bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between land use types and urban heat island intensity in Hulu Langat district, Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Rendana Muhammad , Idris Wan Mohd Razi , Rahim Sahibin Abdul , Abdo Hazem Ghassan , Almohamad Hussein , Al Dughairi Ahmed Abdullah , Al-Mutiry Motrih 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Urban heat island (UHI) is an urban climate phenomenon that primarily responds to urban conditions and land use change. The extent of hard surfaces significantly influences the thermal properties of the land. To address this issue, a novel approach quantifying the association between land use and UHI is developed. This study offers a new technique for effectively estimating the effect of land use on the UHI intensity using the combination of urban heat intensity index (UHII) and land contribution index (LCI) derived from Landsat 8 OLI images. The time-series thermal effect of land use on the UHI intensity can be determined according to the ratio in mean temperature between specific land use and the whole study site. The study was conducted in the Hulu Langat district, Malaysia during 2014–2021.

Results
The UHI intensity rose from 0.19 in 2014 to 0.70 in 2021. The negative value of LCI for vegetation areas and water bodies obtained its negative contribution to the urban heat island, while the positive value of LCI for bare areas and built-up areas showed its positive effect on the urban heat island. The LCI value for urban areas showed a significant increase in the 7 years such as 0.51, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.75 for periods 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021, respectively. The change in LCI from 2014 to 2021 for the transformation of bare area and forest was recorded to be 0.23 and − 0.02, respectively. Thus, the conversion of forests into urban areas had a negative effect on the increment of UHI intensity.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings are useful for policy-making agency in developing an effective policy for reducing high UHI intensity and planning long-term land use management.
A comprehensive review of the health benefits of flaxseed oil in relation to its chemical composition and comparison with other omega-3-rich oils
Authors: Al-Madhagy Somaia , Ashmawy Naglaa S. , Mamdouh Ayat , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L) is an ancient perennial plant species regarded as a multipurpose plant owing to its richness in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including α-linolenic acid (ALA). The extensive biochemical analysis of flaxseed resulted in the identification of its bioactive, i.e., lignans with potential application in the improvement of human health. Flaxseed oil, fibers, and lignans exert potential health benefits including reduction of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis, and autoimmune and neurological disorders that have led to the diversification of flaxseed plant applications. This comprehensive review focuses on flaxseed oil as the major product of flaxseed with emphasis on the interrelationship between its chemical composition and biological effects. Effects reviewed include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, anti-osteoporotic, cardioprotective, metabolic, and neuroprotective. This study provides an overview of flaxseed oil effects with the reported action mechanisms related to its phytochemical composition and in comparison, to other PUFA-rich oils. This study presents the most updated and comprehensive review summarizing flaxseed oil’s health benefits for the treatment of various diseases.
Graphical Abstract
Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress
Authors: Pasaribu Syarifah Aini , Basyuni Mohammad , Purba Edison , Hasanah Yaya 
Published: July 2023

Background: Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plant survival include triggering of specific signaling pathways and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, including in forest revitalization and as foreign exchange sources, job sources, and as an alternative source for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. Planting tolerant rubber clone in drought prone areas would be more appropriate. The present study is aimed to identify drought tolerant traits in order to select drought-tolerant clones at juvenile stage itself. Methods: The first factor examined for this research was the clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24), with water content (30%, 60%, and 90%) as the second factor studied. The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed included total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results: The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the concentrations of total sugar and proline, which were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress were RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions: This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels.
Outcome analysis of posterior cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Suneja Anmol , Deshpande Sanjay , Jadawala Vivek , Goel Sachin 
Published: July 2023

Background - The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), a major stabiliser of the knee, restrains the posterior translation of tibia over femur. Injury to the two bundles of this ligament is usually seen in a motor vehicle accident, followed by dashboard injury. Methods - Non-operative management post posterior cruciate ligament tears includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and rehabilitation. Common surgical procedures include trans-tibial tunnel or tibial inlay technique of graft reconstruction, single bundle or double bundle reconstruction. Literature on outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament injuries managed with either of the methods is sparse; we therefore aim to conduct an interventional study to analyse the patients’ functional status and satisfaction post treatment. Conclusions - Lysholm knee scoring scale and IKDC knee scoring system will be used as outcome measures. The follow up scores are taken 6, 12, 15 and 24 months after the treatment. CTRI registration: REF/2023/06/068422
Association of OCT biomarkers and visual impairment in patients with diabetic macular oedema with vitreomacular adhesion
Authors: Subramanian Brughanya , Devishamani Chitralekha , Raman Rajiv , Ratra Dhanashree 
Published: July 2023

Background
To analyse the distribution of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers in different types of vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) associated visual impairment in diabetic macular oedema.

