bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optoelectronic and Optomechanical Properties of Few‐Atomic‐Layer Black Phosphorus Nanoflakes as Revealed by In Situ TEM
Authors: Zhang Chao , Korovina Anastasia V. , Firestein Konstantin L. , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Lewis Courtney‐Elyce , Kvashnin Dmitry G. , Golberg Dmitri V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe optoelectronic signatures of free‐standing few‐atomic‐layer black phosphorus nanoflakes are analyzed by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As compared to other 2D materials, the band gap of black phosphorus (BP) is related directly to multiple thicknesses and can be tuned by nanoflake thickness and strain. The photocurrent measurements with the TEM show a stable response to infrared light illumination and change of nanoflakes band gap with deformation while pressing them between two electrodes assembled in the microscope. The photocurrent spectra of an 8‐ and a 6‐layer BP nanoflake samples are comparatively measured. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to identify the band structure changes of BP during deformations. The results should help to find the best pathways for BP smart band gap engineering via tuning the number of material atomic layers and programmed deformations to promote future optoelectronic applications.
Introducing Hybrid Defects of Silicon Doping and Oxygen Vacancies into MOF‐Derived TiO2–X@Carbon Nanotablets Toward High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yao Tianhao , Wang Hongkang , Ji Xin , Wang Deyu , Zhang Qingmiao , Meng Lingjie , Shi Jian‐Wen , Han Xiaogang , Cheng Yonghong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising anode material for sodium–ion batteries (SIBs), which suffer from the intrinsic sluggish ion transferability and poor conductivity. To overcome these drawbacks, a facile strategy is developed to synergistically engineer the lattice defects (i.e., heteroatom doping and oxygen vacancy generation) and the fine microstructure (i.e., carbon hybridization and porous structure) of TiO2‐based anode, which efficiently enhances the sodium storage performance. Herein, it is successfully realized that the Si‐doping into the MIL‐125 metal‐organic framework structure, which can be easily converted to SiO2/TiO2–x@C nanotablets by annealing under inert atmosphere. After NaOH etching SiO2/TiO2–x@C which contains unbonded SiO2 and chemically bonded SiOTi, thus the lattice Si‐doped TiO2–x@C (Si‐TiO2–x@C) nanotablets with rich Ti3+/oxygen vacancies and abundant inner pores are developed. When examined as an anode for SIB, the Si‐TiO2–x@C exhibits a high sodium storage capacity (285 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), excellent long‐term cycling, and high‐rate performances (190 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 2500 cycles with 95.1% capacity retention). Theoretical calculations indicate that the rich Ti3+/oxygen vacancies and Si‐doping synergistically contribute to a narrowed bandgap and lower sodiation barrier, which thus lead to fast electron/ion transfer coefficients and the predominant pseudocapacitive sodium storage behavior.
An insider's perspective on FDA approval of aducanumab
Authors: Wang Yaning 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAducanumab was approved in 2021 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the accelerated approval pathway. Since then, there have been many misconceptions about the approval decision despite multiple publications from the FDA to explain the rationale.MethodsEven though the FDA's final decision was accelerated approval, the Office of Clinical Pharmacology recommended regular/full approval based on its own analyses. Exposure–response analyses were conducted to quantify the relationship between aducanumab longitudinal exposure and responses (standardized uptake values ratios for amyloid beta and various clinical endpoints) in all clinical trials. To explain the difference between aducanumab and other compounds with negative results in the past, publicly available data were combined with the aducanumab data to demonstrate the relationship between amyloid reduction and clinical endpoint change across multiple compounds with similar mechanism of action. The probability to observe the overall positive findings in the aducanumab program was quantified under the assumption that aducanumab is ineffective.ResultsPositive exposure–response (disease progression) relationship for multiple clinical endpoints from all clinical trials was identified. Positive exposure–amyloid reduction relationship was established. Consistent amyloid reduction–clinical endpoint change relationship across multiple compounds was observed. If aducanumab is assumed to be ineffective, it is extremely unlikely we would observe the overall positive findings in the aducanumab program.ConclusionThese results provided convincing evidence to support aducanumab's effectiveness. In addition, the observed effect size in the studied patient population represents a clinically meaningful benefit given the magnitude of disease progression within the trial duration.Highlights
Totality of evidence supports the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s approval decision for aducanumab.
