bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Q Nanophotonics over the Full Visible Spectrum Enabled by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Metasurfaces
Authors: Kühner Lucca , Sortino Luca , Tilmann Benjamin , Weber Thomas , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Maier Stefan A. , Tittl Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll‐dielectric optical metasurfaces with high quality (Q) factors have been hampered by the lack of simultaneously lossless and high‐refractive‐index materials over the full visible spectrum. In fact, the use of low‐refractive‐index materials is unavoidable for extending the spectral coverage due to the inverse correlation between the bandgap energy (and therefore the optical losses) and the refractive index (n). However, for Mie resonant photonics, smaller refractive indices are associated with reduced Q factors and low mode volume confinement. Here, symmetry‐broken quasi bound states in the continuum (qBICs) are leveraged to efficiently suppress radiation losses from the low‐index (n ≈ 2) van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), realizing metasurfaces with high‐Q resonances over the complete visible spectrum. The rational use of low‐ and high‐refractive‐index materials as resonator components is analyzed and the insights are harnessed to experimentally demonstrate sharp qBIC resonances with Q factors above 300, spanning wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm from a single hBN flake. Moreover, the enhanced electric near fields are utilized to demonstrate second‐harmonic generation with enhancement factors above 102. These results provide a theoretical and experimental framework for the implementation of low‐refractive‐index materials as photonic media for metaoptics.
Bioinspired Self‐Growing Hydrogels by Harnessing Interfacial Polymerization
Authors: Jian Nannan , Guo Rui , Zuo Lei , Sun Yibo , Xue Yu , Liu Ji , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe production of natural materials is achieved through a bottom‐up approach, in which materials spontaneously grow and adapt to the external environment. Synthetic materials are specifically designed and fabricated as engineered materials; however, they are far away from these natural self‐growing attributes. Thus, design and fabrication of synthetic material systems to replicate the self‐growing characteristics of those natural prototypes (i.e., hairs and nails) remains challenging. Inspired by the self‐growing behaviors of keratin proteins, here the fabrication of synthetic hydrogels (i.e., polyacrylamide (PAAm)) from the free radical polymerization at the interface between AAm precursor solution and liquid metals (i.e., eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn)) is reported. The newly formed hydrogel materials at the EGaIn/AAm precursor interface gradually push the whole hydrogel upward, enabling the self‐growing of these synthetic hydrogel materials. This work not only endows the fabrication of synthetic materials with unprecedented self‐growing characters, but also broadens the potential applications of self‐growing materials in actuation and soft robotics.
Aqueous Two‐Phase Enabled Low Viscosity 3D (LoV3D) Bioprinting of Living Matter
Authors: Becker Malin , Gurian Melvin , Schot Maik , Leijten Jeroen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEmbedded 3D bioprinting has great value for the freeform fabrication of living matter. However, embedded 3D bioprinting is currently limited to highly viscous liquid baths or liquid‐like solid baths. In contrast, prior to crosslinking, most hydrogels are formulated as low‐viscosity solutions and are therefore not directly compatible with bioprinting due to low shape fidelity and poor print stability. The authors here present a method to enable low‐viscosity ink 3D (LoV3D) bioprinting, based on aqueous two‐phase stabilization of the ink‐bath interface. LoV3D allows for the printing of living constructs at high extrusion speeds (up to 1.8 m s−1) with high viability due to its exceedingly low‐viscosity. Moreover, LoV3D liquid/liquid interfaces offer unique advantages for fusing printed structures, creating intricate vasculature, and modifying surfaces at higher efficiencies than traditional systems. Furthermore, the low interfacial tension of LoV3D bioprinting offers unprecedented nozzle‐independent control over filament diameter via large‐dimension strand‐thinning, which allows for the printing of an exceptionally wide range of diameters down to the width of a single cell. Overall, LoV3D bioprinting is a unique all‐aqueous approach with broad material compatibility without the need for rheological ink adaption, which opens new avenues of application in cell patterning, drug screening, engineered meat, and organ fabrication.
Inner‐coated highly selective thin film nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes for the mixture gas separation
Authors: Ingole Pravin G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyamide‐based thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes were prepared by incorporating nanoparticles in an aqueous phase containing m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) and an organic phase containing trimesoyl chloride (TMC) by interfacial polymerization (IP) method. The 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane grafted mesoporous synthetic hectorite (APTMSH) was synthesized and added in an aqueous monomer solution while the IP. In this work, the TFN layer interfacial compatibility has been enhanced by building the covalent bond between APTMSH and other two monomers by IP method. The coating of the TFN selective layer was done on the inner surface of polysulfone hollow fiber membranes. The interesting results were obtained for the binary mixture gas separation containing water vapor/N2 and CO2/CH4. Improved gas permeance and selectivity have been obtained using APTMSH‐incorporated TFN membranes. The developed TFN membranes have been characterized using several physicochemical methods. The results show that with the addition of APTMSH in MPD solution up to 0.5 w/w% the best water vapor permeance 2485 GPU and CO2 permeance 22.3 GPU were obtained along with water vapor/N2 selectivity 725.5 and CO2/CH4 selectivity 26.68 respectively through APTMSH@TFN‐3 membrane.
