bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term trends in the burden of edentulism in China over three decades: A Joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Qin Xiaofeng , He Jinan , He Haoyu , Yuan Xihua , Su Xiaohui , Zeng Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTo investigate secular trends in edentulism incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) rates in Chinese men and women from 1990 to 2019.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The age-period-cohort (APC) analysis estimated the independent age, period, and cohort effects.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the crude incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of edentulism in the Chinese population increased year by year, while the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLDs decreased, and the latter was higher in women than in men. The APC analysis showed that the age effect increased in men and women from age 20 to 74 and decreased thereafter. The risk of tooth loss increased with age. However, the relationship was not linear. The temporal effect showed a gradual increase; the risk of missing teeth gradually increased with the changing modern living environment. The cohort effect showed a single decreasing trend, with the early birth cohort having a higher risk of tooth loss than the later birth cohort population. The age, period, and cohort effects were consistent for both sexes.ConclusionAlthough the standardized incidence, prevalence, and YLD rate and cohort effect of dentition loss in China are declining, they are still causing a severe burden to China due to the continued aging of the population and the rising period effect. Despite the decreasing trends of the standardized incidence and prevalence of dentition loss and the rate of YLDs, China should develop more effective oral disease prevention and control strategies to reduce the increasing burden of edentulism in the older adult, especially in older women.
Female perspective: the burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in China from 1990 to 2019 and prediction of their prevalence up to 2044
Authors: Meng Wenxin , Xie Jinping , Yuan Ni , Liu Pingyu , Yang Fan , Jiang Rong , Hua Hui 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundDementia is more prevalent in women than in men across the world, and sex differences are reflected in the burden of dementia borne by women and men. However, a few studies have specifically analyzed the disease burden of dementia in Chinese women.ObjectiveThis article aims to raise awareness of Chinese females with dementia (CFWD), outline an effective response to future trends in China from a female perspective, and provide a reference for the scientific formulation of dementia prevention and treatment policies in China.MethodsIn this article, epidemiological data on dementia in Chinese women were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and three risk factors, namely, smoking, a high body mass index, and a high fasting plasma glucose, were selected for the analysis. This article also predicted the burden of dementia in Chinese women in the next 25 years.ResultsThe prevalence of dementia, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year rates increased with age in CFWD in 2019. All three risk factors provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 showed positive correlations for the effect of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates on CFWD. Among them, a high body mass index had the greatest effect (8%) and smoking had the smallest effect (6.4%). Over the next 25 years, the number of CFWD and its prevalence are expected to be on the rise, while mortality is expected to remain relatively stable and decline slightly, but deaths from dementia will continue to increase.ConclusionsThe situation arising due to the spread of dementia among Chinese women in the future is going to become a serious issue. To reduce the burden of dementia, the Chinese government should prioritize its prevention and treatment. A multi-dimensional, long-term care system involving families, community, and hospitals should also be established and supported.
The use of innovative approaches to strengthen health system resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: case studies from selected Commonwealth countries
Authors: Mghamba Janneth , Gilmour Emily , Robinson Layne , Simba Azma , Tuyishime Albert , Persaud Anand , Mwansambo Charles , Somatunga Lakshmi , Werema Solomon , Mchwampaka Witness , Makundi Vida , Remedius Kakulu , Ronjiono Fidelis , Mutayoba Beatrice , Dushime Theophile , Rwagasore Edison , Byiringiro Baptiste , Mugumya Sylvere , Muvunyi Claude , Anthony Frank , Singh Narine , Wu Joseph Tsung-Shu , Yosefe Simeon , Dube Queen , Mayakaduwa Nimdinu , Wadugedara Rangana 
Published: April 2023

This article is part of the Research Topic ‘Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID-19 and Protracted Conflict’.The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerabilities and limitations of many health systems and underscored the need for strengthening health system resilience to make and sustain progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC), global health security and healthier populations in tandem. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Commonwealth countries have been practicing a combination of innovative integrated approaches and actions to build health systems resilience. This includes utilizing digital tools, improvements in all-hazard emergency risk management, developing multisectoral partnerships, strengthening surveillance and community engagement. These interventions have been instrumental in strengthening national COVID-19 responses and can contribute to the evidence-base for increasing country investment into health systems resilience, particularly as we look toward COVID-19 recovery. This paper gives perspectives of five Commonwealth countries and their overall responses to the pandemic, highlighting practical firsthand experiences in the field. The countries included in this paper are Guyana, Malawi, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania. Given the diversity within the Commonwealth both in terms of geographical location and state of development, this publication can serve as a useful reference for countries as they prepare their health systems to better absorb the shocks that may emerge in future emergencies.
