bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical and marketing perspectives on surrogacy tourism
Authors: Barat Somjit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When an individual is unable or unwilling to become a parent the natural way, he/she can avail of a surrogate mother. Furthermore, when the surrogate pregnancy takes place in a foreign country, the practice is popularly referred to as ‘surrogacy tourism’ or ‘birther tourism’, which is the main topic of this research. In contrast to existing research most of which is confined to the medical angle, here we look at how marketing makes surrogacy tourism more accessible but concomitantly promotes unwanted ethical and marketing practices, even if inadvertently. On one hand, rigorous promotion of surrogacy tourism has successfully spread the word and has made such option available to individuals who would have otherwise been unaware of such opportunity. On the other hand, excessive marketing has resulted in unethical, illegal and in some cases, unhealthy medical practices in which, service providers, clinics and doctors often participate, but on which there appears to be scant research. This analysis, therefore, has two-fold implications: first, the findings can be extended to several other related professions, such as the medical community, administrators, law enforcement agencies and most importantly, potential ‘parents’; secondly, it can aid administrators and regulators tighten extant loopholes in the system, and thereby, provide a more robust and safer option for surrogate tourists.
The Key Administrative Competencies of Managers Required for Company Development in the Bani World
Authors: Nataliia Hrynchak , Olena Motuzka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When describing the state of the modern world, we can name it “marginal”, i.e. the one where there are hardly any orientations, with organizations having to face barriers in the business processes, which makes them constantly revise the strategies, methods or approaches to the achievement of their goal. It was in 2016 that Jamais Cascio, a futurologist and a researcher from the Institute of Future, brought forward a new conception being in perfect conformity with the present-day situation, dominated by the pandemic provoked by COVID-19, political imbalances, resource deficit, climatic disasters and the war that keeps us in tension. The new term that he proposed to use consisted of the abbreviations, i. e. BANI (brittle, anxious, nonlinear, incomprehensible world without a clear structure). Given that the development of organizations in BANI environment requires from managers the ability to use a symbiosis of various administrative competencies, the article defines the essence of various categories of competencies needed by an effective manager of today and analyses specific ways of their fostering in BANI environment. Three groups of competencies required for an effective manager were outlined. The analysis of conditions in which the Ukrainian business had to operate in the first year of the Russian-Ukrainian war, when businessmen and managers had to take administrative decisions concerned with the fate of their organizations and employees in the situation of survival, to exert extreme effort due to the simultaneous change in many business aspects and the impracticability of any kind of projection, with lack of mental and emotional support, allowed for categorizing the Ukrainian business environment in time of the war as BANI environment. Many companies had to close, but many of them could transfer their facilities and adapt to the present-day realities, change the vector of management and even introduce on new markets in spite that the Ukrainian economy had reduced by one third. This could be possible thanks to skilful actions of managers. The authors’ research allowed for a revision of the key competencies of effective managers in BANI environment with consideration to the Ukrainian realities for doing business. A set of administrative competencies allowing companies for not only keep afloat but to develop new business processes in the realities of war was defined. It is stressed that today Ukrainian managers are urgently in need to develop administrative competencies that help support and expand business, bring the staff together in consolidated and highly professional teams, set up business communications.
Innovative Solutions for Economic Growth: Exploring the Impact of Economic Freedoms on Foreign Direct Investment Attraction
Authors: Štilić Anđelka , Mastilo Andrea , Vuković Krsto , Mastilo Dejan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Economic freedoms are essential for the growth and development of countries, but their distribution varies across nations, resulting in differences in economic growth. This study aims to explore the impact of economic freedoms on economic growth, measured by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, by examining the influence of institutional quality. Economic freedom indicators were obtained from the 2022 report by the Heritage Foundation, and GDP per capita and FDI indicators were sourced from the World Bank report. This study employs multivariate regression analysis to investigate the relationship between economic freedoms and economic growth. The findings suggest that economic freedoms have a positive effect on both GDP per capita growth and FDI inflow. Government integrity was found to be the primary indicator for GDP per capita growth, while Business freedom was identified as the key factor in attracting FDI. The implications of these results are significant, as they can inform policy decisions aimed at improving the standard of living by increasing GDP per capita and creating employment opportunities through FDI.
Does Spiritual Leadership Influence Hotel Employees’ Voluntary Eco-Friendly Behavior? The Role of Harmonious Green Passion and Nature Connectedness
Authors: Sunhaji  , Qohin Abdul , Wihuda Faizal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose: The current paper investigates the role of spiritual leadership in increasing employees’ voluntary eco-friendly behavior. This research emphasizes the value of a harmonious green passion (HGP) and connectedness to nature (CTN) as a mediating factor between a spiritual leader (SL) and an employee’s voluntary eco-friendly behavior (VEB).

