bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cations make a difference: Soil nutrient patches and fine‐scale root abundance of individual species in a mountain grassland
Authors: Skálová Hana , Jandová Kateřina , Balšánková Tereza , Hadincová Věroslava , Krahulec František , Pecháčková Sylvie , Krak Karol , Herben Tomáš 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Root densities in the field vary at the centimetre scale, but we have no information on whether this variation is linked to the variation in nutrient concentrations and availability. Roots of many species are able to proliferate in nutrient‐rich patches in controlled conditions in culture, but because data on nutrient concentrations and, in particular, on their temporal stability in the field are scarce, we do not know to what extent root distribution in the soil bears traces of such a response.

Here, we linked centimetre‐scale measurements of soil nutrient concentrations over 6 weeks with estimation of root biomass and its species composition at the same points to determine whether there is any association between the two. In addition to phosphorus, nitrate and ammonium, we determined the concentrations of metal cations (magnesium, calcium and potassium). We used qPCR to determine the quantities of individual species in the root biomass samples.

We found that calcium and magnesium (and to a lesser degree phosphorus and potassium) showed fine‐scale patchiness that was stable throughout the study (6 weeks) and was consistent over all these elements. Nutrient patches were associated with high root biomass and the occurrence of roots of several species. Such patches are formed primarily by elements with known low mobility in soil (cations, phosphorus). In contrast, nitrogen ions showed overwhelmingly high temporal variation with no relationship between root density and nitrogen concentration.

Soil nutrient concentrations, thus, constitute a multidimensional signal. Some elements strongly vary in time, while some are much more stable and, thus, form stable patches that permit root response over periods of weeks or months. Among them, calcium and magnesium play an important role in forming soil heterogeneity at a scale comparable with the scale at which fine root densities also vary. As these cations affect a number of plant functions, their association with higher root densities confirms their role in the growth dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems.

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Different while being similar: The dual institutional process and differential organizational status
Authors: Zhao Wei , Ge Jianhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConnecting the neoinstitutional theory with Bourdieu's field theory, we develop a framework on the dual institutional process of integration and differentiation in a field. While the neoinstitutional theory has focused on similar organizational structures, we shift the research focus to offer an institutional explanation of differential organizational status. Drawing insights from Bourdieu's theory and key concepts, we highlight that the very institutional mechanisms causing isomorphism—regulative forces, normative pressures, and cognitive processes—also generate systematic status differentiation among organizations via their different levels of capital, homologous structures, and various habitus in a field. Our extended framework has theoretical significance in advancing the neoinstitutional theory, the research of status in organizational and economic sociology, and the Bourdieusian perspective. By theorizing status differentiation among organizations, it also adds an important dimension to enrich our understanding of multilevel status and social hierarchies.
How important are semi‐annual earnings announcements? An information event perspective
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Tong Alex 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUsing a method that avoids the need to specify earnings expectations, we demonstrate that the period surrounding the semi‐annual announcement of Australian firms' earnings is, on average, an important source of information. Although there is substantial year‐to‐year variation, we observe no evidence of any significant time trend, and also conclude that a shift from Australian domestic generally accepted accounting principle to International Financial Reporting Standards did not impact the association between earnings announcement windows and stock returns. We also find no evidence that the informativeness of earnings announcements varies systematically with firm size, analyst following or economic news (i.e., positive vs. negative stock returns, profits vs. losses), although we do observe significant variation across industries. Our conclusion is further supported by contrasting the earnings release date with the days immediately prior to release, or high information days other than earnings announcement windows. Using a more precise event window relative to prior studies (i.e., 3 h vs. 3 days), we confirm that earnings announcements contain significant new information about fundamentals.
The management of clinically suspicious para‐aortic lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Chen Michelle Zhiyun , Tay Yeng Kwang , Prabhakaran Swetha , Kong Joseph C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApproximately 1%–2% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop para‐aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases, which are typically considered markers of systemic disease, and are associated with a poor prognosis. The utility of PALN dissection (PALND) in patients with CRC is of ongoing debate and only small‐scale retrospective studies have been published on this topic to date. This systematic review aimed to determine the utility of resecting PALN metastases with the primary outcome measure being the difference in survival outcomes following either surgical resection or non‐resection of these metastases. A comprehensive systematic search was undertaken to identify all English‐language papers on PALND in the PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases. The search results identified a total of 12 eligible studies for analysis. All studies were either retrospective cohort studies or case series. In this systematic review, PALND was found to be associated with a survival benefit when compared to non‐resection. Metachronous PALND was found to be associated with better overall survival as compared to synchronous PALND, and the number of PALN metastases (2 or fewer) and a pre‐operative carcinoembryonic antigen level of <5 was found to be associated with a better prognosis. No PALND‐specific complications were identified in this review. A large‐scale prospective study needs to be conducted to definitively determine the utility of PALND. For the present, PALND should be considered within a multidisciplinary approach for patients with CRC, in conjunction with already established treatment regimens.
