bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Philippines, with a preliminary assessment of genetic and morphological variations of the Uropterygius concolor species complex
Authors: Huang Wen‐Chien , Balisco Rodulf Anthony , Evacitas Florence Chan , Liao Te‐Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUropterygius concolor Rüppell, the type species of the genus Uropterygius, is a small, uniformly brown moray considered to be widely distributed in the Indo‐Pacific region. However, a recent study indicated that the real U. concolor is currently known only from the type locality in the Red Sea, and species recorded outside the Red Sea may represent a species complex that comprises several species. In this study, we assess the genetic and morphological variations of this species complex based on available data. Analyses of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences revealed at least six distinct genetic lineages recognized under ‘U. concolor’. After carefully comparing the morphologies, one of the lineages is described herein as a new species, Uropterygius mactanensis sp. nov., based on 21 specimens collected from Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines. Another distinct lineage is considered to be a possibly undescribed species based on diagnostic morphological characters. Although the taxonomic status of junior synonyms of U. concolor and some lineages still remain unresolved, this study provides informative morphological characters (i.e., tail length, trunk length, vertebrae number, and arrangement of teeth) that can be used in future studies on this species complex.
Nephrocalcinosis in juvenile farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) may be linked to osmoregulatory stress
Authors: Klykken C. , Khan E. , Karlsen C. , Reed A. K. , Attramadal K. J. K. , Olsen R. E. , Boissonnot L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNephrocalcinosis is a widespread challenge in intensive production of salmon smolt. There is however no consensus on its aetiology, which makes it problematic to implement proper measures to limit its development. We performed a survey of nephrocalcinosis prevalence and environmental factors in 11 different hatcheries in Mid‐Norway as well as a 6‐month monitoring in one of the hatcheries. A multivariate analysis indicated that the most influencing factor for the prevalence of nephrocalcinosis was the supplementation of sea water during smolt production. In the 6‐month monitoring, the hatchery introduced salinity in the production water prior to the change in day length. Mismatch in those environmental signals may increase the risk for developing nephrocalcinosis. Salinity fluctuations prior to smoltification can cause osmotic stress and result in unbalanced levels of ions in fish blood. This was clearly illustrated in our study, as the fish experienced chronic hypercalcaemia and hypermagnesaemia. Both magnesium and calcium are excreted over the kidneys and it is possible that their prolonged, elevated levels in plasma resulted in an oversaturation of the urine when finally excreted. This again could have led to the aggregation of calcium deposits within the kidney. This study indicates a relationship between osmotic stress induced by salinity changes in juvenile Atlantic salmon and the development of nephrocalcinosis. Other factors that may affect the severity of nephrocalcinosis are currently subjects for discussion.
Attitudes toward children: Distinguishing affection and stress
Authors: Wolf Lukas J. , Costin Vlad , Iosifyan Marina , Thorne Sapphira R. , Nolan Alexander , Foad Colin , Webb Elspeth , Karremans Johan , Haddock Geoffrey , Maio Gregory R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdults' views and behaviors toward children can vary from being supportive to shockingly abusive, and there are significant unanswered questions about the psychological factors underpinning this variability.ObjectiveThe present research examined the content of adults' attitudes toward children to address these questions.MethodTen studies (N = 4702) identified the factor structure of adults' descriptions of babies, toddlers, and school‐age children and examined how the resulting factors related to a range of external variables.ResultsTwo factors emerged—affection toward children and stress elicited by them—and this factor structure was invariant across the United Kingdom, the United States, and South Africa. Affection uniquely captures emotional approach tendencies, concern for others, and broad positivity in evaluations, experiences, motivations, and donation behavior. Stress relates to emotional instability, emotional avoidance, and concern about disruptions to a self‐oriented, structured life. The factors also predict distinct experiences in a challenging situation—home‐parenting during COVID‐19 lockdown—with affection explaining greater enjoyment and stress explaining greater perceived difficulty. Affection further predicts mentally visualizing children as pleasant and confident, whereas stress predicts mentally visualizing children as less innocent.ConclusionsThese findings offer fundamental new insights about social cognitive processes in adults that impact adult–child relationships and children's well‐being.
