bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic differentiation following recent domestication events: A study of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) populations
Authors: Barría Agustin , Peñaloza Carolina , Papadopoulou Athina , Mahmuddin Mahirah , Doeschl‐Wilson Andrea , Benzie John A. H. , Houston Ross D. , Wiener Pamela 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is among the most farmed finfish worldwide, distributed across different environmental conditions. Its wide distribution has mainly been facilitated by several breeding programs and widespread dissemination of genetically improved strains. In the first Nile tilapia study exploiting a whole‐genome pooled sequencing (Poolseq) approach, we identified the genetic structure and signatures of selection in diverse, farmed Nile tilapia populations, with a particular focus on the GIFT strain, developed in the 1980s, and currently managed by WorldFish (GIFTw). We also investigated important farmed strains from The Philippines and Africa. Using both SNP array data and Poolseq SNPs, we characterized the population structure of these samples. We observed the greatest separation between the Asian and African populations and greater admixture in the Asian populations than in the African ones. We also established that the SNP array data were able to successfully resolve relationships between these diverse Nile tilapia populations. The Poolseq data identified genomic regions with high levels of differentiation (FST) between GIFTw and the other populations. Gene ontology terms associated with mesoderm development were significantly enriched in the genes located in these regions. A region on chromosome Oni06 was genetically differentiated in pairwise comparisons between GIFTw and all other populations. This region contains genes associated with muscle‐related traits and overlaps with a previously published QTL for fillet yield, suggesting that these traits may have been direct targets for selection on GIFT. A nearby region was also identified using XP‐EHH to detect genomic differentiation using the SNP array data. Genomic regions with high or extended homozygosity within each population were also identified. This study provides putative genomic landmarks associated with the recent domestication process in several Nile tilapia populations, which could help to inform their genetic management and improvement.
Federated learning‐based private medical knowledge graph for epidemic surveillance in internet of things
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Gao Jiaquan , Bilal Muhammad , Dai Fei , Xu Xiaolong , Qi Lianyong , Dou Wanchun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the explosive development of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is convenient and important to collect health data from medical sensors and smart devices and construct medical knowledge graph. The knowledge graph contributes to investigating the connection between patient and disease, especially for epidemic surveillance. However, it is possible to cause the leakage of sensitive health information due to the untrusted data collector or various malicious attackers. In this paper, we attempt to utilise federated learning to construct a special knowledge graph, that is, individual‐symptom relationship diagram with local differential privacy (LDP‐ISRD), for epidemic risk surveillance, which presents the underlying infectious relationship among individuals. At first, we propose a federated learning‐based framework of LDP‐ISRD by utilising individuals' smart devices in IoT. Then, we leverage locations to determine the connection among individuals in terms of physical contact. Next, we propose a randomised algorithm PrivISRD to implement federated learning‐based LDP‐ISRD, which consists of symptom perturbation and aggregation. Finally, extensive experiments evaluate the impact of various parameters and results demonstrate that LDP‐ISRD has good performance.
A boosted co‐training method for class‐imbalanced learning
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Zhao Lingyun , Zhan Yongzhao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClass imbalance learning (CIL) has become one of the most challenging research topics. In this article, we propose a Boosted co‐training method to modify the class distribution so that traditional classifiers can be readily adapted to imbalanced datasets. This article is among the first to utilize pseudo‐labelled data of co‐training to enlarge the training set of minority classes. Compared with existing oversampling methods which generate minority samples based on labelled data, the proposed method has the ability to learn from unlabelled data and then decrease the risk of overfitting. Furthermore, we propose a boosting‐style technique which implicitly modifies the class distribution and combines it with co‐training to alleviate the bias towards majority classes. Finally, we collect two series of classifiers generated during Boosted co‐training to build an ensemble for the classification. It further improves the CIL performance by leveraging the strength of ensemble learning. By taking advantage of the diversity of co‐training, we also contribute a new approach to generating base classifiers for ensemble learning. The proposed method is compared with eight state‐of‐the‐art CIL methods on a variety of benchmark datasets. Measured by G‐Mean, F‐Measure, and AUC, Boosted co‐training achieves the best performances and average ranks on 18 benchmark datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the significant superiority of Boosted co‐training over other CIL methods.
