bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota-mediated secondary bile acid alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis through the TGR5-cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways in mice
Authors: Zhao Caijun , Wu Keyi , Hao Haoyang , Zhao Yihong , Bao Lijuan , Qiu Min , He Yuhong , He Zhaoqi , Zhang Naisheng , Hu Xiaoyu , Fu Yunhe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough emerging evidence shows that gut microbiota-mediated metabolic changes regulate intestinal pathogen invasions, little is known about whether and how gut microbiota-mediated metabolites affect pathogen infection in the distal organs. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify the metabolic changes in a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA)-associated mastitis model, a mastitis model with increased susceptibility toStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). The results showed that cows with SARA had reduced cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels compared to healthy cows. Treatment of mice with DCA, but not CA, alleviatedS. aureus-induced mastitis by improving inflammation and the blood-milk barrier integrity in mice. DCA inhibited the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 signatures caused byS. aureusin the mouse mammary epithelial cells, which was involved in the activation of TGR5. DCA-mediated TGR5 activation inhibited the NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways and mastitis caused byS. aureusvia activating cAMP and PKA. Moreover, gut-dysbiotic mice had impaired TGR5 activation and aggravatedS. aureus-induced mastitis, while restoring TGR5 activation by spore-forming bacteria reversed these changes. Furthermore, supplementation of mice with secondary bile acids producerClostridium scindensalso activated TGR5 and alleviatedS. aureus-induced mastitis in mice. These results suggest that impaired secondary bile acid production by gut dysbiosis facilitates the development ofS. aureus-induced mastitis and highlight a potential strategy for the intervention of distal infection by regulating gut microbial metabolism.
Surface nanoengineering technology for the removal of sulfur compounds associated with negative attributes in wines
Authors: Mierczynska-Vasilev Agnieszka M. , Kulcsar Allie C. , Dabare Panthihage Ruvini L. , Vasilev Krasimir A. , Bekker Marlize Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVolatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, and ethanethiol, are associated with ‘reductive’ aromas in wine and contribute to approximately 30% of all wine faults. These compounds can have a significant impact on wine aroma and perceived quality, and subsequently, consumer preference. In this communication, we report a method for the removal of VSC compounds based on nanoengineered surfaces that incorporate immobilized gold nanoparticles.
Distilling experience into a physically interpretable recommender system for computational model selection
Authors: Huang Xinyi , Chyczewski Thomas , Xia Zhenhua , Kunz Robert , Yang Xiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModel selection is a chronic issue in computational science. The conventional approach relies heavily on human experience. However, gaining experience takes years and is severely inefficient. To address this issue, we distill human experience into a recommender system. A trained recommender system tells whether a computational model does well or poorly in handling a physical process. It also tells if a physical process is important for a quantity of interest. By accumulating this knowledge, the system is able to make recommendations about computational models. We showcase the power of the system by considering Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) model selection in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Since turbulence is stochastic, there is no universal RANS model, and RANS model selection has always been an issue. A working model recommending system saves fluid engineers years and allows junior CFD practitioners to make sensible model choices like senior ones.
Reactive oxygen metabolism in the proliferation of Korean pine embryogenic callus cells promoted by exogenous GSH
Authors: Gao Fang , Wang Ruirui , Shi Yujie , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExogenous glutathione (GSH) promotes the proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) cells in Korean pine in the course of somatic embryogenesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play an important role in regulating the proliferation of EC cells by exogenous GSH. However, the concrete metabolic response of ROS is unclear. In this study, two cell lines of Korean pine with high proliferative potential 001#-001 (F, Fast proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as F) and low proliferative potential 001#-010 (S, Slow proliferative potential cell line is abbreviated as S) were used as test materials. The responses of ROS-related enzymes and substances to exogenous GSH and L-Buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) were investigated in EC cells. The results showed that the exogenous addition of GSH increased the number of early somatic embryogenesis (SEs) in EC cells of both F and S cell lines, decreased the amount of cell death in both cell lines. Exogenous addition of GSH promoted cell division in both cell lines, increased intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, inhibited intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and increased NO/ROS ratio. In conclusion, the exogenous GSH promoting the proliferation of Korean pine EC cells, the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes was enhanced, the ROS level was reduced, and the resistance of cells to stress was enhanced.