Effects of icariin and curcumol on autophagy, ferroptosis, and lipid metabolism based on miR‐7/m‐TOR/SREBP1 pathway on prostate cancer
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Ding Jin , Li Bonan , Sun Tiansong , You Xujun , He Qinghu , Sheng Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of icariin (ICA) and curcumol on autophagy, ferroptosis, and lipid metabolism in prostate cancer (PCa), in vitro and in vivo. Normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE‐1 and PCa cell lines DU145 and PC‐3 were treated with ICA and curcumol. Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) or 3‐MA was added to treat DU145 and PC‐3 cells. In addition, we knocked down miR‐7. The mechanism of ICA and curcumol in PCa cells after the knockdown of miR‐7 was verified by in vitro nude mice tumorigenesis experiments. ICA and curcumol had no significant effect on the viability of RWPE‐1 cells, but there was a significant difference between DU145 and PC‐3 cells. After treatment with ICA and curcumol, the proliferation of PCa cells was inhibited, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and miR‐7 expression were increased. The combined treatment of ICA and curcumol had a more significant effect. ICA and curcumol treatment induced autophagy and ferroptosis in PCa cells, and si‐miR‐7 reversed the effects of ICA and curcumol on autophagy and ferroptosis. MiR‐7 targeted mTOR and regulated the expression of the mTOR/SREBP1 pathway in PCa cells. ICA and curcumol may affect the lipid metabolism of PCa cells by affecting SREBP1. In addition, the effects and mechanisms of ICA and curcumol on autophagy, ferroptosis, and lipid metabolism in PCa cells were verified in vivo. ICA and curcumol synergistically regulated the miR‐7/mTOR/SREBP1 pathway to induce autophagy and ferroptosis in PCa cells and affected lipid metabolism.
Characterization and implications of host‐cell protein aggregates in biopharmaceutical processing
Authors: Oh Young Hoon , Becker Matthew L. , Mendola Kerri M. , Choe Leila H. , Min Lie , Lee Kelvin H. , Yigzaw Yinges , Seay Alexander , Bill Jerome , Li Xuanwen , Roush David J. , Cramer Steven M. , Menegatti Stefano , Lenhoff Abraham M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the production of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines, the residual amounts of host‐cell proteins (HCPs) are among the critical quality attributes. In addition to overall HCP levels, individual HCPs may elude purification, potentially causing issues in product stability or patient safety. Such HCP persistence has been attributed mainly to biophysical interactions between individual HCPs and the product, resin media, or residual chromatin particles. Based on measurements on process streams from seven mAb processes, we have found that HCPs in aggregates, not necessarily chromatin‐derived, may play a significant role in the persistence of many HCPs. Such aggregates may also hinder accurate detection of HCPs using existing proteomics methods. The findings also highlight that certain HCPs may be difficult to remove because of their functional complementarity to the product; specifically, chaperones and other proteins involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR) are disproportionately present in the aggregates. The methods and findings described here expand our understanding of the origins and potential behavior of HCPs in cell‐based biopharmaceutical processes and may be instrumental in improving existing techniques for HCP detection and clearance.
Rapid prototyping enzyme homologs to improve titer of nicotinamide mononucleotide using a strategy combining cell‐free protein synthesis with split GFP
Authors: Yuan Qingyan , Wu Minhui , Liao Yibo , Liang Shuli , Lu Yuan , Lin Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEngineering biological systems to test new pathway variants containing different enzyme homologs is laborious and time‐consuming. To tackle this challenge, a strategy was developed for rapidly prototyping enzyme homologs by combining cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) with split green fluorescent protein (GFP). This strategy featured two main advantages: (1) dozens of enzyme homologs were parallelly produced by CFPS within hours, and (2) the expression level and activity of each homolog was determined simultaneously by using the split GFP assay. As a model, this strategy was applied to optimize a 3‐step pathway for nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) synthesis. Ten enzyme homologs from different organisms were selected for each step. Here, the most productive homolog of each step was identified within 24 h rather than weeks or months. Finally, the titer of NMN was increased to 1213 mg/L by improving physiochemical conditions, tuning enzyme ratios and cofactor concentrations, and decreasing the feedback inhibition, which was a more than 12‐fold improvement over the initial setup. This strategy would provide a promising way to accelerate design‐build‐test cycles for metabolic engineering to improve the production of desired products.
