bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics and environmental determinants of scrub typhus in Anhui Province, China, 2010–2020
Authors: Wei Xianyu , He Junyu , Yin Wenwu , Soares Magalhaes Ricardo J. , Wang Yanding , Xu Yuanyong , Wen Liang , Sun Yehuan , Zhang Wenyi , Sun Hailong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus, detect the spatio-temporal patterns of scrub typhus at county level, and explore the associations between the environmental variables and scrub typhus cases in Anhui Province. Time-series analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and space–time scan statistics were used to explore the characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of the scrub typhus in Anhui Province. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to explore the association between scrub typhus and environmental variables. A total of 16,568 clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases were reported from 104 counties of 16 prefecture-level cities. The number of female cases was higher than male cases, with a proportion of 1.32:1. And the proportion of cases over 65 years old was the highest, accounting for 33.8% of the total cases. Two primary and five secondary high-risk clusters were detected in the northwestern, northeastern, and central-eastern parts of Anhui Province. The number of cases in primary and secondary high-risk clusters accounted for 60.27% and 3.00%, respectively. Scrub typhus incidence in Anhui Province was positively correlated with the population density, normalized difference vegetation index, and several meteorological variables. The mean monthly sunshine duration with 3 lags (SSD_lag3), mean monthly ground surface temperature with 1 lag (GST_lag1), and mean monthly relative humidity with 3 lags (RHU_lag3) had the most significant association with increased cases of scrub typhus. Our findings indicate that public health interventions need to be focused on the elderly farmers in north of the Huai River in Anhui Province.
Hedonism as a motive for information search: biased information-seeking leads to biased beliefs
Authors: Jiwa Matthew , Cooper Patrick S. , Chong Trevor T-J. , Bode Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractConfirmation bias in information-search contributes to the formation of polarized echo-chambers of beliefs. However, the role of valence on information source selection remains poorly understood. In Experiment 1, participants won financial rewards depending on the outcomes of a set of lotteries. They were not shown these outcomes, but instead could choose to view a prediction of each lottery outcome made by one of two sources. Before choosing their favoured source, participants were first shown a series of example predictions made by each. The sources systematically varied in the accuracy and positivity (i.e., how often they predicted a win) of their predictions. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling indicated that both source accuracy and positivity impacted participants’ choices. Importantly, those that viewed more positively-biased information believed that they had won more often and had higher confidence in those beliefs. In Experiment 2, we directly assessed the effect of positivity on the perceived credibility of a source. In each trial, participants watched a single source making a series of predictions of lottery outcomes and rated the strength of their beliefs in each source. Interestingly, positively-biased sources were not seen as more credible. Together, these findings suggest that positively-biased information is sought partly due to the desirable emotional state it induces rather than having enhanced perceived credibility. Information sought on this basis nevertheless produced consequential biased beliefs about the world-state, highlighting a potentially key role for hedonic preferences in information selection and subsequent belief formation.
Range-wide whole-genome resequencing of the brown bear reveals drivers of intraspecies divergence
Authors: de Jong Menno J. , Niamir Aidin , Wolf Magnus , Kitchener Andrew C. , Lecomte Nicolas , Seryodkin Ivan V. , Fain Steven R. , Hagen Snorre B. , Saarma Urmas , Janke Axel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPopulation-genomic studies can shed new light on the effect of past demographic processes on contemporary population structure. We reassessed phylogeographical patterns of a classic model species of postglacial recolonisation, the brown bear (Ursus arctos), using a range-wide resequencing dataset of 128 nuclear genomes. In sharp contrast to the erratic geographical distribution of mtDNA and Y-chromosomal haplotypes, autosomal and X-chromosomal multi-locus datasets indicate that brown bear population structure is largely explained by recent population connectivity. Multispecies coalescent based analyses reveal cases where mtDNA haplotype sharing between distant populations, such as between Iberian and southern Scandinavian bears, likely results from incomplete lineage sorting, not from ancestral population structure (i.e., postglacial recolonisation). However, we also argue, using forward-in-time simulations, that gene flow and recombination can rapidly erase genomic evidence of former population structure (such as an ancestral population in Beringia), while this signal is retained by Y-chromosomal and mtDNA, albeit likely distorted. We further suggest that if gene flow is male-mediated, the information loss proceeds faster in autosomes than in X chromosomes. Our findings emphasise that contemporary autosomal genetic structure may reflect recent population dynamics rather than postglacial recolonisation routes, which could contribute to mtDNA and Y-chromosomal discordances.
