bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the $$H^1(ds^\gamma )$$-Gradient Flow for the Length Functional
Authors: Schrader Philip , Wheeler Glen , Wheeler Valentina-Mira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider the length functional defined on the space of immersed planar curves. The $$L^2(ds^\gamma )$$

L
2

(
d

s
γ

)

Riemannian metric gives rise to the curve shortening flow as the gradient flow of the length functional. Motivated by the vanishing of the $$L^2(ds^\gamma )$$

L
2

(
d

s
γ

)

Riemannian distance, we consider the gradient flow of the length functional with respect to the $$H^1(ds^\gamma )$$

H
1

(
d

s
γ

)

-metric. Circles with radius $$r_0$$

r
0

shrink with $$r(t) = \sqrt{W(e^{c-2t})}$$

r

(
t
)

=

W
(

e

c
-
2
t

)

under the flow, where W is the Lambert W function and $$c = r_0^2 + \log r_0^2$$

c
=

r
0
2

+
log

r
0
2

. We conduct a thorough study of this flow, giving existence of eternal solutions and convergence for general initial data, preservation of regularity in various spaces, qualitative properties of the flow after an appropriate rescaling, and numerical simulations.
Money laundering, corruption and socioeconomic development in Iran: an analysis by structural equation modeling
Authors: Dell’Anno Roberto , Maddah Majid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the effects of money laundering (ML) and corruption on socioeconomic development in Iran as a case study for developing countries. We also investigate the complex interactions among socioeconomic development, ML, corruption, private expenditure, and dependence of the Iranian economy on oil production. The paper uses the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate an index of Iranian ML over the period 1997–2017. The results show that in the short run, there is a positive overall effect of ML on economic development. This effect is due to the multiplicative effect of the reinvestment of criminal proceeds in the national economy. We estimate that, in the last decade, a plausible estimate of Iranian ML is approximately 10% of official GDP. From a methodological perspective, this research applies a new calibration approach to convert the latent scores calculated by PLS-SEM into actual values of ML.
DNA metabarcoding Passerine bird feces at tree-line uncovers little intra- and inter-species dietary overlap
Authors: Bookwalter Jamie , Niyas Afaq M. Mohamed , Caballero-López Berta , Villari Caterina , Marco-Tresserras Jana , Burgas Albert , Ferrandiz-Rovira Mariona , Claramunt-López Bernat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh-elevation insectivorous birds are currently confronted with the reality of a changing climate, land use shifts, and the decline of many prey groups. The diet dynamics among many imperiled animals in this group are still unresolved. Examining the diets of tree-line Passerine birds to the species level of the prey allows for stronger population predictions. This study uses DNA metabarcoding to identify prey arthropods from adult Passerine bird feces at and slightly below tree-line in a Pyrenean forest. Our objective was to quantify the intra-and inter-species richness and overlap of Passerine bird diet over time and space. The results showed that adult Passerine diets have high inter- and intra-species dietary variability and low inter- and intra-species dietary overlap. The lack of association between dietary richness and open space, season, and elevation and lack of differences between dietary overlap and open space and elevation suggest high-elevation Passerine birds have very high dietary flexibility. The results also showed that aphids known to be pests to conifers, and other conifer pests, were prevalent in the birds’ diets. The Passerine diets and high rate of rare dietary items are mainly in line with other recent DNA metabarcoding studies. Implications for the long-term projections relative to tree-line Passerine populations are discussed.
A Three-Dimensional UCAV Path Planning Approach Based on Immune Plasma Algorithm
Authors: Aslan Selcuk , Rohacs Daniel , Yıldız Melih , Kale Utku 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPath planning of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or its variant supported with weapon systems, also called unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV), is one of the most crucial steps for the autonomous flight and requires compelling decisions being made by considering the existence of the enemy defence, obstacles, and battery or fuel capacity of the vehicle optimally before starting the flight. Immune plasma algorithm (IP algorithm or IPA), inspired by the convalescent plasma treatment which is a medical method being popularized again with the rise of new coronavirus or COVID-19, has been introduced recently as a new optimization technique