bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an expendable current profiler and simulation of passive sources
Authors: Zhou Keyu , Chen Guangyuan , Zhang Qisheng , Lin Zucan , Liu Yunliang , Jiang Xingyuan , Zhang Jinhang , Li Pengyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A common approach to ocean current measurement is to use a motion-induced electric field; this is the basic principle of the expendable current profiler (XCP). However, existing studies into XCPs have not explored indoor simulations of the ocean current environment or the implementation of attitude correction in the hardware. The accuracy of XCPs can be verified via indoor experiments and is affected by the sinking attitude. Therefore, in this study, we develop an XCP to measure ocean information in real time, and we correct the data for different XCP sinking attitudes. Furthermore, we design electromagnetic-induction-based laboratory measurements of simulated dynamic ocean currents. The signals collected by the XCP are linearly related to the copper-plated-power-supply signal. The processed data are compared and the feasibility of extracting ocean current signals via electrodes is verified through laboratory simulations of XCPs. Furthermore, we performed marine experiments in the South China Sea; the results indicate that the system is stable and easy to use. We implemented an expendable conductivity-temperature-depth system at the same location; the curve trends measured by the two probes were consistent, and the maximum error was found to be 0.5 °C. We expect this work to improve the quality of ocean current measurements and subsequent monitoring capabilities.
A new framework for the assessment of model probabilities of the different crystal plasticity models for lamellar grains in
α+β
Titanium alloys
Authors: Venkatraman Aditya , Mohan Soumya , Joseph V Roshan , McDowell David L , Kalidindi Surya R 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel framework for assessing the relative accuracy of the different slip transfer criterion in modeling the constitutive response of the lamellar morphology grains in

α
−
β

Titanium alloys. The main steps involved in the proposed framework include: (i) rigorous statistical evaluation of the salient morphological characteristics of the lamellar grains using image processing techniques, (ii) modeling the effects of dislocation slip transfer as additive penalties to the critical resolved shear strengths of the different slip systems in each phase, (iii) consideration of multiple geometric slip transfer criteria for the numerical evaluation of the different penalty terms, and (iv) the Bayesian calibration of the material parameters in the constitutive descriptions using spherical nanoindentation experimental data on a polycrystalline Ti-6Al-4V sample. Step (iv) described above involves the construction and refinement of a Gaussian process (GP) surrogate model for the indentation measurements, which is trained on crystal plasticity finite element simulations incorporating the constitutive descriptions selected in Steps (ii) and (iii). The GP surrogates are then combined with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques to calibrate the parameters in the various constitutive models studied in this work. Additionally, we have computed the posterior model probabilities for all the constitutive models considered and identified the most plausible slip transfer criterion. This specific constitutive model is then utilized to present a homogenized crystal plasticity model for the lamellar morphology. The proposed framework presents a robust scale-bridging protocol for incorporating the uncertain information obtained from lower scales.
On the contact electrification mechanism in semiconductor–semiconductor case by vertical contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: He Yue , Tian Jia , Peng Wenbo , Huang Danyang , Li Fangpei , He Yongning 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the speed of industrialization accelerating, the traditional energy is in the predicament of being exhausted. Humans urgently need a clean energy to maintain the peace and development. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a tiny device that collects and converts the renewable energy, such as wind, vibration and tidal/blue energy, into electrical energy. As the most significant working principle of TENG, contact electrification (CE) has been broadly studied since it was documented thousands of years ago. A large number of related researches are reported. However, most of them are focused on the polymer materials, device structures and potential applications. There are few literatures about the mechanism of CE, especially in the semiconductor–semiconductor case. Semiconductor–semiconductor CE is a promising method to generate electricity, which has been used in many fields, such as the photodetector and displacement sensor. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a serious and detailed theory in order to deeply explain the underlying mechanisms of semiconductor–semiconductor CE. In this work, a novel Fermi level model based on energy band theory is proposed to illustrate the semiconductor–semiconductor CE mechanism. By assembling a ZnO/Si vertical contact-separation (CS) mode TENG, the charge transfer introduced by CE is systematically measured. According to the energy band theory and TENG governing equation, the experimental data is qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of growth solutions on the morphology of ZnO nanowires and the Fermi level difference between ZnO and Si are explored as well. Results show that it is the Fermi level difference that dominates the short circuit transfer charge amount and direction of semiconductor–semiconductor CE mechanism. Our work can be applied to understand the CE mechanism in semiconductor–semiconductor case and broaden the application prospects of semiconductor-based TENG.
