bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rough FTO electrode interface effect upon ferroelectric switching dynamics in Ag/P(VDF‐HFP)/FTO capacitor structures
Authors: Roy Jyotirmoy , Joseph Bekcy , Gangineni R. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRough FTO electrode interface effect upon the characteristic ferroelectric polarization parameters and switching dynamics in Ag/P(VDF‐HFP)/FTO junctions is systematically evaluated by varying electric field amplitude and frequency. Structural and microstructural studies confirm the ferroelectric phase formation of P(VDF‐HFP) on FTO surface. Tilted rectangular P‐E loops have been recorded in the applied fields ranging over 156.25–468.75 MV/m measured between 250 mHz and 5 Hz frequency ranges. Giant saturation of 21.7 μC/cm2 and remnant polarization of 34.9 μC/cm2 has been noted at low frequencies due to the influence of high electric field induced leakage currents. The coercive field, saturation and remnant polarization response with increase in electric field amplitude and frequency of the applied signal are well fitted with classic domain growth model proposed by Kolmogorov‐Avrami‐Ishibashi. A switching time scales of 32.2–693 ms has been observed for forward switching while for backward switching it is noted as 22.1–618.8 ms, when measured at frequencies from 5 Hz to 250 mHz. Furthermore, the tilted P‐E loops are attributed to the excessive leakage currents due to the high surface roughness of FTO bottom electrode.
Association of adverse childhood experiences with adulthood multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Rehan Syeda Tayyaba , Khan Zayeema , Shuja Syed Hasan , Salman Afia , Hussain Hassan ul , Abbasi Muhammad Saif , Razak Sufyan , Cheema Huzaifa Ahmad , Swed Sarya , Surani Salim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are proposed to increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) later in life. This systematic review aimed to explore the correlation between ACEs and MS development, age of onset, quality of life in MS patients and MS relapse rates.MethodsWe searched a total of six databases in June 2022 and retrieved the relevant studies. The population included adult (18+) individuals who either had been diagnosed or were at risk for developing MS and also had exposure to ACEs. Our primary outcomes include the risks of MS development, age of MS onset, and MS relapse rate in patients who were exposed to different types of ACEs.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in our review. A study reported that among 300 women diagnosed with MS, 71 (24%) reported a history of childhood abuse; moreover, with further research, it was concluded that ACEs were associated with the development of MS. Abuse that occurred 2–3 times per week was associated with an 18.81‐fold increased risk of having MS when compared to the unexposed sample. The relapse rate of MS was found to be substantially greater in severe cases of ACEs compared to individuals who did not report any ACEs.ConclusionsResults support a significant association between ACEs and the development of MS; individuals with a positive history of ACEs develop MS symptoms earlier. Moreover, the severity of ACEs is also linked with increased relapse rates of MS.
Qualitative and quantitative plaque enhancement on high‐resolution vessel wall imaging predicts symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Huang Li‐Xin , Wu Xiao‐Bing , Liu Yi‐Ao , Guo Xin , Ye Jie‐Shun , Cai Wang‐Qing , Wang Sheng‐Wen , Luo Bin‐ 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIntracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a major cause of ischemic stroke (IS), and high‐resolution vessel wall imaging (HR‐VWI) can be used to assess the plaque characteristics of ICAS. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively assess plaque enhancement of ICAS and to investigate the relationship between plaque enhancement, plaque morphological features, and IS.MethodsData from adult patients with ICAS from April 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively collected, and all patients underwent HR‐VWI examination. Plaque enhancement was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the plaque‐to‐pituitary stalk contrast ratio (CR) indicated the degree of plaque enhancement. Plaque characteristics, such as plaque burden and area, were quantitatively measured using HR‐VWI. Furthermore, receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of CR to discriminate plaque enhancement. The patients were divided into a symptomatic ICAS group and an asymptomatic ICAS group according to the clinical and imaging characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate which factors were significantly associated with plaque enhancement and symptomatic ICAS. The plaque burden and CR were compared using linear regression.ResultsA total of 91 patients with ICAS were enrolled in this study. ICAS plaque burden was significantly associated with plaque enhancement (p = .037), and plaque burden was linearly positively correlated with CR (R = 0.357, p = .001). ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56 (specificity of 81.8%). Both plaque enhancement and plaque burden were significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, and only plaque enhancement was an independent risk factor after multivariate analysis.ConclusionPlaque burden was an independent risk factor for plaque enhancement and showed a linear positive correlation with CR. The cutoff value of CR for plaque enhancement was 0.56, and CR ≥ 0.56 was significantly associated with symptomatic ICAS, which was independently associated with plaque enhancement.
