bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of declared nutrient content on labels of commercial complementary food products in Cambodia, Indonesia and Senegal
Authors: Champeny Mary , Yuen‐Esco Katelyn , Juniza Eva , Sy Ndeye Y. , Kane Rosenette , Badham Jane , Mulder Anzélle , Pries Alissa M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCommercially produced complementary foods (CPCF) have the potential to fill nutritional gaps in the diets of older infants and young children. This study evaluated the accuracy of nutrient declarations on labels of 43 commonly available CPCF in three peri‐urban/urban locations: Khsach Kandal district, Cambodia (n = 11); Bandung, Indonesia (n = 11) and Guédiawaye and Dakar departments, Senegal (n = 21). Label values (LV) from product nutrient declarations were compared to analytical values (AV) derived from laboratory nutrient analysis for macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein and total fat), nutrients of public health concern (saturated fat, total sugar and sodium), and micronutrients of interest (calcium, iron and zinc). European Union guidance for nutrition label accuracy was used to set tolerance ranges for each nutrient LV relative to AV. LV were missing for one or more nutrients in 88.4% (n = 38) of the CPCF products and no CPCF met EU tolerance thresholds for all nine nutrients assessed. Over half of products with LV for key micronutrients (55.6%, n = 10/18) and macronutrients (54.8%, n = 23/42) met tolerances for LV accuracy. Eighty‐five percent (n = 11/13) of products with LV for nutrients of public health concern were determined to be accurate. Nutrient content claims for iron appeared on 19 (44.2%) of the 43 products. Of the products which made an iron content claim, 26.3% had inaccurate LV with the majority of these containing less iron than declared. Regulatory action is needed to ensure that CPCF labelling communicates complete and accurate nutrient content information that enables caregivers to make informed decisions for feeding older infants and young children.
Impact of a Homestead Food Production program on poultry rearing and egg consumption: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh
Authors: Lambrecht Nathalie J. , Waid Jillian L. , Wendt Amanda S. , Sobhan Shafinaz , Kader Abdul , Gabrysch Sabine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWomen and children in Bangladesh face high levels of micronutrient deficiencies from inadequate diets. We evaluated the impact of a Homestead Food Production (HFP) intervention on poultry production, as a pathway outcome, and women's and children's egg consumption, as secondary outcomes, as part of the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition cluster‐randomized trial in Sylhet division, Bangladesh. The 3‐year intervention (2015−2018) promoted home gardening, poultry rearing, and nutrition counseling. We randomly allocated 96 clusters to intervention (48 clusters; 1337 women) or control (48 clusters; 1368 women). Children < 3 years old born to participants were enrolled during the trial. We analyzed poultry production indicators, measured annually, and any egg consumption (24‐h recall), measured every 2−6 months for women and their children. We conducted intention‐to‐treat analyses using mixed‐effects logistic regression models with repeat measures, with minimal adjustment to increase precision. Poultry ownership increased by 16% points (pp) and egg production by 13 pp in the final intervention year. The intervention doubled women's odds of egg consumption in the final year (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.68−3.18), with positive effects sustained 1‐year post‐intervention (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.16−2.15). Children's odds of egg consumption were increased in the final year (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.87−4.95). Poultry ownership was associated with women's egg consumption, accounting for 12% of the total intervention effect, but not with children's egg consumption. Our findings demonstrate that an HFP program can have longer‐term positive effects on poultry production and women's and children's diets.
Prevalence and associated factors of disorders of gut‐brain interaction in the United States: Comparison of two nationwide Internet surveys
Authors: Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Whitehead William E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo comprehensive assessment of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) in the United States (US) national population has been published in the past three decades. We aimed to provide an updated picture of DGBI in the United States and associated factors, using data from two national Internet surveys.MethodsData were analyzed from 1949 people surveyed in 2015, and 2023 people surveyed in 2017 as a part of the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES). The surveys had nearly identical methodology and included the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire and questions on demographics, quality of life (QoL), emotional symptoms, and healthcare utilization.Key ResultsThe prevalence of having any DGBI was 36.0% and 39.9% in the two surveys. Prevalence estimates for the 22 DGBI assessed were broadly comparable between the surveys, as their 95% confidence intervals overlapped for every disorder. Females had DGBI more commonly than males in both surveys (odds ratios 1.66 and 1.52), and people of age 65 and older had lower DGBI prevalence than younger age groups. Having DGBI was associated in both surveys with significant QoL impairment, elevated anxiety, depression and somatization symptoms, and increased doctor visits.Conclusions and InferencesApproximately 4 out of every 10 US adults have a DGBI; more commonly women and people under the age of 65. DGBI adversely affect QoL and emotional well‐being and increase healthcare needs. The similarity of findings between the two surveys supports the reliability of DGBI prevalence estimates obtained with the Internet survey method used globally in the RFGES.
