bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric design studies of GATOR morphing fairings for folding wingtip joints
Authors: Mahid Nuhaadh Mohamed , Schenk Mark , Titurus Branislav , Woods Benjamin King Sutton 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents the modelling of a morphing fairing designed to cover the joint on hinged commercial airliner wingtips, such as the semi-aeroelastic Hinge concept. The fairing is made from geometrically anisotropic thermoplastic rubber morphing skin panels, which are 3D-printed multi-material thermoplastic polyurethane sandwich panels combining flexible facesheets with zero Poisson’s ratio cellular cores to provide large extension capability alongside high out-of-plane stiffness. The morphing fairing is designed to cover the gaps in the hinge with a smooth and continuous surface while minimising added torsional stiffness and distortion of the aerofoil cross-section during wingtip rotation. In order to model the mechanical response of this structure at a reasonable computational cost, a homogenisation approach is proposed, wherein the elastic properties of the panel are homogenised to an equivalent shell stiffness matrix through detailed finite element studies on unit cells. These equivalent shell properties are then applied to the three-dimensional geometry of the wing to predict the global response of the fairing during wingtip rotation. This model is then used to parametrically study the effects of varying panel and fairing design parameters on the two design objectives of minimising torsional stiffness and cross-section distortion. The study indicates that cross-section distortion is best minimised by increasing the skin panel’s core thickness, with the other panel design variables having significantly less impact. In contrast, all design variables significantly affect torsional stiffness, with decreasing facesheet thickness and increasing core chevron wall length and chevron angle being particularly effective at reducing torque. The impact of pre-straining the skin panels is also studied, as is the use of additional internal ribs within the fairing, where both approaches reduce distortion at the cost of modestly higher torque. Together, these results clearly indicate the underlying design trends, useful ranges of design variables, and the strong competition between design objectives.
Manipulation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in a van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
Authors: Yin Yanlong , Liu Minghe , Li Wei , Li Wan , Zou Mengting , Wu Si , Xia Weixing , Wang Baomin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The magnetic skyrmion in two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials offer a feasible and robust platform for future spintronic applications, thanks to their atomic-scale interface and stacking structure. Recently, a room temperature vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 (FGT) has been discovered, in which skyrmion lattice can be generated. In this work, we studied the evolution of stripe domains in FGT nanoflake at different temperatures and magnetic fields, confirming the Néel-type skyrmion through Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. We systematically explored the dependence of the size, density and stability of skyrmion on the thickness, temperature and magnetic field of the FGT nanoflake. This work provides a variety of experimental evidence to shed light on the potential application of two-dimensional vdW FGT for future spintronic devices.
Evolution dynamics of fundamental mechanisms of wave propagation in gas bubble-liquid interactions and soliton solutions
Authors: Duran Serbay , Yokus Asıf , Kaya Dogan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the dynamics of solitary wave solutions based on the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation with variable coefficients expressed to describe gas-bubble-liquid interactions. The generalised (1/G’)-expansion method, new solitary wave solutions for this equation have been successfully derived to better understand the underlying dynamics of wave phenomena, especially in gas-bubble-liquid systems. Thanks to this method, the results of the variations of physical parameters in the generated solutions are also emphasised. The physical dynamics of each dimension in the generated solutions allow both the dimensions to be compared with each other and the equation to be compared with the existing literature with a holistic understanding. With this application, we have also analyzed the direct effects of the viscosity of the fluid on the dispersion of the bubble. These solitary solutions have helped us to better explain the wave behavior in gas-bubble-liquid systems and provided a new perspective on the solution of nonlinear wave equations. The structure of the study contributes to a deeper understanding of wave phenomena by discussing the (3+1) dimensional variable coefficient nonlinear wave equation within the framework of both mathematical analysis and physical analysis.
Infrared absorption spectra analysis for optical detection of 14CO2
Authors: Zhang Jinghong , Li Lulu , Yang Hao , Xiao Anping , Chen Yue , Ling Qiang , Guan Zuguang , Chen Daru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Spectral measurements of radiocarbon dioxide (14CO2) require accurate knowledge of both the line positions and intensities. Our paper analyzes the absorption characteristic of 14CO2 for optical detection in middle infrared range theoretically. By studying the distribution and properties of 14CO2 absorption spectra under the interfering of others gas, it can be found that the isotopes of carbon dioxide (CO2, such as 13CO2, 16O13C18O, 16O13C17O) and atmospheric gases (such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3)) exhibit interference with the absorption spectra of 14CO2. They cannot be chemically removed from CO2 sample gas but can be suppressed by reducing the sample temperature. The (00011–00001) P(20) in the P-branch of the strong spectral absorption V
