bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract C024: Study of therapeutic effects of polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors on lung cancer cells of Black American patients using 3D-printed alveolar models
Authors: Belony Nadine L. , Ren Bing , Pham Phuc , Gregory Matthew , Puente Pablo E. , Lamango Nazarius S. , Offringa Ite A. , Huang Yong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the top five deadliest cancers, and Black Americans have a higher mortality rate when compared to White Americans. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological lung cancer subtype in all population groups including Blacks. Unfortunately, there are no in vitro model systems to study lung cancer and its treatments for Black subjects. Herein we aim to utilize three-dimensional (3D) printing to develop an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) alveolar model using a lung adenocarcinoma cell line from a Black patient (NCI-H23). The developed model is further utilized to study the therapeutic effects of potential LUAD therapeutic agents, polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors (PCAIs), which target and disrupt the RAS-mediated signaling pathway. KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene in LUAD in Blacks, and is mutated in NCI-H23 cells. For comparison, hAEC-FT-C7 cells, which are immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells and do not carry the KRAS mutation, will also be used separately to print the alveolar models and test the effects of PCAIs. The experimental results will be further compared to those using two-dimensional (2D) models to better understand the therapeutic effects of PCAIs on Black LUAD. The resulting knowledge will help design better treatments for ethnically/racially diverse patients in whom the RAS signaling pathway is frequently altered.
Citation Format: Nadine L. Belony, Bing Ren, Phuc Pham, Matthew Gregory, Pablo E. Puente, Nazarius S. Lamango, Ite A. Offringa, Yong Huang. Study of therapeutic effects of polyisoprenylated cysteinyl amide inhibitors on lung cancer cells of Black American patients using 3D-printed alveolar models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C024.
Abstract C041: FAN1 splice variant as a possible risk variant for African American hereditary breast cancer and understanding its role in tumorigenesis
Authors: Glover Sheniqua R. , Sams Cierla McGuire , Bishop Madison , LoBue Troy , Mcneely Issac , Merner Nancy D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recognizing African American health and research disparities, there is a need to better understand African American breast cancer risk. Our group has established the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort to aid in identifying risk variants associated with African American hereditary breast cancer. We have identified several suspected risk variants using next-generation sequencing technologies, including a low-frequency African American-specific splicing variant in FANCD2/FANCI-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1). FAN1 is an exo/endonuclease involved in DNA inter-strand crosslinking repair. There has been speculation that FAN1 could be a breast cancer susceptibility gene because FAN1 is in the Fanconi Anemia pathway with known breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2. This splicing variant, FAN1 c.3057+1G&gt;A, does not interfere with the coded protein, but alters the donor splice site of exon 14, adding 34 bases to the beginning of the 3’ untranslated region. Interestingly, it has an allele frequency of 3.6% in the general African American population but was found in 5.1% of African American breast cancer cases in the Alabama Hereditary Cancer Cohort. Extremely rare in European Americans overall; it was not detected in any European American breast cancer cases. Functionalizing FAN1 c.3057+1G&gt;A and other identified mutations is important to demonstrate pathogenicity. Our group uses prime editing to introduce variants of interest into selected cell lines. Prime editing is an innovative gene-editing technique that can introduce base substitutions, insertions, and deletions into the genome without the need for double-stranded DNA breaks or donor DNA. Upon gene-editing, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and other cellular characteristics that contribute to tumorigenesis are investigated. Overall, it is imperative to identify African-American breast cancer risk variants and understand how they play a role in disease pathogenesis, leading to better risk assessment and novel therapeutics.
Citation Format: Sheniqua R. Glover, Cierla McGuire Sams, Madison Bishop, Troy LoBue, Issac Mcneely, Nancy D. Merner. FAN1 splice variant as a possible risk variant for African American hereditary breast cancer and understanding its role in tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C041.
