bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learnt from blind competition of shear behavior of fiber‐reinforced concrete T‐beam
Authors: Skadins Ulvis , Cervenka Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe positive effect of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) on shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams is well presented in many experimental studies since 1970s. However, as the main effect of fibers is in the cracking stage, it increases the complexity to analyze such structures numerically. With the increased availability of nonlinear finite element analysis software, structural designers are encouraged to use them to solve complex structural problems. In such cases, understanding and correct definition of material laws in cracked stage of FRC structures are crucial. A blind competition was organized by fib WG 2.4.2 to address this issue. It revealed that the numerical predictions of almost all of the participants overestimated the shear capacity of a T‐beam subjected to bending. The aim of the current study is to demonstrate critical aspects in the definition of input parameters of FRC analysis. A comprehensive parametric analysis is performed considering tensile softening law, shear stiffness, and shear strength definition in cracked stage as well as shrinkage effects. The results suggest that most important aspect is the correct definition of tensile softening law, which should correspond to the lower bound of residual strength obtained by standard notched prisms tests according to EN 14651 or even smaller.
Progress of Metal‐Based Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Agents in Last two Decades and their Comprehensive Biological (DNA/RNA Binding, Cleavage and Cytotoxicity Activity) Studies
Authors: Arjmand Farukh , Yasir Khan Huzaifa , Tabassum Sartaj 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring last two decades, there has been an enormous growth in the discovery of innovative active inorganic anticancer complexes (exerting remarkable cytotoxicity at sub micro‐molar levels) derived from myriad ligand scaffolds, mainly acting on cancerous vs healthy cells by either halting or inhibiting their uncontrolled growth. The phenomenal success of cisplatin to treat numerous forms of solid malignancies has placed metal‐based drugs to the forefront of treatment strategies against cancers. More than 10,000 platinum anticancer complexes have been developed during the past 40 years, but only five drugs have been approved for usage in humans while ten more complexes are currently undergoing clinical trials. Most of the compounds have failed either at R&D stages or in preclinical trails. This has led to extensive investigations by researchers of medicinal chemistry, including our group to design and prepare tailored 3d‐metallo‐drugs and organotin(IV) compounds from some naturally occurring bioactive compounds, such as amino‐acids, peptides, chromone derivatives and NSAID's etc. that were used either alone or in cocktail combination, capable of specifically targeting DNA, lnc RNAs and proteins. Furthermore, 3d‐metal ions such as copper, cobalt and zinc etc. incorporated in these ligand framework are biocompatible and induce a unique multi‐modal mechanism of cytotoxic action involving angiogenesis, ROS‐induced DNA damage, apoptosis by p53 mitochondrial genes and caspases etc. The results observed a positive correlation between the binding affinity of complexes with DNA (as quantified by intrinsic binding constant values) and their cytotoxic behavior. Complexes with high DNA binding propensity were typically lethal against a diverse panel of malignant cell types compared to normal cells.
Ion Pair Catalyst ‐ Pentanidinium
Authors: Qin Yimin , Zhang Zhenqiang , Ye Xinyi , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this account, we further describe our already developed N‐sp2 hybrid guanidinium as an efficient phase‐transfer catalyst and ion pair catalysis based on N‐sp2 hybrid pentanidinium and its application in some new reactions. The sp3 hybrid quaternary ammonium salt has a tetrahedral structure, which means that three sides of it can be effectively steric, allowing the remaining side to be close to the substrate. However, the sp2 hybrid ammonium salt allows the substrate to form ion pairs from both directions respectively, so it is a greater challenge to control the stereoselectivity of the reaction. Van der Waals forces, such as hydrogen bonds and
interactions, have been used to make electrophiles approach from a certain direction, leading to a higher enantioselectivity. Based on the above idea, we designed an N‐sp2 hybrid phase‐transfer catalyst, pentanidinium. Pentanidinium has five conjugated nitrogen atoms, one of which has a formal positive charge, which is necessary for it to become an ion pair catalyst. We have confirmed that pentanidinium can catalyze α‐hydroxylation of 3‐substituted‐2‐oxindoles, Michael addition of 3‐alkyloxindoles with vinyl sulfone, and alkylation reactions of sulfenate anions and dihydrocoumarins, desymmetrization of pro‐chiral sulfinate to afford enantioenriched sulfinate esters. Pentanidinium with side chain structure changes can also be catalyzed efficiently with enantioconvergent halogenophilic nucleophilic substitution, including azidation and thioesterification. In the reaction catalyzed by pentanidinium, it always attracts us with the advantages of low catalytic load and good enantioselectivity.
