bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen Developers – KIPIC Case Study: Empowering Innovation and Accelerating Digital Transformation
Authors: Alfedaghi Hadla S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The oil and gas industry face unprecedented challenges and opportunities which demand innovative solutions. There needs to be more than the traditional centralized IT operational model to meet the dynamic needs of the industry. This has led to new models, such as the citizen developer program, which enables business users to create and deploy applications without requiring specialized technical skills.
The citizen developer program is a new approach allowing non-IT professionals to create applications for their business needs using low-code and no-code platforms. This program aims to decentralize IT operations, increase innovation, reduce costs, and enhance customer experience. The democratization of technology is the core concept behind the citizen developer program, which enables businesses to create their applications and automate their processes [1].
The implementation of a citizen developer program requires careful planning and consideration of various factors, including change management, awareness and marketing of the concept, training, selecting the correct low code no code tool, management buy-in, building a community of practices for citizen developers, governance/policy, and more. These elements are critical to the program's success and must be carefully considered during implementation.
This manuscript provides a framework for implementing a citizen developer program in the oil and gas industry. It also includes a case study of implementing such a program and creating significant value in Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company (KIPIC). The Framework emphasizes the importance of change management, awareness and marketing of the concept, training, selecting the correct low code no code tool, management buy-in, building a community of practices for citizen developers, governance/policy, and more. The manuscript aims to provide insights into the benefits of implementing a citizen developer program in the oil and gas industry and its potential impact on the IT operational model.
In summary, the citizen developer program represents a paradigm shift in the oil and gas industry, which enables businesses to create and deploy applications without relying solely on IT professionals. This program can increase innovation, reduce costs, and enhance customer experience. The implementation of a citizen developer program requires careful planning and consideration of various factors, as outlined in this manuscript.
Sustainable Water Management Solution for Drilling Fluids Wastes
Authors: Hamdan Tariq , Al Nuaimi Mouza , Arena Carmelo , Kostic Tijana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Scarcity of water resources in UAE and affording a nonstop water supply for drilling operation was always a concern.
The main objective of availing a fit for purpose solution was: Saving the underground water resources.Cost optimization:Saving the cost of Haulage transportation. (30-50%)Save the Total Value of waste disposal injection package.Saving the cost of salt as the treatment technologies is designed to save the salt content.HSE advantage by reducing the Transportation requirements.Simple to implement in all ADNOC rigs fleetNot affect the rig operation.
Dewatering of the waste drilling fluid It is the most common and promising treatment technology. Dewatering It is the most common and promising drilling fluids waste treatment technology, this technology depends on 2 simple Mechanisms which is Coagulation and Flocculation (chemical treatment) –Coagulation is the water treatment process that causes very small, suspended particles to attract one another and form larger particles.–Flocculation is the water treatment process where the coagulated particles (pinpoint flocs) bridge together resulting in larger, more shear resistant structures that settle faster with less carryover of solid particles into the separated water.
The Application of Recycled Auto-Tires Rubber as an Effective Drilling Fluid Additive: Towards a Sustainable Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Elgaddafi R. M. , Al Saba M. , Almarshad A. , Amadi K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In meeting the world's climate-change goals, the oil and gas industry will have to play a significant part, although the specific initiatives chosen to reduce the emissions may vary, re-engineering waste products that contribute to carbon emission into useful recyclable products for the oil and gas industry can significantly contribute to developing a circular economy and sustainable environment.
This study considered recycling finely ground auto-tire rubber as an effective drilling fluid additive. Waste tire, which is a major air pollutant when burned, was collected from a national recycling company. A laboratory study of using the finely ground auto-tire rubber waste as an effective fluid loss control and bridging additive was performed and compared with sized graphite, which is a commonly used bridging material in the industry.
A commonly used water-based drilling fluid formulation was employed as a base fluid for all the experiments. The performance of the drilling fluid containing the waste auto-tire finely ground rubber was assessed by conducting standard rheological measurements and API fluid loss, where concentrations ranging between (0.0 – 10 lb/bbl) were added to the base fluid. The effect of adding the waste auto-tire rubber on plastic viscosity, yield point, apparent viscosity, and fluid loss was assessed. In addition, the possibility of replacing the sized graphite with the proposed material was investigated.
The results showed a significant reduction in a fluid loss by up to 23% by the addition of (10 lb/bbl) of finely ground auto-tire rubber waste to the base fluid (containing 5% bentonite). Furthermore, analysis of the test measurements showed a minor to negligible effect on the rheological properties compared to the base fluid. Also, it revealed that waste auto-tire finely ground rubber can successfully functionalize as a fluid loss additive and completely replace sized graphite as a bridging material, where replacing the sized graphite with the proposed material resulted in a reduction in the fluid loss of up to 21%.
