bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From scarcity to solutions: Therapeutic strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality in rare disorders of lipodystrophy
Authors: Tiwari Mansi , Mcilroy George D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsLipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterised by abnormal or deficient adipose tissue formation and distribution. It poses significant challenges to affected individuals, including the development of severe metabolic complications like diabetes and fatty liver disease. These conditions are often chronic, debilitating and life‐threatening, with limited treatment options and a lack of specialised expertise. This review aims to raise awareness of lipodystrophy disorders and highlights therapeutic strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality.MethodsExtensive research has been conducted, including both historical and recent advances. We have examined and summarised the literature to provide an overview of potential strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality and treat/reverse metabolic complications in lipodystrophy disorders.ResultsA wealth of basic and clinical research has investigated various therapeutic approaches for lipodystrophy. These include ground‐breaking methods such as adipose tissue transplantation, innovative leptin replacement therapy, targeted inhibition of lipolysis and cutting‐edge gene and cell therapies. Each approach shows great potential in addressing the complex challenges posed by lipodystrophy.ConclusionsLipodystrophy disorders require urgent attention and innovative treatments. Through rigorous basic and clinical research, several promising therapeutic strategies have emerged that could restore adipose tissue functionality and reverse the severe metabolic complications associated with this condition. However, further research and collaboration between academics, clinicians, patient advocacy groups and pharmaceutical companies will be crucial in transforming these scientific breakthroughs into effective and viable treatment options for individuals and families affected by lipodystrophy. Fostering such interdisciplinary partnerships could pave the way for a brighter future for those battling this debilitating disorder.
Genetic risk score of cerebral infarction in atrial fibrillation genome‐wide association study
Authors: Ebana Yusuke , Liu Lian , Ihara Kensuke , Abe Keiko , Terao Chikashi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Sasano Tetsuo , Furukawa Tetsushi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionStroke is a leading cause of death and the primary cause of adult‐acquired disability. Patients with cardiogenic embolic stroke also have higher mortality and recurrence rates than patients with other stroke subtypes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for cerebral infarction (CI). The large‐scale study identified 32 loci in the MEGASTROKE study. However, few studies have attempted to identify novel stroke risk variants in patients with a history of AF. Our overall aim was to identify novel CI risk variants in AF cases and explore whether their associations with the CI risk were affected by the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2‐VASc scores.MethodsWe performed association study with CI using 8181 AF cases in previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and imputation data without controls. We classified AF cases into those with or without past history of CI, and the genetic associations with the CI risk were examined.ResultsGWAS identified eight associated loci. The generated genetic risk score (GRS) for the eight loci was significantly associated with CI in patients with AF (1.46 × 10−8). We estimated bivariate logistic regression model which contained GRS and CHADS2 score (GRS: p‐Value = 7.41 × 10−9, CHADS2 score: p‐Value <2.0 × 10−16) or CHA2DS2‐VASc scores (GRS: p‐Value = 2.52 × 10−10, CHA2DS2‐VASc score: p‐Value <2.0 × 10−16).ConclusionWe identified eight genetic variants that were potentially associated with the risk of CI of AF cases and the significant GRS, whose associations were independent of the CHADS2 or CHA2DS2‐VASc score.
Postoperative de novo epilepsy after resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: A national database study of 536 patients
Authors: Sioutas Georgios S. , Palepu Chandrasekhar , Salem Mohamed M. , Nia Anna M. , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Burkhardt Jan‐Karl , Jankowitz Brian T. , Srinivasan Visish M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors for de novo epilepsy after arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resection and compare them with a nonresection cohort after propensity score matching, utilizing a national database.MethodsUtilizing the TriNetX Research Network, we queried cases from January 1, 2004 to March 1, 2022. We included patients of all ages who underwent supratentorial AVM resection, presenting without seizures on or before surgery and without being on antiseizure medications at least 1 day before surgery. The primary outcome was seizures manifesting at least 6 weeks after surgery. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between the cohorts with and without postoperative epilepsy. Further cohorts were created to compare cohorts with and without embolization or rupture. After propensity score matching, we compared an additional cohort of patients with an AVM diagnosis who did not undergo resection.ResultsOf the 536 patients (mean age = 38.9 ± 19.6, 52% females) presenting without seizure who underwent AVM resection, 99 (18.5%) developed de novo epilepsy, with a 1‐year cumulative incidence of 13.8%. Patients with epilepsy had higher rates of intracerebral hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage was less common in the embolization cohort. Patients in the ruptured cohort were older and more often males. After propensity score matching with 18 588 patients with AVM diagnosis but no resection, each group consisted of 529 patients, and de novo epilepsy at 1 year was significantly higher in the AVM resection cohort compared to the nonresection cohort (11.5% vs. 3.4%, p < .001).SignificanceThis analysis of 536 patients provides evidence that de novo epilepsy after brain AVM resection occurs at a 1‐year cumulative incidence of 13.8%, with a total of 19.4% developing de novo epilepsy. Intracerebral hemorrhage was inconsistently associated with postoperative de novo epilepsy. De novo epilepsy was significantly less frequent after AVM diagnosis without resection.
