bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk Prediction Model for Efficient Intubation in the Emergency Department: A Five-Year Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ding Hongbo , Feng Xue , Yang Qi , Yang Yichang , Zhu Siyi , Ji Xiaozhen , Kang Yangbo , Shen Jiashen , Zhao Mei , Xu ShanXiang , Ning Gangmin , Xu Yongan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
To analyze the risk factors associated with intubated critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED) and develop a prediction model by machine learning (ML) algorithms.
Methods
This study was conducted in an academic tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. Critical ill patients admitted to the ED were retrospectively analyzed from May 2018 to July 2022. The demographic characteristics, distribution of organ dysfunction, parameters for different organs’ examination, and status of mechanical ventilation were recorded. These patients were assigned to the positive and negative groups according to ventilation support. We used the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to develop the prediction model and compared it with other algorithms, such as logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and random forest (RF). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to analyze the risk factors of intubated critically ill patients in the ED. Then, the best performance of the predictive model was used for auxiliary diagnosis.
Results
Of 14,589 critically ill patients, 10212 comprised the training group and 4377 comprised the test group; 2289 intubated patients were obtained from the electronic medical records. The mean age, the mean scores of vital signs, the parameters of different organs, and blood oxygen examination results differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.05). The white blood cell count, international normalized ratio, respiratory rate, and pH are the top four risk factors for intubation in critically ill patients. Based on the risk factors in different predictive models, the XGBoost model showed the highest AUROC (0.8353) for predicting ED intubation.
Conclusions
For critically ill patients in the ED, the proposed model can predict potential intubation based on the risk factors in the clinically predictive model.
Supercharged NK cells, unlike primary activated NK cells, effectively target ovarian cancer cells irrespective of MHC-class I expression
Authors: Jewett Anahid , Huerta-Yepez Sara , Chen Po-Chun , Kaur Kawaljit , Jain Yash , Singh Tanya , Esedebe Favour , Liao Yi Jou , DiBernardo Gabriella , Moatamed Neda A. , Mei Ao , Malarkannan Subramaniam , Graeber Thomas , Memarzadeh Sanaz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ovarian cancers are the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. Significant decreases in the numbers and function of NK-cells in patients, as shown in this paper may significantly contribute to the survival and expansion of aggressive poorly-differentiated-cancer-stem-like-cells (PDCSCs) with no/low expression of MHC-class I. Indeed, when gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed based on differentially expressed genes, decreased differentiation- and immune-related genes, and increased genes for cell cycle analysis were observed in recurrent tumors when compared to chemonaive ovarian tumors. We have previously identified and characterized a unique population of NK cells coined as supercharged NK cells (sNK) for their significant tumor killing capabilities. We demonstrate in this paper the increased gene expression as well as secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α and increased avidity in binding to tumor cells by sNK cells. Unlike primary IL-2 activated NK cells, sNK cells greatly lysed OVCAR8 ovarian PDCSCs and well differentiated OVCAR4 tumors when assessed in a long-term killing assay using esight. Patient-derived ovarian cancer cells or patient derived xerografts (PDXs) with lower MHC class I expression, were highly susceptible to sNK cells, whereas well differentiated tumors with high expression of MHC class I were only susceptible to sNK cells when compared to primary IL-2 activated NK cells. Thus, the use of sNK cells in immunotherapy emerges as a potentially effective strategy to target and eliminate all clones of ovarian tumors, thereby preventing recurrences.
Your Health Kiosk: A Pilot Study to Enhance Healthcare Access and Health Promotion among Spanish-Speaking Hispanics
Authors: Ge Derek , Akat Elif , Sarilla Ganesh , Soherwardy Nabeeha , Ahmad Hanzla , Fernandez-Rodriguez Elvia , Shu Carol , Andrews Tracy , Hussain Sabiha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Importance: Cancer screening remains a pivotal step in early detection and treatment, yet disparities persist in healthcare access, particularly among racial-ethnic minorities and low-income residents. Digital platforms offer innovative avenues to bridge these gaps.
Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a digital platform named Your Health Kiosk (YHK), which pairs a text-based intervention with patient navigators (PN), to promote cancer screening and assess social risk factors (SRF) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This pilot study, conducted six months following the official launch, involved 220 participants recruited in Middlesex County, New Jersey. Demographic and SRF were gathered through surveys sent by YHK.
Results: Most participants were female (168, 76%), Hispanic (158, 72%), and Spanish speaking (142, 65%). The majority (183, 83%) were flagged for cancer screening. Out of 183 flagged, 26 (14%) were subsequently contacted by our PN, with a vast majority (25, 96%), accepting a referral for cancer screening. Additionally, four individuals not flagged for cancer screening opted in to receive a referral. In total, 29 participants were provided with a referral, and of these, nearly two-thirds (19, 66%), either scheduled or underwent cancer screening. Furthermore, five participants (17%) who expressed SRF were appropriately directed to relevant social services.
Conclusion: YHK has demonstrated promise in reaching underserved communities, successfully providing referrals to cancer screening, and addressing barriers to care.
Ocean cavity regime shift reversed West Antarctic grounding line retreat in the late Holocene
Authors: Lowry Daniel , Han Holly Kyeore , Golledge Nicholas , Gomez Natalya , Johnson Katelyn , McKay Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Holocene climate variations were relatively modest compared to the preceding deglaciation and anthropogenic climate change. Yet recent geologic evidence suggests that the grounding line of the Siple Coast of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) retreated hundreds of kilometers beyond its present position during the middle to late Holocene (7.5 to 2.0 ka) and readvanced within the past 2.0 ka. The extent to which these substantial ice sheet changes were driven by climatic or non-climatic processes is debated. The inferred retreat and readvance have been attributed to both changing rates of isostatic rebound and regional climate change. We test these two hypotheses using a proxy-informed ensemble of ice sheet model simulations with varying ocean thermal forcing, global glacioisostatic adjustment (GIA) model simulations, and coupled ice sheet-GIA simulations that consider the interactions between these two processes. Our results indicate that a regime shift from a warm to cold ocean cavity due to increased polynya efficiency in the Late Holocene is the most likely cause of this past grounding line migration. This implies that the Siple Coast grounding line is sensitive to future changes in the Ross Sea polynya and sub-ice shelf ocean circulation.
Alerta Cannabis: A Tailored-Computer Web-Based Program for the Prevention of Cannabis Use in Adolescents: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Lima-Serrano Marta , Barrera-Villalba Carmen , Mac-Fadden Isotta , De Vries Hein , Mesters Ilse 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The growing use of cannabis in adolescence is a public health problem that must be addressed through prevention. In Spain, the average age of initiation of cannabis use in the adolescent population is 14.8 years. At 14 years, the lifetime prevalence of cannabis use is 11.7%, which increases to 51.,5% at the age of 18; the prevalence of cannabis use in the population aged 14 to 18 years is 28.6%, a figure that must be tried to reduce, that is why this school prevention program is proposed: Alerta Cannabis.
Methods
The Alerta Cannabis research project consists of design, implementation, and evaluation. In the first phase, a computer-tailored eHealth program (Alerta Cannabis) is developed based on the I-Change Model, an integrated model based on three main behavioral change processes: awareness, motivation, and action. This program consists of four 30-minute sessions that will provide culturally adapted and personalized advice to motivate students not to use cannabis through text feedback, animations, and gamification techniques. This phase will also include usability testing. In the implementation phase, secondary school students from Western Andalusia, Spain (Seville, Cádiz, Huelva, and Córdoba) and Eastern Andalusia (Jaén, Málaga, and Granada) will be randomized to an experimental condition (EC) or a control condition (CC) for a cluster randomized clinical trial (CRCT). Each condition will have 35 classes within 8 schools. GI will receive the online intervention Alerta Cannabis. EC and CC will have to fill out a questionnaire at baseline, six months, and twelve months of follow-up. In the last phase, the effect of Alerta Cannabis is been evaluated. The primary outcomes are the lifetime prevalence of cannabis use and its use in the last 30 days and at 6 months. At 12 months of follow-up, the prevalence in the last 12 months will also be assessed. The secondary outcome is the intention to use cannabis.
