bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining ability of experimental maize lines for yield and aflatoxin in the southeastern United States
Authors: Knoll Joseph E. , Perla Trevor J. , Krakowsky Matthew D. , Guo Baozhu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAflatoxin contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) grain presents risks to animal and human health and causes economic losses for growers, particularly in the southeastern United States. Development of hybrids with genetic resistance to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus will reduce these risks. Two factorial crossing experiments were conducted to evaluate yield, agronomic traits, and aflatoxin in maize hybrids. In Experiment 1, 18 aflatoxin‐resistant (GT) lines were each crossed to six testers. In Experiment 2, 13 of the same lines were each crossed to 10 different testers. Each experiment was conducted for 2 years at Tifton, GA, and commercial check hybrids were included for comparison. Ears were inoculated with A. flavus isolate NRRL 3357 using the side‐needle technique 14 days after silking. Aflatoxin was quantified after harvest. Broad sense heritability for aflatoxin was low in Experiment 1 (H2 = 0.09) but was higher in Experiment 2 (H2 = 0.27). Heritability was moderate to high for plant height (H2 = 0.49–0.51) and days to silking (H2 = 0.54–0.72). Among experimental lines, GT1209 and GT1309 had consistent positive general combining ability (GCA) for yield, whereas GT1203 and GT1204 had consistent negative (favorable) GCA for aflatoxin. Significant GCA effects, both positive and negative, for aflatoxin were also observed among testers in both experiments. Some experimental hybrids had yields that were comparable to commercial checks while also having lower aflatoxin, demonstrating the progress made in improvement of both traits in maize hybrids adapted to the Southern United States.
An application of vGWAS to differences in flowering time in maize across mega‐environments
Authors: Murphy Matthew D. , Lipka Alexander E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenomic regions containing loci with effect sizes that interact with environmental factors are desirable targets for selection because of increasingly unpredictable growing seasons. Although selecting upon such gene‐by‐environment (G × E) loci is vital, identifying significantly associated loci is challenging due to the multiple testing correction. Consequently, G × E loci of small‐ to moderate effect sizes may never be identified via traditional genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Variance GWAS (vGWAS) have been previously shown to identify G × E loci. Combined with its inherent reduction in the severity of multiple testing, we hypothesized that vGWAS could be successfully used to identify genomic regions likely to contain G × E effects. We used publicly available genotypic and phenotypic data in maize (Zea mays L.) to test the ability of two vGWAS approaches to identify G × E loci controlling two flowering traits. We observed high inflation of from both approaches. This suggests that these two vGWAS approaches are not suitable to the task of identifying G × E loci. We advocate that similar future applications of vGWAS use more sophisticated models that can adequately control the inflation of . Otherwise, the application of vGWAS to search for G × E effects that are critical for combating the effects of climate change will not reach its full potential.
Barriers toward circular economy transition: Exploring different stakeholders' perspectives
Authors: Souza Piao R. , Vincenzi T. B. , Vazquez‐Brust D. A. , Yakovleva N. , Bonsu S. , Carvalho M. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCircular economy (CE) attempts to improve the environmental and economic performance of existing production systems and particularly waste management through the introduction of principles of reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, redesign, and remanufacture. There are still many challenges regarding its implementation. This article investigates the barriers to adopting CE practices in the Brazilian waste management system. In the empirical research first stage, a workshop was conducted with researchers and managers. In the second stage, 1 year later, interviews were conducted in 22 organizations across different categories of the waste system. The outcomes indicate that barriers are more related to the implementation of CE practices, and the lack of legislation enforcement and coordination of distinct levels of government. New dimensions for explaining barriers to CE in developing countries also emerged from field research as the low market value of some residues and the informality in the system.
Equalization circuit based on switched‐capacitor units and graph networks for series‐connected cell strings
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Zhou Guohua , Liu Shuyi 
Published: June 2023

SummaryAn analysis and design method of the equalization circuit based on switched‐capacitor (SC) units and graph networks is proposed in this paper. In the analysis method, the SC equalization circuit is decomposed into multiple SC units and one or more graph networks, which can simplify the analysis process. The effects of circuit parameters and structure on the equalization performance are analyzed in detail. And the average resistance distance among cells is proposed to mathematically analyze and compare the equalization path of the SC equalization circuits. Based on four types of SC units and graph networks of the equalization circuit, a design method of the SC equalization circuit and two SC equalization circuits are proposed. The proposed SC equalization circuit based on cell equalization units has the optimal equalization speed. The proposed SC equalization circuit based on cell equalization units and substring equalization units implements the trade‐off between equalization speed and device number. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed analysis method and SC equalization circuits.
