bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum duration of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: protocol for a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hu Qiancheng , Ye Daoli , Xudong Zhao , Wang Qingfeng , Gou Hongfeng , Luo Ting 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe type of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy is not clear, nor is the optimum duration of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with early breast cancer. Our study aims to satisfy the requirements for systematically identifying and synthesising the available evidence on the clinical safety and efficacy of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer.Methods and analysisA comprehensive electronic literature database search will be performed using three electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase (Ovid interface). Our main outcomes of interest were overall survival, disease-free survival, relapse-free survival, invasive contralateral breast cancer, acceptability and grades 3 and 4 non-haematological toxicities in this study. We will assess the risk of bias and overall quality of evidence using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation, respectively. We will perform subgroup and sensitivity analyses in the selected trials. We will assess the three key assumptions of network meta-analysis: transitivity, consistency and homogeneity.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was preregistered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database. Ethics approval and patient consent are not required for the network meta-analysis. The final results of this network meta-analysis will be disseminated through national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021278271.
Genetic coding variant in complement factor B (CFB) is associated with increased risk for perianal Crohn’s disease and leads to impaired CFB cleavage and phagocytosis
Authors: Akhlaghpour Marzieh , Haritunians Talin , More Shyam K , Thomas Lisa S , Stamps Dalton T , Dube Shishir , Li Dalin , Yang Shaohong , Landers Carol J , Mengesha Emebet , Hamade Hussein , Murali Ramachandran , Potdar Alka A , Wolf Andrea J , Botwin Gregory J , Khrom Michelle ,   International IBD Genetics Consortium, Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N , Faubion William A , Jabri Bana , Lira Sergio A , Newberry Rodney D , Sandler Robert S , Sartor R Balfour , Xavier Ramnik J , Brant Steven R , Cho Judy H , Duerr Richard H , Lazarev Mark G , Rioux John D , Schumm L Philip , Silverberg Mark S , Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip , Melmed Gil Y , Vasiliauskas Eric A , Ha Christina , Rabizadeh Shervin , Syal Gaurav , Bonthala Nirupama N , Ziring David A , Targan Stephan R , Long Millie D , McGovern Dermot P B , Michelsen Kathrin S 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivePerianal Crohn’s disease (pCD) occurs in up to 40% of patients with CD and is associated with poor quality of life, limited treatment responses and poorly understood aetiology. We performed a genetic association study comparing CD subjects with and without perianal disease and subsequently performed functional follow-up studies for a pCD associated SNP inComplement Factor B(CFB).DesignImmunochip-based meta-analysis on 4056 pCD and 11 088 patients with CD from three independent cohorts was performed. Serological and clinical variables were analysed by regression analyses. Risk allele of rs4151651 was introduced into human CFB plasmid by site-directed mutagenesis. Binding of recombinant G252 or S252 CFB to C3b and its cleavage was determined in cell-free assays. Macrophage phagocytosis in presence of recombinant CFB or serum fromCFBrisk, or protective CD or healthy subjects was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsPerianal complications were associated with colonic involvement, OmpC and ASCA serology, and serology quartile sum score. We identified a genetic association for pCD (rs4151651), a non-synonymous SNP (G252S) inCFB, in all three cohorts. Recombinant S252 CFB had reduced binding to C3b, its cleavage was impaired, and complement-driven phagocytosis and cytokine secretion were reduced compared with G252 CFB. Serine 252 generates a de novo glycosylation site in CFB. Serum from homozygous risk patients displayed significantly decreased macrophage phagocytosis compared with non-risk serum.ConclusionpCD-associated rs4151651 inCFBis a loss-of-function mutation that impairs its cleavage, activation of alternative complement pathway, and pathogen phagocytosis thus implicating the alternative complement pathway and CFB in pCD aetiology.
