bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements and Strategies for Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Production in Yeast
Authors: Kumari Priya , Sharma Juhi , Khare Prashant 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecently, the biosynthesis of omega‐3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) in yeast has witnessed significant advancements. Notably, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play crucial roles in overall human growth, encompassing neurological development, cardiovascular health, and immune function. However, traditional sources of ω3 FAs face limitations such as environmental concerns. Yeast, as a genetically tractable organism, offers a promising alternative for its sustainable production. Recent advancements and strategies in yeast through metabolic engineering led to significant improvements in ω3 FA production, including the optimization of metabolic pathways, enhancement of precursor supplies, and manipulation of gene expression. Moreover, innovative bioprocess approaches, such as fermentation conditions and bioreactor design, have been devised to further maximize its yields. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent strategies in ω3 FA production within yeast systems, highlighting their contribution to meeting global ω3 FA demand while mitigating environmental impact and ensuring food security.
Kartogenin Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPSC Derived MSCs (iMSCs) and Improves Outcomes in an Osteochondral Defect Model in Male Rats
Authors: Chihab Samir , Khan Nazir M. , Eng Tracy , Doan Thanh , Kaiser Jarred M. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOsteochondral defects (OCD) pose a significant clinical challenge due to the limited self‐repair capacity of cartilage, leading to pain, joint dysfunction, and progression to osteoarthritis. Cellular implantations of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhanced with treatment of factors, such as small molecule Kartogenin (KGN) to promote chondrogenic differentiation, are promising but these cells often encounter hypertrophy during differentiation, compromising long‐term stability. Induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived MSCs (iMSCs) offer greater proliferative and differentiation capacity than MSCs and may provide a superior source of cells for cartilage repair. We hypothesized that treatment of iMSCs with TGFβ3 and KGN would enhance chondrogenic differentiation and that implanting these pellets into a rat OCD model would promote de novo cartilage regeneration and reduce pain behavior. We pellet cultured iMSCs derived from articular chondrocytes and treated with various conditions of TGFβ3 and KGN. We then assessed the in vivo performance of the pellets using a trochlear osteochondral defect in male Lewis rats. Co‐treatment of iMSC pellets with TGFβ3 and KGN showed more pronounced chondrogenic differentiation than sequential treatment and exhibited stronger expression of chondrogenic genes. Implantation of the TGFβ3/KGN‐treated iMSC pellets into OCD resulted in modest repair, as observed via gross morphology, effectively prevented the onset of joint hyperalgesia, and helped to maintain normal gait out to 12 weeks post‐implantation compared to untreated OCD rats. Our study highlights the potential of KGN to enhance iMSC pellet chondrogenesis, offering a scaffold‐free, cell‐based therapy that could simplify clinical translation and improve outcomes for patients with cartilage injuries.
Muscle Contraction Is Essential for Tendon Healing and Muscle Function Recovery After Achilles Tendon Rupture and Surgical Repair
Authors: Yoneno Moe , Minegishi Yuki , Takahashi Haruna , Takahata Kei , Miyamoto Himari , Usami Yuna , Kokubun Takanori 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIncomplete tendon healing and postponed muscle weakness after Achilles tendon rupture and surgical repair lead to poor performance in patient activities. Although the effectiveness of postoperative early functional rehabilitation has been proven, the priority and each effect of specific methods in early rehabilitation remain unclear. We hypothesized early muscle contraction exercises without joint motion would promote tendon healing and prevent calf muscle atrophy; in contrast, early static stretching after surgical repair would not contribute to tendon healing and induce calf muscle atrophy. C57Bl/6 mice underwent Achilles tendon rupture and suture repair, followed by different methods of post‐surgery interventions: a non‐exercise group, a Static stretching group, and an Electrical muscle stimulation group. 3 and 5 weeks after surgery, we assessed ex vivo tendon mechanical properties, collagen fiber alignment, and histological muscle properties. Electrical Muscle Stimulation restored the recovery of tendon mechanical properties and muscle strength more quickly than Static stretching. Static stretching had no additional effect on them compared to the non‐exercise. Our results suggested that calf muscle contraction was essential as a post‐surgery early functional rehabilitation to load tensile forces on tendons and improve Achilles tendon healing. Additionally, early muscle contractions naturally promote restoring muscle function after the rupture, but further research is needed to optimize muscle contraction protocols.
