bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological Analogy for Generative Adversarial Networks and Diversity Control
Authors: Nakazato Kenichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Generative adversarial networks are popular deep neural networks for generative modeling in the field of artificial intelligence. In the generative modeling, we want to output a sample with some random numbers as an input. We train the artificial neural network with a training data set for the purpose. The network is known with astonishingly fruitful demonstrations, but we know the difficulty in the training because of the complex training dynamics. Here, we introduce an ecological analogy for the training dynamics. With the simple ecological model, we can understand the dynamics. Furthermore, a controller for the training can be designed based on the understanding. We then demonstrate how the network and the controller work with an ideal case, MNIST.
Cyclic Depsipeptides and Linear Peptides With Cytotoxic and Antiphytopathogenic Activities From Symbiotic Bacteria ofXenorhabdus(Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae) Genus
Authors: Zolfaghariyan Sahar , Shakeri Abolfazl , Asili Javad , Tarighi Saeed , Grün Peter , Shi ­Yi-Ming , Bode Helge B , Karimi Javad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn the basis of biological activities of the ethyl acetate extracts of four Xenorhabdus sp., including Xenorhabdus nematophila FUM 220, Xenorhabdus nematophila FUM 221, Xenorhabdus bovienii FUM 222, and Xenorhabdus bovienii FUM 223, X. nematophila FUM 220 was preferentially selected to track the isolation of responsible compounds. Chemical study on the ethyl acetate extract of X. nematophila isolate FUM220 which is derived from the native nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), was evaluated, and eleven compounds, including xenocoumacin II (1), xenortide-396 (2), xenortide A (3), xenortide-410 (4), xenortide-449 (5), xenematide A 663 (6), rhabdopeptide-574 (7), rhabdopeptide-588 (8), rhabdopeptide-687 (9), rhabdopeptide-701 (10), and nematophin-273 (11) were characterized. In this experimental study, we surveyed the antitumoral potential of bacterial extract and bacterial metabolites to treat human breast cancer (MCF-7), human lung cancer (A549), and murine Tumor (B16) cell lines. We observed that all samples were cytotoxic, but bacterial extracts of X. nematophila FUM 220 and X. bovienii FUM 223 showed higher toxicity on mentioned cell lines. Potent cytotoxic activity was found for compounds 6 and 11 with IC50 of 6.2 μg/ml against human lung cancer A549 cell lines, too. These compounds showed moderated antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain Xoo-IR42 (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) (MIC of 62.5 μg/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus strain 1112 (Bacillales: Staphylococcaceae) (MIC of 100 μg/ml). The bacterial extracts from X. bovienii FUM 222 showed strong inhibition of the growth of S. aureus strain 1112, by a minimal inhibitory concentration assay (MIC of 53.5 μg/ml). Xenorhabdus genera produce metabolites with potent cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Single compounds can be isolated, identified, and commercialized, but various species or strains may change their anticancer or antimicrobial potential. The present study brings new clues regarding the qualified of Xenorhabdus as future peptide sources for supplying natural bioactive compounds and challenge multidrug-resistant bacteria, treat cancer, and plant diseases.
Baclofen Combined With Psychosocial Care is Useful and Safe in Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis Patients: A Real-Life Multicenter Study
Authors: Barrault Camille , Alqallaf Shuaib , Lison Hortensia , Lamote-Chaouche Isabelle , Bourcier Valérie , Laugier Joëlle , Thevenot Thierry , Labarriere Damien , Ripault Marie-Pierre , Le Gruyer Antonia , Costentin Charlotte , Behar Véronique , Hagege Hervé , Jung Camille , Cadranel Jean-François ,   The ANGH OBADE Group
