bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of satellite‐based rainfall product CHIRPS in estimating rainfall erosivity on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zeng Wenying , Ding Xiaotong , Sun Wenyi , Mu Xingmin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSatellite‐based rainfall products have great potential for estimating rainfall erosivity, as they can provide continuous spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation estimates over large areas, especially for monitoring in areas with complex terrain and extreme climates. This paper uses the daily rainfall derived from the satellite‐based CHIRPS product on the GEE platform and Zhang's daily rainfall erosivity model to calculate the rainfall erosivity on the Loess Plateau during the period of 1981–2020. The accuracy of rainfall erosivity for the CHIRPS product is evaluated by comparing the results to estimates from national meteorological stations, and then the calculation formula of rainfall erosivity is optimized to improve the accuracy of rainfall erosivity based on CHIRPS products. The results show that the annual average rainfall of the CHIRPS product at the locations of national meteorological stations in 1981–2020 is 473.7 mm, which is 6.8% higher than that observed by the meteorological stations. The multi‐year average value of daily rainfall and the yearly average rainfall both for days with rainfall larger than or equal to 12 mm are 15.9% and 18.2% greater than those of the meteorological stations, respectively, and eventually resulting in an overestimation of rainfall erosivity on the Loess Plateau by 44.0%. The annual mean rainfall erosivity interpolated based on meteorological stations and calculated from the gridded CHIRPS product in 1981–2020 is 1344.2 MJ·mm/(hm2·h) and 2013.7 MJ·mm/(hm2·h), respectively. This result suggests that rainfall erosivity estimated by gridded CHIRPS product is overestimated by 49.8%, of which 46.1% is due to the overestimation of erosive rainfall in gridded CHIRPS and 3.7% is caused by site density and interpolation. Satellite‐based CHIRPS product is similar to the observations of meteorological stations in total rainfall and trends, but differs in rainfall frequency and intensity, which is an important reason for the difference in rainfall erosivity between satellite‐based rainfall products and meteorological stations. The CHIRPS‐based rainfall erosivity calculated using the optimized parameters reduces the overestimation from 49.8% to 3.2%, greatly reducing the satellite‐based rainfall erosivity estimation error.
Control system and kinematic analysis of lower limb prosthetic knee joint
Authors: Liu X. , Fang Z. , Xu B. , Yan P. , Cui R. , Wu Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn order to study the motion characteristics of the prosthesis, a three‐dimensional model of the test platform was established, and the corresponding control scheme was designed according to this model. For the lower limb prosthesis test platform, a fuzzy proportion‐integration‐differentiation (PID) control model was created. Second, the matlab modules were used to construct the virtual model, and the goal function‘s control research was conducted. Finally, a virtual model was created, and the outcomes were studied, in order to assess the differences between the control results of proportional‐integral‐differential controller and fuzzy proportional‐integral‐differential controller. The results verify that the test platform using fuzzy proportional‐integral‐differential controller is capable of greater stability. The lower limb prosthetic knee joint test platform was built, and the corresponding experimental research was carried out on the motion of the lower limb prosthetic knee joint. The experimental data showed that the angle error of the hip joint was within 2° when the normal human gait was walking on the ground. The error of the joint angle does not exceed 3°. The prosthesis can clearly better mimic the angles of the hip and knee joints.
Comparative investigation of fabrication, roughness, mechanical and wear properties of glass ionomer and nanofillers reinforced dental composite: A review
Authors: Verma R. , Azam M. S. , Kumar S. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present study, comparative analysis of glass ionomer and nanofillers in the performance of dental composite has been reviewed. In dental composite, a number of particulate fillers specifically nanoparticle are being tested and used. A new approach has been tried and investigated to replace expensive nanofillers with the other filler such as glass ionomer. There is a strong need to understand the scientific method, to conduct the clinical trial, and to perform the laboratory test to evaluate role of each parameter, constituent in the performance of dental composite. The present research reviewed the recent finding, possible opportunity and challenges for use of glass ionomer as replacement of nanofiller in dental composite. The existing literature on the favorable and non‐favorable side of glass ionomer is critically evaluated. The major aspect considered in the present review was to evaluate the surface roughness, mechanical properties and wear properties. The present article attempted to provide a state‐ of‐ the‐art analysis of fabrication method, surface treatment method and comparative analysis on role of particulate filler versus glass ionomer on the performance based on mechanical and wear testing mechanism.
