bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic effects of road mortality on mammalian populations: a systematic review
Authors: Moore Lauren J. , Petrovan Silviu O. , Bates Adam J. , Hicks Helen L. , Baker Philip J. , Perkins Sarah E. , Yarnell Richard W. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn light of rapidly expanding road networks worldwide, there is increasing global awareness of the growing amount of mammalian roadkill. However, the ways in which road mortality affects the population dynamics of different species remains largely unclear. We aimed to categorise the demographic parameters in mammalian populations around the world that are directly or indirectly affected by road mortality, as well as identify the most effective study designs for quantifying population‐level consequences of road mortality. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review to synthesise literature published between 2000 and 2021 and out of 11,238 unique studies returned, 83 studies were retained comprising 69 mammalian species and 150 populations. A bias towards research‐intensive countries and larger mammals was apparent. Although searches were conducted in five languages, all studies meeting the inclusion criteria were in English. Relatively few studies (13.3%) provided relevant demographic context to roadkill figures, hampering understanding of the impacts on population persistence. We categorised five direct demographic parameters affected by road mortality: sex‐ and age‐biased mortality, the percentage of a population killed on roads per year (values up to 50% were reported), the contribution of roadkill to total mortality rates (up to 80%), and roadkill during inter‐patch or long‐distance movements. Female‐biased mortality may be more prevalent than previously recognised and is likely to be critical to population dynamics. Roadkill was the greatest source of mortality for 28% of studied populations and both additive and compensatory mechanisms to roadkill were found to occur, bringing varied challenges to conservation around roads. In addition, intra‐specific population differences in demographic effects of road mortality were common. This highlights that the relative importance of road mortality is likely to be context specific as the road configuration and habitat quality surrounding a population can vary. Road ecology studies that collect data on key life parameters, such as age/stage/sex‐specific survival and dispersal success, and that use a combination of methods are critical in understanding long‐term impacts. Quantifying the demographic impacts of road mortality is an important yet complex consideration for proactive road management.
‘No one else understands’, ‘I wouldn't want to pity myself over something that's not really my problem’: siblings' experiences of their adolescent brothers and sisters' inpatient treatment for mental health difficulties
Authors: McGrath Lisa , Wilson Charlotte Emma , Buckmaster Ann 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundFamily life is disrupted when a child experiences mental health difficulties. This can have long‐standing effects on sibling relationships. This study explores the lived experiences of young people who have an adolescent sibling hospitalised for treatment of a mental health difficulty.MethodSemi‐structured interviews of 45–60 min were conducted to explore the experiences of 10 siblings (6 sisters/4 brothers aged 13–22) of nine patients (5 sisters/4 brothers aged 15–17) receiving treatment for a mental health difficulty in a child and adolescent inpatient unit (IPU). Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsTwo superordinate themes were identified: ‘Who am I if I'm not supporting them?’ and ‘On the fringes: actively involved but from the outside’. The interplay of these two super‐ordinate themes was found to influence the five sub‐ordinate themes: ‘Confusion and disbelief’, ‘Don't worry about me, focus on them.’, ‘Powerless when I need to be powerful.’, ‘Helping or hindering‐ what is this place??’ and ‘Knowledge is power.’ConclusionSiblings described experiencing conflicting and confusing emotions which may impact their attendance in IPU and engagement in siblings' treatment. Siblings of adolescents in inpatient treatment for mental health difficulties may be at increased risk of experiencing psychological distress. The mental well‐being of siblings must be borne in mind by child and adolescent inpatient services supporting families in crisis.
Frequent PIK3CA mutation in normal endometrial gland drives spheroid formation and may be involved in stem cell propagation
Authors: Sato Seiya , Nakayama Kentaro , Kanno Kosuke , Sultana Razia , Ishikawa Masako , Ishibashi Tomoka , Yamashita Hitomi , Kyo Satoru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies reported the presence of oncogenic mutations in normal endometrial glands, but the biological significance remains unclear. The present study investigated the status of KRAS/PIK3CA driver mutations in normal endometrial glands as well as spheroids derived from single glands. The normal endometria of surgically removed uteri (n = 3) were divided into nine regions, and 40 endometrial single glands were isolated from each region. The DNAs of 10 glands in each region were extracted and subjected to Sanger sequencing for KRAS or PIK3CA driver mutations, while the remaining 30 glands were conferred to a long‐term spheroid culture, followed by Sanger sequencing. Immunohistochemical analyses of stem cell (Axin2, ALDH1A1, SOX9) markers were undertaken for spheroids. Sanger sequencing successfully detected oncogenic mutations of KRAS or PIK3CA in a single gland. Twenty‐five of the 270 glands (9.3%) had mutations in either KRAS or PIK3CA, and the mutation frequency in each endometrial region varied from 0% to 50%. The droplet digital PCR showed high mutation allele frequency (MAF) of PIK3CA mutation, suggestive of clonal expansion of mutated cells within a gland. Over 60% of the collected spheroids had PIK3CA mutations, but no KRAS mutations were detected. Immunohistochemically, spheroids were mainly composed of cells with stem cell marker expressions. High MAF of PIK3CA mutation in a single gland as well as frequent PIK3CA mutation in stem cell‐rich spheroids that originated from a single gland suggest the role of PIK3CA mutation in stem cell propagation. This information could improve our understanding of endometrial physiology as well as stem cell‐oriented endometrial regeneration and carcinogenesis.
