bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of ionizing photons in UV-faint z ∼ 3–7 galaxies
Authors: Prieto-Lyon Gonzalo , Strait Victoria , Mason Charlotte A. , Brammer Gabriel , Caminha Gabriel B. , Mercurio Amata , Acebron Ana , Bergamini Pietro , Grillo Claudio , Rosati Piero , Vanzella Eros , Castellano Marco , Merlin Emiliano , Paris Diego , Boyett Kristan , Calabrò Antonello , Morishita Takahiro , Mascia Sara , Pentericci Laura , Roberts-Borsani Guido , Roy Namrata , Treu Tommaso , Vulcani Benedetta 
Published: February 2023

Aims. The demographics of the production and escape of ionizing photons from UV-faint early galaxies is a key unknown that has hindered attempts to discover the primary drivers of reionization. With the advent of JWST, it is finally possible to observe the rest-frame optical nebular emission from individual sub-L*z > 3 galaxies to measure the production rate of ionizing photons, ξion.
Methods. Here we study a sample of 370 z ∼ 3 − 7 galaxies spanning −23 < MUV < −15.5 (median MUV ≈ −18) with deep multiband HST and JWST/NIRCam photometry that covers the rest-UV to the optical from the GLASS and UNCOVER JWST surveys. Our sample includes 102 galaxies with Lyman-alpha emission detected in MUSE spectroscopy. We used Hα fluxes inferred from NIRCam photometry to estimate the production rate of ionizing photons that do not escape these galaxies, ξion(1 − fesc).
Results. We find median log10ξion(1 − fesc) = 25.33 ± 0.47, with a broad intrinsic scatter of 0.42 dex, which implies a broad range of galaxy properties and ages in our UV-faint sample. Galaxies detected with Lyman-alpha have ∼0.1 dex higher ξion(1 − fesc), which is explained by their higher Hα equivalent width distribution; this implies younger ages and higher specific star formation rates and, thus, more O/B stars. We find significant trends of increasing ξion(1 − fesc) with increasing Hα equivalent width, decreasing UV luminosity, and decreasing UV slope; this implies that the production of ionizing photons is enhanced in young galaxies with assumed low metallicities. We find no significant evidence for sources with very high ionizing escape fractions (fesc > 0.5) in our sample based on their photometric properties, even amongst the Lyman-alpha-selected galaxies.
Conclusions. This work demonstrates that considering the full distribution of ξion across galaxy properties is important for assessing the primary drivers of reionization.
LI-RADS Made Easy
Authors: Schima Wolfgang , Kopf Helmut , Eisenhuber Edith 
Published: February 2023

Purpose The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS v2018) standardizes the interpretation and reporting of MDCT and MRI examinations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Materials and Methods For focal liver lesions (called “observations”) it assigns categories (LR-1 to 5, LR-M, LR-TIV, LR-TR), which reflect the probability of benignity or malignancy (HCC or other non-HCC malignancies) of the respective observation. The categories assigned are based on major and ancillary image features, which have been developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), revised several times (now v2018), and validated in many studies. The value of ancillary features to modify LI-RADS categories assigned to observations based on major features is shown.
Results This review summarizes the relevant CT and MRI features and presents a step-by-step approach for readers not familiar with LI-RADS on how to use the system. Relevant imaging features and the value of different modalities (contrast-enhanced CT, MRI with extracellular gadolinium chelates or liver-specific contrast agents) is explained.
Conclusion The widespread adoption of LI-RADS for CT/MRI reporting in high-risk patients would help to reduce inter-reader variability. It could improve communication between radiologists, oncologists, hepatologists, pathologists, and liver surgeons, and lead to better patient management.
Key points:
Citation Format
Evaluation and Classification of Incidentally Detected Splenic Lesions Based on B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Post Clemens , Alhyari Amjad , Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Findeisen Hajo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate B-mode ultrasound (B-US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) patterns of focal splenic incidentalomas (FSIs), and to correlate ultrasound patterns with benignity and malignancy via histologic examination and/or the clinical course.
