bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh evaporative heat transfer measured locally in submicron water films
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Ghaffarizadeh S. Arman , He Xiao , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Malen Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThin film evaporation is a widely-used thermal management solution for micro/nano-devices with high energy densities. Local measurements of the evaporation rate at a liquid-vapor interface, however, are limited. We present a continuous profile of the evaporation heat transfer coefficient ($$h_{\text {evap}}$$

h
evap

) in the submicron thin film region of a water meniscus obtained through local measurements interpreted by a machine learned surrogate of the physical system. Frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR), a non-contact laser-based method with micrometer lateral resolution, is used to induce and measure the meniscus evaporation. A neural network is then trained using finite element simulations to extract the $$h_{\text {evap}}$$

h
evap

profile from the FDTR data. For a substrate superheat of 20 K, the maximum $$h_{\text {evap}}$$

h
evap

is $$1.0_{-0.3}^{+0.5}$$

1
.

0

-
0.3

+
0.5

MW/$$\text {m}^2$$

m
2

-K at a film thickness of $$15_{-3}^{+29}$$

15

-
3

+
29

nm. This ultrahigh $$h_{\text {evap}}$$

h
evap

value is two orders of magnitude larger than the heat transfer coefficient for single-phase forced convection or evaporation from a bulk liquid. Under the assumption of constant wall temperature, our profiles of $$h_{\text {evap}}$$

