bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring the functioning of engineering, transport networks thanks to the strengthening of damaged reinforced concrete columns of their structures
Authors: Ксьоншкевич Л.М. , Крантовська О.М. , Синій С.В. , Малахов В.В. , Ксьоншкевич А.С. 
Published: January 2025

The reliability of the functioning of engineering and transportation networks largely depends on the technical condition of their structural facilities. For example, in many design solutions for pumping stations in water supply, sewage, and heating networks, significant attention is paid to the compact use of the internal space of technological rooms. This is due to the need to accommodate large-sized technological equipment in these rooms, as well as to install a complex pipeline system in accordance with the operational scheme of the pumping station. Therefore, the use of columns in such spaces aligns well with the requirements for the reliable operation of engineering networks because it: ensures the technological requirements for the operation of the pumping station; facilitates the relocation, repair, and replacement of large-scale technological equipment and the installation of complex pipeline systems during modernization, reconstruction, or restoration after damage, while considering changes to the system's operational scheme. In this regard, the mechanical properties of concrete made with ordinary Portland cement, microsilica, and the SP-1 superplasticizer have been studied for its potential use as a high-strength material in reinforcing the load-bearing concrete structures, specifically the columns of engineering structures within engineering and transportation networks. These include pumping stations in water supply, sewage, and heating networks; district heating plants; bridges; and pedestrian overpasses. The concrete mix was developed to construct reinforced concrete jackets for strengthening damaged column structures. This technology has significant advantages for constructing column structures in terms of their resilience during shelling, particularly in terms of execution speed, strength, reliability, and protection from various external impacts during such events. When performing research, first, mixing water, SP-1 additive, Portland cement and microsilica (from 0 to 10 %) were sequentially introduced, later they were combined with a dosed amount of quartz sand and granite crushed stone in an ordinary concrete mixer. The compressive strength of concrete was determined according to DSTU B V.2.7-214:2009. Experimental data showed that by varying the selected factors, it is possible to increase the strength of concrete in the initial period when it is doubled in compression.
Internal transcribed spacer sequencing to explore the intrinsic composition of fungal communities in fungal esophagitis
Authors: Song Yi-Kang , Zheng Lin , Liu Ai-Xin , Ma Jun-Ji 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Fungal esophagitis (FE) is caused by fungal invasion of the esophageal mucosa. Under endoscopy, the esophageal mucosa shows edema, congestion, erosion, and ulceration, and bleeds easily when touched, and the surface of the mucosa is covered with small white spots like "bean curd residue". Clinical cases showing typical FE under endoscopic imaging but negative esophageal mucosal brush (referred to as suspected FE) have increased the difficulty and challenge of clinical diagnosis and treatment. At present, the esophageal fungal flora of suspected case has not been thoroughly studied.
AIM
To characterize the fungal flora in FE, suspected FE, and the esophageal normal controls (NCs), and to identify marker species to improve detection of FE.
METHODS
This was a case-control study. A total of 19 patients with FE, 16 with suspected FE, and 10 NCs were selected by endoscopy. The esophageal cell brush samples of each group were sequenced by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and analyzed by bioinformatics.
RESULTS
In FE and suspected FE patients, species richness, species diversity and species evenness, as measured by the Chao1 index, Shannon index and Pielou index, were lower than in the NCs, and the comparison between the FE and NCs was the most significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the NCs, the relative abundance of Candida in FE and suspected FE patients was significantly increased (P < 0.001), while the relative abundance of Yarrowia was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, Yarrowia abundance in the FE group was significantly lower than in the NCs and suspected FE groups (P < 0.001). The area under the curve for Candida in FE and suspected FE patients was 99.5% (P < 0.05) and 81.3% (P < 0.05), respectively. Finally, compared with FE patients, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Candida in the esophageal flora of suspected FE patients was decreased, while the relative abundance of Yarrowia , Thermomyces and Pichia was increased.
CONCLUSION
ITS showed that composition of the fungal community was similar in the FE and suspected FE groups. ITS can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic method for FE and provide a theoretical basis for follow-up diagnosis and treatment.
Mesalazine alleviated the symptoms of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10 knockout mice by regulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Ya-Li , Shi Yong-Quan , Zheng Lie 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
Excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in intestinal epithelial cells can lead to damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier, activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and exacerbate the inflammatory response, thus participating in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Mesalazine is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of UC. However, further studies are needed to determine whether mesalazine regulates the ER stress of intestinal epithelial cells, down-regulates the STAT3/NF-κB pathway to play a role in the treatment of UC.
