bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytophthora RxLR effector PcSnel4B promotes degradation of resistance protein AtRPS2
Authors: Gao Huhu , Guo Yuchen , Ren Mengyuan , Tang Lijun , Gao Wenxin , Tian Song , Shao Guangda , Peng Qin , Gu Biao , Miao Jianqiang , Liu Xili 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phytophthora capsici deploys effector proteins to manipulate host immunity and facilitate its colonization. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that a Sne-like (Snel) RxLR effector gene PcSnel4 is highly expressed at the early stages of P. capsici infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Knocking out both alleles of PcSnel4 attenuated the virulence of P. capsici, while expression of PcSnel4 promoted its colonization in N. benthamiana. PcSnel4B could suppress the hypersensitive reaction (HR) induced by Avr3a-R3a and RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 2 (AtRPS2), but it did not suppress cell death elicited by Phytophthora infestin 1 (INF1) and Crinkler 4 (CRN4). COP9 signalosome 5 (CSN5) in N. benthamiana was identified as a host target of PcSnel4. Silencing NbCSN5 compromised the cell death induced by AtRPS2. PcSnel4B impaired the interaction and colocalization of Cullin1 (CUL1) and CSN5 in vivo. Expression of AtCUL1 promoted the degradation of AtRPS2 and disrupted HR, while AtCSN5a stabilized AtRPS2 and promoted HR, regardless of the expression of AtCUL1. PcSnel4 counteracted the effect of AtCSN5 and enhanced the degradation of AtRPS2, resulting in HR suppression. This study deciphered the underlying mechanism of PcSnel4-mediated suppression of HR induced by AtRPS2.
First contact: Fine structure of the impact flash and ejecta during hypervelocity impact
Authors: Simpson Gary , Moreno Justin , Shaeffer Matthew , Ramesh K T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hypervelocity impacts are a significant threat in low-earth orbit and in hypersonic flight applications. The earliest observable phenomena and mechanisms activated under these extreme conditions are typically obscured by a very bright flash, called the impact flash, that contains the signatures of the critical mechanisms, the impacting materials, and the impact environment. However, these signatures have been very difficult to observe because of the small length and time scales involved coupled with the high intensities associated with the flash. Here we perform experiments investigating the structure and characteristics of the impact flash generated by 3 km s−1 spherical projectile impacts on structural metals using temporally co-registered high-resolution diagnostics. Reciprocal impact configurations, in which the projectile and target material are swapped, are used to demonstrate the coupling of early-stage mechanisms in the flash and later-stage ejection mechanisms responsible for the development of the impact crater.
Advocacy efforts of the Society of Behavioral Medicine: a 6-year update
Authors: Buscemi Joanna , Figueroa Roger , Bell Brooke M , Dulin Akilah , Shen Megan , Schneider Kristin L , Pagoto Sherry , Fitzgibbon Marian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Six years ago, we published a paper describing the Society of Behavioral Medicine’s (SBM) health policy organizational leadership structure and policy initiatives. The purpose of the current paper is to provide an update on changes in the infrastructure and new policy initiatives that have been developed since 2017. We review each of the policy leadership arms of SBM including details of the work of each and goals for the future. The SBM engages in several health policy advocacy efforts through their Advocacy Council and Position Statements Committee. The Advocacy Council launched the Health Policy Ambassador Program in 2020. The Ambassador Program serves to train members to develop longer-term relationships with legislative staff around key policy priority areas. The Position Statements Committee is responsible for overseeing the development and dissemination of health policy position statements. Both groups work together and with partner organizations to increase the impact of our science. Over the last 6 years, developing a stronger infrastructure and implementing metrics for progress such as tracking social media engagement has helped to move SBM’s policy agenda forward. The work of the policy-related leadership teams can serve as a model for other organizations who are interested in further developing their policy advocacy efforts.
The Sw-5b NLR Immune Receptor Induces Early Transcriptional Changes in Response to Thrips and Mechanical Modes of Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus
Authors: Ordaz Norma A. , Nagalakshmi Ugrappa , Boiteux Leonardo S. , Atamian Hagop S. , Ullman Diane E. , Dinesh-Kumar Savithramma P. 
Published: July 2023

