bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How we study cryptic species and their biological implications: A case study from marine shelled gastropods
Authors: Shin Caren P. , Allmon Warren D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMethodological and biological considerations are intertwined when studying cryptic species. A potentially large component of modern biodiversity, the frequency of cryptic species among taxonomic groups is not well documented. The term “cryptic species” is imprecisely used in scientific literature, causing ambiguity when interpreting their evolutionary and ecological significance. This study reviews how cryptic species have been defined, discussing implications for taxonomy and biology, and explores these implications with a case study based on recently published literature on extant shelled marine gastropods. Reviewed gastropods were recorded by species. Records of cryptic gastropods were presented by authors with variable levels of confidence but were difficult to disentangle from inherent biases in the study effort. These complexities notwithstanding, most gastropod species discussed were not cryptic. To the degree that this review's sample represents extinct taxa, the results suggest that a high proportion of shelled marine gastropod species are identifiable for study in the fossil record. Much additional work is needed to provide a more adequate understanding of the relative frequency of cryptic species in shelled marine gastropods, which should start with more explicit definitions and targeted case studies.
Further insights into the phylogeny of facultative parasitic ciliates associated with tetrahymenosis (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) based on multigene data
Authors: Liu Lihui , Jiang Mingyue , Zhou Chunyu , Li Bailin , Song Yumeng , Pan Xuming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTetrahymenosis, caused by about 10 Tetrahymena species, is an emerging problem inflicting a significant economic loss on the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, in the order Tetrahymenida, there are many unresolved evolutionary relationships among taxa. Here we report 21 new sequences, including SSU‐rRNA, ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 rRNA and LSU‐rRNA, genes of 10 facultative parasitic Tetrahymena associated with tetrahymenosis, and conduct phylogenetic analyses based on each individual gene and a three‐gene concatenated dataset. The main findings are: (1) All the parasitic and facultative parasitic species cluster in borealis group. (2) With the addition of new sequences, Tetrahymena is still divided into three groups, namely the “borealis group”, the “australis group,” and the “paravorax group.” (3) the cluster pattern of all the newly sequenced facultative parasitic Tetrahymena species shows that members of the “borealis” group may be more susceptible to parasitism. (4) phylogeny based on concatenated genes show that T. pyriformis, T. setosa, and T. leucophrys have close relationship.
Shifts in competitive structures can drive variation in species' phenology
Authors: Dumandan Patricia Kaye T. , Yenni Glenda M. , Ernest S. K. Morgan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor many species, a well documented response to anthropogenic climate change is a shift in various aspects of its life history, including its timing or phenology. Often, these phenological shifts are associated with changes in abiotic factors used as proxies for resource availability or other suitable conditions. Resource availability, however, can also be impacted by competition, but the impact of competition on phenology is less studied than abiotic drivers. We fit generalized additive models (GAMs) to a long‐term experimental dataset on small mammals monitored in the southwestern United States and show that altered competitive landscapes can drive shifts in breeding timing and prevalence, and that, relative to a dominant competitor, other species exhibit less specific responses to environmental factors. These results suggest that plasticity of phenological responses, which is often described in the context of annual variation in abiotic factors, can occur in response to biotic context as well. Variation in phenological responses under different biotic conditions shown here further demonstrates that a more nuanced understanding of shifting biotic interactions is useful to better understand and predict biodiversity patterns in a changing world.
Resistance and resilience to invasion is stronger in synchronous than compensatory communities
Authors: Davidson Janette L. , Shoemaker Lauren G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhile community synchrony is a key framework for predicting ecological constancy, the interplay between community synchrony and ecological invasions remains unclear. Yet the degree of synchrony in a resident community may influence its resistance and resilience to the introduction of an invasive species. Here we used a generalizable mathematical framework, constructed with a modified Lotka–Volterra competition model, to first simulate resident communities across a range of competitive strengths and species' responses to environmental fluctuations, which yielded communities that ranged from strongly synchronous to compensatory. We then invaded these communities at different timesteps with invaders of varying demographic traits, after which we quantified the resident community's susceptibility to initial invasion attempts (resistance) and the degree to which community synchrony was altered after invasion (resiliency of synchrony). We found that synchronous communities were not only more resistant but also more resilient to invasion than compensatory communities, likely due to stronger competition between resident species and thus lower cumulative abundances in compensatory communities, providing greater opportunities for invasion. The growth rate of the invader was most influenced by the resident and invader competition coefficients and the growth rate of the invader species. Our findings support prioritizing the conservation of compensatory and weakly synchronous communities which may be at increased risk of invasion.