Impact on stable chest pain pathways of CT fractional flow reserve
Authors: O'Leary Rachel A , Burn Julie , Urwin Samuel G , Sims Andrew J , Beattie Anna , Bagnall Alan 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of introducing CT fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) on stable chest pain pathways, concordance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) chest pain guidelines, resource usage and revascularisation of patients from a tertiary UK cardiac centre rapid access chest pain clinic (RACPC).MethodsSingle-centre before and after study comparing data from electronic records and Strategic Tracing Service of all RACPC patients attending between 1 July 2017 and 31 December 2017, and 1 August 2018 and 31 January 2019.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty-eight and 287 patients (overall mean age 62 years, range 26–89 years, 48.3% male), were eligible for first-line CT coronary angiography (CTCA) pre-FFRCTand post-FFRCT, respectively. First-line CTCA use per NICE Guideline CG95 increased (50.6% pre-FFRCTvs 75.7% post-FFRCT, p<0.001). More patients reached pathway endpoint (revascularisation or assumed medical management) after one investigation (74.9% pre-FFRCTvs 84.9% post-FFRCT, p=0.005). There were fewer stress (22.8% pre-FFRCTvs 7.7% post-FFRCT, p<0.001) and rest (10.4% pre-FFRCTvs 4.2% post-FFRCT, p=0.007) myocardial perfusion scans and diagnostic-only angiograms (25.5% vs 13.7%, p<0.001). Despite fewer invasive procedures (29.3% pre-FFRCTvs 17.6% post-FFRCT, p=0.002), revascularisation rates remained similar (10.4% pre-FFRCTvs 8.8% post-FFRCT, p=0.561). Avoiding invasive investigations reduced inpatient admissions (39.0% pre-FFRCTvs 24.3% post-FFRCT, p<0.001). Time to revascularisation was unchanged (153.5 days pre-FFRCTvs 142.0 post-FFRCT, p=0.925). Unplanned hospital attendances, emergency admissions and adverse events were similar.ConclusionsFFRCTadoption was associated with greater compliance with NICE guidelines, reduced invasive diagnostic angiography, planned admissions and needing more than one test to reach a pathway endpoint.
Rescue intracranial permanent stenting for refractory occlusion following thrombectomy: a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Ifergan Heloise , Dargazanli Cyril , Ben Hassen Wagih , Hak Jean-Francois , Gory Benjamin , Ognard Julien , Premat Kevin , Marnat Gaultier , Kerleroux Basile , Zhu François , Bellanger Guillaume , Sporns Peter B , Charbonnier Guillaume , Forestier Géraud , Caroff Jildaz , Fauché Cédric , Clarençon Frédéric , Janot Kevin , Lapergue Bertrand , Boulouis Gregoire 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundRescue intracranial stenting (RIS) can be used in refractory large vessel occlusion (LVO) after mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of RIS versus a propensity matched sample of patients with persistent LVO.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed a multicenter retrospective pooled cohort of patients with anterior LVO (2015−2021) treated with MT, and identified patients with at least three passes and a modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score of 0 to 2a. Propensity score matching was used to account for determinants of outcome in patients with or without RIS. The study outcomes included 3 months modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (HT).Results420 patients with a refractory anterior occlusion were included, of which 101 were treated with RIS (mean age 69 years). Favorable outcome (mRS 0–2) was more frequent in patients with a patent stent at day 1 (53% vs 6%, P<0.001), which was independently associated with an early dual antiplatelet regimen (P<0.05). In the propensity matched sample, patients treated with RIS versus without RIS had similar rates of favorable outcomes (36.8% vs 30.3%, P=0.606). Patients with RIS showed a favorable shift in the overall mRS distributions (common adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.91, P=0.006). Symptomatic HT was marginally more frequent in the RIS group (9% vs 3%, P=0.07), and there was no difference in 3-month mortality.ConclusionIn selected patients with a refractory intracranial occlusion despite at least three thrombectomy passes, RIS may be associated with an overall shift towards more favorable clinical outcome, and no significant increase in the odds of symptomatic HT or death.
