bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Effectiveness of Health Warnings on Cigarette Packaging in Nigeria: A Modeling Study
Authors: Alcaraz Andrea , Adedeji Adeniran , Pichón-Riviere Andrés , Amara Ekeruche Mma , Casarini Agustín , Rodríguez Cairoli Federico , Espinola Natalia , Roberti Javier , Palacios Alfredo , Bardach Ariel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTobacco consumption is associated with nearly 30 000 deaths annually in Nigeria alongside other adverse health and economic effects. Our objective was to estimate the health and economic implications of the current cigarette labeling policies (text-only HWs); new health warnings policies in the country (adding graphic health warnings with up to 60% coverage), and plain packaging policy as recommended by the World Health Organization.Aims and MethodsWe used a probabilistic state-transition individual microsimulation model, considering natural history, healthcare costs, and quality-of-life losses associated with main tobacco-attributable diseases; and the potential effects of packaging and labeling policies. We used three scenarios: (1) text-only health warnings (HWs) covering 50% of the pack, (2) introduction of graphic HWs of 50% (and later increasing to 80%) of the pack, and (3) plain packaging with HWs covering 80% of the pack.ResultsA total of 748 deaths are averted in the current situation; 7478 and 14 208 deaths can be averted with the new policy and with plain packaging, respectively. The number of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and cancer events that could be averted by adopting text and graphic HWs are 3093, 5093, and 1346, respectively; increasing to 5876, 9676, and 2557, respectively, with plain packaging. Up to 251 794 years were lost because of early deaths and disability, and ₦144.6 billion (USD 469 million) in health costs could be saved with HWs covering 50% to 80% of the pack over 10 years. With plain packaging and graphic HWs covering 80% of the package 478,408 years and ₦274.7 billion (USD 895 million) would be saved.ConclusionsThe new cigarette labeling policy in Nigeria may yield significant health and economic benefits over 10 years. Moving the current policy to plain packaging can significantly improve these benefits.ImplicationsThe new cigarette labeling policy that Nigeria is implementing should aim to achieve 100% compliance with its current regulation and the logical next step: Plain packaging with large warnings. The present study adds evidence of the potential health effects and cost savings of these levels of implementation, which is valuable for local policymakers.
Unlocking the Potential of Genomic Data to Inform Typhoid Fever Control Policy: Supportive Resources for Genomic Data Generation, Analysis, and Visualization
Authors: Carey Megan E , Dyson Zoe A , Argimón Silvia , Cerdeira Louise , Yeats Corin , Aanensen David , Mboowa Gerald , Baker Stephen , Tessema Sofonias K , Smith Anthony M , Okeke Iruka N , Holt Kathryn E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The global response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic demonstrated the value of timely and open sharing of genomic data with standardized metadata to facilitate monitoring of the emergence and spread of new variants. Here, we make the case for the value of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) genomic data and demonstrate the utility of freely available platforms and services that support the generation, analysis, and visualization of S. Typhi genomic data on the African continent and more broadly by introducing the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention's Pathogen Genomics Initiative, SEQAFRICA, Typhi Pathogenwatch, TyphiNET, and the Global Typhoid Genomics Consortium.
Taking on Typhoid: Eliminating Typhoid Fever as a Global Health Problem
Authors: Chen Jessie , Long Jessica E , Vannice Kirsten , Shewchuk Tanya , Kumar Supriya , Duncan Steele A , Zaidi Anita K M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTyphoid fever is a significant global health problem that impacts people living in areas without access to clean water and sanitation. However, collaborative international partnerships and new research have improved both knowledge of the burden in countries with endemic disease and the tools for improved surveillance, including environmental surveillance. Two typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) have achieved World Health Organization prequalification, with several more in the development pipeline. Despite hurdles posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, multiple TCV efficacy trials have been conducted in high-burden countries, and data indicate that TCVs provide a high degree of protection from typhoid fever, are safe to use in young children, provide lasting protection, and have the potential to combat typhoid antimicrobial resistance. Now is the time to double down on typhoid control and elimination by sustaining progress made through water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements and accelerating TCV introduction in high-burden locations.
Nitrogen-regulated antisense transcription in the adaptation to nitrogen deficiency in Nostoc sp. PCC 7120
Authors: Brenes-Álvarez Manuel , Vioque Agustín , Muro-Pastor Alicia M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transcriptomic analyses using high-throughput methods have revealed abundant antisense transcription in bacteria. Antisense transcription is often due to the overlap of mRNAs with long 5′ or 3′ regions that extend beyond the coding sequence. In addition, antisense RNAs that do not contain any coding sequence are also observed. Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 is a filamentous cyanobacterium that, under nitrogen limitation, behaves as a multicellular organism with division of labor among two different cell types that depend on each other, the vegetative CO2-fixing cells and the nitrogen-fixing heterocysts. The differentiation of heterocysts depends on the global nitrogen regulator NtcA and requires the specific regulator HetR. To identify antisense RNAs potentially involved in heterocyst differentiation, we assembled the Nostoc transcriptome using RNA-seq analysis of cells subjected to nitrogen limitation (9 or 24 h after nitrogen removal) in combination with a genome-wide set of transcriptional start sites and a prediction of transcriptional terminators. Our analysis resulted in the definition of a transcriptional map that includes &gt;4,000 transcripts, 65% of which contain regions in antisense orientation to other transcripts. In addition to overlapping mRNAs, we identified nitrogen-regulated noncoding antisense RNAs transcribed from NtcA- or HetR-dependent promoters. As an example of this last category, we further analyzed an antisense (as_gltA) of the gene-encoding citrate synthase and showed that transcription of as_gltA takes place specifically in heterocysts. Since the overexpression of as_gltA reduces citrate synthase activity, this antisense RNA could eventually contribute to the metabolic remodeling that occurs during the differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts.
Intellectual Humility: How Recognizing the Fallibility of Our Beliefs and Owning Our Limits May Create a Better Relationship Between the Physical Therapy Profession and Disability
Authors: Schwab Sarah M , Silva Paula L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Despite the many advancements over the history of the profession, physical therapy remains in a somewhat paradoxical relationship with disability. The physical therapist profession values disability as diversity but continues to focus on the normalization of body functions as the primary means to promote functionality in people with disability. This focus, consistent with a medicalized view of disability, may prevent physical therapists from empowering individuals with disability to explore alternative, yet effective, perceptual-motor strategies to achieve their functional goals. Additionally, recent research documents implicit, negative biases of physical therapists and physical therapist assistants toward people with disability, again consistent with the medicalized view that disability is the product of an imperfectly functioning body. Dominant underlying beliefs in any profession are often difficult to counter because they are so pervasive, and those beliefs can be reinforced and made stronger when challenged. The purpose of this Perspective article is to introduce physical therapists to a rising construct in psychology—intellectual humility—that may help to facilitate the profession’s relationship with disability. Intellectual humility is predicated on recognizing the fallibility of one’s beliefs and related practices. Intellectual humility is a promising construct for physical therapy to address the disability paradox and confront implicit attitudes that have served as the basis for many dominant ideas about disability. This Perspective synthesizes views and evidence from the behavioral and social sciences, philosophy, and critical disability studies to contribute to the ongoing evolution of the profession with respect to disability.

