bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model Checker for Operator Precedence Languages
Authors: Chiari Michele , Mandrioli Dino , Pontiggia Francesco , Pradella Matteo 
Published: August 2023

The problem of extending model checking from finite state machines to procedural programs has fostered much research toward the definition of temporal logics for reasoning on context-free structures. The most notable of such results are temporal logics on Nested Words, such as CaRet and NWTL. Recently, Precedence Oriented Temporal Logic (POTL) has been introduced to specify and prove properties of programs coded trough an Operator Precedence Language (OPL). POTL is complete w.r.t. the FO restriction of the MSO logic previously defined as a logic fully equivalent to OPL. POTL increases NWTL’s expressive power in a perfectly parallel way as OPLs are more powerful that nested words.
In this article, we produce a model checker, named POMC, for OPL programs to prove properties expressed in POTL. To the best of our knowledge, POMC is the first implemented and openly available model checker for proving tree-structured properties of recursive procedural programs. We also report on the experimental evaluation we performed on POMC on a nontrivial benchmark.
Dietary Fish and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Consumption, and Renal Cell Carcinoma Risk in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Takahashi Michiko , Sobue Tomotaka , Zha Ling , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Yamaji Taiki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sawada Norie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Previous epidemiologic studies found inconsistent associations between fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although the consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was reported to protect against the development of some types of cancer, little is known regarding its association with RCC.

Methods:
We investigated the association between fish and n-3 PUFA consumption and RCC risk using the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. We examined data from 84,063 eligible Japanese participants aged 45 to 74 years who responded to a validated food frequency questionnaire for Cohort I in 1995 and Cohort II in 1998. The participants were followed-up until 2013. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model, and the exposure level was categorized into quartiles.

Results:
Among the 1,272,298 person-years of follow-up, 262 cases of newly diagnosed RCC were identified. The multivariate-adjusted HRs for the highest vs. lowest quartile of fish, including shellfish, were (HR = 1.43; 95% CI, 0.98–2.07) and the individual marine n-3 PUFAs were (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07–2.28; Ptrend = 0.09) for eicosapentenoic acid, (HR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.27–2.59; Ptrend = 0.01) for docosapentaenoic acid, and (HR = 1.56; 95% CI, 1.07–2.27; Ptrend = 0.09) for docosahexaenoic acid. RCC were further categorized on the basis of diagnosis methods and cancer stage, and the positive correlation did not change substantially.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated that high consumption of n-3 PUFA is associated with RCC risk.

