bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying essential skills and competencies towards building a training framework for future operators of autonomous ships: a qualitative study
Authors: Emad Gholam Reza , Ghosh Samrat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPast and ongoing research in the design, development, and implementation of fully autonomous and unmanned ships has revealed operational, environmental, and financial benefits for the maritime industry. However, with the benefits of being highly intuitive and intelligent systems, there are risks of mistakes and failures caused by their operators i.e. the unavoidable human element. With predictions of both seafarers and non-seafarers to be involved in the critical operations of autonomous vessels, it was imperative to identify key maritime stakeholders and conduct research which would investigate their beliefs and perceptions on the training requirements of the future shore-based operators. The key maritime stakeholders were 37 participants who were a mix of seafarers, maritime regulators, maritime education and training providers, and persons involved in other facets of the maritime business. The qualitative research involving in-depth interviews with the participants provided key insights which helped in identifying essential skills and competencies towards building a recommendatory framework which can be used as a basis to reform the Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) Code in order to make seafarers future ready.
Current Concepts and Considerations in Measuring Dysphagia-Related Quality of Life for People with Head and Neck Disease
Authors: Clunie Gemma , Toft Kate , Simson Gavriella , Dawson Camilla , Govender Roganie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To provide an overview of current concepts and considerations in the measurement of dysphagia-related quality of life (QoL) for people with head and neck disease. We describe key psychometric and other tool properties that are important to consider when deciding which dysphagia QoL tool to use in practice. The review seeks to establish which tool/s best meet the required properties.

Recent Findings
Currently, no single dysphagia QoL tool meets all criteria. However, a few (SWAL QoL, MDADI, SOAL) meet several parameters and we highlight the current evidence base for these assessments.

Summary
QoL is essential to providing holistic clinical care and could also be an important outcome in research when evaluating interventions. Existing tools may benefit from re-validation studies which take account of progress made in the fields of instrument development, cross-cultural validity and patient centredness. It is also crucial to recognise that the value of capturing QoL in clinical practice is only realised by subsequent follow-up with the individual patient.
Dengue: Update on Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines
Authors: Palanichamy Kala Monica , St. John Ashley L. , Rathore Abhay P. S. 
Published: April 2023

