bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight and Blood‐Based Markers of Cachexia Predict Disability, Hospitalization and Worse Survival in Cancer Immunotherapy Patients
Authors: Tran Steven D. , Forrest Noah J. , Guggilla Vijeeth , Perottino Geovanni M. , Johnson Jodi L. , Sosman Jeffrey , Roy Ishan , Walunas Theresa L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer‐associated cachexia can inhibit immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy efficacy. Cachexia's effect on ICI therapy has not been studied in large cohorts of cancer patients aside from lung cancer. We studied associations between real‐world routinely collected clinical cachexia markers and disability‐free, hospitalization‐free and overall survival of cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of electronic health records (EHR) of patients with lung, renal cell, melanoma and other cancers treated with ICI therapy at Northwestern Medicine of Chicago, IL, United States, between March 2011 and January 2022. Weight, body mass index, absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, albumin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) measures were analysed to calculate the Fearon consensus criteria for cachexia, weight loss grading system (WLGS) score, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) at ICI therapy initiation. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine associations between these metrics and disability‐free, hospitalization‐free and overall survival.ResultsEHR analysis uncovered 3285 cancer patients on ICI therapy (54% > 65 years of age, 50.7% male, 77.7% White). At ICI therapy initiation, 1282 (39.0%) patients had cachexia (consensus criteria), 1641 (50.0%) had a WLGS score ≥ 2, 1806 (55.0%) had an NLR > 3, 1087 (33.1%) had albumin < 3.5 g/dL and 1318 (40.1%) had a PNI < 44. Missing measurements included CRP missing for 98.2% and mGPS missing for 98.6% of patients. Disability‐free (n = 1373), hospitalization‐free (n = 2374) and overall survival (n = 1599) events were analysed with 1‐year rates of 65% (64%–67%), 35% (34%–37%) and 65% (63%–66%), respectively. Multivariate Cox model analyses showed hazard ratios (HR) for cachexia at 1.58 (95% CI 1.38–1.80), 1.47 (95% CI 1.33–1.63) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.75–2.23) for disability, hospitalization and death, respectively. HRs for WLGS ≥ 2 were 1.45 (95% CI 1.28–1.66), 1.37 (95% CI 1.24–1.51) and 1.91 (95% CI 1.69–2.17). HRs for NLR > 3 were 1.57 (95% CI 1.35–1.83), 1.40 (95% CI 1.25–1.58) and 1.95 (95% CI 1.67–2.27). HRs for albumin < 3.5 g/dL were 1.33 (95% CI 1.15–1.54), 1.67 (95% CI 1.50–1.86) and 2.09 (95% CI 1.84–2.36). HRs for PNI < 44 were 1.60 (95% CI 1.39–1.84), 1.46 (95% CI 1.31–1.63) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.80–2.37).ConclusionsFearon consensus criteria, WLGS, NLR, albumin and PNI were routinely collected at ICI initiation in regular clinical practice and predictive of worse disability‐free, hospitalization‐free and overall survival in cancer patients receiving ICI therapy. These routine clinical measures may aid prognostication and decision‐making in cancer patients with cachexia.
Helminth extracellular vesicles co‐opt host monocytes to drive T cell anergy
Authors: Borup Anne , Sharifpour Mohammad Farouq , Rossen Litten S. , Whitehead Bradley , Boysen Anders T. , Olesen Rikke , Bohn Anja B. , Ridolfi Andrea , Brucale Marco , Valle Francesco , Paolini Lucia , Radeghieri Annalisa , Bergese Paolo , Miles Kim , Veitch Margaret , Thomas Tamara , Ruscher Roland , Wangchuk Phurpa , Giacomin Paul , Loukas Alex , Nejsum Peter 
Published: January 2025

