bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is functional electrical stimulation effective in improving walking in adults with lower limb impairment due to an upper motor neuron lesion? An umbrella review
Authors: Andreopoulou Georgia , Busselli Giulia , Street Tamsyn , Bulley Cathy , Safari Reza , van der Linden Marietta L. , Burridge Jane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews on functional electrical stimulation (FES) to improve walking in adults with an upper motor neuron lesion.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched, focusing on the effect of FES on walking. The methodological quality of reviews was evaluated using AMSTAR2 and certainty of evidence was established through the GRADE approach.ResultsThe methodological quality of the 24 eligible reviews (stroke, n = 16; spinal cord injury (SCI), n = 5; multiple sclerosis (MS); n = 2; mixed population, n = 1) ranged from critically low to high.Stroke reviews concluded that FES improved walking speed through an orthotic (immediate) effect and had a therapeutic benefit (i.e., over time) compared to usual care (low certainty evidence). There was low‐to‐moderate certainty evidence that FES was no better or worse than an Ankle Foot Orthosis regarding walking speed post 6 months. MS reviews concluded that FES had an orthotic but no therapeutic effect on walking. SCI reviews concluded that FES with or without treadmill training improved speed but combined with an orthosis was no better than orthosis alone. FES may improve quality of life and reduce falls in MS and stroke populations.ConclusionFES has orthotic and therapeutic benefits. Certainty of evidence was low‐to‐moderate, mostly due to high risk of bias, low sample sizes, and wide variation in outcome measures. Future trials must be of higher quality, use agreed outcome measures, including measures other than walking speed, and examine the effects of FES for adults with cerebral palsy, traumatic and acquired brain injury, and Parkinson's disease.
Effect of intramuscular fat content on the sensory characteristics and dynamic flavor attributes of Japanese black cattle beef
Authors: Hirai Satomi , Kawai Ayaka , Mizuno Yurika , Sasaki Seiki , Iida Fumiko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe intramuscular fat (IMF) in beef affects its flavor intensity and attributes, which have a significant impact on palatability. We conducted a sensory evaluation by descriptive analysis, Temporal Check‐All‐That‐Apply, and a chemical analysis of 40 ribeye steaks from Japanese Black cattle to determine the relationship among IMF% and sensory characteristics including dynamic flavor attributes. The increased IMF% of Japanese Black cattle beef had intensified sweet and grilled/roasted flavors and reduced off‐flavor, whereas excessive IMF% resulted in a decrease in water‐soluble precursors of volatile and taste compounds including free amino acid and reducing sugars and weakened the flavor intensities. Beef with IMF% of approximately 40% exhibited strong and long‐lasting sweet and grilled/roasted flavors represented by butter‐ and roasted nut‐like, respectively, and a low perception of off‐flavors represented by gamey, bloody, and grassy. These flavor attributes may be responsible for its high flavor intensity and overall evaluation score, whereas an IMF% of >55% lowered these scores. The excessive IMF% of beef may induce the less palatable sensory characteristics.
Alpha‐synuclein‐associated changes in PINK1‐PRKN‐mediated mitophagy are disease context dependent
Authors: Hou Xu , Chen Taylor Hsuan‐Yu , Koga Shunsuke , Bredenberg Jenny M. , Faroqi Ayman H. , Delenclos Marion , Bu Guojun , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Carr Jonathan A. , Ross Owen A. , McLean Pamela J. , Murray Melissa E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Fiesel Fabienne C. , Springer Wolfdieter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlpha‐synuclein (αsyn) aggregates are pathological features of several neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments of the autophagic‐lysosomal system can contribute to the deposition of αsyn, which in turn may interfere with health and function of these organelles in a potentially vicious cycle. Here we investigated a potential convergence of αsyn with the PINK1‐PRKN‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy pathway in cell models, αsyn transgenic mice, and human autopsy brain. PINK1 and PRKN identify and selectively label damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65‐Ub) to mark them for degradation (mitophagy). We found that disease‐causing multiplications of αsyn resulted in accumulation of the ubiquitin ligase PRKN in cells. This effect could be normalized by starvation‐induced autophagy activation and by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated αsyn knockout. Upon acute mitochondrial damage, the increased levels of PRKN protein contributed to an enhanced pS65‐Ub response. We further confirmed increased pS65‐Ub‐immunopositive signals in mouse brain with αsyn overexpression and in postmortem human disease brain. Of note, increased pS65‐Ub was associated with neuronal Lewy body‐type αsyn pathology, but not glial cytoplasmic inclusions of αsyn as seen in MSA. While our results add another layer of complexity to the crosstalk between αsyn and the PINK1‐PRKN pathway, distinct mechanisms may underlie in cells and brain tissue despite similar outcomes. Notwithstanding, our finding suggests that pS65‐Ub may be useful as a biomarker to discriminate different synucleinopathies and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Lewy body disease.
Synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivatives as potential cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Güngör Seyit Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivative compounds (3a–k) were synthesized and their structures characterized using FTIR, 1H, and 13C (NMR) spectroscopic methods. In addition, molecular structures of compounds 3a, 3d, and 3g were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction technique. In vitro inhibition activities of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were investigated. Compound 3i (IC50 = 2.01 μM) exhibited the best inhibitory activity against AChE, comparable to the control Galantamine (IC50 = 2.60 μM). Against BChE, compound 3h (IC50 = 2.83 μM) showed the best inhibitory property which is higher control Galantamine (IC50 = 3.70 μM). The Ki values of compound 3i (Ki = 0.63 μM) and compound 3h (Ki = 0.94 μM) that have the strongest inhibitory potential were determined against AChE and BChE, respectively. According to the docking result, the most stable conformation of AChE and compound 3i showed that it has a binding affinity of −10.82 kcal/moL. The binding affinity of the most stable conformation formed by BChE and compound 3h is −8.60 kcal/moL. Finally, in silico results and pharmacokinetic parameters of ADME showed that these compounds have good oral bioavailability properties.
Etiology and clinical features of children with bronchiectasis in China: A 10‐year multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Bao‐ping , Bao Yan‐min , Yang Yungang , Qian Li‐ling , Zhang Hai‐lin , Zhu Chun‐mei , Yin Yong , Jiang Min , Dai Ji‐hong , Xu Yong‐sheng , Zhu Xiao‐hua , Zhu Xiao‐ping , Shen Kun‐ling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe current study aims to investigate the etiology spectrum and the clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis in Chinese children.MethodsThe study is designed as a multicenter retrospective study. 193 cases were enrolled in 13 centers in China between 2008 and 2017. The inclusive cases must meet the clinical as well as the HRCT criteria. Only if both two radiologists confirmed the diagnosis, the case could be enrolled. The cases that could not provide clinical and imageology data were excluded. The data were entered into the specialized system and then analyzed.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐nine cases (87%) were found to have the underlying etiology. Post‐infective (46%), primary immunodeficiency (14%), and PCD (13%) were the common causes. All cases came from 28 provinces in Mainland China. The median age of symptom onset was 5.8 (2.0, 8.9) years. The median age of diagnosis was 8.4 (4.5, 11.6) years. The main symptoms were cough, sputum expectoration, and fever during the exacerbation. Nineteen percent of patients suffered from limited exercise tolerance. Clubbing was found in 17% of cases. Nearly 30% of patients presented growth limitations. On the HRCT findings, 126 cases had diffused bronchiectasis, and bilateral involvement was found in 94 cases. The lower lobes and right middle lobes were most commonly involved. Approximately 30% of cultures of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage were positive.ConclusionA majority of cases could be found the underlying etiology. Post‐infective, primary immunodeficiency, and PCD were the most common causes. Some clinical figures might indicate a specific etiology.
Testing heterochrony: Connecting skull shape ontogeny and evolution of feeding adaptations in baleen whales
Authors: Lanzetti Agnese , Portela‐Miguez Roberto , Fernandez Vincent , Goswami Anjali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOntogeny plays a key role in the evolution of organisms, as changes during the complex processes of development can allow for new traits to arise. Identifying changes in ontogenetic allometry—the relationship between skull shape and size during growth—can reveal the processes underlying major evolutionary transformations. Baleen whales (Mysticeti, Cetacea) underwent major morphological changes in transitioning from their ancestral raptorial feeding mode to the three specialized filter‐feeding modes observed in extant taxa. Heterochronic processes have been implicated in the evolution of these feeding modes, and their associated specialized cranial morphologies, but their role has never been tested with quantitative data. Here, we quantified skull shapes ontogeny and reconstructed ancestral allometric trajectories using 3D geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods on sample representing modern mysticetes diversity. Our results demonstrate that Mysticeti, while having a common developmental trajectory, present distinct cranial shapes from early in their ontogeny corresponding to their different feeding ecologies. Size is the main driver of shape disparity across mysticetes. Disparate heterochronic processes are evident in the evolution of the group: skim feeders present accelerated growth relative to the ancestral nodes, while Balaenopteridae have overall slower growth, or pedomorphosis. Gray whales are the only taxon with a relatively faster rate of growth in this group, which might be connected to its unique benthic feeding strategy. Reconstructed ancestral allometries and related skull shapes indicate that extinct taxa used less specialized filter‐feeding modes, a finding broadly in line with the available fossil evidence.
