bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Compartment Perfusion MR IVIM Model to Investigate Normal and Pathological Placental Tissue
Authors: Maiuro Alessandra , Ercolani Giada , Di Stadio Francesca , Antonelli Amanda , Catalano Carlo , Manganaro Lucia , Capuani Silvia 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPerfusion and diffusion coexist in the placenta and can be altered by pathologies. The two‐perfusion model, where f1 and, f2 are the perfusion‐fraction of the fastest and slowest perfusion compartment, respectively, and D is the diffusion coefficient, may help differentiate between normal and impaired placentas.PurposeInvestigate the potential of the two‐perfusion IVIM model in differentiating between normal and abnormal placentas.Study‐TypeRetrospective, case–control.Population43 normal pregnancy, 9 fetal‐growth‐restriction (FGR), 6 small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), 4 accreta, 1 increta and 2 percreta placentas.Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion‐weighted‐echo planar imaging sequence at 1.5 T.AssessmentVoxel‐wise signal‐correction and fitting‐controls were used to avoid overfitting obtaining that two‐perfusion model fitted the observed data better than the IVIM model (Akaike weight: 0.94). The two‐perfusion parametric‐maps were quantified from ROIs in the fetal and maternal placenta and in the accretion zone of accreta placentas. The diffusion coefficient D was evaluated using a b ≥ 200 sec/mm2‐mono‐exponential decay fit. IVIM metrics were quantified to fix f1 + f2 = fIVIM.Statistical‐TestsANOVA with Dunn‐Sidák's post‐hoc correction and Cohen's d test were used to compare parameters between groups. Spearman's coefficient was evaluated to study the correlation between variables. A P‐value<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.ResultsThere was a significant difference in f1 between FGR and SGA, and significant differences in f2 and fIVIM between normal and FGR. The percreta + increta group showed the highest f1 values (Cohen's d = −2.66). The f2 between normal and percreta + increta groups showed Cohen's d = 1.12. Conversely, fIVIM had a small effective size (Cohen's d = 0.32). In the accretion zone, a significant correlation was found between f2 and GA (ρ = 0.90) whereas a significant negative correlation was found between fIVIM and D (ρ = −0.37 in fetal and ρ = −0.56 in maternal side) and f2 and D (ρ = −0.38 in fetal and ρ = −0.51 in maternal side) in normal placentas.ConclusionThe two‐perfusion model provides complementary information to IVIM parameters that may be useful in identifying placenta impairment.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage1
Impact of anemia on major bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kinjo Norito , Ueda Shinichiro , Uchida Kazutaka , Sakakibara Fumihiro , Nezu Mari , Arai Hideki , Morimoto Takeshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is encountered in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) on oral anticoagulants (OACs) but the prognostic impact was not well scrutinized in real‐world settings.MethodsWe conducted a historical multicenter registry of patients with NVAF taking OACs at 71 centers in Japan. Those with mechanical heart valves or a history of pulmonary thrombosis or deep venous thrombosis were excluded. Anemic patients were divided into three groups of hemoglobin (Hb) level: moderate/severe (Hb < 11.0 g/dL), mild (men: Hb of 11.0–12.9 g/dL; women: Hb of 11.0–11.9 g/dL), and no anemia. The endpoints included major bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic events, ischemic stroke, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsAmong 7558 consecutive patients (mean age, 73 years; men 67%) registered in February 2013 and followed until February 2017, 2100 (28%) patients had anemia. The anemic patients were older (moderate/severe: 79 years; mild: 77 years; no anemia: 71 years, p < .001), and HAS‐BLED score was significantly higher in the anemic patients (p < .001). The cumulative incidences at 4 years of major bleeding in moderate/severe, mild, and no anemia group, were 14.9%, 10.7%, and 6.4%, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidential intervals (CIs)) of major bleeding of moderate/severe and mild anemia group were 1.96 (1.49–2.58) and 1.48 (1.17–1.87) compared to no anemia group. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for ischemic events were 0.63 (0.39–0.99) and 1.03 (0.76–1.39).ConclusionsThe severity of anemia in the patients with NVAF on OACs was associated with major bleeding.
