bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly varying concepts and capacities of forensic mental health services across the European Union
Authors: Salize Hans Joachim , Dressing Harald , Fangerau Heiner , Gosek Pawel , Heitzman Janusz , Markiewicz Inga , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Stompe Thomas , Wancata Johannes , Piccioni Marco , de Girolamo Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThere is wide variation in the processes, structures and treatment models for dealing with mentally disordered offenders across the European Union. There is a serious lack of data on population levels of need, national service capacities, or treatment outcome. This prevents us from comparing the different management and treatment approaches internationally and from identifying models of good practice and indeed what represents financial efficiency, in a sector that is universally needed.MethodsFrom March 2019 till January 2020 we surveyed forensic psychiatric experts from each European Union Member State on basic concepts, service capacities and indicators for the prevalence and incidence of various forensic psychiatric system components. Each expert completed a detailed questionnaire for their respective country using the best available data.ResultsFinally, 22 EU Member States and Switzerland participated in the survey. Due to the frequent lack of a clear definition of what represented a forensic psychiatric bed, exact numbers on bed availability across specialized forensic hospitals or wards, general psychiatric hospitals or prison medical wards were often unknown or could only be estimated in a number of countries. Population-based rates calculated from the survey data suggested a highly variable pattern of forensic psychiatric provision across Europe, ranging from 0.9 forensic psychiatric beds per 100,000 population in Italy to 23.3 in Belgium. Other key service characteristics were similarly heterogeneous.DiscussionOur results show that systems for detaining and treating mentally disordered offenders are highly diverse across European Union Member States. Systems appear to have been designed and reformed with insufficient evidence. Service designers, managers and health care planners in this field lack the most basic of information to describe their systems and analyse their outcomes. As a basic, minimum standardized national reporting systems must be implemented to inform regular EU wide forensic psychiatry reports as a prerequisite to allow the evaluation and comparison of the various systems to identify models of best practice, effectiveness and efficiency.
Reduced serum 25(OH)D is closely related to bronchial mucus plug formation in children with mycoplasma pneumonia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kun Jiang , Silei Yan , Sun Chao , Wenyan Huang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between vitamin D nutritional status and the formation of bronchial mucus plugs (BMPs) is unclear. The aims of the current study were to investigate associations between serum 25(OH)D levels, serum inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics in children with mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP), and to summarize the risk factors for BMPs in children with MPP.MethodsClinical data from 175 children with MPP were collected and analyzed, the children were divided into a BMP group and a non-BMP group. Serum 25(OH)D levels, IL-8, and various inflammatory factors were compared in the two groups. Associations between 25(OH)D levels and IL-8, various inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of serum 25(OH)D levels was assessed.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the BMP group (p &lt; 0.05). Serum IL-8 level, percentages of neutrophils, and some inflammatory factors were significantly higher in the BMP group (p &lt; 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with IL-8, neutrophil percentage, various inflammatory factors (all p &lt; 0.05). It was also associated with lobular infection, pleural effusion, mechanical ventilation, and mycoplasma 2,063/2,064 mutation (all p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis 25(OH)D [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–0.99, p = 0.003], IL-8 (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.002), polylobular infection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.64, p = 0.007), and MP DNA copies (OR 0.98, 95% CI 1.04–1.01, p = 0.022) were independent risk factors for BMPs, and the area under the curve value was 0.915 (95% CI 0.895–0.935). If the serum 25(OH)D level was &lt;50 nmol/L, the respective percentages for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 97, 81, 78.9, and 97.6%.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is common in children with MPP, and 25(OH)D levels are closely associated with inflammatory factors and disease severity in children. The serum 25 (OH) D level of MPP children with BMPs was lower than that of children without BMPs. Serum 25(OH)D can be used as a marker for the diagnosis of MPP in children with BMPs.
