bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of COVID-19 Public Health Measures On Mental Health in California
Authors: Mehrabadi Milad Asgari , Nurmi Erika L. , Borelli Jessica L. , Lambert Natalie , Rahmani Amir M. , Downs Charles A. , Pinto Melissa D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCalifornia was the first state to implement statewide public health measures, including lockdown and curfews, to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The implementation of these public health measures may have had unintended consequences related to mental health for persons in California. This study is a retrospective review of electronic health records of patients who sought care in the University of California Health System to examine changes in mental health status during the pandemic. Data were extracted prior to the pandemic (March-October 2019) and during the pandemic (March-October 2020). Weekly values of new mental health disorders were extracted and further classified based on age. Paired t-tests were performed to test for differences in the occurrence of each mental health disorder for each age group. A two-way ANOVA was performed to assess for between group differences. When compared with pre-pandemic diagnoses, persons aged 26-35 had the greatest increase in mental health diagnoses overall during the pandemic, specifically for anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, mood disturbance, and psychosis. The mental health of persons age 25-35 were more affected than any other age group.
Preliminary clinical characteristics of Pediatric Covid-19 cases during the ongoing Omicron XBB.1.16 driven surge in a north Indian city
Authors: Vashishtha Vipin M. , Kumar Puneet 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIndia is experiencing a new surge in Covid-19 cases in most parts of the country. A new sub-variant of Omicron, XBB.1.16 which is far more aggressive and immune evasive than other sub-lineages of Omicron, is responsible for this outbreak. In this preliminary account, we describe key clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected children, visiting an outdoor department of a pediatric hospital in a north Indian city. Our preliminary findings show a higher involvement of young infants than older children and mild respiratory illness predominates other presentations. One interesting finding was the presence of itchy, non-purulent conjunctivitis with mucoid discharge and stickiness of eyelids in 42.8% of positive infants. None of the children required hospitalization. All recovered with symptomatic treatment.Key findingsThe current ongoing XBB.1.16 driven surge of Covid-19 is causing mild febrile illness in children in IndiaYoung infants are disproportionately more affected than older children.Unlike the previous BA.2 Omicron wave, respiratory symptoms are predominating the clinical presentation in young infants in the ongoing surge.Conjunctival involvement is seen in 42.8% of affected infants.
The efficacy of an online behavioural intervention for improving dietary habits with a focus on self-compassion, goal-setting and self-monitoring: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rahimi-Ardabili Hania , Reynolds Rebecca Charlotte , Zwar Nicholas , Briggs Nancy , Vartanian Lenny R. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIssue addressedTo examine the efficacy of an online intervention that combined self-compassion with goal-setting and self-monitoring to improve dietary habits.MethodsAustralian adults with overweight and obesity were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. A 12-week online nutrition intervention that included self-compassion, goal-setting and self-monitoring compared to a control group who received nutrition information only. Measures assessed before and after the intervention included primary outcomes of self-compassion; eating pathology; depression, anxiety and stress; and dietary intake, and a secondary outcome of anthropometry (weight and body mass index). Analyses were completed by a series of 2 (time: pre- and post-intervention) by 2 (group: intervention and control) mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) using the ‘intention-to-treat’ approach.Results117 people (73 intervention, 44 control) participated; of those, 74 participants (35 intervention, 39 control) completed the intervention. The analysis of all 117 participants showed that some aspects of dietary intake improved in the intervention group but not in the control group (i.e. time*group interaction), including a decrease in energy intake (Coefficient=2139.23, p<0.001 vs Coefficient=169.29, p=0.82), carbohydrate intake (Coefficient=56.22, p=0.006 vs Coefficient=-9.43, p=0.71); and a marginal reduction (ps=0.06) in saturated fat intake and improvement in fruit scores.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the intervention could improve dietary habits. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, examine the efficacy of the intervention over a longer period, and determine the mechanism underlying these changes.So what? Online interventions that contain self-compassion, goal-setting and self-monitoring have the potential to promote healthy dietary habits.
