bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress on Single‐Atom Photocatalysts for H2 Generation: Material Design, Catalytic Mechanism, and Perspectives
Authors: Lu Lu , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Lu Qiuyang , Chen Baian , Chan Cheuk Hei , Wong Hon Ho , Huang Bolong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolar energy utilization is of great significance to current challenges of the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which benefit the development of the global community to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Hydrogen energy is also treated as a good candidate for future energy supply since its combustion not only supplies high‐density energy but also shows no pollution gas. In particular, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing research as a promising method for H2 production. Recently, single‐atom (SA) photocatalysts have been proposed as a potential solution to improve catalytic efficiency and lower the costs of photocatalytic water splitting for H2 generation. Owing to the maximized atom utilization rate, abundant surface active sites, and tunable coordination environment, SA photocatalysts have achieved significant progress. This review reviews developments of advanced SA photocatalysts for H2 generation regarding the different support materials. The recent progress of titanium dioxide, metal–organic frameworks, two‐dimensional carbon materials, and red phosphorus supported SA photocatalysts are carefully discussed. In particular, the material designs, reaction mechanisms, modulation strategies, and perspectives are highlighted for realizing improved solar‐to‐energy efficiency and H2 generation rate. This work will supply significant references for future design and synthesis of advanced SA photocatalysts.
Advanced Materials and Delivery Systems for Enhancement of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells
Authors: Li Tingxuan , Luo Ran , Su Lina , Lv Feng , Mei Lin , Yu Yongkang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy is a great success and breakthrough in immunotherapy. However, there are still lots of barriers to its wide use in clinical, including long time consumption, high cost, and failure against solid tumors. For these challenges, researches are deplored to explore CAR cells to more appliable products in clinical. This minireview focuses on the advanced non‐viral materials for CAR‐T transfection ex vivo with better performance, delivery systems combined with other therapy for enhancement of CAR‐T therapy in solid tumors. In addition, the targeted delivery platform for CAR cells in vivo generation as a breakthrough technology as its low cost and convenience. In the end, the prospective direction and future of CAR cell therapy are discussed.
Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a reacting hybrid nanofluid in a porous wavy‐walled cavity
Authors: Roy Nepal Chandra , Monira Sherajum 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNatural convection of a chemically reacting hybrid nanofluid in a closed wavy‐walled cavity embedded in a porous medium is investigated with an inclined magnetic field. The left wall of the cavity is assumed to be wavy and the walls are maintained at the surrounding temperature. Governing equations are transformed into dimensionless equations which are solved using the finite difference method. To validate the solving procedure, a grid sensitivity test and a comparison with published results have been carried out. Streamlines, isotherms, and isolines of concentration are discussed for varying Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), Frank‐Kamenetskii number (Fk), Darcy number (Da), combined buoyancy parameter (N), and nanoparticle volume fractions (φ1 and φ2). Streamlines show clockwise and anticlockwise vortices irrespective of the parameters. For Fk = 0.5, the maximum stream function (ψmax) is 0.64 and the maximum temperature (θmax) is 0.20 while for Fk = 2, ψmax and θmax are 4.08 and 1.36, respectively. Besides, for Ha = 0, ψmax and θmax are 1.61 and 0.379, however, for Ha = 100, ψmax is 0.90 and θmax is 0.377. Maximum temperature is increased with an increase in Ra, N, and Fk, whereas it is decreased with the augmentation of Ha and Da. Isolines of concentration show reverse characteristics of temperature. An increase in Ra, Da, and Fk enhances the intensity of streamlines but the opposite is observed for higher Ha, N and volume fractions. Moreover, the eyes of the vortices are distorted in the direction of the magnetic field.