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol-related cirrhosis is a frequent and difficult-to-treat disease. Despite the low hepatic metabolism of baclofen, data on its use in this subgroup are scarce. The French multicenter Observatory of patients treated with Baclofen for Alcohol DEpendence real-life cohort assessed: (a) prescription modalities of baclofen in liver units; (b) safety profile of baclofen; and (c) declared alcohol intake, biological markers of excessive alcohol intake and hepatic function at 12 months.MethodsAll consecutive patients with cirrhosis who received baclofen to reduce alcohol consumption or maintain abstinence were prospectively included. Psychosocial management was always associated. Clinical and biological data were collected every 3 months for 1 year.ResultsBetween November 2013 and December 2016, 71 in- or outpatients were included from 10 liver units. Of the patients, 25% had ascites. After 12 months, 52 patients (73%) were still being followed, and 41 (57.7%) were still receiving baclofen at a mean dosage of 75 mg/day (r30-210). The overall declared consumption decreased from 100.2 to 14.7 g/day (P &lt; 0.0001), and 29 patients (40.8%) reached abstinence. Significant improvement in the usual biomarkers of excessive alcohol intake (AST, GGT and MCV) and liver function (Prothrombin ratio (PTr), albumin levels) were observed. The usual side effects such as drowsiness were frequent (22%) but no serious adverse events (AEs) or overt encephalopathy related to baclofen was reported.ConclusionIn this 1-year follow-up series, baclofen was combined with psychosocial treatment in patients with cirrhosis and was well tolerated. This treatment was associated with a significant decrease in declared alcohol consumption as well as improvement in hepatic function.
Volumetric Comparison Between CT Scans and Smartphone-Based Photogrammetry in Patients Undergoing Chin Augmentation With Autologous Fat Graft
Authors: Lobato Rodolfo Costa , Camargo Cristina Pires , Buelvas Bustillo Adriana Margarita , Ishida Luiz Carlos , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe most accurate methods for assessing fat grafted volume, such as computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging, use 3-dimensional (3D) evaluation of the recipient area. Currently, other measurement techniques such as photogrammetry (compilation of photos) are employed.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare 3D images obtained by CT scan with those obtained by photogrammetry in patients undergoing autogenous fat grafting to the chin.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was undertaken to assess patients undergoing autologous fat grafting to the chin, capturing preoperative and postoperative (6 months) images with CT scan and photogrammetry. Captured images were submitted to 3D reconstruction with Blender image software.ResultsA total of 40 patients were submitted to surgery. Seventy-five percent were female. Median age and BMI were 26.5 years and 23.6 kg/m2, respectively. Median volume of fat grafted was 10 mL (interquartile range 8-12.25 mL). Results showed that the median preoperative volume measured by CT scan was larger than the photogrammetry measurement (12.48 mL vs 12.01 mL, respectively, P &lt; .001). Likewise, a larger volume was measured by CT scan than by photogrammetry (15.54 mL vs 14.94 mL respectively, P &lt; .001) 6 months postoperatively. However, there was no difference between CT scan and photogrammetry measurements of the change in volume from preoperatively to postoperatively (P = .89).ConclusionsThere was no agreement between fat graft volume measurements obtained by 3D photogrammetry and CT scan techniques with regard to absolute values of fat graft volume measurements, however no difference was found between the 2 methods when comparing preoperative with postoperative fat graft volume variation.
A Comprehensive Ultrasound Evaluation Approach of Lower Facial Structure Before Masseter Muscle Botulinum Toxin Injection
Authors: Li Zhujun , Chi Yarong , Chen Cheng , Jin Lin , Huang Jiuzuo , Long Xiao , Yu Nanze 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Masseter reduction by botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injection is a popular procedure in East Asia. Inappropriate injection can result in various complications.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an approach for comprehensively evaluating the lower facial structure based on the shape of the mandible angle, the thickness of the masseter, and the thickness of subcutaneous fat.