The NLR (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat) class immune receptor Sw-5b confers resistance to Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV). Although Sw-5b is known to activate immunity upon recognition of the TSWV movement protein NSm, we know very little about the downstream events that lead to resistance. Here, we investigated the Sw-5b–mediated early transcriptomic changes that occur in response to mechanical and thrips-mediated inoculation of TSWV, using near-isogenic tomato lines CNPH-LAM 147 ( Sw5b+/+) and Santa Clara ( Sw-5b−/−). We observed earlier Sw-5b–mediated transcriptional changes in response to thrips-mediated inoculation compared with that in response to mechanical inoculation of TSWV. With thrips-mediated inoculation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 12, 24, and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Whereas with mechanical inoculation, DEGs were observed only at 72 hpi. Although some DEGs were shared between the two methods of inoculation, many DEGs were specific to either thrips-mediated or mechanical inoculation of TSWV. In response to thrips-mediated inoculation, an NLR immune receptor, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, G-type lectin S-receptor-like kinases, the ethylene response factor 1, and the calmodulin-binding protein 60 were induced. Fatty acid desaturase 2-9, cell death genes, DCL2b, RIPK/PBL14-like, ERF017, and WRKY75 were differentially expressed in response to mechanical inoculation. Our findings reveal Sw-5b responses specific to the method of TSWV inoculation. Although TSWV is transmitted in nature primarily by the thrips, Sw-5b responses to thrips inoculation have not been previously studied. Therefore, the DEGs we have identified in response to thrips-mediated inoculation provide a new foundation for understanding the mechanistic roles of these genes in the Sw-5b–mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Loss of PWT7, Located on a Supernumerary Chromosome, Is Associated with Parasitic Specialization of Pyricularia oryzae on Wheat
Authors: Asuke Soichiro , Horie Akiko , Komatsu Kaori , Mori Ryota , Vy Trinh Thi Phuong , Inoue Yoshihiro , Jiang Yushan , Tatematsu Yuna , Shimizu Motoki , Tosa Yukio 
Published: July 2023

Pyricularia oryzae, a blast fungus of gramineous plants, is composed of various host genus–specific pathotypes. The avirulence of an Avena isolate on wheat is conditioned by PWT3 and PWT4. We isolated the third avirulence gene from the Avena isolate and designated it as PWT7. PWT7 was effective as an avirulence gene only at the seedling stage or on leaves. PWT7 homologs were widely distributed in a subpopulation of the Eleusine pathotype and the Lolium pathotype but completely absent in the Triticum pathotype (the wheat blast fungus). The PWT7 homolog found in the Eleusine pathotype was one of the five genes involved in its avirulence on wheat. A comparative analysis of distribution of PWT7 and the other two genes previously identified in the Eleusine pathotype suggested that, in the course of parasitic specialization toward the wheat blast fungus, a common ancestor of the Eleusine, Lolium, Avena, and Triticum pathotypes first lost PWT6, secondly PWT7, and, finally, the function of PWT3. PWT7 or its homologs were located on core chromosomes in Setaria and Eleusine isolates but on supernumerary chromosomes in Lolium and Avena isolates. This is an example of interchromosomal translocations of effector genes between core and supernumerary chromosomes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Foam Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Hemangiomas and Venous Malformations
Authors: Yang Chenzi , Li Ming , Li Xin , Zhu Jieting , Shu Chang 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
Sclerotherapy has achieved great success in treating most venous malformation (VM) lesions.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of foam sclerotherapy on infantile hemangioma and pyogenic granuloma (PG). In addition, we analyzed the data and outcomes of foam sclerotherapy for the VM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-nine patients with hemangiomas and 83 patients with VMs were treated, and clinical outcomes, resolution, and complication rates were compared. Sclerotherapy data from the VM group were also analyzed.

