bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of IYCF practices, as measured by national nutrition surveys from 2018 to 2022, on stunting and under-5 survival in Burkina Faso: a LiST analysis
Authors: Kere Natacha , Compaore Ella W. R. , Keita Youssouf , Ouedraogo Daniel S. , Tirogo Souleymane , Bambara Estelle A. , Coulibaly Z. Thierry , Dicko Mamoudou H. 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionBurkina Faso is facing a serious public health problem of chronic malnutrition and mortality in children under the age of 5. To tackle this situation, a number of child nutrition interventions have been implemented. This study aims to assess the impact of these interventions on the nutritional status of children aged 0–5 years between 2018 and 2022.MethodsThis study is a modeling of the impact of changes in the coverage of interventions with known effect sizes, using the LiST (Lives Saved Tool). The interventions used concern infant and young child feeding, the coverage of which was measured by the 2018 to 2022 editions of the NNS conducted in Burkina Faso using the SMART methodology. It covered the national level, the Center region and the Sahel region. Extracted intervention coverage levels were entered into LiST, according to six projections in two scenarios (scenario 1 and 2). The modeling results visualized in LiST were exported to Excel for formatting into tables and/or graphs.ResultsThe measured changes in the levels of infant and young child feeding interventions included in this study led to a reduction in the number of cases of chronic malnutrition in children under 6 months of age in the second scenario projections. However, no cases of chronic malnutrition were prevented among children in the 6–59 month age group under any of the six projections. On the contrary, opportunities to save cases of chronic malnutrition have been missed. These missed opportunities amount to 64,880 in scenario 1 and 39,556 in scenario 2 at national level. Nevertheless, 920 lives were saved nationwide, 232 in the Center region and 202 in the Sahel region.ConclusionThe study highlighted the need to strengthen the implementation of IYCF interventions, coupled with a significant improvement in the quality of NNS data collection, given the up and down nature of the indicators, which makes them difficult to use for decision-making.
stormTB: a web-based simulator of a murine minimal-PBPK model for anti-tuberculosis treatments
Authors: Visintainer Roberto , Fochesato Anna , Boaretti Daniele , Giampiccolo Stefano , Watson Shayne , Levi Micha , Reali Federico , Marchetti Luca 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) poses a significant threat to global health, with millions of new infections and approximately one million deaths annually. Various modeling efforts have emerged, offering tailored data-driven and physiologically-based solutions for novel and historical compounds. However, this diverse modeling panorama may lack consistency, limiting result comparability. Drug-specific models are often tied to commercial software and developed on various platforms and languages, potentially hindering access and complicating the comparison of different compounds.MethodsThis work introduces stormTB: SimulaTOr of a muRine Minimal-pbpk model for anti-TB drugs. It is a web-based interface for our minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) platform, designed to simulate custom treatment scenarios for tuberculosis in murine models. The app facilitates visual comparisons of pharmacokinetic profiles, aiding in assessing drug-dose combinations.ResultsThe mPBPK model, supporting 11 anti-TB drugs, offers a unified perspective, overcoming the potential inconsistencies arising from diverse modeling efforts. The app, publicly accessible, provides a user-friendly environment for researchers to conduct what-if analyses and contribute to collective TB eradication efforts. The tool generates comprehensive visualizations of drug concentration profiles and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices for TB-relevant tissues, empowering researchers in the quest for more effective TB treatments. stormTB is freely available at the link: https://apps.cosbi.eu/stormTB.
