bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA confirmation of an obscured hyperluminous radio-loud AGN at z = 6.853 associated with a dusty starburst in the 1.5 deg2 COSMOS field
Authors: Endsley Ryan , Stark Daniel P , Lyu Jianwei , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi , Fan Xiaohui , Smit Renske , Bouwens Rychard , Hainline Kevin , Schouws Sander 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present band 6 ALMA observations of a heavily obscured radio-loud (L1.4 GHz = 1025.4 W Hz−1) active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate at zphot = 6.83 ± 0.06 found in the 1.5 deg2 COSMOS field. The ALMA data reveal detections of exceptionally strong [C ii]158 $\mu$m (z[C ii] = 6.8532) and underlying dust continuum emission from this object (COS-87259), where the [C ii] line luminosity, line width, and 158 $\mu$m continuum luminosity are comparable to those seen from z ∼ 7 sub-mm galaxies and quasar hosts. The 158 $\mu$m continuum detection suggests a total infrared luminosity of $9\times 10^{12}\, \mathrm{ L}_\odot$ with corresponding very large obscured star formation rate (1300 M⊙ yr−1) and dust mass ($2\times 10^9\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$). The strong break seen between the VIRCam and IRAC photometry perhaps suggests that COS-87259 is an extremely massive reionization-era galaxy with $M_\ast \approx 1.7\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$. Moreover, the MIPS, PACS, and SPIRE detections imply that this object harbours an AGN that is heavily obscured ($\tau _{_{\mathrm{9.7\,\mu m}}}=2.3$) with a bolometric luminosity of approximately $5\times 10^{13}\, \mathrm{ L}_\odot$. Such a very high AGN luminosity suggests that this object is powered by an ≈1.6 × 10$^9\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ black hole if accreting near the Eddington limit, and is effectively a highly obscured version of an extremely ultraviolet (UV)-luminous (M1450 ≈ −27.3) z ∼ 7 quasar. Notably, these z ∼ 7 quasars are an exceedingly rare population (∼0.001 deg−2), while COS-87259 was identified over a relatively small field. Future very wide area surveys with e.g. Roman and Euclid have the potential to identify many more extremely red yet UV-bright z ≳ 7 objects similar to COS-87259, providing richer insight into the occurrence of intense obscured star formation and supermassive black hole growth among this population.
The Concentration–Mass relation of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters: agreement between observations and ΛCDM simulations
Authors: Darragh-Ford Elise , Mantz Adam B , Rasia Elena , Allen Steven W , Morris R Glenn , Foster Jack , Schmidt Robert W , Wenrich Guillermo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The relationship linking a galaxy cluster’s total mass with the concentration of its mass profile and its redshift is a fundamental prediction of the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) paradigm of cosmic structure formation. However, confronting those predictions with observations is complicated by the fact that simulated clusters are not representative of observed samples where detailed mass profile constraints are possible. In this work, we calculate the symmetry-peakiness-alignment (SPA) morphology metrics for maps of X-ray emissivity from the three hundred project hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters at four redshifts, and thereby select a sample of morphologically relaxed, simulated clusters, using observational criteria. These clusters have on average earlier formation times than the full sample, confirming that they are both morphologically and dynamically more relaxed than typical. We constrain the concentration–mass–redshift relation of both the relaxed and complete sample of simulated clusters, assuming power-law dependences on mass (κm) and 1 + z (κζ), finding κm = −0.12 ± 0.07 and κζ = −0.27 ± 0.19 for the relaxed subsample. From an equivalently selected sample of massive, relaxed clusters observed with Chandra, we find κm = −0.12 ± 0.08 and κζ = −0.48 ± 0.19, in good agreement with the simulation predictions. The simulated and observed samples also agree well on the average concentration at a pivot mass and redshift providing further validation of the ΛCDM paradigm in the properties of the largest gravitationally collapsed structures observed. This also represents the first clear detection of decreasing concentration with redshift, a longstanding prediction of simulations in data.
