bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the relationship between domestic violence with substance abuse and suicide resilience in mothers with disabled children
Authors: Mohammadi Fateme , Barati Majid , Borzou Seyed Reza , Ezati Elahe , Mohammadi Khadejeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Khazaei Salman , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMothers with disabled children are among the most critical groups exposed to domestic violence. Although domestic violence strongly affects these mothers’ physical and mental health, it subsequently affects their drug addiction and resilience to suicide. Based on this, it is crucial to investigate domestic violence, drug addiction, and resilience against suicide in mothers with disabled children. This study investigated the relationship between domestic violence, substance dependence, and resilience against suicide in mothers with disabled children in Iranian society.MethodsFrom January to April 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted in central and western Iran with the participation of 267 mothers with disabled children. The mothers of disabled children were selected through convenience and snowball sampling. Then they completed questionnaires included domestic violence, substance dependence and resilience against suicide. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with descriptive statistics, such as prevalence, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, and expository measurements, including ANOVA, independent t, and regression tests.ResultsThe study revealed that there was a strong direct correlation between domestic violence and substance abuse (r = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001), as well as a strong indirect correlation between domestic violence and suicide resilience (r = −0.90, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, substance abuse and suicide resilience were negatively correlated (r = −0.93, p &lt; 0.001). Other variables, such as the severity of children’s disability, education, financial status, and the fathers’ involvement, were predictors of domestic violence, accounting for 73.28% of the variance.ConclusionMothers with disabled children reported moderate levels of domestic violence, which strongly impacts their physical and mental well-being, leading to drug dependency and suicide. So, it is essential to implement comprehensive planning and provide extensive support to reduce domestic violence against them. By doing so, we can enhance their physical and mental health and ultimately improve their overall quality of life.
Direct comparison of virtual reality and 2D delivery on sense of presence, emotional and physiological outcome measures
Authors: Kuhne Caroline , Kecelioglu Eda D. , Maltby Steven , Hood Rebecca J. , Knott Brendon , Ditton Elizabeth , Walker Frederick Rohan , Kluge Murielle G. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Virtual-reality (VR) technology has, over the last decade, quickly expanded from gaming into other sectors including training, education, and wellness. One of the most popular justifications for the use of VR over 2D is increased immersion and engagement. However, very little fundamental research has been produced evaluating the comparative impact of immersive VR on the user’s cognitive, physiological, and emotional state.Methods: A within-subject cross-over study design was used to directly compare VR and 2D screen delivery of different subject matter content. Both physiological and self-report data were collected for scenes containing calming nature environments, aggressive social confrontations, and neutral content.Results: Compared to 2D, the VR delivery resulted in a higher sense of presence, higher ratings of engagement, fun, and privacy. Confrontational scenes were rated as more tense whilst calming scenes were rated as more relaxing when presented in VR compared to 2D. Physiological data indicated that the scenes promoted overall states of arousal and relaxation in accordance with the scene subject matter (both VR and 2D). However, heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were consistently higher throughout the VR delivery condition compared to 2D, including responses during scenes of neutral and calming subject matter.Discussion: This discrepancy between emotional and physiological responses for calming and neutral content in VR suggest an elevated arousal response driven by VR immersion that is independent of the emotional and physiological responses to the subject matter itself. These findings have important implications for those looking to develop and utilize VR technology as a training and educational tool as they provide insights into the impact of immersion on the user.
Introduction
Authors: Chaline Jean 
Published: August 2023

