bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid-term Results of Two-Stage Tendon Reconstruction of Zone II Flexor Tendon Injuries
Authors: Karakaplan M , Kilinç Ö , Ceylan MF , Ertem K , Aslantürk O 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Secondary repair of flexor tendon injuries remains a challenging procedure for hand surgeons. Usually, secondary reconstruction should be performed by a staged approach. Two-stage surgical reconstruction of the flexor tendons by the Hunter technique is the salvage option in case of a severely damaged fibro-osseous canal or neglected flexor tendon injury.

Aims:
We report the results of staged flexor tendon reconstruction in 10 patients (10 fingers) with neglected or failed primary repair of flexor tendon injuries in zone II.

Materials and Methods:
Between 2012-2016, patients who underwent two-stage tendon reconstruction due to flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) sectioning or tearing in zone II with destruction of flexor pulleys and extensive scarring in the flexor tendon bed were included in the study.

Results:
Ten patients included to study with a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 12–70 months) and the results were assessed by clinical examination and questionnaire. According to the Strickland score, one (20%) of the results were excellent, five (50%) were good, two (20%) were fair and two (20%) were poor. After the second stage, good to excellent results were achieved in 60% of patients, one patient needed graft tenolysis. These results were similar to the subjective scores given by the patients, four of whom complained of functional problems in daily life at follow-up. There was no complication after the first stage. But after the second stage, there was one bowstringing and one adhesion that require tenolysis.

Conclusions:
Hunter technique is still the reference procedure for the reconstruction of flexor tendons. The results of our study showed that two-stage tendon reconstruction which is applied in patients with tendon sheath disruption as a result of acute or delayed tendon injuries which are not possible for primary repair is reliable and satisfactory.
Effect of Different Polymerization Times on Color Change, Translucency Parameter, and Surface Hardness of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites
Authors: Gonder HY , Fidan M 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Polymerization plays an important role in the optical and mechanical properties resin composite materials.

Aim:
The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different polymerization times on the color change, translucency parameter (TP), and surface hardness of resin composites after thermocycling.

Materials and Methods:
Microhybrid resin composite (Filtek Z250; used in the control group) and bulk-fill resin composites (Filtek One Bulk-Fill Restorative, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill) were used. Each bulk-fill composite was placed as a single layer. Polymerization of the bulk-fill composites in the first group was completed in 20 s, and that in the second group was completed in 40 s (n = 10). Filtek Z250's polymerization was completed with 2 mm (20 s) + 2 mm (20 s). The color change (ΔE
00) and translucency parameter (TP
00) were calculated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Before and after thermocycling, the TP and surface hardness values were measured. The data were analyzed using one- and two-way analysis of variance, paired-samples t-test, and Tukey's test (P < 0.05).

Results:
After thermocycling, the ΔE
00 values of the resin composite samples were 1.66–2.56. Compared to the control group, the Filtek One Bulk-Fill 20 s group exhibited the lowest color change values. The Filtek Z250 group exhibited lower TP and significantly higher microhardness values than the other bulk-fill resin groups before and after thermocycling (P < 0.05). There were no observed differences in the Tetric N-Ceram and Tetric EvoCeram groups before and after thermocycling.

Conclusion:
Under the conditions of 10,000 thermal cycles, different curing times did not affect the color change and hardness values of the bulk-fill materials. However, differences were observed among the composite materials. After thermocycling, the surface hardness and TP values decreased in all the resin composites. Depending on the material content, effective results can be obtained from the 20 s polymerization of bulk-fill resin composites.
Prevalence of Hypercementosis and Frequency of Possible Etiological Factors in a Turkish Subpopulation
Authors: Defne Yalçın Yeler , İlknur Eninanç , Melike Koraltan , Sümeyya Baybars , Fatmanur Ketenci , Yener Ünal 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and types of hypercementosis and the frequency of possible etiological factors in a large sample of Turkish central Anatolian population.

Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed using panoramic radiographs of 1176 randomly selected adult patients with an age range of 18–96 years, who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University (Sivas, Turkey) for dental care. Patients were questioned about the presence of systemic diseases. Panoramic radiographs of the patients were examined for the presence and types of hypercementosis (diffuse, focal and shirt sleeve cuff) and the frequency of local factors that may be associated with hypercementosis. Chi-square and t-tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Hypercementosis was detected in 128 of 1176 patients. In total, 85.6% of the teeth with hypercementosis had a diffuse, 7.5% had a focal, and 6.8% had a shirt sleeve cuff type. Hypercementosis was observed most frequently in the mandibular (P < 0.05) and the premolar region. Gender-related differences were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, and multiple diseases were reported more frequently in individuals with hypercementosed teeth (P < 0.05). While idiopathic origin (39.3%), bruxism (30%), and inflammation (24.37%) were the most prevalent local etiological factors, impacted teeth (1.25%) and history of trauma (0.62%) were less common.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of hypercementosis was 10.8% in the study population. The lesions were more common in the mandibule. Idiopathic origin was the most common factor associated with hypercementosis.
Prevalence of Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors among Market Traders in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State Nigeria
Authors: Daboer JC , Ismaila EL , Ibrahim ZS , Gomwalk JJ , Adoga EY 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Noncommunicable diseases have become a new public health priority in low-and middle-income countries where urbanization and lifestyle changes have approached what obtains in developed countries.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of noncommunicable disease risk factors among market traders in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State.

Method:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adult market traders who were selected through a two-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEP-wise tool. Anthropometric measurements were taken along with blood pressure readings. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and a value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 271 respondents were studied with a mean age of 36.2 ± 13.3 years. Prevalence of hypertension was 26.6% and diabetes mellitus 9.6%. Overweight and obesity were observed in 26.2% and 31.0% of the population, respectively while inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables was reported by 88.9% and 69.4% of respondents respectively. Current alcohol and cigarette use was 25.5% and 0.7% respectively while 245 (90.4%) respondents were sedentary. Current alcohol use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and obesity were associated with hypertension just as current alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle and consumption of carbonated drinks were associated with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their associated risk factors was high among these market traders. Therefore, there is need for focused preventive interventions in this neglected group.
Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) in Children with Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tedla JS , Reddy RS 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) is a scientific evaluation measure used to assess trunk control in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP).

Aims:
The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of SATCo in children with spastic quadriplegic CP.

Methodology:
This was an observational study in which we validated a test instrument in 31 children (aged 1–5 years) with spastic quadriplegic CP. Children were assessed for trunk control by principal rater (R1) using SATCo. Each assessment was video recorded, scored retrospectively, and independently by principal rater (R2) and secondary rater (R3) for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Concurrent validity was assessed by comparing the SATCo scores with sitting component scores of Gross Motor Functional Measure -88.

Results:
Intra-class correlation coefficient values for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for various components of the scale ranged from 0.82 to 0.98. The concurrent validity was calculated for various components of the scale using the Pearson correlation coefficient and they ranged from 0.72 to 0.77.

Conclusion/Recommendation:
SATCo is a reliable and valid scale that can be used for examining trunk control in children with spastic quadriplegic CP aged 1–5 years.
Evaluation of Drug-drug Interactions in Cancer Patients Treated at a University Hospital in North Cyprus Using Two Interaction Databases
Authors: Laban AA , Birand N , Chukwunyere U , Abdi A , Başgut B 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Drug interactions in oncology are of clinical importance owing to the inherent use of multiple medications in cancer treatment which predisposes patients to drug-related problems.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare two electronic databases based on the frequency, mechanism and severity of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in cancer treatment at Near East University Hospital.

Method:
A retrospective observational study of hospitalized cancer patients who had received more than one chemotherapy and/or supportive-care drugs from April 2017 to April 2019. Lexi-interact tool by Lexicomp and Drugs.com databases were used to check (DDIs and all detected interactions were categorized based on the severity-level and mechanism of interaction.

Results:
A total of 681 prescriptions were evaluated and the median medication per patient was 4 (IQR 3-6). Drugs.com identified potential DDIs in 129 (84.9%) patients while Lexicomp identified potential DDIs in 113 (74.3%) patients. Drugs.com reported DDIs of 394 pairs while Lexicomp reported DDIs of 313 pairs. More than 50% of the potential DDIs were classified as pharmacodynamic interactions in both databases. There were varied reports of severity of potential DDIs, but the test of agreement using kappa index was 0.592 (95% CI: 0.502-0.682, P = 0.0001) and this was interpreted as a moderate agreement between the two databases.

Conclusion:
Lexicomp documented more detailed information relevant to clinical practice. However, Drugs.com with more sensitivity, detected more potential DDIs. Therefore, we suggest the use of at least two drug databases for quality screening, especially for patients predisposed to polypharmacy.
Effect of Ferrule Height and Distribution on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Premolars
Authors: Zahran M , Abderbwih D , Mandourah H , Afif SB , Sabbahi D , Merdad K , Sonbul H 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of varying ferrule height and distribution on the fatigue resistance and fracture strength of endodontically treated premolars.

