bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEDICINAL PLANT USE OF VILLAGERS IN THE MOPANI DISTRICT, LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Shai Leshweni Jeremia , Chauke Alinah Mildred , Mogale Alfred Mothatheo , Tshisikhawe Peter M , Mokgotho Phineas M 
Published: June 2023

Background: An ethnomedical survey of plants was conducted at Mashishimale village near Phalaborwa, in Limpopo Province (South Africa). Owing to high level of poverty and lack of proper daily operational healthcare facilities in certain parts of Mashishimale village, the use of plants as medicine persists. The aim of the study was to compile a list of medicinal plants used by traditional health practitioners for treatment of diabetes mellitus and other ailments.
Materials and methods: Traditional health practitioners were identified using the snowballing sampling technique. Structured interviews were conducted and a list of medicinal plants compiled. Data collection included local names of the plants, the plant parts used in the traditional medicine, the disease treated by the plant-based remedies and the method of preparation of the medicines.
Results and discussion: A total of 49 plants species belonging to 20 different families we identified. Plant parts used in preparation of remedies by practitioners are roots (51%), stem barks (30%) and leaves (19%). The most preferred methods of administration were boiling (74%) and infusion (12%). About 14 plants species were indicated for treatment of diabetes mellitus, while most plant species were indicated for sexually transmitted diseases, fertility and erectile dysfunction.
Conclusion: The results of the survey indicate that plants play a significant role in primary healthcare of the community of Mashishimale Village. It would seem that a number of major diseases/ailments are treated by traditional methods. Scientific investigation is therefore needed to isolate active compounds and to determine safe dosages for treatment. These studies may guide the regulation of herbal medicine industry in South Africa.

Key words: Ethnobotanical, Medicinal plants, Mashishimale village
EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF COMPOUND HERBS PUXING YINYANG SAN
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Xurong , Zhang Jingyan , Yang Zhiqiang , Liu Youbin , Cui Dongan , Qin Zhe , Meng Jiaren , Kong Xiaojun , Wang Xuezhi , Li Jianxi 
Published: June 2023

Background: Bovine mastitis is one of the most relevant and problematic diseases to treat and control in practice. Puxing Yinyang San (PYS) is
a compound of herbs to treat bovine mastitis in China. This study was performed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of
PYS in mice and rats.
Materials and Methods: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of PYS were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response,
hot plate test, xylene-induced ear swelling test, carrageenan-induced paw edema test, and acetic acid-induced capillary permeability and
leukocyte infiltration test with oral doses of 155, 310 and 620 mg/kg·bw in mice or rats.
Results: The acetic acid-induced writhing response was dose-dependently inhibited by oral administration of PYS and the latency time to
thermal stimuli was increased in the hot plate test, especially 90 minutes after treatment. In the xylene-induced ear swelling, PYS significantly
decreased swelling degree in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, PYS significantly suppressed the peritoneal capillary permeability and
leukocyte infiltration in mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid. PYS also significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced rat paw
edema at 2, 3, and 4 h after the carrageenan injection. The results suggested that PYS possessed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory
activities.
Conclusion: This study was the first to demonstrate that oral administration of PYS might play an important role in the process of analgesia and
anti-inflammation, supporting its treatment for mastitis. Future investigations will focus on the broader involvement of the ingredients and
mechanisms responsible for pharmacological activities of PYS.
VASOCONSTRICTIVE EFFECT OF XINMAILONG IN RAT AORTA
Authors: Yang Cui , Zhang Lifang , Dai Rong , Ji Siping , Li Fang , Shao Weizai , Que Yuling , Hu Ling , Lin Qing 
Published: June 2023

Background: Cockroach has been utilized traditionally in China for the therapy of cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure. The present study was aimed to assess the vasoconstrictive effect of Xinmailong Injection (XML), a bioactive composite from American cockroach.
