bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative vestibular assessment: The development and validation of a novel, remote video head impulse test against in‐clinic measurements
Authors: So Raymond J. , Cevallos Ashley , Pile Macie , Biju Kevin , Perez‐Heydrich Carlos , Padova Dominic , Walker Courtney , Schubert Michael , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a novel remote head impulse test (rHIT), and to provide preliminary data validating the rHIT vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) gains against the in‐clinic vHIT.MethodsA convenience sample of 10 patients referred for vestibular assessment at our institution was recruited. In‐clinic vHIT was used to quantify lateral VOR gains. Patients subsequently underwent an rHIT protocol, whereby patients performed active, lateral head rotations while their eyes and heads were recorded using a laptop camera and video‐conferencing software. The vHIT and rHIT VOR gains were compared using paired t‐tests, and a Pearson correlation coefficient between the gains was calculated. Absolute accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the rHIT were additionally calculated.ResultsOf the 10 patients recruited, 4 were male, and the average ± standard deviation (SD) age was 61.4 ± 15.3 years. As determined by the vHIT, 2 patients had normal bilateral VOR gains, 6 with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, and 2 with bilateral vestibular hypofunction. The correlation between the rHIT and vHIT gains was 0.73 (p < .001). The rHIT exhibited an absolute accuracy of 75.0%, sensitivity of 70.0%, and specificity of 80.0%. When ears had a vHIT VOR gain less than 0.40, the rHIT exhibited 100.0% accuracy. Conversely, 60.0% of deficient ears with vHIT VOR gains greater than 0.40 were incorrectly categorized by the rHIT.ConclusionThe rHIT may be better suited for detecting more severe vestibular deficiencies. Future iterations of the rHIT should aim to increase the video frame‐rate capabilities to detect subtler VOR impairments.Level of Evidence4.
Promotion of ICD via Nanotechnology
Authors: Qin Yang , Zhang Haitao , Li Yunxian , Xie Ting , Yan Shuang , Wang Jiaqi , Qu Jun , Ouyang Feijun , Lv Shaoyang , Guo Zifen , Wei Hua , Yu Cui‐Yun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy represents the most promising treatment strategy for cancer, but suffers from compromised therapeutic efficiency due to low immune activity of tumor cells and an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which significantly hampers the clinical translations of this treatment strategy. To promote immunotherapy with desired therapeutic efficiency, immunogenic cell death (ICD), a particular type of death capable of reshaping body's antitumor immune activity, has drawn considerable attention due to the potential to stimulate a potent immune response. Still, the potential of ICD effect remains unsatisfactory because of the intricate tumor microenvironment and multiple drawbacks of the used inducing agents. ICD has been thoroughly reviewed so far with a general classification of ICD as a kind of immunotherapy strategy and repeated discussion of the related mechanism. However, there are no published reviews, to the authors’ knowledge, providing a systematic summarization on the enhancement of ICD via nanotechnology. For this purpose, this review first discusses the four stages of ICD according to the development mechanisms, followed by a comprehensive description on the use of nanotechnology to enhance ICD in the corresponding four stages. The challenges of ICD inducers and possible solutions are finally summarized for future ICD‐based enhanced immunotherapy.
Design of slot radiating RF planar sensor for homogeneity check of dielectric discontinuity
Authors: Banerjee Apala , Akhtar Mohammad Jaleel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a 2.8‐GHz RF planar sensor with radiating slots is proposed for effective checking of discontinuity in homogeneous dielectric samples. The slots etched in the ground plane reduce the effective area for sample placement, which increases in the case of a conventional ring at the desired frequency. Several forms of discontinuity are analyzed and measured with the help of varying geometrical configurations of Teflon, wood, and polyethylene samples with varying permittivity. It is observed that due to the uniform distribution of fields among all the radiating slots any sort of configurational discontinuity is detected by the sensor in terms of the shift in resonant frequency and S21 transmission notch. The simulations are carried out using CST‐MWS and the equivalent model is developed using ADS. The numerical analysis is carried out using Origin software and the measurement is carried out using Taconic TLY‐5 substrate by photolithographic etching.