Materials and Method:
Thirty-two extracted human premolars were endodontically treated and prepared to receive all-ceramic crowns. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups. The occluso-cervical height was reduced to 2 mm and 4 mm for the 1st and 2nd groups, respectively. According to the ferrule distribution, samples in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups with inadequate ferrule on 1 or 2 proximal walls, respectively. Coronal tooth structure was built-up to 4 mm using a core build-up material retained by a fiber post. The CEREC system (Sirona) was used to design and mill lithium-disilicate crowns. All posts and crowns were cemented to their respective teeth using self-adhesive universal resin cement. All crowns were subjected to cyclic loading in a universal testing machine (Instron) (20–100N, 100,000 cycles, 20Hz). After fatigue, crowns were loaded to fracture. Fracture load data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at α = 0.05.

Results:
All crowns passed the fatigue testing without any signs of fracture or crack. Two-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of the number of missing walls (P < 0.05) on the fracture load, but not the ferrule height or the interaction terms. Samples with one missing wall showed higher fracture load in comparison to samples with two missing walls.

Conclusion:
The number of missing walls, not the ferrule height, has a significant effect on the fracture load of the lithium-disilicate crowns restoring endodontically treated premolars.
Diagnostic Value of Penile Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients with Veno-Occlusive Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Soylu A , Sarier M , Kutlu R 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The method used in the first assessment of patients with veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction (ED) is penile color doppler ultrasonography (PCDU). However, cavernosography performed following intracavernosal pharmacostimulation is accepted as a more precise method for showing venous leakage.

Aims:
The objectives of this study were to compare results obtained from patients undergoing PCDU, and those undergoing cavernosography, and to investigate the diagnostic value of PCDU in the diagnosis.

Methods:
A total of 133 patients who presented at the urology clinic due to ED have veno-occlusive dysfunction (VOD) detected as a result of PCDU and underwent cavernosography for further assessment when scheduled for penile embolization. The results obtained were retrospectively evaluated.

Results:
The mean age of 133 patients with VOD identified as a result of PCDU was 48.7 ± 11.2 years. In cavernosography performed after PCDU, venous leakage was detected in 127 patients (95.49%), while no leakage was found in six patients (4.51%). Bilateral venous leakage was found in 91.34% (n:116), right venous leakage in 5.51% (n:7), and left venous leakage in 3.15% (n:4) of the patients with venous leakage.

Conclusion:
Evaluating the cavernosography results, PCDU alone is often sufficient to diagnose veno-occlusive ED. Cavernosography is a more invasive diagnostic method compared to PCDU that is adequate in cases where venous surgery or embolization is not considered, and cavernosography is not recommended in these patients.
Evaluation of the Causes of Failure of Root Canal Treatment among Patients in the City of Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mustafa M , Almuhaiza M , Alamri HM , Abdulwahed A , Alghomlas ZI , Alothman TA , Alhajri FF 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Endodontic treatment failure is one of the most common problems encountered in dentistry.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the causes of failure of endodontic treatment among patients in the Saudi Arabian city of Al-Kharj.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 250 patients of both genders were involved in the study. Criteria confirming the failure of the endodontic treatment were pain, tenderness on pressure, periapical radiolucency, and sinus tract. Patients were selected by convenience sampling methods. A diagnostic chart was prepared to complete the investigation in three different hospitals, during a six-month period (October 2018 - March 2019). The results were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test and use of simple arithmetical methods to determine percentage and frequencies.

Results:
The main cause for endodontic failure was poor quality adjunctive treatment. 147 out of 179 male patients and 53 out of 71 female patients received poor quality treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between gender versus adjunctive treatment (P = 0.009) and between hospital versus adjunctive treatment (P = 0.005), and quality of adjunctive treatment between private hospital as compared to government hospital which was also statistically significant (P = 0.008). In quadrant wise distribution, first molars were the most commonly involved teeth. Inadequate filling of the root canal was (36.8%), missed canals (14.4), over-extension root canal fillings (12.8%), perforations (9.6%), instrumentation related (8.8%), and endodontic access preparation related (2.4%) in the decreasing order of frequency were seen as the most common causes of failure of endodontic treatment.

Conclusion:
First molars were the most commonly affected tooth in the failure of endodontic treatment. Poor adjunctive treatment and inadequate filling of the root canals were the most common causes of endodontic failure, more commonly seen in male than female patients and in private clinics/hospitals than government hospitals.
Serum Levels of Immunoglobulin Isotypes and Immunoglobulin G Subtypes in Healthy Term Turkish Newborns
Authors: Caner İ , Koca Erhan , Özdemir Öner 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
We aimed to determine the normal immunoglobulin values of Turkish new-borns by studying IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subgroups (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) from term, healthy neonates born in the Sakarya province of Turkey.

