bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal fungi and soil factors influence toxic element uptake in urban grown produce
Authors: Bowdish Logan , Duran Adalie , Richardson Justin , Vukicevich Eric 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the need for more urban‐grown produce, toxic elements contaminated soils continue to be a major barrier to food production and food sovereignty in urban areas and a continued health and environmental justice issue. Although the US EPA provides recommendations regarding levels of soil lead that are safe for gardening, soil abiotic and biotic factors as well as plant identity play a major role in determining the actual crop uptake of toxic elements. This study evaluated the role of crop identity, harvested tissue, and soil factors, including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on crop uptake of lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) in an urban community farm. Crop species varied in their Pb and As accumulations, both by crop identity and also by plant tissue. Crop uptake of lead increased with lower soil pH (range 5.3–6.9) and lower soil P (range 365–1771 mg kg−1 total P). For mycorrhizal crops, greater intensity of AM fungal colonization and the prevalence of arbuscules were associated with greater lead uptake, but the presence of more storage vesicles was related to less As uptake into leaves. These findings can help inform crop selection and soil management to improve soil stabilization of toxic elements in moderately contaminated soils while serving as a platform for community conversations about the importance of soil management in healthy urban food production.
Influence of birth weight, sex and disinfection on the involution of umbilical structures in calves
Authors: Lang Dorothee , Scheu Theresa , Cohrs Imke , Koch Christian , Wehrend Axel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUmbilical disinfection for calves is often recommended, but scientific studies do not always show a positive effect on disease prevention. In addition, there is little to no metric data on umbilical involution or on factors influencing the size of umbilical structures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological involution of umbilical structures and the effect of two different umbilical treatment methods.MethodsAfter birth, calves' umbilical cord stumps were treated with either an iodine tincture (n= 43) or an antibiotic spray (n= 41) or were left untreated (n= 42). On days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 after birth, calves were examined and external umbilical structures were measured. In addition, on day 14 (±2 days), a sonographic examination of umbilical structures was conducted.ResultsThe treatment applied had no significant effect on the size of umbilical structures during the first 14 days of life. However, the diameter of the umbilical stalk was larger in male calves and calves with a higher birth weight than in female calves and calves with a lower birth weight.LimitationThe study was carried out on only one farm, so the generalisability of the findings may be limited.ConclusionUmbilical structures showed significant involution over time and were influenced by birth weight and sex.
JACIE and Quality Management in HSCT: Implications for Nursing
Authors: Charley Carole , Espada Martín Raquel , Ferrero Ivana , Babic Aleksandra , Arraut Iris Bargalló 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaboratory medicine, along with the airline industry, has a long history of utilising quality management systems. It took until 1999 for the Joint Accreditation Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), known as JACIE, to be established as an accreditation system in the field of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim was to create a standardised system of accreditation to be officially recognised across Europe, and it was based on the accreditation standards established by the US-based Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT).Since the concept of JACIE was originally launched, many European centres have applied for initial accreditation with other centres gaining reaccreditation for the second, third or fourth time. Transplant units, outside of Europe, have accepted the importance of the JACIE Standards, with units in South Africa, Singapore and Saudi Arabia also gaining accreditation.There is evidence that both donor and patient care have improved within the accredited centres (Passweg et al., Bone Marrow Transplant 47:906–923; 2012: Demiriz IS, Tekgunduz E, Altuntas F (2012) What is the most appropriate source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation?).Peripheral Stem Cell/Bone Marrow/Cord Blood Bone Marrow Res. (2012):Article ID 834040 (online)). However, there is a lack of published evidence demonstrating that this improvement directly results from better nursing care. Therefore, the authors conducted a survey of nursing members of the European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Nurses Group (EBMT (NG)) to identify how nurses working in the area of HSCT felt that JACIE impacted in the care they delivered and the general implications of JACIE for nurses.
