bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of high-flying insect abundance are shaped by landscape type and abiotic conditions
Authors: Knop Eva , Grimm Majken Leonie , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi , Schmid Baptiste , Liechti Felix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInsects are of increasing conservation concern as a severe decline of both biomass and biodiversity have been reported. At the same time, data on where and when they occur in the airspace is still sparse, and we currently do not know whether their density is linked to the type of landscape above which they occur. Here, we combined data of high-flying insect abundance from six locations across Switzerland representing rural, urban and mountainous landscapes, which was recorded using vertical-looking radar devices. We analysed the abundance of high-flying insects in relation to meteorological factors, daytime, and type of landscape. Air pressure was positively related to insect abundance, wind speed showed an optimum, and temperature and wind direction did not show a clear relationship. Mountainous landscapes showed a higher insect abundance than the other two landscape types. Insect abundance increased in the morning, decreased in the afternoon, had a peak after sunset, and then declined again, though the extent of this general pattern slightly differed between landscape types. We conclude that the abundance of high-flying insects is not only related to abiotic parameters, but also to the type of landscapes and its characteristics, which, on a long-term, should be taken into account for when designing conservation measures for insects.
Triboelectric charge saturation on single and multiple insulating particles in air and vacuum
Authors: Cruise Reuben D. , Starr Stanley O. , Hadler Kathryn , Cilliers Jan J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTriboelectric charge transfer is complex and depends on contact properties such as material composition and contact area, as well as environmental factors including humidity, temperature, and air pressure. Saturation surface charge density on particles is inversely dependent on particle size and the number of nearby particles. Here we show that electrical breakdown of air is the primary cause of triboelectric charge saturation on single and multiple electrically insulating particles, which explains the inverse dependence of surface charge density on particle size and number of particles. We combine computational simulations with experiments under controlled humidity and pressure. The results show that the electric field contribution of multiple particles causes electrical breakdown of air, reducing saturation surface charge density for greater numbers of particles. Furthermore, these results show that particles can be discharged in a low pressure environment, yielding opportunities for improved industrial powder flows and dust mitigation from surfaces.
It is easy and effective to locate adrenal gland during retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy by the landmark of left PFSV
Authors: Wu Ning , Zhang Nan , Chen Jianhuai , Zhao Tong , Gao Songzhan , Zhao Jiangbo , Lv Longfei , Lu Min , Yang Jie , Zhong Qinggui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the left perinephric fat sac vein (PFSV) as an anatomical landmark in locating left adrenal gland (LAD) during retroperitoneal laparoscopic left adrenalectomy (RLLA). In this study, a total of 36 patients who underwent RLLA were enrolled from February 2019 and March 2021. By following a vein vessel on the internal surface of perinephric fat sac (PFS), known as PFSV, LAD was searched finally along the upper edge of this vein. The demographic and clinical characteristics of these patients were acquired, including tumor features and perioperative outcomes (operating time, estimated blood loss, complications). The operations were successfully completed in all the 36 patients without conversion to open surgery. In addition, the LAD was successfully found along the upper edge of PFSV in 34 patients. For all operations, the mean operative time was 75 min (range 60–95) and the estimated blood loss was 20 ml (range 10–50). The median oral intake was 20.7 h (range 6–39). The median hospital stay was 6.3 days (range 4–9), and the median follow-up was 12.3 months (range 9–17). Moreover, no intraoperative complications were observed and no residual tumors were detected after 9 to 15 months follow-up. It may be a safe and efficient procedure to use PFSV as a landmark for searching LAD during RLLA, especially for beginners. However, more studies with larger sample size are need to be conducted to further evaluate the outcomes of this method and the significance of PFSV in searching LAD during RLLA.
