bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Cognitive Archaeology?
Authors: Malafouris Lambros 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The field of cognitive archaeology has generated important and valuable insights into the cultural and evolutionary dimensions of human intelligence. However, the ways in which cognition is bound up with the body and the material world (forms and flows) has been traditionally overlooked or misrepresented. To the extent that such neglect continues, our understanding of human cognitive life and its material bases will remain necessarily restricted. This chapter explains why those problems persist and proposes an alternative material engagement approach to understanding the relationship between cognitive and material phenomena. One of the main objectives is to show how the theory of material engagement can aid understanding of the cognitive ecology of things and the material ecology of minds. Material Engagement Theory posits materiality as constitutive of human cognitive life. It also argues for the primacy of becoming over being. One can only understand human beings (what it is to be human) by understanding the modes of human becoming (how humans become). Such an approach requires a stretching of the archaeological imagination and vocabulary. To practice cognitive archaeology is to think across disciplinary boundaries in a radical sense. Mind is not in the head; mind is in the world. This chapter discusses the outline and implications of this alternative material engagement approach and illustrates some of the key concepts that can help us to rethink the concept of “mind” in the archaeology of mind.
From Technical Reasoning to Cumulative Technological Culture
Authors: Osiurak François , Bryche Chloé , Bluet Alexandre , Reynaud Emanuelle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Humans and their predecessors have modified the surface of Earth in an unparalleled way, raising the question of the neurocognitive origins of technical cognition. Surprisingly, cognitive scientists do not seem to pay attention to this topic and address it marginally, as if human technical skills did not reflect the existence of cognitive skills specifically directed toward the physical world. This chapter introduces a diametrically opposite approach: The technical reasoning hypothesis, which has initially received support from findings in neuropsychology and cognitive science. This hypothesis posits that technical cognition originates in technical reasoning skills, which involve notably the area PF within the left inferior parietal lobe. These skills are critical to enable humans to develop the technical potential necessary to constantly acquire and improve tools and techniques over generations. Recent advances indicated that this hypothesis could also be extended to explain how technical reasoning, in concert with social learning mechanisms, can favor the emergence of cumulative technological culture. The technical reasoning hypothesis offers a unified neurocognitive approach to how humans and their predecessors have modified their physical world by making and using tools as well as building constructions.
Searching for Shore
Authors: Ben-Aharon Naomi , Gibson Mason , Reidy Tyler 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter is a philosophical and autoethnographic study by three queer-identifying Canadian former graduate music therapy students. Through the evaluation of personal narratives and journals, themes were created that highlighted the isolation, shame, safety, authenticity, othering, pride, and identity synthesis that we faced during our education as music therapy students. These themes inspired us to make recommendations for future music therapy pedagogies that would include implementation of anti-oppressive and affirming approaches to supervision and education. This chapter seeks to provide representation for queer and trans music therapy students, music therapists, professors, and supervisors as well as examining how universities can become safer and more inclusive spaces for learning.
Ovulatory Cycle Effects and Hormonal Influences on Women’s Mating Psychology
Authors: Stern Julia , Penke Lars 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Do hormones affect women’s mating psychology? In which way? Why? In this chapter, we address these questions and summarize the current evidence on associations between women’s ovulatory cycle, hormonal changes, and their mating psychology. We focus on potential changes in sexual motivation, mate preferences, and attraction to potential mates. We further evaluate potential changes in cues to fertility, whether they are detectable by others and whether these changes lead to corresponding affective and behavioral changes in romantic partners. We also discuss the potential implications of research on hormonal contraception on mating and point out reasons why some findings might not replicate.
Evolutionary Mismatch and Human Mating
Authors: Goetz Cari D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary mismatch is the idea that adaptations are operating in an environment that differs from the environment in which they were shaped by natural selection. Research on human mating from an evolutionary perspective requires thoughtful consideration of the evolutionary mismatch of modern subjects of study and their mating adaptations. In this chapter, I describe the concept of evolutionary mismatch and how it relates to the environment of evolutionary adaptedness. I provide examples of the importance of considering evolutionary mismatch that relate to some of the most well-studied domains of human mating including attraction, long-term relationships, sexual conflict, and sexual dysfunction. I advocate for the study of diverse populations as a tool to develop knowledge on the range of ecological conditions in which humans live and have lived, which is key to understanding evolutionary mismatch. I conclude by emphasizing the necessity of accounting for evolutionary mismatch when trying to understand underlying universal psychological design, and ultimately human nature.
