bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction: the genetic requirements for the recognition of self resemble the requirements for the recognition of antigen in association with self.
Authors: Yamashita U , Shevach E M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have used cells from inbred strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs in order to define further the role of Ia antigens in the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). The guinea pig syngeneic MLR resembled the autologous MLR in man in that it demonstrated both memory and specificity. The Ia antigens appeared to be the proliferative stimuli in that the primary stimulator cell was an Ia-positive adherent peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) and the reaction could be specifically inhibited by anti-Ia sera directed to the stimulator cell. We also demonstrated the existence of two (2 x 13)F1 T cell populations that were capable of reacting to one or the other parental PEC in the absence of any known exogenous antigen. These results suggest that the syngeneic MLR may represent T cell activation mediated through a receptor for self Ia.
Peanut agglutinin. V. Thymocyte subpopulations in the mouse studied with peanut agglutinin and Ly-6.2 antiserum.
Authors: London J , Horton M A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymocyte heterogeneity has been studied by the use of two cell surface markers--the Ly-6.2 alloantigen and peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptor. The previously described distribution of Ly-6 on corticoresistant and PNA binding to corticosensitive thymocytes has been confirmed. Double immunofluorescence labeling experiments in combination with techniques of physical enrichment for "mature" thymocytes have resulted in the identification of a novel subset of T cells carrying both the Ly-6 antigen and PNA receptors. Purification by fluorescence cell sorting of corticosteroid-treated thymocytes, labeled with monoclonal anti-Ly-2.2 antiserum, for phenotypically mature Ly-1+23-lymphocytes causes a concomitant enrichment in the proportion of Ly-6-positive cells, which lack the PNA receptor. The implications of these findings for the maturational pathways within the thymus are discussed.
The origins of alloreactivity: differentiation of prekiller cells to viral infection results in alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Finberg R , Cantor H , Benacerraf B , Burakoff S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice maintained in our animal colony become primed to Sendai virus. This "environmental" priming is reflected in a shift in prekiller activity from the Ly 123 to Ly 23 T cell set and in increased virus-specific cytolytic activity. This transition is accompanied by the development of cytolytic activity against allogeneic targets (not expressing Sendai antigens). These findings are consistent with the view that continued stimulation of Ly 123 cells by autologous MHC antigens, associated with foreign antigens such as a virus, generate Ly 23 prekiller cells that respond to alloantigens as well as autologous cells infected with the relevant virus.
Functional effects of thymopoietin32-36 (TP5) on cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor units (CLP-U). I. Enhancement of splenic CLP-U in vitro and in vivo after suboptimal antigenic stimulation.
Authors: Lau C Y , Goldstein G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocyte precursor units (CLP-U) were enumerated in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice 3 days after i.p. injections of synthetic thymopoietin32-36 (TP5). One hundred to 1000 ng TP5/mouse potentiated splenic CLP-U, this effect being detectable only after suboptimal allogeneic sensitization (with 1.2 x 10(5) mitomycin-C treated DBA cells). This elevation of CLP-U persisted in the injected mice for at least 14 days. Control peptide did not affect CLP-U. In vitro incubation of 0.01 to 0.1 ng/ml of TP5 with normal C57BL/6 spleen cells also enhanced CLP-U after suboptimal allogeneic stimulation; high concentrations of TP5 caused suppression of CLP-U and this was detectable with optimal sensitization conditions. Thus TP5, in vitro and in vivo, appears to regulate immune responsiveness and this regulation varies with TP5 dosage and with the immune stimulus.
Preferential H-2 association in cytotoxic T cell responses to SV40 tumor-associated specific antigens.
Authors: Pfizenmaier K , Pan S H , Knowles B B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the SV40 tumor-associated specific antigen (TASA) has been analyzed in H-2 recombinant mice of the H-2b,d,f,k,q,and s haplotypes, in F1 hybrid mice (of each combination of these six independent haplotypes), and in intra-H-2 recombinant mice. A gradation of responsiveness to SV40 TASA in association with the various H-2 K/D alleles is reported. A weak response is found in association with the H-2 Dd allele, which is strongly affected by the responder status in association with the other H-2 K/D region determinants of the immunized host. Analysis of CTL from F1 mice, after secondary in vitro restimulation with SV40-transformed cells from either parental strain, indicates that in vivo priming to SV40 TASA in association with each K/D associative allele does occur, although efficient CTL are found only in association with specific H-2 K/D determinants after primary immunization. Mechanisms to explain host control of the ability to generate effector T cells to the TASA of this oncogenic virus are discussed.
