bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Identification Using XGBoost Combined with MAHAKIL in Low-Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Lou Jingyao , Xu Xiaohong , Zhao Zhongxiang , Li Yang , He Youbin 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Low-resistance reservoirs have been of great interest as a key topic in the study of low-permeability reservoirs. Accurate identification of fluid properties is a challenging problem in the effective exploration of such reservoirs. Logging data, as a common identification tool, can provide rich and highly accurate geological information. Here, we combine extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and MAHAKIL’s oversampling method for fluid property identification using logging data from low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. The MAHAKIL method is used to solve the class imbalance problem due to unbalanced training samples, and the data are fed into XGBoost to build a geological model with complex abstract feature weights related to fluid properties through multiple decision trees. We first demonstrate that MAHAKIL can improve the XGBoost model accuracy using four evaluation criteria, namely, the F1-score, recall, precision, and accuracy, among which the F1-score is most applicable to the classification problem of reservoir fluid prediction. Then, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) values are used to demonstrate that MAHAKIL improves the XGBoost model performance. Finally, the results and performance of this method and the traditional XGBoost model with unbalanced real data are compared. The results show that the proposed method is superior for fluid property identification in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs with imbalanced learning samples.
Research on Erosion Characteristics of the Sleeve-Type Blowdown Valve in the Shale Gas Gathering and Transportation Station
Authors: Kou Bo , Liu Enbin , Li Dangjian , Qiao Weibiao , Chen Ruolei , Peng Shanbi 
Published: September 2023

Summary
In the shale gas separation and sewage system, the separator removes the sand and sewage in the produced gas and releases the sand-carrying sewage to the blowdown pipeline. As an important throttling component in this system, the sleeve-type blowdown valve is severely eroded during operation. To address the problem, this paper carries out numerical research on the erosion characteristics during the real opening and closing process of the sleeve-type blowdown valve based on the FLUENT fluid simulation software. The change of the erosion at different velocities, sand mass flow, sand size, and shape coefficient is analyzed, and the main factor affecting the erosion characteristics is evaluated. Based on the above research, a novel blowdown valve is proposed, and the erosion characteristics and flow performance before and after improvement are compared. The results show that when the velocity is 8 m/s, the maximum erosion rate after improvement is 4.79×10−5 kg/(m2·s). Compared with the maximum erosion rate before improvement of 1.22×10−2 kg/(m2·s), the erosion inhibition rate reaches 99.6%. Moreover, the pressure loss is obviously reduced after the improvement, and the flow capacity is enhanced. This provides useful guidance for the improvement of blowdown valves and ensures the safe operation of shale gas production.
Capillary-Sealing Efficiency of Mica-Proxy Caprock for CO2/H2 Geologic Storage in the Presence of Organic Acids and Nanofluids
Authors: Alanazi Amer , Ali Muhammad , Mowafi Mahmoud , Bawazeer Saleh , Kaidar Ziyad K. , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Toward a diversified low-carbon future, the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) is regarded as a key enabler for an industrial-scale implementation. However, many geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, can contain inherent traces of organic molecules that dramatically affect their storage capacities and caprock sealing efficiency. Hence, using the right analysis to accurately determine the caprock sealing efficiency and storage capacity in the presence of organics is crucial for a secure and safe storage process. This study analyzed the sealing potential of a proxy caprock (mica) by calculating the capillary entry pressure and static column height of CO2 and H2 using previously published contact angle measurements. In addition, the effects of key parameters such as pressure (up to 25 MPa), temperature (308 K, 323 K, and 343 K), and pore throat size (r = 5 nm and 10 nm) were demonstrated, along with those of organic acids (lignoceric acid C24, stearic acid C18, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) and alumina nanofluids, on the wettability, capillary sealing efficiency, and static column height of the gas. The results indicated that the sealing efficiency and storage capacity for CO2 and H2 decrease with the increase in pressure and surface concentration of organic acid but increase with the increase in temperature. The analysis demonstrated a theoretical inverse relationship between the capillary entry pressure and the pore throat radius. Thus, the smaller the pore size, the more suitable the conditions for sealing and storage capacity. Furthermore, the wettability and sealing efficiency of the organic-aged mica/CO2 system were improved by the addition of nanoalumina, with an optimal nanofluid concentration of 0.25 wt%. In a nutshell, this work has provided a detailed theoretical workflow for assessing the influence of various parameters on the wettability, sealing efficiency, and storage capacity of mica substrates (as a proxy caprock) for the safe and secure geological storage of H2 and CO2.
