bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol of systematic reviews on implementation research on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and mental ailments in India
Authors: Moosan Hisham , Thakor Mahendra , Sharma Arun Kumar , Mohanty S. S. , Panigrahi Ansuman , Dhikav Vikas , Yadav Suresh , Huda Ramesh Kumar , Parmar Mukesh , Singh Poonam , John Denny 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a major public health concern across the world. Various initiatives have tried to address these with varying degrees of success. Objective: The objective is to assess and collate existing evidence in implementation research done in India on three broad domains of NCDs namely, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and mental health (MH) in India. Materials and methods: Three systematic review protocols have been drafted to explore and collate extant evidence of implementation research on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and mental health in India, in accordance with the PRISMA-P statement. Academic databases including PubMed, Embase and Science Direct will be searched. Search strategies will be formulated in iterative processes and in accordance with the formats that are specific to the databases that will be searched. In addition, grey literature and non-academic databases will also be explored. Data extracted from the selected studies will be analysed and a narrative summary of the selected articles, using the SWiM (Synthesis without meta-analysis) guidelines will be produced. Intended Outcomes: The outputs of these systematic reviews could help in a better understanding of implementation research gaps and also how to address them. Apart from giving insights into how healthcare initiatives for CVDs, diabetes and mental health could be implemented in a better way, the study could also advocate the need to build and consolidate capacity for implementation research in the country.
Age-specific incidence of need for long-term care for men and women in Germany 2015: Cross-sectional study comprising 82 million people
Authors: Haß Luisa , Tulka Sabrina , Tönnies Thaddäus , Hoyer Annika , Palm Rebecca , Knippschild Stephanie , Brinks Ralph 
Published: January 2023

Background: With the growing number of older people, the number of people in need of long-term care is increasing, too. Official statistics only report on the age-specific prevalence of long-term care. Therefore, there is no data on the age- and sex-specific incidence of the need for care at the population level for Germany available. Methods: Analytical relationships between age-specific prevalence, incidence rate, remission rate, all-cause mortality, and mortality rate ratio are used to estimate the age-specific incidence of long-term care among men and women in 2015. The data is based on the official prevalence data from the nursing care statistics for the years 2011 to 2019 and official mortality rates from the Federal Statistical Office. For Germany, there is no data on the mortality rate ratio of people with and without a need for care, which is why we use two extreme scenarios that were obtained in a systematic literature search to estimate the incidence. Results: The age-specific incidence is about 1 per 1000 person-years (PY) in men and women at the age of 50 and increases exponentially up to the age of 90. Up to about the age of 60, men have a higher incidence rate than women. Thereafter, women have a higher incidence. At the age of 90, women and men have an incidence rate of 145 to 200 and 94 to 153 per 1000 PY, respectively, depending on the scenario. Conclusion: We estimated the age-specific incidence of the need for long-term care for women and men in Germany for the first time. We observed a strong increase, leading to a huge number of people in need of long-term care in higher age groups. It is to be expected that this will result in an increased economic burden and a further increased need for nursing and medical staff.
A psychological symptom based machine learning model for clinical evaluation of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Haleem Noman , Lundervold Astri J. , Lied Gülen Arslan , Hillestad Eline Margrete Randulff , Bjorkevoll Maja , Bjørsvik Ben René , Teige Erica Sande , Brønstad Ingeborg , Steinsvik Elisabeth Kjelsvik , Nagaraja Bharath Halandur , Hausken Trygve , Berentsen Birgitte , Lundervold Arvid 
Published: January 2023

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with alterations in stool form and/or stool frequency. Co-morbidities such as anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia are frequently reported by patients suffering from IBS. Identification of these symptoms should thus be an integral part of an IBS assessment. However, an optimal tool to screen for core psychological symptoms in IBS is still missing. Here, we aim to develop a psychological symptom based machine learning model to efficiently help clinicians to identify patients suffering from IBS. Methods: We developed a machine learning workflow to select the most significant psychological features associated with IBS in a dataset including 49 patients with IBS and 35 healthy controls. These features were used to train three different types of machine learning models: logistic regression, decision trees and support vector machine classifiers; which were validated on a holdout validation dataset and an unseen test set. The performance of these models was compared in terms of balanced accuracy scores. Results: A logistic regression model including a combination of symptom features associated with anxiety and fatigue resulted in a balanced accuracy score of 0.93 (0.81-1.0) on unseen test data and outperformed the other comparable models. The same model correctly identified all patients with IBS in a test set (recall score 1) and misclassified one non-IBS subject (precision score 0.91). A complementary post-hoc leave-one-out cross validation analysis including the same symptom features showed similar, but slightly inferior results (balanced accuracy 0.84, recall 0.88, precision 0.86). Conclusions: Inclusion of machine learning based psychological evaluation can complement and improve existing clinical procedure for diagnosis of IBS.
Constrained Information Design
Authors: Doval Laura , Skreta Vasiliki 
Published: January 2023

