bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Interactions in Filaments and Sheets: Insights from EAGLE Simulations
Authors: Das Apashanka , Pandey Biswajit , Sarkar Suman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the color and star formation rates of paired galaxies in filaments and sheets using the EAGLE simulations. We find that the major pairs with pair separation <50 kpc are bluer and more star-forming in filamentary environments compared to those hosted in sheet-like environments. This trend reverses beyond a pair separation of ∼50 kpc. The interacting pairs with larger separations (>50 kpc) in filaments are on average redder and low-star-forming compared to those embedded in sheets. The galaxies in filaments and sheets may have different stellar mass and cold gas mass distributions. Using a KS test, we find that for paired galaxies with pair separation <50 kpc, there are no significant differences in these properties in sheets and filaments. The filaments transport gas toward the cluster of galaxies. Some earlier studies find preferential alignment of galaxy pairs with the filament axis. Such alignment of galaxy pairs may lead to different gas accretion efficiency in galaxies residing in filaments and sheets. We propose that the enhancement of star formation rate at smaller pair separation in filaments is caused by the alignment of galaxy pairs. A recent study with SDSS data reports the same findings. The confirmation of these results by the EAGLE simulations suggests that the hydrodynamical simulations are powerful theoretical tools for studying galaxy formation and evolution in the cosmic web.
Lazio antico: from the information system for the archaeological heritage of ancient Latium to the virtual museum
Authors: Ippoliti Mattia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lazio Antico offers a complete digital mapping of archaeological heritage, sites and emergencies related to the Ancient world in a period between the middle of IX century BCE and the middle of VI century CE Lazio Antico covers, Today, all the territory of Lazio south of the Tiber and can be extended to the entire Region with a second project phase.
Food-grade polymers: A new vision in the controlled release of bioactive substances
Authors: Rizzo S. , Zingale E. , Lombardo R. , Pignatello R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Food-grade polymers are largely employed in food industry for a variety of purposes, including food preservation, texture modification and food packaging. They are considered safe for human consumption and are approved by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EFSA. One of the most common uses of food-grade polymers is in food packaging. They are used to create packaging materials that are resistant to moisture, oxygen and to prevent contamination. Food- grade polymers are also used in the formulation of dietary supplements, fortified foods, and modified-release pharmaceuticals. They help improve the stability, shelf life and bioavailability of active ingredients. For example, specific polymers can be tailored to create controlled-release formulations, in which the active ingredient is released gradually over time, resulting in a more consistent and prolonged effect. In addition, food-grade polymers can be used to improve the texture and appearance of dietary supplements and oral pharmaceutical forms, mask unpleasant tastes and odors and making them more palatable to consumers. This paper overviews the application of food-grade polymers in the preparation of modified and targeted delivery systems for drugs and nutraceutical ingredients.
Preservation and Reproduction of an Ancient Human Humerus through X-ray Microscopy and 3D Printing
Authors: Cognigni Flavio , Alemanno Valentina , Fattore Luciano , Stornelli Eleonora , Genchi Francesco , Rossi Marco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The combination of X-ray Microscopy (XRM) and three-dimensional virtual reconstruction has enabled the digitization and restoration of broken artifacts. By scanning, acquiring, and virtually stitching together the 3D reconstructions of individual broken pieces, damaged relics can be visualized as if they were intact objects. These virtually reconstructed samples can then be reproduced as physical copies through 3D printing, allowing for the sharing of rare findings in museum exhibits worldwide so that printed copies can be displayed for public exposure, while the original pieces remain preserved. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of these reconstruction principles to an artificially modified human humerus belonging to the II–I millennium BC. The humerus was bent into the shape of a serpent for ritual purposes related to the ancient “Snake Cult”, which was widespread in the Persian Gulf area during the Iron Age. Following the scanning and software elaboration processes, the pieces were printed in Polylactic Acid (PLA) as a single object and made available to the public, thus giving new life to a unique piece of history.
