bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tremelimumab plus Durvalumab prior to Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable, Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Induction Trial
Authors: Smeenk Michiel M. , van Diessen Judi N.A. , Boellaard Thierry N. , Hartemink Koen J. , de Vries Jeltje F. , van der Noort Vincent , Badrising Sushil K. , Owers Emilia C. , Monkhorst Kim , van den Heuvel Michel M. , Theelen Willemijn S.M.E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
The phase I induction trial (NCT04287894) assessed the feasibility and safety of induction immunotherapy (IIT) prior to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with unresectable stage II/III NSCLC were eligible for inclusion. Patients received either one cycle of tremelimumab (75 mg) with two cycles of durvalumab (1,500 mg) in cohort I, one cycle of tremelimumab (300 mg) with two cycles of durvalumab in cohort II, or one cycle of tremelimumab (300 mg) with one cycle of durvalumab in cohort III. After IIT, a comprehensive radiological and pathological restaging was performed followed by cCRT. The combined primary endpoint was the feasibility and safety of IIT-cCRT.

Results:
Fifteen of 17 included patients were treated per protocol. IIT-cCRT was completed in 13 of the 15 patients within the predefined feasibility criteria. Grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events occurred in seven of the 15 patients, of which six were treated in the high-dose tremelimumab cohorts, thereby violating the safety criteria in cohorts II and III. The low-dose tremelimumab cohort (I) complied with safety criteria. Eleven patients had multilevel N2 or N3 disease at baseline; eight of these patients were downstaged to either N0/N1 or single-level N2 after IIT. Multiparametric MRI accurately identified nodal downstaging in all seven patients.

Conclusions:
Induction with high-dose tremelimumab plus durvalumab prior to cCRT in unresectable locally advanced NSCLC was associated with unacceptable toxicity, although IIT resulted in clinically relevant nodal downstaging in eight of the 11 patients with baseline multilevel N2 or N3 disease. Multiparametric MRI showed potential for evaluating treatment response.
Evaluation of Intensive Statins and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors on Intracranial Artery Plaque Stability: A Prospective Single‐Arm Study
Authors: Zeng Weiqi , Zhou Feng , Zhao Hai , Wang Yukai , Chen Jingjuan , Lu Jiancong , Zheng Dezhi , Kuang Jingyun , Yuan Dahua , Zhou Jing , Shi Changzheng , Zhao Xihai , Leng Xinyi , Yan Bernard , Tan Zefeng 
Published: January 2025

Background
Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is a leading cause of ischemic stroke and recurrent events due to plaque instability. High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging identifies plaque enhancement as a key marker of instability. This study evaluated the efficacy of combined high‐intensity statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors in plaque stabilization.

Methods
In this prospective, single‐arm study, patients with acute stroke and intracranial atherosclerotic stroke in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery or basilar artery were enrolled. After 24 weeks of intensive statin and evolocumab therapy, high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging assessments of intracranial vessels were conducted at baseline and follow‐up. The primary end point was the change in stenosis degree; secondary end points included changes in plaque enhancement (contrast ratio) and plaque burden.

Results

Thirty‐six patients (median age, 58 years) participated. After therapy, stenosis decreased from 75.9% (interquartile range, 69.5%–84.8%) to 65.3% (interquartile range, 53.8%–75.0%;
P
<0.001). Contrast ratio grades and contrast volume decreased significantly (
P
<0.001), and lumen area increased (from 1.03 mm
2
[interquartile range, 0.59–1.72 mm
2
] to 2.08 mm
2
[interquartile range, 1.00–3.10 mm
2
];
P
<0.001). No significant changes were observed in wall area, wall area index, or remodeling index. A notable correlation between the decrease in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio and reduction in contrast volume was observed.

Conclusions
Combining proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors with high‐intensity statins may improve plaque stability and reduce lumen stenosis in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2200058029.
Real‐World Experience in Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair: Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair in Spain Registry
Authors: Sisinni Antonio , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Freixa Xavier , Arzamendi Dabit , Moñivas Vanessa , Carrasco‐Chinchilla Fernando , Pan Manuel , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Pascual Isaac , Benito‐González Tomás , Perez Ruth , Gómez‐Blázquez Iván , Amat‐Santos Ignacio J. , Cruz‐González Ignacio , Sánchez‐Recalde Ángel , Alvarez Ana Belén Cid , Sanchis Laura , Caneiro‐Queija Berenice , Li Chi Hion , del Trigo Maria , Martínez‐Carmona Jose David , Mesa Dolores , Pozo Eduardo , Avanzas Pablo , Cepas‐Guillén Pedro , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo 
Published: January 2025

Background
Significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The development of transcatheter valve repair therapies has opened a wide range of opportunities for treatment of patients with high surgical risk. Real‐world data might improve patient selection and outcome. The authors sought to investigate acute and short‐term cardiovascular outcomes of tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (T‐TEER) with dedicated devices in a real‐world setting.

