bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous robot-assisted screw fixation for nondisplaced pelvic fractures: a good choice?
Authors: Zhu Zongdong , Tan Bo , Wei Dan , Tang Xiaoming , Yuan Jiabin , Hu Jiang , Liao Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the merits and demerits of percutaneous robot-assisted screw fixation for nondisplaced pelvic fractures with other treatments via long-term follow-up.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of nondisplaced pelvic fractures treated between January 2015 and December 2021. The number of fluoroscopy exposures, operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, surgical complications, screw placement accuracy and Majeed score were compared among the nonoperative group (24 cases), open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) group (45 cases), free-hand empirical screw fixation (FH) group (10 cases) and robot-assisted screw fixation (RA) group (40 cases).

Results
There was less intraoperative blood loss in the RA and FH groups than in the ORIF group. The number of fluoroscopy exposures in the RA group was lower than that in the FH group but much higher than that in the ORIF group. There were five cases of wound infection in the ORIF group and no surgical complications in the FH or RA group. The medical expenses were higher in the RA group than in the FH group, with no significant difference from the ORIF group. The Majeed score was lowest in the nonoperative group three months after injury (64.5±12.0) but lowest in the ORIF group one year after injury (88.6±4.1).

Conclusion
Percutaneous RA for nondisplaced pelvic fractures is effective and minimally invasive and does not increase medical expenses compared with ORIF. Therefore, it is the best choice for patients with nondisplaced pelvic fractures.
Urinary tract infections trigger synucleinopathy via the innate immune response
Authors: Peelaerts Wouter , Mercado Gabriela , George Sonia , Villumsen Marie , Kasen Alysa , Aguileta Miguel , Linstow Christian , Sutter Alexandra B. , Kuhn Emily , Stetzik Lucas , Sheridan Rachel , Bergkvist Liza , Meyerdirk Lindsay , Lindqvist Allison , Gavis Martha L. Escobar , Van den Haute Chris , Hultgren Scott J. , Baekelandt Veerle , Pospisilik J. Andrew , Brudek Tomasz , Aznar Susana , Steiner Jennifer A. , Henderson Michael X. , Brundin Lena , Ivanova Magdalena I. , Hannan Tom J. , Brundin Patrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSymptoms in the urogenital organs are common in multiple system atrophy (MSA), also in the years preceding the MSA diagnosis. It is unknown how MSA is triggered and these observations in prodromal MSA led us to hypothesize that synucleinopathy could be triggered by infection of the genitourinary tract causing ɑ-synuclein (ɑSyn) to aggregate in peripheral nerves innervating these organs. As a first proof that peripheral infections could act as a trigger in MSA, this study focused on lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), given the relevance and high frequency of UTIs in prodromal MSA, although other types of infection might also be important triggers of MSA. We performed an epidemiological nested-case control study in the Danish population showing that UTIs are associated with future diagnosis of MSA several years after infection and that it impacts risk in both men and women. Bacterial infection of the urinary bladder triggers synucleinopathy in mice and we propose a novel role of ɑSyn in the innate immune system response to bacteria. Urinary tract infection with uropathogenic E.coli results in the de novo aggregation of ɑSyn during neutrophil infiltration. During the infection, ɑSyn is released extracellularly from neutrophils as part of their extracellular traps. Injection of MSA aggregates into the urinary bladder leads to motor deficits and propagation of ɑSyn pathology to the central nervous system in mice overexpressing oligodendroglial ɑSyn. Repeated UTIs lead to progressive development of synucleinopathy with oligodendroglial involvement in vivo. Our results link bacterial infections with synucleinopathy and show that a host response to environmental triggers can result in ɑSyn pathology that bears semblance to MSA.
Assessment of zootechnical parameters, intestinal digestive enzymes, haemato-immune responses, and hepatic antioxidant status of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fingerlings reared under different stocking densities
Authors: Zaki Mohamed A. A. , Khalil Hala Saber , Allam Belal W. , Khalil Riad H. , Basuini Mohammed F. El , Nour Abd El-Aziz M. , Labib Eman M. H. , Elkholy Islam S. E. , Verdegem Marc , Abdel-Latif Hany M. R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A 3-month experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on growth, stress markers, intestinal digestive enzymes, hepatic antioxidant biomarkers, serum immunity, and survivability of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The relationship between fish stocking densities and water quality parameters was also assessed. Healthy fish (n = 1260 individuals, 17.52 ± 0.20 g) were raised in twelve fiberglass tanks. Triplicate fish groups with stocking densities of 60, 90, 120, or 150 fish per 1 m3 were designed, further referred to as SD60, SD90, SD120, and SD150 groups. Fish feeding was done using a commercially purchased well-balanced diet three times per day with a feeding rate of 3% of the wet fish weight. Results revealed that un-ionized ammonia, nitrite, and pH were significantly elevated, and dissolved oxygen levels were decreased significantly with increasing the stocking densities. The survival rates and growth significantly decreased with increasing fish stocking densities. The intestinal lipase, protease, trypsin, and amylase enzymes decreased significantly (P < 0.05) along with increased stocking densities. Moreover, significant decreases were noticed in total protein, lysozyme activity, and globulin levels when the stocking density was higher than 60 fish/m3. Conversely, serum stress biomarkers (such as blood glucose and cortisol), transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and blood urea nitrogen were significantly elevated with increasing stocking densities. Hepatic CAT, SOD, and T-AOC were decreased; meanwhile, hepatic MDA levels were significantly increased, together with the stocking rates. In the end, we found that the SD150 group recorded the lowest growth rates, immune responses, and antioxidant capacity and the highest stress markers as blood glucose and cortisol. In this context, we can conclude that the stocking 60 fish/m3 resulted in better growth, survival, immunity, antioxidant status, and overall performances of striped catfish.
Graphical Abstract
Influences on the accuracy of crystallinities determined by the method of Ruland and Vonk
Authors: Opdenbosch Daniel Van 
Published: March 2023

