bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview on Generative AI at Scale with Edge-Cloud Computing
Authors: Wang Yun-Cheng , Xue Jintang , Wei Chengwei , Kuo C.-C. Jay 
Published: June 2023

<p>As a specific category of artificial intelligence (AI), generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) generates new content that resembles what is created by humans. The rapid development of GenAI systems has created a huge amount of new data on the Internet, posing new challenges to current computing and communication frameworks. Currently, GenAI services rely on the traditional cloud computing framework due to the need for large computation resources. However, such services will encounter high latency because of data transmission and a high volume of requests. On the other hand, edge-cloud computing can provide adequate computation power and low latency at the same time through the collaboration between edges and the cloud. Thus, it is attractive to build GenAI systems at scale by leveraging the edge-cloud computing paradigm. In this overview paper, we review recent developments in GenAI and edge-cloud computing, respectively. Then, we use two exemplary GenAI applications to discuss technical challenges in scaling up their solutions using edge-cloud collaborative systems. Finally, we list design considerations for training and deploying GenAI systems at scale and point out future research directions. </p>
Multi-objective Optimization of Asymmetric Bit Rate Partitioning for Multipath Protection in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Dinarte Henrique , Almeida Jr. Raul , Assis Karcius , Chaves Daniel 
Published: June 2023

<p>In survivable elastic optical networks, multi-path protection combined with traffic squeezing has recently gained attention. Link-disjoint multipath routing (LD-MPR) and bandwidth squeezing protection (BSP) when applied to the routing, modulation level and spectrum assignment problem are efficient strategies to address the excessive bandwidth demanded by protected services, spectral fragmentation and link-load balancing. LD-MPR enables the division of service transmission bit rate into independent flows whereas BSP tolerates traffic reduction under link failure. An open issue in the literature is how to efficiently divide demanded traffic among the link-disjoint routes under dynamic-traffic and BSP, while complying the SLA. We propose in this paper a multi-objective- optimization genetic algorithm that defines how service transmission bit rate should be partitioned among the candidate link-disjoint routes. A customized partitioning definition is made for each source-destination node pair in the network, aiming the simultaneous minimization of network blocking probability and average squeezing transmission bit rate experienced by the services during single-link failure. We also propose, for the first time, a fixed-alternate routing using groups of disjoint paths (FARgdp). Complex dynamic-traffic network scenarios that simultaneously consider BSP, LD-MPR and FARgdp are addressed. </p>
EFEKTIVITAS METODE DRILL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KEMIRIMUKA 2
Authors: Kurniady Panjaitan Rio Rizky , Syarif Sumantri Mohamad , Zakiah Linda 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Writing activities still have many obstacles in its implementation. Students still find it difficult to develop existing ideas and ideas into writing. The purpose of this research is to analyze writing skills and determine the effectiveness of the drill method in improving the writing skills of fourth grade elementary school students. The research approach used is qualitative research with descriptive-qualitative method. The place of this research was Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kemirimuka 2 with the research subjects being the fourth grade students totaling 30 people. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interview, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis in this study used the Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the drill method is effective in improving the writing skills of fourth grade elementary school students. This can be seen from the students' positive responses to the use of the drill method during the learning process of writing short stories as well as the results of the assessment of students' short story writing works which are in the good category. Thus, teachers can apply the drill method in learning activities that involve four language skills, especially writing so that students gain proficiency in these skills.
ABSTRAK
Kegiatan menulis masih memiliki banyak kendala dalam pengimplementasiannya. Siswa masih merasa kesulitan dalam mengembangkan ide dan gagasan yang ada ke dalam bentuk tulisan. Adapun tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keterampilan menulis serta mengetahui keefektivitasan metode drill dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Tempat penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Negeri Kemirimuka 2 dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar yang berjumlah 30 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode drill efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa kelas IV sekolah dasar. Hal ini terlihat dari respons positif siswa terhadap penggunaan metode drill selama pembelajaran menulis cerpen berlangsung serta hasil penilaian karya tulisan cerpen siswa yang berada pada kategori baik. Dengan demikian, guru bisa menerapkan metode drill dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan empat keterampilan berbahasa, terutama menulis sehingga siswa memperoleh kemahiran dalam keterampilan tersebut.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PENILAIAN BERBASIS HOTS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT DAN CAMPURAN PADA MURID KELAS VI SD
Authors: Irma Yunita  , Handayani Arri , Andri Nugroho Aryo 
Published: June 2023

