bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Dietary Adherence among Type 2 Diabetics in Zahedan:
Using the Health Action Process Approach
Authors: moghimi sara , Payandeh Abolfazl , Ranjbaran Soheila , seraji maryam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for the majority of cases. Self-care practices among type II diabetics improve the quality of life and reduce treatment costs. Dietary adherence is one of the self-care practices. This research was conducted with the aim of using the HAPA model to improve dietary adherence among type 2 diabetics in Zahedan.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 210 type-2 diabetic patients admitted to hospital clinics in Zahedan during the summer of 2022 were selected (code: IR.ZAUMS.SPH.REC.1400.392). The clinics were selected by coin flipping. The intervention group (105 people) was from the diabetes clinic at Bu Ali Hospital, and the control group (105 people) was from the diabetes clinic at Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan. Sampling was done by simple random sampling among the diabetic patients. After collecting the data using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the standard questionnaires, i.e., the Dietary Adherence Questionnaire and HAPA model constructs questionnaire, the pre-test analysis was done. Then the four-session educational intervention was conducted in the form of lectures, educational booklets, and behavior self-report booklets. One and three months after the educational intervention, the questionnaires on HAPA model constructs and self-care behavior were filled out by the patients and collected for analysis. Data were analyzed using independent t, chi-square, and Shapiro-Wilk tests in SPSS version 23 software.
Findings: The results showed that all the HAPA model constructs, including risk perception, outcome expectancies, behavioral intention, action self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, recovery self-efficacy, action planning and coping planning, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and self-care behavior had significant differences in one month and three months after the educational intervention (P = 0.001), which indicated the effectiveness of education in the intervention group. However, there was no significant difference in the control group (P = 0.009).
Discussion and conclusion:The intervention using the HAPA model showed that after the training, the model constructs had a significant impact on the patients' self-care regarding dietary adherence. Appropriate programs with details on action planning and coping planning should be developed to promote dietary adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Private Benefits, Public Harms, and Citizen Participation in Corruption: a Field Experiment in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Yenkey Christopher , Simpson Brent , Bliese Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In a two-stage field experiment (N = 1,403) in Nairobi, Kenya, we demonstrate that citizens’ own self-interest legitimates common instances of corruption but concerns for harming others subsequently attenuates real willingness to participate in it. An in-person vignette experiment that manipulates the reason bribes are commonly paid demonstrates that public support for bribery is highest when bribes function as a cooperative arrangement with officials that helps citizens avoid consequences of their own mistakes and misdeeds, even though participants also recognize that these self-interested bribes cause significant harm to other citizens and institutions. In a follow-up behavioral experiment, the same respondents were offered an opportunity to cooperate with a corrupt official to receive a disproportionate cash payment following their participation in the study. Willingness to engage in the corrupt transaction was significantly reduced by a subtle reminder that accepting the additional funds could result in monetary loss to other citizens. We compare our results to earlier work using laboratory-based bribery games and discuss the potential for anti-corruption strategies based on the same types of social group preferences normally regarded as detrimental to macro-level collective action.
Clinical antiviral efficacy of favipiravir in early COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open- label, randomised, controlled adaptive platform trial
Authors: Luvira Viravarn , Schilling William HK , Jittamala Podjanee , Watson James A , Boyd Simon , Siripoon Tanaya , Ngamprasertchai Thundon , Almeida Pedro J , Ekkapongpisit Maneerat , Cruz Cintia , Callery James J , Singh Shivani , Tuntipaiboontana Runch , Kruabkontho Varaporn , Ngernseng Thatsanun , Tubprasert Jaruwan , Abdad Mohammad Yazid , Keayarsa Srisuda , Madmanee Wanassanan , Aguiar Renato S , Santos Franciele M , Hanboonkunupakarn Pongtorn , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Imwong Mallika , Taylor Walter RJ , Chotivanich Vasin , Chotivanich Kesinee , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Dondorp Arjen M , Day Nicholas PJ , Teixeira Mauro M , Piyaphanee Watcharapong , Phumratanaprapin Weerapong , White Nicholas J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug, has in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trial evidence to date is inconclusive. Favipiravir has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in some countries.