Colorectal Cancer and Quality of Life: A Medicare Advantage Study by Race, Ethnicity, and Language
Authors: Bakillah Emna , Rosenthal J. Walker , Syvyk Solomiya , Wirtalla Chris , Sharpe James , Merchant Raina M. , Mehta Shivan J. , Guerra Carmen E. , Kelz Rachel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and MethodsColorectal cancer (CRC) treatment can influence health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). This study examined HRQOL among older adults undergoing CRC treatment, and the conditional effects of race, ethnicity, and primary language. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare Advantage enrollees ≥ 65 years old who completed the Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) (2016−2020). The exposure group answered “Yes” to the current CRC treatment and the control group answered “No.” The primary outcomes were physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Conditional effects by race and ethnicity were analyzed using interaction terms.ResultsAmong 184 486 adults, 676 (0.4%) reported current CRC treatment. Those receiving treatment had significantly lower PCS scores (β coefficient −1.98, p < 0.001) and lower MCS scores (β coefficient −0.81, p = 0.018), compared to nontreatment. In the treatment group, Hispanic respondents and Spanish speakers had higher PCS scores (β coefficient 1.96, p = 0.019 and 3.19, p = 0.023, respectively), and respondents identifying as American Indian or Alaska Native had higher MCS scores (β coefficient 8.72, p = 0.016).ConclusionIndividuals receiving CRC treatment exhibit worse HRQOL. Outcomes differed by race and ethnicity. This study suggests the need to invest in targeted interventions to improve overall HRQOL during treatment for CRC.
Sequence of Chemotherapy May Not Impact Survival After Resection of Pancreatic Tail Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Chang Jenny , Gross Abby , Perlmutter Breanna , Naples Robert , Stackhouse Katherine , Augustin Toms , Joyce Daniel , Simon Robert , Schlegel Andrea , Walsh R. Matthew , Naffouje Samer A. , Parente Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of the body/tail is notably different than PDAC in the head of the pancreas. Surgery plus chemotherapy is known to improve outcomes for all PDAC. The sequence of this therapy is well studied in head cancers yet has never been evaluated systematically in relation to distal pancreatectomy (DP).MethodsPatients receiving DP for PDAC and who received chemotherapy were included. Patients were compared receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) only, adjuvant (AST) only, both NAST + AST, and who received total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), defined as > 24 weeks NAST before DP. PSM was performed 1:1 between AST and each other group creating quadruplets of patients for analysis. Matching factors were determined by multivariate cox‐regression analysis of factors independently affecting survival. Survival was considered from diagnosis and from surgery to account for potential biases.ResultsIn total, 4677 patients were selected with 400 (8.6%) receiving TNT, 536 (11.5%) NAST, 3235 (69.2%) AST, and 506 (10.8%) NAST + AST. A total of 341 quadruplets were selected after PSM. There were no differences in comorbidities, T/N‐stage, retrieved or positive lymph nodes, and margin status after matching. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in median OS between the matched treatment groups (33.71 ± 2.07 vs. 35.22 ± 1.62 vs. 32.53 ± 3.31 vs. 37.88 ± 1.90, respectively; log‐rank p = 0.464). Five‐year OS was not different between the groups (21% vs. 18% vs. 20% vs. 25%, respectively; p = 0.501).ConclusionThe sequence of chemotherapy and surgery did not impact survival in distal PDAC. Providers should tailor an individualized approach designed to maximize the chance of completing both treatments.