Irma Yunita. 2023. “Pengembangan Perangkat Penilaian Berbasis HOTS dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematika Materi Operasi Hitung Bilangan Bulat dan Campuran pada Murid Kelas VI SD” Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Dasar, Program Pascasarjana Universitas PGRI Semarang. Pembimbing I Dr. Arri Handayani, S.Psi., M.Si, Pembimbing II Dr. Aryo Andri Nugroho, M.Pd.

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mendeskripsikan validitas penilaian berbasis HOTS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika murid kelas VI SD. (2) Mendeskripsikan kepraktisan penilaian berbasis HOTS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis Matematika murid kelas VI SD. (3) Mendeskripsikan keefektifan penilaian berbasis HOTS dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika murid kelas VI SD.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan Research and Development (R&D). Desain pengembangan mengadaptasi model pengembangan menurut Borg & Gall yang terdiri dari sepuluh tahapan. Pelaksanaa uji coba dilakukan pada 37 murid di SD 1 dan 2 Kranggan sebagai kelompok eksperimen, dan 36 murid di SD 1 dan 3 Satriyan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi, angket, tes, dan wawancara. Data keefektifan penilaian berbasis HOTS dianalisis dengan uji gain, uji t pada taraf signifikansi 0,05.
Penilaian yang dikembangkan berupa instrumen penilaian berbasis HOTS 4C (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication) yang memiliki 7 karakteristik, yaitu: 1) mengukur kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, 2) bersifat divergen, 3) menggunakan multirepresentasi, 4) berbasis permasalahan kontekstual, 5) menggunakan bentuk soal beragam, 6) mengukur kemampuan berkomunikasi, dan 7) mengukur kemampuan dalam bekerja sama. Penilaian berbasis HOTS efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar murid, terbukti dari peningkatan skor rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis murid pada kelompok eksperimen,yaitu 80,59 dengan kategori sedang dan peningkatan skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen, 89,05 dengan kategori sedang.
Berdasarkan uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa penilaian berbasis HOTS mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada pelajaran matematika murid kelas VI sekolah dasar.
Kata kunci: Penilaian berbasis HOTS, Berpikir Kritis.
Influencia de las Estrategias de Comunicación en la Selección de Programas de Educación Superior
Authors: Arias Martínez Johanna Milena , Herrera Leidy Esmeralda 
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este artículo es hacer una reflexión dirigida a estudiantes de educación media y docentes de instituciones de educación superior, acerca de cómo el uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) influye en la elección de su carrera técnica, tecnológica y profesional; La elección de la carrera universitaria es una decisión importante que deben tomar los adolescentes ya que está relacionada con la actividad profesional que, probablemente, desempeñarán a lo largo de su vida. Se puede observar en Los análisis estadísticos diferencias en la elección de carrera los chicos y las chicas se inclinan por estudios u ocupaciones que luego no termina y no saben si esa es verdadera vocación ya que la información no estuvo bien clara; sobre la influencia que las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y el impacto que éstas han generado en los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje de la educación superior.
Innovative experimental activities in the education system of Ukraine in the conditions of war
Authors: NUZHNA Svitlana 
Published: June 2023