AbstractParasitic helminths secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) into their host tissues to modulate immune responses, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We demonstrate that Ascaris EVs are efficiently internalised by monocytes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and increase the percentage of classical monocytes. Furthermore, EV treatment of monocytes induced a novel anti‐inflammatory phenotype characterised by CD14+, CD16−, CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2−) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)+ cells. In addition, Ascaris EVs induced T cell anergy in a monocyte‐dependent mechanism. Targeting professional phagocytes to induce both direct and indirect pathways of immune modulation presents a highly novel and efficient mechanism of EV‐mediated host‐parasite communication. Intra‐peritoneal administration of EVs induced protection against gut inflammation in the dextran sodium sulphate model of colitis in mice. Ascaris EVs were shown to affect circulating immune cells and protect against gut inflammation; this highlights their potential as a subject for further investigation in inflammatory conditions driven by dysregulated immune responses. However, their clinical translation would require further studies and careful consideration of ethical implications.
Evidence‐Based De‐Escalation of Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ballal Devesh S. , Saklani Avanish P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAdvancements in cancer care have significantly extended the life expectancy of rectal cancer patients and the impact of treatment‐related toxicity on long‐term quality of life has become a crucial factor in determining the most suitable type of neoadjuvant therapy, particularly for patients who are likely to undergo surgery. While radiotherapy has traditionally been regarded as the cornerstone for achieving improved local control in rectal cancer, it is accompanied by a range of associated complications, including bowel and bladder dysfunction, gonadal ablation, and Low Anterior Resection Syndrome. De‐escalation of treatment is undoubtedly beneficial for many patients, and this approach should be tailored to consider their expectations while prioritizing patient care in decision‐making. Although there is inadequate data to support the oncologic safety of a watch‐and‐wait approach without radiation or to omit radiation in patients with suspicious lateral pelvic lymph nodes, sufficient evidence exists to justify de‐escalation by avoiding radiation before surgery in many other patients who respond well to chemotherapy.
A Packaged MISL Dual‐Band Unequal‐Order Bandpass Filter Using Hybrid Resonant Cells
Authors: Wu Yi , Ma Kaixue , Yin Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an unequal‐order bandpass filter (BPF) using packaged multilayer metal‐integrated suspended line (MISL) technology. Our proposed multimode hybrid resonant cells combine high‐ patches and slotline modes, allowing for the achievement of three independent controllable frequencies and compact sizes. The key advantage of this resonator is the ability to collect and utilize different resonance modes, enabling the design of unequal‐order dual‐band BPFs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed concept, a series of filters with unequal orders were simulated. Additionally, a filter (third‐order for the first passband and sixth‐order for the second passband) was designed, simulated, and tested. The test results demonstrated that the unequal‐order filters proposed by us possess advantages of wide bandwidth, low loss, and unequal‐order filtering responses.
Compact/Deep and Wide Harmonic Suppressed Filtering Wilkinson Power Divider
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Sen Gobinda , Parui S. K. , Das S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis letter presents a filtering Wilkinson power divider (WPD) with good in‐band and out‐of‐band performance based on a filtering impedance inverter (FII). The FII consists of a high‐pass filter (HPF) and a low‐pass filter (LPF). This FII is capable to produce a required value of phase shift at the designed frequency and matched with any impedance value. To validate this, the quarter wavelength lines of conventional WPD having an impedance of 70.7 Ω are replaced by FII. Therefore, the proposed power divider provides bandpass response and power division simultaneously within a small circuit area. The physical area of the proposed power divider occupies only 30% (0.12λg × 0.16λg, where λg is guided wavelength) circuit area of the conventional WPD. Moreover, the in‐band return loss and isolation were better than 30 dB and the out‐of‐band rejection level was better than −25 dB up to 6.5f0 obtained.
Three‐dimensional high‐isotropic‐resolution MR fingerprinting optimized for 0.55 T
Authors: Cao Xiaozhi , Liao Congyu , Zhu Zheren , Li Zhitao , Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Nishmura Mark , Wang Zhixing , Wang Nan , Zhou Zihan , Chen Quan , Abraham Daniel , Majumdar Sharmila , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier , Yang Yang , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo provide a fast quantitative imaging approach for a 0.55T scanner, where signal‐to‐noise ratio is limited by the field strength and k‐space sampling speed is limited by a lower specification gradient system.MethodsWe adapted the three‐dimensional spiral projection imaging MR fingerprinting approach to 0.55T scanners, with additional features incorporated to improve the image quality of quantitative brain and musculoskeletal imaging, including (i) improved k‐space sampling efficiency, (ii) Cramér‐Rao lower bound optimized flip‐angle pattern for specified T1 and T2 at 0.55 T, (iii) gradient trajectory correction, (iv) attention‐based denoising, and (v) motion estimation and correction.ResultsThe proposed MRF acquisition and reconstruction framework can provide high‐quality 1.2‐mm isotropic whole‐brain quantitative maps and 1‐mm isotropic knee quantitative maps, each acquired in 4.5 min. The proposed method was validated in both phantom and in vivo brain and knee studies.ConclusionBy proposing novel methods and integrating advanced techniques, we achieved high‐isotropic‐resolution MRF on a 0.55T scanner, demonstrating enhanced efficiency, motion resilience, and quantitative accuracy.
