bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Control Study in Healthy Adult Smokers to Assess Reduced Exposure to Selected Cigarette Smoke Constituents in Switching to the Novel Heated Tobacco Product DT3.0a
Authors: Nishihara Daisuke , Yuki Dai , Suzuki Takuya , Sakaguchi Chikako , Nagata Yasufumi , Kakehi Aoi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis was a randomized, controlled, open‐label, confinement study to assess change in exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in healthy adult cigarette smokers who switched to using a novel heated tobacco product (direct heating tobacco system, platform 3, generation 3, version a [DT3.0a]). Sixty nonmenthol cigarette smokers were randomized into 1 of the 4 study groups in which subjects switched to a nonmenthol type of tobacco stick used with DT3.0a, switched to a nonmenthol tobacco stick used with an in‐market heated tobacco product device (THS), continued to smoke nonmenthol cigarettes, or stopped smoking. Furthermore, 30 menthol cigarette smokers were randomized into 1 of the 2 study groups in which subjects switched to a menthol tobacco stick used with DT3.0a (mDT3.0a) or continued to smoke menthol cigarettes. Fifteen biomarkers of exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) were measured during the 5‐day exposure period, followed by assessment of nicotine pharmacokinetics with the assigned product. Results indicated that switching to DT3.0a, THS, and mDT3.0a showed significant exposure reductions in most of the selected HPHCs as compared to continuing smoking cigarettes, with reductions being similar in magnitude to reductions observed with smoking cessation. For DT3.0a and mDT3.0a, nicotine pharmacokinetic parameters were not remarkably different from those obtained for cigarettes and the THS except that a longer time to maximum concentration was obtained following use of the mDT3.0a. In conclusion, switching from smoking cigarettes to DT3.0a or THS use reduced exposure to most of the selected HPHCs, and no remarkable differences were observed for the measurements obtained from different flavors of DT3.0a stick.
Effectiveness of intraoral splints in the treatment of migraine and tension‐type headache: A systematic review
Authors: Martínez‐Álvarez Olga , Wojtovicz Eduardo , Luís De la Hoz Jose , Mesa Juan , Armijo‐Olivo Susan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe main objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of intraoral splints in treating migraine and tension‐type headaches.Material and MethodsThe article search was conducted within seven electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL PLUS with full text, Cochrane Library Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus) with no date limits or language restrictions up to June 12, 2022. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were set for article selection. At the same time as data extraction, each study's risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane tool to assess their RoB. Subsequently, the Cochrane Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence.ResultsFour controlled clinical trials were included. These trials were heterogeneous in terms of (1) diagnosis, (2) design of the intraoral splints, and (3) tools for reporting the results, which made it difficult to compile the data as well as evaluate its quality. Trials reported a reduction in the frequency of headache and pain intensity when using intraoral splints; however, this therapy was not superior to medications.ConclusionsThe evidence is very low for the use of oral splints as a therapeutic alternative to medication in the treatment of migraine and/or tension‐type headache.
Fast Depolymerization of PET Bottle Mediated by Microwave Pre‐Treatment and An Engineered PETase
Authors: Guo Boyang , Lopez‐Lorenzo Ximena , Fang Yuan , Bäckström Eva , Capezza Antonio Jose , Vanga Sudarsan Reddy , Furó István , Hakkarainen Minna , Syrén Per‐Olof 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the groups of Prof. Minna Hakkarainen, Prof. István Furó and Assoc. Prof. Per‐Olof Syrén at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The image shows how microwave irradiation is an efficient pre‐treatment method of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for subsequent biocatalytic depolymerization. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300742.
