bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the males' terminal investment strategy: Impact of the dose of stress and the time lapse between stress and mating
Authors: Cordero‐Molina Sagrario , Mendoza Laura , Alvarado Yesenia , Krams Indrikis , Contreras‐Garduño Jorge 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the terminal investment strategy, organisms allocate resources to maximize current reproduction when their future reproductive opportunities are uncertain due to a high risk of mortality. However, whether the role of time lapse between stress and reproductive investment (courtship vs. courtship and mating) triggers the terminal investment strategy remains unknown.
We examined this hypothesis in Tenebrio molitor using oxidative stress as the stressor. Given that this is the first time that oxidative stress is used to trigger terminal investment, we first conducted mate choice trials where males exposed to 5, 20, 40 or 80 mM of the pro‐oxidant, paraquat (PQ) engaged in courtship behaviour towards the females. Subsequently, we analysed the male mortality against each of these doses.
Males exposed to a 5 mM treatment exhibited higher survival rates compared with the control group, whereas males exposed to 80 mM experienced a shorter lifespan. After courtship, no significant differences in mortality were observed between the control group and those treated with 20 or 40 mM of PQ. Notably, only males exposed to 40 mM of PQ were preferred over the control group.
In a third experiment, we quantify the survival costs when males courted and mated at varying time intervals after oxidative stress (40 mM). When males were exposed to 40 mM of PQ and mated 3 h later, their mortality rates significantly decreased compared with males exposed to oxidative stress, courted and mated, but 24 h later.
We suggest that the interaction of the dose of oxidative stress and the time lapse between courtship and mating may explain opposed results to support either the terminal investment or honest signalling.
Long‐term haematological response and maintained immunological function after laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy in patients with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Münch Alica L. , Jacobsen Eva‐Maria , Schulz Ansgar , Loichinger Wolfgang , Wowra Tobias , Schiefele Lisa , Elsner Julia , Westhoff Mike‐Andrew , Serra Alexandre , Strauss Gabriele , Schaarschmidt Klaus , Cario Holger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionSubtotal or total splenectomy are recommended in severe and should be considered in intermediate forms of hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Data on laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy (LSTS) in HS patients are sparse.MethodsThirty three patients with HS (median age 10.7 years (yrs), range 1.8–15.5) underwent LSTS. Baseline and follow‐up investigation included haematological parameters, microscopic analysis of pitted erythrocytes (pitE), and B‐cell subpopulations assessed by flow cytometry. Results were compared to those of non‐splenectomised HS patients, HS patients after total splenectomy (TS), and healthy individuals.ResultsAfter LSTS, haemoglobin levels were normalised in all patients. During median long‐term follow‐up of 3.9 yrs (range 1.1–14.9), only four patients presented mild anaemia. Despite re‐growing of the remnant spleen none of the patients required a second surgical intervention. As compared to TS, PitE in LSTS patients were significantly lower and indicated normal to only moderately decreased spleen function. Relative but not absolute IgM memory B‐cell counts were reduced in both LSTS and TS patients.ConclusionsLSTS is effective for the treatment of patients with HS. A small remnant spleen is sufficient to provide adequate phagocytic function and to induce a pool of IgM memory B‐cells.
Oxidation performance and limitations of additively manufactured SiC/Si─O─C composites at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ridley Mackenzie J. , Lance Michael J. , Aguirre Trevor G. , Cramer Corson L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSiC preforms were infiltrated with polycarbosiloxane preceramic polymer to create low‐cost SiC—SixOyCz matrix composites for possible high temperature application. The effect of specimen annealing conditions on the steam and air oxidation resistance was analyzed. Air exposures from 900–1500°C showed stability of the SixOyCz matrix phase with moderate oxidation resistance. After 900°C exposures, oxidation of the composite is primarily limited to the matrix phase, and only at 1200 and 1500°C was SiC consumption visualized. Steam cycle exposures at 1200°C resulted in rapid linear oxidation of the composites with induced specimen swelling from volume expansion associated with internal oxidation. Specimens annealed in argon were found to be the most oxidation resistant due to increased matrix crystallinity and carbon retention. The results of this work were used to develop clear strategies for improving the high‐temperature properties of SiC—SixOyCz composites.
