bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperoside prevents doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting NOXs/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Shanshan , Ma Wanjun , Jiang Chuanhao , Liu Jiaqin , Liu Jian , Zhang Bikui , Li Wenqun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) in cancer chemotherapy is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Present study aimed to demonstrate the effect and mechanism of hyperoside in Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. C57BL/6 mice were injected with 12 mg/kg of Dox, and 1 μM Dox was exposed to primary cardiomyocytes. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiographic and myocardial enzyme levels. Cardiomyocyts apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were utilized to explore potential targets of hyperoside. Protein expressions were detected by western blot and enzyme activities were determined by colorimetry. Cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by Dox were attenuated by hyperoside. Mechanism of hyperoside was mainly related to “oxidative stress” pathway. Hyperoside exhibited strong binding activities with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs, the main source of ROS in cardiomyocytes) and cyclooxygenases (COXs). Experiments proved that hyperoside suppressed the ROS generation and the elevated activities of NOXs and COXs induced by Dox. Dox also triggered the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which was reversed by hyperoside. Hyperoside bound to NOXs and COXs, which prevents Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting NOXs/ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Hyperoside holds promise as a therapeutic strategy for Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Improved criteria for evaluating impact targets in regulative drop tests of dangerous goods packagings
Authors: Lengas Nikolaos , Müller Karsten , Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Neitsch Marcel , Johann Sergej , Zehn Manfred W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor dangerous goods packagings, drop testing onto an essential unyielding target can be used to assess the mechanical resistance to impact loads. Adopted regulations like Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)/Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID) require that the impact surface provided shall be integral with a mass at least 50 times than that of the heaviest package to be tested. The problem is that many manufacturers do not possess impact targets that satisfy the required 50 times mass ratio for regulative drop tests during series production. The objective of this work is to verify existing and define improved criteria for impact target structures based on systematic investigations. Previous evidence highlights the relevance of other parameters in addition to the mass ratio. Therefore, in this research, a variation of drop test parameters was carried out experimentally. Furthermore, numerical vibration analysis was applied to investigate the deformability of the impact surface. The results conclude that the mass ratio of 1:50 cannot be defined as a decisive criterion. In order to determine the influence of further drop test parameters, the research findings were used to validate a parametric model that assesses impact target deflection. An approximation quality of over 90% was achieved. As a result, new evaluation criteria are proposed. First, a method for identifying critical impact target designs is provided. Second, a new comprehensive formula compares the approximated maximum deflection of a real impact target to the respective theoretical threshold derived from a worst‐case assumption. In practice, this leads to great advantages in the evaluation of already installed impact targets for dangerous goods packagings.
Relative contributions of local heat storage and ocean heat transport to cold‐season Arctic Ocean surface energy fluxes in CMIP6 models
Authors: Hajjar Khaled al , Salzmann Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Arctic near‐surface air temperature increases most strongly during the cold season, and ocean heat storage has often been cited as a crucial component in linking the ice‐albedo radiative feedback, which is active in summer, and near‐surface air temperature increase in winter, when the lapse rate feedback contributes to Arctic warming. Here, we first estimate how much local heat storage and ocean heat transport contribute to net surface energy fluxes on a seasonal scale in CMIP6 models. We then compare contributions in a base state under weak anthropogenic forcing to a near‐present‐day state in which significant Arctic amplification is simulated. Our analysis indicates that, in a few regions, ocean heat transport plays a larger role for cold‐season net surface energy fluxes compared with local heat storage. Analyzing differences between past and near‐present‐day conditions suggests that the lapse rate feedback, which mainly acts during the cold season in warm water inflow regions, may be more strongly influenced than previously thought by increased ocean heat transport from lower latitudes.
Stability mechanisms and air temperature advection on the marine atmospheric boundary layer modulation at the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Cabrera Mylene Jaen , Pezzi Luciano Ponzi , Santini Marcelo Freitas , Sutil Ueslei Adriano , Aravéquia José Antonio , de Camargo Ricardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrostatic adjustment and vertical mixing are the two main mechanisms used to describe the stability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in oceanic regions with intense horizontal temperature gradients. To analyze the occurrence of these mechanisms, we performed simulations using an active coupled regional ocean–atmosphere numerical model in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) region in October 2014 in the presence of an atmospheric frontal system. A novel in‐situ dataset was sampled by radiosondes in the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence (BMC) region and used with the model dataset. The vertical mixing mechanism and a prefrontal warm‐air temperature advection were identified, which modulated the shallower and more stable MABL. The hydrostatic adjustment mechanism was not evident because of the near‐surface wind convergence field modification caused by the large‐scale atmospheric system observed in our experiment. The coupled model simulation presented good agreement compared to in‐situ and satellite data. This contribution to the knowledge of the ocean–atmosphere interaction processes at the SWA reinforced that coupled models can be a helpful tool to investigate the air–sea interactions and physical mechanisms that explain MABL stability.