Identification of microRNA editing sites in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yulong , Guo Shiyong , Xie Wenping , Yang Huaide , Li Wanran , Zhou Nan , Yang Jun , Zhou Guangchen , Mao Chunyi , Zheng Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor originating from the renal tubular epithelium. Although the microRNAs (miRNAs) transcriptome of ccRCC has been extensively studied, the role of miRNAs editing in ccRCC is largely unknown. By analyzing small RNA sequencing profiles of renal tissues of 154 ccRCC patients and 22 normal controls, we identified 1025 miRNA editing sites from 246 pre-miRNAs. There were 122 editing events with significantly different editing levels in ccRCC compared to normal samples, which include two A-to-I editing events in the seed regions ofhsa-mir-376a-3pandhsa-mir-376c-3p, respectively, and one C-to-U editing event in the seed region ofhsa-mir-29c-3p. After comparing the targets of the original and edited miRNAs, we found thathsa-mir-376a-1_49g,hsa-mir-376c_48gandhsa-mir-29c_59uhad many new targets, respectively. Many of these new targets were deregulated in ccRCC, which might be related to the different editing levels ofhsa-mir-376a-3p,hsa-mir-376c-3p,hsa-mir-29c-3pin ccRCC compared to normal controls. Our study sheds new light on miRNA editing events and their potential biological functions in ccRCC.
Prebiotic inulin enhances gut microbial metabolism and anti-inflammation in apolipoprotein E4 mice with sex-specific implications
Authors: Chang Ya-Hsuan , Yanckello Lucille M. , Chlipala George E. , Green Stefan J. , Aware Chetan , Runge Amelia , Xing Xin , Chen Anna , Wenger Kathryn , Flemister Abeoseh , Wan Caixia , Lin Ai-Ling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGut dysbiosis has been identified as a crucial factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development for apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers. Inulin has shown the potential to mitigate dysbiosis. However, it remains unclear whether the dietary response varies depending on sex. In the study, we fed 4-month-oldAPOE4 mice with inulin for 16 weeks and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine changes in microbiome diversity, taxonomy, and functional gene pathways. We also formed the same experiments withAPOE3 mice to identify whether there areAPOE-genotype dependent responses to inulin. We found thatAPOE4female mice fed with inulin had restored alpha diversity, significantly reducedEscherichia coliand inflammation-associated pathway responses. However, compared withAPOE4male mice, they had less metabolic responses, including the levels of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and the associated kinases, especially those related to acetate andErysipelotrichaceae. These diet- and sex- effects were less pronounced in theAPOE3mice, indicating that differentAPOEvariants also play a significant role. The findings provide insights into the higher susceptibility ofAPOE4females to AD, potentially due to inefficient energy production, and imply the importance of considering precision nutrition for mitigating dysbiosis and AD risk in the future.
Public concerns and attitudes towards autism on Chinese social media based on K-means algorithm
Authors: Zhou Qi , Lei Yuling , Du Hang , Tao Yuexian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the hot topics and attitudes of autism in the larger community. In this study, we analyzed and summarized experimental texts from the social media platform Zhihu using the TF-IDF algorithm and K-means clustering approach. Based on the analysis of the 1,740,826-word experimental text, we found that the popularity of autism has steadily risen over recent years. Sufferers and their parents primarily discuss autism. The K-means clustering algorithm revealed that the most popular topics are divided into four categories: self-experience of individuals with autism, external views of individuals with autism, caring and stressful behaviors of caregivers, and information about autism. This study concluded that people with autism face more incredible negative emotions, external cognitive evaluations of the autistic group reflect stereotypes, the caregiver’s family suffers high financial and psychological stress, and disorders caused by disease in autistic individuals.
