bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative proteomic analysis of three major extracellular vesicle classes secreted from human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells: Exosomes, microparticles, and shed midbody remnants
Authors: Suwakulsiri Wittaya , Xu Rong , Rai Alin , Shafiq Adnan , Chen Maoshan , Greening David W. , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionary‐conserved secretory organelles that, based on their molecular composition, are important intercellular signaling regulators. At least three classes of circulating EVs are known based on mechanism of biogenesis: exosomes (sEVs/Exos), microparticles (lEVs/MPs), and shed midbody remnants (lEVs/sMB‐Rs). sEVs/Exos are of endosomal pathway origin, microparticles (lEVs/MPs) from plasma membrane blebbing and shed midbody remnants (lEVs/sMB‐Rs) arise from symmetric cytokinetic abscission. Here, we isolate sEVs/Exos, lEVs/MPs, and lEVs/sMB‐Rs secreted from human isogenic primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines in milligram quantities for label‐free MS/MS‐based proteomic profiling. Purified EVs revealed selective composition packaging of exosomal protein markers in SW480/SW620‐sEVs/Exos, metabolic enzymes in SW480/SW620‐lEVs/MPs, while centralspindlin complex proteins, nucleoproteins, splicing factors, RNA granule proteins, translation‐initiation factors, and mitochondrial proteins selectively traffic to SW480/SW620‐ lEVs/sMB‐Rs. Collectively, we identify 39 human cancer‐associated genes in EVs; 17 associated with SW480‐EVs, 22 with SW620‐EVs. We highlight oncogenic receptors/transporters selectively enriched in sEVs/Exos (EGFR/FAS in SW480‐sEVs/Exos and MET, TGFBR2, ABCB1 in SW620‐sEVs/Exos). Interestingly, MDK, STAT1, and TGM2 are selectively enriched in SW480‐lEVs/sMB‐Rs, and ADAM15 to SW620‐lEVs/sMB‐Rs. Our study reveals sEVs/Exos, lEVs/MPs, and lEVs/sMB‐Rs have distinct protein signatures that open potential diagnostic avenues of distinct types of EVs for clinical utility.
A phosphonate‐derived epoxy vitrimer with intrinsic flame retardancy and catalyst‐free reprocessability
Authors: Ren Qing‐Ruo , Gu Song , Wang Yu‐Zhong , Chen Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphonate, as an effective flame‐retardant group, has a dynamic phosphonate exchange behavior similar to the transesterification of carboxylate; and introducing it into the network of epoxy resin (EP) is beneficial for solving the fire risk and waste disposal problems of EP in the meantime. Herein, a reprocessable and flame‐retardant epoxy vitrimer (EV) with dual dynamic covalent reactions of phosphonate and carboxylate transesterifications is constructed by introducing a phosphonate‐containing diol named GHPP into an epoxy‐anhydride curing system. The presence of the phosphonate makes the EV intrinsically flame‐retardant; meanwhile, both of the dynamic phosphonate and carboxylate transesterifications are accelerated by the abundant primary hydroxyl groups, which show much higher activity than the as‐generated β‐hydroxyls during curing, leading to enhanced dynamic properties of the EV. As a result, on the one hand, the EV achieves the UL‐94 V‐0 rating with a high limiting oxygen index value of 37.3%; and it shows a 41% reduction for the peak heat release rate and a 39% reduction for the total heat release in the cone calorimetry test. On the other hand, such EV exhibits rapid stress relaxation and is reprocessed easily to maintain its mechanical properties, thermal properties and flame retardancy to the hilt.
Crystal structure‐flashover performance correlation in polybutylene terephthalate: Insights into the mechanism
Authors: Zhang Cancan , Li Yumei , Zhou Kai , Yang Junlong , Li Guangxian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA deep understanding of the main factors affecting the insulating properties of polymers is essential for the progress of insulation components in various applications, including electric vehicles, electronic devices, and information technology. In this study, we used polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) samples with varying degrees of crystallinity as a model material to investigate the influence of aggregation structure on its electrical performance. The results revealed that increasing the crystallinity of PBT led to a simultaneous increase in the surface flashover voltage. We identified the amorphous region as the weak link in the aggregation structure of PBT. Compared to the amorphous region, the crystalline region exhibited superior resistance to charged ion bombardment, a higher degree of compactness, higher bulk resistivity, and lower surface resistivity. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the aggregation structure and electrical performance of polymers is fundamental for developing practical high‐performance insulation components. This study provides valuable guidance for controlling the electrical performance of polymers with high‐performance insulating properties, and is thus of great significance to the electrical aging field.