Personality traits as identity threat cues: Stigmatized perceivers infer prejudice from disagreeableness
Authors: Maimon Melanie R. , Sanchez Diana T. , Rodriguez Siris , Albuja Analia F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAcross four studies, we examined whether certain personality traits cue prejudice and serve as identity threat cues.BackgroundStigmatized group members may be vigilant to personality cues that signal prejudice.MethodIn Study 1 (N = 76), perceivers selected traits and behaviors associated with disagreeableness and closedness to experience as indicators of prejudice. In Studies 2–4, perceivers with stigmatized identities (Total N = 907) learned about a target person who was depicted as disagreeable or agreeable (Studies 2 and 3) and as disagreeable or another trait matched on perceived negativity (i.e., low in conscientiousness, Study 4).ResultsParticipants perceived the disagreeable target as more discriminatory and hierarchy‐endorsing (Studies 2–4), more morally disengaged (Study 3), and more likely to discriminate against stigmatized identity groups (Studies 2 and 4) than the agreeable or low conscientious targets. The relationship between target disagreeableness and perceived discrimination was partially explained by higher perceived hierarchy endorsing beliefs (Studies 2–4) and perceived moral disengagement (Study 3).ConclusionsThis research finds that perceivers with stigmatized identities utilize target disagreeableness as a cue of identity threat, inferring that disagreeable people are more likely to be discriminatory, prejudicial, and hierarchy‐endorsing than agreeable and low conscientious people.
Genetic risk of fatty liver disease and mortality in the general population: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gellert‐Kristensen Helene , Tybjærg‐Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Ghouse Jonas , Fuchs Andreas , Kühl Jørgen T. , Sigvardsen Per E. , Kofoed Klaus F. , Stender Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsFatty liver disease has been associated with higher all‐cause as well as liver‐related, ischemic heart disease (IHD)‐related and extrahepatic cancer‐related mortality in observational epidemiological studies. We tested the hypothesis that fatty liver disease is a causal risk factor for higher mortality.MethodsWe genotyped seven genetic variants known to be associated with fatty liver disease (in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MTARC1, MBOAT7, GCKR, and GPAM) in 110 913 individuals from the Danish general population. Hepatic steatosis was measured by hepatic computed tomography in n = 6965. Using a Mendelian randomization framework, we tested whether genetically proxied hepatic steatosis and/or elevated plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was associated with liver‐related mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 16 119 individuals died. In observational analyses, baseline elevated plasma ALT was associated with higher all‐cause (1.26‐fold), liver‐related (9‐fold), and extrahepatic cancer‐related (1.25‐fold) mortality. In genetic analyses, the risk alleles in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13 were individually associated with higher liver‐related mortality. The largest effects were seen for the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk alleles, for which homozygous carriers had 3‐fold and 6‐fold, respectively, higher liver‐related mortality than non‐carriers. None of the risk alleles, individually or combined into risk scores, were robustly associated with all‐cause, IHD‐related, or extrahepatic cancer‐related mortality. In instrumental variable analyses, genetically proxied hepatic steatosis and higher plasma ALT were associated with liver‐related mortality.ConclusionsHuman genetic data support that fatty liver disease is a causal driver of liver‐related mortality.
