bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin – the New Multipotential Drug of the Future?
Authors: Baranowska Alicja , Matyka Kamila , Matyszewska Aleksandra , Słowiaczek Anna , Sutkowski Jakub , Wilczewska Ewelina , Wojnar Marcin 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Melatonin is a well-known drug and dietary supplement that is steadily growing in popularity on the pharmaceutical market. This indolamine, which has been known for more than 50 years, is produced by the pineal gland depending on the circadian rhythm. Also referred to as the "darkness hormone" and secreted mainly during nighttime hours, it is primarily associated with the treatment of sleep-wake rhythm disorders or disorders associated with sudden shifting time zones (jet lag). However, many scientific studies have shown that melatonin has multidirectional effects. It is used both as a chronobiotic, i.e., a drug that regulates circadian rhythms, as well as having anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-carcinogenic properties, regulating mitochondrial function, and affecting many systems and organs, keeping the organism in a state of homeostasis.
Purpose: This review article aims to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of melatonin, its current indications in clinical practice, and potential future directions for therapy use.
Materials and methods: A summary of reports available in publications and scientific studies posted in medical information databases: Pubmed, CrossRef, Google Scholar, and book positions.
Results: The pleiotropic effect of melatonin can be used as an supportive drug in the treatment of sleep disorders, disorders of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system, and many oncological diseases.
Conclusions: Despite a number of important reports on the positive effects of melatonin in the treatment of disorders in many areas of medicine, it is necessary to deepen research with its participation and the emergence of recommendations for its use in order to safely introduce the drug into common clinical practice.
Study protocol for development of an options assessment toolkit (OAT) for national malaria programs in Asia Pacific to determine best combinations of vivax radical cure for their given contexts
Authors: Shrestha Manash , Neukom Josselyn , Acharya Sanjaya , Habib Muhammad Naeem , Wini Lyndes , Duong Tran Thanh , Thang Ngo Duc , Lhazeen Karma , Thriemer Kamala , Lynch Caroline Anita 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Recent advances in G6PD deficiency screening and treatment are rapidly changing the landscape of radical cure of vivax malaria available for National Malaria Programs (NMPs). While NMPs await the WHO’s global policy guidance on these advances, they will also need to consider different contextual factors related to the vivax burden, health system capacity, and resources available to support changes to their policies and practices. Therefore, we aim to develop an Options Assessment Toolkit (OAT) that enables NMPs to systematically determine optimal radical cure options for their given environments and potentially reduce decision-making delays. This protocol outlines the OAT development process.

Methods
Utilizing participatory research methods, the OAT will be developed in four phases where the NMPs and experts will have active roles in designing the research process and the toolkit. In the first phase, an essential list of epidemiological, health system, and political & economic factors will be identified. In the second phase, 2–3 NMPs will be consulted to determine the relative priority and measurability of these factors. These factors and their threshold criteria will be validated with experts using a modified e-Delphi approach. In addition, 4–5 scenarios representing country contexts in the Asia Pacific region will be developed to obtain the expert-recommended radical cure options for each scenario. In the third phase, additional components of OAT, such as policy evaluation criteria, latest information on new radical cure options, and others, will be finalized. The OAT will be pilot-tested with other Asia Pacific NMPs in the final phase.

Ethics and dissemination
Human Research Ethics Committee approval has been received from the Northern Territory, Department of Health, and Menzies School of Health Research (HREC Reference Number: 2022–4245). The OAT will be made available for the NMPs, introduced at the APMEN Vivax Working Group annual meeting, and reported in international journals.
Polygenic risk scores for asthma and allergic disease associate with COVID-19 severity in 9/11 responders
Authors: Waszczuk Monika A. , Morozova Olga , Lhuillier Elizabeth , Docherty Anna R. , Shabalin Andrey A. , Yang Xiaohua , Carr Melissa A. , Clouston Sean A. P. , Kotov Roman , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Genetic factors contribute to individual differences in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A portion of genetic predisposition can be captured using polygenic risk scores (PRS). Relatively little is known about the associations between PRS and COVID-19 severity or post-acute COVID-19 in community-dwelling individuals.

Methods
Participants in this study were 983 World Trade Center responders infected for the first time with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age at infection = 56.06; 93.4% male; 82.7% European ancestry). Seventy-five (7.6%) responders were in the severe COVID-19 category; 306 (31.1%) reported at least one post-acute COVID-19 symptom at 4-week follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for population stratification and demographic covariates.

