bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang improves behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and favourable positive emotions in patients
Authors: Nogami Tatsuya , Iwasaki Koh , Kimura Hideo , Higashi Toru , Arai Makoto , Butler James P. , Fujii Masahiko , Sasaki Hidetada 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are challenging to manage, leading to caregiver burden and often to subsequent transfer of patients to a nursing home or psychiatric hospital for treatment. Eliciting favourable positive emotions should be an important goal in the treatment of negative emotions associated with BPSD. To date, no data have indicated that antipsychotic medications can improve positive emotions. BPSD are known to be associated with anxiety in patients with dementia. The traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang is officially indicated and approved for anxiety treatment in Japan.MethodsHere, we performed a multicentre, randomised, observer‐blind control study of the effect of Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang on BPSD in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Patients with AD or AD with cerebral vascular disease were randomly divided into the Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang treatment group and the control group that received no traditional Chinese medicine. BPSD were scored using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home Version (NPI‐NH) and by favourable positive emotions using the Delightful Emotional Index (DEI).ResultsA total of 63 participants (18 male and 45 female; mean age: 83.3 ± 6.0 years) were included in the study. Changes in NPI‐NH scores differed significantly between the two groups (one‐way analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Within the treatment group, there was a significant improvement in the NPI‐NH score from 29.8 ± 17.3 at baseline to 13.2 ± 9.4 at the endpoint (paired t‐test, P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant change in the control group. Changes in DEI scores differed significantly between the two groups. Within the treatment group, there was a significant improvement in the DEI score from 24.3 ± 23.0 at baseline to 32.5 ± 21.2 at the endpoint (paired t‐test, P = 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant change in the control group.ConclusionThe traditional Chinese medicine Jia Wei Gui Pi Tang significantly improved both BPSD and positive emotions.
Connecting the composition of collaborative governance structure to community‐level performance in homeless services
Authors: Kim Saerim , Sullivan Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCollaborative governance has become prevalent in public service provision as both government and nonprofit sectors face pressure to solve multidimensional social problems in communities while improving performance. Drawing on collaborative governance and homeless services literature, this article explores how providing services in a collaborative governance network through government and nonprofit service providers differentially relates to multiple dimensions of performance—effectiveness, internal efficiency, social efficiency, and service heterogeneity—at the community level. By using a two‐way fixed effects estimator and a unique nonprofit and homeless services dataset, the findings indicate that collaborative governance between government and nonprofit service providers relates to increased effectiveness (e.g., less homelessness), and mixed results for service heterogeneity relative to using one sector. The composition of collaborative governance networks matters for performance, but its precise relationship with community‐level performance depends on the specific aspect of performance.
Similar performance after intake of carbohydrate plus whey protein and carbohydrate only in the early phase after non‐exhaustive cycling
Authors: Sollie Ove , Clauss Matthieu , Jeppesen Per B. , Tangen Daniel S. , Johansen Egil I. , Skålhegg Bjørn S. , Ivy John L. , Jensen Jørgen 
Published: April 2023

AimThe aim of the present study was to compare performance 5 h after a 90‐min endurance training session when either carbohydrate only or carbohydrate with added whey hydrolysate or whey isolate was ingested during the first 2 h of the recovery period.MethodsThirteen highly trained competitive male cyclists completed three exercise and diet interventions (double‐blinded, randomized, crossover design) separated by 1 week. The 90‐min morning session (EX1) included a 60 min time‐trial (TT60). Immediately and 1 h after exercise, participants ingested either (1) 1.2 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 (CHO), (2) 0.8 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 + 0.4 g isolate whey protein∙kg−1∙h−1 (ISO) or (3) 0.8 g carbohydrate∙kg−1∙h−1 + 0.4 g hydrolysate whey protein∙kg−1∙h−1 (HYD). Additional intakes were identical between interventions. After 5 h of recovery, participants completed a time‐trial performance (TTP) during which a specific amount of work was performed. Blood and urine were collected throughout the day.ResultsTTP did not differ significantly between dietary interventions (CHO: 43:54 ± 1:36, ISO: 46:55 ± 2:32, HYD: 44:31 ± 2:01 min). Nitrogen balance during CHO was lower than ISO (p < 0.0001) and HYD (p < 0.0001), with no difference between ISO and HYD (p = 0.317). In recovery, the area under the curve for blood glucose was higher in CHO compared to ISO and HYD. HR, VO2, RER, glucose, and lactate during EX2 were similar between interventions.ConclusionPerformance did not differ after 5 h of recovery whether carbohydrate only or isocaloric carbohydrate plus protein was ingested during the first 2 h. Correspondingly, participants were not in negative nitrogen balance in any dietary intervention.