Methods
Clinical profiles and standard ultrasound images were collected from patients seeking masseter BoNT-A injections. Lower facial structures were evaluated based on 3 aspects: mandible, masseter, and subcutaneous fat and skin. The mandibular angle was classified as extroverted, straight, or introverted. The starting point of the middle part of the masseter was recorded. The thickness of the deep inferior tendon, the superficial and deep belly of the superficial part of the masseter, and their contractility were measured. Overall thickness and the thickness of subcutaneous fat and skin were also measured.

Results
Eighty-four masseters from 42 patients were included. Straight mandibular angles were the most common type of angle (48.81%), followed by introverted (26.19%) and extroverted angles (25.00%). The middle part of the masseter starts from 2.33 [0.36] cm (mean [standard deviation]) above the mandible edge, which is above the usual injection points. The superficial belly was thicker than the deep belly in both static and clenching states (P = .048, P = .001) and had greater contractility. The average overall thickness was 1.87 [0.29] cm.

Conclusions
Comprehensive evaluation of the lower facial contour and structure based on ultrasound examination could be a reliable and replicable assessment approach.

Level of Evidence: 4
AdaPPI: identification of novel protein functional modules via adaptive graph convolution networks in a protein–protein interaction network
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Cai Yunpeng , Ji Chaojie , Selvaraj Gurudeeban , Wei Dongqing , Wu Hongyan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIdentifying unknown protein functional modules, such as protein complexes and biological pathways, from protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, provides biologists with an opportunity to efficiently understand cellular function and organization. Finding complex nonlinear relationships in underlying functional modules may involve a long-chain of PPI and pose great challenges in a PPI network with an unevenly sparse and dense node distribution. To overcome these challenges, we propose AdaPPI, an adaptive convolution graph network in PPI networks to predict protein functional modules. We first suggest an attributed graph node presentation algorithm. It can effectively integrate protein gene ontology attributes and network topology, and adaptively aggregates low- or high-order graph structural information according to the node distribution by considering graph node smoothness. Based on the obtained node representations, core cliques and expansion algorithms are applied to find functional modules in PPI networks. Comprehensive performance evaluations and case studies indicate that the framework significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We also presented potential functional modules based on their confidence.
Predicting molecular properties based on the interpretable graph neural network with multistep focus mechanism
Authors: Tian Yanan , Wang Xiaorui , Yao Xiaojun , Liu Huanxiang , Yang Ying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Graph neural networks based on deep learning methods have been extensively applied to the molecular property prediction because of its powerful feature learning ability and good performance. However, most of them are black boxes and cannot give the reasonable explanation about the underlying prediction mechanisms, which seriously reduce people’s trust on the neural network-based prediction models. Here we proposed a novel graph neural network named iteratively focused graph network (IFGN), which can gradually identify the key atoms/groups in the molecule that are closely related to the predicted properties by the multistep focus mechanism. At the same time, the combination of the multistep focus mechanism with visualization can also generate multistep interpretations, thus allowing us to gain a deep understanding of the predictive behaviors of the model. For all studied eight datasets, the IFGN model achieved good prediction performance, indicating that the proposed multistep focus mechanism also can improve the performance of the model obviously besides increasing the interpretability of built model. For researchers to use conveniently, the corresponding website (http://graphadmet.cn/works/IFGN) was also developed and can be used free of charge.
