bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe3O4 nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotubes as high-performance anodes for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Gong S H , Kuai J , Wang J D , Liu F , Wu J F , Wang X C , Cheng J P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fe3O4/CNT composites are synthesized with ethylene glycol as solvent by a one-step solvothermal method and used as anode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). An appropriate amount of water in ethylene glycol can accelerate the formation of Fe3O4 and reduce the average size of Fe3O4 to around 20 nm. However, spherical Fe3O4 particles larger than 100 nm will form in pure ethylene glycol for long reaction time. The Fe3O4/CNT composite with small Fe3O4 nanoparticles exhibits a high specific surface area, promoted electron transfer ability, as well as a high utilization rate of active materials. The optimized electrode shows a high specific capacity of 689 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, and remains 443 C g−1 at 10 A g−1. The inferior long-term cycling stability is due to the phase transition of Fe3O4 and a reductive effect to form metallic Fe. An ASC using Fe3O4/CNT and NiCoO2/C composites as anode and cathode, respectively, delivers a high energy density of 58.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1007 W kg−1 in a voltage window of 1.67 V and has a capacity retention of 63% after 5000 cycles. The self-discharge behavior of the ASC is also investigated.
QS-ADN: quasi-supervised artifact disentanglement network for low-dose CT image denoising by local similarity among unpaired data
Authors: Ruan Yuhui , Yuan Qiao , Niu Chuang , Li Chen , Yao Yudong , Wang Ge , Teng Yueyang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Deep learning has been successfully applied to low-dose CT (LDCT) image denoising for reducing potential radiation risk. However, the widely reported supervised LDCT denoising networks require a training set of paired images, which is expensive to obtain and cannot be perfectly simulated. Unsupervised learning utilizes unpaired data and is highly desirable for LDCT denoising. As an example, an artifact disentanglement network (ADN) relies on unpaired images and obviates the need for supervision but the results of artifact reduction are not as good as those through supervised learning. An important observation is that there is often hidden similarity among unpaired data that can be utilized. This paper introduces a new learning mode, called quasi-supervised learning, to empower ADN for LDCT image denoising. For every LDCT image, the best matched image is first found from an unpaired normal-dose CT (NDCT) dataset. Then, the matched pairs and the corresponding matching degree as prior information are used to construct and train our ADN-type network for LDCT denoising. The proposed method is different from (but compatible with) supervised and semi-supervised learning modes and can be easily implemented by modifying existing networks. The experimental results show that the method is competitive with state-of-the-art methods in terms of noise suppression and contextual fidelity. The code and working dataset are publicly available at https://github.com/ruanyuhui/ADN-QSDL.git.
Streamer-induced kinetics of excited states in pure N2: I. Propagation velocity,
E/N
and vibrational distributions of N2(C 3Πu
) and N 2+
(B 2Σu+
) states
Authors: Bílek Petr , Dias Tiago Cunha , Prukner Václav , Hoffer Petr , Guerra Vasco , Šimek Milan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The emission spectra of a streamer discharge in pure nitrogen provide an important tool for investigating the fundamental kinetics of excited electronic states of N2 and benchmark data for validating advanced kinetic schemes for numerical models. In this work, we characterize a streamer monofilament developed in a dielectric barrier discharge configuration, including electrical characteristics, time-resolved images and N2/N

2
+

emission spectra, all acquired with nanosecond temporal resolution. Time-resolved images and emission characteristics provide clear evidence of the formation of a cathode-directed streamer and allow determining the streamer propagation velocity and the typical

E

/

N

values using the intensity ratio of nitrogen spectral bands in the center of the discharge gap. We also measure the vibrational distributions of the N2(C

3

Π

u

,

v
=

0–4) and N

2
+

(B

2

Σ

u

+

,

v
=

0–2) states. The population of N2(C

3

Π

u

,

v
=

0–4) state, initially formed by energetic electrons in the streamer head, changes later significantly due to the decrease in the mean energy and concentration of the streamer channel electrons. After a few tens of nanoseconds, the electron-impact excitation rate of N2(C

