bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of charge transfer doping on the negative electronic compressibility surface of MoS2
Authors: Watson Liam , Bernardo Iolanda Di , Blyth James , Lowe Benjamin , Vu Thi-Hai-Yen , McEwen Daniel , Edmonds Mark T , Tadich Anton , Fuhrer Michael S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The strong electron-electron interaction in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) gives rise to phenomena such as strong exciton and trion binding and excitonic condensation, as well as large negative exchange and correlation contributions to the electron energies, resulting in negative electronic compressibility (NEC). Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to demonstrate a striking effect of NEC in semiconducting TMD MoS2 on the charge transfer to and from a partial overlayer of monolayer semimetallic WTe2. By systematically monitoring the binding energy shifts in the valence bands of both WTe2 and MoS2 during surface transfer doping with donor (K) and acceptor (F4-TCNQ) species, we observe distinct behaviors: (1) for donor doping, increased MoS2 valence band binding energy is accompanied by a counterintuitive reduction in the binding energy of WTe2 valence bands and core levels; (2) for acceptor doping, the expected decrease in MoS2 binding energies contrasts with an unexpected increase in those of WTe2. The observations imply a reversal of the expected charge transfer; donor (acceptor) deposition decreases (increases) the carrier density in the WTe2 adlayer. The charge transfer reversal is a direct consequence of the NEC of the MoS2 surface layer, for which addition (subtraction) of charge leads to attraction (repulsion) of further charge from neighboring layers. These findings highlight the importance of many-body interactions for the electrons in TMDs and underscore the potential for exploring strongly correlated quantum states in two-dimensional semiconductors.
Assessment of moisture resistance and bonding behavior of cup lump rubber modified asphalt mixture containing wax-based surfactant
Authors: Mohd Zin Zainiah , Mohd Hasan Mohd Rosli , A Rashid Azura , Ahmad Muhammad Munsif , Wong Tracy Leh Xin , Yao Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present study evaluates moisture induced damage potential using a sessile drop method and a pneumatic adhesion tensile testing instrument (PATTI). The bonding behavior of the aggregates (granite and limestone) and cup lump rubber modified asphalt binder (CMB) with wax-based surfactant (WS) was evaluated. The results revealed that the granite aggregate exhibited a higher work of adhesion compared to the limestone. In the dry condition, the addition of more than 0.15% WS to the CMB reduced the work of adhesion and the bonding strength. Using the sessile drop method, the moisture resistance of the limestone aggregate with the CMB and WS was enhanced, but the bonding strength was reduced. The incorporation of WS reduced the surface free energy (SFE) regardless of the aging conditions and made the aggregate surface more hydrophobic for the increased interfacial adhesion. Incorporating WS in the CMB improved the work of adhesion under the wet condition, thus indicating that WS is an effective anti-stripping agent. Considering its comprehensive properties in the CMB, the amount of WS should be limited to 0.15%.
Quantum data encoding as a distinct abstraction layer in the design of quantum circuits
Authors: Agliardi Gabriele , Prati Enrico 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complex quantum circuits are constituted by combinations of quantum subroutines. The computation is possible as long as the quantum data encoding is consistent throughout the circuit. Despite its fundamental importance, the formalization of quantum data encoding has never been addressed systematically so far. We formalize the concept of quantum data encoding, namely the format providing a representation of a data set through a quantum state, as a distinct abstract layer with respect to the associated data loading circuit. We survey existing encoding methods and their respective strategies for classical-to-quantum exact and approximate data loading, for the quantum-to-classical extraction of information from states, and for quantum-to-quantum encoding conversion. Next, we show how major quantum algorithms find a natural interpretation in terms of data loading. For instance, the quantum Fourier transform is described as a quantum encoding converter, while the quantum amplitude estimation as an extraction routine. The new conceptual framework is exemplified by considering its application to the simple case of the Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm, and then to quantum-based Monte Carlo simulations, thus showcasing the power of the proposed formalism for the description of complex quantum circuits. Indeed, the approach clarifies the structure of complex quantum circuits and enables their efficient design.
Measurement of vadose zone water content with direct-push nuclear magnetic resonance logging
Authors: Osterman Gordon , Knight Rosemary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Predicting the efficiency of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) operation requires understanding the distribution of sediment type and water content in the vadose zone. In this study we assess the use of a direct-push nuclear magnetic resonance logging technique which can rapidly image water content profiles without the need for permanent boreholes. By combining nuclear magnetic resonance logging with direct-push sediment texture logging using cone penetrometer testing, it is possible to estimate the water content in the vadose zone and relate differences in water content to sediment type. We demonstrate this approach using four co-located nuclear magnetic resonance and cone penetrometer testing logs acquired to depths of approximately fifteen meters at an active almond orchard in California’s Central Valley. The results show water contents typically greater than 25% in clay- and silt-rich sediments, and up to 10% in sand-rich sediments. The ability to rapidly assess sediment type and water content using two direct-push tools opens up many exciting opportunities to study complex groundwater systems, even active orchards and other agricultural environments.
