bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auswirkungen der Schließung der pädiatrischen
Abteilung eines Kreiskrankenhauses auf die regionale Versorgung –
Analyse der Patientenflüsse
Authors: Tischler Luisa , Beyer Angelika , Moon Kilson , Hoffmann Wolfgang , van den Berg Neeltje 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Folgen der Ökonomisierung und der Personalmangel
im deutschen Gesundheitswesen treffen pädiatrische Versorgungsstrukturen
stark, insbesondere in ländlichen Regionen. Es ist kaum bekannt, wie
sich Schließungen pädiatrischer Abteilungen auf
Patientenströme umliegender Krankenhäuser auswirken.
Fragestellung: Welche quantitativen Auswirkungen haben die Schließung
der pädiatrischen Abteilung eines Kreiskrankenhauses und die
nachfolgende Eröffnung eines ambulanten Versorgungsangebots auf die
Inanspruchnahme der Versorgungsleistungen der beiden benachbarten
Krankenhäuser und den Rettungsdienst der Region?
Methodik Im Beobachtungszeitraum 2015 bis 2019 wurden Patientendaten der
drei Krankenhäuser der Beobachtungsregion sowie Daten des
Rettungsdienstes des Landkreises gemeinsam ausgewertet. Eingeschlossen wurden
Patienten unter 18 Jahren aus 12 Postleitzahlenbereichen.
Ergebnisse Im Jahr nach der Schließung der Pädiatrie des
Kreiskrankenhauses in 2016 verringerte sich die Gesamtanzahl der
stationären Fälle der Region zunächst um 33%
(2015: n=1.787; 2016: n=1.193) und reduzierte sich dann noch um
weitere 11% (2019: n=1.005). Die Anzahl ambulanter Fälle
verringerte sich insgesamt um 8% (2015: n=6.250; 2019:
n=5.770). Im Jahr 2019 war der Rettungstransportwagen wesentlich
häufiger im Einsatz als im Jahr vor der Schließung (2015:
n=398; 2019: n=572). Dies bedeutet eine Steigerung um
44%.
Schlussfolgerung Nach der Schließung der
Pädiatrie-Abteilung verringerte sich die Gesamtanzahl der
stationären Fälle in der Region stark, tatsächliche
Versorgungslücken sind offenbar aber nicht entstanden. Vor einer
Schließung sollten die Folgen für die umringenden
Krankenhäuser genauer eingeschätzt werden. Echten
Versorgungslücken muss entgegengewirkt werden, z. B. durch
alternative ambulante Angebote.
Time to Antibiotics (TTA) – Überlegungen der
Arbeitsgruppe Fieber bei Granulozytopenie im Kindes- und Jugendalter
(GPOH/DGPI) zu einer Neubewertung.
Authors: Simon Arne , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Baltaci Yeliz , Dohna-Schwake Christian , Groll Andreas , Laws Hans-Jürgen , Potratz Jenny , Hufnagel Markus , Bochennek Konrad 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die geltende Leitlinie für kinderonkologische
Patienten mit febriler Granulozytopenie (FN) von 2016 empfiehlt eine
Time-to-Antibiotics (TTA)<60 min.
Methode Kritische Analyse verfügbarer Studien und Metaanalysen,
Diskussion der Konsequenzen in der Arbeitsgruppe Fieber bei Granulozytopenie der
Fachgesellschaften für pädiatrische Onkologie und
Hämatologie und pädiatrische Infektiologie.
Ergebnisse Die verfügbaren Studien können keinen klinisch
signifikanten Vorteil einer TTA<60 min für alle
kinderonkologischen Patienten mit FN darstellen. Studien, die einen solchen
Zusammenhang nahelegen, sind mit einem Triage Bias und anderen methodischen
Limitationen behaftet und nutzen unterschiedliche TTA Definitionen. Hingegen ist
eine TTA<60 min elementarer Bestandteil des
Einstunden-Maßnahme-Bündels bei septischem Schock oder Sepsis
mit Organdysfunktion.
