bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the iliac crest from CT-data for virtual surgical planning of facial reconstruction surgery using deep learning
Authors: Raith Stefan , Pankert Tobias , de Souza Nascimento Jônatas , Jaganathan Srikrishna , Peters Florian , Wien Mathias , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and objectives: For the planning of surgical procedures involving the bony reconstruction of the mandible, the autologous iliac crest graft, along with the fibula graft, has become established as a preferred donor region. While computer-assisted planning methods are increasingly gaining importance, the necessary preparation of geometric data based on CT imaging remains largely a manual process. The aim of this work was to develop and test a method for the automated segmentation of the iliac crest for subsequent reconstruction planning. Methods: A total of 1,398 datasets with manual segmentations were obtained as ground truth, with a subset of 400 datasets used for training and validation of the Neural Networks and another subset of 177 datasets used solely for testing. A deep Convolutional Neural Network implemented in a 3D U-Net architecture using Tensorflow was employed to provide a pipeline for automatic segmentation. Transfer learning was applied for model training optimization. Evaluation metrics included the Dice Similarity Coefficient, Symmetrical Average Surface Distance, and a modified 95% Hausdorff Distance focusing on regions relevant for transplantation. Results: The automated segmentation achieved high accuracy, with qualitative and quantitative assessments demonstrating predictions closely aligned with ground truths. Quantitative evaluation of the correspondence yielded values for geometric agreement in the transplant-relevant area of 92% +/- 7% (Dice coefficient) and average surface deviations of 0.605 +/- 0.41 mm. In all cases, the bones were identified as contiguous objects in the correct spatial orientation. The geometries of the iliac crests were consistently and completely recognized on both sides without any gaps. Conclusions: The method was successfully used to extract the individual geometries of the iliac crest from CT data. Thus, it has the potential to serve as an essential starting point in a digitized planning process and to provide data for subsequent surgical planning. The complete automation of this step allows for efficient and reliable preparation of anatomical data for reconstructive surgeries.
Modelling hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment phenotype to evaluate drug efficacy
Authors: Cherradi Sara , Roux Salomé , Dupuy Marie , Tabone-Eglinger Séverine , Tuaillon Edouard , Ziol Marianne , Assenat Eric , Duong Hong Tuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Treating HCC is challenging because of the poor drug effectiveness and the lack of tools to predict patient responses. To resolve these issues, we established a patient-centric spheroid model using HepG2, TWNT-1, and THP-1 co-culture, that mimics HCC phenotype. We developed a target-independent cell killing (TICK) exclusion strategy to monitor the therapeutic response. We demonstrated that our model reproduced the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) molecular classification, displayed known alterations of epigenetic players, and responded to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib in a patient-dependent manner. Importantly, we reported for the first time that our model correctly predicted 34 clinical outcomes to TKIs out of 37 case studies on 32 HCC patients confirming that patient-centric spheroids, combined with our TICK exclusion strategy, are valuable models for drug discovery and opening a near perspective to personalized care.
Kinematics of balance controls in people with chronic ankle instability during unilateral stance on a moving platform
Authors: Xu Xiaohan , Bowtell Joanna , Fong Daniel T. P. , Young William R. , Williams Genevieve K. R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBalance control deficits resulting from ankle sprains are central to chronic ankle instability (CAI) and its persistent symptoms. This study aimed to identify differences in balance control between individuals with CAI and healthy controls (HC) using challenging single-leg balance tasks. Twenty-three CAI and 23 HC participants performed balance tasks on a force plate that either remained static or moved mediolaterally. Force and kinematic data were recorded to measure balance and joint movements. The CAI group showed significantly shorter time-to-boundary during static conditions but no significant differences during moving conditions compared to HC. During moving conditions, CAIs exhibited greater proximal compensations, with greater range of motion and higher angular velocity in the knee, hip, and torso. while no significant differences were observed in these parameters during static conditions. Principal component analysis indicated specific kinetic chain in CAI during one-leg balance under both static and moving conditions compared to HC. These findings suggest an altered movement strategy in CAI, that ankle injuries impair the ability to stabilize both distal and proximal joints, and an altered kinetic chain from ankle to torso. Rehabilitation programs for CAI might benefit from considering the integration of the entire kinetic chain, addressing both distal and proximal joint dynamics to support effective recovery and prevent secondary injuries.