Engraftment, Graft Failure, and Rejection
Authors: Hutt Daphna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEngraftment following HSCT is an essential goal for sustained long-term and effective hematopoiesis. It is the most important criteria for a better overall survival. However, stem cell engraftment may be accompanied with a clinical condition known as engraftment syndrome (ES) that could have a devastating outcome. Nurses caring for HSCT recipients must be aware of ES symptoms in order to intervene quickly and appropriately. Conversely, graft failure (GF) is a major complication and is associated with a dismal prognosis. It is classically divided into primary or secondary graft failure. The risk factors associated with GF may be related to characteristics of the graft, the patient, the donor, or the transplant procedure. The conditions that are associated with an increased occurrence of GF and the available treatment options will be thoroughly discussed in the chapter along with the nursing considerations.
Late Effects and Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Kenyon Michelle , Murray John , Quinn Barry , Greenfield Diana , Trigoso Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAllogeneic stem cell transplantation was successfully performed in 1968, and its use has grown significantly over the past five decades with the total number now exceeding 1.5 million patients (Niederwieser et al. Haematologica. 107:1045–1053, 2022). HSCT is a curative treatment for many haematological cancers and other disorders. Almost 40,000 HSCT procedures are performed Europe-wide per annum (Passweg et al. Bone Marrow Transplant. 51(6):786–92, 2016), and the number of transplant recipients achieving ‘long-term survival’ and with late effects directly related to their treatment (Majhail et al. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 5(1):1–30, 2012) is increasing (Penack et al. Blood Adv 4:6283–6290, 2020). This growth in survivors is the result of improvements in transplant knowledge and expertise, refinements to conditioning regimes, developments in supportive care and increased numbers of procedures due to broadening transplant indications.The most common cause of death after transplant is relapsed disease. Yet, even without disease relapse, long-term survival is complex for many as other causes of mortality such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), infection, second malignancy, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Savani et al. Blood. 117:3002–9, 2011) prove difficult to address.Recovery post-HSCT is challenging, lasting several months to years. These individuals are susceptible to the development of post-treatment physical and psychological sequelae years to decades after completion of treatment leading to a reduced life expectancy with greater morbidity when compared to an age-adjusted population (Socié et al. N Engl J Med 341:14–21, 1999). Survivors with late effects experience significantly poorer physical and mental health, report more unmet needs for care and have significantly greater use of health services compared with survivors without late effects (Treanor et al. Psychooncology 22(11):2428–2435, 2013).Furthermore, as the number of survivors continues to grow, their long-term health problems and subsequent needs demand increasing resource and attention from late effects services. These services must remain agile and responsive, develop capacity to provide continuing expertise and oversight and collaborate with the other specialist services for input when needed.The unpredictable, complex and multifactorial nature of these long-term and late effects in HSCT survivors means that patients require regular life-long assessment guided by rigorous protocols. However, it is important to remember that even using standardised protocols, these should be different for adults and children and the resulting care must be tailored to the needs of the individual. And finally, further consideration is needed for the growing number of young people and adult survivors in long-term follow-up who have been treated in childhood and transitioned into adult long-term follow-up care.
Transplant Preparation
Authors: Bompoint Caroline , Castagna Alberto , Hutt Daphna , Leather Angela , Stenvall Merja , Schröder Teija , Arjona Eugenia Trigoso , Van Boxtel Ton 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHSCT is a complex procedure, which involves a long and complicated pathway for the patient and the intervention of many health professionals. Within this multidisciplinary team, the transplant coordinator, usually a nurse, is the ‘essential marrow’, the heart and the vital backbone of this procedure; they are an essential transplant ingredient facilitating a fluidity of the pathway and a good transmission of information. Written information about the procedure is beneficial for patients either prior to clinic visit or during clinic to allow the patients and relatives to reflect on conversations. Transplantation carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality, and these should be considered regarding the ‘need’ to transplant, based upon risk of disease, versus risk of the transplant. Pre-transplant assessments must also be undertaken, and the results of these along with suitable donor medical clearance and cell availability are essential to ascertain that transplant is a valid option and can proceed safely. Dealing with fertility preservation upon diagnosis of cancer is often challenging; this issue is even more complex for paediatric patients. PDWP recommends that counselling about fertility preservation opportunities should be offered to each patient receiving HSCT.This chapter also focuses on vascular access for optimal treatment of haematology patients because stem cell treatment cannot be performed without it. Constant advances in haematology have raised challenging ethical dilemmas concerning end of life, palliative care, patient information, donor concerns and impartiality and issues related to the risk we run to our patients. Nurses provide a key role in patient education, providing pre- and post-transplant advocacy and counselling, plan hospitalisations and consultations. They also act as educators and role models to nursing students and share knowledge in accordance with local policies and JACIE guidelines.
