bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Game-based inoculation versus graphic-based inoculation to combat misinformation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hu Bo , Ju Xing-Da , Liu Huan-Huan , Wu Han-Qian , Bi Chao , Lu Chang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMisinformation affects various aspects of people’s lives, such as politics, entertainment, and social interactions. However, effective intervention measures to combat misinformation are lacking. The inoculation theory has become a prevalent measure of misinformation. This study employed inoculation theory and developed an interactive game to help the public counter misinformation. In this game, players take on the role of the misinformation spreader, intending to add more followers to their virtual accounts using different strategies. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly assigned to game-based inoculation, graphic-based inoculation, and control groups. The results indicated that both types of inoculation interventions significantly decreased the perceived credibility and sharing intention of misinformation. Game-based inoculation was more effective than graphic-based inoculation in terms of misinformation perceived credibility, and the intervention effects were stable after 2 weeks. The graphic-based inoculation contained the sleeper effect, which interventions required a period of time to take effect. Neither inoculation produced countereffects on perceived credibility and nor sharing intention of accurate information.
Acceptability of the routine use and collection of a generic patient reported outcome measure from the perspective of healthcare staff: a qualitative study
Authors: Snowdon David A , Srikanth Velandai , Beare Richard , Noeske Kate E , Le Elizabeth , O’Bree Bridget , Andrew Nadine E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide a measure of self-perceived health status or health-related quality of life. They have been used to support provider-patient decisions, healthcare delivery, and value-based healthcare models. A barrier to routine collection of PROMs is the perception that PROMs lack clinical utility. As such, it is important to establish clinicians’ acceptability of the PROM prior to large-scale implementation. This study explored the acceptability of the routine use and collection of a generic PROM in healthcare services from the perspective of healthcare staff.

Methods
Individual semi-structured interviews were completed from September 2020 to March 2021 with 26 staff from two multi-disciplinary community healthcare services in Melbourne, Australia. Interviews explored their experiences of using the EQ-5D-5L in their routine care. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed according to a framework approach, using inductive and deductive techniques.

Results
Participants discussed the acceptability of the EQ-5D-5L with reference to four themes: practicalities of use; holistic nature; influence on client care; and influence on health service. Participants found the EQ-5D-5L quick and easy to administer, and appreciated that it measured multiple domains of health that were relevant to their clients’ care. They believed the EQ-5D-5L helped to identify client problems, and inform service delivery. They also reported features that were less acceptable, including a lack of item specificity to some healthcare disciplines. Participants reported the challenge of managing conflict between their assessment of the client’s health and the client’s perspective of their own health, leading some to question whether the client could provide an accurate reflection of their own health.

Conclusions
The EQ-5D-5L has several features that healthcare staff viewed as acceptable for routine collection and use in healthcare. Training on the validity of the patient reported perspective and broadening the scope of PROMs collection beyond the EQ-5D-5L should be considered to facilitate large-scale implementation.
Metal artifact reduction on musculoskeletal CT: a phantom and clinical study
Authors: Midthun Petter , Kirkhus Eva , Østerås Bjørn Helge , Høiness Per Reidar , England Andrew , Johansen Safora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Artifacts caused by metal implants are challenging when undertaking computed tomography (CT). Dedicated algorithms have shown promising results although with limitations. Tin filtration (Sn) in combination with high tube voltage also shows promise but with limitations. There is a need to examine these limitations in more detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different metal artefact reduction (MAR) algorithms, tin filtration, and ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scanning, alone or in different combinations in both phantom and clinical settings.

Methods
An ethically approved clinical and phantom study was conducted. A modified Catphan® phantom with titanium and stainless-steel inserts was scanned with six different MAR protocols with tube voltage ranging from 80 to 150 kVp. Other scan parameters were kept identical. The differences (∆) in mean HU and standard deviation (SD) in images, with and without metal, were measured and compared. In the clinical study, three independent readers performed visual image quality assessments on eight different protocols using retrospectively acquired images.

Results
Iterative MAR had the lowest ∆HU and ∆SD in the phantom study. For images of the forearm, the soft tissue noise for Sn-based 150-kVp UHR protocol with was significantly higher (p = 0.037) than for single-energy MAR protocols. All Sn-based 150-kVp protocols were rated significantly higher (p < 0.046 than the single-energy MAR protocols in the visual assessment.

Conclusions
All Sn-based 150-kVp UHR protocols showed similar objective MAR in the phantom study, and higher objective MAR and significantly improved visual image quality than single-energy MAR.

