bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Pipeline Using Prior Knowledge for Automatic Evaluation of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders With MRI
Authors: Wang Haijie , Wang Yida , Zhang He , Yin Xuan , Wang Chenglong , Lu Yuanyuan , Song Yang , Zhu Hao , Yang Guang 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe diagnosis of prenatal placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is highly dependent on radiologists' experience. A deep learning (DL) method using the prior knowledge that PAS‐related signs are generally found along the utero‐placental borderline (UPB) may help radiologists, especially those with less experience, to mitigate this issue.PurposeTo develop a DL tool for antenatal diagnosis of PAS using T2‐weighted MR images.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsFive hundred and forty pregnant women with clinically suspected PAS disorders from two institutions, divided into training (409), internal test (103), and external test (28) datasets.Field Strength/SequenceSagittal T2‐weighted fast spin echo sequence at 1.5 T and 3 T.AssessmentAn nnU‐Net was trained for placenta segmentation. The UPB straightening approach was used to extract the utero‐placental boundary region. The UPB image was then fed into DenseNet‐PAS for PAS diagnosis. DenseNet‐PP learnt placental position information to improve the PAS diagnosis performance. Three radiologists with 8, 10, and 12 years of experience independently evaluated the images. Two radiologists marked the placenta tissue. Histopathological findings were the reference standard.Statistical TestsArea under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the classification. Dice coefficient evaluated the segmentation between radiologists and the model performance. The Mann–Whitney U‐test or the chi‐squared test assessed the significance of differences. Decision curve analysis was used to determine clinical effectiveness. DeLong's test was used to compare AUCs.ResultsOf the 540 patients, 170 had PAS disorders confirmed by histopathology. The DL model using UPB images and placental position yielded the highest AUC of 0.860 and 0.897 in internal test and external test cohorts, respectively, significantly exceeding the performance of three radiologists (internal test AUC, 0.737–0.770).Data ConclusionBy extracting the UPB image, this fully automatic DL pipeline achieved high accuracy and may assist radiologists in PAS diagnosis using MRI.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Elevated dissolved carbon dioxide and associated acidification delays maturation and decreases calcification and survival in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna
Authors: Ramaekers Lana , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Brendonck Luc , Pinceel Tom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIncreasing pCO2 in freshwaters across the globe will likely be accompanied by acidification. Although this has been linked to reduced calcification, growth, and survival in several marine species, similar responses in freshwater organisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the direct effects of elevated pCO2 and associated acidification on the water flea Daphnia magna. As a highly efficient filter feeder, this crustacean is a dominant primary consumer in freshwater zooplankton assemblages, capable of controlling algal growth. It has a high calcium content compared to other zooplankton species, which might make it particularly sensitive since calcification may be impaired under elevated pCO2. We exposed newly hatched individuals of four clonal lineages to 27,000 ppm pCO2 corresponding to a pH of 6.7 in a controlled laboratory experiment. Both survival and calcium content were reduced and juveniles grew slower and matured later under elevated pCO2. Adult growth rate was not affected by pCO2 suggesting that surviving adults are less sensitive or may acclimate over time but at the cost of reduced offspring size. We hypothesize that the combination of elevated pCO2 and low pH interferes with the calcification process, reflected in slower growth, smaller body size and reduced calcification in D. magna. In turn, this might lead to less efficient control of phytoplankton as an ecosystem service and reduce their competitive advantage over other zooplankters with less calcified bodies.
Experimental Observation of Dissipatively Coupled Bound States in the Continuum on an Integrated Photonic Platform
Authors: Feng Ziyao , Sun Xiankai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs) are a special type of waves that coexist with continuous waves without any radiation loss. Owing to eliminated dissipative coupling to the environment, the coupling between BICs is naturally considered to be dispersive. Here, dissipative coupling between BICs in coupled photonic waveguides is exploited on an etchless lithium niobate integrated platform, and for the first time, supermode BICs are experimentally observed on a chip. It is discovered that, under the variation of the waveguide gap, the two supermodes have complementarily varied loss rates and the supermode BIC appears periodically, which verifies respectively the dissipative nature of coupling and periodic variation of the coupling coefficient between the two coupled photonic waveguides. The observed dissipatively coupled BICs can enable many on‐chip applications such as high‐sensitivity sensing, optical communication, and topological physics.
