bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Gleason Score in Determining the Presence of Skeletal Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients: a Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Nasir Taimoor , Aamer Syeda Neha , Waqar Saman , Omer Wafa 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the cut-off values for serum Prostate Specific Antigen and Gleason score for predicting bone metastasis of Prostate cancer.
Methodology:
This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from 2015 to 2018. 330 patients of Prostate cancer were enrolled in the study. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Gleason Scores (GS) were determined using commercially available ELECSYS® assays in the Modular Analytics E170 (Roche Diagnostics) and histopathology respectively. Tc99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was used to perform the Bone scan. Any correlation between these variables was nvestigated to determine a cut-off value for PSA and GS.
Results:
Out of the total 330 patients included in the sample, BS was positive for metastasis in 186 (56.4%) patients and negative in 144 (43.6%) patients. Amongst these 186 positive patients, 5 (2.7%) had PSA < 20 ng/ml, 174 (93.5%) had PSA between 20 and 90 ng/ml, and 9 (4.8%) had PSA > 90 ng/ml. Out of the 144 patients with negative BS, 142 (98.6%) had PSA < 20ng/ml. Only 2 (1.4%) had PSA in the range of 20 and 90 ng/ml, while none had PSA > 90 ng/ml. In the 147 patients with PSA < 20 ng/ml, 142 (96.6%) did not have any skeletal metastases. Of the 183 patients with PSA > 20 ng/ml, 181 (98.9%) had positive bone scans. Using a cut-off value of 20 ng/ml for serum PSA, 142 unnecessary scans would have been unnecessary.
Out of the 186 patients with positive bone scan (BS), 3 (1.6%) patients had GS < 7, 160 (86.0%) patients had GS between 7 and 9, and 23 (12.4%) patients had GS > 9. Out of the 144 patients with negative BS, 84 (58.3%) had GS < 7, 60 (41.7%) had GS between 7 and 9, and none of the patients had a GS more than 9. Of the 87 patients with GS < 7, 3 (3.4%) patients had a positive BS while 84 (96.6%) patients had a negative BS. Of the 243 patients with GS > 7, 183 (75.3%) had a positive BS while 60 (24.7%) patients had a negative GS. These results indicate that a GS > 7 cannot be reliably used to rule in the need for a BS in patients with Prostate cancer.

Conclusion:
Our study reports that serum PSA < 20 ng/ml can be safely used to omit a bone scan. It also suggests that Gleason Score < 7 nullifies the need to conduct a bone scan. However, serum PSA is a better and more reliable indicator of bone metastases as it has better sensitivity and specificity values as compared to GS. If these results are applied in hospitals all over the country, we can significantly reduce the burden on our resources and prevent unnecessary, low-yield diagnostic tests from being carried out.
Prevalence Of Parafunctional Habits And Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms In Young Individuals Reporting To Watim Dental Hospital
Authors: Khan Aleshba Saba , Sana Aleeza , Sufian Zarah , Afreen Ammarah , Shakoor Asma , Shuja Eruj 
Published: July 2023

Objective: This study aims to identify the prevalence of parafunctional habits and common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in young individuals reporting to the Watim Dental College
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by a survey and clinical examination over a period of six months from September 2021 to February 2022. Data from 103 patients, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were collected using a structured questionnaire and clinical examination regarding their parafunctional habits and temporomandibular joint symptoms. Informed consent was filled out by all the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. A descriptive analysis was calculated for both quantitative and qualitative variables.
Results: The prevalence of oral parafunctional habits among the study sample was quantified on a binary scale (yes/no) where nail-biting was observed to be highly prevalent (38%), followed by mouth breathing (27%). The most frequently reported temporomandibular joint symptom was noise (clicking or crepitation) which was 66%. Difficulty in mouth opening was the least common (20%) of all the symptoms noted.
Conclusion: It may be concluded from our study that amongst parafunctional habits nail biting is the most common habit amongst young individuals and amongst the temporomandibular joint disorder clicking and crepitation is the most common symptom persistent with the condition.