Double bus failure protection based on zero negative sequence power directional element discrimination
Authors: Tian Baojiang , Liu Yao , Zhang Junan , Guo Pei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
After the fault circuit breaker at the end of the long line of the large mode operation system fails, the composite voltage sensitivity of the 220 kV and above double bus connection failure protection is insufficient, and the line release complex voltage locking function needs to be switched on and off manually, which cannot be automatically adapted after the system mode changes. To solve this problem, the compound voltage locking logic is cancelled, and the zero negative sequence power direction discrimination is used to simplify the startup failure circuit, which improves the adaptability and reliability of line failure discrimination under various operating conditions.
Policy narratives in forest fire management
Authors: Tietze Nikola , Gerhold Lars , Ibisch Pierre L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As the risk of forest fires increases around the globe, the issues of how to control, suppress, and prevent them are the subjects of growing public and political attention. This study focuses on the political debate in Germany regarding forest fires and provides insights into the conceptualization of forest fires and forest fire management at the federal and state policymaking levels. By examining forest fire narratives through the policy lens, this case study takes an exemplary extreme weather event exacerbated by climate change as an opportunity to examine the policy response to this problem. In this way, we examine the role of policy narratives in civil and environmental protection and disaster management. The findings reveal that all politicians examined in this study agree that forest fire management is an urgent matter that needs to be supported. In the prevailing human-centered narrative, policymakers see active forest management and use as tools to improve forest resilience to fire and other calamities. Those who advocate a nature-based narrative assert that it is natural processes in protected forest areas that most effectively enhance resilience. The policy solutions derived from these views include financial support, recognition of the work of foresters, forest fire managers, and civil protection agencies as well as, depending on the type of narrative argument favored, either increased forest management or improved protection of forest ecologies. This suggests that narrative analysis may illuminate the rationales underlying previous policy decisions and the framework for future ones. This contribution throws light on how narratives shape policymaking and, by extension, disaster management. Future studies should therefore take into account the influence of prevailing narratives when it comes to evaluating the potential that policymaking can offer for disaster management in the future.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis, Vermicompost and Phosphate Fertilizer on Microbial Biomass Nitrogen in Soil Planted with Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Al-Shiblawi Hasan Habeeb Hussein , Al-Taweel Luma Salih Jabbar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study showed the effect of adding Bacillus subtilis, Vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer on microbial biomass nitrogen in the soil of cauliflower roots in flowering and full maturity stages. The experiment was carried out in a farm in the city of Al-Daghara sub-district, Al-Qadisiyah Governorate - Iraq, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Bacillus subtilis, code for B1, and Vermicompost were added at levels (0, 10, and 20 t. ha-1), with the symbol V0, V1, and V2, respectively, and phosphate fertilizers at levels (0, 50, and 100 kg ha-1) with the symbol P0, P1, and P2, respectively. Fertilizer additions recorded significant values of microbial biomass nitrogen during the flowering and full maturity stages, which are the lowest in the full maturity stage due to the low activity of microorganisms and roots. It was found that the addition of bacteria, vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer. They work to increase nitrogen from the microbial biomass, either directly by increasing the activity of microorganisms and root cells, or by increasing the proportions of organic nitrogen added to the soil.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Ground Nutrition with Chelated Iron and Zinc on Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Soil with Low Gypsum
Authors: Al-Douri Mohammed Jamal Rezoqi , Hamada Ayad Ahmed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at a research station of soil science Water Resources Department, College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, for the agricultural season 2022 AD, according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eighteen treatments and three replications for aim of studying effect of organic fertilizer applicatiion and ground nutrition with chelated iron and zinc on vegetative growth characteristics of potato plants in low content soil. Of gypsum, the experiment included three factors each of organic fertilizer at level of (0, 1)%, symbolized M0 and M1, respectively, and chelated iron at three levels (0,2,4) kg ha-1, symbolized F0, F1, and F2, respectively, and chelated zinc in three levels (0,1,5,3) kg ha-1, symbolized Z0, Z1, and Z2, respectively. The results showed that adding organic fertilizer, chelated iron and zinc separately led to a significant increase in the studied traits (plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of leaves per plant, and number of stems per plant). The interaction between organic fertilizer, chelated iron and zinc resulted in a significant increase, as the triple interaction treatment M1F2Z2 excelled as it gave the highest values and amounted to 106.48 cm and 7656 cm2 plant-1, 446.18 mg gm-1, 69.88 leaf plant-1 and 6.01 stem plant-1 for the above studied traits, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment M0F0Z0.
