bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results from a type two hybrid‐effectiveness study to implement a preoperative anemia and iron deficiency screening, evaluation, and management pathway
Authors: Delaforce Alana , Farmer Shannon , Duff Jed , Munday Judy , Miller Kristin , Glover Lynne , Corney Chris , Ansell Gareth , Gutta Naadir , Tuffaha Haitham , Hardy Janet , Hurst Cameron 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of pathways to screen surgical patients for preoperative anemia and iron deficiency remains limited. This study sought to measure the impact of a theoretically informed, bespoke change package on improving the uptake of a Preoperative Anemia and Iron Deficiency Screening, Evaluation, and Management Pathway.Study Design and MethodsPre‐post interventional study using a type two hybrid‐effectiveness design evaluated implementation. Four hundred (400) patient medical record reviews provided the dataset (200 pre‐ and 200‐post implementation). The primary outcome measure was compliance with the pathway. Secondary outcome measures (clinical outcomes) were anemia on day of surgery, exposure to a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, and hospital length of stay. Validated surveys facilitated data collection of implementation measures. Propensity score‐adjusted analyses determined the effect of the intervention on clinical outcomes, and a cost analysis determined the economic impact.ResultsFor the primary outcome, compliance improved significantly post‐implementation (Odds Ratio 10.6 [95% CI 4.4–25.5] p < .000). In secondary outcomes, adjusted analyses point estimates showed clinical outcomes were slightly improved for anemia on day of surgery (Odds Ratio 0.792 [95% CI 0.5–1.3] p = .32), RBC transfusion (Odds Ratio 0.86 [95% CI 0.41–1.78] p = .69) and hospital length of stay (Hazard Ratio 0.96 [95% CI 0.77–1.18] p = .67), although these were not statistically significant. Cost savings of $13,340 per patient were realized. Implementation outcomes were favorable for acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility.ConclusionThe change package significantly improved compliance. The absence of a statistically significant change in clinical outcomes may be because the study was powered to detect an improvement in compliance only. Further prospective studies with larger samples are needed. Cost savings of $13,340 per patient were achieved and the change package was viewed favorably.
Tumour necrosis factor stimulated gene 6 intrinsically regulates PD‐L1 expressions in breast cancer cells, leading to modulation of tumour microenvironment
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Hwa , An Ju‐Hyun , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies have shown that tumour cells express tumour necrosis factor‐inducible gene 6 (TSG‐6) and its protein, which is known to play a key role in regulating excessive immune responses and proliferation and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It has not been confirmed whether the inhibition of TSG‐6 for tumour cells can suppress tumour cell growth and regulate the activation of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). TSG‐6‐specific small interfering RNA was transfected into canine and human breast cancer cells (CIPp, CIPm and BT‐20). TSG‐6‐down‐regulated (siTSG‐6) cells showed decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Decreased mRNA expressions of NF‐κB, STAT3 and Sox2, confirming that TSG‐6 is an upper factor governing tumour growth and metastasis. Notably, siTSG‐6 cells showed significantly decreased expression levels of CD44 and PD‐L1. Direct and indirect co‐culture of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) and the siTSG‐6 cells showed significant activation in M1 type macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. They also showed a tendency to decrease in the expression of CTLA‐4 and increase in the expression of PD‐1. In conclusion, this study suggests that the down‐regulation of TSG‐6 in breast cancer cells could not only suppress tumour growth and metastasis, and but also regulate TME. Since modulation of immune checkpoint proteins occurs in both tumour cells and immune cells, inhibiting TSG‐6 and its protein within the TME could be novel therapeutic target for anticancer treatment.
Prevalence and anatomopathological characterization of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas with regional and distant metastases in dogs and cats: 20 cases (1985–2020)
Authors: dos Santos Alex , Lamego Éryca Ceolin , Eisenhardt Luíza Müller , de Vargas Indianara , Flores Mariana Martins , Fighera Rafael Almeida , Kommers Glaucia D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of regional and distant metastases from cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in dogs (n = 11) and cats (n = 9) in a retrospective case series over 36 years (1985–2020), as well as to characterize its macroscopic aspects (location and size), degree of differentiation (well, moderately and poorly differentiated [WD, MD and PD, respectively]) and the rate of cell proliferation, by counting the AgNORs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to identify patterns of tumour migration and invasion (islands, ribbons, cords, small aggregates, individual cells [fusiform and amoeboid]) and to evaluate the intensity of desmoplasia and the amount of myofibroblasts. The prevalence of metastatic SCCs was 4.39% (21/478), being 3.8% in dog (12/309) and 5.3% in cat (9/169). Metastases affected lymph nodes in all dogs and 66% (6/9) of cats, and less frequently distant organs. Primary tumours predominantly affected the abdominal skin in dogs and the nasal planum in cats. Among the 20 cases, 52% were MDs, 34% were WDs, and 14% were PDs. Histological lesions suggestive of exposure to chronic solar radiation were present in 57% (8/14). The main patterns of tumour migration and invasion were islands for WD SCCs and individual cells for PD SCCs. MD SCCs had a mix of patterns. In cats, individual spindle cells were restricted to PDs. A marked desmoplastic reaction was more associated with PD SCCs and often with MDs. This study highlights that the prevalence of SCC metastases in dogs and cats is predominantly regional. The IHC was essential in the identification of individual fusiform keratinocytes, whose presence in surgical margins may represent a greater risk of recurrence. Although the presence of myofibroblasts was observed in all infiltrative and metastatic tumours, further studies evaluating these cells may be important to better understand their role in the tumour microenvironment of cutaneous SCCs with metastasis in dogs and cats.
Toosendanin‐induced apoptosis of CMT‐U27 is mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway
Authors: Yang Yin , Mei Chen , Xian Hong , Zhang Xue , Li Jun , Liang Zhi‐xuan , Zhi Yan , Ma Yue , Wang Hong‐jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToosendanin (TSN) is an active compound from the fruit of Melia toosendan Sieb et Zucc. TSN has been shown to have broad‐spectrum anti‐tumour activities in human cancers. However, there are still many gaps in the knowledge of TSN on canine mammary tumours (CMT). CMT‐U27 cells were used to select the optimal acting time and best concentration of TSN to initiate apoptosis. Cell proliferation, cell colony formation, cell migration and cell invasion were analysed. The expression of apoptosis‐related genes and proteins were also detected to explore the mechanism of action of TSN. A murine tumour model was established to detect the effect of TSN treatments. The results showed that TSN decreased cell viability of migration and invasion, altered CMT‐U27 cell morphology, and inhibited DNA synthesis. TSN‐induced cell apoptosis by upregulating BAX, cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, p53 and cytochrome C (cytosolic) protein expression, and downregulating Bcl‐2 and cytochrome C (mitochondrial) expression. In addition, TSN increased the mRNA transcription levels of cytochrome C, p53 and BAX, and decreased the mRNA expression of Bcl‐2. Furthermore, TSN inhibited the growth of CMT xenografts by regulating the expression of genes and proteins activated by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, TSN effectively inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion activity, as well as induced CMT‐U27 cell apoptosis. The study provides a molecular basis for the development of clinical drugs and other therapeutic options.
Supplemental Material: Redefinition of the Petersburg batholith and implications for crustal inheritance in the Dinwiddie terrane, Virginia, USA
Authors: Carter M.W. , al. et 
Published: February 2023