3

Π

u

) becomes negligible compared to its population by the N2(

A

3

Σ

u

+

) + N2(

A

3

Σ

u

+

) pooling. The experimental findings are supported and consistent with the 0D state-to-state kinetic model results and reveal the participation of high vibrational levels of N2(

A

3

Σ

u

+

) in the pooling reactions.
Plasma surface ionization wave interactions with single channels
Authors: Morsell Joshua , Trosan Duncan , Stapelmann Katharina , Shannon Steven 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The study of plasma surface ionization waves (SIWs) in recent years has primarily focused on planar surfaces and periodic two dimensional structures. In application, substrates are likely to have non-planar morphology such as cracks, pores, and steps. Additionally, targets for the applications of medicine or catalysis may have targets with heterogeneous composition. This classification of targets are brought under the umbrella of complex interfaces. In this work, plasma SIWs were incident on a complex target consisting of a single channel cut into glass slides. The SIW velocities for the in-channel portion of the wave and radially propagating portion of the wave were tracked. It was found that surface wave velocities are not significantly affected by channel geometry, but primarily increase with pulse energy. A third propagation direction for the SIW is characterized in the azimuthal direction relative to the radial portion of the wave. Channel geometry is found to greatly effect the area treated by the plasma but not the propagation velocity of the surface wave. Surface wave morphology and the impact on application is also discussed. A simple model was introduced to understand the mechanisms behind SIW escape from a channel. It was found that the ratio of pulse energy to a geometry dependent minimum energy can predict the escape angle of a SIW from single channels.
Orientation texturing and static magnetic response of multi-core particle containing limited number of superparamagnetic nanocores
Authors: Solovyova A Yu , Sokolsky S A , Ivanov A O , Elfimova E A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we study the orientational texturing and static magnetization of a small multi-core particle (MCP) that includes a few immobilized superparamagnetic particles (SPPs). We focus on the consideration of the MCPs containing 7 and 8 SPPs, which are located randomly or at the nodes of a simple cubic lattice. The results are obtained using Monte Carlo computer simulations. It is shown that intensive dipole–dipole interaction leads to the formation of an orientational texturing of the SPP’s magnetic moments, which strongly depends on the location of the SPPs inside the MCP. The magnetization laws of MCPs are compared with the continuous medium magnetostatics. For strongly interacting SPPs there is a big difference between the simulation results for the magnetization of the MCPs with cubic structure and the magnetization of continuous system of SPPs located in simple cubic lattice. The magnetization of the MCP for each specific random location of the SPPs also differs from the magnetization of continuous media of SPP gas, however, the average value of the MCP magnetization coincides with the continuous media magnetostatics.
The role of plasma–atom and molecule interactions on power & particle balance during detachment on the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor
Authors: Verhaegh K. , Lipschultz B. , Harrison J.R. , Federici F. , Moulton D. , Lonigro N. , Kobussen S.P. , O’Mullane M. , Osborne N. , Ryan P. , Wijkamp T. , Kool B. , Rose E. , Theiler C. , Thornton A.J. ,   the MAST Upgrade Team
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper shows first quantitative analysis of the detachment processes in the MAST Upgrade Super-X divertor (SXD). We identify an unprecedented impact of plasma-molecular interactions involving molecular ions (likely

D
2
+

), resulting in strong ion sinks (Molecular Activated Recombination—MAR), leading to a reduction of ion target flux. The MAR ion sinks exceed the divertor ion sources before electron-ion recombination (EIR) starts to occur, suggesting that significant ionisation occurs outside of the divertor chamber. In the EIR region,

T
e

≪
0.2

eV is observed and MAR remains significant in these deep detached phases. The total ion sink strength demonstrates the capability for particle (ion) exhaust in the Super-X Configuration. Molecular Activated Dissociation is the dominant volumetric neutral atom creation process can lead to an electron cooling of 20% of