Keywords: clicking, nail-biting, parafunctional habits, temporomandibular joint symptoms
Frequency Of Depression In Patients With Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Fatima Anam , Shah Faridullah , Khan Hareema Saeed , Rauf Kashif , Ali Safdar , Khan Shahid Ali 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of depression in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2020 to March 2021 on a total sample size of n=100 patients (age 49.84 ± 0.91 years) using a simple random sampling technique, visiting the medical department of the federal government polyclinic hospital, in Islamabad. Patients presenting with macrocytic anaemia secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency were included while the patients with previously diagnosed depression were excluded from the study. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured through the ELISA technique. Patient Healthcare Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was designed and presented to patients with vitamin B12 deficiency for depression assessment. Patients with PHQ-9 score ≤5 were rated as having no depression and the patients with score ≥5 were rated as having depression. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism and the correlation coefficient was measured through non-linear fit and linear regression curves while ordinary ANOVA (non-parametric) was applied for study variables.
Results: The average level of vitamin B12 in the serum and PHQ-9 score were recorded as 158 ± 4.94 (pg/uL) and 5.85 ± 0.30, respectively. Vitamin B12 levels and PHQ-9 score depicted an inverse correlation, however, no association was found between gender and PHQ-9 score.
Conclusion: Data depicted that the patients presenting low levels of vitamin B12 in their serum have shown corresponding high PHQ-9 scores which is an indicator of depression. However, depression prevails in all age groups without any discrimination of gender.
Effects Of Phototherapy On Serum Calcium	Level In Neonates With Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Javaid Qura-tul-Ain , Aziz Salma , Noor-ul-Ain  , Abid Uzma , Afzal Ayesha , Javaid Umer 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To study the frequency of hypocalcemia in neonates receiving phototherapy with indirect hyperbilirubinemia Materials and Methods: Descriptive case series study was conducted from September 5, 2018, to March 5, 2019, in the NICU of the Paediatric Department Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Approval was sought from the hospital’s ethical committee. Neonates fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent from the parents. Before giving phototherapy, serum calcium levels were checked. Phototherapy was given for 48 hours. Serum calcium levels were reassessed after 48 hours of phototherapy. Data was entered on a structured proforma and statistical analysis of data was performed.
Results: Out of 150 patients enrolled in the study 83(55.33%) were male and 67(44.67%) were female. The mean age of patients was 52.52 hours with minimum and maximum ages of 26 hours and 80 hours. The mean Indirect serum bilirubin level was 15.59 ± 2.36. A total of 50(33.33%) cases had hypocalcemia after 48 hours of phototherapy, all of these neonates had normal calcium levels before phototherapy. When hypocalcaemia was stratified for gestational age, birth weight and serum bilirubin levels at baseline, there was no significant difference in the frequency of hypocalcaemia concerning these effect modifiers.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the frequency of hypocalcemia is higher in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia after receiving phototherapy. One needs to be vigilant in dealing with neonates in this context, while serial measurements of calcium levels and monitoring for complications of hypocalcaemia should be included in every institution’s policy
Efficacy Of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss in Primary Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Younas Muhammad Inaamullah , Rauf Faizan , Mustafa Muhammad Sheraz , Janjua Sarmad Nasir , Iqbal Shaheen , Habib Khurram 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in primary total knee replacement.
Material and Methods: A total of 96 patients having a diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis made up the population sample. The Total Knee Replacement patients were separated into two groups. Patients in Group B used Intra venous tranexamic acid, but those in Group A did not use tranexamic acid during the course of the operation or afterwards.
Results: Mean age of the patients recorded in group A 63.79±6.60 (years) and in group B 62.96±7.89 (years). The majority of the patients in both groups were females. After surgery, Group B patients who received tranexamic acid reported less blood loss and less haemoglobin reduction as compared to the control group.
Conclusion: From our study, we conclude that Tranexamic acid used intravenously during total knee arthroplasty considerably lowers postoperative blood loss.
