bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Mg I from the NUV to MIR
Authors: Peralta J. I. , Vieytes M. C. , Mendez A. M. P. , Mitnik D. M. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Reliable atomic data are mandatory ingredients to obtain a realistic semiempirical model of any stellar atmosphere. Due to their importance, we further improved our recently published Mg I atomic model.
Aims. We tested the new atomic model using atmospheric models of stars of different spectral types: the Sun (dG2), HD 22049 (dK2, Epsilon Eridani), GJ 832 (dM2), and GJ 581 (dM3).
Methods. Significant improvements have been included in the atomic model, mainly to the electron impact excitation (ϒij) values. We used new Breit-Pauli distorted-wave (DW) multiconfiguration calculations, which proved to be relevant for many transitions in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. The new atomic model of Mg I includes the following: (i) recomputed (ϒij) data through the DW method, including the superlevels. (ii) For the nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) population calculations, 5676 theoretical transitions were added (3001 term-to-term). (iii) All of these improvements were studied in the Sun and the stars listed above. Comparisons for the distribution of magnesium among the first ionization states and the formation of molecules, as well as for the population of the different energy levels and atmospheric heights, were carried out. Several lines, representative of the spectral ranges, were selected to analyze the changes that were produced. In particular, we exemplify these results with the problematic line 2853.0 Å, a transition between the third level and the ground state.
Results. The magnesium distribution between ionization states for stars with different effective temperatures was compared. For the Sun and Epsilon Eridani, Mg II predominates with more than 95%, while for GJ 832 and GJ 581, Mg I represents more than 72% of the population. Moreover, in the latter stars, the amount of magnesium forming molecules in their atmosphere is at least two orders of magnitude higher. Regarding the NLTE population, a noticeable lower variability in the departure coefficients was found, indicating a better population coupling for the new model. Comparing the synthetic spectrum calculated with the older and new Mg I atomic model, these results show minimal differences in the visible range but they are stronger in the infrared (IR) for all of the stars. This aspect should be considered when using lines from this region as indicators. Nevertheless, some changes in the spectral type were found, also emphasizing the need to test the atomic models in different atmospheric conditions. The most noticeable changes occurred in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV), obtaining a higher flux for the new atomic model regardless of the spectral type. The new model did not prevent the formation of the core emission in the synthetic NUV line 2853.0 Å. However, by including other observations, we could note that the emission indeed exists, although with a much lower intensity. Further tests have shown that to reduce the emission, the population of its upper level (3s3p 1P) should be reduced by a factor of about 100.
Ketogenic Diet in Neonates with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Efficacy and Side Effects—A Single Center's Initial Experience
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Sortino Vincenzo , Collotta Ausilia Desiree , Privitera Grete Francesca , Palmeri Antonio , Mauceri Laura , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background For patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, a therapeutic option is ketogenic diet. Currently, data on young infants are scarce, particularly during hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short-term (3-month) efficacy and side effects of ketogenic diet in infants with “drugs-resistant” epilepsy treated during NICU stay.
Methods This retrospective study included infants aged under 2 months started on ketogenic diet during NICU hospitalization to treat drug-resistant epilepsy from April 2018 to November 2022.
Results Thirteen term-born infants were included, three (23.1%) of whom were excluded because they did not respond to the ketogenic diet. Finally, we included 10 infants. Six (60%) patients took three antiepileptics before starting the ketogenic diet, while four (40%) took more drugs. Diet had a good response in four (40%) patients. In four patients, the ketogenic diet was suspended because of the onset of serious side effects. The emetic levels of sodium, potassium, and chlorine, pH, and onset of diarrhea, constipation, and gastroesophageal reflux showed significant differences. Ketonuria was higher and blood pH lower in the group that took more than three drugs than in the group taking fewer than three drugs.
Conclusion The ketogenic diet is efficacious and safe in infants, but the early and aggressive management of adverse reactions is important to improve the safety and effectiveness of the ketogenic treatment.
Expert Review on Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Advances, Controversies, and New Directions
Authors: Barton Eleanor C. , Maskell Nick A. , Walker Steven P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor decades, there has been scanty evidence, most of which is of poor quality, to guide clinicians in the assessment and management of pneumothorax. A recent surge in pneumothorax research has begun to address controversies surrounding the topic and change the face of pneumothorax management. In this article, we review controversies concerning the etiology, pathogenesis, and classification of pneumothorax, and discuss recent advances in its management, including conservative and ambulatory management. We review the evidence base for the challenges of managing pneumothorax, including persistent air leak, and suggest new directions for future research that can help provide patient-centered, evidence-based management for this challenging cohort of patients.
Factors Influencing Anti-Xa Assays: A Multicenter Prospective Study in Critically Ill and Noncritically Ill Patients Receiving Unfractionated Heparin
Authors: Lasne Dominique , Toussaint-Hacquard Marie , Delassasseigne Céline , Bauters Anne , Flaujac Claire , Savard Philippe , Mouton Christine , De Maistre Emmanuel , Stepanian Alain , Eschwège Valérie , Delrue Maxime , Georges Jean-Louis , Gros Antoine , Mansour Alexandre , Leroy Guillaume , Jouffroy Romain , Mattei Matthieu , Beurton Antoine , Pontis Adeline , Neuwirth Marie , Nedelec-Gac Fabienne , Lecompte Thomas , Curis Emmanuel , Siguret Virginie , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle 
Published: June 2023

