bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating “Artificial Suns”: the Sino-Western race to master limitless clean energy through nuclear fusion
Authors: Wong Wilson Kia Onn 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the intensifying efforts by China and the West to harness the clean, limitless energy of nuclear fusion. However, it argues that this “holy grail” of a fusion future is only achievable through an optimal combination of mission-oriented public–private cooperation and genuine intergovernmental cooperation.Design/methodology/approachThis study deploys a case-study approach, augmented by relevant literature, to analyse the advances in fusion technology.FindingsDespite purported recent advances in fusion technology, these advances remain largely “proof of concept” experiments rather than commercially viable technologies that enable us to truly harness the infinite power of these “artificial suns”. To achieve the moonshot goal of delivering practicable “net energy gain” from fusion power, this study advocates shedding hubristic political “one-upmanship” amongst rival governments. Further, it urges focussing the ingenuity, along with the financial and scientific resources of all stakeholders (both public and private) across the globe to bring about this “fusion dawn”. Moreover, efforts to deliver fusion power face significant competition from other clean energy sources (wind, solar power and nuclear fission reactors) that are not only technically far less challenging but also economically more viable with their declining cost structures.Originality/valueThis study is possibly one of the few social science papers that examines the prospect of clean, limitless fusion power along with the challenges it faces and its societal implications.
The accident-adjusted dynamic efficiency of public bus operators in metropolitan cities of India
Authors: Gulati Rachita 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe study evaluates the accident-adjusted dynamic efficiency of public bus operators providing bus transportation services in eight major metropolitan cities of India.Design/methodology/approachThe slack-based measure (SBM)–undesirable window analysis approach is used to gauge the dynamic efficiency levels and identify the sources of inefficiency in bus transportation services. This innovative approach integrates the SBM model developed by Tone (2001, 2004) and the window analysis approach of Charnes et al. (1985). The main advantage of this approach is that one can explicitly incorporate the number of accidents in the production technology specification as an undesirable (bad) output and potently handle the issue of the “curse of dimensionality” in a small sample like ours.FindingsThe key empirical findings suggest wide variations in average efficiency levels across sample bus operators in metropolitan cities. The Chennai Transport Corporation is observed as the most efficient and consistent bus operator due to its most stable efficiency performance. The results additionally unveil that the role of managerial inefficiency was diminutive, and the scale-related issues were the real cause of sub-optimal or supra-optimal behaviour of sample bus operators in the resource-utilisation process.Practical implicationsThere is an urgent requirement for effective policy intercessions to mitigate the sizeable observed inefficiency in the production process and resolve scale-related issues of public bus operators offering transit services in major metropolitan cities of India.Originality/valueThis paper is maybe the first to assess the dynamic efficiency of public bus transit systems in India's major metropolitan cities after treating accidents.
Sensorless DTC-SVM applied to an induction motor controlled by a three-level inverter using SMSFO
Authors: Jnayah Salma , Khedher Adel 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor (IM) drive is featured by high ripples in the electromagnetic torque and stator flux profiles because they are controlled by two hysteresis regulators. Furthermore, the machine flux is not directly measurable. Hence, it is better to reconstitute it from the instantaneous electrical equations of the machine. Once the stator flux is estimated, we can guarantee a reliable sensorless DTC control. Thus, the purpose of this research work is to ensure fast response and full reference tracking of the IM under sensorless DTC strategy with desired dynamic behavior and low ripple levels.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, an improved DTC strategy, which is DTC_SVM_3L, is suggested. The first step of the designed approach is to substitute the conventional inverter feeding the motor with a three-level inverter because it guarantees reduced switching losses, improved quality of voltage waveform and low-current total harmonic distortion rate. The second aim of this paper is to make the IM operate at a constant switching frequency by using the nearest three vectors-based space vector modulation (SVM) technique rather than hysteresis controllers. The third objective of this study is to conceive a sliding-mode stator flux observer, which can improve the control performances by using a sensorless algorithm to get an accurate estimation, and consequently, increase the reliability of the system and decrease the cost of using sensors. The stability of the proposed observer is demonstrated based on the Lyapunov theory. To overcome the load change disturbance in the proposed DTC control strategy, this paper