Findings
The asthma PRS was associated with severe COVID-19 category (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.17–2.21) and more severe COVID-19 symptomatology (β = .09, p = .01), independently of respiratory disease diagnosis. Severe COVID-19 category was also associated with the allergic disease PRS (OR = 1.97, [1.26–3.07]) and the PRS for COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 1.35, [1.01–1.82]). PRS for coronary artery disease and type II diabetes were not associated with COVID-19 severity.

Conclusion
Recently developed polygenic biomarkers for asthma, allergic disease, and COVID-19 hospitalization capture some of the individual differences in severity and clinical course of COVID-19 illness in a community population.
Factors associated with undernutrition among pregnant women in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia: A community-based study
Authors: Fite Meseret Belete , Tura Abera Kenay , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe , Oljira Lemessa , Roba Kedir Teji 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Although undernutrition in pregnancy has continued to get global attention as pregnancy is considered a critical period in the life cycle owed to increase the metabolic and physiological demands, evidence is scarce on undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the undernutrition and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurement, and hemoglobin analysis by trained research assistants. An adjusted Prevalence ratio (aPR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI), were used to report associations. Poisson regression analysis model with a robust variance estimate identified variables associated with undernutrition. Data were double entered using Epi-data 3.1 and cleaned, coded, checked for missing and outliers, and analyzed using Stata 14 (College Station, Texas 77845 USA. Finally, the p-value <0.05 was the cut-off point for the significant association.

Results
A total of 448 pregnant women with a mean age of 25.68 (± 5.16) were included in the study. The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 47.9% (95% CI: 43%-53%). From the analysis, the undernutrition was more likely higher among respondents who had five or more family members (APR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02–1.40), lower dietary diversity (APR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.13–2.21) and those who were anemic (APR = 4.27; 95% CI = 3.17–5.76).

Conclusion
Nearly half of the pregnant women in study area were undernourished. High prevalence was found among women who had large family sizes, low dietary diversity and anemia during pregnancy. Improving dietary diversity, strengthening family planning services and giving special attention to pregnant women, supplementation of iron and folic acid, and early detection and treatment of anemia is essential to improve the high burden of undernutrition and the adverse effect on pregnant women and the fetus.
In-hospital stress and patient outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ford Daniel M. , Budworth Luke , Lawton Rebecca , Teale Elizabeth A. , O’Connor Daryl B. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Hospital inpatients are exposed to high levels of stress during hospitalisation that may increase susceptibility to major adverse health events post-hospitalisation (known as post-hospital syndrome). However, the existing evidence base has not been reviewed and the magnitude of this relationship remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to: 1) synthesise existing evidence and to determine the strength of the relationship between in-hospital stress and patient outcomes, and 2) determine if this relationship differs between (i) in-hospital vs post-hospital outcomes, and (ii) subjective vs objective outcome measures.

Methods
A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to February 2023 was conducted. Included studies reported a measure of perceived and appraised stress while in hospital, and at least one patient outcome. A random-effects model was generated to pool correlations (Pearson’s r), followed by sub-group and sensitivity analyses. The study protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021237017).

Results
A total of 10 studies, comprising 16 effects and 1,832 patients, satisfied the eligibility criteria and were included. A small-to-medium association was found: as in-hospital stress increased, patient outcomes deteriorated (r = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.12–0.26; I2 = 63.6; p < 0.001). This association was significantly stronger for (i) in-hospital versus post-hospital outcomes, and (ii) subjective versus objective outcome measures. Sensitivity analyses indicated that our findings were robust.

Conclusions
Higher levels of psychological stress experienced by hospital inpatients are associated with poorer patient outcomes. However, more high-quality, larger scale studies are required to better understand the association between in-hospital stressors and adverse outcomes.
Constraints on the dark matter from the relative motion of the galaxies
Authors: L. Khokhlov Dr. 
Published: March 2023

The method is considered of deriving the dynamical masses of the neighbouring galaxies from their relative motion. The method allows to constrain the dark matter in galaxies, independently of the model of dark matter. The following pairs of galaxies were studied, the Milky Way and M31, Cen A and M83 as well as the brightest galaxies in the Virgo cluster, M87 and M60, M87 and M89, M87 and M49. The dynamical masses of the galaxies obtained from the relative motion of the galaxies are smaller than the total masses of the galaxies obtained in the Î›CDM model.Â Â Â
Light deflection angle in General Relativity via Daftardar-Jafari method
Authors: K. Shchigolev V. 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the iterative method suggested by Daftardar and Jafari hereafter called Daftardar-Jafari method (DJM) is applied for studying the deflection of light in General Relativity. For this purpose, a brief review of the nonlinear geodesic equations in the spherical symmetry spacetime and the main ideas of DJM are given. As an illustrative example, the simple case of the Schwarzschild metric is considered for which the approximate solution to the null-geodesic equation and the deflection angle of light are obtained. We also compare the obtained result with some similar results presented earlier in the literature.Â Â
Effect of process variables on green synthesis of copper nanoparticles from solanum lycopersicum and Psidium guajava and its antibacterial activities
Authors: Muhammad A. , Umar Ashiru , U Birnin-Yauri A. , Abubakar Sanni H. , A.R Ige , M Elinge C. 
Published: March 2023

