bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise epidemiológica da mortalidade por Câncer de Pulmão em Mato Grosso, Brasil, 2011 a 2021
Authors: Garcia Rayane Manoel , Siqueira Gustavo Bruno Martins de , Raia Vanessa de Almeida , Alessio Junior Luiz Eduardo , Alessio Aline Morandi 
Published: July 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as tendências de incidência e mortalidade do câncer de pulmão, por ano do óbito, sexo, anos de estudo, causa básica, faixa etária, raça/cor, município de residência, ocupação, no estado de Mato Grosso, entre 2011 a 2021. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo em série, utilizando os dados do Sistema de Informação da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Mato Grosso. Analisou-se os resultados no programa Excel e os dados expressos em freqüências absolutas e relativa. Utilizou-se o teste ARIMA através do software SPSS versão 2.0 para verificar se houve diferença nos valores absolutos de casos na série. Resultado: Observou-se um aumento de 32,52% no número de óbitos na incidência geral, com maior número de casos entre os pacientes com baixa escolaridade (18,13%). Em causa básica, a neoplasia de brônquios ou pulmões não especificada foi a mais encontrada (93,5%). A faixa etária de 65 a 74 anos concentrou maiores números de óbitos (31,7%). Quanto a raça/cor, parda e branca tiveram maiores números, alcançando juntas 91,42%. A região centro-norte registrou o maior número de óbitos (46%). Na ocupação, o grupo 4, agrupamento de menor fonte de renda, (21,6%) e grupo 7 (21,2%), grupo com maior exposição à fatores de risco laborais, tiveram maiores casos. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se uma disparidade entre os valores analisados da tendência de mortalidade nas variáveis ano do óbito, sexo, anos de estudo, causa básica, faixa etária, raça/cor, município de residência e ocupação, que podem ser justificadas por mudanças de comportamento social, como adesão ao tabagismo, além de diferenças socioeconômicas.
Midlife body mass index, central adiposity and neuropsychological performance over 10 years in women living with and without HIV
Authors: Vásquez Elizabeth , Kuniholm Mark H. , Appleton Allison A. , Rubin Leah H. , Adimora Ada A. , Fischl Margaret A. , Fox Ervin , Mack Wendy J. , Holman Susan , Moran Caitlin Anne , Minkoff Howard , Plankey Michael W. , Sharma Anjali , Tien Phyllis C. , Weber Kathleen M. , Gustafson Deborah R. 
Published: July 2023

Background and objectiveObservations of overweight and obesity in association with neuropsychological performance (NP) vary over the adult life course depending on baseline levels, biological sex, age, race, temporality of measurements, and other factors. Therefore, similar published analyses across cohorts are inconsistent. In our sample of women living with HIV (WLWH) and women without HIV (WWOH), we conducted comparable analyses as those published in men with and without HIV. We examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and NP.MethodsFour hundred thirty two 432 virologically-suppressed WLWH and 367 WWOH, ≥40 years in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) with anthropometry and NP assessments every two years from 2009-2019 were included in the study. Demographically-adjusted T-scores were calculated for six NP domains: learning, memory, executive function, processing speed, attention and working memory, and motor function. Multivariable linear regression models stratified by HIV status were used to examine cross-sectional associations of BMI and WC by NP domain; repeated measures analyses assessed baseline BMI and WC in association with longitudinal change in NP. Covariates included sociodemographic, behavioral, and HIV-related characteristics.ResultsAt baseline among all women, the median age was 45 years, 65% were Non-Latinx Black women, and 45% were obese women. Obese WLWH (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2) had poorer executive function (β=-2.27, 95%CI [-4.46, -0.07]) versus WLWH with healthy BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2). Longitudinally over ~8 years, obese versus overweight WWOH improved on memory (β=2.19, 95%CI [0.13, 4.26]), however overweight versus healthy WWOH experienced declining memory (β= -2.67, 95%CI [-5.40, -0.07]). Increasing WC was associated with declining executive, processing speed, and motor function (p’s&lt;0.05); an at-risk WC was associated with improved memory (β=1.81, 95%CI [0.19, 3.44]) among WWOH. Among WLWH, increasing BMI was associated with improved learning (β=0.07, 95%CI [0.00, 0.15].ConclusionOur cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses evaluating the associations of BMI and WC and NP were mixed compared to previous reports. This illustrates the importance of sociodemographic characteristics, baseline levels of exposures and outcomes, HIV status, temporality of measurements, and other factors when evaluating aging HIV epidemiology study results.
