bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Exploring the perspectives of young adults with developmental disabilities about sexuality and sexual health education’
Authors: Coulter Daina , Lynch Claire , Joosten Annette V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexuality is important in everyday lives; it contributes to a sense of self. Everyone has a right to access sexual experiences, form relationships, and obtain sexual health education. There is limited literature from the perspective of people with developmental disabilities about their sexuality and particularly how, or if, societal attitudes influence their sexuality and their opinions about sexual health education. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of young adults with developmental disabilities about their sexuality, their perceptions about how their sexuality was viewed by the community, and about the sexual education that is required and how it should be delivered.MethodA qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach using a purposive sample was used to explore the perspectives of young adults, aged between 18 and 32 years old with developmental disabilities, to explore their perspectives on their sexuality, societal attitudes, and access to sexual health education. Seven semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.ResultsFive main themes were developed from the data: (1) sexuality is multidimensional and important, (2) the challenges and fear of expressing sexuality, (3) societal views need to change, (4) close support enables sexuality, and (5) sexual health education needs to be individualised.ConclusionParticipants suggested that sexuality was important to them, and they had the same expectations about sexuality and relationships as many young adults. However, their autonomy and self‐determination to set sexuality goals were constrained by societal attitudes. Supportive family and friends enabled opportunities, but they believed the knowledge and attitudes about disability, and about disability and sexuality, of community members, service providers, funders, and educators needed to change to enable increased opportunity to express their sexuality. Participants reported a need for individualised sexual health education provided by professionals with expertise.
Reducing complexity and compliance costs: a simplification safe harbour for the global minimum tax
Authors: Schanz Deborah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractI present a simplification safe harbour based on tax administrative guidance for Pillar Two, the global minimum tax, developed together with Cedric Döllefeld, Joachim Englisch, Simon Harst and Felix Siegel. It aims at reducing unnecessary compliance costs by avoiding effective tax rate (ETR) calculations if a minimum tax of 15 per cent has already been paid. The simplification safe harbour consists of a two‐level test to determine if a full GloBE ETR calculation is required from a multinational enterprise (MNE) or if a simplified ETR calculation or no calculation at all is sufficient. The test consists of a country‐level test and – only if necessary – an MNE‐level test. The country‐level test assesses a country's tax system. It seeks to determine whether the national tax system's nominal tax rates are (too) low and whether significant deviations between a country's tax base and the GloBE income exist. The second level, the MNE‐level test, is only carried out if the country‐level test has identified potential ‘red flags’. Even if this second test is required, the simplification safe harbour offers a significant reduction in compliance costs. This reduction is achieved by relying on national tax data, which are readily available in firms, instead of highly adjusted accounting data.
Economic sanctions and labour rights abuses in target countries
Authors: PERRY KATE , PEKSEN DURSUN 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThough much research has focused on major political and humanitarian consequences of economic sanctions, little is known about how economic sanctions affect economic rights and freedoms in target countries. Often, sanctions work is divided into two main theoretical camps: direct economic effects and indirect human rights effects. These two bodies of work have significantly expanded our cumulative knowledge around economic coercion, but scholars in each camp primarily speak past one another while rarely drawing together the interrelated threads of direct and indirect sanctions effects. We challenge this common division by examining the extent to which economic sanctions imposed by the European Union, the United States or the United Nations affect labour rights practices. We posit that sanctions, as a direct shock to target economies, will prompt more labour rights violations at the workplace, such as arbitrary firings and the use of child or forced labour. We maintain that sanctions also undermine labour conditions via adverse indirect effects on human rights, civil society and bureaucratic capacity. Results from a time‐series cross‐national analysis lend strong support for the proposition that sanctions are significantly and directly related to worsened labour rights conditions. We further show that sanctions also indirectly contribute to labour rights violations through negative effects on human rights conditions and reduced bureaucratic capacity in target countries. Overall, our study deepens our understanding of the complicated outcomes of sanctions on individuals in target states and illustrates the need for further exploration into the interwoven effects of this popular policy tool.
