bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐frequency variability of carbon dioxide fluxes in tidal water over a temperate salt marsh
Authors: Song Shuzhen , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Kroeger Kevin D. , Eagle Meagan , Chu Sophie N. , Ge Jianzhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExisting analyses of salt marsh carbon budgets rarely quantify carbon loss as CO2 through the air–water interface in inundated marshes. This study estimates the variability of partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and air–water CO2 fluxes over summer and fall of 2014 and 2015 using high‐frequency measurements of tidal water pCO2 in a salt marsh of the U.S. northeast region. Monthly mean CO2 effluxes varied in the range of 5.4–25.6 mmol m−2 marsh d−1 (monthly median: 4.8–24.7 mmol m−2 marsh d−1) during July to November from the tidal creek and tidally‐inundated vegetated platform. The source of CO2 effluxes was partitioned between the marsh and estuary using a mixing model. The monthly mean marsh‐contributed CO2 effluxes accounted for a dominant portion (69%) of total CO2 effluxes in the inundated marsh, which was 3–23% (mean 13%) of the corresponding lateral flux rate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from marsh to estuary. Photosynthesis in tidal water substantially reduced the CO2 evasion, accounting for 1–86% (mean 31%) of potential CO2 evasion and 2–26% (mean 11%) of corresponding lateral transport DIC fluxes, indicating the important role of photosynthesis in controlling the air–water CO2 evasion in the inundated salt marsh. This study demonstrates that CO2 evasion from inundated salt marshes is a significant loss term for carbon that is fixed within marshes.
Hyperuniform Disordered Solids with Morphology Engineering
Authors: Wan Dian , Li Ting , Chen Si , Chen Weicheng , Hu Haofeng , Set Sze Yun , Yamashita Shinji , Shen Li , Zou Yi , Liu Tiegen , Cheng Zhenzhou 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHyperuniform disordered solid (HUDS) structures can provide large, uniform, complete, and isotropic light confinement at the nanoscale after precise design. Based on the HUDS structures, in‐plane light confinement for developing photonic integrated circuits is also explored. To improve the performance of HUDS devices, researchers have mainly focused on cell size or cell distribution optimization in HUDS, which suffers from time‐consuming computation or moderate photonic bandgap (PBG) modification. Here, a morphology engineering method is demonstrated to tailor HUDS PBGs and improve HUDS waveguide devices for transverse electric mode. The results show that the Bezier‐curve‐decorated HUDS devices can achieve a maximum of about 75% PBG width increase, 1.5 dB transmittance improvement in a 10 µm long HUDS waveguide, improved quality factors of HUDS‐cladding microring resonators, and device fabrication compatibility with foundry processing. This study opens new avenues for the development of unprecedented devices for exploring light field regulation, nonlinear optics, and sensing.
Spherically complete models of Hensel minimal valued fields
Authors: Bradley‐Williams David B. , Halupczok Immanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe prove that Hensel minimal expansions of finitely ramified Henselian valued fields admit spherically complete immediate elementary extensions. More precisely, the version of Hensel minimality we use is 0‐hmix‐minimality (which, in equi‐characteristic 0, amounts to 0‐h‐minimality).
Development and characterization of titanium oxide filled ramie fiber based hybrid composites
Authors: Mahapatra Sourav Kumar , Satapathy Alok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis investigation aims to develop and characterize a class of multi‐phase hybrid composites consisting of bi‐directional ramie fibers, epoxy resin and micro‐sized titania (TiO2) particles in different proportions. Conventional hand layup technique is followed for fabrication of these composite slabs with fixed fiber fraction but different filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The composites are subjected to different physical, compositional, and mechanical characterization tests under controlled laboratory conditions. The microstructural features of the composites are studied using scanning electron microscopy and stereo‐microscopy. For the compositional analysis, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique are adopted. The functional groups present in the constituent materials are identified and so also the different phases in the composites. The different characterization tests reveal that with the incorporation of hard titania particles, the tensile, flexural, inter‐laminar shear strength, hardness, and impact strength improve. Similarly, the density and moisture absorption behavior are also found to be greatly affected by the inclusion of fillers. Armed with reasonably good mechanical properties and improved hardness, these epoxy‐ramie composites filled with titania micro‐particles may possibly find applications as functional materials in potential areas like wear prone situations.Highlights
Hybridization of ramie‐epoxy composite by additional reinforcement of TiO2.
