bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Isotope Constraints on the Holocene Hydromagnesite Formation in Alkaline Lake Dujiali, Central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lin Yongjie , Knapp William J. , Li Weiqiang , Zheng Mianping , Ye Chuanyong , She Jiaxin , Xia Zhiguang , Power Ian M. , Zhao Yue , Tipper Edward T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydromagnesite is a common hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral found in alkaline lakes on Earth, potentially present on Mars, and is also a key mineral for carbon capture and storage. However, mechanisms governing its formation in alkaline lakes remain enigmatic. Extensive hydromagnesite formed during the Holocene in the alkaline Dujiali Lake (DL), central Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, making it an ideal field site to constrain the process of hydromagnesite formation in a modern environmental context. In this study, we report a set of magnesium isotope ratios ( expressed as δ26 Mg) data from DL on abiotic hydromagnesite (mean = −1.35‰ ± 0.14‰) modern lake waters (−0.07‰ to +0.46‰), and rivers and groundwater (−0.53‰ to −1.46‰). These differences in δ26 Mg (and also Mg/Ca) are most likely caused by low‐Mg carbonate precipitation, a process which fractionates Mg/Ca and values. A semi‐quantitative box model of the lake chemistry was developed based on carbonate equilibria to investigate the behavior of Mg isotopes during the evolution of the lake chemistry. The modeling results indicate that evaporation concentrates solutes in the lake driving saturation of multiple minerals. Aragonite reaches saturation before hydromagnesite, preferentially removing Ca relative to Mg via aragonite precipitation. This process elevates the Mg/Ca of the lake and the saturation index of hydromagnesite, increasing the likelihood of hydromagnesite formation. Given that the Mg/Ca ratio of many alkaline lakes is far below than that required for the formation of hydromagnesite, our findings suggest that low‐Mg carbonate precipitation may be a common precursor process for abiotic hydromagnesite precipitation in evaporative environments in addition to a high Mg source likely derived from ultramafic rocks.
Potential Evaporation and the Complementary Relationship
Authors: Tu Zhuoyi , Yang Yuting , Roderick Michael L. , McVicar Tim R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe complementary relationship (CR) provides a framework for estimating land surface evaporation with basic meteorological observations by acknowledging the relationship between actual evaporation, apparent potential evaporation and potential evaporation (Epo). As a key variable in the CR, Epo estimates by conventional models have a long‐standing problem in practical applications. That is, the meteorological forcings (i.e., radiation and temperature) employed in conventional Epo models are observed under actual conditions that are generally not saturated. Hence, conventional Epo models do not conform to the original definition of Epo (i.e., the evaporation that would occur with an unlimited water supply). Here, we estimate Epo using the maximum evaporation approach (Epo_max) that does follow the original Epo definition. We find that adopting Epo_max considerably reduces the asymmetry of the CR compared to when the conventional Priestley‐Taylor Epo is used. We then employ Epo_max and develop a new physically based, calibration‐free CR model, which shows an overall good performance in estimating actual evaporation in 705 catchments at the mean annual scale and 64 flux sites at monthly and mean annual scales (R2 ranges from 0.73 to 0.75 and root‐mean‐squared error ranges from 9.8 to 18.8 W m−2).Both the 705 catchments and 64 flux sites cover a wide range of climates. More importantly, the use of Epo_max leads to a new physical interpretation of the CR.
Faunal engineering stimulates landscape-scale accretion in southeastern US salt marshes
Authors: Crotty Sinéad M. , Pinton Daniele , Canestrelli Alberto , Fischman Hallie S. , Ortals Collin , Dahl Nicholas R. , Williams Sydney , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Angelini Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fate of coastal ecosystems depends on their ability to keep pace with sea-level rise—yet projections of accretion widely ignore effects of engineering fauna. Here, we quantify effects of the mussel, Geukensia demissa, on southeastern US saltmarsh accretion. Multi-season and -tidal stage surveys, in combination with field experiments, reveal that deposition is 2.8-10.7-times greater on mussel aggregations than any other marsh location. Our Delft-3D-BIVALVES model further predicts that mussels drive substantial changes to both the magnitude (±<0.1 cm·yr−1) and spatial patterning of accretion at marsh domain scales. We explore the validity of model predictions with a multi-year creekshed mussel manipulation of >200,000 mussels and find that this faunal engineer drives far greater changes to relative marsh accretion rates than predicted (±>0.4 cm·yr−1). Thus, we highlight an urgent need for empirical, experimental, and modeling work to resolve the importance of faunal engineers in directly and indirectly modifying the persistence of coastal ecosystems globally.