3 band of 14CO2, is a suitable absorption peak for spectral probing. If the sample gas is cooled to 172.5 K, the absorption interference by other isotopes such as 13C16O2 can be suppressed. At the same time, to avoid the interference of the absorption tail line from other atmospheric gases, the pressure condition of 0.01 atm is necessary. Our results provide critical insights into the optimization of spectral measurement conditions for 14CO2, which is an important reference for improving the accuracy and reliability of optical detection methods in middle infrared range.
Investigation of thermal energy storage capacities of phase change material embedded different bio-based materials converted into biochar
Authors: Coşkun Bedrettin , Temel Ümit Nazlı , Bulut Mehmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, latent heat thermal energy storage systems have emerged as a significant technique for addressing the variable nature of renewable energy sources, balancing energy demand, and enhancing energy efficiency. Additionally, phase change materials (PCMs) with high latent energy storage capabilities have become increasingly popular as the preferred materials for thermal energy storage applications. This study investigates the effects of using composite materials with phase change materials embedded in biochar pores through microencapsulation on improvements in latent energy storage capacity. To achieve this, various organic materials, including hazelnut shells, peanut shell, pine cone, and poplar sawdust, were converted into composite biochar through pyrolysis, thereby enhancing their porosity. The results obtained are given in comparison with the results of composite materials with phase change materials encapsulated in the pores of the raw material. The latent heats of the composites impregnated with phase change material (PCM) in their pores were compared to identify the most suitable composite biochar material. The best performance improvements in energy storage capacities compared to the raw material results were found to be 134.8% and 147.6% for RT-28/Peanut shell biochar and RT-28/Pine cone biochar composites, respectively. On the other hand, the highest energy storage capacity for both raw material and biochar was measured as 50.18 J g−1 and 75.1 J/g for poplar sawdust, respectively. The results indicated that poplar sawdust was the most appropriate base material.
Advances in flexible weak-light detectors based on perovskites: preparation, optimization, and application
Authors: Yang Yaqian , Li Ying , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Photodetectors with weak-light detection capabilities play an indispensable role in various crucial fields such as health monitors, imaging, optical communication, and etc. Nevertheless, the detection of weak light signals is often severely interfered by multiple factors such as background light, dark noise and circuit noise, making it difficult to accurately capture signals. While traditional technologies like silicon photomultiplier tubes excel in sensitivity, their high cost and inherent fragility restrict their widespread application. Against this background, perovskite materials have rapidly emerged as a research focus in the field of photodetection due to their simple preparation processes and exceptional optoelectronic properties. Not only are the preparation processes of perovskite materials straightforward and cost-effective, but more importantly, they can be flexibly integrated into flexible and stretchable substrates. This characteristic significantly compensates for the shortcomings of traditional rigid electronic devices in specific application scenarios, opening up entirely new possibilities for photodetection technology. Herein, recent advances in perovskite light detection technology are reviewed. Firstly, the chemical and physical properties of perovskite materials are discussed, highlighting their remarkable advantages in weak-light detection. Subsequently, the review systematically organizes various preparation techniques of perovskite materials and analyses their advantages in different application scenarios. Meanwhile, from the two core dimensions of performance improvement and light absorption enhancement, the key strategies of improving the performance of perovskite weak-light photodetectors are explored. Finally, the review concludes with a brief summary and a discussion on the potential challenges that may arise in the further development of perovskite devices.
Modeling of hydrogen isotope effect on divertor detachment in EAST
Authors: Li Qiushi , Ding Rui , Xu Guoliang , Senichenkov Ilya , Kaveeva Elizaveta , Si Hang , Rozhansky Vladimir , Chen Junling 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The two-dimensional edge plasma code SOLPS-ITER have been used to study the hydrogen isotope effect on the divertor detachment onset for hydrogen (H), deuterium (D), and tritium (T) based on EAST plasma conditions. Results prove that H with a lighter mass has a stronger ability to penetrate into the core plasma than D and T, resulting in a higher density in the core and a lower density in the SOL. If the line-averaged electron density is selected to characterize the detachment onset, the hydrogen isotope effect is strongly dependent on the measurement chord location which determines the contribution of the core electron density to the line-averaged electron density. The modeling results can explain previous hydrogen isotope experimental results in JET. The drifts effect on hydrogen isotope distributions has also been investigated. As the drifts are taken into account, the relative difference of detachment onset at the outer target becomes larger, while it becomes smaller for the inner target. The