Hypocarbia is associated with adverse outcomes in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE)
Authors: Devi Usha , Pullattayil Abdul Kareem , Chandrasekaran Manigandan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimHypocarbia in the early postnatal period might exacerbate brain injury in babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy following birth asphyxia. This mini‐review summarised studies on pCO2 values that were monitored periodically in term newborns with moderate/severe hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy and correlated with short or long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), web of science and the Cochrane Library and identified nine studies.ResultsAmong the nine included studies, therapeutic hypothermia was administered in seven studies. In most studies, blood pCO2 levels were measured from birth till 72 h of life or till the endpoint of therapeutic hypothermia. Eight studies showed that any hypocarbia (moderate or severe, or cumulative) was associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in the form of brain injury in MRI, death or neurodevelopmental disability.ConclusionHypocarbia could lead to adverse short‐term and long‐term outcomes despite therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with HIE. Hence, it is vital to monitor pCO2 levels closely in these infants and consider strategies to maintain pCO2 levels in the normal range.
Metabolomic identification of predictive and early biomarkers of cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury in adult head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Lim Yong Jin , Xiu Steven G. , Kuruvilla M. Sara , Winquist Eric , Welch Stephen , Black Morgan , Faught Lauren N. , Lee Jasmine , Rieder Michael J. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. , Zappitelli Michael , Urquhart Bradley L. 
Published: January 2023

AimCisplatin causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in approximately one third of patients. Serum creatinine and urinary output are poor markers of cisplatin‐induced AKI. Metabolomics was utilized to identify predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin‐induced AKI.MethodsThirty‐one adult head and neck cancer patients receiving cisplatin (dose ≥70 mg/m2) were recruited for metabolomics analysis. Urine and serum samples were collected prior to cisplatin (pre), 24–48 h after cisplatin (24–48 h) and 5–14 days (post) after cisplatin. Based on serum creatinine concentrations measured at the post timepoint, 11/31 patients were classified with clinical AKI. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS).ResultsMetabolic discrimination was observed between “AKI” patients and “no AKI” patients at all timepoints. Urinary glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were significantly different between AKI patients and no AKI patients prior to cisplatin infusion. Urinary glycine and hippuric acid sulfate were lower (−2.22‐fold and −8.85‐fold), whereas 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were higher (3.62‐fold and 1.91‐fold) in AKI patients relative to no AKI patients. Several urine and serum metabolites were found to be altered 24–48 h following cisplatin infusion, particularly metabolites involved with mitochondrial energetics.ConclusionsWe propose glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3‐hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate as predictive biomarkers of predisposition to cisplatin‐induced AKI. Metabolites indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as early markers of subclinical AKI.
Prognostic value of nuclear morphometry in myxoid liposarcoma
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Kohashi Kenichi , Iwasaki Takeshi , Yamamoto Takeo , Ishihara Shin , Toda Yu , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Nakashima Yasuharu , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMyxoid liposarcoma (MLS) accounts for 20%‐30% of liposarcoma and the round cell component (RCC) is believed to be a specific poor prognostic factor. However, the RCC assessment criteria are vaguely defined and, therefore, are inconsistently employed by pathologists. In this study, we modified and applied two established grading systems to evaluate nuclear atypia (namely, the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology and the Fuhrman grading in renal cell carcinoma) in 64 MLS cases. Detailed software‐based assessments of the morphology and the cellularity were performed. DNA mutation analysis, comprehensive mRNA expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry were also performed. Our findings revealed that the high–nuclear‐grade group according to the modified Fuhrman grading system exhibited a significantly poor disease‐free survival (hazard ratio: 4.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.9‐22.6; p = 0.047). On the other hand, the cellularity was significantly higher in the modified Fuhrman high‐grade group (p = 0.010 at the percentage of the hypercellular area; p = 0.003 at the maximum cell density) but did not qualify per se as a poor prognostic factor in the survival analyses. Furthermore, the modified Fuhrman high‐grade group significantly expressed the cell cycle–related genes (such as FOXM1, PLK1, and CDK1). In conclusion, our analyses suggest that an evaluation focusing on nuclear morphology (rather than on cellular density) can be more reliable in predicting the MLS prognosis.
