bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-situ formation of Ag nanoparticles in the MAO coating during the processing of cp-Ti
Authors: Maj Ł. , Fogarassy Z. , Wojtas D. , Jarzębska A. , Muhaffel F. , Sulyok A. , Góral A. , Kulczyk M. , Çimenoğlu H. , Bieda M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) containing antibacterial micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings have already been synthesized over titanium-based materials via the MAO process employed in silver acetate (AgC2H3O2) containing electrolyte. However, the way of incorporation and in-situ formation of Ag-NPs within the MAO coating have not been documented yet. Present work was initiated to reveal the mechanism of Ag-NP formation within the MAO coatings. Thus, the structure of the MAO coating fabricated on commercial purity titanium in the AgC2H3O2-containing electrolyte was investigated by electron microscopy techniques. To this end, the cross-sectional high-resolution electron microscopy studies were carried out on lamella cut out with the focused ion beam technique, and these investigations were backed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of chemical composition on the surface of the MAO coating. These studies revealed that Ag is dispersed in the form of nanoparticles throughout the coating and that a higher density was confirmed closer to the micro-pores.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and survival between symptomatic and asymptomatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Cho Seomin , Kim Haejung , Oh Young Lyun , Hahn Soo Yeon , Kim Tae Hyuk , Shin Jung Hee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a fatal form of thyroid cancer with an overall survival of only a few months, there are some factors associated with longer survival. However, it remains unknown whether asymptomatic ATC differs from symptomatic ATC in terms of characteristics and overall prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to examine the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of asymptomatic ATC compared with those of symptomatic ATC. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 113 patients with ATC who were registered at our institution between November 1994 and July 2020. A total of 86 patients (59 women and 27 men; mean age, 66.9 ± 11.1 years) were enrolled for analysis. The clinicopathological characteristics of the ATC cohort were evaluated, and prognostic factors associated with disease-specific mortality were assessed. Of the 86 patients with ATC, 78 were symptomatic and eight were asymptomatic. Compared with the symptomatic group, the asymptomatic group had a younger age at diagnosis (59.3 ± 10.3 vs. 67.7 ± 11.0 years, p = 0.045), smaller tumor size (2.8 ± 1.2 vs. 5.8 ± 2.0 cm, p < 0.001), and longer survival period (37.5 ± 46.4, 9.5 ± 16.8 months, p < 0.001). However, the ATC component (%) of the tumor, sex, ultrasonographic risk category, and distant metastasis at diagnosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, asymptomatic ATC (HR: 0.33, 95% CI 0.11–0.99, p = 0.045) and absence of distant metastasis (hazard ratio (HR): 0.56, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.88, p = 0.012) were associated with longer survival. Patients with asymptomatic ATC have a smaller tumor size, a longer survival period, and a younger age than those with symptomatic ATC. Being asymptomatic and having no distant metastasis were associated with longer survival in patients with ATC in a clinical setting.
Accurate holographic light potentials using pixel crosstalk modelling
Authors: Schroff Paul , La Rooij Arthur , Haller Elmar , Kuhr Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArbitrary light potentials have proven to be a valuable and versatile tool in many quantum information and quantum simulation experiments with ultracold atoms. Using a phase-modulating spatial light modulator (SLM), we generate arbitrary light potentials holographically with measured efficiencies between 15 and 40% and an accuracy of $$<2\%$$

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root-mean-squared error. Key to the high accuracy is the modelling of pixel crosstalk of the SLM on a sub-pixel scale which is relevant especially for large light potentials. We employ conjugate gradient minimisation to calculate the SLM phase pattern for a given target light potential after measuring the intensity and wavefront at the SLM. Further, we use camera feedback to reduce experimental errors, we remove optical vortices and investigate the difference between the angular spectrum method and the Fourier transform to simulate the propagation of light. Using a combination of all these techniques, we achieved more accurate and efficient light potentials compared to previous studies, and generated a series of potentials relevant for cold atom experiments.