Giant pandas are losing their edge: Population trend and distribution dynamic drivers of the giant panda
Authors: Li Yuhang , Rao Tong , Gai Luo , Price Megan L. , Yuxin Liu , Jianghong Ran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComprehending the population trend and understanding the distribution range dynamics of species are necessary for global species protection. Recognizing what causes dynamic distribution change is crucial for identifying species' environmental preferences and formulating protection policies. Here, we studied the rear‐edge population of the flagship species, giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), to (1) assess their population trend using their distribution patterns, (2) evaluate their distribution dynamics change from the second (1988) to the third (2001) survey (2–3 Interval) and third to the fourth (2013) survey (3–4 Interval) using a machine learning algorithm (eXtremely Gradient Boosting), and (3) decode model results to identify driver factors in the first known use of SHapley Additive exPlanations. Our results showed that the population trends in Liangshan Mountains were worst in the second survey (k = 1.050), improved by the third survey (k = 0.97), but deteriorated by the fourth survey (k = 0.996), which indicates a worrying population future. We found that precipitation had the most significant influence on distribution dynamics among several potential environmental factors, showing a negative correlation between precipitation and giant panda expansion. We recommend that further research is needed to understand the microenvironment and animal distribution dynamics. We provide a fresh perspective on the dynamics of giant panda distribution, highlighting novel focal points for ecological research on this species. Our study offers theoretical underpinnings that could inform the formulation of more effective conservation policies. Also, we emphasize the uniqueness and importance of the Liangshan Mountains giant pandas as the rear‐edge population, which is at a high risk of population extinction.
The exclusive countryside post‐pandemic
Authors: Shucksmith Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe processes through which the British countryside has become increasingly socially exclusive have been a theme of rural scholars' research since the 1970s, and these social changes are reflected in experiences of the pandemic. This paper begins by observing the central importance of power relations, and then discusses the pivotal role of housing as a motor of rural social change and exclusivity. Notwithstanding these processes, and indeed largely because of these asymmetric power relations, rural poverty remains. This paper summarises experiences of social exclusion in rural areas during the pandemic and reflects on the social redistribution of risk and the need to rebuild social protection in a continuing ‘permacrisis’. The emergence of the concept of the permacrisis indicates a recognition that the Covid‐19 pandemic is only one of a series of continuing or recurring challenges or potential ‘shocks’ that we face, and this paper concludes by suggesting a research agenda for rural scholars as well as a potential rural policy agenda.
Preparation, optical, and thermal stability of Tb3+‐doped glass ceramics containing Al4Ti2SiO12
Authors: Wang Haotian , Zhang Guodong , Zhao Tianli , Su Chunhui , Zou Xiangyu , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Tb3+‐doped transparent glass ceramics containing Al4Ti2SiO12 crystal are synthesized by the melt‐solid‐crystallization method. The optimal heat treatment conditions for the glass ceramic samples are determined to be 750°C, 1.5 h based on differential scanning calorimeter, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and light transmittance curve. The luminescence properties of the glass ceramics samples are characterized by a fluorescence spectrometer. The emission spectrum revealed that the dominant emission is green attributed to Tb3+, the optimal doping concentration is 0.3%. And the thermal quenching activation energy of 0.3% Tb3+‐doped glass ceramics is 0.2554 eV, while the relative sensitivity is 1.50% K−1 at 298 K and the absolute sensitivity is 2.27×10−2 K−1 at 418 K through variable temperature fluorescence spectroscopy test and a series of calculations. These findings demonstrate the excellent stability and temperature sensitivity of glass ceramics, thereby highlighting their potential for use in green lighting and temperature sensing applications.
Brown sugar polyphenols as natural inhibitors of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes
Authors: Wang Jie , Nisar Tanzeela , Fang Zhongxiang , Huang Guanru , Yang Rui , Wang Fu , Zou Li , Wang Zi‐Chao , Lin Ying 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the compositional profile and inhibitory effect of brown sugar polyphenols (BSPs) on porcine pancreatic α‐amylase (PPA) and Baker's yeast α‐glucosidase (BYG) activities. The HPLC‐ESI‐MS (high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry) analysis showed that BSPs comprised of four hydroxybenzoic acids including protocatechuic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and syringic acids (PA, PHBA, VA and SA, respectively) and three hydroxycinnamic acids including chlorogenic, p‐coumaric and ferulic acids (CHA, PCA and FA, respectively), where CHA (29.24%) and SA (31.31%) were the main BSPs. The enzyme inhibition analysis expressed as IC50 values (except PA and VA) showed that CHA, PCA and FA exhibited higher PPA and BYG inhibitory activities than PHBA and SA, following the order of CHA > PCA > FA > PHBA > SA. Moreover, the BSPs showed better inhibitory activities against BYG than PPA. The inhibition mechanism analysis through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, differential scanning calorimetry and molecular docking demonstrated that the BSPs inhibited the enzymes by binding with them mainly via hydrogen bonds. The results suggested that BSPs could be natural inhibitors of PPA and BYG.
