bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of wheel‐rail adhesion using a simplified three‐dimensional model considering surface roughness and temperature
Authors: Huang Jiaqing , Wu Bing , Xiao Guangwen , Shen Quan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWheel‐rail adhesion is important to the traction and braking of railway vehicles. This paper develops a three‐dimensional numerical model considering surface roughness and temperature to investigate water‐contaminated adhesion characteristics. A simplified elastohydrodynamic lubrication model considering the thermal effect is developed to obtain the normal load carried by liquid film and asperities. Meanwhile, a third body layer (3BL) model, which considers the effects of pressure and temperature on 3BL, is used to calculate the tangential stress and friction coefficient of asperity contact. To verify the numerical model, firstly, the results are compared with the existing experimental results at low and high speeds. In addition, the effects of surface roughness and temperature on adhesion coefficient are investigated. Furthermore, the elastoplastic behaviour of the tangential stress and the adhesion characteristics for large creepages are studied. The obtained adhesion‐creepage curve can represent the decreasing trend after reaching saturation because of temperature.
Institutional investor shareholding and the quality of corporate innovation: Moderating effects based on internal and external environment
Authors: Liu Bei , Wang Jinmin , Tong Xinle , Zhou Zhihua , Qiu Zhaoxuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImproving the quality of enterprise innovation is a key path to implementing the innovation‐driven development strategy and thus promoting high‐quality economic development. Using a sample of Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2011 to 2019, this paper empirically examines the impact of institutional investor shareholding (IIS) on corporate innovation quality. The study finds that (1) IIS has a significant effect on the quality of corporate innovation, and it can also improve the quality of corporate innovation by increasing corporate financial support and promoting the efficiency of corporate management. (2) Heterogeneous IISs have different impacts, with pressure‐defensive IIS contributing more significantly to the quality of corporate innovations than pressure‐sensitive IIS. (3) The internal and external environments play an important moderating role. External market competition incentives and supervision means play a positive moderating role; internal financing constraints and business risks play a negative moderating role.
Ultrahigh sensitivity terahertz refractive index sensor based on four‐inscribed hole defect photonic crystal structure
Authors: Wen Jin , Sun Wei , Liang Bozhi , He Chenyao , Xiong Keyu , Wu Zhengwei , Zhang Hui , Yu Huimin , Wang Qian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe proposed and investigated an ultrahigh sensitivity terahertz (THz) refractive index sensor based on four‐inscribed hole defect photonic crystal structure. Due to the formation of resonant modes, the sensing properties can be obtained by shifting the sharp resonance in the transmission spectrum as changing of the analyte refractive index. In addition, the influence of structure parameters on the sensing performance is explored and demonstrated numerically. The numerical results illustrate that the Q‐factor and figure of merit reach 323.71 and 167.188 can be obtained under the optimized structural parameters. In particular, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 198.8 μm/RIU can be realized in the frequency range of 0.777–0.779 THz. The proposed sensor may find significant applications in biochemical sensing systems.
Modelling seasonal landslide motion: Does it only depend on fluctuations in normal effective stress?
Authors: Rollo Fabio , Buscarnera Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLandslide motion is often simulated with interface‐like laws able to capture changes in frictional strength caused by the growth of the pore water pressure and the consequent reduction of the effective stress normal to the plane of sliding. Here it is argued that, although often neglected, the evolution of all the 3D stress components within the basal shear zone of landslides also contributes to changes in frictional strength and must be accounted for to predict changes in seasonal velocity. For this purpose, an augmented sliding‐consolidation model is proposed which allows for the computation of excess pore pressure development and downslope sliding with any constitutive law with 3D stress evolution. Simulations of idealised infinite slope models subjected to hydrologic forcing are used to study the role of in‐situ stress conditions and stress rate multiaxiality. Specifically, a Drucker‐Prager perfectly plastic model is used to replicate frictional failure and shear deformation at the base of landslides. The model reveals that conditions amenable to the shearing of a frictional interface are met only after numerous rainfall cycles, that is, when multiaxial stress rates are suppressed. In this case, the landslide is predicted to move through a seasonal ratcheting controlled only by the effective stress component normal to the plane of sliding. By contrast, in newly formed landslides, the multiaxial stress evolution is found to produce further regimes of motion, from plastic shakedown to cyclic failure, neither of which can be captured by interface‐like frictional laws. Notably, the model suggests that a transition across these regimes can emerge in response to an aggravation of the magnitude of forcing, implying that (i) fluctuations in climate may alter the seasonal trends of motion observed today; (ii) our ability to quantify landslide‐induced risks is impaired unless proper geomechanical models are used to examine their long‐term dynamics.
