bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact diagonalization for a 16-site spin-1/2 pyrochlore cluster
Authors: Wei C , Curnoe S H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We find exact solutions to the Hamiltonian of a 16-site spin-1/2 pyrochlore cluster with nearest neighbour exchange interactions. The methods of group theory (symmetry) are used to completely block-diagonalize the Hamiltonian, yielding precise details about symmetry of the eigenstates, in particular those components which are spin ice states, in order to evaluate the spin ice density at finite temperature. At low enough temperatures, a ‘perturbed’ spin ice phase, where the ‘2-in-2-out’ ice rule is largely obeyed, is clearly outlined within the four parameter space of the general model of exchange interactions. The quantum spin ice phase is expected to exist within these boundaries.
A new fault diagnosis method for wheelset-bearing system based on VME convergence tendency diagram
Authors: Li Cuixing , Liu Yongqiang , Liu Zechao , Liu Wenpeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the difficulty of accurate diagnosis of wheelset-bearing system composite faults, a multi-fault feature extraction method based on self-adaptive variational mode extraction (SAVME) was proposed. Variational mode extraction (VME) can extract a specific sub-signal from a multi-component signal. The key to the success of this algorithm is to determine appropriate initial parameters in advance, including initial center frequency (ICF) and penalty factor. To determine the key parameters of VME adaptively, the convergence characteristics of VME are analyzed deeply, and the VME convergence tendency diagram is proposed creatively according to the trend of the iterative curve of the center frequency of the desired mode. By analyzing the test signal with the VME convergence tendency diagram, the number of main latent sub-signals in the test signal and the ICF of each sub-signal corresponding to the VME can be determined efficiently. Then, according to the position of the ICF of each sub-signal in the frequency domain, the empirical formula of the penalty factor is used to quickly obtain the appropriate penalty factor. The proposed SAVME method not only improves the parameter selection adaptability of the traditional VME algorithm but also extends the VME algorithm to the field of multi-fault diagnosis. By analyzing the simulated signal and two experimental signals, the effectiveness of the SAVME algorithm is verified. Compared with the fast kurtogram method and the adaptive variational mode decomposition method, the proposed method is more accurate and superior in the multi-fault feature extraction of the wheelset-bearing system.
Bubble nucleation in a cold spin 1 gas
Authors: Billam Thomas P , Brown Kate , Moss Ian G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cold atomic gases offer the prospect of simulating the physics of the very early Universe in the laboratory. In the condensate phase, the gas is described by a field theory with key features of high energy particle theory. This paper describes a three level system which undergoes a first order phase transition through the nucleation of bubbles. The theoretical investigation shows bubbles nucleating in two dimensions at non-zero temperature. There is good agreement between the bubble nucleation rates calculated from a stochastic projected Gross–Pitaevskii equation and from a non-perturbative instanton method. When an optical box trap is included in the simulations, the bubbles nucleate preferentially near the walls of the trap.
Intrinsic topological metal state in T-graphene
Authors: Yan Liang , Zhang Di , Wang Xu-Jin , Yan Jie-Yun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An intrinsic topological metal (TM) state is found in the T-graphene, a monolayer with both the time-reversal symmetry and the four-fold symmetry. The state distinguishes itself by the nontrivial electric polarization from the ordinary metals and features with two local edge states in the corresponding nanoribbons. The TM state is confirmed as a transition state bridging the ordinary metal state and the topological insulator state when the relative neighboring hoppings change in the lattice. The topological nature is further verified by checking the robustness of transport property against randomly-introduced strong disorders. The fact that the multiple topological states indexed by different parameters coexist in such a practical system shows a broad prospect in versatile topological transport devices.
Hybrid α-attractors, primordial black holes and gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Braglia Matteo , Linde Andrei , Kallosh Renata , Finelli Fabio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the two-stage inflation regime in the theory of hybrid cosmological
α-attractors. The spectrum of inflationary perturbations is compatible with the latest
Planck/BICEP/Keck Array results, thanks to the attractor properties of the model. However, at
smaller scales, it may have a very high peak of controllable width and position, leading to a
copious production of primordial black holes (PBH) and generation of a stochastic background of
gravitational waves (SGWB).
Phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters
Authors: Gao Yuanfei , Lai Jia-Min , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Quantum emitters are widely used in quantum networks, quantum information processing, and quantum sensing due to their excellent optical properties. Compared with Stokes excitation, quantum emitters under anti-Stokes excitation exhibit better performance. In addition to laser cooling and nanoscale thermometry, anti-Stokes excitation can improve the coherence of single-photon sources for advanced quantum technologies. In this review, we follow the recent advances in phonon-assisted upconversion photoluminescence of quantum emitters and discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and prospects for quantum emitters with anti-Stokes excitation.
Long wavelength interband cascade photodetector with type II InAs/GaSb superlattice absorber
Authors: Yan Shaolong , Huang Jianliang , Xue Ting , Zhang Yanhua , Ma Wenquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report on a long wavelength interband cascade photodetector with type II InAs/GaSb superlattice absorber. The device is a three-stage interband cascade structure. At 77 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength of the detector is 8.48 μm and the peak photoresponse wavelength is 7.78 μm. The peak responsivity is 0.93 A/W and the detectivity D* is 1.12 × 1011 cm·Hz0.5/W for 7.78 μm at –0.20 V. The detector can operate up to about 260 K. At 260 K, the 50% cutoff wavelength is 11.52 μm, the peak responsivity is 0.78 A/W and the D* is 5.02 × 108 cm·Hz0.5/W for the peak wavelength of 10.39 μm at –2.75 V. The dark current of the device is dominated by the diffusion current under both a small bias voltage of –0.2 V and a large one of –2.75 V for the temperature range of 120 to 260 K.
Application of nano-patterned InGaN fabricated by self-assembled Ni nano-masks in green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Peng Ruoshi , Xu Shengrui , Fan Xiaomeng , Tao Hongchang , Su Huake , Gao Yuan , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The nano-patterned InGaN film was used in green InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structure, to relieve the unpleasantly existing mismatch between high indium content InGaN and GaN, as well as to enhance the light output. The different self-assembled nano-masks were formed on InGaN by annealing thin Ni layers of different thicknesses. Whereafter, the InGaN films were etched into nano-patterned films. Compared with the green MQWs structure grown on untreated InGaN film, which on nano-patterned InGaN had better luminous performance. Among them the MQWs performed best when 3 nm thick Ni film was used as mask, because that optimally balanced the effects of nano-patterned InGaN on the crystal quality and the light output.
A new DRIE cut-off material in SOG MEMS process
Authors: Si Chaowei , Fu Yingchun , Han Guowei , Zhao Yongmei , Ning Jin , Wei Zhenyu , Yang Fuhua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The silicon on glasses process is a common preparation method of micro-electro-mechanical system inertial devices, which can realize the processing of thick silicon structures. This paper proposes that indium tin oxides (ITO) film can serve as a deep silicon etching cut-off layer because ITO is less damaged under the attack of fluoride ions. ITO has good electrical conductivity and can absorb fluoride ions for silicon etching and reduce the reflection of fluoride ions, thus reducing the foot effect. The removal and release of ITO use an acidic solution, which does not damage the silicon structure. Therefore, the selection of the sacrificial layer has an excellent effect in maintaining the shape of the MEMS structure. This method is used in the preparation of MEMS accelerometers with a structure thickness of 100 μm and a feature size of 4 μm. The over-etching of the bottom of the silicon structure caused by the foot effect is negligible. The difference between the simulated value and the designed value of the device characteristic frequency is less than 5%. This indicates that ITO is an excellent deep silicon etch stopper material.
Moiré modulation of lattice strains in PdTe2 quantum Films
Authors: Cook Jacob , Halbertal Dorri , Lu Qiangsheng , Zhang Xiaoqian , Conner Clayton , Watson Geoff , Snyder Matthew , Pollard Mathew , Hor Yew San , Basov Dmitri N , Bian Guang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report the epitaxial growth of PdTe2 ultrathin films on a topological insulator Bi2Se3. A prominent moiré pattern was observed in scanning tunneling microscope measurements. The moiré periodicity increases as film thickness decreases, indicating a lattice expansion of epitaxial PdTe2 thin films at lower thicknesses. In addition, our simulations based on a multilayer relaxation technique reveal uniaxial lattice strains at the edge of PdTe2 domains, and anisotropic strain distributions throughout the moiré supercell with a net change in lattice strain up to ∼2.9%. Our density functional theory calculations show that this strain effect leads to a narrowing of the band gap at Γ point near the Fermi level. Under a strain of ∼2.8%, the band gap at Γ closes completely. Further increasing the lattice strain makes the band gap reopen and the order of conduction band and valence bands inverted in energy. The experimental and theoretical results shed light on a method for constructing quantum grids of topological band structure under the modulation of moiré potentials.
