bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steamed broccoli sprouts alleviate DSS-induced inflammation and retain gut microbial biogeography in mice
Authors: Holman Johanna M. , Colucci Louisa , Baudewyns Dorien , Balkan Joe , Hunt Timothy , Hunt Benjamin , Kinney Marissa , Holcomb Lola , Stratigakis Allesandra , Chen Grace , Moses Peter L. , Mawe Gary M. , Zhang Tao , Li Yanyan , Ishaq Suzanne L. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTInflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are devastating conditions of the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatments, and dietary intervention may be effective and affordable for managing symptoms. Glucosinolate compounds are highly concentrated in broccoli sprouts, especially glucoraphanin (GLR), and can be metabolized by certain mammalian gut bacteria into anti-inflammatory isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane. Gut microbiota exhibit biogeographic patterns, but it is unknown if colitis alters these or whether the location of glucoraphanin-metabolizing bacteria affects anti-inflammatory benefits. We fed specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice either a control diet or a 10% steamed broccoli sprout diet and gave a three-cycle regimen of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water over a 34-day experiment to simulate chronic, relapsing ulcerative colitis (UC). We monitored body weight, fecal characteristics, lipocalin, serum cytokines, and bacterial communities from the luminal- and mucosal-associated populations in the jejunum, cecum, and colon. Mice fed the broccoli sprout diet with DSS treatment performed better than mice fed the control diet with DSS, and had significantly more weight gain, lower Disease Activity Index scores, lower plasma lipocalin and proinflammatory cytokines, and higher bacterial richness in all gut locations. Bacterial communities were assorted by gut location but were more homogenous across locations in the control diet + DSS mice. Importantly, our results showed that broccoli sprout feeding abrogated the effects of DSS on gut microbiota, as bacterial richness and biogeography were similar between mice receiving broccoli sprouts with and without DSS. Collectively, these results support the protective effect of steamed broccoli sprouts against dysbiosis and colitis induced by DSS.IMPORTANCEEvaluating bacterial communities across different locations in the gut provides a greater insight than fecal samples alone and provides an additional metric by which to evaluate beneficial host-microbe interactions. Here, we show that 10% steamed broccoli sprouts in the diet protects mice from the negative effects of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, that colitis erases biogeographic patterns of bacterial communities in the gut, and that the cecum is not likely to be a significant contributor to colonic bacteria of interest in the DSS mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Mice fed the broccoli sprout diet during colitis performed better than mice fed the control diet while receiving DSS. The identification of accessible dietary components and concentrations that help maintain and correct the gut microbiome may provide universal and equitable approaches to IBD prevention and recovery, and broccoli sprouts represent a promising strategy.
Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in three Nordic countries: population based cohort study
Authors: Holmberg Dag , Santoni Giola , von Euler-Chelpin My , Färkkilä Martti , Kauppila Joonas H , Maret-Ouda John , Ness-Jensen Eivind , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma among patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease compared with the general population.

Design
Population based cohort study.

Setting
All patients in hospital and specialised outpatient healthcare in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2019.

Participants
486 556 adults (>18 years) who underwent endoscopy were eligible for inclusion: 285 811 patients were included in the non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort and 200 745 patients in the validation cohort with erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Exposures
Non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was defined by an absence of oesophagitis and any other oesophageal diagnosis at endoscopy. Erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was examined for comparison reasons and was defined by the presence of oesophagitis at endoscopy.

Main outcome measures
The incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma was assessed for up to 31 years of follow-up. Standardised incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by dividing the observed number of oesophageal adenocarcinomas in each of the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohorts by the expected number, derived from the general populations in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden of the corresponding age, sex, and calendar period.

Results
Among 285 811 patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, 228 developed oesophageal adenocarcinomas during 2 081 051 person-years of follow-up. The incidence rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease was 11.0/100 000 person-years. The incidence was similar to that of the general population (standardised incidence ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.18)), and did not increase with longer follow-up (1.07 (0.65 to 1.65) for 15-31 years of follow-up). For validity reasons, we also analysed people with erosive oesophagitis at endoscopy (200 745 patients, 1 750 249 person-years, and 542 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, corresponding to an incidence rate of 31.0/100 000 person-years) showing an increased overall standardised incidence ratio of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (2.36 (2.17 to 2.57)), which became more pronounced with longer follow-up.