Genome-wide genotype-serum proteome mapping provides insights into the cross-ancestry differences in cardiometabolic disease susceptibility
Authors: Xu Fengzhe , Yu Evan Yi-Wen , Cai Xue , Yue Liang , Jing Li-peng , Liang Xinxiu , Fu Yuanqing , Miao Zelei , Yang Min , Shuai Menglei , Gou Wanglong , Xiao Congmei , Xue Zhangzhi , Xie Yuting , Li Sainan , Lu Sha , Shi Meiqi , Wang Xuhong , Hu Wensheng , Langenberg Claudia , Yang Jian , Chen Yu-ming , Guo Tiannan , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentification of protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) helps understand the underlying mechanisms of diseases and discover promising targets for pharmacological intervention. For most important class of drug targets, genetic evidence needs to be generalizable to diverse populations. Given that the majority of the previous studies were conducted in European ancestry populations, little is known about the protein-associated genetic variants in East Asians. Based on data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry technique, we conduct genome-wide association analyses for 304 unique proteins in 2,958 Han Chinese participants. We identify 195 genetic variant-protein associations. Colocalization and Mendelian randomization analyses highlight 60 gene-protein-phenotype associations, 45 of which (75%) have not been prioritized in Europeans previously. Further cross-ancestry analyses uncover key proteins that contributed to the differences in the obesity-induced diabetes and coronary artery disease susceptibility. These findings provide novel druggable proteins as well as a unique resource for the trans-ancestry evaluation of protein-targeted drug discovery.
Acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand management of acute disease
Authors: Xu Junhua , Cai Hongwei , Wu Zhuhao , Li Xiang , Tian Chunhui , Ao Zheng , Niu Vivian C. , Xiao Xiao , Jiang Lei , Khodoun Marat , Rothenberg Marc , Mackie Ken , Chen Jun , Lee Luke P. , Guo Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery provides convenient and pain-free self-administration for personalized therapy. However, challenges remain in treating acute diseases mainly due to their inability to timely administrate therapeutics and precisely regulate pharmacokinetics within a short time window. Here we report the development of active acoustic metamaterials-driven transdermal drug delivery for rapid and on-demand acute disease management. Through the integration of active acoustic metamaterials, a compact therapeutic patch is integrated for penetration of skin stratum corneum and active percutaneous transport of therapeutics with precise control of dose and rate over time. Moreover, the patch device quantitatively regulates the dosage and release kinetics of therapeutics and achieves better delivery performance in vivo than through subcutaneous injection. As a proof-of-concept application, we show our method can reverse life-threatening acute allergic reactions in a female mouse model of anaphylaxis via a multi-burst delivery of epinephrine, showing better efficacy than a fixed dosage injection of epinephrine, which is the current gold standard ‘self-injectable epinephrine’ strategy. This innovative method may provide a promising means to manage acute disease for personalized medicine.