Finding (dis‐)advantaged system justifiers: A bottom‐up approach to explore system justification theory
Authors: Kesberg Rebekka , Brandt Mark J. , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Spruyt Bram , Turner‐Zwinkels Felicity 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSystem Justification Theory (SJT) postulates that individuals are motivated to justify the status quo, including the paradoxical prediction that those who are disadvantaged (e.g., lower social status) by the prevailing system will justify the system more than those who are advantaged by the prevailing system. We test if this assumption holds in an entire sample, or only among subsets of a sample using a bottom‐up approach, Correlational Class Analysis. Using a representative sample from four European countries (Ntotal = 5157) we found six subpopulations. The first subpopulation (Justifiers, ntotal = 1256; 24%) was consistent with SJT, that is, system justification and social status were negatively correlated. The second subpopulation (Rejectors, ntotal = 1688; 33%), however, was characterized by a positive correlation between social status and system justification, which contrasts with the prediction of system justification theory. The other four subpopulations (Ntotal = 2211; 43%) were characterized by an ambivalent pattern. That is, at least one social status indicator, but not all, supported the prediction that disadvantaged individuals justified the system more than advantaged individuals. These heterogeneous patterns would be undetected using traditional approaches. Further, our results show that inequality salience is lower, trust in political institutions is higher, and support for political violence is higher among Justifiers compared to Rejectors. We discuss how understanding the interrelations between multiple indicators of social status and how they differ between subpopulations can help us to obtain a more comprehensive picture regarding under which circumstances and for whom system justification theory applies.
Challenges and Recommendations in Assessing Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Properties of Metals in Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Brix Kevin V. , Baken Stijn , Poland Craig A. , Blust Ronny , Pope Louise J. , Tyler Charles R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
New tools and refined frameworks for identifying and regulating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are being developed as our scientific understanding of how they work advances. Although focus has largely been on organic chemicals, the potential for metals to act as EDCs in aquatic systems is receiving increasing attention. Metal interactions with the endocrine system are complicated because some metals are essential to physiological systems, including the endocrine system, and nonessential metals can have similar physiochemical attributes that allow substitution into or interference with these systems. Consequently, elevated metal exposure could potentially cause endocrine disruption (ED) but can also cause indirect effects on the endocrine system via multiple pathways or elicit physiologically appropriate compensatory endocrine-mediated responses (endocrine modulation). These latter two effects can be confused with, but are clearly not, ED. In the present study, we provide several case studies that exemplify the challenges encountered in evaluating the endocrine-disrupting (ED) potential of metals, followed by recommendations on how to meet them. Given that metals have multiple modes of action (MOAs), we recommend that assessments use metal-specific adverse outcome pathway networks to ensure that accurate causal links are made between MOAs and effects on the endocrine system. We recommend more focus on establishing molecular initiating events for chronic metal toxicity because these are poorly understood and would reduce uncertainty regarding the potential for metals to be EDCs. Finally, more generalized MOAs such as oxidative stress could be involved in metal interactions with the endocrine system, and we suggest it may be experimentally efficient to evaluate these MOAs when ED is inferred. These experiments, however, must provide explicit linkage to the ED endpoints of interest. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2564–2579. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in High-Protein Food Products
Authors: Surma Magdalena , Sznajder-Katarzyńska Katarzyna , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Piskuła Mariusz , Zieliński Henryk 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) belong to the emerging class of persistent organohalogenated contaminants in the environment. We determined the levels of 10 PFAS in selected samples representing different food types, with a special focus on those rich in protein such as fish, meat and meat preparations, liver, eggs, and leguminous vegetables. Such determinations were based on the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe extraction procedure followed by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The most frequently found was perfluorooctanoic acid, in 84% of the food samples. However, its maximum measured concentration was 0.50 ng g–1, in a herring sample. The highest concentrations were for perfluorobutanoic acid (35 ng g–1 measured in a pork liver sample) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (12 ng g–1 measured in a herring sample). Because these compounds may bioaccumulate in human tissues by dietary intake, further research into their impact on human health is called for. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2589–2598. © 2023 SETAC