Computational Models of Mate Choice
Authors: Conroy-Beam Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Given mating’s close proximity to reproduction, human mate choice psychology would have recurrently both posed and solved critical adaptive problems. These same problems pose myriad computational challenges. Selecting a mate requires evaluating potential partners across multiple dimensions, summarizing these evaluations, and using finite resources to navigate mating markets occupied by mating rivals and potential mates with unknown interests. To make things harder, predicting mate choice behavior requires predicting through the interaction of these many processes, scaled up to the market level. Computational models provide researchers ideal tools for studying these otherwise intractable systems. With computational modeling tools, mating researchers can simulate the dynamics of complex mating markets and compare predictions of alternative models to real behavior. This chapter reviews the literature on computational models of human mating, with special emphasis on models of mate preferences, mate evaluation, and mate selection. It focuses on the computational problems inherent to human mate choice, models of how mating psychology solves these problems, and empirical data that speak to the plausibility of these models.
Mating Strategy Variation by Sexual Orientation
Authors: Frederick David A. , Alley Jenna C. , Semenyna Scott W. , Garcia Justin R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is tremendous variety in the sexual behaviors and mating strategies observable across individuals, genders, cultures, populations, and ecologies. One critically important variation in mating strategies among human and nonhuman animals is the extent to which they are interested in engaging in same-sex sexual behaviors and relationships. Same-sex sexual behavior has been observed in many species of mammals, including primates. Here, we focus primarily on sexual orientation and mating in humans. Specifically, we review different ways to conceptualize sex, gender, and sexual orientation and the widespread examples of same-sex sexual orientations and behaviors seen across cultures and across history. We then turn to the associations of sexual orientation to different mating behaviors and preferences, including sociosexuality and consensual nonmonogamy and preferences for physical characteristics, age, and other traits such as status and income. We also highlight mating preferences often considered by LGBTQ people when seeking mates, such as masculinity or femininity of potential partners and behavioral repertoire preferences (e.g., insertive or receptive sexual partners). Finally, we examine some of the evolutionary perspectives that have been offered to explain same-sex sexual behavior from an adaptationist or a by-product perspective. Overall, this review highlights the importance of considering the environmental, social, ecological, and evolutionary factors that concomitantly impact sexual orientation and the mating strategies of people across diverse LGBTQ identities.
Contest Competition for Mates and the Evolution of Human Males
Authors: Puts David , Carrier David , Rogers Alan R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the phenotypes of human males were shaped by contest competition, the mode of sexual selection in which mating opportunities are obtained by using force or threat of force to exclude same-sex competitors. Phylogenetic, paleontological, and archaeological data indicate a great antiquity for male–male violence in our lineage, and human males possess a constellation of traits that suggest specialization for contest competition. Relative to females, males exhibit greater stature, muscle mass, strength, speed, aerobic capacity, ability to dissipate exercise heat loads, craniofacial robusticity, pain tolerance, risk-taking, behavioral displays of physical prowess and acuity to the formidability of same-sex conspecifics, outgroup discrimination, and a propensity to participate in dyadic and coalitional violence. Parallel evidence suggests that some characteristics that distinguish hominins from the other great apes increase formidability in fights (e.g., handheld weapons, habitual bipedalism, and proportions of the hand and face) or function to increase perceptions of dominance (e.g., low vocal frequencies). Many of these traits are consistent with having been shaped by contest competition over mates: they develop or elaborate at sexual maturity and predict success in male contests, mating, and reproduction. Although alternative evolutionary explanations for some of these sexually dimorphic traits are possible, the most parsimonious explanation is that they have been preserved by selection because they aided in contest competition among males throughout human evolutionary history. The evolutionary roots of much of the aggression, intolerance, and violence that plagues modern societies may ultimately lie in the selection that shaped our mating system.
