bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Economic Risk Preferences Across Adolescence
Authors: Zhang Yubing , Camerer Colin F. , Tashjian Sarah M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examined economic risk preferences using a multidimensional approach in adolescents and young adults (N = 444, ages 13–27). Despite the two major theoretical approaches in adolescent economic risk‐taking—socioemotional theories and fuzzy‐trace theory—comparatively little is known about the role of incidental affective factors in economic risk‐taking. We tested six demographic and psychological determinants (age, gender, positive/negative affect, state anxiety, and indecision) on two economic risk decision tasks (loss aversion and skewness). Adolescents reported higher positive affect and lower negative affect than adults, but anxiety and indecision were age‐invariant. Women showed lower positive affect and higher negative affect, state anxiety, and indecision compared to men. We found women to be more loss‐averse; all other factors were not related to loss aversion. Adolescents were equally likely to accept symmetric and skewed gambles, whereas adults had more nuanced preferences. Adolescents also demonstrated a reduced bias toward negatively skewed risks compared to young adults, but both groups showed similar preferences for positively skewed and symmetric risks. These results support fuzzy‐trace theory's prediction of age‐related shifts from verbatim to gist representations: More verbatim processing during adolescence facilitated risk‐taking in negatively skewed risks, diverging from prospect theory. Positive affect shifted risk preference for adolescents and young adults in divergent directions—adolescents favored symmetrical risks more, while adults favored negatively skewed risks more. These patterns illustrate that adolescents and young adults in positive moods demonstrate risk preferences that are rare for their developmental stage, with potentially detrimental consequences depending on the choice at hand.
A Mitochondria‐Related Signature in Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: Prognosis, Immune and Therapeutic Features
Authors: Zhou Zhen‐Zhong , Lu Jia‐Chen , Guo Song‐Bin , Tian Xiao‐Peng , Li Hai‐Long , Zhou Hui , Huang Wei‐Juan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDistinctive heterogeneity characterizes diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), one of the most frequent types of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mitochondria have been demonstrated to be closely involved in tumorigenesis and progression, particularly in DLBCL.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to identify the prognostic mitochondria‐related genes (MRGs) in DLBCL, and to develop a risk model based on MRGs and machine learning algorithms.MethodsTranscriptome profiles and clinical information were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The risk model was defined using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) regression algorithm, and its prognostic value was further examined in independent datasets. Patients were stratified into two clusters based on the risk scores, additionally a nomogram was generated based on the risk score and clinical characteristics. Gene pathway level, microenvironment, expression of targeted therapy‐associated genes, response to immunotherapy, drug sensitivity, and somatic mutation status were compared between clusters.ResultsEighteen prognostic MRGs (DNM1L, PUSL1, CHCHD4, COX7A1, CPT1A, CYP27A1, POLDIP2, PCK2, MRPL2, PDK3, PDK4, MARC2, ACSM3, COA7, THNSL1, ATAD3B, C15orf48, TOMM70A) were identified to construct the risk model. Remarkable discrepancies were observed between groups. The high‐risk group had shorter overall survival, less immune infiltration, lower CD20 and higher PD‐L1 expression than the low‐risk group. Distinct immune microenvironment, responses to immunotherapy and predictive drug IC50 values were found between groups.ConclusionsWe established a novel prognostic mitochondria‐related signature by machine learning algorithm, which also demonstrated outstanding predictive value in tumor microenvironment and responses to therapies.
