bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles for effectively inhibiting growth of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Hu Shengyun , Xia Kunkun , Huang Xiaobei , Zhao Ye , Zhang Qingqing , Huang Dongdong , Xu Weiyi , Chen Zhengju , Wang Chenfei , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths in humans, and effective treatments are still needed in clinical practice. Despite significant developments in anticancer drugs and inhibitors, their poor stability, water solubility, and cellular membrane permeability limit their therapeutic efficacy. To address these issues, multifunctional CaCO3 nanoparticles loaded with Curcumin (Cur) and protein deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor QTX125, and coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) (CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA), were prepared through a one-step gas diffusion strategy. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles have uniform spherical morphology and elemental distribution, with diameters around 450 nm and a Zeta potential of − 8.11 mV. The controlled release of Cur from the nanoparticles was observed over time periods of 48 h. Cellular uptake showed that CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by cancer cells and significantly inhibited their growth. Importantly, CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles showed specific inhibitory effects on CRC cell growth. Encouragingly, CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles successfully internalized into CRC patient-derived organoid (PDO) models and induced apoptosis of tumor cells. The multifunctional CaCO3@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles hold promise for the treatment of CRC.
Metabolic response to CNS infection with flaviviruses
Authors: Dobrzyńska Marta , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFlaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses found worldwide that, when introduced into the human body, cause diseases, including neuroinfections, that can lead to serious metabolic consequences and even death. Some of the diseases caused by flaviviruses occur continuously in certain regions, while others occur intermittently or sporadically, causing epidemics. Some of the most common flaviviruses are West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus. Since all the above-mentioned viruses are capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier through different mechanisms, their actions also affect the central nervous system (CNS). Like other viruses, flaviviruses, after entering the human body, contribute to redox imbalance and, consequently, to oxidative stress, which promotes inflammation in skin cells, in the blood and in CNS. This review focuses on discussing the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from pathogen invasion on the metabolic antiviral response of the host, and the ability of viruses to evade the consequences of metabolic changes or exploit them for increased replication and further progression of infection, which affects the development of sequelae and difficulties in therapy.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antibody changes over time in a general population cohort in rural Uganda, 1992–2008
Authors: Sabourin Katherine R. , Mugisha Joseph , Asiki Gershim , Nalwoga Angela , Labo Nazzarena , Miley Wendell , Beyer Rachel , Rochford Rosemary , Johnston Thomas W. , Newton Robert , Whitby Denise 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is ubiquitous and in sub-Saharan Africa, occurs early in life. In a population-based rural African cohort, we leveraged historical samples from the General Population Cohort (GPC) in Uganda to examine the epidemiology of infection with EBV over time, in the era of HIV.

Methods
We used 9024 serum samples collected from the GPC in 1992, 2000, 2008, from 7576 participants across the age range (0–99 years of age) and tested for anti-EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to EAd, VCA, and EBNA-1 using a multiplex bead-based assay. The related gammaherpesvirus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity was also determined by detection of anti-KSHV IgG antibodies to K8.1 or ORF73 measured by recombinant protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data on sex, age, and HIV serostatus were also collected. EBV seropositivity was modeled with age (excluding those under one year, who may have had maternal antibodies), sex, HIV serostatus, and KSHV serostatus using generalized linear mixed effects models to produce beta estimates.

Results
More than 93% of children were EBV seropositive by one year of age. EBV seropositivity was significantly associated with KSHV seropositivity. Anti-EBNA-1 antibody levels decreased with increasing age and were lower on average in people living with HIV. In general, anti-EAd antibody levels increased with age, were higher in males and KSHV seropositive persons, but decreased over calendar time. Anti-VCA antibody levels increased with age and with calendar time and were higher in KSHV seropositive persons but lower in males.

