bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Medication Adherence With HbA1c Control Among American Indian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Using Tribal Health Services
Authors: Scarton Lisa , Nelson Tarah , Yao Yingwei , DeVaughan-Circles Ashley , Legaspi Anatolia B. , Donahoo William T. , Segal Richard , Goins R. Turner , Manson Spero M. , Wilkie Diana J. 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE
To examine HbA1c levels and adherence to oral glucose-lowering medications and their association with future HbA1c levels among American Indian adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving medications at no cost from a tribal health care system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Tribal citizens with T2D who used Choctaw Nation Health Services Authority (CNHSA) and Pharmacies and had HbA1c data during 2017–2018 were included in this study. Medication adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC] ≥0.80) was calculated using 2017 CNHSA electronic health record data.

RESULTS
Of the 74,000 tribal citizens living on tribal lands, 4,560 were eligible; 32% had HbA1c at or below target (≤7%), 36% were above target (&gt;7 to ≤9%), and 32% were uncontrolled (&gt;9%) in 2017. The percentage of patients with PDC ≥0.80 was 66% for those using biguanides, 72% for sulfonylureas, 75% for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and 83% for sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. The proportion of patients with HbA1c at or below target increased slightly from 32% in 2017 to 42% in 2018. Higher average PDC in 2017 was associated with lower HbA1c levels in 2018 (β = −1.143; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Medication adherence was higher than that found in previous studies using self-report methods in American Indian populations, although a smaller proportion of patients had HbA1c at or below target relative to U.S. adults with T2D. Medication adherence was associated with improved HbA1c levels for most oral glucose-lowering medication classes. Future studies of American Indians should use both longitudinal prescription data from both electronic health records and pharmacy refills.
Anti-Icing Behaviour of Thermally Sprayed Polymer Coatings
Authors: Koivuluoto H. , Stenroos C. , Kylmälahti M. , Vuoristo P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the anti-icing properties of flame-sprayed polyethylene (PE) coatings. In laboratory scale icing tests, thermally sprayed polymer coatings showed low ice adhesion compared to metals such as aluminum and stainless steel. The ice adhesion of flame-sprayed PE coatings was found to be roughly seven times lower than that of bulk aluminium and five times lower than that of bulk stainless steel.
ZrB2-Based Coatings by Plasma Spraying: Behavior Under Oxidizing and Corrosive Atmospheres at Temperatures Exceeding 2000 °C
Authors: Barré C. , Quet A. , Bianchi L. , Zeppa C. , Sanchez C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work deals with ZrB2-based coatings prepared by inert plasma spraying and their behavior under high heat flux in moist atmospheres. ZrB2 coatings with different compositions and microstructures were produced and subjected to high-temperature oxidation testing in order to identify the most oxidation-resistant sample. It is shown that coating microstructure can significantly influence oxidation kinetics and that uniformly dispersed nanoscale additives are particularly effective for slowing oxidation.
Pulsed Current Investigations and Effects of the Wire Arc Spraying Process
Authors: Atzberger A. , Huismann G. , Szulc M. , Kirner S. , Zimmermann S. , Forster G. , Schein J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates arc behavior associated with twin-wire arc spraying and the effect of pulsed current power on arc formation and coating properties. It is shown through false color images and by calculations that arc length is directly related to voltage and that a “natural” frequency can be obtained from voltage fluctuations. By applying current pulses at this frequency, arc movement along the wire tips is effectively controlled because the arc reignites with each current pulse. This results in coatings with lower oxide content and a microstructure nearly free of the lamellae typically found in dc arc spray deposits. Further improvements are likely to be achieved by optimizing the configuration of the wire guides relative to the gas nozzle.