Antibody potential of human peripheral blood lymphocytes differentially expressing surface membrane IgM.
Authors: Thiele C J , Stevens R H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The appearance of circulating pokeweed mitogen-reactive B lymphocyte subpopulations responsible for the synthesis of IgM and IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody after in vivo booster immunization has been analyzed for differential expression of surface membrane IgM. B cells were rosetted with human mu-chain specific antiglobulin-coupled ox red blood cells and separated by density centrifugation into mu+ and mu- populations. After 8 days in vitro culture with irradiated T cells and pokeweed mitogen, antibody synthesis was assessed by quantitative radioimmunoassay. Mu+ cells synthesized both IgG and IgM anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies, whereas mu- cells predominantly synthesized IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies. Limiting dilution analysis revealed a greater number of IgG anti-tetanus toxoid precursors in the mu+ population at all times after immunization compared with mu- cells. However, the activity, as measured by the amount of antibody produced per IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody precursor, was 2 to 4 times greater in the mu- population than that in the mu+ population. These results indicate that functionally distinct human circulating B lymphocytes can be identified by their differential expression of surface membrane IgM.
Distinction between C8-mediated and C8/C9-mediated hemolysis on the basis of independent 86Rb and hemoglobin release.
Authors: Gee A P , Boyle M D , Borsos T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The intermediate product EAC1-7 released hemoglobin when incubated with high concentrations of GPC8 in the absence of C9. The reaction failed to reach an end point within 8 hr at 37 degrees C, and analysis of the kinetics indicated that it did not conform to the one-hit theory of immune hemolysis, and was not, therefore, the result of C9 contamination of the C8 preparation. The release of 86Rb from labeled EAC1-7 incubated at 30 degrees C with limiting C8 and excess C9 was paralleled, within 5 to 10 min, by release of hemoglobin. In the absence of C9 and with higher concentrations of C8, 86Rb was released rapidly, but hemoglobin release was delayed for several hours. Addition of excess C9 to concentrations of C8, which did not alone cause 86Rb release, resulted in substantial release of the isotope. These observations indicate that C9 acts by producing a distinct lesion in the cell membrane rather than by accelerating the release of hemoglobin from the C8-initiated 86Rb-releasing lesions. It is concluded that 86Rb release cannot be used as a reliable indicator of cell lysis and that C8- and C8/C9-mediated hemolysis are the result of mechanistically different processes.
Identification of Ia on a subpopulation of human T lymphocytes that stimulate in a mixed lymphocyte reaction.
Authors: Schuurman R K , Gelfand E W , Matheson D , Zimmerman B , Dosch H M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The delineation of discrete subpopulations of human T lymphocytes has permitted preliminary analyses of the complex cellular network regulating the immune response in man. We previously showed that a subset of T lymphocytes, designated as theophylline-sensitive because of their inability to bind sheep red blood cells in the presence of the drug, are responsible for antigen-specific suppression or regulation in an in vitro plaque-forming cell assay. We now show that 25 to 45% of these theophylline-sensitive T cells were Ia-positive by immunofluorescence with a rabbit antiserum raised against purified B lymphoblast surface antigenic material. These data suggested that 4 to 7% of peripheral blood T cells carry Ia determinants. The presence of Ia determinants on this T cell subset was confirmed by gel analysis of radioiodinated surface material. Furthermore, in mixed lymphocyte culture, the theophylline-sensitive cells demonstrated HLA-D determinants and were 10-fold more potent stimulators than equal numbers of B lymphocytes. The presence of Ia determinants on these T cells indicates the expression of major histocompatibility complex-related regulatory gene products on a specific human T lymphocyte subpopulation.
Biochemical characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. II. Purification of a class of rat and human lymphokines.
