bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariable prediction models for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fields Kara G , Ma Jie , Petrinic Tatjana , Alhassan Hassan , Eze Anthony , Reddy Ankith , Hedayat Mona , Providencia Rui , Lip Gregory Y H , Bedford Jonathan P , Clifton David A , Redfern Oliver C , O’Brien Benjamin , Watkinson Peter J , Collins Gary S , Muehlschlegel Jochen D 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDozens of multivariable prediction models for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS) have been published, but none have been incorporated into regular clinical practice. One of the reasons for this lack of adoption is poor model performance due to methodological weaknesses in model development. In addition, there has been little external validation of these existing models to evaluate their reproducibility and transportability. The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the methodology and risk of bias of papers presenting the development and/or validation of models for AFACS.MethodsWe will identify studies that present the development and/or validation of a multivariable prediction model for AFACS through searches of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to 31 December 2021. Pairs of reviewers will independently extract model performance measures, assess methodological quality and assess risk of bias of included studies using extraction forms adapted from a combination of the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist and the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Extracted information will be reported by narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThis systemic review will only include published aggregate data, so no protected health information will be used. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific conference presentations. Further, this review will identify weaknesses in past AFACS prediction model development and validation methodology so that subsequent studies can improve upon prior practices and produce a clinically useful risk estimation tool.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019127329.
Health information use and associated factors among healthcare professionals in Ilu Aba Bor zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Negera Dessalegn , Zewdie Asrat , Kera Abeza Mitiku , Degefa Gutama Haile 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundHealth information systems are essential for collecting data for planning, monitoring and evaluating health services. Using reliable information over time is an important aid in improving health outcomes, tackling disparities, enhancing efficiency and encouraging innovation. Studies on the level of health information use among health workers at the health facility level in Ethiopia are limited.ObjectivesThis study was designed to assess the level of health information use and associated factors among healthcare professionals.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 397 health workers in health centres in the Iluababor zone of Oromia region in southwest Ethiopia, who were chosen using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire and an observation checklist. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting checklist was used to report the summary of the manuscript. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinant factors. Variables with a p value <0.05 at 95% CIs were declared significant.ResultsIt was found that 65.8% of the healthcare professionals had good health information usage. Use of Health Management Information System (HMIS) standard materials (adjusted OR (AOR)=8.10; 95% CI 3.51 to 16.58), training on health information (AOR=8.31; 95% CI 4.34 to 14.90), completeness of report formats (AOR=10.24; 95% CI 5.0 to 15.14) and age (AOR=0.4; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.77) were found to be significantly associated with health information use.ConclusionMore than three-fifths of healthcare professionals had good health information usage. Completeness of report format, training, use of standard HMIS materials and age were significantly associated with health information usage. Ensuring the availability of standard HMIS materials and report completeness and providing training, particularly for newly recruited health workers are highly recommended to enhance health information usage.
Understanding living with tracheostomy ventilation for motor neuron disease and the implications for quality of life: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Wilson Eleanor , Turner Nicola , Faull Christina , Palmer Jonathan , Turner Martin R , Davidson Scott 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHome mechanical ventilation can be used to manage symptoms of breathlessness and sustain life for people living with motor neuron disease (plwMND). In the UK, less than 1% of plwMND use tracheostomy ventilation (TV). This contrasts with some other countries, where rates are much higher. Due to a lack of evidence about its feasibility, cost-effectiveness or outcomes, TV is not covered in the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance. Most plwMND receiving TV in the UK do so as an unplanned crisis intervention, which can lead to a prolonged hospital stay while a complex care package is arranged. There is insufficient literature addressing the burdens and benefits of TV, how it should be initiated and delivered, and how future care choices for plwMND can be supported. The aim of this research is to provide new understandings of the experiences of plwMND using TV, and those of family members and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in their care.Methods and analysisA UK-wide qualitative study with two workstreams: (1) Patient focused case studies (n=6) including plwMND, family members and HCPs to focus on experiences and tasks of daily living from multiple perspectives. (2) Interviews with plwMND (n=10), family members, including bereaved family members (n=10) and HCPs (n=20) on broader experiences and issues relating to use of TV, such as ethical considerations and decision making.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Leicester South Research Ethics Committee (22/EM/0256). All participants will be asked to provide electronic, written and/or audio recorded informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations and used to develop new resources for teaching and public information.
