bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the area subscore of the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index using an attention U‐net deep learning algorithm
Authors: Paik Kyungho , Kim Bo Ri , Youn Sang Woong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a variant of pustular psoriasis involving the palms and soles. The severity of PPP is usually evaluated using the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI). Among the components of the PPPASI, the area of the involved lesion is evaluated differently by raters, who generally make a rough estimate using the eye and not through a specific calculation. To overcome inconsistent evaluation of the area subscore of PPPASI by human raters, we developed and validated deep‐learning‐based algorithms to enable automated and reliable assessment of the area involved in PPP to provide clinical advantages. In this study, we developed a dataset of 611 images of the palms and soles of 153 patients with PPP. We evaluated the area of the lesion by dividing the number of pixels in the area involved in PPP by the number of pixels in the area of the palms or soles. Using attention U‐net, we developed two convolutional neural network (CNN) models that can evaluate the percentage of the affected area (%) and subsequently assign a score ranging from 0 to 6. The area subscore of PPPASI evaluated by the deep‐learning algorithm was same or differed by 1‐point from the subscore of ground truth in 98.8% of the images. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the CNN and ground truth was 0.879, indicating good agreement. The accuracy and mean absolute error of the model were 66.7% and 0.344, respectively. In a Bland–Altman plot, most of the differences in the percentage of the affected area lay between the 95% confidence interval with a mean difference of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.2. The deep‐learning algorithm can provide several clinical advantages by objectively evaluating the components of the PPPASI without concern for disagreement between clinicians. The algorithms further enable cumulative clinical data acquisition related to PPP severity.
Out of Sync in Havana: Two Socialist Visions of Global Contemporary Art
Authors: Lee Sohl 
Published: February 2023

On 1 November 1989, when the third edition of la Bienal de la Habana opened its doors, the show included ink paintings from North Korea called chosŏnhwa (literally ‘Korean paintings’). By that time, the Korean–Cuban friendship had lasted for more than three decades, following its formation after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, and based on the principle of Third World solidarity. But this encounter in 1989 illustrates that their contemporary art was out of sync with one another. The Korean presentation contrasted with the more installation‐oriented, inter‐media works submitted by Cuban artists who were part of the ‘New Cuban art’ wave. As an archeological study on these two starkly different visions of ‘contemporary art’, this essay sustains a bifurcated view onto Pyongyang and Havana as a method with which to reassess the culture of Third World politics and post‐coloniality at the Cold War's end, and to propose a translocational, South‐to‐South method of art history.
Market dynamics of authorized generics in Medicaid from 2014 to 2020
Authors: Rome Benjamin N. , Gunter Simon J. , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the use and timing of market introduction of authorized generics (AGs), which unlike independent generics are sold by the brand‐name drug manufacturer under a generic label.Data SourcesThis study used public Medicaid prescription drug use data from 2014 to 2020.Study DesignThis cross‐sectional study measured the percentage of filled prescriptions for AGs, compared with brand‐name and independent generic versions. We also identified the frequency and characteristics of AGs marketed at least 1 year before independent generics.Data Extraction MethodsDrugs were classified based on manufacturer‐reported data to Medicaid.Principal FindingsFrom 2014 to 2020, 1023 AGs accounted for 175 million filled Medicaid prescriptions. These represented 4% of Medicaid prescription drug use, and 16% of medication use among products with AGs available. Among 393 AGs for drugs without generic competition before 2014, 139 (35%) were marketed at least 1 year before independent generics or had no independent generic competition through December 2020.ConclusionsAGs represented a small share of Medicaid prescription drug use from 2014 to 2020, but when AGs were available, they accounted for sizeable market share. Among the minority of cases in which AGs were marketed a year or more before independent generics, manufacturers may be using AGs to bolster brand‐name drug prices or to undermine independent generic competition, meriting further attention by regulators.
Relevance of the air–water interfacial and foaming properties of (modified) wheat proteins for food systems
Authors: Janssen Frederik , Monterde Viena , Wouters Arno G. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA shift from animal protein‐ to plant protein‐based foods is crucial in transitioning toward a more sustainable global food system. Among food products typically stabilized by animal proteins, food foams represent a major category. Wheat proteins are ubiquitous and structurally diverse, which offers opportunities for exploiting them for food foam and air–water interface stabilization. Notably, they are often classified into those that are soluble in aqueous systems (albumins and globulins) and those that are not (gliadins and glutenins). However, gliadins are at least to an extent water extractable and thus surface active. We here provide a comprehensive overview of studies investigating the air–water interfacial and foaming properties of the different wheat protein fractions. Characteristics in model systems are related to the functional role that wheat proteins play in gas cell stabilization in existing wheat‐based foods (bread dough, cake batter, and beer foam). Still, to further extend the applicability of wheat proteins, and particularly the poorly soluble glutenins, to other food foams, their modification is required. Different physical, (bio)chemical, and other modification strategies that have been utilized to alter the solubility and therefore the air–water interfacial and foaming properties of the gluten protein fraction are critically reviewed. Such approaches may open up new opportunities for the application of (modified) gluten proteins in other food products, such as plant‐based meringues, whippable drinks, or ice cream. In each section, important knowledge gaps are highlighted and perspectives for research efforts that could lead to the rational design of wheat protein systems with enhanced functionality and overall an increased applicability in food industry are proposed.
