bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remediation of As(V) and Cd(II) contamination by a ZVI-biochar: experimental and DFT calculation
Authors: Liu Bangwei , Zhou Yan , Zhang Yiwei , Chen Dandan , Liu Wenhui , Lu Ping , Su Xiaoyu , Xia Tian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A novel zero-valent iron loaded biochar (ZVI-CSC) was synthesized in this study for the remediation of As(Ⅴ) and Cd(II) contamination. The impact of ZVI-CSC on the adsorption performance of As(Ⅴ) and Cd(II) in solution, as well as their migration properties in soil, were investigated through adsorption kinetics and soil column leaching experiments, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of As(Ⅴ) by ZVI-CSC was significantly improved to 14.42 g·kg-1 at pH=3, compared with unmodified biochar. However, the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) was not improved. In the leaching experiments, the addition of ZVI-CSC to As(Ⅴ)-contaminated soil resulted in a significant reduction of cumulative As(Ⅴ) release rate from 32.26% to 3.11%, compared with CSC. Moreover, the role of ZVI in As(V)/Cd(II) remediation was analyzed. nZVI forms ≡Fe-OH and ≡Fe-OOH due to oxidation, which can form monodentate and bidentate complexes with As(V) via ligand exchange, thus promoting As immobilization. Furthermore, to further improve the adsorption performance of Cd(II), the electrostatic potential (ESP) of biochars with different surface functional group (C=O, C–O–C, –OH and –COOH) and their bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) with As(Ⅴ) and Cd(II) were calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that –OH was the most effective for As(V) adsorption, and C–O–C was the most effective for Cd(II) adsorption. C=O and –COOH can be used to the simultaneous adsorption of As(V) and Cd(II). Therefore, the surface functional groups of ZVI-CSC can be selectively modified to improve its adsorption performance of As(Ⅴ) and Cd(II).
Supporting positive patient experiences for rare disease care during disruptive times: findings from a multicentre study
Authors: Solebo Ameenat , Kellett Salomey , Tadić Valerija , Petrushkin Harry , Ashworth Jane , Connor Alan , McLoone Eibhlin , Sharma Srilakshmi , Agorogiannis Eleftherios , Watts Patrick , Hughes Edward , Ritchie Ailsa , Pilling Rachel , Benzimra James , Marsh Catherine , Pharoah Daniel , Choi Jessy , Dick Andrew , Rahi Jugnoo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
We describe the perceptions and experiences of health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic of those newly diagnosed with a rare, chronic inflammatory eye disorder.
Methods:
We undertook a cross-sectional study nested within a longitudinal multi-centre inception cohort study. Participants were families and young people (aged under 18 years) newly diagnosed with childhood uveitis. Using a validated tool, the Health Foundation COVID-19 Survey, we captured qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive summary statistics. Qualitative, free text responses were analysed using content and thematic analysis.
Results:
Responses received from 60 families between 1st September 2020 and 30th March 2022 were analysed. Despite two in five reporting challenges in accessing medication, the majority felt comfortable accessing healthcare services (8%, 95% CI 3 - 18%, of participants expressed discomfort, versus 28%, 95% CI 26 – 28% of general population). Thematic analysis identified five themes: the value of protected spaces to safely access care; the positive role of digital health tools the experience of immature telemedicine; disintegration of care; and dealing with uncertainty.
Discussion:
Our findings suggest that families of children with a rare chronic condition had greater confidence in accessing healthcare during the pandemic than the general population. Nevertheless, to ensure more robust health services for such populations in future times of disruption, developments in telemedicine should be directly informed by the experiences of those with rare disease. The development of new healthcare processes which ensure the whole healthcare team has adequate information to support families should be prioritised.
