bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Vaginal and Oral Administration of Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labour in Prolonged Pregnancies
Authors: Frempong R. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Dinoprostone (prostaglandin E2), is presently used as the approved standard protocol for cervical ripening and labour induction. In search for a cheaper alternative, misoprostol (prostaglandin E1) has been found to be a good substitute. The ideal dose, route and frequency of administration of misoprostol are, however, still under investigation. Although, vaginal application of misoprostol has been validated as a reasonable means of induction, there is patient resistance to digital vaginal examination and there is a risk of ascending infection. For these reasons, oral administration of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labour induction has been tried.Objective: The efficacy and safety of oral and vaginal misoprostol for the elective induction of labour with prolonged pregnancy and unfavourable cervix was compared through a prospective study over a period of one year at the Military Hospital, Accra. Methods: A prospective, non-blinded randomised study of 148 women with prolonged pregnancy. Data was collected using a prepared structured case record form (data profoma). The study population was randomized into two groups and given 50 μg misoprostol orally in one group and 50 μg vaginally in the other. The main outcomes were measured as induction to delivery time,vaginal delivery achieved within 24 hours and the incidence of uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate (FHR) changes. Results: The mean induction to delivery interval was shorter in vaginal group than oral group but the differences did not reach statistical significance (12.9hrs vs 14.3hrs; mean difference -1.42, P value = 0.24). The shorter duration of vaginal misoprostol, however, was significant for nulliparous women (13.4hrs vs 17.9hrs; mean difference 4.53, p<0.05). There was less failure to achieve vaginal delivery within 24 hours of induction in the vaginal route group, but the differences did not reach statistical significance (6.1% vs. 6.8%; p = 0.81). Fewer women needed oxytocin augmentation in the vaginal group (24.2% vs.17.4%, p = 0.11). There was a higher incidence of uterine hyperstimulation in the vaginal group but not significant (14.7% vs 6.1%, p = 0.10). APGAR scores at 5 minutes showed no difference between the two groups (1.49% vs. 2.99%, p =0.42).Conclusions: Compared with oral misoprostol, vaginal misoprostol for induction of labour at term resulted in a shorter induction-to-delivery time and a lesser need of oxytocin for women to deliver within 24 hours of induction. Both maternal and neonatal safety outcome were comparable in both groups. However, the more frequent occurrence of hyperstimulation in the vaginal group could lessen its preference to the oral route. More trials are needed to determine the right oral dosage that combines efficacy with safety.
Ectopic Pregnancy After Bilateral Tubal Ligation – A Case Report
Authors: Sefogah P.E. , Onuzo C.K. , Gordon A.S. 
Published: July 2023

Tubal ligation is a permanent voluntary form of contraception in which a woman's fallopian tubes are surgically cut or blocked off to prevent pregnancy. The procedure is a common method for achieving permanent sterilization and can be done at a Caesareansection or at a mini-laparotomy either immediately postpartum or as an interval procedure.Case Report: To report the case of a 35year old woman (G3P2) who was successfully managed for ectopic pregnancy after a bilateral tubal ligation, and review the literature on this rare complication and its management.Conclusion: This case has demonstrated that even though ectopic pregnancy after bilateral tubal ligation is uncommon, sterilization does not invariably confer permanent infertility in all cases.
Application of Team Quiz Strategy to Improve Speaking Skills of Class VIII MTs. N 3 Gorontalo Regency
Authors: Rahayu Dunggio Khairiyah , N. Hula Ibnu Rawandhy , Hairuddin Hairuddin 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of the maharah kalam ability of class VIII MTs Negeri 3 Kabupaten Gorontalo students by using a team quiz strategy. This research is a Class Action Research conducted at MTs Negeri 3 Gorontalo Regency. This research was carried out in 2 cycles. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, tests and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive and quantitative qualitative data analysis. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII C MTs Negeri 3 Gorontalo Regency, totaling 25 students. This research was conducted through 4 stages, namely the planning stage, implementation of actions, observation and reflection. The results of this study show that the application of the team quiz strategy can improve students' maharah kalam. This increase can be seen from the average value of the pre-test results, which is 33.2. After applying the team quiz strategy on the post test cycle 1 the average score result increased to 62.2, then in the post test cycle II the average score result increased to 79.8. With a successful pre-test result of 0%, post test cycle I 24% and post test cycle II 80%. Thus, it can be concluded that the team quiz strategy can improve the maharah kalam of class VIII MTs Negeri 3 students of Gorontalo Regency.
