bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lang‐Track‐App: Open‐Source Tools for Implementing the Experience Sampling Method in Second Language Acquisition Research
Authors: Arndt Henriette L. , Granfeldt Jonas , Gullberg Marianne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces the Lang‐Track‐App, a smartphone application and backend system to aid second language acquisition researchers in implementing the experience sampling method (ESM). Surveying research participants with the Lang‐Track‐App multiple times per day can yield exceptionally rich data that can be analyzed in multiple ways. This article explains the different Lang‐Track‐App components and describes workflows for both researchers and participants. To demonstrate the step‐by‐step implementation, we present a recent study of language use in study abroad as a test case in which we used the Lang‐Track‐App to collect ESM data about frequency and qualitative aspects of language use. A selection of findings from this study highlights the richness of ESM data and how they can be analyzed at various levels. Researchers wishing to use the Lang‐Track‐App to implement the ESM in their own research can access the full open‐source code and documentation via GitHub (https://github.com/HumlabLu).
LMX differentiation as a double‐edged sword: A social hierarchy perspective for understanding the beneficial and detrimental effects of LMX differentiation on team performance
Authors: Xu Haoying (Howie) , Wayne Sandy J. , Wang Linda C. , Pan Jingzhou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrawing on the social hierarchy within teams literature, we contend that leader‐member exchange differentiation (LMXD) may function as a coordination‐enabling mechanism and as a conflict‐enabling mechanism in transmitting its positive and negative effects on team performance. Specifically, we propose that the positive effect of LMXD on team performance is due to its impact on team role clarity, whereas the negative effects operate through team relationship conflict. To shed light on the boundary conditions that qualify the divergent mechanisms, we further examine the moderating roles of three team structural characteristics (also referred to as team type dimensions), including authority differentiation (AD), skill differentiation (SD), and temporal stability (TS). We conducted two studies to examine our model, which involve multi‐source and multi‐phase lagged data from multiple organizations from diverse industries. Across the two studies, we find consistent support for the coordination‐enabling mechanism and the roles of AD and SD in qualifying this mechanism. Regarding the conflict‐enabling mechanism, both studies support the moderating effect of SD. In contrast, we find limited support for the moderating effect of TS on both the coordination‐enabling and conflict‐enabling mechanisms, although we were only able to examine this in Study 2. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research on LMXD and team performance.
An SIS epidemic model with mass action infection mechanism in a patchy environment
Authors: Li Huicong , Peng Rui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study an SIS (susceptible–infected–susceptible) epidemic model with mass action infection mechanism in a patchy environment. We first analyze the long‐time dynamics of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number , and prove under certain conditions that the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE) is globally attractive if whereas the endemic equilibrium (EE) is globally attractive if . Then we establish the existence and uniqueness of EE provided , which is achieved, among other ingredients, by reducing the equilibrium problem into the one involving only the component of infected population. We further investigate the asymptotic profile of EE as the motility rate of the susceptible and/or infected population becomes small. We also perform the theoretical analysis on the corresponding model with linear birth/death effect. By comparing the findings of the models considered here with those of other closely related ones, our results suggest that the variation of total population, individual motility, infection mechanism, and spatial heterogeneity all can play significant roles in the dynamics of disease transmission, which may shed light on the practical implications for predicting the patterns of disease outbreak and designing optimal control strategies.
Caudal vena cava measurements and fluid responsiveness in hospitalized cats with compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion
Authors: Donati Pablo A. , Tunesi Marcela , Araos Joaquin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of the caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVCCI) and the inspiratory/minimum and expiratory/maximum diameters of the vena cava to predict fluid responsiveness in hospitalized, critically ill cats with hemodynamic and tissue perfusion abnormalities.DesignDiagnostic test study in a prospective cohort of hospitalized cats.SettingPrivate practice referral hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐four hospitalized cats with spontaneous breathing and compromised hemodynamics and tissue hypoperfusion.InterventionsUltrasonographic examination before and after fluid expansion with 10 ml/kg of lactated Ringer's solution.Measurements and Main ResultsFluid responsiveness was evaluated using the velocity–time integral (VTI) of the subaortic blood flow, by measuring it before and after a fluid load of 10 ml/kg of lactated Ringer's solution. The CVCCI was calculated using the following formula: (maximum diameter – minimum diameter / maximum diameter) × 100. Ten cats were fluid responders (42 %) and 14 were nonresponders (58 %). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with their 95% confidence interval for the predictors and the best cutoff values were as follows: CVCCI, AUROC = 0.83 (0.66–1.00) and cutoff = 31%; inspiratory/minimum diameter, AUROC = 0.86 (0.70–1.00) and cutoff = 0.24 cm; expiratory/maximum diameter, AUROC = 0.88 (0.74–1.00) and cutoff = 0.22 cm. A significant lineal correlation was observed between the percentage of increase in VTI after expansion and CVCCI (rs = 0.68, P < 0.001), expiratory/maximum diameter (rs = –0.72, P < 0.001), and inspiratory/minimum diameter (rs = –0.71, P < 0.001). The intraobserver and interobserver variability was low for VTI, and the expiratory/maximum diameter and inspiratory/minimum diameter were high for CVCCI.ConclusionsCaudal vena cava measurements could be useful to predict the response to fluids in hospitalized cats with hemodynamic and tissue perfusion alterations. Additional studies are required to draw definitive conclusions about the role of these variables to guide fluid administration in cats.