Establishing a long‐term citizen science project? Lessons learned from the Community Lake Ice Collaboration spanning over 30 yr and 1000 lakes
Authors: Lopez Lianna S. , Basu Aman , Blagrave Kevin , Bove Gerald , Stewart Kenton , Bazely Dawn , Sharma Sapna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecruiting the public to participate in the scientific process can be invaluable in furthering our understanding of global environmental change. Several long‐term citizen science projects have been active for over a decade, with most involving the public in the data collection phase of the scientific process. Our team has recently inherited a long‐term citizen science project called the Community Lake Ice Collaboration (CLIC). We have benefited from engaging with a community of experienced participants who have collected reliable data for hundreds of lakes across the USA for over 30 yr. Collecting data at this scale would have been logistically and financially challenging without participants volunteering their time and effort. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the lessons we have learned from CLIC and other citizen science projects and develop nine guidelines for establishing and sustaining a long‐term citizen science project.
Transmission Efficiency Limit for Nonlocal Metalenses
Authors: Li Shiyu , Hsu Chia Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapidly advancing capabilities in nanophotonic design are enabling complex functionalities limited mainly by physical bounds. The efficiency of transmission is a major consideration, but its ultimate limit remains unknown for most systems. This study introduces a matrix formalism that puts a fundamental bound on the channel‐averaged transmission efficiency of any passive multi‐channel optical system based only on energy conservation and the desired functionality, independent of the interior structure and material composition. Applying this formalism to diffraction‐limited nonlocal metalenses with a wide field of view shows that the transmission efficiency must decrease with the numerical aperture for the commonly adopted designs with equal entrance and output aperture diameters. It also shows that reducing the size of the entrance aperture can raise the efficiency bound. This study reveals a fundamental limit on the transmission efficiency as well as provides guidance for the design of high‐efficiency multi‐channel optical systems.
On‐Chip Electrically Driven Tunable Meta‐Lens for Dynamic Focusing and Beam Steering
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Wu You , Xu Jiefeng , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai , Xu Ke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe on‐chip meta‐lenses consisting of subwavelength slot arrays with lateral gradients have shown great potential for parallel signal processing and optical computing. The dynamic tuning mechanisms which are necessary steps toward exploiting the applications of the on‐chip meta‐system have been rarely mentioned yet. Here, a free‐form functional microheater via topology design is proposed to manipulate the refractive index distribution, allowing for flexible optical wavefront shaping. For a proof‐of‐concept, wide range of dynamic focusing and beam steering are demonstrated via a tunable meta‐lens on silicon photonic platform. The continuous scanning of the focused beam is experimentally achieved with a maximum travel range of 100 µm in the longitudinal direction (≈95 nm mW−1) and 25 µm in the lateral direction (≈20 nm mW−1). The thermal‐optic tuning elements can response the electrical control within ≈41.2 µs. A waveguide array at the focal plane is used to characterize the device. The on‐chip loss of the tunable meta‐lens is measured to be <1 dB including the coupling loss from slab to single‐mode waveguide. The proposed tunable meta‐lenses are fabricated via a standard silicon photonic process and allow for arbitrarily two dimensional (2D) beam steering. It offers great versatility for on‐chip meta‐systems with a wider scope of functionalities and applications.
Wearable activity trackers for nurses' health: A qualitative acceptability study
Authors: Mahoney Catherine , Hoyle Louise , Van Splunter Casper , Kyle Richard G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the practical, social and ethical acceptability of the use of a POLAR® H7 chest‐strap wearable device to influence health behaviours among pre‐registered nurses.DesignQualitative acceptability study including a simulated test of use reported using COREQ guidelines.MethodsPre‐registered nurses simulated nine nursing tasks while wearing the chest strap in a clinical simulation facility in a Scottish university in 2016. Focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess technology acceptance with participants who did and did not participate in the simulated nursing tasks. Focus groups and interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically guided by a theoretical model of technology acceptance.ResultsPre‐registered nurses thought the use of chest‐strap devices to monitor their own health in real‐time was acceptable. However, participants shared that it was important that the use of technology was inclusive and supportive of nurses' health and cautioned against misuse of data from wearable devices for individual performance management or stigmatisation.
