bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3‐aminohydantoin derivate as a promising scaffold in dopaminergic neuroprotection and neurorescue in the in vivo and in vitro 6‐hydroxydopamine models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mani Sahar , Bouchnak Houda , Pradeloux Solène , Kraiem Jamil , Soulet Denis , Messaoudi Imed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, for which no disease‐modifying treatments are available yet. Thus, developing new neuroprotective drugs with the potential to delay or stop the natural course of the disease is necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of a newly synthesized 3‐aminohydantoin derivative named 3‐amino‐5‐benzylimidazolidine‐2,4‐dione (PHAH). The possible neuroprotective and neurorescue effects of the synthesized compound were tested: (i) in N27 dopaminergic and BV‐2 microglial cell lines treated with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) and (ii) in the 6‐OHDA rat model of PD. PHAH administration reduced proinflammatory markers, including nitric oxide synthase and interleukin‐1β, in BV‐2 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide. Although PHAH did not restore cell death induced by 6‐OHDA, it was not cytotoxic for dopaminergic cells since cell viability, under the effect of the two concentrations, remained comparable to that of the control cells. Most interestingly, PHAH restored 6‐OHDA‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and striatum and ameliorated 6‐OHDA‐induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. In summary, we have proven that in PD models, PHAH has neuroprotective effects in vivo and anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro; however, these effects remain to be confirmed by carrying out certain specific behavioural tests as well as by exploring other neuroinflammatory markers. The present work also suggests that PHAH is a promising scaffold that can serve as the basis for the design and synthesis of other derivatives that can be potent antiparkinsonian agents.
International threats and support for European security and defence integration: Evidence from 25 countries
Authors: MADER MATTHIAS , GAVRAS KONSTANTIN , HOFMANN STEPHANIE C. , REIFLER JASON , SCHOEN HARALD , THOMSON CATARINA 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen member states of the European Union face serious international threats, does this serve as a catalyst or obstacle for European integration in the security and defence domain? To gain purchase on this question, this paper examines public opinion from a common instrument fielded in 24 EU member states (and the United Kingdom) with a total sample size of more than 40,000 respondents. We argue that theoretical accounts of perceived threat produce rival hypotheses. Threats might have either uniform or differential effects on different groups of citizens and could lead to either convergence or divergence of public opinion. We show that perceptions of foreign threats are associated with more favourable views on integration in the security and defence domain. Importantly, this association is as strong among Eurosceptics as among Europhiles. The findings presented here are consistent with the view that functional pressures may temporarily convince Eurosceptics to accept integration in the foreign and security domain.
Lithuania: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: JASTRAMSKIS MAŽVYDAS , RAMONAITĖ AINĖ 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs no elections were held in Lithuania in 2022 and the Cabinet experienced no changes, the article mainly focuses on issues in national politics and institutional adjustments that have affected the conditions for non‐partisan electoral committees to compete in elections and changed the balance of power between mayors and municipal councils. Moreover, the article presents developments in the party system, mainly focusing on the newly established Democratic Party “For Lithuania,” which became one of the most popular political parties in Lithuania immediately after its establishment.