P

S
O
L

. The measured total radiative power losses in the divertor chamber are consistent with inferred hydrogenic radiative power losses. This suggests that intrinsic divertor impurity radiation, despite the carbon walls, is minor in the divertor chamber. This contrasts previous TCV results, which may be associated with enhanced plasma-neutral interactions and reduced chemical erosion in the detached, tightly baffled SXD. The above observations have also been observed in higher heat flux (narrower SOL width) type I ELMy H-mode discharges. This provides evidence that the characterisation in this paper may be general.
Microstructural Influence on Fracture Toughness of IF Steel and DP Steel
Authors: Sunilkumar M R , Schmidova E. , Klejch F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Interstitial free steels (IF) and Dual-phase (DP) steels are widely used in the automotive industry, their specific application is driven by requirements to optimize the strength-to-weight ratio. Utilizing the full capacity of their plasticity and strain hardenability requires an assessment of edge fracture susceptibility and flangeability. In this work, the ability of the mentioned steels to spreading of deformation along initiated cracks is evaluated by structural and fractographic analyzes. Microstructural restrictions of plasticity are correlated with fracture toughness results, adopting the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology. Crystallographic analyzes (EBSD) are focused on the role of anisotropy and the deformation texture evolution, affecting the development of plasticity and thus the energy consumption to the fracture.
Effects of etchant stirring on the surface quality of the metallography sample
Authors: Ambrož O , Čermák J , Jozefovič P , Mikmeková Š 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite its predominantly empirical nature, metallographic etching remains an important sample preparation method that enables microstructural characterization. The poor repeatability is due to the ignorance of etching mechanisms and the human factor, which is mainly associated with the conventional approach. This approach is most commonly practiced by manual immersion of the sample in the etchant. The solution should be gently stirred so that reaction products do not settle on the surface and uneven etching does not occur. Often, stirring is provided by the sample itself or by a magnetic bar. In terms of spatial orientation, etching with the polished surface facing upwards allows the surface to be observed during the process. Some authors recommend etching with the polished surface downwards to minimize the deposition of reaction products. In some cases, a vertical orientation of the sample is recommended to reduce pitting. In this paper, the effect of the etchant stirring method on the surface quality of a metallographic structural steel specimen will be presented. In addition to different etchant stirring methods, different spatial orientations of the sample will also be investigated. To ensure better repeatability and accurate etching time, the samples will be etched using our automated apparatus. The resulting surface of the samples will be analysed using light optical microscopy (LOM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The development of more reproducible etching methods is essential to obtain accurate microstructure information without artifacts and for advanced quantitative image analysis using deep learning.
Effect of tool temperature and dwell time in the tool for press hardening on the mechanical properties of modern high-strength steel with 3% Mn
Authors: Janda T , Jirková H , Leták R , Skrivanova N , Kučerová L , Holá M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The production of sheet safety parts for car bodies is currently carried out using press hardening technology. This technology enables the creation of complex-shaped profiles even from high-strength steels without a significant spring-back effect. In combination with modern high-strength steels, which have retained austenite in their structure, it is possible to achieve high ultimate strength and ductility values. As a result, these parts are used in bodywork areas with high energy absorption requirements during impact. To achieve the required mechanical properties, suitable processing parameters must be selected. High-strength steel with 0.2%C, 3%Mn and 2%Al was used for the experiment. Press-hardening was carried out in a tool fixed in a hydraulic press and can be heated up to temperatures around 450 °C. Different tool temperatures of room temperature and 425 °C were tested and different holding times in the tool from 1 s to 600 s. After hardening in a tool at RT, the ultimate strength of about 1400 MPa with a ductility of 18 % was obtained. But quenching and holding in the preheated tool caused the ductility to increase to 28% with a drop in ultimate strength to 1050 MPa.
Overview of the International Scientific Conference on Advances in Applied Physics and Mathematics 2023 (AAPM-2023)
