bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral resources,energetic value and pesticide residues in provisions collected by Osmia bicornis along a gradient of oilseed rape coverage
Authors: Misiewicz Anna , Mikołajczyk Łukasz , Bednarska Agnieszka J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPollinators in agricultural landscapes are facing global decline and the main pressures include food scarcity and pesticide usage. Intensive agricultural landscapes may provide important food resources for wild pollinators via mass flowering crops. However, these are monofloral, short-term, and may contain pesticide residues. We explored how the landscape composition with a different proportion of oilseed rape (6–65%) around Osmia bicornis nests affects floral diversity, contamination with pesticides, and energetic value of provisions collected by this species of wild bees as food for their offspring. Altogether, the bees collected pollen from 28 plant taxa (6–15 per nest) and provisions were dominated by Brassica napus (6.0–54.2%, median 44.4%, 12 nests), Quercus sp. (1.2–19.4%, median 5.2%, 12 nests), Ranunculus sp. (0.4–42.7%, median 4.7%, 12 nests), Poaceae (1.2–59.9%, median 5.8%, 11 nests) and Acer sp. (0.6–42%, median 18.0%, 8 nests). Residues of 12 pesticides were found in provisions, with acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, boscalid, and dimethoate being the most frequently detected at concentrations up to 1.2, 198.4, 16.9 and 17.8 ng/g (median 0.3, 10.6, 11.3, 4.4 ng/g), respectively. Floral diversity and energetic value of provisions, but not the Pesticide Risk Index depended on landscape structure. Moreover, pollen diversity decreased, and energetic value increased with landscape diversity. Thus, even a structurally simple landscape may provide diverse food for O. bicornis if the nest is located close to a single but resource-diverse patch. Both B. napus and non-crop pollen were correlated with pesticide concentrations.
Detection method has independent prognostic significance in the PLCO lung screening trial
Authors: Long James P. , Shen Yu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrognostic models in cancer use patient demographic and tumor characteristics to predict survival and dynamic disease prognosis. Past work in breast cancer has shown that cancer detection method, screen-detected or symptom-detected, has prognostic significance. We investigate this phenomenon in the lung component of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) screening trial. Patients were randomized to intervention, receiving four annual chest x-rays (CXRs), or to control, receiving usual care. Patients were followed for a total of approximately 13 years. In PLCO, lung cancer detection method has independent prognostic value exceeding that of variables commonly used in lung cancer prognostic models, including sex, histology, and age. Results are robust to cohort selection and type of predictive model. These results imply that detection method should be considered when developing prognostic models in lung cancer studies, and cancer registries should routinely collect cancer detection method.
Nucleus accumbens core acetylcholine receptors modulate the balance of flexible and inflexible cue-directed motivation
Authors: Townsend Erica S. , Amaya Kenneth A. , Smedley Elizabeth B. , Smith Kyle S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSign-tracking is a conditioned response where animals interact with reward-predictive cues due to the cues having motivational value, or incentive salience. The nucleus accumbens core (NAc) has been implicated in mediating the sign-tracking response. Additionally, acetylcholine (ACh) transmission throughout the striatum has been attributed to both incentive motivation and behavioral flexibility. Here, we demonstrate a role for NAc ACh receptors in the flexibility of sign-tracking. Sign-tracking animals were exposed to an omission contingency, in which vigorous sign-tracking was punished by reward omission. Animals rapidly adjusted their behavior, but they maintained sign-tracking in a less vigorous manner that did not cancel reward. Within this context of sign-tracking being persistent yet flexible in structure, blockade of NAc nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) led to a persistence in the initial sign-tracking response during omission followed by a period of change in the makeup of sign-tracking, whereas blockade of muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) oppositely enhanced the omission-related development of the new sign-tracking behaviors. Later, once omission learning had occurred, nAChR blockade uniquely led to reduced sign-tracking and elevated reward-directed behaviors instead. These results indicate that NAc ACh receptors have opposing roles in maintaining learned patterns of sign-tracking, with nAChRs having a special involvement in regulating the structure of the sign-tracking response.
Signatures of geostrophic turbulence in power spectra and third-order structure function of offshore wind speed fluctuations
Authors: Sim So-Kumneth , Peinke Joachim , Maass Philipp 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe analyze offshore wind speeds with a time resolution of one second over a long period of 20 months for different heights above the sea level. Energy spectra extending over more than seven decades give a comprehensive picture of wind fluctuations, including intermittency effects at small length scales and synoptic weather phenomena at large scales. The spectra S(f) show a scaling behavior consistent with three-dimensional turbulence at high frequencies f, followed by a regime at lower frequencies, where fS(f) varies weakly. Lowering the frequency below a crossover frequency $$f_\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle 2D}$$

