bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error traps and preventative strategies for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis spinal surgery
Authors: Hammon Dudley E. , Chidambaran Vidya , Templeton Thomas W. , Pestieau Sophie R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnesthesia for posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains one of the most common surgeries performed in adolescents. These procedures have the potential for significant intraprocedural and postoperative complications. The potential for pressure injuries related to prone positioning must be understood and addressed. Additionally, neuromonitoring remains a mainstay for patient care in order to adequately assess patient neurologic integrity and alert the providers to a reversible action. As such, causes of neuromonitoring signal loss must be well understood, and the provider should have a systematic approach to signal loss. Further, anesthetic design must facilitate intraoperative wake‐up to allow for a definitive assessment of neurologic function. Perioperative bleeding risk is high in posterior spinal fusion due to the extensive surgical exposure and potentially lengthy operative time, so the provider should undertake strategies to reduce blood loss and avoid coagulopathy. Pain management for adolescents undergoing spinal fusion is also challenging, and inadequate analgesia can delay recovery, impede patient/family satisfaction, increase the risk of chronic postsurgical pain/disability, and lead to prolonged opioid use. Many of the significant complications associated with this procedure, however, can be avoided with intentional and evidence‐based approaches covered in this review.
Efficacy and safety profile of dupilumab for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Guo Linghong , Li Zhixuan , Wu Shuwei , Jiang Xian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDupilumab is the first biologic approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adolescents. Previous systematic reviews explored the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in adults with AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of AD can vary among different age groups, emphasizing the need for separate investigation into the use of dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in children and adolescents with AD based on evidence from clinical trials and observational studies.MethodsThe process of meta‐analysis was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines.ResultsSeven clinical trials and 11 observational studies involving 1275 children and adolescents with AD were eligible for quantitative analysis. Overall, the pooled percentages of eczema area and severity index (EASI) 50, EASI 75, EASI 90, EASI 100, and investigator's global assessment (IGA) 0/1 were 72.9% (95% CI: 61.6%–81.9%), 57.4% (48.1%–66.2%), 31.3% (24.0%–39.7%), 29.7% (23.3%–37.0%), and 35.2% (29.3%–41.5%). With prolonged treatment time, an increase was seen in the pooled rate of EASI response, indicating that dupilumab may provide sustained benefits for children and adolescents over the long term. The reported adverse events were primarily mild and manageable, with an overall incidence rate of 7.2% across clinical trials and 7.6% across observational studies.ConclusionDupilumab was an effective and safe treatment option for children and adolescents with AD, with positive results observed from long‐term use and an acceptable safety profile. More long‐term, high‐quality, controlled studies in different regions are needed for further verification.
Environmental racism and air pollution: Pre and post the COVID‐19 economic shutdown
Authors: Campbell Heather E. , Kim Sekwen , Johnson Shawnika , Cáceres Claudia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDecades of research demonstrates that minoritized groups are disproportionately affected by swathes of harmful pollutants, including air pollution, even controlling for low income. Would significantly reducing individual car traffic help reduce the EJ gap? The systemic shock of the COVID‐19 economic shutdown, with accompanied reduction in car use, can be exploited to analyze this question. Kerr and colleagues ask this question for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), use satellite data and categorical differences, and find that majority‐minoritized tracts on average benefited more from the shutdown, but the least‐White tracts still were significantly worse off than the most‐White tracts. We further explore this question for PM2.5, one of the most harmful air pollutants, using Geographic Information System (GIS) methods to combine several different federal datasets to compare pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 shutdown. Analyzing Census tracts, we find (1) little evidence of discrimination in the placement of PM2.5 sensors, (2) evidence of the standard EJ disproportionality for PM2.5 in both pre‐shutdown 2019 and post‐shutdown 2020, but (3) evidence of disproportionate improvement for Asians, Hispanics, and Native Americans, with concerning indications of possible harm to African Americans. This implies, as do the findings in Kerr and colleagues' study, that policies that limit gasoline‐powered car use can reduce air pollution but are unlikely to importantly alleviate US environmental racism affecting African Americans.