Observation of long-range orbital transport and giant orbital torque
Authors: Hayashi Hiroki , Jo Daegeun , Go Dongwook , Gao Tenghua , Haku Satoshi , Mokrousov Yuriy , Lee Hyun-Woo , Ando Kazuya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern spintronics relies on the generation of spin currents through spin-orbit coupling. The spin-current generation has been believed to be triggered by current-induced orbital dynamics, which governs the angular momentum transfer from the lattice to the electrons in solids. The fundamental role of the orbital response in the angular momentum dynamics suggests the importance of the orbital counterpart of spin currents: orbital currents. However, evidence for its existence has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate the generation of giant orbital currents and uncover fundamental features of the orbital response. We experimentally and theoretically show that orbital currents propagate over longer distances than spin currents by more than an order of magnitude in a ferromagnet and nonmagnets. Furthermore, we find that the orbital current enables electric manipulation of magnetization with efficiencies significantly higher than the spin counterpart. These findings open the door to orbitronics that exploits orbital transport and spin-orbital coupled dynamics in solid-state devices.
Surrénalectomies
Authors: Valin Isabelle , Rosenberg Dan 
Published: February 2023

La surrénalectomie est une intervention qui consiste à retirer une ou les deux surrénales lors de la sécrétion anormale d’une des trois hormones physiologiquement produites par ces glandes. Le diagnostic médical doit permettre de déterminer si la dérive concerne la sécrétion de cortisol (syndrome de Cushing), d’adrénaline (phéochromocytome) ou d’aldostérone (hyperaldostéronisme). Cette détermination médicale permet de préparer l’animal en amont de l’acte chirurgical (trilostane, alpha-bloquants, potassium) pour l’emmener au bloc opératoire dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Le scanner est l’imagerie de choix qui permet de déterminer la faisabilité et les risques chirurgicaux engagés.
L’acte chirurgical consiste en une dissection soignée de la tumeur en épargnant les vaisseaux majeurs et, si possible, en respectant sa capsule. La veine cave caudale est régulièrement embolisée par un thrombus tumoral au travers de la veine phrénico-abdominale qui draine la glande. L’équipe chirurgicale et anesthésique doit être préparée à son extraction par contrôle du débit sanguin dans la veine cave caudale, incision et suture de celle-ci.
Dépassées les complications per- et postopératoires (complications hémorragiques, troubles cardiovasculaires et thrombo-emboliques, pancréatite), la surrénalectomie, quand elle est techniquement possible au moment du diagnostic, est la prise en charge optimum en termes de qualité de vie et de longévité lors de tumeur surrénalienne.
Les affections surrénaliennes chez le furet
Authors: Volait-Rosset Laetitia 
Published: February 2023

La maladie surrénalienne est la dysendocrinie la plus fréquente après l’insulinome chez le furet âgé. Elle est provoquée par une production disproportionnée de stéroïdes sexuels causée par une hyperplasie ou une tumeur de la glande surrénale, sous l’effet d’une abondance anormale de gonadotropines.
Les facteurs favorisants de cette maladie endocrinienne sont multifactoriels. La gonadectomie semble être le facteur de risque prépondérant, annihilant le rétrocontrôle négatif des hormones sexuelles gonadiques sur l’axe hypothalamo-hypophysaire. Les patients sont des furets âgés castrés, souvent présentés avec une alopécie symétrique, un retour de l’odeur musquée, un comportement sexuel exacerbé, des troubles uro-génitaux et une perte de poids. La réalisation d’une échographie abdominale peut identifier une adrénomégalie, des modifications structurales de la glande surrénale et des maladies concomitantes. Un bilan hormonal peut aussi révéler une élévation significative des hormones sexuelles.