Modeling hemoglobin levels of patients chronically transfused with red blood cells
Authors: Carter Phillip W. , Dunham Andrew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGood models of chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion can improve care by accurately estimating time‐dependent hemoglobin (Hb) levels and clinically relevant transfusion parameters.Study Design and MethodsA previously derived mathematical model based on overall Hb mass balance (HMB model) with input parameters of transfused units, transfusion efficiency, RBC lifespan, endogenous Hb, and transfusion interval was applied to three separate clinical studies spanning six transfusion conditions across patient populations with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or thalassemia.ResultsThe HMB model accurately predicted mean pretransfusion Hb levels for each ensemble cohort of patients with thalassemia or MDS. Dynamic changes in Hb levels were modeled as a function of changes in key input parameters. Improving the 24‐h post‐transfusion RBC survival from 72% to 86% can be used to either (1) reduce RBC usage by 15%–20% through longer transfusion intervals or (2) increase pretransfusion [Hb] by 8%–11% while maintaining a constant transfusion interval.DiscussionThe endogenous Hb level is introduced in the HMB model which represents the patient's self‐contribution to overall Hb levels via the autologous RBC lifecycle and was estimated to be 5.0 g/dL for patients with MDS or thalassemia. Transfusion therapy approaches and complementary therapeutics can target multiple, unique model inputs while monitoring net, overall impact on transfusion efficacy. Applying the HMB model to fit individual patient Hb fluctuations will be explored in the future.
Unravelling Chinese industrial structure optimization paths within Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership considering the virtual trade of water and water pollutants
Authors: Shu Chang , Shao Jing , Xiang Nan , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMassive commodity transactions lead to enormous virtual water and water pollution transfer; this phenomenon will be intensified within the process of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) enforcement. This study applied multi‐regional input–output and scenario simulation approach to reveal the virtual water elements flow, while exploring the trade structure optimisation roadmap for China. Results unveiled that China was a virtual water net exporter (9.17 billion tons), also the largest importer of water pollutants (N 622456 tons and P 136110 tons) among RCEP countries in 2015. In order to alleviate the water pressure in China, the textiles and other manufacturing industries should be limited, while the service industry is encouraged. Optimal scenario can realize 29.8% water conservation and 8% water pollutants reduction and also achieve a 36.5 million dollars trade volume increase. This research improves trade‐off balance between water environment and economy at multi‐regional level and accelerates green trade in economic partnerships globally.
