bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative results after iris reconstruction with an Artificialiris® implant with consideration of the cause of the iris defects
Authors: Riedl Jana C , Pfeffer Nora , Giers Bert C , Schuster Alexander K , Vossmerbaeumer Urs 
Published: February 2023

Purpose To test the hypothesis that severely damaged eyes are more likely to experience postoperative complications after an ArtificialIris® (AI) implantation than other iris defects. Methods Patients after iris reconstruction with an AI were included in this consecutive case series of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mainz, Germany. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), objective refraction (KR 8900 Topcon, Tokyo, Japan) and Scheimpflug imaging of the anterior segment with Pentacam® (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany)and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients after AI implantation were included, separated in partial or total aniridia in a closed globe (group 1, n = 16) and after perforating globe injury (group 2, n = 16). Two or more previous surgeries in the corresponding eye were found in two patients (12.5%) in group 1 and eleven patients (69%) in group 2 (p = 0.001). The time span between initial trauma or iris defect and AI implantation was not significantly related to the occurrence and severity of postoperative complications ( p = 0.89). Postoperative complications were classified into mild and severe and showed no differences between group 1 and group 2 (mild: 1 vs. 0; p = 0.52; severe: 5 vs. 6 p = 0.8). Conclusion AI implantation is a treatment option for various iris defects. An individual, case-based decision should be made with strict indication also considering other possible methods for pupil reconstruction. The postoperative outcome is not affected by the time point of AI implantation. So, an implantation is already possible as early as six weeks after the previous trauma.
Semi-Permanent Use of Indocyanine Green Latex Phantom for Fluorescence Emission
Authors: Kim Min Chan , Yoon Kicheol , Kim Kwang Gi 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Testing the fluorescence emission of the vascular circulation status of the indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence contrast agent to validate the system performance is crucial. Hence, the development of an ICG phantom is imperative, and this study proposes a method for manufacturing an ICG phantom. Method The ICG with an initial concentration was subjected to 0.2 cc sampling through syringe(x), and an ICG (0.2 cc) is diluted with silicon (Si) latex lubber (10 mL) during the manufactured the phantom. The brightest fluorescence expression state is 30 μM, and if it exceeded 50 μM, fluorescence fading occurred and changed to a dark color. Results The liquid (ICG) of the concentration range is 0.003 mM to 0.24 mM, and the maximum fluorescence expression range is 0.005 to 0.006 mM when the phantom is irradiated using a 780-nm (800 mW) LED. In addition, the fluorescence emission is reduced to 0.24 mM, and the fluorescence expression concentration is 10 μM, 30 μM, and 50 μM, respectively. The decreasing of the fluorescence emission is beginning to 50 μM. Conclusions In this study, the proposed phantom with ICG fluorescence emission using latex lubber is proposed. In this works, the proposed phantom is improved the performance for ICG fluorescence emission. In the manufactured phantom, the phantom is used for gelatin, and the advance of phantom has easy manufacturing and long-life fluorescence emission (semipermanent) due to incorrodible material (latex lubber). To experimental results of a phantom, the ICG fluorescent contrast medium (0.055 mM) is same to 30 μM. Then, the 0.055 mM and 30 μM have high resolution and fluorescence emission status. Thus, the results are in good agreement.
Cut-off values of internal rotation in the glenohumeral joint for functional tasks in children with brachial plexus birth injury
Authors: Delioğlu Kıvanç , Uzumcugil Akin , Öztürk Ebru , Bıyık Kubra Seyhan , Ozal Cemil , Gunel Mintaze Kerem 
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the cut-off values of the range of internal rotation motion in the isolated glenohumeral joint that is required for functional tasks in children with an upper root injury of the brachial plexus. Internal rotation motion was measured using a universal goniometer in 97 participants. The Mallet Hand to Spine and Mallet Hand to Belly tasks were assessed as functional tasks that require internal rotation of the shoulder. For the Hand to Spine task, 41° passive and 30° active internal rotation were necessary to reach the S1 level. For the Hand to Belly task, 42° passive and 29° active internal rotation were required to place the palm on the belly without wrist flexion. Of our participants, 97% could touch the belly with or without wrist flexion, but 28% could not reach S1 in the Hand to Spine task. The results of this study show the necessary amount of internal rotation of the shoulder that should be considered in treatment strategies. Level of evidence: III
Relationship between the prosthesis scapular neck angle and clinical outcomes in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Zino Kuhn M , Hao Kevin A , Cueto Robert J , Dean Ethan W , King Joseph J , Schoch Bradley S , Wright Jonathan O , Farmer Kevin W , Struk Aimee M , Wright Thomas W 
Published: February 2023

