bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole derivative used for one- and two-component radical photoinitiators for photopolymerization under 405 nm
Authors: Liu Congcong , Xu Yuanyuan , Liu Yukun , Chen Yu , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Li Jinghan , Ma Ying , Li Yaolong , Xue Song 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The new design is generally based on the improvement of existing commercial photoinitiators as well as the introduction of new building blocks aimed at improving the properties of polymerized materials. A photoinitiator named 1,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-2,5-bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (PyBF) with a symmetric trifluoromethyl (-CF3) end groups was synthesized through a one-step aldehyde–ketone condensation reaction. The -CF3 groups are introduced on the 2,5-position phenyl rings of the pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core, and PyBF shows visible light photoinitiation ability that matching with light-emitting diode (LED) of 405 nm. Both acrylate prepolymer and monomer have been applied to our photopolymerization formulas using PyBF as one-component photoinitiator. The thermal stability of PyBF is compared with commercial photointiator (diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, TPO) with a comparable thermal decomposition temperature (Td) temperature above 300 oC. The SEM results show that the cured materials of PyBF/TPO/PEGDA mixture using PyBF/TPO as two-component photoinitiator system have smooth surface, instead of PyBF/PEGDA and TPO/PEGDA systems. Therefore, both the potential pyrrole-based one- and two-component photoinitiator for rational design is worth expected for visible light photopolymerization.
Linking chlorophyll fluorescence signal and vegetation indices to photosynthetic activity under nutrient deficiency, heat, and drought stresses; laboratory and field measurements in monocot and dicot crops
Authors: Mészáros Ádám , Balogh János , Bene Kristóf , de Luca Giulia , Pintér Krisztina , Nagy Zoltán , Fekete Sándor , Cserhalmi Dániel , Fóti Szilvia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Only a small amount of the light absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments including chlorophylls and carotenoids is de-excited via emission as heat or red and far-red chlorophyll fluorescence under normal physiological conditions. Most of the energy is utilized for photosynthetic quantum conversion. In contrast, photosynthetic performance decreases under numerous stress effects, which is accompanied by a rise in the steady-state levels of chlorophyll fluorescence. Field crops in Hungary are increasingly exposed to extreme weather conditions. Therefore, the main objective of our field study in wheat and sunflower crops was to investigate the effects of heat and drought stress and heterogeneous nutrient availability on the vegetation by quantifying the spatial and temporal variability of photosynthetic efficiency and fluorescence. In a parallel laboratory experiment we attempted to create a pool of plants developing under controlled environment, to meet similar appearance as under field conditions. We found that simultaneous observation of multiple spectral domains and an approach based on field and laboratory measurements were adequate to assess stress and its severity for individual plants and for vegetation canopy. Vegetation indices were good tools to separate the healthy state from the stressed state, and, further combined with fluorescence parameters, we could even draw some conclusion about stress severity. Indices linked to anthocyanin and carotenoid were found to be higher in the already damaged plants, while steady-state fluorescence was higher for leaves with still functioning tissues. Above all, individual species differences were much larger than expected.
Pathophysiological mechanisms in Long Covid: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Bakerly Nawar Diar , Delaney Brendan , Smith Nikki , Darbyshire Julie , Kwon Joseph , Bullock Emily , Bailey Sareeta , Sivan Manoj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Long COVID (LC) affects approximately 1.9 million people in the UK. Little is known about its pathophysiologies. Understanding links between LC pathophysiologies and symptoms could guide treatment decisions. Here we report a mixed methods review to identify potential treatment targets.
Methods
A two-stage review of LC publications was conducted using clear eligibility criteria, a structured search strategy, and quality assessment. Review 1 included review of systematic reviews published on LC symptoms and pathophysiologies until July 22; Review 2 included primary studies of LC symptoms and pathophysiologies published June 21-October 22.
