bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the pretreatment lung immune prognostic index with immune checkpoint inhibitor outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Tao , Guo Yusheng , Sun Bo , Chen Lei , Ren Yanqiao , Zhu Licheng , Zhang Lijie , Liu Yiming , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate whether the pretreatment Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is associated with outcomes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients under ICI.

Methods
A two-center retrospective study of patients with HCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between January 2018 and January 2021 was performed. Based on pretreatment derived neutrophils/ (leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio (dNLR) greater than 3 and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level greater than the normal value, patients were stratified into three groups (good LIPI:0 risk factor, intermediate LIPI: 1 risk factor, and poor LIPI: 2 risk factors). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The second endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR).

Results
In the pooled cohort (n = 224), 80 (35.7%) had a good LIPI (zero factor), 91 (40.6%) had intermediate LIPI (one factor), and 53 (23.7%) had poor LIPI (two factors). The median follow-up was 25.1 months. Median OS was 16.8 months, 12.5 months, and 9.5 months for the good, intermediate, and poor LIPI groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Median PFS was 11.8 months, 7.8 months, and 4.0 months for the good, intermediate, and poor LIPI groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the intermediate LIPI and poor LIPI both were independently associated with OS, PFS, and ORR, DCR (P < 0.05), as risk factors.

Conclusion
Pretreatment LIPI was correlated with worse outcomes for ICIs suggesting that LIPI could be promising biomarker for advanced HCC patients under ICIs.
Current status of nonsuicidal injuries and associated factors among junior high school students in Hainan Province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Siying , Su Zhaoxia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
To summarize the general status of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviour and the characteristics of junior high school students and to determine the risk factors associated with NSSI behaviour.

Methods
Five middle schools in the rural and urban areas of Hainan Province were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study, and junior high school students were administered questionnaires, including the General Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Ottawa Self-Injury Scale, Anxiety Self-Rating Scale, Depression Self-Rating Scale, Adolescent Lifestyle Scale, and Parenting Style Scale.

Results
The NSSI rate among junior high school students in Hainan Province was 28.9%, with a higher prevalence among girls than boys (P < 0.05). The age range was 11–16 years, with a mean age of 13.08 ± 0.911 years. The most common form of self-injury was scratching/bruising, followed by hitting oneself, pulling out hair, biting, head banging, and cutting. The NSSI methods of scratching/bruising, hitting oneself and cutting more commonly occurred in girls than boys (P < 0.05). The most common sites of self-injury were the face, scalp, lips, forearm/elbow, axilla/wrist, hands/fingers, and thighs/knees. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of self-injury sites (nose, lips, genitals, and axillae/wrists) between the two genders (p < 0.05). The most important motivation for undertaking NSSI behaviours was to release negative emotions. The risk factors affecting NSSI behaviours were female gender (OR = 1.793), depression (OR = 1.961), anxiety (OR = 1.495), interpersonal relationship factors (OR = 1.099), academic stress factors (OR = 1.062), maternal emotional warmth (OR = 0.97), and maternal overinterference (OR = 1.036).

Conclusions
The NSSI rate among junior high school students in Hainan was 28.9%, affecting girls more than boys. The form and site of self-injury between boys and girls were significantly different. The motivation for committing self-injurious behaviours was mainly to regulate bad emotions. Risk factors for NSSI behaviours included female gender, anxiety, depression, interpersonal relationship factors, academic stress factors, and maternal emotional overinterference, while maternal emotional warmth was a protective factor.
Follicular cholangitis mimicking a common bile duct cancer: a case report
Authors: Koneri Kenji , Goi Takanori , Katayama Hokahiro , Tagai Noriyuki , Shimada Michiaki , Kurebayashi Hidetaka , Sawai Katsuji , Morikawa Mitsuhiro , Tamaki Masato , Hirono Yasuo , Hatta Satomi , Imamura Yoshiaki , Murakami Makoto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Follicular cholangitis (FC) is a benign bile duct disease that was first reported 2003. Pathologically, it is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with multiple lymphoid follicle formations under the mucosal layer of the biliary tract. However, as this disease is extremely rare, little is known about its etiology and pathogenesis.