and the promising performance of the mentioned algorithm validated through a set of numerical and engineering problems. In this study, the IP algorithm was specialized as a three-dimensional UCAV path planner for the first time. Its performance was investigated particularly by using three different battlefield environments and assigning various constants to the population size. Moreover, the effect of two IPA-specific control parameters that are responsible for determining the number of donors and number of receivers on the qualities of the calculated paths were analyzed in detail. The results obtained by the IPA were compared with the results of other three-dimensional path planners guiding optimization algorithms such as simulated annealing (SA), gray wolf optimizer (GWO) and symbiotic organism search (SOS). Experimental studies showed that the main idea lying behind the usage of qualified solutions as donors and transferring information directly from them to the receivers representing the poor solutions of the problem gives a positive contribution to the exploitation-dominant operations of IPA and fully complies with the challenging requirements of the path planning problem. Especially in the battlefields for which an optimal or near optimal path contains complex maneuvers, the advantages from the subtly balanced operational steps of the IPA become more apparent by setting the number of donors and receivers appropriately and IPA is found to be more stable and successful compared to the other tested algorithms.
A novel workflow for streamflow prediction in the presence of missing gauge observations
Authors: Mbuvha Rendani , Adounkpe Julien Y.P. , Houngnibo Mandela C.M. , Mongwe Wilson T. , Nikraftar Zahir , Marwala Tshilidzi , Newlands Nathaniel K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStreamflow predictions are vital for detecting flood and drought events. Such predictions are even more critical to Sub-Saharan African regions that are vulnerable to the increasing frequency and intensity of such events. These regions are sparsely gaged, with few available gaging stations that are often plagued with missing data due to various causes, such as harsh environmental conditions and constrained operational resources. This work presents a novel workflow for predicting streamflow in the presence of missing gage observations. We leverage bias correction of the Group on Earth Observations Global Water and Sustainability Initiative ECMWF streamflow service (GESS) forecasts for missing data imputation and predict future streamflow using the state-of-the-art temporal fusion transformers (TFTs) at 10 river gaging stations in the Benin Republic. We show by simulating missingness in a testing period that GESS forecasts have a significant bias that results in poor imputation performance over the 10 Beninese stations. Our findings suggest that overall bias correction by Elastic Net and Gaussian Process regression achieves superior performance relative to traditional imputation by established methods. We also show that the TFT yields high predictive skill and further provides explanations for predictions through the weights of its attention mechanism. The findings of this work provide a basis for integrating Global streamflow prediction model data and the state-of-the-art machine learning models into operational early-warning decision-making systems in resource-constrained countries vulnerable to drought and flooding due to extreme weather events.
Weights in a Benson-Solomon block
Authors: Lynd Justin , Semeraro Jason 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo each pair consisting of a saturated fusion system over ap-group together with a compatible family of Külshammer-Puig cohomology classes, one can count weights in a hypothetical block algebra arising from these data. When the pair arises from a genuine block of a finite group algebra in characteristicp, the number of conjugacy classes of weights is supposed to be the number of simple modules in the block. We show that there is unique such pair associated with each Benson-Solomon exotic fusion system, and that the number of weights in a hypothetical Benson-Solomon block is$12$, independently of the field of definition. This is carried out in part by listing explicitly up to conjugacy all centric radical subgroups and their outer automorphism groups in these systems.
High-energy, alignment-insensitive, injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet single-frequency laser
