bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal‐weight central obesity and risk of cardiovascular and microvascular events in adults with prediabetes or diabetes: Chinese and British cohorts
Authors: Zhong Pingting , Tan Shaoying , Zhu Zhuoting , Zhu Ziyu , Liang Yi , Huang Wenyong , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between body fat distribution and risk of cardiometabolic and microvascular events among individuals with prediabetes or diabetes with normal body mass index (BMI).MethodsA total of 17,232 participants with prediabetes or diabetes from UK Biobank (UKB) with 12‐year follow‐up and 499 diabetic participants from China with 2‐year follow‐up with normal BMI were included. Anthropometric measurements of waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and body fat composition assessment of trunk‐to‐leg fat ratio (TLFR) were obtained. Outcomes included incident all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and macrovascular and microvascular diseases.ResultsIn British cohort, participants with central obesity defined by WHR had 27%–54% higher risk of incident all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.64), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.54 [1.15–2.07]), myocardial infarction (HR = 1.43 [1.15, 1.78]), stroke (HR 1.26 [0.90, 1.75]), heart failure (HR = 1.27 [1.00, 1.61]), diabetic nephropathy (HR 1.33 [1.07, 1.65]), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) (HR = 1.48 [1.12, 1.96]) than those without obesity. Central obesity defined by WC and WHtR was associated with 40%–44% and 23%–98% higher risks of developing diabetic events, respectively. In the Chinese cohort, individuals with abdominal obesity, defined by WC (HR 1.44) or WHtR (HR 1.43) but not by WHR, carried more than 40% higher risk of developing DR than those without it. Higher TLFR carried 1.30–2.85 times higher risk of CVD and microvascular diseases among the dysglycemic population.ConclusionsBody fat distribution diseases among individuals with prediabetes or diabetes are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic and microvascular diseases independent of BMI.
The complementarity of phosphatidylethanol in whole blood and ethyl glucuronide in hair as biomarkers for the monitoring of alcohol use
Authors: Dumitrascu Catalina , Gys Celine , Wille Sarah M. R. , del Mar Ramiréz‐Fernandéz Maria , D'Hondt Diona , Van Goethem Alexia , Van Rafelghem Babette , Baetens Eline , Jacobs Werner , Neels Hugo , Covaci Adrian , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMonitoring long‐term alcohol use and/or abstinence is essential in clinical and medico‐legal cases. Analysis of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair provides information on alcohol consumption over several months. However, there is a lag time between ethanol consumption, incorporation of EtG in the hair bulb and hair growing out of the scalp. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) 16:0/18:1 analysis in whole blood has a detection window of 2–4 weeks, allowing for the detection of recent alcohol consumption. In this study, 2340 paired samples (of hair and venous whole blood from 1170 individuals) were analysed for EtG in hair (hEtG) and PEth 16:0/18:1 in venous whole blood. PEth 16:0/18:1 and hEtG results were subdivided into three categories according to the consensus of SoHT (hEtG) and PEth‐NET (PEth): abstinence/low, moderate or excessive alcohol consumption. For hEtG analysis, 446 individuals presented abstinence/low alcohol consumption, of which 2% were classified as excessive alcohol users through PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis. This suggests excessive alcohol consumption in the weeks before sample collection. Out of 483 individuals classified as heavy alcohol users based on hEtG analysis, 14% showed abstinence/low alcohol consumption for PEth 16:0/18:1 analysis, implying that these subjects stopped drinking 2–4 weeks before sample collection. Our results show that the analysis of the two different biomarkers can lead to a more accurate categorisation of individuals. Therefore, we emphasize that for the retrospective investigation of alcohol use, it is necessary to include two alcohol use biomarkers with different detection windows.