Nsun2 coupling with RoRγt shapes the fate of Th17 cells and promotes colitis
Authors: Yang Wen-Lan , Qiu Weinan , Zhang Ting , Xu Kai , Gu Zi-Juan , Zhou Yu , Xu Heng-Ji , Yang Zhong-Zhou , Shen Bin , Zhao Yong-Liang , Zhou Qi , Yang Ying , Li Wei , Yang Peng-Yuan , Yang Yun-Gui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractT helper 17 (Th17) cells are a subset of CD4+ T helper cells involved in the inflammatory response in autoimmunity. Th17 cells secrete Th17 specific cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL17-F, which are governed by the master transcription factor RoRγt. However, the epigenetic mechanism regulating Th17 cell function is still not fully understood. Here, we reveal that deletion of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methyltransferase Nsun2 in mouse CD4+ T cells specifically inhibits Th17 cell differentiation and alleviates Th17 cell-induced colitis pathogenesis. Mechanistically, RoRγt can recruit Nsun2 to chromatin regions of their targets, including Il17a and Il17f, leading to the transcription-coupled m5C formation and consequently enhanced mRNA stability. Our study demonstrates a m5C mediated cell intrinsic function in Th17 cells and suggests Nsun2 as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune disease.
DddA homolog search and engineering expand sequence compatibility of mitochondrial base editing
Authors: Mi Li , Shi Ming , Li Yu-Xuan , Xie Gang , Rao Xichen , Wu Damu , Cheng Aimin , Niu Mengxiao , Xu Fengli , Yu Ying , Gao Ning , Wei Wensheng , Wang Xianhua , Wang Yangming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExpanding mitochondrial base editing tools with broad sequence compatibility is of high need for both research and therapeutic purposes. In this study, we identify a DddA homolog from Simiaoa sunii (Ddd_Ss) which can efficiently deaminate cytosine in DC context in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). We successfully develop Ddd_Ss-derived cytosine base editors (DdCBE_Ss) and introduce mutations at multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci including disease-associated mtDNA mutations in previously inaccessible GC context. Finally, by introducing a single amino acid substitution from Ddd_Ss, we successfully improve the activity and sequence compatibility of DdCBE derived from DddA of Burkholderia cenocepacia (DdCBE_Bc). Our study expands mtDNA editing tool boxes and provides resources for further screening and engineering dsDNA base editors for biological and therapeutic applications.
Pathophysiology, risk, diagnosis, and management of venous thrombosis in space: where are we now?
Authors: Harris Katie M. , Arya Roopen , Elias Antoine , Weber Tobias , Green David A. , Greaves Danielle K. , Petersen Lonnie G. , Roberts Lara , Kamine Tovy Haber , Mazzolai Lucia , Bergauer Andrej , Kim David S. , Olde Engberink Rik H. , zu Eulenberg Peter , Grassi Bruno , Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Baldassarre Giovanni , Tabury Kevin , Baatout Sarah , Jordan Jens , Blaber Andrew P. , Choukér Alexander , Russomano Thais , Goswami Nandu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent incidental discovery of an asymptomatic venous thrombosis (VT) in the internal jugular vein of an astronaut on the International Space Station prompted a necessary, immediate response from the space medicine community. The European Space Agency formed a topical team to review the pathophysiology, risk and clinical presentation of venous thrombosis and the evaluation of its prevention, diagnosis, mitigation, and management strategies in spaceflight. In this article, we discuss the findings of the ESA VT Topical Team over its 2-year term, report the key gaps as we see them in the above areas which are hindering understanding VT in space. We provide research recommendations in a stepwise manner that build upon existing resources, and highlight the initial steps required to enable further evaluation of this newly identified pertinent medical risk.
Unpriced climate risk and the potential consequences of overvaluation in US housing markets
Authors: Gourevitch Jesse D. , Kousky Carolyn , Liao Yanjun , Nolte Christoph , Pollack Adam B. , Porter Jeremy R. , Weill Joakim A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change impacts threaten the stability of the US housing market. In response to growing concerns that increasing costs of flooding are not fully captured in property values, we quantify the magnitude of unpriced flood risk in the housing market by comparing the empirical and economically efficient prices for properties at risk. We find that residential properties exposed to flood risk are overvalued by US$121–US$237 billion, depending on the discount rate. In general, highly overvalued properties are concentrated in counties along the coast with no flood risk disclosure laws and where there is less concern about climate change. Low-income households are at greater risk of losing home equity from price deflation, and municipalities that are heavily reliant on property taxes for revenue are vulnerable to budgetary shortfalls. The consequences of these financial risks will depend on policy choices that influence who bears the costs of climate change.