Methods:
In a multicentre open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial, low-risk adult patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 were randomised to one of ten treatment arms including high dose oral favipiravir (3.6g on day 0 followed by 1.6g daily to complete 7 days treatment) or no study drug. The primary outcome assessed in a modified intention-to-treat population (mITT) was the rate of viral clearance (derived under a linear mixed-effects model from the daily log10 viral densities in standardised duplicate oropharyngeal swab eluates taken daily over 8 days [18 swabs per patient]). The safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of the allocated intervention. This ongoing adaptive platform trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05041907).
Results:
In the final analysis, the mITT population contained data from 114 patients randomised to favipiravir and 126 patients randomised concurrently to no study drug. Under the linear mixed-effects model fitted to all oropharyngeal viral density estimates in the first 8 days from randomisation (4,318 swabs), there was no difference in the rate of viral clearance between patients administered favipiravir and patients receiving no study drug -1% (95% CI: -14 to 14% change). High dose favipiravir was well tolerated.
Interpretation:
Favipiravir does not accelerate viral clearance in early symptomatic COVID-19.
Characterizing Neck Injuries in the National Football League: A Descriptive Epidemiology Study
Authors: Dow Bobby , Doucet Dakota , Vemu Sree M. , Boddapati Venkat , Marco Rex A. W. , Hirase Takashi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Neck injury is a common and often debilitating injury among athletes participating in American football. Limited data exists regarding neck injuries among elite athletes in the National Football League (NFL). To characterize the epidemiology of non-season ending, season-ending, and career-ending neck injuries in the NFL from 2016 through 2021. Methods Athletes who sustained neck injuries were identified using the NFL’s injured reserve (IR) list between the 2016 and 2021 seasons. Demographics and return to sport (RTS) data were collected. Available game footages were reviewed to identify the mechanism of injury (MOI). Injury incidence rates were calculated based on per team play basis. Results During the 6-year study period, 464 players (mean age 26.8 ± 3.2 years) were placed on the injury reserve list due to neck injuries. There were 285 defensive players and 179 offensive players injured (61.4 vs 38.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Defensive back was the most common position to sustain a neck injury (111 players, 23.9%). 407 players (87.7%) sustained non-season-ending injuries with a mean RTS at 9.2 ± 11.3 days. 36 players (7.8%) sustained season-ending injuries with a mean RTS at 378.6 ± 162.0 days. 21 players (4.5%) sustained career-ending injuries. The overall incidence of neck injuries was 23.5 per 10,000 team plays. The incidence of season-ending injuries and career-ending injuries were 1.82 and 1.06 per 10,000 team plays, respectively. There were 38 injuries with available footages for MOI assessment (23 non-season-ending, 9 season-ending, 6 career-ending). Head-to-head contact was seen in 15 injuries (39.5%), head-down tackling in 11 injuries (28.9%), direct extremity-to-head contact in 7 injuries (18.4%), and head-to-ground contact in 5 injuries (13.2%). There was no significant difference in age, position, or MOI among players sustaining non-season-ending, season-ending, and career-ending injuries. Conclusion There is a high incidence of neck injuries among NFL athletes with predictable MOIs including head-to-head contact, head-down tackling, direct extremity-to-head contact, and head-to-ground contact. Defensive players were more likely to sustain neck injuries compared to offensive players. Defensive back was the most common position to sustain a neck injury.Level of Evidence:III
Why women stop breast feeding in occupied Palestine ?
Authors: Shalalfa Neveen , wajeeh Baraa , ALheeh Ibrahim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the reasons why Palestinian mothers stop breastfeeding(BF) before six months of baby age.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hebron/ Palestine that included mothers of all 420 live singleton newborns in the period between ( January 1, 2022, and July 31, 2022 ). Mothers who did not initiate breastfeeding or continued to breastfeed, either exclusively or with supplementation, were excluded beyond the first six months of life.