Acceptability and perceived harm of calorie labeling and other obesity policies: A cross‐sectional survey study of UK adults with eating disorders and other mental health conditions
Authors: Putra I Gusti Ngurah Edi , Polden Megan , Wareing Lettie , Robinson Eric 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed perceptions of recently proposed UK obesity policies (mandatory calorie labeling, banning of advertisements of unhealthy food and drinks online and before 9 pm on TV, and banning “buy one get one free” deals for unhealthy food and drinks) in people with an eating disorder (ED) and other mental health conditions.MethodA total of 1273 participants with a self‐reported lifetime mental health condition (N = 583 with an ED) completed an online survey in September–November 2022. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine support for and potential adverse effects of policies in participants with and without an ED. A qualitative analysis of the potential effects of the policy on current ED symptoms was also conducted to better understand how and why policies may be damaging or beneficial.ResultsParticipants with an ED had a lower level of support for the implementation of the calorie labeling policy compared to those without an ED (43% vs. 58%). Half of the participants with an ED (55%) reported that labeling may worsen their ED symptoms. Qualitative data indicated perceived potential harm (e.g., a gateway to relapse, negative effects on mood) and perceived benefits (e.g., feeling informed and reassured) of calorie labeling in participants with an ED. No differences in support or perceived harms of the other two policies were observed between participants with versus without an ED.DiscussionFuture studies are warranted to explore the potential effects of calorie labeling and how to mitigate negative impacts on people with an ED.Public SignificanceThis research is the first to assess the perceptions of UK obesity‐related policies in people with an ED and other mental health conditions. Participants with an ED (vs. without) were more likely to disagree with the government implementing the calorie labeling policy. These findings highlight the potentially harmful effects of calorie labeling in people with an ED and the need for future research to understand how to mitigate negative impacts.
Adaptive responses and transgenerational plasticity of a submerged plant to benthivorous fish disturbance
Authors: Li Fuchao , Zuo Zhenjun , Zhao Haocun , Yu Weicheng , Yu Haihao , Yu Dan , Liu Chunhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSubmerged macrophytes play a key role in the restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes. However, in some subtropical lakes, benthivorous fishes dominate the fish assemblages and influence the growth of submerged plants. A comprehensive understanding of the direct and indirect effects of benthivorous fishes on submerged plants is important. We conducted mesocosm experiments to examine the effects of three densities of benthivorous fish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, on the water properties, the growth, asexual reproduction, and the germination of turions of Potamogeton crispus L. Our results showed that fish disturbance increased TN, TP, PO4–P, NH4–N, and NO3–N of the water, raising the extinction coefficient K, Chl a, and the periphyton biomass. Benthivorous fish disturbance reduced the total biomass, root length, relative growth rate (RGR), and branching number while increasing the plant height of P. crispus. The P stoichiometric homeostasis coefficient (HP) (except turions) and HN was lower in plant tissues due to fish disturbance. Benthivorous fish disturbances promoted turions formation (e.g., increased turions total numbers and biomass) of P. crispus. Moreover, P. crispus exhibited transgenerational plasticity for benthivorous fish affecting turion emergence. The maximum final germination rate occurred only when fish density in the mother plant grow experiment matched that in the turion germination experiment. Turions generated by P. crispus disturbed by low‐density fish exhibited increased germination rates. Our findings suggest that controlling benthivorous fish reduces its indirect and direct effects on submerged vegetation, facilitating the successful restoration of these plants.
Synthesis of Flavones through NaI‐Mediated Electrochemical Cyclization of Chalcones
Authors: Gulchatchai Taweesak , Thanh Huynh Thao Nguyen , Vijara Natthanan , Khotavivattana Tanatorn , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Wacharasindhu Sumrit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA mild electrochemical oxidative cyclization for the synthesis of flavones from easy‐access 2’‐hydroxychalcones was developed using an inexpensive NaI as mediator and electrolyte under ambient temperature in a mixture of EtOH and H2O as solvent. This method was successfully applied to synthesize 26 examples of flavones from a variety of functionalized 2’‐hydroxychalcones. A gram‐scale formal synthesis of bioactive scutellarein was successfully demonstrated. Control experiments were conducted to disclose a possible indirect oxidation via in situ generation of iodine. The main advantages of this reaction include its broad substrate scope, scalability, ability to operate with benign solvent, and no requirement for strong oxidizing agents and external additives.
Analytical solutions for the sliding displacement of model slopes simulating both the frictional and rotational effects under piecewise linear acceleration pulses
Authors: Stamatopoulos Constantine A. , Protopapas Angelos L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSimplified methods predicting earthquake‐induced displacement of slopes are based on the Newmark sliding‐block model. This model does not consider the decrease in inclination of the sliding mass as a result of its downward motion and this effect is usually modeled by improving the above model by assuming that the critical acceleration value for relative motion of the block increases linearly with the distance moved. This work, for the first time, derives analytical solutions predicting the sliding displacement under idealized acceleration pulses of the model described above simulating both the frictional and rotational effects. First, a general solution is derived in dimensionless form for the motion of the sliding mass under a piecewise linearly varying pulse for the cases of both static stability and instability. The solution is obtained in each interval by (a) solving for the displacement and velocity in terms of these quantities at the end of the previous interval, (b) estimating the time corresponding to a sliding velocity equal to zero, and (c) investigating if the estimated time solution is consistent with the time interval and thus if it can be considered as the global solution. Then, based on this solution and the conditions where downward and upward motion starts, a procedure predicting the final displacement of the sliding mass for a piecewise linearly varying pulse is proposed. Finally, analytical solutions are derived, given in graphical form, partly validated, and discussed for the particular cases of half and full cycle pulses of rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal shapes.
