bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pendant 3-Tree Connectivity of Augmented Cubes
Authors: Mane Smruti , Kandekar Smita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The Steiner tree problems in graphs attended widely because of its applications in network design or circuit layout. Given a set $S$ of vertices, $|S| \geq 2,$ a tree connecting all vertices of $S$ is called an $S$-Steiner tree (tree connecting $S$). The reliability of a network $G$ to connect any $S$ vertices ($|S|$ number of vertices) in $G$ can be measured by this parameter. For an $S$-Steiner tree, if the degree of each vertex in $S$ is equal to one, then that tree is called a pendant S-Steiner tree. Two pendant $S$-Steiner trees $T$ and $T'$ are said to be internally disjoint if $E(T) \cap E(T') = \emptyset$ and $V(T) \cap V(T') = S.$ The local pendant tree-connectivity $\tau_{G}(S)$ is the maximum number of internally disjoint pendant $S$-Steiner trees in $G.$ For an integer $k$ with $2 \leq k \leq n,$ the pendant k-tree-connectivity is defined as $\tau_{k}(G) = min\{ \tau_{G}(S) : S \subseteq V(G), |S| = k\}.$ In this paper, we study the pendant $3$-tree connectivity of Augmented cubes which are modification of hypercubes invented to increase the connectivity and decrease the diameter hence superior to hypercubes. We show that $\tau_3(AQ_n) = 2n-3.$ , which attains the upper bound of $\tau_3(G)$ given by Hager, for $G = AQ_n$.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 05C40, 05C70, 68R10
Ciliate grazing on the bloom-forming microalga Gonyostomum semen
Authors: Bergman Ingrid , Lindström Eva S. , Sassenhagen Ingrid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The freshwater raphidophyte Gonyostomum semen forms extensive summer blooms in northern European humic lakes. The development of these blooms might be facilitated by a lack of natural top-down control, as few zooplankton species are able to prey on these large algal cells (up to 100µm) that expel trichocysts upon physical stress. In this study, we describe a small ciliate species (< 17µm) that preys on G. semen by damaging the cell membrane until cytoplasm and organelles spill out. Sequencing of clonal cultures of the ciliate tentatively identified it as the prostomatid species Urotricha pseudofurcata. Grazing experiments illustrated that feeding by U. cf. pseudofurcata can significantly reduce cell concentrations of the microalga. However, differences in cell size and growth rate between two investigated ciliate strains resulted in noticeably different grazing pressure. Environmental sequencing data from five different lakes supported potential interactions between the two species. Urotricha cf. pseudofurcata might, thus, play an important role in aquatic ecosystems that are regularly dominated by G. semen, reducing the abundance of this bloom-forming microalga and enabling transfer of organic carbon to higher trophic levels.
Antioxidant and immunostimulatory effect of heat-treated paraprobiotics Latilactobacillus sakei KU15041 and Latilactobacillus curvatus KU15003
Authors: Hyun Jun-Hyun , Woo Im-Kyung , Kim Kee-Tae , Park Young-Seo , Kang Dae-Kyung , Lee Na-Kyoung , Paik Hyun-Dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The lactic acid bacteria, including Latilactobacillus sakei and Latilactobacillus curvatus, have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic effects. In this study, the underlying mechanism of action for the antioxidant and immunostimulatory effects of two strains of heat-treated paraprobiotics was examined. Heat-treated Lact. sakei KU15041 and Lact. curvatus KU15003 showed higher radical scavenging activity in both the 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays than the commercial probiotic strain LGG. In addition, treatment with these two strains exhibited immunostimulatory effects in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with Lact. curvatus KU15003 showing a slightly higher effect. Additionally, they promoted phagocytosis and NO production in RAW 264.7 cells without any cytotoxicity. Moreover, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 was upregulated. These strains resulted in an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways were stimulated by these strains. These findings suggest the potential of using Lact. sakei KU15041 and Lact. curvatus KU15003 in food or by themselves as probiotics with antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties.
Associations of residential greenness exposure during early pregnancy with the risk of spontaneous abortion: The China Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Cui Yuchen , Gao Shen , Yang Boyi , Lin Lizi , Yue Wentao , Su Shaofei , Zhang Enjie , Liu Jianhui , Xie Shuanghua , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zheng , Liu Ruixia , Dong Guanghui , Yin Chenghong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Living in higher greenness level community has many benefits for pregnancy outcomes, however, few research have explored the relationship between greenness and spontaneous abortion (SAB). We aimed to analyze relationships between SAB and community greenness in Chinese pregnant women, and further assessed the modifying effects from air pollutants.
Methods
We studied 90 890 pregnant women from the China Birth Cohort Study from February 2018 to December 2021. We diagnosed SAB by certified obstetricians and gynecologists. The level of exposure to greenness during the first trimester was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were used as proxies of ambient air pollution. Logistic regression models were used to analyses the association between SAB and greenness. We additionally performed subgroup analyses stratified by age, urbanicity, and air pollution levels.