Clitoral preputial edema can be mistaken for clitoromegaly: a clinical analysis of ten cases
Authors: Mitani-Konno Marie , Saito Reiko , Narumi-Wakayama Hiroko , Sakai Yuki , Suzuki Shuichi , Satoh Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Yukihiro 
Published: July 2023

Background and objectivesWe herein reported ten, female neonates with transient clitoral preputial edema, which was mistaken for clitoromegaly. Although it is well known that the clitoris is prominent in premature, female neonates, there are as of yet no reports of clitoral preputial edema in full-term neonates. The present study was conducted to clarify the clinical course of clitoral preputial edema.MethodsSeventeen, Japanese patients aged &lt; 6 months with suspected clitoromegaly were enrolled, and their clinical course was analyzed retrospectively. Clitoral preputial edema was defined by 1) a normal clitoral glans despite edema; and 2) the absence of established differences of sexual development, such as 21-hydroxylase deficiency.ResultsTen of the 17 patients with suspected clitoromegaly had clitoral preputial edema; eight of the ten patients were full-term, and the remaining two were preterm neonates. The median age at the first visit was 8 days. Edema of the labia minora and labia majora, rugosity of the labia majora, and hymenal polyps often accompanied the clitoral preputial edema. Seven patients were examined at our division during the neonatal period, and three patients were examined in the post-neonatal period. Age at reduction of the clitoral width to &lt; 7 mm ranged from 8 to 74 days in four of the seven neonatal patients. In the three post-neonatal patients, age to reduction in the clitoral width ranged from 107 to 243 days.ConclusionsTransient clitoral preputial edema is often mistaken for clitoromegaly. The key to diagnosing clitoral preputial edema lies in its characteristic appearance and improvement course.
Case Report: Chemoimmunotherapy in microsatellite-instability-high advanced goblet cell carcinoma of the colon
Authors: Mutlu Arda Ulaş , Aytaç Erman , Gülmez Mehmet , Erdamar Sibel , Özer Leyla 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is a fundamental factor affecting the management treatment outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC). MMR status can be diagnosed by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since tumors with MMR deficiency are prone to respond to immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat such tumors.Case presentationA 69-year-old male patient presented to an outside clinic with weight loss and abdominal pain. Radiological investigations detected a mesenteric mass of 10 cm, peritoneal implants, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The eventual biopsy result from the mesenteric mass was mucinous adenocarcinoma with a goblet cell pattern. Since the IHC result was unclear for deficiency in mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic CRC (mCRC), the diagnosis was confirmed with PCR. The patient received 8 cycles of FOLFIRINOX + bevacizumab followed by FOLFOX combined with pembrolizumab. No adverse effect was reported related to immunotherapy which resulted in radiologic and metabolic regression. The patient underwent cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The final pathology results revealed a pathological complete response and R0 resection. In the 6th month follow-up, no recurrence or metastasis was reported.ConclusionChemotherapy and immunotherapy combination is a promising treatment modality which can also be used for mCRC. This is the index case who received chemotherapy in combination with immunotherapy for mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon with a goblet cell pattern and had pCR.
Expression of targets of the RNA-binding protein AUF-1 in human airway epithelium indicates its role in cellular senescence and inflammation
Authors: Salvato Ilaria , Ricciardi Luca , Dal Col Jessica , Nigro Annunziata , Giurato Giorgio , Memoli Domenico , Sellitto Assunta , Lamparelli Erwin Pavel , Crescenzi Maria Assunta , Vitale Monica , Vatrella Alessandro , Nucera Francesco , Brun Paola , Caicci Federico , Dama Paola , Stiff Thomas , Castellano Leandro , Idrees Sobia , Johansen Matt D. , Faiz Alen , Wark Peter A. , Hansbro Philip M. , Adcock Ian M. , Caramori Gaetano , Stellato Cristiana 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe RNA-binding protein AU-rich-element factor-1 (AUF-1) participates to posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in inflammation and cellular senescence, two pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Decreased AUF-1 expression was described in bronchiolar epithelium of COPD patients versus controls and in vitro cytokine- and cigarette smoke-challenged human airway epithelial cells, prompting the identification of epithelial AUF-1-targeted transcripts and function, and investigation on the mechanism of its loss.ResultsRNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-Seq) identified, in the human airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, 494 AUF-1-bound mRNAs enriched in their 3’-untranslated regions for a Guanine-Cytosine (GC)-rich binding motif. AUF-1 association with selected transcripts and with a synthetic GC-rich motif were validated by biotin pulldown. AUF-1-targets’ steady-state levels were equally affected by partial or near-total AUF-1 loss induced by cytomix (TNFα/IL1β/IFNγ/10 nM each) and siRNA, respectively, with differential transcript decay rates. Cytomix-mediated decrease in AUF-1 levels in BEAS-2B and primary human small-airways epithelium (HSAEC) was replicated by treatment with the senescence- inducer compound etoposide and associated with readouts of cell-cycle arrest, increase in lysosomal damage and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and with AUF-1 transfer in extracellular vesicles, detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting. Extensive in-silico and genome ontology analysis found, consistent with AUF-1 functions, enriched RIP-Seq-derived AUF-1-targets in COPD-related pathways involved in inflammation, senescence, gene regulation and also in the public SASP proteome atlas; AUF-1 target signature was also significantly represented in multiple transcriptomic COPD databases generated from primary HSAEC, from lung tissue and from single-cell RNA-sequencing, displaying a predominant downregulation of expression.DiscussionLoss of intracellular AUF-1 may alter posttranscriptional regulation of targets particularly relevant for protection of genomic integrity and gene regulation, thus concurring to airway epithelial inflammatory responses related to oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Exosomal-associated AUF-1 may in turn preserve bound RNA targets and sustain their function, participating to spreading of inflammation and senescence to neighbouring cells.
