bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Vanadium Oxide on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Li (Oxide or Fluoride) Borate Glasses
Authors: Abdel-karim Amal M. , Fayad A. M. , El-kashef I. M. , Saleh Hisham A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBinary glass systems of the chemical composition 0.25Li2O–0.75B2O3 and 0.25LiF–0.75B2O3 with different additive ratios of V2O5 were prepared using the melt-quenching method. Characterization was carried out through different techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible absorption (UV–visible) spectroscopy. Optical and electrical properties have been investigated in order to recognize the role of V2O5 in glass. FTIR spectra of the studied glasses expose repetitive vibration curves with limited variations. BO4 and BO3 are the basic constituent units of the studied glasses in addition to the BO2F and BO3F units in the case of fluoro-borate glasses. Shifting to a higher wavelength in the optical absorption spectra and a decrease in the optical band gap values via increasing V2O5 content confirms the formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The ac-electrical conductivity (σac) and the dielectric constants (ɛ′) of the glass samples were studied in the frequency range 102 Hz–8 MHz. The ionic conduction takes place by Li-ion movement in all samples. The electronic conduction of borate glass can be explained using hopping between V4+ and V5+. The results show excellent properties of the glass with a low concentration of vanadium oxide.
Graphical Abstract
Will we ever teach mathematics again in the way we used to before the pandemic?
Authors: Engelbrecht Johann , Borba Marcelo C. , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAfter about two years of emergency remote teaching during the pandemic, the teaching of mathematics is slowly returning to (what used to be called)normal. However, after the period of mostly teaching online, there is uncertainty about the extent to which we will return to the way we were teaching before. In this survey paper we attempt to give some background to the impact that emergency remote teaching may have had on teaching mathematics. We examine the possible social implications and then focus on the changing mathematics classroom, focusing on the actual mathematics curriculum, learning design and assessment, the role of collaborative activities and social media, educational videos, and the role of family and parents in future. There are indicators from the literature that educators may not return to the traditional way of teaching entirely, especially in secondary and higher education. We conclude with describing some possible new research areas that have developed through emergency remote teaching, including online education for younger learners, local learning ecosystems, the role of family and parents, instructional design, and the mathematics content of curricula.
Bcl-2 pathway inhibition in solid tumors: a review of clinical trials
Authors: Ploumaki Ioanna , Triantafyllou Efthymios , Koumprentziotis Ioannis-Alexios , Karampinos Konstantinos , Drougkas Konstantinos , Karavolias Ioannis , Trontzas Ioannis , Kotteas Elias A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to their key role in the pathogenesis of cancer through the regulation of apoptosis, the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins have been an attractive target for cancer therapy for the past decades. Throughout the years, many Bcl-2 family inhibitors have been developed, with Venetoclax being now successfully used in treating hematological malignancies. Although their effectiveness in the treatment of solid tumors is yet to be established, some preclinical evidence indicates their possible clinical application. This review aims to summarize current data from completed clinical trials that used Bcl-2 protein family inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with other agents for the treatment of solid malignancies. We managed to include clinical trials of various phases which analyze the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs, as well as the effectiveness and adverse effects. Active and recruiting clinical trials are also briefly presented and future prospects and challenges are discussed.
Identifying Context-Related Socio-Cultural Predictors of Negative Attitudes Toward Polyamory
Authors: Grigoropoulos Iraklis , Daoultzis Konstantinos-Christos , Kordoutis Panos 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is scarce research regarding attitudes toward polyamory in different socio-cultural contexts. This study examines the role of socio-cultural variance and the situatedness of particular variables (i.e., attitudes toward monogamy, religiosity, political orientation, attitudes toward polyamorists’ parental competence, and concern for polyamorous children’s welfare) in predicting negative attitudes towards polyamory. Two hundred and fifty participants were recruited for this study. A between-subject, correlational design was employed. The findings of this study only partially support the role of context-related socio-cultural and social-psychological factors in determining participants’ attitudes toward polyamory. This study contributes to the literature and research in this field by reporting the transformative potential of context-related socio-cultural and social-psychological factors that affect commonly shared attitudes toward polyamory.