Neuroanatomical mapping of the lumbosacral spinal cord in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury
Authors: Mesbah Samineh , Herrity April , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Angeli Claudia , Gerasimenko Yury , Boakye Maxwell , Harkema Susan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith emerging applications of spinal cord electrical stimulation in restoring autonomic and motor function after spinal cord injury, understanding the neuroanatomical substrates of the human spinal cord after spinal cord injury using neuroimaging techniques can play a critical role in optimizing the outcomes of these stimulation-based interventions. In this study, we have introduced a neuroimaging acquisition and analysis protocol of the spinal cord in order to identify: (i) spinal cord levels at the lumbosacral enlargement using nerve root tracing; (ii) variability in the neuroanatomical characteristics of the spinal cord among individuals; (iii) location of the epidural stimulation paddle electrode and contacts with respect to the spinal cord levels at lumbosacral enlargement; and (iv) the links between the anatomical levels of stimulation and the corresponding neurophysiological motor responses. Twelve individuals with chronic, motor complete spinal cord injury implanted with a spinal cord epidural stimulator were included in the study (age: 34 ± 10.9 years, sex: 10 males, 2 females, time since injury: 8.2 ± 9.9 years, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale: 6 A, 6 B). High-resolution MRI scans of the spinal cord were recorded pre-implant. An analysis of neuroanatomical substrates indicates that the length of the spinal column and spinal cord, location of the conus tip and the relationship between the spinal cord levels and vertebral levels, particularly at the lumbosacral enlargement, are variable across individuals. There is no statistically significant correlation between the length of the spinal column and the length of the spinal cord. The percentage of volumetric coverage of the lumbosacral spinal cord by the epidural stimulation paddle electrode ranges from 33.4 to 90.4% across participants. The location of the spinal cord levels with respect to the electrode contacts varies across individuals and impacts the recruitment patterns of neurophysiological responses. Finally, MRI-based spinal cord modelling can be used as a guide for the prediction and preplanning of optimum epidural stimulation paddle placement prior to the implant surgery to ensure maximizing functional outcomes. These findings highlight the crucial role that the neuroanatomical characteristics of the spinal cord specific to each individual play in achieving maximum functional benefits with spinal cord electrical stimulation.
Intravenous fluid therapy in accordance with kidney injury risk: when to prescribe what volume of which solution
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Mizrak Berk , Ortiz Alberto , Soler Maria Jose 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients while common risk factors for the development of AKI include postoperative settings, patients with baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) or congestive heart failure. Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy is a crucial component of care for prevention and treatment of AKI. In this narrative review, we update the approach to IV fluid therapy in hospitalized patients including the timing of fluid prescription, and the choice of fluid type, amount and infusion rate along with the potential adverse effects of various crystalloid and colloid solutions, addressing specifically their use in patients with acute kidney disease, CKD or heart failure, and their potential impact on the risk of hospital-acquired AKI.
Partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition mediated by HIF-induced CD45 in neointima formation upon carotid artery ligation
Authors: Yamashiro Yoshito , Ramirez Karina , Nagayama Kazuaki , Hattori Naoko , Liu Yu-Yu , Matsunaga Shinji , Tomita Shuhei , Kubota Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Hiromi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a fundamental process in vascular remodelling. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of vascular remodelling during neointima formation and the source of neointima cells are not entirely understood.

