bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum intervention dentistry for the management of caries in older adults: a review of the literature
Authors: Politi Ioanna , Waldron Catherine , Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin 
Published: February 2023

##Statement of the problem The population is ageing and the proportion of older adults retaining their natural teeth is increasing. This means that there are increasing numbers of older adults at risk of and from dental caries for longer. This challenges traditional concepts of care delivery for older adults. With advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of dental caries, there is increasing evidence to support a shift from traditional mechanical ’drill and fill’ techniques to the management of dental caries biologically as a complex ecological process. Minimum intervention dentistry (MID) has become an increasingly mainstream model of caries management, which minimises the need for treatment that destroys dental tissues. In contrast to traditional management of caries, MID focuses on prevention and risk reduction, while surgical intervention is limited to cases where it is absolutely necessary. This paper reviews the evidence to support adoption of MID, particularly for older adults in Ireland. ##Purpose of the study To review the evidence regarding aspects of MID for caries management among older adults. ##Materials and methods A structured search strategy was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library, with additional searching of reference lists. A total of 25 articles were deemed relevant to this literature review. The data was extracted and tabulated. The outcomes and quality of the studies were reported narratively. Weaknesses and clinical implications are discussed. ##Conclusions MID can be recommended for older adults. This review supports the use of topical fluorides in varnish, rinses and high-fluoride toothpaste to prevent dental caries in older adults, and the restoration of caries adopting the atraumatic restorative technique (ART). There was insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of oral health education. No studies were identified looking at the effectiveness of caries removal techniques, the resin infiltration technique, or the repair rather than replacement of restorations for older patients.
Hypomineralised second primary molars may be indicative of future molar incisor hypomineralisation
Authors: Leith Rona 
Published: February 2023

##Background The term hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) describes a prevalent qualitative developmental defect of enamel. Children with HSPM are at a high risk of caries, and are reportedly five times more likely to develop molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). ##Aetiology There is an overlap in the development of the second primary molar and the first permanent molar. It is likely that MIH and HSPM have some shared aetiological factors, but in the case of HSPM the insult likely occurred earlier. ##Diagnosis HSPM can be identified as soon as the second primary molar erupts. It has a distinct clinical presentation and many clinical similarities with MIH. HSPM should be differentiated from typical early childhood caries. ##Conclusion Early dental visits for all children would allow early diagnosis of HSPM, which is essential to prevent future problems. Dental teams who work with children should be familiar with the signs of HSPM and use high caries risk preventive strategies, as well as increased vigilance during eruption of the first permanent molars.
Interobserver Agreement Across Subspecialties for Diagnosis of Differentiated Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Predictive Values of 20 Histologic Features
Authors: Schechter Shula A. , Chan May P. , Muthusamy Selvaraj , Skala Stephanie L. , Wang Grace Y. 
Published: February 2023

Context.—
Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN) is a human papillomavirus–independent lesion with the potential for rapid progression to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The histopathologic features of dVIN are diverse, have overlapping characteristics with lichen sclerosus (LS) and lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), and may be diagnosed by dermatopathologists or gynecologic pathologists because of the vulva’s anatomic location.

Objectives.—
To identify the salient histopathologic features of dVIN, particularly those that predict progression to SCC, and to evaluate interobserver agreement in diagnosing dVIN within the same subspecialty and across subspecialties.

Design.—
One general surgical pathologist, 2 pathology-trained dermatopathologists, and 1 gynecologic pathologist blinded to the final diagnoses were asked to record 20 histopathologic features and to provide their final interpretations on cases of dVIN (n = 65), LS (n = 126), LSC (n = 112), and LS with LSC (n = 6).