Cell Source and Apheresis
Authors: Angelica Margherita , Trigoso Eugenia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApheresis involves the separation of whole blood into its component layers via the use of an automated blood cell separator machine and the process of continuous flow centrifugation. This allows for the isolation and collection of a variety of blood cells, including monocytes, lymphocytes, CD34 positive cells and dendritic cells, whilst simultaneously returning the other blood components back to the donor.The transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells to facilitate the treatment of a variety of haematological and non-haematological diseases is well established (BSBMTCT, 2022) (https://bsbmtct.org/indications-table—accessed Oct 2022).Peripheral blood stem cells have largely replaced harvested bone marrow-derived stem cells in both autologous and allogeneic transplant settings. Collection of peripheral blood stem cells generally yields a purer, less contaminated and more consistent product with a greater CD34 positive cell dose when compared to those harvested from the bone marrow. Thus shortening engraftment time, limiting infection risks and potentially enhancing the graft versus leukaemia effect in the allogeneic patient. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides a further stem cell source, which may be used in allogenic transplantation if appropriate.In recent years the ability to isolate blood-derived mononuclear cells via apheresis has been instrumental in the development of individually targeted, patient -specific immunotherapies, most notably Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. These type of cell collections are rapidly becoming a routine activity for many collection facilities.Successful collection of cellular blood products via apheresis has its challenges and is influenced by a multitude of variables, including patient’s clinical condition, vascular access, timing of collection, mobilisation regimes, institutional capacity, staff experience and regulations and accreditations.Apheresis and Bone Marrow collection facility accreditation by FACT-JACIE (2021) requires compliance and rigorous validation of standards in relation to all collection, processing, storage, distribution and infusion activities.In 2018 FACT-JACIE incorporated the administration of immune effector cells (IEC) into the scope of accreditation standards, which describes that additional training, policies for patient treatment, management of associated toxicities and maintenance of product chain of identity, additional outcome and follow-up reporting to relevant bodies are also an important requisite to fulfil compliance.
Principles of Conditioning Therapy and Cell Infusion
Authors: Zulu Sara , Kenyon Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrior to haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), conditioning therapy is used for disease eradication, creation of space for engraftment and immunosuppression. Conditioning therapy includes combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy and can be administered in the immediate days leading up to, and sometimes the days immediately following, the cell infusion. Total body irradiation (TBI) is generally used as part of conditioning regimens preceding allogeneic HSCT and is able to target sanctuary sites where some drugs cannot reach. Cancer immunotherapy treatment harnesses the body’s natural defences to fight the cancer, by involving components of the immune system. Conditioning therapy can have acute and chronic side effects which vary depending on the intensity of the treatement. Nursing implications include patient education and information, toxicity assessments, close monitoring and protocolised, evidence-based action plans. Stem cell infusion is usually a safe procedure but can cause adverse reactions ranging from flushing and nausea to life-threatening anaphylaxis. There should be written policies for the administration of cellular therapy products, and nurses must have comleted training and achieved competency in order to safely administer haematopoietic stem cells.
Cell Therapy, Nursing Implications and Care
Authors: Clout Ruth , Murray John , Farrell Maria , Hutt Daphna , Kenyon Michelle 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver recent years cellular therapy has seen substantial progress across Europe, particularly cell-based immunotherapy/ immune effector cells (IECs), with the approval of autologous CD19 CAR-T products for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies-diffuse large B cell lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (paediatric, teenage and young adult) and mantle cell lymphoma). Whilst this development has delivered benefit to patients with poor risk disease, there is potential for associated toxicities which require careful patient selection, assessment, monitoring, treatment and follow-up care. Nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients throughout this pathway. This chapter focuses on autologous cell-based immunotherapies (CAR-T) process, infusion, toxicities, management and the patient pathway, whilst also exploring non-cell-based immunotherapies, cell therapy in solid tumours and the role of clinical trials.
