bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of reflux and gastric electrical activity in gastroesophageal reflux disease with ineffective esophageal motility
Authors: Chen Rong Rong , Chen Qian Zhu , Feng Ben Chang , Wang Mei Feng , Lin Lin , Ye Bi Xing , Jiang Liu Qin 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe impact of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains unknown, and abnormal esophageal motility often coexists with abnormal gastric motility. We aimed to investigate the role of IEM in GERD and its relationship with gastric electrical activity.MethodsPatients diagnosed as GERD based on GERD‐questionnaire score ≥8 in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were included. All patients underwent 24‐h multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring, high‐resolution manometry, and electrogastrogram and were categorized into the normal esophageal motility (NEM) and IEM groups, respectively. Reflux characteristics and gastric electric activity were compared between the two groups, and the correlation between gastric electric activity and reflux was analyzed.ResultsAcid exposure time, total reflux episodes, and DeMeester score in the IEM group were higher than those in the NEM group. Distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance was significantly lower in the IEM group. Compared with the NEM group, the power ratio (PR) of fundus, antrum and pylorus and premeal and postmeal normal wave ratio of antrum were significantly lower in IEM. The total reflux episodes were negatively correlated with the PR of fundus and pylorus, and the DeMeester score was negatively correlated with the PR of corpus and pylorus.ConclusionsIEM may lead to increased reflux, resulting in esophageal mucosal damage. There may be consistency between abnormal esophageal motility and gastric motility.
Genome‐wide association study reveals new QTL and functional candidate genes for the number of ribs and carcass length in pigs
Authors: Liu Kaiyue , Hou Liming , Yin Yanzhen , Wang Binbin , Liu Chenxi , Zhou Wuduo , Niu Peipei , Li Qiang , Huang Ruihua , Li Pinghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe number of ribs (NR) and carcass length (CL) are important economic traits in pig breeding programs. Pigs with a higher NR and longer CL produce greater pork yields. In the present study, Suhuai pigs with NR and CL phenotypes were genotyped using the Neogen® GGP Porcine 80 K SNP array to identify the QTL affecting NR and CL and dissect the candidate genes for the two traits. The SNP‐chip data was imputed to the whole‐genome sequence (iWGS) to increase the probability of identifying causal variants. Through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) based on both chip and iWGS data, significant SNPs were detected on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC4 and SSC7 for NR and on SSC5, SSC16 and SSC17 for CL. Moreover, two SNPs (H3GA0022644 and WU_10.2_7_103460706) on SSC7 detected in chip‐based GWAS were significantly associated with both NR and CL. Through Bayes fine mapping, one reported QTL for NR on SSC7 and two reported QTL for CL on SSC17 were verified, and two new QTL (SSC1: 14.05–15.84 Mb and SSC4: 64.83–66.59 Mb) affecting NR and two new QTL (SSC5: 58.31–59.84 Mb and SSC16: 22.98–23.43 Mb) affecting CL were detected. According to the biological functions of genes, MTHFD1L on SSC1 and SULF1 on SSC4 are novel functional candidate genes for NR, and EMP1 on SSC5 and EGFLAM on SSC16 are novel functional candidate genes for CL. Overall, our findings provide a basis for identifying new causal genes and mutations affecting NR and CL.
The Preference for Reciprocity in Congress
Authors: Fong Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost researchers assume legislators repay past favors to secure future rewards and avoid future punishments, but a growing literature shows that human beings are intrinsically motivated to reciprocate past favors. However, there is no systematic evidence as to whether legislators bring this preference for reciprocity to Congress. An original survey experiment, an observational study of end‐of‐career behavior, and a matching‐based analysis of responses to committee assignments provide consistent evidence that legislators have a preference for reciprocity.