Impact:
The positive association between n-3 PUFA and RCC risk was observed in Japanese who consume higher amounts of fish than Western populations.
What Does Loss and Damage Mean at the Country Level? A Global Mapping Through Nationally Determined Contributions
Authors: Calliari Elisa , Ryder Ben 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
By analyzing the way climate change loss and damage (L&D) is framed in nationally determined contributions (NDCs), this article investigates how parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change make sense of the concept. Building on an original database of 313 active and archived NDCs, we employ frame analysis to identify the countries that mention L&D in these documents; map how they frame it, both in terms of the types of impacts that are relevant for the national context and the responses that are planned or adopted; and explore how this has changed over time. We find that L&D is not perceived as a “small islands issue” anymore and that a growing number of middle- and high-income countries are referring to the concept in their NDCs. We also observe increasing levels of specificity about the types of economic and noneconomic L&D incurred or projected and about national responses, including those focused on knowledge generation, institutional arrangements, and sectoral adaptation measures. Theoretically, the article advances understandings of how national policy actors translate the ill-defined L&D global agenda for the national level. At the same time, it illustrates how they attempt to shape it by advancing nationally informed L&D framings, therefore hinting toward an emerging “two-level ideational game” in this area of global governance.
The Effects of Political Knowledge Use by Developing Country Negotiators in Loss and Damage Negotiations
Authors: Serdeczny Olivia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Does using knowledge politically to explain or justify predetermined policy positions make a difference? Most theory suggests no. This article traces how developing country negotiators used knowledge to further their interests in loss and damage (L&D) negotiations from 2003 to 2013. The analysis shows an institutional effect, whereby knowledge was used to establish L&D as a theme under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. At the same time, an indirect effect emerges at the individual level as knowledge provides actors with a sense of clarity and legitimacy that strengthens their resolve in defending political positions, leaving surprising traces during moments of bargaining. These insights invite critical reflections on the normative dimensions of political knowledge use.
Understanding the Politics and Governance of Climate Change Loss and Damage
Authors: Vanhala Lisa , Calliari Elisa , Thomas Adelle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This introduction to the 2023 special issue of Global Environment Politics brings questions related to politics and political processes to the forefront in the study of climate change loss and damage. The aim of avoiding the detrimental impacts of climate change has been at the heart of the international response to global climate change for more than thirty years. Yet the development of global governance responses to climate change loss and damage—those impacts that we cannot, do not or choose not to prevent or adapt to—has only over the last decade become a central theme within the discussions under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Loss and damage has also become a research topic of growing importance within an array of disciplines, from international law to the interdisciplinary environmental social sciences. However, the engagement of scholars working in the fields of political science and international relations has been more limited so far. This is surprising because questions about how to best respond to loss and damage are fundamentally political, as they derive from deliberative processes, invoke value judgments, imply contestation, demand the development of policies, and result in distributional outcomes. In this introduction we describe the context and contributions of the research articles in the special issue. By drawing on a wide range of perspectives from across the social sciences, the articles render visible the multifaceted politics of climate change loss and damage and help to account for the trajectory of governance processes.
Rethinking the Knowledge Transfer Process Through the Use of Metaverse: A Qualitative Study of Organizational Learning Approach for Remote Workplace
Authors: Lau Kung Wong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the possibilities of implementing the tacit knowledge transfer process and practices in the metaverse and remote workplaces. Tacit knowledge transfer is crucial for organizational knowledge management and maintaining an organization's sustainable development. The research team believes that the use of the metaverse in remote workplaces is expected to revolutionize established organizational learning, knowledge management, and tacit knowledge transfer models. This research attempts to understand employees’ experiences from three perspectives: (1) the acceptance by both senior and junior staff of using the metaverse for training; (2) the experiences of tacit knowledge transfer over the metaverse; and (3) the role of immersion and interactivity during the knowledge transfer process. The significance of this research is the theoretical investigation of the tacit knowledge transfer model in the metaverse. This research is explorative in nature; therefore, this research is not going to generalize or prove the effectiveness of using the metaverse in the tacit knowledge transfer process, but rather explore the factors and deepen our understanding of these fundamental attributes. The findings of this research suggest a modification of the classical model SECI Matrix by adding a new component of “integration” in the transfer process.
Enhancing Engagement and Learning Outcomes in Architectural Computing Design Education: A Study on the Implementation of Augmented Reality
Authors: Ozenen Gurkan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Augmented reality (AR) technology is being increasingly used in the fields of architecture and design to provide new and engaging ways to visualize and communicate design concepts. Since architectural models are the simplest approach to emphasize a design concept, the tools, materials, and technology used to construct physical models in architecture and design education may vary. This paper describes the implementation of AR technology in an architectural computing design course. The purpose of this study is to ascertain an efficient method of model-making for architectural education through the use of AR. The study involved the development of an AR application that allowed students to visualize their design concepts in a virtual environment. The paper presents the design of the application, the methods used to integrate AR technology into the course curriculum, and the results of a survey conducted among students to evaluate their experience with the technology. Architecture students’ experiences using AR technology in place of physically constructed physical models for design projects are discussed in this study as well. The study concluded that the use of AR technology in the course had a positive impact on student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall satisfaction.
The Coupled Ice Sheet–Earth System Model Bern3D v3.0
Authors: Pöppelmeier Frerk , Joos Fortunat , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Understanding climate variability from millennial to glacial–interglacial time scales remains challenging due to the complex and nonlinear feedbacks between ice, ocean, sediments, biosphere, and atmosphere. Complex climate models generally struggle to dynamically and comprehensively simulate such long time periods as a result of the large computational costs. Here, we therefore coupled a dynamical ice sheet model to the Bern3D Earth system model of intermediate complexity, which allows for simulating multiple glacial–interglacial cycles. The performance of the model is first validated against modern observations and its response to abrupt perturbations, such as atmospheric CO2 changes and North Atlantic freshwater hosing, is investigated. To further test the fully coupled model, the climate evolution over the entire last glacial cycle is explored in a transient simulation forced by variations in the orbital configuration and greenhouse gases and aerosols. The model simulates global mean surface temperature in fair agreement with reconstructions, exhibiting a gradual cooling trend since the last interglacial that is interrupted by two more rapid cooling events during the early Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Simulated Northern Hemispheric ice sheets show pronounced variability on orbital time scales, and ice volume more than doubles from MIS3 to the LGM in good agreement with recent sea level reconstructions. At the LGM, the Atlantic overturning has a strength of about 14 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), which is a reduction by about one-quarter compared to the preindustrial. We thus demonstrate that the new coupled model is able to simulate large-scale aspects of glacial–interglacial cycles.
Spatial Correlations of Regional Tropical Cyclone– and Nontropical Cyclone–Induced Severe Rainstorms during 2000–19
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Du Haoxuan , Gao Liang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Severe rainstorms are one of the most devastating disasters in southeast China (SEC). A deep and comprehensive understanding of the spatial correlations of severe rainstorms is important for preventing rainstorm-induced hazards. In this study, tropical cyclone– and nontropical cyclone–induced severe rainstorms (TCSRs and NTCSRs, respectively) over SEC during 2000–19 are discussed. Co-occurrence probability and range values calculated using the semivariogram method are used to measure the spatial correlations of severe rainstorms. The extent to which potential factors [El Niño/La Niña, Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), latitudes, longitudes, temperature, elevation, and radius of maximum wind] affect the spatial structure of severe rainstorms is discussed. The spatial correlation distances for TCSRs (300–700 km) in typhoon season (July, August, and September) are longer than most of those for NTCSRs (150–300 km) in mei-yu season (June and July). The range values of TCSRs at each percentile (except for the minimum range values) tend to be omnidirectional. While NTCSRs tend to have a major direction of northeast–southwest. El Niño tends to increase the average spatial correlation distance of TCSRs in the northeast–southwest and NTCSRs in the north–northeast. La Niña tends to decrease the spatial correlation distance of TCSRs in the northeast–southwest. The occurrence of positive IOD (+IOD) and negative IOD (−IOD) events may increase the spatial correlation distance of TCSRs in the northwest–southeast, and −IOD events may decrease the distance in the northeast–southwest. IOD events, especially −IOD, may change the spatial correlation distance of NTCSRs in the east–northeast. Latitudes, longitudes, temperature, elevation, and radius of maximum wind significantly affect the spatial correlation distance of TCSRs in various directions.

