bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening, in vitro antimalarial activity and genetic diversity of selected asteraceae medicinal plants indigenous to Thailand
Authors:   , Liana Desy 
Published: April 2023

The emergence of artemisinin resistance leaded the effort to find the new antimalarial drug or artemisinin activity booster. Due to the chance that secondary metabolites can be evolutionary conserved, combining phylogeny with ethnobotanical data for screening antimalarial activity may be helpful to predict bioactivity and minimize the expenditure and time for laboratory research. The aimed of this study is screening the antimalarial activity, phytochemicals and genetic diversity of selected Asteraceae medicinal plants generated by combinatorial phylogeny and ethnobotanical data.

733 medicinal plants were obtained from literature search however only 340 taxa were met the inclusion and exclusion criteria hence these taxa were further analysis. Obtained 340 Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequences from gene bank NCBI were analyzed by MUSCLE sequence alignment and Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Test to generate the phylogenetic tree. Interactive Tree of Life (ITOL) was used to analyze the clustered pattern in generated phylogenetic tree. Several clades were highlighted consistently in the phylogenetic tree for malaria treatment including Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae while the strong signal was majorly shown in Asteraceae.

Afterwards, 16 ethanolic extract of Thai Asteraceae medicinal plants were investigated to determine the phytochemical screening, antimalarial activity, and the genetic diversity. Alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, diterpenes and lactones were screening by standard method. Antimalarial activity assay was done by DNA fluorescence-based assay against laboratory adapted 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum. Classification of antimalarial activity was done by categorizing the IC50 (µg/mL). In other hand, the genetic diversity was examined. Extracted plant DNA by CTAB method was amplified and sequenced by universal ITS primer. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with Cannabis sativa as outgroup species. MAFFT sequences alignment and RAxML with automatic bootstrapping were performed to generate phylogenetic tree followed by making up with ITOL and Adobe Illustrator 2020.

All 16 ethanolic extract medicinal plants showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids. Among 16 medicinal plants tested, 8 showed active which exhibited good-moderate (1; Sphaeranthus indicus), weak (4; Blumea balsamifera, Artemisia chinensis, Artemisia vulgaris, Tridax procumbens) and very weak (3; Wedelia trilobata, Eupatorium capillifolium, Vernonia cinerea) and the 8 remaining extract were showed inactive. The best promising extract is Sphaeranthus indicus with the IC50 6.59 µg/mL. Constructed phylogenetic tree using ITS region showed to be able to separate the species into their clade tribe based on current classification. In conclusion, phylogeny approach is useful to narrow down the selection of candidate taxa for bioactivity screening.
The influence of sports facilities' accessibility, motivation, and satisfaction on word-of-mouth and re-participation intentions of athletes with physical disabilities
Authors:   , Trongjitpituk Thee 
Published: April 2023

More than a billion people are estimated to live with some form of disability, or about 15% of the world’s population and the number is still growing. People with disabilities are less likely to participate in sports due to several physical barriers they face. In an effort to find ways to increase the sports participation rate of people with disabilities, the concept of marketing (satisfaction, word-of-mouth intention, and re-participation intention) was applied to the field of accessibility for the first time. This study consisted of three objectives: (1) to find out the dimension of sports facilities’ accessibility and motivation, (2) to examine the effect of sports facilities’ accessibility on word-of-mouth and re-participation intentions through satisfaction, and (3) to explore the effect of motivation on re-participation intention. Data were collected from 330 athletes with physical disabilities in 22 disability sports events. Factor analysis revealed seven dimensions of sports facilities’ accessibility and three dimensions of motivation. Structural equation model (SEM) findings demonstrated that sports facilities’ accessibility significantly influenced both word-of-mouth and re-participation intentions through satisfaction, and motivation had a direct effect on re-participation intention. The results of this study broadened the knowledge in the field which later leads to better management and performance of sports facilities, particularly for athletes/people with physical disabilities.
Effects of interleaved form-focused English instruction on Thai lower secondary school students' grammatical knowledge and perception towards the instruction
Authors:   , Rungwichitsin Narongchai 
Published: April 2023