Holding your liquor: Comparison of alcohol‐induced psychomotor impairment in drinkers with and without alcohol use disorder
Authors: Didier Nathan , Vena Ashley , Feather Abigayle R. , Grant Jon E. , King Andrea C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral tolerance to alcohol underscores the widely accepted notion that individuals who regularly drink alcohol become less sensitive to its impairing effects. However, previous research assessing alcohol‐induced impairment in humans has primarily focused on social drinkers. This has limited our understanding of the nature and extent of behavioral tolerance among heavier drinkers, such as those with alcohol use disorder (AUD).MethodsData from three cohorts of the Chicago Social Drinking Project were evaluated to examine the acute effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance across the breath alcohol curve in light drinkers (LDs; n = 86), heavy drinkers (HDs; n = 208), and individuals with AUD (AUDs; n = 103). Before and at several intervals after ingesting either alcohol (0.8 g/kg, peak BrAC = 0.09 g/dL) or placebo in two random‐order laboratory sessions, participants completed a test of fine motor coordination (Grooved Pegboard), a test of perceptual‐motor processing (Digit Symbol Substitution Task), and a self‐reported survey of perceived impairment. Sixty individuals with AUD completed a third session with a very high dose of alcohol (1.2 g/kg, peak BrAC = 0.13 g/dL).ResultsThe AUD and HD groups, relative to the LD group, perceived less impairment and demonstrated greater behavioral tolerance to an intoxicating dose of alcohol, exhibited by reduced peak impairment and a quicker return to baseline performance on psychomotor measures. Among individuals with AUD who consumed the very high dose, impairment was more than double that following the usual high dose, and it exceeded the impairment among LDs following the usual high dose.ConclusionsIn this sample of young adult drinkers, relative to the LD group, those with heavier drinking patterns (AUD and HD groups) showed greater behavioral tolerance to 0.8 g/kg alcohol, a dose typically associated with a binge drinking episode. However, when challenged with a very high alcohol dose commensurate with high‐intensity drinking, individuals with AUD showed substantial psychomotor impairment.
Optimal balancing of xylem efficiency and safety explains plant vulnerability to drought
Authors: Franklin Oskar , Fransson Peter , Hofhansl Florian , Jansen Steven , Joshi Jaideep 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn vast areas of the world, forests and vegetation are water limited and plant survival depends on the ability to avoid catastrophic hydraulic failure. Therefore, it is remarkable that plants take hydraulic risks by operating at water potentials (ψ) that induce partial failure of the water conduits (xylem). Here we present an eco‐evolutionary optimality principle for xylem conduit design that explains this phenomenon based on the hypothesis that conductive efficiency and safety are optimally co‐adapted to the environment. The model explains the relationship between the tolerance to negative water potential (ψ50) and the environmentally dependent minimum ψ (ψmin) across a large number of species, and along the xylem pathway within individuals of two species studied. The wider hydraulic safety margin in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms can be explained as an adaptation to a higher susceptibility to accumulation of embolism. The model provides a novel optimality‐based perspective on the relationship between xylem safety and efficiency.
Study on ablation behavior and mechanism of C/SiC composite irradiated by a laser with various parameters
Authors: Yang Yu , Jiang Miao , Chen Xiaotong , Ma Zhuang , Liu Hanyang , Rogachev Alexandr. A. , Tian Weizhi , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhou Zhigang , Wang Dawei , Gao Lihong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractC/SiC composite has been widely used as a high‐temperature material for engineering components due to its excellent thermal properties. Facing the rapid development and threat of high‐energy laser, study on the ablation resistance under laser irradiation is strongly required. In this work, a continuous high‐energy laser was applied to explore the laser ablation behavior and mechanism of C/SiC composite. From the results, C/SiC composite shows different morphologies when irradiated at various laser power densities for 500 and 700 W/cm2. We divided the ablation area into three regions; the central, transition, and edge regions, where the formation of SiO2, SiO, and the breakage of carbon fiber were observed. The generated highly reflective SiO2 layer reduces the absorption of laser energy, which is beneficial to lower the back‐surface temperature and reduce the damage of composite. In addition, we put forward the ablation physical models and ablation mechanisms irradiated at different power densities. The work provides a basis for the laser ablation resistance of C/SiC composites under different conditions.
Processing of alumina grinding media using scandia as a sintering aid
Authors: Wu Tingting , Zhang Yaqi , Ma Lijie , Wu Bolin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWear resistance is one of the essential properties of grinding media. Good wear resistance is the quality guarantee of preparing high‐purity ultrafine powder. This paper mainly studied the influence rule and enhanced mechanism of Sc2O3on the wear resistance of Al2O3ceramics. The relationship between Sc2O3content and sintering properties, wear resistance, and microstructure of ceramics was studied. According to research findings, Sc2O3could promote the densification of ceramics, improve the morphology of grain boundaries, enhance the binding force of grains, and increase the mechanical property of alumina grain.