Quails
Authors: Downey Michelle C. , Hernández Fidel , Bristow Kirby D. , Cardinal Casey J. , Cline Mikal L. , Kuvlesky William P. , Miller Katherine S. , Montalvo Andrea B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSix species of quails occur on western United States (U.S.) rangelands: northern bobwhite, scaled quail, Gambel’s quail, California quail, Montezuma quail, and mountain quail. These quails are found across a variety of vegetation types ranging from grasslands to mountain shrublands to coniferous woodlands. Given their ecological importance and gamebird status, there is considerable conservation, management, and research interest by ecologists and the public. Western quails in general are r-selected species whose populations are strongly influenced by weather. Based on Breeding Bird Survey data, 3 species are declining (northern bobwhite, scaled quail, and mountain quail), 2 species have inconclusive data (Gambel’s quail and Montezuma quail), and 1 species is increasing (California quail). Grazing represents a valuable practice that can be used to create or maintain quail habitat on western rangelands if applied appropriately for a given species, site productivity, and prevailing climate. Invasive, nonnative grasses represent a notable threat to quails and their habitat given the negative influence that nonnative grasses have on the taxon. Numerous conservation programs exist for public and privately-owned rangelands with potential to create thousands of hectares of habitat for western quails. Although the taxon is relatively well-studied as a group, additional research is needed to quantify the cumulative impact of climate change, landscape alterations, and demographic processes on quail-population viability. In addition, research on quail response to rangeland-management practices is limited in scope (only 1–2 species) and geographic extent (mostly Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico) and warrants further investigation.
Waterfowl and Wetland Birds
Authors: Vest Josh L. , Haukos David A. , Niemuth Neal D. , Setash Casey M. , Gammonley James H. , Devries James H. , Dahlgren David K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe future of wetland bird habitat and populations is intrinsically connected with the conservation of rangelands in North America. Many rangeland watersheds are source drainage for some of the highest functioning extant wetlands. The Central and Pacific Flyways have significant overlap with available rangelands in western North America. Within these flyways, the importance of rangeland management has become increasingly recognized by those involved in wetland bird conservation. Within the array of wetland bird species, seasonal habitat needs are highly variable. During the breeding period, nest survival is one of the most important drivers of population growth for many wetland bird species and rangelands often provide quality nesting cover. Throughout spring and fall, rangeland wetlands provide key forage resources that support energetic demands needed for migration. In some areas, stock ponds developed for livestock water provide migration stopover and wintering habitat, especially in times of water scarcity. In the Intermountain West, drought combined with water demands from agriculture and human population growth are likely headed to an ecological tipping point for wetland birds and their habitat in the region. In the Prairie Pothole Region, conversion of rangeland and draining of wetlands for increased crop production remains a significant conservation issue for wetland birds and other wildlife. In landscapes dominated by agricultural production, rangelands provide some of the highest value ecosystem services, including water quality and wetland function. Recent research has shown livestock grazing, if managed properly, is compatible and at times beneficial to wetland bird habitat needs. Either directly, or indirectly, wetland bird populations and their habitat needs are supported by healthy rangelands. In the future, rangeland and wetland bird managers will benefit from increased collaboration to aid in meeting ultimate conservation objectives.
White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Fulbright Timothy E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhite-tailed deer are geographically widespread and occupy a variety of ecosystems from semi-desert shrubland and grasslands to forests. They have a relatively high reproductive potential but recruitment may be limited in semiarid rangelands where annual variation in precipitation is high. They eat browse and forbs but mast may seasonally comprise most of the diet. White-tailed deer select areas with a mixture of woody vegetation and areas dominated by herbaceous vegetation. They use woody vegetation for cover and often forage in adjacent herbaceous-dominated areas. They are highly adaptable and can adjust to changes in vegetation resulting from rangeland management practices; however, excessive grazing reduces habitat quality. Brush management minimally affects white-tailed deer and their habitat when adequate resources such as thermal cover, hiding cover, and browse-and-mast-producing vegetation remain on the landscape. Empirical evidence that creating mosaics of herbaceous-dominated foraging patches and woody cover improves demographics or productivity is equivocal; however, managing for increased spatial heterogeneity in vegetation may increase fawn survival. Chronic wasting disease is a major threat to white-tailed deer populations. White-tailed deer use behavioral adaptations to reduce excessive heat loads resulting from climate change in the southern part of their range. Paradoxically, populations are expanding in the northern part of their range in part because of milder winters. Hunting is the primary tool to manage white-tailed deer populations. Combining recreational hunting with livestock production increases revenue for ranchers. Ironically, white-tailed deer are often a nuisance in eastern forests, but they can be an economically important asset on rangelands.