Understanding the impacts of extreme heat on the mental well-being of older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Jifei , Delina Laurence L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Older adults exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the ramifications of climate change, mainly the increasing frequency and severity of extreme heat events, which can considerably impair their mental well-being. This study undertook a systematic review of scholarly databases to document older adults’ exposure to extreme heat and to evaluate the long-term outcomes on their mental health. Our analysis encompassed 22 articles, revealing several detrimental effects of extreme heat on mental well-being, including social isolation, cognitive dysfunction, affective disorders, and sleep disturbances. These adverse effects diminish the quality of life and exacerbate vulnerability to further health complications. This review underscores critical gaps in the assessment of heatwave impacts on the mental health of older individuals, especially regarding ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural background. We identified significant disparities in risk levels and vulnerability experiences, which reflect entrenched societal inequalities. Future research should prioritise longitudinal studies and standardised assessment methods to enhance our understanding and resilience among older adults. Furthermore, implementing adaptive strategies—such as improved access to cooling resources, robust community support systems, and comprehensive mental health services—remains essential for assisting older adults in managing these escalating risks.
Multioptimization analysis of machining characteristics on spark electrical discharge machining of Al/SiC and Al/SiC/B4C composites
Authors: P Bharathi , kumar T Sampath , G Anbuchezhiyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the machining characteristics of sintered aluminium composites, including Al+6% SiC and Al+4% SiC+2% B4C, utilising electrical discharge machining (EDM) by changing the input machining factors like current (C) in amperes, Pulse-OFF and Pulse-ON time in μs, at three distinct levels. The L9 Orthogonal array was employed to examine the influence of process factors on output variables, including Surface Roughness (SR), Material Removal Rate (MRR), and Hole Circularity (HC). An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the percentage contribution of the input factors to the output variables. Observation implies that the GRG ANOVA for Al+6%SiC composite has achieved the most significant contribution to the total GRG, with the current contributing 86.66%, followed by the Pulse-ON at 8.52% and the Pulse-OFF at 3.63%. In contrast, the Al+4%SiC+2%B4C composite shows the current contributing 74.07%, followed by the Pulse-ON at 15.25% and the Pulse-OFF at 9.82%. The ideal input levels for Al+6%SiC and Al+4%SiC+2%B4C composites were found to be A3B3C1 and A3B3C3, correspondingly.
An enhanced YOLOv8n-based method for detecting color steel plate conditions along railway lines using drone inspection images
Authors: Bai Tangbo , Zong Hao , Yang Jianwei , Duan Jiaming , Fu Haochen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The color steel houses along railway lines often suffer from improper installation, aging, and deformation. Under strong wind conditions, the color steel roofing panels are prone to being blown onto railway tracks and facilities, posing a threat to train operation safety and potentially causing serious accidents. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for detecting the condition of color steel panels along railway lines based on drone inspection images. The proposed method is built upon the You Only Look Once (YOLO) series algorithm framework, with specific improvements targeting the detection of small-sized color steel houses and those with similar characteristics that are difficult to classify in images. Firstly, a backbone network based on FasterNet is established, leveraging the characteristics of inverted residual blocks in the FasterNet module to optimize and enhance the feature extraction capability of the original network for small-sized color steel panels while reducing computational redundancy and memory access costs. Secondly, an Attention-based Intra-scale Feature Interaction (AIFI) module is introduced after the backbone network to enhance the model’s ability to focus on fine-grained information by facilitating interaction at the scale of high-level features. Finally, a new CSP Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions- Dilation-wise Residual (C2F-DWR) module is designed to optimize the small object detection capability of the C2F module in the neck network. This module uses a two-step approach to capture multi-scale information, which reduces the model’s parameter size while comprehensively improving the detection performance of the algorithm. The results show that the improved algorithm achieves a 4.9% increase in detection accuracy, a 3.2% increase in recall rate, and a 3.3% increase in mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to YOLOv8n (a lightweight variant of the YOLOv8 series). YOLOv8n has a smaller network structure and lower computational overhead, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. These results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the detection of small-sized color steel houses and the classification of objects with similar characteristics.