Background The presence of dextran sulfate (DS) in reagents and the type of blood collection tube (citrate/citrated-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole [CTAD]) can lead to discrepancies between unfractionated heparin (UFH) anti-Xa levels.
Objectives To evaluate the extent of the effect (1) of different reagents containing or not containing DS and (2) of the blood collection tubes, on UFH anti-Xa levels, in various clinical situations (NCT04700670).
Methods We prospectively included patients from eight centers: group (G)1, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after heparin neutralization (n = 39); G2, cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) after CPB (n = 35); G3, medical ICU (n = 53); G4, other medical inpatients (n = 38). Blood was collected into citrated and CTAD tubes. Chromogenic anti-Xa assays were centrally performed, using seven reagent/analyzer combinations including two without DS. The association between anti-Xa levels and covariates was tested using a linear mixed-effects model.
Results We analyzed 4,546 anti-Xa values from 165 patients. Median anti-Xa levels were systematically higher with reagents containing DS, whatever the patient group, with the greatest effect observed in G1 (0.32 vs. 0.05 IU/mL). Anti-Xa levels were slightly higher in CTAD than in citrate samples, irrespective of the assay. The model showed: (1) a significant dextran–patient group interaction (p < 0.0001), the effect of DS on anti-Xa levels varying from 30.9% in G4 to 296% in G1, and (2) a significant effect of CTAD, varying between patient groups (p = 0.0302).
Conclusion The variability of anti-Xa levels with a great overestimation of the values, using a reagent containing DS, can lead to different treatment decisions, especially after heparin neutralization by protamine. Clinical consequences of these differences remain to be demonstrated.
GPS-derived foraging behaviour of red deer and liveweight gain of red deer and wapiti crossbred sire lines on contrasting winter forage types
Authors: Thompson B. R. , Stevens D. R. , Bennett C. , O’Neill K. T. , Miller P. , Green P. , Ward J. F. 
Published: June 2023