New insights into site‐specific N‐glycosylation profiling differences of serum proteomes between colostrum and mature breast milk
Authors: Guan Boyuan , Liu Donghong , Cao Xueyan , Zhang Zhenghan , Bai Xue , Zhao Shanshan , Luo Xue , Feng Daguang , Yang Liu , Yue Xiqing , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractN‐glycosylation has important implications for the physicochemical properties and biochemical activity of breast milk proteins. However, an in‐depth characterization of site‐specific N‐glycans in breast milk serum proteins is lacking. In this study, 875 site‐specific N‐glycans attached to 114 serum glycoproteins from breast colostrum (BC) and 427 site‐specific N‐glycans attached to 60 serum glycoproteins from breast mature milk (BM) were identified and quantified using label‐free site‐specific glycoproteomics. Among them, 24 site‐specific N‐glycans mapping to 11 N‐glycosites on 9 glycoproteins were significantly increased, and 76 site‐specific N‐glycans mapping to 19 N‐glycosites on 13 glycoproteins were significantly decreased. Gene ontology annotation analysis showed that BC and BM serum N‐glycoproteins were mainly enriched in complement activation, classical pathway, extracellular exosome part, and immunoglobulin receptor binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that BC and BM serum N‐glycoproteins were mainly involved in the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, breast milk serum N‐glycoproteins carried fucosylated core structures as well as Lewis and sialylated branch structures that may contribute to neonatal retinal homeostasis. These results provide a molecular basis for understanding the unique biological activities of breast milk serum N‐glycoproteins.
Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists regarding dementia: A nationwide cross‐sectional study in Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Huong Thi , Dinh Dai Xuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate Vietnamese community pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia.Methods1066 community pharmacists in eight provinces/centrally‐governed cities were recruited using a non‐probability convenience sampling technique. Their dementia knowledge was measured using a set of 14 questions developed through a literature review. The Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was used to assess pharmacists' attitudes towards dementia. Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 for the overall questionnaire (0.70 for the knowledge part and 0.81 for the attitude part).ResultsParticipants were mostly female (74.2%), 20–39 years old (79.1%), and had work experience in pharmacies of less than 10 years (77.0%). Medicines for dementia were available in only 40 community pharmacies (3.8%), including galantamine (3.0%) and donepezil (0.8%). Pharmacists' average knowledge and attitude scores were 8.03 ± 2.61 and 64.81 ± 7.34, respectively. There were considerable differences in pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes between rural and urban areas and among eight provinces (p < 0.001). Higher knowledge and attitude scores were found among those with higher education levels and longer work experience (p < 0.001). Using reliable sources to seek information on dementia, such as books and scientific articles, also helped pharmacists to have better knowledge and more positive attitudes (p < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.326,p < 0.001).ConclusionCommunity pharmacists demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes towards dementia. Their knowledge about the symptoms of dementia was inadequate. Educational interventions and training programs are urgently needed to enhance their dementia knowledge and attitudes.
Mortality inequality, spatial differences and health care access
Authors: Atalay Kadir , Edwards Rebecca , Georgiakakis Fiona 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough Australia maintains relatively high standards of health and healthcare, there exists disparity in health outcomes and longevity among different segments of the population. Internationally, there is growing evidence that life expectancy gains are not being shared equally among the rich and the poor. In this paper we examine the evolution of mortality inequality in Australia between 2001 and 2018. Using a spatial inequality model and combining data from several administrative data sources, we document significant mortality inequality between the rich and the poor in Australia. For most age groups, mortality inequality has remained unchanged over the last 20 years. However, mortality inequality is increasing for middle‐aged men and women. In part, this can be explained by improvements in longevity which favor urban over rural Australians. Another contributing factor we identify is differential access to healthcare in rich and poor regions. Although Australia's socioeconomic gradient of mortality is flatter than in the US, due to universal health coverage, the fact that mortality inequality is increasing for some groups accentuates the importance of safeguarding health care accessibility.
