bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Co-fertilization of Silicon with Macronutrient Fertilizers on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, use Efficiency and Grain Quality of Rice in Sandy Clay Loam Soil
Authors: Arthi V. , Sriramachandrasekharan M. V. , Senthilvalavan P. , Manivannan R. 
Published: March 2023

This study wanted to clarify the impact of silicon (Si) fertilization on nutrient uptake, silicon use efficiency, yield and quality of rice and to detect the rate and mode of application of Si fertilizer in silicon deficient soil. The field experiment was conducted with ten treatment combinationsof100% NPK,100% NPK + potassium silicate (PS)@ 0.25%,0.50% and 1.0% Foliar spray (FS) at tillering stage,100% NPK + PS@ 0.25% ,0.50% and 1.0%FS at tillering and panicle initiation stages,100% NPK + PS@ 50,100 and 150 kg Si ha-1soil application (SA). Application of 50 kg Si ha-1 through PS recorded the highest grain (6183 kg ha-1) and straw (6740 kg ha-1) yield, and higher uptake of macronutrients (NP&K) in rice and it was on par with foliar spray of 1% Si sprayed at tillering stage. Silicon uptake increased linearly with Si levels and the maximum uptake was recorded with 150 kg Si ha-1 and foliar spray at 1% Si. Foliar spray recorded higher Si use efficiency compared to soil application. Rice grain quality viz., protein, amylose and carbohydrate were significantly influenced by silicon addition. The results proved that both foliar and soil application of Si through potassium silicate in sandy clay loam soil could enhance the rice yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality by means of improving nutrient use efficiency.
Trends in Survival Rates of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Use of Molecular Testing and Targeted Therapy in Korea, 2010-2020
Authors: Chi Sang Ah , Yu Hyeyeon , Choi Yoon-La , Park Sehhoon , Sun Jong-Mu , Lee Se-Hoon , Ahn Jin Seok , Ahn Myung-Ju , Choi Dae-Ho , Kim Kyunga , Jung Hyun Ae , Park Keunchil 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceOver the past 10 years, treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been continually revolutionized. However, standard clinical trials may not reflect current multiple lines of treatment and corresponding outcomes in a timely manner.ObjectiveTo investigate outcomes associated with new treatment of NSCLC in a clinical setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included patients with NSCLC between January 1, 2010, and November 30, 2020, who received any anticancer treatment at Samsung Medical Center in Korea. Data were analyzed from November 2021 through February 2022.ExposuresClinical and pathological stage, histology, and major druggable sequence variation, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, RET, MET exon 14 skipping, BRAF V600E, KRAS G12C, and NTRK between 2 periods (period I: 2010-2015 vs period II: 2016–2020).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the 3-year survival rate of NSCLC. Secondary outcomes included median overall survival, progression-free survival, and recurrence-free survival.ResultsAmong 21 978 patients with NSCLC (median [range] age at diagnosis, 64.1 [57.0-71.0] years; 13 624 males [62.0%]), there were 10 110 patients in period I and 11 868 patients in period II; adenocarcinoma (AD) was the predominant histology (7112 patients [70.3%] in period I and 8813 patients [74.3%] in period II). There were 4224 never smokers [41.8%] in period I and 5292 never smokers [44.6%] in period II. Compared with patients in period I, patients during period II were more likely to undergo molecular tests in the AD (5678 patients [79.8%] vs 8631 patients [97.9%]) and non-AD (1612 of 2998 patients [53.8%] and 2719 of 3055 patients [89.0%]) groups. In patients with AD in period I, 3-year survival rates were 92.8% (95% CI, 91.8%-93.7%), 72.4% (95% CI, 68.3%-76.8%), 56.7% (95% CI, 53.4%-60.2%), and 28.7% (95% CI, 27.0%-30.4%) for stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. In period II, 3-year survival rates of patients with AD were 95.1% (95% CI, 94.4%-95.9%), 82.5% (95% CI, 79.1%-86.1%), 65.1% (95% CI, 61.8%-68.6%), and 42.4% (95% CI, 40.3%-44.7%) for each stage, respectively. In patients without AD, 3-year survival rates were 72.0% (95% CI, 68.8%-75.3%), 60.0% (95% CI, 56.2%-64.1%), 38.9% (95% CI, 35.6%-42.5%), and 9.7% (95% CI, 7.9%-12.1%) for each stage in period I. In period II, the 3-year survival rates of patients without AD were 79.3% (95% CI, 76.3%-82.4%), 67.3% (95% CI, 62.8%-72.1%), 48.2% (95% CI, 44.5%-52.3%), and 18.1% (95% CI, 15.1%-21.6%) for each stage.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 10 years of clinical data, survival outcomes were improved across all stages, with larger increases in patients with stage III to IV disease. The incidence of never-smokers and the use of molecular testing increased.