This study investigated the effects of interleaved form-focused instruction (FFI) on Thai lower secondary students’ grammatical knowledge, long-term retention, and their perception towards the instruction. Students took a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a one-week delayed post-test, and were also interviewed at the end of the implementation. The test scores were to investigate the improvement of grammatical knowledge as well as the long-term retention, and the data from the semi-structured interview were analyzed to figure out the perceptions towards the overall instruction. The results showed significant improvement of grammatical knowledge in all areas of form, meaning, and use and also elicited statistical significance of the long-term retention with the increase of scores in both the immediate and delayed post-test. For students’ perception, the results disclosed that interleaved FFI seemed to be harder and more exhausting at first, but after getting familiar with it, the lessons were more preferable. The study recommended that interleaved FFI tended to be an effective method to improve students’ grammatical knowledge and to enhance long-term retention, and that it should be applied in language classroom with well-designed lessons.
Effects of reading instruction using backward design framework and citizenship theme to enhance English reading comprehension and social responsibility of tenth grade Thai EFL students
Authors:   , Chaisa Patamaporn 
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to 1) investigate the effects of reading instruction using Backward Design framework and citizenship theme (BD&CT) to enhance English reading comprehension of tenth grade Thai EFL students, 2) investigate the effects of reading instruction using BD&CT to enhance social responsibility (SR) of the students, 3) explore the opinions of students towards the reading instruction using BD&CT. The participants included 36 tenth grade students who took course in English reading and writing as an additional course in the second semester of the academic year 2019. The research instruments were English reading comprehension test and social responsibility questionnaire, which were administered prior to implementing reading instruction using BD&CT and after implementing the instruction, and which was opinion survey questionnaire employed after implementing the intervention. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The statistical analysis of t-test along with descriptive statistics was used to analyze the quantitative data from English reading comprehension pretest and posttest, also for analyzing the quantitative data from pre-experiment and post-experiment social responsibility questionnaire. From the opinion survey questionnaire, quantitative data from five Likert scale was analyzed using the descriptive statistics and the qualitative data from the open-end questions part were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that (1) the mean scores of English reading comprehension posttest were higher than the mean scores of the pretest at a statistically significant level (p < .05), (2) The mean scores of post-experiment social responsibility were higher than the mean scores of the pre-experiment social responsibility at a statistically significant level (p < .05). (3) Analysis of students’ opinions suggested that they had positive opinions toward the instruction since the designed instruction was beneficial to them in enhancing English reading comprehension and the students’ senses of social responsibility. Keeping with the results of student’s opinions survey, the findings suggested that they had a high engagement in the reading instruction, meanwhile they found the content of the citizenship theme meaningful to their life.
The role of foreigners in the succession struggles in seventeenth century Ayutthaya
Authors:   , Cavins Edward 
Published: April 2023

During the time period that Anthony Reid has called “The Age of Commerce” in Southeast Asia; Ayutthaya attracted an increasing number of merchants and developed into a significant port on the intra-Asian trade route and true cosmopolitan city. Many of these merchants settled in Ayutthaya and formed distinct communities with the preexisting merchants and mercenaries within Ayutthaya and on the outskirts of the city. The increased commerce by these foreign merchants also resulted in a significant expansion of Ayutthaya’s civil administration and a corresponding increase in the number of foreigners employed within the bureaucracy. By the seventeenth century, some foreigners had amassed enough wealth and manpower that they were considered khunnang (nobles) and became critical participants in and frequently determine the outcome of the royal succession conflicts in seventeenth century Ayutthaya. The objective of this research is to study the structural and circumstantial factors associated with the royal succession struggles during the seventeenth century in Ayutthaya as well as compare and contrast the roles and involvement of foreigners in the 1628-1629 and the 1688 royal succession conflicts.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and dosing regimen of long-acting oxytetracycline in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors:   , Vasuntrarak Kananuch 
Published: April 2023