Platelet Distribution Width: A Severity Marker Of Pre Eclampsia, Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Zahir Mariam , Sial Shagufta Saeed , Noreen Humaira 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine mean platelet distribution width in patients with pre-eclampsia.
Study design: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, retrospectively from 01 May 2017 to 01 November 2017 by non-probability consecutive sampling technique.
Materials & Methods: A total of 150 pregnant females with mild and severe pre-eclampsia with gestational age > 20 weeks, and an age limit of 18-40 years were included in the study. Patients having deranged coagulation or multiorgan involvement were excluded. Blood and urine samples were collected at the time of presentation. All the blood pressure readings were confirmed by two readings 4-6 hours apart. Mean ± SD was used to express data values. The mean PDW value was calculated for pregnant females with mild and severe preeclampsia.
Results: In our study Mean PDW in patients with preeclampsia was 15.86± 0.34. The mean PDW for mild preeclampsia was 15.8± 0.35 and for severe preeclampsia 15.98±0.28..
Conclusion: PDW is a useful marker for the prediction of the severity of preeclampsia before the disease progresses to severe preeclampsia and HELLP. Raised values can help the obstetrician to actively manage the patients in time to reduce maternal and fetal mortality.
Association Between Diabetic Control And Anti-Diabetic Medication Adherence Using 8-Point Morisky Medication Adherence Scale In Local Population Of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Siddiqi Fuad Ahmad , Saeed Bilal , Hussain Mehmood , Anwar Wasif , Riaz Sidra , Abbas Naveed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Background: Drug adherence to medications in diabetes is very necessary for strict glycemic control. Many factors in diabetics are associated with low adherence to drugs resulting in complications.
Methods: This research was conducted as an observational study with cross-sectional study design. It was scheduled between July 2022 to December 2022 in medical outpatient department of Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar
Results: 115 individuals were inducted over a period of 6 months from medical OPD ex Combined Military Hospital Peshawar. Five patients failed to follow-up with research team resulting in a total of 110 participants included in results. Average age across the study sample was 50.25 ± 11.97 years with 58 (52.73%) males and 52 (47.27%) females. Most participant in our study sample were educated up to matriculation with BMI <25kg/m2.
Average duration of diabetes across the sample was 6.1 ± 3.69 years. In treatment options, 53 (48.18%) individuals were only managed with oral therapy, 16 (14.55%) on insulin only while 41 (37.27%) were prescribed with both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin. Most common comorbid across study population was hypertension, seen in 59 (53.94%) diabetic patients, followed by cataract in 41 (37.47%) and IHD in 33 (30%) patients.
In all 110 individuals, only 29 (26.36%) individuals had good glycemic control i.e., HbA1c <7% with average glycosylated hemoglobin percentage measuring 8.29% ± 1.59%. As per MMAS-8 score, 25 (22.73%) patients reported good adherence, 31 (28.18%) patients reported fair adherence while rest 54 (49.09%) were found to have bad adherence. Average MMAS-8 score was 5.17.
Conclusion: There is a correlation between medication adherence as measured by MMAS-8 score with control of diabetes as measured by HbA1c score in the range of 1.824% across the range of MMAS-8 score from 0-8. Sleep quality, BMI and multiple comorbid conditions were also linked with raised HbA1c.
