bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roots, Leaves, and Flowers: A Narrative Review of Herbs and Botanicals Used for Self‐Managed Abortion in Asia and the Pacific
Authors: Chen Tracy X. , Hamachi April , Soon Reni , Natavio Melissa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbortion has existed throughout history, often outside of formal health care systems. This type of care, now called self‐managed abortion, has historically been achieved in part through botanicals and traditional medicines. Their use continues into the modern day, especially in Asia, Hawai‘i, and other Pacific Islands, where indigenous medicine traditions practice alongside allopathic medicine. Many of these botanicals, such as papaya leaves, hibiscus flowers, and young kī, and traditional medicines, such as tianhuafen, yuanhua, and Shenghua Decoction, have undergone scientific and clinical investigation of their potential abortifacient and antifertility action. The incidence of self‐managed abortion with such abortifacients in countries with severe abortion restrictions are only estimates, leading to the possibility that legal rulings and societal pressures may cause underreporting. The Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities in the United States also suffer from a lack of abortion access in addition to unique health disparities and barriers to reproductive health care. As difficulties in abortion access increases due to the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, some may seek or even prefer self‐managed abortion through traditional methods that have been passed down in their communities. Midwives and other health care providers may then be contacted during this process. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on the use of botanicals, herbs, and traditional medicines used for self‐managed abortion, specifically in Asia, Hawai‧i, and other Pacific Islands. Their implications for practice for providers in the United States and further opportunities for research are also presented.
Regulatory capital and asset risk transfer
Authors: Kim Kyeonghee , Leverty J. Tyler , Schmit Joan T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe explore whether life insurers use a unique reinsurance arrangement to manage assets tied to their regulatory capital. Typical reinsurance allows insurers to reduce their regulatory capital by transferring liabilities (reserves), and the associated assets, to reinsurers. With modified coinsurance (ModCo), insurers maintain control of their liabilities and assets while transferring regulatory capital requirements to the reinsurer. Holding fixed an insurer's reported capital, we find that ModCo allows insurers to report higher risk‐based capital ratios. Insurers with ModCo are less likely to fire sale downgraded bonds. We also find suggestive evidence of regulatory arbitrage, as most ModCo is purchased from reinsurers in countries with low capital requirements or within the same insurance group.
Factors associated with dental implant loss/complications in the Veterans Health Administration, 2015–2019
Authors: Wilson Geneva M. , McGregor Jessina C. , Gibson Gretchen , Jurasic M. Marianne , Evans Charlesnika T. , Suda Katie J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTwelve percent of the U.S. population has a dental implant. Although rare, implant loss/complications can impact quality of life. This study evaluated indicators for implant loss/complications.MethodsVeterans with dental implants placed between 2015 and 2019 were included. Implant loss/complications were defined as implant removal or peri‐implant defect treatment within 90 days. Binomial logistic regression identified factors associated with implant loss/complications.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2019, 48,811 dental implants were placed in 38,246 Veterans. Implant loss/complications was identified for 202 (0.4%) implants. In adjusted analyses, Veterans aged 50–64 years (OR = 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.46)) and ≥65 (OR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.53)) were more likely to have implant loss/complications. History of oral infection, tooth location, and number of implants placed all significantly increased the odds of loss/complications.ConclusionDental implant loss/complications are rare outcomes. Older age, location of implant, and the number of implants placed during a visit were significant predictors of loss/complication.
Equivalence in dictionary and text
Authors: Kotorova Elizaveta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present paper deals with the problem of interlingual equivalence in vocabulary, text translation and intercultural communication and proposes a novel approach to this problem based on ideas from prototype theory and field theory. Within this approach, interlingual equivalence is defined not as the relation between two lexemes, but as the relation between a lexeme and a semantic field. The first part of the paper thus provides a general description of the main types of corresponding semantic fields. The second part deals with the factors that generally serve as a basis for establishing equivalence relations between lexical units in systems of the languages being compared and in texts. Particular attention is paid to outlining the differences between these factors. Furthermore, the paper discusses peculiarities arising when establishing equivalence relations between utterances in interlingual communication. In certain communicative situations, equivalent utterances cannot be perceived as adequate forms of realisation of a speech act, which must be taken into account in order to avoid misunderstanding and communication failure. In this case, equivalence relations in communication often need to be replaced by relations of adequacy. The difference between equivalence and adequacy is discussed as well. The analysis is based on comparison of the lexical‐semantic spheres of English, German and Russian.