We provide tools to analyze information design problems subject to constraints. We do so by extending an insight by Le Treust and Tomala to the case of multiple inequality and equality constraints. Namely, that an information design problem subject to constraints can be represented as an unconstrained information design problem with additional states, one for each constraint. Thus, without loss of generality, optimal solutions induce as many posteriors as the number of states and constraints. We provide results that refine this upper bound. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which there is no duality gap in constrained information design, thus validating a Lagrangian approach. We illustrate our results with applications to mechanism design with limited commitment and persuasion of a privately informed receiver. Funding: L. Doval acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation through [Grant SES-2131706]. V. Skreta acknowledges the support from the National Science Foundation through [Grant SES-1851729] and from the European Research Council (ERC) through consolidator [Grant 682417]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2022.1346 .
Views of Speech-Language Pathologists on Telepractice for Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Douglas Sarah N. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Snodgrass Melinda R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTelepractice has become increasingly utilized in disability services, particularly with recent and ongoing measures to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). In this study, 361 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) responded to a national, web-based survey about their views on utilizing telepractice with children aged 3 to 21 who used aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), such as picture symbols or speech-generating devices. The views of SLPs varied, and SLPs who received training on AAC telepractice within the last 12 months had more positive views about telepractice than those who did not. Several factors were associated with when and how SLPs thought telepractice was beneficial to serve children who use aided AAC, including SLPs' foundational perspectives about telepractice, service delivery options, considerations related to the child and family, and broader resources and constraints.
Mental Health Concerns in Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Improving Mental Health Literacy Trainings for Caregivers
Authors: Aller Ty B. , Russo Raechel B. , Kelley Heather H. , Bates Lexi , Fauth Elizabeth B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough approximately a third of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) also experience a mental health concern, caregivers often miss early identification of these issues. In this perspective piece, we present an outline for a mental health literacy program that can enhance existing training approaches for caregivers of individuals with IDD. We describe three processes of the Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy (MHAA) curriculum and detail how it provides a strong preventative model to train caregivers to increase their mental health literacy. In describing these processes, we provide illustrative examples and conclude by providing a brief vignette that highlights how this process could be used by caregivers to help reduce mental health concerns in individuals with IDD.
High-performance thin-film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator based on etching slot and ultrathin silicon film
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Yin , Zhang Bo , Dong Yue , Ni Yi 
Published: January 2023

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an indispensable component to connect the electric and optical fields. Here, we propose a high-performance, thin-film lithium niobate-based EOM, where the modulation waveguide is formed by an etching slot on the lithium niobate film and the deposit of an ultrathin silicon film in the slot region. Therefore, a small mode size and high mode energy can be simultaneously achieved in the LN region with a high EO coefficient, which will be beneficial to increase the EO overlap and gradually decrease in the mode size. Further, we employed a waveguide structure to construct a typical Mach–Zehnder interference-type EOM. According to the requirements of high-speed traveling wave modulation, we conduct the index matching, impedance matching, and low-loss operation. From the results, the key half-wave voltage length product and 3 dB modulation bandwidth are, respectively, 1.45 V cm and 119 GHz in a modulation length of 4 mm. Moreover, a larger 3 dB bandwidth also can be achieved by shortening the modulation length. Therefore, we believe the proposed waveguide structure and EOM will provide new ways to enhance the performance of LNOI-based EOMs.
Identification of the area sampled by traps: A modelling study with tsetse
Authors: Vale Glyn A. , Hargrove John W. , Torr Steve J. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Sampling with traps provides the most common means of investigating the abundance, composition and condition of tsetse populations. It is thus important to know the size of the area from which the samples originate, but that topic is poorly understood.

Methods and principal findings
The topic was clarified with the aid of a simple deterministic model of the mobility, births and deaths of tsetse. The model assessed how the sampled area changed according to variations in the numbers, arrangement and catching efficiency of traps deployed for different periods in a large block of homogeneous habitat subject to different levels of fly mortality. The greatest impacts on the size of the sampled area are produced by the flies’ mean daily step length and the duration of trapping. There is little effect of trap type. The daily death rate of adult flies is unimportant unless tsetse control measures increase the mortality several times above the low natural rates.