Atypical antibiotic‐responsive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius‐associated tumor‐like meibomitis in the upper eyelid: A case report of two dogs
Authors: Kim Sol , Yang Yeseul , Kim Su An , Lee SeungJun , Kim Yongbaek , Seo Kangmoon , Kang Seonmi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo present the clinical signs and treatment methods for atypical tumor‐like meibomitis in two dogs.Animals StudiedA 4‐year‐old castrated‐male Coton de Tulear (Case 1) and a 6‐year‐old spayed‐female Maltese dog (Case 2).ProcedureFull ophthalmic examination revealed a well‐circumscribed, firm, and raised solitary mass on the upper eyelid of the left (Case 1) and right eye (Case 2). Case 1 showed a recurrent mass with a diameter of 2–3 mm, which was excised by the referring veterinarian. The possibility of meibomian gland involvement was suggested histopathologically. Case 2 had a history of blepharitis treated with systemic corticosteroids 4 years ago.ResultsTopical and systemic antibiotics and anti‐inflammatory drugs were administered to reduce inflammation and prevent secondary infections. In Case 1, the mass appeared static at the beginning of medication; however, after stopping antibiotics while tapering steroids, the mass increased in size and was associated with suppurative discharge. In Case 2, the mass continued to grow despite treatment, showing a similar infection pattern. Cytological examination revealed neutrophilic inflammation with cocci infection, and bacterial culture confirmed the presence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in both cases. When steroid administration was stopped and antibiotic administration was initiated according to the results of the antibiotic susceptibility test, the mass rapidly decreased in size and completely disappeared. There was no recurrence on follow‐up.ConclusionsA unilateral antibiotic‐responsive tumor‐like solitary mass on the upper eyelid resolved without surgical treatment. Medical treatment must be considered when treating atypical eyelid masses, and the use of appropriate antibiotics through antibiotic susceptibility testing is important.
Silica Removal by an Improved Magnesia Process
Authors: Tiger H. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Modern high-pressure boilers with high feedwater make-up requirements frequently demand reduction of dissolved silica. A new magnesia process for silica removal has been developed, combining flexibility, simplicity, and economy. It can be applied to any type of water at any temperature; it can be carried out in conjunction with the usual precipitation water-softening process; and the increase in operating cost is very small.
These results are accomplished by a new method of combining a number of principles embodied in this process. Extensive investigations were conducted to determine the influence of each of various factors on the final result, and data are presented on the effects of the following: Form of magnesium used (whether precipitated ionic Mg or undissolved Mg compound), temperature, sludge-magnesium concentration, and agitation for sludge-water contact. The principles of increasing the Mg++ content, when required, by means of a novel sludge recycling process with a magnesium dissolver are described. A method of using cheap dolomitic lime as a low-cost source of magnesium is also presented.
The process lends itself advantageously to a modified Spaulding precipitator type of construction at either low or high temperature, to be followed by suitable treatment with carbonaceous-ion exchangers, when required, for complete removal of residual hardness and reduction of alkalinity to any predetermined figure.
Combustion of Four Fuels in One Boiler
Authors: Lutz W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Present-day fuel economics has decreed the desirability of a multifuel-burning boiler even in small and medium-sized installations. This paper describes the 100,000-lb per hr four-fuel boiler in the Harrison Gas Works of the Public Service Electric and Gas Company at Harrison, N. J. The difficulties encountered in burning oil, tar, pulverized coal, and pulverized fuel-pitch in the same burner and their successful solution are reported in detail.
