bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive phenotypes and factors associated with cognitive decline in a cohort of older patients with atrial fibrillation: The Strat‐AF study
Authors: Salvadori Emilia , Barucci Eleonora , Barbato Carmen , Formelli Benedetta , Cesari Francesca , Chiti Stefano , Diciotti Stefano , Giusti Betti , Gori Anna Maria , Marzi Chiara , Pescini Francesca , Pracucci Giovanni , Fainardi Enrico , Marcucci Rossella , Poggesi Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe multifactorial relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment needs to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess, in AF patients on oral anticoagulants (OACs), the prevalence of cognitive impairment, defined according to clinical criteria or data‐driven phenotypes, the prevalence of cognitive worsening, and factors associated with cognitive outcomes.MethodsThe observational prospective Strat‐AF study enrolled AF patients aged ≥ 65 years who were receiving OACs. The baseline and 18‐month protocol included clinical, functional, and cognitive assessment, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive outcomes were: empirically derived cognitive phenotypes; clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment; and longitudinal cognitive worsening.ResultsOut of 182 patients (mean age 77.7 ± 6.7 years, 63% males), 82 (45%) received a cognitive impairment diagnosis, which was associated with lower education level and functional status, and higher level of atrophy. Cluster analysis identified three cognitive profiles: dysexecutive (17%); amnestic (25%); and normal (58%). Compared to the normal group, the dysexecutive group was older, and had higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores, while the amnestic group had worse cognitive and functional abilities, and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA). Out of 128 followed‐up patients, 35 (27%) had cognitive worsening that was associated with lower education level, worse cognitive efficiency, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, timing of OAC intake, history of stroke, diabetes, non‐lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities and MTA. In multivariate models, belonging to the dysexecutive or amnestic group was a main predictor of cognitive worsening.ConclusionsIn our cohort of older AF patients, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, timing of OAC intake, and history of stroke influenced presence, type and progression of cognitive impairment. Empirically derived cognitive classification identified three groups with different clinical profiles and better predictive ability for cognitive worsening compared to conventional clinical diagnosis.
Causal effect of gut‐microbiota‐derived metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide on Parkinson's disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Hang , Luo Yuqi , Zhang Wenjie , Xie Fen , Deng Chao , Zheng Wenhua , Zhu Shuzhen , Wang Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIt has been suggested that trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) is related to Parkinson's disease (PD) in observational studies. However, the direction of this association is inconsistent. An exploratory Mendelian randomization study was conducted to investigate whether TMAO and its precursors have a causal relationship with PD.MethodsSummary statistics were obtained for single nucleotide polymorphisms related to circulating levels of TMAO, betaine, carnitine and choline, and the corresponding data for the risk, age at onset and progression of PD from genome‐wide association studies. Inverse‐variance weighting was used as the primary method for effect estimation. The false discovery rate was applied to the correction of multiple testing. Apvalue of association <0.05 but above the false discovery rate corrected threshold was deemed suggestive evidence of a possible association. A range of robust Mendelian randomization methods were used for sensitivity analysis.ResultsSuggestive evidence was observed of an inverse causal effect of TMAO on motor fluctuations (odds ratio [OR] 0.851, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.731, 0.990,p = 0.037) and carnitine on insomnia (OR 0.817, 95% CI 0.700, 0.954,p = 0.010) and a positive causal effect of betaine on Hoehn–Yahr stage (OR 1.397, 95% CI 1.112, 1.756,p = 0.004), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III score (β = 0.138, 95% CI 0.051, 0.225,p = 0.002), motor fluctuations (OR 1.236, 95% CI 1.011, 1.511,p = 0.039), and choline on UPDRS IV (β = 0.106, 95% CI 0.026, 0.185,p = 0.009) and modified Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale score (β = 0.806, 95% CI 0.127, 1.484,p = 0.020).ConclusionsOur findings provide suggestive evidence that TMAO and its precursors have a causal effect on the progression of PD. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is required.
Ischaemic cerebral small vessel disease caused by adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Giossi Alessia , Giliani Silvia Clara , Gamba Massimo , Toniati Paola , Magoni Mauro , Pezzini Alessandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeOnly a small proportion of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), a frequent cause of stroke and cognitive or motor disability in adults, is attributable to monogenic conditions. The hereditary nature of a patient's cSVD may be masked by a mild or non‐informative phenotype, as single‐gene disorders have a variable mode of presentation, penetrance and disease severity.Case descriptionAn adult patient is here described with recurrent acute ischaemic strokes due to cSVD with no other phenotypic manifestation, in whom the pathogenic c.139G>A (p.G47R) missense variant in ADA2 (NM_001282225.2), consistent with the diagnosis of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency syndrome, was detected by targeted next‐generation sequencing.ConclusionsClinical suspicion of adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency syndrome may be overlooked in stroke patients in whom other specific disease features are lacking. This case enlarges the mode of presentation of the syndrome and highlights the diagnostic potential of next‐generation sequencing of known cSVD genes in young adults with recurrent small subcortical infarcts presenting with a lacunar syndrome.