Application of Cold Spraying for Contact Reactive Brazing of Mg Alloy to Steel
Authors: Li H. , Nie H.-J. , Long W.-M. , Zhong S.-J. , Chen Z. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the use of cold gas spraying (CGS) for depositing braze filler coatings. In the experiments, pure Cu layers were sprayed onto Mg alloy substrates, which were then joined to AlSi steel by contact reaction brazing in a vacuum furnace. The bonding temperature influenced the dissolution of Cu as well as the eutectic reaction between the coating and substrate. The thickness of the brazed seam was found to be 300 μm although the initial thickness of the Cu layer was just 50 μm. The shear strength of the joint peaked at 37 MPa, corresponding to a brazing temperature of 530 °C. Intermetallic phases and interfacial defects of various types were responsible for the low strength of the joints.
Integration of a Thermal Spray Process into a Production Line for Passenger Car Aluminum Engine Blocks
Authors: Gand B. , Wörfel A. , Mörz C. , Saule H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses some of the challenges encountered and overcome in the development of a thermal spray production cell and its integration into a production line for aluminum engine blocks. Examples of thermal spray coatings applied to cylinder bore surfaces are presented and discussed.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Sprayed Ni-Al2O3 Coatings
Authors: Żórawski W. , Góral A. , Makrenek M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, Ni-Al2O3 powder mixtures containing different amounts of alumina were cold sprayed onto Al 7075 substrates. SEM analysis showed that the Al2O3 particles were mainly distributed between elongated nickel grains although some were found fragmented on the surface due to impact with embedded Al2O3 particles. All coatings exhibited high surface roughness while those with 40 wt% Al2O3 had the best balance between embedded particle content and coating porosity. Nanoindentation tests revealed significant variations in hardness and Young's modulus over the surface of the coatings.
Study of the Properties of Cold-Sprayed In718 Deposits
Authors: Huang R. , Fukanuma H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inconel 718 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-base superalloy with decent corrosion resistance, high strength at ambient temperature, and excellent creep and fatigue strength at high temperature. In this study, Inconel 718 was deposited by cold spraying with nitrogen and helium gas. Particle velocities were measured and splat morphology and coating microstructure were observed. Mechanical properties, including hardness, bond strength, and tensile strength, were also investigated. Although the deposits sprayed with helium had slightly better mechanical properties, nitrogen-sprayed Inconel 718, post heat treatment, exhibited mechanical properties similar to those of the bulk material.
Influence of Phosphorus and Tin Content on Various Characteristics of Cold-Sprayed Copper Coatings
Authors: Yamauchi Y. , Miyaji S. , Akabayashi M. , Tanaka R. , Yoshino F. , Hideshima H. , Hanamachi T. , Hirano S. , Aikawa N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cold-sprayed copper coatings tend to be brittle and their electrical conductivity is inferior to that of the bulk material. In order to solve these problems, conventionally, it has been attempted to recover the metallic structure by heat treatment. This study, however, focuses on the effects of phosphorus and tin with the aim of improving cold spray copper coatings by optimizing the impurity content of Cu powder. It is shown that, by adjusting the content of P and Sn, dense copper coatings can be obtained with high ductility and electrical conductivity equal to that of the bulk material.
Modelling of Coating Profile in Cold Spray and its Application in Offline Programming Software
Authors: Chen C. , Xie Y. , Deng S. , Verdy C. , Liao H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a numerical model is developed to simulate cold-spray coating profiles based on spray angle, nozzle traverse speed, and scan step. An extension of the model was also developed that predicts coating thickness distributions based on kinematics data obtained using robot trajectory monitoring equipment. Experimental studies were also conducted to validate the numerical models and assess the simulated results.
Thermally Sprayed Al-Mn Coatings for Wet Corrosion Protection as Alternative to Cadmium
Authors: Foerg A. , Wolf G. , Masset P. J. , Libralesso L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the corrosion performance of aluminum-manganese (Al-Mn) coatings deposited on 42CrMo4 steel by atmospheric plasma spraying and (APS). Al-Mn alloy powder containing 25 at% Mn was gas atomized under nitrogen atmosphere using pure Al and Mn as starting materials. The powder was characterized by laser granulometry and SEM-EDX analysis. A fraction with particle sizes ranging from 10 to 60 μm was used as the feedstock powder. The APS coatings were characterized by optical image analysis, Vickers hardness measurements, and salt-spray testing. The Al-Mn coatings exhibited significantly higher hardness in comparison to pure aluminum. Red rust appeared after 240 h of salt-spray testing, leading to local coating detachment after 1000 h. The corrosion attack starts at coating defects such as microcracks, which can be attributed to the brittleness and nonuniform melting behavior of the powder and possibly inhomogeneities in the spraying process.
Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Mg-Ni Nanoparticles
Authors: Aktekin B. , Öztürk T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, a 30 kW RF plasma reactor is used to synthesize metallic (Ni) and intermetallic (Mg2Ni) nanoparticles along with carbon-encapsulated Ni. The system was configured with injection probes at the top and bottom of the torch to facilitate the synthesis of compounds as well as core-shell particle structures. Materials used as precursors include methane, Ni, Mg, and pre-alloyed Mg2Ni powder. By feeding Ni together with methane, nickel nanoparticles encapsulated with 6-10 layers of graphite were produced. The core-shell particles and other samples collected were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and electron imaging techniques and were found to be spherical in shape and less than 100 nm in diameter.
Analysis of the High Cyclic Lifetime of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Columnar Coatings
Authors: Bernard B. , Quet A. , Bianchi L. , Joulia A. , Malié A. , Rémy B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal lifetime properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings with a columnar microstructure. YSZ suspensions were sprayed under different conditions in order to obtain a sample lot with columnar microstructures varying from well-separated to closely spaced. Thermo-cyclic fatigue (TCF) tests were performed at 1100 °C and the results are presented. Coatings with well-separated columns reached 2150 cycles prior to failure compared to 1300 cycles in the case of coatings with compact columns. The apparent lower TCF resistance is attributed to a loss of thermal compliance inducing the development of sharp intercolumnar cracks. Failures seem to be linked to debonding at the TGO-substrate interface. The bond coat and substrate surface roughness also play a role in such failures and their impact is discussed.
Effect of Pre and Post Processes on Cold Spray Coating Properties
Authors: Koh P. K. , Ng H. W. , Cheang P. , Loke K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although research has been reported on pre and post processes for cold spraying, quantitative results are lacking. This study aims to quantify the effect of pre-coat grit blasting and post-spray stress relief and annealing treatments on cold-spray coating microhardness, bond strength, and microstructure. It was found that stress relief treatments reduce hardness, but have little effect on adhesion. Annealing also reduces hardness, but is shown to significantly improve adhesive bond strength. Grit blasting, on the other hand, was found to have a detrimental effect on tensile adhesion strength with little impact on coating microhardness.
Cause Study to the Occurrence of Unmelted Wire Pieces During Wire Arc Spraying
Authors: Mayr W. , Steiner E. , Heilmeier S. , Blau L. , Szulc M. , Atzberger A. , Hartz-Behrend K. , Zimmermann S. , Zierhut J. , Schein J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the cause of process instabilities in large and small scale arc spraying production equipment and in an experimental spray gun. Arc voltage and current, voltage drop at the wire contact sleeves, and wire feed velocity are recorded and spectrum analysis is used to predict the separation of unmelted wire pieces, or cold shots, during spraying with a view to quality assurance. A high-speed camera with pulsed LED illumination is used to observe droplet detachment and spray jet generation. For each case, applied diagnostics are presented and the results are interpreted with respect to the physical causes of instability and how to avoid them.
Simultaneously Spraying of Different Wires by Twin Wire Arc Spraying Using Adapted Air-Caps and Shroud Effect
Authors: Tillmann W. , Abdulgader M. , Bezerra D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, different air-cap configurations and shroud designs are developed and tested in twin wire arc spraying (TWAS) trails with the intent of increasing the collision probability of in-flight particles and thereby controlling coating composition and microstructure. In order to obtain greater insight on alloying effects and a better understanding of the coating build-up process, solid nickel and solid iron wires are used as feedstock materials and simultaneously sprayed on medium carbon steel substrates. The effect of polarity reversal and the use of a secondary atomization gas are also assessed. Detailed test results are presented in the paper along with in-depth analysis.