Design/Methodology: The data was provided by a sample of 273 participants who worked as hotel employees in Yogyakarta’s four and five-star hotels. SPSS and AMOS 25 were used as statistical programs to analyze the data.

Findings: Based on the discovery, the study presents strong theoretical and managerial implications that hospitality institutions can use to evaluate the importance of spiritual leaders on employees’ eco-friendly behavior among employees. We also discovered that indirect associations between spiritual leadership and employee voluntary eco-friendly behavior exist via connectedness to nature and harmonious green passion.

Practical Implication: By shedding further light on how and when a spiritual leader influences employees’ voluntary eco-friendly behavioral intention in hotels, this research added to the body of knowledge on the hospitality industry in South East Asia.

Originality: The study offers novelty by emphasizing the function of connectedness to nature and harmonious green passion in the relationship between spiritual leadership and employees’ eco-friendly behavior.
КУЛЬТУРА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВОЇ МОВИ ЯК НАУКОВА ПРОБЛЕМА
Authors: Дем’ян Ярослава 
Published: May 2023

Стаття присвячена проблемі культури української наукової мови. З’ясовано ґенезу наукового стилю української наукової мови, виокремлено ключові етапи розвитку культури наукової мови, проаналізовано основні здобутки українських мовознавців, які репрезентують кожен із періодів: добу зародження та становлення науки про культуру мови (1960–1980-ті рр.), активного розвитку культури української наукової мови (1990-ті рр. – початок ХХІ ст.); новітній період, який характеризують розвиток еколінгвістичних студій, стилістики української наукової мови тощо. Окреслено основні аспекти дослідження української наукової мови на сучасному етапі розвитку.
КЛАСНА КІМНАТА В СТРУКТУРІ ОСВІТНЬОГО, РОЗВИВАЛЬНОГО Й ВИХОВНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ УПТ “РІДНА ШКОЛА” (1881–1944)
Authors: Білавич Галина , Довбенко Світлана 
Published: May 2023

Проаналізовано освітній простір як складну багатомірну педагогічну реальність. Виокремлено продуктивний освітній досвід, напрацювання педагогів, науковців, які належали до УПТ “Рідна школа”, що діяло в Західній Україні наприкінці ХІХ – на початку 40-х рр. ХХ ст., проаналізовано практику проєктування й організації шкіл, облаштування освітнього простору класних кімнат, архітектурних проєктів українських та європейських архітекторів, педагогічно-ергономічні вимоги до освітнього простору. Схарактеризовано модель навчання поза стінами класної кімнати.
FOLICULITE: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Silva Tonini Gabriela , De Oliveira Faria Juliana , Oliveira Laira Damasceno 
Published: May 2023

