bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral costal artery as a culprit for the steal phenomenon after coronary artery bypass grafting: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Trebišovský Michal , Homola Marián , Kolesár Adrián , Lukačin Štefan , Bereš Anton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) has been widely accepted as the standard for revascularizing the left anterior descending artery during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. However, in 10–20% of cases, the LITA may lead to unsecured side branches to the chest wall, particularly the lateral costal artery (LCA), potentially resulting in postoperative chest angina.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 58-year-old patient who experienced persistent angina eight months after having undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to the steal phenomenon caused by a thick lateral costal artery (LCA). The LCA was found to be 2/3 the diameter of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) with the decision to obliterate the LCA. Following LCA obliteration, the patient’s exertional angina was resolved.

Conclusions
LCA may pose a potential issue in terms of coronary steal after CABG. Understanding the anatomy of the LITA with LCA variation and widening the opening of the pleura may be beneficial in preventing postoperative steal in selected cases.
Multimodal management and complete resection of invasive Type B3 thymoma with vascular reconstruction: a case report
Authors: Chan Puiyee Sophia , Patel Akshay J. , Lucchese Gianluca , Bille Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare anterior mediastinal tumours, accounting for 0.2–1.5% of all cancers. Surgical resection is key to treatment, though invasion of surrounding structures like great vessels can complicate this. This case report details the management of a type B3 thymoma (T4 N0 M0) in a 41-year-old male.

Case report
A 41-year-old male presented with myasthenic symptoms and was diagnosed with a large thymic mass involving the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava. After 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, partial resection was performed, followed by radiotherapy. Residual disease led to a second surgery, during which tumour resection and vascular reconstruction using cardiopulmonary bypass were successfully completed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.

Discussion
Complete resection, including re-resection, when necessary, is crucial for improved outcomes in thymoma patients. Even with great vessel invasion, aggressive surgery, coupled with chemotherapy and vascular reconstruction, can achieve good survival outcomes.

Conclusion
Multimodal management, including chemotherapy, complete resection, and vascular reconstruction, offers the best prognosis for invasive thymomas, even with great vessel involvement.
Construction of machine learning-based models for screening the high-risk patients with gastric precancerous lesions
Authors: Yu Shuxian , Jiang Haiyang , Xia Jing , Gu Jie , Chen Mengting , Wang Yan , Zhao Xiaohong , Liao Zehua , Zeng Puhua , Xie Tian , Sui Xinbing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The individualized prediction and discrimination of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) is critical for the early prevention of gastric cancer (GC). However, accurate non-invasive methods for distinguishing between PLGC and GC are currently lacking. This study therefore aimed to develop a risk prediction model by machine learning and deep learning techniques to aid the early diagnosis of GC.

Methods
In this study, a total of 2229 subjects were recruited from nine tertiary hospitals between October 2022 and November 2023. We designed a comprehensive questionnaire, identified statistically significant factors, and created a web-based column chart. Then, a risk prediction model was subsequently developed by machine learning techniques. In addition, a tongue image-based risk prediction model was established by deep learning algorithms.

Results
Based on logistic regression analysis, a dynamic web-based nomogram was developed and it is freely accessible at: https://yz6677.shinyapps.io/GC67/. Then, the prediction model was established using ten different machine learning algorithms and the Random Forest (RF) model achieved the highest accuracy at 85.65%. According with the predictive results, the top 10 key risk factors were age, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution type, tongue coating color, tongue color, irregular meals, pickled food, greasy fur, over-hot eating habit, anxiety and sleep onset latency. These factors are all significant risk indicators for the progression of PLGC patients to GC patients. Subsequently, the Swin Transformer architecture was used to develop a tongue image-based model for predicting the risk for progression of PLGC. The verification set showed an accuracy of 73.33% and an area under curve (AUC) greater than 0.8 across all models.

Conclusions
Our study developed machine learning and deep learning-based models for predicting the risk for progression of PLGC to GC, which will offer the assistance to determine the high-risk patients from PLGC and improve the early diagnosis of GC.