Transition of care from hospital to home for older people with chronic diseases: a qualitative study of older patients' and health care providers' perspectives
Authors: Sun Mengjie , Qian Yumeng , Liu Lamei , Wang Jianan , Zhuansun Mengyao , Xu Tongyao , Rosa Ronnell Dela 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTransitional care is a critical area of care delivery for older adults with chronic illnesses and complex health conditions. Older adults have high, ongoing care needs during the transition from hospital to home due to certain physical, psychological, social, and caregiving burdens, and in practice, patients' needs are not being met or are receiving transitional care services that are unequal and inconsistent with their actual needs, hindering their safe, healthy transition. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of older adults and health care providers, including older adults, about the transition of care from hospital to home for older patients in one region of China.ObjectiveTo explore barriers and facilitators in the transition of care from hospital to home for older adults in China from the perspectives of older patients with chronic diseases and healthcare professionals.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on a semi-structured approach. Participants were recruited from November 2021 to October 2022 from a tertiary and community hospital. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 20 interviews were conducted with 10 patients and 9 medical caregivers, including two interviews with one patient. The older adult/adults patients included 4 men and 6 women with an age range of 63 to 89 years and a mean age of 74.3 ± 10.1 years. The medical caregivers included two general practitioners and seven nurses age range was 26 to 40 years with a mean age of 32.8 ± 4.6 years. Five themes were identified: (1) attitude and attributes; (2) better interpersonal relationships and communication between HCPs and patients; (3) improved Coordination of Healthcare Services Is Needed; (4) availability of resources and accessibility of services; and (5) policy and environment fit. These themes often serve as both barriers and facilitators to older adults' access to transitional care.ConclusionsGiven the fragmentation of the health care system and the complexity of care needs, patient and family-centered care should be implemented. Establish interconnected electronic information support systems; develop navigator roles; and develop competent organizational leaders and appropriate reforms to better support patient transitions.
Coping with COVID: Performance of China’s hierarchical medical system during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Yong , Huang Lieyu , Yan Hao , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth , Bai Qian , Shi Xuefeng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the health system worldwide. This study aimed to assess how China’s hierarchical medical system (HMS) coped with COVID-19 in the short-and medium-term. We mainly measured the number and distribution of hospital visits and healthcare expenditure between primary and high-level hospitals during Beijing’s 2020–2021 pandemic relative to the 2017–2019 pre-COVID-19 benchmark period.MethodsHospital operational data were extracted from Municipal Health Statistics Information Platform. The COVID-19 period in Beijing was divided into five phases, corresponding to different characteristics, from January 2020 to October 2021. The main outcome measures in this study include the percentage change in inpatient and outpatient emergency visits, and surgeries, and changing distribution of patients between different hospital levels across Beijing’s HMS. In addition, the corresponding health expenditure in each of the 5 phases of COVID-19 was also included.ResultsIn the outbreak phase of the pandemic, the total visits of Beijing hospitals declined dramatically, where outpatient visits fell 44.6%, inpatients visits fell 47.9%; emergency visits fell 35.6%, and surgery inpatients fell 44.5%. Correspondingly, health expenditures declined 30.5% for outpatients and 43.0% for inpatients. The primary hospitals absorbed a 9.51% higher proportion of outpatients than the pre-COVID-19 level in phase 1. In phase 4, the number of patients, including non-local outpatients reached pre-pandemic 2017–2019 benchmark levels. The proportion of outpatients in primary hospitals was only 1.74% above pre-COVID-19 levels in phases 4 and 5. Health expenditure for both outpatients and inpatients reached the baseline level in phase 3 and increased nearly 10% above pre-COVID-19 levels in phases 4 and 5.ConclusionThe HMS in Beijing coped with the COVID-19 pandemic in a relatively short time, the early stage of the pandemic reflected an enhanced role for primary hospitals in the HMS, but did not permanently change patient preferences for high-level hospitals. Relative to the pre-COVID-19 benchmark, the elevated hospital expenditure in phase 4 and phase 5 pointed to hospital over-treatment or patient excess treatment demand. We suggest improving the service capacity of primary hospitals and changing the preferences of patients through health education in the post-COVID-19 world.