AbstractX-ray diffractometry is the method of choice for the determination of crystallinities in non-thermoplastic polymers, prominently in cellulose. Obtaining quantitative measures on a sound theoretical basis includes the integration of intensities scattered by the crystalline phase over volume elements in reciprocal space. This is hampered by the occurrence of diffuse scattering, whose profile is not readily distinguishable from scattering by amorphous phases. The manner of evaluating diffractograms pioneered by Ruland and refined by Vonk allows to determine crystallinities by integrating only the coherently scattered portion of crystalline-phase intensities and extrapolating their proportion to a scattering vector of 0. However, preferred crystallite orientations within measured samples, as well as the range of scattering vectors from which the data are extrapolated, have been pointed out as sources of systematic error. We investigated the influence of these factors at the examples of two crystalline structures of cellulose and two types of technically relevant thermoplastics. We found that the method of Ruland and Vonk is rather robust when applied to cellulose, but decidedly less so when applied to polymers with highly symmetric crystalline phases. We also found that there is a range of scattering vectors that leads systematically to the most accurate measures of crystallinity. We further investigated the influence of the crystallite sizes, the crystallinities themselves and the thermal displacement factors, and found that the latter had a profound effect on the accuracies of determined crystallinities.
Theories of Motivation in Education: an Integrative Framework
Authors: Urhahne Detlef , Wijnia Lisette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral major theories have been established in research on motivation in education to describe, explain, and predict the direction, initiation, intensity, and persistence of learning behaviors. The most commonly cited theories of academic motivation include expectancy-value theory, social cognitive theory, self-determination theory, interest theory, achievement goal theory, and attribution theory. To gain a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences among these prominent theories, we present an integrative framework based on an action model (Heckhausen & Heckhausen, 2018). The basic model is deliberately parsimonious, consisting of six stages of action: the situation, the self, the goal, the action, the outcome, and the consequences. Motivational constructs from each major theory are related to these determinants in the course of action, mainly revealing differences and to a lesser extent commonalities. In the integrative model, learning outcomes represent a typical indicator of goal-directed behavior. Associated recent meta-analyses demonstrate the empirical relationship between the motivational constructs of the six central theories and academic achievement. They provide evidence for the explanatory value of each theory for students’ learning.
Ethics in pre-ART genetics: a missed X-linked Menkes disease case
Authors: Gerdes A.-M. A. , Møller L. Birk , Horn N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has experienced dramatic progress over the last 30 years, and gamete donation is routine in fertility clinics. Major advances in genetic diagnostics are part of this development due to the ability to analyze multiple genes or whole genomes fast and to an affordable prize. This requires knowledge and capability to evaluate genetic variants correctly in a clinical setting. Here we report a Menkes disease case, born after ART, where genetic screening and variant scoring failed to identify an egg donor as carrier of this fatal X-linked disorder. The gene variant is a deletion of a single base pair leading to a frameshift and premature termination of the protein, predicted to result in no or severely diminished function. The variant would be classified as likely pathogenic (class 4) and should be readily detectable by molecular genetic screening techniques. We wish to highlight this case to prevent future similar cases. IVI Igenomix has developed and embarked on an ambitious screening program to detect and prevent a large number of inherited severe childhood disorders in ART pregnancies. The company has recently achieved ISO 15189 certification with competence to evaluate and deliver timely, accurate, and reliable results. Failure to identify a pathogenic variant in the ATP7A gene leading to birth of two boys with Menkes disease invokes the required procedures to screen and detect disease-causing gene variants. This calls for ethical and legal considerations in ART diagnostics to prevent fatal errors like the present.
Increased Plasma Levels of Triglyceride-Enriched Lipoproteins Associate with Systemic Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, and Gut Dysbiosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Macpherson Magnhild E. , Skarpengland Tonje , Hov Johannes R. , Ranheim Trine , Vestad Beate , Dahl Tuva B. , Fraz Mai S. A. , Michelsen Annika E. , Holven Kirsten B. , Fevang Børre , Berge Rolf K. , Aukrust Pål , Halvorsen Bente , Jørgensen Silje F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Triglycerides (TG) and their major transport lipoprotein in the circulation (VLDL) appear to be related to inflammation. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have inflammatory complications associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. We hypothesized that CVID patients have disturbed TG/VLDL profiles associated with these clinical characteristics.

