bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Hologic Genius Digital Diagnostics System with the ThinPrep Imaging System—A retrospective assessment
Authors: Ikenberg Hans , Lieder Sabrina , Ahr André , Wilhelm Manfred , Schön Christiane , Xhaja Arjola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDigital cytology (DC) with artificial intelligence (AI) is a new approach. The authors compared DC with liquid‐based cytology (LBC) using computer assistance (CAS) in a retrospective, noninterventional study.MethodsIn total, 1994 ThinPrep LBC slides (Hologic), which were previously analyzed in 2020 using an imaging system with CAS in routine cotesting for cytology/human papillomavirus, were reviewed in a blinded mode using the Genius Digital Diagnostics System (Hologic). In 555 cases, a histology result was available. The slides were digitally scanned (volumetric scan) at 14 levels integrated into one. AI algorithms were used to present a gallery of six tiles each (containing objects of interest) in five categories. Six additional tile rows were available, from which the diagnoses were made. All cases with a mismatch between DC and imaging system results were reviewed by an additional cytopathologist.ResultsIn 86.56% of cases, a complete match between both systems was observed using the same cytology categories. When also considering the histology results, the match was 90.37%. In addition, when a cytology follow‐up and/or a retrospective review was applied, the match reached 97.34%. In only 0.65% of cases was a major discrepancy observed (two grades of cytology or a low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion/high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL/HSIL] shift), and none were identified by DC. Significantly more cases of higher severity (atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high grade [ASC‐H], high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL]) were identified with DC, and its negative predictive value was higher. The screening time was significantly shorter with DC.ConclusionsWith the Genius system for DC, the sensitivity for HSIL+/ASC‐H and the specificity for LSIL and HSIL were superior to LBC and CAS. Screening time was significantly lower.
Development of maize inbred lines with elevated grain methionine concentration from a high methionine population
Authors: Hintch Taylor D. , Lauter Adrienne Moran , Kinney Shelly M. , Lubberstedt Thomas , Frei Ursula , Duangpapeng Prakasit , Edwards Jode W. , Scott Marvin Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethionine is a nutritionally limiting amino acid in poultry diets based on maize (Zea mays L.) grain. Synthetic dietary supplements are available but are costly and not preferred by organic poultry producers. The development of high methionine maize varieties would reduce the need for supplementation. Several approaches have been reported for achieving this goal. Here, we report a novel approach that can produce diverse inbred lines with higher content of methionine than other methods. Inbred lines were developed using doubled haploid technology from a broad‐based synthetic population that has undergone mass selection for grain methionine concentration. Out of 18 randomly selected inbred lines, one was significantly higher in methionine concentration than the high methionine check and 11 were not significantly different from it. The inbred lines developed in this way also exhibited useful genetic diversity for several agronomic and kernel quality traits, including flowering date, and orangeness of the kernel. This approach is an excellent complement to other breeding methods for development of varieties for production of poultry feed. Because the approach does not rely on transgenic technology, the resulting lines are suitable for use by organic producers and are well suited to organic production systems.
A machine learning‐derived echocardiographic algorithm identifies people at risk of heart failure with distinct cardiac structure, function, and response to spironolactone: Findings from the HOMAGE trial
Authors: Kobayashi Masatake , Huttin Olivier , Ferreira João Pedro , Duarte Kevin , González Arantxa , Heymans Stephane , Verdonschot Job A.J. , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Clark Andrew L. , Petutschnigg Johannes , Edelmann Frank , Cleland John G. , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas ,   the HOMAGE Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: April 2023

AimAn echocardiographic algorithm derived by machine learning (e′VM) characterizes pre‐clinical individuals with different cardiac structure and function, biomarkers, and long‐term risk of heart failure (HF). Our aim was the external validation of the e′VM algorithm and to explore whether it may identify subgroups who benefit from spironolactone.Methods and resultsThe HOMAGE (Heart OMics in AGEing) trial enrolled participants at high risk of developing HF randomly assigned to spironolactone or placebo over 9 months. The e′VM algorithm was applied to 416 participants (mean age 74 ± 7 years, 25% women) with available echocardiographic variables (i.e. e′ mean, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume and mass indexed by body surface area [LVMi]). The effects of spironolactone on changes in echocardiographic and biomarker variables were assessed across e′VM phenotypes. A majority (>80%) had either a ‘diastolic changes’ (D), or ‘diastolic changes with structural remodelling’ (D/S) phenotype. The D/S phenotype had the highest LVMi, left atrial volume, E/e', natriuretic peptide and troponin levels (all p < 0.05). Spironolactone significantly reduced E/e' and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in the D/S phenotype (p < 0.01), but not in other phenotypes (p > 0.10; pinteraction <0.05 for both). These interactions were not observed when considering guideline‐recommended echocardiographic structural and functional abnormalities. The magnitude of effects of spironolactone on LVMi, left atrial volume and a type I collagen marker was numerically higher in the D/S phenotype than the D phenotype but the interaction test did not reach significance.ConclusionsIn the HOMAGE trial, the e′VM algorithm identified echocardiographic phenotypes with distinct responses to spironolactone as assessed by changes in E/e' and BNP.
