bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet‐Adaptive Electronic Skin
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhuang Qiuna , Ding Yichun , Zhang Chi , Song Xian , Chen Zijian , Zhang Yaokang , Mei Quanjin , Zhao Xin , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSkin electronics provides remarkable opportunities for non‐invasive and long‐term monitoring of a wide variety of biophysical and physiological signals that are closely related to health, medicine, and human‐machine interactions. Nevertheless, conventional skin electronics fabricated on elastic thin films are difficult to adapt to the wet microenvironments of the skin: Elastic thin films are non‐permeable, which block the skin perspiration; Elastic thin films are difficult to adhere to wet skin; Most skin electronics are difficult to work underwater. Here, a Wet‐Adaptive Electronic Skin (WADE‐skin) is reported, which consists of a next‐to‐skin wet‐adhesive fibrous layer, a next‐to‐air waterproof fibrous layer, and a stretchable and permeable liquid metal electrode layer. While the electronic functionality is determined by the electrode design, this WADE‐skin simultaneously offers superb stretchability, wet adhesion, permeability, biocompatibility, and waterproof property. The WADE‐skin can rapidly adhere to human skin after contact for a few seconds and stably maintain the adhesion over weeks even under wet conditions, without showing any negative effect to the skin health. The use of WADE‐skin is demonstrated for the stable recording of electrocardiogram during intensive sweating as well as underwater activities, and as the strain sensor for the underwater operation of virtual reality‐mediated human‐machine interactions.
Stability Issues in Electrochemical CO2Reduction: Recent Advances in Fundamental Understanding and Design Strategies
Authors: Lai Wenchuan , Qiao Yan , Wang Yanan , Huang Hongwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle and store intermittent renewable energy in fuels or chemicals. On the path to commercializing this technology, achieving the long‐term operation stability is a central requirement but still confronts challenges. This motivates to organize the present review to systematically discuss the stability issue of CO2RR. This review starts from the fundamental understanding on the destabilization mechanisms of CO2RR, with focus on the degradation of electrocatalyst and change of reaction microenvironment during continuous electrolysis. Subsequently, recent efforts on catalyst design to stabilize the active sites are summarized, where increasing atomic binding strength to resist surface reconstruction is highlighted. Next, the optimization of electrolysis system to enhance the operation stability by maintaining reaction microenvironment especially mitigating flooding and carbonate problems is demonstrated. The manipulation on operation conditions also enables to prolong CO2RR lifespan through recovering catalytically active sites and mass transport process. This review finally ends up by indicating the challenges and future opportunities.
Regulating Organic Dopant Dispersion in Polymer Matrices for Concentration‐Controlled Color‐Tunable Organic RTP Emissions
Authors: Chen Junwu , Zhang Shiguo , Liu Guanyu , Zhang Yuefa , Xue Shanfeng , Sun Qikun , Yang Wenjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMulti‐aryl conjugated organic molecules have intrinsically poor compatibility with most polymers, although they can be dispersed into polymer matrices by solution casting film. This work proposes that this property can be used to obtain diverse dispersion states and realize unique room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Herein, cyano‐ and amide‐containing N‐phenylcarbazoles (2Q5X, 2J5X) are doped into different polar and rigid PVA and PMMA. 2J5X/PVA emits blue and green RTP after 254 and 365 nm light excitation, respectively, whereas 2Q5X/PVA emits green RTP bearing excitation wavelength‐dependent blue‐emitting shoulder. When 2Q5X is doped into PMMA, this blue RTP becomes dominant due to the increase in molecular dispersion ratio. Combined with the investigations on RTP properties of low doping concentration polymers and crystalline and amorphous states, the blue RTP and green RTP are attributed to the emissions of the isolated molecule and the clustering molecules, respectively. This work reveals that regulating the dispersion of organic dopants in polymers can provide unique and diverse RTP properties.
Chiral 2D/Quasi‐2D Perovskite Heterojunction Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Full‐Stokes Polarization Detection
Authors: Zhao Yiman , Zhou Zhonghao , Liu Xiaolong , Ren Ang , Ji Shiyang , Guan Yuwei , Liu Zhen , Liu Haidi , Li Penghao , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: August 2023

The realization of Stokes photodetectors accelerates the development of various modern optoelectronic applications. Chiral 2D perovskites with intrinsic chiral optical activity and superior carrier mobility are promising for next‐generation full‐Stokes polarization detection. So far, most of the chiral 2D metal‐halide perovskite‐based photodetectors suffer from limited discrimination of circularly polarized light due to the high exciton recombination rate in single‐phase perovskite, impeding the accurate measurement for Stokes parameters. Here, an on‐chip Stokes photodetector based on chiral 2D/quasi‐2D perovskite lateral heterojunction nanowire (NW) arrays with high polarization selectivity and photoresponsiveness is reported. The highly‐aligned heterojunction NW arrays not only build up a built‐in electric field for enhanced chiral discrimination, but also possess intrinsic anisotropy that enables outstanding linear polarization response. On this basis, the device exhibits reliable ability for polarization detection with a high anisotropy factor of 0.38, an outstanding polarized ratio of 1.5, and an excellent responsivity of 22.14 A W−1. These results will provide useful enlightenment for direct full‐Stokes polarization detection in optoelectronic integrated circuits.