Broadband and high gain circularly polarized mushroom‐loaded nonuniform patch array antenna with aperture CPW feed
Authors: Guthi Srinivas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe circularly polarized antenna with high gain and broad bandwidth in single layer substrate is realized with mushroom‐loaded nonuniform square patches and aperture CPW feed for 5 GHz Wi‐Fi applications. An array of nonuniform square patches are excited by using a uniform aperture CPW feed. Moreover, the mushrooms are connected between the patches and the ground plane to reduce the spurious radiations on the patch. Mushrooms are moved in the diagonal direction of patches to generate circular polarization. The dimensions of the middle patches are increased and the mushrooms of the middle patches are moved further in the diagonal direction to enhance the impedance bandwidth (IBW) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW). An array of mushroom‐loaded nonuniform square patches with aperture CPW feed has achieved an IBW of 54.2% (4.76–8.3 GHz), an ARBW of 14.3% (5.49–6.29 GHz) and the peak gain of 9.5–9.9 dBi over 5 GHz Wi‐Fi band.
Chemiedidaktik: Kohlenstoffdioxid, Wasser und der Klimawandel
Authors: Ehlert Lars , Tepner Oliver 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDie Weltmeere nehmen Kohlenstoffdioxid, CO2, aus der Atmosphäre auf, daher steigt mit der Verbrennung fossilen Kohlenstoffs und dem erhöhten CO2‐Gehalt in der Atmosphäre auch der CO2‐Gehalt des Meerwassers. Einfache Experimente für den Chemieunterricht machen Jugendlichen die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klimakrise und Ozeanversauerung klar.
Bilanz Covestro 2022: Verhageltes Ergebnis
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCovestro hat im Jahr 2022 so viel umgesetzt wie nie zuvor. Dennoch stand am Jahresende ein Verlust. Das Unternehmen will seine Polymervorprodukte für die Kreislaufwirtschaft optimieren.
Bilanz Biontech 2022: Impfstoffe und Onkologie
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiontech setzt auf weitere Impfstoffe, etwa gegen Malaria, und baut die Wirkstoff‐Pipeline gegen verschiedene Krebsarten aus. Dafür gibt das Unternehmen mehr für Forschung aus.
Trendbericht Physikalische Chemie 2023 (1/3): Astrochemistry of star and planet formation
Authors: Spezzano Silvia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStickstoff‐ und Kohlenstoffverbindungen im interstellaren Staub verraten, wie Sterne entstehen. Diese Moleküle haben Weltraumforscher:innen mit hochauflösender Rotationsspektroskopie detektiert und dazu die Verhältnisse im All im Labor nachgestellt. Wie organische Reaktionen wie nukleophile Substitution auf Molekülebene ablaufen, lässt sich mit Molekularstrahlmethoden herausfinden. Streumethoden dienen dazu, Reaktionen auf Oberflächen auf atomarer Ebene zu erfassen. Zeitaufgelöste Beugungsmethoden mit ultrakurzen Elektronen oder Röntgenphotonen werden zunehmend auf chemische Fragen angewandt, um Strukturen transienter Zustände zu beobachten.
Constrained multi‐location assortment optimization under the multinomial logit model
Authors: Bebitoğlu Başak , Şen Alper , Kaminsky Philip 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the assortment optimization problem in an online setting where a retailer uses multiple distribution centers (DC) to fulfill orders from multiple regions. Customer choice in each region follows a multinomial logit model. Each DC can carry up to a pre‐specified number of products. Outbound shipping cost to a region depends on the DC that ships the order. The problem is to determine which products to carry in each DC and which products to offer for sale in each region to maximize the expected profit. We first show that the problem is NP‐complete. We develop a conic quadratic mixed integer programming formulation and suggest a family of valid inequalities. We also show that a special case with identical choice models can be solved as a linear program. This LP solution approach can be used to develop heuristics for the general case. Numerical experiments show that our conic approach outperforms the mixed integer linear programming formulation and enables us to solve moderately sized instances optimally. The experiments also show that not allowing cross‐shipments or not considering them in assortment decisions may lead to substantial losses and LP‐based heuristics can be effective in practice.
