bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’ and teachers’ responses to use of a digital self-assessment tool to understand and identify development of twenty-first century skills when working with makerspace activities
Authors: Walan Susanne , Brink Helen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this qualitative study, we investigated how students and teachers responded to the design of a digital self-assessment tool and how they experienced the use of the tool to support understanding and development of twenty-first century skills when working with makerspace activities. There were 65 lower secondary school students and four teachers participating in the study. We used individual interviews with the teachers and group interviews with the students. Data were analysed with thematic coding of transcripts from interviews. The results showed that the participants found that the tool needed technical improvements, but that they gained some insights into the meaning of the included twenty-first century skills (collaboration, creativity, problem-solving, life/social skills and communication). However, it was particularly difficult for students to understand the meaning of life/social skills and how this connected to makerspace activities. Still, both students and teachers argued that it is possible to develop twenty-first century skills during makerspace activities. Teachers also found connections between the skills and learning objectives in the school subject technology, but also in other subjects. We were unsure of how used students were to self-assessment and we believe that teachers’ role is essential, even when it comes to supporting students in self-assessment. Finally, both students and teachers argued that twenty-first century skills are of importance for the future and the project served as an eye-opener in this aspect.
From uniform to bespoke prices: Hotel pricing during EURO 2016
Authors: Nicolini Marcella , Piga Claudio A. , Pozzi Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing novel data on the pricing for hotel rooms in Paris during the summer of the 2016 European Football Cup, we document the co-existence of uniform and bespoke pricing within the same industry and even within the same firm. Although stay dates have heterogenous potential demand, hotels initially price them uniformly. However, as time goes by, they progressively set customized prices. We show that standard revenue management techniques can explain the shift and find evidence that the inability to form expectations about future demand was a determinant of the initial choice of uniform prices. Finally, we find that firm characteristics have a role in shaping the transition.
Examining Changes in Abortion Attitudes Following the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Clarke Eden V. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe recent reversal of Roe v. Wade in the United States demonstrates both the precarity of reproductive rights and the need to identify the correlates of abortion support. Surprisingly, little is known about how the transition to parenthood impacts attitudes toward abortion. We address this oversight by utilising nine annual waves (2011–2019) of longitudinal panel data to examine rates of change in support for elective and traumatic abortion in the year(s) before and after participants became parents (N = 1,266). Consistent with population trends, support for elective and traumatic abortion increased in the year(s) before participants became parents. After the transition to parenthood, support for elective abortion continued to increase (albeit at a slower rate), whereas traumatic abortion support stopped increasing. These results demonstrate that the process of becoming a parent attenuates the growth of abortion support over time and highlight the need for robust policies that protect reproductive autonomy.
euMMD: efficiently computing the MMD two-sample test statistic for univariate data
Authors: Bodenham Dean A. , Kawahara Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) test is a nonparametric kernelised two-sample test that, when using a characteristic kernel, can detect any distributional change between two samples. However, when the total number of $$d$$
d
-dimensional observations is $$n$$
n
, direct computation of the test statistic is $$\mathcal {O}(dn^2 )$$

O
(
d

n
2

)

. While approximations with lower computational complexity are known, more efficient methods for computing the exact test statistic are unknown. This paper provides an exact method for computing the MMD test statistic for the univariate case in $$\mathcal {O}(n\log n)$$

O
(
n
log
n
)

using the Laplacian kernel. Furthermore, this exact method is extended to an approximate method for $$d$$
d
-dimensional real-valued data also with complexity log-linear in the number of observations. Experiments show that this approximate method can have good statistical performance when compared to the exact test, particularly in cases where $$d> n$$