In der Höhle von Gigny kônnten bei Grabungen in der Vorhalle 28 verschiedene Schichten erkannt werden, die sich in 5 Sedimentensembles aufteilen lassen. Die diversen sedimentologischen Parameter und deren Entwicklung (granulometrische Fraktionen, Mineralogie, Kalkkonkre-tionen, allochthone Gerôlle, u.s.w.) ermoglichen die Ablagerungsprozesse im palaoklimatischen Zusammen-hang zu rekonstruieren.
Die physikalischen Datierungen der Hôhlensedimen-tabfolge durch ESR (um ca. 145 000 Jahre) im unteren, durch die 14C-Methode im mittleren (zwischen 32 000 B.P. und 29 000 B.P.) und im oberen Ensemble (zwischen 22 430 B.P. und 12 370 B.P.) geben der Sequenz von Gigny einen absolutchronologischen Rahmen. Die Säugerfauna (Mustelidae, Ursidae, Cervidae, Bovidae, Equidae, Roden-tia), die der Vögel (69 Arten) sowie die Pollen erlauben eine klimatische Feinchronologie. Auf Grund der Verwendung der Methode nach Hokr ergibt sich zum ersten Mai aus der Kombination von Nagerarten eine quantitative paläoklimatische Aussage zum Kontinentalmilieu. Die Höhlenablagerungen haben interessante Kultur-schichten aus dem Acheuléen dem Moustérien, dem Neolithikum und aus der Fruhgeschichte (Mittlere Bron-zezeit, Spätbronzezeit, Altere Eisenzeit) geliefert.
Durch diese zusammenfassende, pluridisziplinàre Arbeit lässt sich eine regionale klimatische Stratigraphie erstellen, wobei hier sieben neue klimatische Stufen beschrieben werden : Suranstufe (Riss-Komplex ?), Interglazial von Cressia (Kärlich, Elbeuf II, Tréenien ?) und Gigny 1 stufe, Interstadial von Saint-Julien, Gigny 2 stufe, Interstadial von Loisia (Denekamp, Arcy-sur-Cure), Gigny 3 stufe.
Im Zusammenhang mit der Sequenz von La Grande Pile (Haute-Saône) erscheint nunmehr jene von Gigny als ein Referenzprofil fur das mittlere und spate Pleistozän des periglazialen Europas im Bereich des nahen Juragletschers.
Introduction – L’organisation de l’habitat aurignacien. Les données historiques
Authors: Schmider Béatrice 
Published: August 2023

La couche VII de la Grotte du Renne, fouillée par André Leroi-Gourhan, dans les années cinquante, n’avait fait l’objet, jusqu’alors, que de publications préliminaires. Cet horizon archéologique représente les vestiges, bien conservés, de plusieurs occupations aurignaciennes, fortement imbriquées, mais bien individualisées dans la stratigraphie générale du site. L’étude s’appuie sur un nouvel examen du matériel recueilli lors des fouilles et aussi sur la critique des documents, coupes, plans, photographies, dont la plupart étaient restés inédits. Une introduction est consacrée aux données historiques situant les recherches dans le contexte de l’époque et rappelant les propositions de A. Leroi-Gourhan, principalement en ce qui concerne l’aménagement de l’espace où s’installèrent les Aurignaciens.
Le premier chapitre de l’ouvrage traite de la géomorphologie du site : il replace la couche VII dans une séquence stratigraphique qui ne compte pas moins de quatorze niveaux archéologiques et tente une reconstitution de l’évolution du système karstique local. Une nouvelle interprétation de l’analyse palynologique, effectuée anciennement, permet de mieux préciser la période du séjour des Aurignaciens, corrélée avec le réchauffement central de l’Interstade d’Arcy.
Les données paléoenvironementales sont complétées, dans le second chapitre, par l’étude de la faune réalisée d’une part sur les restes du gibier rapporté
dans l’habitat par les chasseurs, d’autre part sur les ossements des animaux sauvages qui fréquentaient le site pendant leurs absences. Le chapitre suivant (ch. III) présente les résultats du nouvel examen de l’abondant matériel lithique (nucléus, produits de débitage et outils) recueilli lors des fouilles, analysé sous l’angle typomorphologique mais aussi techno-économique et fonctionnel. Il est complété par la description des galets utilisés (ch. IV).
L’étude de l’industrie osseuse fait l’objet du cinquième chapitre et évoque les différentes techniques employées par les Aurignaciens pour la fabrication d’un outillage riche et diversifié. Le dernier chapitre traite des objets de parure dont certains sont particulièrement remarquables par leur valeur esthétique et symbolique et la technologie mise en œuvre pour leur réalisation ainsi que des fossiles ramassés comme objets de curiosité. En conclusion, la synthèse de toutes ces données permet de nouvelles hypothèses sur l’organisation de l’habitat, sa durée, sa périodicité, ainsi que la recension des activités du groupe nomade qui s’arrêta sous le porche de la grotte du Renne, il y a environ 33 000 ans.
La place de l’Aurignacien de la grotte du Renne dans le contexte général de cette culture est enfin discutée et il est proposé de le rapprocher typologiquement d’un Aurignacien archaïque (proche du Proto-Aurignacien méditerranéen) plutôt que de l’ Aurignacien classique du sud-ouest français.
No era [solo] magia...
Authors: De Hoyos María 
Published: August 2023