Implementation of a digital early warning score (NEWS2) in a cardiac specialist and general hospital settings in the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Alhmoud Baneen , Bonicci Timothy , Patel Riyaz , Melley Daniel , Hicks Louise , Banerjee Amitava 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate implementation of digital National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) in a cardiac care setting and a general hospital setting in the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignThematic analysis of qualitative semistructured interviews using the non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread, sustainability framework with purposefully sampled nurses and managers, as well as online surveys from March to December 2021.SettingsSpecialist cardiac hospital (St Bartholomew’s Hospital) and general teaching hospital (University College London Hospital, UCLH).ParticipantsEleven nurses and managers from cardiology, cardiac surgery, oncology and intensive care wards (St Bartholomew’s) and medical, haematology and intensive care wards (UCLH) were interviewed and 67 were surveyed online.ResultsThree main themes emerged: (1) implementing NEWS2 challenges and supports; (2) value of NEWS2 to alarm, escalate and during the pandemic; and (3) digitalisation: electronic health record (EHR) integration and automation. The value of NEWS2 was partly positive in escalation, yet there were concerns by nurses who undervalued NEWS2 particularly in cardiac care. Challenges, like clinicians’ behaviours, lack of resources and training and the perception of NEWS2 value, limit the success of this implementation. Changes in guidelines in the pandemic have led to overlooking NEWS2. EHR integration and automated monitoring are improvement solutions that are not fully employed yet.ConclusionWhether in specialist or general medical settings, the health professionals implementing early warning score in healthcare face cultural and system-related challenges to adopting NEWS2 and digital solutions. The validity of NEWS2 in specialised settings and complex conditions is not yet apparent and requires comprehensive validation. EHR integration and automation are powerful tools to facilitate NEWS2 if its principles are reviewed and rectified, and resources and training are accessible. Further examination of implementation from the cultural and automation domains is needed.
Life course partnership history and objectively measured physical functional ability in Danish middle-aged adults
Authors: Nersesjan Simon Carstensen , Nilsson Charlotte Juul , Davidsen Karolina , Kriegbaum Margit , Lund Rikke 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPartnership break-up and living alone is associated with several negative health-related outcomes. Little is known about the association with physical functional ability in a life course perspective. The aim of this study is to investigate (1) the association between number of partnership break-ups and years living alone across 26 years of adult life respectively and objectively measured physical capability in midlife, (2) how the joint exposure of accumulated break-ups or years living alone respectively, and education relates to physical capability in midlife and (3) potential gender differences.MethodsLongitudinal study of 5001 Danes aged 48–62. Accumulated number of partnership break-ups and years living alone were retrieved from national registers. Handgrip strength (HGS) and number of chair rises (CR) were recorded as outcomes in multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic factors, early major life events and personality.ResultsIncreasing number of years living alone was associated with poorer HGS and fewer CR. Concomitant exposure to short educational level and break-ups or long duration of time living alone respectively was associated with poorer physical capability compared with the groups with long educational level and no break-ups or few years lived alone.ConclusionAccumulated number of years living alone but not break-ups was associated with poorer physical functional ability. Joint exposure to a high number of years lived alone or break-ups respectively and having a short education was associated with the lowest levels of functional ability, which points towards an important target group for interventions. No gender differences were suggested.
