bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes promote the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis by entering the roots
Authors: Shi Junyuan , Xun Mi , Song Jianfei , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Hongqiang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMulti-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of multiple rolled layers of graphene. Nitrogen plays an important role in apple growth. The effect of MWCNTs on nitrogen utilization in apple needs to be further investigated.MethodsIn this study, the woody plant Malus hupehensis seedlings were used as plant materials, the distribution of MWCNTs in the roots was observed, and the effects of MWCNTs on the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by the seedlings were explored.ResultsThe results showed that MWCNTs could penetrate the roots of Malus hupehensis seedlings, and the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs significantly promoted the root growth of seedlings, increased root number, root activity, fresh weight, and nitrate content of seedlings, and also increased nitrate reductase activity, free amino acid, and soluble protein content of roots and leaves. 15N tracer experiments indicated that MWCNTs decreased the distribution ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis roots but increased its distribution ratio in stems and leaves. MWCNTs improved the utilization ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis seedlings, with the values being increased by 16.19%, 53.04%, and 86.44% following the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs, respectively. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that MWCNTs significantly affected the expression of genes (MhNRTs) related to nitrate uptake and transport in roots and leaves, and MhNRT1.4, MhNRT1.7, MhNRT1.8, MhNRT2.1, MhNRT2.5, and MhNRT2.7 were notably up-regulated in response to 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs. Raman analysis and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that MWCNTs could enter the root tissue of Malus hupehensis and were distributed between the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Pearson correlation analysis showed that root tip number, root fractal dimension, and root activity were the main factors affecting root uptake and assimilation of nitrate.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MWCNTs promoted root growth by entering the root, stimulated the expression of MhNRTs, and increased NR activity, thereby enhancing the uptake, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by root, and ultimately improved the utilization of 15N-KNO3 by Malus hupehensis seedlings.
How automation level influences moral decisions of humans collaborating with industrial robots in different scenarios
Authors: Eich Anne , Klichowicz Anja , Bocklisch Franziska 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDigitalization in intelligent manufacturing leads to the development of Industry 4.0/5.0 and human-cyber-physical systems. As many production technologies rely on teaming of human workers and intelligent cyber-physical systems such as industrial robots, human-robot collaboration is an intensively investigated topic in this transdisciplinary research area. To design industrial robots in a human-centered way, psychological knowledge concerning judgment and decision-making needs to be gained and integrated.MethodThis paper reports results from an experimental study (N = 222, 2 × 4 within-subjects design) using eight moral dilemmas framed in the context of human-robot-collaboration to examine the influence of spatial distance of an industrial robot and humans (no direct contact, different tasks vs. no direct contact, same task vs. handing-over contact, same task vs. direct contact, same task) on moral decisions. Additionally, the type of dilemma was varied, with every four dilemmas depicting a life-or-death and an injury scenario. Participants responded on a four-point-response scale which actions they would take indicating deontological or utilitarian moral decision-making.ResultsResults show a large effect of the proximity of the cooperation between robots and humans. The closer the collaboration the more a human tends to choose utilitarian moral choices.DiscussionIt is argued that this effect might stem from an adaptation of human rationality to the robot or overreliance and shift of responsibility to the robot team partner.
Improving adherence to immunosuppression after liver or kidney transplantation in individuals with impairments in personality functioning – A randomized controlled single center feasibility study
Authors: Wagner-Skacel Jolana , Fink Nadja , Kahn Judith , Dalkner Nina , Jauk Emanuel , Bengesser Susanne , Mairinger Marco , Schüssler Gerhard , Pieh Christoph , Stadlbauer Vanessa , Kirsch Alexander H. , Zitta Sabine , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Fickert Peter , Schemmer Peter 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAlthough adherence to immunosuppressive medication is the key factor for long-term graft survival today, 20–70% of transplant recipients are non-adherent to their immunosuppressive medication.ObjectiveA prospective, randomized, controlled single-center feasibility study was designed to evaluate the impact of a step guided multicomponent interprofessional intervention program for patients after kidney or liver transplantation on adherence to their immunosuppressive medication in daily clinical practice.Materials and methodsThe intervention consisted of group therapy and daily training as well as individual sessions in a step guided approach. The primary endpoint of the study was adherence to immunosuppression as assessed with the “Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale” (BAASIS). The coefficient of variation (CV%) of Tacrolimus (TAC) through levels and the level of personality functioning was a secondary endpoint. We conducted six monthly follow-up visits.ResultsForty-one age- and sex-matched patients [19 females, 58.5 (SD = 10.56) years old, 22 kidney- and 19 liver transplantation] were randomized to the intervention- (N = 21) or control-group (N = 20). No differences between intervention- and control groups were found in the primary endpoint adherence and CV% of TAC. However, in further exploratory analyses, we observed that individuals with higher impairments in personality functioning showed higher CV% of TAC in the controls. The intervention might compensate personality-related susceptibility to poor adherence as evident in CV% of TAC.DiscussionThe results of the feasibility study showed that this intervention program was highly accepted in the clinical setting. The Intervention group could compensate higher CV% of TAC after liver or kidney transplantation in individuals with lower levels of personality functioning and non-adherence.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04207125.