f

2
D

, a rapid rise of fS(f) occurs. An analysis of the third-order structure function $$D_3(\tau )$$

D
3

(
τ
)

of wind speed differences for a given time lag $$\tau $$
τ
shows a rapid change from negative to positive values of $$D_3(\tau )$$

D
3

(
τ
)

at $$\tau \simeq 1/f_\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle 2D}$$

τ
≃
1
/

f

2
D

. Remarkably, after applying Taylor’s hypothesis locally, we find the third-order structure function to exhibit a behavior very similar to that obtained previously from aircraft measurements at much higher altitudes in the atmosphere. In particular, the third-order structure function grows linearly with the separation distance for negative $$D_3$$

D
3

, and with the third power for positive $$D_3$$

D
3

. This allows us to estimate energy and enstrophy dissipation rates for offshore wind. The crossover from negative to positive values occurs at about the same separation distance of 400 km as found from the aircraft measurements, suggesting that this length is independent of the altitude in the atmosphere.
Development and validation of a hybrid deep learning–machine learning approach for severity assessment of COVID-19 and other pneumonias
Authors: Park Doohyun , Jang Ryoungwoo , Chung Myung Jin , An Hyun Joon , Bak Seongwon , Choi Euijoon , Hwang Dosik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is transitioning into the endemic phase. Nonetheless, it is crucial to remain mindful that pandemics related to infectious respiratory diseases (IRDs) can emerge unpredictably. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a severity assessment model for IRDs, including COVID-19, influenza, and novel influenza, using CT images on a multi-centre data set. Of the 805 COVID-19 patients collected from a single centre, 649 were used for training and 156 were used for internal validation (D1). Additionally, three external validation sets were obtained from 7 cohorts: 1138 patients with COVID-19 (D2), and 233 patients with influenza and novel influenza (D3). A hybrid model, referred to as Hybrid-DDM, was constructed by combining two deep learning models and a machine learning model. Across datasets D1, D2, and D3, the Hybrid-DDM exhibited significantly improved performance compared to the baseline model. The areas under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) were 0.830 versus 0.767 (p = 0.036) in D1, 0.801 versus 0.753 (p < 0.001) in D2, and 0.774 versus 0.668 (p < 0.001) in D3. This study indicates that the Hybrid-DDM model, trained using COVID-19 patient data, is effective and can also be applicable to patients with other types of viral pneumonia.
Passive frustrated nanomagnet reservoir computing
Authors: Edwards Alexander J. , Bhattacharya Dhritiman , Zhou Peng , McDonald Nathan R. , Misba Walid Al , Loomis Lisa , García-Sánchez Felipe , Hassan Naimul , Hu Xuan , Chowdhury Md. Fahim , Thiem Clare D. , Atulasimha Jayasimha , Friedman Joseph S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReservoir computing (RC) has received recent interest because reservoir weights do not need to be trained, enabling extremely low-resource consumption implementations, which could have a transformative impact on edge computing and in-situ learning where resources are severely constrained. Ideally, a natural hardware reservoir should be passive, minimal, expressive, and feasible; to date, proposed hardware reservoirs have had difficulty meeting all of these criteria. We, therefore, propose a reservoir that meets all of these criteria by leveraging the passive interactions of dipole-coupled, frustrated nanomagnets. The frustration significantly increases the number of stable reservoir states, enriching reservoir dynamics, and as such these frustrated nanomagnets fulfill all of the criteria for a natural hardware reservoir. We likewise propose a complete frustrated nanomagnet reservoir computing (NMRC) system with low-power complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry to interface with the reservoir, and initial experimental results demonstrate the reservoir’s feasibility. The reservoir is verified with micromagnetic simulations on three separate tasks demonstrating expressivity. The proposed system is compared with a CMOS echo state network (ESN), demonstrating an overall resource decrease by a factor of over 10,000,000, demonstrating that because NMRC is naturally passive and minimal it has the potential to be extremely resource efficient.
Treatment-Induced Recovery Patterns Between Nouns and Verbs in Mandarin–English Bilingual Adults With Aphasia
Authors: Li Ran , Kiran Swathi 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate treatment effects of naming therapy targeting nouns and verbs in Mandarin–English bilingual adults with aphasia (BWA).

