bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Is a Novel Faecal Biomarker for Monitoring Disease Activity and Therapeutic Response in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Jójárt Boldizsár , Resál Tamás , Kata Diána , Molnár Tünde , Bacsur Péter , Szabó Viktória , Varga Árpád , Szántó Kata Judit , Pallagi Petra , Földesi Imre , Molnár Tamás , Maléth József , Farkas Klaudia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC] require lifelong treatment and patient monitoring. Current biomarkers have several limitations; therefore, there is an unmet need to identify novel biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previously, the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [PAI-1] was established in the pathogenesis of IBD and suggested as a potential biomarker. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively analyse the selectivity of PAI-1 in IBD, its correlation with disease activity, and its potential to predict therapeutic response.

Methods
Blood, colon biopsy, organoid cultures [OC], and faecal samples were used from active and inactive IBD patients and control subjects. Serpin E1 gene expressions and PAI-1 protein levels and localisation in serum, biopsy, and faecal samples were evaluated by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and immunostaining, respectively.

Results
The study population comprised 132 IBD patients [56 CD and 76 UC] and 40 non-IBD patients. We demonstrated that the serum, mucosal, and faecal PAI-1 concentrations are elevated in IBD patients, showing clinical and endoscopic activity. In responders [decrease of eMayo ≥3 in UC; or SES-CD  50% in CD], the initial PAI-1 level decreased significantly upon successful therapy. OCs derived from active IBD patients produced higher concentrations of PAI-1 than the controls, suggesting that epithelial cells could be a source of PAI-1. Moreover, faecal PAI-1 selectively increases in active IBD but not in other organic gastrointestinal diseases.

Conclusions
The serum, mucosal, and faecal PAI-1 concentration correlates with disease activity and therapeutic response in IBD, suggesting that PAI-1 could be used as a novel, non-invasive, disease-specific, faecal biomarker in patient follow-up.
Safety and success of transvenous lead extraction using excimer laser sheaths: a meta-analysis of over 1700 patients
Authors: Rinaldi Christopher Aldo , Diemberger Igor , Biffi Mauro , Gao Yu-Rong , Sizto Enoch , Jin Nancy , Epstein Laurence M , Defaye Pascal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
While numerous studies have demonstrated favourable safety and efficacy of the excimer laser sheath for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in smaller cohorts, comprehensive large-scale investigations with contemporary data remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the safety and performance of laser-assisted TLE through a meta-analysis of contemporary data.

Methods and results
A systematic literature search was conducted to identify articles that assessed the safety and performance of the spectranetics laser sheath (SLS) II and GlideLight Excimer laser sheaths in TLE procedures between 1 April 2016 and 31 March 2021. Safety outcomes included procedure-related death and major/minor complications. Performance outcomes included procedural and clinical success rates. A random-effects, inverse-variance-weighting meta-analysis was performed to obtain the weighted average of the evaluated outcomes. In total, 17 articles were identified and evaluated, including 1729 patients with 2887 leads. Each patient, on average, had 2.3 ± 0.3 leads with a dwell time of 7.9 ± 3.0 years. The TLE procedural successes rate was 96.8% [1440/1505; 95% CI: (94.9–98.2%)] per patient and 96.3% [1447/1501; 95% CI: (94.8–97.4%)] per lead, and the clinical success rate per patient was 98.3% [989/1010, 95% CI: (97.4–99.0%)]. The procedure-related death rate was 0.08% [7/1729, 95% CI: (0.00%, 0.34%)], with major and minor complication rates of 1.9% [41/1729; 95% CI: (1.2–2.8%)] and 1.9% [58/1729; 95% CI: (0.8–3.6%)], respectively.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrated that excimer laser sheath-assisted TLE has high success and low procedural mortality rates. It provides clinicians with a reliable and valuable resource for extracting indwelling cardiac leads which require advanced extraction techniques.
‘Virtually daily grief’—understanding distress in health practitioners involved in a regulatory complaints process: a qualitative study in Australia
Authors: Biggar Susan , van der Gaag Anna , Maher Pat , Evans Jacinta , Bondu Lakshmi , Kar Ray Manaan , Phillips Rachel , Tonkin Anne , Schofield Catherine , Ayscough Kym , Hardy Matthew , Anderson Sarah , Saar Eva , Fletcher Martin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Protection of the public is the paramount aim for health practitioner regulation, yet there has been growing concern globally on the association between regulatory complaints processes and practitioner mental health and wellbeing. The objective was to understand the experience, particularly distress, of health practitioners involved in a regulatory complaints process to identify potential strategies to minimise future risk of distress. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with health practitioners in Australia who had recently been through a regulatory complaints process, together with a retrospective analysis of documentation relating to all identified cases of self-harm or suicide of health practitioners who were involved in such a process over 4 years. Data from interviews and the serious incident analysis found there were elements of the regulatory complaints process contributing to practitioner distress. These included poor communication, extended time to close the investigation, and the management of health-related concerns. The study found external personal circumstances and pre-existing conditions could put the practitioner at greater risk of distress. There were found to be key moments in the process—triggers—where the practitioner was at particular risk of severe distress. Strong support networks, both personal and professional, were found to be protective against distress. Through process improvements and, where appropriate, additional support for practitioners, we hope to further minimise the risk of practitioner distress and harm when involved in a regulatory complaints process. The findings also point to the need for improved partnerships between regulators and key stakeholders, such as legal defence organisations, indemnity providers, employers, and those with lived experience of complaints processes. Together they can improve the support for practitioners facing a complaint and address the stigma, shame, and fear associated with regulatory complaints processes. This project provides further evidence that a more compassionate approach to regulation has the potential to be better for all parties and, ultimately, the wider healthcare system.
Beyond Collateral Damage: The Politics of Civilian Victimization in a Civil War
Authors: Besaw Clayton , Ritter Kellan , Tezcür Güneş Murat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnder what conditions do states pursue counterinsurgency measures with little disregard for civilian life? This article argues that the states have an incentive to engage in group-selective violence involving disproportionate force when facing a local population sympathetic to an armed insurgent organization. Such a military strategy allows the state to punish the local population while claiming that civilian casualties are an unintended consequence of its counterinsurgency campaign. Using a nuanced measurement of civilian victimization that transcendences the dichotomous distinction between intentional and unintentional killings, this study focuses on the Kurdish conflict in Turkey. The empirical analyses, based on an original violent events dataset, demonstrate that the Turkish state’s counterinsurgency campaign involves group-selective violence characterized by disproportionate force that aims to neutralize domestic and international reactions, punishes dissident political mobilization, and brandishes the government’s nationalist credentials to the majority population.
Pantoprazole promotes sustained intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in amoxicillin-treated mice
Authors: Moaligou Camille , Dion Michel , Ishnaiwer Murad , Dailly Éric , Batard Éric , Javaudin François 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
The main objective of this study was to compare extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli fecal titers during 12 days between two groups: mice who received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and those that did not.