Influence of Powder Characteristics on the Microstructure and Bond Strength of Cold-Sprayed Aluminum Coating
Authors: Léger P. E. , Borit F. , Fabrègue N. , Jeandin M. , Ducos M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the influence of powder morphology on the microstructure and bond strength of cold-sprayed aluminum. Aluminum powders with spherical and irregular particle shapes were deposited on shot-peened steel. The feedstocks were mixed with alumina powders, either spherical or angular in shape, to improve coating properties. Coating samples and powder mixtures were examined by means of SEM and XRD analysis and pull-off tests were conducted to evaluate coating adhesion. It was found that alumina addition reduces porosity and increases hardness and that aluminum-alumina mixtures with the same particle shape are more suitable for producing dense coatings with high bond strength.
Effects of Powder Structures and HVOF Processes on Erosion Wear Performance of WC-10Co4Cr Coatings
Authors: Ding X. , Cheng X.-D. , Shi J. , Li C. , Ding Z.-X. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study assesses the erosion resistance of WC-CoCr coatings produced from multimodal and conventional powders. The feedstocks were sprayed with a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) torch using propane and kerosene as the fuels. Powder morphology and coating structures were analyzed by OM, SEM, and XRD. Coating properties including porosity, hardness, and fracture toughness were measured and erosion resistance was determined by dry sand blasting. The mechanical properties of WC-CoCr coatings deposited using kerosene are shown to be superior to those sprayed with propane. Multimodal WC-CoCr coatings deposited using kerosene had the highest microhardness and fracture toughness, the lowest porosity, and the greatest resistance to solid particle erosion wear.
From Nano-Particles to Nano-Structured Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Wang Y. , Liu Y. , Liu S. Y. , Wang L. , Tian W. , Pan Z. Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of a decade-long study on nanoparticle reconstitution and its role in thermal spraying. The effect of the reconstitution process on coating nanostructure was investigated for different materials and applications, a number of which are covered in this report, including Al2O3-TiO2, SiC-Al2O3-ZrO2, and zirconia-based TBCs.
Structural and Phase State of the Material between the Ceramic Layer and the Metallic Substrate Formed by High-Speed Jet of Powder
Authors: Prozorova M. , Kovaleva M. , Arseenko M. , Sirota V. , Tyurin Y. , Kolisnichenko O. , Jia J. , Vasilik N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the present study, a new multi-chamber detonation sprayer (MCDS) was used to deposit Al2O3 coatings on titanium and carbo steel substrates. SEM, TEM, and XRD analysis of the layer between the coating and substrate revealed the presence of an intermetallic compound that improves coating properties and is conducive to the relaxation of stresses generated during spraying.
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Plasma Sprayed Cerium Oxide Coatings
Authors: Li K. , Xie Y. , You M. , Huang L. , Zheng X. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work investigates the effects of cerium oxide (CeO2) coatings on the response of osteoblasts to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results show that the coatings have a protective effect, promoting both osteoblast growth and differentiation. This indicates that the CeO2 coating reduces the production of reactive oxygen species in H2O2-treated osteoblasts. These coatings, with their antioxidant properties, appear quite promising for bone regeneration.
Corrosion Behaviors of Amorphous Coating Under Simulated Deep Sea Environment
Authors: Zhang C. , Zhang Z. W. , Liu L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, the in-situ corrosion behavior of an Fe-based amorphous coating is investigated in a simulated deep sea environment (80 atm). FeMoCrYCB powder produced by gas atomization was deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates by HVOF spraying. The amorphous iron coatings exhibited greater pitting resistance than stainless steel under high hydrostatic pressures, evidenced by higher pitting potential, longer pitting incubation time, and reduced pitting growth. Passive films that formed on the amorphous coatings were also analyzed and found to be thicker, more uniform, and harder than those that developed on 316L stainless steel, indicating that the former are more difficult to break down and more resistant to Cl- ion penetration.
