bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Report Serbian
Authors: Krstev Cvetana , Stanković Ranka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStandard Serbian is the national language of Serbs and the official language in the Republic of Serbia. Although statistics show that the population of Serbia is well equipped to use IT, and although some important language resources and tools have been developed for Serbian, the language still lags significantly behind most European languages in terms of Language Technology (LT). This shows that a stable, dedicated and long-term investment in the development of LT for Serbian through national and international scientific and development projects is needed.
Language Report Spanish
Authors: Melero Maite , Peñarrubia Pablo , Cabestany David , Calvo Blanca , Rodríguez, Mar , Villegas Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpanish, one of the most spoken languages in the world, is not threatened by globalisation in the way other languages are and is well-supported by big technological companies, albeit still a long way from English. The number of available language resources (text, and to a lesser extent speech) in Spanish is quite large, but there is still a lack of high-quality, well-curated, annotated resources, available under open-access conditions. Initiatives at the national level, such as the Plan de Impulso de las Tecnologías del Lenguaje, have already started to address this gap.
Deep Dive Text Analytics and Natural Language Understanding
Authors: Gómez-Pérez Jose Manuel , García-Silva Andrés , Berrio Cristian , Rigau German , Soroa Aitor , Lieske Christian , Hoffart Johannes , Sasaki Felix , Dahlmeier Daniel , Skadiņa Inguna , Bērziņš Aivars , Vasiḷjevs Andrejs , Lynn Teresa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of text analytics and Natural Language Understanding (NLU) from the perspective of digital language equality (DLE) in Europe. We focus on the research that is currently being undertaken in foundational methods and techniques related to these technologies as well as on the gaps that need to be addressed in order to offer improved text analytics and NLU support across languages. Our analysis includes eight recommendations that address central topics for text analytics and NLU, e. g., the role of language equality for social good, the balance between commercial interests and equal opportunities for society, and incentives to language equality, as well as key technologies like language models and the availability of cross-lingual, cross-modal, and cross-sector datasets and benchmarks.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie – Wie hat sie die Kinderpsyche beeinflusst?
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Kaman Anne , Devine Janine , Reiß Franziska 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Lockdowns, Kontaktbeschränkungen, Schließung von Kinderbetreuungs‑, Schul- und Freizeiteinrichtungen während der COVID-19-Pandemie haben den Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen deutlich beeinträchtigt.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Der Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Die bevölkerungsbezogene COPSY-Längsschnittstudie (Corona und Psyche) umfasst bisher 5 Befragungszeitpunkte (t1: Mai bis Juni 2020 bis t5: Sept. bis Okt. 2022). Es wurden etwa 1600 Eltern von 7‑ bis 17-Jährigen sowie 1000 Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 11 und 17 Jahren mithilfe etablierter Instrumente zur psychischen Gesundheit befragt. Präpandemische Vergleichsdaten lieferte die repräsentative BELLA-Studie (Befragung zum seelischen Wohlbefinden und Verhalten).

Ergebnisse
Während der Pandemie stieg der Anteil von Kindern und Jugendlichen, die über eine geminderte gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität berichteten, von 15 % (präpandemisch) auf 48 % im ersten Jahr an und reduzierte sich 2022 auf 27 %. Damit war der Wert noch deutlich über dem vor Beginn der Pandemie. Ein ähnlicher Verlauf zeigte sich für psychische Auffälligkeiten: Deren Prävalenz stieg von 18 % (präpandemisch) auf 31 % an und reduzierte sich 2022 auf 23 %. Symptome für Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität folgten dem Trend. Lediglich Symptome der Depressivität sanken auf das präpandemische Niveau zurück. Hinsichtlich ihres Gesundheitsverhaltens bewegt sich ein Drittel der Kinder und Jugendlichen noch immer zu wenig.

Diskussion
Die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde während der Pandemie lange ignoriert. Dringend müssen Unterstützung und finanzielle Mittel gewährt werden, um negative psychische Gesundheitseffekte zu reduzieren und Beeinträchtigungen durch erneute Krisen vorzubeugen.
