bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links between industrial livestock production, disease including zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Stevenson Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA range of studies indicates that keeping farm animals in crowded, stressful conditions leads to an increased risk of the emergence, transmission, and amplification of pathogens including zoonoses. Some such zoonoses could lead to a pandemic. Biosecurity, though essential, is not on its own sufficient to prevent the entry of disease into large, intensive livestock housing. To minimize disease risks, both biosecurity measures and the keeping of animals in conditions that are supportive of good health and effective immunocompetence are necessary. A further threat to human health arises from the routine use of antimicrobials in intensive livestock production to prevent disease. This high use of antimicrobials contributes significantly to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in animals, which can then be transferred to people, thereby undermining the efficacy of the antimicrobials that are so important in human medicine. If we want to save our antimicrobials and minimize the risk of future zoonoses and pandemics, we need to move to “health‐oriented systems” for the rearing of animals, systems in which good health is inherent in the farming methods rather than being dependent on the routine use of antimicrobials. Health‐oriented systems should avoid high stocking densities and large group size, should minimize stress and mixing of animals, and ensure that animals can perform their natural behaviors as the inability to do so is highly stressful. They should avoid the use of animals selected for excessive production levels as these appear to involve an increased risk of immunological problems and pathologies.
Discrete‐time extended state observer‐based model‐free adaptive constrained sliding mode control with modified prescribed performance via CFDL and PFDL
Authors: Huang Xiuwei , Dong Zhiyan , Zhang Feng , Zhang Lihua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo tackle the trajectory tracking problem and achieve high control accuracy in many actual nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and input saturation, a novel discrete‐time extended state observer‐based model‐free adaptive constrained sliding mode control with modified prescribed performance is investigated via compact‐form dynamic linearization (CFDL) and partial‐form dynamic linearization (PFDL). Firstly, the original non‐affine system is turned into an affine one comprising an unknown nonlinear term and a linearly parametric term affine to the input via both PFDL and CFDL. Then, a discrete‐time extended state observer (DESO) is used to estimate the lumped disturbance containing the unknown nonlinear time‐varying term and the term relevant to the estimation error of pseudo partial derivative (PPD) parameter. Furthermore, a modified prescribed performance function is introduced in the model‐free adaptive sliding mode control scheme to keep the output tracking error in the prescribed bound without causing any asymmetric offset error in the steady‐state. Meanwhile, to suppress the influence of input saturation on the control system, an anti‐windup compensator is used. Finally, rigorous theoretical analyses show the robust convergence of the tracking error via the proposed CFDL and PFDL‐based methods under external disturbances. Simulations verify the superiority of the modified prescribed performance function, DESO, and anti‐windup compensator in the proposed method. Also, the effects of the PFDL‐based method and the CFDL‐based one are compared during the simulation.
Investigations into Improved Electrochemical Performance of Sn Doped Hard Carbons as Negatives for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tripathi Abhinav , Murugesan Chinnasamy , Naden Aaron , Curran Peter , Kavanagh Chris M. , Condliffe James M. , Armstrong A. Robert , Irvine John T. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHard carbons are the most suitable anode materials for practical sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs). Despite various studies, there is still significant scope for improvement in the understanding of the (de)sodiation mechanisms. Here, we study Sn incorporation in waste derived commercial and model sucrose derived hard carbons and its effect on the electrochemical performance. Sn incorporation leads to improved first cycle coulombic efficiency and capacity, specifically increase in the plateau capacity. An improvement from 220 mAh/g to 285 mAh/g and 325 mAh/g is respectively obtained for 7 % and 15 % Sn in hard carbon‐Sn composites (HC/Sn). Sn incorporation in both hard carbons has been shown to improve the electrochemical performance, notably achieving a synergy with capacities in excess of that expected from simple addition. For example, 7 % Sn additions tend to increase capacity by 25 %, twice that predicted from simple addition. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies show that the number of graphene layers in nano‐graphitic domains is reduced after Sn incorporation with no change in interlayer spacing. Full cells with commercial benchmark cathodes are also presented along with cost analysis of the Sn doping routes in this study to demonstrate the commercial viability of the strategy.