Influence of the mixing of Au with D and T upon alpha heating in hot dense plasmas
Authors: He Bin , Wang Jian‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe influence of the mixing of Au with D and T (DT) upon alpha heating is studied in the wide ranges of plasma temperatures from 0.1 to 100.0 keV, under the assumption that all the charged particles in the mixture are in the same temperature. Two cases of mixture densities 4.15 and 415 g/cc are discussed, where the average ionization degree of Au ions and the partial densities of different ions in the mixture are determined by the average atom model. It is found that the mixing decreases the energy partition fraction for DT ions significantly even if the number of Au ions is 1.0% of that for DT ions. The mixing also lengthens the range of alpha particles in the plasmas, which is more prominent when Au ion is in a low ionized state. Moreover, the heating of Au ions by alpha particles is found much easier than that of DT ion All these are very harmful to the controlled fusion. All the results about energy partition fractions are mainly because that the heavy Au ion is usually in a highly charged state in the plasmas. This makes the nuclear stopping due to Au ions much bigger than that due to DT ions and cover the incident energy range for the heating of DT ions by alpha particles. The similar work in Phys. Plasmas 21,102,307 (2014) is found doubtful since its nuclear stopping due to high Z ions was obtained by means of perturbation theory.
Fully covered self‐expandable metallic stents versus plastic stents for preoperative biliary drainage in patients with pancreatic head cancer and the risk factors for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis
Authors: Kozakai Fumisato , Ogawa Takahisa , Koshita Sinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Kusunose Hiroaki , Sakai Toshitaka , Yonamine Keisuke , Miyamoto Kazuaki , Anan Hideyuki , Okano Haruka , Hosokawa Kento , Ito Kei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesOptimal stents for preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) for patients with possible resectable pancreatic cancer remain controversial, and risk factors for post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP), followed by PBD, are unknown. In this study, the efficacy and safety of fully covered self‐expandable metallic stents (FCSEMSs) and plastic stents (PSs) were compared, and the risk factors for PEP, followed by PBD, were investigated for patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsConsecutive patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent PBD between April 2005 and March 2022 were included. We retrospectively evaluated recurrent biliary obstruction, adverse events (AEs), and postoperative complications for FCSEMS and PS groups and investigated the risk factors for PEP.ResultsA total of 105 patients were included. There were 20 patients in the FCSEMS group and 85 patients in the PS group. For the FCSEMS group, the rate of recurrent biliary obstruction (0% vs. 25%, p = 0.03) was significantly lower. There was no difference in AE between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in the overall postoperative complications, but the volume of intraoperative bleeding was larger for the PS group than it was for the FCSEMS group (p < 0.001). From multivariate analysis, being female and lack of main pancreatic duct dilation were independent risk factors for pancreatitis (odds ratio, 5.68; p = 0.028; odds ratio, 4.91; p = 0.048).ConclusionsFCSEMSs are thought to be preferable to PSs for PBD due to their longer time to recurrent biliary obstruction. Being female and the lack of main pancreatic duct dilation were risk factors for PEP.
Quantifying the age structure of free‐ranging delphinid populations: Testing the accuracy of Unoccupied Aerial System photogrammetry
Authors: Vivier Fabien , Wells Randall S. , Hill Marie C. , Yano Kymberly M. , Bradford Amanda L. , Leunissen Eva M. , Pacini Aude , Booth Cormac G. , Rocho‐Levine Julie , Currie Jens J. , Patton Philip T. , Bejder Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the population health status of long‐lived and slow‐reproducing species is critical for their management. However, it can take decades with traditional monitoring techniques to detect population‐level changes in demographic parameters. Early detection of the effects of environmental and anthropogenic stressors on vital rates would aid in forecasting changes in population dynamics and therefore inform management efforts. Changes in vital rates strongly correlate with deviations in population growth, highlighting the need for novel approaches that can provide early warning signs of population decline (e.g., changes in age structure). We tested a novel and frequentist approach, using Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) photogrammetry, to assess the population age structure of small delphinids. First, we measured the precision and accuracy of UAS photogrammetry in estimating total body length (TL) of trained bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Using a log‐transformed linear model, we estimated TL using the blowhole to dorsal fin distance (BHDF) for surfacing animals. To test the performance of UAS photogrammetry to age‐classify individuals, we then used length measurements from a 35‐year dataset from a free‐ranging bottlenose dolphin community to simulate UAS estimates of BHDF and TL. We tested five age classifiers and determined where young individuals (<10 years) were assigned when misclassified. Finally, we tested whether UAS‐simulated BHDF only or the associated TL estimates provided better classifications. TL of surfacing dolphins was overestimated by 3.3% ±3.1% based on UAS‐estimated BHDF. Our age classifiers performed best in predicting age‐class when using broader and fewer (two and three) age‐class bins with ~80% and ~72% assignment performance, respectively. Overall, 72.5%–93% of the individuals were correctly classified within 2 years of their actual age‐class bin. Similar classification performances were obtained using both proxies. UAS photogrammetry is a non‐invasive, inexpensive, and effective method to estimate TL and age‐class of free‐swimming dolphins. UAS photogrammetry can facilitate the detection of early signs of population changes, which can provide important insights for timely management decisions.