A foliculite é uma inflamação aguda muito conhecida que afeta diversas pessoas e tem maior incidência em jovens e adolescentes, causando desconfortos físicos e estéticos. Na maioria dos casos, provém da infecção bacteriana por Staphylococcus aureus, presente na pele e outras áreas do corpo, podendo causar foliculite superficial ou profunda. Outras causas podem ser por vírus, fungos, ou até mesmo por uma inflamação de pelos encravados. Se reconhece a foliculite por seus sintomas comuns como prurido, rubor, dor, pápulas vermelhas com ou sem pus e hiperemia folicular. Seu diagnóstico é realizado por meio do histórico clínico e exame físico do paciente, porém, podem ser solicitadas análises laboratoriais para confirmação do agente agressor no caso de persistência ou agravamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar e analisar esta patologia a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico, evidenciando o que é, seus sinais e sintomas, causas, fatores de risco, alterações patológicas, tipos, diagnóstico, prevenção e possíveis tratamentos para essa inflamação. Obteve-se como principais resultados as recomendações de prevenção que podem evitar o aparecimento de tal inflamação, e as rotinas de higienização que impedem a extensão da foliculite para outras regiões. O tratamento em sua maioria é superficial, como a drenagem do pus, utilização de antibióticos tópicos e higienização é suficiente para o devido progresso. Concluiu-se, por meios de pesquisas, que a foliculite é uma patologia que, apesar de não ter uma cura, possui tratamentos para amenizar seus sintomas e melhorar as condições de vida das pessoas acometidas por ela.
IVERMECTINA: DESAFIOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE TABLETES MASTIGÁVEIS PARA TRATAMENTO DE ZOONOSES PARASITÁRIAS EM ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS
Authors: Pereira Júlio César , Figueiredo Lucas Roberto , Tescarollo Iara Lúcia 
Published: May 2023

A ivermectina é um fármaco da classe dos anti-helmínticos e antiparasitários de amplo espectro sobre diferentes parasitas. Em animais domésticos, como cães e gatos, é empregada no tratamento de endoparasitas e ectoparasitas. Diferentes apresentações de uso veterinário, estão disponíveis sendo mais usadas as formas farmacêuticas para administração oral. Os tabletes mastigáveis são classificados como medicamento sólido preparado a partir de uma massa produzida em tableteiros. As características físico-químicas do fármaco impõe desafios farmacotécnicos na produção magistral de medicamentos veterinários. O objetivo do presente estudo envolveu o delineamento farmacotécnico e o controle de qualidade físico-químico de tabletes mastigáveis de ivermectina, na prevenção de parasitoses em animais. Os resultados demonstraram que foi possível produzir os tabletes mastigáveis, bem como, estabelecer a qualidade dos mesmos, abrindo novas possibilidades na manipulação magistral de produtos veterinários.
Retrospective study of the pattern of eye disorders among patients in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara
Authors: Ejiro Ohwin Peggy , Gloria Abadom Ebele , Chukwuebuka Nwogueze Bartholomew , Shalom Nwabuoku Udoka , Edafe Emurotu , Gift Beteren Iroro 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Ocular disease is an important public health issue and constitutes one of the commonest problems presenting in general primary healthcare in Nigeria. The present study examined the prevalence of eye disorders among patients attending Delta State University Teaching Hospital Oghara Delta State, Nigeria.

Material and Methods:
A descriptive study was adopted as the research design in sampling 2,003 cases in the hospital records within one (1) year using a simple random sampling technique.

Results:
Data obtained from the study revealed that 1033 (52%) of the cases reviewed were males, while 970 (48%) were females. The cases that were between the ages of 60–69 years were 395 (19.7%) out of which 216 (8.9%) were males and the remaining 179 (8.9%) cases were females. Majority of the cases reviewed were married with a frequency of 1,399 (69.9%). The occupational distribution of patients revealed that the highest ocular disease was found among civil servants with a total of 480 (24%) cases. Results of the study equally revealed that eye disorders related to the crystalline lens were the most prevalent eye diseases accounting for 620 (31%) out of the total sampled cases with cataract being the most prevalent (455, 22.7%) in this group. Conjunctiva eye disorders accounted for 320 (16%), followed by refractive errors 292 (14.6%), and retina diseases 262 (13.1%). Glaucomatous eye diseases were the fifth most detected with a total of 230 (11.5%). More so, the prevalence of optic nerve and visual pathway diseases was 86 (4.3%) out of the recorded cases while Patients with Eyelids disease had the lowest detected eye diseases with a total of 59 (3%), whereas, eye diseases of the Cornea seen was low 132 (6.6%).