Graphical Abstract
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals distinct pathophysiological trophoblast signatures in spontaneous preterm birth subtypes
Authors: Uhm Cherilyn , Gu Jianlei , Ju Weina , Pizzella Stephanie , Oktay Hande , Peng Joyce Yao-Chun , Guariglia Sararose , Liu Yong , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Yong , Menon Ramkumar , Zhong Nanbert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) poses significant challenges, affecting neonatal health and neurodevelopmental outcomes worldwide. The specific effects of placental trophoblasts on the pathological development of sPTB subtypes—preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes (pPROM) and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL)—are not fully understood, making it crucial to uncover these impacts for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing, we investigated transcriptomic and cellular differences at the maternal–fetal interface in pPROM and sPTL placentas. Our findings revealed distinct trophoblast compositions with pPROM characterized predominantly by extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), while sPTL showed an abundance of syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs). Through cell differentiation and cell-to-cell communication analyses, other distinguishing factors were also found. In pPROM, heightened inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysregulation with key pathways including tumor necrosis factor signaling, matrix metalloproteinase activation, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion, highlighted an invasive EVT profile potentially driven by hypoxic conditions and immune cell recruitment. In contrast, sPTL was marked by increased smooth muscle contraction, vascular remodeling, and altered signaling dynamics involving fibroblasts, including TGF-β and WNT pathways. Our study highlights the critical need to distinguish sPTB subtypes to improve diagnostic precision and therapeutic targeting. The molecular insights gained provide a foundation for future investigations aimed at functional validation of key pathways and exploration of trophoblasts on the development of sPTB. Ultimately, these findings pave the way for more personalized and effective interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes associated with preterm birth.
A cohort-based multi-omics identifies nuclear translocation of eIF5B /PD-L1/CD44 complex as the target to overcome Osimertinib resistance of ARID1A-deficient lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sun Dantong , Hou Helei , Feng Feiyue , Wu Weizheng , Tan Jingyu , Xie Tongji , Liu Jiayu , Wang Jinsong , Qian Haili , Li Junling , Xing Puyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Osimertinib has emerged as a critical element in the treatment landscape following recent clinical trials. Further investigation into the mechanisms driving resistance to Osimertinib is necessary to address the restricted treatment options and survival advantages that are compromised by resistance in patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods
Spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were utilized to investigate the mechanisms of Osimertinib resistance. Co-IP, MS, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, RIP-seq, and ATAC-seq were performed in cell lines to further explore the mechanism. To validate the findings, in vitro and in vivo molecular experiments were conducted.

Results
We found that the ARID1A deficiency results in resistance to Osimertinib by hindering programmed cell death through the EZH2/PTEN/E2F1 axis. This altered axis influences PD-L1 transcription through E2F1-mediated promoter activation and PD-L1 translation via the MDM2/eIF5B/PD-L1 axis. Subsequently, ARID1A deficiency results in increased expression of eIF5B and Importin-β1, promoting PD-L1 nuclear-translocation. The nuclear PD-L1 (nPD-L1) interacts with CD44, leading to nPD-L1 complex formation, activation of the RASGEF1A promoter, initiation of the Ras pathway, and contributing to Osimertinib resistance. Targeting the transcription, translation and nuclear-translocation of PD-L1 using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) overcomes ARID1A deficiency-induced resistance.

Conclusion
ARID1A deficiency promotes PD-L1 nuclear translocation and induces Osimertinib resistance.
A germline FLT3 variant in aplastic anemia
Authors: Amaeshi Lemchukwu C. , Sofianidi Amalia A. , Shastri Aditi , Goldfinger Mendel , Konopleva Marina , Verma Amit K. , Chaitowitz Mark , Mantzaris Ioannis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) genetic variants are commonly seen in high-grade myeloid neoplasms and are typically gain-of-function mutations associated with a proliferative disease phenotype. Inactivating FLT3 variants have been less frequently described in non-malignant, autoimmune disorders and are uncommon in aplastic anemia (AA). Herein, we report the first to our knowledge, and unusual case of a germline, gain-of-function, FLT3 variant in a patient with severe AA treated successfully with immunosuppressive therapy. Although a proposed link between dysregulated FLT3 signaling and autoimmunity has been described and could be speculated in the case of AA, it is currently unknown whether a pathogenetic connection between an activating germline FLT3 variant and AA truly exists and whether the mutation signifies a lifelong risk of disease recurrence and/or clonal evolution. However, the recognition of the FLT3 gene as subject not only to somatic but also germline mutations is the first step in interrogating its functional implications. Further study of unusual genotype-phenotype combinations, such as in the case presented, may shed light on a potential pathogenetic link.
Field study on the suitability of oral fluid samples for monitoring of Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae by multiplex qPCR under field conditions
Authors: Eddicks Matthias , Reiner Gerald , Junker Sigena , Willems Hermann , Becker Sabrina , Stadler Julia , Hagn Josefine , Ritzmann Mathias 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Monitoring or surveillance of infectious diseases is crucial in terms of herd health management of livestock. Investigations of oral fluids have become an animal friendly routine strategy to monitor respiratory pathogens in pigs. Less is known about the suitability of oral fluids for the detection of enteric pathogens in swine. In the present study we evaluated the use of oral fluids to monitor B. hyodysenteriae and L. intracellularis compared to pooled fecal samples by multiplex qPCR in a pen-wise follow-up of fattening pigs. Therefore, we collected oral fluids at an age of 12, 16 and 20 weeks of life and compared them to pooled fecal samples collected from the same pens on two fattening farms.