Visual dysfunction is a better predictor than retinal thickness for dementia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hannaway Naomi , Zarkali Angeliki , Leyland Louise-Ann , Bremner Fion , Nicholas Jennifer M , Wagner Siegfried K , Roig Matthew , Keane Pearse A , Toosy Ahmed , Chataway Jeremy , Weil Rimona Sharon 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundDementia is a common and devastating symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Visual function and retinal structure are both emerging as potentially predictive for dementia in Parkinson’s but lack longitudinal evidence.MethodsWe prospectively examined higher order vision (skew tolerance and biological motion) and retinal thickness (spectral domain optical coherence tomography) in 100 people with PD and 29 controls, with longitudinal cognitive assessments at baseline, 18 months and 36 months. We examined whether visual and retinal baseline measures predicted longitudinal cognitive scores using linear mixed effects models and whether they predicted onset of dementia, death and frailty using time-to-outcome methods.ResultsPatients with PD with poorer baseline visual performance scored lower on a composite cognitive score (β=0.178, SE=0.05, p=0.0005) and showed greater decreases in cognition over time (β=0.024, SE=0.001, p=0.013). Poorer visual performance also predicted greater probability of dementia (χ² (1)=5.2, p=0.022) and poor outcomes (χ² (1) =10.0, p=0.002). Baseline retinal thickness of the ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer did not predict cognitive scores or change in cognition with time in PD (β=−0.013, SE=0.080, p=0.87; β=0.024, SE=0.001, p=0.12).ConclusionsIn our deeply phenotyped longitudinal cohort, visual dysfunction predicted dementia and poor outcomes in PD. Conversely, retinal thickness had less power to predict dementia. This supports mechanistic models for Parkinson’s dementia progression with onset in cortical structures and shows potential for visual tests to enable stratification for clinical trials.
Physical functioning following spinal cord stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: ElSaban Mariam , Kleppel Donald J , Kubrova Eva , Martinez Alvarez Gabriel A , Hussain Nasir , D'Souza Ryan S 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as an important treatment for chronic pain disorders. While there is evidence supporting improvement in pain intensity with SCS therapy, efforts to synthesize the evidence on physical functioning are lacking.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this meta-analysis was to assess long-term physical function following 12 months of SCS for chronic back pain.Evidence reviewPubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched for original peer-reviewed publications investigating physical function following SCS. The primary outcome was physical function at 12 months following SCS therapy for chronic back pain compared with baseline. A random effects model with an inverse variable method was used. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to determine the certainty of evidence.FindingsA total of 518 studies were screened, of which 36 were included. Twenty-two studies were pooled in the meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores at all time frames up to 24 months following implantation. Pooled results revealed significant improvement in ODI scores at 12 months with a mean difference of −17.00% (95% CI −23.07 to −10.94, p<0.001). There was a very low certainty of evidence in this finding as per the GRADE framework. There was no significant difference in subgroup analyses based on study design (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) vs non-RCTs), study funding, or stimulation type.ConclusionThis meta-analysis highlights significant improvements in physical function after SCS therapy. However, this finding was limited by a very low GRADE certainty of evidence and high heterogeneity.
Forest-skein groups II: Construction from homogeneously presented monoids
Authors: Brothier Arnaud 
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the reconstruction program of conformal field theories of Vaughan Jones we recently introduced a vast class of the so-called forest-skein groups. They are built from a skein presentation: a set of colors and a set of pairs of colored trees. Each nice skein presentation produces four groups similar to Richard Thompson’s group [Formula: see text] and the braided version [Formula: see text] of Brin and Dehornoy. In this paper, we consider forest-skein groups obtained from one-dimensional skein presentations; the data of a homogeneous monoid presentation. We decompose these groups as wreath products. This permits to classify them up to isomorphisms. Moreover, we prove that a number of properties of the fraction group of the monoid pass through the forest-skein groups such as the Haagerup property, homological and topological finiteness properties, and orderability.
