bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the endotheliopathy, innate-immune activation and hemostatic imbalance underlying CAR-T cell toxicities: laboratory tools for an early and differential diagnosis
Authors: Moreno-Castaño Ana Belen , Fernández Sara , Ventosa Helena , Palomo Marta , Martinez-Sanchez Julia , Ramos Alex , Ortiz-Maldonado Valentín , Delgado Julio , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Urbano-Ispizua Alvaro , Penack Olaf , Nicolás J M , Téllez Adrian , Escolar Gines , Carreras Enric , Fernández-Avilés Francesc , Castro Pedro , Diaz-Ricart Maribel 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based immunotherapy constitutes a revolutionary advance for treatment of relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, cytokine release and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndromes are life-threatening toxicities in which the endothelium could be a pathophysiological substrate. Furthermore, differential diagnosis from sepsis, highly incident in these patients, is challenging. Suitable laboratory tools could be determinant for their appropriate management.MethodsSixty-two patients treated with CAR-T cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies (n=46 with CD19-positive diseases, n=16 with multiple myeloma) were included. Plasma samples were obtained: before CAR-T cell infusion (baseline); after 24–48 hours; at suspicion of any toxicity onset and 24–48 hours after immunomodulatory treatment. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFRI), thrombomodulin (TM), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 factor (ST2), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2)), innate immunity activation (neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9)) and hemostasis/fibrinolysis (von Willebrand Factor antigen (VWF:Ag), ADAMTS-13 (A13), α2-antiplasmin (α2-AP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1 Ag)) were measured and compared with those in cohorts of patients with sepsis and healthy donors.ResultsPatients who developed CAR-T cell toxicities presented increased levels of sVCAM-1, sTNFRI and ST2 at the clinical onset versus postinfusion values. Twenty-four hours after infusion, ST2 levels were good predictors of any CAR-T cell toxicity, and combination of ST2, Ang-2 and NETs differentiated patients requiring intensive care unit admission from those with milder clinical presentations. Association of Ang-2, NETs, sC5b-9, VWF:Ag and PAI-1 Ag showed excellent discrimination between severe CAR-T cell toxicities and sepsis.ConclusionsThis study provides relevant contributions to the current knowledge of the CAR-T cell toxicities pathophysiology. Markers of endotheliopathy, innate immunity activation and hemostatic imbalance appear as potential laboratory tools for their prediction, severity and differential diagnosis.
Understanding the burden of injury in children from conflict: an analysis of radiological imaging from a Role 3 hospital in Afghanistan in 2011
Authors: Sargent Will , Mahoney P , Clasper J , Bull A , Reavley P , Gibb I 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThere is a need for quality medical care for children injured in conflict, but a description of injuries and injury burden from blast and ballistic mechanisms is lacking. The radiology records of children imaged during the war in Afghanistan represent a valuable source of information about the patterns of paediatric conflict injuries.MethodsThe UK military radiological database was searched for all paediatric presentations to Camp Bastion during 2011. Reports and original images were reviewed to determine location and severity of injuries sustained. Additional information was obtained from imaging request forms and the Joint Theatre Trauma Register, a database of those treated at UK medical facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan.ResultsRadiology was available for 219 children. 71% underwent CT scanning. 46% suffered blast injury, 22% gunshot wounds (GSWs), and 32% disease and non-battle injuries (DNBIs). 3% had penetrating head injury, 11% penetrating abdominal trauma and 8% lower limb amputation, rates far exceeding those found in civilian practice. Compared with those with DNBI, those with blast or GSW were more likely to have serious (Abbreviated Injury Score, AIS, ≥3) injuries (median no. AIS ≥3 injuries were 1 for blast, 1 for GSW and 0 for DNBI, p<0.05) and children exposed to blast were more likely to have multiple body regions with serious injuries (OR for multiple AIS ≥3 injuries for blast vs DNBI=5.811 CI [1.877 to 17.993], p<0.05).ConclusionsPaediatric conflict injuries are severe, and clinicians used only to civilian practice may be unprepared for the nature and severity of injuries inflicted on children in conflict. Whole-body CT for those with conflict-related injuries, especially blast, is hugely valuable. We recommend that CT is used for paediatric assessment in blast and ballistic incidents and that national imaging guidelines amend the threshold for doing so.
Minor injury turns into major problem in severe acute kidney injury: a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Ahmed Nasim , Kuo Yen-Hong , Mathew Roy O , Asif Arif 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveSevere acute kidney injury (sAKI) has been associated with a higher mortality in trauma patients, and severity of trauma often correlates with risk of sAKI. Whether minor to moderate trauma is associated with sAKI is less clear. The purpose of the study was to examine the outcomes of minor to moderate trauma patients who developed sAKI.MethodsThe National Trauma Database participant use files of 2017 and 2018 were accessed for the study. All patients aged 18 years old and above who sustained an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of <16 and who were brought to a level I or level II trauma center were included in the study. sAKI was defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function either three times increase in serum creatinine (SCr) level from the baseline or increase in SCr to ≥4.0 mg/dL (≥353.6 µmol/L), initiation of renal replacement therapy, or anuria for ≥12 hours. Propensity matching analysis was performed between the groups who developed sAKI and without sAKI. Outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 655 872 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria with complete information, of which 1896 patients were found to have sAKI. There were significant differences between the two groups on baseline characteristics. The propensity score matching eliminated all the differences and created 1896 pairs of patients. The median hospital length of stay was longer in patients with sAKI when compared with patients who did not develop sAKI (14 (13 to 15) vs. 5 (5 to 5), days p<0.001) . The overall in-hospital mortality was 20.6% in patients with sAKI compared with 2.1% without sAKI (p<0.001).ConclusionThe occurrence of sAKI in minor to moderate trauma patients was less than 0.5%. There was a three times longer hospital stay in patients with sAKI and 10-fold increase in mortality when compared with patients who did not develop sAKI.Level of evidenceIV.Study typeObservational cohort study.
A viable $$A_4$$ 3HDM theory of quark mass matrices
Authors: Brée Iris , Carrôlo Sérgio , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is known that a three Higgs doublet model (3HDM) symmetric under an exact $$A_4$$

