bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Zn/Mn‐Based Perovskite (ZnMnO3) as Fabricated by a Sol‐Gel Method for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Tahir Farid Hafiz Muhammad , Noman Saeed Muhammd , Gouadria Soumaya , Farraj Alharbi Fatemah , Aman Salma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy‐saving strategies and programs have been developed by the appropriate organizations in response to rising concerns about the pollution created by fossil fuels in the environment. Compared to conventional batteries, supercapacitors have several advantages than other, including faster charge and discharge times, higher power density, a longer cycle life, and fever negative effects on the environment. Researchers explored perovskite as a novel class of eco‐friendly electrodes for energy conversion devices. In this study, we developed ZnMnO3 via a sol gel route for supercapacitor application. The phases, structure, valance, morphology and surface of the material are determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), respectively. The electrochemical behavior manifested that the fabricated perovskite exhibited high capacitive efficiency of 889 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The GCD stability test displays the highest capacitive retention of 97 % after 5000 cycles and shows prolong the stability of 50 h. Our findings suggest that the perovskite exhibited the fascinating feature for supercapacitor application to replace the other polluted source of energy.
Controllable surface reconstruction of copper foam for electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol integrated with pure hydrogen production
Authors: Han Yingnan , Yu Chang , Huang Hongling , Wei Qianbing , Dong Junting , Chen Lin , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting that is coupled with electrocatalytic chemical oxidation is considered as one of the promising methods for efficiently obtaining hydrogen energy and fine chemicals. Herein, we focus on an electrochemical redox activation strategy to rationally manipulate the microstructure and surface valence states of copper foam (CF) and boost the corresponding performance towards electrocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation (EBA), accompanied by the efficient hydrogen production. Correspondingly, the Cu(II)‐dominated species are gradually formed on the CF surface with the dissolution and redeposition of copper in the suitable potential range. The new species containing Cu2O, CuO, and Cu(OH)2 during surface reconstruction process of the CF were confirmed by multiple characterization techniques. After 220‐cycled activation (CF‐220), the activated CF achieves an increase of current density for EBA in anode from 9.5 for the original CF to 29.3 mmol/cm2, while the pure hydrogen yield increases threefold than that of the original CF at 1.5 VRHE. The produced new species can endow the CF‐220 with abundant acidity sites, which can enhance the adsorption toward Lewis‐basicity benzyl alcohol, confirmed by NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption. In situ Raman result further reveals that the as‐produced CuO, Cu(OH)2, and Cu(OH)42− are the main active species toward the EBA process.
Evaluation of Starch Properties for Selecting Sorghum Planted under Environmental Stress with Superior Noodle‐Making Properties
Authors: Li Xiao , Kang Xuemin , Hu Jiyong , Gao Wei , Cheng Yue , Yu Bin , Sui Jie , Wang Jiangfei , Cui Bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractKT and Nuo sorghum are planted in saline‐alkali (SA) soil (KT‐S, Nuo11‐S) and nonsaline‐alkali (NSA) soil (KT‐S, Nuo11‐NS) to demonstrate the impact of SA stress on the structure and properties of sorghum starch. SA decreases the amylose content (27.57%–20.43%) but increases the B2 + B3 chain content of branched amylopectin (18.86%–19.57%) in KT, in contrast to Nuo. