bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Emergency Department Use Between Pregnant People With and Without Disabilities in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Brown Hilary K. , Varner Catherine , Ray Joel G. , Scime Natalie V. , Fung Kinwah , Guttmann Astrid , Havercamp Susan M. , Vigod Simone N. , Lunsky Yona 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceEmergency department (ED) use in pregnancy is common and occurs for a variety of reasons, including obstetrical complications, exacerbated underlying conditions, and inadequate outpatient health care access. People with disabilities have elevated rates of certain medical, psychiatric, and obstetrical conditions as well as inadequate access to prenatal care; their risk of ED use in pregnancy is not known, however.ObjectiveTo compare the risk of ED use in pregnancy among people with physical, sensory, and intellectual or developmental disabilities with those without disabilities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based cohort study leveraging linked administrative health data sets in Ontario, Canada, April 2003 to March 2019. Analysis included all recognized pregnancies to people with a preexisting physical, sensory, intellectual or developmental, or 2 or more (multiple) disabilities, and those without a disability. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to January 2023.ExposureDisability was ascertained using algorithms applied to 2 or more outpatient physician visits or 1 or more ED visits or hospitalizations before conception.Main outcomes and measuresModified Poisson regression–generated adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% CIs for any ED visit in pregnancy, from the estimated conception date up to the end of the pregnancy, adjusted for age, parity, income quintile, rurality, immigrant status, and preexisting chronic conditions, mental illness, and substance use disorders.ResultsThe cohort included 2 659 895 pregnant people with physical (221 739 participants; mean [SD] age, 29.8 [6.1] years), sensory (71 891 participants; mean [SD] age, 29.1 [6.4] years), intellectual or developmental (3877 participants; mean [SD] age, 26.1 [6.7] years), and multiple disabilities (14 359 participants; mean [SD] age, 29.5 [6.5] years), and pregnant people without a disability (2 348 023 participants; mean [SD] age, 29.4 [5.9] years). The rate of ED visits in pregnancy was 25.4% in people without a disability (596 771 visits). Relative to these individuals, the aRR for ED use was elevated in people with physical (aRR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.25-1.27), sensory (aRR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.14-1.17), intellectual or developmental (aRR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28-1.38), and multiple disabilities (aRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.40-1.46).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this population-based study, people with disabilities were at elevated risk of ED use in pregnancy. This finding underscores the need for research on the benefits of proactive strategies to manage preexisting conditions in these individuals, improve their access to outpatient obstetrical and medical care, and prepare them for when ED visits occur.
Impact of lipid profiles on parenchymal hemorrhage and early outcome after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Li Jie , Long Ling , Zhang Heng , Zhang Junliu , Abulimiti Adilijiang , Abulajiang Nuerbiya , Lu Qingbo , Yan Wei , Nguyen Thanh N. , Cai Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of lipid parameters with parenchymal hemorrhage (PH) and early neurological improvement (ENI) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in stroke patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent MT between January 2019 and February 2022 at a tertiary stroke center. PH was diagnosed and classified as PH‐1 and PH‐2 according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study definition. ENI was defined as a decrease in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score by ≥8 or an NIHSS score of ≤1 at 24 h after MT.ResultsAmong 155 patients, PH occurred in 41 (26.5%) patients, and 34 (21.9%) patients achieved ENI. In multivariate analysis, lower triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL‐C) value (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.30–0.89; p = 0.017) and higher HDL‐C level (OR = 5.83; 95% CI 1.26–26.99; p = 0.024) were independently associated with PH. The combination of TG <0.77 mmol/L and HDL‐C ≥ 0.85 mmol/L was the strongest predictor of PH (OR = 10.73; 95% CI 2.89–39.87; p < 0.001). A low HDL‐C level was an independent predictor of ENI (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02–0.95; p = 0.045), and PH partially accounts for the failure of ENI in patients with higher HDL‐C levels (estimate: −0.05; 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.01; p = 0.016).InterpretationThe combination of lower TG level and higher HDL‐C level can predict PH after MT. Postprocedural PH partially accounts for the failure of ENI in patients with higher HDL‐C levels. Further studies into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this observation are of interest.
Magnetic Second‐Order Topological Insulator: An Experimentally Feasible 2D CrSiTe3
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Li Xiao‐Ping , Li Jianghua , Xie Chengwu , Wang Jianhua , Yuan Hongkuan , Wang Wenhong , Cheng Zhenxiang , Yu Zhi‐Ming , Zhang Gang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe3—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first‐principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐down channel. Based on the higher‐order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge () in the spin‐up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe3 monolayer are spin‐polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe3 monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin‐gapless semiconducting and half‐metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin‐up channel under these conditions.
