bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weeding Out the Deadly Threats Behind the Boom
Authors: Zou Bin , Song Yiliang , An Hongjun , Li Youlin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As global climate and environmental issues continue to increase, Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) has become a more suitable indicator of economic health and development than Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper proposes a new climate-environment cost-based GGDP model in macro form, using shadow price that is more economically sound than existing GGDP models. We also introduce a new method called relation chain analysis to export the GGDP model to micro form. Our mathematical analysis predicts a positive impact of using our model on the global economy and climate. We demonstrate the feasibility of the model using China as an example and combining actual data to forecast the future impact.
Non-canonical cortico-thalamic dynamics gate avoidance decisions
Authors: Penzo Mario , Ma Jun , O'Malley John , Kreiker Malaz , Leng Yan , Khan Isbah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The mammalian cortex exerts top-down control of the thalamus by either enhancing or suppressing incoming sensory signals. This is thought to be accomplished via direct and indirect corticothalamic pathways that respectively increase and decrease the activity of thalamic relays1–4. Here, we discovered that in a reciprocally connected thalamocortical loop involving the dorsal midline thalamus, and unlike for sensory systems, top-down control by the cortex is predominantly indirect and through the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Specifically, we found that the prelimbic area of the medial prefrontal cortex—a region mediating the selection and execution of emotional and motivated behavior5–8—shapes the decision to engage in and initiate instrumental avoidance responses via TRN projections to the paraventricular thalamus. Our findings reveal novel intra-thalamic circuit dynamics that gate cortical cognitive signals to shape goal-oriented actions.
Design of 3d clothing digitization system based on distributed data and image recognition algorithm
Authors: Jin Yu , Lu Zhenbang , Yi Zhiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The advent of the era of big data and the rapid improvement of computer technology have pushed the development of image recognition technology in a more advanced direction. Image recognition technology based on convolutional neural networks has become the subject of artificial intelligence research, and its excellent performance has been widely known. At the same time, this paper implements a distributed data index system based on the bitmap index of network data packets. By analyzing the management technology of the index system in the distributed database, the concept, characteristics, classification and usage principles of the index system in the distributed database are discussed. Analyze the index system in the distributed database design. In this article, we will use different ratios of convolution kernels to obtain parallel features, and combine the features extracted from different ratios. In order to further improve the accuracy, the image recognition performance of Caltech-256 and Food-101 datasets is estimated by adding a composite layer to optimize image recognition. The results show that compared with the traditional AlexNet image recognition, the accuracy of RPCNet based on the connection layer is increased by 6.12% and 12.28%, and the recognition range is only 1/15 of ALexNet. National costume is an important part of Chinese costume. As a kind of intangible cultural heritage, national costume is an important material for studying history, culture, folk customs and beliefs. After thousands of years of inheritance, the phoenix pattern has been firmly attached to humans. This article uses the phoenix pattern of a certain ethnic group as the research object. Combining field research and literature data, we conducted in-depth research on specific phoenix patterns, analyzed the aesthetic and cultural value, optimized the phoenix patterns of a certain nation, and systematically optimized modern clothing design.
Effect of the TT and AM approaches in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on femoral tunnel and efficacy analysis
Authors: Liu Yi , Jiang Shu , Zhang Wen-qiang , Jiang Hong-yu , Sun Tao , Zhang Ming , Meng Hong-zheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy, location and length of the femoral tunnel, graft angle, and radiographic findings between the transtibial tunnel (TT) approach and the anteromedial (AM) approach in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionMethods From September 2020 to December 2021, prospectively, 86 consecutive patients who met the criteria for ACL reconstruction were prospectively included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, TT group and am group, according to the computer-generated sequence. Finally, a total of 45 patients were included in the TT group and 41 patients in the AM group. All patients were assessed for knee clinical function using the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and at last follow-up. Anteroposterior and rotational stability of the knee were assessed by the Lachman test, axial shift test, and rotarod. The location of the femoral tunnel was evaluated within 1 week postoperatively using CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with the Bernard quadrant method. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) MRI of the knee was performed 1 year after surgery to assess graft tone, morphology, and signal and was graded. The angle between the graft and the joint line was measured.Results Follow up ranged from 15 to 36 months with a mean (SD) of 23.76 ± 5.63. Both procedures resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction, and no patients in either group developed intra-articular infection, graft fracture, and joint stiffness during follow-up. At the last follow-up, the Lysholm, IKDC, Lachman and pivot shift tests were significantly improved (P < 0.05) compared to their preoperative values in both groups, and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The JGS and JGC angles in the TT group were significantly larger than those in the AM group (P < 0.05). CT three-dimensional reconstruction showed that the femoral tunnel center position of the AM approach was lower and deeper than that of the TT approach, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Graft MRI grade after TT approach was superior to am approach (P < 0.05).Conclusion There were no significant differences between the AM approach and the TT approach in terms of knee clinical function and stability, but the femoral tunnels of the AM approach were located deeper and lower, and closer to the femoral anatomic foot print area of the anterior cruciate ligament. The TT approach was superior to the AM approach in postoperative radiographic grading of grafts.
