bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delineation of clinical target volume and organs at risk in cervical cancer radiotherapy by deep learning networks
Authors: Tian Miao , Wang Hongqiu , Liu Xingang , Ye Yuyun , Ouyang Ganlu , Shen Yali , Li Zhiping , Wang Xin , Wu Shaozhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeDelineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs‐at‐risk (OARs) is important in cervical cancer radiotherapy. But it is generally labor‐intensive, time‐consuming, and subjective. This paper proposes a parallel‐path attention fusion network (PPAF‐net) to overcome these disadvantages in the delineation task.MethodsThe PPAF‐net utilizes both the texture and structure information of CTV and OARs by employing a U‐Net network to capture the high‐level texture information, and an up‐sampling and down‐sampling (USDS) network to capture the low‐level structure information to accentuate the boundaries of CTV and OARs. Multi‐level features extracted from both networks are then fused together through an attention module to generate the delineation result.ResultsThe dataset contains 276 computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with cervical cancer of staging IB‐IIA. The images are provided by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Simulation results demonstrate that PPAF‐net performs favorably on the delineation of the CTV and OARs (e.g., rectum, bladder and etc.) and achieves the state‐of‐the‐art delineation accuracy, respectively, for the CTV and OARs. In terms of the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and the Hausdorff Distance (HD), 88.61% and 2.25 cm for the CTV, 92.27% and 0.73 cm for the rectum, 96.74% and 0.68 cm for the bladder, 96.38% and 0.65 cm for the left kidney, 96.79% and 0.63 cm for the right kidney, 93.42% and 0.52 cm for the left femoral head, 93.69% and 0.51 cm for the right femoral head, 87.53% and 1.07 cm for the small intestine, and 91.50% and 0.84 cm for the spinal cord.ConclusionsThe proposed automatic delineation network PPAF‐net performs well on CTV and OARs segmentation tasks, which has great potential for reducing the burden of radiation oncologists and increasing the accuracy of delineation. In future, radiation oncologists from the West China Hospital of Sichuan University will further evaluate the results of network delineation, making this method helpful in clinical practice.
Thirst in heart failure: A scoping review
Authors: Chen Yaya , Ding Jin , Xi Yingbo , Huo Minfeng , Mou Yingjian , Song Yu , Zhou Hailing , Cui Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to summarise the overall picture of thirst‐related research in patients with heart failure.DesignWe conducted a scoping review following the Arskey and O'Malley methodological framework along with the PAGER framework.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Jonna Briggs Institute, ProQuest Database, Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PQDT, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP and CBM. Additionally, grey literature including grey databases (Opengrey, OpenDoar, Openaire and BASEL Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), conferences or articles (Scopus and Microsoft Academic), graduate theses databases (eTHOS, DART Europe, Worldcat and EBSCO Open Dissertations) and government information media (UK guidance and regulations, USA government websites, EU Bookshop and UN official publications) were searched. The databases were searched from inception to 18 August 2022 for Articles written in English and Chinese. Two researchers independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third researcher adjudicated disagreements.ResultsWe retrieved 825 articles, of which 26 were included. Three themes were summarised from these articles: (a) the incidence of thirst in patients with heart failure; (b) the thirst‐related factors in patients with heart failure; and (c) the intervention measures of thirst in patients with heart failure.
Nursing workforce allocation in the intensive care units of COVID‐19‐designated hospitals: A nationwide cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Ren Hong‐fei , Liu Chang‐qing , Chen Feng‐jiao , He Ling‐xiao , Zhang Ming‐guang , Gu Bo , Zhu Hong , Jiang Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the nursing workforce allocation in intensive care units (ICUs) of COVID‐19‐designated hospitals during the epidemic peak in China.DesignA nationwide cross‐sectional online survey.MethodsA total of 37 head nurses and 262 frontline nurses in 37 ICUs of COVID‐19‐designated tertiary hospitals located in 22 cities of China were surveyed. The self‐reported human resource allocation questionnaire was used to assess the nursing workforce allocation.ResultsThe average patient‐to‐nurse ratio was 1.89 ± 1.14, and the median working hours per shift was 5 h. The top four majors of front‐line nurses in ICUs were respiratory (31.30%), lemology (27.86%), intensive care (21.76%) and emergency (17.18%). We also found that a smaller average patient‐to‐nurse ratio (odds ratio [OR]: 0.328, 95% CI: 0.108, 1.000), longer average weekly rest time per person (OR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.051, 0.729) and larger proportion of 6–9 working years (OR: 0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 1.121) decreased the occurrence of nursing adverse events.
