bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of the fibrosis-4 index and the NAFLD fibrosis score for screening at-risk individuals in a health check-up setting
Authors: Park Huiyul , Yoon Eileen L. , Kim Mimi , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Hye-Lin , Cho Seon , Nah Eun-Hee , Jun Dae Won 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) have been used as noninvasive screening methods for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. However, their diagnostic performance has not been evaluated in at-risk individuals regardless of hepatic steatosis. This study evaluated the performance of the FIB-4 and NFS in at-risk groups of health check-up examinees at mass screening centers.

Methods:
This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 8545 participants who underwent voluntary magnetic resonance elastography at a discounted fee during their regular health check-ups at 13 mass screening centers nationwide. The at-risk group was defined as those with any of the following conditions: NAFLD, 2 or more metabolic abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, or abnormal aminotransferase levels. A magnetic resonance elastography cutoff of ≥3.6 kPa was used to define conventional advanced fibrosis.

Results:
According to the proposed criteria, the proportion of at-risk individuals was 67.4%–80.2% in the health check-up cohort without viral or alcohol-associated liver disease. The prevalence of individuals with advanced hepatic fibrosis in each at-risk group was ~2.3%–2.8% according to various criteria. It was higher in patients without NAFLD than in those with NAFLD. A total of 28.2%–39.6% of those in each at-risk group did not show hepatic steatosis on ultrasonography. The performance of FIB-4 for advanced fibrosis in the at-risk group was comparable with that in the NAFLD group. FIB-4 showed a better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity than NFS in the at-risk group.

Conclusions:
FIB-4 demonstrated superior performance compared with the NFS, and its performance in at-risk individuals was similar to that observed for patients with NAFLD.
Exploring the Association Between Indicators of Socioeconomic Instability, Survival Sex, and Methamphetamine Use Among Young Adult Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Curtis Michael G. , Reed Marcus , Newman Antonio , Doraivelu Kamini , Patel Shivani A. , Crawford Natalie D. , Holland David P. , Hussen Sophia A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) use is a contributor to poor health outcomes among young Black American gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YB-GBMSM). Emerging research indicates that socioeconomic instability may be a salient antecedent of meth use as men may be encouraged to engage in health-eroding activities, such as survival sex, to care for themselves, and then cope with instability-related stress via use of substances. We examined the degree to which indicators of socioeconomic instability, including homelessness and food insecurity, would directly, and indirectly, predict increases in meth use, via survival sex engagement. Hypotheses were tested using mediated path analysis with data from 100 YB-GBMSM in Atlanta, Georgia. Preliminary analysis results demonstrated positive associations between engaging in survival sex, food insecurity, homelessness, and living with HIV. Findings demonstrated that homelessness and food insecurity were directly associated with increased survival sex engagement but were not directly associated with meth use. Homelessness and food insecurity were indirectly associated with increased severity of meth use, via increased engagement in survival sex. Socioeconomic instability and survival sex engagement may be important intervention targets for future meth use intervention/prevention programming. Integrating programmatic components that address homelessness and food insecurity may decrease YB-GBMSM's need to rely on survival sex to meet their needs and decrease their likelihood of using meth as a result.
Development of a continuously perfused ex vivo kidney training model for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: validity and efficiency
Authors: Zhang Huijian , Wang Jun , Liu Chundong , Du Bingran , Xiao Jujiao , Qian Lei , Zhang Qun , Li Jianyi 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Suture hemostasis is essential for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). This study aimed to develop, validate, and test the efficacy of a continuously-perfused training model (CPTM) in LPN with high-level simulated bleeding.

Materials and Methods:
The CPTM was constructed using fresh porcine kidneys with renal arteries continuously perfused with red-dyed liquid gelatin. Twenty-nine participants with expert, intermediate, or novice laparoscopic experience levels were recruited. The expert and intermediate participants evaluated the CPTM, and the novice participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups to complete training on a CPTM or dry box training model (DBTM). Messick’s framework criteria were utilized to assess the validity and training efficacy of the model. The data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Friedman tests. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Positive comments were provided by all experts and intermediates for the Content. The Relationships with other variables demonstrated significant differences among novices, intermediates, and experts in all metrics (P<0.05). The Consequences showed that the CPTM helped novices acquire LPN skills. The training efficacy was significantly better than that of the DBTM (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the final performances of the novices and initial performances of the experts (P>0.05). Synthesizing all metrics, the LPN skills learned using CPTMs were significantly improved in the 12th round of training.