Subjects and Methods:
In our study, IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgG subgroup levels were measured nephelometrically in 54 new-borns (15–21-day-old). They were born between 39 and 41 weeks of gestation by problem-free delivery and with Apgar scores >8 at 1 and 5 minutes. The enrolled neonates were singletons and were free of congenital diseases/anomalies, history of perinatal infection, and with no known history of transfusion or chronic disease in the mother. The study findings were also evaluated in terms of differences based on delivery mode, feeding type, gender, and demographic characteristics.

Results:
This study enrolled 54 new-borns, 42 (77.8%) of whom were born by cesarean section and 12 (22.2%) by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Of the new-borns, 41 (75.9%) were only breastfed, and 13 (24.1%) were fed with combined breast milk and baby formula. The 95% confidence intervals of serum immunoglobulins and IgG subgroups were as follows: IgG, 652–722 mg/dL; IgA, 6–8 mg/dL; IgM, 27–35 mg/dL; IgG1, 495.7–544.3 mg/dL; IgG2, 139.6–169.5 mg/dL; IgG3, 22.7–27.7 mg/dL; and IgG4, 21.5–33.7 mg/dL. There was no significant correlation between any demographic characteristic and any immunoglobulin type. A low-moderate but significant negative correlation (r: –0.34) was found between birth length and IgA and a low-moderate but significant positive correlation (r: 0.32) was found between head circumference and IgM level.

Conclusion:
Our study provided usable data on the normal values of serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subgroups among healthy Turkish new-borns. This study is thought to be one of the most standardized and reliable reference sources for our country.
The Expression and Relationship of AdipoR1/R2 in Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Ayyildiz T , Dolar E , Ugras N , Dizdar OS , Erturk B , Adim SB , Yercı O 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Adiponectin (ApN) is a 244-amino acid protein mainly secreted from the adipose tissue and involved in various physiological functions. ApN exerts its metabolic effects by binding to two major receptors: adiponectin receptor-1 (Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2 (Adipo-R2). Recent studies have reported ApN's involvement in the progression of cancer. However, there are no studies evaluating the relationship between Adipo-R1/R2 expression and gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), which is a predisposing factor in gastric cancer (GC) development, and Helicobacter pylori H. pylori infection.

Aims:
In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between the Adipo-R1/-R2 expression and H. pylori infection in patients with GC and gastric IM.

Materials and Methods:
Forty patients that underwent gastric resection and 56 patients that developed gastric IM were included in the study. The Adipo-R1/-R2 expression and the presence of H. pylori were examined immunohistochemically. The univariate analyses showed that the expression of Adipo-R1/-R2 in GC patients was significantly lower compared to both complete metaplasia (CM) and incomplete metaplasia (ICM) patients (p <0.0001 for both).

Results:
According to multiple multinomial logistic regression analysis, Adipo-R1/-R2 expression in the CM group was significantly higher than in the GC group (p = 0.05, p = 0.014, respectively). Moreover, Adipo-R1/-R2 expression was significantly higher in ICM group compared to the GC group (p=0.012, p=0.045, respectively). However, in both analyses no significant difference was determined in terms of H. pylori positivity between the groups.

Conclusion:
The resulting data suggests that ApN plays a role in GC processes via Adipo-R1/-R2 receptors.
Effects of Mouthwashes on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Three Different Resin-based Composites
Authors: Çelik ACT , Çoban E , Ülker HE 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different types of mouthwashes (Klorhexidin, Curasept ADS 205, Meridol, Listerine Cool Citrus) on the surface roughness and color changes of a microhybrid (Point 4), a bulk fill (SonicFill), and a nanohybrid (Nova Compo-N) resin-based composite (RBC).

Materials and Methods:
Disk-shaped specimens were prepared from tested RBCs and divided into four subgroups which immersed in four different types of mouthwashes. The specimens were subjected to immersion cycles in the mouthwashes and artificial saliva (n = 8). Each cycle consisted of complete immersion in a mouthwash for 21 min and afterwards in saliva for 12 h at 37°C, and this cycle was repeated 8 times. The surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer and coloration was evaluated using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the evaluation of surface roughness data was performed, and interrelation between groups was identified with the Sheffe's multiple comparison test.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the Ra values of the RBCs before and after immersion in mouthwashes (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between ΔE value of the SF and NCN groups before and after immersion time (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Mouthwashes contribute to oral health, especially in patients at high risk of caries. However, in such patients, patient-specific recommendations should be made when using mouthwashes due to the large number of composite fillings.