bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratospheric gravity wave potential energy and tropospheric parameters relationships over South America: a study using COSMIC-2 and METOP radio occultation measurements
Authors: Ayorinde Toyese Tunde , Wrasse Cristiano Max , Takahashi Hisao , Barros Diego , Figueiredo Cosme Alexandre Oliveira Barros , Lomotey Solomon Otoo , Essien Patrick , Bilibio Anderson Vestena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing COSMIC-2 and METOP radio occultation measurements during the years 2020 and 2021, the study presents the first direct and independent relationship between the potential energy (Ep) in the stratosphere, precipitable water vapour (PWV), tropopause heights (TPH), and cold-point heights (CPH) over South America. The South American continent comprises the tropical region, the Andes Mountain range, and mid-latitude climates. The seasonal mean of the potential energy (Ep), the PWV, and the tropopause parameters height (TPH and CPH) were obtained to investigate the relationship between the stratospheric gravity wave (SGW) Epand the tropospheric parameters (PWV, TPH, and CPH). Around the Andes Mountains to the east, there is significantly less water vapour (PWV < 10 mm) and a relatively high gravity wave Ep(Ep > 8 kJ kg−1). A good correlation of variability was found between the PWV and the lower SGW Epin summer over the tropical region (± 20◦). Generally, good and strong correlations were observed in the summer and spring, with negative/no correlations in the winter in 2020 and 2021. Also, good and strong correlations between SGW, PWV, and TPH were observed in the summer at$${20}^{o}N - {10}^{o}N$$20oN-10oNin 2020 and 2021. Our result demonstrated the possibility that convective activity was a major driver of the tropical gravity waves over South America. In the subtropical (30$$^\circ$$∘–40$$^\circ$$∘) region, especially in the winter, the tropospheric parameters make little or no contribution to gravity wave activity in the region. The CPH generally showed a no/negative with SGW over the South American tropics. The SGW activities in the tropical region showed an impact on the structure of the tropopause parameters, which could be a result of the convective activity in this region.Graphical Abstract
Transformers for autonomous recognition of psychiatric dysfunction via raw and imbalanced EEG signals
Authors: Gour Neha , Hassan Taimur , Owais Muhammad , Ganapathi Iyyakutti Iyappan , Khanna Pritee , Seghier Mohamed L. , Werghi Naoufel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEarly identification of mental disorders, based on subjective interviews, is extremely challenging in the clinical setting. There is a growing interest in developing automated screening tools for potential mental health problems based on biological markers. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of an AI-powered diagnosis of different mental disorders using EEG data. Specifically, this work aims to classify different mental disorders in the following ecological context accurately: (1) using raw EEG data, (2) collected during rest, (3) during both eye open, and eye closed conditions, (4) at short 2-min duration, (5) on participants with different psychiatric conditions, (6) with some overlapping symptoms, and (7) with strongly imbalanced classes. To tackle this challenge, we designed and optimized a transformer-based architecture, where class imbalance is addressed through focal loss and class weight balancing. Using the recently released TDBRAIN dataset (n= 1274 participants), our method classifies each participant as either a neurotypical or suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subjective memory complaints (SMC), or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture on both the window-level and the patient-level. The classification of the 2-min raw EEG data into five classes achieved a window-level accuracy of 63.2% and 65.8% for open and closed eye conditions, respectively. When the classification is limited to three main classes (MDD, ADHD, SMC), window level accuracy improved to 75.1% and 69.9% for eye open and eye closed conditions, respectively. Our work paves the way for developing novel AI-based methods for accurately diagnosing mental disorders using raw resting-state EEG data.
Meningococcal meningitis, a life-threatening disease with a dangerous skin rash: two case reports
Authors: Ibrahim Hamdy , Maksod Safwat Abdel , Khorshed Magdy , Alsisi Ahmed , Fouad Nasser , Rady Hanan , Al Amir Alaaa , Mohamed Adel , Hosny Mohamed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMeningococcal meningitis (MM) is a medical emergency that progresses rapidly to cause life-threatening organ failure, and a high level of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and intervention with antibiotics and fluid resuscitation. Herein, we present two cases of meningococcal meningitis in an adolescent boy and a young female child who presented with fever and rash; the purpose is to alert the emergency physicians about this life-threatening condition as early disease recognition and management is highly important for the patient’s survival.