Physical properties of the composites are affected by the inclusion of fillers.
Mechanical properties of composites improved with filler content.
The developed composites can be used for wear resistant applications.
Artificial intelligence in obstetric ultrasound: A scoping review
Authors: Horgan Rebecca , Nehme Lea , Abuhamad Alfred 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective is to summarize the current use of artificial intelligence (AI) in obstetric ultrasound. PubMed, Cochrane Library, andClinicalTrials.govdatabases were searched using the following keywords “neural networks”, OR “artificial intelligence”, OR “machine learning”, OR “deep learning”, AND “obstetrics”, OR “obstetrical”, OR “fetus”, OR “foetus”, OR “fetal”, OR “foetal”, OR “pregnancy”, or “pregnant”, AND “ultrasound” from inception through May 2022. The search was limited to the English language. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described the use of AI in obstetric ultrasound. Obstetric ultrasound was defined as the process of obtaining ultrasound images of a fetus, amniotic fluid, or placenta. AI was defined as the use of neural networks, machine learning, or deep learning methods. The authors’ search identified a total of 127 papers that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The current uses of AI in obstetric ultrasound include first trimester pregnancy ultrasound, assessment of placenta, fetal biometry, fetal echocardiography, fetal neurosonography, assessment of fetal anatomy, and other uses including assessment of fetal lung maturity and screening for risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. AI holds the potential to improve the ultrasound efficiency, pregnancy outcomes in low resource settings, detection of congenital malformations and prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Safety and effectiveness of ambrisentan in real clinical practice in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the Korean post‐marketing surveillance
Authors: Jeon Kina , Yoo Sang‐Bae , Lee Yoonhee , Lee Eun‐Bin , Kim Hyung‐Kwan , Chang Hyuk‐Jae , Chang Sung‐A 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThis regulatory post‐marketing surveillance (PMS) was organized to identify the safety and effectiveness of ambrisentan in the Korean population.MethodThis was an open‐label, multi‐center PMS conducted from 31 institutions in Korea for 6 years from August 2015 to 2021, to evaluate the use of ambrisentan for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Inclusion criteria are Korean subjects with the World Health Organization functional classification (WHO Fc) II or III PAH who are new users or repeated users with ambrisentan (Volibris®) Tablet 5 or 10 mg per day (age >18 years old).ResultsA total of 293 cases were analyzed. The overall incidence of adverse events (AE) was 52.22% and adverse drug reactions (ADR) was 10.92%. Severe AEs occurred in 20.82% of patients. However, only 2 subjects (0.68%) reported serious ADR. The difference in AE incidence was statistically significant for concomitant medications other than PAH medications in the safety analysis and the new users (p = 0.0041 and p = 0.0299, respectively) and elderly population in the repeated users (p = 0.0319). Among the long‐term 223 subjects, the WHO Fc II and III were 41.26% and 58.74% before ambrisentan, and changed after treatment to 3.09%, 66.05%, and 30.86% for Fc I/II/III, respectively. 217 of 249 subjects (87.15%) considered their symptoms to have ‘improved’ after the last administration.ConclusionIn real‐world practice, ambrisentan demonstrated tolerable safety and favorable effectiveness in PAH patients in Korea. Age and concomitant drug use can affect the occurrence of AE.