Contribution of non‐socioeconomic factors to healthy quality of life in socioeconomically deprived patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer: Measuring attributable fraction
Authors: An Zifen , Nie Jiaqi , Huang Yanfang , Fang Pei , Meng Xianmei , Cai Chunfeng , Yu Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of life of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer is seriously impaired, and socioeconomic deprivation often has a serious impact on their quality of life. However, little is known about the relative contribution of non‐socioeconomic factors to the quality of life of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with socioeconomic deprivation.AimThis study aims to investigate the situation and predictors of quality of life of patients with socioeconomic deprivation and evaluate the independent effects of some non‐socioeconomic factors.DesignA retrospective study based on cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were obtained from 1075 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer who received family palliative treatment in the hospice ward of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from March 2010 to October 2020, including demographic and clinical questionnaires, Karnofsky Performance Status scale and Cancer Pain and Quality of Life Questionnaire of Chinese Cancer Patients.ResultsThe quality of life of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with socioeconomic deprivation is impaired and is affected by gait, self‐care ability, abdominal distension, nutritional status, weight loss, constipation and posture. Improvement in six of these factors—gait, self‐care ability, abdominal distension, nutritional status, weight loss and posture—has an independent positive impact on the development of a healthy quality of life for patients.ConclusionsGait, self‐care ability, abdominal distension, nutritional status, weight loss and posture are important determinants of healthy quality of life in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer with socioeconomic deprivation, and early identification and strength management of these non‐socioeconomic factors may neutralize the negative impact of socioeconomic factors on the quality of life.Implications for PracticeThis study provides new ideas and intervention entry points for global nurses in practice innovations to improve the quality of life of socioeconomically deprived patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. It enables them to focus on the effectiveness of non‐socioeconomic factors in the development and implementation of targeted care plans for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer experiencing socioeconomic deprivation globally.Reporting MethodThis study was reported in strict compliance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA blood pressure guideline and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese adults
Authors: Qin Xiaoru , Chen Chaolei , Wang Jiabin , Nie Zhiqiang , Ou Yanqiu , Jiang Xiaofei , Feng Yingqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe association of blood pressure (BP) classification defined by the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate this research gap in the Chinese adults. Cross‐sectional data were collected from a population‐based cohort conducted in Southern China. Participants were categorized as having normal BP, elevated BP, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. CMM was defined as having two or more of the following diseases: coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. The relationship between the BP classifications and CMM was examined by multivariate logistic regression. A total of 95 649 participants (mean age: 54.3 ± 10.2 years, 60.7% were women) were enrolled in this study. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models revealed that stage 1 hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.78) and stage 2 hypertension (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.82–4.47) were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of CMM compared with normal BP. The association between stage 1 hypertension and CMM were profound in women (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.17–2.67) and in the middle‐aged group (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02–2.35) compared with men and older individuals, respectively. Our study showed that among Chinese adults, stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline was already associated with higher odds of CMM compared with normal BP, particularly in women and middle‐aged participants. Managing stage 1 hypertension may be an important measure to prevent CMM in Chinese adults.
Modelling potential distribution of Tuta absoluta in China under climate change using CLIMEX and MaxEnt
Authors: Zhao Jinyu , Ma Li , Song Chengfei , Xue Zengsheng , Zheng Ruirui , Yan Xizhong , Hao Chi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) originated in South America and is a major pest of the economically critical solanaceous crops. It is devastating to tomatoes, attacking mainly the leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of tomato plants, and can cause up to 100% damage. T. absoluta invaded China in 2017 and expanded rapidly, severely impacting the tomato industry. To illustrate the detailed potential distribution of T. absoluta in China, we used CLIMEX and MaxEnt models to predict the potential distribution of this pest using historical and future climate data. CLIMEX predicts a wider potential distribution area for T. absoluta in China than MaxEnt, which suggests that most of China is suitable for its distribution, except for the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, western Inner Mongolia and northwestern Gansu. Both models accurately predicted the known distribution of T. absoluta in the provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi, and the predictions by both models suggest the total distribution range of T. absoluta in China is to increase slightly with future changes in climate temperature. These predictions will help understand the influence of climate change on the potential distribution of T. absoluta in China and thus provide a theoretical foundation for developing early monitoring, quarantine and control strategies.