The role of tumor model in magnetic targeting of magnetosomes and ultramagnetic liposomes
Authors: Curcio Alberto , Perez Jose Efrain , Prévéral Sandra , Fromain Alexandre , Genevois Coralie , Michel Aude , Van de Walle Aurore , Lalatonne Yoann , Faivre Damien , Ménager Christine , Wilhelm Claire 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe combined passive and active targeting of tumoral tissue remains an active and relevant cancer research field. Here, we exploit the properties of two highly magnetic nanomaterials, magnetosomes and ultramagnetic liposomes, in order to magnetically target prostate adenocarcinoma tumors, implanted orthotopically or subcutaneously, to take into account the role of tumor vascularization in the targeting efficiency. Analysis of organ biodistribution in vivo revealed that, for all conditions, both nanomaterials accumulate mostly in the liver and spleen, with an overall low tumor retention. However, both nanomaterials were more readily identified in orthotopic tumors, reflecting their higher tumor vascularization. Additionally, a 2- and 3-fold increase in nanomaterial accumulation was achieved with magnetic targeting. In summary, ultramagnetic nanomaterials show promise mostly in the targeting of highly-vascularized orthotopic murine tumor models.
Targeting BAP1 with small compound inhibitor for colon cancer treatment
Authors: Kang Minhwa , Park Seul Gi , Lee Shin-Ai , Kim Soyi , Lee Daye , Shirbhate Mukesh Eknath , Youn So-Yeon , Kim Kwan Mook , Cha Sun-Shin , Kwon Jongbum 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBRCA1-associated protein-1 (BAP1) is a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase domain-containing deubiquitinase. The gene encoding BAP1 is mutated in various human cancers, including mesothelioma, uveal melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. BAP1 plays roles in many cancer-related cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell death, and nuclear processes crucial for genome stability, such as DNA repair and replication. While these findings suggest that BAP1 functions as a tumor suppressor, recent data also suggest that BAP1 might play tumor-promoting roles in certain cancers, such as breast cancer and hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we show that BAP1 is upregulated in colon cancer cells and tissues and that BAP1 depletion reduces colon cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. BAP1 contributes to colon cancer cell proliferation by accelerating DNA replication and suppressing replication stress and concomitant apoptosis. A recently identified BAP1 inhibitor, TG2-179-1, which seems to covalently bind to the active site of BAP1, exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of less than 10 μM, and inhibits colon tumor growth. TG2-179-1 exerts cytotoxic activity by targeting BAP1, leading to defective replication and increased apoptosis. This work therefore shows that BAP1 acts oncogenically in colon cancer and is a potential therapeutic target for this cancer. Our work also suggests that TG2-179-1 can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for colon cancer.
Multi-centre deep learning for placenta segmentation in obstetric ultrasound with multi-observer and cross-country generalization
Authors: Andreasen Lisbeth Anita , Feragen Aasa , Christensen Anders Nymark , Thybo Jonathan Kistrup , Svendsen Morten Bo S. , Zepf Kilian , Lekadir Karim , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe placenta is crucial to fetal well-being and it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive pregnancy disorders. Moreover, a timely diagnosis of placenta previa may save lives. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality in pregnancy, but high-quality imaging depends on the access to equipment and staff, which is not possible in all settings. Convolutional neural networks may help standardize the acquisition of images for fetal diagnostics. Our aim was to develop a deep learning based model for classification and segmentation of the placenta in ultrasound images. We trained a model based on manual annotations of 7,500 ultrasound images to identify and segment the placenta. The model's performance was compared to annotations made by 25 clinicians (experts, trainees, midwives). The overall image classification accuracy was 81%. The average intersection over union score (IoU) reached 0.78. The model’s accuracy was lower than experts’ and trainees’, but it outperformed all clinicians at delineating the placenta, IoU = 0.75 vs 0.69, 0.66, 0.59. The model was cross validated on 100 2nd trimester images from Barcelona, yielding an accuracy of 76%, IoU 0.68. In conclusion, we developed a model for automatic classification and segmentation of the placenta with consistent performance across different patient populations. It may be used for automated detection of placenta previa and enable future deep learning research in placental dysfunction.
Accountable survival contrast-learning for optimal dynamic treatment regimes
Authors: Choi Taehwa , Lee Hyunjun , Choi Sangbum 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDynamic treatment regime (DTR) is an emerging paradigm in recent medical studies, which searches a series of decision rules to assign optimal treatments to each patient by taking into account individual features such as genetic, environmental, and social factors. Although there is a large and growing literature on statistical methods to estimate optimal treatment regimes, most methodologies focused on complete data. In this article, we propose an accountable contrast-learning algorithm for optimal dynamic treatment regime with survival endpoints. Our estimating procedure is originated from a doubly-robust weighted classification scheme, which is a model-based contrast-learning method that directly characterizes the interaction terms between predictors and treatments without main effects. To reflect the censorship, we adopt the pseudo-value approach that replaces survival quantities with pseudo-observations for the time-to-event outcome. Unlike many existing approaches, mostly based on complicated outcome regression modeling or inverse-probability weighting schemes, the pseudo-value approach greatly simplifies the estimating procedure for optimal treatment regime by allowing investigators to conveniently apply standard machine learning techniques to censored survival data without losing much efficiency. We further explore a SCAD-penalization to find informative clinical variables and modified algorithms to handle multiple treatment options by searching upper and lower bounds of the objective function. We demonstrate the utility of our proposal via extensive simulations and application to AIDS data.
