bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patient perspectives on how they can and should be engaged in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in health care
Authors: Adus Samira , Macklin Jillian , Pinto Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly evolving field which will have implications on both individual patient care and the health care system. There are many benefits to the integration of AI into health care, such as predicting acute conditions and enhancing diagnostic capabilities. Despite these benefits potential harms include algorithmic bias, inadequate consent processes, and implications on the patient-provider relationship. One tool to address patients’ needs and prevent the negative implications of AI is through patient engagement. As it currently stands, patients have infrequently been involved in AI application development for patient care delivery. Furthermore, we are unaware of any frameworks or recommendations specifically addressing patient engagement within the field of AI in health care. Methods We conducted four virtual focus groups with thirty patient participants to understand of how patients can and should be meaningfully engaged within the field of AI development in health care. Participants completed an educational module on the fundamentals of AI prior to participating in this study. Focus groups were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results We found that patients want to be engaged at the problem-identification stages using multiple methods such as surveys and interviews. Participants preferred that recruitment methodologies for patient engagement included both in-person and social media-based approaches with an emphasis on varying language modalities of recruitment to reflect diverse demographics. Patients prioritized the inclusion of underrepresented participant populations, longitudinal relationship building, accessibility, and interdisciplinary involvement of other stakeholders in AI development. We found that AI education is a critical step to enable meaningful patient engagement within this field, especially. We have curated recommendations into a framework for the field to learn from and implement within their groups. Conclusion Given the novelty and speed at which AI innovation is progressing in health care, patient engagement should be the gold standard for application development. Our proposed recommendations seek to enable patient-centered AI application development in health care. Future research must be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of patient engagement in AI application development to ensure that both AI application development and patient engagement are done rigorously, efficiently, and meaningfully.
Structural variation in families with speech and language disorder provides a deeper understanding of the genetic basis for naturally acquired speech
Authors: Chan Ernest , Benchek Penelope , Miller Gabrielle , Brustoski Kim , Schaffer Ashleigh , Truitt Barbara , Tag Jessica , Freebairn Lisa , Lewis Barbara , Iyengar Sudha , Stein Catherine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and rare form of speech sound disorder (SSD) with an estimated prevalence of 0.01-2%. CAS typically occurs in isolation (sporadic), but may segregate in families with broader speech and language deficits. We hypothesized that disruptive genetic changes may be involved in the etiology of CAS, and were resolvable by examination of whole genome sequence. We sequenced 27 families with a CAS child within the Cleveland Family Speech and Reading Study, examining 101 individuals in all. CAS subjects displayed errors on single word articulation (75%), multisyllabic real word repetition (93%), multisyllabic non-word repetition (82%), and oral motor function (82%); many also exhibited problems with fine and gross motor skills. We identified 17 genomic regions including 19 unique structural variants (SVs) present in children with CAS. Three variants were shared across families, but the rest were unique; some events were de novo. In four families, siblings with milder phenotypes co-inherited the same SVs, suggesting that some SVs display variable expressivity. In an independent sample, we replicated eight SVs using microarray technology and found that many of these SVs were present in children with milder forms of SSD. Bioinformatic examination of the deletions/duplications identified four SVs with substantial functional consequences (cytobands 2q24.3, 6p12.3-6p12.2, 11q23.2-11q23.3, and 16p11.2). Of these, the 16p11.2 deletion is the most well-established variant that causes a broad array of neurological features. These discoveries show that SVs are a heterogeneous, but prevalent cause of CAS, identifiable by standard genetic testing.
A High Schottky Barrier iTFET with Control Gate for Low Power Application
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Tse Ho-Hin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research presents a simulated device structure for an Inductive Line Tunneling Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor (iTFET) with a high Schottky barrier and a control gate. We based our design process on real-world production components, factored in actual processing steps, and verified all software parameters to ensure the study's close alignment with practical manufacturing scenarios. Our configuration employs Silicon Germanium (SiGe), a narrow-bandgap semiconductor known for its cost-effectiveness, mature technology, and ability to enhance electron tunneling. We implemented Schottky Barrier Height (SBH) modulation engineering to increase the ON- state current (ION) by integrating an electrode into the semiconductor via Schottky contact. To further optimize the device performance, a control gate was included between the source and drain regions. This modification increased the ION and reduced the OFF-state current (IOFF) through the manipulation of the electric field. The simulation results demonstrated an average subthreshold swing (SSAVG) of 31.5 mV/dec, an ION of 4.96x10-6 A/μm, and an ION/IOFF ratio of 1.1x108 at a VDS of 0.2V, indicating a remarkably low subthreshold swing. These outcomes highlight the feasibility of utilizing a low thermal budget approach to fabricate high-performing TFETs that are well-suited for economical and low-energy applications.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Tight-Rope technique and Clavicular Hook Plate in Treating Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation
Authors: Chen Chang , Li Wen , Chen Ge , Yin Yiran , Zhang Dexiang , Zhong Xiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate and compare the clinical outcomes of acute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)
dislocations treated by the Tight-Rope (TR) technique and clavicle hook plate (CHP).
