bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Import and quality control of peroxisomal proteins
Authors: Rudowitz Markus , Erdmann Ralf 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Peroxisomes are involved in a multitude of metabolic and catabolic pathways, as well as the innate immune system. Their dysfunction is linked to severe peroxisome-specific diseases, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the ability of peroxisomes to fulfill their many roles in the organism, more than 100 different proteins are post-translationally imported into the peroxisomal membrane and matrix, and their functionality must be closely monitored. In this Review, we briefly discuss the import of peroxisomal membrane proteins, and we emphasize an updated view of both classical and alternative peroxisomal matrix protein import pathways. We highlight different quality control pathways that ensure the degradation of dysfunctional peroxisomal proteins. Finally, we compare peroxisomal matrix protein import with other systems that transport folded proteins across membranes, in particular the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system and the nuclear pore.
Customer Experience Management - the Mantra for Success
Authors: Raju J K , Walavalkar Deepali 
Published: August 2023

The past decade has seen several changes in the business environment and markets are flooded with several me-too brands making the consumer perplexed and further increasing his search time. With new brands encroaching the mind space of the customers and displacing the existing ones, the only differentiator the brands can rely on for lasting advantage is the experience that lingers in the customer's head.
Providing a meaningful experience is a challenging task for companies and they need to incorporate a CEM (customer experience management) culture by managing their customer, brand and their operational processes. CEM would not be possible without managing employee experience because they act as an interface between the company and the customer. It is also important to gain insights regarding perceptions of customers through research, so that changes can be incorporated to improve experiences in the future. In order to achieve strategic advantage organisations need to adopt policies and strategies that promote and enhance the experience environment.
efficacy of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: a review
Authors: Rodzajewska Anna , Kuryło Weronika 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, multifocal, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an autoimmune basis. There is a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the onset of multiple sclerosis and a more severe course of the disease and more severe comorbid symptoms. Many studies have investigated vitamin D supplementation to compensate for low 25(OH)D levels in MS patients.
Methods of research: A literature review was conducted based on PubMed, Google Scholar databese. Articles were researched using following keywords: multiple sclerosis; vitamin D; multiple sclerosis prevention; vitamin D deficiency.
The results: The results of these studies have provided important information on the safety and efficacy of vitamin D therapy in MS. Dietary vitamin D supplementation can therefore serve as a prevention of MS and as an adjunct to traditional MS therapy. However, it is important to emphasize the need to assess the risks and benefits individually for each patient.
Nutrients deficiencies in patients with autism spectrum disorder, role of folic acid and vitamin D3 - review of literature
Authors: Małachowska Dominika , Świercz Aleksandra , Żurek Urszula , Tołwiński Ignacy , Kędzierska Zofia , Antkowiak Klaudia , Dadas Klaudia , Ciecierski-Koźlarek Hubert , Shved Kateryna 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose: This article will discuss the relationship between nutrition deficiency, focusing on folic acid and vitamin D3 and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Research suggests that nutrient deficiencies play a role in the development and progression of autism. This article will investigate causes of nutrient deficiencies in ASD, like dietary constraints, food choice, and environment exposure, and their impact on ASD and related symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the research examining the relationship between folic acid and vitamin d3 supplementation and autism.
Materials and methods: A broad search was conducted using the PubMed database in order to identify relevant studies published between 2010-2020 using keywords such as “folic acid”, “folinic acid”, "vitamin d3", "autism spectrum disorder".
A brief description of the current state of knowledge: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that in recent years has been increasingly diagnosed among children. Only between 2016 and 2014 measured prevalence in the United States has increased by 10%. [1] The exact etiology of ASD in not known. In this review we will examine a role of folic acid and vitamin D3. Research suggests that folic acid supplements can help improve verbal skills in people with ASD. Research also shows decreased levels of vitamin d3 in ASD patients. Clinical trials involving vitamin d3 present inconclusive data but lean towards positive impact of supplementation. Both folic acid and vitamin d3 supplementation is safe. Dietary changes and oral supplementation may be beneficial for patients.