A comparative study of disorders of gut–brain interaction in Western Europe and Asia based on the Rome foundation global epidemiology study
Authors: Hreinsson Johann P. , Wong Reuben K. M. , Tack Jan , Whorwell Peter , Benninga Marc A. , Andresen Viola , Bonaz Bruno , Choi Suck Chei , Corazziari Enrico S. , Santos Javier , Fukudo Shin , Kanazawa Motoyori , Fang Xuicai , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Sperber Ami D. , Palsson Olafur S. , Simrén Magnus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have been published on disorders of the gut–brain interaction (DGBI) in Asia and Western Europe, but no previous study has directly assessed the difference between the two regions. The aim was to compare the prevalence of DGBI in Asia and Western Europe.MethodsWe used data collected in a population‐based Internet survey, the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study, from countries in Western Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and Asia (China, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore). We assessed DGBI diagnoses (Rome IV Adult Diagnostic Questionnaire), anxiety/depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐4, PHQ‐4), non‐GI somatic symptoms (PHQ‐12), and access to and personal costs of doctor visits.ResultsThe study included 9487 subjects in Asia and 16,314 in Western Europe. Overall, 38.0% had at least one DGBI; younger age, female sex, and higher scores on PHQ4 and PHQ12 were all associated with DGBI. The prevalence of having at least one DGBI was higher in Western Europe than in Asia (39.1% vs 36.1%, OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.08–1.20]). This difference was also observed for DGBI by anatomical regions, most prominently esophageal DGBI (OR 1.67 [1.48–1.88]). After adjustment, the difference in DGBI prevalence diminished and psychological (PHQ‐4) and non‐GI somatic symptoms (PHQ‐12) had the greatest effect on the odds ratio estimates.ConclusionThe prevalence of DGBI is generally higher in Western Europe compared to Asia. A considerable portion of the observed difference in prevalence rates seems to be explained by more severe psychological and non‐GI somatic symptoms in Western Europe.
The effect of the vertical gradients of photosynthetic parameters on the CO2 assimilation and transpiration of a Panamanian tropical forest
Authors: Lamour Julien , Davidson Kenneth J. , Ely Kim S. , Le Moguédec Gilles , Anderson Jeremiah A. , Li Qianyu , Calderón Osvaldo , Koven Charles D. , Wright S. Joseph , Walker Anthony P. , Serbin Shawn P. , Rogers Alistair 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) include the representation of vertical gradients in leaf traits associated with modeling photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance. However, model assumptions associated with these gradients have not been tested in complex tropical forest canopies.
We compared TBM representation of the vertical gradients of key leaf traits with measurements made in a tropical forest in Panama and then quantified the impact of the observed gradients on simulated canopy‐scale CO2 and water fluxes.
Comparison between observed and TBM trait gradients showed divergence that impacted canopy‐scale simulations of water vapor and CO2 exchange. Notably, the ratio between the dark respiration rate and the maximum carboxylation rate was lower near the ground than at the top‐of‐canopy, leaf‐level water‐use efficiency was markedly higher at the top‐of‐canopy, and the decrease in maximum carboxylation rate from the top‐of‐canopy to the ground was less than TBM assumptions.
The representation of the gradients of leaf traits in TBMs is typically derived from measurements made within‐individual plants, or, for some traits, assumed constant due to a lack of experimental data. Our work shows that these assumptions are not representative of the trait gradients observed in species‐rich, complex tropical forests.
Ecosystem‐dependent responses of soil carbon storage to phosphorus enrichment
Authors: Feng Jiguang , Song Yanjun , Zhu Biao 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Phosphorus deposition can stimulate both plant carbon inputs and microbial carbon outputs. However, how P enrichment affects soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
We conducted a meta‐analysis of 642 SOC observations from 213 field P addition experiments world‐wide and explored the regulations of plant inputs, microbial outputs, plant characteristics, and environmental and experimental factors on SOC responses.
We found that, globally, P addition stimulated SOC by 4.0% (95% CI: 2.0–6.0%), but the stimulation only occurred in forest and cropland rather than in grassland. Across sites, the response of SOC correlated with that of plant aboveground rather than belowground biomass, suggesting that the change in plant inputs from aboveground was more important than that from belowground in regulating SOC changes due to P addition. Among multiple factors, plant N fixation status and mean annual temperature were the best predictors for SOC responses to P addition, with SOC stimulation being higher in ecosystems dominated by symbiotic nitrogen fixers and ecosystems in high‐temperature regions like tropical forests.
Our findings highlight the differential and ecosystem‐dependent responses of SOC to P enrichment and can contribute to accurate predictions of soil carbon dynamics in a P‐enriched world.