The problem of organizational transformation of the educational process with the beginning of the war in Ukraine is considered. Attention is focused on the role of innovative technologies to ensure a safe situation for the continuation of the educational process using all available forms: online (with the use of IT technologies), offline and in a mixed mode. The effectiveness of the use of modern information and web technologies to build a communication environment for education seekers has been proven. The top 100 learning tools of 2022 are characterized and have been implemented in all forms of learning: formal, informal, experimental and social. Examples of the application of the modular object-oriented dynamic platform Moodle for distance education in higher education institutions are presented. The use of Google digital tools, namely Google Classroom, in the educational process is proposed. Determining the rapid spread of the mobile Internet in the 21st century, it is emphasized that this provides an opportunity to introduce mobile gadgets into the educational environment of educators. One of the examples of such application is the use of QR codes to access information and implement the educational process. All considered modern technologies contribute not only to high-quality education, but also to the formation of digital competence of both students and teachers.
HST Imaging of Star-forming Clumps in Six GASP Ram-pressure-stripped Galaxies
Authors: Giunchi Eric , Gullieuszik Marco , Poggianti Bianca M. , Moretti Alessia , Werle Ariel , Scarlata Claudia , Zanella Anita , Vulcani Benedetta , Calzetti Daniela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Exploiting broad- and narrowband images of the Hubble Space Telescope from the near-UV to I-band rest frame, we study the star-forming clumps of six galaxies of the GASP sample undergoing strong ram pressure stripping. Clumps are detected in Hα and near-UV, tracing star formation on different timescales. We consider clumps located in galaxy disks and stripped tails and formed in stripped gas but still close to the disk, called extraplanar. We detect 2406 Hα-selected clumps (1708 in disks, 375 in extraplanar regions, and 323 in tails) and 3745 UV-selected clumps (2021 disk, 825 extraplanar, and 899 tail clumps). Only ∼15% of star-forming clumps are spatially resolved, meaning that most are smaller than ∼140 pc. We study the luminosity and size distribution functions (LDFs and SDFs, respectively) and the luminosity–size relation. The average LDF slope is 1.79 ± 0.09, while the average SDF slope is 3.1 ± 0.5. The results suggest that the star formation is turbulence-driven and scale-free, as in main-sequence galaxies. All of the clumps, whether they are in the disks or tails, have an enhanced Hα luminosity at a given size, compared to the clumps in main-sequence galaxies. Indeed, their Hα luminosity is closer to that of clumps in starburst galaxies, indicating that ram pressure is able to enhance the luminosity. No striking differences are found among disk and tail clumps, suggesting that the different environments in which they are embedded play a minor role in influencing the star formation.
Jet Formation in 3D GRMHD Simulations of Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton Accretion
Authors: Kaaz Nicholas , Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Chatterjee Koushik , Liska Matthew T. P. , Tchekhovskoy Alexander 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A black hole (BH) traveling through a uniform, gaseous medium is described by Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton (BHL) accretion. If the medium is magnetized, then the black hole can produce relativistic outflows. We performed the first 3D, general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of BHL accretion onto rapidly rotating black holes using the H-AMR code, where we mainly varied the strength of a background magnetic field that threads the medium. We found that the ensuing accretion continuously drags the magnetic flux to the BH, which accumulates near the event horizon until it becomes dynamically important. Depending on the strength of the background magnetic field, the BHs can sometimes launch relativistic jets with high enough power to drill out of the inner accretion flow, become bent by the headwind, and escape to large distances. For stronger background magnetic fields, the jets are continuously powered, while at weaker field strengths they are intermittent, turning on and off depending on the fluctuating gas and magnetic flux distributions near the event horizon. We find that our jets reach extremely high efficiencies of ∼100%–300%, even in the absence of an accretion disk. We also calculated the drag forces exerted by the gas onto to the BH and found that the presence of magnetic fields causes the drag forces to be much less efficient than in unmagnetized BHL accretion. They can even sometimes become negative, accelerating the BH rather than slowing it down. Our results extend classical BHL accretion to rotating BHs moving through magnetized media, and demonstrate that accretion and drag are significantly altered in this environment.