Surface Water Assessment using Water Quality Index: A case Study of the Euphrates River, Najafi, Iraq, by using the GIS Technique
Authors: Hussein Ali Kadhim , Muneam Ruaa R. , Jafer Noor Ali , Ibrahimand Afrah Abdulhussein , Abojassim Ali Abid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Water Quality Index (WQI) is a single, deferential metric for describing the state of water quality as a whole, which aids in the selection of effective remediation strategies. Fifteen surface water samples were taken from the Euphrates in the AlHaydria neighborhood of AL-Najaf (Iraq). Various physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, chloride, sulfate, and electrical conductivity (EC), were measured to evaluate the quality of the surface water. All samples have a WQI between 25.92 and 47.22. Hasan - alsab (SW 14), Ali-Hajj Hassan (SW 4, SW 8), El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 10 to SW 12), and El-Hajj Abdel-Sayed (SW 12) have all recorded exceptionally high WQI values. There was generally good to moderate water quality across the research region.
Modelling the Behaviour of Vegetation Indicators (NDVI - NDWI - IPVI) in Busaiya District Using GIS-RS
Authors: Hussein Safir Jasim , Naji Rawaa Hadi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
GIS and remote sensing techniques are widely used to detect and analyze vegetation changes because of their accuracy and effectiveness as well as their low cost. Among the various spectral indicators derived from the satellite data (Landsat data) are the vegetation indicators (NDWI - IPVI - NDVI) applied to model the variation in ecosystems and the behavior of vegetation in the study area, pretreatment and geometric corrections were performed using Arc GIS 10.2.2, The results of the (NDVI) indicator showed that the study area is characterized by the availability of vegetation cover and many types of natural plants after the precipitation season (winter), as their growth increases intensively within the category within the middle category, with an area of (5600.12) km2 and a percentage of (19.79)%, and it is concentrated In the southern and southeastern sections of Busaiya, the dense group was concentrated in the northern section, with an area of (80.72) km2 and a rate of (0.28%) which includes the areas invested in agriculture, In addition to separate areas of Badiya Busaya (Desert of Busaiya), through the (NDWI) index, it was found that the bright white area in the Northeastern part is the areas of sand dunes, which represents an area of 3726.73 km2 and a rate of 13.17%, while the dark color gradient is represented by green areas of the second category with an area of (10846.97)Km2 with a percentage of (38.34 percent) and the third with an area of (13633.89) square kilometers or 48.21 percent. The results of the (IPVI) index for the average vegetation cover category for the summer season reached (13876.79) km2 at a rate of (49.07%), while the winter season reached (5600.13) Km2 with a percentage of ( 19.79%). As for the category of dense vegetation, its area for the summer season was (4.79) km2 with a rate of (0.02)%, and its area for the winter season was (80.72) km2 at a rate of (0.29)%.
