bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to healthy dietary patterns and its association with physical fitness in military personnel
Authors: Ghodsi Ramin , Rostami H , Parastouei K , Taghdir M , Esfahani A A , Nobakht M 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPoor nutritional status might impact in unintentional weight loss and decreased muscle mass and strength. The levels of physical fitness (PF) is a predictor of chronic diseases in future years. Also, evaluation of fitness is an essential factor for duty in occupations which are sensitive to time and emergency reaction. Since there is no literature that study the association between dietary patterns and the PF level in physically strenuous occupations, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the PF level in military staffs.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in military zones of Iran. Typical dietary intakes were assessed by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Mediterranean diet (MD) score and healthy diet indicator (HDI) score were calculated. PF tests were designed to test the muscular strength, endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness (CRF).ResultsMean age of participants was 33.03±4.65 in the study. Referring to the performance in the PF tests, there was a correlation between tertiles of MD (OR 4.37, p=0.048) and HDI (OR 5.21, p=0.019) scores and suitable PF level in the crude and confounder adjusted models. Also, a negative relationship was found between body mass index and waist circumference with fitness score.ConclusionsWe concluded that accompanying a medium or high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern will have an impact on good level of PF and will result in a better working power and long-term health consequences among physically strenuous occupations.
‘It’s so simple’ Lessons from the margins: a qualitative study of patient experiences of a mobile health clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nussey Lisa , Lamarche Larkin , O'Shea Tim 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveOur study explored the experiences of clients of HAMSMaRT (Hamilton Social Medicine Response Team), a mobile health service, in the context of their experiences of the overall healthcare system.DesignWe conducted a qualitative study with reflexive thematic analysis.SettingHAMSMaRT is a mobile health service in Hamilton, Ontario Canada providing primary care, internal and addiction medicine and infectious diseases services.ParticipantsEligible participants were clients of HAMSMaRT who could understand English to do the interview and at least 16 years of age. Fourteen clients of HAMSMaRT were interviewed.ResultsOur findings represented five themes. When the themes of people deserve care, from the margins to the centre, and improved and different access to the system are enacted, the model of care works, represented by the theme it works!. The way in which participants compared their experiences of HAMSMaRT to the mainstream healthcare system insinuated how simple it is, represented by the theme it’s so simple.ConclusionsOur findings offer guidance to the broader healthcare system for walking from the rhetoric to practice of person-centred care.
Active travel to school: a longitudinal millennium cohort study of schooling outcomes
Authors: Walker Ian , Gamble Tim 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesAssess longitudinal associations between active travel during the school commute and later educational outcomes.SettingEngland, Wales and Northern Ireland.Participants6778 children, surveyed at ages 7, 11, 14 and 17.Primary and secondary outcomesSchool-leaver General Certificate of Secondary Education exam scores summed to provide a single measure of educational success.ResultsControlling a range of sociodemographic and health variables, using active versus passive travel modes during a child’s commute to school during earlier years predicted differences in school-leaver exam performance at age 16. These effects were mediated through changes in self-esteem, emotional difficulties and behavioural difficulties. Examples include: being driven to school at 11 was associated with improved exam performance at 16 mediated through enhanced self-esteem at 14 (ab=0.08, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.20, p=0.05) and cycling at 14 was associated with better exam scores at 16 mediated through reduced emotional difficulty at 16 (ab=0.10, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.30, p=0.05). The relationship between travel mode and exam performance was moderated by household income quintile, most notably with poorer exam performance seen in high-income children who were driven to school. Importantly, although our model predicted 21% of variance in exam performance, removing travel mode barely reduced its ability to predict exam scores (ΔR2=−0.005,F20,6469= 2.50, p<0.001).ConclusionThere are differences in school-leaver exam performance linked to travel mode choices earlier in the school career, but these differences are extremely small. There appears to be no realistic educational disadvantage from any given travel mode, strengthening the case for cleaner, healthier modes to become the default.
Impact of digital technologies on self-efficacy in people with Parkinson’s: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hall Andrew Michael , Aroori S , Carroll Camille B , Meinert Edward , Allgar Victoria 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disease globally, for which currently no one definitive cause or cure exists. Estimates suggest that 145 000 people with Parkinson’s (PwP) live in the UK. PD presents with motor and non-motor symptoms fluctuating significantly in and between individuals continually throughout the day. PD adversely affects activities of daily living, quality of life and well-being. Self-efficacy is an important belief to improve for PwP as it enables the individual to develop confidence in their ability to exert control over their own motivation, behaviour and social environment. This scoping review aims to identify digital technologies which have been shown to positively impact on promoting self-efficacy in PwP.Methods and analysesSix bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE and IEEE Xplore will be searched from the date of their inception to the May 2023. The primary outcome will be to identify interventions which are associated with a change in self-efficacy in PwP to enable positive and negative outcomes, as well as safety to be evaluated. The secondary outcomes of this review will focus on the intervention’s proposed mechanisms for success, particularly looking at the impact they had on positive behaviour change(s) or modification(s) on study participants.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review will not require ethical approval as it will use data collected from previously published primary studies. The findings of this review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and widely disseminated.