Generating the structural graph‐based model from a program source‐code using chaotic forrest optimization algorithm
Authors: Arasteh Bahman , Ghanbarzadeh Reza , Gharehchopogh Farhad Soleimanian , Hosseinalipour Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the most important and costly stages in software development is maintenance. Understanding the structure of software will make it easier to maintain it more efficiently. Clustering software modules is thought to be an effective reverse engineering technique for deriving structural models of software from source code. In software module clustering, the most essential objectives are to minimize connections between produced clusters, maximize internal connections within created clusters, and maximize clustering quality. Finding the appropriate software system clustering model is considered an NP‐complete task. The previously proposed approaches' key limitations are their low success rate, low stability, and poor modularization quality. In this paper, for optimal clustering of software modules, Chaotic based heuristic method using a forest optimization algorithm is proposed. The impact of chaos theory on the performance of the other SFLA‐GA and PSO‐GA has also been investigated. The results show that using the logistic chaos approach improves the performance of these methods in the software‐module clustering problem. The performance of chaotic based FOA, SFLA‐GA and PSO‐GA is superior to the other heuristic methods in terms of modularization quality and stability of the results.
Novel indole retinoid derivative induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and modulates AKT and ERK signaling in HL‐60 cells
Authors: Gurkan‐Alp A. Selen , Karabay Arzu Z. , Koc Asli , Buyukbingol Erdem 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChemotherapy with targeted drugs is the first line therapy option for acute and chronic myeloid leukemia. However, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be used in high‐risk patients or patients with failed responses to chemo drugs. Discovery and development of more effective new agents with lower side effects is the main aim of leukemia treatment. In this study, a novel retinoid compound with tetrahydronaphthalene ring was synthesized and evaluated for anticancer activity in human chronic and acute myeloid leukemia cell lines K562 and HL‐60. Novel N‐(1H‐indol‐1‐yl)‐5,5,8,8‐tetramethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydronaphthalene‐2‐carboxamide was synthesized based on molecular hybridization of the two different bioactive structures retinoid head and indole. The effects of the synthesized carboxamide compound, which was referred to as compound 5, were determined in K562 chronic myeloid leukemia and HL‐60 acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and L929 fibroblast cell line, which served as a control. Colorimetric MTT and caspase3 activity tests, flow cytometry, western blot, and microscopic examinations were used to evaluate biological activity. Compound 5 more effectively induced cell death in HL60 cells in comparison to K562 cells and L929 fibroblast cells. Therefore, further mechanism of cell death was investigated in HL60 cell line. It was found that compound 5 induced remarkable cytotoxicity, caspase3 activation, and PARP fragmentation in HL60 cells. Flow cytometric staining showed that the percentage of cells arrested in G0/G1 was also increased with compound 5 treatment. Important modulator proteins of cell proliferation p‐ERK, p‐AKT, and p‐m‐TOR were also found to be inhibited with compound 5 treatment. Collectively, our results reveal compound 5, which is a novel indole retinoid compound as a potential active agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Discordance between joint pain and imagery severity in the ankle joint and contributors of lower limb activity limitations in adults with haemophilia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chantrain Valérie‐Anne , Guillaume Sylvain , Foubert Anthe , Meeus Mira , Lobet Sébastien , Lambert Catherine , Lecouvet Frédéric , Hermans Cedric , Roussel Nathalie Anne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilia (PwH) suffer from knee and ankle joint pain, but the association with structural damage remains underexplored. They report activity limitations but it is unclear which factors contribute to lower limb activity limitations (LL‐AL).AimsThis study aimed (i) to analyse the association between ankle joint pain and structure and (ii) explore the contribution of haemophilia‐related, individual and psychological factors to LL‐AL in PwH.MethodsThis study included 104 moderate/severe PwH. Ankle pain intensity was assessed with a numeric rating scale and pain sensitivity with algometry (pressure pain threshold (PPTA)). Ankle structure was assessed with MRI (IPSG‐MRI) and ultrasound (HEAD‐US), joint health with the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). The HAL‐LOWCOM subscore evaluated LL‐AL. A Spearman correlation analysed the correlation between ankle pain and structure. The contribution of haemophilia‐related factors (joint health, overall pain (Brief Pain Inventory‐Pain Severity (BPI‐PS)), functional status (2‐Minute‐Walking‐Distance, Timed Up and Go); individual factors (age, BMI) and psychological factors (fear and avoidance beliefs over physical activity (FABQ‐PA) and work (FABQ‐Work), anxiety and depression) to LL‐AL was explored using a regression analysis.ResultsOnly low correlations were found between ankle pain intensity and structure (IPSG‐MRI, HEAD‐US). PPTA was unrelated to structure. Altogether, HJHS, overall pain (BPI‐PS), FABQ‐Work and age explained 69% of HAL‐LOWCOM variance, with 65% explained by the combination of HJHS and BPI‐PS.ConclusionNo meaningful associations were found between ankle pain and structural damage, suggesting that other factors may contribute to PwH's ankle pain. In contrast, mainly haemophilia‐related factors explained LL‐AL variance.
