bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of suitable optimal control strategy through introspection of different delay induced mathematical models for leprosy: A comparative study
Authors: Ghosh Salil , Roy Amit Kumar , Roy Priti Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInvolving intracellular delay into a mathematical model and investigating the delayed systems by incorporating optimal control is of great importance to study the cell‐to‐cell interactions of the disease leprosy. Keeping this in mind, we have proposed two different variants of delay‐induced mathematical models with time delay in the process of proliferation of Mycobacterium leprae bacteria from the infected cells and a similar delay to indicate the time‐lag both in the proliferation of M. leprae bacteria and the infection of healthy cells after getting attached with the bacterium. In this research article, we have performed a comparative study between these two delayed systems equipped with optimal control therapeutic approach to determine which one acts better to unravel the complexities of the transmission and dissemination of leprosy into a human body as far as scheduling a perfect drug dose regime depending on this analysis remains our main priority. Our investigations suggest that adopting optimal control strategy consisting of combined drug therapy eliminates the oscillatory behavior of the delayed systems completely. Existence of optimal control solutions are demonstrated in detail. To achieve the optimal control profiles of the drug therapies and to obtain the optimality systems, Pontryagin's Minimum principle with delay in state are employed for our controlled systems. Furthermore, the analytical as well as the numerical outcomes obtained in this research article indicate that the delayed bacterial proliferation and M. leprae‐induced infection model equipped with optimal control policy performs more realistically and accurately in the form of a safe and cost‐effective double‐drug therapeutic regimen. All the mathematical results are verified numerically and the numerical results are compared with some recent clinical data in our article as well.
The Bulk Trace FEM for the simultaneous solution of structural membranes on all level sets over a bulk domain
Authors: Fries Thomas‐Peter , Kaiser Michael W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA finite element method for the simultaneous solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) posed on all level sets over some bulk domain is proposed. A level‐set function is used to define ‐dimensional curved manifolds which are bounded by the d‐dimensional bulk domain. The BVPs considered herein model structural ropes and membranes in a large displacement context, resulting in a geometrically non‐linear mechanical model. For the numerical analysis, the bulk domain is discretized using d‐dimensional finite elements which do not conform to the level sets implying the domains of interest. However, they conform to the boundary of the bulk domain. The proposed variant of the FEM is a hybrid between classical and non‐conforming FEMs and may be labeled Bulk Trace FEM. Numerical studies confirm optimal higher‐order convergence rates for the proposed method when simultaneously approximating BVPs on all level sets.
Investigation on process window of 3D printed continuous glass fiber‐reinforced thermosetting composites
Authors: Najafloo Behzad , Rezadoust Amir Masood , Latifi Masoud 
Published: September 2023

Abstract3D‐printed continuous fiber composites offer high strength in desired directions, which has attracted researchers' attention. In general, thermoset composites provide better results than their thermoplastics counterparts due to their higher modulus, low viscosity resin, better fiber impregnation, and proper adhesion to the reinforcing fibers. This study, examined the fabrication of continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoset composites (CFTCs) using 3D printing technology. This investigation focused on the optimization of process parameters for UV‐curable composites. Using systematic experimentation, the proper nozzle diameter (2.0 mm), print thickness (0.6 mm), and print speed (200 mm/min) were determined, resulting in the attainment of optimal fiber weight ratio and impregnation. The optimized CFTC exhibited an exceptional ultimate tensile strength of 276.26 MPa, exceeding existing literature data on printed short fiber composites. Additionally, under flexural loading conditions, an ultimate strength of 76.7 MPa was observed, which is characterized by a more ductile failure than a brittle fracture mode. The results of this research demonstrate the significant potential of 3D‐printed CFTCs and establish a robust process window for achieving exceptional mechanical properties. These findings hold promise for a wide range of applications demanding high‐strength composite materials.Highlights
Continuous fiber reinforced thermoset composites successfully printed.
Determination of a process window for printed CFTCs.
The optimized CFTC exhibited a remarkable ultimate tensile strength of 276.26 MPa.
Ultimate strength of 76.7 MPa was achieved under flexural loading.