Development of a Microfluidic Formatted Ultrasound‐Controlled Monodisperse Lipid Vesicles' Hydrogel Dressing Combined with Ultrasound for Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: He Chengdian , He Xiong , Zhang Yi , Han Xiaofeng , Yang Yujun , Shen Yong , Wang Teng , Wu Qing , Yang Yukun , Xu Wei , Bai Jin , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has attracted much attention in the pharmaceutical technology area. However, the current methods are difficult to ensure penetration efficiency, controllability, and safety in the dermis, so its widespread clinical use has been limited. This work proposes an ultrasound‐controlled monodisperse lipid vesicles (U‐CMLVs) hydrogel dressing, which combines with ultrasound to form TDDS. Using microfluidic technology, prepare size controllable U‐CMLVs with high drug encapsulation efficiency and quantitative encapsulation of ultrasonic response materials, and even uniform mix them with hydrogel to prepare the required thickness of dressings. The high encapsulation efficiency can ensure sufficient dosage of the drugs and further realize the control of ultrasonic response through quantitative encapsulation of ultrasound‐responsive materials. Using high frequency (5 MHz, 0.4 W cm−2) and low frequency (60 kHz, 1 W cm−2) ultrasound to control the movement and rupture of U‐CMLVs, the contents not only penetrate the stratum corneum into the epidermis but also break through the bottleneck of penetration efficiency, and deep into the dermis. These findings provide the groundwork for deep, controllable, efficient, and safe drug delivery through TDDS and lay a foundation for further expanding its application.
Tremor in Patients with Relapsing‐Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Characteristics and Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Shalash Ali , Elhodeby Ahmed Mohamed , Saad Mahmoud , Abdelzaher Ibrahim Yosra , Hamid Eman , Nasef Ayman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence and clinical characteristics of tremors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), their associated clinical disability, and their impact on quality of life (QoL).ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the frequency and types of tremors in patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) in remission, and their impact on patients’ QoL.MethodsA total of 250 patients with RRMS in remission were examined for tremors. All patients were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Patients with tremors underwent further assessment using the Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF‐36). Brain MRI was obtained for a subgroup of patients.ResultsTremors were detected in 36 patients (14.4%) and were associated with significantly worse EDSS scores, BDI (P = 0.021), MoCA, most SF‐36 domains, higher total and last year relapses (P < 0.001) and longer disease duration (P = 0.027). Patients with tremors showed higher lesion load (P = 0.007), more infratentorial (P ≤ 0.001), cerebellar and diencephalic lesions (P = 0.024), and cortical atrophy (P = 0.012). Total FTMTRS was significantly correlated to age, EDSS, and physical functioning. Dystonia was associated with tremors in 17 patients (6.8% of total RRMS patients and 47.2% of patients with tremors).ConclusionThe current study confirms the common occurrence of tremors and their subtypes among patients with RRMS with mild disability and demonstrates their association with increased disability and impaired QoL.
