bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science-based communication and education needed to improve forest carbon science, policy, and management outcomes
Authors: Papa Chad C , Clay Kylie , Cooper Lauren T , Stark Scott C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing humanity and forests are increasingly seen as a key pathway to mitigating and adapting to the climate crisis. Because forests stand to play a significant role in reaching net-zero emission targets, politicians and policymakers must act decisively to engineer a rapid paradigm shift that maintains forests’ resilience and adaptive capacity. While there has been significant investment and advancement in forest carbon science to inform policy and planning, there remains a persistent science-practice gap to further integrate scientific information into forest carbon policy and management. Here, we use a survey, semi-structured interviews, and a review of relevant policy literature to assess the nature and extent of, as well as possibilities to bridge, the science-practice gap with regards to forest carbon science, management, and policy. Our results identified barriers to the science-practice gap and provide potential pathways to bridge the divide. We identified three key areas to improve forest carbon outcomes (1) improved data, tools, and models to assess trends and statuses of forests; (2) enhanced carbon science training among state forest practitioners and decision-makers; and (3) effective science-based communication for decision-makers and general audiences. Engagement with forestry stakeholders and iterative and participatory approaches, including targeted education and communication of complex scientific topics, can inform both policy and on-the-ground management. Overcoming such barriers to communication highlights important linkages between forest managers, policymakers, and scientists to address challenges of reaching a net-zero emission.
Freezing imaginarity measures with real operations
Authors: Zheng Bingke , Guo Zhihua , Zhang Chengyang , Cao Huaixin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Imaginarity plays an essential role in many quantum information processing tasks. Usually, real operations do not increase imaginarity measures. In present work, we aim to discuss freezing of imaginarity measures with real operations. It is proved that a real operation Φ freezes all imaginarity measures of a state ρ if and only if it freezes the relative entropy measure of imaginarity of the state ρ. In the qubit case, real operations that freeze imaginarity measures based on trace distance and relative entropy are characterized, respectively. Moreover, the freezing of imaginarity measure based on trace distance is not necessarily dilated into multipartite systems, while that based on the Tsallis relative entropy can be dilated into multipartite systems. Finally, we characterize real local operations that freeze the imaginarity measure based on trace distance of a special type of X-states in a multi-qubit system.
Hammerstein equations for sparse random matrices
Authors: Akara-pipattana Pawat , Evnin Oleg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Finding eigenvalue distributions for a number of sparse random matrix ensembles can be reduced to solving nonlinear integral equations of the Hammerstein type. While a systematic mathematical theory of such equations exists, it has not been previously applied to sparse matrix problems. We close this gap in the literature by showing how one can employ numerical solutions of Hammerstein equations to accurately recover the spectra of adjacency matrices and Laplacians of random graphs. While our treatment focuses on random graphs for concreteness, the methodology has broad applications to more general sparse random matrices.
Xylometazoline-induced change in aspirated nasal nitric oxide detects obstructed paranasal ostia
Authors: Tamminen Pekka , Kivekäs Ilkka , Numminen Jura , Järnstedt Jorma , Rautiainen Markus , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concentrations of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) vary in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) supposedly depending upon whether the paranasal ostia are open or obstructed. Our aim was to assess whether nNO levels and their response to topical xylometazoline (a local vasoconstrictor used to alleviate nasal congestion) in patients with CRS differ between those with open or obstructed ostia and if the results were altered by the use of nasal corticosteroids. Sixty-six patients with CRS (43% with nasal polyps) or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis and 23 healthy controls were included. Nasal NO was measured (EcoMedics CLD 88p analyser) before and after two xylometazoline sprays during three consecutive visits: with the medication they were using when they were referred, after 4 weeks of medication pause, and after 4 weeks of using intranasal fluticasone propionate. The relative difference between the nNO before and after dosing of xylometazoline was calculated, and ostial obstruction was evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography at every visit. The nNO measurements were lowest in the patients with CRS and obstructed paranasal ostia. The presence or absence of nasal polyps did not affect the results. Xylometazoline did not significantly affect nNO in the subjects with obstructed ostia, but there was a significant reduction of nNO in those with open ostia. The Xylometazoline-induced change in nNO between the groups with open or obstructed ostia was significantly different at each visit: ‘on previous medication’ 10% (−5–25) versus −14% (−19 to −9), p = 0.004, ‘after medication pause’ 6% (−5–17) versus −16% (−23 to −9), p = 0.001 and ‘after regular fluticasone spray’ 6% (−3–15) versus −9% (−16 to −3), p = 0.04. The native nNO and xylometazoline-induced change in nNO can be used to detect the status of ostial obstruction in patients with CRS irrespective of their topical corticosteroid usage.
