bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sophisticated deep learning with on-chip optical diffractive tensor processing
Authors: Huang Yuyao , Fu Tingzhao , Huang Honghao , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: April 2023

Ever-growing deep-learning technologies are making revolutionary changes for modern life. However, conventional computing architectures are designed to process sequential and digital programs but are burdened with performing massive parallel and adaptive deep-learning applications. Photonic integrated circuits provide an efficient approach to mitigate bandwidth limitations and the power-wall brought on by its electronic counterparts, showing great potential in ultrafast and energy-free high-performance computation. Here, we propose an optical computing architecture enabled by on-chip diffraction to implement convolutional acceleration, termed “optical convolution unit” (OCU). We demonstrate that any real-valued convolution kernels can be exploited by the OCU with a prominent computational throughput boosting via the concept of structral reparameterization. With the OCU as the fundamental unit, we build an optical convolutional neural network (oCNN) to implement two popular deep learning tasks: classification and regression. For classification, Fashion Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (Fashion-MNIST) and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-4) data sets are tested with accuracies of 91.63% and 86.25%, respectively. For regression, we build an optical denoising convolutional neural network to handle Gaussian noise in gray-scale images with noise level σ=10, 15, and 20, resulting in clean images with an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 31.70, 29.39, and 27.72 dB, respectively. The proposed OCU presents remarkable performance of low energy consumption and high information density due to its fully passive nature and compact footprint, providing a parallel while lightweight solution for future compute-in-memory architecture to handle high dimensional tensors in deep learning.
Self-rated health among older adults in India: Gender specific findings from National Sample Survey
Authors: Akhtar Saddaf Naaz , Saikia Nandita , Muhammad T. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
The self-rated health (SRH) is a widely adopted indicator of overall health. The sponge hypothesis suggests that predictive power of SRH is stronger among women compared to men. To gain a better understanding of how gender influences SRH, this study examined whether and what determinants of gender disparity exist current self-rated health (SRHcurrent) and change in SRH (SRHchange) among older adults in Indian setting.

Materials and methods
We used cross-sectional data from the 75th National Sample Survey Organizations (NSSO), collected from July 2017 to June 2018. The analytical sample constitutes 42,759 older individuals aged 60 years or older with 21,902 older men and 20,857 older women (eliminating two non-binary individuals). Outcome measures include two variables of poor/worse SRH status (SRHcurrent and SRHchange). We have calculated absolute gaps in the prevalence of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange by background characteristics. We carried out binary logistic regression models to examine the predictors of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange among older adults.

Results
The overall absolute gender gap in poor SRHcurrent was 3.27% and it was 0.58% in worse SRHchange. Older women had significantly higher odds of poor SRHcurrent [AOR = 1.09; CI = 0.99, 1.19] and worse SRHchange [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] compared to older men. Older adults belonging to middle-aged, oldest-old, economically dependent, not working, physically immobile, suffering from chronic diseases, belonging to Muslim religion, and Eastern region have found to have higher odds of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. Educational attainments showed lower odds of have poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange compared to those with no education. Respondents belonging to richest income quintile and those who were not covered by any health insurance, belonging to Schedule caste, OBC, Western and Southern regions are found to have lower odds of poor SRHcurrent and worse SRHchange. Compared to those in the urban residence, respondents from rural residence [AOR = 1.09; CI = 1.02, 1.16] had higher odds of worse SRHchange.

Conclusions
Supporting the sponge hypothesis, a clear gender gap was observed in poor current SRH and worse change in SRH among older adults in India with a female disadvantage. We further found lower socioeconomic and health conditions and lack of resources as determinants of poor current SRH and its worse change, which is crucial to address the challenge of the older people’s health and their perception of well-being.
Depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional survey at Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Mussa Mussa R. , Iseselo Masunga K. , Tarimo Edith A. M. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Depression is one of the mental illnesses that cause disability worldwide, and is a significant contributor to the global burden of diseases. Although depression is reported among patients with diabetes in high-income countries, it remains undetected or undiagnosed in low and middle-income countries. This article describes the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study design was conducted at Mnazi Mmoja Referral Hospital (MMRH). A simple random sampling method was used to select the potential participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9). Data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A Chi-square test was performed to obtain the association between depression and socio-demographic, medical and psychological factors. A P-value of <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the significant associations between the variables. Also, multiple logistic regression was performed with the factors with P-value <0.2 to ascertain the confounding factors.

