bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floristic inventory and distribution characteristics of algific talus slopes in a specific area of forest biodiversity in South Korea
Authors: Lee Jong-Won , Yun Ho-Geun , Hwang TaeYoung , Kim Kyung Min , Jung Se-Hoon , An Jong Bin 
Published: April 2023

This study conducted a survey for establishing in-situ and ex-situ conservation measures for northern linage plants that are vulnerable to climate change and for designating Forest Genetic Resource Reserve for 25 algific talus slope sites, which are specific areas of forest biodiversity. The survey was conducted in South Korea within a distance of 50 m to the east, west, north, and south from the core area where wind blows to the algific talus slopes. The study was conducted once or twice per season from April 2016 to November 2021.
Vascular plants of 25 algific talus slope sites in South Korea included a total of 1,052 taxa of 125 families, 486 genera, 947 species, 23 subsp., 75 var., and 7 f. The maximum surveyed area was 0.09 km2, accounting for only 0.00014% of the 62,860 km2 forest area in Korea, but comprise 22.27% of the 4,724 species of vascular plants in Korea. The algific talus slopes are areas rich in forest biodiversity. Six taxa were categorized as endangered, including Paeonia obovata Maxim. Sixty-seven taxa, including Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.; 58 taxa endemic to the Korean Peninsula, including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H. Bailey; and 317 taxa of floristic target plants were categorized as rare plants in the Red list. Further, 181 taxa were identified as northern linage plants and 32 taxa, including Sillaphyton podagraria (H. Boissieu) Pimenov, were limestone area plants. Regarding alien plants, 75 taxa, including Oenothera biennis L., were identified, and the naturalization and urbanization rates were 7.13% and 12.12%, respectively. Plants specific to the phytogeography of the 25 algific talus slope sites in this study were Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Rosa koreana Kom., Syringa villosa Vahl subsp. wolfii (C.K. Schneid.) Y. Chen & D.Y. Hong, Lonicera chrysantha Turcz. ex Ledeb., Tephroseris flammea (Turcz. ex DC.) Holub, among others.
Investigation of the Use of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products for COVID-19 Prevention and Respiratory Symptoms Treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sri Lanka
Authors: Uyangoda Navanjana T. P. , Gamagedara Tharalamini P. , Suraweera Ruwani K. , Nawarathna Lakshika S. 
Published: April 2023

Background: With the lack of specific treatment against COVID-19, Sri Lankans were seeking alternative treatment options such as herbal medicines as preventive measures and treatment options against COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of such alternative treatment options usage by Sri Lankans during the pandemic and to assess the self-perceived effectiveness and adverse effects of herbal medicines from the participants’ perception. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general public. Data was collected using a questionnaire. A total of 804 participants were included in the study. Descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. A Chi-square test was performed to determine the association between the studied variables. Results: Among the participants, 90.4% reported using herbal medicines as preventive measures against COVID-19, and 86.7% used them to treat respiratory symptoms. Coriander and ginger were the most commonly used medicinal plants as preventives and in the treatment of respiratory symptoms. These herbs were perceived to be effective in alleviating respiratory symptoms by more than 85% of their users. A minority of the consumers (15.4%) experienced adverse effects associated with the use of herbal medicines as preventive measures. The use of herbal medicines as preventive measures was associated with the participant's age (p = 0.032) and education level (p <0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the perceived effectiveness of some medicinal herbs in treating respiratory symptoms and recommends future research to isolate the compounds with potential pharmacological effects and conduct clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of the most commonly used plants.
Effect of COVID-19 and sociocultural milieu on the psychopathology of mental health disorders
Authors: Maggu Gaurav , Jaishy Rajon , Srivastava Mona , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed a remarkable threat to mental health all around the world. This pandemic has increased the incidence of common as well as severe mental illness (SMI) all around the world.

Materials and Methods:
We report 10 cases presenting to the psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) of Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, from August to October 2020. They were either referred by other departments (3 patients) or came primarily to psychiatric OPD (7).

Results:
Five out of these 10 cases presented with predominant psychotic features; 3 cases had predominant obsessive–compulsive features; and 1 case was of dissociative trance possession.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 can affect the psychopathology of both types of patients either with preexisting mental illness as well as new-onset SMI.
Association of childhood psychological trauma with eating disorders in undergraduate medical students
Authors: Samudra Madhura , Davis Supriya , Gupta Nishtha , Chaudhury Suprakash , Saldanha Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Aim:
The aim of the study was to study the association of childhood psychological trauma with eating disorders (EDs) and to assess and compare the relationship with food, concerns about weight gain, and restrictive or compensatory practices in male and female undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional, analytical study was performed in a Tertiary Care Medical College and Research Hospital in a suburban area of India. After obtaining ethical clearance, 100 final-year undergraduate students were included in the study with their informed consent. Self-made questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Stirling ED Scale with Disordered Eating Attitude Scale were used. Spearman's correlation coefficient (Rho) was calculated.