Photochargeable Semiconductors: in “Dark Photocatalysis” and Beyond
Authors: Rogolino Andrea , Savateev Oleksandr 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotochargeable semiconductors enable energy harvesting and storage in a single material. Charges separated upon absorption of photons can accumulate in highly energetic trap states if morphology, size, and chemical composition are appropriately chosen. For example, electrons can survive for several hours if hole scavengers are used to prevent their recombination with photogenerated holes, and their negative charge is balanced by positive counter‐ions. The first database of charge‐storing semiconductors is recently released, containing information from more than 50 publications within the past 40 years. Now, the database has been updated with more than 90 entries from the latest works on the topic. These materials have been largely utilized in the context of “dark photocatalysis”, that is, redox reactions enabled by photocharged semiconductors long after cessation of light irradiation. Nevertheless, a variety of further potential applications have not received enough visibility, including memory storage, steel anti‐corrosion, sensors, and micromotors. In this review, the key figures of merit of photocharged semiconductors and the empirical relationships found between them is highlighted. After showing the latest advances in dark photocatalysis, it is discussed how other application fields may benefit from these materials. For each area, promising research directions based on the findings from the database are recommended.
High‐Speed Operation of Electrochemical Logic Circuits Depending on 3D Construction of Transistor Architectures
Authors: Moon Jung Woo , Lim Dong Un , Kim Young No , Kim Jung Hyun , Kim Jin Hyeon , Jo Sae Byeok , Cho Jeong Ho 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe emergence of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) has opened a new era of printable electronics and bioelectronics, due to their unique advantages including innately superior transconductance and biocompatibility. Despite the foreseeable advancements available from their further implementations in fundamental logic circuitry, however, insufficient operation speeds and short compatibilities to scaling‐down have so far hindered advanced integrations other than biosensing and biosignal amplifications. Here, a 3D‐construction‐dependent operational analysis of OECTs is reported, with which an all‐vertical architectural design enabled unprecedentedly high operating speed and a facile expansion to large‐area and high‐density 3D crossbar arrays. A simple vertical channel architecture completed with solid‐state Ag/AgCl top‐gate electrodes enables an ultrafast redistribution of ions within channels, yielding a state‐of‐the‐art operation frequency reaching 12 MHz V−1. Various printed logic circuit arrays, including NOT, NAND, and NOR gates, with high stability and reproducibility.
A Promising Radiation Thermal Protection Coating Based on Lamellar Porous Ca‐Cr co‐Doped Y3NbO7 Ceramic
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Fu Haoyang , Zou Yongchun , Wang Shuqi , Gao Yongwang , Yue Tongtong , Cao Jianyun , Wang Yaming , Qiu Jun , Zhao Junming , Ouyang Jiahu , Jia Dechang , Shuai Yong , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDissipation of heat efficiently from a hot object via radiation while minimizing the inward heat conduction is the key requirement of radiation thermal protection. In this study, a Ca‐Cr co‐doped Y3NbO7 coating with lamellar porous structure is fabricated, which shows an ultra‐low thermal conductivity (<0.7 W m−1 K−1) and near‐unity emissivity (>0.9) across a broad wavelength range of ≈1–24 µm. This record high emissivity to thermal conductivity ratio (≈1.3) is experimentally and theoretically revealed from a multi‐scale perspective. The diffusoin‐mediated thermal conduction feature of niobates combined with lamellar porous structure of the coating reduces its thermal conductivity to an impressive 0.5 W m−1 K−1 at 25 °C, surpassing the theoretical amorphous limitation of 0.72 W m−1 K−1. Experiments and FDTD calculation results demonstrate that the intrinsic emissivity dips at shallow extinction wavelengths (1 and 8 µm) and strong phonon‐polariton resonances wavelengths (>13 µm) can be effectively compensated by the multiple scattering/absorption and gradual modulation of conical shape/effective refractive index induced by surface micro‐protrusion structures, respectively. Furthermore, the coating exhibits robust mechanical and thermal stability with a high bonding strength (18.3 MPa) and thermal expansion coefficient (≈11 × 10−6 K−1 at 1200 °C) comparable to YSZ, showing great potential in the radiation thermal protection field.