New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems
Authors: Kukowska Sylwia , Nowicki Piotr , Szewczuk-Karpisz Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe main aim of the study was to develop new fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metals, metalloids, and polymers by the use of carbon dioxide (CO2)-consuming, microwave-assisted activation. The authors compared morphology, surface chemistry, textural parameters, and elemental composition of precursors (chokeberry seeds, black currant seeds, orange peels), as well as biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) obtained from them. The adsorption mechanisms of metals (copper, cadmium), metalloids (arsenic, selenium), and macromolecular compounds (bacterial exopolysaccharide, ionic polyacrylamides) on the surface of selected materials were investigated in one- and two-component systems. Consequently, the capacities of BCs and ACs prepared through direct/indirect physical activation, using conventional/microwave heating were determined. It was noted that microwave heating favoured surface development and thus enhanced adsorbent ability to bind ions or macromolecules. Direct biomass activation led to higher microporosity compared to indirect (two-stage) one, whilst CO2-consuming activation increased aromaticity and hydrophobicity of the solids. In the two-component systems, polymers could favour metal/metalloid adsorption based on complexation phenomena. However, the most efficient and environmentally safe activated carbon turned out to be the one obtained from orange peels by microwave-assisted, direct activation at 800 °C in the CO2 atmosphere.
Magnetic tweezers to capture the fast-folding λ6-85 in slow motion
Authors: Quintana-Cataño César Augusto , Mukhortava Ann , Boukhet Mordjane A. , Hartmann Andreas , Schumann Karl-Ludwig , Schlierf Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractForce spectroscopy gives access to the underlying free energy landscape of protein folding. Proteins exhibit folding rates between microseconds and hours. To access slow folding rates, magnetic tweezers have shown to be a promising tool, yet it remained unclear if magnetic tweezers capture kinetics of ultra-fast folding proteins. Here, we study the folding mechanics and kinetics of λ6-85; a five-helix bundle protein with fast ~20 µs folding time in the thermal denaturation midpoint. We observed two-state folding of λ6-85 at ~ 6.2 pN and ~ 250 ms folding time in the mechanical midpoint. With optical tweezers, we found that λ6-85 folds at the mechanical midpoint with ~ 15 ms, 16-fold faster than in magnetic tweezers. To resolve the discrepancy between magnetic and optical tweezers, we developed a physics-based model taking into account the constant force condition of magnetic tweezers and the spacer mechanics. Using this model, we reach agreement between magnetic tweezers, optical tweezers and thermal denaturation experiments. In summary, we show that magnetic tweezers capture kinetics of ultrafast conformational changes, even at low forces. The model for extrapolation of the kinetics to force-free conditions provides opportunities of comparability for the growing community of magnetic tweezers force spectroscopy.
Generating multi-scale Li-ion battery cathode particles with radial grain architectures using stereological generative adversarial networks
Authors: Fuchs Lukas , Furat Orkun , Finegan Donal P. , Allen Jeffery , Usseglio-Viretta Francois L. E. , Ozdogru Bertan , Weddle Peter J. , Smith Kandler , Schmidt Volker 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding structure-property relationships of Li-ion battery cathodes is crucial for optimizing rate-performance and cycle-life resilience. However, correlating the morphology of cathode particles, such as in LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), and their inner grain architecture with electrode performance is challenging, particularly, due to the significant length-scale difference between grain and particle sizes. Experimentally, it is not feasible to image such a high number of particles with full granular detail. A second challenge is that sufficiently high-resolution 3D imaging techniques remain expensive and are sparsely available at research institutions. Here, we present a stereological generative adversarial network-based model fitting approach to tackle this, that generates representative 3D information from 2D data, enabling characterization of materials in 3D using cost-effective 2D data. Once calibrated, this multi-scale model can rapidly generate virtual cathode particles that are statistically similar to experimental data, and thus is suitable for virtual characterization and materials testing through numerical simulations. A large dataset of simulated particles with inner grain architecture has been made publicly available.
PlomBOX: a low cost bioassay for the sensitive detection of lead in drinking water
Authors: Dias A. , Alvarez M. , Gándola Y. , Deisting A. , Alba Posse E. , Arnaldi H. , Asorey H. , Bertou X. , Colque A. , Favela-Pérez F. , Gasulla J. , Gómez Berisso M. , Guerra-Pulido J. O. , Lipovetzky J. , Lobera J. , Lovino M. B. , Marpegan L. , Martín D. , Mejía Muñoz S. , Monroe J. , Nadra A. D. , Pregliasco R. , Rumi G. , Rossen A. , Tallis M. , Thompson A. , Triana M. , Vazquez Miranda M. L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper reports the design of a biosensor for sensitive, low-cost measurement of lead in drinking water. The biosensor uses a genetically-modified strain of Escherichia coli, which serves as both signal amplifier and reporter of lead in water, measured via colour change. We developed the PlomBOX measurement platform to image this colour change and we demonstrate its capability to detect concentrations as low as the World Health Organisation upper limit for drinking water of 10 ppb. Our approach does not require expensive infrastructure or expert operators, and its automated sensing, detection and result visualisation platform is user-friendly and robust compared to existing lead biosensors—critical features to enable measurement by non-experts at the point of use.