Results:
There was a significant correlation of history of childhood psychological trauma in the form of emotional abuse, emotional neglect or physical abuse and physical neglect with higher prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and relationship with food, concern about weight gain, and compensatory practices. No significant relationship was found in a history of sexual abuse.

Conclusion:
The importance of a healthy psychosocial upbringing and nurturing by parents to prevent development of psychiatric comorbidities is an important finding in this study.
Risk factors of postpartum depression
Authors: Dubey Amresh , Chatterjee Kaushik , Chauhan Vinay Singh , Sharma Rachit , Dangi Ankit , Adhvaryu Arka 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common puerperal psychiatric illnesses impairing quality of life and mental health of the mother and also the child.

Aim:
The aim is to study the prevalence and risk factors of PPD.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional observational study was done on a sample of 295 mothers who delivered and were followed up at a tertiary care hospital. The mothers were administered Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and demographic, psychosocial, and clinical data were collected.

Results:
The age of the participant mothers ranged from 18 to 35 years and age at marriage ranged from 21 to 24 years. In most of the mothers, the parity was 2 and they had institutional vaginal delivery. The prevalence of PPD in this population of mothers was 30.84%. The factors that had a statistically significant association with PPD included: lower educational status of mother, lower family income, rural place of residence, higher parity, preterm delivery, and adverse events in newborn.

Conclusion:
PPD is a common mental health problem in the postpartum period. Sociodemographic factors such as low educational status of mothers, rural population, and low monthly family income were found to be associated with PPD. Primipara status, preterm delivery, and adverse events in newborn were also significantly associated.
Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis in the context of local seroprevalence: A chart review study and a methodological overview
Authors: Baráth András , Révész Mónika , Gönczi Márton , Bekő Gabriella , Zóka András 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:
In neuroborreliosis (NB) serology might objectively differentiate ongoing from past infection when the intrathecal space is involved. The hierarchy of the parallel serum-CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) methods is seldom discussed and remains elusive in daily practice. We compared the efficacy of certain methods and assessed the prevalence of anti-Borrelia antibodies in the local population.

Methods:
We summarized standard two-tier test results in all ELISA-reactive samples of patients with suspected NB (n=152) since 2017 and tested 122 unrelated sera for anti-Borrelia antibodies from central Hungary.

Results:
The most common central nervous system symptom was a cranial nerve palsy (27.6% of all subjects). CSF was available in 25 cases. A serum-CSF IgG-matched line immunoassay (LIA) detected intrathecal antibody production correctly in 6 of 8 samples when compared to the ELISA-based antibody-index (AI). Among the 122 random sera the prevalence of specific anti-Borrelia IgG antibodies (on LIA, not including anti-p41) were 6.8% above 30 and 10% above 60 years. Our results enable us to assume the predictive values of serological results according to the pretest probability of neuroborreliosis.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Our results suggest that recombinant antigen-based two-tier serology from solely the sera might have sufficient positive predictive value to verify NB in young individuals with characteristic anamnestic data in our region. When parallel serum-CSF testing is warranted, AI should have priority. IgG and albumin concentrations in both the serum and the CSF, the potential time of exposure and the nature and duration of symptoms form the bare minimal set of data for conclusive testing.
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on immature stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Ojha VP , Pasi Shweta , Dhiman Ramesh C 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:
Understanding the influence of ultraviolet light on organisms is important for examining the hazards of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, little is known about the biological toxicity of ultraviolet light against mosquitoes, which are regularly exposed to UV light. This study was planned to determine the impact of UV radiation on different aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefaciatus mosquitoes.

Methods:
We exposed I/II instar larvae, III/IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes to UV radiation of 253 nm wavelength in a closed chamber of 30×30 cm. The exposure was done for different time intervals viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 minutes and so on. Development of larvae/pupae to adult stage was monitored daily and mortality, if any, was recorded.

Results:
Development of I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus to pupal stage was unsuccessful at an exposure time of one minute while only 1.7% pupation occurred in I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti upon similar exposure. When III/IV stage larvae were exposed to UV light, pupal development occurred only at 30seconds and one-minute exposure in An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus but in Ae. aegypti, no pupation occurred with one-minute exposure. With four-minute UV exposure of pupae, no adult emerged in Ae. aegypti; 33.3% adult emerged in An. stephensi and 66.7% adult emerged in Cx. quinquefaciatus.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Our results show that UV radiation results in developmental arrest of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes.
Early efficacy of individual regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Putra Oki Nugraha , Yulistiani Yulistiani , Soedarsono Soedarsono , Subay Susi 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To evaluate early efficacy of sputum conversion within 6 months of individual regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with drug resistant tuberculosis.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study among patients with drug resistant tuberculosis who were receiving individual regimens containing bedaquiline. The primary outcome was sputum conversion of both smear and culture within 6 months of treatment. We used medical records of drug resistant tuberculosis patients from January 2020 to December 2021. The study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia from August to October 2022.