Authors: Yan Dong , Yuan Yue , Wang Yunpeng , Fan Jiawei , Wu Jiaze , Duan Xiaoming , Li Sining , Dai Tongyu , Ju Youlun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A high-energy, alignment-insensitive, injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) single-frequency laser is developed. Both the slave Q-switched laser and the seed laser are Ho:YAG ring lasers based on a pair of corner cubic reflectors. The seed laser has an available power of 830 mW at 2096.667 nm. At 100 Hz, the Q-switched Ho:YAG laser provides a single-frequency pulsed output using injection-seeded technology. The 7.3 mJ single-frequency pulse energy from the slave laser has a pulse width of 161.2 ns and is scaled to 33.3 mJ after passing through the Ho:YAG single-pass amplifier. According to the measurement results of the heterodyne beating technique, the single-frequency pulse has a half-width of 4.12 MHz.
Exceptions to Socialism: Gender, Ethnicity, and the Transformation of Soviet Development in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kalinovsky Artemy M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the 1970s and 1980s, Soviet social scientists and planners grew increasingly skeptical that they could draw Central Asian peasants, and especially women, into the industrial workforce, and turned to experimenting with “non traditional” forms of work, such as home labor for handicrafts and consumer goods and family subcontracting in agriculture. This article traces Soviet debates about women’s labor and the family in Central Asia in the context of demographic policy, productivity, and welfare. It argues that the evolution of home labor and other “non traditional” labor policies aimed at Central Asians share two distinctive features with neoliberal-inspired welfare discussions in the United States as well as the emerging politics of entrepreneurship in the sphere of international development. First, all three emerged as a result of social scientists and planners revisiting earlier paradigms after perceived policy failures. Second, despite their pessimistic reading of earlier policy initiatives, Soviet policymakers and their counterparts hung on tenaciously to the idea that state policy could be used to improve people’s lives. By studying the turn towards individual labor and entrepreneurship in the USSR alongside the emergence of micro-credit in international development and changing welfare politics in the US, we can see neoliberalism emerging where universalist policies meet their limits.
Fast-Moving Habit: Implications for Equity Returns
Authors: Lynch Anthony W. , Randall Oliver 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe find that the Campbell–Cochrane external-habit model can generate a value premium if the persistence of the consumption surplus is sufficiently low. Such low persistence is supported by micro evidence on consumption. If the mean and conditional volatility of consumption growth are highly persistent, as in the Bansal–Yaron long-run risk model, then fast-moving habit can also generate, without eroding the value premium: i) empirically sensible long horizon return predictability; and ii) a price–dividend ratio for market equity that exhibits the high autocorrelation found in the data. Fast-moving habit also delivers several empirical properties of market-dividend strips.
Should panpsychists be Christians?
Authors: Goff Philip 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, I offer a response to Joanna Leidenhag's book Mind Creation: Theological Panpsychism and the Doctrine of Creation. Whereas Leidenhag argues that the panpsychist's demands for explanation of the mind lead naturally to demands for an explanation of the whole universe, I counter that (i) the panpsychist's explanatory demands are not necessarily quite as general as Leidenhag presumes, and (ii) demands for an explanation of the whole universe can in any case be satisfying via the postulation of a self-explaining universe. I agree with Leidenhag that panpsychism is potentially a helpful way for Christians to think about the relationship between God and the universe, while disagreeing concerning how well suited process theism is to making sense of such a relationship. Finally, in terms of eco-philosophy, I agree with Leidenhag that panpsychism is conducive to a healthier relationship between humans and the natural world, while expressing reservations that a specifically Christian form of panpsychist eco-philosophy is preferable.
Widows and the termination of the gender contract