AlGaN/AlN heterostructures: an emerging platform for integrated photonics
Authors: Gündoğdu Sinan , Pazzagli Sofia , Pregnolato Tommaso , Kolbe Tim , Hagedorn Sylvia , Weyers Markus , Schröder Tim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe introduce a novel material for integrated photonics and investigate aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) on aluminum nitride (AlN) templates as a platform for developing reconfigurable and on-chip nonlinear optical devices. AlGaN combines compatibility with standard photonic fabrication technologies and high electro-optic modulation capabilities with low loss over a broad spectral range, from UVC to long-wave infrared, making it a viable material for complex photonic applications. In this work, we design and grow AlGaN/AlN heterostructures and integrate several photonic components. In particular, we fabricate edge couplers, low-loss waveguides, directional couplers, and tunable high-quality factor ring resonators. These devices will enable nonlinear light-matter interaction and quantum functionality. The comprehensive platform we present in this work paves the way for photon-pair generation applications, on-chip quantum frequency conversion, and fast electro-optic modulation for switching and routing classical and quantum light fields.
MMSE‐based passive beamforming for reconfigurable intelligent surface aided millimeter wave MIMO
Authors: Gautam Prabhat Raj , Zhang Li , Fan Pingzhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as propitious solution to configure random wireless channel into suitable propagation environment by adjusting a large number of low‐cost passive reflecting elements. It is considered that narrowband downlink millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communication is aided by deploying an RIS. Large antenna arrays are used to counter the huge propagation loss suffered by the mmWave signals. Hybrid precoding in which precoding is performed in digital and analog domains is employed to reduce the number of costly and power‐consuming radio frequency (RF) chains. Passive beamforming at RIS is designed together with precoder and combiner through joint optimization problem to minimize the mean square error between the transmit signal and the estimate of signal at the receiver. The optimization problem is solved by an iterative procedure in which solution to the non‐convex reflecting coefficients design problem is approximated by extracting the phases of the solution to unconstrained problem without unit amplitude constraint of the reflecting elements. It is shown that the proposed design principle also applies to the wideband channel. Simulation results show that the proposed design delivers performance better than existing state‐of‐the‐art solutions, but at lower complexity.
Digital shadow of an electric vehicle‐permanent magnet synchronous motor drive for real‐time performance monitoring
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud , Rjabtšikov Viktor , Rassõlkin Anton 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDigital twin (DT) technology has been utilised in many applications including electric vehicles (EVs). A DT is a virtual representation of a physical object, enabled through real‐time data integration, simulation, and optimisation tools. Unlike conventional simulations, which are typically offline and lack real‐time interaction, a DT continuously synchronises with the physical system, enabling dynamic performance monitoring and predictive analytics. Achieving a full DT involves progressive stages, with the digital shadow (DS) being the final step before realising a bidirectional DT. Building a DS provides a scalable real‐time performance monitoring and fault detection framework, enabling proactive decision‐making in EV operations. This study introduces a DS system specifically designed to monitor the performance of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system in EVs, marking a critical phase towards a complete DT. The methodology for creating the DS is detailed, including the establishment of a comprehensive test bench for the EV powertrain as the physical reference model. The mathematical model of the EV‐PMSM was formulated, and an advanced estimation model utilising the extended Kalman filter (EKF) was implemented. MATLAB/Simulink was employed to develop the motor’s digital model. Real‐time data acquisition from the physical model was facilitated through a data acquisition system (DAS) equipped with a controller area network (CAN) communication interface. The digital model underwent thorough validation against sensory data collected from the test bench. The motor digital model was deployed to a DS framework enabled through real‐time data flow from the actual EV during real‐world driving conditions. The results demonstrated a high accuracy of 97% between the DS predictions and the corresponding EV data, confirming the DS’s reliability. These findings pave the way for future advancements, including bidirectional interaction and the realisation of a full DT.
Identification of optical fibres in a passive optical network using highly temperature insensitive filters and reflectors
Authors: Bally Stephanie R. , Horsley Ian E. , Minoughan Sophie , Poustie Alistair J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe authors demonstrate the use of highly temperature insensitive dense wavelength division multiplexing filters combined with optical reflectors and optical time domain reflectometry to uniquely identify specific optical fibres beyond the optical splitter in an optical access passive optical network (PON). The very low wavelength shift (∼0.1 pm/°C) of the filters over the full industrial temperature range facilitates the future field deployment of these components in the PON without the requirement for complex and expensive wavelength tracking at the optical line terminal.