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model: multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Getachew Tamirat , Negash Abraham , Degefa Meron , Lami Magarsa , Balis Bikila , Debela Adera , Gemechu Kabtamu , Shiferaw Kasiye , Nigussie Kabtamu , Bekele Habtamu , Oljira Amanuel , Eyeberu Addis , Dessie Yadeta , Alemu Addisu , Sertsu Addisu 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveImmunization is still one of the best ways to reduce viral-related morbidity and mortality . Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodA multicentred facility-based cross-sectional study design was utilised. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 420 study participants. The characteristics of individuals were described using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency, median and IQR. Mean was used for health belief model components. The association was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and described by the OR along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value<0.05 in the adjusted analysis was used to declare a significant association.Outcome measureCOVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors.ResultA total of 412 adult clients were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total study participants, 225 (54.6%; 95% CI: 50.0% to -59.7%) were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Age≥46 (adjusted OR, AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.35- to 9.86), college and above level of education (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.30- to 4.81), having health insurance (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.11- to 2.87) and experiencing chronic disease (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- to 3.77) were predictor variables. Also, components of the health belief model were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the adult population was low compared to other study. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were age, college and above level of education, having a chronic disease, having health insurance, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barrier.Improving awareness about COVID-19 among all sections of the population is crucial to improving vaccine acceptability.
Cognitive impairment and behavioural emergencies within the acute hospital setting
Authors: Ilievski Vasko , Barrett Tomiko , Lawson William , Hoyland Shane , Tran Kelvin 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPatients with cognitive impairment exhibiting agitation and aggression are challenging to manage in the acute hospital setting. When a patient’s behaviours place themselves or others at risk of harm, a Clinical Aggression Response Team (C-ART) is dispatched.The aims of this project were to describe the characteristics of patients receiving a C-ART call and the experiences of C-ART staff members via semistructured interviews. Additionally, to audit local practice against two established standards of practice (Local C-ART Call Guideline and Australian Cognitive Impairment Guideline), to develop interventions to address identified shortfalls in adherence to these standards of practice and finally to re-evaluate adherence postintervention.MethodsA retrospective pre and postintervention audit using qualitative (interview) and quantitative (file review) mixed method research approach was used. Interventions targeted doctor hospital orientation sessions, distribution of hospital guidelines including a new pharmacological sedation guideline and finally ward-based brief education sessions.ResultsThemes identified postintervention included improved familiarity with C-ART terminology, better understanding of C-ART member roles and improved communication among medical teams. However, there was continued pressure to use pharmacological sedation, a lack of debriefing and poor patient handover.File review of patients postintervention showed improvement from 36.8% to 65.6% in recording a provisional diagnosis and differentials for a patient behaviour necessitating a C-ART call. Additionally, the use of psychotropics during C-ART calls was lowered by 3.3% but did not reach significance (p=0.62).ConclusionBehavioural disturbances in the elderly present many challenges for health staff. Interactive orientation sessions for doctors and distribution of hospital guidelines were shown to improve compliance with Local C-ART Call and Australian Cognitive Impairment Guidelines. Patients who receive multiple C-ART calls require further exploration and consideration, as this subset of the patient population present unique challenges.
Interventions to reduce repetitive ordering of low-value inpatient laboratory tests: a systematic review
Authors: Yeshoua Brandon , Bowman Chip , Dullea Jonathan , Ditkowsky Jared , Shyu Margaret , Lam Hansen , Zhao William , Shin Joo Yeon , Dunn Andrew , Tsega Surafel , S. Linker Anne , Shah Manan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundOver-ordering of daily laboratory tests adversely affects patient care through hospital-acquired anaemia, patient discomfort, burden on front-line staff and unnecessary downstream testing. This remains a prevalent issue despite the 2013 Choosing Wisely recommendation to minimise unnecessary daily labs. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify interventions targeting unnecessary laboratory testing.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and SCOPUS databases to identify interventions focused on reducing daily complete blood count, complete metabolic panel and basic metabolic panel labs. We defined interventions as ‘effective’ if a statistically significant reduction was attained and ‘highly effective’ if a reduction of ≥25% was attained.ResultsThe search yielded 5646 studies with 41 articles that met inclusion criteria. We grouped interventions into one or more categories: audit and feedback, cost display, education, electronic medical record (EMR) change, and policy change. Most interventions lasted less than a year and used a multipronged approach. All five strategies were effective in most studies with EMR change being the most commonly used independent strategy. EMR change and policy change were the strategies most frequently reported as effective. EMR change was the strategy most frequently reported as highly effective.ConclusionOur analysis identified five categories of interventions targeting daily laboratory testing. All categories were effective in most studies, with EMR change being most frequently highly effective.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021254076.
Dispersion corrections to elastic electron–nucleus scattering
Authors: Jakubassa-Amundsen D. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCalculations of the elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons from spin-zero nuclei within the recoil-modified phase-shift analysis are supplemented with the dispersion correction estimated within the second-order Born approximation. For the $$^{12}$$

