bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing a Deterministic Model for Autonomous Driving Through Visual Behavior
Authors: Sanchez-Mateo Sofia , Valle-Barrio Alfredo , Díaz-Álvarez Alberto , Jiménez Felipe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDriving safety has been improved by automated vehicles, particularly in terms of human error-related accidents, which are considered one of the main causes of traffic accidents. However, despite the increase in the number of sensors, full automation still generates conflictive situations where driver intervention is necessary. Many maneuvers are unique and sometimes unrepeatable, due to the multiple factors involved, being the patterns observation for the development of models and their automation complicated. To achieve greater knowledge of the performance during complex maneuvers on interurban roads, this article proposes the development of a deterministic driving model based on real driving data. The intentional phase prior to the maneuver has been studied in detail thanks to information from the driver’s visual behavior.
Low-Cost Model for the Estimation of Pollutant Emissions Based on GPS and Machine Learning
Authors: Rivera-Campoverde Néstor , Sanz José Muñoz , Arenas-Ramirez Blanca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel method for estimating pollutants emitted by vehicles powered by internal combustion engines in real driving, without the need for extensive measurement campaigns or the use of instrumentation in the vehicle for long periods of time; for which it is based on the positioning and speed signals generated by the GPS (Global Positioning System) and the machine learning application. To obtain the training data and validation of the model, two road tests are carried out using the Euro 6 directives for the estimation of pollutants through RDE (Real Driving Emissions), in which a portable emission measurement system is used, and a recorder that stores data from OBD (On Board Diagnostics) and GPS. Based on the data obtained in the first route, the vehicle’s performance is determined and, through automatic learning, the model that estimates polluting emissions is generated, which is validated with the data from the second route. When comparing the results generated by the model against those measured in the RDE, relative errors (%) of 0.0976, −0.2187, 0.2249 and −0.1379 are obtained in the emission factors of CO2, CO, HC and NOx respectively. Finally, the model is fed with data obtained in 1218 km of random driving, obtaining similar results to models based on OBD and closer to the real driving conditions generated by models such as the IVE (International Vehicle Emissions).
Contribution to Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Welding Processes
Authors: Freire-Torres Mario , Carpio Jaime 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present work describes a mathematical model for the numerical simulation of the welding process. Initially, the domain Ω is solid to which the heat is released in certain areas. This heat increases the temperature of the solid, and when the fusion temperature is reached, the phase change occurs. At the fusion temperature, there is a mixture between liquid and solid (modelled as a porous medium); above this temperature mentioned; we will find only liquid. Natural convection currents can occur in the liquid due to buoyancy induced by the gravitational field. In order to reproduce all the phenomenology described, the mathematical model will be based on the energy conservation equation, expressed in terms of enthalpy, together with the mass and momentum conservation equations to determine the velocity of the fluid. The numerical resolution of the equations will be carried out with a Lagrange-Galerkin formulation in a finite element framework, where a temporal discretization BDF2 scheme will be used.
Application of New Conformal Cooling Systems for Sustainable Injection Molds
Authors: Torres-Alba Abelardo , Mercado-Colmenero Jorge Manuel , Amate-Teva José Antonio , Martín-Doñate Cristina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cooling phase in the cycle time of the injection molding process is currently the phase with the greatest influence on energy expenditure and sustainability. Traditional designs are not capable of perform an adequate thermal exchange between the coolant and the mold cavity, especially in parts with complex geometries and deep cores. For this reason, the conformal cooling channels provide greater flexibility to the design, achieving efficient heat exchange between the surface and internal layers of the plastic part. The present research describes the application of a new conformal cooling system to optimize the cooling phase of a complex plastic part with great depth where the use of traditional cooling is inefficient. The results of the presented research greatly improve the uniformity of temperatures on the surface of the plastic part, reducing the cycle time by more than 37%. These results are perfectly aligned with the objective of improving the sustainability and efficiency of the manufacturing process.
Effects of Temperature and Vacuum Pressure on the Mechanical and Surface Enhancement of FFF Parts
Authors: Gómez-Gras Giovanni , de Bruijn Ariadna Chueca , Abad Manuel D. , Forés-Garriga Albert , Pérez Marco A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study deals with a novel post-process for polymeric components obtained by FFF based on the combination of annealing at controlled temperatures and isostatic vacuum pressing. The experimental development based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) allowed us to define an optimal combination of process parameters. The experimental results confirm the enhancement for different printing orientations showing a significantly improved intralayer and interlayer adhesion and demonstrating the capability of the proposed method to reduce the anisotropy of the treated parts, which can be extrapolated to other FFF polymers.
