bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent Coral Bleaching Risk Indicators Between Temperature Data Sources
Authors: Neo V. H. F. , Zinke J. , Fung T. , Merchant C. J. , Zawada K. J. A. , Krawczyk H. , Maina J. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCoral reefs are facing severe threats and are at risk of accelerated decline due to climate change‐induced changes in their environment. Ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of coral response to warming rely on multiple sources of temperature data. Yet, it remains uncertain whether the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data used for coral reef studies are consistent among different data products, despite potential implications for conservation. A better understanding of the consistency among the different SST data applied to coral reefs may facilitate the fusion of data into a standard product. This will improve monitoring and understanding of the impact of global warming on coral reefs. Four types of SST data across North‐Western and South‐Western Australia are compared to assess their differences and ability to observe high thermal stress during historical coral bleaching events. The four SST data sources included those derived from Global Circulation Models, NOAA CoralTemp SST product, ESA CCI SST product, and coral core derived SST. Coral bleaching risk indicators, Degree Heating Week (DHW), and Degree Heating Month (DHM) were calculated using these sources and compared for consistency. DHW and DHM were inconsistent among data sets and did not accurately reflect high thermal stress metrics during moderate and severe bleaching events. Some reefs did not experience bleaching in spite of high DHWs and DHMs, suggesting a mismatch in data scales, or perhaps other oceanographic factors and coral adaptation. By exploring the differences and similarities among these four data sources, this study highlights the need to compare existing indicators of thermal stress from different data sets.
Modeling the Atmospheric Ionization Rate During a Geomagnetic Reversal
Authors: Svensmark J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Matuyama‐Brunhes reversal of Earth's magnetic dipole field took place 0.78 Ma ago, and detailed temporally resolved paleomagnetic data are available for this period. A geomagnetic reversal is expected to impact the cosmic ray flux, which in turn affects atmospheric ionization rates. To assess the magnitude of this effect, three preexisting models are used in tandem to yield 3D time series of the atmospheric ionization rates for the entire globe during the reversal. Specifically the time variable paleomagnetic field data is input into a particle trajectory calculator to produce geomagnetic cutoff rigidity maps for the entire globe. This is combined with an empirical model of the local interstellar cosmic ray spectrum and ionization yield functions based on Monte Carlo atmospheric particle simulations to produce novel time variable 3D atmospheric ionization rates during the reversal. As the dipole field weakens, the atmospheric ionization increases at low latitudes. The increase is ca. 25% at the surface and up to a factor of 5 in the upper atmosphere. Globally, ionization rates increase around 13% at the surface and up to a factor of 2 in the upper atmosphere, whereas polar regions are largely unaffected. Finally, the change in ionization due to the solar 11‐year cycle is greatly affected by the reversal. The relative change in atmospheric ionization between solar‐minimum and solar‐maximum varies between 2 and two orders of magnitude.
Classifying Interplanetary Discontinuities Using Supervised Machine Learning
Authors: Dumitru Daniel , Munteanu Costel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirectional discontinuities (DDs) are defined as abrupt changes of the magnetic field orientation. We use observations from ESA's Cluster mission to compile a database of events: Four thousand two hundred and sixteen events are identified in January–April 2007, and 5,194 in January–April 2008. Localized time scale images depicting angular changes are created for each event, and a preliminary classification algorithm is designed to distinguish between: simple—isolated events, and complex—multiple overlapping events. In 2007, 1,806 events are preclassified as simple, and 2,410 as complex; in 2008, 1,997 events are simple, and 3,197 are complex. A supervised machine learning approach is used to recognize and predict these events. Two models are trained: one for 2007, which is used to predict the results in 2008, and vice versa for 2008. To validate our results, we investigate the discontinuity occurrence rate as a function of spacecraft location. When the spacecraft is in the solar wind, we find an occurrence rate of ∼2 DDs per hour and a 50/50% ratio of simple/complex events. When the spacecraft is in the Earth's magnetosheath, we find that the total occurrence rate remains around 2 DDs/hr, but the ratio of simple/complex events changes to ∼25/75%. This implies that about half of the simple events observed in the solar wind are classified as complex when observed in the magnetosheath. This demonstrates that our classification scheme can provide meaningful insights, and thus be relevant for future studies on interplanetary discontinuities.