The information about BF status at 6 months of baby age and reasons for stopping BF was collected by Public health doctors and midwives through face-to-face interviews when women visit the clinic for 6-month baby vaccination and family planning consult.
RESULTS: Of all the 420 participant mothers,300 stopped breastfeeding completely before six months of baby age, among them, only 281 gave an obvious reason for stopping breastfeeding,(30%) stopped breastfeeding because of scanty milk production, (28.8%) child weaning him/herself, (24.8%) show that returning to work is the main cause, fatigue, and painful nipples were (8.4%) and mother preference was (4%).
CONCLUSION: This study highlights the reasons why women stop breastfeeding completely before six months. The results may help in identifying interventions for prolonged breastfeeding periods.
Deep learning for the precise detection of recurrence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma from time-series medical imaging
Authors: Lv Xing , Huang Ying-Ying , Deng Yishu , Liu Yang , Qiu Wenze , Qiang Meng-yun , Xia Wei-Xiong , Jing Bingzhong , Feng Chen-Yang , Chen Haohua , Cao Xun , Zhou Jia-Yu , Huang Hao-yang , Zhan Ze-Jiang , Deng Ying , Tang Lin-Quan , Mai Hai-Qiang , Sun Ying , Xie Chuanmiao , Guo Xiang , Ke Liang-Ru , Li Chaofeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Precise detection of recurrence in patients with treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) facilitates timely intervention and prolongs survival. However, there is no compelling tool realizing real-time precise recurrence detection as scale hitherto. Here we present a deep learning-based sequential scan model called RAIN, harnessing 10,212 time-series follow-up head and neck magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 1,808 patients with treated NPC in a multicenter observational study (Blinded ID). The RAIN yields larger area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) values than single scan model (internal: 0.916 vs 0.855, p = 0.004; external: 0.900 vs 0.709, p < 0.001). The reader study showed RAIN has superiority in timely detection of recurrence than readers. These findings suggested that RAIN could detect recurrence on MR scans with high precision and therefore be implemented in clinical practice to optimize recurrence surveillance in treated NPC.
WITHDRAWN: A comparative evaluation of various toothpastes used to prevent demineralization around orthodontic brackets: An in-vitro study
Authors: jyoti Jyoti Yadav , amanish Amanish Singh Shinh , Aman Amanpreet singh Natt , karan Karan Maheshwari , Sharn Sharnjeet Kaur 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim: The demineralization of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets is a significant clinical problem. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of various toothpastes to prevent demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
Methods: The study included 42 extracted premolars which were divided into seven groups: Group I (Control group), Group II (Colgate Total),Group III (Dabur Red),Group IV (R.O.C.S), Group V (GC Tooth Mousse) (TM), Group VI (Apagard), Group VII (Toothmin). All groups were subjected to demineralization and remineralization cycles.The remineralizing agents were applied according to the group and subjected to pH cycling for 21 days which was followed by SEM-EDX analysis. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23 (ANOVA and post hoc-Tukey).
Results: The Results of the study showed that the adequate efficacy of all the experimental groups, with the highest efficacy in preventing demineralization for Group V (CPP-ACP group) with Ca wt%- 46.89±1.98, P wt%-18.22±1.03 and Ca:P ratio 2.58±0.21and least efficacy for Group III (herbal group) Ca wt%-33.45±1.81, P wt%- 16.90±1.16 and Ca:P ratio 1.98±0.10).
