bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación ecológica rápida de mamíferos grandes y medianos en el humedal Ramsar Abras de Mantequilla (Los Ríos, Ecuador)
Authors: Vera Evelyn , Salas Jaime A. 
Published: June 2023

Abras de Mantequilla es un humedal de importancia internacional Ramsar, el cual se encuentra sometido a varios tensores antropogénicos y es un espacio en donde los mamíferos grandes y medianos no han sido estudiados. Se realizó una evaluación rápida de este grupo en dos zonas con diferente grado de perturbación, entre los meses de marzo a diciembre de 2016. La información fue levantada mediante métodos directos e indirectos, así como por entrevistas no estructuradas. La diversidad alfa fue calculada mediante el índice de Shannon-Wiener, el esfuerzo de muestreo fue estimado con el análisis no paramétrico Chao 1 y la riqueza y abundancias relativas se representaron mediante curvas de rango-abundancia. Los valores de diversidad alfa fueron bajos y los sitios de estudio no mostraron diferencias en entre sí; las curvas presentaron una baja abundancia de mamíferos; la especie dominante fue Alouatta palliata, por lo que se asume que existen procesos de defaunación como efecto de las presiones antrópicas. A pesar de esto, persisten especies listadas en alguna categoría de amenaza, como Lontra longicaudis, Odocoileus peruvianus y la ya indicada A. palliata, las cuales, por su potencial como especies carismáticas, podrían ser consideradas objetivos de conservación.occidente de Ecuador
P2P Crowdfunding: An Alternative Source of Credit for Enhancing the Financial Inclusion of Small Holder Farmers
Authors: Handage Sushant , Chander Mahesh , Panda Pratikshya 
Published: June 2023

Background: Indian agriculture is considered as a major source of livelihood generation for more than 58 percent of rural households. Credit is a pivotal element both in agricultural production and marketing system. Presently, most of the marginal and small farmers solely depend on localized lending models viz., village money-lenders who lend money to farmers for short term. The ministry of agriculture estimates that to double farmers’ income, private investment in agriculture must increase to two-fold. P2P crowdfunding is gaining grip at a very fast pace and gradually becoming an attractive investment option for investors.
Methods: This paper attempts to explore different aspects of P2P crowdfunding and its scope as an alternate source of credit for the small and marginal farmers. Based on secondary data analysis (2014-2022) from a number of research papers, RBI notifications, blogs and newspaper articles.
Results: It is evident that the global peer to peer (P2P) lending market size was valued at $67.93 billion in 2019, and is projected to reach $558.91 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 29.7% from 2020 to 2027. This type of funding option has tremendous potential to magnify agriculture capital markets by allowing agricultural firms to build value more efficiently and involve more people directly in food production. The paper distinguishes the advantages of P2P lending over traditional credit system and private lending that are predominant in agriculture. However, P2P lending has its own limitations that is also discussed. Additionally, companies as well as investors need to analyse crowdfunding options carefully as per its economic feasibility and structure so that it will lead to mutually beneficial investment relationships.
Status of Coconut Farmer Producer Companies (CPCs) in Western Tamil Nadu
Authors: Deepa N. 
Published: June 2023