En este trabajo comparto una propuesta acerca de cómo se fue construyendo el conociendo acerca del arte rupestre en el Noroeste argentino. Su estudio recibió distintas denominaciones y ocupó diferentes lugares en la arqueología en función de los sucesivos contextos históricos y de la incidencia de las principales corrientes teórico-metodológicas. Este desarrollo fue delimitado tentativamente en cuatro grandes momentos teniendo en cuenta la manera de nominar al objeto de estudio, la finalidad de las investigaciones, el papel asignado al arte, las interpretaciones y los fundamentos de estas interpretaciones.
Zimbo Trio no cinema
Authors: Uchôa Fábio 
Published: August 2023

Este artigo mapeia as colaborações do Zimbo Trio com as construções musicais de quatro longas-metragens dos anos 1960 – Noite vazia (1964), A margem (1967), O quarto (1968) e As armas (1969) –examinando as figuras audiovisuais e os significados sociais recorrentes. Para tanto, realiza uma abordagem em dois passos, mesclando a delimitação das características sonoras e dos gêneros musicais (samba-jazz e bossa nova) em discos e shows, sucedida pela análise audiovisual (CHION, 2011), das figuras e funções narrativas nos filmes. Sob o viés de tais análises, busca-se problematizar a situação dessas obras em relação às tensões entre engajamento político e adesão à indústria cultural (NAPOLITANO, 2010), ou entre nacionalismo e universalismo (RAMOS, 1983), em termos de pensamento cinematográfico.
ﺇﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺟﺎﺫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻌﺭ ﺑﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﻛﺭ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﺎﺏ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ.ﻳﻭﻧﺱ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ  
Published: August 2023