A paradigm shift in the prevention and diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hirsch Jan‐Michaél , Sandy Ronak , Hasséus Bengt , Lindblad Joakim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a widespread disease with only 50%–60% 5‐year survival. Individuals with potentially malignant precursor lesions are at high risk.MethodsSurvival could be increased by effective, affordable, and simple screening methods, along with a shift from incisional tissue biopsies to non‐invasive brush biopsies for cytology diagnosis, which are easy to perform in primary care. Along with the explainable, fast, and objective artificial intelligence characterisation of cells through deep learning, an easy‐to‐use, rapid, and cost‐effective methodology for finding high‐risk lesions is achievable. The collection of cytology samples offers the further opportunity of explorative genomic analysis.ResultsOur prospective multicentre study of patients with leukoplakia yields a vast number of oral keratinocytes. In addition to cytopathological analysis, whole‐slide imaging and the training of deep neural networks, samples are analysed according to a single‐cell RNA sequencing protocol, enabling mapping of the entire keratinocyte transcriptome. Mapping the changes in the genetic profile, based on mRNA expression, facilitates the identification of biomarkers that predict cancer transformation.ConclusionThis position paper highlights non‐invasive methods for identifying patients with oral mucosal lesions at risk of malignant transformation. Reliable non‐invasive methods for screening at‐risk individuals bring the early diagnosis of OSCC within reach. The use of biomarkers to decide on a targeted therapy is most likely to improve the outcome. With the large‐scale collection of samples following patients over time, combined with genomic analysis and modern machine‐learning‐based approaches for finding patterns in data, this path holds great promise.
Long non‐coding RNA X‐Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) interacting with USF2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells through regulation of WDR72 transcription
Authors: Xu Ke , Li Ya‐dong , Ren Liu‐yang , Song Hai‐long , Yang Qiao‐yun , Xu Dong‐liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the most potential cells in periodontal tissue regeneration and bone tissue regeneration. Our prior work had revealed that WD repeat‐containing protein 72 (WDR72) was crucial for osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Here, we further elucidated its underlying mechanism in PDLSC osteogenic differentiation.MethodsHuman PDLSCs, isolated and identified by flow cytometry, were prepared for osteogenic differentiation induction. Levels of WDR72, long non‐coding RNA X‐Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST), upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2), and osteogenic marker genes (Runx2, Osteocalcin, and Collagen I) in human PDLSCs and clinical specimens were detected by RT‐qPCR. Protein expressions of WDR72, Runx2, Osteocalcin, and Colla1 were tested by Western blot. The interactions among the molecules were verified by RIP, RNA pull‐down, ChIP, and luciferase reporter assays. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS).ResultsWDR72 was decreased in periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients, and overexpression reversed TNF‐α‐mediated suppressive effects on PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. Mechanically, XIST recruited the enrichment of USF2 to the WDR72 promoter region, thereby positively regulating WDR72. WDR72 silencing overturned XIST‐mediated biological effects in PDLSCs.ConclusionWDR72, regulated by the XIST/USF2 axis, enhances osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, implying a novel strategy for alleviating periodontitis.
Assessing spatial patterns and density of a dolphin population through signature whistles
Authors: Romeu Bianca , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Hammond Philip S. , Castilho Pedro V. , Simões‐Lopes Paulo C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSome dolphin species produce signature whistles, which may allow the identification of individual dolphins using passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Identifying individuals by their sounds may enhance the opportunities for monitoring and addressing biological and ecological questions about these species. Here, we explored the potential of signature whistles to investigate ecological aspects of a resident bottlenose dolphin population. Using a limited data set, with few individuals recognized by signature whistles, combined with spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) methods, we investigated how effective such approach is describing spatial use patterns and estimating density for this population. The data were collected using 4–6 stationary bottom‐moored recorders. Since only eight signature whistles were identified, our density estimate may represent a subset of the entire population. However, even with only a few signature whistles identified, our results confirmed the center of the core area used by these dolphins as the area with the highest encounter probability. In addition, our results provided evidence that these dolphins have the same spatial use pattern at night as during the day. This study shows that SCR analysis of signature whistle data can improve our ecological knowledge and understanding of dolphin populations.
Food healthiness judgements among Brazilian and German lay adults
Authors: Moraes Jessica Maria Muniz , Sproesser Gudrun , Alvarenga Marle dos Santos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigated which foods are most saliently judged as healthy and unhealthy in Brazil and Germany and the reasons for these judgements. Dietary guidelines in the two countries differ in that those in Brazil are based on a food processing classification rather than nutrient profiling, whereas dietary guidelines in Germany do not include the processing level of food. In an online study with 355 lay adults (Brazil n = 205, Germany n = 150), we explored which foods are listed as healthy and unhealthy using a free‐listing method. The main reasons for these healthiness judgements were then identified with a one or two‐word phrase and compared between countries. Saliency analysis was conducted to identify the 15 most salient healthy and unhealthy foods in each country. Principles of content analysis were used to assess the reasons why these 15 items were listed as most salient by the participants. Results showed that both Brazilians and Germans listed mostly natural or minimally processed food (e.g. fruits, vegetables, grains, fish and milk) as healthy, whereas types of convenience and fast food, sweets and other ultra‐processed foods (e.g. chocolate, soda, French fries, pizza and hamburger) were the most salient unhealthy items listed in both countries. Differences in culturally relevant items listed in each country are discussed. Further, in both countries, despite differences in their dietary guidelines, food healthiness judgements for the most salient items listed relied heavily on the nutritional content of food, reinforced the ‘good/healthy’ and ‘bad/unhealthy’ dichotomy, and were centred on benefits or harms to the body (e.g. prevention or cause of diseases and weight control). The similarity of food healthiness judgements between the two countries, together with their agreement with conventional health claims and dietary guidelines, suggest that lay Brazilian and German adults are knowledgeable about the general concepts of ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food. Finally, these findings suggest that rather than just providing more nutritional information, policymakers and health professionals need to take into account the multiple psychosocial and environmental determinants of eating in these countries.