“Loved ones are not ‘visitors' in a patient's life”—The importance of including loved ones in the patient's hospital stay: An international Twitter study of #HospitalsTalkToLovedOnes in times of COVID-19
Authors: Hriberšek Mojca , Eibensteiner Fabian , Kapral Lorenz , Teufel Anna , Nawaz Faisal A. , Cenanovic Merisa , Sai Chandragiri Siva , Devkota Hari Prasad , De Ronita , Singla Rajeev K. , Parvanov Emil D. , Tsagkaris Christos , Atanasov Atanas G. , Schaden Eva 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundHospitals are institutions whose primary task is to treat patients. Family-centered care, which considers loved ones as equal partners in patient care, has been gaining recognition in the adult care setting. Our aim was to record experiences of and opinions on communication between hospital-based healthcare providers and patients' loved ones, related but not limited to the rigorous mitigation measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe Twitter profile @HospitalsTalkTo and hashtag #HospitalsTalkToLovedOnes were created to interact with the Twitter public between 7 June 2021 and 7 February 2022. Conversations surrounding #HospitalsTalkToLovedOnes were extracted and subjected to natural language processing analysis using term frequency and Markov chain analysis. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed on the 10% most interacted tweets and of tweets mentioning “COVID” from a personal experience-based subset.ResultsWe collected 4412 unique tweets made or interacted by 7040 Twitter users from 142 different countries. The most frequent words were patient, hospital, care, family, loved and communication. Thematic analysis revealed the importance of communication between patients, patients' loved ones and hospitals; showed that patients and their loved ones need support during a patient's hospital journey; and that pediatric care should be the gold standard for adult care. Visitation restrictions due to COVID-19 are just one barrier to communication, others are a lack of phone signal, no space or time for asking questions, and a complex medical system. We formulate 3 recommendations to improve the inclusion of loved ones into the patient's hospital stay.Conclusions“Loved ones are not ‘visitors' in a patient's life”. Irrespective of COVID-19, patient's loved ones need to be included during the patient's hospital journey. Transparent communication and patient empowerment increase patient safety and improve the hospital experience for both the patients and their loved ones. Our findings underline the need for the concept of family-centered care to finally be implemented in adult nursing clinical practice.
Association between the temperature difference and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A time-series analysis with 143,318 hospital admissions in Beijing, China
Authors: Fu Jia , Liu Yanbo , Zhao Yakun , Chen Yuxiong , Chang Zhenge , Xu Kai-Feng , Huang Cheng , Fan Zhongjie 
Published: January 2023

PurposeAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) has the adverse influence on quality of life and creates significant healthcare costs. However, there were sparse studies investigating the correlation between AECOPD hospital admissions and temperature change. Therefore, it is noteworthy to investigate the impact of various temperature differences and recognize the susceptible population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of temperature differences on AECOPD hospital admissions, and to give potentially helpful material for disease preventative efforts.MethodsThe distributed lag non-linear model was adopted to characterize the exposure-response relationship and to assess the impact of temperature difference. The stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted to determine the susceptible populations and examine the robustness of the results.ResultsThere were 143,318 AECOPD hospital admissions overall during the study period. The AECOPD hospital admissions had significant association with the daily mean temperature difference (DTDmean) such as the extreme-cold temperature difference (1st DTDmean), the ultra-cold temperature difference (5th DTDmean), the ultra-hot temperature difference (95th DTDmean) and the extreme-hot temperature difference (99th DTDmean). Besides, there was the “U-shaped” association between DTDmean and 21 days cumulative relative risk of AECOPD.ConclusionThe AECOPD hospital admissions was correlated with the DTDmean temperature differences, especially the extreme-cold and extreme-hot temperature difference. Moreover, people older than 65 years were more susceptible to the extreme-hot and extreme-cold temperature difference.
Temporal dynamic characteristics of human monkeypox epidemic in 2022 around the world under the COVID-19 pandemic background
Authors: Cao Yanxiang , Li Meijia , Haihambo Naem , Wang Xinni , Zhao Xixi , Wang Bin , Sun Meirong , Guo Mingrou , Han Chuanliang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe reemergence of the monkeypox epidemic has aroused great concern internationally. Concurrently, the COVID-19 epidemic is still ongoing. It is essential to understand the temporal dynamics of the monkeypox epidemic in 2022 and its relationship with the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, we aimed to explore the temporal dynamic characteristics of the human monkeypox epidemic in 2022 and its relationship with those of the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodsWe used publicly available data of cumulative monkeypox cases and COVID-19 in 2022 and COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 for model validation and further analyses. The time series data were fitted with a descriptive model using the sigmoid function. Two important indices (logistic growth rate and semi-saturation period) could be obtained from the model to evaluate the temporal characteristics of the epidemic.ResultsAs for the monkeypox epidemic, the growth rate of infection and semi-saturation period showed a negative correlation (r = 0.47, p = 0.034). The growth rate also showed a significant relationship with the locations of the country in which it occurs [latitude (r = –0.45, p = 0.038)]. The development of the monkeypox epidemic did not show significant correlation compared with the that of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2022. When comparing the COVID-19 epidemic with that of monkeypox, a significantly longer semi-saturation period was observed for monkeypox, while a significant larger growth rate was found in COVID-19 in 2020.ConclusionsThis novel study investigates the temporal dynamics of the human monkeypox epidemic and its relationship with the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, which could provide more appropriate guidance for local governments to plan and implement further fit-for-purpose epidemic prevention policies.