Results
A total of 267 patients with diabetes responded to the questionnaire of which 142 (53.2%) were males. The mean age of participants was 50 years and a standard deviation of ±14. The overall prevalence of depression in this study was 73%. The specific type of depression among diabetic patients varied from severe (8%) to mild depression (30%). Respondents who had difficulties in adhering to the treatment regimen (AOR = 5.7: 95% CI, 2.11–15.18, p = 0.001), feeling angry or stressed (AOR = 4.4: 95% CI, 2.44–8.10, p<0.001), and had diabetic retinopathy (AOR = 2.8: 95% CI, 1.45–5.28, p = 0.002) had symptoms of depression. Furthermore, respondents who had diabetic foot ulcers (AOR = 0.1: 95% CI, 0.04–0.49, p = 0.003) and impotence for male patients (AOR = 0.4: 95% CI, 0.20–0.68, p = 0.002) were 0.1 and 0.4 times less likely to have depression respectively.

Conclusion
The majority of patients with diabetes have symptoms of depression. Adherence to the treatment regimen, diabetic retinopathy, feeling angry or stressed, impotence and diabetic foot ulcer were associated with depression. Thus, early screening of depression among patients with diabetes is crucial to enhance self-management and good health outcomes.
Method for estimating pulsatile wall shear stress from one‐dimensional velocity waveforms
Authors: Muskat J. C. , Babbs C. F. , Goergen C. J. , Rayz V. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWall shear stress (WSS)—a key regulator of endothelial function—is commonly estimated in vivo using simplified mathematical models based on Poiseuille's flow, assuming a quasi‐steady parabolic velocity distribution, despite evidence that more rapidly time‐varying, pulsatile blood flow during each cardiac cycle modulates flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) in large arteries of healthy subjects. More exact and accurate models based on the well‐established Womersley solution for rapidly changing blood flow have not been adopted clinically, potentially because the Womersley solution relies on the local pressure gradient, which is difficult to measure non‐invasively. We have developed an open‐source method for automatic reconstruction of unsteady, Womersley‐derived velocity profiles, and WSS in conduit arteries. The proposed method (available online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576408) requires only the time‐averaged diameter of the vessel and time‐varying velocity data available from non‐invasive imaging such as Doppler ultrasound. Validation of the method with subject‐specific computational fluid dynamics and application to synthetic velocity waveforms in the common carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries reveals that the Poiseuille solution underestimates peak WSS 38.5%–55.1% during the acceleration and deceleration phases of systole and underestimates or neglects retrograde WSS. Following evidence that oscillatory shear significantly augments vasodilator production, it is plausible that mischaracterization of the shear stimulus by assuming parabolic flow leads to systematic underestimates of important biological effects of time‐varying blood velocity in conduit arteries.
Mechanism of Residual Stress Generation in Quenched Fe-Ni Alloy Cylinders Using Simulated Strains-Based Approach*
Authors: Arimoto K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanisms of residual stress generation in quenched steel parts has been a longstanding problem. Qualitative explanations for the changes in the stress distribution in quenched cylinders appeared in the 1930s when it became possible to measure residual stresses in specimens. The explanation at that time used the concept of thermal and transformation stresses, which is still included in current textbooks. This concept is referred to here as the estimated stresses-based approach. To simplify the explanation of stress generation due to the combined effects of temperature change and phase transformations, quenching experiments were devised using Fe-Ni alloys in which only martensitic transformation occurs. On the other hand, since heat treatment simulations provide strains resulting from thermal, phase transformation, plastic, transformation plastic, and creep phenomena, a method to elucidate the mechanism using these strains was devised in the early 2000s and named the simulated strains-based approach. This paper contrasts the estimated stresses-based and simulated strains-based approaches to the mechanism of residual stress generation in quenched Fe-Ni alloy cylinders and highlights the superiority of the latter.
Experimental investigation on mechanical and tribological characteristics of snake grass/sisal fiber reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Rajamanickam Sathish kumar , Ponnusamy Natarajan , Mohanraj Manoharan , Julias Arulraj Arockia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An experiential research on mechanical and tribological characteristics of snake grass and sisal fiber reinforced hybrid polymer (epoxy) composites was carried out and reported in this article. The snake grass and sisal fibers were initially treated with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hybrid composite samples were fabricated using a compression moulding technique with a total fiber weight ratio of 30% and an epoxy resin weight ratio of 70%. The proportions of snake grass and sisal fibers in the hybrid composites were 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70. The fabricated hybrid composite samples were subjected to flexural, tensile, interlaminar shear strength, Shore D hardness, water absorption, and wear tests as per ASTM international standards, and the outcomes were compared with the results of snake grass and sisal mono fiber composites. The results disclosed that the 30:70 (SG:S) hybrid composite has higher mechanical characteristics than those of other hybrid and mono fiber composites. Also, the 30:70 hybrid sample performed at par with the sisal mono composite in wear and water absorption characteristics. Optical microscopy examination of alkali-treated natural hybrid and mono fiber composites displayed excellent results in terms of interfacial bonding between polymer and fiber.
Of Barriers and Transits: An Initial Study of Peking Opera’s First Presentations in Brazil
Authors: Santana Esther Marinho , Feng Eddie Hanchen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article discusses the first Peking Opera presentations in Brazil, in 1956. Traveling from the then-recently founded People’s Republic of China, the Chinese Art Troupe demonstrated the country’s diplomatic efforts to obtain international recognition and was enthusiastically welcomed by Brazilian audiences. After presenting the peculiar immediate reception of the touring company, we argue that although Chinese scenic conventions and aesthetics failed to be properly understood by local spectators and no apparent substantial exchanges between the highly diverse cultures of China and Brazil were reached, this episode should not be disregarded. Neglected by both Brazilian and Chinese theatrical historiographies, the incident begs to be analyzed anew. Using transcultural communications theories, we investigate this encounter to inquire what each different side shared, transgressed, and transcended.
An inspect on rational solutions to the generalized Boussinesq-type equation
Authors: Liu Jian-Gen , Zhang Yu-Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this letter, we derived a new generalized Boussinesq-type equation on the basis of the generalized bilinear derivative with the prime number p = 3. By searching for a general form of rational solution to the new generalized Boussinesq-type equation, we found that this new model only contains a form of solution of the degree of F = F(x, t) with respect to x must be less than or equal to 1. Immediately after, a conjecture related to this result was put forward. Besides, we analyzed this obtained rational solution evolutionary processes by 3D-and 2D-graphs.
Datengetriebenes Fehlermanagement in der Produktion
Authors: Beckschulte Sebastian , Huebser Louis , Günther Robin , H. Schmitt Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnternehmerische Entscheidungen hängen stark von der Qualität zugrundeliegender Kennzahlen ab, welche basierend auf Daten zu Produkten und Prozessen entlang der Wertschöpfungskette abgebildet werden. Die Qualität dieser Daten ist jedoch häufig unzureichend. Im Rahmen des Beitrags werden Handlungsfelder aufgezeigt und skalierbare Lösungsansätze entwickelt, welche eine verlässliche, kennzahlenbasierte Entscheidungsfindung adressieren. Die positiven Auswirkungen werden am Beispiel eines Verbesserungs- und Digitalisierungsprojektes im Automotive-Sektor aufgezeigt.
Abu Bakar and the Conspiracy to Revive the Ancient Empire: Searching for Legitimacy in Johor-Pahang Relations
Authors: Abdullah A Rahman Tang 
Published: April 2023