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious global problem and is steadily increasing worldwide. In aquaculture, there are limited antimicrobial options for treatment. Thus, there are growing needs for more specific dosing regimens of existing antimicrobial drugs that are not only to obtain therapeutic efficacy but also to minimize the resistance of pathogens. The purposes of this study were to determine pharmacokinetics (PK) of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) after intraperitoneal (IP) administration in Nile tilapia. One hundred and twenty healthy male tilapia (450±37.47 g) were divided into two experimental groups (60 fish/group). Each group received OTC-LA single IP injection at dosage of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg bodyweight. Blood samples were collected at various times post-dosing and plasma OTC were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For pharmacodynamics (PD) study, 56 S. agalactiae isolates from diseased tilapia were determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) by agar dilution method. The results showed that the Cmax and Tmax of OTC were 110.70 ± 5.61 µg/ml at 2 h for the dosage of 50 mg/kg, and 287.85 ± 8.03 µg/ml at 4 h for the dosage of 100 mg/kg. OTC level in plasma was slowly depleted and remained at 3.99 ± 0.48 µg/ml and 23.00 ± 2.51 µg/ml at 168 h (7 day) after administration OTC-LA at the dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. From 56 S. agalactiae samples, MIC range was 0.5 to 2 µg/ml, with MIC50 and MIC90 at 0.5 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml, respectively. MPC range was 4 to 512 µg/ml, with MPC50 and MPC90 at 32 µg/ml and 128 µg/ml, respectively. For the ratio of MPC and MIC and mutant selection window (MSW) results, MPC50/MIC50 ratio was 64 (MSW: 0.5 - 32 µg/ml) and MPC90/MIC90 ratio was 128 (MSW: 1 -128 µg/ml). From the integrated PK/PD parameters, both OTC-LA at the dosages of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg dosages achieved the target values and provided plasma OTC level above MIC for at least 7 days. While PK/PD parameters based on MPC, only OTC-LA at 100 mg/kg dosage can prevent the resistant-mutant subpopulation. Therefore, OTC-LA treatment at 100 mg/kg bodyweight IP administration would be suggested as the optimal dosing regimen to attain therapeutic efficacy and prevent the emergence of resistant-mutant subpopulation and possible to be used as a single administration for the infection caused by S. agalactiae.
Effects of algae-derived ß-glucan supplementation on production performances and specific immune responses in nursery to growing pigs
Authors:   , Chuaychu Sh.Boonnithi 
Published: April 2023

เบต้ากลูแคนเป็นสารเสริมในอาหารสัตว์ที่มีการใช้กันอย่างแพร่หลายในอุตสาหกรรมการเลี้ยงสุกร ถึงแม้ว่าการเสริมสารเบต้ากลูแคนในสูตรอาหารสุกร จะเชื่อว่าสามารถช่วยพัฒนาการเจริญเติบโตและปรับการทำงานของภูมิคุ้มกันในสุกรได้ แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม ในปัจจุบันยังไม่มีข้อมูลการศึกษาที่ชัดเจนเกี่ยวกับผลของการเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนที่สกัดมาจากสาหร่ายต่ออัตราการเจริญเติบโตและการตอบสนองทางภูมิคุ้มกันโดยเฉพาะระบบภูมิคุ้มกันแบบจำเพาะในสุกร ดังนั้นการศึกษานี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อประเมินผลของการใช้สารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในอาหารสุกรต่อประสิทธิภาพการเจริญเติบโตและการตอบสนองทางภูมิคุ้มกันแบบจำเพาะในสุกรอนุบาลและสุกรขุนเล็ก โดยแบ่งสุกรหย่านมสามสายพันธุ์เป็น 3 กลุ่มการทดลอง ได้แก่ กลุ่มควบคุมที่ได้รับอาหารสูตรมาตรฐาน กลุ่มทดลองที่ 2 และ 3 ได้รับอาหารชนิดเดียวกันที่เสริมด้วยสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในปริมาณ 100 และ 200 กรัมต่อตันตามลำดับ จากการทดลอง ไม่พบความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญของประสิทธิภาพการผลิตและอัตราการเจริญเติบโตของสุกรสุกร การทดสอบการตอบสนองของระบบภูมิคุ้มกันที่จำเพาะหลังการฉีดวัคซีน CSFV และ PRRSV พบว่าสุกรที่ได้รับสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายในอาหาร มีระดับ neutralizing antibody ต่อ CSFV สูงขึ้นอย่างมีนัยยะสำคัญ นอกจากนี้ พบการเพิ่มขึ้นของจำนวนเซลล์ CD4+(T lymphocytes) และ CD4+CD8+ (putative memory T lymphocytes) ซึ่งสร้างไซโตคายน์ IFN-g+ ที่มีความจำเพาะต่อ CSFV และ PRRSV ในกลุ่มสุกรที่ได้รับสารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจากสาหร่ายอีกด้วย จากการศึกษาสรุปได้ว่า ถึงแม้ว่าการให้สารเสริมเบต้ากลูแคนจะไม่สามารถเสริมสมรรถภาพการผลิตของสุกรได้ แต่มีคุณสมบัติทางชีวภาพในการเป็นสารกระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันซึ่งอาจเป็นการเพิ่มความต้านทานโรคติดเชื้อไวรัสในสุกรอนุบาลและสุกรขุนเล็กได้
Localization of tilapia tilapinevirus by in situ hybridization in the brain of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus)
Authors:   , Nguyen Hung 
Published: April 2023