Health and aging before and after retirement
Authors: Abeliansky Ana Lucia , Strulik Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe investigate occupation-specific aging patterns before and after retirement and test the level and rate effects of occupation predicted by the health capital model and the health deficit model. We use five waves of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and construct a frailty index for elderly men and women from 10 European countries. Occupational groups are classified according to low vs. high education, blue vs. white collar, and high vs. low physical or psychosocial job burden. Controlling for individual fixed effects, we find that, regardless of the classification used, workers from the first (low-status) group display more health deficits at any age and accumulate health deficits faster than workers from the second (high-status) group. We instrument retirement by statutory retirement ages (“normal” and “early”) and find that the health of workers in low-status occupations benefits greatly from retirement, whereas retirement effects for workers in high-status occupations are small and frequently insignificant. In support of the health deficit model, we find that the health status of individuals from low- and high-status groups diverges before and after retirement.
A clinical pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study between dextromethorphan and emvododstat, a potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor
Authors: Morton Terri L. , Laskin Oscar L. , Kaushik Diksha , Lee Lucy , Ma Jiyuan , Bar Cristian M. , Kristensen Allan , O’Keefe Kylie , Golden Lee , Klein Matthew , Kong Ronald 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
A therapeutic agent that targets both viral replication and the hyper-reactive immune response would offer a highly desirable treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) management. Emvododstat (PTC299; 4-chlorophenyl 6-chloro-1-[4-methoxyphenyl]-1,3, 4,9-tetrahydro-2H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2-carboxylate) was found to be a potent inhibitor of immunomodulatory and inflammation-related processes by inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase to reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections This drug interaction study was performed to determine if emvododstat was an inhibitor of CYP2D6.

Methods
Potential drug-drug interactions between emvododstat and a CYP2D6 probe substrate (dextromethorphan) were investigated by measuring plasma dextromethorphan and metabolite (dextrorphan) concentrations before and after emvododstat administration. On day 1, 18 healthy subjects received an oral dose of 30 mg dextromethorphan followed by a 4-day washout period. On day 5, subjects received an oral dose of 250 mg emvododstat with food. Two hours later, 30 mg dextromethorphan was administered.

Results
When given with emvododstat, plasma dextromethorphan concentrations increased substantially, while metabolite levels (dextrorphan) remained essentially the same. Maximum plasma dextromethorphan concentration (Cmax) increased from 2006 to 5847 pg/mL. Dextromethorphan exposure (AUC) increased from 18,829 to 157,400 h·pg/mL for AUC0-last and from 21,585 to 362,107 h·pg/mL for AUC0-inf following administration of emvododstat. When dextromethorphan parameters were compared before and after emvododstat, least squares mean ratios (90% confidence interval) were found to be 2.9 (2.2, 3.8), 8.4 (6.1, 11.5), and 14.9 (10.0, 22.1) for Cmax, AUC0-last, and AUC0-inf, respectively.

Conclusion
Emvododstat appears to be a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor. No drug-related treatment emergent adverse effects (TEAEs) were considered to be severe or serious.

Trial registration
EudraCT 2021-004626-29, 11 May 2021.