B cell receptor analysis using single cell sequencing reveals preferential antibody expression in a HIV candidate vaccine study
Authors: Bassano Irene , Watson Simon , Malangone Cinzia , Pinder Christopher L. , Paschos Kostas , Cheeseman Hannah M. , Shattock Robin J. , Kellam Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that infects different cell types in the immune system. While different monoclonal antibodies have been identified, because of the antigenic diversity of HIV, defining broad neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) it has been very challenging. Using the 10x Chromium technology partitioning system, we performed single-cell sequencing of the B cell repertoire and analysed a cohort of 48 HIV-negative subjects randomised into 4 groups each receiving a different HIV vaccine regime to investigate the type of antibody response to each of the proteins in the vaccine groups, namely ConM SOSIP, EDC ConM SOSIP, ConS UFO and EDC ConS UFO. We recovered over >300,000 single cells and reconstructed full-length antibody heavy- and light-chain variable regions from individual memory B cells, plasmablasts, naïve B cells and activated B cells as well as retrieved their transcriptome profile to correctly separate the different populations within each individual. We identified seven clonotypes representing functional antibodies against vaccine candidate proteins. We reconstructed their phylogenetic tree and confirmed they were novel antibodies in response to HIV. These were mainly antibodies in response to two of the four protein candidates, namely ConS UFO and EDC ConS UFO.
A rapid review of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interventions that make homes warmer and cheaper to heat for households in fuel poverty in rural and remote areas
Authors: Edwards Deborah , Csontos Judit , Gillen Liz , Carrier Judith , Lewis Ruth , Cooper Alison , Edwards Adrian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cost-of-living across the UK has been on the increase since the start of 2021. Living in a rural community is often associated with additional costs compared to those in urban areas. For example, people living in rural areas are not always connected to the gas grid, often using oil and liquid petroleum gas for heating that are more expensive and not subjected to energy price caps. Moreover, housing in rural areas is generally older, not as well insulated and less energy efficient than houses in urban locations, leading to increased risk of fuel poverty. Home energy advice, energy efficiency measures, and financial support all have the potential to mitigate fuel poverty.The aim of this rapid evidence review was to determine the effectiveness of interventions that make homes warmer and cheaper to heat for households in fuel poverty in rural and remote areas.Fourteen studies and eight sources of grey literature were included in the review. The included studies and grey literature were published between 2007 and 2022.There was some evidence of effectiveness for interventions such as energy efficiency home improvements / retrofitting, home improvements (including replacing lightbulbs and electric heaters, external insulation, heating systems, loft insulation installing central heating), Welsh Government Arbed (home improvement and energy efficiency measures) and Nest (home improvements and advice) interventions, provision of energy and home energy advice, and referral for support and/or insulation measures or home improvements. Interventions such as social energy subsidies might not be effective in reducing fuel poverty, and energy efficient social housing was a more efficient method of alleviating fuel poverty. However, the certainty of the evidence is very low, primarily due to the study design and poor quality of the included studies.Policy makers and funding bodies need to make further investments into research focusing on measures to alleviate fuel poverty, with particular focus on economic analysis. There is a need for high quality, well-developed randomised controlled trials to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency measures and advice. Future research should investigate which interventions are the most effective in what types of housing in rural areas to help the targeting of interventions better.Funding statementThe Wales Centre For Evidence Based Care was funded for this work by the Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, itself funded by Health and Care Research Wales on behalf of Welsh Government.
Updated Results of 3,050 Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) Lesions in 1725 Patients Treated with High Resolution Dermal Ultrasound-Guided Superficial Radiotherapy, A Multi-institutional Study
Authors: Moloney Mairead , Kaczmarksi Peter , Zheng Songzhu , Malik Ariana , Ladd Daniel , Serure Donna , Yu Lio 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundImage-guided superficial radiation therapy (IGSRT) using a high resolution dermal ultrasound, is becoming an attractive non-surgical curative treatment option for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). We previously reported IGSRT treatment results from a multi-institutional study of 1616 patients with 2917 NMSC lesions (Yuet al. Oncol Ther 2021,https://doi.org/10.1007/s40487-021-00138-4) showing excellent local control (LC) of 99.3% with mean follow-up of 69.8 weeks (16.06 months).MethodsThis abstract analyzes an additional 93 patients with 133 lesions, updates previous findings with longer follow-up, using Kaplan-Meier statistics, and performs subgroup analysis. A total of 1709 patients with 3,050 Stage 0, I, and II NMSC lesions treated from 2017 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsLesions received a median of 20 fractions of 50, 70, or 100 kilovoltage(kV) IGSRT using image guidance. Average follow-up was 25.06 months (108.9 weeks) with a maximum follow up of 65.6 months (285.0 weeks) for the entire cohort. 68 patients expired from unrelated causes with no-evidence of disease (NED) at last follow-up prior to death, thus Disease-Free-Survival (DFS) was 100%. Overall, 3,027 of 3,050 lesions achieved an absolute LC of 99.2%. Overall absolute LC for BCC, SCC, and SCCis was 99.0%, 99.2%, and 99.8%, respectively. No additional late complications were found to date as of January 2022.DiscussionThese updated results demonstrate that IGSRT continues to achieve a high level of LC with low complication rates. IGSRT should be considered an attractive first-line option for the non-surgical treatment of NMSC.
