bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient safety improvement in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) speciality: A scoping review of improvement initiatives and involvement of frontline staff
Authors: Onolememen Osedebamen , Armstrong Natalie , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The success of patient safety improvement initiatives depends on frontline staff engaging with improvement efforts. However, in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) speciality, there is less patient safety research compared to other healthcare specialities, and limited evidence on staff perspectives regarding safety improvement and the factors influencing their engagement.

Objectives
To map the literature on safety improvement efforts in the ENT speciality in UK settings, and to explore staff involvement and engagement with initiatives to improve patient safety in ENT.

Methods
A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases to retrieve studies reporting the implementation of patient safety initiatives in ENT departments in the UK, and studies exploring frontline staff perspectives on improving safety in ENT. The selected studies were peer-reviewed, written in English and published between 2013 and 2023. Data were extracted and synthesized in accordance with the predefined research questions.

Results
A total of 1661 studies were screened and 10 met the selection criteria. Findings demonstrated evidence of staff initiating, designing, and implementing safety improvement initiatives. Frontline staff engagement and senior staff/managerial involvement were identified as key contributors to successful implementation. Only one study addressed frontline staff priorities for safety improvement, in the context of improving tracheostomy, with the author stating that results indicated that frontline staff are unwilling to implement low priority interventions.