d
>
n

.
Using citizen science data to investigate annual survival rates of resident birds in relation to noise and light pollution
Authors: Pharr Lauren D. , Cooper Caren B. , Evans Brian , Moorman Christopher E. , Voss Margaret A. , Vukomanovic Jelena , Marra Peter P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExponential increases in anthropogenic noise and light pollution have accompanied growth of the built environment. Noise and light cause negative consequences for birds, such as disrupted navigation during migration, mortality from collisions with windows and other infrastructure, and reduced reproductive success, as well as some positive consequences, such as expanded night niches for behaviors associated with feeding, territoriality, and mating. Relatively less is known about noise and light effects on annual survival of non-migratory birds, so we conducted an exploratory study to examine variation in adult survival rates of seven avian species in relation to noise and light pollution. We used 20 years of band-resight data collected as a part of the Neighborhood Nestwatch Program (NN), a citizen science project run by the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center, at 242 sites in greater Washington, D.C. USA. We estimated apparent survival and documented species-specific relationships with light and noise. Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) and House Wren (Thryothorus aedon) survival decreased and American Robin (Turdus migratorius) survival increased with greater amounts of anthropogenic light. Anthropogenic noise had no relationship with apparent survival for any of the seven species. Life-history trade-offs between survival and reproduction may account for differences in species-specific effects of light pollution. Future research should examine the availability of other fine scale environmental conditions, such as tree canopy cover, that might buffer avian exposure to noise and light pollution.
Characterisation of a low methane emission rice cultivar suitable for cultivation in high latitude light and temperature conditions
Authors: Hu Jia , Bettembourg Mathilde , Moreno Silvana , Zhang Ai , Schnürer Anna , Sun Chuanxin , Sundström Jens , Jin Yunkai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRice cultivation on paddy soil is commonly associated with emissions of methane, a greenhouse gas, but rice varieties may differ in their actual level of emissions. This study analysed methane emissions associated with 22 distinct rice genotypes, using gas chromatography, and identified the cultivar Heijing 5 from northern China as a potential low-methane rice variety. To confirm this and to examine whether Heijing 5 can perform similarly at higher latitudes, Heijing 5 was cultivated in field trials in China (lat. 32° N) and Sweden (lat. 59° N) where (i) methane emissions were measured, (ii) methanogen abundance in the rhizosphere was determined using quantitative PCR, and (iii) the concentrations of nutrients in water and of heavy metals in rice grain and paddy soil were analysed. The results demonstrated that the low-methane rice cultivar Heijing 5 can successfully complete an entire growth period at high-latitude locations such as central Sweden. Massively parallel sequencing of mRNAs identified candidate genes involved in day length and cold acclimatisation. Cultivation of Heijing 5 in central Sweden was also associated with relatively low heavy metal accumulation in rice grains and lowered nutrient losses to neighbouring water bodies.
Stellate Ganglion Block and Intraarterial Spasmolysis in Patients with Cerebral Vasospasm: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wendel Christopher , Oberhauser Cornelia , Schiff Jan , Henkes Hans , Ganslandt Oliver 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In patients with symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (CV) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who do not respond to medical therapy, urgent treatment escalation has been suggested to be beneficial for brain tissue at risk. In our routine clinical care setting, we implemented stellate ganglion block (SGB) as a rescue therapy with subsequent escalation to intraarterial spasmolysis (IAS) with milrinone for refractory CV.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis from 2012 to 2021, patients with CV following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who received an SGB or IAS were identified. Patients were assessed through neurological examination and transcranial Doppler. Rescue therapy was performed in patients with mean cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) ≥ 120 cm/s and persistent neurological deterioration/intubation under induced hypertension. Patients were reassessed after therapy and the following day. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was assessed at discharge and 6-month follow-up.

Results
A total of 82 patients (mean age 50.16 years) with 184 areas treated with SGB and/or IAS met the inclusion criteria; 109 nonaffected areas were extracted as controls. The mean CBFV decrease in the middle cerebral artery on the following day was − 30.1 (± 45.2) cm/s with SGB and − 31.5 (± 45.2) cm/s with IAS. Mixed linear regression proved the significance of the treatment categories; other fixed effects (sex, age, aneurysm treatment modality [clipping or coiling], World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score, and Fisher score) were insignificant. In logistic regression, the presence of cerebral infarction on imaging before discharge from the intensive care unit (34/82) was significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≤ 3) at follow-up.

Conclusions
Stellate ganglion block and IAS decreased CBFV the following 24 h in patients with CV. We suggest SGB alone for patients with mild symptomatic CV (CBFV < 180 cm/s), while subsequent escalation to IAS proved to be beneficial in patients with refractory CV and severe CBFV elevation (CBFV ≥ 180 cm/s).
Outcomes After Decompressive Surgery for Severe Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated or Not Associated with Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Pelz Johann Otto , Kenda Martin , Alonso Angelika , Etminan Nima , Wittstock Matthias , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Lambeck Johann , Güresir Erdem , Wach Johannes , Lampmannn Tim , Dziewas Rainer , Wiedmann Markus , Schneider Hauke , Bayas Antonios , Christ Monika , Mengel Annerose , Poli Sven , Brämer Dirk , Lindner Dirk , Pfrepper Christian , Roth Christian , Salih Farid , Günther Albrecht , Michalski Dominik ,   for the IGNITE Study Group
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Clinical observations indicated that vaccine-induced immune thrombosis with thrombocytopenia (VITT)-associated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) often has a space-occupying effect and thus necessitates decompressive surgery (DS). While comparing with non-VITT CVST, this study explored whether VITT-associated CVST exhibits a more fulminant clinical course, different perioperative and intensive care unit management, and worse long-term outcome.