Authors: Gillis S , Smith K A , Watson J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat spleen cells activated in vitro by concanavalin A produce lymphokine molecules that possess biologic activity in a number of murine lymphocyte response assays. A single class of lymphokine most adequately described as T cell growth factor (TCGF, Interleukin-2) with a m.w. of 15,000 as estimated from gel filtration studies and with an isoelectric range of 5.4 to 5.6 stimulates i) the growth of established T cell lines in culture, ii) the proliferation of thymocytes in the presence of Con A under culture conditions where Con A alone is non-mitogenic, iii) the induction of antibody responses to heterologous erythrocyte antigens in athymic (nude) mouse spleen cell cultures, and iv) the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in thymocyte cultures and in nude mouse spleen cell cultures. We suggest that in each of the assay systems tested, this class of rat lymphokine acts directly on activated T cells. Nonactivated T cells must be stimulated by either mitogen or antigen before becoming responsive to lymphokine, but do not require antigen or mitogen for continued lymphokine-dependent proliferation. Similarly, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) produce a class of lymphokines of identical size with an isoelectric point of 6.0 to 6.5 that possess the same biologic properties as measured in murine lymphocyte response systems.
Idiotype-specific tolerance: preferential alteration of idiotype expression after neonatal exposure to tolerogen.
Authors: McKearn J P , Quintáns J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of HOPC-8 idiotype-positive and HOPC-8 idiotype-negative B cell subpopulations involved in the immune response to a single PC antigen, has been monitored during normal differentiation and in situations where neonatal tolerance had been induced. It was found that H8 id+ and H8 id- anti-PC antibody-secreting cells appeared at approximately the same time in ontogeny and these late maturing subsets constituted equal fractions of the immune response in CBA/CaJ X BALB/c F1 (JBF1) mice. However, when JBF1 mice were injected at birth with graded doses of PC-FGG, responses obtained in 4-week-old mice were predominantly of the H8 id. This PC-specific, idiotype-restricted, unresponsive state was stable upon adoptive transfer. Specific depletion of Thy-1.2-positive cells and in vitro "mixing" experiments involving combined ratios of tolerant and nontolerant spleen cells suggest that the unresponsive state measured 4 weeks after tolerogen administration does not involve suppressor cells. It would appear that intrinsic differences between these idiotypically defined B cell subsets account for the observed differential susceptibility to tolerance induction among PC-responsive B cells.
BCG-induced enhancement of endotoxin sensitivity in C3H/HeJ mice. I. In vivo studies.
Authors: Vogel S N , Moore R N , Sipe J D , Rosenstreich D L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C3H/HeJ mice exhibit a marked insensitivity to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. Pretreatment of these mice with viable BCG organisms 11 days before LPS administration renders them sensitive to the lethal effects of a highly purified, phenol-extracted LPS. Other in vivo responses to LPS are increased in BCG-infected C3H/HeJ mice in parallel with enhanced lethality. These include 1) the elevation of serum interferon, 2) the production of the acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A (SAA), and 3) hypoglycemia. However, BCG infection has only a minimal effect on anti-LPS antibody production. BCG-infected C3H/HeJ mice approach the LPS sensitivity of normal C3H/HeN mice, but the enhanced LPS sensitivity is transient and decreases over a 2-month period. The ability of BCG to induce LPS sensitivity in C3H/HeJ mice demonstrates that LPS unresponsiveness is not due to an absolute defect in this strain, but rather, a partially reversible state of hyporesponsiveness. In addition, these findings, in conjunction with other observations, suggest that the enhancement of LPS sensitivity induced by BCG infection is mediated primarily through an effect on T cells and/or macrophages rather than B lymphocytes.
The fundamental T cell proliferative repertoire in a nonresponder strain and its qualitative alteration by suppression.
Authors: Yowell R L , Araneo B A , Sercarz E E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
B10 mice, although genetically nonresponsive to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) after i.p. immunization due to suppressor T cells, make a vigorous helper and proliferative T cell response in the draining popliteal lymph nodes (P-LN) soon after footpad immunization with HEL. The fundamental specificity repertoire in B10 P-LN analyzed with cross-reactive lysozymes, was then compared with that found after the delayed appearance of suppression, in the PETLES. In contrast with B10.A mice, whose T cell specificity pattern was unchanged with time, or anatomical site, the onset of HEL-induced suppression in B10 mice led to a marked heteroreactive shift in specificity pattern. This shift did not occur after immunization with REL (ring-necked pheasant lysozyme), which fails to induce suppression.