Ozone Changes Due To Sudden Stratospheric Warming‐Induced Variations in the Intensity of Brewer‐Dobson Circulation: A Composite Analysis Using Observations and Chemical‐Transport Model
Authors: Veenus Venugopal , Das Siddarth Shankar , David Liji M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe quantify the changes in the intensity of Brewer‐Dobson Circulation (BDC) during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) and its impact on the tropical stratospheric thermal structure and ozone distribution by composite analysis using observations and a chemical‐transport model. An increase in the planetary wave activity and enhancement in BDC intensity before the central date of SSW is noticed. A positive ozone anomaly is observed in the tropical upper stratosphere. The tropical lower stratosphere shows a cooling (1–2 K) and negative ozone anomaly (∼0.1 ppmv) after ∼10 days from the central date. The polar stratosphere experiences a positive ozone anomaly, whereas the upper stratosphere shows ozone depletion due to the downwelling of NOx‐rich mesospheric air. The cold‐point tropopause temperature shows a cooling of ∼0.5 K for major warming which in turn dries the lower stratosphere.
Influence of the Polar Electrojet on Field‐Aligned Current Estimates From Single Satellite Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Xiong Chao , Wang Simin , Lühr Hermann , Wang Fengjue , Zhou Yunliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe high‐resolution magnetic field measurements from European Space Agency's (ESA’s) Swarm satellite constellation provide a good opportunity for revisiting the mean properties of ionospheric currents. Among the Swarm Level‐2 data products, provided by European Space Agency, are field‐aligned current (FAC) estimates based on single‐spacecraft (single‐SC) and dual‐spacecraft (dual‐SC) solutions. For the more reliable dual‐SC approach only magnetic signatures from currents flowing through the integration loop are considered, while in the case of single‐SC FAC estimates the magnetic effects of all remote current systems contribute to the results. A direct comparison between the two FAC products at auroral latitudes reveals that the single‐SC estimates systematically overestimate the current density of region 2 (R2) FACs by about 15%, while underestimates the region 1 (R1) FACs by about 10%. The differences between the two FAC products appear closely related to the location and direction of the horizontal polar electrojet (PEJ) at auroral latitudes. A direct comparison of these two current systems suggests an influence of the PEJ induced magnetic field on the solutions from single‐SC FACs. Our preferred explanation is the effect of a partial diversion of the anti‐sunward flowing electrojet current into the polar cap region. The current deflection angle increases toward the pole. The B‐field of such a current flow geometry can explain the single‐SC differences. It is consistent with the general picture of the high‐latitude Hall current vortices. As a side aspect, we found that the mean PEJ intensities are almost identical in both hemispheres, but the latitudes of the current peaks differ between the two hemispheres in the morning/afternoon sectors by about 1°. The reason for this difference is not clear.