Adjunct tele-yoga on clinical status at 14 days in hospitalized patients with mild and moderate COVID-19: A randomized control trial
Authors: Majumdar Vijaya , Manjunath N. K. , Nagarathna Raghuram , Panigrahi Suryanarayan , Kanchi Muralidhar , Sahoo Sarthak , Nagendra Hongasandra R. , Giridharan Adithi , Reddy Mounika , Nayak Rakshitha 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe initial insights from the studies on COVID-19 had been disappointing, indicating the necessity of an aggravated search for alternative strategies. In this regard, the adjunct potential of yoga has been proposed for enhancing the effectiveness of the standard of care with respect to COVID-19 management. We tested whether a telemodel of yoga intervention could aid in better clinical management for hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 when complemented with the standard of care.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Narayana Hrudyalaya, Bengaluru, India, on hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection enrolled between 31 May and 22 July 2021. The patients (n = 225) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio [adjunct tele-yoga (n = 113) or standard of care]. The adjunct yoga group received intervention in tele-mode within 4-h post-randomization until 14 days along with the standard of care. The primary outcome was the clinical status on day 14 post-randomization, assessed with a seven-category ordinal scale. The secondary outcome set included scores on the COVID Outcomes Scale on day 7, follow-up for clinical status and all-cause mortality on day 28, post-randomization, duration of days at the hospital, 5th-day changes post-randomization for viral load expressed as cyclic threshold (Ct), and inflammatory markers and perceived stress scores on day 14.ResultsAs compared with the standard of care alone, the proportional odds of having a higher score on the 7-point ordinal scale on day 14 were ~1.8 for the adjunct tele-yoga group (OR = 1.83, 95% CI, 1.11–3.03). On day 5, there were significant reductions in CRP (P = 0.001) and LDH levels (P = 0.029) in the adjunct yoga group compared to the standard of care alone. CRP reduction was also observed as a potential mediator for the yoga-induced improvement of clinical outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of all-cause mortality on day 28 was the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.05–1.30).ConclusionThe observed 1.8-fold improvement in the clinical status on day 14 of patients of COVID-19 with adjunct use of tele-yoga contests its use as a complementary treatment in hospital settings.
Exploring family caregiver challenges in caring for patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units
Authors: Najafi Ghezeljeh Tahereh , Rezaei Masoud , Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki Sahar , Sheikh Milani Arezoo 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundFamilies of individuals hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) with severe illnesses, such as COVID-19, are experiencing a range of physical and emotional stressors. Identifying the challenges faced by family members and providing support to loved ones battling life-threatening diseases can lead to improved treatment and care for the said family members in a healthcare setting.AimThe current study was conducted to explore and understand the experiences of family caregivers caring for their loved ones battling COVID-19 in an ICU.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study was conducted from January 2021 to February 2022, based on the experiences of 12 family caregivers of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU. Data collection was conducted through purposeful sampling using semi-structured interviews. MAXQDA10 software was used for data management, and conventional content analysis was used for qualitative data analysis.ResultsThe present study conducted interviews with caregivers to understand their experiences while caring for a loved one in an ICU. Three main themes emerged from the analysis of these interviews: hardship of care trajectory, pre-loss mourning, and contributing factors in resolving family health crises. The first theme, the hardship of care trajectories, encompasses categories such as immersion in the unknown, lack of care facilities, negligence in care, neglect of families by healthcare providers, self-ignorance, and perceived stigma. The second these was pre-loss mourning that included some categories such as emotional and psychological turmoil, witnessing the exhaustion of loved ones, separation suffering, the fearing of loss, anticipatory grief, blame related to the disease causative agents, and perceived helplessness and despair. The third theme was contributing factors in resolving family health crises that included categories of the critical role of family caregivers in health engagement, the role of healthcare professionals in health engagement, and the role of interpersonal factors in health engagement. A total of 80 subcategories were also obtained based on the experiences of the family caregivers.ConclusionThis study's findings indicate that families can play an important role in resolving their loved ones' health problems in life-threatening situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, healthcare providers must recognize and prioritize family-based care and trust the families' ability to effectively manage health crises. Healthcare providers should also be attentive to the needs of both the patient and their family members.