Zusammenfassung Wenn alle kinderonkologischen Patienten mit neu
aufgetretenem Fieber zeitnah durch gut ausgebildetes und trainiertes
Fachpersonal eine strukturierte Anamnese und körperliche Untersuchung
(inkl. Vitalzeichen) erhalten und unter der Voraussetzung, dass lokal eine
Sepsis Triage und Management Bündel etabliert und implementiert wurde,
ist eine TTA<3 h bei kinderonkologischen Patienten mit FN
angemessen.
Modern Macrolactonization Techniques
Authors: Lebœuf David , Van Hoof Max , Force Guillaume 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study of macrolactonization processes has been a steady endeavor for synthetic chemists to access macrocycles that are fundamental in the development of numerous high-added-value compounds, notably drugs and fragrances. This field of research is essential as macrolactonizations usually take place at the end of manifold syntheses and chemists need reliable, efficient, and versatile tools to avoid unpredictable results that would lead them to completely redesign their synthetic plan. Here, we highlight the recent methods reported to achieve macrolactonizations towards the formation of both macrolactones and macrodiolides, which feature either Lewis acids, transition metals or organic molecules as activating agents.1	Introduction2	Stoichiometric Carboxylic Acid Activation3	Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction4	C–H Activation5	Ring-Expansion Strategy6	Chemoenzymatic Synthesis7	Other Macrolactonization Variants8	Conclusion and Outlook
Preoperative Risk Factors for Lymphedema in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Copeland-Halperin Libby R. , Hyland Colby J. , Gadiraju Goutam K. , Xiang David H. , Bellon Jennifer R. , Lynce Filipa , Dey Tanujit , Troll Elizabeth P. , Ryan Sean J. , Nakhlis Faina , Broyles Justin M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Prophylactic lymphatic bypass or LYMPHA (LYmphatic Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach) is increasingly offered to prevent lymphedema following breast cancer treatment, which develops in up to 47% of patients. Previous studies focused on intraoperative and postoperative lymphedema risk factors, which are often unknown preoperatively when the decision to perform LYMPHA is made. This study aims to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors in the high-risk inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) population.
Methods Retrospective review of our institution's IBC program database was conducted. The primary outcome was self-reported lymphedema development. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify preoperative lymphedema risk factors, while controlling for number of lymph nodes removed during axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), number of positive lymph nodes, residual disease on pathology, and need for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Results Of 356 patients with IBC, 134 (mean age: 51 years, range: 22–89 years) had complete data. All 134 patients underwent surgery and radiation. Forty-seven percent of all 356 patients (167/356) developed lymphedema. Obesity (body mass index > 30) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–6.4, p = 0.02) and non-white race (OR: 4.5, CI: 1.2–23, p = 0.04) were preoperative lymphedema risk factors.
Conclusion Patients with IBC are high risk for developing lymphedema due to the need for ALND, radiation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study also identified non-white race and obesity as risk factors. Larger prospective studies should evaluate potential racial disparities in lymphedema development. Due to the high prevalence of lymphedema, LYMPHA should be considered for all patients with IBC.
Efeito da cirurgia de correção da coluna vertebral na força dos membros inferiores na escoliose idiopática do adolescente
Authors: Laett Conrado Torres , Visconti Rogério dos Reis , Meirelles Ricardo de Souza Portes , Santos Lenifran de Matos , Cossich Victor Rodrigues Amaral , Silva Sidnei Cavalcante da 
Published: September 2023

Resumo
Objetivos Analisar a força dos membros inferiores em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) submetidos ou não ao tratamento cirúrgico e examinar sua correlação com a distância percorrida em um teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6).
Métodos Um total de 88 participantes (n = 30 pacientes com EIA pré-operatório, n = 30 pacientes com EIA pós-operatório e n = 28 controles) foram submetidos ao 6MWT e à avaliação da força muscular. A força dos membros inferiores foi medida na articulação do joelho usando os valores de pico de torque (PT) de extensão do joelho (EJ) e flexão do joelho (FJ).