Familiarity, age, weaning and health status impact social proximity networks in dairy calves
Authors: Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge A. , Occhiuto Francesca , Carslake Charles , Kaler Jasmeet 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial network analysis in dairy calves has not been widely studied, with previous studies limited by the short study duration, and low number of animals and replicates. In this study, we investigated social proximity interactions of 79 Holstein–Friesian calves from 5 cohorts for up to 76 days. Networks were computed using 4-day aggregated associations obtained from ultrawideband location sensor technology, at 1 Hz sampling rate. The effect of age, familiarity, health, and weaning status on the social proximity networks of dairy calves was assessed. Networks were poorly correlated (non-stable) between the different 4-day periods, in the majority of them calves associated heterogeneously, and individuals assorted based on previous familiarity for the whole duration of the study. Age significantly increased association strength, social time and eigenvector centrality and significantly decreased closeness and coefficient of variation in association (CV). Sick calves had a significantly lower strength, social time, centrality and CV, and significantly higher closeness compared to the healthy calves. During and after weaning, calves had significantly lower closeness and CV, and significantly higher association strength, social time, and eigenvector centrality. These results indicate that age, familiarity, weaning, and sickness have a significant impact on the variation of social proximity interaction of calves.
A novel task of canine olfaction for use in adult and senior pet dogs
Authors: Khan Michael Z. , Mondino Alejandra , Russell Katharine , Case Beth , Fefer Gilad , Woods Hope , Olby Natasha , Gruen Margaret 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile much work has been done in the field of canine olfaction, there has been little exploration of hyposmia or anosmia. This is partly due to difficulties in reducing confounds like training history and environmental distraction. The current study describes a novel olfaction test using spontaneous search behavior in dogs to find a hidden food treat in a three-choice task with both light-phase and dark-phase conditions. The study was performed in 18 adult control dogs, 18 senior/geriatric dogs enrolled in a longitudinal aging study, and a single dog with severe nasal pathology. In the senior/geriatric and control groups, dogs performed with higher accuracy (p < 0.0001) and were less likely to show biased selection strategy (p < 0.01) in the dark-phase than light-phase. While senior/geriatric dogs performed above chance, they had lower accuracy in the dark-phase compared to controls (p = 0.036). Dogs who scored higher on an owner questionnaire of cognitive decline showed a positive correlation with performance in the dark-phase; performance on additional cognitive tests did not correlate with performance in the dark-phase. This task can be used to quantify canine olfaction using clearly defined endpoints and spontaneous behaviors thus making it feasible to compare between and within groups of pet dogs.
Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts
Authors: Liu Qi , Pan Su , Li Pengyang , Dixon Richard A. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetabolic plasticity in a hostile environment ensures cell survival. We investigated whether Hippo pathway inhibition contributed to cell adaptations under challenging conditions. We examined metabolic profiles and fuel substrate choices and preferences in C2C12 myoblasts after Hippo pathway inhibition via Salvador knockdown (SAV1 KD). SAV1 KD induced higher ATP production and a more energetic phenotype. Bioenergetic profiling showed enhanced key mitochondrial parameters including spare respiratory capacity. SAV1 KD cells showed markedly elevated glycolysis and glycolytic reserves; blocking other fuel-oxidation pathways enhanced mitochondrial flexibility of glucose oxidation. Under limited glucose, endogenous fatty acid oxidation increased to cope with bioenergetic stress. Gene expression patterns after SAV1 KD suggested transcriptional upregulation of key metabolic network regulators to promote energy production and free radical scavenging that may prevent impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. In SAV1 KD cells, sirtuin signaling was the top enriched canonical pathway linked with enhanced mitochondrial ATP production. Collectively, we demonstrated that Hippo pathway inhibition in SAV1 KD cells induces multiple metabolic properties, including enhancing mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity or glycolytic reserve to cope with stress and upregulating metabolic pathways supporting elevated ATP demand, bioenergetics, and glycolysis and counteracting oxidative stress. In response to metabolic challenges, SAV1 KD cells can increase fatty acid oxidation or glucose-coupled oxidative phosphorylation capacity to compensate for substrate limitations or alternative fuel oxidation pathway inhibition.