Improvement of Distribution Substation Performance Using SVC and a Grid-tied Solar PV System
Authors: Alfalahi Saad T. Y. , Mansor Muhamad Bin , Kadhim Hasan M. , Alsammarraie Riyam M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) in the electrical distribution system poses a significant challenge to modern power networks. The fluctuating output of these systems can degrade the stability of the voltage. This article uses an ETAP environment to simulate the electrical network of an 11 kV distribution substation connected to a PV installation. The program uses an adaptive Newton-Raphson method to conduct a load flow assessment, assessing voltage level profile and other performance characteristics. Various scenarios are considered to analyze the impact of static capacitors with different ratings and PV-generating units on the distribution network’s performance. The most suitable static capacitor bank size is determined to enhance the system’s performance. Comparative findings are provided to achieve optimal enhancement in voltage level, power factor, and loadings of the main grid.
Reducing Computational Costs and Mitigating Measurement Errors in Parameters’ Estimation for the Single Diode PV Model
Authors: Ali Ahmed Abdulredha , Abdulrazzaq Ali Kareem , Al-Safi Amean , Márton Németh , Plesz Balázs 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Efficient modeling of PV systems is one of the key characteristics that enable this sector. The quality and robustness of the electrical model are strongly dependent on the accurate estimation of the physical characteristic parameters of the PV cell/module. However, considering the complexity of such a model, the computational cost is a significant concern. This paper presents effective techniques to minimize the computational cost by targeting multiple key aspects. One concept lies in the problem formulation phase, and the second one aims to optimize the number of the measured I-V points per curve, for which the physical parameters are to be extracted. The presented study has proved that using 20 I-V measured points per curve would reduce the computational cost for extracting the parameters by several folds compared to the typical situation in a measurement system that records 450 points per curve. Also, the suggested method shows its applicability in minimizing the error introduced by measurement systems.
Modeling and performance analysis of MWCNT bundle interconnect based on state space method
Authors: Zhao Songjie , Deng Fang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To efficiently analyze the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of novel interconnects, this paper focuses on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundle interconnects as the primary subject of research and proposes a state space model that is applicable to carbon nanotube interconnects, graphene nanoribbon interconnects and various improved structures. Using the state space method, the equivalent circuit model of single MWCNT bundle interconnect that primarily adopts voltage-mode signaling (VMS) and current-mode signaling (CMS) is solved, respectively. Additionally, the transient output responses and frequency responses of the interconnect at local, intermediate, and global levels for 14 nm technology node are analyzed to evaluate the delay and 3 dB bandwidth performance for different modes. And the noise peak and power dissipation are also discussed. The proposed state space method is found to be highly accurate and effective by comparing with the simulation results from the SPICE environment in ADS and ABCD parameter matrix method. Furthermore, the method presented in this paper is suitable for solving multi-line coupled interconnects and can provide some meaningful theoretical guidance for analyzing the electrical characteristics of novel interconnects.
Systematic application of saliency maps to explain the decisions of convolutional neural networks for glaucoma diagnosis based on disc and cup geometry
Authors: Fumero Francisco , Sigut Jose , Estévez José , Díaz-Alemán Tinguaro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper systematically evaluates saliency methods as explainability tools for convolutional neural networks trained to diagnose glaucoma using simplified eye fundus images that contain only disc and cup outlines. These simplified images, a methodological novelty, were used to relate features highlighted in the saliency maps to the geometrical clues that experts consider in glaucoma diagnosis. Despite their simplicity, these images retained sufficient information for accurate classification, with balanced accuracies ranging from 0.8331 to 0.8890, compared to 0.8090 to 0.9203 for networks trained on the original images. The study used a dataset of 606 images, along with RIM-ONE DL and REFUGE datasets, and explored nine saliency methods. A discretization algorithm was applied to reduce noise and compute normalized attribution values for standard eye fundus sectors. Consistent with other medical imaging studies, significant variability was found in the attribution maps, influenced by the method, model, or architecture, and often deviating from typical sectors experts examine. However, globally, the results were relatively stable, with a strong correlation of 0.9289 (p < 0.001) between relevant sectors in our dataset and RIM-ONE DL, and 0.7806 (p < 0.001) for REFUGE. The findings suggest caution when using saliency methods in critical fields like medicine. These methods may be more suitable for broad image relevance interpretation rather than assessing individual cases, where results are highly sensitive to methodological choices. Moreover, the regions identified by the networks do not consistently align with established medical criteria for disease severity.