Comparative genomics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Is the genetic architecture of migratory behavior conserved among populations?
Authors: Clare Catherine I. , Nichols Krista M. , Thrower Frank P. , Berntson Ewann A. , Hale Matthew C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are a partially migratory species wherein some individuals undergo long‐distance anadromous migrations, and others stay as residents in their native freshwater streams. The decision to migrate is known to be highly heritable, and yet, the underlying genes and alleles associated with migration are not fully characterized. Here we used a pooled approach of whole‐genome sequence data from migratory and resident trout of two native populations—Sashin Creek, Alaska and Little Sheep Creek, Oregon—to obtain a genome‐wide perspective of the genetic architecture of resident and migratory life history. We calculated estimates of genetic differentiation, genetic diversity, and selection between the two phenotypes to locate regions of interest and then compared these associations between populations. We identified numerous genes and alleles associated with life history development in the Sashin Creek population with a notable area on chromosome 8 that may play a critical role in the development of the migratory phenotype. However, very few alleles appeared to be associated with life history development in the Little Sheep Creek system, suggesting population‐specific genetic effects are likely important in the development of anadromy. Our results indicate that a migratory life history is not controlled by a singular gene or region but supports the idea that there are many independent ways for a migratory phenotype to emerge in a population. Therefore, conserving and promoting genetic diversity in migratory individuals is paramount to conserving these populations. Ultimately, our data add to a growing body of literature that suggests that population‐specific genetic effects, likely mediated through environmental variation, contribute to life history development in rainbow trout.
Environmental DNA reveals invasive crayfish microbial associates and ecosystem‐wide biodiversity before and after eradication
Authors: Ballare Kimberly M. , Worth Anna , Goodearly Tyler , Ruiz‐Ramos Dannise V. , Beraut Eric , Nava Hailey , Fairbairn Colin , Wayne Robert K. , Shapiro Beth , Short Ginny , Meyer Rachel S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiodiversity monitoring in conservation projects is essential to understand environmental health, complexity, and recovery. However, traditional field surveys can be expensive, time‐consuming, biased toward visual detection, and/or only measure a limited set of taxa. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods provide a new approach to biodiversity monitoring that has the potential to sample a taxonomically broader set of organisms with a similar effort, but many of these approaches are still in the early stages of development and testing. Here, we used multi‐locus eDNA metabarcoding to understand how the removal of invasive red swamp crayfish using cypermethrin pesticide impacts local biodiversity of a desert oasis ecosystem, as well as to detect crayfish both directly and indirectly. We tracked crayfish DNA signatures, microbial DNA associated with crayfish, and biodiversity of plant, fungal, animal, and bacterial communities through time. We were unsuccessful in detecting crayfish directly in either control tanks or oases using targeted metabarcoding primers for invertebrates and eukaryotes, similar to previous studies which have shown variable levels of success in detecting crayfish from environmental samples. However, we were successful in discerning a suite of 90 crayfish‐associated taxa to serve as candidate bioindicators of invasive presence using 16S and fungal ITS2 metabarcoding. Ranking these 90 taxa by their geographic distribution in eDNA surveys and by evidence of crayfish associations in the literature, we support nine taxa to be high ranking, and suggest they be prioritized in future biomonitoring. Biodiversity analyses from five metabarcode loci including plants, animals, and both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes showed that communities differed but that species richness remained relatively similar between oases through time. Our results reveal that, while there are limitations of eDNA approaches to detect crayfish and other invasive species, microbial bioindicators offer a largely untapped biomonitoring opportunity for invasive species management, adding a valuable resource to a conservation manager's toolkit.