Methodology: The isometric tensions of rat aortic rings were measured after acutely treated with XML. Meanwhile, the systemic blood pressures (SBPs) were recorded and the levels of the endothelium-derived cytokines in blood samples were detected after rats were administered with XML for 3 days. Protein expression for the L-type Ca2+ channels (Cav1.2) was also determined in rat thoracic aorta.
Results: XML induced vasoconstrictions in rat aortic rings with or without endothelium. In addition, the vasoconstrictions due to extracellular Ca2+ influx and intracellular Ca2+ release were also elevated by XML. After treatment with XML for 3 days, the levels of prostacyclin (PGI2) were markedly elevated whereas the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were not significantly changed in rats. Furthermore, expression of the Cav1.2 protein was significantly enhanced in aorta but the SBPs of rats were not influenced.
Conclusion: XML plays an important role in regulating vascular tone. The increases of the extracellular Ca2+ influx and the intracellular Ca2+ release may contribute to the vasoconstriction induced by XML. Our findings pave the ways to better understand the therapeutic effects of XML on cardiovascular system.
BELAMCANDA CHINENSIS (L.) DC: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF AN IMPORTANT TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE
Authors: Xin Rui-hua , Zheng Ji-fang , Cheng Long , Peng Wen-jing , Luo Yong-jiang 
Published: June 2023

Background: Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC (Iridaceae), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known as She Gan (Chinese: 射干), is a
flowering perennial herb native to East Asia. For thousands of years in China, the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis has been used to treat
inflammation, oxyhepatitis, mumps, acute mastitis, and asthma, as well as throat disorders such as cough, tonsillitis and pharyngitis. Belamcanda
chinensis is now listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China. The present paper reviews the advancements in the investigation
of botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Belamcanda chinensis.
Materials and Methods: Information on Belamcanda chinensis was collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via library and
electronic search (PubMed, CNKI, Elsevier, ACS, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar,Web of Science and Science Direct).
Results: A number of chemical compounds have been isolated from Belamcanda chinensis, and the major isolated compounds have been
identified as isoflavonoids, flavonoids and iridal-type triterpenoids. Among these active compounds, the effects of tectoridin and tectorigenin
have been widely investigated. The primary active components in Belamcanda chinensis possess a wide range of pharmacological activities,
including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumour, anti-alcohol injury, cardiovascular and oestrogenic activities.
Conclusions: As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Belamcanda chinensis has been demonstrated to have marked bioactivity, especially
in the respiratory system and as an oestrogenic and hepatoprotective agent. This activity is related to its traditional use and provides
opportunities for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic products for various diseases. However, the toxicity of Belamcanda chinensis
will require further study, and more attention should be devoted to its better utilization.
Design of a Novel Arithmetic Architecture Using Hybrid Vedic Sutras in Digital Signal Processing Applications
Authors: RAMAMOORTHY KARTHI KUMAR , PERIASAMY VIMAL SANKARI 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Digital signal processing (DSP) is a vast and active field of research. High throughput is required for most wireless communication systems. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which lies at the heart of most modulators, is a major stumbling block to communication.The intrinsic floating-point multiplier units located within the butterfly units of every FFT execute these calculations. The performance of FFT in terms of throughput is limited by multiplication. As a result, Multiplier topologies with reduced truncation errors are needed for high-speed, low-power systems. This paper presents high-performance FFT units for DSP processor cores based on hybrid Vedic multiplier units. The Vedic multiplier that has been presented is based on the Vedic multiplication sutras. In the decimal number system, these sutras have historically been employed to multiply two numbers. In this study, a hybrid Vedic multiplier based on Indian Vedic mathematics' Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam and Nikhilam navatascaramam sutra is suggested. An efficient multiplier is the fundamental goal of this study, which aims to minimize the size and delay path of a multiplier while enhancing the performance of the processor. Verilog HDL was used to implement the complete design. Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.5, which is used for synthesis and simulations, was used. It is matched to previously reported Vedic multiplier designs in terms of speed and area consumed. It features a speedier development process and a lower computation complexity than the traditional multiplier.
