bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing switching mechanism of memristor for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Yang Zhe , Zhang Zirui , Li Ce , Yang Dongliang , Hui Fei , Sun Linfeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent, neuromorphic computing has been proposed to simulate the human brain system to overcome bottlenecks of the von Neumann architecture. Memristors, considered emerging memory devices, can be used to simulate synapses and neurons, which are the key components of neuromorphic computing systems. To observe the resistive switching (RS) behavior microscopically and probe the local conductive filaments (CFs) of the memristors, conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) with the ultra-high resolution has been investigated, which could be helpful to understand the dynamic processes of synaptic plasticity and the firing of neurons. This review presents the basic working principle of CAFM and discusses the observation methods using CAFM. Based on this, CAFM reveals the internal mechanism of memristors, which is used to observe the switching behavior of memristors. We then summarize the synaptic and neuronal functions assisted by CAFM for neuromorphic computing. Finally, we provide insights into discussing the challenges of CAFM used in the neuromorphic computing system, benefiting the expansion of CAFM in studying neuromorphic computing-based devices.
A large ensemble illustration of how record-shattering heat records can endure
Authors: Risbey James S , Irving Damien B , Squire Dougal T , Matear Richard J , Monselesan Didier P , Pook Michael J , Ramesh Nandini , Richardson Doug , Tozer Carly R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The record-shattering hot day in the Pacific Northwest in June 2021 is used to motivate a study of record-shattering temperature extremes in a very large hindcast ensemble. The hottest days in the Pacific Northwest in the large ensemble have similar large scale and synoptic patterns to those associated with the observed event. From the perspective of a fixed location, the hottest ensemble days are acutely sensitive to the chance sequencing of a dry period with a precisely positioned weather pattern. These days are thus rare and require very large samples (tens of thousands of years) to capture. The enduring nature of record-shattering heat records can be understood through this lens of weather ‘noise’ and sampling. When a record-shattering event occurs due to chance alignment of weather systems in the optimal configuration, any small sample of years subsequent to the (very unlikely) record event has an extremely low chance of finding yet another chance extreme. While warming of the baseline climate can narrow the gap between more regular extremes and record-shattering extremes, this can take many decades depending on the pace of climate change. Climate models are unlikely to capture record-shattering extremes at fixed locations given by observations unless the model samples are large enough to provide enough weather outcomes to include the optimal weather alignments. This underscores the need to account for sampling in assessing models and changes in weather-sensitive extremes. In particular, climate models are not necessarily deficient in representing extremes if that assessment is based on their absence in undersize samples.
Effect of the Fit2Thrive Intervention on Patient-reported Outcomes in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Full Factorial Trial
Authors: Solk Payton , Song Jing , Welch Whitney A , Spring Bonnie , Cella David , Penedo Frank , Ackermann Ron , Courneya Kerry S , Siddique Juned , Freeman Hannah , Starikovsky Julia , Mishory Abby , Alexander Jacqueline , Wolter Melanie , Carden Lillian , Phillips Siobhan M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundModerate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) interventions improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of physical and psychological health among breast cancer survivors (BCS); however, the effects of specific intervention components on PROs are unknown.PurposeTo use the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) to examine overall effects of the Fit2Thrive MVPA promotion intervention on PROs in BCS and explore whether there are intervention component-specific effects on PROs.MethodsPhysically inactive BCS [n = 269; Mage = 52.5 (SD = 9.9)] received a core intervention (Fitbit + Fit2Thrive smartphone app) and were randomly assigned to one of 32 conditions in a full factorial experiment of five components (“on” vs. “off”): (i) support calls, (ii) deluxe app, (iii) text messages, (iv) online gym, and (v) buddy. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaires assessed anxiety, depression, fatigue, physical functioning, sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment at baseline, post-intervention (12-week), and 24-week follow-up. Main effects for all components at each time point were examined using an intention to treat mixed-effects model.ResultsAll PROMIS measures except sleep disturbance significantly improved (p’s &lt; .008 for all) from baseline to 12-weeks. Effects were maintained at 24-weeks. The “on” level of each component did not result in significantly greater improvements on any PROMIS measure compared to the “off” level.ConclusionsParticipation in Fit2Thrive was associated with improved PROs in BCS, but improvements did not differ for “on” vs. “off” levels for any component tested. The low-resource Fit2Thrive core intervention is a potential strategy to improve PROs among BCS. Future studies should test the core in an RCT and examine various intervention component effects in BCS with clinically elevated PROs.
Virtual prey with Lévy motion are preferentially attacked by predatory fish
Authors: Ioannou Christos C , Carvalho Luis Arrochela Braga , Budleigh Chessy , Ruxton Graeme D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Of widespread interest in animal behavior and ecology is how animals search their environment for resources, and whether these search strategies are optimal. However, movement also affects predation risk through effects on encounter rates, the conspicuousness of prey, and the success of attacks. Here, we use predatory fish attacking a simulation of virtual prey to test whether predation risk is associated with movement behavior. Despite often being demonstrated to be a more efficient strategy for finding resources such as food, we find that prey displaying Lévy motion are twice as likely to be targeted by predators than prey utilizing Brownian motion. This can be explained by the predators, at the moment of the attack, preferentially targeting prey that were moving with straighter trajectories rather than prey that were turning more. Our results emphasize that costs of predation risk need to be considered alongside the foraging benefits when comparing different movement strategies.
SC-AIR-BERT: a pre-trained single-cell model for predicting the antigen-binding specificity of the adaptive immune receptor
Authors: Zhao Yu , Su Xiaona , Zhang Weitong , Mai Sijie , Xu Zhimeng , Qin Chenchen , Yu Rongshan , He Bing , Yao Jianhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurately predicting the antigen-binding specificity of adaptive immune receptors (AIRs), such as T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs), is essential for discovering new immune therapies. However, the diversity of AIR chain sequences limits the accuracy of current prediction methods. This study introduces SC-AIR-BERT, a pre-trained model that learns comprehensive sequence representations of paired AIR chains to improve binding specificity prediction. SC-AIR-BERT first learns the ‘language’ of AIR sequences through self-supervised pre-training on a large cohort of paired AIR chains from multiple single-cell resources. The model is then fine-tuned with a multilayer perceptron head for binding specificity prediction, employing the K-mer strategy to enhance sequence representation learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior AUC performance of SC-AIR-BERT compared with current methods for TCR- and BCR-binding specificity prediction.
Preexisting Autoimmunity Is Associated With Increased Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Authors: Yadaw Arjun S , Sahner David K , Sidky Hythem , Afzali Behdad , Hotaling Nathan , Pfaff Emily R , Mathé Ewy A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Identifying individuals with a higher risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes will inform targeted and more intensive clinical monitoring and management. To date, there is mixed evidence regarding the impact of preexisting autoimmune disease (AID) diagnosis and/or immunosuppressant (IS) exposure on developing severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective cohort of adults diagnosed with COVID-19 was created in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative enclave. Two outcomes, life-threatening disease and hospitalization, were evaluated by using logistic regression models with and without adjustment for demographics and comorbidities.