Authors: Sultanov T Z , Shomirzaev M Kh , Astanakulov K D , Borotov A N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Scientific Conference on Advances in Applied Physics and Mathematics held in Tashkent on 10-12 April 2023. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. The Conference AAPM-2023 provided a remarkable opportunity for the academic and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions, and discuss future research directions in the field of applied physics and mathematics.
List of Programme Committee is available in this pdf.
Effects of pulsed laser hardening of cylindrical surfaces on fatigue behavior
Authors: Alisin Valery 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The issues of the of laser hardening of the plain bearing effects on the fatigue strength of the crankshaft neck journal are discussed in this article. The crankshaft destruction of the crankshaft leads to catastrophic consequences, especially for heavy diesel engines. The article substantiates the assertion of a decrease in the fatigue strength of steels after pulsed laser hardening treatment of the friction surface to increase the wear resistance of a plain bearing. The process of formation of a surface hard layer of steel and the formation of dimple-shaped stress concentrators on it after interaction with a laser pulse is studied. Factors affecting the fatigue behavior of materials are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a residual stress state in the surface layer and the role of surface defects on the fatigue behavior of steel. The assumption about the possibility of reducing the decrease in fatigue strength by optimizing the technological parameters of laser processing is substantiated. On the basis of the study, it is proposed to limit the energy of the laser pulse, preventing the surface from melting.
Determination of the local refraction coefficient in Cuban lateritic mineral deposits
Authors: Ojeda Pardo F R , Belette Fuentes O , Quiroz Cabascango V E , Mosquera Urbano A P , Reyes Céspedes E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Much work has been done related to the characteristics of terrestrial refraction. However, very few have referred to the fluctuations of the refractive coefficient in the lower atmosphere in Cuban lateritic deposits. The objective of this research is to determine a local refraction coefficient in different climatic conditions and time of day, to increase the precision of the mineral volume calculation and to know its behavior and to analyze the influence of local refraction coefficient variations on the trigonometric leveling. The method of reciprocal simultaneous measurements of the vertical angle was applied to minimize the influence of the refractive coefficient and assess the errors committed. As results, a refraction coefficient of 0,17 was obtained, different from the 0,14 that is currently used, and that the Gaussian refraction coefficient +0,13 is not adequate to describe the refraction effects in the lower atmosphere. In conclusion, these results can be useful to better evaluate the role of refraction in topographic surveys at 1,5 m from the visual ray of the ground, in lateritic deposits on slopes greater than 20 %. The experiment on refraction showed a range of variation of KL between 0,134-0,179 near the ground on sunny days. This equates to vertical temperature gradients are 0,064-0,144 K/m during the day and 0,054 K/m after sunset.
Microstructure, magnetoresistivity and carrier mobility of HTSC-YBCO tape with pinning centers generated by electron irradiation
Authors: Ibragimova E M , Mussaeva M A , Shodiev A A , Iskandarov N E , Nazarov K T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Artificial pinning center lattice formed in HTSC both chemically and by irradiation is believed to increase critical current and field although Abrikosov vortex core is in the normal state. The paper presents SEM-EDS, XRD and Hall effect (80-300 K at magnetic field 0.55 Tesla) data in YBCO microfilm on 276-steel tape with metal coating exposed to 5 MeV electrons (1014 cm-2 at 400 nA) in air. No long-living radioisotope was generated. This irradiation resulted in structure modification of microinterfaces YBCO-AgCu, ten times decrease in the magneto-resistance >T
c, increase in the 2nd type phase transition steep. The charge carrier mobility μ decreased by a few orders of value, especially at T <100 K and 280 K, where Cooper pairs and magnons condensate, respectively. Within 80-300 K the tape is in mixed magnetic states of YBCO and steel substrate, thereby providing effective flux pinning by highly correlated non-superconducting state.
Anisotropic scattering of charge carriers in double continuous solid solutions of the niobium-vanadium system