Results.—
Interobserver agreement for the 4 diagnoses and 10 histopathologic features was moderate. Logistic regression analysis indicated that keratin pearls, basal pleomorphism, and basal layer disarray were independent variables for diagnosing dVIN (coefficients 1.95, 1.97, and 0.91, respectively; P &lt; .001) and progression to SCC (coefficients 1.96, 1.20, and 1.08, respectively; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions.—
There is no single histopathologic feature pathognomonic for dVIN; however, the presence of keratin pearls, basal pleomorphism, and basal layer disarray should raise high suspicion for dVIN and concurrent SCC. Expertise in both dermatologic and gynecologic pathology is beneficial for diagnosing dVIN.
O PAPEL DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO
Authors: Neta Estefânia De Sousa Mesquita , Santos Glauce Barros 
Published: February 2023

O Serviço Social desde do início da sua entrada no sistema prisional se regulou na promoção de medidas que buscassem garantir a reintegração e a ressocialização social, sendo uma das primeiras profissões a adentrar o sistema penitenciário, efetivando assim o seu fazer profissional neste território, compreendendo que o assistente social atua como um mediador dos conflitos, trabalhando para efetivação dos direitos das minorias. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar sobre o papel do assistente social no sistema penitenciário. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, utilizando-se da técnica bibliográfica. O Assistente Social no sistema prisional assegura os direitos ao apenado tendo como posicionamento a equidade e justiça social, construindo práticas humanas ao tratamento dos presos, viabilizando a concretização da defesa dos direitos humanos, sendo que a presença deste profissional na prisão, contribui no sentido de ressocializar o preso em seu convívio social, como também busca garantir e assegurar os direitos que ora são violados ou ocultos, dificultando assim a ressocialização dos indivíduos na sociedade.
Análise das técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória em crianças com bronquiolitis aguda: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Fontes Livio Adriano Xavier , Ferreira Raíssa Borges 
Published: February 2023

No Brasil, as doenças respiratórias são responsáveis por aproximadamente 10% das mortes entre os menores de um ano, a segunda causa de óbito na população de zero a um ano de idade e a primeira causa entre as crianças de zero a quatro anos. (FERREIRA, 2011) A fisioterapia respiratória é um tratamento adjunto nessas doenças, agindo no aumento da depuração mucociliar, na desobstrução das vias aéreas e na facilitação da ventilação e da troca gasosa (BALACHANDRAN, 2005). Nos quadros respiratórios agudos que acometem lactentes, a bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA) é a doença de maior relevância clínica, em virtude da morbidade elevada. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência da fisioterapia respiratória em crianças com Bronquiolite viral aguda, abordadas na literatura produzidas entre 2005 a 2015. Metodologia: O estudo realizado foi identificado através de pesquisas online de bases de dados eletrônicas e pesquisa sistemática da bibliografia nos estudos obtidos, cujas principais fontes foram às bases de dados Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, PubMed e Bireme no período de 2005 – 2015. Se incluíram crianças de 0 à 2 anos de idade com diagnóstico de BvA avaliadas em qualquer contexto.Resultados e Discussão: Foram encontrados 91 artigos detectados na procura através dos descritores às bases de dados. Desses, 22 artigos foram revisados. Foram observadas que a aplicação diária de técnicas fisioterapêuticas obteve uma redução mais rápida de sintomas respiratórios e clínicos, como diminuição da febre e dispneia, aumento do apetite, melhora da ausculta pulmonar e da tosse, além de respostas satisfatórias sobre os efeitos da fisioterapia na maioria dos itens avaliados pelos responsáveis. Todos os pacientes apresentaram tiveram melhora da respiração após a intervenção fisioterapêutica (POSTIAUX, 2006). Então com base nos estudos analisados, a eficácia da fisioterapia respiratória e das manobras de higiene brônquica se dá de forma positiva, tanto na reversão dos quadros de alta produção de muco, melhora das trocas gasosas, ventilação, mobilização das secreções, assistência na remoção delas, visando as contraindicações de cada manobra.