The Rule Rather Than the Exception! Multi‐Predator Actualistic Accumulations From Cau del Duc (Lleida, Spain) and Their Implications for the Interpretation of the Archaeopaleontological Record
Authors: Mignino Julián , Rufà Anna , Alonso Goizane , Arilla Maite , Blasco Ruth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNumerous zooarchaeological cases have reported the presence of more than one type of predator as causal agents in the formation of the bone record in karstic contexts. However, modern analogs capable of supporting these interpretations from actualistic cases are practically nonexistent. In this paper, we present the analysis of a leporid assemblage accumulated in a cave where the action of different non‐human predators converged. The exhaustive taphonomic analyses suggest that these remains were accumulated by more than one type of predator as the majority product of non‐ingested remains. In comparison with other studies carried out at the same site, we could affirm that the genesis of this assemblage is due to the predatory action of nocturnal birds of prey and carnivorous mammals that carried their prey to this cave. We discuss these results and provide information to enrich archaeological and paleontological studies in contexts with combined taphonomic problems.
Fabrication of polylactide composites with silver nanoparticles by sputtering deposition and their antimicrobial and antiviral applications
Authors: Demchenko Valeriy , Mamunya Yevgen , Sytnyk Illia , Iurzhenko Maksym , Krivtsun Igor , Rybalchenko Nataliya , Naumenko Krystyna , Artiukh Liubov , Kowalczuk Marek , Demchenko Olena , Marynin Andrii 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSilver‐containing composites formed by sputtering deposition on the surface of polylactide (PLA) films have been developed; they contain a layer of silver nanoparticles of different thicknesses depending on the deposition time, namely 1, 3 and 5 min. It was found that with a deposition time of 5 min a layer with a thickness of ca 100 nm is formed. The average size of the Ag nanoparticles is 5.9 nm, and the average specific surface area Ssp is 97 m2 g−1. The samples obtained were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, TEM, TGA and DSC and their antimicrobial, antiviral and cytotoxic properties were studied as well. It was found that the thinnest layer of silver (deposited for 1 min) has the greatest effect on the PLA's heat resistance and glass transition temperature. PLA‐Ag composites formed by silver sputtering deposition show antimicrobial activity against the studied test cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the activity of the samples increases with increasing duration of silver deposition. PLA‐Ag composites formed by silver deposition for 5 min had a weak virucidal effect against herpes simplex virus type 1 and influenza virus type A. Irrespective of the sputtering time of silver the composites obtained were not cytotoxic; at a dilution of 1:10 and more they did not significantly inhibit the viability of MDCK, BHK and Hep‐2 cells. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
A New Method of Quality Evaluation for Electromagnet Products Based on SOM‐Kmeans and Enhanced TODIM
Authors: Pang Jihong , Shi Yuxuan , Zhou Siwei , Dai Jinkun , Li Yong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn order to gain an advantage in the fierce market competition, enterprises need to establish a continuous and strict evaluation system for product quality. In addition, the complexity of mechatronic products requires that the evaluation method must be able to reflect the quality information comprehensively. However, current approaches for quality evaluation often grapple with subjectivity and do not fully mine the quality data. A novel methodology for product quality evaluation grounded in clustering and decision principles is introduced in this study. Initially, a self‐organizing map (SOM) and K‐means clustering are applied to the quality data to determine the number of quality categories. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to derive the decision weights for the quality assessment procedure. This step effectively reduces the complexity associated with quality evaluation data and enhances the clarity of the findings. Finally, the TODIM (abbreviation for interactive and multicriterial decision‐making in Portuguese) method is utilized to scrupulously score each quality category. The efficacy and utility of the proposed method are corroborated through an empirical case study. This research underscores that the introduced approach offers a scalable and highly adaptable solution for quality assessment of other products.
Effects of soil compost load on water‐extractable organic matter content and its UV‐ and fluorescence‐based compositional characteristics
Authors: Rotbart Nativ , Oren Adi , Guetta Yotam , Medina Shlomit , Laor Yael , Raviv Michael , Yermiyahu Uri , Borisover Mikhail , Rinot Oshri , Braude Elan , Bar‐Tal Asher 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of compost increases soil organic matter (SOM) content; however, there is a lack of information on the short‐ and long‐term effects of compost application on the dynamics of labile SOM pools in compost‐amended soils in semiarid region. The goal of this study is to distinguish between parameters that can be used for investigating the accumulative effects of compost application and parameters that are sensitive for short‐term changes but diminish with time. To address this goal, we focused on (1) the effects of compost application rates on short‐term dynamics of soil contents of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), cold water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC), and hot water‐extractable organic carbon (HWEOC), respectively, and (2) composition of WEOC and HWEOC characterized using (i) absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254) representing