Results
The quality of publications in both stages (Review 1 [19 reviews] and Review 2 [46 primary studies]), was moderate to poor. From these publications we identified links between LC symptoms and immune dysregulation (ILs 6 and 8), micro and macro vascular inflammation leading to endothelitis and microthrobitis, and humoral response affecting viral persistence. Some studies reported impaired gas transfer leading to respiratory system issues. Brain and cardiac abnormalities on imaging were also reported.
Conclusions
LC probably stems from multiple pathophysiologies with interlinked pathways. A ‘treatable trait’ approach may be appropriate. Gaps in evidence remain, including limited interventional trials in LC.
Challenging Stereotypes: Examining Patients’ Attitudes Towards Male Nurses – mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Mączyński Damian , Pawlak Natalia , Pasek Maciej , Wardak Aleksandra , Serafin Lena , Czarkowska-Pączek Bożena 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:Despite ongoing efforts to promote gender diversity in nursing, male nurses continue confronting stereotypes and biases that may impact patients’ perceptions and care experiences.
Method: We conducted a mixed-methods review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. We aimed to enhance the review’s utility and impact by integrating both quantitative and qualitative studies.
Results: The reviewed studies indicate that patients generally hold positive attitudes toward male nurses, often perceiving them as competent and skilled caregivers. Nevertheless, these studies reveal that gender stereotypes and traditional gender roles can influence patient perceptions and expectations. Some patients may express concerns about male nurses’ ability to provide emotional support or perform intimate care tasks.
Conclusions: A deeper understanding of patients’ attitudes and the underlying factors can inform interventions and educational initiatives to challenge stereotypes and promote inclusive healthcare environments.
Host community structure can shape pathogen outbreak dynamics
through a phylogenetic dilution effect.
Authors: Toorians Marjolein , Smallegange Isabel , Davies T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity loss and anthropogenic alterations to species communities are impacting the frequency and magnitude of disease emergence events. These changes may be related through mechanisms in which biodiversity either increases (amplifies) or decreases (dilutes) disease prevalence. Biodiversity effects can be direct, when contacts among competent hosts are replaced by contacts with sink hosts, or indirect through regulation of host abundances. Here, we introduce a multi-host compartmental disease model, weighting host competences by their evolutionary relatedness. Using simulations, and estimating community disease outbreak potential (R0), we show how differences in phylogenetic structure can switch host communities from diluting to amplifying a disease, even when species richness is unchanged. We illustrate our model using empirical data describing the relationship between phylogenetic distances separating hosts and their likelihood of disease sharing. Our study demonstrates how host evolutionary histories can drive disease dynamics through a phylogenetic dilution effect.
Probe-Assisted ILM-Rhexis: A Novel Peeling Technique
Authors: Nourinia Ramin , Abtahi Seyed-Hossein , Nouri Hosein , Ahmadieh Hamid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective:
To describe a novel surgical technique of removing internal limiting membrane (ILM) using a 25 G vitrectomy probe amid epiretinal membrane (ERM)/ILM double peeling operation.
Materials and Methods
After standard 3-port 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy, ERM is removed using membrane forceps and appropriate staining. When washing out the ILM-specific dye by the vitrectomy probe an incidental ILM flap may be noticed. We suggest not drawing out the vitrectomy probe but instead applying proximal and tangential aspiration force over the ILM flap, which may be extended and peeled off by gentle probe maneuvers along the retinal surface.
Results
The technique is described in three opertaed cases. Details of probe maneuvers are displayed in a video.
Conclusion
We suggest applying this technique amid surgical scenarios involving ERM/ILM double peeling and double staining where an incidental ILM flap is found after washing out of the ILM-specific dye. Advantages over using conventional forcerps include the reduced number of entries into the posterior segment, lower risk of inadvertent retinal breaks, better safety profile, and easier-to-perform elongation of ILM flaps.