Habiter le trouble
Authors: Beyrouthy Damien 
Published: July 2023

Parmi la diversité des images composites actuelles, cet article se concentrera sur des créations travaillant avec la multiplication de modes de représentation au sein d’une même image (images 2D, 2,5D, 3D ; images appareillées, générée par ordinateurs ; fixes, en mouvement). L’analyse s’attachera à faire émerger le rapport renouvelé aux différentes images sollicitées et à la fonction du compositage dans ces productions.
Primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: an adaptive pharmacometric assessment of ascending dose regimens in healthy volunteers
Authors: Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Jittamala Podjanee , Watson James A , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Leungsinsiri Pawanrat , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Chotivanich Kesinee , Bancone Germana , Chu Cindy S , Imwong Mallika , Day Nicholas PJ , Taylor Walter RJ , White Nicholas J 
Published: July 2023

Background:Primaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial. It is the only widely available treatment to prevent relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria. The 8-aminoquinolines cause dose-dependent haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd). G6PDd is common in malaria endemic areas but testing is often not available. As a consequence primaquine is underused.Methods:We conducted an adaptive pharmacometric study to characterise the relationship between primaquine dose and haemolysis in G6PDd. The aim was to explore shorter and safer primaquine radical cure regimens compared to the currently recommended 8-weekly regimen (0.75 mg/kg once weekly), potentially obviating the need for G6PD testing. Hemizygous G6PDd healthy adult Thai and Burmese male volunteers were admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok. In Part 1, volunteers were given ascending dose primaquine regimens whereby daily doses were increased from 7.5 mg up to 45 mg over 15–20 days. In Part 2 conducted at least 6 months later, a single primaquine 45 mg dose was given.Results:24 volunteers were enrolled in Part 1, and 16 in Part 2 (13 participated in both studies). In three volunteers, the ascending dose regimen was stopped because of haemolysis (n=1) and asymptomatic increases in transaminases (n=2; one was hepatitis E positive). Otherwise the ascending regimens were well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events. In Part 1, the median haemoglobin concentration decline was 3.7 g/dL (range: 2.1–5.9; relative decline of 26% [range: 15–40%]). Primaquine doses up to 0.87 mg/kg/day were tolerated subsequently without clinically significant further falls in haemoglobin. In Part 2, the median haemoglobin concentration decline was 1.7 g/dL (range 0.9–4.1; relative fall of 12% [range: 7–30% decrease]). The ascending dose primaquine regimens gave seven times more drug but resulted in only double the haemoglobin decline.Conclusions:In patients with Southeast Asian G6PDd variants, full radical cure treatment can be given in under 3 weeks compared with the current 8-week regimen.Funding:Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom (MR/R015252/1) and Wellcome (093956/Z/10/C, 223253/Z/21/Z).Clinical trial number:Thai Clinical Trial Registry: TCTR20170830002 and TCTR20220317004.