Discussion
The study test the effect of the innovative program specifically aimed to reduce the use of cannabis in the adolescent population through eHealth in Spain. The findings aim to develop and implement evidence-based cannabis prevention interventions, which could support school prevention, for instance, the assistance of school nurses. If the program proves to be effective, it could be useful to prevent cannabis use on a national and international scale.
Trial registration
NCT05849636. Date of registration: March 16, 2023.
Cascaded terahertz parametric generation under noncollinear phase matching condition
Authors: Mine Sota , Kawase Kodo , Murate Kosuke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In our study, we directly observed terahertz (THz) waves generated through a cascade process utilizing a noncollinear phase matching condition in a THz parametric generator. Although there has been extensive research into cascade processes using collinear phase matching, studies focusing on cascade processes with noncollinear phase matching, such as our injection-seeded THz parametric generator (is-TPG), have been less common. However, understanding the cascade process in is-TPG is not only crucial for the development of THz-wave sources but also holds significance for THz parametric detection and amplification, and there has been a demand for its direct observation. In this research, using a high-power seed beam, we efficiently induced the cascade process, and by tilting the crystal, we were able to detect higher-order THz-waves near the end face that had not been observed before. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have observed THz-waves generated by a cascade process under noncollinear phase matching conditions. Our findings provide vital empirical data for the theoretical examination of THz parametric generation. We anticipate that this study will pave the way for future research aimed at enhancing the output power of THz sources.
Detection of dynamic lung hyperinflation using cardiopulmonary exercise testing and respiratory function in patients with stable cardiac disease: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Kominami Kazuyuki , Noda Kazuki , Minagawa Nanaho , Yonezawa Kazuya , Ueda Masanori , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Murata Makoto , Akino Masatoshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Many patients with heart disease potentially have comorbid COPD, however there are not enough opportunities for screening and the qualitative differentiation of shortness of breath (SOB) has not been well established. We investigated the detection rate of SOB based on a visual and qualitative dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) detection index during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and whether there was a difference in respiratory function between the two groups.
Methods
We recruited 534 patients with heart disease and to scrutinize physical functions (369 males, 67.0 ± 12.9 years) who underwent CPET and spirometry simultaneously. The difference between inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume was calculated (TV E-I) from the breath-by-breath data. A TV E-I decrease after the start of exercise comprised the convex group, and a TV E-I that remained unchanged or increased comprised the non-convex group.
Results
129 patients (24.2%) were in the convex; there was no difference in clinical characteristics between groups. The Borg scale scores at the end of the CPET showed no difference. VE/VCO2 slope, its Y-intercept and minimum VE/VCO2 showed no significant difference. In the convex group, FEV1.0% was significantly lower (69.4 ± 13.1 vs. 75.0 ± 9.0%), and FEV1.0% and Y-intercept and the difference between minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slope were significantly correlated (r=-0.343 and r=-0.478).
Conclusions
The convex group showed decreased respiratory function, suggesting potential airway obstruction during exercise. A combined assessment of the TV E-I and Y-intercept of the VE/VCO2 slope or the difference between the minimum VE/VCO2 and VE/VCO2 slopes could potentially detect COPD or airway obstruction.