Diffusion mobility increases linearly on liquid binodals above triple point
Authors: Dmitryuk Nikita A. , Mistryukova Lucia A. , Kryuchkov Nikita P. , Khrapak Sergey A. , Yurchenko Stanislav O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSelf-diffusion in fluids has been thoroughly studied numerically, but even for simple liquids just a few scaling relationships are known. Relations between diffusion, excitation spectra, and character of the interparticle interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that diffusion mobility of particles in simple fluids increases linearly on the liquid branch of the liquid–gas binodal, from the triple point almost up to the critical point. With molecular dynamics simulations, we considered bulk systems of particles interacting via a generalised Lennard–Jones potential, as well as ethane. Using a two-oscillator model for the analysis of excitations, we observed that the mobility (inverse diffusion) coefficient on the liquid–gas binodal increases linearly above the triple point until the dispersion of high-frequency spectra has a solid-like (oscillating) shape. In terms of a separate mode analysis (of longitudinal and transverse modes), this corresponds to crossed modes in the intermediate range of wavenumbers q, between the hydrodynamic regime (small q) and the regime of individual particle motion (large q). The results should be interesting for a broad community in physics and chemistry of fluids, since self-diffusion is among the most fundamental transport phenomena, important for prospective chemical technologies, micro-, nanofluidics, and biotechnologies.
Inhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Caetano-Silva Maria Elisa , Rund Laurie , Hutchinson Noah T. , Woods Jeffrey A. , Steelman Andrew J. , Johnson Rodney W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroglia play a vital role maintaining brain homeostasis but can also cause persistent neuroinflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the intestinal microbiota have been suggested to regulate microglia inflammation indirectly by signaling through the gut-brain axis or directly by reaching the brain. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia from mice fed inulin, a soluble fiber that is fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce SCFAs in vivo, and SCFAs applied to primary microglia in vitro. Feeding mice inulin increased SCFAs in the cecum and in plasma collected from the hepatic portal vein. Microglia isolated from mice fed inulin and stimulated with LPS in vitro secreted less tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) compared to microglia from mice not given inulin. Additionally, when mice were fed inulin and injected i.p with LPS, the ex vivo secretion of TNF-α by isolated microglia was lower than that secreted by microglia from mice not fed inulin and injected with LPS. Similarly, in vitro treatment of primary microglia with acetate and butyrate either alone or in combination downregulated microglia cytokine production with the effects being additive. SCFAs reduced histone deacetylase activity and nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation after LPS treatment in vitro. Whereas microglia expression of SCFA receptors Ffar2 or Ffar3 was not detected by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, the SCFA transporters Mct1 and Mct4 were. Nevertheless, inhibiting monocarboxylate transporters on primary microglia did not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs, suggesting that if SCFAs produced in the gut regulate microglia directly it is likely through an epigenetic mechanism following diffusion.
Metagenomic mapping of cyanobacteria and potential cyanotoxin producing taxa in large rivers of the United States
Authors: Linz David M. , Sienkiewicz Nathan , Struewing Ian , Stelzer Erin A. , Graham Jennifer L. , Lu Jingrang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCyanobacteria and cyanotoxin producing cyanobacterial blooms are a trending focus of current research. Many studies focus on bloom events in lentic environments such as lakes or ponds. Comparatively few studies have explored lotic environments and fewer still have examined the cyanobacterial communities and potential cyanotoxin producers during ambient, non-bloom conditions. Here we used a metagenomics-based approach to profile non-bloom microbial communities and cyanobacteria in 12 major U.S. rivers at multiple time points during the summer months of 2019. Our data show that U.S. rivers possess microbial communities that are taxonomically rich, yet largely consistent across geographic location and time. Within these communities, cyanobacteria often comprise significant portions and frequently include multiple species with known cyanotoxin producing strains. We further characterized these potential cyanotoxin producing taxa by deep sequencing amplicons of the microcystin E (mcyE) gene. We found that rivers containing the highest levels of potential cyanotoxin producing cyanobacteria consistently possess taxa with the genetic potential for cyanotoxin production and that, among these taxa, the predominant genus of origin for the mcyE gene is Microcystis. Combined, these data provide a unique perspective on cyanobacteria and potential cyanotoxin producing taxa that exist in large rivers across the U.S. and can be used to better understand the ambient conditions that may precede bloom events in lotic freshwater ecosystems.