Different opinions were clearly explained in the FDA's public reviews from different disciplines.
Readers are encouraged to read the FDA's reviews to understand the FDA's rationale to approve aducanumab.
Eukaryotic splicing machinery in the plant–virus battleground
Authors: Su Chang‐Feng , Das Debatosh , Muhammad Aslam Mehtab , Xie Ji‐Qin , Li Xiang‐Yang , Chen Mo‐Xian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant virual infections are mainly caused by plant‐virus parasitism which affects ecological communities. Some viruses are highly pathogen specific that can infect only specific plants, while some can cause widespread harm, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). After a virus infects the host, undergoes a series of harmful effects, including the destruction of host cell membrane receptors, changes in cell membrane components, cell fusion, and the production of neoantigens on the cell surface. Therefore, competition between the host and the virus arises. The virus starts gaining control of critical cellular functions of the host cells and ultimately affects the fate of the targeted host plants. Among these critical cellular processes, alternative splicing (AS) is an essential posttranscriptional regulation process in RNA maturation, which amplify host protein diversity and manipulates transcript abundance in response to plant pathogens. AS is widespread in nearly all human genes and critical in regulating animal‐virus interactions. In particular, an animal virus can hijack the host splicing machinery to re‐organize its compartments for propagation. Changes in AS are known to cause human disease, and various AS events have been reported to regulate tissue specificity, development, tumour proliferation, and multi‐functionality. However, the mechanisms underlying plant–virus interactions are poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how viruses interact with their plant hosts compared with humans, analyze currently used and putative candidate agrochemicals to treat plant‐viral infections, and finally discussed the potential research hotspots in the future.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Towards an evidence‐informed strategy for communicating lead ammunition risks
Authors: Balog‐Way Dominic H. P. , McComas Katherine A. , Leong Alisius D. , Brown David O. , Schuler Krysten L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLead hunting ammunition is a key source of lead exposure for wildlife and humans who eat wild game. To improve the effectiveness of lead ammunition risk communication, and avoid unintended negative effects from poorly conceived messages, we examined how New York State hunter education instructors view the lead issue. We conducted in‐depth interviews with instructors from 5 New York State regions from September 2020 to February 2021, which generated qualitative data on instructors' knowledge, beliefs, and opinions. We classified instructors into 3 groups: (i) concerned advocates, (ii) resistant skeptics, or (iii) ambivalent educators. Concerned advocates had substantial, accurate knowledge of the lead issue, as judged by the investigators, and a strong desire to avoid lead ammunition. Resistant skeptics believed lead ammunition risks are insignificant, exaggerated, or already well‐managed, and strongly resisted using nonlead alternatives. Ambivalent educators self‐reported limited knowledge of the lead issue or its significance and a general ambivalence, or even apathy, towards switching to nonlead alternatives. Across groups, instructors made clear they were (i) concerned about the higher price and lower availability of nonlead ammunition, (ii) uncertain about the relative performance of lead versus nonlead ammunition, and (iii) strongly opposed to legislation and regulation. Instructors also strongly believed that education and effective communication offer the best path forward, although most admitted rarely discussing the toxic effects of lead ammunition in class. We recommend that state hunter education program managers update their curricula and instructor training courses to include a module on the wildlife and human health lead ammunition issue. We also recommend that state and federal regulators cooperate strategically on communicating and managing lead ammunition risks to better address the issue and avoid unintended, unwanted outcomes.