Adduction induces large optic nerve head deformations in subjects with normal-tension glaucoma
Authors: Chuangsuwanich Thanadet , Tun Tin A , Braeu Fabian A , Wang Xiaofei , Chin Zhi Yun , Panda Satish K , Buist Martin , Milea Dan , Strouthidis Nicholas , Perera Shamira , Nongpiur Monisha Esther , Aung Tin , Girard Michael J A 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo assess intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced and gaze-induced optic nerve head (ONH) strains in subjects with high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).DesignClinic-based cross-sectional study.MethodsThe ONH from one eye of 228 subjects (114 subjects with HTG (pre-treatment IOP≥21 mm Hg) and 114 with NTG (pre-treatment IOP<21 mm Hg)) was imaged with optical coherence tomography (OCT) under the following conditions: (1) OCT primary gaze, (2) 20° adduction from OCT primary gaze, (3) 20° abduction from OCT primary gaze and (4) OCT primary gaze with acute IOP elevation (to approximately 33 mm Hg). We then performed digital volume correlation analysis to quantify IOP-induced and gaze-induced ONH tissue deformations and strains.ResultsAcross all subjects, adduction generated high effective strain (4.4%±2.3%) in the LC tissue with no significant difference (p>0.05) with those induced by IOP elevation (4.5%±2.4%); while abduction generated significantly lower (p=0.01) effective strain (3.1%±1.9%). The lamina cribrosa (LC) of HTG subjects exhibited significantly higher effective strain than those of NTG subjects under IOP elevation (HTG: 4.6%±1.7% vs NTG: 4.1%±1.5%, p<0.05). Conversely, the LC of NTG subjects exhibited significantly higher effective strain than those of HTG subjects under adduction (NTG: 4.9%±1.9% vs HTG: 4.0%±1.4%, p<0.05).ConclusionWe found that NTG subjects experienced higher strains due to adduction than HTG subjects, while HTG subjects experienced higher strain due to IOP elevation than NTG subjects—and that these differences were most pronounced in the LC tissue.
Validation and depth evaluation of low-pass genome sequencing in prenatal diagnosis using 387 amniotic fluid samples
Authors: Qian Yeqing , Sun Yan , Guo Xueqin , Song Lijie , Sun Yixi , Gao Xiaoyang , Liu Bei , Xu Yuqing , Chen Na , Chen Min , Luo Yuqin , Qiao Zhihong , Fan Linlin , Man Jianfen , Zhang Kang , Wang Xiaoli , Rong Tingting , Wang Zhonghua , Liu Fengxia , Zhao Jing , Wei Xiaoming , Chen Minfeng , Peng Zhiyu , Peng Huanhuan , Sun Jun , Dong Minyue 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundLow-pass genome sequencing (LP GS) is an alternative to chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). However, validations of LP GS as a prenatal diagnostic test for amniotic fluid are rare. Moreover, sequencing depth of LP GS in prenatal diagnosis has not been evaluated.ObjectiveThe diagnostic performance of LP GS was compared with CMA using 375 amniotic fluid samples. Then, sequencing depth was evaluated by downsampling.ResultsCMA and LP GS had the same diagnostic yield (8.3%, 31/375). LP GS showed all copy number variations (CNVs) detected by CMA and six additional variant of uncertain significance CNVs (>100 kb) in samples with negative CMA results; CNV size influenced LP GS detection sensitivity. CNV detection was greatly influenced by sequencing depth when the CNV size was small or the CNV was located in the azoospermia factorc(AZFc) region of the Y chromosome. Large CNVs were less affected by sequencing depth and more stably detected. There were 155 CNVs detected by LP GS with at least a 50% reciprocal overlap with CNVs detected by CMA. With 25 M uniquely aligned high-quality reads (UAHRs), the detection sensitivity for the 155 CNVs was 99.14%. LP GS using samples with 25 M UAHRs showed the same performance as LP GS using total UAHRs. Considering the detection sensitivity, cost and interpretation workload, 25 M UAHRs are optimal for detecting most aneuploidies and microdeletions/microduplications.ConclusionLP GS is a promising, robust alternative to CMA in clinical settings. A total of 25 M UAHRs are sufficient for detecting aneuploidies and most microdeletions/microduplications.