IsμCTirradiation nondestructive? A noble gas study on matrix samples from theCV3chondrite Allende
Authors: Ghaznavi Parastoo , Kadlag Yogita , Haberthür David , Hlushchuk Ruslan , Leya Ingo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicro‐computed tomography (μCT) is a fast and powerful technology for studying textural, physical, and chemical properties of solid objects in three dimensions. While regularly used for sample documentation and curation, it is often assumed that μCT techniques are essentially nondestructive or at least very little destructive. However, there are very few studies proving or rejecting the assumption of nondestructiveness. Here we study whether X‐ray tomographic imaging affects the noble gas budget of matrix samples from the CV3 carbonaceous chondrite Allende. We irradiated powdered and homogenized matrix samples in the Bruker SkyScan 1272 μCT instrument at three different X‐ray tube acceleration voltages of 30, 70, and 100 keV. By comparing the noble gas concentrations and especially the elemental and isotopic ratios of the irradiated samples with data for two non‐irradiated aliquots, we found no significant differences. Our study therefore demonstrates that X‐ray tomographic imaging has no measurable effect on the noble gas budget and can therefore safely be used for sample characterization prior to noble gas studies.
Al Huwaysah 010: The most reduced brachinite, so far
Authors: Carli Cristian , Barbaro Anna , Murri Mara , Domeneghetti Maria Chiara , Langone Antonio , Bruschini Enrico , Stephant Alice , Alvaro Matteo , Stefani Stefania , Cuppone Tiberio , Casalini Martina , Migliorini Alessandra , Roush Ted L. , Pratesi Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAl Huwaysah 010 is an ungrouped achondrite meteorite, recently referred to as a brachinite‐like meteorite. This meteorite, showing a fine‐grained assemblage of low‐Ca pyroxene and opaque phases, is strongly reduced in comparison to other reduced brachinites. The occurrence of some tiny plates of graphite and oldhamite in this meteorite suggests that a partial melt residue has experienced a further reduction process. Olivine, the most abundant phase, is compositionally homogeneous (Fo83.3) as well as the clinopyroxene (En45.5Fs10.8Wo43.7) and the plagioclase (Ab69.5). Orthopyroxene (En85.4Fs13.9Wo0.7) also occurs but only in a fine intergrowth. Other accessory phases are Fe metal grains (Ni‐free or Cr‐bearing Fe‐Ni alloy), troilite, chlorapatite, pentlandite (as inclusions in chromite). The sample shows two different closure temperatures: the highest (≈900°C) is determined via the olivine–chromite intercrystalline geothermometer and the lowest temperature (≈520°C) is determined via the pyroxene‐based intracrystalline geothermometer. These temperatures may represent, respectively, the closure temperature associated with the formation and a subsequent impact event excavating the sample from the parental body. The visible to near‐infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra of Al Huwaysah 010 exhibit low reflectance, consistent with the presence of darkening components, and weak absorptions indicative of olivine and pyroxene. Comparing the spectral parameters of Al Huwaysah 010 to potential parent bodies characterized by olivine–pyroxene mineralogy, we find that it falls within the field previously attributed to the SIII type asteroids. These results lead us to classify the Al Huwaysah 010 meteorite as the most reduced brachinite, whose VNIR spectral features show strong affinities with those of SIII asteroids.
Is metabolic‐dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease or advanced liver fibrosis associated with erythropoietin stimulating agent hypo‐responsiveness among patients with end‐stage kidney disease on haemodialysis?
Authors: Wong Wei‐Kei , Chan Wah‐Kheong , Ganapathy Shubash , Lim Soo‐Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to determine if metabolic‐dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or advanced liver fibrosis is associated with erythropoietin stimulating agent (ESA) hypo‐responsiveness in hemodialysis patients.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study of 379 hemodialysis patients, FibroTouch transient elastography was performed on all patients. Erythropoeitin resistance index (ERI) was used to measure the responsiveness to ESA. Patients in the highest tertile of ERI were considered as having ESA hypo‐responsiveness.ResultsThe percentage of patients with ESA hypo‐responsiveness who had MAFLD was lower than patients without ESA hypo‐responsiveness. FIB‐4 index was significantly higher in ESA hypo‐responsive patients. In multivariate analysis, female gender (aOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.9–6.2, p < 0.001), dialysis duration ≥50 months (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1–2.9, p < 0.05), elevated waist circumference (aOR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8, p = 0.005), low platelet (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.3–5.1, p < 0.01), elevated total cholesterol (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9, p < 0.05) and low serum iron (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.3–6.5, p < 0.001) were found to be independent factors associated with ESA hypo–responsiveness. Neither MAFLD nor advanced liver fibrosis was independently associated with ESA hypo–responsiveness. However, every 1 kPA increase in LSM increased the chance of ESA–hyporesponsiveness by 13% (aOR = 1.1, 95% CI =  1.0–1.2, p = 0.002) when UAP and LSM were used instead of presence of MAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis, respectively.ConclusionMAFLD and advanced liver fibrosis were not independently associated with ESA hypo‐responsiveness. Nevertheless, higher FIB‐4 score in ESA hypo‐responsive group and significant association between LSM and ESA hypo‐responsiveness suggest that liver fibrosis may be a potential clinical marker of ESA hypo‐responsiveness.