Sanctorius’s Work in Its Practical Context
Authors: Hollerbach Teresa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter spotlights the practical context of theDe statica medicinaand explores Sanctorius’s use of instrumentation. The investigation of the form and style of theDe statica medicinaand its relation to the literary genre ofRegimina sanitatis—a medieval tradition of rules of health—allows important conclusions to be drawn on how Sanctorius shared his practical experiences, on his intended audience, and more generally, on the purpose of the publication. Complementary to established knowledge on Sanctorius, the analysis of his use of instrumentation focuses here not on the measuring instruments, but on the various other lesser-known devices that he developed, ranging from surgical devices to a special sickbed. I examine the relation of these devices to Sanctorius’s medical practice as well as to his teaching activities at the University of Padua. Even though—or exactly because—they were not part of the quantitative approach to physiology, their study helps to complement the picture of Sanctorius as a practicing physician. Moreover, it provides glimpses of the social context in which he developed and used his instruments and of how he used his head and hands in medicine. Finally, the results of this chapter allow theDe statica medicinato be reviewed afresh within the broader practical context of Sanctorius’s undertakings.
Integrated microscale immiscible phase extraction and isothermal amplification for colorimetric detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Rodriguez-Mateos Pablo , Ngamsom Bongkot , Ameyo Daglus , Wakaba Patrick , Shiluli Clement , Iles Alexander , Gitaka Jesse , Pamme Nicole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) with around 87 million cases worldwide estimated in 2016 by the World Health Organization. With over half of the cases being asymptomatic, potential life-threatening complications and increasing numbers of drug-resistant strains, routine monitoring of prevalence and incidence of infections are key preventive measures. Whilst gold standard qPCR tests have excellent accuracy, they are neither affordable nor accessible in low-resource settings. In this study, we developed a lab-on-a-chip platform based on microscale immiscible filtration to extract, concentrate and purify Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA with an integrated detection assay based on colorimetric isothermal amplification. The platform was capable of detecting as low as 500 copies/mL from spiked synthetic urine and showed no cross-reactivity when challenged with DNAs from other common STIs. The credit card–size device allows DNA extraction and purification without power or centrifuges, and the detection reaction only needs a low-tech block heater, providing a straightforward and visual positive/negative result within 1 h. These advantages offer great potential for accurate, affordable and accessible monitoring of gonorrhea infection in resource-poor settings.
Simplicial Chern–Weil theory for coherent analytic sheaves, part II
Authors: Hosgood Timothy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the previous part of this diptych, we defined the notion of an admissible simplicial connection, as well as explaining how H.I. Green constructed a resolution of coherent analytic sheaves by locally free sheaves on the Čech nerve. This paper seeks to apply these abstract formalisms, by showing that Green’s barycentric simplicial connection is indeed admissible, and that this condition is exactly what we need in order to be able to apply Chern–Weil theory and construct characteristic classes. We show that, in the case of (global) vector bundles, the simplicial construction agrees with what one might construct manually: the explicit Čech representatives of the exponential Atiyah classes of a vector bundle agree. Finally, we summarise how all the preceding theory fits together to allow us to define Chern classes of coherent analytic sheaves, as well as showing uniqueness in the compact case.
Umbilical Hernia Repair in Patients with Cirrhosis and in Patients with Severe Comorbidities—A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Snitkjær Christian , Christoffersen Mette W. , Gluud Lise Lotte , Kimer Nina , Helgstrand Frederik , Jensen Kristian Kiim , Henriksen Nadia A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionUmbilical hernia is a frequent condition in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risks associated with umbilical hernia repair in patients with cirrhosis in the elective and emergency setting. Secondly, to compare patients with cirrhosis with a population of patients with equally severe comorbidities but without cirrhosis.MethodsPatients with cirrhosis who underwent umbilical hernia repair from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2018, were included from the Danish Hernia Database. A control group of patients with a similar Charlson score (≥ 3) without cirrhosis was generated using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was postoperative re‐intervention within 30 days following hernia repair. Secondary outcomes were mortality within 90 days and readmission within 30 days following hernia repair.ResultsA total of 252 patients with cirrhosis and 504 controls were included. Emergency repair in patients with cirrhosis was associated with a significantly increased rate of re‐intervention (54/108 (50%) vs. 24/144 (16.7%), P < 0.001), 30‐day readmission rate (50/108 (46.3%) compared with elective repair vs. 36/144 (25%) (P < 0.0001)), and 90‐day mortality (18/108 (16.7%) vs. 5/144 (3.5%), P < 0.001). Patients with cirrhosis were more likely to undergo a postoperative re‐intervention compared with comorbid patients without cirrhosis (OR = 2.10; 95% CI [1.45–3.03]).ConclusionPatients with cirrhosis and other severe comorbidity undergo emergency umbilical hernia repair frequently. Emergency repair is associated with increased risk of poor outcome. Patients with cirrhosis undergo a postoperative reintervention more frequently than patients with other severe comorbidity undergoing umbilical hernia repair.