Results
Cohen´s Kappa analysis revealed a substantial agreement between oral fluids and pooled fecal samples on pen level (Cohen´s Kappa: 0.745; p < 0.001). DNA-loads of L. intracellularis were tendentially higher (p = 0.053) in pooled fecal samples than in the corresponding OFs.

Conclusions
The present study shows that oral fluids are an appropriate tool to monitor B. hyodysenteriae and L. intracellularis on conventional fattening farms under field conditions. However, multiple pen testing should be conducted to increase the diagnostic performance and sensitivity.
Identification of ketamine and norketamine in dried bloodstains on crime-scene surfaces
Authors: Nathan Risha Jasmine , Okeleye Babajide , Abdullahi Rabiu , Oyebode Waliyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Toxicological analysis of dried bloodstains (DBS) provides critical information for reconstructing the sequence of events at a crime scene. Drugs have higher stability in DBS relative to liquid blood owing to the arrest of enzymatic reactions in dehydrated samples. However, literature on the identification of ketamine and its metabolites in DBS is limited and is mostly focussed on the analysis of bloodstains collected on paper cards. The present study has analysed the stability of ketamine and norketamine in DBS aged on common crime scene surfaces under various storage temperatures. Coloured linen fabric and glass slide, representing porous and non-porous surfaces, respectively, were stained with a defined volume of drug-fortified whole blood and stored at room temperature (20 °C), in the refrigerator (4 °C), and freezer (− 20 °C) for 1, 7, and 14 days. Analytes were solvent-extracted using a dichloromethane: hexane (1:3 v/v) mixture, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis with ketamine-d4 as the internal standard.

Results
At least 4.3 ng/mL and 8.7 ng/mL ketamine and norketamine, respectively, were detected in dried stains prepared from 5 to 50 µL whole blood corresponding to a concentration range of 10–100 ng/mL. The GC–MS method was linear in this range with a coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.99. Recovery of the analytes was comparable (~ 100–120%) between DBS porous and whole blood, whereas it was considerably lower (~ 50%) in DBS non-porous samples due to the incomplete transfer of the stains from the glass into the extraction solvent mixture. Analyte response in DBS showed a strong correlation with that in whole blood at four concentration levels (0.1–5 µg/mL). Mean precision values (% CV) for biological and technical replicates (n = 5) were 15.0 and 6.5, respectively, and within an acceptable range.

Conclusions
The developed method for the analysis of ketamine and norketamine in DBS is comparable to that in other biological matrices such as whole blood under short-term storage conditions. Lower temperatures are favourable for maintaining the integrity of the samples; however, the bloodstains must be completely dried before storing them in the refrigerator or freezer for short-term (1–7 days) to prevent hydrolytic degradation of drugs.

Graphical Abstract
Molecular genotyping revealed the gene flow of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici clonal lineage from Uzbekistan of Central Asia to Xinjiang of China
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Ma Jinbiao , Chen Wenbing , Zhang Bingbing , Turakulov Khurshid S. , Li Li , Egamberdieva Dilfuza , Karimjonovich Meliev Sodir , Kang Zhensheng , Zhao Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an air-borne fungal disease, and its spores can be spread far away from its origin to colonize in new territory, causing inter-regional epidemics. Xinjiang not only is an important and independent epidemic region from other stripe rust epidemiological regions in China but also has distinguished Pst genetic structure and spatial features. However, the inoculum source of the rust in Xinjiang has remained unknown. It is not clear whether inocula in Central Asian countries migrate to Xinjiang and whether mutual gene flows possibly occur between both regions. We conducted a comparative population study of Pst populations in Xinjiang and Uzbekistan to better understand the Pst migration pattern and inoculum source of the rust in Xinjiang. Our results revealed high genetic diversity in Xinjiang (0.86, 63 MLGs out of 207 samples), compared with the Uzbekistan population (0.76, 47 MLGs out of 255 samples). Our analyses uncovered the clear migration of Uzbekistan Pst populations to Northwest Xinjiang, which is in proximity to Central Asia. The migration of clonal lineage could cause genetic drift and potential threat changing the genetic structure and virulence pattern of Pst in China. Further studies need to be conducted in the Xinjiang region to understand and evaluate the behavior of foreign genotypes in the local environment and their overall impact on local wheat crops.
How to monitor and discriminate the causes of lower limb swelling during home-based rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty? A delphi study
Authors: Yang Lin , Li Hui-Wu , Zhai Zan-Jing , Wang Cai-Feng , Wu Bei-Ying , Zhou Jia , Bian Wei-Wei , Ruan Hong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
Swelling in the lower limbs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) affects surgical outcomes. Prolonged swelling requires monitoring and remote management during home-based rehabilitation. Causes of swelling vary but, so far, no indicators are available to monitor and identify causes of lower limb swelling, making it difficult to implement targeted interventions. This study aimed to find the indicators to monitor and identify the causes of lower limb swelling during home-based rehabilitation after TKA by literature research and consulting experts from various disciplines.

