bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of adjunctive treatment with l-carnitine on monitoring laboratory variables in ICU patients: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yahyapoor Farveh , Keshani Mahdi , Sedaghat Alireza , Feizi Awat , Clark Cain C. T. , Bagherniya Mohammad , Safarian Mohammad , Badpeyma Mohaddeseh , Norouzy Abdolreza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Critically ill patients must be monitored constantly in intensive care units (ICUs). Among many laboratory variables, nutritional status indicators are a key role in the prognosis of diseases. We investigated the effects of l-carnitine adjunctive therapy on monitoring variables in critical illness.

Method
A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was implemented in a medical ICU. Participants were 54 patients, aged > 18 years, with multiple conditions, randomly assigned to receive 3 g l-carnitine per day or placebo, along with enteral feeding, for 1 week. Primary outcomes included monitoring variables related to nutritional status.

Result
Of 54 patients randomly assigned, 51 completed the trial. Serum albumin (Alb) (P-value: 0.001), total protein (P-value: 0.003), and calcium (Ca) (0.044) significantly increased in the intervention vs. control group. Alanine transaminase (ALT) (0.022), lactate (<0.001), creatinine (Cr) (0.005), and international normalized ratio (INR) (0.049) decreased meaningfully in the intervention vs. control group.

Conclusion
l-Carnitine supplementation in critically ill patients can improve several parameters including INR, Cr, ALT, lactate, Ca, Alb, and total protein.

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT 20151108024938N2. This trial was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (registration code: IR.MUMS.fm.REC.1396.671) (available at https://en.irct.ir/trial/30748, May 2018).
Unsupervised title and abstract screening for systematic review: a retrospective case-study using topic modelling methodology
Authors: Natukunda Agnes , Muchene Leacky K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The importance of systematic reviews in collating and summarising available research output on a particular topic cannot be over-emphasized. However, initial screening of retrieved literature is significantly time and labour intensive. Attempts at automating parts of the systematic review process have been made with varying degree of success partly due to being domain-specific, requiring vendor-specific software or manually labelled training data.
Our primary objective was to develop statistical methodology for performing automated title and abstract screening for systematic reviews. Secondary objectives included (1) to retrospectively apply the automated screening methodology to previously manually screened systematic reviews and (2) to characterize the performance of the automated screening methodology scoring algorithm in a simulation study.

Methods
We implemented a Latent Dirichlet Allocation-based topic model to derive representative topics from the retrieved documents’ title and abstract. The second step involves defining a score threshold for classifying the documents as relevant for full-text review or not. The score is derived based on a set of search keywords (often the database retrieval search terms). Two systematic review studies were retrospectively used to illustrate the methodology.

Results
In one case study (helminth dataset), $$69.83\%$$

69.83
%

sensitivity compared to manual title and abstract screening was achieved. This is against a false positive rate of $$22.63\%$$

22.63
%

. For the second case study (Wilson disease dataset), a sensitivity of $$54.02\%$$

54.02
%

and specificity of $$67.03\%$$

67.03
%

were achieved.

Conclusions
Unsupervised title and abstract screening has the potential to reduce the workload involved in conducting systematic review. While sensitivity of the methodology on the tested data is low, approximately $$70\%$$

70
%

specificity was achieved. Users ought to keep in mind that potentially low sensitivity might occur. One approach to mitigate this might be to incorporate additional targeted search keywords such as the indexing databases terms into the search term copora. Moreover, automated screening can be used as an additional screener to the manual screeners.
Household food insecurity and associated factors in the Northeast of Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Honarvar Mohammad Reza , Gholami Masoomeh , Abdollahi Zahra , Ghotbabadi Farzaneh Sadeghi , Lashkarboluki Farhad , Najafzadeh Majid , Mansouri Mohsen , Veghari Gholamreza , Behnampour Nasser 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Food Insecurity (FI) is a global health concern. For the first time, this study evaluated households’ food insecurity and factors related to it in Golestan province, North of Iran.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 5129 randomly selected households in the Golestan Province in 2016. Sociodemographic characteristics, including age, ethnicity, household size, education level, and occupation status, were collected via interview. The prevalence and severity of food insecurity were identified by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), whose scores are between 0 and 27, with larger values indicating more severe food insecurity. The prevalence of food insecurity based on the geographical area was presented using GIS.

Results
Out of 5129 households, 2216 (43.21%) had food security, and 2913 (56.79%) households had food insecurity, with a Mean ± SD HFIAS score of 4.86 ± 5.95. Out of 2913 households with FI, 1526 (52.39%), 956 (32.82%), and 431 (14.79%) had mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity, respectively. Among 14 regions of the province, three regions had the most cases of food insecurity. Food insecurity (moderate or severe) was significantly associated with mothers as the household head (adjusted OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.03–2.70) and lower education level of the household head.