Genetic support of the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Zengbin , Zhu Guixian , Lei Xiangye , Tang Liqiong , Kong Guangyao , Shen Mingwang , Zhang Lei , Song Lingqin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe association between gut microbiome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted much attention, but its causality remains unclear and requires more direct evidence.MethodsIn this study, we conducted the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19 based on the summary statistics data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Over 1.8 million individuals with three COVID-19 phenotypes (severity, hospitalization and infection) were included. And 196 bacterial taxa from phylum to genus were analyzed. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis was chosen as the primary method. Besides, false discovery rate (FDR) correction of p-value was used. To test the robustness of the causal relationships with p-FDR &lt; 0.05, sensitivity analyses including the secondary MR analyses, horizontal pleiotropy test, outliers test, and “leave-one-out” analysis were conducted.ResultsIn the forward MR, we found that 3, 8, and 10 bacterial taxa had suggestive effects on COVID-19 severity, hospitalization and infection, respectively. The genus Alloprevotella [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.32–2.11; p = 1.69×10−5, p-FDR = 2.01×10−3] was causally associated with a higher COVID-19 severity risk. In the reverse MR, COVID-19 severity, hospitalization and infection had suggestive effects on the abundance of 4, 8 and 10 bacterial taxa, respectively. COVID-19 hospitalization causally increased the abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes (OR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04–1.22; p = 3.02×10−3; p-FDR = 2.72×10−2). However, secondary MR analyses indicated that the result of COVID-19 hospitalization on the phylum Bacteroidetes required careful consideration.ConclusionOur study revealed the causal association between gut microbiome and COVID-19 and highlighted the role of “gut-lung axis” in the progression of COVID-19.
Green synthetic natural carbon dots derived from Fuligo Plantae with inhibitory effect against alcoholic gastric ulcer
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , Cheng Guoliang , Gao Yushan , Cui Luming , Zhao Yafang , Zhang Yifan , Tian Yu , Zhao Yan , Zhang Yue , Qu Huihua , Kong Hui 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:Fuligo Plantae (FP), the ash that sticks to the bottom of pots or chimneys after weeds burn, has long been used for its hemostatic effects and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Nevertheless, the active ingredient of FP still needs to be further explored.Methods: The microstructure, optical and chemical properties of FP-CDs were characterized. An alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model was utilized to evaluate whether pre-administration of FP-CDs alleviated gastric bleeding symptoms and ameliorated gastric mucosal barrier disruption. In addition, the feces of each group of rats were extracted for 16S rDNA genome sequencing of intestinal flora.Results: FP-CDs with a diameter ranging from 1.4–3.2 nm had abundant chemical groups, which may be beneficial to the exertion of inherent activity. FP-CDs alleviated alcohol-induced gastric ulcer, as demonstrated by activating the extrinsic coagulation pathway, alleviating inflammation, and suppressing oxidative stress levels. More interestingly, FP-CDs can improve the diversity and dysbiosis of intestinal flora in rats with alcohol-induced gastric ulcer.Conclusion: These comes about illustrate the momentous inhibitory effects of FP-CDs on alcoholic gastric ulcer in rats, which give a modern methodology for investigating the effective ingredient of FP, and lay an experimental basis for the application of FP-CDs in the clinical treatment of alcoholic gastric ulcer.
Effects of neurofeedback on standing postural control task with combined imagined and executed movements
Authors: Sawai Shun , Fujikawa Shoya , Ohsumi Chihiro , Ushio Ryu , Tamura Kosuke , Yamamoto Ryosuke , Kai Yoshihiro , Murata Shin , Shima Keisuke , Nakano Hideki 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionMotor imagery (MI) is a method of imagining movement without actual movement, and its use in combination with motor execution (ME) enhances the effects of motor learning. Neurofeedback (NFB) is another method that promotes the effects of MI. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NFB on combined MI and ME (MIME) training in a standing postural control task.MethodsSixteen participants were randomly divided into MIME and MIME + NFB groups and performed 10 trials of a postural control task on an unstable board, with nine trials of MI in between. Electroencephalogram was assessed during MI, and the MIME + NFB group received neurofeedback on the degree of MI via auditory stimulation. A postural control task using an unstable board was performed before and after the MIME task, during which postural instability was evaluated.ResultsPostural instability was reduced after the MIME task in both groups. In addition, the root mean square, which indicates the sway of the unstable board, was significantly reduced in the MIME + NFB group compared to that in the MIME group.ConclusionOur results indicate that MIME training is effective for motor learning of standing postural control. Furthermore, when MI and ME are combined, the feedback on the degree of MI enhances the learning effect.