Ein umfassendes Screening auf Hepatitis B und C ist eine effektive Krebsprävention und die Voraussetzung für die Elimination dieser Infektionen – Daten und Anmerkungen zu einer Diskussion
Authors: Wolffram Ingmar 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Oktober 2021 können in Deutschland alle Versicherten ab 35 Jahren einmalig bei der Gesundheitsuntersuchung (GU) auf Hepatitis B (HBV) und C (HCV) getestet werden – unabhängig von spezifischen Risiken. Dies ist ein großer Beitrag zur Krebsprävention und zur Elimination dieser Infektionen. In den USA wird von den Centers for Disease Control and Prevention seit April 2020 ein einmaliges Screening auf HCV für alle Erwachsenen ab dem Alter von 18 Jahren, zusätzlich zu einer Testung bei bekannten Risiken empfohlen, da ein erheblicher Anteil der Betroffenen nicht durch eine risikobasierte Testung entdeckt werden kann. Entsprechende Empfehlungen für ein universelles HBV-Screening werden z.Z. von der CDC erarbeitet. Nach den vorliegenden Daten ist ein solches Screening in Kombination mit einem Angebot einer HBV-Impfung auch in Deutschland für das Erreichen der WHO-Eliminationsziele bis zum Jahre 2030 notwendig. Ein derartiges Testangebot auf HBV und HCV für alle Erwachsenen erscheint auch ethisch geboten, geboten, um durch frühzeitige Therapien möglichst viele lebensbedrohliche Folgen bzw. Todesfälle zu verhindern.
Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand im alpinen Gelände
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Kulla Martin , Lechner Raimund 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Anzahl von Touristen und Freizeitsportlern in Bergregionen nimmt zu. Im Verhältnis dazu steigt auch die Zahl an Notfallsituationen wie Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen in diesen Umgebungsbedingungen sind anspruchsvoll. Eine besondere Bedeutung in diesem Rahmen hat die prolongierte kardiopulmonale Reanimation.
Xiphodynia as an Unusual Cause of Chest Pain: A Case Series
Authors: van Boekel Anniek , Stollenwerck Guido , Ritchie Ewan D. , Vogels Sanne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction Treatment options for xiphodynia are injections with local corticosteroid injections or surgical resection of the xiphoid process. Currently, there is no consensus as to which treatment is the most optimal.
Objectives The aim of this case series was to compare the safety and efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment for patients with xiphodynia.
Patients and Methods A retrospective case series was performed. All patients presenting with xiphodynia between 2016 and 2021 were eligible. Demographic data and treatment regimes, including preoperative work-up and surgical technique, were extracted from the electronic patient files. In addition, all patients received a follow-up phone call with a questionnaire. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale.
Results A total of five patients, suffering from xiphodynia for up to 10 years, completed the follow-up questionnaire (median patient age, 57 years; range 51–68 years). Three of these patients initially received conservative treatment with local injections with corticosteroids for at least 6 months. One patient was satisfied with the results and did not opt for surgical treatment. Eventually, four patients were treated surgically by removing the xiphoid process. No postoperative complications were recorded and 100% of the patients who underwent a xiphoidectomy were free of symptoms and satisfied with the results.
Conclusion Symptoms related to xiphodynia can be relieved using conservative or surgical treatment, where the latter seems to be a safe and effective solution.
A broadband high-brightness quantum-dot double solid immersion lens single photon source
Authors: Ahn D. H. , Jang Y. D. , Baek J. S. , Park S. I. , Song J. D. , Lee D. 
Published: February 2023

High-brightness single photon sources (SPSs) are key components for practical quantum information processing systems. Although the performances of recently reported high-brightness SPSs are excellent, it remains challenging to match the emission wavelength of a quantum dot (QD) to the cavity since the high-Q cavity structures have narrow spectral bandwidths. Here, we propose a highly bright and broadband QD SPS that can be deterministically fabricated with a simple yet precise method. The optimized GaAs-polymer double solid immersion lens structure is capable of a brightness of 88% at 0.5 NA and has an operation band of 65 nm with a brightness of over 80% from numerical simulations. Experimentally, we achieved a brightness of 51.6% ± 2% and pure single photon emission [g(2)(0) = 0.029 ± 0.005] at saturation. We believe that our result can pave the way to a practical high-brightness QD SPS, considering its simple QD geometry together with its low cost and precise deterministic fabrication without using expensive and complicated e-beam lithography and dry etching processes.