Climatology of severe hail potential in Europe based on a convection-permitting simulation
Authors: Kahraman Abdullah , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We present a new approach to identify severe hailstorms in a convection-permitting climate model, and build a climatology of severe hail potential in Europe using an ingredients-based approach based on a 20-year long hindcast simulation. Severe hail in Europe occurs mostly in southern regions (up to 40 times a year per 10,000 km2 around Northern Italy), and from May to August. It peaks from afternoon to evening hours on land, whilst sea areas are prone to hail at any time of the day. The Mediterranean Sea experiences severe hailstorms mostly in autumn: the central Mediterranean has the highest frequency among all regions studied, and may be considered as an unknown alley for hailstorms in Europe. Results derived from the high-resolution model are in very good agreement with existing hail climatologies from observations, including the fine scale spatial variation. We conclude that our approach provides a reliable proxy for studying changes in severe hail in future convection-permitting simulations.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio is a Better Tool than Monocyte to HDL-C Ratio and Neutrophil to HDL-C Ratio in Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Han Rongfeng , Li Junfeng , Liu Ying , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are likely to develop kidney disease. Early diagnosis, finding predictors and controlling risk factors are of great significance for T2DM patients. Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study investigated the relationship among the new inflammatory markers, namely, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHR), and type 2 diabetic kidney disease (T2DKD) and evaluated which is more valuable in the inflammatory process of DKD.
Methods
A total of 1142 adult T2DM patients were enrolled in the current study. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their albumin excretion rate (AER). Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlations between the AER, eGFR and clinical variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations among the three new inflammatory markers and DKD in patients with T2DM. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were then used to assess the ability of the NLR, MHR, and NHR to discriminate DKD, macroalbuminuria and kidney impairment in T2DM patients.
Results
The AER was significantly positively correlated with the NLR, MHR and NHR, while eGFR was significantly negatively correlated with the NLR, MHR and NHR (P < 0.05 for all). The NLR, MHR and NHR all demonstrated strong positive associations with DKD risk in T2DM patients in the crude model and after adjusting for confounding factors (P < 0.05 for all). The NLR had the highest AUC among the three indicators for DKD, macroalbuminuria and kidney impairment in T2DM patients. The NLR, MHR and NHR all had significant discriminative ability for macroalbuminuria in patients with T2DM.
Conclusions
The NLR, MHR and NHR were all risk factors for type 2 diabetes nephropathy. The NLR was a better predictor of DKD, macroalbuminuria and kidney impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) than the MHR and NHR.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Variants During the 2023 Flu Season and Beyond in Lebanon
Authors: Kodsi^ Ibrahim Al , Rayes^ Douaa El , Koweyes Jad , Khoury Charbel Al , Rahy Kelven , Thoumi Sergio , Chamoun Mark , Haddad Hoda , Mokhbat Jacques , Tokajian Sima 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background Early SARS-CoV-2 variant detection relies on testing and genomic surveillance. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has quickly become the dominant type among the previous circulating variants worldwide. Several subvariants have emerged exhibiting greater infectivity and immune evasion. In this study we aimed at studying the prevalence of the Omicron subvariants during the flu season and beyond in Lebanon through genomic screening and at determining the overall standing and trajectory of the pandemic in the country.Methods A total of 155 SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples were sequenced, using the nanopore sequencing technology.Results Among the sequenced samples, 39 Omicron variants were detected. XBB.1.5 (23.29%) was the most common, followed by XBB.1.9.1 (10.96%) and XBB.1.42 (7.5%). The first batch collected between September and November 2022, included the BA.2.75.2, BA.5.2, BA.5.2.20, BA.5.2.25 and BQ.1.1.5 lineages. Between December 2022 and January 2023, those lineages were replaced by BA.2.75.5, BN.1, BN.1.4, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BQ.1.1.23, CH.1.1, CM.4 and XBK. Starting February 2023, we observed a gradual emergence and dominance of the recombinant XBB and its sub-lineages (XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.5.2, XBB.1.5.3, XBB.1.9, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.2, XBB.1.16, XBB.1.22 and XBB.1.42).Conclusions The timely detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 variants is important to reduce transmission through established disease control measures and to avoid introductions into animal populations that could lead to serious public health implications.