Automatic Burning Control in Rotary Kilns
Authors: Reaser William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Significant developments in automatic regulation of the burning process in rotary cement kilns have occurred in the last decade, but general application of control devices has proceeded slowly. Indeed, neither the real import of the subject nor the extent of the progress is yet widely appreciated, though there are sufficient installations of various equipment to demonstrate the worth of a scientific approach to a problem which has been a typical rule-of-thumb operation. This paper discusses achievements in the field through reference to diagrams, charts, and illustrations in order to bring about a more universal understanding and to establish a background for additional thought which may encourage further experimentation. Moreover, although the discussion pertains especially to cement-clinker burning, the same basic principles of control are applicable to many other manufacturing processes employing rotary kilns.
Corrosion of Unstressed Steel Specimens and Various Alloys by High-Temperature Steam
Authors: Solberg H. L. , Hawkins G. A. , Potter A. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inasmuch as steam temperatures in modern central stations are approaching those used for the commercial production of hydrogen by reaction between steam and iron, an investigation was undertaken at Purdue University of the corrosion by steam of the various steels which are available for high-temperature service. Apparatus was constructed and techniques developed for measuring the amount of corrosion on unstressed specimens due to temperatures up to approximately 1400 F, and pressures up to at least 1600 psi gage. Data are presented showing the effect of various types of surface finish and methods of scale removal, time of exposure to steam at 1100 F for various intervals of time up to 2000 hr, exposure for 500 hr at steady steam temperatures from 1000 F to approximately 1400 F, and temperature fluctuations on the corrosion resistance and spalling of scale on round bars, as well as convex, concave, and flat surfaces. Data on the corrosion of cast steels and some special alloys are also given. The resistance of alloy steels to high-temperature steam is greatly influenced by the amount of chromium present. Alloy steels containing 7 per cent or more of chromium are very resistant to corrosion produced by steam at temperatures up to at least 1400 F. The 18-8 stainless steels showed practically no corrosion when subjected to steam up to 1400 F.
Variation in Shrinking and Swelling of Wood
Authors: Stamm A. J. , Loughborough W. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to point out that while the forces that cause wood to shrink and swell are chemical in nature, the factors which influence the degree of external dimension change are largely physical or mechanical. Orientation of the structural units, specific gravity or porosity of the wood, and the stresses set up by moisture gradients determine the change in external dimensions as the wood loses or gains moisture. Water-soluble extractives, because of their bulking effect, reduce the shrinkage of wood.
Embrittlement of Boiler Steel—Experiences With the Schroeder Detector
Authors: Purcell T. E. , Whirl S. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 1928 the authors were faced with the discovery that boilers of the authors’ company were being attacked by so-called caustic embrittlement, and steps were taken to combat the evil. Experiences with this metal disease, since that time, are described. More specifically, however, the paper treats with results of 26 tests in which the Schroeder embrittlement detector was used on boilers, operating under varying conditions of water treatment, pressure, time, and specimen composition.
Depreciation Estimates in Appraisals of Manufacturing Equipment
Authors: Norton P. T. , Grant E. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A replacement-cost appraisal should answer the question: “What could one afford to pay for this asset in comparison with the most economical new one?” The depreciation deduction from the cost of the most economical new asset should measure the value inferiority of the existing old asset. Depreciation estimated in this way may be very high even for comparatively new assets. General recognition of this in the manufacturing industries might well lead not only to a new concept of appraisals but also to a revision of depreciation-accounting policies and methods. The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly the theory which should govern measurements of value inferiority in appraisals, in other words measurements of appraisal depreciation.
Advanced Design—Original Features Embodied in New 160,000-Kw Oswego Steam Station
Authors: Gibson N. R. , Cushing H. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Advanced design is the keynote of the new 160,000-kw Oswego Station of the Niagara Hudson Power System. In the present paper, the many outstanding and original features incorporated in this two-unit, one-boiler-per-turbine plant are described and illustrated. Among these are the 80,000-kw single-spindle condensing turbine for 1250-psi 900-F steam; soot blowers which use 250-lb compressed air for the blowing medium to save 1250-lb steam, and which operate automatically in succession on a pre-selected schedule; electric couplings of the eddy-current type for control of fan speeds; pilot operation of boiler safety valves for obtaining better protection and reduced maintenance; acceleration of the main generator for synchronous-condenser operation by motorizing its direct-connected exciter.