Customized flexible hollow microneedles for psoriasis treatment with reduced‐dose drug
Authors: Ren Yingjie , Li Junshi , Chen Yiwen , Wang Jing , Chen Yuxuan , Wang Zhongyan , Zhang Zhitong , Chen Yufeng , Shi Xiaoyi , Cao Lu , Zhang Jiayan , Dong Huang , Yan Cong , Li Zhihong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroneedles, especially hollow microneedles (HMNs), play an important role in drug delivery, but most of the current HMNs are manufactured based on silicon microfabrication (lithography, etching, etc.), which are slightly conservative due to the lack of low‐cost, batch‐scale and customized preparation approach, especially for the HMNs with flexible substrate. For the first time, we propose the use of a high‐precision 3D printed master mold followed by a dual‐molding process for the preparation of HMNs with different shapes, heights, and inner and outer diameters to satisfy different drug delivery needs. The 3D printed master mold and negative mold can be reused, thereby significantly reducing the cost. HMNs are based on biocompatible materials, such as heat‐curing polymers or light‐curing resins. The thickness and rigidity/flexibility characteristics of the substrate can be customized for different applications. The drug delivery efficiency of the fabricated HMNs was verified by the in situ treatment of psoriasis on the backs of mice, which required only a 0.1‐fold oral dose to achieve similar efficacy, and the associated side effects and drug toxicity were reduced. Thus, this dual‐molding process can reinvigorate HMNs development.
Transcriptomic features reveal molecular signatures associated with recombinant adeno‐associated virus production in HEK293 cells
Authors: Wang Yongdan , Fu Qiang , Lee Yong Suk , Sha Sha , Yoon Seongkyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of gene therapies based on recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs) has grown exponentially, so the current rAAV manufacturing platform needs to be more efficient to satisfy rising demands. Viral production exerts great demand on cellular substrates, energy, and machinery; therefore, viral production relies heavily on the physiology of the host cell. Transcriptomics, as a mechanism‐driven tool, was applied to identify significantly regulated pathways and to study cellular features of the host cell for supporting rAAV production. This study investigated the transcriptomic features of two cell lines cultured in their respective media by comparing viral‐producing cultures with non‐producing cultures over time in parental human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). The results demonstrate that the innate immune response signaling pathways of host cells (e.g., RIG‐I‐like receptor signaling pathway, Toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, JAK‐STAT signaling pathway) were significantly enriched and upregulated. This was accompanied by the host cellular stress responses, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in viral production. In contrast, fatty acid metabolism and neutral amino acid transport were downregulated in the late phase of viral production. Our transcriptomics analysis reveals the cell‐line independent signatures for rAAV production and serves as a significant reference for further studies targeting the productivity improvement in the future.
Friends and safeguarding: Young people's views about safety and to whom they would share safety concerns
Authors: Russell Douglas H. , Higgins Daryl J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChild sexual abuse prevention strategies typically focus on teaching children ‘protective behaviours’, including telling a ‘trusted adult’. However, disclosure rates are low, and we know little about who they tell. We analysed data from over 3400 young people aged 10–18. After viewing hypothetical unsafe scenarios involving either an adult or peer, participants were asked whether – and whom – they would tell someone if such a situation occurred. Most (83.9 per cent) said they would tell someone about concerns involving an adult; fewer (79.3 per cent) would tell if they encountered an unsafe situation with a peer. Across adult and peer scenarios, participants were most likely to say they would approach their mother (about concerning behaviour of an adult, 68.7 per cent; or a peer, 63.1 per cent), a friend (64.4; 57.9 per cent) or their father (52.2; 48.9 per cent). Those most likely to tell a friend were girls and older children. Children in out‐of‐home care and community welfare organisations were less likely to tell someone about concerning behaviour from a peer/friend than in other organisational contexts. Although organisations must train staff in supporting young people who raise concerns or make disclosures, it is vital to consider the role of parents and other young people in hearing about concerns and building their capacity to respond appropriately.
Transitioning from military to civilian life: The Ohio story
Authors: Shankle Shawnice , Hibler David , Caven Gwen , Krause‐Parello Cheryl A. , Duffy Sonia A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVeterans often experience difficulties transitioning from military to civilian life. This secondary qualitative analysis explored Ohio Veterans' and Veterans' health stakeholders priorities (N = 41) for care when transitioning from military to civilian life. Ten, 90‐minute focus groups were conducted. Barriers to becoming a civilian included not being adequately prepared for transition and being unable to access resources (e.g., “They [the military] prepare you for combat. Nobody prepares you for discharge; nobody tells you how to get care.”). Barriers to physical health focused on gaps in care (e.g., “it took all day to get care”). Mental health barriers included stigma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; e.g., “When I say Veteran what do you think? 'Homeless Vet' or a 'Ticking Time Bomb'”; “PTSD… let's talk about what it really is and reduce stigma”). Financial/educational barriers included the inability to afford healthcare co‐payments, delayed receipt of service‐connected disability, and educational benefits, (e.g., “[Veterans] will stop taking medications … because they have a bill or co‐pay they need to pay”). Policy makers, community leaders, and healthcare professionals can use these data to enhance programmes that facilitate Veterans transitioning from military to civilian life.