Navigating Children’s Rights and AI in the UK: A roadmap through uncertain territory
Authors: Mahomed Sabeehah , Briggs Morgan , Wong Janis , Aitken Mhairi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Children are among the most vulnerable to the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) but are simultaneously least represented in decision-making processes around the design, development, deployment, and governance of AI. This paper therefore seeks to examine current approaches to addressing children’s rights and children’s interests in this field, and in particular whether and how children’s rights and AI are considered across existing frameworks such as regulations, policy instruments, and guidance documents. The paper presents findings from a series of semi-structured interviews with public sector stakeholders in the UK, which indicated that many of these stakeholders aspire to engage children in relation to AI but do not know how, often pointing to a lack of resources or guidance. Building on these findings, our review of existing frameworks identifies key considerations, similarities, and tensions between the frameworks, and assesses to what extent children have or have not been considered and engaged with AI in the UK and international context. The review identifies gaps that we recommend should be addressed to provide further clarity and certainty in relation to children’s rights and AI. We conclude with reflections on future directions and paths forward to further develop child-centred, rights-based approaches to AI, and the importance of meaningful engagement with children to inform child-centred approaches. Children are an important stakeholder group who must be meaningfully considered and included in the conversations surrounding the future of technological innovation in order for them and duty bearers to collectively steward a shared future for responsible AI.
Impact of Ascophyllum nodosum extract in soybean seeds treatment and seedling vigor
Authors: Oliveira Ana Flávia Ribeiro , Silva Marcelo Paulino da , Santos Cleberton Correia , Silverio Juliana Milene , Júnior Edilson Cardoso de Oliveira , Novaes Lucas Silva 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Seeds treatment with biostimulants for soybean is a promising practice, but there are little studies regarding protocols of bioinputs, such as Ascophyllum nodosum L. seaweed extract. We aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of A. nodosum on soybean seeds treatment, and its impact on germination and seedling vigor. Two tests were conducted, i) germination and seedlings vigor, and ii) emergence and photochemical processes in the field. Six doses of A. nodosum extract (ANE) were tested: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL kg seeds−1, whose seeds were packed in plastic packaging, adding the corresponding dose and homogenizing, leaving them to rest for 15 minutes. ANE treatment did not influence the first count and seed germination. Soybean seedlings from seeds treated with 5 mL kg−1 ANE had greater growth and biomass of the shoot and root. We observed increase 18% for shoot dry matter with seeds treatment of 5 mL kg−1 ANE compared to untreated seeds. The responses were variable for the emergence speed index, and did not influence the photochemical processes in photosystem II in function at ANE, while the seeds treated with ANE had higher chlorophyll index. In cluster analysis seeds treatment with 5 mL kg−1 ANE was isolated from all doses. ANE presented a biostimulant effect on soybean seedlings, providing better growth and biomass characteristics, being promising in seeds treatment, but further studies are suggested in order to increase information regarding its use protocol for soybeans.
Modifikasi Makanan Enteral Tinggi Asam Amino Essensial
Authors: Putriningtyas Natalia Desy , Tyastuti Listiyani Eka , Purwaningsih Sri 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to produce enteral formulations with good taste, proper texture, osmolality, and nutritional value suitable for cancer patients. This study used an experimental design. The preparation of enteral formula was carried out at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Department of Public Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, followed by proximate testing at the Food Technology Laboratory of Soegijapranata Catholic University. The sensory test was conducted at a hospital nutrition installation in Semarang city. The panelists in this study were a group of trained panelists totaling 24 nutritionists in the hospital. Statistical analysis uses descriptive analysis by describing organoleptic test data based on the percentage of hedonic level. The results showed that 18 people (75%) liked the color of the product; 13 people (54.2%) liked the taste; 21 people (87.5%) liked the aroma; and the texture of the enteral formula produced was liked by 16 people (66.7%). The resulting enteral formula has an energy content of 1199.8 kcal; protein 161.2 grams; fat 4.8 grams; carbohydrates 107.8 grams; branch chain amino acid (BCAA) 36.8 grams per 1000 ml. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan formulasi makanan enteral dengan rasa enak, tekstur tepat, osmolalitas dan nilai gizi sesuai bagi penderita kanker. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Pembuatan formula enteral dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Gizi Jurusan Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Negeri Semarang. Uji proksimat dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan Universitas Katholik Soegijapranata. Uji sensori dilakukan di instalasi gizi rumah sakit wilayah kota Semarang. Panelis pada penelitian ini adalah kelompok panelis terlatih sejumlah 24 ahli gizi di rumah sakit. Analisis statistik menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan memaparkan data uji organoleptik berdasarkan persentase tingkat hedonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 18 orang (75%) menyukai warna produk yang dihasilkan, 13 orang (54,2%) menyukai rasa, 21 orang (87,5%) menyukai aroma dan tekstur formula enteral yang dihasilkan disukai oleh 16 orang (66,7%). Formula enteral yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan energi 1199,8 kkal, protein 161,2 gram, lemak 4,8 gram, karbohidrat 107,8 gram, asam amino rantai cabang (BCAA) 36,8 gram setiap 1000 ml.
