bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy functions in lung macrophages and dendritic cells to suppress TH17 responses and neutrophil accumulation during allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Dubey Neha , Woodson Reilly , McKee Samuel R. , Rosen Anne L. , Rivera-Espinal Nicole , Kreamalmeyer Darren , Kau Andrew L. , Stallings Christina L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTAsthma affects nearly 260 million people worldwide, where severe asthma cases represent the most difficult to treat due to corticosteroid insensitivity. Severe asthma is associated with higher levels of TH17 and TH1 responses, accompanied by neutrophil dominated inflammation. Better understanding of the immune responses to airway allergens that promote or protect against severe asthma is critical for identifying ways to treat these patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in theATG5gene, which encodes for a protein required for the cellular recycling process of autophagy, has been associated with higher risk for developing severe asthma. However, the exact role for ATG5 during allergic inflammation and whether other autophagy proteins are involved remains elusive. Using genetic tools to dissect the roles for ATG5 in innate immune cells in house dust mite (HDM)-challenged mice, we have identified a specific role for ATG5 in CD11c+lung macrophages and dendritic cells for suppressing TH17 responses and neutrophil accumulation. We found that this role for ATG5 in CD11c+cells to regulate neutrophil accumulation during allergic airway inflammation also required other autophagy proteins but did not involve regulation of inflammasome, despite higher levels of IL-1β and Caspase 1 in the lungs of mice lacking autophagy in innate immune cells. Our data support a role for autophagy in CD11c+lung macrophages and dendritic cells to promote an immune response to airway allergens that is associated with less severe asthma by suppressing TH17 responses and neutrophil accumulation in the lung.
Popcorn haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level
Authors: da Silva Jean Paulo Aparecido , Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Dias Kaio Olimpio das Graças , Silva Jéssica Coutinho , Tupper Vivian Torres Bandeira , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor popcorn, obtaining and identifying haploids are still challenging steps. We aimed to induce and screen haploids in popcorn using the Navajo phenotype, seedling vigor and ploidy level. We used the Krasnodar Haploid Inducer (KHI) in crosses with 20 popcorn source germplasms and five maize controls. The field trial design was completely randomized, with three replications. We assessed the efficacy of induction and of identification of haploids based on haploidy induction rate (HIR) and false positive and negative rates (FPR and FNR). Additionally, we also measured the penetrance of the Navajo marker gene (R1-nj). All putative haploids classified byR1-njwere germinated together with a diploid sample and evaluated for false positives and negatives based on vigor. Seedlings from 14 females were submitted to flow cytometry to determine the ploidy level. The HIR and penetrance were analyzed by fitting a generalized linear model with a logit link function. The HIR of the KHI, adjusted by cytometry, ranged from 0.0 to 1.2%, with a mean of 0.34%. The average FPR from screening based on the Navajo phenotype were 26.2% and 76.4%, by the vigor and ploidy, respectively. The FNR was zero. The penetrance ofR1-njranged from 30.8 to 98.6%. The average number of seeds per ear in temperate germplasm (76) was lower than that obtained in tropical germplasm (98). There is induction of haploids in germplasm of tropical and temperate origin. We recommend the selection of haploids associating the Navajo phenotype with a direct method of confirming the ploidy level, such as flow cytometry. We also show that haploid screening based on Navajo phenotype and seedling vigor reduces misclassification. The origin and genetic background of the source germplasm influence theR1-njpenetrance. Because the known inducers are maize, developing doubled-haploid technology for popcorn hybrid breeding requires overcoming the unilateral cross-incompatibility.
Structural context of homomeric interactions in the lg domain of the MPZ (P0) myelin adhesion protein and relation to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease phenotype variants
Authors: Ptak Christopher P. , Peterson Tabitha A. , Hopkins Jesse B. , Ahern Christopher A. , Shy Michael E. , Piper Robert C. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTMutations in Myelin Protein Zero (MPZ) account for 5% of Charcot-Marie-Tooth cases and can cause demyelinating or axonal phenotypes, reflecting the diverse roles of MPZ in Schwann cells. MPZ holds the apposing membranes of the myelin sheath together, with the adhesion role fulfilled by the extracellular lmmunoglobulin-like domain (lgMPZ), which can oligomerize. Current knowledge for how the lgMPZmight form oligomeric assemblies involving 3 weakly-interacting interfaces has been extrapolated from a protein crystal structure in which individual rat lgMPZsubunits are packed together under artificial conditions. These interfaces include one that organizes the lgMPZinto tetramers, a ‘dimer’ interface that could link tetramers together, and a third hydrophobic interface that could mediate binding to lipid bilayers or the same hydrophobic surface on another lgMPZdomain. There are at present no data confirming whether the proposed lgMPZinterfaces actually mediate oligomerization in solution, whether they are required for the adhesion activity of MPZ, whether they are important for myelination, or whether their loss results in disease. We performed NMR and SAXS analysis of wild-type lgMPZas well as mutant forms with amino-acid substitutions designed to interrupt its presumptive oligomerization interfaces. Here, we confirm the interface that mediates lgMPZtetramerization, but find that dimerization is mediated by a distinct interface that has yet to be identified. We next correlated CMT phenotypes to subregions within lgMPZtetramers. Axonal late-onset disease phenotypes (CMT2l/J) map to surface residues of lgMPZproximal to the transmembrane domain. Early-onset demyelinating disease phenotypes (CMT1B/Dejerine-Sottas syndrome) map to two groups: one is described by variants that disrupt the stability of the lg-fold itself and are largely located within the core of the lg domain; whereas another describes a surface on the distal outer surface of lgMPZtetramers. Computational docking studies predict that this latter disease-relevant subregion may mediate dimerization of lgMPZtetramers.
A double-hit of social and economic stress in mice precipitates changes in decision-making strategies
Authors: Durand-de Cuttoli Romain , Martínez-Rivera Freddyson J. , Li Long , Minier-Toribio Angélica , Dong Zhe , Cai Denise J. , Russo Scott J. , Nestler Eric J. , Sweis Brian M. 
Published: March 2023

