bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of social gradient in cardiometabolic health in Czechia and Venezuela: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bartoskova Polcrova Anna , Nieto-Martinez Ramfis , Mechanick Jeffrey I , Maranhao Neto Geraldo A , Infante-Garcia Maria M , Pikhart Hynek , Bobak Martin , Medina-Inojosa Jose , Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study compared the relationships of social determinants with cardiometabolic risk in different socioeconomic contexts: sociopolitically unstable Venezuela (VE) and stable Czechia (CZ).Design: cross-sectional analysis involving two population-based studies.SettingBrno, Czechia and 23 cities of Venezuela.Participants25–64 years old subjects from CZ (2013–2014, n=1579, 56% females) and VE (2014–2017, n=1652, 70% females).Main outcome measuresThe composite cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) (scaled 0–8) was calculated using eight biomarkers (body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides). Social characteristics included education in both countries, income in CZ and a composite measure of social position (SP) in VE. Sex stratified ordinal regression examined the social gradient in having less favourable CMRS.ResultsIn CZ, men and women with low education and women with low income had higher odds of higher CMRS compared with those with high education and income with OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.21), 2.29 (95% CI 1.62 to 3.24) and 1.69 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.35). In VE, women with low education and low SP had higher odds to have higher CMRS OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.97) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.97), while men with low education and low SP had lower odds to have higher CMRS OR 0.64 (95% CI 0.41 to 1.00) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.97), compared with those with high education and high SP. Independently of age, sex and socioeconomic characteristics, Venezuelans had higher odds to have higher CMRS than Czechs (OR 2.70; 95% CI 2.37 to 3.08).ConclusionsThe results suggest that the associations of socioeconomic status indices and cardiometabolic risk differed between CZ and VE, likely reflecting differences in the social environment among countries. Further research is needed to confirm and quantify these differences.
Trends in antineoplastic drug use, cost and prescribing patterns among patients with lung cancer in nine major cities of China, 2016–2020: a retrospective observational study based on inpatient and outpatient hospital data
Authors: Shang Jingyuan , Zhou Lixin , Huang Lin , Yang Feng , Liu Yanguo , Zhang Chunyan , Zu Li'an , Fan Rongrong , Zhang Xiaohong , Liu Yi , Feng Yufei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesIt is unclear whether the use of antineoplastic drugs for patients with lung cancer in China has changed after the implementation of the national drug price negotiation in 2016 and continual update of clinical guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the trends in antineoplastic drug use, cost and prescribing patterns among patients with lung cancer in major cities of China.DesignWe conducted a retrospective observational study using data from January 2016 to December 2020.SettingThis study used prescription records based on inpatient and outpatient hospital data from 97 hospitals in 9 major cities of China.ParticipantsA total of 218 325 antineoplastic drug prescriptions in patients with lung cancer were retrospectively collected from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project during the study period.Outcome measuresTrends in antineoplastic drug use, cost and prescribing patterns among patients with lung cancer.ResultsThe yearly antineoplastic prescriptions increased by 85.6% from 28 594 in 2016 to 53 063 in 2020 (Z=1.71, p=0.086). Significant increases were seen in the prescriptions for protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), whereas significant decreases were observed in antimetabolites, plant alkaloids and platinum compounds. The yearly cost increased progressively by 145.0% from ¥113.6 million in 2016 to ¥278.3 million in 2020 (Z=2.20, p=0.027). The top three anticancer drug classes in terms of total cost were PKIs, antimetabolites and mAbs. In prescribing patterns of antineoplastic agents for lung cancer, monotherapy, and triple or more drug combinations gradually increased, while dual combinations decreased significantly from 30.8% to 19.6%.ConclusionsPrescription practices among patients with lung cancer in China underwent major changes during the study period. The observed trends can aid in understanding the present medication use status of patients with lung cancer in China and provide information for future drug management.
Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden
Authors: Carlander Christina , Brännström Johanna , Månsson Fredrik , Elvstam Olof , Albinsson Pernilla , Blom Simon , Mattsson Lena , Hovmöller Sanne , Norrgren Hans , Mellgren Åsa , Svedhem Veronica , Gisslén Magnus , Sönnerborg Anders 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe Swedish InfCareHIV cohort was established in 2003 to ensure equal and effective care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and enable long-term follow-up. InfCareHIV functions equally as a decision support system as a quality registry, ensuring up-to-date data reported in real time.ParticipantsInfCareHIV includes data on >99% of all people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden and up to now 13 029 have been included in the cohort. InfCareHIV includes data on HIV-related biomarkers and antiretroviral therapies (ART) and also on demographics, patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures.Findings to dateSweden was in 2015 the first country to reach the UNAIDS (United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)/WHO’s 90-90-90 goals. Late diagnosis of HIV infection was identified as a key problem in the Swedish HIV-epidemic, and low-level HIV viraemia while on ART associated with all-cause mortality. Increased HIV RNA load in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite suppression of the plasma viral load was found in 5% of PLHIV, a phenomenon referred to as ‘CSF viral escape’. Dolutegravir-based treatment in PLHIV with pre-existing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-mutations was non-inferior to protease inhibitor-based regimens. An increase of transmitted drug resistance was observed in the InfCareHIV cohort. Lower efficacy for protease inhibitors was not due to lower adherence to treatment. Incidence of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance was high in the ageing HIV population. Despite ART, the risk of infection-related cancer as well as lung cancer was increased in PLHIV compared with HIV-negative. PLHIV were less likely successfully treated for cervical precancer and more likely to have human papillomavirus types not included in current HPV vaccines. Self-reported sexual satisfaction in PLHIV is improving and is higher in women than men.Future plansInfCareHIV provides a unique base to study and further improve long-term treatment outcomes, comorbidity management and health-related quality of life in people with HIV in Sweden.
Novel patient-centred outcome in cancer care, days at home: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Mahar Alyson , Jerath Angela , Bondzi-Simpson Adom , Barabash Victoria , Barr Austin A , Wright Frances C , Kosyachkova Ekaterina , Deleemans Julie , Coburn Natalie G , Hallet Julie 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPatient-centred care is valued by patients and providers. As management of cancer becomes increasingly complex, the value of providing care that incorporates an individual’s values and preferences along with demographic and tumour factors is increasingly important. To improve care, patients with cancer need easily accessible information on the outcomes important to them. The patient-centred outcome, days at home (DAH), is based on a construct that measures the time a patient spends alive and out of hospitals and healthcare institutions. DAH is accurately measured from various data sources and has shown construct validity with many patient-centred outcomes. There is significant heterogeneity in terms used and definitions for DAH in cancer care. This scoping review aims to consolidate information on the outcome DAH in cancer care and to review definitions and terms used to date to guide future use of DAH as a patient-centred care, research and policy tool.Methods and analysisThis scoping review protocol has been designed with joint guidance from theJBI Manual for Evidence Synthesisand the expanded framework from Arksey and O’Malley. We will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus for studies measuring DAH, or equivalent, in the context of active adult cancer care. Broad inclusion criteria have been developed, given the recent introduction of DAH into cancer literature. Editorials, opinion pieces, case reports, abstracts, dissertations, protocols, reviews, narrative studies and grey literature will be excluded. Two authors will independently perform full-text selection. Data will be extracted, charted and summarised both qualitatively and quantitively.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required for this scoping review. Results will be disseminated through scientific publication and presentation at relevant conferences.
Developing a best practice framework for musculoskeletal outpatient physiotherapy delegation: the MOPeD mixed-methods research study protocol
Authors: Sarigiovannis Panos , Foster Nadine E , Jowett Sue , Saunders Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPhysiotherapy assistants/support workers are an important part of the physiotherapy workforce in the UK. Many of them work in National Health Service (NHS) physiotherapy outpatient services treating patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. In many services, they take responsibility, under professional supervision, for types of clinical work traditionally undertaken by physiotherapists such as leading exercise classes and treating individual patients. Nevertheless, their role(s) are relatively undefined and as such, there is considerable variation in the duties and tasks they undertake. This study aims to design a framework of ‘best practice’ in delegation to guide the work of clinicians in NHS physiotherapy MSK services and facilitate standardisation of practice to ensure that patients receive safe and effective treatment by the most appropriate person.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study will be conducted in four stages. In stage 1, a focused ethnography in two MSK outpatient physiotherapy services will explore how the current use of delegation is informed by the culture within the clinical setting as well as views, attitudes about, and experiences of, delegation among clinicians, managers and patients. In stage 2a, nominal group technique will be used with three separate groups (physiotherapists/physiotherapy assistants/support workers, managers) to reach a consensus about what components should be included in a best practice framework of delegation. In stage 2b, a discrete choice experiment will elicit patients’ preferences between care from physiotherapists and physiotherapy assistants/support workers within MSK physiotherapy services. In the final stage, the results of all previous stages will be triangulated to inform the development of a best practice delegation framework for future testing and use within NHS MSK outpatient physiotherapy services.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the South West-Frenchay Research Ethics Committee. The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, the lay press and social media.