Whole genome sequence-based characterisation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from game meat originating from several European countries
Authors: Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena , Treier Andrea , Stevens Marc J. A. , Stephan Roger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGame meat is becoming increasingly popular but may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria such as Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). STEC cause gastrointestinal illnesses including diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis (HC), and the haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of STEC in 92 meat samples from chamois (n = 2), red deer (n = 27), roe deer (n = 38), and wild boar (n = 25), from Switzerland and other European countries. After enrichment, Shiga-toxin encoding genes (stx) were detected by PCR in 78 (84%) of the samples and STEC were isolated from 23 (25%) of the same samples. Nine different serotypes and eight different sequence types (STs) were found, with O146:H28 ST738 (n = 10) and O110:H31 ST812 (n = 5) predominating. None of the STEC belonged to the so-called top-five serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157. Subtyping ofstxidentifiedstx1c(n = 9),stx2a(n = 1),stx2b(n = 19),stx2e(n = 2), andstx2g(n = 1). Additional virulence factors (VFs) comprisedehx(n = 12),iha(n = 21),sta1(n = 1), andsubAB(n = 19). None of the isolates contained theeaegene. Twenty-one STEC contained VFs associated with extra-intestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). Overall, the pathogenic potential of STEC in game meat is moderate, though the isolation of one STEC strain carryingstx2a, and of STEC/ExPEC hybrids suggests a role of game meat as a potential source of STEC infections in humans. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the safe handling and preparation of game meat is needed to prevent foodborne infections.
Development and validation of a cynomolgus macaque grimace scale for acute pain assessment
Authors: Paterson Emilie A. , O’Malley Carly I. , Moody Carly , Vogel Susan , Authier Simon , Turner Patricia V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCynomolgus macaques may undergo surgical procedures for scientific and veterinary purposes. Recognition and assessment of pain using validated tools is a necessary first step for adequately managing pain in these primates. Grimace scales are one means of assessing the occurance of acute pain using action units such as facial expressions and posture. The aim of this study was to create and validate a Cynomolgus Macaque Grimace Scale (CMGS). Cynomolgus macaques (n = 43) were video recorded before and after a surgical procedure. Images were extracted from videos at timepoints at which breakthrough pain might be expected based on analgesic pharmacokinetics. Using the CMGS images were scored by 12 observers blinded to animal identification, times, and conditions. To validate the tool, detailed behavioral analyses emphasizing changes to baseline activity ethograms were compared to grimace scores. Four action units were identified related to potential pain including orbital tightening, brow lowering, cheek tightening, and hunched posture. The CMGS tool was found to have moderate inter- (ICCaverage action unit mean ± SD: 0.67 ± 0.28) and good intra- (ICCsingle mean ± SD: 0.79 ± 0.14) observer reliability. Grimace scores increased significantly (p < 0.0001) in the first four post-operative timepoints compared to baseline, correlating with behavioral findings (rho range = 0.22–0.35, p < 0.001). An analgesic intervention threshold was determined and should be considered when providing additional pain relief. The CMGS was shown to be a reliable and valid tool; however, more research is needed to confirm external validity. This tool will be highly valuable for refining analgesic protocols and acute peri-procedural care for cynomolgus macaques.
A millimeter-wave automotive radar with high angular resolution for identification of closely spaced on-road obstacles
Authors: Sun Ran , Suzuki Kouhei , Owada Yuri , Takeda Shigeki , Umehira Masahiro , Wang Xiaoyan , Kuroda Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrequency-modulated continuous wave radar techniques typically have inadequate angular resolutions due to the limited aperture sizes of antenna arrays in spite of employing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. Therefore, despite the existence of multiple objects, angularly close objects with similar distances and relative velocities are recognized as one single object. Autonomous driving requires the accurate recognition of road conditions. This requirement is one of the critical issues to be solved to distinguish significantly close objects. This paper proposes a technique referred to as an antenna element space pseudo-peak suppressing (APPS) method to resolve angularly close targets. The proposed APPS method aims to identify closely spaced objects on roads. These angularly close targets cause a single peak in a spatial spectrum obtained by a beamformer-based angle estimation. The APPS considers this single peak as pseudo. The APPS radar cancels this pseudo peak from the spatial spectrum. Then, the obtained residual received signal is analyzed. With these procedures, the APPS identifies the number of targets. The APPS also estimates the target angles. The proposed APPS is experimentally validated using a typical single-chip MIMO-based radar evaluation board with three transmit (TX) and four receive (RX) antennas. The experimental results confirm that the proposed APPS successfully resolves angularly close pseudo targets with an angle difference of approximately $$0.5^\circ $$

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Paranormal believers show reduced resting EEG beta band oscillations and inhibitory control than skeptics
Authors: Narmashiri Abdolvahed , Hatami Javad , Khosrowabadi Reza , Sohrabi Ahmad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParanormal believers’ thinking is frequently biased by intuitive beliefs. Lack of inhibition of these tempting beliefs is considered a key element in paranormal believers’ thinking. However, the brain activity related to inhibitory control in paranormal believers is poorly understood. We examined EEG activities at resting state in alpha, beta, and gamma bands with inhibitory control in paranormal believers and skeptics. The present study shows that paranormal belief is related to the reduced power of the alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, and reduced inhibitory control. This study may contribute to understanding the differences between believers and skeptics in brain activity related to inhibitory control in paranormal believers.
