bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescribed‐Time Optimal Formation Synchronous Tracking Control of UAV‐Ugvs Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xiong Shi‐Xun , Jiang Guo‐Ping , Zhu Yun‐Xia , He Xiao‐Ming , Chen Shu‐Han 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the issue of prescribed‐time optimal formation synchronous tracking control of nonlinear unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) systems. Based on a novel constructed second‐order nonlinear UAV‐UGV swarm case, the reinforcement learning (RL) method is introduced to obtain the optimal control scheme, and a gradient descent method with a simple positive function for the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation is improved to establish the adaptive actor and critic networks and solve the iterate adaptive laws, which allows adaptive parameters to be trained more thoroughly. Integrating the prescribed‐time constraints of formation tasks, the incorporation of traditional prescribed‐time functions can result in structural modifications within the RL framework and state coupling, thereby increasing the complexity of control strategy design. Hence, the prescribed‐time functions are designed in the critic and actor networks, which address the state coupling and optimize the acquisition of adaptive parameters under the gradient descent method. Then, by employing the aforementioned methods, an optimal synchronous control scheme is proposed to address nonlinear UAV‐UGV time‐varying formation tracking at a settling time, and a pivotal scaling technique is used for formation stability analysis. Finally, simulation and experiment results are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Advances in the Synthesis of Isoquinolines Using an Alkyne Coupling Partner via Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C─H Activation
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sushobhan , Gupta Sampa , Guadagnoli Nicholas , McCurdy Christopher R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIsoquinoline is a privileged structural motif and has extensive applications in asymmetric catalysis, photochemistry, and pharmaceutical use. Naturally, isoquinoline is a popular synthetic target for many research groups worldwide, who, as a result, have developed numerous methodologies to afford a wide variety of derivatives. The synthesis of isoquinoline in recent years has flourished, employing C─H activation strategies using various transition metal catalysts: rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co). To summarize this diverse area of study, this review comprehensively assimilates the literature where isoquinolines are synthesized using alkynes (both internal and terminal) as coupling partners. Wherever possible, the mechanistic details associated with the reported reactions are provided.
Bimetallic Selenide NiCo‐Se/CFP as Effective Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Yajie , Wang Mengwei , Zhang Cong , Jia Kelun , Niu Fengjiao , Wang Ke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe industrial application of green hydrogen production from water electrolysis strongly depends on the invention of low‐cost, highly‐active, and stable nonprecious electrocatalysts for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a two‐step process is developed to prepare a NiCo‐Se/CFP bimetallic electrocatalyst by a low‐temperature selenization of NiCo‐PBA precursors electro‐deposited on carbon fibre paper. The NiCo‐Se/CFP bimetallic electrocatalyst exhibits good catalytic activity for the OER, with an overpotential of 307 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of only 39.94 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH. The steady current density and well‐preserved microscopic morphology during the 20 h electrolysis proves its outstanding stability. The high inherent activity of the electrocatalyst is attributed to the 3D porous structure, the synergistic effects of Ni, and Co active components doping, and low‐temperature selenization. The results provide an insightful reference for further improving composition and structure design while investigating nonprecious metal electrocatalysts.
Metamorphic Proteins to Achieve Conformationally Selective Material Surface Binding
Authors: Meerbott Kyle B. , Monhemi Hassan , Travaglini Lorenzo , Sawicki Artur , Ramamurthy Sakthirupini , Slocik Joseph M. , Dennis Patrick B. , Glover Dominic J. , Walsh Tiffany R. , Knecht Marc R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe controlled binding of proteins on nanoparticle surfaces remains a grand challenge required for many applications ranging from biomedical to energy storage. The difficulty in achieving this ability arises from the different functional groups of the biomolecule that can adsorb on the nanoparticle surface. While most proteins can only adopt a single structure, metamorphic proteins can access at least two different conformations, which presents intriguing opportunities to exploit such structural variations for binding to nanoparticles. Such effects are examined using calmodulin, a sensing messenger protein, that can adopt two conformations based on Ca2+ binding. The affinity of the apo and holo forms of the protein for Au is examined using a highly integrated set of experimental and computation studies, which demonstrated significantly enhanced binding for the holo protein as compared to the apo. Such effects are proposed to arise from changes in the protein structure, which lead to substantially varied biomolecular surfaces that facilitate both Au adsorption and protein‐protein assembly once adsorbed. Such studies provide critical information for protein structural design to control nanoparticle adsorption for wide‐ranging applications.