Immunometabolism at the crossroads of obesity and cancer—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Pearce Erika L. , Ho Ping‐Chih , Haigis Marcia C. , Mamedov Murad R. , Wu Meng‐Ju , Kaech Susan M. , Lynch Lydia , Febbraio Mark A. , Bapat Sagar P. , Hong Hanna S. , Zou Weiping , Belkaid Yasmine , Sullivan Zuri A. , Keller Andrea , Wculek Stefanie K. , Green Douglas R. , Postic Catherine , Amit Ido , Benitah Salvador Aznar , Jones Russell G. , Reina‐Campos Miguel , Torres Santiago Valle , Beyaz Semir , Brennan Donal , O'Neill Luke A. J. , Perry Rachel J. , Brenner Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunometabolism considers the relationship between metabolism and immunity. Typically, researchers focus on either the metabolic pathways within immune cells that affect their function or the impact of immune cells on systemic metabolism. A more holistic approach that considers both these viewpoints is needed. On September 5–8, 2022, experts in the field of immunometabolism met for the Keystone symposium “Immunometabolism at the Crossroads of Obesity and Cancer” to present recent research across the field of immunometabolism, with the setting of obesity and cancer as an ideal example of the complex interplay between metabolism, immunity, and cancer. Speakers highlighted new insights on the metabolic links between tumor cells and immune cells, with a focus on leveraging unique metabolic vulnerabilities of different cell types in the tumor microenvironment as therapeutic targets and demonstrated the effects of diet, the microbiome, and obesity on immune system function and cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Finally, speakers presented new technologies to interrogate the immune system and uncover novel metabolic pathways important for immunity.
Causal association between asthma and periodontitis: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Jiao Ruofeng , Li Wei , Song Jukun , Chen Zhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA unified view of whether asthma and periodontitis interact and the direction of action is not found in previous studies. Therefore, in this article, we will elucidate bidirectional causality by two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsWe obtained summary‐level data for asthma and periodontitis from the massive GWAS databases of several publicly available. Meanwhile, it will ensure no confounders like smoking using the Phenoscanner website to have a search over each SNP. The F statistic value of each SNP is calculated as more significant than 10. This MR analysis mainly used five MR methods: MR‐Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode. As a result, we performed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests.ResultsWe have found supporting evidence to verify the hypothesis that asthma may be a protective factor for periodontitis (IVW OR = 0.34; 95% CI = [0.132,0.87]; p = 0.025). The consistent impact direction is shown when additional asthma GWAS dataset are used (MR‐Egger OR = 0.118; 95%CI = [0.016,0.883]; p = 0.04). There is no evidence of a causal effect of periodontitis at the risk of asthma in the reverse analysis (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur analysis found that people with asthma may have a lower risk of periodontitis than those without. This MR analysis could have significant implications for the clinical process and future research.
Efficacy and safety of salvianolate and enoxaparin in the prevention of perioperative deep venous thrombosis in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Wu Meng‐lin , Wang Xin‐ru , Zhang Wen‐da , Zhang Jing‐min , Lu Yao‐yao , Chai Yu‐na , Qin Chong‐zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, the efficacy and safety of salvianolate were compared with enoxaparin in the prevention of perioperative deep vein thrombosis in gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsFrom October 2017 to September 2019, 563 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery were collected. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 119 patients were divided into two groups: enoxaparin group (n = 65) and salvianolate group (n = 54). Comparisons were made regarding the outcomes: prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D‐dimer level (D‐D), platelet count (PLT), hematokrit (HCT), and incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).ResultsThe main outcomes showed no significance between enoxaparin group and salvianolate group (p > .05). The incidence of DVT in salvianolate group was 1.85%, significantly lower than that in enoxaparin group (12.3%) (p < .05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups during treatment.ConclusionCompared with enoxaparin, salvianolate has an advantage in the prevention of perioperative thrombosis in gastrointestinal surgery with a lower incidence of DVT.
Awareness that cocaine can contain fentanyl among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City, 2018–2022
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeople who attend nightclubs and dance festivals—particularly those that feature electronic dance music (EDM), are at high risk for use of cocaine and other party drugs. Given that cocaine is now sometimes adulterated with fentanyl, this study examines trends in people's knowledge about such risk of adulteration to inform prevention and harm reduction efforts. Adults were surveyed entering randomly selected EDM events (including dance festivals) in New York City in 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022 (n = 2107). They were asked whether they agree that some dealers sell cocaine containing fentanyl, and trends in agreement were estimated. Prevalence of agreement that cocaine can be adulterated increased from 42.1% (95% CI: 36.8–47.6) in 2018 to 65.6% (95% CI: 54.1–75.4) in 2022—a 55.8% increase (p < .001). Between 2018 and 2022, particular increases occurred among those not reporting past‐year cocaine use (by 61.6%, p < .001), among White individuals (by 68.1%, p < .001), those with some college (by 68.5%, p = .021), and those age ≥26 (by 83.8%, p = .001). Awareness that cocaine can contain fentanyl is increasing in this high‐risk population. Continued education is needed for high‐risk populations regarding both opioid overdose response and test strips that can test drugs for the presence of fentanyl.
