bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient quantum partial differential equation solver with chebyshev points
Authors: Oz Furkan , San Omer , Kara Kursat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferential equations are the foundation of mathematical models representing the universe’s physics. Hence, it is significant to solve partial and ordinary differential equations, such as Navier–Stokes, heat transfer, convection–diffusion, and wave equations, to model, calculate and simulate the underlying complex physical processes. However, it is challenging to solve coupled nonlinear high dimensional partial differential equations in classical computers because of the vast amount of required resources and time. Quantum computation is one of the most promising methods that enable simulations of more complex problems. One solver developed for quantum computers is the quantum partial differential equation (PDE) solver, which uses the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm (QAEA). This paper proposes an efficient implementation of the QAEA by utilizing Chebyshev points for numerical integration to design robust quantum PDE solvers. A generic ordinary differential equation, a heat equation, and a convection–diffusion equation are solved. The solutions are compared with the available data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We show that the proposed implementation provides a two-order accuracy increase with a significant reduction in solution time.
Examining the relationship between risky sexual behavior and suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents in India
Authors: Maurya Chanda , Muhammad T. , Thakkar Shriya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAddressing the problem of suicidal thoughts in adolescents requires understanding the associated risk factors. Multiple studies have shown that risky sexual behavior affected the adolescents’ psychological health that leads to their suicidal thoughts, behaviors and attempts. This study aimed to identify the association between various risky sexual behaviours and suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents in India. We used data collected from 4221 unmarried adolescent boys and 5987 unmarried adolescent girls aged 10–19 years, from the two rounds of the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) survey. Descriptive analysis was done to observe changes in the selected variables from wave-1 to wave-2. Random effect regression analysis was used to estimate the association of suicidal thoughts among unmarried adolescents with their risky sexual behaviours. The percentage of adolescent boys having suicidal thoughts increased from 1.35% in wave 1 to 2.19% in wave 2. Among adolescent girls, the percentage increased from 2.92% in wave 1 to 5.05% in wave 2. A proportion of 3.26% adolescent boys had more than one sexual partner during wave 1 whereas in wave 2, it rose to 8.71%, while in case of adolescent girls, the estimates only increased from 0.26% at wave 1 to 0.78% at wave 2. Nearly 4.55% boys and 1.37% girls had early sexual debut. Almost five percentage boys were sexually active at wave 1 whereas in wave 2, it rose to 13.56%, while among adolescent girls, the estimates decreased from 1.54% at wave 1 to 1.51% at wave 2. Contraceptive use increased over time among both adolescent boy and girls. Also, a large proportion of adolescent boys reported watching pornography (27.08% at waive 1 and 49.39% at wave 2) compared to adolescent girls (4.46% at wave 1 and 13.10% at wave 2). Adolescents who had more than one sexual partner [Coef: 0.04; p < 0.001], exposed to early sexual debut [Coef; 0.019; p < 0.01], sexually active [Coef: 0.058; p < 0.001] and reported watching pornography [Coef: 0.017; p < 0.001] were more likely to have suicidal thoughts. Adolescent boys and girls with risky sexual behaviors are likely to be at a higher risk of suicidal ideation, and thus, they should be treated with special care and attention by local healthcare practitioners.
Immunosuppression for immune-related adverse events during checkpoint inhibition: an intricate balance
Authors: Verheijden Rik J. , van Eijs Mick J. M. , May Anne M. , van Wijk Femke , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed perspectives for patients with cancer, but come with severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To prevent fatality or chronicity, these irAEs are often promptly treated with high-dose immunosuppressants. Until recently, evidence on the effects of irAE management on ICI efficacy has been sparse. As a result, algorithms for irAE management are mostly expert-opinion based and barely consider possible detrimental effects of immunosuppressants on ICI efficacy. However, recent growing evidence suggests that vigorous immunosuppressive management of irAEs comes with unfavourable effects on ICI efficacy and survival. With expansion of the indications of ICIs, evidence-based treatment of irAEs without hampering tumour control becomes more and more important. In this review, we discuss novel evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the effects of different irAE management regimens including corticosteroids, TNF inhibition and tocilizumab on cancer control and survival. We provide recommendations for pre-clinical research, cohort studies and clinical trials that can help clinicians in tailored irAE management, minimising patients’ burden while maintaining ICI efficacy.
