bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice and Barriers Related to the Involvement of Medical and Nursing Students in Medical Research
Authors: Abiodun Ifeoluwa Silvanus , Adedibu Esther , Toukam Meyof Sabeth Mbiih , Anthony Precious , Akpanobong Mary-Amadeus , Johnson Rita , Ayinde Bolaji Olubusayo , Agberien Vanessa Orhe-Oghene , Monday Esther Olufunke 
Published: February 2023

Background: Adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward research are essential components of medical education, however, undergraduate involvement in research has been on the decline due to time constraints, heavy curriculum, and poor exposure to research methodology. This study aims to evaluate this.
Methodology: A total of 70 students from All Saints University Dominica participated; 72.9% (n=51) were females while 27.1% (n=19) were males. It was also observed that 37.7% (n=26) of the study population had already commenced clinical rotations with 20.0% (n=14) being in the basic science (MD) class, 8.6% (n=06) from the nursing department and only 2.9% (n=02) of the residents were from the Pre-Med class. This study involved the use of a self-designed, structured questionnaire that was electronically distributed to students. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: It was revealed that 67.1% (n=47) of the study population demonstrated good knowledge of research, with 92.9% having a positive attitude pattern toward research. 71.4% believe that research will help them in understanding subjects better; 64.3% believe that research will help their clinical practice later while 34.8% believe that it is an extra burden to do research and 30.0% share the belief that research is time-consuming and disturbs/distracts from studies. Few of the findings include a positive association between gender and previous research participation (p=0.019), gender and lack of motivation from fellow students (p=0.021), gender and lack of proper mentorship/guidance by faculty (p=0.019), gender and difficulty obtaining approval from research committee (p=0.036).
Conclusion: The study shows that the student’s knowledge of research was only above average and students’ positive attitudes do not translate into actual knowledge and practice of medical research. Barriers to research included lack of time, lack of access to resources, and lack of mentoring and motivation by faculty. Medical students could benefit from proper integration of research into curricular and extracurricular activities with proper mentoring from faculty.
Applied Digital Documentation with Parametric 3D Modeling and Internet of Trees Functionality for Smart Forests and Monument Landscapes
Authors: Varveris Dimitrios 
Published: February 2023

The Problem: The classic traditional digital documentation (i.e. study, design, development, and maintenance of forests, parks, and monument landscapes) shows significant problems of functionality, adaptability, sustainability, velocity, and viability.
Target & Research Objectives: In the framework of forests, parks, and monument landscapes, the massive volumes of Big Data (greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes, and with more velocity) can be used to address documentation problems that wouldn’t have been able to tackle before. Smart forest, as an Internet- enabled “product”, requires Big Data because it operates in real-time and requires real-time evaluation and action. Also, the recent research and practice advances in Blockchain data structures and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) support generic structures with many services (e.g. parametric functionality). Hence, a DLT smart digital documentation can address the documentation problems.
The research objectives, for digital documentation with blockchain functionality (DLT smart documentation), are defined by grouping in user-friendly palettes generic 3D CAD modeling tools which could be parameterized (e.g. trees modeling) in order to support adaptability; and by designing a new flexible and customized GUI (Graphical User Interface).
Methods: The proposed methodology is based on parameterized 3D modeling of trees usually found in forests and urban parks (width and height parameters). Also, a personalized GUI operates as an interface between the end-user and the parameterized CAD (GUI palettes with many 3D modeling tools). Hence, in this paper, a parameterized 3D design is examined, analyzed, and presented in the context of digital documentation with internet of trees functionality for smart forests, urban parks, monument landscapes, and cultural heritage.
Results: From the research conducted the results are: (i) a personalized, innovative, and flexible graphical interface (GUI) that could be incorporated in any commercial CAD environment; (ii) many parameterized 3D design tools specialized in the development of forms, plans, and modules (e.g., parametric tree 3D models) of objects and entities found in forests, urban parks, and monument landscapes; and (iii) the introduced internet of trees operativity (software routine), ideal for smart forests, smart monument landscapes, and landscape architecture digital documentation applications with blockchain functionality.
Application: Possibility to support foresters, engineers, and landscape architects in development studies and documentation of peri-urban forests, recreational parks, pocket parks, monument landscapes, and cultural heritage projects. Increased integration functionality in blockchain knowledge databases.
The starting and continuation factors of smartphone use while walking from a station's ticket gate
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Endo Ryohei , Iwata Shinichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study clarifies the tendency of train users to use smartphones while walking from the station ticket gate. Pedestrians who have a smartphone in their hand at the ticket gate and have to wait for more than 40 s at the stoplight tend to use their smartphones. The presence of other pedestrians in close proximity encourages continuing use but does not encourage starting use. Smartphone usage occurs frequently at places that are within 200 m of a stay place because smartphone users cannot stop using the smartphone immediately after they leave a stay place and they can use other pedestrians as walking guides.