Bos d 13, A Novel Heat‐Stable Beef Allergen
Authors: Román‐Carrasco Patricia , Klug Christoph , Hemmer Wolfgang , Focke‐Tejkl Margarete , Raith Marianne , Grosinger Isabella , Stoll Peter , Quirce Santiago , Sanchez‐Jareño Marta , Martínez‐Blanco Mónica , Molina Elena , Somoza Veronika , Lieder Barbara , Marin Zana , Nöbauer Katharina , Hummel Karin , Razzazi‐Fazeli Ebrahim , Swoboda Ines 
Published: May 2023

ScopeRed meat, a staple food of Western diets, can also induce IgE‐mediated allergic reactions. Yet, apart from the heat‐labile protein serum albumin and the carbohydrate α‐Gal, the molecules causing allergic reactions to red meat remain unknown.Methods and resultsIgE reactivity profiles of beef‐sensitized individuals are analyzed by IgE‐immunoblotting with protein extracts from raw and cooked beef. Two IgE‐reactive proteins are identified by peptide mass fingerprinting as myosinlight chain 1 (MYL1) and myosin light chain 3 (MYL3) in cooked beef extract and are designated Bos d 13 isoallergens. MYL1 and MYL3 are produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli. ELISAs proved their IgE reactivity and circular dichroism analysis showed that they represent folded molecules with remarkable thermal stability. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion experiments showed the higher stability of rMYL1 as compared to rMYL3. Exposure of a monolayer of Caco–2 cells to rMYL1 indicated that the molecule is able to cross intestinal epithelial cells without disturbing the integrity of the tight junctions, suggesting the sensitizing capacity of MYL1.ConclusionMYLs are identified as novel heat‐stable bovine meat allergens.
Myositis‐related autoantibody profile and clinical characteristics stratified by anti‐cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A status in connective tissue diseases
Authors: Diederichsen Louise Pyndt , Iversen Line Vinderslev , Nielsen Christoffer Tandrup , Jacobsen Søren , Hermansen Marie‐Louise , Witting Nanna , Cortes Rikke , Korsholm Sine Søndergaard , Krogager Markus Engebæk , Friis Tina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsCytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (cN‐1A) autoantibodies have been recognized as myositis‐related autoantibodies. However, their correlations with clinical characteristics and other myositis‐specific and myositis‐associated autoantibodies (MSAs/MAAs) are still unclear. We aimed to establish the prevalence and clinical and laboratory associations of cN‐1A autoantibodies in a cohort of patients with connective tissue diseases.MethodsA total of 567 participants (182 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies [IIM], 164 systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], 121 systemic sclerosis [SSc], and 100 blood donors [BD]) were tested for the presence of cN‐1A autoantibodies and other myositis‐specific and myositis‐associated autoantibodies (MSAs/MAAs). Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between anti‐cN‐1A positive and negative patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and between anti‐cN‐1A positive and negative patients with non‐IBM IIM.ResultsIn the sIBM cohort, 30 patients (46.9%) were anti‐cN‐1A positive vs. 18 (15.2%) in the non‐IBM IIM cohort, 17 (10%) were anti‐cN‐1A positive in the SLE cohort and none in the SSc or the BD cohorts. Anti‐cN‐1A positivity had an overall sensitivity of 46.9% and a specificity of 93.2% for sIBM. Dysphagia was more frequent in the anti‐cN‐1A positive vs. negative sIBM patients (p = .04). In the non‐IBM IIM group, being anti‐cN‐1A antibody positive was associated with the diagnosis polymyositis (p = .04) and overlap‐myositis (p = .04) and less disease damage evaluated by physician global damage score (p < .001).DiscussioncN‐1A autoantibodies were predominantly found in IIM patients and was associated with dysphagia in sIBM patients. Notably, anti‐cN‐1A appears to identify a distinct phenotype of anti‐cN‐1A positive non‐IBM IIM patients with a milder disease course.