Estimating predation rates from molecular gut content analysis
Authors: Andow David A. , Paula Débora Pires 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral methods have been published to estimate per capita predation rates from molecular gut content analysis relying on intuitive understanding of predation, but none have been formally derived. We provide a theoretical framework for estimating predation rates to identify an accurate method and lay bare its assumptions. Per capita predation can be estimated by multiplying the prey decay rate and the prey quantity in the predators. This assumes that variation in per capita predation rate is approximately normally distributed, prey decay occurs exponentially, and predation is in steady state. We described several ways to estimate steady state predation, including using only qualitative presence‐absence data to estimate the decay rate and in addition, we provided a method for estimating per capita predation rate when predation is not in steady state. We used previously published data on aphid consumption by a ladybird beetle in a feeding trial to calculate the predation rate and compare published methods with this theoretically derived method. The estimated predation rate (3.29 ± 0.27 aphids/h) using our derived method was not significantly different from the actual predation rate, 3.11 aphids/h. In contrast, previously published methods were less accurate, underestimating the predation rate (0.33 ± 0.02 to 1.66 ± 0.8 aphids/h) or overestimating it (3.64 ± 0.30 aphids/h). In summary, we provide methods to estimate predation rates even when variation in predation rates is not exactly normally distributed and not in steady state and demonstrate that the prey decay rate, and not the prey detection period, is required.
Economic Value Added in performance measurement: A simulation approach and empirical evidence
Authors: Chen Yuanzhan , Jin Zhuo , Qin Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith increasing criticism on measuring executive performance based primarily on Total Shareholder Return (TSR), some academics and practitioners have revived discussions on using Economic Value Added (EVA) as an alternative. But if EVA failed to gain traction over the past two decades, is there any new evidence for it or different approaches to better implement it in corporate settings? In this study, we start by confirming EVA‐related metrics' significant positive relationships with long‐term TSR in the Australian market. Our empirical findings also address EVA's major drawback – too much complexity arising from accounting adjustments. Our results suggest that accounting adjustments are generally not necessary, and efforts should be re‐directed to designing direct and intuitive plan mechanisms. In addition, we develop a pseudo environment to illustrate EVA's managerial benefits and potential to cultivate sustainable growth. To study this influence, we leverage capital‐based simulation techniques and mimic executive decision making under different performance measurement conditions, which was typically only discussed in a qualitative or theoretical sense. We find that EVA‐related metrics naturally induce long‐term, strategic and sustainable decision making without limiting executives to overly focus on short‐term profitability. This simulation approach not only provides quantitative evidence, but also gives practitioners in different market environments an expandable and scalable pseudo framework to test the effect of different incentive plans and inform performance target setting, a useful but often overlooked feature in, for instance, the Australian market, where data is relatively scarce.
Rent control according to Seinfeld
Authors: Sanders Shane , Luccasen Andrew , Alakshendra Abhinav 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMore than 30 years after its premiere, Seinfeld continues its run as a seminally popular television show. On October 1, 2021, five‐year streaming rights to the show were purchased by Netflix for $500 million. Set in New York City, where rent control laws have a long history, several episodes of the show consider the trials of apartment living, including shortages, tastes for discrimination by sellers, bribery, search costs, and quality degradation. Seinfeld also illustrates the informal process through which rent‐controlled apartments are advertised (e.g., less advertising under rent control shortage). This paper argues that popular media can be used as an effective pedagogical tool in learning. This paper analyzes four episodes of Seinfeld to help students identify and differentiate the very real costs of rent control. The paper also guides students to appreciate the difficulty in crafting a policy that is free of unintended consequences.
Letter: improved alanine aminotransferase level in patients with chronic hepatitis B without cirrhosis and low viral load treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues
Authors: Jang Tyng‐Yuan 
Published: February 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Wang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17272 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17367
Longitudinal associations between a health risk factor and juvenile justice placement among persistent juvenile offenders
Authors: Wareham Jennifer , Dembo Richard , Schmeidler James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHealth criminology explores the connection between crime and health factors. Less is understood about longitudinal health risks and adolescents entering the juvenile justice system. This study used a sample ofn= 388 males involved in the juvenile justice system to examined longitudinal associations of a latent health risk factor, comprised of depression, marijuana use, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with post‐juvenile assessment center (JAC) intake placement. Results using Bayesian estimation indicated the health risk factor was relatively stable over three time points of JAC entry and associated with present and, indirectly, future justice system placement. Youths who were Hispanic, Black, older, or living with a family member struggling with alcohol use had higher health risk. These findings underscore the need for juvenile justice system services that address health risks among persistent juvenile offenders, with consideration of cultural and family dynamics.
