bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network analysis of eating disorder and depression symptoms among university students in the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China
Authors: Yang Weixin , Xiao Dongmei , Shi Yuchen , Dong Tianyuan , Xiong Peng 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundEating disorders (EDs) and depression are common in university students, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of EDs and depression symptoms networks among Chinese university students in the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.MethodsA total of 929 university students completed the SCOFF questionnaire measuring EDs and Patient Health Questionnaire with 9 items (PHQ-9) measuring depression in Guangzhou, China. The network model was applied to identify central symptoms, bridge symptoms, and important connections between SCOFF and PHQ-9 using R studio. The subgroup analyses of both genders in medical and non-medical students were further explored.ResultsIn the networks of the whole sample, central symptoms included “Loss of control over eating” (EDs) and “Appetite changes” (depression). The bridge connections were between “Loss of control over eating” (EDs) and “Appetite changes” (depression), between “Deliberate vomiting” (EDs) and “Thoughts of death” (depression). “Appetite changes” (depression) and “Feeling of worthlessness” (depression) were central symptoms in both subgroups of medical and non-medical students. “Fatigue” (depression) was the central symptom in the female and medical students group. The edge between “Loss of control over eating” (EDs) and “Appetite changes” (depression) acted as a bridge in all subgroups.ConclusionSocial network approaches offered promising ways of further understanding the association between EDs and depression among university students during the pandemic of COVID-19 in China. Investigations targeting central and bridge symptoms would help to develop effective treatments for both EDs and depression for this population.
Breast cancer survival and the health system in Brazil: an analysis of public and private healthcare
Authors: Ferreira Adriana de Souza Sérgio , Cintra Jane Rocha Duarte , Fayer Vívian Assis , Nogueira Mário Círio , Júnior Cassimiro Baesso , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa , Chaoubah Alfredo , Cintra Arthur Duarte , Simão Caroline Montes , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe incidence of breast cancer is increasing globally; however, survival outcomes vary and are lower in developing countries.MethodsWe analyzed the 5- and 10-year survival rates for breast cancer according to the type of healthcare insurance (public vs. private) in a referral center for cancer care in the Brazilian southeast region. This hospital-based cohort study included 517 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2005. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the probability of survival, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess prognostic factors.ResultsThe 5- and 10-year breast cancer survival rates were as follows: private healthcare service survival rate of 80.6% (95% CI 75.0–85.0) and 71.5% (95% CI 65.4–77.1), respectively, and public healthcare service survival rate of 68.5% (95% CI 62.5–73.8) and 58.5% (95% CI 52.1–64.4), respectively. The main factors associated with the worst prognosis were lymph node involvement in both healthcare services and tumor size &gt;2 cm only in public health services. The use of hormone therapy (private) and radiotherapy (public) was associated with the best survival rates.ConclusionsThe survival discrepancies found between health services can be explained mainly by the difference in the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, indicating inequalities in access to the early detection of breast cancer.
Cannabigerol modulates α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated electrophysiological effects on dorsal raphe nucleus and locus coeruleus neurons and anxiety behavior in rat
Authors: Mendiguren Aitziber , Aostri Erik , Rodilla Irati , Pujana Iker , Noskova Ekaterina , Pineda Joseba 
Published: May 2023

The pharmacological profile of cannabigerol (CBG), which acid form constitutes the main precursor of the most abundant cannabinoids, has been scarcely studied. It has been reported to target α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor. The locus coeruleus (LC) and the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are the main serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic (NA) areas in the rat brain, respectively. We aimed to study the effect of CBG on the firing rate of LC NA cells and DRN 5-HT cells and on α2-adrenergic and 5-HT1A autoreceptors by electrophysiological techniques in male Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices. The effect of CBG on the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) and the elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and the involvement of the 5-HT1A receptor was also studied. CBG (30 μM, 10 min) slightly changed the firing rate of NA cells but failed to alter the inhibitory effect of NA (1–100 µM). However, in the presence of CBG the inhibitory effect of the selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist UK14304 (10 nM) was decreased. Perfusion with CBG (30 μM, 10 min) did not change the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells or the inhibitory effect of 5-HT (100 μM, 1 min) but it reduced the inhibitory effect of ipsapirone (100 nM). CBG failed to reverse ipsapirone-induced inhibition whereas perfusion with the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (30 nM) completely restored the firing rate of DRN 5-HT cells. In the EPMT, CBG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the percentage of time the rats spent on the open arms and the number of head-dipping but it reduced the anxiety index. In the NSFT, CBG decreased the time latency to eat in the novel environment but it did not alter home-cage consumption. The effect of CBG on the reduction of latency to feed was prevented by pretreatment with WAY100635 (1 mg/kg, i.p.). In conclusion, CBG hinders the inhibitory effect produced by selective α2-adrenoceptor and 5-HT1A receptor agonists on the firing rate of NA-LC and 5-HT-DRN neurons by a yet unknown indirect mechanism in rat brain slices and produces anxiolytic-like effects through 5-HT1A receptor.
