bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Yucatan Channel Subsurface Velocity Observations on the Gulf of Mexico State Estimates
Authors: Vazquez Heriberto J. , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Sheinbaum Julio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) surface circulation variability is dominated by the Loop Current (LC) and the episodically released anticyclonic Loop Current eddies (LCEs). The Yucatan Current feeds the LC through the Yucatan Channel (YC), and its flow structure at the YC is hypothesized to affect the LC evolution critically. This study examines the impact of assimilating YC subsurface velocity observations from a tall mooring array across the YC on the GoM circulation. State estimates and forecasts of the LC circulation were produced using a regional implementation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) and its adjoint-based four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) assimilation system. The estimates were constrained by combinations of the YC observations and satellite-derived sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST). The results show that assimilation of both moored and satellite data improves the model hindcasts and forecasts for all LC phases. Additionally, one realization of the state estimate that assimilates only moored data matches the LCE detachment timing with that of AVISO SSH. Observations from the moorings close to the Yucatan Peninsula significantly impact the LCE detachment. A finite-time Lyapunov exponent analysis reveals the differences among the assimilation experiments, such as eddylike structures intruding into the GoM through the YC, and its relation to the typical LC sudden growth. Finally, an adjoint sensitivity analysis is used to verify the dynamic link between the LC extension and the intrusion of eddylike structures into the GoM.
Associations between mortality and exposure to psychotropic medication: A population-based cohort study for depressive disorders
Authors: Pan Yi-Ju , Yeh Ling-Ling 
Published: January 2023

Background: Use of antidepressants and antipsychotics to treat depressive disorders is becoming increasingly prevalent. Methods: This study investigated how the use and cumulative dosage of these medications affect the mortality risk in a Taiwan’s national cohort of individuals ages 15 years and older who were diagnosed with depressive disorders in 2010 and followed up for 5 years. An age- and gender-matched control group was identified. The mean defined daily doses of antidepressants and antipsychotics were calculated, and survival analyses were conducted to examine the effects of exposure dosage on overall mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, in comparison with the control sample. Results: A total of 400,042 individuals (255,288 women; 63.8%) with depressive disorders were identified. A low-to-moderate dosage of antidepressants was associated with a decrease in cardiovascular disease–related mortality risks compared to no exposure for those with depressive disorders. By contrast, a dose-related increase was found when using antipsychotics, with a 1.6-, 2.4- and 2.9-fold risk in the low, moderate and high exposure groups, respectively, for overall mortality, and a 1.2-, 2.4- and 3.5-fold risk in the low, moderate and high exposure groups, respectively, for cardiovascular disease–related mortality, relative to the control sample. Conclusion: For individuals with depression, use of low-to-moderate dosage antidepressants was associated with decreased mortality. However, use of antipsychotics was found to be associated with a dose-related increase in overall and cardiovascular disease–related mortality risks. Adverse health outcomes should be also considered when prescribing psychotropic medications to patients with depressive disorders.
Factors associated with past-year medication use and psychotherapy in adults with suicidal ideation in France
Authors: Husky Mathilde M , Léon Christophe , du Roscoät Enguerrand , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria 
Published: January 2023

Background: The objective of the study is to assess the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with past-year medication use and/or psychotherapy among adults with suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Health Barometer survey, a large computer-assisted telephone survey on a representative sample of the general population aged 18 to 75 years living in metropolitan France ( n = 25,319). Logistic and multinomial regression analyses were used to study past-year medication use and/or psychotherapy as a function of sociodemographic and clinical factors. Analyses were restricted to individuals reporting suicidal ideation in the past year ( n = 1,148). Results: Overall, 43.6% of adults with suicidal ideation reported no treatment for a mental health reason in the past year; 36.6% reported using medication only, 4.8% psychotherapy only, and 15.0% both. Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with increased probability of treatment varied as a function of the type of treatment received. Adjusting for key factors including clinical factors, older adults with suicidal ideation were more likely than younger adults to receive medication only. Conclusions: The findings point to differential inequalities in access to medication and psychotherapy among adults with suicidal ideation in the general population of France.
The influence of seated exercises on balance, mobility, and cardiometabolic health outcomes in individuals living with a stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mackie Paul , Eng Janice J 
Published: January 2023

