bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper estimates for blow-up solutions of a quasi-linear parabolic equation
Authors: Anada Koichi , Ishiwata Tetsuya , Ushijima Takeo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a quasi-linear parabolic equation $$u_t=u^p(x_{xx}+u)$$

u
t

=

u
p

(

x

xx

+
u
)

. It is known that there exist blow-up solutions and some of them develop Type II singularity. However, only a few results are known about the precise behavior of Type II blow-up solutions for $$p>2$$

p
>
2

. We investigated the blow-up solutions for the equation with periodic boundary conditions and derived upper estimates of the blow-up rates in the case of $$2<p<3$$

2
<
p
<
3

and in the case of $$p=3$$

p
=
3

, separately. In addition, we assert that if $$2 \le p \le 3$$

2
≤
p
≤
3

then $$\lim _{t \nearrow T}(T-t)^{\frac{1}{p}+\varepsilon }\max u(x,t)=0$$

lim

t
↗
T

(
T
-
t
)

1
p

+
ε

max
u

(
x
,
t
)

=
0

z for any $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

under some assumptions.
Intercropping organic melon and cowpea combined with return of crop residues increases yields and soil fertility
Authors: Marcos-Pérez Mariano , Sánchez-Navarro Virginia , Martinez-Martinez Silvia , Martínez-Mena María , García Eloísa , Zornoza Raúl 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growth of legumes, reduced tillage and addition of crop residues can be regarded as a good alternative in intercropping systems to increase soil organic matter, soil fertility and biodiversity while enhancing crop production and reducing the use of fertilizers. Despite the potential benefits, there is still a research gap about using the combination of cowpea and melon in intercropping to increase productivity and reduce external inputs. Thus, the aims of this study were to: i) assess if crop yield, crop quality and soil physicochemical properties can be improved by intercropping systems between melon (Cucumis melo L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) with reduced tillage and addition of crop residues, compared with a melon monoculture with intensive tillage and removal of crop residues, all grown under organic management; and ii) evaluated if cowpea grown as intercrop with fertilization reduced by 30% in the diversified plots can partially replace the use of fertilizers with no negative effects on total crop production. In this study we compared over three crop cycles monocrops with three different melon-cowpea intercropping patterns: mixed intercropping, row intercropping 1:1 (melon:cowpea) and row intercropping 2:1 (melon:cowpea). Our results, presented in this study, showed that intercropping systems, regardless of the pattern, kept soil organic C levels, while it significantly decreased in melon monoculture. Intercropping also significantly increased soil total N, available P and exchangeable K (0.13%, 62 mg·kg-1 and 387 mg·kg-1, respectively), compared to the melon monocrop (0.11%, 25 mg·kg-1 and 306 mg·kg-1). Total crop production was significantly higher under diversified systems, with land equivalent ratios > 1. Hence, the introduction of cowpea associated with melon, combined with reduced tillage and the incorporation of crop residues could be considered as a feasible strategy for sustainable agriculture, with environmental gains and economic savings for fertilizers and water.
Advances in Mn-Based Electrode Materials for Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ding Changsheng , Chen Zhang , Cao Chuanxiang , Liu Yu , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAqueous sodium-ion batteries have attracted extensive attention for large-scale energy storage applications, due to abundant sodium resources, low cost, intrinsic safety of aqueous electrolytes and eco-friendliness. The electrochemical performance of aqueous sodium-ion batteries is affected by the properties of electrode materials and electrolytes. Among various electrode materials, Mn-based electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention because of the abundance of Mn, low cost, nontoxicity, eco-friendliness and interesting electrochemical performance. Aqueous electrolytes having narrow electrochemical window also affect the electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials. In this review, we introduce systematically Mn-based electrode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries from cathode and anode materials and offer a comprehensive overview about their recent development. These Mn-based materials include oxides, Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds. We summarize and discuss the composition, crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of Mn-based electrode materials. The improvement methods based on electrolyte optimization, element doping or substitution, optimization of morphology and carbon modification are highlighted. The perspectives of Mn-based electrode materials for future studies are also provided. We believe this review is important and helpful to explore and apply Mn-based electrode materials in aqueous sodium-ion batteries.
Searching to avoid regret in charitable giving
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Tanushree 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegret aversion often compels individuals to undertake extensive searches before making a choice. Yet, donors hardly search among charitable alternatives prior to giving. It is unclear if donors search little because there is no regret to avoid as they rarely learn the outcome of their donations, or they simply do not care as donation outcomes do not directly impact them. To investigate if absence of regret is a contributing factor behind this lack of search, the current study develops an online experiment wherein subjects can research available charities before donating. While the control group does not receive any regret-inducing feedback (such as relative effectiveness of their donation) ex-post of decision-making, the treatment group is ex-ante aware of receiving charity rankings ex-post. While the control subjects donate without gathering information on charities, the treatment subjects research substantially more and consequentially donate to better ranked charities without decreasing donations.
Factors associated with early newborn care practices in Bangladesh: evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Sakib Md. Saifullah , Tanny Tahmina Ferdous , Rouf Abu Sayeed Ripon , Manik Mehedi Hasan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim
Immediate care of newborns is essential to scale back the mortality rate. This study tries to search out several aspects of newborn care practices of newborn birth from BDHS 2017-18 data.