Response of Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ to Adding Copper and Foliar Spraying with Benzoic and Salicylic Acids
Authors: Youssef Maryam Nihad , Saeed Abdul Kareem A. J. Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Diyala’s Research Station for the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping in the College of Agriculture during the 2020–2021 academic year. Experiments were conducted on Catharanthus roseus cv. ‘Pacifica XP’ from November 24, 2020, to June 1, 2021, and the effects of adding copper at 0, 30, 45, and 60 mg L-1, and foliar spraying with benzoic and salicylic acids at concentrations of 20 and 40 mgL-1, along with spraying with distilled water as a control treatment, were analyzed. A factorial experiment (54) with three replications was conducted using the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results showed that all vegetative and biochemical characteristics-including leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper content, total carbohydrates, phenolic acids, vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine content-were significantly improved by the addition of copper at a concentration of 60 mg L-1. Number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of leaves, percentage of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves, copper content in the leaves, phenolic acid content in the leaves, and vinblastine content in the leaves were all found to improve after foliar spraying with benzoic acid at a concentration of 40 mg L-1. The number of leaves, percentage of potassium, content of copper in the leaves, and phenolic acid content in the leaves were all significantly affected by the interaction treatments between the concentrations of copper, benzoic, and salicylic acids, with the interaction treatment BA40Cu60 yielding the best results. The characteristics of chlorophyll content in leaves, nitrogen and phosphorous percentages, total carbohydrates percentages, and vincristine, vinblastine, vindeline, and catharanthine leaf contents all favored the SA40Cu60 interaction treatment, whereas the vincristine content favored the BA20SA40 interaction treatment.
Employment of In Vitro Technique to Propagate Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Plant
Authors: Alani Mahmood A. R. , Elkaaby Ekhlas A. J. , Alani Jenan A.Y. , Alaubaidy Ashwaq A. , Alshimmary Lameaa A. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted with aim to find an efficient simple protocol for propagation of stevia plant ( Stevia rebaudiana ) In Vitro. Shoot tips, leaves and stem nodes explants were sterilized with different concentrations of NaOCl (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6% v/v) then cultured on MS medium supplemented with 30 g.l-1 sucrose. Results revealed that, no contamination was recorded when using 4.0 % and 6.0 % of NaOCl with (100% and 8.9%) survival at 4.0% and 6.0 % respectively. Moreover, combination of plant growth regulators which were used in this study, have been successfully optimized. However, best combination for number of shoots. explant-1 was found to be (0.4 BAP + 0.2 Kin mg.l-1) for shoot tips explants with an average of 16.44 while (2.0 BAP + 0.25 GA3 mg. l-1) produced maximum average of plant height from shoot tips reached 4.85 cm. For in vitro roots induction, maximum root induction, number and length of roots. Shootlets reached (93.3 %, 9.77 and 9.0 cm) respectively when cultured shootlets on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg.l-1 of IBA.
Effect of Light Source and Adenine Sulfate on the Multiplication and Rooting of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana in Vitro
Authors: Mahdi S. A. , Kadhim Z. K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the Tissue Culture laboratory of the Horticultural Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at Karbala University to investigate the effects of a light source (Florescent, LED) and adenine sulfate (Ads) a 0, 40, 80, and 120 mg l-1 on the multiplication and rooting of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana. Results showed there are which achieved a 100% response percentage for multiplication and rooting when the addition of adenine sulfate (Ads) under LED light especially a concentration of 120 mg l-1 significantly increased the Shoot height, Shoot number, Number of leaves, Chlorophyll content and fresh, Dry weight. The results showed that they had the maximum root percentage and number of roots as well as the greatest root length in media MS with 120 mg l-1 Ads compared to the control from various concentrations of Ads.