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) results confirms the crystallinity of sorghum starch, and the degree of ordering in semicrystalline lamellae is arranged as follows: Nuo11‐S > Nuo11‐NS > KT‐S > KT‐NS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirms that SA improves thermal stability of starch granules. The noodles made of sorghum starch exhibit significant hydrolysis resistance compared to common noodles, and a higher hydrolysis rate is shown in SA‐starch noodles. Overall, it is essential to understand the fine structure and physicochemical properties of starch isolated from sorghum planted in different soils to help determine its appropriate applications.
Towards Formal XAI: Formally Approximate Minimal Explanations of Neural Networks
Authors: Bassan Shahaf , Katz Guy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid growth of machine learning, deep neural networks (DNNs) are now being used in numerous domains. Unfortunately, DNNs are “black-boxes”, and cannot be interpreted by humans, which is a substantial concern in safety-critical systems. To mitigate this issue, researchers have begun working on explainable AI (XAI) methods, which can identify a subset of input features that are the cause of a DNN’s decision for a given input. Most existing techniques are heuristic, and cannot guarantee the correctness of the explanation provided. In contrast, recent and exciting attempts have shown that formal methods can be used to generate provably correct explanations. Although these methods are sound, the computational complexity of the underlying verification problem limits their scalability; and the explanations they produce might sometimes be overly complex. Here, we propose a novel approach to tackle these limitations. We (i) suggest an efficient, verification-based method for findingminimal explanations, which constitute aprovable approximationof the global, minimum explanation; (ii) show how DNN verification can assist in calculating lower and upper bounds on the optimal explanation; (iii) propose heuristics that significantly improve the scalability of the verification process; and (iv) suggest the use ofbundles, which allows us to arrive at more succinct and interpretable explanations. Our evaluation shows that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, and produces explanations that are more useful to humans. We thus regard this work as a step toward leveraging verification technology in producing DNNs that are more reliable and comprehensible.
Validating Streaming JSON Documents with Learned VPAs
Authors: Bruyère Véronique , Pérez Guillermo A. , Staquet Gaëtan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present a new streaming algorithm to validate JSON documents against a set of constraints given as a JSON schema. Among the possible values a JSON document can hold, objects are unordered collections of key-value pairs while arrays are ordered collections of values. We prove that there always exists a visibly pushdown automaton (VPA) that accepts the same set of JSON documents as a JSON schema. Leveraging this result, our approach relies on learning a VPA for the provided schema. As the learned VPA assumes a fixed order on the key-value pairs of the objects, we abstract its transitions in a special kind of graph, and propose an efficient streaming algorithm using the VPA and its graph to decide whether a JSON document is valid for the schema. We evaluate the implementation of our algorithm on a number of random JSON documents, and compare it to the classical validation algorithm.
Antichains Algorithms for the Inclusion Problem Between $$\omega $$-VPL
Authors: Doveri Kyveli , Ganty Pierre , Hadži-Đokić Luka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe define novel algorithms for the inclusion problem between two visibly pushdown languages of infinite words, an EXPTime-complete problem. Our algorithms search for counterexamples to inclusion in the form of ultimately periodic words i.e. words of the form $$uv^{\omega }$$