In this study copper nanoparticles were synthesized using extracts from Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) and Psidium guajava (Guava) fruits. The synthesis process optimized experimental conditions such as temperature, concentration of precursor and amount of fruit extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using Uv-vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. Copper nanoparticles synthesized with tomato and guava extracts had diameters of 52nm and 25nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested using pathogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and their results revealed that copper nanoparticles are promising antibacterial agents. The optimum conditions for the synthesis were 0.05 M, 80 oC and 10cm3 for concentration, temperature and volume of fruit extract, respectively.Â Â Â
Proximate, minerals and anti-nutritional composition of daniellia oliveri (maje) tender leaves
Authors: Muhammad Aliyu , Umar Birnin-Yauri Abubakar , Moki Elinge Cosmos , Rapheal Ige Ayodeji 
Published: March 2023

The Nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of tender leaves of Daniellia oliveri were analyzed in this study. The results of the proximate analysis were as follows, moisture content (78.67Â±2.31%), ash (4.67Â±0.29%), crude lipid (2.67Â±0.29%), crude protein (7.23Â±0.13%), crude fibre (2.33Â±0.29%), available carbohydrate (4.43Â±2.59%) and the energy value (70.67Â±12.45 kJ/kg). In elemental analysis, potassium has the highest concentration (3766.67Â±57.74 mg/100g), zinc (0.1502Â±0.00020 mg/100 g) is the lowest and lead (0.2352Â±0.00015 mg/100g). The anti-nutritional parameters analyzed includes; phytate (6.7592 mg/100g), oxalate (0.0023mg/100g), saponin (1.20mg/100g), tannin (430.80mg/100 g), hydrocyanic acid (122.73 mg/100g). The anti-nutrients to nutrients ratio show the bioavailability of some essential minerals, with the exception of [cyanides] and [tannin] in the tender leaves. These reach significant levels and are expected to reduce bioavailability of iron, magnesium and zinc in tender leaves.Â Â
Crystal density of CaS under pressure up to 40 GPa
Authors: Bioud Nadhira , Mezouar Rabie 
Published: March 2023

Based on the experimental ground state parameters reported in the literature (Luo et al., Phys. Rev. B 50 (1994)16232-16237); in the present work we reproduce the variation in the volume with the pressure up to 40 GPa for calcium sulfide (CaS) compound, which criticized in cubic rock-salt structure. We used two different models of equation of state (EOS); the fist is the model of Vinet, while the second one is the EOS Murnaghanâ€™s model. We studied also the effect of the pressure on the crystal density. We established some analytical models relating the volume with the pressure, as well as the crystal density with the pressure.Finally, we predicted the melting point, the Debye temperature and the sound velocity of CaS material, which are 1202.2 K, 423.7 K, and 4049.5 m/s, respectively.Â Â Â
The utilization of moringa (moringa oleifera) seed powder as a biocoagulant and flocculant in waste water treatment coal mining industry
Authors: . Marhaini , . Legiso , . Mutiara 
Published: March 2023

Mineralogically, acid mine drainage consists of minerals such as silica, iron silicate, magnesium, sodium, potassium and sulfide. These minerals can undergo oxidation (especially pyrite oxidation) to form acidic salts with a pH of 2.8-3.4. Moringa seed powder activity test were performed by adding 30% H2O2 to coal waste water treatment; Moringa seed powder was added to 2 L of coal waste water and stirred for 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 minutes. Observations were analyzed using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectofotometry) to measure the quality of degraded waste water and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the pH value reached 7.6 in the addition of H2O2 at the mixing time of 250 minutes, the TSS level reached 0 at the stirring period of 250 minutes without the addition of Moringa oleifera powder, while the addition of H2O2 and Moringa oleifera seed powder decreased heavy metals with an average of 69.06%at the stirring period of 100 minutes.Â Â
A simple water treatment procedure using a moringa activated two-tier filtration and Nano-silver impregnated ceramic pot system
Authors: M. Akpomie Timothy , P. I Ogah S. , Ngunan Patience Wombo , Pheobe Sorphy Samuel , Lawrencia Labaran , E. Jonathan Okewu , Amos Edekioyaihegbo Ohiobo 
Published: March 2023