Relevance statement
Images with less metal artifacts and higher visual image quality may be more clinically optimal in CT examination of musculoskeletal patients with metal implants.

Key points
• Metal artifact reduction algorithms and Sn filter combined with high kVp reduce artifacts.
• Metal artifact reduction algorithms introduce new artifacts in certain metals.
• Sn-based protocols alone may be considered as low metal artifact protocols.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of the role of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for postoperative pain relief in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Tara Siddharth , Sharma Shruti , Chandra Alka , Ram Dharamveer 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy still remains a fairly common challenge for the anesthesiologist. Commonly used drugs such as NSAIDs and opioids have their own side effects requiring a need to substantially evaluate the use of non-pharmacological methods like TENS as adjuvants to conventional methods of pain control. We studied the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary objective was to compare postoperative analgesia between TENS and placebo groups using visual analog scale (VAS). The secondary objectives were to compare the requirement and dosage of rescue analgesia, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), and incidence of nausea and emesis between placebo and TENS groups. A total of 64 patients of age group 18 years to 60 years of either gender posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into two groups using a computer-generated sequence of random numbers: Group P (n= 32): placebo TENS and Group A (n= 32): active TENS. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). Unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The two groups were statistically similar in terms of age, gender, and weight. The VAS scores were significantly lower in patients in the active TENS group for up to 2 h after surgery, and the total weighted dose of diclofenac consumed over 8 h in the active TENS group was significantly lower as compared to the placebo TENS group. Patients who received TENS showed significantly less rise in blood pressure and heart rate and remained hemodynamically stable. Total episodes of nausea and emesis though less in the active TENS group were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
We conclude that TENS is an effective adjuvant non-pharmacologic modality for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
A case series measuring campus and clinic level factors during implementation of a sexual violence prevention intervention in campus health and counseling centers: does environment matter?
Authors: Anderson Jocelyn C. , Peruggia Gabrielle , Miller-Walfish Summer , Talis Janine , Burrell Carmen , Hayes Micaela , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study examined campus and clinic factors that may influence likelihood of implementing sexual violence (SV) prevention for college students seeking care in campus health and counseling centers.

Methods
Campus-, clinic-, and student-level data were collected from both intervention and control campuses as part of a 28-campus cluster randomized controlled trial. A case series exploratory data analysis assessed differences in the implementation of an SV prevention intervention by campus characteristics.

Results
All large schools were in the top quartile for reporting positive prevention policies regarding SV. At the clinic level, the presence of SV protocols and procedures varied widely with no clear correlation with school size. Students at intervention schools where providers received instruction and tools to facilitate these discussions reported more discussions with providers about SV. Only school size appeared to be associated with positive SV policies on campus and student-reported receipt of SV prevention intervention. Large schools performed well on campus-level policies, yet students reported some of the lowest levels of intervention receipt in the clinics at these larger schools.

Implications
Consistency between campus and clinic environments and implementation of the intervention was not observed. Our findings suggest that high performance regarding SV policy and prevention on a campus do not necessarily translate to implementation of appropriate SV prevention and care for students seeking care on campus, including assessments, resources, referrals, and services.

Trial registration
NCT registration: NCT02355470
Medicament testing on acupuncture points as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for determining the daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Djumaeva Naylya , Akhundjanova Gulnara , Djumaeva Leyla , Urunova Dilbar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Acupuncture points are known for their unique bioelectric properties. Medication testing at acupuncture points has not previously been used to determine the daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.

Results
This pilot study included 61 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Medicament testing of acupuncture points of the liver meridian (“Xing-jian”) and Voll’s circulation meridian (“Cells and lobules of the liver”) was performed to determine the daily doses of sofosbuvir. A correlation analysis was carried out between the tested doses of the drug and the viral load in the blood of patients to confirm the results of testing the daily doses of sofosbuvir. Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection showed a significant positive correlation between tested daily doses of sofosbuvir and viral load in their blood. The mean values of the tested doses of sofosbuvir did not vary at different acupuncture points and significantly differed depending on viral load.

Conclusions
This study showed that acupuncture points can serve as a diagnostic tool in the process of medicament testing and allow the determination of daily doses of sofosbuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. To further assess the clinical applications and physiological basis of medicament testing methods, additional clinical and instrumental studies are needed with a large sample of patients.
Nanovaccines to combat drug resistance: the next-generation immunisation
Authors: Manju K. , Raj S. Niranjan , Ranjini H. K. , Nayaka S. Chandra , Ashwini P. , Satish S. , Prasad M. N. Nagendra , Chouhan Raghuraj Singh , Baker Syed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The present review envisages the role of nanovaccines to combat the global challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Nanovaccines are a novel formulation comprised of nanomaterials coupled with an immunogenic component to elicit the immune response and provide protection against the desired infectious disease. The nanovaccines with unique physicochemical properties can be more efficient against targeting the desired tissues in the body, aids in prolong circulation to promote antigen-presenting cells to act upon the target antigens.