Methods
Initially, bivariate analysis is employed to look at the differentials' initial newborn care practices by several selected background variables. The study used a simple and multinomial logistic regression model to identify the important determinants of initial care practices. Besides determinates of the factor, the study also compares the results with the cross-sectional survey data of 2014 and 2011.

Results
The percentage of employing a clean delivery kit during delivery and skin-to-skin contact are 22.8 and 13.7 respectively in Bangladesh in 2017 which is lower than the previous report in 2014. The odds of clean delivery kits and skin-to-skin are higher for educated mothers (OR = 3.30 and OR = 1.74) and in the case of delayed bathing the odds of the Rangpur division (OR = 1.90) are more likely higher compared to the reference category. Besides, the odds of a mother's age above 25 and birth order 3+ are less likely to reference the category for newborn care practices.

Conclusion
Factors identified in early newborn care practices will not only help policy makers undertake a series of interventions for improved newborn health but also ensure good -quality health services.
Long-term survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgical treatment in a large-scale retrospective study from a single cancer center
Authors: Ni Kunhan , Li Zhiyu , Li Kexun , Li Changding , Du Kunyi , Nie Xin , Liu Kun , Li Kunzhi , Huang Yixuan , Lu Simiao , Jiang Longlin , He Wenwu , Wang Chenghao , Wang Kangning , Zhou Qiang , Li Haojun , Li Jialong , Liu Guangyuan , Xiao Wenguang , Fang Qiang , Peng Lin , Wang Qifeng , Han Yongtao , Leng Xuefeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the long-term overall survival (OS) and influencing factors of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) under surgical treatment.

Method
We collected patients with ESCC who received surgical treatment in Sichuan Cancer Hospital & institute from January 2010 to December 2017, and selected 2,766 patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma with relatively complete follow-up results as the objects of this study. We analyzed the characteristics, postoperative complications and long-term OS results of those patients.