Sports-related leisure behavior in Alpine regions during the COVID-19 pandemic—A cross-sectional study in Austria, Germany and Italy
Authors: Kogler Anna-Maria , Schöttl Stefanie Elisabeth 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAs a planetary health challenge, COVID-19 forced governments around the world to take action to prevent the most severe consequences resulting from the spread of the virus. These measures ranged from stay-at-home orders to limitations on indoor and outdoor activities, travel restrictions and the cancelation of sports events, all of which affected people's leisure activities and daily lives. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine changes in sports-related leisure behavior in terms of attending major sports events, following major sports events via media, travel intentions and the use of new sports offerings. Furthermore, we aimed to identify variables associated with changed sports-related leisure behavior during the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey (n = 1,809) was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 in the Alpine regions of Austria, Germany and Italy. Sports-related leisure behavior was investigated for changes during the pandemic compared to the time before the coronavirus outbreak and for differences between the three countries.ResultsResults showed that the self-reported importance of attending major sports events decreased significantly in the Alpine regions of all three countries during COVID-19. Prevailing restrictions affected vacation planning for over 80% of participants. A majority of approximately three quarters of respondents stated they had spent their holidays at home during the travel restrictions. Sports facilities and opportunities played an important role in the choice of vacation destination for more than half of participants. A binary logistic regression showed significant correlations between vacation planning during COVID-19 and the variables gender, income, quality of life and mental health. 31.9% of all respondents tried new sports offerings during extended restrictions, with a large proportion (72.4%) using apps, online tools or courses. Furthermore, approximately 30% of respondents increased their e-sports consumption.DiscussionThe results showed that sports-related leisure behavior in Alpine regions changed in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, policymakers as well as sports and leisure providers should react to these behavioral changes and adapt their portfolio and services to meet consumers92 demands.
How do long COVID patients perceive their current life situation and occupational perspective? Results of a qualitative interview study in Germany
Authors: Schmachtenberg Tim , Müller Frank , Kranz Jennifer , Dragaqina Anita , Wegener Greta , Königs Gloria , Roder Sascha 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMany people experience persistent or new-onset symptoms such as fatigue or cognitive problems after an acute infection with COVID-19. This phenomenon, known as long COVID, impacts physical and mental wellbeing, and may affect perceived quality of life and occupational perspectives likewise. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how people with long COVID experience health-related restrictions in their daily life and their occupational situation, and to identify key challenges they face.MethodsGuided qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 people with long COVID. The interviews were transcribed according to Dresing/Pehl and Kuckartz and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Afterward, a systematic comparison of the data and a reflection under consideration of lifeworld-theoretical approaches (Berger and Luckmann) were carried out.ResultsThe interviews revealed that many participants have severe symptoms which strongly impair them in perform daily and work-related activities, and in their personal interests. Many interviewees already reach their stress limit during routine household activities or childcare. Of the 25 participants, 19 experienced limitations in pursuing leisure activities, and 10 of the 23 interviewees with jobs reported being on sick leave for several months. Several respondents who had vocational reintegration are still affected by ongoing symptoms that affect their work performance considerably. This leads to uncertainty, role conflicts, a decline in social contacts, and decreased incomes, which contribute to an impairment in their quality of life.ConclusionsThis study shows the huge need for specific support for people with long COVID in different areas of life. To prevent people with long COVID from finding themselves in social and economic precarity, decision-makers should develop strategies to systematically support them in their sustainable reintegration into the workforce. The focus should be on creating long COVID-sensitive workplaces, compensating for decreased incomes, and improving access to relief services such as vocational reintegration. We argue, that a shift of perspectives is necessary and that long COVID should be considered rather as a “social disease” with considerably impairments in the social life of those affected.Trial registrationThe study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS00026007).
Graphene Embedded with Transition Metals for Capturing Carbon Dioxide: Gas Detection Study Using QM Methods
Authors: Mollaamin Fatemeh , Monajjemi Majid 
Published: March 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on decorated graphene (GR) sheets with transition metals (TMs) including iron, nickel and zinc was investigated for removing this hazardous gas from the environment. TM-doped GR results in higher activity toward gas detecting than pristine graphene nanosheets. TM embedding restrains hydrogen evolution on the C sites, leaving more available sites for a CO2 decrease. The Langmuir adsorption model with ONIOM using CAM-B3LYP functional and LANL2DZ and 6-31+G (d,p) basis sets due to Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program on the complexes of CO2→(Fe, Ni, Zn) embedded on the GR was accomplished. The changes of charge density illustrated a more considerable charge transfer for Zn-embedded GR. The thermodynamic results from IR spectroscopy indicated that ΔGads,CO2→Zn@C−GRo has the notable gap of Gibbs free energy adsorption with a dipole moment which defines the alterations between the Gibbs free energy of the initial compounds (ΔGCO2 o and ΔGZn@C−GRo) and product compound (ΔGCO2→Zn@C−GRo) through polarizability. Frontier molecular orbital and band energy gaps accompanying some chemical reactivity parameters represented the behavior of molecular electrical transport of the (Fe, Ni, Zn) embedding of GR for the adsorption of CO2 gas molecules. Our results have provided a favorable understanding of the interaction between TM-embedded graphene nanosheets and CO2.