Nicardipine‐induced acute respiratory failure: Case report and literature review
Authors: Timour Gizzatullin , Fréderic Vallot , Olivier Simonet , Shango Didier Ndjekembo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a major physiological mechanism that prevents the development of hypoxemia secondary to a regional decrease in the ventilation–perfusion ratio (the intrapulmonary shunt effect). Calcium plays a critical role in the cellular response to hypoxia and the regulation of the pulmonary vascular tone. Therefore, calcium channel antagonists such as nicardipine have the potential to interfere with the pulmonary response to hypoxia, increasing intrapulmonary blood shunt and thus worsening underlying hypoxemia. This article reports the case of a 40‐year‐old man suffering from lobar pneumonia, who developed a rapidly progressing hypoxemia after starting nicardipine infusion for blood pressure control. After ruling out all major causes of hypoxemic respiratory failure, the involvement of the calcium channel antagonist was strongly suspected. Hypoxemia caused by HPV release is an underreported side effect of calcium channel blockers. There are few clinical reports that describe the occurrence of this adverse event, and to our knowledge, only one other publication describes a patient suffering from infectious pneumopathy. In this article, we discuss the cellular mechanisms behind the HPV, as well as the pharmacology of calcium channel antagonists and their involvement in the development of acute respiratory failure. The purpose of this report is to remind clinicians dealing with patients affected by acute hypoxemia that pharmacologic HPV inhibition should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary costly and time‐consuming assessments.
Left main coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistula presenting as angina and ventricular tachycardia – A case report and literature review
Authors: Gong Simone , Marasco Silvana , Wong Michael , Hiscock Martin 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageCoronary artery fistulae are an uncommon abnormality of the coronary arteries, but when hemodynamically significant can present as angina, dyspnea, and arrhythmia as a rare cause of functional myocardial ischemia via ‘coronary steal phenomenon’.
Spinal hydatid cyst initially diagnosed as spinal tumor: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zali Alireza , Shahmohammadi Mohammadreza , Biazar Bijan Herfedoust , Masoumi Niloofar , Samieefar Noosha , Akhlaghdoust Meisam 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageThe spinal hydatid cyst is a benign pathology but has considerable morbidity. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients having signs and symptoms of spinal compression, particularly in endemic areas.
Formation of Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Using Potassium Salt and Deep Eutectic Mixtures for Extraction of Proteins
Authors: Marappan Saravanakumara , Kamaruddin Azlina Harun , Gonawan Fadzil Noor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiquid‐liquid extraction such as an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) is considered a promising method in the biotechnology field for extraction of biomolecules. The binary mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/salt is the most common ATPS. The ability of eutectic mixture‐based ATPS to fractionate protein macromolecules remains not well understood. Here, the role of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) in eutectic mixtures was investigated in relation to the phase formation ability and extraction efficiency of protein. Both potassium salt and an eutectic combination were used to prepare the ATPSs. Choline chloride/urea aqueous two‐phase separation proved to be the most effective method for protein extraction. The creation of a two‐phase system and the efficiency with which a protein can be extracted from a crude solution are both affected by the choice of HBD.
Reactivity of [Cp′′2Zr(η1:1−E4)] (E=P, As) towards Nucleophiles
Authors: Heinl Veronika , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe functionalization of the polypnictogen ligand complexes [Cp′′2Zr(η1:1‐E4)] (E=P (1 a), As (1 b); Cp′′=1,3‐di‐tertbutyl‐cyclopentadienyl) is focused to modify the features of the polypnictogen unit to explore new synthetic pathways for further transformations. The reaction behavior of 1 towards main group nucleophiles is investigated. The reaction of 1 a with tBuLi leads to the ionic product Li[Cp′′2Zr(η1:1‐P4tBu)] (2) where an organic group is attached to a bridgehead phosphorus atom of the butterfly unit. Further reactions of 2 with quenching electrophilic reagents enable the introduction of other substituents. Moreover, a condensation of 2 to [(Cp′′2Zr)2(μ,η1:1:1:1‐P8tBu2)] (3), containing a novel P8‐unit, has been observed. The reaction of 1 with LiNMe2 and LiCH2SiMe3 leads to a partial fragmentation of the E4 unit and the compounds [Cp′′2Zr(η2‐E3Nu)] (Nu=NMe2: E=P (6 a), As (6 b); Nu=CH2SiMe3: E=P (7 a), As (7 b)) are formed.