Conclusion
The prevalence of household food insecurity in the Golestan Province is higher than the national average. Factors such as literacy, employment status, and gender of the household head can be significantly associated with food insecurity.
Obstetric fistula-induced incontinence and WASH programming in humanitarian settings: agenda for research, innovation, and practice
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Hammond Emily , Nyame Maame Esi Pantsiwaa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWomen living with obstetric fistula-induced incontinence (OFII) have heightened need for water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services because they experience involuntary leaking of urine, feces, or both. In humanitarian settings where access to WASH services is notably limited, research and innovation relating to OFII and WASH programming has not been granted the requisite attention, relative to menstrual hygiene management. The paper is intended to bring to the attention of humanitarian researchers and practitioners the research needs of women living with OFII. Three thematic areas that have the propensity to arouse interest in this neglected topical issue and help to set the stage for research and actions are discussed. These are the prevalence of OFII, prevention of OFII, and WASH programming for women living with OFII. Empirical studies dedicated to the above thematic issues will generate the needed evidence base to inform decision-making processes relating to improving the WASH needs of women living with OFII.
Impact of combining human and analytics feedback on students’ engagement with, and performance in, reflective writing tasks
Authors: Suraworachet Wannapon , Zhou Qi , Cukurova Mutlu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReflective writing is part of many higher education courses across the globe. It is often considered a challenging task for students as it requires self-regulated learning skills to appropriately plan, timely engage and deeply reflect on learning experiences. Despite an advance in writing analytics and the pervasiveness of human feedback aimed to support student reflections, little is known about how to integrate feedback from humans and analytics to improve students’ learning engagement and performance in reflective writing tasks. This study proposes a personalised behavioural feedback intervention based on students’ writing engagement analytics utilising time-series analysis of digital traces from a ubiquitous online word processing platform. In a semester-long experimental study involving 81 postgraduate students, its impact on learning engagement and performance was studied. The results showed that the intervention cohort engaged statistically significantly more in their reflective writing task after receiving the combined feedback compared to the control cohort which only received human feedback on their reflective writing content. Further analyses revealed that the intervention cohort reflected more regularly at the weekly level, the regularity of weekly reflection led to better performance grades, and the impact on students with low self-regulated learning skills was higher. This study emphasizes the powerful benefits of implementing combined feedback approaches in which the strengths of analytics and human feedback are synthesized to improve student engagement and performance. Further research should explore the long-term sustainability of the observed effects and their validity in other contexts.
Anesthetic implications for transurethral resection of prostate in a COVID-19 survivor with Stanford-A aortic dissection with acute urinary retention due to metastatic carcinoma prostate: a case report
Authors: Shah Shagun Bhatia , Chowdhury Itee , Pally Venkatesh , Jain Chamound Rai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAortic dissection is a new addition to the long COVID-19 complication catalog. We report this rare and novel complication, which can be missed without a high index of suspicion in the ever-burgeoning population of COVID-survivors presenting for un-related surgery. We emphasize the importance of recording blood pressure in both the upper limbs in COVID-survivors during pre-anesthetic checkup, especially in patients with a dilated aorta on the chest radiograph to identify any interarm blood pressure discrepancy characteristic of aortic dissection. Discontinuation of antihypertensive based on low/normal blood pressure in left upper limb can precipitate concealed and catastrophic rise in blood pressure in the right upper-limb propagating the dissection of aorta to a fatal conclusion. The cardinal anesthetic consideration is to mitigate the effect of hemodynamic perturbations on the dissected aorta.Case presentationWe report the successful management of the case of a 76-year-old male prostatic cancer patient with COVID-induced aortic-dissection and acute urinary retention, posted for transurethral resection of prostate. CT angiography revealed an intimal flap in the ascending aortic lumen and aortic arch till the origin of left subclavian artery resulting in a double-barreled aorta. An arterial line was secured in right radial artery and non-invasive blood pressure recorded in left arm simultaneously (202/60 mmHg in right upper-limb and 92/70 mmHg in the left upper-limb on wheeling into the operation theatre). He underwent transurethral prostatic resection and bilateral orchidectomy under low-dose subarachnoid block with prophylactic use of labetalol infusion.ConclusionsThe importance of recording blood pressure in both the upper limbs in COVID survivors maintaining a high index of suspicion for aortic dissection cannot be overemphasized. Transurethral prostatic resection surgery under low-dose subarachnoid block is possible under the umbrella of judicious selection and optimal use of cardiac medication with an interventional cardiologist as standby in patients with aortic dissection.
Flight simulation from takeoff to yawing of eVTOL airplane with coaxial propellers by fluid-rigid body interaction
Authors: Gomi Ritsuka , Takii Ayato , Yamakawa Masashi , Asao Shinichi , Takeuchi Seiichi , Nishimura Momoha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we adopt a coupled fluid-rigid body simulation using the moving computational domain method and multi-axis sliding mesh method for the takeoff, hovering, and yawing flight of an electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (eVTOL). The aircraft model has four pairs of coaxial propellers, and the computational domain is divided into three domains to move the aircraft and eight propeller domains to rotate the propellers. As a result, we clarify the behavior and aerodynamic force of the aircraft when the input values are determined by the automatic control. The results in the flow field also show that the downwash spreads in a crisscross pattern on the ground, the wind reaches different ranges on the ground depending on the flight altitude, and that the coaxial propeller causes an asymmetry in the velocity field during yawing. Consequently, we conclude that this method is effective for the flight simulation of an eVTOL.
Improvement of the intestinal epithelial barrier during laxative effects of phlorotannin in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats
Authors: Kim Ji Eun , Song Hee Jin , Choi Yun Ju , Jin You Jeong , Roh Yu Jeong , Seol Ayun , Park So Hae , Park Ju Min , Kang Hyun Gu , Hwang Dae Youn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Disruptions of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are frequently observed in various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the improvement in the IEB during the laxative activity of phlorotannin (Pt) harvested from Ecklonia cava in constipation by examining the changes in the expression of the regulatory proteins for the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), and inflammatory cytokines in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lm)-induced constipation after a Pt treatment.