Natural pigments: innovative extraction technologies and their potential application in health and food industries
Authors: Masyita Ayu , Hardinasinta Gemala , Astuti Ayun Dwi , Firdayani Firdayani , Mayasari Dian , Hori Aki , Nisha Ira Nur Ainun , Nainu Firzan , Kuraishi Takayuki 
Published: January 2025

Natural pigments, or natural colorants, are frequently utilized in the food industry due to their diverse functional and nutritional attributes. Beyond their color properties, these pigments possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects, as well as benefits for eye health. This review aims to provide a timely overview of the potential of natural pigments in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries. Special emphasis is placed on emerging technologies for natural pigment extraction (thermal technologies, non-thermal technologies, and supercritical fluid extraction), their pharmacological effects, and their potential application in intelligent food packaging and as food colorants. Natural pigments show several pharmaceutical prospects. For example, delphinidin (30 µM) significantly inhibited the growth of three cancer cell lines (B16-F10, EO771, and RM1) by at least 90% after 48 h. Furthermore, as an antioxidant agent, fucoxanthin at the highest concentration (50 μg/mL) significantly increased the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide (p &lt; 0.05). In the food industry, natural pigments have been used to improve the nutritional value of food without significantly altering the sensory experience. Moreover, the use of natural pH-sensitive pigments as food freshness indicators in intelligent food packaging is a cutting-edge technological advancement. This innovation could provide useful information to consumers, increase shelf life, and assist in evaluating the quality of packaged food by observing color variations over time. However, the use of natural pigments presents certain challenges, particularly regarding their stability and higher production costs compared to synthetic pigments. This situation underscores the need for further investigation into alternative pigment sources and improved stabilization methods. The instability of these natural pigments emphasizes their tendency to degrade and change color when exposed to various external conditions, including light, oxygen, temperature fluctuations, pH levels, and interactions with other substances in the food matrix.
Analysis of the risk of oncological adverse events associated with infliximab in combination with azathioprine compared to monotherapy: insights from the FAERS database
Authors: Qiao Qian , Sun Jiachen , Zheng Ya , Mi Yingying , Gong Yanan , Liu Jiahui , Rui Wenyue , Ma Yumei , Zhou Yongning , Liu Min 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the risk of tumor formation with infliximab or azathioprine monotherapy versus their combination, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.MethodsData were extracted from the FAERS database for patients treated with infliximab, azathioprine, and combination therapy from Q1 2004 to Q2 2024. Signal mining employed methods such as Reported Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Multiple Gamma-Poisson Scaling Assessment (MGPSA) and Bayesian Confidence Interval Progressive Neural Network (BCPNN).ResultsOur analysis of the FAERS database revealed that the highest number of reported cases involved skin-related tumors, both individually and in combination. In terms of sex, the risk of cancer was higher in men compared to women in the infliximab-only and combination groups; however, no sex difference was observed in the azathioprine-only group. Regarding age, we noted an increasing incidence of adverse tumor events in middle-aged and elderly individuals compared to minors, except in the azathioprine group, where age was not identified as an independent risk factor. Additionally, body weight was not found to be an independent risk factor in any of the three medication groups. After controlling for age, sex, and body weight, combination therapy did not increase the risk of tumor development compared to the azathioprine group alone. In contrast, for patients using infliximab alone, combination therapy not only did not elevate the risk of tumor development but also appeared to reduce it. The results of the Weber distribution suggest a random failure-type profile for the infliximab and azathioprine-only group, while an early failure-type profile was observed for the combination therapy. Furthermore, we analyzed the median time to onset and cumulative incidence rates, revealing no significant differences in median time to tumor onset or cumulative incidence rates between the combination therapy and the single agent.ConclusionAfter adjusting for age, sex, and body weight, combination therapy did not significantly increase tumor development risk compared to the azathioprine-only group. Additionally, in patients on infliximab monotherapy, combination therapy appeared to reduce the risk of tumor development.