This article examines Abu Bakar’s involvement in other Malay states regarding the relations between Johor and Pahang in the 19th century. It argues that his ultimate aim was to consolidate his position in Johor’s territory and obtain recognition from other Malay rulers. This is because the existing view claims that Abu Bakar had the ambition to restore the ancient empire of Johor-Riau-Lingga under his hegemony. Indeed, this view is generalised by historians even though it remains merely speculative. Thus, the discussion here is to provide a conclusive argument that rejects this view by showing that his involvement in other Malay states' political affairs was to consolidate his position in Johor.Keywords: Abu Bakar, Johor, Pahang, Ancient Empire, Legitimacy Artikel ini mengkaji keterlibatan Abu Bakar di negara-negara Melayu lainnya terkait hubungan Johor dan Pahang pada abad ke-19. Dikatakan bahwa tujuan utamanya adalah untuk mengkonsolidasikan posisinya di wilayah Johor dan mendapatkan pengakuan dari penguasa Melayu lainnya. Sebab pandangan yang ada mengklaim bahwa Abu Bakar berambisi mengembalikan kerajaan kuno Johor-Riau-Lingga di bawah hegemoninya. Memang, pandangan ini digeneralisasikan oleh para sejarawan meskipun masih bersifat spekulatif belaka. Dengan demikian, pembahasan di sini adalah untuk memberikan argumen konklusif yang menolak pandangan ini dengan menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatannya dalam urusan politik negara-negara Melayu lainnya adalah untuk mengkonsolidasikan posisinya di Johor.Kata kunci: Abu Bakar, Johor, Pahang, Kerajaan Kuno, Legitimasi
Acute adrenal crisis precipitated by thyroid storm in a patient with undiagnosed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2
Authors: Lassoued Najoua , Alaya Wafa , Rebai Senda , Arfa Sondos , Zantour Baha , Habib Sfar Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 2 is characterized by the presence of Addison’s disease (AD) along with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes. APS type 2 is known as Schmidt’s syndrome when autoimmune adrenal insufficiency is associated with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. We report a very rare case of a 28-year-old female patient who had Schmidt’s syndrome revealed by a thyroid storm (TS) concomitant with an acute adrenal crisis. The onset of AD resulted in a surgical emergency. The patient presented with cardiogenic shock and an acute abdomen. The precipitation factor was Hashitoxicosis presented as TS. This life-threatening condition was successfully reversed with aggressive medical therapy based on antithyroid drugs and intravenous glucocorticoids. This hyperthyroid phase lasted for a period of 8 months. The patient eventually developed hypothyroidism, suggesting that Hashimoto's thyroiditis was the most likely diagnosis. She was started on levothyroxine replacement therapy and remained euthyroid on levothyroxine. The case we describe had several diagnostic pitfalls that are discussed both at the start as well as during the evolution.

