bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Multicomponent Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Primary Amines and Cesium (Hydrogen)Carbonate
Authors: Fehr Lorenz , Sewald Leonard , Huber Robert , Kaiser Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA facile multicomponent, catalyst‐free oxazolidinone synthesis from primary aliphatic or aromatic amines, dibromoethane (DBE), and the usage of either cesium carbonate or cesium hydrogencarbonate as the simultaneous base and C1 source is reported. The applicability of this technically simple reaction was demonstrated by a broad scope with generally high yields, enabling concise late‐stage functionalization of amino groups into N‐substituted oxazolidinones. The proposed operating reaction mechanism consists of a first‐step nucleophilic substitution reaction between DBE and the primary amine, followed by the formation of a carbamate or carbonate intermediate and subsequent cyclization. Additional versatility of the herein‐developed protocol has been showcased in a medicinal chemistry approach by the generation of an oxazolidinone‐modified dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (DPP8) inhibitor.
A Metal‐Free C−H Amination‐Based Strategy for N‐Amino Indole Synthesis
Authors: Corrieri Matteo , De Crescentini Lucia , Mantellini Fabio , Mari Giacomo , Santeusanio Stefania , Favi Gianfranco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn oxidative cyclization of electron‐rich α‐arylhydrazones promoted by phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) has been accomplished. This metal‐free, chemoselective transformation allows to obtain synthetically and medicinally important N‐amino‐1H‐indoles, obviating the need for pre‐functionalization of substrates.
The role of protein concentration in heat‐induced particulation of soy proteins at different pHs: Structure and functional properties
Authors: Zheng Yixin , Sun Mengge , Sun Xiaohui , Sun Cuixia , Fang Yapeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProtein particulation is a modification strategy for the optimization of the use of protein materials. The development and subtypes of particulate structures are largely dependent on the aggregated state of proteins after heat‐induced interactions, which is profoundly influenced by protein concentration (PC). In this work, the impact of PC below and above the critical gelation point, that is, 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v), on the structure and functional properties of heat‐treated soy protein isolates (SPIs) at different pHs (2.0, 4.0, and 7.0), was investigated. The results showed that heat‐induced aggregation of SPIs was promoted by increasing the PC, leading to a β‐sheet‐dominated secondary structure. At pH 2.0 and 7.0, the 10% SPIs exhibited larger particle size and lower solubility, surface hydrophobicity index, and oil‐holding capacity compared to the 5% SPIs after heating. Furthermore, at neutral pH, the 10% SPI microgels had higher storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) than their acidifying counterparts, as well as the excellent emulsifying property for oil droplet stabilization. These findings would provide the theoretical basis for the structure modification and function improvement of plant proteins and, therefore, broaden the application of plant proteins in the food industry.
Functional exploration of taro starch (Colocasia esculenta) supplemented yogurt
Authors: Shaheryar Muhammad , Afzaal Muhammad , Nosheen Farhana , Imran Ali , Islam Fakhar , Noreen Rabia , Shehzadi Umber , Shah Mohd Asif , Rasool Adil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStabilizers are essential components of manufactured products such as yogurt. The addition of stabilizers improves the body, texture, appearance, and mouth feel of yogurt while also preventing technical defects such as syneresis. A study was conducted to optimize the concentration of taro starch in yogurt. The yogurt was fortified at different concentrations of taro starch. Taro starch levels were 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3%, with different storage times (0, 14, and 28 days). The Tukey honesty test was used for mean comparison (p < .1). The results of the study showed that maximum moisture and protein content was taken by using 0.5% taro starch and stored for 0 days while maximum fat % was attained in 1.5% taro starch treatment and storage time was 0 days. The maximum water‐holding capacity was increased by adding 1.5% taro starch under 14 days' storage time. Water‐holding capacity started decreasing with the increasing taro concentration. The acidity of yogurt started increasing with the increasing taro starch and the maximum acidity was taken at 2.5% taro starch concentration. The viscosity of the yogurt was maximum at 2% taro starch. As far as it concerned, sensory evolution, aroma, and taste started changing with the increasing taro starch concentration and increasing storage time. The study's goals were to optimize the taro concentration for stabilizing the yogurt synthesis and to probe the impact of taro starch on the physiochemical attributes of yogurt.
Agricultural policy uncertainty and its impact on commodity markets
Authors: Du Xiaodong , Dong Fengxia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe construct an agricultural policy uncertainty (APU) index from leading national and local newspapers in major agricultural states in the United States from January 1999 to September 2021. Our analysis shows that economic policy uncertainty Granger causes APU linearly in the short run, but the relationship is nonlinear and bidirectional in the long run. When economic policy uncertainty is considered, APU significantly reduces hedgers' net short positions and speculators' net long positions (except for corn hedgers) in the corn and soybean markets. APU also has a significant positive impact on the log returns of corn and soybean futures prices, consistent with the theory of storage where commodity returns and volatility are positively correlated.
