bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The age-related pattern of inner retinal thickening is affected by myopia development and progression
Authors: Ablordeppey Reynolds Kwame , Lin Carol , Benavente-Perez Alexandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe longitudinal effect of myopic eye growth on each individual retinal layer has not been described to date on an established non-human primate (NHP) model of myopia. We evaluated the changes experienced by the overall and individual central and mid-peripheral retinal thickness profiles in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) induced with myopia continuously for 5.5 months compared to controls using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Cycloplegic refractive state (Rx), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and retinal thickness were measured at baseline and after 3 and 5.5 months on thirteen marmosets: eight animals with lens-induced myopia and five untreated controls. The overall and individual retinal layer thickness in the central and mid-peripheral retina were obtained and compared between groups. Regression models were used to explore the extent to which VCD or Rx changes could predict the thickness changes observed. While the retinas of control marmosets thickened significantly over 5.5 months, marmosets with lens-induced myopia experienced less retinal thickening and thinning at times, mostly in the inner neuroretinal layers and the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer. The regression models suggest that 90% of the growth and refractive changes observed could be predicted by the thickness changes in the near to mid peripheral retina. This study confirms the longitudinal effect that myopia has on the inner retina of a NHP model during the early stages of myopia development. The observed myopia-driven differences in inner retina thickness templates might represent early biomarkers of myopia progression and associated complications.
Patterns and predictors of fall injury transitions among Korean older adult fallers: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Kim Gwang Suk , Shim Mi-So , Won Chang Won , Kim Miji , Lee Seoyoon , Kim Namhee , Park Min Kyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study was conducted to identify fall injury patterns, the transition from the baseline to follow-up, and the factors associated with the identified fall injury patterns using data obtained from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The participants were 566 community-dwelling older adults with fall experience. Three fall injury patterns were identified as the baseline and follow-up periods. The probability that the participant in the “fracture injury” pattern at Time 1 transitioned to the “fracture injury” pattern at Time 2 was 0.098. The factors associated with the “bruising and/or sprain injury” pattern were education level (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 0.55, p = 0.012), alcohol consumption (RRR = 0.50, p = 0.034), and balancing in tandem position (RRR = 2.77, p < 0.001). In the “fracture injury” pattern, male (RRR = 0.22, p = 0.038), frailty score (RRR = 0.58, p = 0.042), “bruising injury” (RRR = 0.23, p = 0.007), and “sprain injury” (RRR = 0.20, p = 0.007) at the baseline were significant factors. The findings indicate that previous fall experiences, higher alcohol consumption, lower frailty scores, and poor balance levels are associated with fall injury patterns. These patterns should be considered when developing prevention interventions.
Preferred β-lactone synthesis can explain high rate of false-negative results in the detection of OXA-48-like carbapenemases
Authors: Studentova Vendula , Sudova Vendula , Bitar Ibrahim , Paskova Veronika , Moravec Jiri , Pompach Petr , Volny Michael , Novak Petr , Hrabak Jaroslav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe resistance to carbapenems is usually mediated by enzymes hydrolyzing β-lactam ring. Recently, an alternative way of the modification of the antibiotic, a β-lactone formation by OXA-48-like enzymes, in some carbapenems was identified. We focused our study on a deep analysis of OXA-48-like-producing Enterobacterales, especially strains showing poor hydrolytic activity. In this study, well characterized 74 isolates of Enterobacterales resistant to carbapenems were used. Carbapenemase activity was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC–MS), Carba-NP test and modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). As meropenem-derived β-lactone possesses the same molecular weight as native meropenem (MW 383.46 g/mol), β-lactonization cannot be directly detected by MALDI-TOF MS. In the spectra, however, the peaks of m/z = 340.5 and 362.5 representing decarboxylated β-lactone and its sodium adduct were detected in 25 out of 35 OXA-48-like producers. In the rest 10 isolates, decarboxylated hydrolytic product (m/z = 358.5) and its sodium adduct (m/z = 380.5) have been detected. The peak of m/z = 362.5 was detected in 3 strains co-producing OXA-48-like and NDM-1 carbapenemases. The respective signal was identified in no strain producing class A or class B carbapenemase alone showing its specificity for OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Using LC–MS, we were able to identify meropenem-derived β-lactone directly according to the different retention time. All strains with a predominant β-lactone production showed negative results of Carba NP test. In this study, we have demonstrated that the strains producing OXA-48-like carbapenemases showing false-negative results using Carba NP test and MALDI-TOF MS preferentially produced meropenem-derived β-lactone. We also identified β-lactone-specific peak in MALDI-TOF MS spectra and demonstrated the ability of LC–MS to detect meropenem-derived β-lactone.