Assessment of Ocular Deformation in Pathologic Myopia Using 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Luo Nan , Wang Yanbing , Alimu Subinuer , Zhao Liyi , Huang Yanqiao , Guo Ziyi , Zhao Xiujuan , Liu Bingqian , Chen Shida , Lu Lin 
Published: July 2023

IMPORTANCEOcular deformation in pathologic myopia can affect the entire globe. However, few studies have investigated the equatorial pattern of ocular shape. In addition, the correlation between equatorial and posterior morphology needs to be further explored.OBJECTIVETo assess global ocular deformation in pathologic myopia.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 180 pathologic myopic eyes with atrophic maculopathy grading C2 (diffuse chorioretinal atrophy) or more from 180 participants who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including high-resolution 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, 10 nonpathologic myopic eyes of 10 participants were set as the control group.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccording to the cross-sectional view of equator, equatorial shape was classified as round, rectangular, pyriform (noncircular and more protruded in 1 direction), vertical-elliptical, or horizontal-elliptical; according to the nasal and inferior views, the posterior shape was categorized as spheroidal, conical, bulb-shaped, ellipsoidal, multidistorted, and barrel-shaped. Equatorial circularity and ocular sphericity were used to quantitatively assess the morphological variability of the equatorial and posterior regions, respectively. The association between ocular morphology and ocular parameters and myopic maculopathy was also investigated.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of 180 participants with pathologic myopia was 55.14 (10.74) years, 127 were female (70.6%), and the mean (SD) axial length of studied eyes was 30.22 (2.25) mm. The predominant equatorial shape was pyriform (66 eyes [36.7%]), followed by round (45 eyes [25.0%]). The predominant posterior shape was bulb-shaped (97 eyes [52.2%]), followed by multidistorted (46 eyes [24.7%]). Equatorial circularity and equatorial shapes were correlated (r = −0.469; 95% CI, −0.584 to −0.346; P &amp;lt; .001) and ocular sphericity was correlated with posterior shapes (r = −0.533; 95% CI, −0.627 to −0.427; P &amp;lt; .001). In eyes with a vertical-elliptical equator, equatorial circularity and ocular sphericity were positively linearly correlated (R2 = 0.246; 95% CI, 0.050-0.496; P = .002) and the prevalence of inferior staphyloma was higher (27.8%; P = .04). Eyes with a horizontal-elliptical equator have the most horizontally oriented axis of corneal flat keratometry (median, 43.55 [interquartile range, 43.84] degrees; P = .01) and tended to present with multidistorted posterior shape (21.7%; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest ocular deformation is common in pathologic myopia and can affect the entire eye, including the equatorial and posterior regions. The morphological classification may enhance the understanding of the diverse patterns of ocular shape in pathologic myopia.
Reconstruction of the Indium Tin Oxide Surface Enhances the Adsorption of High‐Density Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Ming , Li Xin , Ying Zhiqin , Chen Ying , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Meili , Su Shiqian , Guo Xuchao , Sun Jingsong , Shou Chunhui , Yang Xi , Ye Jichun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used as carrier transport interlayers for enabling high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, achieving uniform and pinhole‐free monolayers on metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide, ITO) surfaces is still challenging due to the sensitivity of SAM adsorption to the complex oxide's surface chemistry. Here, the hydrofluoric acid and the subsequent UV–ozone treatment are employed to reconstruct the ITO surface by selectively removing the undesired terminal hydroxyl and hydrolysis product. This can significantly increase the ITO surface activity and area, thus facilitating the adsorption of high‐density SAMs. The resultant fluorinated surface can also prevent the direct contact of ITO with the perovskite active layer and passivate the perovskite bottom interface. Benefiting from the synergistically improved perovskite film formation, charge extraction, energy level alignment, and interfacial chemical stability, the corresponding PSC achieves a greatly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 21.3%, along with an enhanced long‐term stability as compared to the control counterpart. Furthermore, a semitransparent PSC with a certified efficiency of 19.0% (with a record fill factor of 84.1%) and a four‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem with an efficiency of 28.4% are also demonstrated.
