bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Regional Model of Topside Ionospheric Effective Scale Heights Derived From Ionosonde and GNSS TEC
Authors: Jiang Chunhua , Liu Zhichao , Zhao Cong , Liu Tongxin , Yang Guobin , Shen Hua , Huang Wengeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIonospheric scale height is critical for the structure of electron density profile in the ionosphere. However, mostly, the effective scale heights (fitted with mathematical functions) instead of topside ionospheric scale heights were used to reconstruct the topside profile. In this study, a new method was proposed to estimate topside ionospheric effective scale heights from ionosonde and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical total electron content (TEC). First, the bottomside electron density profile can be estimated from ionograms. Then, combined the parameters of the F2 layer and effective scale heights, topside electron density profile can be estimated by Epstein Layer. Furthermore, ionosonde TEC can be compared with GNSS vertical TEC by adjusting effective scale heights to obtain best‐fit ionosonde TEC and effective scale heights. In this study, ionosonde and GNSS TEC data recorded at Zhangye station (39.40°N, 100.13°E) were used to test the performance. Results show that diurnal and seasonal characteristics of effective scale heights are consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, the Empirical Orthogonal Function technique was used to build a regional and empirical model of effective scale heights. Results show that the accuracy (between ±2.5 TECU) of ionosonde TEC are about 91.26% by comparing with GNSS TEC. Considered that the traditional methods mostly underestimated TEC, it indicates that the accuracy of ionosonde TEC can be improved significantly by the new model of effective scale heights. Furthermore, results show that the topside electron densities estimated by the proposed method are comparable with in situ observations measured by Swarm B.
Real-time full-color meta fiber endoscopy
Authors: Yu Changyuan , Cheng Zhi , Qu Jiaqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe remarkable capacity of metasurfaces to exert precise control over the propagation of light has ushered in a realm of unprecedented possibilities for “Lab-on-fiber”, and in this work, showcased real-time full-color imaging in a meta-optical fiber endoscope.
Intermediate filaments associate with aggresome-like structures in proteostressed C. elegans neurons and influence large vesicle extrusions as exophers
Authors: Arnold Meghan Lee , Cooper Jason , Androwski Rebecca , Ardeshna Sohil , Melentijevic Ilija , Smart Joelle , Guasp Ryan J. , Nguyen Ken C. Q. , Bai Ge , Hall David H. , Grant Barth D. , Driscoll Monica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractToxic protein aggregates can spread among neurons to promote human neurodegenerative disease pathology. We found that in C. elegans touch neurons intermediate filament proteins IFD-1 and IFD-2 associate with aggresome-like organelles and are required cell-autonomously for efficient production of neuronal exophers, giant vesicles that can carry aggregates away from the neuron of origin. The C. elegans aggresome-like organelles we identified are juxtanuclear, HttPolyQ aggregate-enriched, and dependent upon orthologs of mammalian aggresome adaptor proteins, dynein motors, and microtubule integrity for localized aggregate collection. These key hallmarks indicate that conserved mechanisms drive aggresome formation. Furthermore, we found that human neurofilament light chain (NFL) can substitute for C. elegans IFD-2 in promoting exopher extrusion. Taken together, our results suggest a conserved influence of intermediate filament association with aggresomes and neuronal extrusions that eject potentially toxic material. Our findings expand understanding of neuronal proteostasis and suggest implications for neurodegenerative disease progression.
Enhancing reactivity of SiO+ ions by controlled excitation to extreme rotational states
Authors: Venkataramanababu Sruthi , Li Anyang , Antonov Ivan O. , Dragan James B. , Stollenwerk Patrick R. , Guo Hua , Odom Brian C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptical pumping of molecules provides unique opportunities for control of chemical reactions at a wide range of rotational energies. This work reports a chemical reaction with extreme rotational excitation of a reactant and its kinetic characterization. We investigate the chemical reactivity for the hydrogen abstraction reaction SiO+ + H2 → SiOH+ + H in an ion trap. The SiO+ cations are prepared in a narrow rotational state distribution, including super-rotor states with rotational quantum number (j) as high as 170, using a broad-band optical pumping method. We show that the super-rotor states of SiO+ substantially enhance the reaction rate, a trend reproduced by complementary theoretical studies. We reveal the mechanism for the rotational enhancement of the reactivity to be a strong coupling of the SiO+ rotational mode with the reaction coordinate at the transition state on the dominant dynamical pathway.