u

v
ω

where $$u$$
u
and $$v$$
v
are finite words. They are parameterized by a pair of quasiorders telling which ultimately periodic words need not be tested as counterexamples to inclusion without compromising completeness. The pair of quasiorders enables distinct reasoning for prefixes and periods of ultimately periodic words thereby allowing to discard even more words compared to using the same quasiorder for both. We put forward two families of quasiorders: the state-based quasiorders based on automata and the syntactic quasiorders based on languages. We also implemented our algorithm and conducted an empirical evaluation on benchmarks from software verification.
ParaQooba: A Fast and Flexible Framework for Parallel and Distributed QBF Solving
Authors: Heisinger Maximilian , Seidl Martina , Biere Armin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the last years, innovative parallel and distributed SAT solving techniques were presented that could impressively exploit the power of modern hardware and cloud systems. Two approaches were particularly successful: (1) search-space splitting in a Divide-and-Conquer (D &C) manner and (2) portfolio-based solving. The latter executes different solvers or configurations of solvers in parallel. For quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs), the extension of propositional logic with quantifiers, there is surprisingly little recent work in this direction compared to SAT.In this paper, we present ParaQooba, a novel framework for parallel and distributed QBF solving which combines D &C parallelization and distribution with portfolio-based solving. Our framework is designed in such a way that it can be easily extended and arbitrary sequential QBF solvers can be integrated out of the box, without any programming effort. We show how ParaQooba orchestrates the collaboration of different solvers for joint problem solving by performing an extensive evaluation on benchmarks from QBFEval’22, the most recent QBF competition.
Entanglement of stationary states in the presence of unstable quasiparticles
Authors: Horváth Dávid X. , Calabrese Pasquale , Castro-Alvaredo Olalla A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The effect of unstable quasiparticles in the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of certain integrable systems has been the subject of several recent studies. In this paper we focus on the stationary value of the entanglement entropy density, its growth rate, and related functions, after a quantum quench. We consider several quenches, each of which is characterised by a corresponding squeezed coherent state. In the quench action approach, the coherent state amplitudes K(θ) become input data that fully characterise the large-time stationary state, thus also the corresponding Yang-Yang entropy. We find that, as function of the mass of the unstable particle, the entropy growth rate has a global minimum signalling the depletion of entropy that accompanies a slowdown of stable quasiparticles at the threshold for the formation of an unstable excitation. We also observe a separation of scales governed by the interplay between the mass of the unstable particle and the quench parameter, separating a non-interacting regime described by free fermions from an interacting regime where the unstable particle is present. This separation of scales leads to a double-plateau structure of many functions, where the relative height of the plateaux is related to the ratio of central charges of the UV fixed points associated with the two regimes, in full agreement with conformal field theory predictions. The properties of several other functions of the entropy and its growth rate are also studied in detail, both for fixed quench parameter and varying unstable particle mass and viceversa.
Parity-violation in bouncing cosmology
Authors: Zhu Mian , Cai Yong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the possibility of the enhancement of parity-violation signal in bouncing cosmology. Specifically, we are interested in deciding which phase should generate the most significant parity-violation signals. We find that the dominant contribution comes from the bouncing phase, while the contraction phase has a smaller contribution. Therefore, bouncing cosmology can enhance the parity-violation signals during the bouncing phase. Moreover, since the bouncing phase has the highest energy scale in bouncing cosmology, we can also probe new physics at this scale by studying the parity-violation effect.
Aging microglia
Authors: Antignano Ignazio , Liu Yingxiao , Offermann Nina , Capasso Melania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroglia are the tissue-resident macrophage population of the brain, specialized in supporting the CNS environment and protecting it from endogenous and exogenous insults. Nonetheless, their function declines with age, in ways that remain to be fully elucidated. Given the critical role played by microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, a better understanding of the aging microglia phenotype is an essential prerequisite in designing better preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the most recent literature on microglia in aging, comparing findings in rodent models and human subjects.
Existence of Steady Solutions for a Model for Micropolar Electrorheological Fluid Flows with Not Globally log-Hölder Continuous Shear Exponent
Authors: Kaltenbach Alex , Růžička Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of weak solutions to a steady system that describes the motion of a micropolar electrorheological fluid. The constitutive relations for the stress tensors belong to the class of generalized Newtonian fluids. The analysis of this particular problem leads naturally to weighted variable exponent Sobolev spaces. We establish the existence of solutions for a material function$${\hat{p}}$$p^that is$$\log $$log-Hölder continuous and an electric field$$\textbf{E}$$Efor that$$\vert \textbf{E}\vert ^2$$|E|2is bounded and smooth. Note that these conditions do not imply that the variable shear exponent$$p={\hat{p}}\circ \vert \textbf{E}\vert ^2$$p=p^∘|E|2is globally$$\log $$log-Hölder continuous.
Quantification methods of determining brewer’s and pharmaceutical yeast cell viability: accuracy and impact of nanoparticles
Authors: Eigenfeld Marco , Wittmann Leonie , Kerpes Roland , Schwaminger Sebastian , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor industrial processes, a fast, precise, and reliable method of determining the physiological state of yeast cells, especially viability, is essential. However, an increasing number of processes use magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for yeast cell manipulation, but their impact on yeast cell viability and the assay itself is unclear. This study tested the viability of Saccharomyces pastorianus ssp. carlsbergensis and Pichia pastoris by comparing traditional colourimetric, high-throughput, and growth assays with membrane fluidity. Results showed that methylene blue staining is only reliable for S. pastorianus cells with good viability, being erroneous in low viability (R2 = 0.945; $$\widehat{\sigma }$$

σ
^

= 5.78%). In comparison, the fluorescence microscopy–based assay of S. pastorianus demonstrated a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.991 at $$\alpha =0$$

α
=
0

($$\widehat{\sigma }$$

σ
^

= 2.50%) and flow cytometric viability determination using carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), enabling high-throughput analysis of representative cell numbers; R2 = 0.972 ($$\alpha =0$$

α
=
0

; $$\widehat{\sigma }$$

σ
^

= 3.89%). Membrane fluidity resulted in a non-linear relationship with the viability of the yeast cells ($$\alpha \ne 0$$