Spherical Harmonics for the 1D Radiative Transfer Equation. I. Reflected Light
Authors: Rooney Caoimhe M. , Batalha Natasha E. , Marley Mark S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A significant challenge in radiative transfer theory for atmospheres of exoplanets and brown dwarfs is the derivation of computationally efficient methods that have adequate fidelity to more precise, numerically demanding solutions. In this work, we extend the capability of the first open-source radiative transfer model for computing the reflected light of exoplanets at any phase geometry, PICASO (Planetary Intensity Code for Atmospheric Spectroscopy Observations). Until now, PICASO has implemented two-stream approaches to the solving the radiative transfer equation for reflected light, in particular following the derivations of Toon et al. In order to improve the model accuracy, we have considered higher-order approximations of the phase functions; namely, we have increased the order of approximation from two to four, using spherical harmonics. The spherical harmonics approximation decouples spatial and directional dependencies by expanding the intensity and phase function into a series of spherical harmonics, or Legendre polynomials, allowing for analytical solutions for low-order approximations to optimize computational efficiency. We rigorously derive the spherical harmonics method for reflected light and benchmark the four-term method (SH4) against Toon et al. and two independent and higher-fidelity methods (CDISORT and doubling method). On average, the SH4 method provides an order-of-magnitude increase in accuracy, compared to Toon et al. Finally, we implement SH4 within PICASO and observe only a modest increase in computational time, compared to two-stream methods (20% increase).
Dwarf Galaxy Formation with and without Dark Matter–Baryon Streaming Velocities
Authors: Schauer Anna T. P. , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Colston Katelyn , Sameie Omid , Bromm Volker , Bullock James S. , Wetzel Andrew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study how supersonic streaming velocities of baryons relative to dark matter—a large-scale effect imprinted at recombination and coherent over ∼3 Mpc scales—affect the formation of dwarf galaxies at z ≳ 5. We perform cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, including and excluding streaming velocities, in regions centered on halos with M
vir(z = 0) ≈ 1010
M
⊙; the simulations are part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project and run with FIRE-3 physics. Our simulations comprise many thousands of systems with halo masses between M
vir = 2 × 105
M
⊙ and 2 × 109
M
⊙ in the redshift range z = 20–5. A few hundred of these galaxies form stars and have stellar masses ranging from 100 to 107
M
⊙. While star formation is globally delayed by approximately 50 Myr in the streaming relative to nonstreaming simulations and the number of luminous galaxies is correspondingly suppressed at high redshift in the streaming runs, these effects decay with time. By z = 5, the properties of the simulated galaxies are nearly identical in the streaming versus nonstreaming runs, indicating that any effects of streaming velocities on the properties of galaxies at the mass scale of classical dwarfs and larger do not persist to z = 0.
SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy
Authors: Li Zhitong , Zhang Tianmeng , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Jujia , Galbany Lluís , Filippenko Alexei V. , Brink Thomas G. , Ashall Chris , Zheng WeiKang , de Jaeger Thomas , Ragosta Fabio , Deckers Maxime , Gromadzki Mariusz , Young D. R. , Xi Gaobo , Chen Juncheng , Zhao Xulin , Sai Hanna , Yan Shengyu , Xiang Danfeng , Chen Zhihao , Li Wenxiong , Wang Bo , Zou Hu , Sui Jipeng , Wang Jiali , Ma Jun , Nie Jundan , Xue Suijian , Zhou Xu , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of the peculiar Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2016ije that was discovered through the Tsinghua-NAOC Transient Survey. This peculiar object exploded in the outskirts of a metal-poor, low-surface brightness galaxy (i.e., M