<p>Table S1: Major- and trace-element geochemical data for 40 samples of Petersburg Granite (sensu lato). Table S2: Isotopic data for all analyses by secondary ionization mass spectrometry on the U.S. Geological Survey/Stanford sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG). </p>
Efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of acute pain after orthopedic trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Orthopedic Trauma Association
Authors: Murphy Patrick B , Kasotakis George , Haut Elliott R , Miller Anna , Harvey Edward , Hasenboehler Eric , Higgins Thomas , Hoegler Joseph , Mir Hassan , Cantrell Sarah , Obremskey William T , Wally Meghan , Attum Basem , Seymour Rachel , Patel Nimitt , Ricci William , Freeman Jennifer J , Haines Krista L , Yorkgitis Brian K , Padilla-Jones Brandy B 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesFracture is a common injury after a traumatic event. The efficacy and safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat acute pain related to fractures is not well established.MethodsClinically relevant questions were determined regarding NSAID use in the setting of trauma-induced fractures with clearly defined patient populations, interventions, comparisons and appropriately selected outcomes (PICO). These questions centered around efficacy (pain control, reduction in opioid use) and safety (non-union, kidney injury). A systematic review including literature search and meta-analysis was performed, and the quality of evidence was graded per the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The working group reached consensus on the final evidence-based recommendations.ResultsA total of 19 studies were identified for analysis. Not all outcomes identified as critically important were reported in all studies, and the outcome of pain control was too heterogenous to perform a meta-analysis. Nine studies reported on non-union (three randomized control trials), six of which reported no association with NSAIDs. The overall incidence of non-union in patients receiving NSAIDs compared with patients not receiving NSAIDs was 2.99% and 2.19% (p=0.04), respectively. Of studies reporting on pain control and reduction of opioids, the use of NSAIDs reduced pain and the need for opioids after traumatic fracture. One study reported on the outcome of acute kidney injury and found no association with NSAID use.ConclusionsIn patients with traumatic fractures, NSAIDs appear to reduce post-trauma pain, reduce the need for opioids and have a small effect on non-union. We conditionally recommend the use of NSAIDs in patients suffering from traumatic fractures as the benefit appears to outweigh the small potential risks.
Exploration of parental rewards in incentivizing children's physical activity
Authors: Kybartas Tyler J. , Ferrara Paula-Marie M. , Coe Dawn P. 
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, varieties, and motivations behind parent-selected incentivization for children's physical activity (PA). Parents ( n = 90; 30.0 ± 8.5 years) of children (8.7 ± 2.1 years) completed a web-based survey that included items regarding the use of PA rewards, children's moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min·week−1), access to electronic devices, and demographic characteristics. Open-ended questions were used to determine the type of activity rewarded, type of reward given, and parents’ reasoning for not using PA rewards. Independent sample t-tests were used to determine differences between reward groups (reward and no reward) and parent-reported children's MVPA. Open-ended responses underwent thematic analysis. Over half (55%) of the respondents provided PA rewards. There was no difference between reward groups for MVPA. Parents reported their children having access to various technology modes, including TV, tablets, video game systems, computers, and cellphones. Most of the parents (78.2%) reported restricting their child's technology time in some capacity. Rewarded PAs were thematized as “children responsibilities”, “non-sport activity”, and “sport”. Two themes regarding types of rewards included “tangible” and “nontangible”. Two underlying themes as to why parents did not give rewards were deemed “built-in-habit” and “enjoyment”. Rewarding children's PA is prevalent among this sample of parents. Substantial variety exists regarding the type of PA incentivized and the type of reward provided. Future studies should explore whether parents use reward structures and how they conceptualize nontangible, electronics-based rewards versus tangible rewards to incentivize children's PA to promote lifelong behavior.
Analytic solutions of scalar field cosmology, mathematical structures for early inflation and late time accelerated expansion
Authors: Ildes Medine , Arik Metin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the most general cosmological model with real scalar field which is minimally coupled to gravity. Our calculations are based on Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) background metric. Field equations consist of three differential equations. We switch independent variable from time to scale factor by change of variable $${\dot{a}}/a=H(a)$$