Context It is common practice to manage red deer on highly digestible easily harvested forage during winter on New Zealand deer farms, particularly in areas that experience low or no pasture growth during this period. However, not all individuals within these production systems perform equally. Aims To investigate foraging behaviour of young red deer and liveweight gain of young red deer and wapiti crossbred sire lines when offered two contrasting winter forage diets. Methods One hundred and sixty-three rising 1-year-old female red deer and red deer wapiti crossbreds representing five red deer and two wapiti sires, were split into two management groups balanced by sire and liveweight and managed on either an easily harvested highly digestible diet (forage kale) or a harder-to-harvest more poorly digestible diet (pasture) for a 6-week period during winter. Foraging behaviour was monitored on 95 red deer yearlings by using GPS collars over a 2-week period. Liveweights were recorded at the start and end of the 6-week period. Key results Progeny managed on the kale treatment exhibited an extended activity period during the dawn period and a suppressed activity period during the middle of the day. Progeny managed on the pasture treatment exhibited frequent shorter activity periods from dawn to dusk. Time spent foraging and the number of foraging bouts greater than 5 min in duration were different among progeny of different sires. These differences in behaviour did not affect liveweight gain. Liveweight gain over the 6-week trial period was significantly higher for progeny from one wapiti sire than for all red deer sire progeny while being managed on the kale diet (P < 0.001), but there were no differences among progeny on the pasture diet. Conclusion Foraging behaviour varied considerably between sire lines and appeared to vary between forage type, but there were no correlations between behaviour and liveweight gain in this trial. Implications Forage type offered to young red deer may alter their foraging behaviour. Offering an easier to harvest high digestible forage diet may increase liveweight gain of progeny that have a higher genetic potential to grow during the winter period.
Synthesis of hydrogels incorporating core–shell structured Fe3O4@ZIF-8 as bio-nanocomposite carriers for drug delivery
Authors: Mekrattanachai Pagasukon , Setthaya Naruemon , Chindawong Chakkresit , Yotnoi Bunlawee , Song Wei Guo , Manaspon Chawan 
Published: June 2023