Opinion statementDengue viruses (DENV) continue to circulate worldwide, resulting in a significant burden on human health. There are four antigenically distinct serotypes of DENV, an infection of which could result in a potentially life-threatening disease. Current treatment options are limited and rely on supportive care. Although one dengue vaccine is approved for dengue-immune individuals and has modest efficacy, there is still a need for therapeutics and vaccines that can reduce dengue morbidities and lower the infection burden. There have been recent advances in the development of promising drugs for the treatment of dengue. These include direct antivirals that can reduce virus replication as well as host-targeted drugs for reducing inflammation and/or vascular pathologies. There are also new vaccine candidates that are being evaluated for their safety and efficacy in preventing dengue disease. This review highlights nuances in the current standard-of-care treatment of dengue. We also discuss emerging treatment options, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines that are currently being pursued at various stages of preclinical and clinical development.
Microstructural evolution and oxidation in α/β titanium alloy under fretting fatigue loading
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Shao Xiaohong , Tan Kai , Teng Zhenjie , Du Yaohan , Li Lang , Wang Qingyuan , Chen Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoupling effects of fretting wear and cyclic stress could result in significant fatigue strength degradation, thus potentially causing unanticipated catastrophic fractures. The underlying mechanism of microstructural evolutions caused by fretting wear is ambiguous, which obstructs the understanding of fretting fatigue issues, and is unable to guarantee the reliability of structures for long-term operation. Here, fretting wear studies were performed to understand the microstructural evolution and oxidation behavior of an α/β titanium alloy up to 108 cycles. Contact surface degradation is mainly caused by surface oxidation and the generation of wear debris during fretting wear within the slip zone. The grain size in the topmost nanostructured layer could be refined to ∼40 nm. The grain refinement process involves the initial grain rotation, the formation of low angle grain boundary (LAGB; 2°–5°), the in-situ increments of the misorientation angle, and the final subdivision, which have been unraveled to feature the evolution in dislocation morphologies from slip lines to tangles and arrays. The formation of hetero microstructures regarding the nonequilibrium high angle grain boundary (HAGB) and dislocation arrays gives rise to more oxygen diffusion pathways in the topmost nanostructured layer, thus resulting in the formation of cracking interface to separate the oxidation zone and the adjoining nanostructured domain driven by tribological fatigue stress. Eventually, it facilitates surface degradation and the formation of catastrophic fractures.
Confiscating Russia’s Frozen Central Bank Assets: A Permissible Third-Party Countermeasure?
Authors: Kamminga Menno T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe war of aggression by a permanent member of the Security Council, combined with the availability of its assets on the territory of other states, creates an opportunity to solve one of international law’s enigmas: the legality of third-party countermeasures in the general interest. Would confiscating Russia’s frozen Central Bank assets and making the proceeds available to repair the war damage in Ukraine be permissible as such a countermeasure? This paper argues that state immunity cannot be relied upon to prevent the freezing or confiscation of foreign central bank assets by direct executive action; that freezing foreign state assets is permissible as a third-party countermeasure to stop a serious case of aggression; and that confiscation would not qualify as a countermeasure but may be permissible as a ‘lawful measure’ to repair the damage. Recent changes in Canadian legislation support the existence of such a permissive rule. On the other hand, controversial measures by the United States to control the assets of the Afghan Central Bank demonstrate the need for safeguards against abuse.
A Genetic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Phenotypes and p27 Expression in Adenocarcinoma Patients in Jordan
Authors: Al-Sheboul Suhaila A. , Mohammad Ahmad Abdul-Razzak , Shboul Yasemin , Brown Brent , Matalka Ismail I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStomach (gastric) cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide and most gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas. Based on prior research, there is an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection together with the frequency of duodenal ulcer, distal gastric adenocarcinoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and antral gastritis. Helicobacter pylori virulence and toxicity factors have been identified before that significantly influence the clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection and gastric adenocarcinoma. However, it remains unclear exactly how different strains of H. pylori affect gastric adenocarcinoma. Current research suggests this involves tumor suppressor genes, like p27 but also H. pylori toxic virulence proteins. Therefore, we quantified known H. pylori genotypes within adenocarcinoma patients to establish the prevalence of known toxins that include cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) as well as vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) within patients of variable adenocarcinoma diagnosis. This analysis used gastrectomy samples validated for DNA viability. The incidence of H. pylori in adenocarcinoma patients in Jordan was established to be 54.5% positive (ureA gene positive) with cagA genotype occurrence at 57.1%, but also in this population study vacA gene ratios found to be 24.7%:22.1%:14.3%:14.3%. (vacAs1:vacAs2:vacAm1:vacAm2). Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we confirmed with statistical significance that p27 was dysregulated and suppressed, within nearly all H. pylori vacA genotypes. In addition, within 24.6% of H. pylori samples analyzed was a different bacterial genotype, and curiously that p27 protein expression was retained in 12% of tested adenocarcinoma H. pylori samples. This is suggestive that p27 could be used as a prognostic indicator but also that an unknown genotype could be contributing to the regulatory effects of p27 protein within this bacterial and cellular environment that may include other virulence factors and unknown immune system regulatory changes.
Sensitive ratiometric sensor for Al(III) detection in water samples using luminescence or eye-vision
Authors: Khairy Gasser M. , Amin Alaa S. , Moalla Sayed M. N. , Medhat Ayman , Hassan Nader 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA facile, quick, and sensitive ratiometric luminescence sensor is designed for detection aluminum ions in water samples using luminescence or eye-vision. This approach relies on the emission change of the europium(III) complex with 3-(2-naphthoyl)-1,1,1,-trifluoro acetone (3-NTA) after interaction with various concentration of aluminum ions. The addition of aluminum ions suppressed the Eu(III) emission at 615 nm under 333 nm excitation, while simultaneously enhancing the ligand emission at 480 nm. Optimum detection was obtained in methanol. The quantification of aluminum ions using ratiometric method was determined by plotting the luminescence ratio (F480nm/F615nm) versus aluminum ions concentration. The calibration plot was obtained within the range 0.1–100 µM with LOD = 0.27 µM. Additionally, the concentration of aluminum ions can be estimated semi-quantitatively by visually observing the luminescence colour change of the probe from red to light green and then to dark green after being excited by a UV lamp with 365 nm. As far as we are aware, this is the first luminescent lanthanide complex-based ratiometric probe for the detection of aluminum ions. The probe showed remarkable aluminum ions selectivity relative to that of other metal ions. The suggested sensor was used effectively to identify aluminum ions in water samples with good results.
Graphical Abstract
On bifurcation of statistical properties of partially hyperbolic endomorphisms
Authors: TSUJII MASATO , ZHANG ZHIYUAN 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe give an example of a path-wise connected open set of
$C^{\infty }$
partially hyperbolic endomorphisms on the
$2$
-torus, on which the (unique) Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen (SRB) measure exists for each system and varies smoothly depending on the system, while the sign of its central Lyapunov exponent changes.
The thermal history of the intergalactic medium at 3.9 ≤ z ≤ 4.3
Authors: Ondro T. , Gális R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A new determination of the temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM) over