Serum metabolomics probes the molecular mechanism of action of acupuncture on metabolic pathways related to glucose metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome–related obesity
Authors: Yang Nan , Ma Ke , Liu Weidong , Zhang Ning , Shi Zhouhua , Ren Jian , Xu Wanli , Li Yuqiu , Su Riliang , Liang Yanbo , Wang Shijun , Li Xiuyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine syndrome, and obesity is the most common clinical manifestation. Acupuncture is effective in treating PCOS, but the differences in the biological mechanisms of acupuncture therapy and Western medicine treatment have not been determined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to find glucose metabolism–related pathways in acupuncture treatment and differentiate them from Western medical treatment. Sixty patients with PCOS‐related obesity were randomly distributed into three groups: patients receiving (1) acupuncture treatment alone, (2) conventional Western medicine treatment, and (3) acupuncture combined with Western medicine treatment. A targeted metabolomics approach was used to identify small molecules and metabolites related to glucose metabolism in the serum of each group, and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze different metabolic fractions. The results showed acupuncture treatment modulates the activity of citric and succinic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, regulates glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways, and improves the levels of sex hormones and energy metabolism. The intervention effects on the metabolic pathways were different between patients receiving combination therapy and patients receiving acupuncture therapy alone, suggesting that the dominant modulatory effect of Western drugs may largely conceal the efficacy of acupuncture intervention.
Exploring the uncharted: Missing anatomical names in the Terminologia Anatomica
Authors: Chmielewski Piotr Paweł 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEffective communication and precise navigation within the intricacies of the human body rely on robust anatomical terminology. Since its creation by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT), the Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1998) has consistently served as the benchmark in the field. However, the constant advancement of anatomical knowledge requires regular revisions, updates, and enhancements of anatomical nomenclature to accommodate the latest scientific discoveries. The recent adoption of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 2019) by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) has drawn attention to certain notable omissions. Despite over a century of dedicated work establishing standard anatomical terminology, specific widely recognized gross anatomical structures are still absent from the official listing in the Terminologia Anatomica. There is, however, a consensus that the inclusion of names for trivial or variably present structures should be avoided. Accordingly, this article focuses on a thoughtfully selected group of anatomical structures, which are so important that they are routinely discussed during anatomy courses, despite their exclusion from the official lists of anatomical terms. These basic structures hold fundamental importance for both anatomy education and clinical practice. Consequently, their appropriate nomenclature warrants consideration for inclusion in future editions of TA.
Values of tumor volume on magnetic resonance imaging for a surgical approach to endometrial cancer
Authors: López‐González Elga , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Alberto , Rojas‐Luna José Antonio , Daza‐Manzano Cinta , Gómez‐Salgado Juan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between tumor volume in Endometrial Cancer (EC) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and lymph node metastasis to establish which patients benefit from omitting the lymphadenectomy.MethodsA retrospective observational study with 194 patients with EC identified between 2016 and 2021 at the Juan Ramón Jiménez University Hospital, Huelva (Spain) was carried out. Preoperative MRI of 127 patients was assessed. The tumor volume was analyzed on MRI by the ellipsoid formula and another alternative method with a manual ROI in different sections. Risk factors for node metastases were analyzed to understand its relationship and to identify an optimum criterion for the tailored surgery.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed risk factors for lymph node metastases were histological grade (p = 0.001), tumor with a volume greater than >25 cm3 (p < 0.001), lymphovascular space invaded (p = 0.007), and preoperative Ca 125 serum >28 (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor volume index >25 cm3 was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastases. The patients without significant proposed risk factors (volume index >25 cm3 [OR = 0.64], Ca 125 > 28 [OR = 0.32], and high histological grade [OR = 2.6]) did not present lymph node metastases, independent of myometrial invasion.ConclusionsLymphadenectomy can be omitted in patients with Endometrioid carcinoma that do not have any of the following risk factors: high‐grade tumor, elevated Ca 125 (>28), and tumor volume on MRI greater than 25 cm3. Tumor volume might predict the state of lymph nodes in EC and it could give information regarding surgical management.