Biodiversity and Rock Exposure Ratio Jointly Affected the Ecosystem Multifunctionality of Karst Evergreen and Deciduous Broad‐Leaved Mixed Forest
Authors: Lu Lihong , Zeng Fuping , Zeng Zhaoxia , Du Hu , Zhang Chen , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs the climax community of karst in southwest China without human disturbance, the mechanisms through which biodiversity maintains ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) in evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved mixed forest are still unclear. This study employed structural equation modeling to analyze the correlations between EMF and three key variables: plant diversity, soil microbial diversity, and rock exposure ratio within this karst forest. Plant and soil microbial diversity were the main biotic drivers of EMF. Within these biotic factors, soil microbial diversity provided a preferable explanation for EMF compared to plant diversity, with fungal diversity and the co‐occurrence network complexity playing dominant roles. Functional, species, and phylogenetic diversity indices of plant explain the changes in EMF better than the community‐weighted mean of traits, indicating that the niche complementarity hypothesis holds greater relevance in explaining the biodiversity‐maintenance mechanism of EMF. Moreover, the rock exposure ratio directly affects EMF as well as indirectly through plant diversity. Collectively, soil microbial diversity, plant diversity, and rock exposure ratio account for 87% of the variability in EMF. Specifically, plant diversity, fungal diversity, and its co‐occurrence network complexity exerted a positive and direct impact on EMF, while bacterial diversity mainly affected EMF by positively contributing to fungal co‐occurrence network complexity. These findings emphasized the significance of comprehensive protection of aboveground and underground biodiversity and have strengthened our comprehension of the biodiversity‐maintenance mechanisms of EMF in karst forests.
Advanced Physical Layer Metasurface‐Empowered Cryptography with Robustness, High Capacity, and Enhanced Security
Authors: Gu Zhen , Xie Rensheng , Wang Yifeng , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Xiong , Zhang Hualiang , Gao Jianjun , Si Liming , Ding Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhysical layer metasurface‐empowered cryptography offers a novel approach to secure encryption. This study proposes an encryption method with robustness, high capacity, and enhanced security based on the dual‐band complex‐amplitude metasurface. By leveraging the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), both the secret message and the compressed digital signature are encrypted and transmitted together, eliminating codebook transmission and reducing security risks. The modified Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) scheme is employed to strengthen the security, fidelity, and robustness. Additionally, a three‐dimensional wavefront reconstruction algorithm is used to increase the encryption capacity, and a multivariate encryption key provides an extra layer of protection. A prototype metasurface sample is designed, fabricated, and characterized as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration. The measured results closely match the numerical ones and the design objective, confirming the viability and resilience of this high‐capacity, enhanced security encryption method for applications in anti‐counterfeiting and secure data transmission.
The Efficacy and Safety of Synchronized Radiofrequency and High Intensity Facial Electrical Stimulation in Improving Facial Skin Laxity and Quality in Asians
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Wannawittayapa Teerapat , Buranaporn Panyapat , Wanitphadeedecha Rungsima , Lizarondo Felix Paolo J. , Nokdhes Yanin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNoninvasive aesthetic procedures for facial rejuvenation are gaining popularity. Conventional treatments, such as radiofrequency (RF) and high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), primarily improve skin quality but do not address the deeper musculoaponeurotic structures that affect facial laxity. A novel approach that delivers synchronized RF with high intensity facial electrical stimulation (HIFES) thought to target both the skin and underlying musculoaponeurotic framework to effectively enhance facial laxity has been investigated.ObjectiveTo assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of combined synchronous RF and HIFES therapies in treating facial skin laxity among Asian subjects.MethodsIn this prospective, evaluator‐blinded study, 15 participants aged 40–65 years with mild to moderate facial skin laxity were enrolled. Each underwent four weekly treatments using a synchronized RF and HIFES system using noninvasive electrode applicators on the forehead and cheeks. Objective assessments included forehead and cheek lifting measurements using a 3D photographic system, eyebrow lifting measurement using ImageJ software, skin texture and melanin levels using Antera 3D®, and skin elasticity using Cutometer® MPA 580. Additionally, patients provided self‐assessments regarding their