ﻴﻘـوﻝ اﻟﺸـﺎﻋر اﻷﻟﻤـﺎﻨﻲ "ﻏوﺘـﻪ" ﻓـﻲ ﻛﻠﻤـﺔ ﻟـﻪ: إن ﻟﺠﺒـﻝ اﻟﺒرﻨـﺎس ﻗﻤﻤـﺎً ﻋدﻴـدة ٬ وﻫـو
ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ أن اﻟﺸـﻌ ارء اﻟﻤﺠﻴـدﻴن ﻗﻤـٌم أﺨـرى ﻟﺠﺒـﻝ اﻟﺸـﻌر. وﻟﻌـ َﻝ ﺒـدر ﺸـﺎﻛر اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب واﺤـٌد ﻤـن
اﻟﺸﻌ ارء اﻟذﻴن ﺤﻘﻘوا ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻘوﻟﺔ ٬ ﻓﻬو ﺸﺎﻋٌر ﻛﺒﻴٌر ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴس زﻤﺎﻨﻪ ٬ ﻋﻠﻰ درﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤن
اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻨوﻋﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ اﺴـﺘﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻤـن ﻴﻨـﺎﺒﻴﻊ ﻤﺘﻌـددة ٬ ﻋرﺒﻴـﺔ وأﺠﻨﺒﻴـﺔ ٬ واﻟﺴـﻴﺎب اﺒـن ﻤﻔﻬـوم ﻋـن
اﻟﺸﻌر ﻴﻤﻴﻝ ﻻ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻛس أﺜر ﺘﺠرﺒﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘط ارد ٕواﺴﻬﺎب وﻴﺴﺘﺴﻠم ﻟﻠﺘـداﻋﻴﺎت ﺒـدﻝ اﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎد
واﻟﺘرﻛﻴــز ﺒﻌﻛــس ﻨــﺎزك اﻟﻤﻼﺌﻛــﺔ اﻟﺘــﻲ ﺘــؤدي ﺘﺠرﺒﺘﻬــﺎ ﺒﺄﻗــﻝ ﻤــﺎﻴﻤﻛن ﻤــن ﻛﻠﻤــﺎت ﺘﻔــﻴض
ﺒﺎﻹﻴﻤﺎءات واﻹﻴﺤﺎءات وﺘﺘﻔﺠر ﺒﺎﻟدﻻﻻت ٬ وﻛﺄن ﻨﺎزﻛﺎً ﻛﺎﻨت ﺘﺤﻔظ ﺠﻴـداً ﻤﻘوﻟـﺔ ﺒـودﻟﻴر: إن
اﻟﻌﺎطﻔﺔ ﺘﺴﻲء ﻟﻠﻔـن اذا أﻓـرط ﻓـﻲ اﻻﺴﺘﺴـﻼم ﻟﻬـﺎ. وﻴﻤﻛـن اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر طرﻴﻘﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻨظـم اﻟﻘﺼـﻴدة
اﻟطوﻴﻠﺔ أوﻝ َﻤﻌﻠم ﻓﻲ ﺸﻌرﻩ ٬ وﺜﺎﻨﻲ َﻤﻌﻠم ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠرﺒﺘـﻪ اﻟﺸـﻌرﻴﺔ رُد اﻟﻌﻨـت اﻟﺸـﻌري اﻟـﻰ ﻋﻔوﻴـﺔ
اﻷداء ﺤﺘـﻰ ﻟﻴﺒـدو اﻟﺴـﻴﺎب وﻛﺄﻨـﻪ أرﺴـﻝ ﺸـﻌرﻩ ﻤﻬﻤـﻼً ﻻ ﻴﻌﺒـر ﻋﻨـﻪ إﻻ ﺒﻤﻘـدار ﻤﺎﻴﻌﺎﻨﻴـﻪ وﻻ
ﻴﻌﺎﻨﻴـﻪ إﻻّ ﺒﻤﻘـدار ﻤـﺎﻴﻌﺒر ﻋﻨـﻪ ٬ ﻤﺨﻔﻴـﺎً ذﻟـك اﻟﺠﻬـد اﻟﺴـري اﻟﻤﺒـذوﻝ ﺒـﻴن أرﺒﻌـﺔ ﺠـد ارن. أﻤـﺎ
اﻟ َﻤﻌﻠم اﻟﺜﺎﻟث ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠرﺒﺘـﻪ ﻓﻬـو اﻟﻌـودة إﻟـﻰ أﺼـوﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺘﺘﻌﻨـت إﻻ ﺒﻤﻘـدار ﻤﺎﺘﺨـﺎف ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ
اﻟﻌرﺒﻴـﺔ أن ﺘﻨﺤـدر إﻟـﻰ أﺴـﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ أو أﺴـﺎﻟﻴب اﻟﻌﺎﻤﻴـﺔ اﻟﺼـﺤﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻴوﻤﻴـﺔ وﻫـﻲ ﻤﻤﺘﻠﺌـﺔ
ﻋدواﻨﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ وﻨﺤوﻫﺎ وﺤﺘﻰ ﺼرﻓﻬﺎ وﺼﻴﻐﻬﺎ ٬ ﻓﻬو أﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻌرﻩ ﺘﻠك اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻨـﺔ اﻟﻠﻐوﻴـﺔ

وﺤﺴن اﻟﺴﺒك واﺴﺘﺨدام طرق اﻟﻤﺠﺎز واﻟﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ وأوﻟﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻌروض.
إن ﺘﺠرﺒــﺔ ﺒــدر ﻛﺒﻴــرة ﺘﻘــوم ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴــﺎت ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀــﺔ ٬ ﻓﻔــﻲ اﻟﻌــﺎﻟم طرﻓــﺎن: اﻟﻤطﻠــق
واﻟواﻗــﻊ ٬ اﻟﺤﻴــﺎة واﻟﻤــوت ٬ اﻟﻨــور واﻟظــﻼم ٬ اﻟﻨﻌــﻴم واﻟﺠﺤــﻴم ٬ اﻟﺨﻴــر واﻟﺸــر ٬ وﻫﺎﺘــﺎن اﻟﻘوﺘــﺎن
اﻟﻤﺘﻀـﺎدﺘﺎن اﻟﻠﺘــﺎن ﺘﺠــذﺒﺎن اﻹﻨﺴــﺎن ﻨﺤــو اﷲ واﻟﺨﻴــر ٬ واﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴــﺔ ﻨﺤــو اﻟﺸــﻴطﺎن واﻟﺸــر ﻫــو
Anesthesia Management in A Newborn Baby with Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Agung Wibisana Anak Agung Gde , Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi  , I Putu Kurniyanta  
Published: August 2023