Coconut Producer Companies (CPC) are formed with the main objective of socio economic development of farmers by providing a fair, steady and reasonable income by organizing the unorganized coconut sector through farmer collectives. The specific objective of the study was to analyse the performance and to assess the problems faced by the CPCs in Western Tamil Nadu. For this study, the data was collected using Focus Group Discussion and personal interview. In India there are 67 registered CPCs, out of which 17 CPCs (25.4 percent) are from Tamil Nadu, in that nearly 15 percent are from Western Tamil Nadu. The study results showed that in Western Tamil Nadu majority (60 per cent) of the CPCs are financially supported by NABARD. All the CPCs are at the initial stage of its formation and having less than four years of its existence. Results also indicate that Majority of the CPCs are facing the problems of inadequate access to market, inadequate access to credit and weak financials at the initial stage. The study concluded that Unified Market License without payment of Mandi fees, convergence of resources for creation of farm level infrastructure i.e. specific schemes may be introduced for different activities like transportation, grading etc. and also the benefit of equity fund and credit Guarantee fund scheme of SFAC s may be extended to all forms of CPCs to overcome the weak financial access at the initial stage.
Therapeutic Activity of Phyto Ligands from Honey and Standard Drugs against Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a (5M19)
Authors: Enenche Anyebe David , Uzoeto Henrietta O. , Nelson Christian , Samuel Cosmas 
Published: June 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous of all of the many common staphylococcal bacteria. These gram-positive, sphere-shaped (coccal) bacteria often cause skin infections but can cause pneumonia, heart valve infections, and bone infections and may be resistant to treatment with some antibiotics. Phenols were the most abundant phytochemical compounds and accounted for 25.8% of the phytochemical composition of the honey. The presence of these phytochemicals implied that the honey could have therapeutic properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory activities. two out of the six tested compounds faulted the Lipinski rule of 5 which states that Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) < 5 Hydrogen –Bond Acceptor (HBA) < , 10 Molecular Weight < 500 < 500 Molecular weight, < 5 H-bond donors, <10 H-bond acceptors.< 10 number of rotatable bonds, and < 140 Å2 PSA value In this study. favourable overall docking score was observed in the range of -3.085 to -8.724. Chlorogenic acid had the best docked score (lowest binding energy)when compared to the synthetic inhibitors and other phytoligands. The binding manners and geometrical orientation of the studied phyto ligand from Honey and standard drugs against Staphylococcus aureus PBP2a (5M19). The results revealed that, Chlorogenic acid showed pivotal binding interactions with PBP2a, as it exhibited the best binding energy (-8.724 kcal/mol) compared with to standard drugs (Cefoxitin; -5.985 kcal/mol, Oxacillin; -5.222 kcal/mol and methiclin -3.08 kcal/mol) and other phytoligands (protocatechuic acid -4.473 kcal/mol and Hesperetin -4.191 kcal/mol) tested. Hence, Chlorogenic acid could be studied as promising lead candidates acting as allosteric effectors of PBP2a that might be subjecte d to further structural optimization to enhance their biological activity and hence been synthesized and tested to evaluate their actual biological activity.
Isolation of Antibacterial Compound from Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) against Enteropathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Mishra Sarvesh Kumar , Ash Krishna , Srivastava Shailendra Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) were analyzed for determination of antibacterial activity against enteric-pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Shizella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae using agar well diffusion method. Only acetone extract of all of them exhibited an inhibiting effect on the development of the tested strains. By using the disc diffusion method, the chosen pathogenic bacteria were examined for their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility. A comparison of antibiotics and acetone extract was performed. It was discovered that acetone extract found to be remarkable sensitivity against the test pathogens, total 37 fractions were obtained from the fractionization of acetone extract through column chromatography and found 4 major and 13minor compounds were obtained through Thin Layer Chromatography method. Antibacterial activity of different fractions was determined by spot assay technique. The fractions 1, 7, 13, and 21 demonstrated the greatest antibacterial activity when tested against the test pathogens out of all the fractions collected. Octadecanoic acid and methyl ester were found in the fraction number 13 according to the results of the Gas Chromatography Mass Specrometry. Stearic acid methyl ester obtained from the acetone extract of Ocimum sanctum has been recommended for human trials against various bacterial infections.
Influence of Cropping System and Nutrient Management Practices on the Yield, and Economics of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum]
Authors: Iraiyanban A. Ajay Arockia , Manuel R. Isaac , Joseph P. A. , Kumar P. Dinesh 
Published: June 2023

The Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of cropping systems and nutrient management practices on the yield, and economics of pearl millet in the School of Agricultural Science, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India). The experiments were laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors (Cropping system and Nutrient management) and three replications for two consecutive seasons in 2022-23. The study comprised three cropping system treatments namely C1 – Sole Pearl millet cropping, C2 - Pearl millet + Black gram intercropping (1:1), C3 – Pearl millet + Cowpea intercropping (1:1) along with four nutrient management treatments viz., N1 - 100% Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) @80:40:40 kg of N, P2O5, and K2O/ha., N2– 75% RDF + Azospirillum @2kg/ha and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @2kg/ha, N3 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of 2% urea @ 15 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT), N4 – 75% RDF + Soil application of Azospirillum (2kg/ha) and PSB (2kg/ha) + Foliar spray of Panchagavya3% @ 15 and 35 DAT. The results of the experiment revealed that the intercropping of black gram or cowpea in pearl millet proves to be beneficial and advantageous in terms of, grain yield and returns per rupee invested, rather than going for the sole cropping of pearl millet. On the other hand, reduced application of inorganic recommended dose of fertilizers by 25% with the inclusion of biofertilizers like Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, along with the foliar application of 2% urea or 3% Panchagavya will be an economically viable and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practice for improving the yield of pearl millet.
Evaluation of Changes in Temperature Extremes in Vamsadhara River Basin, Odisha, India
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Thomas T. , Chandola V. K. 
Published: June 2023