The in vivo metabolic pathway of Deg-AZM and in vitro investigations into the contribution of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in the drug interactions of Deg-AZM, a clinical-stage new transgelin agonist
Authors: Gu Xiaoting , Li Xiaohe , Tian Weixue , Zheng Chaoyue , Cai Yutian , Xu Xiang , Zhao Conglu , Liu Hongting , Sun Yao , Luo Zhilin , Zhu Shuwen , Zhou Honggang , Ai Xiaoyu , Yang Cheng 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionDeglycosylated azithromycin (Deg-AZM), a new transgelin agonist with positive therapeutic effects on slow transit constipation, has been approved for clinical trials in 2024. This work investigated the drug metabolism and transport of Deg-AZM to provide research data for further development of Deg-AZM.MethodsA combination of UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to obtain metabolite spectra of Deg-AZM in plasma, urine, feces and bile. Caco-2 cells was used to investigate the permeability of Deg-AZM and whether it is a potential substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. Human liver microsome phenotyping assays with chemical inhibition and recombinant CYPs phenotyping assays were used to investigate the CYP450 enzyme phenotype involved in Deg-AZM metabolism in vitro. A HLM inhibition reaction system was established to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Deg-AZM on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. The mRNA expression of human primary hepatocytes incubated with Deg-AZM or not was evaluate the induction of Deg-AZM on CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4.Results44 metabolites of Deg-AZM were identified in rat urine, feces, bile, and plasma, the metabolic pathways included demethylation, monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, dehydroxidation, hydroreduction, hydrolysis, methylation, glucuronidation and the combination of different metabolic pathways. Deg-AZM was a low permeability drug in the intestine and a potential substrate of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. CYP3A4 was the major CYP isoform responsible for Deg-AZM metabolism. Deg-AZM showed moderate inhibition with CYP2B6 and CYP2D6. Data in three batches of human primary hepatocytes disclosed induction potential of Deg-AZM on CYP2B6 and CYP3A4.ConclusionThe in vivo metabolic pathway of Deg-AZM and in vitro possibility of drug interaction for Deg-AZM with CYP enzymes and drug transporter were fully investigated. It was suggested that dose adjustments may be warranted depending on the potency of the corresponding modulators in clinical.
Social media addiction and borderline personality disorder: a survey study
Authors: Collins Madison , Grant Jon E. 
Published: January 2025

Background and aimsBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and difficult to treat psychiatric condition characterized by affective and interpersonal instability, impulsivity, and self-image disturbances. Although the relationship between BPD and substance use disorders has been well-established, there has been considerably less research regarding behavioral addictions in this population. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of social media addiction (SMA) among individuals with BPD and to explore whether it is related to aspects of disorder symptomology.Methods300 adults completed an online survey via Prolific. Individuals completed the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD), along with the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS). Additionally, all participants reported how often they use social media for the following reasons: distraction from interpersonal problems, reassurance seeking, self-confidence issues, and anger/revenge.ResultsOf the 289 subjects that completed all measures, 38 (13.1%) screened positive for BPD. Individuals screening positive for BPD were more likely to meet criteria for SMA than controls, and they were more likely to report using social media for interpersonal distraction, reassurance seeking, self-confidence issues, and anger/revenge seeking than controls. Among individuals with BPD, SMA was positively associated with the frequency of each of these behaviors, except for anger/revenge seeking.Discussion and conclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that SMA is common among the BPD population and may be related to aspects of disorder symptomology. Whether SMA worsens BPD symptoms or whether addressing SMA could lead to improvements in the BPD remains to be seen and is an important area for future research.