Authors: Manor Shlomit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWidowhood is often described through stereotypes and images of passive, weak, lonely and dependent women. This study presents additional aspects of widows who have chosen to continue their lives without a new spouse. It thus joins the recently growing body of knowledge which presents widowhood in a less one-dimensional way while referring to the complexity and different layers of widows' lives. A qualitative study was conducted with 30 women aged 63–87 who had been widows for 1–34 years. The findings showed that the dominant experience shared by all women is one of liberation and freedom – a feeling of independence that is expressed socially, personally and economically. Thus, alongside feelings of loneliness and adaptation difficulties, they also experience strength and empowerment. The term ‘gender contract’ serves as a theoretical explanation of the independence narrative that characterises the widows; the termination of the couple's gender contract allows them to redefine their priorities, identify themselves as active instead of passive figures and create for themselves a place of their own. By bringing widowhood to the centre of the discussion, the study gives legitimacy to a discourse on feelings less spoken about, such as relief, freedom and independence. In this way, the study contributes to the ongoing debate on widows by shattering the accepted myth of widows as vulnerable, weak and dependent but without underestimating the difficulties or ignoring the women's diversity.
Mangrove propagules are limited in their capacity to disperse across long distances
Authors: Granville Natasha R. , Banks-Leite Cristina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mangroves are subject to rapid and large-scale habitat changes, which threaten their unique genetic diversity and provision of critically important ecosystem services. Habitat fragmentation reduces connectivity, which can impair dispersal and lead to genetic isolation. However, it is unclear whether fragmentation could impact mangrove genetic isolation, as mangrove propagules appear to be able to disperse long distances. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies testing for a correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance in mangrove plants. From the 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria, we found a significant isolation-by-distance effect; geographic distance was significantly associated with Nei’s genetic distance and FST. Our results show that mangrove propagules may be limited in their capacity to disperse across long distances, which highlights the importance of maintaining close proximity between habitat patches and reducing habitat fragmentation.
Nanoscale multi-beam lithography of photonic crystals with ultrafast laser
Authors: Li Jiaqun , Yan Jianfeng , Jiang Lan , Yu Jiachen , Guo Heng , Qu Liangti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotonic crystals are utilized in many noteworthy applications like optical communications, light flow control, and quantum optics. Photonic crystal with nanoscale structure is important for the manipulation of light propagation in visible and near-infrared range. Herein, we propose a novel multi beam lithography method to fabricate photonic crystal with nanoscale structure without cracking. Using multi-beam ultrafast laser processing and etching, parallel channels with subwavelength gap are obtained in yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. Combining optical simulation based on Debye diffraction, we experimentally show the gap width of parallel channels can be controlled at nanoscale by changing phase holograms. With the superimposed phase hologram designing, functional structures of complicated channel arrays distribution can be created in crystal. Optical gratings of different periods are fabricated, which can diffract incident light in particular ways. This approach can efficiently manufacture nanostructures with controllable gap, and offer an alternative to the fabrication of complex photonic crystal for integrated photonics applications.
Rapid prototyping of a polymer MEMS droplet dispenser by laser-assisted 3D printing
Authors: Courson Rémi , Bratash Oleksii , Maziz Ali , Desmet Cloé , Meza Ricardo Alvarado , Leroy Loïc , Engel Elodie , Buhot Arnaud , Malaquin Laurent , Leïchlé Thierry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a polymer version of a previously developed silicon MEMS drop deposition tool for surface functionalization that consists of a microcantilever integrating an open fluidic channel and a reservoir. The device is fabricated by laser stereolithography, which offers the advantages of low-cost and fast prototyping. Additionally, thanks to the ability to process multiple materials, a magnetic base is incorporated into the cantilever for convenient handling and attachment to the holder of a robotized stage used for spotting. Droplets with diameters ranging from ∼50 µm to ∼300 µm are printed upon direct contact of the cantilever tip with the surface to pattern. Liquid loading is achieved by fully immersing the cantilever into a reservoir drop, where a single load results in the deposition of more than 200 droplets. The influences of the size and shape of the cantilever tip and the reservoir on the printing outcome are studied. As a proof-of-concept of the biofunctionalization capability of this 3D printed droplet dispenser, microarrays of oligonucleotides and antibodies displaying high specificity and no cross-contamination are fabricated, and droplets are deposited at the tip of an optical fiber bundle.