Conclusions
This is the first study to identify factors associated with EBV antibodies across the entire life-course in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Consistent with other studies, EBV was near ubiquitous in the population by age one year. Patterns of antibodies show changes by age, sex and calendar time, but no association with HIV was evident, suggesting no relationship between EBV sero-epidemiology and the spread of HIV in the population over time in Uganda.
Cry toxin expression in different plant parts of Bt cotton at different phenological stages
Authors: Likhitha P. , Undirwade D. B. , Kulkarni U. S. , Kolhe A. V. , Moharil M. P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Compared to Bollgard-I, the utilization of Cry2Ab protein in Bollgard-II cotton cultivars enhances insect control. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated reduction in the numbers of bollworm-infested terminals, squares, and bolls in Bollgard-II cotton lines when compared to both Bollgard-I and non-Bollgard cotton cultivars. This indicates that the combination of Cry2Ab with Cry1Ac increased the overall expression of proteins. The expression of Cry protein varied across different plant parts, such as leaves, bracts, squares, and bolls. As the season progresses, the expression of Cry protein decreased in these plant parts. Leaves exhibited the highest levels of Cry protein expression, followed by squares, flowers, and bolls. Variation in the expression levels of delta endotoxins in different plant parts was one of the contributing factors to the survival of pest populations on Bt cotton.

Results
Using a commercially available QL 96 ELISA plate kit, the concentration of delta endotoxin in various plant parts at different phenological stages was determined in twelve BG-II cotton hybrids, namely Ajeet-155, JKCH-2245, RCH-3863, NCS-866, MRC-7373, JKCH-99, MRC-7387, NCEH-21, ANKR-3324, NCSI-1904, and NCHB 9902. Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab protein levels were determined from samples of flowers and fruiting parts (Rind, locule, seed, locule wall and seed) at 40, 75, 100 and 125 days after sowing (DAS) over two consecutive years 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Cry1Ac protein content and expression was the highest at 100DAS in locule, seed and rind; followed by rind and locule wall and seed in green bolls at 125 DAS; followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS; followed by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry2Ab protein content and expression was the highest at 125DAS in locule wall and seed and rind, followed by seed, locule and rind in green bolls at 100 DAS, followed by seed, locule, rind and flowers at 75 DAS, then by flowers at 40 DAS in all the tested twelve Bollgard-II hybrids. Cry1Ac protein expression was less in comparison with Cry2Ab.

Conclusions
The research findings indicate that the locule of BG-II cotton plants exhibited the highest expression levels of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab proteins, followed by the seeds, rind, locule wall, and flowers. These results provide valuable insights into the distribution of Cry protein expression in different plant parts, which can contribute to a better understanding of insect control in Bt cotton cultivars.
A Prospective Study of Lipids in Adult Women With Turner Syndrome
Authors: Sandahl Kristian Juul , Just Jesper , Erlandsen Mogens , Mortensen Kristian Havmand , Andersen Niels Holmark , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Context
Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic syndrome with an increased mortality, mainly attributed to cardiovascular disease.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate and correlate the lipid profile in adult women with TS to clinical characteristics.

Methods
A 12-year prospective cohort study, including 4 study visits, was conducted at a specialist hospital. A total of 102 women with TS qualified for inclusion. Excluding missing variables and participants lost to follow-up, 86 women (mean age 38.1 years; range, 18.4-62.1 years) were included in this study. Fifty-three women completed the study. Repeated-measurement analysis was performed, using total cholesterol (Total-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as outcome variables and age, karyotype, body mass index (BMI), treatment with statins, antidiabetics, and hormone replacement therapy as explanatory variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis were performed at the first study visit.

Results
Hyperlipidemia was present in 30% of the TS cohort. Total-C increased with age (0.12 mmol/L/y; P = .016). LDL (P = .08), TGs (P = .14), and HDL (P = .24) were not associated with age. BMI significantly increased total-C (0.19 mmol/L/kg/m2; P = .006), LDL (0.63 mmol/L/kg/m2; P &lt; .001), and TGs (0.80 mmol/L/kg/m2; P &lt; .001) and decreased HDL (−0.59 mmol/L/kg/m2; P &lt; .001). PCA and PLS analysis found correlations between weight and BMI and total-C, LDL, and TGs.