Optimized workplace risk mitigation measures for SARS-CoV-2 in 2022
Authors: Pettit Rowland , Peng Bo , Yu Patrick , Matos Peter G. , Greninger Alexander L. , McCashin Julie , Amos Christopher Ian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract596 million SARS-CoV-2 cases have been reported and over 12 billion vaccine doses have been administered. As vaccination rates increase, a gap in knowledge exists regarding appropriate thresholds for escalation and de-escalation of workplace COVID-19 preventative measures. We conducted 133,056 simulation experiments, evaluating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus in hypothesized working environments subject to COVID-19 infections from the community. We tested the rates of workplace-acquired infections based on applied isolation strategies, community infection rates, methods and scales of testing, non-pharmaceutical interventions, variant predominance, vaccination coverages, and vaccination efficacies. When 75% of a workforce is vaccinated with a 70% efficacious vaccine against infection, then no masking or routine testing + isolation strategies are needed to prevent workplace-acquired omicron variant infections when the community infection rate per 100,000 persons is ≤ 1. A CIR ≤ 30, and ≤ 120 would result in no workplace-acquired infections in this same scenario against the delta and alpha variants, respectively. Workforces with 100% worker vaccination can prevent workplace-acquired infections with higher community infection rates. Identifying and isolating workers with antigen-based SARS-CoV-2 testing methods results in the same or fewer workplace-acquired infections than testing with slower turnaround time polymerase chain reaction methods. Risk migration measures such as mask-wearing, testing, and isolation can be relaxed, or escalated, in commensurate with levels of community infections, workforce immunization, and risk tolerance. The interactive heatmap we provide can be used for immediate, parameter-based case count predictions to inform institutional policy making. The simulation approach we have described can be further used for future evaluation of strategies to mitigate COVID-19 spread.
A cross-country study on the impact of governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health
Authors: Mesquita Ana , Costa Raquel , Bina Rena , Cadarso-Suárez Carmen , Gude Francisco , Díaz-Louzao Carla , Dikmen-Yildiz Pelin , Osorio Ana , Mateus Vera , Domínguez-Salas Sara , Vousoura Eleni , Levy Drorit , Alfayumi-Zeadna Samira , Wilson Claire A. , Contreras-García Yolanda , Carrasco-Portiño Mercedes , Saldivia Sandra , Christoforou Andri , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni , Felice Ethel , Buhagiar Rachel , Hancheva Camellia , Ajaz Erilda , Uka Ana , Motrico Emma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the role of governmental responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, measured by the Containment and Health Index (CHI), on symptoms of anxiety and depression during pregnancy and postpartum, while considering the countries’ Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) and individual factors such as age, gravidity, and exposure to COVID-19. A cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Riseup-PPD-COVID-19 observational prospective international study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04595123) was carried out between June and October 2020 in 12 countries (Albania, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom). Participants were 7645 pregnant women or mothers in the postpartum period—with an infant aged up to 6 months—who completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) or the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) during pregnancy or the postpartum period. The overall prevalence of clinically significant depression symptoms (EPDS ≥ 13) was 30%, ranging from 20,5% in Cyprus to 44,3% in Brazil. The prevalence of clinically significant anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≥ 10) was 23,6% (ranging from 14,2% in Israel and Turkey to 39,5% in Brazil). Higher symptoms of anxiety or depression were observed in multigravida exposed to COVID-19 or living in countries with a higher number of deaths due to COVID-19. Furthermore, multigravida from countries with lower IHDI or CHI had higher symptoms of anxiety and depression. Perinatal mental health is context-dependent, with women from more disadvantaged countries at higher risk for poor mental health. Implementing more restrictive measures seems to be a protective factor for mental health, at least in the initial phase of the COVID-19.