Rapid genetic adaptation to a novel ecosystem despite a large founder event
Authors: Sparks Morgan M. , Schraidt Claire E. , Yin Xiaoshen , Seeb Lisa W. , Christie Mark R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduced and invasive species make excellent natural experiments for investigating rapid evolution. Here, we describe the effects of genetic drift and rapid genetic adaptation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) that were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes via a single introduction event 31 generations ago. Using whole‐genome resequencing for 134 fish spanning five sample groups across the native and introduced range, we estimate that the source population's effective population size was 146,886 at the time of introduction, whereas the founding population's effective population size was just 72—a 2040‐fold decrease. As expected with a severe founder event, we show reductions in genome‐wide measures of genetic diversity, specifically a 37.7% reduction in the number of SNPs and an 8.2% reduction in observed heterozygosity. Despite this decline in genetic diversity, we provide evidence for putative selection at 47 loci across multiple chromosomes in the introduced populations, including missense variants in genes associated with circadian rhythm, immunological response and maturation, which match expected or known phenotypic changes in the Great Lakes. For one of these genes, we use a species‐specific agent‐based model to rule out genetic drift and conclude our results support a strong response to selection occurring in a period gene (per2) that plays a predominant role in determining an organism's daily clock, matching large day length differences experienced by introduced salmon during important phenological periods. Together, these results inform how populations might evolve rapidly to new environments, even with a small pool of standing genetic variation.
Protective effect of small extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ACE2‐modified human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Su Rongyun , Wang Yinghui , Wang Honggang , Li Shan , Yang Xue , Liu Gang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury is a severe disease that is closely associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The most common cause of AKI is renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have previously been shown to have renoprotective effects. However, extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs are thought to be the key for the therapeutic effects of MSCs. This study investigated whether small EVs derived from ACE2‐modified human umbilical cord MSCs could alleviate RIRI and explored their underlying molecular mechanismsMethodsA lentivirus carrying an ACE2 overexpression vector was constructed and used to infect MSCs. The small EVs were isolated from MSC‐conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. HK‐2 cells were cocultured with MSC‐ACE2‐EVs and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. MSCs‐ACE2‐EVs were injected into RIRI mice. Biochemical and morphological characteristics were assessed, and the levels of inflammatory‐related factors, oxidative stress products, and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells and kidney tissues were assessedResultsIn vitro, MSC‐ACE2‐EVs had stronger anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects in HK‐2 cells subjected to H/R than MSC‐NC‐EVs. In vivo, MSC‐ACE2‐EVs could target the injured kidney, reduce blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and protect the kidney from I/R, and this effect may have been related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signalling pathwayConclusionTaken together, our results demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antiapoptotic effects of MSC‐ACE2‐EVs, which protected against I/R injury in vitro and vivo. MSC‐ACE2‐EVs may be therapeutic agents for RIRIimage
Spiritual care experiences of nurses working in intensive care units: A qualitative study
Authors: Dural Gül 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost nurses working in intensive care units are unprepared to provide spiritual care to patients and they lack the competence and skills to provide spiritual care. Lack of moral evaluation of patients has negative effects on the patient. Spiritual care given to patients has effects on patient–nurse communication, general condition of the patient, and the quality of care.AimThis study was conducted to find out the spiritual care experiences of nurses working in intensive care units.Study DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used. The study was carried out with 14 nurses who were working in the intensive care units of a university hospital in eastern Turkey between May and July 2022. Two forms were created by the researcher according to the purpose of the study and the population. Inductive thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data. Ethics committee approval was obtained.ResultsTen of the nurses were women. Their ages were between 25 and 47 years, their working years ranged between 2 and 28 years, and their weekly working hours ranged between 40 to 56 hours. As a result of the thematic analysis, six themes and 18 sub‐themes were determined: The themes determined are (1) Definition of spiritual care (2) Time of spiritual care, (3) Benefits of spiritual care, (4) Spiritual care practices, (5) Obstacles in providing spiritual care.ConclusionsProviding spiritual care to patients in intensive care is a very important experience for nurses. Understanding spiritual care, recognizing its importance, and including it in nursing practice have a central significance.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSpiritual care provided in nursing profession is as important as physical care, and supporting patients in intensive care is at the heart of providing the best holistic care.
