bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of automatic drainage network extraction using ASTER GDEM, SRTM DEM and Cartosat-1 DEM in parts of Kosi basin, Bihar, India
Authors: Jamal Sayema , Ali Adila 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study attempts to evaluate and compare the different open source 30 m resolution spaceborne digital elevation models (DEM) based on their automatic drainage network extraction efficiency. Digital elevation models from three satellite data i.e., ASTER GDEM, SRTM DEM and Cartosat-1 DEM have been employed for the extraction of stream networks. The study was carried out in the watershed situated in parts of Saharsa, Madhepura and Supaul district along the river Kosi, Bihar. Analysis was performed in ArcMap10.3 software wherein, three different thresholds of flow accumulation were used to assess the comparative evaluation. Morphometric parameters were analysed using geographical information system (GIS). The evaluation and quantification of morphometric parameters provide an effective basis for the comparison of extracted stream networks based on hydrological and morphological characteristics. Comparison and selection of appropriate DEM products for quantitative and qualitative hydrological studies are lacking in the present study area. This comparative study is helpful in selecting suitable DEM products out of the three commonly available free datasets for delineating streams in this floodplain with little variation in elevation and slope. The findings can be beneficial for using appropriate DEM data in various morphometric, prioritization, management and other GIS applications in parts of Kosi basin.
Education as a homogenizing engine in indigenous cultures: case study of Aymara children in Northern Chile
Authors: Rivera Victoria , Paulsen Abraham 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChile is a multi-ethnic Republic; a situation which contradicts itself when one looks at the relationship between the State and its ethnic groups, such as the Aymara in the North. One example of this is the implementation of a state-centric educational model which seems to be homogenizing. Taking a Children’s Geographies approach, the following work will analyze the specific types of relationships in educational institutions located in the Arica & Parinacota Region, between children from Aymara communities, the State, and adults. Through different qualitative investigative techniques, such as content analysis of drawings made by Aymara children, interviews made with teachers, and participant observation at schools, it seemed that the educational process that the Aymara children experience does not take their culture into consideration, which sets them apart from their parents’ and community’s identity. This study also uses the lens of Children’s Geographies to identify some landmarks in their spatial worldview transformation and their spatiality. Taking everything into account, conclusions are stated on how the normative educational model shapes uprooted children.
Acting on Behalf of Another
Authors: Edlich Alexander , Vandieken Jonas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of the phrase ‘acting on behalf of another.’ To do this, acting on behalf is first distinguished from ‘acting for the sake of another,’ the latter being a matter of other-directed motivation, the former of what we call ‘normative other-directedness’—i.e., acting on the claims and duties of the other. Second, we provide a distinction between two kinds of acting on behalf of another: representation as other-directedness plus normative replacement, and normative support as other-directedness without normative replacement. Third, the paper offers conditions of appropriateness for both types of acting on behalf.
Recruiting Egg Freezers via Informational Events: Affect, Sociality, and the Question of Informed Consent
Authors: Bhatia Rajani 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe commercialization of egg freezing for fertility preservation spawned a market in information and education as much as in clinical services. Even before there was a technically viable mode to freeze eggs, Christy Jones envisioned “educational seminars” as a key “marketing and education” programmatic strategy in her 2004 contest-winning business plan for an egg freezing company at Harvard Business School. A decade and a half after Jones first proposed them, in-person informational events have become an industry trend. Given the transparent objective of recruiting paying clients, these events must inevitably combine persuasion with education. Through participant observation at three such information sessions held by different clinics in a large city in the eastern US, I present an analysis of their content and form. The article examines the extent to which these events adhered to guidelines on securing informed consent and how the form of these events produce a complex blend of affect and sociality that likely affect how information is received. I argue that egg freezing informational events employ subtle techniques of persuasion that cultivate anxiety and link egg freezing to desirable traits or lifestyles through social enactment.
Appetite hormone dysregulation, body mass index, and emotional dysregulation in nonobese adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional association study
Authors: Hsu Ju-Wei , Chen Li-Chi , Bai Ya-Mei , Huang Kai-Lin , Tsai Shih-Jen , Su Tung-Ping , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has suggested that emotional dysregulation is a transdiagnostic feature in schizophrenia and major affective disorders. However, the relationship between emotional dysregulation and appetite hormone disturbance remains unknown in nonobese adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.MethodsIn total, 22 adolescents with schizophrenia; 31 with bipolar disorder; 33 with major depressive disorder; and 41 healthy age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)/BMI percentile-matched controls were enrolled for assessing levels of appetite hormones, namely leptin, ghrelin, insulin, and adiponectin. Emotional regulation symptoms were measured using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist―Dysregulation Profile.ResultsAdolescents with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder exhibited greater emotional dysregulation symptoms than the control group (P = .037). Adolescents with bipolar disorder demonstrated higher log-transformed levels of insulin (P = .029) and lower log-transformed levels of leptin (P = .018) compared with the control group. BMI (P < .05) and log-transformed ghrelin levels (P = .028) were positively correlated with emotional dysregulation symptoms.DiscussionEmotional dysregulation and appetite hormone disturbance may occur in the early stage of severe mental disorders. Further studies are required to clarify the unidirectional or bidirectional association of emotional dysregulation with BMI/BMI percentile and appetite hormones among patients with severe mental disorder.
