bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray self-emission imaging with spherically bent Bragg crystals on the Z-machine
Authors: Harding E. C. , Robertson G. K. , Dunham G. S. , Gomez M. R. , Fein J. R. , Knapp P. F. , Harvey-Thompson A. J. , Speas C. S. , Ampleford D. J. , Rochau G. A. , Doron R. , Maron Y. 
Published: August 2023

An x-ray imaging scheme using spherically bent crystals was implemented on the Z-machine to image x rays emitted by the hot, dense plasma generated by a Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) target. This diagnostic relies on a spherically bent crystal to capture x-ray emission over a narrow spectral range (&lt;15 eV), which is established by a limiting aperture placed on the Rowland circle. The spherical crystal optic provides the necessary high-throughput and large field-of-view required to produce a bright image over the entire, one-cm length of the emitting column of a plasma. The average spatial resolution was measured and determined to be 18 µm for the highest resolution configuration. With this resolution, the radial size of the stagnation column can be accurately determined and radial structures, such as bifurcations in the column, are clearly resolved. The success of the spherical-crystal imager has motivated the implementation of a new, two-crystal configuration for identifying sources of spectral line emission using a differential imaging technique.
Twinning microstructure in the solid-phase epitaxial crystallization of BaTiO3
Authors: Platten Sophia F. , Liu Rui , Sauyet Theodore , Williams Turner J. , Savage Donald E. , Sheikh Md Sariful , Dawber Matthew , Cai Zhonghou , Zhou Tao , Babcock Susan E. , Evans Paul G. 
Published: August 2023

Amorphous BaTiO3 layers deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates at room temperature were subsequently crystallized using solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Heating an initially amorphous BaTiO3 layer in air at 650 °C for 3 h resulted in crystallization with components in two distinct crystallographic orientation relationships with respect to the substrate. Part of the volume of the BaTiO3 layer crystallized in a cube-on-cube relationship with the substrate. Other volumes crystallized in four variants of a 70.5° rotation about ⟨110⟩, resulting in a ⟨221⟩ surface normal in each case. Each of these four variants forms a Σ = 3 coincident site lattice with respect to the SrTiO3 substrate and the cube-on-cube oriented BaTiO3. Heating for the same duration and temperature in a reducing gas atmosphere resulted in the formation of polycrystalline BaTiO3 with no preferred crystallographic orientation. The dependence on the gas atmosphere indicates that it may be possible to tune the annealing time, temperature, and atmosphere to produce a single crystalline BTO on STO by SPE or produce a desired distribution of orientations.
Possible molecular states from interactions of charmed strange baryons*
Authors: Song 宋 Dan 丹 , Chen 陈 Shu 述 , Kong 孔 Shu-Yi 淑仪 , He 何 Jun 军 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate possible molecular states composed of two charmed strange baryons from the

interaction and their hidden-charm hidden-strange partners from the

interaction. With the aid of heavy quark chiral effective Lagrangians, the interactions of charmed strange baryons are described with light meson exchanges. The potential kernels are constructed and inserted into the quasipotential Bethe–Salpeter equation. The bound states are produced from most interactions considered, which suggests that strong attractions exist widely between the charmed strange baryons. Experimental search for these types of molecular states is suggested in future high-precision measurements.
Optical and X-Ray Studies of Marginal Contact Binary RW Dor Using TESS and XMM-Newton Observatories
Authors: Sriram K. , Mamatha Rani G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Marginal short-period contact binaries are important to understand as they pose a different physical scenario than the predicted theoretical model based on the thermal relaxation oscillation mechanism due to their shallow degree of contact. Here we present the optical and X-ray studies of a contact binary source RW Dor using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and XMM-Newton telescopes. For the first time we report the varying O’Connell effect and explain the asymmetry with a spot model. Based on the new times of minima, we make a robust estimate of the orbital period of the third body at 47.01 ∼ 0.52 yr with an eccentricity e = 0.21. We show that the period-decreasing trend observed in O − C variation can be explained by both conservative mass transfer from primary to secondary and AML via stellar wind. The X-ray luminosity exhibited by RW Dor did not vary significantly on three different occasions and was found to be about 3.34 × 1029 erg s−1. Assuming that the quiescent X-ray emission is emitted from an undisturbed loop structure, the loop size is estimated to be 0.6–1 × 1010 cm which is ≤Alfvén radius r
A ∼ 8 × 1010 cm.