Results
Of the 2766 patients, 81.6% were male, midthoracic esophageal cancer accounted for 53.5%. McKeown was used in 72.0% of patients and Ivor-Lewis was used in 26.4% of patients. About 47.8% of patients received minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). The overall complication rate was 25.8%. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rates were 86.2%, 57.5% and 46.8%, respectively. McKeown had a better long-term OS rate than Ivor-Lewis (49.5% vs 41.2%, P < 0.001), and MIE is superior to open surgery (51.8% vs 42.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
McKeown has advantages over Ivor-Lewis. MIE results in better long-term survival outcomes for patients. But more prospective randomized controlled trials with large samples are needed.
Forecasting the Spot Market Electricity Price with a Long Short-Term Memory Model Architecture in a Disruptive Economic and Geopolitical Context
Authors: Bâra Adela , Oprea Simona-Vasilica , Băroiu Alexandru-Costin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we perform a short-run Electricity Price Forecast (EPF) with a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), namely Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), using an algorithm that selects the variables and optimizes the hyperparameters. The results are compared with one of the standout machine learning algorithms, namely eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB). Apart from other EPF solutions, in this paper, we focus on the interval before and after the pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine. Furthermore, compared to the previous papers that mainly approached German, Austrian, Australian, Spanish, Nordic electricity Day Ahead Markets (DAM), we emphasize on the EPF for one of the East-European countries—Romania whose market rules closely align with the rules of the European Union electricity DAM. The contribution of this study consists in creating a data set that spans from January 2019 to August 2022 and providing an algorithm to identify the best stacked LSTM architecture to cope with a challenging short-term EPF. The proposed algorithm identifies the most relevant variables using a correlation threshold and performs a combination of three parameters—hidden layer size, dropout and learning rate generating the best EPF results.
Prevention/mitigation of natural disasters in urban areas
Authors: Chai Jinchun , Wu Hao-Ze 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPreventing/mitigating natural disasters in urban areas can indirectly be part of the 17 sustainable economic and social development intentions according to the United Nations in 2015. Four types of natural disasters—flooding, heavy rain-induced slope failures/landslides; earthquakes causing structure failure/collapse, and land subsidence—are briefly considered in this article. With the increased frequency of climate change-induced extreme weathers, the numbers of flooding and heavy rain-induced slope failures/landslides in urban areas has increased in recent years. There are both engineering methods to prevent their occurrence, and more effectively early prediction and warning systems to mitigate the resulting damage. However, earthquakes still cannot be predicted to an extent that is sufficient to avoid damage, and developing and adopting structures that are resilient against earthquakes, that is, structures featuring earthquake resistance, vibration damping, and seismic isolation, are essential tasks for sustainable city development. Land subsidence results from human activity, and is mainly due to excessive pumping of groundwater, which is a “natural” disaster caused by human activity. Countermeasures include effective regional and/or national freshwater management and local water recycling to avoid excessive pumping the groundwater. Finally, perspectives for risk warning and hazard prevention through enhanced field monitoring, risk assessment with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), and artificial intelligence (AI) technology.
Preventive Oncology International: A brief history of HPV self-collected vaginal specimens for cervical cancer screening
Authors: Belinson Jerome L. , Pretorius Robert G. , Wu Ruifang , Qiao Youlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince 1998, Preventive Oncology International, Inc. (POI) has been at the forefront of studying human papillomavirus (HPV) self-collection for cervical cancer screening, with a significant focus in China. Through multiple clinical trials over the past 25 years, POI has explored various aspects related to self-collection methodologies. In 2004–2006, POI established that self-collection could be equivalent to direct endocervical samples. Subsequently, a large randomized trial involving 10,000 patients in 2010 further confirmed that self-collected vaginal specimens, tested for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) using a PCR-based assay with high analytic sensitivity, could effectively replace endocervical specimens with minimal loss of sensitivity and a slight decrease in specificity. Throughout the years, POI's research has encompassed several crucial topics, including patient acceptance, the development of new cost-effective, simpler, and faster assays, exploring different collection devices, devising efficient methods of specimen transport, and implementing population-based screening systems. The findings strongly support the integration of self-collection methodologies into cervical cancer control programs worldwide, particularly in medically underserved regions. As HPV self-collection continues to evolve, ongoing research and innovations are expected to play a pivotal role in achieving the global mission of combating cervical cancer.
Digital doubters in different political and cultural contexts: Comparing citizen attitudes across three major digital technologies
Authors: Kostka Genia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGovernments all over the world are rapidly embracing digital technologies for information collection, governance, and social control. Recent studies suggest citizens may accept or even support digital surveillance. By using an online survey dataset on public opinion about facial recognition technology, contact tracing apps, and the social credit system in China, Germany, the US, and the UK, this article shows that these studies have overlooked a small yet significant group of digital technology doubters. Our results show that while up to 10% of Chinese citizens belong to the group of “digital doubters,” this group is the largest in Germany with 30% of citizens. The US and the UK are in the middle with approximately 20%. While citizens who belong to this group of digital doubters worry about privacy and surveillance issues, their attitudes can also be explained by them not being convinced of the benefits of digital technologies, including improved efficiency, security, or convenience. We find that the more citizens lack trust in their government, the more likely they are to belong to the group of digital doubters. Our findings demonstrate that in both democratic and authoritarian states, there are citizens opposing the adoption of certain digital technologies. This underscores the importance of initiating societal debate to determine the appropriate regulations that align with these societal preferences.
Impact of Hurricane Matthew on a Cohort of Adolescents With Asthma in North Carolina
Authors: Davis Scott A. , Carpenter Delesha M. , Loughlin Ceila E. , Garcia Nacire , Sleath Betsy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to look at a cohort of adolescents who were already enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to see (1) how demographics were associated with hurricane impact, and (2) how hurricane impact was associated with reported asthma quality of life.

Methods:
One hundred fifty-one adolescents ages 11-17 and their parents enrolled in a randomized controlled trial at 2 sites in southeastern North Carolina completed questions about asthma quality of life, demographics, and the impact of Hurricane Matthew.

Results:
The most common effects of Hurricane Matthew were that the family’s home was damaged or flooded (32.5%), the school was damaged or flooded (31.8%), and the home had mold or mildew as a result of flooding or damage (25.8%). Problems with access to care were more common for families whose adolescent was non-White (P = 0.04), on Medicaid (P = 0.05), or if the family spoke Spanish at home (P < 0.001). Being affected by the hurricane was negatively associated with asthma quality of life.