Endogenous oxytocin levels in children with autism: Associations with cortisol levels and oxytocin receptor gene methylation
Authors: Evenepoel Margaux , Moerkerke Matthijs , Daniels Nicky , Chubar Viktoria , Claes Stephan , Turner Jonathan , Vanaudenaerde Bart , Willems Lynn , Verhaeghe Johan , Prinsen Jellina , Steyaert Jean , Boets Bart , Alaerts Kaat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlterations in the brain’s oxytocinergic system have been suggested to play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but insights from pediatric populations are sparse. Here, salivary oxytocin was examined in the morning (AM) and afternoon (PM) in school-aged children with (n = 80) and without (n = 40) ASD (boys/girls 4/1), and also characterizations of DNA methylation (DNAm) of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) were obtained. Further, cortisol levels were assessed to examine links between the oxytocinergic system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis signaling. Children with ASD displayed altered (diminished) oxytocin levels in the morning, but not in the afternoon, after a mildly stress-inducing social interaction session. Notably, in the control group, higher oxytocin levels at AM were associated with lower stress-induced cortisol at PM, likely reflective of aprotectivestress-regulatory mechanism for buffering HPA stress activity. In children with ASD, on the other hand, a significant rise in oxytocin levels from the morning to the afternoon was associated with a higher stress-induced cortisol release in the afternoon, likely reflective of a morereactivestress regulatory release of oxytocin for reactively coping with heightened HPA activity. Regarding epigenetic modifications, no overall pattern ofOXTRhypo- or hypermethylation was evident in ASD. In control children, a notable association betweenOXTRmethylation and levels of cortisol at PM was evident, likely indicative of a compensatory downregulation ofOXTRmethylation (higher oxytocin receptor expression) in children with heightened HPA axis activity. Together, these observations bear important insights into altered oxytocinergic signaling in ASD, which may aid in establishing relevant biomarkers for diagnostic and/or treatment evaluation purposes targeting the oxytocinergic system in ASD.
Exploratory genome-wide analyses of cortical inhibition, facilitation, and plasticity in late-life depression
Authors: Wathra Rafae A. , Men Xiaoyu , Elsheikh Samar S. M. , Marshe Victoria S. , Rajji Tarek K. , Lissemore Jennifer I. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Karp Jordan F. , Reynolds Charles F. , Lenze Eric J. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Müller Daniel J. , Blumberger Daniel M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLate-life depression (LLD) is a heterogenous mood disorder influenced by genetic factors. Cortical physiological processes such as cortical inhibition, facilitation, and plasticity may be markers of illness that are more strongly associated with genetic factors than the clinical phenotype. Thus, exploring the relationship between genetic factors and these physiological processes may help to characterize the biological mechanisms underlying LLD and improve diagnosis and treatment selection. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electromyography was used to measure short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and paired associative stimulation (PAS) in 79 participants with LLD. We used exploratory genome-wide association and gene-based analyses to assess for genetic correlations of these TMS measures. MARK4 (which encodes microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4) and PPP1R37 (which encodes protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 37) showed genome-wide significant association with SICI. EGFLAM (which encodes EGF-like fibronectin type III and laminin G domain) showed genome-wide significant association with CSP. No genes met genome-wide significant association with ICF or PAS. We observed genetic influences on cortical inhibition in older adults with LLD. Replication with larger sample sizes, exploration of clinical phenotype subgroups, and functional analysis of relevant genotypes is warranted to better characterize genetic influences on cortical physiology in LLD. This work is needed to determine whether cortical inhibition may serve as a biomarker to improve diagnostic precision and guide treatment selection in LLD.
Notch1 promotes resistance to cisplatin by up-regulating Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Qi Yuzhu , Li Meifang , Li Shaozhong , Zeng De , Xiao Yingsheng , Li Jiwei , Ye Qianqian , Bremer Edwin , Zhang Guo-jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive molecular subtype that due to lack of druggable targets is treated with chemotherapy as standard of care. However, TNBC is prone to chemoresistance and associates with poor survival. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in TNBC. Firstly, we found that the mRNA expression of Notch1 and CD73 in cisplatin-treated patient material associated with poor clinical outcome. Further, both were upregulated at the protein level in cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell lines. Overexpression of Notch1 intracellular domain (termed N1ICD) increased expression of CD73, whereas knockdown of Notch1 decreased CD73 expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and Dual-Luciferase assay it was identified that N1ICD directly bound the CD73 promoter and activated transcription. Taken together, these findings suggest CD73 as a direct downstream target of Notch1, providing an additional layer to the mechanisms underlying Notch1-mediated cisplatin resistance in TNBC.