Background Optimal glenosphere positioning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) remains highly debated. We aimed to characterize the association between the prosthesis scapular neck angle (PSNA) and postoperative range of motion (ROM) and clinical outcome scores. Methods A retrospective review of 284 RSAs using a single design with minimum 2-year follow-up was performed. Glenosphere tilt was measured postoperatively using PSNA. ROM and functional outcome scores were assessed preoperatively and at latest follow-up. The PSNA was dichotomized to inferior or superior groups (>90° vs ≤ 90°, respectively) and stratified into quartiles; ROM and outcome score measures were compared between groups controlling for inferior glenosphere overhang. Results No range of PSNA was consistently associated with superior ROM, clinical outcome scores, or rates of complications including scapular notching. However, greater preoperative to postoperative improvement in active FE was found for superiorly (PSNA ≤ 90°) versus inferiorly tilted glenospheres (37° ± 33° vs 53° ± 35°, P  =  0.005) and the greater improvement in active FE (57° ± 35°, P  =  0.004) was further isolated to the first quartile (mean 85.1° ± 3.5°). Discussion A lack of variation in clinical outcomes based on PSNA suggests negligible short-term (median follow-up 3.1 years) clinical significance when glenosphere tilt falls within the distribution of this cohort (mean 92.6° ± 6.2°).
Antimicrobial Natural Products Derived from Microorganisms Inhabiting the MENA Region
Authors: Awada Bassel , Chahine Dany Abi , Derbaj Ghada , Khalek Pascal Abdel , Awad Mireille Kallassy , Fayad Antoine Abou 
Published: February 2023

Objective/Background Natural products (NPs) derived from microorganisms are the basis of a plethora of clinically utilized medications, namely, antimicrobial remedies. Although these secondary metabolites have been extensively explored all over the planet, they remain understudied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods A literature search was conducted to first find NPs that were isolated from environmental fungi and bacteria that inhabit the soils and seawater of the MENA region. Then, purified molecules with biological activity against pathogenic bacteria, biofilms, fungi, and parasites were described in terms of structure, function, and location. Moreover, the methods that could be used to ameliorate the discovery of novel NPs from this region were investigated. Results A multitude of antimicrobial molecules from various chemical classes were found to be derived from the environmental microbes of MENA. Although many were rediscovered, some represented novel structural scaffolds for novel families of antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the geographical distribution showed a high number of these NPs were unraveled in a restricted area leaving much of MENA untapped. Furthermore, as relatively traditional and low-efficiency methods were typically used in the discovery process, advanced high-throughput techniques were suggested to enhance this practice at the regional level. Conclusion MENA represents a fairly unexploited region where antimicrobial drug discovery could be performed comprehensively through the concomitant exploration of untouched geographical locations and advanced molecular techniques.
Changes in the Subchondral Bone Affect Pain in the Natural Course of Traumatic Articular Cartilage Defects
Authors: Kato Yuichi , Nakasa Tomoyuki , Sumii Junichi , Kanemitsu Munekazu , Ishikawa Masakazu , Miyaki Shigeru , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: February 2023