α
≠
0

). We also determined similar results using P. pastoris yeast. In addition, we demonstrated that MNPs affected methylene blue staining by overestimating viability. The random forest model has been shown to be a precise method for classifying nanoparticles and yeast cells and viability differentiation in flow cytometry by using CFDA. Moreover, CFDA and membrane fluidity revealed precise results for both yeasts, also in the presence of nanoparticles, enabling fast and reliable determination of viability in many experiments using MNPs for yeast cell manipulation or separation.
Evaluation of volatile and chemical profile of sherry-like white wine Vernaccia di Oristano from Sardinia by comprehensive targeted and untargeted approach
Authors: Petretto Giacomo , Urgeghe Pietro Paolo , Cabizza Roberto , Del Caro Alessandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the chemical–physical and volatile profile of sherry-like white wines with different aging time from three different areas of Sardinia. Proximate chemical composition, CIELab color coordinates and absorbances at 280 and 420 nm were determined. Volatile compounds were determined by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) using a targeted and untargeted approach. Significant correlations among the age of the wine and most of the chemical physical parameters, such as alcohol content, total acidity, volatile acidity, glycerol and polyphenols were observed. A280 and A420 values were highest, as expected, in the oldest wines as well as an increase of a* low values for L* were found during aging. Fifty-nine volatile compounds were identified, among which ethyl acetate, amyl/iso-amyl alcohol, ethyl octanoate, benzaldehyde, ethyl decanoate and phenylethyl alcohol were predominant. The untargeted approach was able to discriminate wines according to their production area, and within each group, according to the year of production.
Predictors of Nodal Disease in Rectal Cancer Patients with Complete Mucosal Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Maron David J. , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) achieve complete mucosal response following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and may be candidates for watch and wait strategy. This study aimed to identify predictors of nodal disease in patients with LARC who had a complete mucosal response to NAT.MethodsThis case–control study included patients with LARC who were treated with NAT in the National Cancer Database between 2004 and 2019. Patients with complete mucosal response, defined as pathologic T0, were identified and classified according to the status of the pathologic N stage into complete response (pT0, pN0) and complete mucosal response with positive nodal disease (pT0, pN +). The two groups were compared regarding baseline demographics and tumor characteristics to determine the predictors of nodal disease after NAT.ResultsA total of 5529 patients (59.7% male) with a mean age of 59.6 ± 12.2 years had a complete mucosal response following NAT. Nodal disease was detected in 443 (8%) patients with a complete mucosal response. Independent predictors of nodal disease were clinical N + stage (OR: 1.87, p < 0.001), mucinous histology (OR: 3.8, p = 0.003), and lymphovascular invasion (OR = 4.01, p < 0.001). The clinical T stage was inversely related to the risk of nodal disease.ConclusionsDespite having a complete mucosal response following NAT, 8% of patients had nodal disease. Clinical evidence of nodal involvement on preoperative assessment, mucinous tumor histology, and lymphovascular invasion predicted nodal disease after NAT. These findings should be considered when making a decision on watch and wait strategy in patients with clinical complete response.
Low-frequency variability enhancement of the midlatitude climate in an eddy-resolving coupled ocean–atmosphere model—part II: ocean mechanisms
Authors: Kurashina Ryosuke , Berloff Pavel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the spatial inhomogeneity of the time-averaged, quasigeostrophic, double-gyre circulation response to fixed, realistic, large-scale modes of wind-stress forcing. While the companion paper of this study focused on understanding the anatomy of low-frequency, midlatitude climate variability in an idealised, eddy-resolving coupled model, this paper looked at understanding the nature of the wind-induced ocean gyre response using an ocean-only configuration of the same model. Our analysis revealed two, time-averaged responses to an east–west dipole, wind-stress curl anomaly in the ocean basin. Firstly, wind-stress anomalies in the western ocean basin led to changes in relative strength of the inertial recirculation zones and jet-axis tilt. This is consistent with an advection-dominated, nonlinear adjustment of the ocean gyres to anomalous forcing. Secondly, wind-stress curl anomalies in the eastern ocean basin was found to induce a largely independent response involving meridional shifts of the western boundary current extension (WBCE). The effects of time-averaged advection in this region are weak and the discovery of westward-propagating Rossby waves along the WBCE revealed the response is more akin to a baroclinic Rossby wave adjustment.
First results of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, applied as a screening tool for psychosocial difficulties in pediatric audiology
Authors: de Jong Tjeerd J. , van der Schroeff Marc P. , Achterkamp Marieke D. , Vroegop Jantien L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeDespite major improvements in rehabilitation possibilities, children with sensorineural hearing loss are at risk for psychosocial difficulties. These difficulties can impact their educational and career achievements and may be two to three times more common in children with hearing loss compared to those with normal hearing. Early identification of psychosocial difficulties can be facilitated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and may improve outcomes and quality of life. We implemented the SDQ into the clinical follow-up of children with hearing loss in a tertiary referral hospital. With this, prevalence and severity of difficulties in specific psychosocial domains and several predictors were investigated.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional investigation was performed of the following factors in association with the SDQ results: type of hearing device, type and degree of hearing loss, speech perception in quiet and in noise, and type of schooling.ResultsBetween June 2020 and January 2022, parents of 312 children (age 4–18) completed the SDQ. An additional 113 child-reports were completed. The response rate of the parents was 69%. Problems with peer relationships and prosocial behavior were the most affected areas with clinically elevated scores in 22% of the children. Psychosocial difficulties were distributed similarly across types of hearing device, nature and degrees of hearing loss, and educational settings. Better speech perception in quiet was significantly associated with fewer parent-reported conduct problems.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that children with hearing loss may be at risk of experiencing challenges with social interactions and attachment in social contexts. Using the SDQ in clinical follow-up may improve the chances for early psychological assessment and intervention. In addition, the study found that children’s mental health may be impacted by their communication abilities.