bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleosol-derived paleoclimate and paleoenvironment reconstruction of the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania: implications for faunal dispersal in the Miocene–Pliocene
Authors: Orr Theresa J. , Roberts Eric M. , Bird Michael I. , Mtelela Cassy , O'Connor Patrick M. , Stevens Nancy J. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The East African Rift System records a key interval in the evolution of modern African ecosystems, documenting significant floral changes and faunal dispersals in the context of environmental shifts. To date, Miocene-to-Pliocene data from eastern Africa have been derived primarily from richly fossiliferous rift basins along the far north of the Eastern Branch of the rift, with more limited windows emerging from the Malawi Rift and more recently, coastal Mozambique. Here, we present the first quantitative paleoclimate data for the Miocene–Pliocene transition from the Western Branch of the East African Rift System, based on analyses of paleosols from the Rukwa Rift Basin. Paleosols derived from the fossiliferous late Miocene–early Pliocene lower Lake Beds succession in southwestern Tanzania preserve a shallow lacustrine setting grading into a system of alluvial fans and braided rivers with abundant floodplain deposits. Paleoclimate reconstructions using bulk geochemistry and clay mineralogy reveal a highly seasonal, semiarid, mesic climate during the late Miocene, with increased moisture availability in the early Pliocene resulting in a shift to subhumid conditions. Stable-carbon-isotope composition of pedogenic carbonates document a woodland/bushland/shrubland paleoenvironment across the Miocene–Pliocene transition. Results support the presence of Pliocene subhumid to humid habitats, dominated by woody vegetation offering shade, food, and water for faunal dispersal along an inland corridor connecting northern segments of the East African Rift System with southern Africa.
Malignant A-to-I RNA editing by ADAR1 drives T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse via attenuating dsRNA sensing
Authors: Pham Jessica , Isquith Jane , Rivera Maria , Zhang Haoran , Zhou Qingchem , Sasik Roman , Mark Adam , Ma Wenxue , Holm Frida , Fisch Kathleen , Kuo Dennis , Jamieson Catriona , Jiang Qingfei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Leukemia initiating cells (LICs) are regarded as the origin of leukemia relapse and therapeutic resistance. Identifying direct stemness determinants that fuel LIC self-renewal is critical for developing targeted approaches to eliminate LICs and prevent relapse. Here, we show that the RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 is a crucial stemness factor that promotes LIC self-renewal by attenuating aberrant double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensing. Elevated adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is a common attribute of relapsed T-ALL regardless of molecular subtypes. Consequently, knockdown of ADAR1 severely inhibits LIC self-renewal capacity and prolongs survival in T-ALL PDX models. Mechanistically, ADAR1 directs hyper-editing of immunogenic dsRNA and retains unedited nuclear dsRNA to avoid detection by the innate immune sensor MDA5. Moreover, we uncovered that the cell intrinsic level of MDA5 dictates the dependency on ADAR1-MDA5 axis in T-ALL. Collectively, our results show that ADAR1 functions as a self-renewal factor that limits the sensing of endogenous dsRNA. Thus, targeting ADAR1 presents a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for eliminating T-ALL LICs.
Residual Energy and Expected Transmission count based routing protocol for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: D Anitha , P Latha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN) are sensors with limited energy and resources. Sensors deployed in application environment generate large amounts of data. Routing the data with high reliability is a challenging one in LLN. Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is the routing protocol designed for the Internet of Things (IoT). RPL selects the route based on the objective functions - Objective Function zero (OF 0) and Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF). The real-time application environment Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) was considered for this proposed work. The routing protocol used in the real-time reliable environment should route the data with high reliability, so in this proposed work a new objective function Residual Energy based Expected Transmission Count (RE-ETX) is designed for the reliable environment. The objective function RE-ETX was applied to the static and mobile IIoT environment. The RE-ETX is compared with the different objective functions. The results show that the RE-ETX has improved the packet delivery ratio by 6–9% and latency was decreased by 1–3%, hence RE-ETX helps in preserving reliability of the network.