Case presentation
A 77-year-old woman was diagnosed with middle bile duct stenosis and potential increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels (γ-GTP). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and IgG4 levels were all within the normal limits. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bile duct dilation from intrahepatic to upper common bile duct and an irregular mass lesion in distal bile duct. Additionally, multiple overlapping leaf-like folds were detected. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) did not demonstrate fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed because common bile duct cancer could not be ruled out. The resected specimen showed diffuse homogeneous middle bile duct wall thickening. Microscopically, the lesion exhibited thick fibrosis with several invaded lymphoplasmacytic cells, and lymphoid follicle formations were detected under the mucosal layer. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) revealed positive for CD3, CD4, CD20 and CD79a, and these findings led to a final diagnosis of FC. The patient has not experienced recurrence to date (42 months postoperatively).

Conclusions
Currently, accurate preoperative diagnosis of FC is difficult. More cases must be accumulated to generate additional knowledge on its precise diagnosis and proper treatment.
Hot water treatment in combination with silicate salts dipping for controlling apple gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.
Authors: Elshahawy Ibrahim , Saied Nehal , Abd-El-Kareem Farid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Gray mold is the most prevalent postharvest disease of apple fruits in Egypt. In this study, five isolates of Botrytis cinerea were isolated from apple fruits that had postharvest decay symptoms. Investigations were made into the pathogenicity tests of these isolates as well as the molecular identification of the most virulent isolate. A study was done in vitro to see how B. cinerea's mycelial growth and conidial germination would be affected by hot water treatments (HWT) at temperatures of 25, 50, 52, 54, or 56 °C for 10, 20, 30, or 40 s as well as silicate salts (SS), specifically potassium silicate and sodium silicate at 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0%. The effectiveness of hot water treatment and silicate salts dipping (SSD), both separately and together, for preventing B. cinerea infection and preserving the natural qualities of apple fruits was investigated in vivo.

Results
Pathogenicity tests on apples (Anna cv.) revealed that B. cinerea isolate (Bc-1) was found to be the most virulent. This isolate was identified as belonging to the fungus B. cinerea through molecular testing using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, and it has since been added to Gene Bank with the accession number ON1498639.1. The lethal temperature for B. cinerea mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro was 54 °C/30 s and 54 °C/10 s, respectively. At a 6.0%, the SS, specifically potassium silicate and sodium silicate, completely prevented pathogen growth. When applied separately, HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) significantly reduced B. cinerea decay of apple fruits stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days. In terms of control efficacy, the HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) combination performed better.

Conclusions
When apple fruits are stored at 20 ± 2 °C for 15 days, the combination of HWT (60 °C/30 s) and SSD (6.0%/1 min) may be an efficient way to control the gray mold disease. The amount of total soluble solids (TSS) in apple fruits was unaffected by these treatments, but they significantly lessened fruit weight loss after 40 days of storage at 20 ± 2 °C.
Protocol for plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Citrus sinensis L.
Authors: Mohamed Adel El-Sawy , Gomaa Amina Hamed , Abd-El-Zaher Mohamed Helmy , Reda Abd-El-Salam Abd-El-Hameed , Girgis Nancy Danial 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Citrus is an important fruit crop worldwide; artificial seeds are through encapsulation techniques of somatic embryos having many applications such as large-scale propagation and germplasm conservation. The aim of this study is the investigation of the viability of encapsulated citrus somatic embryos after different storage periods and to convert them into plantlets.