Measuring the patient safety culture at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC)
Authors: Ahmed Fasih Ali , Asif Fozia , Munir Tahir , Halim Muhammad Sohail , Feroze Ali Zehra , Belgaumi Asim , Zafar Hasnain , Latif Asad 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPatient safety is a top priority for many healthcare organisations worldwide. However, most of the initiatives aimed at the measurement and improvement of patient safety culture have been undertaken in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to measure the patient safety culture at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC).MethodsThe HSOPSC was used to measure the patient safety culture across 12 dimensions at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. 2,959 individuals, who had been working at the hospital, were administered the HSOPSC in paper form between June and September 2019.ResultsThe response rate of the survey was 50%. In the past 12 months, 979 respondents (33.1%) had submitted at least one event report. Results showed that the personnel viewed the patient safety culture at their hospital favourably. Overall, respondents scored highest in the following dimensions: ‘feedback and communication on error’ (91%), ‘organisational learning and continuous improvement’ (85%), ‘teamwork within units’ (83%), ‘teamwork across units’ (76%). The dimensions with the lowest positive per cent scores included ‘staffing’ (40%) and ‘non-punitive response to error’ (41%). Only the reliability of the ‘handoffs and transitions’, ‘frequency of events reported’, ‘organisational learning’ and ‘teamwork within units’ was higher than Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7. Upon regression analysis of positive responses, physicians and nurses were found to have responded less favourably than the remaining professional groups for most dimensions.ConclusionThe measurement of safety culture is both feasible and informative in developing countries and could be broadly implemented to inform patient safety efforts. Current data suggest that it compares favourably with benchmarks from hospitals in the USA. Like the USA, high staff workload is a significant safety concern among staff. This study lays the foundation for further context-specific research on patient safety culture in developing countries.
Experience and opinions relating to pregnancy in patients with chronic intestinal failure: an international survey
Authors: Bond Ashley , Allan Philip , Conley Thomas Edward , Farrer Kirstine , Mackillop Lucy , Bozzetti Federico , Cuerda Cristina , Jeppesen Palle , Joly Francisca , Lamprecht Georg , Mundi Manpreet , Szczepanek Kinga , Van Gossum Andre , Wanten Geert , Pironi Loris , Lal Simon 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPregnancy in patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF) is a relatively rare occurrence but is an important contemporary topic given both the increasing use of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and the demographics of patients with CIF.MethodAn opinion-based survey was produced in a multidisciplinary manner, which was then distributed internationally, via the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism network, using a web-based survey tool for healthcare professionals with a specialist interest in the management of CIF.ResultsSeventy specialists from 11 countries completed the survey. Fifty-four per cent of the respondents reported some experience of managing pregnancy in patients with CIF. However, 60% stated that they did not feel that it was their role to discuss the topic of pregnancy with their patients, with fewer than 10% stating that they routinely did so. Respondents felt that an individualised approach was required when considering alterations to parenteral support prior to conception, during pregnancy and in the postnatal period. Most respondents also felt there was no increased risk of catheter-related blood stream infections, while catheter-related thrombosis was deemed to be the most significant HPN-related complication for pregnant women.ConclusionThis study reports a variable experience, knowledge and confidence of healthcare professionals when considering pregnancy in patients with CIF. The risk of HPN-related complication was felt to be greater during pregnancy, with an individualised approach being the preferred route for most aspects of care. The findings support the need for an international registry and subsequent consensus guidelines for the management of pregnancy in CIF.
Providing recurrence risk counselling for parents after diagnosis of a serious genetic condition caused by an apparently de novo mutation in their child: a qualitative investigation of the PREGCARE strategy with UK clinical genetics practitioners
Authors: Kay Alison C , Wells Jonathan , Hallowell Nina , Goriely Anne 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDiagnosis of a child with a genetic condition leads to parents asking whether there is a risk the condition could occur again with future pregnancies. If the cause is identified as an apparent de novo mutation (DNM), couples are currently given a generic, population average, recurrence risk of ~1%–2%, depending on the condition. Although DNMs usually arise as one-off events, they can also originate through the process of mosaicism in either parent; in this instance, the DNM is present in multiple germ cells and the actual recurrence risk could theoretically be as high as 50%.MethodsOur qualitative interview study examined the views and reflections on current practice provided by UK practitioners working in clinical genetics (n=20) regarding the potential impact of PREcision Genetic Counselling And REproduction (PREGCARE)—a new preconception personalised recurrence risk assessment strategy.ResultsThose interviewed regarded PREGCARE as a very useful addition to risk management, especially for cases where it revised the risk downwards or clarified that a couple’s personalised recurrence risk meets National Health Service thresholds for non-invasive prenatal testing, otherwise inaccessible based on the generic DNM recurrence risk.ConclusionParticipants said it could release some couples requiring reassurance from undergoing unnecessary invasive testing in future pregnancies. However, they regarded mosaicism and PREGCARE as complex concepts to communicate, requiring further training and additional appointment time for pre-test genetic counselling to prepare couples for all the possible outcomes of a personalised risk assessment, including potentially identifying the parental origin of the DNM, and to ensure informed consent.