Methods
We measured plasma concentrations of TGs, inflammatory markers, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 95 CVID patients and 28 healthy controls. Additionally, in 40 CVID patients, we explored plasma lipoprotein profiling, fatty acid, gut microbial dysbiosis, and diet.

Results
TG levels were increased in CVID patients as compared to healthy controls (1.36 ± 0.53 mmol/l versus 1.08 ± 0.56 [mean, SD], respectively, P = 0.008), particularly in the clinical subgroup “Complications,” characterized by autoimmunity and organ-specific inflammation, compared to “Infection only” (1.41 mmol/l, 0.71[median, IQR] versus [1.02 mmol/l, 0.50], P = 0.021). Lipoprotein profile analyses showed increased levels of all sizes of VLDL particles in CVID patients compared to controls. TG levels correlated positively with CRP (rho = 0.256, P = 0.015), IL-6 (rho = 0.237, P = 0.021), IL-12 (rho = 0.265, P = 0.009), LPS (r = 0.654, P = 6.59 × 10−13), CVID-specific gut dysbiosis index (r = 0.315, P = 0.048), and inversely with a favorable fatty acid profile (docosahexaenoic acid [rho =  − 0.369, P = 0.021] and linoleic acid [rho =  − 0.375, P = 0.019]). TGs and VLDL lipids did not appear to be associated with diet and there were no differences in body mass index (BMI) between CVID patients and controls.