Species diversity of environmentally-transmitted bacteria colonizing Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and symbiotic effects of the most dominant bacteria
Authors: Gook Do-Hun , Jung Minhyung , Kim Soowan , Lee Doo-Hyung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRiptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) establish endosymbiosis with specific bacteria from extremely diverse microbiota in soil. To better understand ecology and evolution of the symbiosis, it is important to characterize bacterial species diversity colonizing R. pedestris and evaluate their symbiotic effects. Nonetheless, previous research was limited to a few bacteria strains such as Caballeronia insecticola. In this study, second-instar nymphs were provided with field soils and reared to adult. Then, bacteria colonizing the midgut M4 region of R. pedestris were analyzed for bacterial species identification based on the 16S rRNA gene. First, a total of 15 bacterial species were detected belonging to Burkholderiaceae. Most of R. pedestris were found to harbor single bacterial species, whereas several insects harbored at most two bacterial species simultaneously. Among the total insects harboring single bacterial species, 91.2% harbored genus Caballeronia. The most dominant species was C. jiangsuensis, not previously documented for symbiotic associations with R. pedestris. Second, in laboratory conditions, C. jiangsuensis significantly enhanced the development, body size, and reproductive potentials of R. pedestris, compared to individuals with no symbiotic bacteria. These results add novel information to better understand symbiotic bacteria community establishing in R. pedestris and symbiotic effects on the host insects.
Evolution of structural rearrangements in prostate cancer intracranial metastases
Authors: Khani Francesca , Hooper William F. , Wang Xiaofei , Chu Timothy R. , Shah Minita , Winterkorn Lara , Sigouros Michael , Conteduca Vincenza , Pisapia David , Wobker Sara , Walker Sydney , Graff Julie N. , Robinson Brian , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Sboner Andrea , Elemento Olivier , Robine Nicolas , Beltran Himisha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntracranial metastases in prostate cancer are uncommon but clinically aggressive. A detailed molecular characterization of prostate cancer intracranial metastases would improve our understanding of their pathogenesis and the search for new treatment strategies. We evaluated the clinical and molecular characteristics of 36 patients with metastatic prostate cancer to either the dura or brain parenchyma. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 10 intracranial prostate cancer metastases, as well as WGS of primary prostate tumors from men who later developed metastatic disease (n = 6) and nonbrain prostate cancer metastases (n = 36). This first study focused on WGS of prostate intracranial metastases led to several new insights. First, there was a higher diversity of complex structural alterations in prostate cancer intracranial metastases compared to primary tumor tissues. Chromothripsis and chromoplexy events seemed to dominate, yet there were few enrichments of specific categories of structural variants compared with non-brain metastases. Second, aberrations involving the AR gene, including AR enhancer gain were observed in 7/10 (70%) of intracranial metastases, as well as recurrent loss of function aberrations involving TP53 in 8/10 (80%), RB1 in 2/10 (20%), BRCA2 in 2/10 (20%), and activation of the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway in 8/10 (80%). These alterations were frequently present in tumor tissues from other sites of disease obtained concurrently or sequentially from the same individuals. Third, clonality analysis points to genomic factors and evolutionary bottlenecks that contribute to metastatic spread in patients with prostate cancer. These results describe the aggressive molecular features underlying intracranial metastasis that may inform future diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Deep spatial-omics analysis of Head & Neck carcinomas provides alternative therapeutic targets and rationale for treatment failure
Authors: Causer Andrew , Tan Xiao , Lu Xuehan , Moseley Philip , Teoh Siok M. , Molotkov Natalie , McGrath Margaret , Kim Taehyun , Simpson Peter T. , Perry Christopher , Frazer Ian H. , Panizza Benedict , Ladwa Rahul , Nguyen Quan , Gonzalez-Cruz Jazmina L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has had limited success (<30%) in treating metastatic recurrent Head and Neck Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OPSCCs). We postulate that spatial determinants in the tumor play a critical role in cancer therapy outcomes. Here, we describe the case of a male patient diagnosed with p16+ OPSCC and extensive lung metastatic disease who failed Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab/Lenvatinib therapies. Using advanced integrative spatial proteogenomic analysis on the patient’s recurrent OPSCC tumors we demonstrate that: (i) unbiased tissue clustering based on spatial transcriptomics (ST) successfully detected tumor cells and enabled the investigation of phenotypic traits such as proliferation or drug-resistance genes in the tumor’s leading-edge and core; (ii) spatial proteomic imagining used in conjunction with ST (SpiCi, Spatial Proteomics inferred Cell identification) can resolve the profiling of tumor infiltrating immune cells, (iii) ST data allows for the discovery and ranking of clinically relevant alternative medicines based on their interaction with their matching ligand-receptor. Importantly, when the spatial profiles of ICI pre- and post-failure OPSCC tumors were compared, they exhibited highly similar PD-1/PD-L1low and VEGFAhigh expression, suggesting that these new tumors were not the product of ICI resistance but rather of Lenvatinib dose reduction due to complications. Our work establishes a path for incorporating spatial-omics in clinical settings to facilitate treatment personalization.
