bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Cycling of Bacterial Particulate Organic Matter in the Upper Layer of the Western Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Guo Jinqiang , Zhou Bu , Achterberg Eric P. , Yuan Huamao , Song Jinming , Duan Liqin , Li Xuegang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBacterial metabolism largely drives the sequestration of refractory organic matter in the ocean. However, a lack of understanding exists regarding the abundance and reactivity of bacterial particulate organic matter (POM). Here we report the bacterial contributions to suspended POM collected in the oligotrophic Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). Around 27% of particulate organic carbon (POC) and ∼39% of particulate nitrogen (PN) in the surface ocean were derived from bacteria. Most of the bacterial POM (∼87%) was labile or semi‐labile, and ∼85% of bacterial POM was removed between depths of ∼100–300 m. Bacterial POM constituted only ∼8% and ∼13% of refractory POC and PN, respectively. The rapid cycling of bacterial POM in upper waters was likely related to oligotrophic conditions and facilitated by higher temperatures in the WPWP. Taken together, these observations indicate that bacterial POM plays a crucial role in supplying energy for bacterial respiration.
Tropical Cyclone Genesis Potential Indices in a New High‐Resolution Climate Models Ensemble: Limitations and Way Forward
Authors: Cavicchia L. , Scoccimarro E. , Ascenso G. , Castelletti A. , Giuliani M. , Gualdi S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenesis Potential Indices (GPIs) link the occurrence of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) to large‐scale environmental conditions favorable for TC development. In the last few decades, they have been routinely used as a way to overcome the limitations of climate models (GCM), whose resolution is too coarse to produce realistic TCs. Recently, the first GCM ensemble with high enough horizontal resolution to realistically reproduce TCs was made available. Here, we address the questions of whether GPIs are still relevant in the era of TC‐permitting climate model ensembles, and whether they have sufficient predictive skills. The predictive skills of GPIs are assessed against the TCs directly simulated in a climate model ensemble. We found that GPIs have poor skill in two key metrics: inter‐annual variability and multi‐decadal trends. We discuss possible ways to improve the understanding of the predictive skill of GPIs and therefore enhance their applicability in the era of TC‐permitting GCMs.
Extreme Smog Challenge of India Intensified by Increasing Lower Tropospheric Stability
Authors: Gautam Ritesh , Patel Piyushkumar N. , Singh Manoj K. , Liu Tianjia , Mickley Loretta J. , Jethva Hiren , DeFries Ruth S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtreme smog in India widely impacts air quality in late autumn and winter months. While the links between emissions, air quality and health impacts are well‐recognized, the association of smog and its intensification with climatic trends in the lower troposphere, where aerosol pollution and its radiative effects manifest, are not understood well. Here we use long‐term satellite data to show a significant increase in aerosol exceedances over northern India, resulting in sustained atmospheric warming and surface cooling trends over the last two decades. We find several lines of evidence suggesting these aerosol radiative effects have induced a multidecadal (1980–2019) strengthening of lower tropospheric stability and increase in relative humidity, leading to over fivefold increase in poor visibility days. Given this crucial aerosol‐radiation‐meteorological feedback driving the smog intensification, results from this study would help inform mitigation strategies supporting stronger region‐wide measures, which are critical for solving the smog challenge in India.
Electron Acceleration by Interaction of Two Filamentary Currents Within a Magnetopause Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Wang Shimou , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Burch J. L. , Cohen Ian J. , Jaynes A. N. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo types of filamentary currents (FCs) were observed inside a magnetic flux rope at the magnetopause by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. The first FC is identified as an electron vortex, while the other is a reconnecting current sheet. Stochastic electric fields were generated within the FCs, resulting in electron acceleration up to a few keV, similar to recent simulations of electron acceleration inside vortex, which is a second‐order Fermi acceleration. Furthermore, two FCs propagated at different speeds, causing compression in the region between them. Energetic electrons up to 200 keV were detected in the compressed region and displayed a double power‐law spectrum. Observations suggest that the electrons were mainly accelerated by betatron mechanism in the compressed region. The formation, evolution, and interaction of FCs provide a novel mechanism for electron acceleration. These results clearly show the significance of electron‐scale dynamics within flux rope.