Keeping obesity status is a risk factor of hypertension onset: evidence from a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China
Authors: Cai Qiujing , Zhao Xiaolei , Dong Liguang , Zhang Xinmin , Wang Chenglong , Wang Shu , Zhou Yi , Zhou Xianliang , Li Yanqi , Wang Shuyu , Liu Lisheng , Hu Aihua 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to investigate the association of obesity status change with hypertension onset based on a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 3,581 individuals free of hypertension at baseline in the first survey (2011–2012). All participants were followed up (2018–2019). According to the criteria, a total of 2,618 individuals were collected for analysis. We used adjusted Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to estimate the association between obesity status change and hypertension onset. Additionally, we applied the forest plot to visualize the subgroup analysis including age, gender, and the differences in some variables between baseline and follow-up. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the stability of our results.ResultsOver nearly 7 years of follow-up, a total of 811 (31%) developed hypertension. The new hypertension incidence was mostly observed in those who were obese all the time (P for trend &lt; 0.01). In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, being obese all the time increased the risk of hypertension by 30.10% [HR 4.01 (95% CI 2.20–7.32)]. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed the change in obesity status as an important feature to predict the occurrence of hypertension. Sensitivity analysis shows a consistent trend between the change in obesity status and hypertension onset in all populations. Subgroup analysis showed that age above 60 years was an important risk factor for hypertension onset, that men were more likely than women to develop hypertension, and that weight control was beneficial in avoiding future hypertension in women. There were statistically significant differences in ΔBMI, ΔSBP, ΔDBP, and ΔbaPWV between the four groups, and all variables, except baPWV changes, increased the risk of future hypertension.ConclusionOur study shows that obese status was notably associated with a significant risk of hypertension onset among the Chinese community-based cohort.
Post-exercise rehydration: Comparing the efficacy of three commercial oral rehydration solutions
Authors: Peden Donald L. , Funnell Mark P. , Reynolds Kirsty M. , Kenefick Robert W. , Cheuvront Samuel N. , Mears Stephen A. , James Lewis J. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThis study compared the efficacy of three commercial oral rehydration solutions (ORS) for restoring fluid and electrolyte balance, after exercise-induced dehydration.MethodHealthy, active participants (N = 20; ♀ = 3; age ∼27 y, V˙O2peak ∼52 ml/kg/min) completed three randomised, counterbalanced trials whereby intermittent exercise in the heat (∼36°C, ∼50% humidity) induced ∼2.5% dehydration. Subsequently, participants rehydrated (125% fluid loss in four equal aliquots at 0, 1, 2, 3 h) with a glucose-based (G-ORS), sugar-free (Z-ORS) or amino acid-based sugar-free (AA-ORS) ORS of varying electrolyte composition. Urine output was measured hourly and capillary blood samples collected pre-exercise, 0, 2 and 5 h post-exercise. Sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in urine, sweat, and blood were determined.ResultsNet fluid balance peaked at 4 h and was greater in AA-ORS (141 ± 155 ml) and G-ORS (101 ± 195 ml) than Z-ORS (−47 ± 208 ml; P ≤ 0.010). Only AA-ORS achieved positive sodium and chloride balance post-exercise, which were greater for AA-ORS than G-ORS and Z-ORS (P ≤ 0.006), as well as for G-ORS than Z-ORS (P ≤ 0.007) from 1 to 5 h.Conclusionwhen provided in a volume equivalent to 125% of exercise-induced fluid loss, AA-ORS produced comparable/superior fluid balance and superior sodium/chloride balance responses to popular glucose-based and sugar-free ORS.
Case report: Endoscopic closure with double stenting and autologous fascia lata graft of large tracheo-esophageal fistula
Authors: Mattioli Francesco , Serafini Edoardo , Andreani Alessandro , Cappiello Gaia , Marchioni Daniele , Pinelli Massimo , Tonelli Roberto , Clini Enrico , Marchioni Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionRadiotherapy and esophageal stenting are usually employed to manage esophageal localization of distant cancer. However, they are also related to the occurrence of an increased risk of tracheoesophageal fistula. Tracheoesophageal fistula management in these patients involves dealing with poor general conditions and short-term prognosis. This paper presents the first case in literature of bronchoscopic fistula closure through an autologous fascia lata graft placement between two stents.Case report and aimA 67-years-old male patient was diagnosed with pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in the inferior lobe of the left lung with mediastinal lymph node metastasis. After a multidisciplinary discussion, bronchoscopic repair of tracheoesophageal fistula with autologous fascia lata was decided without the removal of the esophageal stent due to the high risk on the esophagus possibly related to such a procedure. Oral feeding was progressively introduced without the development of aspiration symptoms. Videofluoroscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed at 7 months showing no signs of tracheoesophageal fistula patency.ConclusionThis technique might represent a low risks viable option for patients unsuitable for open surgical approaches.