Fabrication and properties of interweaved poly(ether ether ketone) composite scaffolds
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Shi Dengwen , Li Wenqiang , Qin Huadong , Han Xingguo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper interweaved scaffolds with poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(lactic acid)/Walnut shell/hydroxypatite (PLA/WS/HA) composites by using fused filament fabrication technology, although there was a huge difference in thermal property term between PLA and PEEK. In order to keep mechanical properties of PEEK scaffold and remedy the stress loss produced by pores, PLA/WS/HA composites were used to fill the pores with gradient form outside-in (0.4-0.8 mm, 0.6-1.0 mm, 0.8-1.2 mm and 1.6-2.0 mm). The thermal stability, tensile and compression properties, tensile fracture surface morphology, cytotoxicity and in vivo experiment were investigated. The results showed: the scaffolds were intact without any flashes and surface destruction, and kept a well thermal stability. Compared with the PEEK porous scaffolds, the tensile fracture stress and strain, compression yield stress and strain of interweaved scaffolds were dramatically enhanced by 24.1%, 438%, 359.1% and 921.2%, respectively, and they climbed to the climax at 8 wt% of WS. In vivo experiment showed that the degradation of PLA/WS/HA composites synchronized with the adhesion, proliferation and ingrowth of bone cells, keeping the stable biomechanical properties of interweaved scaffolds. Those experiments showed that interweaved PEEK-PLA/WS/HA scaffolds had the potential to be used as bone implant in tissue engineering.
Fenugreek seed and cape gooseberry leaf extracts as green corrosion inhibitors for steel in the phosphoric acid industry
Authors: Abdel-Gaber A. M. , Ezzat A. , Mohamed M. E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhosphoric acid is the core material for the fertilizer industry; however, it is incredibly corrosive to manufacturing plants’ structures, mainly steel. Corrosion is one of the most severe problems encountered during phosphate fertilizer manufacturing. Recently, plant extracts have been commonly used as corrosion inhibitors because they are cheap and environmentally friendly. Steel corrosion in a 20% aqueous phosphoric acid solution in the absence and presence of fenugreek seed (Fen) or cape gooseberry leaf (CgL) extracts was investigated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, scanning electron microscope, and quantum chemical calculations. Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR, was used to identify the functional groups in Fen and CgL extracts. The inhibition efficiency for steel in 20% aqueous phosphoric acid was roughly equal to 80% for 0.4 g/L CgL and 1.2 g/L Fen extracts. A scanning electron microscope showed that the chemical constituents of extracts block the surface roughness of steel, decreasing the corrosion rate. The activation parameters indicated the effectiveness of the extracts at a higher temperature. Measurements of the potential of zero charges showed that the steel surface is positively charged in the phosphoric acid solution. Quantum chemical computations were also employed to examine the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of the natural extracts.
Maize and ancient Maya droughts
Authors: Islebe Gerald A. , Torrescano-Valle Nuria , Valdez-Hernández Mirna , Carrillo-Bastos Alicia , Aragón-Moreno Alejandro A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ancient Maya culture of Mesoamerica shaped landscapes for centuries, in an area where maize (Zeamays) cultivation is considered a fundamental crop in the diet of present and ancient Mesoamerican cultures. Pollen records from sites with different environmental and climatic conditions of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico) and Peten (Guatemala) evidence a clear relationship between increased maize pollen and periods of reduced precipitation caused by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) while moist periods are characterized by low maize pollen presence. ENSO conditions were not evenly distributed across the Yucatán Peninsula, and regional droughts vary according to regional climate and geographical conditions. Our results indicate a strong relationship of increased maize and tropical forest decrease with dry periods, while the Late Preclassic Humid Period (ca. 500–200 BCE) is characterized by the absence of maize pollen. The dry Late Preclassic (300 BCE-250 CE) was a key period for increased maize production, suggesting a new conceptualization of maize. Maize changed from a basic diet crop to a pragmatic product to face adverse environmental conditions.
Substance availability and use in ex-professional ice hockey enforcers
Authors: Gaetz Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSome ex-professional ice hockey enforcers (players whose primary role was fighting) have experienced negative health outcomes following their careers including substance use. Some have suggested that negative post-career outcomes following a career in contact sport relate specifically to neurotrauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ex-professional ice hockey enforcers were negatively impacted by substance use during and/or following their careers. It was hypothesised that given their role in the sport, significant exposure to injury (including concussions) occurred, leading to challenges post-career including substance use. This study utilises a mixed methods quantitative and qualitative approach with one-on-one semi-structured interviews and questions related to substance use. This hypothesis for this study was not supported. Participants in this study reported low levels of substance use post-career. Patterns of substance use during career varied by era with a change in use from alcohol and over-the-counter stimulants to opioids, sleep aids, and anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) estimated to occur near the mid to late 1990s. Four participants described patterns of excessive alcohol use during their careers. Stimulant use was prevalent in ice hockey pre-mid-1990s. The use of prescription opioids and sleep aids was reportedly rare before the mid to late 1990s, but eventually became easily attainable via team medical staff and prescription sharing. Two participants from the later era also reported use of AAS. This sample of ex-professional hockey enforcers experienced a significant number of concussions, continue to have challenges with chronic pain, and were exposed to several unique stressors during their careers, the effects of which may have varied based upon how the role was viewed. A combination of these factors may have resulted in substance use in some of these athletes during, but not following their careers.