Analysis of the association between Janus kinase inhibitors and malignant skin tumors using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Liu Tianqi , Gao Ruonan , Li Li , wu bin , Wu Fengbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Malignant skin tumor (MST) is one of the most concerning possible adverse events of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, while the risk of drug-related MST events remains unproven.Aim This study aimed to evaluate the association between JAK inhibitors and adverse events of MST and to characterize the main features of drug-related MSTs.Method Data (2012 to 2021) were collected using the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Adverse event cases of JAK inhibitors as the primary suspected (PS) drug were extracted explicitly for further analysis. Disproportionality analysis evaluated the association between JAK inhibitors and MST events by estimating the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the information component (IC) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Results A total of 142,673 cases with JAK inhibitors as a PS drug were collected from FAERS, including 1,400 cases of MST events. Ruxolitinib, upadacitinib, tofacitinib, and baricitinib were included in the disproportionality analysis. Three JAK inhibitors were associated with MST events, including ruxolitinib (ROR 5.40, 95%CI 5.03–5.81; IC 2.39, 95%CI 2.14–2.62), upadacitinib (ROR 4.79, 95%CI 4.03–5.71; IC 2.24, 95%CI 1.62–2.77), and tofacitinib (ROR 1.67, 95%CI 1.53–1.83; IC 0.73, 95%CI 0.43–1.02). The median time to onset of MST events was 378.5 days.Conclusion The data mining of FAERS suggested an association between MSTs and ruxolitinib, upadacitinib, and tofacitinib. More attention should be paid to MST events when prescribing JAK inhibitors in clinical practice.
Childhood-Onset ANCA- Associated Vasculitis: Single center experience from Central California
Authors: Singh Deepika , Sukumaran Sukesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare and characterized by necrotizing inflammation and include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Pediatric data is scare and there have been no prior studies examining the characteristics of pediatric AAV in Central California, which has a Hispanic majority population.Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients ≤18 years of age diagnosed with AAV between 2010 and 2021, in Central California. We analyzed demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, and initial outcomes.Results Of the 21 patients with AAV, 12 were categorized as MPA. Median age at diagnosis was 13.7 years in MPA cohort and 14 years in GPA. MPA cohort had significantly high proportion of females (92% versus 44%). Fifty seven percent of the cohort were racial/ethnic minority including Hispanics (n = 9), Asians (n = 2), and multiracial (n = 1) and 43% were white (n = 9). Hispanic patients were more frequently diagnosed with MPA (89%) and positive for myeloperoxidase antibody (100%). White patients more often were diagnosed with GPA (78%) and expressed PR-3 positivity (89%). Median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 14 days in MPA cohort and 21 days in GPA cohort. Renal involvement was frequent (100% in MPA and 78% in GPA). GPA cohort had more frequent ENT involvement (89%). MPA cohort tended towards more severe disease with 67% requiring ICU admission and 50% requiring dialysis. Two deaths were reported in MPA cohort, related to Aspergillus pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. In MPA cohort, 42% received cyclophosphamide in combination with steroids and 42% received Rituximab in combination with steroids. GPA patients received cyclophosphamide, either with steroids alone (78%) or in combination with steroids and Rituximab (22%).Conclusions Microscopic polyangiitis was the most frequent AAV subtype with female preponderance, shorter duration of symptoms at onset and higher proportion of racial/ ethnic minority patients. We observed more frequent MPO positivity in Hispanic children. Trends towards higher rates of ICU admission and dialysis was noted in MPA. Patients with MPA received Rituximab more frequently. Future prospective studies are needed to understand differences in childhood onset AAV between diverse racial-ethnic groups.