Methods and Results

This is a retrospective, single‐arm, multicenter registry conducted at 15 sites in Spain. The primary end point was a composite of all‐cause death, rehospitalization for heart failure, and tricuspid valve re‐intervention. Patients included (n=283) were older (76±9 years, 70% female), and showed significant comorbidities. Massive or torrential TR was present in 55% of subjects, with secondary cause being the main mechanism of regurgitation in ≈80% of individuals. Intraprocedural success was achieved in 79% of patients. At 1‐year follow‐up, significant improvements in TR grade (≥3+, 100% to 25%,
P
<0.001) and New York Heart Association functional class (I/II, 33%–86%,
P
<0.001) were observed. Lead‐induced cause and single leaflet device attachment emerged as independent predictors of at least severe predischarge residual TR. In‐hospital mortality occurred in 4 (1.4%) patients, whereas the Kaplan–Meier estimated 1‐year primary end point occurrence rate was 21%. Intraprocedural success (hazard ratio, 0.353 [95% CI, 0.156–0.798];
P
=0.012), was found to be an independent predictor of primary end point.

Conclusions
In a real‐world contemporary setting, tricuspid transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with dedicated devices emerged as effective therapeutic option for patients with severe TR.
A non-invasive method during routine handling indicates docility in a wild, crevice-nesting seabird
Authors: Legard Matthew J. , Davoren Gail K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Personality traits have been identified in many animals but species that are hard to observe in the wild present unique challenges. We aimed to determine an appropriate method for identifying docility in a crevice-nesting seabird (razorbill, Alca torda) by conducting three tests associated with this trait. Two tests used quantitative behavioural coding (crevice extraction, restraint), while the other used qualitative observer ratings (routine handling). Chick-rearing razorbills () in Newfoundland, Canada were tested across two years (2021, 2022), with 16 tested in both years. Observer ratings during routine handling had the highest repeatability (, 95% CI = 0.007–0.831), compared to quantified scores during extraction (, 95% CI = 0–0.399) and restraint (, 95% CI = 0–0.294) tests. Overall, findings suggest that observer ratings may be a good method to quantify personality traits in species that are hard to observe in the wild.
Intersectional v. Narrow Approaches to Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes: Contrasting Outcomes and Gleaning Useful Techniques
Authors: Martin Ana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As interest in intersectionality mounts, this article explores the workings of this approach dealing with sexual and gender-based violence (sgbv) in international criminal law (icl). Based on an empirical analysis of jurisprudence from the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda (icty, ictr) and from the Special Court for Sierra Leone (scsl), it argues that, contrary to icl’s traditionally narrow approach, intersectionality unveils the gendered causes and consequences of sgbv. An overview of rape in detention at the icty illustrates the limitations of the narrow approach. Then, enlightening dissenting opinions using an intersectional lens are contrasted with the Majority’s narrow approach in decisions from the ictr and scsl. Finally, a gender intersectional analysis is gleaned from the scsl’s ruf trial judgment. The findings reveal the potential of intersectionality to unpack the individual and group harms of sgbv, thereby advancing a pending task of feminism dealing with armed conflict.
Digital Technology Adoption and Changes in Energy Intensity in German Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Axenbeck Janna , Niebel Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are generally believed to have significant potential to reduce energy intensity. In contrast to previous empirical studies, which have relied on aggregated data, we conduct the first large-scale firm-level investigation into this relationship. Our results, which are based on administrative panel data on 28,600 German manufacturing firms, confirm a robust negative relationship between software capital (our proxy for the degree of firm digitalization) and energy intensity for the years 2009 to 2017. However, the effect size is rather small. For the average firm, we find that a 1 percent increase in software usage relates to a decrease in energy intensity by 0.003 percent. Hence, contrary to previous industry-level results, we do not observe substantial energy intensity improvements in connection with ICT adoption. Moreover, we find that the relationship between ICT and energy intensity exhibits properties that can lead to an aggregation bias. JEL Classification: C32, H23, O33, O38, Q56, Q58.
Comparing residual kidney function equations based on β2-microglobulin in Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Huang Chunxiang , Liu Dan , Weng Ning , Luo Fenxia 
Published: January 2025