A
4

symmetry is not compatible with nonzero quark masses and/or non-block-diagonal CKM matrix. We show that a 3HDM with softly broken $$A_4$$

A
4

terms in the scalar potential does allow for a fit of quark mass matrices. Moreover, the result is consistent with $$m_h=125\,\text {GeV}$$

m
h

=
125

GeV

and the $$h \rightarrow WW,ZZ$$

h
→
W
W
,
Z
Z

signal. We also checked numerically that, for each point that passes all the constraints, the minimum is a global minimum of the potential.
Contrast‐Enhanced Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging With a Manganese‐Based Alternative to Gadolinium for Tissue Characterization of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bonner Benjamin P. , Yurista Salva R. , Coll‐Font Jaume , Chen Shi , Eder Robert A. , Foster Anna N. , Nguyen Khoi D. , Caravan Peter , Gale Eric M. , Nguyen Christopher 
Published: April 2023

Background
Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is an effective and reproducible method for characterizing myocardial infarction. However, gadolinium‐based contrast agents are contraindicated in patients with acute and chronic renal insufficiency. In addition, several recent studies have noted tissue deposition of free gadolinium in patients who have undergone serial contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. There is a clinical need for alternative forms of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents that are acceptable in the setting of renal insufficiency.

Methods and Results
Three days after 80 minutes of ischemia/reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess myocardial lesion burden using both contrast agents. Late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was examined 10 and 15 minutes after contrast injection. Contrast agents were administered in alternating manner with a 2‐ to 3‐hour washout period between contrast agent injections. Lesion evaluation and image processing were performed using Segment Medviso software. Mean infarct size and transmurality, measured using RVP‐001, were not different compared with those measured using late gadolinium enhancement images. Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated a nominal bias of 0.13 mL (<1% of average total lesion volume) for RVP‐001 in terms of gross infarct size measurement.

Conclusions
The experimental manganese‐based contrast agent RVP‐001 appears to be an effective agent for assessment of myocardial infarction location, size, and transmurality, and it may be useful as an alternative to gadolinium‐based agents.
Frailty and Recurrent Hospitalization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Strange Jarl Emanuel , Christensen Daniel Mølager , Sindet‐Pedersen Caroline , Schou Morten , Falkentoft Alexander Christian , Østergaard Lauge , Butt Jawad Haider , Graversen Peter Laursen , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup 
Published: April 2023