A DNA‐Based Dissipation System that Synchronizes Multiple Fuels
Authors: Liu Yu , Fu Shengnan , Liu Jiajia , Su Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial dissipative networks have emerged as advanced bionic systems for the development of material technology and synthetic biology. Here, a DNA‐based artificial dissipation system is demonstrated that synchronizes multiple energy‐rich molecules (fuels) including oligonucleotide, dNTP, and ATP. The autonomous operation of the dissipation system relies on the integration of DNA reaction network including polymerase extension, kinase phosphorylation, and exonuclease digestion. The use of multiple fuels provides multiple transient states with different energy levels and fine‐tuning dissipative kinetics. The lifetime of the transient state can be programmed to increase or decrease just by varying one of the fuel molecules unlike conventional DNA‐based dissipative systems where the increase in the concentration of fuel molecule extends the lifetime. This design greatly expands the toolkits for establishing dissipative/dynamic DNA networks. The dissipation system is harnessed to dynamically regulate the assembly of DNA nanotubes allowing for controlling the assembly kinetics by multiple fuels. Owing to the multiple transient states in the dissipation system, two nanotubes can be regulated in parallel. It is envisioned that the system will find broad application in responsive materials, soft robotics, biosensors, and on‐demand drug delivery.
A review of the advancements in the synthesis and modification of mesoporous carbon and its application to electrochemistry
Authors: Lei Jiexia , Hu Xiaojun , Tang Yihong , Zhang Hongbo , Li Kan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the 21st century, materials science has developed rapidly. Mesoporous carbon is now among the most attractive substances due to its enormous specific surface area, high porosity, and structured pore structure. There are many methods to synthesize mesoporous carbon, among which the template method is widely used because of the variety of templates and synthesis pathways. Mesoporous carbon has been used in many fields. Its good electrical conductivity, lightweight nature, and low price have led to many applications in electrochemistry, such as capacitors, electrodes, and materials for electric vehicles. This work contains a literature overview on the synthesis methods and modification techniques for mesoporous carbon, as well as its application in electrochemistry, which serves as a guide for the future growth of mesoporous carbon research.
MnOx/CeO2 catalysts for the low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Rao Shyam Sunder , Sharma Sweta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCeO2–nanorod support was synthesized by hydrothermal method and different manganese oxides (MnO, MnO2, and Mn2O3) were impregnated over support by the wet‐impregnation forming MnO/CeO2‐NR, MnO2/CeO2‐NRm and Mn2O3/CeO2‐NR. The physico‐chemical properties of the as‐prepared catalysts were analyzed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope–energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), hydrogen‐temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and Raman spectroscopy. These catalysts were further analyzed for NO reduction using NH3 as a reducing gas in the temperature range of 50 to 450°C. The results confirmed that MnO2/CeO2‐NR gave the maximum NO conversion (65%) and N2 selectivity (89%) among all catalysts. Further, MnO2/CeO2‐NR catalyst was studied for the effect of MnO2 loading and more than 90% NO conversion and N2 selectivity were obtained in the temperature range of 250 to 300°C.
A novel two‐dimensional PID controller design using two‐dimensional model predictive iterative learning control optimization for batch processes
Authors: Li Haisheng , Bai Jianjun , Wu Feng , Zou Hongbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is known that the key indicators of batch processes are controlled by conventional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) strategies from the view of one‐dimensional (1D) framework. Under such conditions, the information among batches cannot be used sufficiently; meanwhile, the repetitive disturbances also cannot be handled well. In order to deal with such situations, a novel two‐dimensional PID controller optimized by two‐dimensional model predictive iterative learning control (2D‐PID‐MPILC) is proposed. The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, a novel two‐dimensional PID (2D‐PID) controller is developed by combining the advantages of a PID‐type iterative learning control (PIDILC) strategy and the conventional PID method. This novel 2D‐PID controller overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages and extends the conventional PID algorithm from one‐dimension to two‐dimensions. Second, the tuning guidelines of the presented 2D‐PID controller are obtained from the two‐dimensional model predictive control iterative control (2D‐MPILC) method. Thus, the proposed approach inherits the advantages of both PID control, PIDILC strategy, and 2D‐MPILC scheme. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by the case study on the injection modelling process.