Design of optimized and energy efficient single-bit comparator using quantum dot cellular automata
Authors: N Aswathy , N M Siva Mangai , Krishnan Rahul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata technology presents multiple advantages over conventional CMOS technology, such as lower power consumption, high speed, and greater density. QCA holds the potential to overcome the physical limitations of CMOS, positioning it as a promising option for the future of VLSI circuits. Comparator circuits contribute to rapid decision-making and signal processing in digital systems. This paper proposes two single-bit comparator designs using QCA. The proposed designs consume 35 and 18 cells, respectively with 0.5 latency in clock cycles. The simulations are carried out on QCADesigner 2.0.3 without any crossover. Additionally, power dissipation metrics for comparator designs were determined using the QCAPro and QCADesigner-E tools. It is observed that the design produces accurate results up to 4 K by analyzing the average out polarization.
Andrew Jackson
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few today think of Andrew Jackson as a religious man. Actually, the American military hero and president professed Christianity throughout his life. Raised a “rigid Presbeterian,” his mother sought to provide her son with an education so he could grow up to become a minister, and the boy held on to his faith despite losing his family and suffering physically in the American Revolution. Jackson rose to prominence as a promising young man before a financial mishap and a growing number of personal conflicts—including killing an opponent in a duel—appeared to end his public career. Yet before his emergence as the hero of the Battle of New Orleans, Jackson attended church, read his Bible, and prayed with his devout wife, Rachel. He held orthodox views on the divinity of Christ, the atonement, and an afterlife in Heaven, and he blended Christian tenets with the honor-based culture that dominated the antebellum South while reconciling his beliefs with his ownership of slaves and promotion of Indian Removal. As president, and especially during his “Bank War,” he equated his enemies with the forces of evil. Unlike the revivalists of his era’s Second Great Awakening, Jackson never experienced a dramatic conversion, and he advocated religious liberty and separation of church and state as core republican principles. Nevertheless, as the Second Party System developed during his presidency, Jackson’s frequent appeals for divine guidance and for God’s blessing on the nation further encouraged the development of an American civil religion.
“I was brought up a rigid Presbeterian . . .”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at the cultural and social environment in which Jackson spent his earliest years. Born shortly after his father’s death, Jackson grew up in a tightly knit Scots-Irish community on the Southern colonial frontier. The Presbyterian church lay at the heart of his community, and his mother’s devotion, reinforced by the ministry of Reverend William Richardson, instilled Christian teachings in him at a very young age. Jackson’s mother hoped he would become a minister and arranged for him to receive the foundation for a formal education. His strong will and bullying mostly reflected the lack of male guidance in his life, and the ethic of honor developing in the colonial South challenged Christianity as guiding principles. Nevertheless, had he been able to remain in his quiet community, Jackson possibly could have grown up to become the respected clergyman his mother wanted him to be.
“the remarkable interposition of Heaven”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter recounts Jackson’s military career through his emergence as a national hero in the War of 1812. Though socially and politically tarnished, Jackson remained a major general in the Tennessee militia. With no formal training, his natural abilities and experience prepared him effectively to lead his armies. Tennessee’s governor helped him gain command of an aborted expedition to Natchez—on which he won the nickname “Old Hickory.” Despite suffering a serious wound in a brawl—and despite a “mutiny” from his volunteers—Jackson’s success in the Creek War at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend compelled a reluctant President James Madison to assign him responsibility for defending the Gulf Coast, a duty that culminated in his victory at New Orleans. Throughout, he expressed to Rachel his confidence in an afterlife and belief in Providence, and he always attributed his greatest triumph to divine intervention.
“I find myself a solitary mourner . . .”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses how Jackson began his administration mourning the unexpected death of his wife, Rachel. While grieving, Jackson accepted her loss as the will of providence, and as president, he maintained his faith but remained committed to the separation of church and state. His cabinet divided socially over the marriage of his secretary of war, John Eaton, to the supposedly scandalous Margaret O’Neal Timberlake. Jackson firmly stood by the Eatons and soon concluded that John C. Calhoun provoked the “Eaton Affair” to further Calhoun’s own political interests. As Jackson increasingly relied on Secretary of State Martin Van Buren, he ultimately replaced his official advisors in a controversial “Cabinet Purge.” Throughout, Jackson attributed his conduct to an honorable man’s duty to remain loyal to a friend, and he denounced the Eatons’s critics as un-Christian hypocrites who used religion to advance their selfish ambitions.