L1 referential features influence pronoun reading in L2 for deaf, ASL–English bilinguals
Authors: Sendek Katherine , Corina David P. , Cates Deborah , Traxler Matthew J. , Swaab Tamara Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReferential processing relies on similar cognitive functions across languages – in particular, working memory. However, this has only been investigated in spoken languages with highly similar referential systems. In contrast to spoken languages, American Sign Language (ASL) uses a spatial referential system. It is unknown whether the referential system of ASL (L1) impacts referential processing in English (L2). This cross-language impact may be of particular importance for deaf, bimodal bilinguals who sign in ASL and read in English. Self-paced reading times of pronouns in English texts were compared between ASL–English bimodal bilinguals and Chinese–English unimodal bilinguals. The results showed that L1 referential characteristics influenced pronoun reading time in L2. Furthermore, in contrast to Chinese–English bilinguals, ASL–English bilinguals’ referential processing during reading of English texts relied on vocabulary knowledge – not working memory. These findings emphasize the need to expand current theories of referential processing to include more diverse types of language transfer.
“Life goes on”: Perspectives on the will to live from residents of Swiss long-term care facilities
Authors: Bornet Marc-Antoine , Jones Laura , Jox Ralf J. , Bernard Mathieu , Ruedin Samira , Borasio Gian Domenico , Rubli Truchard Eve 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesWhile there is a growing body of literature on the wish to die in older patients, there is little research about their will to live. Exploring the subjective will to live (WTL) offers valuable insights into the patients’ resources and motivations, which could help improving geriatric palliative care. The aim of this study was to examine, in long-term care facilities (LTCF), residents’ definitions of and factors influencing their WTL.MethodsTwenty residents (mean age 85.8 ± 10.3 years, 70% women) of 3 Swiss LTCFs gave informed consent and participated in semi-structured interviews about their WTL. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurrent themes (40% double coded).ResultsThe majority of residents reported that they had not thought about the WTL. Nevertheless, they had no difficulty in describing it as innate in their lives. They spontaneously mentioned factors that contributed to their WTL, classified into 5 themes: (1) relationships – primarily with family and health professionals, secondarily with other residents; (2) living situation – the LTCF as a necessary place providing care, constant professional presence, and security, yet necessitates inconveniences such as loss of independence; (3) personality factors – positive outlook on life or spirituality; (4) engagement in routines – organized activities and individual daily routines; and (5) health status – primarily related to functional health.Significance of resultsExamining WTL provides important insights into elements that are essential to take into account in planning care and promoting well-being in LTCF residents. The themes identified provide important starting points for improving life in LTCFs.
Choosing Women in Postwar Elections: Exposure to War Violence, Ideology, and Voters’ Gender Bias
Authors: Glaurdić Josip , Lesschaeve Christophe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe level of women’s parliamentary representation often increases after armed conflict, but do voters in postwar societies actually prefer female electoral candidates? We answer this question by analyzing a unique data set containing information on nearly 7,000 candidates running in three elections with preferential voting in postwar Croatia. Our analysis demonstrates that voters’ gender bias is conditional on the local electorate’s ideology and exposure to war violence, with voters of right-wing parties and voters in areas more affected by war violence being more biased against female candidates. These effects of ideology and exposure to war violence also exhibit a strong interactive relationship, suggesting that bias against women is strongest among right-wing voters in areas exposed to war violence and reversed among left-wing voters in areas exposed to war violence. Our findings highlight the need to better understand the relationship between gender, ideology, and violence in postconflict societies.