Conclusion
We found increased plasma levels of TGs and all sizes of VLDL particles, which were associated with systemic inflammation, LPS, and gut dysbiosis in CVID, but not diet or BMI.
Policy Objective of Military Intervention and Public Attitudes: A Conjoint Experiment from US and Turkey
Authors: Kiratli Osman Sabri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper scrutinizes the role of the principal policy objective of military intervention in conditioning citizen attitudes for the use of force. Extending the scope of analysis beyond the independent effects, it next assesses how the effects of two core variables of intervention, namely international organizations’ approval of the operation and the regime type of the target country, vary for interventions with differing mandates. The results of the conjoint experiment in two dissimilar cases, the US and Turkey, show that despite substantial changes in relative support for different types of operations, policy objective is still a highly potent determinant of individual attitudes. The results also concur that compared to foreign policy restraint and humanitarian missions, individuals are more sensitive to international organizations’ endorsements of the use of force for peace and internal political change operations. Finally, individuals are significantly disapproving of operations that seek internal political changes in democratic targets, though in contrast to the democratic peace theory, for other types of interventions, they are indifferent to the regime type of the opponent.
Effective micropropagation of kale (Brassica oleracea convar. Acephala var. sabellica): one of the most important representatives of cruciferous crops
Authors: Kamińska Monika , Sliwinska Elwira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKale (Brassica oleracea convar. acephala var. sabellica) is one of the oldest Brassica vegetable varieties with the highest nutritional value and stress resistance. This work aimed to establish an efficient kale micropropagation protocol. Shoot tips were used as explants during axillary shoots multiplication. The most effective cytokinin (6 and 10 shoots per explant after the 1st and 2nd passage, respectively) was 2.5 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine. Rooting was the most effective on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 95% rooted shoots). The highest survival rate during acclimatization to ex vitro conditions occurred when plantlets were planted in a soil and perlite mixture. No changes in DNA content were detected using flow cytometry. This paper additionally emphasizes problems associated with the abnormal development of some multiplied Brassicaceae shoots. Nevertheless, the results confirmed that kale micropropagation was successful without any phenotypic aberration.
Evaluation of BAYESIL for automated annotation of 1H NMR data using limited sample volumes: application to African elephant serum
Authors: van Zyl Christiaan De Wet , van Reenen Mari , Osthoff Gernot , du Preez Ilse 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Technological advancements enabled the analyses of limited sample volumes on 1H NMR. Manual spectral profiling of the data is, however, complex, and timely.

Objective
To evaluate the performance of BAYESIL for automated identification and quantification of 1H NMR spectra of limited volume samples.

Method
Aliquots of a pooled African elephant serum sample were analyzed using standard and reduced volumes. Performance was evaluated on confidence scores, non-detects and laboratory CV.

Results
Of the 47 compounds detected, 28 had favorable performances. The approach could differentiate samples based on biological variation.