Predicting tracheostomy in multiple injured patients with severe thoracic injury (AIS ≥ 3) with the new T3P-Score: a multivariable regression prediction analysis
Authors: Bläsius Felix M. , Wutzler Sebastian , Störmann Philipp , Lustenberger Thomas , Frink Michael , Maegele Marc , Weuster Matthias , Bayer Jörg , Horst Klemens , Caspers Michael , Seekamp Andreas , Marzi Ingo , Hildebrand Frank , Andruszkow Hagen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultiple trauma patients with severe chest trauma are at increased risk for tracheostomy. While the risk factors associated with the need for tracheostomy are well established in the general critical care population, they have not yet been validated in a cohort of patients suffering severe thoracic trauma. This retrospective cohort study analysed data on patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted to one of the six participating academic level I trauma centres with multiple injuries, including severe thoracic trauma (AISThorax ≥ 3) between 2010 and 2014. A multivariable binary regression was used to identify predictor variables for tracheostomy and to develop the Tracheostomy in Thoracic Trauma Prediction Score (T3P-Score). The study included 1019 adult thoracic trauma patients, of whom 165 underwent tracheostomy during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Prehospital endotracheal intubation (adjusted OR [AOR]: 2.494, 95% CI [1.412; 4.405]), diagnosis of pneumonia during the ICU stay (AOR: 4.374, 95% CI [2.503; 7.642]), duration of mechanical ventilation (AOR: 1.008/hours of intubation, 95% CI [1.006; 1.009]), and an AISHead ≥ 3 (AOR 1.840, 95% CI [1.039; 3.261]) were independent risk factors for tracheostomy. Patients with sepsis had a lower risk of tracheostomy than patients without sepsis (AOR 0.486, 95% CI [0.253; 0.935]). The T3P-Score had high predictive validity for tracheostomy (ROCAUC = 0.938, 95% CI [0.920, 0.956]; Nagelkerke’s R2was 0.601). The T3P-Score’s specificity was 0.68, and the sensitivity was 0.96. The severity of thoracic trauma did not predict the need for tracheostomy. Follow-up studies should validate the T3P-Score in external data sets and study the reasons for the reluctant use of tracheostomy in patients with severe thoracic trauma and subsequent sepsis.Trial registration:The study was applied for and registered a priori with the respective ethics committees.