Le traitement consiste en une approche médico-chirurgicale. L’administration d’agonistes de la GnRH permet de contrôler les signes cliniques tandis que la surrénalectomie constitue le traitement curatif. L’analyse histologique est essentielle pour confirmer la nature tumorale de la glande surrénale. Le pronostic est réservé à sombre et dépend de multiples facteurs. D’autres pathologies d’origine surrénalienne existent chez le furet mais restent rares.
Comparison of bone marrow biopsy and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography for the assessment of bone marrow infiltration in children with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Arslantaş Esra , Ayçiçek Ali , Akıcı Ferhan , Özkara Selvinaz , Yılmaz Burçak , Özdemir Nihal , Bayram Cengiz 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose To compare bone marrow biopsy (BMB) with [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in the demonstration of bone marrow involvement in children with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) and to investigate the effectiveness of PET/CT imaging and thus the necessity for BMB at staging.
Methods Pediatric patients with HL, who underwent both bilateral iliac BMB and PET/CT imaging at disease staging were retrospectively analyzed. In determining bone marrow involvement (BMinv), BMB and/or first/follow-up PET/CT imaging were eligible for review.
Results Fifty-six patients were included. BMinv was detected by PET/CT imaging in 6/56 (10.7%), whereas the proportion was 3/56 (5.3%) in BMB specimens. Bone marrow biopsies and PET/CT images were concordant in 53/56 (94.6%) patients with BMB specimens missing three cases of BMinv detected by PET/CT. When diagnostic accuracy was calculated, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values for PET/CT were 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, respectively, and the same values for BMB were 50%, 100%, 100%, 94.3%, respectively.
Conclusions The results of PET/CT and BMB for staging of pediatric HL patients were compatible, and PET/CT imaging was found to provide high diagnostic performance in determining BMinv. In keeping with earlier research, the current study showed that BMB may not be necessary in every patient at staging, and should be reserved for cases where PET/CT is inconclusive.
Von Wunsch und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Roßius Sabrina , Reimer Ann-Christin 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIn wenigen Berufen findet Management so nebenbei statt wie in der Pflege. In der berühmten Sandwichposition müssen Kollegen im Pflegemanagement jedoch mit einer Menge teils widersprüchlicher Anforderungen jonglieren.
Prognostic Factors for Survival in Patients with Carcinoma Endometrium
Authors: Prakasan Aparna Mullangath , Dhas Minolin , Jagathnathkrishna Krishnapillai M. , Kumar Aswin , Mathews Susan , Joseph John , Sambasivan Suchetha , James Francis V. 
Published: February 2023

Objective The study aimed to see the clinical outcome and to identify prognostic factors for survival in patients with carcinoma endometrium.
Methods Patients registered at Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, with carcinoma endometrium from January 2009 to December 2013 were identified from hospital registry. Data regarding patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment schedules, and follow-up were collected using a structured proforma. Survival estimates were generated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate analysis was done using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model was performed to determine the impact of prognostic factors on outcome. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 11.
Results The median follow-up of the 686 patients was 95 months (range 3–178 months).There were 432 stage 1 (63%), 100 stage II (14.6%), 108 stage III (15.7%), and 46 stage IV patients (6.7%). The 5-year overall survival was 89.2%. Prognostic factors for survival on univariate analysis were age 60 years or older, nonendometrioid histology, high-grade tumor, cervical stromal involvement, para-aortic node involvement, negative progesterone receptor expression, deep myometrial invasion advanced stage, surgery versus no surgery, serosal involvement, and ovarian and fallopian tube involvement. However, on multivariate analysis, age over 60 years, higher histological grade, advanced stage, and deep myometrial and parametrial invasion were associated with significantly poorer survival.