Correlation between obesity‐related measurements and initial and initial resting intravesical and abdominal pressures in urodynamic study using air‐filled catheter system
Authors: Shen Si‐hong , Zeng Xiao , Zhang Jie , Shen Hong , Luo De‐yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo establish the initial (before pressure equilibrium) and initial resting intravesical and abdominal pressure in the sitting position using air‐filled catheters, to assess the correlation between these pressures and obesity‐related measurements, and to estimate if obesity‐related measurements can be a guide to interpret initial and initial resting pressures in urodynamic testing.MethodsPatients with non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms referred for urodynamic testing in our center were consecutively enrolled in a prospective study from August 2022 to October 2022. The correlation between the initial and initial resting pressures (before and after pressure equilibrium) and obesity‐related measurements were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsNinety‐eight patients aged 56 ± 16 were studied. The 95% range of the initial intravesical and abdominal pressure were 18–42 cmH2O and 21–60 cmH2O, respectively. The initial resting intravesical, abdominal, and detrusor pressure in the 95% range were 17–41, 16–42, and −5 to 4 cmH2O, respectively. Over the multiple analysis, abdominal fat thickness, and body mass index (BMI) correlated independently with initial intravesical pressure, and only visceral fat grade correlated with initial abdominal pressure. BMI correlated independently with initial resting intravesical pressure.ConclusionsOur results determined the ranges of values of both initial and initial resting pressures in the air‐charged system. Meanwhile, the present study indicated the obesity‐related measurements may be used as a guide to interpret the initial and initial resting pressures in urodynamic testing, and may provide a reference for the quality control of these pressures.
Evaluation of gadolinium deposition in cortical bone using three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time quantitative susceptibility mapping: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Zhou Beibei , Chen Yanjun , Cai Zhenyu , Guo Yihao , Wei Zhao , Li Shisi , Feng Yanqiu , Sedaghat Sam , Jang Hyungseok 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time quantitative susceptibility mapping (3D UTE‐QSM) for the assessment of gadolinium (Gd) deposition in cortical bone. To this end, 40 tibial bovine cortical bone specimens were divided into five groups then soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) solutions with five different Gd concentrations of 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mmol/L for 48 h. Additionally, eight rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups, consisting of a normal‐dose macrocyclic gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA) group (n = 3), a high‐dose macrocyclic GBCA group (n = 3), and a control group (n = 2). All bovine and rabbit tibial bone samples underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 3‐T clinical MR system. A 3D UTE‐Cones sequence was utilized to acquire images with five different echo times (i.e., 0.032, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 ms). The UTE images were subsequently processed with the morphology‐enabled dipole inversion algorithm to yield a susceptibility map. The average susceptibility was calculated in three regions of interest in the middle of each specimen, and the Pearson's correlation between the estimated susceptibility and Gd concentration was calculated. The bone samples soaked in PBS with higher Gd concentrations exhibited elevated susceptibility values. A mean susceptibility value of −2.47 ± 0.23 ppm was observed for bovine bone soaked in regular PBS, while the mean QSM value increased to −1.75 ± 0.24 ppm for bone soaked in PBS with the highest Gd concentration of 1.6 mmol/L. A strong positive correlation was observed between Gd concentrations and QSM values. The mean susceptibility values of rabbit tibial specimens in the control group, normal‐dose GBCA group, and high‐dose GBCA group were −4.11 ± 1.52, −3.85 ± 1.33, and −3.39 ± 1.35 ppm, respectively. In conclusion, a significant linear correlation between Gd in cortical bone and QSM values was observed. The preliminary results suggest that 3D UTE‐QSM may provide sensitive noninvasive assessment of Gd deposition in cortical bone.
Human milk fortification and use of infant formulas to support growth in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Moreira Denise H. , Gregory Sarah B. , Younge Noelle E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNewborn infants require adequate nutrition to achieve full potential growth and development. Early life nutrition and health impacts long‐term outcomes through adulthood. Human milk is the optimal source of nutrition during the first 6 months of life. However, infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often have comorbidities that create more or different nutrition demands than healthy newborns. There are different strategies to meet the nutrition needs of sick newborns, including use of parenteral nutrition, human milk fortifiers (HMFs), and infant formulas. Multinutrient HMFs are frequently used to achieve the higher nutrition demands of preterm infants. They are available in various presentations, such as human milk– or cow milk–derived, liquid or powder, and acidified or nonacidified, each of which has different risks and benefits associated with its use. Infant formulas are available to meet a demand when mother's own milk or donor breast milk is not available or sufficient, and there are also specialty formulas for infants with certain diseases that present unique nutrition needs. This review is focused on the use of HMFs to support the unique nutrition requirements of preterm infants for healthy growth, as well as the indications for the use of formulas among infants in the NICU.