Methods
A total of 317 eyes of 202 patients were enrolled. Cases were divided into two groups focal VMA and broad VMA and subjects with no VMA were enrolled as controls. A grading platform was used for evaluating the morphology of diabetic macular oedema (DME), using good-quality SD-OCT images. Grading was done for VMA and the biomarkers. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and central subfield thickness (CSFT) was also recorded.

Results
The CRT (p = <0.001) and CSFT (p = <0.001) values were statistically significant between the groups. Except for Inner Nuclear Layer Cysts (p = <0.001), absence of Bridging Tissue that is composed of muller cell fibers and bipolar cells (p<0.001), and Hyper Reflective Dots (HRD) in cyst (p = 0.006) there were no significant differences in the distribution of OCT biomarkers among the 3 groups (focal VMA, broad VMA and no VMA). Only Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers (DRIL) (p = 0.044) showed significant association with vision impairment in all the 3 groups.

Conclusion
The distribution of OCT biomarkers was similar across all eyes of cases and controls. However, they were more likely to be associated with visual impairment in the presence of VMA than no VMA.
A simulation and thermodynamic improvement of the methanol production process with economic analysis: natural gas vapor reforming and utilization of carbon capture
Authors: Zhou Mi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current investigation proposes an efficient process to produce methanol through the natural gas vapor reforming and direct hydrogenating of CO2 that reduces CO2 emission. The proposed process includes methanol synthesis in the catalytic reactor with an injection of carbon dioxide recovered from the plant’s flue and separation of methanol by distillation. An Aspen HYSYS code analyzes the proposed plant to assess the energy, exergy, economic, and environmental performances. Also, the effect of captured CO2 flow on the methanol production, carbon efficiency, stoichiometric number of synthesized gas, and reboiler and condenser duties are investigated as a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that the methanol production rate of 82,040 kg/h provides carbon, energy and exergy efficiencies of 85 %, 77.26 % and 77.32 %, which are higher than the similar proposed plants. Regarding exergy analysis, the total exergy destruction rate is about 238,468.21 kW, in which the reforming and burner sections contribute to the highest portions of about 47 % and 30 %. The global warming potential of the process is obtained at about 0.26

k
g

C
O

2
,
e
q

/

k
g

M
e
O
H

${\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}}_{{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{2,\mathrm{e}\mathrm{q}}}/{\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{H}}$

, which is reduced by captured CO2. The annual costs of investment and income are about 416,772,399 $ and 236,292,429 $, yielding 1.72 years payback period.
Dual port dual drive/LiNb MZM measured modulators based light transmitter sources for ultra-long haul optical wireless systems
Authors: Kumar Darwin Nesakumar Annath , Tamilselvi Mani , Balasubramanian Bhuvaneswari , Ashokkumar Nagarajan , Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Taher Aziz Mahoumd 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study demonstrated the dual port dual drive/LiNb MZM measured modulators based light transmitter sources for ultra-long haul optical wireless systems. The lighted signal spectrum is clarified after OWC channel through the use of LiNb MZM modulators and dual port dual drive MZM measured modulators. Lighted signal power amplitude spectrum variation is measured after OWC channel (150 km reach) through the use of LiNb MZM modulators and dual port dual drive MZM measured modulators. The total base signal band power amplitude value is estimated after OWC channel (150 km reach) through the use of both LiNb MZM modulators and dual port dual drive MZM measured modulators. Light sampled signals analysis based S parameters is clarified and sketched carefully with spectral frequency after amplification stage through the use of LiNb MZM modulators and dual port dual drive MZM measured modulators. Besides, the signal power amplitude quality with spectral time is simulated and sketched after amplification stage through the use of dual port dual drive MZM measured modulators and LiNb MZM modulators.
Findbuch der Bestände Abt. 57 bis Abt. 62
Authors: Rathjen Jörg 
Published: July 2023

