bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of somatostatin receptor type 2 antagonism during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in male rats with prediabetes
Authors: Hoffman Emily G. , D'Souza Ninoschka C. , Aiken Julian , Atherley Sara , Liggins Richard , Riddell Michael C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo examine if glucagon counterregulatory defects exist in a rat model of prediabetes (pre‐T2D) and to assess if a selective somatostatin receptor 2 antagonist (SSTR2a), ZT‐01, enhances the glucagon response to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia.Materials and methodsHyperglycaemia was induced in 8‐ to 9‐week‐old male, Sprague‐Dawley rats via 7 weeks of high‐fat diet followed by a single, low‐dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). After 2 weeks of basal insulin therapy (0‐4 U/d insulin glargine, administered subcutaneously [SC]) to facilitate partial glycaemic recovery and a pre‐T2D phenotype, n = 17 pre‐T2D and n = 10 normal chow‐fed control rats underwent the first of two hypoglycaemic treatment‐crossover experiments, separated by a 1‐week washout period. On each experimental day, SSTR2a (3 mg/kg ZT‐01, SC) or vehicle was administered 1 hour prior to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (insulin aspart, 6 U/kg, SC).ResultsGlucagon counterregulation was marginally reduced with the induction of pre‐T2D. Treatment with SSTR2a raised peak plasma glucagon levels and glucagon area under the curve before and after insulin overdose in both and pre‐T2D rats. Blood glucose concentration was elevated by 30 minutes after SSTR2a treatment in pre‐T2D rats, and hypoglycaemia onset (≤3.9 mmol/L) was delayed by 15 ± 12 minutes compared with vehicle (P < 0.001), despite similar glucose nadirs in the two treatment groups (1.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L). SSTR2a treatment had no effect on blood glucose levels in the control group or on the hypoglycaemia‐induced decline in plasma C‐peptide levels in either group.ConclusionsTreatment with an SSTR2a increases glucagon responsiveness and delays the onset of insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in this rat model of pre‐T2D where only a modest deficiency in glucagon counterregulation exists.
Speckle tracking analysis to evaluate the size, shape, and function of the atrial chambers in fetuses with d‐transposition of the great arteries to predict the need for neonatal urgent balloon atrial septostomy
Authors: DeVore Greggory R. , Satou Gary , Sklansky Mark , Cuneo Bettina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSpeckle tracking analysis was used to evaluate right (RA) and left (LA) atria size, shape and contractility to create a probability calculator to identify fetuses at risk for urgent neonatal balloon atrial septostomy (BAS).MethodsThe study group consisted of 39 fetuses with D‐TGA, of which 55% (N = 22) required neonatal BAS and 45% (N = 17) did not. The RA and LA end‐diastolic areas, lengths, widths, and sphericity indices as well as global, longitudinal, and transverse contractility were measured with speckle tracking analysis. The z‐scores of the measurements were compared to 200 controls. Logistic regression analysis of the computed z‐score measurements was performed to separate fetuses requiring urgent neonatal atrial BAS from those who did not.ResultsThe following z‐score values for all fetuses with D‐TGA, irrespective of whether they required neonatal BAS, that were significantly less than controls: RA base sphericity index, basal–apical length fractional shortening, fractional area change, lateral wall annular plane systolic excursion (APSE), and longitudinal reservoir strain; LA mid‐chamber width, fractional shortening, ejection fraction, basal–apical length fractional shortening, atrial ejection volume, septal wall APSE, and reservoir strain. The following z‐score values were significantly larger than control values: RA/LA mid‐chamber width, RA/LA base width, and RA mid‐chamber length. Logistic regression analysis identified the following five measurements that correctly identified 19 of 22 fetuses requiring urgent neonatal atrial BAS with a sensitivity of 86.4%, a false‐positive rate of 11.8% and a positive predictive value of 90.4%: (1) LA mid‐chamber transverse fractional shortening, (2) RA mid‐chamber end‐diastolic width, (3) RA basal–apical length fractional shortening, (4) RA mid‐chamber fractional shortening, and (5) RA fractional area change.ConclusionUsing the measurements described in this study identified significant differences between all fetuses with D‐TGA and controls, as well as identified measurements that predicted the probability of D‐TGA fetuses requiring neonatal septostomy.