Analytical model of non-uniform charge distribution within the gated region of GaN HEMTs
Authors: Al-Saman Amgad A. , Ryndin Eugeny A. , Zhang Xinchuan , Pei Yi , Lin Fujiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A physics-based analytical expression that predicts the charge, electrical field and potential distributions along the gated region of the GaN HEMT channel has been developed. Unlike the gradual channel approximation (GCA), the proposed model considers the non-uniform variation of the concentration under the gated region as a function of terminal applied voltages. In addition, the model can capture the influence of mobility and channel temperature on the charge distribution trend. The comparison with the hydrodynamic (HD) numerical simulation showed a high agreement of the proposed model with numerical data for different bias conditions considering the self-heating and quantization of the electron concentration. The analytical nature of the model allows us to reduce the computational and time cost of the simulation. Also, it can be used as a core expression to develop a complete physics-based transistor Ⅳ model without GCA limitation.
Dynamical theory of topological defects I: the multivalued solution of the diffusion equation
Authors: Romano Jacopo , Mahault Benoît , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Point-like topological defects are singular configurations that manifest in and out of various equilibrium systems with two-dimensional orientational order. Because they are associated with a nonzero circuitation condition, the presence of defects induces a long-range perturbation of the orientation landscape around them. The effective dynamics of defects is thus generally described in terms of quasi-particles interacting via the orientation field they produce, whose evolution in the simplest setting is governed by the diffusion equation. Because of the multivalued nature of the orientation field, its expression for a defect moving with an arbitrary trajectory cannot be determined straightforwardly and is often evaluated in the quasi-static approximation. Here, we instead derive the exact expression for the orientation created by multiple moving defects, which we find to depend on their past trajectories and thus to be nonlocal in time. Performing various expansions in relevant regimes, we demonstrate how improved approximations with respect to the quasi-static defect solution can be obtained. Moreover, our results lead to so far unnoticed structures in the orientation field of moving defects, which we discuss in light of existing experimental results.
Development of IoT portable device for saline water monitoring in Bang Kachao Area of Thailand
Authors: Anuwongpinit Thanavit , Sutthinoon Sakditat , Tanachaichoksirikun Pinit , Purahong Boonchana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This research developed a portable water salinity measurement device using internet of things technology to support farmers in Bang Kachao area in Samut Prakan province, Thailand, to select quality water for cultivation and consumption. The system hardware consists of a microcontroller ESP32 with a GPS module and an electrical conductivity sensor with an analog-to-digital conversion module for saline water measurement. This device can connect to an internet system via a Wi-Fi network and MQTT protocol to transmit the data of saline water value and measuring location to the cloud system. In the cloud system, the node-red system software is installed as a data gateway for device interfacing. In addition, a node-red dashboard is used to collect data from a portable device and previously installed water quality monitoring station for visualizing a portable device location and saline water data. This dashboard is a web page that allows people to monitor the water situation in the area that is suitable to use.
A study on the knowledge-based information system for evacuation situation awareness in the case of fire
Authors: Kim Yong Jun , Byun Yung-Cheol 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study is on designing a knowledge-based information system for evacuation situation awareness in case of fire. First, in the design of this system, various progress of urban fires was stored and learned in the database so that multiple fire situations could be recognized. In addition, it is to be actively applied to fire disaster prevention through the knowledge-based Fire Dynamics Simulator information system so that it can be actively used for situational information of evacuees and property protection. Moreover, this system is designed to reduce damage to human life and property in the event of a fire in a building, etc. For this purpose, fire extinguishment can be predicted based on building information such as structure and building materials. Natural disasters leading to significant fires can be prevented by predicting fire evolution between buildings. Damage to human life and property due to fire can be contained. This system is a knowledge-based information system that optimizes ubiquitous technologies. It can respond to minimize damage by periodically recognizing the situation of evacuees in case of fire and notifying the central control center of the problem.