E
×
B

drifts show a greater impact on the T ion distribution than D and H ions.
Examination of the Mechanical and Physical Characteristics of Geopolymer Composites Reinforced with Sisal Fibers
Authors: DEBENA ZERIHUN GETACHEW , Ayenew Dilinesaw Bogale , Yalew Melese , Damtew Dawit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Geopolymers, which are alkali-activated aluminosilicate materials derived from industrial byproducts like fly ash and blast furnace slag (BFS) with potential environmental risks. It can serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement-based materials, addressing the environmental concerns associated with CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing. This study focuses on the development of a sisal fiber reinforced geopolymer composite (SFRGC) using fly ash, sisal fiber, and NaOH with NaSiO4 (alkali solution). The need for innovative materials that not only reduce environmental impact but also enhance mechanical properties were identified. For each response, thirteen sample were prepared by manual mixing according to the ratio designed by RSM and allowed to cure at room temperature for 28 days. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) as a predictive tool, the effects of varying fiber volume percentages (5%, 10%, and 15%), fiber lengths (5 mm, 20 mm, and 35 mm), and alkali concentrations (8M, 12M, and 16M) on the composite’s compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal compressive strength of 21.5 MPa was achieved with a 5% fiber volume, 20 mm fiber length, and 8M alkali concentration. Additionally, the maximum splitting tensile strength of 4.6 MPa occurred with 15% fiber volume, 35 mm fiber length, and 12M alkali concentration, while the lowest water absorption recorded was 5.325% at 5% fiber volume, 20 mm length, and 8M alkali. The findings revealed that while splitting tensile strength and water absorption increased with greater fiber volume and length, compressive strength exhibited a decline.
Historical trends in snowmelt used for irrigation
Authors: Kinnebrew Eva , Sloat Lindsey L , Qin Yue , Davis Steven J , Abatzoglou John T , Siebert Stefan , Mueller Nathaniel D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many agricultural regions rely on snowmelt runoff as a source of water for irrigation, but climate change is altering runoff dynamics, making it difficult to meet increasing irrigation water demands. It remains unclear whether irrigation water shortages are systematically occurring in snow-dependent regions across the globe. Here, we study global trends in surface runoff used to meet irrigation demands by linking rainfall and snowmelt runoff data with irrigation consumption data (1985–2020). Focusing on the most snow-dependent agricultural basins, we find that surface water runoff volumes have slightly decreased and snowmelt runoff is occurring significantly earlier in time (advancing an average of 8 d). These changes, coupled with an almost universal trend of increasing irrigation water consumption, have made snowmelt runoff less able to meet irrigation needs during crop growing seasons and increased reliance on alternative water sources (interbasin transfers or reservoirs). These results highlight potential future challenges for irrigated agriculture in snow-dependent regions.
Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand meets geometric complexity theory: resolving the 2×2 permanents of a 2×𝐧 matrix
Authors: Gesmundo Fulvio , Huang Hang , Schenck Hal , Weyman Jerzy 
Published: January 2025

We describe the minimal free resolution of the ideal of

2
×
2

2 \times 2

subpermanents of a

2
×
n

2 \times n

generic matrix

M
M

. In contrast to the case of

2
×
2

2 \times 2

determinants, the

2
×
2

2 \times 2

permanents define an ideal which is neither prime nor Cohen-Macaulay. We combine work of Laubenbacher-Swanson [J. Symbolic Comput. 30 (2000), pp. 195–205] on the Gröbner basis of an ideal of

2
×
2

2 \times 2

permanents of a generic matrix with our previous work of Efremenko et al. [J. Algebra 503 (2018), pp. 8–20] connecting the initial ideal of

