bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast strong-field terahertz nonlinear nanometasurfaces
Authors: Cai Jiahua , Chen Sai , Geng Chunyan , Li Jianghao , Quan Baogang , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strong-field terahertz (THz)–matter interaction permits the investigation of nonequilibrium behaviors in the nonperturbative zone. However, the unavailability of a high-field free-space THz source with high repetition rates, excellent beam quality, and high stability hinders its development. In this work, we obtain the nonlinear modulation dynamics of a “THz-nano” metasurface on silicon substrates using a time-resolved strong-field THz-pump THz-probe (TPTP) with a thousand orders local field enhancement through confining THz waves into nano-gaps (15 nm, λ/33,000). By switching the THz field strength, we successfully realize a self-modulation ∼50 GHz frequency shift, which is further verified via the TPTP ultrafast time-resolution technique. The phenomenon is attributed to the impact ionization (IMI) of the silicon substrate under the excitation of extremely confined strong THz fields in nano-gaps. Both strong-field induced intervalley scattering (IVS) and IMI effects of photodoped silicon occurring in nano-gaps and large-area substrates were also observed by 800 nm optical injection of carriers. These aforementioned findings provide a robust research platform for the realization of ultrafast time resolution nanoscale strong-field THz–matter interaction and new ideas for nonextreme laboratories to realize extreme THz science, applications, and THz nonlinear modulation device development.
Review on sophorolipids – a promising microbial bio-surfactant
Authors: Madankar Chandu S. , Borde Priti K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurfactants are amphiphilic molecules used primarily for cleaning. Petroleum-based surfactants have a high production rate, but are non-biodegradable and destructive to the environment. Environmentally friendly biosurfactants are therefore becoming increasingly important. In addition to not being toxic; they are environmentally safe and mild to the skin. Depending on their structure, there are different types of biosurfactants. One of the types are the glycolipids, they are low molecular weight biosurfactants, and consist of sophorolipids. Sophorolipids are getting more attention as alternative to petroleum-based surfactants due to excellent stability at various pH levels, temperatures, and salinities. In addition to being anti-microbial, they have excellent wetting and foaming abilities and act as emulsifiers. There are numerous applications of sophorolipids in food, agriculture, biomedicine, cosmetics and personal care.
Influence of Different Mortar Matrices on the Effectiveness of FRCM Composites for Confining Masonry Columns
Authors: Alecci Valerio , De Stefano Mario , Galassi Stefano , Luciano Raimondo , Pugliese Dora , Stipo Gianfranco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the past, steel hoops were applied over the height of columns to increase their load-bearing capacity. Currently, innovative strengthening techniques, namely fiber-reinforced composites, are successfully replacing traditional systems. Although fiber-reinforced polymers were demonstrated to be effective in the confinement of columns, the use of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems is preferred in the case of masonry columns belonging to architectural heritage buildings because of the compatibility with the masonry substrate as well as the reversibility of the intervention. In this paper, the influence of different matrices on the effectiveness of confinement of masonry columns is investigated both experimentally and analytically. Three different matrices are considered to assemble the composite: a natural lime mortar with poor mechanical properties, a cement mortar, and a commercial mortar with high compression strength. The FRCM system was obtained by embedding a polyparaphenylenebenzobisoxazole fabric within these matrices. Results of axial compression tests demonstrate the effectiveness of confinement in all cases, highlighting the different increases in the load-bearing capacity and ductility of the columns provided by the use of different matrices. The main predictive formulas available in the literature were used to compute the increase in the load-bearing capacity of the tested columns, providing values very different than those obtained experimentally. For this reason, the authors believe that these formulas, which are affected by coefficients fine-tuned by the various authors based on their experimental results, need to be further calibrated and tuned to be successfully used in practical applications. Accordingly, the use of two different equations in the case of matrices having a compression strength higher or lower than the strength of the unconfined column is proposed.
Spared Premotor Areas Undergo Rapid Nonlinear Changes in Functional Organization Following a Focal Ischemic Infarct in Primary Motor Cortex of Squirrel Monkeys
Authors: Plautz Erik J. , Barbay Scott , Frost Shawn B. , Stowe Ann M. , Dancause Numa , Zoubina Elena V. , Eisner-Janowicz Ines , Guggenmos David J. , Nudo Randolph J. 
Published: February 2023

