanappa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGuanidines are important organic components in terms of their multidimensional application, such as crucial synthons in organic chemistry, potential Lewis basic nature, and finally, acts as a versatile ligand in the field of coordination chemistry. Its variational coordination modes with different metals across the periodic table are well summarized in the literature. Though the transition elements take the lead in the guanidinate metal chemistry, there are some reports on the main group metal guanidinate complexes. This piece of work summarizes a detailed study of the recent advances in the coordination chemistry of guanidinate alkaline earth metal complexes and their catalytic applications.
The Development of Metal‐Based Antioxidants as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Nilewar Shrikant , Afroz Tahmina , Dunn Sarah , Del Bosque Nora , Green Kayla N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cancer continues to be a worldwide challenge for therapeutic design. Metal complexes have played a strong role as anticancer agents and they continue to be explored thanks to their versatility and success to date. Recent studies have shown that delivery of an antioxidant concomitant to chemotherapy enhances positive patient outcomes. While metal complexes with antioxidant activity are abundant, the number of studies of such compounds with anticancer activity is low. As a result of this and other studies, dual‐acting antioxidant and anticancer agents are gaining interest. Examples of these studies are presented focusing on the coordination chemistry, anticancer results, and antioxidant mechanisms for complexes reported since 2015.
Epilepsy in hypothalamic hamartomas: semiology spectrum and predictor analyses of 78 patients
Authors: Wang Xiu , Liu Chang , Zheng Zhong , Hu Wenhan , Zhang Chao , Yang Xiaoli , Shao Xiaoqiu , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess seizure semiology and disease evolution in a large number of hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) patients.MethodsSeizure semiology and associated medical records for 78 patients with HH‐related epilepsy were retrospectively reviewed. Potential predictors of seizure types were assessed through univariate and binary logistic regression analyses.Results57 (73.1%) patients presented with gelastic seizures at the onset of epilepsy, of whole 39 (68.4%) experienced additional seizure types with a mean latency interval of 4.59 years. Automatism, version, and sGTCs were increasingly common with disease evolution. The intraventricular size of HH was significantly negatively correlated with the disease evolution interval (r = −0.445,p = 0.009). A significantly higher rate of patients with automatism in the DF‐II group relative to the DF‐III group was found in bothχ2(X = 6.07,p = 0.014) and logistic regression analyses (B = 3.196,p = 0.020).InterpretationGelastic seizures are the most common initial seizure type in HH patients, but variable semiologies occur with disease evolution. The intraventricular HH lesion size is an important determinant of epilepsy evolution. DF‐II HH lesions contribute to a higher chance of automatism evolution. The present study furthers our understanding of the dynamic organization of the seizure network affected by HH.
Sex Differences in Pain and Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vogel Kelly , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Song Jing , Neogi Tuhina , Bingham Clifton O. , Bolster Marcy B. , Marder Wendy , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Clauw Daniel J. , Dunlop Dorothy , Lee Yvonne C. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWomen with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher pain and worse functional outcomes compared to men, even when treated with similar medications. The objective of this study was to identify sex differences in pain intensity, pain interference, and quantitative sensory tests (QST), which are independent of inflammation, in patients with RA.MethodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of participants in the Central Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort. Pain intensity was assessed using a 0–10 numeric rating scale. Pain interference was measured using a Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System computerized adaptive test. QST included pressure pain detection thresholds, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation. Women and men were compared using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, education, race, research site, depression, obesity, RA disease duration, swollen joint count, and C‐reactive protein.ResultsMean ± SD pain intensity was 5.32 ± 2.29 among women with RA, compared to 4.60 ± 2.23 among men with RA (adjusted difference 0.83 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 1.53]). Women with RA had lower pressure pain detection thresholds at the trapezius (adjusted difference –1.22 [95% CI –1.73, –0.72]), wrist (adjusted difference –0.57 [95% CI –1.07, –0.06]), and knee (adjusted difference –1.10 [95% CI –2.00, –0.21]). No statistically significant differences in pain interference, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation were observed.ConclusionWomen reported higher pain intensity and lower pressure pain detection thresholds (higher pain sensitivity) than men. However, pain interference, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation did not differ between men and women.image
An Efficient Intercalation Supramolecular Structure for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethylene Under Visible Light
Authors: Ning Chenjun , Yang Jiangrong , Bai Sha , Chen Guangbo , Liu Guihao , Shen Tianyang , Zheng Lirong , Xu Si‐Min , Kong Xianggui , Liu Bin , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2PR) into multi‐carbon products (especially C2H4) is a highly attractive route for global carbon cycle, however, which is seriously limited by sluggish C‐C coupling kinetics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and so on. Herein, the fabrication of a novel supramolecular assembly of NiAl‐Fe‐TCPP is reported by intercalating iron porphyrin (Fe‐TCPP) into NiAl‐layered double hydroxide (NiAl‐LDH), and the resultant NiAl‐Fe‐TCPP exhibit superior catalytic performance on CO2PR to C2H4 under visible light irradiation in presence of photosensitizer. A high C2H4 selectivity up to 93.4% in the carbon‐containing products with the production rate as high as 24.7 µmol h−1 can be achieved over NiAl‐Fe‐TCPP. The ex/in situ X–ray absorption spectoscopy (XAS) indicates that the electron transfer between NiAl‐LDH and Fe‐TCPP can promote the generation of low‐valence of Fe sites, resulting in the efficient production of C2H4. The spin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations find that the synergistic mechanism that CO2 molecules are activated to CO on NiAl‐LDH and then spilled to Fe‐TCPP and coupled to COCHO#, which is further reduced to C2H4, are feasible in the perspective of Gibbs free energy. Moreover, the strong host‐guest interactions between NiAl‐LDH and Fe‐TCPP lead to the promoted photocatalytic activity and superior cycle stability.