Conclusion:
The CPTM offered high-level simulation of bleeding with realistic tissue texture for acquiring LPN skills. Training of no fewer than 12 rounds is recommended for a novice’s LPN training on the CPTM.
Diagnostic capability of 18F-PSMA PET-MRI and pelvic MRI plus bone scan in treatment-naive prostate cancer: A single-center paired validating confirmatory study
Authors: Qiao Ziyun , Wang Shuaidong , Wang Haiyan , He Biming , Shi Zhenkai , Zhou Hai , Yang Qiwei , Chen Xing , You Zhiwen , Zhao Jun , Wang Haifeng 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Radical prostatectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection for the treatment of high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) results in long-term benefits in selected patients. But insufficient sensitivity of conventional examinations which are pelvic MRI and bone scan, limits the diagnosis of bone and lymph node metastasis of PCa. This affects the surgical management strategy of a large number of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could improve the clinical detection of PCa metastases compared with the conventional pelvic MRI plus bone scan.

Materials and Methods:
From April 2020 to April 2023, we prospectively enrolled 472 patients with histologically proven PCa in our center, and 120 patients underwent 18F-PSMA PET-MRI, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and bone scan before laparoscopic radical prostatectomy plus lymph node dissection. The accuracy of imaging results in detecting lymph node and bone metastatic lesions was compared between PSMA PET-MRI and MRI plus bone scan.

Results:
In diagnosing lymph node metastasis, PSMA PET-MRI had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.844 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.738–0.949, P < 0.001), sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 96%, which performed apparently better than MRI (AUC=0.615 [95% CI: 0.480–0.750, P=0.073]). PSMA PET-MRI showed excellent expression in the diagnosis of bone metastases, with an AUC of 0.910 (95% CI: 0.840–0.981, P <0.001) compared to 0.700 (95% CI: 0.577–0.823, P =0.001) in bone scanning. PSMA PET-MRI also had higher sensitivity than bone scanning (90% vs. 43%), while lower specificity (92% vs. 97%).

Conclusion:
PSMA PET-MRI is superior to conventional imaging at diagnosing metastases in lymph nodes and bones in PCa and can provide a more accurate stagement.
Relationship-building, community-building, and security of the building: staff perspectives on tenant retention in permanent supportive housing
Authors: Evans Joshua , MacDonald Ariel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The objective of this article is to explore how housing practitioners navigate the challenge of tenant retention within Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) programs and the practices they associate with program success.

Methods:
This article draws on semistructured interviews with 10 housing practitioners from 7 organizations operating 8 PSH programs in Edmonton, a city with roughly one million people in Alberta, Canada.

Results:
This article focuses on 3 specific challenges that have implications for the retention of residents: (1) interpersonal conflict, (2) property damage, and (3) guest management. It also focuses on 3 “promising practices” that practitioners have utilized to mitigate these challenges: (1) relationship-building, (2) community-building, and (3) security of the buildings.

Conclusions:
Tenant retention is integral to the realization of positive program outcomes in PSH. There are several factors affecting tenant retention. To address these challenges, the staff interviewed in this research found success in building programmatic elements that fostered positive interpersonal relationships, managed the behavior of guests on the property, and ensured the physical integrity of the buildings.
Examination of Participant Characteristics and Utilization Trends of a Web-Based Public Health Practice Training Curriculum
Authors: Sutphin Sarah , Dwelle Terry , Amos Kathleen , Harmon Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Context:
Public health workforce development has been an ongoing challenge. Understanding the needs, interests, and demographics of public health practice communities is essential for advancing the field of public health workforce development.

Program:
The North Dakota Public Health Training Network (NDPHTN) is addressing the needs of public health practice communities through virtual training curricula. The NDPHTN curriculum is based upon 7 domains of public health practice workforce development training, identified via reports, a job task analysis, and workforce competency and skill needs surveys. The curricula also align with the Council on Education for Public Health competencies, and courses offer registrants the opportunity to earn Certified Public Health Continuing Education credit.

Implementation:
The NDPHTN curriculum launched on August 1, 2019, is offered on the Public Health Foundation's TRAIN platform. The educational trainings are available as 6 “courses,” a group of related sessions on a public health workforce topic, or 72 Continuing Education Unit credits (“CEUs”), stand-alone sessions that are not part of a course. The courses were created to meet specialized certificate requirements, while CEUs present both overlapping materials with courses and unique “Special Topics,” such as education and training related to the COVID-19 pandemic. CEUs on “Special Topics” are regularly revised to provide up-to-date information on evolving topics. This research study period was August 1, 2019, to January 5, 2021.

Evaluation:
Using posttraining evaluations on quality and usefulness of NDPHTN sessions through the TRAIN platform, 96.71% of respondents reported that the sessions would be useful to their work.