Targeting immune checkpoints: how to use natural killer cells for fighting against solid tumors
Authors: Ghaedrahmati Farhoodeh , Esmaeil Nafiseh , Abbaspour Maryam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are unique innate immune cells that mediate anti‐viral and anti‐tumor responses. Thus, they might hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. NK cell adoptive immunotherapy in humans has shown modest efficacy. In particular, it has failed to demonstrate therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of solid tumors, possibly due in part to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which reduces NK cell immunotherapy's efficiencies. It is known that immune checkpoints play a prominent role in creating an immunosuppressive TME, leading to NK cell exhaustion and tumor immune escape. Therefore, NK cells must be reversed from their dysfunctional status and increased in their effector roles in order to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. Blockade of immune checkpoints can not only rescue NK cells from exhaustion but also augment their robust anti‐tumor activity. In this review, we discussed immune checkpoint blockade strategies with a focus on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐NK cells to redirect NK cells to cancer cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
New Fields, New Opportunities and New Challenges: Circularly Polarized Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Xu Yincai , Wang Qingyang , Song Xiaoxian , Wang Yue , Li Chenglong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials that concurrently exhibit high efficiency and narrowband emission are extremely promising applications in 3D and wide color gamut display. By merging the CPL optical property and multiple resonance (MR) induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristic into one molecule, a new strategy, namely CP‐MR‐TADF, is proposed to generate organic emitters with CPL activity, TADF and narrowband emission. High‐performance red, green and blue CP‐MR‐TADF emitters have been developed following this strategy. Herein, the present status and progress of CP‐MR‐TADF materials in the field of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is summarized. Finally, for this rapidly growing new research field, the future opportunities are forecasted and the present challenges are discussed.
A Enamide‐Based Diastereoselective Synthesis of Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinolin‐11(5H)‐ones with Three Contiguous Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Halaczkiewicz Miro , Kelm Harald , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinolin‐11(5H)‐ones containing three contiguous stereogenic centers is described. This Lewis‐acid mediated reaction of enamides with N‐aryl‐acylimines affords the desired fused heterocyclic isoindolinones in high yields and diastereoselectivities. Scope and limitations of this method are discussed. The stereochemical outcome of this transformation indicates a stepwise reaction pathway.
Synthesis and Properties of Bis(naphthofuran)‐Fused [7]Helicene Derivatives
Authors: Hashmi Yuttawat , Thongpanchang Tienthong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNovel benzo[1,2‐b:4,3‐b′]dinaphthofuran (oxa[7]helicene) with various substituents in the central ring were designed and successfully synthesized based on the late stage central ring formation strategy from naphthofuranoneby using an efficient McMurry coupling or Friedel‐Crafts acylation. The photochemical properties of helicenes were evaluated by UV‐Visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, while electrochemical behaviour including their energy profile were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. According to the computational study, substituents on the central ring could influence both electron delocalization and MO distribution of oxa[7]helicenes resulting in the change in charge transporting ability. In comparison to the parent carbo[7]helicene, the furan unit in conjunction with substituents on helical system caused the bathochromic shift with different absorption pattern and exhibited higher fluorescence quantum yield (ϕf up to 0.63). These new materials showed promising characteristics in optoelectronic application.
The Cardiff Self‐Injury Inventory (English version): Convergent validity and psychometric properties
Authors: Snowden Robert J. , Tiley Olivia , Gray Nicola S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Cardiff Self‐Injury Inventory (CSII) is a short (1 min), relatively nonintrusive, measure of previous self‐injury behaviors written in English. It measures self‐injury with suicidal intent and without such intent, covers actions versus thoughts, and has two time periods (lifetime vs recent [defined as the last 3 months]). The study aimed to examine its psychometric properties and its relationship to more well‐established measures.MethodsA UK community sample of 184 participants completed the CSII and two other measures of self‐harming (Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory [DSHI] and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire–Revised [SBQ‐R]) in March 2020–May 2020. Fifty participants also repeated these measurements 1–2 weeks later.ResultsThe CSII showed strong psychometric properties with internal reliability of 0.87 and a test–retest of 0.82. The subscales also showed strong psychometric properties. The CSII showed strong concurrent validity to the other measures of self‐injury (SBQ‐R, r = 0.70; DSHI, r = 0.81). A factor analysis supported the idea that there are two distinct components to the overall CSII score arising due to the distinction between suicidal and nonsuicidal behaviors.ConclusionThe CSII has good psychometric properties in this population and can be used as a fast, nonintrusive, measure of different self‐injurious behaviors for clinical or research purposes.