Nyquist ghost elimination for diffusion MRI by dual-polarity readout at low b-values
Authors: Jalnefjord Oscar , Geades Nicolas , Gilbert Guillaume , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M , Ljungberg Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dual-polarity readout is a simple and robust way to mitigate Nyquist ghosting in diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging but imposes doubled scan time. We here propose how dual-polarity readout can be implemented with little or no increase in scan time by exploiting an observed b-value dependence and signal averaging. The b-value dependence was confirmed in healthy volunteers with distinct ghosting at low b-values but of negligible magnitude at b = 1000 s/mm2. The usefulness of the suggested strategy was exemplified with a scan using tensor-valued diffusion encoding for estimation of parameter maps of mean diffusivity, and anisotropic and isotropic mean kurtosis, showing that ghosting propagated into all three parameter maps unless dual-polarity readout was applied. Results thus imply that extending the use of dual-polarity readout to low non-zero b-values provides effective ghost elimination and can be used without increased scan time for any diffusion MRI scan containing signal averaging at low b-values.
Extraction of individual Pockels coefficients of thin films via interferometric reflection measurements
Authors: De Geest Kobe , Lievens Enes , Picavet Ewout , De Buysser Klaartje , Van Thourhout Dries , Beeckman Jeroen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ferroelectric thin films integrated on passive photonic platforms offer ways to achieve functionalities that are otherwise impossible or inefficient, such as electro-optic (EO) modulation, acousto-optic modulation or optical nonlinear conversion. Characterization methods of the EO properties of thin films are often only able to extract an effective EO response, while in many integrated photonic circuits it is one of the Pockels coefficients that determines the strength of the modulation. In this work, we demonstrate a new method to extract the r
33 and the r
13 coefficient independently by measuring the change in polarization and amplitude of light reflected at the sample, taking into account multiple reflections and interference effects. This method is verified for highly textured Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and BaTiO3 thin films.
Silicon/carbon composite anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: materials design and synthesis, current state, progress, and future perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Humna , Simoes dos Reis Glaydson , Molaiyan Palanivel , Lähde Anna , Lassi Ulla 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global need for high-energy-density batteries has pushed for the development of high-performance battery materials such as cathodes and anodes to meet the huge energy demands in our modern society. Graphite (Gr) is the dominant anode material for lithium-ion batteries but possesses a lower theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g−1, which hinders the fabrication of more powerful batteries. On the other hand, silicon (Si) possesses an extremely higher theoretical capacity than graphite (4200 mAh g−1 in a composite of Li4.4Si vs graphite: 372 mAh g−1). Unfortunately, Si anode has issues with high volume changes (up to 400%) during cycling. Mixing/compositing silicon with carbon (Si/C) is set to be a realistic strategy to overcome issues related to the volume changes of Si and the low capacity of graphite. Instead, coupling both elements enables the combination of the two main materials’ properties, such as the high lithiation performance of Si and outstanding mechanical stability and conductivity of the carbon, which allows the battery to reach high storage capacity under elevated stability over longer cycles. In this review, Si/C materials anode materials synthesis methods, structural and morphological characteristics, and electrochemical performances are discussed as well as major challenge to overcome pulverization of Si during the charge/discharge process, and potential challenges of designing Si/C.
Ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing: advantages, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Yi Hao , Guo Xiaoqi , Chang Fangle , Cao Huajun , An Jia , Chua Chee Kai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ink-jetting printing stands out among various conformal additive manufacturing techniques for its multi-material, digital control, and process flexibility. Ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing is renowned for its adaptability to complex topological surfaces and is emerging as a critical technology for future comprehensive conformal printing systems. This review highlights the distinctiveness of four primary ink-jetting printing techniques in conformal additive manufacturing—piezoelectric jetting, thermal bubble jetting, aerosol jetting, and electrohydrodynamic jetting—and delves into how these attributes endow ink-jetting printing with unique advantages in conformal processes. Furthermore, leveraging these advantages, the review discusses potential applications in conformal electronics, energy devices, biology, and electromagnetics to bolster the ongoing development and application. Considering the current state of this technology, the review identifies critical challenges for future advancements, such as dynamic surface printing, integrated fabrication of multifunctional conformal structures, and the balance between resolution and throughput. This review summarizes the latest research and technological advancements in ink-jetting-based conformal additive manufacturing, aiding in its innovative applications and enhanced manufacturing capabilities in the future.