Evolutionary conservation of suicide risk genes that produce a diminished motivation phenotype corrected by clozapine, lithium and antidepressants
Authors: Ajayi Titilade , Thomas Alicia , Nikoloc Marko , Henderson Lauryn , Zaheri Alexa , Dwyer Donard S 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenome wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have identified genetic variants and genes that may increase the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Important unresolved issues surround these tentative risk variants such as the characteristics of the associated genes and how they might elicit STBs. Suicide risk genes were identified by comprehensive literature search and were characterized with respect to evolutionary conservation, participation in gene interaction networks and associated phenotypes. Evolutionary conservation was established with database searches and BLASTP queries, whereas gene-gene interactions were ascertained with GeneMANIA. We then examined whether mutations in risk-gene counterparts inC. elegansproduced a diminished motivation phenotype previously connected to suicide risk factors. From the analysis, 105 risk-gene candidates were identified and found to be: 1) highly conserved during evolution, 2) enriched for essential genes, 3) involved in significant gene-gene interactions, and 4) associated with psychiatric disorders, metabolic disturbances and asthma/allergy. Evaluation of 17 mutant strains with loss-of-function/deletion mutations in suicide risk-gene orthologs revealed that 11 mutants showed significant evidence of diminished motivation that manifested as immobility in a foraging assay. Immobility was corrected in some or all of the mutants with clozapine, lithium and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. In addition, 5-HT2 receptor and muscarinic receptor antagonists restored goal-directed behavior in most or all of the mutants. These studies increase confidence in the validity of the suicide risk genes and provide initial clues about possible mechanisms that mediate STBs.
Ceftazidime-avibactam alone or in combination with Aztreonam versus Polymyxins in the management of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections (CAPRI study): a retrospective cohort study from South India
Authors: Ra Amarthya Sree , Gupta Anand , Gupta Nitin , Veturi Sadhana , L Siva Kumar Reddy , Begum Masrath , Etrouth Shravani , Challa HariPriya Reddy , Satti Santhosh Reddy , Singamsetty Adarsh , Arumilli Murthy , P Naveen Reddy , Tirlangi Praveen Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections commonly cause hospital-acquired infections. The study aimed to compare the outcomes of CRKP infections comparing ceftazidime avibactam + aztreonam with polymyxins in a hospital setting with a high prevalence of New Delhi Metallo Beta Lactamase production.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2020 to September 2022 in critically ill consecutive adult patients with CRKP infection. The patients were followed up for a total of 30 days or mortality, whichever was later.
Results: Of a total of 106 patients included in the study, 65 patients received polymyxins and 41 patients received ceftazidime-avibactam with or without aztreonam. Fewer 30-day mortality was noted in the ceftazidime-avibactam + aztreonam group (29.2% vs 56.9%, P=0.005). The mean time to mortality in ceftazidime-avibactam +aztreonam was 23.9 + 1.5 which was significantly higher compared to polymyxins (17.9 + 1.2 days, p=0.006). On Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for the covariates, the hazard ratio for time to mortality with the use of polymyxin was 2.02 (95% CI: 1.03-3.9).
Conclusion: Ceftazidime avibactam +aztreonam is associated with favourable outcomes in patients infected with CRKP compared to polymyxins.