exhibits a comparative assessment of four speed regulation methods: classical proportional and integral (PI) regulator, fuzzy logic PI controller, particle swarm optimization PI controller and backstepping regulator. The entire control algorithm was tested under different disturbances such as stator resistance and load torque variations.FindingsIt was ascertained that the IM, controlled with three-level inverter, exhibits good performances under the proposed DTC-SVM strategy based on a sliding-mode observer. The robustness of the suggested approach against parameter variations is also proved.Originality/valueThe theoretical development of the proposed control strategy is thoroughly described. Then, simulations using Matlab/Simulink software are launched to investigate the merits of the sensorless DTC-SVM command of three-level inverter-fed IM drive with different speed regulators.
The impact of library and information science knowledge from the perspective of external citations
Authors: Si Li , Guo Caiqiang 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the characteristics of knowledge diffusion in library and information science (LIS) to reveal the impact of knowledge in LIS on other disciplines and the disciplinary status of LIS.Design/methodology/approachTaking the 573 highly cited papers (HCP) of LIS during the years 2000–2019 in Web of Science and 85,638 papers citing them from non-LIS disciplines as the analysis object, this paper analysed the disciplines to which the citing papers belonged regarding the Biglan model, and the topics and their characteristics of the citing disciplines using latent Dirichlet allocation topic clustering.FindingsThe results showed that the knowledge in LIS was exported to multiple disciplines and topics. (1) Citations from other disciplines were overall increasing, and the main citing disciplines, mainly from applied science disciplines, were medicine, computer science, management, economics, education, sociology, psychology, journalism and communication, earth science, engineering, biology, political science, chemistry and agronomy. However, those disciplines had fewer citations to LIS during for the years from 2000 to 2004, with rapid growth in the next three time periods. (2) The citing papers had various topics and showed an increasing trend in quantity. Moreover, topics of different disciplines from 2000 to 2019 had various characteristics.Originality/valueFrom the perspective of discipline and topic, this study analyses papers citing the HCP of LIS from non-LIS disciplines, revealing the impact of knowledge in LIS on other disciplines.
CEO gender and readability of annual reports: do female CEOs’ demographic attributes matter?
Authors: E-Vahdati Sahar , Oradi Javad , Nazari Jamal A. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study examines the association between chief executive officer (CEO) gender and the readability of annual reports by considering some demographic attributes of female CEOs.Design/methodology/approachOrdinary least squares (OLS) regression is used to test the research hypotheses on a sample of S&P 500 firms between 2004 and 2016.FindingsThe results show that female CEOs are significantly positively associated with the readability of 10-K reports – in line with ethical-sensitivity theory. Further results show that this association is variable depending on the demographic attributes of female CEOs – in line with upper echelon theory. Specifically, older female CEOs and those with financial expertise are significantly associated with more readable 10-K reports. In contrast, female CEOs hired from within the firm are negatively associated with the readability of 10-K.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides evidence on the effect of female CEOs and their demographic attributes on annual report readability, which was not addressed in prior research.Practical implicationsThe findings show that the appointment of female CEOs seems like a helpful avenue to reduce concerns among the regulators about the textual complexity of annual reports. However, the most important policy implication of the study is that the decision to appoint female CEOs should be based more on their demographic attributes than on gender equality recommendations and full trust in women's behavioral consequences.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the academic literature on readability and gender. Prior research has not clarified which attributes and skills of female CEOs drive their abilities to improve shareholder value and make more ethical decisions. This study suggests that female CEOs are not better “per se” to improve corporate governance practices, and the impacts of female CEOs are not the same and differ according to their demographic attributes.
An enhanced solution approach for multi-period discrete manufacturing product assembly inventory routing problem with supply failure risks and customer demand uncertainty
Authors: Prakash Satya , Mukherjee Indrajit 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study primarily aims to develop and solve an enhanced optimisation model for an assembly product multi-period inbound inventory routing problem (IRP). The many-to-one (inbound) model considers the bill of materials (BOM), supply failure risks (SFR) and customer demand uncertainty. The secondary objective is to study the influence of potential time-dependent model variables on the overall supply network costs based on a full factorial design of experiments (DOE).