Nach Beendigung der schleswig-holsteinischen Erhebung stellten die europäischen Mächte 1851/1852 den dänischen Gesamtstaat wieder her, dem die Herzogtümer Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg angehörten. Dänemark erklärte seinen Verzicht auf einen Anschluss des Herzogtums Schleswig.
1863 entwarf die dänische Regierung jedoch eine neue Verfassung, die auf eine Anbindung des Herzogtums Schleswig an Dänemark und eine Trennung vom Herzogtum Holstein hinauslief. Der Deutsche Bund betrachtete diese Verfassung als Verstoß gegen die internationalen Abmachungen. Als der neue dänische König Christian IX. (reg. 1863-1906) im selben Jahr die Verfassung unterzeichnete, besetzten daher Bundeskontingente die von dänischen Truppen geräumten Herzogtümer Holstein und Lauenburg. Bis zur Errichtung der für diese zuständigen preußischen Regierung zu Schleswig 1868 wurden beide Landesteile in der Folge von preußischen und österreichischen Übergangsbehörden verwaltet.
Der provisorische Charakter dieser Verwaltungen mit ihren zumeist nur wenige Monate tätigen Behörden spiegelt sich auch in der komplexen Bestandsbildung wider.
2007 wurden die Bestände der preußischen und österreichischen Verwaltung neu verzeichnet. Die Bearbeitung gab Anlass, auch eine Bestandsbereinigung durchzuführen. Die Signaturen der einzelnen Abteilungen wurden beibehalten; nur diejenigen mit Buchstabenzusatz erhielten eine neue Nummer, die ebenfalls in einer Konkordanz nachgewiesen ist.
Ein für alle Bestände gemeinsames Orts-, Sach- und Personenregister bildet den Abschluss dieses Findbuchs. Für die Suche nach einem Thema oder einem Sachbegriff sollte zuerst die sachsystematische Gliederung und als Ergänzung das Register genutzt werden.
Peg Periphery-localized Effector Ppe: Unraveling Magnaporthe oryzae Invasion Strategies
Authors: Zheng Wenhui , Fang Wenqin , Zai Xiaoyu , Chen Jia , Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Wu Qiuqiu , Fang Zhenyu , Huang Xiuwei , Gan Xiang , Ebbole Daniel J. , Wang Zonghua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions are governed by the ability of phytopathogens to utilize specialized infection structures and effectors for successful invasion. The rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a significant threat to global food production. In this study, we investigate the role of a novel apoplastic effector, peg periphery-localized effector (Ppe), in M. oryzae invasion. We demonstrate that Ppe is specifically expressed during plant infection and exhibits dynamic spatiotemporal localizations. It is preferentially localized to a ring structure at the collar of penetration peg formed by appressoria or transpressoria although occasionally observed in vesicle-like structures within the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC). Through the unconventional secretion pathway involving the exocyst complex and t-SNAREs, Ppe is delivered to the rice apoplastic interface. Genetic analysis reveals that while the Δppe mutant does not exhibit developmental differences compared to the wild type, it displays reduced pathogenicity due to defects in rice penetration and expansion. Furthermore, Ppe suppresses the expression of plant defense-related genes and attenuates callose deposition at plasmodesmata, thereby facilitating fungal invasion. Our findings highlight the key role of Ppe as a novel effector in M. oryzae invasion and emphasize the significance of the peg as an infection structure and effector deployment site for overcoming host defense responses.
Prevalence and risk factors of deep venous thrombosis of hospitalizations in plateau: A cross-section analysis
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Pan Shiqin , Li Yuemei , Luo Mingqin , Li Xiaofang , Ma Hongmei , Zhang Jingni , Wang Limei , Yong Cuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: To elucidate the prevalence of and associated risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients in plateau areas.
Methods: We enrolled patients who were hospitalized in three grade III-a hospitals in Qinghai Province, China, between January 2020 and October 2020. The demographic and clinical data and laboratory results were collected at admission. Simultaneously, we performed ultrasonography of the bilateral lower extremities, and the length of hospital stay was collected before discharge.
Results: In total, 3432 patients were enrolled; of them, 159 were diagnosed with DVT (4.60%). The total length of hospital stay of patients with DVT was longer than that of those without DVT (16.40 ± 7.66 vs. 14.77 ± 8.55 days). Age of >50 years (OR = 1.969, 95% CI: 1.192–3.252, P = 0.008), residence altitude of ≥3000 m (OR = 2.344, 95% CI: 1.238–4.438, P = 0.009), D-dimer level of ≥0.5 mg/L (OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.813–3.529, P < 0.001), comorbidities (OR = 1.906, 95% CI: 1.365–2.662, P < 0.001),history of varicose veins (OR = 2.202, 95% CI: 1.096–4.425, P = 0.027), and current medications (OR = 2.591, 95% CI: 1.857–3.616, P < 0.001) were identified as risk factors for DVT in plateau areas.
Conclusion: The prevalence of DVT in hospitalized patients in plateau areas was 4.60%. We recommend considering individualized risk stratification (age > 50 years, residence altitude ≥ 3000 m, history of varicose veins, D-dimer level ≥ 0.5 mg/L, current medications, and comorbidities) for patients at admission.