Main content
The present review envisages the development of nanovaccines against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. The use of nanovaccines can exhibit potent antigenicity with prolonged retention and controlled release to induce both cell- and antibody-mediated responses. Nanovaccines usage is still in the early stages and can be next-generation immunisation for prophylactic and therapeutic efficiency. The future development of nanovaccines against multi-drug-resistant pathogens can explore new avenues. Based on these facts, the present review is designed from the previously reported scientific studies and compiled with the fact that nanovaccines can revolutionise vaccine strategies. The articles were extracted from reputed databases like PubMed, Scopus, and ESCI. The size and conjugating chemistry of nanomaterials can be beneficial in developing novel multi-nanovaccine formulations that can target pools of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

Conclusion
Overall, the nanovaccines can form one of the best effective modes of targeting multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The nanovaccines can stimulate the innate immune response and generate effective immune-therapeutic novel formulation against infectious pathogens. Based on these facts and considerations, the present article makes an alarming call to develop nanovaccines to counter multi-drug resistance.
Paediatric gastrointestinal trichobezoar—an uncommon entity: a case series with recent literature review
Authors: Jalil Shazia , Azhar Mohammed , ElKadi Tarek Talaat Harb , AlFaifi Khalid , Hamidi Saad Al , Saiady Moath Al , Ali Abdelbasit E. , Wahid Fazal N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract bezoars are aggregates or concretions of inedible and undigested material mostly found in the stomach but can also be found elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Trichobezoar, an infrequent form of bezoar seen mostly in young females, consists of a compact mass of swallowed hair. It is primarily located in the stomach but may extend through the pylorus into the duodenum and small bowel, a condition labelled as Rapunzel syndrome.

Cases presentation
In this series, we report four consecutive cases of trichobezoars in the paediatric age group, all managed at a single institution King Saud Medical City Hospital Riyadh between 2019 and 2022. All the cases were girls between the ages of ten to fourteen with psychosocial problems. All the patients had a definite mass in the epigastrium and a history of not gaining weight. One presented with intestinal obstruction. X-ray abdomen and computed tomography (CT) scan abdomen were the imaging modalities that led to the diagnosis. All patients underwent surgery with successful removal of the trichobezoar and were referred to a psychiatrist for evaluation and treatment of a psychological disorder.