Background: In infants with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula, excessive salivation, coughing, choking, cyanosis, and regurgitation associated with attempts to eat may be seen, as well as aspiration of gastric contents. Thus difficulties encountered during anesthetic management include ineffective ventilation due to an endotracheal tube placed in the fistula, massive gastric dilatation, preexisting severe lung disease from aspiration of gastric contents and/or respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity, and associated anomalies, especially cardiac. This study aimed to discuss the anesthetic management of neonates with tracheoesophageal fistula.
Case presentation: The patient was a 12-day-old baby girl with type C tracheoesophageal fistula. Anesthesia was performed using general anesthesia. The procedure lasts 3 hours 15 minutes. The patient underwent closure of the esophageal fistula, repair of the trachea in the distal part of the tracheoesophageal fistula, and performed end-to-end anastomosis proximal and distal esophagus. Postoperatively the patient was treated at the neonatal intensive care unit on a ventilator and given a combination of opioid and non-opioid analgesics.
Conclusion: The key to successful anesthetic management in the operation of a patient with a tracheoesophageal fistula is airway management, where the ETT must be properly placed on the trachea and try not to get the ETT into the fistula.
Assessment of M15 Fuel on BS IV 2 and 3-Wheeler
Authors: Mohammad I Jamadar  , Sandeep D Rairikar  , Shailesh B. Sonawane  , Prasanna S. Sutar  , Debjyoti Bandyopadhyay  , Dr. S S Thipse  
Published: August 2023

Across the world, methanol is evolving as a clean, sustainable transportation fuel for the future. Methanol fuel is an alternative biofuel for internal combustion and other engines, either in combination with gasoline or independently. Methanol's high octane and oxygen content produces a cleaner burning gasoline which significantly reduces vehicle exhaust emissions. A lower boiling temperature for better fuel vaporization in cold engines, the highest H-C ratio for a lower carbon intensity fuel, and no Sulphur contamination which improves catalytic converter operation. In the paper, a study is carried out for the blend of 15% methanol (M15) with Gasoline on BS-IV vehicles and a comparison is done for the tailpipe emissions. A gap analysis of vehicles with E0 and M15 fuel is done with baseline emission testing along with full throttle performance of the vehicle to check the effect of oxygenated fuel (M15). The main purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of M-15 fuel on 2 and 3-wheeler vehicles in the as-is condition without any engine tuning and retaining the base gasoline (E0) settings.
Keywords: M15 fuel, methanol, BS IV, blended fuel, tailpipe emission, hygroscopic, 2 and 3-wheelers, mass emission, fuel economy, NOx
Tinjauan Pemungutan dan Perhitungan Terhadap Pajak Reklame Tahun 2021 Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor
Authors: Nevada Verrel Aurellia , Munawar Aang 
Published: August 2023

Latar belakang dalam penulisan Penelitian ini adalah Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor. Pajak Reklame memiliki berbagai macam prosedur pemungutan dan juga perhitungannya. Tujuan dari penulisan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana prosedur pemungutan Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor dan bagaimana perosedur perhitungan Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan daerah Kota Bogor, serta Pemungutan dan Perhitungan Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan Kota Bogor sesuai dengan prosedur pemerintahan atau tidak. Hasil pembahasan ini menunjukan bahwa prosedur pemungutan dan perhitungan Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor secara keseluruhan sudah mengikuti prosedur yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Hasil evaluasi dari Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa prosedur pemungutan dan perhitungan Pajak Reklame pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bogor telah berjalan lancar dan baik.

Kata Kunci: Pajak Reklame, Prosedur, Pemungutan, Perhitungan
Tinjauan Atas Sistem Akuntansi Penjualan Tunai pada Mini Market Primer Koperasi Subur Makmur Sentosa Bogor
Authors: Saputra Chara Aclesia , Pramiudi Udi , Hartanto Irwan 
Published: August 2023

Sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan tunai dan penerimaan kas merupakan salah satu sub sistem informasi akuntansi yang menjelaskan bagaimana seharusnya prosedur dalam melakukan kegiatan penjualan tunai dan penerimaan kas dari hasil penjualan, sehingga tindakan manipulasi terhadap penjualan dan penerimaan kas dapat dihindari. Tujuan penyusunan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Dokumen dan Laporan yang digunakan dalam Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan serta prosedur yang digunakan dalam SMS Mart. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa dengan adanya suatu sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan tunai, aktivitas penjualan pada minimarket diharapkan berjalan dengan baik. Selain itu, dengan adanya suatu sistem informasi akuntansi penjualan yang baik akan membantu memberikan informasi akurat bagi manajemen dalam dokumen, prosedur serta laporan, sehingga manajemen dapat mengambil keputusan guna melakukan penjualan secara tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan penjualan tunai pada penerimaan kas serta mengetahui kemajuan yang dicapai minimarket.
Keyword : Sistem informasi akuntansi, penjualan tunai
Analisis Sistem Akuntansi Penggajian Dan Pengupahan Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Sistem Pengendalian Internal
Authors: Astari Diana , Marlina Tri 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of the payroll and wage accounting system at PT Kakada Pratama and how the internal control system is implemented, at PT Kakada Pratama. The author conducted research at PT Kakada Pratama, which is located on Jl. Batutulis Gg. Jayatunggal No. 3 RT 04 / RW 03 Batutulis Village, South Bogor District, Bogor City 16133. The results showed that PT Kakada Pratama already has a payroll and wage accounting system, such as the documents used, the records used, related functions, and the procedures used. However, in its application to meet the elements and objectives of its internal control system, it still shows the weaknesses that occurred in PT Kakada Pratama so that it has not run well. This is characterized by the negligence of employees in the absence of fingerprints and barcodes, the absence of supervision of working hours to be compared with the time present as the basis for calculating employee salaries and wages, as well as the existence of function traps or parts in the application of payroll and remuneration at PT Kakada Pratama.

Keywords : accounting system, payroll and wage system, internal control system
Bauran Pemasaran Dalam Pembentukan Keunggulan Bersaing Pada Usaha Mikro Kuliner
Authors: Zaman Khairul , Mashadi Mashadi , Gendalasari Gen Gen 
Published: August 2023

The study aims to determine how the application of the Marketing Mix on Pecel Lele Konco Dewe forms its Competitive Advantages. This study was made to determine and analyze what marketing strategy is suitable for Pecel Lele Konco Dewe. The research method used in the form of SWOT analysis and descriptive analysis method using qualitative approach. Desciptive analysis is an analysis that is not in the form of numbers, but in the form of a series of information obtained and then dug deeper than the research result obtained. Therefore, as a writer, i must know the cirumstances, situations, and conditions that exist in Pecel Lele Konco Dewe and what internal and external factors affect the marketing strategy of Pecel Lele Konco Dewe. The data collection technique carried out by the author is to conduct interviews and direct observations on the owner of Pecel Lele Konco Dewe. In addition, to support the validity of this research, additional supporting data from reference books and the other sources related to this research are needed. The data obtained from the result of data collection and observation are then analyzed using SWOT analysis to find out what indicators are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the marketing strategy carried out by Pecel Lele Konco Dewe. Through the result of the analysis shown by the Cartesian diagram, Pecel Lele Konco Dewe’s positions is in quadrant I, which is to support an aggressive strategy with the implementation of a growth oriented strategy. The position in this quadrant is a very profitable position of Pecel Lele Konco Dewe where Pecel Lele Konco Dewe has the strength so that it can take advantage of the opportunies that exist as well possible.

Keyword: Marketing Mix, Competitive Advantages, and SWOT Analysis
Implementasi Prosedur Pengajuan Kredit Umum Pedesaan Pada Bank Rakyat Indonesia Unit Cijeruk
Authors: Lutfiah El Syifa , Suharmiati Suharmiati , Roestiono Harry , Effendy Marwan 
Published: August 2023

Procedures for applying for KUPEDES at the Operational Work Unit of BRI Bank Cijeruk Unit. Is one of the processes of providing small loans to community groups that have MSMEs with very easy requirements and a very fast process. With the hope that the debtor/borrower can increase his business to be even more developed. For this reason, this discussion aims to find out the procedure for submitting KUPEDES to PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cijeruk Unit. By forming a formulation of the problem regarding service requirements for credit applications, procedures for submitting KUPEDES, obstacles and how to overcome these obstacles. The results of the discussion show that the bank's intermediation function has been carried out properly, which is reflected in the amount of credit that has been distributed to the people of Bogor Regency, especially the Caringin and Cijeruk Districts. PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Cijeruk Unit continues to increase the growth of Rural General Credit by conducting promotions through socialization carried out by marketing.

Keywords: credit, credit procedures.