Depression recurrence is accompanied by longer periods in default mode and more frequent attentional and reward processing dynamic brain‐states during resting‐state activity
Authors: Alonso Sonsoles , Tyborowska Anna , Ikani Nessa , Mocking Roel J. T. , Figueroa Caroline A. , Schene Aart H. , Deco Gustavo , Kringelbach Morten L. , Cabral Joana , Ruhé Henricus G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecurrence in major depressive disorder (MDD) is common, but neurobiological models capturing vulnerability for recurrences are scarce. Disturbances in multiple resting‐state networks have been linked to MDD, but most approaches focus on stable (vs. dynamic) network characteristics. We investigated how the brain's dynamical repertoire changes after patients transition from remission to recurrence of a new depressive episode. Sixty two drug‐free, MDD‐patients with ≥2 episodes underwent a baseline resting‐state fMRI scan when in remission. Over 30‐months follow‐up, 11 patients with a recurrence and 17 matched‐remitted MDD‐patients without a recurrence underwent a second fMRI scan. Recurrent patterns of functional connectivity were characterized by applying Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA). Differences between baseline and follow‐up were identified for the 11 non‐remitted patients, while data from the 17 matched‐remitted patients was used as a validation dataset. After the transition into a depressive state, basal ganglia‐anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and visuo‐attentional networks were detected significantly more often, whereas default mode network activity was found to have a longer duration. Additionally, the fMRI signal in the basal ganglia‐ACC areas underlying the reward network, were significantly less synchronized with the rest of the brain after recurrence (compared to a state of remission). No significant changes were observed in the matched‐remitted patients who were scanned twice while in remission. These findings characterize changes that may be associated with the transition from remission to recurrence and provide initial evidence of altered dynamical exploration of the brain's repertoire of functional networks when a recurrent depressive episode occurs.
Do refugees with better mental health better integrate? Evidence from the Building a New Life in Australia longitudinal survey
Authors: Dang Hai‐Anh H. , Trinh Trong‐Anh , Verme Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHardly any evidence exists on the effects of mental distress on refugee labor outcomes. We offer the first study on this topic in the context of Australia, one of the host countries with the largest number of refugees per capita in the world. Analyzing the Building a New Life in Australia longitudinal survey, we exploit the variations in traumatic experiences of refugees interacted with post‐resettlement time periods to causally identify the impacts of refugee mental health. We find that worse mental health, as measured by a one‐standard‐deviation increase in the Kessler mental health score, reduces the probability of employment by 11.9% and labor income by 22.8%. These effects appear more pronounced for refugees that newly arrive or are without social networks, but they may be ameliorated with government support. These findings have significant implications for the development of health and labor policies, particularly regarding the integration of refugees within host countries.
Distal positioning of the skin paddle of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Dhiwakar Muthuswamy , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Khan Zubair A. , Mehta Shivprakash , Karthik Konagalla 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess outcomes of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMF) wherein the skin paddle (SP) was positioned with its distal portion extending beyond the lower border of pectoralis major by ≥2 cm (PMF‐d).MethodsConsecutive head and neck reconstructions with PMF‐d (n = 110). SP dimensions l2 (distal extent below the lower border of pectoralis major), l1 (proximal extent above lower border of pectoralis major), and b (breadth) were recorded. Endpoints were SP necrosis, recipient dehiscence, early fistula, and persistent fistula.ResultsMedian values of l2, l1, and b were 3.0, 6.0, and 6.0 cm, respectively. When l2 = 2.0–3.0 cm, SP necrosis occurred in only one (1%) subject (with obesity). When l2 was ≥3.5 cm, necrosis occurred in four (16%) subjects, three of whom also had l1/l2 < 2.0 (proximal SP < 67% of entire SP). Statistically, increased l2 was the only risk factor for necrosis (p = 0.001). Overall, incidence of recipient dehiscence, early fistula, and persistent fistula were 32 (29%), 20 (20%), and 3 (3%), respectively. Persistent fistula occurred only in the setting of SP necrosis and/or re‐irradiation.ConclusionCareful patient selection, adequate proximal SP, and l2 = 2.0–3.0 cm is associated with a negligible risk of necrosis. The enhanced reach and laxity and additional skin surface area and soft tissue volume conferred with PMF‐d facilitate recipient wound healing.