Improving trends estimates for specific work-related ill-health conditions when excess zeros are present in a voluntary health reporting scheme
Authors: Gittins Matthew , Carder Melanie , Seed Martin J , Iskandar Ireny , Daniels Sarah Ann Michelle , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTrends in occupational disease incidence are estimated in voluntary reporting schemes such as The Health and Occupational Reporting (THOR) Network in the UK. Voluntary reporting schemes request responses even if no cases are observed to reduce uncertainty in non-response. This may result in false zeros that bias trends estimates. Analysis using zero-inflated models is unsuitable for specific health outcomes due to overestimates of the excess zeros. Here, we attempt to account for excess zeros while investigating condition-specific trends.MethodsZero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) models were fitted to three THOR work-related ill health surveillance schemes Occupational Skin Disease Surveillance (437 reporters between 1996 and 2019), Occupational Physicians Reporting Activity (1094 between 1996 and 2019) and Surveillance of Work-Related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (878 between 1999 and 2019). The probability associated with a response being a false zero was estimated and applied in weighted negative binomial (wgt-NB) models fitted to specific ill-heath conditions. Three ill-health conditions from the three THOR schemes were considered; contact dermatitis, musculoskeletal and asthma, respectively.ResultsWgt-NB models approximately estimated the incidence rate ratios reported by the ZINB models (eg, EPIDERM; ZINB=0.969, NB=0.963, wgt-NB=0.968) for all health outcome annual trends. This was consistent for specific health outcomes which also tended towards the null (eg, contact dermatitis; NB=0.964, wgt-NB=0.969), indicating potentially overestimated downward trends. Though as the ratio of excess zeros to true zeros decreased in rarer health outcomes, the influence on trends also decreased.ConclusionsThrough weighting, we were able to adjust for excess zeros in health outcome-specific trends estimates. Though uncertainty is still present in underlying reporter behaviour meaning caution should be applied with interpretation of any results.
Estimating individual treatment effects on COPD exacerbations by causal machine learning on randomised controlled trials
Authors: Verstraete Kenneth , Gyselinck Iwein , Huts Helene , Das Nilakash , Topalovic Marko , De Vos Maarten , Janssens Wim 
Published: April 2023

RationaleEstimating the causal effect of an intervention at individual level, also called individual treatment effect (ITE), may help in identifying response prior to the intervention.ObjectivesWe aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models which estimate ITE of an intervention using data from randomised controlled trials and illustrate this approach with prediction of ITE on annual chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation rates.MethodsWe used data from 8151 patients with COPD of the Study to Understand Mortality and MorbidITy in COPD (SUMMIT) trial (NCT01313676) to address the ITE of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (FF/VI) versus control (placebo) on exacerbation rate and developed a novel metric, Q-score, for assessing the power of causal inference models. We then validated the methodology on 5990 subjects from the InforMing the PAthway of COPD Treatment (IMPACT) trial (NCT02164513) to estimate the ITE of FF/umeclidinium/VI (FF/UMEC/VI) versus UMEC/VI on exacerbation rate. We used Causal Forest as causal inference model.ResultsIn SUMMIT, Causal Forest was optimised on the training set (n=5705) and tested on 2446 subjects (Q-score 0.61). In IMPACT, Causal Forest was optimised on 4193 subjects in the training set and tested on 1797 individuals (Q-score 0.21). In both trials, the quantiles of patients with the strongest ITE consistently demonstrated the largest reductions in observed exacerbations rates (0.54 and 0.53, p<0.001). Poor lung function and blood eosinophils, respectively, were the strongest predictors of ITE.ConclusionsThis study shows that ML models for causal inference can be used to identify individual response to different COPD treatments and highlight treatment traits. Such models could become clinically useful tools for individual treatment decisions in COPD.