Diphtheria toxin‐derived, anti‐PD‐1 immunotoxin, a potent and practical tool to selectively deplete PD‐1+ cells
Authors: Zhang Tianxiao , Dong Shuyun , Zhai Yujia , Naatz Lauren , Zhou Zemin , Chen Mingnan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProgrammed death‐1 (PD‐1), an immune checkpoint receptor, is expressed on activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and some types of tumor cells. While PD‐1+ cells have been implicated in outcomes of cancer immunity, autoimmunity, and chronic infections, the exact roles of these cells in various physiological and pathological processes remain elusive. Molecules that target and deplete PD‐1+ cells would be instrumental in defining the roles unambiguously. Previously, an immunotoxin has been generated for the depletion of PD‐1+ cells though its usage is impeded by its low production yield. Thus, a more practical molecular tool is desired to deplete PD‐1+ cells and to examine functions of these cells. We designed and generated a novel anti‐PD1 diphtheria immunotoxin, termed PD‐1 DIT, targeting PD‐1+ cells. PD‐1 DIT is comprised of two single chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from an anti‐PD‐1 antibody, coupled with the catalytic and translocation domains of the diphtheria toxin. PD‐1 DIT was produced using a yeast expression system that has been engineered to efficiently produce protein toxins. The yield of PD‐1 DIT reached 1–2 mg/L culture, which is 10 times higher than the previously reported immunotoxin. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses confirmed that PD‐1 DIT specifically binds to and enters PD‐1+ cells. The binding avidities between PD‐1 DIT and two PD‐1+ cell lines are approximately 25 nM. Moreover, PD‐1 DIT demonstrated potent cytotoxicity toward PD‐1+ cells, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 1 nM. In vivo experiments further showed that PD‐1 DIT effectively depleted PD‐1+ cells and enabled mice inoculated with PD‐1+ tumor cells to survive throughout the study. Our findings using PD‐1 DIT revealed the critical role of pancreatic PD‐1+ T cells in the development of type‐1 diabetes (T1D). Additionally, we observed that PD‐1 DIT treatment ameliorated relapsing–remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR‐EAE), a mouse model of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR‐MS). Lastly, we did not observe significant hepatotoxicity in mice treated with PD‐1 DIT, which had been reported for other immunotoxins derived from the diphtheria toxin. With its remarkable selective and potent cytotoxicity toward PD‐1+ cells, coupled with its high production yield, PD‐1 DIT emerges as a powerful biotechnological tool for elucidating the physiological roles of PD‐1+ cells. Furthermore, the potential of PD‐1 DIT to be developed into a novel therapeutic agent becomes evident.
Partial agonism in heteromeric GLUK2/GLUK5 kainate receptor
Authors: Paudyal Nabina , Das Anindita , Carrillo Elisa , Berka Vladimir , Jayaraman Vasanthi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractKainate receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that form transmembrane channels upon binding glutamate. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of partial agonism in heteromeric GluK2/K5 receptors, where the GluK2 and GluK5 subunits have distinct agonist binding profiles. Using single‐molecule Förster resonance energy transfer, we found that at the bi‐lobed agonist‐binding domain, the partial agonist AMPA‐bound receptor occupied intermediate cleft closure conformational states at the GluK2 cleft, compared to the more open cleft conformations in apo form and more closed cleft conformations in the full agonist glutamate‐bound form. In contrast, there is no significant difference in cleft closure states at the GluK5 agonist‐binding domain between the partial agonist AMPA‐ and full agonist glutamate‐bound states. Additionally, unlike the glutamate‐bound state, the dimer interface at the agonist‐binding domain is not decoupled in the AMPA‐bound state. Our findings suggest that partial agonism observed with AMPA binding is mediated primarily due to differences in the GluK2 subunit, highlighting the distinct contributions of the subunits towards activation.