An analytical solution for the dynamic response of a seawater‐sloping seabed‐bedrock system under an oblique incident P wave
Authors: Shan Zhendong , Xie Zhinan , Dong Rui , Jing Liping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany offshore marine structures are built on seabeds with slight or considerable slopes, while most analytical studies have focused on the dynamic responses of horizontal seabeds. Based on the theory of porous media, an analytical solution for the response of a sloping seabed to earthquakes is developed in this paper. Stress and displacement responses can be shown at any location of the seabed. Using numerical examples, we analyze the influence of the slope angle, frequency and angle of incident waves, and thicknesses of the seawater and sediment layers on the dynamic response of the seabed. The results show that the solid displacement amplification factor of the surface of the horizontal seabed is always constant, while that of the sloping seabed changes periodically along the seabed surface. Even at a small site, the difference between a horizontal seabed and a sloping seabed is still significant. The slope angle has different effects on the seabed at different depths, and the inclination plays an amplification role at some depths and a reduction role at other depths. With an increase in slope angle, the difference between a horizontal seabed and a sloping seabed becomes more significant. Especially at natural frequencies, the amplification factor becomes more significant with increasing slope angle. Therefore, even though the same seawater depth is used in the model, a horizontal seabed model cannot be used to analyze the dynamic response of a sloping seabed or significant errors will occur.
Risk‐averse optimization and resilient network flows
Authors: Eshghali Masoud , Krokhmal Pavlo A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose an approach to constructing metrics of network resilience, where resilience is understood as the network's amenability to restoring its optimal or near‐optimal operations subsequent to unforeseen (stochastic) disruptions of its topology or operational parameters, and illustrated it on the examples of the resilient maximum network flow problem and the resilient minimum cost network problem. Specifically, the network flows in these problems are designed for resilience against unpredictable losses of network carrying capacity, and the mechanism of attaining a degree of resilience is through preallocation of resources toward (at least partial) restoration of the capacities of the arcs. The obtained formulations of resilient network flow problems possess a number of useful properties, for example, similarly to the standard network flow problems, the network flow is integral if the arc capacities, costs, and so forth, are integral. It is also shown that the proposed formulations of resilient network flow problems can be viewed as “network measures of risk”, similar in properties and behavior to convex measures of risk. Efficient decomposition algorithms have been proposed for both the resilient maximum network flow problem and the resilient minimum cost network flow problem, and a study of the network flow resilience as a function of network's structure has been conducted on networks with three types of topology: that of uniform random graphs, scale‐free graphs, and grid graphs.
“Nobody wants to be a dead hero”: Coping with precarity at the frontlines of the Brazilian and Mexican pandemic response
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Nieto‐Morales Fernando , Peeters Rik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes how adverse working conditions shape frontline workers' behavioral and cognitive coping mechanisms. It builds on the idea of frontline work as a precarious profession and explores how workers deal with associated challenges. Specifically, evidence is provided for factors associated with alienative commitment among frontline workers. We do so against the background of the 2020–2021 Mexican and Brazilian pandemic response by health workers, social workers, and police officers. Findings from our qualitative analysis show that they feel abandoned, vulnerable, and left to deal with the risks of the pandemic by themselves. In response, they tend to cognitively disconnect from their work and prioritize their own job survival. We contribute to the literature by showing how institutional factors over which street‐level bureaucrats have little control, such as resource scarcity, lack of job security and managerial support, and low trust by citizen‐clients, are fertile conditions for these coping patterns.
Novel bionanocomposites of chitosan‐based blend containing LaB6: Thermal, dielectric, and biological properties
Authors: Erol Ibrahim , Hazman Ömer , Aksu Mecit , Uygur Ilyas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the presented study, a strategy that will offer alternative usage areas by strengthening the physicochemical properties of the green polymer chitosan (CS) is aimed. For this purpose, a compatible blend of CS (CS‐PFPAMA) with poly 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐oxoethyl‐2‐methylprop‐2‐enoate (PFPAMA), a methacrylate‐based synthetic polymer, was prepared by hydrothermal method. Miscibility and compatibility of the CS‐PFPAMA blend were confirmed by the single glass transition temperature (Tg) determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Then, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared by the chemical method were successfully added to the CS‐PFPAMA blend at different weight ratios by hydrothermal method. Morphological characterizations of CS‐PFPAMA blend and produced nanocomposites were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, and thermal characterizations were made with thermogravimetric analysis and DSC. The thermal stability and Tg values of the obtained CS‐PFPAMA blend and nanocomposites were lower than the values of the CS. However, LaB6 NPs increased the dielectric properties of the CS‐PFPAMA blend. Thus, the potential use of the produced nanocomposites in electronic devices may be in question. According to the results of antibiogram tests performed by the disk diffusion method, it was determined that nanocomposites showed a serious resistance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pathogens. In addition, both antioxidant and oxidant properties of nanocomposites showed values close to the reference material used. The determined biological properties indicate that the CS‐based nanocomposites can be used as biomaterials.