Potential global impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in heart failure
Authors: Talha Khawaja M. , Butler Javed , Greene Stephen J. , Aggarwal Rahul , Anker Stefan D. , Claggett Brian L. , Docherty Kieran F. , Solomon Scott D. , McMurray John J.V. , Januzzi James L. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: April 2023

AimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors are effective across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in heart failure (HF); however, population‐wide medication use in eligible patients remains suboptimal. We evaluated the potential implications of optimal global implementation of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in HF.Methods and resultsA decision analytical study was performed using the global prevalence of HF from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 report. Exclusion criteria were applied using the NHANES to ascertain an SGLT‐2 inhibitor‐eligible population, which was mapped onto global LVEF distributions from the REPORT‐HF registry. The number needed to treat for 3 years for the composite of worsening HF events and cardiovascular deaths was calculated from estimated event rates in the DAPA‐HF, EMPEROR‐Reduced, EMPEROR‐Preserved, and DELIVER trials and projected onto the eligible population. An estimated 49 329 000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 43 882 000–54 929 000) HF patients would be eligible for SGLT‐2 inhibitors across all LVEFs, including 25 651 000 (95% CI 22 818 000–28 563 000) with LVEF ≤40% and 23 678 000 (95% CI 21 063 000–26 366 000) with LVEF >40%. Optimal implementation of SGLT‐2 inhibitors would be projected to prevent/postpone 4 512 011 (95% CI 4 013 686–5 024 232) to 5 986 943 (95% CI 5 325 721–6 666 604) total worsening HF events and cardiovascular deaths over 3 years in patients with LVEF <40%. An additional 2 102 606 (95% CI 1 870 394–2 341 301) to 2 557 224 (95% CI 2 274 804–2 847 528) total worsening HF events and cardiovascular deaths would be prevented/postponed in patients with LVEF >40%. Among all eligible HF patients, irrespective of LVEF, 7 069 235 (95% CI 6 288 490–7 871 760) to 8 089 549 (95% CI 7 196 115–9 007 905) total worsening HF events and cardiovascular deaths would be prevented/postponed over this period.ConclusionsOptimal implementation of SGLT‐2 inhibitors globally in HF is projected to prevent/postpone approximately 7–8 million worsening HF events and cardiovascular deaths over 3 years.
Transition Metal Catalysts Bearing Multidentate Ligands for Efficient and Environmental Benign Oxidations by H2O2
Authors: Sappino Carla , Di Stefano Stefano , Lanzalunga Osvaldo , Zonta Cristiano , Licini Giulia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this perspective, two different classes of multidentate ligands (aminotriphenolate and dipyridinimine) and the corresponding metal (Ti, V, Mo, W, Fe) complexes are described. These catalysts can activate efficiently the environmental benign H2O2 oxidant, promoting a wide variety of oxidative processes (sulfoxidations, N‐oxidations, epoxidations, haloperoxidation, alcohol oxidation, hydroxylation).
Convenient Approach to 10‐ and 11‐Membered Azalactams
Authors: Lysenko Viacheslav , Shvydenko Kostiantyn , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shishkina Svitlana , Rusanov Eduard , Kostyuk Aleksandr 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA convenient method for the synthesis of 10‐ and 11‐membered azalactams via reductive cleavage of bicyclic systems featuring an amidine fragment was studied. It was found that the ring‐expansion reaction of bicyclic dihydropyrimidones depends on the ring size of saturated fragment, substituents in the pyrimidone core and reaction conditions. A new efficient method for the synthesis of medium ring azalactams by reductive cleavage of quaternary salts of annulated dihydropyrimidones was proposed as well. The obtained medium ring azalactams with a secondary amine function were used in the synthesis of bicyclic heteroaromatic systems.
Fabrication of Co3O4 particles‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube and poly(phenosafranine) composite electrode for selective and sensitive rutin detection
Authors: Aktürk Merve , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe preparation and characterisation of a new composite electrode with Co3O4 particles‐modified multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and poly(phenosafranine), as well as its novel application for the voltammetric detection of rutin was described. The resulting composite electrode was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the optimised experimental conditions, the oxidation peak current (Ipa) of rutin showed a linear increase in concentration, between 0.008–0.6 and 0.80–6.0 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.00379 μmol L−1. Due to its good selectivity and stability, the composite electrode was successfully applied in detecting rutin in pharmaceutical formulations.