Determining energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients: A scoping review
Authors: Jotterand Chaparro Corinne , Pabion Céline , Tume Lyvonne , Mehta Nilesh M. , Valla Frédéric V. , Moullet Clémence 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn critically ill pediatric patients, optimal energy and protein intakes are associated with a decreased risk of morbidity and mortality. However, the determination of energy and protein needs is complex. The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence related to the methods used to determine energy and protein needs in critically ill pediatric patients.MethodsAn international expert group composed of dietitians, pediatric intensivists, a nurse, and a methodologist conducted the review, based on the Johanna Briggs Institute methodology. Two researchers searched for studies published between 2008 and 2023 in two electronic databases, screened abstracts and relevant full texts for eligibility, and extracted data.ResultsA total of 39 studies were included, mostly conducted in critically ill children undergoing ventilation, to assess the accuracy of predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) (n = 16, 41%) and the impact of clinical factors (n = 22, 56%). They confirmed the risk of underestimation or overestimation of REE when using predictive equations, of which the Schofield equation was the least inaccurate. Apart from weight and age, which were positively correlated with REE, the impact of other factors was not always consistent. No new indirect calorimeter method used to determine protein needs has been validated.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the need for scientific data on the methods used to measure energy expenditure and determine protein needs in critically ill children. Studies using a reference method are needed to validate an indirect calorimeter.
Fluid‐structure interaction with fully coupled mesh generation
Authors: Schwentner Teresa , Fries Thomas‐Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe modeling and simulation of fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) involve the two‐way coupling of a fluid flow and a deforming structure. The fluid exerts a load on the structure, the structure deforms, and, hence, the fluid flow changes, which leads to an altered loading on the structure. To accomplish this coupling, the fluid domain has to be updated after each time step, leading to a change in the fluid mesh. Various mesh update methods have been presented where an initial mesh is generated and then updated after each time step. Each method comes with different levels of complexity and has its own advantages and disadvantages. Herein, FSI simulations with fully integrated mesh generation, rather than updates, are proposed. Instead of updating the mesh at each time step, a new mesh for the fluid domain is generated based on the deformation of the solid domain. An advanced structured meshing algorithm, based on a block structure, enables this integrated mesh generation approach. An initial set of coarse‐scale conforming blocks is generated by the user, representing the topology and rough initial position of the solid and the fluid. Further information is the exact geometry at the boundary and the deformed position of the fluid‐structure interface, plus grading information to obtain a high‐quality fluid mesh. Transfinite maps are used to generate elements inside the blocks with any desired resolution and order.
Experimental and simulation‐based modeling of a vehicle seat
Authors: Wagner Philipp , Langer Patrick , Mäder Marcus , Marburg Steffen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe automotive industry must deal with significant challenges in the future. Consequently, predicting the Noise‐Vibration‐Harshness (NVH) in the early design and concept phase becomes essential. Especially dynamic seat behavior immediately affects ride comfort and hence customer acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to have reliable finite element (FE) models for the simulation‐based prediction of the dynamic seat behavior. This study describes different aspects of the experimental‐ and simulation‐based modeling of a vehicle seat. The experimental modal analysis is used to characterize the seat system as well as the subsystem's seat backrest and frame. The structural dynamics of a seat depend on various sensitive parameters. We identified the dominant mode shapes below 100 Hz, which are lateral, fore‐and‐aft, and twisting modes. We could see that the seat backrest has a substantial mass influence. Besides, we showed that the twisting mode can be modified by varying cross‐direction stiffness. Thus, findings are utilized to improve the predictive power of simulation results.