Results:
In this study, 44 eligible drug resistant tuberculosis patients were initiated on regimens containing bedaquiline. There were 52.3% males and the median age was 45.5 years. The rates of previous treatment (70.5%) and lung cavity (36.4%) were high. The most common companion drugs included clofazimine, cycloserine, levofloxacin, and linezolid. Sputum smear and culture conversion was seen in 79.4% and 82.1% at the 2nd month, respectively. More than 97% patients had smear and culture conversion at the end of 6 months.

Conclusions:
Among drug resistant tuberculosis patients, individual regimens containing bedaquiline were associated with high rates of smear and culture conversion at the end of 6 months. Early efficacy of regimens containing bedaquiline can be used to predict cure rate at the end of treatment.
Simplified clinical algorithm for immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation
Authors: Subronto Yanri Wijayanti , Kusmayanti Nur Aini , Januraga Pande Putu , Wirawan Late Nyoman Dewa , Wisaksana Rudi , Sukmaningrum Evi , Kawi Nurhayati Hamim , Iskandar Shelly , Mulyani Tri , Sulaiman Nurjannah , Magnani Robert , Kaldor John , Law Matthew 
Published: April 2023

Background & objectives:
Although the World Health Organization recommends same day or rapid (< seven days) antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, delays in ART initiation remain common due to waiting for laboratory test results. This study employed a simplified clinical algorithm the HATI [HIV Awal (Early) Test & Treat Indonesia]-SAI (Simple ART Initiation) aimed to increase the proportion of ART uptake and decrease the time to ART initiation that can be used in various care settings.

Methods:
This study compared the percentage of ART uptake and retention, viral load (VL) suppression and time to ART initiation between the observation and intervention phases among newly diagnosed HIV patients from key populations. As part of the intervention, the newly diagnosed patients underwent screening using a simple form [consisting of data on age, height and weight (for body mass index calculation), questions on the presence of symptoms of HIV stages 1 and 2, tuberculosis, history of diabetes, hypertension and kidney disease], to determine eligibility for immediate ART initiation. Those who met the pre-defined criteria immediately received a combination of tenofovir lamivudine and efavirenz for two weeks. The baseline laboratory examination due to this was moved up to two weeks post ART. Factors significantly associated with ART uptake were also determined and their odds ratios were measured using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 2173 people newly diagnosed with HIV were recruited, with 1579 and 594 in the observation and intervention phases, respectively. In both phases, the majority were men who have sex with men, who were young (<30 yr old) and employed, with high levels of education. The intervention phase significantly increased the proportion of ART initiation [91%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 89-93% vs. 78%, 95% CI: 76-80%] but did not have any impact on the proportion of six months retention and VL suppression. The intervention also significantly decreased the time to ART initiation from median ± interquartile range: 9±20 days to 2±10 days.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that the HATI-SAI intervention increased the uptake and decreased the time for immediate ART initiation. The HATI-SAI provides a simple and safe clinical approach that can readily be adopted in different settings without a costly investment in technology.
Osteotomy in lateral sinus augmentation
Authors: Singh Rachana , Aurora Jitender Kumar , Bedi R. S. , Chauhan Himanshu , Banerjee Adrineel , Srivastava Charukirti 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Various sinus lift techniques have been tried to minimize the rate of perforations, especially in Type I and Type II sinus membrane thickness.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim and objectives of this study was to present our own experience compare and the efficacy of conventional direct sinus lift technique and direct sinus lift using LAS Kit.

Material and Methods:
Our study included 14 patients in which seven patients in conventional technique and seven patients in Lateral Approach Sinus (LAS) Kit®.