Methods
The Delphi method was used. Based on literature research and analysis, a set of candidate indicators was developed. Fifteen experts from different disciplines evaluated the validity of the indicators and provided modification suggestions.

Results
After two rounds of Delphi consultations, consensus was reached. Agreement scores ranged from 4.40 to 5.00, with low variability (standard deviation 0.00–0.91) and high consistency (coefficient of variation 0.00–0.20). P was less than 0.05 in Kendall’s W with an agreement rate of 80.00–100%. In the final set of indicators, there were five primary indicators (representing four swelling causes and a general category), along with 23 secondary indicators and 40 tertiary indicators.

Conclusions
This study preliminarily established indicators for at-home identification of post-TKA swelling caused by four distinct reasons. Further research is needed to validate the value of these indicators in distinguishing the causes of swelling.
Gelling, textural, and sensory properties of grass jelly formulated with different starches
Authors: Zhou Shiyun , Meenu Maninder , Xu Baojun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStarch from different sources exhibits different properties when used as an ingredient for developing a food. There are many recipes reported to produce grass jellies from different starches. However, the impact of starch from a particular source on the quality of grass jelly has not been explored untill now. Thus, in present study, blume polysaccharide extract from mesona herb was mixed with starch slurries from 14 different sources while boiling to prepare grass jellies. These grass jellies were further investigated for their microstructure, color, cohesiveness, gumminess, hardness, springiness, and chewiness to explore the impact of starch source of grass jellies quality. Among all the starches, the pea starch-based grass jelly presented the highest texture qualities in terms of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Whereas corn starch-based grass jelly exhibited higher values for cohesiveness and springiness. Overall, grass jelly formulated with pea and corn starch performed well in terms of texture properties analysis among other samples. The canna grass jelly was the most preferred by panelists in terms of sensory properties. All samples showed to have a network structure under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The color of all jelly samples was dark and an insignificant difference was observed in color values of all the samples. Based on all parameters discussed in this study, pea starch, corn starch and canna starch are highly preferred for producing grass jelly from Chinese dry mesona herb. As the grass jellies formulated with pea starch, corn starch, and canna starch exhibit improved quality parameters, more studies need to be conducted to further explore the optimal proportion of these starches and herbal extracts as well as their impact on gelation for developing novel grass jellies. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of formulated grass jelly samples also need to be explored to understand addition properties. It is also important to explore the reason behind the high values for the textual properties of pea starch grass jelly compared to 13 other grass jelly samples formulated with different starch sources.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of ketamine on anxiety: findings from the Ketamine for Adult Depression Study
Authors: Mills Natalie T , Nikolin Stevan , Glozier Nick , Barton David , Baune Bernhard T , Fitzgerald Paul B , Glue Paul , Sarma Shanthi , Rodgers Anthony , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Alonzo Angelo , Dong Vanessa , Martin Donel , Mitchell Philip B , Berk Michael , Carter Gregory , Hackett Maree L , Somogyi Andrew A. , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Chatterton Mary Lou , Hood Sean , Loo Colleen K. 
Published: January 2025

Background
Anxiety disorders and treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) are often comorbid. Studies suggest ketamine has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

Aims
To investigate if subcutaneous racemic ketamine, delivered twice weekly for 4 weeks, reduces anxiety in people with TRD.

Method
The Ketamine for Adult Depression Study was a multisite 4-week randomised, double-blind, active (midazolam)-controlled trial. The study initially used fixed low dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg, cohort 1), before protocol revision to flexible, response-guided dosing (0.5–0.9 mg/kg, cohort 2). This secondary analysis assessed anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) scale (primary measure) and ‘inner tension’ item 3 of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), at baseline, 4 weeks (end treatment) and 4 weeks after treatment end. Analyses of change in anxiety between ketamine and midazolam groups included all participants who received at least one treatment (n = 174), with a mixed effects repeated measures model used to assess the primary anxiety measure. The trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12616001096448).

Results
In cohort 1 (n = 68) the reduction in HAM-A score was not statistically significant: −1.4 (95% CI [−8.6, 3.2], P = 0.37), whereas a significant reduction was seen for cohort 2 (n = 106) of −4.0 (95% CI [−10.6, −1.9], P = 0.0058), favouring ketamine over midazolam. These effects were mediated by total MADRS and were not maintained at 4 weeks after treatment end. MADRS item 3 was also significantly reduced in cohort 2 (P = 0.026) but not cohort 1 (P = 0.96).

Conclusion
Ketamine reduces anxiety in people with TRD when administered subcutaneously in adequate doses.