Incidentally Detected Porcelain Gallbladder in a Case of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction: Case Report
Authors: Aggarwal Swati , Ohri Gunvi , Anand Madhur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common entity and occurrence of porcelain gallbladder is relatively less common but concurrence of both the conditions in a single patient is extremely rare. We report our experience in managing this concurrence.
Case report: A 67 years old lady presented with adhesive small bowel obstruction and we found porcelain gallbladder on a plain radiograph of abdomen along with features of small bowel obstruction. The patient was resuscitated and stabilised. Written informed consent was sought for laparotomy and cholecystectomy and thereafter she was operated for the same. The postoperative period was uneventful and she was discharged home after a brief hospital stay.
Discussion: Recent literature gives conflicting evidence on cholecystectomy for incidentally detected porcelain gallbladder but in view of the premalignant potential, after informed consent cholecystectomy can be considered
Conclusion: This to the best of our knowledge happens to be the first such concurrence of these entities.
RRS1: an prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma from a comprehesive analysis
Authors: Chen Yongzhi , Li Zhuo , Liu Zhengkai , Yi Jianing , Peng Rui , Bai Dousheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The regulator of ribosome synthesis 1 (RRS1) is a conserved nuclear protein in eukaryotes and is involved in the biological processes of a variety of tumors. However, its clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been completely elucidated. Methods To clarify the prognostic and diagnostic value of RRS1 in HCC patients by studying the relevant data of RRS1. TCGA data and GSE14520 database were used to clarify the expression and prognostic value of RRS1 in HCC. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RRS1 in HCC were screened, and further enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Next, we investigated the ceRNA regulatory mechanism of RRS1 and the correlation of RRS1 expression with cuproptosis related genes, immune microenvironment and cell cycle signaling pathway. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of HCC tissue and normal liver tissue and cell proliferation assay of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were performed. Results In our study, we found that the RRS1 high expression is closely related to poor prognosis. The enrichment analysis founded that many DEGs were enriched in cell cycle, response to copper ion, and regulation of adaptive immune response. Studies on the regulatory mechanism of ceRNA network make cleared that RRS1 expression was up-regulated in HCC by SNHG3/hsa-miR-216a-5p/RRS1 axis. Moreover, RRS1 may affect the progression of HCC patients through adjusting cuproptosis related genes, immune microenvironment and cell cycle signaling pathway. Finally, I demonstrated that RRS1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation assay showed that RRS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells and HCC LM3. Conclusions Altogether, RRS1 can serve as a new prognostic and diagnosis biomarker for HCC patients, and RRS1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC.
A surgical first: Application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for endoscopic third ventriculostomy in an infant
Authors: Lehner Markus , Esslinger Peter , Szavay Philipp 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Neonatal hydrocephalus requires early recognition and appropriate surgical management to prevent long term sequalae. Definitive surgical management includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion through a CSF shunt insertion, or neuro-endoscopic third ventriculostomy with or without choroid plexus cauterization. Surgical decision-making and the chosen approach are based on patient age, etiology, imaging, and comorbidities. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been proven to provide a reasonable treatment option for hydrocephalus in children under 12 months of age. To our knowledge we report for the first time the application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to visualize the basilar artery during an ETV to prevent from harming the vessel.
Patients and methods:
A 7mo old patient with a history of preterm delivery at 27 weeks of gestation and intraventricular bleeding grade 2 developed consecutive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal obstruction. Indication was made for ETV.
Results:
ETV was carried out. During the procedure indocyanine green was applied to visualize the basilar artery prior to opening the floor of the third ventricle. This provided the surgical team with a clear picture of the anatomy thus enabling ETV while safely sparing the basilar artery.
Discussion:
ETV in infants are demanding procedures. The risk of harming the basilar artery is immanent as the vessel with its known anatomical variants cannot be clearly visualized through the floor of the third ventricle. With the application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging this can be overcome providing an increased safety during the actual ETV. To our knowledge this is the first report on the use of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for pediatric ETV. It might offer a new range of safety while providing minimal invasive neuro-endoscopic procedures to infant patients.