Conclusions
Formulae for predicting the probability that any given captured fly originated from various areas around the trap are produced. Using a mean daily step length (d) of 395m, typical of a savannah species of tsetse, any fly caught by a single trap in a 5-day trapping period could be regarded, with roughly 95% confidence, as originating from within a distance of 1.3km of the trap that is from an area of 5.3km2.
Comparative membrane incorporation of omega-3 fish oil triglyceride preparations differing by degree of re-esterification: A sixteen-week randomized intervention trial
Authors: Minton Scott T. , Almada Anthony L. , Evans Joseph L. , Laidlaw Maggie , Opheim Joar 
Published: January 2023

Background
Fish oil is routinely concentrated into unmodified triglycerides, or trans-esterified into an ethyl ester form. Re-esterification of the ethyl ester form yields re-esterified triglycerides (rTG), which are reportedly more bioavailable than ethyl ester forms. However, the fidelity of the re-esterification process may yield variable triglyceride forms, with only 55–60% being rTG.

Objective
To determine whether the blood lipidomic response to supplementation with two rTG supplements, varying by degree of re-esterification, would differ between treatments.

Design
This was a double-blind, parallel-design, single-center, 128-day study with sixty young, healthy subjects randomized into two groups. One group received a >95% rTG (Ultimate Omega®), as 1,000 mg capsules containing 325 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 225 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the other received a <70% rTG (MEG-3) as 1,000 mg capsules containing 300 mg EPA and 200 mg DHA. Total intake was 2,750 and 2,500 mg EPA+DHA for the Ultimate Omega® and MEG-3 groups, respectively, with blood drawn at 4, 16 and 24 weeks and analyzed for serum and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content.

Results
For erythrocyte PLFA profiles, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA percentage of total erythrocyte PLFA were significantly greater for the Ultimate Omega® group than for the MEG-3 group, at week 16 (P < 0.05), as were the EPA:arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, DHA:AA ratio and EPA+DHA:AA ratio. For serum PLFA profiles, increases in EPA:AA ratio and EPA+DHA:AA ratio were significantly greater at week 4 in the Ultimate Omega® group compared to the MEG-3 group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These data suggest that the percentage of rTG in rTG fish oil preparations may evolve as a new chemoprofile/quality control marker that can influence its lipidomic pharmacodynamics. Additional investigations to assess the physiologic/vascular and metabolic/inflammasome responses to concentrated fish oil preparations differing in the percentage of rTG are warranted.
Assessing the risks of treatment in Parkinson disease psychosis: An in-depth analysis
Authors: Longardner Katherine , Wright Brenton A. , Alakkas Aljoharah , You Hyeri , Xu Ronghui , Liu Lin , Nahab Fatta B. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Parkinson disease (PD) psychosis (PDP) is a disabling non-motor symptom. Pharmacologic treatment is limited to pimavanserin, quetiapine, and clozapine, which do not worsen parkinsonism. A Food and Drug Administration black box warning exists for antipsychotics, suggesting increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia. However, the reasons for higher mortality are unknown.

Aim
Expanding on prior work exploring mortality in treated PDP patients, we conducted a retrospective comparison to understand the links between treatment regimen, clinical characteristics, and negative outcomes.

Methods
Electronic medical record data extraction included clinically diagnosed PD patients between 4/29/16-4/29/19 and excluded patients with primary psychiatric diagnoses or atypical parkinsonism. Mortality and clinical characteristics during the study period were compared between untreated patients and those receiving pimavanserin, quetiapine, or both agents (combination). Mortality analyses were adjusted for age, sex, levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD), and dementia.

Results
The pimavanserin group (n = 34) had lower mortality than the untreated group (n = 66) (odds ratio = 0.171, 95% confidence interval: 0.025–0.676, p = 0.026). The untreated group had similar mortality compared to the quetiapine (n = 147) and combination (n = 68) groups. All treated groups had a higher LEDD compared to the untreated group, but no other differences in demographics, hospitalizations, medical comorbidities, medications, or laboratory values were found between the untreated and treated groups.

Conclusions
PDP patients receiving pimavanserin had lower mortality than untreated patients. We found no other clear differences in clinical characteristics to explain the mortality risk. Prospective randomized trials are needed to definitively identify the optimal PDP treatment regimen and associated risks.
Optimising fundoscopy practices across the medical spectrum: A focus group study
Authors: Dunn Hamish P. , Kang Christine J. , Marks Samuel , Dunn Stewart M. , Healey Paul R. , White Andrew J. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Fundoscopy can be of great clinical value, yet remains underutilised. Educational attempts to improve fundoscopy utilisation have had limited success. We aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators underlying the uptake of clinical direct ophthalmoscopy across a spectrum of medical specialties and training levels.