Progress on the study of Popeye domain‐containing 3 (POPDC3) in malignancies and striated muscle function and homeostasis
Authors: Sun Chen‐Chen , Zhao Zhe , Peng Xi‐Yang , Zheng Lan , Tang Chang‐Fa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Popeye domain‐containing protein 3 (POPDC3), a transmembrane protein with a unique cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding site, is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, with the highest levels of expression in skeletal muscle. POPDC3 plays a key role in many physiological and pathological processes and is considered a candidate biomarker and potential therapeutic target of cancer. In addition, POPDC3 gene variants have been associated with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type 26. However, there are only a few studies on the biological role of POPDC3, interacting proteins, potential downstream targets, and regulated signaling pathways. Therefore, this review focuses on the structure of POPDC3 protein, interacting molecules, and the role and mechanism in cancer, and in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and to review the current research progress of POPDC3 and propose possible future study directions.
Origins of SOPH syndrome: A study of 93 Yakut patients with review of C‐terminal phenotype
Authors: Zhozhikov Leonid , Sukhomyasova Aitalina , Gurinova Elizaveta , Nogovicina Anna , Vasilev Filipp , Maksimova Nadezhda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the first report of SOPH syndrome among the Yakut population in 2010, new clinical data of SOPH‐like conditions continue to appear. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of SOPH syndrome and perform a comparative analysis of Yakut SOPH patients' clinical data with SOPH‐like conditions reported in the world scientific literature to form a foundation for NBAS pathogenesis discussion. Clinical data from the genetic records of 93 patients with SOPH syndrome and global survey data on patients with pathogenic variants of the C‐terminal in the NBAS gene were collected. A detailed phenotype description of patients is presented with a total number of 111 individuals. Underweight below the fifth centile and prone to delayed bone age in Yakut SOPH patients are retrospectively observed. We outline the short stature with optic atrophy as the leading phenotyping trait for C‐terminal NBAS patients. The pathophysiology and patients management of SOPH‐like conditions are discussed.
Electrochemical decontamination of titanium dental implants. An in vitro biofilm model study
Authors: Virto Leire , Odeh Verónica , Garcia‐Quismondo Enrique , Herrera David , Palma Jesús , Tamimi Faleh , Sanz Mariano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to study the effect of electrochemical treatment on biofilms developed on titanium dental implants, using a six‐species in vitro model simulating subgingival oral biofilms.Materials and MethodsDirect electrical current (DC) of 0.75 V, 1.5 V, and 3 V (anodic polarization, oxidation processes) and of −0.75 V, −1.5 V, and ‐3 V (cathodic polarization, reduction processes) was applied between the working and the reference electrodes for 5 min on titanium dental implants, which have been previously inoculated with a multispecies biofilm. This electrical application consisted of a three‐electrode system where the implant was the working electrode, a platinum mesh was the counter electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode was the reference. The effect of the electrical application on the biofilm structure and bacterial composition was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was applied to study the bactericidal effect of the proposed treatment.ResultsThe electrochemical construct at 3 V and −3 V settings significantly reduced total bacterial counts (p < .05) from 3.15 × 106 to 1.85 × 105 and 2.92 × 104 live bacteria/mL, respectively. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most affected species in terms of reduction in concentration. The 0.75 V and −0.75 V treatments had no effect on the biofilm.ConclusionElectrochemical treatments had a bactericidal effect on this multispecies subgingival in vitro biofilm model, being the reduction more effective than the oxidative treatment.
The Impact of a Public Health Emergency on the Demand for Life Insurance – An Empirical Analysis Based on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Sun Ying , Li Xiaoyan , Xie Yuantao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examined changes in personal life insurance purchase decisions after a public health event by incorporating perceived health risk and regret into the expected utility function. The model predicts that the epidemic will create incremental insurance demand. Based on the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in China, we used a panel dataset of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2007 and applied the difference‐in‐differences method to confirm the prediction empirically. The results showed that the epidemic did not significantly impact the demand for life insurance in the short term but played a role in the long term. People increased their health‐care expenditure and premiums for new policies after the severe acute respiratory syndrome event, suggesting that the epidemic changed people's perceived risk and triggered anticipated regret, which increased life insurance demand. Some robustness checks also supported our findings.