Objective Articular cartilage defect causes joint pain and finally progresses to osteoarthritis. Although the subchondral bone condition affects clinical outcomes of cartilage defects, the natural course of changes in subchondral bone and associated pain in full-thickness cartilage defects remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the natural course of histological changes in subchondral bone and joint pain in cartilage defects using a rat model. Design Full-thickness cartilage defects were created at the medial femoral condyle of 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days postoperatively, and histological including immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and micro-computed tomography (μCT) analyses of their knees were performed. Pain was evaluated using behavioral analysis and immunofluorescence staining of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Results The contour of the subchondral bone plate was maintained until day 3, but it was absorbed just under the cartilage defect from day 7 to 14. Starting on day 28, sclerotic changes surrounding the bone absorption area were detected. In the subchondral bone, the number of TRAP-positive cells peaked on day 14. Osteocalcin-positive cells were observed at 7 days, and their number gradually increased till day 56. Behavioral analysis showed that the total distance and the number of getting up by hind legs decreased on day 14. The number of calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive fibers in the DRG increased and was the highest on day 14. Conclusions The subchondral bone condition under cartilage defects dynamically changes from bone resorption to sclerosis and is related to pain level.
Association between digital literacy, internet addiction, and cyberloafing among higher education students: A structural equation modeling
Authors: Arslantas Tugba Kamali , Yaylacı Muhammed Emre , Özkaya Mehmet 
Published: February 2023

The current study aims to examine the association between digital literacy (DL), Internet addiction (IA) and cyberloafing (CL) levels of higher education students in Turkey. In addition, the study examined the correlation between “daily Internet use,” “initial Internet usage,” and “purpose of Internet use” with the variables of DL, IA, and CL. The study groups consisted of 1220 higher education students including all faculties and all grades of a state university. The “Digital Literacy Scale,” “Internet Addiction Scale,” and “Cyberloafing Scale” were used as data collection instruments. The study’s findings revealed initial Internet usage to be a predictor of DL, IA, and CL. Similarly, participants who spent more than 6 h using the Internet during a day have a higher level of DL, CL, and IA. Results from structural equation modeling reported a positive association between DL and IA, a negative association between DL and CL, and a positive relationship between IA and CL. Moreover, an indirect effect was revealed from DL to CL through IA. The study suggests improving students’ DL skills, as they form the basis of avoiding CL behavior, and using the Internet mostly for educational purposes.
Patient and provider perspectives to utilization of telemedicine in surgery
Authors: Mark John , Cooke David T , Suri Avni , Huynh Timothy T , Yoon Paul S , Humphries Misty D 
Published: February 2023

Objectives Determine patient and provider perspectives on widespread rapid telemedicine implementation, understand the key components of a surgical telemedicine visit and identify factors that affect future telemedicine use. Summary of background data Compared to other specialties, the field of surgery heretofore has had limited adoption of telemedicine. During the COVID-19 pandemic Healthcare, including the surgical specialties, saw new widespread use of telemedicine. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study during the COVID-19 California stay-at-home and physical distancing executive orders. Utilization data were collected from clinics and compared to usage data during the same time 1 year later. All patients and providers who participated in a telemedicine visit during the study period were asked to complete a survey after each encounter and the surveys were analyzed for trends in opinions on future use by stakeholders. Results Over the 10-week period, the median percentage of telemedicine visits per clinic was 33% (17%–51%) which peaked 3 weeks into implementation. One hundred and ninety-one patients (48% women) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 53–73) completed the patient survey. Patients were first-time participants in telemedicine in 41% ( n = 79) of visits. Fifty-seven percent ( n = 45) of first-time users preferred that future visits be in-person versus 31% of prior users ( p = 0.007). The median travel time from home to the clinic was 40 min (IQR = 20–90). Patients with longer travel times were not more likely to use telemedicine in the future (61% with longer travel vs. 53% shorter, p = 0.11). From the 148 provider responses, 90% of the visits providers were able to create a definitive plan with the telemedicine visit. A physical exam was determined not to be needed in 45% of the visits. An attempt at any physical exam was not performed in 84% of routine follow-up or new-patient visits, compared to 53% of post-op visits ( p = 0.001). Conclusion Telemedicine is a viable ambulatory visit option for surgical specialists and their patients. During rapid telemedicine deployment, travel distance did not correlate with increased use of telemedicine, and in-person visits are still preferred. However, nearly half of all visits did not need a physical exam, which favors telemedicine use.
AAV-glycine receptor α3 alleviates CFA-induced inflammatory pain by downregulating ERK phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in SD rats
Authors: Wang Hung-Chen , Cheng Kuang-I , Tseng Kuang-Yi , Kwan Aij-Lie , Chang Lin-Li 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) play key roles in the processing of inflammatory pain. The use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapy in human clinical trials has shown promise, as AAV generally causes a very mild immune response and long-term gene transfer, and there have been no reports of disease. Therefore, we used AAV for GlyRα1/3 gene transfer in F11 neuron cells and into Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats to investigate the effects and roles of AAV-GlyRα1/3 on cell cytotoxicity and inflammatory response.