Human consumption of large herbivore digesta and its implications for foraging theory
Authors: Garvey Raven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVegetal matter undergoing digestion in herbivores' stomachs and intestines, digesta, can be an important source of dietary carbohydrates for human foragers. Digesta significantly increases large herbivores' total caloric yield and broadens their nutritional profile to include three key macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrates) in amounts sufficient to sustain small foraging groups for multiple days without supplementation. Ethnographic reports of routine digesta consumption are limited to high latitudes, but the practice may have had a wider distribution prehistorically. Including this underappreciated resource in our foraging hypotheses and models can substantively change their predictions. Assessing the explanatory power of kilocalorie‐centered models relative to ones that attend to humans' other nutritional requirements can help us better address major questions in evolutionary anthropology. This paper explores the foraging implications of digesta in two contexts—sex‐divided subsistence labor and archaeologically observed increases in plant use and sedentism—using estimates of available protein and carbohydrates in the native tissues and digesta, respectively, of a large ruminant herbivore (Bison bison).
New data on chert catchment analysis in inland Iberia during the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Sánchez de la Torre Marta , Mangado Llach Xavier , Castillo‐Jiménez Samuel , Luque Luis , Alcolea‐González José J. , Alcaraz‐Castaño Manuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present the first results obtained after new fieldwork and laboratory studies of chert catchment sources during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in inland Iberia, a region that has been traditionally depicted as marginal and sparsely populated during the last glacial due to its harsh ecological conditions compared to the coastal areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Our main aim is to determine the mobility strategies and social networks of the last Neandertals and first modern humans settled in inland Iberia and neighbouring regions, and eventually test the hypothesis that the last glacial human settlement in the Iberian hinterland was more dense and complex than previously thought. In this study, we focus on the cherts exploited at two archaeological sites: the Peña Cabra and Peña Capón rock shelters. These sites are located in the southeastern foothills of the Central System range, in the province of Guadalajara (Spain), and they have yielded a sequence of human occupations from the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, respectively. To obtain a detailed picture of the mobility patterns and catchment strategies of the hunter‐gatherers settled at these sites, our fieldwork focussed on identifying chert outcrops that could have been frequented and exploited by them. After two field seasons, 22 chert outcrops from eight geological formations were identified and more than 300 samples were collected and analysed. We conducted textural, micropalaeontological, petrographical and geochemical analyses, with the aim of comprehensively characterising the various rock resources available in the study area. Results have shown that different siliceous varieties were available in the area surrounding the sites and both Neandertals and modern humans could have provisioned there. Also, they suggest the potential existence of a network connecting the Tagus and Ebro valleys, but this is a working hypothesis to be tested with future research.
Survival in Huntington’s disease and other young‐onset dementias
Authors: Loi Samantha M. , Tsoukra Paraskevi , Sun Emily , Chen Zhibin , Wibawa Pierre , Biase Maria di , Farrand Sarah , Eratne Dhamidhu , Kelso Wendy , Evans Andrew , Walterfang Mark , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo compare survival and risk factors associated with mortality in common young‐onset dementias (YOD) including Huntington's disease.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included inpatients from an Australian specialist neuropsychiatry service, over 20 years. Dementia diagnoses were based on consensus criteria and Huntington's disease (HD) was confirmed genetically. Mortality and cause of death were determined using linkage to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Death Index.ResultsThere were 386 individuals with YOD included. The dementia types included frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (24.5%), HD (21.2%) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (20.5%). 63% (n = 243) individuals had died. The longest median survival was for those who had HD, 18.8 years from symptom onset and with a reduced mortality risk compared to AD and FTD (hazard ratio 0.5). Overall, people with YOD had significantly increased mortality, of 5–8 times, compared to the general population. Females with a YOD had higher standardised mortality ratio compared to males (9.3 vs. 4.9) overall. The most frequent cause of death in those with HD was reported as HD, with other causes of death in the other YOD‐subtypes related to dementia and mental/behavioural disorders.DiscussionThis is the first Australian study to investigate survival and risk factors of mortality in people with YOD. YOD has a significant risk of death compared to the general population. Our findings provide useful clinical information for people affected by YOD as well as future planning and service provision.