Effect of polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer and two commercial toughening agents on the flame retardancy and smoke emission of rigid polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Jun , Xu Hua , Yuan Lijuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, different test methods were used to investigate the flame retardancy and smoke emission of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) toughened with polycarbonate‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (PC‐b‐PDMS) and two other commercial toughening agents. The oxygen index result and heat release curves in the cone calorimetry test showed that toughened PVC has reduced flame retardancy compared to unmodified PVC. However, the vertical combustion test showed that all samples have achieved the highest flame retardant rating, indicating that the flame resistance of these toughened PVC is still adequate for use. In terms of smoke emission, the results of the cone calorimetry test and the smoke density test showed a significant difference. In the smoke density test, it was found that PVC toughened with PC‐b‐PDMS has less smoke generation in the early stage of combustion. In the cone calorimetry test, the total smoke production was lower for PVC and significantly higher for toughened PVC. This difference was mainly due to the different test conditions of these two tests.
Analysis of the crystal structure of a parallel three‐stranded coiled coil
Authors: de March Matteo , Hickey Neal , Geremia Silvano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere, we present the crystal structure of the synthetic peptide KE1, which contains four K‐coil heptads separated in the middle by the QFLMLMF heptad. The structure determination reveals the presence of a canonical parallel three stranded coiled coil. The geometric characteristics of this structure are compared with other coiled coils with the same topology. Furthermore, for this topology, the analysis of the propensity of the single amino acid to occupy a specific position in the heptad sequence is reported. A number of viral proteins use specialized coiled coil tail needles to inject their genetic material into the host cells. The simplicity and regularity of the coiled coil arrangement made it an attractive system for de novo design of key molecules in drug delivery systems, vaccines, and therapeutics.
Clinical decision support for chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia using a hybrid pharmacodynamic/machine learning model
Authors: Hughes Jasmine H. , Tong Dominic M. H. , Burns Vanessa , Daly Bobby , Razavi Pedram , Boelens Jaap J. , Goswami Srijib , Keizer Ron J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsensus guidelines recommend use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor in patients deemed at risk of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia, however, these risk models are limited in the factors they consider and miss some cases of neutropenia. Clinical decision making could be supported using models that better tailor their predictions to the individual patient using the wealth of data available in electronic health records (EHRs). Here, we present a hybrid pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD)/machine learning (ML) approach that uses predictions and individual Bayesian parameter estimates from a PKPD model to enrich an ML model built on her data. We demonstrate this approach using models developed on a large real‐world data set of 9121 patients treated for lymphoma, breast, or thoracic cancer. We also investigate the benefits of augmenting the training data using synthetic data simulated with the PKPD model. We find that PKPD‐enrichment of ML models improves prediction of grade 3–4 neutropenia, as measured by higher precision (61%) and recall (39%) compared to PKPD model predictions (47%, 33%) or base ML model predictions (51%, 31%). PKPD augmentation of ML models showed minor improvements in recall (44%) but not precision (56%), and data augmentation required careful tuning to control overfitting its predictions to the PKPD model. PKPD enrichment of ML shows promise for leveraging both the physiology‐informed predictions of PKPD and the ability of ML to learn predictor‐outcome relationships from large data sets to predict patient response to drugs in a clinical precision dosing context.
A comparative study on the short‐term clinical outcomes of Da Vinci SP versus Da Vinci Xi for rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Alshalawi Wed , Lee Chul Seung , Kim Byung Chul , Han Seung Rim , Kim In Kyeong , Bae Jung Hoon , Lee In Kyu , Lee Dosang , Lee Yoon Suk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThe Da Vinci SP robot system was recently introduced, but its safety and feasibility for rectal cancer compared with the currently used robot system have not been reported.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective study. Data from patients who underwent abdominal total mesorectal excision (TME) from October 2015 to October 2022 were analysed. After propensity score matching, the short‐term outcomes were compared.ResultsA total of 56 patient data were analysed. Intersphincteric resection was more common in the SP group (7 cases (25%) vs. 0 case (0%), p = 0.001). The operation time was significantly shorter in SP (184 vs. 227.5 min, p < 0.0001), but the docking time was similar. The postoperative complications were similar. There were no differences in the postoperative pain score and length of hospital stay.ConclusionThe SP robotic system for abdominal TME has acceptable short‐term and is safe and technically feasible.