Economic stress can serve as a “second-hit” for those who already accumulated a history of adverse life experiences. How one recovers from a setback is a core feature of resilience but is seldom captured in animal studies. We challenged mice in a novel two-hit stress model by exposing animals to chronic social defeat stress (first-hit) and then testing how mice adapt to reward scarcity on a neuroeconomic task (second-hit). Mice were tested longitudinally across months on the Restaurant Row task during which mice foraged daily for their sole source of food while on a limited time budget. An abrupt transition into a reward-scarce environment on this task elicits an economic crisis, precipitating a massive drop in food intake and body weight to which mice must respond in order to survive. We found that mice with a history of social defeat mounted a robust behavioral response to this economic challenge. This recovery was achieved through a complex redistribution of how time was allocated among competing opportunities via multiple valuation algorithms. Interestingly, we found that mice with a history of social defeat displayed changes in the development of decision-making policies during the recovery process important for not only ensuring food security necessary for survival but also prioritizing subjective value. These findings indicate that an individual’s capacity to “bounce back” from economic stress depends on one’s prior history of stress and can affect multiple aspects of subjective well-being, highlighting a motivational balance that may be altered in stress-related disorders such as depression.In BriefDurand-de Cuttoli et al. found that after chronic social defeat stress, when mice were subsequently challenged on a neuroeconomic foraging task, an economic stressor can serve as a “second hit” and reveal changes in the development of complex decision-making strategies important for maintaining the balance between food security and subjective well-being.
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus glycoprotein K8.1 is critical for infection in a cell-specific manner and functions at the attachment step on keratinocytes
Authors: Liu Shanchuan , Großkopf Anna K. , Yang Xiaoliang , Scribano Stefano , Schlagowski Sarah , Ensser Armin , Hahn Alexander S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTKaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma and several B cell malignancies. K8.1, the major antigenic component of the KSHV virion, has been reported to play a critical role in the infection of certain B cells, but otherwise its function remains enigmatic. We created a K8.1 knockout virus (KSHVΔK8.1) in the BAC16 genetic background and analyzed its infectivity on a range of adherent cells. We observed a strong defect on several epithelial cells, e.g. the HaCaT keratinocyte model cell line, HEK 293T and A549 lung epithelial cells, but no such defect on other cells, among them e.g. lymphatic and blood endothelial cells. Mechanistically, we found that reduced infectivity of the K8.1 knockout virus correlated with reduced attachment to HaCaT cells. The defect in infectivity of KSHVΔK8.1 could be rescued by complementation through expression of K8.1 in KSHVΔK8.1 producing cells by means of a lentiviral vector. In a coculture infection model, KSHVΔK8.1 was highly efficient at infecting the BJAB B cell line but was significantly impaired at infecting the MC116 B cell line, in line with a previous report. In fusion assays together with the gH/gL glycoprotein complex and gB, the components of the conserved herpesviral core fusion machinery, we did not observe activation of membrane fusion by K8.1 or its R8.1 homolog of the rhesus monkey rhadinovirus. In summary, we found K8.1 to function in a highly cell-specific manner during KSHV entry at the attachment step, playing an important role in the infection of epithelial cells.
Childhood Adversity and COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hanson Jamie L , O’Connor Kristen , Adkins Dorthea J , Kahhale Isabella 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality in the UK Biobank.DesignCohort study.SettingUnited Kingdom.Participants151,200 participants in the UK Biobank cohort who had completed the Childhood Trauma Screen, were alive at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (01-10-2021), and were still active in the UK Biobank when hospitalization and mortality data were most recently updated (11-2021).Main outcome measuresCOVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality.ResultsHigher self-reports of childhood adversity were related to greater likelihood of COVID-19-related hospitalization in all statistical models. In models adjusted for age, ethnicity, and sex, childhood adversity was associated with an OR of 1.227 of hospitalization (95% CI=1.153 to 1.306, Childhood Adversityz=6.49,p<0.005) and an OR of 1.25 of a COVID-19 related death (95% CI=1.11 to 1.424, Childhood Adversityz=3.5,p<0.005). Adjustment for potential confounds attenuated these associations, although associations remained statistically significant.ConclusionsChildhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality after adjusting for sociodemographic and health confounders. Further research is needed to clarify the biological and psychosocial processes underlying these associations to inform public health intervention and prevention strategies to minimize COVID-19 disparities.Trial registrationWork Completed under UK Biobank Project ID 92699 (“Associations between COVID-19 Symptoms&Stressful Life Experiences”).Summary PromptsWhat is already known on this topicDisparities in COVID-19 outcomes are driven by numerous health and sociodemographic risk factorsChildhood adversity is associated with lifelong physical health disparities and early mortalityNo known studies to date have examined the association between childhood adversity and COVID-19 mortality and morbidityWhat the study addsIn the UK Biobank, childhood adversity was significantly associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization and COVID-19-related mortality.For both morbidity and mortality, these links were seen in statistical models adjusted for important sociodemographic and physical health confounders.How this study might affect research, practice or policyModifiable and more proximal psychosocial factors may impact adult health outcomes, including COVID-19-related mortality and hospitalizationAdversity may relate to depression, self-concept, or self-regulation, cascading from childhood experiences to the outcomes that we investigated here.Pinpointing these processes may allow for policy and interventions to lessen the negative impact of COVID-19 in those that have suffered childhood adversity.
Causal associations between female reproductive behaviors and psychiatric disorders: a lifecourse Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yifan , Hou Lei , Wu Yutong , Yu Yuanyuan , Liu Xinhui , Wu Sijia , He Yina , Ge Yilei , Wei Yun , Qian Fengtong , Luo Qingxin , Feng Yue , Cheng Xiaojing , Yu Tiangui , Li Hongkai , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe timings of reproductive life events have been examined to be associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, studies have not considered the causal pathways from reproductive behaviors to different psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the nature of the relationships between five reproductive behaviors and twelve psychiatric disorders.MethodsFirstly, we calculated genetic correlations between reproductive factors and psychiatric disorders. Then two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the causal associations among five reproductive behaviors, and these reproductive behaviors on twelve psychiatric disorders, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from genetic consortia. Multivariable MR was then applied to evaluate the direct effect of reproductive behaviors on these psychiatric disorders whilst accounting for other reproductive factors at different life periods.ResultsUnivariable MR analyses provide evidences that age at menarche, age at first sexual intercourse and age at first birth have effects on one (depression), seven (anxiety disorder, ADHD, bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder II, depression, PTSD and schizophrenia) and three psychiatric disorders (ADHD, depression and PTSD) (based onp< 7.14 × 10−4), respectively. However, after performing multivariable MR, only age at first sexual intercourse has direct effects on six psychiatric disorders (Depression, Attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder, Bipolar disorder, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Anxiety disorders and Anorexia Nervosa) when accounting for other reproductive behaviors with significant effects in univariable analyses.ConclusionOur findings suggest that reproductive behaviors predominantly exert their detrimental effects on psychiatric disorders and age at first sexual intercourse has direct effects on psychiatric disorders.
Social work, mental health and substance use: a scoping review
Authors: Benson Camille , Cameron Jacqueline Jane , Allan Julaine 
Published: March 2023