Conclusions
Patients with non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease seem to have a similar incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma as the general population. This finding suggests that endoscopically confirmed non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease does not require additional endoscopic monitoring for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Exploring COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake in Nairobi’s urban informal settlements: an unsupervised machine learning analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort study from 2021 to 2022
Authors: Rajshekhar Nandita , Pinchoff Jessie , Boyer Christopher B , Barasa Edwine , Abuya Timothy , Muluve Eva , Mwanga Daniel , Mbushi Faith , Austrian Karen 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo illustrate the utility of unsupervised machine learning compared with traditional methods of analysis by identifying archetypes within the population that may be more or less likely to get the COVID-19 vaccine.DesignA longitudinal prospective cohort study (n=2009 households) with recurring phone surveys from 2020 to 2022 to assess COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes and practices. Vaccine questions were added in 2021 (n=1117) and 2022 (n=1121) rounds.SettingFive informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.ParticipantsIndividuals from 2009 households included.Outcome measures and analysisRespondents were asked about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (February 2021) and vaccine uptake (March 2022). Three distinct clusters were estimated using K-Means clustering and analysed against vaccine acceptance and vaccine uptake outcomes using regression forest analysis.ResultsDespite higher educational attainment and fewer concerns regarding the pandemic, young adults (cluster 3) were less likely to intend to get the vaccine compared with cluster 1 (41.5% vs 55.3%, respectively; p<0.01). Despite believing certain COVID-19 myths, older adults with larger households and more fears regarding economic impacts of the pandemic (cluster 1) were more likely to ultimately to get vaccinated than cluster 3 (78% vs 66.4%; p<0.01), potentially due to employment requirements. Middle-aged women who are married or divorced and reported higher risk of gender-based violence in the home (cluster 2) were more likely than young adults (cluster 3) to report wanting to get the vaccine (50.5% vs 41.5%; p=0.014) but not more likely to have gotten it (69.3% vs 66.4%; p=0.41), indicating potential gaps in access and broader need for social support for this group.ConclusionsFindings suggest this methodology can be a useful tool to characterise populations, with utility for improving targeted policy, programmes and behavioural messaging to promote uptake of healthy behaviours and ensure equitable distribution of prevention measures.
Contact lens-related complications in austere conditions among military personnel: a systematic review
Authors: Bhanot Kunal , Jefferys S , Clipstone K , Guest S , Blanch R J 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionMilitary service personnel are required to deploy to austere environments where they are exposed to harsh conditions. Many service personnel continue to wear contact lenses when deployed as they are an effective alternative to spectacles by affording superior ergonomic functionality, although they are associated with significant complications. We aimed to explore the prevalence and type of contact lens-related complications among deployed service personnel worldwide.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1950 and 2023. The keywords ‘contact lens’ and ‘military’ or ‘army’ or ‘navy’ or ‘air force’ and ‘austere’ or ‘deployed’ or ‘adverse’ were used.ResultsFive eligible articles were included. Excluded articles reported contact lens wear in the firm base, were not related to military personnel or did not involve the deployed setting. Major complications associated with contact lens wear included microbial keratitis and contact lens-related discomfort. Excluding case reports, the overall incidence of contact lens-related complications ranged from 0.35% to 25.4%. The three case reports included in this systematic review describedAcanthamoebakeratitis,Nocardiakeratitis and contact lens-related discomfort as significant complications. These case reports also detailed time to initial presentation and type of contact lens worn when complications were encountered. Types of deployed conditions service personnel were exposed to included desert, temperate and underwater environments.ConclusionsWe highlight a scarcity of recent data regarding contact lens-related complications in the deployed setting. While contact lens-wearing service personnel are at risk of infectious keratitis and contact lens-related discomfort, we recommend good-quality data collection on contact lens wearing schedules and complication rates to steer guidance on contact lens wear in service personnel.
Haemorrhage after thrombectomy with adjuvant thrombolysis in unknown onset stroke depends on high early lesion water uptake
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Meyer Lukas , Hanning Uta , Faizy Tobias Djamsched , Bechstein Matthias , Kniep Helge , Van Horn Noel , Schön Gerhard , Barow Ewgenia , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Kemmling Andre 
Published: September 2023

Background and purposeIn wake-up stroke, CT-based quantitative net water uptake (NWU) might serve as an alternative tool to MRI to guide intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (IVT). An important complication after IVT is symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH). As NWU directly implies ischaemic lesion progression, reflecting blood-brain barrier injury, we hypothesised that NWU predicts sICH in patients who had a ischaemic stroke undergoing thrombectomy with unknown onset.MethodsConsecutive analysis of all patients who had unknown onset anterior circulation ischaemic stroke who underwent CT at baseline and endovascular treatment between December 2016 and October 2020. Quantitative NWU was assessed on baseline CT. The primary endpoint was sICH. The association of NWU and other baseline parameters to sICH was investigated using inverse-probability weighting (IPW) analysis.ResultsA total of 88 patients were included, of which 46 patients (52.3%) received IVT. The median NWU was 10.7% (IQR: 5.1–17.7). The proportion of patients with any haemorrhage and sICH were 35.2% and 13.6%. NWU at baseline was significantly higher in patients with sICH (19.1% vs 9.6%, p<0.0001) and the median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) was lower (5 vs 8, p<0.0001). Following IPW, there was no association between IVT and sICH in unadjusted analysis. However, after adjusting for ASPECTS and NWU, there was a significant association between IVT administration and sICH (14.6%, 95% CI: 3.3% to 25.6%, p<0.01).ConclusionIn patients with ischaemic stroke with unknown onset, the combination of high NWU with IVT is directly linked to higher rates of sICH. Besides ASPECTS for evaluating the extent of the early infarct lesion, quantitative NWU could be used as an imaging biomarker to assess the degree of blood-brain barrier damage in order to predict the risk of sICH in patients with wake up stroke.
A Novel Simulation Approach for Fault Injection Mechanism Assessing Dependability of Cybersecurity Attacks
Authors: Kaur Shaminder , Sachdeva Ashish 
Published: September 2023