Comparative transcriptomic and metabolite profiling reveals genotype‐specific responses to Fe starvation in chickpea
Authors: Singh Gourav , Ambreen Heena , Jain Priyanka , Chakraborty Anirban , Singh Baljinder , Manivannan Abinaya , Bhatia Sabhyata 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIron deficiency is a major nutritional stress that severely impacts crop productivity worldwide. However, molecular intricacies and subsequent physiological and metabolic changes in response to Fe starvation, especially in leguminous crops like chickpea, remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic reprogramming in two chickpea genotypes (H6013 and L4958) with contrasting seed iron concentrations upon Fe deficiency. Our findings revealed that iron starvation affected growth and physiological parameters of both chickpea genotypes. Comparative transcriptome analysis led to the identification of differentially expressed genes between the genotypes related to strategy I uptake, metal ions transporters, reactive oxygen species‐associated genes, transcription factors, and protein kinases that could mitigate Fe deficiency. Our gene correlation network discovered several putative candidate genes like CIPK25, CKX3, WRKY50, NAC29, MYB4, and PAP18, which could facilitate the investigation of the molecular rationale underlying Fe tolerance in chickpea. Furthermore, the metabolite analysis also illustrated the differential accumulation of organic acids, amino acids and other metabolites associated with Fe mobilization in chickpea genotypes. Overall, our study demonstrated the comparative transcriptional dynamics upon Fe starvation. The outcomes of the current endeavor will enable the development of Fe deficiency tolerant chickpea cultivars.
Communication‐related experiences of individuals in the early phase of semantic dementia and their families: an interview study
Authors: Shiba Tamami , Yamakawa Miyae , Endo Yoshimi , Komori Kenjiro , Umezaki Kaori , Takeya Yasushi , Shigenobu Kazue , Tanimukai Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSemantic dementia (SD), a subtype of frontotemporal dementia, manifests as verbal symptoms, including social and behavioural deficits, associated with focal atrophy of the frontotemporal lobes. This study aimed to clarify the experiences of individuals with early‐onset SD receiving speech and language rehabilitation (hereafter referred to as ‘rehabilitation’), with the intent of making it routine, as well as the experiences of their families.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with nine families with members who had adopted rehabilitation. Verbatim transcripts were used as data, and analyzed inductively according to the content analysis process.ResultsThe family members realised the changes in the personality and behaviour of the individual with SD early, to the extent that they thought the individual with SD was different from before and were distressed by the loss of verbal communication. Nevertheless, the family members found a way to communicate by maintaining residual functions through rehabilitation and utilising their unique relationship with the individual with SD.ConclusionsIt is important to carefully explain the characteristics of the disease and the long‐term significance of rehabilitation to individuals with SD and their families in the early stages of the disease.
Change in gait speed and adverse outcomes in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nolan Claire M. , Schofield Susie J. , Maddocks Matthew , Patel Suhani , Barker Ruth E. , Walsh Jessica A. , Polgar Oliver , George Peter M. , Molyneaux Philip L. , Maher Toby M. , Cullinan Paul , Man William D.‐C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveGait speed is associated with survival in individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The extent to which four‐metre gait speed (4MGS) decline predicts adverse outcome in IPF remains unclear. We aimed to examine longitudinal 4MGS change and identify a cut‐point associated with adverse outcome.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, we recruited 132 individuals newly diagnosed with IPF and measured 4MGS change over 6 months. Death/first hospitalization at 6 months were composite outcome events. Complete data (paired 4MGS plus index event) were available in 85 participants; missing 4MGS data were addressed using multiple imputation. Receiver‐Operating Curve plots identified a 4MGS change cut‐point. Cox proportional‐hazard regression assessed the relationship between 4MGS change and time to event.Results4MGS declined over 6 months (mean [95% CI] change: −0.05 [−0.09 to −0.01] m/s; p = 0.02). A decline of 0.07 m/s or more in 4MGS over 6 months had better discrimination for the index event than change in 6‐minute walk distance, forced vital capacity, Composite Physiologic Index or Gender Age Physiology index. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated a significant difference in time to event between 4MGS groups (substantial decline: >−0.07 m/s versus minor decline/improvers: ≤−0.07 m/s; p = 0.007). Those with substantial decline had an increased risk of hospitalization/death (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI] 4.61 [1.23–15.83]). Similar results were observed in multiple imputation analysis.ConclusionIn newly diagnosed IPF, a substantial 4MGS decline over 6 months is associated with shorter time to hospitalization/death at 6 months. 4MGS change has potential as a surrogate endpoint for interventions aimed at modifying hospitalization/death.