perceived level of improvement. Assessments were conducted at baseline, before the 3rd treatment, and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the last treatment.ResultsAll participants completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in forehead and cheek lifting sustained at 6 months (p < 0.0001). A significant eyebrow lift of 1.39 mm was observed at 3 months (p = 0.0087), with a sustained lifting distance of 1.31 mm at 6 months (p = 0.0021). Skin firmness improved substantially (p < 0.0001), with R0 (skin firmness) increasing by 81.24% at 6 months. Skin texture improved notably in the crow's feet area (13.82% improvement at 3 months, p = 0.049). Melanin levels decreased significantly in the crow's feet and forehead regions. Treatment was well tolerated, with pain scores decreasing from 3.5 ± 1.8 to 1.6  ± 1.0 by the fourth session. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionsCombined synchronous RF and HIFES therapy is a safe and effective Noninvasive method of improving facial skin laxity and quality in Asian subjects. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Alternative Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in the Treatment of Isolated Dystonic Syndromes: A Multicenter Experience‐Based Survey
Authors: Cif Laura , Limousin Patricia , Souei Zohra , Hariz Marwan , Krauss Joachim K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe globus pallidus internus (GPi) is the traditional evidence‐based deep brain stimulation (DBS) target for treating dystonia. Although patients with isolated “primary” dystonia respond best to GPi‐DBS, some are primary or secondary nonresponders (improvement <25%), showing variability in clinical response.ObjectiveThe aim was to survey current practices regarding alternative DBS targets for isolated dystonia patients with focus on nonresponders to GPi‐DBS.MethodsA 42‐question survey was emailed and distributed during a DBS conference to clinicians involved in DBS for dystonia. The survey covered (1) use of alternative DBS targets as primary or rescue options, (2) target selection based on dystonia phenomenology, (3) experience with secondary nonresponders to GPi‐DBS, and (4) management of patients with additional DBS leads.ResultsThe response rate was 53.8%, including neurologists and neurosurgeons from 28 DBS centers in 13 countries; 89% of neurologists and 86% of neurosurgeons used alternative DBS targets to GPi, with subthalamic nucleus being the most common initial or rescue alternative to GPi. Patients with additional tremor received DBS in the ventral intermediate nucleus or caudal zona incerta. Individual experience ranged from 5 to 25 patients. Most patients were still receiving dual target stimulation at the last follow‐up.ConclusionsWe show that more than 85% of surveyed clinicians use alternative DBS targets, mostly in some isolated dystonia patients not adequately responsive to GPi‐DBS. More knowledge is needed to evaluate outcomes in alternative targets and establish the best strategies for managing insufficient GPi‐DBS response in dystonia patients with diverse phenomenology. Our article contributes to establishing a clearer time frame and criteria for defining nonresponders in dystonia patients undergoing DBS.
Radial to Median Sensory Nerve Transfers to Restore Sensate Key Pinch: A Cadaveric Assessment of Size Match and Implications for Transfer
Authors: Schaeffer Christine V. , Menon Ambika , Chambers Spencer , Graf Alexander , Suh Nina , Ghareeb Paul 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss of key‐pinch sensation after median nerve injury poses significant functional detriment. Nerve transfers are utilized to improve function after nerve injury and size matching of donor and recipient nerves is important to optimize success. This anthropometric study investigates the anatomy of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) to the thumb and index finger and explores radial to median sensory nerve transfers, a necessary but not heavily discussed facet of nerve transfers for the hand.MethodsAnatomic dissection of SBRN in 15 cadaver hands was performed to assess variability in diameter and branching patterns based on nerve location. Dissection of the index radial and thumb ulnar digital nerves was performed to assess diameter based on location and calculate ideal size match for nerve transfer.ResultsAll specimen thumbs had 2 SBRN branches at the level of the metacarpal shaft and proximal phalanx; 87% had 2 index SBRN branches extending to the proximal phalanx. Index radial and ulnar SBRN branches were similar in diameter at all levels (p > 0.0167). There was a significant size mismatch between the individual SBRN branches and index digital at all measured levels (p < 0.0167). The thumb radial SBRN was significantly larger than ulnar SBRN (p = 0.006).ConclusionsOptimal size match for transfer involved transection of radial index SBRN 1 cm distal to the MCP joint and ulnar thumb SBRN 1 cm distal to the MCP joint. Consideration should be made for transfer of both index SBRN branches at the level of the MCP joint to improve size match. Corresponding digital nerves were transected 1 cm proximal to the level of SBRN harvest.