Use of optimal medical therapy in patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Insights from a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , de Lemos James A. , Zheng Luke , Rosenson Robert S. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Alam Shushama , Bhatt Deepak L. , Cannon Christopher P. , Kosiborod Mikhail ,   the GOULD Investigators
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo examine improvement in the use of optimal medical therapy (OMT) for secondary prevention in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients with ASCVD (coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol of 70 mg/dl or higher were enrolled from December 2016 to July 2018 from 107 US sites/physicians (47% cardiology, 41% primary care, 12% other) and prospectively followed for 2 years (current analysis restricted to subgroup with diabetes). OMT was defined as high‐intensity lipid‐lowering (high‐intensity statin, any statin + ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor), antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant), angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ACE‐I/ARB/ARNI) (excluding glomerular filtration rate [GFR] < 30 ml/min/1.73m2) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2i)/glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) (excluding GFR < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 and type 1 diabetes).ResultsAmong 1590 patients with ASCVD and diabetes (96% type 2 diabetes), 58% were on high‐intensity lipid‐lowering therapy at the end of follow‐up, 87% antithrombotic, 71% ACE‐I/ARB/ARNI and 17% SGLT2i/GLP‐1 RA. Overall, 11% of patients received comprehensive OMT, which modestly improved over time (vs. 8% at baseline; P = .002). Patients treated by cardiologists (vs. non‐cardiologists) were more likely to be on high‐intensity lipid lowering, but less likely to be on an SGLT2i/GLP‐1 RA, and thus had lower rates of composite OMT (7.8% vs. 13.7%, P < .001). In a hierarchical multivariable model, older age was associated with lower odds of OMT (OR 0.74 per 10 years, 95% CI 0.60‐0.90), whereas private insurance (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.32‐2.84) and coronary disease (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.01‐2.61) were associated with higher odds. The median odds ratio was 1.82 (95% CI 1.03‐7.32), indicating a moderate variability in OMT use, independent of patient factors.ConclusionsWe found suboptimal use of secondary prevention in US patients with ASCVD and diabetes, with minimal improvement over time. Further efforts are needed to improve the use of secondary prevention therapies in these patients with high residual risk.
Trade costs and tax transition reform in developing countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeveloping countries are striving to reform their tax revenue structure to reduce its dependence on international trade tax revenue. The present study has investigated the effect of trade costs on this type of tax revenue structure reform (also referred in the present analysis to as ‘Tax transition Reform’—TTR) through the trade openness channel in developing countries. The analysis has used a set of 124 countries over the period from 1996 to 2019 and several econometric estimators. It shows that higher overall trade costs (notably non‐tariff costs) undermine the TTR process, notably in countries that enjoy high degrees of openness to international trade. In other words, countries that wish to pursue their TTR process, while concurrently further opening up their economies to international trade, have to reduce their trade costs.
Effects of human capital and learning rate: When organizations meet with information distortion and environmental dynamism
Authors: Dong Jiamin , Tian Min , Li Xiaomei , Crossan Mary 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study systematically evaluates the effects of human capital and learning rate under typical organizational contexts with information distortion (i.e., no distortion, individual forgetting, and information misrepresentation) and environmental conditions (i.e., personnel turnover and environmental turbulence). The multi‐agent simulation model reveals that keeping an appropriate learning rate is an efficient way to balance exploration and exploitation. Slow learning outperforms only under the contexts of both no distortion and rare personnel turnover, whereas intermediate and high learning rates are more valuable in other organizational contexts. Moreover, we find that human capital generally has a positive effect on learning performance, with an exception that when an organization faces environmental turbulence, human capital has an inverted U‐shaped relation with learning performance. This study draws implications for managing organizational learning and guiding organizations with different human capital on how to influence learning under various organizational contexts.