Clock attacks and power attacks are used as common means to inject faults in embedded devices. Critical analysis of the properties and the components engaged with these fault injection methods is of high importance to assess the related dangers and furthermore to enhance the process of designing suitable counter-measures. This paper provides critical analysis of induced faults on combinational and sequential circuits and study effects of various attacks (over-clock, under clock, power attack). While doing analysis, it was revealed that clock attacks i.e., under and over clock attacks have similarity index of (80–90%). Also it was found that power attacks have results similar (60–70%) to clock attacks but they cause propagation delay in circuits affecting the output. Cadence virtuoso 45 nm technology node, Keil and Multi-sim software’s were used to generate various attacks. The comparative analysis reveals that the attack timing and frequency of the glitch is the key while inducing fault injection attacks. While performing this work, it is observed the sequential circuits get less impacted by attacks comparing to combinational circuits. This research is conducted from an attacker’s perspective instead of mitigation perspective.
Análise semiótica de capas da Vogue estadunidense de 1920 e 2020: 100 anos de ínterim
Authors: Lima Tainá de Menezes , Lopes Cláudia Ribeiro Monteiro 
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo apresenta a análise semiótica de três capas da revista Vogue estadunidense, considerando também dos cinco códigos do não verbal, a linguagem da aparência e dos artefatos. Duas capas são de edições do mês de setembro de 1920, quando a Vogue tinha tiragem quinzenal, e uma é de setembro de 2020, quando a revista já havia se tornado mensal. As três foram escolhidas em razão do uso de ilustrações ao invés de fotografias e da capacidade de representação do público-alvo do periódico: mulheres de alto poder aquisitivo e interessadas em moda. A vertente semiótica adotada é a Peirceana, na qual se baseia o modelo processual da análise: ponto de vista icônico-qualitativo, indicial- singular e convencional-simbólico. Um paralelo entre as edições, com diferença de cem anos, permite identificar similaridades e diferenças entre os signos não verbais.
Perceived Susceptibility and Responses to Ill-health Risks among Children of the Street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Zewude Bewunetu , Siraw Getahun , Engdawork Kibur , Tadele Getnet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study identifies perceptions about susceptibility and responses to health risks among children of the street in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews from 22 purposely selected street children. In addition to the field notes, audio was recorded, transcribed and translated into English. After coding the responses, themes and sub-themes were identified, followed by interpretations of responses. The findings showed that children of the street perceive to be highly susceptible for health risks such as HIV/AIDS, skin diseases, malaria, accidental injuries, lung cancer, and ‘Corella’. Whereas most of the health risks have been associated generally with the living situations of the children, engagement in risky behaviors such as unsafe sexual practices, addictions to drugs and other harmful substances, and sharing of sharp materials have also been reported to increase their vulnerability. The extent to which they perceive to be susceptible, the type of disease and its perceived cause were found to influence the preventive health behavior of the street children. The high risk perception among street children opened the way for individual and collective efforts of maintaining health and wellbeing which in turn facilitates interventions aimed at reintegrating street children into the society.
Trigonella selcuk-bayraktarii (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey
Authors: ILÇIM AHMET , KOCABAŞ YUSUF ZIYA 
Published: September 2023

Trigonella selcuk-bayraktarii İlçim (Fabaceae) is described from Kahramanmaraş Turkey. The new species is endemic and grows on steppes at an elevation of 650–750 m. The species is compared morphologically to the releated species Trigonella kotschyii considering also pollen and seed micromorphology. In addition ecology, habitat, conservation status.
Eco-friendly bean flour films for sustainable food packaging
Authors: Nogueira Daiane , S Marasca Natasha , Latorres Juliana M , Martins Vilásia G 
Published: September 2023