Abstract C044: A case and control genetic profile of tissue and serum in African American men
Authors: Harlemon Maxine S. , Bollag Roni , Terris Martha , Millena Ana Cecilia , Bowen Nathan , Odero-Marah Valerie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men. A man with 1,2 or 3 first degree relatives with prostate cancer, has a 2,5, and 11-fold increased risk of developing prostate cancer. The heritability rate of prostate cancer is 58%. African American men have the highest incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer in American. Men of African descent, globally, are more likely to die from prostate cancer than any other ancestral groups. We performed Immunohistochemistry(IHC) and RNA seq analysis on African American tissue and serum samples, with a focus on HMGA2, which has been shown promote EMT, invasion, and metastasis in cancer. Acknowledgements: These studies were supported by NIH/NIMHD U54MD007590 and U54MD013376. Our sample set included 3 benign and 2 prostate cancer tumors from African Americans. IHC markers showed HMGA2 staining within epithelial cells of the prostate cancer tissue. This result validates studies that show that distinct subtypes of prostate cancer may arise from luminal and basal epithelial cell types. RNA seq results showed HMGA to be non-significantly down-regulated in tumor samples. The most differentially expressed (DE) gene, however, was SNORD116-18. Studies have shown SNORD116-18 expression to be associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in distinguishing prognostic groups. This finding may be a pathway of interest for further studies. RNA seq of serum gave homogeneous results, however, gene set enrichment analysis of the most differentially expressed genes within the serum showed overlap with inflammation pathways gene for upregulated DE genes and Methylation Pathway for downregulated DE genes. Further analysis on more samples from African Americans tissue and serum will be used to validate findings.
Citation Format: Maxine S. Harlemon, Roni Bollag, Martha Terris, Ana Cecilia Millena, Nathan Bowen, Valerie Odero-Marah. A case and control genetic profile of tissue and serum in African American men [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C044.
Abstract C049: Investigating cancer racial disparities through TCGA transcriptomic and proteomic database
Authors: Lei Brian , Saxena Anjana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the United States, epidemiological studies have highlighted a disparity in cancer incidence and outcome rates between racial groups. This disparity is attributed to numerous factors, including gene polymorphisms, differences in lifestyle and environmental exposures, and socioeconomic factors. Although an abundance of tumor molecular data exists, the effect of race on gene expression signatures often remains unexplored. In this project, we investigated racial molecular differences in tumors of 10 carcinoma types. We used publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in conjunction with online analysis tools to identify patterns of differential gene expression in tumors obtained from 4,112 White, Black/African American, and Asian patients. We identified race-dependent expression of numerous genes whose mRNA transcript levels were significantly correlated with patient survival outcomes. A small subset of these genes was differentially expressed in multiple carcinomas, including genes involved in cell cycle progression such as CCNB1, CCNE1, CCNE2, and FOXM1. This suggests that cell cycle dysregulation is a major culprit in the health disparity. In contrast, genes such as transcriptional factor ETS1 and apoptotic gene BAK1 were differentially expressed and clinically significant only in specific cancer types. In numerous cancer types we also observed race-dependent regulation of cancer-relevant biological pathways, especially DNA repair mechanisms. This large-scale pan-cancer study refines our understanding of the molecular basis for the cancer racial health disparity and can help inform the use of novel biomarkers in clinical settings as well as the future development of precision therapies.
Citation Format: Brian Lei, Anjana Saxena. Investigating cancer racial disparities through TCGA transcriptomic and proteomic database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C049.
Abstract C060: Investigating the clinical relevance in prostate cancer of the serum biomarkers PVT1 exons 4A, 4B and 9 across risk levels and ethnicity/race
Authors: Levine Fayola , Asante-Asamani Emmanuel , Pal Gargi , Liss Michael , Ogunwobi Olorunseun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chromosome 8q24 is of particular importance for cancer susceptibility. Located in this region is the Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation 1 (PVT1) gene, a long noncoding RNA that has been implicated in multiple cancers including prostate cancer. Amplification of the PVT1 gene locus is a common event in many malignant diseases and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The pioneering role of PVT1, and its alternatively spliced transcripts, as a cancer biomarker is progressively becoming established. We have demonstrated that copy numbers of PVT1 exons 4A, 4B and 9 is quantifiable in cancer cells, tissue, and serum from cancer patients. In this study, we assessed clinically annotated serum samples from 40 prostate cancer patients to investigate the clinical relevance of PVT1 exons 4A, 4B, and 9 as a biomarker across cancer risk levels and ethnicity/race. Explorative data analysis for the development of composite score for prostate cancer was performed using Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test. We observed significantly higher copy numbers of PVT1 exons 4B and 9 across all races (White, Black and Hispanic) and Blacks and Hispanics when compared to the control. Additionally, using a 3-level cancer risk rating assessment in which 0 = healthy, 1 = low risk and 2 = high risk, we observed that PVT1 exon 9 may distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous cases across all races, but may not help distinguish between indolent and aggressive cancer cases. Notably, PVT1 exon 4B may help distinguish between indolent and aggressive cancer cases for Blacks and Hispanics. The results of this study suggest that using PVT1 exon 4B or 9 may identify cancer regardless of ethnicity/race, and that utilization of serum PVT1 exon 4B copy number may help distinguish between indolent and aggressive prostate cancer in Blacks and Hispanics.