Conclusion We found that age over 60 years at presentation, higher grade, advanced stage, deep myometrial invasion, and parametrial invasion were associated with poorer survival.
Is “Initial Size of the Graft the Real Culprit behind Primary Contraction of Full-Thickness Skin Graft”? – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vathulya Madhubari , Rao Shalinee , Malik Akanksha , Sinha Smita , Kumar Nikhilesh , Kapoor Akshay , Bahurupi Yogesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Primary contraction of full-thickness graft has been traditionally quoted to be 40%. There are lacunae in literature to elaborate on the factors influencing it ever since.
Methods About 75 subjects who underwent full-thickness grafting procedures to resurface small defects were included in the study. The initial and final graft dimensions after primary contraction were traced on X-ray templates and the percentage of contraction was evaluated using the graphical method. This was further correlated with age, collagen, elastic matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and -2 content along with dermal thickness of the skin specimen sent from the graft.
Results The primary contraction of the graft had a very significant correlation only with the initial size of graft harvested with a linear regression of 33.3% and a Spearman's correlation of 0.587 significant at a p-value of 0.001.
Conclusion This study though preliminary tries to highlight an important factor that primary contraction of grafts is a physical phenomenon independent of its contents like collagen, elastin, or MMP-1 and -2 or age and dependent on its initial size of harvest instead.
Gender Affirming Surgery in Nonbinary Patients: A Single Institutional Experience
Authors: Hu Allison C. , Liu Mengyuan T. , Chan Candace H. , Gupta Saloni , Dang Brian N. , Ng Gladys Y. , Litwin Mark S. , Rudkin George H. , Weimer Amy K. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background An increasing number of nonbinary patients are receiving gender-affirming procedures due to improved access to care. However, the preferred treatments for nonbinary patients are underdescribed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the goals and treatments of nonbinary patients.
Methods A retrospective study of patients who self-identified as nonbinary from our institutional Gender Health Program was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, surgical goals, and operative variables were analyzed.
Results Of the 375 patients with gender dysphoria, 67 (18%) were nonbinary. Over half of the nonbinary patients were assigned male at birth (n = 57, 85%) and nearly half preferred the gender pronoun they/them/theirs (n = 33, 49%). A total of 44 patients (66%) received hormone therapy for an average of 2.5 ± 3.6 years, primarily estrogen (n = 39). Most patients (n = 46, 69%) received or are interested in gender-affirming surgery, of which, almost half were previously on hormone therapy (n = 32, 48%). The most common surgeries completed or desired were facial feminization surgery (n = 15, 22%), vaginoplasty (n = 15, 22%), mastectomy (n = 11, 16%), and orchiectomy (n = 9, 13%). Nonbinary patients who were assigned male at birth (NB-AMAB) were more often treated with hormones compared to nonbinary patients assigned female at birth (NB-AFAB) (72% vs. 30%, p = 0.010). Conversely, patients who were AFAB were more likely to complete or desire surgical intervention than those who were AMAB (100% vs. 63.0%, p < 0.021).
Conclusion Majority of nonbinary patients were assigned male at birth. NB-AFAB patients all underwent surgical treatment, whereas NB-AMAB patients were predominantly treated with hormone therapy.
Psammomatoid Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma of the Maxilla Misdiagnosed as Fibrous Dysplasia: A Clinicopathologic Case Report
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Kang Jiwon , Kim Seong-ik , Kim Byung Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJuvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a variant of the ossifying fibroma and includes two histopathological subtypes: trabecular and psammomatoid. Psammomatoid JOF (PJOF) in craniofacial structures should be distinguished from other fibro-osseous lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia (FD), considering the difference in the treatment protocols. Here, we present a rare case of PJOF that was initially misdiagnosed as a case of FD and emphasize the importance of considering JOF in the differential diagnosis of patients with craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions. A 4-year-old boy demonstrated progressive enlargement of the zygomaticomaxillary area on his left side for the last 6 months. The patient was diagnosed as a case of FD based on the clinical features and radiographic findings, and was operated considering the rapid progression. To achieve facial symmetry, contouring of the zygomatic bone and arch was performed. However, the patient demonstrated rapid enlargement at the 3-month postoperative follow-up. The decision was made to surgically remove the tumor due to visual field impairment. Intraoperatively, a rubbery mass, which was separated from the surrounding cortical bone, was identified and excised. The lesion was confirmed as PJOF by histopathological examination. The possibility of PJOF should not be ruled out in the differential diagnosis of patients with fibrous-osseous lesions. In the event of suspected PJOF, accurate diagnosis should be made through definitive biopsy.