The Most Effective Remote Forcing in Causing U.S.‐Wide Heat Extremes as Revealed by CESM Green's Function Experiments
Authors: Wu Yutian , Lu Jian , Ting Mingfang , Seager Richard , Liu Fukai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe make use of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 Green's function q‐flux perturbation experiments to explore the most effective remote forcing in driving U.S.‐wide summer heat extremes. We find that positive q‐flux forcing over the western North Pacific Ocean is the most effective in causing an increased heat extreme frequency. This works by driving increased sea surface temperature and precipitation over western North Pacific and an eastward propagating Rossby wave train with an anomalous ridge over the contiguous U.S. In comparison, negative q‐flux forcing over the eastern tropical Pacific and its resulting surface cooling also leads to an increased heat extreme frequency but is less effective. Furthermore, guided by the Green's function results, we separate the role of western North Pacific warming and eastern tropical Pacific cooling in U.S. heat extremes in prescribed sea surface temperature experiments and ERA5 reanalysis data and find overall consistent conclusions.
Localized Strong Warming and Humidification Over Winter Japan Tied to Sea Ice Retreat
Authors: Tamura K. , Sato T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEast Asian winter weather has altered dramatically in response to progressing climate change. However, analysis of time‐averaged atmospheric fields might obscure climate change signals that could relate to specific types of events. This study aimed to detect climate change signals for various background atmospheric fields by applying classification to daily surface pressure patterns. We found a pronounced trend of increase in surface air temperature over Japan since the 1980s, stronger than the seasonal mean trend, when dominating cold air advection from the Sea of Okhotsk. This cold air was warmed and humidified by the retreat of sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk. In contrast, the warming trend was mitigated when warm air advection was dominant. These results highlight the importance of daily background atmospheric conditions in amplifying and localizing the impact of regional climate change.
Evidence for Large Increases in Clear‐Air Turbulence Over the Past Four Decades
Authors: Prosser Mark C. , Williams Paul D. , Marlton Graeme J. , Harrison R. Giles 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClear‐air turbulence (CAT) is hazardous to aircraft and is projected to intensify in response to future climate change. However, our understanding of past CAT trends is currently limited, being derived largely from outdated reanalysis data. Here we analyze CAT trends globally during 1979–2020 in a modern reanalysis data set using 21 diagnostics. We find clear evidence of large increases around the midlatitudes at aircraft cruising altitudes. For example, at an average point over the North Atlantic, the total annual duration of light‐or‐greater CAT increased by 17% from 466.5 hr in 1979 to 546.8 hr in 2020, with even larger relative changes for moderate‐or greater CAT (increasing by 37% from 70.0 to 96.1 hr) and severe‐or‐greater CAT (increasing by 55% from 17.7 to 27.4 hr). Similar increases are also found over the continental USA. Our study represents the best evidence yet that CAT has increased over the past four decades.