a
˙

/
a
=
H

(
a
)

. Thus a new set of differential equations are analytically solvable with known methods. We formulate Hubble function, the scalar field, potential and energy density when one of them is given in the most general form. a(t) can be explicitly found as long as methods of integration techniques are available. We investigate the dynamics of the universe at early times as well as at late times in light of these formulas. We find mathematical machinery which turns on and turns off early accelerated expansion. On the other hand late time accelerated expansion is explained by cosmic domain walls. We have compared our results with recent observations of type Ia supernovae by considering the Hubble tension and absolute magnitude tension. Eighty-nine percent of present universe may consist of domain walls while rest is matter.
Goldstino condensation at large N
Authors: Farakos Fotis , Morittu Matteo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe analyze the standard fermionic 4D Volkov–Akulov action with N global non-linear supersymmetries. We find that the stationary points of the system are described by an effective potential, written in terms of two composite real scalar fields, which approaches the exact quantum effective potential in the large N limit. We identify the existence of at least two stationary points, one representing the original supersymmetry breaking configuration and the other one corresponding to goldstino condensation, where supersymmetry is restored in the deep IR.
Chicken Feet: A Model for Practising Locoregional Flaps of the Hand
Authors: EFANOV Johnny I. , LE Lan Anh T. , YUSOFF Siti K. M. , TEO Wendy Zi Wei , LIM Jin Xi , CHONG Alphonsus Khin Sze 
Published: February 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of the chicken foot model for surgical trainees interested in practising the designing, harvesting and inset of locoregional flaps of the hand. Methods: A descriptive study was performed to demonstrate the technical aspects of harvesting four locoregional flaps in a chicken foot model: fingertip volar V–Y advancement flap, four-flap and five-flap Z-plasty, cross-finger flap and first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap. The study was performed in a surgical training laboratory on non-live chicken feet. No participants were involved in this study, apart from authors performing the descriptive techniques. Results: All flaps were successfully performed. Anatomical landmarks, soft tissue texture and flap harvest, as well as inset closely resembled clinical experience with patients. Maximal flap sizes were 12 × 9 mm for volar V–Y advancement, 5 mm limbs for Z-plasties, 22 × 15 mm for cross-finger flaps and 22 × 12 mm for FDMA flaps. The maximal webspace deepening with four-flap/five-flap Z-plasty was 20 mm and the FDMA pedicle length and diameter was 25 and 1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Chicken feet can be effectively used as simulation models for hand surgical training with respect to gaining familiarity with the use of locoregional flaps of the hand. Further research requires testing for reliability and validity of the model on junior trainees.
Intracapsular Chondroma Occurring in Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Hand: A Rare Presentation
Authors: JANG Min Gu , HEO Youn Moo , KIM A. Youn 
Published: February 2023