Immunomodulation by Corynebacterium parvum in normal humans.
Authors: Hokland P , Ellegaard J , Heron I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four normal human donors were immunized with 2 mg of heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum by subcutaneous and intracutaneous injections, and lymphocyte surface markers, antibody-dependent (ADCC), and spontaneous cell-mediated (SCMC) cytotoxicities followed for a 28-day period. Although no changes were observed in the relative proportions of B, T, and Fc receptor-carrying lymphocytes, two T cell subpopulations, namely, the autologous rosette-forming cells and active rosette-forming cells, both exhibited significant increases. Significant increases were also demonstrated in the proportion of monocytes carrying Fc receptors and in the proportion of monocytes phagocytizing Latex beads. Although no consistent changes could be found in ADCC against the P 815 mastocytoma cell line, the SCMC against both the myeloid leukaemia line K 562 and the lymphoma line RAJI was found to be elevated as early as 6 hr post-vaccination. The possibility that the enhanced SCMC activity was induced in vivo by interferon was supported thus: 1) Enhancement of SCMC in vitro by interferon was abrogated by the vaccination. 2) Serum interferon determinations showed significant increases in parallel with the lack of in vitro SCMC enhancement.
Endogenous pyrogens made by rabbit peritoneal exudate cells are identical with lymphocyte-activating factors made by rabbit alveolar macrophages.
Authors: Murphy P A , Simon P L , Willoughby W F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified endogenous pyrogen (EP), isolated in one laboratory from stimulated rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), was compared with purified lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), isolated in another laboratory from stimulated rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM). Both EP and LAF occurred in two forms, one with an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.3 to 7.4, the other with a pI of 4.6 to 4.7. Both forms of EP and LAF had m.w. of 13,000 to 16,000 daltons as judged by gel filtration. Both forms of EP had LAF activity, and both forms of LAF were pyrogenic. The pI 7.3 EP, which is known to have an -SH group essential for its biologic activity, bound to Thiol Sepharose columns and could be eluted with mercaptoethanol. The pI 7.3 LAF behaved in exactly the same way. Furthermore, antisera from three different goats were available that completely blocked the pyrogenicity of pI 7.3 EP in vivo; these sera also blocked the pI 7.3 LAF activity in vitro. The pI 4.6 EP and LAF did not bind to Thiol Sepharose columns, nor were they inhibited by any of the antisera that blocked the pI 7.3 EP and LAF. Moreover, isoelectric focusing of pI 4.6 EP in very shallow gradients revealed microheterogeneity with sharp peaks of EP activity observed at pH 4.6 and 4.7. Analysis for LAF activity showed an identical microheterogeneity. These results are consistent with the idea that EP and LAF are identical.
Lack of gene complementation prevents expression of I-Ek in recombinant A.TFR5.
Authors: Lafuse W P , McCormick J F , David C S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The I-E molecule is produced by complementation of genes in I-A (Ae) and I-E (E alpha). Ia specificities 22 and 23 are generated by the hybrid molecule, whereas Ia.7 is an allotypic determinant presumably on the alpha-chain of the I-E molecule. Recombinant A.TFR5 (AfEk) lacks detectable I-E molecule since Af and Ek cannot complement. In a cross between A.TFR5 and B10.A(4R) (AkEb), Aek and E alpha k can successfully complement to express the I-Ek molecule on the cell surface of the heterozygote. Haplotypes H-2b and H-2s can also provide the permissive Abe and Ase molecules for complementation with Ek alpha of A.TFR5.
Fine specificity and idiotypes of early antibodies against (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP).
