bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ionizing photon production efficiency of bright z ∼ 2 − 5 galaxies
Authors: Castellano M. , Belfiori D. , Pentericci L. , Calabrò A. , Mascia S. , Napolitano L. , Caro F. , Charlot S. , Chevallard J. , Curtis Lake E. , Talia M. , Bongiorno A. , Fontana A. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Garilli B. , Guaita L. , McLure R. J. , Merlin E. , Mignoli M. , Moresco M. , Pompei E. , Pozzetti L. , Saldana Lopez A. , Saxena A. , Santini P. , Schaerer D. , Schreiber C. , Shapley A. E. , Vanzella E. , Zamorani G. 
Published: June 2023

Aims. We investigate the production efficiency of ionizing photons (ξion∗) of 1174 galaxies with secure redshift at z = 2 − 5 from the VANDELS survey to determine the relation between ionizing emission and physical properties of bright and massive sources.
Methods. We constrained ξion∗ and galaxy physical parameters by means of spectrophotometric fits performed with the BEAGLE code. The analysis exploits the multi-band photometry in the VANDELS fields and the measurement of UV rest-frame emission lines (CIII]λ1909, HeIIλ1640, and OIII]λ1666) from deep VIMOS spectra.
Results. We find no clear evolution of ξion∗ with redshift within the probed range. The ionizing efficiency slightly increases at fainter MUV and bluer UV slopes, but these trends are less evident when the analysis is restricted to a complete subsample at log(Mstar/M⊙) > 9.5. We find a significant trend of increasing ξion∗ with increasing EW(Lyα), with an average log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1) > 25 at EW > 50 Å and a higher ionizing efficiency for high-EW CIII]λ1909 and OIII]λ1666 emitters. The most significant correlations are found with respect to stellar mass, specific star formation rate (sSFR), and SFR surface density (ΣSFR). The relation between ξion∗ and sSFR increases monotonically from log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1)∼24.5 at log(sSFR) ∼ −9.5 yr−1 to ∼25.5 at log(sSFR) ∼ −7.5 yr−1. This relation has a low scatter and only a weak dependence on mass. The objects above the main sequence of star formation consistently have higher than average ξion∗. A clear increase in ξion∗ with ΣSFR is also found, with log(ξion∗/Hz erg−1) > 25 for objects at ΣSFR > 10 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2.
Conclusions. Bright (MUV ≲ 20) and massive (log(Mstar/M⊙)≳9.5) galaxies at z = 2 − 5 have a moderate ionizing efficiency. However, the correlation between ξion∗ and sSFR, together with the known increase in the average sSFR with redshift at fixed stellar mass, suggests that similar galaxies in the epoch of reionization can be efficient sources of ionizing photons. The availability of sSFR and ΣSFR as proxies for ξion∗ can be fundamentally important in determining the role of galaxy populations at z ≳ 10 that were recently discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope in the onset of reionization.
The Enigma of Basilar Artery Dissections Secondary to Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Exploration of the Unknown Effect of Superior Cervical Ganglia: A Preliminary Experimental Study
Authors: Zeynal Mete , Sahin Mehmet Hakan , Kanat Ayhan , Karadag Mehmet Kursat , Sipal Sare , Ergene Saban , Aydin Mehmet Dumlu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Life-threatening basilar artery dissection (BAD) can be seen following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but it is not clear whether SAH causes dissection, or not. This study aims to investigate the relationship between degenerative changes in the superior cervical ganglia and the dissection rate of the basilar artery.
Method In this study, after 3 weeks of experimental SAH, animals were decapitated. Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups according to their vasospasm indices. The basilar arteries were examined by anatomical and histopathologic methods.