Investigation of hotpot oil based on beef tallow and flavored rapeseed oil in commercial hotpot seasoning
Authors: Liu Ying , Gao Pan , Wang Shu , Liu Hui , Yin Jiaojiao , Zhong Wu , Hu Chuanrong , He Dongping , Wang Xingguo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the quality of hotpot oil from various hotpot seasonings. For this, 12 representative hotpot seasonings with beef tallow (BT) and flavored rapeseed oil (FRO) were collected before the hotpot oil was extracted. The oil content, sensory evaluation scores, physiochemical properties, fatty acid composition, harmful substances, and nutrient content of the hotpot oil were subsequently analyzed. The results showed that the oil content of the hotpot seasoning was 38.3%–58.2%. Furthermore, the BT hotpot oils produced better sensory scores (7–8.5), and their oxidative stability (12.08–13.17 h) was higher on average than that of the FRO hotpot oils. Additionally, the FRO hotpot oils had higher contents of unsaturated fatty acid (81.70%–97.32%), phytosterol (3466.07–6110.37 ppm), tocopherol (182.91–1276.17 mg kg−1), and polyphenol (34.48–61.94 mg kg−1). The factor analyses revealed that the FRO and BT hotpot oils were significantly different and were affected by the iodine value, acid value, and linoleic acid and phytosterol contents.Practical applications: It is necessary to improve the nutritional value and taste of hotpot oils to facilitate rapid development in the hotpot seasoning industry. This study showed FRO was a positive mediator of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer effects owing to its richness of nutritional compounds, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, and tocopherols. In comparison, BT was found to have a lower nutritional value than FRO but added a unique taste and aroma to the hotpot. The use of blended oil as raw oil could also improve the quality of hotpot oil. This information will provide an important guide to the nutritional value and industrial production of hotpot oil. Blended oil is a promising raw oil for future use in hotpot seasoning processing to meet consumer demands for nutritious and pleasantly flavored hotpot oil.
Cognitive‐affective changes mediate the mindfulness‐based intervention effect on endometriosis‐related pain and mental health: A path analysis approach
Authors: Moreira Marcelo de França , Gamboa Olga Lucia , Pinho Oliveira Marco Aurelio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is poor knowledge about the therapeutic mechanisms of the conservative interventions for endometriosis. We hypothesized that the effects of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention (bMBI) on pelvic pain intensity (PPI), pain unpleasantness (PU) and quality of life mental health (QoL‐MH) are mediated by direct and indirect paths of changes in pain catastrophizing (PC), positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA).MethodsA secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial of women with endometriosis, assigned to standard medical treatment (n = 32) and standard medical treatment plus bMBI (n = 31). We tested a series of parallel and serial mediators (PC, PA and NA) of the relationship between bMBI and outcomes (PPI, PU and QoL‐MH).ResultsThe bMBI group demonstrated improvement in PA (Cohen's f2 = 0.12 [0.01, 0.36]), decreases in NA (Cohen's f2 = 0.06 [0.00, 0.24]) and PC (Cohen's f2 = 0.16 [0.02, 0.42]). The PC reduction mediated the effect of the bMBI on PPI and PU directly; however, the PC effect through PA increase mediated the PU marginally but not PPI changes. bMBI effect on Qol‐MH was mediated directly by PA and NA. The PC improved Qol‐MH through PA increase and Pain decrease but not via NA.ConclusionsOur findings showed that bMBI impacts pain through changes in pain‐related cognitive‐affective factors. bMBI can improve QoL‐MH by multiple pathways, including but not limited to pain reduction, highlighting the independent potential of improvement in affect to restore mental health in endometriosis.SignificanceBrief mindfulness‐based intervention improves endometriosis pain through pain‐related cognitive‐affective factors and quality of life mental health via pain and affect changes unrelated to pain.
Research on low‐carbon evaluation of clean energy use in rural residential buildings based on Analytic Hierarchy Process method
Authors: Wang Yao , Liu Yu , Hong Qiankun , He Qi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs an important part of the construction industry, rural residential buildings are characterized by low energy utilization, unreasonable structure, and low consumption level, so it is particularly important to study the low carbon transformation and evaluation system. In this study, the coefficient of variation method was used to identify the important factors affecting the low‐carbon transformation of rural residential buildings, and the evaluation system of low‐carbonization of rural residential buildings was determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the system was used in a rural residential building low‐carbonization evaluation study. The results show that “Energy utilization,” “Envelope structure,” and “Economic factors” have obvious influence on the low carbonization of buildings, with the weights of 36.4%, 24.5%, and 19.5%, respectively. Among the secondary indicators, the top four weightings are “clean energy utilization rate” (0.152), “external wall insulation system” (0.090), “window performance” (0.088), and “electricity consumption” (0.084), which are the most critical factors influencing the low carbonization level of clean energy utilization in rural residential buildings. Finally, based on the constructed low‐carbonization evaluation system, we propose targeted solution strategies to provide a theoretical basis for establishing an effective assessment system for the low‐carbonization of clean energy in rural residential buildings.