Background
For frail patients with limited life expectancy, time in hospital following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an important measure of quality of life; however, data remain scarce. Thus, we aimed to investigate frailty and its relation to time in hospital during the first year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Methods and Results
From 2008 to 2020, all Danish patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement and were alive at discharge were included. Using the validated Hospital Frailty Risk Score, patients were categorized in the low, intermediate, and high frailty groups. Time in hospital and mortality up to 1 year are reported according to frailty groups. In total, 3437 (57.6%), 2277 (38.1%), and 257 (4.3%) were categorized in the low, intermediate, and high frailty groups, respectively. Median age was ≈81 years. Female sex and comorbidity burden were incrementally higher across frailty groups (low frailty: heart failure, 24.1%; stroke, 7.2%; and chronic kidney disease, 4.5%; versus high frailty: heart failure, 42.8%; stroke, 34.2%; and chronic kidney disease, 29.2%).
In the low frailty group, 50.5% survived 1 year without a hospital admission, 10.8% were hospitalized >15 days, and 5.8% of patients died. By contrast, 26.1% of patients in the high frailty group survived 1 year without a hospital admission, 26.4% were hospitalized >15 days, and 15.6% died within 1 year. Differences persisted in models adjusted for sex, age, frailty, and comorbidity burden (excluding overlapping comorbidities).