g
= −14.5 mag). Our photometric analysis reveals that SN 2016ije is subluminous (

M

B
,
max

= −17.65 ± 0.06 mag) but exhibits relatively broad light curves (Δm
15(B) = 1.35 ± 0.14 mag), similar to the behavior of SN 2002es. Our analysis of the bolometric light curve indicates that only 0.14 ± 0.04 M
⊙ of 56Ni was synthesized in the explosion of SN 2016ije, which suggests a less energetic thermonuclear explosion when compared to normal SNe Ia, and this left a considerable amount of unburned materials in the ejecta. Spectroscopically, SN 2016ije resembles other SN 2002es-like SNe Ia, except that the ejecta velocity inferred from its carbon absorption line (∼4500 km s−1) is much lower than that from silicon lines (∼8300 km s−1) at around the maximum light. Additionally, most of the absorption lines are broader than other 02es-like SNe Ia. These peculiarities suggest the presence of significant unburned carbon in the inner region and a wide line-forming region along the line of sight. These characteristics suggest that SN 2016ije might originate from the violent merger of a white dwarf binary system, when viewed near an orientation along the iron-group-element cavity caused by the companion star.
The Isotropic Center of NGC 5419—A Core in Formation?
Authors: Neureiter Bianca , Thomas Jens , Rantala Antti , Naab Thorsten , Mehrgan Kianusch , Saglia Roberto , de Nicola Stefano , Bender Ralf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With its cored surface brightness profile, the elliptical galaxy NGC 5419 appears as a typical high-mass early-type galaxy (ETG). However, the galaxy hosts two distinct nuclei in its center. We use high-signal MUSE (Multi-unit Spectroscopic Explorer (Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO program 099.B-0193(A).)) spectral observations and novel triaxial dynamical orbit models to reveal a surprisingly isotropic central orbit distribution in NGC 5419. Recent collisionless simulations of merging massive ETGs suggest a two-phase core formation model, in which the low-density stellar core forms rapidly by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) sinking into the center due to dynamical friction. Only afterwards do the SMBHs form a hard binary, and the black hole scouring process slowly changes the central orbit distribution from isotropic to tangential. The observed cored density profile, the double nucleus, and the isotropic center of NGC 5419 together thus point to an intermediate evolutionary state where the first phase of core formation has taken place, yet the scouring process is only beginning. This implies that the double nucleus is an SMBH binary. Our triaxial dynamical models indicate a total mass of the two SMBHs in the center of NGC 5419 of M
BH = (1.0 ± 0.08) × 1010
M
⊙. Moreover, we find that NGC 5419's complex kinematically distinct core can be explained by a coherent flip of the direction of orbital rotation of stars on tube orbits at ∼3 kpc distance from the galaxy center together with projection effects. This is also in agreement with merger simulations hosting SMBHs in the same mass regime.
GRB 210619B: First Gamma-Ray Burst Detection by the Novel Polarimeter MOPTOP
Authors: Shrestha M. , Steele I. A. , Kobayashi S. , Smith R. J. , Jermak H. , Piascik A. , Mundell C. G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
GRB 210619B was a bright long gamma-ray burst (GRB) which was optically followed up by the novel polarimeter MOPTOP on the Liverpool Telescope. This was the first GRB detection by the instrument since it began science observations. MOPTOP started observing the GRB 1388 s after the Swift Burst Alert Telescope trigger. The R band light-curve decays following a broken power law with a break time of 2948 s after the trigger. The decay index values are α
1 = 0.84 ± 0.03 (pre-break) and α
2 = 0.54 ± 0.02 (post-break), indicating that the observation was most probably during the forward shock-dominated phase. We find a polarization upper limit of ∼7%. In the forward shock we expect the polarization to mostly come from dust in the local ambient medium which only produces low degrees of polarization. Hence our non-detection of polarization is as expected for this particular burst.
L’échec de la Communauté européenne de défense ou la fin de l’utopie fédéraliste ?
Authors: Belot Robert 
Published: June 2023

En 1954, l’Union européenne des fédéralistes (UEF) est la plus importante et influente organisation non gouvernementale fédérant les groupes fédéralistes en Europe. Même si elle ne considérait pas que la défense était la meilleure manière de faire progresser l’unité politique de l’Europe, elle s’est impliquée intensément dans la promotion de la CED qu’elle voyait comme la promesse d’une Europe fédérale. La non-ratification par le parlement français fut un choc. Comment l’UEF allait-elle réagir ? Grâce à des archives inédites, il est proposé de s’introduire au cœur des débats qui ont agité le comité central et divisé pour longtemps l’UEF qui voyait s’éloigner pour longtemps l’espérance fédéraliste.