Comparative Analysis of Rhizosphere and Endophytic Microbial Communities Between Root Rot and Healthy Root of Psammosilene tunicoides
Authors: Yang Wen. T. , Li Guo. D. , Li Jun. N. , Yang Cheng. F. , Zhang Xiao. M. , Zhang Ai. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe wild resources of Psammosilene tunicoides have decreased sharply because of the long-term mining and excavation, which has led to the increased demand for its artificial cultivation. However, root rot represents a significant obstacle leading to a poor quality and product of P. tunicoides. Previous reports have not focused on root rot in P. tunicoides. Therefore, this study explores the rhizospheric and root endophytic microbial community structure and composition of healthy and root rot P. tunicoides to understand the mechanism underlying root rot. The properties of the rhizosphere soil were assessed using physiochemical methods, and the bacterial and fungal populations were studied through amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and ITS regions in the root and soil. Compared to healthy samples, the pH, hydrolysis N, available P, and available K were significantly decreased in the diseased samples while the organic matter and total organic carbon were significantly increased in the diseased samples. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil environmental factors are related to changes in the root and rhizosphere soil microbial community of P. tunicoides indicating that the physiochemical properties of soil affect plant health. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the microbial communities of healthy and diseased samples were similar. Some bacterial and fungal genera were significantly increased or decreased (P < 0.05) in diseased P. tunicoides, and certain microbial factors that antagonized root rot were further explored. This study provides an abundant microbial resource for future studies and contributes to improving soil quality and P. tunicoides agricultural production.
Galectin-3 shapes toxic alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: García-Revilla Juan , Boza-Serrano Antonio , Jin Yiyun , Vadukul Devkee M. , Soldán-Hidalgo Jesús , Camprubí-Ferrer Lluís , García-Cruzado Marta , Martinsson Isak , Klementieva Oxana , Ruiz Rocío , Aprile Francesco A. , Deierborg Tomas , Venero José Luis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractParkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disorder characterised by intracytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies (LB) and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Aggregated α-synuclein (αSYN) is known to be the main component of the LB. It has also been reported to interact with several proteins and organelles. Galectin-3 (GAL3) is known to have a detrimental function in neurodegenerative diseases. It is a galactose-binding protein without known catalytic activity and is expressed mainly by activated microglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). GAL3 has been previously found in the outer layer of the LB in post-mortem brains. However, the role of GAL3 in PD is yet to be elucidated. In post-mortem samples, we identified an association between GAL3 and LB in all the PD subjects studied. GAL3 was linked to less αSYN in the LB outer layer and other αSYN deposits, including pale bodies. GAL3 was also associated with disrupted lysosomes. In vitro studies demonstrate that exogenous recombinant Gal3 is internalised by neuronal cell lines and primary neurons where it interacts with endogenous αSyn fibrils. In addition, aggregation experiments show that Gal3 affects spatial propagation and the stability of pre-formed αSyn fibrils resulting in short, amorphous toxic strains. To further investigate these observations in vivo, we take advantage of WT and Gal3KO mice subjected to intranigral injection of adenovirus overexpressing human αSyn as a PD model. In line with our in vitro studies, under these conditions, genetic deletion of GAL3 leads to increased intracellular αSyn accumulation within dopaminergic neurons and remarkably preserved dopaminergic integrity and motor function. Overall, our data suggest a prominent role for GAL3 in the aggregation process of αSYN and LB formation, leading to the production of short species to the detriment of larger strains which triggers neuronal degeneration in a mouse model of PD.