Results
Lower SAB prevalence was related to living in greener places. A 0.1 unit increase in NDVI500m and EVI500m was significantly associated with a 12.0% (95%CI: 8.6%, 15.3%) and 15.4% (95%CI: 10.5%, 19.9%) lower risks of SAB, respectively. In sensitivity analysis, these relationships remained consistent. The associations were stronger among urban dweller, older and participants lived in places with lower NO2 and O3 levels.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate significantly inverse associations between community greenness and SAB in Chinese pregnant women, especially for urban dweller and older, the NO2 and O3 may modify the effects of greenness on SAB.
Long-term performance of Co catalyst and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis setup under realistic conditions
Authors: Čespiva Jakub , Charvát Matěj , Skřínský Jan , Vereš Ján , Ochodek Tadeas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the sufficient description of the various catalytic processes, the data sets often lack a long-term oriented approach, thus examining unstable and temporary processes.
Results
In this study, an Al2O3-supported Co catalyst was applied in a small-scale Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under realistic conditions. A long-term performance was examined and evaluated. A tedious stabilisation regime was observed, taking around 78 hours of time-on-stream before the process was stabilised on a greater magnitude. The quantitative analysis showed significant differences in liquid production, where unstable process provided more excellent gas-to-liquid conversion, however, the selectivity of water was significant. The stabilised regime, on the other hand, performed well in terms of hydrocarbon production with 35%wt. share in the product.
Conclusions
This study points out the importance of proper stabilisation in the catalytic processes, which may require reasonable time in pilot and industrial-scale appliances.
Conservation biogeography and diversity of tarantulas in Argentina
Authors: Allegue Maite , Schwerdt Leonela , Ferretti Nelson 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
There is significant concern regarding the impact of many human activities and the subsequent biodiversity loss. Protected areas stand as crucial global conservation tools, their correct selection and design play a key role. The biology characteristics of tarantulas make them vulnerable to fragmentation in time and space, yet they remain underrepresented in ongoing conservation initiatives.
Aims/Methods:
This study seeks an integrative biogeographic approach to conservation by assessing multi-specific distribution patterns, specific richness, and tarantula endemism in Argentina. To achieve this, we performed an endemicity analysis using the optimality criterion and a panbiogeographical approach. Finally, we evaluated the protection degree of the areas obtained with the known protected areas.
Results
The most supported areas of endemism and the richest were found in Southern Andean Yungas and the Atlantic Forest of Alto Paraná. Also, the Valdivian Temperate Forest was recovered as an area of endemism. From panbiogeographic analysis, biogeographic nodes were located in La Rioja, Formosa and Salta provinces. Many of the obtained areas exhibit low or no degree of protection.
Discussion/Conclusion:
There is partial agreement among the different results obtained (species richness, areas of endemism, biogeographic nodes) with previous studies in relation to relevant conservation areas. Some new areas identified are also relevant for tarantula conservation.
Implications for insect conservation:
We propose priority conservation areas of Argentinean tarantulas and emphasize their significance for the persistence of their populations.
Reduction of pollution loads based on sewage treatment projects around a lake: A case study on Erhai Lake
Authors: Yang Fengle , Zhang Xianzhi , Li Jinhua , Zhou Baoxue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Erhai Lake is a highland freshwater lake in Dali, China. Rapid tourism development has generated large amounts of pollutants. Since 2015, six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been built to treat wastewater collected through sewage interception projects. In this study, reductions in the pollution load of wastewater from different sources were evaluated by considering the effects of groundwater leakage, microbial degradation, and rainfall-runoff. The results showed that the systems reduced the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads by 85, 83, and 85%, respectively. Discharge wastewater has the characteristics of a low concentration of domestic sewage discharge, large tourist sewage discharge, and high concentration of livestock wastewater. Due to the high groundwater level, there is groundwater infiltration in the influent water of WWTPs, which dilutes the pollutant concentration of the influent and, therefore, results in a lower treatment efficiency. Further treatment of tailwater also reduced the pollution loads discharged into the lake as well as the COD and TN by 10.25 and 22.90%, respectively. The results indicate that groundwater infiltration in the sewer network system is the primary target to be addressed in future developments.
FRT Capability Enhancement of DFIG-based Wind Turbine with
Coordination Control of MSVC and FCL
Authors: Xian Long , Wu Lizhen 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To address the problems of various FRT (fault ride through) schemes in DFIG
(doubly fed induction generator) systems, especially their applicability under different voltage sags,
a combination scheme of an MSVC (minimized series voltage compensator) and FCL (fault current
limiter) is proposed.