The introduction and implementation of open dialogue in a day center in Athens, Greece: experiences and reflections of mental health professionals
Authors: Skourteli Marina Christina , Issari Philia , Dimou Lito , Antonopoulou Ariadni O. A. , Bairami Georgia , Stefanidou Artemis , Kouroglou V. , Stylianidis Stelios 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe present study is part of a large-scale original action-research project aiming to assess the introduction and implementation of the Open Dialogue approach within the clinical practice of an established multidisciplinary team in a Day Centre in Athens, Greece. More specifically, it aimed to explore the experiences of professionals within the process of implementation both in relation to their clinical practice and their professional identity.MethodsData collection employed a focus group, which was set up to explore professional reflections of the implementation and research processes since the introduction of the model. Thematic Analysis of transcripts revealed two main themes that correspond to the impact of Open Dialogue on professionals’ clinical practice and on team dynamics, respectively.ResultsProfessionals identify several challenges in implementing OD, such as difficulties in linking theory to practice, containing uncertainty, and addressing cultural barriers to dialogical ways of working. Professionals further reflect on their own internal journey stemming from the implementation of Open Dialogue that has led them to greater openness and growth, personally and as a team.DiscussionThe role of mental health professionals is being acknowledged as being at the frontline of any meaningful psychiatric reform through the assimilation and promotion of humanistic paradigms aiming towards a change of culture in psychiatric care across different contexts. Despite variations in implementation across different contexts, the importance of consolidating and embracing Open Dialogue as a philosophical framework underpinning mental health care is being discussed.
Prevalence of alcohol consumption among clients of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) centers in Golestan province, Iran
Authors: Noroozi Alireza , Danesh Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionOpioid agonist treatments (OATs) with methadone and buprenorphine are known to be effective treatments for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, concomitant use of other substances such as alcohol can negatively affect OAT outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol use among clients of OAT centers in the Golestan province in the northern part of Iran.Materials and methodsThis is a secondary analysis of a sample of 706 clients who were receiving OATs from certified OAT centers in Golestan province in 2015. They had been on OATs for at least 1 month and were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected via interviews with selected OAT clients. The main indicators studied in the present study were lifetime history of alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption during last month, lifetime history of excessive alcohol use on one occasion, and years of regular alcohol consumption.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime history of alcohol consumption was estimated at 39.2%. Prevalence of alcohol consumption during last month and lifetime history of excessive alcohol use on one occasion was 6.9 and 18.8%, respectively.ConclusionDespite a total ban on alcohol consumption in Iran, a sub-sample of participants admitted past-month alcohol use concurrent with their OATs. The estimated past-month prevalence of alcohol use was lower than the reported prevalence in countries where the production, distribution, and consumption of alcohol are legal.
Home quarantine during COVID-19 blunted childhood trauma-related psychiatric symptoms in Chinese college students
Authors: Hong Wenjuan , Wang Qiang , Hou Qinghong , Zhao Nan , Wang Ruoling , Bai Yan , Hu Chengping , Liu Weiqing 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundChildhood trauma confers risks to mental health. However, little is known about whether home quarantine (HQ) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exaggerated or mitigated the effect of childhood trauma on mental health.ObjectiveTo examine the modulating effects of prior childhood traumas on the longitudinal changes of psychiatric symptoms in college students before and after HQ during the pandemic.MethodsThis was a two-wave longitudinal study on the mental health of 2,887 college students before and after HQ during the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationships between the changes in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) scores were analyzed.ResultsThe students with childhood trauma showed a significantly greater decrement in psychiatric symptoms after HQ (F = 17.21, 14.11, 18.87, and 17.42 for PHQ-9, PQ-16 objective and distress, and SCL-90, respectively). The correlation coefficients between the CTQ and these symptoms scales were significant at baseline (r = 0.42, 0.34, 0.37, and 0.39), and decreased after HQ (r = 0.17, 0.20, 0.18, and 0.19). The decrement of depressive, psychotic, and overall symptoms was positively correlated with the scores of the CTQ (r = 0.08–0.27) but negatively correlated with SSRS (r = −0.08−−0.14). Multilinear regression analysis confirmed the results of the CTQ and SSRS regarding the modulation of the dynamic changes in psychiatric symptoms. A constructed structural equation model indicated that the total effects of childhood trauma on decreased psychiatric symptoms were partly mediated by lower baseline social support.ConclusionHome quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic could blunt the adverse effects of childhood trauma on mental health, especially for prodromal psychotic symptoms in college students. Changes in relative deprivation and social support may be mediating factors.