Temperature‐Dependent Reversal of Phase Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Wright Adam D. , Patel Jay. B. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of light‐induced halide segregation in mixed‐halide perovskites is essential for their application in multijunction solar cells. Here, photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to uncover how both increases in temperature and light intensity can counteract the halide segregation process. It is observed that, with increasing temperature, halide segregation in CH3NH3Pb(Br0.4I0.6)3 first accelerates toward ≈290 K, before slowing down again toward higher temperatures. Such reversal is attributed to the trade‐off between the temperature activation of segregation, for example through enhanced ionic migration, and its inhibition by entropic factors. High light intensities meanwhile can also reverse halide segregation; however, this is found to be only a transient process that abates on the time scale of minutes. Overall, these observations pave the way for a more complete model of halide segregation and aid the development of highly efficient and stable perovskite multijunction and concentrator photovoltaics.
Antithrombotic and Flow Drag‐Reducing Material for Blood‐Contacting Medical Devices
Authors: Tan Justin Kok Soon , Chen Elaine Shi An , Dong Yibing , Fang Hui , Koh Cho Yeow , Kini R. Manjunatha , Kim Sangho , Leo Hwa Liang , Yap Choon Hwai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlood‐contacting medical devices are often associated with shear‐induced and contact activation thrombosis. Superhydrophobic materials have shown promise to reduce flow drag forces, but not contact activation. Here, a strategy of selectively grafting a potent anti‐thrombin compound on the tips of the surface microstructures of a superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene foam, is presented, to concurrently achieve drag reduction and anti‐thrombosis. This work shows that two grafting approaches – Argon plasma or piranha solution treatment – followed by covalent cross‐linking can successfully graft the drug to the outer tips of the foam and provide anti‐thrombotic functionality. By avoiding grafting to the inner regions of the foam, the surface's drag reduction properties can be retained. The functional durability of the grafted surfaces is evaluated by strong water jetting, which demonstrates that the plasma approach can withstand substantial fluid shearing but not the piranha approach, although the plasma approach involves stronger compromise to the drag reduction capabilities. As the proposed selective grafting strategy is applied to a bulk foam, it can be complemented with a previously proposed strategy of supplying air pressure to the foam pores to bolster resistance to fluid impalement and plastron dissolution, allowing the material to be used in medical devices with high fluid pressures.
Collaboration between Australian peak bodies and governments in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic: New ways of interacting
Authors: Foote Wendy L. , Conley Wright Amy , Mason Jennifer , McEwan Tracy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeak bodies (“peaks”) are funded by Australian governments to fulfil a multifaceted role, including presenting a collective voice to government on behalf of their nongovernmental service provider members and the vulnerable client populations they serve. However, the relationship between peaks and governments has been fraught, with governments imposing contractual conditions in exchange for funding, thereby constraining advocacy. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the nongovernmental sector provided vital services, including care and support for children and families, and dispensed emergency funding through their service networks. This research investigates engagement between peak bodies and governments during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020–2021. Nineteen CEOs and senior executives were interviewed from 16 peak bodies. Additionally, 27 surveys were completed by peak and nongovernmental sector representatives. Interview transcripts were coded using NVivo and thematically analysed. Four types of interactions between government and peak bodies were identified: collective leadership; partnership; advocacy to influence; and advocacy designed for public pressure. These four types of interactions formed a public advocacy continuum. In some Australian jurisdictions, the study showed that collective and partnership mechanisms between peaks and government were strengthened or revived, yet sustained work will be needed to entrench these positive developments in a postcrisis environment.
Aggressive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma manifested by splenic rupture progressed 2 months after transverse myelitis: an autopsy case report
Authors: Mori Shusuke , Ai Tomohiko , Taguchi Towako , Negi Mariko , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundSplenic rupture by diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which usually progresses insidiously, is extremely rare.Case PresentationA 60‐year‐old man presented with paralysis in his lower left extremity. A magnetic resonance imaging suggested transverse myelitis. No lymphadenopathy or organomegaly was noted. Two months after remission, he was referred to the emergency department complaining of presyncope. He was in preshock due to splenic rupture, and underwent laparotomy after attempts of transcatheter arterial embolization. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and disseminated enlarged lymph nodes were observed. Histological examinations of the resected spleen showed DLBCL. He died of multiple organ failure associated with intractable bleeding. His autopsy revealed diffuse systemic invasions of lymphoma cells except for the brain and spinal cord. Microscopically, the spinal cord showed macular incomplete necrosis and histiocytic infiltration, suggestive of hemophagocytic syndrome.ConclusionThe progression of DLBCL in our case is drastically rapid. Undiagnosed transverse myelitis preceded the onset.