Antibacterial and biocompatible polyaniline‐doped titanium oxide layers
Authors: Ali Aya , Chowdhury Sheetal , Carr Mary A. , Janorkar Amol V. , Marquart Mary , Griggs Jason A. , Bumgardner Joel D. , Roach Michael D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTitanium anodization has been shown to produce crystalline oxides exhibiting photocatalytic reactions that form reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to UV light. The ROS subsequently attack bacteria cells, and thus reduce bacteria attachment on titanium implant surfaces. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer that has shown antibacterial properties when electropolymerized onto titanium. Our research group hypothesized the addition of PANI to crystalline titanium oxide surfaces would increase the available free electrons and thus increase photocatalytic activity (PCA). This research led to the development of a novel single‐step anodization approach for PANI doping crystalline titanium oxide layers. The objective of the present study was to determine the proper aniline electrolyte concentration needed to maximize the PCA and reduce bacterial attachment on the formed oxides. Aniline concentrations up to 1 M were added into a 1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte. The formed oxides exhibited increased PANI surface coverage but decreased anatase and rutile crystalline titanium oxide phase formation with increasing aniline electrolyte concentrations. Despite exhibiting the lowest levels of anatase and rutile formation, the 0.75 M and 1 M aniline oxides with the greatest PANI surface coverage also exhibited the highest PCA levels. 1 M aniline oxides showed significantly higher PCA under UVA irradiation compared to oxides formed from aniline concentrations up to 0.5 M (p < 0.001). 0.75 M aniline oxides exhibited significant reductions in Staphylococcus aureus attachment with or without UVA irradiation compared to control oxides without PANI. MTT and live/dead assays confirmed cytocompatibility and nearly 100% cell viability for the PANI doped oxides.
Cyclo‐glycylproline attenuates hydrogen peroxide‐induced cellular damage mediated by the MDM2‐p53 pathway in human neural stem cells
Authors: Murotomi Kazutoshi , Kagiwada Harumi , Hirano Kazumi , Yamamoto Shoko , Numata Noriaki , Matsumoto Yo , Kaneko Hidekazu , Namihira Masakazu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCyclo‐glycylproline (cGP), a cyclic dipeptide containing a condensation bond between glycine and proline, is produced by the cyclization of the N‐terminal tripeptide of insulin‐like growth factor‐1. Previous studies have shown that cGP administration exerts a neuroprotective effect and enhances the regenerative ability in rats with ischemic brain injury. The efficacy of cGP is medicated by regulating the bioavailability of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cGP on brain damage remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the cGP‐mediated molecular mechanism in human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) exposed to oxidative stress, which is a key factor affecting the development of several brain diseases, including traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. We found that cGP treatment attenuated oxidative stress‐induced cell death in cultured hfNSCs in a dose‐dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that under oxidative stress conditions, p53‐mediated signaling was activated, accompanied by upregulation of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), a p53‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, in cGP‐treated hfNSCs. By using a comprehensive protein phosphorylation array, we found that cGP induced the activation of Akt signaling pathway, which enhanced the expression of MDM2, in hfNSCs exposed to oxidative stress. Moreover, the MDM2 inhibitor nutlin‐3 inhibited the protective effect of cGP on oxidative stress‐induced cell death and apoptosis. Therefore, cGP attenuates oxidative stress‐induced cell death mediated by the interplay between IGF‐1 signaling and the MDM2‐p53 pathway in human NSCs. We revealed the molecular mechanism underlying cGP‐induced neuroprotective properties in a model of brain damage.
Technical note: Temporal and thermal stability of optical response for silicone‐based 3D radiochromic dosimeters
Authors: Valdetaro Lia Barbosa , Jensen Morten Bjørn , Muren Ludvig Paul , Skyt Peter Sandegaard , Petersen Jørgen Breede Baltzer , Balling Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiochromic silicone‐based dosimeters are flexible 3D dosimeters, which at appropriate concentration of leucomalachite green (LMG) and curing agent are dose‐rate independent for clinical photon beams. However, their dose response is based on chemical processes that can be influenced by temporal and thermal conditions, impacting measurement stability.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the temporal stability of the dose response of radiochromic dosimeters for different curing times and post‐irradiation storage temperatures.MethodsSix cylindrical dosimeters (5 cm diameter, 5 cm length) were produced in a single batch and separated into two groups that were irradiated 72 and 118 h after production. The same photon plan, consisting of two 10 × 1.6 cm2 opposing fields, was delivered to all dosimeters. After irradiation, the dosimeters were separated into three groups, stored at 5°C, 15°C, and 20°C, and read out for five consecutive days.ResultsStorage temperature influenced the measurement stability, and changes in the optical response with time differed between irradiated and non‐irradiated parts of the dosimeters. The relative change between signal and background was greater than 10% for all measurements performed 24 h or more after irradiation, except for dosimeters stored at 5°C, which changed by 2%–5% after 24 h. The dosimeter temporal stability was not influenced by curing time.ConclusionsFor room temperature storage (15°C and 20°C), readout should take place as soon as possible after irradiation since the background color increased rapidly for both curing times (72 and 118 h), whereas the dosimeters are stored at 5°C, readout can be performed up to 24 h after.