bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3′sialyllactose and 6′sialyllactose enhance performance in endurance‐type exercise through metabolic adaptation
Authors: Arellano Spadaro Jesus , Hishida Yukihiro , Matsunaga Yukihisa , van Es‐Remers Monique , Korthout Henrie , Kim Hye Kyong , Poppelaars Eefje , Keizer Hiskias , Iliopoulou Eva , van Duijn Bert , Wildwater Marjolein , van Rijnberk Lotte 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) belong to a group of multifunctional glycans that are abundantly present in human breast milk. While health effects of neutral oligosaccharides have been investigated extensively, a lot remains unknown regarding health effects of acidic oligosaccharides, such as the two sialyllactoses (SLs), 3′sialyllactose (3′SL), and 6′sialyllactose (6′SL). We utilized Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to investigate the effects of SLs on exercise performance. Using swimming as an endurance‐type exercise, we found that SLs decrease exhaustion, signifying an increase in endurance that is strongest for 6′SL. Through an unbiased metabolomics approach, we identified changes in energy metabolism that correlated with endurance performance. Further investigation suggested that these metabolic changes were related to adaptations of muscle mitochondria that facilitated a shift from beta oxidation to glycogenolysis during exercise. We found that the effect of SLs on endurance performance required AMPK‐ (aak‐1/aak‐2) and adenosine receptor (ador‐1) signaling. We propose a model where SLs alter the metabolic status in the gut, causing a signal from the intestine to the nervous system toward muscle cells, where metabolic adaptation increases exercise performance. Together, our results underline the potential of SLs in exercise‐associated health and contribute to our understanding of the molecular processes involved in nutritionally‐induced health benefits.
Sustained Agricultural Spraying: From Leaf Wettability to Dynamic Droplet Impact Behavior
Authors: Wang Bo , Wang Jie , Yu Cunlong , Luo Siqi , Peng Jia , Li Ning , Wang Tengda , Jiang Lei , Dong Zhichao , Wang Yilin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCrop production and quality safety system have the potential to nurture human health and improve environmental sustainability. Providing a growing global population with sufficient and healthy food is an immediate challenge. However, this system largely depends on the spraying of agrochemicals. Crop leaves are covered with different microstructures, exhibiting distinct hydrophilic, hydrophobic, or even superhydrophobic wetting characteristics, thus leading to various deposition difficulties of sprayed droplets. Here, the relationship between wettability and surface microstructure in different crop leaves from biological and interfacial structural perspectives is systematically demonstrated. A relational model is proposed in which complex microstructures lead to stronger leaf hydrophobicity. And adding surfactant with a faster dynamically migrating velocity and reducing droplet size can improve agrochemical precise deposition. These contribute toward highly accurate and efficient targeted applications with fewer agrochemicals use and promote sustainable models of eco‐friendly agriculture systems.
An interoperable implementation of collective‐variable based enhanced sampling methods in extended phase space within the OpenMM package
Authors: Bajpai Shitanshu , Petkov Brian K. , Tong Muchen , Abreu Charlles R. A. , Nair Nisanth N. , Tuckerman Mark E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollective variable (CV)‐based enhanced sampling techniques are widely used today for accelerating barrier‐crossing events in molecular simulations. A class of these methods, which includes temperature accelerated molecular dynamics (TAMD)/driven‐adiabatic free energy dynamics (d‐AFED), unified free energy dynamics (UFED), and temperature accelerated sliced sampling (TASS), uses an extended variable formalism to achieve quick exploration of conformational space. These techniques are powerful, as they enhance the sampling of a large number of CVs simultaneously compared to other techniques. Extended variables are kept at a much higher temperature than the physical temperature by ensuring adiabatic separation between the extended and physical subsystems and employing rigorous thermostatting. In this work, we present a computational platform to perform extended phase space enhanced sampling simulations using the open‐source molecular dynamics engine OpenMM. The implementation allows users to have interoperability of sampling techniques, as well as employ state‐of‐the‐art thermostats and multiple time‐stepping. This work also presents protocols for determining the critical parameters and procedures for reconstructing high‐dimensional free energy surfaces. As a demonstration, we present simulation results on the high dimensional conformational landscapes of the alanine tripeptide in vacuo, tetra‐N‐methylglycine (tetra‐sarcosine) peptoid in implicit solvent, and the Trp‐cage mini protein in explicit water.