With an emphasis on extreme events, several climate change indices that were derived from daily temperature data were computed and studied. Odisha is a coastal state of India which is severely prone to extreme events. With climate change, extreme events are also increasing in the world especially in coastal regions. Vamsadhara river basin which is situated at Odisha is selected for the study. The objective of this study was to compute and analyze the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) extreme indices using CLIMPACT software. 14 temperature indices were used to analyze the signals of climate change in the study area. The IMD data for the period 1961-2022 has been used for the study. The trend detection of indices was done through Mann-Kendall test and magnitude of trend was calculated using Sen’s Slope estimator. The result showed that warm days (TX90), Diurnal temperature range (DTR) and Warm Spell Duration Index (WSDI) are increasing with 1%, 10% and 1% level of significance respectively. This indicates that indices associated with warming are increasing in river basin. The cold night (TX10) indices found to be decreasing with 10% level of significance and TNx showed a negative trend at 10% level of significance.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Stored Water in Some Residential Homes
Authors: Chibuike Okafor, Afam , Owhonka Aleruchi, , K Robinson, Victor , Chibunze Chinagorom, C. 
Published: June 2023

The right to water is a basic human right, but if the water is contaminated with microbes, it defeats the purpose of providing safe water and good health. Containers used to store water at home can be sources of microorganism. This study assesses the bacterial pollution of stored water in different homes and the antimicrobial pattern of the bacterial isolates. About 30 samples comprising of 15 storage water cans and 15 swabs from respective storage cans in 5 different homes were used in this study. Spread plate technique was used to enumerate the microbial distribution. Biochemical tests were also conducted to confirm the presence of microorganisms. The total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged between 1.4x106 to 1.55x107CFU/ml, total coliform count ranged between 0.00 ×103 to 2.0×105 CFU/ml, total fungal count ranged between 1.0×103 to 8.0×104 CFU/ml. The nine bacterial isolates from water samples belonged to Staphylococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Proteus sp, Bacillus sp, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter sp, and Shigella sp. The frequency occurrences of the isolates were 11.5%, 7.6%, 11.5%, 19.2%, 7.6%, 7.6%, 3.8%, 19.2% and 11.5% respectively. The 8 bacterial isolates from swab samples belonged to Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Shigella sp, Vibro sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Enterobacter sp and Aeromonas sp. The frequency occurrences of the isolates were 19.2%, 19.2%, 11.5%, 7.6%, 19.2%, 11.5%, 7.6% and 3.8% respectively. The presence of Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp, Enterobacter sp. and S. aureus in the water source have been known to cause diverse disease on human beings, such as skin infections, wound infections, urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections, therefore there is need for regular washing of water containers used for water storage. The antibiogram showed that ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin are the most effective antibiotics, thus, they are recommended for treatment of infections.
Soil Erosion in Northern Nigeria: Potential Impact and Possible Solution: A Review
Authors: Bizi Abdulrahman Bulama , Sidi Yusuf Dawa 
Published: June 2023