Corrections to an adaptive EWMA control chart based on Hampel function to monitor the process location parameter by Zaman et al. (2023)
Authors: Zaman Babar , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Khan Naveed , Riaz Muhammad , Abbas Tahir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractZaman et al.1 proposed an adaptive exponential weighted moving average (AEWMA) control chart (CC) by integrating Hampel function features into the traditional EWMA CC structure. The purpose of this study is to find and fix the inaccuracies in the AEWMA CC by Zaman et al.1. We reproduce the results after rectifying the errors of the AEWMA control chart by applying Monte Carlo simulation. The results of corrected version of the AEWMA CC indicates better performance as compared to Zaman et al.1 The average run length is chosen as a performance measure for comparison reason.
Roboat III: An autonomous surface vessel for urban transportation
Authors: Wang Wei , Fernández‐Gutiérrez David , Doornbusch Rens , Jordan Joshua , Shan Tixiao , Leoni Pietro , Hagemann Niklas , Schiphorst Jonathan Klein , Duarte Fabio , Ratti Carlo , Rus Daniela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present our novel autonomous surface vessel platform, a full‐scale Roboat for urban transportation. This 4‐m‐long Roboat is designed with six seats and can carry a payload of up to 1000 kg. Roboat has two main thrusters for cruising and two tunnel thrusters to accommodate docking and interconnectivity between Roboats. We build an adaptive nonlinear model predictive controller for trajectory tracking to account for payload changes while transporting passengers. We use a sparse directed graph to represent the canal topological map and then find the most time‐efficient global path in a city‐scale environment using the algorithm. We then employ a multiobjective algorithm's lexicographic search to generate an obstacle‐free path using a point‐cloud projected two‐dimensional occupancy grid map. We also develop a docking mechanism to allow Roboat to “grasp” the docking station. Extensive experiments in Amsterdam waterways demonstrate that Roboat can (1) successfully track the optimal trajectories generated by the planner with varying numbers of passengers on board; (2) autonomously dock to the station without human intervention; (3) execute an autonomous water taxi task where it docks to pick up passengers, drive passengers to the destination while planning its path to avoid obstacles, and finally dock to drop off passengers.
Limit theorems for patterns in ranked tree‐child networks
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Liu Hexuan , Yu Tsan‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove limit laws for the number of occurrences of a pattern on the fringe of a ranked tree‐child network which is picked uniformly at random. Our results extend the limit law for cherries proved by Bienvenu et al. (Random Struct. Algoritm. 60 (2022), no. 4, 653–689). For patterns of height 1 and 2, we show that they either occur frequently (mean is asymptotically linear and limit law is normal) or sporadically (mean is asymptotically constant and limit law is Poisson) or not all (mean tends to 0 and limit law is degenerate). We expect that these are the only possible limit laws for any fringe pattern.
Temperature Effects on Electrochemical Energy‐Storage Materials: A Case Study of Yttrium Niobate Porous Microspheres
Authors: Li Songjie , Gao Jiazhe , Ou Yinjun , Liu Xuehua , Yang Liting , Cheng Yifeng , Zhang Jincang , Wu Liming , Lin Chunfu , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are very popular electrochemical energy‐storage devices. However, their applications in extreme environments are hindered because their low‐ and high‐temperature electrochemical performance is currently unsatisfactory. In order to build all‐climate LIBs, it is highly desirable to fully understand the underlying temperature effects on electrode materials. Here, based on a novel porous‐microspherical yttrium niobate (Y0.5Nb24.5O62) model material, this work demonstrates that the operation temperature plays vital roles in electrolyte decomposition on electrode‐material surfaces, electrochemical kinetics, and crystal‐structure evolution. When the operation temperature increases, the reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode material become more intensive, causing the formation of thicker solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films, which decreases the initial Coulombic efficiency. Meanwhile, the electrochemical kinetics becomes faster, leading to the larger reversible capacity, higher rate capability, and more suitable working potential (i.e., lower working potential for anodes and higher working potential for cathodes). Additionally, the maximum unit‐cell‐volume change becomes larger, resulting in poorer cyclic stability. The insight gains here can provide a universal guide for the exploration of all‐climate electrode materials and their modification methods.