Citation Format: Fayola Levine, Emmanuel Asante-Asamani, Gargi Pal, Michael Liss, Olorunseun Ogunwobi. Investigating the clinical relevance in prostate cancer of the serum biomarkers PVT1 exons 4A, 4B and 9 across risk levels and ethnicity/race [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C060.
Abstract C065: Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1/HSET) underlies aggressive disease course in androgen receptor-low triple negative breast cancers
Authors: Wright Nikita , Yate-Ching Yuan , Talisman Tijana , Natarajan Rama , LaBarge Mark , Rida Padmashree , Seewaldt Victoria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC), which refers to triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lacking androgen receptor (AR) expression, is now considered to be a highly aggressive BC subtype, with no actionable therapeutic targets. QNBC disproportionately afflicts and impacts patients of African descent. Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1/HSET), a centrosome clustering protein that prevents cancer cells from undergoing centrosome amplification-induced apoptosis, has been reported to be upregulated in TNBCs and African-American (AA) TNBCs, compared to non-TNBCs and European-American (EA) TNBCs. Herein, we analyzed KIFC1 mRNA levels and their associations with clinical features and outcomes among AR-low and AR-high TNBC patients in three distinct publicly-available gene expression datasets and the Breast cancer gene expression database (bc-GenExMiner). We discovered that KIFC1 levels were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in AR-low and basal-like TNBCs compared to AR-high and luminal androgen receptor TNBCs, irrespective of stage, grade, tumor size, and lymph node status. We also observed that KIFC1 levels were upregulated in AR-low versus AR-high black and premenopausal TNBC patients (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, AR levels negatively correlated with KIFC1 levels among TNBC and basal-like TNBC patients (p&lt;0.0001). High KIFC1 levels conferred significantly shorter overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival among AR-low and basal-like TNBC patients in Kaplan-Meier analyses (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, KIFC1 levels may be upregulated in QNBCs and specifically QNBCs of African descent, wherein it may promote poorer outcomes. In addition, therapeutically targeting KIFC1 in these patient subpopulations could significantly mitigate racial disparities in TNBC outcomes.
Citation Format: Nikita Wright, Yuan Yate-Ching, Tijana Talisman, Rama Natarajan, Mark LaBarge, Padmashree Rida, Victoria Seewaldt. Kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1/HSET) underlies aggressive disease course in androgen receptor-low triple negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C065.
Abstract C107: Racial differences in associations between chemical exposures and cancer-specific mortality
Authors: Nguyen Vy K. , Patel Chirag J. , Jolliet Olivier , Colacino Justin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We lack knowledge of environmental drivers (e.g. chemical exposures) of cancer mortality, which is most often due to the development of metastatic disease. Thus, there is a need to identify associations between chemical exposures and cancer mortality to help prioritize chemicals for further toxicological and epidemiological studies. We aimed to characterize how the associations between chemical biomarker levels and cancer-specific mortality differ by race/ethnicity to identify which concentrations are associated with increased risk for cancer death for each race/ethnicity. We studied 241 toxicant biomarkers in 35,132 participants sampled from the US CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2014. We deployed a series of Cox proportional hazard models with mortality status for cancer and time to death as the outcome variables and the chemical concentrations as the main predictor for each race/ethnicity. We adjusted for covariates such as age, sex, poverty income ratio, smoking, and comorbidity. For non-Hispanic Black participants, we found that an increase of one standard deviation in methyl paraben, a compound used in personal care product, is associated with a 60% increase in risk for cancer death (FDR-adjusted p-value = 4.22E-04). In addition, increased levels of lead and cadmium are associated with increased cancer mortality risk. The hazard ratio for an increase in one standard deviation of lead is 1.21 (FDR-adjusted value = 7.16E-06) in non-Hispanic Blacks and is 1.14 (FDR-adjusted p-value = 5.71E-04) in non-Hispanic Whites. The hazard ratio for cadmium is 1.37 (FDR-adjusted value = 3.06E-06) in non-Hispanic Blacks and is 1.26 (FDR-adjusted p-value = 9.23E-07) in non-Hispanic Whites. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Toxicology Program (NTP), cadmium is a known carcinogen, and lead is a probable carcinogen. Methyl paraben is not even listed as a probable or known carcinogen but shows higher cancer mortality risk compared to those of lead and cadmium. In addition, the effect of methyl paraben on cancer have not been well studied. Thus, our methodology can help identify chemical contributors to cancer mortality for further mechanistic evaluation.