Nurse leaders' perceptions of competence‐based management of culturally and linguistically diverse nurses: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kiviniitty Nina , Kamau Suleiman , Mikkonen Kristina , Hammaren Mira , Koskenranta Miro , Kuivila Heli‐Maria , Kanste Outi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAim(s)To describe nurse leaders' perceptions of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) nurses' competence‐based management.DesignA descriptive qualitative study of the competence‐based management of CALD nurses, from the perspectives of nurse leaders in three primary and specialised medical care organisations. This study followed the COREQ guidelines.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 13 nurse leaders. Eligible interviewees were required to have management experience, and experience of working with or recruiting CALD nurses. Data were collected during November 2021–March 2022. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsCompetence‐based management was explored in terms of competence identification and assessment of CALD nurses, aspects which constrain and enable competence sharing with them, and aspects which support their continuous competence development. Competencies are identified during the recruitment process, and assessment is based primarily on feedback. Organisations' openness to external collaboration and work rotation supports competence sharing, as does mentoring. Nurse leaders have a key role in continuous competence development as they organise tailored induction and training, and can indirectly reinforce nurses' work commitment and wellbeing.Conclusion(s)Strategic competence‐based management would enable all organisational competencies potential to be utilised more productively. Competence sharing is a key process for the successful integration of CALD nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results of this study can be utilised to develop and standardise competence‐based management in healthcare organisations. For nursing management, it is important to recognise and value nurses' competence.ImpactThe role of CALD nurses in the healthcare workforce is growing, and there is little research into the competence‐based management of such nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Preparation of high‐performance and low‐rolling resistance tire tread compound based on hydrogen‐bonded self‐assembled graphene/carbon nanotube‐silica hybrid
Authors: Zhao Feng , Liu Zhihua , Zheng Xingfu , Jia Jinyi , Dong Lingbo , Guo Jingze , Tan Shuangmei , Li Yutong , Shen Mei , Zhao Shuai , Li Lin , Xin Zhenxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraphene/carbon nanotubes and silica hybrids (CTGS) with high dispersion and strong interface were prepared by hydrogen bond self‐assembly technique using green modifiers Tween‐80 (TW) and Oleylamine (YA) as “molecular bridge.” CTGS was added into natural rubber (NR) as an effective functional filler to prepare high‐performance, low‐rolling resistance, and antistatic tire tread. In the vulcanization process of NR filled with CTGS (CTGS/NR), CTGS can participate in the rubber vulcanization, and co‐vulcanization is a catalyst for constructing the strong interfacial interactions between CTGS and rubber. The extreme dispersion of CTGS hybrid in NR and the strong interfacial interaction between CTGS and NR are the basis for obtaining excellent comprehensive properties of CTGS/NR composites. The results show that compared with NR filled with silica modified by triethoxysilyl propyldisulfide (ST@SiO2/NR), NR filled with carbon nanotubes and silica hybrid (CTGS4) using YA as the molecular bridge (CTGS4/NR) has the best comprehensive performance. Its tensile strength increased from 27.41 to 30.18 MPa, increasing by 10.1%, the rolling resistance decreased from 0.098 to 0.087, decreasing by 11.2%, and the conductivity increased by three orders of magnitude (increasing from 2.321 × 10−7 S∙m−1 to 4.111 × 10−5 S∙m−1) indicating excellent electrostatic conductivity for CTGS hybrid with carbon nanotubes loading as low as 0.6 wt%. CTGS hybrid is expected to be a new functional filler for rubber, especially good for green tires with high‐performance, low‐rolling resistance, and antistatic performances.