Applicability of Weibull distribution in Generating Model for Evaluating Lifespan Closed Circuit Television System (CCTV)
Authors: Doungpan Satawat , Chatchavong Vanvisa , Janchitrapongvej Kanok 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
CCTV is an expedient tool for monitoring and investigating. Since it can record emergency and routine events in memory of the electronic circuit board. However, in the process of operating CCTV, it is necessary to carry out a sampling inspection on its lifetime to predicate its availability and reliability. According to previous literature, most of the parameter estimation methods used only one parameter estimation method, which is not sufficient for identifying two explicit parameters of Weibull distribution. Moreover, the bad parameter estimation method cannot achieve reliable analysis results. Therefore, this paper presented the four methods of estimation in both graphical and analytical methods for estimating parameters of Weibull distribution. These methods have measured the accuracy by using mean square error (MSE). In addition, the real data set confirmed that there is the Weibull distribution by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The simulation results found that the maximum likelihood method (MLM) can outperform the other estimator because it can provide a minimum MSE, there is an optimal parameter in which the shape is 4.3881 and the scale is 86.8207. Finally, the two optimal parameters are applied to real data sets of the CCTV. As a result, the optimal parameter fits with real data sets, and it can evaluate the lifespan of CCTV by using the mean time to failure (MTTF) as 6.6 years.
An investigation of performance and power efficiency for parallax background scrolling hardware written in high-level synthesis
Authors: Lee K , Yamawaki A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We are developing a game programming software library so that high-level synthesis, HLS, can automatically generate high-performance and low-power hardware modules. A mobile terminal with a user-available reconfigurable device like Field programmable gate array, FPGA, we have proposed will efficiently perform game application built in HLS-oriented game library instead of power-hungry software execution. The dynamic hardware reconfiguration on a single FPGA can execute many kinds of game applications. Our previous research has developed software description methods for two-background scrolling in HLS-oriented game programming library by using two methods. They are (1) Full-parallel equips plural physical ports loading background images individually making HLS hardware execute the entire process parallelly increasing the amount of hardware: (2) Semi-parallel shares the single port loading background images serially, suppressing the hardware growth while achieving moderate performance by overlapping operation phases. We investigate two methods about execution time and power efficiency on the parallax scrolling with 2 to 4 backgrounds. The execution times of full-parallel hardware at 100MHz clock frequency are constantly about 9.65 [ms] while those of semi-parallel are 28, 38 and 47 [ms]. The PC at 3.2 GHz shows 78, 98 and 105 [ms] respectively as well. The power efficiencies about the full-parallel estimated considering hardware enlargement are 167, 208 and 112 times compared to the software execution in the PC, while those of semi-parallel are 94, 88 and 75 times. This fact indicates that the full-parallel is better strategy for parallax background scrolling in this case although more hardware resource are invested.
Enhanced Technique for Prediction of Z-R Relationship in Tropical Region
Authors: Aziding Khairunnisa , Badron Khairayu , Basri Atikah Balqis , Ismail Ahmad Fadzil , Ahmad Yasser Asrul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Over the years, research has been directed to investigate radar as potential tools for estimating rain. The radar reflectivity is measured by comparing the location of the rain gauge and the associated vertical path at certain altitude. The latitude and longitude of the rain gauge is identified to pinpoint the exact associated location by using Rainbow®5 meteorological software. In this work, radar reflectivity was estimated by using S-band Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TWDR) data at Malaysian KLIA radar station. The rain gauge is owned by Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) at several locations within the vicinity of the radar. A technique to estimate the Z-R relationship by using radar reflectivity information and rainfall rate from rain gauge values is demonstrated in this article. Comparisons between radar reflectivity and actual rain gauge measurement is presented. Preliminary findings using available Z-R relation shows similar values with the actual measurement and suitable to be used in tropical climate country such as Malaysia.
