bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID‐19 impact and characterization on substance use‐related emergency department visits for adolescents and young adults in Canada: Practical implications
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Rajack Natalie , Mondoux Shawn E. , Tardelli Vitor S. , Kolla Nathan J. , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRationaleCoronavirus (COVID‐19)‐related stressors precipitated the mental health crisis and increased substance use in Canada and worldwide. As the pandemic continues to evolve, monitoring and updating substance use‐related ED visit trends is essential to ensure the stability and quality of ED services under the prolonged pandemic timeline.Aims and ObjectivesThis study examined the trends and characterization of substance use‐related ED visits during the pandemic among adolescents and young adults (aged 13–25 years) in Ontario, Canada.MethodsDescriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted using population‐based, repeated cross‐sectional data. The volume, patient characteristics (age and sex) and hospital/ED visit features (triage to end time, timing of the visit, triage level and referral source) were compared before (2019) and during COVID‐19 (2020 and 2021) by each substance type (alcohol, opioid, cannabis, sedatives, cocaine, stimulants and multiple psychoactive substances).ResultsSubstance use‐related ED visits decreased by 1.5 times during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic level. However, opioid‐related ED visits continued to show an increasing trend and did not recover to the prepandemic level in 2021. Moreover, a significant increase in emergent/life‐threatening triage levels (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scales 1 and 2) in substance‐related ED visits is alarming (2019 = 36.8%, 2020 = 38.7% and 2021 = 38.4%). We also found a general decrease in weekend visits, overnight visits and visits on statutory holidays, and substance use‐related ED patients tended to stay longer (over 6 h) in the ED during the pandemic.ConclusionOur findings indicate unmet substance use treatment needs due to the limited accessibility and heightened threshold for ED visits during the pandemic. Providing access to substance treatment/programs outside ED is critical to reducing substance use‐related complications presenting in the ED. Also, policies addressing the pandemic‐related complexities in the ED and Health Human Resource challenges are warranted.
Multiple‐brooding rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) can utilize stored sperm from individual sires to fertilize consecutive broods
Authors: Kashef Neosha S , Stafford David M. , Sogard Susan M. , Garza John C. , Field John C. , Gilbert‐Horvath Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractViviparous rockfishes (Sebastes spp., family Scorpaenidae) mate and store sperm in the ovaries for several months prior to fertilization, as oocytes develop for the parturition season. Although multiple paternity has been documented in single‐brooding rockfishes, paternity in consecutive broods of multiple‐brooding species has not been studied. Analyses of multilocus microsatellite genotypes in both residual larvae left in the ovary from a previous parturition and upcoming fertilized broods in the same ovary demonstrated evidence of the same sires in consecutive broods in chilipepper (Sebastes goodei) and speckled (Sebastes ovalis) rockfishes. One S. goodei mother showed evidence of multiple paternity from the same two sires in both consecutive broods. The ability to retain sperm, even after a parturition event, for use in subsequent broods, confers an advantage to ensure fertilization and allows for extension of the parturition season. This life‐history strategy provides a bet‐hedging advantage in the California Current system, an environmentally dynamic ecosystem where larval survivorship and subsequent recruitment to adult populations can vary temporally by orders of magnitude.
Development and performance analysis of continuous cooking systems
Authors: Waghmode Amol Tukaram , Pandit Aniruddha Bhalchandra , Kale Dhanaji Mahadeo , Joshi Jyeshtharaj Bhalchandra , Kokil Prasad Laxmikant 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe continuous cooking system is a sustainable solution that significantly impacts large‐scale cooking in the form of the economy of scale. Some rice needed a longer cooking time and a higher ratio of water to rice, which required a larger quantity of water and consumed much more energy. This study aims to optimize energy efficiency in a continuous cooking device with the potential of enhancing thermal performance by heating in coming fresh water using latent heat associated with the hot cooked meal while it exits the cooker. This is similar to the principles of energy integration followed in the chemical industry. This experimental continuous cooker is developed, which can cook 30 kg/h of dry food equivalent to 100 kg/h of wet cooked rice continuously. Thermal efficiency achieved by this system is around 70.17% & the overall cooking efficiency obtained by this cooking system is 66.66% with further implementation possibility.Practical applicationsContinuous cooking methods are helpful when a minimum of 1000 or more meals are to be cooked per hour. Many locations, such as hostels, hospitals, and industrial kitchens, cook more than 2500 meals. So, this time is increased significantly at religious locations, mess, and canteens serving mid‐day meals for students in India. In these places mentioned above, where cooking is done by conventional method over long periods, continuous cooking is an excellent option. Also, this developed cooking system can be implemented on the same rural and industrial scale. The expected socio‐economical benefit of activity is expected to be in the range of Rupees 200,000 Crores annually.