Collaboration between pharmacists in community pharmacy and ambulatory clinic settings: Current state and future directions
Authors: Cochran Kelly A. , McGivney Melissa A. Somma , Cowart Kevin , DiBridge Julie , Dominic Tiffany , Goode Jean‐Venable R. , Kier Karen , Phan Ha , Wallace‐Gray Takova , Wargo Ryan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPharmacists in the community and ambulatory settings are primed for collaboration that can optimize care. Now is the time to capitalize on the momentum and positive disruption of the COVID‐19 pandemic that propelled pharmacists and their organizations to respond with agility to deliver care in new ways, pivot to develop new partnerships, and leverage technology. The growth of collaborative practice agreements within ambulatory care settings, the enhancement of clinically integrated networks, and the growth in professional organization support create an environment ripe for implementation of pharmacist‐to‐pharmacist collaborations. The American College of Clinical Pharmacy 2022 Clinical Practice Affairs B Committee sought out literature, as well as prepublication contemporary examples, demonstrating models of intraprofessional collaboration among pharmacists in community and ambulatory settings. The committee formulated six key recommendations to optimize pharmacist collaborations in the community and ambulatory settings and formed a framework for practical implementation strategies at the levels of individual pharmacists, organizations, and educational institutions and for legislative advocacy.
Exploring Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Hypersensitivity Reactions Induced by Nonionic Iodine Contrast Media
Authors: Chatani Ryouichi , Kondo Sakura , Kamimura Tadamasa , Suzuki Shinya , Komatsubara Eriko , Hayashi Seiichi , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Kizaki Hayato , Imai Shungo , Hori Satoko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypersensitivity reactions induced by nonionic iodine contrast media sometimes occur and can be life threatening. However, independent factors affecting their occurrence remain to be fully established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify independent factors affecting the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions induced by nonionic iodine contrast media. Patients who received nonionic iodine contrast media at Keiyu Hospital from April 2014 to December 2019 were included. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors affecting hypersensitivity reactions induced by contrast media were calculated by logistic regression analysis. The multiple imputation method was used to impute missing data. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 0.72% (163 cases) of 22,695 cases enrolled in this study. In univariate analysis, 10 variables met the criteria of P < .05 and proportion of missing data <50%. In multivariate analysis, age (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99), outpatient status (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20–3.60), contrast medium iodine content (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04), history of drug allergy (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.50–3.88), and asthma (OR, 17.4; 95% CI, 7.53–40.1) were identified as independent factors affecting contrast media–induced hypersensitivity reactions. Among these factors, history of drug allergy and asthma appear to be clinically relevant and reliable due to their high OR and plausible biological mechanisms, but the other three factors require further validation.
Missing the context: The challenge of social inequalities to school‐based mental health interventions
Authors: Mansfield Karen L. , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne , Montero‐Marin Jesus , Byford Sarah , Ford Tamsin , Kuyken Willem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven well‐established links between socio‐economic adversity and mental health, it is unsurprising that young people's mental health is deteriorating amidst economic crises. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises mental health as “crucial to personal, community, and socio‐economic development” and outlines goals to reshape environments such as schools to protect mental health. Schools offer an ideal setting to promote wellbeing and prevent mental ill‐health during a key developmental window. We describe how social inequalities present a challenge to designing school‐based interventions for prevention and promotion for mental health and wellbeing, and suggest priorities to aid and evaluate their effectiveness.
Everyday engineering: The effects of transformative experience in middle school engineering
Authors: Heddy Benjamin C. , Danielson Robert W. , Ross Kelly , Goldman Jacqueline A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPromoting engagement and motivation in early engineering experiences is important for fostering interest and retention in engineering. One method that has been effective for doing so is facilitating transformative experiences (TEs), which occurs when students apply academic content to everyday experience. Our goal was to explore the effectiveness of an intervention to encourage TE, positive emotions, and interest in middle school engineering courses in two differentially resourced schools.Purpose/HypothesisWe explored the effectiveness of using the video software Flipgrid as a supplement to a TE intervention to impact TE, emotions, and interest. In addition, we sought to model a theorized predictive relationship between TE, emotions, and interest.Design/MethodTwo hundred seventy‐four engineering students across two middle schools with differing levels of resources participated. A cluster‐randomized pretest–posttest survey design was used to explore the variables of interest. ANOVA and SEM were implemented to investigate the research questions and hypotheses.ResultsWe found mixed results, with the intervention facilitating significantly more TEs and maintaining high levels of positive emotions in a school with access to fewer resources. Furthermore, in alignment with hypotheses about interest development (Renninger and Su, Oxford handbook of human motivation 2012; pp. 167–187), the results showed that initial positive and negative emotions predicted initial interest and post‐TE. However, only post‐positive emotions and post‐TE predicted post‐interest. Negative emotions after the intervention did not predict post‐intervention interest.ConclusionsThe findings have theoretical implications for interest development and practical implications for targeted interventions in early engineering education, especially for schools with access to fewer resources.