Whole‐genome re‐sequencing provides key genomic insights in farmed Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations of anadromous and landlocked origin from Scandinavia
Authors: Pappas Fotis , Kurta Khrystyna , Vanhala Tytti , Jeuthe Henrik , Hagen Ørjan , Beirão José , Palaiokostas Christos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a niche‐market high‐value species for Nordic aquaculture. Similar to other salmonids, both anadromous and landlocked populations are encountered. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing (22X coverage) was performed on two farmed populations of anadromous (Sigerfjord; n = 24) and landlocked (Arctic Superior; n = 24) origin from Norway and Sweden respectively. More than 5 million SNPs were used to study their genetic diversity and to scan for selection signatures. The two populations were clearly distinguished through principal component analysis, with the mean fixation index being ~0.12. Furthermore, the levels of genomic inbreeding estimated from runs of homozygosity were 6.23% and 8.66% for the Norwegian and the Swedish population respectively. Biological processes that could be linked to selection pressure associated primarily with the anadromous background and/or secondarily with domestication were suggested. Overall, our study provided insights regarding the genetic composition of two main strains of farmed Arctic charr from Scandinavia. At the same time, ample genomic resources were produced in the magnitude of millions of SNPs that could assist the transition of Nordic Arctic charr farming in the genomics era.
Climate‐influenced shifts in a highly migratory species recreational fishery
Authors: Crear Daniel P. , Curtis Tobey H. , Hutt Cliff P. , Lee Yong‐Woo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe distribution of marine species is changing as a direct result of climate change. Large pelagic highly migratory species (HMS), like tunas, billfishes, and sharks, are particularly sensitive to environmental change due to their migratory nature and use of large‐scale ocean features. These temporal and spatial shifts are likely reflected in the Atlantic HMS recreational fishery and could have downstream effects on coastal communities. We utilized dockside intercept data from the Large Pelagics Survey (LPS) from 2002 to 2019, which conducts sampling from June to October and spans Maine to Virginia, USA. We assessed how species catch composition has changed and developed spatiotemporal models to understand latitudinal and temporal shifts in the recreational catch of 12 HMS groups. Latitudinal shifts were significantly affected by Northeast Shelf SST for 11 of the 12 HMS groups and ranged from 3 ± 1 km°C−1 for the large bluefin tuna to 40 ± 1 km°C−1 for the blue shark. In addition, the estimated day of the year when the first 25% of bigeye tuna intercepts occurred, happened over 50 days earlier in 2019 compared to 2002, suggesting the initial catch is happening earlier in recent years. These results suggest that changes in species distribution and phenology are affecting where and when HMS recreational catch occurs. Understanding these shifts would allow managers to be more responsive and flexible and also help communities prepare for changes, whether it would be a switch to a new species or shifts in the fishing season.
Forced returns fuel anti‐Americanism: Evidence from U.S. deportations to Latin America
Authors: Ambrosius Christian , Meseguer Covadonga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the last two decades, forced removals have been the main feature of U.S. migration policy toward Latin America. In this research, we explore whether this policy has had implications in terms of Latin Americans’ public opinion toward their northern neighbor. We argue that deportations breed anti‐Americanism by cutting off the flow of information and money associated with emigration, which has proven to be a source of better dispositions toward the United States. Using public opinion data and municipal data on deportations in El Salvador, we show that these perceptions have worsened over time and that rates of deportation are related to this trend. By using public opinion data on Latin America and deportation rates in the region, we also show that this pattern holds beyond our case study. We call attention to destination migration policies as a source of resentment among domestic audiences, which can be capitalized by new populisms in the region.
The origins of marine fishes endemic to subtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific
Authors: Samayoa André P. , Aguirre J. David , Delrieu‐Trottin Erwan , Liggins Libby 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimLineages colonizing subtropical oceanic islands often have to overcome geographical isolation and novel climate stressors to found new populations. Historical and ecological factors influence the success of colonization and subsequent diversification, leaving a signal in the genetic constitution of the diverged, range‐restricted taxa. Here, we examined the historical biogeography of endemic marine fishes to quantify the role of geographical proximity and climate differences in determining colonization, and the underlying mechanisms of speciation.LocationSubtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific.TaxaThirty endemic marine ray‐finned fishes from 17 genera.MethodsUsing parametric biogeographical history models, we estimated the ancestral geographical ranges for 144 species based on time‐calibrated phylogenies that included endemic species and their closest sister taxa, linking terminal nodes with geographical distribution classified into 14 biogeographical areas.ResultsAncestral range estimations revealed most species originated in Australia (66%), while only 10% and 7% originated in northern tropical Pacific locations and the East Pacific respectively, with 17% of species‐range estimations being inconclusive. Vicariant events alone were identified as the most likely process shaping range evolution in 57% of the 14 best‐fitting models, dispersal alone was favoured for 14% of species and both processes had a role for the remaining 29% of species. Across all phylogenies, likelihood‐ratio tests confirmed that geographical distance and climatic differences constrained dispersal in 73% and 33% of species, respectively.Main ConclusionsMarine fishes endemic to subtropical islands of the Southwest Pacific originated by vicariant and jump‐dispersal events mainly from ancestral populations in mainland Australia. Geographical distance and climatic differences are significant taxon‐specific factors influencing the dispersal of marine fishes in the region.