Non-thermal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid eventually emerging from hot electrons in the quantum Hall regime
Authors: Suzuki Kotaro , Hata Tokuro , Sato Yuya , Akiho Takafumi , Muraki Koji , Fujisawa Toshimasa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDynamics of integrable systems, such as Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquids, is deterministic, and the absence of stochastic thermalization processes provides unique characteristics, such as long-lived non-thermal metastable states with many conserved quantities. Here, we show such non-thermal states can emerge even when the TL liquid is excited with extremely high-energy hot electrons in chiral quantum-Hall edge channels. This demonstrates the robustness of the integrable model against the excitation energy. Crossover from the single-particle hot electrons to the many-body TL liquid is investigated by using on-chip detectors with a quantum point contact and a quantum dot. The charge dynamics can be understood with a single-particle picture only for hot electrons. The resulting electron-hole plasma in the TL liquid shows a non-thermal metastable state, in which warm and cold electrons coexist without further thermalization. The multi-temperature constituents are attractive for transporting information with conserved quantities along the channels.
Trajectory feature extraction and multi‐criteria k nearest neighbour based job‐to‐crowd matching for the crowdshipping last mile delivery
Authors: Tsai Pei‐Wei , Xue Xingsi , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSustainable freight transportation is one of the essential concepts in the smart city. Under this concept, many people connected with mobile devices produce location data and potential opportunities for transporting small objects in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable way. Crowdshipping, which utilises public people as transportation, is one of the terminal solutions in the last mile delivery scenario. Nevertheless, precisely assigning the delivery to the right crowd willing to accept the job is challenging because the solution space is too large to perform a full search. This article proposes a trajectory feature extraction algorithm and a task‐to‐crowd matching (T2CM) algorithm for coping with the job‐to‐crowd assignment problem. A simulation based on the real‐world dataset is conducted on three different scenarios to justify the outcome from our proposed method to the job assignment results.
Hautveränderungen als Schlüssel zur Diagnose systemischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Mettang Thomas , Streit Markus 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie meisten krankhaften Hautveränderungen betreffen nur die Haut selbst. Gelegentlich allerdings zeigt die Haut auch bei nicht primär dermatologischen Erkrankungen mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Symptome. Einige davon sind so typisch, dass sie als eigentlicher diagnostischer Schlüssel betrachtet werden können. Dieser Beitrag stellt zehn solcher Hautveränderungen vor, die auch für Internisten und Allgemeinmediziner bedeutsam sind.
Hautzeichen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Vogt Annika , Stieler Karola Maria , Blume-Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungRheumatologische Erkrankungen können sich in einer großen Vielfalt an der Haut manifestieren. Das Spektrum reicht von flüchtigen Exanthemen bis zu tiefer Sklerosierung, Vaskulitis und Pannikulitis. Dank der Zugänglichkeit für Inspektion, Dermatoskopie, Palpation und Biopsien können dermatologische Mitbeurteilungen wertvolle Hinweise für die diagnostische Einordnung geben. Während bei einigen rheumatologischen Erkrankungen, wie kutanem Lupus erythematodes oder Sklerodermie, spezifische Hautzeichen leicht mit dem Auge zu erkennen oder mit den Fingern zu ertasten sind, sind Hautzeichen wie Exantheme, leukozytoklastische Vaskulitis oder Erythema nodosum klar definierte Entitäten, die jedoch verschiedene Ursachen haben können. Gerade im Kindesalter müssen die häufigen, transienten infektassoziierten Varianten von immunologischen Grunderkrankungen abgegrenzt werden. Die Symptome sind teilweise inkomplett oder atypisch und können weiteren Manifestationen vorausgehen, was interdisziplinäre Verlaufsbeurteilungen erfordert. Die hier vorgestellten Hautzeichen rheumatologischer Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Adoleszentenalter illustrieren den Wert einer engen interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit.