Quantification of bioactive components and evaluation of microbial community and antibacterial activity from Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami honeys
Authors: Wu Jiao , Han Bingjun , Chen Xiaoyu , Gao Jinglin , Zhao Shan , Sun Liping , Wang Shijie 
Published: January 2023

SummaryStingless bee honey is a precious food product with therapeutic benefits. In this study, we determined the quality of Malaysian stingless bee honeys (Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami) by the physicochemical characteristics, phenolic compounds, and organic acids. Our results revealed that the major phenolic compounds in all honey samples were chlorogenic acid and myricetin, and the major organic acids contained gluconic acid and trans‐cinnamic acid. The microbial community in honeys characterised using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques showed that Lactobacillus was assumed to be the predominant bacterium in stingless bee honeys. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of honeys was examined in order to further demonstrate their health benefits. Our results are intended to pave the road for stingless bee honeys' probiotic capacity to be extended into our daily life.
DOAC‐stop can remove direct oral anticoagulants and allow analysis by global coagulation assays
Authors: Wang Julie , Lim Hui Yin , Nandurkar Harshal , Ho Prahlad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionActivated charcoal based compounds such as DOAC‐stop™ (DS) have been developed to remove direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) interference in‐vitro. However, few studies have used this approach with global coagulation assays (GCAs), such as thrombin generation assays, which are sensitive to the effect of DOACs.MethodsThrombin generation with and without thrombomodulin (TM) via the automated ST‐Genesia system, and the overall haemostatic potential (OHP) assay, a spectrophotometric fibrin generation assay in which fibrin formation (triggered by small amounts of thrombin (overall coagulation potential, OCP)) and fibrinolysis (by the addition of thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator) were measured on (i) pooled normal plasma (PNP) spiked with varying amounts of rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran, and (ii) platelet poor plasma (PPP) from 21 non‐anticoagulated adults, before and after DS addition.ResultsFollowing the addition of DS to spiked PNP without thrombomodulin, thrombin and velocity index increased by 21.9% and 42.6%, respectively, while ETP increased by 6.93%. A decrease in OCP (−10.6%) and OHP (−12.7%) was observed following DS. Similar changes were seen post‐DS to plasma from non‐anticoagulated patients. Also in this group, pre‐ and post‐DS thrombin generation parameters showed high correlation, with the strongest observed for ETP (R2 = 0.94). There was a strong correlation for OHP parameters, with the closest seen with OCP (R2 = 0.96) and OHP (R2 = 0.95).ConclusionDS causes some changes to the ETP and OHP assay, however, strong correlations were seen pre‐ and post‐DS in all GCA parameters. These findings support the use of DS to facilitate GCA testing in anticoagulated individuals for evaluation of the underlying thrombotic state.
Major technological advances will enhance Australian donor‐recipient matching and improve transplant outcomes
Authors: Hiho Steven , Levvey Bronwyn , Holdsworth Rhonda , Sullivan Lucy , Westall Glen , Snell Greg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent times, numerous and significant technological and supportive changes have taken place in Australian transplantation. These changes are often deployed without the wider clinical community having a full understanding of what has brought about these changes and the impacts they have. Here, we aim to clarify the reasoning behind these changes and shed light on potential future endeavours to improve patient outcomes.
Progressive taxation and optimal monetary policy in a two‐country new Keynesian model
Authors: Ida Daisuke , Kaminoyama Kenichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of tax progressivity on optimal monetary policy in a two‐country new Keynesian model. We first address the issue that coefficients in both structural equations and the central bank's loss function are crucially affected by a change in tax progressivity in both countries. Second, we show that a change in tax progressivity significantly affects the properties of international monetary policy transmission. Third, we demonstrate that the impact of tax progressivity on international monetary policy transmission depends on the value of the constant relative risk‐aversion coefficients.
Comparative impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on work and employment—Why industrial relations institutions matter
Authors: Dobbins Tony , Johnstone Stewart , Kahancová Marta , Lamare J. Ryan , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis introduction assesses the international impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on work and employment. It outlines conceptually why industrial relations institutions matter for shaping policy choices across different countries. This includes countries in the Global South that are not covered by conventional varieties of capitalism theories. An important focus is what IR institutions and policies played a protective role in the decommodification of labor during the pandemic, notably short‐time working (furlough) schemes, tripartite cooperative pacts, works councils, collective bargaining, and active labor market policies. IR institutions continue to matter, and the contributions in this Special Issue can inform future research.
