bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scintillating Relationship with Cambridge, 1948–1951
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPawsey returned from his travels clearly determined to maintain the RPL’s leading position in “radio astronomy” internationally. His trip had shown him that no other group was quite so advanced as RPL—and had also underscored the reality that maintaining this leadership required the additional effort of keeping the work at RPL prominent in the awareness of groups of scientists at a significant distance. As with most forms of structural disadvantage, the costs of distance were visible to those who bore them (ie, the Australians) but not so to those who benefited (Cambridge).
Finite Resources: Pawsey and the HI-Line, 1948–1960
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the group at RPL had the equipment and the talent to have achieved one of the ground-breaking discoveries of early radio astronomy—the detection of the HI line in 1951. Yet they did not. In this chapter we revisit the question of why not, adding additional insights into the chain of events, including some revision of earlier versions of these events. As the group’s leader, this missed opportunity must be, and was, attributable to Pawsey; and yet not for the reasons that some retrospective accounts have suggested (see ESM 20.1, A Review of Recollections, for additional details of the imperfect memories of Bowen and Bolton.).
Reflections on GRT Science, post 1961
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs 1961 began, John Bolton re-joined CSIRO in early January. On 24 February 1961, a meeting of the 210-foot Radio Telescope Committee (aka the GRT) was held with Bowen (chair), Minnett (secretary), Pawsey, Beard, Higgs, Bolton, Cooper, Day, Mathewson, McCready and McGee. Pawsey had prepared a document 2 days earlier that set out a plan of action for the GRT; the construction was expected to be completed by August 1961. Pawsey described Phase 1 tests of the new aerial, consisting of determinations of the shape of the dish, pointing accuracy as a function of position, wind and temperature. An example was the determination of the “… directional patterns at various polarisations to access dish accuracy, the determination of the radio axis of the dish … The measurements will require a series of radio sources of known positions distributed over the coverage of the telescope.”
Pawsey and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScientists are mostly not especially reflective on the nature of science itself—or at least not in public. The history, philosophy and sociology (HPS) of science may be of interest, but science is complex and time for contemplation of the enterprise is limited. Pawsey, from the records that remain, was little different. But he had grown up in a family where ideas and values were taken seriously, and in an era that questioned established truths concerning religion, morality, the relations of Empire, the rights of working men (and women), and of course, after WWII, unquestioned loyalty to authorities.
The Evolution of Aperture Synthesis Imaging
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe theme of interference between radio waves played a key unifying role throughout Pawsey’s career. Pawsey used radio-wave interference to study the structure of the ionosphere for his PhD research (Chap. 7), and it was Pawsey who first realised that radio images of the sky could be made from measurements of radio interference. Since these observations are made in the aperture plane and not the image plane, this is referred to as “indirect imaging”. When electromagnetic waves from the same source combine, they can either reinforce or cancel depending on the path difference. This makes the classical beating interference patterns often referred to as “fringes”. The first interference patterns in the radio were seen by Hertz between 1886 and 1889 during the course of his experiments to prove that the radio waves he had detected had the interference properties predicted by Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory (Pierce, 1910).
After the PhD: Electric and Musical Industries (EMI) and Marriage to Lenore Nicoll, 1934–1939
Authors: Goss W. M. , Hooker Claire , Ekers Ronald D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe do not know how Pawsey envisioned the best possible life and career for himself as he neared the end of his PhD studies. The evidence suggests that he was not interested in basic research, and he would not become so until after World War II. His correspondence indicates that he considered himself best suited to applied work and wanted to undertake this in an industry context. He had sought such work before coming to Cambridge. Or was the Depression affecting his optimism about a research career?
A Global Database of Giant Landslides on Volcanic Islands
Authors: Rowberry Matt , Klimeš Jan , Blahůt Jan , Balek Jan , Kusák Michal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a comprehensive online database of giant landslides on volcanic islands compiled by researchers from the Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, in the framework of IPL Project 212. The database was constructed from 2016 to 2018. It comprises a total of seventy-five events from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, sixty-seven events from the Pacific Ocean, and forty events from the Indian Ocean. In this paper some of the main benefits of landslide inventories and thematic databases are outlined and the global distribution of giant landslides on volcanic islands is described in depth. The database is hosted on the website of the Institute of Rock Structure & Mechanics and records can be downloaded as a spreadsheet or kml file for integration in a number of geospatial programs including ArcGIS and Google Earth. However, since completion of the database in 2018, a number of potentially significant studies of giant landslides on volcanic islands have been published from archipelagos in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans while outstanding modern analogues for past events are represented by the collapse of Anak Krakatau on 22 December 2018 and the collapse of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai on 15 January 2022. Consequently, the recent literature will be scrutinized with the aim of updating information already contained in the database while two new layers are planned: the first of these will provide information about recent volcanic collapses and the second will provide information about the long-term instrumental monitoring of giant landslides. It is intended that the second release of the database will be available online in early 2023.