Conclusion
Further research is needed to explore the factors influencing staff perspectives on how patient safety can be improved in ENT and the factors influencing their engagement. This could lead to recommendations for the development of successful and sustainable initiatives. The authors of this review recommend establishing the following as standard practice: (i) appointing staff as quality/safety champions, and (ii) involving frontline staff and senior managers in co-developing improvement strategies.
An Arithmetic Characterization of Some Algebraic Functions and a New Proof of an Algebraicity Prediction by Golyshev
Authors: Bostan Alin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We provide a new arithmetic characterization for the sequence of coefficients of algebraic power series $f(t)$ having the property that the differential equation $y^{\prime}(t) = f(t) y(t)$ has algebraic solutions only. This extends a recent result by Delaygue and Rivoal, and also provides a new and shorter proof of an algebraicity result predicted by Golyshev.
Non-traditional Cartan Subalgebras in Twisted Groupoid C*-Algebras
Authors: Duwenig Anna , Williams Dana P , Zimmerman Joel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Well-known work of Renault shows that if $\mathcal{E}$ is a twist over a second countable, effective, étale groupoid $G$, then there is a naturally associated Cartan subalgebra of the reduced twisted groupoid $C^{*}$-algebra $C^{*}_{r}(G;\mathcal{E})$, and that every Cartan subalgebra of a separable $C^{*}$-algebra arises in this way. However, twisted $C^{*}$-algebras of non-effective groupoids $G$ can also possess Cartan subalgebras. In [ 15], sufficient conditions on a subgroupoid $S$ of $G$ were found that ensure that $S$ gives rise to a Cartan subalgebra in the cocycle-twisted $C^{*}$-algebra of $G$. In this paper, we extend these results to general twists $\mathcal{E}$, and we refine the conditions on the subgroupoid for $C^{*}_{r}(S;\mathcal{E}_{S})$ to be a Cartan subalgebra of $C^{*}_{r}(G;\mathcal{E})$.
Who Reviews Whom, Where, and Why? Evidence from the Peer Review Process of the OECD Development Assistance Committee
Authors: Iannantuoni Alice , Dietrich Simone , Reinsberg Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of international organizations’ (IOs) peer review systems has focused largely on their efficacy in disseminating best practices, with mixed results. This paper informs the debate from a new angle: We evaluate the extent to which decisions about who reviews whom and where result from bureaucratic guidelines, or whether these decisions are shaped by the particularistic interests of member states that would need to be considered in efficacy evaluations of peer reviews. Our empirical case is the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) which requires that DAC donors have their practices reviewed by two peer examiners every few years. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we study (i) the assignment of peer examiners (1962–2020) and (ii) the selection of recipient countries visited for in-depth assessment during the review (1994–2020). Our analyses show that the choice of peer examiners is driven by the IO’s bureaucratic process. The selection of recipient countries for field visits is also largely in line with Secretariat guidelines, with some room for the preferences of reviewed donors to play a role.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Valluri Amrita R , Carter Gloria J , Robrahn Inna , Berg Wendie A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are invasive carcinomas that lack ER and PR expression and also lack amplification or overexpression of HER2. Triple-negative breast cancers are histopathologically diverse, with the majority classified as invasive breast carcinomas of no special type with a basal-like profile. Triple-negative breast cancer is the most aggressive molecular subtype of invasive breast carcinoma, with the highest rates of stage-matched mortality and regional recurrence. Triple-negative breast cancer has a younger median age of diagnosis than other molecular subtypes and is disproportionately diagnosed in Black women and BRCA1 germline pathogenic mutation carriers. On US and mammography, TNBCs are most often seen as a noncircumscribed mass without calcifications; TNBCs can have circumscribed margins and mimic a cyst or have probably benign features that may result in delayed diagnosis. MRI is the most sensitive modality for detecting TNBC, with rim enhancement being a common feature, and MRI is also the most accurate imaging for assessing neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Understanding the radiologic and pathologic findings of TNBC can aid in diagnosis.
Temperature-driven development and reproduction in Cacopsylla citrisuga (Hemiptera: Psyllidae): insights from an age-stage, two-sex life table analysis
Authors: Zhao Hang , Han Yang , Fei Yong-Hong , Gan Hai-Feng , Liu Tian-Ao , Lei Cui-Yun , Li Yi-Jie , Song Ya-Qin , Wang Jin-Jun , Lou Bing-Hai , Jiang Hong-Bo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The citrus pest Cacopsylla citrisuga (Yang & Li), a vector for Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), exhibits distinct sensitivity to temperature variations. This study utilized an age-stage, 2-sex life table to evaluate the development and reproduction of C. citrisuga across 5 temperatures (17, 20, 25, 28, and 31 °C). The findings indicate that Cacopsylla citrisuga can complete its life cycle within the range of 17–28 °C, with optimal temperature at 20 °C, where the highest survival and fecundity rates in females were observed. An increase in temperature correlates with a decrease in developmental duration for all stages, with the shortest at 28 °C. The net reproductive rate (R0) peaked at 20 °C, while the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) increased with the increase of temperature. Conversely, the average generation time (T) decreased with the increase of temperature, underscoring the pivotal role of temperature in population dynamics. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were determined for each stage, furnishing crucial parameters for pest management strategies. This research highlights the importance of temperature in dictating the distribution and prevalence of C. citrisuga, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted control measures against this HLB vector.
Rethinking taxing rights
Authors: Schoueri Luís Eduardo , Lindenberg Schoueri Pedro Guilherme 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The debate around the allocation of taxing rights between developed and developing jurisdictions has been stuck in the same place for the past 100 years. Pillar 1 of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework has the merit of reopening this debate, but the compromise reached so far may turn out not to be acceptable to all stakeholders. This article reviews the consequences of failing to reach an agreement and underscores the relevance of pursuing a timely alternative under the novel prospect of an UN Framework Convention.