Lysosome-related organelles promote stress and immune responses in C. elegans
Authors: Hajdú Gábor , Somogyvári Milán , Csermely Péter , Sőti Csaba 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLysosome-related organelles (LROs) play diverse roles and their dysfunction causes immunodeficiency. However, their primordial functions remain unclear. Here, we report that C. elegans LROs (gut granules) promote organismal defenses against various stresses. We find that toxic benzaldehyde exposure induces LRO autofluorescence, stimulates the expression of LRO-specific genes and enhances LRO transport capacity as well as increases tolerance to benzaldehyde, heat and oxidative stresses, while these responses are impaired in glo-1/Rab32 and pgp-2 ABC transporter LRO biogenesis mutants. Benzaldehyde upregulates glo-1- and pgp-2-dependent expression of heat shock, detoxification and antimicrobial effector genes, which requires daf-16/FOXO and/or pmk-1/p38MAPK. Finally, benzaldehyde preconditioning increases resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 in a glo-1- and pgp-2-dependent manner, and PA14 infection leads to the deposition of fluorescent metabolites in LROs and induction of LRO genes. Our study suggests that LROs may play a role in systemic responses to stresses and in pathogen resistance.
Omicron sub-lineage BA.5 infection results in attenuated pathology in hACE2 transgenic mice
Authors: Rizvi Zaigham Abbas , Dandotiya Jyotsna , Sadhu Srikanth , Khatri Ritika , Singh Janmejay , Singh Virendra , Adhikari Neeta , Sharma Kritika , Das Vinayake , Pandey Amit Kumar , Das Bhabatosh , Medigeshi Guruprasad , Mani Shalendra , Bhatnagar Shinjini , Samal Sweety , Pandey Anil Kumar , Garg Pramod Kumar , Awasthi Amit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA recently emerged sub-lineage of Omicron, BA.5, together with BA.4, caused a fifth wave of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in South Africa and subsequently emerged as a predominant strain globally due to its high transmissibility. The lethality of BA.5 infection has not been studied in an acute hACE2 transgenic (hACE2.Tg) mouse model. Here, we investigated tissue-tropism and immuno-pathology induced by BA.5 infection in hACE2.Tg mice. Our data show that intranasal infection of BA.5 in hACE2.Tg mice resulted in attenuated pulmonary infection and pathology with diminished COVID-19-induced clinical and pathological manifestations. BA.5, similar to Omicron (B.1.1.529), infection led to attenuated production of inflammatory cytokines, anti-viral response and effector T cell response as compared to the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2, Wuhan-Hu-1. We show that mice recovered from B.1.1.529 infection showed robust protection against BA.5 infection associated with reduced lung viral load and pathology. Together, our data provide insights as to why BA.5 infection escapes previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure induced-T cell immunity but may result in milder immuno-pathology and alleviated chances of re-infectivity in Omicron-recovered individuals.