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study collected patient data from 12 tertiary centers to address priorly formulated hypotheses concerning the clinical course, the perioperative management with related complications, extracerebral complications, and the functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale) in patients with VITT-associated and non-VITT CVST, both with DS.

Results
Both groups, each with 16 patients, were balanced regarding demographics, kind of clinical symptoms, and radiological findings at hospital admission. Severity of neurological symptoms, assessed with the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, was similar between groups at admission and before surgery, whereas more patients with VITT-associated CVST showed a relevant midline shift (≥ 4 mm) before surgery (100% vs. 68.8%, p = 0.043). Patients with VITT-associated CVST tended to undergo DS early, i.e., ≤ 24 h after hospital admission (p = 0.077). Patients with VITT-associated CVST more frequently received platelet transfusion, tranexamic acid, and fibrinogen perioperatively. The postoperative management was comparable, and complications were evenly distributed. More patients with VITT-associated CVST achieved a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 3) at 3 months (p = 0.043).

Conclusions
Although the prediction of individual courses remains challenging, DS should be considered early in VITT-associated CVST because an overall favorable outcome appears achievable in these patients.
Fit for Service: Preparing Residents for Neurointensive Care with Entrustable Professional Activities: A Delphi Study
Authors: Schmidbauer Moritz L. , Pinilla Severin , Kunst Stefan , Biesalski Anne-Sophie , Bösel Julian , Niesen Wolf-Dirk , Schramm Patrick , Wartenberg Katja , Dimitriadis Konstantinos ,   the IGNITE study group
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Although the relevance of neurointensive medicine and high-quality training of corresponding physicians is increasingly recognized, there is high heterogeneity in the nature, duration, and quality of neurointensive care curricula around the world. Thus, we aimed to identify, define, and establish validity evidence for entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for postgraduate training in neurointensive care to determine trainees’ readiness for being on-call.

Methods
After defining EPAs through an iterative process by an expert group, we used a modified Delphi approach with a single-center development process followed by a national consensus and a single-center validation step. EPAs were evaluated by using the EQual rubric (Queen’s EPA Quality Rubric). Interrater reliability was measured with Krippendorff’s α.

Results
The expert group defined seven preliminary EPAs for neurointensive care. In two consecutive Delphi rounds, EPAs were adapted, and consensus was reached for level of entrustment and time of expiration. Ultimately, EPAs reached a high EQual score of 4.5 of 5 and above. Interrater reliability for the EQual scoring was 0.8.