Analysis of the Behaviour of Vertical Articulated Robots in Machining Operations
Authors: Ferreras-Higuero Eugenio , Díez-Cifuentes Eduardo , Leal-Muñoz Erardo , Clavijo-Jiménez Miguel , Vizán-Idoipe Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to improve the productivity of manufacturing cells by reallocating tasks between the machine tools and the robot. The true working capacity of the robot is established considering the process forces and taking into account the specified precision of the product to be manufactured by accurately modelling its behaviour. This modelling has been carried out using the multi-body method and considering a variable stiffness in the robot joints. The behaviour of the robot at different points in the work area is determined, determining where the best results are produced. This results in the possible reallocation of tasks, the positioning point and the orientation of the workpiece in the working area.The simulated or measured cutting force is fed into the model, modified according to variations in the machining parameters. These variations occur due to deviations of the robot during the machining path. A function is defined where the influence on the value of the force is recorded. This input information can be modified based on feedback from the estimated behaviour of the robot. The results of the modelling of the robot and its interaction with the cutting forces show the influence of the type of robot and the work area in which it is working, allowing the process to be characterised.
Towards Digitalizing Rolling Stock Maintenance
Authors: Bustos Alejandro , Rubio Higinio , Castejon Cristina , Soriano-Heras Enrique , Garcia-Prada Juan Carlos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe advent of Industry 4.0 has revolutionised the way in which all aspects of a product or service are approached, and the railway sector is moving toward the adoption of this new paradigm. Maintenance in railways is traditionally based on a preventive approach that replaces parts at regular intervals or when a failure occurs. However, the 4.0 revolution implies the use of new strategies based on condition monitoring and predictive maintenance for moving towards Maintenance 4.0. In this work, the creation of a digital twin that helps in the adoption of new technologies is established. The proposed digital twin covers the trailer bogie of a high-speed train and is composed of three models: a 3D geometrical model, a finite element model and a multi-body model. These three models provide the initial information about the dynamic performance of the bogie that should be completed with feedback from the actual bogie operating in the real world.
Data Reconstruction Attack Against Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Kwatra Saloni , Torra Vicenç 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAttacking machine learning models is one of the many ways to measure the privacy of machine learning models. Therefore, studying the performance of attacks against machine learning techniques is essential to know whether somebody can share information about machine learning models, and if shared, how much can be shared? In this work, we investigate one of the widely used dimensionality reduction techniques Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We refer to a recent paper that shows how to attack PCA using a Membership Inference Attack (MIA). When using membership inference attacks against PCA, the adversary gets access to some of the principal components and wants to determine if a particular record was used to compute those principal components. We assume that the adversary knows the distribution of training data, which is a reasonable and useful assumption for a membership inference attack. With this assumption, we show that the adversary can make a data reconstruction attack, which is a more severe attack than the membership attack. For a protection mechanism, we propose that the data guardian first generate synthetic data and then compute the principal components. We also compare our proposed approach with Differentially Private Principal Component Analysis (DPPCA). The experimental findings show the degree to which the adversary successfully attempted to recover the users’ original data. We obtained comparable results with DPPCA. The number of principal components the attacker intercepted affects the attack’s outcome. Therefore, our work aims to answer how much information about machine learning models is safe to disclose while protecting users’ privacy.
Bubble nucleation and gravitational waves from holography in the probe approximation
Authors: Chen Yidian , Li Danning , Huang Mei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the bounce solution in the holographic dark-QCD and electroweak models with first-order phase transition. The strength parameter α, inverse duration time β/H and bubble wall velocity vw in the gravitational wave power spectra are calculated by holographic bounce solution. We find the parameter α is about 𝒪(1) and β/H is about 104, which implies that the phase transition is fast and strong. The critical temperature, nucleation temperature and the temperature at the beginning time of the phase transition are close to each other in the holographic model. In addition, the velocity vw is found to be less than the sound speed of the plasma $$ {c}_s=1/\sqrt{3} $$