Training in Basic Life Support and Bystander-Performed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Denmark, 2005 to 2019
Authors: Jensen Theo Walther , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Folke Fredrik , Wolthers Signe Amalie , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Blomberg Stig Nikolaj , Andersen Lars Bredevang , Lippert Freddy , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Christensen Helle Collatz 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceStrategies to improve survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) include mass education of laypersons with no official duty to respond to OHCA. In Denmark, basic life support (BLS) course attendance has been mandated by law in October 2006 for obtaining a driver’s license for all vehicles and in vocational education programs.ObjectivesTo examine the association between yearly BLS course participation rate and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 30-day survival from OHCA and to examine if bystander CPR rate acted as a mediator on the association between mass education of laypersons in BLS and survival from OHCA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included outcomes for all OHCA incidents from the Danish Cardiac Arrest Register between 2005 and 2019. Data concerning BLS course participation were supplied by the major Danish BLS course providers.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was 30-day survival of patients who experienced OHCA. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between BLS training rate, bystander CPR rate, and survival, and a bayesian mediation analysis was conducted to examine mediation.ResultsA total of 51 057 OHCA incidents and 2 717 933 course certificates were included. The study showed that the annual 30-day survival from OHCA increased by 14% (odds ratio [OR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10-1.18; P &amp;lt; .001) when BLS course participation rate increased by 5% in analysis adjusted for initial rhythm, automatic external defibrillator use, and mean age. An average mediated proportion of 0.39 (95% QBCI, 0.049-0.818; P = .01). In other words, the last result indicated that 39% of the association between mass educating laypersons in BLS and survival was mediated through an increased bystander CPR rate.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Danish BLS course participation and survival, a positive association was found between annual rate of mass education in BLS and 30-day survival from OHCA. The association of BLS course participation rate on 30-day survival was mediated by the bystander CPR rate; approximately 60% of the association of BLS course participation rate on 30-day survival was based on factors other than increased CPR rates.
Selenium Substitution in Bithiophene Imide Polymer Semiconductors Enables High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Thermoelectric
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Liu Min , Yang Kun , Wang Yimei , Wang Junwei , Chen Zhicai , Feng Kui , Wang Dong , Zhang Jianqi , Li Yongchun , Guo Han , Wei Zhixiang , Guo Xugang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDesigning n‐type polymers with high electrical conductivity remains a major challenge for organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, by devising a novel selenophene‐based electron‐deficient building block, the pronounced advantages of selenium substitution in simultaneously enabling advanced n‐type polymers is demonstrated with high mobility (≈2 orders of magnitude higher versus their sulfur‐based analogues due to both intensified intra‐ and inter‐chain interactions) and much improved n‐doping efficiency (enabled by the largely lowered LUMO level with a ≈0.2 eV margin) of the resulting polymers. Via side chain optimization and donor engineering, the selenium‐substituted polymer, f‐BSeI2TEG‐FT, achieves a highest conductivity of 103.5 S cm−1 and power factor of 70.1 µW m−1 K−2, which are among the highest values reported in literature for n‐type polymers, and f‐BSeI2TEG‐FT greatly outperformed the sulfur‐based analogue polymer by 40% conductivity increase. These results demonstrate that selenium substitution is a very effective strategy for improving n‐type performance and provide important structure‐property correlations for developing high‐performing n‐type OTE materials.
