bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Executive Functions of Patients Operated for Mild to Moderate Epidural Hematoma
Authors: Singh Shweta , Sarraf Seema Rani , Tripathi Adarsh , Ojha Bal Krishna , Singh Amandeep 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Impairment in neurocognitive functions are commonly followed by Epidural hematoma (EDH) . This cross-sectional study was aimed to study gender differences in neurocognitive functions in mild to moderate epidural hematoma patients (43 male and 19 female patients) post-surgery using standardized assessment tools of comprehensive neurocognitive function attention, speed, working memory, fluency, set-shifting, perseveration, planning and response inhibition.
Methods Descriptive statistics, i.e., mean and standard deviation (SD) values were computed, and a t-test was applied for further exploration.
Results The analysis of results shows that on the test of working memory, female group scored better as significant differences were found on N-Back (2 Back versions) and digit span-backward. On the verbal fluency test (COWA), significant difference was found as females scored higher than the male group on total responses. However, the male group was higher in total time and error than the female group on the test of sustained attention and divided attention.
Conclusion This study shows interesting results in terms of gender differences in executive function of patients operated for mild to moderate epidural hematoma. These findings have significant clinical and implications for planning intervention. The neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients operated for mild to moderate epidural hematoma has a crucial role in enhancing their recovery and overall functioning. Inputs about gender differences in neuro psychological functioning of these patients would help in decision making regarding neuropsychological rehabilitation incorporating the gender related differences too in their intervention plan.
Real-World Experience of AI-Assisted Endocytoscopy Using EndoBRAIN—An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Katrevula Anudeep , Katukuri Goutham Reddy , Singh Aniruddha Pratap , Inavolu Pradev , Rughwani Hardik , Alla Siddhartha Reddy , Ramchandani Mohan , Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and Aims Precise optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps could improve the cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy and reduce polypectomy-related complications. We conducted this study to estimate the diagnostic performance of visual inspection alone (WLI + NBI) and of EndoBRAIN (endocytoscopy-computer-aided diagnosis [EC-CAD]) in identifying a lesion as neoplastic or nonneoplastic using EC in real-world scenario.
Methods In this observational, prospective, pilot study, a total of 55 polyps were studied in the patients aged more than or equal to 18 years. EndoBRAIN is an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system that analyzes cell nuclei, crypt structure, and vessel pattern in differentiating neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesion in real-time. Endoscopist assessed polyps using white light imaging (WLI), narrow band imaging (NBI) initially followed by assessment using EC with NBI and EC with methylene blue staining. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of endoscopist and EndoBRAIN in identifying the neoplastic from nonneoplastic polyp was compared using histopathology as gold-standard.
Results A total of 55 polyps were studied, in which most of them were diminutive (36/55) and located in rectum (21/55). The image acquisition rate was 78% (43/55) and histopathology of the majority was identified to be hyperplastic (20/43) and low-grade adenoma (16/43). EndoBRAIN identified colonic polyps with 100% sensitivity, 81.82% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.7–94.8%), 90.7% accuracy (95% CI, 77.86–97.41%), 84% positive predictive value (95% CI, 68.4–92.72%), and 100% negative predictive value. The sensitivity and negative predictive value were significantly greater than visual inspection of endoscopist. The diagnostic accuracy seems to be superior; however, it did not reach statistical significance. Specificity and positive predictive value were similar in both groups.
Conclusion Optical diagnosis using EC and EC-CAD has a potential role in predicting the histopathological diagnosis. The diagnostic performance of CAD seems to be better than endoscopist using EC for predicting neoplastic lesions.
Therapeutic Neurointervention through Transradial Approach: Preliminary Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bhatia Vikas , Kumar Ajay , Wani Mohd Yaqoob , Singla Navneet , Prabhakar Anuj , Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Chauhan Rajeev 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of radial access for therapeutic neurointervention procedures.
Methods The retrospective evaluation of 20 patients taken for therapeutic neurointervention through transradial access at our institute was done from July 2021 to April 2022.
Results Therapeutic neurointervention procedures were attempted in 20 patients (age, 24–74 years; mean age, 48.4 years; 13 (65%) females using a transradial approach. The radial artery's mean diameter was 2.135 mm. The right radial access was taken in 18 (90%) cases. Indications for treatment were ruptured aneurysm in 13 (65%), mechanical thrombectomy in 5 (25%), flow diversion for a recanalized aneurysm in 1 (5%), and balloon occlusion test in 1 (5%) case. The procedure was successful through the transradial approach in 18 (90%) procedures. Failure was seen in two cases that were completed after conversion to the transfemoral approach. The reason for access conversion was a severe spasm in both cases. No significant access site complications were seen in the study cohort.
