bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political legitimacy and vaccine hesitancy: Disability support workers in Australia
Authors: Dickinson Helen , Kavanagh Anne , Dimov Stefanie , Shields Marissa , McAllister Ashley 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
People with disability are an at-risk group in the COVID-19 pandemic for a range of clinical and socioeconomic reasons. In recognition of this, Australians with disability and those who work with them were prioritized in access to vaccination, but the vaccination targets were not met. In this paper, we analyze qualitative data generated from a survey with 368 disability support workers to identify drivers of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and why the implementation of this policy may have experienced challenges. We identify a range of themes within these data but ultimately argue that a major driver of vaccine hesitancy in this group is a mistrust of government and an erosion of employment terms and conditions. Drawing on the policy capacity literature, we argue that the “Achilles’ heel” for the Australian government in this case is the critical policy capacity of political legitimacy. This finding has important implications for where the government needs to increase/build policy capacity, strengthening its efforts and better relating to organizations that can be helpful in terms of developing public health messaging for disability support workers.
Relationship between red blood cell–related indices and coronary artery calcification
Authors: Jin Fulu , Chang Xiansong , Wang Xiaozhong , Xiong Hui , Wang Li , Zhang Bo , Wang Peiyu , Zhao Liangping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) indices such as RBC count and RBC distribution width (RDW) are associated with heart failure and coronary artery disease, but the relationship between RBC indices and coronary artery calcification (CAC) is unclear. This study aimed to investigate RBC indices’ correlation with, and predictive value for, the presence and severity of CAC.MethodsIn this study, 1257 hospitalized patients who received a coronary computed tomography angiography examination were finally selected. Patients were classified into a control group (without CAC, n = 655) and a calcification group (with CAC, n = 602) according to their CAC score. The calcification group was further divided into a low calcification group, medium calcification group, and high calcification group.ResultsIn the calcification group, the RBC count was lower, and the RDW-standard deviation (SD) and RDW-coefficient of variation (CV) were higher, than those in the control group (P &lt; .05). In the high calcification group, the RBC count was significantly lower, and the RDW-SD and RDW-CV were significantly higher, than those in the low calcification group (P &lt; .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RBC count, RDW-SD, and RDW-CV were independent predictors of CAC presence. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis also showed that RBC count and RDW-SD were independent predictors of severe CAC.ConclusionsRBC indices were significantly associated with the presence and severity of CAC, indicating that these RBC indices have the potential to be predictors of CAC.
Market Power and Spatial Competition in Rural India
Authors: Chatterjee Shoumitro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Market power of intermediaries contributes to the low incomes of farmers in India. I study the role of spatial competition between intermediaries in determining the prices that farmers receive in India by focusing on a law that restricts farmers to selling their goods to intermediaries in their own state. I show that the discontinuities in market power generated by the law translate into discontinuities in prices. Increasing spatial competition by one standard deviation causes prices received by farmers to increase by 6.4%. I propose and estimate a quantitative spatial model of bargaining and trade to shed light on spatial and aggregate implications. Estimates from the structural model suggest that removing the interstate trade restriction in India would increase competition between intermediaries. Thereby average farmer prices and their output would increase by at least 11% and 7%, respectively. The value of the national crop output would increase by at least 18%. However, there are distributional consequences as well, as some farmers stand to lose due to increased local production.
Exploratory study of the effects of sex and hormonal contraceptives on alertness, fatigue, and sleepiness of police officers on rotating shifts
Authors: Boivin Diane B , Caetano Gabriela M , Kervezee Laura , Gonzales-Aste Fernando , Boudreau Philippe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThis exploratory study assessed the impact of sex and hormonal contraceptives (HC) use on the homeostatic and diurnal variation of alertness, fatigue, sleepiness, psychomotor performance, and sleep behavior in police officers working rotating shifts.MethodsA total of 56 men and 20 women (6 using, 11 not using, and 3 with unknown use of HC) participated in an observational study throughout a month-long work cycle. Participants wore an actigraph, filled out a sleep and work log, answered questionnaires (Samn-Perelli, KSS, Visual Analogue Scales), and completed 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks (PVT) according to an ecological momentary assessment approach. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the effects of group (men, women, and HC use), time awake, and time of day on the dependent variables.ResultsSelf-reported parameters and performance significantly varied with time awake and time of day. Women were more fatigued and sleepier than men, when considering both time awake and time of day. Compared to men, women using HC were more fatigued, less alert, and sleepier. Women had less attention lapses than men after 7 and 17 h awake, although no main effect of HC was detected.ConclusionsWomen tended to rate themselves as more fatigued than men, especially when using HC. Surprisingly, psychomotor performances of women were sometimes better than those of men. This exploratory study indicates that sex and HC are important factors to consider in occupational medicine.
Investigating the Potential Antagonistic Effect of Babaco Mosaic Virus Against Papaya Ringspot Virus in Carica papaya
Authors: Cornejo-Franco Juan F. , Ruiz-Barzola Omar , Quito-Avila Diego F. 
Published: January 2023