Mitigating Surface Deficiencies of Perovskite Single Crystals Enables Efficient Solar Cells with Enhanced Moisture and Reverse‐Bias Stability
Authors: Guo Xinbo , Li Ning , Xu Yushu , Zhao Jianfu , Cui Fucai , Chen Yimu , Du Xiaoyan , Song Qinghai , Zhang Guodong , Cheng Xiao , Tao Xutang , Chen Zhaolai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite single crystals are promising for diverse optoelectronic applications due to their outstanding properties. In comparison to the bulk, the crystal surface suffers from high defect density and is moisture sensitive; however, surface modification strategies of perovskite single crystals are relatively deficient. Herein, solar cells based on methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) thin single crystals are selected as a prototype to improve single‐crystal perovskite devices by surface modification. The surface trap passivation and protection against moisture of MAPbI3 thin single crystals are achieved by one bifunctional molecule 3‐mercaptopropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane (MDMS). The sulfur atom of MDMS can coordinate with bare Pb2+ of MAPbI3 single crystals to reduce surface defect density and nonradiative recombination. As a result, the modified devices show a remarkable efficiency of 22.2%, which is the highest value for single‐crystal MAPbI3 solar cells. Moreover, MDMS modification mitigates surface ion migration, leading to enhanced reverse‐bias stability. Finally, the cross‐link of silane molecules forms a protective layer on the crystal surface, which results in enhanced moisture stability of both materials and devices. This work provides an effective way for surface modification of perovskite single crystals, which is important for improving the performance of single‐crystal perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, X‐ray detectors, etc.
Hydrated Bi‐Ti‐Bimetal Ethylene Glycol: A New High‐Capacity and Stable Anode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Ziquan , Wen Jinquan , Cai Yuqing , Lv Fengting , Zeng Xu , Liu Qian , Masese Titus , Zhang Chuanxiang , Yang Xusheng , Ma Yanwen , Zhang Haijiao , Huang Zhen‐Dong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries have emerged not only as low‐cost alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries, but also as high‐voltage energy storage systems. However, their development is still encumbered by the scarcity of high‐performance electrode materials that can endure successive potassium‐ion uptake. Herein, a hydrated Bi‐Ti bimetallic ethylene glycol (H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG) compound is reported as a new high‐capacity and stable anode material for potassium storage. H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG possesses a long‐range disordered layered framework, which helps to facilitate electrolyte ingress into the entire Bi nanoparticles. A suite of spectroscopic analyses reveals the in situ formation Bi nanoparticles within the organic polymer matrix, which can alleviate stresses caused by the huge volume expansion/contraction during deep cycles, thereby maintaining the superior structural integrity of H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG organic anode. As expected, H‐Bi‐Ti‐EG anode exhibits a high capacity and superior long‐term cycling stability. Importantly for potassium storage, it can be cycled at current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 Ag−1 for 800, 700, 1000, and even 6000 cycles, retaining charging capacities of 361, 206, 185, and 85.8 mAh g−1, respectively. The scalable synthetic method along with the outstanding electrochemical performance of hydrated Bi‐Ti‐EG, which is superior to other reported Bi‐based anode materials, places it as a promising anode material for high‐performance potassium storage.
Robust Biocompatible Fibers from Silk Fibroin Coated MXene Sheets
Authors: Usman Ken Aldren S. , Yao Ya , Bacal Christine Jurene O. , Zhang Jizhen , Jarvis Karyn L. , Lynch Peter A. , Mota‐Santiago Pablo , Qin Si , Naebe Minoo , Henderson Luke C. , Hegh Dylan Y. , Allardyce Benjamin J. , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConductive fibers are needed for the development of flexible electronic and biomedical devices. MXene fibers show great promise for use in such applications because of their high conductivity. Current literature on MXene fiber development highlights the need for improving their mechanical properties and investigation of biocompatibility. Here the use of silk fibroin biopolymer as a MXene formulation additive for the production of MXene fibers is studied. It is found that the favorable silk fibroin–MXene interactions resulted in improved durability, withstanding up to 1 h of high frequency sonication in buffered solutions. Furthermore, fibers with ≈5 wt% silk fibroin displays interesting properties including high conductivity (≈3700 S cm−1), high volumetric capacitance (≈910 F cm−3), and non‐cytotoxicity toward THP‐1 monocytic cells. The results presented here provide an important insight into potential use of MXene fibers in flexible electronics and biomedical applications.