Methods
Ten focus groups were conducted with medical students (n = 42), emergency department doctors (n = 24), basic physician trainees (n = 7), hospital physicians (n = 6) and general practitioners (n = 7). Independent thematic analysis of transcripts was conducted by three investigators. A consensus thematic framework was developed, and transcripts were reanalysed using this framework.

Results
Thematic analysis identified seven main themes: (1) technical barriers to performing fundoscopy examinations; (2) clinical culture and expectations regarding fundoscopy; (3) the influence of fundoscopy on clinical management; (4) motivation to perform the examination; (5) novel technology including smartphone fundoscopy, and the value of a digital fundus image; (6) training requirements, and; (7) use of limited resources.

Conclusion
Our results build a more nuanced picture of the factors which determine fundoscopy utilisation. As current barriers limit practice by clinicians and medical students, expertise and confidence performing and interpreting fundoscopy are lost. This shifts the balance of perceived clinical utility to futility in changing patient management, and reinforces a cycle of reducing fundoscopy utilisation. We identified important cultural barriers such as accepted incompetence, and misperceptions of senior discouragement. Emerging technologies reduce the technical barriers to fundoscopy. Therefore education should: focus on detecting pathology from digital images; clarify the role of fundoscopy in patient management, and; be targeted at key career progression points.
What percentage of patients with cancer develop hiccups with oxaliplatin- or cisplatin-based chemotherapy? a compilation of patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Ehret Christopher , Martin Nichole A. , Jatoi Aminah 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced hiccups are understudied but can cause sleep deprivation, fatigue, pain in the chest and abdomen, poor oral intake, aspiration, and even death. As a critical next step toward investigating better palliative methods, this study reported patient-reported incidence of hiccups after oxaliplatin- or cisplatin-based chemotherapy.MethodsThe current study relied on 2 previous studies that sought to acquire consecutive direct patient report of hiccups among patients who had recently received chemotherapy with cisplatin or oxaliplatin. These patient-reported data in conjunction with information from the medical record are the focus of this report.ResultsOf 541 patients, 337 were successful contacted by phone; and 95 (28%; 95% CI: 23%, 33%) of these contacted patients reported hiccups. In univariable analyses, male gender (odds ratio (OR): 2.17 (95% confidence ratio (95% CI): 1.30, 3.62); p = 0.002), increased height (OR: 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.06); p = 0.02), and concomitant aprepitant/fosaprepitant (OR: 2.23 (95% CI: 1.31, 3.78); p = 0.002) were associated with hiccups. In multivariable analyses, these statistically significant associations persisted except for height.ConclusionsThese patient-reported data demonstrate that oxaliplatin- or cisplatin-induced hiccups occur in a notable proportion of patients with cancer. Male gender and concomitant aprepitant/fosaprepitant appear to increase risk.
Disease burden among migrants in Morocco in 2021: A cross‑sectional study
Authors: Essayagh Firdaous , Essayagh Touria , Essayagh Meriem , Khouchoua Mohammed , Lemriss Hajar , Rattal Mourad , Bukassa Germain , Essayagh Sanah 
Published: January 2023

Background
Morocco, traditionally an emigration country, has evolved into not only a transit country to Europe but also a country of residence for an increasing number of migrants, with 102,400 migrants in 2019. This is due to its geographic location, the induced effects of its "African policy," and the various laws adopted by Moroccan legislators in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of communicable and noncommunicable diseases among migrants such as Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), diabetes, and hypertension.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Oujda, Morocco, between November and December 2021. Face-to-face interviews with enrolled migrants aged 18 years and over, present in Oujda and attending an association, were carried out to collect socio-demographic data, lifestyle behaviors, and clinical parameters. Diabetes and hypertension were the primary outcomes. The Pearson’s chi-squared test and the student’s t-test were used to assess the bivariate associations between primary outcomes and categorical and continuous variables. In a multivariate model, we adjusted for predictors that were significant (p-value ≤0.05) in bivariate analysis to estimate Adjusted Odd Ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
There were 495 migrants enrolled, with a male/female ratio of two and an average age of 27.3±11.5 years (mean±standard deviation), ranging from 18 to 76 years. Hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, diabetes, and hypertension were found in 1%, 0.2%, 3.8%, and 27.7% of the population, respectively. Family history of diabetes was a risk factor for diabetes in the Oujda migrant population, with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 5.36; CI% [1.23–23.28]. Age (AOR of 1.1; CI% [1.06–1.13]) and African origin (AOR of 3.07; CI% [1.06–8.92]) were identified as risk factors for hypertension.

Conclusion
Migrants in Oujda are healthy. The high prevalence of hypertension, as well as the presence of HCV and HIV positive cases, emphasizes the importance of routine screening for hypertension, HCV, and HIV in order to detect and treat these diseases as early as possible.