12

C nucleus, three strong transient nuclear excitations are taken into account, for which not only Coulombic, but also magnetic transitions are considered. Dispersion effects of up to 10% in the differential cross section near the first diffraction minimum, resulting largely from Coulombic transitions at the higher collision energies, are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. Below 300 MeV, dispersion is greatly influenced by magnetic scattering. Investigations of the spin asymmetry for perpendicularly polarized electrons indicate that it is strongly affected by dispersion, predominantly at small scattering angles.
Thermodynamics of signal transduction systems and fluctuation theorem in a signal cascade
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiochemical chain reactions are signal transduction cascades that can transmit biological information about the intracellular environment. In this study, we modelled a chain reaction as a code string for applying information theory. Herein, we assumed that cell signal transduction selects a strategy to maximize the transduced signal per signal event duration. To investigate the same, we calculated the information transmission capacity of the reaction chain by maximizing the average entropy production rate per reaction time, indicating the idea of the entropy coding method. Moreover, we defined a signal cascade trajectory. Subsequently, we found that the logarithm of the forward and reverse transition ratio per reaction time is equal to the entropy production rate, which derives the form of the fluctuation theorem in signal transduction. Our findings suggest the application of information entropy theory for analysing signal transduction.
Finitely generated dyadic convex sets
Authors: Matczak K. , Mućka A. , Romanowska A. B. 
Published: March 2023

Dyadic rationals are rationals whose denominator is a power of 2. We define dyadic n-dimensional convex sets as the intersections with n-dimensional dyadic space of an n-dimensional real convex set. Such a dyadic convex set is said to be a dyadic n-dimensional polytope if the real convex set is a polytope whose vertices lie in the dyadic space. Dyadic convex sets are described as subreducts (subalgebras of reducts) of certain faithful affine spaces over the ring of dyadic numbers, or equivalently as commutative, entropic and idempotent groupoids under the binary operation of arithmetic mean. The paper contains two main results. First, it is proved that, while all dyadic polytopes are finitely generated, only dyadic simplices are generated by their vertices. This answers a question formulated in an earlier paper. Then, a characterization of finitely generated subgroupoids of dyadic convex sets is provided, and it is shown how to use the characterization to determine the minimal number of generators of certain convex subsets of the dyadic plane.
Monitoring volcano deformation at La Soufrière, St Vincent during the 2020–21 eruption with insights into its magma plumbing system architecture
Authors: Camejo-Harry Michal , Pascal Karen , Euillades Pablo , Grandin Raphaël , Hamling Ian , Euillades Leonardo , Contreras-Arratia Rodrigo , Ryan Graham A. , Latchman Joan L. , Lynch Lloyd , Jo Minjeong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Measurements of surface deformation provide valuable insight into sub-volcanic processes operating before, during and after eruptions. Here, we investigate the drivers behind the 2020–21 effusive–explosive episode at La Soufrière volcano in St Vincent using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data between 2018 and 2021, and geodetic modelling. We observe inflation up to six months before the start to the effusive phase, which continued as the dome extruded. Once the eruption transitioned to the explosive phase, the volcano rapidly deflated, the bulk happening within the first three days of explosions. Our analytical modelling distinguishes three pressure source depth ranges contributing to this eruptive episode: 16–20,
c.
6 and <1 km. Deformation data are therefore in line with a vertically extensive magmatic system being tapped pre- and syn-eruption with interaction between deep and shallow reservoirs by ascending magma batches. The combined use of GPS and InSAR proved to be instrumental for constraining the deformation field active during this eruptive episode. The direction of future geodetic monitoring at La Soufrière should therefore utilize both techniques with a view towards maximizing coverage while making up for shortfalls in station upkeep and variations in satellite overpass regularity.
Reaching Individually Stable Coalition Structures
Authors: Brandt Felix , Bullinger Martin , Wilczynski Anaëlle 
Published: March 2023