The first mapping of the Moine Thrust Belt, NW Scotland: the progress of Peach, Horne and colleagues (1883–1936)
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Moine Thrust Belt in NW Scotland is fundamental for developing an understanding of complex fault systems and continental tectonics. The high-quality geological mapping, exceptional structural interpretation and insight of the late nineteenth century that underpins this is chronicled here. The Geological Survey of Great Britain mapped the thrust belt over a 14 year period, at 1:10 560, but it took five decades for the individual 1:63 360 map sheets to be published. The mapping itself was hampered by access problems, illness and prevailing weather. The deployment of expert staff to this region of few apparent economic resources threatened the status of the Geological Survey. Map publication was hindered by the transition from hand-coloured to full-colour printing, together with the restrictions of publishing to a strict grid that incorporated complex geology outside the thrust belt itself. This history of fieldwork, publication and outreach by the Geological Survey is placed in an environmental and logistical context to identify the challenges not only for the mapping itself but also in sharing the results in publication. The execution of these activities provides lessons for developing coherent interpretation in complex geology and the challenges in charting their uncertainties and alternative explanations.
Decentralized Inverse Transparency with Blockchain
Authors: Zieglmeier Valentin , Loyola Daiqui Gabriel , Pretschner Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Employee data can be used to facilitate work, but their misusage may pose risks for individuals.Inverse transparencytherefore aims to track all usages of personal data, allowing individuals to monitor them to ensure accountability for potential misusage. This necessitates a trusted log to establish an agreed-upon and non-repudiable timeline of events. The unique properties of blockchain facilitate this by providing immutability and availability. For power asymmetric environments such as the workplace, permissionless blockchain is especially beneficial as no trusted third party is required. Yet, two issues remain: (1) In a decentralized environment, no arbiter can facilitate and attest to data exchanges. Simple peer-to-peer sharing of data, conversely, lacks the required non-repudiation. (2) With data governed by privacy legislation such as the GDPR, the core advantage of immutability becomes a liability. After a rightful request, an individual’s personal data need to be rectified or deleted, which is impossible in an immutable blockchain.To solve these issues, we presentKovacs, a decentralized data exchange and usage logging system for inverse transparency built on blockchain. Its new-usage protocol ensures non-repudiation, and therefore accountability, for inverse transparency. Its one-time pseudonym generation algorithm guarantees unlinkability and enables proof of ownership, which allows data subjects to exercise their legal rights regarding their personal data. With our implementation, we show the viability of our solution. The decentralized communication impacts performance and scalability, but exchange duration and storage size are still reasonable. More importantly, the provided information security meets high requirements. We conclude thatKovacsrealizes decentralized inverse transparency through secure and GDPR-compliant use of permissionless blockchain.
Defective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Despite Full Vaccination in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Zitvogel Laurence , Derosa Lisa , Kroemer Guido 
Published: April 2023

Summary:
In patients with multiple myeloma, completion of mRNA-based vaccination schemes failed to yield detectable SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing antibodies and S1-RBD–specific CD8+ T cells in approximately 60% and 80% of the cases, respectively. Patients who develop breakthrough infections exhibited very low levels of live-virus neutralizing antibodies and the absence of follicular T helper cells.
See related article by Azeem et al., p. 106 (9).
See related article by Chang et al., p. 1684 (10).