Results
Cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos (5–7-mm size) regenerated from stigma explants of Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L.) were encapsulated individually in 3% sodium alginate. After different preservation periods (1, 2 or 3 months) at 10 °C, the encapsulated somatic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skooge (MS) medium solidified with 7 g/l agar and supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose for germination. Percentage of regrowth, germination percentage, number of plantlets, plantlets height and number of leaves/shoot were recorded after different recovery periods. The germination percentages of encapsulated embryos were 90, 62.5 and 40% with storage for one, two and three months, respectively. Encapsulated somatic embryos preserved for 1 month developed the highest number of plantlets, while those preserved for 2 months developed the highest length of plantlets and the highest number of leaves/shoot after a recovery period of 10 months. Molecular analysis was performed of plantlets recovered from somatic embryos after preservation by encapsulation, and the results showed that the percentages of polymorphism were 7.7% with the two primers in all treatments.

Conclusions
It could be concluded that callus developed from stigma explants was able to regenerate indirect somatic embryogenesis after 3 months. Cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos of citrus were successfully preserved by encapsulation using 3% sodium alginate. Frequencies of germination of encapsulated somatic embryos increased with increasing the recovery period on the germination medium. A maximum recovery frequency of 60.8% was obtained from encapsulated somatic embryos cultured on germination medium for up to 10 months. Also, recovery frequency of 62.5% was noticed from encapsulated somatic embryos preserved for 2 months at 10 °C. In addition, results indicated that recovered somatic embryos obtained from encapsulated somatic embryos were able to convert to normal plantlets.
Bone-Derived IGF-I Regulates Radial Bone Growth in Adult Male Mice
Authors: Svensson Johan , Sjögren Klara , Lawenius Lina , Koskela Antti , Tuukkanen Juha , Nilsson Karin H , Movérare-Skrtic Sofia , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels, which are reduced by age, and cortical bone dimensions are major determinants of fracture risk in elderly subjects. Inactivation of liver-derived circulating IGF-I results in reduced periosteal bone expansion in young and older mice. In mice with lifelong depletion of IGF-I in osteoblast lineage cells, the long bones display reduced cortical bone width. However, it has not previously been investigated whether inducible inactivation of IGF-I locally in bone in adult/old mice affects the bone phenotype. Adult tamoxifen-inducible inactivation of IGF-I using a CAGG-CreER mouse model (inducible IGF-IKO mice) substantially reduced IGF-I expression in bone (−55%) but not in liver. Serum IGF-I and body weight were unchanged. We used this inducible mouse model to assess the effect of local IGF-I on the skeleton in adult male mice, avoiding confounding developmental effects. After tamoxifen-induced inactivation of the IGF-I gene at 9 months of age, the skeletal phenotype was determined at 14 months of age. Computed tomography analyses of tibia revealed that the mid-diaphyseal cortical periosteal and endosteal circumferences and calculated bone strength parameters were decreased in inducible IGF-IKO mice compared with controls. Furthermore, 3-point bending showed reduced tibia cortical bone stiffness in inducible IGF-IKO mice. In contrast, the tibia and vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction was unchanged. In conclusion, inactivation of IGF-I in cortical bone with unchanged liver-derived IGF-I in older male mice resulted in reduced radial growth of cortical bone. This suggests that not only circulating IGF-I but also locally derived IGF-I regulates the cortical bone phenotype in older mice.
Linguistic and genre originality of the fuel and energy discourse
Authors: Kitanina E. , Kolesnikov V. 
Published: July 2023