Magnesium Chloride Crystals with Studying Mechanism and Leaching Kinetics of Serpentinite Ore by Hydrochloric Acid
Authors: El-Sayed D. , Ismail A. K. , El-Hosiny F. I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagnesium chloride hexahydrate crystal (MgCl2.6H2O) is an intermediate product used to obtain Mg metal from its ores. This work aims to produce purified MgCl2.6H2O crystals from natural Egyptian serpentine. Serpentine samples were collected from the Eastern Desert in Egypt and prepared for leaching with HCl solutions. Reaction temperature (°C), leaching time (h), solid/liquid ratio (g/mL), and acid concentration (M) were studied. The optimum leaching conditions achieved 97.6% MgO recovery optimized at particle size less than 75 µm (100%), 95 °C of the reaction temperature for three hours with solid-to-liquid ratio 1:5, and 5 M of HCl concentration. The serpentine dissolution kinetics were studied depending on the solid–liquid reaction and activation energy model. The resultant liquor was purified and crystallized. The kinetic studies indicated that product layer diffusion is the most likely rate-controlling step for serpentinite dissolution in the HCl solution.
Molecular Engineering Design for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-Organic Battery
Authors: Sun Tianjiang , Zhang Weijia , Nian Qingshun , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNovel small sulfur heterocyclic quinones (6a,16a-dihydrobenzo[b]naphtho[2′,3′:5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3-i]thianthrene-5,7,9,14,16,18-hexaone (4S6Q) and benzo[b]naphtho[2′,3′:5,6][1,4]dithiino[2,3-i]thianthrene-5,9,14,18-tetraone (4S4Q)) are developed by molecule structural design method and as cathode for aqueous zinc-organic batteries. The conjugated thioether (–S–) bonds as connected units not only improve the conductivity of compounds but also inhibit their dissolution by both extended π-conjugated plane and constructed flexible molecular skeleton. Hence, the Zn//4S6Q and Zn//4S4Q batteries exhibit satisfactory electrochemical performance based on 3.5 mol L−1 (M) Zn(ClO4)2 electrolyte. For instance, the Zn//4S6Q battery obtains 240 and 208.6 mAh g−1 of discharge capacity at 150 mA g−1 and 30 A g−1, respectively. The excellent rate capability is ascribed to the fast reaction kinetics. This system displays a superlong life of 20,000 cycles with no capacity fading at 3 A g−1. Additionally, the H+-storage mechanism of the 4S6Q compound is demonstrated by ex situ analyses and density functional theory calculations. Impressively, the battery can normally work at − 60 °C benefiting from the anti-freezing electrolyte and maintain a high discharge capacity of 201.7 mAh g−1, which is 86.2% of discharge capacity at 25 °C. The cutting-edge electrochemical performances of these novel compounds make them alternative electrode materials for Zn-organic batteries.
Differenzierte Analyse des neuronalen Antriebs nach Kniebandverletzungen
Authors: Kurz Eduard , Schwesig René , Pröger Stefan , Delank Karl-Stefan , Bartels Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Nach einer adäquaten operativen Versorgung von Kniebandverletzungen erfolgt der rehabilitative Prozess – er stellt eine kritische Phase für den späteren Erfolg dar. Neben einer mangelhaften Bewegungsqualität und dem Aktivitätsgrad wurden neuromuskuläre Defizite als kritische Faktoren für Reverletzungen identifiziert.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand der Resultate eines Athleten nach einer schweren Kniegelenkverletzung Kompensationen und Fortschritte innerhalb des Rehabilitationsverlaufs mithilfe von Mehrkanal-Elektromyographie(EMG)-Messungen zu quantifizieren.