Land and the Language of Race: State Colonization and the Privatization of Indigenous Lands in Araucanía, Chile (1871–1916)
Authors: Rioja Romina Green 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the vision, process, and reaction to the privatization of Mapuche lands in Araucanía, Chile, from 1871 to 1916. It shows how politicians developed a racial vision for Araucanía between 1871 and 1882 during the final battle with independent Mapuche forces. Chilean government officials and elite societies created land policies that targeted the removal of indigenous populations from fertile lands to expand industrial agriculture by favoring large Chilean-owned estates and partitioning small to medium-sized plots to European settler-farmers. From 1883 to 1896, the Chilean government put its vision into practice, investing in the recruitment of European farmers and reconsidering new laws regarding colonization, land rights, and indigenous settlements. However, after the 1891 civil war, the government retreated from expensive state-building projects. From 1896 to 1916, Chilean small farmers intensified land grabs and, in response, indigenous communities formed organizations to defend their lands. At the core of the conflict were the issues of land and racialized policies that defined land access. By examining laws, government reports, missionary chronicles, and indigenous writings, this article demonstrates the progression of a racialized language that excluded indigenous peoples from their lands, founded in the desire to privatize native lands and accelerate the making of a modern Europeanized nation.
A Large‐Scale Magnetospheric Line Radiation Event in the Upper Ionosphere Recorded by the China‐Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite
Authors: Hu Yunpeng , Zhima Zeren , Fu Huishan , Cao Jinbin , Piersanti Mirko , Wang Tieyan , Yang Dehe , Sun Xiaoying , Lv Fangxian , Lu Chao , Wang Qiao , Wang Yalu , Shen Xuhui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper reports a large‐scale magnetospheric line radiation (MLR) event during a moderate geomagnetic storm on 11 September 2018, which was well recorded by the China‐Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) in the upper ionosphere. The event shows a symmetrical propagation feature at the conjugated locations between the two hemispheres, exhibiting a large spatial extension roughly from the latitudes 54°N to 53°S. The parallel structures are visible both in the electric and magnetic fields at a frequency band ranging from the local proton cyclotron frequency to ∼1.6 kHz. The wave intensity of parallel spectral lines was primarily enhanced in high latitude regions, gradually weakening at mid‐low latitudes, and then got absorbed in the equatorial region, presenting a distinct V‐shaped structure. The frequency spacings between neighboring spectral lines roughly vary from ∼80 to 110 Hz at the high latitudes and ∼80–130 Hz at the low latitudes, suggesting a slight variation feature with latitude. The parallel spectral structures of MLR drift between ∼0.39 and 0.57 Hz/s at high latitudes and ∼0.18–0.19 Hz/s at low latitudes. The wave vector analysis shows that the MLR waves are right‐hand polarized, obliquely propagating toward the Earth and in the azimuthal direction, where the Poynting flux is primarily oriented perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The other large‐scale MLR events all exhibit similar parallel structures and polarization characteristics, suggesting the universality of such a phenomenon. However, the azimuthal angles differ among different events, showing complex features.
The natural history of a delayed detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Szymaniak Julie A. , Washington Samuel L. , Cowan Janet E. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Lonergan Peter E. , Nguyen Hao G. , Meng Maxwell V. , Carroll Peter R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Men with a detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy (RP) are often offered salvage therapy while those with an undetectable PSA are monitored. We aim to better characterize the natural history of men with an initially undetectable PSA who subsequently developed a detectable PSA > 6 months after RP.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of men who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer at the University of California, San Francisco from 2000 to 2022. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence, defined as 2 consecutive PSA > = 0.03 ng/mL starting 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes were salvage treatment, post-salvage treatment, metastasis free survival (MFS), prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM). This cohort was compared to a previously described cohort who had an immediately detectable post-operative PSA.

Results
From our cohort of 3348 patients, we identified 2868 men who had an undetectable post-op PSA. Subsequently, 642 men had a delayed detectable PSA at a median of 25 months (IQR 15, 43) with median follow-up of 72 months after RP. PSA at time of failure was <0.10 ng/mL for 65.7% of men. Of those with a delayed detectable PSA, 46% underwent salvage treatment within 10 years after RP at a median PSA of 0.08 ng/mL (IQR 0.05, 0.14). High CAPRA-S score (HR 1.09, CI 1.02–1.17, p = 0.02) and PSA doubling time (PSA-DT) of <6 months (HR 7.58, CI 5.42–10.6, p < 0.01) were associated with receiving salvage treatment. After salvage treatment, 62% of men had recurrent PSA failure within 10 years. Overall, MFS was 92%, PCSM 3%, and ACM 6% at 10 years. For those who received tertiary treatment for recurrent PSA failure, MFS was 54%, PCSM 23% and ACM 23% at 10 years’ time.

Conclusions
Men who develop a detectable PSA > 6 months post-operatively may have excellent long-term outcomes, even in the absence of salvage therapy.