Absence of early platelet increment in healthy mice during decitabine treatment
Authors: Baumann Juliane , Spindler Markus , Throm Yannick , Lübbert Michael , Bender Markus 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTreatment of myelodysplastic syndromes includes the administration of the hypomethylating agent decitabine. An early platelet response in decitabine-treated myelodysplastic syndrome patients is a predictor of overall survival. The effect of decitabine on megakaryocytes and the bone marrow, however, is understudied. We show that an early platelet increment was not detectable in healthy mice during decitabine treatment. Analyses of bone marrow sections revealed vessels with dilated lumina, decreased cellularity, but increased number of red blood cells and the presence of (pro)platelet-like particles. Taken together, decitabine treatment of healthy mice does not induce an early platelet increment, but affects the bone marrow.
The role of environmental salinity on Na+-dependent intestinal amino acid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Hedén Ida , Sundell Kristina , Jönsson Elisabeth , Sundh Henrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNa+/K+-ATPases (NKA) in the basolateral membrane of the intestinal enterocytes create a Na+-gradient that drives both ion-coupled fluid uptake and nutrient transport. Being dependent on the same gradient as well as on the environmental salinity, these processes have the potential to affect each other. In salmonids, L-lysine absorption has been shown to be higher in freshwater (FW) than in seawater (SW) acclimated fish. Using electrophysiology (Ussing chamber technique), the aim was to explore if the decrease in L-lysine transport was due to allocation of the Na+-gradient towards ion-driven fluid uptake in SW, at the cost of amino acid transport. Intestinal NKA activity was higher in SW compared to FW fish. Exposure to ouabain, an inhibitor of NKA, decreased L-lysine transport. However, exposure to bumetanide and hydrochlorothiazide, inhibitors of Na+, K+, 2Cl−-co-transporter (NKCC) and Na+, Cl−-co-transporter (NCC) respectively, did not affect the rate of intestinal L-lysine transport. In conclusion, L-lysine transport is Na+-dependent in rainbow trout and the NKA activity and thus the available Na+-gradient increases after SW acclimation. This increased Na+-gradient is most likely directed towards osmoregulation, as amino acid transport is not compromised in SW acclimated fish.
Autophagic degradation of membrane-bound organelles in plants
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Zhang Qian , Bao Yan , Bassham Diane C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have evolved membrane-bound organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts (in plants and green algae) and lysosomes/vacuoles, for specialized functions. Organelle quality control and their proper interactions are crucial both for normal cell homeostasis and function and for environmental adaption. Dynamic turnover of organelles is tightly controlled, with autophagy playing an essential role. Autophagy is a programmed process for efficient clearing of unwanted or damaged macromolecules or organelles, transporting them to vacuoles for degradation and recycling and thereby enhancing plant environmental plasticity. The specific autophagic engulfment of organelles requires activation of a selective autophagy pathway, recognition of the organelle by a receptor, and selective incorporation of the organelle into autophagosomes. While some of the autophagy machinery and mechanisms for autophagic removal of organelles is conserved across eukaryotes, plants have also developed unique mechanisms and machinery for these pathways. In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding autophagy regulation in plants, with a focus on autophagic degradation of membrane-bound organelles. We also raise some important outstanding questions to be addressed in the future.
High flashover strength and superhydrophobic coatings by constructing porous surface structure
Authors: Li Mengtao , Chen Tingxin , Guo Xiaobo , Dong Lei , Chen Jiming , Zhu Mingxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlashover is prone to occur in composite insulation structures such as vacuum‐solid and gas‐solid, which are universally employed in high‐voltage power equipment. In this study, a high flashover strength and superhydrophobic coating were proposed by constructing porous surface morphology. Octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) particles were prepared by hydrolysis condensation reaction, and thereafter sprayed onto the substrate surface to form a porous and rough surface structure with hundreds of nanometres of dispersed pores and pits. The coating endowed epoxy resin with maximum 44% flashover voltage increase and the superhydrophobic surface with water contact angle of 158.4°. Since the pore size in OTS coating is close to electron mean free path in atmospheric condition, the collisional ionisation can be effectively hindered, which suppresses the micro‐discharge around the triple junction and improves the flashover strength. The present approach provides a new insight for simultaneously improving flashover strength and superhydrophobic properties of dielectric insulation.