Extreme Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit: Analysis of NS41 BDD‐IIR Data
Authors: Meredith Nigel P. , Cayton Thomas E. , Cayton Michael D. , Horne Richard B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRelativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt are a significant space weather hazard. Satellites in GPS‐type orbits pass through the heart of the outer radiation belt where they may be exposed to large fluxes of relativistic electrons. In this study we conduct an extreme value analysis of the daily average relativistic electron flux in Global Positioning System orbit as a function of energy and L using data from the US NS41 satellite from 10 December 2000 to 25 July 2020. The 1 in 10 year flux at L = 4.5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt, decreases with increasing energy ranging from 8.2 × 106 cm−2s−1sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 33 cm−2s−1sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 8.0 MeV. The 1 in 100 year is a factor of 1.1–1.7 larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event. The 1 in 10 year flux at L = 6.5, on field lines which map to the vicinity of geostationary orbit, decrease with increasing energy ranging from 6.2 × 105 cm−2s−1sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 0.6 MeV to 0.48 cm−2s−1sr−1 MeV−1 at E = 8.0 MeV. Here, the 1 in 100 year event is a factor of 1.1–13 times larger than the corresponding 1 in 10 year event, with the value of the factor increasing with increasing energy. Our analysis suggests that the fluxes of relativistic electrons with energies in the range 0.6 ≤ E ≤ 2.0 MeV in the region 4.25 ≤ L ≤ 4.75 have an upper bound. In contrast, further out and at higher energies the fluxes of relativistic electrons are largely unbounded.
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Authors: Li Xia , Li Chentao , Zhang Wanying , Wang Yanan , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAging is characterized by systemic chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by cellular senescence, immunosenescence, organ dysfunction, and age-related diseases. Given the multidimensional complexity of aging, there is an urgent need for a systematic organization of inflammaging through dimensionality reduction. Factors secreted by senescent cells, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), promote chronic inflammation and can induce senescence in normal cells. At the same time, chronic inflammation accelerates the senescence of immune cells, resulting in weakened immune function and an inability to clear senescent cells and inflammatory factors, which creates a vicious cycle of inflammation and senescence. Persistently elevated inflammation levels in organs such as the bone marrow, liver, and lungs cannot be eliminated in time, leading to organ damage and aging-related diseases. Therefore, inflammation has been recognized as an endogenous factor in aging, and the elimination of inflammation could be a potential strategy for anti-aging. Here we discuss inflammaging at the molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels, and review current aging models, the implications of cutting-edge single cell technologies, as well as anti-aging strategies. Since preventing and alleviating aging-related diseases and improving the overall quality of life are the ultimate goals of aging research, our review highlights the critical features and potential mechanisms of inflammation and aging, along with the latest developments and future directions in aging research, providing a theoretical foundation for novel and practical anti-aging strategies.
Targeted visual cortex stimulation (TVCS): a novel neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mode for improving cognitive function in bipolar disorder
Authors: Wang Dandan , Tang Lili , Xi Caixi , Luo Dan , Liang Yin , Huang Qi , Wang Zhong , Chen Jingkai , Zhao Xudong , Zhou Hetong , Wang Fei , Hu Shaohua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA more effective and better-tolerated site for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) is needed. The primary visual cortex (V1) may represent a suitable site. To investigate the use of the V1, which is functionally linked to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as a potential site for improving cognitive function in BD. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was used to locate targets in the V1 that had significant FC with the DLPFC and ACC. Subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups, namely, the DLPFC active-sham rTMS (A1), DLPFC sham-active rTMS (A2), ACC active-sham rTMS (B1), and ACC sham-active rTMS groups (B2). The intervention included the rTMS treatment once daily, with five treatments a week for four weeks. The A1 and B1 groups received 10 days of active rTMS treatment followed by 10 days of sham rTMS treatment. The A2 and B2 groups received the opposite. The primary outcomes were changes in the scores of five tests in the THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it) at week 2 (W2) and week 4 (W4). The secondary outcomes were changes in the FC between the DLPFC/ACC and the whole brain at W2 and W4. Of the original 93 patients with BD recruited, 86 were finally included, and 73 finished the trial. Significant interactions between time and intervention type (Active/Sham) were observed in the scores of the accuracy of the Symbol Check in the THINC-it tests at baseline (W0) and W2 in groups B1 and B2 (F = 4.736, p = 0.037) using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance approach. Group B1 scored higher in the accuracy of Symbol Check at W2 compared with W0 (p < 0.001), while the scores of group B2 did not differ significantly between W0 and W2. No significant interactions between time and intervention mode were seen between groups A1 and A2, nor was any within-group significance of FC between DLPFC/ACC and the whole brain observed between baseline (W0) and W2/W4 in any group. One participant in group B1 experienced disease progression after 10 active and 2 sham rTMS sessions. The present study demonstrated that V1, functionally correlated with ACC, is a potentially effective rTMS stimulation target for improving neurocognitive function in BD patients. Further investigation using larger samples is required to confirm the clinical efficacy of TVCS.