Phytoremediation of Cu‐contaminated vineyard soils in Brazil: A compendium of Brazilian pot studies
Authors: Marques Anderson Cesar Ramos , Tiecher Tadeu Luis , Brunetto Gustavo , Vendruscolo Diogo , De Conti Lessandro , Ambrosini Vitor Gabriel , Miotto Alcione , Rosa Daniel José , da Silva Isley Cristiellem Bicalho , Trentin Edicarla , Ferreira Paulo Ademar Avelar , Jacques Rodrigo Josemar Seminoti , Pescador Rosete , Comin Jucinei José , Ceretta Carlos Alberto , de Melo George Wellington Bastos , Parent Léon‐Étienne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVineyard soils can be contaminated by copper (Cu) due to successive applications of fungicides and organic fertilizers. Soil remediation can be addressed by altering soil properties or selecting efficient Cu‐extracting cover crops tolerant to Cu toxicity. Our objectives were to synthesize the Cu‐extracting efficiency by plant species tested in Brazil, classify them according to Cu resistance to toxicity, and assess the effect of soil properties on attenuating Cu toxicity. We retrieved results from 41 species and cultivars, totaling 565 observations. Freshly added Cu varied between 50 and 600 mg Cu kg−1 of soil across studies. The partition of Cu removal between the above‐ and below‐ground portions was scaled as a logistic variable to facilitate data synthesis. The data were analyzed using the Adaboost machine learning model. Model accuracy (predicted vs. actual values) reached R2 = 0.862 after relating species, cultivar, Cu addition, clay, SOM, pH, soil test P, and Cu as features to predict the logistic target variable. Tissue Cu concentration varied between 7 and 105 mg Cu kg−1 in the shoot and between 73 and 1340 mg Cu kg−1 in the roots. Among soil properties, organic matter and soil test Cu most influenced the accuracy of the model. Phaseolus vulgaris, Brassica juncea, Ricinus communis, Hordeum vulgare, Sorghum vulgare, Cajanus cajan, Solanum lycopersicum, and Crotolaria spectabilis were the most efficient Cu‐extracting cover crops, as shown by positive values of the logistic variable (shoot removal > root removal). Those Cu‐tolerant plants showed differential capacity to extract Cu in the long run.
HBV confers innate immune evasion through triggering HAT1/acetylation of H4K5/H4K12/miR‐181a‐5p or KPNA2/cGAS‐STING/IFN‐I signaling
Authors: Zhao Lina , Yuan Hongfeng , Wang Yufei , Geng Yu , Yun Haolin , Zheng Wei , Yuan Ying , Lv Pan , Hou Chunyu , Zhang Huihui , Sun Jiao , Sun Linlin , Suo Yuhong , Wang Shuai , Zhang Ningning , Lu Wei , Yang Guang , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractViral immune evasion is crucial to the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the role of HBV in the modulation of innate immune evasion is poorly understood. A liver‐specific histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) knockout (KO) mouse model and HAT1 KO cell line were established. Immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, immunofluorescence assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed in the livers of mouse models, primary human hepatocytes, HepG2‐NTCP, and Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines. HBV‐elevated HAT1 increased the expression of miR‐181a‐5p targeting cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) messenger RNA 3′ untranslated regions through modulating acetylation of H4K5 and H4K12 in vitro and in vivo, leading to the inability of cGAS‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and type I interferon (IFN‐I) signaling. Additionally, HBV‐elevated HAT1 promoted the expression of KPNA2 through modulating acetylation of H4K5 and H4K12 in the system, resulting in nuclear translocation of cGAS, HBx was responsible for the events by HAT1, suggesting that HBV‐elevated HAT1 controls the cGAS‐STING pathway and IFN‐I signaling to modulate viral innate immune evasion. HBV confers innate immune evasion through triggering HAT1/acetylation of H4K5/H4K12/miR‐181a‐5p or KPNA2/cGAS‐STING/IFN‐I signaling. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism by which HBV drives viral innate immune evasion.