Public Healthcare Deliveries during the Flood Disaster, Challenges and Way Forward: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sazali Mohd Fazeli , Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul , Lukman Khamisah Awang , Deligannu Pravina , Madrim Mohd Faizal , Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim Sidek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Flood is a destructive natural disaster with severe effects on public health. While policies exist to guide public health interventions during floods, there is limited understanding of the vulnerabilities and challenges in this sector. To address this gap, this article reviews the challenges and proposes a way forward for public health interventions in flood disasters. Methodology: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was used for this review. The review involves several methodological steps, systematic searching strategies based on identification, screening, and eligibility on two established databases which are Scopus and Pubmed, followed by quality appraisal, and data extraction and inductive thematic analysis. Results: A total of 15 articles were selected in this review. Based on the thematic analysis, five themes were developed under the challenges: (1) healthcare constraint, (2) individual related, (3) health risks, (4) infrastructure condition, and (5) inadequate planning and preparedness. Further analysis of the theme has resulted in 22 subthemes. Meanwhile, another five themes were developed under the way forward, which are: (1) planning and preparedness, (2) health policy, programs, and technology, (3) training and capacity building, (4) information seeking and monitoring, and (5) government and organizational support. Subsequent analysis found 16 subthemes. Conclusion: Public health practitioner, disaster management team, and policy maker can anticipate several challenges that could arise from the flood disaster. An effective public healthcare delivery requires a coordinated response from government agencies, healthcare providers, and the affected communities, to ensure the provision of timely and appropriate healthcare services.
Experimental and Theoretic Mechanism of Multiple Adsorption of Oppositely Charged Cu(II) and Cr(VI) onto Amine-rich Cellulose Adsorbent
Authors: Hao Linlin , Jia Dongmei , Liu Mengzhu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A novel layer-by-layer adsorption was proposed and used for adsorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) on the pre-bleached sawdust cellulose coated with polyethylenimine (PSC-PEI). It was found that PSC-PEI after Cu(II) cations adsorption was favorable for Cr(VI) anions extraction. The maximum adsorption capacities estimated by Langmuir model for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) were 80 and 93.5 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic regression results fitted by pseudo-second order model showed that k2 of 0.07 g/mg/min for Cr(VI) is much higher than that of 0.02 for Cu(II), indicating that PSC-PEI exhibited a stronger affinity towards Cr(VI). The first-layer adsorption mechanism for Cu(II) involved the formation of copper-amine complex, while the second-layer adsorption of Cr(VI) mainly involved electrostatic attraction and redox reaction which was demonstrated by the estimation of zeta potentials and XPS study. The simulated results for dynamic column test showed good agreement between the theoretical values and the experimental values. It was revealed that Cu(II) adsorption was dependent on external mass transfer process, while the internal mass transfer is the rate-determining step for Cr(VI) adsorption. The saturated adsorbent was regenerated by washing with 5% NaOH and 5% H2SO4 solutions and the adsorption ability of more than 70% was sustained after three cycles of regeneration. This study demonstrated that the oppositely charged Cu(II) cations and Cr(VI) anions could be effectively removed by amine-rich cellulose adsorbent from wastewater through this layer-by-layer adsorption.
Evaluation of three prevalent global riverine nutrient transport models
Authors: Jiao Xinyi , Zhou Jia , Hu Minpeng , Wang Mingfeng , Wu Hao , Wu Kaibin , Chen Dingjiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport models provide a quantitative assessment of riverine nutrient source, transport, accumulation and depletion processes. By conducting a meta-analysis of the modeled results and accuracy metrics from previous studies, this study evaluated the accuracies and their influencing factors of three prevalent global riverine N and P transport models (Global NEWS, IMAGE-GNM and WorldQual). The Global NEWS model exhibited higher accuracies in predicting riverine dissolved organic nitrogen (DON; R2 = 0.58, NSE = 0.57) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP; R2 = 0.59, NSE = 0.59) yields compared to riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; R2 = 0.56, NSE=-0.80) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP; R2 = 0.33, NSE=-0.12) yields. The DIN and DIP sub-models of Global NEWS were applicable for basins with areas greater than 2.2×104 km2 and 3.2×104 km2, respectively. The IMAGE-GNM model demonstrated satisfactory accuracies in predicting riverine total nitrogen (TN; R2 = 0.56, NSE = 0.53) and total phosphorus (TP; R2 = 0.59, NSE = 0.48) concentrations, particularly in European basins. The IMAGE-GNM model performed better for simulation of riverine TN concentration when data set was longer than 21 years and for regions above 54°N, and for simulation of riverine TP concentration when data set was longer than 22 years and for regions above 55°N. The WorldQual model demonstrated relatively poor performance in simulating riverine TN (R2 = 0.76, NSE = 0.34) and TP (R2 = 0.71, NSE=-0.25) concentrations. For model improvements in future, the Global NEWS and WorldQual would benefit from more detailed in-stream nutrient retention/release and transformation modules, while improved chemical weathering dynamics could further enhance the Global NEWS. For the IMAGE-GNM, modification of the soil erosion module is warranted to enhance efficiency in basins outside Europe. Consideration of legacy effects is required to improve these three models. The results of this study provide valuable guidance for the model selecting and improvement for specific needs.