Methods: 34 patients with acute ACJ dislocation was treated by using TR technique in 16 patients (9 males, 5 females; mean age 38 years) and CHP in 20 patients (15 males, 5 females; mean age 33 years). Radiological and functional evaluations were routinely conducted with 1 year postoperatively. The mean follow up was 14.7 months.
Results: All patients were statistically significant improvement in the constant score (CS), coracoclavicular (CC) distance, visual analogue scale (VAS) score at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). Compared with the CHP group, TR technique group had statistically significant shorter incision, length of stay, blood loss and subjective satisfactory score. (P < 0.001); The CS, CC distance and VAS score had no significant difference between two groups at the end of follow-up (P > 0.05). Patients who underwent CHP had a higher incidence of wound issue, osteolysis and osteoarthritisthan, while TR group had higher risk of re-dislocations.
Conclusions: This study showed equivalent clinical efficacy of the TR and CHP techniques, with slightly different results including complications. We suggest that the choice of treatment for acute ACJ dislocation should be individually considered.
Enhancing podocyte degenerative changes recognition in glomerular images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Barros George Oliveira , Silva José Nathan Andrade Muller da , Proença Henrique Machado de Sousa , Araújo Stanley Almeida , Wanderley David Campos , de Oliveira Luciano Rebouças , dos-Santos Washington Luis Conrado , Duarte Angelo Amâncio , Vidal Flávio de Barros 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effects of Digital Resources on Digital Transformation in the Current Digital Age: The Moderating Role of Organizational Slack
Authors: BABALOLA EMMANUEL Olusola , Bo Wu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Implementing digital transformation in industrial enterprises is a challenging task, necessitating a deeper understanding of the variables that can facilitate its successful accomplishment. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which organizations can constellate and maintain digital resources to build the capabilities required for effective digital transformation, with a particular focus on the moderating effects of organizational slack. The study provides empirical support for established theoretical perspectives, such as resource-based theory and dynamic capabilities, emphasizing the importance of leveraging digital resources and dynamic capabilities to achieve digital transformation. To investigate these relationships, we adopted an empirical model using a quantitative research approach with secondary data. The random effect negative binomial regression approach was chosen for analysis. Our sample comprised 3,229 industrial enterprises, generating 32,290 observations from the period spanning 2012 to 2021, sourced from the China stock market and accounting research database. Our findings confirmed our hypothesis, revealing that digital resources and dynamic capabilities are significant predictors of digital transformation accomplishment. Additionally, we discovered that digital resources have a direct impact on dynamic capability, and dynamic capability partially mediates the relationship between digital resources and digital transformation. Moreover, external organizational slack (OS_EXT) emerged as a significant moderator, negatively influencing the impact of digital resources and dynamic capabilities on digital transformation. These research findings offer actionable knowledge to industrial leaders, practitioners, and policymakers, empowering them to make informed strategic decisions and enhance the potential for successful digital transformation in industrial enterprises. Notably, this research contributes to the study of digital transformation, specifically in the context of the top seven Chinese provinces. Despite the challenges associated with transitioning from an industrial source to an industrial powerhouse, this study sheds light on the combined influence of organizational slack, digital resources, and dynamic capabilities as variables within a unified prediction model.