Aptasensors in environmental forensics: Tracking the silent killers
Authors: Dube Shubhankar , Satish Swathi , Rawtani Deepak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince its inception, environmental forensics has observed expansion of its horizons across several threats to life forms, be it pertaining to wildlife trafficking or tracking the release of effluents containing pharmaceutical drugs, toxins, pesticides, heavy metals, pathogenic microbes, and microplastics. With the substantial growth of pharmaceutical industry over the past few decades, especially with respect to therapeutic personal care products and over the counter drugs, a new threat to environment has emerged from pharmaceutical toxicity. Due to the recalcitrant nature and poor wastewater treatment practices related to these pollutants, they leach into different strata of ecosystem like aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric systems. These drugs pose a threat to several life forms even at trace concentrations. This article aims at providing a profound perspective by exhaustively reviewing several classes of pharmaceutical drugs that are silently threatening the wildlife and environment. The sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of such drugs menacing the environment and wildlife is pertinent and can be achieved through aptamer‐based biosensors known as aptasensors. These are a rising class of biosensors with vast application potential in numerous fields including environmental and wildlife forensics. This article also highlights the gap in research in the availability of rapid sensors for trace detection of drugs in environment hence encouraging researchers to explore the under‐explored potential of aptasensors in environmental forensics. Highly sensitive and selective detection of such drugs is crucial in narrowing down the origin of such pollutants so as to aid the regulatory authorities in enforcing control over their release into environment.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Forensic Food and Environment Analysis
Generalized mathematical formulation for active vibration control of rotating machines with voltage‐driven electrodynamic actuators between machine feet and steel frame foundation
Authors: Werner Ulrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the paper, a generalized mathematical formulation for active vibration control of rotating machines with voltage‐driven electrodynamic actuators between machine feet and steel frame foundation is derived. This generalized mathematical formulation is based on a state space description in the Laplace domain, where the state space vector is lead back, for considering the actuator forces. The aim of the paper is that this generalized mathematical formulation can be used now for arbitrarily models of rotating machines—1D‐, 2D‐, and 3D‐models—with voltage‐driven electrodynamic actuators between machine feet and steel frame foundation, and where the vertical vibration acceleration at each machine foot is lead back to a separate controller. Of course, this mathematical formulation can also be adopt easily to other boundary conditions. As an example, the generalized mathematical formulation is used here for a 1D‐model of a rotating machine, to calculate the poles and the frequency response functions.
A Formal IDE for Railways: Research Challenges
Authors: Cavada Roberto , Cimatti Alessandro , Griggio Alberto , Susi Angelo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of modern railways applications must be supported by trusted tools, able to cover the whole development process. In this paper we report on the research challenges underlying a comprehensive toolset for the design of computer-based interlocking systems. Following a VV development process, the framework adopts a clear separation between the abstract interlocking logic and the instantiations characterizing the single stations. The challenges include the definition of adequate specification languages, the generation of executable code and simulation infrastructure, traceability, test case generation, and formal verification.
A worldsheet description of instant folded strings
Authors: Hashimoto Akikazu , Itzhaki Nissan , Peleg Uri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Time-like linear dilaton backgrounds admit a classical solution that describes a closed folded string that is created at an instant. We refer to such strings as Instant Folded Strings (IFS). We study an exact worldsheet CFT description of an IFS that involves two vertex operators which describe two open string modes that propagate on a time-like FZZT-brane, which plays the role of a regulator to the IFS. We take advantage of this description to calculate the most basic quantity associated with IFSs — their production rate. Some implications of this calculation to stringy cosmology and black hole interior are briefly discussed.