π‐hole bonding: A new retention mechanism for the solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Xiao Nan , Luo Si Yan , Xu Shao Nan , Lv Ji Fang , Yan Xiao Qing 
Published: April 2023

In this work, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was tested to adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hexane. In the comparison experiments, the perfluorobenzene‐bonded sorbent's performance was better than octadecyl silica sorbent and phenyl‐bonded silica sorbents, which indicated that the π‐hole···π bonds between perfluorobenzene and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were stronger than π···π interactions and hydrophobic interactions in hexane. Then the perfluorobenzene‐bonded silica sorbent was applied to solid‐phase extraction of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the hexane extracts of soil samples directly without the solvent replacement, which simplified the soil pretreatment process. And the results showed that under the optimal conditions, the proposed method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment soil presented good recoveries and stabilities for the 10 heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the recoveries ranging from 75.1% to 104.6% and the relative standard deviations being in the range of 1.4%–5.8%. The limits of detection of the method varied from 0.1 to 2 ng/g. This work reveals the great application potential of the π‐hole bond as a new retention mechanism in the field of solid‐phase extraction.
A New Method for Gain Calculation in Quantified Visuo‐vestibular Interaction Test
Authors: Soriano‐Reixach Maria M. , Rey‐Martínez Jorge A. , Garcia‐Martin Mikel , Trinidad‐Ruiz Gabriel , Altuna Xabier 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a new method to quantify visually‐enhanced vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VVOR) gain, in patients with vestibular function loss, that is mathematically suitable given the nature of the test, and determine the reliability of the method by comparing results with those of the gold standard, the video head impulse test (vHIT).Materials and MethodsWe developed a new method for VVOR gain quantification and conducted a cross‐sectional study in patients diagnosed with vestibular function loss and controls, all participants undergoing both a VVOR test and a vHIT. We measured VVOR gain with three different methods: area under the curve (AUC), slope regression, and a Fourier method (VVORAUC, VVORSP, and VVORFR, respectively); and compared these gain values with vHIT gain calculated using the AUC method.ResultsOverall, 111 patients were included: 29 healthy subjects and 82 patients with vestibular function loss. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(1,1)) between gain from the gold standard and each of the VVOR gain methods were: 0.68 (CI: 0.61–0.75) for VVORAUC, 0.66 (CI: 0.58–0.73) for VVORSP and 0.71 (CI: 0.64–0.77) for VVORFR. No interference was found between VVOR gain calculation methods and potentially influential variables considered (p ≥ 0.98).ConclusionThe new method for quantifying VVOR gain showed good concordance with the vHIT method.Level of Evidence2: Individual cross‐sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding (Diagnosis) Laryngoscope, 133:3554–3563, 2023
A high‐performance microstrip bandpass filtering coupler with low‐loss and compact size
Authors: Rezaei Abbas , Yahya Salah I. , Nouri Leila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this letter, novel spiral‐coupled transmission lines are used to obtain a high‐performance microstrip coupler. The advantages of the proposed microstrip coupler are novel structure, filtering frequency response, suppressed harmonics up to second harmonics, transmission poles, low losses, compact size, and good phase balance. The proposed structure is novel and different from the previous coupler designs such as rate‐races, rings, and branch‐lines types. It is presented for the first time in this work with a very small size and good performance. The size of this coupler is only 82.6 mm2 (0.004 λg2). The common port return loss is 33 dB and the insertion losses at port 2 and port 3 are 2.2 and 2.7 dB, respectively. To prove the accuracy of the design method and simulation results, the proposed coupler is fabricated and measured where the measurement results confirm the simulation results and the proposed design method.
Compact substrate‐integrated waveguide filtering multiple‐input multiple‐output magnetic dipole antenna with high selectivity and high isolation
Authors: Li Qun , Xiao Shaoqiu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA compact substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering multiple‐input multiple‐output magnetic dipole antenna with high selectivity and high isolation is proposed. Each filtering antenna element contains a SIW cavity, a half‐mode SIW cavity, and a magnetic dipole antenna with backed ground. Meanwhile, the SIW cavity and the half‐mode SIW cavity are vertically connected through magnetic coupling, and second‐order filtering frequency responses can be obtained. Owing to the cross‐coupling between the feeding line and antenna, two radiation nulls can be created to realize high selectivity. Based on the radiation mechanism of the magnetic dipole antenna and polarization diversity, high isolation can be obtained. The measured isolation and the envelope correlation coefficient are greater than 24 dB and less than 0.004, respectively.