Enhanced the properties of carbon‐paste nanocomposite by carboxylation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Shadabfar Mohammad , Ehsani Morteza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Abdouss Majid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present study, attempts were made to manufacture innovative conducting polymer nanocomposites (CPCs) with high performance, low cost, and appropriate electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. However, one of the main challenges in creating CPCs is the tendency of nanofillers to agglomerate and accumulate, resulting in a decrease in the electrical properties and performance of CPCs. To address this issue, the study developed an efficient and eco‐friendly CPC using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as nanofillers. The study employed a chemical functionalization method to modify CNTs and enhance their compatibility and dispersion properties in the CMC matrix. The prepared CPCs were characterized using various techniques, including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed an improvement in homogeneity and surface cohesion between CMC and O‐CNTs through chemical surface modification of CNTs via carboxylic acid functional groups. The study observed good dispersion of nanofillers without any aggregation of the CMC/GNP/O‐CNT compared with the nontreated CMC/GNP/CNT composite. While a decrease in the degree of crystallinity was observed, conductivity increased for the CPC containing oxidized CNTs. The study found that the highest conductivity of ~112 S/m was obtained for D‐CMC/GNP/O‐CNT with 25 wt% of O‐CNT, while the maximum conductivity of D‐CMC/GNP/CNT was ~80 S/m with 35 wt% of CNTs. Additionally, the study observed an improvement in electrochemical properties after treatment of CNTs in the form of higher cathodic current in cyclic voltammetry and lower charge transfer resistance in impedance spectroscopy of D‐CMC/GNP/O‐CNT35 compared to untreated one.Highlights
Preparation of new conductive nanocomposite consisting of CMC, CNTs, and GNPs.
Carboxylation of CNTs to improve O‐CNT and CMC intermolecular interaction
CMC/GNP/O‐CNT is 40% more conductive than unmodified CNT nanocomposite.
Higher thermal stability and mechanical properties were observed by using O‐CNT.
O‐CNT caused higher current density and lower electron transfer resistance for CPCs.
Study on network pharmacology of Ginkgo biloba extract against ischaemic stroke mechanism and establishment of UPLC‐MS/MS methods for simultaneous determination of 19 main active components
Authors: Yin Chun‐Yan , Lian Yuan‐Pei , Xu Jian‐Da , Liu Chan‐Ming , Cai Jia‐Li , Zhu Li , Wang Di‐Jun , Luo Li‐Bo , Yan Xiao‐Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionGinkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an effective substance from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) G. biloba for treating ischaemic stroke (IS). However, its active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to reveal the potential active component group and possible anti‐IS mechanism of GBE.Materials and methodsThe network pharmacology method was used to reveal the possible anti‐IS mechanism of these active ingredients in GBE. An ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous detection of the active ingredients of GBE.ResultsThe active components of GBE anti‐IS were screened by literature integration. Network pharmacology results showed that the anti‐IS effect of GBE is achieved through key active components such as protocatechuic acid, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, and so on. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the possible anti‐IS mechanism of GBE is regulating the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway and other signal pathways closely related to inflammatory response and apoptosis regulation combined with AKT1, MAPK, TNF, ALB, CASP3, and other protein targets. Nineteen main constituents in seven batches of GBE were successfully analysed using the established UPLC‐MS/MS method, and the results showed that the content of protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ginkgolide A, and so forth was relatively high, which was consistent with network pharmacology results, indicating that these ingredients may be the key active anti‐IS ingredients of GBE.ConclusionThis study revealed the key active components and the anti‐IS mechanism of GBE. It also provided a simple and sensitive method for the quality control of related preparations.
RNA interference against the putative insulin receptor substrate gene IRS1 affects growth and development in the pest natural enemy Pardosa pseudoannulata
Authors: Li Xuelai , Li Wei , Zhang Shichang , Sang Wen , Peng Yu , Zhao Yao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsulin signalling pathways play crucial roles in regulating growth and development in insects, but their effects on the growth and development of Arachnids, such as spiders, have rarely been studied. As a valuable pest natural enemy in agricultural fields, the molecular mechanisms of insulin signalling pathway‐mediated growth and development of the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, are of particular interest.RESULTSIn this study, we identified and characterized six insulin signalling pathway genes – InR, InR2, IRS1, PI3K1, PI3K2, and PDK – in Pardosa pseudoannulata. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were used to analyse the relative expression levels of the six genes in different developmental instars and tissues, and in response to starvation treatment. In addition, the function of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS1) gene was investigated using RNA interference technology, which found that IRS1 significantly influenced nutrient content, developmental duration, body weight, and gonad development.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed the roles of six key insulin signalling pathway genes in Pardosa pseudoannulata, and in particular the importance of the IRS1 gene in regulating growth and development in the spider. The results lay the foundation for further research on the internal regulation mechanisms of growth and development in Araneae species, and also provide a reference for the artificial breeding of spiders. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Using interpretable gradient‐boosted decision‐tree ensembles to uncover novel dynamical relationships governing monsoon low‐pressure systems
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLow‐pressure systems (LPSs) are the primary rainbringers of the South Asian monsoon. Yet, their interactions with the large‐scale monsoon circulation, as well as the highly variable land and sea surfaces they pass over, are complex and generally not well understood. In this article, we present a novel, top‐down approach to investigate these relationships and quantify their importance in describing LPS behaviour. We also show that, if the approach is sufficiently well posed, it is productive at hypothesis generation. For each of five predictands (i.e., LPS intensification rate, propagation speed/direction, post‐landfall survival, peak intensity, and precipitation rate) we train an additive decision‐tree ensemble model using the XGBoost algorithm. Shapley value analysis is then applied to the models to determine which variables are important predictors and to establish their relationship with the predictand, with additional analysis following cases of interest. Novel relationships established using this technique include that LPS vorticity intensifies preferentially in the early morning at the same time as the peak in the diurnal cycle of their convection occurs, that vertical wind shear suppresses continued growth of strong LPSs, that large‐scale barotropic instability plays an important role in both the inland penetration and peak intensity of LPSs, and that LPS propagation depends on the depth of its vortex with shallower LPSs advected by low‐level winds and taller LPSs advected by mid‐level winds. We also use this framework to identify and discuss potential new avenues of research for monsoon LPSs.