Calcium Carbonate Scaling Control on Heat Plate Exchange Surfaces using Ultrasound
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Ramalho , Pereira Lucas Gomes , Teixeira Leandro Rozário , Silva Marcus Vinícius Santos da , Pepe Iuri Muniz , Ferreira Vitor Pinheiro , Junior Luis Carlos Sores , Demetino Geydson Gonzaga , de Mattos Fabio Oliveira , Cordeiro André Luis Rufino , Rodrigues Carlos Eduardo Aguiar Lima , Vitiello Rodrigo Pommerehn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Calcium carbonate scaling can lead to serious operational problems in industrial facilities, its control is of fundamental importance, especially in heat transfer equipment. This work evaluated the use of ultrasound in order to prevent calcium carbonate scaling, focusing applications involving heat transfer equipment. Tests were conducted using a metal surface coupon, collected from a plate heat exchanger, as sample holder. Ten depositions runs were performed by a semi-continuous process using CaCl2.2H2O and NaHCO3 solutions as reagents. A well-marked cavitation was verified after erosion tests on aluminum foil. Two experimental situations were tested: (i) no ultrasound applied to the crystal formation medium, (ii) ultrasound irradiation using Langevin transducer at 40 kHz and 31.5 Watt, where scaling mass and crystal morphology were evaluated. Calcium carbonate mass deposition was drastically reduced under ultrasound action, it had a strong influence on size and morphology of formed crystals, making them smaller in size and rounded, thus less adherent to the titanium metal coupon surface.
Early efficacy of rotational osteotomy of the femoral neck with preservation of the round ligament in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Qi Baochuang , zhang Ying , Tang Zhifang , Guo Minzheng , Zhang Hong , Luo Dianzhong , Xu Yongqing , Li Chuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In young patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), hip preservation surgery should be considered whenever possible. However, the optimal surgical approach for use in young and middle-aged patients with extensive osteonecrosis or even collapse of the femoral head has not been elucidated. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the results of rotational osteotomy of the femoral neck with preservation of the round ligament (ROFNPRL) in 13 young patients with ONFH and to describe the procedure, technique, and feasibility of ROFNPRL. The results of ROFNPRL are provided, along with an evaluation of the procedure, technique and feasibility of ROFNPRL.
Methods
This study included 13 patients (7 males and 6 females) and 14 hips (6 unilateral cases on each side and one bilateral case). The mean patient age was 33.5 years (22 to 49 years). The causative factors were as follows: hormonal, 3; alcoholism, 6; and idiopathic, 4. The International Association of Bone Circulation (ARCO 2019 revision) stage distribution was as follows: stage II, 7; stage IIIA, 5; and stage IIIB, 2. The mean follow-up time was 17.9 months (13 to 24 months). Imaging was used to observe the continued collapse of the femoral head and healing of the osteotomy block. Clinical and functional assessments were performed using the modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and visual analog scale (VAS) score.
Results
The mean mHHS improved from 51.00 ± 3.64 to 80.00 ± 3.91 (p < 0.001), and the mean VAS score improved from 6.71 ± 0. 83 to 1.36 ± 0.50 (p < 0.001). The satisfaction rate at the last follow-up was 78.5%. There were no serious complications, such as bone discontinuity, incision infection, or peripheral nerve injury, and imaging revealed no cases of continued femoral head collapse on examination.
Conclusions
We observed satisfactory short-term survival rates and improved patient-reported outcomes in young patients with ONFH treated with ROFNPRL.