Conclusion:
Eye conditions such as cataracts, conjunctivitis, refractive errors, glaucoma, cornea disorders, optic nerve, and visual pathway diseases, and eyelid disorders such as chalazion, blepharitis, and lipoma were identified to have a leading rate of a pattern of distribution with chances of complications. Hence, it is recommended that there is an urgent need for follow-up of patients of eye disorders with proper education on eye management to improve awareness of the pattern of eye disorder that could be associated with burden of visual impairment and blindness.
Evaluation of awareness and knowledge about medication-related osteonecrosis of jaws among interns and postgraduates: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khangar Nidhi Jayant , khandaitkar Sandeep , Shenoi Ramakrishna 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Osteonecrosis is a common terminology used nowadays associated with severe trauma. Osteonecrosis also known as avascular necrosis occurs due to diminished blood supply, depriving bone tissue of essential nutrients, and oxygen leading to death of bone cells in a circumscribed region. Medication-related osteonecrosis of jaws (MRONJs) are a recent concept and correspond to necrosis of bones particularly jaw bones due to use of certain medications without any prior exposure to radiation. Several medications tend to alter the bone remodeling process, affecting the diseased bone resorption, and leading to poor oral health maintenance. Adequate documentation and awareness about this condition can help to prevent the condition. This study aims to evaluate the existing knowledge that prevails about pathogenesis, staging, and treatment modalities currently available about the condition among interns and postgraduates.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among interns and postgraduates of VSPM’s Dental College and Research Center. General characteristics, knowledge about medications responsible, pathogenesis, risk factors, staging, treatment protocols, and drug holiday were recorded that the responses were compiled and statistically analyzed.

Results:
A total of 125 participants participated in the survey. About 72.8% of participants had heard about this condition earlier, whereas 8.8% were unaware of this terminology. About 27.2% people had no idea about the drug holiday concept. Furthermore, significant difference existed between designation and responses.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that a significant difference exists between awareness about MRONJ among interns and postgraduates. Postgraduate students currently pursuing their degree were more aware and had significant knowledge about the clinical entity and more inclined toward further upgrading their knowledge about the same rather than interns.
The Position and Actions of the People’s Republic of China Regarding the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: Габро Ірина , Шевчук Олександр 
Published: May 2023

The article reveals the position and actions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) regarding the Russian-Ukrainian war after February 24, 2022. The main leitmotifs of the PRC leadership’s statements on the international arena also look dualistic. On the one hand, the leader of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping, attests to the need to stop the war as soon as possible; together with French President F. Macron calls to respect the territorial integrity of Ukraine and resolve the conflict through negotiations. But on the other hand, Beijing votes in favor of Russia in the UN, and Chinese state media supports Moscow’s position.
Currently, the Russian-Ukrainian war, which is a global geopolitical conflict, is viewed by China as a “window of opportunity”. Beijing longs to create its own economic macro-region in East Asia, while competing for global leadership with the United States, whose focus is currently more concentrated on the security of Europe as a whole in the context of Russian aggression against Ukraine.
Russia’s aggression against Ukraine caused the general spectrum of the “Taiwan problem” to play with new “colors”. The next aggravation of relations between the US and the PRC regarding the “Taiwan issue” took place in the spring of 2022. However, an open armed confrontation between the US and the PRC regarding the resolution of the “Taiwan issue” currently seems unlikely, and sharp political statements by the leaders of both the PRC and the US is an illustration to both the citizens of their countries and to their allies that they have the situation under control and are ready to use any means necessary to achieve their long-term national interests.
Suffering losses nowadays as a result of Russia’s war against Ukraine, China is quite logically advocating an end to this armed confrontation, at the same time, this crisis has opened up certain strategic opportunities for the PRC that Beijing can take advantage of in the long term.
Зміни та виклики в системі міжнародної взаємодії в Арктиці через російсько-українську війну
Authors: Атаманенко Алла , Цвєтков Олександр 
Published: May 2023