Global burden, trends, and disparities in kidney cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Han Siyu , Zhao Shiyu , Zhong Ran , Li Peizhe , Pang Yuewen , He Shuang , Duan Junyao , Gong Huijie , Shi Jing , Liu Li , Yan Yongji 
Published: January 2025

PurposeSmoking is a well-established risk factor for kidney cancer. Analyzing the latest global spatio-temporal trends in the kidney cancer burden attributable to smoking is critical for informing effective public health policies.MethodsUsing data from the 2021 GBD database, we examined deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rate (ASR) of kidney cancer attributable to smoking across global, regional, and national levels. Trends in ASRs were assessed through estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). We conducted a cross-country analysis to evaluate disparities in the kidney cancer burden from 1990 to 2021, with absolute and relative inequalities measured by the slope index of inequality and concentration index, respectively. Correlation analysis was conducted by the Spearman rank order correlation method. Additionally, we projected age-standardized death and DALYs rates up to 2036 using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models in R.ResultsGlobally, kidney cancer deaths attributable to smoking increased by 67.64%, from 9,673 in 1990 to 16,216 in 2021. Despite this increase, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) dropped from 0.25 to 0.19 per 100,000 (EAPC: −0.93). Similarly, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDALY) decreased from 6.17 to 4.37 per 100,000 (EAPC: −1.15). Geographically, areas with a higher Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were the most affected. The positive correlation between higher SDI and increased deaths highlights the role of economic and social factors in disease prevalence. Cross-country analysis shows that while relative inequalities between groups are improving, absolute differences in health burdens continue to grow. Furthermore, projections indicate a gradual decline in ASDR and ASDALY for both sexes from 2022 to 2036.ConclusionBetween 1990 and 2021, both the global ASDR and ASDALY attributable to smoking in kidney cancer, which are positively correlated with SDI, have declined. However, significant demographic and geographic disparities persist, with the disease burden remaining higher in older populations and regions with elevated SDI levels. Moreover, while the overall burden is projected to decline annually over the next 15 years, it is expected to remain significantly higher in men. These findings emphasize the need for region-specific health prevention strategies to reduce smoking-related kidney cancer.
Risk of Infective Endocarditis Following Invasive Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kussainova Zhumakyz , Kulmaganbetov Mukhit , Abiltayev Askar , Bulegenov Tolkyn , Salikhanov Islam 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence and determine the association between IE and dental procedures, including invasive and non-invasive procedures.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies involving procedures such as tooth extraction, scaling, endodontic treatment, oral surgery, and periodontal treatment involving individuals aged ≥15 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of IE following these procedures.ResultsAn association was found between IE and invasive dental procedures (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25–1.76; p &lt; 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of IE following tooth extraction (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.46–5.11; p = 0.002) and oral surgery (OR 6.33, 95% CI 2.43–16.49; p = 0.0002) in high-risk patients.ConclusionOur study found a strong association between invasive dental procedures and increased IE risk, particularly for tooth extraction and oral surgery in high-risk individuals.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023488546, Identifier CRD42023488546.
Technostress, technosuffering, and relational strain: a multi-method qualitative study of how remote and digital work affects staff in UK general practice
Authors: Dakin Francesca H , Hemmings Nina , Kalin Asli , Moore Lucy , Ladds Emma , Payne Rebecca , Rosen Rebecca , Byng Richard , Wherton Joseph , Wieringa Sietse , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThe introduction of remote and digital forms of working in UK general practice has driven the development of new routines and working styles.AimTo explore and theorise how new forms of work have affected general practice staff.Design and settingMulti-sited, qualitative case study in UK general practice.MethodUsing longitudinal ethnography by researchers in residence, we followed 12 practices for 28 months (September 2021 to December 2023). This core dataset was supplemented by workshops and stakeholder interviews. Data analysis applied theories from the sociology of work, organisation studies, and internet studies.ResultsStaff made significant efforts to adapt to and embed digital services into their work. When technologies work well they can offer improved convenience, efficiency, more comprehensive patient care, and workplace fulfilment for staff. However, for many clinical and administrative staff, compromises and frictions embedded in digitalised workplace routines and processes could also lead to job dissatisfaction, worsened wellbeing, and misalignments with professional values and identities. We found that this workplace suffering caused relational strain between team members and had an impact on team cohesiveness and coordination.ConclusionThe digitalisation of working routines in UK general practice poses a unique challenge to the workforce, risking technostress, workplace suffering, and increased relational strain within and between teams. To embed the benefits of digitalisation, we must first improve practice teams’ readiness for change, which includes strengthening practices’ relational structures that provide support during periods of adaptation. Practices must be empowered to determine a locally appropriate configuration of digital tools and given the resources and time to adapt working routines.