Chloride‐Assisted Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones by Half‐Sandwich Rhodium Iminophosphonamide Complexes
Authors: Nekrasov Roman I. , Peganova Tat'yana A. , Strelkova Tat'yana V. , Gutsul Evgenii I. , Filippov Oleg A. , Belkova Natalia V. , Kalsin Alexander M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHalf‐sandwich 18e rhodium iminophosphonamide complexes [Сp*RhCl(NPN)] with NPN═Ph2P(N‐p‐Tol)2 (1a), Ph2P(N‐p‐Tol)(NMe) (1b) and 16e cationic [Сp*Rh(NPN)](PF6) (2a+PF6−) were found to catalyze transfer hydrogenation of carbonylic substrates (acyclic and cyclic alkyl ketones, aromatic ketones, and aldehydes) with the activity strongly enhanced by the presence of chloride ligand. Kinetic studies including KIE and activation parameters measurements carried out for two model ketones (acetophenone and cyclohexanone) as well as model spectroscopic investigation accompanied with the DFT calculations allowed to propose unconventional chloride‐assisted mechanism of transfer hydrogenation to account for different behavior of 18e chloride complexes versus their less active 16e cationic counterparts. The key species initiating the catalytic cycle is the solvate complex [Cp*Rh(NPN)(iPrOH)]Cl, which does not result from direct coordination of iPrOH to 2a+PF6− rather forms via the Cl− dissociation in 1 promoted by specific interactions with alcohol, namely by H‐bonding with the Cl ligand, Cp*Rh(NPN)Cl···HOR.
Three Dimensional CNTs Interweaved Layered MnTe Nanoparticles as a New Cathode For Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Liu Dai‐Huo , Song Mengqin , Xu Fang , Wang Ao , Xu Chunyan , Zheng Jialin , Yun Cheng , Zhang Beinuo , Li Zhenjiang , Liu Yaozhi , Wang Pengyan , Wang Shifen , Guo Junpo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrently, the development of suitable transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) is plagued by the terrible conductivity and electrochemical properties. Herein, a one‐step ball milling method is applied to enhance the conductivity of commercial MnTe cathode by constructing three dimensional (3D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interweaved MnTe nanoparticles (abbreviated as MnTe@CNTs), which can achieve ultrafast ion conduction. The stable electrochemistry properties benefit from the synergistic effects between layered MnTe and 3D CNTs, which can improve the electrons/ions diffusion kinetics as cycling. So MnTe@CNTs achieves a ultra‐high capacity of 427.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and superior capacity retention of 97.6 % at 1 A g−1 over 200 cycles. Zinc‐storage mechanisms can be revealed with the aid of operando XRD and ex situ XPS spectra. MnTe as a new cathode presents superior Zn‐storage ability for high‐performance AZIBs.
Tetrylenes are Able to Discern between Isomeric Structures of Unsaturated Osmium(IV) Polyhydrides
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , Esteruelas Miguel A. , Izquierdo Susana , Oñate Enrique 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHexahydride OsH6(PiPr3)2 (1) releases H2 to form the isomeric tetrahydrides 2 a and 2 b of general formula OsH4(PiPr3)2. Tetrylenes E{N(SiMe3)2}2 (E=Ge, Sn) are able to selectively trap these isomers distinguishing between them. Tetrylene Ge{N(SiMe3)2}2 catches 2 b to generate OsH4{Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2}(PiPr3)2 (3), which has a piano stool geometry, while Sn{N(SiMe3)2}2 captures 2 a to give OsH4{Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2}(PiPr3)2 (4) with the donor atoms defining a pentagonal bipyramid around the osmium center.
High Temperature Shock (HTS) Synthesis of Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Huang Wen , Zhu Xindong , Zhu He , Wang Zhihua , Yu Haoran , Shao Yu , Liu Qi , Lan Si 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCarbon‐based nanomaterials play a significant role in the field of electrochemistry because of their outstanding electrical conductivity, chemical and thermal resistance, structural flexibility, and so on. In recent years, we have observed a rapid rise of research interest in the high‐temperature shock (HTS) method, which is fast, stable, environmentally friendly, and versatile. The HTS method offers excellent controllability and repeatability while tackling challenges and limitations of traditional preparation methods, providing a new way to prepare and optimize carbon‐based nanomaterials for electrochemical applications. During the HTS synthesis, the reaction is driven by the high temperature while further growth of obtained nanoparticles is inhibited by the rapid heating and cooling rates. The preparation of carbon‐based nanomaterials by HTS has many advantages, including controlled carbon vacancy that may drive phase transformation, precise engineering of carbon, and other defects that may function as active centers, formation and preservation of metastable phase owing to the high energy and rapid cooling, fine‐tuning of the interaction between loaded species and carbon support for optimized performance, and facile doping and compounding to induce synergy between different constituents. This article provides a comprehensive review of various carbon‐based nanomaterials prepared by the HTS method and their applications in the field of electrochemistry during the past decade, emphasizing their synthesis and principles to optimize their performance. Studies showcasing the merits of HTS‐derived carbon‐based nanomaterials in advancing Lithium‐ion batteries, Lithium‐sulfur batteries, Lithium‐air batteries, water‐splitting reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction reaction, nitrate reduction reaction, other electrocatalytic reactions, and fuel cells are highlighted. Finally, the prospects of carbon‐based nanomaterials prepared by HTS method for electrochemical applications are recommended.