Contraceptive Adoption and Changes in Empowerment in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal
Authors: O'Brien Michelle L. , Zimmermann Marita , Eitmann Linnea , Chao Dennis L. , Proctor Joshua L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWomen's empowerment and contraceptive use are critical to achieving gender equality. The positive association between more empowered women and higher rates of contraceptive use has been well‐established by cross‐sectional research. However, there remains a gap in understanding the longitudinal relationship between contraceptive adoption and changes to women's empowerment. This study represents a novel approach to understanding the relationship between contraceptive adoption and women's empowerment longitudinally, at the individual level. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure the relationship between contraceptive adoption and women's empowerment using more than one wave of panel data. We leverage the longitudinal design of the Urban Reproductive Health Initiative data to code empowerment items by change over time (e.g., more empowered, no change, less empowered). We use sparse principal component analysis to establish empowerment change domains and calculate individual scores standardized by country‐level averages. We estimate mixed effects models on these change domains, to investigate the link between contraceptive adoption and empowerment. We find common themes in empowerment across contexts—but contraceptive adoption has both positive and negative effects on those domains, and this varies across context. We discuss the need for cohort studies to examine this relationship.
On the Proper Treatment of Dynamics in Cognitive Science
Authors: Beer Randall D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay examines the relevance of dynamical ideas for cognitive science. On its own, the mere mathematical idea of a dynamical system is too weak to serve as a scientific theory of anything, and dynamical approaches within cognitive science are too rich and varied to be subsumed under a single “dynamical hypothesis.” Instead, after first attempting to dissect the different notions of “dynamics” and “cognition” at play, a more specific theoretical framework for cognitive science broadly construed is sketched. This framework draws upon not only dynamical ideas, but also such contemporaneous perspectives as situatedness, embodiment, ecological psychology, enaction, neuroethology/neuroscience, artificial life, and biogenic approaches. The paper ends with some methodological suggestions for pursuing this theoretical framework.
Effect of storage on the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test in dog blood samples
Authors: Baxarias Marta , Solano‐Gallego Laia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test (NBTT) has been used for measuring the metabolic activity of phagocytes of mammals. Activated neutrophils transform NBT into formazan in the cytoplasm. The NBTT can detect the activation of neutrophils in peripheral blood and is used to assess neutrophil function in dogs. However, the NBTT is not used frequently in the clinical setting, as samples should be processed after blood collection.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage on NBTT in dog blood samples.Materials and MethodsResidual EDTA blood samples from 22 dogs were included of different ages, breeds, and sex. The buffy coat layer was separated from the blood and incubated with 0.1% NBT. The NBTT was performed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after the collection of blood. Blood samples were stored at 4°C until the tests were performed. Blood smears were evaluated by light microscopy, and the NBT reduction rate was reported, which represents the percentage of activated neutrophils. The NBT reduction rate was calculated after counting 300 neutrophils in each slide.ResultsThe means of NBTT in dog blood samples at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were 8.3%, 8.5%, 8.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. No significant differences were observed between time points.ConclusionsThis study showed that the NBTT can be performed up to 72 h after the collection of canine blood if correctly refrigerated at 4°C. This finding supports the performance of the NBTT in the clinical setting.
MUM1/IRF4 immunolabeling of neoplastic Langerhans histiocytes in a putative case of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Klosowski Marika L. , Hughes Kelly L. , Moore A. Russell 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic histiocytic proliferative disease with cutaneous manifestations which is well described in human medical literature and has relatively recently been reclassified as a neoplastic disorder. The diagnosis of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis has been proposed in the veterinary literature to refer to a histiocytic proliferative disease in the dog with clinical and histopathologic features that mirror the human disease. However, reports that invoke this diagnosis are rare and often lack complete diagnostic characterization. This case report presents an extensive diagnostic investigation of a putative case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3‐year‐old male castrated Golden Retriever dog, including gross, cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Furthermore, we document that canine LCH may have positive immunolabeling for the transcription factor multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4), which is classically used for the diagnosis of canine plasma cell neoplasms.
Decisões Judiciais na Suprema Corte do Reino Unido
Authors: Hunter Rosemary , Rackley Erika 
Published: August 2023

Motivado por duas das premissas dos projetos de reescrita de decisões judiciais em perspectivas feministas (a de que essas decisões são relativamente raras no “mundo real” e a de que elas constituem valiosa contribuição à ciência do direito e à qualidade da justiça), este artigo aborda a produção de decisões feministas por ministros e ministras da Suprema Corte do Reino Unido. Com base em informações extraídas de um banco de dados com mais de 570 casos, o artigo investiga i) quem profere votos feministas na Suprema Corte do Reino Unido; ii) que tipo de decisões feministas escrevem e iii) o que essas decisões acrescentam ao entendimento da Corte e à qualidade da justiça por ela administrada. Conclui que, entre ministros e ministras que adotaram o raciocínio feminista, Lady Hale foi de longe a mais ativa, embora não tenha sido a única, pois os Lordes Kerr e Wilson também proferiram diversos votos feministas. Uma variedade desses raciocínios foi empregada, e as decisões feministas em geral se revelaram, de fato, melhores decisões, embora seu impacto tendesse a permanecer mais no âmbito discursivo do que no substantivo. O artigo se encerra com uma consideração das implicações dessas conclusões tanto para os debates feministas, quanto para a Suprema Corte do Reino Unido e as partes litigantes envolvidas em casos sob sua análise.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Decisões judiciais feministas; Suprema Corte do Reino Unido; raciocínio feminista; questões substantivas.