Injective Split Systems
Authors: Hellmuth M. , Huber K. T. , Moulton V. , Scholz G. E. , Stadler P. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA split system$$\mathcal S$$Son a finite setX,$$|X|\ge 3$$|X|≥3, is a set of bipartitions or splits ofXwhich contains all splits of the form$$\{x,X-\{x\}\}$${x,X-{x}},$$x \in X$$x∈X. To any such split system$$\mathcal S$$Swe can associate the Buneman graph$$\mathcal B(\mathcal S)$$B(S)which is essentially a median graph with leaf-setXthat displays the splits in$$\mathcal S$$S. In this paper, we consider properties of injective split systems, that is, split systems$$\mathcal S$$Swith the property that$${{\,\textrm{med}\,}}_{\mathcal B(\mathcal S)}(Y) \ne {{\,\textrm{med}\,}}_{\mathcal B(\mathcal S)}(Y')$$medB(S)(Y)≠medB(S)(Y′)for any 3-subsets$$Y,Y'$$Y,Y′inX, where$${{\,\textrm{med}\,}}_{\mathcal B(\mathcal S)}(Y)$$medB(S)(Y)denotes the median in$$\mathcal B(\mathcal S)$$B(S)of the three elements inYconsidered as leaves in$$\mathcal B(\mathcal S)$$B(S). In particular, we show that for any setXthere always exists an injective split system onX, and we also give a characterization for when a split system is injective. We also consider how complex the Buneman graph$$\mathcal B(\mathcal S)$$B(S)needs to become in order for a split system$$\mathcal S$$SonXto be injective. We do this by introducing a quantity for |X| which we call the injective dimension for |X|, as well as two related quantities, called the injective 2-split and the rooted-injective dimension. We derive some upper and lower bounds for all three of these dimensions and also prove that some of these bounds are tight. An underlying motivation for studying injective split systems is that they can be used to obtain a natural generalization of symbolic tree maps. An important consequence of our results is that any three-way symbolic map onXcan be represented using Buneman graphs.
Mit RheMIT können Rheumazentren an der bundesweiten Kerndokumentation teilnehmen – Erweiterung der rheumatologischen Langzeitdokumentation
Authors: Callhoff Johanna , Feuchtenberger Martin , Karberg Kirsten , Kiltz Uta , Aringer Martin , Baraliakos Xenofon , Muth Theresia , Regierer Anne C. , Richter Jutta G. , Thiele Katja , Zinke Silke , Albrecht Katinka 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Kerndokumentation der Regionalen kooperativen Rheumazentren wurde im vergangenen Jahr auf die Dokumentationssoftware RheMIT umgestellt. Damit können Einrichtungen, die RheMIT bereits für Versorgungsverträge oder andere Forschungsvorhaben nutzen, zukünftig auch an der Kerndokumentation teilnehmen. Erfahrungsberichte aus einer Klinik, einem Medizinischen Versorgungszentrum und einer Schwerpunktpraxis zeigen, wie die Umstellung auf RheMIT von einem bestehenden Dokumentationssystem bzw. eine neue Teilnahme an der Kerndokumentation mit RheMIT umsetzbar ist. Das Team Kerndokumentation am Deutschen Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ) heißt neue teilnehmende rheumatologische Einrichtungen herzlich willkommen.
Morphological and molecular comparison of HIV-associated and sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Vogt Sinja , Kleefeld Felix , Preusse Corinna , Arendt Gabriele , Bieneck Stefan , Brunn Anna , Deckert Martina , Englert Benjamin , Goebel Hans-Hilmar , Masuhr Anja , Neuen-Jacob Eva , Kornblum Cornelia , Reimann Jens , Montagnese Federica , Schoser Benedikt , Stenzel Werner , Hahn Katrin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe molecular characteristics of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) have been intensively studied, and specific patterns on the cellular, protein and RNA level have emerged. However, these characteristics have not been studied in the context of HIV-associated IBM (HIV-IBM). In this study, we compared clinical, histopathological, and transcriptomic patterns of sIBM and HIV-IBM.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we compared patients with HIV-IBM and sIBM based on clinical and morphological features as well as gene expression levels of specific T-cell markers in skeletal muscle biopsy samples. Non-disease individuals served as controls (NDC). Cell counts for immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiles for quantitative PCR were used as primary outcomes.Results14 muscle biopsy samples (7 HIV-IBM, 7 sIBM) of patients and 6 biopsy samples from NDC were included. Clinically, HIV-IBM patients showed a significantly lower age of onset and a shorter period between symptom onset and muscle biopsy. Histomorphologically, HIV-IBM patients showed no KLRG1+or CD57+cells, while the number of PD1+cells did not differ significantly between the two groups. All markers were shown to be significantly upregulated at gene expression level with no significant difference between the IBM subgroups.ConclusionDespite HIV-IBM and sIBM sharing important clinical, histopathological, and transcriptomic signatures, the presence of KLRG1+cells discriminated sIBM from HIV-IBM. This may be explained by longer disease duration and subsequent T-cell stimulation in sIBM. Thus, the presence of TEMRA cells is characteristic for sIBM, but not a prerequisite for the development of IBM in HIV+patients.