Results
The Pt treatment induced laxative activity, including the improvement of feces-related parameters, gastrointestinal transit rate, and histological structure of the mid colon in Lm-treated SD rats. In addition, significant recovery effects were detected in the histology of IEB, including the mucus layer, epithelial cells, and lamina propria in the mid colon of Lm + Pt treated SD rats. The expression levels of E-cadherin and p120-catenin for AJ and the ZO-1, occludin, and Claudin-1 genes for TJ in epithelial cells were improved remarkably after the Pt treatment, but the rate of increase was different. Furthermore, the Pt treatment increased the expression level of several inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-4 in Lm + Pt treated SD rats.

Conclusions
These results provide the first evidence that the laxative activity of Pt in SD rats with Lm-induced constipation phenotypes involve improvements in the IEB.
Chest CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pediatric patients and its correlation with the clinical condition
Authors: Gabr Abeer El-Sayed , Abdelhameed Abeer Maghawry , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Fouda Eman Mahmoud , Maher Shimaa Ahmed , Fathallah Samah Khalaf , Alkaphoury Mona Gamalludin Alsayed Muhammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
All pediatric health organizations are concerned about the impact of coronavirus disease on children, especially on those with other comorbidities; fortunately, pediatric cases appear to be less severe than in adults (De Luca et al. in Pediatr Respir Rev 5:9–14, 2020). The purpose of this study is to characterize chest CT findings of children with and without comorbidities who had confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to investigate the relation between chest CT findings and the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia and their laboratory findings.

Results
The study was conducted on 36 patients, 72.2% of whom had associated comorbidities. Twenty-three patients (63.88%) had abnormal CT findings. Consolidative patches were the most common radiological sign (55.6%) followed by ground glass opacities (50%). The lesions were bilateral (58.3%), having predominantly peripheral distribution (38.9%) with predominant left lower lobe affection (25%). Cases with clinically severe chest conditions had significantly more prevalent consolidative patches (p = 0.026) which show a higher CT density (p = 0.01) and a significantly higher CT severity score (SS) compared to other groups (p = 0.029). The cutoff of severity score 4/20 had 100% sensitivity and 78.12% specificity in the diagnosis of severe cases. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with or without comorbidities regarding CT-SS or any radiological signs.

Conclusions
Consolidation was the most common radiological finding in children with COVID-19 and was more prevalent and denser in severe cases. The CT-SS may be used as a complementary tool for the evaluation of the severity of the chest condition. Chest CT-SS more than 4 can be used as an indicator of severe cases, yet no significant difference in CT-SS between patients with associated comorbidities or not.
Ewing’s sarcoma of the right kidney with multiple metastasis on PET/CT
Authors: Singh Man Mohan , Verma Shashwat , Kakkar Lavish , Deswal Satyawati , Husain Nuzhat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Ewing’s sarcoma is categorized as small round cell aggressive tumor which commonly occurs in bone and soft tissue. Primary renal Ewing’s sarcoma is an extremely rare entity and accounts for less than 1% of renal masses. It is characterized by a very aggressive course, with very few reported cases in the literature. Primary renal Ewing’s sarcoma is indistinguishable from renal cell carcinoma on anatomical imaging and therefore need histopathological correlation for confirmation. The positron emission tomography (PET) fused with computed tomography (CT) helps in the evaluation of disease, for staging and metastatic workup.