In situ assembly of bioresorbable organic bioelectronics in the brain
Authors: Hjort Martin , Mousa Abdelrazek H. , Bliman David , Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Hellman Karin , Yadav Amit Singh , Ekström Peter , Ek Fredrik , Olsson Roger 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBioelectronics can potentially complement classical therapies in nonchronic treatments, such as immunotherapy and cancer. In addition to functionality, minimally invasive implantation methods and bioresorbable materials are central to nonchronic treatments. The latter avoids the need for surgical removal after disease relief. Self-organizing substrate-free organic electrodes meet these criteria and integrate seamlessly into dynamic biological systems in ways difficult for classical rigid solid-state electronics. Here we place bioresorbable electrodes with a brain-matched shear modulus—made from water-dispersed nanoparticles in the brain—in the targeted area using a capillary thinner than a human hair. Thereafter, we show that an optional auxiliary module grows dendrites from the installed conductive structure to seamlessly embed neurons and modify the electrode’s volume properties. We demonstrate that these soft electrodes set off a controlled cellular response in the brain when relaying external stimuli and that the biocompatible materials show no tissue damage after bioresorption. These findings encourage further investigation of temporary organic bioelectronics for nonchronic treatments assembled in vivo.
Synergy of dual-atom catalysts deviated from the scaling relationship for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Fang Cong , Zhou Jian , Zhang Lili , Wan Wenchao , Ding Yuxiao , Sun Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDual-atom catalysts, particularly those with heteronuclear active sites, have the potential to outperform the well-established single-atom catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction, but the underlying mechanistic understanding is still lacking. Herein, a large-scale density functional theory is employed to explore the feasibility of *O-*O coupling mechanism, which can circumvent the scaling relationship with improving the catalytic performance of N-doped graphene supported Fe-, Co-, Ni-, and Cu-containing heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts, namely, M’M@NC. Based on the constructed activity maps, a rationally designed descriptor can be obtained to predict homonuclear catalysts. Seven heteronuclear and four homonuclear dual-atom catalysts possess high activities that outperform the minimum theoretical overpotential. The chemical and structural origin in favor of *O-*O coupling mechanism thus leading to enhanced reaction activity have been revealed. This work not only provides additional insights into the fundamental understanding of reaction mechanisms, but also offers a guideline for the accelerated discovery of efficient catalysts.
Continuous estimation of power system inertia using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Linaro Daniele , Bizzarri Federico , del Giudice Davide , Pisani Cosimo , Giannuzzi Giorgio M. , Grillo Samuele , Brambilla Angelo M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInertia is a measure of a power system’s capability to counteract frequency disturbances: in conventional power networks, inertia is approximately constant over time, which contributes to network stability. However, as the share of renewable energy sources increases, the inertia associated to synchronous generators declines, which may pose a threat to the overall stability. Reliably estimating the inertia of power systems dominated by inverted-connected sources has therefore become of paramount importance. We develop a framework for the continuous estimation of the inertia in an electric power system, exploiting state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques. We perform an in-depth investigation based on power spectra analysis and input-output correlations to explain how the artificial neural network operates in this specific realm, thus shedding light on the input features necessary for proper neural-network training. We validate our approach on a heterogeneous power network comprising synchronous generators, static compensators and converter-interfaced generation: our results highlight how different devices are characterized by distinct spectral footprints - a feature that must be taken into account by transmission system operators when performing online network stability analyses.