RESULTS
The average age of the patients and the distribution and tissue involvement of lesions among the 3 groups were significantly different (p < .001). The average amount of sclerosing foam administered per session in VMs was significantly higher than that in the other 2 groups (p < .0001) (whereas that in the PG group was lower than that in the infantile hemangioma group [p < .0001]). However, the overall therapeutic efficacy and side effects in the 3 groups were not significantly different. For VMs, the frequency of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy and use of 3% polidocanol increased from superficial to deep lesions, whereas the use of 1% POL decreased (p < .0001).

CONCLUSION
Infantile hemangioma and PG treatments presented good results and minor adverse reactions comparable with those of VMs.
Evaluation of paravascular inner retinal defects using en face OCT
Authors: Romero-Morales Veronica A , Bousquet Elodie , Abraham Neda , Santina Ahmad , Somisetty Swathi , Peiris Timothy , Lu Anthony , Levin Meira Fogel , Sarraf David 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for development of paravascular inner retinal defects (PIRD) using en face OCT.

Methods:
Retrospective cross-sectional study. En face and cross-sectional OCT images were reviewed (9x9 mm or 12x12 mm). PIRD were classified as either grade 1 (i.e. paravascular inner retinal cysts) when the lesion was confined within the nerve fiber layer without any communication to the vitreous cavity or grade 2 (i.e. paravascular lamellar hole) when the defects communicated to the vitreous. PIRD grading was correlated with presence of high myopia, stage of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), and presence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and retinoschisis.

Results:
Of 1074 patients (2148 eyes), PIRD were detected in 261 eyes with a prevalence of 261 per 2148 eyes (12.2%) and 176 per 1074 patients (16.4%). A total of 116 eyes (44.4%) displayed grade 2 PIRD while 145 eyes (55.6%) were grade 1. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the presence of partial/complete PVD, retinoschisis and ERM were significantly correlated with PIRD (OR=2.78 [1.7-4.4], p<0.001; OR=2.93 [1.7-5], p< 0.001 and OR=25.9 [2.8-242.5], p<0.001 respectively). The presence of partial/complete PVD and ERM were also significantly associated with grade 2 PIRD versus grade 1 PIRD (p=0.03 and p< 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that wide field en face OCT facilitates the identification of PIRD over a large area of retina with a single capture. The presence of PIRD was significantly associated with PVD, ERM and retinoschisis, confirming the role of vitreoretinal traction in the pathogenesis of PIRD.
Association Between Indication for Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty and Rural Residency
Authors: Pollmann André S. , Pinto Ashlyn M. , Cadieux Danielle , Seamone Christopher D. , George Stanley P. , Smith Corey A. , Lewis Darrell R. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
Residing in rural locations can be a barrier to health care access. This study investigated the impact of residing in rural and small town (RST) areas on Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) indications and outcomes in Atlantic Canada.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort analysis examined consecutive DSAEKs performed in Nova Scotia between 2017 and 2020. Patient rurality was determined by the Statistical Area Classification system developed by Statistics Canada. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess for factors associated with DSAEK indication, including repeat keratoplasty, RST residence status, and travel time.

Results:
Of 271 DSAEKs during the study period, 87 (32.1%) were performed on the eyes of RST residents. The median postoperative follow-up time was 1.6 years. Undergoing DSAEK for a previous failed keratoplasty was not associated with a higher odds of RST residency (odds ratio [OR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–1.16; P = 0.13) but was associated with travel time (OR, 0.78 for each increasing hour of travel; 95% CI, 0.61–0.99; P = 0.044). RST residency was not associated with the occurrence of graft failure (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.17–1.17; P = 0.13).