Material und Methode
Ein 24 Jahre alter Profifußballer (77 kg, 180 cm) wurde 150, 178 und 226 Tage nach der operativen Versorgung einer Multiligamentverletzung bezüglich der Mm. vastus medialis (VM) und lateralis (VL) mittels Oberflächen-EMG untersucht. Da vergleichbare Analysen vor der Verletzung nicht durchgeführt wurden, werden sowohl Einzelergebnisse und Ergebnisprofile mit Resultaten einer Referenzgruppe sowie der unverletzten Gegenseite verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Neben einer defizitären isometrischen Maximalkraft (MVC) des Streckapparates (76 %) konnte eine reduzierte Aktivität des VM während niedriger Kontraktionsintensitäten (20 und 40 % MVC) beobachtet werden. Weiterhin zeigte sich anhand des VM/VL-Aktivierungs-Ratio ein dysregulierter neuraler Antrieb beider Muskeln auf der operierten Seite.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die reduzierte Aktivität des VM sowie der veränderte neurale Antrieb von VM und VL sind möglicherweise in einer unzureichenden Aktivierbarkeit motorischer Einheiten des VM mit niedrigeren Rekrutierungsschwellen begründet.
Anomalous 13C enrichment in Mesozoic vertebrate enamel reflects environmental conditions in a “vanished world” and not a unique dietary physiology
Authors: Cullen Thomas M. , Longstaffe Fred J. , Wortmann Ulrich G. , Huang Li , Evans David C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiogeochemical analyses of organisms’ tissues provide direct proxies for diets, behaviors, and environmental interactions that have proven invaluable for studies of extant and extinct species. Applying these to Cretaceous ecosystems has at times produced anomalous results, however, as dinosaurs preserve unusually positive stable carbon isotope compositions relative to extant C3-feeding vertebrates. This has been hypothesized to be a unique property of dinosaur dietary physiology, with potential significance for our interpretations of their paleobiology. We test that hypothesis through multi-taxic stable carbon isotope analyses of a spatiotemporally constrained locality in the Late Cretaceous of Canada, and compare the results to a modern near-analogue environment in Louisiana. The stable carbon isotope anomaly is present in all sampled fossil vertebrates, dinosaur or not. This suggests another more widespread factor is responsible. Examinations of diagenetic effects suggest that, where present, they are insufficient to explain the isotope anomaly. The isotope anomaly is therefore not primarily the result of a unique dietary physiology of dinosaurs, but rather a mix of factors impacting all taxa, such as environmental and/or source-diet differences. Our study underscores the importance of multi-taxic samples from spatiotemporally constrained localities in testing hypotheses of extinct organisms and ecosystems, and in the use of modern data to “ground truth” when evaluating analogue versus non-analogue conditions in greenhouse paleoecosystems.
Reintervention and mortality risk after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair
Authors: Beers Kevin M. , Jacobsen Christian P. , Miller Stewart R. , Lehenbauer David G. , Maldonado Elaine , Husain S. Adil , Calhoon John H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground:Management of total anomalous pulmonary venous connections has been extensively studied to further improve outcomes. Our institution previously reported factors associated with mortality, recurrent obstruction, and reintervention. The study purpose was to revisit the cohort of patients and evaluate factors associated with reintervention, and mortality in early and late follow-up.Methods:A retrospective review at our institution identified 81 patients undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair from January 2002 to January 2018. Demographic and operative variables were evaluated. Anastomotic reintervention (interventional or surgical) and/or mortality were primary endpoints.Results:Eighty-one patients met the study criteria. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 6,291 days (17.2 years), a mean of 1263 days (3.5 years). Surgical mortality was 16.1% and reintervention rates were 19.8%. In re-interventions performed, 80% occurred within 1.2 years, while 94% of mortalities were within 4.1 months. Increasing cardiopulmonary bypass times (p = 0.0001) and the presence of obstruction at the time of surgery (p = 0.025) were predictors of mortality, while intracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection type (p = 0.033) was protective. Risk of reintervention was higher with increasing cardiopulmonary bypass times (p = 0.015), single ventricle anatomy (p = 0.02), and a post-repair gradient >2 mmHg on transesophageal echocardiogram (p = 0.009).Conclusions:Evaluation of a larger cohort with longer follow-up demonstrated the relationship of anatomic complexity and symptoms at presentation to increased mortality risk after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair. The presence of a single ventricle or a post-operative confluence gradient >2 mmHg were risk factors for reintervention. These findings support those found in our initial study.