c
s

=
1
/

3

, which corresponds to the deflagration scenario. The gravitational wave signal from phase transitions is difficult to detect since the factor ϒ suppresses the gravitational wave power spectrum. The GW signal can be detected only when the model is in the period of electroweak phase transition and with suitable parameters. Moreover, the primordial black hole is not favorable for formation due to the large parameter β/H and small velocity vw.
Explicit black hole thermodynamics in natural variables
Authors: Hristov Kiril 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the general thermal asymptotically flat Kerr-Newman black holes in 4d Einstein-Maxwell theory. Even though their thermodynamics has been understood for decades, the Gibbs free energy and on-shell action are only known implicitly as functions of the standard chemical potentials. Using the so-called left and right moving (or holomorphic and anti-holomorphic) variables related to the chemical potentials on both the outer and the inner horizons, we are able to present explicit and very simple expressions for all quantities. We discuss various limits in the parameter space, remarkably finding a smooth BPS limit allowing direct access to the extremal surface. In the BPS limit the anti-holomorphic part of the on-shell action vanishes identically, leading automatically to the holomorphic expression expected microscopically. This gives us confidence that the newly defined thermal partition function in terms of these variables is the natural candidate for a full microscopic description.
Holographic hydrodynamics of tilted Dirac materials
Authors: Moradpouri A. , Jafari S. A. , Torabian Mahdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a gravity dual to a quantum material with tilted Dirac cone in 2+1 dimensional spacetime. In this many-body system the electronics degrees of freedom are strongly-coupled, constitute a Dirac fluid and admit an effective hydrodynamic description. The holographic techniques are applied to compute the thermodynamic variables and hydrodynamic transports of a fluid on the boundary of an asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetime with a boosted black hole in the bulk. We find that these materials exhibit deviations from the normal Dirac fluid which rely on the tilt of the Dirac cone. In particular, the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio is reduced and the KSS bound is violated in this system. This prediction can be experimentally verified in two-dimensional quantum materials (e.g. organic α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 and 8Pmmn borophene) with tilted Dirac cone.
Manoeuvring Across Academia in National Socialist Germany: The Life and Work of Devendra Nath Bannerjea
Authors: Framke Maria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe article investigates the possibilities and limits for the academic Devendra Nath Bannerjea to find employment in National Socialist Germany by producing—what he imagined to be—useful knowledge for the state. Bannerjea, who came from the Punjab in northwestern India via London, Geneva and Rome to Berlin, defies neat categorization. He was neither a National Socialist scholar, nor can he be solely understood as an Indian anticolonial nationalist. In the more than four decades he spent in Europe, Bannerjea appeared in many different roles—as an anticolonial rebel, false diplomat, researcher, and endeavouring professor. Despite his employment in different educational institutions, his publications, and his political and academic networks, he remained a second row intellectual and political activist. His activities led to repeated conflicts, first with British and later Nazi authorities, because of his radical ideas and claims to intellectual egalitarianism on the one hand, and, even more often, because of his ‘creative’ efforts to improve his precarious living conditions on the other.The article explores the relationship between knowledge production and National Socialist state politics through the lens of Bannerjea’s life, focussing on the exchange of resources between Bannerjea and the National Socialist apparatus. Against the backdrop of the social circumstances of his livelihood, it investigates the knowledge produced by Bannerjea and the rewards he received from the National Socialist regime in return.
Improving surface integrity by optimizing slide diamond burnishing parameters after hard turning of 42CrMo4 steel
Authors: Zaghal Jawad , Molnár Viktor , Benke Márton 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite turning could be replaced by grinding as a finishing machining process, it is considered not satisfactory for elongating the fatigue life of the component because of the produced tensile residual stresses and irregularities formed at the surface. Therefore, a complimentary operation should be applied after hard turning. Slide diamond burnishing process is a mechanical finishing operation used after hard turning to further decrease the surface roughness, introducing compressive residual stresses, increasing the microhardness, and refining the microstructure of the surface and subsurface layer of the workpiece. The main result is increasing the fatigue life of the rotating components subjected to cyclic loading. In this work, the simultaneous effect of changing the burnishing speed, feed, and force of slide diamond burnishing on surface roughness, residual stresses, and microhardness of 42CrMo4 hard-turned steel was studied. It was found that the effect of one parameter was highly affected by the others. As a result, the optimal burnishing parameters were specified, with which better surface quality was obtained than after grinding.
Green Hyperbolic Complexes on Lorentzian Manifolds
Authors: Benini Marco , Musante Giorgio , Schenkel Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe develop a homological generalization of Green hyperbolic operators, called Green hyperbolic complexes, which cover many examples of derived critical loci for gauge-theoretic quadratic action functionals in Lorentzian signature. We define Green hyperbolic complexes through a generalization of retarded and advanced Green’s operators, called retarded and advanced Green’s homotopies, which are shown to be unique up to a contractible space of choices. We prove homological generalizations of the most relevant features of Green hyperbolic operators, namely that (1) the retarded-minus-advanced cochain map is a quasi-isomorphism, (2) a differential pairing (generalizing the usual fiber-wise metric) on a Green hyperbolic complex leads to covariant and fixed-time Poisson structures and (3) the retarded-minus-advanced cochain map is compatible with these Poisson structures up to homotopy.
Integral points on symmetric affine cubic surfaces
Authors: Uppal H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe show that if $$f(u)\in {\mathbb {Z}}[u]$$

f
(
u
)
∈
Z
[
u
]

is a monic cubic polynomial, then for all but finitely many $$n\in {\mathbb {Z}}$$

n
∈
Z

the affine cubic surface $$f(u_{1})+f(u_{2})+f(u_{3})=n \subset {\mathbb {A}}^{3}_{{\mathbb {Z}}}$$

f

(

u
1

)

+
f

(

u
2

)

+
f

(

u
3

)