Rational use of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COPD
Authors: Quint Jennifer K. , Ariel Amnon , Barnes Peter J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of treatment for asthma, but their role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is debated. Recent randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in patients with COPD and frequent or severe exacerbations demonstrated a significant reduction (~25%) in exacerbations with ICS in combination with dual bronchodilator therapy (triple therapy). However, the suggestion of a mortality benefit associated with ICS in these trials has since been rejected by the European Medicines Agency and US Food and Drug Administration. Observational evidence from routine clinical practice demonstrates that dual bronchodilation is associated with better clinical outcomes than triple therapy in a broad population of patients with COPD and infrequent exacerbations. This reinforces guideline recommendations that ICS-containing maintenance therapy should be reserved for patients with frequent or severe exacerbations and high blood eosinophils (~10% of the COPD population), or those with concomitant asthma. However, data from routine clinical practice indicate ICS overuse, with up to 50–80% of patients prescribed ICS. Prescription of ICS in patients not fulfilling guideline criteria puts patients at unnecessary risk of pneumonia and other long-term adverse events and also has cost implications, without any clear benefit in disease control. In this article, we review the benefits and risks of ICS use in COPD, drawing on evidence from RCTs and observational studies conducted in primary care. We also provide a practical guide to prescribing ICS, based on the latest global treatment guidelines, to help primary care providers identify patients for whom the benefits of ICS outweigh the risks.
Functional annotation of variants of the BRCA2 gene via locally haploid human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Li Hanqin , Bartke Rebecca , Zhao Lei , Verma Yogendra , Horacek Anna , Rechav Ben-Natan Alma , Pangilinan Gabriella R. , Krishnappa Netravathi , Nielsen Rasmus , Hockemeyer Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMutations in the BRCA2 gene are associated with sporadic and familial cancer, cause genomic instability and sensitize cancer cells to inhibition by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Here we show that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with one copy of BRCA2 deleted can be used to annotate variants of this gene and to test their sensitivities to PARP inhibition. By using Cas9 to edit the functional BRCA2 allele in the locally haploid hPSCs and in fibroblasts differentiated from them, we characterized essential regions in the gene to identify permissive and loss-of-function mutations. We also used Cas9 to directly test the function of individual amino acids, including amino acids encoded by clinical BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance, and identified alleles that are sensitive to PARP inhibitors used as a standard of care in BRCA2-deficient cancers. Locally haploid human pluripotent stem cells can facilitate detailed structure–function analyses of genes and the rapid functional evaluation of clinically observed mutations.
Quantization and its breakdown in a Hubbard–Thouless pump
Authors: Walter Anne-Sophie , Zhu Zijie , Gächter Marius , Minguzzi Joaquín , Roschinski Stephan , Sandholzer Kilian , Viebahn Konrad , Esslinger Tilman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeometric properties of wave functions can explain the appearance of topological invariants in many condensed-matter and quantum systems1. For example, topological invariants describe the plateaux observed in the quantized Hall effect and the pumped charge in its dynamic analogue—the Thouless pump2–4. However, the presence of interparticle interactions can affect the topology of a material, invalidating the idealized formulation in terms of Bloch waves. Despite pioneering experiments in different platforms5–9, the study of topological matter under variations in interparticle interactions has proven challenging10. Here we experimentally realize a topological Thouless pump with fully tuneable Hubbard interactions in an optical lattice and observe regimes with robust pumping, as well as an interaction-induced breakdown. We confirm the pump’s robustness against interactions that are smaller than the protecting gap for both repulsive and attractive interactions. Furthermore, we identify that bound pairs of fermions are responsible for quantized transport at strongly attractive interactions. However, for strong repulsive interactions, topological pumping breaks down, but we show how to reinstate it by modifying the pump trajectory. Our results will prove useful for further investigations of interacting topological matter10, including edge effects11 and interaction-induced topological phases12–15.