Air Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) Dapat Menurunkan Kadar Kolesterol Mahasiswi Pascasarjana Universitas Darussalam Gontor
Authors: Farida Farida , Sari Fitri Komala , Nabawiyah Hafidhotun , Istiqomah Afifah , Fathimah Fathimah 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of giving tamarind water on cholesterol levels in early adulthood at the Postgraduate Girls of Darussalam Gontor University. This research was a quasi-experimental research. The research design used a one group pre-posttest design, namely a pre-test before the treatment and a post-test after the treatment. In this study, the samples used were those that met the inclusion criteria, and one group was treated by giving tamarind water for 14 days. Normality data analysis used Shapiro wilk and has a normal data distribution. In the bivariate analysis test using the paired t-test to determine whether there is an effect of giving tamarind on cholesterol levels. The average cholesterol level before giving tamarind water was 180.55 ± 31.263 m/dL and after giving tamarind water, it was 160.77 ± 34.493 m/dL. There was a significant effect on cholesterol levels before and after giving java water (p = 0.018). It can be interpreted that there has been an effect of giving tamarind water on reducing cholesterol levels in postgraduate female students at Darussalam Gontor University. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian air asam jawa terhadap kadar kolesterol mahasiswi di Pascasarjana Putri Universitas Darussalam Gontor. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan model one group pre- postest design. Dilakukan pre-test sebelum adanya perlakuan dan post-test sesudah dilakukannya perlakuan. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswi putri Pascasarjana Universitas Darussalam Gontor. Intervensi diberikan kepada 31 sampel yang tergabung dalam satu kelompok. Perlakuan berupa pemberian air asam jawa selama 14 hari. Uji normalitas data menggunakan Shapiro wilk dan didapatkan hasil bahwa data rerata kadar kolesterol mempunyai sebaran data normal. Adapun analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji paired t-test, untuk melihat efektifitas pemberian asam jawa yang dilihat dari perbedaan rata-rata kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol sebelum dilakukan pemberian air asam jawa adalah 180,55±31,263 m/dL dan setelah pemberian air asam jawa 160,77±34,493 m/dL. Terdapat pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar kolesterol sebelum dan setelah pemberian air asam jawa (p = 0,018). Dapat diartikan bahwa air asam jawa efektif dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol mahasiswi putri Pascasarjana Universitas Darussalam Gontor.
Idiopathic Massive Bilateral Chylothorax : A Case Report
Authors: Ananda Ilham Revan , Listyoko Aditya Sri , Putra Ngakan Putu Parsama , Aslam Achmad Bayhaqi Nasir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction : Chylothorax is an uncommon medical condition caused by the accumulation of chylous fluid in the pleural space. Chylothorax has no predilection for sex or age. The prevalence after various cardiothoracic surgeries is 0.2% to 1%. Mortality and morbidity rates are around 10%. Respiratory distress may occur due to compression of the lung by the accumulated fluid. Management and approaches to treating the condition require multidisciplinary therapy, starting from non- pharmacological, pharmacological, to interventional management.