Brief rapport: Perceptual aberration in patients at ultra‐high risk for psychosis
Authors: Clemmensen Lars , Kristensen Tina Dam , Wenneberg Christina , Rimvall Martin Køster , Nordentoft Merete , Glenthoej Louise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltra‐high risk (UHR) is considered a forerunner of psychosis, but most UHR individuals do not later convert, yet remain symptomatic, disabled and help‐seeking. Thus, there is an increased recognition of the UHR phenotype as a syndrome in itself, rather than merely a risk syndrome. It is therefore essential to investigate outcomes other than transition to psychosis. For this purpose, perceptual aberration appears to be a distinct, as well as a stable and less state‐specific vulnerability indicator. We aimed to investigate perceptual aberration and associations with functional, neuro and social cognitive risk factors in an UHR sample.MethodOne hundred and twenty UHR and 64 healthy controls were compared on levels of perceptual aberration using the perceptual aberration scale. We further investigated cross‐sectional associations between perceptual aberration and CAARMS (as a measure of subthreshold psychotic symptoms) and functional, neuro and social cognitive risk factors within the UHR using Spearmans ρ.ResultsPerceptual aberration was significantly higher in UHR than in healthy controls and was associated with social functioning, executive functioning, and emotion recognition.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with a view of perceptual aberration as a stable vulnerability indicator that varies little with clinical state.
Mild generalised pustular psoriasis patient with a heterozygous hypomorphic MPO variant successfully treated with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis
Authors: Takeichi Takuya , Yoshikawa Takenori , Iqbal Muhammad Nasir , Farooq Muhammad , Taki Tomoki , Muro Yoshinao , Shimomura Yutaka , Seishima Mariko , Akiyama Masashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPathogenic variants in MPO, which encodes the myeloperoxidase, were reported as causative genetic defects in several cases of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) in addition to patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency in 2020. However, which clinical subtypes of GPP patients have pathogenic variants in MPO remains largely undetermined, and elucidating this is clinically important. The present report outlines a mild case of GPP with a rare missense heterozygous variant, c.1810C>T p.(Arg604Cys), in MPO. Our structural analysis and functional assays to measure myeloperoxidase activity suggest that the present MPO substitution is a hypomorphic variant in MPO. Thus, the mild phenotype of the present GPP patient might be associated with an incomplete hypomorphic loss‐of‐function variant in MPO. Additionally, the severe intractable edematous pustules and erythema improved dramatically after five rounds of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) therapy. This is the first report of GMA treatment for GPP associated with a pathogenic variant in MPO, as far as we know. Our findings suggest that GMA might be a useful and powerful tool for controlling GPP in patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency.
Species traits and ecosystem characteristics affect species detection by eDNA metabarcoding in lake fish communities
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Nagano Mariko , Sato Hirotoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Matsuhashi Saeko , Yamamoto Satoshi , Minamoto Toshifumi , Araki Hitoshi , Ikeda Kousuke , Kato Atsuko , Kumei Kouichi , Maki Nobutaka , Mitsuzuka Takashi , Takahara Teruhiko , Toki Kimihito , Ueda Natsuki , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamazoe Kanji , Miya Masaki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Although environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an exceptionally useful and powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity, little is known about whether the traits of organisms and their ecosystem characteristics affect eDNA metabarcoding performance. Nationwide surveys can provide more detailed insights, yet such studies have rarely been conducted.

In order to evaluate eDNA metabarcoding performance in broad‐scale monitoring, we examined the effects of species ecological/biological traits and ecosystem characteristics on species detection rates and the implications for community analysis. In addition, we tested the effects of sample mixing and transportation methods, including cooling and freezing, on eDNA metabarcoding. On a nationwide scale, we conducted eDNA metabarcoding for fish communities in 18 Japanese lakes.

By comparing species records, we observed that certain traits, including body size, body shape, saltwater tolerance and habitat preference, influenced eDNA detection. In addition, the proportion of species detected decreased significantly with an increase in lake surface area owing to ecosystem size effect on species detection.

We conclude that species traits, including habitat preference, body size and ecosystem size, should be considered when assessing the eDNA metabarcoding performance in broad‐scale monitoring.