Dynamic change of polarity in spread through air spaces of pulmonary malignancies
Authors: Matsuura Yoshiaki , Onuma Kunishige , Coppo Roberto , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Kondo Jumpei , Miyagawa‐Hayashino Aya , Takeda‐Miyata Naoko , Kameyama Kenji , Furuya Tatsuo , Okada Satoru , Shimomura Masanori , Inoue Masayoshi , Inoue Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSpread through air spaces (STAS) is a histological finding of lung tumours where tumour cells exist within the air space of the lung parenchyma beyond the margin of the main tumour. Although STAS is an important prognostic factor, the pathobiology of STAS remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanism of STAS by analysing the relationship between STAS and polarity switching in vivo and in vitro. Histopathological analysis revealed that apical membranes were observed outside the STAS lesions around colorectal cancer (CRC) lung metastases and lung adenocarcinomas. When apical‐out CRC organoids were administered intratracheally to mice, the organoids had greater metastatic potential than did single cells. To investigate the pathobiology of STAS, we established an in vitro model of STAS in which CRC or lung cancer organoids were co‐cultured with 2D‐cultured mouse airway epithelial organoids (2D‐MAOs). Adhesion of cancer organoids to 2D‐MAOs was much less than to type I collagen or endothelial cells, suggesting a protective role of the airway epithelium against adhesion. Loss of the apical membrane of CRC organoids at the contact surface with 2D‐MAOs after adhesion was responsible for establishing adhesion. When airway epithelium was stimulated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1), adhesion of CRC organoids was enhanced. Among TGF‐β1‐induced genes in airway epithelium, follistatin‐like protein 1 (FSTL1) increased CRC organoid adhesion by promoting loss of the apical membrane. These results suggested that TGF‐β1‐induced FSTL1 may promote metastatic progression of STAS by altering the polarity status. Elucidating the mechanism of STAS could contribute to the improvement of survival in patients with pulmonary malignancies associated with STAS. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Silencing GRHL3 promotes multiple organ distant metastasis of lung squamous cell carcinoma cells by enhancing SOX2 stability via SIRT1
Authors: Li Zhanzhan , Yang Baishuang , Long Meihua , Chen Jiarong , Zhi Yaofeng , Li Ronggang , Cao Lixue , Yang Shasha , Sun Jingyi , Meng Zijie , Wu Wanting , Mai Yanyang , Zhang Xin , Huang Yanming , Chen Qiong , Liu Aibin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAberrant expression of grainyhead‐like transcription factor 3 (GRHL3) has been extensively reported in the development and progression of several squamous cell carcinomas, such as cutaneous, head and neck, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the clinical significance and biological roles of GRHL3 in lung squamous cell (LUSC) carcinoma are largely unclear. Herein, we report that GRHL3 was significantly upregulated in lung squamous epithelium of LUSC tissues, bronchiole, and bronchus. Moreover, expression levels of GRHL3 were decreased with the advance of pathological grade, and low GRHL3 level presented poor overall survival and short progression‐free and distant metastasis‐free survival in LUSC patients but had no prognostic significance in LUAD patients. Functional experiments in vivo showed that downregulating GRHL3 promoted not only lung colonization and growth but also multiple organ distant metastasis of LUSC cells, including bone, brain, and liver. Moreover, silencing GRHL3 promoted anoikis resistance and cancer stem cell (CSCs) characteristics of LUSC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, silencing GRHL3 stabilized SOX2 via SIRT1‐mediated decreasing acetylation and subsequent ubiquitination‐dependent degradation in LUSC cells. Thus, in‐depth understanding of the underlying mechanism of GRHL3 in the progression of LUSC will facilitate the development of prognostic biomarker and therapeutic avenues against LUSC, which will present favorable prospects in improving outcomes of LUSC patients. © 2025 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.