Objective Seated exercises could prove a safe alternative to traditional weight-bearing exercises in stroke, but its effects on mobility and modifiable risk factors of stroke are limited. The objective is to investigate the effects of seated exercises on balance, mobility, and cardiometabolic health in individuals living with a stroke. Data sources Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane library were searched up to October 2022, in addition to the 2018 Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation. Methods Trials that incorporated predominantly seated exercises and outcomes of balance, mobility, or cardiometabolic health in those living with a stroke were included. Quality assessments of randomized controlled trials were done using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Results Seven trials were included in the review ( n  =  337) with five trials including participants < 6 months post-stroke. Seated exercises improved balance (standard mean difference (SMD)  =  0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50, 1.02) and mobility (SMD  =  0.68; 95% CI, 0.24,1.13) outcomes compared with control. Sensitivity analysis of gait speed found no significant change (mean difference (MD)  =  0.33 m/s; 95% CI, −0.23, 0.89) following seated exercises compared with control. One trial found no significant changes in blood pressure. Most trials (78%) were assessed as having some concern for bias. Conclusion These findings suggest beneficial effects of seated exercises on balance and mobility outcomes in those with a stroke, compared with standard therapy or an attention control. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of seated exercises on outcomes of cardiometabolic health, particularly prominent modifiable risk factors for stroke. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022307426.
Adenosine receptor stimulation inhibits methamphetamine-associated cue seeking
Authors: Bachtell Ryan K , Larson Tracey A , Winkler Madeline C 
Published: January 2023

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant drug that remains a popular and threatening drug of abuse with high abuse liability. There is no established pharmacotherapy to treat METH dependence, but evidence suggests that stimulation of adenosine receptors reduces the reinforcing properties of METH and could be a potential pharmacological target. This study examines the effects of adenosine receptor subtype stimulation on METH seeking using both a cue-induced reinstatement and cue-craving model of relapse. Methods: Male and female rats were trained to self-administer METH during daily 2-h sessions. Cue-induced reinstatement of METH seeking was evaluated after extinction training. A systemic pretreatment of an adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) or A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist was administered prior to an extinction or cue session to evaluate the effects of adenosine receptor subtype stimulation on METH seeking. The effects of a systemic pretreatment of A1R or A2AR agonists were also evaluated in a cue-craving model where the cued-seeking test was conducted after 21 days of forced home-cage abstinence without extinction training. Results: Cue-induced reinstatement was reduced in both male and female rats that received A1R or A2AR agonist pretreatments. Similarly, an A1R or A2AR agonist pretreatment also inhibited cue craving in both male and female rats. Conclusion: Stimulation of either adenosine A1R or A2AR subtypes inhibits METH-seeking behavior elicited by METH-associated cues. These effects may be attributed to the ability of A1R and A2AR stimulation to disrupt cue-induced dopamine and glutamate signaling throughout the brain.
Late presentation of HIV infection among adults in New Zealand from 2011 to 2020
Authors: Bateman Jerram P , Saxton Peter J W , de Gouw Ashleigh , Kolodziej Jacek , Priest Patricia C , McAllister Susan M 
Published: January 2023

Objectives Early diagnosis of HIV is essential for successful treatment and controlling HIV spread in a population. We examined the frequency and characteristics of adults diagnosed late with HIV in New Zealand from 2011–2020. Methods Routine surveillance data were analysed. Those previously diagnosed overseas or as part of immigration screening, or with missing CD4 count were excluded. ‘Late presentation’ was defined as a CD4 count <350 cells/μL or an AIDS-defining event. ‘Advanced HIV disease’ were those with a CD4 count <200 cells/μL or an AIDS-defining event. Relative risks were calculated using Poisson regression. Results Of 1145 people, 40.5% presented late; 24.9% had advanced HIV disease. Of the 464 late diagnoses, 65.5% occurred among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM), 26.1% among heterosexuals, 8.4% among others. Heterosexual men and women were more likely to present late (55.3%) compared to MSM (35.6%). Amongst MSM, those who were older, of an ethnicity other than European, acquired HIV overseas, tested because symptomatic, or had their last negative test >2 years prior were more likely to present late and have advanced disease. Amongst heterosexuals, older age, tested because symptomatic, and Pacific ethnicity were associated with late presentation, and Māori, Pacific and Asian people were more likely to have advanced disease. Conclusions There continues to be a high proportion of people diagnosed late with HIV. Identifying barriers for testing, missed opportunities for screenings and other factors that delay HIV diagnosis could help develop effective strategies to reduce this burden of late presentation – particularly among heterosexual individuals, non-Europeans, and older people.
Depression in Diabetes—The Hidden Bane
Authors: Shirali Arun , M Yeshoda , Shirali Priyanka Arun , Sarah  
Published: January 2023