Pickering Emulsion Templated 3D Cylindrical Open Porous Aerogel for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Chen Yiquan , Hao Jiajia , Xu Jie , Hu Zhengsong , Bao Haifeng , Xu Haolan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPorous‐structured evaporators have been fabricated for achieving a high clean water throughput due to their maximized surface area. However, most of the evaporation surfaces in the porous structure are not active because of the trapped vapor in pores. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) cylindrical aerogel‐based photothermal evaporator with a disordered interconnected hierarchical porous structure is developed via a Pickering emulsion‐involved polymerization method. The obtained cotton cellulose/aramid nanofibers/polypyrrole (CAP) aerogel‐based evaporator achieved all‐cold evaporation under 1.0 sun irradiation, which not only completely eliminated energy loss via radiation, convection, and conduction, but also harvested massive extra energy from the surrounding environment and bulk water, thus significantly increasing the total energy input for vapor generation to deliver an extremely high evaporation rate of 5.368 kg m−2 h−1. In addition, with the external convective flow, solar steam generation over the evaporator can be dramatically enhanced due to fast vapor diffusion out of its unique opened porous structure, realizing an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 18.539 kg m−2 h−1 under 1.0 sun and 4.0 m s−1. Moreover, this evaporator can continuously operate with concentrated salt solution (20 wt.% NaCl). This work advances rational design and construction of solar evaporator to promote the application of solar evaporation technology in freshwater production.
CDs Regulated Sulfur‐Based Flexible Electrode with Range pH Values for Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hao Weiju , Liang Rikai , Liang Shiheng , Liu Bonan , Qian Yunlong , Ji Ding‐Kun , Li Guisheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow to mildly structure a high intrinsic activity and stable catalytic electrode to realize long‐term catalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen at a wide range of pH values at industrial high current is a challenge. Herein, this work creatively proposes to prepare industrial‐grade catalytic electrodes with high efficiency and stability at high current density through carbon quantum dots (CDs) modification nickel sulfide on hydrophilic flexible filter paper via one‐step mild chemical plating (denoted as CDs‐Ni3S2@HFP). The intrinsic activity and surface area, electron transfer ability, and corrosion resistance of Ni3S2 material are increased due to the regulation, homogenous, and high concentration doping of CDs. The overpotential of the flexible catalytic electrode is only 30, 35, and 87 mV in 1 m KOH, simulated seawater (1 m KOH + 0.5 m NaCl), and neutral electrolyte (0.5 m PBS) at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. More attractively, the CDs‐Ni3S2@HFP electrode achieves over 500 h of efficient and stable catalysis at industrial high current density (500 mA cm−2). Due to the advantages of mild, universal, and large‐area preparation of catalytic materials, this work provides technical support for flexible catalytic electrodes in efficient catalysis toward water splitting, energy storage, and device preparation.
Properties of Iron Fortified Starches and Their Chapatti Making Potential
Authors: Bajaj Ritika , Trehan Shalini , Singh Narpinder , Kaur Amritpal , Passi Vimmi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhysicochemical, thermal, pasting properties of native and iron fortified starches from corn starch (CS), potato starch (PS), and wheat starch (WS) are investigated. Wheat meal prepared substituting iron fortified starches is analyzed for dough rheological and chapatti properties (color and sensory attributes). Lower L*, whiteness index, swelling power, and higher b* values are observed for iron fortified starches compared to their native counterparts. Gelatinization temperature and enthalpy of iron fortified starches are lower than those of their native starches. Iron fortified WS, CS, and PS starches show more than 30 times higher Fe content than their native counterparts. Significant decrease in peak viscosity (PV) for PS and an increase for CS and WS upon fortification is observed. Chapattis with iron fortified CS prepared using 1.0% FeSO4 shows the highest G′ (storage modulus) and G′′ (loss modulus). Chapattis substituted with iron fortified starches reveals lighter color (higher L* and lower a* values) as compared to those from wheat meal alone. Water activity (aw) for chapattis substituted with iron fortified starches increases with the level of substitution showing better storage ability and greater shelf life. Iron fortified WS has higher Fe content than iron fortified CS, hence has better chapatti making potential.