Impact
The development of enhanced intellectual humility in physical therapy may help to challenge long-held beliefs among physical therapists about disability—many of which are unnoticed, unquestioned, and difficult to counter.
Psychometric Properties and Diagnostic Associations of the Short-Form Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in a Population-Based Sample of 29 021 Adult Men
Authors: Birkenæs Viktoria , Refsum Bakken Nora , Frei Evgeniia , Jaholkowski Piotr , Smeland Olav B , Tesfaye Markos , Agartz Ingrid , Susser Ezra , Bresnahan Michaeline , Røysamb Espen , Nordbø Jørgensen Kjetil , Nesvåg Ragnar , Havdahl Alexandra , Andreassen Ole A , Elken Sønderby Ida 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Around 5%–7% of the adult population are estimated to have lifetime psychotic experiences (PEs), which are associated with psychosis risk. PEs assessed with Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) are associated with psychosis but also non-psychotic disorders, which could be partly explained by CAPE indirectly capturing emotional symptoms. We investigated the psychometric properties of a shorter version, CAPE-9, and whether CAPE-9 scores are associated with lifetime psychotic or non-psychotic mental disorders after controlling for current anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Design
CAPE-9 questionnaire data were obtained from 29 021 men (42.4 ± 5.6 yrs.) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. We investigated CAPE-9 reliability and factor structure. Logistic regression was used to test effects of current anxiety and depressive symptoms (SCL-12) on associations between CAPE-9 scores and psychiatric diagnoses.