Turn‐key research in food processing and manufacturing for reducing the impact of climate change
Authors: Martindale Wayne , Hollands Tom Æ , Jagtap Sandeep , Hebishy Essam , Duong Linh 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study addresses the critical need to report original and current findings on the global food system's ability to meet the growing natural resource demands of an estimated 9 billion global population. The objective is to provide guidance for researchers in developing strategies to reduce climate change risks in the food and beverage supply. To achieve this, we propose integrating innovative industry insights and digital applications into existing food system models as industrial demonstrators. Our research encompasses six impactful themes, demonstrating effective delivery methodologies. We highlight that human‐centred activities and practices, often overlooked in sustainability assessments, hinder improved security and sustainability in the food system. Through our work, we showcase how smarter food production processes, along with active citizen engagement, can achieve desired outcomes outlined in frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. A crucial aspect is the development of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, integrating workforce practices into manufacturing activities, and driving the necessary cultural changes for a sustainable food system. This study illuminates challenges faced by the global food system and provides actionable insights and methodologies to guide researchers and industry stakeholders in creating a more sustainable and secure future for food production and consumption.
Evaluation of the antihypertensive and antidiabetic potential of peptides from the globulin fraction of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) by an in silico and in vitro approach
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Escobar‐Mendoza Nicolle , Figueroa‐Merma Andrés , de Oliveira Thomás Valente , Guzmán Fanny , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE, antihypertensive effect) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, antidiabetic effect) inhibitory potential of peptides derived from the quinoa globulin hydrolysis with thermolysin were evaluated by in silico and in vitro analysis. The in silico hydrolysis of the globulin fractions resulted in peptides (~400 sequences) of different sizes and sequence conformations, of which 25 presented a high bioactivity probability score (>0.8). When the 25 sequences were evaluated for their stability against in silico simulated gastrointestinal digestion, four sequences resulted, PR, SPH, IPPG and SG all of them with a high bioactivity profile against ACE and DPP IV inhibition, where SPH and IPPG turned out to be new sequences not reported before. The molecular docking study found a high affinity between IPPG‐ACE and IPPG‐DPP IV and SPH‐DPP IV, with several interaction points with the active sites of the enzymes evaluated. The IC50 values for ACE and DPP IV found by the in vitro hydrolysis with thermolysin in a protein concentrate and in quinoa globulin support the findings of the in silico approach. Therefore, we conclude that the globulin fraction of quinoa hydrolyzed with thermolysin represents a potential source of antihypertensive and antidiabetic peptides.
Development of noodles with high highland barley flour incorporation level with proteins and pre‐gelatinized flour/starch
Authors: Ding Xiangli , Quan Zhen‐Yang , Zhang Li‐Li , Li Lun , Qian Jian‐Ya 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn this study, pre‐gelatinized highland barley flour (PHBF), pre‐gelatinized sweet potato starch (PSPS), wheat gluten (WG), and egg white protein (EWP) were used to develop highland barley noodles. Their effects on noodle quality were analysed, and then noodle formula optimization was carried out based on them. Changes in quality characteristics and intermolecular structure were analysed to explore the underlying mechanism. PHBF, PSPS, WG, and EWP influence the quality characteristics of HB noodles from diverse angles. After formula optimization, noodles with improved cooking and textural properties were obtained, in which HBF accounts for 93.0% of the composite flour and can be categorised as low expected glycemic index (eGI) foods. The viscosity and elasticity of the dough both improved; a more stable protein structure and enhanced starch structure were formed; and increased intermolecular forces were observed, which would contribute to the enhanced protein cross‐linking, structural order, and textural properties of noodles.
Effect of incorporation of seaweed (Portieria hornemanii) and Tilapia fish protein concentrate on the nutritional, physical and sensory attributes of cookies
Authors: Sivaraman Lekshmi , Deshmukhe Geetanjali , Xavier Kochery Augustine Martin , Hirekudel Sanath Kumar , Desai Ajay S. , Balange Amjad Khansaheb 
Published: June 2023

SummaryWheat flour is deficient in many nutrients and is the main ingredient of cookies. In the present study, Tilapia fish protein concentrate (FPC) (5%) and seaweed (Portieria hornemanii) (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) were incorporated into cookie formulation. The treatments were respectively T3, T4, T5 and T6. Cookies prepared without FPC and seaweed (T1) and 5% FPC (T2) alone acted as a control. Proximate composition, total dietary fibre, mineral content, physical properties (baking loss, fracturability, colour and textural properties) and sensory characteristics were analysed. Improvement in the protein (4.98–8.19%) (P < 0.05), carbohydrate (63.74%), Total dietary fibre (3.35%), energy (546–574 Kcal/100 g cookies), spread factor (1.82–1.89) and mineral content was observed in cookies containing seaweed and FPC compared to control. High overall acceptability was obtained by T3 compared to the control. The present study showed cookies that are nutritionally improved as well as have good sensory acceptability can be developed by incorporating seaweed and FPC. In the future, the incorporation of specific purified compounds from seaweeds into cookies can be done.