Learning points

Autoimmune diseases can appear concomitantly or succeed each other over time. The clinician must be vigilant to detect these diseases in time in order to avoid a misdiagnosis of a life-threatening emergency such as adrenal insufficiency or thyroid storm.

Thyroid storm is an uncommon but life-threatening manifestation of hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis is dependent on clinical symptoms, and no specific laboratory tests are available.

Glucocorticoids should be used in the treatment of thyroid storm because they have an inhibitory effect on peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

In patients who have severe thyrotoxicosis, especially in conjunction with hypotension, treatment with glucocorticoids has become standard practice because of the possibility of relative adrenal insufficiency or the possibility of undiagnosed Addison’s disease.

The differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism can be challenging. Graves’ disease can be discussed in view of the severity of the clinical presentation and the prolonged duration of the hyperthyroid phase. Hashitoxicosis is the initial hyperthyroid phase in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The hyperthyroid phase is always followed by definitive resolution, with persistent euthyroidism and no hyperthyroid relapses.

Synthetic antithyroid drugs may be prescribed during the hyperthyroid phase of Hashimoto thyroiditis if the clinical presentation is severe and the duration of the hyperthyroid phase is prolonged.
Gastrointestinal manifestations in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) patient: major effect on treatment and prognosis
Authors: Ach Taieb , Hadami Ben Yamna , Ghariani Nadia , Said ElMabrouk Randa , Ben Abdelkrim Asma , Kacem Maha , Denguezli Mohamed , Ach Koussay 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited syndrome caused by mutations in autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. The three clinical components of this syndrome are mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and primary adrenal insufficiency. In addition to these frequent symptoms, many other components have been reported including gastrointestinal manifestations.We report a case of a 17-year-old Caucasian female patient diagnosed with APECED who presented with acute abdominal pain. Her medical history revealed chronic digestive discomfort without bowel movement disorders. The patient needed a significant increase in doses of calcium supplementation and hydrocortisone which appeared to be partially inefficient. Investigation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy showed autoimmune atrophic gastritis. The patient eventually needed increasing doses of treatment received in order to achieve desired clinical and biological therapeutic goals.

Learning points

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited syndrome caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene.

The three clinical components of this syndrome that appear in early childhood are mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and primary adrenal insufficiency.

In addition to these frequent symptoms, many other components have been reported including gastrointestinal manifestations like atrophic gastritis. They can be caused by many abnormalities including atrophic gastritis and the modification of intestinal biofilm and microbiota.

Early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal manifestations associated with APECED prevent multiple life-threatening consequences like acute adrenal crisis and severe symptomatic hypocalcemia.
A rare case of isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis with Rathke’s cleft cyst presenting as panhypopituitarism
Authors: Hashmi Hiba Z , Rupakula Dinkar , Magar Rekha , Clark H Brent , Moheet Amir 
Published: April 2023

Summary
We report a rare case of biopsy-proven isolated immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related hypophysitis and Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) presenting as panhypopituitarism. A 54-year-old Caucasian female presented with symptoms of slurred speech, altered mental status, polyuria and polydipsia and was found to have panhypopituitarism. Brain MRI showed a suprasellar mass with suspected intralesional hemorrhage. She underwent trans-sphenoidal resection due to MRI evidence of compression of the optic chiasm and left optic nerve. Preoperatively, she was started on hydrocortisone, levothyroxine and desmopressin. Histopathology demonstrated a RCC with adjacent lymphoplasmacytic hypophysitis with numerous IgG4-immunoreactive plasma cells. Hydrocortisone was stopped at 10 months after confirming hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis recovery and desmopressin was stopped at 1 year. There was recurrence of a cystic mass at 1 year follow-up. Over 4 years of follow-up, she continued to require levothyroxine, and the mass remained stable in size. In order to begin to understand how this case’s unique histopathological presentation influences clinical presentation, pituitary imaging and prognosis, we present an accompanying literature review.

Learning points

Isolated IgG4 hypophysitis and coexisting Rathke’s cleft cyst is a rare condition, which presents a diagnostic challenge.

Recognizing its characteristic features can assist with early recognition and initiation of therapy to promote optimal outcomes.

Further studies investigating the mechanisms promoting co-occurrence of these entities and their effect on prognosis are needed.