Prescription of panoramic radiographs in children using age‐based prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies
Authors: Mohan Ritu , Puranik Chaitanya P. , Kaci Pickett , Moore Timothy , Katechia Bina , Schulman Gary S. , Tadinada Aditya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPanoramic radiographs (PRs) are used in the detection and diagnosis of developmental dental anomalies and pathologies (DDAPs) in children.AimThe primary objective of this observational cohort study was to evaluate the age‐based prevalence of DDAP on PRs, whereas the secondary objective was to determine a threshold age for the detection of DDAP to provide supportive evidence for the prescription of PR in paediatric dental practice.DesignThe study examined diagnostic PRs from 581 subjects aged 6 to 19 years. All PRs were reviewed by experienced, calibrated, masked examiners for the identification or presence of anomalies in size, shape, position, structure, and other developmental anomalies and pathologies (ODAP) of the face–neck region in a standardized condition. The data were statistically analyzed for interpretation.ResultsOverall, 74% (n = 411) of the cohort had at least one anomaly (shape anomaly: 12%, number anomaly: 17%, positional anomaly: 28%, structural anomaly: 0%, and ODAP: 63%). The optimal Youden index cutoff for any anomaly was 9 years. Twelve and 15 years also showed predictive ability.ConclusionThe results suggest that PRs should be prescribed at ages 9, 12, and 15 years for the diagnosis of DDAP.
Global bibliometric mapping of dental development research for the period 2012–2021
Authors: Li Yiting , Tang Li , Zhang Yi , Liao Ga , Zheng Liwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental development is a complex long‐term biological process, significant attention should be paid to the dental development and health of this critical time window in childhood for the oral health of the whole life cycle.AimThis study aimed to conduct bibliometric studies on the scientific outputs of global dental development research by the CiteSpace software.DesignThe global scientific outputs about dental development between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel were applied for this bibliometric study.ResultsA total of 3746 reviews and articles were obtained from the Web of Science core database for exploring the basic publication characteristics, hotspots, and frontiers of this research field. The results showed that dental development is gaining more researcher's attention over time. In terms of countries, the USA and China were the major contributors to this research area. At the institutional level, Sichuan University ranked first. Meanwhile, international cooperation across regions was quite active. The Journal of Dental Research has exerted a broad and far‐reaching influence on dental development research in both publications and citations. James P Simmer, Jungwook Kim, Charles E Smith, and Jan CC Hu are among the most influential scholars in this field. Finally, the future hotspots were proposed, covering three directions: dental analysis, tooth development, and post‐translational phosphorylation of histones.ConclusionIn the past decade, the field of dental development has developed rapidly, and the cooperation between scholars, institutions, and researchers has become increasingly close.
Dreaming a New Future
Authors: Manchala Deenabandhu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract“Mission from the Margins” is not about the victims but about confronting the forces of marginalization. It is about naming and dismantling cultures and structures that keep the world unjust by legitimizing abuse of human beings and creation. The Ecumenical Conversation “Dreaming a New Future” was an attempt to be enriched by the yearnings for justice, freedom, and life of those who are thus pushed to the margins. It calls the churches to resist the schemes and solutions of those who occupy the centres and instead opt to be signs and symbols of God's reign by partnering with the marginalized in their struggles. As such, “Mission from the Margins” is both a subversive and a creative mission engagement. It insists that our actions of love, reconciliation and unity must critically engage with the dispensers of injustice. This essay proposes Life‐centred affirmations and actions, repatterning “sentness,” partnership for justice as a way toward unity, and the need for the church to be a moral force as signposts for the Pilgrimage of Justice, Reconciliation and Unity.