A quasi‐experimental study of group counselling effectiveness for patient functional ability and quality of counselling among patients with hip arthroplasty
Authors: Rajala Mira , Holopainen Raisa , Kääriäinen Maria , Kaakinen Pirjo , Meriläinen Merja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of group counselling for the patients with hip arthroplasty, self‐assessed functional ability, and quality of counselling.DesignA quasi‐experimental study.MethodThe questionnaire included the Counselling Quality Instrument (CQI), Harris hip score and Oldwellactive self‐rated wellness profile. A Mann–Whitney U‐ and chi‐squared and t‐tests were used. A Wilcoxon singed rank test were used to evaluate changes in functional ability.No Patient or Public ContributionPatients and the public were not involved in the design, recruitment and implementation of this study.ResultsFifty patients participated. Patients reported better results for limping (p = 0.000), walking distance (p = 0.000) and use of a walking aid (p = 0.001) in the follow‐up time point and they pain decreased. Patients were satisfied with interactions during counselling; gender (p = 0.000) and use of a walking aid (p = 0.044) were found to significantly affect. A lack of goal‐oriented counselling was in depressive symptoms (p = 0.016), worries (p = 0.010) and loneliness (p = 0.026).
‘Development and psychometric evaluation of the safety feeling scale in adult patients at hospital: Exploratory sequential mixed method’
Authors: Dabaghi Sahar , Zandi Mitra , Ebadi Abbas , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Rohani Camelia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAim and ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and examine psychometric properties of the safety feeling scale (SFS) in adult patients to assess their sense of safety during a hospital stay.DesignMixed methods design. A SQUIRE checklist was used.MethodsThis is a study with two phases of scale development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the scale. In the first phase, the concept of ‘safety feeling’ was analysed using a hybrid model. Thus, a systematic review and then a qualitative study with hospitalized patients (n = 31) were conducted by conventional content analysis. In the psychometric phase, factorial validity, reliability, feasibility, and responsiveness of the scale were evaluated by different tests in various samples.ResultsAfter integrating the results of the systematic review and qualitative study, a scale item pool with 84 items was developed. In the psychometric phase, 12 items with four factors were specified; ‘effective care,’ ‘confidence in the healthcare team,’ ‘emotional enrichment’ and ‘hygienic facilities,’ explaining 51% of the total variance of the scale. They were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and stability of the scale were satisfactory. Feasibility and responsiveness were also acceptable.