The growth of brightest cluster galaxies in the TNG300 simulation: dissecting the contributions from mergers andin situstar formation
Authors: Montenegro-Taborda Daniel , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Pillepich Annalisa , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Sales Laura V , Rodríguez-Puebla Aldo , Hernquist Lars 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe investigate the formation of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) in the TNG300 cosmological simulation of the IllustrisTNG project. Our cluster sample consists of 700 haloes with $M_{\rm 200}\ge 5 \times 10^{13} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at z = 0, along with their progenitors at earlier epochs. This includes 280 systems with $M_{\rm 200}\ge 10^{14} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at z = 0, as well as three haloes with $M_{\rm 200}\ge 10^{15} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We find that the stellar masses and star formation rates of our simulated BCGs are in good agreement with observations at z ≲ 0.4, and that they have experienced, on average, ∼2 (∼3) major mergers since z = 1 (z = 2). Separating the BCG from the intracluster light (ICL) by means of a fixed 30 kpc aperture, we find that the fraction of stellar mass contributed by ex situ (i.e. accreted) stars at z = 0 is approximately 70, 80, and 90 per cent for the BCG, BCG + ICL, and ICL, respectively. Tracking our simulated BCGs back in time using the merger trees, we find that they became dominated by ex situ stars at z ∼1–2, and that half of the stars that are part of the BCG at z = 0 formed early (z ∼ 3) in other galaxies, but ‘assembled’ onto the BCG until later times (z ≈ 0.8 for the whole sample, z ≈ 0.5 for BCGs in $M_{\rm 200}\ge 5 \times 10^{14} \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ haloes). Finally, we show that the stellar mass profiles of BCGs are often dominated by ex situ stars at all radii, with stars from major mergers being found closer to the centre, while stars that were tidally stripped from other galaxies dominate the outer regions.
Transgenerational Social Structures and Fictional Actors: Community-Based Responsibility for Future Generations
Authors: Andina Tiziana , Corvino Fausto 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The notion of transgenerational community is usually based on two diachronic interactions. The first interaction consists of present generations taking up the legacy (not only economic, but also institutional, artistic, cultural, and so forth) of past generations and giving it continuity, exercising a form of active agency. The second interaction occurs when present generations pass on their legacy to future generations. This is supposed to expand the boundaries of the community in a transgenerational sense (both backward- and forward-looking). In this article we argue that the transgenerational community can be grounded on a different ontological insight: future generations play the role of fictional actors for present generations, i.e., present generations entertain a present-time interaction with future generations, insofar as future generations are functional for the realization of transgenerational actions. This lays the foundations for more solid community-based bonds of intergenerational justice.
Global variations in critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation
Authors: Li Xiangyi , Piao Shilong , Huntingford Chris , Peñuelas Josep , Yang Hui , Xu Hao , Chen Anping , Friedlingstein Pierre , Keenan Trevor F , Sitch Stephen , Wang Xuhui , Zscheischler Jakob , Mahecha Miguel D 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Identifying the thresholds of drought that, if crossed, suppress vegetation functioning is vital for accurate quantification of how land ecosystems respond to climate variability and change. We present a globally applicable framework to identify drought thresholds for vegetation responses to different levels of known soil-moisture deficits using four remotely sensed vegetation proxies spanning 2001–2018. The thresholds identified represent critical inflection points for changing vegetation responses from highly resistant to highly vulnerable in response to drought stress, and as a warning signal for substantial vegetation impacts. Drought thresholds varied geographically, with much lower percentiles of soil-moisture anomalies in vegetated areas covered by more forests, corresponding to a comparably stronger capacity to mitigate soil water deficit stress in forested ecosystems. Generally, those lower thresholds are detected in more humid climates. State-of-the-art land models, however, overestimated thresholds of soil moisture (i.e. overestimating drought impacts), especially in more humid areas with higher forest covers and arid areas with few forest covers. Based on climate model projections, we predict that the risk of vegetation damage will increase by the end of the twenty-first century in some hotspots like East Asia, Europe, Amazon, southern Australia and eastern and southern Africa. Our data-based results will inform projections on future drought impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and provide an effective tool for drought management.
Hospitalizations for Unspecified Mycoses in a Large Administrative Data Set and Implications for Fungal Disease Burden Estimates, United States, 2019–2021
Authors: Benedict Kaitlin , Baggs James , Wolford Hannah , Jackson Brendan R , Gold Jeremy A W 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFungal diseases are frequently coded as “unspecified mycoses” in data sets used to estimate disease burden. In a large administrative database, 50.9% of unspecified mycosis hospitalizations during 2019–2021 had positive fungal laboratory testing, most commonly Candida (79.1%), highlighting a potential need for improved coding practices and greater fungal laboratory testing.