Conclusion A radial access route is a promising approach for therapeutic interventions with a high success rate and minimal access site complications. Interventionists should get accustomed to this approach as primary or alternative access for neurointervention.
Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injuries: Narrative Review
Authors: Pandey Vishram , Shukla Dhaval , Nirmal Shubham , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Christopher Rita 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multistep interaction of brain antigens, cytokine-mediated humeral, and cellular immune reactions. Because of the limitations of clinical and radiological evaluation in TBI, there has been a considerable advancement toward the need for developing biomarkers that can predict the severity of TBI. Blood-based brain biomarkers hold the potential to predict the absence of intracranial injury and thus decrease unnecessary brain computed tomographic scanning. Various biomarkers have been studied that detects neuronal, axonal, and blood–brain barrier integrity. Biomarkers are still under investigation and hold promise in the future evaluation of TBI patients. They can be used for grading as well as a prognostication of head injury.
The Dutch see Red: (in)formal science advisory bodies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aarts Janne , Gerth Eva , Ludwig David , Maat Harro , Macnaghten Phil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyse the roles, dynamics and logic of science advice in structuring the Dutch response to the COVID-19 pandemic, from January 2020 to December 2020. We address how the Dutch government responded by paying attention to styles of governance and expert advice. We argue that the Dutch response was shaped by the interplay of corporatist, deliberative and neoliberal forms of governance, in particular, how early corporatist tendencies seemed to create consensus during the first phase of the pandemic but quickly led to criticism and tension, most visibly at the onset of the second wave, as corporatist and neoliberal responses conflicted with deliberative and pluralist political engagement. Situating different science advisory bodies in this dynamic, we highlight how science–policy interactions and conflicts that evolved with the dynamics of the pandemic can be understood within this triad and as reflective broadly of the endurance of the Dutch model of polder governance.
Regional varieties and diachronic changes in Chinese political discourse
Authors: Hou Renkui , Huang Chu-Ren , Ahrens Kathleen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present paper explores the synchronic variations and diachronic changes in political discourses in Hong Kong (HK) and in Mainland of People’s Republic of China (PRC). The relationship between lengths of linguistic constructs and their immediate constituents (including sentences and clauses, and clauses and words) are fitted using the function y = axb based on the Menzerath–Altmann (MA) law to capture the characteristics of language as self-organizing complex systems. We found that the two fitted parameters a and b, as distinctive characteristics of complex systems, can distinguish two regional variants of political speeches from HK and PRC over different periods in time. We also found that the same parameters can capture language changes between different periods of political speeches from the PRC. More specifically, we found that regional variations and historical changes show different degrees of salience at different constituency levels. In addition, we found compounding effects between historical change and regional variations. That is, the two regional variants of political speeches are closer to each other at the earliest diachronic period as compared with the latter two periods, as represented by the fitted parameters of the relationship between sentence and clause lengths. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis for the MA Law capturing the characteristics of language as a complex self-organizing system, as the two fitted parameters account for the interaction of diachronic language change and synchronic variation.
Influenza-Like Symptom Incidence, Illness-Associated Expenses, and Economic Impact Among Healthcare Personnel in Thailand: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study (2020–2021)
Authors: Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Wongrapee Thanapat , Punjasamanvong Somsak , Piyaraj Phunlerd , Vachiraphan Apichat , Yoocharoen Pornsak , Klungthong Chonticha , Jones Anthony R , Tanathitikorn Chuleekorn , Mott Joshua A , Chottanapund Suthat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe estimated influenza-like symptom (ILS) incidence among healthcare personnel (HCP) in four hospitals and the economic impact due to ILS in the Thai HCP population during July 2020–June 2021 (Thailand’s expected 2020 influenza season), which also coincided with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.MethodsWe followed HCP, in a prospective observational cohort, weekly for ≥1 of: muscle pain, cough, runny nose/nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. We fitted population-averaged Poisson regression models to identify factors associated with acquiring ILS and to calculate ILS incidence. We applied epidemiologic parameters to Thailand’s HCP population (227 349 persons) to estimate economic impact.ResultsOf 2184 participants, adjusted all-cause ILS incidence was 6.1 episodes per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 3.4–10.9). Among Thailand’s HCP population, 13 909 ILS episodes were estimated to occur annually and would result in US$235 135 economic loss. Controlling for study site and calendar month, factors associated with acquiring ≥1 ILS versus no ILS included being female, having asthma, and using personal protective equipment ‘frequently, but not always’.ConclusionsAll-cause ILS resulted in considerable economic loss among Thai HCP workforce. These findings underscore the importance of public health interventions to reduce the risk of acquiring ILS.