Prioritizing species conservation programs based on IUCN Green Status and estimates of cost‐sharing potential
Authors: Lloyd Natasha A. , Keating Laura M. , Friesen Alyssa J. , Cole Dylan M. , McPherson Jana M. , Akçakaya H. Resit , Moehrenschlager Axel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver 1 million species around the world are at risk of extinction, and conservation organizations have to decide where to invest their limited resources. Cost‐effectiveness can be increased by leveraging funding opportunities and increasing collaborative partnerships to achieve shared conservation goals. We devised a structured decision‐making framework to prioritize species’ conservation programs based on a cost–benefit analysis that takes collaborative opportunities into account in an examination of national and global conservation return on investment. Conservation benefit is determined by modifying the novel International Union for the Conservation of Nature Green Status for Species to provide an efficient, high‐level measure that is comparable among species, even with limited information and time constraints. We applied this prioritization approach to the Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, Canada, a nonprofit organization seeking to increase the number of species it assists with conservation translocations. We sought to identify and prioritize additional species’ programs for which conservation translocation expertise and actions could make the most impact. Estimating the likelihood of cost‐sharing potential enabled total program cost to be distinguished from costs specific to the organization. Comparing a benefit‐to‐cost ratio on different geographic scales allowed decision makers to weigh alternative options for investing in new species’ programs in a transparent and effective manner. Our innovative analysis aligns with general conservation planning frameworks and can be adapted for any organization.
Divergent effects of climate change on the egg‐laying opportunity of species in cold and warm regions
Authors: Ma Liang , Hou Chao , Jiang Zhong‐Wen , Du Wei‐Guo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate warming can substantially impact embryonic development and juvenile growth in oviparous species. Estimating the overall impacts of climate warming on oviparous reproduction is difficult because egg‐laying events happen throughout the reproductive season. Successful egg laying requires the completion of embryonic development as well as hatching timing conducive to offspring survival and energy accumulation. We propose a new metric—egg‐laying opportunity (EO)—to estimate the annual hours during which a clutch of freshly laid eggs yields surviving offspring that store sufficient energy for overwintering. We estimated the EO within the distribution of a model species, Sceloporus undulatus, under recent climate condition and a climate‐warming scenario by combining microclimate data, developmental functions, and biophysical models. We predicted that EO will decline as the climate warms at 74.8% of 11,407 sites. Decreasing hatching success and offspring energy accounted for more lost EO hours (72.6% and 72.9%) than the occurrence of offspring heat stress (59.9%). Nesting deeper (at a depth of 12 cm) may be a more effective behavioral adjustment for retaining EO than using shadier (50% shade) nests because the former fully mitigated the decline of EO under the considered warming scenario at more sites (66.1%) than the latter (28.3%). We advocate for the use of EO in predicting the impacts of climate warming on oviparous animals because it encapsulates the integrative impacts of climate warming on all stages of reproductive life history.
Evaluating the conservation impact of Antarctica's protected areas
Authors: Burrows Joanna L. , Lee Jasmine R. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntarctic specially protected areas (ASPAs) are a key regulatory mechanism for protecting Antarctic environmental values. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of the ASPA system focused on its representativeness and design characteristics, presenting a compelling rationale for its systematic revision. Upgrading the system could increase the representation of values within ASPAs, but representation alone does not guarantee the avoided loss or improvement of those values. Identifying factors that influence the effectiveness of ASPAs would inform the design and management of an ASPA system with the greatest capacity to deliver its intended conservation outcomes. To facilitate evaluations of ASPA effectiveness, we devised a research and policy agenda that includes articulating a theory of change for what outcomes ASPAs generate and how; building evaluation principles into ASPA design and designation processes; employing complementary approaches to evaluate multiple dimensions of effectiveness; and extending evaluation findings to identify and exploit drivers of positive conservation impact. Implementing these approaches will enhance the efficacy of ASPAs as a management tool, potentially leading to improved outcomes for Antarctic natural values in an era of rapid global change.Evaluación del impacto de conservación de las áreas protegidas de la Antártida
Efficacy of bortezomib desensitization among heart transplant candidates
Authors: Brinkley D. Marshall , Mangione MariaSanta , Fossey Sallyanne C. , Harrison Kimberly M , Zalawadiya Sandip , Rali Aniket S. , Siddiqi Hasan K. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Schlendorf Kelly H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAllosensitization is prevalent in heart transplant candidates and is associated with prolonged waiting times and poor outcomes following transplantation. We analyzed the efficacy of a desensitization regimen consisting of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and bortezomib among 25 consecutive sensitized waitlisted candidates at our center from 2016 to 2021. Following desensitization therapies, all C1q negative antibodies were removed from a candidate's unacceptable antigen list. There was a significant decrease in the median number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (21–15, p = .001) but not class II antibodies (7–6.5, p = .07). There was a significant corresponding decrease in median calculated panel reactive antibodies for class I (90%–74%, p = .004) but not class II (74.5%–75.5%, p = .30). Following desensitization, 76% of patients were transplanted at a median of 91 days. One‐year survival following transplant was 89% with a 33% rate of antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). In conclusion, a bortezomib desensitization protocol was modestly effective for class I antibodies and allowed successful transplant in most cases when combined with selective crossing of C1q negative antigens.