Authors: Karjalainen K , Bång B , Mäkelä O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that antibodies of the primary response (days 14 to 30) to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) of C57BL, LP, and 101 mice share idiotype NPb and are heteroclitic (the affinity for certain chemical analogues of NP is higher than the affinity for NP), whereas BALB/c antibodies share idiotype NPa and are homoclitic. Both idiotypes are inherited as allotype-linked traits and have the lambda-chain as the predominant light chain. This study was extended to earlier anti-NP antibodies (7 days) of eight mouse strains (42 individuals) and to anti-NP hybridoma proteins originating from day 6 spleen cells. Only one of the early 42 antisera was found to be homoclitic, and no genetic polymorphism was detectable in fine specificity. In contrast, idiotypes NPa and NPb still followed the genetic rules that had been established earlier. lambda-Chain-bearing BALB/c hybridoma proteins from day 6 of the primary response were more heteroclitic than kappa-chain bearing ones (Krel greater than 20), but two out of three kappa proteins were also heteroclitic (Krel approximately 2). Our results caution against the use of the heteroclitic fine specificity as a typing method. In contrast, they reinforce the value of anti-idiotypic antibodies for this purpose.
Antigen-antibody complexes generate Lyt 1 inducers of suppressor cells.
Authors: Rao V S , Bennett J A , Shen F W , Gershon R K , Mitchell M S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of H-2b mice with KCl-extracts of an H-2d tumor (L1210) together with L1210 antibody rendered the mice incapable of mounting an effective immune response to viable L1210 tumor cells. This specific immunosuppression was associated with inhibition of macrophage functions, which could be used to quantitate the level of suppression. Lyt 1 cells (but not Lyt 2 cells) from either the spleen or thymus of mice pretreated with antigen-antibody complexes could adoptively transfer the suppressed state to normal mice. The Lyt 1 cells that transferred the suppression were resistant to low (20 mg/kg) doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) but required a Cy-sensitive precursor and/or amplifier cell to be activated. Once activated, they required a Cy-sensitive Lyt 1 2 3 acceptor cell in the normal recipient to effectively suppress the adoptive host's macrophages. Our results indicative that immune complexes in concert with a Cy-sensitive T cell generate Cy-resistant Lyt 1 inducers of suppression. These in turn activate normal thymic or peripheral Lyt 1 2 3 acceptor cells, resulting in the generation of effector suppressor T cells. These suppressor cells are most likely the proximate cause of the inhibition of macrophages we have observed in vivo.
Partial N-terminal amino acid sequences of guinea pig classic histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: Schwartz B D , McMillan M , Shevach E , Hahn Y , Rose S M , Hood L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Partial N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined by microsequencing for three of the guinea pig GPLA-B classic histocompatibility antigens, which are presumably allelic products. The sequences of GPLA-B.1 derived from the noncongenic inbred strain 2 and strain 13 animals showed no differences a their N-termini, suggesting that these molecules are chemically as well as serologically identical. Two residues, isoleucine and leucine, were found at position 5 of the sequence of GPLA-B.1, suggesting that GPLA-S, the product of the second classic histocompatibility locus, was being cosequenced. GPLA-B.2 and GPLA-B.3 antigens showed distinct sequence differences from GPLA-B.1 and from each other. The sequences of GPLA-B.3 derived from a random-bred guinea pig and from the inbred DHCBA strain showed no differences and showed a possible species specific residue. All sequences showed significant homology with histocompatibility antigens of other species, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.
Identification of the immunosuppressive components of canine pulmonary surface active material.
Authors: Ansfield M J , Benson B J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary surface active material (SAM), purified from canine lung lavage fluids, is a phospholipid-rich lipoprotein with potent immunosuppressive activity. Experiments were performed to identify those components of SAM that were responsible for this immunosuppressive effect. Results indicated that the lipid, and not the protein, fraction of SAM was immunosuppressive. Two phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine, were identified as the predominant immunosuppressive components of the SAM-lipid fraction. lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation was suppressed by intact SAM, SAM-lipid, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylcholine. Each of these preparations inhibited RNA, protein and DNA synthesis by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Antioxidants consistently failed to diminish the immunosuppressive properties of SAM or its lipid components. The mechanism of this immunosuppressive action of SAM and its phospholipid components remains undefined. Our data indicate, however, that it is unlikely to be due either to cytotoxicity or to an artifact of lipid oxidation in vitro.