bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Vein Thrombosis After Earthquake: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sahebi Ali , Nejati-Zarnaqi Bayram , Vasei Narges , Jahangiri Katayoun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Among natural disasters, earthquake is associated with heavy fatalities and financial damages, causing considerable mortality. The complications resulting from getting trapped in rubble, secondary traumas, obligation to reside in temporary shelters, along with other factors such as limited mobility, stress, and dehydration, predispose earthquake survivors to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). The aim of the present study is to investigate the rate of DVT after an earthquake using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
To perform the present study, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used. The protocol of this review study has been registered in the International Perspective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the code of CRD42021290375. Credible data resources including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, and Embase were used for extracting relevant studies. Random effect model was used to perform the meta-analysis. I2 was ritualized to investigate heterogeneity across the studies. Publication bias of studies was evaluated using the Begg test.

Results:
In this study, 267 primary studies were identified and extracted. After removing the duplicate ones and the screening, eventually 12 final studies were chosen for the meta-analysis. Based on the meta-analysis results, the total rate of DVT was 9.07% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.32-10.81; I2 = 97.9%; P = 0<0.001). Analysis of DVT in the subgroups of the general population and patient survivors were 11.43% (95% CI: 9.06-13.79; I2 = 98%; P = 0<0.001) and 2.51% (95% CI: 0.04-4.63; I2 = 77.7%; P = 0.001). Also, based on the Begg test, the publication bias in the chosen studies was not considerable.

Conclusions:
DVT rate in earthquake survivors is higher compared with other disasters, and over time it finds a growing trend. After earthquake, the focus of rescue and health-care teams is on individuals with observable injuries and damages. Because DVT is first asymptomatic but has fatal consequences, including pulmonary embolism and sudden death, it should be incorporated in health’s status assessment of earthquake-stricken people as well as screening and diagnostic programs of health-care providers.
Thirty Years of Nation-Building in the Post-Soviet States
Authors: Rutland Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis introduction to the special issue looks back at 30 years of nation-building in the post-Soviet states. Initial hopes that national self-determination would reinforce democratization proved misplaced. While that synergy worked well in the Baltic states, elsewhere authoritarian leaders embraced nationalism, while democracies like Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine lost control of parts of their territory to secessionist movements backed by Russia. Each of the post-Soviet states promoted a national language (except for Belarus) and forged a new historical narrative for their “imagined community,” but in most cases they remained multi-ethnic and multi-lingual communities. In recognition of this persisting ethnic diversity, nation-building was accompanied by policies of ethnicity management. The international economic environment was rapidly changing due to globalization, posing new challenges for nation-builders. The gender dimension is important to the new national identities being forged in the post-Soviet space: the categories of race and class, less so. The article concludes with a review of the salient features of each of the newly-independent states.
Climate-driven mid- to late Holocene hydrologic evolution of arid wetlands documented by strontium, uranium, and oxygen isotopes from Lower Pahranagat Lake, southern Nevada, USA
Authors: Theissen Kevin M. , Paces James B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLacustrine carbonates in a 12.4-m-long core from Lower Pahranagat Lake (LPAH), southern Nevada, indicate that radiogenic isotopes of Sr and U (87Sr/86Sr and 234U/238U) preserve evidence of past variations in water sources and evolving hydrologic conditions. Sr and U isotope compositions in LPAH carbonates fall within the range defined by the three primary groundwater sources in Pahranagat Valley and reflect variable mixtures of those sources since the mid-Holocene. Compositions in the oldest sample (5.78 ka) closely match modern compositions of modern discharge from nearby springs, indicating that LPAH water was derived almost exclusively from the local volcanic aquifer. By ca. 5.3–5.2 ka, LPAH water compositions shifted sharply towards isotopic compositions observed in groundwater from the regional carbonate aquifer, indicating a marked increase in surface flow from high-volume springs discharging from the carbonate aquifer to the north. Sediments deposited between 3.08–1.06 ka indicate reduced contributions from the regional aquifer. A comparison of uranium- and oxygen-isotope values in LPAH carbonates suggests that wetter climate conditions favor increased supply from deeper, regional carbonate aquifers compared to drier conditions when contributions from shallower, local volcanic aquifers were more important.