Five years of Hospital at Home adoption in Catalonia: impact and challenges
Authors: González-Colom Rubèn , Carot-Sans Gerard , Vela Emili , Espallargues Mireia , Hernández Carme , Jiménez Francesc Xavier , Nicolás David , Suárez Montserrat , Torné Elvira , Villegas-Bruguera Eulalia , Ozores Fernando , Cano Isaac , Piera-Jiménez Jordi , Roca Josep 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Hospital at home (HaH) was increasingly implemented in Catalonia (7.7 M citizens, Spain) achieving regional adoption within the 2011–2015 Health Plan. This study aimed to assess population-wide HaH outcomes over five years (2015–2019) in a consolidated regional program and provide context-independent recommendations for continuous quality improvement of the service.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining population-based retrospective analyses of registry information with qualitative research. HaH (admission avoidance modality) was compared with a conventional hospitalization group using propensity score matching techniques. We evaluated the 12-month period before the admission, the hospitalization, and use of healthcare resources at 30 days after discharge. A panel of experts discussed the results and provided recommendations for monitoring HaH services.
Results
The adoption of HaH steadily increased from 5,185 to 8,086 episodes/year (total episodes 31,901; mean age 73 (SD 17) years; 79% high-risk patients. Mortality rates were similar between HaH and conventional hospitalization within the episode [76 (0.31%) vs. 112 (0.45%)] and at 30-days after discharge [973(3.94%) vs. 1112(3.24%)]. Likewise, the rates of hospital re-admissions at 30 days after discharge were also similar between groups: 2,00 (8.08%) vs. 1,63 (6.58%)] or ER visits [4,11 (16.62%) vs. 3,97 (16.03%). The 27 hospitals assessed showed high variability in patients’ age, multimorbidity, severity of episodes, recurrences, and length of stay of HaH episodes. Recommendations aiming at enhancing service delivery were produced.
Conclusions
Besides confirming safety and value generation of HaH for selected patients, we found that this service is delivered in a case-mix of diferent scenarios, encouraging hospital-profiled monitoring of the service.
Topical Betamethasone and Systemic Colchicine for Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Alsahaf Surab , Alkurdi Khlood A , Challacombe Stephen J , Tappuni Anwar R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is painful oral ulceration frequently treated with topical steroids. There is limited published evidence for the efficacy of this treatment for RAS and there remains a need for longitudinal randomised clinical trials to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different therapies in the management of RAS. The aim of the current project was to assess the efficacy of Betamethasone mouthwash and Colchicine tablets, individually and combined, for the treatment of RAS, and to establish the optimum treatment period necessary for a significant reduction in disease severity.
Methodology:
A randomised, prospective, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted over one year, to compare the efficacy of three therapies in RAS. One hundred and six patients were randomized into three groups; 35 received Betamethasone mouthwash, 35 had Colchicine tablets and 36 received both therapies. The response was evaluated quantitatively every 3 months for 1 year, using the Ulcer Severity Score (USS).
Results
For all three treatment regimes, the mean USS decreased by about 30% in the first 3 months (p < 0.001). Further improvement was noted for up to 9 months. At the end of the study, the mean USS had improved by 50% from 34.9 ± 7.2 before treatment to 17.5 ± 8.9 after treatment (p < 0.001). Of included participants, 86% showed significant clinical improvement by the end of the study. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the three regimes (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
This clinical trial has provided evidence for the efficacy of Betamethasone mouthwash and for Colchicine tablets in the treatment of RAS and has shown that at least six months of treatment may be required for optimum effect.
Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN32677164
Date of clinical trial registration: 15/04/2018
Redox coupling of metals drives rate enhancement in thermochemical oxidative dehydrogenation
Authors: Daniel Isaac , Kim Bohyeon , Douthwaite Mark , Pattisson Samuel , Lewis Richard , Cline Joseph , Morgan David , Bethell Donald , Kiely Christopher , McIntosh Steven , Hutchings Graham 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Supported bimetallic catalysts commonly exhibit higher rates of reaction compared to their monometallic counterparts, but the origin of these enhancements is often poorly defined. The recent discovery that cooperative redox enhancement effects in Au-Pd systems promote bimetallic catalysis in thermochemical transformations is an important development in this field, but questions relating to the generality and origin of the effect remain. Here, we demonstrate that these effects can be observed in reactions over a range of bi-metal combinations and reveal the origin of the effect using a combination of electrochemical and materials characterisation. In doing so, we uncover the physicochemical descriptors that (i) dictate whether such effects will be exhibited by a particular combination of supported metal catalysts, and (ii) determine the magnitude of the effect.
Clinical and imaging biomarkers of response to intravitreal dexamethasone implant in eyes with non-infectious uveitic macular oedema
Authors: Gerosolima Claudia , Scandale Pierluigi , Touhami Sara , Pohlmann Dominika , Giocanti-Auregan Audrey , Rosenblatt Amir , Loewenstein Anat , Bandello Francesco , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) biomarkers correlating with pre-injection visual acuity (VA), post-injection VA, and the likelihood of macular oedema (MO) regression after dexamethasone (DEX) implant injection in patients with non-infectious uveitic (NIU).Methods Patients' data were collected on the date of DEX injection (pre-injection visit), and after three months (post-injection visit). Qualitative and quantitative features were assessed on pre-injection SD-OCT scans.Results Data from 173 DEX were analyzed, obtained from 103 eyes of 80 patients; 38 eyes (37%) received repeated DEX. Absent ellipsoid zone (EZ) layer and disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) were associated with worse pre- (+ 0.19 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.01–0.38, p = 0.06, and + 0.10 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.02–0.21, p = 0.01) and post-injection VA (+ 0.33 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.08–0.57, p = 0.01, and + 0.17 LogMAR, 95% CI 0.01–0.32, p = 0.04). EZ disruption and DRIL increased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04) and the chance of gaining ≥ 5 letters decreased in eyes undergoing repeated DEX (p = 0.002). The rate of MO regression after each DEX was 67%. Longer MO duration (OR = 0.75 for year, p = 0.02) was associated with lower chance of MO regression. Subretinal fluid was associated with higher rate of MO regression (OR = 6.09, p = 0.01).Conclusion Integrity of the inner and outer retina is associated with better visual response to DEX. Long-standing or recurrent MO is associated with less chance of both visual and anatomic response. Timely treatment is necessary to maximize the outcomes of MO in NIU patients.
Thioredoxin 1 plays a beneficial role in Alzheimer's disease by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Xia Xun , Xiao Jiujia , Li Qinxuan , Xiong Li , Li Siyu , Guo Chuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, has a complex pathological mechanism involving oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and other pathways. Thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1), the major redox regulator, may be an effective treatment strategy for AD. Therefore, the present study explored the role and possible mechanism of Trx-1 in AD. The expression of Trx-1 in the hippocampus of AD was verified by WB and RT-PCR, and the effects of Trx-1 on behavioral function and neuropathological damage of AD mice were analyzed by open field test, water maze experiment, HE staining, and protein expression analysis of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), Tau protein (Tau) and p-Tau. At the same time, oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress were detected to further analyze the mechanism. Trx-1 expression in the hippocampus of AD model mice was reduced, and the oe-Trx-1 remarkably enhanced it. We observed an obvious behavioral cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological damage in AD model mice. Trx-1 significantly ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior and cognitive ability in AD mice, alleviated the pathological damage of hippocampal tissue, and reduced the protein expressions of Aβ, Tau, and p-Tau, suggesting that Trx-1 could alleviate behavioral cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological damage in AD. In addition, Trx-1 significantly reduced ROS levels and the GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, and CHOP protein expression and relieved ER stress in AD mice. Trx-1 may alleviate behavioral cognitive dysfunction and neuropathological damage in AD mice by regulating ER stress.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Citrus Aurantifolia (Lime) Juice in Experimental Eimeria Tenella Infected Broiler Chickens