Streptococcus pneumoniae nasal carriage patterns with and without common respiratory virus detections in households in Seattle, WA, USA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bennett Julia C. , Emanuels Anne , Heimonen Jessica , O'Hanlon Jessica , Hughes James P. , Han Peter D. , Chow Eric J. , Ogokeh Constance E. , Rolfes Melissa A. , Lockwood Christine M. , Pfau Brian , Uyeki Timothy M. , Shendure Jay , Hoag Samara , Fay Kairsten , Lee Jover , Sibley Thomas R. , Rogers Julia H. , Starita Lea M. , Englund Janet A. , Chu Helen Y. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundRespiratory viruses might influence Streptococcus pneumoniae nasal carriage and subsequent disease risk. We estimated the association between common respiratory viruses and semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density in a household setting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsFrom November 2019–June 2021, we enrolled participants in a remote household surveillance study of respiratory pathogens. Participants submitted weekly reports of acute respiratory illness (ARI) symptoms. Mid-turbinate or anterior nasal swabs were self-collected at enrollment, when ARI occurred, and, in the second year of the study only, from household contacts after SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a household member. Specimens were tested using multiplex reverse-transcription PCR for respiratory pathogens, including S. pneumoniae, rhinovirus, adenovirus, common human coronavirus, influenza A/B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A/B, human metapneumovirus, enterovirus, and human parainfluenza virus. We estimated differences in semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density, estimated by the inverse of S. pneumoniae relative cycle threshold (Crt) values, with and without viral detection for any virus and for specific respiratory viruses using linear generalized estimating equations of S. pneumoniae Crt values on virus detection adjusted for age and swab type and accounting for clustering of swabs within households.ResultsWe collected 346 swabs from 239 individuals in 151 households that tested positive for S. pneumoniae (n = 157 with and 189 without ≥1 viruses co-detected). Difficulty breathing, cough, and runny nose were more commonly reported among individuals with specimens with viral co-detection compared to without (15%, 80% and 93% vs. 8%, 57%, and 51%, respectively) and ear pain and headache were less commonly reported (3% and 26% vs. 16% and 41%, respectively). For specific viruses among all ages, semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density was greater with viral co-detection for enterovirus, RSV A/B, adenovirus, rhinovirus, and common human coronavirus (P &lt; 0.01 for each). When stratified by age, semiquantitative S. pneumoniae nasal carriage density was significantly greater with viral co-detection among children aged &lt;5 (P = 0.002) and 5–17 years (P = 0.005), but not among adults aged 18–64 years (P = 0.29).ConclusionDetection of common respiratory viruses was associated with greater concurrent S. pneumoniae semiquantitative nasal carriage density in a household setting among children, but not adults.
Wood identification of Cyclobalanopsis (Endl.) Oerst based on microscopic features and CTGAN-enhanced explainable machine learning models
Authors: Zhan Weihui , Chen Bowen , Wu Xiaolian , Yang Zhen , Lin Che , Lin Jinguo , Guan Xin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAccurate and fast identification of wood at the species level is critical for protecting and conserving tree species resources. The current identification methods are inefficient, costly, and complexMethodsA wood species identification model based on wood anatomy and using the Cyclobalanopsis genus wood cell geometric dataset was proposed. The model was enhanced by the CTGAN deep learning algorithm and used a simulated cell geometric feature dataset. The machine learning models BPNN and SVM were trained respectively for recognition of three Cyclobalanopsis species with simulated vessel cells and simulated wood fiber cells.ResultsThe SVM model and BPNN model achieved recognition accuracy of 96.4% and 99.6%, respectively, on the real dataset, using the CTGAN-generated vessel dataset. The BPNN model and SVM model achieved recognition accuracy of 75.5% and 77.9% on real dataset, respectively, using the CTGAN-generated wood fiber dataset.DiscussionThe machine learning model trained based on the enhanced cell geometric feature data by CTGAN achieved good recognition of Cyclobalanopsis, with the SVM model having a higher prediction accuracy than BPNN. The machine learning models were interpreted based on LIME to explore how they identify tree species based on wood cell geometric features. This proposed model can be used for efficient and cost-effective identification of wood species in industrial applications.