New validated LC-MS/MS simultaneous estimation of Lopinavir and Ritonavir
Authors: Nalini Nalini Kanta Sahoo , Hung Bui Thanh Hung , Prasun Prasun Chakrabarti , Madhusmita Madhusmita Sahu , Shweta Shweta Singh Chauhan , Kiran P Chaitanya Kiran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An inferior competitor is a successful invader due to its stress tolerance and productivity
Authors: Tesfay Yohannes B. , Blaschke Annika , Kreyling Juergen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The invasion of ecosystems by non-native species is recognized as one of the most significant global challenges,
particularly in semiarid regions where native biodiversity is already under stress from drought and land
degradation. The implicit assumption is that invaders are strong competitors, but a greenhouse pairwise
experiment conducted to examine intraspecific and interspecific competition effects of Opuntia ficus-indica, a
widespread invader in semiarid ecosystems, with two species native to the highlands of Eritrea, Ricinus
communis and Solanum marginatum, revealed that O. ficus-indica is a weak competitor. The unique ability of O.
ficus-indica's fallen cladodes to undergo vegetative growth becomes a fundamental trait contributing to its
spread. This growth strategy allows O. ficus-indica to outgrow native species and establish a significant
presence. In direct interaction, the competition in aboveground productivity measured by the logarithmic
response ratio for O. ficus-indica was 3.4-fold and 5.9-fold higher than for R. communis and S. marginatum,
respectively. Belowground, the native R. communis was facilitated (-1.00±0.69) by O. ficus-indica which itself
suffered from high competition. This pattern became even more evident under water shortage, where
aboveground competition for S. marginatum decreased 5.7-fold, and for O. ficus-indica, it increased 1.4-fold.
Despite being a poor competitor, O. ficus-indica outperformed R. communis and S. marginatum in both
aboveground (4.3 and 3.8 times more) and belowground (27 and 2.8 times more) biomass production,
respectively. The findings of this study challenge the common interpretation that invasive species are strong
competitors and highlight the importance of considering other factors, such as productivity and tolerance limits
when assessing the potential impacts of invasive species on semiarid ecosystems.
Model uncertainty in synoptic circulation patterns and precipitation changes in Southern South America using CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Authors: Olmo Matias , Bettolli Maria Laura , Balmaceda-Huarte Rocio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effects of global warming on the regional climate of southern South America (SSA) during the recent decades have been exhaustively documented with consistency throughout the literature. However, the projected changes on temperature- and precipitation-related climate hazards depict an important uncertainty, mostly in the intensity of the changes. This work assessed a set of CMIP5 and CMIP6 global climate models (GCMs) in reproducing the observed atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs) over SSA and their expected changes for the 21st century. Furthermore, the attribution of the seasonal precipitation changes to changes in the CPs was explored for the late future (2070–2100). GCMs were generally able to represent the variety of CPs and their seasonal frequencies, although presenting more deficiencies in capturing their respective precipitation patterns over SSA. Larger model agreement was found in the increasing and/or decreasing frequency of specific CPs for the near future (2040–2070) than for the late future, when model spread became more noticeable. Particularly, CPs associated with larger positive rainfall anomalies over southeastern South America -a hotspot for precipitation extremes- are expected to become more frequent in the near future, whereas their changes in the longer-term are more uncertain. When performing an attributional study, precipitation changes showed important differences between GCMs and were often associated with changes in the intra-pattern variability rather than in the CPs changing frequency. In this way, the modification of the precipitation regime of SSA may not be explained only by changes in the large-scale circulation but probably also by other regional-to-local features.