Background Few studies have evaluated the predictive capability of equations for residual kidney function (RKF) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Moreover, the applicability of each equation remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the performances of the estimated RKF (eRKF) equations of Shafi, Steubl, and Jaques in Chinese patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Methods This was a retrospective study. We enrolled patients who underwent CAPD and RKF measurements (via 24-h urine collection) in our hospital between November 2021 and May 2022. Using the measured RKF (mRKF) as the reference, we derived the bias, precision and accuracy of each equation. Results We enrolled 174 participants. The mean β2-microglobulin and median mRKF were 29.00 ± 8.69 mg/L and 2.94 (1.26, 4.65) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The Steubl equation had the least bias (MD [95% confidence interval, CI]: −0.52 [−0.77 to −0.38]), higher precision (interquartile range: 1.43 [1.16, 1.76]), and highest accuracy (83%). It also had a high diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients with an mRKF of > 2.5 mL/min/1.73 m2, area under the curve of 0.936 95% CI [0.903–0.970], p < 0.001), cut-off value of 1.80 mL/min/1.73 m2, specificity of 0.895, and sensitivity of 0.847. Conclusion Although no equation was fully accurate, the Steubl equation identified patients suitable for an incremental PD prescription more accurately than the Shafi and Jaques versions. It may be useful for monitoring the RKF of Chinese patients undergoing CAPD who are unable to reliably collect urine.
Intelligent classification of lung cancer pathology images through comparative morphological feature learning
Authors: Peng Fangfang , Li Saihong 
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer pathology images are categorized with enhanced accuracy in this research, addressing the significant challenge posed by the limited availability of labeled images, a limitation exacerbated by the complexity of cellular morphologies. Background The accurate classification of lung cancer pathology images is of paramount importance for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, the development of robust classification models is often hindered by the intricate cellular morphologies and the scarcity of labeled images, which is a critical bottleneck in the field. Objectives The study is designed to incorporate unlabeled data into the training process, thereby enhancing the classification of lung cancer pathology images through the use of comparative learning techniques. Methods A methodology is introduced wherein confidently classified unlabeled images are integrated with labeled ones, enriching the training dataset. This approach draws on principles of farthest and nearest neighbor contrastive learning to cultivate a more challenging learning environment and to augment the variability of contrastive samples. To effectively extract key cellular morphological features, an encoder based on the ResNet50 architecture, fortified with deformable and dynamic convolutional techniques, is utilized. Results Demonstrated by experimental results, the proposed classification strategy achieves a significant improvement in the accuracy of lung cancer image classification, even under conditions characterized by a limited availability of labeled data, thus underscoring the robustness of the method. Conclusion The integration of comparative learning with both labeled and unlabeled images, complemented by the application of advanced convolutional techniques, is shown to be a promising avenue for enhancing the classification of lung cancer pathology images. This research is presented as a practical solution to the urgent need for accurate and efficient diagnostic tools in the field of oncology.
Employment-Related Assistive Technologies for Autistic Individuals: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zhou Kaiqi , Richard Constance , Kim Jaeyoung 
Published: January 2025

Background Autistic individuals face challenges in obtaining and retaining employment due to autism-related characteristics and workplace barriers. Assistive technologies (ATs) offer potential solutions but show gaps in practical application. Objectives This scoping review explores the types, characteristics, and effectiveness of ATs used in employment by autistic individuals. It also investigates the involvement of professionals from different fields in AT service delivery. Methods The study followed Arksey and O’Malley's scoping review framework. The search was conducted utilizing a total of eight databases and relevant references, retrieving articles for peer-reviewed studies published between 1998 and 2022. Inclusion criteria focused on empirical evaluations of ATs for employment-related purposes among autistic individuals aged 16 or older. Data were extracted and synthesized based on predefined categories. Results Thirty studies were identified, primarily targeting pre-employment skill training using ATs such as video modeling, virtual reality, and covert audio coaching. Few studies addressed on-the-job performance or retention. Most ATs were applied passively with limited user training or engagement. Researchers from fields like special education and psychology dominated the studies, with minimal involvement from rehabilitation counseling professionals. Conclusions While ATs show promise in pre-employment settings, their use for post-hiring support remains underexplored. Future research should prioritize active learning, rigorous methodologies, and interdisciplinary collaboration, especially with rehabilitation counselors, to enhance AT applicability. Addressing training, affordability, and user satisfaction is essential for long-term success.
Post-Stroke Recovery in Relation to Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons and Perineuronal Nets
Authors: Kuhl Lydia M. , Jeffers Matthew S. , Hristozov Nicolay , Karthikeyan Sudhir , McDonald Matthew W. , Hufnagel Aisha , Carter Anthony , Dancause Numa , Corbett Dale 
Published: January 2025