De‐Religionizing the Missio Dei
Authors: Vedhanayagam VethaKani 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe message of the World Council of Churches' 11th Assembly invites the global Christian family “to act together” – a call that is based on Christ's love urging us (2 Cor. 5:14) toward reconciliation and unity. This is the missio Dei of the church of all ages. In considering the relevance of this message and call, this article endeavours to hermeneutically problematize (to “de‐religionize”) them through biblical, theological, and missiological lenses in the present global context from the perspective of those who are marginalized, victimized, and in need of this gospel message.
A Jamaican Response to the Call to Act Together
Authors: Vernon Evie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article is an exploration of following the way of Jesus regarding apologies and restitution for slavery. Three stories of good practice from the North American Jesuits, the United Reformed Church, and the Church of England are contrasted with stories of the abuse of children from First Nations people in Canada, poor families in Ireland, and the transportation of allegedly indigent children from Britain to Australia. These accounts are used to examine critically how far the church is following the call of Jesus to care for the vulnerable and identify with the marginalized in interactions with those sexually abused in churches, in engagement with sex workers, and the treatment of the LGBTQ+ community. A poetic reflection from the voice of the man who lived outside his community of the Gadarenes concludes the article.
Human Agency in the Missio Dei and the Problem of Discipleship
Authors: Butler James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAt the heart of this article is an inquiry into the relationship between human and divine agency in the doctrine of the missio Dei and a critique of the turn to the language of discipleship in looking to articulate this agency. Taking the World Council of Churches’ Commission of World Mission and Evangelism's two recent documents, Together towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes (TTL) and the “Arusha Call to Discipleship,” as a case study, this article will seek to articulate an account of human participation in the missio Dei which maintains the emphasis on spirituality in TTL. Through a close reading of TTL and the Arusha Call, the article will demonstrate that the introduction of discipleship language has not solved the issue of agency but rather has changed the account of agency and, as a result, the missiology. By turning to accounts of faithful participation from qualitative research into British Methodism, to John V. Taylor's Go‐between God, and to Pope Francis’ Evangelii gaudium, I will suggest that a better account of human agency in the missio Dei can be developed by emphasizing the pneumatology of TTL and by turning to language of attentiveness, accompaniment, and discernment.
Charles F. Mackenzie, Popery, Guns, and Colonial Conflict
Authors: Houston Peter C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCharles F. Mackenzie was an Anglican archdeacon in the 19th century in the newly formed Diocese of Natal. He was consecrated a missionary bishop for Central Africa in Cape Town in 1861, which was a significant development for the Anglican Church at the time. Mackenzie struggled to read the social landscape, becoming embroiled in colonial conflict. Consequently, congregants, colleagues, and historians have characterized him in markedly different ways, rendering a disputed legacy. This paper brings Mackenzie into conversation with another figure who is not without his own controversy: Martyn Percy. Applying Percy's implicit theological approach provides an important lens with which to view the social complexities, ecclesial conflicts and missional contexts which Mackenzie sought to navigate.
Adaptation in Modern Times
Authors: Dokman Frans 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the beginning of Christian mission, adaptation to local cultures (later called acculturation or inculturation) has been the main factor in mission failure or success. Placide Tempels is considered a pioneer of adaptation in modern times. He was a Flemish Franciscan missionary in Congo from 1933 to 1962 (with two breaks) and is well known for his adaptation to the Bantu worldview. Referring to spiritual and intellectual adaptation, the paper will answer the following questions: Was the adaptation of Placide Tempels successful? If it was or was not, why and in what way? The analysis will be linked to William Biernatzki's theory of root paradigms and meanings. To conclude, a connection will be made to the process of adaptation in international mission organizations today.