Feral Equids
Authors: Petersen Steven L. , Scasta J. Derek , Schoenecker Kathryn A. , Hennig Jacob D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFeral horses (Equus ferus caballus) and burros (E. asinus) in North America, often referred to as free-roaming, free-ranging, or wild horses and burros, are introduced species that are currently increasing in arid and semi-arid rangelands. They differ from all other North American mammals by being the only feral species protected by federal law. These equids inhabit areas featuring rough topography, limited net primary productivity, and extreme weather conditions, and have potential to cause long-term ecosystem impacts. In this chapter, we review the historical and modern context of feral equids on North American rangelands including their evolutionary past and introduction to the continent, their relationships to the environment, and challenges associated with their management. The management of feral equids is perhaps more scrutinized than any other species because their legal status, body size, physiology, foraging patterns, and local abundance directly interacts and competes with rangeland resource quality, impacts native wildlife populations, and conflicts with the multiple-uses of the land that they inhabit.
Bighorn Sheep and Mountain Goats
Authors: Whiting Jericho C. , Bleich Vernon C. , Bowyer R. Terry , Manlove Kezia , White Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and to a lesser extent mountain goats (Oreamanos americanus), historically occupied much of the mountainous rangelands of western North America. Both ungulates inhabit rugged terrain and feed on grasses, forbs, and browse. Bighorn sheep and mountain goats are widely recognized for their consumptive and non-consumptive value. Indigenous peoples valued these species for cultural and subsistence purposes. Populations of these ungulates have declined since the latter part of the nineteenth century—for mountain goats, this decline has occurred particularly in the southern portion of their distribution. Historical declines have been attributed to unregulated harvest, habitat loss, competition with non-native ungulates, and disease contracted from domestic livestock. Regulated hunting has played an important role in the conservation of bighorn sheep, and recent reintroductions of these ungulates have bolstered current populations in rangelands of western North America. Although competition for habitat is minimal for bighorn sheep and mountain goats with domestic livestock (compared with other wild ruminants or feral equids), diseases of domestic sheep and domestic or exotic goats have long posed challenges to the conservation of bighorn sheep. In parts of their distributions, mountain goats and bighorn sheep are sympatric, and both species may encounter domestic livestock on grazing allotments on public or private rangelands. If management of bighorn sheep and mountain goats is the goal, spatial and temporal separation is recommended between these species and domestic sheep and goats; doing so will improve the conservation of populations of bighorn sheep and mountain goats and their habitat on rangelands of western North America.
Wildlife, Rural Communities, and the Rangeland Livelihoods They Share: Opportunities in a Diverse Economies Approach
Authors: Haggerty Julia Hobson , Epstein Kathleen , Bennett Drew E. , Milton Bill , Nowlin Laura , Martin Brian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBecause rangeland ecosystems and the wildlife they support are integral to rural economies, understanding economic trends in rangeland regions is a valuable contribution to wildlife management. This chapter reflects on and synthesizes the experiences of a group of academic and practitioner collaborators working to balance the needs of wildlife and rural ranching communities in a priority conservation region, the central Montana portion of the Northern Great Plains. The chapter summarizes both the challenges facing ranching economies and policy and market strategies available to encourage conservation by private landowners. Its main emphasis, however, is to invite readers into a different kind of conversation about wildlife conservation’s role in rangeland economies and livelihoods. The chapter introduces the concept of diverse economies, a way of understanding the economy through social relationships as opposed to merely the exchange of money, with a brief summary of its origins and perspective. It then draws on the theory and practice of diverse economies to map relationships and activities at the intersection of rangeland conservation and community development in central Montana. In emphasizing the diversity of practices that make up “the economy” and the intimate intertwining of the economy with ecologies, diverse economies thinking opens up space to approach the complex ways that the livelihoods of rural residents and rangeland wildlife overlap and the search for adaptive solutions to conservation challenges.