Investigator-Determined Categories for Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) Compared With International Classification of Diseases–10 Classification of Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With a Proposal for Revised FUO Classification
Authors: Wright William F , Wang Jiangxia , Auwaerter Paul G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundClassifying fever of unknown origin (FUO) into categorical etiologies (ie, infections, noninfectious inflammatory, oncologic, miscellaneous, and undiagnosed disorders) remains unstandardized and subject to discrepancies. As some disease classifications change, a systematic review of studies would help physicians anticipate the frequency of illness types they may encounter that could influence care.MethodsWe systematically reviewed prospective FUO studies published across the Medline (PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 1997, to July 31, 2022. We performed a meta-analysis to estimate associated pooled proportions between the investigator-determined choice of disease category and those determined by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), methodology.ResultsThe proportion of patients with a difference between the investigator and ICD-10-adjusted noninfectious inflammatory disorder category was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.005–0.021; P &lt; .001), and the proportion was similar for the miscellaneous category at 1.5% (95% CI, 0.007–0.025; P &lt; .001). The miscellaneous and noninfectious inflammatory disorders categories demonstrated significant across-study heterogeneity in the proportions of patients changing categories, with 52.7% (P = .007) and 51.0% (P = .010) I2, respectively.ConclusionsAdjusting FUO-associated diagnoses by ICD-10 methodology was associated with a statistically significant risk of over- or underestimation of disease category frequency approximation when using a 5 FUO category system. An FUO diagnostic classification system that better reflects mechanistic understanding would assist future research and enhance comparability across heterogenous populations and different geographic regions. We propose an updated FUO classification scheme that streamlines categorizations, aligns with the current understanding of disease mechanisms, and should facilitate empirical decisions, if necessary.
Optimal Duration of Systemic Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ssentongo Paddy , Yu Nyein , Voleti Navya , Reddy Surya , Ingram David , Chinchilli Vernon M , Paules Catharine I 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids confer a survival benefit in individuals hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who require oxygen. This meta-analysis seeks to determine the duration of corticosteroids needed to optimize this mortality benefit.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to 9 March 2022, for studies reporting corticosteroid versus no corticosteroid treatment in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We estimated the effect of corticosteroids on mortality by random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses and meta-analyses were conducted to assess the optimal duration of corticosteroid treatment while adjusting for the severity of disease, age, duration of symptoms, and proportion of control group given steroids.ResultsWe identified 27 eligible studies consisting of 13 404 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Seven randomized controlled trials and 20 observational studies were included in the meta-analysis of mortality, which suggested a protective association with corticosteroid therapy (risk ratio [RR], 0.71 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .58–.87]). Pooled analysis of 18 studies showed the greatest survival benefit for a treatment duration up to 6 days (RR, 0.54 [95% CI, .39–.74]). Survival benefit was 0.65 (95% CI, .51–.83) up to 7 days, and no additional survival benefit was observed beyond 7 days of treatment (RR, 0.64 [95% CI, .44–.93]). The survival benefit was not confounded by severity of disease, age, duration of symptoms, or proportion of control group given steroids.ConclusionsIn this meta-analysis, optimal duration of corticosteroid treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients was up to 6 days, with no additional survival benefit with &gt;7 days of treatment.
Insights into cell wall changes during fruit softening from transgenic and naturally occurring mutants
Authors: Shi Yanna , Li Bai-Jun , Grierson Donald , Chen Kun-Song 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Excessive softening during fleshy fruit ripening leads to physical damage and infection that reduce quality and cause massive supply chain losses. Changes in cell wall (CW) metabolism, involving loosening and disassembly of the constituent macromolecules, are the main cause of softening. Several genes encoding CW metabolizing enzymes have been targeted for genetic modification to attenuate softening. At least 9 genes encoding CW-modifying proteins have increased expression during ripening. Any alteration of these genes could modify CW structure and properties and contribute to softening, but evidence for their relative importance is sparse. The results of studies with transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the model for fleshy fruit ripening, investigations with strawberry (Fragaria spp.) and apple (Malus domestica), and results from naturally occurring textural mutants provide direct evidence of gene function and the contribution of CW biochemical modifications to fruit softening. Here we review the revised CW structure model and biochemical and structural changes in CW components during fruit softening and then focus on and integrate the results of changes in CW characteristics derived from studies on transgenic fruits and mutants. Potential strategies and future research directions to understand and control the rate of fruit softening are also discussed.
The impact of health literacy: associations with disease activity and medication prescription in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gorter Anne , Bakker Mark M , ten Klooster Peter M , Boonen Annelies , Vonkeman Harald E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations between health literacy profiles and disease activity and medication prescription in patients with RA.

Methods
Patients with RA who previously completed the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and were assigned 1 of 10 distinct health literacy profiles based on cluster analysis were further aggregated into three groups: ‘several health literacy limitations’, ‘some health literacy limitations’ and ‘good health literacy’. Linear mixed modelling (LMM) was used to analyse the association between health literacy groups and disease activity over the course of 1 year. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to compare medication prescriptions between the groups.