Direct and Rapid High‐Temperature Upcycling of Degraded Graphite
Authors: Li Tangyuan , Tao Lei , Xu Lin , Meng Taotao , Clifford Bryson Callie , Li Shuke , Zhao Xinpeng , Rao Jiancun , Lin Feng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecycling the degraded graphite is becoming increasingly important, which can helped conserve natural resources, reduce waste, and provide economic and environmental benefits. However, current regeneration methods usually suffer from the use of harmful chemicals, high energy and time consumption, and poor scalability. Herein, we report a continuously high‐temperature heating (≈2000 K) process to directly and rapidly upcycle degraded graphite containing impurities. A sloped carbon heater is designed to provide the continuous heating source, which enables robust control over the temperature profile, eliminating thermal barrier for heat transfer compared to conventional furnace heating. The upcycling process can be completed within 0.1 s when the degraded graphite rolls down the sloped heater, allowing us to produce the upcycled graphite on a large scale. High‐temperature heating removes impurities and enhances the graphitization degree and (002) interlayer spacing, making the upcycled graphite more suitable for lithium intercalation and deintercalation. The assembled upcycled graphite||Li cell displays a high reversible capacity of ≈320 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a capacity retention of 96% after 500 cycles, comparable to current state‐of‐the‐art recycled graphite. The method is a chemical‐free, rapid, and scalable way to upcycle degraded graphite, and is adaptable to recycle other electrode materials.
Creation of Nanotips on ITO Electrode by Nanoparticle Deposition: An Easy Way to Enhance the Performance of Electrically Responsive Photonic Crystal and Fabricate Electrically Triggered Anticounterfeiting Tags
Authors: Yu Wenyuan , Zhao Yanxuan , Sheng Wenting , Ge Jianping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrically responsive photonic crystals (ERPC) are promising materials for electrophoretic displays, smart windows, and tunable optical devices. However, the high working voltage limits the application of most polar ERPCs because it damages color saturation, response stability, and reversibility. Herein, an easy but general method based on the modification of electrodes with nanoparticles is developed to improve ERPC's performance. The deposition of Au, Cu, or Cu2O nanoparticles created nanotip structures on the electrode, which enhanced the charge injection and local electric field strength, lowered 43% of the working voltage, and increased the color saturation. Meanwhile, the lowered voltage inhibited the electrodeposition of colloidal particles and the electrochemical reaction, which also improved the stability and reversibility of the electrical response. Based on the region‐selective modification of the electrode and the resulting asymmetric electrical response, an electrically triggered tag with a “pattern showing/hiding” effect is fabricated for anticounterfeiting purposes.
Ultrafast Optical Control of Polariton Energy in an Organic Semiconductor Microcavity
Authors: McGhee Kirsty E. , Guizzardi Michele , Jayaprakash Rahul , Georgiou Kyriacos , Jessewitsch Till , Scherf Ullrich , Cerullo Giulio , Zasedatelev Anton , Virgili Tersilla , Lagoudakis Pavlos G. , Lidzey David G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe manipulation of exciton–polaritons and their condensates is of great interest due to their applications in polariton simulators and high‐speed, all‐optical logic devices. Until now, methods of trapping and manipulating such condensates are not dynamically reconfigurable or resulted in an undesirable reduction in the exciton–photon coupling strength. Here, a new strategy for the ultrafast control of polariton resonances via transient modification of an optical cavity mode is presented. Multilayer organic semiconductor microcavities that contain two absorbers are constructed: one strongly‐coupled to the cavity photon mode and one that is out‐of‐resonance. By selectively exciting the out‐of‐resonance absorber using ultrashort laser pulses, the cavity refractive index is modulated, and fully‐reversible blueshifts of the lower polariton branch by up to 8 meV in sub‐ps timescales with no corresponding reduction in the exciton–photon coupling strength are generated. This work demonstrates the ability to manipulate polariton energy landscapes over ultrafast timescales with important applications in emerging computing technologies.
Synthesis of Bulky N‐Acyl Heterocycles by DMAPO/Boc2O‐Mediated One‐Pot Direct N‐Acylation of Less Nucleophilic N‐Heterocycles with α‐Fully Substituted Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Umehara Atsushi , Shimizu Soma , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis report describes a general method for the one‐pot direct N‐acylation of N‐heterocycles using our previously developed 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine N‐oxide (DMAPO)/di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate (Boc2O) system. This system enables one‐pot N‐acylation reactions to provide bulky N‐acyl heterocycles starting from a wide variety of less nucleophilic N‐heterocycles and sterically hindered α‐fully substituted carboxylic acids in high yields. Moreover, this one‐pot method does not involve pre‐activation of substrates. The protocol has been successfully extended to one‐pot N‐acylation of 7‐azaindoles.