Results Basilar dissection with high vasospasm index (VSI) value (VSI > 3) was detected in six animals (group I); severe basilar edema and moderate VSI value (>2.4) were detected in seven rabbits (group II); and slight VSI value (<1.5) was detected in five subjects (group III). The degenerated neuron densities of the superior cervical ganglia were 12 ± 4 n/mm3 in group I, 41 ± 8 n/mm3 in group II, and 276 ± 78 n/mm3 in group III. The dissected surface values/lumen values were calculated as (42 ± 1)/(64 ± 11) in G-I, (21 ± 6)/(89 ± 17) in group II, and (3 ± 1)/(102 ± 24) in group III. If we look at these ratios as a percentage, it was 62% in group I, 23% in group II, and 5% in group III.
Conclusion Inverse relationship between the degenerated neuron densities of the superior cervical ganglia and the dissected surface values of the basilar artery was observed. Common knowledge is that BAD may lead to SAH; however, this study indicates that SAH is the cause of BAD.
Intracranial Hypotension Syndrome after Lumbar Drainage in Skull Base Surgery: Diagnosis and Correct Management
Authors: Baram Ali , Zaed Ismail , Safa Adrian , Robertis Mario De , Lasio Giovanni , Maira Giulio , Cannizzaro Delia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLumbar drainage is commonly used in skull base surgery; however, very few cases of intracranial hypotension syndrome are reported to be caused by this procedure. We present a clinical case of lumbar drainage–assisted orbital and optic canal decompression surgery for a recurrent voluminous spheno-orbital meningioma, together with a literature review. A 49-year-old woman became confused and drowsy on postoperative day 3, after initially experiencing neurologic stability. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed extradural frontotemporal fluid collection with moderate right to left midline shift. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed signs of intracranial hypotension, such as brain sagging and diffuse dural contrast enhancement. Conservative treatment with bed rest, aggressive hydration, steroids, and aminophylline led to progressive neurologic improvement. A systematic literature review was also performed, and previous reported cases were analyzed. Overall, neurosurgeons must be aware of the lumbar drainage–induced hypotension syndrome in skull base surgeries, because immediate diagnosis is essential for therapeutic decision-making. In this setting, conservative management is the first-line treatment as surgery may lead to severe complications.
A more perfect dissolution
Authors: Michiels Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Samuel D. Hunter’s 2019 play Greater Clements is named after a fictional former mining town in Northern Idaho, which straddles the space between presence and absence. The locals have decided to put an end to a dispute with the Californian second-homers that have flocked to town in recent years, by voting to unincorporate. Hunter has indicated that the play relies heavily on the “toxicity of nostalgia”, on which the present essay concentrates. This article explores nostalgia as connected to two marginalised communities in Greater Clements: the miners, now out of work due to the effects of deindustrialisation, and the town’s Japanese American residents, who are still reeling from the trauma of wartime internment.
A terahertz metamaterial sensor with high-sensitivity based on electromagnetically induced transparency effect
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Yun , Li Haodong , Rong Miaoxin , Dong Liang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we design an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect based on a metamaterial sensor composed of three split-ring structures in the terahertz range. The EIT transparency window appears at 1.83 THz due to the electromagnetic coupling between the three split-rings. To analyze its physical mechanism, we use the ‘two-particle’ model and obtain good consistency between the simulation and theoretical results. The simulation results also show that when the thickness of the measured object is 15 μm and the refractive index is between 1 and 1.5, the refractive index sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 423.9 GHz RIU−1, and the figure of merit value is 6.9. In addition, the sensor is used to simulate the detection and distinction of different types of microbiota. We expect that this work will pave the way for designing high-sensitivity EIT sensors in the terahertz region and promote the development of terahertz sensing and label-free detection of pathogens.