Key words: Drug adherence, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Diabetes, Non-diabetes, diabetic medications
DIGITAL MARKETING SEBAGAI STRATEGI PEMASARAN UMKM CIRENG ISI DESA SINDANGLAYA KECAMATAN TANJUNGSIANG
Authors: Gadzali Silvy Sondari , Firdaus Dzaki , Hidayat Wahyu , Karlina Lala 
Published: July 2023

Dengan majunya dunia digital dan internet dapat mempengaruhi dunia pemasaran salah satunya strategi pemasaran melalui digital marketing. Digital marketing ini digunakan sebagai strategi pemasaran guna memasarkan produk atau barang lewat dunia digital dan internet, karena para calon pelanggan dapat dengan mudah memperoleh segala macam informasi mengenai produk dan bertransaksi atau melakukan pembayaran melalui internet. Penjualan UMKM Cireng isi yang ada di desa Sindanglaya selama ini mengharuskan konsumen yang ingin memesan atau membeli produk untuk datang langsung ke lokasi atau memesan lewat WhatsApp untuk melihat produk yang akan dibeli. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memeberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada UMKM Cireng isi desa Sindanglaya mengenai prospek pemasaran lewat digital marketing sebagai strategi pemasaran dalam memasarkan produknya. Tahap pelatihan dan pendampingan terdiri dari beberapa kegiatan yaitu: (1) Pengenalan digital marketing (marketplace), (2) Dokumentasi produk, (3) Pengenalan sosial media, (4) Proses promosi, (5) Tatacara pengiriman barang. Hasil dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat adalah UMKM Cireng isi memiliki akun digital marketing atau marketplace sebagai alat untuk melakukan penjualan dan mempromosikan dagangannya dan pelaku UMKM dapat memahami arti digital marketing dan juga mampu mengelola marketplace sosial medianya.
La genèse d’une galerie de portraits historiques : l’exemple de la série des amiraux de France
Authors: Maroteaux Pauline 
Published: July 2023

Cet article s’intéresse à la série des amiraux de France, un ensemble de soixante et un portraits actuellement conservé dans sa quasi-totalité au musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon. Commandés dans les années 1720 par le comte de Toulouse pour orner l’une des pièces de son hôtel parisien, ces portraits rejoignirent finalement, par le jeu des héritages, les collections du musée versaillais de Louis-Philippe où ils trouvèrent leur place au sein des galeries de portraits consacrées aux grandes personnalités militaires de l’histoire de France. Après une brève présentation historique, cet article se concentre sur l’identification des sources historiques et iconographiques qui ont servi à la réalisation de ces portraits afin d’en comprendre la démarche d’exécution et d’en identifier les principaux acteurs et producteurs. L’analyse proposée de ce corpus si singulier nous permet d’appréhender plus concrètement les séries de portraits rétrospectifs et la façon dont elles étaient conçues au début du xviiie siècle. Ces figures d’amiraux, à mi-chemin entre document historique, œuvre d’art et distraction aristocratique, permettent d’élargir nos connaissances sur les méthodes de travail et les sources utilisées par les peintres de ce genre mineur que sont les portraits historiques à l’époque moderne.
Catalogue de la série de portraits des amiraux de France conservés au musée national des châteaux de Versailles et de Trianon
Authors: Maroteaux Pauline 
Published: July 2023

Ce catalogue des portraits des amiraux de France accompagne notre article : « La genèse d’une galerie de portraits historiques : l’exemple de la série des amiraux de France ». Ces portraits, commandés dans les années 1720 par le comte de Toulouse pour orner la salle des Amiraux de son hôtel parisien, rejoignirent finalement, par le jeu des héritages, les collections du musée versaillais de Louis-Philippe. Ce catalogue présente les caractéristiques matérielles et historiques de ces portraits d’amiraux ainsi qu’un ensemble non exhaustif de sources probables, historiographiques et iconographiques, qui ont servi à les réaliser. L’identification de ces dernières nous aide à comprendre la démarche d’exécution de ces œuvres et d’en identifier les principaux acteurs et producteurs. L’analyse proposée de ce corpus nous permet d’appréhender plus concrètement les séries de portraits rétrospectifs et la façon dont elles sont conçues au début du xviiie siècle. Ces figures d’amiraux, à mi-chemin entre document historique, œuvre d’art et distraction aristocratique, permettent d’élargir nos connaissances sur les méthodes de travail et les sources utilisées par les peintres de ce genre mineur que sont les portraits historiques à l’époque moderne.
THAI STUDENTS’ AWARENESS ATTITUDES OF GLOBAL ENGLISHES PEDAGOGY AND TARGET INTERLOCUTOR
Authors: Miao Fang , Ambele Eric A. 