A Novel Semi‐Cannulated Screw Enhanced Bone Cement Augmentation and Pullout Strength in Posterior Cervical Lateral Mass Screw Fixations: An In Vitro Biomechanical and Morphological Study
Authors: Canyang Huang , Weidong Chen , Zhiping Huang , Xiuhua Wu , Minghui Zheng , Haihong Huang , Qingan Zhu , Dongbin Qu 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a novel semi‐cannulated lateral mass screw (SC‐LMS) for cervical posterior fixations and compare the fixation stability and safety of SC‐LMS with regular solid lateral mass screw (S‐LMS) in bone cement augmentation and pullout strength using fresh cadaveric cervical vertebrae.MethodsThe conventional multiaxial screw for cervical lateral mass fixation was modified to a cannulated screw with two lateral holes, used for bone cement injection in situ. Eight fresh human cervical vertebrae (C3, C4, and C5) were collected and used. μCT scan was performed to evaluate the bone quality of the lateral masses, including bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). SCLMS or S‐LMS were randomly inserted into the paired cervical vertebrae and pulled out as a screw loosening model. These screws were reinserted in with bone cement augmentation, scanned by μCT to obtain the bone cement distribution along the screws, and pulled out to test the screw purchase strength.ResultsFmax values exhibited strong positive correlations with the local BMD (𝑟 = 0.8640, p < 0.0001) and Tb.Th (𝑟 = 0.6795, p = 0.0038), whereas a negative correlation with Tb.Sp (𝑟 = −0.5567, p = 0.0251). A significant difference was observed between the Fmax before and after PMMA injection on the SC‐LMS side (p = 0.019). The SC‐LMS exhibited lower risk of cement leakage than S‐LMS after PMMA injection, and a positive correlation was observed between 𝐹max and the distribution volumes on the SC‐LMS side.ConclusionThe novel SC‐LMS provides more robust fixation stability and is safer than the S‐LMS for PMMA augmentation, which may be related to the cement‐screw‐cement‐bone complex formation.
Levodopa‐Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Injection for Patient with Severe Parkinson's Disease Followed by Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Imamura Atsushi , Kuroyanagi Gen , Usami Takuya , Sato Toyohiro , Horiba Mitsuya , Sakai Hiroaki , Takahashi Ayaka , Ueki Yoshino , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Murakami Hideki 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundPatients with Parkinson's disease have a high dislocation rate after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study describes a case with severe Parkinson's disease who developed rapidly destructive coxarthrosis (RDC) and underwent THA using a dual mobility cup after a levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion.Case presentationThe patient is a 59‐year‐old female with a ten‐year history of Parkinson's disease, which was first treated with oral levodopa. The patient developed RDC of the right hip joint. However, THA was difficult owing to Parkinson's disease and its treatment side effects, such as wearing‐off, dyskinesia, and freezing of the gait, Thus, LCIG was initiated, and improvement in wearing‐off and dyskinesia was observed. Two months after the LCIG therapy, the disease was controlled well. THA was subsequently performed using a dual mobility cup to prevent postoperative dislocation. Postoperatively, LCIG therapy was continuously administered to carefully manage the disease, which was controlled well with no increase in wearing‐off and dyskinesia after surgery. At 1 year after surgery, the walking speed, stride length, and the Harris hip score improved compared to preoperatively. The UPDRS III motor score improved to eight without signs of wearing‐off or dyskinesia. The Hoehn‐Yahr scale was II in the “on” period and remained unchanged 1 year after surgery. The patient could walk without a cane and had satisfactory functional outcomes.ConclusionThis case proved that LCIG treatment performed preoperatively, followed by THA using a dual mobility cup, and strict management of Parkinson's disease could result in a satisfactory clinical course without recurrence of wearing‐off and dyskinesia. Similar procedures may benefit other patients with Parkinson's disease who have previously been deemed unsuitable for THA.