LAL deficiency induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells as targets and biomarkers for lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Ting , Liu Sheng , Hanna Nasser H , Jalal Shadia , Ding Xinchun , Wan Jun , Yan Cong , Du Hong 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells in tumor microenvironment, which suppress antitumor immunity. Expansion of various MDSC subpopulations is closely associated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of neutral lipids, whose deficiency (LAL-D) in mice induces the differentiation of myeloid lineage cells into MDSCs. TheseLal-/-MDSCs not only suppress immune surveillance but also stimulate cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Understanding and elucidating the underlying mechanisms of MDSCs biogenesis will help to facilitate diagnosis/prognosis of cancer occurrence and prevent cancer growth and spreading.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to distinguish intrinsic molecular and cellular differences between normal versusLal-/-bone marrow–derived Ly6G+myeloid populations in mice. In humans, LAL expression and metabolic pathways in various myeloid subsets of blood samples of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were assessed by flow cytometry. The profiles of myeloid subsets were compared in patients with NSCLC before and after the treatment of programmed death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy.ResultsscRNA-seq ofLal-/-CD11b+Ly6G+MDSCs identified two distinctive clusters with differential gene expression patterns and revealed a major metabolic shift towards glucose utilization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. Blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in glycolysis reversedLal-/-MDSCs’ capabilities of immunosuppression and tumor growth stimulation and reduced ROS overproduction. In the blood samples of human patients with NSCLC, LAL expression was significantly decreased in CD13+/CD14+/CD15+/CD33+myeloid cell subsets. Further analysis in the blood of patients with NSCLC revealed an expansion of CD13+/CD14+/CD15+myeloid cell subsets, accompanied by upregulation of glucose-related and glutamine-related metabolic enzymes. Pharmacological inhibition of the LAL activity in the blood cells of healthy participants increased the numbers of CD13+and CD14+myeloid cell subsets. PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor treatment in patients with NSCLC reversed the increased number of CD13+and CD14+myeloid cell subsets and PDH levels in CD13+myeloid cells.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that LAL and the associated expansion of MDSCs could serve as targets and biomarkers for anticancer immunotherapy in humans.
Patients’ understanding of long-term cardiovascular risks and associated health-seeking behaviours after pre-eclampsia
Authors: Atkinson Jessica , Wei William , Potenza Stephanie , Simpson Grace , Middleton Anna , Walker Susan , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne , Lindquist Anthea 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe lifelong risks of cardiovascular disease following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are well described. Awareness of these risks and associated health-seeking behaviours among affected individuals remains unclear. We aimed to assess participants’ knowledge of their cardiovascular disease risk and relevant health-seeking behaviours following a pregnancy affected by preeclampsia or gestational hypertension.MethodsWe undertook a single-site, cross-sectional cohort study. The target population included individuals who birthed at a large tertiary referral centre in Melbourne, Australia, between 2016 and 2020, and were diagnosed with gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Participants completed a survey assessing pregnancy details, medical comorbidities, knowledge of future risks and health-seeking behaviours post-pregnancy.Results1526 individuals met inclusion criteria and 438 (28.6%) completed the survey. Of these, 62.6% (n=237) were unaware of their increased risk of cardiovascular disease following a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Participants who reported awareness of their increased risk were more likely to have annual blood pressure monitoring (54.6% vs 38.1%, p<0.01), and at least one assessment of blood cholesterol (p<0.01), blood glucose (p=0.03) and renal function (p=0.01). Participants who were aware were more likely to be taking antihypertensive medication (24.5% vs 6.6%, p<0.01) since pregnancy, compared with those who were unaware. There were no differences between groups in diet, exercise or smoking habits.ConclusionAmong our study cohort, risk awareness was associated with increased health-seeking behaviours. Participants who were aware of their increased risk of cardiovascular disease were more likely to have regular cardiovascular risk factor assessments. They were also more likely to be taking antihypertensive medication.
Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Giha Hayder A. , Abdulwahab Rabab A. , Abbas Jaafar , Shinwari Zakia , Alaiya Ayodele 
Published: March 2023

Background. Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly. Methods. In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics databases and tools were used for protein/peptide (PPs) identification and gene localization. The PPs that differed significantly (

p

< 0.05, ANOVA) in abundance with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 were identified. Results. Revealed 20 PPs, 11 were upregulated in women with very high FC (up to 8 folds), and 9 were upregulated in men but with much lower FC. The PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was upregulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity, lipid metabolism, gene expression, connective tissue, and others, with some overlap in function. Conclusions. The upregulated PPs in men or women are mostly reflecting the functon or risk/protection provided by the PPs to the specific sex, e.g., Apo-B100 of LDLC. Finally, the basis of sex-biased gene expression and sex phenotypic differences needs further investigation.
Crises of reputation as asynchronous online polylogues
Authors: Pluwak Agnieszka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Crises of reputation are rarely studied from the linguistic point of view, which results in several research gaps. Therefore, in this study three selected crisis cases have been analyzed as asynchronous online polylogues—Internet debates performed by stakeholders in different sources from the moment of publication. In this approach corpus analysis has been combined with the theory of computer-mediated communication, speech acts and a semantic study of emotions. One of the findings was that certain common patterns of subtopics, emotion expressions and communicative actions are noticeable in the user-generated content across different crisis cases. Contrary to some NLP studies, emotions expressed by stakeholders in a crisis situation refer not to the major topic, but to its subtopics, which impacts the construction of text-mining models. Unlike in pre-social media studies, sarcasm and not anger is the major emotion expressed textually in reaction to a crisis of reputation.