Methods
In vitro experiments were performed using plasmid adeno-associated virus (pAAV)-GlyRα1/3-transfected F11 neurons to investigate the effects of pAAV-GlyRα1/3 on cell cytotoxicity and the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated inflammatory response. In vivo experiment, the association between GlyRα3 and inflammatory pain was analyzed in normal rats after AAV-GlyRα3 intrathecal injection and after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intraplantar administration. Intrathecal AAV-GlyRα3 delivery into SD rats was evaluated in terms of its potential for alleviating CFA-induced inflammatory pain.

Results
The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling and neuronal injury marker activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescence; the level of cytokine expression was measured by ELISA. The results showed that pAAV/pAAV-GlyRα1/3 transfection into F11 cells did not significantly reduce cell viability or induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation or ATF-3 activation. PGE2-induced ERK phosphorylation in F11 cells was repressed by the expression of pAAV-GlyRα3 and administration of an EP2 inhibitor, GlyRαs antagonist (strychnine), and a protein kinase C inhibitor. Additionally, intrathecal AAV-GlyRα3 administration to SD rats significantly decreased CFA-induced inflammatory pain and suppressed CFA-induced ERK phosphorylation, did not induce obvious histopathological injury but increased ATF-3 activation in dorsal root ganglion (DRGs).

Conclusions
Antagonists of the prostaglandin EP2 receptor, PKC, and glycine receptor can inhibit PGE2-induced ERK phosphorylation. Intrathecal AAV-GlyRα3 administration to SD rats significantly decreased CFA-induced inflammatory pain and suppressed CFA-induced ERK phosphorylation, did not significantly induce gross histopathological injury but elicited ATF-3 activation. We suggest that PGE2-induced ERK phosphorylation can be modulated by GlyRα3, and AAV-GlyRα3 significantly downregulated CFA-induced cytokine activation.
Sorptive removal of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during drinking water treatment using activated carbon and anion exchanger
Authors: Riegel Marcel , Haist-Gulde Brigitte , Sacher Frank 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLaboratory tests and column tests were carried out in a waterwoks to investigate the removal of short- and long-chain PFAS using activated carbon filtration and ion exchange treatment. For all adsorbents, the sorption affinity of short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA) was significantly lower than that of long-chain PFAS or short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA). In the PFAS-polluted groundwater matrix, the short-chain PFCA PFBA and PFPeA could only be sufficiently removed with activated carbon over short run times of 6000 and 11,000 bed volumes (BV), respectively. Longer PFCA with a chain length of C6 or more were removed over longer run times.The removal of short-chain PFCA using ion exchange media could also only be achieved over relatively short run times of 5000 BV for PFBA, 10,000BV for PFPeA and 18,000 BV for PFHxA. These are sometimes significantly longer than those of activated carbon. Due to the higher material costs for ion exchange media, there are nevertheless no lower operating costs when the ion exchangers are used in single-use mode. However, ion exchangers can be regenerated and then reused which can result in economic advantages compared to activated carbon filtration. However, for the extensive regeneration, especially for the elution of the long-chain PFAS, the additional use of ethanol is needed in the process. In contrast, the short-chain PFBA and PFPeA can be extracted without organic solvent from a weakly basic ion exchanger.
Is telemedicine a holy grail in healthcare policy: clinicians’ and patients’ perspectives from an Apex Institution in Western India
Authors: Gupta Nainsi , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Mantri Neha , Sridevi G. , Patel Mamta , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Singh Kuldeep , Garg M. K. , Bhardwaj Pankaj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to explore the perception of doctors regarding telemedicine consultations and the level of patient satisfaction with the services received through teleconsultations.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on clinicians who provided teleconsultations and patients who received teleconsultations in an Apex healthcare institution in Western India. Semi-structured interview schedules were used to record the quantitative and qualitative information. Clinicians’ perceptions and patients’ satisfaction were assessed using two different 5-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.23 using non-parametric tests (Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U).