Results
CAPE-9 fit a previously reported 3-factor structure and showed good reliability. Twenty-six percent reported at least one lifetime PE. CAPE-9 scores were significantly associated with most psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, anxiety, trauma-related disorders, and ADHD). After controlling for concurrent emotional symptoms, only associations with schizophrenia (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.18–1.38) and trauma-related disorders (OR = 1.09; CI = 1.02–1.15) remained significant.

Conclusions
CAPE-9 showed good psychometric properties in this large population-based adult male sample, and PEs were more clearly associated with psychotic disorders after controlling for current emotional symptoms. These results support the use of the short CAPE-9 as a cost-effective tool for informing public health initiatives and advancing our understanding of the dimensionality of psychosis.
Negative Symptom Trajectories in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Differences Based on Deficit Syndrome, Persistence, and Transition Status
Authors: Tran Tanya , Spilka Michael J , Raugh Ian M , Strauss Gregory P , Bearden Carrie E , Cadenhead Kristin S , Cannon Tyrone D , Cornblatt Barbara A , Keshavan Matcheri , Mathalon Daniel H , McGlashan Thomas H , Perkins Diana O , Seidman Larry J , Stone William S , Tsuang Ming T , Walker Elaine F , Woods Scott W , Addington Jean M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Negative symptom trajectory in clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is ill defined. This study aimed to better characterize longitudinal patterns of change in negative symptoms, moderators of change, and differences in trajectories according to clinical subgroups. We hypothesized that negative symptom course will be nonlinear in CHR. Clinical subgroups known to be more severe variants of psychotic illness—deficit syndrome (DS), persistent negative syndrome (PNS), and acute psychosis onset—were expected to show more severe baseline symptoms, slower rates of change, and less stable rates of symptom resolution.

Study Design
Linear, curvilinear, and stepwise growth curve models, with and without moderators, were fitted to negative symptom ratings from the NAPLS-3 CHR dataset (N = 699) and within clinical subgroups.

Study Results
Negative symptoms followed a downward curvilinear trend, with marked improvement 0–6 months that subsequently stabilized (6–24 months), particularly among those with lower IQ and functioning. Clinical subgroups had higher baseline ratings, but distinct symptom courses; DS vs non-DS: more rapid initial improvement, similar stability of improvements; PNS vs non-PNS: similar rates of initial improvement and stability; transition vs no transition: slower rate of initial improvement, with greater stability of this rate.