Perception–Action Integration Is Altered in Functional Movement Disorders
Authors: Weissbach Anne , Moyé Josephine , Takacs Adam , Verrel Julius , Chwolka Fabian , Friedrich Julia , Paulus Theresa , Zittel Simone , Bäumer Tobias , Frings Christian , Pastötter Bernhard , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough functional neurological movement disorders (FMD) are characterized by motor symptoms, sensory processing has also been shown to be disturbed. However, how the integration of perception and motor processes, essential for the control of goal‐directed behavior, is altered in patients with FMD is less clear. A detailed investigation of these processes is crucial to foster a better understanding of the pathophysiology of FMD and can systematically be achieved in the framework of the theory of event coding (TEC).ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate perception–action integration processes on a behavioral and neurophysiological level in patients with FMD.MethodsA total of 21 patients and 21 controls were investigated with a TEC‐related task, including concomitant electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. We focused on EEG correlates established to reflect perception–action integration processes. Temporal decomposition allowed to distinguish between EEG codes reflecting sensory (S‐cluster), motor (R‐cluster), and integrated sensory–motor processing (C‐cluster). We also applied source localization analyses.ResultsBehaviorally, patients revealed stronger binding between perception and action, as evidenced by difficulties in reconfiguring previously established stimulus–response associations. Such hyperbinding was paralleled by a modulation of neuronal activity clusters, including reduced C‐cluster modulations of the inferior parietal cortex and altered R‐cluster modulations in the inferior frontal gyrus. Correlations of these modulations with symptom severity were also evident.ConclusionsOur study shows that FMD is characterized by altered integration of sensory information with motor processes. Relations between clinical severity and both behavioral performance and neurophysiological abnormalities indicate that perception–action integration processes are central and a promising concept for the understanding of FMD. © 2023 The Authors.Movement Disorderspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Subjective Cognitive Decline in Women with Features Suggestive of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Flores‐Torres Mario H. , Bjornevik Kjetil , Hung Albert Y. , Healy Brian C. , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Blacker Deborah , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive deficits can be present in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may contribute to identifying individuals with prodromal PD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine whether SCD is more likely to be present in women with features suggestive of prodromal PD compared with women without these features.MethodsThe study population comprised 12,427 women from the Nurses' Health Study selected to investigate prodromal PD. Prodromal and risk markers of PD were assessed via self‐administered questionnaires. We evaluated the association of hyposmia, constipation, and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, three major features of prodromal PD, with SCD, adjusting for age, education, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, and depression. We also explored whether SCD was associated with the probability of prodromal PD and conducted additional analyses using data from neurocognitive tests.ResultsWomen experiencing the three examined nonmotor features had the worst mean SCD score and the highest odds of poor subjective cognition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–2.47). This association persisted when women with objective cognitive deficits were excluded from analyses. SCD was also more common in women with a probability of prodromal PD ≥0.80, particularly among those aged younger than 75 years (OR of poor subjective cognition = 6.57 [95% CI, 2.43–17.77]). These observations were consistent with the results from analyses using neurocognitive tests, where a worse global cognitive performance was observed among women with three features.ConclusionsOur study suggests that self‐perceived cognitive decline can be present during the prodromal phase of PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Predicting physical activity and sarcopenia‐related health outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A test of the self‐determination theory
Authors: Kim Chun‐Ja , Yun Hye‐Won , Kang Hee Sun , Jung Ju‐Yang , Schlenk Elizabeth A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine a hypothetical model of physical activity (PA) and health outcomes related to sarcopenia in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on self‐determination theory.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study included 214 women diagnosed with RA from the outpatient rheumatology department of a university‐affiliated hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from September 2019 to August 2020 through structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and analysed using path analysis to test the hypothesized model. The primary health outcomes were perceived health status and sarcopenia‐related health (thigh circumference, handgrip strength and sarcopenia risk).ResultsThe final model's fit indices were adequate. Physical activity was directly affected by motivation for PA, while depression, self‐efficacy for PA, health care provider's autonomy support and basic psychological needs satisfaction indirectly affected PA. Physical activity directly affected perceived health status and thigh circumference, while perceived sarcopenia risk and handgrip strength were directly affected by disease activity and age.Patient or Public ContributionPatients were involved in a questionnaire‐based survey.