Method:
Twelve Mandarin–English bilingual adults with chronic aphasia completed a 40-hr semantic-based naming treatment for either nouns or verbs. Eight of these participants completed both noun and verb treatment, and the other four completed either noun or verb treatment. Participants were trained in either Mandarin or English for both treatment cycles. Weekly naming probes were measured to capture the direct treatment gain and within- and cross-language generalizations. Performance on the standardized language assessments was analyzed to examine further generalizations beyond the word level and to standardized naming tasks.

Results:
Responses in the weekly naming probes showed significant treatment gains in both noun and verb treatment, but the effect was greater in verb treatment. Generalization to semantically related items was captured in noun treatment only. Cross-language generalization was identified in both noun and verb treatment with a larger effect in verb treatment. Additionally, widespread generalizations beyond the word level and to standardized naming tasks were found following both noun and verb treatment, but the effect was larger following noun treatment in discourse and verb naming tasks.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study suggested robust treatment effects of semantic-based naming treatment targeting nouns and verbs in Mandarin–English BWA. However, patterns of treatment gains and generalizations differed between these word categories. This study provides strong evidence of bilingual aphasia rehabilitation in Mandarin–English BWA.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23818299
Stellar variability in Gaia DR3
Authors: Maíz Apellániz J. , Holgado G. , Pantaleoni González M. , Caballero J. A. 
Published: August 2023