Tailoring the Atomic‐Local Environment of Carbon Nanotube Tips for Selective H2O2 Electrosynthesis at High Current Densities
Authors: Long Yongde , Lin Jinguo , Ye Fenghui , Liu Wei , Wang Dan , Cheng Qingqing , Paul Rajib , Cheng Daojian , Mao Baoguang , Yan Riqing , Zhao Linjie , Liu Dong , Liu Feng , Hu Chuangang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe atomic‐local environment of catalytically active sites plays an important role in tuning the activity of carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts (C‐MFECs). However, the rational regulation of the environment is always impeded by synthetic limitations and insufficient understanding of the formation mechanism of the catalytic sites. Herein, the possible cleavage mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through the crossing points during ball‐milling is proposed, resulting in abundant CNT tips that are more susceptible to be modified by heteroatoms, achieving precise modulation of the atomic environment at the tips. The obtained CNTs with N,S‐rich tips (N,S‐TCNTs) exhibit a wide potential window of 0.59 V along with H2O2 selectivity for over 90.0%. Even using air as the O2 source, the flow cell system with N,S‐TCNTs catalyst attains high H2O2 productivity up to 30.37 mol gcat.−1 h−1@350 mA cm−2, superior to most reported C‐MFECs. From a practical point of view, a solid electrolyzer based on N,S‐TCNTs is further employed to realize the in‐situ continuous generation of pure H2O2 solution with high productivity (up to 4.35 mmol cm−2 h−1@300 mA cm−2; over 300 h). The CNTs with functionalized tips hold great promise for practical applications, even beyond H2O2 generation.
Flexible Optoelectronic Multimodal Proximity/Pressure/Temperature Sensors with Low Signal Interference
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Qi , Ma Shuqi , Xiao Jianliang , Liu Haitao , Pan Jing , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultimodal tactile sensors are a crucial part of intelligent human‐machine interaction and collaboration. Simultaneous detection of proximity, pressure, and temperature on a single sensor can greatly promote the safety, interactivity, and compactness of interaction systems. However, severe signal interference and complex decoupling algorithms hinder the actual applications. Here, this work reports a flexible optoelectronic multimodal sensor capable of detecting and decoupling proximity/pressure/temperature by integrating a light waveguide and an interdigital electrode (IDE) into a compact fibrous sensor. Negligible signal interference is realized by combining heterogeneous sensing mechanisms of optics and electronics, which encodes proximity into capacitance, pressure into light intensity and temperature into resistance. The sensor exhibits a large sensing distance of 225 mm with fast responses for proximity detection, a pressure sensitivity of 0.42 N−1, and a temperature sensitivity of 7% °C−1. As a proof of concept, a doll equipped with the sensor can accurately discriminate and detect various stimuli, thus achieving safe and immersive interactions with the user. This work opens up promising paths for self‐decoupled multimodal sensors and related human/machine/environment interaction applications.
On‐Chip Fluorescent Sensor for Chemical Vapor Detection
Authors: Wang Bo , Deng Zhuo , Fu Yanyan , Kerman Sarp , Xu Wei , Li Huizi , Liu Huan , He Qingguo , Chen Chang , Cheng Jiangong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic thin‐film fluorescent sensor is an efficient tool for detecting trace chemical vapor, such as illegal drugs, explosives, nerve agents, and other dangerous substances due to its high sensitivity and quick response. However, most of the current device structures rely on space optics, which makes it challenging to integrate with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and hence difficult for achieving chip‐level implementation. On the other hand, silicon nitride waveguide‐based photonics have recently shown strong potential for developing commercial‐scale fully integrated on‐chip gas sensors. In this work, to the best of the knowledge, the first chemical vapor detector based on fluorescence sensing is reported by the evanescent field of the waveguide on integrated photonic platform. By the simultaneous excitation and collection with the same waveguide, a detection limit of 0.19 and 93.7 ppb for methamphetamine and aniline, respectively, is achieved. Thanks to the good compatibility with CMOS fabrication processes, this on‐chip optical sensor can achieve production scalability as well as ease of integration with wearable electronic devices to meet the demands of portable, rapid detection. The technical route presented in this work provides a promising solution for compact, low‐cost fluorescence‐based gas sensors.