Dissecting the Determinants of Domain Insertion Tolerance and Allostery in Proteins
Authors: Mathony Jan , Aschenbrenner Sabine , Becker Philipp , Niopek Dominik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDomain insertion engineering is a promising approach to recombine the functions of evolutionarily unrelated proteins. Insertion of light‐switchable receptor domains into a selected effector protein, for instance, can yield allosteric effectors with light‐dependent activity. However, the parameters that determine domain insertion tolerance and allostery are poorly understood. Here, an unbiased screen is used to systematically assess the domain insertion permissibility of several evolutionary unrelated proteins. Training machine learning models on the resulting data allow to dissect features informative for domain insertion tolerance and revealed sequence conservation statistics as the strongest indicators of suitable insertion sites. Finally, extending the experimental pipeline toward the identification of switchable hybrids results in opto‐chemogenetic derivatives of the transcription factor AraC that function as single‐protein Boolean logic gates. The study reveals determinants of domain insertion tolerance and yielded multimodally switchable proteins with unique functional properties.
Steerable and Agile Light‐Fueled Rolling Locomotors by Curvature‐Engineered Torsional Torque
Authors: Choi Jun‐Chan , Jeon Jisoo , Lee Jae‐Won , Nauman Asad , Lee Jae Gyeong , Cho Woongbi , Lee Chanwoo , Cho Young‐Min , Wie Jeong Jae , Kim Hak‐Rin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOn‐demand photo‐steerable amphibious rolling motions are generated by the structural engineering of monolithic soft locomotors. Photo‐morphogenesis of azobenzene‐functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks (azo‐LCNs) is designed from spiral ribbon to helicoid helices, employing a 270° super‐twisted nematic molecular geometry with aspect ratio variations of azo‐LCN strips. Unlike the intermittent and biased rolling of spiral ribbon azo‐LCNs with center‐of‐mass shifting, the axial torsional torque of helicoid azo‐LCNs enables continuous and straight rolling at high rotation rates (≈720 rpm). Furthermore, center‐tapered helicoid structures with wide edges are introduced for effectively accelerating photo‐motilities while maintaining directional controllability. Irrespective of surface conditions, the photo‐induced rotational torque of center‐tapered helicoid azo‐LCNs can be transferred to interacting surfaces, as manifested by steep slope climbing and paddle‐like swimming multimodal motilities. Finally, the authors demonstrate continuous curvilinear guidance of soft locomotors, bypassing obstacles and reaching desired destinations through real‐time on‐demand photo‐steering.
Defect‐Engineered Electrically‐Injected Germanium‐on‐Insulator Waveguide Light Emitters at Telecom Wavelengths
Authors: Yeh Po‐Lun , Wu Bo‐Rui , Peng Yi‐Wei , Wu Chen‐Wei , Jheng Yue‐Tong , Lee Kwang Hong , Chen Qimiao , Tan Chuan Seng , Chang Guo‐En 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGe‐on‐insulators (GOIs) have been extensively explored as a potential platform for electronic‐photonic integrated circuits (EPICs), enabling various emerging applications. Although an efficient electrically‐injected light source is highly desirable, realizing such devices with optimal light emission efficiency remains challenging. Here, the first room‐temperature electrically‐injected Ge waveguide light emitters consisting of a lateral p–i–n homojunction on a GOI platform that can be monolithically integrated with EPICs are demonstrated. A high‐quality Ge active layer is transferred onto an insulator layer with the misfit dislocations in the Ge active layer eliminated to suppress unwanted nonradiative recombination. A 0.165% tensile strain is introduced to enhance the directness of the band structure and improve the light emission efficiency. The device comprises a waveguide structure with a significantly improved optical confinement as the optical resonator and a lateral p–i–n homojunction structure as the electrical injection structure. Under continuous‐wave electrical current injection at room temperature, enhanced electroluminescence is successfully observed at telecommunications wavelengths covering the C, L, and U bands, with improved efficiency. Theoretical analysis suggests that the quantum efficiency of Ge light emitters is dramatically affected by the defect density. These results pave the way for developing efficient, room‐temperature, electrically‐injected light emitters for next‐generation GOI‐based EPICs.
One‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide crystals via bipolar membrane crystallization
Authors: Hou Bowen , Fu Rong , Wang Huangying , Yan Junying , Li Ruirui , Wang Baoying , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo date, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) is being developed as a competitive technology for waste lithium‐ion battery recovery. However, the purity and concentration of lithium hydroxide generated from a BMED plant could not meet the product criteria for ternary lithium batteries, thus requiring additional condensation, purification, evaporation, and crystallization procedures. Herein, bipolar membrane crystallization (BMC) was proposed for the one‐step conversion of sulfate lithium into high‐purity lithium hydroxide monohydrate crystals. By mediating a continuous saturated feedstock in the salt compartment, it is possible to convert Li2SO4 into 5+ mol/L LiOH at a current density higher than 500 A/m2. Therefore, this unique design allows the production of 99.9% LiOH∙H2O by taking the principle of water dissociation in the bipolar membrane and the simultaneous crystallization procedure. This proof‐of‐concept study proves the feasibility and competitiveness of the BMC for waste lithium recovery by abandoning the condensation and evaporation procedures.
Distinctive aspects of the immune status of the Kola Saami and Russians living in the Far North
Authors: Gubkina Lyubov V. , Samodova Anna V. , Dobrodeeva Liliya K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe level of immunological reactivity of the indigenous inhabitants of the Far North may depend on the extreme‐discomfort factors of the climatic environment and genetic traits of the population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the distinctive elements of the immune status of the Kola Saami and Russians living in the Far North (Murmansk Region).MethodsA complex immunological study of peripheral venous blood composition was performed and involved 67 Saami and 81 Russian inhabitants of the Far North (Murmansk Region) who were aged 21–55. Blood was collected from the cubital vein on an empty stomach in the morning. For the peripheral venous blood, we obtained a hemogram and phagocytic activity of neutrophils, determined the content of lymphocytes with CD4, CD8, CD16, and CD71 phenotypes by indirect immunoperoxidase reaction and flow cytometry using an Epics XL apparatus (Beckman Coulter, United States), obtained concentrations of IL‐6, IFN‐γ, IL‐10, IgA, M, G, E, sCD54, and sCD62L, transferrin, and sCD71 by enzyme immunoassay using the “Evolis” enzyme immunoassay analyzer from Bio‐RAD (Germany), and obtained circulating immune complexes by precipitation using 3.5%, 4.0%, and 7.5% PEG‐6000. The sIgA content was determined in morning saliva, urine, and gastrointestinal tract secretions. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t‐criterion, and Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsA decrease in the total number of leukocyte cells in the Saami was associated with a high incidence of leukopenia, lymphopenia, and neutropenia. Deficiency in active phagocytes and serum IgA and sIgA concentrations was revealed as well as increased contents of CD4+ and CD8+ receptor lymphocytes, membrane and free adhesion molecules, and transferrin. Leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, and eosinophilia with increased contents of natural killer cells, IL‐6, and IL‐10 were recorded more frequently in the Russians. High levels of IgE and IFN‐γ, which have the most pronounced cytotoxicity and are indicative of strained immune mechanisms, were characteristic of the Saami and Russians.ConclusionThe distinctive aspects of the immune status of the Kola Saami is related to the deficit in the active phagocyte and serum IgA and sIgA concentrations as well as the increase in the contents of cytotoxic lymphocytes, intercellular adhesion molecules, transferrin, and IFN‐γ proinflammatory cytokines. The Russian inhabitants of the Far North are characterized by an adaptive response manifested by an increase in antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity, involving IL‐6 and IL‐10.
All chronic rhinosinusitis endotype clusters demonstrate improvement in patient‐reported and clinical outcome measures after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Chapurin Nikita , Schlosser Rodney J. , Gutierrez Jorge , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Bodner Todd E. , Khan Sofia , Mulligan Jennifer K. , Mattos Jose L. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes show a differential response to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We explored patient mucous inflammatory cytokine expression and associations with patient‐reported and clinically measured post‐operative outcome measures.MethodsPatients with CRS were prospectively recruited between 2016 and 2021 into a national multicenter, observational study. Mucus was collected from the olfactory cleft preoperatively and evaluated for 26 biomarkers using cluster analysis. Patient‐reported outcome measures included the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (QOD). Additional clinical measures of disease severity included threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) scores using “Sniffin’ Sticks” testing and Lund–Kennedy endoscopic score (LKES).ResultsA total of 115 patients were clustered into type 2 inflammatory, non–type 2 inflammatory, noninflammatory, and two indeterminate clusters based on individual protein levels. Overall, the type 2 inflammatory cluster was found to have the highest mean improvement in both SNOT‐22 (−28.3 [standard deviation, ±16.2]) and TDI (6.5 [standard deviation, ±7.9]) scores 6 months after ESS. However, on average, all endotype clusters demonstrated improvement in all outcome measures after ESS without statistically significant between‐group differences in SNOT‐22 (p = 0.738), QOD (p = 0.306), TDI (p = 0.358), or LKES (p = 0.514) measures.ConclusionsAll CRS endotype clusters responded favorably to surgery and showed improvements in patient‐reported and objective outcome measures. Thus, ESS should be considered a more generalized CRS therapy, and benefits appear to not be limited to specific endotypes.