Psychodermatologie: Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten und Anregungen für den Dermatologen
Authors: Rapp Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungFür Dermatologen gibt es viele unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten, ihre psychodermatologischen Patienten besser zu verstehen und zu behandeln. Die Integration einer biopsychosozialen Perspektive kann zu mehr Zufriedenheit bei der Arbeit und einer verbesserten Arzt-Patient-Beziehung führen.
Interaction of Some Amino-Nitrile Derivatives with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1) Using a Theoretical Model
Authors: Figueroa-Valverde Lauro , Díaz-Cedillo Francisco , Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela , Alvarez-Ramirez Magdalena , Mateu-Armad Maria Virginia , López-Ramos Maria , López-Gutierrez Tomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground Some studies indicate that the angiogenesis process is related to vascular endothelial growth factor, which can interact with endothelial cell surface receptors (VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, and VEGF-R3); this biochemical process and other factors result in the promotion and growth of new blood vessels under normal conditions. However, some studies indicate that this phenomenon could also occur in cancer cells. It is important to mention that some amino derivatives have been prepared as VEGF-R1 inhibitors; however, their interaction with VEGF-R1 is not clear, perhaps due to different experimental approaches or differences in their chemical structure.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the theoretical interaction of several amino-nitrile derivatives (Compounds 1 to 38) with VEGF-R1.Methods The theoretical interaction of amino-nitrile derivatives with VEGF-R1 was carried out using the 3hng protein as the theoretical model. In addition, cabozantinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and sorafenib were used as controls in the DockingServer program.Results The results showed different amino acid residues involved in the interaction of amino-nitrile derivatives with the 3hng protein surface compared with the controls. In addition, the inhibition constant (Ki) was lower for Compounds 10 and 34 than for cabozantinib. Other results show that Ki for Compounds 9, 10, 14, 27–29 and 34–36 was lower in comparison with pazopanib, regorafenib, and sorafenib.Conclusions All theoretical data suggest that amino-nitrile derivatives could produce changes in the growth of some cancer cell lines through VEGFR-1 inhibition. Therefore, these amino-nitrile derivatives could be a therapeutic alternative to treat some types of cancer.
Screening zur Einschätzung des psychosozialen
Nachsorgebedarfs in der pädiatrischen Onkologie (NPO-11) für
Selbst- und Elternbericht
Authors: Kulisch Leonard Konstantin , Herrmann Jessy , Herzog Kristina , Graf Einsiedel Hagen , Kamm-Thonwart Remo , Hoffmann Rahel , Jäschke Yvonne , Martini Julia , Schepper Florian 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Krebserkrankungen bei Kindern sind mit einem erhöhten
Risiko für psychosoziale Belastungen assoziiert. Zur quantitativen und
qualitativen Bedarfseinschätzung nach psychosozialer Nachsorge liegen
bisher keine Instrumente vor. Mit dem NPO-11 wurde nun ein ökonomisches
Screening entwickelt.
Patient:innen und Methoden 11 dichotome Items erfassen die Bereiche
Progredienzangst, Traurigkeit, Antrieblosigkeit, Selbstwertprobleme, Schul- und
Ausbildungsprobleme, somatische Beschwerden, emotionaler Rückzug,
soziale Desintegration, Pseudoreife, Eltern-Kind-Konflikte sowie
Elternpaar-Konflikte entweder im Selbst- oder Elternbericht. Zur
psychometrischen Überprüfung wurde der NPO-11 an N=101
Eltern-Kind-Dyaden getestet.