Conclusions:
Hurricane Matthew had significant impact on the health of adolescents with asthma in the affected region, especially in the most vulnerable populations. Providers should ensure that families of adolescents with asthma have a hurricane plan to mitigate impact on their children’s health.
High-energy and high-peak-power GHz burst-mode all-fiber laser with a uniform envelope and tunable intra-burst pulses
Authors: Liu Shuailin , Zhang Bin , Bu Yuanzhuang , Zhao Desheng , Zhu Xiran , Yang Linyong , Hou Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report a Yb-doped all-fiber laser system generating burst-mode pulses with high energy and high peak power at a GHz intra-burst repetition rate. To acquire the uniform burst envelope, a double-pre-compensation structure with an arbitrary waveform laser diode driver and an acoustic optical modulator is utilized for the first time. The synchronous pumping is utilized for the system to reduce the burst repetition rate to 100 Hz and suppress the amplified spontaneous emission effect. By adjusting the gain of every stage, uniform envelopes with different output energies can be easily obtained. The intra-burst repetition rate can be tuned from 0.5 to 10 GHz actively modulated by an electro-optic modulator. Optimized by timing control of eight channels of analog signal and amplified by seven stages of Yb-doped fiber amplifier, the pulse energy achieves 13.3 mJ at 0.5 ns intra-burst pulse duration, and the maximum peak power reaches approximately 3.6 MW at 48 ps intra-burst pulse duration. To the best of our knowledge, for reported burst-mode all-fiber lasers, this is a record for output energy and peak power with nanosecond-level burst duration, and the widest tuning range of the intra-burst repetition rate. In particular, this flexibly tunable burst-mode laser system can be directly applied to generate high-power frequency-tunable microwaves.
Stopping problems with an unknown state
Authors: Ekström Erik , Wang Yuqiong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe extend the classical setting of an optimal stopping problem under full information to include problems with an unknown state. The framework allows the unknown state to influence (i) the drift of the underlying process, (ii) the payoff functions, and (iii) the distribution of the time horizon. Since the stopper is assumed to observe the underlying process and the random horizon, this is a two-source learning problem. Assigning a prior distribution for the unknown state, standard filtering theory can be employed to embed the problem in a Markovian framework with one additional state variable representing the posterior of the unknown state. We provide a convenient formulation of this Markovian problem, based on a measure change technique that decouples the underlying process from the new state variable. Moreover, we show by means of several novel examples that this reduced formulation can be used to solve problems explicitly.
A novel approach for variable star classification based on imbalanced learning
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Yanxia , Kang Zihan , Li Changhua , Tao Yihan , Zhao Yongheng , Wu Xue-Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe advent of time-domain sky surveys has generated a vast amount of light variation data, enabling astronomers to investigate variable stars with large-scale samples. However, this also poses new opportunities and challenges for the time-domain research. In this paper, we focus on the classification of variable stars from the Catalina Surveys Data Release 2 and propose an imbalanced learning classifier based on Self-paced Ensemble (SPE) method. Compared with the work of Hosenie et al. (2020), our approach significantly enhances the classificationRecallof Blazhko RR Lyrae stars from 12% to 85%, mixed-mode RR Lyrae variables from 29% to 64%, detached binaries from 68% to 97%, and LPV from 87% to 99%. SPE demonstrates a rather good performance on most of the variable classes except RRab, RRc, and contact and semi-detached binary. Moreover, the results suggest that SPE tends to target the minority classes of objects, while Random Forest is more effective in finding the majority classes. To balance the overall classification accuracy, we construct a Voting Classifier that combines the strengths of SPE and Random Forest. The results show that the Voting Classifier can achieve a balanced performance across all classes with minimal loss of accuracy. In summary, the SPE algorithm and Voting Classifier are superior to traditional machine learning methods and can be well applied to classify the periodic variable stars. This paper contributes to the current research on imbalanced learning in astronomy and can also be extended to the time-domain data of other larger sky survey projects (LSST, etc.).
Nestedness and beta diversity of gastrointestinal helminth communities in common warthogs,Phacochoerus africanus(Suidae), at 2 localities in South Africa
Authors: Junker Kerstin , Horak Ivan G. , Boomker Joop , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFew studies have investigated the ecological interactions between wild species of Suidae and their parasites, leaving our knowledge concerning this host–parasite system fragmented. In the present study, we applied network studies to analyse community nestedness in helminth assemblages of common warthogs,Phacochoerus africanus(Gmelin) (Suidae). Helminth data were compiled from 95 warthogs, including young and adult males and females, from 2 different conservation areas in Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa, collected monthly over a period of 1 year each. The aim was to study the effect of host sex, age and season of sampling on the structure of helminth infracommunities harboured by the warthogs and to search for non-random structural patterns in the warthog–helminth interaction networks. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of a warthog's age, sex and season of sampling on beta diversity and dark diversity of their helminth infracommunities. Lastly, we asked whether the effects of host sex, age and sampling season on helminth communities differed between the 2 localities. We found that helminth communities of warthogs were nested and host–parasite interactions were influenced by all 3 factors as well as combinations thereof. However, the resulting patterns differed at the 2 localities, indicating that local environmental processes are important drivers of community structure.