Oncotype DX results increase concordance in adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Licata Luca , Viale Giulia , Giuliano Mario , Curigliano Giuseppe , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Foldi Julia , Oke Oluchi , Collins Joseph , Del Mastro Lucia , Puglisi Fabio , Montemurro Filippo , Vernieri Claudio , Gerratana Lorenzo , Giordano Sara , Rognone Alessia , Sica Lorenzo , Gentilini Oreste Davide , Cascinu Stefano , Pusztai Lajos , Giordano Antonio , Criscitiello Carmen , Bianchini Giampaolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for ER+/HER2− early-stage breast cancers (eBC) involve integrating prognostic and predictive information which rely on physician judgment; this can lead to discordant recommendations. In this study we aim to evaluate whether Oncotype DX improves confidence and agreement among oncologists in adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations. We randomly select 30 patients with ER+/HER2− eBC and recurrence score (RS) available from an institutional database. We ask 16 breast oncologists with varying years of clinical practice in Italy and the US to provide recommendation for the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy and their degree of confidence in the recommendation twice; first, based on clinicopathologic features only (pre-RS), and then with RS result (post-RS). Pre-RS, the average rate of chemotherapy recommendation is 50.8% and is higher among junior (62% vs 44%; p < 0.001), but similar by country. Oncologists are uncertain in 39% of cases and recommendations are discordant in 27% of cases (interobserver agreement K 0.47). Post-RS, 30% of physicians change recommendation, uncertainty in recommendation decreases to 5.6%, and discordance decreases to 7% (interobserver agreement K 0.85). Interpretation of clinicopathologic features alone to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy results in 1 out of 4 discordant recommendations and relatively high physician uncertainty. Oncotype DX results decrease discordancy to 1 out of 15, and reduce physician uncertainty. Genomic assay results reduce subjectivity in adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations for ER +/HER2− eBC.
Roll-to-roll prelithiation of lithium-ion battery anodes by transfer printing
Authors: Yang Cheng , Ma Huachun , Yuan Ruichuan , Wang Kuangyu , Liu Kai , Long Yuanzheng , Xu Fei , Li Lei , Zhang Haitian , Zhang Yingchuan , Li Xiaoyan , Wu Hui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrelithiation can boost the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A cost-effective prelithiation strategy with high quality and high industrial compatibility is urgently required. Herein we developed a roll-to-roll electrodeposition and transfer-printing system for continuous prelithiation of LIB anodes. By roll-to-roll calendering, pre-manufactured anodes could be fully transfer-printed onto electrodeposited lithium metal. The interface separation and adhesion during transfer printing were related to interfacial shear and compressive stress, respectively. With the facile transfer-printing prelithiation, high initial Coulombic efficiencies of 99.99% and 99.05% were achieved in graphite and silicon/carbon composite electrode half cells, respectively. The initial Coulombic efficiencies and energy densities in full cells were observed to be significantly improved with the prelithiated electrodes. The roll-to-roll transfer printing provides a high-performance, controllable, scalable and industry-adaptable prelithiation in LIBs.