Authors: UGWUOKE GARBA MATTHIAS , OBI CHUKWUNONSO FRANCIS , Onu Ifeoma Juliet , Idika Idika Kalu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The in vivo anticoccidial activity of Citrus aurantifolia juice (CAJ) against Eimeria tenella-infected broilers was evaluated in an effort to obtain scientific information for usage by the natives in Nigeria. C. aurantifolia fruits were collected, identified, cut transversely using a sterile knife and the lime juice extracted and stored airtight for further experiment in a refrigerator to reduce oxidation and fermentation. A total of 72, three-week-old experimentally E. tenella-infected broilers consisting of 6 groups, n = 12 (4 replicates with 3 birds each) were orally treated in drinking water with graded doses of (Group A - 20 ml/l, 10 ml/l for B, and 5 ml/l for C) of C. aurantifolia juice in the 7-day oocyst reduction and curative tests study. Group D - Amprolium (1.5 mg/ml) and group E – (infected/untreated) were used as positive and negative controls respectively while group F served as normal control. Results showed that CAJ highly suppressed the parasites irrespective of the dose, decreased oocyst per gram of faeces (OPG), enhanced caecal lesion and caused statistically significant (P < 0.05) rise in PCV content. Amprolium-treated broilers (Group D) was more potent in OPG reduction to 290 ± 0.22 oocysts by day 6. Group- A had an OPG drop to 1000 ± 0.06 oocysts on day 8 following therapy, in contrast to infected/untreated which recorded 2377 ± 13.0 oocysts on day 12 post treatment. Citrus aurantifolia ameliorated the effects of Coccidiosis caused by E. tenella in broiler chickens.
Serum metabolites and childhood-diagnosed ADHD: Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhu Yun , Liu Gang , Zhou Weijie , Zhang Lili , Chen Limei , Wu Yukang , Wang Jinming , Ma Qianqian , Huo Xiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
ADHD, a neurological condition that onset in childhood is now an important part of the disease burden in the global population. ADHD is usually diagnosed at school age, and there are no authoritative research to articulate whether ADHD in adult shares a common pathogenic mechanism with ADHD in children. Previous studies have elucidated metabolic profiles as functional mediators, and the present study is the first to combine metabolomics and Mendelian randomization(MR) to elucidate the causal relationship between serum metabolites and ADHD diagnosed in children. A metabolomic study of childhood-diagnosed ADHD and normal children in a prospective cohort of preschoolers. Metabolomic results of preschool children enrolled in the cohort study identified 112 differential metabolites, with 69 metabolites upregulated and 43 metabolites downregulated. For MR studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with childhood-diagnosed ADHD were identified from metabolite-wide association studies for IVW analysis. MR results revealed that the IVW approach revealed a total of 15 significant pathogenic association profiles from 486 metabolites, including 10 known metabolites and 5 unknown metabolites. Combining the results of MR analyses from metabolomic studies and cohort studies, arginine and α-tocopherol were two important metabolites affecting the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood. The metabolic pathways of primary bile acid biosynthesis and arginine/proline metabolism were the overlapping metabolic pathways in both studies.
The hospital classroom, an opportunity for educational inclusion
Authors: Bastidas-Rivera Stefany , Sánchez José Eduardo , Gil Yari Lorena Sierra , Cabal Luisa Fernanda González 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This article analyzes the challenges, strengths and opportunities that were recognized from the pilot phase of the Aula Lili program of the Fundación Valle del Lili. The document is the product of the systematization of the pilot phase of the program, carried out between 2021 and 2022, through the recovery of the voices of the participating actors. It was found that the educational intervention of Aula Lili has a comprehensive vision of the hospitalized child that integrates the roles of patient and student, as well as their biological, psychological and social needs. Care is proposed as the purpose of hospital pedagogy that articulates the purposes of the hospital, the school and the family as institutions interested in the development of the hospitalized child.