Improving the surface quality of material extrusion additive manufacturing parts by using ultrasonic‐vibration machining
Authors: Jiang S. , Hu K. , Huang X. , Zhao C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaterial extrusion (ME) technique has been one of the most popular additive manufacturing techniques because of its environmental friendliness, low cost, simple operation, and so forth. However, significant surface defects occur on ME parts due to the discontinuity between adjacent layers. For this reason, a new method, using ultrasonic‐vibration machining, was innovatively proposed to improve the ME parts' surface quality. A theoretical surface roughness (SR) model of the ME parts processed by using ultrasonic vibration was established. An ultrasonic‐vibrating ME equipment was then set up by refitting an ordinary one and the samples built without and with ultrasonic‐vibration machining utilized were prepared, respectively. With the laser microscope, the built parts' SR was tested and determined. Compared the predicted SR results with the measured ones, the theoretical model was verified. The influence of different ultrasonic vibration on the surface quality of ME parts was also discussed, clarifying the corresponding mechanism.
External assessment and refinement of a population pharmacokinetic model to guide tacrolimus dosing in pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Rower Joseph E. , McKnite Autumn , Hong Borah , Daly Kevin P. , Hope Kyle D. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Molina Kimberly M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe immunosuppressant tacrolimus is a first‐line agent to prevent graft rejection following pediatric heart transplant; however, it suffers from extensive inter‐patient variability and a narrow therapeutic window. Personalized tacrolimus dosing may improve transplant outcomes by more efficiently achieving and maintaining therapeutic tacrolimus concentrations. We sought to externally validate a previously published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model that was constructed with data from a single site.Data SourceData were collected from Seattle, Texas, and Boston Children's Hospitals, and assessed using standard population PK modeling techniques in NONMEMv7.2.Main ResultsWhile the model was not successfully validated for use with external data, further covariate searching identified weight (p < 0.0001 on both volume and elimination rate) as a model‐significant covariate. This refined model acceptably predicted future tacrolimus concentrations when guided by as few as three concentrations (median prediction error = 7%; median absolute prediction error = 27%).ConclusionThese findings support the potential clinical utility of a population PK model to provide personalized tacrolimus dosing guidance.
The development of rating scales to evaluate experiential prosthetic foot preference for people with lower limb amputation
Authors: Ruxin Talia R. , Halsne Elizabeth G. , Hafner Brian J. , Shofer Jane , Hansen Andrew H. , Childers W. Lee , Caputo Joshua M. , Morgenroth David C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelection of a foot is an important aspect of prosthetic prescription and vital to maximizing mobility and functional goals after lower limb amputation. Development of a standardized approach to soliciting user experiential preferences is needed to improve evaluation and comparison of prosthetic feet.ObjectiveTo develop rating scales to assess prosthetic foot preference and to evaluate use of these scales in people with transtibial amputation after trialing different prosthetic feet.DesignParticipant‐blinded, repeated measures crossover trial.SettingVeterans Affairs and Department of Defense Medical Centers, laboratory setting.ParticipantsSeventy‐two male prosthesis users with unilateral transtibial amputation started, and 68 participants completed this study.InterventionsParticipants trialed three mobility‐level appropriate commercial prosthetic feet briefly in the laboratory.Main Outcome Measures“Activity‐specific” rating scales were developed to assess participants' ability with a given prosthetic foot to perform typical mobility activities (eg, walking at different speeds, on inclines, and stairs) and “global” scales to rate overall perceived energy required to walk, satisfaction, and willingness to regularly use the prosthetic foot. Foot preference was determined by comparing the rating scale scores, after laboratory testing.ResultsThe greatest within‐participant differences in scores among feet were observed in the “incline” activity, where 57% ± 6% of participants reported 2+ point differences. There was a significant association (p < .05) between all “activity‐specific” rating scores (except standing) and each “global” rating score.ConclusionsThe standardized rating scales developed in this study could be used to assess prosthetic foot preference in both the research and clinical settings to guide prosthetic foot prescription for people with lower limb amputation capable of a range of mobility levels.