Methods:
Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of the DFIG and considering the capacity
and volume in the process of practical engineering, the application structure and specific control
strategy of an MSVC in DFIG systems are designed on the stator side, and the application effect is
analyzed theoretically. Simultaneously, the application structure and control strategy of the FCL is
proposed on the rotor side, and the application effect of the combination scheme is theoretically deduced
and analyzed. Moreover, the simulation model is built on the MATLAB/Simulink platform.

Results:
The simulation results show that the scheme can quickly and effectively recover the fault
voltage of the DFIG under different voltage sag degrees and has better dynamic performance. At the
same time, it can effectively limit the fault current and suppress the DC-link voltage of the rotor
side, and the transition process is relatively stable.

Conclusion:
The purpose of improving the FRT capability of the DFIG system is realized.
الإیزیدیون في أرشیف الصحافة الأمریكیة ١٨٤٩ – ١٩٣٥
Authors: Saeed Hiwa Aziz 
Published: August 2023

احتل الإيزيديون وطقوسهم الدینیة مساحة كبيرة في الصحافة الأمریكیة ما بین (١٨٤٩-١٩٣٥)، وبسبب تلك الغرابة الدینیة وما یمارسونه من طقوس ومراسیم وشعائر دینیة لافتة للنظر- مع تسمیتهم بـ(عبدة الشیطان – Devil Worshiper)- جعلهم موضوع إهتمام الرحالة والمبشرین والسیاسیین فیما بعد، ولاسیما في العقد الأول من القرن العشرین.
إتناولت الصحافة الأمریكیة الدیانة الإیزیدیة علی كافة الصعد من حیث تسمیتهم وعاداتهم والسلم الإجتماعي والدیني وشعائرهم -...إلخ، وبمنهج وصفي تاریخي، تقصی الباحث أرشیف الصحافة الأمریكیة المتوفرة بمختلف مواضیعها وخصوصا تلك التي تتعلق بالإیزیدیین، واستنتج منها؛ بأن الإیزیدیین دیانة لها أصول عریقة أقدم بكثیر من دیانتي المسیحیة والإسلام، ولكن بحكم إحتكاكها بدیانات المنطقة، إختلطت بعض الإسماء والعادات مع دیانتهم، وبما أنهم أصحاب دیانة منطویة علی نفسها، إلا أن تكوینهم الدیني یستوجب علیهم المعاملة الإنسانية مع غیرهم من الدیانات.
The Art of Wicker and the Role of Women in its Development in Azerbaijan
Authors: KHALİLOVA Farida 
Published: August 2023