Discussion:
The TRAIN platform is an excellent channel to provide public health practice workforce development training to a diverse workforce. This examination of learner characteristics and utilization trends provides indications of topics deemed valuable by members of the public health workforce who engage in continuing education and training opportunities.
Effect of Educational Video on Patient Adherence and Completeness of Voiding Diaries: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mehta Shailja , Carmain Madeline , Dalal Shana , Lundsberg Lisbet , St. Martin Brad , Harmanli Oz 
Published: September 2023

Importance
Voiding diaries are clinically useful tools for elucidating the etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms. The utility of voiding diaries is challenged by low return rate and incomplete or inaccurate data entry.

Objective
The objective was to determine the effect of the use of an educational video on patient adherence, completeness of intake and voiding diaries, and patient satisfaction.

Study Design
In this trial, patients who were asked to complete an intake and voiding diary in a urogynecology clinic were randomized to receive standard education or enhanced education with an instructional video on how to complete the diary. Patients returned the diaries at their follow-up visits in the clinic. The primary outcome was the return rate of the diaries. Upon follow-up, patients filled out a survey reporting their satisfaction with instructions received. Diaries were graded by 3 blinded experts.

Results
Eighty-five patients were enrolled, 42 in the standardized instructions arm and 43 in the video arm. A total of 26 patients (30.6%) filled out and returned an intake and voiding diary. Between groups, there was no difference in the rate of return of the diaries (P = 0.59) or in completeness of the returned voiding diaries (P = 0.60). The educational video did not change satisfaction between the groups; patients reported identical satisfaction between groups.

Conclusions
The addition of an instructional video on how to complete an intake and voiding diary did not increase patients’ rate of return, completeness of diaries, or satisfaction with instructions provided to complete the diary.
Patient Outcomes After Robotic Ventral Rectopexy With Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Ross James H. , Yao Meng , Wallace Shannon L. , Paraiso Marie Fidela R. , Vogler Sarah A. , Propst Katie , Ferrando Cecile A. 
Published: September 2023

Importance
As few studies exist examining postoperative functional outcomes in patients undergoing robotic sacrocolpopexy and ventral rectopexy, results from this study can help guide surgeons in counseling patients on their outcomes.

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate functional outcomes and overall postoperative satisfaction as measured by the Pelvic Floor Disability Index 20 (PFDI-20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), and Patient Global Impression of Improvement Scale (PGI-I) in patients who underwent combined robotic ventral rectopexy and sacrocolpopexy for concomitant pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and rectal prolapse or intussusception (RP/I).

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort and survey study of patients with combined POP and RP/I who underwent the previously mentioned surgical repair between January 2018 and July 2021. Each patient was contacted to participate in a survey evaluating postoperative symptoms related bother, sexual function, and overall satisfaction using the PFDI-20, PISQ-12, and PGI-I.

Results
A total of 107 patients met study inclusion criteria with 67 patients completing the surveys. The mean age and body mass index were 63.7 ± 11.5 years and 25.0 ± 5.4, respectively. Of the patients, 19% had a prior RP repair and 23% had a prior POP repair. Rectal prolapse or intussusception recurrence was reported in 10.4% of patients and objective POP recurrence was found in 7.5% of patients. Sixty-seven patients (62%) completed the surveys. The median time to survey follow-up was 18 (8.8–51.8) months. At the time of survey, the mean PFDI-20 score was 95.7 ± 53.7. The mean PISQ-12 score for all patients was 32.8 ± 7.2 and the median PGI-I score was 2.0 (interquartile range, 1.0–3.0).