Non-linear flight dynamics at high angles-of-attack
Authors: Gránásy P. , Thomasson P. G. , Sørensen C. B. , Mosekilde E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe methods of non-linear dynamics are applied to the longitudinal motion of a vectored thrust aircraft, in particular the behaviour at high angles-of-attack. The model contains analytic non-linear aerodynamic coefficients based on Nasa windtunnel tests on the F-18 high alpha research vehicle (Harv). The equilibrium surfaces are plotted against thrust magnitude and thrust deflection and are used to explain the behaviour. When the aircraft is forced with small thrust deflections whilst in poststall equilibrium, chaotic motion is observed at certain frequencies. At other frequencies, several limiting states coexist, e.g. a chaotic attractor and a limit cycle, or two limit cycles. The steady state behaviour then depends on the initial conditions. The non-linear pitching moments are shown to have a significant effect upon the model. Omitting these terms, the region of chaos shrinks, this is not observed for lift.
The making of helicopter flying qualities: a requirements perspective
Authors: Padfield Gareth D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this review paper, a recurring theme is the interplay between flying qualities as a technical discipline and flying qualities as an operational attribute. This interplay provides the setting for a presentation on the status of helicopter flying quahties, using maritime helicopter operations as the focus, particularly the recovery phase and the helicopter-ship dynamic interface. Poor weather, inducing high sea states and ship motion, along with complex, invisible and disturbing airflow and degraded visibility, make the dynamic interface a particularly demanding environment for both pilot and helicopter.Flying qualities are a product of four elements — the aircraft, the pilot, the task and the environment — and the maritime application serves to give this viewpoint its full perspective. Mission-oriented flying quahties engineering is described within the systems framework of Aeronautical Design Standard 33 (ADS-33), utilising concepts like the mission task element, usable cue environment, response type and dynamic response criteria. The innovative constructs introduced by ADS-33 for flying qualities in degraded visual conditions are given special attention. The paper argues that the requirements for what constitutes safe and easy, or Level 1, flying qualities now exist and are well substantiated. New aircraft can now be designed to achieve these performance and safety standards while existing aircraft can be upgraded with integrated flight management systems featuring advanced control/flying qualities technologies.In this context, the paper also promotes the concept of concurrent requirements capture and preliminary design, to maximise the likelihood that user requirements are achieved and that designs are robust and work first time. The multidisciplinary nature of flying qualities is emphasised, embracing aeromechanics and flight dynamics, controls and displays and human factors. Similarly, the importance of high-fidelity design tools and comprehensive evaluation methods in the concurrent process is stressed.Handling deficiencies can increase the risk of helicopter accidents, particularly in degraded visual conditions or in emergencies where excursions beyond the operational flight envelope can lead to piloting difficulties. These situations are the new challenges for flying qualities engineers, and two areas are discussed here in some detail. First, flight in severely degraded visual conditions, highlighting the importance of understanding the fundamentals of human visual perception in the development of integrated control and display augmentation. Second, handling qualities following tail rotor failures are discussed and results from current research to develop new advice for aircrew are presented. The author takes the view that much more can and needs to be done to assist the pilot in the management of the tension between performance and safety in helicopter operations, through the provision of improved flying qualities.
Experimental and numerical failure analysis of bolted joints in CFRP woven laminates
Authors: Andréasson N. , Mackinlay C. P. , Soutis C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of a joint is to transfer load between the two parts being joined. As a result of this load transfer there will be a stress variation in the components in the joint region, as well as stresses in the joining medium (fasteners or adhesive). In fhjs work, the stress results of a two-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis are used to understand failure modes of a bolted joint in low-temperature cure carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) woven laminates loaded in tension, and to predict the bearing strength. Good agreement with experimentally observed damage modes and strengths is achieved with, in some cases, a difference of less than 10%.
Multi-sensor data fusion in defence and aerospace
Authors: Harris C. J. , Bailey A. , Dodd T.J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe UK OST Technology Foresight for defence and aerospace identified multi-sensor data fusion as a future critical enabling technology for the UK, requiring a coordinated research agenda. This review paper provides an overview of past research and applications of data fusion. The process of data fusion and sensor integration is formally introduced together with a variety of implementation architectures, that recognise data fusion as a critical element in overall systems integration. The various benefits and attributes of data fusion are discussed together with a brief review of potentially fruitful areas of future research.
The effect of trailing edge geometry on cavity flow oscillation driven by a supersonic shear layer
Authors: Zhang X. , Rona A. , Edwards J. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA computational analysis is performed of self-sustained oscillatory flow over a cavity driven by a shear layer at Mach 1·5. The unsteady flow is studied through solutions of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence modelled by a two-equation k-ω model. The trailing edge (face) of a baseline rectangular cavity is modified using wedge and ramp shapes to investigate means for the suppression and attenuation of the self-sustained oscillation. Through modification of the shear layer impingement, both wedge and ramp are effective in reducing the level of oscillation. The time-averaged pressure (form) drag coefficient of the cavity is also reduced significantly. The main cause of the drag reduction is the elimination or reduction of the high pressure area near the downstream corner of the cavity due to the presence of a vortex. Two types of unsteady flow exist when a curved ramp is employed: ‘regular’ and ‘random’. The use of a h= 0·6D ramp generates a random type pressure fluctuation with lower rms pressure compared with the h= 0·2D and 0·4D ramps.