Near‐ and Far‐Field Observation of Phonon Polaritons in Wafer‐Scale Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Calandrini Eugenio , Voronin Kirill , Balci Osman , Barra‐Burillo Maria , Bylinkin Andrei , Shinde Sachin M. , Sharma Subash , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E. , Chuvilin Andrei , McAleese Clifford , Conran Ben R. , Wang Xiaochen , Teo Kenneth , Volkov Valentyn S. , Ferrari Andrea C. , Nikitin Alexey Y. , Hillenbrand Rainer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolaritons in layered materials (LMs) are a promising platform to manipulate and control light at the nanometer scale. Thus, the observation of polaritons in wafer‐scale LMs is critically important for the development of industrially relevant nanophotonics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in wafer‐scale multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition are reported. By infrared nanoimaging, the PhPs are visualized, and PhP lifetimes of ≈0.6 ps are measured, comparable to that of micromechanically exfoliated multilayer hBN. Further, PhP nanoresonators are demonstrated. Their quality factors of ≈50 are about 0.7 times that of state‐of‐the‐art devices based on exfoliated hBN. These results can enable PhP‐based surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy (e.g., for gas sensing) and infrared photodetector applications.
In Vivo Metabolic Imaging of [1‐13C]Pyruvate‐d3 Hyperpolarized By Reversible Exchange With Parahydrogen**
Authors: de Maissin Henri , Groß Philipp R. , Mohiuddin Obaid , Weigt Moritz , Nagel Luca , Herzog Marvin , Wang Zirun , Willing Robert , Reichardt Wilfried , Pichotka Martin , Heß Lisa , Reinheckel Thomas , Jessen Henning J. , Zeiser Robert , Bock Michael , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Zaitsev Maxim , Korchak Sergey , Glöggler Stefan , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Schilling Franz , Knecht Stephan , Schmidt Andreas B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate is becoming a non‐invasive technique for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring response to treatment in cancer and other diseases. The clinically established method for producing HP pyruvate, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is rather complex and slow. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is an ultra‐fast and low‐cost method based on fast chemical exchange. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate not only in vivo utility, but also metabolic MRI with SABRE. We present a novel routine to produce aqueous HP [1‐13C]pyruvate‐d3 for injection in 6 minutes. The injected solution was sterile, non‐toxic, pH neutral and contained ≈30 mM [1‐13C]pyruvate‐d3 polarized to ≈11 % (residual 250 mM methanol and 20 μM catalyst). It was obtained by rapid solvent evaporation and metal filtering, which we detail in this manuscript. This achievement makes HP pyruvate MRI available to a wide biomedical community for fast metabolic imaging of living organisms.
Electrospun Ag‐dopedPA6multi‐stage structured nanofiber membrane with antibacterial property for oily particulate matters filtration
Authors: Wang Shuye , Wen Yajie , Sun Xiaobin , Kang Weimin , Cao Bao , Li Zongjie , Liu Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOily particulate matter pollution and bacteria pose a serious threat to human health and have drawn widespread attention. Herein, an Ag‐doped nylon 6 multi‐stage structured antibacterial nanofiber membrane (PA6&Ag MSNM) for effective air filtration of fine oily particulate matters was fabricated by adding a certain amount of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAHP) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) into PA6 solution via one‐step electrospinning. The fabricated PA6&Ag MSNM is composed of coarse trunk fibers and fine branching fibers, which exhibits high filtration efficiency for oily particulate matters and low pressure drop, with an average filtration efficiency of 99.92% for oily particles of 0.20 ~ 4.59 μm and a low pressure drop of 386 Pa. In addition, the fiber membranes possesses excellent antibacterial properties due to the doping of Ag. The prepared multi‐stage electrospun nanofiber membrane may provide a versatile strategy for designing new antibacterial air filtration materials, which would have broad application prospects.