Does farmer sexual orientation influence profitability on US farms? An empirical examination using census of agriculture data
Authors: Fisher Monica , Lewin Paul A. , Dentzman Katherine , Pilgeram Ryanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing Census of Agriculture (2017) data, we investigate the association between the principal operator's sexual orientation and farm profitability. Farms run by a male principal operator married to another male (MMM) have higher profits than farms run by a male principal operator married to a woman (MMW), a woman married to a man (WMM), and a woman married to another woman (WMW). Having two men on farm confers profit advantages. Compared with other marital combinations studied, MMM operate large‐scale farms, are more experienced farmers, and are more likely to engage in commodity agriculture. Findings suggest gender, not sexual orientation, is driving the observed profit gaps.
Urea briquettes combined with a fertilizer blend reduces fertilizer costs and improves yields of irrigated rice in Rwanda
Authors: Kayumba John , Wendt John , Cyamweshi Athanase Rusanganwa , Ndayisaba Pierre Celestin , Kuyah Shem , Ngunjiri Mercy , Rutebuka Jules , Nabahungu Leon Nsharwasi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe evaluated the yield and potential economic impact in Rwanda of replacing the standard lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) fertilizer recommendation from the current practice of 200 kg NPK 17‐17‐17 ha−1 and 100 kg urea ha−1 with a basal blend of 74 kg diammonium phosphate (DAP), 57 kg potassium chloride (KCl), and deep placement of 112.5 kg urea briquettes ha−1 at 4 weeks after transplanting. Experiments were carried out in nine diverse marshlands across Rwanda in the long and short rainy seasons of 2016, with the two fertilizer treatments and a no‐fertilizer control. Compared to the current practice, the urea deep placement (UDP) package increased yields by 1.08 and 0.84 mt ha−1 in the respective seasons, while at the same time lowering N fertilizer rate by 15 kg ha−1. Average value to cost ratio increased from 1.89 (current recommendation) to 3.16 (UDP recommendation) and would be still greater than 2.0 at six times increase in labor cost. The cost of fertilizer recommendation (fertilizer cost plus application cost) was lower with the UDP package due to replacing 17‐17‐17 with a lower rate of the DAP and KCl combination. The overall average net benefit of US$300 ha−1 was substantial. Should labor cost increase by eight times compared to the current $1.52 per person‐day, UDP would still provide a benefit of $150–$207 ha−1 compared to the current practice. On a national scale, converting to the UDP package recommendation would result in additional 32,000 mt rice and increase farmer revenue by some US$10 million annually.
PaleogeneFicusleaves from India and their implications for fig evolution and diversification
Authors: Chandra Kajal , Spicer R. A. , Shukla Anumeha , Spicer Teresa , Mehrotra R. C. , Singh Amit Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPremiseFicusis a scientifically and economically important genus with abundant fossil records from the Paleocene to Pleistocene, but with an intriguing early evolutionary history that remains unresolved. Here, the foliage of three well‐preserved figs is described from the early Paleogene succession of the Gurha mine, Rajasthan, India. These fossils provide new morphological data that strengthens our understanding of the past occurrences ofFicusand, alongside all validly published records of fossil figs, helps to trace the evolutionary history of figs.MethodsFossils were identified and described by comparison with their closest modern analogs using the Nearest Living Relative (NLR) technique. Validated fig records are listed and categorized into six geological time frames. Modern precipitation data for the current distributions of NLRs were downloaded from the Climatic Research Unit Timeseries.ResultsFossil leaves assigned to three new speciesFicus paleodicranostyla,F. paleovariegata, andF. paleoauriculataclosely resemble their modern analogs based on leaf morphology. Reliable fossil records were used to hypothesize historical fig distributions and paleodispersal pathways. Precipitation data suggest higher precipitations at the fossil locality during the early Paleogene than at present.ConclusionsThe fossils described herein supplement fig fossil records known from other regions indicating that figs were widely diverse across low latitudes by the early Paleogene. These data support a Eurasian origin for figs, highlight a pivotal role for the Indian subcontinent during the early phase of fig diversification, and depict a perhumid‐to‐humid climate with high rainfall concordant with paleoclimate evidence from the Gurha mine.