Influence of Multiple Guide Vane Geometry on Characteristics of TBCs Deposited by PS-PVD Method
Authors: Mao J. , Liu M. , Deng C. G. , Deng C. M. , Zhou K. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, dense multicomponent NiCoCrAlTaY bond coats and feather-structured YSZ topcoats are deposited on DZ40M alloy vane surfaces by the PS-PVD method. Based on thickness measurements and microstructure examination, it is shown that the double vane surface was completely covered by both layers. The thickest portion of the coating was found close to the leading and trailing edges of the vane. The results show that it is possible to manufacture TBCs, including the bond coat and topcoat, on first-stage turbine blades by a single PS-PVD process.
Corrosion Testing of Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Silicon Oxide Coated Titanium
Authors: Singh G. , Singh H. , Singh Sidhu B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-SiO2 coatings are applied to unalloyed Ti by atmospheric plasma spraying and corrosion resistance is assessed by immersion in Ringer’s solution for 24 h. The results show that the HA coating improves corrosion resistance, which is further improved with the addition of SiO2. An analysis based on Scherrer’s equation confirms an observed increase in crystallite size in the coated samples.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Oxide-Fluorohydroxyapatite Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bai Y. , Gao J. , Ma W. , Bai Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work demonstrates the fabrication of a hydroxyapatite (HA) composite material for potential use in biomedical implant applications. A composite powder is prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO) and F- ions, which are incorporated in the HA crystal structure via in-situ chemical synthesis. The powder is consolidated through spark plasma sintering, resulting in a biocomposite (GO-FHA) material that is mechanically stronger and more chemically stable after implantation than HA. The addition of GO and partial substitution of F- also promote osteoblast proliferation as in-vitro bioactivity tests show.
Corrosion Resistance and Apatite Forming Ability of Plasma Sprayed CP-Ti/Bioglass Composite Coating
Authors: Bsat S. , De Snoo B. , Huang X. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work investigates the biofunctionality and corrosion resistance of titanium (Ti) and Ti/bioglass composite coatings. Commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) and 45S5 bioglass powders were deposited on CP-Ti plates by air plasma spraying and the coating samples were placed in Hanks’ balanced salt solution for simulated body fluid (SBF) testing. After four weeks of immersion, the coatings were examined by SEM imaging and EDS and XRD analysis. EDS analysis showed that the Ca content on the Ti/bioglass coatings increased from 4 to 16 wt%, while no increase in Ca was observed on the Ti coatings. Hydroxyapatite formation was found on both coatings, although the relative intensity of HA on the XRD spectrum was higher for the Ti/bioglass composite layers. Weight measurements before and after immersion showed that the CP-Ti samples experienced a mass gain and that the Ti/bioglass samples underwent a mass loss likely due to the dissolution of calcium and phosphate.
Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings on 3D Printed Polymer Substrates for Orthopedic Applications: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Barillas L. , Cubero-Sesin J. M. , Guillén-Girón T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work serves as a proof-of-concept for the application of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on biopolymer implants. In the absence of a conventional plasma sprayer, coating samples were produced by manually injecting HA powder into a plasma cutting torch fitted with a custom made nozzle. Using the improvised setup, hydroxyapatite was successfully deposited on PLA, PEEK, and PVA discs as well as Al and Ti substrates. The coatings were characterized by thermal imaging and scanning electron microscopy, and the results are presented and discussed.
Sintering and Phase Transformation Behavior of High-Purity Nanocrystallized Thermal Barrier Coatings at Very High Temperatures
Authors: Yuan K. , Yu Y. , Ji X. , Shen J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High-purity nanocrystallized YSZ powders were used to manufacture thermal barrier coatings by air plasma spraying. After spraying, the coating samples were aged at temperatures of 1200, 1300, and 1400 °C. Coating samples made from ordinary YSZ powders were aged at the same temperatures. XRD analysis shows significant tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in the reference coatings after 100 h at 1400 °C in contrast to the phase stability exhibited by high-purity YSZ. The sintering behavior of the YSZ coatings was also examined along with the influence of MCrAlY oxidation.