Regaining China's Resource Reallocative Efficiency to Boost Growth
Authors: Cai Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe structural changes that the Chinese economy has been experiencing since its working‐age population began to decline pose challenges for its further growth. First, as it loses its comparative advantage in labor‐intensive activities, the share of manufacturing in its GDP has shrunk. Second, unproductive enterprises that are reluctant to exit the market tend to seek policy protection, which leads to the immobility of resource allocation. Third, the reallocation of the labor force from the highly productive manufacturing sector to the low‐productivity service sector leads to the degradation of resource allocation. The inadequate exploitation of the potential of resource reallocation implies that the decline in manufacturing is premature. It is therefore important to combine market competition policy, industrial policy, and social protection policy to stabilize the development of manufacturing.
Financial Structure, Technology, and Economic Growth: A Structural Matching Perspective
Authors: Ye Dezhu , Huang Yunjue , Ye Xian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferent types of capital are better suited to financing technologies with different risk profiles, and structural matching between finance and technology may critically influence economic growth. Using cross‐province panel data from China, we estimated the impact of the matching relationship between regions' financial structure and technology level on economic growth. We show that: (i) the matching relationship had a statistically significant positive impact on economic growth; (ii) structural mismatching reduced economic growth in comparison with the optimal matching point; (iii) structural matching better facilitated economic growth in more developed regions; and (iv) capital accumulation and technological progress were two of the main channels through which matching influenced economic growth. We address potential endogeneity concerns and perform robustness checks, and our results remain valid. Our findings provide convincing evidence for the optimal financial structure theory and explain China's rapid growth despite its comparatively underdeveloped securities market.
Multiple predictive biomarker testing in melanoma: Another challenge in identifying the optimal approach on cytological samples
Authors: Iaccarino Antonino , Nacchio Mariantonia , Acanfora Gennaro , Pisapia Pasquale , Malapelle Umberto , Bellevicine Claudio , Troncone Giancarlo , Vigliar Elena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe management of cutaneous melanoma has changed dramatically in recent years thanks to the development of tyrosine kinase and immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Thus, multiple biomarker testing is becoming ever more important for the identification of patients who are potentially eligible for these treatments. One reliable approach to the molecular evaluation of metastatic melanoma is fine needle cytology (FNC). To examine the utility of this approach for assessing PD‐L1 expression levels, we evaluated the cellular adequacy of residual cell block (CB) material from metastatic melanomas that were previously tested for BRAF and NRAS mutations.MethodsWe retrieved from our internal archives a series of FNC samples of metastatic melanoma that had been subjected to molecular testing on residual CB material or a dedicated needle rinse between January 2016 and July 2022. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess BRAF and NRAS status, and an SP263 assay was employed to ascertain PD‐L1 expression levels.ResultsOverall, n = 19 cases were selected. Of these, 11 (57.9%) cases revealed a BRAF exon 15 p.V600E mutation, one case (5.3%) revealed NRAS mutation, and seven cases (36.8%) showed no mutations. Regarding PD‐L1 assessment, 16/19 (84.2%) cases were deemed adequate, meaning they contained at least 100 viable cells.ConclusionsWe highlighted the feasibility of assessing PD‐L1 expression levels in residual CB material from metastatic melanomas previously tested for BRAF and NRAS mutations. Moreover, we pointed out that FNC needle rinses may be an alternative source of nucleic acids for molecular testing, preserving CB material for immunocytochemistry evaluation.