Picking up speed: cell cycle regulation during effector CD8+ T cell differentiation
Authors: Kretschmer Lorenz , Fuchs Noémie , Busch Dirk H. , Buchholz Veit R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClonal expansion and development of immunological memory are two hallmarks of adaptive immune responses. Resolving the intricate pathways that regulate cell cycle activity and lead to the generation of diverse effector and memory T cell subsets is essential for improving our understanding of protective T cell immunity. A deeper knowledge of cell cycle regulation in T cells also has translational implications for adoptive cell therapies and vaccinations against infectious diseases. Here, we summarize recent evidence for an early diversification of effector and memory CD8+ T cell fates and discuss how this process is coupled to discrete changes in division speed. We further review technical advances in lineage tracing and cell cycle analysis and outline how these techniques have shed new light on the population dynamics of CD8+ T cell responses, thereby refining our current understanding of the developmental organization of the memory T cell pool.
Visual Image Annotation for Bowel Obstruction: Repeatability and Agreement with Manual Annotation and Neural Networks
Authors: Murphy Paul M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBowel obstruction is a common cause of acute abdominal pain. The development of algorithms for automated detection and characterization of bowel obstruction on CT has been limited by the effort required for manual annotation. Visual image annotation with an eye tracking device may mitigate that limitation. The purpose of this study is to assess the agreement between visual and manual annotations for bowel segmentation and diameter measurement, and to assess agreement with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained using that data. Sixty CT scans of 50 patients with bowel obstruction from March to June 2022 were retrospectively included and partitioned into training and test data sets. An eye tracking device was used to record 3-dimensional coordinates within the scans, while a radiologist cast their gaze at the centerline of the bowel, and adjusted the size of a superimposed ROI to approximate the diameter of the bowel. For each scan, 59.4 ± 15.1 segments, 847.9 ± 228.1 gaze locations, and 5.8 ± 1.2 m of bowel were recorded. 2d and 3d CNNs were trained using this data to predict bowel segmentation and diameter maps from the CT scans. For comparisons between two repetitions of visual annotation, CNN predictions, and manual annotations, Dice scores for bowel segmentation ranged from 0.69 ± 0.17 to 0.81 ± 0.04 and intraclass correlations [95% CI] for diameter measurement ranged from 0.672 [0.490–0.782] to 0.940 [0.933–0.947]. Thus, visual image annotation is a promising technique for training CNNs to perform bowel segmentation and diameter measurement in CT scans of patients with bowel obstruction.
The effect of defatted black soldier fly meal (Hermetia illucens) inclusion in the formulated diet on the growth, gene expression, and histopathology of juvenile lobster (Panulirus ornatus Fabricius, 1798)
Authors: Saputra Ishaaq , Fotedar Ravi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated the potential use of defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal as a protein source in the formulated feed for juvenile lobsters, Panulirus ornatus. A total of 160 heads of juvenile lobsters with initial weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g and initial length of 21.77 ± 0.32 mm were distributed evenly into 16 rectangular fiberglass aquaria and kept individually for 8 weeks of the feeding experiment. Four formulated feeds containing defatted BSF meal as fishmeal replacements at 0%, 25%, 35%, and 50% and total dietary protein to energy ratio of ~ 26 g CP MJ−1 were prepared and assigned as BSF0, BSF25, BSF35, and BSF50, respectively. Fishmeal is technically a suitable aquafeed ingredient in terms of crude protein, moisture, and amino acid compositions. The partially substituted defatted BSF meal has higher crude lipid and ash content than fishmeal. At the end of week 8 of feeding trial, the specific growth rate, length increment, survival rate, and moulting rate of juvenile lobster were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the fishmeal replacement. The fishmeal replacement with the defatted BSF meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) alter the whole-body proximate composition of the juvenile lobster. However, it significantly (P < 0.05) affected the superoxidase dismutase of juvenile lobsters. The cytokine cell expression analysis indicated that up to 35% of fishmeal replacement increased the inflammatory cytokine cells (Interleukin 8 and 17) of juvenile lobster, while an adverse impact was observed on juvenile lobster receiving 50% of fishmeal replacement by BSF meal. Histopathological analysis showed that the hepatopancreas cells of juvenile lobsters were damaged following fishmeal replacement beyond 35%. The present study indicated that up to 35% of defatted BSF meal can be used as fishmeal replacement in the formulated feed of juvenile lobster.