AIM
To study the therapeutic effects of mesalazine on spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-/- mice.
METHODS
The 24-week-old IL-10-/- mice with spontaneous colitis were divided into the model group and the 5-amino salicylic acid group. Littermates of wild-type mice of the same age group served as the control. There were eight mice in each group, four males and four females. The severity of symptoms of spontaneous colitis in IL-10-/- mice was assessed using disease activity index scores. On day 15, the mice were sacrificed. The colon length was measured, and the histopathological changes and ultrastructure of colonic epithelial cells were detected. The protein expressions of STAT3, p-STAT3, NF-κB, IκB, p-IκB, and glucose-regulated protein 78 were identified using Western blotting. The STAT3 and NF-κB mRNA expressions were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The glucose-regulated protein 78 and C/EBP homologous protein expressions in colon sections were detected using immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
Mesalazine reduced the symptoms of spontaneous colitis in IL-10 knockout mice and the histopathological damage of colonic tissues, and alleviated the ER stress in epithelial cells of colitis mice. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the STAT3/NF-κB pathway in the colon tissue of model mice was activated, suggesting that this pathway was involved in the pathogenesis of UC and might become a potential therapeutic target. Mesalazine could down-regulate the protein expressions of p-STAT3, NF-κB and p-IκB, and down-regulate the mRNA expression of STAT3 and NF-κB.
CONCLUSION
Mesalazine may play a protective role in UC by reducing ER stress by regulating the STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 alleviates hepatic steatosis by enhancing autophagy via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Tao Min , Zhang Li-Li , Zhou Guang-Hong , Wang Cong , Luo Xie 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND
The global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has continued to increase annually. Recent studies have indicated that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) may alleviate hepatic steatosis. However, the precise mechanism warrants further exploration.
AIM
To investigate the potential mechanism by which mGluR5 attenuates hepatocyte steatosis in vitro and in vivo .
METHODS
Free fatty acids (FFAs)-stimulated HepG2 cells were treated with the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP and the mGluR5 agonist CHPG. Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride assay kit were used to evaluate lipid content. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of the autophagy-associated proteins p62 and LC3-II, as well as the expression of the key signaling molecules AMPK and ULK1, in the treated cells. To further elucidate the contributions of autophagy and AMPK, we used chloroquine (CQ) to inhibit autophagy and compound C (CC) to inhibit AMPK activity. In parallel, wild-type mice and mGluR5 knockout (KO) mice fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) were used to evaluate the effect of mGluR5 inhibition in vivo .
RESULTS
mGluR5 inhibition by MPEP attenuated hepatocellular steatosis and increased LC3-II and p62 protein expression. The autophagy inhibitor CQ reversed the effects of MPEP. In addition, MPEP promoted AMPK and ULK1 expression in HepG2 cells exposed to FFAs. MPEP treatment led to the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB, which is known to promote p62 expression. This effect was negated by the AMPK inhibitor CC. mGluR5 KO mice presented reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance and reduced hyperlipidemia when fed a HFD. Additionally, the livers of HFD-fed mGluR5 KO mice presented increases in LC3-II and p62.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that mGluR5 inhibition promoted autophagy and reduced hepatocyte steatosis through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings reveal a new functional mechanism of mGluR5 as a target in the treatment of MASLD.
Analysis of the effectiveness of acne drug therapy
Authors: Melnikova Yu. E. , Trapchevskaya E. K. 
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Acne is one of the most common dermatological diseases, affecting a significant proportion of the population, particularly adolescents and young adults. The modern pharmaceutical market offers several drugs for acne treatment, including topical retinoids, antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, and azelaic acid, as well as systemic drugs, such as isotretinoin and hormonal agents. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance among microorganisms, including Propionibacterium acnes, requires rational antibacterial drug use and alternative acne treatment methods.Objective. A comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of acne drug therapy to optimize treatment approaches and improve therapy results.Methods. As part of this review study, a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature on acne drug therapy was conducted. The inclusion criteria were original studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews published over the past 5 years (2018–2023).Results. An analysis of the literature has shown that topical retinoids and antibiotics, as well as systemic retinoids and antibiotics, remain the most effective methods of treating acne.Conclusion. The analysis of the modern scientific literature confirms the effectiveness of existing methods of drug therapy for acne. The choice of optimal therapy should be based on the individual characteristics of the patient, the severity of the disease and the presence of concomitant factors.