Lessons learned from establishing the Systems Engineering Research Center, a networked University Affiliated Research Center
Authors: Lucero Scott , Pyster Art , Baldwin Kristen , DeLaurentis Dan , Wade Jon , McDermott Tom , Verma Dinesh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA University Affiliated Research Center (UARC) is a highly valued engineering, research, and development resource to the federal government, largely within the US Department of Defense (DoD). Only 15 exist, all under special authority of the US Code. The Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC), established in 2008, was the first UARC established as a networked research center, gradually growing to include more than two dozen university members, each offering systems engineering research capabilities. This networked model for a UARC has found support within the DoD—exemplified by the newest UARC established recently by the US Air Force. A large diverse pool of faculty and student researchers arguably delivers the most consequential academic research in systems engineering anywhere in the world. In its first few years, the SERC had to overcome challenges that single‐university UARCs did not face in exchange for the advantages that such a sizable network of universities offers. This review paper explores those challenges, offering lessons for new network‐based UARCs and other network‐based university research centers. Systems engineering communities, globally, are exploring such constructs, and this reflective paper may offer useful insights.
Designing a framework for teachers' integration of computational thinking into elementary science
Authors: Cabrera Lautaro , Ketelhut Diane Jass , Mills Kelly , Killen Heather , Coenraad Merijke , Byrne Virginia L. , Plane Jandelyn Dawn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs professional science becomes increasingly computational, researchers and educators are advocating for the integration of computational thinking (CT) into science education. Researchers and policymakers have argued that CT learning opportunities should begin in elementary school and span across the K‐12 grades. While researchers and policymakers have specified how students should engage in CT for science learning, the success of CT integration ultimately depends on how elementary teachers implement CT in their science lessons. This new demand for teachers who can integrate CT has created a need for effective conceptual tools that teacher educators and professional development designers can use to develop elementary teachers' understanding and operationalization of CT for their classrooms. However, existing frameworks for CT integration have limitations. Existing frameworks either overlook the elementary grades, conceptualize CT in isolation and not integrated into science, and/or have not been tested in teacher education contexts. After reviewing existing CT integration frameworks and detailing an important gap in the science teacher education literature, we present our framework for the integration of CT into elementary science education, with a special focus on how to use this framework with teachers. Situated within our design‐based research study, we (a) explain the decision‐making process of designing the framework; (b) describe the pedagogical affordances and challenges it provided as we implemented it with a cohort of pre‐ and in‐service teachers; (c) provide suggestions for its use in teacher education contexts; and (d) theorize possible pathways to continue its refinement.
A critical review on plastic waste administration
Authors: Kalita Ananya , Pan Saikia Ankur , Baruah Sunandan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe management of plastic waste through various methods such as landfilling, recycling, and incineration has several inherent shortcomings, such as a lack of resources, preparation, motivation, financial power, and expertise. Additionally, these methods are unable to handle the quantity and types of plastic waste, nor do they increase the public's interest in plastic waste management practices. According to research, environmental, economic, and social factors are the main drivers for reducing plastic waste. Experts from around the world have identified four significant areas of concern for which solutions have been proposed: methods of plastic waste reduction and management, the amount of plastic waste, the quality of waste/plastic, and awareness of plastic waste management/cost of plastic waste management. However, individual solutions proposed for these key areas of concern are facing several challenges, leading to delays in their adoption or less popularity globally. The review has identified the reasons for the less popularity of existing plastic waste management methods, which are less environmentally friendly and have a complex process, hence requiring serious reconsideration from technocrats and researchers to develop more sustainable and efficient procedures that do not produce more hazardous by‐products. This study also found that financial incentives are one of the main drivers to ensure the mass participation of lower and working‐class people.