bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional and longitudinal assessments of function in prodromal‐to‐mild Alzheimer's disease: A comparison of the ADCS‐ADL and A‐IADL‐Q scales
Authors: Teng Edmond , Li Yihao , Manser Paul T. , Pickthorn Karen , Butcher Brandon D. , Blendstrup Mira , Randolph Christopher , Sikkes Sietske A.M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrior observational work in a heterogeneous cohort of participants with mild cognitive impairment suggests the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A‐IADL‐Q) may have greater sensitivity for functional decline than the more established Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living (ADCS‐ADL) scale. However, the relative utility of the A‐IADL‐Q versus the ADCS‐ADL for clinical trials in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains uncertain.MethodsWe compared baseline and longitudinal performance of the A‐IADL‐Q and ADCS‐ADL in participants with biomarker‐confirmed prodromal (pAD; n = 158) or mild (mAD; n = 283) AD enrolled in the 18‐month Tauriel study of semorinemab (NCT03289143).ResultsThe A‐IADL‐Q exhibited numerically stronger discrimination between pAD and mAD participants at baseline per Cohen's d analyses and similar sensitivity to longitudinal decline across cohorts over 18 months relative to the ADCS‐ADL.DiscussionThe comparable performance of the ADCS‐ADL and A‐IADL‐Q supports the utility of the A‐IADL‐Q in early AD clinical trials.Highlights
The Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A‐IADL‐Q) may be more sensitive than the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS‐ADL) for distinguishing prodromal and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).
A‐IADL‐Q and ADCS‐ADL are similarly sensitive to decline in early AD over 18 months.
Comparable performance of these indices supports A‐IADL‐Q use in future AD trials.
Additional AD clinical trial data could extend findings across more diverse cohorts.
Changes in the landscape patterns of Black‐necked Crane habitat and its correlation with their individual population numbers during the past 40 years in China
Authors: Yang Ying , Xie Chou , Shen Chaoyong , Tian Bangsen , Wang Shudong , Bian Xiaolin , Guo Yihong , Zhu Yu , Fang Haoran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe landscape pattern of the Black‐necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) habitat in China changed at different spatial scales and long‐term periods due to natural factors and human activities, and habitat reduction and fragmentation threatened the survival of Black‐necked Cranes. The factors driving the habitat landscape pattern and individual population changes of Black‐necked Cranes remain to be studied. In this paper, based on remote sensing data of land use from 1980 to 2020, the changes in landscape pattern and fragmentation of the Black‐necked Crane habitat in China over 40 years were analyzed from two different spatial scales using the land cover transfer matrix and landscape index. The correlation between landscape and Black‐necked Crane individual population was analyzed. The most obvious observations were as follows: (1) Although transformation between landscapes occurred to varying degrees, the area of wetlands and arable land in the breeding and the wintering areas (net) increased significantly from 1980 to 2020. (2) Habitat fragmentation existed in the breeding and the wintering area and was more obvious in the wintering area. (3) The number of individuals of Black‐necked Cranes increased period by period, and habitat fragmentation did not inhibit their population growth. (4) The number of individuals of Black‐necked Crane was closely related to the wetland and arable land. The increasing area of wetlands and arable and the increasing landscape shape complexity all contributed to the growth of the individual population. The results also suggested that the number of individuals of Black‐necked Crane was not threatened by the expanding arable land in China, and they might benefit from arable landscapes. The conservation of Black‐necked Cranes should focus on the relationship between individual Black‐necked Cranes and arable landscapes, and the conservation of other waterbirds should also focus on the relationship between individual waterbirds and other landscapes.