Inconsistent CT NSCLC radiomics associated with feature selection methods, predictive models and related factors
Authors: Ge Gary , Siddique Azmul , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. To investigate potential uncertainties in CT-based non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiomics associated with feature selection methods, predictive models, and their related factors. Approach. CT images from 496 pre-treatment NSCLC patients were retrospectively retrieved from a GE CT scanner. The original patient cohort (100%) was sampled to generate 25%, 50%, and 75% sub-cohorts to investigate potential impact of cohort size. Radiomic features were extracted from the lung nodule using IBEX. Five feature selection methods (analysis of variance, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, mutual information, minimum redundancy-maximum relevance, Relief) and seven predictive models (DT–decision tree, RF–random forest, LR–logistic regression, SVC–support vector classifier, KNN–k-nearest neighbor, GB–gradient boost, NB–Naïve-Bayesian) were included for the analysis. Cohort size and cohort composition (i.e. same sized cohorts with partially different patients) were investigated as factors related to feature selection methods. The number of input features and model validation methods (2-, 5-, and 10-fold cross-validation) were investigated for predictive models. Using a two-year survival endpoint, AUC values were calculated for the various combinations. Main results. Features ranked by different feature selection methods are not consistent and dependent on cohort size, even for the same methods. Two methods, Relief and LASSO, select 17 and 14 features from 25 common features to all cohort sizes, respectively, while other 3 feature selection methods have <10 features common to all cohort sizes. Feature rankings also highly depend on minor differences in cohort composition. AUCs for the 2100 tested combinations vary from 0.427 to 0.973. Among them, only 16 combinations achieve an AUC > 0.65. There is no clear path to reliable CT NSCLC radiomics. Significance. The use of different feature selection methods and predictive models can generate inconsistent results. This should be further investigated to improve the reliability of radiomic studies.
The PTB water calorimeter for determining the absolute absorbed dose to water in ultra-high pulse dose rate electron beams
Authors: Bourgouin Alexandra , Hackel Thomas , Kapsch Ralf-Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this investigation is to establish the water calorimeter as the primary standard in PTB’s ultra-high pulse dose rate (UHPDR) 20 MeV reference electron beams. Approach. The calorimetric measurements were performed at the PTB research linac facility using the UHPDR reference electron beam setups that enable a dose per pulse between about 0.1 Gy and 6 Gy. The beam is monitored by an in-flange integrating current transformer. The correction factors required to determine the absorbed dose to water were evaluated using thermal and Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements were performed with different total doses delivered per pulse by modifying the instantaneous dose rate within a pulse and by changing the pulse length. The obtained temperature–time traces were compared to the simulated ones to validate the thermal simulations. In addition, absorbed-dose-to-water measurements obtained using the secondary standard alanine dosimeter system were compared to measurements performed with the primary standard. Main results. The simulated and measured temperature–time traces were shown to be consistent, within combined uncertainties, with one another. Measurements with alanine dosimeters proved to be consistent within k = 1 of the total combined uncertainty with the absorbed dose to water determined using the primary standard. Significance. The total relative standard uncertainty of absorbed dose to water determined using the PTB water calorimeter primary standard in UHPDR electron beams was estimated to be less than 0.5%, and the combined correction factors were found to deviate from 1 by less than 1% for both PTB UHPDR 20 MeV reference electron beams. The water calorimeter is therefore considered to be an established primary standard for the higher energy UHPDR reference electron beams.
Experimental study of core MHD events in thousand-second improved confinement plasma on the EAST tokamak
Authors: Xu Liqing , Chu Yuqi , Lin Shiyao , Li Erzhong , Zhou Tianfu , Mai Chaowei , Huang Yueheng , Zang Qing , Zhang Bin , Wang Shouxin , Qian Jinping , Chao Yan , Duan Yanmin , Hu Liqun , Huang Yao , Liu Haiqing , Gong Xianzu , Song Yuntao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recently, stationary plasma with a world-record pulse length of 1056 s was achieved on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). In this work, the core magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) events as well as mode coupling processes have been investigated in EAST long pulse operation with electron heating dominant and pure radio frequency wave heating low collisionality, by using several diagnostics and the nonlinear numerical code M3D together. A saturated m/n = 1/1 kink mode was observed in the core region, where a stable internal transport barrier was found in the electron temperature channel. The frequencies and 2D structures of these modes were studied by a combination of soft X-ray (SXR) imaging and electron cyclotron emission diagnostics. The frequency of the m/n = 1/1 mode exhibited a feature of chirping down with time, and this chirping rate corresponds to the rate of electron diamagnetic drift frequency change. A twisted pattern (‘Taichi structure in shape’) was reconstructed by SXR tomography of the m/n = 1/1 mode. The perturbations of electron temperature and density caused by m/n = 1/1 are different in size, the latter one being much smaller. The destabilization of m/n = 1/1 was due to the strong central heating combined with electron cyclotron resonance heating and lower hybrid current drive. In the presence of the m/n = 1/1 mode, a negative current was generated on the magnetic axis, which anomalously broadened the core current profile. A m/n = 3/2 tearing mode triggered by m/n = 1/1 mode was also observed. The m/n = 3/2 mode has a smaller frequency than the m/n = 1/1 mode, and carries an m/n = 3/2 island with detectable size. A novel 3D MHD model that separately evolves the plasma density and temperature is applied to the m/n = 3/2 triggered by m/n = 1/1. It is found that a toroidal current density at the q = 1.5 surface, caused by non-axisymmetric density perturbation during the m/n = 1/1 nonlinear growth phase, was generated and hence the destabilization of the m/n = 3/2 tearing mode. Both the modeled electron temperature and density perturbations agree well with experimental observations. In the last section of this paper, the interaction between the m/n = 1/1 mode and fast electrons as well as the active control of this mode are also presented.
