bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of the ancient proteome of archeological teeth using mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Dekker Joannes , Larson Tony , Tzvetkov Jordan , Harvey Virginia L. , Dowle Adam , Hagan Richard , Genever Paul , Schrader Sarah , Soressi Marie , Hendy Jessica 
Published: February 2023

RationaleProteins extracted from archaeological bone and teeth are utilised for investigating the phylogeny of extinct and extant species, the biological sex and age of past individuals, as well as ancient health and physiology. However, variable preservation of proteins in archaeological materials represents a major challenge.MethodsTo better understand the spatial distribution of ancient proteins preserved within teeth, we applied matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) for the first time to bioarchaeological samples to visualise the intensity of proteins in archaeological teeth thin sections. We specifically explored the spatial distribution of four proteins (collagen type I, of which the chains alpha‐1 and alpha‐2, alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein, haemoglobin subunit alpha and myosin light polypeptide 6).ResultsWe successfully identified ancient proteins in archaeological teeth thin sections using mass spectrometry imaging. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD038114. However, we observed that peptides did not always follow our hypotheses for their spatial distribution, with distinct differences observed in the spatial distribution of several proteins, and occasionally between peptides of the same protein.ConclusionsWhile it remains unclear what causes these differences in protein intensity distribution within teeth, as revealed by MALDI‐MSI in this study, we have demonstrated that MALDI‐MSI can be successfully applied to mineralised bioarchaeological tissues to detect ancient peptides. In future applications, this technique could be particularly fruitful not just for understanding the preservation of proteins in a range of archaeological materials, but making informed decisions on sampling strategies and the targeting of key proteins of archaeological and biological interest.
Using a variety of machine learning approaches to predict and map topsoil pH of arable land on a regional scale
Authors: Sun Yueqi , Sun Xiaomei , Wu Zhenfu , Yan Junying , Ma Chongyang , Zhang Jingyi , Zhao Yanfeng , Chen Jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to accurately predict soil properties, various machine learning (ML) approaches and hybrid models constructed by integrating ML into regression kriging framework were used to predict and map arable land topsoil pH in Henan province, central China. Random forest (RF), cubist (Cu), support vector machine, artificial neural network, multiple linear regression, classification and regression trees (CART) and their hybrid models were compared for pH accuracy prediction. Among all standalone ML models, RF had the best predictive performance, in terms of the metrics employed in this study, followed by Cu, and CART was the worst. Compared with their ML counterparts, hybrid models could improve the accuracy of topsoil pH prediction to various extents. The accuracy improvement of the hybrid models constructed based on the simple ML was much greater than that based on the complex ensemble ML. Except for artificial neural network kriging , there was no significant difference between different hybrid models in the predicted results of topsoil pH. The outputs from the best predictive models showed that weak acidic soils and weak alkaline soils were the dominant arable soils in the study region, accounting for more than 30% and more than 50% of the total arable land area respectively, the topsoil pH of arable land in the north of the study area is generally higher than that in the south. Boruta variable selection revealed that altitude, climatic covariates closely related to soil moisture availability and some soil properties were the most critical factors affecting and controlling the topsoil pH of arable land.
Insights into the Electrochemical Behavior of Manganese Oxides as Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions: Monometallic Core‐Shell Mn/Mn3O4
Authors: Pei Yu , Wilkinson David P. , Gyenge Előd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOvercoming the sluggish electrode kinetics of both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) with non‐precious metal electrocatalysts will accelerate the development of rechargeable metal‐air batteries and regenerative fuel cells. The authors investigated the electrochemical behavior and ORR/OER catalytic activity of core‐porous shell Mn/Mn3O4 nanoparticles in comparison with other manganese dioxides (β‐ and γ‐MnO2), and benchmarked against Pt/C and Pt/C‐IrO2. Under reversible operation in O2‐saturated 5 M KOH at 22 °C, the early stage activity of core‐shell Mn/Mn3O4 shows two times higher ORR and OER current density compared to the other MnO2 structures at 0.32 and 1.62 V versus RHE, respectively. It is revealed that Mn(III) oxidation to Mn(IV) is the primary cause of Mn/Mn3O4 activity loss during ORR/OER potential cycling. To address it, an electrochemical activation method using Co(II) is proposed. By incorporating Co(II) into MnOx, new active sites are introduced and the content of Mn(II) is increased, which can stabilize the Mn(III) sites through comproportionation with Mn(IV). The Co‐incorporated Mn/Mn3O4 has superior activity and durability. Furthermore, it also surpassed the activity of Pt/C‐IrO2 with similar durability. This study demonstrates that cost‐effective ORR/OER catalysis is possible.