Risks of synchronized low yields are underestimated in climate and crop model projections
Authors: Kornhuber Kai , Lesk Corey , Schleussner Carl F. , Jägermeyr Jonas , Pfleiderer Peter , Horton Radley M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSimultaneous harvest failures across major crop-producing regions are a threat to global food security. Concurrent weather extremes driven by a strongly meandering jet stream could trigger such events, but so far this has not been quantified. Specifically, the ability of state-of-the art crop and climate models to adequately reproduce such high impact events is a crucial component for estimating risks to global food security. Here we find an increased likelihood of concurrent low yields during summers featuring meandering jets in observations and models. While climate models accurately simulate atmospheric patterns, associated surface weather anomalies and negative effects on crop responses are mostly underestimated in bias-adjusted simulations. Given the identified model biases, future assessments of regional and concurrent crop losses from meandering jet states remain highly uncertain. Our results suggest that model-blind spots for such high-impact but deeply-uncertain hazards have to be anticipated and accounted for in meaningful climate risk assessments.
Tuning hydrogenation chemistry of Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts by introducing homogeneous-like ligands
Authors: Zhang Jianghao , Hu Wenda , Qian Binbin , Li Houqian , Sudduth Berlin , Engelhard Mark , Zhang Lian , Hu Jianzhi , Sun Junming , Zhang Changbin , He Hong , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNoble metals have been extensively employed in a variety of hydrotreating catalyst systems for their featured functionality of hydrogen activation but may also bring side reactions such as undesired deep hydrogenation. It is crucial to develop a viable approach to selectively inhibit side reactions while preserving beneficial functionalities. Herein, we present modifying Pd with alkenyl-type ligands that forms homogeneous-like Pd-alkene metallacycle structure on the heterogeneous Pd catalyst to achieve the selective hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation. Particularly, a doped alkenyl-type carbon ligand on Pd-Fe catalyst is demonstrated to donate electrons to Pd, creating an electron-rich environment that elongates the distance and weakens the electronic interaction between Pd and unsaturated C of the reactants/products to control the hydrogenation chemistry. Moreover, high H2 activation capability is maintained over Pd and the activated H is transferred to Fe to facilitate C-O bond cleavage or directly participate in the reaction on Pd. The modified Pd-Fe catalyst displays comparable C-O bond cleavage rate but much higher selectivity (>90%) than the bare Pd-Fe (<50%) in hydrotreating of diphenyl ether (DPE, modelling the strongest C-O linkage in lignin) and enhanced ethene selectivity (>90%) in acetylene hydrogenation. This work sheds light on the controlled synthesis of selective hydrotreating catalysts via mimicking homogeneous analogues.
Herbivory and nutrients shape grassland soil seed banks
Authors: Eskelinen Anu , Jessen Maria-Theresa , Bahamonde Hector A. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Caldeira Maria C. , Harpole W. Stanley , Jia Meiyu , Lannes Luciola S. , Nogueira Carla , Olde Venterink Harry , Peri Pablo L. , Porath-Krause Anita J. , Seabloom Eric W. , Schroeder Katie , Tognetti Pedro M. , Yasui Simone-Louise E. , Virtanen Risto , Sullivan Lauren L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic nutrient enrichment and shifts in herbivory can lead to dramatic changes in the composition and diversity of aboveground plant communities. In turn, this can alter seed banks in the soil, which are cryptic reservoirs of plant diversity. Here, we use data from seven Nutrient Network grassland sites on four continents, encompassing a range of climatic and environmental conditions, to test the joint effects of fertilization and aboveground mammalian herbivory on seed banks and on the similarity between aboveground plant communities and seed banks. We find that fertilization decreases plant species richness and diversity in seed banks, and homogenizes composition between aboveground and seed bank communities. Fertilization increases seed bank abundance especially in the presence of herbivores, while this effect is smaller in the absence of herbivores. Our findings highlight that nutrient enrichment can weaken a diversity maintaining mechanism in grasslands, and that herbivory needs to be considered when assessing nutrient enrichment effects on seed bank abundance.