Loop corrections in Minkowski spacetime away from equilibrium. Part I. Late-time resummations
Authors: Chaykov Spasen , Agarwal Nishant , Bahrami Sina , Holman R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Loop corrections to unequal-time correlation functions in Minkowski spacetime exhibit secular growth due to a breakdown of time-dependent perturbation theory. This is analogous to secular growth in equal-time correlators on time-dependent backgrounds, except that in Minkowski the divergences must not signal a real IR issue. In this paper, we calculate the late-time limit of the two-point correlator for different massless self-interacting scalar quantum field theories on a Minkowski background. We first use a late-time version of the in-in path integral starting in the vacuum of the free theory; in this limit, the calculation, including UV renormalization, reduces to that in in-out. We find linear or logarithmic growth in time, depending on whether the interaction strength is dimension-one or dimensionless, respectively. We next develop the Weisskopf-Wigner resummation method, that proceeds by demanding unitarity within a truncated Hilbert space, to calculate the resummed correlator and find that it gives an exact exponentiation of the late-time perturbative result. The resummed (unequal-time) correlator thus decays with an exponential or polynomial time-dependence, which is suggestive of ‘universal’ behavior that depends on the dimensions of the interaction strength.
Involutive symmetric Gödel spaces, their algebraic duals and logic
Authors: Di Nola A. , Grigolia R. , Vitale G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is introduced a new algebra$$(A, \otimes , \oplus , *, \rightharpoonup , 0, 1)$$(A,⊗,⊕,∗,⇀,0,1)called$$L_PG$$LPG-algebra if$$(A, \otimes , \oplus , *, 0, 1)$$(A,⊗,⊕,∗,0,1)is$$L_P$$LP-algebra (i.e. an algebra from the variety generated by perfectMV-algebras) and$$(A,\rightharpoonup , 0, 1)$$(A,⇀,0,1)is a Gödel algebra (i.e. Heyting algebra satisfying the identity$$(x \rightharpoonup y ) \vee (y \rightharpoonup x ) =1)$$(x⇀y)∨(y⇀x)=1). The lattice of congruences of an$$L_PG$$LPG-algebra$$(A, \otimes , \oplus , *, \rightharpoonup , 0, 1)$$(A,⊗,⊕,∗,⇀,0,1)is isomorphic to the lattice of Skolem filters (i.e. special type ofMV-filters) of theMV-algebra$$(A, \otimes , \oplus , *, 0, 1)$$(A,⊗,⊕,∗,0,1). The variety$$\mathbf {L_PG}$$LPGof$$L_PG$$LPG-algebras is generated by the algebras$$(C, \otimes , \oplus , *, \rightharpoonup , 0, 1)$$(C,⊗,⊕,∗,⇀,0,1)where$$(C, \otimes , \oplus , *, 0, 1)$$(C,⊗,⊕,∗,0,1)is ChangMV-algebra. Any$$L_PG$$LPG-algebra is bi-Heyting algebra. The set of theorems of the logic$$L_PG$$LPGis recursively enumerable. Moreover, we describe finitely generated free$$L_PG$$LPG-algebras.
Effective semi-ampleness of Hodge line bundles on curves
Authors: Zhou Chuyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this note, we prove effective semi-ampleness conjecture due to Prokhorov and Shokurov for a special case, more concretely, for $${\mathbb {Q}}$$
Q
-Gorenstein klt-trivial fibrations over smooth projective curves whose fibers are all klt log Calabi-Yau pairs of Fano type.