Conclusions : With the limitations of any in-vitro study, the following clinical conclusions can be drawn. The toothpaste containing CPP-ACP was efficient and effective both quantitatively and qualitatively in preventing demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
Functional Outcomes Following Open Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery: A Comparative Study Between Patients with and Without Diabetes Using the QuickDASH Scores
Authors: Alhassan Yaser , Ashour Abdulrahman , Ashour Abdullah , Hamdi Amre , Saggaf Omar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), a neuropathological disorder, is the most common upper limb manifestation; it affects 6.7% of the general population and leads to medical costs of approximately half a billion dollars per year in the United States. The clinical symptoms of CTS include pain, numbness, tingling, autonomic disturbances, and weakness. There is controversy regarding diabetes as a risk factor for worse clinical outcomes in patients with CTS. This study aimed to compare the functional outcomes following carpal tunnel release between patients with and without diabetes using the QuickDASH scores.
Methods
In this case-control retrospective study, we reviewed patients who underwent open carpal tunnel release surgery at our Department of Orthopaedic Surgery between March 2012 and September 2022. The patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect demographic data and medical and surgical history; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire (Arabic version) was also administered.
Results
Overall, 85 patients were included, 43 patients (51.6%) without diabetes and 42 (49.4%) with diabetes. The most prevalent co-morbidity was Diabetes followed by Hypertension (51.6% and 42.4%, respectively). Overall, the mean QuickDASH score was 25.1 (standard deviation [SD], 20.7); it was 31.927 in patients with diabetes and 18.5 in those without diabetes (p = 0.002).
Conclusion
Patients with diabetes had worse functional outcomes than did those without diabetes. Understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors will aid in the better management of patients. Optimum management of these patients associated risk factors, will contribute to more desirable outcome.
How to improve mRNA-based CAR-T cell generation and functionality? A lab-scale comparison
Authors: Auw Nadine , Serfling Robert , Kitte Reni , Hilger Nadja , Zhang Chengkang , Fricke Stephan , Tretbar U. Sandy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Process development for transferring lab-scale research workflows to automated manufacturing procedures is critical chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies. Thereby, the key factor for cell viability, expansion, modification, and functionality is the optimal combination of medium and T cell activator as well as their regulatory compliance for later manufacturing under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). In this study, we compared two protocols for CAR-mRNA-modified T cell generation using our current lab-scale process, analyzed all mentioned parameters, and evaluated the protocols’ potential for upscaling and process development of mRNA-based CAR-T cell therapies.
Rhodanine composite fluorescence probes to detect amyloid-beta aggregated species in Alzheimer's disease models
Authors: Rai Himanshu , Singh Rishabh , Bharti Prahalad , Kumar Prabhat , Rai Sanskriti , Varma Tanmay , Chauhan Brijesh Singh , Nilakhe Aishwarya , Debnath Joy , Mishra Vijay , Gupta Sarika , Krishnamurthy Sairam , Yang Jian , Garg Prabha , Srikris Saripella , Kumar Saroj , Modi Gyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMolecular near-infrared (NIR) imaging is an emerging pre-clinical tool for labeling Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenic biomarkers, especially cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. Herein, we present a series of acceptor-π-donor based molecular NIR probes, composed of rhodanine (acceptor fragment) in conjugation with coumarin or carbostyril (donor fragment) nucleus. The most promising probe19has a desirable binding affinity (Kd= 0.143 μM) against Aβ aggregates with little or no nonspecific interaction with BSA, minimal cytotoxicity, good brain permeability, desirable plasma stability, and fluorescence sustainability profile across a comprehensive physiological pH range. Histological fluorescence imaging revealed that probe19had good selectivity and affinity for Aβ plaques, confirmed with immunofluorescence and ThT (aggregated Aβ specific dye), and a high signal-to-noise ratio. It was also successfully applied for fluorescence labeling of Aβ in the eye imaginal disc of AD Drosophila larvae. Collectively, these probes can be finetuned due to their versatile structural scaffold to evolve as promising NIR imaging probes for the detection of AD biomarkers.
Unilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) with delayed contralateral eye involvement
Authors: Mordechaev Emanuel , Shakarov Gabriel , Parikh Deep 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare presumed inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Unilateral cases often have fellow eye involvement within days to a few weeks. This report details a rare case of delayed contralateral APMPPE, in which unilateral lesion resolution was followed by contralateral eye involvement 31 months later.