Aim: This research aims to discuss the environmental soil erosion problem in northern Nigeria: their potential impact and possible solution for sustainable agriculture and livelihood management
Methods: This research was carried out by reviewing the literature. The data were derived from; books, journals, internet and conference reports, and Google Scholar, and some university library catalog was used to search the literature. The search terms used are soil erosion, climate change, land degradation, Sahel, drylands, soil conservation, agroforestry, and sustainable land management.
Results: This paper reviewed environmental problems such as soil erosion which are generally considered as the most serious consequences and their impact will remain the main issues for the 21st century. Soil loss will however be prevented or decreased by appropriate crop management such as cover cropping, multiple cropping, and high-density planting. Cover crops have certainly influenced the properties of physical soil which include infiltration rate, moisture content, bulk density, increase organic matter content, the levels of Nitrogen (N) by use of Nitrate (N2) fixing legumes, exchange of cation capacity and crop yields.
Conclusion: The use of cover crops, multiple cropping, agroforestry, and conservation tillage are provided as some of the effective means of controlling soil erosion in the northern part of Nigeria. Therefore, the recommendation here is that the government extension services should incorporate farmers in the affected areas.
Metal Particle Composite Hardening in Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 Piezoceramics
Authors: Zheng Mupeng , Zhao Changhao , Yan Xiaodong , Khachaturyan Ruben , Zhuo Fangping , Hou Yudong , Koruza Jurij 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHard‐type piezoceramics are key materials in high‐power transducers and transformers. Acceptor doping is the most widely used piezoelectric hardening approach, but the mobility of oxygen vacancies at large electric fields or at high temperatures inevitably leads to the deterioration of hardening performance. The present study proposes a new hardening method associated with intragranular metal particles for achieving strong pinning of ferroelectric domain walls. Highly effective piezoelectric hardening via intragranular Ag particles in Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 ceramic is realized, where the mechanical quality factor Qm and the coercive field Ec increase by 170% and 53%, respectively. The Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3/0.10Ag sample features a larger high‐power mechanical quality factor than the pure Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3. Moreover, the piezoelectric properties (d31 and k31) of the Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3/0.10Ag sample show exceptional stability with the increase in vibration velocity. This composite approach of introducing metal particles can be considered as a generic hardening method and can be extended to other ferroelectric systems.
Practical Classification of Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions: Optimization Strategies and Mechanistic Analysis
Authors: Du Mingxuan , Li Deng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Yan Junqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the core reaction of fuel cell/metal–air battery at the cathode, and it is of great significance to develop high‐performance ORR catalyst. Generally speaking, ORR catalysts are classified according to the class of materials they use, which often makes it difficult for different types of catalysts to have a clear connection with some unified optimization mechanism and creates difficulties in designing improvement strategies. Here, this review proposes three major strategies that can affect the activity of ORR catalysts: designing morphology, defect control, and heteroatom doping. The core content of this review is to analyze the principles of various optimization strategies that affect the performance of catalysts individually or synergistically at the micro level. In addition, the problems and challenges still faced in the design of ORR catalysts are sorted out, and possible solutions are proposed. This review makes the research direction of ORR catalysts clearer, and provides theoretical support and new ideas for the design of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts.
Electronic and Vacancy Engineering of Mo–RuCoOx Nanoarrays for High‐Efficiency Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Lu Ruihu , Wang Cheng , Zhao Yan , Qi Limin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExploring efficient strategies to achieve novel high‐efficiency catalysts for water splitting is of great significance to develop hydrogen energy technology. Herein, unique molybdenum (Mo)‐doped ruthenium–cobalt oxide (Mo–RuCoOx) nanosheet arrays are prepared as a high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalyst toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through combining electronic and vacancy engineering. Theoretical calculations and experimental results reveal that the incorporation of Ru and Mo can effectively tune the electronic structure, and the controllable Mo dissolution coupling with the oxygen vacancy generation during surface reconstruction is able to optimize the adsorption energy of hydrogen/oxygen intermediates, thus greatly accelerating the kinetics for both HER and OER. As a result, the Mo–RuCoOx nanoarrays exhibit remarkably low overpotentials of 41 and 156 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER in 1 m KOH, respectively. Furthermore, the two‐electrode electrolyzer assembled by the Mo–RuCoOx nanoarrays requires a cell voltage as low as 1.457 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for alkaline overall water splitting. This work holds great promise to develop novel and highly active electrocatalysts for future energy conversion applications.
In Situ Electrical Network Activation and Deactivation in Short Carbon Fiber Composites via 3D Printing
Authors: Wright William Jordan , Celik Emrah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrior studies on carbon‐filler based, conductive polymer composites have mainly investigated how conductive filler morphology and concentration can tailor a material's electrical conductivity and overlooks the effects of filler alignment due to the difficulty to control and quickly quantify the filler alignment. Here, direct ink write 3D printing's unique ability is utilized to control carbon fiber alignment with a single process parameter, velocity ratio, to instantaneously activate or deactivate the electrical network in composites. Maximum electrical conductivity is achieved by randomly aligning carbon fibers that enhances the chance of direct fiber‐to‐fiber contact and, thus, activating the electrical network. However, aligning the fibers by increasing the velocity ratio disrupts the electrical network by minimizing fiber‐to‐fiber contact that resulted in a drastic decrease in electrical conductivity by as much as five orders of magnitude in both short and long carbon fiber composites. With this study, this study demonstrates that electrically conductive or insulative composites can be fabricated sequentially with a single ink. This novel ability to instantaneously control the electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced composites allow to directly embed conductive pathways into designs to 3D print multifunctional composites that are capable of localized heating and self‐sensing.
Large Annular Dipoles Bounded between Single‐Atom Co and Co Cluster for Clarifying Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Mechanism
Authors: Liu Hu , Li Xueqian , Zhao Xiaoying , Zhang Min , Liu Xinhua , Yang Shichun , Wu Hongjing , Ma Zhenhui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is very challenging to demonstrate the intrinsic feature and absorption mechanism for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber since dipole polarization loss is always discussed together with magnetic loss, conductive loss, defects/interfacial polarization, and so on. To address this issue, here, a kind of atomic composites is reported, including single‐atom Co and Co cluster with controllable atom dipole to tune the polarization and establish the link between dipole polarization and the EM wave absorption. Using a chemical synthesis route, the atomic composites are fabricated, including Co single‐atom (SA) sites and cluster (Cs) on nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon (Co1+Cs/NGC). Due to the special design, the effect of magnetic loss, conductive loss, and interfacial polarization on EM wave dissipation can be ignored so that it can only highlight dielectric loss caused by dipole polarization. And, by controlling the Co atoms concentration, it can tune the valence state of Co atoms between 0 to +2 to control dipole polarization and relaxation. As a result, the Co1+Cs/NGC‐2 with Co concentration of 6.0 wt% exhibits optimized dipole moments and thus excellent absorption performance (the reflection loss exceeds −54.3 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth with RL ≤−10 dB reaches 7.0 GHz at 2.0 mm) due to the effective dipole polarization caused by the large annular dipole bounded between Co SA sites and Co Cs. This study proposes a simplified model to clarify EM wave absorption mechanism from atom view.