Design/methodology/approach
A five-step solution approach is proposed to derive the optimal inventory levels, best sourcing strategy and vehicle route plans for a multi-period discrete manufacturing product assembly IRP. The proposed approach considers an optimal risk mitigation strategy by considering less risk-prone suppliers to deliver the required components in a specific period. A mixed-integer linear programming formulation was solved to derive the optimal supply network costs.

Findings
The simulation results indicate that lower demand variation, lower component price and higher supply capacity can provide superior cost performance for an inbound supply network. The results also demonstrate that increasing supply capacity does not necessarily decrease product shortages. However, when demand variation is high, product shortages are reduced at the expense of the supply network cost.

Research limitations/implications
A two-echelon supply network for a single assembled discrete product with homogeneous vehicle fleet availability was considered in this study.

Originality/value
The proposed multi-period inbound IRP model considers realistic SFR, customer demand uncertainties and product assembly requirements based on a specific BOM. The mathematical model includes various practical aspects, such as supply capacity constraints, supplier management costs and target service-level requirements. A sensitivity analysis based on a full factorial DOE provides new insights that can aid practitioners in real-life decision-making.
A service evaluation of the assessment process in a Step4 Psychological Therapies Service
Authors: Robinson Amie , De Boos Danielle , Moghaddam Nima 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to improve the efficiency of the assessment process within a Step4 Psychological Therapies Service by identifying factors related to assessment non-attendance and service suitability for referred clients.

Design/methodology/approach
Referral and assessment information was accessed between October 2019 and March 2020 from Step4 routine service data, electronic client records where necessary and Step4 staff self-report questionnaires.

Findings
All clients offered an assessment during this time attended. Findings indicated several factors could influence service suitability in meeting client need. These included individual differences such as readiness to change, which was not necessarily identified at referral or prior to assessment, and potential systemic factors, such as the opt-in procedure, which possibly impeded access. Though the necessity for assessment in clarifying client needs and treatment was indicated, an assessment (from referral to assessment appointment) that led to discharge could take an excess of one working day of service time, associated with considerable opportunity cost to other clients awaiting assessment. Recommendations are made for improving assessment efficiency.

Originality/value
With a high prevalence of poor mental health in the UK, efforts must be made to identify and reduce additional demand upon service time and resources within mental health services to effectively meet people’s needs. Recommendations to improve assessment process efficiency include the use of a standardised referral form, offer of follow-up support procedures, increased client involvement, a streamlined opt-in battery and ongoing monitoring to ensure shared practice between clinicians. These are transferable to other mental health services, with implications for subsequent quality and timeliness of care.
Determinants of household behavioural intention towards reducing, reusing and recycling food waste management
Authors: Chengqin Edmund Khoo , Zailani Suhaiza , Rahman Muhammad Khalilur , Aziz Azmin Azliza , Bhuiyan Miraj Ahmed , Gazi Md. Abu Issa 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the determinants of household behavioural intention towards household reducing, reusing and recycling behaviour of food waste management.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from 670 households in Malaysia and analysed by using the partial least square method.

Findings
The findings reveal that motivation to participate, ability to participate and perceived benefits are the crucial factors that significantly influence households’ attitudes. Household attitude has a significant impact on household behavioural intention, whilst social influence and perceived behavioural control are not associated with it. Government support is positively related to perceived behavioural control. The result also indicates that household behavioural intention has a significant impact on household reducing, reusing and recycling behaviour.

Research limitations/implications
The participants of this study were involved in home planning and food preparation in Malaysia. The individuals in charge of the household might have more awareness of food planning and waste control. Thus, it is recommended to adopt findings from other countries and learn from the experience of the local and international communities.

Practical implications
The households’ behavioural intentions can lead to the reducing, reusing and recycling behaviour of food waste management. The government policy mechanisms and households’ awareness can work effectively against food waste reduction because evaluations of the food waste programme were found to be scarce.

Social implications
Food insecurity is one of the major social problems. Many people are not aware of the food waste impacts and consequences; thus, motivation, knowledge and information should be provided to the consumer through forums and campaigns.

Originality/value
The findings contribute to new insights of household behavioural intention towards food waste reduction management by assessing the determinants of household attitude and government support for food waste reduction management programmes towards household reducing, reusing and recycling behaviours.
Development of probiotic yogurt from almond and cow’s milk using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1
Authors: Burrowes Ruth , Hekmat Sharareh 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of almond milk supplementation on the growth and viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) in yogurt samples over 6 h of fermentation and 30 days of refrigerated storage.

Design/methodology/approach
Four yogurt treatments (T1–T4) were inoculated with the probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GR-1 and fermented for 6 h at 37°C and then placed in refrigerated storage at 4°C for 30 days. Microbial and pH analysis of each sample was conducted every 2  h throughout the fermentation period and on Days 1, 15 and 30 of cold storage to determine the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1.