Performance of nano titania-reinforced slag/basalt geopolymer composites
Authors: Mashout Hani A. , Razek Taha A. , Amin Mohamed S. , Hashem Fayza S. , Selim Faten A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Egypt, basalt manufacturing generates waste materials at a rate of about 33%. The disposal of basalt waste through the manufacturing of cementitious materials is an economically feasible approach. This work involved the fabrication of a one-part slag/basalt waste geopolymer cement (GP) enhanced by nano-TiO2. The physico-mechanical properties of the different GP mixes were investigated. The durability against fire at up to 750 °C, sulfate (SO4−2) attack, and irradiation with significant dosages of γ-rays at up to 1500 kGy were assessed. Phase composition and microstructure were explored through various techniques as XRD, TG, and SEM. The findings demonstrated that basalt incorporation up to 20% within the GP mix boosted its mechanical characteristics after 28 and 90 days of curing by 8.5 and 2.5%, respectively, while 60% replacement diminished the strength by 30%. Slag/basalt GP showed a comprehensible resistance to SO4−2 ions attack, and its strength was intensified by 14% after 4 months of immersion. Additionally, the blended GP mixes could preserve 40% of their strength after being exposed to 1500 kGy of γ-rays and about 50% of their strength after firing at 750 °C. Admixing GP by NT showed a synergic impact for diminishing setting times, boosting compressive strength by 5 ~ 15% compared to reference mix along with an improvement in the microstructure. Furthermore, distributing NT through GP greatly improved durability after firing at 500 and 700 °C and irradiating with high dosages of γ-rays. This feature is mostly connected to the catalytic capabilities and filling activities of NT in boosting geopolymerization processes.
Nighttime working as perceived by Italian anesthesiologists: a secondary analysis of an international survey
Authors: Galvano Alberto Nicolò , Ippolito Mariachiara , Noto Alberto , Lakbar Inès , Einav Sharon , Giarratano Antonino , Cortegiani Andrea 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
No data are available on the working conditions and workload of anesthesiologists during perioperative nighttime work in Italy and on the perceived risks.

Results
We analyzed 1085 responses out of the 5292 from the whole dataset. Most of the responders (76%) declared working a median of 12 consecutive hours during night shifts, with an irregular nightshift schedule (70%). More than half of the responders stated to receive a call 2–4 (40%) or 5 times or more (25%) to perform emergency procedures and/or ICU activities during night shifts. More than 70% of the responders declared having relaxation rooms for nighttime work (74%) but none to be used after a nightshift before going back home (82%) and no free meals, snacks, or beverages (89%). Furthermore, almost all (95%) of the surveyed anesthesiologists declared not having received specifical training or education on how to work at night, and that no institutional program has been held by the hospital to monitor fatigue or stress for night workers (99%). More than half of the responders stated having the possibility, sometimes (38%) or always (45%), to involve another colleague in difficult medical decisions and to feel comfortable, sometimes (31%) or always (35%), to call the on-call colleague. Participants declared that nighttime work affects their quality of life extremely (14%) or significantly (63%), and that sleep deprivation, fatigue, and current working conditions may reduce performance (67%) and increase risk for the patients (74%).

Conclusions
Italian anesthesiologists declare current nighttime practice to negatively affect their quality of life, and their performance, and are thus concerned for their patients’ safety. Proper education on night work, starting from traineeship, and implementing institutional programs to monitor stress and fatigue of operators and to support them during nighttime work could be a mean to improve nighttime work conditions and safety for both patients and healthcare workers.
Immunoinformatic Risk Assessment of Host Cell Proteins During Process Development for Biologic Therapeutics
Authors: Haltaufderhyde Kirk , Roberts Brian J. , Khan Sundos , Terry Frances , Boyle Christine M. , McAllister Mitchell , Martin William , Rosenberg Amy , De Groot Anne S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe identification and removal of host cell proteins (HCPs) from biologic products is a critical step in drug development. Despite recent improvements to purification processes, biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, enzyme replacement therapies, and vaccines that are manufactured in a range of cell lines and purified using diverse processes may contain HCP impurities, making it necessary for developers to identify and quantify impurities during process development for each drug product. HCPs that contain sequences that are less conserved with human homologs may be more immunogenic than those that are more conserved. We have developed a computational tool, ISPRI-HCP, that estimates the immunogenic potential of HCP sequences by evaluating and quantifying T cell epitope density and relative conservation with similar T cell epitopes in the human proteome. Here we describe several case studies that support the use of this method for classifying candidate HCP impurities according to their immunogenicity risk.
