bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of pneumococcal serotype 7F in vaccine conjugation
Authors: Deng James Z , Jia Xiujuan , Zong Chengli , He Jian , Ha Sha , Zhuang Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a highly invasive bacterial pathogen that can cause a range of illnesses. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are the main virulence factors that causes invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Pneumococcal CPS serotype 7F along with a few other serotypes is more invasive and likely to cause IPD. Therefore, 7F is a target for pneumococcal vaccine development, and is included in the two recently approved multi-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccines, i.e. VAXNEUVANCE and PREVNAR 20.To support process and development of our 15-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV15), chromatographic methods have been developed for 7F polysaccharide and conjugate characterization. A size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method with UV, light scattering and refractive index detections was employed for concentration, size and conformation analysis. A reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (RP-UPLC) method was used for analysis of conjugate monosaccharide composition and degree of conjugation. The collective information obtained by these chromatographic analysis provided insights into the pneumococcal conjugate and conjugation process.
Graphical Abstract
Covid-19 triage in the emergency department 2.0: how analytics and AI transform a human-made algorithm for the prediction of clinical pathways
Authors: Bartenschlager Christina C. , Grieger Milena , Erber Johanna , Neidel Tobias , Borgmann Stefan , Vehreschild Jörg J. , Steinbrecher Markus , Rieg Siegbert , Stecher Melanie , Dhillon Christine , Ruethrich Maria M. , Jakob Carolin E. M. , Hower Martin , Heller Axel R. , Vehreschild Maria , Wyen Christoph , Messmann Helmut , Piepel Christiane , Brunner Jens O. , Hanses Frank , Römmele Christoph ,   on behalf of the LEOSS study group, Spinner Christoph , Ruethrich Maria Madeleine , Lanznaster Julia , Römmele Christoph , Wille Kai , Tometten Lukas , Dolff Sebastian , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Merle Uta , Rothfuss Katja , Isberner Nora , Jung Norma , Göpel Siri , vom Dahl Juergen , Degenhardt Christian , Strauss Richard , Gruener Beate , Eberwein Lukas , Hellwig Kerstin , Rauschning Dominic , Neufang Mark , Westhoff Timm , Raichle Claudia , Akova Murat , Jensen Bjoern-Erik , Schubert Joerg , Grunwald Stephan , Friedrichs Anette , Trauth Janina , de With Katja , Guggemos Wolfgang , Kielstein Jan , Heigener David , Markart Philipp , Bals Robert , Stieglitz Sven , Voigt Ingo , Taubel Jorg , Milovanovic Milena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has pushed many hospitals to their capacity limits. Therefore, a triage of patients has been discussed controversially primarily through an ethical perspective. The term triage contains many aspects such as urgency of treatment, severity of the disease and pre-existing conditions, access to critical care, or the classification of patients regarding subsequent clinical pathways starting from the emergency department. The determination of the pathways is important not only for patient care, but also for capacity planning in hospitals. We examine the performance of a human-made triage algorithm for clinical pathways which is considered a guideline for emergency departments in Germany based on a large multicenter dataset with over 4,000 European Covid-19 patients from the LEOSS registry. We find an accuracy of 28 percent and approximately 15 percent sensitivity for the ward class. The results serve as a benchmark for our extensions including an additional category of palliative care as a new label, analytics, AI, XAI, and interactive techniques. We find significant potential of analytics and AI in Covid-19 triage regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and other performance metrics whilst our interactive human-AI algorithm shows superior performance with approximately 73 percent accuracy and up to 76 percent sensitivity. The results are independent of the data preparation process regarding the imputation of missing values or grouping of comorbidities. In addition, we find that the consideration of an additional label palliative care does not improve the results.
Design and Characterization of Terahertz CORPS Beam Forming Networks
Authors: Biurrun-Quel Carlos , Haddad Thomas , Sievert Benedikt , Kress Robin , Weimann Nils , Erni Daniel , Rennings Andreas , Stöhr Andreas , Teniente Jorge , del-Río Carlos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work reviews the design and applicability of beam-forming networks based on Coherently Radiating Periodic Structures (CORPS-BFN) at Terahertz (THz) frequency bands. These versatile networks offer two operation modes: a continuous beam steering – feeding an antenna array with a linearly progressive phase distribution – using a reduced number of phase controls; or a multi-beam operation, generating independent, overlapped beams. These networks are built upon the concatenation of power combiners/dividers (PCDs) with isolated outputs. The isolation is provided by monolithically integrated resistors, implemented with Ti/TiO$$_2$$

2

thin films for the first time. In this work, a planar prototype of a $$2\times 3$$