Results
Of the 2 453 799 adults diagnosed with COVID-19, 191 520 (7.81%) had a preexisting AID diagnosis and 278 095 (11.33%) had a preexisting IS exposure. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities demonstrated that individuals with a preexisting AID (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.17; P &lt; .001), IS exposure (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.24–1.30; P &lt; .001), or both (OR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.29–1.40; P &lt; .001) were more likely to have a life-threatening disease. These results were consistent when hospitalization was evaluated. A sensitivity analysis evaluating specific IS revealed that tumor necrosis factor inhibitors were protective against life-threatening disease (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: .66–.96; P = .017) and hospitalization (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: .73–.89; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Patients with preexisting AID, IS exposure, or both are more likely to have a life-threatening disease or hospitalization. These patients may thus require tailored monitoring and preventative measures to minimize negative consequences of COVID-19.
Incidence of Hypertension and Blood Pressure Changes in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Switching From Boosted Protease Inhibitors to Dolutegravir: A Post-hoc Analysis of the 96-week Randomised NEAT-022 Trial
Authors: Sempere Abiu , Assoumou Lambert , González-Cordón Ana , Waters Laura , Rusconi Stefano , Domingo Pere , Gompels Mark , de Wit Stephane , Raffi François , Stephan Christoph , Masiá Mar , Rockstroh Jürgen , Katlama Christine , Behrens Georg M N , Moyle Graeme , Johnson Margaret , Fox Julie , Stellbrink Hans-Jürgen , Guaraldi Giovanni , Florence Eric , Esser Stefan , Gatell José , Pozniak Anton , Martínez Esteban ,   the NEAT 022 Study Group, Vandekerckhove Linos , Caluwé Els , De Wit Stephane , Necsoi Coca , Florence Eric , Maartje Van Frankenhuijsen and 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Integrase inhibitors have been recently linked to a higher risk for hypertension. In NEAT022 randomized trial, virologically suppressed persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) with high cardiovascular risk switched from protease inhibitors to dolutegravir either immediately (DTG-I) or after 48 weeks (DTG-D).