PurposeIntegrated care approaches have been recommended for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore and map the research literature regarding social work and its intersection with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.Design/methodology/approachAn iterative and systematic search of five electronic databases CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Social Science Database and Medline was conducted to identify studies published between 2002 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened publications in two successive stages of title and abstract screening, followed by a full-text screening of eligible studies. Data from each included publication were screened and extracted using Covidence.FindingsA total of 38 eligible studies were included in the final scoping review. The included studies were conducted in eight different counties, including a range of study designs (e.g. cross-sectional, RCT, pilot studies). Only 8 of the 38 studies included people with co-occurring disorders as participants. Study settings were broad, for example, dual-diagnosis, military, homeless, substance use and community-based settings.Originality/valueA review of the literature surrounding social work practice and its intersection with co-occurring mental health and Alcohol and other drug was warranted to document the evidence on this largely unexplored area of research. This review found that there was a paucity of literature that focused specifically on the role of social work practice in relation to individuals with co-occurring disorders, with a limited number of studies focusing on dual diagnoses.
Online presence of public archival institutions of South Africa
Authors: Maluleka Jan , Nkwe Marcia , Ngulube Patrick 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution, where most information is accessible online, archives should be visible online for them to fulfil their legislated mandate and facilitate access to information resources. The Covid-19 pandemic has further underscored the importance of online platforms in making archives accessible without the public having to visit archival institutions physically. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which public archival institutions of South Africa are visible online with the view to deepen their understanding of how archives promote themselves online.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employed content analysis to establish the online content of public archival institutions in South Africa. A google search was conducted using the names of the archival institutions as search terms. The top results obtained after the search were recorded for further analysis.