Case Report : A 57-year-old Man patient was referred to the emergency room with chief complaint of shortness of breath. Reduced breathing sound on both lung fields. No previous history of cancer or thoracic surgery were found. X-ray examination had found bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis and pleural fluid analysis was performed with total of 6800 cc serosanguinous, whitish fluid was extracted from both of the lung. The patient was diagnosed with chylothorax. Lymphangiography and embolization was performed on the leak on left thoracic duct (T10) from right lymph node. Antibiotic was also given to treat the community acquired pneumonia that could be one of the possible etiology on this patient. Dietary modification with low fat diet and Ocreotide was also given to this patient as one of the treatment modalities.
Discussion : The diagnosis of Chylothorax on this patient was established based on pleural fluid analysis and evidenced by lymphangiography examination by the presence of a leak in the thoracic lymphatic duct. Various modalities to diagnose this condition have been carried out with inconclusive results. Non-pharmacological, pharmacological and radiological interventions with embolization through lymphangiography are proven to be able to stop leaks and reduce symptoms in this patient. Conclusion : Chyle leak to the pleural space may compress the lung and cause respiratory distress. Combinaton of thoracocentesis, embolization of the leakage, dietary intake modification and administration of ocreotide may help prevent further chylous fluid accumulation.
Keywords : chylothorax, embolization, lymphangiography, thoracocentesis.
Gender differences in the antihypertensive effect after radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in resistant arterial hypertension
Authors: Mikova E. V. , Gapon L. I. , Kurmangulov A. A. , Krinochkin D. V. , Kolunin G. V. , Abueva E. U. , Pochorenko S. D. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: evaluation of gender differences in the antihypertensive effect after denervation of the renal arteries based on the results of office and daily measurements of blood pressure in resistant arterial hypertension in a 3-year follow-up.Materials and methods: the study involved 80 patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH); Patients were divided by stratification randomization into the interventional treatment group, who continue to receive antihypertensive therapy (AHT) (RDN group) and the MT group (patients on drug therapy only. The study groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, duration of hypertension, the number of antihypertensive drugs taken, the presence of For 12 months, a comparative study was conducted between groups, further analysis of the effectiveness of surgical treatment of RDN PA was carried out at control points of 24 and 36 months, in which laboratory and instrumental examinations were performed.Results: according to the office measurement of blood pressure within the RDN and MT study groups, both in men and women, it turned out to be similar. After 12 months of observation between the comparison groups, the women of the group showed a statistically significant negative dynamics of the office SBP (p<0.01) and office DBP (p<0.05) parameters. According to the analysis of average daily, average daily, average night SBP indicators, after 12 months in the RDN group, a decrease was observed in all main parameters (p<0.001). It is worth paying attention to the fact that in the MT group, among the average daily, average daily, average night ABPM indicators after 12 months, no statistically significant changes were detected. When conducting a gender analysis of ABPM indicators using the Friedman test and correcting the p value for multiple comparisons at visits of 24 and 36 months, a statistically significant decrease in the main average daily indicators in women was demonstrated, while in men such changes were not established.Conclusions: the data obtained indicate a more pronounced antihypertensive effect after radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in resistant arterial hypertension in women.
New approaches to the assessment and classification of patient's selection parameters for phase II-III clinical trials
Authors: Milovanov S. S. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: to study the rate of enrollment of patients for inclusion in clinical trial according to various parameters and its change under the influence of internal factors, to develop new parameters and indicators that could be sensitive for assessing the effect of the this factors.Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of phase II-III data from four phase II-III clinical trials in the field of oncology and hematology conducted from 2007 to 2017.Results: the rate of recruitment of patients, other parameters of recruitment of patients and their derivatives, which were influenced by internal factors, were studied.Conclusions: Patient recruitment is affected by internal factors. This impact can be multidirectional: can increase the number of patients or, conversely, reduce it. Knowing the direction of the influence of a certain factor, it is possible to predict the success of both the recruitment of patients and the success of the clinical trial in general.