Predicting the extent of andic soils across western Haleakalā, Maui
Authors: Hodges Ryan C. , Boettinger Janis L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaui is one of five Hawaiian Islands affected by orographic climate effect, exhibiting a massive precipitation gradient across western Haleakalā. However, high variability of volcanic ash deposits as a parent material across the study area complicates the ability to isolate the influence of climate on soil formation. Little is documented about the spatial extent of ash deposition, frequency and intensity of volcanic ejecta events, and composition of ash. Therefore, andic soils, which contain short range order (SRO) aluminosilicates and iron oxides that result in unique soil chemical and physical properties, are challenging to map. Using environmental and andic property data from 16 pedons sampled in the study area—bulk density, phosphate retention, and aluminum plus ½ iron extracted by ammonium oxalate—we applied multiple linear regression to create spatial prediction models of these three soil properties. Predicted soil properties were then used to classify andic soils. The mean prediction for an independent set of pedons showed a soil classification accuracy of 50% in the study area for Andisols (data to 60 cm), andic intergrades (data to 75 cm), and non‐andic soils. Soil property predictions using depth‐weighted average data to 1 m increased soil classification user accuracy of Andisols to 87.5%, andic‐intergrades to 100%, and non‐andic soils to 83.3%. Whether a soil exhibits andic soil properties within 60 or 75 cm is irrelevant when considering prior or current presence of ash in a soil. Accounting for all available pedon data with depth proves most important when attempting to predict andic properties and classes.
Southern politics, southern power prices: Race, utility regulation, and the value of energy
Authors: Phillips Kristin D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor many middle‐income households, paying the electricity bill is a mundane, even mindless, act. But for an ever‐increasing number of low‐income families, the electricity bill—filtered through the racialized materiality of poor‐quality housing stock and antidemocratic price regulation—represents something more ominous: looming disconnection, eviction, and a deep spin of vulnerabilities. This article explores the materiality of race in the US South through the prism of southern utilities and maps the political landscape on which contestations over the value of energy are taking place. I ask, how do different conceptualizations of value by utilities, regulators, and energy justice advocates figure into the price of energy and racialized dispossession in the Deep South? I draw attention to the highly elaborated narrative politics of the value of Georgia Power's energy. In conversation with recent anthropological debates about value and “the just price,” I argue that Georgia Power's monopoly on public power engages and reinforces the racialized political economy of the South to produce high home energy prices for low‐income families. But it also provokes a decryption of these energy prices by energy justice advocates that connects the silent violence of energy injustice to people's everyday experiences of extractive utility bills.
Continuous Vat Photopolymerization for Optical Lens Fabrication
Authors: Xu Han , Chen Shuai , Hu Renzhi , Hu Muqun , Xu Yang , Yoon Yeowon , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOptical lenses require feature resolution and surface roughness that are beyond most (3D) printing methods. A new continuous projection‐based vat photopolymerization process is reported that can directly shape polymer materials into optical lenses with microscale dimensional accuracy (< 14.7 µm) and nanoscale surface roughness (< 20 nm) without post‐processing. The main idea is to utilize frustum layer stacking, instead of the conventional 2.5D layer stacking, to eliminate staircase aliasing. A continuous change of mask images is achieved using a zooming‐focused projection system to generate the desired frustum layer stacking with controlled slant angles. The dynamic control of image size, objective and imaging distances, and light intensity involved in the zooming‐focused continuous vat photopolymerization are systematically investigated. The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed process. The 3D‐printed optical lenses with various designs, including parabolic lenses, fisheye lenses, and a laser beam expander, are fabricated with a surface roughness of 3.4 nm without post‐processing. The dimensional accuracy and optical performance of the 3D‐printed compound parabolic concentrators and fisheye lenses within a few millimeters are investiagted. These results highlight the rapid and precise nature of this novel manufacturing process, demonstrating a promising avenue for future optical component and device fabrication.