Graphical Abstract
Clinical efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy combined with Laparoscopic Surgery in patients with Middle and Low Rectal Cancer and its Effect on serum VEGF Levels and quality of life
Authors: Hou Wei , Song Xin , Pan Qingfang , Liu Sukun , Zhao Qinglian , Hong Dan 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with laparoscopic surgery in patients with middle and low rectal cancer and its effect on serum VEGF level and quality of life.
Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 80 patients with middle and low rectal cancer admitted to Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from June 2018 to June 2020.They were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group underwent laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery, while those in the experimental group underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. The differences of various surgical indicators between the two groups were compared. The incidence of surgical complications, the serum VEGF levels and the improvement of quality of life were compared. The differences in local recurrence, metastasis and overall survival with in two years after surgery were compared.
Results: The various surgical indicators of the experimental group were significantly better than the control group (p<0.05). After treatment, the VEGF levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p=0.00), while the SF-36 score was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.00). The total incidence of surgical complications in experimental group was significantly lower (p=0.03), the local recurrence rate was significantly lower (p=0.02), and the overall survival rate was significantly higher than that in control group (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with laparoscopic surgery is superior to direct surgery alone in the treatment of middle and low rectal cancer and it needs to be promoted.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6763
How to cite this: Hou W, Song X, Pan Q, Liu S, Zhao Q, Hong D. Clinical efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy combined with Laparoscopic Surgery in patients with Middle and Low Rectal Cancer and its Effect on serum VEGF Levels and quality of life. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.6763
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical application of upper limb fracture fixator in emergency treatment of upper limb fracture
Authors: Xiong Lianghao , Le Jintao , Zhao Chun , Yuan Rongxia , Yang Mai , Shen Hai 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To compare and analyze the curative effect of fracture upper limb fixator and traditional splint in emergency treatment of upper limb fracture.
Methods: This is a prospective study. A total of 80 patients with upper limb fractures admitted to the Emergency Department of Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital from December 2021 to August 2022 were prospectively selected as subjects. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method: Patients in the control group were treated with traditional splint, while those in the observation group were treated with medical adjustable upper limb fixator. The clinical efficacy, treatment time, pain, fitness, probability of secondary injury and complications were compared between the two groups.
Results: After treatment, the excellent and good rate in the observation group (75.00%) was higher than that in the control group(52.50%). There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment time between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the probability of secondary injury between the two group. Statistically significant difference was observed in the comparison of pain conditions between the two groups. The total fitness rate of the observation group (97.50%) was higher than that of the control group (75.00%). The total incidence of complications in the observation group (2.50%) was lower than that in the control group (20.00%), with a statistically significant difference.
Conclusion: Fracture upper limb fixator shows various benefits in first aid of upper limb fractures, such as improving the clinical efficacy of patients with upper limb fractures, ameliorating pain, improving fitness effect, and reducing the probability of complications.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7097
How to cite this: Xiong L, Le J, Zhao C, Yuan R, Yang M, Shen H. Clinical application of upper limb fracture fixator in emergency treatment of upper limb fracture. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7097
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Value of Cardiac Troponin, Myoglobin Combined with Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein Detection in Diagnosis of Early Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sun Jian-hua , Liu Xiao-kun , Xing Xiao-wei , Yang Yang , Xuan Hui-hong , Fu Bin-bin 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate the value of cardiac troponin(cTn), myoglobin(Myo) combined with heart-type fatty acid-binding protein(H-FABP) detection in the diagnosis of early acute myocardial infarction(AMI).