A closed‐form solution of DPL bioheat transfer problem with time‐periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Biswas Pranay , Singh Suneet , Srivastava Atul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA closed‐form (long‐time) solution of one‐dimensional dual‐phase lag bioheat transfer problem with consistent time‐periodic boundary conditions (BCs) is presented in this paper for planar, cylindrical, and spherical skin tissue for a newly developed solution methodology. The steady‐periodic solution is composed of a steady‐state part and an oscillating part; corresponding to the constant and oscillating parts of BCs, respectively. Using the superposition principle, these two parts are split into two problems, which are solved separately. The steady‐state part is fairly straightforward to obtain, while for the oscillating part, an alternate Laplace transform (LT) approach is proposed in this work. It is demonstrated that for sinusoidal BCs, a closed‐form solution in the time domain can be obtained by evaluating an approximate convolution integral, which emulates the effect of the inverse LT. The obtained closed‐form solution is free of any series summation or numerical inversion, thereby, making it computationally very efficient compared with conventional LT and eigenfunctions‐based approaches. The current methodology is verified with the established eigenfunctions expansion‐based methodology. It can be seen that the long‐time solutions obtained by these two approaches are almost identical. The verified methodology is further extended for the time‐periodic nonsinusoidal BCs. The ease of implementation and simplicity of the new methodology for both sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal BCs is demonstrated using a few test cases. It is evident from the results that the developed methodology leads to an efficient and accurate solution.
Pore‐scale simulation of the influence of temperature on particle motion based on LBM‐IBM‐DEM method
Authors: Lu Taijia , Xue Fangling , Chen Yu , Zhou Yanjie , Gong Yanfeng , Chen Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvestigation on the depositional characteristics of suspended particles in porous media is crucial to prevent groundwater artificial recharge blockage. In this study, first, particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology was used to extract a 2D porous media skeleton structure formed by spherical superabsorbent resin particles. Second, based on the temperature influence analysis on the physical–chemical properties (including fluid viscosity, relative dielectric constant and zeta potential of solid surface), the Lattice Boltzmann Method‐Immersed Moving Boundary‐Discrete Element Method (LBM‐IBM‐DEM) coupling model was used to simulate suspended particle motion in porous media. The relationships between the suspended particle motion states, stable deposition forms, suspended particle spatial distribution and the collaborative influence of pressure difference, particle size and temperature are innovatively revealed. The results are as follows: (1) In the ‘first temperature effect range’, the suspended particles change in two states of detachment after adsorption and stable deposition. In the ‘second temperature effect range’, the suspended particles change in two states of stable deposition and migration. (2) The non‐uniformity of suspended particle spatial distribution in porous medium increases with the increasing of particle size and the decreasing of pressure difference. However, the temperature effect on suspended particle spatial distribution is weak. (3) Influence weights of pressure difference, particle size and temperature on the suspended particle motion are 2.92, 1.04 and 0.8, respectively.
Reducing the spread of COVID‐19 in road traffic control in Cameroon based on ICT
Authors: Abessolo Alo'o Ghislain , Olle Olle Daniel Georges , Mani Onana Flavien Serge , Enaw Ebot Ebot , Roger Atsa Etoundi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus outbreak was declared a pandemic in 2019, a once‐in‐a‐lifetime event that tested the limits of humanity. The number 2019 is a memorable year that the entire humanity will hardly forget as the world had fitted against this virus. The pandemic has so far changed the habits of people all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a list of barrier measures that have been implemented and are still effective in several countries. Among these measures, social distancing remains the most important. It requires people to avoid physical contact and not to exchange possessions. However, during road checks in Cameroon, police officers usually check passengers by asking them to show their national identity card. After receiving the ID card, a police officer checks the information on the card and returns it to the holder at the end of the check. This process goes beyond the new regulation and contributes to the spread of the Covid'19 virus. This paper considers this issue as an engineering problem and proposes a new approach based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to carry out the road traffic control activities. An automatic control system is proposed. It has two main functionalities namely the positioning subsystem and the Data collection subsystem. The positioning subsystem allows the road traffic controller in defining the right position where he/she should stand to collect information from passengers while the data collection subsystem collects data from the ID card presented by each passenger in the car. This approach was tested at police checkpoints on the Douala‐Yaoundé road in Cameroon and the results showed a reduction in COVID‐19 cases related to document handling between police and passengers/drivers.