Persistent homology‐based functional connectivity and its association with cognitive ability: Life‐span study
Authors: Ryu Hyunnam , Habeck Christian , Stern Yaakov , Lee Seonjoo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrain‐segregation attributes in resting‐state functional networks have been widely investigated to understand cognition and cognitive aging using various approaches [e.g., average connectivity within/between networks and brain system segregation (BSS)]. While these approaches have assumed that resting‐state functional networks operate in a modular structure, a complementary perspective assumes that a core‐periphery or rich club structure accounts for brain functions where the hubs are tightly interconnected to each other to allow for integrated processing. In this article, we apply a novel method, persistent homology (PH), to develop an alternative to standard functional connectivity by quantifying the pattern of information during the integrated processing. We also investigate whether PH‐based functional connectivity explains cognitive performance and compare the amount of variability in explaining cognitive performance for three sets of independent variables: (1) PH‐based functional connectivity, (2) graph theory‐based measures, and (3) BSS. Resting‐state functional connectivity data were extracted from 279 healthy participants, and cognitive ability scores were generated in four domains (fluid reasoning, episodic memory, vocabulary, and processing speed). The results first highlight the pattern of brain‐information flow over whole brain regions (i.e., integrated processing) accounts for more variance of cognitive abilities than other methods. The results also show that fluid reasoning and vocabulary performance significantly decrease as the strength of the additional information flow on functional connectivity with the shortest path increases. While PH has been applied to functional connectivity analysis in recent studies, our results demonstrate potential utility of PH‐based functional connectivity in understanding cognitive function.
Dynamic brain responses to Russian word acquisition among Chinese adult learners: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Huang Yan , Jiang Caihong , Xu Yong , Rao Hengyi , Xu Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman learners are capable to acquire foreign language vocabulary at an impressive speed even in adulthood. Previous studies have examined the neural mechanisms underlying rapid acquisition of Latin‐alphabet vocabulary and revealed dynamic changes in several event‐related potential (ERP) components during novel word learning. However, scant attention has been paid to the acquisition of Russian words. The present study used ERP and examined dynamic brain responses to rapid Russian word acquisition in 53 native Chinese speakers with no prior knowledge of Russian language. Behavioral data showed robust individual differences in Russian word acquisition, with most participants being able to rapidly learn a subset of novel Russian words in a few exposures. ERP results revealed significant learning effects in the P200, N400, and P600 amplitudes. Moreover, P600 amplitude changes predicted participants' word acquisition after learning. These findings demonstrated dynamic brain responses to rapid Russian word learning and suggested that the P600 component may serve as a bio‐marker for individual learning ability in Russian word acquisition.
High‐frequency longitudinal white matter diffusion‐ and myelin‐based MRI database: Reliability and variability
Authors: Edde Manon , Theaud Guillaume , Dumont Matthieu , Théberge Antoine , Valcourt‐Caron Alex , Gilbert Guillaume , Houde Jean‐Christophe , Maltais Loika , Rheault François , Spagnolo Federico , Barakovic Muhamed , Magon Stefano , Descoteaux Maxime 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAssessing the consistency of quantitative MRI measurements is critical for inclusion in longitudinal studies and clinical trials. Intraclass coefficient correlation and coefficient of variation were used to evaluate the different consistency aspects of diffusion‐ and myelin‐based MRI measures. Multi‐shell diffusion and inhomogeneous magnetization transfer data sets were collected from 20 healthy adults at a high‐frequency of five MRI sessions. The consistency was evaluated across whole bundles and the track‐profile along the bundles. The impact of the fiber populations on the consistency was also evaluated using the number of fiber orientations map. For whole and profile bundles, moderate to high reliability of diffusion and myelin measures were observed. We report higher reliability of measures for multiple fiber populations than single. The overall portrait of the most consistent measurements and bundles drawn from a wide range of MRI techniques presented here will be particularly useful for identifying reliable biomarkers capable of detecting, monitoring and predicting white matter changes in clinical applications and has the potential to inform patient‐specific treatment strategies.
Secretome mediated interactions between sensory neurons and breast cancer cells
Authors: Jerard Chinnu , Madhusudanan Pallavi , Swamy Aditi , Ravikumar Karishma , Shankarappa Sahadev A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of the nervous system in aiding cancer progression and metastasis is an important aspect of cancer pathogenesis. Interaction between cancer cells and neurons in an in vitro platform is a simple and robust method to further understand this phenomenon. In our study, we aimed to examine in vitro reciprocal effect between breast cancer cells and cancer‐sensitized peripheral primary sensory neurons. Secretome obtained from either cultured DRG neurons from tumor‐burdened rats, or MRMT1 breast cancer cells were used to study neuronal and cancer cell reciprocity. We utilized neurite analysis, modified cell migration assay and cell signaling pathway inhibitors to determine neurite growth patterns and cell migration in PC12/DRG neurons and MRMT1 cells, respectively. MRMT1 secretome was found to induce significant neurite outgrowth in PC12 and primary sensory neurons. Secretome‐induced neurite growth in PC12 cells was partly mediated by PI3K and ERK pathways, but not by adenylyl cyclase. Conversely, secretome from tumor‐sensitized sensory neuron cultures induced increased rate of migration in cultured MRMT1 cells. Results from our study provide additional support to the hypothesis that both breast cancer cells and nerve terminals secrete signaling messengers that have a reciprocal effect on each other.