Discovering misannotated lncRNAs using deep learning training dynamics
Authors: Nabi Afshan , Dilekoglu Berke , Adebali Ogun , Tastan Oznur 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Recent experimental evidence has shown that some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contain small open reading frames (sORFs) that are translated into functional micropeptides, suggesting that these lncRNAs are misannotated as non-coding. Current methods to detect misannotated lncRNAs rely on ribosome-profiling (Ribo-Seq) and mass-spectrometry experiments, which are cell-type dependent and expensive.

Results
Here, we propose a computational method to identify possible misannotated lncRNAs from sequence information alone. Our approach first builds deep learning models to discriminate coding and non-coding transcripts and leverages these models’ training dynamics to identify misannotated lncRNAs—i.e. lncRNAs with coding potential. The set of misannotated lncRNAs we identified significantly overlap with experimentally validated ones and closely resemble coding protein sequences as evidenced by significant BLAST hits. Our analysis on a subset of misannotated lncRNA candidates also shows that some ORFs they contain yield high confidence folded structures as predicted by AlphaFold2. This methodology offers promising potential for assisting experimental efforts in characterizing the hidden proteome encoded by misannotated lncRNAs and for curating better datasets for building coding potential predictors.

Availability and implementation
Source code is available at https://github.com/nabiafshan/DetectingMisannotatedLncRNAs.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Discovering comorbid diseases using an inter-disease interactivity network based on biobank-scale PheWAS data
Authors: Nam Yonghyun , Jung Sang-Hyuk , Yun Jae-Seung , Sriram Vivek , Singhal Pankhuri , Byrska-Bishop Marta , Verma Anurag , Shin Hyunjung , Park Woong-Yang , Won Hong-Hee , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding comorbidity is essential for disease prevention, treatment and prognosis. In particular, insight into which pairs of diseases are likely or unlikely to co-occur may help elucidate the potential relationships between complex diseases. Here, we introduce the use of an inter-disease interactivity network to discover/prioritize comorbidities. Specifically, we determine disease associations by accounting for the direction of effects of genetic components shared between diseases, and categorize those associations as synergistic or antagonistic. We further develop a comorbidity scoring algorithm to predict whether diseases are more or less likely to co-occur in the presence of a given index disease. This algorithm can handle networks that incorporate relationships with opposite signs.

Results
We finally investigate inter-disease associations among 427 phenotypes in UK Biobank PheWAS data and predict the priority of comorbid diseases. The predicted comorbidities were verified using the UK Biobank inpatient electronic health records. Our findings demonstrate that considering the interaction of phenotype associations might be helpful in better predicting comorbidity.

Availability and implementation
The source code and data of this study are available at https://github.com/dokyoonkimlab/DiseaseInteractiveNetwork.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dating the Lender of Last Resort
Authors: Rieder Kilian , Anson Michael , Bholat David , Thomas Ryland 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We exploit a fixed rule constraining central bank credit provision in a regression discontinuity framework to analyse counterparties’ behavioural responses to the (non-)receipt of liquidity during a crisis. In spring 1847, the Bank of England suddenly started rationing credit to avoid violating its gold reserve requirement. We show that counterparties that suffered rejection from the Bank were more likely to fail. Conditional on survival, rationed counterparties learned from their experience and changed their behaviour during a subsequent panic in fall 1847: they came to the discount window more often, but submitted smaller requests and relied less on central bank liquidity overall.
Acute type A aortic dissection in bicuspid versus tricuspid aortic valve patients: focus on geometrical features of the aorta
Authors: Della Corte Alessandro , Lo Presti Federica , Saade Wael , Rubino Antonino Salvatore , Palmieri Lucrezia , Patanè Francesco , Miraldi Fabio , De Feo Marisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOBJECTIVESThis retrospective observational study aimed to assess the geometrical features, including diameters, length and angulation, of the ascending aorta with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve and to identify imaging markers potentially predicting whether aortopathy is likely to evolve chronically or to complicate with acute type A dissection.METHODSAngio-computed-tomography scans of 354 patients (from 3 centres) with non-dilated (n = 97), aneurysmal (n = 100) or dissected aorta (n = 157) were reviewed. Diameters were measured at root, sinotubular junction, ascending, brachio-cephalic trunk origin; centreline lengths of the root and tubular tract and ascending-arch angle (between the ascending tubular tract axis and the proximal arch axis) were also measured. For 12 dissection patients, pre-dissection scans were available to investigate predisposing aortic geometry. Statistical analysis included: tricuspid versus bicuspid comparisons in each subgroup; univariate and multivariate analyses of the predictors of ascending-arch angle narrowing; and estimation of diagnostic accuracy of the angle parameter.RESULTSDiameters and lengths were similar between aneurysms and dissections, whereas dissections showed a significant ascending-arch angle narrowing (117 ± 13° in tricuspid, 115 ± 14° in bicuspid) compared to non-dilated and aneurysmal aortas (all P &lt; 0.001). The best angle cut-off to discriminate dissection patients was 131° (96% sensitivity). In patients with a pre-dissection scan, Asc-Arch narrowing was already present before dissection. In non-dissected aortas over-angulation was predicted by root phenotype dilatation both in bicuspid and tricuspid patients. Bicuspid patients with non-dilated aorta showed elongated root (P = 0.027), a feature significantly correlated with Asc-Arch angle narrowing (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONSThe ascending-arch angle is promising as a risk marker for dissection to be used along with diameter. Its narrowing seems to be associated with elongation of the root, a feature that bicuspid patients can show even without significant dilatation. Root phenotype aortopathy may be at higher risk also with tricuspid aortic valve.