$3.9 \leq z \leq 4.3$

is presented. We applied the curvature method on a sample of 10 high-resolution quasar spectra from the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the VLT/ESO. We measured the temperature at mean density by determining the temperature at the characteristic overdensity, which is tight function of the absolute curvature irrespective of

$\unicode{x03B3}$

. Under the assumption of fiducial value of

$\unicode{x03B3} = 1.4$

, we determined the values of temperatures at mean density

$T_{0} = 7893^{+1417}_{-1226}$

K and

$T_{0} = 8153^{+1224}_{-993}$

K for redshift range of

$3.9 \leq z \leq 4.1$

and

$4.1 \leq z \leq 4.3$

, respectively. Even though the results show no strong temperature evolution over the studied redshift range, our measurements are consistent with an IGM thermal history that includes a contribution from He ii reionisation.
Spiritual Pawning: “Mad Slaves” and Mental Healing in Atlantic-Era West Africa
Authors: Quarshie Nana Osei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen enslaved people became “mad,” they lost exchange value as labor capital on the Atlantic market, as neither African nor European merchants considered the mentally distressed to be valuable bondsmen. Historians of slavery in the Americas have drawn on accounts of “mad slaves” to understand how labor value was generated, and disrupted, through the transport and sale of captive Africans. But historians have yet to examine the relationship between psychological distress and enslavement in West Africa, where many of the captives in question originated. This article opens a research agenda on madness in Atlantic-era West Africa through a case study of the role of Ga shrines as spaces of mental healing in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Gold Coast, today’s coastal Ghana. Ga families confided their mentally distressed kin to shrine priests, who treated severe illnesses caused by ritual afflictions. When shrine priests healed these ailments, they engaged in spiritual pawning: converting mad persons, deemed unfit for sale due to mental incapacity, into potential subjects of enslavement. West African shrines were thus spaces of value conversion that reflected a broader monetary and ritual economy of capture, enslavement, and raiding that proliferated on the Gold Coast.
Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular and morphological data reveal a new species ofStrigeaAbildgaard, 1790 (Digenea: Strigeidae) and taxonomic changes in strigeids infecting Neotropical birds of prey
Authors: López-Jiménez A. , González-García M.T. , Andrade-Gómez L. , García-Varela M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMembers of the genusStrigeaAbildgaard, 1790 are endoparasites of birds distributed worldwide. Adults of an undescribed species of the genusStrigeawere collected from the intestines of two hawk species (Rupornis magnirostrisandAccipiter coperii). Other species identified asParastrigea macrobursathat were described in Argentina were also recovered from two hawk species (Buteogallus urubitingaandButeogallus anthracinus) in three localities along the coasts of Mexico. Specimens of the two species were sequenced for three molecular markers, the internal transcribed spacers locus (ITS1-5.8S rDNA- ITS2) and the domains D1–D3 from the large subunit from nuclear ribosomal DNA and the cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 from mitochondrial DNA. The newly sequenced specimens were aligned with other strigeids sequences downloaded from GenBank. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses inferred with each molecular marker revealed that our specimens ofStrigeasp. formed an independent lineage, which is recognized herein as a new species,Strigea magnirostrisn. sp., representing the first species in Mexico and the 16th in the Neotropical region. Morphologically, the new species is distinguished from other congeneric species from the Americas by having an oral sucker with several papillae around it, well-developed pseudosuckers (118–248 μm), a tegument covered with tiny spines, a larger cone genital (193–361 × 296–637) and a larger copulatory bursa (247–531 × 468–784). Our phylogenetic analyses revealed thatP. macrobursais not closely related to other members of the genusParastrigeaand is nested withinStrigea, suggesting thatP. macrobursashould be transferred toStrigeato formStrigea macrobursan. comb., expanding its distribution range from Mexico to Argentina. Finally, the analyses also revealed that the taxonomy and systematics ofStrigeashould be re-evaluated, combining morphological and molecular characteristics.
Attack rates on artificial caterpillars in urban areas are higher than in suburban areas in Colombia
Authors: Cupitra-Rodríguez Jefferson , Cruz-Bernate Lorena , Montoya-Lerma James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrowing urban expansion can alter ecological processes within trophic networks. Predation on herbivores is known to vary with the size of the area covered by vegetation, successional stage, altitude and predator community structure; however there are gaps in understanding how this occurs in urban and suburban environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether predation pressure on artificial models of caterpillars varied with the degree of urbanisation and type of substrate. Artificial caterpillars were placed on two types of substrates (leafvs. stem) in two areas of the city (urbanvs. suburban). Total predation was measured as the number of models with evidence of attack by predators, with the predation rate estimated on a weekly basis. Predation was affected by the degree of urbanisation, being higher in urban (x̄= 9.88%; SD = 4.09%,n= 8) than suburban areas (x̄= 5.75%, SD = 4.21%,n= 8). Attack marks were observed in 23.8% (n= 125) of artificial caterpillars. The weekly predation rate on leaves (x̄= 9.63%, SD = 5.95%,n= 8) was higher than that on stems (x̄= 6%, SD = 4.2%,n= 8). These results suggest that the incidence of predation might vary with the degree of urbanisation and by the type of substrate on which prey organisms are found.