Diencephalic Syndrome in Adolescents: A Case Series
Authors: Kpenosen Toritseju I. , Chandler Owen N. , Otallah Scott I. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionTwo pediatric patients presented with unintentional weight loss despite normal caloric intake. Both patients later developed neurological symptoms, and a neoplastic lesion was detected in the hypothalamic‐optic chiasmatic region. The location of the tumor and the significant weight loss aligned with diencephalic syndrome (DES), which typically occurs in infants and young children. However, both patients were in their teens and thus greatly deviated from the normal age range of this disorder.Methods/ResultsAfter chart review we analyzed the patients with a focus on the similarities in their clinical course and final diagnosis. Both patients were ultimately diagnosed with DES. Managing the patients' tumors allowed them to experience significant weight gain and return to daily life activities.DiscussionAlthough the exact pathogenesis for DES is not fully understood, the symptoms are associated with hypothalamic dysfunction. DES has been accepted as a disorder of the hypothalamic hunger and satiety control mechanisms. With both patients having tumors in the hypothalamic‐optic chiasmatic region, it is expected that the growing mass would compress the hypothalamus and disrupt normal hypothalamic function. Because of the hypothalamus' role in hunger and satiety control mechanisms, it is logical that these disruptions could produce abnormal weight changes.ConclusionDES is a rare condition and typically only presents in infants and toddlers. Thus, this syndrome occurring in teenage populations represents a rare diagnosis in an unexpected demographic. The novelty of this presentation led to delays in diagnosis and effective treatment. Greater awareness of the occurrence of DES in atypical demographics is needed to ensure proper patient management.
In children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, less task‐related up‐modulation of motor cortex during response inhibition
Authors: Gilbert Donald L. , Crocetti Deana , Horn Paul S. , Wu Steve W. , Huddleston David A. , Ehrman Jacqueline M. , Migneault Karlee Y. , Mostofsky Stewart H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify a quantitative, brain‐based measure reflecting impaired response inhibition in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evoke potentials in hand muscle during both a simple reaction time and a response inhibition task in 8‐to‐12‐year‐old children, 41 with ADHD (42% girls, 76% white, mean age 10.3 years) and 38 typically developing controls (53% girls, 74% white, mean age 9.8 years). We used mixed‐model linear regressions of evoked potential amplitudes to compare motor cortex excitability at (1) task‐onset (“START”: 550 ms prior to action); (2) preparing‐to‐go (“GO”: 150 ms prior to action); and (3) selecting‐to‐stop (“STOP”: 150 ms after stop cue). We hypothesized that task‐related up‐modulation of motor cortex excitability (motor evoked potential amplitudes) would depend both on task (STOP > GO > START) and on diagnosis (controls > patients).ResultsMotor cortex up‐modulation was significantly greater for STOP trials than during GO or START. Children with ADHD had both worse response inhibition performance (longer stop‐signal reaction times) and significantly less task effect on motor cortex up‐modulation. The largest diagnostic difference in motor cortex activation occurred during STOP trials. Reduced up‐modulation during stopping was also associated with higher parent‐rated symptom severity.InterpretationOur findings suggest that motor cortex up‐modulation of excitability, assessed indirectly by TMS motor evoked potentials, reflects the cognitive load during response inhibition tasks and may be a quantitative, brain‐based indicator of impaired response inhibition in children with ADHD.