Retaining Political Talent: A Candidate‐Centered Theory of Primary Adoption
Authors: Ascencio Sergio J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhy do party leaders constrain their own power and allow the use of primary elections? I develop a model of intraparty politics and electoral competition in which an ambitious office‐seeker reevaluates their party affiliation after their party chooses a nomination rule. The model shows that in settings in which the linkages between politicians and parties are weak, party leaders adopt primaries in order to keep potential defectors from pursuing their individual ambitions outside of the party. The main theoretical result shows that only parties that are electorally strong ex ante can use primaries as a strategy to hold their parties together. Thus, in contrast to an extensive literature linking the use of primaries to electorally weak parties, this model posits the existence of a positive relationship between the use of primaries and a party's electoral strength. Analysis of legislative and gubernatorial nominations in Mexico provides strong support for the model's expectations.
Agenda Control under Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Callander Steven , McCarty Nolan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModels of agenda setting are central to the analysis of political institutions. Elaborations of the classical agenda‐setting model of Romer–Rosenthal have long been used to make predictions about policy outcomes and the distribution of influence among political actors. Although the canonical model is based on complete and perfect information about preferences and policy outcomes, some extensions relax these assumptions to include uncertainty about preferences and reversion points. We consider a different type of uncertainty: incomplete knowledge of the mapping between policies and outcomes. In characterizing the optimal agenda setting under this form of uncertainty, we show that it amends substantively the implications of the Romer–Rosenthal model. We then extend the model dynamically and show that rich dynamics emerge under policy uncertainty. Over a longer horizon, we find that agenda control suppresses the incentive of legislators to experiment with policy, leading to less policy learning and worse outcomes than are socially efficient.
Relation of emotion malleability beliefs to subjective well‐being: A short‐term longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Meng , Li Wen Jie , Zhang Linting , Jia Ning , You Xuqun , Zhen Zonglei , Kong Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior research has shown that emotion malleability beliefs are positively related to subjective well‐being, but less is known about the longitudinal relationship between both variables. The present study used a two‐wave longitudinal design to examine the temporal directionality of the relationship in a sample of Chinese adults. Using cross‐lagged models, we found that emotion malleability beliefs predicted all three dimensions of subjective well‐being (i.e. positive affect, life satisfaction, and negative affect) 2 months later. However, we did not detect any reverse or reciprocal effect between emotion malleability beliefs and subjective well‐being. In addition, emotion malleability beliefs still predicted life satisfaction and positive affect after controlling for the effect of the cognitive or emotional component of subjective well‐being. Our study provided primary evidence for the temporal directionality of the association between emotion malleability beliefs and subjective well‐being. Implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Letter: repeat hepatic resection versus radiofrequency ablation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in ideal candidates – authors' reply
Authors: Tong Yao , Chang De‐Hua , Xiao Yu‐Dong 
Published: March 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tong et al papers. To view these articles, visithttps://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17263 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17409
Concomitant use of statins and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and the risk of myotoxicity reporting: A disproportionality analysis
Authors: Gravel Christopher A. , Krewski Daniel , Mattison Donald R. , Momoli Franco , Douros Antonios 
Published: March 2023

AimsRecent case reports have suggested that sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may interact with statins to increase their risk of myotoxicity. We assessed the risk of myotoxicity reporting associated with concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors and statins.MethodsWe queried the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2013 to 2021 for reports including SGLT2 inhibitors, statins or both. We estimated several measures of disproportionate reporting of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis associated with concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors and statins: reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), Ω shrinkage measure (safety signal if >0) and an extension of the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) (two‐criteria set, safety signal if both criteria are met), using the full FAERS dataset as the reference set. In sensitivity analyses, we focussed on specific SGLT2 inhibitor‐statin pairs with higher interaction potential (canagliflozin‐rosuvastatin, empagliflozin‐rosuvastatin) and accounted for stimulated reporting.ResultsThere were 456 myopathy and 77 rhabdomyolysis reports involving both an SGLT2 inhibitor and a statin. Concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors and statins was not associated with an increased risk of myopathy (ROR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.89) or rhabdomyolysis (ROR 0.58, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.83) reporting. For both outcomes, the Ω shrinkage measure was negative and only one criterion of the PRR extension was met. SGLT2 inhibitor‐statin pairs with higher interaction potential yielded potential signals for rhabdomyolysis; these signals disappeared after accounting for stimulated reporting.ConclusionThere was no increased risk of myotoxicity reporting associated with concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors and statins or for specific drug pairs.
Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests
Authors: Oliva Rebeca Leme , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Tanaka Marcel Okamoto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecomposition is a key process driving carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been found to accelerate decomposition rates when litter originates from “home” when compared to other (“away”) sites. It is still poorly known how HFA plays out in tropical, riparian forests, particularly in forests under restoration. We carried out three independent reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test how litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations, and successional stage (age) influenced HFA in tropical riparian forests. These experimental areas formed a wide gradient of soil and litter nutrients, which we used to evaluate the more general hypothesis that HFA varies with dissimilarity in soil nutrients and litter quality. We found that HFA increased with soil nutrient dissimilarity, suggesting that litter translocation uncouples relationships between decomposers and litter characteristics; and with litter N:P, indicating P limitation in this system. We also found negative HFA effects at a site under restoration that presented low decomposer ability, suggesting that forest restoration does not necessarily recover decomposer communities and nutrient cycling. Within each of the independent experiments, the occurrence of HFA effects was limited and their magnitude was not related to forest age, nor soil and litter quality. Our results imply that HFA effects in tropical ecosystems are influenced by litter nutrient limitation and soil nutrient dissimilarity between home and away sites, but to further disentangle major HFA drivers in tropical areas, a gradient of dissimilarity between litter and soil properties must be implemented in future experimental designs.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Canada's Ocean Supercluster initiative: A national policy in regional clothing?
Authors: Shearmur Richard , Doloreux David , Fil‐Kristensen Iryna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the late 1980s, there has been no explicit regional policy in Canada. Indirectly, though, equalization payments, industrial policies, as well as regional agencies encouraging the adoption of federal industrial and innovation policies, impact regional economies. In 2017, the federal government appeared to alter its approach: the Supercluster initiative was announced, drawing upon the idea that localized networks of interrelated firms can generate innovation and local development. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms through which spatially focused industrial innovation policy can lead to regional development. We then focus on Canada's Ocean Supercluster initiative. The question we address is as follows: to what extent can this initiative (and, more widely, Canada's Supercluster policy) be understood as a regional development strategy driven by a coherent rationale for regional intervention? Apart from the fact that each Supercluster focuses on a pre‐existing core of firms located within a region, there is little evidence that the Supercluster initiative has regional development objectives or impacts.
Economics of conservation law enforcement by rangers across Asia
Authors: Farhadinia Mohammad S. , Johnson Paul J. , Kamath Vignesh , Eid Ehab , Hikmani Hadi Al , Ambarlı Hüseyin , Alom Zahangir , Askerov Elshad , Buchakiet Polawee , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Gavashelishvili Alexander , Tsiklauri Khatuna , Gritsina Mariya A. , Haidir Iding , Htun Saw , Kabir Muhammad , Khanal Gopal , Kittle Andrew , Koshkin Maxim A. , Kulenbekov Rahim , Kubanychbekov Zairbek , Lynam Antony , Maheshwari Aishwarya , Penjor Ugyen , Rasphone Akchousanh , Raza Hana , Redford Tim , Rizayeva Afag , Rosen Tatjana , Weinberg Pavel , Yachmennikova Anna , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Macdonald David W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiodiversity targets, under the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, prioritize both conservation area and their effectiveness. The effective management of protected areas (PAs) depends greatly on law enforcement resources, which is often tasked to rangers. We addressed economic aspects of law enforcement by rangers working in terrestrial landscapes across Asia. Accordingly, we used ranger numbers and payment rates to derive continental‐scale estimates. Ranger density has decreased by 2.4‐fold since the 1990s, increasing the median from 10.9 to 26.4 km2 of PAs per ranger. Rangers were generally paid more than the minimum wage (median ratio = 1.9) and the typical salaries in agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector (median ratio = 1.2). Annual spending on ranger salaries varied widely among countries, with a median of annual US71 km−2 of PA. Nearly 208,000 rangers patrolling Asian PAs provide an invaluable opportunity to develop ranger‐based monitoring plans for evaluating the conservation performance. As decision‐makers frequently seek an optimum number of law enforcement staff, our study provides a continental baseline median of 46.3 km2 PA per ranger. Our findings also provide a baseline for countries to improve their ranger‐based law enforcement which is critical for their Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets.