The burden of Hepatitis B virus infection in Kenya: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Makokha Grace Naswa , Zhang Peiyi , Hayes C. Nelson , Songok Elijah , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundChronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver cirrhosis and cancer and is a major public health concern in Kenya. However, so far no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to estimate the burden of disease in the country. A better understanding of HBV infection prevalence will help the government implement efficient strategies at eliminating the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis was therefore conducted to summarize and update the available information on the burden of HBV in Kenya.MethodWe systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals OnLine, and Google Scholar databases to retrieve primary studies conducted between January 1990 and June 2021 that assessed the prevalence of HBV infection in Kenya based on measurement of the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg). Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model where HBsAg prevalence was estimated at a 95% confidence interval (CI) after simple pooling analysis. Potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated.ResultsFifty studies were included in the meta-analysis with a sample size of 108448. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of HBV in Kenya was 7.8% (95% CI: 5.8–10.1). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence among patients presenting with jaundice at 41.7% (95% CI: 13.5–73.3) whereas blood donors had the lowest prevalence at 4.1% (95% CI: 2.4–6.3). Prevalence in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals was 8.2% (95% CI: 5.8–11.0). An estimate of the total variation between studies revealed substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 99%) which could be explained by the study type, the risk status of individuals, and the region of study.ConclusionWe present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of HBV in Kenya. Our results show that the burden of HBV in Kenya is still enormous. This calls for an urgent need to implement public health intervention measures and strategic policies that will bring the disease under control and lead to final elimination.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=264859, identifier: CRD42021264859.
NV-centers in SiC: A solution for quantum computing technology?
Authors: Khazen Khashayar , von Bardeleben Hans Jurgen 
Published: January 2023

Spin S = 1 centers in diamond and recently in silicon carbide, have been identified as interesting solid-state qubits for various quantum technologies. The largely-studied case of the nitrogen vacancy center (NV) in diamond is considered as a suitable qubit for most applications, but it is also known to have important drawbacks. More recently it has been shown that divacancies (VSiVC)° and NV (VSiNC)- centers in SiC can overcome many of these drawbacks such as compatibility with microelectronics technology, nanostructuring and n- and p-type doping. In particular, the 4H-SiC polytype is a widely used microelectronic semiconductor for power devices for which these issues are resolved and large-scale substrates (300mmm) are commercially available. The less studied 3C polytype, which can host the same centers (VV, NV), has an additional advantage, as it can be epitaxied on Si, which allows integration with Si technology. The spectral range in which optical manipulation and detection of the spin states are performed, is shifted from the visible, 632 nm for NV centers in diamond, to the near infrared 1200–1300 nm (telecom wavelength) for divacancies and NV centers in SiC. However, there are other crucial parameters for reliable information processing such as the spin-coherence times, deterministic placement on a chip and controlled defect concentrations. In this review, we revisit and compare some of the basic properties of NV centers in diamond and divacancies and NV centers in 4H and 3C-SiC.