Potential role of PAR2 inhibitors for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fedorov V. N. , Korsakov M. K. , Khokhlov A. L. , Arshinov A. V. , Vdovichenko V. P. , Leonova O. V. , Suleymanov S. Sh. 
Published: January 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial incurable immune-inflammatory disease. Progression leads to joint deformation, cartilage and bone tissue destruction, and subsequent disability. The primary goal of RA pharmacotherapy is to achieve disease remission. For this purpose, several classes of drugs are used: basic anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs), which are a large group of synthetic and biological drugs that are combined according to their ability to influence the pathogenetic mechanisms of RA; glucocorticoids, which are recommended for use in combination with DMARDs; and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are used to relieve acute and chronic pain. The treatment of RA is a long-term process, and the drugs used for this condition are not always safe and not always effective, which leads to discontinuation of treatment in 20–50 % of patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop new pharmacological targets that can increase drug effectiveness and reduce drug toxicity. One promising therapeutic target is proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), particularly PAR2, whose activation contributes to the occurrence of inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue. Experiments have demonstrated that inhibition of PAR2 activity prevents the development of RA pathogenesis and positively modifies the course of the disease. The search for drugs that inhibit PAR2 was carried out in the following directions: indirect blockade of PAR2 activity; creation of monoclonal antibodies; search for PAR2 inhibitors among peptide compounds; synthesis of low-molecular-weight inhibitory substances.
The Effect of Feeding Red Beans In Yoghurt On Organoleptic Acceptance And Protein Levels
Authors: Okfrianti Yenni , Lestari Putri Ayu , Yunita Yunita 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of red bean slurry addition on the organoleptic acceptance and protein content of yogurt. Methodology: The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely variations in red bean slurry concentration. Organoleptic analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test on attributes such as color, aroma, taste, consistency, and overall quality, involving 30 panelists. The most preferred product underwent protein content analysis using the micro Kjeldahl method. Results: Yogurt with 20% red bean slurry addition (F2) showed the highest organoleptic acceptance. The protein content of F2 yogurt increased from 0.56% to 1.30% after 24 hours of fermentation. Findings: The addition of 20% red bean slurry significantly enhanced the organoleptic acceptance and protein content of yogurt. Novelty: This study reveals the potential of red bean slurry as an additive to improve yogurt's organoleptic quality and protein content. Originality: This research contributes to the development of yogurt products enriched with red bean-based ingredients. Conclusions: Yogurt with 20% red bean slurry (F2) is the most preferred product, showing a significant increase in protein content after 24 hours of fermentation. Type of Paper: Experimental Research Paper.
An Analysis Of Income And Efficiency Of Robusta Coffee Farming In Lubuk Saung Village, Sebrang Musi Sub-District Kepahiang Regency
Authors: Anjarwati Meilinda Dwi , Nurmalia Ana , Fariadi Herri 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the income and efficiency of robusta coffee farming conducted by farmers in Lubuk Saung Village, Seberang Musi District, Kepahiang Regency. Methodology: The research was conducted in May 2024 using a quantitative descriptive method. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula from a total population of 69 robusta coffee farmers. Results: The average robusta coffee production per hectare per year is 463 kg, generating a total revenue of IDR 27,786,086 annually. Average production costs are IDR 2,379,405.80, resulting in a net income of IDR 25,406,682 per hectare per year. Findings: The R/C ratio of 1.18 indicates that every IDR 1 spent generates IDR 1.18 in revenue. Originality: This research highlights the economic feasibility of robusta coffee farming. Novelty: It provides detailed financial analysis for local farming practices. Conclusion: Robusta coffee farming in Lubuk Saung is profitable and efficient. Type of Paper: Empirical research.