A critical review exploring science communication of nutrition and dietetic research: a case‐based approach exploring methodologies
Authors: Mellor Duane D. , Green Dan J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNutrition is an area of apparent disagreement among the public and experts. It is also an area which has seen a rapid increase in the number of publications in the past 40 years. With the advent of online media and social media platforms, the volume of news has also increased. This review considered five types of nutrition research and how press releases linked to publications might be reported by the media.MethodsExamples were taken from nutrition‐related articles published in the areas of in vitro work, animal data, epidemiology, clinical trials and data modelling publications which had press releases deposited in online repositories (EurekAlert! and AlphaGalileo). A critical narrative of the source of the media message, estimates of its reach and any potential exaggeration or source of confusion were identified.ResultsIt was clear that research has been reported by funders, journals and researchers' institutions in ways that claim extended findings of the data beyond that reported in the manuscript. This included inferences of health benefits in humans from laboratory studies, splitting outcome data for the same exposure in epidemiological studies based on perceived public interest, using clinical trials to make media claims that would not be permitted in advertisements and claiming modelled data for cases were actual changes in numbers of cases.ConclusionsIt is essential that funding bodies and institutions along with academic journals apply pressure to discourage exaggeration of research. This is necessary to maintain public trust in science and ultimately improve public health.
Workplace social capital mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and three dimensions of organizational commitment of hospital nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kida Ryohei , Yumoto Yoshie , Ogata Yasuko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the mediating effect of workplace social capital on the relationship between authentic leadership and the three dimensions of organizational commitment: affective, normative, and continuance.MethodsIn January 2019, anonymous self‐reported questionnaires were distributed to 1220 nurses working in the general wards of two university hospitals in Japan. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediating effects of workplace social capital on the relationship between nurse managers' authentic leadership and the three dimensions of organizational commitment.ResultsSix hundred and fifty‐nine data points were analyzed (valid response rate = 54.0%). Participants' average age was 28.6 years (standard deviation: 6.6), and 93.3% were female. The mediation indirect effect of workplace social capital between authentic leadership and organizational commitment was statistically significant in the models of affective organizational commitment and normative organizational commitment, but not in the model of continuance organizational commitment.ConclusionsThe effects of authentic leadership and workplace social capital had different impacts on each of the three dimensions of organizational commitment. Nurse managers' authentic leadership and workplace social capital can enhance nurses' positive commitment to the organization.
Does Real‐Time Macroeconomic Information Help to Predict Interest Rates?
Authors: CARUSO ALBERTO , CORONEO LAURA 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe analyze the predictive ability of real‐time macroeconomic information for the yield curve of interest rates. We specify a mixed‐frequency macro‐yields model in real time that incorporates interest rate surveys and treats macroeconomic factors as unobservable components. Results indicate that real‐time macroeconomic information is helpful to predict interest rates, and that data revisions drive a superior predictive ability of revised macro data over real‐time macro data. We also find that interest rate surveys can have significant predictive power over and above real‐time macroeconomic variables.
Evaluation of the quality of life and the satisfaction level after reconstruction with anterior iliac crest graft and implant‐supported fixed prosthesis treatment
Authors: Tanır Kardelen Öykü , Avağ Canseda , Tosun Emre , Akkocaoğlu Murat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and satisfaction levels related to treatment in patients who have complete implant treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation after anterior iliac crest grafting.Materials and methodsFifty‐four patients (37 F, 17 M) with a total of 487 implants placed and implant‐supported fixed prosthesis treatment completed were included in the study. OHIP‐14OHIP‐14 scale and satisfaction Likert scale questions were used to evaluate the OHRQoL and the satisfaction levels related to the treatment applied, respectively. To compare the outcomes, the significance test and the Mann–Whitney U‐test were used. One‐way analyses of variance and Kruskal–Wallis were used to assess the significance of differences among or between the groups.ResultsThe quality of life (QoL) was higher, and the mean OHIP‐14 scores were lower in women, older patients, and cases with a longer follow‐up period, recorded as 13.6 ± 10.3 (p: 0.263), 12.9 ± 11.3 (p: 0.079), and 11.8 ± 9.6 (p: 0.015*), respectively. Moreover, satisfaction levels of the patients related to the treatment were 83.3%.ConclusionsThe treatment of severely atrophic jaws with anterior iliac crest for the implant and prosthetic rehabilitation has a positive effect on the QoL. This effect has increased with time, and the satisfaction levels of the patients related to this procedure were high, and their expectations regarding this treatment were met at a high level.