Geldwertstabilität sichern
Authors: Gischer Horst , Herz Bernhard , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Stabilität des Geldwertes ist von überragender Bedeutung für eine funktionierende Marktwirtschaft und gehört daher zu den zentralen Zielen der Wirtschaftspolitik. Wie kann die Stabilität des Geldwertes gesichert werden? Welche Rolle spielen dabei insbesondere die Notenbanken mit ihrer Geldpolitik? Und was sind die Nebeneffekte einer Politik stabiler Preise? Kann Geldwertstabilität schädlich für die „Gesundheit“ einer Volkswirtschaft sein?
Vorhaltekostenfinanzierung: Vorschläge zur zielführenden Ausgestaltung
Authors: Loeser Simon , Scheller-Kreinsen David , Jäckel Dörte , Mostert Carina 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAm 06. Dezember 2022 hat die „Regierungskommission für eine moderne und bedarfsgerechte Krankenhausversorgung“ Empfehlungen für eine Reform der Krankenhausvergütung vorgelegt. In diesen liegt im Falle einer gelungenen Umsetzung die große Chance, die Krankenhauslandschaft zu modernisieren und wirtschaftlich zu stärken, den Effekt des Fachkräftemangels abzumildern und die Versorgungsqualität zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag stellt dar, welche Aspekte im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung der Reform erfolgskritisch sind. Dabei stehen ein eindeutiger Bevölkerungsbezug von Versorgungsaufträgen und Vorhaltefinanzierung, ein sanfter Übergang in die neue Finanzierung, eine sorgfältige Vermeidung neuer Fehlanreize, eine ausreichend differenzierte Krankenhausplanung auf der Basis von Leistungsgruppen und -bereichen und der Vorschlag, eine Mindestpopulationsgröße zu etablieren, im Vordergrund. Um mögliche Auswirkungen der Reform zu verdeutlichen, wird ein Umsetzungsszenario skizziert, das aufbauend auf der Systematik der Leistungsbereiche aus Nordrhein-Westfalen exemplarisch die Vorhaltepauschalen pro Kopf und Leistungsbereich quantifiziert.
Auswirkungen der Covid-19-Pandemie im Krankenhaus: Fallzahlentwicklung und Charakteristika der Covid-19-Patienten
Authors: Hentschker Corinna , Mostert Carina , Klauber Jürgen 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie hat zu großen Veränderungen des medizinischen Versorgungsgeschehens geführt. Der Beitrag beschreibt einmal mehr die Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das Leistungsgeschehen der Krankenhäuser. Des Weiteren werden die Charakteristika der Covid-19-Patienten in den ersten fünf Pandemiewellen miteinander verglichen und die Versorgungsstrukturen dargestellt. Es zeigen sich deutliche Fallzahlrückgänge während der Pandemiejahre 2020 bis 2022 im Vergleich zum Vorpandemiejahr 2019. Die Fallzahlrückgänge gehen einher mit einem durchschnittlichen Anstieg der Fallschwere, einer Konzentration auf operative Leistungen und einem Rückgang der durchschnittlichen Verweildauer. Zudem gibt es Unterschiede bei den Fallzahlrückgängen für die einzelnen Behandlungsanlässe. Die Sterblichkeit der stationären Covid-19-Patienten bleibt, insbesondere bei den beatmeten Patienten, während des gesamten Pandemieverlaufs sehr hoch. Jedoch zeigen sich in der fünften Pandemiewelle seltener schwere Verläufe.
Statistische Krankenhausdaten: Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser 2020
Authors: Bölt Ute 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse der Krankenhausstatistik zu den Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser für das Berichtsjahr 2020, dem ersten Jahr der Corona-Pandemie, zusammen. Er gibt einen Überblick über die sachlichen und personellen Ressourcen (z.B. Betten, Fachabteilungen, Personal) sowie die pandemiebedingt reduzierte Inanspruchnahme von Krankenhausleistungen (Patientenbewegungen). Die Krankenhausstatistik ist eine seit 1991 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte jährliche Vollerhebung. Auskunftspflichtig sind die Träger der Krankenhäuser.