Materials and Methods Between 2004 and 2021, 139 consecutive patients with an FSI detected by B-US were investigated additionally with CEUS. On CEUS, the arterial enhancement (AE) of the FSI (hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and absent enhancement) was analyzed. Subsequently, the malignancy rate according to different B-US echo patterns and CEUS perfusion patterns was determined.
Results The final diagnosis of FSI was malignant in 9/139 (6.5%) and benign in 130/139 (93.5%) cases. The hypoechoic and hyperechoic lesions on B-US with arterial hyperenhancement on CEUS and the echogenic cystic or complex lesions on B-US with predominantly absent enhancement on CEUS were benign in 54/54 (100%) cases. 6/37 (16.2%) hypoechoic lesions on B-US with arterial hypo-/isoenhancement on CEUS and 3/48 (6.3%) of hyperechoic lesions on B-US with an arterial hypo-/isoenhancement on CEUS were malignant.
Conclusion Based on these results, FSIs reveal different malignancy rates depending on the B-US und CEUS patterns, and classification according to these B-US and CEUS patterns may be helpful in further evaluation of an FSI.
Predicting Running Performance and Adaptations from Intervals at
Maximal Sustainable Effort
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Matomäki Pekka , Kyröläinen Heikki , Nummela Ari 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examined the predictive quality of intervals performed at maximal
sustainable effort to predict 3-km and 10-km running times. In addition, changes
in interval performance and associated changes in running performance were
investigated. Either 6-week (10-km group, n=29) or 2-week (3-km group,
n=16) interval training periods were performed by recreational runners.
A linear model was created for both groups based on the running speed of the
first 6×3-min interval session and the test run of the preceding week
(T1). The accuracy of the model was tested with the running speed of the last
interval session and the test run after the training period (T2). Pearson
correlation was used to analyze relationships between changes in running speeds
during the tests and interval sessions. At T2, the mean absolute percentage
error of estimate for 3-km and 10-km test times were 2.3% and
3.4%, respectively. The change in running speed of intervals and test
runs from T1 to T2 correlated (r=0.75, p<0.001) in both
datasets. Thus, the maximal sustainable effort intervals were able to predict
3-km and 10-km running performance and training adaptations with good accuracy,
and current results demonstrate the potential usefulness of intervals as part of
the monitoring process.
Synthesis of Guaipyridine Alkaloids Rupestine M and L by Cycloaddition/Cycloreversion of an Intermediate 1,4-Oxazinone
Authors: Scheerer Jonathan R. , Leeth Ella B. , Sprow Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new method to prepare 1,4-oxazinone intermediates was developed based on aza-conjugate addition of β-amino alcohols to electron-deficient alkyne precursors. A tandem intramolecular cycloaddition/cycloreversion reaction sequence was evaluated, leading to the synthesis of the guaipyridine alkaloid natural products rupestine M and L. Starting from (–)-citronellal and thus a known configuration of the C5 stereocenter, a revised absolute configuration of natural rupestine L is suggested based on optical rotation.
Use of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Medial Compartment Disease of the Elbow in Dogs
Authors: Jacqmin Maxime , Livet Véronique , Sonet Juliette , Harel Mathieu , Viguier Eric , Moissonnier Pierre Henri , Cachon Thibaut 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease in unclear cases.Study Design Fifteen elbows (on thirteen dogs) for which radiography and computed tomography did not lead to a clear diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease were included. On each elbow, ultrasonography was performed with a high frequency linear transducer (12–18Hz). Then, arthroscopic examination of the joint was performed by a surgeon who was unaware of ultrasonographic findings to confirm medial coronoid process disease.Results At least one ultrasonographic lesion was detected in 13 out of 15 elbows. The main reported ultrasonographic lesions were joint effusion (10/15 elbows) and an abnormal shape of the medial coronoid process (irregular, ill-defined or fragmented) (9/15).Conclusion Ultrasonography can be a helpful additional diagnostic tool to confirm medial coronoid process disease of the elbow joint before performing arthroscopy in unclear cases. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the use of higher frequency transducers and determine if it could improve the diagnostic value of ultrasonography.