Physical impact mechanism of large macroaggregate fragmentation on short‐term soil microbial respiration after rainfall
Authors: Feng Yue , Xiao Jianzhang , Wei Yingqi , Cai Hong , Yu Jinghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe uncertainty of soil respiration under the influence of rainfall significantly affects the carbon flux in forest ecosystems. Thus, this study assessed the impact mechanism of aggregate changes on short‐term forest soil microbial respiration under rainfall simulation. The response of short‐term soil microbial respiration to the variation in aggregate distribution, carbon concentration in the aggregate particles, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dry bulk density, volumetric water content, capillary porosity, and soil aeration in the forest soil was investigated by a self‐developed rainfall simulation system under 50 and 80 mm/h rainfall treatments. The system ensured the controllability, continuity, and integrity of the analysis from soil erosion to soil respiration. A proportional decrease in large macroaggregates (>2 mm) and an increase in small macroaggregates (0.25–2 mm) were detected due to rainfall, leading to the release of coarse particulate organic matter in large macroaggregates and an enrichment in microaggregates within small macroaggregates. The splitting of macroaggregates increased the DOC content and decreased the porosity and aeration of the soil. The CO2 flux decreased immediately after rainfall treatment, and it increased at 12 h after the end of 80 mm/h rainfall. Moreover, the soil immediately emitted CH4 at the end of 80 mm/h rainfall. Large macroaggregates and DOC had positive conditional effects on respective CO2 and CH4 fluxes at the end of rainfall. The results indicate that short‐term soil microbial aerobic respiration is mainly regulated by the remaining macroaggregate distribution immediately after rainfall. Moreover, short‐term soil microbial anaerobic respiration is mainly mediated by the DOC and microaggregates released from large macroaggregates under soil water saturation. The study concludes that the uncertainty of short‐term soil microbial respiration is mainly derived from the random fragmentation and redistribution of macroaggregates in the soil immediately after rainfall treatments.Highlights
System ensures controllability, continuity and integrity of analysis from erosion to respiration.
Splitting macroaggregates increases DOC content and decreases porosity and aeration of the soil.
Short‐term aerobic respiration is mediated by macroaggregate distribution after rainfall.
Short‐term anaerobic respiration is mediated by DOC from large macroaggregate disintegration.
Complications following diagnostic and therapeutic sacroiliac joint region injections in horses: A study describing clinicians' experiences
Authors: Nagy Annamaria , Dyson Sue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are no detailed data on complications of sacroiliac (SI) joint region injections or on the variability of the methods and circumstances of injections among clinicians.ObjectivesTo describe complications following diagnostic, therapeutic and combined SI joint region injections and the details of how these are routinely performed by a large number of clinicians.Study designCross‐sectional questionnaire survey.MethodsClinicians (members of American and European specialist colleges and veterinarians known to the authors), invited by email, who had performed ≥1 SI joint region injection, completed an online questionnaire. Data collected included the clinicians' experience in diagnostic, therapeutic and combined SI joint region injections, details of the injection technique, volume and substance used, and the type of complications seen following SI joint region anaesthesia, medications and combined injections, respectively. Descriptive data analysis was performed and the association between any complications seen and the clinicians' experience, technique, volume and substance used were assessed using binary logistic regression.ResultsOf the 212 respondents, 110 had performed diagnostic, 187 therapeutic and 49 combined injections. More clinicians experienced complications after diagnostic (53/110) than after therapeutic (33/187) or combined (6/49) injections (p < 0.01). The most common complications were hindlimb weakness/ataxia after all types of injections (diagnostic: 44/110, 40%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.8–49.8; therapeutic: 15/187, 8.0%, CI: 4.6–12.9; combined: 2/49, 4.1%, CI: 0.5–14.0). Death or horses requiring euthanasia were reported (after therapeutic injections: 5/187; diagnostic injections: 1/110).Main limitationsNo prevalence of complications was established; no detailed descriptions of complications were available. Results may be influenced by selection and recall biases.ConclusionsComplications were experienced by more clinicians following diagnostic injections than after therapeutic or combined SI joint region injections, but the types and distribution of complications were similar. Results should be interpreted considering the previous reports of low prevalence of complications.
Ceftiofur use and antimicrobial stewardship in the horse
Authors: Ryan Clare A. , McNeal Christina D. , Credille Brenton C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEquine practitioners require recommendations that support antimicrobial stewardship and avoid generating resistance to medically important antibiotics. This review examines current inadequacies in antimicrobial stewardship standards within the veterinary community, related to antimicrobial categorisation and prescribing practices. Resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics in horses is also described. Properties of cephalosporin antibiotics are outlined and equine‐specific studies of ceftiofur, a third‐generation cephalosporin antibiotic with medical importance, are detailed. Readers are provided with recommendations that encourage appropriate use of ceftiofur, citing the evidence available in horses.