Stroke and its correlates among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon
Authors: Teuwafeu Denis Georges , Halle Marie Patrice , Kenfack Nadine Aurore , Nkouonlack Cyrille Duquesne , Fouda Hermine , Nkoke Clovis , Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnd‐stage kidney disease is an independent risk factor for stroke; however, the relationship between hemodialysis and stroke in Sub‐Saharan Africa has not been established.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, associated factors, and clinical outcome of stroke among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon.MethodsA hospital‐based retrospective study using data from the medical files of 1060 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (given twice a week) was conducted. Patients with stroke prior to starting hemodialysis were excluded. Socio‐demographic data, comorbidities, dialysis parameters, and data concerning the diagnosis of stroke were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsThe dialysis vintage (duration of time on dialysis) averaged 11.4 ± 9.2 months. The incidence of stroke was 6.1 events per 1000 patient‐years, with hemorrhagic stroke being most common (66%). Eighty percent of strokes occurred before the 30th month of dialysis. Sixty percent of strokes occurred within 24 h of a dialysis session. Predictive factors for stroke were diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026), heart failure (p = 0.045), poor dialysis compliance (p = 0.001), and short vintage (p = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 52% and was higher for hemorrhagic stroke (60%). The leading causes of death were multiple organ failure and sepsis.ConclusionThe incidence of stroke is high among hemodialysis patients in Cameroon and hemorrhagic stroke is the commonest type. Diabetes and heart failure triple the risk of stroke. Mortality in patients who suffered a stroke was high.
Competing policies within the sending state: Labour export and the provision of primary healthcare in the Philippines
Authors: Macabasag Romeo Luis A. , Ortiga Yasmin Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn framing nations as places that either send or receive migrants, there is a danger in defining migrant‐sending nations as monolithic entities driven by a single mandate of exporting labour to a global economy. Using the concept of viscosity, we argue that sending states comprise multiple state agencies with varying interests, which can either impede, slow, or facilitate labour emigration. We demonstrate our argument by examining the Philippines' nurse retention policies against the backdrop of the country's labour export policies. While these retention policies led to an influx of Filipino nurses to rural health centres, these nurses considered such mobility a means to wait out the lack of opportunities for nurses overseas. Thus, inadvertently serving the interests of the Philippines' labour‐exporting regime. We argue that a nuanced view of sending states advances our understanding of how migrant‐sending nations balance emigration policies with other government interests beyond labour export.
Noninvasive predictive models based on lifestyle analysis and risk factors for early‐onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Deng Jia‐Wen , Zhou Yi‐Lu , Dai Wei‐Xing , Chen Hui‐Min , Zhou Cheng‐Bei , Zhu Chun‐Qi , Ma Xin‐Yue , Pan Si‐Yuan , Cui Yun , Xu Jia , Zhao En‐Hao , Wang Ming , Chen Jin‐Xian , Wang Zheng , Liu Qiang , Wang Ji‐Lin , Cai Guo‐Xiang , Chen Ying‐Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has increased among patients aged <50 years. Exploring high‐risk factors and screening high‐risk populations may help lower early‐onset CRC (EO‐CRC) incidence. We developed noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC and investigated its risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study collected information on 1756 patients (811 patients with EO‐CRC and 945 healthy controls) from two medical centers in China. Sociodemographic features, clinical symptoms, medical and family history, lifestyle, and dietary factors were measured. Patients from one cohort were randomly assigned (8:2) to two groups for model establishment and internal validation, and another independent cohort was used for external validation. Multivariable logistic regression, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were performed to establish noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC. Some variables in the model influenced EO‐CRC occurrence and were further analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis yielded adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAll three models showed good performance, with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.82 in the internal and 0.78, 0.79, and 0.78 in the external validation cohorts, respectively. Consumption of sweet (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.89–3.86, P < 0.001) and fried (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.29–3.62, P < 0.001) foods ≥3 times per week was significantly associated with EO‐CRC occurrence.ConclusionWe established noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC and identified multiple nongenetic risk factors, especially sweet and fried foods. The model has good performance and can help predict the occurrence of EO‐CRC in the Chinese population.
Thirty years of academic finance
Authors: Ardia David , Bluteau Keven , Meghani Mohammad‐Abbas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study how the financial literature has evolved in scale, research team composition, and article topicality across finance‐focused academic journals from 1992 to 2021. We document that the field has vastly expanded regarding outlets and published articles. Teams have become larger, and the proportion of women participating in research has increased significantly. Using the Structural Topic Model, we identify 45 topics discussed in the literature. We investigate the topic coverage of individual journals and can identify highly specialized and generalist outlets, but our analyses reveal that most journals have covered more topics over time, thus becoming more generalist. Finally, we find that articles with at least one woman author focus more on topics related to social and governance aspects of corporate finance. We also find that teams with at least one top‐tier institution scholar tend to focus more on theoretical aspects of finance.