Dynamics analysis of a double-plungers type turbine overspeed protection mechanism
Authors: Jiang Haicheng , Wang Decheng , Cheng Peng , Shao Chenxi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A double-plunger type overspeed protection mechanism has an excellent performance in turbine overspeed protection, but the complicated operating principle thereof makes long-term use difficult. In this study, a dynamics model is established to explain the relationship between the motion state and the force situation. Through the analysis of the dynamics model, the specific process of the linked plunger for achieving overspeed protection with tripping action is determined, and the motion law of the inner and outer plungers is clarified. Additionally, the complete solution method and calculation procedure for the tripping speed of the submerged plunger are established, and the specific process for solving the relevant equations with numerical iteration is clarified. Finally, a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype model is established, and the entire process of plunger motion is simulated with dynamics simulation to verify the correctness of the plunger action mechanism in the theoretical model.
Effect of Mdr1 C3435t and Cyp2c19 Genetic Polymorphisms on the Outcome of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Treatment in Children With Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer, Vietnam
Authors: Le Loan Thi Thuy , Nguyen Liem Thanh , Vu Hoang Anh , Nguyen Nghia An , Nguyen Tuan Anh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility in Vietnamese children currently get low efficiency. There are causes of treatment failure, among host genetic factors namely MDR1 C3435T and CYP2C19 affect the absorption and metabolism of proton pump inhibitors - a crucial component of eradication therapy. The study aimed to investigate the effect of MDR1 C3435T and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the cure rate.
Methods
207 pediatric patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer infecting Helicobacter pylori completed the eradication therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility with proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole. Eradication efficacy was assessed after at least 4 weeks by the urease breath test. MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphism and CYP2C19 genotype were determined using a sequencing method based on Sanger's principle.
Results
Among 207 children recruited in this study, the ratio of CYP2C19 EM, IM, and PM phenotypes was 40.1%, 46.4%, and 16.9%, respectively. The patient with MDR1 3435C/C polymorphism accounted for 43.0%, MDR1 3435C/T was 40.1%, and MDR1 3435T/T was 16.9%. The cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with CYP2C19 EM genotype was 78.3%; 83.3% of those with the IM genotype, and PM genotype was 96,4% (p = 0.07). Successful eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori were 85.4%, 86.7%, and 68.6% in patients with the MDR1 3435C/C, C/T, and T/T, respectively (p = 0.02). Multiple logistic regression analysis found that MDR1 C3435T genetic polymorphisms of patients were significant independent risk factors for treatment failure, and CYP2C19 genotype did not affect Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Conclusions
The Helicobacter pylori eradication rates by regimens based on antibiotic susceptibility and esomeprazole were not significantly different between the CYP2C19 phenotypes. The MDR1 C3435T polymorphism is one of the factors impacting Helicobacter pylori eradication results in children.
Why is Uncertainty Needed for Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Kim Mingyu , Lee Donghyun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Traffic flow prediction is a challenging topic that is considered important in both academia and industry. Recently, it has gainedpopularity in the implementation of intelligent transportation systems. Most of the existing models for traffic flow prediction (e.g.,long short term memory, gated recurrent unit) focus on increasing the prediction performance and providing fast predictions forreal-time applications. In addition, they can reveal the integrity of the prediction when the actual value is provided; however,they cannot explain the uncertainty of prediction. The topic of uncertainty has recently emerged as an important problem indeep learning. In this study, we have proposed to solve this problem by applying Monte Carlo dropout, which is a method ofestimating uncertainty, to a traffic prediction model. We have conducted experiments to show that the values predicted by themodel as well as their uncertainty can be estimated together without significantly decreasing the performance of the model.
Corneal Nerve Regeneration After Refractive Surgery and the Factors Affecting It—In Vivo Confocal Microscope Study
Authors: Yang Jing , He Runzhang , Nong Yating , Zhou Sheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate the regeneration of corneal nerve fibers after small incision microlens extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and the factors affecting it.