The potential antagonistic effect of babaco mosaic virus (BabMV) against papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was investigated under greenhouse and field conditions. Carica papaya plants previously inoculated with BabMV were challenged with PRSV and monitored over time. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR showed an average 61% reduction of PRSV genomic RNA in BabMV-PRSV-infected plants compared with singly infected plants. However, there was no antagonistic effect in the phenotypic response to PRSV, as leaf symptoms associated with PRSV were not different in mixed infections of BabMV-PRSV compared with PRSV singly infected plants. Similar results were observed in the field, where PRSV was detected in 47.1% of plants previously inoculated with BabMV and showed severe leaf symptoms. Our findings show that BabMV does not act as an antagonist against PRSV in C. papaya. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Utility of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Identifying Clinically Significant Interactions Between St. John's Wort and Prescription Drugs
Authors: Steenkamp Vanessa , Parkar Hafiza , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The general population widely uses herbal medicines, as they are regarded as effective and safe. St. John's wort, which is an effective herbal antidepressant, exhibits both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with several drugs. The aim of this review was to highlight the clinically significant interactions of St. John's wort with drugs that require to be monitored to assess their therapeutic effect.

Methods:
Published literature was searched using electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, and Elsevier ScienceDirect using terms such as “herbal medicine,” “herbal toxicity,” “legislation herbal medicine,” “drug–herb interactions,” “St. John's wort,” and “St. John's wort–drug interactions.” Searches were limited to the English language, and there was no restriction on the date of publication.

Results:
St. John's wort exhibits a number of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with drugs. The most dangerous interactions occurred when used concurrently with the immunosuppressants, cyclosporine, and tacrolimus (treatment failure or organ rejection) or warfarin (treatment failure resulting in thromboembolic events) or antiretroviral agents (treatment failure and the emergence of new viral variants that are resistant to conventional drugs).

Conclusions:
Patients should consult their health care providers before consuming herbal supplements, especially St. John's wort, to avoid potentially dangerous drug–herb interactions.
Chelation Model Validation: Modeling of a Plutonium-238 Inhalation Incident Treated with DTPA at Los Alamos National Laboratory
Authors: Dumit Sara , Miller Guthrie , Poudel Deepesh , Bertelli Luiz , Klumpp John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accidental inhalation of plutonium at the workplace is a non-negligible risk, even when rigorous safety standards are in place. The intake and retention of plutonium in the human body may be a source of concern. Thus, if there is a suspicion of a significant intake of plutonium, medical countermeasures such as chelation treatment may be administered to the worker. The present work aimed to interpret the bioassay data of a worker involved in an inhalation incident due to a glovebox breach at Los Alamos National Laboratory’s plutonium facility. The worker was treated with intravenous injections of calcium salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in an attempt to reduce the amount of plutonium from the body and therefore reduce the internal radiation dose. It is well known in the internal dosimetry field that the administration of chelation treatment poses additional challenges to the dose assessment. Hence, a recently developed chelation model was used for the modeling of the bioassay data. The objectives of this work are to describe the incident, model the chelation-affected and non-affected bioassay data, estimate the plutonium intake, and assess the internal radiation dose.
Comparison of Semirigid and Rigid Lumbosacral Orthoses in Association with Routine Treatment of Pain, Fear of Movement, and Disability in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Hamrah Hanieh , Daryabor Aliyeh , Arazpour Mokhtar , Golchin Navid , Mohammadi Hassan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Disc protrusion, as a type of lumbar disc herniation, is one of the most common causes of acute lower back pain. Lumbosacral orthoses (LSOs) can be used as a conservative treatment along with routine treatment (physiotherapy and medication). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of routine therapy in association with two types of rigid and semirigid LSOs compared with routine treatment alone on pain, fear of movement, and disability in patients with herniated lumbar disc.

Materials and Methods
In this quasi-experimental study, 27 patients with lumbar disc herniation (protrusion type) were assigned into three groups including 1, semirigid LSO with routine treatment (n = 8); 2, rigid LSOs with routine treatment (n = 8); and 3, only routine treatment (n = 11). Before using any therapeutic interventions in each group, the pain, disability, and fear of movement were recorded using the visual analog scale, Oswestry questionnaire, and Tampa questionnaire, respectively. Patients in each group then used their allocated intervention for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, variables were recorded under the same protocol.