Solving bound state equation for scalar and hybrid QCD in two-dimensional spacetime
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Jia Yu 贾宇 , Li Ying 李营 , Mo Zhewen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigate the bound-state equations in two-dimensional QCD in the $N_c\to \infty$ limit. We consider two types of hadrons, an exotic ``meson" (which is composed of a bosonic quark and a bosonic anti-quark), and an exotic ``baryon" (composed of a fermionic quark and a bosonic antiquark). Using the operator approach, we derive the corresponding bound-state equations for both types of hadrons from the perspectives of light-front quantization and equal-time quantization and confirm the known results. We also present a novel diagrammatic derivation for the exotic meson bound-state equation in the equal-time quantization.Our bound-state equation for the exotic baryons in the equal-time quantization is new. We also numerically solve various bound-state equations, obtain the hadron spectrum and the bound-state wave functions of the lowest-lying states. We explicitly demonstrate the pattern that as the hadron is boosted to infinite-momentum frame, the forward-moving bound-state wave function approach the light-front wave function. &#xD;Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Algebraic methods for reconstruction of coordinates in strip detectors
Authors: Smirnov Igor B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many types of detectors, such as cathode strip chambers and some MPGDs, allow us to
reconstruct track positions by induced strip charges. There are two main types of algebraic
methods for this reconstruction: center of gravity methods and little-known differential methods.
General formulas for differential methods are derived. Their performance is compared with the
performance of center of gravity methods. It is shown that the differential methods are better
than the previously known center of gravity methods, but the improved center of gravity methods
provide results similar to the results of differential methods.
Effect of multiple discharges on accumulated damage to the DLC anode layer of a resistive Well Electron Multiplier
Authors: Bayev V. , Afanaciev K. , Movchan S. , Kashchuk A. , Levitskaya O. , Akulich V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A prototype of the WEM (Well Electron Multiplier) detector with an active area of 10 × 10 mm2 and a resistive DLC anode was tested in terms of robustness to electrical discharges induced by highly ionizing particles (241Am alpha source). The perforated structure of the WEM detector was produced from a 500 μm thick FR4 with drilled holes of 200 μm in diameter and 500 μm in pitch. The resistive anode was made of 100 nm thick DLC layer with 30 MOhm/square sheet resistance deposited on the anode grid electrode. The anode grid electrode is used to distribute voltage to the resistive layer and provide fast charge evacuation. The detector was operated in Ar:CO2 (90:10) gas mixture at gas gain of 3,500. The alpha source was placed in the drift gap. The WEM detector with intrinsic capacitance of 34 pF did not show visible damage and changes in performance after 1 million accumulated discharges. To simulate a large area detector, we added a capacitance up to 1 nF in parallel with the test device. The results of the experiments with an additional capacitance revealed that a small WEM prototype can't be directly scaled to the dimensions more than 60 × 60 mm2 without losing the robustness to discharges. We assume that the observed damage could be caused by the design features of the prototype. The grid anode electrode with a thickness of 35 μm results in a gap between the perforated FR4 board and the resistive anode board. Simulations of the electric field distribution with Comsol Multiphysics software revealed a significant electric field strength in this gap. This could lead to electric discharge path bypassing the protective resistive DLC layer. A possible solution to this problem could be additional insulation of the anode grid electrode with a coverlay similar to that used in bulk MicroMegas production.
Stability Analysis of Toll Road Embankment Induced by Liquefaction In Klaten Regency Based On FEM Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hasiholan F , Ismanti S , Rifa’i A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The construction of toll roads in Klaten Regency supports community connectivity in increasing economic growth and accessibility to tourist areas around the southern part of Java Island. The location of this study is in Polanharjo District, Klaten Regency. The study area has geological conditions, sandy volcanic ash, and shallow groundwater levels and is accompanied by a history of earthquakes that have occurred greater than Mw. 5.0. These three things are triggers for liquefaction. This study discusses the stability analysis of toll road embankments at the STA. 10+724 on the construction of the Solo - Yogyakarta - YIA Kulon Progo Toll Road due to the potential for liquefaction reaching 14 meters. The road embankment construction is placed on the ground surface, which has the potential for liquefaction with a height of up to 5 meters. Calculate the safety factor using the numerical simulation finite element (Plaxis v.8.2 software) with static and pseudostatic analysis. Numerical calculations show that the stability analysis of toll road embankments placed on the ground with the liquefaction potential is still safe for construction with a safety factor on the static analysis (SF: 1.989 > 1.5) and pseudostatic analysis (SF: 1.912 > 1.1).
