bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplex Electrochemical Microfluidic Sensor for COVID‐19 Antibody Detection: Natural versus Vaccine‐Induced Humoral Response
Authors: Mazzaracchio Vincenzo , Rios Maciel Mauricio , Porto Santos Tatiana , Toda‐Peters Kazumi , Shen Amy Q. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid transmission and resilience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have led to urgent demands in monitoring humoral response for effective vaccine development, thus a multiplex co‐detection platform to discriminate infection‐induced from vaccine‐induced antibodies is needed. Here a duplex electrochemical immunosensor for co‐detection of anti‐nucleocapsid IgG (N‐IgG) and anti‐spike IgG (S‐IgG) is developed by using a two‐working electrode system, via an indirect immunoassay, with antibody quantification obtained by differential pulse voltammetry. The screen‐printed electrodes (SPEs) are modified by carbon black and electrodeposited gold nanoflowers for maximized surface areas, enabling the construction of an immunological chain for S‐IgG and N‐IgG electrochemical detection with enhanced performance. Using an optimized immunoassay protocol, a wide linear range between 30–750 and 20–1000 ng mL−1, and a limit of detection of 28 and 15 ng mL−1 are achieved to detect N‐IgG and S‐IgG simultaneously in serum samples. This duplex immunosensor is then integrated in a microfluidic device to obtain significantly reduced detection time (≤ 7 min) while maintaining its analytical performance. The duplex microfluidic immunosensor can be easily expanded into multiplex format to achieve high throughput screening for the sero‐surveillance of COVID‐19 and other infectious diseases.
Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals of groundwater during the wet and dry seasons at the Lafarge cement factory environment, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adejuwon Joseph Omoniyi , Odusote Ayobami Akintunde 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined the physical, chemical, and heavy metals in groundwater from boreholes and hand‐dug wells at the Lafarge cement factory environment at Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were obtained from 20 sampling locations during the wet and dry seasons of 2019. The 17 parameters determined include the pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, alkalinity, salinity, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, copper, lead, iron, and cadmium. The samples were analyzed using titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods. Correlation analysis was applied as part of the analytical tool in this study. The result indicated low physiochemical concentration of pH, total hardness, sulfate, nitrate, chloride, magnesium, calcium (>1% to 15%), and electrical conductivity (>1000 μS/cm) and fell within the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and World Health Organization (WHO) desirable and maximum permissible limits for potable water during the wet and dry seasons. However, phosphate was above the standard limit for portable water of 6.5 mg/L in all sampling locations, whereas the total alkalinity was above the WHO standard limit (200 mg/L) in 12 locations in the wet seasons and a location in the dry season. Salinity was also above standards in one and four locations in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Lead and cadmium were not detected in most locations, whereas iron, lead, cadmium, and copper were above standard limits in some locations. A significant relationship exists between the heavy metals and some of the physiochemical parameters at p ≥ .05 and p ≥ .01. The polluted water in most locations is capable of resulting in an adverse health hazard. Thus, this study explains the effect of physicochemical and heavy metals on water management at Sagamu and is important for water resource planning.
Gradient flow of Einstein-Maxwell theory and Reissner-Nordström black holes
Authors: De Biasio Davide , Freigang Julian , Lüst Dieter , Wiseman Toby 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ricci flow is a natural gradient flow of the Einstein-Hilbert action. Here we consider the analog for the Einstein-Maxwell action, which gives Ricci flow with a stress tensor contribution coupled to a Yang-Mills flow for the Maxwell field. We argue that this flow is well-posed for static spacetimes with pure electric or magnetic potentials and show it preserves both non-extremal and extremal black hole horizons. In the latter case we find the flow of the near horizon geometry decouples from that of the exterior. The Schwarzschild black hole is an unstable fixed point of Ricci flow for static spacetimes. Here we consider flows of the Reissner-Nordström (RN) fixed point. The magnetic RN solution becomes a stable fixed point of the flow for sufficient charge. However we find that the electric RN black hole is always unstable. Numerically solving the flow starting with a spherically symmetric perturbation of a non-extremal RN solution, we find similar behaviour in the electric case to the Ricci flows of perturbed Schwarzschild, namely the horizon shrinks to a singularity in finite time or expands forever. In the magnetic case, a perturbed unstable RN solution has a similar expanding behaviour, but a perturbation that decreases the horizon size flows to a stable black hole solution rather than a singularity. For extremal RN we solve the near horizon flow for spherical symmetry exactly, and see in the electric case two unstable directions which flow to singularities in finite flow time. However, even turning these off, and fixing the near horizon geometry to be that of RN, we numerically show that the flows appear to become singular in the vicinity of its horizon.
Optimal Flat Functions in Carleman–Roumieu Ultraholomorphic Classes in Sectors
Authors: Jiménez-Garrido Javier , Miguel-Cantero Ignacio , Sanz Javier , Schindl Gerhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe construct optimal flat functions in Carleman–Roumieu ultraholomorphic classes associated to general strongly nonquasianalytic weight sequences, and defined on sectors of suitably restricted opening. A general procedure is presented in order to obtain linear continuous extension operators, right inverses of the Borel map, for the case of regular weight sequences in the sense of Dyn’kin. Finally, we discuss some examples (including the well-knownq-Gevrey case) where such optimal flat functions can be obtained in a more explicit way.
Macro-scale modeling of finite strain viscoplasticity in irradiated F/M steels: a continuum thermodynamic framework
Authors: Rajakrishnan Roshan R. , Gaganidze Ermile , Terentyev Dimitry , Aktaa Jarir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe European reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel Eurofer97 in irradiated states displays significant nonlinear material behavior involving irradiation hardening, loss of strain hardening, and uniform elongation, as well as irradiation-induced embrittlement. Nonlinear behavior of irradiated steel modeled on the continuum scale will help to estimate the maximum operating range of the irradiated components beyond the onset of localized plastic flow. In this work, a thermodynamic framework for modeling irradiation-influenced deformation is established based on irradiation defect density and a thermodynamically consistent finite strain formulation of an existing viscoplastic model using the Dual Variables concept is presented. The model is implemented in ABAQUS allowing the simulation of tensile tests conducted on irradiated and unirradiated materials which shows the model’s ability to capture the post-yield and post-necking behavior observed in experiments up to ductile failure.
Navigated functional alignment total knee arthroplasty achieves reliable, reproducible and accurate results with high patient satisfaction
Authors: Hazratwala Kaushik , Gouk Conor , Wilkinson Matthew P. R. , O’Callaghan William B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The decision on which technique to perform a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become more complicated over the last decade. Perceived limitations of mechanical alignment (MA) and kinematic alignment (KA) have led to the development of the functional alignment (FA) philosophy. This study aims to report the 2-year results of an initial patient cohort in terms of revision rate, PROMs and complications for Computer Aided Surgery (CAS) Navigated FA TKA.