Zero-dimensionality of a scaled-down VO2 metal-insulator transition via high-resolution electrostatic gating
Authors: Yajima Takeaki , Samata Yusuke , Hamasuna Satoshi , Pati Satya Prakash , Toriumi Akira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn understanding of the phase transitions at the nanoscale is essential in state-of-the-art engineering1–5, instead of simply averaging the heterogeneous domains formed during phase transitions6,7. However, as materials are scaled down, the steepness of the phase transition rapidly increases8–13 and requires extremely high precision in the control method. Here, a three-terminal device, which could precisely control the phase transition electrically14–19, was applied for the first time to a scaled-down metal-insulator transition material VO2. The crossover from continuous to binary transitions with the scaled-down material was clarified, and the critical channel length was successfully elucidated via phase boundary energy. Notably, below the critical channel length, the spatial degrees of freedom degenerated, and the impact of drain voltage application disappeared in the phase transition, indicating zero-dimensionality of the VO2 channel. This zero-dimensionality could be the fundamental property in the scaled-down phase transition and have a significant impact on various fields that need nanoscale engineering.
Improving glaucoma staging in clinical practice by combining the ICD-10 glaucoma severity classification system and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Leshno Ari , Tsamis Emmanouil , Harizman Noga , De Moraes Carlos Gustavo , La Bruna Sol , Rai Anvit , Garg-Shukla Aakriti , Cioffi George A. , Wang Qing , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Hood Donald C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
The International Classification of Disease, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes used for glaucoma severity classification are based on the 24-2 visual-field (VF) test. This study aim was to assess the added value of providing clinicians with optical coherence tomography (OCT) data, in addition to functional data, for glaucoma staging in clinical practice.

Exposure
Disease classification was determined for 54 glaucoma eyes, according to the principles of the ICD-10 guidelines. Eyes were independently graded in a masked fashion using the 24-2 VF test and 10-2 VF test, with and without OCT information. The reference standard (RS) for severity was determined using a previously published automated structure-function topographic agreement for glaucomatous damage using all available information.

Results
The RS classified eyes as mild, moderate and advanced in 3, 16 and 35 cases, respectively. Individual and combined 24-2 and 10-2 based gradings were significantly different from the RS (all P < 0.005), with Kappa agreements of 0.26, 0.45 and 0.42 respectively (P < 0.001). Classifications using OCT combined with either of the VF were not-significantly different from the RS (P > 0.3) with Kappa agreements of 0.56 and 0.57 respectively (P < 0.001). Combining 24-2 with OCT had less severity overestimations while 10-2 with OCT had fewer underestimations.

Conclusion
Combining OCT and VF data provides better staging of glaucoma severity than VF data alone. The 24-2 and OCT combination seems most appropriate given the high concordance with the RS and less overestimation of severity. Incorporating structural information into disease stages allows clinicians to set more appropriate severity-based treatment targets for individual patients.
Longitudinal body mass index and cancer risk: a cohort study of 2.6 million Catalan adults
Authors: Recalde Martina , Pistillo Andrea , Davila-Batista Veronica , Leitzmann Michael , Romieu Isabelle , Viallon Vivian , Freisling Heinz , Duarte-Salles Talita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle body mass index (BMI) measurements have been associated with increased risk of 13 cancers. Whether life course adiposity-related exposures are more relevant cancer risk factors than baseline BMI (ie, at start of follow-up for disease outcome) remains unclear. We conducted a cohort study from 2009 until 2018 with population-based electronic health records in Catalonia, Spain. We included 2,645,885 individuals aged ≥40 years and free of cancer in 2009. After 9 years of follow-up, 225,396 participants were diagnosed with cancer. This study shows that longer duration, greater degree, and younger age of onset of overweight and obesity during early adulthood are positively associated with risk of 18 cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and among never-smokers, head and neck, and bladder cancers which are not yet considered as obesity-related cancers in the literature. Our findings support public health strategies for cancer prevention focussing on preventing and reducing early overweight and obesity.