Methods: This study was a clinical comparative study. Eighty patients with AMI hospitalized in Tangshan Workers’ Hospital were selected as study group, and another 80 individuals receiving normal physical examination were selected as control group from September 20, 2021 to September 20, 2022. The concentrations of cTn, Myo and H-FABPP, diagnostic indicators, the sensitivity and specificity of combined diagnosis, as well as the diagnostic efficacy for AMI were compared between the two groups.
Results: The levels of cTn, Myo and H-FABPP in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P= 0.00). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cTn, Myo and H-FABP were all relevant indicators for AMI. H-FABP alone has better diagnostic efficacy for AMI. The area under the curve of their combined detection, the specificity, and the sensitivity were higher than those of cTn, Myo and H-FABP alone, indicating that their combined application has the best diagnostic efficiency. cTn, Myo and H-FABP levels were positively correlated with Glu, TC, LDL-C and hs-CRP levels(P< 0.01), while negatively correlated with HDL level(P< 0.01).
Conclusions: The combined detection of cardiac markers such as cTn, Myo and H-FABP presents higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of AMI compared with any single detection, and can provide better data support for the definite diagnosis of AMI, with high clinical application value.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7101
How to cite this: Sun J, Liu X, Xing X, Yang Y, Xuan H, Fu B. Value of Cardiac Troponin, Myoglobin Combined with Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein Detection in Diagnosis of Early Acute Myocardial Infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7101
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevalence of visual dysfunction and ocular motility disorders in developmentally delayed patients
Authors: Chaudhary Dr Muhammad Ajmal , Ajmal Chaudhary Muhammad , Nishat Bukhari Muhammad , Ahmed Naima 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of reduced visual acuity (VA), refractive errors (RE), reduced contrast sensitivity and strabismus in developmentally delayed (DD) patients.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Ophthalmology Departments of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, The Children’s Hospital, Lahore and The Children’s Hospital, Multan from June 2019 to December 2019. We recruited 257 patients of either gender, between the ages of 06-16 years having intelligence quotient (IQ) ≤ 80 by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) from the out-patient departments. Detailed systemic and ophthalmic history was taken and through anterior and posterior segment examination was carried out. VA was assessed with age matched VA charts. Cycloplegic refraction with 1% cyclopentolate was carried out. Contrast sensitivity was measured with hiding Heidi charts. Strabismus was assessed with Hirschberg and covers /uncover tests.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 8.88 years with standard deviation (SD) of ± 2.70. The prevalence of reduced VA, RE, strabismus and reduced contrast sensitivity in these children were 43.58%, 52.92%, 52.14% and 32.7% respectively. Out of these 52.92% RE, 56 (21.79%) were myopic, 66 (25.68%) were hyperopic and 14 (05.45%) were astigmatic. The percentage of esotropia was 72 (28.02%) and exotropia was 62 (24.12%).
Conclusion: The results of our study in DD children have shown that a significant number of children have reduced VA, RE, strabismus and reduced contrast sensitivity. Apart from general management of DD children by a pediatrician, the ophthalmic management of these problems must be carried out by a pediatric ophthalmologist to improve their quality of life.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7328
How to cite this: Ajmal Ch M, Chaudhary MA, Bukhari MN, Ahmed N. Prevalence of visual dysfunction and ocular motility disorders in developmentally delayed patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7328
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Moya Moya Disease: A rare disease with a common presenting symptom in a chronic kidney disease patient
Authors: German Sidra , Bhatti Sajid Islam , Naqvi Rubina , Waqar Tajammul 
Published: September 2023

Moya Moya Disease (MDD) is a rare cerebrovascular pathology. It is non atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral internal carotid stenosis or occlusion, and abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Here we report a case of young female who presented in emergency with complaints of jerky movements of limbs for six months and history of recently developed unusual high blood pressure which was followed by uremic symptoms. Her workup revealed severe renal dysfunction required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) i.e., hemodialysis. During hospital stay her mental status deteriorated with a drop in GCS. Brain imaging performed and she found to have MMD. Her clinical course continued to deteriorate despite of extensive work up and aggressive management, she died eventually.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7953
How to cite this: German S, Bhatti SI, Naqvi R, Waqar T. Moya Moya Disease: A rare disease with a common presenting symptom in a chronic kidney disease patient . Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.6.7953
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.