A characterization of pre‐ to post‐immigration alcohol use among recent Latino immigrants to the United States before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Romano Eduardo , Sánchez Mariana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Latino immigrants to the United States tend to display a gradual increase in alcohol use after immigration, such escalation may not generalize to all Latino/a groups. This study examines patterns of alcohol use shown by recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) to Miami/Dade County (MDC), Florida covering a period from pre‐immigration to the first two years after immigration. Differences in alcohol use prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic were also assessed.MethodsData came from an on‐going longitudinal study of 540 young adult (50% female) RLIs. Inclusion criteria were age 18 to 34, residing in MDC and having immigrated from a Latin American country within the past year. Respondent‐driven sampling was the primary recruitment strategy.ResultsRecent Latino immigrants reported a decline in alcohol use from before immigration (18.3 drinks per month, d/m) to the first (13.9 d/m), and second years (10.4 d/m before and 12.9 d/m during the pandemic lockdown) in MDC. The decline, which was moderated by RLIs' sex and legal residency status, was halted by the pandemic lockdown. While “to celebrate” was the most often cited reason for drinking, “to forget” was often cited during the lockdown.ConclusionsThe noted decrease in alcohol use since immigration may reflect the unique array of support and resources available to RLIs in MDC. Nevertheless, some RLIs increased their alcohol use over time, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This disparate impact of the pandemic on alcohol use calls attention to the need to identify the most vulnerable RLIs to MDC and develop targeted interventions for them.
Higher mortality among lean patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease despite fewer metabolic comorbidities
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Li Fang , Lundin Sori K. , Suresh Deepika , Song Michael W. , Tao Cui , Chen Vincent L. , Lok Anna S. F. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can develop in individuals who are not overweight. Whether lean persons with NAFLD have lower mortality and lower incidence of cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer than overweight/obese persons with NAFLD remains inconclusive. We compared mortality and incidence of cirrhosis, CVD, DM and cancer between lean versus non‐lean persons with NAFLD.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of adults with NAFLD in a single centre from 2012 to 2021. Primary outcomes were mortality and new diagnosis of cirrhosis, CVD, DM and cancer. Outcomes were modelled using competing risk analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.ResultsA total of 18,594 and 13,420 patients were identified for cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis respectively: approximately 11% lean, 25% overweight, 28% class 1 obesity and 35% class 2–3 obesity. The median age was 51.0 years, 54.6% were women. The median follow‐up was 49.3 months. Lean patients had lower prevalence of metabolic diseases at baseline and lower incidence of cirrhosis and DM than non‐lean patients and no difference in CVD, any cancer or obesity‐related cancer during follow‐up. However, lean patients had significantly higher mortality with incidence per 1000 person‐years of 16.67, 10.11, 7.37 and 8.99, respectively, in lean, overweight, obesity class 1 and obesity class 2–3 groups respectively.ConclusionsLean patients with NAFLD had higher mortality despite lower incidence of cirrhosis and DM, and similar incidence of CVD and cancer and merit similar if not more attention as non‐lean patients with NAFLD.
The association of magnetoencephalography high‐frequency oscillations with epilepsy types and a ripple‐based method with source‐level connectivity for mapping epilepsy sources
Authors: Shi Li‐juan , Li Can‐Cheng , Lin Yi‐cong , Ding Cheng‐tao , Wang Yu‐ping , Zhang Ji‐cong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the association between high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) and epilepsy types and to improve the accuracy of source localization.MethodsMagnetoencephalography (MEG) ripples of 63 drug‐resistant epilepsy patients were detected. Ripple rates, distribution, spatial complexity, and the clustering coefficient of ripple channels were used for the preliminary classification of lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), and nontemporal lobe epilepsy (NTLE), mainly frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE). Furthermore, the seizure site identification was improved using the Tucker LCMV method and source‐level betweenness centrality.ResultsRipple rates were significantly higher in MTLE than in LTLE and NTLE (p < 0.05). The LTLE and MTLE were mainly distributed in the temporal lobe, followed by the parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and frontal lobe, whereas MTLE ripples were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, then parietal lobe and occipital lobe. Nevertheless, the NTLE ripples were primarily in the frontal lobe and partially in the occipital lobe (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the spatial complexity of NTLE was significantly higher than that of LTLE and MTLE and was lowest in MTLE (p < 0.01). However, an opposite trend was observed for the standardized clustering coefficient compared with spatial complexity (p < 0.01). Finally, the tucker algorithm showed a higher percentage of ripples at the surgical site when the betweenness centrality was added (p < 0.01).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that HFO rates, distribution, spatial complexity, and clustering coefficient of ripple channels varied considerably among the three epilepsy types. Additionally, tucker MEG estimation combined with ripple rates based on the source‐level functional connectivity is a promising approach for presurgical epilepsy evaluation.