Resultados O grupo controle percorreu uma distância maior no TC6 em comparação aos grupos pré-operatório (534 ± 67 m) e pós-operatório (541 ± 69 m), com distância de 612 ± 70 m (p <0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças em PT EJ (pré: 2,1 ± 0,63, pós: 2,1 ± 0,7, controle: 2,2 ± 0,7 Nm.kg−1, p = 0,67) ou PT FJ (pré: 1,0 ± 0,3, pós: 1,1 ± 0,3, controle: 1,1 ± 0,5 Nm.kg−1, p = 0,46). Houve uma correlação positiva moderada entre PT EJ e a distância do TC6 (r = 0,53, p < 0,001), assim como uma correlação positiva baixa entre PT FJ (r = 0,37, p = 0,003) e a distância do TC6.
Conclusão Este estudo destaca a importância da força máxima dos membros inferiores na funcionalidade de pacientes com EIA. Nossos achados sugerem que programas de exercícios destinados a aumentar a força dos membros inferiores, especialmente de EJ, podem melhorar a capacidade de caminhada de pacientes com EIA. Esses resultados fornecem informações úteis para o projeto de programas de exercícios intencionais para pacientes com EIA e déficits de marcha.
ABO Blood Group and the Risk of Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: A Mini-Review
Authors: Elsherif Salah , Zidan Ali , Saville Olivia , Othman Maha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCancer-associated thrombosis (CT), especially venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a common occurrence with several factors contributing to a wide diversity in thrombosis risk. The association between ABO blood groups and the risk for CT has been examined in various studies, with non-O blood type associated with an increased thrombosis risk; however, these studies have reported varying results with recognized limitations. ABO blood groups are known to be implicated in hemostasis, in an association mediated through von Willebrand factor (VWF). In this narrative review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge surrounding the role of ABO blood groups in VTE, with a particular focus on the role of VWF and other contributing risk factors on VTE occurrence. We found evidence from literature for the impact of ABO blood groups in determining the risk of VTE in healthy populations, with a limited number of studies examining this effect in cancer patients. Additionally, research on the impact of ABO on different cancer types lacks rigor, particularly in regard to other risk factors. Overall, most studies showed strong association of increased risk of VTE amongst cancer patients with non-O blood groups and increased VWF levels. This association was weaker in a few studies. Further research is needed before a solid conclusion can be made about the ABO or ABO-VWF-mediated hypercoagulability and VTE risk in various cancers. These studies will help determine if ABO typing can be an added biomarker to improve VTE risk assessment models in cancer patients.
Neuroprognostication for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Updated, Evidence-Based Review
Authors: Martin Schaff Christina , Kurent Jerome E. , Kolodziejczak Sherry , Milic Michelle , Foster Laura A. , Mehta Ambereen K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presents and progresses in various ways, making prognostication difficult. Several paradigms exist for providers to elucidate prognosis in a way that addresses not only the amount of time a patient has to live, but also a patient's quality of their life moving forward. Prognostication, with regard to both survivability and quality of life, is impacted by several features that include, but are not limited to, patient demographics, clinical features on presentation, and over time, access to therapy, and access to multidisciplinary clinics. An understanding of the impact that these features have on the life of a patient with ALS can help providers to develop a better and more personalized approach for patients related to their clinical prognosis after a diagnosis is made. The ultimate goal of prognostication is to empower patients with ALS to take control and make decisions with their care teams to ensure that their goals are addressed and met.
Figuring the ‘cynical scientist’ in British animal science: the politics of invisibility
Authors: Holmes Tarquin , Friese Carrie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the ‘cynical scientist’ as a figure in British animal science discourse that developed in relation to the nineteenth-century emergence of the ‘sceptical scientist’. Here, efforts by scientists to demarcate their profession’s territory led to religious backlash against an alleged ‘divorce’ of British science from Christian morality. Animal experimentation became embroiled in this controversy through antivivisectionists’ conviction that animal research was symptomatic of scientific scepticism and Continental atheism’s malign influence. Accusations of cynicism ultimately forced British scientists to accept legal regulation following the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection. British scientists were, however, able to utilise their political leverage and credibility as experts to favourably influence licensing and inspection. We suggest that efforts to silence public claims of scientific cynicism may have enabled ‘cynical scientists’ to remain invisible and that this was marked by privilege and power, not marginality. Nevertheless, we argue that regulation and reforms have also worked to internalise within British animal science the notion that scientific cynicism must be combatted through proper governance and internal discipline.
