bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis aguda de origen desconocido. Una serie de casos probables atendidos en un hospital pediátrico de referencia en Panamá
Authors: Nagore González Carlos , Esquivel Suman Raúl R. 
Published: September 2023

Introducción: Durante el año 2022 se objetivó un aumento de casos de hepatitis de origen desconocido en la población pediátrica. Su etiología a día de hoy todavía no ha sido esclarecida. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la clínica y los resultados de los análisis de laboratorio de los pacientes con hepatitis atendidos en el Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel durante el año 2022.

Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de 10 pacientes pediátricos con criterios de hepatitis aguda de origen desconocido atendidos en nuestro centro durante el año 2022. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de las principales variables clínicas, analíticas, demográficas, vacunales y serológicas.

Resultados: Se encontraron 10 pacientes, con una media de edad de 2,8 años. La clínica predominante ha sido la de ictericia, fiebre y clínica gastrointestinal. Analíticamente se ha detectado un aumento de los niveles de transaminasas así como de bilirrubina. Tan sólo un paciente contaba con historia de vacunación para el SARS-CoV-2. El principal agente etiológico identificado ha sido el adenovirus, encontrándose en el 40% de los casos.

Conclusiones: Los pediatras deben tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de hepatitis aguda de origen desconocido en pacientes con clínica de ictericia y fiebre, pudiendo asociar vómitos, diarrea, hepatomegalia, dolor abdominal y coluria, entre otros. La elevación de transaminasas (>500 U/L de AST o ALT) y bilirrubina debe aumentar el índice de sospecha. A pesar de que el principal agente etiológico parece guardar relación con el adenovirus, son necesarios más estudios para confirmar dicha hipótesis.
Hacia una ética menos restrictiva en Salud Pública
Authors: Vargas Pedro E. 
Published: September 2023

La incertidumbre, más que una debilidad es un desafío. Un desafío a la humildad, a la prudencia, a la honestidad. En la Medicina, la incertidumbre crea la obligación de encontrar la verdad, de primero no hacer daño, pero, antes que todo, de aceptarla como origen de la búsqueda y reflexión sobre lo actuado. Eso no indica que entre los pasos que se dan, se comentan errores o infortunadas decisiones.
Iron Isotope Constraints on the Structure of the Early Solar System
Authors: Marrocchi Yves , Piralla Maxime , Tissot François L. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recent advent of nontraditional isotopic systems has revealed that meteorites display a fundamental isotopic dichotomy between noncarbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (C) groups, which represent material from the inner and outer solar system, respectively. On the basis of iron isotope anomalies, this view has recently been challenged in favor of a circumsolar disk structured into three distinct reservoirs (the so-called isotopic trichotomy). In this scenario, the CI chondrites—a rare type of carbonaceous chondrites with chemical composition similar to that of the Sun’s photosphere—would sample a distinct source region than other carbonaceous chondrites, located beyond Saturn’s orbit. Here, we report a model based on the available data for both mass-dependent fractionation of Te stable isotopes and mass-independent Fe nucleosynthetic anomalies. On the basis of the Te–Fe isotopic correlation defined by all carbonaceous chondrites including CIs, we show that the NC-CC dichotomy extends to Fe isotopes. Our finding thus supports (i) the existence of only two reservoirs in the early solar system and (ii) the ubiquitous presence of CI-like dust throughout the carbonaceous reservoir. Our approach also reveals that the carrier phase of 54Fe anomalies corresponds to Fe–Ni metal beads mostly located within chondrules. Finally, we propose that the CC chondrule component records a constant mix of refractory inclusions and NC-like dust.
AT 2022aedm and a New Class of Luminous, Fast-cooling Transients in Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Nicholl M. , Srivastav S. , Fulton M. D. , Gomez S. , Huber M. E. , Oates S. R. , Ramsden P. , Rhodes L. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Aamer A. , Anderson J. P. , Bauer F. E. , Berger E. , de Boer T. , Chambers K. C. , Charalampopoulos P. , Chen T.-W. , Fender R. P. , Fraser M. , Gao H. , Green D. A. , Galbany L. , Gompertz B. P. , Gromadzki M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Howell D. A. , Inserra C. , Jonker P. G. , Kopsacheili M. , Lowe T. B. , Magnier E. A. , McCully C. , McGee S. L. , Moore T. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Newsome M. , Gonzalez E. Padilla , Pellegrino C. , Pessi T. , Pursiainen M. , Rest A. , Ridley E. J. , Shappee B. J. , Sheng X. , Smith G. P. , Terreran G. , Tucker M. A. , Vinkó J. , Wainscoat R. J. , Wiseman P. , Young D. R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the discovery and extensive follow-up of a remarkable fast-evolving optical transient, AT 2022aedm, detected by the Asteroid Terrestrial impact Last Alert Survey (ATLAS). In the ATLAS o band, AT 2022aedm exhibited a rise time of 9 ± 1 days, reaching a luminous peak with M