The Effect of Gamma Irradiation, Salinity and Nano-Fertilizer on the Biological Parameters of Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Iraq
Authors: Atiyah Hadiyah A. , Mouhamad Raghad S. , Al-Khafaji Khlood A. , Al-Hussani Zainab 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Canola (Brassica napus L) is currently one of the most significant oily seeds. It has a variety of nutrients, and its oil is safe for people to ingest as well as medicinal properties that help to relieve the symptoms of a variety of disorders. Soil salinity is one of the major issues of decreasing canola crop productivity that correlated with declines in the photosynthetic potential, since salt levels that are damaging to crop growth affect large terrestrial regions around the world are seriously impaired by soil salinity this research focused on the capability of canola seeds to grow under saline environment before and after gamma irradiation. Also, the most recent study intended to employ nano-fertilizer in Iraq and characterize its influence on the chemical makeup of canola seeds. Simple technique employed as a tissue culture using ground water with different EC. Seeds treated by two gamma irradiation dose and grown over cotton irrigated with salty water. Field experiment was carried out in Al-zafraniya station in Baghdad, Iraq, to investigate the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on one rapeseed variety for increasing yield and yield components. The native local variety pactol was more reliable than olifera var at germination rate, plant high, number of leave and root. Irradiation negatively affects the biological parameter of Canola seeds with capablity to germinate and developed. Percentage of fatty acids significantly differed between fertilizer treatments. The myristic (C14:0) ranged from 0.1±0.012 to 0.14±0.011, Palmitic (16:0) from 3.6±0.024 to 3.91±0.029, 3.91±0.029 from 1.5±0.11 to 1.7±0.012, Arachidic (20:0) from 0.6±0.038 to 0.84±0.065, Behenic (22:0) range from 0.3±0.0028 to 0.41±0.032, Lignoceric (24:0) from 0.2±0.012 to 0.27±0.018, Palmitoleic (16:1) from 0.2±0.010 to 0.26±0.0021, Oleic (18:1) from 61.6±5.78 to 67.8±5.91, 67.8±5.91 from 1.4±0.13 to 1.64±0.15, Erucic (22:1) from 0.2±0.014 to 0.23±0.019, Linoleic (18:2n-6) from 21.7±3.1 to 23.4±3.7, Alpha Linolenic (18:3n3) from 9.6±0.87 to 10.1±2.8, Total Saturated from 6.3±5.4 to 6.8±4.9, Total MUFA was in the rangier from 62.4±7.1 to 64.5±7.1 and Total PUFA range from 31.3±4.1 to 37.4±5.1 for conventional canola and nano canola oils respectively.
Relationship Between the Genetic Marker BM4505 and Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Holstein Friesian Cows
Authors: Shadood Shahlaa Nassar , Hassooni Hadi Awad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The results of the study showed two genetic polymorphisms of the BM4505 marker for the studied samples: 270/260, 280/271 bp, their distribution ratio was 60.34 and 39.66 %, respectively, which showed highly significant differences (P≤0.01) among genetic polymorphisms. The study showed that there were significant (P≤0.05) differences between the 270/260,280/271 bp genetic polymorphisms by the California mastitis test, the cows carrying the genetic polymorphisms 270/260 bp, where the test value was 1.20 on the genetic polymorphisms 280/271 bp, the test value was 2.47, as for the other studied traits, the study showed that there were no significant differences between the genetic polymorphisms.
Physical and Functional Properties of some Millet Cultivars in Iraq
Authors: Al-Mhyawi Ezuldeen K. , Nasser J. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this research, the physical properties of millet grains such as length, width, thickness, the weight of a thousand grains and the size of a thousand grains were studied for six millet varieties represented by Proso millet grown in Iraq and imported varieties such as foxtail millet (Ukrainian (1) - Russian (2)), finger millet and small millet in addition to sorghum. In this study, small millet was superior in grain length and foxtail millet (Ukrainian 1) in the character of width, while the thickness, finger millet was the highest value. Before soaking for the millet cultivars under study, the bulk density of one thousand grains was (0.66, 0.66, 0.75, 0.74, 0.63, and 0.74) g/ml, respectively. The highest value was for foxtail millet (Russian2), followed by finger millet, and the lowest was for the small millet class within the grain category small. The water absorption capacity was highest in proso millet flour (165.43%) and lowest in foxtail millet flour (Ukrainian1) (118.64%), while the oil absorption capacity was highest in small millet flour (132.66%) and lowest in foxtail millet flour (Russian2) (104.33%). The physical and functional properties are essential to engineers, designers, scientists, processors, and in the design of millet grain handling equipment. The results are also helpful in assessing the quality of the grains used during flour preparation.