Methods
This paper reports a single surgeon’s outcomes of 165 consecutive CAS FA TKAs. The final follow-up was 24 months. Pre-operative and post-operative patient-reported outcome measures, WOMAC and KSS, and intra-operative CAS data, including alignment, kinematic curves, and gaps, are reported. Stress kinematic curves were analysed for correlation with CAS final alignment and CAS final alignment with radiographic long-leg alignment. Pre- and post-operative CPAK and knee phenotypes were recorded. Three different types of prostheses from two manufacturers were used, and outcomes were compared. Soft tissue releases, revision and complication data are also reported.

Results
Mean pre-operative WOMAC was 48.8 and 1.2 at the time of the final follow-up. KSS was 48.8 and 93.7, respectively. Pre- and post-operative range of motion was 118.6° and 120.1°, respectively. Pre-operative and final kinematic curve prediction had an accuracy of 91.8%. CAS data pre-operative stress alignment and final alignment strongly correlate in extension and flexion, r = 0.926 and 0.856, p < 0.001. No statistical outcome difference was detected between the types of prostheses. 14.5% of patients required soft tissue release, with the lateral release (50%) and posterior capsule (29%) being the most common.

Conclusion
CAS FA TKA in this cohort proved to be a predictable, reliable, and reproducible technique with acceptable short-term revision rates and high PROMs. FA can account for extremes in individual patient bony morphology and achieve desired gap and kinematic targets with soft tissue releases required in only 14.5% of patients.