Methods
Primary endpoint was incident hypertension at 48 weeks. Secondary endpoints were changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure; adverse events and discontinuations associated with high blood pressure; and factors associated with incident hypertension.

Results
At baseline, 191 (46.4%) participants had hypertension and 24 persons without hypertension were receiving antihypertensive medications for other reasons. In the 197 PWH (n = 98, DTG-I arm; n = 99, DTG-D arm) without hypertension or antihypertensive agents at baseline, incidence rates per 100 person-years were 40.3 and 36.3 (DTG-I) and 34.7 and 52.0 (DTG-D) at 48 (P = .5755) and 96 (P = .2347) weeks. SBP or DBP changes did not differed between arms. DBP (mean, 95% confidence interval) significantly increased in both DTG-I (+2.78 mmHg [1.07–4.50], P = .0016) and DTG-D (+2.29 mmHg [0.35–4.23], P = .0211) arms in the first 48 weeks of exposure to dolutegravir. Four (3 under dolutegravir, 1 under protease inhibitors) participants discontinued study drugs due to adverse events associated with high blood pressure. Classical factors, but not treatment arm, were independently associated with incident hypertension.

Conclusions
PWH at high risk for cardiovascular disease showed high rates of hypertension at baseline and after 96 weeks. Switching to dolutegravir did not negatively impact on the incidence of hypertension or blood pressure changes relative to continuing protease inhibitors.
CenhANCER: a comprehensive cancer enhancer database for primary tissues and cell lines
Authors: Luo Zhi-Hui , Shi Meng-Wei , Zhang Yuan , Wang Dan-Yang , Tong Yi-Bo , Pan Xue-Ling , Cheng ShanShan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Enhancers, which are key tumorigenic factors with wide applications for subtyping, diagnosis and treatment of cancer, are attracting increasing attention in the cancer research. However, systematic analysis of cancer enhancers poses a challenge due to the lack of integrative data resources, especially those from tumor primary tissues. To provide a comprehensive enhancer profile across cancer types, we developed a cancer enhancer database CenhANCER by curating public resources including all the public H3K27ac ChIP-Seq data from 805 primary tissue samples and 671 cell line samples across 41 cancer types. In total, 57 029 408 typical enhancers, 978 411 super-enhancers and 226 726 enriched transcription factors were identified. We annotated the super-enhancers with chromatin accessibility regions, cancer expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), genotype-tissue expression eQTLs and genome-wide association study risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for further functional analysis. The identified enhancers were highly consistent with accessible chromatin regions in the corresponding cancer types, and all the 10 super-enhancer regions identified from one colorectal cancer study were recapitulated in our CenhANCER, both of which testified the high quality of our data. CenhANCER with high-quality cancer enhancer candidates and transcription factors that are potential therapeutic targets across multiple cancer types provides a credible resource for single cancer analysis and for comparative studies of various cancer types.
Database URL http://cenhancer.chenzxlab.cn/
Taxonomic and functional responses of soil and root bacterial communities associated with poplar exposed to a contamination gradient of phenanthrene
Authors: Gréau Lilian , Blaudez Damien , Le Cordier Hélène , Fornasier Flavio , Cébron Aurélie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination of industrial wasteland soils affects microbial diversity, but little is known about the dose–response effects of such contaminants on taxonomic and functional diversities of rhizospheric and plant endophytic bacteria. This study focused on the response of soil and root bacterial communities associated to poplar grown in a contamination gradient of phenanthrene (PHE). It was hypothesized that the increase in contamination would modify gradually the bacterial diversity and functions. The effects of the PHE contamination were limited to soil communities and did not affect the poplar root endophytome where Streptomyces and Cutibacterium were the most abundant genera. Along the PHE gradient, alpha-diversity indices decreased and the community structure of soil bacteria at the taxonomic level shifted. The abundance of genes involved in PAH-degradation pathways and the relative proportion of certain microbial taxa such as Polaromonas, Sphingopyxis, Peredibacter, Phenylobacterium, Ramlibacter, Sphingomonas, and Pseudomonas, often described as potential PAH biodegraders, increased with the PHE concentration in the soil community. Conversely, the contamination negatively impacted other taxa like Nocardioides, Streptomyces, Gaiella, Solirubrobacter, Bradyrhizobium, and Nitrospira. Functional inference and enzymatic activity measurements revealed that some bacterial functions related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles were modified in soil throughout the PHE gradient. This study allowed a deeper understanding of the complex plant–bacteria interactions in the case of soil PAH contamination and the potential impact on soil functioning.
Insulin Sensitivity Initially Worsens but Later Improves With Aging in Male C57BL/6N Mice
Authors: Kondo Hiroya , Ono Hiraku , Hamano Hiiro , Sone-Asano Kanako , Ohno Tomohiro , Takeda Kenji , Ochiai Hidetoshi , Matsumoto Ai , Takasaki Atsushi , Hiraga Chihiro , Kumagai Jin , Maezawa Yoshiro , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aging is believed to induce insulin resistance in humans. However, when and how insulin sensitivity changes with aging remains unclear in both humans and mice. In this study, groups of male C57BL/6N mice at 9–19 weeks (young), 34–67 weeks (mature adult), 84–85 weeks (presenile), and 107–121 weeks of age underwent hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp studies with somatostatin infusion under awake and nonrestrained conditions. The glucose infusion rates for maintaining euglycemia were 18.4 ± 2.9, 5.9 ± 1.3, 20.3 ± 7.2, and 25.3 ± 4.4 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively. Thus, compared with young mice, mature adult mice exhibited the expected insulin resistance. In contrast, presenile and aged mice showed significantly higher insulin sensitivity than mature adult mice. These age-related changes were mainly observed in glucose uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (rates of glucose disappearance were 24.3 ± 2.0, 17.1 ± 1.0, 25.5 ± 5.2, and 31.8 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively). Epididymal fat weight and hepatic triglyceride levels were higher in mature adult mice than those in young and aged mice. Our observations indicate that, in male C57BL/6N mice, insulin resistance appears at the mature adult stage of life but subsequently improves markedly. These alterations in insulin sensitivity are attributable to changes in visceral fat accumulations and age-related factors.
Transition Into the Caregiver Role Among Older Adults: A Study of Social Participation and Social Support Based on the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Li Lun , Wister Andrew V , Lee Yeonjung , Mitchell Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Older adults (65 years and older) are increasingly providing care for their spouses, family members, and nonkin others (e.g., friends and neighbors). However, available knowledge of older caregivers is limited to spousal caregivers and their psychological outcomes. Other caregiver role types or social outcomes among older caregivers are less well studied. Thus, this study examines the social participation and social support among older caregivers by comparing 3 types of older caregivers, including spousal caregivers, nonspouse family caregivers, and nonkin caregivers.

