bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociocultural discrepancy in archaeological sites of Mexico: an overview of the situation in the state of Morelos
Authors: Gonzalez Armenta Emmanuel David 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe aim is to expose the lack of recognition of archaeological sites as a symbolic identity and cultural integrator, showcasing how a deconstructed ideal of public policies and social practices resulted from mismanagement in the processes of safeguarding the historical culture of the sites. It is intended to highlight this discrepancy as to raise awareness on the equivocal direction these complications are heading to and to stress the advocacy for knowledge dissemination government sectors should aim on promoting.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws substantively on the analysis of case studies at state and national level. The archaeological cultural value interpretation is supported by the analysis of historical records such as exploration logs, government organizations’ workbooks, norms and regulations of archaeological conservation and literature review. The current deconstructed cultural value of archaeological sites is interpreted given trends of promotion of archaeological heritage, which ultimately resulted in a misconception of origins.FindingsThe subsequent analysis shows that present-day political and social activities on archaeological sites are predisposed by a mismanagement of cultural promotion. The preference for activities that differ from indigenous traditions, commercialization of culture and urban growth have diverged the ideal of culture integration and knowledge dissemination these sites were rescued for, leading to the ignorance of the population towards their cultural value. This phenomenon demonstrates that archaeology in Morelos is currently submerged in a misconception of origins.Originality/valueThe article aims to expose an array of references to issues of the usefulness of archaeological heritage for political and economic purposes as a referent for future studies.
Chronic alcohol intake regulates expression of SARS‐CoV2 infection‐relevant genes in an organ‐specific manner
Authors: Friske Marion M. , Giannone Francesco , Senger Mona , Seitz Robin , Hansson Anita C. , Spanagel Rainer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder have a tremendous impact on the patient's psychological and physiological health. There is evidence that chronic alcohol consumption influences SARS‐CoV2 infection risk, but so far, the molecular mechanism underlying such an effect is unknown.MethodsWe generated the expression data of SARS‐CoV2 infection‐relevant genes (Ace2, Tmprss2, and Mas) in different organs in rat models of chronic alcohol exposure and alcohol dependence. Ace2 and Tmprss2 represent the virus entry point, whereas Mas activates the anti‐inflammatory response once the cells are infected.ResultsAcross three different chronic alcohol test conditions, we found a consistent upregulation of Ace2 gene expression in the lung, which has been shown to be the most affected organ in COVID‐19 patients. Other organs such as liver, ileum, kidney, heart, and brain also showed upregulation of Ace2 and Mas gene expression but less consistently across the different animal models, while Tmprss2 expression was unaffected in all conditions.ConclusionsWe conclude that alcohol‐induced upregulation of Ace2 gene expression can lead to an elevated stochastic probability of virus entry into cells and may thus confer a molecular risk for SARS‐CoV2 infection.
Melanoma diagnosis at a specialist dermatology practice without the use of photographic surveillance
Authors: Brown Hilary , De'Ambrosis Brian , Yong‐Gee Simon , Griffin Alison , Muir James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivePhotographic aides are increasingly used in melanoma surveillance. We report melanoma characteristics detected using traditional surveillance without photographic technologies.MethodsRetrospective study of melanomas diagnosed by three dermatologists at a private dermatology practice over 7 years. Patients underwent full skin examinations with dermoscopy and suspect lesions were excised or biopsied. Total body photography (TBP) and serial digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) were not used. Patient demographics, melanoma subtype and thickness, location, biopsy technique and keratinocyte cancers diagnosed at the same visit were recorded. Ratio of in situ to invasive melanomas was calculated. Melanoma risk factors were recorded for 69 randomly‐selected patients.Results492 patients were diagnosed with 615 melanomas during 579 visits. 505 (82%) were in situ (in situ to invasive ratio of 4.6:1). Of the invasive melanomas, 85.5% had a Breslow thickness <0.8 mm, 10 (9.1%) 0.8–1 mm and 6 (5.5%) >1 mm. 43.3% of in situ melanomas were lentiginous or lentigo maligna and 41.6% were superficial spreading melanomas (SSM). Of invasive melanomas, 24.3% were lentigo maligna melanoma and 59.5% were SSM. 48.4% of melanomas were diagnosed by shave procedures. Where risk factors were known, 25% were very‐high‐risk and 43% had a history of melanoma. Keratinocyte carcinoma was diagnosed by biopsy at 26.1% of visits.Studies using TBP and/or SDDI report in situ to invasive ratios of 0.59:1 to 2.17:1.ConclusionTradiational melanoma surveillance with immediate biopsy of suspect lesions results in high in situ to invasive ratios. Studies using photographic surveillance show lower ratios of in situ to invasive disease.