Rewiring of the N-Glycome with prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance
Authors: Butler William , McDowell Colin , Yang Qing , He Yiping , Zhao Yue , Hauck J. Spencer , Zhou Yinglu , Zhang Hong , Armstrong Andrew J. , George Daniel J. , Drake Richard , Huang Jiaoti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn understanding of the molecular features associated with prostate cancer progression (PCa) and resistance to hormonal therapy is crucial for the identification of new targets that can be utilized to treat advanced disease and prolong patient survival. The glycome, which encompasses all sugar polymers (glycans) synthesized by cells, has remained relatively unexplored in the context of advanced PCa despite the fact that glycans have great potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets due to their high density on the cell surface. Using imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we profiled the N-linked glycans in tumor tissue derived from 131 patients representing the major disease states of PCa to identify glycosylation changes associated with loss of tumor cell differentiation, disease remission, therapy resistance and disease recurrence, as well as neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation which is a major mechanism for therapy failure. Our results indicate significant changes to the glycosylation patterns in various stages of PCa, notably a decrease in tri- and tetraantennary glycans correlating with disease remission, a subsequent increase in these structures with the transition to therapy-resistant PCa, and downregulation of complex N-glycans correlating with NE differentiation. Furthermore, both nonglucosylated and monoglucosylated mannose 9 demonstrate aberrant upregulation in therapy-resistant PCa which may be useful therapeutic targets as these structures are not normally presented in healthy tissue. Our findings characterize changes to the tumor glycome that occur with hormonal therapy and the development of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), identifying several glycan markers and signatures which may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Fungal parasitism on diatoms alters formation and bio–physical properties of sinking aggregates
Authors: Klawonn Isabell , Van den Wyngaert Silke , Iversen Morten H. , Walles Tim J. W. , Flintrop Clara M. , Cisternas-Novoa Carolina , Nejstgaard Jens C. , Kagami Maiko , Grossart Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhytoplankton forms the base of aquatic food webs and element cycling in diverse aquatic systems. The fate of phytoplankton-derived organic matter, however, often remains unresolved as it is controlled by complex, interlinked remineralization and sedimentation processes. We here investigate a rarely considered control mechanism on sinking organic matter fluxes: fungal parasites infecting phytoplankton. We demonstrate that bacterial colonization is promoted 3.5-fold on fungal-infected phytoplankton cells in comparison to non-infected cells in a cultured model pathosystem (diatom Synedra, fungal microparasite Zygophlyctis, and co-growing bacteria), and even ≥17-fold in field-sampled populations (Planktothrix, Synedra, and Fragilaria). Additional data obtained using the Synedra–Zygophlyctis model system reveals that fungal infections reduce the formation of aggregates. Moreover, carbon respiration is 2-fold higher and settling velocities are 11–48% lower for similar-sized fungal-infected vs. non-infected aggregates. Our data imply that parasites can effectively control the fate of phytoplankton-derived organic matter on a single-cell to single-aggregate scale, potentially enhancing remineralization and reducing sedimentation in freshwater and coastal systems.
Micro-mechanical fingerprints of the rat bladder change in actinic cystitis and tumor presence
Authors: Martinez-Vidal Laura , Chighizola M. , Berardi M. , Alchera E. , Locatelli I. , Pederzoli F. , Venegoni C. , Lucianò R. , Milani P. , Bielawski K. , Salonia A. , Podestà A. , Alfano M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTissue mechanics determines tissue homeostasis, disease development and progression. Bladder strongly relies on its mechanical properties to perform its physiological function, but these are poorly unveiled under normal and pathological conditions. Here we characterize the mechanical fingerprints at the micro-scale level of the three tissue layers which compose the healthy bladder wall, and identify modifications associated with the onset and progression of pathological conditions (i.e., actinic cystitis and bladder cancer). We use two indentation-based instruments (an Atomic Force Microscope and a nanoindenter) and compare the micromechanical maps with a comprehensive histological analysis. We find that the healthy bladder wall is a mechanically inhomogeneous tissue, with a gradient of increasing stiffness from the urothelium to the lamina propria, which gradually decreases when reaching the muscle outer layer. Stiffening in fibrotic tissues correlate with increased deposition of dense extracellular matrix in the lamina propria. An increase in tissue compliance is observed before the onset and invasion of the tumor. By providing high resolution micromechanical investigation of each tissue layer of the bladder, we depict the intrinsic mechanical heterogeneity of the layers of a healthy bladder as compared with the mechanical properties alterations associated with either actinic cystitis or bladder tumor.
Advancements in microfluidics for skin cosmetic screening
Authors: Hu Nianfang , Cheng Kerun , Zhang Shuhan , Liu Shan , Wang Lijun , Du Xiaoxin , Li Yong , Li Chenzhong 
Published: February 2023

Cosmetics can beautify the skin and assist the treatment of skin diseases. Some methods have been developed to replace animal experiments for cosmetic screening. The microfluidic skin chip is considered as a effective tool for in vitro tests.