Citation Format: Vy K. Nguyen, Chirag J. Patel, Olivier Jolliet, Justin Colacino. Racial differences in associations between chemical exposures and cancer-specific mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C107.
Abstract C118: Differences in cervical cancer incidence and screening rates in Guam
Authors: Dulana Louis , Teria Rodney , Bordallo Renata , Wilkens Lynne , Badowski Grazyna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Guam population is 85.9% Asian-Pacific Islander. The cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher on Guam than in the US (9.8 vs 7.4 and 7.6 vs 2.3 respectively; per 100,000 women, aged adjusted, based on 2013-2017 cases and deaths). The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in cervical cancer incidence and screening among ethnic groups on Guam. Methods: This study included 171 in situ and 146 malignant cases reported to Guam Cancer Registry from 1998-2017 (N = 317) with known age and ethnicity. The negative binomial regressions were used to compare rates adjusted for age among CHamoru (N = 189), Filipino (N = 69), and Micronesian women (N = 63) by behavior. The 2012-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data was utilized to compare the Pap testing screening behaviors among three major ethnic groups on Guam; including 1077 Filipino, 1598 CHamoru, and 257 Micronesians women. The primary outcome was self-reported Pap testing within 3 years (yes/no). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the differences in Pap testing by ethnicity after adjusting for covariates. Results: The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of invasive cases was significantly higher for CHamoru and Micronesian women when compared to Filipino women (IRR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.19-3.49, and IRR=4.89, 95% CI: 2.69-8.86 respectively). For in-situ cases, only CHamoru women had significantly higher rates than Filipino women (IRR=2.17, 95% CI=1.23-3.86). Pap testing prevalence differed significantly between ethnic groups even after adjusting for age, income level, education level and marital status (p&lt;0.001). Compared to Filipino women, CHamoru women were more likely to receive Pap test (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.30-1.87), and Micronesian women were less likely to be screened (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94). Conclusions: There were significant differences in cervical cancer incidence and screening rates. Micronesian women had the highest invasive incidence rate but the lowest screening rates. There is a need for more outreach effort on Guam.
Citation Format: Louis Dulana, Rodney Teria, Renata Bordallo, Lynne Wilkens, Grazyna Badowski. Differences in cervical cancer incidence and screening rates in Guam [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C118.
Abstract C124: Identifying cancer disparities in the University of Chicago catchment area
Authors: Ssepuuya Joel , Zhang Stephanie , Meador Kelsey , Tamayo Lizeth , Pierce Brandon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
(a) Cancer statistics are vital for helping doctors and researchers track cancer cases and use the data to find trends in various populations and patterns of occurrences, and make important public health decisions on where to direct funding, screening programs, and other steps to take in high-rate areas. This data can also tell doctors and researchers how effective some treatments are, based on the rise or fall in incidence and mortality rates, and can also help them pinpoint areas that need more attention. (b) Disparities in cancer incidence and mortality have not been described for the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center’s (UCCCC) patient catchment area (CA), the region from which the center draws its patients. This research aimed to describe incidence and mortality rates (2013-2017) for leading cancers in the CA, which consists of Cook County, IL; DuPage County, IL; Lake County, IL; Will County, IL; and Lake County, IN. Age-adjusted rates (per 100,000) were calculated for leading cancers by sex for each county, the CA, U.S., and IL. Racial disparities were also examined by comparing Black rates to White rates. (c) Incidence rates were higher in the CA compared to the U.S for all cancers data was available for: all sites combined, breast, and prostate. For males, mortality rates of prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers were higher in the CA compared to the U.S. For females, mortality rates of breast, colorectal, myeloma, uterine, stomach, and bladder cancers, as well as all sites combined were higher in the CA compared to the U.S. By county, males experienced incidence rates of 8% to nearly 2.5 times higher and mortality rates 3% to over 1.5 times higher compared to the U.S. for various cancers. By county, females experienced incidence rates 5% to over 4 times higher and mortality rates 4% to over 1.5 times higher compared to the U.S. for various cancers. Lake County, IN generally had the highest incidence and mortality rates. Racial disparities in incidence and mortality were present for most cancers in the CA overall and by county. For males, racial disparities in mortality for prostate, stomach, and larynx are of greatest concern. For females, racial disparities in mortality for myeloma, cervical, and uterine are of greatest concern. (d) This research highlights important health inequities and priorities for the UCCC to reduce these disparities in the areas of cancer risk, prevention, and treatment.
Citation Format: Joel Ssepuuya, Stephanie Zhang, Kelsey Meador, Lizeth Tamayo, Brandon Pierce. Identifying cancer disparities in the University of Chicago catchment area [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C124.