Case presentation:
A 38-year-old woman presented with three days of blurry vision and photopsias in the right eye (OD). She endorsed a viral GI illness one month prior. Visual acuity was 20/25 − 2 OD and 20/20 − 1 in the left eye (OS). Examination revealed creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was notable for early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence of the lesions, consistent with APMPPE. MRI and MRA brain were negative for cerebral vasculitis. She was treated with oral prednisone with complete resolution of her symptoms, vision, and lesion regression. She then presented 31 months later, with blurry vision OS and similar new creamy, yellow-white placoid lesions in the posterior pole OS. She endorsed receiving an influenza vaccine one month prior. FA again was notable for early hypofluorescence and late hyperfluorescence. She was diagnosed with APMPPE, this time involving the left eye, and was once again started on oral steroids with complete resolution. She denied any neurologic symptoms.
Conclusions:
APMPPE is an inflammatory vasculitis of the choroid, leading to hypoperfusion and ischemic injury of the RPE with subsequent lesion formation. APMPPE may be preceded by a viral prodrome or vaccination, both of which were seen in this case. Choroidal inflammation seen in APMPPE is therefore thought to stem from immune-mediated processes. Unilateral cases often have fellow eye involvement within days to a few weeks. Single eye involvement with delayed contralateral presentation, as seen in our patient, is rare. This case demonstrates that lesion resolution in one eye can be followed by contralateral eye involvement up to 31 months later, highlighting the importance of routine ophthalmic monitoring for patients with unilateral APMPPE.
Heterogeneity in the prevalence of subclinical malaria, other co-infections and anemia among pregnant women in rural areas of Myanmar: A community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Aung Poe Poe , Han Kay Thwe , Groot Wim , Biesma Regien , Thein Zaw Win , Htay Thura , Lin Zaw , Adams Matthew , Pavlova Milena , Aye Kyin Hla 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Due to the low prevalence of clinical malaria of 1-2 % among pregnant women in Myanmar, little is known about its impact on mothers and newborns. Helminth and HIV co-infections may cause anaemia and other adverse health outcomes for both mother and child. This study assessed the prevalence of subclinical malaria and co-infections among pregnant women, and their association with adverse outcomes of pregnancy in the presence of infection.
Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 12 villages in two townships in Myanmar between 2013 to 2015. A total of 752 pregnant women, with mean age of 27 years, were enrolled and followed up once a month, until six weeks after the delivery.
Results: About 84% of women were asymptomatic and 40% were primigravid at the time of enrolment. The prevalence of subclinical malaria as measured by nested PCR was 5.7% for either P. falciparum or P. vivax, with 2.7% prevalence of P. falciparum and 2.8% prevalence of P. vivax. Helminth infections were prevalent in 17% of women, and one woman with a HIV infection was found in our study. The burden of anemia was high, with an overall prevalence of 37% with or without helminth infection, 42% of the women were malaria positive and 43% had dual infections (both malaria and helminth). Only 11 abnormal pregnancy outcomes (7 stillbirth, 2 premature, 2 twins) were identified. Poisson regression showed that women in their first trimester had a 2.9 times higher rate of subclinical malaria compared to women in the third trimester (PR:2.9, 95%CI: 1.19, 7.31, p=0.019), women who were enrolled during the wet season were 2.5 times more likely to be malaria positive than the women enrolled in the dry season (PR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.27, 4.88, p=0.008), and the malaria positivity rate decreased by 5% when increased in one year of woman’s age (PR:0.95, 95%CI: 0.91, 0.99, p=0.02). In the multivariable regression, the age of respondents was the only significant factor associated with subclinical malaria in pregnancy.
Conclusions: The low prevalence of heterogenous subclinical malaria among pregnant women should not be neglected when targeting malaria elimination.