Methods and results
We tested three different in vivo models: model 1, high inoculum (106 CFU ml−1); model 2, low inoculum (102 CFU ml−1); and model 3, low inoculum and 2-day amoxicillin wash-out. There was no significant difference between the two groups in fecal ESBL E. coli titers in models 1 and 2. The fecal titers of ESBL E. coli were probably too high to show differences in colonization related to PPI treatment. By introducing a 2-day wash-out period after stopping amoxicillin (model 3), the fecal ESBL E. coli titers were higher in the PPI-treated mice during 12 days (3 log versus 11 log day CFU g−1; P &lt; 0.05). This result highlighted that PPIs promote stable ESBL E. coli digestive carriage in mice. Fecal quantitative PCR showed that mice with low ESBL E. coli fecal titers had a much higher concentration of equol-producing bacteria, Muribaculum sp., and Adlercreutzia caecimuris.

Conclusions
Pantoprazole treatment promotes sustained digestive carriage of ESBL E. coli in amoxicillin-treated mice.
Survey of gravitationally lensed objects in HSC imaging (SuGOHI) – IX. Discovery of strongly lensed quasar candidates
Authors: Chan James H H , Wong Kenneth C , Ding Xuheng , Chao Dani , Chiu I-Non , Jaelani Anton T , Kayo Issha , More Anupreeta , Oguri Masamune , Suyu Sherry H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of new lensed quasar candidates in the imaging data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) Data Release 4, covering $1\, 310\deg ^2$ of the sky with median seeing in the i band of ≈0.6 arcsec. In addition to two catalogues of Million Quasars Catalog v7.2 and AllWISE Catalog of Mid-Infra Red Active Galactic Nuclei, containing confirmed and candidate quasars, we preselect quasar sources using colour cuts from the HSC (grizy) and unWISE (W1 + W2) photometric data based on SDSS spectroscopic catalogues. We search for the presence of multiple point sources with similar colour through the convolution of the Laplacian of the preselected quasar image cutouts with the Laplacian of the point spread function, resulting in a reduction of lens candidates from 1 652 329 to 121 511 (7.4 per cent). After visual binary classification, we grade 6 199 (0.4 per cent) potential lenses on a scale of 0 to 3, with 3 indicating a lens and 0 indicating a non-lens. Finally we obtain 162 lens candidates with an average grade of ≥2, and among them, we successfully recover 18 known lenses. By fitting the light distribution and removing the known contaminants, we discover that 57 new systems contain at least two point sources and a galaxy in between, including 10 possible quadruply lensed quasars. This new sample exhibits a median separation of 1.26 arcsec and a magnitude limit of i ≈ 22. Spectroscopic or high-resolution imaging follow up on these newly discovered lensed quasar candidates will further allow their natures to be confirmed.
Shadows of black holes at cosmological distances in the co-varying physical couplings framework
Authors: Cuzinatto R R , de Melo C A M , Neves Juliano C S 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe co-varying physical couplings (CPC) framework states that physical parameters like the speed of light in vacuum c, the Newtonian constant G, and the cosmological constant Λ could indeed vary with the space–time coordinates xμ. Here, we assume a temporal variation, that is, c(t), G(t), and Λ(t). We show that the McVittie space–time, a black hole in an expanding universe, is a solution of the CPC framework providing naturally an important parameter of the model. Then, we calculate the shadow angular radius of this black hole at cosmological distances. A black hole shadow in the CPC context could be either larger or smaller than the same shadow in the standard cosmology. It depends on how the set {c, G, Λ} varies with time or with the cosmic expansion.
The eccentric Koza–Lidov mechanism as the cause of exocomet transits of KIC 8462852
Authors: Young Steven D , Wyatt Mark C 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