Conclusions: Studies with larger participant numbers should be done to prove the significance of folic acid and vitamin D3 supplementation as it shows potential in being a safe and not expensive complementary therapeutic option.
Inventory as a Financial Instrument: Evidence from China’s Metal Industries
Authors: Hsu Vernon , Wu Jing 
Published: August 2023

Classic inventory theory suggests that inventory plays a vital role in matching demand and supply. This paper provides both country- and firm-level evidence that inventory can be used as a financial instrument to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities in financial markets with limited capital mobility. Using data from China customs’ metal imports and firm-level inventory from metal processing industries, we show that firms can utilize the inventory of an imported product to carry lower cost capital into a country with strict capital controls and, thus, gain higher financial returns. Specifically, at the country level, we find that the level of imported metal commodities is positively associated with the expected returns from financial arbitrage. At the firm level, we find that a higher expected return from financial arbitrage will incentivize a firm to increase its inventory level through short-term borrowing. In addition, our evidence supports the notion that firms with higher liquidation value, larger size, and higher sales growth (i.e., firms with higher borrowing capacity) may be more active in using inventory as an instrument to seek higher financial gains. We also utilize a unique regulatory policy shock as a quasi-natural experiment to enhance the causality interpretation of our empirical findings. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management. Funding: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72201230] and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, University Grants Committee [Grant 14504621]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4873 .
VIRTUAL FRACTURE CLINIC TRIAGE AND SELECTIVE USE OF MRI: A HYBRID MODEL FOR MANAGING SUSPECTED SCAPHOID FRACTURES
Authors: Heylen J. , Macdonald N. , Larsson E. , Moon K-H. , Vaughan A. , Owens R. 
Published: August 2023

In current practice in the UK there are three main approaches to investigating suspected scaphoid fractures not seen on initial plain film x-rays.Early MRI of all casesReview all cases in clinic at two weeks with repeat x-raysHybrid model. Virtual Fracture Clinic (VFC) triage to reduce those who are seen in clinic at two weeks by:Organising early MRI for those with high-risk presentation.Discharging those with an alternative more likely diagnosis.Our unit uses the VFC model. We aimed to evaluate its efficiency, safety, clinical outcomes and economic viability.All patients attending the emergency department with either a confirmed or suspected scaphoid fracture between March and December 2020 were included (n=305). Of these 297 were referred to the VFC: 33 had a confirmed fracture on x-ray and 264 had a suspected fracture.Of the suspected fractures reviewed in VFC 14% had an MRI organised directly owing to a high-risk presentation, 79% were brought for fracture clinic review and 17% discharged with an alternative diagnosis such as osteoarthritis.Of those subsequently reviewed in fracture clinic at two weeks: 9% were treated as scaphoid fractures (based on clinical suspicion and repeat x-rays), 17% had MRI or CT imaging organised, 5% did not attend and 69% were discharged.Overall, 17% of cases initially triaged, had further imaging – 41 MRIs and 5 CTs. MRI detected: 5% scaphoid fracture, 17% other fracture, 24% bone contusion, complete ligament tear 10%, partial ligament tear 39% and normal study 10%. The results of MRI minimally affected management. 3 patients were taken out of plaster early, 1 patient was immobilized who was not previously and no patients underwent operative management.In the following 12-month period one patient re-presented with a hand or wrist issue.This approach avoided 218 MRIs, equating to £24000 and 109 hours of scanner time.VFC triage and selective use of MRI scanning is a safe, efficient and cost-effective method for the management suspected scaphoid fractures. This can be implemented in units without the resource to MRI all suspected scaphoid fractures from the emergency department.