Results
A total of 108 patients with RA were included. LMM showed a significant effect of health literacy group on disease activity over time (P = 0.010). Patients with ‘good health literacy’ had significantly lower disease activity over time [28-joint DAS with ESR (DAS28-ESR) = 2.4] than patients with ‘several health literacy limitations’ (DAS28-ESR = 3.1), independent of age, gender and education level. Patients with ‘good health literacy’ were most often prescribed a biologic DMARD (50%), whereas patients with ‘some health literacy limitations’ more commonly received a conventional synthetic DMARD only [72.7%; odds ratio (OR) 4.24], and patients with ‘several health literacy limitations’ were more often prescribed prednisolone (52.4%; OR 3.56).

Conclusion
Significant differences in longitudinal disease activity and medication prescription were observed between groups with different health literacy levels. These results stress the importance of insights into the role of health literacy in treatment and outcomes in patients with RA.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization, Including Parasitic and Pathogenic Studies of a New Spherical Cyst Nematode Species, Globodera vulgaris n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), Associated with Potatoes in China
Authors: Xu Chunling , Yang Sihua , Xie Yujia , He Jin , Chen Yan , Pan Yonglang , Xie Hui 
Published: February 2023

In this study, a new spherical cyst nematode belonging to the genus Globodera, herein described as Globodera vulgaris n. sp., was extracted from the roots and rhizosphere soil of potato and circumjacent weeds belonging to different families in three provinces in southwest China. The new species was characterized by 8 to 24 ridges between the anus and fenestra and an average Granek's ratio of 2.8 to 3.8 in cysts, a head with three to four annules, a dorsal knob anteriorly projected, ventral knobs round or anteriorly projected in second stage juveniles, a head with three to five annules, a short spicule with an average length of less than 30.0 μm, and a developed velum in males. Pathogenicity tests showed that G. vulgaris n. sp. infected potato but did not damage or affect the potato yield compared with the control, and it parasitized tomato with a low reproduction rate (RF < 1) while it did not parasitize tobacco (RF = 0). The new species was closely related to G. rostochiensis, based on molecular diagnostic marker sequences and constructed phylogenetic analysis, based on internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA, large-subunit rDNA, and small-subunit rDNA. However, the new species exhibited differences from G. rostochiensis in terms of morphological characteristics, a wide host preference, lack of damage to hosts, and an egg-hatching rate induced by hatching factors.
The downregulation of HSP90‐controlled CRALBP expression is associated with age‐related vision attenuation
Authors: Chen Dan‐Dan , Liu Baixue , Wang Yuxuan , Jiang Mingjun , Shang Guohui , Xue Mengjiao , Jia Xiaolin , Lang YouFei , Zhou Guiling , Zhang Fengyan , Peng Xuyan , Hu Yanzhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dysfunction of CRALBP, a key regulator of the visual cycle, is associated with retinitis punctata albescens characterized by night vision loss and retinal degeneration. In this paper, we find that the expression of CRALBP is regulated by heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Inhibition of HSP90α or HSP90β expression by using the CRISPR‐Cas9 technology downregulates CRALBP's mRNA and protein expression in ARPE‐19 cells by triggering the degradation of transcription factor SP1 in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. SP1 can bind to CRALBP's promoter, and inhibition of SP1 by its inhibitor plicamycin or siRNA downregulates CRALBP's mRNA expression. In the zebrafish, inhibition of HSP90 by the intraperitoneal injection of IPI504 reduces the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer and Rlbp1b mRNA expression. Interestingly, the expression of HSP90, SP1, and CRALBP is correlatedly downregulated in the senescent ARPE‐19 and Pig primary RPE cells in vitro and in the aged zebrafish and mouse retinal tissues in vivo. The aged mice exhibit the low night adaption activity. Taken together, these data indicate that the HSP90‐SP1 is a novel regulatory axis of CRALBP transcriptional expression in RPE cells. The age‐mediated downregulation of the HSP90‐SP1‐CRALBP axis is a potential etiology for the night vision reduction in senior people.
Local glucose elevation activates pyroptosis via NLRP3 inflammasome in ovarian granulosa cells of overweight patients
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhao Hanting , Qi Jia , Yao Guangxin , He Yaqiong , Lu Yao , Zhu Qinling , Wang Yuan , Ding Ying , Zhu Zhenyi , Li Xinyu , Vankelecom Hugo , Sun Yun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOverweight, with an increasing prevalence worldwide, significantly impairs the clinical outcomes following in vitro fertilization (IVF). Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic disorders are always accompanied by the majority of overweight patients. The association between granulosa cell function and metabolic alterations in follicular fluid including lipids, proteins, and growth factors has been extensively documented. However, the effects of higher glucose level on ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified that overweight women had elevated follicular glucose level which profoundly activated NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. An in vitro correlation between follicular high glucose, NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis was also established. More importantly, in granulosa cells of overweight patients, the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis induced by high glucose was involved in the dysregulation of estradiol synthesis. Our study may provide new options to interpretate and improve IVF outcomes in overweight women.