Breaking through Barriers: Ultrafast Microbullet Based on Cavitation Bubble
Authors: Feng Yiwen , Jia Deli , Yue Honger , Wang Jie , Song Wenping , Li Longqiu , Zhang A‐Man , Li Shuai , Chang Xiaocong , Zhou Dekai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicromotors hold great promise for extensive practical applications such as those in biomedical domains and reservoir exploration. However, insufficient propulsion of the micromotor limits its application in crossing biological barriers and breaking reservoir boundaries. In this study, an ultrafast microbullet based on laser cavitation that can utilize the energy of a cavitation bubble and realize its own hurtling motion is reported. The experiments are performed using high‐speed photography. A boundary integral method is adopted to reveal the motion mechanism of a polystyrene (PS)/magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) microbullet under the action of laser cavitation. Furthermore, the influence of certain factors (including laser intensity, microbullet size, and ambient temperature) on the motion of the microbullet was explored. For the PS/MNP microbullet driven by laser cavitation, the instantaneous velocity obtained can reach 5.23 m s−1. This strategy of driving the PS/MNP microbullet provides strong penetration ability and targeted motion. It is believed that the reported propulsion mechanism opens up new possibilities for micromotors in a wide range of engineering applications.
Low‐Temperature Resistant Stretchable Micro‐Supercapacitor Based on 3D Printed Octet‐Truss Design
Authors: Lin Congjian , Zhang Yuan‐Fang , Lu Dingjie , Silva Arlindo , Liu Zhuangjian , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, stretchable micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) that can be easily integrated into electronic devices have attracted research and industrial attentions. In this work, three‐dimensional (3D) stretchable MSCs with an octet‐truss electrode (OTE) design have been demonstrated by a rapid digital light processing (DLP) process. The 3D‐printed electrode structure is beneficial for electrode‐electrolyte interface formation and consequently increases the number of ions adsorbed on the electrode surface. The designed MSCs can achieve a high capacitance as ≈74.76 mF cm−3 under 1 mA cm−3 at room temperature even under a high mechanical deformation, and can achieve 19.53 mF cm−3 under 0.1 mA cm−3 at a low temperature (−30 °C). Moreover, finite element analysis (FEA) reveals the OTE structure provides 8 times more contact area per unit volume at the electrode‐electrolyte interface compared to the traditional interdigital electrode (IDE). This work combines structural design and 3D printing techniques, which provides new insights into highly stretchable MSCs for next‐generation electronic devices.
Boosting Activity and Selectivity of UiO‐66 through Acidity/Alkalinity Functionalization in Dimethyl Carbonate Catalysis
Authors: Wu Han‐Ying , Qin Ye‐Yan , Xiao Yi‐Hong , Chen Jian‐Shan , Ye Runping , Guo Rong , Yao Yuan‐Gen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe acid–base properties of supports have an enormous impact on catalytic reactions to regulate the selectivity and activity of supported catalysts. Herein, a train of Pd‐X‐UiO‐66 (X = NO2, NH2, and CH3) catalysts with different acidity/alkalinity functional groups and encapsulated Pd(II) species is first developed, whose activities in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) catalysis are then investigated in details. Thereinto, the Pd‐NO2‐UiO‐66 catalyst with acidity functionalization exhibits the best catalytic behavior: the DMC selectivity stemmed from methyl nitrite (MN) is up to 68%, the conversion of CO is 73.4%. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that the NO2 group not only affected the interaction between X‐UiO‐66 and Pd(II) active sites but also play an indispensable role in the adsorption and activation of MN and CO, which remarkably promote the formation of the COOCH3* intermediate and DMC product.
Asymmetric Synthesis of a Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Center by Organocatalysis Using a Primary Amino Acid and Its Salt
Authors: Yoshida Masanori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this personal account, our recent developments on the asymmetric synthesis of a quaternary carbon stereogenic center by organocatalysis using a primary amino acid and its salt as a catalyst are described in three chapters: (1) conjugate addition to nitroalkenes and vinyl ketones, (2) nucleophilic addition to π‐allyl palladium complexes, and (3) nucleophilic substitution reactions with allyl and propargyl halides. By these methods, asymmetric α‐allylation of α‐branched aldehydes and ketones smoothly proceeded to give γ‐nitroaldehydes, ketoaldehydes, α‐allylated aldehydes, and α‐allylated β‐ketoesters possessing a quaternary carbon stereogenic center in good yields with high enantioselectivities.