Declines in carbon and nitrogen release from decomposing litter under elevated CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Wu Siqi , Jiang Yanyu , Ai Ling , Wu Fuzhong , Wu Qiuxia , Zhang Xinying , Zhu Jingjing , Ni Xiangyin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been increasing dramatically due to human activities and land use changes, and the CO2 fertilization effect significantly increases global net primary productivity (NPP). However, whether the decomposition of surplus litter input on the soil surface is facilitated by elevated CO2 (eCO2) across a broad range of terrestrial ecosystems is not fully understood. We compiled 227, 85 and 131 paired observations (with and without eCO2) for litter mass loss, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) release, respectively, during litter decomposition to assess the fate of decomposing litter and C and N release under eCO2 across terrestrial ecosystems. Litter mass loss was decreased by 4.46%, and C and N release were significantly reduced by 6.70% and 3.36%, respectively, under eCO2. This eCO2 effect on litter mass loss was greater in forests (decreased by 7.22%) than in croplands and grasslands. In forests, eCO2 had a greater effect on the decomposition rate of broadleaved than coniferous litter, and root litter was more sensitive than leaf and stem litter. Changes in litter lignin concentration and edaphic factors under eCO2 contributed to these differences in litter decomposition. Greater decreases in litter mass loss and C and N release were found after longer time (6-12 months) than short-term (less than 6 months) CO2 enrichment. A possible consequence is that more litter accumulates on soil surface without being decomposed due to eCO2 in terrestrial ecosystems over longer time periods, resulting in a negative loop in biogeochemical cycles with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration.
Methods for Estimating the Exposure-Response Curve to Inform the New Safety Standards for Fine Particulate Matter
Authors: Cork Michael , Mork Daniel , Dominici Francesca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses significant health risks and accurately determining the shape of the relationship between PM2.5 and health outcomes has crucial policy implications. Although various statistical methods exist to estimate this exposure-response curve (ERC), few studies have compared their performance under plausible data-generating scenarios. This study compares seven commonly used ERC estimators across 72 exposure-response and confounding scenarios via simulation. Additionally, we apply these methods to estimate the ERC between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause mortality using data from over 68 million Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Our simulation indicates that regression methods not placed within a causal inference framework are unsuitable when anticipating heterogeneous exposure effects. Under the setting of a large sample size and unknown ERC functional form, we recommend utilizing causal inference methods that allow for nonlinear ERCs. In our data application, we observe a nonlinear relationship between annual average PM2.5 and all-cause mortality in the Medicare population, with a sharp increase in relative mortality at low PM2.5 concentrations. Our findings suggest that stricter limits on PM2.5 could avert numerous premature deaths. To facilitate the utilization of our results, we provide publicly available, reproducible code on Github for every step of the analysis.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Cryogenic EXLO Specimen Handling
Authors: Beggs Kyle W , Dougherty Thomas E , Kassab Alain J , Giannuzzi Lucille A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A conduction heat transfer analysis of ex situ lift-out specimen handling under cryogenic conditions (cryo-EXLO) is performed and compared with experimentally determined temperature values using a type K thermocouple. Using a finite-volume solver for heat conduction, the analysis confirms that manipulation of a specimen by a probe above a working surface cooled at liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperatures can remain below the critical vitreous temperature up to several hundreds of micrometers above the working surface, allowing for ample distance for lift out and specimen manipulation. In addition, the temperature above the cryogenic shuttle sample holder working surface remains below the vitreous temperature for several tens of minutes without adding cryogen, yielding sufficient time to complete multiple manipulations. Periodically topping off the cryogen level may allow for unlimited cryo-EXLO manipulations with this hardware and geometry.
Continuity of Mitochondrial Budding: Insights from BS-C-1 Cells by In Situ Cryo-electron Tomography
Authors: Hu Judy Z , Qiao Lijun , Zhao Xianhai , Liu Chang-Jun , Hu Guo-Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mitochondrial division is a fundamental biological process essensial for cellular functionality and vitality. The prevailing hypothesis that dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) provides principal control in mitochondrial division, in which it also involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the cytoskeleton, does not account for all the observations. Therefore. the hypothesis may be incomplete. Our previous study in HeLa cells led to a new hypothesis of mitochondrial division by budding. To follow-up our previous study, we employed in situ cryo-electron tomography to visualize mitochondrial budding in the intact healthy monkey kidney cells (BS-C-1 cells). Our findings reaffirm single and multiple mitochondrial budding, consistent with our observations in HeLa cells. Notably, the budding regions vary significantly in diameter and length, which may represent different stages of budding. More interestingly, neither rings nor ring-like structures, nor the wrapping of ER tubes was observed in the budding regions, suggesting mitochondrial budding is independent from Drp1 and ER. Meanwhile, we uncovered direct interactions between mitochondria and large vesicles that are distinct from small mitochondrial-derived vesicles and extracellular mitovesicles. We propose that these interacting vesicles may have mitochondrial origins.
Estimation of Dislocation Densities With Nondestructive Scanning Electron Microscope Techniques: Application to Gallium Nitride
Authors: Mandal Arka , Beausir Benoît , Guyon Julien , Taupin Vincent , Guitton Antoine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Characterizing threading dislocations (TDs) in gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors is crucial for ensuring the reliability of semiconductor devices. The current research addresses this issue by combining two techniques using a scanning electron microscope, namely electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) and high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction (HR-EBSD). It is a comparative study of these techniques to underscore how they perform in the evaluation of TD densities in GaN epitaxial layers. Experiments reveal that the dislocation line vectors mostly deviate from the growth direction of the film, i.e., ∦ [0001], followed by edge-type dislocations (dislocation lines || [0001]) with insignificant screw character. Furthermore, TDs from the dislocation clusters are characterized as edge- and (edge + mixed)-type TDs. By combining ECCI counting of dislocations and HR-EBSD description of geometrically necessary dislocation density type, it is possible to measure the total TD density and provide the proportion of pure (edge and screw) and mixed TDs. It has also been observed from the analyses of residual elastic strain fields and lattice rotations that it is not possible to identify individual dislocations for the spatial resolution of 50 nm in HR-EBSD. Nevertheless, ECCI and HR-EBSD can be complementarily used to count and characterize the TDs.