Any area of professional activity can have its own language and code to serve its own specific functions. We study linguistic units that function in the discursive texts of the fuel and energy complex, subject to the norms and laws of the development of the literary language, language and genre features of special texts of the fuel and energy complex related to different types and forms of business communication are established.
The text fuel and energy discourse is an integral unit of communication containing a message about the fuel and energy complex (events, events, processes, actions, etc. of this area of professional activity), created according to the plan of the communicants, having a structural (compositional), semantic and pragmatic unity, processed in in accordance with the stylistic norms and functions of the language. The lexical content of discursive texts of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) includes "sublanguages" of the fuel, energy and industrial sectors.
The communicative-pragmatic characteristic of the business communication of the fuel and energy complex demonstrates different aspects of the discursive text, in which three main levels of text formation are distinguished: structural/compositional, semantic, pragmatic. Linguistic (lexical, grammatical means, semantic potential of language units) and extralinguistic (speech situation, intentions and communicative attitudes of the speaker, strategies and tactics of communicants, speech characteristics of a discursive situation, etc.) are distinguished and described) means used in different styles and genres of discursive texts fuel and energy complex.
Shallow geothermal heat in Western Canada: climatic warming impact changes with time– depth
Authors: Majorowicz Jacek , Šafanda Jan 
Published: July 2023

Gain of heat and temperature in the shallow subsurface over the last decades/century has been impacted by the industrial period climatic surface air temperature (SAT) increase. Detailed study of the available temperature-depth data based on 43 wells with single and repeated temperature logs done by the first author has been combined with data base information (Jessop et al 2005) to create temperature maps at depth. Based on these 43 logs it is shown that the heat flux increases with depth in most cases for the available depth data range from surface to some 200m. Model of heat flow versus depth based on the surface air temperature changes through the industrial epoque climatic warming explains the data. Spatial and depth distribution of available temperature and heat gain through the provinces of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin WCSB shows that drilling closer to surface is more economic than deeper to 50-100m.
Industria, artesanado y centros de producción de armamento en la Europa bajomedieval. Balance y perspectivas desde la Historia socioeconómica.
Authors: BADIA ARROYO Pere 
Published: July 2023

La presente aportación pretende tratar la problemática en torno a la forma en que ha sido abordada la investigación sobre la historia del armamento y su contexto productivo. A partir de un estado de la cuestión general y específico de diferentes ámbitos académicos, se determinará la atención historiográfica recibida, las fuentes utilizadas y los enfoques y perspectivas de estudio mayoritarias. El objetivo principal es el de valorar en que medida los estudios precedentes han profundizado en las relaciones socioeconómicas entre centros armeros, fabricantes de armas y agentes comerciales presentes en los principales circuitos de exportación y distribución de armas y armaduras.
Palabras clave: armeros, industria armera, armas, guerra, Baja Edad Media.
Efficient 1.7 µm pumping of 2 µm thulium lasers
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan , Šulc Jan , Jelínková Helena 
Published: July 2023

Solid-state 2 µm lasers based on thulium-doped active media Tm:YAG, Tm:YAP, and Tm:YLF were investigated under 1.7 µm resonant diode pumping. In contrast with standard 0.8 µm pump wavelength, a high slope efficiency was achieved, up to 80% in the case of Tm:YAP and Tm:YLF, nearing a quantum limit without relying on Tm3+–Tm3+ cross-relaxation energy transfer. Low thermal load allowed for stable continuous-wave operation with good beam quality and output power up to 6 W (Tm:YAG, Tm:YLF), and 8 W (Tm:YAP).
Optical leaky fin waveguide for long-range optical antennas on high-index contrast photonic circuit platforms
Authors: Van Iseghem Lukas , Bogaerts Wim 
Published: July 2023