Amniotic fluid metabolomics identifies impairment of glycerophospholipid and amino acid metabolism during congenital Zika syndrome development
Authors: Sosa‐Acosta Patricia , Evaristo Geisa P. C. , Evaristo Joseph A. M. , Carneiro Gabriel Reis Alves , Quiñones‐Vega Mauricio , Monnerat Gustavo , Melo Adriana , Garcez Patrícia P. , Nogueira Fábio C. S. , Domont Gilberto B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeOur main goal is to identify the alterations in the amniotic fluid (AF) metabolome in Zika virus (ZIKV)‐infected patients and their relation to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) progression.Experimental DesignWe applied an untargeted metabolomics strategy to analyze seven AF of pregnant women: healthy women and ZIKV‐infected women bearing non‐microcephalic and microcephalic fetuses.ResultsInfected patients were characterized by glycerophospholipid metabolism impairment, which is accentuated in microcephalic phenotypes. Glycerophospholipid decreased concentration in AF can be a consequence of intracellular transport of lipids to the placental or fetal tissues under development. The increased intracellular concentration of lipids can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration caused by lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, the dysregulation of amino acid metabolism was a molecular fingerprint of microcephalic phenotypes, specifically serine, and proline metabolisms. Both amino acid deficiencies were related to neurodegenerative disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, and placental abnormalities.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study enhances our understanding of the development of CZS pathology and sheds light on dysregulated pathways that could be relevant for future studies.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of dictamnine on allergic rhinitis via suppression of the LYN kinase‐mediated molecular signaling pathway during mast cell activation
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhang Yonghui , Wang Yuejin , Huang Yihan , Gao Jiapan , Tian Xi , Ma Tianyou , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMast cells (MCs) are important therapeutic targets for allergic diseases. High‐affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) Fc receptors (FcεRI) trigger abnormal activation of MCs. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE‐mediated antigen inhalation reaction that occurs in the nasal mucosa. MC aggravation and dysfunction were observed during the early stages of AR pathogenesis. Herb‐derived dictamnine exhibits anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the pharmacological effects of herb‐derived dictamnine on IgE‐induced activation of MCs and an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced murine AR model. The results indicated that dictamnine attenuated OVA‐induced local allergic reactions and reduced body temperature in OVA‐challenged mice with active systemic anaphylaxis. Additionally, dictamnine decreased the frequency of nasal rubbing and sneezing in an OVA‐induced murine AR model. Moreover, dictamnine inhibited FcεRI‐activated MC activation in a dose‐dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity, reduced the activation of the tyrosine kinase LYN in LAD2 cells, and downregulated the phosphorylation of PLCγ1, IP3R, PKC, Erk1/2, and Akt, which are downstream of LYN. In conclusion, dictamnine suppressed the OVA‐stimulated murine model of AR and activated IgE‐induced MCs via the LYN kinase‐mediated molecular signaling pathway, suggesting that dictamnine may be a promising treatment for AR.
Benchmark Models for Elucidating Ligand Effects: Thiols Ligated Isostructural Cu6 Nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Lili , Guo Mengdi , Zhou Jian , Fang Cong , Sun Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have attracted tremendous attention for their huge potential in many applications. However, the uncertainty of the growth mechanism and complexity of the crystallization process hinder the in‐depth understanding of their properties. In particular, the ligand effect has been rarely explored at the atomic/molecular level due to the lack of feasible models. Herein, three isostructural Cu6 NCs ligated with diverse mono‐thiol ligands (2‐mercaptobenzimidazole, 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole, and 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole, respectively) are successfully synthesized, which provide an ideal platform to unambiguously address the intrinsic role of ligands. The overall atom‐by‐atom structural evolution process of Cu6 NCs is mapped out with delicate mass spectrometry (MS) for the first time. It is intriguingly found that the ligands, albeit only atomic difference (NH, O, and S), can profoundly affect the building‐up processes, chemical properties, atomic structures, as well as catalytic activities of Cu NCs. Furthermore, ion‐molecule reactions combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the defective sites formed on ligand can significantly contribute to the activation of molecular oxygen. This study provides fundamental insights into the ligand effect, which is vital for the delicate design of high‐efficient Cu NCs‐based catalysts.