У статті досліджено вплив російсько-української війни на безпекову ситуацію та зміни в системі міжнародного співробітництва в Арктиці. Автори намагаються встановити можливі наслідки змін у сферах колективного реагування та управління регіональними міжнаціональними відносинами на основі системного аналізу офіційних документів і матеріалів низки установ і організацій, які визначають особливості міжнародного співробітництва в регіоні, а також наукові публікації з цього питання, зміни, що відбулися у зв’язку з міжнародною реакцією на російську збройну агресію, в тому числі пов’язану з початком повномасштабної війни.
Автори досліджують виклики міжнародній безпеці та припинення співпраці з агресором у регіональних міжнародних організаціях, які виступають платформою для регулювання арктичної політики та форумом відповідних комунікацій. Приділено увагу чиннику санкційної політики, що застосовується до агресора з метою відмежування його від політичного режиму останнього та припинення його військових дій, а також впливу на позицію та можливості Росії в Арктичному регіоні.
У результаті дослідження було зроблено висновок, що російська агресія проти України дестабілізувала систему міжнародних відносин загалом і в Арктичному регіоні зокрема. Призупинення роботи Арктичної ради та інших регіональних організацій було зумовлене етичними та цивілізаційними факторами, пов’язаними з неспровокованою агресивною повномасштабною війною Росії проти України, але поставило питання про необхідність продовження колективного регулювання важливих питань їх компетенції. Видається малоймовірним, що найближчим часом агресор братиме участь у діяльності Арктичної ради та інших організацій. Проте в перспективі зі зміною геополітичних обставин можливе повернення до співпраці восьми країн регіону в рамках спільної організації з метою координації виконання нагальних екологічних, кліматичних, культурних та інших питань.
Students' Teaching Experiences Of Kampus Mengajar Program In Teaching Literacy and Numeracy At Elementary Schools In Cirebon
Authors: Meliyana Atika , Sugesti Ikariya 
Published: May 2023

Nadiem Makarim founded the kampus mengajar program in 2021, which entails students from various study programs going straight to schools in 3T location. This study aimed to explore students experiences through kampus mengajar program in conducting teaching literacy and numeracy in the 2021–2022 academic year. Five students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon participated in this qualitative research study using a narrative inquiry design as its methodology. The narrative frame and interview findings were utilized as the source of the data in this study to examine how students experienced teaching literacy and numeracy while actively participating in the kampus mengajar program as well as the difficulties they encountered. The stages of this narrative research included identifying the phenomena to be studied, deciding participants who would allow researcher to study the phenomena, gathering information (experiences) from participants, retelling information (experiences) from participants, and writing narratives based on information (experiences) from participants. The results revealed that teachers at the target schools greatly benefited from the Kampus Mengajar program's implementation. Nevertheless, aside from that students faced the challenges in teaching literacy and numeracy. The lack of student motivation, the amount of students who still struggle with reading and counting, the lack of learning materials that assist literacy and numeracy, and the restricted use of technology by teachers are a few of the factors.
Exploring and Reflecting on Problems and Challenges in Teaching Culture for English Young Learners
Authors: Talenta Pratama Irwin , Angie Pavita Maria Dimitrij , Amrullah Yozar Firdaus 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to reflect on the problems and challenges in teaching culture to English Young Learners (EYL) primarily related to the English context. The study focused on two objectives; to find out problems and challenges faced by the teacher in teaching culture for EYL, as well as the effective methods used to teach culture for EYL. Recently, many more pre-schools in Indonesia have offered English as a major in the learning process. For example, KB TK Hj Isriati Baiturrahman 2 made English as a central subject in daily life. Ideally, the teachers are required to know English culture besides the teaching itself. However, they found some problems in teaching culture when they asked the students to practice “how to say, go to the toilet in English”; it made students’ perspectives in their home opposites. This study tried to investigate this issue from the teachers’ problems. The interviews and classroom observations data showed that the cultural aspects of language were still not good. The possible strategies also showed a solution to face the problems. Thus, teaching English in Indonesia should consider the culture because to communicate functionally using the language and the students have to be familiar with the culture.