The territory of Azerbaijan was one of the ancient human settlements. Here, since ancient times, various areas of art began to emerge. A large number of archaeological materials found in the mentioned region suggests that Azerbaijan is one of the ancient weaving regions.
The art of wicker is one of the most ancient craftsmanship not only in Azerbaijan, but all over the world. It should be noted that mat weaving played the role of the basis in the development of weaving art. The women who have made rich contributions to the art of weaving have also created a rich tradition and a wide range of kinds of crafts in the weaving field. As in other fields of craftsmanship, women have created many varieties of weaving.
Storage containers, baskets, janamaz, tablecloths, hangers, and etc., have been created from wicker. The article examines the important and ancient role of this craftsmanship. It should be noted that the reeds growing in the swamp dry up and turn into a beautiful and delightful work of art.
Kodansha Ltd., <em>Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan</em>, Tokio, 1983. 9 vols. + suplemento.
Authors: M. Ch. R. 
Published: August 2023

Tang Song ci jan shang ci dian [La lírica de las dinastías Tang [618-906] y Song [960-1279] Sluzhou, 1986. 1517 pp. Song shi jian shang ci dian [La poesía de la dinastía Song], Shaghai 1987. 1610 pp. Gu shi jian shang ci dian (La poesía antigua), Pekín, 1988. 1414 pp. Yuan qu jian shang ci dian (La canción de la dinastía Yuan [1279-1368]), Pekín 1988. 1521 pp. R. M. Ch.
A shape memory alloy implant can be an effective surgical treatment in the atlantoaxial joint stabilization using rabbits as substitutes for toy-breed dogs
Authors: Seon Yeowool , Choi Sung-Kyu , Kim Woo Keyoung , Kang Byung-Jae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the feasibility of using shape memory alloy (SMA) implants for atlantoaxial joint stabilization using a rabbit model as a substitute for canines.

ANIMALS
20 rabbit cadavers.

METHODS
We prepared rabbit cadavers from the middle of the skull to the third cervical vertebra. The vertebral body and canal sizes of the atlas and axis were compared using CT data from rabbits, normal dogs, and dogs with atlantoaxial instability (AAI) to assess the feasibility of using rabbits as substitutes for toy-breed dogs. The shape memory alloy (SMA) implants were designed to stabilize the atlantoaxial joint without compromising the spinal canal passage for safety and were classified into SMA-1 and SMA-2 based on their design. To evaluate the strength, the ventrodorsal force was measured with atlantoaxial ligaments intact, after removing the ligaments, and after applying conventional wire or SMA implants to stabilize the atlantoaxial joint. The time taken for implant application was measured.

RESULTS
No significant difference in vertebral body size of the atlas and axis was observed. A significant difference in vertebral canal size was observed between the animals. In biomechanical testing, the SMA-2 implant provided more stabilization, while the SMA-1 implant had lower strength than the conventional method using wires. The application time of wire was the longest, while that of SMA-1 was the shortest.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
SMA implants provide comparable strength and demonstrate superior efficacy compared to conventional dorsal wire fixation of atlantoaxial stabilization. Therefore, SMA implants can be an effective surgical option for AAI.
KLASIFIKASI ILMU DALAM TRADISI INTELEKTUAL ISLAM
Authors: Ja'far Ja'far 
Published: August 2023

<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Studi ini mengkaji konsep ilmuwan Muslim tentang klasifikasi ilmu. Studi ini merupakan studi kepustakaan. Data didasarkan pada sumber-sumber tertulis dan otoritatif. Studi ini didasari oleh fakta bahwa Islam mewajibkan setiap Muslim menuntut ilmu. Alquran maupun hadis memberikan petunjuk bahwa Islam merupakan agama yang memandang penting ilmu. Aktivitas membaca menjadi kegiatan penting menurut Alquran, dan ini bisa dilihat dari fakta bahwa ayat pertama yang diturunkan kepada Nabi adalah berkaitan dengan kegiatan membaca (<em>iqra’</em>). Nabi dalam berbagai hadisnya juga memberi isyarat tentang kewajiban dan keutamaan menuntut dan mengembangkan ilmu. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa para pemikir Muslim merinci pandangan Alquran dan hadis tentang ilmu yang wajib dipelajari. Studi ini akan mengungkap pandangan al-Ghazâlî, Quthb al-Dîn al-Syîrâzî, Ibn Khaldûn, Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jauziyah dan Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. Pendapat mereka mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa Islam mewajibkan kaum Muslim untuk menuntut dan mengembangkan ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi dunia Muslim, baik ilmu syariah maupun ilmu filsafat. Studi ini turut memperkuat gugusan referensi tentang kajian epistemologi Islam di Indonesia.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>ilmu, syariah, filsafat, peradaban Islam <strong> </strong>
MELATIH KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI RA DARUL AL IKHLAS LUBUK PAKAM MELALUI KEGIATAN KOLASE
Authors: Nurlaili Nurlaili , Syahputri Nanda , Khoirunisa Khoirunisa , Qori Amalia , Nurhayati Siti 
Published: August 2023