Real‐time fetal brain tracking for functional fetal MRI
Authors: Neves Silva Sara , Aviles Verdera Jordina , Tomi‐Tricot Raphael , Neji Radhouene , Uus Alena , Grigorescu Irina , Wilkinson Thomas , Ozenne Valery , Lewin Alexander , Story Lisa , De Vita Enrico , Rutherford Mary , Pushparajah Kuberan , Hajnal Jo , Hutter Jana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo improve motion robustness of functional fetal MRI scans by developing an intrinsic real‐time motion correction method. MRI provides an ideal tool to characterize fetal brain development and growth. It is, however, a relatively slow imaging technique and therefore extremely susceptible to subject motion, particularly in functional MRI experiments acquiring multiple Echo‐Planar‐Imaging‐based repetitions, for example, diffusion MRI or blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependency MRI.MethodsA 3D UNet was trained on 125 fetal datasets to track the fetal brain position in each repetition of the scan in real time. This tracking, inserted into a Gadgetron pipeline on a clinical scanner, allows updating the position of the field of view in a modified echo‐planar imaging sequence. The method was evaluated in real‐time in controlled‐motion phantom experiments and ten fetal MR studies (17 + 4‐34 + 3 gestational weeks) at 3T. The localization network was additionally tested retrospectively on 29 low‐field (0.55T) datasets.ResultsOur method achieved real‐time fetal head tracking and prospective correction of the acquisition geometry. Localization performance achieved Dice scores of 84.4% and 82.3%, respectively for both the unseen 1.5T/3T and 0.55T fetal data, with values higher for cephalic fetuses and increasing with gestational age.ConclusionsOur technique was able to follow the fetal brain even for fetuses under 18 weeks GA in real‐time at 3T and was successfully applied “offline” to new cohorts on 0.55T. Next, it will be deployed to other modalities such as fetal diffusion MRI and to cohorts of pregnant participants diagnosed with pregnancy complications, for example, pre‐eclampsia and congenital heart disease.
Spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Sardinia, Italy: The contribution of age, sex, and genetic factors
Authors: Borghero Giuseppe , Sechi Maria Margherita , Vasta Rosario , Pierri Vincenzo , Pili Francesca , Pateri Ida , Pilotto Silvy , Ercoli Tommaso , Muroni Antonella , Chiò Adriano , Defazio Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsSeveral microgeographic clusters of higher/lower incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been identified worldwide. Differences in the distribution of local factors were proposed to explain the excess ALS risk, whereas the contribution of known genetic/epigenetic factors remains unclear. The aim is to identify restricted areas of higher risk in Sardinia and to assess whether age, sex, and the most common causative genetic mutations in Sardinia (C9orf72 and TARDBP mutations) contributed to the variation in the ALS risk.MethodsWe performed an ad hoc analysis of the 10‐y population‐based incident cohort of ALS cases from a recent study of a large Sardinian area. Cluster analysis was performed by age‐ and sex‐adjusted Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic.ResultsWe identified a statistically significant cluster of higher ALS incidence in a relatively large area including 34 municipalities and >100,000 individuals. The investigated genetic mutations were more frequent in the cluster area than outside. Regardless of the genetic mutations, the excess of ALS risk was significantly associated with either sex or with age ≥ 65 y. Finally, an additive interaction between older age and male sex contributed to the excess of ALS risk in the cluster area but not outside.DiscussionOur analysis demonstrated that known genetic factors, age, and sex may contribute to microgeographic variation in ALS incidence. The significant additive interaction between older age and male sex we found in the high‐incidence cluster could suggest the presence of a third factor connecting the analyzed risk factors.
Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Touidjine Sabri , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Trache Djalal , Akbi Hamdane , Guettiche Djamil , Belkhiri Samir , Nourine Manel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article aims to outline the current progress in the field of energetic copolymer binders for composite solid propellants (CSPs). Propellants, which are a type of energetic material, are used to generate thrust in rockets and missiles, and they are generally less sensitive than explosives. The common formulations of CSPs contain several different chemical compounds that are typically bound together by a polymeric matrix to form a continuous solid. The use of inert polymers, however, does not enhance the overall specific impulse of the propellant. Energetic copolymers have emerged as a compelling category of binders for CSPs in recent years, offering potential advantages over traditional binders such as improved performance, enhanced safety, and increased manufacturing efficiency. The paper reviews the various types of energetic copolymer binders that have been developed, their potential advantages and drawbacks, and the current challenges and opportunities in the field. It suggests directions for future research and development and aims to provide a useful resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the use of energetic copolymer binders toward CSPs.
Undue harms against adult dancers: Regulation of strip club labor based on spurious research, claims, and stigma
Authors: Zack‐Wu Madison L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNationwide, regulations of strip clubs are based on spurious research and claims that create and perpetuate harms against dancers. There is a multitude of scientific evidence suggesting that limited regulation and decriminalization of nudity, alcohol, touch, and physical proximity have positive effects and correlations for dancers and their work. The phenomenon of unwarranted regulations begs the question: Why is our sociopolitical climate so inclined to hinder and harm dancers and their labor? I posit that these regulations are interrelated to the stigmatization and marginalization of sex work and the minority groups that commonly comprise dancer demographics. Lastly, I call for sociopolitical change to empower dancers instead of continuing oppressive patterns of the past.
Fluorocarbon Modified Chitosan to Enable Transdermal Immunotherapy for Melanoma Treatment
Authors: Zhuang Qi , Chao Ting , Wu Yuanyuan , Wei Ting , Ren Jiacheng , Cao Zhiqing , Peng Rui , Liu Zhuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the rapid development of the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma treatment, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) still hinders the efficacy of immunotherapy. Recently, using agonists to modulate the TME have presented promising clinical responses in combination with ICB therapies. However, local intratumoral injection as the commonly used administration route for immune agonists would lead to low patient compliance. Herein, it is demonstrated that fluorocarbon modified chitosan (FCS) can self‐assemble with immune adjuvant polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), forming nanoparticles that can penetrate through cutaneous barriers to enable transdermal delivery. FCS/poly(I:C) can efficiently activate various types of cells presented on the transdermal route (through the skin into the TME), leading to IRF3‐mediated IFN‐β induction in the activated cells for tumor repression. Furthermore, transdermal FCS/poly(I:C) treatment can significantly magnify the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) blockade in melanoma treatment through activating the immunosuppressive TME. This study approach offered an attractive transdermal approach in combined with ICB therapy for combined immunotherapy, particularly suitable for melanoma treatment.
Mixed‐Solvent Engineering as a Way around the Trade‐Off between Yield and Purity of (7,3) Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obtained Using Conjugated Polymer Extraction
Authors: Dzienia Andrzej , Just Dominik , Taborowska Patrycja , Mielanczyk Anna , Milowska Karolina Z. , Yorozuya Shunji , Naka Sadahito , Shiraki Tomohiro , Janas Dawid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe inability to purify nanomaterials such as single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to the desired extent hampers the progress in nanoscience. Various SWCNT types can be purified by extraction, but it is challenging to establish conditions giving rise to the isolation of high‐purity fractions. The problem stems from the fact that common organic solvents or water cannot provide an optimal environment for purification. Consequently, one must often decide between the separation yield and purity of the product. This article reports how through the self‐synthesis of poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) with tailored characteristics, in‐depth elucidation of the extraction process, and mixed‐solvent engineering, a high‐yield isolation of monochiral (7,3) SWCNTs is developed. The combination of toluene and tetralin affords a separation medium of unique properties, wherein both high yield and exceptional purity can be attained simultaneously. The reported results pave the way for further research on this rare chirality, which, as illustrated herein, is much more reactive than any of the previously separated SWCNTs.