Conclusion
Hyperlipidemia is more prevalent in adult women with TS across adulthood compared to the background population. Total-C, LDL, TGs, and HDL were significantly associated with BMI characterizing the atherogenic profile in adult women with TS.
Antibacterial Rattle-type Polypyrrole-silver Nanocomposite Particles Synthesized by Aqueous Chemical Oxidative Dispersion Polymerization
Authors: Rodtuk Nattawut , Takeuchi Kazusa , Hirai Tomoyasu , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Sajomsang Warayuth , Chaiyasat Preeyaporn , Chaiyasat Amorn , Fujii Syuji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rattle-type polypyrrole-silver nanocomposite particles were synthesized by aqueous chemical oxidative dispersion polymerization in one step and one pot manner and were characterized in terms of particle size, morphology and chemical composition. The resulting nanocomposite particles could function as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Did the emergence of the Omicron variant impact the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the Arab world? A Twitter-based sentiment analysis
Authors: Dimashkieh Chehab Nada 
Published: September 2023

Background: Low vaccine acceptance constitutes a major obstacle for achieving herd immunity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on COVID-19 show a significant rise in the number of cumulative cases in Arab countries where vaccine uptake is lower than the uptake at the global level for the 2021-2022 period. The aim of this study is to analyze sentiments related to vaccine acceptance before and after the emergence of the COVID-19 Omicron variant in the Arab-speaking world. Methods: Tweets were collected before and after the Omicron emergence period in the Arab-speaking world using Python-enabled CAMeL Tools (Arabic Natural Language Processing toolkit) libraries. A sentiment analysis on COVID-19 vaccines using Arabic hashtags and a sentiment analysis by city were conducted. Results: Two data sets pre-Omicron and post-Omicron tweets exhibited a difference in sentiments marking a shift towards less negativity and more neutrality. Sentiments by city showed most tweets in both periods coming from Riyadh and Jeddah in Saudi-Arabia, and from Salt in Jordan. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of the study, the change in sentiments detected by the study may suggest more vaccine acceptance which raises some hope and perhaps a higher vaccine uptake in the future. The sentiments by city findings may help in the design of future research.
Recruiting the Voices of Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Policy Development: Priorities for Health Equity Data
Authors: Krahn Gloria , Cargill-Willis Katherine , Bersani Lynda , Moore Theresa , Johnson Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Through focus groups, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) provided their priorities for health equity data, surveys, and information dissemination by U.S. federal agencies. Participants reported privacy concerns about sharing information, need for better data to promote access to quality health care and services, and need for information on social contexts that influence quality of life. Data should include functional limitations, health risks, and priorities for health care, and should support choice and self-determination. Adults with IDD believe parents or support persons do not always share their views, raising concerns about proxy reporting. Surveys and information need to use clear language, visual aids, and provide neutral supports. Information should be shared broadly, including to persons with IDD and families, health care professionals, and policy makers.
Effect of boundary angle on aero-optical imaging deviation of the blunt-headed side-window vehicle
Authors: Zhou Liye , Xu Liang , Wang Tao , Wang Qilong 
Published: September 2023

This paper defines the intersection angle between the tangent plane at the boundary of aero-optical flow field and the body axis as the boundary angle and focuses on the influence of the boundary angle on the imaging deviation. This paper shows that the boundary angle of the aero-optical flow field is different at different flight conditions, which means the location of the zero value of imaging deviation is different. With the increase of the line of sight angle, the imaging deviation decreases first and then increases in the opposite direction. After the change of flight conditions, the boundary angle decreases with the increase of the compression of the flow field. The imaging deviation increases if the incident light is on the right side of the normal and decreases in the opposite direction.
Tunable all-fiber polarization filter based on graphene-assisted metal gratings for the O- and C-bands
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Zhuo , Qu Jiaqi , Cheng Zhi , Huang Dongmei , Yu Changyuan 
Published: September 2023