Share repurchases and managerial reference points
Authors: Clarke Nicholas , Norris Dylan , Schrowang Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between managerial reference points and corporate payout policy. We find that share repurchase activity increases as a firm's current stock price declines in relation to the price at which it previously repurchased shares. To facilitate a behavioral interpretation of this relation, we show that it weakens around stock splits, is asymmetric over gains and losses, and strengthens when prior repurchase prices are more salient. Further, the relation is not explained by traditional repurchase motives. The results suggest a behavioral pattern in which managers use prior repurchase prices as reference points for current repurchases.
Bioenergy crops, biodiversity and ecosystem services in temperate agricultural landscapes—A review of synergies and trade‐offs
Authors: Winberg Josefin , Smith Henrik G. , Ekroos Johan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Paris agreement on climate change requires rapid reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One important mitigation strategy, at least in the intermediate future, is the substitution of fossil fuels with bioenergy. However, using agriculture‐ and forest‐derived biomass for energy has sparked controversy regarding both the climate mitigation potential and conflicts with biodiversity conservation. The urgency of the climate crisis calls for using forests for carbon sequestration and storage rather than for bioenergy, making agricultural biomass an attractive alternative for fossil energy substitution. However, this calls for comprehensive assessments of its sustainability in terms of consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this review, we provide a first holistic overview of the impacts on ecosystems of land‐use changes from bioenergy crop production in temperate climates, by synthesizing results on both biodiversity and ecosystem service impacts. We found that bioenergy‐related land‐use changes can have both positive and negative effects on ecosystems, with original land use, bioenergy crop type and scale of bioenergy production being important moderators of impacts. Despite the risk of opportunity cost for food production, perennial crop cultivation on arable land had the lowest occurrence of negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Growing biomass for bioenergy on surplus land has been suggested as a way to alleviate competition with food production and biodiversity conservation, but our results demonstrate that utilizing marginal or abandoned land for bioenergy crop production cannot fully resolve these trade‐offs. Furthermore, there is a lack of empirical studies of the biodiversity value of marginal and abandoned land, limiting our understanding of the sustainability implications of biomass cultivation on surplus land. We argue that future research and policies for bioenergy production must explicitly consider biodiversity and ecosystem services in combination to avoid potential trade‐offs between the two and to ensure sustainable bioenergy production.
Drought‐tolerant succulent plants as an alternative crop under future global warming scenarios in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Buckland Catherine E. , Thomas David S. G. , Jägermeyr Jonas , Müller Christoph , Smith J. Andrew C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGlobally, we are facing an emerging climate crisis, with impacts to be notably felt in semiarid regions across the world. Cultivation of drought‐adapted succulent plants has been suggested as a nature‐based solution that could: (i) reduce land degradation, (ii) increase agricultural diversification and provide both economic and environmentally sustainable income through derived bioproducts and bioenergy, (iii) help mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions and (iv) increase soil sequestration of CO2. Identifying where succulents can grow and thrive is an important prerequisite for the advent of a sustainable alternative ‘bioeconomy’. Here, we first explore the viability of succulent cultivation in Africa under future climate projections to 2100 using species distribution modelling to identify climatic parameters of greatest importance and regions of environmental suitability. Minimum temperatures and temperature variability are shown to be key controls in defining the theoretical distribution of three succulent species explored, and under both current and future SSP5 8.5 projections, the conditions required for the growth of at least one of the species are met in most parts of sub‐Saharan Africa. These results are supplemented with an analysis of potentially available land for alternative succulent crop cultivation. In total, up to 1.5 billion ha could be considered ecophysiologically suitable and available for succulent cultivation due to projected declines in rangeland biomass and yields of traditional crops. These findings may serve to highlight new opportunities for farmers, governments and key stakeholders in the agriculture and energy sectors to invest in sustainable bioeconomic alternatives that deliver on environmental, social and economic goals.