LS-RAPID Manual with Video Tutorials
Authors: Ajmera Beena , Ahari Hossein Emami , Loi Doan Huy , Setiawan Hendy , Dang Khang , Sassa Kyoji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLS-RAPID is an integrated simulation model capable of capturing the entire landslide process starting from a state of stability to landslide initiation and movement to the mass deposition. This paper provides an overview of the use of LS-RAPID to simulate landslide case histories around the world, provides a manual for readers to begin using the program for simulations, and describes the use of the program for several models. Specific steps to use the basic and advanced features in LS-RAPID are provided within the paper. Additionally, video tutorials are provided to supplement the descriptive steps provided in this paper. These tutorials are developed to focus on individual aspects of the program. The paper concludes with three tutorials that provide a complete walk-through of the use of the program from start to finish. These tutorials are for (1) an example of a rainfall-induced failure, (2) an example of an earthquake-induced failure, and (3) the case study of the Atami debris flow. The Atami debris flow illustrates the ability of LS-RAPID to reproduce reliable results associated with the initiation and runout motions of the observed failure.
Natural-Hazard-Related Web Observatory as a Sustainable Development Tool
Authors: Mikoš Matjaž , Bezak Nejc , Costa Joao Pita , Massri M. Besher , Novalija Inna , Jermol Mitja , Grobelnik Marko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing the Internet and wealth of data and knowledge available on the Web, so-called web observatories have been developed in the last decade—in very different fields of use. The article discusses the use of such observatories to support the implementation of sustainable development at different scales. The focus is on landslides as risk to society, and since they are related to water and soil, a web-based observatory on natural hazards, including landslides, can draw upon water- and soil-related observatories that are used worldwide as a sustainable development tool. A new landslide observatory may support major global initiatives to adapt to climate change. The Observatory’s vision, structure and use can be built upon the experiences gathered by developing a global water observatory for smart water management, using Artificial Intelligence tools. UNESCO Chair on Water-related Disaster Risk Reduction of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and the UNESCO International Research Institute on Artificial Intelligence at the Institute Jožef Stefan, Slovenia, have joined efforts and knowledge to develop a new global web observatory (tentatively first as the Landslide Observatory) to be used by different stakeholders when implementing global climate adaptation policies and relevant European Union strategies. The information gathered on the internet is structured, and shown using geolocators for different regions and/or countries. For interpretation of world-wide web data, landslide expert knowledge is used.
Mapping Post-fire Monthly Erosion Rates at the Catchment Scale Using Empirical Models Implemented in GIS. A Case Study in Northern Italy
Authors: Vacha Damiano , Mandrone Giuseppe , Morresi Donato , Garbarino Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPost-wildfire geological hazards are an emerging problem for a number of different environments, including areas not typically associated with these events such as the Alpine Region. The risk connected with post-fire processes such as debris-flows and flood-type events threatens people, infrastructures, services and economical activities. Apart from a few examples, such as in the USA and Australia, there is a lack of models available to quantify the increase in susceptibility of the aforementioned phenomena as a result of the modification induced by the wildfires. In this work we test the application of a modified version of the RUSLE, on GIS, to quantify the post-fire erosive phenomena for a case study in the north-western Italian Alps. The results of its application, taking advantage of high-resolution rainfall series and data deriving from field surveys, highlight the marked increase (more than 20 times) in erosion rates, quantified by expressing both the EI (erodibility index), the A (monthly soil loss) and the SL (monthly sediment loss) rise. The months of April, May and June represent the larger share of the total quantities. This is a consequence of the noticeable increase of the EI, which for the post-fire scenario is more than one order of magnitude higher than the pre-fire one.