Surface Defects Management by In Situ Etching with Methanol for Efficient Inverted Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Hongrui , Wang Sanlong , Qi Shanshan , Wang Pengyang , Li Renjie , Shi Biao , Zhang Qixing , Huang Qian , Xu Shengzhi , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInorganic perovskite solar cells (IPSCs) have developed rapidly due to their good thermal stability and the bandgap suitable for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit derived from the surface defects and the energy level structure mismatch impede the development of device performance, especially in the P‐I‐N structure IPSCs. Herein, an innovative in situ etching (ISE) treatment method is proposed to reduce surface defects through methanol without additional passivator. It is found that the perovskite films treated with methanol result in a slight excess of PbI2 on the surface and inserted into the grain boundaries. Therefore, the successful decrease of surface defects by methanol and the passivation of grain boundary defects by PbI2 greatly reduce the trap density of perovskite films. And the larger work function of PbI2 contributes to the energy band of perovskite surface bending downward and forms gradient energy level alignment at the I/N interface, which accelerates extraction of charge carriers. As a result, the efficiency of CsPbI2.85Br0.15 inverted IPSC is enhanced from 16.00% to 19.34%, which is one of the mostly efficient IPSCs. This work provides an original idea without additional passivator to manage the defects of inorganic perovskite.
Surface Reduced Manganese States as a Source of Oxygen Reduction Activity in BaMnO3
Authors: Hughes Lucia , Roy Ahin , Downing Clive , Browne Michelle P. , Zhussupbekova Ainur , Shvets Igor V. , Nicolosi Valeria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn relation to perovskites, tweaking the oxidation state of the B‐site cation is fundamental to controlling the catalytic activity of these materials, thus necessitating a complete characterization of surface oxidation states. Herein, using a combination of atomic‐scale imaging and spectroscopic techniques, structure‐property correlation in barium manganese oxide (BaMnO3) is established for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) on the synthesized BaMnO3 find the rods to contain an amorphous surface layer with reduced Mn3+ states compared to Mn4+ states in the bulk. Consequently, the BaMnO3 rods show electrocatalytic activity for the ORR, which originates from the presence of Mn3+ at the rod surface. Furthermore, heating of the samples in air at 300 and 800 °C results in a decrease in the number of Mn3+ states, and thus lowering of the ORR activity. This study represents a step‐stone study in understanding the mechanism of ORR activity and its association to the Mn3+ state at the perovskite's surface, opening up possibilities for further surface engineering and tuning catalytic properties.
Benchmarking and Critical Design Considerations of Zero‐Excess Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Lohrberg Oliver , Voigt Karsten , Maletti Sebastian , Auer Henry , Nikolowski Kristian , Heubner Christian , Michaelis Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZero‐excess Li metal batteries (ZELMBs), in which a Li‐anode is formed in situ during charging, have received much attention in recent years. ZELMBs bear great potential to increase energy density and facilitate battery production, thereby reducing cost as well as material and energy consumption. Practical application of ZELMBs has so far been limited by challenges related to the non‐uniform deposition behavior of Li, leading to inadequate performance and safety concerns. To address these issues, promising approaches have been developed in recent years, including modifications of the current collector, electrolyte, and cycling protocols. While these approaches improve the long‐term stability of ZELMB, they also reduce the energy density by introducing inactive materials into the cell. Herein, critical design criteria for the various optimization approaches in ZELMB research are established. Nominal volumetric and gravimetric energy densities are determined based on the degree of modification. Thresholds are determined for each of the strategies at which the energy density gain of ZELMB vanishes compared to other cell configurations. These findings are compared to literature results to provide guidance for the further development of ZELMB.
Directed Urea‐to‐Nitrite Electrooxidation via Tuning Intermediate Adsorption on Co, Ge Co‐Doped Ni Sites
Authors: Wang Pengtang , Bai Xiaowan , Jin Huanyu , Gao Xintong , Davey Kenneth , Zheng Yao , Jiao Yan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is an alternative to electrooxidation of water for energy–saving hydrogen (H2) production. To maximize this purpose, design of catalysts for selective urea‐to‐nitrite (NO2–) electrooxidation with increased electron transfer and high current is practically important. Herein, a cobalt, germanium (Co, Ge) co‐doped nickel (Ni) oxyhydroxide catalyst is reported first time that directs urea‐to‐NO2– conversion with a significant Faradaic efficiency of 84.9% at 1.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and significantly boosts UOR activity to 448.0 mA cm−2. Importantly, this performance is greater than for most reported Ni‐based catalysts. Based on judiciously combined synchrotron‐based measurement, in situ spectroscopy and density functional theoretical computation, significantly boosted urea‐to‐NO2– production results from Co, Ge co‐doping is demonstrated that optimizes electronic structure of Ni sites in which urea adsorption is altered as NO‐terminal configuration to facilitate CN cleavage for *NH formation, and thereby expedites pathway for urea to NO2– conversion. Findings highlight the importance of tuning intermediate adsorption behavior for design of high‐performance UOR electrocatalysts, and will be of practical benefit to a range of researchers and manufacturers in replacing conventional water electrooxidation with UOR for energy‐saving H2 production.