Special issue introduction: Sexual harassment among young people
Authors: Skoog Therése , Lunde Carolina , Gattario Kristina Holmqvist 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSexual harassment is a serious and widespread social issue affecting numerous young people across the globe. Sexual harassment is prevalent in many everyday situations and contexts, not least in school. In recent years, public discussions emerging from the seminal #MeToomovement, have put the adversities of sexual harassment in the academic spotlight. This special issue presents cutting‐edge research on sexual harassment among young people from international scholars spanning a variety of perspectives, methodological approaches, and demographic samples. The special issue organizes the individual contributions into four sections, focusing on (1) developmental aspects on sexual harassment, (2) contexts of sexual harassment, (3) sexual harassment among diverse groups of young people, and (4) policies and legislation around sexual harassment. All contributions outline social policy and social intervention implications of their findings. Hopefully, the special issue will inspire future efforts to study and combat sexual harassment among young people.
Histone deacetylase 9 regulates disease resistance through fine‐tuning histone deacetylation of melatonin biosynthetic genes and melatonin accumulation in cassava
Authors: Zhao Huiping , Ge Zhongyuan , Zhou Mengmeng , Zeng Hongqiu , Wei Yunxie , Liu Guoyin , Yan Yu , Reiter Russel J. , He Chaozu , Shi Haitao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMelatonin participates in plant growth and development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Histone acetylation regulates many plant biological processes via transcriptional reprogramming. However, the direct relationship between melatonin and histone acetylation in plant disease resistance remains unclear. In this study, we identified cassava bacterial blight (CBB) responsive histone deacetylase 9 (HDA9), which negatively regulated disease resistance to CBB by reducing melatonin content. In addition, exogenous melatonin alleviated disease sensitivity of MeHDA9 overexpressed plants to CBB. Importantly, MeHDA9 inhibited the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes through decreasing lysine 5 of histone 4 (H4K5) acetylation at the promoter regions of melatonin biosynthetic genes, thereby modulating melatonin accumulation in cassava. Furthermore, protein phosphatase 2C 12 (MePP2C12) interacted with MeHDA9 in vivo and in vitro, and it was involved in MeHDA9‐mediated disease resistance via melatonin biosynthetic pathway. In summary, this study highlights the direct interaction between histone deacetylation and melatonin biosynthetic genes in cassava disease resistance via histone deacetylation, providing new insights into the genetic improvement of disease resistance via epigenetic regulation of melatonin level in tropical crops.
Research progress on detection methods for hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA
Authors: Sun Fenglan , Xia Wei , Ouyang Yaoling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious global public health problem, and HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the nucleus of infected cells cannot be eliminated by current treatments and is a major factor in the persistence and recurrence of hepatitis B. Efficient and scientific detection methods are important for clinical monitoring of cccDNA and targeted drug development. Western blotting is the gold standard for the quantitative detection of cccDNA, but it is time‐consuming and complex. In recent years, new detection technologies have been continuously updated. There are new developments and breakthroughs in both next‐generation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and non‐PCR methods such as in situ hybridization. Some HBV‐related markers (such as hepatitis B core‐related antigen) have also been shown to be closely related to cccDNA, and they can be used as surrogate markers to indirectly reflect cccDNA content. In this paper, the main detection methods of cccDNA and their improvements are reviewed, the advantages and limitations of these methods are analysed and summarized, and future development directions are proposed.
Peripheral optical anisotropy in refractive error groups
Authors: Zheleznyak Len 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated differences in peripheral image quality with refractive error. Peripheral blur orientation is determined by the interaction of optical aberrations (such as oblique astigmatism) and retinal shape. By providing the eye with an optical signal for determining the sign of defocus, peripheral blur anisotropy may play a role in mechanisms of accommodation, emmetropisation and optical myopia control interventions. This study investigated peripheral through‐focus optical anisotropy and image quality and how it varies with the eye's refractive error.MethodsPreviously published Zernike coefficients across retinal eccentricity (0, 10, 20 and 30° horizontal nasal visual field) were used to compute the through‐focus modulation transfer function (MTF) for a 4 mm pupil. Image quality was defined as the volume under the MTF, and blur anisotropy was defined as the ratio of the horizontal to vertical meridians of the MTF (HVRatio).ResultsAcross the horizontal nasal visual field (at 10, 20 and 30°), the peak image quality for emmetropes was within 0.3 D of the retina, as opposed to myopes whose best focus was behind the retina (−0.1, 0.4 and 1.5 D, respectively), while for hyperopes it lay in front of the retina (−0.5, −0.6 and −0.6 D). At 0.0 D (i.e., on the retina), emmetropes and hyperopes both exhibited horizontally elongated blur, whereas myopes had vertically elongated blur (HVRatio = 0.3, 0.7 and 2.8, respectively, at 30° eccentricity).ConclusionsBlur in the peripheral retina is dominated by the so‐called “odd‐error” blur signals, primarily due to oblique astigmatism. The orientation of peripheral blur (horizontal or vertical) provides the eye with an optical cue for the sign of defocus. All subject groups had anisotropic blur in the nasal visual field; myopes exhibited vertically elongated blur, perpendicular to the blur orientation of emmetropes and hyperopes.