Active power decoupling scheme of symmetrical LCL structure in single‐phase grid‐connected voltage source inverter for ultra‐high voltage transmission
Authors: Luo Jiacheng , Zhang Bo , Xiao Wenxun , Xie Fan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe voltage source converter (VSC) is an important component of ultra‐high voltage (UHV) technology, where the former is responsible for converting new energy sources into electricity and the latter enables the transmission of electricity over long distances. However, the VSC has a serious problem of oscillation power under three‐phase unbalance, which comes from the single‐phase voltage source inverter (VSI) that is the basic structure of VSC. So there is always the requirement for active power decoupling (APD). Conventional passive solutions increase the overall size significantly, and existing active solutions either require the addition of a decoupling topology or rely strongly on their own original topology and more complex control. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes an improved APD method with a combination of topology‐type and control‐type decoupling features for single‐phase VSI based on the symmetrical LCL filter for solving the power oscillation problem of VSC at the source. The proposed structure can decrease common mode interference and can absorb the oscillation power by the original filter capacitors of the LCL filter. Besides, the original circuit components can be reused, and the decoupling is simple enough to achieve APD without affecting the full bridge control. Next, the control is optimized to reduce the compensation error and input voltage. Finally, the experimental device is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The carotenoid redshift: Physical basis and implications for visual signaling
Authors: McCoy Dakota E. , Shultz Allison J. , Dall Jacqueline E. , Dionne Jennifer A. , Johnsen Sönke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarotenoid pigments are the basis for much red, orange, and yellow coloration in nature and central to visual signaling. However, as pigment concentration increases, carotenoid signals not only darken and become more saturated but they also redshift; for example, orange pigments can look red at higher concentration. This occurs because light experiences exponential attenuation, and carotenoid‐based signals have spectrally asymmetric reflectance in the visible range. Adding pigment disproportionately affects the high‐absorbance regions of the reflectance spectra, which redshifts the perceived hue. This carotenoid redshift is substantial and perceivable by animal observers. In addition, beyond pigment concentration, anything that increases the path length of light through pigment causes this redshift (including optical nano‐ and microstructures). For example, male Ramphocelus tanagers appear redder than females, despite the same population and concentration of carotenoids, due to microstructures that enhance light–pigment interaction. This mechanism of carotenoid redshift has sensory and evolutionary consequences for honest signaling in that structures that redshift carotenoid ornaments may decrease signal honesty. More generally, nearly all colorful signals vary in hue, saturation, and brightness as light–pigment interactions change, due to spectrally asymmetrical reflectance within the visible range of the relevant species. Therefore, the three attributes of color need to be considered together in studies of honest visual signaling.
Autumn migration of black‐necked crane (Grus nigricollis) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan and Yunnan‐Guizhou plateaus
Authors: Pu Zhen , Guo Yumin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite previous research efforts, the majority migration routes of the black‐necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) have remained veiled. In this study, we utilized satellite telemetry data from 45 cranes between 2015 and 2021 to unveil critical insights. Our results revealed 11 distinct autumn migration routes and one sedentary flock, of which eight routes and the sedentary flock were previously undocumented. Our findings highlighted the remarkable diversity in the migration routes of black‐necked cranes, especially in terms of migration orientations, spatial–temporal patterns, and altitudinal movement patterns. Cranes breeding on the eastern, northern, and central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau migrated southward, while those on the northern slopes of the Himalayas migrated eastward, westward, northward, or opted to remain sedentary. Moreover, we expanded the known range of migration distances to 84–1520 km at both ends (excluding sedentary individuals) and identified two long‐term (Da Qaidam and Chaka) and one short‐term (Gyatong grassland) stopover sites. Furthermore, our study revealed that the breeding colonies in the Qilian Mountains on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau utilized long‐term stopover sites before embarking on significant altitude ascent, while other flocks displayed more urgent migration patterns, preferring to roost only at night. By unveiling the near‐complete autumn migration routes of black‐necked cranes, our research has contributed to discovering the critical habitats and connectivity among various breeding colonies, which is instrumental in developing effective seasonal conservation plans.
MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic options for inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Aleshcheva Ganna , Baumeier Christian , Harms Dominik , Bock C.‐Thomas , Escher Felicitas , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsInflammation of the heart is a complex biological and pathophysiological response of the immune system to a variety of injuries leading to tissue damage and heart failure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as pivotal players in the development of numerous diseases, suggesting their potential utility as biomarkers for inflammation and as viable candidates for therapeutic interventions. The primary aim of this investigation was to pinpoint and assess particular miRNAs in individuals afflicted by virus‐negative inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi).Methods and resultsThe study involved the analysis of 152 serum samples sourced from patients diagnosed with unexplained heart failure through endomyocardial biopsy. Among these samples, 38 belonged to DCMi patients, 24 to DCM patients, 44 to patients displaying inflammation alongside diverse viral infections, and 46 to patients solely affected by viral infections without concurrent inflammation. Additionally, serum samples from 10 healthy donors were included. The expression levels of 754 distinct miRNAs were evaluated using TaqMan OpenArray. MiR‐1, miR‐23, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐155, miR‐193, and miR‐195 exhibited exclusive down‐regulation solely in DCMi patients (P < 0.005). These miRNAs enabled effective differentiation between individuals with inflammation unlinked to viruses (DCMi) and all other participant groups (P < 0.005), boasting a specificity surpassing 86%.ConclusionsThe identification of specific miRNAs offers a novel diagnostic perspective for recognizing intramyocardial inflammation within virus‐negative DCMi patients. Furthermore, these miRNAs hold promise as potential candidates for tailored therapeutic strategies in the context of virus‐negative DCMi.