Long-term effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kataoka Kensuke , Nishiyama Osamu , Ogura Takashi , Mori Yoshihiro , Kozu Ryo , Arizono Shinichi , Tsuda Tohru , Tomioka Hiromi , Tomii Keisuke , Sakamoto Koji , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Kagajo Michiko , Ito Hiroyuki , Ichikado Kazuya , Sasano Hajime , Eda Seiichirou , Arita Machiko , Goto Yasuhiro , Hataji Osamu , Fuke Satoshi , Shintani Ryota , Hasegawa Hirotsugu , Ando Masahiko , Ogawa Tomoya , Shiraishi Masashi , Watanabe Fumiko , Nishimura Koichi , Sasaki Takuma , Miyazaki Shinjiro , Saka Hideo , Kondoh Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by worsening dyspnoea and exercise intolerance.Research questionDoes a long-term pulmonary rehabilitation improve exercise tolerance in patients with IPF treated with standard antifibrotic drugs, which are expected to reduce disease progression?MethodsThis open-label randomised controlled trial was performed at 19 institutions. Stable patients receiving nintedanib were randomised into pulmonary rehabilitation and control groups (1:1). The pulmonary rehabilitation group underwent initial rehabilitation which included twice-weekly sessions of monitored exercise training for 12 weeks, followed by an at-home rehabilitation programme for 40 weeks. The control group received usual care only, without pulmonary rehabilitation. Both groups continued to receive nintedanib. The primary and main secondary outcomes were change in 6 min walking distance (6MWD) and change in endurance time (using cycle ergometry) at week 52.ResultsEighty-eight patients were randomised into pulmonary rehabilitation (n=45) and control (n=43) groups. Changes in 6MWD were −33 m (95% CI −65 to −1) and −53 m (95% CI −86 to −21) in the pulmonary rehabilitation and control groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (mean difference, 21 m (95% CI −25 to 66), p=0.38). Changes in endurance time were significantly better in the pulmonary rehabilitation (64 s, 95% CI −42.3 to 171)) than in the control (−123 s (95% CI −232 to −13)) group (mean difference, 187 s (95% CI 34 to 153), p=0.019).InterpretationAlthough pulmonary rehabilitation in patients taking nintedanib did not improve 6MWD in the long term, it led to prolonged improvement in endurance time.Trial registration numberUMIN000026376.
Nuclear quests for the r-process
Authors: Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel , Langanke Karlheinz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe astrophysical r-process produces about half of the elements heavier than iron in the Universe and all of the transactinides. Recently neutron star mergers have been identified as one site of r-process nucleosynthesis. Simulations of this site and the associated nucleosynthesis requires essential nuclear input, ranging from the Equation of State (EoS) of nuclear matter at extreme densities and temperatures to the properties of very neutron-rich nuclei. Many of these quantities have to be modeled, however, constrained by a steadily increasing amount of experimental data. This manuscript summarizes the knowledge of nuclear input required for r-process studies in neutron star mergers.
Differential heavy quark pair production at small x
Authors: Silvetti Federico , Bonvini Marco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the production of a heavy quark pair in proton–proton collisions. For bottom and charm quarks, the final state invariant mass is typically much smaller than the collider energy (e.g. at the LHC), so that high-energy logarithms may spoil the perturbativity of the theoretical prediction at fixed order. The resummation of these logarithms to all orders is thus needed to obtain reliable predictions. In this work, we extend previous results on high-energy (or small-x) resummation to differential distributions in rapidity, transverse momentum and invariant mass, and implement them in the public code .
The gravitational bending of acoustic Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Qiao Chen-Kai , Zhou Mi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcoustic black hole is becoming an attractive topic in recent years, for it open-up new direction for experimental/observational explorations of black holes. In this work, the gravitational bending of acoustic Schwarzschild black hole is investigated. The gravitational deflection angle of particles traveling along null geodesics, weak gravitational lensing and Einstein ring for acoustic Schwarzschild black hole are carefully studied and analyzed. Particularly, in the calculation of gravitational deflection angle, we resort to two approaches—the Gauss–Bonnet theorem and the geodesic method. The results show that the gravitational bending effect in acoustic Schwarzschild black hole is enhanced, compared with conventional Schwarzschild black hole. This result indicates that the acoustic black holes may be more easily detectable in gravitational bending effects and weak gravitational lensing observations.
Bosonic quantum dynamics in Eddington-inspired Born–Infeld gravity global monopole spacetime
Authors: Pereira C. F. S. , Soares A. R. , Vitória R. L. L. , Belich H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe have investigated the relativistic quantum dynamics of a bosonic field in Born–Infeld spacetime with a topological charge by characterizing the global monopole. Firstly, we have analyzed a free bosonic field, by definition, is free in this non-trivial geometry. Due to the effects of the geometry, in fact, the spin-0 boson is confined, of which it is possible to obtain solutions of bound states. Then, in order to generalize the system, we introduce the interaction of the relativistic oscillator and, analytically, we obtain the relativistic energy profile of the system.