Excitonic Mott insulator in a Bose-Fermi-Hubbard system of moiré WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer
Authors: Gao Beini , Sarkar Supratik , Huang Tsung-Sheng , Session Deric , Mehrabad Mahmoud Jalali , Ni Ruihao , Xie Ming , Vannucci Jonathan , Mittal Sunil , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Imamoglu Atac , Zhou You , Hafezi Mohammad , Forero Daniel Suárez 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Understanding the Hubbard model is crucial for investigating various quantum many-body states and its fermionic and bosonic versions have been largely realized separately. Recently, transition metal dichalcogenides heterobilayers have emerged as a promising platform for simulating the rich physics of the Hubbard model. In this work, we explore the interplay between fermionic and bosonic populations, using a $\rm{WS}_2$/$\rm{WSe}_2$ heterobilayer device that hosts this hybrid particle density. We independently tune the fermionic and bosonic populations by electronic doping and optical injection of electron-hole pairs, respectively. This enables us to form strongly interacting excitons that are manifested in a large energy gap in the photoluminescence spectrum. The incompressibility of excitons is further corroborated by measuring exciton diffusion, which remains constant upon increasing pumping intensity, as opposed to the expected behavior of a weakly interacting gas of bosons, suggesting the formation of a bosonic Mott insulator. We explain our observations using a two-band model including phase space filling. Our system provides a controllable approach to the exploration of quantum many-body effects in the generalized Bose-Fermi-Hubbard model.
Defending ChatGPT against Jailbreak Attack via Self-Reminder
Authors: Wu Fangzhao , Xie Yueqi , Yi Jingwei , Shao Jiawei , Curl Justin , Lyu Lingjuan , Chen Qifeng , Xie Xing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
ChatGPT is a societally-impactful AI tool with millions of users and integration into products such as Bing. However, the emergence of Jailbreak Attacks, which can engender harmful responses by bypassing ChatGPT's ethics safeguards, significantly threatens its responsible and secure use. This paper investigates the severe, yet under-explored problems created by Jailbreaks and potential defensive techniques. We introduce a Jailbreak dataset with various types of Jailbreak prompts and malicious instructions. We draw inspiration from the psychological concept of self-reminder
and further propose a simple yet effective defense technique called System-Mode Self-Reminder. This technique encapsulates the user's query in a system prompt that reminds ChatGPT to respond responsibly. Experimental results demonstrate that Self-Reminder significantly reduces the success rate of Jailbreak Attacks, from 67.21% to 19.34%. Our work raises awareness of the threats posed by Jailbreak Attacks, while our proposed Self-Reminder technique provides a potential for efficiently and effectively improving the secure and responsible use of large language models without additional training.
Co-creating a Global Shared Research Agenda on Violence Against Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Corboz Julienne , Dartnall Elizabeth , Brown Chay , Fulu Emma , Gordon Sarah , Tomlinson Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Despite a large growth in evidence on violence against women (VAW) over the last 25 years, VAW persists, as do gaps in the field’s knowledge of how to prevent and respond to it. To ensure that research on VAW in low- and middle-income countries (LIMCs) is addressing the most significant gaps in knowledge, and to prioritise evidence needs to reduce VAW and better support victims/survivors, the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) and Equality Institute (EQI) led a process of developing a global shared research agenda (GSRA) on VAW in LMICs.Methods The GSRA was developed through a six-stage adaptation of the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method, which draws on the principle of the ‘wisdom of the crowd’. These steps included: a scoping review of the literature on VAW in LMICs and development of domains; the generation of research questions within four domains by an Advisory Group; the consolidation of research questions; scoring of research questions by a Global Expert Group and the Advisory Group according to three criteria (applicability, effectiveness and equity); consultation and validation of the findings with the Advisory Group; and wide dissemination of the findings.Results The highest ranked research questions in the GSRA pertain to the domain of Intervention research, with some highly ranked questions also pertaining to the domain of Understanding VAW in its multiple forms. Questions under the other two domains, Improving existing interventions, and Methodological and measurement gaps, were not prioritised as highly by experts. There was strong consistency in top ranked research questions according to experts’ characteristics, albeit with some important differences according to experts’ gender, occupation and geographical location.Conclusions The GSRA findings suggest that currently the VAW field is shifting towards intervention research after several decades of building evidence on understanding VAW, including prevalence, drivers and impacts of violence. The findings also suggest a strong emphasis on under-served populations, and under-researched forms of VAW. Future priority setting exercises in LMICs that seek to decolonise knowledge should ensure that methodologies, and modalities of engagement, put diverse voices at the centre of engagement.Trial registration Not applicable
Effects of folic acid, alone or in combination with other nutrients on Hcy level and cognitive function in older people: a systematic review
Authors: Gou Jiayan , Zhang Xin , He Kexin , Wang Fei , Zou Liuni 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Homocysteine is a high-risk factor for cognitive decline, and supplementing with B vitamins such as folic acid can lower homocysteine levels. However, current clinical research results are inconsistent, and the effects of B vitamins on homocysteine levels and cognitive function in older people are inconsistent.