Field evaluation of semi‐automated moisture estimation from geophysics using machine learning
Authors: Terry Neil , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Lane John W. , Johnson Carole D. , Werkema Dale 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGeophysical methods can provide three‐dimensional (3D), spatially continuous estimates of soil moisture. However, point‐to‐point comparisons of geophysical properties to measure soil moisture data are frequently unsatisfactory, resulting in geophysics being used for qualitative purposes only. This is because (1) geophysics requires models that relate geophysical signals to soil moisture, (2) geophysical methods have potential uncertainties resulting from smoothing and artifacts introduced from processing and inversion, and (3) results from multiple geophysical methods are not easily combined within a single soil moisture estimation framework. To investigate these potential limitations, an irrigation experiment was performed wherein soil moisture was monitored through time, and several surface geophysical datasets indirectly sensitive to soil moisture were collected before and after irrigation: ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM). Data were exported in both raw and processed form, and then snapped to a common 3D grid to facilitate moisture prediction by standard calibration techniques, multivariate regression, and machine learning. A combination of inverted ERT data, raw FDEM, and inverted FDEM data was most informative for predicting soil moisture using a random regression forest model (one‐thousand 60/40 training/test cross‐validation folds produced root mean squared errors ranging from 0.025–0.046 cm3/cm3). This cross‐validated model was further supported by a separate evaluation using a test set from a physically separate portion of the study area. Machine learning was conducive to a semi‐automated model‐selection process that could be used for other sites and datasets to locally improve accuracy.
A roadmap for required technological advancements to further reduce onshore wind turbine noise impact on the environment
Authors: Bertagnolio Franck , Herr Michaela , Madsen Kaj Dam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe noise emission of wind turbines and farms can be an important and limiting factor for future cost reductions and growth of wind energy. Closing scientific and technological gaps on wind turbine noise is thus directly supporting the further development of renewable energy while reducing adverse reactions toward wind farms. The present article is providing guidance on the most relevant research directions from an engineering perspective, namely: simulation methods, wind tunnel testing, and wind turbine design. Each topic is addressed separately and specific scientific challenges are identified. Future research directions that may improve our physical understanding of wind turbine noise, as well as facilitate the deployment of wind energy, are outlined. It is concluded that future scientific research on the topic of wind turbine noise should be conducted in a multidisciplinary context to maximize its impact. The suggested topics shall be seen as a collection of what is seen as the most relevant topics across research and product development but shall not be seen as exclusive or interlinked with specific development plans.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Wind Energy
Human and Social Dimensions > Social Acceptance
Mechanism of Dihydrogen Splitting by An Apparent Bimetallic Frustrated Lewis Pair based on Ir(III)/Pt(0)
Authors: Moreno Juan J. , Pita‐Milleiro Alejandra , Luque‐Gómez Ana , Espada María F. , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Campos Jesús 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of transition metals into frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) offers multiple opportunities for bond activation and catalysis. In this work, we explore the combination of the Lewis acidic Ir(III) cation [(η5‐C5Me5)IrCl(PMe2ArDipp2)]+ (ArDipp2=C6H3−2,6‐(C6H3−2,6‐iPr2)2) with the Lewis basic Pt(0) compound Pt(PtBu3)2. The bulkiness of the phosphine ligands prevents the formation of a bimetallic adduct. We have explored the cooperative cleavage of dihydrogen to gauge bimetallic FLP reactivity. As anticipated, compounds [(η5‐C5Me5)Ir(Cl)(H)(PMe2ArDipp2)] and [PtH(PtBu3)2]+ are rapidly formed, which suggests an actual FLP mechanism operating. However, our in‐depth experimental/computational study evidences that the whole process is considerably more complicated. Instead of a genuine FLP‐type activation, we favor a synergistic route that entails a number of equilibrium processes and the Brønsted catalyzed hydrogenation of the Pt(0) precursor.
Homotopic solution of the chemically reactive magnetohydrodynamic flow of a hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk with Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects
Authors: Rashid Amjid , Dawar Abdullah , Ayaz Muhammad , Islam Saeed , Galal Ahmed M. , Gul Humaira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDue to the synergetic effects of several types of nanomaterials, the primary goal of the hybrid nanofluid is to enhance the energy transport capabilities over a base fluid. Hybrid nanofluids have a wide range of applications in the industrial, technical, and medical industries, including solar heating systems, food processing, microchannel heat sinks (MCHS), and medicines. In this article, the researchers have investigated the water‐based hybrid nanofluid flow comprising silver and alumina nanoparticles past a spinning disk. The effect of Brownian motion, activation energy, magnetic field, and thermophoresis are taken into account. The PDEs are transformed into ODEs by means of suitable correspondence transformations. The modeled equations are solved by using a semi‐analytical method known as HAM. Graphical representations of the nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid profiles are used. The current findings are contrasted with those that have already been published and are confirmed to be remarkably comparable. The outcomes showed that the radial and tangential velocities of the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid reduced as the magnetic factor augmented. Nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid surface drag is increased by magnetic factor. Hybrid nanofluid exhibits higher growth due to the magnetic factor than nanofluids do. The heat transmission rates of nanofluids and hybrid nanoliquid have grown as a result of the thermophoresis factor and nanoparticle volume fractions. In comparison to nanofluids, the hybrid nanofluid also possesses a better thermal conductivity.