Supercomputers against strong coupling in gravity with curvature and torsion
Authors: Barker W. E. V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany theories of gravity are spoiled by strongly coupled modes: the high computational cost of Hamiltonian analysis can obstruct the identification of these modes. A computer algebra implementation of the Hamiltonian constraint algorithm for curvature and torsion theories is presented. These non-Riemannian or Poincaré gauge theories suffer notoriously from strong coupling. The implementation forms a package (the ‘Hamiltonian Gauge Gravity Surveyor’ –HiGGS) for thexActtensor manipulation suite inMathematica. Poisson brackets can be evaluated in parallel, meaning that Hamiltonian analysis can be done on silicon, and at scale. AccordinglyHiGGSis designed to survey the whole Lagrangian space with high-performance computing resources (clusters and supercomputers). To demonstrate this, the space of ‘outlawed’ Poincaré gauge theories is surveyed, in which a massive parity-even/odd vector or parity-odd tensor torsion particle accompanies the usual graviton. The survey spans possible configurations of teleparallel-style multiplier fields which might be used to kill-off the strongly coupled modes, with the results to be analysed in subsequent work. All brackets between the known primary and secondary constraints of all theories are made available for future study. Demonstrations are also given for usingHiGGS– on a desktop computer – to run the Dirac–Bergmann algorithm on specific theories, such as Einstein–Cartan theory and its minimal extensions.
Buccal swabs for amphibian genomics
Authors: Ambu Johanna , Dufresnes Christophe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Conservation genetics must find the balance between the technical challenges of DNA sampling while promoting animal welfare. In amphibians, buccal swabs offer a least intrusive source of DNA, but most herpetologists still refrain to use them, partly due to doubts regarding their effectiveness to provide enough material now that next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses have become routine. In this article, we hope to change their minds through an empirical demonstration that buccal swabs offer DNA amounts and success rates for a widely used NGS approach (RAD-sequencing) that are equivalent to those of more intrusive yet commonly used samples in frogs and toads. We thus call for a shift of DNA sampling practices, and stress the fact that beyond their proven reliability, buccal swabs facilitate the issue of collection permits by increasingly restrictive ethical committees, especially when it comes to endangered species. With this purpose in mind, we share our long-term experience with amphibian buccal swabs through visual and textual pointers.
Trap nesting bees of genus Megachile and nesting biology of three species of subgenus Callomegachile (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae) from North India
Authors: Kunjwal Neha , Khan Mohammad Sarfraz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Studies conducted on the fitness of types of trap nests for Megachile bees showed that six species, viz. Megachile (Callomegachile) cephalotes, Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) lanata, Megachile (Callomegachile) relata, Megachile (Eutricharaea) studiosella and Megachile (Callomegachile) umbripennis nested in tunnels (5-10 mm diameter), provided in different forms (drilled tunnels in bee nesting posts and wooden logs, and hollowed tunnels in bamboo sticks and reed stems). Nesting biology studies for three callomegachid bees, M. cephalotes, M. disjuncta and M. umbripennis, revealed that they nest in tunnels of similar length (; ) and diameter (; ). The cell walls and cell partitions were significantly different among the three species. The M. cephalotes females used resin to build their brood cells leaving an empty space. Megachile disjuncta females constructed their brood cells without leaving any basal space using resin as well as other materials in different combinations. In M. umbripennis, we recognized two distinct types of nests. One, similar to those of the two other resin bees usually having cylindrical or tubiform brood cells, and a second having only oval cells scattered all over in the nesting tunnel. The structural details of their nests exhibited several common features but also showed intraspecific and interspecific variations. This study provides new information on nesting details for these bees including their nest structure, brood development and adult emergence pattern for two different generations, which would be valuable in understanding the ecology of the diverse group of Megachile bees.
Populist Discourse beyond the Borders
Authors: Oner Imdat , Shehadeh Lana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Following the 2016 US elections, populism as a political discourse tactic surged worldwide and became critically examined by scholars as result of the anti-establishment rhetoric used throughout the Trump campaign. Yet despite the considerable amount of scholarly attention dedicated to this topic, its international dimension and ability to transcend beyond national borders has been rarely studied. To fill the lacuna in the literature on populism, in this article we examine how populist discourse is construed by leaders in an effort to appeal to an audience beyond their national borders. In doing so we examine the speeches and political rhetoric of Turkey’s president Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Venezuela’s former president Hugo Chavez’s, both of which demonstrate obvious examples of populist narratives. We adopt a qualitative discursive approach to identify salient populist rhetoric in the speeches of both leaders, which ultimately create divisions over identity and politics among citizenry and in many instances create such divides within the international arena.