Comparative environmental assessment of limestone calcined clay cements and typical blended cements
Authors: Martinez Daniela M , Horvath Arpad , Monteiro Paulo J M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Decarbonization of the cement and concrete industries is one of the top priorities on the path to a carbon-neutral economy. This article presents a novel model for evaluating the emissions from the production of metakaolin (MK) as a supplementary cementitious material used in ternary blended cements (e.g., 35% metakaolin, 15% limestone, and 50% portland cement) and an accompanying decisions-support tool (MKC-Tool). Applications with a case study in California showed 36%–39% reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ternary blends with MK compared to portland cement. Compared to commercially available blended cements, the ternary blend showed the lowest global warming potential. All the cements containing fly ash showed higher GHG intensities than the ternary blend (16%–42% higher GHG emissions). The development of cements made with portland cement, metakaolin, and limestone at an industrial scale will have the potential to contribute 5%–50% to the global reduction of GHG emissions from the cement industry.
Probe microscopy is all you need
*
Authors: Kalinin Sergei V , Vasudevan Rama , Liu Yongtao , Ghosh Ayana , Roccapriore Kevin , Ziatdinov Maxim 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We pose that microscopy offers an ideal real-world experimental environment for the development and deployment of active Bayesian and reinforcement learning methods. Indeed, the tremendous progress achieved by machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence over the last decade has been largely achieved via the utilization of static data sets, from the paradigmatic MNIST to the bespoke corpora of text and image data used to train large models such as GPT3, DALL·E and others. However, it is now recognized that continuous, minute improvements to state-of-the-art do not necessarily translate to advances in real-world applications. We argue that a promising pathway for the development of ML methods is via the route of domain-specific deployable algorithms in areas such as electron and scanning probe microscopy and chemical imaging. This will benefit both fundamental physical studies and serve as a test bed for more complex autonomous systems such as robotics and manufacturing. Favorable environment characteristics of scanning and electron microscopy include low risk, extensive availability of domain-specific priors and rewards, relatively small effects of exogenous variables, and often the presence of both upstream first principles as well as downstream learnable physical models for both statics and dynamics. Recent developments in programmable interfaces, edge computing, and access to application programming interfaces (APIs) facilitating microscope control, all render the deployment of ML codes on operational microscopes straightforward. We discuss these considerations and hope that these arguments will lead to create novel set of development targets for the ML community by accelerating both real world ML applications and scientific progress.
Resilience as Part of Recovery: The Views of Those with Experiences of Psychosis, and Learning for British Mental Health Social Work Practice. A Scoping Review
Authors: Bark Harry 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is a significant diversity in approach to ‘resilience’ in the context of mental health recovery following experiences of psychosis, varying from clinically measurable outcomes to a personal trait within a recovery ‘journey’. Given the contested nature of resilience within mental health literature, this study aimed to complete a scoping review to synthesise understandings of resilience by individuals with experiences of psychosis. Drawing on the holistic and person-centred principles that underpin social work approaches to mental distress, these perspectives are considered in the statutory, policy and critical contexts of British social work, establishing learning for practice. A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies was completed, drawing on searches of five databases (Social Care Online, APA PsychInfo, Cinahl, Medline and Web of Science), identifying twelve relevant papers. A thematic analysis identified three overarching themes (personal, social and professional factors) and eight associated sub-themes (personal responsibility, use of experience, coping strategies, peer support, social relationships, contribution, relationships with professionals and structured support). The study identifies systemic and life-course approaches as empowering service user engagements with psychosis, recovery and resilience, suggesting that the social work profession is well placed to engage with resilience enhancement in the context of mental health recovery.
Bayesian network meta-analysis of head-to-head trials for complete resolution of nail psoriasis
Authors: Husein-ElAhmed Husein , Husein-ElAhmed Sara 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Almost 50% of patients with skin psoriasis have concomitant nail involvement. The comparative effectiveness of the available biologics for nail psoriasis (NP) is still an area of contention because of limited data on nails.

Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of biologics in achieving complete resolution of NP.

Methods
We identified studies in PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus. The eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trial (RCTs) or cohort studies for psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis with at least two arms of active comparator of biologic reporting at least one efficacy outcome of interest: that is the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), the modified NAPSI or the Physician's Global Assessment of Fingernail Psoriasis with a score of 0.

Results
Fourteen studies comprising seven treatments met the inclusion criteria, and were included in the NMA. The NMA showed the odds of complete NP resolution were superior with ixekizumab [risk ratio (RR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–3.10] compared with the treatment of reference (adalimumab). Brodalumab (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.14–7.40), guselkumab (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.40–1.80), infliximab (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.19–4.60) and ustekinumab (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08–1.60) demonstrated worse therapeutic effect compared with adalimumab. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, ixekizumab 80 mg every 4 weeks had the highest probability of being the best treatment.

Conclusions
The interleukin-17A inhibitor ixekizumab has the highest rate of complete nail clearance and it can be considered the best-ranked therapy from the present evidence. This study is relevant to daily practice as it facilitates the decision when choosing between the wide variety of available biologics in patients for whom clearance of nail symptoms is the first concern.
The association between kidney function, cognitive function, and structural brain abnormalities in community-dwelling individuals aged 50+ is mediated by age and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Nowak Natalia , De Looze Celine , O’Halloran Aisling , Kenny Rose Anne , Sexton Donal J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cognitive impairment has been associated with kidney function and chronic kidney disease. Whether this association is due to accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD) or an independent specific kidney function effect related to toxins is unclear. We investigated the impact of an array of clinical factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and cardiovascular biomarkers on the association between kidney function, cognitive function, and structural brain abnormalities.

Methods and results
We used data from the first and third waves of the TILDA Study, a population-representative prospective cohort of Irish adults aged 50 years and over, based on stratified random sampling (n = 3774). The MRI sub-study included participants who consented to MRI brain imaging in addition to the health assessment. Multivariable linear and mixed-effect longitudinal regression models were fitted separately for each kidney marker/estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation after adjusting for baseline age and demographics, clinical vascular risk factors, and biomarkers. Unadjusted analyses showed an association between low eGFR, cognitive dysfunction, and cognitive decline (P &lt; 0.001 for all kidney markers). Kidney function markers were also associated with white matter disease [OR = 3.32 (95% CI: 1.11, 9.98)], total grey matter volume (β = -0.17, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.07), and regional grey matter volumes within areas particularly susceptible to hypoxia (P &lt; 0.001 for all). All the associations decreased after adjusting for age and were also diminished after adjusting for CVD biomarkers. Age and CVD-biomarker score were significant mediators of the adjusted associations between eGFR and cognitive status. These results remained consistent for cross-sectional and longitudinal outcomes and specific cognitive domains.

Conclusion
Decreased kidney function was associated with cerebrovascular disease. The association appeared to be mediated predominantly by age and the combination of CVD markers [namely N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15)], supporting the idea that shared biological pathways underline both diseases. Further mechanistic studies of the specific molecular mechanisms that lead to both kidney and cognitive decline are warranted.
Childbirth fear in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic: key predictors and associated birth outcomes
Authors: Thayer Z M , Geisel-Zamora S A , Uwizeye G , Gildner T E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and objectives
Childbirth fear, which has been argued to have an adaptive basis, exists on a spectrum. Pathologically high levels of childbirth fear is a clinical condition called tokophobia. As a chronic stressor in pregnancy, tokophobia could impact birth outcomes. Many factors associated with tokophobia, including inadequate labor support, were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology
We used longitudinally collected data from a convenience sample of 1775 pregnant persons in the USA to evaluate the association between general and COVID-19 pandemic-related factors and tokophobia using the fear of birth scale. We also assessed associations between tokophobia, low birth weight and preterm birth when adjusting for cesarean section and other covariates among a subset of participants (N = 993).

Results
Tokophobia was highly prevalent (62%). Mothers who self-identified as Black (odds ratio (OR) = 1.90), had lower income (OR = 1.39), had less education (OR = 1.37), had a high-risk pregnancy (OR = 1.65) or had prenatal depression (OR = 4.95) had significantly higher odds of tokophobia. Concerns about how COVID-19 could negatively affect maternal and infant health and birth experience were also associated with tokophobia (ORs from 1.51 to 1.79). Tokophobia was significantly associated with increased odds of giving birth preterm (OR = 1.93).

Conclusions and implications
Tokophobia increases the odds of preterm birth and is more prevalent among individuals who are Black, have a lower income, and have less education. Tokophobia may, therefore, be an underappreciated contributor to inequities in US birth outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic likely compounded these effects.
Control of light-dependent behaviour in cyanobacteria by the second messenger cyclic di-GMP
Authors: Enomoto Gen , Wallner Thomas , Wilde Annegret 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nucleotide-derived signalling molecules control a wide range of cellular processes in all organisms. The bacteria-specific cyclic dinucleotide c-di-GMP plays a crucial role in regulating motility-to-sessility transitions, cell cycle progression, and virulence. Cyanobacteria are phototrophic prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis and are widespread microorganisms that colonize almost all habitats on Earth. In contrast to photosynthetic processes that are well understood, the behavioural responses of cyanobacteria have rarely been studied in detail. Analyses of cyanobacterial genomes have revealed that they encode a large number of proteins that are potentially involved in the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP. Recent studies have demonstrated that c-di-GMP coordinates many different aspects of the cyanobacterial lifestyle, mostly in a light-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of light-regulated c-di-GMP signalling systems in cyanobacteria. Specifically, we highlight the progress made in understanding the most prominent behavioural responses of the model cyanobacterial strains Thermosynechococcus vulcanus and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We discuss why and how cyanobacteria extract crucial information from their light environment to regulate ecophysiologically important cellular responses. Finally, we emphasize the questions that remain to be addressed.