Conclusions
Using a multistep Delphi process, we defined and established validity evidence for seven EPAs for neurointensive medicine with a high degree of consensus to objectively describe readiness for on-call duty in neurointensive care. This operationalization of pivotal clinical tasks may help to better train clinical residents in neurointensive care across sites and health care systems and has the potential to serve as a blueprint for training in general intensive care medicine. It also represents a starting point for further research and development of medical curricula.
Postnatal Depression and Homelessness in Women Living in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kelly Laura , Martin-Kerry Jackie , Prady Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPostnatal depression (PND) is estimated to affect approximately 17% of mothers, and if left untreated can have negative health consequences, not only for the mother but for the family unit. Homelessness is a multifaceted concept which also has negative health consequences and is often termed a stressful life event. Exploring the literature which links these two factors may promote the implementation of policies which work to address both these health issues. The aim of this scoping review was to determine the breadth and nature of the literature investigating the quantitative relationship between PND and homelessness in women living in high-income countries. Comprehensive searches were performed in June 2020 in MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Embase, Social Policy and Practice and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts. Grey literature was also searched, including unpublished studies, dissertations, conference proceedings and reports by the UK charities. Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria. There are few well-controlled longitudinal studies and a high level of variability between studies in terms of the definitions used for homelessness and in the screening tools to detect PND symptoms. Future research would benefit from undertaking waves of prospective data collection, using a well-defined concept of homelessness and implementing validated tools for measuring PND.
Experimental evidence shows that ulterior motive attribution drives counter-punishment
Authors: Muñoz-Herrera Manuel , Nikiforakis Nikos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEvidence shows that the willingness of individuals to avenge punishment inflicted upon them for transgressions they committed constitutes a significant obstacle toward upholding social norms and cooperation. The drivers of this behavior, however, are not well understood. We hypothesize that ulterior motive attribution—the tendency to assign ulterior motives to punishers for their actions—increases the likelihood of counter-punishment. We exogenously manipulate the ability to attribute ulterior motives to punishers by having the punisher be either an unaffected third party or a second party who, as the victim of a transgression, may be driven to punish by a desire to take revenge. We show that survey respondents consider second-party punishment to be substantially more likely to be driven by ulterior motives than an identical, payoff-equalizing punishment meted out by a third party. In line with our hypothesis, we find that second-party punishment is 66.3% more likely to trigger counter-punishment than third-party punishment in a lab experiment. The loss in earnings due to counter-punishment is 64.6% higher for second-party punishers than third-party punishers, all else equal.
Stress measurements in the weak layer during snow stability tests
Authors: Griesser Silke , Pielmeier Christine , Boutera Toft Håvard , Reiweger Ingrid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The snow compression test is a snow stability test where an isolated column of snow is progressively loaded by tapping on it to induce failure in a possible weak layer. The test result provides valuable information about the propensity of failure initiation within the snowpack. However, different persons might tap with different force and thus reduce the reproducibility of the test results. The aim of this work was to quantify the influence of different test persons and different snowpacks on snow compression test results. We therefore let 62 persons tap on a stress measurement plate during a workshop of the European Avalanche Warning Services. Moreover, in the field, we performed stress measurements during 116 snow compression tests with 13 persons at eight different locations in the Alps. Data on persons’ body features and snow properties were also collected. Our results show that the stresses that reach a weak snow layer due to tapping are influenced by both the snowpack as well as different persons. Still, the data's scattering is surprisingly small for lower loading steps and decreases with depth. Therefore, we can deduce that, especially when avalanche conditions are particularly dangerous, snow compression test results are quite reproducible.
Complex multiplication and Noether–Lefschetz loci of the twistor space of a K3 surface
Authors: VIGANÒ FRANCESCO 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor an algebraic K3 surface with complex multiplication (CM), algebraic fibres of the associated twistor space away from the equator are again of CM type. In this paper, we show that algebraic fibres corresponding to points at the same altitude of the twistor base
${S^2} \simeq \mathbb{P}_\mathbb{C}^1$
share the same CM endomorphism field. Moreover, we determine all the admissible Picard numbers of the twistor fibres.
Artisans’ chase for urban space. Clusters of construction entrepreneurs in Brussels, c. 1830–1930
Authors: Degraeve Matthijs , Deneweth Heidi , Van de Voorde Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn contrast to the well-studied shopkeepers, little empirical evidence exists on the locational patterns of artisans in transforming urban spaces. By GIS mapping a dataset on Brussels construction entrepreneurs (c. 1830–1930), long-term changes in their patterns of spatial clustering and dispersal become clear, showing which urban areas provided advantageous conditions for artisans to thrive, but also how and when these conditions subsided. While confirming earlier observations of a broad scattering of artisans throughout the city, the analysis also shows how remarkable clusters emerged in cheap, densely built, both central and suburban neighbourhoods. The importance of clustering decreased over time, however. Confronting locational patterns with their potential underlying causes shows that planning policies for the renewal of urban infrastructure and the resulting dynamics on the real estate market acted as the first drivers of urban de-industrialization, affecting the displacement of artisans from inner cities since at least the late nineteenth century.
Seeing the Disturbed Forest for the Trees: Remote Sensing Is Underutilized to Quantify Critical Zone Response to Unprecedented Disturbance
Authors: Hwang Kyotaek , Harpold Adrian A. , Tague Christina L. , Lowman Lauren , Boisramé Gabrielle F. S. , Lininger Katherine B. , Sullivan Pamela L. , Manning Aidan , Graup Louis , Litvak Marcy , Lewis Gabriel , Miller Kate , Brooks Paul D. , Barnard Holly R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the severity and extent of near surface critical zone (CZ) disturbances and their ecosystem response is a pressing concern in the face of increasing human and natural disturbances. Predicting disturbance severity and recovery in a changing climate requires comprehensive understanding of ecosystem feedbacks among vegetation and the surrounding environment, including climate, hydrology, geomorphology, and biogeochemistry. Field surveys and satellite remote sensing have limited ability to effectively capture the spatial and temporal variability of disturbance and CZ properties. Technological advances in remote sensing using new sensors and new platforms have improved observations of changes in vegetation canopy structure and productivity; however, integrating measures of forest disturbance from various sensing platforms is complex. By connecting the potential for remote sensing technologies to observe different CZ disturbance vectors, we show that lower severity disturbance and slower vegetation recovery are more difficult to quantify. Case studies in montane forests from the western United States highlight new opportunities, including evaluating post‐disturbance forest recovery at multiple scales, shedding light on understory vegetation regrowth, detecting specific physiological responses, and refining ecohydrological modeling. Learning from regional CZ disturbance case studies, we propose future directions to synthesize fragmented findings with (a) new data analysis using new or existing sensors, (b) data fusion across multiple sensors and platforms, (c) increasing the value of ground‐based observations, (d) disturbance modeling, and (e) synthesis to improve understanding of disturbance.