Research on active power filter technology
Authors: Zou Xianzheng , Sheng Yifa , Jiang Yiran 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A large number of power electronic devices used and transformed for the electrical energy in the grid has improved the characteristics and economic efficiency of the utility grid of the power system, but the nonlinear load components make the harmonic pollution in the grid more and more serious, which reduces the power quality of the power supply network. An active filter model based on ip-iq algorithm and PI control strategy is proposed and simulated to show that the filter can compensate for reactive power factor and harmonics and effectively suppress harmonics.
Study on Vibration Characteristics of Transformer Winding
Authors: Duan Minghui , Ma Hao , Wei Jufang , Liu Liqing , Ma Xiaoguang , Yao Chuang , Feng Junji , Zhang He 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Compared with the existing winding deformation detection technologies, such as the frequency response method and short-circuit reactance, the vibration analysis method can effectively detect the loose state of windings. This paper has carried out mechanism analysis and experimental study on the change of winding modal characteristics caused by two kinds of defects, analyzed the transmission characteristics of three-phase double winding transformer winding vibration in the transformer oil and structure, studied the influence of pad falling off, plastic deformation and other defects on the mechanical state of the winding, calculated the winding short-circuit vibration signals corresponding to different mechanical states, and extracted the vibration characteristics that can effectively reflect the mechanical state of the winding. The research conclusion can provide an important basis for transformer fault diagnosis.
Health status assessment of large complex equipment based on matter-element analysis of equipment historical service environment information
Authors: Guo Ming , Wu Fei , Li Biao , Zhu Min 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the level of basic manufacturing increases, large complex equipment often has a high reliability level, leading to a lack of failure data and a more difficult health status assessment. Equipment history service environment information is the natural environment in which the equipment is located, which has an important impact on the health status of the equipment. This paper proposes a method for evaluating the health status of large complex equipment based on a matter-element analysis model using equipment historical service environment information. It can integrate statistically obtainable environmental information, such as temperature and humidity, with non-statistically obtainable environmental information, such as salt spray and random shock, and jointly achieve a quantitative evaluation of the health status of the equipment. The evaluation results show that the method can better integrate the influence of incompatible environmental indicators on the health status of equipment, which is of great significance for making scientific and reasonable decisions on the maintenance of large complex equipment.
Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of R290 in Tubes
Authors: Ni Fengbing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In 2016, Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment stipulated that developed countries should reduce the consumption and production of HFCs from 2019 and that developing countries should start the reduction in 2029. New alternative refrigerants should have lower GWP to reduce negative effects on the environment. Propane (R290) is an efficient and clean energy fuel. It not only has a high calorific value, but also has the advantages of large reserves and light weight. However, it has high flammability, so it has not been applied in production extensively. Therefore, despite the possible applications for propane as a refrigerant, a limited quantity of heat transfer information can be found in the open literature. In this study, the boiling heat transfer of R290 in 1.5, 4.0 and 6.0 mm smooth tubes was experimentally studied in the existing literature, and draws some conclusions with the usage of comparative analysis method.