On two arguments for fanaticism
Authors: Russell Jeffrey Sanford 
Published: June 2023

AbstractShould we make significant sacrifices to ever‐so‐slightly lower the chance of extremely bad outcomes, or to ever‐so‐slightly raise the chance of extremely good outcomes? Fanaticism says yes: for every bad outcome, there is a tiny chance of extreme disaster that is even worse, and for every good outcome, there is a tiny chance of an enormous good that is even better. I evaluate the prospects for Fanaticism, in connection with two other kinds of general ethical principles. First, separability principles, which say that which option is best does not depend in strange ways on what might be going on in distant space and time—jumping off from a recent argument for Fanaticism from Beckstead and Thomas (2023). Second, reflection principles, about how gaining new information makes a difference to which options are best—jumping off from a recent argument for Fanaticism from Wilkinson (2022). It turns out that the situation is unstable: plausible general separability and reflection principles actually tell against Fanaticism, but restrictions of those same principles (with strengthened auxiliary assumptions) support Fanaticism. All of the consistent views that emerge are very strange.
Evaluation of a paraffin‐based moisturizer compared to a ceramide‐based moisturizer in children with atopic dermatitis: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Sachin , Ramam M. , Sharma V. K. , Sethuraman G. , Pandey R. M. , Bhari Neetu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMoisturizers are first‐line therapy for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although there are multiple types of moisturizers available, head‐to‐head trials between different moisturizers are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate if a paraffin‐based moisturizer is as effective as ceramide‐based moisturizer in children with AD.Materials and MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized comparative trial of pediatric patients with mild to moderate AD, subjects applied either a paraffin‐based or ceramide‐based moisturizer twice daily. Clinical disease activity using SCOring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), quality of life using Children/Infants Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI/IDLQI), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline and at follow‐up at 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsFifty‐three patients were recruited (27 ceramide group and 26 paraffin group) with a mean age of 8.2 years and mean disease duration of 60 months. The mean change in SCORAD at 3 months in the ceramide‐based and paraffin‐based moisturizer groups was 22.1 and 21.4, respectively (p = .37). The change in CDLQI/IDLQI, TEWL over forearm and back, amount and days of topical corticosteroid required, median time to remission and disease‐free days at 3 months were similar in both groups. As the 95% confidence interval (CI) of mean change in SCORAD at 3 months in both groups (0.78, 95% CI: −7.21 to 7.52) was not within the predefined margin of equivalence (−4 to +4), the conclusion of equivalence could not be proven.ConclusionBoth the paraffin‐based and ceramide‐based moisturizers were comparable in improving the disease activity in children with mild to moderate AD.