Knowledge and attitude about organ donation and transplantation among Omani university students
Authors: Alwahaibi Nasar , Al Wahaibi Anas , Al Abri Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDespite the importance of organ donation and transplantation in improving the quality of life, still, there is a shortage of organ donations, worldwide. Lack of knowledge among the public could be the reason. In previous studies, the focus was predominantly on medical students at universities. The aim of this study was to assess university students’ knowledge and attitude about organ donation and transplantation among different colleges at the university.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted among university students between August 2021 and February 2022 using a validated self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of five sections. The first section was about the research information. The second section was informed consent. The third section was about sociodemographic information. The fourth section was about the knowledge of organ donation. The last section was about the attitude toward organ donation. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.ResultsThe study included 2,125 students. 68.1% were females, and 93.1% were in the age group 17–24 years old. Only 34.1% had good knowledge about organ donation, 70.2% had a low attitude, and 7.53% had adequate information about brain death. The most common reason for supporting donating organs among university students was to save a life (76.8%) and the most common reason for refusing organs, was I am still unaware. In addition, only 25.66% of the participants had a high attitude toward people with poor knowledge about organ donation. The majority of the students (84.13%) used online sources and social networks as the primary sources of information about organ donation.ConclusionThe knowledge and attitudes of university students toward organ donation and transplantation were low. Saving a life was the most common reason for supporting organ donation, and knowledge was the biggest obstacle. Online sources and social networks were the primary sources of knowledge. The attitude was greatly influenced by knowledge. Organizing campaigns, and events, and incorporating organ donation and transplantation into university curricula will increase university students’ knowledge and attitudes.
Widening the lens of population-based health research to climate change impacts and adaptation: the climate change and health evaluation and response system (CHEERS)
Authors: Barteit Sandra , Sié Ali , Zabré Pascal , Traoré I , Ouédraogo Windpanga Aristide , Boudo Valentin , Munga Stephen , Khagayi Sammy , Obor David , Muok Erick , Franke Jonas , Schwarz Maximilian , Blass Klaus , Su Tin Tin , Bärnighausen Till , Sankoh Osman , Sauerborn Rainer 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundClimate change significantly impacts health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), exacerbating vulnerabilities. Comprehensive data for evidence-based research and decision-making is crucial but scarce. Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSSs) in Africa and Asia provide a robust infrastructure with longitudinal population cohort data, yet they lack climate-health specific data. Acquiring this information is essential for understanding the burden of climate-sensitive diseases on populations and guiding targeted policies and interventions in LMICs to enhance mitigation and adaptation capacities.ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to develop and implement the Change and Health Evaluation and Response System (CHEERS) as a methodological framework, designed to facilitate the generation and ongoing monitoring of climate change and health-related data within existing Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSSs) and comparable research infrastructures.MethodsCHEERS uses a multi-tiered approach to assess health and environmental exposures at the individual, household, and community levels, utilizing digital tools such as wearable devices, indoor temperature and humidity measurements, remotely sensed satellite data, and 3D-printed weather stations. The CHEERS framework utilizes a graph database to efficiently manage and analyze diverse data types, leveraging graph algorithms to understand the complex interplay between health and environmental exposures.ResultsThe Nouna CHEERS site, established in 2022, has yielded significant preliminary findings. By using remotely-sensed data, the site has been able to predict crop yield at a household level in Nouna and explore the relationships between yield, socioeconomic factors, and health outcomes. The feasibility and acceptability of wearable technology have been confirmed in rural Burkina Faso for obtaining individual-level data, despite the presence of technical challenges. The use of wearables to study the impact of extreme weather on health has shown significant effects of heat exposure on sleep and daily activity, highlighting the urgent need for interventions to mitigate adverse health consequences.ConclusionImplementing the CHEERS in research infrastructures can advance climate change and health research, as large and longitudinal datasets have been scarce for LMICs. This data can inform health priorities, guide resource allocation to address climate change and health exposures, and protect vulnerable communities in LMICs from these exposures.