High-speed silicon photonic electro-optic Kerr modulation
Authors: Peltier Jonathan , Zhang Weiwei , Virot Leopold , Lafforgue Christian , Deniel Lucas , Marris-Morini Delphine , Aubin Guy , Amar Farah , Tran Denh , Yan Xingzhao , Littlejohns Callum G. , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Li Ke , Thomson David J. , Reed Graham , Vivien Laurent 
Published: August 2023

Silicon-based electro-optic modulators contribute to easing the integration of high-speed and low-power consumption circuits for classical optical communications and data computations. Beyond the plasma dispersion modulation, an alternative solution in silicon is to exploit the DC Kerr effect, which generates an equivalent linear electro-optical effect enabled by applying a large DC electric field. Although some theoretical and experimental studies have shown its existence in silicon, limited contributions relative to plasma dispersion have been achieved in high-speed modulation so far. This paper presents high-speed optical modulation based on the DC Kerr effect in silicon PIN waveguides. The contributions of both plasma dispersion and Kerr effects have been analyzed in different waveguide configurations, and we demonstrated that the Kerr induced modulation is dominant when a high external DC electric field is applied in PIN waveguides. High-speed optical modulation response is analyzed, and eye diagrams up to 80 Gbit/s in NRZ format are obtained under a d.c. voltage of 30 V. This work paves the way to exploit the Kerr effect to generate high-speed Pockels-like optical modulation.
Cognition and education benefits of increased hemoglobin and blood oxygenation in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: MacEwan Joanna P. , King Allison A. , Nguyen Andy , Mubayi Anuj , Agodoa Irene , Smith-Whitley Kim 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAmong individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), decreased hemoglobin is associated with lower oxygen saturation (SpO2) and increased risk of stroke, both of which are associated with lower intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Thus, increasing hemoglobin and SpO2in individuals with SCD may increase IQ and educational attainment.MethodsA cohort simulation model was built to determine academic performance and educational attainment based on cognitive function (measured by IQ) of a pediatric SCD cohort randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The model contained two key stages: childhood (<10 years) and adolescence (≥10 years). In stage 1, increased hemoglobin and increased SpO2(assigned to the treatment group) were determinants of higher IQ, prevention of IQ deterioration over time. Increased hemoglobin was also a determinant of decreased stroke risk. In stage 2, improvement in adolescent IQ as a result of treatment was a determinant of academic performance.ResultsIn a simulated cohort of 2000 children and adolescents with SCD (52.5% female, 50% treated), stroke incidence was predicted to be 44.4% lower among the treated group than the untreated group (4.5% versus 8.1%, respectively). The average IQ among the treated group was estimated to be 91.1 compared with 82.9 in the untreated group (a 9.9% difference;P<0.001). Finally, high school (≥12 years of education) completion rates were estimated to be 64.7% higher among the treated group: 76.1% of the treated group was projected to complete high school compared with 46.2% of the untreated group.ConclusionsOur model predicts that an average improvement in hemoglobin of 1.1 g/dL (11 g/L) among individuals with SCD may be associated with improved neurocognition and educational outcomes. These improvements may also generate benefits not captured by our model, including improved quality of life, employment, and income.
Factors associated with pentavalent vaccine coverage among 12-23-month-old children in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Frozanfar Muhammad Kamel , Hamajima Nobuyuki , Fayaz Said Hafizullah , Rahimzad Abdullah Darman , Stanekzai Hedayatullah , Inthaphatha Souphalak , Nishino Kimihiro , Yamamoto Eiko 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the coverage of the third dose of pentavalent vaccine (Penta3) among children aged 12–23 months in Afghanistan.

Methods
The data of 3,040 children aged 12–23 months were taken from the Afghanistan Health Survey 2018, including characteristics of the children and their households, household heads, and mothers/primary care givers. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a logistic model. Multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis with forward-selection (Model 1) and backward-selection (Model 2) was performed using variables that showed significant differences by bivariate analysis.

Results
The coverage of Penta3 among 12–23-month-old children was 82.3%. Factors associated with Penta3 coverage in the two models of multivariable analysis were 18–23 months old compared to 12–17 months old; having no diarrhea in the last two weeks compared to having diarrhea; no bipedal edema compared to having edema; taking vitamin A supplement; 1–2 children under five years in a household compared to three or more; distance from residence to the nearest health facility ≤2 hours on foot; having a radio; having a TV; educated heads of households; non-smoking of heads of households; and literacy of mothers/primary caregivers.