Level of evidence
IV (retrospective case series review).
Effects of trunk neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the motor circuits of able-bodied individuals
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Cao Na , Yuasa Akiko , Popovic Milos R. , Nakazawa Kimitaka , Milosevic Matija 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUpper- and lower-limb neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is known to modulate the excitability of the neural motor circuits. However, it remains unclear whether short-duration trunk muscle NMES could achieve similar neuromodulation effects. We assessed motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited through transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex representation of the trunk extensor muscles to evaluate corticospinal excitability. Moreover, cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs) were assessed through cervicomedullary junction magnetic stimulation to evaluate subcortical excitability. Twelve able-bodied individuals participated in the MEP study, and another twelve in the CMEP study. During the interventions, NMES was applied bilaterally to activate the erector spinae muscle and produce intermittent contractions (20 s ON/20 s OFF) for a total of 20 min while participants remained seated. Assessments were performed: (i) before; (ii) during (in brief periods when NMES was OFF); and (iii) immediately after the interventions to compare MEP or CMEP excitability. Our results showed that MEP responses were not affected by trunk NMES, while CMEP responses were facilitated for approximately 8 min during the intervention, and returned to baseline before the end of the 20 min stimulating period. Our findings therefore suggest that short-duration NMES of the trunk extensor muscles likely does not affect the corticospinal excitability, but it has a potential to facilitate subcortical neural circuits immediately after starting the intervention. These findings indicate that short-duration application of NEMS may be helpful in rehabilitation to enhance neuromodulation of the trunk subcortical neural motor circuits.
Extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 prognosis, treatment, and vaccination: an update
Authors: Hernández-Díazcouder Adrián , Díaz-Godínez César , Carrero Julio César 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The lethality of the COVID 19 pandemic became the trigger for one of the most meteoric races on record in the search for strategies of disease control. Those include development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods, therapies to treat severe cases, and development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the latter responsible for the current relative control of the disease. However, the commercially available vaccines are still far from conferring protection against acquiring the infection, so the development of more efficient vaccines that can cut the transmission of the variants of concerns that currently predominate and those that will emerge is a prevailing need. On the other hand, considering that COVID 19 is here to stay, the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies is also desirable. In this sense, there has recently been a great interest in taking advantage of the benefits offered by extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane structures of nanoscale size that carry information between cells participating in this manner in many physiological homeostatic and pathological processes. The interest has been focused on the fact that EVs are relatively easy to obtain and manipulate, allowing the design of natural nanocarriers that deliver molecules of interest, as well as the information about the pathogens, which can be exploited for the aforementioned purposes. Studies have shown that infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces the release of EVs from different sources, including platelets, and that their increase in blood, as well as some of their markers, could be used as a prognosis of disease severity. Likewise, EVs from different sources are being used as the ideal carriers for delivering active molecules and drugs to treat the disease, as well as vaccine antigens. In this review, we describe the progress that has been made in these three years of pandemic regarding the use of EVs for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Key points
• Covid-19 still requires more effective and specific treatments and vaccines.
• The use of extracellular vesicles is emerging as an option with multiple advantages.
• Association of EVs with COVID 19 and engineered EVs for its control are presented.
Disparities in the Receipt of Recommended Curative Treatment for Patients with Early‐Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Rasic Gordana , de Geus Susanna W. L. , Papageorge Marianna V. , Woods Alison P. , Ng Sing Chau , McAneny David , Tseng Jennifer F. , Sachs Teviah E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the receipt of recommended care is critical for long‐term survival. Unfortunately, not all patients decide to undergo therapy. We sought to identify factors associated with the decision to decline recommended intervention among patients with early‐stage HCC.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with clinical stages I and II HCC (2004–2017). Cohorts were created based on the receipt or decline of recommended interventions–hepatectomy, liver transplantation, and ablation. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for declining intervention, and propensity score analysis was used to calculate the respective odds. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsOf 20,863 patients, 856 (4.1%) declined intervention. Patients who were documented as having declined intervention were more often Black (vs. other: OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.6; p = 0.0038), had Medicaid or no insurance (vs. Private, Medicare, or other government insurance): OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.6–2.3; p < 0.0001), lived in a low‐income area (vs. other: OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.7; p < 0.0001), and received treatment at a non‐academic center (vs. academic: OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9–2.5; p < 0.0001). Patients who declined recommended interventions had worse survival compared to those who received treatment (22.9 vs. 59.2 months; p < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsRacial and socioeconomic disparities persist in the decision to undergo recommended treatment. Underutilization of treatment acts as a barrier to addressing racial and socioeconomic disparities in early‐stage HCC outcomes.
The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke
Authors: Schädlich Ines Sophie , Winzer Riekje , Stabernack Joschi , Tolosa Eva , Magnus Tim , Rissiek Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 shape and balance the inflammatory environment by stepwise degrading extracellular ATP to adenosine which itself has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling properties. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mainly mediated through A1 receptors and inhibition of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, while the anti-inflammatory capacities of adenosine have been primarily attributed to A2A receptor activation on infiltrating immune cells in the subacute phase after stroke. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke, discuss contradictory results, and point out potential pitfalls towards translating therapeutic approaches from rodent stroke models to human patients.
The influence of culture and cognitive reserve on the clinical presentation of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Skeggs A. , Wei G. , Landin-Romero R. , Hodges J. R. , Piguet O. , Kumfor Fiona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharacterisation of the clinical profile of behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has predominantly been based on Western samples. Some small studies have suggested that the clinical profile may differ in culturally and linguistically diverse populations. Additionally, there is evidence that patients from non-English speaking backgrounds may have more cognitive reserve, allowing them to tolerate more disease pathology before clinical symptoms emerge. This study aims to characterise the clinical profiles of patients with bvFTD from culturally diverse backgrounds. BvFTD patients were classified as Australian-born (Australian) or Culturally and Linguistically Diverse-English-speaking (CALD-English) and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse-Language Other Than English (CALD-LOTE). Clinical features, cognitive test performance and cognitive reserve were compared between groups. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine the neural correlates of cognitive reserve. 107 patients with bvFTD (53 Australian, 36 CALD-English, 18 CALD-LOTE) and 51 controls were included. Analysis of neuropsychiatric features revealed more elation in Australian patients compared to CALD-English patients, with trends for CALD-LOTE patients to report more irritability. CALD-LOTE patients also had higher cognitive reserve and showed relatively greater verbal than non-verbal cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that higher cognitive reserve was associated with lower integrity in the frontal–temporal regions associated with typical disease pathology in bvFTD. Our findings support the hypothesis that cognitive reserve may delay early cognitive decline in culturally and linguistically diverse patients, although these patients may still show poor verbal performance due to cultural testing biases. Clinically, these results highlight the need to consider cultural and linguistic background to inform the assessment of dementia.
Understanding fluorescence time curves during ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with or without vascular ligation
Authors: Joosten J. J. , Slooter M. D. , van den Elzen R. M. , Bloemen P. R. , Laméris W. , de Bruin D. M. , Bemelman W. A. , Hompes R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) may be of added value during pouch surgery, in particular after vascular ligations as lengthening maneuver. The aim was to determine quantitative perfusion parameters within the efferent/afferent loop and explore the impact of vascular ligation. Perfusion parameters were also compared in patients with and without anastomotic leakage (AL).MethodsAll consenting patients that underwent FA-guided ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) between July 2020 and December 2021 were included. After intravenous bolus injection of 0.1 mg/kg ICG, the near-infrared camera (Stryker Aim 1688) registered the fluorescence intensity over time. Quantitative analysis of ICG-FA from standardized regions of interests on the pouch was performed using software. Fluorescence parameters were extracted for inflow (T0,Tmax,Fmax, slope, Time-to-peak) and outflow (T90%andT80%). Change of management related to FA findings and AL rates were recorded.ResultsTwenty-one patients were included, three patients (14%) required vascular ligation to obtain additional length, by ligating terminal ileal branches in two and the ileocolic artery (ICA) in one patient. In nine patients the ICA was already ligated during subtotal colectomy. ICG-FA triggered a change of management in 19% of patients (n = 4/21), all of them had impaired vascular supply (ligated ileocolic/ terminal ileal branches). Overall, patients with intact vascular supply had similar perfusion patterns for the afferent and efferent loop. Pouches with ICA ligation had longerTmaxin both afferent as efferent loop than pouches with intact ICA (afferent 51 and efferent 53 versus 41 and 43 s respectively). Mean slope of the efferent loop diminished in ICA ligated patients 1.5(IQR 0.8–4.4) versus 2.2 (1.3–3.6) in ICA intact patients.ConclusionQuantitative analysis of ICG-FA perfusion during IPAA is feasible and reflects the ligation of the supplying vessels.
Comorbidities and their management in women with breast cancer—an Australian survey of breast cancer survivors
Authors: Koczwara Bogda , Meng Rosie , Battersby Malcolm , Mangoni Arduino A. , Spence Danielle , Lawn Sharon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose

Breast cancer survivors experience significant burden from comorbid chronic conditions, but little is known about how well these conditions are managed. We conducted a national survey of Australian breast cancer survivors to examine the burden of chronic conditions, their impact and care alignment with the principles of chronic condition management.

Methods
A study-specific survey incorporated questions about chronic conditions using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), functional status using the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES) and perceived quality of care for cancer and non-cancer conditions using the Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions Survey (PACIC). Members of Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA) were invited via email to complete the survey either online or through direct mail.

Results
The survey was sent to 2198 BCNA members and 177 responses were received (8.1%). Respondents were women aged 32–88 years (median 60.1 years). The majority were married (116; 67.7%) and had private insurance (137; 80.0%) and reported good to excellent health (119; 73.5%). Other health conditions were reported by 157 (88.7%), the most common being chronic pain (27.1%) and fatigue (22.0%). When asked about management of comorbidities or cancer, less than 20% were routinely asked about management goals, helped to set goals or asked about health habits.

Conclusions
In this population of survivors with good health status and high rates of private insurance, comorbidities were common and their management, as well as management of breast cancer, was poorly aligned with chronic condition management principles.