Comprehensive management of post‐LASIK ectasia: From prevention to treatment
Authors: Zhao Liting , Yin Yewei , Hu Tu , Du Kaixuan , Lu Ying , Fu Qiuman , Zhang Yanni , Wu Xiaoying , Li Yuanjun , Wen Dan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPost‐laser in situ keratomileusis (post‐LASIK) ectasia (PLE) is one of the most serious complications after refractive surgery, mainly manifested as progressive thinning and trembling thinning of the cornea, accompanied by increased myopia and astigmatism. The mechanisms behind mainly include genetic risk factors and external environmental factors such as eye rubbing and cornea surgery. In order to achieve the goal of reducing the incidence of ectasia, preoperative screening strategies need to be continuously improved, through the collection and assessment of genetic and environmental risk factors. Although previous preoperative screening methods did not have a uniform standard, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) can help us process a large amount of information and make rational use of the data. By using high‐fidelity finite element modelling, differences in preoperative and postoperative strain distributions can be observed, which can predict the risk of postoperative ectasia. In this review, we describe the incidence, aetiology, prevention and treatment of PLE for the purpose of comprehensive management. In terms of treatment, corneal collagen cross‐linking has been widely used to treat progressive keratoconus and other ectasia disease, either as a preventive measure during surgery or as a therapeutic modality after surgery to prevent progression of corneal dilation. Although the standard Dresden protocol has been identified as the gold standard treatment for corneal dilatation, a series of refinements, investigations and long‐term studies have been conducted in recent years. Thus, understanding the factors involved in delaying the onset and slowing progression of cornea ectasia will be key to reducing the incidence worldwide.
Improved obstetric management after implementation of a scaled‐up quality improvement intervention: A nested before‐after study in three public hospitals in Nepal
Authors: Litorp Helena , Målqvist Mats , Sunny Avinash K. , Gurung Abhishek , Gurung Rejina , KC Ashish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the change in obstetric management after implementation of a quality improvement intervention, the Nepal Perinatal Quality Improvement Package (NePeriQIP).MethodsThe Nepal Perinatal Quality Improvement Package was a stepped‐wedge cluster‐randomized controlled trial conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal between April 2017 and October 2018. In this study, three hospitals allocated at different time points to the intervention were selected for a nested before–after analysis. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to compare obstetric management in the control vs intervention group.ResultsThere were 25 977 deliveries in the three hospitals during the study period: 10 207 (39%) in the control and 15 770 (61%) in the intervention group. After adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, education, gestational age, stage of labor at admission, complications during labor, and birthweight, the intervention group had a higher proportion of fetal heart rate monitoring performed as per protocol (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.27), shorter time intervals between each fetal heart rate monitoring (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96–2.23), a higher likelihood of abnormal fetal heart rate being detected (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.25–1.68), progress of labor more often being recorded immediately after per vaginal examination (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 2.55–2.93), and partograph filled as per standards (aOR 3.18, 95% CI 2.98–3.50). The cesarean birth rate was 2.5% in the control group and 8.2% in the intervention group (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 2.64–3.68).ConclusionsThe NePeriQIP intervention has potential to improve obstetric care, especially intrapartum fetal surveillance, in similar low‐resource settings.
The economic burden associated with stillbirth: A systematic review
Authors: Veettil Sajesh K. , Kategeaw Warittakorn , Hejazi Andre , Workalemahu Tsegaselassie , Rothwell Erin , Silver Robert M. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the economic burden of stillbirth is limited. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify studies focusing on the economic burden of stillbirth, describe the methods used, and summarize the findings.MethodWe performed a systematic search in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and EconLit from inception to July 2021. Original studies reporting the cost of illness, economic burden, or health care expenditures related to stillbirth were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated study quality using the Larg and Moss checklist. A narrative synthesis was performed. Costs were presented in US dollars (US$) in 2020.ResultsFrom the 602 records identified, a total of four studies were included. Eligible studies were from high‐income countries. Only one study estimated both direct and indirect costs. Among three cost‐of‐illness studies, two studies undertook a prevalence‐based approach. The quality of these studies varied and was substantially under‐reported. Four studies describing direct costs ranged from $6934 to $9220 per stillbirth. Indirect costs account for around 97% of overall costs. No studies have incorporated intangible cost components.ConclusionsThe economic burden of stillbirth has been underestimated and not extensively studied. There are no data on the cost of stillbirth from countries that bear a higher burden of stillbirth. Extensive variation in methodologies and cost components was observed in the studies reviewed. Future research should incorporate all costs, including intangible costs, to provide a comprehensive picture of the true economic impact of stillbirth on society.