Effect of nanoparticle-based lubricants on various performance characteristics of journal bearings: a review
Authors: Biswas Nabarun , Mandal Suman Kumar , Bhagwatkar Ishan , Kumar Raman , Kaur Jatinder , Bhowmik A , Choudhuri Kishan , Bhattacharjee Biplab 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nano lubricants are revolutionizing the performance of journal bearing, offering innovative solutions to tackle key issues in wear, friction, and load-carrying capacity. This review examines recent progress in nanolubricant applications, highlighting their substantial impact on bearing efficiency and durability. The addition of nanoparticles to lubricating oils enhances their viscosity, reduces friction, and improves heat conductivity, resulting in a significant increase in load-carrying ability. This paper also explores the stability issues associated with nano lubricants, underscoring the crucial role of surfactants and advanced preparation methods in preventing aggregation and ensuring long-term effectiveness. By offering a thorough review of current literature, this study serves as an invaluable resource for scientists and engineers aiming to harness nanotechnology for advanced bearing systems. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions to further enhance nanolubricant formulations and broaden their application across various industrial sectors, thus paving the way for improved mechanical efficiency and sustainability.
A comparison of the effects of beaver ponds and forest harvest on stream methylmercury in boreal watersheds
Authors: Lam W Y , Mackereth R W , Lajoie C M E , Kidd K A , Mitchell C P J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Beaver ponds and forest harvest are common disturbances in the Canadian boreal forest that result in major changes to catchment hydrology and thus also influence the mobilization and methylation of mercury (Hg). Though both beaver ponds and forest harvest frequently occur in the same watersheds, the possible interactive effects are not well understood. To evaluate the comparative effects of these two disturbances, this study examined in-stream total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) across 7 stream reaches in the central Canadian boreal forest. Results showed that downstream-to-upstream MeHg concentration ratios were more highly correlated to the presence of beaver ponds than to the presence of forest harvest. However, MeHg concentrations upstream of ponds were higher in streams within harvested watersheds; these streams demonstrated a weaker correlation between beaver pond presence and downstream-to-upstream MeHg concentration ratios. Understanding these comparative and cumulative effects of beaver ponds and forest harvest will allow forest managers to consider how harvest activity could affect downstream MeHg in areas with high beaver activity.
How Do You Criticize a Global Superstar? UNMIL in Liberia
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In Chapter 6, we examine the United Nations (UN) Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), which is considered an example of successful UN support for peace and democratization. Despite those contributions, the mission did not mitigate all foreseeable risks of authoritarianism. For example, UNMIL focused on building the capacity of the police quickly while the issues of independence and civilian oversight fell by the wayside. While UNMIL supported the organization of three rounds of national elections, no local elections were held, leaving political power centralized in the capital. Political power was also centralized in the office of the president: UNMIL did not engage extensively with the parliament because of former warlords in that institution. When the Liberian government occasionally suspended media outlets or detained journalists, UNMIL did not respond strongly and publicly. Preserving good working relations with the Liberian president in order to maintain progress on reforms was among the chief reasons for enabling.
We the Men
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In a nation whose Constitution purports to speak for “We the People,” too many of the stories that powerful Americans tell about law and society include only We the Men. A long line of judges, politicians, and other influential voices have ignored women’s struggles for equality or distorted them beyond recognition by wildly exaggerating American progress. Even as sexism continues to warp constitutional law, political decisionmaking, and everyday life, prominent Americans have spent more than a century proclaiming that the United States has already left sex discrimination behind. Jill Elaine Hasday’s We the Men is the first book to explore how forgetting women’s struggles for equality—and forgetting the work America still has to do—perpetuates injustice, promotes complacency, and denies how generations of women have had to come together to fight for reform and against regression. Hasday argues that remembering women’s stories more often and more accurately can help the nation advance toward sex equality. These stories highlight the persistence of women’s inequality and make clear that real progress has always required women to disrupt the status quo, demand change, and duel with determined opponents. America needs more conflict over women’s status rather than less. Conflict has the power to generate forward momentum. Patiently awaiting men’s spontaneous enlightenment does not. Transforming America’s dominant stories about itself can reorient our understanding of how women’s progress takes place, focus our attention on the battles that are still unwon, and fortify our determination to push for a more equal future.