Influence of Groundwater Table Fluctuation on Liquefaction Potential Analysis Using Cyclic Stress Approach
Authors: Dwiyantoro W , Fathani T F , Adi A D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In addition to earthquakes, groundwater table (GWT) also contributes to uncertainty in liquefaction analysis, so it needs to be considered. This research was conducted by analyzing the liquefaction potential with a cyclic stress approach using standard penetration test data and cone penetration test data with varied GWT in a case study of building design in Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. The liquefaction safety factor (FS
L
) was calculated to obtain the liquefaction potential index (LPI) and liquefaction severity index (LSI). Based on the survey results, the GWT ranges from -6 m to -8 m. Referring to the FS
L
, there are several soil layers that have liquefaction potential at all GWT variations. The shallower the GWT, the greater the LPI and LSI values at the same point will be. Changes in GWT from -8 m to -6 m cause changes in the LPI and LSI classifications at several points. Based on LPI classification, the location belongs to high to very high category at -8 m and -7 m GWT and very high category at -6 m GWT. Based on LSI classification, the location belongs to low category at -8 m GWT, and low to moderate category at -7 m and -6 m GWT.
Integrating Fine Ceramic Tile Aggregates in Concrete Hollow Blocks
Authors: Ramirez J , Remolisan C , Coscos MJ , Canseco-Tuñacao HA 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fine ceramic tile aggregates (CTA), specifically floor and wall tiles, as a replacement for fine aggregates in non-load bearing Concrete Hollow Block’s (CHB) fresh and hardened properties. The experimental design of this study performed was in line with the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard procedure. Results for the workability of CHB with CTA showed comparable behavior to the control mix, which ranged between low to medium slump values (49 mm-59 mm). Specimens with CTA are characterized by higher water absorption and lesser density and moisture content. All the CHB with CTA replacement yielded higher compressive strength than the control mix. The 30% CTA substitution gained the highest compressive strength of 3.20 MPa (462.12 psi) for 28-days of curing. Overall, the physical and mechanical qualities of the samples with CTA percentage performed better than the control mix.
Coconut Shell Ash as Partial Substitute to Cement in Concrete Hollow Blocks
Authors: Lumbab J S , Bongo J , Moralde R M , Villaceran G I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to heightened demand for construction materials and environmental crisis, this study presents an alternative to cement using upcycled agricultural waste to help the construction industry and address environmental issues. The study focuses on substituting cement in concrete hollow blocks with coconut shell ash at 0, 10, 20, and 30 percent replacement. Four-inch width specimens are fabricated after slump test and underwent compressive strength and water absorption tests at 7, 14, and 28 curing periods. These are some of the insights of the study: (a) slump height of CHB with 30% substitution is the lowest at 4 mm, (b) the 10% CSA performed well among CHB with CSA gaining 3.7454 MPa, and (c) CSA decreased the water absorption to up to 4.6% at 20% replacement and moisture content to a value of 18.22% at 30% substitution after 28 days curing.
The Effect of Natrium Hydroxide Molarity Variation and Alkali Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Paste and Mortar
Authors: Mariamah  , Chairunnisa Nursiah , Nurwidayati Ratni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Geopolymers have great potential to replace conventional cementitious materials and are classified as green materials. Their main constituents are silica (Si) and aluminum (Al), which can be found in the fly ash material from industrial processes of the PLTU. The parameters that affect the strength of the concrete are influenced by the molarity of natrium hydroxide and the ratio of alkalis (NaOH/Na2SiO3). This study examined the characteristics of the geopolymer paste and mortar specimens. Furthermore, mixture composition was carried out using the weight ratio method. The mortar produced consists of 65% fine aggregate and 35% paste, while the pasta contains 60% fly ash and 40% alkaline solution. The molarities of NaOH used were 8M, 10M, 12M, and 14M with a base ratio of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 Na2SiO3/NaOH. The curing of specimens was carried out with the humid temperature method. The results showed that the highest compressive strength of geopolymer paste and mortar was obtained at 12M NaOH molarity with an alkaline ratio of 2.5, namely 12.59 MPa and 21.75 MPa at 28 days, respectively. NaOH of more than 12M can cause a decrease, while the base ratio of 2.5 has the highest strength. The results also showed that the higher the molarity of NaOH and the greater the alkaline ratios, the longer the setting time.