Challenges and Lessons Learned from Heavy Rainfall-Induced Geo-disasters Over the Last Decade in Kyushu Island, Japan
Authors: Yasufuku Noriyuki , Alowiasy Adel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, heavy rainfall events have been inducing devastating geo-disasters, floods, sediments and debris flows in different regions around Japan, causing severe damage to lives and properties. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the frequency and intensity of localized torrential rainfall events are expected to increase. This study initially highlights the increasing geo-disaster-inducing forces in relation to the deterioration of the social infrastructure and the decline in the labor forces in Japan. Furthermore, several geo-disasters within Kyushu Island, Japan, which seem to occur repeatedly, were analyzed considering the prevailed conditions and the adopted mitigation and prevention protocols. Consequently, the necessity for developing innovative systems and techniques that integrate the academic disciplines in collaboration with the residents and the government was evidently asserted. Moreover, the recent progress in establishing comprehensive geo-hazard vulnerability assessment methods and techniques that consider the regional characteristics, mainly Kyushu and Hokkaido islands, was introduced.
Landslide Detection and Spatial Prediction: Application of Data and Information from Landslide Maps
Authors: Mihalić Arbanas Snježana , Bernat Gazibara Sanja , Krkač Martin , Sinčić Marko , Lukačić Hrvoje , Jagodnik Petra , Arbanas Željko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe need for landslide maps of wider areas has increased with the understanding that proper planning will considerably decrease the construction and maintenance cost of structures. The main objective of the paper is to present types of data and information on landslides that can be derived from landslide inventory and landslide susceptibility maps and their use for spatial and urban planning. Recent examples of landslide zonation maps from Croatia are given to show the possibility of the derivation of data about landslides by using LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) DTM (Digital Terrain Model) for the compilation of historical landslide inventory. The application of data about landslide phenomena is compared with the application of information from landslide susceptibility zonation maps. It is concluded that a multi-level and hierarchical approach is necessary to reach the cost-effectiveness of nationwide production of landside maps for land-use planning.
Lessons Learned from Landslides of Socio-economic and Environmental Significance in India
Authors: Parkash Surya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe World Centre of Excellence on Landslides Disaster Reduction at the National Institute of Disaster Management, Delhi, India carried out a brief study on documentation of landslides to prepare archival records of the socio-economically and environmentally significant landslides in India and bring out the lessons learned from these events. The relevant literature and reports on landslides have been studied along with the news archives of the landslide events from the media. The data, thus obtained, has been analyzed, compared and categorized based on certain parameters to classify them on the basis of socio-economic and environmental damages or losses by each event. The paper provides an insight into the approach adopted, criteria devised for defining and classifying the socio-economically and environmentally significant landslides while using the available information from thee archival records of these landslide events. Though there have been more than 70,000 landslides recorded by various organizations in different parts of the country yet the author could identify only 412 landslides that can be taken up as socio-economically and environmentally significant landslides from the year 1868 to 2022. Further, these landslides have been classified as low, moderate and high socio-economic significance to differentiate the degree of damages and losses from these events, including both direct and indirect costs. The study also attempted to focus on actions taken (right or wrong, good and the bad practices) as well as the lessons learned for key takeaways in future strategies and practices. The National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India, has already brought out National Guidelines on Management of Landslides during the year 2009 and National Landslides Risk Mitigation Strategy during the year 2019. Such guidelines, policies, plans, procedures and practices may be made more effective by considering the lessons drawn from the past landslides events.
Teaching Tool “Undrained Dynamic Loading Ring Shear Testing with Video”
Authors: Loi Doan Huy , Jayakody S. H. S. , Sassa Kyoji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUndrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus (UDRA) is most appropriate to study landslide dynamics by simulating the entire process from the initial stage of stress before landslide occurrence and stress changes due to static, dynamic loading or pore pressure changes or other types of stress loading to the formation of a sliding surface and the steady-state shear resistance. This paper describes the mechanical structure of the apparatus of UDRA and provides a manual for readers to begin using the UDRA. Specific steps for testing procedures with video tutorials and data analysis are also provided in this paper. The paper concludes with a manual from start to finish for common ring shear tests: undrained monotonic shear stress control test, undrained cyclic loading test, undrained seismic loading test, and pore pressure control test.