Conclusions
BAYESIL is valuable for limited sample 1H NMR data analyses.
Design of a piezoelectrically actuated hydrocephalus shunt valve
Authors: Salih O. , Messina M. , Al-Jumeily D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrocephalus is currently managed by using traditional mechanical passive shunts. Due to their nature, these shunts have fundamental shortcomings including an increase in patient shunt dependency, absence of fault detection, and over drainage due to lack of shunt proactivity. There is a scientific consensus that the way forward to address these issues is through what is termed a smart shunt. The core component of this system is the mechatronic controllable valve. A design of a valve which utilises both the passive nature of the classical valves and the controllability feature of the fully automated valves is presented in this paper. The valve consists of a fluid compartment, a linear spring, and an ultrasonic piezoelectric element. The valve is designed to operate on a 5 V supply, to drain up to 300 mL/h, and it has an operational range between 10 and 20 mmHg. The design produced is considered feasible as it takes into consideration the multiple operation conditions associated with such an implanted system.
Graphical Abstract
Digitale Souveränität in soziotechnischen Systemen – KI-Nutzung und Krisenbewältigung
Authors: Hofmann Annelie , Hartmann Ernst A. , Shajek Alexandra 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation, diskutiert das Zusammenspiel der Konzepte soziotechnische Systeme und digitale Souveränität. Die jeweiligen theoretischen Hintergründe werden betrachtet und funktionale Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Gegenstandsbereichen hergeleitet. Es wird ein soziotechnischer Ansatz vorgeschlagen, mit dem Bewertungs- und Gestaltungskriterien für Handlungskontexte abgeleitet werden können, die der digitalen Souveränität von Unternehmen und Beschäftigten zuträglich sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden im Artikel zwei empirische Analyse- und Gestaltungsfelder skizziert: Im ersten empirischen Feld wird der Ansatz zur partizipativen Gestaltung von industriellen Arbeitsumgebungen eingesetzt, die durch die Einführung fortgeschrittener algorithmischer Systeme bzw. KI-Systemen (Künstliche Intelligenz) neu geprägt werden. Solche KI-basierten Systeme stellen u. A. wegen ihrer inhärenten Intransparenz eine große Herausforderung für Gestaltungen im Sinne digitaler Souveränität dar. In einem Workshop mit 50 Teilnehmenden aus verschiedenen Wirtschaftsunternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen wurde dazu eine Matrix zur soziotechnischen Analyse von Arbeitsumgebungen entlang realer Fallbeispiele angewendet. Die drei Fallbeispiele stammten aus den Anwendungsfeldern Automobil, Brauerei und Verpackungstechnik. In allen drei Fällen geht es um die Integration von KI-gestützten Methoden in bestehende Arbeitsabläufe. Die Methode erlaubt eine strukturierte Interaktion mit synchroner Visualisierung von Gestaltungsideen, die für co-kreative Formate förderlich ist. Das zweite empirische Anwendungsfeld, auf das der soziotechnische Ansatz angewendet wurde, fokussiert die digitale Souveränität auf der Organisationsebene von Unternehmen und Einrichtungen. In der betrachteten Studie wurde erforscht, wie Organisationen mit den Herausforderungen der COVID-19-Pandemie umgegangen sind. Analysiert wurden fünf Branchen (Einzelhandel, Gesundheitswirtschaft einschließlich Pflege, Öffentliche Verwaltung, Unternehmensnahe Dienstleistungen, Öffentlicher Personennahverkehr) mit je vier Fallstudien, die die Auswirkungen der Krise auf der Grundlage leitfadengestützter Interviews sowohl mit der Arbeitgeber- als auch mit der Arbeitnehmerseite abbilden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Zusammenhänge zwischen den Merkmalen soziotechnischer Systeme und digitaler Souveränität auch hier Interpretationshilfen bieten.
Rab11A Depletion in Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Proteome upon Beta-Amyloid Treatment
Authors: Mignogna Giuseppina , Fabrizi Cinzia , Correani Virginia , Giorgi Alessandra , Maras Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroglia, the macrophage-like glial cells, behave as sentinels against exogenous pathogens invading the neural tissue. Their commitment is not only confined to the defensive function, but they also perform balancing trophic activities such as neuronal postnatal development, remodeling and pruning of synapses. Likewise, microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can play strategic roles in maintaining a healthy brain by modulating neuronal activity and by controlling neurite outgrowth as well as innate immune response. Nevertheless, strong evidence also points to their role in the development of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we explored EV protein content released by BV2 microglial cells in a resting state and after stimulation with beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ), mimicking conditions occurring in AD. In the resting BV2 cells, we extended the list of proteins present in mouse microglia EV cargo with respect to those reported in the Vesiclepedia exosome database while, in amyloid-triggered microglia, we highlighted a pronounced drop in EV protein content. Focusing on Rab11A, a key factor in the recycling routes of amyloid species, we observed a dramatic decrease of this protein in Aβ-treated microglia EV cargo with respect to the EVs from the untreated sample. This decrease might affect the delivery of Rab11A to neurons thus increasing the harmful amyloid burden in neuronal cells that eventually may lead to their death. We tentatively proposed that alterations observed in EVs derived from Aβ-treated microglia may represent molecular features that, among others, shape the disease-associated microglial phenotype, a recently proposed subset of microglial population, present in neurodegenerative pathologies.