Birth of a virtual community: Supporting Turkish couples' migration duringCOVID‐19
Authors: Kolbaşı‐Muyan Gizem , Rittersberger‐Tılıç Helga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis research aimed to understand legal and bureaucratic intricacies couples from Turkey and the Netherlands had to face in their marriage migration processes during the COVID‐19 pandemic by analyzing the role of a virtual community in developing coping strategies of multiple agents (partners, as well as lawyers and moderators as third parties).BackgroundThe restrictive requirements for family migration in the Netherlands, which reflect a nation‐state–centered point of view, had consequences on the marriage migration of Turks.MethodsLegal and policy analysis between the years 2004 and 2021 and a netnography covering March 2021 through April 2022 are used. Dutch and EU case law analysis, participant observation in the Facebook group “Hollanda Aile Birleşimi/Gezinshereniging” (The Netherlands Family Reunification), and semistructured interviews with the members of the group are employed.ResultsThe interactions in the Facebook group went beyond simple information dissemination and led to the emergence of a virtual community. It served for the development of intimacy and informal expertise and constituted a venue for developing strategies to cope with bureaucratic, legal, and personal hurdles.ConclusionDuring COVID‐19, the virtual community enabled individuals involved in marriage migration to counter the legal and policy framework.
Doing kin work among Ghanaians home and abroad: A paradigm shift toICT
Authors: Bakuri Amisah Zenabu , Amoabeng Dilys 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe explore how information communication technologies (ICTs) enable doing kin work through communication and its impact on the well‐being of Ghanaians at home and abroad.BackgroundUsing ICTs has become a significant and rapid way to keep in touch with family relations as they are “scattered” across different geographic spaces within a country and globally. In this digital age, families can choose from a wide range of options that allows the combination of textual, verbal, and visual interactions.MethodThis paper is based on observations, in‐depth interviews, and life stories collected over a cumulative fieldwork period of 28 months. A total of 40 Ghanaians living in the Netherlands and 30 living in Ghana were recruited from 2017 to 2019 for this study.ResultsThrough smartphones or messenger apps, people share their life and provide care and support including financial, emotional, moral, personal, and communal attachment.ConclusionDoing family online involves a complex, open, and hidden system of support, care, anxiety, and empathy. Doing family online is an example of a social matrix in which new patterns of social relationships, intimacies, care, and intergenerational solidarities emerge and develop.ImplicationsWe propose that doing family online will remain an integral means of connecting with family members and other relations. It is therefore important that ICT is made affordable, reliable, and secure as a way to improve its use. This means that more innovation, development, and research would be required.
How do male nursing students’ voluntary activities affect their image in society?
Authors: Dolu İlknur , Gökçe Mahir Can , Karakuş Ersin , Alperen Geldi Osman , Gazi Tolga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of male nursing students’ voluntary activities on their image in society.BackgroundThe role of voluntary nursing services in enhancing the visibility of nursing in society can also contribute to enhancing the image of male nurses in society.MethodsThis study employed a one‐group, quasi‐experimental pre–post analysis design. It was carried out between September 2020 and June 2021 in the pedestrian zone, which is one of the main streets of Bartın in Turkey. Using a convenience sampling approach, tradesmen aged 18 and over operating in commercial enterprises (n = 81) were asked to participate in the study. Information form and Nursing Image Scale were used to collect the research data. Results from the paired sample t test were utilized to analyse the study's data using the intervention of ‘men nursing students' voluntary activities’.ResultsThe total Nursing Image Scale score of the participants was statistically considerably greater after the intervention than the pre‐intervention score. Based on the paired sample t test results, it was observed that the participants obtained higher scores after the intervention than before in the gender sub‐dimension as well as all other sub‐dimensions of the Nursing Image Scale, and these results were statistically significant.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the study, volunteering by male nursing students improved both the profession of nursing and the perception of men in nursing in society.Implications for nursing/health policyThis study suggested that male nursing students’ voluntary activities could be one of the strategies to overcome the nursing shortage due to its enhancing effect on the profession of nursing and the perception of men in nursing in society.