Belle II status and prospects for studies of neutral currents
Authors: Bertacchi V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric electron-positron collider is a
substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. Belle II collected a
sample of 362 fb-1 at the Υ(4S) resonance between 2019 and 2022, with a
maximum peak luminosity of 4.7 × 1034 cm-2
s
-1. Belle II is currently
facing a long shutdown period, required for several upgrades of the detector and the
collider. Data taking will resume at the end of 2023. We report the recent measurements which
involve neutral current transitions in B meson decays. In particular, we present the current
status and future prospects for the branching fractions measurements of the radiative decays B →
K*γ and the fully inclusive B → Xsγ, the search for B
+ → K
+
νν̅
decays, the measurement of the branching fractions of B → J/ψ(→ℓℓ)K and B →
K
*
ℓℓ. Finally, we show the perspectives of the search for B → K
*
ττ and the
searches of lepton flavor violating channels B → K
(*)
ℓℓ', with ℓ = e, μ, τ.
Sea level rise already delays coastal commuters
Authors: Hauer Mathew E , Mueller Valerie , Sheriff Glenn 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although the most dire societal impacts of sea-level rise (SLR) typically manifest toward the end of the 21st century, many coastal communities face challenges in the present due to recurrent tidal flooding. Few studies have documented transportation disruptions due to tidal flooding in the recent past. Here, we address this issue by combining home and work locations for approximately 500 million commuters in coastal US counties from 2002 to 2017. We find tidal flooding delays coastal commuters by approximately 22 min per year in 2015–2017, increasing to between 200 and 650 min by 2060 under various SLR scenarios. Adjustments in residential and work locations reduce the growth in commuting delays for approximately 40% of US counties. For residents in coastal counties, SLR is not a distant threat—it is already lapping at their toes.
Attribution of 2022 early-spring heatwave in India and Pakistan to climate change: lessons in assessing vulnerability and preparedness in reducing impacts
Authors: Zachariah Mariam , Arulalan T , AchutaRao Krishna , Saeed Fahad , Jha Roshan , Dhasmana Manish Kumar , Mondal Arpita , Bonnet Remy , Vautard Robert , Philip Sjoukje , Kew Sarah , Vahlberg Maja , Singh Roop , Arrighi Julie , Heinrich Dorothy , Thalheimer Lisa , Marghidan Carolina Pereira , Kapoor Aditi , van Aalst Maarten , Raju Emmanuel , Li Sihan , Sun Jingru , Vecchi Gabriel , Yang Wenchang , Hauser Mathias , Schumacher Dominik L , Seneviratne Sonia I , Harrington Luke J , Otto Friederike E L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In March 2022, large parts over the north Indian plains including the breadbasket region, and southern Pakistan began experiencing prolonged heat, which continued into May. The event was exacerbated due to prevailing dry conditions in the region, resulting in devastating consequences for public health and agriculture. Using event attribution methods, we analyse the role of human-induced climate change in altering the chances of such an event. To capture the extent of the impacts, we choose March–April average of daily maximum temperature over the most affected region in India and Pakistan as the variable. In observations, the 2022 event has a return period of ∼1-in-100 years. For each of the climate models, we then calculate the change in probability and intensity of a 1-in-100 year event between the actual and counterfactual worlds for quantifying the role of climate change. We estimate that human-caused climate change made this heatwave about 1 °C hotter and 30 times more likely in the current, 2022 climate, as compared to the 1.2 °C cooler, pre-industrial climate. Under a future global warming of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, heatwaves like this are expected to become even more common (2–20 times more likely) and hotter (by 0 °C–1.5 °C) compared to now. Stronger and frequent heat waves in the future will impact vulnerable groups as conditions in some regions exceed limits for human survivability. Therefore, mitigation is essential for avoiding loss of lives and livelihood. Heat Action Plans have proved effective to help reduce heat-related mortality in both countries.