DUPLETS: Deformability‐Assisted Dual‐Particle Encapsulation Via Electrically Activated Sorting
Authors: Zhong Jianwei , Liang Minhui , Ai Ye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCo‐encapsulation of bead carriers and biological cells in microfluidics has become a powerful technique for various biological assays in single‐cell genomics and drug screening because of its distinct capability of single‐cell confinement. However, current co‐encapsulation approaches exist a trade‐off between cell/bead pairing rate and probability of multiple cells in individual droplets, significantly limiting the effective throughput of single‐paired cell‐bead droplets production. Deformability‐assisted dUal‐Particle encapsuLation via Electrically acTivated Sorting (DUPLETS) system is reported to overcome this problem. The DUPLETS can differentiate the encapsulated content in individual droplets and sort out targeted droplets via a combined screening of mechanical and electrical characteristics of single droplets in label‐free manners and with the highest effective throughput in comparison to current commercial platforms. The DUPLETS has been demonstrated to enrich single‐paired cell‐bead droplets to over 80% (above eightfold higher than current co‐encapsulation techniques). It eliminates multicell droplets to 0.1% whereas up to ≈24% in 10× Chromium. It is believed that merging DUPLETS into the current co‐encapsulation platforms can meaningfully elevate sample quality in terms of high purity of single‐paired cell‐bead droplets, low fraction of multicell droplets, and high cell viability, which can benefit a multitude of biological assay applications.
A Self‐Regenerating Artificial Cell, that is One Step Closer to Living Cells: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Tror Seangly , Jeon SeonMin , Nguyen Huong Thanh , Huh Eunjin , Shin Kwanwoo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractControllable, self‐regenerating artificial cells (SRACs) can be a vital advancement in the field of synthetic biology, which seeks to create living cells by recombining various biological molecules in the lab. This represents, more importantly, the first step on a long journey toward creating reproductive cells from rather fragmentary biochemical mimics. However, it is still a difficult task to replicate the complex processes involved in cell regeneration, such as genetic material replication and cell membrane division, in artificially created spaces. This review highlights recent advances in the field of controllable, SRACs and the strategies to achieve the goal of creating such cells. Self‐regenerating cells start by replicating DNA and transferring it to a location where proteins can be synthesized. Functional but essential proteins must be synthesized for sustained energy generation and survival needs and function in the same liposomal space. Finally, self‐division and repeated cycling lead to autonomous, self‐regenerating cells. The pursuit of controllable, SRACs will enable authors to make bold advances in understanding life at the cellular level, ultimately providing an opportunity to use this knowledge to understand the nature of life.
A nomenclatural review of the name Echinocactus williamsii (Lophophora williamsii): Correct author and year of publication
Authors: Calvo Joel , Benítez Guillermo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLophophora williamsii (Lem. ex J.F.Cels) J.M.Coult., known under the vernacular name peyote, is one of the most popular and well‐known cactus because of its powerful psychoactive properties. Nonetheless, the authority of its basionym, Echinocactus williamsii Lem. ex J.F.Cels, has erroneously been attributed to Joseph zu Salm‐Reifferscheid‐Dyck and dated from 1845. Herein, we bring to light that the first description was provided by the French horticulturist Jean François Cels in 1842. A historical review of the nomenclature behind this species is provided and the name neotypified. Given that the later isonym by Salm‐Reifferscheid‐Dyck is being proposed for conservation, the implications of our finding are discussed.
A Multiliteracies Classroom Ecology for Elementary Bilingual Language Learners
Authors: Curiel Lucía Cárdenas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn here, I provide a description of a multiliteracies elementary classroom's ecology according to how an elementary bilingual teacher and bilingual language learners in her classroom interact and engage with traditional (linguistic) and alternative (multimodal) texts in language arts. This multiliteracies classroom ecology shows their dynamic language interactions through their biliteracy practices. I first outline some examples of biliteracy events and practices by describing traditional texts (written or oral) and the media (materials) in which the disciplinary knowledge is represented, and then show the biliteracy practices familiar in their bilingual classroom. Finally, I describe a multiliteracies approach to teaching and learning and the important reasons to include and implement this approach for the benefit of bilingual language learners.