White matter hyperintensity longitudinal morphometric analysis in association with Alzheimer disease
Authors: Strain Jeremy Fuller , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Adeyemo Babatunde , Cheng Kathleen , Womack Kyle B. , McCarthy John , Goyal Manu , Chen Yasheng , Sotiras Aristeidis , An Hongyu , Xiong Chengjie , Scharf Andrea , Newsom‐Stewart Catherine , Morris John Carl , Benzinger Tammie Lee Smith , Lee Jin‐Moo , Ances Beau M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONVascular damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown conflicting findings particularly when analyzing longitudinal data. We introduce white matter hyperintensity (WMH) longitudinal morphometric analysis (WLMA) that quantifies WMH expansion as the distance from lesion voxels to a region of interest boundary.METHODSWMH segmentation maps were derived from 270 longitudinal fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) ADNI images. WLMA was performed on five data‐driven WMH patterns with distinct spatial distributions. Amyloid accumulation was evaluated with WMH expansion across the five WMH patterns.RESULTSThe preclinical group had significantly greater expansion in the posterior ventricular WM compared to controls. Amyloid significantly associated with frontal WMH expansion primarily within AD individuals. WLMA outperformed WMH volume changes for classifying AD from controls primarily in periventricular and posterior WMH.DISCUSSIONThese data support the concept that localized WMH expansion continues to proliferate with amyloid accumulation throughout the entirety of the disease in distinct spatial locations.
The influence of different sugammadex doses on neural tube development in early‐stage chick embryos
Authors: Ayhan Asude , Efe Ekin , Fidan Pinar A. , Efe Oguzhan E. , Ates Eylem Gul , Sahinturk Fikret , Ayhan Selim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSugammadex is a modified gamma‐cyclodextrin that has been developed with the goal of reversing the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of different sugammadex doses on embryologic and neural tube development in an early‐stage chick embryo model.MethodsA total of 100 specific pathogen‐free, fertilized domestic chicken eggs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20, each), and placed in an automatic cycle incubator. The eggs in the “control (C)” group were incubated without administration of any drug till the end of the experiment. Sub‐blastodermic administration of 0.9% NaCl as vehicle control (VC) and different doses of sugammadex solutions prepared with the latter [2 mg/mL (LD), 4 mg/mL (MD), 16 mg/mL (HD)] were performed at 30 hr of incubation. All embryos were removed from the eggs at 72 hr when they were expected to reach Hamburger‐Hamilton (HH) stages 19–20, then they were fixed, and evaluated histo‐morphologically.ResultsEmbryonic development was not observed in 11 eggs (1 in C, 1 in VC; 3 in LD, 3 in MD, and 3 in HD). All the developed embryos were compatible with the HH stages 19–20. A neural tube closure defect was detected in one embryo in the HD group. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of embryonic and neural tube developments.ConclusionsNo significant association was found between the drug and adverse outcomes; however, a trend with dosing was seen. Further studies are required before conclude on safety and extrapolate these results to human beings.
Circulation as a Visual Practice**
Authors: Steiner Katharina , Engelmann Lukas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis special issue looks at some of the ways that images are adopted, co‐opted, and adapted in the life sciences and beyond. It brings together papers that investigate the role of visualization in scientific knowledge‐production with contributions that focus on the distribution and dissemination of knowledge to a broader audience. A commentary provides a critical perspective. In this editorial we introduce circulation as a practice to better understand scientific images. Along two themes, we highlight connections across the papers. First, the social life of scientific representation follows the contexts, settings, and spaces through which images circulate. Second, authorship, expertise, and trust inform the capacity and the failure of images to circulate. Altogether, this volume raises a set of new questions about circulation as practice in the historiography of images in the life sciences.
Problem‐based learning (PBL) application in ‘metabolic syndrome (MetS)’ among common diseases of the modern age: A case study
Authors: Günter Tuğçe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study was to teach metabolic syndrome (MetS) disease through a scenario developed according to the problem‐based learning (PBL) approach in the biochemistry class. The study was designed as a single group pre‐test and post‐test research. The study group consisted of first‐year students (N = 183) from the nursing department within the health sciences faculty of a state university in Turkey. The study findings indicated that PBL increased students' understanding and learning performances about MetS. It may be suggested that those learned by the scenario developed according to the PBL are effective in learning about the MetS.