Atmospheric CO2 decline and the timing of CAM plant evolution
Authors: Sage Rowan F , Gilman Ian S , Smith J Andrew C , Silvera Katia , Edwards Erika J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
CAM photosynthesis is hypothesized to have evolved in atmospheres of low CO2 concentration in recent geological time because of its ability to concentrate CO2 around Rubisco and boost water use efficiency relative to C3 photosynthesis. We assess this hypothesis by compiling estimates of when CAM clades arose using phylogenetic chronograms for 73 CAM clades. We further consider evidence of how atmospheric CO2 affects CAM relative to C3 photosynthesis.

Results
Where CAM origins can be inferred, strong CAM is estimated to have appeared in the past 30 million years in 46 of 48 examined clades, after atmospheric CO2 had declined from high (near 800 ppm) to lower (&lt;450 ppm) values. In turn, 21 of 25 clades containing CAM species (but where CAM origins are less certain) also arose in the past 30 million years. In these clades, CAM is probably younger than the clade origin. We found evidence for repeated weak CAM evolution during the higher CO2 conditions before 30 million years ago, and possible strong CAM origins in the Crassulaceae during the Cretaceous period prior to atmospheric CO2 decline. Most CAM-specific clades arose in the past 15 million years, in a similar pattern observed for origins of C4 clades.

Conclusions
The evidence indicates strong CAM repeatedly evolved in reduced CO2 conditions of the past 30 million years. Weaker CAM can pre-date low CO2 and, in the Crassulaceae, strong CAM may also have arisen in water-limited microsites under relatively high CO2. Experimental evidence from extant CAM species demonstrates that elevated CO2 reduces the importance of nocturnal CO2 fixation by increasing the contribution of C3 photosynthesis to daily carbon gain. Thus, the advantage of strong CAM would be reduced in high CO2, such that its evolution appears less likely and restricted to more extreme environments than possible in low CO2.
Starch depletion in the xylem and phloem ray parenchyma of grapevine stems under drought
Authors: Prats Kyra A , Fanton Ana C , Brodersen Craig R , Furze Morgan E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) storage can support long-lived woody plants during abiotic stress, the timing and extent of their use are less understood, as are the thresholds for cell mortality as NSCs and water supplies are consumed. Here, we combine physiological and imaging tools to study the response of Vitis riparia to a 6-week experimental drought. We focused on the spatial and temporal dynamics of starch consumption and cell viability in the xylem and phloem of the stem. Starch dynamics were further corroborated with enzymatic starch digestion and X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging. Starch depletion in the stems of droughted plants was detected after 2 weeks and continued over time. We observed distinct differences in starch content and cell viability in the xylem and phloem. By the end of the drought, nearly all the starch was consumed in the phloem ray parenchyma (98 % decrease), and there were almost no metabolically active cells in the phloem. In contrast, less starch was consumed in the xylem ray parenchyma (30 % decrease), and metabolically active cells remained in the ray and vessel-associated parenchyma in the xylem. Our data suggest that the higher proportion of living cells in the phloem and cambium, combined with smaller potential NSC storage area, rapidly depleted starch, which led to cell death. In contrast, the larger cross-sectional area of the xylem ray parenchyma with higher NSC storage and lower metabolically active cell populations depleted starch at a slower pace. Why NSC source-sink relationships between xylem and phloem do not allow for a more uniform depletion of starch in ray parenchyma over time is unclear. Our data help to pinpoint the proximate and ultimate causes of plant death during prolonged drought exposure and highlight the need to consider the influence of within-organ starch dynamics and cell mortality on abiotic stress response.