Tilapia tilapinevirus or tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus that poses a significant negative impact on farmed tilapia globally. Abnormal behaviours such as lethargy, loss of appetite, erratic swimming, stop schooling have been recorded during disease occurrence, which is possibly linked to brain activities. Previous studies described detection of the virus in multiple organs of infected fish; however, little is known about the in-depth localization of the virus in the central nervous system. Herein, we determined the distribution of TiLV and histopathological alterations in the entire brain of Nile tilapia experimentally infected fish. By in situ hybridization (ISH) using TiLV-specific probes, the results indicated that the virus was broadly spread throughout the brain. These findings have supported the association between brain dysfunctions and the neurological manifestation of infected fish. Interestingly, the strongest positive TiLV signal was dominantly detected in the forebrain (function as learning, appetitive behavior, and attention) and the hindbrain (function as controlling locomotion and basal physiology). In addition, the permissive cell zone for viral infection mostly was observed to be along the blood vessels and the ventricles, indicating that the virus may effectively enter the brain through the circulatory system and infect broad regions potentially through the cerebrospinal fluid along the ventricles, and subsequently induce the brain dysfunction. Understanding the pattern of viral localization in the brain may help elucidate the neurological disorders of the diseased fish. Our work revealed the first spatial visualization of viral distribution in the whole infected brain, providing new information on fish-virus interactions and also guide future studies to fulfill the disease pathogenesis.
What it Takes to Curb the Court
Authors: Friedman Barry 
Published: April 2023

It is that time again, as it seems to be every several generations, when Court-curbing is in the air. And yet, this period of Court-curbing is importantly different from prior times in which Court-curbing was successful. Start with this obvious point: in prior instances in which attacks on the Court succeeded in some fashion, the challengers had the political muscle to threaten the Court. Now, to be blunt, they don’t have the votes. For that reason alone, much of today’s talk of curbing the Court is overly optimistic at best.	The central question I pursue here is what it would take for the Court to be in actual jeopardy? Drawing from history, I derive a simple set of requirements. There must be a well-defined crisis, as opposed to diffuse frustration and dread about the Court. There also must be a focused, close fit between the nature of the crisis and the proposed remedy. Both of these are necessary to get public support behind a Court-curbing measure. And third, of course, is the votes: support in the political branches is essential to take action against the Court, for the public—no matter how discontent it might be—cannot punish the Court alone.	None of this is the case at present. There is indeed a crisis surrounding the Court, but it is a collection of varied concerns. There is no one focal remedy, but a mélange of proposals. Some Court decisions are out of line with public sentiment and have engendered majoritarian controversy, but other decisions, while unpopular on the left, still have majority support in the country. Perhaps most important, the political system has slid into dysfunction such that it no longer represents majority will anyway—making it extremely difficult to challenge the Court, even if the justices slide over the line.	The final question I take up is what the future might hold. I explore a range of possibilities, from bipartisan support for structural change around the selection system for Supreme Court justices to the justices moving so boldly that they get in hot water and are disciplined. Ultimately, though, I fear outcomes such as these are unlikely, ultimately driving the country toward constitutional crisis.
Attributive Valence of the German verb GEHEN and the Russian Verb ИДТИ (Cognitive Aspect)
Authors: Tultseva Anastasia Eduardovna , Popova Larisa Georgievna 
Published: April 2023