Conclusions
Continuous, frequent monitoring of negative symptoms in CHR is justified by 2 important study implications: (1) The initial 6 months of CHR program enrollment may be a key window for improving negative symptoms as less improvement is likely afterwards, (2) Early identification of clinical subgroups may inform distinct negative symptom trajectories and treatment needs.
Quad-channel broadband compact multi-antenna GNSS down-converter for high-reliability navigation
Authors: Wang Riyan , Li Bin , He Hongyin , Yang Kunming , Feng Wei , Chen Zhijian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A high-reliability broadband high-linearity down-converter for multi-antenna global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver is presented in this paper. Based on direction-of-arrival estimation, the multi-antenna GNSS receiver can separate the GNSS signals from the interfering signals and suppress harmful broadband radio frequency interferences. To drive the off-chip 50 Ω resistive load and meet the stringent requirements of linearity, a quad-channel down-converter with a broadband common-gate low-noise transconductance amplifier, current-driven passive mixer and novel bridge mode transimpedance driving amplifier have been proposed to contruct the multi-antenna receiver. The operating frequency of this down-converter is from 1.15 to 1.65 GHz, covering all bands for global positioning system (GPS), Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) and Galileo. The measured results show that the proposed quad-channel down-converter achieves +38 dBm output 3rd order intercept point (OIP3) and +17 dBm OP1dB (output-referred 1 dB compression point), 9.5 dB to 12.9 dB noise figure (NF) across the variable gain of 10 dB to 27 dB and approximately 47 dB channel isolation.
Progression to cirrhosis is similar among all ages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but liver-related events increase with age
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Harding-Theobald Emily , DiBattista Jacob V. , Zhao Zhe , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Lok Anna S. , Chen Vincent L. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
NAFLD is increasingly common among young people. Whether NAFLD carries a more benign course in younger adults is not known. We aimed to characterize genetic and metabolic risk factors for NAFLD and their effects on disease progression across age groups.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study of adults with NAFLD seen within Michigan Medicine, a tertiary care center, between 2010 and 2021. NAFLD was defined by hepatic steatosis on imaging, biopsy, or transient elastography in the absence of other chronic liver diseases. Cirrhosis was determined by validated International Classification of Diseases-9/10 codes or imaging. Fine-Gray competing risk models were generated, with incident cirrhosis and liver-related events (LREs) as the primary outcomes and death without cirrhosis or LREs as a competing risk. The primary predictor was the age category.

Results:
We included 31,505 patients with NAFLD, with 8,252 aged 18 to younger than 40, 15,035 aged 40 to younger than 60, and 8,218 aged 60 years or older years at diagnosis. Compared with older patients, young adults more often had obesity, higher ALT, and high-risk PNPLA3 alleles, and fewer had prevalent cirrhosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. The 10-year risk of incident cirrhosis was similar between ages (3.4% in age 18 to <40 vs 3.7% in age 40 to <60 vs 4.7% in age ≥60; p = 0.058). Predictors of LREs were advancing age and diabetes, with a significantly higher 10-year risk of LREs in the oldest age group (0.2% in age 18 to <40 vs 0.7% in age 40 to <60 vs 1.1% in age ≥60; p = 0.008).

Conclusions:
While the baseline prevalence of cirrhosis was higher among older adults, the rate of NAFLD progression to cirrhosis was similar in young and older adults. Older patients were more likely to have LREs.
Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in stage 4 macular hole with epiretinal proliferation
Authors: Uemura Akinori , Miyake Syoki , Funatsu Ryoh , Yamakiri Keita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of stage 4 macular holes (MHs) with epiretinal proliferation (EP) and explore the pathogenesis of MH formation.

Methods:
This retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for stage 4 MH. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of EP. Baseline characteristics, optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of MHs, and surgical outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results:
EP was detected in 31 of 102 eyes with stage 4 MH (30%). Patients with EP were older (p = 0.044), predominantly male (p = 0.047), had a greater axial length (p = 0.008), and had better preoperative visual acuity (p < 0.001) than those without EP. On OCT, eyes with EP had more epiretinal membrane and intraretinal splitting (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) than those without EP. The hole closure rate after primary surgery was comparable, and visual acuity at 6 months after surgery was significantly better in eyes with EP than those without EP (p = 0.036). In 9 eyes with EP, the medical record documented the presence of complete posterior vitreous detachment before MH development.