Metabarcoding of fecal pellets in wild muskox populations reveals negative relationships between microbiome and diet alpha diversity
Authors: Prewer Erin , Vilaça Sibelle T. , Bird Samantha , Kutz Susan , Leclerc Lisa‐Marie , Kyle Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicrobiome diversity and diet composition concomitantly influence species health, fitness, immunity, and digestion. In environments where diet varies spatially and temporally, microbiome plasticity may promote rapid host adaptation to available resources. For northern ungulates in particular, metabarcoding of noninvasively collected fecal pellets presents unprecedented insights into their diverse ecological requirements and niches by clarifying the interrelationships of microbiomes, key to deriving nutrients, in context of altered forage availability in changing climates. Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are Arctic‐adapted species that experience fluctuating qualities and quantities of vegetation. Geography and seasonality have been noted to influence microbiome composition and diversity in muskoxen, yet it is unclear how their microbiomes intersect with diet. Following observations from other species, we hypothesized increasing diet diversity would result in higher microbiome diversity in muskoxen. We assessed diet composition in muskoxen using three common plant metabarcoding markers and explored correlations with microbiome data. Patterns of dietary diversity and composition were not fully concordant among the markers used, yet all reflected the primary consumption of willows and sedges. Individuals with similar diets had more similar microbiomes, yet in contrast to most literature, yielded negative relationships between microbiome and diet alpha diversity. This negative correlation may reflect the unique capacities of muskoxen to survive solely on high‐fiber Arctic forage and provide insight into their resiliency to exploit changing dietary resources in a rapidly warming Arctic altering vegetation diversity.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences inMADS‐boxgenes of different hypericum in Changbai Mountains
Authors: Yunrui Xia , Rui Song , Xing Yang , Zhe Zhao , Keqin Zhang , Nanyi Zhang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo explore the differences between the hypericum in the Changbai Mountains, we carried out a transcriptome analysis of two common hypericums in the area, which wasHypericum attenuatumChoisy andHypericum longistylumOliv. We screened theMADS‐boxgenes to analyze divergence time and evolutionary selection expression, and determine their expression levels. The results showed that we detected 9287 differentially expressed genes in the two species, of which shared 6044 genes by the two species. Analysis of the selectedMADSgenes revealed that the species was in an environment adapted to its natural evolution. The divergence time estimation showed that the segregation of these genes in the two species was related to the changes of external environment and genome replication events. The results of relative expression showed that the later flowering period ofHypericum attenuatumChoisy was related to the higher expression of theSVP (SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE)and theAGL12 (AGAMOUS LIKE 12), while the lower expression of theFUL (FRUITFULL).
Change agents in Germany's energy transition: Role of the state of Schleswig‐Holstein in wind electricity development from the 1970s to 2009
Authors: Watanabe Rie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnergiewende (energy transition) has become a worldwide critical challenge. Unlike extensive literature that explains Germany's energy transition focusing on federal actors, this study analyzes the role of Schleswig‐Holstein in federal wind energy policy‐making. Schleswig‐Holstein was an economically poor state governed by the Christian Democratic Union from 1950 to 1988 and supported nuclear energy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By integrating the notions of “leaders,” “pioneers,” and “entrepreneurs,” and exploring the relationship between these change agents and “followers,” this study elucidates a nuanced classification of actors. An examination of proceedings of the federal assembly, the second chamber, and the Schleswig‐Holstein state parliament revealed that Schleswig‐Holstein changed its role from a potential veto‐coalition player in the 1970s to a constructive pusher of repowering older windmills in the 2009 Renewable Energy Act revision. This study also highlights that leaders, pioneers, and entrepreneurs do not necessarily overlap and do capture different change agents.
Watch out! A path from anxiety to anorexia nervosa through biased attention?
Authors: Radix Anne Kathrin , Sfärlea Anca , Rinck Mike , Becker Eni Sabine , Platt Belinda , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Legenbauer Tanja 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvidence points towards heightened anxiety and attention biases (AB) towards disorder‐specific (threatening) stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). To date, it is unclear how anxiety and AB interact in eating disorders (ED). The present study tests the causal role of anxiety by inducing anxiety before a dot‐probe task with either ED‐specific stimuli or unspecific negative (threat‐related) information. We expected that anxiety would elicit AB for ED‐specific, but not for unspecific threat‐related stimuli.MethodsAdolescents with AN (AN, n = 32) or depression (DEP, n = 27) and healthy controls (HC, n = 29) underwent an anxiety induction or a low anxiety control task before a pictorial dot‐probe task with either under‐/overweight body‐related pictures or non‐disorder‐related threatening pictures (angry faces). BMI, level of ED symptoms, anxiety, stress, and depression were assessed at baseline.ResultsThe anxiety induction did not affect the observed attention pattern. AN showed an AB towards underweight body pictures compared to HC, whereas no disorder‐unspecific threat‐related AB emerged. Regression analyses revealed that only anxiety predicted the AB towards underweight body pictures.DiscussionFurther experimental research may integrate eye tracking as an additional tool, or collect information on body dissatisfaction to obtain a better understanding of how anxiety biases attention.
Occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Contamination of Food Sources and Aquaculture Organisms Used in Aquatic Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Rushing Rosie , Schmokel Christopher , Brooks Bryan W. , Simcik Matt F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When performing basic and translational laboratory studies with aquatic organisms, particularly for bioaccumulation, toxicity, or biotransformation experiments, it is imperative to control the route and dose of exposure. Contamination of feed and the organisms prior to study could alter the results of an experiment. Furthermore, if organisms not exposed in the lab are used for quality assurance/quality control, then blank levels, method detection limits, and limits of quantitation can be affected. In an effort to determine the magnitude of this potential issue for exposure studies involving Pimephales promelas, we analyzed a suite of 24 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in four types of feed from three different companies and in organisms from five aquaculture facilities. Contamination with PFAS was found in all types of materials and organisms from all aquaculture farms. The most frequently detected PFAS in fish feed and aquaculture fathead minnows were perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Concentrations of total and individual PFAS in feed ranged from nondetect to 76 ng/g and from nondetect to 60 ng/g, respectively. Fathead minnows were contaminated with PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate as well as several perflourocarboxylic acids. Concentrations of total and individual PFAS ranged from 1.4 to 351 ng/g and from nondetect to 328 ng/g, respectively. The PFOS measured in food was primarily the linear isomer, consistent with greater bioaccumulation of that isomer in organisms raised as fish food. Future studies are necessary to define the extent of PFAS contamination in aquatic culture facilities and aquaculture production operations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1463–1471. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Igneous records of transformation from ocean to continent of Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean: Evidence from granitoids of Woduhe area, Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Liu Qing , Liu Cui , Deng Jinfu , Liu Jixu , Duan Peixin , Zhang Yu , Zhao Handong , Tian Shipan 
Published: June 2023

The Woduhe area of Heilongjiang Province is located in the eastern side of the Greater Xing'an Range. This area has experienced the evolution of the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean, the Palaeo‐Pacific, and the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean, and it can be used to discuss the transformation process of these palaeo‐oceanic plates to continental plates. However, controversies exist over its time period and the process of transformation. The 1:250000 Woduhe Geological Map shows that Early Cretaceous granitic batholith developed near the Dajinshan area. However, the LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating presented in this paper shows that the trondhjemites from the southern part of the Dajinshan area were formed at 156.9 ± 2.2 Ma, syenogranites were formed at 131.7 ± 1.6 Ma, and diorite porphyrite dikes were formed at 126.0 ± 3.1 Ma. Therefore, Early Cretaceous batholiths should be reclassified as different, separate units. The Late Jurassic intrusive rocks belong to TTGG assemblages (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite‐granite). Trace element spider diagrams show that the rocks are enriched in K, Pb, Zr, and Hf; depleted in Nb, Ta, and Eu; with higher Sr; and lower Y content. The rare earth element pattern is right‐sloping (La/Yb > 12). The Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks belong to G assemblages (granodiorite). Combined with the tectonic settings, we determined that the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous granites were formed in a magmatic arc setting related to subduction. Late Jurassic intrusive magma mainly originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust under the Xing'an arc, and was likely contaminated by mantle material. Early Cretaceous intrusive magma originated from the partial melting of the Xing'an sub‐arc crust. Based on the distribution of the Late Jurassic TTG (N and NE) and G (S and SW) assemblages, intrusive records of the southward and southwestward subduction of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean can be observed. In addition, the grade of maturity of the Xing'an arc is increasing during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
Phenols as Novel Photocatalytic Platforms for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Filippini Giacomo , Dosso Jacopo , Prato Maurizio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, organic chemists have devoted a great deal of effort towards the implementation of novel green photocatalytic synthetic protocols. To this end, the development of new effective, non‐toxic, inexpensive photocatalysts, which are capable of driving value‐added chemical transformations, is highly desirable. Interestingly, phenols fulfill all these requirements due to their outstanding physicochemical features, therefore emerging as promising metal‐free photocatalytic platforms for organic synthesis. This Perspective aims at highlighting the most recent applications of phenols in organic photocatalysis. More specifically, phenolate anions, formed upon deprotonation of phenols, are photo‐active organic intermediates that may absorb light within the visible region. Thus, when in the excited states, these anions may be used as reductants to generate reactive open shell species from suitable precursors under mild operative conditions. Alternatively, phenolate anions and suitable radical precursors can form electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complexes. Specifically, the photochemical activity of these molecular aggregates can be used to initiate organic radical reactions. Lastly, forward‐looking opportunities within this research field have been discussed.
Hematological Oncology journal women in lymphoma special issue: Latest updates in nodal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Poon Limei , de Leval Laurence , Ng Siok Bian , Song Yuqin , Pro Barbara , Savage Kerry J. , Ruan Jia , Mehta‐Shah Neha , Vose Julie M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been increased understanding of the pathologic features and biology of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) through development of multi omics and molecular profiling techniques. In addition, international collaborations through multi center trials as well as prospective registry studies have improved our knowledge of host and tumor genomic factors and treatment factors affecting disease outcomes. In our review today, we aim to highlight the current epidemiology, latest advances in classification, disease biology and the evolving treatment landscape for nodal PTCLs.