Background: There is a critical time window of post-stroke neuroplasticity when spontaneous behavioral recovery occurs. Potential factors responsible for this heightened plasticity are the reduction of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV+) interneuron inhibitory signaling and the disappearance of extracellular matrix synaptic stabilizers called perineuronal net(s; PNN/PNNs). Objective: This study investigated whether behavioral recovery during this critical period following stroke is associated with changes in densities of PV+ interneurons and PNNs. Methods Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received forelimb motor cortex stroke (n = 43) using endothelin-1, or vehicle injections (n = 44). Cohorts of rats underwent a battery of motor tests and were sacrificed within the post-stroke critical window on day 1, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Using immunofluorescent labeling, PNNs (wisteria floribunda agglutinin; WFA+ cells), PV+ interneurons, and cells expressing both PV and PNNs were quantified in contra- and ipsilesional cortices to elucidate their spatial-temporal profiles following stroke. Results PV+ interneuron density decreased significantly at 1-day post-stroke in the lateral ipsilesional cortex, while the density of PNNs was significantly lower up to 4 weeks post-stroke in the lateral ipsilesional cortex and at 1 and 2 weeks post-stroke in the medial ipsilesional cortex. Reduction of combined PV+/PNN signaling coincided with spontaneous behavioral recovery. Conclusions These results suggest that post-stroke behavioral recovery corresponds to an early reduction in PV+/PNN co-labeled cells in conjunction with an early temporally-dependent reduction in PV+ interneuron signaling and chronic disappearance of PNNs. Interventions targeting PNNs or PV+ interneuron signaling have significant potential for extending the critical window of recovery following stroke.
Improved healthcare utilization and economic outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma treatment with middle meningeal artery embolization compared to conventional surgical drainage
Authors: John Kevin , Dietz Nicholas , Brake Aaron , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Drazin Doniel , Abecassis Isaac Josh , Ding Dale , Boakye Maxwell 
Published: January 2025

Background Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) emerges as an alternative to conventional surgical drainage (CSD) for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). Several studies have suggested that MMAE improves the cost efficacy of cSDH treatment. However, further comprehensive analyses of the outcomes and healthcare costs of MMAE are necessary. Methods Merative MarketScan Research Database from 2017–2022 was used to compare demographics, reoperation rates, complications, healthcare utilization, and payments of patients being treated with CSD, CSD and adjunctive MMAE, or standalone MMAE for cSDH or nontraumatic subdural hemorrhage. Results From 2017–2022, there were 2108 patients who underwent CSD ( n = 2015), or CSD+MMAE ( n = 23) or MMAE only ( n = 70). The median age of the surgical group was 61 years (IQR 53–73 years), the surgery plus MMAE was 67 years (56–77 years) and the MMAE group was 65 years (55–77 years). Median hospital days were significantly longer for the CSD (6 (IQR 5–7) days) and CSD + MMAE (7 (IQR 6–7) days) groups compared to MMAE only (0 days(IQR 0–1)( p < 0.0001). Median index hospitalization payments were significantly higher for the CSD+MMAE group ($74,568) compared to both CSD ($39,658) ( p = 0.003) and MMAE groups ($22,286) ( p < 0.0001). The total median payments at six-month follow-up for the CSD group were higher compared to CSD+MMAE ($11494 vs $7300, p = 0.0017) but not compared to MMAE only ($10,680, p = 0.08). Conclusions The reduced complications, infection rate, hospital utilization, and costs observed in this study support MMAE as a promising treatment option in the arsenal for cSDH management.
Prediction of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction using atrial fibrillation or flutter electrocardiograms: A machine-learning study
Authors: Kwon Soonil , Chung SooMin , Lee So-Ryoung , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Junmo , Baek Dahyeon , Yang Hyun-Lim , Choi Eue-Keun , Oh Seil 
Published: January 2025

Objective Although the evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) is crucial for appropriate medical management, the prediction of reduced LVEF (<50%) with AF/AFL electrocardiograms (ECGs) lacks evidence. This study aimed to investigate deep-learning approaches to predict reduced LVEF (<50%) in patients with AF/AFL ECGs and easily obtainable clinical information. Methods Patients with 12-lead ECGs of AF/AFL and echocardiography were divided into those with LVEF <50% and ≥50%. A convolutional neural networks-based model customized to the study (AFibEFNet) and other deep-learning models were investigated. Electrocardiogram signals, ECG features, and clinical features (demographic information, comorbidities, blood cell counts, and blood test results) were collected for training. A hold-out test dataset was constructed using a different recruitment period. Five-fold cross-validation and calibration plots were used to evaluate performance. Results A total of 15,683 patients were analyzed (mean age, 70.0 ± 11.7 years; 61.2% men), with 82.2% having LVEF ≥50% and 17.8% having LVEF < 50%. Among the learning models, the AFibEFNet outperformed other models regarding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and F1-score. Using ECG signals alone, the AFibEFNet model predicted reduced LVEF with AUROC of 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.767–0.829) and AUPRC of 0.508 (95% CI, 0.434–0.564). For the AFibEFNet model, additional training with ECG and clinical features significantly improved AUROC (0.816 vs. 0.798, p = 0.04) and AUPRC (0.547 vs. 0.508, p < 0.001). The AFibEFNet model primarily focused on the R-wave, QRS onset and offset, and T-wave in ECG signals. Conclusions Among the patients with AF/AFL, machine learning may predict reduced LVEF with 12-lead ECGs of AF/AFL.