Sex Differences in Jealousy
Authors: Edlund John E. , Sagarin Brad J. , Kinner Kristyn M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The theory of evolved sex differences in jealousy has emerged as one of evolutionary psychology’s most prominent lines of research. In this chapter, we begin with a review of the theory itself and its statistical implications. We then discuss many of the prominent challenges to the theory. These challenges include a suggestion that sex differences in the interpretation of the questions often used in “sex difference in jealousy” studies confound the results, psychometric concerns regarding the response scales used to assess the sex difference in jealousy, whether actual experiences with infidelity mirror participants’ hypothetical reactions, potential cognitive influences on the sex difference in jealousy, ambiguous results regarding physiological manifestations of the sex difference in jealousy, meta-analyses that reach seemingly different conclusions regarding the existence of the sex difference in jealousy, and moderators (including sexual orientation) that attenuate the sex difference in jealousy. Finally, we evaluate the state of the theory in light of the evidence we review, we consider why researchers from different subfields of psychology appear to have such different interpretations of the evidence for sex differences in jealousy, and we outline recommendations for future research directions.
Sexual Harassment
Authors: Browne Kingsley R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sexual harassment is widely recognized as a serious problem in the workplace, and a nuanced understanding of it is a necessary precondition to effective management. Much of the social science literature contends that sexual harassment is “not about sex but about power.” An evolutionary perspective, though acknowledging the link between sex and power, suggests that the causal implication of social scientists is often backward and that much behavior that is labeled sexual harassment reflects the different sexual strategies of males and females. It is less that men use sex to obtain power over women than it is that they use power to obtain sex, as they have throughout our evolutionary history. The fact that harassers tend to prefer young, attractive targets—that is, those who possess traits that are desirable in a consensual partner—reinforces the view that they are acting on sexual motivations. An understanding of the different sexual psychologies of males and females also sheds light on the question whether a reasonable-person standard or a reasonable-woman standard should be used to assess whether an environment is a hostile one. Men and women often perceive situations differently because of their evolved psychologies, so that an androgynous reasonable-person standard makes little sense. An evolutionary perspective, with its more realistic explanation of sexual harassment than its purely sociological competitors, is more likely to lead to effective mechanisms to combat it.
The Impact of Hormonal Contraceptives on Women’s Sexual and Mating Psychology
Authors: Cunningham Katja , Hill Sarah E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Women’s sex hormones play an important role in shaping women’s mating psychology and behavior. These hormones are disrupted by the use of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which suppress the release of women’s own dynamically changing ovarian hormones and supplant them with a consistent dose of synthetics. Although a majority of reproductive-aged women have used HCs to manage fertility at some point in their lives, little is known about the impacts of the artificial hormones in HCs on women’s mating psychology and behavior. In the current chapter, we review what is known and not known about the relationship between HC use and women’s mating and sexual psychology. The chapter closes by addressing important limitations of the existing research and delineating fruitful areas for future study.
Hormones and Human Mating
Authors: Roney James R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hormones are integral to the regulation of mating behavior in most sexually reproducing species and are likely to have similar importance for human mating. This chapter reviews major research themes regarding the role of endocrine variables in the adaptations that implement human mating psychology and behavior, including the roles of hormones in the development of sexual orientation, the regulation of sexual motivation and its trade-offs with competing motivational priorities, the relationship between hormones and attractiveness, and the role of hormones in the regulation of mate preferences. Investigation of the endocrine predictors of specific variables can help to arbitrate between competing theoretical arguments regarding human mating, and the chapter systematically reviews the relevant data on hormone variables within the context of these theoretical debates. As a broad generalization, accumulating evidence in humans supports roles for gonadal hormones in regulating shifts in the allocation of behavioral and somatic effort toward mating versus alternative adaptive problems. In women, evidence supports the ovarian hormones estradiol and progesterone acting as a two-signal endocrine code that indexes temporal fluctuations in fecundity and increases the prioritization of sexual motivation when fecundity is elevated. In men, accumulating evidence supports testosterone as a signal that regulates trade-offs between effort invested in mate-seeking and mate competition versus in survival effort and investment in pair- bonds and paternal care. Similar patterns in many nonhuman species suggest that phylogenetically ancient roles for hormones have been partially conserved in humans and continue to exert important effects on human mating psychology and behavior.