Selection homophily and peer influence for adolescents’ smoking and vaping norms and outcomes in high and middle-income settings
Authors: Murray Jennifer M. , Sánchez-Franco Sharon C. , Sarmiento Olga L. , Kimbrough Erik O. , Tate Christopher , Montgomery Shannon C. , Kumar Rajnish , Dunne Laura , Ramalingam Abhijit , Krupka Erin L. , Montes Felipe , Zhou Huiyu , Moore Laurence , Bauld Linda , Llorente Blanca , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe MECHANISMS study investigates how social norms for adolescent smoking and vaping are transmitted through school friendship networks, and is the first study to use behavioral economics methodology to assess smoking-related social norms. Here, we investigate the effects of selection homophily (the tendency to form friendships with similar peers) and peer influence (a social process whereby an individual’s behavior or attitudes are affected by peers acting as reference points for the individual) on experimentally measured smoking and vaping norms, and other smoking outcomes, in adolescents from high and middle-income settings. Full school year groups in six secondary schools in Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) and six secondary schools in Bogotá (Colombia) participated (n = 1344/1444, participation = 93.1%, target age 12–13 years). Over one semester, pupils received one previously tested school-based smoking prevention program (ASSIST or Dead Cool). Outcomes included experimentally measured smoking/vaping norms, self-report and objectively measured smoking behavior, and self-report smoking norms, intentions, susceptibility, attitudes, and psycho-social antecedents. We investigated selection homophily and peer influence using regressions and SIENA modeling. Regression results demonstrate lagged and contemporaneous selection homophily (odds ratios [ORs] = 0.87–1.26, p ≤ 0.01), and peer influence effects for various outcomes from average responses of friends, school classes, or school year groups (standardized coefficients [βs] = 0.07–0.55, ORs = 1.14–1.31, p ≤ 0.01). SIENA models showed that comparable proportions of smoking/vaping-based similarity between friends were due to selection homophily (32.8%) and peer influence (39.2%). A higher percentage of similarity between friends was due to selection homophily and/or peer influence for ASSIST schools compared to Dead Cool. Selection homophily was also more important in Bogotá, whilst peer influence was stronger in Northern Ireland. These findings support using social norms strategies in adolescent smoking prevention interventions. Future research should consider selection homophily and social influence jointly, and examine whether these findings translate to other high and low-middle-income settings with varying cultures and norms.
Technology preparedness and translator training
Authors: Venkatesan Hari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With increasing acknowledgment of enhanced quality now achievable by Machine Translation, new possibilities have
emerged through collaboration between human and machine in the translation process, including providing varying qualities of
translation in response to quality/efficiency requirements. This paper presents surveys of post-graduate students of translation
conducted over four consecutive years to examine if their awareness and preparedness have kept pace with these possibilities. It
is found that respondents across the years generally perceive their awareness as lacking, are hesitant in employing MT, and show
marked reservations when reconsidering issues such as quality and the preeminent position of the human translator. A review of
existing research in translator training points towards a lopsided emphasis on linguistic competence and standalone courses for
introducing technology as the primary cause behind low adoption. The need of the hour is translator training that fully integrates
technology in the translation process and also provides a clear framework to adjust quality/efficiency is important to ensure
preparedness. A repeat survey of students from 2021 who were trained under this model shows an increase in willingness to use MT
and to consider quality as dependent on intended use. The focus here is on Chinese-English translation, but the discussion may
find resonance with other language pairs.