2
×
2

2 \times 2

permanents to a simplicial complex. The main technical tool is a spectral sequence arising from the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand correspondence.
Voice, Rhyme, and Aesthetic Injustice
Authors: Roberts Tom 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Some lines of poetry rhyme to certain readers and not to others because of how their words are pronounced in different accents. And because the accent in which a person speaks is tied in significant ways to aspects of their social identity (such as their age, race, gender, and class), some poems rhyme in the voices of the privileged and not in the voices of the disadvantaged. This paper argues that appreciators can incur aesthetic harms when they are excluded from participating in aesthetic goods that are more fully available to others, and that these harms can constitute aesthetic injustices when they are part of a wider pattern of socio-economic hardship. Poems that embody objectionable gatekeeping practices can thus perpetuate aesthetic injustice.
The legacy of Jack Musick for the development of elasmobranch research in Brazil
Authors: Rosa Ricardo S , Gadig Otto B F , Márquez Velásquez Viviana , Menezes Rafael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The late John Andrew Musick (1941–2021), widely known as Jack Musick, was a prominent marine scientist of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science who worked chiefly on sea turtles (Chelonioidea) and elasmobranchs. Here, we aim to disclose Jack’s impact on the development of elasmobranch research in Brazil by reconstructing Jack’s academic genealogy and by compiling the volume of elasmobranch scientific production in Brazil authored by Jack-linked researchers. We found 64 Jack-linked researchers in Brazil, distributed into four generations, from Jack’s academic children to great-great-grandchildren, with women predominating (~60%) from the second generation onwards. They produced 252 scientific articles on elasmobranchs in Brazil until September 2023. Potamotrygonidae was the most studied elasmobranch family (57 publications), followed by Carcharhinidae (35), while multifamily studies comprised 60 publications. Genetic-based studies prevailed in the scientific output, with a steep increase starting in 2005. Jack’s influence is revealed by not only the volume of scientific production, but also the research foci, including life history, feeding, age and growth, reproduction, genetics, fisheries, and conservation. We conclude that the contribution of Jack Musick is highly influential and pervasive in the development of elasmobranch science in Brazil, thus pivotal to convey his legacy for the future generations of scientists.
Changes in physical impairments in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome following arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Marshall Charlotte J , Ganderton Charlotte , Pranata Adrian , Tirosh Oren , Wynne Ky , O’Donnell John , Tran Phong , El-Ansary Doa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is a motion-related condition causing hip pain in young active adults. Physical impairment measures of body function include objective and reproducible measures of hip mobility, muscle power, and movement coordination. Limited data on physical impairments and the effects of arthroscopic surgery exist. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate changes in physical impairments in those with FAIS, pre- and post-arthroscopic surgery. Six databases were searched for English-language studies reporting on pre- and postoperative physical impairments using physical outcome measures. Reporting quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools and Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS); for pooled data [standardized mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CI)]. Seventeen studies were included (two randomized controlled trials; fifteen pre/postintervention studies), varying from low-critical risk of bias, low-moderate on the MINORS, and very low reporting quality using the GRADE tool. Postoperatively, participants with FAIS walked with a higher peak hip flexion moment [SMD 0.5, 95% CI (0.12–0.88); heterogeneity I2 = 0%, P = .82] and reduced external rotation range [SMD −0.68, 95% CI (−1.34 to −0.01); heterogeneity I2 = 61%, P = .05]. Surgery increased participant hip flexion moment and impulse, hip strength and faster gluteus maximus contraction time. Patients demonstrated reduced hip extension, abduction and adduction angles during walking gait, and peak hip extension moments during gait and squatting. While this review found some physical impairments changed postoperatively, further research into specific subgroups of FAIS would enhance understanding and inform rehabilitation programs and optimize patient outcomes.
Level of Evidence: IV (systematic review of III and IV evidence).
Multivariate assessment of interviewer errors in a cross-national economic survey and the role of fieldwork institutes
Authors: Olbrich Lukas , Beckmann Elisabeth , Sakshaug Joseph W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interviewers have long been identified as a source of error in face-to-face surveys. However, previous studies have typically focused on a single source of interviewer error and single-country cross-sectional surveys. We extend this literature by investigating interviewer errors from multiple dimensions in the Oesterreichische Nationalbank Euro Survey, a cross-national survey conducted annually in 10 Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European countries. Using data from 10 rounds (i.e. 100 country-years), we apply several data quality indicators on various dimensions of interviewer error and investigate country-years with particularly exceptional patterns. To combine the indicators, we use a multivariate tree-based outlier detection method (isolation forest) that flags country-years and interviewers with outlying values and combine it with methods from the interpretable machine learning literature to identify the respective exceptional feature values. Lastly, we document the effects of interviewer errors on the bias and variance of survey estimates. In several instances, our results identify fieldwork institutes and supervisors rather than interviewers as the main source of error.
A dihydrochalcone-specific O-methyltransferase from leaf buds of Populus trichocarpa implicated in bud resin formation
Authors: Piirtola Eerik-Mikael , Ma Dawei , Ehlting Jürgen , Constabel C Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Production of secreted leaf bud resin is a mechanism for temperate trees to protect dormant leaf buds against frost damage, dehydration, and insect herbivory. Bud resins contain a wide variety of special metabolites including terpenoids, benzenoids, and phenolics. The leaf bud resins of Populus trichocarpa and P. balsamifera contain high concentrations of O-methylated dihydrochalcones, but the enzymes for methylating these compounds remain enigmatic. We used transcriptomics and differential gene expression analyses to identify a gene encoding a P. trichocarpa DHC-specific O-methyltransferase, which we named PtDOMT1. Detailed enzymatic analyses demonstrated PtDOMT1 to be a highly selective and regiospecific O-methyltransferase which methylates 4- and 4’-positions of dihydrochalcones using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor. PtDOMT1 did not methylate any other flavonoid or phenolic substrate tested. These findings establish the final step in the biosynthesis of O-methylated dihydrochalcones in poplar and represent the first molecular analysis of leaf bud resin biosynthesis in plants.