Engineering Cascade Bio‐Solar Cells Inspired by the Z‐Scheme of Oxygenic Photosynthesis: Layered Chlorophyll and Bacterio‐Chlorophyll Derivatives
Authors: Duan Shengnan , Gu Teng , Uragami Chiasa , Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Zhou Yuanqi , Tao Ruohan , Zhou Xianju , Feng Chunbao , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Xiao Zeyun , Hashimoto Hideki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe natural Z‐scheme of oxygenic photosynthesis efficiently drives electron transfer from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PSI) via an electron transport chain, despite the lower energy levels of PSII. Inspired by this sophisticated mechanism, we present a layered cascade bio‐solar cell (CBSC) that emulates the Z‐scheme. In this design, chlorophyll derivatives (Chl) act as PSI analogs, while bacteriochlorophyll derivatives (BChl) serve as PSII analogs in the active layer. The resulting photocurrent, prominently detected in the near‐infrared region, is validated through external quantum efficiency measurements. Sub‐nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals a prolonged charge transfer (CT) state from BChl to Chl (Chl–/BChl+ species) compared to the reverse direction (Chl+/BChl– species). This asymmetry highlights a dominant electron flow from BChl (PSII analog) to Chl (PSI analog) under simultaneous excitation, effectively replicating the natural Z‐scheme electron transfer. These findings represent a significant advance in the design of bio‐inspired solar cells, paving the way for artificial photosynthesis systems and offering profound insights into improving photovoltaic theory and efficiency.
Implementation and Analysis of Enhanced Performance of Elliptic Curve Cryptography Processor Over Prime Field
Authors: Rahman Md. Sazedur , Halder Kalyan Kumar , Apon Imtiaz Ahamed , Tareq Md. Motiur Rahman 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDesigning an optimized performance elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) processor capable of rapid point multiplication while saving hardware resources is an essential part of system security. This study introduces the implementation of a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) design of the ECC processor (ECCP), prioritizing speed, compactness, maximum operating frequency, and resultant throughput rate in the prime field of 256‐bit. The processor enables efficient point multiplication for 256 bits in the twisted Edwards25519 curve, which is vital for the strength of the Edwards curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA). Unique architectures of hardware for different modular and group operations in the twisted Edwards curve are proposed in this work. The processor achieves modular multiplication, point addition, and doubling in only 257, 1286, and 518 clock cycles, respectively. For 256‐bit keys, a point multiplication takes 0.51 ms, which operates at the highest frequency of 226.7 MHz with a cycle count of 115.2 k and a throughput of 501.9 Kbps. The implementation, executed on the Kintex‐7 platform for FPGA implementation in projective coordinates, utilizes 14.7 k slices. This design demonstrates time‐ and throughput‐efficient design by providing fast scalar multiplication while using minimum hardware resources without compromising security. The proposed ECCP on the Edwards curve's performance is improved in such a way that the device uses optimized area, time, frequency, and throughput rate. To generate a key for the ECCP and EdDSA, we simulate various operations like modular arithmetic operations, group operations, and point operations required for correct ECPM implementation on Xilinx ISE and ModelSim. Then we verify these results using the Maple tool.
Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index Trajectory and Stroke in Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Qitong , Sun Ming , Liu Yang , Xu Wenqi , Zheng Huancong , Ning Ning , Huang Rong , Zhou Jin , Shao Jinang , Zhou Wenhui , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Ma Yanan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsStroke is a common diabetic complication, by which the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is confirmed as a better predictor of visceral fat. However, the relationship between CVAI change and the stroke risk among patients with diabetes and prediabetes remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association of CVAI trajectory with the risk of stroke.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 11,339 patients with prediabetes and diabetes from the Kailuan study. These participants had complete repeated metabolic and body measurements that formed the continuous CVAI records. The stroke cases were identified by medical records. Latent mixture modelling was conducted to fit four groups of CVAI trajectories. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the associations between CVAI trajectories and the risk of stroke and its subtypes.ResultsFour distinct CVAI trajectories were identified: the low‐stable, moderate low‐stable, moderate high‐stable, and high‐increasing groups. Compared with low‐stable CVAI, moderate high‐stable (HR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.10–2.04) and high‐increasing CVAI (HR: 2.15, 95%CI: 1.49–3.10) were positively associated with the risk of stroke. Similarly, moderate high‐stable (HR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.21–2.39) and high‐increasing CVAI trajectory groups (HR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.71–3.73) had an increased risk of ischaemic stroke compared with the low‐stable CVAI group. However, a significant association was not found between CVAI trajectory and risk of haemorrhage stroke.ConclusionA long‐term elevated CVAI is associated with a higher risk of stroke, especially ischaemic stroke. This finding suggests the health benefits of low CVAI levels and the importance of regular surveillance among patients with prediabetes and diabetes.