PRODUCTION OF BIOFUEL COMPONENTS FOR MARINE POWER PLANTS
Authors: Gromakov A , Fil' A. 
Published: March 2023

The article discusses the prospects for the use of biofuels as an alternative fuel for marine diesel engines. The
results of the analysis of applied technologies for the production of biodiesel are presented. The expediency of
using a hydrodynamic mixer as a device that ensures the intensity of the transesterification reaction in the
production of biodiesel is substantiated. A technological scheme of a laboratory plant for the production of
biodiesel has been developed. The results of laboratory studies to determine the optimal material balance of the
transesterification reaction for the production of biodiesel in a plant equipped with a hydrodynamic mixer are
presented. The main indicators of the interesterification reaction (viscosity, flash point, sediment height) for a
plant equipped with a hydrodynamic mixer have been determined. The optimal mass ratio of the transesterification
reaction has been established, which ensures the best quality indicators of the resulting biodiesel and
allows evaluating the efficiency of the hydrodynamic mixer used in the plant. Recommendations are given on
the ratio of vegetable oil and methanol in the production of biodiesel. The best oil/methanol ratio, in terms of
biodiesel yield and quality, is 7.5:1. The use of traditional petroleum fuels mixed with biodiesel can be seen as
an effective way to reduce air pollution from ships and ensure compliance with the rules of the International
Maritime Organization
CONCEPTS OF MONITORING AND TECHNICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ELEMENTS OF A SHIP'S POWER PLANT
Authors: Murashev N. , Epikhin A , Shkoda V 
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the maintenance and repair at the present time, thanks to monitoring systems and technical
diagnostics. the method of carrying out maintenance and repair on the principle of operating the mechanism
was described, according to the documentation of the shipowners' companies, which is currently in use. The
analysis of possible updating of methods of monitoring and technical diagnostics of systems of ship power
plants, as well as the necessary mechanisms to ensure the normal operation of the vessel is carried out. This
method allows you to carry out maintenance and repair, as necessary, in advance before the mechanism is
disabled, without relying on the operating time of the mechanisms. Updating monitoring systems and maintenance
will increase the operating time of the mechanisms. In addition, when implementing this method on
autonomous vessels in the future, it will allow for a much faster response to a possible failure of the mechanism,
which in turn will minimize the downtime of the vessel
INSTALLING A HYBRID ENERGY BALANCE SYSTEM ON A PORT-CONTAINER SHIP
Authors: Vasilescu M.-V. , Epikhin A 
Published: March 2023

Maritime Organization (IMO)" gived different amendments in order to reduce the polluting emissions produced
by ships.There is a natural and continuous concern to reduce marine pollution and to implement the requirements
stipulated by Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Marine
Environment - MARPOL; The emission of carbon dioxide C02, in the gases resulting from naval propulsion
engines, has alarming values, considering that C02 is the main negative factor in producing the greenhouse
effect and implicitly global warming. Shipbuilders are aware that ship engines emit harmful exhaust gases and
certain chemical compounds that are dangerous to human health and to the environment. One way for reducing
pollution is by using unconventional energies captured from the marine environment, outside the ship, like solar
or wind, which lead to the saving of a part of the fossil fuels and lubricants consumed on board the ships.
Indirectly in this way earth's fossil fuel reserves can also be preserved. In this paper, we have studied a hybrid
system formed from non-conventional electricity generating systems (a Flettner Balloon and four large vertical
wind turbines) and a conventional one which uses fossil fuel. The non-conventional electricity generating system
captures and uses the wind energy. The existence of two systems on board, the reactive, classical and the
active, coming from wind energy, gives the possibility that in the event of failure o f one of them, the other can
be used. Also, the existence of the two independent electricity generating systems makes it possible to carry
out overhauls and repairs without the ship being stationary or adrift during them; The article main points are:
the elements of the hybrid energy system, placing the Flettner helium Balloon on a container ship as an alternative
power source of energy, placing four large vertical wind turbines on a container ship as an alternative
source of energy, energy balance of electricity generating systems, from non-conventional sources, connecting
conventional and non-conventional power sources to the ship's main power bar, electrical load of the ship's
consumers, conclusions