Self‐Immolative Nanobody‐Cysteine Residue Modification for Controlled Immunodrug Delivery
Authors: Scherger Maximilian , Pilger Yannick A. , Stickdorn Judith , Komforth Patric , Schmitt Sascha , Arnouk Sana M. , Lebegge Els , Koynov Kaloian , Räder Hans‐Joachim , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Nuhn Lutz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApplications of antibody‐drug conjugates are rapidly growing, however, arduous fabrication of antibodies and impairment of highly potent drugs by covalent fixation to the protein is urging for alternatives to these conventional strategies. Here, a procedure on genetically engineered single domain antibodies, so‐called nanobodies, is demonstrated for their site‐specific reversible bioconjugation using self‐immolative linkers (SILs). Straight‐forward fluorescent labelling at their C‐terminal cysteine can be reversed under reductive conditions due to its disulfide‐containing SIL. Flow cytometry and microscopy images demonstrate cellular uptake and confirm the integrity of the nanobodies’ biological affinity notwithstanding being modified. Following this strategy, a potent small molecular immunomodulator can be installed and its stimulatory effect on a cellular level is boosted in vitro compared to non‐degradable alternatives. Furthermore, this protocol is extended to further therapeutically relevant representatives of nanobodies, underlining the versatility of this reversible reductive‐responsive bioconjugation for a broad field of applications.
Facet‐Termination Promoted Uniform Zn (100) Deposition for High‐Stable Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yifan , Mo Li'e , Zhang Xianxi , Ren Yingke , Wei Tingting , Li Zhaoqian , Huang Yang , Zhang Hong , Cao Guozhong , Hu Linhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReversibility, usually evaluated by Coulombic efficiency (CE) and limited by dendrite growth, has become the major roadblock toward the widespread commercialization of zincion batteries. Tailoring the Zn deposition behavior is vital to prevent dendrite growth. In this work, the facet‐terminator serine is introduced to modulate the interface and obstruct the rampant growth of the Zn (100) plane. The serine cation (Ser+) is revealed to preferentially adsorb onto the electrode/electrolyte interface, suppressing the interfacial parasitic reaction. Theoretical analysis and postmortem/operando experimental techniques indicate that the Ser+ bestows (100)‐dominated morphology to zinc anodes, enabling a highly reversible and dendrite‐free Zn anode. These features endow the Zn anode with a long cyclic life of more than 800 h for Zn//Zn batteries and a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 5 mA cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2 for Zn//Cu batteries. When assembling with commercial V2O5, the full battery delivers a high capacity of 345.1 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with a retention of 74.1% over 2000 cycles.
Addressing diversity in the physician workforce through social determinants of medical education
Authors: Smith Teresa Y. , Landry Alden , Schneider Jeffrey I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial determinants of medical education are the most impactful aspects of recruiting, retaining, and producing the next generation of a diverse physician workforce. We can use the same framework well known to describe social determinants of health to identify social determinants that impact medical education learners and their ability to enter the workforce and succeed to completion. Efforts aimed at recruitment and retention should not exist in isolation and must be matched with those that continuously assess and evaluate the learning environment. The development of a climate where all can bring their full selves to learn, study, work, and care for patients is critically important in the creation of a learning environment where every participant can grow and thrive. If we are to address the need to diversify the workforce, we must be intentional with strategic plans, which includes addressing the social determinants that are prohibitive for some of our learners.
Do Dutch farmers invest in expansion despite increased policy uncertainty? A participatory Bayesian network approach
Authors: Yanore Lotte , Sok Jaap , Oude Lansink Alfons 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn important but understudied factor influencing strategic decisions of farmers is policy uncertainty. Increased policy uncertainty may expedite the timing of investments in expansion, a phenomenon that has been observed in the Dutch dairy sector in recent years. Using a participatory Bayesian network, we aimed to identify and assess the farm, farmer, and environmental characteristics that explain and predict investment strategies. The variable policy uncertainty is modeled as a multidimensional concept that is a function of objective and subjective variables. We found that the most important variables influencing investment timing are succession, risk attitude, perceived policy uncertainty, and earning capacity. The insights derived from this study are useful for policy advisors, finance providers, farm advisors, and also farmers themselves to enhance their understanding of why and when farm investments are likely to occur despite the high level of policy uncertainty. [EconLit Citations: Q180 Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy G410 Behavioral Finance: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets].
Readability and quality analysis of patient education materials in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Panara Kush , Grose Elysia , Lee Daniel J. , Safadi Jenelle , Douglas Jennifer E. , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Lee John M. , Adappa Nithin D. , Bosso John V. 
Published: June 2023

KEY POINTS
Patients are increasingly turning to online education materials to aid with disease management.
Patient education materials on aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease are of poor readability with significant room for improvement.