2
×
3

(inputs/outputs) microstrip CORPS-BFN for operation in the WR3.4/WM-864 band (220–330 GHz) on a thin 50 $$\mu $$
μ
m Indium Phosphide (InP) substrate is designed, fabricated, and characterized. The measured S-parameters show a reflection coefficient better than -15 dB and an insertion loss between 1.6 and 3.2 dB in the whole band. In addition, an isolation better than 20 dB between the input ports has been measured. An overall remarkable agreement is observed between the measurements and the simulations. Last, the applications, scalability and efficiency of this type of networks at the targeted band are discussed in detail.
Diagnosis of the ecological condition of the drove road network in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (central Spain)
Authors: Azcárate Francisco M. , Hevia Violeta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context
Drove roads are landscape corridors traditionally used for livestock movement in many regions of the world, including Spain, where they cover about 0.8% of the land. They have ecological importance due to their role in connectivity, seed dispersal, soil preservation, habitat and biodiversity conservation, and the provision of ecosystem services. Drove roads are experiencing deterioration due to the abandonment of extensive grazing and transhumance.

Objectives
We aim to characterize the conservation status and main predictors of deterioration of the drove roads in the Community of Madrid, a region in Spain with a high presence of these corridors.

Methods
We considered all the network of the region, with the main analyses based on a sample of 160 segments of 200 m-long, which were evaluated using GIS and fieldwork.

Results
Nearly one third of the network surface is occupied by crops, communication infrastructure, and urban or industrial surfaces. Natural habitats make up 60% of the network and are affected by soil degradation and grazing abandonment. Landscape matrix was the main predictor of drove road status, with urban and cropland matrices leading to a reduction in spatial integrity and availability for natural habitats. Grazing was most preserved in grassland matrices. Eco-district, drove road width, and distance to city center also had influence on conservation status.

Conclusions
Despite their concerning state, the network is restorable in many areas of the region. Restoration should focus on intensified and simplified landscapes, where the network plays a more decisive role, and should consider the reintroduction of livestock.
Non-monetary narratives motivate businesses to engage with climate change
Authors: Luederitz Christopher , Animesh Animesh , Rohrbacher Katrin , Li Tiange , Piper Andrew , Potvin Catherine , Etzion Dror 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dominant narrative to motivate business actors to take climate actions emphasizes opportunities to increase monetary gains, linking sustainability to the financial goals of these organizations. The prevalence of monetary motivations in sustainability communication among businesses, consultancies, academics and international organizations has made this narrative a truism in the private sector. We conducted an online, real-world, large-n experiment to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different motivations using narrative communication. We show that non-monetary narratives highlighting prosocial or achievement motivations are 55% more effective in creating responses from businesses than narratives emphasizing monetary gains. These findings are robust across most narrative and audience characteristics, including age and language. Our findings suggest that communication towards business leaders around sustainability can be multi-pronged and should incorporate prosocial and achievement motivations aside from articulating potential financial benefits.
Robotic surgery in obstetrics and gynecology: a bibliometric study
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Siedhoff Matthew , Wright Kelly N. , Truong Mireille D. , Hamilton Kacey , Brezinov Yoav , Gotlieb Walter , Meyer Raanan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to identify the trends and patterns of robotic surgery research in obstetrics and gynecology since its implementation. We used data from Clarivate’s Web of Science platform to identify all articles published on robotic surgery in obstetrics and gynecology. A total of 838 publications were included in the analysis. Of these, 485 (57.9%) were from North America and 281 (26.0%) from Europe. 788 (94.0%) articles originated in high-income countries and none from low-income countries. The number of publications per year reached a peak of 69 articles in 2014. The subject of 344 (41.1%) of articles was gynecologic oncology, followed by benign gynecology (n = 176, 21.0%) and urogynecology (n = 156, 18.6%). Articles discussing gynecologic oncology had lower representation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) (32.0% vs. 41.6%, p < 0.001) compared with high income countries. After 2015 there has been a higher representation of publications from Asia (19.7% vs. 7.7%) and from LMIC (8.4% vs. 2.6%), compared to the preceding years. In a multivariable regression analysis, journal’s impact factor [aOR 95% CI 1.30 (1.16–1.41)], gynecologic oncology subject [aOR 95% CI 1.73 (1.06–2.81)] and randomized controlled trials [aOR 95% CI 3.67 (1.47–9.16)] were associated with higher number of citations per year. In conclusion, robotic surgery research in obstetrics & gynecology is dominated by research in gynecologic oncology and reached a peak nearly a decade ago. The disparity in the quantity and quality of robotic research between high income countries and LMIC raises concerns regarding the access of the latter to high quality healthcare resources such as robotic surgery.
Pathophysiology and Treatment Opportunities of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Is There a Need for Further Trials?
Authors: Tkaczyszyn Michał , Fudim Marat , Ponikowski Piotr , Biegus Jan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Iron deficiency (ID) complicates heart failure (HF) at different stages of the natural history of the disease; however, this frequent comorbidity is still not comprehensively understood and investigated in terms of pathophysiology. Intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) should be considered to improve the quality of life, exercise capacity, and symptoms in stable HF with ID, as well as to reduce HF hospitalizations in iron-deficient patients stabilized after an episode of acute HF. The therapy with intravenous iron, however, continues to generate important clinical questions for cardiologists.