2D/2D Cs0.32WO3/CuS Nano‐Heterojunctions for Simultaneous High‐Efficiency Solar Desalination, Photocatalytic Decontamination, and Electricity Generation
Authors: Xu Jiang , Zhuo Sheng , Luo Yujuan , Xu Chujia , Zhuo Ming‐peng , Chen Weifan , Liu Yue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDesalination and power generation through solar energy harvesting is a crucial technology that can effectively address freshwater shortages and energy crises. However, owing to the complexity of the actual water environment, the thermal output capability of the photothermal material and the functional integration of the evaporation system need urgent improvement, to obtain high‐quality fresh water and sufficient electricity. Herein, a 2D/2D cesium tungsten bronze/copper sulfide (2D/2D Cs0.32WO3/CuS) nano‐heterojunction is developed and it is loaded into a cellulose‐based hybrid hydrogel to construct a multifunctional evaporator. Benefiting from the more nonradiative recombination centers from deep‐level defects, as well as shorter carrier migration distances and higher redox potentials in the Cs0.32WO3/CuS nano‐heterojunction, this evaporator has a significant improvement in thermal output capacity, enabling both super‐efficient seawater evaporation (4.22 kg m−2 h−1) and photodegradation of organic pollutants (removal rate ≈ 99%). Moreover, the evaporator exhibits long‐term stability and sustainable self‐cleaning property against salt accumulation. Remarkably, the thermoelectric module based on the Cs0.32WO3/CuS nano‐heterojunction shows promising electricity generation performance (4.85 W m−2), which can power small appliances durably and stably, exceeding previously reported similar devices. This 2D/2D heterojunction‐based solar evaporation system will provide a more reliable solution for efficient and sustainable freshwater‐electricity co‐generation in resource‐limited areas.
GitRanking: A ranking of GitHub topics for software classification using active sampling
Authors: Sas Cezar , Capiluppi Andrea , Di Sipio Claudio , Di Rocco Juri , Di Ruscio Davide 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContextGitHub is the world's most prominent host of source code, with more than 327M repositories. However, most of these repositories are not labelled or inadequately, making it harder for users to find relevant projects. Various proposals for software application domain classification over the past years have been proposed. However, these several of those approaches suffer from multiple issues, called antipatterns of software classification, that reduce their usability.ObjectiveIn this paper, we propose a new taxonomy in the GitHub ecosystem, called GitRanking, starting from a well‐structured data set, composed of curated repositories annotated with topics. The main objective is to create a baseline methodology for software classification that is expandable, hierarchical, grounded in a knowledge base, and free of antipatterns.MethodWe collected 121K topics from GitHub and used GitRanking to create a taxonomy of 301 ranked application domains. GitRanking (1) uses active sampling to ensure a minimal number of annotations to create the ranking; and (2) links each topic to Wikidata, reducing ambiguities and improving the reusability of the taxonomy. Furthermore, we adopt the conceived taxonomy in a classification task by considering a state‐of‐the‐art classifier.ResultsOur results show that GitRanking can effectively rank terms in a hierarchy according to how general or specific their meaning is. Furthermore, we show that GitRanking is a dynamically extensible method: it can currently accept further terms to be ranked, and with a minimum number of annotations (). Concerning the classification task, we show that the model achieves an F1‐score of 34%, with a precision of 54%.ConclusionThis paper is the first collective attempt at building a ground‐up taxonomy of software domains. Our vision is that our taxonomy, and its extensibility, can be used to better and more precisely label software projects.