m5C regulator-mediated methylation modification phenotypes characterized by distinct tumor microenvironment immune heterogenicity in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Li Quanfa , Lin Yilin , Lin Suyong , Gao Ji , Chen Shaoqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification has been demonstrated to be an important epigenetic regulator and to impact colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the potential roles of m5C modification in immune cell infiltration in the CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unknown. The m5C modification phenotypes were comprehensively evaluated based on 14 m5C regulators in a meta-CRC cohort of 1792 patients and systematically correlated with the m5C modification phenotypes, immune cell infiltration characteristics and known biological processes. The m5Cscore model was constructed by principal component analysis (PCA) algorithms to quantify the m5C modification phenotypes of individual CRC samples and was used to predict the immunotherapy response. We identified three m5C modification phenotypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes and biological processes among the 1792 meta-CRC patients. Three phenotypes with a highly consistent TME landscape and characteristics were revealed: immune excluded, immune desert and immune inflammation. The meta-CRC patients were divided into high and low m5Cscore subgroups based on the m5Cscore. The m5Cscore was confirmed to have a negative correlation with infiltrating immune cells and PD-L1 expression and a positive correlation with tumor mutation burden (TMB), mutation rate and microsatellite instability (MSI) score. Moreover, patients in the low m5Cscore group had better immunotherapy responses and significant durable survival benefits in independent anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy cohorts for the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapeutic strategy. This study revealed that m5C modification plays a crucial role in TME composition and complexity. Comprehensive evaluation of the m5C modification phenotypes of individual patients will enhance our understanding of TME characteristics and promote the application of more appropriate and personalized treatment strategies.
Intrinsic brain connectivity alterations despite intact pain inhibition in subjects with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a pilot study
Authors: Huynh Vincent , Lütolf Robin , Rosner Jan , Luechinger Roger , Curt Armin , Kollias Spyridon , Michels Lars , Hubli Michèle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEndogenous pain modulation in humans is frequently investigated with conditioned pain modulation (CPM). Deficient pain inhibition is a proposed mechanism that contributes to neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have combined CPM testing and neuroimaging to reveal neural correlates of CPM efficiency in chronic pain. This study investigated differences in CPM efficiency in relation to resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between 12 SCI-NP subjects and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Twelve and 11 SCI-NP subjects were included in psychophysical and rsFC analyses, respectively. All HC were included in the final analyses. Psychophysical readouts were analysed to determine CPM efficiency within and between cohorts. Group differences of rsFC, in relation to CPM efficiency, were explored with seed-to-voxel rsFC analyses with pain modulatory regions, e.g. ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and amygdala. Overall, pain inhibition was not deficient in SCI-NP subjects and was greater in those with more intense NP. Greater pain inhibition was associated with weaker rsFC between the vlPAG and amygdala with the visual and frontal cortex, respectively, in SCI-NP subjects but with stronger rsFC in HC. Taken together, SCI-NP subjects present with intact pain inhibition, but can be differentiated from HC by an inverse relationship between CPM efficiency and intrinsic connectivity of supraspinal regions. Future studies with larger cohorts are necessary to consolidate the findings in this study.
Detection, visualization and quantification of protein complexes in human Alzheimer’s disease brains using proximity ligation assay
Authors: Romero-Fernandez Wilber , Carvajal-Tapia Cristian , Prusky Alex , Katdare Ketaki A. , Wang Emmeline , Shostak Alena , Ventura-Antunes Lissa , Harmsen Hannah J. , Lippmann Ethan S. , Fuxe Kjell , MacGurn Jason A. , Borroto-Escuela Dasiel O. , Schrag Matthew S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExamination of healthy and diseased human brain is essential to translational neuroscience. Protein–protein interactions play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes, but their detection is difficult, especially in aged and fixed human brain tissue. We used the in-situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) to broaden the range of molecular interactions assessable in-situ in the human neuropathology. We adapted fluorescent in-situ PLA to detect ubiquitin-modified proteins in human brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including approaches for the management of autofluorescence and quantification using a high-content image analysis system. We confirmed that phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (Serine202, Threonine205) aggregates were modified by ubiquitin and that phospho-tau-ubiquitin complexes were increased in hippocampal and frontal cortex regions in AD compared to non-AD brains. Overall, we refined PLA for use in human neuropathology, which has revealed a profound change in the distribution of ubiquitin in AD brain and its association with characteristic tau pathologies.