Electroweak resummation of neutralino dark-matter annihilation into high-energy photons
Authors: Beneke M. , Lederer S. , Peset C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider the resummation of large electroweak Sudakov logarithms for the annihilation of neutralino DM with (TeV) mass to high-energy photons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, extending previous work on the minimal wino and Higgsino models. We find that NLL resummation reduces the yield of photons by about 20% for Higgsino-dominated DM at masses around 1 TeV, and up to 45% for neutralinos with larger wino admixture at heavier masses near 3 TeV. This sizable effect is relevant when observations or exclusion limits are translated into MSSM parameter-space constraints.
Dynamical stability from quasi normal modes in 2nd, 1st and 0th order holographic superfluid phase transitions
Authors: Zhao Zi-Qiang , Zhang Xing-Kun , Nie Zhang-Yu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study a simple extension of the original Hartnoll, Herzog and Horowitz (HHH) holographic superfluid model with two nonlinear scalar self-interaction terms λ|ψ|4 and τ|ψ|6 in the probe limit. Depending on the value of λ and τ, this setup allows us to realize a large spectrum of holographic phase transitions which are 2nd, 1st and 0th order as well as the “cave of wind” phase transition. We speculate the landscape pictures and explore the near equilibrium dynamics of the lowest quasinormal modes (QNMs) across the whole phase diagram at both zero and finite wave-vector. We find that the zero wave-vector results of QNMs correctly present the stability of the system under homogeneous perturbations and perfectly agree with the landscape analysis of homogeneous configurations in canonical ensemble. The zero wave-vector results also show that a 0th order phase transition cannot occur since it always corresponds to a global instability of the whole system. The finite wave-vector results show that under inhomogeneous perturbations, the unstable region is larger than that under only homogeneous perturbations, and the new boundary of instability match with the turning point of condensate curve in grand canonical ensemble, indicating a new explanation from the subsystem point of view. The additional unstable section also perfectly match the section with negative value of charge susceptibility.
Large N superconformal indices for 3d holographic SCFTs
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Choi Sunjin , Hong Junho , Reys Valentin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study a limit of the superconformal index of the ABJM theory onS1×S2in which the size of the circle is much smaller than the radius of the two-sphere. We derive closed form expressions for the two leading terms in this Cardy-like limit which are valid to all orders in the 1/Nexpansion. These results are facilitated by a judicious rewriting of the superconformal index which establishes a connection with the Bethe Ansatz Equations that control the topologically twisted index. Using the same technique we extend these results to the superconformal index of another holographic theory: 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 SYM coupled to one adjoint andNffundamental hypermultiplets. We discuss the implications of our results for holography and the physics of charged rotating black holes in AdS4.
Generalization of Simson–Wallace theorem: planar and spatial formulation
Authors: Blažek Jiří , Pech Pavel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe paper studies a problem that represents a natural spatial generalization of the well-known Simson–Wallace theorem: Let four skew lines parallel to a fixed plane be given. Determine the locus of the pointPin space so that the reflections ofPin the given lines are coplanar. The result was very surprising for us — we get a cylinder of revolution. By orthogonal projection onto the given plane, the problem is reformulated as a planar one and subsequently solved synthetically. This solution turns out to have many properties in common with the classical Simson–Wallace theorem.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen in der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde
Authors: Hofauer Benedikt , Pförringer Dominik , Schöffski Oliver , Zhu Zhaojun , Offergeld Christian 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit Verabschiedung des „Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes“ durch den Deutschen Bundestag Ende 2019 wurde unter anderem ermöglicht, dass digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen von den gesetzlichen Krankenkassen erstattet werden können. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Identifikation von DiGA mit Bezug zur HNO-Heilkunde und die Beschreibung der zugrunde liegenden Evidenz.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Analyse des DiGA-Verzeichnisses nach DiGA, deren Indikationsbereich eine Erkrankung aus dem HNO-Bereich betrifft. Es wurden DiGA eingeschlossen, die entweder dauerhaft oder vorläufig aufgenommen wurden oder aktuell gestrichen sind, wenn hierzu weitere Informationen vorlagen. Es erfolgte eine Bewertung der zugrunde liegenden Evidenz nach den Empfehlungen des Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine für therapeutische Studien.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden sechs DiGA mit direktem oder indirektem Bezug zur HNO-Heilkunde identifiziert, von denen drei dauerhaft und zwei vorläufig in das Verzeichnis aufgenommen wurden. Eine DiGA ist aktuell vom Hersteller zurückgezogen worden. Den dauerhaft aufgenommenen DiGA liegt eine Evidenz Grad 1b zugrunde.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Einführung von DiGA wird teilweise auch kritisch diskutiert, dennoch stellt ihre Einführung einen innovativen Ansatz dar, und gerade für den HNO-Bereich sind bereits verschiedene DiGA mit hoher zugrunde liegender Evidenz verfügbar.