Multi-organ imaging-derived polygenic indexes for brain and body health
Authors: Yang Xiaochen , Sullivan Patrick F. , Li Bingxuan , Fan Zirui , Ding Dezheng , Shu Juan , Guo Yuxin , Paschou Peristera , Bao Jingxuan , Shen Li , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Nave Gideon , Platt Michael L. , Li Tengfei , Zhu Hongtu , Zhao Bingxin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe UK Biobank (UKB) imaging project is a crucial resource for biomedical research, but is limited to 100,000 participants due to cost and accessibility barriers. Here we used genetic data to predict heritable imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) for a larger cohort. We developed and evaluated 4,375 IDP genetic scores (IGS) derived from UKB brain and body images. When applied to UKB participants who were not imaged, IGS revealed links to numerous phenotypes and stratified participants at increased risk for both brain and somatic diseases. For example, IGS identified individuals at higher risk for Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis, offering additional insights beyond traditional polygenic risk scores of these diseases. When applied to independent external cohorts, IGS also stratified those at high disease risk in the All of Us Research Program and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. Our results demonstrate that, while the UKB imaging cohort is largely healthy and may not be the most enriched for disease risk management, it holds immense potential for stratifying the risk of various brain and body diseases in broader external genetic cohorts.
In-silico modelling of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway in colorectal cancer: mutations and targeted therapy
Authors: Sommariva Sara , Berra Silvia , Biddau Giorgia , Caviglia Giacomo , Benvenuto Federico , Piana Michele 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTChemical reaction networks are powerful tools for computing the complex nature of cancer’s onset, progression, and therapy. The main reason for their effectiveness is in the fact that these networks can be rather naturally encoded as a dynamical system whose asymptotic solution mimics the proteins’ concentration profile at equilibrium. The paper relies on this mathematical approach to investigate global and local effects on the chemical reaction network of the colorectal cancer, triggered by partial and complete mutations occurring in its mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathway. Further, this same approach allowed the in-silico modelling and dosage of a multi-target therapeutic intervention that utilizes MAPK as its molecular target.
A whole nervous system atlas of glutamate receptors reveals distinct receptor roles in sensorimotor circuits
Authors: Borba Cezar , Kourakis Matthew J. , Miao Yishen , Guduri Bharath , Deng Jianan , Smith William C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA goal of connectomics is to reveal the links between neural circuits and behavior. Larvae of the primitive chordateCionaare well-suited to make contributions in this area. The small size of theCionalarval nervous system (∼180 neurons) has facilitated the full characterization of a connectome. In addition, the larvae display a range of behaviors that are readily quantified in both normal and manipulated larvae. Moreover, the small number of neurons allows for a neuron-by-neuron characterization of attributes such as neurotransmitter use. We present here a nervous system-wide atlas of glutamate receptor expression. Included in the atlas are both ionotropic receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and Kainate), and metabotropic receptors. The expression of these receptors is presented in the context of known circuits driving behaviors such as phototaxis, mechanosensation, and looming shadow response. The expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors, in particular, helps to resolve the apparently paradoxical coproduction of GABA and glutamate by some photoreceptors. We find that the targets of these photoreceptors, midbrain relay neurons, primarily express NMDA receptors in the absence of AMPA receptors. This is in agreement with previous results indicating that GABA is the primary neurotransmitter from the photoreceptors evoking a behavioral response (swimming) through a disinhibition mechanism. We hypothesize that NMDA receptors have a modulatory effect in the relay neurons. Other findings reported here are more unexpected. For example, the targets of glutamatergic epidermal sensory neurons (ESNs) do not express any of the ionotropic receptors, yet the ESNs themselves express metabotropic receptors. Thus, we speculate that their production of glutamate may be for communication with neighboring ESNs, rather than to their interneuron targets.