Mechanical, thermal properties and shape memory behaviors of PLA/PCL/PLA‐g‐GMA blends
Authors: Ye Gaoyuan , Gu Tongfei , Chen Boyuan , Bi Hongjie , Hu Yingcheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo improve the toughness of polylactic acid (PLA), in this research, a tough polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) was combined with PLA to prepare blends, and a compatibilizer of glycidyl methacrylate grafted PLA (PLA‐g‐GMA) was produced to enhance the compatibility of PLA/PCL blend. Compared with PLA/PCL blend, the compatibilized blend exhibited a lower melting temperature and greater thermal stability. The tensile test indicates that the addition of compatibilizer greatly improved the toughness of the PLA/PCL blend. Particularly, the elongation at break of PLA/PCL blend with 6 wt% PLA‐g‐GMA increased to 370% and reached about 66 times of neat PLA. In addition, compatibilized blends have good shape memory performance. The research provides a simple and feasible method to overcome the brittleness of PLA, supplying a new strategy to modify PLA.
VOC‐losses across the band gap: Insights from a high‐throughput inline process for CIGS solar cells
Authors: Gutzler Rico , Witte Wolfram , Kanevce Ana , Hariskos Dimitrios , Paetel Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBig sets of experimental data are key to assess statistical device performance and to distill underlying trends. This insight, in turn, can then be used to improve on the fabrication process. We here describe a standardized and optimized inline fabrication process and present a statistical analysis of tens of thousands of cells with chalcopyrite‐type Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber. The large number of samples allows us to point out where Ag alloying into the absorber offers improvements, and how it couples with compositional and optoelectronic properties. Solar cell parameters as a function of chemical composition of the absorber highlight the importance of fill factor on overall cell performance. Finally, we calculate losses in open‐circuit voltage as a function of band gap energy and show that radiative losses can be reduced by increasing the amount of Cu and/or Ag.
Comprehending the influence of the particle size and stoichiometry on Al/CuO thermite combustion in close bomb: A theoretical study
Authors: Tichtchenko Emilian , Bedat Benoit , Simonin Olivier , Glavier Ludovic , Gauchard David , Esteve Alain , Rossi Carole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper is a theoretical exploration of complex Al/CuO thermite combustion processes, using a zero‐dimensional (0D) model which integrates both condensed phase and gas phase reactions, and considers all thermodynamic stable molecular or atomic species identified during the Al+CuO reaction. We found that the particle size mainly influences the reaction kinetics and pressure development. Thermite with nano‐sized particles (nanothermites) burns ∼10 times faster than the same thermite with micron‐sized particles (microthermites). This is due to the fact that the thermite reaction occurs mainly in condensed phase, i. e. in the melted Al phase, as all gaseous oxygens released by the CuO decomposition are spontaneously absorbed on the huge specific surface area of metallic Al. As a consequence, the pressure development in nanothermites follows the thermite chemical reaction, the gas phase is mostly composed of a metal vapor (mostly Cu and Al), Al suboxides, but is free of molecular oxygen. In contrast, when dealing with microthermites, an oxygen pressure peak occurs prior to the thermite reaction due to the gaseous O2 released by the early CuO decomposition, that cannot be absorbed on the Al particles surface in real time. The powder stoichiometry greatly impacts the final pressure. Al lean thermites generate a higher final pressure (×3) than stoichiometric and Al rich mixtures, due to unreacted gaseous oxygen which remains in the gas phase after the full consumption of the metallic Al.