Significance Statement
Spatial correlation distances of rainfall events, especially severe rainstorms induced by different weather systems such as tropical and nontropical cyclones (TCSR and NTCSR), can provide important information for rain-induced hazard risk mitigation. Moreover, factors that affect the variability of the spatial correlation distance of TCSRs and NTCSRs are also of interest. To this end, co-occurrence probability and semivariogram methods are used to obtain the spatial correlation distances. The spatial correlation distance of TCSRs varies between 300 and 700 km in typhoon season (July, August, and September) while it ranges between 150 and 300 km in mei-yu season (June and July) for NTCSRs over southeast China (SEC). El Niño/La Niña, Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), latitudes, longitudes, temperature, elevation, and radius of maximum wind have significant impacts on the spatial correlation distances of TCSRs. These findings can provide useful information for forecasting the spatial correlation distance of severe rainstorms over SEC.
Impact of Gaussian Transformation on Cloud Cover Data Assimilation for Historical Weather Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Toride Kinya , Yoshimura Kei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Old descriptive diaries are important sources of daily weather conditions before modern instrumental measurements were available. A previous study demonstrated the potential of reconstructing historical weather at a high temporal resolution by assimilating cloud cover converted from descriptive diaries. However, cloud cover often exhibits a non-Gaussian distribution, which violates the basic assumptions of most data assimilation schemes. In this study, we applied a Gaussian transformation (GT) approach to cloud cover data assimilation and conducted observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) using 20 observation points over Japan. We performed experiments to assimilate cloud cover with large observational errors using the Global Spectral Model (GSM) and a local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). Without GT, meridional wind and temperature exhibited deteriorations in the lower troposphere compared with the experiment with no observations. In contrast, GT reduced the 2-month root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) by 5%–15% throughout the troposphere for wind, temperature, and specific humidity fields. Significant improvements include zonal wind at 500 hPa and temperature at 850 hPa with 6.4% and 7.3% improvements by GT, respectively, compared with the experiment without GT. We further demonstrate that the additional GT application to the precipitation background field improves precipitation estimation by 12.2%, with pronounced improvements over regions with monthly precipitation of less than 150 mm. We also explored the impact of cloud cover GT on a global scale and confirmed improvements extending from around the observation sites. Our results demonstrate the potential of GT in high-resolution historical weather reconstruction using old descriptive diaries.