Findings
The findings suggest that public archival institutions in South Africa have limited online presence. Only the National Archives of South Africa had an active website with collections that are accessible online. Some provincial archives had websites hosted by their parent bodies while others had no websites at all. Only the Limpopo and Eastern Cape provincial archives had their Facebook pages in the top results. There were no signs of other social media sites in the top results.

Originality/value
The study concludes that public archival institutions are not visible online. All provincial archives need to have websites where they can be accessed. The use of social media platforms needs to be prioritised. In this fourth industrial revolution age, people communicate and interact online. Public archival institutions should therefore make it their primary mandate to take the archives to where the people are currently meeting.
Talent management in hospitality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Macao: a contingency approach
Authors: Sigala Marianna , Ren Lianping , Li Zhuo , Dioko Leonardo (Don) A.N. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This study aims to examine talent management (TM) in the hospitality industry in Macao during COVID-19. It deploys a contingency theory perspective (Luthans and Stewart, 1977) to illuminate the heightened uncertainties and challenges talent managers faced during the pandemic and the urgent adaptations to TM practices they embraced in response.

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a phenomenological approach, this study analyzed data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with a representative sample of 20 hotel managers in Macao.

Findings
Managers reported four major categories of COVID-19-induced challenges and a corresponding set of contingent TM practices. The four contingent TM practices were found to contribute to the shaping of the next new normal in TM in hospitality and included the following: Contingent TM planning; contingent TM deployment and replacement; talent training and development under contingent arrangements; and changed “talent” attitude and practices in recruitment and retention.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are limited to the geographical and industry context of the study. This study should be refined with larger samples.

Practical implications
This study provides a useful framework for guiding professionals on how to manage talent during turmoil periods. It also contributes toward understanding the shifting meaning of talent and TM in hospitality.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates the applicability of contingency theory in managing hospitality talent during turbulent times, which extends TM knowledge and enriches the contingency theory. The findings also facilitate our understanding on how contingent TM practices create processes that lead in setting the new normal.
Holiday planning in Indian families: a dual path model linking family type and conflict resolution
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Jena Lalatendu Kesari 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect of parent–adolescent conflict in step versus biological families on family communication patterns (FCPs) and the conflict resolution strategy adopted by adolescents during family destinations or holiday planning (where to visit?).

Design/methodology/approach
The literature on family conflict (i.e. parent–adolescent conflict) and the different types of families (step vs nuclear) supported the proposed framework. The survey was conducted in the Indian subcontinent with a sample size of 437 adolescents. SPSS 22.0 was used for factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and structural equation modelling was used through AMOS 26.0 for data analysis.

Findings
Significant relationship was observed between the types of families (step and biological), FCP and the resolution strategy chosen by Indian adolescents. Adopting a resolution strategy by adolescents in both families depends on the type of FCP in the family. Adolescents in stepfamilies have socio-oriented FCP and use “positive problem-solving” and “conflict withdrawal” as a resolution strategy. In contrast, adolescents in biological families have concept-oriented families and use “conflict enhancement” as a resolution strategy. It has also been found that adolescents who fall into high-stress categories used conflict enhancement strategies. In contrast, those who fall under low-stress categories used positive problem-solving and withdrawal strategies.

Practical implications
This study will add a new chapter to adolescents’ decision-making literature in line with the previous research. It has practical implications for tourism marketers, academicians/researchers and policymakers. Marketers can segment adolescents into step versus biological families, and the choice of resolution strategies may introduce efficient and competent marketing strategies and promotional campaigns.

Originality/value
This study favours that family type is a robust construct to predict adolescents’ choice of resolution strategy. So, it is one of the most influential variables in adolescents’ resolution strategy adoption.