=
n
⊂

A

Z
3

has no integral Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle.
Älter werden vor dem Hintergrund einer traumatischen Kindheit
Authors: Thoma Myriam V. , Salas Castillo Aileen N. , Maercker Andreas 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungMissbrauchserfahrungen in frühen Lebensjahren können sich bis ins hohe Lebensalter negativ auf die Betroffenen auswirken. Heute existiert vergleichsweise wenig systematisches Wissen im Hinblick auf (un)spezifische Traumafolgen bei älteren Betroffenen. Zusätzlich besteht wenig Wissen bezüglich (relativ) unversehrter langfristiger Verläufe nach traumatischen Kindheitserfahrungen. Um einerseits diesen Forschungsrückstand aufzuholen und andererseits dabei zu helfen, ein dunkles Kapitel der Schweizer Geschichte aufzuarbeiten, wurden am Psychologischen Institut der Universität Zürich mehrere Studien mit ehemaligen Betroffenen von „Fürsorgerischen Zwangsmaßnahmen und Fremdplatzierung“ durchgeführt. Ziel war es herauszufinden, inwieweit solche Erfahrungen mit der körperlichen und psychischen Gesundheit im Alter zusammenhängen.
Changes in soil pore structure generated by the root systems of maize, sorghum and switchgrass affect in situ N2O emissions and bacterial denitrification
Authors: Lucas Maik , Gil J. , Robertson G. P. , Ostrom N. E. , Kravchenko A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the heterogeneous nature of soil pore structure, processes such as nitrification and denitrification can occur simultaneously at microscopic levels, making prediction of small-scale nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the field notoriously difficult. We assessed N2O+N2 emissions from soils under maize (Zea mays L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and energy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), three potential bioenergy crops in order to identify the importance of different N2O sources to microsite production, and relate N2O source differences to crop-associated differences in pore structure formation. The combination of isotopic surveys of N2O in the field during one growing season and X-ray computed tomography (CT) enabled us to link results from isotopic mappings to soil structural properties. Further, our methodology allowed us to evaluate the potential for in situ N2O suppression by biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in energy sorghum. Our results demonstrated that the fraction of N2O originating from bacterial denitrification and reduction of N2O to N2 is largely determined by the volume of particulate organic matter occluded within the soil matrix and the anaerobic soil volume. Bacterial denitrification was greater in switchgrass than in the annual crops, related to changes in pore structure caused by the coarse root system. This led to high N-loses through N2 emissions in the switchgrass system throughout the season a novel finding given the lack of data in the literature for total denitrification. Isotopic mapping indicated no differences in N2O-fluxes or their source processes between maize and energy sorghum that could be associated with the release of BNI by the investigated sorghum variety. The results of this research show how differences in soil pore structures among cropping systems can determine both N2O production via denitrification and total denitrification N losses in situ.
Exploring the relationship between social jetlag with gut microbial composition, diet and cardiometabolic health, in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort
Authors: Bermingham Kate M. , Stensrud Sophie , Asnicar Francesco , Valdes Ana M. , Franks Paul W. , Wolf Jonathan , Hadjigeorgiou George , Davies Richard , Spector Tim D. , Segata Nicola , Berry Sarah E. , Hall Wendy L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this study, we explore the relationship between social jetlag (SJL), a parameter of circadian misalignment, and gut microbial composition, diet and cardiometabolic health in the ZOE PREDICT 1 cohort (NCT03479866).

Methods
We assessed demographic, diet, cardiometabolic, stool metagenomics and postprandial metabolic measures (n = 1002). We used self-reported habitual sleep (n = 934) to calculate SJL (difference in mid-sleep time point of ≥ 1.5 h on week versus weekend days). We tested group differences (SJL vs no-SJL) in cardiometabolic markers and diet (ANCOVA) adjusting for sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. We performed comparisons of gut microbial composition using machine learning and association analyses on the species level genome bins present in at least 20% of the samples.

Results
The SJL group (16%, n = 145) had a greater proportion of males (39% vs 25%), shorter sleepers (average sleep < 7 h; 5% vs 3%), and were younger (38.4 ± 11.3y vs 46.8 ± 11.7y) compared to the no-SJL group. SJL was associated with a higher relative abundance of 9 gut bacteria and lower abundance of 8 gut bacteria (q < 0.2 and absolute Cohen’s effect size > 0.2), in part mediated by diet. SJL was associated with unfavourable diet quality (less healthful Plant-based Diet Index), higher intakes of potatoes and sugar-sweetened beverages, and lower intakes of fruits, and nuts, and slightly higher markers of inflammation (GlycA and IL-6) compared with no-SJL (P < 0.05 adjusted for covariates); rendered non-significant after multiple testing adjustments.

Conclusions
Novel associations between SJL and a more disadvantageous gut microbiome in a cohort of predominantly adequate sleepers highlight the potential implications of SJL for health.