Comparison of 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)‐furanone, a volatile odor compound generated by the Maillard reaction, in cooked meat of various animal species and parts
Authors: Yokoyama Issei , Ohata Motoko , Komiya Yusuke , Nagasao Jun , Arihara Keizo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2,5‐Dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)‐furanone (DMHF), a compound having a sweet caramel‐like odor, is one of the major compounds generated by the Maillard reaction. DMHF could affect the palatability of cooked and processed foods such as meat, while its inhalation induces several physiological functions. However, basic findings of DMHF generation in meat remain unclear. In this study, we compared the amount of DMHF in cooked meat of various animal meat (Japanese black cattle beef, Australian beef, pork, and chicken) and parts (round, loin, thigh, and breast). Meat samples were heated at 230°C, and then the amount of DMHF was measured using the solvent extraction methods. Moreover, the substrates (total free amino acid and glucose) used for the Maillard reaction were also measured to elucidate the relation between DMHF generation and nutrients in meat. DMHF was detected in all cooked meat samples, suggesting that DMHF is generated in meat regardless of animal species and parts. A significant positive correlation was observed between the DMHF generation and glucose content in the round and thigh parts. Our results suggest that DMHF generation during meat cooking would be regulated by the glucose content.
Haematopoietic cell transplantation for children with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia without Down syndrome
Authors: Hama Asahito , Taga Takashi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Muramatsu Hideki , Hasegawa Daiichiro , Adachi Souichi , Yoshida Nao , Noguchi Maiko , Sato Maho , Okada Keiko , Koh Katsuyoshi , Mitsui Tetsuo , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Miyamura Takako , Hashii Yoshiko , Kato Koji , Atsuta Yoshiko , Okamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

SummaryPatients with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia of Down syndrome (DS‐AMKL) have an excellent survival rate; however, patients with non‐DS‐AMKL experience poor outcomes. Therefore, this study retrospectively analysed 203 children with non‐DS‐AMKL who underwent their first haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from 1986 to 2015 using a nationwide Japanese HCT registry data to assess HCT outcomes for non‐DS‐AMKL. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) rates were 43% and 38% respectively. The 5‐year OS rate was significantly higher for patients who underwent HCT in the first complete remission (CR1, 72%) than for those in the second CR (CR2, 23%) and non‐CR (16%) (p < 0.001), and for those from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched (52%) than for those from an HLA‐mismatched donor (27%) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis for OS revealed that HCT in CR2 and non‐CR was a significant risk factor (hazard ratio, 5.86; 95% confidence interval, 3.56–9.53; p < 0.001). The 3‐year EFS in patients who received HCT in CR1 using reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC, 35%) was significantly lower than in those using myeloablative conditioning (busulfan‐based, 71%; total body irradiation‐based, 58%) (p < 0.001). Risk stratification in patients with non‐DS‐AMKL should be established to determine HCT indication in CR1.
MED27 plays a tumor‐promoting role in breast cancer progression by targeting KLF4
Authors: Wang Ruozhu , Yu Wendan , Zhu Tianhua , Lin Fei , Hua Chunyu , Ru Liyuan , Guo Ping , Wan Xinyu , Xue Guoqing , Guo Ziyue , Han Shilong , Lv Kuan , Zhang Guohui , Ge Hanxiao , Guo Wei , Xu Lingzhi , Deng Wuguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mediator complex usually cooperates with transcription factors to be involved in RNA polymerase II‐mediated gene transcription. As one component of this complex, MED27 has been reported in our previous studies to promote thyroid cancer and melanoma progression. However, the precise function of MED27 in breast cancer development remains poorly understood. Here, we found that MED27 was more highly expressed in breast cancer samples than in normal tissues, especially in triple‐negative breast cancer, and its expression level was elevated with the increase in pathological stage. MED27 knockdown in triple‐negative breast cancer cells inhibited cancer cell metastasis and stemness maintenance, which was accompanied by downregulation of the expression of EMT‐ and stem traits‐associated proteins, and vice versa in non‐triple‐negative breast cancer. Furthermore, MED27 knockdown sensitized breast cancer cells to epirubicin treatment by inducing cellular apoptosis and reducing tumorsphere‐forming ability. Based on RNA‐seq, we identified KLF4 as the possible downstream target of MED27. KLF4 overexpression reversed the MED27 silencing‐mediated arrest of cellular metastasis and stemness maintenance capacity in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MED27 transcriptionally regulated KLF4 by binding to its promoter region at positions −156 to +177. Collectively, our study not only demonstrated the tumor‐promoting role of MED27 in breast cancer progression by transcriptionally targeting KLF4, but also suggested the possibility of developing the MED27/KLF4 signaling axis as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Patterns of coparenting and young children's social–emotional adjustment in low‐income families
Authors: Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. , Wang Jingyi , Yang Junyeong , Kim Minjung , Zhang Yiran , Yoon Susan H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study identified coparenting patterns using data collected across 2007–2010 from low‐income couples (N = 2915; 26.90% non‐Hispanic White; 9.41% non‐Hispanic Black; 34.24% Hispanic, 29.27% other or mixed race) with young children (M = 3.65 years; SD = 1.31 years; 48% girls) and examined relations with children's social–emotional adjustment. Latent profile analysis revealed four coparenting patterns: mutual high‐quality (43.4%), moderate‐quality, mothers less positive (31.8%), moderate‐quality, fathers less positive (15.9%), and low‐quality, mothers less positive (8.9%). When parents' perspectives on coparenting were positive and congruent, children fared best. Children also fared well when coparenting quality was moderate, and mothers were less positive than fathers. When coparenting quality was moderate and fathers were less positive than mothers, children showed the poorest adjustment.