Vessel diameter polymorphism determines vulnerability-to-embolism curve shape
Authors: Jacobsen Anna L. , Pratt R. Brandon 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Sherwin Carlquist proposed several functional interpretations for vessel diameter, including that narrow vessels were hydraulically “safe” while wide diameter vessels were more vulnerable to embolism. He applied these ideas both across species and biomes, and within xylem tissue, where function of growth ring types was inferred from vessel diameter polymorphisms (occurrence of differing vessel diameter classes within a tissue). Following on Carlquist’s ideas, we were interested in evaluating if vessel diameter polymorphism could be linked to vulnerability-to-embolism curve shape. Vulnerability curves were fit with a model that included a continuous shape term (alpha). We predicted that high variation in vessel diameter would result in lower alpha (more r-shaped) curves whereas low variation would produce higher alpha (more s-shaped) curves, with potential for intermediate curve types. Our findings support Carlquist’s functional interpretations of vessel diameter. Vessel diameter polymorphism was strongly correlated to vulnerability curve shape. Homogeneous vessel diameters were associated with more s-shaped curves. As vessel diameter polymorphism increased, alpha declined and curves became more linear. High polymorphism was associated with r-shaped curves. There was no relationship between vessel length and curve shape. Vessel diameter was strongly correlated with a common estimate of embolism resistance (P50), with wider diameter vessels associated with increased vulnerability. Vulnerability curves show enormous variety in shape and scale, and both parameters are likely critical in understanding and predicting plant function. Carlquist’s ecological anatomy data, predictions, and functional inferences will continue to be valuable as we expand our understanding of structure–function links in plant anatomy.
The Etymology of “Manchu”: A Critical Evaluation of the Riverside Hypothesis
Authors: Hölzl Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Manchu is the name of a people that has an important place in world history. While the list of etymologies of the name already encompasses several dozen proposals, none is widely accepted. The most promising etymology from a linguistic perspective can be characterized as the “riverside hypothesis”. It states that the name is that of the lower Amur that was later used for peoples living along that river. This paper takes a fresh look at this hypothesis, discussing previous approaches, rejecting earlier arguments against it, and evaluating the plausibility of the hypothesis by establishing a detailed semantic model and a list of sound laws. It concludes that, despite minor phonological issues, the hypothesis is very likely the correct one.
Using Ground-Based Radar Observations to Evaluate Asymmetric Convection and Eyewall Dynamics during the Landfall of Hurricane Harvey (2017)
Authors: Alford A. Addison , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Carrie Gordon 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Asymmetric dynamics in tropical cyclones (TCs) are vital to understanding intensity change and convective distribution at landfall. The growth of barotropic–convective instability (e.g., mesovortices), vortical hot towers, and vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) have been considered through numerical modeling studies, often by mean–eddy partitioning of the tangential wind tendency. Unfortunately, few observational datasets exist that are sufficient for such study. A University of Oklahoma Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching radar observed major Hurricane Harvey (2017) as it intensified just before landfall near Port Aransas, Texas. Combined with a coastal WSR-88D radar, dual-Doppler derived kinematic analyses were constructed every ∼6 min at 1-km spatial resolution during Hurricane Harvey’s landfall. In this study, observations of asymmetric mesovortices on the interior edge of Harvey’s eyewall are documented. The asymmetries promoted a dual exchange of vorticity in the TC eyewall and represent an example of an eddy mechanism of intensity change on various time scales. Considering the combined effects of resolvable asymmetries, we examine the change in the tangential wind as a function of mean–eddy kinematics before and after landfall. Before landfall, the low-level eddy contribution was positive to the low-level tangential wind tendency. Following landfall, the contribution from the low-level eddy became weakly positive to weakly negative. Finally, the evolution of some asymmetric features in Harvey’s eyewall are shown to manifest in a VRW-like response that initiates rainbands just outside of Harvey’s eyewall.