A Scalable Compact Additively Manufactured Molten Salt to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Heat Exchanger for Solar Thermal Application
Authors: Tano Ines-Noelly , Rasouli Erfan , Ziev Tracey , Seo Junwon , Lamprinakos Nicholas , Vaishnav Parth , Rollett Anthony , Wu Ziheng , Narayanan Vinod 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Design of an additively manufactured molten salt (MS) to supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) primary heat exchanger (PHE) for solar thermal power generation is presented. The PHE is designed to handle temperatures up to 720 °C on the MS side and an internal pressure of 200 bar on the sCO2 side. In the core, MS flows through a three-dimensional periodic lattice network, while sCO2 flows within pin arrays. The design includes integrated sCO2 headers located within the MS flow, allowing for a counterflow design of the PHE. The sCO2 headers are configured to enable uniform flow distribution into each sCO2 plate while withstanding an internal pressure of 200 bar and minimizing obstruction to the flow of MS around it. The structural integrity of the design is verified on additively manufactured (AM) 316 stainless steel sub-scale specimens. An experimentally validated, correlation-based sectional PHE core thermofluidic model is developed to study the impact of flow and geometrical parameters on the PHE performance, with varied parameters including the mass flowrate, surface roughness, and PHE dimensions. A process-based cost model is used to determine the impact of parameter variation on build cost. The model results show that a heat exchanger with a power density of 18.6 MW/m3 (including sCO2 header volume) and effectiveness of 0.88 can be achieved at a heat capacity rate ratio of 0.8. The impact of design and AM machine parameters on the cost of the PHE are assessed.
A Stress-State-Dependent Sliding Wear Model for Micro-Scale Contacts
Authors: Choudhry Jamal , Almqvist Andreas , Prakash Braham , Larsson Roland 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Wear is a complex phenomenon taking place as two bodies in relative motion are brought into contact with each other. There are many different types of wear, for example, sliding, fretting, surface fatigue, and combinations thereof. Wear occurs over a wide range of scales, and it largely depends on the mechanical properties of the material. For instance, at the micro-scale, sliding wear is the result of material detachment that occurs due to fracture. An accurate numerical simulation of sliding wear requires a robust and efficient solver, based on a realistic fracture mechanics model that can handle large deformations. In the present work, a fully coupled thermo-mechanical and meshfree approach, based on the momentum-consistent smoothed particle Galerkin (MC-SPG) method, is adapted and employed to predict wear of colliding asperities. The MC-SPG-based approach is used to study how plastic deformation, thermal response, and wear are influenced by the variation of the vertical overlap between colliding spherical asperities. The findings demonstrate a critical overlap value where the wear mechanism transitions from plastic deformation to brittle fracture. In addition, the results reveal a linear relationship between the average temperature and the increasing overlap size, up until the critical overlap value. Beyond this critical point, the average temperature reaches a steady-state value.
Microstructure Characteristics and Tribological Properties of Gradient Cu-MoS2 Self-Lubricating Coating Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting of Ink-Printed Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Wenfeng , Bai Ronghe , Guan Tianyu , He Yu , Liu Junyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Self-lubricating coating has been used in industrial applications with severe conditions, such as high temperatures, vacuum, radiation, etc. In this paper, a selective laser melting of ink-printed metal nanoparticles (SLM-IP metal NPs) rapid manufacturing method was applied to fabricate Cu-MoS2 self-lubricating coating. A tailored ink consisting of metal NPs, reductant, and dispersant was deposited on a stainless steel substrate, forming the laminated gradient Cu-MoS2 coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coating were characterized. The friction and wear behavior were experimentally investigated by dry sliding wear test at room and higher temperatures (&gt;200 °C). The results indicated that the upper copper sulfur molybdenum compound layer with homogeneously distributed MoS2 provided a significant friction reduction and wear resistance. The SLM-IP Cu-MoS2 coatings showed a reduced friction coefficient by 54% compared to the pure Cu coating. The transitional Cu layer mitigated the abrupt changes in physical properties and enhanced the bonding strength between the coating and substrate. Especially, under the test condition of 200 °C, the Cu-40 vol% MoS2 coating also presented an excellent resistance to oxidation and had a lower friction coefficient of 0.24. This research provides the feasibility of fabricating self-lubricating coatings by the SLM-IP metal NPs method for surface engineering technologies.