Skin‐to‐skin contact in mothers with suspected, probable, or confirmed COVID‐19
Authors: Saus‐Ortega Carlos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) in newborns of mothers with COVID‐19, applying infection prevention and control measures, and after a process of antenatal counseling on the possible risks and benefits. In this study, the reasons given for and against postnatal SSC in mothers with COVID‐19 were reviewed.MethodBetween November and December 2020, we conducted a scoping review. Twenty‐six relevant studies were identified. The results were extracted and presented narratively.ResultsThe reasons described for avoiding SSC have include contradictory recommendations, risk of virus transmission, impossibility of universal antepartum maternal screening for COVID‐19, work overload, and ethical considerations. The reasons given for the maintenance of SSC include maternal and infant benefits of SSC, previous experiences in viral outbreaks, protection of newborns against infections, decreased contact with professionals, caregivers and surfaces, and preservation of natural processes.ConclusionsThe recommendation to allow SSC is based primarily on the acceptance that horizontal perinatal transmission is unlikely if correct hygiene precautions are taken and that the benefits of SSC outweigh the potential risks of neonatal COVID‐19 infection. Knowing the reasons that have motivated the current recommendations on SSC is essential to be able to carry out an effective prenatal parental education that allows a shared decision to be made.
Immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant: The parents’ perspective
Authors: Batsis Irini , Bucuvalas John , Eisenberg Elizabeth , Lau Jennifer , Squires James E. , Feng Sandy , Perito Emily R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFor children with liver transplants (LT), achieving an “ideal outcome” is a balancing act: too little immunosuppression begets graft injury; too much begets systemic complications. We aimed to delineate the parental perspective on this tightrope.MethodsParents of children with LT completed an internet‐based survey about their child's immunosuppression.ResultsChildren of respondents (n = 82) were a median 4 years from primary LT (range 0–22); 73% were on immunosuppression monotherapy. Parents’ top concerns were related to immunosuppression complications; 46% were more concerned about immunosuppression complications than rejection; only 17% were more concerned about rejection than immunosuppression complications. Among parents of children on immunosuppression monotherapy, 29% still worried more about immunosuppression complications than rejection, 48% expressed equal concern for both. Time since LT (0‐4 vs. >4 years) was not associated with concern level for rejection or immunosuppression complications. Caregivers were significantly more certain that their child's immunosuppression regimen was correct to prevent rejection than to mitigate complications (p < .005).ConclusionCaregivers of children with LTs reported higher levels of concern and uncertainty about immunosuppression complications than rejection risk. Understanding parent and patient perspectives on IS, and incorporating them into immunosuppression counseling and decision‐making, is critical to achieving truly “ideal” long‐term outcomes.
Prey resources are equally important as climatic conditions for predicting the distribution of a broad‐ranged apex predator
Authors: Sutton Luke J. , Anderson David L. , Franco Miguel , McClure Christopher J. W. , Miranda Everton B. P. , Vargas F. Hernán , Vargas González José de J. , Puschendorf Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimA current biogeographic paradigm states that climate regulates species distributions at continental scales and that biotic interactions are undetectable at coarse‐grain extents. However, advances in spatial modelling show that incorporating food resource distributions are important for improving model predictions at large distribution scales. This is particularly relevant to understand the factors limiting the distribution of widespread apex predators whose diets are likely to vary across their range.LocationNeotropical Central and South America.MethodsThe harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a large raptor, whose diet is largely comprised of arboreal mammals, all with broad distributions across Neotropical lowland forest. Here, we used a hierarchical modelling approach to determine the relative importance of abiotic factors and prey resource distribution on harpy eagle range limits. Our hierarchical approach consisted of the following modelling sequence of explanatory variables: (a) abiotic covariates, (b) prey resource distributions predicted by an equivalent modelling for each prey, (c) the combination of (a) and (b), and (d) as in (c) but with prey resources considered as a single prediction equivalent to prey species richness.ResultsIncorporating prey distributions improved model predictions but using solely biotic covariates still resulted in a high‐performing model. In the Abiotic model, Climatic Moisture Index (CMI) was the most important predictor, contributing 76% to model prediction. Three‐toed sloth (Bradypus spp.) was the most important prey resource, contributing 64% in a combined Abiotic‐Biotic model, followed by CMI contributing 30%. Harpy eagle distribution had high environmental overlap across all individual prey distributions, with highest coincidence through Central America, eastern Colombia, and across the Guiana Shield into northern Amazonia.Main ConclusionsWith strong reliance on prey distributions across its range, harpy eagle conservation programmes must therefore consider its most important food resources as a key element in the protection of this threatened raptor.