Parachute conservation: Investigating trends in international research
Authors: Miller James , White Thomas B. , Christie Alec P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractParachute science (inequity in research relationships between Global North and South scientists) has known detrimental impacts on Global South researchers in conservation. Using two international datasets of English and non‐English‐language studies testing conservation interventions, we compared the continents in which studies were conducted to those in which authors were affiliated. We found that a substantial proportion of English‐language studies conducted in Global South continents were led by researchers affiliated to Global North institutions. Studies in the Global South had relatively few locally affiliated lead authors and a higher percentage of studies with no locally affiliated authors. There were similar but typically less pronounced patterns for non‐English‐language studies. We discuss the potential drivers of these problematic findings and future directions that could help avoid and eliminate unethical parachute conservation science.
Utilization of machine learning to model the effect of blood product transfusion on short‐term lung transplant outcomes
Authors: Melnyk Vladyslav , Xu Wen , Ryan John P. , Karim Helmet T. , Chan Ernest G. , Mahajan Aman , Subramaniam Kathirvel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the relationship between blood product transfusion and short‐term morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation utilizing machine learning. Preoperative recipient characterstics, procedural variables, perioperative blood product transfusions, and donor charactersitics were included in the model. The primary composite outcome was occurrence on any of the following six endpoints: mortality during index hospitalization; primary graft dysfunction at 72 h post‐transplant or the need for postoperative circulatory support; neurological complications (seizure, stroke, or major encephalopathy); perioperative acute coronary syndrome or cardiac arrest; and renal dysfunction requiring renal replacement therapy. The cohort included 369 patients, with the composite outcome occurring in 125 cases (33.9%). Elastic net regression analysis identified 11 significant predictors of composite morbidity: higher packed red blood cell, platelet, cryoprecipitate and plasma volume from the critical period, preoperative functional dependence, any preoperative blood transfusion, VV ECMO bridge to transplant, and antifibrinolytic therapy were associated with higher risk of morbidity. Preoperative steroids, taller height, and primary chest closure were protective against composite morbidity.
Tooth autotransplantation with 3D‐printed replicas as part of interdisciplinary management of children and adolescents: Two case reports
Authors: Dhillon Ishreen Kaur , Khor Melissa Mei‐Yi , Tan Bing Liang , Wong Raymond Chung Wen , Duggal Mandeep Singh , Soh Shean Han , Lu Wilson Weixun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe management of missing teeth as a result of dental trauma or associated with hypodontia in children and adolescents presents as a clinical challenge for the dental team. One of the options that is regaining popularity is dental autotransplantation. To improve autotransplantation outcomes, careful interdisciplinary planning, surgical simulation using cone beam computed tomography images and three‐dimensional‐printed teeth replicas should be undertaken for presurgical preparation. This case report showcases two applications of autotransplantation, with emphasis on interdisciplinary management, presurgical preparation and postsurgical orthodontic and aesthetic management to deliver a good long‐term, sustainable, biological outcome, as a part of a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment plan in children.