Insights into the relationships among the formation of biogenic amines, microbiota composition using a culture‐independent method, and metabolic potential in chill‐stored Scomber japonicus
Authors: Liang Ruiping , Tang Haiqing , Chen Jingyi , Zhang Mengsi , Liu Lianliang , Ou Changrong 
Published: June 2023

SummaryFish spoilage is significantly influenced by the microbiota composition, in which the specific spoilage organisms are the main factors. In this article, we used the 16S rRNA V3–V4 hypervariable areas of bacteria to assess the microbial community and metabolic function of Scomber japonicus during storage at 4 °C for 9 days. The physicochemical and microbiological indices including total viable counts (TVC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and biogenic amines (BAs) were determined. Observations revealed that TVC, TVB‐N and BAs content dramatically increased over the storage, TVB‐N, histamine, cadaverine and tyramine content reached 54.18 mg/100 g, 621.26, 190.93 and 57.48 mg kg−1, respectively, at the end of storage. The decrease of alpha diversity indicated the decrease of microbial community plenty and diversity. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Moraxellaceae unclassified occupied the dominant position during storage. The accumulation of histamine and cadaverine correlated positively with Pseudomonas and Brochothrix while negatively with Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter and Flavobacterium. Putrescine production and Photobacterium showed a strong favourable association. Amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism were the two primary metabolic routes during the storage of S. japonicus, according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Overall, this study explored the interrelationships among the microbial community, functional metabolisms and spoilage characteristics during the storage of S. japonicus, which aimed to identify the specific spoilage organisms and help to deepen the understanding of roles that this microbiota played during spoilage.
Circulating mitochondrial dysfunction as an early biomarker for contrast media‐induced acute kidney injury in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Kusirisin Prit , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Kuanprasert Srun , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is the common hospitalized acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the diagnosis by serum creatinine might not be early enough. Currently, the roles of circulating mitochondria in CI‐AKI are still unclear. Since early detection is crucial for treatment, the association between circulating mitochondrial function and CI‐AKI was tested as a potential biomarker for detection of CI‐AKI. Twenty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. Blood and urine samples were obtained at the time of PCI, and 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after PCI. Plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured. Oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics and cell death were determined from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Forty percent of patients developed AKI. Plasma NGAL levels increased after 24 h after receiving contrast media. Cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial fusion occurred at 6 h following contrast media exposure. Subgroup of AKI had higher %necroptosis cells and TNF‐α mRNA expression than subgroup without AKI. Collectively, circulating mitochondrial dysfunction could be an early predictive biomarker for CI‐AKI in CKD patients receiving contrast media. These findings provide novel strategies to prevent CI‐AKI according to its pathophysiology.
A sublethal concentration of chitosan oligosaccharide suppresses the population growth of the wheat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus)
Authors: Yu Hailong , Li Xinan , Lan Chen , Li Qiuchi , Sun Yulin , Tian Xujun , Zhu Saige , Ren Jianhua , Yan Zheng , Li Wenxiang , Zhu Xun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe bird cherry‐oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a key pest of wheat in China. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has been widely used due to its biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, environmental friendliness and convenient extraction. This study was aimed at determining the acute toxicity of COS on R. padi and transgenerational effects of sublethal concentrations of COS on the biological characteristics of R. padi. The results indicated that COS possessed acute toxicity against R. padi after 48 h of exposure (LC50: 1227.35 mg/L). The sublethal concentration of COS (LC15: 260 mg/L) induced a decrease in adult longevity, adult prereproductive period and fecundity in the first filial generation (F1). Moreover, in F1 progeny, nymphal (1st–3rd), preadult and total prereproductive period significantly enhanced due to sublethal dose. Moreover, finite rate of increase (λ), the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0) of F1 progeny were significantly decreased, whereas a sublethal COS concentration exposure significantly increased the mean generation time (T) of F1 progeny. Overall, the study shows that sublethal concentration of COS can significantly suppress population growth of R. padi F1 generation, showing the potential of COS as a biorational option to manage aphids.