Ergebnisse Selbst- und Elternberichtversion zeigten eine gute
Ausfüllgüte mit Zustimmungsraten ohne Boden- oder Deckeneffekte.
Die Interrater-Reliabilität der 11 Items war ausreichend bis moderat.
Faktorenanalytisch konnte die Gültigkeit eines Gesamtwerts nachgewiesen
werden. Dieser zeigte für Selbst- und Elternbericht eine ausreichende
bzw. gute interne Konsistenz sowie hohe Validität durch Korrelationen
mit gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität.
Schlussfolgerung Mit dem NPO-11 wurde ein reliables und valides Screening
zur Einschätzung des psychosozialen Nachsorgebedarfs in der
pädiatrischen Onkologie entwickelt. Bei dem Übergang von
stationärer zu ambulanter Behandlung kann die Einschätzung zur
Intensität notwendiger, psychosozialer Interventionen
unterstützt sowie zugehörige Themenfelder identifiziert
werden.
Surgical Training Simulators for Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gill P. , Levin M. , Farhood Z. , Asaria J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRhinoplasty training currently follows an apprenticeship model that is largely observational. Trainees have limited experience in performing maneuvers of this complex surgery. Rhinoplasty simulators can address this issue by providing trainees with the opportunity to gain surgical simulator experience that could improve technical competences in the operating room. This review amalgamates the collective understanding of rhinoplasty simulators described to date. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, PubMed, OVID Embase, OVID Medline, and Web of Science databases were all searched for original research on surgical simulators for rhinoplasty education and reviewed by independent reviewers. Articles underwent title and abstract screening, and then relevant articles underwent full-text review to extract simulator data. Seventeen studies, published between 1984 and 2021, were included for final analysis. Study participant numbers ranged from 4 to 24, and included staff surgeons, fellows, residents (postgraduate year 1–6), and medical students. Cadaveric surgical simulators comprised eight studies, of which three were with human cadavers, one study was a live animal simulator, two were virtual simulators, and six were three-dimensional (3D) models. Both animal and human-based simulators increased the confidence of trainees significantly. Significant improvement in various aspects of rhinoplasty knowledge occurred with implementation of a 3D-printed model in rhinoplasty education. Rhinoplasty simulators are limited by a lack of an automated method of evaluation and a large reliance on feedback from experienced rhinoplasty surgeons. Rhinoplasty simulators have the potential to provide trainees with the opportunity for hands-on training to improve skill and develop competencies without putting patients in harm's way. Current literature on rhinoplasty simulators largely focuses on simulator development, with few simulators being validated and assessed for utility. For wider implementation and acceptance, further refinement of simulators, validation, and assessment of outcomes is required.
Palladium-Catalyzed Dearomatization of Benzothiophenes: Isolation and Functionalization of a Discrete Dearomatized Intermediate
Authors: Intelli Andrew John , Pal Mohan , Altman Ryan A. , Selvaraju Manikandan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative dearomatization reaction of a heterocyclic substrate enables access to an uncommon reaction intermediate that rearomatizes in the presence of amine bases in a net C–H functionalization sequence. The dearomatized benzo[b]thiophene intermediate bears an exocyclic alkene that can be functionalized through cycloaddition and halogenation reactions to deliver complex heterocyclic products.
Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted and 2,2,3-Trisubstituted 1,4-Dioxane-Derived Building Blocks
Authors: Vashchenko Bohdan V. , Bondarenko Andriy V. , Kozyriev Yevhenii K. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn approach to the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted and 2,2,3-trisubstituted 1,4-dioxane-derived building blocks is described. The reaction sequence commenced from dimethyl- or spirocyclobutyl-substituted oxiranes bearing an additional benzyloxy group as the starting materials. The key step of the 1,4-dioxane ring construction included oxirane ring opening with ethylene glycol monolithium salt, followed by the two-step cyclization of the diols obtained. The utility of the method was demonstrated by multigram preparation (up to 300 g; 30 g average scale of the final products) of 2,2-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane and 5,8-dioxaspiro[3.5]nonane building blocks, i.e. carboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, aldehyde, ketones, and bromides. Additional synthetic possibilities were shown by the preparation of selected examples of 1,4-dioxane-containing acetylenes, thiols, sulfonyl halides, and sulfonamides.