Compact planar meta‐lenses for nondiffracting surface wave deflection
Authors: Zhou Jie , Lu Ping , Luo Linkai , Liu Qian , Lei Enpu , Huang Kama , Song Chaoyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA novel planar lens structure is proposed by using metasurfaces to convert cylindrical‐like surface wave to inclined nondiffracting wave with a deflection angle. Based on the geometric optics, the refractive index distribution of the surface wave lens is derived. A square metal ring‐shaped metasurface cell is used for realizing small refractive index whilst two opposite E‐shaped metal patches are used to form the meta‐cell with large refractive index. By adjusting the size of meta‐cells, the desired refractive index distribution is obtained after optimization. Measured results show that the inclined nondiffractive surface wave can be achieved with the maximum propagation distance of 99.72 mm at the tilted angle of 26.8°, which are consistent with the full‐wave simulation and numerical calculation results. The proposed meta‐lens achieves compact size, large titled angle, and long nondiffraction propagation distance, therefore could be well utilized in surface wave communication and nondestructive detection of surface defects.
Short bowel syndrome: Complications and management
Authors: Bering Jamie , DiBaise John K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs when a patient loses bowel length or function significantly enough to cause malabsorption, oftentimes requiring lifelong parenteral support. In adults, this occurs most commonly in the setting of massive intestinal resection, whereas congenital anomalies and necrotizing enterocolitis predominate in children. Many patients with SBS develop long‐term clinical complications over time related to their altered intestinal anatomy and physiology or to various treatment interventions such as parenteral nutrition and the central venous catheter through which it is administered. Identifying, preventing, and treating these complications can be challenging. This review will focus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of several complications that can occur in this patient population, including diarrhea, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, vitamin and trace element derangements, metabolic bone disease, biliary disorders, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, d‐lactic acidosis, and complications of central venous catheters.
Intestinal failure among adults and children: Similarities and differences
Authors: Belza Christina , Wales Paul W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntestinal failure (IF) is a complex medical condition that is caused by a constellation of disorders, resulting in the gut's inability to adequately absorb fluids and nutrients to sustain hydration, growth, and survival, thereby requiring the use of parenteral fluid and/or nutrition. Significant advancements in intestinal rehabilitation have resulted in improved survival rates for individuals with IF. There are distinct differences, however, related to etiology, adaptive potential and complications, and medical and surgical management when comparing children with adults. The purpose of this review is to contrast the similarities and differences between these two distinct groups and provide insight for future directions, as a growing population of pediatric patients will cross into the adult world for IF management.
Mutational landscape of primary spinal cord astrocytoma
Authors: Cheng Lei , Zhang Fan , Zhao Xingang , Wang Leiming , Duan Wanru , Guan Jian , Wang Kai , Liu Zhenlei , Wang Xingwen , Wang Zuowei , Wu Hao , Chen Zan , Teng Lianghong , Li Yifei , Xiao Fei , Fan Tao , Jian Fengzeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrimary spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare disease. Knowledge about the molecular profiles of SCAs mostly comes from intracranial glioma; the pattern of genetic alterations of SCAs is not well understood. Herein, we describe genome‐sequencing analyses of primary SCAs, aiming to characterize the mutational landscape of primary SCAs. We utilized whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) among 51 primary SCAs. Driver genes were searched using four algorithms. GISTIC2 was used to detect significant CNVs. Additionally, recurrently mutated pathways were also summarized. A total of 12 driver genes were identified. Of those,H3F3A(47.1%),TP53(29.4%),NF1(19.6%),ATRX(17.6%), andPPM1D(17.6%) were the most frequently mutated genes. Furthermore, three novel driver genes seldom reported in glioma were identified:HNRNPC,SYNE1, andRBM10. Several germline mutations, including three variants (SLC16A8rs2235573,LMF1rs3751667,FAM20Crs774848096) that were associated with risk of brain glioma, were frequently observed in SCAs. Moreover, 12q14.1 (13.7%) encompassing the oncogeneCDK4was recurrently amplified and negatively affected patient prognosis. Besides frequently mutated RTK/RAS pathway and PI3K pathway, the cell cycle pathway controlling the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) was mutated in 39.2% of patients. Overall, a considerable degree of the somatic mutation landscape is shared between SCAs and brainstem glioma. Our work provides a key insight into the molecular profiling of primary SCAs, which might represent candidate drug targets and complement the molecular atlas of glioma. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.