Energy and power management system for microgrids of large‐scale building prosumers
Authors: Kyriakou Dimitra G. , Kanellos Fotios D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA method for optimal energy and power management of microgrids consisting of mega buildings, plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) and renewable energy sources (RES) with low computation requirements is proposed by the authors. Thermal and electrical loads are considered for the operation scheduling of the microgrid. In case of non‐interconnected operation of the microgrid with the main power grid, the proposed method allows the microgrid to meet the power demand by the buildings and distribution loads exploiting only the hosted PEVs, the integrated RES and, if it is necessary or financially optimal, building auxiliary diesel generators. The primary goal of the suggested algorithm is to significantly reduce the overall daily cost of the microgrid's operation while simultaneously meeting a wide range of constraints. The implementation of the method is based on the exploitation of a two‐level hierarchical multi‐agent system (MAS) at the level of the microgrid. Suitably defined flexibilities of the microgrid's components to change their power are used to implement optimal power dispatch to them. Detailed simulation results indicated that a remarkable cost reduction of 27% can be achieved.
Genetisches Risiko für Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Keller Maria , Böttcher Yvonne , Kovacs Peter 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGAdipositas ist eine komplexe Erkrankung, die sowohl genetischen wie auch nicht-genetischen Ursachen zugrunde liegt. Betrachtet man den BMI als einfaches Maß für die Fettleibigkeit, liegt die geschätzte Heritabilität sowohl bei Erwachsenen wie auch bei Kindern bei 0,7. Das Verständnis über die Rolle genetischer Faktoren bei polygener Adipositas bleibt eine der größten Herausforderungen. Obwohl kandidatengenbasierte sowie genomweite Kopplungsstudien mehrere Jahrzehnte dominierten, ermöglichen heute neue Technologien im Hochdurchsatz das Genotypisieren von Millionen genetischer Varianten, wodurch der Weg für genomweite Assoziationsstudien (GWAS) geebnet wurde. Diese stellen nach wie vor das effizienteste Werkzeug dar, um neue genetische Marker mit Assoziation zur Adipositas zu entdecken. Bis heute wurden so hunderte Polymorphismen im Zusammenhang mit der Fettleibigkeit identifiziert, darunter auch Varianten in Genen wie FTO, TMEM18 und MC4R. Obwohl viele dieser Gene auch mit der Fettleibigkeit im Kindesalter in Verbindung zu stehen scheinen, haben umgekehrt auch Studien in Kohorten von Kindern und Jugendlichen zur initialen Entdeckung weiterer mit Adipositas assoziierter Gene (z. B. OLFM4 und HOXB5) geführt. Auch wenn die komplette Entschlüsselung der Adipositas-Genetik nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung bleibt, könnte ein besseres Verständnis über das genetische Risiko in die klinische Praxis übertragen werden. So kann man basierend auf der Vielzahl bekannter genetischer Varianten sogenannte Polygenic Risk Scores nutzen, um Kinder und Jugendliche mit einem erhöhten Risiko für die Entwicklung einer Adipositas zu identifizieren, und so möglichst frühzeitig deren Manifestierung und damit verbunden Konsequenzen entgegenzuwirken.
Wachstumsstörungen – zu klein, zu groß oder doch normal?
Authors: Göpel Eric , Stein Robert , Gesing Julia , Stoltze Anette , Pfäffle Roland , Kiess Wieland 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKinder mit vermeintlichen Wachstumsstörungen werden häufig in Kinderarztpraxen vorgestellt. Zur Diagnosefindung sind Anamnese, körperliche Untersuchung und Beurteilung des Wachstumsverlaufs unabdingbar. Neben physiologischen Wachstumsformen, die die biologische Varianz in der Bevölkerung widerspiegeln, kommen einige Pathologien infrage. Pathologische Wachstumsstörungen sind vor allem über eine veränderte Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit mit Abweichen von den ursprünglichen Perzentilen definiert. Hier seien unter anderem ein sekundärer Kleinwuchs bei chronischer Erkrankung, syndromaler Kleinwuchs, Kleinwuchs nach intrauteriner Wachstumsverzögerung und Wachstumshormonmangel genannt. Die Diagnosestellung ist häufig nicht einfach und erfordert einige Verlaufskontrollen und/oder endokrinologische Stimulationstests. Die Wachstumshormontherapie wird nicht nur bei Wachstumshormonmangel, sondern auch bei anderen Erkrankungen eingesetzt, verlangt jedoch eine gewissenhafte Indikationsstellung.