Methods
Participants for this study were drawn from the Baseline and Follow-up 1 data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. A total of 3,789 older adults became caregivers during the 2 data collection time points. Linear mixed models were applied to examine the change of social participation and social support among the three caregiver role types over the course of survey.

Results
The study finds that after transitioning into the caregiving role, spousal caregivers, and nonkin caregivers experienced a decline in social participation, and spousal caregivers also received less social support over time. When comparing the 3 caregiver role types, spousal caregivers reported the greatest decline in social participation and social support.

Discussion
This study adds to the relatively limited knowledge of older caregivers by presenting the changes in social participation and social support after transitioning into 3 types of caregiver roles. The results indicate the need to provide support for caregivers, particularly spousal and nonkin caregivers, to help them maintain social relationships and networks for participation and support.
Tomographic filtering of shear and compressional wave models reveals uncorrelated variations in the lowermost mantle
Authors: Su Jun , Houser Christine , Hernlund John W , Deschamps Frédéric 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
Seismic tomography models reveal differences in the geographic distribution and magnitude of P- and S-wave velocity variations (VP and VS, respectively) below ∼2200 km depth in the Earth’s mantle. In particular, large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) beneath the Pacific and Africa exhibit a distinct low velocity population in the distribution of VS that does not stand out in VP models, carrying important implications for the origin of these features. However, it is possible that the absence of a distinct low velocity feature in VP models is an artefact of VP models having lower resolution compared to VS models owing to differences in coverage. Here, we use ‘tomographic filters’ computed from the singular value decomposition of the sensitivity matrices for a pair of VP and VS models in order to test whether such low velocity features are suppressed in VP models. Our ‘cross-filtered’ results show that resolution alone cannot explain the absence of a corresponding low VP population. We additionally apply the joint VP and VS tomographic filter technique to thermochemical mantle convection models to show that cases with distinct phase and/or composition may be differentiated from cases where only temperature varies. We then develop a new proxy for exploring uncorrelated VP and VS more broadly using the difference between the observed VP model and the filtered VS model input. Our results show that ‘large uncorrelated modulus provinces’ (LUMPs) extend beyond the boundaries of LLSVPs, and exhibit anomalies in both fast and slow regions.