Forest floor and Na azide effect on elements in leachate from contrasting New Hampshire and Virginia forest soils
Authors: Street Bailee B. , Rice Alexandrea M. , Richardson Justin B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs northeastern forests experience increased temperatures and fluctuations in precipitation patterns, montane soils will lose forest floor (Oi, Oe, Oa horizons) formation and their associated ecosystem services. Here, we conducted comparative laboratory soil column experiments to examine the effects of forest floor on sourcing and weathering of macroelements (Al, Si), macronutrients (Ca, Mg, P), and micronutrients (Cu and Zn) from two contrasting soils: a supraglacial‐till Inceptisol (Mt. Moosilauke, NH) and colluvium Ultisol (Lesesne State Forest, VA). Forest floor addition caused a significant increase in the leaching of Ca, Mg, and Mn in the two soils. The forest floor only control leachate indicates the two mineral soils were net accumulators of Al, Si, P, Cu, and Zn from the forest floor. Using partition coefficient, Kd, values, leachate Ca and Mg could be sourced directly from the forest floor traversing the soil column. We aimed to assess the biotic influence on element release from soil using a Na azide treatment to suppress microbial activities. Under Na azide treatments, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu leachate decreased significantly for both soils, but Na azide also did not affect or increased leachate Si, P, Cu, and Zn for the Lesesne soil. We attribute the effects from Na azide to changes in pH, dissolved organic carbon, and oxidation‐reduction potential as opposed to suppression of microbes. Thus, our results suggest that the loss of the forest floor will reduce the storage of nutrients in the mineral soil, even across varying parent materials.
Performance analysis of satellite link using Gaussian mixture model under rain
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Arnon Shlomi 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe evolution of communication systems to the next generation, for example, B5G and 6G, demands an ultrareliable performance regardless of weather conditions. Such ultrareliable system design will require that the effects of adverse weather events on the communication system have to be computed more accurately so that physical layer compensation should be optimally and dynamically adaptive to such events. The performance of satellite links is severely affected by dynamic rain attenuation, and thus, accurate and reliable modeling of performance parameters is essential for dynamic fade countermeasures, especially above 10 GHz. In this work, we model the energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio (
) using Gaussian mixture (GM) model during rainy events. The developed mathematical expression is used to accurately model the average
, bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and ergodic channel capacity of the link. The average BER, upper bound on BER, and average ergodic capacity of an M‐ary phase shift keying scheme (MPSK) using the GM model of
are derived to evaluate the performance of the link under such weather impairments. We then show the numerical results and analysis using the GM model of the measured
data obtained with the AMoS‐7 satellite at a site located in Israel.
Effective affordable housing provision in developing economies: An evaluation of expert opinion
Authors: Akinwande Timothy , Hui Eddie C. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHousing the urban poor is a prevalent challenge in developing economies, regardless of the research attention and policy interventions over the years. It becomes essential to employ innovative approaches in investigating the challenge of affordable housing (AH) provision to achieve effective AH provision in developing economies. It is pragmatic to thoroughly explore expert solutions to the difficult task of housing the urban poor. To achieve this, focus group discussion and semi‐structured interviews with housing experts in Nigeria were conducted in this study. The recordings were transcribed and analysed using NVivo; following descriptive, content and thematic analyses of data we found that deliberate government policies to include the urban poor are the most significant housing solutions consistent across the entire housing supply value chain (HSVC). Major findings are that mainstreaming the use of alternative housing construction materials and strategies, deliberate finance models to target the urban poor and deliberate reservation of some urban land for housing the urban poor are strategies that will enhance AH provision. These are insights into critical solutions to AH constraints and are informative for effective AH provision for the urban poor in Nigeria; an essential ingredient for sustainable development goals. This study is first to explore experts' opinions in relation to HSVC to showcase significant solutions to AH provision challenges. Data from this study are essential for future pro‐poor housing studies. Recommendations are that AH interventions should be informed by research for more effective and sustainable results.