Marriage and Monogamy in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Scelza Brooke A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Much of our understanding of human partnership dynamics has historically come from a small subset of Western, industrialized societies, which share norms about monogamy and fidelity. Cross-culturally, however, there is substantial variation in both formal marriage systems and the role of nonmarital partnerships. Understanding this variability has important repercussions for evolutionary questions about mating and parenting, which this chapter addresses. In particular, the chapter covers (1) the evolution of monogamy; (2) variation in marriage and mating systems cross-culturally; (3) differences between social and genetic monogamy, and their repercussions for thinking about parenting and partnerships; (4) why concurrent and sequential partnerships might be adaptive, particularly in certain contexts; and (5) why the traditional relationship between paternity and paternal care is not always applicable. Throughout, I focus on data from non-WEIRD (non-Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) societies, as a counterpoint to the vast body of existing literature in psychology. Doing so allows me to highlight areas where universal patterns emerge and where cross-cultural differences are critical to understanding variation.
Information Markets and AI Development
Authors: Clark Jack 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Good governance depends on good information. This chapter discusses how we can better measure and assess the state of AI progress by closely looking at the trends in the technical literature. Due to rapid progress in AI during the last decade, we are beginning to see large-scale deployment of AI systems into society, but this is happening at a time when the capacity for (most) governments to have a well-calibrated understanding of the technology is declining. We expect that, if the status quo situation holds, it will be increasingly hard for governments to effectively govern AI developers. Therefore, we believe an intervention is needed to increase the chance of AI being governed effectively in the future. In this chapter, I discuss how metrics and measures are used by the AI research community, how these measures are themselves used by the AI community as informal devices of self-regulation, and how governments could better integrate this data into their policymaking apparatus and use these measures to steer the private and academic AI sectors. I conclude with some specific recommendations for how policymakers could develop infrastructure for monitoring AI publications and outline how this infrastructure could be merged with policymaking.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Dennison Tracy , Gehlbach Scott 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Historical political economy sits at the intersection of history and the social sciences. To many, this intersection feels like a yawning divide. Differences in methodology and in research aims make it difficult for historians and social scientists to communicate, much less collaborate. Yet successful collaboration is possible, especially if one considers forms of cooperation beyond traditional co-authorship. Team projects can exploit historians’ familiarity with sources and social scientists’ comfort with data. Joint efforts to summarize the state of a field can bring depth and balance to the study of history. Workshops, journals, and blogs can provide opportunities for social scientists and historians to learn from each other. By bringing together different forms of expertise, interdisciplinary collaboration helps to shine new light on existing problems in historical political economy while opening new avenues of research within and across the disciplines.
Land and National Development Strategies in the Cold War Era
Authors: Kay Cristóbal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter undertakes a comparative analysis by contrasting the national development strategies followed by most countries in Latin America with those of South Korea and Taiwan during the Cold War period. It seeks to find out why these two South-East Asian countries, though starting at a much lower level of development than most Latin American countries at the beginning of the Cold War, were able to achieve much higher and equitable standards of living at the end of it. Its argument is that the remarkable difference in the performance between both regions is mainly explained by the ability of these Asian countries to pursue a synergetic development strategy, whereas the Latin American countries failed to do so. The extent, scope, and timing of a redistributive land reform were a key ingredient of such a strategy.
The History of Digital Ethics
Authors: Müller Vincent C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Digital ethics, also known as computer ethics or information ethics, is now a lively field that draws a lot of attention. But what were the developments that led to its existence and present state? What are the traditions, concerns, and technological and social developments that guided digital ethics? How did ethical issues change with the digitalization of human life? How did the traditional discipline of philosophy respond and how was ‘applied ethics’ influenced by these developments? This chapter proposes to view the history of digital ethics in three phases: pre-digital modernity (before the invention of digital technology), digital modernity (with digital technology but analogue lives), and digital post-modernity (with digital technology and digital lives). For each phase, the developments in digital ethics are explained with the background of the technological and social conditions. Finally, a brief outlook is provided.