ADHD detection based on time frequency image and deep-learning CNN from event-related EEG
Authors: Jacob Liya Alice , S Biju K , U. Sangeetha , Ramachandran Sivakumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that often begins at childhood and can persist into adulthood. Children with this disability often cannot sit still in a place and have to bear academic losses due to inattention and behavioral spontaneity, which inhibit them in executing demanding or repetitive tasks.
Time frequency image (TFI) of electroencephalogram (EEG) was used in a deep learning model to detect ADHD, and the effects of theta (4–8 Hz) and upper- beta and lower- gamma (13–40 Hz) waves in an ADHD patient were compared. Results were further supported with gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based machine learning approach and statistical analysis. A TFI feature extraction network for ADHD detection based on convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed and trained. The model achieved 95.36\% overall test accuracy on ADHD detection with test accuracy of 99.75\% and 91.25\% at the 4–8 Hz and 13–40 Hz bands, respectively. Textural features, including the GLCM features, were extracted from the TFIs and were learned by using a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. An overall classification accuracy of 93.16\% was obtained by the KNN with 96.5\% and 90.00\% test accuracy at the 4–8 Hz and 13–40 Hz bands, respectively. The statistical analysis with ANOVA showed significant results of \<0.001 for all the 13 features studied. The TFI-based CNN model and GLCM-based KNN classifier supported higher ADHD-related information at the theta band compared with the upper- beta and lower- gamma bands.
GRSF1 antagonizes age-associated hypercoagulability via modulation of fibrinogen mRNA stability
Authors: Chen Jun , Liu Doudou , Xu Chenzhong , Gong Ze , Zhao Yijie , Fang Zhiqiang , Rao Xiaoli , Chen Qingyu , Li Guodong , Kong Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Age-associated hypercoagulability is accompanied with the increase of plasma levels of some coagulation factors including ﬁbrinogen which may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and thrombotic diseases in elderly people. However, the underlying mechanism of increased plasma ﬁbrinogen concentration during aging is still elusive. GRSF1 belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins F/H (hnRNP F/H) subfamily. Here, we report GRSF1 attenuates hypercoagulability via negative modulation of fibrinogen expression. We demonstrated that GRSF1 negatively regulated fibrinogen expression at both mRNA and protein levels. GRSF1 directly interacted with coding region (CDS) of FGA, FGB, and FGG mRNAs, and decreased their stability thus mitigating fibrinogen expression. We further identified that only few G-tracts within Fib C domain of FGA, FGB, and FGG CDS and qRRM2 domain of GRSF1 were required for their interaction. Moreover, we confirmed hypercoagulability and the decrease of GRSF1 expression level during mice aging. Functionally, GRSF1 overexpression in old mice liver decreased fibrinogen plasma level, reduced hypercoagulability, and mitigated blood coagulation activity, whereas GRSF1 knockdown in young mice liver increased fibrinogen plasma level and promoted blood coagulation activity. Collectively, our findings unveil a novel posttranscriptional regulation of fibrinogen by GRSF1 and uncover a critical role of GRSF1 in regulating blood coagulation activity.
Cost-effective mitigation of urban congestion with adaptive traffic signal control
Authors: Gu Baojing , Wu Kan , Ding Jianrong , Lin Jingli , Zheng Guanjie , Huang Qian , Xu Tu , Zhu Yongdong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urban congestion is a widespread issue with detrimental effects on urban efficiency, energy consumption, and pollution levels. Traditional approaches to mitigating congestion, such as increasing transport infrastructures or reducing travel demands, can be costly or inequitable for residents. Adaptive traffic signal control is a less understood method that may potentially improve intersection efficiency and reduce congestion without changing travel demands or transport infrastructures. By analyzing the top 100 congested cities in China, here we show that adaptive traffic signal control reduces trip time by 11% and 8% during peak and off-peak hours, respectively, compared to pretimed traffic signals. This reduction in congestion also results in a decrease in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of 12 million tonnes (Mt) and 40 Mt, respectively. Although implementing adaptive traffic signal control requires an annual cost of US$1.5 billion, the resulting societal benefits, mainly fuel savings and CO2 reduction, amount to US$40.4 billion per year for the 100 congested cities in China. To encourage the adoption of this method, a central system is necessary to facilitate traffic data sharing across sectors, which will require policy and technological innovation.