Tough and anti‐swelling γ‐polyglutamic acid/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for wearable sensors
Authors: Zheng Deyang , Zhang Chenyang , Chen Ziwei , Zhu Peizhi , Gao Chunxia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydrogels are widely used in biomedicine, wearable electronics and other fields due to their flexibility and high water content. However, hydrogels prepared by traditional methods generally suffer from swelling in humid environments, which greatly limits their development. This is because most hydrogels are prepared in a non‐swollen equilibrium state. This work introduces a method based on directional crystallization to adjust the mechanical and anti‐swelling properties of γ‐polyglutamic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (γ‐PGA/PVA) hydrogels. The results show that the directional crystallization method can effectively improve the anti‐swelling performance of the hydrogel. After the directional crystallization process for three times, the γ‐PGA/PVA hydrogel can remain stable in HCl‐Tris solution up to 2 months, indicating its good anti‐swelling properties. The morphology, structure and molecular composition of γ‐PGA/PVA hydrogels were systematically studied, and their anti‐swelling mechanism was also investigated. In addition, the γ‐PGA/PVA hydrogel exhibits good response to human motion, opening up new avenues in the field of wearable sensors.
Microwave dielectric heating affects the in‐situ polymerization process of Nylon‐6/Ag‐NPs hybrid polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Mendoza Tolentino Yucundo , Romero‐Zúñiga Gabriela Yolotzín , Ceniceros Reyes Mónica Aimeé , Flores Silva Pamela Celeste , Vargas Ramírez Ángel , Yáñez‐Macías Roberto , Hernández Hernández Ernesto , González Morones Pablo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, the microwave synthesis of Nylon‐6 hybrid polymeric nanocomposite (HPNC) was studied by the polymerization of ε‐caprolactam, 6‐aminocaproic acid, and 2% wt of silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs). It was determined that the dielectric heating (DH) of the Ag‐NPs controls the thermal behavior of the HPNCs synthesis and triggers the chemical reaction between Ag‐NPs and the Nylon‐6 molecules. Such reaction promotes their coating with the polymer and their precipitation, which affects the agitation of the reaction mixture, and results in broader molecular weight distribution and three HPNC populations. Usually, the power output effect in these processes is thermal as it accelerates their heating rate. Still, for HPNCs, higher output reduces the agglomerate size of the Ag‐NPs and accelerates their precipitation. At power up to 600 W, the DH of the Ag‐NPs causes the explosion of the reaction vials. The antimicrobial activity of the HPNCs against P. aeruginosa is almost 100% effective at 180 min of exposure; therefore, this microwave synthesis process is suitable for producing antimicrobial HPNCs.
A novel fixed‐time fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control
Authors: Zhao Jing , Lin Zhichang , Xiao Min , Gao Zhifeng , Ding Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to reduce the convergence time of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) and improve the robustness of system, a fixed‐time fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (FTFONTSMC) strategy is designed to realize the rapidity and accuracy of PMLSM position tracking response. Firstly, an improved fixed‐time terminal sliding mode (FTTSM) reaching law is proposed to reduce the time of convergence. Secondly, due to the uncertainty of the disturbance in PMLSM system, an exponential convergent disturbance observer (DO) is designed to observe the disturbance. Further, finite time stability of the control system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the above control algorithm is applied to PMLSM, and the proposed control method's effectiveness and superiority are validated by comparing with existing control methods.
Radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and cryoablation‐induced abscopal effect: Challenges and future prospects
Authors: Ali Mohammad Sadik , Hak Arshadul , Pogu Sunil V. , Rengan Aravind K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLocal therapy modalities such as radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and cryoablation have been used to treat localized tumors for decades. The discovery of the abscopal effect causes a paradigm shift where local therapy also causes systemic effects and leads to the remission of nonirradiated tumors. The abscopal effect of radiation therapy, alone or in combination with other treatments, has been extensively studied over the last six decades. However, the results are unsatisfactory in producing robust, reproducible, and long‐lasting systemic effects. Although immunotherapy and radiation therapy are promising in producing the abscopal effect, the abscopal effect's mechanism is still unclear, owing to various factors such as irradiation type and dose and cancer type. This article reviews the research progress, clinical and preclinical evidence of the abscopal effect by various local therapies alone and in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, case reports, and the current challenges in producing the abscopal effect by various local therapies, focusing on radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, cryoablation, and the prospects for obtaining a robust, reproducible, and long‐lasting abscopal effect.
Trends in gastric cancer mortality 1990–2019 in 36 countries worldwide, with predictions to 2025, and incidence, overall and by subtype
Authors: Collatuzzo Giulia , Santucci Claudia , Malvezzi Matteo , La Vecchia Carlo , Boffetta Paolo , Negri Eva 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer (GC) incidence is declining heterogeneously worldwide. We aimed to calculate updated mortality trends for GC.MethodsWe investigated time trends for selected countries using the World Health Organization database. We computed age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 persons over the 1990–2019 period. We reported rates for the 2010–2014 and 2015–19 calendar periods, and the corresponding percent changes. We used joinpoint regression analysis to identify changes in the slope of mortality trends, and predict the number of deaths and rates for 2025. We also reported 2008–2012 incidence rates of cardia and noncardia GC.ResultsMortality trends from GC have been favorable since 1990 for all countries analyzed and the European Union (EU 27), in both sexes and all ages. GC mortality is predicted to decline in all countries for both sexes, except for French and US women aged 35–64 years, and Canadian men aged 35–64. The highest proportions of cardia GC were observed in Northern and Central Europe while the lowest ones in Southern and Eastern Europe. Elsewhere, the highest proportions were registered in countries with low incidence and mortality rates, whereas high‐mortality countries showed lower proportions of cardia GC.ConclusionObserved and predicted GC mortality trends declined in most countries in both sexes, with few exceptions, likely due to the control of GC risk factors, in particular Hp infection.
Carbon‐concentrating mechanisms are a key trait in lichen ecology and distribution
Authors: Koch Natália M. , Lendemer James C. , Manzitto‐Tripp Erin A. , McCain Christy , Stanton Daniel E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCarbon‐concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) are a widespread phenomenon in photosynthetic organisms. In vascular plants, the evolution of CCMs ([C44‐carbon compound] and crassulacean acid metabolism [CAM]) is associated with significant shifts, most often to hot, dry and bright, or aquatic environments. If and how CCMs drive distributions of other terrestrial photosynthetic organisms, remains little studied. Lichens are ecologically important obligate symbioses between fungi and photosynthetic organisms. The primary photosynthetic partner in these symbioses can include CCM‐presenting cyanobacteria (as carboxysomes), CCM‐presenting green algae (as pyrenoids) or green algae lacking any CCM. We use an extensive dataset of lichen communities from eastern North America, spanning a wide climatic range, to test the importance of CCMs as predictors of lichen ecology and distribution. We show that the presence or absence of CCMs leads to opposite responses to temperature and precipitation in green algal lichens, and different responses in cyanobacterial lichens. These responses contrast with our understanding of lichen physiology, whereby CCMs mitigate carbon limitation by water saturation at the cost of efficient use of vapor hydration. This study demonstrates that CCM status is a key functional trait in obligate lichen symbioses, equivalent in importance to its role in vascular plants, and central for studying present and future climate responses.