Examining disparities in large‐scale patient‐reported data capture using digital tools among cancer patients at clinical intake
Authors: Rollison Dana E. , Gonzalez Brian D. , Turner Kea , Jim Heather S. L. , Zhao Yayi , Amorrortu Rossybelle P. , Howard Rachel , Ghia Kavita M. , Ngo Bryan , Reisman Phillip , Moore Colin , Perkins Randa , Keenan Robert J. , Sallman David A. , Naso Cristina M. , Robinson Edmondo J. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Simmons Vani N. , Schabath Matthew B. , Gilbert Scott M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported data can improve quality of healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Moffitt Cancer Center (“Moffitt”) administers the Electronic Patient Questionnaire (EPQ) to collect data on demographics, including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), medical history, cancer risk factors, and quality of life. Here we investigated differences in EPQ completion by demographic and cancer characteristics.MethodsAn analysis including 146,142 new adult patients at Moffitt in 2009–2020 was conducted using scheduling, EPQ and cancer registry data. EPQ completion was described by calendar year and demographics. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between demographic/cancer characteristics and EPQ completion. More recently collected information on SOGI were described.ResultsPatient portal usage (81%) and EPQ completion rates (79%) were consistently high since 2014. Among patients in the cancer registry, females were more likely to complete the EPQ than males (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–1.20). Patients ages 18–64 years were more likely to complete the EPQ than patients aged ≥65. Lower EPQ completion rates were observed among Black or African American patients (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.56–0.63) as compared to Whites and among patients whose preferred language was Spanish (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.36–0.44) or another language as compared to English. Furthermore, patients with localized (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.19) or regional (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.20) cancer were more likely to complete the EPQ compared to those with metastatic disease. Less than 3% of patients self‐identified as being lesbian, gay, or bisexual and <0.1% self‐identified as transgender, genderqueer, or other.ConclusionsEPQ completion rates differed across demographics highlighting opportunities for targeted process improvement. Healthcare organizations should evaluate data acquisition methods to identify potential disparities in data completeness that can impact quality of clinical care and generalizability of self‐reported data.
A Bayesian network meta‐analysis for acute thrombosis after lower extremity artery endovascular treatment
Authors: Teng Lequn , Zhang Yongbao , Fang Jie , Liu Xinnong , Shi Tao , Qu Chengjia , Li Jialiang , Shen Chenyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVarious endovascular treatment devices have been widely used in the lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). Their patency efficiency for target lesions has been well studied and reported. Comparison of the risk of acute thrombosis events between the different endovascular treatment devices is unclear.AimsTo rank the risk of acute thrombosis events when bare metal stents (BMSs), covered stents (CSs), drug‐eluting stents (DESs), drug‐coated balloons (DCBs), and conventional percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) are used to treat LEAD through Bayesian network meta‐analysis.MethodsWe performed a network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the risk of 1‐year postoperative acute thrombosis between BMSs, CSs, DESs, DCBs, and PTA for treating LEAD. Bayesian random models were used for pooled endovascular treatment modality comparisons. We ranked these treatment modalities via the Bayesian method according to their surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) and estimated probabilities.ResultsNineteen studies (38 study arms; 2758 patients) were included. The Bayesian network ranking of treatments indicated that DCB had the lowest risk of acute thrombosis, PTA had the second‐lowest risk of thrombosis, and CS, BMS, and DES had the highest risk of thrombosis. Regarding the treatment efficacy, the OR values of the loss of primary patency were significantly lower for DCB (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.30‐0.62), DES (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.14‐0.94), and CS (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.18,0.56) than for PTA. When BMS was used as a reference, only the OR for CS was significantly lower (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.82). Correspondingly, the Bayesian ranking of treatments from better to worse target lesion primary patency was CS, DES, DCB, BMS, and PTA.ConclusionWith the available research evidence and according to the network analysis ranking, DES appears to have the highest risk of acute thrombosis and DCB appears to have the lowest risk.
MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs as Binder‐Free Anodes for Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Changsheng , Liu Lihao , Wu Kewei , Wang Jie , Yang Hao , Chen Jieai , Zhou Guangpeng , Hu Xuebu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMnSe and Co0.85Se embedded in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs) were synthesized by electrospinning and high‐temperature calcination, and evaluated for the first time as sodium/potassium‐ion battery anode material via constant current charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.Ex‐situ XRD revealed the potassium storage mechanism of MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs, indicating that its capacity was mainly provided by the conversion reaction. Compared with MnSe/N‐CNFs and Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs, the reversible capacity and cycling performance of MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs were significantly improved due to the synergistic effect of bimetals. The MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs electrode showed a charging capacity of 262.3 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1 A g−1 in Na‐ion batteries and a discharge capacity of 183.4 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 in K‐ion batteries, The results showed that binder‐free binary metal MnSe/Co0.85Se/N‐CNFs have a certain development prospect as anode for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries.