All-fiber polarization filters have important applications in optical communication, sensing, and fiber lasing. However, the incompatibility between high extinction ratio and short interaction length is a problem for miniaturization. In addition, current passive designs make polarization filters work in a fixed wavelength band, which limits the dynamic polarization control. Here, we integrate subwavelength metal gratings on graphene-covered D-shaped single-mode fibers to achieve tunable polarization filters, whose operating bandwidth has a significant improvement over previous works. In the simulation, the x-polarized mode couples effectively with the surface plasmon polariton mode and suffers extremely high transmission loss (up to ∼38dB/mm). At the same time, the y-polarized mode remains low insertion loss of ∼0.58dB/mm. By changing the chemical potential of graphene, the loss peak of the x-polarized mode can be adjusted in the range covering the wavelength bands from 1.272 to 1.353 µm or from 1.54 to 1.612 µm, which results in an adjustable broadband filter with a high extinction ratio over 20 dB. The proposed filter provides a promising polarization control scheme for integrated devices in the fields of communication, sensing, and lasing.
Prevalence and risk factors of M tuberculosis infection in young people across 14 communities in Zambia and South Africa
Authors: Amofa-Sekyi Modupe , Schaap Ab , Mureithi Linda , Kosloff Barry , Cheeba Maina , Kangololo Bxyn , Vermaak Redwaan , Paulsen Robynn , Ruperez Maria , Floyd Sian , de Haas Petra , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Ayles Helen , Shanaube Kwame ,   on behalf of the TREATS study team
Published: September 2023

Background
From 2018–2021 the TB Reduction through Expanded Antiretroviral Treatment and TB Screening (TREATS) project took place in 21 Zambian and South African communities. The TREATS Incidence of TB Infection Cohort Study was conducted in adolescents and young people (AYP), aged 15–24 years in 14 communities. We describe the baseline prevalence and risk factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection among this cohort and explore the quantitative QFT-Plus interferon gamma (IFN-γ) responses.

Methods and findings
A random sample of approximately 300 AYP per community were recruited and information on TB/HIV risk factors, TB symptoms and social mixing patterns collected. QuantiFERON TB Gold Plus assay (QFT-Plus) was used to detect M. tuberculosis infection, following manufacturer’s instructions. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with infection. 5577 eligible AYP were invited to participate across both countries, with 4648 enrolled. QFT-Plus results were available for 4529: 2552(Zambia) and 1977(South Africa). Overall, 47.6% (2156/4529) AYP had positive QFT-Plus results, the prevalence of infection in South Africa being twice that in Zambia (64.7% (1280/1977) vs 34.3% (867/2552) p<0.001). Infection was associated with age, household contact with TB and alcohol in Zambia but showed no associations in South Africa. The antigen tube differential (TB2-TB1>0.6 IU/ml) of the assay at baseline showed no evidence of association with recent TB exposure.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of infection in AYP warrants urgent action to address TB control, especially in South Africa. Further research is required to delineate antigen tube responses of the QFT-Plus assay more precisely to fully realise the benefit of the additional TB2 tube in high TB/HIV burden settings.
Effectiveness, durability and safety of dolutegravir and lamivudine versus bictegravir, emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide in a real-world cohort of HIV-infected adults
Authors: Mendoza Inés , Lázaro Alicia , Espinosa Alfredo , Sánchez Lorenzo , Horta Ana María , Torralba Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Dolutegravir plus lamivudine (2-DR) is suggested as an initial and switch option in HIV-1 treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness, durability, and safety of 2-DR compared to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (3-DR).

Patients and methods
This was an observational, ambispective study that included all treatment-naïve (TN) and treatment-experienced (TE) people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), who started 2-DR or 3-DR between 01 July 2018, and 31 January 2022. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority, at 24 and 48 weeks, of 2-DR vs 3-DR regarding the percentage of PLWH with viral load (VL)<50 and 200 copies/mL in TN (12% margin) and VL≥50 and 200 copies/mL in TE (4% margin). Durability of response and safety were also measured.