Role of Mesoporosity in Hard Carbon Anodes for High‐Energy and Stable Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Jung SungHoon , Min JiWon , Choi Hyeongjun , Mapari Mitesh , Chougale Mahesh , Dubal Deepak P. , Kim TaeYoung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHerein, NaCl‐templated mesoporous hard carbons (NMCs) have been designed and engineered with tunable surface properties as anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) and hybrid capacitors (KICs). By utilizing “water‐in‐oil” emulsions, the size of NaCl templates is precisely modified, leading to smaller particles that enable the formation of primary carbon structures with reduced particle size and secondary structures with 3D interconnected mesoporosity. These features significantly enhance electrode density, reduce particle‐to‐particle resistance, and improve electrolyte wettability. The resulting NMC delivers high gravimetric and volumetric capacities of 323.5 mAh g−1 and 142.3 mAh cm−3, respectively, with outstanding cycling stability, retaining 292.7 mAh g−1 after 620 cycles. Full‐cell evaluations demonstrate the potential of NMC‐based anodes paired with KIB (Prussian blue cathode) and KIC (activated carbon‐cathode), achieving a capacity of 109.4 mAh g−1 and capacitance of 254.6 F g−1, respectively. As a KIB, the cell delivers a high average voltage of 3.4 V, resulting in a specific energy of 256 Wh kg−1, while KIC reaches 141.4 Wh kg−1 and high specific power of 58.6 kW kg−1. These results underscore the importance of morphological features and porosity in enhancing the electrochemical performance of materials, providing insights for future energy storage solutions.
Controlled Delivery of MTX from Thermosensitive Hydrogels Using Au Nanorods for Enhanced Therapeutics of Psoriasis via Improving Stratum Corneum Penetration
Authors: Chen Hao , Xu Jiangmei , Jiang Yongxin , Sun Jiangwei , Zheng Wang , Qian Haisheng , Sun Jianan , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTopical transdermal drug delivery for psoriasis remains a challenge because of the poor solubility of hydrophobic drugs and the limited penetration of the stratum corneum. In this study, a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive thermosensitive hydrogel (PDLLA‐PEG‐PDLLA, PLEL)‐based drug reservoir is developed that directly incorporated gold nanorods (GNRs) and methotrexate (MTX) in the sol state at low temperature, which is referred to as PLEL@GNR+MTX. The in vitro anti‐psoriasis experiment indicated that, GNRs, as photothermal cores of composite hydrogel, not only triggered keratinocyte apoptosis but also promoted MTX release in a synergistic manner. Moreover, the rapid phase transition enhanced the penetration of the hydrogel formulation through the stratum corneum upon NIR light irradiation and prolonged skin retention after returning to a gel state in a psoriasis mouse model. Compared with commercial ointment treatments, the PLEL@GNR+MTX hydrogel have similar efficacy in psoriatic lesion resolution but without skin wrinkling. The prepared hydrogel featured excellent biocompatibility and the accumulation of GNRs in healthy organs and skin tissues is negligible. Overall, the light‐activatable hydrogel‐based platform can utilize NIR as a “trigger switch” to release MTX more precisely, improve bioavailability, and facilitate permeation across the skin barrier during reversible phase‐change processes.
Visual Location of Oxygen Vacancies on Bismuth Titanate Nanosheets with Periodic Quantum Well and Promoting H2O2 Photosynthesis
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Zhan Zhen , Guo Liping , Li Zhenzi , Cai Songhua , Wang Xuepeng , Li Mingxia , Xie Ying , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOxygen vacancy (OV) defect engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. However, the direct visual characterization of oxygen vacancies still remains technically limited. Herein, a bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12, BTO‐OV) model photocatalyst containing oxygen vacancies is constructed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the influence mechanism of distinctive periodic quantum well and oxygen vacancies on the charge transfer behavior in BTO. Notably, the distribution of oxygen vacancies is directly observed using the low‐dose integrated differential phase contrast‐scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC‐STEM), providing visual evidence for the location of these oxygen vacancies in BTO‐OV. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation results are verified by characterizing the photoelectric properties and conducting performance tests on the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis. Specifically, the oxygen vacancies and distinctive periodic quantum well in BTO‐OV accelerate charge separation, leading to a H2O2 photosynthesis efficiency reaching 5278 µm g−1 h−1, which is 5 times that of the original BTO. This work offers theoretical and experimental references for the visual characterization of oxygen vacancies and the improvement of the charge transfer mechanism.
Tailoring a High Loading Atomic Zinc with Weak Binding to Sodium Toward High‐Energy Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Si , Chen Xudong , Patrun David , Zheng Lituo , Wang Lili , Wen Zhenhai , Mathur Sanjay , Hong Zhensheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSingle‐atom materials provide a platform to precisely regulate the electrochemical redox behavior of electrode materials with atomic level. Here, a multifield‐regulated sintering route is reported to rapidly prepare single‐atom zinc with a very high loading mass of 24.7 wt.% by significantly improved diffusion kinetics and stronger charge transfer between zinc and nitrogen atoms. X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra for Zn K‐edges during the charge and discharge process verify the stable single‐atom zinc structure and the reversible slight reduction and oxidation of Zn sites, which is much different from the previous report of the alloying reaction process. This result suggests atomic Zn acts as an active sites through weak binding with sodium to regulate the Na ion fluxes. Finally, Cu foil coated with a ≈2 µm layer of such material exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.99% up to 1700 cycles at 1 mA h cm−2. An ultra‐low overpotential of 3 mV and an unprecedented life span of over 3200 h in a symmetrical cell is achieved. Due to the very thin coating layer, anode‐free sodium battery fabricated by Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode displays a prominent energy density of 320 Wh Kg−1, demonstrating strong potential in practical application.