Does statin use affect amyloid beta deposition and brain metabolism?
Authors: Nabizadeh Fardin , Valizadeh Parya , Balabandian Mohammad ,   Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are contradictory findings regarding the effect of statin drugs on amyloid β (Aβ) deposition as one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with tau pathology. We aimed to longitudinally investigate the therapeutic and preventive role of statin drugs by examining the brain Aβ deposition and metabolism rate in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe data of 828 subjects including 178 HC, 492 MCI, and 158 AD individuals were obtained from ADNI. The baseline and longitudinal [18F] AV45 and 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) measures were investigated among statin users and non‐users.ResultsOur results showed that there is no significant difference in baseline Aβ deposition and metabolism rate between statin users and non‐users among HC, MCI, and AD subjects. While there was no significant effect of statin on metabolism rate, there was a significant difference in Aβ deposition change after 4 years (from baseline) between statin users and non‐users within HC subjects (p = 0.011). The change of Aβ deposition at 4 years from baseline was −2.0 ± 6.3% for statin users and 1.4 ± 4.7% for non‐users. There was no significant association between statin duration use with baseline and longitudinal Aβ deposition and metabolism rate. However, statin dosage was significantly associated with Aβ deposition in 2 years (r = −0.412, p = 0.021) in the HC group. Moreover, our analysis showed a significant correlation between total statin exposure (duration×dosage) and Aβ deposition in 2 years visit (r = −0.198, p = 0.037) in HC subjects. Furthermore, we investigated the longitudinal changes within each group of statin users and non‐users separately in linear mixed models. Our findings showed that there are no significant changes in AV45 and FDG SUVR among both groups.ConclusionThe present longitudinal analysis revealed that using statins might be beneficial in slowing down or stabilizing the Aβ deposition due to aging in subjects without cognitive impairment. However, once the clinical symptoms of cognitive impairment appear, statins fail to slow down Aβ deposition. Overall, our findings revealed that statin users might have slower Aβ aggregation than non‐users.
Four challenges to an effective national nature assessment
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Noss Reed F. , Dreiss Lindsay M. , Hamilton Healy , Stein Bruce A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComprehensive biodiversity assessments play an essential role in strengthening global and national conservation strategies. The recently announced first U.S. National Nature Assessment (NNA) provides an unparalleled opportunity to comprehensively review status and trends of biodiversity at all levels. This broad context can help in the coordination of actions to conserve individual species and ecosystems. The scientific assessments that informed the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at the 2022 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) conference of parties provide models for synthesizing information on trends at multiple levels of biodiversity, including decline in abundance and distribution of species, loss of populations and genetic diversity, and degradation and loss of ecosystems and their services. The assessments then relate these trends to data on drivers of biodiversity loss and pathways to their mitigation. The U.S. NNA can augment such global analyses and avoid the pitfalls encountered by previous U.S. efforts by ensuring policy‐relevant design, data accessibility, and inclusivity in process and product and by incorporating spatial data relevant to national and subnational audiences. Although the United States is not formally a CBD party, an effective NNA should take full advantage of the global context by including indicators adopted at the 2022 meeting and incorporating an independent review mechanism that supports periodic stocktaking and ratcheting up of ambition in response to identified shortfalls in stemming biodiversity loss. The challenges to design of an effective U.S. assessment are relevant globally as nations develop assessments and reporting to support the new global biodiversity framework's targets. By considering and incorporating the diverse ways in which society values and benefits from nature, such assessments can help bridge the gap between research and conservation practice and communicate the extent of the biodiversity crisis to the public, fostering broad‐based support for transformative change in humanity's relationship to the natural world.