Integration of landmark and saccade target signals in macaque frontal cortex visual responses
Authors: Schütz Adrian , Bharmauria Vishal , Yan Xiaogang , Wang Hongying , Bremmer Frank , Crawford J. Douglas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVisual landmarks influence spatial cognition and behavior, but their influence on visual codes for action is poorly understood. Here, we test landmark influence on the visual response to saccade targets recorded from 312 frontal and 256 supplementary eye field neurons in rhesus macaques. Visual response fields are characterized by recording neural responses to various target-landmark combinations, and then we test against several candidate spatial models. Overall, frontal/supplementary eye fields response fields preferentially code either saccade targets (40%/40%) or landmarks (30%/4.5%) in gaze fixation-centered coordinates, but most cells show multiplexed target-landmark coding within intermediate reference frames (between fixation-centered and landmark-centered). Further, these coding schemes interact: neurons with near-equal target and landmark coding show the biggest shift from fixation-centered toward landmark-centered target coding. These data show that landmark information is preserved and influences target coding in prefrontal visual responses, likely to stabilize movement goals in the presence of noisy egocentric signals.
Two‐stage deadbeat‐based predictive torque control strategy for modular multilevel converter‐fed three‐phase induction motors
Authors: Khosravi Mahyar , Arab Khaburi Davood , Alikhani Mohsen , Yousefzade Meysam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) are considered to be extensively used in medium‐voltage AC drives A two‐stage deadbeat‐based strategy is developed by the authors to make the implementation of Predictive Torque Control (PTC) technique for an induction motor that is fed by a three‐phase MMC possible . Despite various benefits of PTC strategy, it has not been widely employed for multilevel topologies due to the huge number of switching states of these converters, and the complex internal dynamics of topologies such as MMC. The proposed control scheme results in significant reduction of the computational burden, using an initial reference voltage that is determined at the first stage of the strategy by the deadbeat technique. Next, the predictive evaluation process is conducted at the second stage to simultaneously control the stator flux, electromagnetic torque and circulating current. The number of admissible vectors that should be evaluated in the cost function is effectively limited by only considering some adjacent vectors of the reference voltage in the first stage. Moreover, the circulating current control capability, which is necessary for effective operation of MMC, is also considered in the developed scheme. Finally, the satisfactory performance of the proposed strategy is validated through various experimental tests.
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Conditions
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNervous system disorders may be accompanied by gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Brain lesions may be responsible for GI problems such as decreased peristalsis (e.g., lesions in the basal ganglia, pontine defecation center/Barrington's nucleus), decreased abdominal strain (e.g., lesions in the parabrachial nucleus), hiccupping and vomiting (e.g., lesions in the area postrema), and appetite loss (e.g., lesions in the hypothalamus). Decreased peristalsis also may be caused by lesions of the spinal long tracts or the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the myenteric plexus. This review addresses GI dysfunction caused by multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorder. Neuro-associated GI dysfunction may develop concurrently with brain or spinal cord dysfunction or may predate it. Collaboration between gastroenterologists and neurologists is highly desirable when caring for patients with GI dysfunction related to nervous system disorders, particularly since patients with these symptoms may visit a gastroenterologist prior to the establishment of a neurological diagnosis.
Infant Rudimentary Meningocele with Tethering of the Cervical Cord: A Case Report
Authors: Shanahan Regan M. , Hudson Joseph S. , Huq Sakibul , Legarreta Andrew , Fields Daryl P. , Phillips H. Westley , Kellogg Robert G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRudimentary meningoceles of the spine with dural extension are very rare and warrant surgical excision to prevent infection and long-term neurological deficits in pediatric patients. We present the case of a 5-month-old infant with a tethered spinal cord secondary to a rudimentary meningocele. The patient presented shortly after birth with a midline cervical dimple that was evaluated for a suspected dermal sinus tract. Magnetic resonance imaging scan of the spine showed a sinus tract with intradural extension to C2-3 and external opening at the level of spinous process C5. En bloc surgical excision and spinal cord release were successfully performed. Histological analysis of the specimen confirmed the presence of two blunt sinus tracts and staining was consistent with a rudimentary meningocele. Intradural rudimentary meningoceles in infants can successfully be managed with surgical intervention. Surgery is indicated to prevent future motor complications from spinal cord tethering and neoplastic growth from the rudimentary meningocele.