Interfacial Connections between Organic Perovskite/n+ Silicon/Catalyst that Allow Integration of Solar Cell and Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution from Water
Authors: Gu Hengfei , Zhang Fei , Hwang Shinjae , Laursen Anders B. , Liu Xin , Park So Yeon , Yang Mengjin , Bramante Rosemary C. , Hijazi Hussein , Kasaei Leila , Feldman Leonard C. , Yeh Yao‐Wen , Batson Philip E. , Larson Bryon W. , Li Mengjun , Li Yifei , Wyatt Keenan , Young James L. , Teeluck Krishani , Zhu Kai , Garfunkel Eric , Dismukes G. Charles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapidly increasing solar conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin‐film semiconductors has triggered interest in their use for direct solar‐driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, application of these low‐cost, electronic‐structure‐tunable HOIP tandem photoabsorbers has been hindered by the instability of the photovoltaic‐catalyst‐electrolyte (PV+E) interfaces. Here, photolytic water splitting is demonstrated using an integrated configuration consisting of an HOIP/n+silicon single junction photoabsorber and a platinum (Pt) thin film catalyst. An extended electrochemical (EC) lifetime in alkaline media is achieved using titanium nitride on both sides of the Si support to eliminate formation of insulating silicon oxide, and as an effective diffusion barrier to allow high‐temperature annealing of the catalyst/TiO2‐protected‐n+silicon interface necessary to retard electrolytic corrosion. Halide composition is examined in the (FA1‐xCsx)PbI3 system with a bandgap suitable for tandem operation. A fill factor of 72.5% is achieved using a Spiro‐OMeTAD‐hole‐transport‐layer (HTL)‐based HOIP/n+Si solar cell, and a high photocurrent density of −15.9 mA cm−2 (at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) is attained for the HOIP/n+Si/Pt photocathode in 1 m NaOH under simulated 1‐sun illumination. While this thin‐film design creates stable interfaces, the intrinsic photo‐ and electro‐degradation of the HOIP photoabsorber remains the main obstacle for future HOIP/Si tandem PEC devices.
Intrinsic Role of Volatile Solid Additive in High‐Efficiency PM6:Y6 Series Nonfullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Bin , Zhang Xuliang , Li Siying , Zhang Qilin , Yuan Lin , Ko Doo‐Hyun , Ma Wanli , Yuan Jianyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic nonfullerene solar cells (ONSCs) have made unprecedented progress; however, morphology optimization of ONSCs is proven to be particularly challenging relative to classical fullerene‐based devices. Here, a novel volatile solid additive (VSA), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone (2‐HM), is reported for achieving high‐efficiency ONSCs. 2‐HM functions as a universal morphology‐directing agent for several well‐known PM6:Y6 series nonfullerene blends, viz. PM6:Y6, PM6:BTP‐eC9, PM6:L8‐BO, leading to a best efficiency of 18.85% at the forefront of reported binary ONSCs. VSAs have recently emerged, while the intrinsic kinetics is still unclear. Herein, a set of in situ and ex situ characterizations is employed to first illustrate the molecule‐aggregate‐domain transition dynamic process assisted by the VSA. More specifically, the role of 2‐HM in individual donor PM6 and acceptor Y6 systems is unlocked, and the function of 2‐HM in altering the PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction blends is further revealed for enhanced photovoltaic performance. It is believed that the achievement brings not only a deep insight into emerging volatile solid additive, but also a new hope to further improve the molecular ordering, film microstructure, and relevant performance of ONSCs.