Enhancing Literature Quality Assessment Skill in Novice Researchers: A Collaborative Card‐Based Learning Approach
Authors: Yasin Affan , Fatima Rubia , Puspitasari Ira , JiangBin Zheng , Li Zhi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAssessing the quality and credibility of research is crucial across disciplines. However, training early career scholars in systematic quality appraisal poses challenges. The rise of online grey literature increases the need for nuanced evaluation capabilities. This study aims to impart basic literature quality assessment knowledge in early career software engineering researchers using an interactive card‐based learning activity. The PRISMA abstract quality checklist was adapted into a physical card deck. Sixteen novice researchers participated in a session using the cards to collaborate, discuss, and analyze a sample review paper abstract based on structured criteria. Quantitative feedback was gathered. Survey results indicated the card activity positively enhanced perceived understanding of quality principles, engagement, and assessment skills. Open‐ended feedback highlighted cards improved focus, interactivity, and peer exchanges. This preliminary study provides encouraging evidence that a customized card‐based approach can effectively instill foundational skills for assessing abstract quality while increasing motivation and enjoyment. Further research should evaluate long‐term retention and optimal instructional design parameters.
Imaging Bias‐Driven Domain Wall Motion With Scanning Oscillator Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Authors: Raghuraman Shivaranjan , Vasudevan Rama K. , Yang Jan‐Chi , Kelley Kyle P. , Domingo Neus , Jesse Stephen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding ferroelectric domain wall dynamics at the nanoscale across a broad range of timescales requires measuring domain wall position under different applied electric fields. The success of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as a tool to apply local electric fields at different positions and imaging their changing position, together with the information obtained from associated switching spectroscopies has fueled numerous studies of the dynamics of ferroelectric domains to determine the impact of intrinsic parameters such as crystalline order, defects and pinning centers, as well as boundary conditions such as environment. However, the investigation of sub‐coercive reversible domain wall vibrational modes requires the development of new tools that enable visualizing domain wall motion under varying applied fields with high temporal and spatial resolution while also accounting for spurious electrostatic effects. Here, scanning oscillator piezoresponse force microscopy extends the investigation of domain wall dynamics to new regimes, providing direct visualization of domain wall position as a function of an external electric field that varies in time and location. This enables studying the energetics of field‐driven ferroelectric domain wall motion, which is shown to obey a thermally activated flow regime in the millisecond timescale.
Carbon abatement strategies for bridges in India
Authors: Heggade V. N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe average atmospheric temperature has been steadily increasing from pre‐industrial era and is on ascendency alarmingly. In India, the average temperature has risen by around 0.7°C from 1900 to 2018. As per the worst Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, the mean warming is likely to touch 5.1°C by the end of 21st century. The resultant regional warming is creating havoc in the form of supercyclones, changed precipitation pattern, floods, droughts, wildfires, landslides, melting of ice and glaciers, avalanches, and so on. The built environment alone is responsible for nearly 52% of the carbon emission in Indian region. The paper presents the study of various strategies and technologies to achieve net zero carbon target in construction and operation of Concrete and Steel Bridges in the Indian context.
English Language Teacher Education with an Eco‐Social Perspective: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Barros‐Del Río María Amor , Mediavilla‐Martínez Beatriz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe importance of a critical and eco‐socially conscious English language teacher education in Europe is considered in this study. Information is collected through a survey to assess the working practice of various teachers and their perceptions of English language teaching under an eco‐social lens. New avenues are then suggested to build a comprehensive eco‐social language teacher education program. Based on the survey responses of the different stakeholders participating in English language teacher education, our case study yielded a survey‐based assessment of knowledge and familiarity with eco‐social issues. Weaknesses relating to language teacher education with an eco‐social perspective were detected and positive measures and strategies singled out, so as to design a language teacher education program with an eco‐social perspective. In all, 345 responses collected in various European countries amassed data that reflected a positive attitude toward eco‐social values among all the stakeholders within English language teacher education, mainly based on personal interests rather than collegial educational regulation. The need for the homogenization of existing resources and the regulation of education corpora was a common demand. Despite the limited scope of the survey, the results and the discussion presented in this paper offer a baseline study and a starting point to outline a fuller picture of the relation between English language teacher education and eco‐social commitments.