Releasing Intramolecular Stress of Curved Fused‐Core to Enhance N‐Type Carrier Transport Performance in A‐D‐A’‐D‐A Type Non‐Fused Small Molecule
Authors: Sun Hua , Li Wenju , Zhou Qin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractN‐type organic semiconductors based on non‐fused rings offer concise synthesis routes and low–cost production. Leveraging intramolecular non‐covalent interactions, non‐fused organic semiconductors can achieve fine regulation of molecular spatial configurations, thereby influencing the electrical performance. Herein, we successfully developed a non‐fused n‐type organic semiconductor with an A−D‐A′‐D−A structure, designated as IMIC. Compared to the fused A‐DA'D−A molecule, IMIC not only simplifies the synthetic steps but also significantly improves solubility and optical absorption properties. The non‐fused molecular architecture relieves the internal stress of rigid, curved polycyclic fused rings, granting greater spatial freedom to the components of the IMIC molecule, which is conducive to optimizing the spatial configuration of the molecule in the aggregated state. Ultimately, the electron mobility of OFET devices based on IMIC is tripled compared to TIIC, reaching 1.1×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in ambient conditions.
Policy implementation and policy instruments: The underdeveloped dimensions of the four “political” American policy process theories. A Western European perspective
Authors: Capano Giliberto 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe fifth edition of “Theories of the Policy Process” represents a further step in consolidating these theories. However, four of them—Advocacy Coalition Framework, Multiple Streams Framework, Narrative Policy Framework, and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory—exhibit a few limitations in light of the characteristics of implementation and policy instruments due to their founding principles, the central role of pluralism and the will to abandon the original normativism of the policy sciences. Thus, these four theories seem to be framed to capture the politics of policy‐making in a dynamic way rather than to understand how policies are able to deliver results to society. This affects the relevance and applicability of these theories from a Western European perspective but probably also from other cultural and geopolitical perspectives. After a discussion of these limitations, the paper outlines a number of suggestions for overcoming them.
Characterisation of C‐β‐Cyclodextrin‐Thymol Inclusion Complexes as Delivery Systems for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Applications
Authors: Xu Tanfang , Liu Junfeng , Wang Ping , Zan Junfeng , Yang Ke , Tian Daizhi , Chen Maohua , Li Yanhua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThymol (THY) is a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial; however, its biological activity and application in the food and pharmaceutical fields are limited due to its low water solubility and volatility. In this study, inclusion complexes of cationic‐β‐cyclodextrin‐THY (C‐β‐CD‐THY) were prepared by using the aqueous stirring method. Then UV–Vis spectra, FT‐IR, NMR, DSC, XRD and SEM data were collected to characterise the structure and morphology of the inclusion complexes. Phase solubility experiments showed a better solubilisation effect of C‐β‐CD‐THY than HP‐β‐CD‐THY. At a concentration of 0.64 mmol/L for THY, the DPPH scavenging rate was 60.99% and 61.31% for HP‐β‐CD‐THY and C‐β‐CD‐THY, respectively, whereas that of THY in 10% ethanol was only 43.47%. The bacteriostatic activity was verified using a circle of inhibition and the live/dead bacterial double stain. C‐β‐CD‐THY exhibited better antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than HP‐β‐CD‐THY. In conclusion, the C‐β‐CD‐THY inclusion complexes have the potential to be applied as an effective bacteriostatic agent for food and pharmaceutical applications.