The genome of antibiotic-producing colonies of the Pelagophyte alga Chrysophaeum taylorii reveals a diverse and non-canonical capacity for secondary metabolism
Authors: Davison Jack R. , Rajwani Rahim , Zhao Gengxiang , Bewley Carole A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChrysophaeum taylorii is a member of an understudied clade of marine algae that can be responsible for harmful coastal blooms and is known to accumulate bioactive natural products including antibiotics of the chrysophaentin class. Whole genome sequencing of laboratory-cultivated samples revealed an extensive and diverse complement of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes in C. taylorii, alongside a small microbiome with a more limited biosynthetic potential. 16S microbiome analysis of laboratory cultured alongside wild-collected samples revealed several common taxa; however, analysis of biosynthetic genes suggested an algal origin for the chrysophaentins, possibly via one of several non-canonical polyketide synthase genes encoded within the genome.
Stability and repeatability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of normal pancreas on 5.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Sun Wenbo , Xu Dan , Yu Hao , Mei Hao , Song Xiaopeng , Xu Haibo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo explore the stability and repeatability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of normal pancreas with different field of views (FOV) on 5.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Twenty healthy subjects underwent two sessions of large FOV (lFOV) and reduced FOV (rFOV) DWI sequence scanning. Two radiologists measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the pancreatic head, body, and tail on DWI images, simultaneously, using a 5-point scale, evaluate the artifacts and image quality. One radiologist re-measured the ADC on DWI images again after a 4-week interval. The test-retest repeatability of two scan sessions were also evaluated. Intra-observer and inter-observer at lFOV and rFOV, the ADC values were not significantly different (P > 0.05), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficient of variations were excellence (ICCs 0.85–0.99, CVs < 8.0%). The ADC values were lower with rFOV than lFOV DWI for the head, body, tail, and overall pancreas. The consistency of the two scan sessions were high. The high stability and repeatability of pancreas DWI has been confirmed at 5.0 T. Scan durations are reduced while resolution and image quality are improved with rFOV DWI, which is more preferable than lFOV for routine pancreas imaging.
Blood transcriptome analysis in a buck-ewe hybrid points towards an nuclear factor-kappa B lymphoproliferative autoimmune disorder
Authors: Falker-Gieske Clemens , Tetens Jens 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMammal hybridization is a speciation mechanism and an evolutionary driver. Goat-sheep, especially buck-ewe hybrids, are very rare with only one case reported in 2016, which is the subject of the work presented here. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed that the hybrid largely deviated from imprinting schemes previously described in sheep and other mammals. Furthermore, transcriptome regulation seems to differ from the parent transcriptomes, which is most likely a product of partially incompatible imprinting mechanisms from two closely related species. To gain a deeper understanding of hybridization in mammals we re-analyzed the RNA sequencing data of the buck-ewe hybrid and its parents. We found parent-of-origin-specific expression of genes that functionally clustered, which we explain with the Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibility (DMI) model. According to the DMI model, proteins which interact have a high probability of being barrier loci and hence are prone to monoallelic expression. We discovered enrichment of genes uniquely expressed by the buck-ewe hybrid, which implicate that it suffered from an NF-κB lymphoproliferative autoimmune disorder. Similar findings were reported in the F1 generation of hybrid mice. We propose that hybridization of two related species may lead to an autoimmune phenotype, due to immunoglobulin incompatibilities and incomplete silencing of barrier loci.