Case presentation
We present a case of 48-year-old lady who presented to urology department with difficulty in passing urine for 5 months associated with pain in the right flank region. She had an episode of haematuria 5 months back. Contrast enhanced CT showed a large lobulated heterogeneously enhancing right retroperitoneal mass in renal fossa. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of Ewing’s sarcoma. The PET/CT revealed FDG avid right renal mass with lymph nodal and skeletal metastasis.

Conclusions
Ewing’s sarcoma being aggressive tumour usually present with bone, liver and lung metastasis along with lymph nodal metastasis at time of diagnosis. The 18 F FDG PET/CT helps in diagnosis, staging, appropriate treatment planning, restaging, response evaluation and prognostication of Ewing’s sarcoma.
Clinician Perspectives on Managing Chronic Pain After Curative-Intent Cancer Treatment
Authors: Check Devon K. , Jones Katie F. , Fish Laura J. , Dinan Michaela A. , Dunbar T. Kayla , Farley Samantha , Ma Jessica , Merlin Jessica S. , O'Regan Amy , Oeffinger Kevin C. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: Among cancer survivors who have completed curative-intent treatment, the high prevalence and adverse consequences of chronic pain are well documented. Yet, research on clinicians' experiences with and perspectives on managing chronic pain among cancer survivors is critically lacking. METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with 17 clinicians (six oncology, three palliative care, and eight primary care) affiliated with an academic medical center. Interview questions addressed clinicians' experiences with and perspectives on managing chronic pain (with or without opioid therapy) during the transition from active treatment to survivorship. A multidisciplinary team conducted content analysis of interview transcripts to identify and refine themes related to current practices and challenges in managing chronic pain in this context. RESULTS: Overall, clinicians perceived chronic pain to be relatively uncommon among cancer survivors. Identified challenges included a lack of clarity about which clinician (or clinicians) are best positioned to manage chronic pain among cancer survivors, and (relatedly) complexities introduced by long-term opioid management, with many clinicians describing this practice as outside their skill set. Additionally, although most clinicians recognized chronic pain as a biopsychosocial phenomenon, they described challenges with effectively managing psychosocial stressors, including difficulty accessing mental or behavioral health services for cancer survivors. CONCLUSION: Discovered challenges highlight unmet needs related to cancer survivor-clinician communication about chronic pain and the absence of a chronic pain management home for cancer survivors, including those requiring long-term opioid therapy. Research evaluating routine pain monitoring and accessible, tailored models of multimodal pain care in survivorship may help to address these challenges.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum and Pathogenesis of WNT1 Variants in a Large Cohort of Patients With OI/Osteoporosis
Authors: Hu Jing , Lin Xiaoyun , Gao Peng , Zhang Qian , Zhou Bingna , Wang Ou , Jiang Yan , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping , Li Mei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Mutations in WNT1 can cause rare inherited disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and early-onset osteoporosis (EOOP). Owing to its rarity, the clinical characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of WNT1 mutations remain unclear.

Objective
We aimed to explore the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum and treatment responses of a large cohort of patients with WNT1-related OI/OP and the molecular mechanisms of WNT1 variants.

Methods
The phenotypes and genotypes of patients and their responses to bisphosphonates or denosumab were evaluated. Western blot analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression levels of WNT1, total β-catenin, and type I collagen in the tibial bone or skin from one patient.

Results
We included 16 patients with 16 mutations identified in WNT1, including a novel mutation. The types of WNT1 mutations were related to skeletal phenotypes, and biallelic nonsense mutations or frameshift mutations could lead to an earlier occurrence of fragility fractures and more severe skeletal phenotypes. Some rare comorbidities were identified in this cohort, including cerebral abnormalities, hematologic diseases, and pituitary adenoma. Bisphosphonates and denosumab significantly increased the spine and proximal hip BMD of patients with WNT1 mutations and reshaped the compressed vertebrae. We report for the first time a decreased β-catenin level in the bone of patient 10 with c.677C &gt; T and c.502G &gt; A compared to the healthy control, which revealed the potential mechanisms of WNT1-induced skeletal phenotypes.

Conclusion
Biallelic nonsense mutations or frameshift mutations of WNT1 could lead to an earlier occurrence of fragility fractures and a more severe skeletal phenotype in OI and EOOP induced by WNT1 mutations. The reduced osteogenic activity caused by WNT pathway downregulation could be a potential pathogenic mechanism of WNT1-related OI and EOOP.