Cortisol levels are related to neonatal pain exposure in children born very preterm at age 18 months in two independent cohorts
Authors: McLean Mia A. , Nakajima Lisa , Chau Cecil M. Y. , Weinberg Joanne , Synnes Anne R. , Miller Steven P. , Grunau Ruth E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExposure to pain‐related stress from frequent invasive procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been associated with altered physiological stress regulation, neurodevelopment, and behavior in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks gestation). Previously, in a cohort born 2003–2006 (Cohort 1), we found that, at 18 months corrected age (CA), children born extremely low gestational age (ELGA; 24–28 weeks) and very low gestational age (VLGA; 29–32 weeks), had higher pre‐test cortisol levels and a different pattern of cortisol output across a developmental assessment involving cognitive challenge compared to children born full‐term (FT; 39–41 weeks). Also, greater neonatal pain‐related stress exposure among the preterm children was related to higher pre‐test cortisol levels. Given the adverse long‐term effects of neonatal pain in preterm infants and the ensuing rise in clinical concerns to appropriately manage pain in the NICU in recent years, we aimed to examine whether our findings from Cohort 1 would still be evident in an independent cohort (Cohort 2) born 2006–2011 and recruited from the same tertiary NICU in Vancouver, Canada. We also compared the cortisol patterns, clinical and socio‐demographic factors, and their interrelationships between the two cohorts. In Cohort 2, our findings using multi‐level modeling support and extend our earlier findings in Cohort 1, demonstrating that children born ELGA display higher pre‐test cortisol levels than FT. As well, greater cortisol output across assessment was related to more anxiety/depressive behaviors in children born VLGA. Importantly, children born ELGA were exposed to less neonatal pain/stress, mechanical ventilation, and morphine in Cohort 2 than Cohort 1. In both cohorts, however, cortisol levels and patterns were related to neonatal pain/stress and clinical factors (days on mechanical ventilation, overall morphine exposure). Despite less exposure to pain/stress and adverse clinical factors in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1, cortisol levels and patterns across cognitive challenge in preterm children at 18‐month CA were consistent across the two independent cohorts. These findings highlight that, despite improvements to neonatal care, children born extremely preterm continue to display altered HPA axis activity, which is associated with their poorer neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes.
Programmable polymer materials empowered by DNA nanotechnology
Authors: Speed Sarah K. , Gupta Krishna , Peng Yu‐Hsuan , Hsiao Syuan Ku , Krieg Elisha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the past century, synthetic polymers have had a transformative impact on human life, replacing nature‐derived materials in many areas. Yet, despite their many advantages, the structure and function of synthetic polymers still appear rudimentary compared to biological matter: cells use dynamic self‐assembly to construct complex materials and operate sophisticated macromolecular devices. The field of DNA nanotechnology has demonstrated that synthetic DNA molecules can be programmed to undergo predictable self‐assembly, offering unparalleled control over the formation and dynamic properties of artificial nanostructures. Intriguingly, the principles of DNA nanotechnology can be applied to the engineering of soft programmable materials, bringing the abilities of synthetic polymers closer to their biological counterparts. In this perspective, we discuss the unique features of DNA‐functionalized polymer materials. We describe design principles that allow researchers to build complex supramolecular architectures with predictable and dynamically adjustable material properties. Finally, we highlight two key application areas where this biologically inspired material class offers particularly promising opportunities: (1) as dynamic matrices for 3D cell and organoid culture and (2) as smart materials for nucleic acid sequencing and pathogen detection.
Investigating the structure–sensitivity relationship of photosensitive polyimide formulated by using a photobase generator
Authors: Chang En‐Chi , Tseng Ling‐Ya , Liu Yu , Chen Chun‐Kai , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Ueda Mitsuru , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) have been widely used in the buffer coating layer and insulation layer due to their excellent thermal and mechanical stability. In this work, a series of negative‐type PSPIs based on poly(amic acid) (PAA) and a photobase generator (PBG) have been developed. Two diamines of 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), 3,3′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (SDA), and four dianhydrides of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and cyclobutene‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) are copolymerized to PAA through polyaddition, and the PAA is further thermally imidized to polyimide (PI). Through scrutinizing the structure–sensitivity relationship of these PIs, we find that the rigidity and transparency of the PAA/PI backbone play an important role in the sensitivity and contrast of PSPI. Accordingly, PSPI (SDA‐ODPA), possessing high optical transparency and a low rigidity represented by the low glass transition point, is capable of providing good photosensitivity of 30 mJ/cm2, a high contrast of 2.46, and an excellent pattern resolution of 4 μm after optimizing the prebaking (100°C for 5 min), exposure dose (380 mJ/cm2), post‐exposure baking (130°C for 7 min), and development parameters. This work provides the concept of structural design for negative‐type PSPI in the microelectronic application.