Extremely Large Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Concentric Circular Electrodes
Authors: Goyal Abhishake , Wang Dongze , Gao Jun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlanar polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with concentric circle electrodes are demonstrated. With a fixed outer electrode radius of 6.8 mm, the inner electrode radius is varied from 1 to 3 mm. All cells can be activated with a 40 V bias at 360 K. The extremely large electrode gap size allows for time‐lapsed imaging of the in situ electrochemical p‐ and n‐doping processes. When the advancing p‐ and n‐doping fronts meet, a light‐emitting junction in the shape of a jagged ring is formed near the center of the electrode gap. Reversing bias polarity pushes the light‐emitting junction outward to near the negative electrode. It is possible to achieve a perfectly centered emitting junction by fine tuning the inner electrode radius. The sensitivity of junction position to relative electrode radius indicates the p‐ and n‐doping reactions are strongly coupled. The concentric circular electrode configuration offers a cross sectional view of an LEC‐based light‐emitting fiber. In any fiber shaped light‐emitting device, the inner and outer electrodes always differ in size. This electrode asymmetry should be considered and exploited to achieve optimal cell performance.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Shortwave Infrared Up‐conversion Imaging Devices with Ultra‐high Refresh Rate and Excellent Resolution
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xu Shuaiquan , Ding Ke , Chen Shuai , Wang Jinwen , Wang Chaoqiang , Pan Jing , Zhang Xiujuan , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging devices have gained increasing importance in various fields, including security monitoring, biomedical imaging, advanced driver assistance, and semiconductor industry. However, complex technological processes of epitaxial growth and flip‐chip bonding hinder the development of high‐performance and low‐cost SWIR imaging devices. Herein, a novel organic–inorganic hybrid optical up‐conversion (OUC) imaging device by stacking a phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a NiSix/Si Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is developed. The pyramidal microstructures of silicon are utilized to greatly enhance light absorption of the NiSix/Si SBD, enabling the device to respond to a broadband SWIR light of 1064, 1310, and 1550 nm that are beyond the bandgap limit of silicon. Significantly, the device demonstrates excellent up‐conversion imaging behaviors at SWIR light with an ultra‐fast refresh rate of over 3000 Hz and a high‐resolution imaging capability of 508 ppi. This work paves the way toward the fabrication of high‐performance, low‐cost silicon‐based OUC devices for SWIR imaging applications.
Spectrally Stable Deep‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Wen , Chen Ji‐Yang , Zhao Long , Cui Tingting , Tan Wan‐Yi , Min Yonggang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFull‐color LED display requires Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 coordinates of (0.14, 0.08), based on the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) blue standard. However, such deep‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) still lag far behind in terms of device efficiency. Moreover, spectral stability remains a big challenge. To settle these issues, a kind of deep eutectic solvent (DES) is introduced as the perovskite precursor solvent additive, which is formed from a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) choline chloride and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) urea via the hydrogen bond interaction. The incorporation of DES has multiple advantages, shown as follows: 1) improves the solubility of CsCl to yield dense perovskite morphology, 2) inhibits the growth of the perovskite crystal to achieve low‐n phases with narrow distribution, and 3) stabilizes the halide anions in the lattice to ensure stable electroluminescence (EL) spectra. As a result, the as‐prepared PeLED shows the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 2.71% with a CIE coordinate of (0.134, 0.055). With the increase in the DES concentration, the spectra stability is also obviously enhanced.
Reconfigurable Spatiotemporal Optical Signal Processors
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhan Junjie , Shao Yifan , Wang Yubo , Dang Yongdi , Zhang Sen , Hernandez‐Figueroa Hugo E. , Ma Yungui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnalogue optical computing offers a promising approach for developing super‐fast computation techniques, benefiting from its extraordinary parallel processing capability, low energy consumption, and high integrability compared to digital electronic technologies. In this work, a reconfigurable spatiotemporal optical signal processor using the phase‐change material vanadium dioxide (VO2) to further expand the processing bandwidth and enrich the operation functions is demonstrated. As a specific example, a meta‐device is designed that can switch between a first‐order differentiator and a good reflector in the spatiotemporal domain by controlling the operation temperature. It is shown that the spatiotemporal transfer functions can be precisely engineered to meet the requirements for ideal first‐order differentiation and bright‐field imaging. This approach enables high‐accuracy spatial and temporal signal processing, as demonstrated by inspecting Gaussian signals. The theoretical evaluation determines the resolution limits of spatial and temporal edge detection. It also highlights that the device can perform spatiotemporal signal processing for pulses with complex profiles. The presented reconfigurable spatiotemporal optical signal processor holds great potential in applications such as remote sensing and fast imaging processing, among others.
Exceeding 10 000 h of Lifetime in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Introducing an Electron Leakage Pathway
Authors: Song You Na , Kang Sunwoo , Kim Taekyung 
Published: August 2023

Electron leakage is one of the most critical factors for the degradation of blue fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (FOLEDs), as it occurs when electrons injected from the cathode flow to an electron‐blocking layer (EBL) without being entirely consumed within an emissive layer (EML). To address this issue, this study introduces the concept of an electron leakage‐pathway (ELP). Anthracene core materials, used as hosts for blue FOLEDs were doped in the EBL to prevent its direct damage to the EBL molecules by constructing the ELP. This study shows that using an anthracene core with high bond dissociation energy (BDE) in the anionic state as the ELP is the most effective way to increase the lifetime of the FOLED, demonstrating over 400 h. of LT90 (the time taken for the luminance to decrease to 90% of its initial value), which corresponds to an increase of 33% compared to the lifetime without the ELP. Remarkably, under a commonly used brightness level of 500 cd m−2 in smartphones, an LT50 of over 10 000 h was obtained. Ultimately, this study outlines a strategy for increasing the lifetime of blue FOLEDs through simple modifications to the device structure, without requiring the development of EBL materials or complex device engineering.