Arthroscopic management of large subchondral talar cyst: a novel treatment strategy
Authors: Dahiya Rohan , Sundarapandian Rajkumar , Nair Abhinav , Pillai Anand 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Subchondroplasty is a novel and minimally invasive technique used to treat large subchondral talar cysts. It avoids soft tissue scarring, the need for osteotomies, bone grafting and its associated complications as seen with conventional approaches. Subchondroplasty involves arthroscopically approaching the cyst and injecting it with calcium phosphate paste injection, which undergoes an endothermic process and crystallizes in a manner that resembles cancellous bone to fill the defect. This case series presents two patients who underwent subchondroplasty: a 44-year-old female nurse with atraumatic right ankle pain of 2 years with a CT scan revealing a large subchondral cyst over the medial talar dome and a 55-year-old male chemical plant worker with left ankle pain following a biking accident 6 years ago whose CT scan too showed a large subchondral cyst in the medial talus. Both tolerated the surgery well, with significant reductions noted in MOXFQ scores at the 1-year follow-up.
Climate Security Connects Fragile and Strong States via Cascading Effects: A Review Article
Authors: Kivimaa Paula 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During the ongoing decade, the importance of security as a topic has heightened, not least because of the health and broader implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian attack on Ukraine. We have also seen a rapid acceleration in extreme weather events influenced by climate change, including forest fires in Australia, the United States, and Europe; severe flooding in many parts of the world; and extreme heat waves in, for instance, India and Pakistan. These demonstrate how climate change is also increasingly a matter of human and national security. Therefore, climate change as a policy issue and a political topic reaches beyond the remit of sectoral climate or environmental policy. It should be seen as a horizontal cross-government policy area that increasingly affects the security of the whole society.
Bidirectional understanding and cooperation: interbrain neural synchronization during social navigation
Authors: Zhou Song , Yang Huaqi , Yang Haibo , Liu Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The complexity of the environment requires humans to solve problems collaboratively. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural mechanism of social navigation in group problem-solving situations. A novel cooperative task was designed in which dyadic participants assumed the role of an operator or a navigator with different skills and knowledge and worked together to complete the task. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy–based hyperscanning, we found stronger interbrain neural synchronization of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) between dyads when the operator received instructions from the navigator rather than from a computer. The functional connections between the rTPJ and the other brain areas indicated the involvement of the mirror neural system during the task. Further directional analysis using Granger causality analysis revealed a flow of information from the temporal to the parietal and then to the pre-motor cortex in the operator’s brain. These findings provide empirical evidence for the neural mechanism of social navigation and highlight the importance of the rTPJ for communication and joint attention in uncertain group problem-solving situations.
The default mode network and rumination in individuals at risk for depression
Authors: Chou Tina , Deckersbach Thilo , Dougherty Darin D , Hooley Jill M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions active during rest and self-referential thinking. Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) show increased or decreased DMN activity relative to controls. DMN activity has been linked to a tendency to ruminate in MDD. It is unclear if individuals who are at risk for, but who have no current or past history of depression, also show differential DMN activity associated with rumination. We investigated whether females with high levels of neuroticism with no current or lifetime mood or anxiety disorders (n = 25) show increased DMN activation, specifically when processing negative self-referential information, compared with females with average levels of neuroticism (n = 28). Participants heard criticism and praise during functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner. The at-risk group showed greater activation in two DMN regions, the medial prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), after hearing criticism, but not praise (relative to females with average levels of neuroticism). Criticism-specific activation in the IPL was significantly correlated with rumination. Individuals at risk for depression may, therefore, have an underlying neurocognitive vulnerability to use a brain network typically involved in thinking about oneself to preferentially ruminate about negative, rather than positive, information.