h
evap

and meniscus thickness suggest that 62% of the heat transfer comes from the region lying 0.1–1 μm from the meniscus edge, whereas just 29% comes from the next 100 μm.
Perioral secretions enable complex social signaling in African mole-rats (genus Fukomys)
Authors: Caspar Kai R. , Stopka Pavel , Issel Daniel , Katschak Kristin H. , Zöllner Till , Zupanc Sina , Žáček Petr , Begall Sabine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubterranean common mole-rats of the genus Fukomys (family Bathyergidae) live in large, cooperatively-breeding families. Odor cues have been hypothesized to play an important role in mediating social behaviors in the underground ecotope, but only little is known about the role of olfactory signaling in burrowing mammals. Here we characterize the so far neglected perioral glands of Fukomys and other African mole-rats as an important source of olfactory social information. Histology demonstrates these structures to be derived sebaceous glands that are developed regardless of sex and reproductive status. However, gland activity is higher in Fukomys males, leading to sexually dimorphic patterns of stain and clotting of the facial pelage. Behavioral assays revealed that conspecifics prefer male but not female perioral swabs over scent samples from the back fur and that male sebum causes similar attraction as anogenital scent, a known source of social information in Fukomys. Finally, we assessed volatile compounds in the perioral sebum of the giant mole-rat (Fukomys mechowii) via GCxGC-MS-based metabolomic profiling. Volatiles display pronounced sex-specific signatures but also allow to differentiate between intrasexual reproductive status groups. These different lines of evidence suggest that mole-rat perioral glands provide complex odor signals which play a crucial role in social communication.
Effect of learning on slow gamma propagation between hippocampus and cortex in the wild-type and AD mice
Authors: Blinowska Katarzyna J. , Kamiński Maciej , Macrez Nathalie , Marighetto Aline , Meyrand Pierre , Bem Tiaza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSlow gamma oscillations (20–50 Hz) have been suggested to coordinate information transfer between brain structures involved in memory formation. Whereas the involvement of slow gamma in memory processing was studied by means of correlation between the gamma power and the occurrence of a given event (sharp wave ripples (SWRs), cortical transients), our approach consists of the analysis of the transmission of slow gamma itself. We use the method based on Granger causality principle—direct Directed Transfer Function, which allows to determine directed propagation of brain activity, including bidirectional flows. Four cortical sites along with CA1 ipsi- and contralateral were recorded in behaving wild-type and APP/PS1 mice before and after learning session of a spatial memory task. During slow wave sleep propagation of slow gamma was bidirectional, forming multiple loops of interaction which involved both CA1 and some of cortical sites. In episodes coincident with SWRs the number and strength of connectivity pathways increased in both groups compared to episodes without SWRs. The effect of learning was expressed only in APP/PS1 mice and consisted in strengthening of the slow gamma transmission from hippocampus to cortex as well as between both CA1 which may serve more efficient transmission of information from impaired CA1.
Fecal level of butyric acid, a microbiome-derived metabolite, is increased in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Stø Kristine , Valeur Jørgen , Ueland Thor , Malmstrøm Gunn Helen , Bjerkeli Vigdis , Trøseid Marius , Hov Johannes R. , Holm Kristian , Vestad Beate , Halvorsen Bente , Skjelland Mona , Skagen Karolina R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyric acid maintains a healthy gut barrier and vascular endothelium. We aimed to investigate the association between fecal butyric acid, carotid atherosclerosis and risk factors for ischemic stroke. Patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis (i.e. ≥ 50% stenosis) (n = 43) were compared with healthy controls (n = 38). We analyzed fecal SCFAs by gas chromatography, microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing, markers of gut barrier damage and inflammasome activation by immunoassay, and plasma SCFAs by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Patients had higher fecal butyric acid level (p = 0.024), along with increased functional potential of microbial butyric acid production (p = 0.031), compared with controls. Dietary fiber intake was comparable. Patients had higher levels of gut barrier damage markers CCL25 and IFABP, and the inflammasome activation marker IL-18, whereas plasma level of butyric was similar. Increased fecal butyric acid was associated with higher BMI, waist-hip ratio, HbA1c, CRP and leukocyte count. Contrary to our hypothesis, patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis had higher fecal butyric acid level, and increased microbial production, compared with controls. Gut barrier damage in patients might indicate decreased absorption of butyric acid and hence contribute to the higher fecal level.
Derivation of harmonised high-level safety requirements for self-driving cars using railway experience
Authors: Filip Aleš , Capua Roberto , Neri Alessandro , Rispoli Francesco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development and manufacture of self-driving cars (SDCs) have triggered unprecedented challenges among car manufacturers and smart road operators to accelerate awareness and implementation of innovative technologies for cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM), especially those with a high level of automation and safety. Safety improvement is a pre-requisite to justify and unleashing a mass deployment of connected and driverless cars to reach the goal of zero-accident in 2050 set by the European Commission. Behind these motivations a well-justified and widely acceptable high-level safety target for SDCs is mandatory. The aim of this article is to contribute to the derivation of an harmonised high-level safety target for SDCs, starting from the safety requirements and the state of the art achieved by train and airplane operations. The novelty of our approach is to leverage the Common Safety Method-Design Targets (CSM-DT) already adopted and widely accepted by the railway community. According to this approach, the derived, justified and harmonised high-level design safety target for SDCs, defined as the average probability of a dangerous failure PFSDC per 1 h, should be 1 × 10−7/h. An example of PFSDC allocation to individual SDC safety functions, including position determination based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), is described using a fault tree. The proposed methodology can speed up the validation and certification process needed to authorise the SDCs, by capitalising the know-how and best practices in use since many years for the train management.
A new strategy for the early detection of alzheimer disease stages using multifractal geometry analysis based on K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm
Authors: Elgammal Yasmina M. , Zahran M. A. , Abdelsalam Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is considered one of the most diseases that much prevalent among elderly people all over the world. AD is an incurable neurodegenerative disease affecting cognitive functions and were characterized by progressive and collective functions deteriorating. Remarkably, early detection of AD is essential for the development of new and invented treatment strategies. As Dementia causes irreversible damage to the brain neurons and leads to changes in its structure that can be described adequately within the framework of multifractals. Hence, the present work focus on developing a promising and efficient computing technique to pre-process and classify the AD disease especially in the early stages using multifractal geometry to extract the most changeable features due to AD. Then, A machine learning classification algorithm (K-Nearest Neighbor) has been implemented in order to classify and detect the main four early stages of AD. Two datasets have been used to ensure the validation of the proposed methodology. The proposed technique has achieved 99.4% accuracy and 100% sensitivity. The comparative results show that the proposed classification technique outperforms is recent techniques in terms of performance measures.
Multi-centre discriminating concentration determination of broflanilide and potential for cross-resistance to other public health insecticides in Anopheles vector populations
Authors: Portwood Natalie M. , Shayo Magreth F. , Tungu Patrick K. , Mbewe Njelembo J. , Mlay George , Small Graham , Snetselaar Janneke , Kristan Mojca , Levy Prisca , Walker Thomas , Kirby Matthew J. , Kisinza William , Mosha Franklin W. , Rowland Mark , Messenger Louisa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNovel insecticides are urgently needed to control insecticide-resistant populations of Anopheles malaria vectors. Broflanilide acts as a non-competitive antagonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and has shown prolonged effectiveness as an indoor residual spraying product (VECTRON T500) in experimental hut trials against pyrethroid-resistant vector populations. This multi-centre study expanded upon initial discriminating concentration testing of broflanilide, using six Anopheles insectary colonies (An. gambiae Kisumu KCMUCo, An. gambiae Kisumu NIMR, An. arabiensis KGB, An. arabiensis SENN, An. coluzzii N’Gousso and An. stephensi SK), representing major malaria vector species, to facilitate prospective susceptibility monitoring of this new insecticide; and investigated the potential for cross-resistance to broflanilide via the A296S mutation associated with dieldrin resistance (rdl). Across all vector species tested, the discriminating concentration for broflanilide ranged between LC99 × 2 = 1.126–54.00 μg/ml or LC95 × 3 = 0.7437–17.82 μg/ml. Lower concentrations of broflanilide were required to induce complete mortality of An. arabiensis SENN (dieldrin-resistant), compared to its susceptible counterpart, An. arabiensis KGB, and there was no association between the presence of the rdl mechanism of resistance and survival in broflanilide bioassays, demonstrating a lack of cross-resistance to broflanilide. Study findings provide a benchmark for broflanilide susceptibility monitoring as part of ongoing VECTRON T500 community trials in Tanzania and Benin.
Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of roots of Bupleurum chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, two sources of medicinal Chaihu
Authors: Wan Hefang , Zhou Lei , Wu Bin , Han Wenjing , Sui Chun , Wei Jianhe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadix Bupleuri (Chaihu in Chinese) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat colds and fevers. The root metabolome and transcriptome of two cultivars of B. chinense (BCYC and BCZC) and one of B. scorzonerifolium (BSHC) were determined and analyzed. Compared with BSHC, 135 and 194 differential metabolites were identified in BCYC and BCZC, respectively, which were mainly fatty acyls, organooxygen metabolites. A total of 163 differential metabolites were obtained between BCYC and BCZC, including phenolic acids and lipids. Compared with BSHC, 6557 and 5621 differential expression genes (DEGs) were found in BCYC and BSHC, respectively, which were annotated into biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid and fatty acid metabolism. A total of 4,880 DEGs existed between the two cultivars of B. chinense. The abundance of flavonoids in B. scorzonerifolium was higher than that of B. chinense, with the latter having higher saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D than the former. Pinobanksin was the most major flavonoid which differ between the two cultivars of B. chinense. The expression of chalcone synthase gene was dramatically differential, which had a positive correlation with the biosynthesis of pinobanksin. The present study laid a foundation for further research on biosynthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids of Bupleurum L.
Proteomic profiling of a patient with cutaneous melanoma metastasis regression following topical contact sensitizer diphencyprone and immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment
Authors: Han Joseph , Agarwal Aneesh , Young Jade N. , Owji Shayan , Luu Yen , Poplausky Dina , Yassky Daniel , Estrada Yeriel , Ungar Jonathan , Krueger James G. , Gulati Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma, but many patients do not respond to ICIs alone, and thus there is need for additional treatment options. Topical immunomodulators such as diphencyprone (DPCP) also have clinical use in advanced melanoma, particularly in the treatment of cutaneous metastases. In a previous report, we characterized the enhanced clinical response to dual agent immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and DPCP in a patient with cutaneous melanoma metastases. To improve mechanistic understanding of this response, we analyzed proteomic data using the Olink immuno-oncology panel of 96 biomarkers from tissue and serum samples of this patient throughout his treatment course. Particular attention was paid to programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) given they are all targeted by ICIs in clinical practice. These proteins were upregulated during the period of DPCP monotherapy, then downregulated during pembrolizumab monotherapy, and then robustly upregulated again during dual therapy. Although not exclusively, the induction of checkpoint inhibitor proteins in the presence of DPCP suggests potential synergy between this agent and ICIs in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma metastases. Large-scale investigation is warranted to further evaluate this potential novel combination therapeutic approach.
Coal seam in-situ inorganic analysis based on least angle regression and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm by XRF–visNIR fusion