Health advocacy role performance of nurses in underserved populations: A grounded theory study
Authors: Laari Luke , Duma Sinegugu Evidence 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimNurses' health advocacy (HA) role requires them to speak up for patients, clients, and communities in relation to healthcare. Various studies report the importance of the HA role of the nurse in healthcare. However, nurses' performance in this role is not clear yet. The present study aims to identify and explain how nurses perform their HA role in underserved populations.DesignQualitative grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin.MethodsData were gathered from three regional hospitals in Ghana with 24 registered nurses and midwives as participants through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques. Face‐to‐face in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted from August 2019 to February 2020. The data were analysed using Strauss and Corbin's method and Nvivo software. The reporting follows Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.FindingsThe HA role performance theory emerged from data with role enquiry, role dimension, role context, role influence, role reforms and role performance as building blocks. Data analysis showed that the main concerns of the nurses during their daily practice were mediating, speaking up, and negotiating. Among others, the intervening conditions were clientele influence and interpersonal barriers, whereas the outcome was a balance between role reforms and role performance.ConclusionAlthough some nurses proactively initiated biopsychosocial assessment and performed the HA role, most of them relied on clients' requests to perform the role. Stakeholders should prioritise critical thinking during training and intensify mentoring programmes in the clinical areas.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThe present study explains the process by which nurses perform their roles as health advocates in their daily activities as nurses. The findings can be used to teach and guide clinical practice for the HA role in nursing and other health care fields. There was no patient or public contribution.
Age‐ and sex‐specific changes in visceral fat mass throughout the life‐span
Authors: Baarts Rikke Bannebjerg , Jensen Mads Radmer , Hansen Ole Michael , Haddock Bryan , Prescott Eva , Hovind Peter , Simonsen Lene , Bülow Jens , Suetta Charlotte 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveVisceral fat mass (VFM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and malignancy; however, normative data are limited. The aim of this study was to provide reference data for VFM from a large, apparently healthy Caucasian adult population.MethodsVolunteers aged 20 to 93 years from the Copenhagen City Heart Study had a standardized whole‐body dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry scan performed using the iDXA (GE Lunar). Total and regional fat mass was measured. VFM was quantified using the CoreScan application.ResultsA total of 1277 participants were included (708 women, mean [SD], age: 56  [19] years, height: 1.66 [0.07] m, BMI: 24.64 [4.31] kg/m2; and 569 men, age: 57 [18] years, height: 1.80 [0.07] m, BMI: 25.99 [3.86] kg/m2). Increased VFM was positively correlated with age in both sexes. Men had significantly higher VFM in mass (g) after normalization to body size (m2) and total fat mass (p < 0.001). VFM increased more in women with high values of the android/gynoid ratio.ConclusionsNormative data of VFM from a large, healthy Danish cohort aged 20 to 93 years are presented. VFM increased with age in both sexes, but men had significantly higher VFM compared with women with the same BMI, body fat percentage, and fat mass index.
Placental epigenetic marks related to gestational weight gain reveal potential genes associated with offspring obesity parameters
Authors: Gómez‐Vilarrubla Ariadna , Mas‐Parés Berta , Carreras‐Badosa Gemma , Xargay‐Torrent Sílvia , Prats‐Puig Anna , Bonmatí‐Santané Alexandra , de Zegher Francis , Ibañez Lourdes , López‐Bermejo Abel , Bassols Judit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveOffspring exposed to gestational obesity have an increased risk for chronic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetics may play a mechanistic role in metabolic programming. This study aimed to identify placental DNA methylation marks associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) and to study their association with offspring obesity parameters at school age.MethodsA global methylation array was performed in 24 placentas from mothers with different degrees of GWG (screening sample). The methylation percentage of four cytosine‐guanine (CpG) sites and the relative expression of the respective annotated genes were studied in 90 additional placentas (validation sample). Associations of these epigenetic marks with clinical parameters in the offspring at 6 years of age were examined.ResultsThe screening analysis identified 104 CpG sites (97 genes) associated with GWG. The validation analysis of four selected CpG sites (annotating for FRAT1, SNX5, and KCNK3 genes) showed that the upregulation of SNX5 methylation, the downregulation of FRAT1 methylation, and KCNK3 underexpression associated with an adverse metabolic phenotype in children of women with increased GWG.ConclusionsThese results suggest that placental regulation of FRAT1, SNX5, and KCNK3 relates to obesity parameters in offspring exposed to excessive GWG and thereby could condition the risk for future metabolic disorders.image