Motivation à enseigner : enquête auprès des participants du diplôme inter-universitaire en pédagogie médicale de la Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Marrakech
Authors: Wakrim Soukaina , Lahlou Laila , Chakiri Radia , Bouskraoui Mohammed 
Published: December 2022

Contexte :  La nécessité de former les cliniciens-enseignants à la pédagogie médicale est universellement reconnue. Or, la motivation à entamer et poursuivre un programme formel de développement professoral en pédagogie médicale a été peu étudiée. Une connaissance plus fine des déterminants de la motivation des enseignants à se former à la pédagogie permettrait de mieux soutenir les efforts d’amélioration de la formation des professionnels de la santé.Objectif :Mettre en évidence des sources de motivation des cliniciens-enseignants qui choisissent de poursuivre le diplôme inter-universitaire (DIU) en pédagogie médicale.Méthodes :Quatre-vingts des 110 (72 %) enseignants ayant suivi une formation professorale en pédagogie médicale dans le cadre du DIU ont complété le questionnaire de l’échelle de motivation en éducation adapté aux études universitaires de Vallerandet al.(ÉMÉ-U 28), élaboré en lien avec la théorie de l’auto-détermination.Résultats :Au regard des mesures rapportées, la motivation autonome est plus élevée que la motivation contrôlée. Une très grande majorité des participants indiquent souhaiter poursuivre des études avancées pour le plaisir de découvrir des choses jamais vues auparavant et une majorité significative pour approfondir leurs connaissances en pédagogie médicale. La plupart d’entre eux se sont engagés dans le DIU pour le plaisir et pour la satisfaction personnelle liée à la recherche de l’excellence dans leur profession. Seul un tiers des participants justifie l’inscription au DIU de pédagogie par des éléments externes de motivation, liés à la contrepartie espérée de pouvoir décrocher la titularisation et l’agrégation plus tard.Conclusion :Cette étude contribue à la compréhension de la dynamique motivationnelle qui pousse des cliniciens à initier un processus de formation professorale afin de devenir des cliniciens-enseignants.
Subperiosteal Midface Lift with Sub–Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System Rhytidectomy
Authors: Manning James P. , Quatela Vito C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe subperiosteal midface lift is a powerful tool that allows the surgeon to reposition the SOOF and malar fat pad in a vertical direction. Additionally, it significantly softens deep nasolabial folds. Its effect, however, is minimal with regards to addressing the jowl, jawline, gonial angle and cervicomental angle. Combining the subperiosteal midface lift with an extended sub-SMAS rhytidectomy addresses the pre-jowl sulcus by releasing the mandibular ligament. The jawline and gonial angle become more defined with the transposition and suspension of the SMAS flap. The SMAS transposition flap along with the suspension of the platysma flap to the mastoid fascia support the submandibular glands and deepen the cervicomental angle. These two approaches are valuable additions to the surgeons armamentarium and can yield excellent results in carefully selected patients.
Implications of habitat overlap between giant panda and sambar for sympatric multi-species conservation
Authors: Bai Wenke , Zhang Jindong , He Ke , Zhao Shanshan , Gu Xiaodong , Hu Jie , Songer Melissa , Zhou Caiquan , Dong Xin , Huang Qiongyu 
Published: December 2022

Context Studies of distribution and habitat utilisation of sympatric animals, especially those experiencing population increases, are useful for understanding their specialised habitat niches and interspecies relationships, in addition to developing effective protection strategies. Aims As a species that lives within the range of the giant panda, the sambar population has been increasing in the past few decades in Southwest China. In this paper, we aimed to analyse the overlap in habitat area and habitat suitability between giant panda and sambar in Wolong National Nature Reserve to examine potential sympatric species competition in the context of wildlife conservation. Methods We ran MaxEnt models based on giant panda occurrence sign locations (n = 316) and sambar presence locations (n = 598). In addition, we predicted the core and secondary habitat for the two species to assess the degree of competition across a gradient of habitat conditions. Key results Our analysis detected significant habitat overlap between the two species – up to 75.96% in their potential habitat, with suitability overlap indices reaching 0.74. Conclusions These results indicate that the similarity of habitat requirements of the two species is high in our study area. In addition, the competition over space utilisation between the two species’ populations could intensify in the future as the sambar population increases. Implications Our results suggest that habitat restoration and corridor construction could be recommended as conservation strategies for future wildlife conservation in China’s Giant Panda National Park. Moreover, future wildlife conservation should pay greater attention to the niche overlap and interspecific competition among sympatric species. We suggest strengthening habitat restoration and corridors for all key species in the region, not just giant pandas, to alleviate the increased competition associated with niche overlap among sympatric species.