Quantifying the impact of the Si/O interface in CCSN explosions using the Force Explosion Condition
Authors: Boccioli Luca , Gogilashvili Mariam , Murphy Jeremiah , O’Connor Evan P 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The explosion mechanism of a core-collapse supernova (SN) is a complex interplay between neutrino heating and cooling (including the effects of neutrino-driven convection), the gravitational potential, and the ram pressure of the infalling material. To analyse the post-bounce phase of an SN, one can use the generalized force explosion condition (FEC+), which succinctly formalizes the interplay among these four phenomena in an analytical condition, consistent with realistic simulations. In this paper, we use the FEC+ to study the post-bounce phase of 341 spherically symmetric simulations, where convection is included through a time-dependent mixing-length approach. We find that the accretion of the Si/O interface through the expanding shock can significantly change the outcome of the SN by driving the FEC+ above the explosion threshold. We systematically explore this by (i) artificially smoothing the pre-SN density profile, and (ii) artificially varying the mixing length. In both cases, we find that large-enough density contrasts at the Si/O interface lead to successful shock revival only if the FEC+ is already close to the explosion threshold. Furthermore, we find that the accretion of the Si/O interface has a substantial effect on the critical condition for SN explosions, contributing between 5 and 15 per cent, depending on how pronounced the density contrast at the interface is. Earlier studies showed that convection affects the critical condition by 25–30 per cent, which demonstrates that the accretion of the Si/O interface through the shock can play a nearly comparable role in influencing shock dynamics.
The formation of mini-AGN discs around IMBHs and their dynamical implications
Authors: Rozner Mor , Trani Alessandro A , Samsing Johan , Perets Hagai B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
This study explores the formation and implications of mini-active galactic nucleus (mAGN) discs around intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) embedded in gas-rich globular/nuclear clusters (GCs). We examine the parameter space for stable mAGN discs, considering the influence of IMBH mass, disc radius, and gas density on disc stability. The dynamics of stars and black holes within the mAGN disc are modelled, with a focus on gas-induced migration and gas dynamical friction. These dynamical processes can lead to several potentially observable phenomena, including the enhancement of gravitational wave mergers (particularly intermediate-mass ratio inspirals and extreme-mass ratio inspirals), and the occurrence of milli/centi-tidal disruption events with unique observational signatures. We find that gas hardening can significantly accelerate the inspiral of binaries within the disc, potentially leading to a frequency shift in the emitted gravitational waves. Additionally, we explore the possibility of forming accreting IMBH systems from captured binaries within the mAGN disc, potentially resulting in the formation of ultraluminous X-ray sources. The observational implications of such accreting systems, including X-ray emission, optical signatures, and transient phenomena, are discussed. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of large-scale jets emanating from gas-embedded IMBHs in GCs. While several caveats and uncertainties exist, our work highlights the potential for mAGN discs to provide unique insights into IMBH demographics, accretion physics, and the dynamics of GCs.
Seizure risk factors and management approaches in patients with brain metastases
Authors: Vaios Eugene J , Maingi Spencer , Batich Kristen , Winter Sebastian F , Dietrich Jorg , Mullikin Trey , Floyd Scott R , Kirkpatrick John P , Reitman Zachary J , Peters Katherine B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with brain metastases experience a seizure event during their disease course, which can impact morbidity and long-term outcomes. A host of factors elevate the risk for seizures in patients with brain metastases, including patient factors, metabolic imbalances, tumor burden, and treatment modality. While reducing tumor burden via local and systemic therapies remains a critical component to mitigating seizure events, select patients may remain at risk. The use of prophylactic anti-seizure medications may be warranted in a subset of patients, though several clinical trials and guidelines from medical societies currently recommend against prophylactic use. Variability in the use of prophylactic anti-seizure medications in clinical practice underscores the need to update our current understanding of seizure risk in the era of multi-modality treatment and to identify opportunities to improve risk stratification and management. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature review summarizing the current standard for seizure management in patients with brain metastases and assess the impact of multi-modal therapies on seizure risk. We additionally highlight gaps in the literature and present opportunities for future investigation.
Impact of Policy Changes Expanding Access to Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis C Virus–Related Hospitalizations in People With HIV: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Ledlie Shaleesa , Wang Tianru , Tadrous Mina , Gomes Tara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV)–related hospitalizations is substantial, particularly among people with HIV and HCV. In Ontario, Canada, use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) increased following policies removing fibrosis-stage restrictions and approving of pangenotypic agents in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We examined the impact of expanded DAA access on HCV-related hospitalizations in people with HIV.

Methods
We conducted a population-based study using administrative databases between April 2003 and December 2022. We used segmented negative binomial regression to examine changes in level and trend of quarterly HCV-related hospitalization rates in people with HIV following the policy changes and compared predicted rates in the absence of expanded DAA access with observed rates during this period.

Results
We identified 2943 HCV-related hospitalizations among people with HIV during our study period. Rates of HCV-related hospitalizations were substantially higher among people with HIV than individuals without HIV. In the postintervention period, there was an immediate level increase in the rate of HCV-related hospitalizations (rate ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.18–1.29), followed by a decrease in trend (rate ratio, 0.94 per quarter; 95% CI, .93–.94). We estimated that expanding DAA access was associated with 192 fewer hospitalizations in people with HIV between 2019 and 2022.

Conclusions
Policies expanding DAA access have reduced HCV-related hospitalizations in people with HIV. However, rates were higher relative to those in people without HIV. Further research is needed to identify and address disparities in clinical outcomes among people with HIV and HCV.