The promising results obtained in this study highlight the huge potential for this initiative in utilizing recycled auto-tire waste materials as a possible drilling fluid additive and demonstrate a sustainable technique with large-scale application in the oil and gas field whilst reducing solid waste disposal and consequent CO2 emissions resulting from burning waste tires.
Forecasting Reservoir Pressure for Vertical Oil Well Using Supervised Machine Learning Model
Authors: Said Laouedj 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Static pressure is one of the very important parameters for reservoir engineering, it gives us precious information about our reservoir, such as drive mechanisms, quantities of hydrocarbon in place, patterns, communication between wells, fluid behavior in the reservoir, as consequence, the measurement of this parameter must be conducted on periodical basis, to appropriately know the field and build a good model of reservoir.
The advantage of this study can complete other studies that concentrate only on the oil production rate forecasting like Data Driven Production Forecasting Using Machine Learning [1], Production Forecasting in Conventional Oil Reservoirs Using Deep Learning [2], Machine Learning Prediction Versus Decline Curve Prediction: A Niger Delta Case Study [3], Decline Curve Analysis for Production Forecasting Based on Machine Learning [4] ……, in addition of static pressure evolution of wells.
For instance, we can optimize through this study a number of conducted tests to measure static pressure which will minimize operating costs and the probability of accidents occurring the operations, also reduce the shutdown time of wells for completion purpose of such measurement, in addition to the possibility of using this model for other analogue wells that do not have enough pressure measurement, without the need for time and extensive study. Besides, multivariate polynomial regression machine learning algorithm has been developed in this study to predict the evolution of static pressure for existing oil wells.
Remote Drilling Supervisor – Step Changing Approach Aided by RTOC and 5G Technology
Authors: Jalbout Mohammad Muhab , Al Hai Ahmed , Chammout Omar , Al-Rahma Rahma , Al Benali Khaleefa Mohamed , Al Blooshi Saif , El Bagoury Ahmed , Dubey Anurag , Siddique Ashique 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Digital transformation has been proven to yield commercial success in the oil and gas industry with several reported advantages of value creation and business empowerment. The paper demonstrates the implementation of a breakthrough technology and ideology to steer rig operations in onshore locations in Abu Dhabi, by adopting unified Real Time Operations Center (RTOC) concept. The technology has enabled proactive evaluation of rig operations, integrated different stakeholders in one platform, and supported the decision-making process while providing additional opportunities for young engineers onsite.
The unified RTOC technology approach is distinguished by empowering collaboration across functional departments. It enables higher levels of coordination of daily rig operations by converging processed and unprocessed information sources such as Technological Systems, Drilling Data Management Systems, Analytics, and Geomatics. Specifically for this exercise, the approach benefits are maximized by adopting a new concept to supervise rig operations remotely. The young drilling supervisors are settled to work on rig site, while senior drilling supervisors supports them from the office. One senior drilling supervisor can support 3 rigs at a time, covering exactly all major roles and responsibilities as if he/she is available physically onsite. The wells are monitored thoroughly with RTOC's platforms, associated risks are categorized, and several analytics were performed based on real-time data. CCTV integration with 5G technology braced the concept of monitoring the risky areas at the rig site with seamless footage. The CCTV integration was a step transformation for the proof of concept.
Blockchain Supercharges Digital Well Program towards Cyber-Physical Drilling System
Authors: Samuel Robello , Lakhanpal Vikrant , Kumar Kiran 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is transforming itself into a data-intensive industry with the addition of artificial engineering intelligence, cognitive computing, machine learning, internet of things and robotics. With the growth and expansion, various exponential technologies can carry the energy industry's transformation forward in the new era of cyber-automation and more so on the cyber-physical -automation. Blockchain technology can drastically streamline the current complex matrix of activities from seismic to production and abonnement. The existing integration and management of various disciplines is very expensive, requires several disciplines that are sometimes disjointed and siloed, and is exceedingly complex in the course of the digital well program and as we receive more and more data. With blockchain as a common technology, firms may more easily handle the many digital procedures, operational tasks, diverse vendors, production schedules, and supply chains that affect how the digital well program and schedules are made.
In this paper, the full lifecycle system—which can serve as the lifecycle's template—is discussed. It can be housed on a permissioned blockchain. Blockchain has been discovered to streamline and facilitate open collaboration because to its inherent qualities of trustworthiness and transparent execution of transactions involving numerous parties. By making asset transactions transparent and flexible, it facilitates data sharing among several businesses, providers, and partners, making it simple to connect the real world to the digital one through the use of edge devices and cloud computing. This approach has been discovered to offer crucial characteristics of privacy and auditability while limiting ledger size, in addition to transparency and efficiency. In order to balance the competing demands of privacy and openness, peer identities are concealed from one another while they agree on transaction outcomes. Additionally, data will never be exchanged among blockchain peers without the owners' express permission. Blockchain is a decentralized peer-to-peer digital ledger technology that has a lot of promise for the digital well program. A local peer communicates with an associated anchor peer inside the global network and a common database like Open Subsurface Data Universe in the system, which is built for both intra- and inter-organizational transactions like Open Subsurface Data Universe (OSDU).