CD40L modulates CD4+ T‐cell activation through receptor for activated C kinase 1
Authors: van Os Bram W. , Vos Winnie G. , Bosmans Laura A. , van Tiel Claudia M. , Toom Myrthe den , Beckers Linda , Admiraal Merel , Hoeksema Marten A. , de Winther Menno P. , Lutgens Esther 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInhibition of the co‐stimulatory ligand CD40L has shown beneficial effects in many experimental models of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Here, we show that CD40L deficiency in T cells in mice causes a reduction of CD4+ T‐cell activation and specifically a strong reduction in IFN‐γ‐producing Th1 cells. In vitro, we could not reproduce this antigen presenting cell‐dependent effects, but found that T‐cell CD40L affects cell death and proliferation. We identified receptor of activated C kinase, the canonical PKC binding partner and known to drive proliferation and apoptosis, as a mediator of CD40L reverse signaling. Furthermore, we found that CD40L clustering stabilizes IFN‐γ mediated Th1 polarization through STAT1, a known binding partner of receptor of activated C kinase. Together this highlights the importance of both CD40L forward and reverse signaling.
Integration of a perfusion reactor and continuous precipitation in an entirely membrane‐based process for antibody capture
Authors: Recanati Gabriele , Pappenreiter Magdalena , Gstoettner Christoph , Scheidl Patrick , Vega Elena Domínguez , Sissolak Bernhard , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContinuous precipitation coupled with continuous tangential flow filtration is a cost‐effective alternative for the capture of recombinant antibodies from crude cell culture supernatant. The removal of surge tanks between unit operations, by the adoption of tubular reactors, maintains a continuous harvest and mass flow of product with the advantage of a narrow residence time distribution (RTD). We developed a continuous process implementing two orthogonal precipitation methods, CaCl2 precipitation for removal of host‐cell DNA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for capturing the recombinant antibody, with no influence on the glycosylation profile. Our lab‐scale prototype consisting of two tubular reactors and two stages of tangential flow microfiltration was continuously operated for up to 8 days in a truly continuous fashion and without any product flow interruption, both as a stand‐alone capture and as an integrated perfusion‐capture. Furthermore, we explored the use of a negatively charged membrane adsorber for flow‐through anion exchange as first polishing step. We obtained a product recovery of approximately 80% and constant product quality, with more than two logarithmic reduction values (LRVs) for both host‐cell proteins and host‐cell DNA by the combination of the precipitation‐based capture and the first polishing step.
Nearshore ice complex breakup is controlled by a balance between thermal and mechanical processes
Authors: Theuerkauf Ethan J. , Zoet Lucas K. , Dodge Stefanie E. , Tuttle William , Rawling J. Elmo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShore ice is an important facet of cold‐climate coastal geomorphology yet is generally understudied in comparison to other aspects such as nearshore hydrodynamics. Climate change is resulting in more dynamic shore ice regimes (i.e., shortened ice season and multiple freeze–thaw cycles); thus, a clear understanding of the role of shore ice in coastal geomorphic evolution is needed. The presence of shore ice is generally thought to provide the coast a protective buffer from storm waves though some studies have indicated enhanced nearshore erosion and sediment transport associated with ice development. This is particularly apparent during the breakup phase of shore ice as sediment can be scoured from the bed, deposited in place, or transported offshore. Given this, understanding the mechanics of shore ice breakup is critical. This study documents the first combined field and laboratory evaluation of the physical conditions leading to shore ice breakup, detailing the complex interplay between thermal and mechanical processes in ice deterioration. Through a wave tank experiment as well as field observations, wave impacts alone are shown to be unlikely to cause breakup of shore ice and thermal weakening is required. This has important implications both for predicting when ice will break up as well as for identifying potential nearshore sediment transport pathways. If ice breaks up entirely from thermal degradation, then sediment is likely to be deposited in place, whereas if ice breaks up from a combination of thermal degradation and wave impact, then sediment can be redistributed across the shoreface. Monitoring of meteorological conditions during ice breakup can likely be used as a first‐order predictor of geomorphic changes resulting from shore ice deterioration.
Defining and preparing for diversity teacherhood—Chinese Minzu (“ethnic”) teacher education as an example
Authors: Chen Ning , Dervin Fred 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis qualitative study examines how teacher educators in Northwest China conceive of teacherhood and teacher preparation for working with diverse “Minzu” (“ethnic”) students. Based on multiple dataset collected among teacher educators, findings reveal that Minzu teacherhood was polysemic and complex. In their descriptions of how they prepare preservice teachers, the teacher educators presented, for example, aspects of learning to respect students, learning to remove prejudice, and focusing on individuality. These elements show some similarities between Minzu teacher education and, for example, (“Western”) multicultural/intercultural (teacher) education. However, because of the socioeconomic–political specificities of the Chinese context, many elements differed. There are clear signs that effective and consistent measures have been invested in and developed by the teacher educators. The authors argue that global scholarship on diversity in teacher education could be inspired by Chinese Minzu teacher education.