Constructing long‐cycling crystalline C3N4‐based carbonaceous anodes for sodium‐ion battery via N configuration control
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Hongguan , Di Shuanlong , Zhai Boyin , Niu Ping , Kelarakis Antonios , Wang Shulan , Li Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCarbon nitrides with two‐dimensional layered structures and high theoretical capacities are attractive as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries while their low crystallinity and insufficient structural stability strongly restrict their practical applications. Coupling carbon nitrides with conductive carbon may relieve these issues. However, little is known about the influence of nitrogen (N) configurations on the interactions between carbon and C3N4, which is fundamentally critical for guiding the precise design of advanced C3N4‐related electrodes. Herein, highly crystalline C3N4 (poly (triazine imide), PTI) based all‐carbon composites were developed by molten salt strategy. More importantly, the vital role of pyrrolic‐N for enhancing charge transfer and boosting Na+ storage of C3N4‐based composites, which was confirmed by both theoretical and experimental evidence, was spot‐highlighted for the first time. By elaborately controlling the salt composition, the composite with high pyrrolic‐N and minimized graphitic‐N content was obtained. Profiting from the formation of highly crystalline PTI and electrochemically favorable pyrrolic‐N configurations, the composite delivered an unusual reverse growth and record‐level cycling stability even after 5000 cycles along with high reversible capacity and outstanding full‐cell capacity retention. This work broadens the energy storage applications of C3N4 and provides new prospects for the design of advanced all‐carbon electrodes.
Strong metal–support interaction boosts the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution capability of Ru nanoparticles supported on titanium nitride
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Xiaoli , Pei Guangxian , Yang Jifa , Liu Junzhe , Zhao Fengwang , Jin Fayi , Jiang Wei , Ben Haoxi , Zhang Lixue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum‐group metal. Herein, based on the idea of strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) regulation, Ru/TiN catalysts with different degrees of TiN overlayer over Ru nanoparticles were fabricated, which were applied to the alkaline electrolytic water. Characterizations reveal that the TiN overlayer would gradually encapsulate the Ru nanoparticles and induce more electron transfer from Ru nanoparticles to TiN support by the Ru–N–Ti bond as the SMSI degree increased. Further study shows that the exposed Ru–TiN interfaces greatly promote the H2 desorption capacity. Thus, the Ru/TiN‐300 with a moderate SMSI degree exhibits excellent HER performance, with an overpotential of 38 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Also, due to the encapsulation role of TiN overlayer on Ru nanoparticles, it displays super long‐term stability with a very slight potential change after 24 h. This study provides a deep insight into the influence of the SMSI effect between Ru and TiN on HER and offers a novel approach for preparing efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts through SMSI engineering.
High‐dimensional variable selection accounting for heterogeneity in regression coefficients across multiple data sources
Authors: Yu Tingting , Ye Shangyuan , Wang Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen analyzing data combined from multiple sources (e.g., hospitals, studies), the heterogeneity across different sources must be accounted for. In this article, we consider high‐dimensional linear regression models for integrative data analysis. We propose a new adaptive clustering penalty (ACP) method to simultaneously select variables and cluster source‐specific regression coefficients with subhomogeneity. We show that the estimator based on the ACP method enjoys a strong oracle property under certain regularity conditions. We also develop an efficient algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for parameter estimation. We conduct simulation studies to compare the performance of the proposed method to three existing methods (a fused LASSO with adjacent fusion, a pairwise fused LASSO and a multidirectional shrinkage penalty method). Finally, we apply the proposed method to the multicentre Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial to identify subhomogeneity in the treatment effects across different study sites.
Clustering and semi‐supervised classification for clickstream data via mixture models
Authors: Gallaugher Michael P. B. , McNicholas Paul D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFinite mixture models have been used for unsupervised learning for some time, and their use within the semisupervised paradigm is becoming more commonplace. Clickstream data are one of the various emerging data types that demand particular attention because there is a notable paucity of statistical learning approaches currently available. A mixture of first‐order continuous‐time Markov models is introduced for unsupervised and semisupervised learning of clickstream data. This approach assumes continuous time, which distinguishes it from existing mixture model‐based approaches; practically, this allows account to be taken of the amount of time each user spends on each webpage. The approach is evaluated and compared with the discrete‐time approach, using simulated and real data.