Methods
Systematic searches were conducted in five databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), from inception to March 1, 2023. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of folic acid alone or in combination with other nutrients on cognitive function in patients with cognitive disorders were included. The quality of the literature was evaluated using RevMan 5.4.
Results
17 articles were reviewed, with 6 focusing on the effects of folic acid alone and 11 examining folic acid in combination with other nutrients. folic acid dosages ranged from 400 µg to 5 mg, and intervention durations varied from 4 weeks to 3 years. The study included 3,100 individuals, aged 60 to 83.2 years, with a relatively equal gender distribution (approximately 51.82%).
Conclusion
Most studies have shown that folic acid alone or in combination with other nutrients can effectively improve cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. For patients with Alzheimer's disease and dementia, folic acid alone or in combination with other nutrients can reduce the level of homocysteine, but the improvement in cognitive function is not significant. In healthy older people, high baseline homocysteine levels (> 11.3 µmol/L) and good ω-3 fatty acid status (> 590 µmol/L) can enhance the improvement effect of B vitamins on cognitive function. This trial has been registered on PROSPERO as CRD42023408576.
Attenuation of estrogen and its receptors in the post-menopausal stage exacerbates dyslipidemia and leads to cognitive impairment
Authors: Meng Qinghai , Chao Ying , Zhang Shurui , Ding Xue , Feng Han , Zhang ChenYan , Liu Bowen , Zhu Weijie , Li Yu , Zhang Qichun , Tong Huangjin , Wu Lixing , Bian Huimin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction increases as menopause progresses. We previously found that estrogen receptors (ERs) contribute to dyslipidemia, but the specific relationship between ERs, dyslipidemia and cognitive dysfunction remains poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed sequencing data from female hippocampus and normal breast aspirate samples from normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) women, and the results suggest that abnormal ERs signaling is associated with dyslipidemia and cognitive dysfunction. We replicated a mouse model of dyslipidemia and postmenopausal status in LDLR−/− mice and treated them with β-estradiol or simvastatin, and found that ovariectomy in LDLR−/− mice led to an exacerbation of dyslipidemia and increased hippocampal apoptosis and cognitive impairment, which were associated with reduced estradiol levels and ERα, ERβ and GPER expression. In vitro, a lipid overload model of SH-SY-5Y cells was established and treated with inhibitors of ERs. β-estradiol or simvastatin effectively attenuated dyslipidemia-induced neuronal apoptosis via upregulation of ERs, whereas ERα, ERβ and GPER inhibitors together abolished the protective effect of simvastatin on lipid-induced neuronal apoptosis. We conclude that decreased estrogen and its receptor function in the postmenopausal stage promote neuronal damage and cognitive impairment by exacerbating dyslipidemia, and that estrogen supplementation or lipid lowering is an effective way to ameliorate hippocampal damage and cognitive dysfunction via upregulation of ERs.
Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi from South Africa, 2020-2021
Authors: Myataza Asive , Thomas Juno , Smith Anthony M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: We describe the genotypic characteristics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants of Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi (Salmonella Isangi) clinical isolates in South Africa from 2020 through 2021.