Colorimetry-based and smartphone-assisted machine-learning model for quantification of urinary albumin
Authors: Bhatt Sunita , Kumar Sunil , Gupta Mitesh Kumar , Datta Sudip Kumar , Dubey Satish Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The presence of albumin in the urine is indicative of kidney damage and can occur due to several underlying conditions, such as diabetes. The concentration of albumin in urine is used for the diagnosis and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In clinical samples, the detection of albumin at lower concentrations is crucial for the early diagnosis and monitoring of CKD. Current urine analyzers precisely quantify albumin but are expensive and difficult to use in point-of-care (PoC) settings. Here, we demonstrate the quantification of albumin concentration in a urine sample using colorimetry. This model presents an accessory-free urine analyzer that uses a smartphone and customized machine-learning algorithms. Here, a urine sample is introduced onto a chemically impregnated dipstick that exhibits a change in color with the amount of albumin. Images of the urine dipsticks are captured using a smartphone camera under different illumination/experimental conditions and are processed to extract changes in the color values arising due to changes in the concentration of urinary albumin. Albumin concentrations are estimated from changes in color values. We used customized machine-learning algorithms to classify albumin concentrations and mitigate the effect of ambient light conditions. The k-nearest neighbor algorithm yielded an average classification accuracy of 96% with a detection limit of 4 mg l−1. The proposed scheme can be extensively used to monitor albumin concentration in PoC settings.
A panoramic image stitching method for nuclear fuel assemblies
Authors: Yang Bin , Cheng Yu-qi , Chen Rui , Li Li , Guo Ran , Geng He-hui , Liu Tao , Li Wen-long 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The fuel assembly (FA) is the core component of the nuclear reactor, and inaccurate inspection of FA bending and deformation can cause severe disasters in nuclear power plant reactors. It is an important task to restore a panoramic image of the FA from the video collected by the orthogonal visual inspection system. It can provide a more intuitive qualitative observation. Meanwhile, it is conducive to the estimation of deformation. This paper proposes a panoramic image stitching method for nuclear FA, which classifies video frames into grid images (GI) and non-grid images (NGI). It utilizes the speed of GI frames to estimate the speed of NGI frames. The horizontal offset and vertical offset between frames are estimated in two steps. The high-quality panoramic image can be obtained by image fusion. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve the panoramic image stitching of simulated samples and actual FAs with a deformation estimation accuracy of 0.3 mm. The proposed method has been verified and used in actual nuclear power plant reactor maintenance.
Global existence of solutions to the 4D attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system and applications of Brezis–Merle inequality
Authors: Hosono Tatsuya , Ogawa Takayoshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the Cauchy problem for an attraction–repulsion chemotaxis system in the four space dimension. One of main topics in the study of such a system is the presence of L
1 threshold. In fact, the critical mass phenomenon called 8π-problem is well-known in the two-dimensional setting. In this paper, we show the global existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the four-dimensional subcritical case, that is, the total mass of the initial data is less than the four-dimensional L
1 threshold value

(
8
π

)
2

. The key ingredients are the four-dimensional Brezis–Merle type inequality of the 4th-order elliptic equation and some inequalities derived from rearrangement arguments.
A low cost ripple tank experiment with 3D printed components and an Arduino control unit
Authors: Westhoff Peter Michael , Pusch Alexander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this article we present a ripple tank with 3D printed components including a control unit with Arduino microcontroller that can be inexpensively replicated. With the presented setup, experiments such as Huygens’ principle, diffraction, and the double-slit experiment according to Young are possible. Due to the simple operability and the comparatively low price, the experiments can be carried out easily and quickly by the learners themselves.
An improved QFT-based quantum comparator and extended modular arithmetic using one ancilla qubit
Authors: Yuan Yewei , Wang Chao , Wang Bei , Chen Zhao-Yun , Dou Meng-Han , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quantum comparators and modular arithmetic are fundamental in many quantum algorithms. Current research mainly focuses on operations between two quantum states. However, various applications, such as integer factorization, optimization, and financial risk analysis, commonly require one of the inputs to be classical. It requires many ancillary qubits, especially when subsequent computations are involved. In this paper, we propose a quantum–classical comparator based on the quantum Fourier transform. Then we extend it to compare two quantum integers and modular arithmetic. Proposed operators only require up to one ancilla qubit, which is optimal for qubit resources. We analyze limitations in the current modular addition circuit and develop it to process arbitrary quantum states in the entire n-qubit space. The proposed algorithms reduce computing resources and make them valuable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.