Conclusion
Trichobezoar is a rare entity that should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young female patients with vague, non-specific clinical symptoms and a palpable, upper-abdominal mass. In our experience and in line with the published literature, conventional laparotomy is still the gold standard in cases of GI trichobezoars.
Along with the removal of the trichobezoar, treatment of the existing psycho-social ailment is of utmost importance and needs long-term counselling with periodic psychological evaluation in follow-up clinics to avoid recurrence.
Improved tests of genuine entanglement for multiqudits
Authors: Zhang Xia , Jing Naihuan , Zhao Hui , Liu Ming , Ma Haitao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We give an improved criterion of genuine multipartite entanglement for an important class of multipartite quantum states using generalized Bloch representations of the density matrices. The practical criterion is designed based on the Weyl operators and can be used for detecting genuine multipartite entanglement in higher-dimensional systems. The test is shown to be significantly stronger than some of the most recent criteria.
Vaccine Nationalism: How China's State Media Misinform about Western Vaccines and Highlight the Successes of Chinese Vaccines to Different Audiences
Authors: Chester Patrick J. , Shih Victor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
What motivates state-sponsored vaccine misinformation campaigns, given clear scientific evidence of vaccines' efficacy? The authors explored this issue through the lens of state-owned presses in mainland China and in Hong Kong. They first collected an original database of media reports on both Western and Chinese vaccines from 16 Chinese-language media publications based in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. They found the quantity of coverage of Western vaccines by mainland state-owned media outlets to be much less than their coverage of Chinese vaccines, reflecting the unavailability of Western vaccines in mainland China. However, applying a dictionary-based sentiment analysis, the authors found that state-owned presses in mainland China still portrayed Western vaccines negatively. In Hong Kong, where there is direct competition between Chinese and Western vaccines, they found that state-owned presses gave high coverage of both Western and Chinese vaccines but greater negative coverage of Western vaccines. These findings are consistent with a Chinese producer–oriented “vaccine nationalism” policy designed to nurture the domestic biotechnology sector.
Emergency Regulatory Procedures, Pharmaceutical Regulatory Politics, and the Political Economy of Vaccine Regulation in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nachlis Herschel , Thomson Kyle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context: Regulatory approaches to COVID-19 vaccine authorizations varied substantially across countries. Facing a common public health threat, what accounts for regulatory variation? This study focuses on emergency pharmaceutical and vaccine regulatory procedures and whether and how regulators' emergency pharmaceutical regulatory procedures going into the pandemic shaped regulatory processes and decisions during the pandemic.
Methods: The authors conducted an analysis of seven high-impact national and international pharmaceutical regulators with case studies from Brazil, China, India, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Medicines Agency. The authors analyzed evidence from primary source executive and legislative branch regulations and statutes as well as national and international scientific and general press reporting; they also drew on the secondary analysis of scholars, practitioners, and international organizations.
Findings: Inherited emergency pharmaceutical and vaccine regulatory procedures substantially shaped COVID-19 vaccine regulation during the pandemic. Variation in the presence and content of emergency regulatory procedures affected the quality of pandemic regulatory processes, outcomes, and procedural updates and differentially empowered policy-making experts and elected politicians.
Conclusions: Emergency regulatory procedures affect key features of regulatory political economy and public health practices during crises. To improve future public health crisis responses, the authors provide policy recommendations for (1) establishing clear emergency pharmaceutical regulatory procedures, and (2) international collaboration.
A Review of Preoperative Embolization Effectiveness in Patients With Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Koester Stefan W. , Rumalla Kavelin , Rangel India C. , Stonnington Henry O. , Singh Rohin , Memon Ali , Kimata Anna R. , Winkler Ethan A. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Cole Tyler S. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Srinivasan Visish M. , Jadhav Ashutosh P. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Preoperative embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains controversial. This study sought to analyze the cost-effectiveness of preoperative embolization of AVMs.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent AVM resection at a single institute (January 1, 2015—December 31, 2020) were analyzed. Patients with preoperative embolization (embolization cohort) were compared with those without preoperative embolization (nonembolization cohort). Cost-effectiveness score (CE) was the primary outcome of interest and was determined by dividing the total 1-year cost by effectiveness, which was derived from a validated preoperative to last follow-up change in the modified Rankin Scale utility score. A lower CE signifies a more cost-effective treatment strategy.

RESULTS:
Of 188 patients, 88 (47%) underwent preoperative embolization. The mean (SD) total cost was higher in the embolization group than in the nonembolization group ($117 594 [$102 295] vs $84 348 [$82 326]; P < .001). The mean (SD) CE was higher in the embolization cohort ($336 476 [$1 303 842]) than in the nonembolization cohort ($100 237 [$246 255]; P < .001). Among patients with Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade I and II AVMs, the mean (SD) CE was higher in the embolization (n = 40) than in the nonembolization (n = 72) cohort ($164 950 [$348 286] vs $69 021 [$114 938]; P = .004). Among patients with SM grade III AVMs, the mean (SD) CE was lower in the embolization (n = 33) than in the nonembolization (n = 25) cohort ($151 577 [$219 130] vs $189 195 [$446 335]; P = .006). The mean (SD) CE was not significantly different between cohorts among patients with higher-grade AVMs (embolization cohort [n = 3] vs nonembolization cohort [n = 15]: $503 639 [$776 492] vs $2 048 419 [$4 794 758]; P = .49). The mean CE for embolized SM grade III aneurysms was nonsignificant in the ruptured group; however, for the unruptured group, CE was significantly higher in the embolization cohort (n = 26; $160 871 [$240 535]) relative to the nonembolization cohort (n = 15; $108 152 [$166 446]) (P = .006).

CONCLUSION:
Preoperative embolization was cost-effective for patients with SM grade III AVMs but not for patients with lower-grade AVMs.
Further Observations on Flagellated Organisms in the Blood of Animals
Authors: Lewis Timothy Richards 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In a memoir on “The Microscopic Organisms found in the Blood of Man and Animals,” published in the ‘Fourteenth Annual Report-of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India,’ and which was, in great part, reproduced in the first three numbers of the f Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science ‘for 1879, a chapter was devoted to a description of certain flagellated organisms which I had found in the blood of rats. This chapter will be found in the January number at p. 109, so that it will not be necessary on the present occasion to do more than very briefly recapitulate what was given therein.