Conclusions
Among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, frailty is strongly associated with time in hospital and mortality. Prevention strategies for frail patients to reduce hospitalization burden could be beneficial.
The 1769 Transit of Venus as a Springboard for Jesuit Ministries among the Learned
Authors: Aspaas Per Pippin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article examines how two Jesuit astronomers made use of a rare celestial phenomenon in attempts at winning the favor of intellectual and ruling élites outside of Catholic regions. The Heidelberg professor Christian Mayer (1719–83) went to Saint Petersburg, where he observed the transit of Venus in 1769 from the observatory of the prestigious Imperial Academy of Sciences. The imperial and royal astronomer of Vienna, Maximilian Hell (1720–92) went to Vardø in northeastern Norway, where he built a small observatory and successfully observed the same transit. The scientific works they published under the auspices of the leading scientific academies in Orthodox Russia and Lutheran Denmark–Norway are analyzed as examples of missionary texts, in an enlarged sense of the word.
Humility and Laziness: The Two Faces of the Poor in Paraguay’s Early Modern Jesuit Missions?
Authors: Orantin Mickaël 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Early modern European monarchies responded to structural poverty with a series of welfare programs while also implementing repressive measures against the poor. Perceived during the late Middle Ages as virtuous Christians accepting their fate with humility, the poor of the early modern period were accused of vagrancy and immoral laziness, thus posing a threat to the social order. In contrast, in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century chronicles of the Jesuit missions of Paraguay, hardly any mention is made of the material deprivation of Indians. A catechism of work in Guaraní intended to moralize the Indians’ labor, however, reveals that poverty was at the core of the missionaries’ concerns. Through an analysis of the Guaraní lexicon in connection with poverty, this article demonstrates that destitution in the missions was a daily problem. The article also shows how the term poriahu, glossing the word “poor,” covered only part of the meaning of the same word in Europe, where it had positive connotations, having been passed down by medieval tradition. In parallel, stigmatizing representations of the “bad pauper” were set apart and constructed around particular glosses, such as that of “vagrant” or “lazy.” This separation allowed for the development of an assistance policy that responded to the needs of all missionary Indians and was indispensable for the sustainability of the missions.
Jesuit Konstantinas Širvydas (Konstanty Szyrwid) and the Origins of Lithuanian Linguistics and Homiletics
Authors: Rutkowska Krystyna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Konstantinas Širvydas (Sirvydas, Szyrwid; c.1580–1631), a Jesuit of great merit to Lithuanian and Polish culture, little known outside his homeland, undertook and accomplished various important tasks that the Jesuits of the Lithuanian province set themselves from the very beginning of the establishment of the Vilnius Academy. Among them was the publication of the first Polish–Latin–Lithuanian dictionary (1620) and the first compilation of original sermons in Lithuanian and Polish: Punkty kazań/ Punktai sakymų (Points for sermons) (1629, 1644). The former served the purpose of teaching Lithuanian grammar and language, the latter laid down guidelines for Lithuanian priests on how to deliver sermons. He was also one of the first Jesuit lecturers in Scripture, a dedicated course initiated by theology professors at the Vilnius Academy. Some of his lectures were made available by his student, Adam Pęski (1592–1629) in a little-known notebook. This article analyzes Pęski’s notebook as an important insight into the origins of teaching Scripture at Jesuit universities.
Development Towards Maturity
Authors: Kock Jos de 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article is the first of two centring around the theme of desired outcomes of youth ministry practices, which are often embedded in a certain conception of spiritual maturity. The review study which forms the basis for these two articles aims to construct a theoretical framework on desired outcomes in youth ministry on the basis of a systematic literature review of scholarly works in peer-reviewed journals regarding the subject published from 1996 up to 2021. The wide range of outcomes as observed in the literature is classified by describing three areas of youth ministry goals: the areas of spiritual development, personal development and social development. Current, first, article accounts for the particularities of the research design of the review study and presents the outcomes found in the literature within the particular area of spiritual development. The review study as a whole and this particular article contribute to a broader academic area of interest in how to envision or define spiritual maturity, particularly Christian maturity, and what this means for formational practices such as youth ministry.
Development Towards Maturity
Authors: Kock Jos de 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article is the second of two centring around the theme of desired outcomes of youth ministry practices, which are often embedded in a certain conception of spiritual maturity. The review study which forms the basis for these two articles aims to construct a theoretical framework on desired outcomes in youth ministry on the basis of a systematic literature review of scholarly works in peer-reviewed journals regarding the subject published from 1996 up to 2021. The wide range of outcomes as observed in the literature is classified by describing three areas of youth ministry goals: the areas of spiritual development, personal development and social development. Current, second article describes the outcomes found in the literature within the particular areas of personal development and social development. In addition, the question is addressed how youth ministry goals in the area of spiritual development, as presented in the first article, conceptually may relate to these in the areas of personal and social development. The article finishes with the discussion of the results of the whole review study and suggests core questions for further research.
Theological Reflection in Adolescent Faith Formation
Authors: Garcia Fernando 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Christians are increasingly choosing to leave the church during the period of young adulthood. This trend suggests that there are shortcomings in our practices of religious education and faith formation. Here I propose that the practice of theological reflection is a method that can be employed to address some of these shortcomings. The article connects trends of religious disaffiliation with psychological theories of identity formation and self-determination that shed light on the internal changes leading young people away from religion. Theological reflection, the process of examining one’s experience through the lens of religious teachings, is a common practice in the formation of Church ministers and has potential to also benefit the faith formation of adolescents. With consideration of the psychological patterns related to disaffiliation, I demonstrate ways that theological reflection can foster a Christian identity in students that has an enduring impact on the lives of adolescents and young adults.
Non-Committed Consumers or Theologically Engaged Ecumenists? Thinking Differently About Church Membership for Young People
Authors: Turner Victoria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Research about the faith of young people (by which I mean Millennials and Generation Z) has suggested that they are increasingly non-denominational or denominationally fluid, with a method of choosing churches that is in line with neo-capitalist consumerism. This has created a focus of completely reimagining the church to appeal to young people. This paper, by tracing the historical interdenominational and ecumenical student movements, explains that young people tend to understand their denominational identity differently depending on their evangelical or theologically liberal/progressive stance. Yet neither stream alligns to this reductive post-denominational rhetoric that removes ecumenical and theological sophistication from young people. By using the case study of the United Reformed Church Youth (thereafter urc Youth), which consists of a broadly theological and politically liberal group of 14–26-year-olds, I argue that young people are ecumenically aware and value being integrated into larger denominational structures.
Non Attending Young People: Bridging the Gap for a More Inclusive Church
Authors: Floridia David Callaby 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The decline in numbers of young people in a once vibrant local parish prompted the same Church authorities to reach out to discover how it could render itself more relevant. It is the purpose of this paper to discover what matters to the young in their spiritual lives, to respond with a relevant young people provision. Semi-structured in-depth online interviews were held with six young people. The study informs the readers that young people have become disenchanted from religion despite their catholic upbringing and how young people have turned to their own ways of dealing with the current culture. The study suggests for the church to provide a safer environment, and a more modern approach for young people to learn about the faith. The study will suggest further pathways for dialogue with non-attending young people in a local parish.
Sayyid Aḥmad Dihlavī (1846–1918) on “The Initial, Intermediate, and Final Language of Mankind” (1908)
Authors: Hakala Walter N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sayyid Aḥmad Dihlavī’s (1846–1918) essay, “The Initial, Intermediate, and Final Language of Mankind,” was first published as a pamphlet in 1895 and again in 1900. It would subsequently be included in the introduction of his celebrated four-volume Urdu dictionary, the Farhang-e Āṣifiyah (published in 1908, with a second edition appearing in 1918). In this idiosyncratic and rambling treatise, the author attempts to advance a universal history of language by introducing a theory of the origin and development of language. He concludes with a discussion of the state of the Urdu language in British India by drawing comparisons with the linguistic situations of the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies. Though he bemoans its low status, the unnecessary influx of English terms, and lack of official state support, he concludes by praising the Niz̤ām of Hyderabad for his patronage of the Urdu language.