In-Situ ‘Divide’ and ‘Deliver’: A Simple Technique to Preserve Nerves in Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Flap Harvest
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Parekh Hetanshu , Mathews Saumya , Ghalme Amol 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the workhorse for reconstruction in head and neck post cancer excision. Chimeric multi-paddle flaps are useful for composite defects involving skin, mucosa, and soft tissue. The nerve to vastus lateralis (VL) runs along the pedicle, frequently interdigitating with it or the perforators. Sometimes, the nerve may be preserved during harvest but needs to be sacrificed frequently, leading to increased donor site morbidity.We recommend a simple technique to preserve the nerve, wherein the skin paddles or chimeric components are divided in-situ and manipulated around it without causing injury.This technique was used in 27 cases over 5 years. All involved nerves, perforators and pedicles were preserved.The technique can be extended to any flap harvest with multiple perforators with nerves in proximity, when multiple skin islands are desired.
Efficacy of Early Enteral Nutrition on Gastrointestinal Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Issac Alwin , Dhiraaj Sanjay , Halemani Kurvatteppa , Thimmappa Latha , Mishra Prabhakar , Kumar Basant , Mavinatop Anusha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCongenital anomalies, congenital malformations, or birth defects can be defined as any structural or functional anomalies that develop prenatally and could be identified before, at birth, or later in life. Approximately 6% of babies are born with a congenital anomaly, which results in 2.4 million newborn deaths worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis ascertained the quantitative studies published in PubMed, ClinicalKey, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and extracted the data from the primary studies that analyzed the efficacy of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the postoperative outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis adopted Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Six trials, representing 488 children, with age ranging from 10 days to 6.5 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. EEN has significantly shortened hospital stay, induced early fecal movement, and reduced postoperative wound infections in children with congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis compared with children who received late enteral nutrition. The review also found that the experimental group who received EEN had no significant impact on the anastomosis leakage, vomiting, and abdominal distension. EEN has some positive effects on postsurgery outcomes among children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis.
Diagnosing Hirschsprung Disease in Children Younger than 6 Months of Age: Insights in Incidence of Complications of Rectal Suction Biopsy and Other Final Diagnoses
Authors: Beltman Lieke , Labib Hosnieya , Masselink Marit , Backes Manouk , Benninga Marc A. , Roelofs Joris J.T.H. , van der Voorn J. Patrick , van Schuppen Joost , Oosterlaan Jaap , van Heurn L.W. Ernest , Derikx Joep P.M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background The gold standard for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease (HD) in patients younger than 6 months is pathological examination of rectal suction biopsy (RSB). The aim of this study was to gain insight into the following: (1) complications following RSB, (2) final diagnosis of patients referred for RSB, and (3) factors associated with HD.
Methods Patients suspected of HD referred for RSB at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Severity of complications of RSB was assessed using Clavien–Dindo (CD) grading. Factors associated with HD were tested using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results From 2000 to 2021, 371 patients underwent RSB because of infrequent defecation, at a median age of 44 days. Three patients developed ongoing rectal bleeding (0.8%) graded CD1. Most frequent final diagnoses were: HD (n = 151, 40.7%), functional constipation (n = 113, 31%), idiopathic meconium ileus (n = 11, 3%), and food intolerance (n = 11, 3%). Associated factors for HD were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.19; confidence interval [CI], 1.56–6.53), presence of syndrome (OR, 7.18; CI, 1.63–31.69), younger age at time of RSB (OR, 0.98; CI, 0.85–0.98), meconium passage for more than 48 hours (OR, 3.15; CI, 1.51–6.56), distended abdomen (OR, 2.09; CI, 1.07–4.07), bilious vomiting (OR, 6.39; CI, 3.28–12.47), and failure to thrive (OR, 8.46; CI, 2.11–34.02) (model R
2 = 0.566).