KIC 8462852 is a star in the Kepler field that exhibits almost unique behaviour. The deep, irregular, and aperiodic dips in its light curve have been interpreted as the breakup of a large exocomet on a highly eccentric orbit whose post-disruption material obscures the star. It is hypothesized that a nearby M-dwarf, recently confirmed to be bound to the system, could be exciting planetesimals in a source belt to high eccentricities if its orbit is highly misaligned with the belt: an effect known as the ‘Eccentric Kozai–Lidov Mechanism’. To quantify how often this effect is expected to occur, this paper presents a Monte Carlo model of wide binary stars with embedded, misaligned planetesimal belts. These belts collisionally erode over time until they are excited to high eccentricities on secular time-scales by a companion star if its orbit is sufficiently misaligned. The large planetesimals then produce an observable dimming signature in the light curve for a set period of time which may or may not overlap with similar events. The model finds that, for dimming events that persist for 100 yr, the most likely companion stars are located at 102−104 au, the most likely belts are at 102−103 au and the system age is most likely to be 102−103 Myr. However, the probability of observing one or more stars exhibiting this phenomenon in the Kepler field is 1.3 × 10−3, such that it is unlikely this mechanism is driving the observations of KIC 8462852.
Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis oligoarthritis of the right hand misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis: A case report
Authors: Joyo Yuji , Yasuma Sanshiro , Usami Takuya , Hattori Yusuke , Noda Yohei , Kato Sakurako , Kondo Ryohei , Watanabe Soichiro , Waguri-Nagaya Yuko 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Infection with Mycobacterium marinum has several different clinical presentations. Most commonly, it appears as a solitary papulonodular lesion on an extremity. A rare presentation of osteoarticular M. marinum involving multiple small joints and tenosynovitis of the hand, which was misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, is reported. The patient was initially treated for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis but failed to respond to methotrexate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed arthritis and tenosynovitis. Subsequently, synovial biopsy led to histological and microbiological diagnosis. Antimycobacterial treatment should be started promptly in such cases. The combined use of rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin appears to be effective, and debridement is indicated in patients with deep-seated infections.
On the spectrum around numerical solutions in Siegel gauge in open string field theory
Authors: Kishimoto Isao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In bosonic open string field theory, the spectrum around the numerical tachyon vacuum solution in Siegel gauge was investigated by Giusto and Imbimbo. Using their numerical method, we study the mass spectrum around two other solutions, which are “double brane” and “single brane” solutions in Siegel gauge constructed by the level truncation approximation. The “double brane” solution was constructed by Kudrna and Schnabl and its energy might correspond to a double brane. On the other hand, the “single brane” solution was constructed by Takahashi and the author in the theory around the identity-based solution for the tachyon vacuum and its energy corresponds to the perturbative vacuum, namely, a single brane. From the eigenvalues of the matrix for the kinetic term in Siegel gauge, we find a tachyon state and a massless vector state in the ghost number g = 1 sector around the “single brane” solution, which is consistent with the perturbative vacuum, although the mass spectrum around the “double brane” solution is obscure up to truncation level L = 10 and within scalar and vector states.
Assessment of Grapefruit Expressing Anti-NodT Antibody for Huanglongbing Resistance
Authors: Vosburg Chad , Sinn Judith P. , Orbovic Vladimir , Ferrarezi Rhuanito Soranz , Macias J. Martin Zapien , Taylor Earl L. , Hilf Mark , McCollum Greg , Gottwald Tim R. , Stover Ed , McNellis Timothy W. 
Published: September 2023