the presence of aromatic components and (ii) fluorescence spectroscopy of excitation–emission matrices coupled with parallel factor analysis. Soil samples were taken from a long‐term field experiment in semiarid region, which investigated the effects of the annual load of a cattle manure‐based compost (at rates of 0, 20, 40, or 60 m3 ha−1 year−1) on soil properties and crop performance. C concentrations in soil water extracts were found to be sensitive indicators of compost‐load effect on soil organic carbon content. Compost dose had a strong short‐term (2 weeks) impact on MBC, but no long‐term (over months and years) effect was observed. Of the variables examined in the short term, the MBC, WEOC, and Abs254 values of the extracts were found to be the most responsive to compost load. The proportion of the fluorescent constituents out of the WEOC and HWEOC decreased with compost dose. UV‐ and fluorescence‐spectroscopy were found to be useful means to characterize the influence of compost load on the composition of water‐extractable organic matter and hot water‐extractable organic matter in semiarid region.
Heat transfer in the entrance region of annular laminar flow with constant and different heat flux on two walls
Authors: Gökaslan Mustafa Yasin , Kuddusi Yasemen , Kuddusi Lütfullah 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHeat transfer differs in the regions where the flow is developed and developing thermally. These regions can be differentiated by using the thermal entry length. Many researchers have presented correlations to determine the thermal entry length for natural and forced convection. In this study, heat transfer in the entrance region of a concentric annuli is investigated. It is accepted that beginning from the inlet of annuli the flow is developed hydrodynamically and it is developing thermally. Heat transfer is investigated where the internal or external surfaces of the annuli are at constant but different heat fluxes. The fluid velocity is assumed to be constant or radially variable. Due to thermal boundary conditions, one thermal boundary layer appears on the outer cylinder surface, another on the inner cylinder surface. The edge of two boundary layers will be adiabatic and naturally, the temperature of fluid between the two edges will be equal to free stream temperature. Transformation, Separation of Variables method, eigenvalue problem, Sturm‐Liouville system, Bessel differential equation and properties of orthogonal functions are used in solution of the problem. Exact and analytical solutions of the momentum and energy equations are presented. Velocity and temperature distributions, local Nusselt numbers and convection heat transfer coefficients are calculated for the internal and external surfaces of annuli.
The Case for Autonomy: A Military, and Legal, Option for Creating Capacity to Handle Challenges in the South China Sea
Authors: Tuckett Caroline 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The number and type of disputes emerging in the South China Sea are many and complex. However, there are two key challenges, faced by many littoral States in the South China Sea which are consistent, and interlinked. The first one are attempted restrictions on the freedom of navigation as provided for under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. The second one is the need to build capacity to increase Maritime Domain Awareness, which in turn, will assist in upholding the freedom of navigation.
Opportunities and Challenges Associated with Synergy Between the Mekong Sub-Regional Cooperation Frameworks and the ASEAN-Led Mechanisms
Authors: Sayavongs Mai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Mekong River, which originates from the Tibet Plateau, China (called the Lancang River in China), is the 12th longest river in the world. The Mekong River plays a critical role in the livelihoods of the peoples in the sub-region since it is one of the main sources of food and water that supports the agricultural industry in most of the Mekong countries. Mekong sub-region is a strategic connecting point between mainland Southeast Asia and China as well as between mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia. The Mekong sub-region is one of the most dynamic and strategic geographies in the world.
Synthesis of micro-micro titanium composite powder with the electrostatic adsorption process
Authors: Ali Mubasher , Lin Feng , Tan Yuanfu , Su Zhou , Liao Wei-Hsin , Wong Hay 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the production of commercially pure grade 4 titanium (Ti) composite powder via electrostatic adsorption. Unlike previous research focusing on nano-micro particles, this study explores the utilisation of surface charges (ions) to form a micro-scale composite powder, offering a novel approach in the field. The study investigates the impact of key electrostatic adsorption variables — pH value, stirring duration, host particle size and guest particle loading — on adsorption efficiency. It analyses the composite powder’s chemical composition, crystalline structures and adsorption efficiency using EDX, XRD and SEM techniques. The results show high adsorption efficiency is achieved when the guest (at 10% loading) and host particles are adjusted with pH-2 and pH-12, respectively, and stirred for 1 min. Moreover, more abundant adsorption sites led to better efficiency of larger host particles. No significant changes were observed in the chemical and crystalline structure (remained the same; α-Ti) of the composite powder except for the presence of Na and Cl. The study uncovers methods for creating micro-micro Ti composite powder, optimising adsorption efficiency. The powder has diverse applications, including metal injection moulding, binder jetting, selective laser melting and other powder-based processes. This study investigates the creation of micro-micro commercially pure grade 4 titanium composite powder.
A model theoretic perspective on matrix rings
Authors: Klep Igor , Tressl Marcus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper natural necessary and sufficient conditions for quantifier elimination of matrix rings