Optimization of Chondrocyte Viability in Partially Decellularized Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Bergman Maxwell , Harwood Jacqueline , Liu Lumei , Dharmadikhari Sayali , Shontz Kimberly M. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdvancements in tissue‐engineered tracheal replacement (TETR) show promise for the use of partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) to address critical gaps in airway management and reconstruction. In this study, aiming to leverage the immunoprivileged nature of cartilage to preserve tracheal biomechanics, we optimize PDTG for retention of native chondrocytes.Study DesignComparison in vivo murine study.SettingResearch Institute affiliated with Tertiary Pediatric Hospital.MethodsPDTG were created per a shortened decellularization protocol using sodium dodecyl sulfate, then biobanked via cryopreservation technique. Decellularization efficiency was characterized by DNA assay and histology. Viability and apoptosis of chondrocytes in preimplanted PDTG and biobanked native trachea (control) was assessed with live/dead and apoptosis assays. PDTG (N = 5) and native trachea (N = 6) were orthotopically implanted in syngeneic recipients for 1‐month. At the endpoint, microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) was employed to interrogate graft patency and radiodensity in vivo. Vascularization and epithelialization were qualitatively analyzed using histology images following explant.ResultsPDTG exhibited complete decellularization of all extra‐cartilaginous cells and reduced DNA content compared to control. Chondrocyte viability and nonapoptotic cell populations were improved utilizing biobanking and shorter decellularization time. All grafts remained patent. Evaluation of graft radiodensity at 1 month revealed elevation of Hounsfield units in both PDTG and native compared to host, with PDTG showing higher radiodensity than native. PDTG supported complete epithelialization and functional reendothelialization 1‐month postimplantation.ConclusionOptimizing PDTG chondrocyte viability is a key component to successful tracheal replacement. Ongoing research seeks to evaluate the acute and chronic immunogenicity of PDTG.
Thermal aging effect of polyamide 6 matrix composites produced by Tailor Fiber Placement (TFP) under compression molding on sliding wear properties
Authors: Sahin Alp Eren , Yarar Eser , Kara Hasan , Cep Emine Bas , Bora Mustafa Ozgur , Yilmaz Taner 
Published: June 2023

AbstractToday, the aim is to reduce the harm caused by vehicles to the environment in accordance with decisions made to address environmental pollution and the global climate crisis. To this end, in addition to design improvements, and technological advancements, materials that can reduce the weight of the vehicles and provide the desired mechanical properties, are being studied. Glass fiber‐polyamide composites offer a unique combination of properties that make them suitable for a wide range of applications in the automotive industry. This study focused on the production of GF‐PA6 composites using compression molding and Tailor Fiber Placement (TFP) technology. The production was carried out at a constant temperature of 300°C, and 16 bar pressure, with holding times of 270–300–330 s. Short‐term thermal aging cycles were also applied to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the GF‐PA6 composite material. The wear behavior of the composite was then assessed through sliding wear tests, which indicated that an increase in holding time improved the wear resistance, while the aging process had a negative impact. The experimental results were analyzed statistically using response surface methodology (RSM) and showed a statistically consistent response. It was found that aging had no significant effect on the coefficient of friction (COF), but significantly impacted the wear rate. The COF of composite samples decreased approximately 35% with increasing holding time. When the sliding distance increased from 150 to 300 m, the wear rate value decreased by 24% in non‐aged samples and by 35% in aged samples.
‘Nachit’, a wild‐relative‐derived durum wheat resilient to climate change in Morocco
Authors: Taghouti Mona , Bassi Filippo Maria , Nasrellah Nsarelhaq , Amri Ahmed , Motawaj Jihan , Nachit Miloudi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMorocco, in North Africa, is a country vastly exposed to the whims of climate change, with frequent moisture and heat stresses occurring throughout the season. Hence, developing climate‐resilient, high‐yielding, and nutritious cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. durum (Desf.)] is a major goal and challenge of Moroccan crop breeders. In that sense, the exploitation of crop wild relatives (CWRs) holds great potential to increase genetic diversity for critical adaptation traits. ‘Nachit’ (Reg. no. CV‐1202, PI 702365) is a CWR‐derived durum wheat cultivar released in 2018 for cultivation in Morocco by a joint effort of the National Institute of Agronomic Research, Morocco and the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas. Nachit was released due to its good adaptation to the Moroccan dry conditions combined with high yield potential under irrigated conditions, extremely large grains, and richness in protein content. It also combines several traits for drought tolerance such as earliness and deep root system. Nachit was derived from a top cross between two elite lines and a wild emmer [T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides] collected in Syria. Hence, it provides a substantial example of exploitation of CWRs to achieve a superior cultivar adapted to the climatic stresses and responding to human needs.