RAFT‐Mediated Emulsion Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for the Synthesis of Core‐Degradable Waterborne Particles
Authors: Galanopoulo Paul , Gil Noémie , Gigmes Didier , Lefay Catherine , Guillaneuf Yohann , Lages Maëlle , Nicolas Julien , D'Agosto Franck , Lansalot Muriel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM)‐decorated waterborne nanoparticles comprising a core of either degradable polystyrene (PS) or poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) were synthesized by polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) in water. A PNAM bearing a trithiocarbonate chain end (PNAM‐TTC) was extended via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)‐mediated emulsion copolymerization of either styrene (S) or n‐butyl acrylate (BA) with dibenzo[c,e]oxepane‐5‐thione (DOT). Well‐defined amphiphilic block copolymers were obtained. The in situ self‐assembly of these polymers resulted in the formation of stable nanoparticles. The insertion of thioester units in the vinylic blocks enabled their degradation under basic conditions. The same strategy was then applied to the emulsion copolymerization of BA with DOT using a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) equipped with a trithiocarbonate end group, resulting in PEG‐decorated nanoparticles with degradable PBA‐based cores.
Carbon Encapsulated NiCo2S4 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Surface Mediated Charge Storage for Superior Ultracapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Chaturvedi Vikash , Pawar Meenakshi , Thripuranthaka M. , Shivade Rajkiran , Shelke Manjusha V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree different compositions of NiCo2S4 (NCS) materials were prepared using three solvents, named NCS HTDI (hydrothermal in DI water), NCS STEG (solvothermal in ethylene glycol), and a novel carbon‐encapsulated NCS STFA (solvothermal in formamide). The structural and morphological properties of the prepared NCS HTDI, NCS STEG, and NCS HTDI materials were analyzed using various physical characterization techniques. As prepared, NCS materials were tested as an electrode for supercapacitor (SC) application using a 3‐electrode system in a basic electrolyte (3 M KOH). NCS HTDI exhibits a specific capacitance of 2536 F g−1, NCS STEG shows 1355 F g−1, and NCS STFA shows 1178 F g−1 at an input current density of 1 A g−1. The SBN‐PSC material is utilized as a counter electrode in the NCS STFA || SBN‐PSC‐based asymmetric SC device. The device exhibits exceptionally superior electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 172 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 input current density and 97% capacity retention after 5000 cycles in a voltage window of 1.6 V. The results confirm the superiority of NCS STFA||SBN‐PSC deviceas an excellent high‐energy and high‐power SC.
(Localized) Highly Concentrated Electrolytes for Calcium Batteries
Authors: Martin Pierre‐Alexandre , Årén Fabian , Johansson Patrik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of non‐aqueous highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) for modern rechargeable batteries has recently evolved further by also adding a non‐coordinating solvent, i. e., a diluent, to create localized HCEs (LHCEs). LHCEs rely on a charge carrier design similar to that of HCEs in synergy with tailored macroscopic properties, especially reduced viscosity. LHCEs have now been extensively investigated for monovalent Li+ and Na+ based batteries, but here we investigate both HCEs and LHCEs for divalent Ca2+ conducting systems. Here we systematically map both molecular and macroscopic features as function of composition of Ca(TFSI)2 (calcium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide) in PC (propylene carbonate) based HCEs as well as the corresponding LHCEs created using TTE (1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether) as diluent. Some unique HCE properties arise already at ca. 2.00 m, which is at a lower salt concentration than for monovalent systems, and in addition the local structure of the HCE can be maintained even within a nominal 0.45 m LHCE (starting from a 3.26 m parent HCE). The combined observations made at molecular and macro levels pave the way for further optimization of important physico‐chemical properties, proper design of electrochemical investigations, and eventually a better understanding of how to best improve the desolvation kinetics at e. g., the electrolyte/electrode interfaces of a Ca metal anode.
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions via flexible operation of cross‐sector integrated energy systems under uncertainties in demand, fuel prices, and solar irradiation
Authors: Li Ruonan , Mahalec Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work investigates how the flexible operation of the light industrial plants integrated in a cross‐sector energy cluster with community energy systems can achieve further greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions under uncertainties associated with natural gas prices, solar irradiation, as well as heating, cooling, and electricity demand. The optimal flexible operation and design of a cross‐sector integrated cluster comprising a bakery plant, a brewery, a confectionery plant, a residential building, and a supermarket under uncertainties are compared to the operation and design of systems without uncertainties. When uncertainties are considered, the overall GHG emissions of the integrated system with steady industrial production rates for all uncertainty scenarios are over 4% higher than the integrated system in the deterministic scenario (a single scenario). Flexible operation of the industrial plants, whereby production rates are varied throughout the day, contributes an additional 3% reduction in GHG emissions under uncertainties, where the GHG emissions are only 1% higher than the deterministic scenario. Additionally, the system with flexible production rates purchases over 14.3% less electricity from the grid and uses over 72.2% less natural gas for operating the backup boiler, which relies less on supplementary energy resources. This shows that optimally designed integrated systems with flexible industry production schedules are resilient to uncertainties in energy demands, daily weather fluctuations, and fuel prices.