Peptidomics analysis of human breast milk from women with postpartum depression reveals its potential pathogenesis
Authors: Xu Xuyao , Wang Suli , Mei Shijuan , Xie Kaipeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder during the postnatal period, and it exerts adverse impacts not only on mothers but also on infants, impairing the well‐being of the whole family. However, the role of peptides in the breast milk of mothers with PPD has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to unveil the peptidomic profile of PPD from breast milk samples.MethodsWe performed comparative peptidomic profiling of human breast milk from PPD and control mothers using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technology with iTRAQ‐8 labelling. GO and KEGG pathway analyses of precursor proteins were used to predict the underlying biological functions of differentially expressed peptides (DEPs). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was further performed to explore the interactions and involved pathways of DEPs.ResultsA total of 294 peptides from 62 precursor proteins were identified to be differentially expressed in the breast milk of PPD mothers compared with the control group. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that these DEPs were associated with ECM–receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecule binding and oxidative stress in macrophages. These results indicate that DEPs from human breast milk may play a part in PPD and become promising noninvasive biomarkers.
Acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase substrate promiscuity: Challenges and opportunities for development of substrate reduction therapy in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism
Authors: Houten Sander M. , Dodatko Tetyana , Dwyer William , Violante Sara , Chen Hongjie , Stauffer Brandon , DeVita Robert J. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Cross Justin R. , Yu Chunli , Leandro João 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToxicity of accumulating substrates is a significant problem in several disorders of valine and isoleucine degradation notably short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (ECHS1 or crotonase) deficiency, 3‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) deficiency, propionic acidemia (PA), and methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). Isobutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD8) and short/branched‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD, ACADSB) function in the valine and isoleucine degradation pathways, respectively. Deficiencies of these acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes are considered biochemical abnormalities with limited or no clinical consequences. We investigated whether substrate reduction therapy through inhibition of ACAD8 and SBCAD can limit the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates in disorders of valine and isoleucine metabolism. Using analysis of acylcarnitine isomers, we show that 2‐methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) inhibited SBCAD, isovaleryl‐CoA dehydrogenase, short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, but not ACAD8. MCPA treatment of wild‐type and PA HEK‐293 cells caused a pronounced decrease in C3‐carnitine. Furthermore, deletion of ACADSB in HEK‐293 cells led to an equally strong decrease in C3‐carnitine when compared to wild‐type cells. Deletion of ECHS1 in HEK‐293 cells caused a defect in lipoylation of the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which was not rescued by ACAD8 deletion. MCPA was able to rescue lipoylation in ECHS1 KO cells, but only in cells with prior ACAD8 deletion. SBCAD was not the sole ACAD responsible for this compensation, which indicates substantial promiscuity of ACADs in HEK‐293 cells for the isobutyryl‐CoA substrate. Substrate promiscuity appeared less prominent for 2‐methylbutyryl‐CoA at least in HEK‐293 cells. We suggest that pharmacological inhibition of SBCAD to treat PA should be investigated further.
Simplified and effective RNA interference and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems for Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chen Qiying , An Binyi , Peng Xinyuan , Wu Yifan , Peng Min , Zhang Chen , He Yifan , Sang Hong , Kong Qingtao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin is one of the important virulence factors for Cryptococcus neoformans, which may trigger immune responses in the host. While the production of DOPA melanin is catalyzed by laccase that is predominantly encoded by LAC1 gene. Therefore, regulating the genetic expression of C. neoformans is conducive to exploring the impact of interested molecules on the host. In this work, we established two systems that were constructed quickly and easily for the knock‐down/knock‐out of LAC1 gene: RNA interference (RNAi) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR‐Cas9. The RNAi system was constructed by pSilencer 4.1‐CMV neo plasmid and short hairpin RNA to achieve effective transcriptional suppression. The CRISPR‐Cas9 system was used the PNK003 vectors to obtain a stable albino mutant strain. The results of phenotype, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscope, and spectrophotometry were used to assess the ability of melanin production. As a result, the RNAi system displayed attenuation of transcriptional suppression when the transformants continuously passed on new plates. However, the transcriptional suppression of long loop in short hairpin RNA was more powerful and lasted longer. An albino strain produced by CRISPR‐Cas9 was completely unable to synthesize melanin. In conclusion, strains with different capacities of melanin production were obtained by RNAi and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems, which might be useful for exploring the linear relation between melanin and immunoreaction of the host. In addition, the two systems in this article might be convenient to quickly screen the possible trait‐regulating genes of other serotypes of C. neoformans.