Synthesis and Properties of Nonaromatic meso‐fused Heterobenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s
Authors: Varak Pooja , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorene‐based tripyrrane has been used as a fused precursor to synthesize three novel examples of nonaromatic meso‐fused thia and selenabenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s by condensing it with appropriate 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)aryl thiophene or selenophene under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso‐fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins contain one fluorene unit, two pyrrole rings and one thiophene/selenophene ring connected via five meso‐carbons in the macrocyclic framework. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by HR‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD‐DFT studies. NMR, absorption, and DFT studies indicated the nonaromatic nature of meso‐fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins. The macrocycles displayed one intense band at ∼380 nm along with a shoulder band at 450 nm and a broad band in the region of 590–850 nm which were bathochromically shifted in the monoprotonated derivatives and absorbed prominently in the NIR region with the peak maxima at ∼1035 nm. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles showed three well‐defined oxidations and reductions, and TD‐DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
H2O2‐Inducible DNA Cross‐linking Agents Capable of Releasing Multiple DNA Alkylators as Anticancer Prodrugs
Authors: Cao Sheng , Wang Yibin , Li Daniel , Peng Xiaohua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree compounds with arylboronate esters conjugated with two equivalent nitrogen mustards [bis(2‐chloroethyl)methylamine, HN2] have been synthesized and characterized. These inactive small molecules selectively react with H2O2 to produce multiple DNA cross‐linkers, such as two HN2 molecules alongside a bisquinone methide (bisQM), leading to efficient DNA ICL formation. In comparison to other amine functional groups, using HN2 as a leaving group greatly improves the DNA cross‐linking efficiency of these arylboronate esters as well as cellular activity. The introduction of HN2 in these arylboronate ester analogues favored the generation of bisQM that can directly cross‐link DNA. Two equivalents of HN2 are also generated from these compounds upon treatment with H2O2, which directly produces DNA ICL products. The cumulative effects of HN2 and bisQM on DNA cross‐linking makes these molecules highly effective H2O2‐inducible DNA ICL agents. The three compounds with HN2 as a leaving group showed greatly enhanced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in comparison to those containing trimethyl amine as a leaving group. This provides an effective strategy for further design of novel potential ROS‐activated anticancer prodrugs.
Deletion of aquaporin‐4 improves capillary blood flow distribution in brain edema
Authors: Bordoni Luca , Thoren Anna E. , Gutiérrez‐Jiménez Eugenio , Åbjørsbråten Knut S. , Bjørnstad Daniel M. , Tang Wannan , Stern Mette , Østergaard Leif , Nagelhus Erlend A. , Frische Sebastian , Ottersen Ole P. , Enger Rune 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain edema is a feared complication to disorders and insults affecting the brain. It can be fatal if the increase in intracranial pressure is sufficiently large to cause brain herniation. Moreover, accruing evidence suggests that even slight elevations of intracranial pressure have adverse effects, for instance on brain perfusion. The water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), densely expressed in perivascular astrocytic endfeet, plays a key role in brain edema formation. Using two‐photon microscopy, we have studied AQP4‐mediated swelling of astrocytes affects capillary blood flow and intracranial pressure (ICP) in unanesthetized mice using a mild brain edema model. We found improved regulation of capillary blood flow in mice devoid of AQP4, independently of the severity of ICP increase. Furthermore, we found brisk AQP4‐dependent astrocytic Ca2+ signals in perivascular endfeet during edema that may play a role in the perturbed capillary blood flow dynamics. The study suggests that astrocytic endfoot swelling and pathological signaling disrupts microvascular flow regulation during brain edema formation.
Body‐related shame disrupts attentional focus over time in adolescence
Authors: Vani Madison F. , Lucibello Kristen M. , Welsh Timothy , Sabiston Catherine M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionBody‐related shame is a negative self‐conscious emotion that is heightened during adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Of particular interest, and informed by Objectification Theory, body‐related shame may impact attentional focus because the experience of this intense emotion may limit cognitive resources required to effectively engage in tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between body‐related shame and attentional focus over time during adolescence.MethodsAdolescents (n = 160; Mage ± SD = 16.05 ± 0.98; 80% self‐identifying girls) completed an online survey in 2022 at baseline (Time 1) and 3 months later (Time 2). Stepwise regression was used to test the association between body‐related shame and attentional focus, with weight perception included as a covariate.ResultsThe regression model demonstrated that higher body‐related shame predicted poorer attentional focus 3 months later (β = −0.44, p < .001), after controlling for weight perception (14% variance explained in attention).ConclusionsFindings support and extend theoretical tenets by highlighting the potential importance of targeting body‐related shame to reduce the negative impact on attentional focus among adolescents.