Significance Statement
To reconstruct the historical weather, cloud cover information from old diaries can be used by incorporating high-resolution model simulations. However, cloud cover is not normally distributed and violates an important assumption when combining cloud cover observations with model simulations. Our results demonstrate that transforming the cloud cover distribution into a normal distribution could improve wind speed, temperature, and humidity fields in the model. We demonstrate the critical role of the transformation in a nonnormally distributed variable when combined with models and show the potential of diary-based weather information to reconstruct historical weather.
Test of Power Transformation Function to Hydrometeor and Water Vapor Mixing Ratios for Direct Variational Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity Data
Authors: Hu Jiafen , Gao Jidong , Liu Chengsi , Zhang Guifu , Heinselman Pamela , Carlin Jacob T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Assimilating radar reflectivity into convective-scale NWP models remains a challenging topic in radar data assimilation. A primary reason is that the reflectivity forward observation operator is highly nonlinear. To address this challenge, a power transformation function is applied to the WRF Model’s hydrometeor and water vapor mixing ratio variables in this study. Three 3D variational data assimilation experiments are performed and compared for five high-impact weather events that occurred in 2019: (i) a control experiment that assimilates reflectivity using the original hydrometeor mixing ratios as control variables, (ii) an experiment that assimilates reflectivity using power-transformed hydrometeor mixing ratios as control variables, and (iii) an experiment that assimilates reflectivity and retrieved pseudo–water vapor observations using power-transformed hydrometeor and water vapor mixing ratios (qυ) as control variables. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations are performed for 0–3-h forecasts from the five cases. The analysis and forecast performance in the two experiments with power-transformed mixing ratios is better than the control experiment. Notably, the assimilation of pseudo–water vapor with power-transformed qυ as an additional control variable is found to improve the performance of the analysis and short-term forecasts for all cases. In addition, the convergence rate of the cost function minimization for the two experiments that use the power transformation is faster than that of the control experiments.

Significance Statement
The effective use of radar reflectivity observations in any data assimilation scheme remains an important research topic because reflectivity observations explicitly include information about hydrometeors and also implicitly include information about the distribution of moisture within storms. However, it is difficult to assimilate reflectivity because the reflectivity forward observation operator is highly nonlinear. This study seeks to identify a more effective way to assimilate reflectivity into a convective-scale NWP model to improve the accuracy of predictions of high-impact weather events.
Impact of Social Preferences, Trust and Behavioural Norms on Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Prisoner’s Dilemma Game
Authors: Suneja Vivek , Das Debashree 
Published: August 2023

The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of social preferences, trust and behavioural norms on strategic choices made by economic agents using the framework of a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game. The standard neoclassical economics model predicts that all players will choose a strategy of non-cooperation, establishing it as the Nash equilibrium. We examine how social preferences and behavioural norms influence the player’s expectations from others and their own choices, by experimentally testing for the same using a 2 × 2 factorial design with the following three levels of partner selection arrangements: (i) game playing with stranger, (ii) face-to-face game playing with peer, and (iii) game playing with friend. The experimental results reveal significant deviations from the standard predictions of the one-shot PD game. The experimental data revealed that (i) players while interacting with a peer cooperated significantly more than playing with a stranger and (ii) players playing with a friend cooperated significantly more than playing with a peer. These changes in the social preferences of the players were further investigated in terms of trust/distrust and four behavioural norms—positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, exploitation and altruism, and how these factors interact in influencing decision-making with respect to cooperation. JEL Classifications: C72, C91, D01, D91
Cooperative cell–cell actin network remodeling to perform Gap junction endocytosis
Authors: Segretain Dominique , Di Marco Mathilde , Dufeu Chloé , Carette Diane , Trubuil Alain , Pointis Georges 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The endocytosis of Gap junction plaques (GJP) requires cytoskeletal forces to internalize such large membranous structures. Actin, which partners the connexin proteins constituting Gap junctions and is located close to Annular Gap Junctions (AGJ), could be actively involved in this physiological process.

Results
Electron Microscopy and Light Microscopy images, associated with time-lapse analysis and 3D reconstruction, used at high resolution and enhanced using ImageJ based software analysis, revealed that: i) actin cables, originating from Donor cells, insert on the edge of GJP and contribute to their invagination, giving rise to AGJ, whereas actin cables on the Acceptor cell side of the plaque are not modified; ii) actin cables from the Donor cell are continuous with the actin network present over the entire GJP surface. These actin cables fuse at a single point distant from the plaque, which then detaches itself from the membrane, condensing to form an actin mass during the final internalization process; iii) the Acceptor cell participates in the last step of the endocytic invagination process by forming an annular actin structure known as an actin ring.

Conclusions
Together, these data suggest that the endocytosis of GJP is an example of a unique cooperative mechanism between the Donor (the traction of its actin cables) and the Acceptor cells (forming the actin ring).