Free money's ideological nature: A comparative analysis of unconditional cash transfers in Eastern Africa
Authors: Lassak Maria , Schmidt Mario 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article compares two East African unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs and how they have been interpreted by their target populations. While the US‐American NGO GiveDirectly focuses on poor households in Western Kenya in an allegedly unbureaucratic and digital way, the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) distributes cash transfers in a bureaucratic and analogue manner in Tanzania. While the narrative of “free money” instilled fears about occult actors and skepticism toward political hierarchies in some recipients, others considered UCTs as offering an opportunity to enlarge their individual freedom. We argue that this radical difference with regard to how our interlocutors interpreted UCTs was catalyzed by the portrayal of “free money” as a context‐independent carrier and store of value or, in other words, by UCT's socially produced “indeterminacy.”
Reliable Memristor Crossbar Array Based on 2D Layered Nickel Phosphorus Trisulfide for Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Hardware
Authors: Weng Zhengjin , Zheng Haofei , Li Lingqi , Lei Wei , Jiang Helong , Ang Kah‐Wee , Zhao Zhiwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDesigning reliable and energy‐efficient memristors for artificial synaptic arrays in neuromorphic computing beyond von Neumann architecture remains a challenge. Here, memristors based on emerging layered nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3) are reported that exhibit several favorable characteristics, including uniform bipolar nonvolatile switching with small operating voltage (<1 V), fast switching speed (< 20 ns), high On/Off ratio (>102), and the ability to achieve programmable multilevel resistance states. Through direct experimental evidence using transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, it is revealed that the resistive switching mechanism in the Ti/NiPS3/Au device is related to the formation and dissolution of Ti conductive filaments. Intriguingly, further investigation into the microstructural and chemical properties of NiPS3 suggests that the penetration of Ti ions is accompanied by the drift of phosphorus‐sulfur ions, leading to induced P/S vacancies that facilitate the formation of conductive filaments. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the memristor, when operating in quasi‐reset mode, effectively emulates long‐term synaptic weight plasticity. By utilizing a crossbar array, multipattern memorization and multiply‐and‐accumulate (MAC) operations are successfully implemented. Moreover, owing to the highly linear and symmetric multiple conductance states, a high pattern recognition accuracy of ≈96.4% is demonstrated in artificial neural network simulation for neuromorphic systems.
Hybrid Printing of Fully Integrated Microfluidic Devices for Biosensing
Authors: Du Yipu , Reitemeier Julius , Jiang Qiang , Bappy Md Omarsany , Bohn Paul W. , Zhang Yanliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe advent of 3D printing has facilitated the rapid fabrication of microfluidic devices that are accessible and cost‐effective. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate sophisticated microfluidic devices with integrated structural and functional components due to limited material options of existing printing methods and their stringent requirement on feedstock material properties. Here, a multi‐materials multi‐scale hybrid printing method that enables seamless integration of a broad range of structural and functional materials into complex devices is reported. A fully printed and assembly‐free microfluidic biosensor with embedded fluidic channels and functionalized electrodes at sub‐100 µm spatial resolution for the amperometric sensing of lactate in sweat is demonstrated. The sensors present a sensitive response with a limit of detection of 442 nm and a linear dynamic range of 1–10 mm, which are performance characteristics relevant to physiological levels of lactate in sweat. The versatile hybrid printing method offers a new pathway toward facile fabrication of next‐generation integrated devices for broad applications in point‐of‐care health monitoring and sensing.