Recovery of motor function after stroke is accompanied by reorganization of movement representations in spared cortical motor regions. It is widely assumed that map reorganization parallels recovery, suggesting a causal relationship. We examined this assumption by measuring changes in motor representations in eight male and six female squirrel monkeys in the first few weeks after injury, a time when motor recovery is most rapid. Maps of movement representations were derived using intracortical microstimulation techniques in primary motor cortex (M1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in 14 adult squirrel monkeys before and after a focal infarct in the M1 distal forelimb area. Maps were derived at baseline and at either 2 (n= 7) or 3 weeks (n= 7) postinfarct. In PMv the forelimb maps remained unchanged at 2 weeks but contracted significantly (−42.4%) at 3 weeks. In PMd the forelimb maps expanded significantly (+110.6%) at 2 weeks but contracted significantly (−57.4%) at 3 weeks. Motor deficits were equivalent at both time points. These results highlight two features of plasticity after M1 lesions. First, significant contraction of distal forelimb motor maps in both PMv and PMd is evident by 3 weeks. Second, an unpredictable nonlinear pattern of reorganization occurs in the distal forelimb representation in PMd, first expanding at 2 weeks, and then contracting at 3 weeks postinjury. Together with previous results demonstrating reliable map expansions in PMv several weeks to months after M1 injury, the subacute time period may represent a critical window for the timing of therapeutic interventions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe relationship between motor recovery and motor map reorganization after cortical injury has rarely been examined in acute/subacute periods. In nonhuman primates, premotor maps were examined at 2 and 3 weeks after injury to primary motor cortex. Although maps are known to expand late after injury, the present study demonstrates early map expansion at 2 weeks (dorsal premotor cortex) followed by contraction at 3 weeks (dorsal and ventral premotor cortex). This nonlinear map reorganization during a time of gradual behavioral recovery suggests that the relationship between map plasticity and motor recovery is much more complex than previously thought. It also suggests that rehabilitative motor training may have its most potent effects during this early dynamic phase of map reorganization.
A Short Route for Reach Planning between Human V6A and the Motor Cortex
Authors: Breveglieri Rossella , Borgomaneri Sara , Diomedi Stefano , Tessari Alessia , Galletti Claudio , Fattori Patrizia 
Published: February 2023

In the macaque monkey, area V6A, located in the medial posterior parietal cortex, contains cells that encode the spatial position of a reaching target. It has been suggested that during reach planning this information is sent to the frontal cortex along a parieto-frontal pathway that connects V6A–premotor cortex–M1. A similar parieto-frontal network may also exist in the human brain, and we aimed here to study the timing of this functional connection during planning of a reaching movement toward different spatial positions. We probed the functional connectivity between human area V6A (hV6A) and the primary motor cortex (M1) using dual-site, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation with a short (4 ms) and a longer (10 ms) interstimulus interval while healthy participants (18 men and 18 women) planned a visually-guided or a memory-guided reaching movement toward positions located at different depths and directions. We found that, when the stimulation over hV6A is sent 4 ms before the stimulation over M1, hV6A inhibits motor-evoked potentials during planning of either rightward or leftward reaching movements. No modulations were found when the stimulation over hV6A was sent 10 ms before the stimulation over M1, suggesting that only short medial parieto-frontal routes are active during reach planning. Moreover, the short route of hV6A–premotor cortex–M1 is active during reach planning irrespectively of the nature (visual or memory) of the reaching target. These results agree with previous neuroimaging studies and provide the first demonstration of the flow of inhibitory signals between hV6A and M1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAll our dexterous movements depend on the correct functioning of the network of brain areas. Knowing the functional timing of these networks is useful to gain a deeper understanding of how the brain works to enable accurate arm movements. In this article, we probed the parieto-frontal network and demonstrated that it takes 4 ms for the medial posterior parietal cortex to send inhibitory signals to the frontal cortex during reach planning. This fast flow of information seems not to be dependent on the availability of visual information regarding the reaching target. This study opens the way for future studies to test how this timing could be impaired in different neurological disorders.
Kecenderungan Metode Penelitian Skripsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNNES
Authors: Amalia Lisya Fiani , Anggraeni Anggraeni 
Published: February 2023