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a customized ceramic pot treated with moringa oleifera and coated with silver sulphate solution for domestic water treatment. The customized pots were made by combining clay with sawdust at different ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 respectively then coated with colloidal silver. The results obtained from all filtration pots indicated a 100% removal of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli and were thus suitable for deployment in drinking water treatment. All ratios of the filtration pots were found to be effective, however, the 60:40 was found to be more practicable because of its higher filtration rate. Additionally, it was noted that the various filtration pots were very effective in lowering the higher values of the physicochemical parameters of pH, TS, TDS, TSS and turbidity as compared to the values of the world health organization (WHO) standard. This filtration method was however, not very effective in the reduction of the elemental concentration of the respective raw water samples. Overall, the results obtained encouraged the use of the two-tier filtration system especially in rural and developing areas where sophisticated dosing equipment or appropriate dose of the moringa oleifera is not required as different dosages were all effective and did not pose any undesirable effect on the physicochemical and elemental composition of the treated water samples.Â Â
Bioactive composition and TLC profile data on PAX herbal health tea and PAX herbal diatea
Authors: Ayobami Owolabi Tunde , Amodu Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

Background: The phytoconstituents of herbal drugs are largely influenced by the quality control system used during and post-production processes including the handling of such products. Thin Layer Chromatography is one of such quality control parameters that demonstrate uniqueness and uniformity between various substances, serving as an identity for such substances.Â Pax Herbal Health tea (PHT) and Pax Herbal Diatea (PDT) are polyherbal drugs, PHT is used as a tonic for general wellness, while, PDT is used in the management and treatment of diabetes. This study evaluated the different phytoconstituents present and developed Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) fingerprint profiles for PHT and PDT to serve as quality control checks during the production for consistency and market uniqueness after production.Material and Methods: Qualitative phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were carried out using standard methods.Results: The phyto-screening revealed the presence of Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Tanin, Terpenoids, Reducing sugar, Steroid, and Cardiac glycoside in PHT while, Saponin, Tanin, Steroids, Reducing sugar, Flavonoid, and Terpenoids were observed in PDT. The TLC finger-print chromatograms of PHT after development with n-Hexane:Ethyl acetate (3:2) showed four distinct components under ultraviolet light at 365 nm, and three spots when sprayed with 20% methanolic sulphuric under visible light, while, PDT developed in n-Hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol (2.5:2:0.5) revealed three fluorescent components at 365 nm and four components after sulphuric acid treatment.Conclusion: From this present study, identity cards have been designed for PHT and PDT through bioactive composition and TLC profiles which can be used in accessing the quality and consistency of the herbal drugs.Â Â
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungus
Authors: . Sivanthaperumal , Ansari Thaminum 
Published: March 2023

In recent years, Nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated Zinc oxide nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention related to their unique properties such as exhibit antimicrobial properties. On that account, synthesis of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation method have fascinating properties such as eco-friendly, biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, nontoxicity and polycationic nature. Impact of nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles on biological functions depends on its morphology, particle size, exposure time, concentration, pH, and biocompatibility. They are more effective against microorganisms such as, namely Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this paper, synthesis of nanochitosan, chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide and compare their potential applications as an antimicrobial agents were discussed. The nanochitosan and chitosan encapsulated zinc oxide nanoparticles have been characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also examined.Â Â
Studies on ion selectivity of parchment impregnated Ba(II) molybdate artificial membrane
Authors: Ansari Afren , K. Shukla A. , Ayub Ansari Mohd. 
Published: March 2023

Parchment impregnated Ba(II) molybdate artificial membrane was prepared by the ion-interaction method using BaCl2 and Na2MoO4 solutions. The prepared membrane was characterized by sophisticated instrumental techniques such as Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The artificial membrane was tested for its antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) microorganism. The effective fixed charge density of the prepared membrane has been used individually to calculate theoretical bi-ionic potentials (BIP) and compared with experimentally determined values of bi-ionic potential. The selectivity of ions for the membrane has been found as K+>Na+>Li+ which on the basis of the Eisenman-Sherry model of membrane selectivity, points towards the low field strength of the charge groups joined to the membrane matrix. Membrane conductance values has also been experimentally determined.Â Â