Hemp hurd filled PLA‐PBAT blend biocomposites compatible with additive manufacturing processes: Fabrication, rheology, and material property investigations
Authors: Jubinville Dylan , Sharifi Javid , Fayazfar Haniyeh , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA co‐continuous 50:50 blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) was compounded with 10–40 wt% hemp hurd microparticles (<250 μm) to achieve balanced material properties for additive manufacturing (3D printing) applications. The blend and composites were further compatibilized with maleic anhydride via an in situ reactive extrusion process to enhance the adhesion between the polymers and the fillers and subsequently improve stress transfer between the components. All composite samples were processed further via injection molding and 3D printing processes to analyze and compare the rheology, morphology, thermal, mechanical properties, and other physio‐chemical properties. For the unfilled polymer blends, the injection molded and 3D printed sample specimens displayed similar mechanical properties. However, in the hemp filled composites, the injection molded specimens demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties. This indicates that the 3D printing process requires further parameter optimization to eliminate potential gaps between the printing layers and enhance mechanical properties. Overall, the PLA:PBAT blends filled with hemp hurd microparticles provided balanced composite properties in addition to their sustainability attribute, which makes them an appealing alternative for the fabrication of compostable and tough materials via additive manufacturing processes.Highlights
Upon maleation, the blend components formed a co‐continuous morphology.
Sustainable plastic filament with up to 40 wt% hemp hurd micro particles.
3D printing can compete with injection molding in filled composites.
Successfully 3D printed model furniture with 30 wt% hemp filler.
Curing conditions for low‐resistivity contacts on transparent conductive oxide layers for different solar cell applications
Authors: Gensowski Katharina , Freund Timo , Much Maximilian , Muramatsu Kazuo , Tepner Sebastian , Clement Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Cu (ln1‐xGax)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell technology is a potentially high‐efficient approach with unique properties compared with silicon photovoltaic, like flexible lightweight substrates and different colored designs. So far, the full potential of the transparent conductive oxide layers has not been exploited yet as no front contacts are applied, resulting in significant losses from the cell‐to‐module level. In this study, Ag front contacts are applied by parallel dispensing onto indium tin oxide layers of silicon heterojunction substrates and CIGS substrates. Subsequently, a thermally curing process is carried out to form the conductive contacts. The curing conditions are varied between 200°C ≥ Tc ≥ 100°C combined with 20 min ≥ tc ≥ 1.5 min. The study aims to determine the curing parameters enabling low‐resistivity contacts by using low‐temperature curing Ag paste and ultralow‐temperature curing Ag paste. The lateral electrode resistance and the contact resistivity of printed electrodes are measured. The results of simultaneous thermogravimetry‐differential scanning calorimetry (pastes) and microstructure analysis of printed electrodes are used to explain the electrical parameters of the printed electrodes. In general, higher curing temperatures and longer curing durations encourage the sintering and densification process of the applied electrodes resulting in low‐resistivity contacts. Contact resistivities below ρc,TLM < 5 mΩ·cm2 and lateral electrode resistance of Rlateral ≥ 17 Ω m−1 are obtained for different paste systems. However, optimal curing conditions of low‐temperature curing pastes can cause thermal damage to the CIGS device. Therefore, ultralow‐temperature curing pastes seem to be promising candidates for front contact metallization of CIGS substrates.
Long term respiratory morbidity of cesarean‐delivered second twin compared to their vaginally‐delivered sibling: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yoles Israel , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOffspring born via cesarean delivery (CD) may be more prone to develope long‐term respiratory diseases, compared to those delivered vaginally (VD). In this study, we compared the rates of respiratory diseases between first twins VD and second twins delivered via CD.MethodsThis was a retrospective database study. All twin deliveries encompassed at the Soroka University Medical Center, a large tertiary hospital in southern Israel, between 1991 and 2020, in which the first twin was VD and the second via CD were included. Respiratory diseases included respiratory tract diseases such as bronchiolitis and bronchial asthma. The cumulative incidence of respiratory diseases was compared between the twins using Kaplan−Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox models to adjust for confounding variables.ResultsA total of 395,408 deliveries occurred during the study period, with 13,402 (3.4%) of all deliveries being twins. Of these, 184 (1.4%) were first twins VD and second twins delivered via CD. The second CD twin was more likely to have a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate pattern and an Apgar score less than 7 at 5 min. No other differences were found between the siblings. The incidence of long‐term respiratory diseases was not statistically different between the CD and VD siblings (7.6% vs. 9.4%, respectively; OR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.23−1.26). Similarly, the cumulative incidence of respiratory diseases was not statistically different (Kaplan−Meier, log‐rank, p = .59), and in the multivariable analysis which adjusted for birthweight and fetal distress during delivery (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.43−26.25).ConclusionsWhile the immediate outcomes for the CD twin were slightly worse compared to the VD twin, there was no difference in long‐term respiratory diseases between the siblings.