The effect of skewing on the vorticity produced by an airjet vortex generator
Authors: Barberopoulos A. A. , Garry K. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe vorticity production by a single vortex generator jet in a turbulent boundary layer at high speed and zero pressure gradient was studied by analysing surface-flow patterns. The investigation involved a range of jet mass flow rates and skew angles while the freestream Mach number and jet pitch angle were held constant. A qualitative analysis of the skin friction patterns demonstrated the effective role of the skew angle as a bifurcation parameter. The vortex production is classified into three main regimes as the skew angle increases from zero (fully downstream) to 180° (fully upstream). Better understanding of the physical mechanism behind the transition from the first regime to the second is crucial in the design of the airjet vortex generator.
Autonomous control for on-orbit assembly using potential function methods
Authors: McQuade F. , McInnes C. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPotential function methods have been applied extensively to many terrestrial and space robot control problems. This paper extends these methods to multiple robot problems for on-orbit assembly. By considering a population of free-flying robotic vehicles in orbit, capable of both rotation and translation, the potential function method reduces complex assembly problems to sets of simple translation and rotational commands. This is achieved using a potential function incorporating both collision avoidance between the free-flyers and connection constraints in the assembled structure. The method also allows a subsumptive type control architecture with the flexibility to carry out many different assembly tasks simultaneously.
A cartesian cut cell method for compressible flows Part B: moving body problems
Authors: Yang G. , Causon D. M. , Ingram D. M. , Saunders R. , Battent P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA cartesian cut cell method for static body problems was presented in Part A (pp 47-56). Here, we extend the method to unsteady compressible flows involving arbitrarily moving bodies. The moving bodies are allowed to cross a stationary background cartesian mesh. So problems such as mesh distortion and/or restrictions on body motion which may affect other mesh approaches do not occur.A MUSCL-Hancock finite volume scheme has been modified for moving boundary problems. The upwind fluxes on the interfaces of static cells are updated using an HLLC approximate Riemann solver and an exact Riemann solution for a moving piston is used to update moving solid boundaries (faces). A cell merging technique has been developed to maintain numerical stability in the presence of arbitrarily small cut cells and to retain strict conservation at moving boundaries.The method has been validated against some well-known two dimensional test problems and applied to practical examples involving an exploding pressure vessel and a store release into a Mach 1.5 stream.
Aeroelastic optimisation of composite wings using the dynamic stiffness method
Authors: Lillico M. , Butler R. , Guo S. , Banerjee J.R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A computer program for use in the conceptual stage of aircraft design has been developed. The program obtains minimum mass designs for high aspect ratio, composite wings, subject to constraints on flutter speed, divergence speed and material stress. The wing is modelled as a series of composite beam elements and both flutter speed and divergence speed are calculated using a normal mode approach. Modal analysis is carried out by applying the Wittrick-Williams algorithm to the dynamic stiffness method, whereas unsteady aerodynamic loads are calculated from strip theory, although an option which uses lifting-surface theory is also presented. A previously published example is given to validate the analysis. Single level optimisation is carried out using a sequential quadratic programming strategy combined with the modified methods of feasible directions optimizer, for which flutter sensitivities are obtained by an efficient determinant interpolation technique. Design variables include topological variables such as spar and engine positions as well as layer thicknesses, which are modelled using quadratic functions. The wing of a regional turboprop aircraft is optimized to illustrate the use of the program. The problem was modelled using 10 elements and had 43 design variables, 162 constraints and required just over 20 minutes of CPU time on a workstation. This, coupled with the fact that a full three-dimensional FE model of the same wing would require over 1000 elements, illustrates the suitability of the dynamic stiffness method to the conceptual design stage.
Technical Note
Authors: Traub L. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn expression is derived to predict the effect of taper ratio on the vortex drag of high aspect ratio, unswept, planar wings. The expression was formulated by assuming that imposing an elliptic spanwise load distribution on the tapered planform, would result in a leading edge thrust excess, which relates to the increase in vortex drag above the theoretical minimum. Comparisons of this expression with results from lifting line theory show encouraging agreement.