Analysis Business Feasibility of Saraba Traditional Beverage In Gorontalo Province
Authors: Murtisari Amelia , Blongkod Isra , Hippy Zubair 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the feasibility of saraba beverage businesses financially and non-financially in Gorontalo Province. Methodology: The study employed a quantitative descriptive approach through surveys using structured questionnaires. Samples were purposively selected, involving 16 saraba vendors and 30 consumers. Results: The analysis indicates that saraba beverage businesses are financially feasible with 12.5% R/C ratio > 1, 50% R/C ratio > 2, and 37.5% R/C ratio > 1. Finding: Non-financial feasibility is supported by a strong market potential with suggestions for flavor innovations, parking facilities, and educational promotions. Novelty: This study highlights the feasibility of saraba businesses through holistic financial and non-financial analyses, emphasizing sustainability and market development. Originality: The study provides strategic insights for saraba entrepreneurs to enhance local competitiveness. Conclusions: Saraba beverage businesses are feasible to develop, focusing on product innovation, consumer facilities, and promotions.Type of Paper: Empirical Research Article
Optimization Of Temperature And Time For The Quality Of Probiotic Yogurt Using Custom Incubator
Authors: Yannuarsita Deni , Prasojo Nugroho Dwi , Sasmito Moch Shandy 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to determine the best temperature and time to incubate the yogurt making process by using a custom incubator as a fermentation tool for the quality of yogurt which includes the content of protein, fat, total acid, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Methodology: This study uses a Factorial Complete Random Design (RAL), the first factor is temperature (S1=36ºC, S2=39ºC, S3=42ºC) and the second factor is time (T1=8 hours, T2=12 hours, T3=16 hours, T4=20 hours) each treatment is repeated three times, the data obtained is statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (Anova). If there is a real difference, it is continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the level of 5% and 1%. Results: The temperature difference had a real effect (P<0.05) on the levels of protein, fat and LAB while the time difference had a real effect (P<0.05) on protein, fat, total acid and LAB. The interaction of temperature and time treatment had a real effect (P<0.05) on the content of Protein, Fat, Total Solid and LAB. Findings: The use of 39ºC temperature and 16 hours was able to produce a protein content of 3.77%, a total acid level of 0.85%, and a number of lactic acid bacteria of 8.99 log cfu/ml. Novelty: This study provides information that the combination of high temperature use and short time can speed up the incubation process. Originality: This study explains the effect of temperature and time on the quality of yogurt. Conclusion: high temperature and short time with custom incubator can produce yogurt according to SNI. Document Type: Experimental Research Article
Pentecostal church leaders’ support to children in need of care and protection
Authors: Spaumer Andrew , Mavhandu-Mudzusi Azwihangwisi H. 
Published: January 2025

Churches are considered one of the important structures responsible for providing care and support to vulnerable populations. One such population are children in need of care and support. This article presents the support provided by Pentecostal religious leaders to children needing care and protection. The study was conducted in Pentecostal churches in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, which is found in Gauteng province, South Africa. This qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological analysis design. Data were collected from nineteen purposively selected leaders in Pentecostal churches using face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was guided by the interpretative phenomenological analysis framework for data analysis. Findings indicate that religious leaders within Pentecostal churches are involved in providing care and support to children in need of care. The process they are engaged in include proper identification of those children, attending to physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs. However, each religious leaders use their approach depending on the relationship they have with members of government institutions such as police services and social workers. In order to enhance the support provided the children in need of care and protection, by religious leaders within Pentecostal churches, it is recommended that religious leaders are well informed about the role of different members of multidisciplinary teams such as social workers, psychologists, police officers, parents and other community structures. Moreover, there should be formalised collaboration and referral processes that will ensure that the child’s rights are not further violated in the process of provision of support.Contribution: The study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the role Pentecostal church religious leaders are playing in child protection. Furthermore, it sheds light on the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to ensure that children in need of care and protection are holistically supported.
Twisted thinking and its relationship to radical thinking among university students
Authors: AL-Ogaidi Mohammed H.T.S. , Al-Dulami Yasir M. 
Published: January 2025

Orientation: Twisted thinking and its relationship to radical thinking among university students.Research purpose: This study aimed to reveal the level of twisted and radical thinking, and to know the relationship between them among university students.Motivation for the study: To know the effects of these two negative types of thinking on students. These thoughts can cause a decline in their academic achievement and affect their social relationships within the university, leading to a waste of youthful energies.Research approach/design and method: This study used a descriptive approach on a random sample of 400 male and female students, in the second year in different specialisations, for the academic year 2023–2024.Main findings: It was found that the problem of second-year students in the colleges of the University of Mosul is that they possess twisted and radical thinking, and there is a strong direct relationship between these two types of thinking, which may cause a decline in their academic and social abilities in the future.Practical/managerial implications: The study highlights the impact of negative thinking patterns represented by twisted and radical thinking on students’ academic and social life, and the need to develop positive thinking skills to confront these negative thinking patterns.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes by providing data on deviant and radical thinking patterns among second-year students in the University of Mosul. Educational policy makers and curricula should include critical and positive thinking skills to ensure that these negative thinking patterns do not spread among students.