The Mercury-Vapor Process
Authors: Smith A. R. , Thompson E. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper is a brief history of the development of the mercury-vapor process from the first tube tested in 1912 to the latest 20,000-kw unit at the Kearny Station of the Public Service Electric & Gas Company. A typical cycle and a temperature-entropy diagram show how a better efficiency is obtained by raising the boiling temperature of the working substance. Operating results are given for the installations at the Dutch Point Station and at the South Meadow Station of The Hartford Electric Light Company, the outdoor power plant at the Schenectady Works of the General Electric Company, two small units at the Lynn and Pittsfield plants of the General Electric Company, respectively, the original unit at the Kearny Station of the Public Service Electric & Gas Company and the new boiler at Kearny which replaced the original boiler. This latter unit as shown by test is very efficient and reliable. The main reasons for this better reliability are better design, better shaft packings, better welding which results in extremely low air leakage, the use of alloy-steel tubes and the use of chemical treatment of the mercury which wets the interior surfaces of the tubes and insures a maximum heat transfer to the mercury at all times.
Radiation Configuration Factors Using Light in Furnace Models
Authors: England Fred , Croft H. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In problems involving the exchange of heat energy by radiation between bodies, it becomes necessary to know what areas of the bodies in question “see each other.” Those factors expressing mutual visibilities are known as “configuration factors.” Configuration factors have usually been determined either by mathematical analysis and computation, or by actual experiment with bodies radiating heat energy. This paper introduces an experimental method of determining configuration factors by employing models of furnace cavities and utilizing the exchange of “light” energy instead of “heat” energy.
Characteristics of Centrally Supported Journal Bearings
Authors: Waters E. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary purpose of the study reported in this paper is to determine the load capacity and friction of journal bearings having arcs of contact of 80 to 120 deg, eccentricity ratios ranging from zero to unity, length-width ratios ranging from zero to infinity, and central support. Essentially, it is a continuation of the work published by Needs, which covered the range of eccentricities from 0 to 0.8, but with two important differences, i.e., (1) the results have been obtained by mathematical, rather than experimental, solution of the Reynolds equation for two-dimensional viscous flow in a thin channel; (2) the matter of negative pressures has been dealt with in the manner advocated by Swift. In other respects, the treatment of the fundamental variables is akin to that which is found in the majority of journal-bearing- and fluid-film-lubrication papers, published by the Society, e.g., the journal radius, journal velocity, mean clearance, eccentricity ratio, and oil viscosity are assumed constant for any given bearing, and the oil channel is of rectangular plan form.
Structural-Steel Tolerances at Bonneville
Authors: Ober T. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes features of the Bonneville Project, which have attracted widespread interest. Noteworthy among these are the eighteen 225-ton vertical-lift spillway-dam gates, each of two sections, operated by two 350-ton gantry cranes; and the variety and number of fishways requiring numerous gates and lifts. The great size of steel units involved in the construction required unusual care in erection. Close tolerances were maintained in the setting of embedded steel. The methods of erection employed and the limits within which the work was carried out are dealt with at some length. The author deals quite extensively with the matter of selecting personnel for the structural-steel inspection staff for a project of this magnitude. Also, in the text, he refers quite extensively to drawing numbers, and specification page numbers, in order that those who so desire may be enabled to refer directly to the original plans and specifications of the project.
Test Characteristics of a Combined Pump-Turbine Model With Wicket Gates
Authors: Terry R. V. , Jaski F. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tests of a wicket-gate pump-turbine model at the Newport News hydraulic laboratory and at the California Institute of Technology are described in this paper. The model was one of a series used in a study of pumps suitable for Grand Coulee. Characteristic curves both as a pump and turbine are illustrated, and expected-performance curves for a prototype stepped up to Grand Coulee conditions are developed from the tests. In conclusion, a summary is given of the advantages of the wicket-gate pump-turbine.
The Analysis of a Continuous Process by a Discontinuous Step Method
Authors: Hrones J. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper an attempt is made to predict the dynamic behavior of a simple heat exchanger by means of the hydraulic-thermal analog. The heat exchanger was subjected to a known input-temperature disturbance, and the resulting dynamic response of the output temperature was calculated and also measured. It was assumed that the physical conditions in the actual system could be approximated by considering the heat-exchanger tube to be divided into a number of sections; in the example carried through, three equal sections were considered. For purposes of calculation, the heat exchanger is represented by a hydraulic analog, in which the weight of fluid in a tank corresponds to the quantity of heat in an element of the system, the difference in pressure head is analogous to temperature difference, and the resistance of restrictions to fluid flow corresponds to resistance to heat flow in the thermal system.