g
≈ −22 mag. It faded by 2 mag in the g band during the next 15 days. These timescales are consistent with other rapidly evolving transients, though the luminosity is extreme. Most surprisingly, the host galaxy is a massive elliptical with negligible current star formation. Radio and X-ray observations rule out a relativistic AT 2018cow–like explosion. A spectrum in the first few days after explosion showed short-lived He ii emission resembling young core-collapse supernovae, but obvious broad supernova features never developed; later spectra showed only a fast-cooling continuum and narrow, blueshifted absorption lines, possibly arising in a wind with v ≈ 2700 km s−1. We identify two further transients in the literature (Dougie in particular, as well as AT 2020bot) that share similarities in their luminosities, timescales, color evolution, and largely featureless spectra and propose that these may constitute a new class of transients: luminous fast coolers. All three events occurred in passive galaxies at offsets of ∼4–10 kpc from the nucleus, posing a challenge for progenitor models involving massive stars or black holes. The light curves and spectra appear to be consistent with shock breakout emission, though this mechanism is usually associated with core-collapse supernovae. The encounter of a star with a stellar-mass black hole may provide a promising alternative explanation.
Addressing the mental health needs of India’s aging population: Understanding depression prevalence and social risk factors in tertiary care outpatients
Authors: Rajkumar Joanne Lydia , Viggeswarapu Surekha , Kurian Suja , Nandyal Munaf B. , Gowri Mahasampath 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Depression is a major public health problem among older persons. Identifying the prevalence and recognizing modifiable risk factors of depression in older persons is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Apart from traditional risk factors, medical comorbidities, chronic illness, and social factors can contribute to depression in the older person. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the medical and social risk factors associated with depression in older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic.

Methods:
Consecutive patients aged over 60 years presented to the geriatric outpatient clinic of the Christian Medical College (CMC) and Hospital, Vellore, were screened using the Physical Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Medical, social, and financial information were collected. Following a detailed clinical interview, the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) was administered and the ICD-10 diagnosis of depression was derived.

Results:
A total of 171 participants were recruited. The prevalence of depression was found to be 53.2% with PHQ-2 and 35.6% with GDS. Using CIS-R, 41.5% had an ICD-10 diagnosis of depression. The risk factors associated with depression in older persons were female gender, financial insecurity, lack of pension, and financial dependence.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a high prevalence of depression among older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. Financial insecurities, particularly lack of pension or financial dependence, were identified as significant social risk factors for depression. Addressing these risk factors may help prevent the onset or progression of depression, thus improving their quality of life.
Periodontal health status among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age- and gender-matched controls
Authors: Satyanarayana Dantala , Kulkarni Suhas , Doshi Dolar , Reddy Madupu Padma , Khaled Sana , Srilatha Adepu 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share a pathogenic mechanism that involves activating and using inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils, which generate pathological changes in various tissues with a chronic degenerative outcome.

Aim:
the aim of this study was to assess and compare the periodontal health status among COPD patients with age- and gender-matched controls.

Materials and Methods:
All the patients aged >30 years who were diagnosed with COPD by the physician were included as cases, while people who are apparently healthy and age and gender matched with cases were included as controls. Data on demographic details, socioeconomic status (Kuppuswamy scale), deleterious oral habits, and oral hygiene practices were obtained. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the WHO basic oral health survey proforma (1997) were used to obtain the data on oral hygiene and periodontal status respectively.

Results:
Most cases had moderate COPD severity (58.25%). The overall mean OHI-S, CPI, and LOA were higher among cases (3.92 ± 0.95, 3.68 ± 0.60, and 2.33 ± 1.10, respectively) in comparison to controls. Further, among cases, the mean oral hygiene and periodontitis increased with increased severity of COPD. Although among both cases and controls, gender, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption influenced their periodontal status, significant odds of higher risk were seen only among cases. Further, subjects with COPD had higher odds of having poor oral hygiene, deeper pocket depths, and LOA.