Authors: Zhu Lei , Gu Wenzhe , Song Tianqi , Qiu Fengqi , Wang Qingya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe fusion of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and visible near infrared spectroscopy (visNIR) has been widely used in geological exploration. The outer product analysis (OPA) has a good effect in the fusion. The dimension of the spectral matrix obtained by OPA is large, and the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) cannot cover the whole spectrum. As a result, the selected variables by the method are inconsistent each time. In this paper, a new feature variable screening method is proposed, which uses the Least Angle Regression (LAR) to select the high dimensional spectral matrix first, and then uses CARS to complete the secondary selection of the spectral matrix, forming the LAR-CARS algorithm. The purpose is to make the sampling method cover all the spectral data. XRF and visNIR tests were carried out on three cores in two boreholes, and a cross-validation set, validation set and a test set were established by combining the results of wavelength dispersion X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and ITRAX Core scanner in the laboratory. The quantitative model was established with the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and LAR-CARS was compared to these other algorithms (LAR, Successive Projections Algorithm, Monte Carlo uninformative variables elimination and CARS). The results showed that the RMSEP values of the models established by the LAR-CARS for six rock-forming elements (Si, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Ti) were relatively small, and the RPD ranges from 1.424 to 2.514. All these results show that the high-dimensional matrix formed by XRF and visNIR integration combined with LAR-CARS can be used for quantitative analysis of rock forming elements in in-situ coal seam cores, and the analysis results can be used as the basis for judging lithology. The research will provide necessary technical support for digital mine construction.
Identification of RT-qPCR reference genes suitable for gene function studies in the pitaya canker disease pathogen Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Zhouwen , Wei Shuangshuang , Xie Jun , Huang Jiaquan , Li Dongdong , Hu Wenbin , Li Hongli , Tang Hua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeoscytalidium dimidiatum is the main causal agent of pitaya canker. Most studies of virulence and pathogenicity genes have measured expression levels using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Suitable reference genes are essential for ensuring that estimates of gene expression levels by RT-qPCR are accurate. However, no reference genes can be robustly applied across all contexts and species. No studies to date have evaluated the most effective reference genes for normalizing gene expression levels estimated by RT-qPCR in N. dimidiatum. In this study, RT-qPCR data for individual candidate reference genes were analyzed using four different methods: the delta Ct method and the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper algorithms. We evaluated the utility of eight candidate reference genes (18S rRNA, Actin (1), Actin (2), Actin, GAPDH (1), GAPDH (2), UBQ, and Tubulin) for normalizing expression levels estimated by RT-qPCR in N. dimidiatum at different developmental stages, at different temperatures, and during interaction with pitaya. All candidate reference genes were suitable for gene expression analysis except for Actin (2). Tubulin and Actin (1) were the most stably expressed reference genes under different temperatures. Actin (1) and Actin were the most stably expressed reference genes in N. dimidiatum at different developmental stages. Tubulin and UBQ were the most stably expressed reference genes during interaction with pitaya. Actin and 18s rRNA were the most stably expressed across all experimental conditions. Subsequently, Tubulin and UBQ were further investigated in analyses of pectinase expression during the pitaya–N. dimidiatum interaction. Our results provide insights that will aid future RT-qPCR studies of gene expression in N. dimidiatum.
A multiple criteria decision analysis based approach to remove uncertainty in SMP models
Authors: Yenduri Gokul , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoftware has to be updated frequently to match the customer needs. If software maintainability is not given priority, it affects the software development life cycle and maintenance expenses, which deplete organizational assets. Before releasing software, maintainability must be estimated, as the impact of bugs and errors can affect the cost and reputation of the organization after deployment. Regardless of the programming paradigm, it’s important to assess software maintainability. Many software maintainability prediction models’ compatibilities with new programming paradigms are criticized because their limited applicability over heterogeneous datasets. Due this challenge small and medium-sized organizations may even skip the maintainability assessment, resulting in huge lose to such organizations. Motivated by this fact, we used Genetic Algorithm optimized Random Forest technique (GA) for software maintainability prediction models over heterogeneous datasets. To find optimal model for software maintainability prediction, the Technique for Order preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a popular multiple-criteria decision-making model, is adopted. From the results, it is concluded that the GA is optimal for predicting maintainability of software developed in various paradigms.
Evolution and diversification of Mountain voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Liu Shaoying , Zhou Chengran , Meng Guanliang , Wan Tao , Tang Mingkun , Yang Chentao , Murphy Robert W. , Fan Zhenxin , Liu Yang , Zeng Tao , Zhao Yun , Liu Shanlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe systematics of the Cricetid genus Neodon have long been fraught with uncertainty due to sampling issues and a lack of comprehensive datasets. To gain better insights into the phylogeny and evolution of Neodon, we systematically sampled Neodon across the Hengduan and Himalayan Mountains, which cover most of its range in China. Analyses of skulls, teeth, and bacular structures revealed 15 distinct patterns corresponding to 15 species of Neodon. In addition to morphological analyses, we generated a high-quality reference genome for the mountain vole and generated whole-genome sequencing data for 47 samples. Phylogenomic analyses supported the recognition of six new species, revealing a long-term underestimation of Neodon diversity. We further identified positively selected genes potentially related to high-elevation adaptation. Together, our results illuminate how climate change caused the plateau to become the centre of Neodon origin and diversification and how mountain voles have adapted to the hypoxic high-altitude plateau environment.
A DFT study of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis: the effect of electric fields, excess electrons and catalyst surfaces on N2 dissociation
Authors: Chen She , Wang Yulei , Li Qihang , Li Kelin , Li Mengbo , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2022

The effect of electric field and surface charging on N2 adsorption and dissociation on Ru and Ni in plasma catalytic synthesis of ammonia.