Cervical amniotic fluid bacterial colonization, antibiotic susceptibility and associated factors among women with premature rupture of membranes at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Ainomugisha Brenda , Bazira Joel , Agaba David Collins , Owaraganise Asiphas , Tibaijuka Leevan , Mugyenyi Godfrey R , Kayondo Musa , Muhumuza Joy , Migisha Richard , Ngonzi Joseph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground Bacterial colonization is a recognized cause of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), a predictor of poor maternal and fetal outcomes. Despite routine use of antibiotics in women with PROM, data on antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Uganda are limited. We determined the prevalence and associated factors of cervical amniotic fluid bacterial colonization, and described the bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among women seeking care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in Southwestern Uganda. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at MRRH from December 21, 2020 to June 12, 2021. We consecutively enrolled women with PROM at ≥ 24 weeks of gestation, and aseptically picked two endo-cervical swabs irrespective of prior antibiotic use. Aerobic cultures were performed on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agars and incubated at 35–37◦C for 24–72 hours. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on culture-negative samples. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and dilution method. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain participants’ characteristics. We performed multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with bacterial colonization. Results We enrolled 144 participants with mean age of 26.5 ± 6.2 years. Prevalence of cervical amniotic bacterial colonisation was 35.4% (n = 51; 95%CI: 28.0–43.7). Six bacteria were isolated:Klebsiella pneumoniae(n = 15; 34.1%),Staphylococcus aureus(n = 11; 25.0%),Enterobacter agglomerans(n = 10; 22.7%),Escherichia coli(n = 3; 6.8%),Streptococcus spp(n = 3; 6.8%), andEnterococcus faecalis(n = 2; 4.6%). Ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest sensitivity (88.6%), followed by cefuroxime (75%), while all isolated bacteria demonstrated resistance to ampicillin. Factors independently associated with cervical amniotic fluid bacterial colonisation were prime gravidity (aOR = 2.69; 95%CI: 1.07–6.71,p = 0.035), obesity (aOR = 3.15; 95%CI: 1.10–9.11,p = 0.024) and being referred-in (aOR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04–5.3,p = 0.038). Conclusion Approximately one-third of the women had cervical amniotic fluid bacterial colonization, with all the bacterial isolates being resistant to ampicillin —the recommended first line of treatment for PROM by the Ministry of Health. There is a need to review the guidelines for the prophylactic use of ampicillin in PROM in our setting. Revising treatment protocols and considering alternative antibiotics based on local resistance patterns could improve patient outcomes and prevent complications associated with ineffective antibiotic therapy in the context of PROM.
Removal of antimony and aniline from wastewater by PMS combined with electrocoagulation
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Shu Yu , Cai Ao , Huang Yuehong , Qi Beimeng , Zhao Jingrao , Fu Hailu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Antimony (Sb) and aniline are typical pollutants in printing and dyeing wastewater. This study explored the simultaneous removal of Sb and aniline by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) combined with electroflocculation (EC) and the removal mechanisms were systematically studied. The effects of PMS concentration, NaCl concentration, and initial pH on the removal efficiency were investigated. Under the optimal condition (anode: iron plate, cathode: aluminum plate, current density: 20 A/m2, PMS concentration: 2.5 mM, NaCl concentration: 0.1 mol/L, and initial pH: 8), Sb and aniline could be removed entirely after 20 min of reaction. The results showed that PMS facilitated the formation of iron flocs, improving the Sb removal efficiency, and electrical activation of PMS was conducive to the removal of aniline. In addition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiments confirmed that 1O2 contributed most to the degradation of aniline, followed by •OH and SO4•−. This study demonstrated that the EC/PMS system could remove heavy metals and organic matter simultaneously, and the system can be extended to treating similar printing and dyeing wastewater.
Planning and Designing The Development of Software Library for Deep Learning
Authors: Rachmawati Oktavia Citra Resmi , Barakbah Ali Ridho , Karlita Tita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In recent years, deep learning has achieved noteworthy success in various applications. The existing DL libraries widely used by researchers are too complex and challenging to modify the code functions with the custom mathematical formula for research purposes. Thus, we propose a software library related to deep learning that facilitates researchers and practitioners in academia and industry to mutate the training model function with the specific equation. In this paper, we address preparation before developing a software library for deep learning to inspire the researcher who wants to develop a software library. They can utilize our research methodology step by step to conduct the software library architecture design process. We perform four main phases with different activities that execute sequentially to construct a software library intended for deep learning implementation into code practically, and we produce 11 documents to facilitate the transfer of detailed knowledge from us as the pioneer developer of a software library for deep learning that will be part of Analytical Library Intelligent-computing (ALI) to the following developers.