Wheat germ, a byproduct of the wheat milling industry, as a beneficial source of anti‐aging polyamines: A quantitative comparison of various forms
Authors: Mohajeri Maryam , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Kobarfard Farzad , Goli Mohammad , Khandan Maryam , Mokhtari Shaya , Khodadoost Mahmoud 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolyamines have received a lot of attention since the 1990s because of their anti‐aging, anti‐chronic disease, and proliferative effects. Wheat germ was reported as one of the natural sources of high polyamine, especially spermidine. The current study used three types of wheat germ: group A was industrially separated germ from whole grain, group B was the commercially available germinated wheat germ, and group C was manually separated wheat germ from germinated grain. The polyamine content of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine has been determined using a simplified isocratic LC–MS/MS method. An optimized extraction procedure was performed on all seven samples for obtaining a polyamine‐enriched extract. The three dominant carbomylated polyamines were identified by analyzing the extracted samples in order to determine their relative abundance. Wheat germ powders contain the highest amount of polyamines (220–337 μg/g) of which spermidine is one of the most important. Germinated wheat grains, on the other hand, contain the least amount of this polyamine. The commercially available separated wheat germs are suggested as a good nutrition source of these polyamines.
Extension of shelf life of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets using seaweed extracts during refrigerated storage
Authors: Shahrier Jaki , Rasul Golam , Afrin Faria , Islam Rabiul , Shah A. K. M. Azad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effects of seaweed (Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum natans, and Sargassum fluitans) ethanolic extracts on the quality and shelf life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets were investigated during refrigerated storage for 20 days. Each of the seaweed ethanolic extracts solution (2%, w/v) was used for dipping the fish fillets for 10 min at 4°C. The control and seaweed extract‐treated fillets were stored at 4 ± 1°C in air‐tight polyethylene bags, and chemical, bacteriological, and sensory evaluation were performed at every 4 days' intervals. During the storage period, P. tetrastromatica extract significantly (p < .05) reduced the increment of pH, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total volatile basic nitrogen values in Nile tilapia fillets compared to other seaweed extracts‐treated and untreated fillets. The maximal total viable count of control, P. tetrastromatica, S. natans, and S. fluitans extracts‐treated fillets was 6.53, 7.11, 6.75, and 7.10 log CFU/g at the 8th, 20th, 12th, and 16th days of storage, respectively. The total psychrotrophic count of control and seaweed extracts‐treated fillets was also significantly increased (p < .05) throughout the storage period. The P. tetrastromatica extracts‐treated fillets showed better sensory characteristics than other seaweed extracts‐treated and control fillets. Results of this study suggest that ethanolic extracts (2%, w/v) of P. tetrastromatica extend the shelf life for 12 days longer than the control fillets in refrigerated conditions.
The palliative care symptoms of people with dementia on admission to a mental health ward
Authors: Wolverson Emma , Appleyard Sara , Stirland Sarah , Gower Zoe 
Published: September 2023

Key points

When patients with dementia are admitted to a mental health ward it is important to undertake a thorough assessment of palliative care needs.
The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale for Dementia can support the assessment and management of palliative care symptoms and concerns in mental health wards.
Dynamic network characteristics of adolescents with major depressive disorder: Attention network mediates the association between anhedonia and attentional deficit
Authors: Wen Yujiao , Li Hong , Huang Yangxi , Qiao Dan , Ren Tian , Lei Lei , Li Gaizhi , Yang Chunxia , Xu Yifan , Han Min , Liu Zhifen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAttention deficit is a critical symptom that impairs social functioning in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic neural network activity associated with attention deficits and its relationship with clinical outcomes in adolescents with MDD. We included 188 adolescents with MDD and 94 healthy controls. By combining psychophysics, resting‐state electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, we aimed to identify dynamic network features through the investigation of EEG microstate characteristics and related temporal network features in adolescents with MDD. At baseline, microstate analysis revealed that the occurrence of Microstate C in the patient group was lower than that in healthy controls, whereas the duration and coverage of Microstate D increased in the MDD group. Mediation analysis revealed that the probability of transition from Microstate C to D mediated anhedonia and attention deficits in the MDD group. fMRI results showed that the temporal variability of the dorsal attention network (DAN) was significantly weaker in patients with MDD than in healthy controls. Importantly, the temporal variability of DAN mediated the relationship between anhedonia and attention deficits in the patient group. After acute‐stage treatment, the response prediction group (RP) showed improvement in Microstates C and D compared to the nonresponse prediction group (NRP). For resting‐state fMRI data, the temporal variability of DAN was significantly higher in the RP group than in the NRP group. Overall, this study enriches our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying attention deficits in patients with MDD and provides novel clinical biomarkers.