Extraskeletal chondroma comprises synovial chondromatosis, intracapsular chondroma and soft tissue chondroma, its presentation in the hand, however, is very rare. A 42-year-old woman presented with a mass around right fourth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. She had no pain or discomfort in activities. The radiographs showed soft tissue swelling, but no calcification or ossifying lesions. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a lobulated juxta-cortical encircling mass existing around the fourth MCP joint. We did not suspect any cartilage-forming tumour in MRI. The mass was easily removed because there was no adhesion with surrounding tissues and the specimen had the appearance of a cartilage. The histological diagnosis was chondroma. Based on the tumour location and histological results, we diagnosed it as intracapsular chondroma. Although intracapsular chondroma is very rare-ly seen in the hands, it is important to consider an intracapsular chondroma when differentiating a tumour in the hand because it is difficult to diagnose one in an imaging examination. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Evidence-Based Assessment of Congenital Heart Disease Genes to Enable Returning Results in a Genomic Study
Authors: Griffin Emily L. , Nees Shannon N. , Morton Sarah U. , Wynn Julia , Patel Nihir , Jobanputra Vaidehi , Robinson Scott , Kochav Stephanie M. , Tao Alice , Andrews Carli , Cross Nancy , Geva Judith , Lanzilotta Kristen , Ritter Alyssa , Taillie Eileen , Thompson Alexandra , Meyer Chris , Akers Rachel , King Eileen C. , Cnota James F , Kim Richard W. , Porter George A. , Brueckner Martina , Seidman Christine E. , Shen Yufeng , Gelb Bruce D. , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Newburger Jane W. , Roberts Amy E. , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common major congenital anomaly and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic evidence supports a role of genetics in the development of CHD. Genetic diagnoses can inform prognosis and clinical management. However, genetic testing is not standardized among individuals with CHD. We sought to develop a list of validated CHD genes using established methods and to evaluate the process of returning genetic results to research participants in a large genomic study.

Methods:
Two-hundred ninety-five candidate CHD genes were evaluated using a ClinGen framework. Sequence and copy number variants involving genes in the CHD gene list were analyzed in Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium participants. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic results were confirmed on a new sample in a clinical laboratory improvement amendments-certified laboratory and disclosed to eligible participants. Adult probands and parents of probands who received results were asked to complete a post-disclosure survey.

Results:
A total of 99 genes had a strong or definitive clinical validity classification. Diagnostic yields for copy number variants and exome sequencing were 1.8% and 3.8%, respectively. Thirty-one probands completed clinical laboratory improvement amendments-confirmation and received results. Participants who completed postdisclosure surveys reported high personal utility and no decision regret after receiving genetic results.

Conclusions:
The application of ClinGen criteria to CHD candidate genes yielded a list that can be used to interpret clinical genetic testing for CHD. Applying this gene list to one of the largest research cohorts of CHD participants provides a lower bound for the yield of genetic testing in CHD.
Sustained Mechanical Aspiration Thrombectomy for High Thrombus Burden Coronary Vessel Occlusion: The Multicenter CHEETAH Study
Authors: Mathews S. Jay , Parikh Sahil A. , Wu Willis , Metzger D. Christopher , Chambers Jeffrey W. , Ghali Magdi G.H. , Sumners Michael James , Kolski Brian C. , Pinto Duane S. , Dohad Suhail 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Poor myocardial reperfusion due to distal embolization and microvascular obstruction after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Prior trials have not shown a clear benefit of routine manual aspiration thrombectomy. Sustained mechanical aspiration may mitigate this risk and improve outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate sustained mechanical aspiration thrombectomy before percutaneous coronary intervention in high thrombus burden acute coronary syndrome patients.

Methods:
This prospective study evaluated the Indigo CAT RX Aspiration System (Penumbra Inc, Alameda CA) for sustained mechanical aspiration thrombectomy before percutaneous coronary intervention at 25 hospitals across the USA. Adults presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset with high thrombus burden and target lesion(s) located in a native coronary artery were eligible. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, or new or worsening New York Heart Association class IV heart failure within 30 days. Secondary end points included Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow, myocardial blush grade, stroke, and device-related serious adverse events.

Results:
From August 2019 through December 2020, a total of 400 patients were enrolled (mean age 60.4 years, 76.25% male). The primary composite end point rate was 3.60% (14/389 [95% CI, 2.0–6.0%]). Rate of stroke within 30 days was 0.77%. Final rates of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction thrombus grade 0, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 3, and myocardial blush grade 3 were 99.50%, 97.50%, and 99.75%, respectively. No device-related serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:
Sustained mechanical aspiration before percutaneous coronary intervention in high thrombus burden acute coronary syndrome patients was safe and was associated with high rates of thrombus removal, flow restoration, and normal myocardial perfusion on final angiography.