Current Casing Running Technologies CRT: Drilling Mindset Versus Makeup Mindset What Missing for Reliable Makeup Operations
Authors: Al Bu Z. , Al-Moyaibed J. M. , Owoeye O. O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Casing Running Tool (CRT) combines many functions of other tools, such as circulation heads, casing and tubing rotation, and connection makeup. The technology's initial design was for drilling with casing. However, it is currently used widely in running and makeup operations of conventional casing and tubulars. This paper aims to identify gaps and opportunities in the current service to reach the full potential of the benefit of the technology as a running and makeup tool; and ultimately achieve automation for makeup operations.
The paper reviews the current CRT types used to analyze pre-operations and during-operation features. Each step of the makeup operations was evaluated and compared to the conventional power tong. The comparison finding summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of CRT versus the power tong. In addition, the paper relates the CRT shortcomings to the mindset of the original designers of the system. The new usage context brought great value but did not fully address the additional requirements to deliver quality makeup operations.
CRT improved HSE by reducing the number of operators in the rig's red zone. In addition, it helped in deploying the casings in challenging well conditions by pushing the casing to target depth and combining drilling and running runs for less intermedial operations. However, the system lacks in makeup operations. The paper claims that CRT requires slight modifications to overcome shortcomings in inspection, communication to the multiple parts of the system, calibration, and control. Designing CRT focusing on quality makeup will result in innovations that will significantly improve the connection makeup reliability and ultimately prepare the system for full automation.
Kuwait's First Successful Implementation of Managed Pressure Cementing in Deep Jurassic Reservoirs of Kra Al-Maru Field
Authors: Ekpe J. , Al-Shehab A. , Al-Othman A. , Baijal S. , Marin G. , Benyounes H. , Aliyeva A. , Alqabandi R. , Selami B. , Al-Fakeh B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of Najmah-Sargelu (NJ-SR) limestone fractured reservoir, has a significant role in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) 2040 strategy. To achieve this objective, hydrocarbon potential across the NJ-SR reservoir will have to be evaluated in the West Kuwait of Kra Al-Maru (Figure 1). First and foremost, this section will have to be drilled to planned section TD, cased off and successfully cemented. This paper discusses KOC experiences and best practices implemented to ensure utilizing managed pressure drilling equipment to achieve a successful 7-5/8-in liner cement job at well depth of 16,945ft. MD (15,756ft. TVD), and reservoir pressure and temperature ranges of 12,000 - 15,000psi and 230 - 280 deg F respectively.
This new approach to cementing is based on Managed Pressure Drilling technology. It addresses running the 7-5/8- in liner and cementing it in MPD mode. A step-bystep procedure is provided that ensures a constant bottom pressure is maintained throughout the process. Risk assessment showing what can go wrong and mitigations are provided, and the method is described in detail to allow readers comprehend the unique case presented in this paper.
Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC) technique in case study well is compared to offset wells in West Kuwait Field where cementing was conducted conventionally. In most cases, the cement bond logs show cement dispersed throughout the annulus with no continuous bond - channels in the cement behind the casing. The most significant new findings from this paper are that, in a couple of wells where there were no losses while pumping cement conventionally- the cement bond logs showed moderate to poor cement behind casing and channels within the cement.
This technology offers opportunity to achieve good cement bonding with liner in fractured limestone which can be problematic due to the risk of losses and the presence of hydrocarbons with high pore pressure in West Kuwait NJ-SR intervals. This novelty approach using Managed Pressure Cementing technique to case and cement liners in West Kuwait fields and tight margin reservoir will ensure good cement bond logs behind casing and improve well testing and completions strategies.
An Additive Manufacturing Process Enables the 3D-Printed Application of Armors for Drill Bits
Authors: Zhang Y. , Sogn H. , Cai M. , Santana R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Materials development, mechanical design, cutting structure modelling/simulation, advanced manufacturing process are the key necessities for producing high-quality, superior-performing drill bits. Among all, the bit body materials and manufacturing method are the key limiting factors for geometric design and bit life. Conventionally processed materials used for drill bit bodies, either a metal matrix body (Tungsten carbide particles infiltrated with copper alloy binder) or a steel body with hand-applied hardfacing material, have reached the limit of certain properties.