Conclusion:
A strong association between COPD and periodontitis was observed. The oral hygiene and periodontal disease worsened with the severity of COPD.
Day of surgery admission in urology: Patient criteria and the organization required for same-day admission in urology: A retrospective study
Authors: Ambusaidi Hamed , Alshuaibi Muaath Khaled , Colau Alexandre , Dominique Inès , Mouton Martin , Sebe Philippe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
The day of surgery admission (DOSA) has been practiced in surgery for decades, with reports dating as far back as 1909. DOSA policy has potential benefits for the health system and the patient, especially when there is a shortage of health-care resources.

Objective:
This study aims to compare DOSA and standard prior admission (D-1) among patients who underwent major urological operations.

Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled a total of 206 patients who did not meet the criteria for day care surgery admission. The patients were divided into two groups: those admitted on the same day of surgery and those admitted the day before surgery. Among the participants, 111 (53.8%) were admitted on the same day, while 95 (46.2%) were admitted the day before surgery. We collected data from the electronic health records of these patients, documenting various variables, including patient demographics, type of surgery, admission type and date, intervention date, length of stay, complications, Clavien–Dindo score, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score.

Results:
We included a total of 206 patients who were admitted for operations in the urology department. The mean age was 70.5 years, and the majority was males (83.5%). Endoscopic procedures were the most common interventions (68%). The most ASA score for the enrolled patients was 2 (56.2%). DOSA was done for 53.8% of the patients, whereas the remaining patients were admitted 1 day before elective surgery. DOSA patients were significantly younger (P = 0.025), had a higher proportion of ASA score 1 (12.7%) and ASA score 3 (26.4%), had significantly fewer postoperative complications (P = 0.002), and had statistically significantly a shorter length of stay (P < 0.001) compared to D-1 admission patients.

Conclusion:
In our study, DOSA patients were younger, had a lower prevalence of comorbidities, utilized anticoagulants less frequently, experienced fewer complications, and had significantly shorter hospital stays. Since the DOSA policy is safe and has a lower financial and economic burden on the health-care system, we recommend more urological and surgical centers to implement it.
A MACH AIRSPEED WARNING SYSTEM IN COCKPIT
Authors: Sihombing Andre Wahyudi , Caesar Akbar Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

This research examines the Mach Airspeed Warning System on aircraft at PT. Batam
Aero Technic as a hangar or aircraft maintenance service provider registered with the
Ministry of Transportation. The Mach airspeed warning system supports an aural
warning system to help turn on the aircraft when the aircraft is in a condition exceeding
or approaching the airspeed limit which will later enter the Mach speed. The research
method used is descriptive and qualitative. Beginning with the experience of any
consequences related to the Mach Airspeed Warning System, then presenting solutions to
the potential hazards carried out by the author so that these potential hazards can be
reduced. The results of the study found 4 causes that made errors in Mach Airspeed.
On the Eve of the “Great Game”: Specifics of the Russian Empire’s Policy in Central Asia in the 18th to the First Half of the 19th Centuries
Authors: Zakharov Vitaliy Yu. , Suzdaleva Tatiana R. 
Published: September 2023

The article offers an analysis of the issues related to the policy of the Russian Empire in Central Asia during the 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries. Despite the seemingly thorough examination of this aspect of Russian foreign policy, there are still issues that want further investigation, clarification, or are subject to debate, particularly with regards to the period leading up to the mid-19th century. The article delves into the causes, chronological parameters, and participants of the Great Game, the methods employed by the parties to the conflict, the reasons for Russia’s relatively slow incursion into this region, as well as the attitude of the rulers of Central Asian states and the local populace towards the Russians and the British.
The authors conclude that initially, England’s main competitor in Central Asia was not Russia but France; the inception of the geopolitical conflict between Russia and UK should be dated back to 1800–1801, with its most active phase beginning in the 1830s. It’s also highlighted that the strategies employed by Britain and Russia bore similarities, combining both overt and covert diplomacy with the use of military force.
This article is aimed at educators and students interested in international relations in the Asian region from the 18th to the first half of the 19th centuries.
German Craft Culture in Saint Petersburg: Characteristics of Development in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Shaidurov Vladimir N. , Osipov Nikita A. , Kajryak Anna A. 
Published: September 2023