Results
In between-group comparison after 4 weeks, no significant difference was observed between them in all variables (P > 0.05). In intragroup comparison, in the group of routine treatment wearing semirigid LSO, a significant decrease in disability, pain, and fear of movement was observed after 4 weeks’ use of intervention compared with before (P < 0.05). Routine treatment using rigid LSO caused a significant reduction in pain and disability and use of routine treatment significantly reduced only disability score (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Based on the findings, no significant difference was found between interventions in measured outcomes. However, the use of physiotherapy and medication along with semirigid LSO improved all outcomes compared with before using.

Clinical Relevance
Both routine treatment alone and routine treatment along with an LSO can be used in people with herniated lumbar disc. Use of physiotherapy and medication along with semirigid LSO could improves pain, fear of movement, and disability in these patients.
Distance and Socieoeconomic Status as Barriers to Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Cheung Linnea L. , Fowler Alex , Hassarati Rachelle T. , Birman Catherine S. 
Published: January 2023

Objective
To assess the distance burden for access to cochlear implant (CI)–related services and to assess whether socioeconomic disadvantage or level of education and occupation influenced uptake of CIs.

Study Design
Retrospective case review.

Setting
A CI services provider operating across multiple centers.

Patients
All patients undergoing CI surgery in a 2-year period between March 2018 and February 2020.

Intervention(s)
Diagnosis of hearing loss, CI surgery, and subsequent habilitation and mapping.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Distance traveled by patients to their audiological diagnostic, CI surgery hospital, and habilitation sites; subjects' index of relative socioeconomic advantage and disadvantage (IRSAD) and index of education and occupation (IEO).

Results
n = 201 children and n = 623 adults. There was a significant difference across IRSAD domains for children (p < 0.0001) and adults (p < 0.0001), and IEO in children (p = 0.015) and adults (p < 0.0001) when tested for equal proportions. The median driving distance from home to the diagnostic audiological site for children was 20 km (mean, 69 km; range, 1–1184 km; upper quartile, 79 km; lower quartile, 8 km). There was no significant difference between the driving distances from home to the CI surgery hospital site, or the mapping/habilitation sites between children and adults. There was no correlation for age at first surgery and either IRSAD/IEO.

Conclusions
The burden of distance for access to CI in Australia is significant for the upper quartile who may not live within the large city centers. Greater consideration needs to be given regarding barriers to CI for those in lower socioeconomic and educational groups to ensure equity of access across different socioeconomic and educational level backgrounds.
Reporting of Sociodemographic Data in Cochlear Implant Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meinhardt Gerek , Sharrer Christine , Perez Nicole , Downes Alexandra , Davidowitz Tess , Schuh Marissa , Robinson Lauren , Lustig Lawrence R. , Bush Matthew 
Published: January 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the literature on the frequency of reporting of sociodemographic data (gender, race, ethnicity, education status, health insurance status, geographic location of residence, and socioeconomic status) among interventional clinical trials involving cochlear implant patients.

Databases Reviewed
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to identify peer reviewed research.

Methods
A systematic review was performed, which included original prospective clinical trial research studies involving cochlear implantation and/or interventional trials involving cochlear implant patients. Collected data included funding type, level of evidence, race reporting, ethnicity reporting, socioeconomic status reporting, education level reporting, type of insurance, geographic location, and gender of patients.

Results
A total of 644 articles were included for review. Gender was the most reported sociodemographic factor (70% of included studies). Reporting of other data among included studies was low: educational level (6%), socioeconomic status (2%), race (1%), ethnicity (1%), insurance status (0.3%), and geography (1%). The odds of reporting gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51), education (OR = 1.81), and geography (OR = 2.72) increased with each subsequent publication date decade; however, this trend was not seen for reporting of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or insurance. The reporting of gender was less likely to be reported in studies with the pediatric participants (OR = 0.62), level II evidence (OR = 0.14), and device programming interventional studies (OR = 0.26).

Conclusion
Reporting of sociodemographic data, other than gender, is low among prospective clinical trials involving cochlear implant patients. The lack of reporting of this key data may limit research rigor and generalizability. Clinical researchers are advised to prospectively collect these data to promote equity in cochlear implant research and clinical care.
Improved Prediction of Hearing Loss after Temporal Bone Fracture by Applying a Detailed Classification for Otic Capsule–Violating Fracture: A Wide Scope Analysis with Large Case Series
Authors: Park Euyhyun , Chang Young-Soo , Kim Bum-Joon , Chang Munyoung , Im Gi Jung , Choi June , Jung Hak Hyun , Rah Yoon Chan 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
This study aimed to analyze the predictability of temporal bone (TB) fracture-associated hearing loss by applying a detailed classification separating individual injury of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals (SCC).