Choose Your Colour: Tree Interpolation for Quantified Formulas in SMT
Authors: Henkel Elisabeth , Hoenicke Jochen , Schindler Tanja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a generic tree-interpolation algorithm in the SMT context with quantifiers. The algorithm takes a proof of unsatisfiability using resolution and quantifier instantiation and computes interpolants (which may contain quantifiers). Arbitrary SMT theories are supported, as long as each theory itself supports tree interpolation for its lemmas. In particular, we show this for the theory combination of equality with uninterpreted functions and linear arithmetic. The interpolants can be tweaked by virtually assigning each literal in the proof to interpolation partitions (colouring the literals) in arbitrary ways. The algorithm is implemented in SMTInterpol.
Program Synthesis in Saturation
Authors: Hozzová Petra , Kovács Laura , Norman Chase , Voronkov Andrei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present an automated reasoning framework for synthesizing recursion-free programs using saturation-based theorem proving. Given a functional specification encoded as a first-order logical formula, we use a first-order theorem prover to both establish validity of this formula and discover program fragments satisfying the specification. As a result, when deriving a proof of program correctness, we also synthesize a program that is correct with respect to the given specification. We describe properties of the calculus that a saturation-based prover capable of synthesis should employ, and extend the superposition calculus in a corresponding way. We implemented our work in the first-order prover Vampire, extending the successful applicability of first-order proving to program synthesis.
An Experimental Pipeline for Automated Reasoning in Natural Language (Short Paper)
Authors: Tammet Tanel , Järv Priit , Verrev Martin , Draheim Dirk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe describe an experimental implementation of a logic-based end-to-end pipeline of performing inference and giving explained answers to questions posed in natural language. The main components of the pipeline are semantic parsing, integration with large knowledge bases, automated reasoning using extended first order logic, and finally the translation of proofs back to natural language. While able to answer relatively simple questions on its own, the implementation is targeting research into building hybrid neurosymbolic systems for gaining trustworthiness and explainability. The end goal is to combine machine learning and large language models with the components of the implementation and to use the automated reasoner as an interface between natural language and external tools like database systems and scientific calculations.
An Isabelle/HOL Formalization of the SCL(FOL) Calculus
Authors: Bromberger Martin , Desharnais Martin , Weidenbach Christoph 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present an Isabelle/HOL formalization of Simple Clause Learning for first-order logic without equality: SCL(FOL). The main results are formal proofs of soundness, non-redundancy of learned clauses, termination, and refutational completeness. Compared to the unformalized version, the formalized calculus is simpler and more general, some results such as non-redundancy are stronger and some results such as non-subsumption are new. We found one bug in a previously published version of the SCL Backtrack rule. Compared to related formalizations, we introduce a new technique for showing termination based on non-redundant clause learning.
Formal Reasoning About Influence in Natural Sciences Experiments
Authors: Bruse Florian , Lange Martin , Möller Sören 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a simple calculus for deriving statements about the local behaviour of partial, continuous functions over the reals, within a collection of such functions associated with the elements of a finite partial order. We show that the calculus is sound in general and complete for particular partial orders and statements. The motivation for this work is drawn from an attempt to foster digitalisation in secondary-eduction classrooms, in particular in experimental lessons in natural science classes. This provides a way to formally model experiments and to automatically derive the truth of hypotheses made about certain phenomena in such experiments.
Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures (PEPS): Preliminary Results from Two English Case Studies
Authors: Wilkie Simeon , Farrell David , Lauder Nicola , Goncalves Ana Paula Arato 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe development of reinforced concrete through the 20th century has resulted in a wealth of historically and culturally significant concrete structures around the world. However, the durability and deterioration mechanisms of this new material were not well understood and, as a result, many historic reinforced concrete structures require ongoing maintenance and repair. Patch repairs are common during repair campaigns. However, balancing traditional conservation principles, such as minimal intervention and retreatability, with the best practices of contemporary concrete repair and the need to provide repairs which do not affect the historic aesthetic of the structure can be challenging. Three institutions, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), Historic England (HE) and Laboratoire de Recherche des Monuments Historiques (LRMH) are collaborating on the research project, ‘the Performance Evaluation of Patch Repairs on Historic Concrete Structures (PEPS)’, which aims to provide guidance on this issue. Over the course of the project, historic structures in the USA, France and England, which have been repaired previously have been assessed. This paper presents a comparison of the preliminary results from two case studies from England and discusses the different repair approaches that were implemented.
Individuelle gesundheitsrelevante Umweltexpositionen im Rad- und Fußverkehr – Trends, Auswirkungen und eine Fallstudie zu Resilienz gegenüber Umweltstressoren
Authors: Helbig Carolin , Becker Anna Maria , Haufer Anna-Lena , Masson Torsten , Mohamdeen Abdelrhman , Schlink Uwe 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungUrbane Räume sind Hotspots für Umweltbelastungen wie Lärm, Luftverschmutzung und Hitze, welche die Gesundheit der Menschen in der Stadt beeinträchtigen und räumlich und zeitlich stark kontextabhängig verteilt sind. Intelligente und von Bewohner*innen nutzbare Methoden zur Anpassung und Vermeidung gesundheitsschädlicher Expositionen verbessern die Resilienz einer Stadt und werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt und bewertet. Mobile, personengetragene Sensoren ermöglichen die Messung der genannten Stressoren für Einzelpersonen. Diese Umweltdaten eröffnen Wege für eine flexible persönliche Anpassung an ein sich veränderndes Stadtklima, für die Identifizierung von Hotspots urbaner Schadstoffe und für die Verbesserung urbaner Strukturen.
Die Wärmewende kommunal gestalten. Potenziale und Probleme des Quartiersansatzes am Beispiel Leipzigs
Authors: Büttner Leonie , Rink Dieter 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie kommunale Wärmewende ist ein entscheidender Baustein für das Gelingen der Energiewende und die Steigerung der Resilienz von Städten. Sie erfordert eine drastische Reduzierung des Wärmebedarfs der Gebäude und die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien für den verbleibenden Wärmebedarf. Die hier untersuchte Stadt Leipzig versucht die Wärmewende über energetische Sanierungsquartiere anzugehen. Beispielhaft, anhand von zwei Bestandsquartieren, werden Potenziale und Probleme des Quartiersansatzes diskutiert.
Wenn die Existenz auf dem Spiel steht – Zum Umgang mit Krisen auf Quartiersebene am Beispiel von Großwohnsiedlungen
Authors: Kabisch Sigrun , Pößneck Janine 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungQuartiere in ihrer Resilienz zu stärken bedeutet, sie in ihrer Robustheit und Anpassungsfähigkeit für das Überwinden von Krisen und Katastrophen zu ertüchtigen. Die Erfassung von Veränderungen und ihrer Ursachen im zeitlichen Verlauf und im räumlichen Kontext ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um Stresssituationen früh zu erkennen und eine entsprechende Gegensteuerung einzuleiten. In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage diskutiert, ob Krisen wie extreme Schrumpfung die quartiersbezogene Resilienz so beeinträchtigen können, dass die weitere Existenz von Quartieren oder deren Teilräumen auf dem Spiel steht („Quartiere auf Zeit“). Besondere Beachtung erfahren Großwohnsiedlungen mit Schrumpfungserfahrungen, darunter Leipzig-Grünau.