Mergers and Legal Fictions: Coverture and Intermarried Women in India
Authors: Vevaina Leilah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWithin India's system of plural personal laws, the rights of women in matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance are solely based on their natal communal identity. While we see many examples of women appealing to courts to secure or improve their rights vis-à-vis personal laws, marriage outside the community has often occluded these rights completely. Marital property, inheritance, and even access to sacred space are in a gray zone of differentiated rights between natal and marital community customs. One intermarried woman, Goolrukh Gupta, sued the trust that managed the town's sacred space in the High Court to confirm her rights to enter sacred space. The Court ruled that she was removed from her natal community even though she had married under the Special Marriage Act of 1954, as she had “merged personality with her husband.” While British women's property was held under coverture through the nineteenth century, these laws were never transferred over to the Indian colony. Through the legal appeals of intermarried women, this article explores the shifting and unstable rights of intermarried women in India.
The Social Psychology of Masking Among Undergraduates in a Predominantly Conservative Region
Authors: Carter Mollie D. K. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in mask mandates on college campuses across the United States, and the reasons for disagreement with them by students in conservative regions are unknown. This study sought to explain the affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) components of college students’ attitudes toward wearing a mask in the classroom according to the ABC model of attitude formation. Participants (N = 40) responded to eight open-ended, anonymous written interview prompts, which were coded and themed according to the grounded theory of qualitative research. Results indicated that cognitions about masking in general were varied, even among students in a predominantly conservative region. Participant cognitions about wearing a mask in the classroom ranged from the desire to protect self and others to discomfort and annoyance. Participants frequently reported experiences of negative affect while wearing a mask in the classroom, with perceived isolation reported as the most frequent issue related to negative affect. Participants frequently reported less classroom participation because of the mandate to wear a mask in the classroom, but they also frequently reported that they complied despite the cognitive and affective problems due to their desire to obey, social responsibility, and values regarding the care of others.
Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents
Authors: Long Christopher R , Narcisse Marie-Rachelle , Selig James P , Willis Don E , Gannon Matthew , Rowland Brett , English Emily S , McElfish Pearl A 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:This study estimates the prevalence of, and associations between, family food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents and explores socio-demographic factors which might have a moderation effect on the association.Design:Cross-sectional study using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data reported by a parent or guardian. Family-level food security was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture 10-item questionnaire. BMI for age and sex ≥ 85th and 95th percentiles defined overweight and obesity, respectively, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.Setting:The USA, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia.Participants:383 NHPI adolescents aged 12–17 in the USA.Results:A third (33·5 %) of NHPI adolescents aged 12–17 were overweight (19·1 %) or obese (14·4 %); 8·1 % had low food security; and 8·5 % had very low food security. Mean family food security score was 1·06, which corresponds to marginal food security. We found no association between family food insecurity and adolescent overweight/obesity or between any other covariates and overweight/obesity, except for family Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Odds of being overweight/obese were 77 % lower for adolescents in families participating in SNAP (OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·64, P = 0·007). The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity was particularly pronounced for adolescent girls in food-insecure families.Conclusions:The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity suggests potential benefit of research to determine whether interventions to increase SNAP enrollment would improve NHPI adolescents’ health outcomes.