Definition, classification, and causes of short bowel syndrome
Authors: Pironi Loris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe term “short bowel syndrome (SBS)” defines “the clinical feature associated with a remaining small bowel in continuity of less than 200 cm from the ligament of Treitz” and is characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, fatty stools, malnutrition, and dehydration. SBS is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of chronic intestinal failure (CIF), defined as the “reduction of gut function below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation (IVS) is required to maintain health and/or growth” in a metabolically stable patient. By contrast, the reduction of gut absorptive function that does not require IVS has been termed “intestinal insufficiency or deficiency” (II/ID). The classification of SBS can be categorized as follows: anatomical (anatomy and length of the residual bowel), evolutional (early, rehabilitative, and maintenance phases), pathophysiological (SBS with or without a colon in continuity), clinical (with II/ID or CIF), and severity of CIF (type and volume of the required IVS). Appropriate and homogeneous patient categorization is the mainstay of facilitating communication in clinical practice and in research.
Epidemiology, survival, costs, and quality of life in adults with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Winkler Marion , Tappenden Kelly 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare disorder with known physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens and significant morbidity and mortality. Many individuals with SBS require long‐term home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The incidence and prevalence of SBS is difficult to determine because it is often based on HPN usage and may not account for those who receive intravenous fluids or achieve enteral autonomy. The most common etiologies associated with SBS are Crohn's disease and mesenteric ischemia. Intestinal anatomy and remnant bowel length are prognostic for HPN dependency, and enteral autonomy confers a survival advantage. Health economic data confirm that PN‐related costs are higher for hospitalizations than at home; yet significant healthcare resource utilization is necessary for successful HPN, and patients and families report substantial financial distress that impacts quality of life (QOL). An important advancement in QOL measurement is the validation of HPN‐ and SBS‐specific QOL questionnaires. In addition to the known factors negatively impacting QOL, such as diarrhea, pain, nocturia, fatigue, depression, and narcotic dependency, research has shown that the volume and number of PN infusions per week is associated with QOL. Although traditional QOL measurements describe how underlying disease and therapy influence life, they do not assess how symptoms and functional limitations affect the QOL of patients and caregivers. Patient‐centered measures and conversation focused on psychosocial issues helps patients with SBS and HPN dependency better cope with their disease and treatment. This article presents a brief overview of SBS, including epidemiology, survival, costs, and QOL.
Anatomical and physiological considerations in short bowel syndrome: Emphasis on intestinal adaptation and the role of enterohormones
Authors: Tappenden Kelly A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS)–associated intestinal failure (IF) is a complex, life‐threatening condition that requires complex care of multiple factors impacting the patient's long‐term prognosis. Various etiologies result in SBS‐IF, with three primary anatomical subtypes occurring following intestinal resection. Depending on the extent and segment(s) of the intestine resected, malabsorption can be nutrient specific or sweeping; however, such issues and the associated prognosis for the patient can be predicted with analysis of the residual intestine, along with baseline nutrient and fluid deficits and extent of malabsorption. The provision of parenteral nutrition/intravenous (PN‐IV) fluids and antisymptomatic agents is fundamental; however, optimal management should focus on intestinal rehabilitation, wherein intestinal adaptation is prioritized and PN‐IV fluids are weaned over time. Key strategies to maximize intestinal adaptation include hyperphagic consumption of an individualized SBS diet and the appropriate use of trophic agents, such as a glucagon‐like peptide 2 analog.