Influence of iron oxide substitution on the magnetic interactions in sol–gel‐derived 45S5 bioactive glass–ceramics
Authors: Nitu  , Srinivasan Ananthakrishnan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMagnetic interactions in sol–gel‐derived bioactive magnetic glass–ceramics (MGCs) with compositions of (45 − x)SiO2·24.5CaO·24.5Na2O·6P2O5 xFe2O3 (2 ≤ x ≥ 15 wt.%) have been investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility and magnetization (M–T) techniques. EPR spectra of the MGC samples revealed strong composition dependence in the intensity and linewidth of resonance absorptions at g ≈ 2.0 and g ≈ 4.3. EPR linewidth analysis showed the dominance of dipole–dipole interaction in MGC samples with iron oxide content ≤4 wt.% and a crossover to super‐exchange type interaction in samples with higher iron oxide content. Composition‐dependent magnetic interaction in these MGC could be related to Fe2+ and Fe3+ ion concentrations using high‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies. Zero‐field cooled and field cooled M–T curves indicate different magnetic behavior for MGC samples with x ≤ 6 and x ≥ 8 wt.% iron oxide. Although the former show weak magnetic behavior, the latter exhibit superparamagnetic behavior which could be correlated with the percentage of magnetic phases present in each sample. These studies reveal composition‐dependent variation in dipolar and super‐exchange type interaction in the samples which could help in assessing these MGC for biomedical applications.
KNN–Eu transparent ferroelectrics: Local structure and luminescent property
Authors: Wu Lingjie , Tan Zhi , Zheng Ting , Wu Jiagang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiffer from the rapid development of piezoelectricity in potassium sodium niobate (KNN) ceramics, the progress of photoluminescence in transparent KNN ferroelectric ceramics remains stagnant. Herein, europium (Eu)‐doped KNN ceramics have been prepared to investigate its local structure and optical–electrical multi‐functionality. Both enhanced piezoelectricity in ceramics with a bimodal distribution of grain size and improved luminescent property in ceramics with refined grain size can be achieved by adjusting the content of Eu. The addition of Eu can destroy long‐range ferroelectric orders, leading to the formation of pseudo‐cubic phase and polar nanoregions (PNRs). The highly activated PNRs promoted electric field‐induced domain switching and nearly reversible piezo/ferroelectric properties. First‐principles calculations show that Eu substitution will lead to local inhomogeneous chemical bond environment, affecting the local electric/elastic fields and crystal fields, and then benefiting to the luminescence behavior, including both the intensity and lifetime. We believe that this work can benefit to the development of KNN transparent luminescent ceramics and the light‐emitting devices.
Voltage gradients in transvenous and subcutaneous defibrillation and their risk of myocardial damage
Authors: Belalcazar Andres , Stahl Wyatt , Friedman Daniel J. , Brouwer Tom F. , Knops Reinoud E. , Poole Jeanne E. , Kevin Heist E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks have been associated with cardiac biomarker elevations and are thought in some cases to contribute to adverse clinical outcomes and mortality, possibly from myocardium exposed to excessive shock voltage gradients. Currently, there are only limited data for comparison with subcutaneous ICDs. We sought to compare ventricular myocardium voltage gradients resulting from transvenous (TV) and subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD) shocks to assess their risk of myocardial damage.MethodsA finite element model was derived from thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voltage gradients were modeled for an S‐ICD with a left‐sided parasternal coil and a left‐sided TV‐ICD with a mid‐cavity, a septal right ventricle (RV) coil, or a dual coil lead (TV mid, TV septal, TV septal +  superior vena cava [SVC]). High gradients were defined as > 100 V/cm.ResultsThe volumes of ventricular myocardium with high gradients > 100 V/cm were 0.02, 2.4, 7.7, and 0 cc for TV mid, TV septal, TV septal + SVC, and S‐ICD, respectively.ConclusionOur models suggest that S‐ICD shocks produce more uniform gradients in the myocardium, with less exposure to potentially damaging electrical fields, compared to TV‐ICDs. Dual coil TV leads yield higher gradients, as does closer proximity of the shock coil to the myocardium.