Due to its high porosity and excellent pH-sensitive breakdown, the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) has been investigated as a drug delivery vehicle. To increase the magnetic property of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were encapsulated to form a core–shell structure (Fe3O4@ZIF-8). The core–shell particles were then incorporated into a hydrogel to increase biocompatibility. The Fe3O4@ZIF-8-incorporated hydrogel nanocomposite (Fe3O4@ZIF-8 hydrogel) was then studied for in vitro cytotoxicity for drug delivery applications. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the core–shell structure of the synthesized Fe3O4@ZIF-8 with a central Fe3O4 core and a shell of nano-sized ZIF-8. The specific surface area of the obtained Fe3O4@ZIF-8 was 821 m2 g–1 with a pore volume of 0.36 cm3 g–1. The effect of the prepared Fe3O4@ZIF-8 on cell viability (mouse fibroblast, L929 cell line) was investigated using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The Fe3O4@ZIF-8 and pure ZIF-8 showed a 50% inhibitory concentration at 28.2 + 1.0 and 11.2 + 6.6 µg mL–1, respectively. A chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogel incorporating Fe3O4@ZIF-8 was successfully prepared and showed over 75% cell viability compared to the fresh culture medium. Overall results indicated the safety of using chitosan/pluronic F-127 vehicles containing Fe3O4@ZIF-8 as a carrier for drug delivery systems.
Strategies for new word formation in NGT
Authors: van der Kooij Els , Zwitserlood Inge , Crasborn Onno 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How do new words arise in a sign language? We present an empirical study of newly formed words in Sign Language of
the Netherlands (NGT). Five signers were asked to create new forms for known concepts for which word forms exist in NGT.
Participants used sequential strategies for word formation, also found in spoken languages. More frequently, however, they used
simultaneous strategies, some of which are unique for the visual-manual modality. We describe and discuss each strategy and focus
on the most prominent of these, namely the simultaneous combination of meaningful form elements (Form-Meaning Units or FMUs). The
abundance of simultaneous combinations of FMUs in our data cannot be explained in terms of concatenative morphology. We propose an
account for word formation phenomena in NGT that uses the phonological segment as the template for simultaneous combinations of
FMUs. This study shows that the FMUs function as basic building blocks for words and accordingly can be considered morphemes.
Given the large set of FMUs in NGT and their frequent occurrence in the newly formed lexical words in our data, we argue for the
acknowledgement of more morphological complexity within the lexicon of sign languages and for a re-evaluation of the relation
between sign language phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Teaching the art of “judicious” translators’ interventions
Authors: Jaccomard Hélène 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the capstone unit of a Master of Translation, students were required to write “judicious” interventions (Lefevere 1996) by way of peritextual commentary, be it an introduction, a preface, or a postface. Such interventions are at heart a reaction against the well-documented translators’ invisibility. The hope is that studying patterns of published translators’ interventions of this type and teaching trainee translators to write their own will foster self-reflexivity, confidence and “the virtues of courage and determination” (Chesterman 2001). The article describes how learners were encouraged to meet this outcome, the tasks involved, and how some students in the 2020 cohort fared. It concludes with some suggestions on how to promote best practice in teaching to combat translators’ invisibility.
Analysis of optical channel waveguides composed of bianisotropic materials with a strong magnetoelectric effect using a transmission-line formulation
Authors: Balaei Elham , Shahabadi Mahmoud , Talebi Nahid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optical modes in channel waveguides composed of lossy bianisotropic magnetoelectric (ME) materials have been theoretically investigated here. In this study, a semi-analytical method based on the Fourier expansion technique, a well-known transmission-line formulation, is generalized to ME materials in a general case. Using this method, the dispersion diagram, including both phase and attenuation constants, and the field profile of the guided modes in channel waveguides such as rib waveguides are obtained. The presence of ME materials changes the polarization of guided modes in the structure. In all stages of the analysis, the numerical results are calculated and compared with those generated by commercial electromagnetic solvers to verify the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
Electrical and optical properties of C, Ge-doped armchair silicene nanoribbons applied in optoelectronics
Authors: Ngoc Hoang Van , Thuy Huynh Thi Phuong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the continuous development of nanotechnology, the search for new material structures plays a crucial role. Silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs) are one-dimensional materials that hold promise for numerous potential applications in the future. The electric and optical properties of C, Ge-doped armchair SiNRs are investigated in this study using density functional theory. All the doped configurations are stable and maintain the honeycomb hexagonal structure after optimization. Doping with C yields flatter structures, while doping with Ge yields larger buckling heights. The C 1–1 doping configuration is highlighted because its band gap is extended up to 2.35 eV, making it an ideal candidate for potential optoelectronic applications. The charge distribution, charge density difference, and hybridization of multiple orbitals are also systematically studied. The optical properties reveal the differences between C and Ge doping, with a clear anisotropy observed. Strong absorption occurs at high electromagnetic wave energies, while the absorption coefficient rapidly decreases in the long-wavelength range. The study of electron–hole density shows good agreement with the energy band structure, where electron–hole pairs only exist when the excitation energy is greater than the bandgap width, and not all excitation energy values give rise to electron–hole pairs. This study contributes a small part to creating potential applications in nanotechnology.
Study on driving noise of quartz flexible accelerometer torquer
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Zhao Dongxue , He Huiyong , Tang Lijun , He Qian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The distributed capacitance inside the quartz flexible accelerometer (QFA) coupled the high frequency voltage excitation signal in the differential capacitance detection circuit to the torquer coil, and superimposes the torquer driving current to form the driving noise. In this study, the values of the distributed capacitance inside the QFA were simulated. According to the formation mechanism of the QFA driving noise, the equivalent circuit model of the driving noise is established, and the driving noise characteristics of the detection circuit with single excitation and double excitation source are analyzed. The theoretical and experimental results show that the electric field coupled driving noise transmission system is a first-order system with high-pass characteristics. The driving noise of the single excitation detection circuit is larger than that of the dual excitation detection circuit (DEDC), and the DEDC can reduce the driving noise by 39.77% when the QFA shell is grounded. The equivalent acceleration of the electric field coupled driving noise is between tens of μg to hundreds of mg, which is one of the important noise sources that affect the measurement accuracy of the QFA. A measure was proposed to suppress the high-frequency driving noise by adding a low-pass filter after the sampling output of the driving current, which can reduce the driving noise to 1.85 μg and effectively reduce the influence of the driving noise on the measurement accuracy of the QFA.
A high-performance multilayer cylindrical magnetic shielding with a varying layer spacing for NMR sensors
Authors: Jie Shaofeng , Li Jianli , Liu Zhanchao , Mao Yunkai 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A stable inner working environment is essential for nuclear magnetic resonance sensors, which requires the absence of remnant magnetic fields and fluctuations caused by the surrounding magnetic fields. In this study, we utilized analytical formulations to derive transverse and longitudinal magnetic shielding factors for multilayer cylindrical magnetic shielding. Subsequently, we proposed a novel method for designing and improving the shielding factor by optimizing the spacing of every pair of adjacent layers within a limited volume. The final design result of the multilayer cylindrical magnetic shielding features optimally designed varying layer spacings, which are associated with a specific length and diameter. After optimization, the transverse shielding factor increased by 5.53%, 8.99%, and 13.51% for the three-, four-, and five-layer shields, respectively, compared to traditional magnetic shielding. The opening in the axial center of the magnetic shielding barrel may cause leakage of the magnetic flux and inhomogeneous remnant magnetic induction. We introduced a stovepipe to the end cap of the axial shield based on the finite element method, resulting in an improvement in the homogeneity of remnant magnetic induction. This modification widened the axial uniform region of the innermost shielding layer by approximately 9 cm within 52.5 cm in our simulation. To implement our proposed optimization method, we established and manufactured a four-layer cylindrical magnetic shielding with stovepipes and varying layer spacings. Moreover, the results indicate that this optimal method works for other applications in which multilayer magnetic shielding is required.
Detection of Be dopant pairing in VLS grown GaAs nanowires with twinning superlattices
Authors: Mead Christopher , Huang Chunyi , Isik Goktas Nebile , Fiordaliso Elisabetta Maria , LaPierre Ray R , Lauhon Lincoln J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Control over the distribution of dopants in nanowires is essential for regulating their electronic properties, but perturbations in nanowire microstructure may affect doping. Conversely, dopants may be used to control nanowire microstructure including the generation of twinning superlattices (TSLs)—periodic arrays of twin planes. Here the spatial distribution of Be dopants in a GaAs nanowire with a TSL is investigated using atom probe tomography. Homogeneous dopant distributions in both the radial and axial directions are observed, indicating a decoupling of the dopant distribution from the nanowire microstructure. Although the dopant distribution is microscopically homogenous, radial distribution function analysis discovered that 1% of the Be atoms occur in substitutional-interstitial pairs. The pairing confirms theoretical predictions based on the low defect formation energy. These findings indicate that using dopants to engineer microstructure does not necessarily imply that the dopant distribution is non-uniform.
Vortex solutions for pseudo-relativistic Hartree equations
Authors: Yang Jinge , Yang Jianfu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study k-vortex solutions of the form