Result:
The results showed that the sinus membrane perforation rate, using LAS Kit® with specially designed drills, is less than that of the conventional technique, especially in Type I and II sinus membrane with the added benefit of reduced operative time. The mean operative time in conventional technique was 28.29 ± 2.21min and in LAS Kit®, it was 19.43 ± 2.88min which was statistically significantly less than the conventional technique group (P < 0.001). In both the groups, 100% implant integrity was achieved (measured using reverse torque technique) after 6 months of follow-up. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in pain, swelling, flap dehiscence, and infection at different time intervals.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the use of LAS Kit® for sinus lift procedure in atrophied maxilla with Type I and II sinus membrane is a much safer approach over the conventional technique. Further, the results obtained also showed that blood coagulum gave better gain in bone height over a period of 6 months.
Biomechanical evaluation of different fixation techniques following modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy using buccal step
Authors: Warade Pratik Dhananjay , Kshirsagar Rajesh , Mishra Prasamita , Prasad Pranave , Sardeshmukh Amruta 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different designs of rigid fixation using polyurethane hemimandible replicas following modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy with buccal step.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-eight polyurethane hemimandible replicas have been used. Following the osteotomy and fixation, each specimen has been mounted on a Universal Testing unit using a prefabricated customized jig and has been tested to a range of vertical forces starting from 0 N on the incisal edge of lateral incisor and lateral forces of on lateral surface of mandibular first molar. Progressive load has been applied until a deflection of 10 mm was observed. SPSS version 20 has been used for analyzing the data. The biomechanical stability of different osteosynthesis has been compared using a one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. P ≤ 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Results:
After advancement of 7 mm, comparison of vertical load and lateral load among different miniplate systems showed that load was maximum in bicortical screws in inverted L pattern followed by T-shaped miniplate system and was least in single six-hole straight plate (0.001) at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:
Our study concludes that bicortical screws in inverted “L” pattern are more resistant to lateral load as well as on the application of vertical load when compared to other fixation techniques and statistical difference was evident.
Mysterious alarming mucormycosis
Authors: Neville JF , Jayanthi Abhinay , Reena  , Rath Amrita 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The sudden epidemic of mucormycosis amid COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged our understanding of the disease while affecting the whole medical and surgical management. Overzealous use of steroids in the management of covid-19 and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has resulted in a tremendous rise in mucormycosis cases further burdening the already strained health care infrastructure and health care workers, especially the anesthesiologists. While working in a tertiary care institute of the country, we have been facing multiple challenges in its anesthetic management on a daily basis. This article is a case series involving four different patients who were operated for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with a brief discussion on various aspects of this multisystem epidemic.
Correcting for Verbal Autopsy Misclassification Bias in Cause-Specific Mortality Estimates
Authors: Fiksel Jacob , Gilbert Brian , Wilson Emily , Kalter Henry , Kante Almamy , Akum Aveika , Blau Dianna , Bassat Quique , Macicame Ivalda , Samo Gudo Eduardo , Black Robert , Zeger Scott , Amouzou Agbessi , Datta Abhirup 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Verbal autopsies (VAs) are extensively used to determine cause of death (COD) in many low- and middle-income countries. However, COD determination from VA can be inaccurate. Computer coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms used for this task are imperfect and misclassify COD for a large proportion of deaths. If not accounted for, this misclassification leads to biased estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions (CSMFs), a critical piece in health-policy making. Recent work has demonstrated that the knowledge of the CCVA misclassification rates can be used to calibrate raw VA-based CSMF estimates to account for the misclassification bias. In this manuscript, we review the current practices and issues with raw COD predictions from CCVA algorithms and provide a complete primer on how to use the VA calibration approach with the calibratedVA software to correct for verbal autopsy misclassification bias in cause-specific mortality estimates. We use calibratedVA to obtain CSMFs for child (1–59 months) and neonatal deaths using VA data from the Countrywide Mortality Surveillance for Action project in Mozambique.
Validity of Self-Reported Mosquito Bites to Assess Household Mosquito Abundance in Six Communities of Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador
Authors: Glover Brian , Lee Gwenyth O. , Suing Oscar , Ha Thien-An , Thongsripong Panpim , Cevallos Varsovia , Ponce Patricio , Van Wyk Hannah , Morrison Amy C. , Coloma Josefina , Eisenberg Joseph N.S. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT.
Mosquito-borne diseases are a global burden; however, current methods of evaluating human–mosquito contact rates are expensive and time consuming. Validated surveys of self-reported mosquito bites may be an inexpensive way to determine mosquito presence and bite exposure level in an area, but this remains untested. In this study, a survey of self-reported mosquito bites was validated against household mosquito abundance from six communities in Esmeraldas, Ecuador. From February 2021 to July 2022, households were interviewed monthly, and five questions were used to ask participants how often they were bitten by mosquitoes at different times during the day. At the same time, adult mosquitoes were collected using a Prokopack aspirator. Species were identified and counted. Survey responses were compared with the total number of mosquitoes found in the home using negative binomial regression. More frequent self-reported mosquito bites were significantly associated with higher numbers of collected adult mosquitoes. These associations were driven by the prevalence of the dominant genera, Culex. These results suggest that surveys of perceived mosquito bites relate to actual mosquito presence, making them a potentially useful tool for determining the impact of vector–control interventions on community perceptions of risk but less useful for assessing the risk of nondominant species such as Aedes aegypti. Further work is needed to examine the robustness of these results in other contexts.