Reconstruction of the network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA based on ceRNA mechanism to reveal functional miRNAs and lncRNAs in Burns and Keloids
Authors: Wang Yueru , Pan Jiaojiao , Wang Zhichao , Wang He , Lei Ziwen , Liu Jing , Zou Junbo , Luan Fei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds:
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) exert its pharmacological action by sponging related miRNA to regulate gene expression. However, it remains unclear of regulatory roles of lncRNA-mediated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism in the crosstalk of burns and keloids.
Objective
To construct the ceRNA regulating network of burns based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.
Results
3576 DELs, 1427 DEMis, and 2555 DEMs were identified as differentially expressed genes. A ceRNA network composed of DELs-DEMis-DEMs in burns and keloids was constructed with an aberrant one composed of 23 DELs, 330 DEMs and 8 DEMis. Further, clusterProfiler package in R platform was employed to execute Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. The sub-network in the ceRNA network was extracted in which 3 lncRNAs, including lnc-WRB, lnc-SCNN1G and LINC00271 and 3 miRNAs, including has-miR-21, has-miR-34a and has-miR-155 were verified as key genes.
Conclusion
All the nodes in the sub-ceRNA network affect the pathological process of burns and keloids post-burns directly or indirectly. A new cognitive understanding of the DELs-DEMis-DEMs ceRNA network was provided to expound ceRNA regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of burns and keloids. However, systematic and rigorous experiments are needed to certify our findings.
Valence-isomer selective cycloaddition reaction to synthesize functionalized carbocycles
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Harada Shingo , Takenaka Hiroki , Ito Tsubasa , Kanda Haruki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The rapid and precise creation of complex molecules while controlling multiple selectivities is the principal objective in synthetic chemistry. Combining data science and organic synthesis to achieve this goal is an emerging trend, but few examples of successful reaction designs are reported. We developed an artificial neural network regression model using bond orbital data to predict chemical reactivities. Actual experimental verification confirmed cycloheptatriene-selective (6 + 2)-cycloaddition utilizing nitroso compounds and norcaradiene-selective (4 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions employing benzynes. Additionally, a one-pot asymmetric synthesis was achieved by telescoping the enantioselective dearomatization of non-activated benzenes and cycloadditions. Computational studies provide a rational explanation for the seemingly anomalous occurrence of thermally prohibited (6 + 2)-cycloaddition without photoirradiation.
Assessment of a small island’s groundwater resilience under the pressure of anthropogenic and natural stresses on Tunda Island, Indonesia
Authors: Solihuddin Tubagus , Prihantono Joko , Daulat August , Bramawanto Rikha , Risandi Johan , Kepel Terry Louise , Heriati Aida , Mustikasari Eva 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Groundwater resilience on small islands, especially low-lying carbonate islands like Tunda, is vulnerable to an expanding population, demand exceeding supply, contamination from human and animal waste, and climate change-related impacts. This study aims to evaluate the resilience of groundwater resources on Tunda Island, Banten, Indonesia, in response to anthropogenic activities and climate change-induced consequences. The data were compiled and collected from the official Indonesian government websites and direct field observations. Analysis of climate data reveals that January has the highest average monthly precipitation, with 292.32 mm, while August has the lowest, with 48.26 mm. This is proportional to monthly meteorological water storage, with amounts of 299,547 m3 in January and only 50,001 m3 in August. Typically, the groundwater levels on Tunda Island are higher than the mean sea level, ranging from 1.07 to 8.71 meters with flow direction from the inland (recharge) to the coast (discharge). Population growth from the last decade (2012–2022) and ten drought events caused by El Nino and positive IOD from 1979 to 2022 have not yet had a significant impact on Tunda Island's groundwater resilience. Similarly, the increase in the number of visitors between 2019 and 2021 has had no effect on the island's water security. However, these anthropogenic and natural stresses will inevitably deplete the island's water supply in the future. Hence, water management and planning, including the determination of regional water balances, were required to maintain the water supply and its sustainability.