$$M_n(K)$$

M
n

(
K
)

in the language of rings expanded by two unary functions, naming the trace and transposition, are identified. This is used together with invariant theory to prove quantifier elimination when K is an intersection of real closed fields. On the other hand, it is shown that finding a natural definable expansion with quantifier elimination of the theory of

$$M_n(\mathbb {C})$$

M
n

(
C
)

is closely related to the infamous simultaneous conjugacy problem in matrix theory. Finally, for various natural structures describing dimension-free matrices it is shown that no such elimination results can hold by establishing undecidability results.
The localization method applied to k-elongated plane partitions and divisibility by 5
Authors: Banerjee Koustav , Smoot Nicolas Allen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The enumeration

$$d_k(n)$$

d
k

(
n
)

of k-elongated plane partition diamonds has emerged as a generalization of the classical integer partition function p(n). We have discovered an infinite congruence family for

$$d_5(n)$$

d
5

(
n
)

modulo powers of 5. Classical methods cannot be used to prove this family of congruences. Indeed, the proof employs the recently developed localization method, and utilizes a striking internal algebraic structure which has not yet been seen in the proof of any congruence family. We believe that this discovery poses important implications on future work in partition congruences.
Hecke categories, idempotents, and commuting stacks
Authors: Gorsky Eugene , Neguţ Andrei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We formulate a connection between a topological and a geometric category. The former is the idempotent completion of the (horizontal) trace of the affine Hecke category, while the latter is the equivariant derived category of the (semi-nilpotent) commuting stack. This provides a more precise and improved version of our proposal in Gorsky and Neguț (Proc Lond Math Soc (3) 126(6): 2013–2056, 2023).