Inexpensive Materials for Microsurgery in Middle- and Low-Income Countries
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Escandón Joseph M. , Llanos Edgar , Ludeña Juan , Manrique Oscar J. , Castro Jorge , Rossi Rafael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the continuous incorporation of new technologies and advancements in surgical technique, microsurgical procedures around the world have generated a higher success rate and innovative procedures are now possible. In this setting, limitations regarding accessibility and acquisition of medical resources and equipment for these types of operations may be difficult in developing countries. We believe the dexterities of surgeons go beyond the surgical technique, meaning that we are able to use everyday materials to re-create affordable solutions that can be used during surgery in a safe way. This manuscript presents our experience with different surgical instruments and gadgets, developed out of necessity, to improve microsurgical interventions in developing countries.
Three-Dimensional Video Microscopy: Potential for Improved Ergonomics without Increased Operative Time?
Authors: Samaha Yasmina , Ray Edward 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) video exoscopes are high-magnification stereo cameras that project onto monitors mounted in the operating room, viewable from different angles. Outside of plastic surgery, exoscopes have been shown to successfully improve the ergonomics of microsurgery, though sometimes with prolonged operating times. We compare a single surgeon's early experience performing free flap procedures from 2020 to 2021 using either a binocular microscope or a 3D video exoscope. Ten procedures were performed with the standard operating microscope and 8 procedures with the 3D exoscope. The microsurgeon, having minimal prior experience using an exoscope, reported less neck discomfort following the free flap procedures performed with the exoscope compared with the binocular surgical microscope. Total average operating time was comparable between the standard surgical microscope and the 3D exoscope (13.7 vs. 13.4 hours, p = 0.34). Our early experience using a 3D exoscope in place of a standard optical microscope demonstrated that the exoscope shows promise, offering an ergonomic alternative during microvascular reconstruction without increasing overall operating times. Future studies will compare free flap ischemia time between cases performed using the exoscope and the conventional binocular microscope. Medical Subject Headings authorized following words: free tissue flaps; operating rooms; ergonomics; microsurgery.
Attributes of a Good Microsurgeon—A Brief Counsel to the Up-and-Coming Prospects
Authors: Hong Joon Pio , Masoodi Zulqarnain , Tzou Chieh-Han John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrosurgery, which deservedly sits on top of the reconstruction ladder, has been a boon to plastic surgery. It is because of this marvelous tool that plastic surgeons the world over have been able to tackle many reconstructive dilemmas, which were once considered to be an improbability. Microsurgery-aided revolutions have rendered a new meaning to all forms of reconstruction—whether it is postoncological, posttraumatic, or postlymphedema reconstruction. As the most advanced reconstructive medium at our disposal that has broadened the horizons of plastic surgery exponentially, it is but obvious that many budding plastic surgeons are drawn toward this subspecialty. In lieu of the aforementioned facts, it is necessary to sensitize all such aspiring surgeons about the various intricacies concerning the field of microsurgery. This article with its focus on the six desirable microsurgical attributes of “Clarity, Curiosity, Perseverance, Passion, An Open Mindset and Action,” is meant to be a modest attempt on part of the authors to share their microsurgical insights, procured through their respective journeys, with budding aspirants, hoping to sensitize as well as motivate them for the challenging path that lies ahead.