Determination of compounds with laxative action in aloe latex and aloe vera-based products - Chemometric classification of aloe vera plants (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) under different conditions
Authors: Ioannou Georgia D. , Christou Atalanti , Stavrou Ioannis J. , Kapnissi-Christodoulou Constantina P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The bioactive compounds of latex in aloe vera are associated with several of its medicinal properties. Aloe emodin, aloins A and B, which are present in aloe latex, are known for their laxative action. This study aims to develop a simple HPLC method for the determination of compounds with purgative effect. The correlation of these compounds according to the plant conditions and the position of the leaf in the plant was also evaluated. Aloe vera plants under different conditions and thirteen aloe-based products were analyzed by HPLC-DAD combined with chemometrics. Each leaf from the plants was studied separately for its content in compounds with a laxative effect. The developed method was performed with a C18 column and the total analysis time was 22 minutes. It was observed that, in contrast with field-cultivation plants, the concentrations of aloins in potted plants follow a specific pattern based on the position of the leaves. It was also observed that climatic and environmental conditions have a significant impact on the concentrations of aloins. Principal Component Analysis was performed to evaluate correlations among measurements. The model was able to separate the aloe plants based on their seasonal variation and growing conditions. Finally, it was observed that, in only two out of thirteen products, aloins were present, with the total content exceeded the maximum levels set by EU legislation. The present work provides useful information for the aloins variation among leaves in different position and plants under various conditions.
Designing for implementation: planning and evaluation of a clinical exercise oncology program
Authors: Fairman Ciaran , Harrington Shana , Schumpp Alec , Brooks Alex , Jones Morgan , Kim Julian , Kennedy Mary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This project aimed to design and evaluate an exercise oncology intervention with a long-term goal of integration into standard practice in a local healthcare system.
Methods
This two-phase study used a mixed-methods approach. First, qualitative measures were used to understand the context for exercise integration into oncology care by clinicians and administrators in the healthcare system. Next, the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework guided a comprehensive evaluation of the exercise service. Reach and Adoption were measured via number of patients enrolled in the program relative to those treated. Adoption was measured via referrals from stakeholders. Implementation was described using the program structure and delivery. Maintenance was described using hospital funding decisions. Effectiveness was assessed using the Bellarmine Norton Assessment Tool (BNAT) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Fatigue Scale.
Results
Phase 1 qualitative data suggested critical elements to guide program delivery, including limiting participants to post-primary treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiation and streamlining referral process. The Phase 2 evaluation demonstrated suboptimal program reach (2%); significant program effectiveness (improvemed physical function (BNAT; p = 0.05 ) and decreased fatigue (p < 0.05)); receptiveness to program adoption (75%); and strong potential for program maintenance.
Conclusion
Traditional approaches to exercise oncology research trials are not easily integrated into healthcare systems. Designing an exercise program for meaningful integration and sustainment requires understanding the context where the program will be delivered, followed by intentional and continuous engagement with key stakeholders to ensure the program continues to meet the needs of the system.
Assessment of cropping patterns of Atractylodes lancea by mass spectrum metabolomics
Authors: Wang Mengdi , Yin Min , Yong Xuhong , Jing Shoutao , Feng Xu , Wang Qizhi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Atractylodes lanceapossesses immense potential for application in pharmaceuticals, food and health products, cosmetics, and agricultural production. However, due to the depletion of natural resources, researchers are investigating high-yield and efficient cropping models for Atractylodes. Until now, the differences and changes of chemical constituents in Atractylodes under different cropping patterns and growth years have been very limited, so further exploration and research are needed.
Materials and methods: Raw materials for Atractylodes are supplied by Maoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Company, a laboratory cooperative planting site. The standard product is provided by China Institute of Food and Drug Control. The samples and standards were dissolved in methanol for analysis during October-December 2022. Tests were performed by utrl high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for quantitative and metabolomic analysis. Stoichiometric analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were conducted based on mass spectrometry
Results: After conducting content tests, it was discovered that the intercropped biennial Atractylodescontained the required 3% or more atractylodin. After testing, Atractylodes lancea samples did not contain phorate pesticides. On this basis, 411 volatile metabolites were extracted and identified, while 111 secondary metabolites were identified. 36 volatile metabolites and 26 secondary metabolites showed significant differences between the two cropping patterns and different growth years. Through metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that volatile metabolites had significant differences in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway.
Conclusions: The biennial intercropping approach, yielded Atractylodes extracts with content levels that were 1.8, 1.9, and 2.3 times higher than those derived from biennial monocrop, annual intercrop, and annual monocrop, respectively. It was also found that secondary metabolites more accurately reflected the distinctions brought about by the different cropping patterns and growth periods in Atractylodes. Hence, this experiment holds significant value as a reference for developing environmentally sustainable agricultural practices for growing this herb. It can also be used to establish an authentic production area model and for the evaluation of herb quality.