…And the regulator clapped! New approaches to maximizing worker engagement in process safety management
Authors: Robinson Chris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany industrial sites struggle to achieve consistently strong business performance in Process Safety Management (PSM). For these work sites, leading indicators may show that there is good participation in process safety activities, but unfortunately, the process safety incident rate remains above targets. Oftentimes, these sites must be very reactive as incident follow‐up consumes much of their available resources and incident avoidance continues to be elusive. This paper discusses new approaches used to break free from lackluster PSM performance. These new approaches are designed to maximize worker engagement which in turn will boost the culture and lead to a step‐change improvement in PSM performance. The new approaches incorporate the Swiss cheese model at the center of a framework that is easily understood by all workers. Workers' knowledge of PSM and how it pertains to their specific role is then strengthened through routine sharing of external events. Workers are then encouraged to apply learnings to their work and they are rewarded for breakthroughs in hazard identification or mitigation. These approaches have not only received applause from regulators but have also been successfully used to break out of mediocrity and attain “best‐in‐class” PSM performance, as measured by API RP 754 criteria.
Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services
Authors: Garcia Xavier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModeling tools simulate the functioning of ecosystems and their interactions with human activities, helping decision makers understand how interventions impact ecosystems and evaluate management strategies. This leads to informed decisions that balance human development and environmental protection. Among these models, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) stands out for its ability to simulate multiple biophysical processes that can be linked to the provision of ecosystem services (ES). Although SWAT has been successfully applied for the evaluation of ES, the development of complementary approaches that translate the results of SWAT into monetary terms is still in its early stages. To narrow this gap, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the literature on the relationship between SWAT model results and economic analysis. Specifically, the review summarizes the research conducted on the use of SWAT model results to estimate economic values, including the different methodologies used and the types of economic values estimated. The review will also discuss the limitations and challenges of these approaches, provide a critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the research in this area, and provide recommendations to strengthen SWAT application for the economic evaluation of management strategies.
Cd2Nb2Te4O15: A Novel Pseudo‐Aurivillius‐Type Tellurite with Unprecedented Nonlinear Optical Properties and Excellent Stability
Authors: Wang Qiang , Dong Xue‐Hua , Huang Ling , Ok Kang‐Min , Lin Zhi‐En , Zou Guo‐Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOxides are emerging candidates for mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. However, their intrinsically weak second harmonic generation (SHG) effects hinder their further development. A major design challenge is to increase the nonlinear coefficient while maintaining the broad mid‐IR transmission and high laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the oxides. In this study, it is reported on a polar NLO tellurite, Cd2Nb2Te4O15 (CNTO), featuring a pseudo‐Aurivillius‐type perovskite layered structure composed of three types of NLO active groups, including CdO6 octahedra, NbO6 octahedra, and TeO4 seesaws. The uniform orientation of the distorted units induces a giant SHG response that is ≈31 times larger than that of KH2PO4, the largest value among all reported metal tellurites. Additionally, CNTO exhibits a large band gap (3.75 eV), a wide optical transparency window (0.33–14.5 µm), superior birefringence (0.12@ 546 nm), high LIDT (23 × AgGaS2), and strong acid and alkali resistance, indicating its potential as a promising mid‐IR NLO material.
Induced Production of Atypical Naturally Nonpreferred Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Detachment via Provoking Post‐Mismatching
Authors: Lee Sujeong , Lee Gihyun , Oh Moonhyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe structures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are typically determined by the building blocks that compose them and the conditions under which they are formed. MOFs tend to adopt a thermodynamically and/or kinetically stable structure (naturally preferred form). Thus, constructing MOFs with naturally nonpreferred structures is a challenging task, as it requires avoiding the easier pathway toward a naturally preferred MOF. Herein, an approach to construct naturally nonpreferred dicarboxylate‐linked MOFs employing reaction templates is reported. This strategy relies on the registry between the surface of the template and the cell lattice of a target MOF, which reduces the effort required to form naturally nonpreferred MOFs. Reactions of p‐block trivalent metal ions (Ga3+ and In3+) with dicarboxylic acids typically produce preferred MIL‐53 or MIL‐68. However, the surface of UiO‐67 (and UiO‐66) template exhibits the well‐defined hexagonal lattice, which induce the selective formation of a naturally nonpreferred MIL‐88 structure. Inductively grown MIL‐88s are purely isolated from the template via provoking a post‐mismatch in their lattices and weakening the interfacial interaction between product and template. It is also discovered that an appropriate template for effective induced production of naturally nonpreferred MOFs shall be properly selected based on the cell lattice of a target MOF.