Crooke's cell pituitary adenoma in a 7‐month‐old dog with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Teyssandier Santiago , Galac Sara , Figurelli Silvina , Kooistra Hans S. , Soler Arias Elber Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 7‐month‐old Boxer puppy was referred for growth retardation. Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed based on clinical signs, physical appearance, elevated urine cortisol/creatinine ratios and unsuppressed plasma cortisol after a low dose of dexamethasone. At the time, there was no evidence of pituitary or adrenal neoplasia on imaging studies. After 60 days of trilostane treatment, the clinical signs of Cushing's syndrome had disappeared. Thirty months later, the dog died of cardiac disease. Pathological examination revealed a pituitary macroadenoma with bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia. Immunostaining for adrenocorticotropic hormone confirmed a corticotroph adenoma. High Ki‐67 staining denoted the aggressiveness of the tumour. Haematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid‐Schiff and cytokeratin 7 staining revealed a perinuclear hyaline ring in the neoplastic cells, compatible with a Crooke's cell adenoma. This is the first case of Crooke's cell pituitary adenoma causing Cushing's syndrome in a puppy with growth retardation.
Keys to Interpreting the International Cooperation of the EU for the Special Jurisdiction for Peace
Authors: Ospina-Pedraza Ana María , Benavides-Vanegas Farid Samir , Bonilla-Montenegro Julián Darío 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chapter examines the origins and nature of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), and the role that international cooperation has had in its consolidation. Specifically, the chapter looks at the Colombian model of transitional justice and the mode of investigation ofsystem crimesby the JEP, throwing light on the technical aspects pertaining to its work. The chapter argues that although the country has seen different forms of international cooperation, that proceeding from the European Union in recent years has been central insofar as it helped consolidate the institutions of the JEP and shielded the Comprehensive System for Peace from political attacks from the government. Nonetheless, the chapter also presents a critical perspective on international cooperation in support of peacebuilding institutions, since the funds that sustain the functioning of the JEP do not proceed from the sovereign state implementing the peace accords.
The European Union: A Strategic Partner for Colombia’s Truth Commission
Authors: Rodríguez Triana Tania Esperanza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the political, technical and financial support provided by the EU to one of the institutions of the transitional justice system created as part of the Peace Agreement: the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-recurrence. The implementation of the Agreement, and transnational justice in particular, have faced at least three challenges: (i) in carrying out its mission, while communicating progress effectively so that the public understands its importance, building hope for a peaceful future; (ii) in ensuring its methods guarantee the broadest possible access for the country’s victims to ensure the political legitimacy of its results; and (iii) in guaranteeing that there are sufficient resources for this to take place. Understanding these challenges, the EU has been a strategic partner of the institutions of the Comprehensive System, especially the Truth Commission. It has also allowed the Commission to expand its territorial presence, making it more accessible to victims and ensuring plural listening, which has formed the basis of the method for clarifying the truth and helped boost the impact of the communication processes in Colombian society.
Pathways and Obstacles in Colombia's Quest for Peace
Authors: Paladini-Adell Borja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolitical violence has characterised the process of building the Colombian nation-state for several centuries, as in many other countries. Despite this reality, peace has become the main political motor for the consolidation of the nation-state over the last 40 years, and the elimination once and for all of political violence is the driving force behind this process. Important sectors of the Colombian population have sought to consolidate a democratic state that guarantees rights by eliminating political violence as a leading mechanism in the processes of change—both that exercised by the state and political elites, and that exercised by those who want to subvert power. In this chapter I analyse and focus on the pathways and obstacles in the search for peace in Colombia. I also analyse the main dynamics of the political project of peace as a means to completing the consolidation of the Colombian nation-state by taking political violence out of the equation. This peacebuilding process has been led by Colombians, but, the international community, including the European Union, has played a crucial role in accompanying this quest.
Multilevel Support for the Process for the Reincorporation of FARC-EP: The Experience of the EU Trust Fund
Authors: Madridejos Ornilla Carlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe European Union has become a key political partner for the implementation of the Peace Agreement signed between the government of Colombia and the FARC-EP guerrilla organization at the end of 2016. The Trust Fund, consisting of 130 million euros and involving 23 countries, has become a highly useful instrument for inter-institutional articulation and investment coordination. One of its strategic priorities is to promote the process of reincorporating ex-combatants and accompanying their return to civil life. With that objective, a multidimensional focus has been adopted, which combines different forms of cooperation, logics of intervention and levels of work (territorial, national and institutional). This strategy, which is novel due to its integral and multilevel character, has been developed in a context that is highly volatile, polarized and fragile, and it could enrich or serve as a reference for other peace processes at the international level. The chapter describes the theoretical-practical focus adopted by the EU and the partners in the implementation of the Peace Agreement, and highlights the different strengths, weaknesses and lessons identified during the research.