Niche unfilling dominates the naturalization of species from intercontinentally disjunct genera
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Heberling J. Mason , Wang Zhiheng , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimQuantifying niche shifts of non‐native species and their interactions with natives is vital in evaluating invasion risk yet remains difficult. Climate filtering and competition with native congeners are two important processes impacting niche changes and yielding contradictory predictions for the coexistence of non‐native and native species. Closely related species representing the Eastern Asia (EA)–Eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction provide a powerful yet unexplored system for assessing the relative roles of these two processes. Here, we tested three niche change scenarios (unfilling, expansion and stable) using EA species naturalized in ENA. We aim to answer: (1) which scenario is observed for naturalized species? and (2) how has niche overlap between EA and ENA congeners changed after naturalization?LocationENA and EA.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedAngiosperms.MethodsNiches were estimated using both occurrences and predictions generated by ecological niche models. Niche changes of naturalized species and their niche overlap with natives were measured using Schoener's D. Contributions of niche expansion and unfilling on niche changes of naturalized niches were evaluated using hierarchical partitioning and linear regressions. We further measured pairwise phylogenetic distances among EA and ENA congeners and evaluated the association with niche overlap.ResultsUnfilling‐dominated postintroduction niche changes of the naturalized species. EA species naturalized in ENA exhibited lower niche overlap with ENA native congeners compared with native range populations in EA. These results remain when considering time since introduction and potential physical dispersal limitations interpreted by projecting suitable niche space between EA and ENA. However, dispersal limitation may contribute to the degree of niche unfilling.Main ConclusionsUsing intercontinental disjunct species as a study system, we found that naturalization is shaped jointly by climate filtering and competition with native congeners, providing valuable insights for evaluating invasion risk underlying global floristic exchanges.
Sensory hypersensitivities are associated with post‐traumatic headache‐related disability
Authors: Martindale Cecilia , Presson Angela P. , Schwedt Todd J. , Brennan K. C. , Cortez Melissa M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether sensory hypersensitivity contributes to headache‐related disability in a secondary analysis of patients with post‐traumatic headache.BackgroundUp to one‐third of individuals with traumatic brain injuries report persistent headache 3 months post‐injury. High rates of allodynia and photophobia have been observed in clinical studies and animal models of post‐traumatic headache, but we do not fully understand how sensory amplifications impact post‐traumatic headache‐related disability.MethodsWe identified a cross‐sectional sample of patients from the American Registry for Migraine Research database with new or worsening headaches post‐head injury from 2016 to 2020 and performed a secondary analysis of those data. We modeled the relationship between sensory sensitivity and Migraine Disability Assessment scores using questionnaires. Candidate variables included data collection features (study site and year), headache‐related and general clinical features (headache frequency, migraine diagnosis, abuse history, sex, age, cognitive and affective symptom scores), and sensory symptoms (related to light, sound, and touch sensitivity).ResultsThe final sample included 193 patients (median age 46, IQR 22; 161/193, 83.4% female). Migraine Disability Assessment scores ranged from 0 to 260 (median 47, IQR 87). The final model included allodynia, hyperacusis, photosensitivity, headache days per month, abuse history, anxiety and depression, cognitive dysfunction, and age (R2 = 0.43). An increase of one point in allodynia score corresponded to a 3% increase in headache disability (95% CI: 0%–7%; p = 0.027), an increase of one‐tenth of a point in the photosensitivity score corresponded to a 12% increase (95% CI: 3%–25%; p = 0.002), and an increase of one point in the hyperacusis score corresponded to a 2% increase (95% CI: 0%–4%; p = 0.016).ConclusionsIncreased photosensitivity, allodynia, and hyperacusis were associated with increased headache‐related disability in this sample of patients with post‐traumatic headache. Symptoms of sensory amplification likely contribute to post‐traumatic headache‐related disability and merit an ongoing investigation into their potential as disease markers and treatment targets.
Serum inducible protein 10 kDa/C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 levels predict regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis after hepatitis C virus eradication by direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Nagura Yoshihito , Suzuki Takanori , Matsuura Kentaro , Ogawa Shintaro , Kawamura Hayato , Kuno Kayoko , Fujiwara Kei , Nojiri Shunsuke , Nagaoka Katsuya , Iio Etsuko , Watanabe Takehisa , Kataoka Hiromi , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimIt is desirable to identify predictors of regression of liver fibrosis after achieving sustained virological response by anti‐hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) therapy. We retrospectively investigated the serum interferon‐γ inducible protein 10 kDa (IP‐10) level as a predictive indicator of regression of liver fibrosis after successful hepatitis C virus eradication by direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy.MethodsThe study participants were recruited from a historical cohort of 116 chronically hepatitis C virus‐infected patients who had achieved sustained virological response by DAAs therapy and whose serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels at baseline (before DAAs therapy) were ≥2.0 cut‐off index. We defined patients with M2BPGi levels <1.76 and ≥1.76 cut‐off index at 2 years after the end of treatment (EOT) as the regression (n = 71) and non‐regression (n = 45) groups, respectively.ResultsMultivariate analyses revealed that the albumin‐bilirubin score at baseline, and albumin‐bilirubin score, Fibrosis‐4 index at 24 weeks after the EOT, and serum IP‐10 change from baseline to 24 weeks after the EOT (IP‐10 change) were significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis. In addition, IP‐10 change was significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis by a multivariate analysis, even when the serum M2BPGi levels were aligned by propensity score matching and in patients with advanced M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis: M2BPGi levels ≥3.3 cut‐off index at baseline.ConclusionsSerum IP‐10 change from baseline to 24 weeks after the EOT is a feasible predictor of regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis after achieving sustained virological response with DAA therapy.