The handicraft industry remained an integral part of the mixed economy of the Russian Empire. Foreign artisans, primarily those of German descent, played a significant role in the capital cities from the 18th century onward. Most of these craftsmen relocated to Russia in response to an invitation from the Tsarist government. Around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, German artisans began forming professional communities (workshops) in St. Petersburg, falling under the jurisdiction of the German Craft Council. Initially, they were exempt from compulsory registration with the workshops and the payment of state and other taxes. The homogenization policy adopted by Emperor Nicholas I contributed to the formal integration of German craftsmen into the urban economy, gradually diminishing the existing disparities between them and Russian artisans.
This research aims to examine the characteristics of life and work of German artisans in St. Petersburg during the first half of the 19th century. It places particular emphasis on the analysis of the evolution of their legal status, as well as the evaluation of their professional, demographic, and social development. Special attention is paid to the practices of both vertical and horizontal mobility.
The foundation of this study rests on published statutes, regulations, and archival materials from the collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg. Many of these materials are being introduced into scientific discourse for the first time. The article is intended for specialists studying ethnic and professional groups within the urban population of the Russian Empire.
Orphanages on the National Outskirts of the Russian Empire: the Experience of the Syrdarya Regional Guardianship in Russian Turkestan
Authors: Brezhneva Svetlana N. 
Published: September 2023

Issues of charity, and in particular, orphanhood, were among the priorities of Russia’s imperial policy, which sought to extend these to the Turkestan Governor-Generalship established in 1867. This article analyzes the problems that arose in the Syrdarya regional guardianship and Tashkent orphanages at the turn of the 19th to 20th century. These problems concerned all aspects of children’s lives. The paper is based on archival material introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The research itself is grounded in the theory of frontier modernization, which stipulates the Russian Empire’s ambition to upgrade its national suburbs, raising them to its own level.
In the territory of the Syrdarya region there was the capital of the Turkestan Governor-Generalship situated – the city of Tashkent, where two orphanages operated under the Department of the Institutions of Empress Maria. As a result of the efforts made by the Syrdarya regional guardianship from 1895 to 1917 in the Kaufman and Alexander orphanages, the number of children cared for increased, supplies improved, new houses were built, the territory of the houses was expanded to include gardens and vegetable patches, and the medical care improved. By teaching children physical labor, educators contributed to the social adaptation of orphans. The only aspect that could not be ameliorated, and thus became a major issue for the department of young children of the Kaufman Orphanage, was a very high infant mortality rate, which continued to rise over the years.
Turkestan Urban Self-Government Institutions in the late 19th – Early 20th Century
Authors: Bochkareva Irina B. 
Published: September 2023

At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, the process of urbanization was actively advancing in the Russian Empire. The city reform of 1870 expanded the competence and representativeness of city self-government, represented by the City Duma, with the aim of involving the propertied into the initiative of the urban community addressing urban improvement issues. The development of urban self-government institutions in several cities in Turkestan adhered to the general course of modernization in the Russian Empire, while also reflecting the specific administration and socio-cultural environment of the region.
The author’s objective is to analyze the correlation between general imperial principles and regional specifics in the legal status and activity trends of city self-government bodies in Turkestan. In comparison with the general imperial practice, city self-government bodies were limited both in terms of spatial factors and in terms of their level of independence from the administration and the representativeness of the indigenous population. The Tashkent City Duma serves as a case to study that best aligns with the research objectives. The article examines the activities of the city self-government based on this example.
The predominance of the indigenous population in most cities of the region was the main reason for the reluctance of local administration to extend the city self-government system to other cities. Nevertheless, even in its limited form, city self-government served as another platform for interaction between two cultures, “tradition” and “modernity,” and as an instrument for the gradual modernization of Turkestan cities.
Experience of Tolerant Relationships among the Peoples of Uzbekistan (Using the Example of the Akmechet Mennonites of Khorezm)
Authors: Inoyatova Dilaram M. 
Published: September 2023

This article delves into the history of a group of Mennonites who migrated from Russia to Turkestan in the late 1870s. Utilizing a wide range of archival sources, publications, and oral history, the author analyzes the reasons for the Mennonites’ migration, their adaptation to new conditions drastically different from their previous locales. Special attention is given to the relationship between Mennonites and local residents on cultural and socio-economic levels.
Considering public administration within the Mennonite community, the author stresses the vital role played by the elected headman, or “forshteer”, who represented the administrative authority and maintained order in the settlement. The successful evolution of the Mennonite community hinged on his adept administration. Interestingly, this form of public administration bears similarities to the self-governing authorities of the “Mahalla” community, a system long-standing in Central Asia.
In conclusion, the author surmises that despite not knowing the language, customs, or culture of the local peoples, with the support of the Khan and Khiva neighbors, the Akmechet Mennonite diaspora managed to settle quite well, leaving a positive imprint in the region.
The experience of tolerant relationships among the peoples of Uzbekistan towards migrants, which resulted in cordial neighborly relations, can still be useful today, in this challenging global climate.