A Water‐Stable Cationic SIFSIX MOF for Luminescent Probing of Cr2O72− via Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Transformation
Authors: Sahoo Rupam , Mondal Supriya , Chand Santanu , Manna Arun K. , Das Madhab C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sensing and monitoring of toxic oxo‐anion contaminants in water are of significant importance to biological and environmental systems. A rare hydro‐stable SIFSIX metal−organic framework, SiF6@MOF‐1, {[Cu(L)2(H2O)2]·(SiF6)(H2O)}n, with exchangeable SiF62− anion in its pore is strategically designed and synthesized, exhibiting selective detection of toxic Cr2O72− oxo‐anion in an aqueous medium having high sensitivity, selectivity, and recyclability through fluorescence quenching phenomena. More importantly, the recognition and ion exchange mechanism is unveiled through the rarely explored single‐crystal‐to‐single crystal (SC‐SC) fashion with well‐resolved structures. A thorough SC‐SC study with interfering anions (Cl−, F−, I−, NO3−, HCO3−, SO42−, SCN−, IO3−) revealed no such transformations to take place, as per line with quenching studies. Density functional theory calculations revealed that despite a lesser binding affinity, Cr2O72− shows strong orbital mixing and large driving forces for electron transfer than SiF62−, and thus enlightens the fluorescence quenching mechanism. This work inaugurates the usage of a SIFSIX MOF toward sensing application domain under aqueous medium where hydrolytic stability is a prime concern for their plausible implementation as sensor materials.
Controlled One‐Step Synthesis of MOF‐on‐MOF Cocatalysts for Two‐Channel Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid
Authors: Liu Shiyu , Song Liang , Liu Rui , Li Lei , Yang Dianhai , Yuan Shijie , Dai Xiaohu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of efficient and highly selective catalysts and rational reactor design play decisive roles in the industrial application of the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this study, a dual‐metal–organic framework (MOF) copper‐based catalytic electrode is designed and prepared in one step by in situ synthesis on a foamed copper substrate. The MOF‐on‐MOF structure can effectively inhibit the generation of H2 and CO, and further enhance the selectivity of HCOOH. Furthermore, by using cheap and durable poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) instead of an expensive and fragile GDE, the optimized reactor design improves the stability and durability of the gas channel and the replaceability of the electrode. The structure‐optimized reactor has a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 89.2% in neutral medium, and an average current density of 26.1 mA cm−2 in the flow cell, which has comparable performance to a GDE and can continue to operate stably. The use of PTFE improves the service life of the gas mass transfer channel, and the independent catalytic electrode can provide good catalytic efficiency. These results provide new insights into the reaction mechanism of structurally recombined double MOFs and PTFE‐optimized CO2RR reactor designs, providing technical support for the practical industrial application of the CO2RR.
Immobilization of Alpha‐Amylase onto Ni2+ Attached Carbon Felt: Investigation of Kinetic Parameters from Potato Wastewater
Authors: Acet Ömür , İnanan Tülden , Koc Eda Ondul , Sert Buse , Önal Acet Burcu , Odabaşı Mehmet , Ocakoglu Kasim , Dizge Nadir 
Published: July 2023

Abstractα‐amylase is an important enzyme for textile, food, paper, and the pharmaceutical industrial areas. In this study, Ni2+ attached carbon felt structures with nitrogen active site (Ni2+‐N‐ACF) are produced. The surface morphologies of the N‐ACF and Ni2+‐N‐ACF are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Ni2+ ions binding on the N‐ACFs are determined by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis and a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The effect of pH, ionic strength, initial α‐amylase concentration, and temperature parameters is investigated for α‐amylase immobilization on Ni2+‐N‐ACF structures. In addition, pH and temperature effect on the activities of the free and the immobilized amylase, kinetic parameters, storage, and operational stabilities are made. Lastly, starch degradation in potato waste water is tested on Ni2+‐N‐ACF. The obtained results show that α‐amylase immobilized Ni2+‐N‐ACF can be used for starch degradation on an industrial scale.