Growers rely on broad-spectrum agrochemicals to manage one of the most economically important fruit tree diseases, huanglongbing (HLB, citrus greening disease), presumptively caused by the gram-negative bacterium ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ ( CLas). Although genetic resistance would be an attractive alternative to chemical management, this option is not yet available for HLB. Here, we tested whether a single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody targeting the predicted CLas outer membrane transporter NodT can inhibit CLas growth or HLB disease development when expressed in ‘Duncan’ grapefruit ( Citrus × paradisi). CLas NodT is similar to TolC and could be involved in Type I secretion and virulence. The scFv antibody was expressed in grapefruit trees as a C-terminal translational fusion to the Flowering Locus T protein of Poncirus trifoliata (FT-scFv) to promote expression in the phloem. Wild-type and FT-scFv-expressing transgenic lines were challenged with CLas using three inoculation approaches: psyllid-mediated inoculation, vegetative graft inoculation, and natural exposure in grove-like conditions. With the first two approaches, HLB symptom expression and CLas bacterial titers in FT-scFv grapefruit lines were not significantly different from wild-type controls. In the grove trial, one FT-scFv line exhibited a slight, but significant, reduction in canopy chlorosis compared to wild-type controls. Wild-type and FT-scFv lines were similar in all other metrics. We conclude that the expression of anti-NodT FT-scFv antibody in grapefruit did not decrease HLB susceptibility. Although our approach was unsuccessful, we hope that documenting our results will be useful for those seeking to develop HLB-resistant citrus germplasm in the future. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Characterization of Powdery Mildew Fungi Affecting Hemp in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Rivedal Hannah M. , Wiseman Michele S. , Richardson Briana J. , Massie Stephen T. , Garfinkel Andrea R. , Ocamb Cynthia M. , Gent David H. 
Published: September 2023

Hemp ( Cannabis sativa) is a new crop for Oregon and Washington. These states are also home to 90% of the country's hop ( Humulus lupulus) production. Powdery mildew is a common disease that affects both hemp and hop. There are at least two species of powdery mildew fungi that may occur on hemp, including Golovinomyces ambrosiae and Podosphaera macularis, with the latter also infecting hop. Surveys were conducted throughout Oregon and Washington in 2021 and 2022 to determine the incidence and identity of powdery mildew fungi on hemp. Seventy-four fields were evaluated at three time points. In Oregon, powdery mildew was not detected in either year in the early season but was detected in 4.6 to 6.5% of fields during mid-season and 36.8 to 41.4% of fields during late-season evaluations. Powdery mildew was not detected in Washington in any survey time point in either year. We collected 204 powdery mildew samples from surveyed fields. Both P. macularis and G. ambrosiae were detected on hemp, based on diagnostic PCR assays and sequencing, comprising approximately 17 and 96% of assayed survey samples, respectively. All P. macularis samples that amplified were mating type MAT1-1, consistent with the population occurring on hop in the region. Thirty-nine convenience samples were collected outside of surveyed fields and included the first detections of both G. ambrosiae and P. macularis on hemp in Washington. The presence of P. macularis on hemp has possible ramifications for hop producers in the region, including disruption of established management systems and introduction of novel isolates. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Substance use disorder and treatment in healthcare providers
Authors: Howell Christopher M. , Myers Jade 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with innumerable risk factors and patient presentations, and is a leading cause of preventable disease. Research continues to explore the role of biochemical and social constructs that may play a role in the foundation, perpetuation, and progression of SUD in at-risk populations. Healthcare providers develop SUD at lifetime rates similar to those of the general population, but detecting common signs and symptoms may be challenging, often delaying treatment until the course becomes more complicated. Compounding this are tangible and intangible reservations to care, including clinician fear of the financial cost for treatment, lost wages, and damage to professional esteem. Nonetheless, all clinicians must be able to recognize SUD and be aware of treatments for afflicted colleagues.
Virtual and Low-Fidelity Simulation: An Integrated Approach to Achieving Learning Outcomes for Early Clinical Students
Authors: Mannino Jennifer , Shah Eileen , Flannery Jacqueline 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this educational initiative was to transition a portion of onsite acute care/hospital clinical learning to an experience integrating virtual and low-fidelity simulation for undergraduate nursing students. The integrated simulation created a safe, nonthreatening environment for students to learn and develop competence and confidence to meet the demands of real-world practice settings. Virtual with low-fidelity simulation offered a standardized approach that fostered consistency in meeting clinical, course, and program outcomes.
Opioid Settlements: The Role for Addiction Medicine in Guiding Effective Spending
Authors: Whaley Sara , Sharfstein Josh , Rising Josh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
States are set to receive an estimated $56 billion in funds from litigation against opioid manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies over the next 18 years. Unlike the big tobacco settlements in the 1990s, which were often spent on items unrelated to tobacco use, guardrails set by the opioid settlements require the majority of the funds will be spent on opioid remediation. Nonetheless, state and local jurisdictions still have wide discretion on the types and quality of programs that they fund. Addiction medicine specialists have several opportunities to utilize their expertise to inform the effective investment of opioid settlement dollars.