Clinical symptoms in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: Frequency, time of onset, and discriminant ability
Authors: Donaghy Paul C. , Hamilton Calum , Durcan Rory , Lawley Sarah , Barker Sally , Ciafone Joanna , Barnett Nicola , Olsen Kirsty , Firbank Michael , Roberts Gemma , Lloyd Jim , Allan Louise M. , Saha Ranjan , McKeith Ian G. , O'Brien John T. , Taylor John‐Paul , Thomas Alan J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeMild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB) is associated with a range of cognitive, motor, neuropsychiatric, sleep, autonomic, and visual symptoms. We investigated the cumulative frequency of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of MCI‐LB compared with MCI due to Alzheimer disease (MCI‐AD) and analysed the ability of a previously described 10‐point symptom scale to differentiate MCI‐LB and MCI‐AD, in an independent cohort.MethodsParticipants with probable MCI‐LB (n = 70), MCI‐AD (n = 51), and controls (n = 34) had a detailed clinical assessment and annual follow‐up (mean duration = 1.7 years). The presence of a range of symptoms was ascertained using a modified version of the Lewy Body Disease Association Comprehensive LBD Symptom Checklist at baseline assessment and then annually.ResultsMCI‐LB participants experienced a greater mean number of symptoms (24.2, SD = 7.6) compared with MCI‐AD (11.3, SD = 7.4) and controls (4.2, SD = 3.1; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). A range of cognitive, parkinsonian, neuropsychiatric, sleep, and autonomic symptoms were significantly more common in MCI‐LB than MCI‐AD, although when present, the time of onset was similar between the two groups. A previously defined 10‐point symptom scale demonstrated very good discrimination between MCI‐LB and MCI‐AD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.91, 95% confidence interval = 0.84–0.98), replicating our previous finding in a new cohort.ConclusionsMCI‐LB is associated with the frequent presence of a particular profile of symptoms compared to MCI‐AD. Clinicians should look for evidence of these symptoms in MCI and be aware of the potential for treatment. The presence of these symptoms may help to discriminate MCI‐LB from MCI‐AD.
Multiple sleep–wake disturbances after stroke predict an increased risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular events or death: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Duss Simone B. , Bernasconi Corrado , Steck Anita , Brill Anne‐Kathrin , Manconi Mauro , Dekkers Martijn , Schmidt Markus H. , Bassetti Claudio L. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeContradictory evidence on the impact of single sleep‐wake‐disturbances (SWD), such as sleep‐disorderd breating (SDB) or insomnia, in patients with stroke, on the risk of subsequent cardio‐ and cerebrovascular events (CCE) and death, exists. Very recent studies in the general population suggest that the presence of multiple SWD increases cardio‐cerebrovascular risk. Hence, the aim of this study was to asssess whether a novel score capturing the burden of multiple SWD, a so called "sleep burden index", is predictive for subsequent CCE including death in a prospectively followed cohort of stroke patients.MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were prospectively recruited. Four SWD were analyzed: (i) SDB with respirography; (ii) insomnia (defined using the insomnia severity index [ISI]); (iii) restless legs syndrome (RLS; defined using the International RLS Study Group rating scale); and (iv) self‐estimated sleep duration at 1 and 3 months. A “sleep burden index”, calculated using the mean of z‐transformed values from assessments of these four SWD, was created. The occurrence of CCE was recorded over a mean ± standard deviation (SD) follow‐up of 3.2 ± 0.3 years.ResultsWe assessed 437 patients (87% ischemic stroke, 13% TIA, 64% males) with a mean ± SD age of 65.1 ± 13.0 years. SDB (respiratory event index ≥ 5/h) was present in 66.2% of these patients. Insomnia (ISI ≥ 10), RLS and extreme sleep duration affected 26.2%, 6.4% and 13.7% of the patients 3 months post‐stroke. Seventy out of the 437 patients (16%) had at least one CCE during the follow‐up. The sleep burden index was associated with a higher risk for subsequent CCE, including death (odds ratio 1.80 per index unit, 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.72; p = 0.0056).ConclusionThe presence of multiple SWDs constitutes a risk for subsequent CCE (including death) within the first 3 years following stroke. Larger systematic studies should assess the utility of the sleep burden index for patients' risk stratification in clinical practice.