β-oxidation–polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis relationship in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 revisited
Authors: Liu Si , Narancic Tanja , Tham Jia-Lynn , O’Connor Kevin E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPseudomonas putidaKT2440 is a well-known model organism for the medium-chain-length (mcl) polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) accumulation. (R)-Specific enoyl-coenzyme A hydratase (PhaJ) was considered to be the main supplier of monomers for PHA synthesis by converting theβ-oxidation intermediate, trans-2-enoyl-CoA to (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA when fatty acids (FA) are used. Three PhaJ homologues, PhaJ1, PhaJ4 and MaoC, are annotated inP. putidaKT2440. To investigate the relationship of fatty acids–PHA metabolism and the role of each PhaJ in PHA biosynthesis inP. putidaKT2440, a series ofP. putidaKT2440 knockouts was obtained. PHA content and monomer composition in wild type (WT) and mutants under different growth conditions were analysed. PhaJ4 was the main monomer supplier for PHA synthesis with FA as sole carbon and energy source, with preference towards C8 and C10 substrate, whereas PhaJ1 showed preference for the C6 substrate. However, when all three PhaJ homologues were deleted, the mutant still accumulated PHA up to 10.7% of the cell dry weight (CDW). The deletion of (R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP:CoA transacylase (PhaG), which connects de novo FA and PHA synthesis pathways, while causing a further 1.8-fold decrease in PHA content, did not abolish PHA accumulation. Further proteome analysis revealed quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases PedE and PedH as potential monomer suppliers, but when these were deleted, the PHA level remained at 2.2–14.8% CDW depending on the fatty acid used and whether nitrogen limitation was applied. Therefore, it is likely that some other non-specific dehydrogenases supply monomers for PHA synthesis, demonstrating the redundancy of PHA metabolism.Key points•β-oxidation intermediates are converted to PHA monomers by hydratases PhaJ1, PhaJ4 and MaoC in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.•When these are deleted, the PHA level decreases, but it is not abolished.•PHA non-specific enzyme(s) also contributes to PHA metabolism in KT2440.
Turnover of the extracellular polymeric matrix of granules performing biological phosphate removal
Authors: Tomás-Martínez Sergio , Zwolsman Erwin J. , Merlier Franck , Pabst Martin , Lin Yuemei , van Loosdrecht Mark C.M. , Weissbrodt David G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are responsible for enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) from wastewater, where they grow embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPSs comprise a mixture of biopolymers like polysaccharides or (glyco)proteins. Despite previous studies, little is known about the dynamics of EPS in mixed cultures, and their production by PAOs and potential consumption by flanking microbes. EPSs are biodegradable and have been suggested to be a substrate for other organisms in the community. Studying EPS turnover can help elucidate their biosynthesis and biodegradation cycles. We analyzed the turnover of proteins and polysaccharides in the EPS of an enrichment culture of PAOs relative to the turnover of internal proteins. An anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) simulating EBPR conditions was operated to enrich for PAOs. After achieving a stable culture, carbon source was switched to uniformly 13C-labeled acetate. Samples were collected at the end of each aerobic phase. EPSs were extracted by alkaline treatment. 13C enrichment in proteins and sugars (after hydrolysis of polysaccharides) in the extracted EPS were measured by mass spectrometry. The average turnover rate of sugars and proteins (0.167 and 0.192 d−1 respectively) was higher than the expected value based on the solid removal rate (0.132 d−1), and no significant difference was observed between intracellular and extracellular proteins. This indicates that EPS from the PAO enriched community is not selectively degraded by flanking populations under stable EBPR process conditions. Instead, we observed general decay of biomass, which corresponds to a value of 0.048 d−1.

Key Points
• Proteins showed a higher turnover rate than carbohydrates.
• Turnover of EPS was similar to the turnover of intracellular proteins.
• EPS is not preferentially consumed by flanking populations.
Drivers and Dynamics of Collaborative Governance in Environmental Management
Authors: Ulibarri Nicola , Imperial Mark T. , Siddiki Saba , Henderson Hayley 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis special issue brings together new case studies and comparative works highlighting the drivers and dynamics of collaborative environmental governance. Each case is part of the Collaborative Governance Case Database, which is an open-access resource allowing individuals to contribute and access cases to support research projects. This article highlights the special issue’s contributions to collaborative governance theory. Common themes that cut across the studies include: the importance of using a broad definition of collaborative governance to capture the diversity in interorganizational relationships across contexts; improving our understanding of the drivers for initiating collaborative governance; an enhanced understanding collaboration’s lifecycle dynamics and developmental trajectories; the importance of individuals and their roles in collaborative processes; the political dynamics of collaboration; the role of accountability; and the challenges associated with assessing the performance of collaborations. Collectively, the cases also demonstrate the value of using resources such as the Collaborative Governance Case Database to undertake small-n and medium-n comparative studies that further theory building.
Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP)
Authors: Ullah Ayat , Mishra Ashok K. , Bavorova Miroslava 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdoption of agroforestry in the early spring under the green growth initiative programs, such as the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, has positively impacted crop productivity and plantation success in Pakistan. However, the timely adoption decision of agroforestry in the Hindu Kush Himalayan is still low, particularly among smallholders. Using a mixed-method approach, we examine the factors influencing smallholder households and community-level timely agroforestry adoption decisions. Findings show that the early and later decision-makers farmers had agricultural lands on riversides and primarily adopted agroforestry to protect their crops from devastating effects of winds and floods. In contrast, late adoption decision-makers adopted agroforestry for income diversification. Results of our logit model show that several household and community-level factors influence smallholders’ timely adoption of agroforestry. The factors that positively affect the timely adoption of agroforestry include age-related factors, education, and the establishment/existence of functional community-based organizations. In contrast, political conflicts and tenure insecurity negatively affect smallholders’ timely adoption of agroforestry. In-depth interviews with Village Development Committees members revealed that terrace farming, farms on riversides, communities without access to other energy sources, population growth, and low farm acreage ensured the timely adoption of agroforestry. The policy recommendations include strengthening collaborative efforts among community members, especially engaging educated old-aged farmers (elders of traditional communities) to increase adoption rates and land tenure security to ensure timely agroforestry adoption under the newly launched 10-BTAP.
Impact of Drain Position on Drain Fluid Amylase, Fluid Collection and Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula after Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Lee Jun Suh , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Han Ho‐Seong , Cho Jai Young , Lee Hae‐Won , Lee Boram , Jo Yeongsoo , Kang MeeYoung , Lee Eunhye , Park Yeshong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe current definition for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is based on the drain fluid amylase (DFA), and drains must be positioned adequately. We investigated the impact of DFA level, drain position and fluid collection after distal pancreatectomy (DP).MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 516 patients who underwent DP between June 2004 and December 2018. Patients were excluded if DP was not main procedure, DFA was not measured, postoperative computed tomography (CT) was not performed, or drains were removed before CT. Demographic and perioperative data were analyzed in 422 eligible patients.
ResultsOf 422 patients, 49(11.6%) had clinically relevant (CR)‐POPF and 102(24.2%) had a malpositioned drain. There was no difference in CR‐POPF rate between the high and low DFA groups (12.6% vs 10.7%, P = 0.649). Drain malposition was more frequently associated with symptomatic fluid collection and CR‐POPF than well‐positioned drains. Male sex, high body mass index, transfusion, and drain malposition were CR‐POPF risk factors. In subgroup analysis, drain malposition was also an independent risk factor for CR‐POPF in the low DFA group.
ConclusionsAfter DP, the incidence of CR‐POPF in the high and low DFA groups was similar and drain malposition increased the risk of CR‐POPF. Thus, the ISGPS definition of POPF based on DFA levels is limited in DP, and DFA levels should be interpreted together with the drain position.
The clinical significance of the human vomeronasal organ
Authors: Bruintjes Tjasse D. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
To find out whether the vomeronasal organ (VNO) can be identified in the nose as a mucosal pit in the anterior nasal septum, to elucidate its function in man and to determine whether it is important to preserve the VNO during septal surgery.

Methods
Literature review.

Results and conclusion
The VNO is histologically present in almost all humans, but a macroscopically visible septal pit does not necessarily correspond with the actual VNO. The human VNO is probably a vestigial organ with a non-operational sensory function. It is not necessary to take particular care not to damage the VNO during septal surgery.