Conclusion RSB is a safe procedure with few and only minor complications. In the majority of patients referred for RSB under the age of 6 months, HD was found followed by a functional cause for the defecation problems. RSB should be obtained on a low threshold in all patients under the age of 6 months with the suspicion of HD.
The effect of articulation in sports posters on betting behavior
Authors: Alonso-Dos-Santos M. , Mohammadi S. , Velasco Vizcaíno F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral studies argue that sponsorship promotes and normalizes gambling behavior because commercial gambling providers (CGPs) act as sponsors for many sports entities. This study examines the effect of articulation on sports sponsorship, sincerity, and congruence as perceived by consumers and betting behavior by comparing a CGP brand with a congruent sponsor brand. Data were collected through an experiment combining the factor of the inter-subject type of sponsor (CGPs sponsor vs. congruence sponsor) and articulation (commercial articulation and no articulation) in 518 subjects from the United Kingdom. The analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis. Subjects showed a greater willingness to bet when the CGP sponsor was perceived as congruent and sincere compared with congruent sponsorship, suggesting that this type of sponsor could encourage sports betting. However, the elimination of CGPs’ sponsorship is complex because of the significant funding they provide.
Combining grating-coupled illumination and image recognition for stable and localized optical scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Traeger Georg A. , Teichmann Marlo H. , Schröder Benjamin , Wenderoth Martin 
Published: February 2023

Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and optical excitation has been a major objective in STM for the last 30 years to study light–matter interactions on the atomic scale. The combination with modern pulsed laser systems even made it possible to achieve a temporal resolution down to the femtosecond regime. A promising approach toward a truly localized optical excitation is featured by nanofocusing via an optical antenna spatially separated from the tunnel junction. Until now, these experiments have been limited by thermal instabilities introduced by the laser. This paper presents a versatile solution to this problem by actively coupling the laser and STM, bypassing the vibration-isolation without compromising it. We utilize optical image recognition to monitor the position of the tunneling junction and compensate for any movement of the microscope relative to the laser setup with up to 10 Hz by adjusting the beamline. Our setup stabilizes the focus position with high precision (&lt;1 μm) on long timescales (&gt;1 h) and allows for high resolution STM under intense optical excitation with femtosecond pulses.
Variable bandwidth, high efficiency microwave resonator for control of spin-qubits in nitrogen-vacancy centers
Authors: Savitsky Anton , Zhang Jingfu , Suter Dieter 
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are attractive tools for sensing and quantum information. Realization of this potential requires effective tools for controlling the spin degree of freedom by microwave (mw) magnetic fields. In this work, we present a planar microwave resonator optimized for microwave-optical double resonance experiments on single NV centers in diamond. It consists of a piece of wide microstrip line, which is symmetrically connected to two 50 Ω microstrip feed lines. In the center of the resonator, an Ω-shaped loop focuses the current and the mw magnetic field. It generates a relatively homogeneous magnetic field over a volume of 0.07 × 0.1 mm3. It can be operated at 2.9 GHz in both transmission and reflection modes with bandwidths of 1000 and 400 MHz, respectively. The high power-to-magnetic field conversion efficiency allows us to produce π-pulses with a duration of 50 ns with only about 200 and 50 mW microwave power in transmission and reflection, respectively. The transmission mode also offers capability for efficient radio frequency excitation. The resonance frequency can be tuned between 1.3 and 6 GHz by adjusting the length of the resonator. This will be useful for experiments on NV-centers at higher external magnetic fields and on different types of optically active spin centers.