The efficacy and safety of anamorelin for cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taniguchi Jumpei , Mikura Sunao , Lopes Katharina Silva 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome (CACS) is characterized by anorexia and loss of body weight. Evidence is insufficient to strongly endorse any pharmacologic agent for the treatment of CACS. In this systematic review, we assessed the efficacy of oral anamorelin treatment for patients with CACS. On July 6, 2022, we systematically searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with CACS comparing oral anamorelin versus placebo: CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, and ICHUSHI. The primary outcomes were total body weight (TBW), patient-reported quality of life (QOL), and adverse events (AEs). Secondary outcomes included lean body mass (LBM), overall survival (OS), non-dominant hand grip strength (HGS), and appetite. We included seven RCTs with a total of 1944 CACS patients. Anamorelin significantly increased TBW (mean difference (MD) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34 to 2.13, p < 0.00001), LBM (MD 1.06, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.81, p = 0.006), and QOL (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, p = 0.006) compared with placebo without a significant difference in all AEs, serious AEs, OS, HGS or appetite. Anamorelin may be an effective treatment for CACS patients; however, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of this drug.
Spatio-temporal Variability of Land Use/Cover in the Araucarias Biosphere Reserve, Chile: Management Guidelines for Sustainable Development.
Authors: Ortega-Alul Nemo , Vergara-Fernandez Cristian , Argandoña-Castro Fabián , Gallardo-Alvarez Natalia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biosphere Reserves are one of the main policy instruments for protecting areas of high ecological value. However, more information is needed about land use/cover changes within Biosphere Reserves, specifically considering dynamics in their core, buffer, and transition zones. This study aimed to analyse the dynamics of land use/cover change between 1961 and 2018 and assess future changes from 2018 to 2034 in part of the Araucarias Biosphere Reserve located in south-central Chile. Land use/cover maps were obtained through photointerpretation of aerial photography and satellite images. Land use/cover transitions, gains, losses, and net changes were then calculated for the periods 1961–1974, 1987–2002, and 2002–2018. Futures changes until 2034 were simulated using Markov chains and cellular automata. Results showed that between 1961 and 1987, 95% of the study area remained stable, with small changes associated with the succession of natural vegetation and the abandonment of areas dedicated to crops and livestock. However, between 1987 and 2018, an increased in anthropogenic activity contributed to two wildfire that affected large areas of old-growth forest in the core and buffer zones. The results indicate that the conservation of the core area of the biosphere reserve is threatened by the lack of territorial planning instruments to organise the activities carried out in the buffer and transition areas of the Biosphere Reserve. In the absence of new wildfires, most of the natural vegetation may recover through natural or assisted ecological restoration.
A Metallurgical Understanding of Welding Electrode Specifications for High Strength Steels
Authors: Sampath Krishna , Varadarajan Rajan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-strength steel (HSS) welding electrode specifications offer two sets of Tables for compliance, one on Specified Electrode Chemical Composition Requirements and the other on Specified Minimum Weld Mechanical Properties Requirements. These sets of Tables may appear mutually exclusive but underlying metallurgical principles keep them inter-dependent. Suppressing austenite transformation-start (TS) temperature simultaneously increases both strength and low-temperature impact toughness of HSS weld metal (WM). Specifically, a two-step approach is useful in understanding the metallurgy of high-performance electrodes and WMs. This approach includes calculated TS temperatures such as Ar3, BS or MS, besides carbon content, carbon equivalent number (CEN) and balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions that correlate identified WM chemical composition with desired high-performance microstructures to meet or exceed minimum WM tensile and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact toughness property requirements. The first step uses a set of constitutive (statistical/regression) equations to control the amounts of principal alloy elements such as C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Cu so the relevant calculated TS temperatures such as Ar3, BS, or MS and CEN stay in a desirable range relative to the base metals being joined. While doing so, one also needs to ascertain that the common progression of calculated TS temperatures wherein Ar3 > BS > MS remains valid. The second step requires balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O additions to further lower the actual TS temperature compared to the calculated TS temperature. Both a lower TS temperature and a narrow start-to-finish (TS–TF) temperature range ensure exceptional CVN impact toughness. The balanced Ti (and/or Zr), B, Al, N, O content can be ascertained using an artificial neural network (ANN) model offered by the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) at its website. The JWES ANN model allows one to manipulate 16 elements of the WM compositions, each within a specified range and seek a lower predictive temperature range for achieving 28 J absorbed energy (T28J/°C) during CVN impact testing.