Mengembangkan suatu kreativitas pada anak usia dini dibutuhkan suatu stimulus tertentu seperti kegiatan yang berkaitan untuk melatih proses berpikir anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melatih kreativitas anak melalui kegiatan Kolase biji kacang hijau. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif deskriptif di mana hasil penelitian diuraikan dalam bentuk narasi dan uraian dalam paragraf. Objek dari penelitian ini yaitu anak usia 4-5 tahun yang berada di RA Al Darul ikhlas Lubuk Pakam. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa kegiatan Kolase secara tidak langsung dapat melatih kreativitas yang dimiliki oleh anak hal itu dikarenakan melalui kegiatan Kolase anak dilatih untuk mengembangkan ide-ide dan kreasi yang dimiliki olehnya.
Application of Remap-STAD Learning Model to Improve Student Cognitive Learning Outcomes in Teaching and Learning Strategy Course
Authors: - Tri Maniarta Sari , Ernawati  , Nur Amaliah  
Published: August 2023

Monotonous learning process in this case the use of conventional methods that continuously have a significant enough effect on learning outcomes, therefore innovation is needed in carrying out the learning process in the classroom. regards, one innovation is using a new learning model, namely by using Remap-STAD learning model. This study aims to see the improvement of student cognitive learning outcomes who are taught using the Remap-STAD learning model. This research was conducted at Sembilanbelas November Kolaka University. The sample of this study was students of class 2018 offering B who program the Teaching and Learning Strategy course with a total of 27 students. This study used a qualitative approach to the type of classroom action research combined with Lesson Study. Data on cognitive learning outcomes are obtained through essay tests that are supported by observations. The results of this study indicate an increase in the cognitive learning outcomes of students who are taught with the Remap-STAD learning model.
Kajian Tentang Keaktifan, Hasil Belajar, dan Produk yang Dihasilkan Mahasiswa Pada Perkuliahan yang Menerapkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Authors: Wariani Theresia , Hayon Vinsensia H. B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji keaktifan, hasil belajar, dan produk yang dihasilkan mahasiswa tahun akademik 2022/2023 pada mata kuliah Dasar dan Proses Pembelajaran Kimia 3 yang menerapkan Pendekatan Berbasis Proyek. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data dalam menentukan keaktifan mahasiswa menggunakan jumlah dari aspek tingkah laku yang terlihat selama perkuliahaan. Hasil belajar mahasiswa dinyatakan dalam skor yang merupakan perbandingan antara hasil yang diperoleh mahasiswa terhadap skor maksimal. Produk yang dihasilkan mahasiswa berupa media pembelajaran diidentifikasi kuantitasnya, ditetapkan dari jumlah berbagai aspek tugas proyek yang harus dibuat sesuai tuntutan mata kuliah. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah aktivitas mahasiswa antara lain menyusun RPP, menyusun LKS, menyusun LKPD, membuat media, menyusun soal, melakukan pembelajaran sebaya, mengikuti pembelajaran sebaya, mengoreksi soal, mengerjakan soal dan membuat vidio. Hasil belajar mahasiswa rata-rata adalah 85 (A-) dengan kategori sangat memuaskan. Produk hasil karya yang dihasilkan berupa media pembelajaran untuk 7 (tujuh) kali tatap muka perkuliahan antara lain media praktikkum sederhana dan video pembelajaran untuk materi koagulasi protein, reaksi redoks, penurunan titik beku, hukum faraday, sel elektrolisis, tekanan osmosis, uji karbohidrat, pembuatan unsur halogen, korosi, sel volta, polimer, derajad ionisasi larutan elektrolit, reaksi eksoterm dan reaksi endoterem.