THE SCARBROUGH REPORT AND THE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Bowra C. M. 
Published: January 2023

Note. The Report of the Interdepartmental Commission of Inquiry on Oriental, Slavonic, East European and African Studies“ (H.M.S.O. 2s. 0d.) of which Lord Scarbrough was chairman, appeared in April and could only be briefly referred to in the May number of the Universities Quarterly. The following article discusses the very important implications of this Report on the universities at greater length.The main recommendations of the Commission were accepted by the Government during a debate initiated by Lord Hailey in the House of Lords on June 25th. A revenue grant of £125,000 will be given to the universities for the year 1947‐8 and £10,000 for post‐graduate studentships; the question of the oriental centre in London is to be considered by a working‐party, and in addition to the two sub‐committees of the UGC mentioned on page 326 an interdepartmental committee will co‐ordinate the interests of the various government departments concerned.
Blended diet for enteral tube feeding in young people: A systematic review of the benefits and complications
Authors: McCormack Siobhan , Patel Kamal , Smith Chris 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundInterest and use of blended diets (BD) for young people who are tube fed has significantly increased in the last decade, driven primarily by the desires of motivated caregivers. This review identified, appraised and synthesised the available evidence on the benefits and complications of BD versus commercial feeds.MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidance and registered with PROSPERO was conducted across PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane up to August 2022. Inclusion criteria: English language studies including (1) children, (2) original research (interventional and observational) and (3) examination of BD outcomes. Exclusion criteria were (1) unoriginal research or case reports, (2) focus on feeding management, preparations or attitudes and (3) comparing commercial blends only. Data were synthesised using an established narrative synthesis approach using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsEight hundred and six database results were identified and 61 were sought for retrieval. A full‐text article review revealed seven eligible studies, involving 267 participants (age range 9 months to 26 years). Studies reported differences in gastrointestinal symptoms (n = 222), medication use (n = 119), growth (n = 189) and complications or adverse events (n = 91). The results indicate positive outcomes, particularly in gastrointestinal symptom control, with few reports of mild adverse events in the included studies.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of data in this area and much heterogeneity in the included studies, but the available literature points towards positive outcomes. This is an important and highly relevant topic, and more primary research, ideally using standardised reporting, is required to answer the key questions.
A New Approach to Estimating the Natural Rate of Interest
Authors: BENATI LUCA 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBuilding upon the insight that M1 velocity is the permanent component of nominal interest rates—see Benati (2020)—I propose a novel, and straightforward approach to estimating the natural rate of interest, which is conceptually related to Cochrane's (1994a) proposal to estimate the permanent component of Gross National Product (GNP) by exploiting the informational content of consumption. Under monetary regimes (such as inflation‐targeting) making inflation I(0), the easiest way to implement the proposed approach is to (i) project the monetary policy rate onto M1 velocity—thus obtaining an estimate of thenominalnatural rate—and then () subtract from this inflation's sample average (or target), thus obtaining therealnatural rate. More complex implementations based on structural vector autoregressions (VARs) produce very similar estimates. Compared to existing approaches, the one proposed herein presents two key advantages: (i) under regimes making inflation I(0), M1 velocity is equal, up to a linear transformation, to the real natural rate, so that the natural rate is, in fact,observed; and (ii) based on a high‐frequency estimate of nominal GDP, the natural rate can be computed at the monthly or even weekly frequency. In the U.S., Euro area, and Canada, the natural rate dropped sharply in the months following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Likewise, the 1929 stock market crash was followed in the U.S. by a dramatic decrease in the natural rate.
Political constitutionalism and populism
Authors: BELLAMY RICHARD 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCriticisms of political constitutionalism's relationship to populism point in two opposed directions. Legal constitutionalists consider it too open to, and even as legitimating, populist politics, whereas radical democrats consider it too closed to popular participation, prompting an anti‐system politics of a populist character. I dispute both these views. Underlying these contrasting assessments are differing conceptions of populism and constitutionalism. This article distinguishes right‐ from left‐wing populism, and limited government from non‐arbitrary rule, as constitutional ideals. Legal constitutionalism typically embraces the first ideal. However, that can be a driver of both right‐ and left‐wing populism, and allow types of arbitrary rule that democratic backsliding and illiberal regimes can (and do) exploit. By contrast, political constitutionalism involves the second ideal and is antithetical to right‐wing populism while potentially friendly to the legitimate demands of left‐wing populism. Nevertheless, the practical reality of political constitutionalism in the United Kingdom (and elsewhere) often falls short of its ideal theoretical potential. Addressing these shortcomings, however, requires strengthening democracy rather than the legal constitution, not least through electoral reform.