Malignant Hyperthermia Like Manifestations during Management of Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Srinivas Deepti , Keshavan Venkatesh , Kamath Vikram , Manmadhan Manju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractManagement of refractory status epilepticus is challenging for a neurointensivist consequent to systemic complexities associated with various drugs and modalities involved in its treatment. We report one such case that manifested with multiple signs of malignant hyperthermia following use of isoflurane to control seizures. However, the delayed and random occurrence of the signs and negative genetic test report raises doubts regarding the final diagnosis. Delayed presentation of malignant hyperthermia has been reported earlier. Unavailability of dantrolene sodium handily is a major hurdle in treating such cases. We enumerate management of the patient in our intensive care unit.
The “Blast” Behind Jerky Eyes
Authors: Singh Jasmine , Randev Shivani , Azad Chandrika , Kaur Harkirat , Guglani Vishal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOpsoclonus is defined as hyperkinetic, omnidirectional, spontaneous, and involuntary chaotic eye movements. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome is addressed by many names including “dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome,” “Kinsbourne syndrome,” and “infantile polymyoclonia.” The early accounts of the clinical syndrome date back to 1962 when Marcel Kinsbourne described six cases of this phenotype. However, it was not until 1968 the association with occult neuroblastoma was first reported. We report the video of a 1-year-old boy who presented with this syndrome for a duration of 3 months. He was diagnosed to have an abdominal neuroblastoma and was treated with resection of the tumor and administration of intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone. He showed complete resolution of symptoms. The syndrome is difficult to recognize and might be confused with seizures, tremors, or chorea; hence, it is important that residents learnt to recognize this syndrome and look for an underlying tumor actively.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients Regarding Hereditary Breast-Ovarian Cancer Syndrome at a Tertiary Cancer Institute: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Pramanik Raja , Vats Shubhra , Mitra Sanchita , Deo SVS , Kumar Lalit , Gogia Ajay , Khurana Sachin , Batra Atul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome affects a significant proportion of our breast and ovarian cancer patients. Mutations in genes, for example, BRCA1 and 2, confer a high risk of acquiring certain malignancies, including breast cancer in both men and women, and ovarian cancer in women. Mutation carriers provide a unique opportunity for healthcare professionals to intensively screen and detect malignancy at an early and curable stage. But, patient awareness and acceptance are the keys to the success of these strategies.
Objective There is a need to assess the awareness of the patients in this field as the patients come from varied backgrounds, and differ in their socioeconomic profiles, educational backdrop, and cultures. In this study, done prior to establishing our cancer genetics clinic, we evaluated the knowledge and attitude toward HBOC in patients with breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Materials and Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients registered in IRCH-AIIMS, who has a diagnosis of breast cancer or ovarian cancer using a self-administered questionnaire based on knowledge and attitude. The sample population included 84 women aged between 25 and 80 years. A binary response was given to knowledge questions, whereas a categorical response was given to attitude questions. The overall data was computed using STATA v13 software.
Results According to the findings of the study, 39.3% (5.11/13) of the patients were aware of hereditary cancer. Knowledge among the targeted population was poor, but 72.1% (37.5/52) of the population had a neutral attitude toward learning more about hereditary cancer tests. Only 23/84 (27%) people had heard of genetic counseling. Seventy of eighty-four (83%) patients agreed that they would opt for a genetic test if indicated. While 60/84 (72%) of the population wanted to interact with a counselor over a telephonic call, only 41/84 (49%) wanted to interact in person.
Conclusion We concluded from the study that breast and ovarian cancer patients in our clinic have little understanding of HBOC syndrome but have a neutral attitude toward learning more about it.