Delay‐dependent small‐signal stability analysis of inverter‐based islanded microgrids
Authors: Hassan Chaudhry Talha , Mahmood Jadoon Tariq , Arif Anmar 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe stability of an inverter‐based hierarchical microgrid is challenged by inverter controls, network dynamics, load models and communication delays among the interacting agents. Moreover, the adoption of non‐dispatchable grid‐following (GFL) inverters further lowers the system inertia in islanded Microgrids (MGs). Therefore, both grid‐forming (GFM) and GFL inverters shall coordinate to perform frequency/voltage regulation through their grid‐support function. This paper investigates the role of GFM‐GFL coordination on the operational stability of real‐world Microgrids (MGs) with communication delays. A complete non‐linear state‐space model is derived for the MG. The time‐delayed system model is discretised in a system of ordinary differential equations to determine delay margins using spectral analysis. Later, the same model is linearised around an operating point to determine delay margins using time‐domain analysis. The equilibrium point is disturbed by load perturbation and the system response is observed for different values of communication delays and control topology. The delay margins estimated theoretically are validated using the time‐domain simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results are compared to determine the efficacy of grid‐support function in improving operational stability of islanded MGs. The developed evaluation scheme is tested on a multi‐inverter islanded power system.
Full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface and dynamics for the unimolecular isomerization reaction CH3NC ⇌ CH3CN
Authors: Li Junlong , Li Junhong , Li Jun 
Published: January 2025

The reaction CH3NC ⇌ CH3CN, a model reaction for the study of unimolecular isomerization, is important in astronomy and atmospheric chemistry and has long been studied by numerous experiments and theories. In this work, we report the first full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface (PES) of this reaction by the permutation invariant polynomial-neural network method based on 30 974 points, whose energies are calculated at the CCSD(T)-F12a/AVTZ level. Then, ring polymer molecular dynamics is used to derive the free energy barrier of the reaction at the experimental temperature range of 472.55–532.92 K. Reaction kinetics are studied at the high-pressure limit and in the fall-off region by standard transition state theory and the master equation, respectively. The calculated temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients are in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical results. Furthermore, quasi-classical trajectory simulations are performed on this PES to study the intramolecular energy transfer dynamics at initial vibrational energies of 4.336, 5.204, and 6.505 eV.
The (anti-)political logic of authoritarian institutionalism
Authors: Kim Seongcheol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper develops the concept of authoritarian institutionalism — understood as a combination of
authoritarianism as a form of discursive closure and institutionalism as a non-antagonistic construction of social relations
following the logic of difference based on Laclau’s theory — which can yield insights from a discursive angle into the workings of
“competitive authoritarian” regimes characterized by formally multi-party systems. Based on these considerations, the paper
undertakes a periodization of party politics in Russia since 1993, which presents a useful case for probing the boundaries of
authoritarian institutionalism given the regime-engineered dynamics of party competition since the days of so-called “managed
democracy.” In applying the discourse-theoretical toolkit of difference/equivalence, the analysis identifies two phases of
authoritarian consolidation since 2000 that have expanded the authoritarian dimension while curtailing the institutionalist
operation of difference in the party system, raising the question of a “GDR-ization” of party politics since Russia’s full-scale
invasion of Ukraine.
Probing the Néel order in altermagnetic RuO2 films by X-ray magnetic linear dichroism
Authors: Zhang Yi-Chi , Bai Hua , Chen Chong , Han Lei , Liang Shi-Xuan , Chu Rui-Yue , Dai Jian-Kun , Pan Feng , Song Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The emerging altermagnetic RuO2 with both compensated magnetic moments and broken time-reversal symmetry possesses nontrivial magneto-electronic responses and nonrelativistic spin currents, which are closely related to magnetic easy axis. To probe the Néel order in RuO2, we conducted Ru M
3-edge X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) measurement. For epitaxial RuO2 films, characteristic XMLD signals can be observed in either RuO2(100) and RuO2(110) at normal incidence or RuO2(001) at oblique incidence, and the signals disappear when test temperature exceeds Néel temperature. For nonepitaxial RuO2 films, the flat lines in the XMLD patterns of RuO2(100) and RuO2(110) demonstrate that there is no in-plane uniaxial alignment of Néel order in these samples, due to the counterbalanced Néel order of the twin crystals evidenced by X-ray diffraction phi-scan measurements. Our experimental results unambiguously demonstrate the antiferromagnetism in RuO2 films and reveal the spatial relation of Néel order to be parallel with RuO2 [001] crystalline axis. These research findings would deepen our understanding of RuO2 and other attractive altermagnetic materials applied in the field of spintronics.