Recent Findings
In the current paper, we discuss the class effect concept for intravenous iron formulations beyond FCM, based on the experiences of nephrologists who administer different intravenous iron formulations in advanced chronic kidney disease complicated with ID and anemia. Furthermore, we discuss the neutral effects of oral iron therapy in patients with HF, because there are still some reasons to further explore this route of supplementation. The different definitions of ID applied in HF studies and new doubts regarding possible interactions of intravenous iron with sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors are also emphasized.

Summary
The experiences of other medical specializations may provide new information on how to optimally replenish iron in patients with HF and ID.
Recommendations for High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Assessment of Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Strength in Pediatric Populations
Authors: Gabel L. , Kent K. , Hosseinitabatabaei S. , Burghardt A. J. , Leonard M. B. , Rauch F. , Willie B. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches and provide recommendations for imaging bone in pediatric populations using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).

Recent Findings
Imaging the growing skeleton is challenging and HR-pQCT protocols are not standardized across centers. Adopting a single-imaging protocol for all studies is unrealistic; thus, we present three established protocols for HR-pQCT imaging in children and adolescents and share advantages and disadvantages of each. Limiting protocol variation will enhance the uniformity of results and increase our ability to compare study results between different research groups. We outline special cases along with tips and tricks for acquiring and processing scans to minimize motion artifacts and account for growing bone.