“Providence . . . has chosen you as the guardians of freedom”
Authors: Atkins Jonathan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter relates the political impact of Jackson’s presidency. Jackson entered office committed to “reforming” the federal government, and he came to rely heavily on informal advisors—most notably Amos Kendall and Francis P. Blair—whom critics derided as a “Kitchen Cabinet.” Jackson disturbed Washington insiders both when he implemented the “Spoils System,” or “Rotation in Office,” and with his veto of several acts of Congress, while his “Bank War” divided the nation into the two-party system that would dominate American politics for the next several years. While the opposition Whig Party condemned Jackson as “King Andrew I,” the Democratic Party successfully elected Martin Van Buren as Jackson’s successor. Although Democrats remained committed to religious freedom, Jackson’s public pronouncements often included appeals for divine guidance that reflected the growing acceptance of an American civil religion.
‘Responsive Penal Censure’ and its Implications
Authors: Duff RA 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses a key dimension of Julian V Roberts’ conception of ‘penal censure’. In a number of articles, he and his co-authors have argued that while one should indeed, as some penal theorists suggest, understand criminal punishment as a species of censure (and should understand censure in retributive terms), that censure should be ‘responsive’ and ‘dynamic’ rather than ‘static’: that is, its form and severity should be modulated by the offender’s own response to their crime and to their punishment. Section 2 sketches this argument and shows why it is important and illuminating. However, Section 3 suggests that one should not draw from this insight the practical implications for sentencing and for the administration of sentences that Roberts seeks to draw: in particular, one should not treat the offender’s ‘post-sentence conduct’, their remorseful and constructive response to their punishment, as a retributive reason to mitigate it. Such conduct would give reason to mitigate the offender’s punishment only if the original sentence was based on the assumption that the offender would remain unrepentant; but that is not something that we, or the sentencer, should assume.
How to Delimit the Desert Base of Criminal Offenders
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the central ideas of modern retributivism is the view that an offender’s desert should be determined by the nature of the crime that has been committed. This cannot be changed by whatever follows the crime when the criminal court metes out the appropriate sentence or, indeed, after the sentence has been determined. But is it plausible to maintain that the desert of an offender should be determined solely by aspects of the crime and, therefore, by something that remains invariant after the crime? Julian V Roberts has, in several works, challenged the static element of standard retributivist theory. What he has proposed is a dynamic desert model according to which various aspects of an offender’s post-crime and post-sentence conduct should be regarded as carrying retributive significance. The purpose of this chapter is to critically examine Roberts’ dynamic desert model. It is argued, on the one hand, that several of the challenges facing traditional static accounts of retributivism are radically exacerbated by introducing a dynamic account of desert, but also, on the other, that Roberts’ considerations cannot just be brushed aside by adherents of static accounts of retributivism.
Professor Roberts’ Disproportionate Contribution to Proportionality
Authors: Paciocco David M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Proportionality is the fundamental principle of sentencing in Canada. Yet it is a complex concept. Professor Roberts’ work has been instrumental in explaining the concept of proportionality and providing cogent advice on how to achieve proportionate sentencing. Most significantly, his writings have reinforced the fact that proportionality is both a principle of restraint in sentencing and the mechanism for ensuring adequate ‘just deserts’ denunciation, with the latter taking precedence. This chapter explores how Canadian courts, with the benefit of Professor Roberts’ work, have attempted to achieve a practical and workable theory of proportionality in the face of significant real-world limits on accomplishing proportionate sentencing.
Vigilantism and ‘Public Confidence’
Authors: Tonry Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Public confidence in courts, judges, and sentencing, and belief in the legitimacy of legal institutions, such as exists in Scandinavia, Germany, and the Netherlands, are self-evidently good things. Politicians in England and Wales often avow the importance of ‘public confidence’ in explaining why they promote or adopt especially repressive (for example, Anti-social Behaviour Orders, Imprisonment for Public Protection) or illiberal (for example, abolition of the double jeopardy doctrine, prosecutorial appeals of sentences) legislation. Three non-trivial issues lurk. First, the rhetoric gets the causal ordering wrong. As Justice Auld observed, public confidence is not ‘an aim of a good criminal justice system; but a consequence of it’. Second, there is an underlying belief or assumption that ‘the public’ disapproves of current practices and wants changes made. Masses of research show, however, that most depictions of the public’s views are unreliable and provide inadequate bases for policy-making. The public knows astonishingly little about criminal justice, opinions are shaped by media coverage and sensationalism, and considered views are not relentlessly punitive. Third, there is more than a whiff of vigilante thinking in the idea that public opinion should be the basis for laws that prescribe or judicial decisions that govern punishments of particular people for particular crimes.