Conclusions:
Residing in a rural area in Atlantic Canada was not associated with DSAEK graft failure. Repeat endothelial keratoplasty was associated with shorter travel time for corneal surgery but not rural residency status. Further research in this field could inform regional health strategies aimed at improving equity and accessibility to ophthalmology subspecialist care.
The impact of the social context on the development of secondary hyperalgesia: an experimental study
Authors: Jaltare Ketan Prafull , Vanderijst Laetitia , Karos Kai , Torta Diana M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social support has been shown to reduce pain ratings and physiological responses to acute pain stimuli. Furthermore, this relationship is moderated by adult attachment styles. However, these effects have not been characterized in experimentally induced symptoms of chronic pain, such as secondary hyperalgesia (SH) which is characterized by an increased sensitivity of the skin surrounding an injury. We aimed to examine whether social support by handholding from a romantic partner can attenuate the development of experimentally induced SH. Thirty-seven women, along with their partners, participated in 2 experimental sessions 1 week apart. In both sessions, SH was induced using an electrical stimulation protocol. In the support condition, the partner was seated across from the participant holding the participant's hand during the electrical stimulation, whereas in the alone condition, the participant went through the stimulation alone. Heart rate variability was measured for both the participant as well as the partner before, during, and after the stimulation. We found that the width of the area of hyperalgesia was significantly smaller in the support condition. Attachment styles did not moderate this effect of social support on the area width. Increasing attachment avoidance was associated with both a smaller width of hyperalgesia and a smaller increase in the sensitivity on the stimulated arm. For the first time, we show that social support can attenuate the development of secondary hyperalgesia and that attachment avoidance may be associated with an attenuated development of secondary hyperalgesia.
Analysis of a Division I Sports Medicine Program's COVID-19 Protocol: Identifying Factors that Predict Testing Demands and Positive Rates During a Pandemic
Authors: Stickler Kasey , Morrone Blass , Brown Andrew , Franks Adam M. , Johnson Paris , Lacmichanne Rajan , Rupp David 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine factors indicating testing frequency and positive test results in a Division I sports department intrapandemic.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
A single Division I collegiate sports department.

Patients:
All student-athlete (n = 437), student staff (n = 89), and adult staff (n = 202) members of the sports department. Total cohort (n = 728).

Interventions:
The authors analyzed the independent variables of local positive rates, sport characteristics, and campus events for impact on the volume of the departmental testing and positive rates.

Main Outcome Measures:
Measured dependent variables of the volume of departmental testing and positive rates were analyzed.

Results:
Positive predictive rates (PPRs) largely differed from local, off-campus rates in timing and duration (59.52%: P < 0.05). Overall, 20633 tests were administered with 201 positive results (0.97% PPR). Student-athlete numbers were highest in all categories, followed by adult then student staff. Greater proportions of contact sports became positive (53.03%: P < 0.001) and all-male sports (47.69%: P < 0.001). No comparative difference was seen for teams using fomites (19.15%: P = 0.403). Spring sports teams had the lowest percentage of the team positive (22.22%: P < 0.001). Winter sports had the highest PPR (1.15%), all occurring during team-controlled activities. Playing sports indoors did not increase inside team-controlled activity positive rates (P = 0.066).