Manual Reduction and Plaster External Fixation for the Treatment of Closed Total Talus Dislocation: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhao Ji‐yang , Chen Li‐ming , Li Tai‐xian , Zhang Wei , Guo Sheng‐jun , Li Xiao‐liang , Zhao Wan‐ning 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTotal dislocation of the talus from all its surrounding joints (talonavicular, tibiotalar, subtalar) is one kind of serious injury of the lower extremity with rare occurrence. It is usually accompanied by fractures of the talus and its periphery, as well as severe soft tissue injury, which is difficult to reset. Complications such as skin necrosis and infection are prone to occur in the early stage, and talus necrosis are prone to occur in the late stage, all of which aggravate disease severity and increase difficulties for its treatment.Case PresentationHerein, we reported a case of right talus total dislocation accompanied by medial malleolus fracture and posterior tubercle fracture caused by traffic accident. One hour after injury, the doctor tried to perform manual reduction but failed. Then, we successfully performed manual reduction and plaster external fixation on this patient under anesthesia 6 h after injury, followed by the oral administration of Chinese medicine for 3 months. Twenty months of follow‐up investigations revealed that no skin necrosis, talus dislocation, talus necrosis, or other complications occurred; no obvious joint degeneration was observed and the fractures of medial malleolus and talus healed well. MRI of ankle joint indicated the disappearance of ankle effusion caused by injury, and the bone marrow edema had also subsided at talus, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus and calcaneus. Patient presented with no ligament relaxation, ankle instability, pain, swelling, or functional limitation of the injured limb. AOFAS score reached 100. Daily functions and recreation activities were recovered back to the normal level.ConclusionFor patients with closed total dislocation of the talus, fine therapeutic effects can be achieved by early closed manual reduction and plaster external fixation under anesthesia, in combination with oral Chinese herbal medicine afterwards. It is worthy of reference for clinicians.
Staging the Imagined City: Aretino in Rome and London
Authors: De Rycker Kate 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the theme of ‘cityscapes’, and Aretino as a writer of the urban experience, by focussing on the city as an unknowable and anonymous space, especially to social outsiders. It will first examine how Aretino portrays Rome in his early comedy Cortigiana (1525) as a confusing and socially stratified space when experienced from its peripheries. A key factor in achieving this is in his mapping of the imagined spaces of the city (the ‘locus’) onto the theatrical stage‐space (the ‘platea’) so that the stage represents the street and the back‐stage represents a hidden world from which both Cortigiana's main characters and indeed the audience are locked out. Those desired spaces of the city are often coded in sexual terms, and so the second half of this article will explore the way in which i modi (the ephemeral erotic images which would shape Aretino's posthumous reputation as a pornographer) would become a visual trope used by seventeenth‐century English writers to conjure up the unseen and imagined interiors of London's suburban brothels and aristocratic boudoirs.
A health systems intervention to strengthen the integration of tuberculosis and COVID‐19 detection: Outcomes of a quasi‐experimental study in a high burden tuberculosis district in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Curran Robyn , Murdoch Jamie , van Rensburg André J. , Bachmann Max , Awotiwon Ajibola , Ras Christy‐Joy , Petersen Inge , Prince Martin , Moultrie Harry , Nzuza Mercury , Fairall Lara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) detection have been well documented. Despite shared symptoms, guidance for integrated screening for TBand COVID‐19 are limited, and opportunities for health systems strengthening curtailed by lockdowns. We partnered with a high TB burden district in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, to co‐develop an integrated approach to assessing COVID‐19 and TB, delivered using online learning and quality improvement, and evaluated its performance on TB testing and detection.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study incorporating a quasi‐experimental design and process evaluation in 10 intervention and 18 control clinics. Nurses in all 28 clinics were all provided access to a four‐session online course to integrate TB and COVID‐19 screening and testing, which was augmented with some webinar and in‐person support at the 10 intervention clinics. We estimated the effects of exposure to this additional support using interrupted time series Poisson regression mixed models. Process evaluation data comprised interviews before and after the intervention. Thematic coding was employed to provide explanations for effects of the intervention.ResultsClinic‐level support at intervention clinics was associated with a markedly higher uptake (177 nurses from 10 intervention clinics vs. 19 from 18 control clinics). Lack of familiarity with online learning, and a preference for group learning hindered the transition from face‐to‐face to online learning. Even so, any exposure to training was initially associated with higher rates of GeneXpert testing (adjusted incidence ratio [IRR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.15) and higher positive TB diagnosis (IRR 1.38, 1.11–1.71).ConclusionsThese results add to the knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of interventions to strengthen TB case detection during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The findings support the feasibility of a shift to online learning approaches in low‐resource settings with appropriate support and suggest that even low‐intensity interventions are capable of activating nurses to integrate existing disease control priorities during pandemic conditions.