Death attitudes and associated factors among health professional students in China
Authors: Han Huiwu , Ye Ying , Zhuo Hongxia , Liu Shaohui , Zheng Fan 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundChina is entering an era of aging population with an increased mortality rate among this category of population. Health professional students' attitudes toward death directly affect their quality of palliative care in their future careers. It is thus important to understand their death attitudes and associated factors to guide future educational and training development.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate death attitudes and analyze the associated factors among health professional students in China.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1,044 health professional students were recruited from 14 medical colleges and universities. The Chinese version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) was used to evaluate their death attitudes. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of attitudes toward death.ResultsHealth professional students tended to accept death more neutrally. Multivariate analysis showed that their negative death attitudes were associated with age (β = −0.31, p &lt; 0.001) and religious belief (β = 2.76, p = 0.015), while positive death attitudes were associated with age (β = −0.42, p &lt; 0.001), hearing of Advance Care Plan (ACP) (β = 2.21, p = 0.001), and attending funeral/memorial services (β = 2.69, p = 0.016).ConclusionOur study stresses the importance of including death and palliative care education in healthcare courses among health professional students in China. Incorporation of ACP education along with experiences of funeral/memorial services may help promote health professional students' positive attitudes toward death and improve the quality of palliative care in their future careers.
Depression is associated with heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Yanying , Long Chen , Xing Zhenhua 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of heart failure (HF). Depression, a common comorbidity of T2DM, may further increase the risk of heart failure (HF). We investigated the association between depression and incident HF in patients with T2DM.Methods and resultsDepressive symptoms were assessed in the ACCORD Health-Related Quality of Life study participants at baseline, 12, 36, and 48 months using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The severity of depressive symptoms was categorized as none (0–4 points), mild (5–9 points), or moderate-severe (10–24 points). Cox regression with PHQ-9 as a time-dependent covariate was used to assess the association between depression and incident HF. During the median follow-up of 8.1 years, 104 participants developed HF (incidence: 7.1/1,000 person-years). Half of the participants with moderate-severe depression were relieved and a significant percentage of participants without depression or with mild depression worsened to mild or moderate-severe depression during the follow-up period, respectively. Each unit increase in the PHQ-9 score was associated with a 5% higher risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR]:1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.10). Patients with depression ever (HR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.25–3.98) or persistent depression (HR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.05–4.44) had a higher risk of HF than those without depression ever.ConclusionDepressive symptoms change greatly in T2DM patients, depressive symptoms are an independent risk factor for HF. These results reinforce the importance of continuous evaluation and management of mental health status in T2DM patients with high HF risk.
Fermented Kamut Sprout Extract Decreases Cell Cytotoxicity and Increases the Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammation Effect
Authors: Ki Hosam , Baek Jun-Seok , Hawkes Hye-Jin Kim , Kim Young Soo , Hwang Kwang Yeon 
Published: May 2023

Kamut sprouts (KaS) contain several biologically active compounds. In this study, solid-state fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Latilactobacillus sakei was used to ferment KaS (fKaS-ex) for 6 days. The fKaS-ex showed a 26.3 mg/g dried weight (dw) and 46.88 mg/g dw of polyphenol and the β-glucan contents, respectively. In the Raw264.7 and HaCaT cell lines, the non-fermented KaS (nfKaS-ex) decreased cell viability from 85.3% to 62.1% at concentrations of 0.63 and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the fKaS-ex decreased cell viability, but showed more than 100% even at 1.25 and 5.0 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. The anti-inflammatory effect of fKaS-ex also increased. At 600 µg/mL, the fKaS-ex exhibited a significantly higher ability to reduce cytotoxicity by suppressing COX-2 and IL-6 mRNA expressions as well as that for IL-1β mRNA. In summary, fKaS-ex exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicity and increased anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating that fKaS-ex is beneficial for use in food and other industries.
The effects of video games on communication and social interaction: A study on Emirati university students
Authors: Zamoum Khaled , Ismail Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

This study examines the relationship between playing video games, communication and social interaction among Emirati university students, as several studies (Oei & Patterson, 2014) have shown that there is a real impact of video games on peoples’ interactions as social beings. The results of the study confirmed that 63.9% of the participants use video games on a daily basis, with 23.3% of them allocating two hours per day. Besides, 90.7% of the respondents prefer to play with their friends; which constitutes a form of communication and social interaction. However, 41.67% of the respondents confirmed that video games affect their family relationships, 36.45% affect their relationships with friends, 34.25% enable them to escape from their social reality, 43.59% increase their social isolation, and 39.9% prefer to play alone. This highlights the negative impact of video games on communication and social interaction.