Development and validation of educational multimedia to promote public health literacy about healthy cognitive aging
Authors: Rooha Aysha , Shetty Shreya , Bajaj Gagan , Jacob Nidhi L. , George Vinitha M. , Bhat Jayashree S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesHealth literacy (HL) about healthy cognitive aging is essential in preventing cognitive decline and promoting cognitive well‐being. It is important that one such HL module should be scientifically designed, delivered in a technically sound manner to the audience, and specific to the context. The present study thus aimed at developing and validating educational multimedia about cognitive health.MethodsThe study followed a methodological framework and was carried out across three phases, that is, identification of themes, development and validation of educational script and design, and validation of educational multimedia. The module was scripted based on the Integrated HL framework and the recommendations made during the modified nominal group technique among the research team. Seven speech‐language pathologists (SLPs), with expertise in the field of cognitive sciences, and 15 representatives of the general public validated the module using the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials questionnaire.ResultsThe scientific content of the educational script received satisfactory agreements among the experts (content validity index [CVI]: 0.93) and representatives of the general public (CVI: 0.86). The technical aspects of the educational multimedia were rated to have high understandability (experts: 92.8%; representatives of general public: 98.8%) and actionability (experts and representatives of general public 100%).ConclusionOverall, the developed educational multimedia scored optimally with respect to the objective, structure, relevance of the content, actionability and understandability of the multimedia. The developed module holds the potential to be used at community and national level health educational programs or awareness campaigns to enhance public knowledge and beliefs pertaining to cognitive health.Patient or Public ContributionSLPs with expertise in the field of cognitive science and representatives from the general public were included to validate and obtain feedback on the developed educational multimedia.
Inhibition of inflammation and infiltration of M2 macrophages in NSCLC through the ATF3/CSF1 axis: Role of miR‐27a‐3p
Authors: Zhou Bin , Xu Yan , Xu Li , Kong Yi , Li Kang , Chen Bolin , Li Jia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) imposes a significant economic burden on patients and society due to its low overall cure and survival rates. Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAM) affect tumour development and may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. We collected NSCLC and tumour‐adjacent tissue samples. Compared with the tumour‐adjacent tissues, the Activation Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) and Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF‐1) were increased in NSCLC tissues. Levels of ATF3 and CSF‐1 were identified in different cell lines (HBE, A549, SPC‐A‐1, NCI‐H1299 and NCI‐H1795). Overexpression of ATF3 in A549 cells increased the expression of CD68, CD206 and CSF‐1. Moreover, levels of CD206, CD163, IL‐10 and TGF‐β increased when A549 cells were co‐cultured with M0 macrophages under the stimulation of CSF‐1. Using the starbase online software prediction and dual‐luciferase assays, we identified the targeting between miR‐27a‐3p and ATF3. Levels of ATF3, CSF‐1, CD206, CD163, IL‐10 and TGF‐β decreased in the miR‐27a mimics, and the tumour growth was slowed in the miR‐27a mimics compared with the mimics NC group. Overall, the study suggested that miR‐27a‐3p might inhibit the ATF3/CFS1 axis, regulate the M2 polarization of macrophages and ultimately hinder the progress of NSCLC. This research might provide a new therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Influence of temperature and pH during cacao mucilage exudate concentration on cacao syrup composition
Authors: Aldana Manuel Y. , Bustos Yinna , Espinoza Luz A. , Ramírez Andrés , Nabarlatz Debora A. , Blanco‐Tirado Cristian , Combariza Marianny Y. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCacao mucilage exudate (CME) is a highly nutritious by‐product of cacao fruit processing containing up to 15 wt% simple sugars and organic acids. We investigate the CME dehydration process to produce cacao syrup (CS) under varying temperatures (60 °C and 70 °C) and pH (4.0 and 5.0) using a 22‐factorial design with a central point (65 °C, pH 4.5). Neither temperature nor pH significantly (P < 0.05) impacts CS chemical composition. Average concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in the syrups reached 27.79, 25.56, and 12.46 wt%, respectively. Organic acids—citric, malic, lactic, tartaric, and fumaric—represent 5.12, 3.01, 0.20, 0.16, and 0.002 wt%, respectively. Although the heating treatment results in the formation of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) (12.8–13.7 mg L−1), its concentration remains below the limits of the regulatory standard. These findings have significant implications for using CME as a sustainable and nutritious source of ingredients for the food industry.