The Effect of Maropitant, Ondansetron and Metoclopramide on Dexmedetomidine‐Induced Vomiting in Cats
Authors: Gölgeli Bedir Ayşe , Yanmaz Latif Emrah , Okur Sıtkıcan , Şenocak Mümin Gökhan , Turgut Ferda , Kocaman Yakup , Orhun Ömer Tarık , Ersöz Uğur , Baykal Büşra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesVomiting is frequently observed in cats after dexmedetomidine administration. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different antiemetics in preventing vomiting in cats after dexmedetomidine administration.MethodsSixty‐four cats were randomly allocated to receive saline solution (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mL/kg, SC), maropitant (1 mg/kg, SC), ondansetron (0.22 mg/kg, IM) or metoclopramide (1 mg/kg, IM) 30 min before the intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine (25 µg/kg). Duration of vomiting, severity of vomiting and nausea signs (sialorrhoea, lip licking, retching and vomiting) was recorded for 30 min after dexmedetomidine administration.ResultsThe duration and severity of vomiting were significantly reduced in groups that received maropitant, ondansetron or metoclopramide compared to the saline group. Although differences were observed in retching and vomiting between the saline and other groups (p < 0.001), there were no significant differences in sialorrhoea or lip licking (p = 0.34 and p = 0.12, respectively).ConclusionsMaropitant, ondansetron and metoclopramide were found to significantly reduce retching and vomiting compared to the control group. In conclusion, no significant difference was found among maropitant, ondansetron and metoclopramide groups in the prevention of dexmedetomidine‐induced vomiting in cats.
Complete Genome Characterization of Canine Adenovirus From Türkiye With Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Sevinc Temizkan Secil , Temizkan Mehmet Cevat 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDetermining the complete genome sequence data of adenoviruses has recently become greatly important due to their use by scientists as vectors in cancer studies and other fields, including vaccine development. However, the GenBank database currently has few complete genome sequences of adenoviruses, which are known for their large genomes. To address this gap, we analysed next‐generation sequencing data obtained from our previous study to provide the complete genome sequence of the canine adenovirus‐2 strain.MethodsFor the obtained canine adenovirus‐2 strain (OQ596341), comparative genomics, recombination and phylogenetic analysis were conducted. This sequence was compared and phylogenetically analysed with the 20 complete genome sequences of canine adenovirus previously reported in GenBank worldwide, as well as partial E3 ORFA sequences obtained from Türkiye.ResultsThe nucleotide similarity rates of the sequence obtained from this study with other CAdV‐2 whole genomes are over 99.04%. The gene alignment results reveal that the OQ596341 was found to be closely related to the AC000020 reference genome and LC557011. There are two recombination events related to the genome in this study. Comparisons with other complete genome sequences revealed several previously unseen mutations. These mutations include H34Y in the E1A gene; P55A in the E1B 55K gene; D13N and D202N in the IVa2 gene; K679R, V934I and K989N in the Pol gene; E205K in the pTP gene; T455A in the pIIIa gene; A310V in the V gene; G151R in the protease gene; E268K in the 100K gene; G66S and G141S in the 33K gene; T14A, E250K, D287N and I293T in the E3 ORFA gene; and L193F in the E434K gene. Moreover, a comparison with partial sequences obtained from Türkiye revealed the E250K mutation in the E3 ORFA gene, which we report for the first time in Türkiye.ConclusionsThe complete CAdV‐2 genome sequence obtained in the present study is the first sequence from Europe. Comparative analysis with other genomes revealed some unique mutations. This study is the first to report the E250K amino acid change in the E3 ORFA gene in Türkiye. We anticipate that this data can be used in future CAdV‐2 vaccine development studies. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the impact of these mutations on viral tropism and other host interactions.
Thoraco‐abdominal impalement in a dog: The anaesthetic and surgical management
Authors: Varma Hrithik , Hutin Magdeleine , Erskine Matthew , Robertson Josephine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA 6.5‐year‐old, male, neutered Cocker Spaniel presented to the University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital following impalement on a metal rod while out on a walk. Computed tomography imaging showed the transfixing metal foreign body penetrating the thoracic cavity, diaphragm and abdominal cavity, with associated pneumothorax, pulmonary contusions, hepatic injury, pneumoperitoneum and peritoneal effusion. Exploratory laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed to safely remove the rod. Left lateral liver lobectomy, typhlectomy, diaphragmatic hernia repair, and thoracic and abdominal wall repair were performed in addition to abdominal and thoracic drain placement. Peri‐operative administration of blood products was required. Post‐operative haemoabdomen developed secondary to liver lobectomy, but only required medical support. The dog was discharged 7 days post‐operatively and recovered fully with no long‐term complications.