Analysis of radiometric, lifetime and fluorescent lifetime imaging for pressure sensitive paint
Authors: Holmes J. W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptical pressure measurement using fluorescent techniques is being widely researched for use in windtunnels. The technique offers global coverage of model surface pressures. A paint, the fluorescence of which is dependent on air pressure, is applied to the surface of a windtunnel model and the pressure distribution is obtained from the intensities measured. There are three principle techniques used to produce the surface pressure distributions: radiometric imaging, lifetime measurement and fluorescent lifetime imaging.Radiometric imaging produces global images. A constant illumination is used to excite the paint. The fluorescent intensity distribution is dependent on the surface pressure. Error analysis reveals that the technique has the highest precision at low absolute pressures. However, wind-off reference images are required to compensate for illumination and paint non-uniformity. Experimental investigation found that although this is able to compensate for rigid structures, model movement introduces registration and geometric errors. These errors can be corrected by processing at the expense of accuracy.Lifetime measurement is a technique that uses pulsed illumination. The fluorescent lifetime is dependent on the pressure. A wind-off reference image is not required and error analysis predicts that the technique holds an advantage at high absolute pressures.Fluorescent lifetime imaging produces global images using a modulated light source to excite the paint. The phase and modulation depth of the fluorescent signal are proportional to the pressure. A wind-off reference image is not required and error analysis predicts that the technique has the same advantages as lifetime imaging. Preliminary results from fluorescent lifetime imaging indicate that this technique can be implemented using robust, solid-state technology.
Weak and intermittent anoxia during the mid-Tournaisian (Mississippian) anoxic event in the Montagne Noire, France
Authors: Rakociński Michał , Książak Daria , Pisarzowska Agnieszka , Zatoń Michał , Aretz Markus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mid-Tournaisian black radiolarian cherts of the Lydiennes Formation are exposed in deep-shelf successions of the Puech de la Suque and Col des Tribes sections of the Mont Peyroux Nappe area in the Montagne Noire, southern France. This interval represents the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event that is also termed the Lower Alum Shale Event. This event is associated with a global marine transgression that was characterized by increased productivity and drastic facies changes from pelagic carbonate sedimentation to the widespread deposition of black organic-rich siliceous shales and radiolarites in many parts of the world. In the present study, high-resolution inorganic geochemistry and framboidal pyrite analyses were employed to decipher changes in depositional conditions during the mid-Tournaisian anoxic event in the Montagne Noire. The results show that the total organic carbon contents of sediments associated with the Lower Alum Shale Event vary from 0.09 to 1.9 wt %. These low to moderate total organic carbon contents, high U/Th, low Corg/P and intermediate V/Cr ratios, enrichment in redox-sensitive trace elements, such as U, Mo and V, as well as varying sizes of pyrite framboids, indicate periodic dysoxic to anoxic bottom-water conditions during deposition of the studied sediments. Anomalous Hg spikes (>500 ppb) are also reported in the mid-Tournaisian deep-water marine succession of the Montagne Noire in the present study, which confirm a possible influence of increased regional volcanic activity during this environmental turnover.
The Information in Industry-Neutral Self-Financed Trades
Authors: Barardehi Yashar H. , Da Zhi , Warachka Mitch 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe identify Industry-Neutral Self-Financed Informed Trading (INSFIT) as stock trades financed by offsetting, equivalent dollar-denominated stock trades in the same industry. Approximately 37% of short-term mutual fund trading profits can be attributed to these trade pairs. Consistent with informed trading, INSFIT precedes unusually high media coverage for the underlying stocks. The trades underlying INSFIT are also larger as the release of stock-level news becomes more imminent. Both relative valuation and the hedging of industry exposure motivate INSFIT’s industry neutrality. While INSFIT positively impacts fund performance, active fund managers who execute INSFIT more aggressively obtain smaller trading profits per execution.
Heterogeneity of Beliefs and Trading Behavior: A Reexamination
Authors: Füllbrunn Sascha , Huber Christoph , Eckel Catherine , Weitzel Utz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCombining experimental data sets from seven individual studies, including 255 asset markets with 2,031 participants, and 36,326 short-term price forecasts, we analyze the role of heterogeneity of beliefs in the organization of trading behavior by reproducing and reconsidering earlier experimental findings. Our results confirm prior evidence that price expectations affect trading behavior. However, heterogeneity in beliefs does not seem to drive overpricing and asset market bubbles, as suggested by earlier studies, and we find no indication of short-term beliefs being better determinants of trading behavior than longer-term beliefs.