Somatic mutations of CADM1 in aldosterone-producing adenomas and gap junction-dependent regulation of aldosterone production
Authors: Wu Xilin , Azizan Elena A. B. , Goodchild Emily , Garg Sumedha , Hagiyama Man , Cabrera Claudia P. , Fernandes-Rosa Fabio L. , Boulkroun Sheerazed , Kuan Jyn Ling , Tiang Zenia , David Alessia , Murakami Masanori , Mein Charles A. , Wozniak Eva , Zhao Wanfeng , Marker Alison , Buss Folma , Saleeb Rebecca S. , Salsbury Jackie , Tezuka Yuta , Satoh Fumitoshi , Oki Kenji , Udager Aaron M. , Cohen Debbie L. , Wachtel Heather , King Peter J. , Drake William M. , Gurnell Mark , Ceral Jiri , Ryska Ales , Mustangin Muaatamarulain , Wong Yin Ping , Tan Geok Chin , Solar Miroslav , Reincke Martin , Rainey William E. , Foo Roger S. , Takaoka Yutaka , Murray Sandra A. , Zennaro Maria-Christina , Beuschlein Felix , Ito Akihiko , Brown Morris J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are the commonest curable cause of hypertension. Most have gain-of-function somatic mutations of ion channels or transporters. Herein we report the discovery, replication and phenotype of mutations in the neuronal cell adhesion gene CADM1. Independent whole exome sequencing of 40 and 81 APAs found intramembranous p.Val380Asp or p.Gly379Asp variants in two patients whose hypertension and periodic primary aldosteronism were cured by adrenalectomy. Replication identified two more APAs with each variant (total, n = 6). The most upregulated gene (10- to 25-fold) in human adrenocortical H295R cells transduced with the mutations (compared to wildtype) was CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase), and biological rhythms were the most differentially expressed process. CADM1 knockdown or mutation inhibited gap junction (GJ)-permeable dye transfer. GJ blockade by Gap27 increased CYP11B2 similarly to CADM1 mutation. Human adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) expression of GJA1 (the main GJ protein) was patchy, and annular GJs (sequelae of GJ communication) were less prominent in CYP11B2-positive micronodules than adjacent ZG. Somatic mutations of CADM1 cause reversible hypertension and reveal a role for GJ communication in suppressing physiological aldosterone production.
A graph-based genome and pan-genome variation of the model plant Setaria
Authors: He Qiang , Tang Sha , Zhi Hui , Chen Jinfeng , Zhang Jun , Liang Hongkai , Alam Ornob , Li Hongbo , Zhang Hui , Xing Lihe , Li Xukai , Zhang Wei , Wang Hailong , Shi Junpeng , Du Huilong , Wu Hongpo , Wang Liwei , Yang Ping , Xing Lu , Yan Hongshan , Song Zhongqiang , Liu Jinrong , Wang Haigang , Tian Xiang , Qiao Zhijun , Feng Guojun , Guo Ruifeng , Zhu Wenjuan , Ren Yuemei , Hao Hongbo , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Aiying , Guo Erhu , Yan Feng , Li Qingquan , Liu Yanli , Tian Bohong , Zhao Xiaoqin , Jia Ruiling , Feng Baili , Zhang Jiewei , Wei Jianhua , Lai Jinsheng , Jia Guanqing , Purugganan Michael , Diao Xianmin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSetaria italica (foxtail millet), a founder crop of East Asian agriculture, is a model plant for C4 photosynthesis and developing approaches to adaptive breeding across multiple climates. Here we established the Setaria pan-genome by assembling 110 representative genomes from a worldwide collection. The pan-genome is composed of 73,528 gene families, of which 23.8%, 42.9%, 29.4% and 3.9% are core, soft core, dispensable and private genes, respectively; 202,884 nonredundant structural variants were also detected. The characterization of pan-genomic variants suggests their importance during foxtail millet domestication and improvement, as exemplified by the identification of the yield gene SiGW3, where a 366-bp presence/absence promoter variant accompanies gene expression variation. We developed a graph-based genome and performed large-scale genetic studies for 68 traits across 13 environments, identifying potential genes for millet improvement at different geographic sites. These can be used in marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection and genome editing to accelerate crop improvement under different climatic conditions.