Vegetable oil surfactants are synergists that can bias neonicotinoid susceptibility testing in adult mosquitoes
Authors: Ashu Fred A. , Fouet Caroline , Ambadiang Marilene M. , Penlap-Beng Véronique , Kamdem Colince 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe standard operating procedure for testing the susceptibility of adult mosquitoes to clothianidin, a neonicotinoid, recommends using a vegetable oil ester as surfactant. However, it has not yet been determined if the surfactant is an inert ingredient or if it can act as a synergist and bias the test.Methodology/Principal FindingsUsing standard bioassays, we tested the synergistic effects of a vegetable oil surfactant on a spectrum of active ingredients including four neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) and two pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin). Three different formulations of linseed oil soap used as surfactant were far more effective than the standard insecticide synergist piperonyl butoxide in enhancing neonicotinoid activity inAnophelesmosquitoes. At the concentration used in the standard operating procedure (1% v/v), vegetable oil surfactants lead to more than 10-fold reduction in lethal concentrations, LC50and LC99, of clothianidin in a multi-resistant field population and in a susceptible strain ofAnopheles gambiae. At 1% or 0.5% (v/v), the surfactant restored susceptibility to clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid and increased mortality to acetamiprid from 43 ± 5.63% to 89 ± 3.25% (P<0.05) in resistant mosquitoes. By contrast, linseed oil soap had no effect on the level of resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin suggesting that the synergism of vegetable oil surfactants may be specific to neoniconoids.Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings indicate that vegetable oil surfactants are not inert ingredients in neonicotinoid formulations, and their synergistic effects undermine the ability of standard testing procedures to detect early stages of resistance.
Pregnancy and Parenthood in Surgical Training
Authors: Whitburn Jessica , Miah Saiful , Howles Sarah A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe pregnancy outcomes, rates of infertility, patterns of parental leave, and working schedules in surgical trainees in the United Kingdom.DesignCross sectional survey.SettingSurgical training programs in the United KingdomParticipantsFour hundred and sixteen individuals who were enrolled on a surgical training program between June 2022 and March 2023.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf-reported age, gender, infertility investigations, pregnancy loss, pregnancy-associated complications, live births, parental leave, and working patterns.ResultsApproximately half of all surgical trainees delayed attempting to have children due to training, over 80% regretted this decision and 23% of trainees had undergone fertility testing. Overall, childbearing surgical trainees experienced a pregnancy loss rate of 31%, and those aged less than 35 years had a pregnancy loss rate of 35%. A third of trainees did not take any time off work following pregnancy loss and over half of trainees did not disclose their loss to colleagues. Major pregnancy-associated complications occurred in 31% of pregnancies in surgical trainees, a significantly higher rate than pregnancies in a socio-demographically similar control group (9%, p=0.0001). Most trainees continued to work at night throughout their pregnancy and half continued to operate for more than 9 hours each week up until parental leave; trainees felt guilty for burdening their colleagues by reducing their workload. Childbearing surgical trainees on average took 10.2 months of parental leave whilst most non-childbearing surgical trainees took 2 weeks; two thirds of non-childbearing surgical trainees felt this was insufficient. After parental leave, 61% of childbearing and 15% of non-childbearing surgical trainees reduced their working hours to accommodate family life.ConclusionSurgical trainees often delay parenthood due to training and are at risk of high rates of infertility, pregnancy loss, and major pregnancy-associated complications. This study highlights the need for changes in surgical culture and training structures to improve obstetric health and facilitate family life for surgeons in training.
The effects of technological leapfrogging in transportation technologies in BRICS and G7 countries
Authors: Silva João Paulo Nascimento , de Oliveira Cledison Carlos , Pedrosa Gabriel , Grutzmann André 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the technological, economic and environmental impacts of disruptive innovations in the transportation mobility market.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper gathered data from World Bank and 13 open sources in an exploratory, descriptive and applied investigation on potentially disruptive transport innovations outcomes in G7 and BRICS (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa) economies, businesses and societies.

Findings
The results suggest positive implications for technological leapfrogging of electric vehicles (EV), autonomous vehicles (AVs) and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOLs), such as gains in energy consumption, infrastructure improvement, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, economic growth and the opportunity for new disruptive technologies to improve or even revolutionize the transportation ecosystem.

Research limitations/implications
This study has clear limitations as it compares G7 and BRICS hypothetical scenarios where internal combustion vehicles were replaced by new technologies, ceteris paribus. Even so, as theoretical implications, the study presents market scenarios for EVs, AVs and eVTOLs technologies, bringing benefits to the disruptive innovation theory by expanding the understanding of the subject and also opening avenues of investigation by exploring new technological, economic and environmental possibilities.

Practical implications
This study emphasises potentially disruptive technologies’ technological, economic and sustainable benefits to countries through technological leapfrogging. The organizations can delve into results to investigate forthcoming markets and seek advantageous positions. Economic and social gains from leapfrogging could motivate government bodies to finance research focusing on EVs, AVs and eVTOLs diffusion.

Originality/value
The paper’s originality resides in aggregating multiple data sources to compare technological leapfrogging in G7 and BRICS transportation. The different views allowed for exploring the potential outcomes of EVs, AVs and eVTOLs on economic, sustainability and market dimensions in developed and developing countries.