Domestic Investment Laws, International Economic Law, and Economic Development
Authors: Olaoye Kehinde Folake , Sornarajah Muthucumaraswamy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract‘Development’ is a legal concept which has been central to the practice of international economic law (IEL). This Article examines how ‘development’ continues to be at the heart of struggles between domestic investment laws (DILs) and international economic law. By examining over 3000 international investment agreements (IIAs) and DILs signed in the last seven decades, this Article identifies the ways in which the concept of development has evolved in tandem with the growth of international economic law by dividing the history of international investment law into six main phases. It traces the emergence of ‘development’ in DIL to the decolonization era arguing that post 1990, the proliferation of international investment treaties and growth of investment treaty arbitration have been used as tools of liberalization on the weak premise that this would lead to economic development. In this context, this Article examines closely the interpretation of ‘investment’ by ICSID tribunals, promotion of international arbitration for economic development, attempts to internationalize economic development contracts, continued relevance of the New International Economic Order, and shift to sustainable development in IEL discourse.
International Organizations, Technical Assistance, and Domestic Investment Laws
Authors: Berge Tarald Gulseth , Fauchald Ole Kristian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCan supranational actors influence domestic policy? In this article, we study how international organizations have sought to shape the contents of domestic laws aimed at protecting foreign investment. Traditionally, the influence of international organizations on public policy has been assumed to run through loan conditionalities. We build on a recent strand of literature indicating that international organizations can also influence public policy through technical assistance. Empirically, we present a cross-sectional mapping of the protection that states offer foreign investors in domestic investment laws, and a mapping of the advisory activities of the three main organizations offering technical assistance on foreign investment laws: the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Bank. We find that there are significant variations in protection offered under domestic investment laws, and variation in international organizations’ technical assistance over time and across organizations. To explore technical assistance as a causal mechanism for influence on public policy more closely in this field, we conduct a case study of the development of domestic investment legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Co‐ and Post‐Seismic Mechanisms of the 2020 Mw 6.3 Yutian Earthquake and Local Stress Evolution
Authors: Liu Zhenjiang , Yu Chen , Li Zhenhong , Zhang Xuesong , Zhang Miaomiao , Feng Wanpeng , Han Bingquan , Peng Jianbing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Mw 6.3 Yutian earthquake, occurred in northwestern Tibet on 25 June 2020, is one of the major events sequentially occurring in the region following the 2008 Mw 7.2, 2012 Mw 6.2, and 2014 Mw 6.9 earthquakes, and is of great significance for studying the tectonic activity and assessing future seismic hazards in the region. In this study, we used Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images to retrieve co‐ and post‐seismic deformation and to investigate the coseismic rupture behavior of the fault and the mechanisms of postseismic deformation. Based on the slip models of recent four nearby major earthquakes, we explored the local stress evolution, triggering mechanism of the 2020 event and future regional seismic hazards. Postseismic modeling reveals that afterslip on fault patches surrounding the ruptured co‐seismic patches is the main mechanism responsible for the near‐field deformation, with the poroelastic rebound relaxation only accounts for maximumly 25% of the ground displacement and limited impact on the overall deformation pattern. The Coulomb failure stress changes (ΔCFS) suggest that the 2020 Yutian earthquake was inhibited by the 2008 Mw 7.2 earthquake but facilitated by the 2012 Mw 6.2 and 2014 Mw 6.9 earthquakes, resulting in an overall ΔCFS with a large lateral gradient on the 2020 fault. Stress concentrations on nearby major faults indicate increasing chances of seismic hazards in the eastern section of the Altyn Tagh fault at 82.8°E, the western section of the Guozha Co fault at 81.5°E and the entire section of the Ashikule fault.