The use of natural polymers in packaging development is a promising alternative to solve the environmental problems associated with petroleum-based synthetic packaging. This study proposed the production and use of black and red bean flours as a non-conventional biopolymer matrix for the development of biodegradable films. Films with 10 and 25 g of film-forming solution of black bean and red bean flour (separately) were produced by the casting technique and characterized in terms of physical-chemical, barrier and structural properties. The film with 25 g of red bean flour film-forming solution showed a tensile strength of 9.5 MPa and a water solubility of 32.9%, higher values than the other films produced. Regarding the water vapor permeability, the formulation with 10 g of film-forming solution of red bean showed the lowest value (1.3 g.mm/h.m2.kPa) when compared to the value of 2.3 g.mm/h.m2.kPa for the formulation with 25 g of film-forming solution of red bean. The films presented similar relative crystallinity and a predominantly homogeneous surface. All films presented total biodegradability in 14 days in soil, and 20 days in sea water. The red bean flour films presented better mechanical and barrier properties, and also were able to be sealed and printed. It is believed that this packaging could be used to package products such as olive oil, because in addition to containing the product, its low transparency could prevent oxidative processes caused by the light incidence.
Acid sphingomyelinase mediates ferroptosis induced by high glucose via autophagic degradation of GPX4 in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis
Authors: Du Yun-xia , Zhao Yan-tao , Sun Yong-xin , Xu Ai-hua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathological process of type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP), although the specific underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the role and possible mechanism of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated osteoblast ferroptosis in T2DOP.

Methods
We treated hFob1.19 cells with normal glucose (NG) and different concentrations of high glucose (HG, 26.25 mM, 35 mM, or 43.75 mM) for 48 h. We then measured cell viability and osteogenic function, quantified ferroptosis and autophagy levels, and measured the levels of ASM and ceramide in the cells. To further investigate the specific mechanism, we examined these indicators by knocking down ASM expression, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment, or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Moreover, a T2DOP rat model was induced and microcomputed tomography was used to observe the bone microstructure. We also evaluated the serum levels of iron metabolism-associated factors, ceramide and lipid peroxidation (LPO) and measured the expression of ASM, LC3 and GPX4 in bone tissues.

Results
HG inhibited the viability and osteogenic function of osteoblasts by inducing ferroptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of ASM and ceramide and autophagy levels were increased by HG treatment, and these factors were required for the HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and LPO. Similarly, inhibiting intracellular ROS also reduced HG-induced ASM activation and autophagy. ASM-mediated activation of autophagy was crucial for HG-induced degradation of GPX4, and inhibiting ASM improved osteogenic function by decreasing HG-induced autophagy, GPX4 degradation, LPO and subsequent ferroptosis. We also found that inhibiting ASM could alleviated ferroptosis and autophagy and improved osteogenic function in a T2DOP rat model.

Conclusion
ASM-mediated autophagy activation induces osteoblast ferroptosis under HG conditions through the degradation of GPX4, providing a novel mechanistic insight into the treatment and prevention of T2DOP.
Anterior debridement combined with autogenous iliac bone graft fusion for the treatment of lower cervical tuberculosis: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Xia Ping , Tao Pengfei , Zhao Xiaolong , Peng Xianglin , Chen Songfeng , Ma Xiucai , Fan Lei , Feng Jing , Pu Feifei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of one-stage anterior debridement of lower cervical tuberculosis using iliac crest bone graft fusion and internal fixation.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 patients with lower cervical tuberculosis admitted to multiple medical centers from June 2018 to June 2021. Among them, 36 patients had lesions involving two vertebrae and 12 patients had lesions involving more than three vertebrae. All patients were treated with quadruple antituberculosis drugs for more than 2 weeks before the operation, and then treated with one-stage anterior debridement and autogenous iliac bone graft fusion combined with titanium plate internal fixation. After the operation, antituberculosis drugs were continued for 12–18 months. The patients were followed-up to observe the improvement in clinical symptoms, bone graft fusion, Cobb angle, visual analog score (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), wound healing, and neurological function.

Results
The patients were followed-up for 13–43 months, with an average of 21.46 ± 1.52 months. The clinical symptoms significantly improved after the operation. The bone graft was completely fused in all patients, and the bone fusion time was 3–6 months, with an average of 4.16 ± 0.47 months. At the last follow-up, the Cobb angle, VAS, ESR, and CRP level were significantly lower than those before surgery (P < 0.05). None of the patients had loosening, detachment, or rupture of the internal fixation, and no recurrence occurred. All surgical incisions healed in one stage without infection or sinus formation. The preoperative Frankel neurological function classification was grade B in 7 cases, grade C in 13, grade D in 18, and grade E in 10. At the last follow-up, 8 cases recovered to grade D and 40 recovered to grade E.

Conclusions
For patients with lower cervical tuberculosis, based on oral treatment with quadruple antituberculosis drugs, direct decompression through anterior debridement, followed by autologous iliac bone graft fusion combined with internal fixation can completely remove tuberculosis foci, rebuild the stability of the cervical spine, and obtain good clinical efficacy.
Level of evidence Level 3.