Methods: During the years 2020 to 2021, the Centre for Enteric Diseases of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a national reference centre in South Africa for human infections resulting from enteric bacterial pathogens, received a total of 4945 Salmonella species clinical isolates. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using Illumina NextSeq Technology. WGS data was analyzed using Centre for Genomic Epidemiology-based tools and EnteroBase web-based platform. Genotypic relatedness and cluster analysis was investigated based on core-genome multilocus sequence typing.
Results: Fifty isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella Isangi, with most submitted from Gauteng Province (21/50, 42%). The most prevalent sequence type was ST335 (48/50, 96%), and the remaining 2 isolates were ST216. All ST335 isolates were genotypically multidrug-resistant (MDR), with resistance to fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline; the ST216 isolates were resistant only to aminoglycosides. All ST335 isolates carried ESBL genes, the most common being blaCTX-M-15. Five clusters (consisting of isolates related within five allele differences) were detected, all being ST335.
Conclusions: Most Salmonella Isangi isolates in South Africa are MDR and ESBL-positive. Ongoing monitoring of the epidemiology and AMR profile of this serovar is important for public health and treatment guidelines.
Exploring the Influence of Circulating Endocannabinoids and Nucleus Accumbens Functional Connectivity on Anorexia Nervosa Severity
Authors: Miranda-Olivos Romina , Baenas Isabel , Steward Trevor , Granero Roser , PASTOR ANTONI , Sánchez Isabel , Juaneda Asier , Pino Amparo Del , Fernández-Formoso Jose A. , Vilarrasa Nuria , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Virgili Nuria , López-Urdiales Rafael , Jiménez-Murcia Susana , Torre Rafael de la , Soriano-Mas Carles , Fernandez-Aranda Fernando 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a harmful persistence of self-imposed starvation resulting in significant weight loss. Research suggests that alterations in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), may contribute to increased severity and maladaptive behaviors in AN, warranting an examination of the interplay between central reward circuitry and eCBs. For this purpose, we assessed NAcc functional connectivity and circulating AEA and 2-AG concentrations in 18 individuals with AN and 18 healthy controls (HC) to test associations between circulating eCBs, NAcc functional connectivity, and AN severity, as defined by body mass index (BMI). Decreased connectivity was observed between the NAcc and the right insula (NAcc-insula; pFWE<.001) and the left supplementary motor area (NAcc-SMA; pFWE<.001) in the AN group compared to HC. Reduced NAcc-insula functional connectivity mediated the association between AEA concentrations and BMI in the AN group. However, in HC, NAcc-SMA functional connectivity had a mediating role between AEA concentrations and BMI. Our findings provide insights into how the interaction between eCBs and NAcc functional connectivity influences AN severity. Altered NAcc-insula and NAcc-SMA connectivity in AN may impair the integration of interoceptive, somatosensory, and motor planning information related to reward stimuli. Furthermore, the distinct associations between eCB levels and NAcc functional connectivity in AN and HC could have clinical implications for weight maintenance, with eCBs being a potential target for AN treatment.
Bridging functional and anatomical neural connectivity through cluster synchronization
Authors: Baruzzi Valentina , Lodi Matteo , Sorrentino Francesco , Storace Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of the brain results from the complex interplay of several neural populations and is affected by both the individual dynamics of these areas and their connection structure. Hence, a fundamental challenge is to derive models of the brain that reproduce both structural and functional features measured experimentally. Our work combines neuroimaging data, such as dMRI, which provides information on the structure of the anatomical connectomes, and fMRI, which detects patterns of approximate synchronous activity between brain areas. We employ cluster synchronization as a tool to integrate the imaging data of a subject into a coherent model, which reconciles structural and dynamic information. By using data-driven and model-based approaches, we refine the structural connectivity matrix in agreement with experimentally observed clusters of brain areas that display coherent activity. The proposed approach leverages the assumption of homogeneous brain areas; we show the robustness of this approach when heterogeneity between the brain areas is reintroduced in the form of noise, parameter mismatches, and connection delays. As a proof of concept, we apply this approach to MRI data of a healthy adult at resting state.