Conclusions:
Longitudinal changes in local, off-campus infection rates partially affected sports departmental positive results while testing rates were more influenced by sport and university schedule. Testing resources should be directed toward high-risk sports, which included contact sports (football, basketball, and soccer), all-male teams, both Winter and indoor sports inside team-controlled activities, and sports with long periods of time outside team-controlled activities.
Social Cognition and Functioning in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Uğurpala Can , Tükel Raşit , Ziylan Ege Çağın , Ertekin Erhan , Berberoğlu Ertuğ 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In recent years, social cognition and one of its dimensions, the theory of mind, have been more commonly investigated in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, SAD, ADHD, comorbid SAD-ADHD, and healthy control (HC) groups, each consisting of 30 participants, were included and compared in terms of social cognition and functionality. Mean global functioning assessment scores were found to be significantly higher in the HC group compared with the other three groups and in the ADHD group compared with the SAD and SAD-ADHD groups. Mean Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index total scores were found to be significantly higher in the HC group compared with the other three groups and in the SAD and SAD-ADHD groups compared with the ADHD group. These findings suggest that SAD patients with or without ADHD show better social cognition but worse functioning compared with pure ADHD patients.
Sociodemographic and Behavioral Predictors of Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis among Sexual Health Clinic Patients in New York City from 2014-2018
Authors: Davis Alissa , Crawley Addie , Ashmore Mary , Landers Sara E. , Pathela Preeti 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and recurrence is common. We examined factors associated with BV recurrence using electronic medical record data for patients attending New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene sexual health clinics (SHCs) from 2014-2018.

Methods
Clinician-diagnosed BV was defined using a clinical BV diagnosis code based on Amsel criteria. Recurrent BV was defined as any BV diagnosis occurring more than 30 days following the previous diagnosis. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for the relationship between potential risk factors and recurrent BV were estimated using conditional gap-time models.

Results
The dataset contained 14,858 patients with at least one BV diagnosis. Of these, 46.3% (n = 6,882) had at least one follow-up visit to an SHC between January 2014 and December 2018. Of those with a follow-up visit, 53.9% (n = 3,707) had ≥1 recurrent BV episode, with 33.7% (n = 2,317) experiencing recurrence within 3 months. In the multivariable model, using a hormonal IUD (AHR: 1.31; 95% CI [1.14-1.49]) or copper IUD (AHR: 1.17; 95% CI [1.01-1.37]), having a history of trichomonas (AHR: 1.23; 95% CI [1.12-1.36]), and being non-Hispanic Black (AHR: 1.11; 95% CI [1.04-1.18]) were associated with higher risk for BV recurrence, while using non-IUD hormonal contraception was associated with reduced risk (AHR: 0.88; 95% CI [0.80-0.98]).

Conclusions
Risk of BV recurrence was increased among patients using an IUD, while it was reduced in patients using non-IUD hormonal contraception.
The association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and HPV vaccination coverage in U.S. young adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Shengruo , Richardson Barbra A. , Lin John , Winer Rachel L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Access to preventive healthcare services, including HPV vaccinations, may mitigate the impact of ACEs on adverse health outcomes. Our objective was to assess associations between ACEs and HPV vaccination coverage among young adults.

Methods
We included 3415 18–29-year-old respondents to the 2019-2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) ACE and HPV vaccination modules. ACEs included emotional, physical and sexual abuse; household intimate partner violence, substance abuse, mental illness; and parental separation/divorce and incarcerated household member. We used log-binomial regression models to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals for associations between ACEs and self-reported HPV vaccination and completion. Secondary outcomes included influenza vaccination uptake, time since routine checkup, HIV testing history, and HIV-related risk behavior.

Results
Several ACEs were positively associated with HPV vaccine initiation, including emotional abuse (PR:1.29, 95%CI:1.17-1.43), intimate partner violence (PR:1.14, 95%CI:1.00-1.30), substance abuse (PR:1.20, 95%CI:1.08-1.33), and mental illness (PR:1.35, 95%CI:1.22-1.50). Similar associations were observed for completion. Conversely, most ACEs were negatively associated with influenza vaccination (PRs from 0.72-1.00), and with recent checkup (PRs from 0.92-1.00). ACEs were positively associated with having had an HIV test (PRs from 1.19-1.56) and HIV-related risk behavior (PRs from 1.19-2.07).

Conclusions
The unexpected positive associations between ACEs and HPV vaccination coverage could be due to opportunities to receive HPV vaccination in late adolescence or early adulthood while accessing STI/HIV prevention or treatment services. Future studies should evaluate associations between ACEs and timely HPV vaccination in early adolescence.