Conclusions
In this cohort of patients who underwent a combined robotic ventral rectopexy and sacrocolpopexy, patient-reported postoperative symptom bother was low, sexual function was high, and their overall condition was much improved.
Coral species-specific loss and physiological legacy effects are elicited by extended marine heatwave
Authors: Strand E.L. , Wong K.H. , Farraj A. , Gray S. , McMenamin A. , Putnam H.M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity, with potentially catastrophic consequences for marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. An extended heatwave and recovery time-series that incorporates multiple stressors and is environmentally realistic can provide enhanced predictive capacity for performance under climate change conditions. We exposed common reef-building corals in Hawai‘i,Montipora capitataandPocillopora acuta, to a 2-month period of high temperature and high pCO2conditions or ambient conditions in a factorial design, followed by 2 months of ambient conditions. High temperature, rather than high pCO2, drove multivariate physiology shifts through time in both species, including decreases in respiration rates and endosymbiont densities.Pocillopora acutaexhibited more significantly negatively altered physiology, and substantially higher bleaching and mortality thanM. capitata. The sensitivity ofP. acutaappears to be driven by higher baseline rates of photosynthesis paired with lower host antioxidant capacity, creating an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Thermal tolerance ofM. capitatamay be partly due to harboring a mixture ofCladocopiumandDurusdiniumspp., whereasP. acutawas dominated by other distinctCladocopiumspp. OnlyM. capitatasurvived the experiment, but physiological state in heatwave exposedM. capitataremained significantly diverged at the end of recovery relative to individuals that experienced ambient conditions. In future climate scenarios, particularly marine heatwaves, our results indicate a species-specific loss of corals that is driven by baseline host and symbiont physiological differences as well as Symbiodiniaceae community compositions, with the surviving species experiencing physiological legacies that are likely to influence future stress responses.
GAUSS: A comprehensive R package for accurate estimation of linkage disequilibrium for variants, Gaussian imputation and TWAS analysis of cosmopolitan cohorts
Authors: Lee Donghyung , Bacanu Silviu-Alin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMotivationAs the availability of larger and more ethnically diverse reference panels grows, there is an increase in demand for ancestry-informed imputation of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and other downstream analyses, e.g., fine-mapping. Performing such analyses at the genotype level is computationally challenging and necessitates access to individual-level genotype and phenotype data. Summary-statistics-based tools, not requiring individual-level data, provide an efficient alternative that streamlines computational requirements and promotes open science by simplifying the re-analysis and downstream analysis of existing GWAS summary data. However, existing tools perform only disparate parts of needed analysis, have only command-line interfaces and are difficult to extend/link by applied researchers.ResultsTo address these challenges, we present GAUSS — a comprehensive and user-friendly R package designed to facilitate the re-analysis/downstream analysis of GWAS summary statistics. GAUSS offers an integrated toolkit for a range of functionalities, including i) estimating ancestry proportion of study cohorts, ii) calculating ancestry-informed linkage disequilibrium, iii) imputing summary statistics of unobserved variants, iv) conducting transcriptome-wide association studies, and v) correcting for “Winner’s Curse” biases. Notably, GAUSS utilizes an expansive, multi-ethnic reference panel consisting of 32,953 genomes from 29 ethnic groups. This panel enhances the range and accuracy of imputable variants, including the ability to impute summary statistics of rarer variants. As a result, GAUSS elevates the quality and applicability of existing GWAS analyses without requiring access to subject-level genotypic and phenotypic information.Availability and implementationThe GAUSS R package, complete with its source code, is readily accessible to the public via our GitHub repository athttps://github.com/statsleelab/gauss. To further assist users, we provided illustrative use-case scenarios that are conveniently found athttps://statsleelab.github.io/gauss/.Contactleed13@miamioh.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
The Cost of Living Index as a Primary Driver of Homelessness: A Cross-State Analysis
Authors: Heston Thomas F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHomelessness persists as a critical global issue despite myriad interventions. This study analyzed state-level differences in homelessness rates across the United States to identify influential societal factors to help guide resource prioritization.MethodsHomelessness rates for 50 states and Washington D.C. were compared using the most recent data from 2020-2023. Twenty-five variables representing potential socioeconomic and health contributors were examined. Given non-normal distributions, nonparametric statistical techniques, including correlation and predictive modeling, identified significant factors.ResultsThe cost of living index, mainly influenced by housing, transportation, and grocery costs, showed the strongest positive correlation with homelessness rates (all p <0.001). Unemployment, alcohol binging, taxes, and poverty were also influential factors. Opioid prescription rates demonstrated an unexpected negative correlation. Random forest classification emphasized the cost of living index as the primary contributor, with housing costs presenting the largest influence.ConclusionThis state-level analysis revealed the cost of living index, predominantly driven by housing expenses, as the foremost factor associated with homelessness rates, greatly outweighing other variables. These findings can help inform resource allocation to mitigate homelessness through targeted interventions.
Evidence for managing herbivores for reef resilience
Authors: Donovan Mary K. , Counsell Chelsie W.W. , Donahue Megan J. , Lecky Joey , Gajdzik Laura , Marcoux Stacia D. , Sparks Russell , Teague Christopher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerbivore management is an important tool for resilience-based approaches to coral reef conservation. Yet, evidence-based science is needed to enact successful management. We synthesized data from multiple monitoring programs in Hawai’i to measure herbivore biomass and benthic condition over a 10-year period preceding any major coral bleaching. We analyzed data from 20,242 transects alongside data on 27 biophysical and human drivers and found herbivore biomass was highly variable throughout Hawai’i, with high values in remote locations and the lowest values near population centers. Both human and biophysical drivers explained variation in herbivore biomass, and among the human drivers both fishing and land-based pollution had negative effects on biomass. We also found evidence that herbivore functional group biomass is strongly linked to benthic condition, and that benthic condition is sensitive to changes in herbivore biomass associated with fishing. We show that when herbivore biomass is below 80% of potential biomass benthic condition is predicted to decline. We also show that a range of management actions, including area-specific fisheries regulations and gear restrictions, can increase parrotfish biomass. Together, these results provide lines of evidence to support managing herbivores as an effective strategy for maintaining or bolstering reef resilience in a changing climate.