ψ
(
t
,
x
)
=

e

i
(
μ
t
+
k
θ
(

x
1

,

x
2

)
)

u
(
x
)

of the pseudo-relativistic Hartree equation
1

i

ψ
t

(
x
,
t
)
=
(

−
Δ
+

m
2

−
m
)
ψ
(
x
,
t
)
−
(

|

x

|

−
1

∗

|

ψ

|

2

)
ψ
(
x
,
t
)
,

(
x
,
t
)
∈

R

3

×

R

,

under the constraint

∫

R

3

|

u

|

2

d
x
=
N
.

Such solutions are obtained as minimizers of the problem
2

e
k

(
N
)
=
inf
{

E
k

(
u
)
:
u
∈

H
s

∖
{
0
}
,

∫

ℝ
3

|

u
(
x
,
0
)

|
2

d
x
=
N
>
0
}

with the associated functional

E
k

(
u
)

of (1). We show that there is a threshold value

N
c

(
k
)
>
0

such that problem (2) admits a nonnegative minimizer u

N
if

0
<
N
<

N
c

(
k
)

, and there exists no minimizer for

e
k

(
N
)

if

N
⩾

N
c

(
k
)

. Moreover, the stability of the vortex solution is considered, and the limiting behavior of the minimizer u

N
as

N
→

N
c

(
k

)
−

is described.