Conclusion:
Patients of stage 4 MH with EP were older, predominantly male, and had better pre- and postoperative visual acuity compared with those without EP. The differences in demographic characteristics and OCT findings suggest that the pathogenesis of stage 4 MH with EP is different from that of stage 4 MH without EP.
SUBRETINAL PHIALOPHORA ABSCESS IN CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
Authors: Castillejo Becerra Clara M. , Kaplan Tyler M. , Mogil Rachel S. , Olsen Timothy W. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To report a rare case of a subretinal Phialophora richardsiae abscess in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.

Methods:
A 21-year-old man with chronic granulomatous disease and a history of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presented with progressive loss of vision and pain in his left eye. He was found to have a subretinal abscess with a macula involving serous retinal detachment. A diagnostic and therapeutic pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal biopsy with debridement, inferior retinectomy, and silicone oil tamponade were performed. Intraoperative cultures grew Pleurostoma (Phialophora) richardsiae. He was treated with systemic liposomal amphotericin B and high-dose posaconazole. However, his eye eventually required enucleation.

Results:
Preoperative visual acuity was light perception on the left eye and improved to count fingers at 4 weeks postoperative. However, VA rapidly declined to light perception, and he developed an opaque white cataract, iris neovascularization, posterior synechiae, and corectopia. The retina remained attached under silicone oil. Histopathology revealed granuloma formation and active fungal elements.

Discussion/Conclusion:
The case supports the importance of vitreoretinal surgery to determine a definitive systemic diagnosis. Treatment of Phialophora infection is surgically challenging to manage and has a poor visual prognosis in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
Safety and Current Status of the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Breast cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study from China
Authors: Zhang Shaohua , Li Jianbin , Xu Ruonan , Chen Qianjun , Sun Gang , Lin Ying , Jin Feng , Liu Xinlan , Fan Zhimin , Chen Yiding , Cao Yali , Li Xinzheng , Nie Jianyun , Xu Guiying , Wang Xiaojia , Teng Yuee , Sun Tao , Liu Hong , Luo Jing , Geng Cuizhi , Li Man , Luo Ting , Liu Yinhua , Wang Fu-Sheng , Jiang Zefei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the safety and vaccination coverage data of Chinese patients with breast cancer receiving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The patients were recruited from 41 hospitals across 20 Chinese provinces. The vaccination coverage was approximately 22.4%, and the frequency of total adverse events was 13.3% after the first dose and 9.9% after the second dose. The most frequent adverse reaction within 14 days of the first dose was local pain (5.7%). Unvaccinated patients were very likely to reject the vaccine rather than be hesitant in patients with old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.238; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.101–1.391), chronic disease history (OR, 1.189; 95% CI, 1.057–1.337), and cancer relapse (OR, 1.398; 95% CI, 1.233–1.585). Of the unvaccinated patients with breast cancer, 54.1% opted to receive COVID-19 vaccines if more data were available. Considering the safety but low vaccination coverage for breast cancer, increased positive attitudes and acceptance toward COVID-19 vaccines are important.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Predict the Development and Numbers of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders in a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Hegmann Kurt T. , Thiese Matthew S. , Wood Eric M. , Kapellusch Jay , Foster James C. , Drury David L. , Kendall Richard , Merryweather Andrew S. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to assess risk of common musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores.MethodsData from a 9-year prospective cohort of 1224 workers in three states were analyzed. Baseline data included questionnaires, structured interviews, physical examinations, anthropometric measurements, nerve conduction studies, and individualized measurement of job physical factors. Monthly follow-ups were conducted. Framingham risk scores were calculated. A priori case definitions were constructed for carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylopathy, medial epicondylopathy, and rotator cuff tendinopathy.ResultsAdjusted RRs for one or more MSDs increased to 3.90 (95% confidence interval, 2.20–6.90) among those with 10-year cardiovascular disease risk scores greater than 15% and 17.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.85–78.62) among those with more than 4 disorders.ConclusionsCardiovascular disease factors are strongly associated with the subsequent development of common MSDs. Risks among those with multiple MSDs are considerably stronger.