Identifying large vessel occlusion at first glance in telemedicine
Authors: Schröter Nils , Weiller Antonia , Rijntjes Michel , Harloff Andreas , Urbach Horst , Kukolja Juraj , Bardutzky Jürgen , Weiller Cornelius , Beume Lena-Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Telemedicine has rapidly emerged as an important tool in emergency neurology. In particular, reliable biomarkers of large vessel occlusions (LVOs) are critically necessary in order to identify the need for in-hospital mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Based on pathophysiological factors, we propose that the presence of head and/or gaze deviation alone signifies cortical hypoperfusion and is therefore a highly sensitive marker for the presence of LVO.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 160 patients, examined via telemedicine and suspected to have had an acute stroke; this included patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and stroke mimics. An assessment of head and gaze deviation and NIHSS score evaluation was performed. In a second analysis, patients who only had ischemia in the anterior circulation (n = 110) were evaluated.

Results
Head and/or gaze deviation alone was found to be a reliable marker of LVO (sensitivity: 0.66/specificity: 0.92), as well as a sound indicator for MT (0.82/0.91), in patients with suspected ischemic stroke. The performance of this indicator further improved when patients with ischemia in the anterior circulation only were assessed (LVO: 0.70/0.93; MT: 0.86/0.90). In both analyses, head and/or gaze deviation served as a better indicator for LVO or MT compared to the prevalence of motor deficits or aphasia. Of note, in patients who had ischemia in the anterior circulation, head and/or gaze deviation performed better than the NIHSS score as an indicator for MT.

Conclusion
These findings confirm that the presence of head and/or gaze deviation serves as a reliable biomarker in stroke-based telemedicine for the diagnosis of LVO, as well as a strong indicator for MT. Furthermore, this marker is just as reliable as the NIHSS score but easier to assess. We therefore suggest that any stroke patient who displays head and/or gaze deviation should immediately be scheduled for vessel imaging and subsequently transported to a MT-competent center.
Carbohydrate, but not fat, oxidation is reduced during moderate-intensity exercise performed in 33 vs. 18 °C at matched heart rates
Authors: Charoensap Thanchanok , Kilding Andrew E. , Maunder Ed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Exposure to environmental heat stress increases carbohydrate oxidation and extracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) concentrations during endurance exercise at matched absolute, external work rates. However, a reduction in absolute work rate typically occurs when unacclimated endurance athletes train and/or compete in hot environments. We sought to determine the effect of environmental heat stress on carbohydrate oxidation rates and plasma HSP70 expression during exercise at matched heart rates (HR).

Methods
Ten endurance-trained, male cyclists performed two experimental trials in an acute, randomised, counterbalanced cross-over design. Each trial involved a 90-min bout of cycling exercise at 95% of the HR associated with the first ventilatory threshold in either 18 (TEMP) or 33 °C (HEAT), with ~ 60% relative humidity.

Results
Mean power output (17 ± 11%, P < 0.001) and whole-body energy expenditure (14 ± 8%, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in HEAT. Whole-body carbohydrate oxidation rates were significantly lower in HEAT (19 ± 11%, P = 0.002), while fat oxidation rates were not different between-trials. The heat stress-induced reduction in carbohydrate oxidation was associated with the observed reduction in power output (r = 0.64, 95% CI, 0.01, 0.91, P = 0.05) and augmented sweat rates (r = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.49, 0.96, P = 0.002). Plasma HSP70 and adrenaline concentrations were not increased with exercise in either environment.

Conclusion
These data contribute to our understanding of how moderate environmental heat stress is likely to influence substrate oxidation and plasma HSP70 expression in an ecologically-valid model of endurance exercise.