Published: July 2023

The widespread use of English as a world language has caused changes in the sociolinguistic reality of English speakers, English use, and English-speaking societies. No paradigm has been able to completely capture and account for such changes in the English language given the current changes. In order to reflect the sociolinguistic realities of today, researchers have advocated for a paradigm shift from traditional pedagogy to a new pedagogy that can prepare students to use English in intercultural communication and incorporate multiple varieties of English and cultures. The attitudes of 20 Thai English major students who successfully completed a one-semester Global English language teaching course were investigated using questionnaire and interview data. The analysis included both quantitative and qualitative methods using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis, respectively. The results demonstrated that the 15-week GE-informed pedagogy significantly improved student views toward GE awareness. The students further reported that English should be viewed as a language serving varied communicative needs among different multilingual users and not just native users as target interlocutors. These results call for more GE-awareness pedagogical activities for a better understanding of the practical uses of English and in compliance with global linguistic diversifications.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0003/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFL TERTIARY STUDENTS' PERCEPTION AND PRACTICE WITH LANGUAGE LEARNING BEYOND THE CLASSROOM: THE CASE OF VIETNAM
Authors: Khanh Nguyen Vu , Le Truong Bach 
Published: July 2023

While language teaching is widely acknowledged as preparation for real-life language use, attention is still focused mainly on classroom-bounded learning. However, the development of technology allows language learners to extend their learning opportunities beyond the classroom. Using a mixed method design that included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, this study aims to explore how Vietnamese EFL tertiary students perceive and utilize language learning beyond the classroom (LLBC) resources in learning English. This study finds that the students perceived well the feasibility of the LLBC, and believed in the benefits of LLBC resources and activities in improving pronunciation and vocabulary, listening, and speaking skills. In addition, the students are found also to try to develop strategies for making the most of individual LLBC resources and activities to improve their English proficiency. The study also provides implications for the teachers to prepare and equip themselves with the effective utilization of LLBC resources and activities to provide their students with helpful advice.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0500/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
PODCASTS IN EFL: THE VIEWS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Deda Silvija Hanžić 
Published: July 2023

Podcasts are popular among listeners of all ages. In addition to being educational and entertaining, they are a source of authentic language, featuring a diverse range of speakers, which makes them highly effective in language teaching. The advantages of using podcasts in FL teaching and learning have been documented across different language domains. Additionally, the use of podcasts can have a positive impact on learners' emotional traits such as motivation, self-confidence, and attitudes. It also serves as a foundation for independent and lifelong learning. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and assess podcasts from the perspective of language teachers to maximize their potential as teaching resources. To achieve this, pre-service teachers are observed as both language learners and language teachers, evaluating podcasts as potential teaching materials in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). The first section of this paper provides an overview of research involving podcasts and their impact on foreign language learners’ listening and speaking skills, lexical development, and intercultural communicative competence. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the views and attitudes of pre-service English teachers regarding the implementation of podcasts in EFL, which are presented in the second part. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers are extensively exposed to podcasts in their private time, particularly in English. The majority of participants self-reported certain language improvements that could be attributed to podcast consumption. All participants shared a positive attitude toward using podcasts in their future teaching of EFL from the standpoint of language teachers, granting some boundaries when considering the ages and grade levels of EFL students. Potential differences between senior and junior pre-service teachers, as well as correlations between the included variables, are examined and discussed with respect to their exposure to teaching methodology courses and EFL teaching practice.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0031/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EFFECTIVENESS OF FULLER APPROACH IN TEACHING READING AMONG GRADE 3 PUPILS
Authors: Goyja Christian E. 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Fuller approach in teaching reading among Grade 3 pupils in Domnar-Lopez Copada Integrated Indigenous People School, Maasim 3 district, Division of Sarangani, for the School Year 2021-2022. The study used an experimental single group utilizing pre-test and post-test. Frequency counts and percentage with the used of t-test to determine the significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of Grade 3 pupils utilizing Fuller approach in enhancing the reading capacity. It was found out that fuller approach was effective in enhancing the reading capacity of Grade 3 pupils by the used of different fuller materials.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0008/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>