Das „Image“ der Pflege: das Ansehen des Pflegeberufs in der Öffentlichkeit und bei Pflegefachpersonen
Authors: Maier Claudia Bettina , Ludwig Marek , Köppen Julia , Kleine Joan , Busse Reinhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beruf der Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege, deren gesellschaftlicher Status und die Arbeitsbedingungen sind – nicht zuletzt während der Covid-19-Pandemie – vermehrt in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit gerückt. Der Fachkräftemangel ist allgegenwärtig geworden. Die Wahrnehmung des Pflegeberufs ist von unterschiedlichen, teils gegenläufigen Entwicklungen geprägt: In der Allgemeinbevölkerung besteht generell zwar ein gutes Ansehen des Pflegeberufs, der oftmals mit Respekt und sozialem Einsatz gleichgesetzt wird, jedoch ändert sich das Bild, wenn es konkret um die eigene berufliche Zukunft geht. So ist der Pflegeberuf nicht unbedingt die erste Wahl bei jungen Menschen, v. a. bei Schülerinnen und Schülern mit höherem Schulabschluss. Die mediale Berichterstattung schwankt zwischen Missstandsbeschreibung und Heldentum, insbesondere während der Covid-19-Pandemie. Es gibt wenige Beispiele in den Medien, die die Pflege als Profession realitätsgetreu abbilden. Innerhalb der Pflege wird der Beruf zwar als wichtig und sinnstiftend wahrgenommen, jedoch überschattet durch hohe Arbeitsbelastung und Stress, Fachkräftemangel und fehlende Wertschätzung. Es braucht multifaktorielle Ansätze, um einerseits das öffentliche Bild der Berufsgruppe hin zur Profession Pflege zu verbessern und andererseits deren Arbeitsumfeld und Tätigkeiten vermehrt wertzuschätzen. Dies erfordert Maßnahmen auf Politik- und Managementebene. Zusätzlich wäre es wichtig, dass die Berufsgruppe organisiert, professionalisiert und selbstbewusst auftritt, um so das Bild nach außen selbst vermehrt zu beeinflussen.
Magnet®-Krankenhäuser: Eine Chance für Deutschland?
Authors: Kleine Joan , Maier Claudia Bettina , Köppen Julia , Busse Reinhard 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer bestehende Fachkräftemangel und der Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte stellen deutsche Krankenhäuser vor die immer größere Herausforderung, qualifiziertes Pflegepersonal zu gewinnen und zu halten. Die Covid-19-Pandemie rückte die Thematik der Arbeitsbedingungen und die Rolle des Gesundheitspersonals in deutschen Krankenhäusern verstärkt in den Fokus der Öffentlichkeit. Das vierjährige EU-Projekt Magnet4Europe setzt das Magnet-Konzept mit dem Ziel um, das klinische Arbeitsumfeld in über 60 Krankenhäusern in ganz Europa zu verbessern und bewertet die Wirksamkeit der Umsetzung. In Deutschland hat das Projekt in vielen teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern bereits nach kurzer Zeit erste Veränderungen erzielen können. Dieses Kapitel skizziert die Hintergründe für das Interesse an der Umsetzung des Magnet-Konzepts in Deutschland und stellt das Magnet4Europe-Projekt vor.
Probing minimal grand unification through gravitational waves, proton decay, and fermion masses
Authors: Saad Shaikh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the direct discovery of gravitational waves (GWs) from black holes and neutron stars, there is a growing interest in investigating GWs from other sources. Among them, GWs from cosmic strings are particularly fascinating since they naturally appear in a large class of grand unified theories (GUTs). Remarkably, a series of pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) might have already observed GWs in the nHz regime, hinting towards forming a cosmic string network in the early universe, which could originate from phase transition associated with the seesaw scale emerging from GUT. In this work, we show that if these observations from PTAs are confirmed, GWs from cosmic strings, when combined with fermion masses, gauge coupling unification, and proton decay constraints, the parameter space of the minimal SO(10) GUT becomes exceedingly restrictive. The proposed minimal model is highly predictive and will be fully tested in a number of upcoming gravitational wave observatories.