Reproductive characteristics, population genetics, and pairwise kinship inform strategic recovery of a plant species in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Doyle Chantelle A. T. , Yap Jia‐Yee Samantha , Bragg Jason , Rossetto Maurizio , Orme Andrew , Ooi Mark J. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPopulation genetics and understanding of mating systems provide fundamental information for conservation planning. Pairing these methods is a powerful tool in the study of threatened species, however, they are rarely applied in concert. We examined the mating system and used molecular genetics to measure pairwise kinship and the potential for inbreeding inHibbertia spanantha, a critically endangered long‐lived shrub endemic to the Sydney Basin, Australia, as a model for conservation planning of species in highly fragmented populations. In situ hand pollination experiments demonstrated that the species is preferentially outcrossing, with limited ability to self‐pollinate (either autogamously or geitonogamously). Although population genetics confirmed high levels of kinship and clonality, there is currently enough population heterozygosity for successful open pollination, primarily through buzz pollination by Sweat Bees (Lasioglossum [Chilalictus]). High levels of clonality and population kinship in one population may be the cause of reduced fitness, identified because our outcrossing pollination treatment produced significantly more seeds with greater viability and seed mass than the open treatments. Differences in weight of filled (viable) seeds were identified between populations, although not treatments, where clonal dominance may be swamping pollinator foraging activities. Identification of species mating system, population reproductive capacity, and impacts of fragmentation on population genetic health provides a robust basis for strategic planning and conservation of this critically endangered species, including establishment of an ex situ population and genetic rescue through population augmentation. These methods are easily applicable and particularly relevant to other plant species with small populations or those occurring in fragmented systems.
A survey of solid organ transplant recipient attitudes and concerns regarding contraception and pregnancy
Authors: McIntosh Tristan , Puerzer Payton , Li Miah T. , Malat Gregory , Sammons Chelsea , Norris Maxwell , Fallah Tara , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer , DuBois James M. , Iltis Ana , Mohan Sumit , Sawinski Deirdre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMany women who are solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients wish to have children after transplantation. Contraception is an important component of post‐transplant planning and care, given the increased risk associated with post‐transplant pregnancies. We sought to understand patient attitudes and concerns about post‐transplant contraception and pregnancy.MethodsFollowing a comprehensive literature review, our team developed a survey that was administered to female SOT recipients of childbearing age. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to characterize participant viewsResultsA total of 243 transplant recipients completed the survey (80.7% response rate). The mean age of respondents was 37.5 years (±8.1 years), 66.7% were kidney recipients, and 40.7% were within the first year after transplant. The most common concerns among respondents included fetal and maternal health complications. Participants generally did not agree that transplant recipients should be advised to avoid pregnancy. There was strong support for shared decision‐making about pregnancy after transplantationConclusionUnderstanding patient perspectives can help transplant providers make better care recommendations and support patient autonomy in reproductive decisions post‐transplant. Given that there are some differences in views by transplant type, individualized conversations between patients and providers are needed.