High body temperature increases gut microbiota-dependent host resistance to influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nagai Minami , Moriyama Miyu , Ishii Chiharu , Mori Hirotake , Watanabe Hikaru , Nakahara Taku , Yamada Takuji , Ishikawa Dai , Ishikawa Takamasa , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Kimura Ikuo , Nagahara Akihito , Naito Toshio , Fukuda Shinji , Ichinohe Takeshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFever is a common symptom of influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet its physiological role in host resistance to viral infection remains less clear. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of mice to the high ambient temperature of 36 °C increases host resistance to viral pathogens including influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). High heat-exposed mice increase basal body temperature over 38 °C to enable more bile acids production in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. The gut microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid (DCA) and its plasma membrane-bound receptor Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling increase host resistance to influenza virus infection by suppressing virus replication and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Furthermore, the DCA and its nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist protect Syrian hamsters from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, we demonstrate that certain bile acids are reduced in the plasma of COVID-19 patients who develop moderate I/II disease compared with the minor severity of illness group. These findings implicate a mechanism by which virus-induced high fever increases host resistance to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
ssDNA accessibility of Rad51 is regulated by orchestrating multiple RPA dynamics
Authors: Ding Jiawei , Li Xiangting , Shen Jiangchuan , Zhao Yiling , Zhong Shuchen , Lai Luhua , Niu Hengyao , Qi Zhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe eukaryotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA) plays a crucial role in various DNA metabolic pathways, including DNA replication and repair, by dynamically associating with ssDNA. While the binding of a single RPA molecule to ssDNA has been thoroughly studied, the accessibility of ssDNA is largely governed by the bimolecular behavior of RPA, the biophysical nature of which remains unclear. In this study, we develop a three-step low-complexity ssDNA Curtains method, which, when combined with biochemical assays and a Markov chain model in non-equilibrium physics, allow us to decipher the dynamics of multiple RPA binding to long ssDNA. Interestingly, our results suggest that Rad52, the mediator protein, can modulate the ssDNA accessibility of Rad51, which is nucleated on RPA coated ssDNA through dynamic ssDNA exposure between neighboring RPA molecules. We find that this process is controlled by the shifting between the protection mode and action mode of RPA ssDNA binding, where tighter RPA spacing and lower ssDNA accessibility are favored under RPA protection mode, which can be facilitated by the Rfa2 WH domain and inhibited by Rad52 RPA interaction.
TRPA1 activation in non-sensory supporting cells contributes to regulation of cochlear sensitivity after acoustic trauma
Authors: Vélez-Ortega A. Catalina , Stepanyan Ruben , Edelmann Stephanie E. , Torres-Gallego Sara , Park Channy , Marinkova Desislava A. , Nowacki Joshua S. , Sinha Ghanshyam P. , Frolenkov Gregory I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTRPA1 channels are expressed in nociceptive neurons, where they detect noxious stimuli, and in the mammalian cochlea, where their function is unknown. Here we show that TRPA1 activation in the supporting non-sensory Hensen’s cells of the mouse cochlea causes prolonged Ca2+ responses, which propagate across the organ of Corti and cause long-lasting contractions of pillar and Deiters’ cells. Caged Ca2+ experiments demonstrated that, similar to Deiters’ cells, pillar cells also possess Ca2+-dependent contractile machinery. TRPA1 channels are activated by endogenous products of oxidative stress and extracellular ATP. Since both these stimuli are present in vivo after acoustic trauma, TRPA1 activation after noise may affect cochlear sensitivity through supporting cell contractions. Consistently, TRPA1 deficiency results in larger but less prolonged noise-induced temporary shift of hearing thresholds, accompanied by permanent changes of latency of the auditory brainstem responses. We conclude that TRPA1 contributes to the regulation of cochlear sensitivity after acoustic trauma.