Inequalities in cancer two-week-wait referrals: a cross-sectional study in English general practice
Authors: Wynne Stephanie C , Ashworth Mark 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPractices with higher two-week-wait (2WW) referral-rates demonstrate higher survival for several cancers. Yet, there is little up-to-date evidence exploring factors influencing 2WW-referral-rates and whether health inequalities exist, particularly after COVID-19.AimTo establish which patient-factors (eg, age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation) and practice-factors (eg, remote consultations, frequency of seeing a preferred-GP) independently predict 2WW-referral-rates.Design & settingA cross-sectional, observational study was performed using data from English general practices for 2021-2022.MethodMultivariable linear regression was used to identify the strongest, independent predictors of 2WW-referral-rates for all-cancers (primary outcome) and for breast, lower-gastrointestinal, lung and skin cancers separately (secondary outcome).ResultsThe analysis included 6307 practices. Practices with more females, patients aged 75+and with a greater burden of long-term conditions were associated with higher 2WW-referrals for all-cancers, as were practices in Northwest England and those with higher scores for patients feeling involved in care decisions. Conversely, practices with a higher frequency of seeing a preferred-GP were predictive of fewer all-cancer 2WW-referrals. Whilst practices with a higher proportion of current smokers and Asian and Black ethnicity patients predicted fewer all-cancer 2WW-referrals, these associations were strongest for skin cancer, and for breast cancer (except for Black ethnicity). Higher socioeconomic deprivation predicted lower 2WW-referrals for lung cancer only.ConclusionThis study analyses factors influencing 2WW-referral-rates and highlights potential inequalities. This work identifies priority populations, including smokers and Asian and Black ethnicity patients, who may benefit from interventions to increase primary care access. Shared-decision-making may be an underexplored resource for increasing all-cancer 2WW-referral-rates.
Osobowość a zachowania polityczne
Authors: Szpunar Magdalena 
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych sposobów rozumienia osobowości politycznej i jej znaczenia w procesach politycznych.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Zaprezentowana zostaje teoria racjonalnego wyboru, pojęcie wizerunku, w tym wizerunku politycznego, i jego rola w procesach wyborczych.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Artykuł problematyzuje użycie political branding jako kategorii użytecznej w badaniach zachowań politycznych.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Artykuł rekapituluje wnioski mówiące o tym, iż decyzje wyborcze są determinowane nie tylko osobistymi przekonaniami i cechami socjodemograficznymi jednostki, ale także zależą od jej właściwości indywidualnych.
Partia polityczna
Authors: Sobolewska-Myślik Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Definiując partię polityczną, przywołano definicje historyczne, a także współczesne, z podziałem na definicje funkcjonalne i strukturalne.
ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: W części poświęconej analizie historycznej partii politycznych przedstawiono genezę współczesnych ugrupowań oraz ich rozwój organizacyjny ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem modelu partii masowej jako najbardziej rozpowszechnionego modelu organizacyjnego. Wskazano także na kształtowanie się relacji pomiędzy partiami a grupami społecznymi w ramach podziałów socjopolitycznych.
UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Rozwój społeczny i ekonomiczny współczesnych społeczeństw sprawił, że partie zaczęły być postrzegane jako podmioty oddalone od społeczeństwa, skupione na interesach elit, co diagnozowano jako kryzys partii. Reakcją na tę sytuację ze strony partii były zmiany zarówno organizacyjne, jak i ideowe, zmierzające do utrzymania relacji z obywatelami. W tym kontekście omówiono m.in. partie cyfrowe, jako przykład ugrupowań wykorzystujących potencjał Internetu, czy partie populistyczne, jako ilustrację kierunku zmian ideowych partii.
REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Partie polityczne to podmioty dynamiczne, głęboko zakorzenione w życiu społecznym i politycznym. Obserwacja zmian, jakim podlegają, jest przydatna dla dostrzegania zmian zachodzących w społeczeństwie.