Acute cycling exercise and hippocampal subfield function and microstructure in healthy older adults
Authors: Callow Daniel D. , Kommula Yash , Stark Craig E. L. , Smith J. Carson 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAging is associated with deterioration in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3, both crucial hippocampal subfields for age susceptible memory processes such as mnemonic discrimination (MD). Meanwhile, a single aerobic exercise session alters DG/CA3 function and neural activity in both rats and younger adults and can elicit short‐term microstructural alterations in the hippocampus of older adults. However, our understanding of the effects of acute exercise on hippocampal subfield integrity via function and microstructure in older adults is limited. Thus, a within subject‐design was employed to determine if 20‐min of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise alters bilateral hippocampal subfield function and microstructure using high‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an MD task (n = 35) and high angular resolution multi‐shell diffusion imaging (n = 31), in healthy older adults, compared to seated rest. Following the exercise condition, participants exhibited poorer MD performance, particularly when their perception of effort was higher. Exercise was also related to lower MD‐related activity within the DG/CA3 but not CA1 subfield. Finally, after controlling for whole brain gray matter diffusion, exercise was associated with lower neurite density index (NDI) within the DG/CA3. However, exercise‐related differences in DG/CA3 activity and NDI were not associated with differences in MD performance. Our results suggest moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise may temporarily inhibit MD performance, and suppress DG/CA3 MD‐related activity and NDI, potentially through neuroinflammatory/glial processes. However, additional studies are needed to confirm whether these short‐term changes in behavior and hippocampal subfield neurophysiology are beneficial and how they might relate to long‐term exercise habits.
Near‐sensor computing‐assisted simultaneous viral antigen and antibody detection via integrated label‐free biosensors with microfluidics
Authors: Bae Byungjoon , Baek Yongmin , Yang Jeongyong , Lee Heesung , Sonnadara Charana S. S. , Jung Sangeun , Park Minseong , Lee Doeon , Kim Sihwan , Giri Gaurav , Shah Sahil , Yoo Geonwook , Petri William A. , Lee Kyusang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrecise diagnosis and immunity to viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is achieved by the detection of the viral antigens and/or corresponding antibodies, respectively. However, a widely used antigen detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are complex, expensive, and time‐consuming Furthermore, the antibody test that detects an asymptomatic infection and immunity is usually performed separately and exhibits relatively low accuracy. To achieve a simplified, rapid, and accurate diagnosis, we have demonstrated an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)‐based biosensor field‐effect transistor (bio‐FET) that can simultaneously detect spike proteins and antibodies with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg mL–1 and 200 ng mL–1, respectively using a single assay in less than 20 min by integrating microfluidic channels and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The near‐sensor ANN‐aided classification provides high diagnosis accuracy (>93%) with significantly reduced processing time (0.62%) and energy consumption (5.64%) compared to the software‐based ANN. We believe that the development of rapid and accurate diagnosis system for the viral antigens and antibodies detection will play a crucial role in preventing global viral outbreaks.image
Vitamin D Metabolites Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Carswell Alexander T , O'Leary Thomas J , Swinton Paul , Jackson Sarah , Tang Jonathan CY , Oliver Samuel J , Izard Rachel M , Walsh Neil P , Fraser William D , Greeves Julie P 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between vitamin D metabolites and incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury in young adults undergoing initial military training during all seasons. In 1637 men and 530 women (aged 22.6 ± 7.5 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.0 ± 2.6 kg/m-2; 94.3% white ethnicity), we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) by immunoassay during week 1 of training. We examined whether the relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D ratio was associated with overuse injury. During 12 weeks of training, 21.0% sustained ≥1 overuse musculoskeletal injury, and 5.6% sustained ≥1 bone stress injury. After controlling for sex, BMI, 2.4 km run time, smoking, bone injury history, and Army training course (Officer, standard, or Infantry), lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury incidence was higher for participants within the second lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–2.32; p = 0.009) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D (OR = 6.30; 95% CI 1.89–21.2; p = 0.003). Lower body bone stress injury incidence was higher for participants within the lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2D (OR = 4.02; 95% CI 1.82–8.87; p &lt; 0.001) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D (OR = 22.08; 95% CI 3.26–149.4; p = 0.001), after controlling for the same covariates. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2D, relative to 1,25(OH)2D (ie, low 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D), and higher serum 24,25(OH)2D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury. Serum 24,25(OH)2D may have a role in preventing overuse injury in young adults undertaking arduous physical training. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.