A postcolonial Pannenberg? Mimicry, the law, and the cross of love
Authors: Yang Jae 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper employs the postcolonial concepts of mimicry and hybridity to interpret Wolfhart Pannenberg's understanding of the violence done to Jesus on the cross and the subversive reconciliatory love that it engenders. According to Pannenberg, although the man Jesus was crucified as blasphemer of the Jewish law, the resurrection vindicated Jesus so that the ones accusing Jesus were retroactively deemed to be the actual blasphemers. As a result, Jesus ended up dying not for his own alleged breaking of the law, but as an inclusive substitute for all blasphemers of God (through amour propre) deserving death. Thus, the resurrection confirmed Jesus’ divine identity and his earthly teaching that love supersedes and transforms the law. Applying the concept of mimicry to Pannenberg, on the cross the symbolic and semiotic are held together in tension for in mimicry the “not‐quite sameness” menaces the colonizer. The cross, ostensibly a symbolic sign of abjection, is mimicked by the suffering of Jesus and subverted through a practice of inclusive semiotic love which recapitulates sinful human life toward a life of transformed autonomy. Pannenberg displays a pseudo postcolonial understanding of subverting oppressive law into love. However, on account of his futurist ontology, the eschatological totality is underscored relative to formative experiences, leaving him vulnerable to postcolonial critiques of essentialism, which can reinscribe colonialism. I contend that Pannenberg employs a strategy of “strategic particularism” in which concepts such as mimicry and hybridity are helpful as hermeneutical tools but ultimately provisional and temporary relative to the whole.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus
Authors: Rossi Ana P. , Jesus Junior Waldir C. , Zauza Edival A. V. , Coutinho Marcos P. , dos Anjos Breno Benvindo , Moraes Willian Bucker 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia spp.) is one of the most damaging diseases of Eucalyptus species, and is responsible for substantial losses to producers. For efficient, scientifically‐based management of this disease, it is necessary to understand the various factors involved in its development, including greater knowledge of the epidemiology of the pathogen on Eucalyptus spp. This study aimed to determine the spatialtemporal dynamics of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus under natural infection conditions. An experiment was conducted in a commercial plantation in the municipality of Itinga, state of Maranhão, Brazil, using the clone FGCA0385 (Eucalyptus urophylla var. platyphylla). The study comprised of four plots composed of 450 plants each, subdivided into nine rows with 50 plants per row with a spacing of 3 × 3 m. Disease incidence was quantified over 1 year. The spatial dynamics of the disease was determined using the dispersion index, a modified Taylor law, and the analysis of the dynamics and structure of foci. For temporal dynamics, the curve of the disease incidence progress was plotted, and the data were analysed by simple linear regression analysis fitted to three empirical models: logistic, monomolecular, and Gompertz. The distribution pattern of Eucalyptus bacterial wilt was random, as confirmed by the Index of dispersion. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the foci, showed that 69 disease foci occurred, 44 of which were unitary, with an average number of plants per focus of 1.63. Foci had greater length in the direction of the planting line. The epidemics were best described by the monomolecular model, with an estimated incidence of Eucalyptus bacterial wilt of 27.77% in the fourth year of the study. According to the spatiotemporal dynamics of this work, management strategies such as eliminating symptomatic plants and crop renovation can be used based on economic viability.
Generalized pustular psoriasis: Quality and readability of online health information
Authors: Malik Rhea , Chen Jeffrey , Lau Charles , Sandoval Aaron , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a multisystem disease with potentially life‐threatening adverse effects. As patients increasingly seek health information online, and as the landscape for GPP changes, the quality of online health information (OHI) becomes progressively more important. This paper is the first of its kind to examine the quality, comprehensiveness and readability of online health information for GPP. Similar to pre‐existing studies evaluating OHI, this paper examines 5 key search terms for GPP‐ 3 medical and 2 laymen. For each search term, the results were evaluated based on HONcode accreditation, an enhanced DISCERN analysis and a number of readability indices. Of the 500 websites evaluated, 84 (16.8%) were HONcode‐accredited. Mean DISCERN scores of all websites were 74.9% and 38.6% for website reliability and treatment sections, respectively, demonstrating key gaps in comprehensiveness and reliability of GPP‐specific OHI. Additionally, only 4/100 websites (4%) analysed for readability were written at the NIH‐recommended sixth‐grade level. Academic websites were significantly more difficult to read than governmental websites. This further exacerbates the patient information gap, particularly for patients with low health literacy, who may already be at higher risk of not receiving timely medical care.
Long‐term policymaking and politicians' beliefs about voters: Evidence from a 3‐year panel study of politicians
Authors: Sheffer Lior , Loewen Peter John , Lucas Jack 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoliticians are required to make policy decisions that involve short‐term and long‐term tradeoffs, and existing theory largely expects election‐driven myopic thinking to dominate their reasoning when they do so. Direct evidence on this is surprisingly absent, leaving open questions on whether and when politicians do support future‐oriented policies, and what factors, beyond the shadow of elections, influence such choices. Responding to this gap, we report results of a multi‐year survey of more than 1500 elected politicians who faced an original decision task involving short‐term and long‐term solutions to a local policy problem. First, we show that politicians' theories of voting behavior—specifically, their beliefs about whether voters focus on the short or the long term—strongly predict their decisions when facing inter‐temporal policy tradeoffs. Second, we show that politicians are responsive to changes to short‐run costs associated with long‐term policy investments. Finally, we leverage the panel design of our study and find—in contrast to prevalent assumptions—no evidence that politicians' policy choices are related to their proximity to the next election. In doing so, we expand and refine the theoretical framework on inter‐temporal choice by policymakers, and outline a comparative research agenda for studying how politicians think about the future.