The role of fire in terrestrial vertebrate richness patterns
Authors: Moritz Max A. , Batllori Enric , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProductivity is strongly associated with terrestrial species richness patterns, although the mechanisms underpinning such patterns have long been debated. Despite considerable consumption of primary productivity by fire, its influence on global diversity has received relatively little study. Here we examine the sensitivity of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity (amphibians, birds and mammals) to fire, while accounting for other drivers. We analyse global data on terrestrial vertebrate richness, net primary productivity, fire occurrence (fraction of productivity consumed) and additional influences unrelated to productivity (i.e., historical phylogenetic and area effects) on species richness. For birds, fire is associated with higher diversity, rivalling the effects of productivity on richness, and for mammals, fire's positive association with diversity is even stronger than productivity; for amphibians, in contrast, there are few clear associations. Our findings suggest an underappreciated role for fire in the generation of animal species richness and the conservation of global biodiversity.
Three‐dimensional correlative light and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy reveals the distribution and ultrastructure of lanceolate nerve endings surrounding terminal hair follicles in human scalp skin
Authors: Yamanishi Haruyo , Iwabuchi Tokuro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLanceolate nerve endings (LNEs) surrounding hair follicles (HFs) play an important role in detecting hair deflection. Complexes of the LNEs form a palisade‐like structure along the longitudinal axis of hair roots in which axons are sandwiched between two processes of terminal Schwann cells (tSCs) at the isthmus of HFs. The structure and molecular mechanism of LNEs in animal sinus hair, pelage, and human vellus hairs have been investigated. Despite the high density of HFs in human scalp skin, the LNEs in human terminal HFs have not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to reveal the distribution and ultrastructure of LNEs in terminal HFs of human scalp skin. Using light‐sheet microscopy and immunostaining, the LNEs were observed at one terminal HF but not at the other terminal HFs in the same follicular unit. The ultrastructure of the LNEs of terminal HFs in human scalp skin was characterized using correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Confocal laser microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of serial transverse sections of HFs revealed that LNEs were aligned adjacent to the basal lamina outside the outer root sheath (ORS), at the isthmus of terminal HFs, and adjacent to CD200‐positive ORS cells in the upper bulge region. Moreover, axons with abundant mitochondria were sandwiched between tSCs. Three‐dimensional CLEM, specifically confocal laser microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, of stained serial transverse sections revealed that LNEs were wrapped with type I and type II tSCs, with the processes protruding from the space between the Schwann cells. Moreover, the ultrastructures of LNEs at miniaturized HFs were similar to those of LNEs at terminal HFs. Preembedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Piezo‐type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (Piezo2), a gated ion channel, was in axons and tSCs and adjacent to the cell membrane of axons and tSCs, suggesting that LNEs function as mechanosensors. The number of LNEs increased as the diameter of the ORS decreased, suggesting that LNEs dynamically adapt to the HF environment as terminal HFs miniaturize into vellus‐like hair. These findings will provide insights for investigations of mechanosensory organs, aging, and re‐innervation during wound healing.
Wild boar versus domestic pig—Deciphering of crown growth in porcine second molars
Authors: Emken Simon , Witzel Carsten , Kierdorf Uwe , Frölich Kai , Kierdorf Horst 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBased on the previously established periodicity of enamel growth marks, we reconstructed crown growth parameters of mandibular second molars from two wild boar and two domestic pigs of the Linderöd breed. Body weight gain and progression of dental development were markedly faster in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. While the final crown dimensions of the M2 did not differ between domestic pigs and wild boar, mean crown formation time (CFT) of this tooth was considerably shorter in the domestic pigs (162 days) than in the wild boar (205 days). The difference in CFT was mainly attributable to a higher enamel extension rate (EER) in the domestic pig. Generally, EER was highest in the cuspalmost deciles of the length of the enamel‐dentine‐junction and markedly dropped in cervical direction, with lowest values occurring in the cervicalmost decile. In consequence, the cuspal half of the M2 crown was formed about three times faster than the cervical half. In contrast to the EER, no marked difference in daily enamel secretion rate (DSR) was recorded between domestic pigs and wild boar. The duration of enamel matrix apposition as well as linear enamel thickness in corresponding crown portions was only slightly lower in the domestic pigs than the wild boar. Thus, the earlier completion of M2 crown growth in the domestic pig was mainly achieved by a higher EER and not by an increased DSR. The more rapid recruitment of secretory ameloblasts in the course of molar crown formation of domestic pigs compared to wild boar is considered a side‐effect of the selection for rapid body growth during pig domestication.