Thrombophilia screening in the routine clinical care of children with arterial ischemic stroke
Authors: Maher Kristin , Persa Laurel , Barry Dwight , Lee‐Eng Jacqueline , Dichek Helen , Joshi Sarita , Amlie‐Lefond Catherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend thrombophilia evaluation in childhood arterial ischemic stroke, but the impact of screening on management is unknown. The objective of the current study is to report the incidence of thrombophilia identified as part of routine clinical care in the context of available literature reports, and to describe the impact of a diagnosis of thrombophilia on patient management.MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution retrospective chart review for all children with arterial ischemic stroke occurring between January 1, 2009 and January 1, 2021. We collected thrombophilia screening results, stroke etiology, and management. We also reviewed the literature of thrombophilia testing in childhood arterial ischemic stroke published prior to June 30, 2022. Meta‐analysis methods were used to assess prevalence rates.ResultsAmong children with thrombophilia testing performed, 5% (six of 122 patients) were factor V Leiden heterozygous, 1% (one of 102 patients) were prothrombin gene mutation heterozygous, 1% (one of 122) had protein S deficiency, 20% (23/116 patients) had elevated lipoprotein(a), 3% (three of 110 patients) had elevated homocysteine levels, and 9% (10/112) had elevated antiphospholipid antibodies, only two of whom had persistently elevated levels. There was no change in stroke therapy due to these results. Literature review revealed a wide range of prevalence for most thrombophilia traits, with high cross‐study heterogeneity in most cases.ConclusionsThe rates of thrombophilia in our cohort were consistent with that expected in the general population. The identification of thrombophilia did not alter stroke care. However, some of the results were actionable, prompting evaluation for lipid disorders and patient‐specific counseling on cardiovascular risk and risk for venous thrombosis.
Impact of thermomechanical reprocessing conditions on polypropylene composites made from automotive waste parts: A path to a circular economy
Authors: Garcia‐Vazquez Hector D. , Martinez‐Hernandez Harol D. , Trujillo‐Barragan Magdalena , Mondragon‐Flores Esteban , Rodriguez‐Juarez Mario E. , Millan‐Malo Beatriz M. , Villada‐Villalobos Jhon A. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Mario E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work focused studying waste car bumper samples and their processing by re‐extrusion‐injection. Car bumpers are composed of crystalline phases of polypropylene (PP), talc, and amorphous ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The recycled material's thermal, mechanical, and structural properties depend strongly on the process used for extrusion and injection and the crystalline phases formed during the heating process. The FWHM of the x‐ray diffraction patterns was used to study the recrystallization phenomenon in PP, and the result was in direct correlation with the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results. The remaining micro paint particles from the bumpers involved in the recycled extrusion‐injection process affect the mechanical properties, and their size and toughness could affect the injection. Removing these particles could improve the mechanical properties of the recycled PP. Car parts based on polypropylene can be recycled for the automotive industry to produce the same type of products and even for other areas. A methodology and metrology can be developed to understand the chemical composition and its relationship with the properties of PP‐based materials. This could lead to finding new applications in different fields and promote the development of a circular economy.
Formation encirclement of multiple quadrotors subjected to semi‐Markov jump switching topologies under consensus strategy
Authors: Wang Mingming , Sun Lin , Ping Yuan , Ma Zhenwei , Wu Chong , Guo Jinjin , Yuan Songbo , Qi Juntong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper focuses on the formation encirclement problem of multiple quadrotors subjected to semi‐Markov jump switching topologies under consensus strategy. A target encirclement control algorithm is designed to achieve an enclosed formation, which drives autonomous quadrotors around the target so the target can't get away. Afterward, we propose a decentralized consensus‐based control protocol to realize the encirclement of the target quadrotor, where onboard miniature computers carry out all necessary computations. Notably, the quadrotor is modeled by a double integrator and the switching topology is described by a signed graph subjected to the semi‐Markov jump process. Whereafter, some criteria in the form of linear matrix inequalities are constructed based on the Lyapunov stability theory to achieve encirclement behavior. Ultimately, the proposed approach is verified by a comparison simulation and two flight experiments with three follower quadrotors enclosing a leader quadrotor.