Long-distance light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications require an aperture size in the order of 30 mm to project 200–300 m. To generate such collimated Gaussian beams from the surface of a chip, this work presents a novel waveguide antenna concept, which we call an “optical leaky fin antenna,” consisting of a tapered waveguide with a narrow vertical “fin” on top. The proposed structure (operating aroundλ=1.55  μm) overcomes fundamental fabrication challenges encountered in weak apodized gratings, the conventional method to create an off-chip wide Gaussian beam from a waveguide chip. We explore the design space of the antenna by scanning the relevant cross section parameters in a mode solver, and their sensitivity is examined. We also investigate the dispersion of the emission pattern and angle with the wavelength. The simulated design space is then used to construct and simulate an optical antenna to emit a collimated target intensity profile. Results show inherent robustness to crucial design parameters and indicate good scalability of the design. Possibilities and challenges to fabricate this device concept are also discussed. This novel antenna concept illustrates the possibility to integrate long optical antennas required for long-range solid-state LiDAR systems on a high-index contrast platform with a scalable fabrication method.
Requirements, Design Principles & Design Features zur Entwicklung von nutzerzentrierten Energy Information Systems im Privatkundenbereich
Authors: Matuschik-Weiss Tobias 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel zeigt die positiven Wirkeffekte des gezielten Einsatzes von Data Analytics im Umfeld von Energiedaten auf, um ein nutzerzentriertes Energy Information System (EIS) für Privatkunden zu designen. Auf Basis der Methode des Design Science Research wurden aus realen Nutzerproblemen literaturbasiert 30 Meta-Requirements abgeleitet, die als Ausgangslage für 5 Design Principles (DP) zur Lösung dieser praxisrelevanten Problemstellung dienen. Diese führen anschließend zur Erstellung von 17 Design Features (DF) als konkrete Anweisungen für die Implementierung eines EIS. Zur Evaluation wurden die DPs und DFs mit der Methode des Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) bewertet und in eine Rangfolge gebracht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Implementierung von Standardfunktionen zur Deckung des Informationsbedarfs von Privatkunden (DP 1) die höchste Priorität haben sollte, gefolgt von der Zerlegung des Energieverbrauchs eines Haushaltes bis hin zu einzelnen Geräten (DP 4). Auch die Priorisierung der DFs liefern unmittelbare Hinweise für die praktische Umsetzung eines EIS, in Form einer Neuimplementierung oder Erweiterung von bestehenden Systemen, und geben ebenfalls eine Indikation welche DFs nicht mit höchster Priorität umgesetzt werden müssen bzw. obsolet sind. Die erzeugten Erkenntnisse sind dabei generalisierungsfähig und auch auf andere Domänen anwendbar.
Demographic and clinical risk factors associated with severity of lab-confirmed human leptospirosis in Colombia, 2015–2020
Authors: Parra Barrera Eliana L. , Bello Piruccini Solmara , Rodríguez Karina , Duarte Carolina , Torres Marisa , Undurraga Eduardo A. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Leptospirosis is a common zoonoses and is a major global public health threat. Most cases are mild, typically presenting as a non-specific acute febrile illness. However, leptospirosis can have life-threatening manifestations, including pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome, and acute kidney injury. In Colombia, notification and lab-confirmation of suspected human cases are mandatory. However, little is known about the demographic and clinical factors associated with severe leptospirosis, which could help to reduce clinical complications and mortality. Our aim was to identify risk factors associated with severe leptospirosis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in lab-confirmed cases in Colombia, 2015–2020.

Methods and findings
We analyzed 201 lab-confirmed human leptospirosis cases by microagglutination test. We used a logistic regression to identify the demographic and clinical risk factors associated with severe leptospirosis, admission to ICU, and death. Most leptospirosis confirmed cases occurred in men (85.6%); the mean age was 36.7 years. We classified severe cases (43.3%) by clinical manifestations as renal (29.9%) and liver (27.4%) failure, multiple-organ failure (24.4%), septic shock (24.4%), Weil syndrome (18.4%), pulmonary hemorrhage (18.4%), and meningitis (2.5%), admitted to the ICU (30.3%), and fatal (8.5%). Clinical conditions associated with severe leptospirosis were dyspnea (OR: 5.54; 95% CI: 1.46 to 20.98), tachycardia (OR:9.69; 95% CI: 15.96 to 58.8), and rash (OR: 10.25; 95% CI: 25.01 to 42.08).

Conclusions
We identified demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms associated with severe leptospirosis in Colombia. We hope these results can support clinicians in providing timely treatment to leptospirosis patients to avoid preventable medical complications or deaths.