A review of the behaviours of the Chondrichthyes: a multi-species ethogram for the chimaeras, sharks, and rays
Authors: Klimley A. Peter , Porcher Ila F. , Clua Eric E.G. , Pratt Harold L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this review of the behavioural patterns of chondrichthyan fishes, we have strived to produce a comprehensive catalogue of events and states and develop standardized terminology. Hence, actions that are slightly different, will be pooled under inclusive titles. Those used by different investigators are included in quotations within the textual descriptions of the motor patterns. This standardized ethogram will ideally lead to an increase in inter-observer reliability, giving researchers more confidence when reading colleagues’ papers that report behaviours that appear similar to theirs despite being described for different species. The descriptions are presented under the following categories: (1) maintenance (2) courtship (3) filter feeding (4) scavenging (5) predation (6) sociality (7) aggression and (8) defence. The many actions are illustrated by line drawings and photographs in composite figures with an attempt to provide an example of each action for a chimaera, shark, and ray. The diversity of patterns is evident from this ethogram, consistent with observation that the brain-to-body mass ratios of cartilaginous fishes are greater than a third of the bird species and greater than those for some mammalian species. The major impetus for assembling this ethogram is to demonstrate the diversity of behaviours exhibited by members of the Chondrichthyes and to dispel the apocryphal belief that members of this taxon are ‘simple feeding machines’.
Prediction Skill and Practical Predictability Depending on the Initial Atmospheric States in S2S Forecasts
Authors: Inatsu Masaru , Matsueda Mio , Nakano Naoto , Kawazoe Sho 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The hypothesis that predictability depends on the atmospheric state in the planetary-scale low-frequency variability in boreal winter was examined. We first computed six typical weather patterns from 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere using self-organizing map (SOM) and k-clustering analysis. Next, using 11 models from the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) operational and reforecast archive, we computed each model’s climatology as a function of lead time to evaluate model bias. Although the forecast bias depends on the model, it is consistently the largest when the forecast begins from the atmospheric state with a blocking-like pattern in the eastern North Pacific. Moreover, the ensemble-forecast spread based on S2S multimodel forecast data was compared with empirically estimated Fokker–Planck equation (FPE) parameters based on reanalysis data. The multimodel mean ensemble-forecast spread was correlated with the diffusion tensor norm; they are large for the cases when the atmospheric state started from a cluster with a blocking-like pattern. As the multimodel mean is expected to substantially reduce model biases and may approximate the predictability inherent in nature, we can summarize that the atmospheric state corresponding to the cluster was less predictable than others.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of week-to-month forecasts by analyzing multimodel forecast results. We established the hypothesis proposed by the previous studies that the accuracy of forecasts depended on the atmospheric state. Together with the data-based method on predictability, an atmospheric state with the anticyclone anomaly in the eastern North Pacific exhibited low predictability. Our results provide a method to foresee the ability of week-to-month forecasts.
Decoding the Variations in the Female Labour Supply in Rural India: Empirical Evidences Based on Previous NSSO Datasets
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar 
Published: April 2023

The female labour force participation rate (LFPR) in India has been persistently declining and has exhibited an unusual pattern over the years, which deviates from the discourse of a U-shaped relationship between female LFPR and economic growth. The article is an attempt to provide some of the empirical foundations to the female LFPR in rural India, and further delves into a comprehensive understanding of the effects of different factors like household, social, economic and personal factors, empirically through previous NSSO data sets. The data sets used in the study are from NSSO 50, that is, from 1993-94 to NSSO 66, that is, 2009-10, to ascertain the factors that were significant over the years in determining the female LFPR in rural areas. These variables were tested to gain an understanding on the variations in female labour supply in rural India. Being cognisant and by problematising some of the significant factors that affected the female LFPR in the past, the article demands the state to exercise policies beyond its neoliberal framework and the ‘Keynesian welfare-state’ model of ‘superficial’ social security. Methodologically, three models were further created based on the NSSO 66 data set to showcase the perennial discouraged-worker effects among the females in LFPR in rural India. The article further empirically tests Jacob Mincer’s theory: ‘substitution effect dominating the income effect’ in the decision of females entering the labour market in rural India and shows empirically how it does not hold in the Indian context, thereby an attempt on debunking the mainstream theory. JEL Codes: J10, J21, J64, C18