METHODS
In this retrospective, nonrandomized observational study, 12 patients underwent SMILE, and 14 patients underwent FS-LASIK for myopia correction. Microscopic morphological changes in subbasal corneal nerve density and corneal structures were assessed by confocal microscopy before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Correlations were made between various subbasal corneal nerve parameters and the corresponding surgical parameters and corneal cell density.
RESULTS
At one, three, and six months postoperatively, CNFD, CNFL, CNFA, CNFW, and CFracDim were higher in SMILE-treated eyes than in FS-LASIK-treated eyes (all P < .05). However, at 6 months postoperatively, neither group had recovered to preoperative levels. Cap (flap) diameter size was negatively correlated with CNFD at one month postoperatively and with CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, CTBD, CNFA, and CFracDim at three months postoperatively. Preoperative SE was positively correlated with CNFD, CNBD, CNFL, CTBD, and CNFA at three months postoperatively (all P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS
Up to six months after surgery, the subbasal nerve parameters were higher in the SMILE group than in the FS-LASIK group. Corneal nerve parameters correlated with cap (flap) diameter size as well as SE size at three months postoperatively.
Comparing the performances of support vector machines, artificial neural network, and a logistic regression model for predicting coronary artery diseases: a cross‑sectional study
Authors: Shariatnia Sahar , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Ziaratban Majid , Salehi Aref , Vakili Mohammadali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as an inflammatory disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. This study aimed to compare the performance of different non-invasive CAD diagnostic techniques.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 758 subjects (250 with CAD and 508 without CAD). We compared the performances of logistic regression (LR) model, artificial neural networks (ANN), and support vector machines (SVMs) for the purpose of functioning. The Performance of classification techniques were compared using ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.
Results
The study population consisted of 758 case subjects. Two hundred fifty of them (33.6% men and 66.4% women) were eventually diagnosed with non-CAD, while 508 subjects (64% men and 36% women) were not (33.6% men and 66.4% women). The area under the ROC Curve (AUC) for CAD resulted in 0.775 (95% CI: 0.711, 0.838) for Logistic regression model, 0.752 (95% CI: 0.682, 0.823) for ANN, and 0.793 (95% CI: 0.733, 0.853) for SVMs, respectively. There were significant differences between these three models in prediction of CAD (p = 0.04). The best model of forecasting CAD was the SVMs (0.793, 95% CI: 0.733, 0.853). However, the differences between logistic regression model, ANN and LR with SVMs were small and non-significant (p = 0.2, p = 0.09).
Conclusions
Support vector machines (SVMs) yielded better performance than ANN model to predict the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) with simple clinical predictors. However, support vector machines produced as much performance as the LR model.
Relationships between muskrat density and avian and anuran richness in Great Lakes coastal wetlands
Authors: Baici Jennifer , Martin Kayla D. , Newar Sasha L. , Burgess Thomas , Greenhorn Janet E. , Kielar Spencer R. , Menelon Laurelie , Melvin Gregory P. , Persad Rebekah N. , Sadowski Carrie , Solmundson Kirsten , Tozer Douglas C. , Ward Meghan , Bowman Jeff 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Wetlands in southern Ontario are at risk of degradation and alteration due to human activities. This is a concern because wetlands provide essential habitat for species from a range of taxa, such as birds and anurans (frogs and toads). One wetland-dwelling species whose decline may be linked to loss of wetland wildlife habitat is the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). The decline of muskrats may also be linked to declines of other species because muskrats engage in activities that could support taxa such as birds and anurans by increasing habitat heterogeneity. We investigated whether bird and anuran species richness is related to muskrat density or if it is better predicted by land cover variables that describe the wetland and surrounding area at 30 coastal wetlands on Lake Ontario. We estimated bird and anuran species richness using data from the Great Lakes Marsh Monitoring Program and the Great Lakes Coastal Wetland Monitoring Program, and muskrat density based on muskrat house counts. Our results suggest that muskrat activity did not predict richness of anurans or birds overall; however, it did predict richness for the subset of birds that nest in emergent aquatic vegetation. Our results indicate that muskrat abundance in emergent marshes may increase habitat quality for birds that nest in emergent vegetation but may not have a measurable effect on anuran diversity in these same wetlands.