Social Media and Sport Studies (2014–2023): A Critical Review
Authors: Abeza Gashaw 
Published: August 2023

Building on the foundational study conducted by Abeza et al., this work extends the investigation by critically reviewing social media research in sport studies published from June 2014 to June 2023. Methodologically, the review involved an examination of 153 original research articles from five prominent journals in sport communication and sport management, namely the International Journal of Sport Communication, Communication & Sport, Journal of Sport Management, Sport Management Review, and European Sport Management Quarterly. The study identified the research streams, platforms, theories, and research methods that have garnered attention in the social media research community. The findings reveal several key insights that contribute to the ongoing dialogue in the field, stimulating further exploration and advancing knowledge at the intersection of social media and sport.
Ehrlichia
Wnt SLiM ligand mimic deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis
Authors: Byerly Caitlan D. , Patterson LaNisha L. , Pittner Nicholas A. , Solomon Regina N. , Patel Jignesh G. , Rogan Madison R. , McBride Jere W. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Ehrlichia chaffeensis
TRP120 effector has evolved short linear motif (SLiM) ligand mimicry to repurpose multiple evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways, including Wnt, Notch, and Hedgehog. In this investigation, we demonstrate that
E. chaffeensis
and recombinant TRP120 deactivate Hippo signaling, resulting in the activation of Hippo transcription coactivator Yes-associated protein (Yap). Moreover, a homologous 6 amino acid (QDVASH) SLiM shared by TRP120 and Wnt3a/5a ligands phenocopied Yap and β-catenin activation induced by
E. chaffeensis,
rTRP120, and Wnt5a. Similar Hippo gene expression profiles were also stimulated by
E. chaffeensis
, rTRP120, SLiM, and Wnt5a. Single siRNA knockdown of Hippo transcription co-activator/factors, Yap, and transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) significantly decreased
E. chaffeensis
infection. Yap activation was abolished in THP-1 Wnt Frizzled-5 (Fzd5) receptor knockout cells (KO), demonstrating Fzd5 receptor dependence. In addition, the TRP120-Wnt-SLiM antibody blocked Hippo deactivation (Yap activation). Expression of anti-apoptotic Hippo target gene
SLC2A1
(encodes glucose transporter 1; GLUT1) was upregulated by
E. chaffeensis
and corresponded to increased levels of GLUT1. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of
SLC2A1
significantly inhibited infection. Higher GLUT1 levels correlated with increased B cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL) and decreased BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax) levels. Moreover, blocking Yap activation with the inhibitor Verteporfin induced apoptosis that corresponded to significant reductions in GLUT1 and BCL-xL levels and activation of Bax and Caspase-3 and -9. This study identifies a novel shared Wnt/Hippo SLiM ligand mimic and demonstrates that
E. chaffeensis
deactivates the Hippo pathway to engage the anti-apoptotic Yap-GLUT1-BCL-xL axis.
The largest HIV-1-infected T cell clones in children on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy contain solo LTRs
Authors: Botha Johannes C. , Demirov Dimiter , Gordijn Carli , Katusiime Mary Grace , Bale Michael J. , Wu Xiaolin , Wells Daria , Hughes Stephen H. , Cotton Mark F. , Mellors John W. , Kearney Mary F. , van Zyl Gert U. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses viral replication but does not cure HIV infection because a reservoir of infectious (intact) HIV proviruses persists in long-lived CD4+T cells. However, a large majority (>95%) of HIV-infected cells that persist on effective cART carry defective (non-infectious) proviruses. Defective proviruses consisting of only a single LTR (solo long terminal repeat) are commonly found as endogenous retroviruses in many animal species, but the frequency of solo-LTR HIV proviruses has not been well defined. Here we show that, in five pediatric donors whose viremia was suppressed on cART for at least 5 years, the proviruses in the nine largest clones of HIV-infected cells were solo LTRs. The sizes of five of these clones were assayed longitudinally by integration site-specific quantitative PCR. Minor waxing and waning of the clones was observed, suggesting that these clones are generally stable over time. Our findings show that solo LTRs comprise a large fraction of the proviruses in infected cell clones that persist in children on long-term cART.

IMPORTANCE
This work highlights that severely deleted HIV-1 proviruses comprise a significant proportion of the proviral landscape and are often overlooked.