Integration of High-Throughput Imaging and Multiparametric Metabolic Profiling Reveals a Mitochondrial Mechanism of Tenofovir Toxicity
Authors: Pearson Adam , Haenni Dominik , Bouitbir Jamal , Hunt Matthew , Payne Brendan A I , Sachdeva Ashwin , Hung Rachel K Y , Post Frank A , Connolly John , Nlandu-Khodo Stellor , Jankovic Nevena , Bugarski Milica , Hall Andrew M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major cause of kidney disease and failure in drug development, but understanding of cellular mechanisms is limited, highlighting the need for better experimental models and methodological approaches. Most nephrotoxins damage the proximal tubule (PT), causing functional impairment of solute reabsorption and systemic metabolic complications. The antiviral drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an archetypal nephrotoxin, inducing mitochondrial abnormalities and urinary solute wasting, for reasons that were previously unclear. Here, we developed an automated, high-throughput imaging pipeline to screen the effects of TDF on solute transport and mitochondrial morphology in human-derived RPTEC/TERT1 cells, and leveraged this to generate realistic models of functional toxicity. By applying multiparametric metabolic profiling—including oxygen consumption measurements, metabolomics, and transcriptomics—we elucidated a highly robust molecular fingerprint of TDF exposure. Crucially, we identified that the active metabolite inhibits complex V (ATP synthase), and that TDF treatment causes rapid, dose-dependent loss of complex V activity and expression. Moreover, we found evidence of complex V suppression in kidney biopsies from humans with TDF toxicity. Thus, we demonstrate an effective and convenient experimental approach to screen for disease relevant functional defects in kidney cells in vitro, and reveal a new paradigm for understanding the pathogenesis of a substantial cause of nephrotoxicity.
Atmospheric and ionospheric waves induced by the Hunga eruption on 15 January 2022; Doppler sounding and infrasound
Authors: Chum Jaroslav , Šindelářová Tereza , Koucká Knížová Petra , Podolská Kateřina , Rusz Jan , Baše Jiří , Nakata Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Keisuke , Danielides Michael , Schmidt Carsten , Knez Leon , Liu Jann-Yenq , Molina María Graciela , Fagre Mariano , Katamzi-Joseph Zama , Ohya Hiroyo , Omori Tatsuya , Laštovička Jan , Obrazová Burešová Dalia , Kouba Daniel , Urbář Jaroslav , Truhlík Vladimír 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
The massive explosive eruption of the Hunga volcano on 15 January 2022 generated atmospheric waves that were recorded around the globe and affected the ionosphere. The paper focuses on observations of atmospheric waves in the troposphere and ionosphere in Europe, however, a comparison with observations in East Asia, South Africa and South America is also provided. Unlike most recent studies of waves in the ionosphere based on the detection of changes in the total electron content, this study builds on detection of ionospheric motions at specific altitudes using continuous Doppler sounding. In addition, much attention is paid to long-period infrasound (periods longer than ∼50 s), which in Europe is observed simultaneously in the troposphere and ionosphere about an hour after the arrival of the first horizontally propagating pressure pulse (Lamb wave). It is shown that the long-period infrasound propagated approximately along the shorter great circle path, similar to the previously detected pressure pulse in the troposphere. It is suggested that the infrasound propagated in the ionosphere probably due to imperfect refraction in the lower thermosphere. The observation of infrasound in the ionosphere at such large distances from the source (over 16 000 km) is rare and differs from ionospheric infrasound detected at large distances from the epicenters of strong earthquakes, because in the latter case the infrasound is generated locally by seismic waves. An unusually large traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) observed in Europe and associated with the pressure pulse from the Hunga eruption is also discussed. Doppler sounders in East Asia, South Africa and South America did not record such a significant TID. However, TIDs were observed in East Asia around times when Lamb waves passed the magnetically conjugate points. A probable observation of wave in the mesopause region in Europe approximately 25 min after the arrival of pressure pulse in the troposphere using a 23.4 kHz signal from a transmitter 557 km away and a coincident pulse in electric field data are also discussed.