The amyloid precursor protein and its derived fragments concomitantly contribute to the alterations of mitochondrial transport machinery in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vaillant-Beuchot Loan , Eysert Fanny , Duval Blandine , Kinoshita Paula , Pardossi-Piquard Raphaëlle , Bauer Charlotte , Eddarkaoui Sabiha , Buee Luc , Checler Frédéric , Chami Mounia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Mitochondria dysfunctions and mitophagy failure have been associated with several Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related molecular actors including amyloid beta (Aβ) and recently the amyloid precursor protein-C terminal fragments (APP-CTFs). The efficacy of the mitophagy process in neurons relies on regulated mitochondrial transport along axons involving a complex molecular machinery. The contribution of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its derived fragments to the mitochondrial transport machinery alterations in AD have not been investigated before. We report herein a change of the expression of mitochondrial transport proteins (SNPH and Miro1), motor adaptors (TRANK1 and TRAK2) and components of the dynein and kinesin motors (i.e. IC1,2 and Kif5 (A, B, C) isoforms) by endogenous APP and by overexpression of APP carrying the familial Swedish mutation (APPswe). We show that APP-CTFs and Aβ concomitantly regulate the expression of a set of transport proteins in APPswe cells treated with β- and γ-secretase inhibitors and by using cells Knock-down for presenilin 1 and 2. We further reported the impact of APP-CTFs on the expression of transport proteins in AAV-injected C99 mice brains. Our data also indicate that both APP-CTFs and Aβ oligomers (Aβo) impair the localization of transport proteins in mitochondria as demonstrated in differentiated SH-SY5Y-APPswe cells treated with β- and γ-secretase inhibitors and in Aβo-treated differentiated SH-SY5Y naive cells. Importantly, we uncover that the expression of a set of transport proteins is modulated in a disease-dependent manner in 3xTgAD mice and in human sporadic AD brains. This study highlights molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial transport defect in AD that likely contribute to mitophagy failure and disease progression.
The Urban Nature Indexes (UNI): A New, Flexible Tool to Comprehensively Monitor Urban Ecological Performance
Authors: Pierce Jennifer , Costadone Laura , Manetti Lelani , Morpurgo Joeri , Green Charlyn , Halder Michael , Guijosa Pablo Lopez , Bogan Abner , Galt Russell , Hughes Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the Urban Nature Indexes (UNI), a comprehensive tool that measures urban ecological performance under one standard framework linked to global commitments. The UNI was developed by interdisciplinary experts and evaluated by practitioners from diverse cities to capture each city’s ecological footprint from local to global scale. The UNI comprises six themes (consumption drivers, human pressures, habitat status, species status, nature’s contributions to people, and governance responses) that encompass measurable impacts on climate change, biodiversity loss, ecosystem services, pollution, consumption, water management, and equity within one comprehensive system. Cities then adapt the UNI to their context and capacity by selecting among indicator topics within each theme. This adaptability and holistic approach position the UNI as an essential instrument for nature-positive transformations. With the institutional support of IUCN, the UNI offers an unprecedented opportunity for cities to assess and enhance their contributions towards a more sustainable and biodiverse future.
Thirty-years of genetic counselling education in Europe: a growing professional area.