Authors: Kuvandikov O K , Hamrayev N S , Rajabov R M , Hamrayeva N N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of anisotropic scattering of charge carriers in double continuous solid solutions of the niobium-vanadium system. It has experimentally investigated the temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient of V, Nb and five continuous solid solutions of V-Nb system at the temperature range 77-1000K. The authors have constructed the concentration dependence of R for the temperature 77K, 300K, 600K and 900K and calculated electronic zone parameters of such samples as concentration of conduction electrons n, Fermi wave vector kf, Fermi velocity vf and Fermi energy Ef using the obtained experimental data on R(T) dependence.
Simulation of natural convection in a solar collector
Authors: Jumaev Jura , Kodirov Jobir , Mirzaev Shavkat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The process of natural convection in a flat solar collector, which was designed by the authors, was mathematically modeled using experimental data. Stones were used as storage means. The inclined collector is expressed as a two-dimensional plate for modeling. The initial and boundary conditions were formulated. It was assumed that the flow in this region is laminar. To simulate the flow of natural air convection, a system of non-stationary partial differential equations was chosen based on the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy in the Boussinesq approximation. The equations were solved in a dimensionless form using the finite difference method and an explicit scheme. The picture of the temperature fields and the appearance of convection was obtained on the basis of experimental temperature data in the inlet and outlet zones of the collector, as well as on the surface of the heat accumulator during the day. To evaluate the effectiveness of the resulting model an average approximation error (approximation) of 7.7% was established. The results obtained in specific values of the Grashof and Prandtl numbers are presented in the form of graphs.
Mathematical modelling and research of output spectrum of synthesizers based on high-speed DAC for 5G
Authors: Yakimenko K A , Romashov V V , Doktorov A N , Sochneva N A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper presents a mathematical model of the output signal of high-speed digital-to-analogue converters in special operating modes. This model simulates the output signal of a high-speed digital-to-analogue converters in time and frequency domain for the research of their frequency spectrum. The model consists of nonlinearities which cause undesirable frequency components (spurs) in the output spectrum. These are nonlinearities due to output signal sampling, phase code truncation and amplitude quantization errors. The paper describes PLL+DAC synthesizer which allows reducing the number and level of spurs in output spectrum.
Data augmentation by using gans and image transformation in facial emotion classification
Authors: Huang Hongpei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We propose different approach combinations including GANs and image transformation in facial emotion classification especially for FER-2013 dataset. Our goal is not to reach the highest accuracy for this dataset, but to compare and verify the data augmentation effects for several main GAN methods such as Vanilla GAN, CGAN, DCGAN and BiGAN. We used these GAN models to generate fake images and put them to our train dataset. And the data together was through image transformation to train in the CNN model that we designed to perform facial emotion classification. Base on the result when we used some GANs (BiGAN/DCGAN) and image transformation, the accuracy of the model indeed has been improved. The best combination data augmentation approaches in this paper are using image transformation and DCGAN.
Detect small object based on FCOS and adaptive feature fusion
Authors: Wu Ziang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Object identification has always been a difficult issue in the field of computer vision, where the objective is to identify the location and kind of particular objects in images. Convolutional neural networks have achieved significant advancements in accuracy and speed, and this is mostly due to their quick evolution. However, in practical applications, the detection of small objects is still an unresolved problem. Due to the sparse pixel information of small target, it is relatively difficult to extract small target features effectively. Although many methods have made significant progress, the detection rate and recall rate both have space for improvement under various conditions. This study suggests a small object detection technique that utilizes feature map weight self allocation and single-stage detection model FCOS to further increase the recall and accuracy of small object detection., which is used in aerial photography dataset and airport foreign object dataset respectively. The average detection accuracy and recall of the technique are roughly 10% higher than the baseline, as shown by the quantitative and qualitative trial findings, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adaptive feature fusion approach.