The formal study of coalition formation in multi-agent systems is typically realized in the framework of hedonic games, which originate from economic theory. The main focus of this branch of research has been on the existence and the computational complexity of deciding the existence of coalition structures that satisfy various stability criteria. The actual process of forming coalitions based on individual behavior has received little attention. In this article, we study the convergence of simple dynamics leading to stable partitions in a variety of established classes of hedonic games, including anonymous, dichotomous, fractional, and hedonic diversity games. The dynamics we consider is based on individual stability: an agent will join another coalition if she is better off and no member of the welcoming coalition is worse off.
Our results are threefold. First, we identify conditions for the (fast) convergence of our dynamics. To this end, we develop new techniques based on the simultaneous usage of multiple intertwined potential functions and establish a reduction uncovering a close relationship between anonymous hedonic games and hedonic diversity games. Second, we provide elaborate counterexamples determining tight boundaries for the existence of individually stable partitions. Third, we study the computational complexity of problems related to the coalition formation dynamics. In particular, we settle open problems suggested by Bogomolnaia and Jackson, Brandl et al., and Boehmer and Elkind.
Existence of Solutions for Inclusion Problems in Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev Space Setting
Authors: Dong Ge , Fang Xiaochun 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we mainly prove the existence of (weak) solutions of an inclusion problem with the Dirichlet boundary condition of the following form:

L
∈
A

x
,
u
,
D
u

+
F

x
,
u
,
D
u

,
in

Ω

, and

u
=
0
,
on

∂
Ω
,

in Musielak-Orlicz-Sobolev spaces

W

0

1

L

Φ

Ω

by using the surjective theorem, where

Ω
⊂

ℝ

N

is a bounded Lipschitz domain,

L

belongs to the dual space

W

0

1

L

Φ

Ω

∗

of

W

0

1

L

Φ

Ω

,

A

is a multivalued maximal monotone operator, and

F

is a multivalued convection term. Some examples for

A

and

F

are given in the paper. Then, we give some properties of the solution set of the inclusion problem. We also show the existence of (weak) solutions of the inclusion problem with an obstacle effect.
Endothelial K
Ca
3.1 and K
Ca
2.3 Mediate S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate)–Dependent Vasodilation and Blood Pressure Homeostasis
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Zhao Xin-Yi , Wang Yan , Xu Rui , Di Xiao-Hui , Zhang Yu , Yang Hongyan , Han Meng-Zhuan , Bai Ru-Yue , Xie Lin , Pang Zheng-Da , Zhang Xing , Zhang Jianbao , Du Xiao-Jun , Deng Xiu-Ling , Zhang Yi , Xie Wenjun 
Published: March 2023

Background:
S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) has been reported to possess vasodilatory properties, but the underlying pathways are largely unknown.

Methods:

Isolated mouse mesenteric artery and endothelial cell models were used to determine S1P-induced vasodilation, intracellular calcium, membrane potentials, and calcium-activated potassium channels (K
Ca
2.3 and K
Ca
3.1 [endothelial small- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels]). Effect of deletion of endothelial S1PR1 (type 1 S1P receptor) on vasodilation and blood pressure was evaluated.

Results:

Mesenteric arteries subjected to acute S1P stimulation displayed a dose-dependent vasodilation response, which was attenuated by blocking endothelial K
Ca
2.3 or K
Ca
3.1 channels. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, S1P stimulated immediate membrane potential hyperpolarization following activation of K
Ca
2.3/K
Ca
3.1 with elevated cytosolic Ca
2+
. Further, chronic S1P stimulation enhanced expression of K
Ca
2.3 and K
Ca
3.1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, which was abolished by disrupting either S1PR1-Ca
2+
signaling or downstream Ca
2+
-activated calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) signaling. By combination of bioinformatics-based binding site prediction and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we revealed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells that chronic activation of S1P/S1PR1 promoted NFATc2 nuclear translocation and binding to promoter regions of K
Ca
2.3 and K
Ca
3.1 genes thus to upregulate transcription of these channels. Deletion of endothelial S1PR1 reduced expression of K
Ca
2.3 and K
Ca
3.1 in mesenteric arteries and exacerbated hypertension in mice with angiotensin II infusion.

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence for the mechanistic role of K
Ca
2.3/K
Ca
3.1-activated endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization in vasodilation and blood pressure homeostasis in response to S1P. This mechanistic demonstration would facilitate the development of new therapies for cardiovascular diseases associated with hypertension.