Preclinical models in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chaves Patricia , Garrido María , Oliver Javier , Pérez-Ruiz Elisabeth , Barragan Isabel , Rueda-Domínguez Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHead and neck cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer type. Drug resistance and toxicity are common challenges of the existing therapies, making the development of reliable preclinical models essential for the study of the involved molecular mechanisms as well as for eventual intervention approaches that improve the clinical outcome. Preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been traditionally based on cell lines and murine models. In this review, we will go over the most frequently used preclinical models, from immortalised-cell and primary tumour cultures in monolayer or 3D, to the currently available animal models. We will scrutinise their efficiency in mimicking the molecular and cellular complexity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, the challenges and the opportunities of other envisaged putative approaches, as well as the potential of the preclinical models to further develop personalised therapies will be discussed.
Clinical trials of self-replicating RNA-based cancer vaccines
Authors: Morse Michael A. , Crosby Erika J. , Force Jeremy , Osada Takuya , Hobeika Amy C. , Hartman Zachary C. , Berglund Peter , Smith Jonathan , Lyerly H. Kim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTherapeutic cancer vaccines, designed to activate immune effectors against tumor antigens, utilize a number of different platforms for antigen delivery. Among these are messenger RNAs (mRNA), successfully deployed in some prophylactic SARS-CoV2 vaccines. To enhance the immunogenicity of mRNA-delivered epitopes, self-replicating RNAs (srRNA) that markedly increase epitope expression have been developed. These vectors are derived from positive-strand RNA viruses in which the structural protein genes have been replaced with heterologous genes of interest, and the structural proteins are provided in trans to create single cycle viral replicon particles (VRPs). Clinical stage srRNA vectors have been derived from alphaviruses, including Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE), Sindbis, and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and have encoded the tumor antigens carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens E6 and E7. Adverse events have mainly been grade 1 toxicities and minimal injection site reactions. We review here the clinical experience with these vaccines and our recent safety data from a study combining a VRP encoding HER2 plus an anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (pembrolizumab). This experience with VRP-based srRNA supports recent development of fully synthetic srRNA technologies, where the viral structural proteins are replaced with protective lipid nanoparticles (LNP), cationic nanoemulsions or polymers.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in liver fibrosis
Authors: Wu Ke-jia , Qian Qu-fei , Zhou Jin-ren , Sun Dong-lin , Duan Yun-fei , Zhu Xi , Sartorius Kurt , Lu Yun-jie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ability of the human liver to both synthesize extracellular matrix(ECM), as well as regulate fibrogenesis, are integral functions to maintaining homoeostasis. Chronic liver injury stimulates fibrogenesis in response to the imbalance between ECM accumulation and fibrosis resolution. Liver disease that induces fibrogenesis is associated with multiple risk factors like hepatitis infection, schistosomiasis, alcohol, certain drugs, toxicants and emerging aetiology like diabetes and obesity. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), whose function is to generate and accumulate ECM, is a pivotal event in liver fibrosis. Simultaneously, HSCs selectively promote regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in an interleukin-2–dependent pattern that displays a dual relationship. On the one hand, Tregs can protect HSCs from NK cell attack, while on the other hand, they demonstrate an inhibitory effect on HSCs. This paper reviews the dual role of Tregs in liver fibrogenesis which includes its promotion of immunosuppression, as well as its activation of fibrosis. In particular, the balance between Tregs and the Th17 cell population, which produce interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, is explored to demonstrate their key role in maintaining homoeostasis and immunoregulation. The contradictory roles of Tregs in liver fibrosis in different immune microenvironments and molecular pathways need to be better understood if they are to be deployed to manage this disease.
Repositioning linifanib as a potent anti-necroptosis agent for sepsis
Authors: Yu Liang , Yang Kai , He Xiaoyan , Li Min , Gao Lin , Zha Yunhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS) caused by acute microbial infection, and it has an extremely high mortality rate. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced necroptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of sepsis, so inhibiting necroptosis might be expected to improve clinical outcomes in septic patients. Here we predicted candidate drugs for treating sepsis in silico by combining genes differentially expressed in septic patients and controls combined with interrogation of the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) L1000 perturbation database. Sixteen candidate drugs were screened out through bioinformatics analysis, and the top candidate linifanib was validated in cellular and mouse models of TNF-α-induced necroptosis. Cell viability was measured using a luminescent ATP assay, while the effects of linifanib on necroptosis were investigated by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and RIPK1 kinase assays. Linifanib effectively protected cells from necroptosis and rescued SIRS mice from TNF-α-induced shock and death. In vitro, linifanib directly suppressed RIPK1 kinase activity. In vivo, linifanib effectively reduced overexpressed IL-6, a marker of sepsis severity, in the lungs of SIRS mice. Our preclinical evidence using an integrated in silico and experimental drug repositioning approach supports the potential clinical utility of linifanib in septic patients. Further clinical validation is now warranted.