Summary
The recommendations in this review are intended to help researchers perform HR-pQCT imaging in pediatric populations and extend our collective knowledge of bone structure, architecture, and strength during the growing years.
What do Retraction Notices Reveal About Institutional Investigations into Allegations Underlying Retractions?
Authors: Xu Shaoxiong Brian , Evans Natalie , Hu Guangwei , Bouter Lex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcademic journal publications may be retracted following institutional investigations that confirm allegations of research misconduct. Retraction notices can provide insight into the role institutional investigations play in the decision to retract a publication. Through a content analysis of 7,318 retraction notices published between 1927 and 2019 and indexed by the Web of Science, we found that most retraction notices (73.7%) provided no information about institutional investigations that may have led to retractions. A minority of the retraction notices (26.3%) mentioned an institutional investigation either by journal authorities (12.1%), research performing organizations (10.3%), joint institutions (1.9%), research integrity and ethics governing bodies (1.0%), third-party institutions (0.5%), unspecified institutions (0.4%), or research funding organizations (0.1%). Comparing retraction notices issued before and after the introduction of retraction guidelines by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in 2009 revealed that those published after the guidelines’ publication were more likely to report investigations by journal authorities. Comparing retraction notices from different disciplines revealed that those from social sciences and the humanities were more likely to disclose investigations by research performing organizations than those from biomedical and natural sciences. Based on these findings, we suggest that the COPE retraction guidelines in the future make it mandatory to disclose in retraction notices institutional investigations leading to retractions.
Perceived threat, injustice appraisal and willingness to join progressive collective action
Authors: Szóstakowski Damian , Besta Tomasz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollective actions are the activities which are aimed at improving social group’s conditions. Presented studies were conducted to examine if perceived threat is connected to the tendency to engage in collective actions, and if this relation is mediated by injustice appraisal and stronger identification with in-group. Four studies were conducted in two social contexts of collective action: newly formed woman’s rights movement with a focus on opposing abortion ban in Poland, and progressive movements advocating equality of marriage for LGBT community. Both topics are strongly present in Polish social debate in recent years. Results show a significant link between perceived group threat and the tendency to participate in group action. This relationship is mediated by injustice appraisal and group identification–the more members of in-group and their allies perceived out-group as threatening, the stronger feeling of unjust treatment and identification with the discriminated groups. In turn identification is connected to the motivation to act collectively.
Deforestation Impacts on Diversity of Orchids with Inference on the Conservation Initiatives: Malaysia Case Study
Authors: Besi Edward Entalai , Mustafa Muskhazli , Yong Christina Seok Yien , Go Rusea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMonitoring the impact of anthropogenic and naturogenic threats on orchid community through diversity, taxonomy and conservation studies is necessary. Reintroduction of these species to their natural habitat associates with their resilience, selection of suitable trees and sites for regeneration and restoration efforts, drives the conservation initiative. Upon obtaining an accurate estimate of the diversity for genetic resource conservation, integrative methods of classical morphological taxonomy, anatomy (micromorphology), and molecular genetics are crucial to solve the taxonomic uncertainty. Changes in microclimatic conditions and habitat structures are the key determinants of both epiphytic and terrestrial orchids assemblages following disturbance. Any assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem service must include variable forest types and management regimes to provide impartial views on the effect of forest and ecological disturbance on the orchid community. Accordingly, a plant-microbial ecology study should be included to study the extent of human-induced climatic variability towards the orchid diversification.
Objective Cost-Informed Cutoff Criteria Improve the Utility of Machine Learning Models of Environmental Hazards: A Case Study of Groundwater Arsenic Distribution in India
Authors: Wu Ruohan , Polya David A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough there are an increasing number of artificial intelligence/machine learning models of various hazardous chemicals (e.g. As, F, U, NO3−, radon) in environmental media (e.g. groundwater, soil), these most commonly use arbitrarily selected cutoff criteria to balance model specificity and sensitivity. This results in models of hazard distribution that, whilst often of considerable interest and utility, are not designed to optimize cost benefits of the mitigation of those hazards. In this case study, building upon recent machine learning modelling of the geographical distribution of groundwater arsenic in India, we show that the use of objective cost-informed criteria not only results in (i) different cutoff values for the classification of areas as of high or low groundwater arsenic hazard but also, more importantly, (ii) a reduction of overall potential (mitigation + testing + health impacts) costs. Further, we show that the change in optimal cutoff values and the reduction in overall costs vary from state to state depending upon locally specific classification-dependent costs, the prevalence of high arsenic groundwaters, the heterogeneity of the distribution of those high arsenic groundwaters, and the extent to which inhabitants are exposed to the hazard. It follows more generally that using cost-optimized criteria will result in different, more objective, and more cost-relevant appropriate balances being made between specificity and sensitivity in modelling environmental hazard distribution in different regions. This indicates also the utility of developing machine learning models at an appropriate local (e.g. country, state, district) scale rather than more global scales in order to better inform local-scale mitigation strategies.
An interdisciplinary approach to the study of kiln firing: a case study from the Campus Galli open-air museum (southern Germany)
Authors: Amicone Silvia , Memmesheimer Alisa , Solard Baptiste , Gur-Arieh Shira , Rogier Martin , Qarni Awais Mohammed , Seidler Johannes , Sconzo Paola , Heinze Lars , Morandi Lionello F. , Kiemle Tobias , Miller Christopher E. , Nickel Klaus G. , Berthold Christoph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPottery kilns are a common feature in the archaeological record of different periods. However, these pyrotechnological installations are still seldom the target of interdisciplinary investigations. To fill this gap in our knowledge, an updraft kiln firing experiment was run at the Campus Galli open-air museum (southern Germany) by a team consisting of experimental archaeologists, material scientists, geoarchaeologists, and palaeobotanists. The entire process from the preparation of the raw materials to the firing and opening of the kiln was carefully recorded with a particular focus on the study of the raw materials used for pottery making, as well as on fuel usage. The temperatures were monitored by thermocouples placed at different positions in the combustion and firing chambers. In addition, thermocouples were installed within the kiln wall to measure the temperature distribution inside the structure itself. Unfired raw materials as well as controlled and experimentally thermally altered ceramic samples were then characterised with an integrated analysis including ceramic petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). Our work provides data about mineralogical and microstructural developments in both pottery kiln structures and the ceramics produced in this type of installations. This is helpful to discuss the limits and potential of various scientific analyses commonly used in ancient ceramic pyrotechnological studies. Overall, our work contributes to a better understanding of updraft kiln technology and offers guidelines on how to address the study of this type of pyrotechnological installations using interdisciplinary research strategies.
Ethics of Quantum Computing: an Outline
Authors: Possati Luca M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper intends to contribute to the emerging literature on the ethical problems posed by quantum computing and quantum technologies in general. The key ethical questions are as follows: Does quantum computing pose new ethical problems, or are those raised by quantum computing just a different version of the same ethical problems raised by other technologies, such as nanotechnologies, nuclear plants, or cloud computing? In other words, what is new in quantum computing from an ethical point of view? The paper aims to answer these two questions by (a) developing an analysis of the existing literature on the ethical and social aspects of quantum computing and (b) identifying and analyzing the main ethical problems posed by quantum computing. The conclusion is that quantum computing poses completely new ethical issues that require new conceptual tools and methods.