Skripsi merupakan tugas akhir mahasiswa sebelum lulus dari perguruan tinggi. Salah satu bagian penting dari penelitian skripsi adalah metode penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kecenderungan metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNNES serta mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab mahasiswa dalam menentukan metode penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah dokumen skripsi mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNNES. Hasil penelitian skripsi ini adalah (1) kecenderungan metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNNES adalah metode penelitian kualitatif.; (2) faktor-faktor penyebab mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Mandarin UNNES dalam menentukan metode penelitian yang mereka gunakan diantaranya adalah skripsi tahun sebelumnya, buku referensi, artikel/jurnal, dosen pembimbing, teman sejawat, kompetensi mahasiswa dan biaya/waktu. Thesis research is the final task that students must do before graduating from college. One important part of thesis research is the research method. This study aims to describe the trends of thesis research method used by Chinese Language Education students of UNNES and to describe the factors that influence students in determining research methods. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive research method. The subject of this research is the thesis document in Chinese Language Students of UNNES. The results of this thesis study are (1) the trends of research method used by Chinese Language Education students of UNNES is qualitative research method. (2) factors that affect Chinese Language Education students of UNNES in determining the research method they use include the previous year's thesis, reference book, articles/journals, tutors, peers, student competence and cost/time.
Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in an urban university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Boonsilp Siriphan , Sikora Jędrzej , Rupprom Kitwadee , Acılıoğlu Sarper , Homkaew Anchalee , Nutalai Daranee , Phumisantiphong Uraporn , Wongsuk Thanwa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the properties of the current strains of Staphylococcus aureus associated with human infections in Thailand. This study examined the rate of resistance to various antimicrobial agents, prevalence of virulence genes, and biofilm formation ability of 60 clinical S. aureus isolates from a single Thai hospital. Moreover, the Staphylococcus protein A gene (spa) type was determined among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Most methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials, whereas all MRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. The major virulence genes among the isolates were hla (100%), sec (26.7%), and hlb (20%). Meanwhile, 46.7% and 1.7% of the strains exhibited low-grade and high-grade biofilm formation, respectively. Our findings revealed the presence of spa types among MRSA isolates were: t032 (37.5%, 6/16), t088 (25%, 4/16), t001 (12.5%, 2/16), t008 (6.25%, 1/16), t034 (6.25%, 1/16), t439 (6.25%, 1/16), and t1928 (6.25%, 1/16). These findings will be useful for future research on anti-virulence therapies and the epidemiology of the strains circulating in our hospital.
Notes on a Technē: Psellus’ Poem 6 W
Authors: Farkas Zoltán 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe second part of Psellus’ poem on grammar is a glossary compiled from rare words (270–490), where the lines are ordered and linked according to the Greek alphabet. The first part (1–269) is not – as it might be expected of a didactic poem – a systematic descriptive Greek grammar, but rather a loose collection of teacher’s comments lacking a definite logical structure. The didactic comments set in verse are organised to some extent by words (e.g. ἔγκλισις, μεσότης) that refer to several different grammatical phenomena functioning as cues and thus connecting the subsequent sections. At the time the novelty of this otherwise ordinary poem might have been that Greek grammar was set in political verse (versus politicus) in order to make it easy to memorise and the fact that it discusses Psellus’ views on koine.
The Relationship between Civil Society Organization and Political Party in Legislative Election: The Case of of Fatayat and PKB in Indonesia
Authors: Mahfudhi M. Anas , Perdana Aditya 
Published: February 2023

This article aims to analyze the political strategies of Fatayat as a civil society organization to win women candidates in the 2019 legislative elections. To do so, it uses two concepts of Gwendolyn Bevis’s theory of civil society and political parties which emphasizes constructive relationships between civil society organizations and political parties, and Peter Schroder’s theory on political strategies and tactics to win female candidates of legislative elections. This article uses a qualitative method and collects the data through interview techniques. The result of this study indicates that the relationship between Fatayat and PKB (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa) runs constructively for both have a shared history. This constructive relationship can also be applied to explain the political dynamic within Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). This article concludes that the Fatayat’s strategy to win women candidates in the legislative elections was supported by a constructive relationship between Fatayat and PKB. This finding contributes to the study of the relationship between civil society organizations and political parties.
Agents of exploration and discovery
Authors: Langley Pat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAutonomous agents have many applications in familiar situations, but they also have great potential to help us understand novel settings. In this paper, I propose a new challenge for the AI research community: developing embodied systems that not only explore new environments but also characterize them in scientific terms. Illustrative examples include autonomous rovers on planetary surfaces and unmanned vehicles on undersea missions. I review two relevant paradigms: robotic agents that explore unknown areas and computational systems that discover scientific models. In each case, I specify the problem, identify component functions, describe current abilities, and note remaining limitations. Finally, I discuss obstacles that the community must overcome before it can develop integrated agents of exploration and discovery.
Edukasi pencegahan dan penanggulangan kekerasan seksual berbasis media Booklet wilayah kerja Women Crisis Center Dian Mutiara Kota Malang
Authors: Rachmawati Windi Chusniah , Ratih Suci Puspita , Wahyuni Zubaidah , Harra Fina Adibatul Hasanah 
Published: February 2023