High‐temperature oxidation behavior of the SiC layer of TRISO particles in low‐pressure oxygen
Authors: Bratten Adam , Jalan Visharad , Shi Meng , Gerczak Tyler , Wen Haiming , Doyle Peter , Zhao Haiyan , He Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurrogate tristructural‐isotropic (TRISO)‐coated fuel particles were oxidized in 0.2 kPa O2at 1200–1600°C to examine the behavior of the SiC layer and understand the mechanisms. The thickness and microstructure of the resultant SiO2layers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, and transmission electron microscopy. The majority of the surface comprised smooth, amorphous SiO2with a constant thickness indicative of passive oxidation. The apparent activation energy for oxide growth was 188 ± 8 kJ/mol and consistent across all temperatures in 0.2 kPa O2. The relationship between activation energy and oxidation mechanism is discussed. Raised nodules of porous, crystalline SiO2were dispersed across the surface, suggesting that active oxidation and redeposition occurred in those locations. These nodules were correlated with clusters of nanocrystalline SiC grains, which may facilitate active oxidation. These findings suggest that microstructural inhomogeneities such as irregular grain size influence the oxidation response of the SiC layer of TRISO particles and may influence their accident tolerance.
The influence of 15‐weeks climbing program on the static and dynamic balance of young adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities
Authors: Bibro Marta A. , Wódka Katarzyna , Smoła Eliza , Jankowicz‐Szymańska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of climbing on static and dynamic balance and to determine the usefulness of such training in supporting the fitness of young adults with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities.MethodThe study involved 47 men and 21 women aged 18–25 years. The experimental group participated in classes on an artificial climbing wall for 15 weeks. At that time, the control group did not participate in any organised sports activities. The balance was assessed twice using tests: a bench walk, a functional reach, a single leg stance with the eyes open and closed, and a BTS P‐WALK baroresistive platform.ResultsIn the experimental group there were improvements in functional reach test by 7.79 cm (p < .001), balance walk test by 0.47 pts (p = .003), improvements in frontal and sagittal plane stability, and tilting area in the closed eyes test. The changes that were observed in the control group were not statistically significant.ConclusionsClimbing activities can be part of a rehabilitation program to improve balance.
Area, environmental heterogeneity, scale and the conservation of alpine diversity
Authors: Malanson George P. , Testolin Riccardo , Pansing Elizabeth R. , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimArea and environmental heterogeneity together explain most patterns of species diversity but disentangling their relative importance has been difficult. Here, we empirically examined this relationship and parsed their relative importance, and that of the heterogeneity—effective area trade‐off, at different spatial scales and in different spatial representations in simulations.LocationAlpine grasslands of 23 mountain ranges of southern and central Europe.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsWe developed metrics of climatic and edaphic heterogeneity, using principal components analyses and the shoelace algorithm, and added elevation range. We applied commonality analysis to partition the unique and shared explanation of the observed vascular plant species richness among selected metrics. A simulation was developed to separate the relative importance of area and heterogeneity at different extents and representations of spatial nestedness, and the heterogeneity—effective area trade‐off was evaluated by altering spatial discreteness.ResultsThe explanation of the observed regional richness was shared by area and heterogeneity. The simulation revealed that heterogeneity was consistently more important, but less so among smaller areas. This qualitative pattern was maintained regardless of whether and how nestedness was represented. The heterogeneity–effective area trade‐off occurred in a few simulations of more discrete habitats.Main ConclusionsScale dependence may account for discrepancies among past empirical studies wherein environmental heterogeneity has usually outweighed area in the explanation of species richness; and it is not affected by nestedness. The potential heterogeneity–effective area trade‐off may be limited to locations where the environmental heterogeneity is quite discrete or if the added environment is beyond the niches of any species in the potential pool. The significant importance of area per se in small territories indicates that microrefugia, even with an unlikely full range of heterogeneity, will suffer local extinctions in the face of climate change.
Time‐varying exposure analysis of the relationship between sustained natural dentition and cognitive decline
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTooth loss and cognitive decline progress over time and influence each other. This study estimated the impact of sustaining natural dentition on cognitive function in U.S. adults, accounting for the fact that dental and cognitive statuses change over time.Materials and MethodsData from adults aged ≥51 years who participated in five waves of the Health and Retirement Study from 2004 to 2016 (n = 10,953) were analysed. The impact of retaining some natural teeth from 2006 to 2012 on cognitive function score (0–27) and cognitive impairment (defined as having a cognitive function score of <12) in 2016 was evaluated using the doubly robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation method by considering both time‐invariant and time‐varying confounders, including cognitive function at baseline and during follow‐up.ResultsRespondents with some natural teeth between 2006 and 2012 had a 0.40 point (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.71) higher cognitive function score and 3.27 percentage point (95% CI: 0.11–6.66) lower cognitive impairment prevalence in 2016 than those with complete tooth loss.ConclusionsConsidering past cognitive function assessed at multiple time points, sustained natural dentition was associated with better cognitive function.