Context. The unparalleled characteristics of Gaia photometry in terms of calibration, stability, time span, dynamic range, full-sky coverage, and complementary information make it an excellent choice to study stellar variability.
Aims. We aim to measure the photometric dispersion in the G, GBP, and GRP bands of the 145 677 450 third Gaia data release (DR3) five-parameter sources with G ≤ 17 mag and GBP – GRP between −1.0 and 8.0 mag. We will use that unbiased sample to analyze stellar variability in the Milky Way (MW), Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC).
Methods. For each band we convert from magnitude uncertainties to observed photometric dispersions, calculate the instrumental component as a function of apparent magnitude and color, and use it to transform the observed dispersions into the astrophysical ones: sG, SGBP, and SGRP. We give variability indices in the three bands for the whole sample indicating whether the objects are non-variable, marginally variable, or clearly so. We use the subsample established by Rimoldini and collaborators with light curves and variability types to calibrate our results and establish their limitations.
Results. The position of an object in the dispersion-dispersion planes can be used to constrain its variability type, a direct application of these results. We use information from the MW, LMC, and SMC color-absolute magnitude diagrams (CAMDs) to discuss variability across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. White dwarfs and B-type subdwarfs are more variable than main sequence (MS) or red clump (RC) stars, with a flat distribution in sG up to 10 mmag and with variability decreasing for the former with age. The MS region in the Gaia CAMD includes a mixture of populations from the MS itself and from other evolutionary phases. Its sG distribution peaks at low values (~1–2 mmag) but it has a large tail dominated by eclipsing binaries, RR Lyrae stars, and young stellar objects. RC stars are characterized by little variability, with their sG distribution peaking at 1 mmag or less. The stars in the pre-main-sequence (PMS) region are highly variable, with a power law distribution in sG with slope 2.75 and a cutoff for values lower than 7 mmag. The luminous red stars region of the Gaia CAMD has the highest variability, with its extreme dominated by AGB stars and with a power law in sG with slope ~2.2 that extends from there to a cutoff of 7 mmag. We show that our method can be used to search for LMC Cepheids. We analyze four stellar clusters with O stars (Villafranca O-016, O-021, O-024, and O-026) and detect a strong difference in sG between stars that are already in the MS and those that are still in the PMS.
A Proposal for a Robust Validated Weighted General Data Protection Regulation-Based Scale to Assess the Quality of Privacy Policies of Mobile Health Applications: An eDelphi Study
Authors: Benjumea Jaime , Ropero Jorge , Dorronzoro-Zubiete Enrique , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Carrasco Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Health care services are undergoing a digital transformation in which the Participatory Health Informatics field has a key role. Within this field, studies aimed to assess the quality of digital tools, including mHealth apps, are conducted. Privacy is one dimension of the quality of an mHealth app. Privacy consists of several components, including organizational, technical, and legal safeguards. Within legal safeguards, giving transparent information to the users on how their data are handled is crucial. This information is usually disclosed to users through the privacy policy document. Assessing the quality of a privacy policy is a complex task and several scales supporting this process have been proposed in the literature. However, these scales are heterogeneous and even not very objective. In our previous study, we proposed a checklist of items guiding the assessment of the quality of an mHealth app privacy policy, based on the General Data Protection Regulation.
Objective To refine the robustness of our General Data Protection Regulation-based privacy scale to assess the quality of an mHealth app privacy policy, to identify new items, and to assign weights for every item in the scale.
Methods A two-round modified eDelphi study was conducted involving a privacy expert panel.
Results After the Delphi process, all the items in the scale were considered “important” or “very important” (4 and 5 in a 5-point Likert scale, respectively) by most of the experts. One of the original items was suggested to be reworded, while eight tentative items were suggested. Only two of them were finally added after Round 2. Eleven of the 16 items in the scale were considered “very important” (weight of 1), while the other 5 were considered “important” (weight of 0.5).
Conclusion The Benjumea privacy scale is a new robust tool to assess the quality of an mHealth app privacy policy, providing a deeper and complementary analysis to other scales. Also, this robust scale provides a guideline for the development of high-quality privacy policies of mHealth apps.
Adolescent Distal Ulna Physeal Fracture with Extensor Retinaculum Interposition
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Bain Greg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Isolated distal ulna fractures are rare injuries and are commonly associated with distal radius fractures. Though most of them can be managed conservatively, few of them require open reduction due to the interposition of various structures.
Case Description In this case report, we report two cases of irreducible isolated distal ulna fractures in adolescents due to the interposition of the extensor retinaculum with its underlying tendons requiring open reduction to achieve bony union and distal radioulnar joint stability. These distal ulna fractures can be best reduced by open reduction with hypersupination and maintaining the distal ulna shaft gothic arch with pins.