Findings
All samples achieved mean microbial counts of at least 108 CFU/mL during fermentation and storage. During fermentation, mean microbial counts increased for all treatments; however, differences in mean microbial counts between treatments were not significant. During storage, the mean microbial count for T4 at 15 and 30  days was significantly higher (p = 0.031) than microbial counts on Day 1. However, mean microbial counts did not differ significantly across all storage time points for treatments 1, 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the addition of almond milk, in combination with cow’s milk, is suitable for propagating and preserving the viability of L. rhamnosus GR-1 in yogurt.

Originality/value
There is a consumer shift towards plant-based products due to health, environmental and ethical reasons. Almond milk is a popular nondairy alternative that provides enhanced nutritional value to traditionally dairy-based probiotic yogurts. L. rhamnosus GR-1 is an especially beneficial probiotic for women as it colonizes the gut and vaginal epithelium, promoting urogenital health, including preventing the recurrence of urinary tract infections and bacterial vaginosis.
Study on phase transformation behavior and mechanical properties of equiatomic ratio NiTi alloy formed by selective laser melting
Authors: Song Changhui , Huang Junfei , Liu Linqing , Hu Zehua , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Di , Yang Chao 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to better control the mechanical properties and functional properties of NiTi alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
NiTi alloy samples with equal atomic ratio were formed by selective laser melting (SLM). X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing methods were used to study the effects of different laser power and scanning speed on the densification behavior, phase transformation characteristics and mechanical properties of NiTi alloy.

Findings
Compared with the laser power, the variation of the keyhole effect caused by the change of scanning speed is more intense, which has a greater effect on the densification behavior of SLM NiTi alloy. The effect of the laser power on the phase transition temperature is small. The increase of scanning speed weakens the burning degree of Ni element, so phase transition temperature decreases. The results of DSC test and tensile test show that the scanning velocity can significantly change the phase transition temperature, martensite twins reorientation and stress–strain behavior of SLM NiTi alloy.

Originality/value
This study provides a potential method to regulate the mechanical properties and functional properties of NiTi shape memory alloy in the future and NiTi alloys formed by SLM with good elongation were obtained because the Supercellular crystal structure formed during the nonequilibrium solidification of SLM and the superfine precipitates dispersed in the alloy prevented the dislocation formation.
Do positive and negative shocks of institutional quality affect the ecological footprint in a developing economy?
Authors: Hussain Muzzammil , Mahmood Nasir 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
The discourse on the governance and environment nexus has been an important research agenda. However, the debate on the role of institutional quality (IQ) in environmental degradation is continuous. Unlike others, this study aims to examine the asymmetric effect of IQ on the ecological footprint (EF) from 1984 to 2019 in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
The nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag model is used to empirically investigate the linkage of IQ and EF.

Findings
Reported results revealed that positive shocks are negatively affecting EF and negative shocks are positively affecting EF. Findings suggest that a better IQ is substantially reducing EF, whereas energy consumption and economic growth are increasing EF.

Originality/value
This study is original and provided important information about the performance of institutions regarding the environmental concerns in Pakistan. Moreover, this study has robust policy implications.
The effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on analgesic effects and percutaneous absorption of naproxen sodium gel; an in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Rostamkalaei Seyyed Sohrab , Iman Maryam , Ataee Ramin , Bahari Zahra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe percutaneous bioavailability of naproxen is low and several technologies have been utilized to overcome the problem. Although, some studies have reported the permeation‐enhancing properties of natural essential oils, no research has reflected the effectiveness of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LAEO) on increasing the percutaneous absorption of naproxen sodium from a topical gel. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether LAEO increased the percutaneous absorption and the analgesic effects of naproxen sodium topical gel. In the present study, naproxen topical gel was formulated using carbopol 940 (a gelling agent) and several vehicles such as PEG 400, ethanol, and water and the properties of gels were measured. Percutaneous absorption‐enhancing properties of LAEO were measured too. Based on our data, the essential oil‐containing formulation of naproxen represented greater penetration into (222.19 ± 24.87 vs. 107.65 ± 6.38 μg/cm2), and also across (22.07 ± 4.42 vs. 13.14 ± 2.87 μg/cm2) skin layers compared to the naproxen gel. Additionally, a significant analgesic property was observed in the naproxen topical gel containing 0.5% essential oil during both first and late phases of formalin test, as well as the late phase of tail‐flick test. It could be concluded that LAEO significantly enhanced naproxen percutaneous absorption and also its analgesic effects.