Conclusions
Penta3 coverage among 12–23-month-old children improved but was still lower than the target. Primary education should be provided to all children throughout the country. TV and radio are useful tools for providing health information. Mobile outreach programs and the establishment of new health facilities should be promoted to improve access to health service for all people in Afghanistan.
Falcon: A Privacy-Preserving and Interpretable Vertical Federated Learning System
Authors: Wu Yuncheng , Xing Naili , Chen Gang , Dinh Tien Tuan Anh , Luo Zhaojing , Ooi Beng Chin , Xiao Xiaokui , Zhang Meihui 
Published: August 2023

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple data owners to collaboratively train machine learning (ML) models without disclosing their raw data. In the vertical federated learning (VFL) setting, the collaborating parties have data from the same set of users but with disjoint attributes. After constructing the VFL models, the parties deploy the models in production systems to infer prediction requests. In practice, the prediction output itself may not be convincing for party users to make the decisions, especially in high-stakes applications. Model interpretability is therefore essential to provide meaningful insights and better comprehension on the prediction output.In this paper, we propose Falcon, a novel privacy-preserving and interpretable VFL system. First, Falcon supports VFL training and prediction with strong and efficient privacy protection for a wide range of ML models, including linear regression, logistic regression, and multi-layer perceptron. The protection is achieved by a hybrid strategy of threshold partially homomorphic encryption (PHE) and additive secret sharing scheme (SSS), ensuring no intermediate information disclosure. Second, Falcon facilitates understanding of VFL model predictions by a flexible and privacy-preserving interpretability framework, which enables the implementation of state-of-the-art interpretable methods in a decentralized setting. Third, Falcon supports efficient data parallelism of VFL tasks and optimizes the parallelism factors to reduce the overall execution time. Falcon is fully implemented, and on which, we conduct extensive experiments using six real-world and multiple synthetic datasets. The results demonstrate that Falcon achieves comparable accuracy to non-private algorithms and outperforms three secure baselines in terms of efficiency.
Cellular and extracellular vaginal changes following murine ovarian removal
Authors: McCracken Jennifer M. , Calderon Gisele A. , Le Quynh N. , Faruqui Natasha M. , Balaji Swathi , Hakim Julie C. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLoss of estrogen as a result of aging, pelvic cancer therapy, genetics, or eating disorders affects numerous body systems including the reproductive tract. Specifically, a chronic hypoestrogenic state fosters debilitating vaginal symptoms like atrophy, dryness, and dyspareunia. Current treatment options, including vaginal estrogen and hyaluronan (HA), anecdotally improve symptoms, but rectifying mechanisms are largely understudied. In order to study the hypoestrogenic vaginal environment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as understand the mechanisms behind current treatments and develop new therapies, we characterized a reliable and reproducible animal model. Bilateral ovariectomies (OVX) were performed on 9‐week‐old CD1 mice. After 1 month of estrogen loss due to ovarian removal, a phenotype that is similar to human vaginal tissue in an estrogen reduced state was noted in mice compared to sham‐operated controls. The uterine to body weight ratio decreased by 80% and vaginal epithelium was significantly thinner in OVX compared to sham mice. Estrogen signaling was altered in OVX, but submucosal ERα localization did not reach statistical differences. HA localization in the submucosal area was altered and CD44 expression decreased in OVX mice. Collagen turn‐over was altered following OVX. The inflammation profile was also disrupted, and submucosal vaginal CD45+ and F4/80+ cell populations were significantly reduced in the OVX mice. These results show altered cellular and molecular changes due to reduced estrogen levels. Developing new treatments for hypoestrogenic vaginal symptoms rely on better understanding of not only the cellular changes, but also the altered vaginal ECM environment. Further studies using this mouse model has the potential to advance women's vaginal health treatments and aid in understanding the interplay between organ systems in both healthy, aged, and diseased states.