Laser‐Driven Transient Phase Oscillations in Individual Spin Crossover Particles
Authors: Hu Yaowei , Picher Matthieu , Palluel Marlène , Daro Nathalie , Freysz Eric , Stoleriu Laurentiu , Enachescu Cristian , Chastanet Guillaume , Banhart Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn unusual expansion dynamics of individual spin crossover nanoparticles is studied by ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. After exposure to nanosecond laser pulses, the particles exhibit considerable length oscillations during and after their expansion. The vibration period of 50–100 ns is of the same order of magnitude as the time that the particles need for a transition from the low‐spin to the high‐spin state. The observations are explained in Monte Carlo calculations using a model where elastic and thermal coupling between the molecules within a crystalline spin crossover particle govern the phase transition between the two spin states. The experimentally observed length oscillations are in agreement with the calculations, and it is shown that the system undergoes repeated transitions between the two spin states until relaxation in the high‐spin state occurs due to energy dissipation. Spin crossover particles are therefore a unique system where a resonant transition between two phases occurs in a phase transformation of first order.
Lipid Exchange Promotes Fusion of Model Protocells
Authors: Fan Ziyan , Deckel Yaam , Lowe Lauren A. , Loo Daniel W. K. , Yomo Tetsuya , Szostak Jack W. , Nisler Collin , Wang Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVesicle fusion is an important process underlying cell division, transport, and membrane trafficking. In phospholipid systems, a range of fusogens including divalent cations and depletants have been shown to induce adhesion, hemifusion, and then full content fusion between vesicles. This work shows that these fusogens do not perform the same function for fatty acid vesicles, which are used as model protocells (primitive cells). Even when fatty acid vesicles appear adhered or hemifused to each other, the intervening barriers between vesicles do not rupture. This difference is likely because fatty acids have a single aliphatic tail, and are more dynamic than their phospholipid counterparts. To address this, it is postulated that fusion could instead occur under conditions, such as lipid exchange, that disrupt lipid packing. Using both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, it is verified that fusion in fatty acid systems can indeed be induced by lipid exchange. These results begin to probe how membrane biophysics could constrain the evolutionary dynamics of protocells.
Fabricating and Laminating Films with Through‐Holes and Engraved/Protruding Structures for 3D Micro/Nanofluidic Platforms
Authors: Bae Juyeol , Wu Ronghui , Kim Taesung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicro/nanofluidic devices have become popular for delicately processing biological, material, and chemical samples. However, their reliance on 2D fabrication schemes has hindered further innovation. Here, a 3D manufacturing method is proposed through the innovation of laminated object manufacturing (LOM), which involves the selection of building materials as well as the development of molding and lamination techniques. Fabrication of interlayer films is demonstrated with both multi‐layered micro‐/nanostructures and through‐holes, using an injection molding approach and establishing strategic principles of film design. Utilization of the multi‐layered through‐hole films in LOM allows reducing the number of alignments and laminations by at least two times compared to conventional LOM. Using a dual‐curing resin for film fabrication, a surface‐treatment‐free and collapse‐free lamination technique is shown for constructing 3D multiscale micro/nanofluidic devices with ultralow aspect ratio nanochannels. The 3D manufacturing method enables the development of a nanochannel‐based attoliter droplet generator capable of 3D parallelization for mass production, which implies the remarkable potential to extend numerous existing 2D micro/nanofluidic platforms into a 3D framework.