Postoperative results of laparoscopic lateral suspension operation: A clinical trials study
Authors: Aksin Şerif , Andan Cengiz 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPelvic organ prolapse surgery carries potential risks, and Laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) surgery is being performed in increasing numbers with advances in minimally invasive surgery. Our study aims to report the postoperative results of LLS operations.Patients and Methods41 patients at POP Q stage 2 and above underwent LLS operations in a tertiary center between 2017 and 2019. Postoperative patients 12 (12–37) months and older were evaluated in terms of anterior and apical compartments.ResultsIn our study, laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) was applied to 41 patients. The mean age of all patients was 51.45 ± 11.51, and the operation time was 71.13 ± 18.70 min, The mean hospital stay was 1.35 ± 0.4 days. The apical compartment success rate was 78% and the anterior compartment success rate was 73%. In terms of patient satisfaction, 32 (78.1%) patients were satisfied, While 37 (90.1%) patients did not have abdominal mesh pain, 4 (9.9%) patients had mesh pain. Dyspareunia was not observed.ConclusionsLaparoscopic lateral suspension in pop surgery; Considering the success rate below expectation, some patient groups can be applied as an alternative surgical method.
Genome-Wide Identification and Phylogenetic and Expression Analyses of the PLATZ Gene Family in Medicago sativa L.
Authors: Li Xianyang , He Fei , Zhao Guoqing , Li Mingna , Long Ruicai , Kang Junmei , Yang Qingchuan , Chen Lin 
Published: January 2023

The PLATZ family is a novel class of plant-specific zinc finger transcription factors with important roles in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. PLATZ members have been identified in many plants, including Oryza sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Fagopyrum tataricum, and Arabidopsis thaliana; however, due to the complexity of the alfalfa reference genome, the members of the PLATZ gene family in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have not been systematically identified and analyzed. In this study, 55 Medicago sativa PLATZ genes (MsPLATZs) were identified in the alfalfa “Xinjiangdaye” reference genome. Basic bioinformatic analysis was performed, including the characterization of sequence lengths, protein molecular weights, genomic positions, and conserved motifs. Expression analysis reveals that 7 MsPLATZs are tissue-specifically expressed, and 10 MsPLATZs are expressed in all examined tissues. The transcriptomic expression of these genes is obvious, indicating that these MsPLATZs have different functions in the growth and development of alfalfa. Based on transcriptome data analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we identified 22, 22, and 21 MsPLATZ genes that responded to salt, cold, and drought stress, respectively, with 20 MsPLATZs responding to all three stresses. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the functions of MsPLATZs, and provides ideas for the improvement of alfalfa varieties and germplasm innovation.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Genes in the 20-Hydroxyecdysone Biosynthesis in the Fern Microsorum scolopendria towards Challenges with Foliar Application of Chitosan
Authors: Sripinyowanich Siriporn , Petchsri Sahanat , Tongyoo Pumipat , Lee Taek-Kyun , Lee Sukchan , Cho Won Kyong 
Published: January 2023

Microsorum scolopendria is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the Polypodiaceae family. In this study, we analyzed the effects of foliar spraying of chitosan on growth promotion and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) production in M. scolopendria. Treatment with chitosan at a concentration of 50 mg/L in both young and mature sterile fronds induced the highest increase in the amount of accumulated 20E. Using RNA sequencing, we identified 3552 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to chitosan treatment. The identified DEGs were associated with 236 metabolic pathways. We identified several DEGs involved in the terpenoid and steroid biosynthetic pathways that might be associated with secondary metabolite 20E biosynthesis. Eight upregulated genes involved in cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthetic pathway, five upregulated genes related to the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathways, and several DEGs that are members of cytochrome P450s and ABC transporters were identified. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR confirmed the results of RNA-sequencing. Taken together, we showed that chitosan treatment increased plant dry weight and 20E accumulation in M. scolopendria. RNA-sequencing and DEG analyses revealed key enzymes that might be related to the production of the secondary metabolite 20E in M. scolopendria.
An Experimental Study of the Relation between Mode I Fracture Toughness, KIc, and Critical Energy Release Rate, GIc
Authors: Qiao Yang , Zhang Zong-Xian , Zhang Sheng 
Published: January 2023

The construction of the relation between the critical energy release rate, GIc, and the mode I fracture toughness, KIc, is of great significance for understanding the fracture mechanism and facilitating its application in engineering. In this study, fracture experiments using NSCB and CCCD specimens were conducted. The effects of specimen sizes, loading rate and lithology on the relation between GIc and KIc were studied. GIc was calculated by integrating the load–displacement curve according to Irwin’s approach. Based on the measured KIc and GIc of the rock specimens, a relation between GIc and KIc was found to be different from the classical formula under linear elasticity. It was found that both specimen size and loading rate do not influence this relation.