The aim of the work is to identify similarities and differences in the attributive valence of the German verb of movement "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти" in German and Russian. The subject of the study is the sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the above-mentioned verbs in the cognitive aspect. These verbs are considered only in their direct sense, namely from the point of view of transmitting the expression of a person's movement from one point to another. The attributive valence of verbs of movement was chosen due to its insufficient study in comparative linguistics from the position of cognitive linguistics. In the study, the comparative method was used as the main one; methods of semantic and cognitive analysis were also used. The material of the analyzed examples was German and Russian lexicographic sources. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time similar and specific cognitive sectors of the manifestation of the attributive valence of the German verb "gehen" and the Russian verb "идти". As a result of the study, the presence of such sectors of attributive valence as "direction of movement", "type of movement" and "pace of movement" was revealed in the verb "gehen". The analyzed examples of the Russian verb "идти" showed the presence of the following sectors: "time", "direction" and "type of movement", "accomplice of movement", "pace of movement" and mixed cases. As a result of comparative analysis, it was found that in German and Russian there are the following similar sectors of the attributive valence of human movement: "direction", "type" and "pace of movement", and the sectors "direction of movement" and "pace of movement" significantly prevail quantitatively in the analyzed examples. The article also draws conclusions about the peculiarity of the perception of the directional movement of a person in the Russian and German linguistic cultures.
The first Brazilian bovine breed: structure and genetic diversity of the Curraleiro Pé-duro
Authors: Rocha-Silva Mérik , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Barros Britto Fábio , Vieira do Nascimento George , Silva Lilian , Carvalho Geandro , Rodrigues de Medeiros Geovergue 
Published: April 2023

Background
The production of animal-based foods from native breeds have a synergistic relationship with the regional culture, the local climate, and mainly the maintenance of alternative genetic resources for a system with a lower environmental impact. Thus the efficiency of conservation and production depends on assessing the variability of these local breeds. In the case of Curraleiro Pé-duro cattle, the most adapted individuals have undergone natural selection over five hundred years in the Brazilian savannas, mating with little or no human interference. The peculiarities of these biomes, where the regional flora is the food base and cattle is raised in extensive areas, likely influenced the genetic composition of the different groups that make up the first cattle breed of Brazil.

Methods
To evaluate the composition, diversity, variation, differentiation, and genetic structure of the populations studied, samples of hair follicles from 474 individuals of different animal categories (calves, yearlings, heifers, cows, and bulls) from three farms, defined as subpopulations “A”, “B”, and “C”, were collected. The animals were genotyped for 17 microsatellite markers using a DNA sequencer. After verification of monomorphic alleles, alleles outside the expected size range, and for the presence of stutter bands, the results were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results
The markers used were suitable for the proposed application with a mean Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) of 0.62. On average, the effective alleles were 4.25 per marker, with mean heterozygosities of 0.74 (observed and expected), which was lower in herd A (0.70) in comparison to herds B (0.77) and C (0.74). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a higher rate of variation within herds (98.5%) and lower among herds (1.5%) (FSTranging from 0.00723 and 0.03198; p-values < 0.05). However no significant differences among herds where found with the Mantel test based on geographic distances. The formation of genetic clusters of all animals sampled with the software Structure resulted in minimum cluster values, with two main genetic groups (K = 2) observed among the evaluated animals. Therefore, based on PIC and heterozygosity values, a wide genetic diversity was observed, despite little differences in population structure (AMOVA, FST, and Structure results) among sampling sites.