Methods and results
To investigate the origin of neointima cells and their relevance to vascular wall remodelling, we used an endothelial cell (EC)-specific lineage tracing system [VE-Cadherin (Cdh5)-BAC-CreERT2 mice] and carotid artery ligation model and showed evidence that resident ECs transdifferentiate into neointima cells with the expression of CD45. During the early stages of neointima formation, ECs transiently expressed CD45, a haematopoietic marker, accompanied by a host of EndMT markers, and CD31 and αSMA were prominently expressed in developing neointima. In vitro, CD45-positive EndMT was induced by stabilization of HIF1α with cobalt chloride or with a VHL inhibitor in human primary ECs, which mimicked the hypoxic condition of the ligated artery, and promoted the formation of an integrin α11-shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) complex. Notably, a CD45 phosphatase inhibitor disrupted this integrin α11-SHARPIN complex, thereby destabilizing cell–cell junctions. Deletion of Hif1α in ECs suppressed expression of CD45 and EndMT markers and ameliorated neointima formation.

Conclusion
These results suggest that the HIF-induced CD45 expression is normally required for the retention of an EC fate and cell–cell junctions, CD45-positive EndMT (termed as ‘partial EndMT’) contributes to neointima formation and vascular wall remodelling.
ASL Phonological Fluency: How Do Deaf Signers Retrieve and Produce Signs?
Authors: Beal Jennifer S , Bowman Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearchers have focused on how deaf signing children acquire and use American Sign Language (ASL). One sub-skill of ASL proficiency is ASL phonology. This includes the ability to isolate and manipulate parameters within signs (i.e., handshape, location, and movement). Expressively, signed language phonological fluency tasks have investigated signers’ abilities to produce signs given handshape constraints. We expanded the handshape task with the addition of sign production for two given locations with deaf adults and students. We also investigated how adjacent signs were recalled and produced within semantic and phonological clusters. Deaf adults frequently recalled signs with semantic connections and shared location. Students did the same, although shared handshape also facilitated their sign production. Finally, we present implications for ASL instruction with deaf students.
Transmural Remission Characterized by High Biologic Concentrations Demonstrates Better Prognosis in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Takenaka Kento , Kawamoto Ami , Kitazume Yoshio , Fujii Toshimitsu , Udagawa Yumi , Shimizu Hiromichi , Hibiya Shuji , Nagahori Masakazu , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Watanabe Mamoru , Okamoto Ryuichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe importance and pathophysiology of transmural healing in patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] remains to be verified. We aimed to examine the association between serum concentrations of biologics and transmural remission evaluated via magnetic resonance enterography [MRE].MethodsWe enrolled patients with CD who received maintenance biologics 1 year after induction and prospectively followed up for at least 1 year after baseline laboratory, endoscopic and MRE examination. We evaluated the relationship between baseline factors including the presence of transmural remission and patient prognosis, as well as between serum concentrations and transmural remission.ResultsWe included 134 patients, of whom 65, 31, 27 and 11 received infliximab, adalimumab, ustekinumab and vedolizumab, respectively. Those who achieved transmural remission showed a lower risk of hospitalization and surgery than those who did not achieve remission [p &lt; 0.01]. Adjusted hazard ratios of transmural remission for predicting hospitalization and surgery were 0.11 and 0.02, respectively, which were lower than those of clinical remission, biochemical remission and endoscopic remission. Regarding serum concentrations, the median concentration was higher in patients with transmural remission than in patients with transmural activity for all agents [p &lt; 0.01 for infliximab, p = 0.04 for adalimumab, p &lt; 0.01 for ustekinumab, p = 0.08 for vedolizumab].ConclusionsTransmural remission was the best predictor for prognosis in CD patients who received maintenance biologic therapy. High drug concentration levels were associated with transmural remission confirmed via MRE.
Multidisciplinary Perinatal Care in IBD
Authors: Godny Lihi , Svolos Vaios , Williams Astrid-Jane , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa , Aloi Marina , Ibarra Ana , O’Hanlon Dearbhaile V , Dragoni Gabriele , Avni Biron Irit , Campmans-Kuijpers Marjo , Collins Paul , Eder Piotr , Pfeffer-Gik Tamar , Jäghult Susanna , Wall Catherine L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are often affected during their reproductive years and may have many perinatal queries that require the comprehensive perspectives of a multidisciplinary team [MDT]. The purpose of this topical review is to assess the scientific evidence and provide expert opinion related to nutritional, psychological and supportive care of women and their infants throughout the prenatal, antenatal and infant periods.

Methods
A consensus expert panel of a paediatrician, gastroenterologists, nurses and dietitians was convened by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. This panel critically reviewed literature related to the non-medical management of patients with IBD during preconception, pregnancy, the postnatal period and the first years of the infant’s life. Statements were developed using an e-Delphi process over two rounds and were confirmed when ≥80% of experts agreed with the statements.

Results
A total of 19 current practice positions were developed that cover the preconception period, pregnancy and lactation, and early-life exposures associated with risk of IBD. Development of the infant microbiome and its role in the immune system and topics including nutritional optimization, psychological support and education relating to early life were reviewed.

Conclusions
Patients with IBD have unique nutritional and psychosocial needs that may affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes. The early-life environment of infants born to parents with IBD may be associated with subsequent development of IBD in offspring. An MDT is the optimal setting to support and counsel patients throughout the perinatal period.