Background In India, a number of diabetes patients are rising, around 41 million Indians are suffering from diabetes. The depressed mood of an individual restricts the performance of that individual—socially, financially, and health-wise. Purpose Patients with diabetes having depression have shown worst diabetes outcomes in contrast to those suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only, perhaps due to neglect at retaining a specific dietary regimen to control blood sugar levels, and/or not complying with regular exercise, consistent lifestyle, and treatment course. Our study aimed to analyze the presence of undiagnosed depression among adult diabetes patients and correlate complications and duration of T2DM with depression. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on diabetes cases visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) at Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. After obtaining ethics committee clearance, known diabetes adult patients on regular treatment fulfilling selection criteria, and willing to join in the study were randomly selected. Participants were interviewed, clinically examined and data pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, clinical parameters etc., were collected. Depression was judged using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) questionnaire. The association of depression with glycemic control, duration, and comorbidities associated with T2DM was studied. Results Of 224 T2DM patients studied, the average age was 58 years, with a Male-to-Female ratio 2:1. In total, 49 (22%) had undiagnosed depression, and 175 (78%) were not having clinically obvious depression. In our study, depression was significantly associated with older age, occurrence of complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and heart disease, and duration of diabetes ( p < .005). Conclusion Almost a fifth of diabetes individuals had undiagnosed depression. Proper diagnosis of depression among T2DM patients and intervention at right time can change the prognosis for patients, preventing further morbidities.
Three-dimensional Analysis of the Temporal Bone Morphology in Patients with Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Li Xiyuan , Liu Wei , Tang Xiaojun , Li Chuan , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

Objective To characterise the morphology of temporal bone in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM). Design A retrospective study. Setting A craniofacial centre. Patients Ninety-four patients with unilateral craniofacial microsomia. Interventions Mimics 21.0 (Materialise Inc., Belgium) was used to locate temporal bone landmarks on preoperative computed tomography data. The spatial Cartesian coordinate system was established in 3-matic 13.0 (Materialise Inc., Belgium). The coordinates of each landmark and the distances and angles between the landmarks were calculated. A classification system was used to quantify the severity of the zygomatic arch deformity. Main outcome measure(s) The bilateral differences in coordinates, linear and angular measurements, and the severity of temporal bone deformity (TTL δ, Psag δ, Paxiδ, and Tsag δ) among the groups were compared using the paired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Results Compared to those of the unaffected side, the landmarks of the inner ear and petrous part on the affected side showed a decrease in the Z-coordinate or an increase in the X-coordinate. A superolateral rotation tendency of the temporal bone on the affected side was found. There were no significant differences in the linear and angular measurements between the groups. The degree of zygomatic arch deformation was lower in the mild group; however, no significant difference was found between the moderate and severe groups. Conclusions In patients with CFM, asymmetry of the temporal bone and its inner organs (vestibulocochlear organ, facial nerve, and vessels) exists in multiple dimensions; its severity is not completely consistent with the degree of mandibular involvement.
Family physician services and blood pressure control in China: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jing Rize , Eggleston Karen , Lai Xiaozhen , Fang Hai 
Published: January 2023

Objective Given the importance of continuous family physician (FP) care in the management of hypertension, we explored the effects of such care among hypertensive patients in China, a country where such care is generally underutilized. We examined the longitudinal association between the use and continuity of FP services and health outcomes including blood pressure (BP) control rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the retrospective regional electronic health record database in Xiamen City, China. The study considered 18,119 hypertensive patients aged over 18 years who had at least two visits to a health center in the preceding 12 months. The generalized estimating equation model was adopted to estimate the longitudinal association between FP service utilization and health outcomes. Results Hypertensive patients treated by their own FPs had a higher BP control rate (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02–1.28) and lower DBP (−0.36 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.20) than those without a FP or those with a FP but treated by a general community physician (GCP). Compared with hypertensive patients treated exclusively by GCPs, patients treated continuously and exclusively by a FP were 45% more likely to have their BP under control (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.32–1.60), and their SBP and DBP were lower by 0.6 mmHg (95% CI: −0.78 to −0.39) and 0.6 mmHg (95% CI: −0.79 to −0.47), respectively. Conclusions Hypertensive patients continuously treated by their own FPs performed better in terms of BP control rate, SBP and DBP values. In addition, the number and continuity of FP visits were associated with better BP control.
Language and communication skills in multilingual children on the autism spectrum: A systematic review
Authors: Gilhuber Christina Sophia , Raulston Tracy Jane , Galley Kasie 
Published: January 2023