Kekerasan seksual yang semakin marak terjadi saat ini cukup menjadi sorotan. Dimana di Kota Malang mengalami peningkatan kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT) hampir 3 kali lipat, sehingga dilakukan upaya preventif dengan memberikan edukasi terhadap kelompok terkait.Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mengusung metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan desain one group pre-test post-test. Media yang dikembangkan berupa media cetak Booklet penanggulangan kekerasan seksual berdasarkan hasil media assesment yang telah dilakukan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi terkait dengan kekerasan seksual terhadap Ibu Rumah Tangga (IRT). Kegiatan ini membuahkan hasil positif dimana terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan ditinjau dari hasil pre-test dan post-test yang dilakukan.
Implementasi metode demonstrasi deteksi dini penyakit tidak menular pada pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader posyandu lansia
Authors: Gayatri Rara Warih , Wardani Hartati Eko , Tama Tika Dwi 
Published: February 2023

Kader posyandu lansia di Kelurahan Temas belum sepenuhnya mandiri dalam melakukan deteksi dini penyakit tidak menular. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader posyandu lansia di Kelurahan Temas, Kota Batu. Metode yang dilakukan adalah pelatihan dan demosntrasi. Tempat di pendopo Kelurahan Temas Kota Batu. Waktu pelaksanaan pada Bulan September, 2021. Peserta sejumlah 15 orang yang merupakan kader posyandu RW 2. Variabel yang diukur adalah tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan deteksi dini PTM. Analisis menggunakan deskriptif sederhana yaitu persentase. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat diperoleh bahwa ada perbedaan pengetahuan dan keterampilan sebelum dan setelah dilakukan sosialisasi. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini adanya pemantauan secara berkala dan berkelanjutan untuk mencegah PTM bagi lansia.
The Role of the Governor in the Local Government Administration System in Indonesia
Authors: Sarkawi Sarkawi , Ainuddin  
Published: February 2023

Regional autonomy was born as an interesting idea as a form of correction of the style of government and the relationship between the center and the regions which is centralized, exploitative and far from democratic values ​​which are currently the mainstream of the prevailing political system in the world. 1.The Role of the Governor Philosophically, Based on the various explanations above, it can be concluded that the philosophical reconstruction of the position and role of the Governor must be based on the spirit of the existence of the Governor to safeguard the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia so that therefore the role and position of the Governor must be clear, namely as the Representative of the Central Government in the regions and As Regional Head. 2.Theoretical Role of the Governor, Governors must guarantee the implementation of the vision and mission of the central government, especially general administration tasks such as national stability and integration, government and development coordination, and supervision of district/city government administration. As a consequence, a systematic arrangement is needed that describes a tiered relationship, including supervision, guidance, and coordination of administration and development in districts/cities. 3.The Normative Role of the Governor, Government that involves the involvement of various parties in an area based on the aspirations of the local community, then government affairs which are the authority of the central government are partially handed over to regional governments to be managed as their own household affairs. Therefore, philosophically the emphasis on regional autonomy remains at the district/city level, this is based on the possibility of a federal concept occurring if regional autonomy is emphasized at the provincial level but the Governor is given a bigger role and stronger authority as a representative of the central government in especially in relation to supervision and budget allocation.
Keywords: Regional Autonomy, Role of the Governor
Modelo de negócio inovador por meio de aliança com distribuidores para criação de valor no setor de iluminação
Authors: Moraes Jr Laercio Ferreira , Ghobril Alexandre Nabil 
Published: February 2023

O mercado de iluminação movimenta no Brasil cerca de R$ 3 Bilhões anuais e tem mudado de forma expressiva após a introdução do LED, permitindo a participação de diversos novos entrantes, fato que tem dificultado o crescimento de negócios e pressinada a rentabilidade de multinacionais líderes no segmento. Esse mercado tem como característica a importação de lâmpadas, luminárias e sistemas de controle de iluminação e estima-se que possui mais de 600 concorrentes que buscam vendas com produtos muito equalizados tecnicamente. Nesse sentido, os fabricantes estão colocados em uma situação que cada vez mais os pressiona para trabalhar com margens menores comprometendo a rentabilidade do negócio, fato que tem levado alguns fabricantes a desistirem do segmento de iluminação no Brasil. Com o intuito de perpetuar os negócios de um desses fabricantes que é pioneiro no negócio de iluminação e um dos líderes globais, encontrou-se um oportunidade não explorada até o momento de se oferecer uma solução a clientes finais através do canal de distribuição da empresa. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um relato técnico do processo de criação de valor no negócio de iluminação através de uma aliança formada entre fabricante e distribuidor, baseada na oferta técnica e compartilhada de serviços de atendimento especializado, pré-venda e pós-venda. Partindo-se de uma análise de mercado, seguiu-se para a validação do projeto internamente na companhia e com alguns de seus principais parceiros de negócio, o que culminou em um projeto piloto passível de replicação a nível nacional. A proposta de solução possui potencial de mercado, risco relativamente baixo frente ao negócio e permite benefícios aos envolvidos no campo de rentabilidade, parceria, melhoria na percepção de marca e atração de clientes que puderam ser confirmados pelos resultados obtidos.