Design and Analysis of the Mechanical Structure of Land-Air Logistics UAV
Authors: Luo Jianfeng , Xiong Jiajie , Feng Tao , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the post-epidemic era, drone distribution has attracted increasing public attention because of its excellent contact-free characteristics and capacity to greatly improve the efficiency and reliability of material distribution. Combining land-air drones with logistics distribution, this design breaks through the limitations of the single-movement ability of traditional drones and land robots to fly in the air or move on the ground. Based on the collection and statistics of technical indicators related to logistics distribution, this paper focuses on the design of land-air conversion mode, and proposes an innovative land-air conversion mechanism composed of ball screw nut pair and multiple sets of gears to complete the design of the related mechanical structure of land-air logistics UAV. In addition, the mechanical system simulation of drones is carried out by ADAMS software. Moreover, the static and aerodynamic simulation analysis of UAVs is conducted by ANSYS software to optimize the overall structure.
Grounding Protection of flexible grounding systems Based on Polarization of Faulty Phase Voltage
Authors: Liu Xiao , Liu Cuicui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
At present, the grounding protection of flexible grounding systems mostly follows the common protection methods of the low-resistance grounding system, and there are problems of insufficient adaptability and utilization of fault information. In the paper, We analyze the fault characteristics of flexible grounding systems after grounding faults, find that when a high-impedance grounding fault happened, after the low-resistance is connected to the Petersen Coil, the phase characteristics between the zero-sequence of voltage and current of flexible grounding system is similar to that of low-resistance grounding system when grounding faults happened, at this time the faulty phase voltage amplitude is far more than the zero sequence voltage and the phases of the two are opposite. Based on this, a flexible grounding system grounding fault location method using the phase relation between zero sequence current of lines and faulty phase voltage is proposed. By taking advantage of the mature phase selection technology of the resonant grounding system, selecting the faulty phase in the compensation stage of the Petersen Coil. When the low-resistance is in parallel, the faulty phase voltage is used to compare the phase with the zero sequence current of lines, which solves the problem that the zero sequence voltage is weak and difficult to measure when the high impedance grounding fault occurs. Simulation experiments and field tests show that this method can improve the reliability of high-impedance grounding protection, and the method can be used as a backup protection for zero sequence overcurrent protection to meet field requirements.
Design of Seafood Freshness Detector based on Trimethylamine Gas Measurement
Authors: Wu Haiqin , Liu Huimin , Xing Delong , Li Fang , Chen Qiuyue , Jiang Weilong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Food safety has become an important concern to people’s healthy life, the project is based on the TGS2603 gas sensor module, a minimum STM32 microcontroller system, and release of food trimethylamine gas sensitive quick measurement, as a basis for judging the freshness of food. The device is minimized by integration to realize real-time detection of data, and the freshness of food is presented as a simple and clear data prompt. The design scheme has been tested and verified by the prototype, and the performance indexes meet the design functions and requirements, providing maximum convenience for difficult people who cannot judge whether the seafood is fresh or not.
Research on Transformer Equipment Identification Based on Improved Fast RCNN Algorithm
Authors: Liao Xiaohui , Liu Shanlu , Wang Yuhan , Cai Zhilong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Because of the problems such as the long work cycle and manual efficiency faced by the traditional manual inspection and video monitoring inspection methods of substations, this paper proposes an electrical equipment identification algorithm that improves the Fast RCNN network to realize automatic identification and positioning of electrical equipment. We used affine transformation, background fusion, hue and saturation change, clipping and filling methods to enrich images and change the feature extraction network from VGG16 to ResNet50 with residual structure so that the feature extraction network can focus on specific anchor frames, and then used K-means clustering algorithm in the regional recommendation network to increase the convergence speed of the model, in this way, the improved anchoring height-to-width ratio is more suitable for detecting the image of power equipment. The experimental simulation shows that the average detection accuracy of the improved model is better than that of the original model, with the average accuracy mAP reaching 90.04%, and the image detection speed reaching 11 frames/second.
Characteristics and Applicability of Line Selection of Non-solidly Grounding Fault in Paralleling Double-Circuit Distribution Lines on Different Buses
Authors: Gong Huichang , Sun Rongke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To improve power supply capacity and save land resources, a large number of single-circuit distribution lines have been transformed into double-circuit distribution lines. The influence of their complex coupling relationship on the characteristics of non-solidly grounding faults and the applicability of existing line selection methods are not yet clear. An equivalent model of small grounding fault in double-circuit line from different buses is established, and the influence of the line-to-line coupling on the fault characteristics of the grounding system and the applicability of the line selection methods are analyzed by it. The results show that: for the system with a grounding fault, the line-to-line coupling does not affect its zero-sequence voltage and current characteristics, and the existing line selection methods are still applicable; for the system without a grounding fault, the double-circuit line shows the characteristics of the faulty line, and the existing line selection methods are no longer applicable. Simulation is used to verify the results.