Methods
In this retrospective study, patients with otic capsule–violating (OCV) fractures were further classified as OCV-C(VS) when the cochlea was involved regardless of vestibule or SCC involvement, OCV-V(S) when the vestibule was involved regardless of SCC involvement, and OCV-S when the fracture only involved SCC. Hearing changes were compared by applying the above-mentioned classification, and TB fracture-induced facial palsy was also analyzed.

Results
A total of 119 patients were included. Patients with OCV fractures had significantly worse bone conduction (BC) and air conduction (AC) thresholds (59.1 ± 25.3 and 87.0 ± 29.5 dB) than those with otic capsule–sparing (OCS) fractures (20.1 ± 17.9 and 36.5 ± 21.9 dB; p < 0.001 for each comparison). The BC and the AC thresholds of OCV-C(VS) (77.5 ± 11.0 and 114.2 ± 14.3 dB) and OCV-V(S) (69.3 ± 27.7 and 98.0 ± 22.2 dB) were significantly higher than OCV-S (40.1 ± 22.9 and 62.1 ± 25.6 dB; p < 0.001 for each comparison). The BC hearing thresholds were not significantly improved in the last pure tone audiometry when compared for total, OCV, or OCS cases. The AC threshold significantly improved in OCS cases. In a considerable number of cases with facial palsy, causative fracture lines involved the geniculate ganglion or tympanic segment without the involvement of the otic capsule. Most cases showed significant improvement; however, recovery was limited in cases with obvious fallopian canal disruption.

Conclusions
The cases with sole involvement of SCC had significantly better hearing thresholds than those with cochlear or vestibule involvement, even in OCV fracture cases.
CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluids of patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of Borrelia proteins in neuro infections
Authors: Karabörk Şeyda , Türkoğlu Şule Aydin , Yildiz Serpil , Sirmatel Fatma 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the purpose was to study anti-Borrelia antibodies with both ELISA and WB for the control of Lyme Disease in CSF samples obtained from patients diagnosed with MS, and to determine the relationship between them by investigating the CXCL13 levels. A total of 43 CSF samples taken from patients diagnosed with MS and PTS. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with the Spearman Rank Correlation Test and p<0.05 value was considered statistically significant. Especially 5 antigens (p19, p20, p21, p58, and OspC) were found to be positive as a result of the confirmation of the samples that were positive for Borrelia antibodies with the WB method. When the results of the study were evaluated, the Borrelia antibodies that were found positive by ELISA and high CXCL13 in CSF samples of MS patients proved once again that CXCL13 is still the best biomarker for LNB. The presence of Borrelia antibodies, which were found to be positive with the ELISA test in CSF samples of MS patients, was confirmed with WB. The coexistence of high CXCL13 levels in the same samples suggests that LNB may also play a role in the etiopathogenesis of MS and CXCL13 may be a potential biomarker in this respect. Also, with the positive detection of OspC and p58 WB bands in the majority of cases, we think that these two protein bands will shed light on borrelia studies in CSF in neurodegenerative diseases and can be used as a potential biomarker in diagnosis.
Bivalent mRNA vaccine improves antibody-mediated neutralization of many SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage variants
Authors: Jiang Nannan , Wang Li , Hatta Masato , Feng Chenchen , Currier Michael , Lin Xudong , Hossain Jaber , Cui Dan , Mann Brian R. , Kovacs Nicholas A. , Wang Wei , Atteberry Ginger , Wilson Malania , Chau Reina , Lacek Kristine A. , Paden Clinton R. , Hassell Norman , Rambo-Martin Benjamin , Barnes John R. , Kondor Rebecca J. , Self Wesley H. , Rhoads Jillian P. , Baughman Adrienne , Chappell James D. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Gibbs Kevin W. , Hager David N. , Lauring Adam S. , Surie Diya , McMorrow Meredith L. , Thornburg Natalie J. , Wentworth David E. , Zhou Bin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe early Omicron lineage variants evolved and gave rise to diverging lineages that fueled the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Bivalent mRNA vaccines, designed to broaden protection against circulating and future variants, were authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2022 and recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in September 2022. The impact of bivalent vaccination on eliciting neutralizing antibodies against homologous BA.4/BA.5 viruses as well as emerging heterologous viruses needs to be analyzed. In this study, we analyze the neutralizing activity of sera collected after a third dose of vaccination (2-6 weeks post monovalent booster) or a fourth dose of vaccination (2-7 weeks post bivalent booster) against 10 predominant/recent Omicron lineage viruses including BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BA.2.75, BA.2.75.2, BN.1, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1. The bivalent booster vaccination enhanced neutralizing antibody titers against all Omicron lineage viruses tested, including a 10-fold increase in neutralization of BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 viruses that predominated in the U.S. during the last two months of 2022. Overall, the data indicate the bivalent vaccine booster strengthens protection against Omicron lineage variants that evolved from BA.5 and BA.2 progenitors.