Literature Review There are very few case reports reported on isolated distal ulna fractures commonly seen in paediatric and adolescent patients leading to growth arrest. The interposition of various structures is a cause of irreducibility requiring open reduction. These fractures are equivalent to TFCC injuries in adults.
Clinical Relevance  Whenever there is a gross displacement or difficult reduction interposition is to be considered. Open reduction of the fracture and maintenance of DRUJ congruity is sufficient without being critical on articular reduction.
Arrighi’s pendulum: (Re)reading The Evolution of International Society in the twenty-first century
Authors: Lubbock Rowan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn re-reading Watson’s The Evolution of International Society through the work of Giovanni Arrighi, this article makes two contributions to the English School (ES). Firstly, I offer a more grounded analysis of Watson’s ‘succession of hegemonies’ from the seventeenth century onwards. Secondly, and relatedly, through closer attention to the dynamics of capitalist international society, we are better able to apprehend the current contradictions and challenges facing contemporary international society. Rather than replace Watson with Arrighi, I argue that Arrighi’s framework of ‘systemic cycles of accumulation’ complements and extends the insights offered in Watson’s magnum opus. It is hoped that this dialogue between the ES and critical political economy may open the way for further ES research on the (dis)orderly dynamics of capitalist international society.
Making sense of spoken plurals
Authors: Shafaei-Bajestan Elnaz , Uhrig Peter , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Distributional semantics offers new ways to study the semantics of morphology. This study focuses on the semantics
of noun singulars and their plural inflectional variants in English. Our goal is to compare two models for the conceptualization
of plurality. One model (FRACSS) proposes that all singular-plural pairs should be taken into account when predicting plural
semantics from singular semantics. The other model (CCA) argues that conceptualization for plurality depends primarily on the
semantic class of the base word. We compare the two models on the basis of how well the speech signal of plural tokens in a large
corpus of spoken American English aligns with the semantic vectors predicted by the two models. Two measures are employed: the
performance of a form-to-meaning mapping and the correlations between form distances and meaning distances. Results converge on a
superior alignment for CCA. Our results suggest that usage-based approaches to pluralization in which a given word’s own semantic
neighborhood is given priority outperform theories according to which pluralization is conceptualized as a process building on
high-level abstraction. We see that what has often been conceived of as a highly abstract concept, [+plural], is better
captured via a family of mid-level partial generalizations.
Can larvae of the pod-borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), select between wild and cultivated pigeonpea Cajanus sp. (Fabaceae)?
Authors: Green P.W.C. , Stevenson P.C. , Simmonds M.S.J. , Sharma H.C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExperiments were conducted to observe the feeding and food selection-behaviour of different instars of the pod-borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in response to choices between the cultivated and a wild species of Cajanus. First and second instars fed upon a cultivated variety of Cajanus cajan in preference to a wild species, C. scarabaeoides and on flowers of C. cajan, rather than pods or leaves of C. cajan. First and second instars preferred pods of C. scarabaeoides with trichomes removed to pods with trichomes present. All instars fed upon pods of C. cajan rather than those of C. scarabaeoides. Solvent extraction of the pod surfaces affected the feeding of larvae, in some instances. They preferred the unextracted pods of C. cajan; the extracted pod of C. scarabaeoides (first and second instars) or the unextracted pod of C. scarabaeoides (fourth and fifth instars). Glass-fibre disc bioassays showed that the methanol, hexane and water extracts from the pod-surface of C. cajan stimulated the feeding of fifth instars. The experiments have shown that characteristics of C. cajan, such as either the compounds present or the type and distribution of trichomes on the plant surfaces, can determine the susceptibility of C. cajan to pod-borer larvae.
Effect of altitude on seasonal flight activity of Rhagoletis cerasi flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Kovanci O.B. , Kovanci B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of altitudinal variation on the seasonal flight activity of Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus) flies was evaluated along an altitudinal gradient from 150 to 1170 m in Mount Uludag, northwestern Turkey. The predicted dates of fly emergence, flight duration and dates of 5%, 50% and 95% cumulative fly catches at various altitudes were estimated from a degree-day model. Degree-day predictions were compared with those obtained from observations made with yellow sticky traps. The observed and predicted dates of appearance of adults were delayed by 1.4 and 2.0 days for every 100 m increase in altitude, respectively. The delay in phenology events was less at high altitudes than postulated by Hopkins’ bioclimatic law, whether observed or predicted. The average absolute difference in predicted and observed dates of cumulative percentage catch of adults was 4.9 and 3.0 days in 1997 and 1998, respectively, but these differences were not significant. Prolonged flight activity was predicted and observed at higher altitudes, but the flight period lasted significantly longer than predicted. The observed flight period varied from 29 to 43 days in 1997 and from 36 to 52 days in 1998 between the lowest and highest altitude on the transect. Altitudinal variation between geographically close locations should be taken into account to properly time monitoring activities and hence to manage R. cerasi populations more effectively.