Biological Activity of Four Trichoderma Species Confers Protection against Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal Agent of Cucumber Damping-Off and Root Rot Diseases
Authors: Almaghasla Mustafa I. , El-Ganainy Sherif Mohamed , Ismail Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: April 2023

The cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) is often subjected to several fungal diseases. Rhizoctonia solani-induced cucumber damping-off and root rot are the most common diseases reported from the commercial greenhouses of the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The objective of the current study is to explore the antagonistic activity of four Trichoderma species against R. solani in vitro and in vivo. Ten R. solani isolates (eight belonging to AG-4 and two belonging to AG-A and AG2-1) were studied. AG4 isolates were pathogenic to cucumber plants, while AG-A and AG2-1 isolates were non-pathogenic. Seven isolates of Trichoderma spp., named T. hamatum KSATR8, T. harzianum (KSATR9 and KSATR10), T. asperellum (KSATR11, KSATC, and KSAT1E), and T. longibrachiatum KSATS were isolated, and the identities of both R. solani and Trichoderma isolates were confirmed based on the phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of the ITS region. The dual culture findings indicated that T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E exhibited the most significant inhibitory activities against R. solani, with values of 79.33 and 70.89%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a considerable degradation in the cell wall and collapsing of R. solani hyphae by all Trichoderma species. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E at concentrations of 2 × 108 conidia/mL revealed a reduction in root rot and damping-off incidence percentages with values that did not reveal a significant (p < 0.05) difference from those of Rizolex-T fungicide. Nevertheless, the efficacy of the fungicide attained 86.67%, being higher than that of T. asperellum KSATC, which reached 80%. Trichoderma asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E were the greatest in increasing peroxidase, catalase, and chitinase enzymes activities in cucumber plants. Conversely, a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in polyphenol oxidase enzyme (0.762 and 0.97 U/g FW) and total phenol content (0.55 and 0.62 mg/g FW) was recorded in cucumber plants treated with T. harzianum KSATR9 and KSATR10, respectively. The statistical analysis results displayed no considerable variations among cucumber plants regarding total chlorophyll content as a response to treatments with Trichoderma species and fungicides. Therefore, we endorse using T. asperellum KSATC and KSAT1E as an alternative to fungicides to manage root rot and damping-off in cucumbers.
The colorization of Greek classic films as intersemiotic translation
Authors: Neofotistos Dimitris 
Published: April 2023

Intersemiotic translation constitutes a field of research and application including those of different modes of expression and substance transmis-sion from one text to another. According to Torop (2000) different types of texts such as films, and comics function as signification systems submitted into different translation processes either intra- or extratextual (intralin-guistic or intersemiotic as referred by Jakobson [1959]) to serve a different kind of media communication. It is well known that the textual nature of film is ascertained by specific elements such as sound, episodes, montage including color which as a medium (“color means” as stated by Kress & van Leuween [2002]) plays a very important role in the transfer of meaning ventured by film makers. In this paper I will attempt to designate the role of color as a mode of new signification through the application of colorization in two classic Greek black and white films. I will examine the films “And let the wife fear her husband” («Η δε γυνή να φοβήται τον άνδρα») and “A mess” («Της κακομοίρας») both classified in the classic Greek cinema period (1940–1970) and very popular with the Greek public. Film colorization was a widespread technique in the ‘80s in the United States and lately in Greece, not always well received due to film forgery reasons, as maintained by fans. In this paper I will try to explain how film colorization works as intersemi-otic translation and what is the new meaning acquired for the public by this procedure in the two films examined in the corpus.
Valorizando a sensorialidade de produtos cosméticos atráves de claims
Authors: De Oliveira Allyne Ferreira , Franco Fabiana Luiza dos Santos , Pinto Celso Alexandre Abreu 
Published: April 2023

Introdução: Os claims sensoriais podem ser usados de forma a valorizar os benefícios de um produto ao comunicar sua experiência de forma objetiva e ressaltar o que mais se destaca em sua performance. Uma das formas de suporte de claims é através de dados obtidos por painéis treinados nos quais muitas vezes temos já disponíveis / previstos durante o desenvolvimento de produtos. Objetivo: Propor um formato pró ativo de recomendação de claims sensoriais, baseado nos resultados pré existentes em painel treinado, maximizando dessa forma os resultados obtidos e a sinceridade na comunicação.
Metodologia: Workshop conduzido internamente baseado em dados sensoriais de painel treinado, comparativo versus range Top Seller de mercado e entendimento da expectativa da categoria, maturidade do mercado, rotina da consumidora com base na categoria analisada. Resultados: Uma análise comparativa pode ser realizada entre o perfil sensorial de um produto de interesse contrastado com uma base de dados específica que normalmente contempla produtos líderes de venda da categoria em questão. Dessa forma, foi possível entender quais atributos específicos de uma determinada formula foi valorizado por atingir intensidades diferenciadas, ou na média do mercado, e contrastá-las a expectativa das consumidoras. Conclusão: Conclui-se, portanto, que o produto avaliado apresenta diferenciais quando comparado aos produtos mais vendidos do mercado através de atributos relevantes para os consumidores da categoria e, baseado nestas informações, criados claims genuínos sobre a performance / eficácia do produto. Nenhum outro teste necessitou ser feito posteriormente uma vez que os claims foram criados baseados em dados existentes no painel sensorial treinado e em testes de consumidor já previsto durante o desenvolvimento do produto.