High-dynamic-range microwave sensing using atomic Rabi resonances
Authors: Hou Dong , Li Chao , Sun Fuyu , Guo Guangkun , Liu Ke , Liu Jie , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shougang 
Published: February 2023

Detection of the microwave (MW) field with high accuracy is very important in the physical science and engineering fields. Herein, an atomic Rabi resonance-based MW magnetic field sensor with a high-dynamic-range is reported, where α and β Rabi resonances are used to measure MW fields. In MW measurement experiments, the sensor successfully measured a magnetic field of about 10 nT at 9.2 GHz using the α Rabi resonance line on the cesium clock transition and continuously detected the MW magnetic field in the X-band over a high dynamic power range of &gt;60 dB from the β Rabi resonance. Finally, the MW power frequency shift and power broadening are investigated to support more sensitive field measurements. The proposed MW detection method can be extended to cover a higher dynamic range and a wider frequency band by applying stronger excitations and exploring non-clock atomic transitions, respectively. In addition to MW magnetic field sensing, other potential application of the proposed method can be explored, including SI-traceable MW calibration and atomic communication.
Effects of interfacial molecular mobility on thermal boundary conductance at solid–liquid interface
Authors: Anandakrishnan Abhijith , Ramos-Alvarado Bladimir , Kannam Sridhar Kumar , Sathian Sarith P. 
Published: February 2023

The effects of interfacial molecular mobility on the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) across graphene–water and graphene–perfluorohexane interfaces were investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular mobility was varied by equilibrating nanoconfined water and perfluorohexane at different temperatures. The long-chain molecules of perfluorohexane exhibited a prominent layered structure, indicating a low molecular mobility, over a wide temperature range between 200 and 450 K. Alternatively, water increased its mobility at high temperatures, resulting in an enhanced molecular diffusion that significantly contributed to the interfacial thermal transport, in addition to the increasing vibrational carrier population at high temperatures. Furthermore, the TBC across the graphene–water interface exhibited a quadratic relationship with the rise in temperature, whereas for the graphene–perfluorohexane interface, a linear relationship was observed. The high rate of diffusion in interfacial water facilitated additional low-frequency modes, and a spectral decomposition of the TBC also indicated an enhancement in the same frequency range. Thus, the enhanced spectral transmission and higher molecular mobility of water with respect to perfluorohexane explained the difference in the thermal transport across the interfaces considered herein.
A wideband hybrid combiner design for ITER ion cyclotron radio frequency source
Authors: Jha Akhil , Palliwar Ajesh , Anand Rohit , Harikrishna J. V. S. , Patel Manoj , Dalicha Hrushikesh , Vasava Paresh , Soni Dipal , Verma Sriprakash , Suthar Gajendra , Mohan Kartik , Agarwal Rohit , Rajnish Kumar , Singh Raghuraj , Trivedi Rajesh. G. , Mukherjee Aparajita 
Published: February 2023

The high-power radio frequency source for ion cyclotron heating and current drive of ITER tokamak consists of two identical 1.5 MW amplifier chains. These two chains will be combined using a wideband hybrid combiner with adequate coupling flatness, phase balance, return loss, and isolation response to generate 2.5 MW radio frequency (RF) power in the frequency range of 36 to 60 MHz. As part of the in-house development program at ITER-India, a wideband hybrid combiner with coupling flatness and return loss/isolation better than 0.4 and −25 dB, respectively, has been simulated. A detailed analysis for matched load performance of the hybrid combiner for the output power level of 3 MW as well as mismatched load performance for load power of 2.5 MW with voltage standing wave ratio 2.0 and 3.0 MW with voltage standing wave ratio 1.5 has been performed. Based on the simulation, a prototype model was in-house fabricated, and the simulated results have been validated experimentally in splitter and combiner mode. To evaluate performance as a combiner, two solid-state power amplifiers were combined through the prototype combiner for input power levels up to 2.5 kW on matched and mismatched load conditions. In the power splitter experiment, the RF power level up to 1.5 MW from a single amplifier chain was split through the prototype combiner to be dumped in the high power loads in the frequency range of 36 to 60 MHz.