In Situ Constructing Ultrastable Mechanical Integrity of Single‐Crystalline LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 Cathode by Interior and Exterior Decoration Strategy
Authors: Tan Zhouliang , Li Yunjiao , Lei Changlong , Li Yue , Xi Xiaoming , Jiang Shijie , Wu Feixiang , He Zhenjiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlanar gliding along with anisotropic lattice strain of single‐crystalline nickel‐rich cathodes (SCNRC) at highly delithiated states will induce severe delamination cracking that seriously deteriorates LIBs’ cyclability. To address these issues, a novel lattice‐matched MgTiO3 (MTO) layer, which exhibits same lattice structure as Ni‐rich cathodes, is rationally constructed on single‐crystalline LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (SC90) for ultrastable mechanical integrity. Intensive in/ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations and finite element analysis suggest that the uniform MTO coating layer prevents direct contact between SC90 and organic electrolytes and enables rapid Li‐ion diffusion with depressed Li‐deficiency, thereby stabilizing the interfacial structure and accommodating the mechanical stress of SC90. More importantly, a superstructure is simultaneously formed in SC90, which can effectively alleviate the anisotropic lattice changes and decrease cation mobility during successive high‐voltage de/intercalation processes. Therefore, the as‐acquired MTO‐modified SC90 cathode displays desirable capacity retention and high‐voltage stability. When paired with commercial graphite anodes, the pouch‐type cells with the MTO‐modified SC90 can deliver a high capacity of 175.2 mAh g−1 with 89.8% capacity retention after 500 cycles. This lattice‐matching coating strategy demonstrate a highly effective pathway to maintain the structural and interfacial stability in electrode materials, which can be a pioneering breakthrough in commercialization of Ni‐rich cathodes.
Clinical usefulness of scoring systems to predict severe acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with pre and post‐test probability assessment
Authors: Capurso Gabriele , Ponz de Leon Pisani Ruggero , Lauri Gaetano , Archibugi Livia , Hegyi Peter , Papachristou Georgios I. , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Maisonneuve Patrick , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , de‐Madaria Enrique 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundScoring systems for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) prediction should be used in conjunction with pre‐test probability to establish post‐test probability of SAP, but data of this kind are lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of commonly employed scoring systems and their usefulness in modifying the pre‐test probability of SAP.MethodsFollowing PRISMA statement and MOOSE checklists after PROSPERO registration, PubMed was searched from inception until September 2022. Retrospective, prospective, cross‐sectional studies or clinical trials on patients with acute pancreatitis defined as Revised Atlanta Criteria, reporting rate of SAP and using at least one score among Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination (APACHE)‐II, RANSON, and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) with their sensitivity and specificity were included. Random effects model meta‐analyses were performed. Pre‐test probability and likelihood ratio (LR) were combined to estimate post‐test probability on Fagan nomograms. Pooled severity rate was used as pre‐test probability of SAP and pooled sensitivity and specificity to calculate LR and generate post‐test probability. A priori hypotheses for heterogeneity were developed and sensitivity analyses planned.Results43 studies yielding 14,116 acute pancreatitis patients were included: 42 with BISAP, 30 with APACHE‐II, 27 with Ranson, 8 with SIRS. Pooled pre‐test probability of SAP ranged 16.6%–25.3%. The post‐test probability of SAP with positive/negative score was 47%/6% for BISAP, 43%/5% for APACHE‐II, 48%/5% for Ranson, 40%/12% for SIRS. In 18 studies comparing BISAP, APACHE‐II, and Ranson in 6740 patients with pooled pre‐test probability of SAP of 18.7%, post‐test probability when scores were positive was 48% for BISAP, 46% for APACHE‐II, 50% for Ranson. When scores were negative, post‐test probability dropped to 7% for BISAP, 6% for Ranson, 5% for APACHE‐II. Quality, design, and country of origin of the studies did not explain the observed high heterogeneity.ConclusionsThe most commonly used scoring systems to predict SAP perform poorly and do not aid in decision‐making.
Surface dynamics on Jeffrey nanofluid flow with Coriolis effect and variable Darcy regime
Authors: Tijani Yusuf O. , Akolade Mojeed T. , Otegbeye Olumuyiwa , Yusuf Abdulhakeem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStretching and shrinking application ranges from aerodynamic extrusion of plastic sheets, biological implants, condensation of metallic plates to the design of musical instruments. To emphasize the need for proper fluid flow in the mammalian system, the phenomenon of stretching or shrinking suppresses muscle strains and cramps, and also prevents stroke and heart disease. For further insight into the dynamics of blood with Prandtl number of 21.0 in a rotating system, the present study theoretically investigates the flow of a Jeffrey fluid induced with gold nanoparticles over a rotating sheet. The homogenization of the gold nanoparticle with the base fluid is due to the Tiwari‐Das approach. To investigate the flow profiles and dynamics of the sheet, the spectral local linearization method (SLLM) is used to obtain approximate solutions to the resulting system of nonlinear differential equations. The results obtained using the SLLM are validated by taking the limiting case and comparing against published literature results. The obtained results suggest that the velocity of the nanofluid and the heat transfer rate on the stretching and shrinking sheets exhibit an opposing behaviour. A blood sample with gold nanoparticles is advised for a reduced skin friction effect in the stretching sheet but a more significant drag force in the shrinking sheet than in the base fluid. For a unit value of the rotating parameter, the skin drag force reduces by 36% for the primary skin drag force and 57% for the secondary skin drag force.