Ionogel Fiber‐Based Flexible Sensor for Friction Sensing
Authors: Lv Bo , Zhao Gengrui , Wang Honggang , Wang Qianjie , Yang Baoping , Ma Wei , Li Zhenyu , Li Jiajun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability of flexible sensors to detect and recognize the perception of different mechanical stimuli is a prerequisite for meeting the challenges of flexible sensing in many applications. Although monitoring of frictional force and state is important and necessary, there is currently a shortage of highly sensitive sensors that can be used for frictional state sensing. This study demonstrates a high‐performance flexible sensor combining pyramidal micropatterns with ionogel nanofibers, which is capable of detecting both normal and tangential forces. The normal force is detected with a sensitivity of 1.145 kPa−1, a response time of less than 30 ms, and a hysteresis of 3.8%. More importantly, the sensor enables sensitive recognition of sliding speed, normal force load, tangential force, and oil lubrication environments with different viscosities in a reciprocating friction condition. It also enables sensitive recognition of the entire relative sliding process from zero slip to stick‐slip. The excellent frictional force and state recognition performances and long durability of 600 cycles at high‐frequency reciprocating friction indicate that the ionogel fiber‐based flexible sensor has a great potential application in friction sensing.
Earth‐Abundant Iron Diboride (FeB2) Nanoparticles as Highly Active Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Li Qi , Dun Chaochao , Xing Junheng , Lu Chang , Adhikari Shiba , Jiang Lin , Carroll David L. , Geyer Scott M. 
Published: March 2023

Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1700513The above article, published online on May 11, 2017, in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author, the journal Editor in Chief Till von Graberg, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed on following concerns raised by a third party and a subsequent investigation at Wake Forest University. Data integrity issues were found in figures 6e and 7d. As a result, the editors consider the conclusions of this article invalid.
Fisheries in a border area of the Moxos Lowlands (Bolivia) after invasion of Arapaima gigas
Authors: Rico Lopez Gabriela , Coca Méndez Claudia , Carolsfeld Joachim , Almeida Oriana , Van Damme Paul Andre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFish in the upper Madeira River basin (Bolivian Amazon) are an important source of livelihoods and protein for both rural and urban human populations. We characterised fisheries in the area of the port city of Riberalta, which possesses some of the most important fisheries landing sites bordering the Moxos lowlands, and evaluated the contribution of an invasive species (Arapaima gigas) to the landings. We compared the regional economic contribution of urban‐based and rural indigenous fisheries. Both fisheries contribute significantly to local food security and livelihoods and take advantage in a different but complementary way of the abundance of the invasive species, avoiding conflicts by partitioning the fish catch and supplying different urban markets. Both fisher groups are involved in a debt peonage system making them dependent on middlemen. A. gigas represented 57.6% of the overall economic value of fish in the region. The socioeconomic impact of the invasive species might increase considerably if it would invade and colonise the available habitats in the nuclear area of the Moxos lowlands.
Effect of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate seed treatments on the emergence and seedling vigor of Amaranth and Cleome gynandra
Authors: Tapfumaneyi Linda , Dube Praxedis , Mavengahama Sydney , Ngezimana Wonder 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeed dormancy is the major challenge in the cultivation of Amaranth and Cleome gynandra. Amaranth and C. gynandra are affected by chemical, physical, and physiological dormancy. The current study was conducted at the Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (MUAST) farm in 2021 and 2022. The effects of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate seed treatments on the emergence and seedling vigour of Amaranth and C. gynandra were evaluated. Seeds of Amaranth and C. gynandra were pre‐soaked in gibberellic acid (control 0, 100, 200, 300,400, and 500 ppm) and potassium nitrate (control 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%) solutions for 24 h to have a factorial layout within a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Seeds of Amaranth and C. gynandra treated with gibberellic acid showed a significant difference while potassium nitrate showed no significant difference. The highest emergence percentage and vigor index were recorded in seeds treated with 500 ppm gibberellic acid. The maximum emergence percentages of Amaranth (62.1%) and C. gynandra (60.7%) were obtained in 2022 and 2021. The least emergence percentages of Amaranth (46.4%) and C. gynandra (45.3%) were obtained in control in 2021. The highest vigor index of Amaranth (603) was obtained in 2022, while the highest vigor index of C. gynandra (562) was obtained in 2021. The lowest vigor indices of Amaranth and C. gynandra were 341 and 270, which were recorded in 2021 and 2022. The results showed that gibberellic acid has the potential to reduce seed dormancy.