Overview of muscle fatigue differences between maximal eccentric and concentric resistance exercise
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Pinto Matheus D. , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the 1970s, researchers have studied a potential difference in muscle fatigue (acute strength loss) between maximal eccentric (ECCmax) and concentric (CONmax) resistance exercise. However, a clear answer to whether such a difference exists has not been established. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to overview methods and results of studies that compared acute changes in muscle strength after bouts of ECCmaxand CONmaxresistance exercise. We identified 30 relevant studies. Participants were typically healthy men aged 20–40 years. Exercise usually consisted of 40–100 isokinetic ECCmaxand CONmaxrepetitions of the knee extensors or elbow flexors.Both ECCmaxand CONmaxexercise caused significant strength loss, which plateaued and rarely exceeded 60% of baseline, suggesting strength preservation. In upper‐body muscles, strength loss at the end of ECCmax(31.4 ± 20.4%) and CONmax(33.6 ± 17.5%) exercise was similar, whereas in lower‐body muscles, strength loss was less after ECCmax(13.3 ± 12.2%) than CONmax(39.7 ± 13.3%) exercise. Muscle architecture and daily use of lower‐body muscles likely protects lower‐body muscles from strength loss during ECCmaxexercise. We also reviewed seven studies on muscle fatigue duringcoupledECCmax‐CONmaxexercise and found similar strength loss in the ECC and CON phases. We also found evidence from three studies that more ECC than CON repetitions can be completed at equalrelativeloads. These results indicate that muscle fatigue may manifest differently between ECCmaxand CONmaxresistance exercise. An implication of the results is that prescriptions of ECC resistance exercise for lower‐body muscles should account for greater fatigue resilience of these muscles compared to upper‐body muscles.
Who do we trust? Differences in types of trust and beliefs in conspiracy theories between vaccinated and unvaccinated Europeans across 17 European countries
Authors: Syropoulos Stylianos , Gkinopoulos Theofilos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA plethora of research has highlighted that trust in science, political trust, and conspiracy theories are all important contributors to vaccine uptake behavior. In the current investigation, relying on data from 17 countries (N = 30,096) from the European Social Survey we examined how those who received (and wanted to receive the COVID‐19 vaccine) compared to those who did not differ in their trust in: science, politicians and political parties, international organizations and towards people in general. We also examined whether they differed in how much they believed in conspiracy theories. Those who received (or wanted to receive) the COVID vaccine scored significantly higher in all forms of trust, and lower in conspiracy theory beliefs. A logistic regression suggested that trust in science, politicians, international organizations, as well as belief in conspiracy theories were significant predictors, even after accounting for key demographic characteristics.
Zika virus infection in European travellers returning from Thailand in 2022: A GeoSentinel case series
Authors: Seers Timothy , Rothe Camilla , Hamer Davidson H. , Denny Sarah , Spindler Rahel , Schwartz Eli , Johnston Victoria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZika virus is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus which caused major epidemics in the Pacific and the Americas between 2013 and 2015. International travellers have previously acted as a sentinel population for Zika virus transmission in endemic areas, where local transmission may be incompletely captured by local surveillance systems. We report five recent European travellers returning from Thailand with Zika virus infection, highlighting the risk of ongoing endemic transmission in this popular tourist destination.
Chloroplast SRP43 and SRP54 independently promote thermostability and membrane binding of light‐dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductases
Authors: Ji Shuiling , Grimm Bernhard , Wang Peng 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYProtochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR), which converts protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide, is the only light‐dependent enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis. While its catalytic reaction and importance for chloroplast development are well understood, little is known about the post‐translational control of PORs. Here, we show that cpSRP43 and cpSRP54, two components of the chloroplast signal recognition particle pathway, play distinct roles in optimizing the function of PORB, the predominant POR isoform in Arabidopsis. The chaperone cpSRP43 stabilizes the enzyme and provides appropriate amounts of PORB during leaf greening and heat shock, whereas cpSRP54 enhances its binding to the thylakoid membrane, thereby ensuring adequate levels of metabolic flux in late chlorophyll biosynthesis. Furthermore, cpSRP43 and the DnaJ‐like protein CHAPERONE‐LIKE PROTEIN of POR1 concurrently act to stabilize PORB. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the coordinating role of cpSPR43 and cpSRP54 in the post‐translational control of chlorophyll synthesis and assembly of photosynthetic chlorophyll‐binding proteins.