The Effects of Trash, Residential Biofuel, and Open Biomass Burning Emissions on Local and Transported PM2.5 and Its Attributed Mortality in Africa
Authors: Gordon Janica N. D. , Bilsback Kelsey R. , Fiddler Marc N. , Pokhrel Rudra P. , Fischer Emily V. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Bililign Solomon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLong‐term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the second leading risk factor of premature death in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We use GEOS‐Chem to quantify the effects of (a) trash burning, (b) residential solid‐fuel burning, and (c) open biomass burning (BB) (i.e., landscape fires) on ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5‐attributable mortality in Africa. Using a series of sensitivity simulations, we excluded each of the three combustion sources in each of five African regions. We estimate that in 2017 emissions from these three combustion sources within Africa increased global ambient PM2.5 by 2%, leading to 203,000 (95% confidence interval: 133,000–259,000) premature mortalities yr−1 globally and 167,000 premature mortalities yr−1 in Africa. BB contributes more ambient PM2.5‐related premature mortalities per year (63%) than residential solid‐fuel burning (29%) and trash burning (8%). Open BB in Central Africa leads to the largest number of PM2.5‐attributed mortalities inside the region, while trash burning in North Africa and residential solid‐fuel burning in West Africa contribute the most regional mortalities for each source. Overall, Africa has a unique ambient air pollution profile because natural sources, such as windblown dust and BB, contribute strongly to ambient PM2.5 levels and PM2.5‐related mortality. Air pollution policies may need to focus on taking preventative measures to avoid exposure to ambient PM2.5 from these less‐controllable sources.
The Emergence of Four Types of Slow Slip Cycles on Dilatant, Fluid Saturated Faults
Authors: Chen Jianye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA variety of mechanisms have been proposed to explain how a fault might deform relatively slowly, rather than manifesting as earthquakes. Several rely on the frictional properties of the fault interface. In this study I analyze the slip stability of a fluid‐infiltrated fault in the framework of a microphysically‐based friction model, which has shear zone porosity as its state variable. Linear stability analysis of the model, incorporating the evolution of fluid pressure, gives the critical stiffness () and frequency () as a function of normalized dilatancy () and diffusivity () factors. The theoretical results are similar to those derived from the previous friction laws, except that a positive always exists, even for a highly‐dilatant, impermeable fault where the value is proportional to the diffusivity. This implies that dilatant faults in impermeable media are potentially seismogenic, while the previous models predict negative , implying a stable fault regardless of loading stiffness (k). Adopting a spring‐slider fault analogue, the analytical results are verified numerically under a wide span of spring stiffness, dilatancy, and diffusivity factors. The numerical results further reveal that four different modes of periodic slow slips can emerge in the model, without invoking inertia, which is distinct from previous friction models. Translating into the scenario of an elastically‐deformable medium, the critical wavelength on a dilatant fault can be as long as tens of kilometers. Gaining insights from all these features, I posit that the microphysical model is inherently favorable for generating slow slips.
Foreshocks of the 2010 Mw 6.7 Yushu, China Earthquake Occurred Near an Extensional Step‐Over
Authors: Chuang Lindsay Y. , Peng Zhigang , Lei Xinglin , Wang Baoshan , Liu Jiayue , Zhai Qiushi , Tu Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe conduct a detailed study of the foreshock sequence preceding the 2010 Mw 6.7 Yushu, Qinghai earthquake in the Tibetan plateau by examining continuous waveforms recorded at a seismic station near the mainshock rupture zone. By using a deep learning phase picker—EQTransformer and a matched‐filter technique, we identify 120 foreshocks with magnitude ranging from −0.7 to 1.6, starting with a Mw 4.6 foreshock approximately 2 hr before the Mw 6.7 Yushu mainshock. Our analyses show that the foreshock sequence follows a typical Omori's law decay with a p‐value of 0.73 and the Gutenberg‐Richer frequency‐magnitude b‐value of 0.66. We do not find any evidence of accelerating events leading up to the Yushu mainshock. Hence, they could be considered as aftershocks of the Mw 4.6 earthquake. We further invert for the focal mechanisms and rupture directions for both the largest foreshock and the mainshock. The Mw 4.6 foreshock likely occurred on a NE‐SW trending fault conjugating to the NW‐SE trending fault of the mainshock. Coulomb stress analysis suggests the Mw 4.6 foreshock induces negative stress on the mainshock source area. These observations do not support either the pre‐slip or the cascade triggering model for foreshock generation. The occurrence of the foreshock, mainshock and large aftershocks appear to be modulated by the Earth's tidal forces, likely reflecting the role of high pore‐fluid pressures. Our observations, together with other recent studies, suggest that extensional step‐overs and conjugate faults along major strike‐slip faults play an important role in generating short‐term foreshock sequences.