Results
292 PLWH were included (39 TN and 253 TE). In TN PLWH, non-inferiority was not achieved at 24 weeks (17; 95% CI -17 to 51 p = 0.348). By week 48, all PLWH on 3-DR maintained VL<50 copies/mL compared to 70% of PLWH on 2-DR although without reaching statistical significance (-33; 95% CI -60 to -10 p = 0.289). Non-inferiority was not achieved in TE PLWH either at 24 (0.4; 95% CI -9 to 10 p = 1) or at 48 weeks (4.5; 95% CI -0.5 to 9 p = 0.132). In TN, the risk of treatment discontinuation was similar between groups (HR: 0.31, p = 0.07); similar rates were also found in TE (HR: 1.3, p = 0.38). TE PLWH on 2-DR showed a better safety profile compared to 3-DR (p = 0.017).

Conclusion
Our results did not show non-inferiority in terms of virological effectiveness. Additionally, durability and safety of 2-DR were confirmed to be similar to 3-DR.
The Attitude of Breastfeeding
Authors: Suradi Rulina , Suharyono Suharyono , Supardi Supardi , Hariarti Hariarti , Tumbelaka W. A. F. J. 
Published: September 2023

A study of 211 mothers has been done at the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta and showed that more than half respectively 5I,9% in the low income group and 54,3% in the middle income group started feeding their babies not before 12 hours after birth and in the high income group 50,9% were fed after 24 hours. The number of mothers from all income group who breastfed has increased if we compare it to the condition before breastfeeding campaign one year before.
The main reason to stop breastfeeding are in the middle and high income group due to willingness of the mother (the mother does not want to breast feed any more) because she has to work or due to the influence of advertisements.
While in the low income group it is to the thought that after a certain time solid foods is enough for the baby.
IUD is more popular amongst the low income mothers. This must be investigated more widely as to be used for breastfeeding campaign.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis among Newborn Infants Suffering from Gastroenteritis: A Clinical evaluation of 17 cases
Authors: Munir Muzief , Husada Tjandra , Soeharno Soeharno , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat 
Published: September 2023

Seventeen infants with NNEC were evaluated. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and rontgenographic findings. Twelve out of them had a low birth weight (less than 2500 grams) and 5 were prematures. Since only 2 cases had asphyxia at 1 minute after birth, asphyxia apparently played only a small role as the perinatal factor in the development of NNEC. Besides gastroenteritis, bronchopneumonia and meningitis were the accompanying diseases in 2 cases and 1 case respectively. Bacterial findings from the stool and cerebrospinal fluid were as follows: E. Coli 0111 K 58 (b), 0126 K 71 (B) H2 were cultured from the stool of 7 infants; Pseudomonas from cerebrospinal fluid was found in 1 case.
Prior to the onset of symptoms, all of these infants were fed with milk formula. Therefore the authors believe that infections and formula feedings play an important role in the development of NNEC.
The survival rate of our cases was poor with 52% deaths (9 out of 17), and 2 of them had intestinal perforation. Anemia which develops rapidly should be taken into account in the management of NNEC.
Giardiasis in Protein Calorie Malnutrition at Gadjah Mada Hospital, Y ogyakarta
Authors: Soehadi Soehadi , Soeprapto Soeprapto , P. A. Moenginah , Ismangoen Ismangoen , S. Noerhayati , Musfiroh Siti 
Published: September 2023

The study consisted of forty-one patients hospitalized at the Child Health Department of the Gadjah Mada Hospital in Yogyakarta: 24 children were suffering from PCM with a body weight of more than 60% of the Harvard standard and 17 children from PCM with a body weight of less than 60% of the Harvard standard.
The stools of these patients were examined for Giardia lamblia. The result was I6 (39.02%) positive. The Lipiodol Absorption Test of the patients with Giardia lamblia revealed :

40% from the PCM with a body weight of more than 60% of the Harvard standard were negative.
8I.82% from the PCM with a body weight of less than 60% of the Harvard standard were negative.

The lower the nutritional status the higher the risk for Giardia infection.