Authors: Paneque Milena , O´Shea Rosie , Narravula Alekhya , Siglen Elen , Ciuca Andrada , Abulí Anna , Serra-Juhe Clara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Genetic counselling education and training in Europe spans a continuum of 30 years. More master programs are opening due to the demand for qualified genetic counsellors. This report describes the evolution of training in Europe and the current state of genetic counselling training programs. Directors of master programs in Europe were invited to complete an online survey describing their program, including; year of commencement, course duration, number of students, frequency of intake and number graduating. Results of the survey were presented at a closed meeting at the European Society of Human Genetics conference in 2022 along with a facilitated stakeholder engagement session in which 19 professionals participated to understand the challenges in delivering genetic counselling education in Europe. A total of 10 active programs exists in Europe with the first training program established in 1992. The majority of training programs have a 2-year duration, with just over half of programs having an annual intake of students. Up to May 2022, 710 students have graduated from genetic counselling training programs across Europe. Of these, 670 students graduated from European Board of Medical Genetics-registered programs. Arranging clinical placements, clinical and counselling supervision of students, research collaboration for MSc research projects and incorporating genomics into the curriculum were identified as current challenges for genetic counselling education. Genetic counselling is still a developing profession in Europe and this historical and current view of the European genetic counsellor pathways, allows for educational and professional standards to be examined as the profession evolves into the future.
Transcriptomic dynamics in the transition from ground to space are revealed by Virgin Galactic human-tended suborbital spaceflight
Authors: Ferl Robert , Zhou Mingqi , Strickland Hunter , Haveman Natasha , Callaham Jordan , Bandla Sirisha , Ambriz Daniel , Paul Anna-Lisa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Virgin Galactic Unity 22 mission conducted the first astronaut-manipulated suborbital spaceflight experiment. The experiment examined the operationalization of Kennedy Space Center Fixation Tubes (KFTs) as a generalizable approach to preserving biology at various phases of suborbital flight. The biology chosen for this experiment was Arabidopsis thaliana, ecotype Col-0, because of the plant’s history of spaceflight experimentation within KFTs and wealth of comparative data from orbital experiments. KFTs were deployed as a wearable device, a leg pouch attached to the astronaut, which proved to be operationally effective during the course of the flight. Data from the inflight samples indicated that the microgravity period of the flight elicited the strongest transcriptomic responses as measured by the number of genes showing differential expression. Genes related to reactive oxygen species and stress, as well as genes associated with orbital spaceflight, were highly represented among the suborbital gene expression profile. In addition, gene families largely unaffected in orbital spaceflight were diversely regulated in suborbital flight, including stress-responsive transcription factors. The human-tended suborbital experiment demonstrated the operational effectiveness of the KFTs in suborbital flight and suggests that rapid transcriptomic responses are a part of the temporal dynamics at the beginning of physiological adaptation to spaceflight.
The sound of Parkinson’s disease: a model of audible bradykinesia
Authors: de Graaf Debbie , Araújo Rui , Derksen Madou , Zwinderman Koos , de Vries Nienke M , Inthout Joanna , Bloem Bastiaan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Evaluation of bradykinesia is based on four motor tasks from the MDS-UPDRS. Visually scoring these motor tasks is subjective, resulting in significant interrater variability. Recent observations suggest that it may be easier to hear the characteristic features of bradykinesia, such as the decrement in amplitude or force of repetitive movements.

Objectives: To evaluate whether audio signals derived during four MDS-UPDRS tasks can be used to detect and grade bradykinesia, using two machine learning models.

Methods: 54 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 28 healthy controls were filmed while executing the bradykinesia motor tasks. Several features were extracted from the audio signal, including number of taps, speed, amplitude, decrement and freezes. For each motor task, two supervised machine learning models were trained, Logistic Regression (LR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Results: Both classifiers were able to separate patients from controls reasonably well for the leg agility task, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.92 (95%CI: 0.78-0.99) for LR and 0.93 (0.81-1.00) for SVM. Also, models were able to differentiate less severe bradykinesia from severe bradykinesia, particularly for the pronation-supination motor task, with AUC: 0.90 (0.62-1.00) for LR and 0.82 (0.45-0.97) for SVM.

Conclusions: This audio-based approach discriminates PD from healthy controls with moderate-high accuracy and separated individuals with less severe bradykinesia from those with severe bradykinesia. Sound analysis may contribute to the identification and monitoring of bradykinesia.