Ultrafine NiFe‐Based (Oxy)Hydroxide Nanosheet Arrays with Rich Edge Planes and Superhydrophilic‐Superaerophobic Characteristics for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jiao Han , Wang Chun , Zhang Zi‐Yang , Song Yi‐Fu , Feng Bai‐qi , Na Ping , Wang Zhong‐Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNiFe‐based (oxy)hydroxides are the benchmark catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium, however, it is still challenging to control their structures and compositions. Herein, molybdates (NiFe(MoO4)x) are applied as unique precursors to synthesize ultrafine Mo modified NiFeOxHy (oxy)hydroxide nanosheet arrays. The electrochemical activation process enables the molybdate ions (MoO42−) in the precursors gradually dissolve, and at the same time, hydroxide ions (OH−) in the electrolyte diffuse into the precursor and react with Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions in confined space to produce ultrafine NiFeOxHy (oxy)hydroxides nanosheets (<10 nm), which are densely arranged into microporous arrays and maintain the rod‐like morphology of the precursor. Such dense ultrafine nanosheet arrays produce rich edge planes on the surface of NiFeOxHy (oxy)hydroxides to expose more active sites. More importantly, the capillary phenomenon of microporous structures and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups induce the superhydrophilicity and the rough surface produces the superaerophobic characteristic for bubbles. With these advantages, the optimized catalyst exhibits excellent performance for OER, with a small overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability (200 h) at 200 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations show that the modification of Mo enhances the electron delocalization and optimizes the adsorption of intermediates.
Coacervate‐Assisted Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Chiral Alternating Copolymers into Hierarchical Bishell Capsules with Sub‐5 nm Ultrathin Lamellae
Authors: Xu Qingsong , Yu Chunyang , Jiang Lingsheng , Wang Yuling , Liu Feng , Jiang Wenfeng , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHierarchical self‐assembly of synthetic polymers in solution represents one of the sophisticated strategies to replicate the natural superstructures which lay the basis for their superb functions. However, it is still quite challenging to increase the degree of complexity of the as‐prepared assemblies, especially in a large scale. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) widely exists in cells and is assumed to be responsible for the formation of many cellular organelles without membranes. Herein, through integrating LLPS with the polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA), a coacervate‐assisted PISA (CAPISA) methodology to realize the one‐pot and scalable preparation of hierarchical bishell capsules (BCs) from nanosheets with ultrathin lamellae phase (sub‐5 nm), microflakes, unishell capsules to final BCs in a bottom‐up sequence is presented. Both the self‐assembled structure and the dynamic formation process of BCs have been disclosed. Since CAPISA has combined the advantages of coacervates, click chemistry, interfacial reaction and PISA, it is believed that it will become a promising option to fabricate biomimetic polymer materials with higher structural complexity and more sophisticated functions.
Synchronous Modulation of Energy Level Gradient and Defects for High‐Efficiency HTL‐Free Carbon‐Based All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huo Xiaonan , Wang Kexiang , Liu Weifeng , Sun Weiwei , Yin Ran , Sun Yansheng , Gao Yukun , You Tingting , Yin Penggang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to improve the thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and reduce production costs, hole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon‐based CsPbI3 PSCs (C‐PSCs) have attracted the attention of researchers. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of HTL‐free CsPbI3 C‐PSCs is still lower than that of PSCs with HTL/ metal electrodes. This is because the direct contact between the carbon electrode and the perovskite layer has a higher requirement on the crystal quality of perovskite layer and matched energy level at perovskite/carbon interface. Herein, the acyl chloride group and its derivative trichloroacetyl chloride are used to passivate CsPbI3 C‐PSCs for the first time. The results show that the carbonyl group of trichloroacetyl chloride can effectively passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions in perovskite. At the same time, leaving group Cl− ions can increase the grain size of perovskite and improve the crystallization quality of perovskite layer. In addition, the trichloroacetyl chloride tends to generate cesium chloride acetate, which acts as an electron blocking layer, reduces charge recombination, promotes gradient energy level arrangement, and effectively improves the separation and extraction ability of carriers. The PCE of CsPbI3 HTL‐free C‐PSCs is successfully increased from 13.40% to 14.82%.