Influence of analytic methods, data sources, and repeated measurements on the population attributable fraction of lifestyle risk factors
Authors: Wu You , Kim Hanseul , Wang Kai , Song Mingyang , Wang Molin , Tamimi Rulla , Eliassen Heather , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Willett Walter. C. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPopulation attributable risk (PAR%) reflects the preventable fraction of disease. However, PAR% estimates of cancer have shown large variation across populations, methods, data sources, and timing of measurements. Three statistical methods to estimate PAR% were identified from a systematic literature review: the Levin’s formula, the comparative incidence rate method, and the comparative risk assessment method. We compared the variations in PAR% of postmenopausal breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study to evaluate the influence by method choice, source of prevalence data, use of single vs repeated exposure measurements, and potential joint effects of obesity, alcohol, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake. Across models of the three methods, the estimated PAR% using repeated measurements were higher than that using baseline measurement; overall PAR% for the baseline, simple update, and cumulative average models were 13.8%, 21.1%, 18.6% by Levin’s formula; 13.7%, 28.0%, 31.2% by comparative risk assessment; and 17.4%, 25.2%, 29.3% by comparative incidence rate method. The estimated PAR% of the combination of multiple risk factors was higher than the product of the individual PAR%: 18.9% when assuming independence and 31.2% when considering the risk factors jointly. The three methods provided similar PAR% based on the same data source, timing of measurements, and target populations. However, sizable increases in the PAR% were observed for repeated measures over a single measure and for calculations based on achieving all recommendations jointly rather than individually.
Performance of Normal Strength Concrete Slab Strengthened with High-Performance Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Ghazy Mariam F. , Abd Elaty Metwally A. , Zalhaf Nagat M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete as the most important construction material suffers from long-term deterioration due to different exposure conditions. Fire attack is a critical exposure condition as it can lead to complete collapse of the structure. On the other hand, the repair and strengthening of existing structures have become necessary both technically and financially. Moreover, since high-performance concretes (HPCs) are extensively used as repairing or strengthening materials for different structures, their performance after exposure to elevated temperature needs to be investigated. Therefore, this study is directed to investigate the post-fire flexural behavior of RC slabs cast with traditional normal strength concrete (NSC) and strengthened with HPC. Twenty-one RC slabs were prepared and tested including casting the full thickness with the same mixture (single-concrete slabs) and composite slabs (cast with NSC and HPC). Different variables were considered; using high strength concrete, 30% fly ash, 30% slag, 0.5% polypropylene, 0.5% steel fibers, hybrid fibers (0.5% steel + 0.5% polypropylene), reinforcement ratio, the side exposed to elevated temperature (tension or compression), and joining the HPC layer to the NSC (shear studs or epoxy resin). The slabs were exposed to the required temperature of 600°C for 2 h. The results show that strengthening the RC slab in tension or compression by using HPC remarkably enhanced the slab’s performance after exposure to elevated temperature. Specially, composite slabs containing hybrid fibers in tension side when exposed to elevated temperature from the tension side recorded the highest cracking load, ultimate load, stiffness, toughness, and ductility index as compared to the NSC slab, with increases of 92.8%, 116%, 157%, 335%, and 86.9%, respectively.