Acute nitric oxide synthase inhibition induces greater increases in blood pressure in female versus male Wistar Kyoto rats
Authors: Elmarakby Ahmed A. , Saad Karim M. , Crislip G. Ryan , Sullivan Jennifer C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) contributes to blood pressure (BP) regulation via its vasodilatory and anti‐inflammatory properties. We and others previously reported sex differences in BP in normotensive and hypertensive rat models where females have lower BP than age‐matched males. As females are known to have greater NO bioavailability than age‐matched males, the current study was designed to test the hypothesis that anesthetized female normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) are more responsive to acute NOS inhibition‐induced increases in BP compared to male WKY. Twelve‐week‐old male and female WKY were randomized to infusion of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 1 mg/kg/min) or selective NOS1 inhibition with vinyl‐L‐NIO (VNIO, 0.5 mg/kg/min) for 60 min. Mean arterial BP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume, and electrolyte excretion were assessed before, and during L‐NAME or VNIO infusion. L‐NAME and VNIO significantly increased BP in both sexes; however, the increase in BP with L‐NAME infusion was greater in females versus males compared to baseline BP values. Acute infusion of neither L‐NAME nor VNIO for 60 min altered GFR in either sex. However, urine volume, sodium, chloride and potassium excretion levels increased comparably in male and female WKY with L‐NAME and VNIO infusion. Our findings suggest sex differences in BP responses to acute non‐isoform‐specific NOS inhibition in WKY, with females being more responsive to L‐NAME‐induced elevations in BP relative to male WKY. However, sex differences in the BP response did not coincide with sex differences in renal hemodynamic responses to acute NOS inhibition.
Towards asset administration shell-based continuous engineering in process industries
Authors: Grüner Sten , Hoernicke Mario , Stark Katharina , Schoch Nicolai , Eskandani Nafise , Pretlove John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work we emphasize the role of the engineering process within the industrial automation domain and its underrepresentation in the Industry 4.0 community possibly explained by discrete roots of Industry 4.0. Towards this aim, we revisit the value chain on the leading picture of Industry 4.0 and indicate gaps for “design-to-order” products and projects where requirement artifacts like Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs) or tag lists are exchanged prior to selecting, ordering and building the actual plant. After the understanding of the importance of the engineering process, we explore the opportunities of using Industry 4.0 technology stack to embed engineering information into the digital twin of a process plant. We underline possible synergies with the current developments of the Industry 4.0 community, like the Data Exchange in the Process Industry (DEXPI) and the Module Type Package (MTP) submodel template definitions. Finally, we present possible best practices for embedding existing engineering-related standards into the Industry 4.0 ecosystem and propose tactics and mechanisms for information modeling to accomplish this task in a most efficient and reusable way.
Indirekte Schätzung der Magnettemperatur einer Permanentmagnet-Synchronmaschine
Authors: Baumann Martin Stefan , Steinboeck Andreas , Kemmetmüller Wolfgang , Kugi Andreas 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zur Vermeidung von Schäden in Permanentmagnet-Synchronmaschinen, die an ihren (thermischen) Leistungsgrenzen betrieben werden, wird eine Online-Überwachung der Temperatur der Permanentmagnete benötigt. Da eine direkte Messung dieser Temperatur in der Regel nicht möglich ist, wird in diesem Beitrag eine indirekte Schätzmethode vorgestellt. Aufbauend auf einem elektrischen Modell der Maschine wird ein Erweitertes Kalman-Filter für den verketteten Fluss und damit die Temperatur der Permanentmagnete entwickelt. Zur Reduktion der Sensitivität gegenüber Abweichungen vom Nominalwert des verketteten Permanentmagnetflusses wird eine Online-Kalibriermethode vorgeschlagen. Die Eignung der vorgeschlagenen Methode und die Verbesserung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik werden anhand von Simulationsstudien und Messungen gezeigt.