More than half the global population is estimated to be multilingual, yet research on autistic children who grow up in multilingual environments remains scant. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies on multilingualism in autistic children and its impact on children’s language and communication skills. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, our search identified 22 group comparison studies published from 2011 to 2022. The current review addressed two main questions: (a) Which language and communication skills of multilingual autistic children were assessed and how; and (b) how the skills of multilingual autistic children compared with their peers. Semantic-related skills were most frequently reported, while phonology and pragmatics were the most underreported dimensions of language. Most reviewed studies used a combination of direct and indirect language assessments. Available research provides no indication that being exposed to more than one language has adverse effects on the communication skills of autistic children. Although multilingual autistic children often have common autism characteristics, such as pragmatic difficulties affecting their communication skills, preliminary findings also indicate that they may share some advantages of multilingualism with their multilingual nonautistic peers. Studies often excluded participants with co-occurring diagnoses, which may have impacted the generalizability of the findings. Lay Abstract Both parents and service providers have voiced concerns about the potential negative impact of exposure to multiple languages on the language and communication skills of autistic children. The current literature review summarized research that assessed the language and communication skills of multilingual autistic children in comparison with their autistic and nonautistic peers. After a comprehensive search, 22 relevant publications were identified that met the inclusion criteria of the current review. Thirteen studies used both direct (directly administered screening/diagnostic tools) and indirect language assessments (e.g. parent questionnaires). Receptive and expressive vocabulary was the most frequently assessed language skill. Available research does not support the assumption that bilingualism has negative effects on the language and communication skills of autistic children. The language and communication skills of multilingual autistic children frequently resembled their monolingual autistic peers in both strengths and areas of growth. Preliminary findings indicate that multilingual autistic children may share some advantages of multilingualism with their multilingual nonautistic peers. Studies often excluded participants with intellectual disabilities or complex communication needs, which means that a large population of autistic children is not yet represented in research about the effects of multilingualism.
Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Propensity-Matched Studies
Authors: Ahmed Adham , Varghese Kathryn S. , Fusco Peter J. , Mathew Dave M. , Mathew Serena M. , Ahmed Sarah , Rogando Dillon O. , Salazar Stephanie A. , Pandey Roshan , Awad Ahmed K. , Levy Kenneth H. , Hernandez Marisol , Calixte Rose 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Patients with diabetes have poorer outcomes with coronary artery disease (CAD) and pose a unique clinical population for revascularization. We performed a pairwise meta-analysis of randomized trials (RCTs) and propensity-matched observational studies (PMS) to compare the clinical outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify RCT and PMS studies comparing CABG with PCI in patients with diabetes with concurrent CAD. Studies were pooled using the random-effects model to perform a pairwise meta-analysis. Primary outcomes included long-term all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), and repeat revascularization. Meta-regression was used to explore the effects of baseline risk factors on primary outcomes with moderate to high heterogeneity. Results: A total of 18 RCTs and 9 PMS with 28,846 patients were included. PCI was associated with increased long-term all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] = 1.34, P < 0.001), cardiac mortality (RR = 1.52, P < 0.001), MI (RR = 1.51, P = 0.009), MACCE (RR = 1.65, P < 0.001), and repeat revascularization (RR = 2.48, P < 0.001) compared with CABG. There was no difference in long-term stroke between the 2 groups (RR = 0.95, P = 0.82). At meta-regression, a greater proportion of female patients in studies was associated with a decreased protective benefit for CABG for long-term all-cause mortality but an increased protective benefit for long-term MI and repeat revascularization. Conclusions: Revascularization of patients with diabetes using CABG is associated with significantly reduced long-term mortality, MI, MACCE, and repeat revascularizations. Future studies exploring the influence of gender on revascularization outcomes are necessary to elucidate the ideal treatment modality in patients with diabetes.