Results
A total of 52 clinicians who delivered teleconsultations and 134 patients who received teleconsultations from those doctors were interviewed in this study. For 69% of doctors, telemedicine was feasible to implement, and for the rest, it was challenging. Doctors believe telemedicine is convenient for patients (77%) and prevents the transmission of infection (94.2%). Difficulty in clinical evaluation (73%), communication (55.7%), network connectivity (34%), diagnosis and investigations (32%), and patients’ e-illiteracy (32%) were the most common challenges faced by clinicians. Patients’ experiences were positive in terms of ease of registration (82.1%), audio quality (100%), freedom to discuss medicine (94.8%), and comprehension of the diagnoses (88.1%). Patients expressed satisfaction with the length of the teleconsultation (81.4%), the advice and care they received (78.4%), and the manner and communication of the clinicians (78.4%).

Conclusions
Though there were some challenges in the implementation of telemedicine, the clinicians perceived it quite helpful. The majority of the patients were satisfied with teleconsultation services. Difficulty in registration, lack of communication, and a deep-rooted mindset of physical consultations were the primary concerns from the patient side.
Continuous relative phases of walking with an articulated passive ankle–foot prosthesis in individuals with a unilateral transfemoral and transtibial amputation: an explorative case–control study
Authors: Lathouwers Elke , Baeyens Jean-Pierre , Tassignon Bruno , Gomez Felipe , Cherelle Pierre , Meeusen Romain , Vanderborght Bram , De Pauw Kevin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
A mechanical ankle–foot prosthesis (Talaris Demonstrator) was developed to improve prosthetic gait in people with a lower-limb amputation. This study aims to evaluate the Talaris Demonstrator (TD) during level walking by mapping coordination patterns based on the sagittal continuous relative phase (CRP).

Methods
Individuals with a unilateral transtibial amputation, transfemoral amputation and able-bodied individuals completed 6 minutes of treadmill walking in consecutive blocks of 2 minutes at self-selected (SS) speed, 75% SS speed and 125% SS speed. Lower extremity kinematics were captured and hip–knee and knee–ankle CRPs were calculated. Statistical non-parametric mapping was applied and statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results
The hip–knee CRP at 75% SS walking speed with the TD was larger in the amputated limb of participants with a transfemoral amputation compared to able-bodied individuals at the beginning and end of the gait cycle (p = 0.009). In people with a transtibial amputation, the knee–ankle CRP at SS and 125% SS walking speeds with the TD were smaller in the amputated limb at the beginning of the gait cycle compared to able-bodied individuals (p = 0.014 and p = 0.014, respectively). Additionally, no significant differences were found between both prostheses. However, visual interpretation indicates a potential advantage of the TD over the individual's current prosthesis.

Conclusion
This study provides lower-limb coordination patterns in people with a lower-limb amputation and reveals a possible beneficial effect of the TD over the individuals’ current prosthesis. Future research should include a well-sampled investigation of the adaptation process combined with the prolonged effects of the TD.