Investigation of Morphological and Optical Characteristics of (PMMA/PS/Al 2 O 3 ) Nanocomposites and Its Application as Antibacterial
Authors: Nayef Fatima Mohammad , Rabee Bahaa H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The casting method prepared a nanocomposite of a (PMMA/PS) polymeric blend with the nanomaterial (Al2O3). The morphological, optical, and antibacterial characteristics were studied. The optical microscope photos demonstrated high homogeneity, fine dispersal of Al2O3 NPs inside the blend polymer films, and the formation of a charge transfer complex. SEM images showed agglomeration of a small and close-packed group of elliptical particles on the surface of the polymeric matrix as a result of adding a different number of NPs. The absorbance increases with the increasing concentration of Al2O3, the additive, while the transmittance reductions with the rising content. The optical constant of PMMA/PS/Al2O3 nanocomposites were also tested. The energy gap of indirect transitions (allowed, forbidden) reduces with increases in the concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite films have antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Iranian livestock breeders' knowledge, attitude, practice and behavioral determinants related to Brucellosis prevention
Authors: Bahadori Farhad , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Zarei Fatemeh , Saeideh Ghaffarifar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that affects animals and humans. Its transmission to humans can occur through various routes such as consumption of infected animal products or unprotected close contact with secretions or different parts of live or dead infected animals. This study aims to report Iranian livestock breeders’ awareness, attitude, practice, and behavioral determinants related to Brucellosis prevention.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 450 livestock breeders in Beyraq, a suburb of Tabriz metropolitan city. The Brucellosis Prevention Questionnaire (BPQ) was used to collect data, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS-23. The BPQ, consisting of 53 items, had acceptable psychometric properties (Content Validity Index = 0.90, Content Validity Ratio = 0.74, Impact Score = 4.30, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.885, Composite Reliability = 0.895, and Standard Error of Measurement = 5.448).
Results
The study included 450 livestock breeders with a mean age of 51.68 ± 16.4 years and a mean household size of 6.47 ± 2.25. Participants who had a previous history of Brucellosis reported an average occurrence of 7.03 ± 5.83 years ago. Livestock breeders had moderate knowledge levels (mean score = 17.13) and positive attitudes (mean score = 3.86) towards Brucellosis prevention, but their practice level was relatively low (mean score = 15.9). Significant differences were observed in awareness (p-value < 0.001), attitude (p-value = 0.03), and practice (p-value < 0.001) scores between those who had undergone previous prevention measures compared to those who did not. Participants with a higher education level had higher awareness, attitude, and practice scores. An analysis of variance test (ANOVA) showed that job level had a significant effect on awareness (p-value < 0.001) and practice (p-value < 0.001) scores, with free jobs having higher scores than other jobs.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that Iranian livestock breeders have insufficient knowledge about Brucellosis prevention despite positive attitudes and practices. To prevent the spread of Brucellosis, it is necessary to increase awareness and educate livestock breeders about preventive measures.
Assessment of the Health Benefits of Calcium and Magnesium Enrichment in Drinking Water: A Case Study in Kokava nad Rimavicou, Slovak Republic.
Authors: Rapant Stanislav , Cvečková Veronika , Čermák Patrik , Hajduk Igor , Jurkovič Ľubomír 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the village of Kokava nad Rimavicou, we enriched the drinking water with Ca and Mg using a recarbonatization reactor (RR). In the RR, carbonate rock is dissolved using CO2. In the RR, we produce a concentrate with a Ca and Mg content of approximately 100 mg l− 1, which is then added directly to the water reservoir at a ratio of approximately 1:10. On average, the Ca and Mg content in the drinking water increased by 10–15 mg l− 1. Subsequently, we monitored the positive effect of the increased Ca and Mg content in the drinking water by measuring the arterial stiffness of the residents, which characterizes the state of the cardiovascular system of people. We measured the arterial stiffness four times in six-month intervals. The first time was before the start of the enrichment of the drinking water with Ca and Mg, and subsequently three times after the enrichment. The increased content of Ca and Mg in the drinking water resulted in a significant improvement in the arterial stiffness. The arterial age of the people improved by approximately ten years, and the speed of the pulse wave velocity decreased by 0.9 m s− 1.