Long‐term safety of tenapanor in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in the T3MPO‐3 study
Authors: Lembo Anthony J. , Friedenberg Keith A. , Fogel Ronald P. , Edelstein Susan , Zhao Suling , Yang Yang , Rosenbaum David P. , Chey William D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTenapanor, a first‐in‐class, minimally systemic inhibitor of intestinal sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), is approved for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) in adults based on two randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase III studies (T3MPO‐1 [NCT02621892], T3MPO‐2 [NCT02686138]). The open‐label T3MPO‐3 extension study (NCT02727751) enrolled patients who completed these studies to investigate long‐term safety and tolerability of tenapanor.MethodsPatients who completed T3MPO‐1 (16 weeks) or T3MPO‐2 (26 weeks) were eligible for enrollment in T3MPO‐3. Patients in T3MPO‐3 received open‐label tenapanor 50 mg twice a day for up to an additional 39 (T3MPO‐1) or 26 (T3MPO‐2) weeks. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated in the entire T3MPO‐3 safety population and in patients who received a total of ≥52 weeks of tenapanor.Key ResultsA total of 312 patients were enrolled in T3MPO‐3; 90 received ≥52 weeks of tenapanor. TEAEs were reported in 117 (37.5%) patients in the safety population and in 52 (57.8%) patients who received ≥52 weeks of tenapanor. Diarrhea was the most common TEAE, occurring in 10.6% of the safety population and in 11.1% of patients who received ≥52 weeks of tenapanor. Most cases were mild or moderate in severity, with only two severe cases reported in the safety population. No deaths occurred during the T3MPO‐3 study.ConclusionsTenapanor was tolerable over ≥52 weeks of treatment and showed similar safety to that seen in shorter studies. Combined results of the T3MPO studies indicate that tenapanor is a valuable new treatment option for patients with IBS‐C.
Interaction of PALE CRESS with PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10 affects the accumulation of plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Qi Yafei , Liu Na , Zhang Qiaoxin , Xie Sha , Lei Yang , Li Bilang , Shao Jingxia , Yu Fei , Liu Xiayan 
Published: September 2023

Summary

The transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts is largely mediated by the plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), which resembles prokaryotic‐type RNA polymerases, but with plant‐specific accessory subunits known as plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins (pTACs) or PEP‐associated proteins (PAPs). However, whether additional factors are involved in the biogenesis of PEP complexes remains unknown.

Here, we investigated the function of an essential gene, PALE CRESS (PAC), in the accumulation of PEP complexes in chloroplasts.

We established that an Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant, variegated 6‐1 (var6‐1), is a hypomorphic allele of PAC. Unexpectedly, we revealed that a fraction of VAR6/PAC is associated with thylakoid membranes, where it interacts with PEP complexes. The accumulation of PEP complexes is defective in both var6‐1 and the null allele var6‐2. Further protein interaction assays confirmed that VAR6/PAC interacts directly with the PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10 subunits of PEP complexes. Moreover, we generated viable hypomorphic alleles of the essential gene PAP2/pTAC2, and revealed a genetic interaction between PAC and PAP2/pTAC2 in photosynthesis gene expression and PEP complex accumulation.

Our findings establish that VAR6/PAC affects PEP complex accumulation through interactions with PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10, and provide new insights into the accumulation of PEP and chloroplast development.
Preliminary effects of a WeChat‐based educational intervention on social participation among older adults in a community
Authors: Liang Jiagui , Liu Jun‐E , Mak Yim Wah , Sun Liu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe social participation of older people should be encouraged, as it is fundamental to their well‐being and the practice of aged care. Therefore, the ability of older persons to participate in society should be strengthened.ObjectiveTo evaluate the preliminary effects of a WeChat‐based educational intervention on the social participation of community‐dwelling older adults in China.MethodsThis study was a quasi‐experimental design. Twenty‐eight community‐dwelling older adults participated in a WeChat‐based educational intervention. The intervention contents included concepts and preparation of social participation, analysis of participation resources and capabilities, technological adaptation, emotional management, setting of to‐do lists, etc. Social participation, self‐worth and subjective well‐being were measured via the WeChat application on smartphones at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and a 3‐month follow‐up. We analysed data using paired t‐tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsWe found statistically significant improvements in social participation (active aging) (F = 4.408; p < .05) as well as the self‐worth dimensions of moral worth (F = 4.135; p < .05) and psychological worth (F = 3.234; p < .05), and the negative‐affect dimension of subjective well‐being being decreased (F = 2.484; p < .05).ConclusionsThe WeChat‐based education intervention can effectively improve social participation and self‐worth, and may provide effective preventive healthcare solutions for older adults in China.Implications for PracticeThe enormous value of the social participation of independent older adults must be recognised. Nurses can use smartphones to deliver health and social participation information in routine programs in aged care.
Disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia 1 protein aggregates in cerebrospinal fluid are elevated in patients with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Pils Marlene , Rutsch Julia , Eren Feride , Engberg Göran , Piehl Fredrik , Cervenka Simon , Sellgren Carl , Troßbach Svenja , Willbold Dieter , Erhardt Sophie , Bannach Oliver , Korth Carsten 
Published: September 2023

AimThe disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein is a key regulator at the intersection of major signaling pathways relevant for adaptive behavior. It is prone to posttranslational changes such as misassembly and aggregation but the significance of such transformations for human mental illness has remained unclear. We aimed to demonstrate the occurrence of DISC1 protein aggregates in patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodCerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with FEP (n = 50) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 47) were measured by the highly sensitive surface‐based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis technology that enables single aggregate detection.ResultsWe demonstrate that DISC1 protein aggregates are increased in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with FEP versus HCs. The concentration was in the low femtomolar range. No correlations were found with specific symptom levels, but the difference was particularly significant in the subset of patients with the diagnoses schizophrenia, unspecified (DSM‐IV 295.9) or schizoaffective disorder (DSM‐IV 295.70) at 18‐month follow‐up. DISC1 protein aggregate levels did not significantly change within the 18‐month observation interval and were on average higher for individuals carrying the major DISC1 rs821577 allele, before correction.ConclusionThe occurrence of protein aggregates in vivo in patients with psychotic disorders has not been previously reported. It underscores the significance of posttranslational modifications of proteins both as pathogenetic mechanisms and as potential diagnostic markers in these disorders.
Xeroderma pigmentosum group G with pellagroid rash: A rare presentation
Authors: Garg Sonika , Garg Kunal , Thakur Vishal , Behera Biswanath 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a heterogeneous genodermatoses, has a variable clinical spectrum ranging from mild freckling and photosensitivity to severe skeletal and neurological abnormalities and cutaneous malignancies. Herein, we present the case of a 4‐year‐old boy with XP group G who presented with a pellagroid rash.
Perceptions of skincare ingredients and product labels in pediatric eczema care
Authors: Zemlok Sarah Kamsiah , Bentivegna Kathryn , Torre Kristin , Rothe Marti , Chang Mary Wu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEducating pediatric eczema patients and caregivers on appropriate product selection and avoidance of common irritants or allergens is a crucial aspect of eczema management. This study surveyed 80 pediatric caregivers in an academic pediatric dermatology clinic to assess influential factors in caregivers' selection of pediatric eczema‐care products and identify ways to improve patient counseling on appropriate product selection and avoidance of common irritants or allergens. Caregivers frequently reported positive perceptions of commonly recommended ingredients for eczema but had inconsistent perceptions of fragrant plant oils and extracts, regardless of previous counseling on fragrance avoidance. These findings demonstrate uncertainty and misperceptions perpetuated by product labeling and a need for improved counseling strategies for avoiding fragrance and excessive product costs.
The dose response of erythemal area and intensity on the unprotected skin fits well to a logistic 3P model in SPF tests of a Chinese population, which has the potential to improve the precision and consistency of minimal erythema dose determination
Authors: Qu Di , Liao Feng , Liu Jianwei , Li Xiangzi , Ye Congxiu , Zheng Yue , Xie Xiaoyuan , Yi Jinling , Lai Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe current ISO guidelines for minimal erythema dose (MED) determination require assessment of erythema area of UV‐irradiated skin sites. However, this parameter has not been adequately quantified in daily practice. The aims of this study were to investigate the dose response on the unprotected skin sites by quantifying the erythema area and intensity and to show the potential for improving the precision and consistency of MEDu determination by developing predictive models.MethodsStandard radiation tests were conducted on the back of 31 healthy Chinese volunteers and the MEDu site of each subject was clinically determined by dermatologists. Images of test sites were captured 24 h after radiation, and the erythema area (%EA) and intensity (∆a*) were measured by image analysis. The data were fitted to a logistic 3P function to obtain dose–response curves, and a set of logit (inverse‐logistic) models were then derived. An erythema area threshold of %EA = 52% was established to predict MEDu based on the clinical endpoints defined by ISO 24444:2019.ResultsAnalysis of the clinically determined MEDu sites revealed wide ranges of %EA (62.3 ± 15% SD) and ∆a* (2.96 ± 0.92 SD). The dose response fitted well to a logistic 3P model (mean R2 = 0.965 and 0.975 for %EA and ∆a*, respectively). Applying the area threshold, values of MEDu were determined by the logit model for the test population, which significantly improved the consistency of MEDu determination (52 ± 0% SD and 2.73 ± 0.61 SD for %EA and ∆a*, respectively).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the dose response of UV‐induced erythema can be quantified and modeled once the erythema area and intensity are measured. The results of this study show the potential to improve the precision and consistency of MEDu determination in an SPF test. The similar potential in photodermatological, therapeutic, and diagnostic applications was also implied.