Recently, an Additive Manufacturing (AM) method has gained rapid expansion from prototyping to industrial scale production with the capability of building complicated shapes and competitive properties. This paper presents the innovative work that went into developing the AM powder containing extremely hard tungsten carbide particles and directly printing this matrix composite parts then to be used in manufacturing drill bits for challenging drilling applications.
Additionally, other benefits of adopting AM technology include minimized greenhouse gas emission (GHGE); thus, boosting sustainability.
Multiple field application cases with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits dressed with AM components are presented to show the performance improvement over conventional counterparts.
An Integrated Well Completion Technology for Low Permeability Reservoirs in the Middle East: Fracturing, Injection Control and Production Control
Authors: Chunpeng Wang , Yucai Wang , Weixiang Cui , Liangyu Rao , Xueqin Huang , Shuzhe Shi , Zhen Nie , Bohong Wu , Yanna Zhang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Horizontal wells in the Middle East are mainly completed with 6-inch open hole, and some wells are put into the screen in the horizontal section. This kind of wellbore structure can meet the production demand in the early stage. But it is not conducive to the later fracturing or acid fracturing, because the open hole section cannot be effectively segmented, and the targeted injection control or segmented production control cannot be carried out after stimulation.
In order to realize the segmented stimulation of the open hole, the secondary completion string is run in on the premise of keeping the existing string unchanged, which is used for segmented fracturing and segmented injection or production control after fracturing. The string consists of open hole packers, switchable sliding sleeves, toe anchor, etc. Each part is connected with 4-1/2 inches’ base pipe. All sliding sleeves are closed when they are lowered, and are opened through soluble rubber plugs. After fracturing operation, the sliding sleeve can be opened by coiled tubing with switch tools and the horizontal pipe string remained as the production pipe string.
Through the laboratory test, the switchable sliding sleeve and open hole packer can be used under the conditions of no more than 180 °C and pressure difference no more than 60MPa, and are resistant to hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide corrosion. From 2012 to 2020, the switchable sliding sleeve has been used in 187 wells in the eastern oilfield of China, including 36 vertical wells and 151 horizontal wells, with a total of 1449 sets of sliding sleeves. The maximum pumping rate of hydraulic fracturing is 12 m³/min with up to 21 fracture stages. The maximum temperature is 135°C with up to 12989 m³ of fracturing fluid and 1018 m³ of sand injected into a single well. The maximum well depth is 4995 m (MD) and the maximum vertical depth is 4200 m (TVD).
The technology realizes the segmented stimulation of low permeability reservoirs in the Middle East under the existing horizontal open hole completion conditions, realizes the segmented control of water injection wells and segmented production of production wells, saves the operation cost and prolongs the life cycle of old wells. However, in order to reduce fracturing investment, casing completion is still recommended for new wells with low permeability reservoirs.
Restoring the Well Integrity with Full Bore Access by Using Expandable Steel Technology
Authors: A. Ans Muhammad , Alzori Hussain , Demyanov Alexandr , Seiam Mahmoud 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Expandable Steel patch has a wide application in oil and gas wells. The patch restores the casing integrity but it poses inside diameter (ID) restrictions leading to difficulties in running completion equipment. This paper focuses on mechanical seal of perforations with full bore access and shares an overview of the general idea, well design, operational plan, successful field installation, and testing of the patch that provided full bore accessibility with a reliable seal of the perforations.
The technique was a preplanned approach where placement of a short section with bigger ID casing joints across possible perforated or damaged zones was included in the well program and implemented when drilling the well. After the well objectives had been achieved, the perforated zone was "sealed off" with a casing patch. The setting procedure of the selected casing patch technology was very different from that used with other expandable systems.
When running the 7″ liner string, the selected compatible liner hanger system and outside diameter (OD) of the liner wiper plugs covered both the 7-5/8″ and 7″ casing IDs. Also, cleanout tools, such as casing brush, scrapper, magnets and junk baskets, should cover the ID range. The selected patch's setting mechanisms is different, in which the steel is not pushed out with a fixed diameter metal expansion tool (cone), but is expanded using a pressure activated inflating and deflating packer, which will ensure the patch is pushed out (expanded) to seal effectively against the inside of the existing casing, irrespective of the precise casing internal diameter. This expandable steel patch allowed achieving the full bore access below the patch along with seals above and below the patch to avoid any future flow into the wellbore. Since the application was installed without performing a cement squeeze job before the patch, a significant time saving was also achieved. The idea of using the 7-5/8″ casing joints as part of the 7″ liner and setting the patch inside the bigger ID was successfully implemented; and integrity as well as full-bore access were ensured in the application.
This method and knowledge can benefit the oil and gas industry. The paper shares the entire experience obtained during designing, planning, and successfully installing a fit-for-purpose casing patch that brought value in terms of bore access and possibility of future interventions.