Landslide Research and Technology in Patent Documents
Authors: Mikoš Matjaž 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScience, Technology, and Innovation play a crucial role in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SF DRR). The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) initiated the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025 as a voluntary commitment to SF DRR. In 2020, the ICL launched the Kyoto 2020 Commitment for Global Promotion of Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk (KLC 2020) as a follow-up of the Sendai Landslide Partnerships 2015–2025. Closely related to the above-mentioned Innovation are patents as a form of intellectual property rights and are often used as an innovation assessment parameter. This article reports on a study conducted to look at the patent documents that are available in open-access databases in order to evaluate how well they relate to the field of landslide research and technology. Landslide-related patent documents were extracted using different search terms in the patent document titles, abstracts, claims and/or their general text from the Google Patents, using the Espacenet tools from the European Patent Office, and the Derwent Patent Index inside the Web of Science offered by Clarivate Analytics, respectively. The extracted patent documents were analyzed with regard to the applicant respectively inventor affiliation (academic, non-academic, country of affiliation) and to the technical field of a patent using well-known patent classifications. The most active countries claiming landslide-related patents were recognized. Furthermore, review and research articles in SpringerLink and SCOPUS databases were searched to study how often scientific articles are citing landslide-related patents. The results of the study can be summarized as follow: (i) in the Google Patents database there are 15,000 + landslide-related patent documents, and in the Espacenet and the Derwent Innovation index database 5000+, respectively. In the patents titles, abstracts, and claims, processes are more often used to describe the patent than the technology; (ii) the number of technological (non-science) based patents is higher than that of academic (science-based) patents, with some specific field of applications, where the situation is the opposite; (iii) with regard to the different areas of technology to which landslide-related patent documents pertain, the categories “G-Physics” and “E-Fixed constructions” are clearly prevailing: “G” for debris flows and landslides, and “E” for fallings rocks and mudflows; (iv) the majority of landslide-related patents are filled and/or granted in China, followed by Japan and South Korea, USA and EU member countries—five major emerging economies (called BRICS) are outperforming developed countries, with a very prevailing Chinese contribution; (v) only a fraction of the order of a few one-in-thousands of landslide-related patents documents are cited in journal review and research articles.
Scalable Platform for UAV Flight Operations, Data Capture, Cloud Processing and Image Rendering of Landslide Hazards and Surface Change Detection for Disaster-Risk Reduction
Authors: Huntley David , Rotheram-Clarke Drew , MacLeod Roger , Cocking Robert , LeSueur Philip , Lakeland Bill , Wilson Alec 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis International Programme on Landslide (IPL) Project 202 paper presents a scalable remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS) platform that streamlines unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) flight operations for data capture, cloud processing and image rendering to inventory and monitor slow-moving landslides along the national railway transportation corridor in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Merging UAV photogrammetry, ground-based real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK-GNSS) measurements, and satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) datasets best characterizes the distribution, morphology and activity of landslides over time. Our study shows that epochal UAV photogrammetry, benchmarked with periodic ground-based RTK-GNSS measurements and satellite InSAR platforms with repeat visit times of weeks (e.g., RADARSAT-2 and SENTINEL-1) to days (e.g. RADARSAT Constellation Mission) provides rapid landslide monitoring capability with cm-scale precision and accuracy.
Assessment of the Effects of Rainfall Frequency on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using AHP Method: A Case Study for a Mountainous Region in Central Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Chi Cong , Vo Phuoc , Doan Viet Long , Nguyen Quang Binh , Nguyen Tien Cuong , Nguyen Quoc Dinh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVietnam’s mountainous regions often encounter landslides, frequently resulting in fatalities, infrastructure damage, and landscape destruction. A landslide susceptibility map is an effective tool for mitigating disaster impacts on hazard-prone areas. This study investigates the applicability of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to produce a landslide susceptibility index. Eight major impact factors are analyzed using SAGA, a GIS-based toolkit, including slopes, aspect, land use, soil type, elevation, distance to road, distance to stream, and antecedent rainfall. Four landslide susceptibility maps are produced corresponding to frequency scenarios of 3-day antecedent rainfall data which is taken from Regional Frequency Analysis (RFA). We assess the modeling performances using Area Under the Curve (AUC) index and the results show that the AHP model has good performance. The findings demonstrate a significant influence of rainfall antecedent conditions on the susceptibility map of landslides in this study area.