bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis by basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan gel in an adult rat model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Duan Hongmei , Li Shulun , Hao Peng , Hao Fei , Zhao Wen , Gao Yudan , Qiao Hui , Gu Yiming , Lv Yang , Bao Xinjie , Chiu Kin , So Kwok-Fai , Yang Zhaoyang , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202402000-00035/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-19T141749Z/r/image-tiff

Attempts have been made to use cell transplantation and biomaterials to promote cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival, as well as angiogenesis, in the context of brain injury. However, whether bioactive materials can repair the damage caused by ischemic stroke by activating endogenous neurogenesis and angiogenesis is still unknown. In this study, we applied chitosan gel loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor to the stroke cavity 7 days after ischemic stroke in rats. The gel slowly released basic fibroblast growth factor, which improved the local microenvironment, activated endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells, and recruited these cells to migrate toward the penumbra and stroke cavity and subsequently differentiate into neurons, while enhancing angiogenesis in the penumbra and stroke cavity and ultimately leading to partial functional recovery. This study revealed the mechanism by which bioactive materials repair ischemic strokes, thus providing a new strategy for the clinical application of bioactive materials in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
The role of exosomes in adult neurogenesis: implications for neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Yu Zhuoyang , Teng Yan , Yang Jing , Yang Lu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Exosomes are cup-shaped extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer that is approximately 30 to 200 nm in thickness. Exosomes are widely distributed in a range of body fluids, including urine, blood, milk, and saliva. Exosomes exert biological function by transporting factors between different cells and by regulating biological pathways in recipient cells. As an important form of intercellular communication, exosomes are increasingly being investigated due to their ability to transfer bioactive molecules such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs between cells, and because they can regulate physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system. Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process by which new neurons are generated and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. In the adult brain, neurogenesis is mainly localized in two specialized niches: the subventricular zone adjacent to the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. An increasing body of evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions with the niches. In recent studies, exosomes released from different sources of cells were shown to play an active role in regulating neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, thereby participating in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders in patients and in various disease models. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of existing research that aimed to identify the diverse components of exosome cargoes and elucidate the therapeutic potential of exosomal contents in the regulation of neurogenesis in several neurodegenerative diseases. We emphasize that exosomal cargoes could serve as a potential biomarker to monitor functional neurogenesis in adults. In addition, exosomes can also be considered as a novel therapeutic approach to treat various neurodegenerative disorders by improving endogenous neurogenesis to mitigate neuronal loss in the central nervous system.
Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Chen Feng , Dong Xi , Wang Zhenhuan , Wu Tongrui , Wei Liangpeng , Li Yuanyuan , Zhang Kai , Ma Zengguang , Tian Chao , Li Jing , Zhao Jingyu , Zhang Wei , Liu Aili , Shen Hui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202402000-00037/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-19T141749Z/r/image-tiff

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory, resistant to antiepileptic drugs, and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully understood. Intracellular calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown, and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving mice. In this study, we used a multi-channel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy process. We found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy episodes. In particular, cortical spreading depression, which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals, was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from grade II to grade V. However, vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor seizures. Chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to grade I episodes. In addition, the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged, and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly reduced. Intriguingly, it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium dynamics. Via simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors, we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced, and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were improved. Our results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect specific epileptic behaviors corresponding to different grades. Furthermore, the selective regulation of abnormal calcium signals in CA1 pyramidal neurons appears to effectively alleviate temporal lobe epilepsy, thereby providing a potential molecular mechanism for a new temporal lobe epilepsy diagnosis and treatment strategy.
Ethanol changes Nestin-promoter induced neural stem cells to disturb newborn dendritic spine remodeling in the hippocampus of mice
Authors: Wang Guixiang , Wang Wenjia , Zhang Ye , Gou Xiaoying , Zhang Qingqing , Huang Yanmiao , Zhang Kuo , Zhang Haotian , Yang Jingyu , Li Yuting 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202402000-00036/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-19T141749Z/r/image-tiffAdolescent binge drinking leads to long-lasting disorders of the adult central nervous system, particularly aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we appliedin vivofluorescent tracing usingNestinCreERT2::Rosa26-tdTomatomice and analyzed the endogenous neurogenesis lineage progression of neural stem cells (NSCs) and dendritic spine formation of newborn neurons in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. We found abnormal orientation of tamoxifen-induced tdTomato+(tdTom+) NSCs in adult mice 2 months after treatment with EtOH (5.0 g/kg, i.p.) for 7 consecutive days. EtOH markedly inhibited tdTom+NSCs activation and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse dentate gyrus from adolescence to adulthood. EtOH (100 mM) also significantly inhibited the proliferation to 39.2% and differentiation of primary NSCsin vitro. Adult mice exposed to EtOH also exhibited marked inhibitions in dendritic spine growth and newborn neuron maturation in the dentate gyrus, which was partially reversed by voluntary running or inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin-enhancer of zeste homolog 2 pathway.In vivotracing revealed that EtOH induced abnormal orientation of tdTom+NSCs and spatial misposition defects of newborn neurons, thus causing the disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic spine remodeling in mice.
Salvage surgery in laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy and partial surgery - comparative results
Authors: Miśkiewicz-Orczyk Katarzyna , Ścierski Wojciech , Lisowska Grażyna , Majewski Wojciech , Golusiński Paweł , Misiołek Maciej 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study is a retrospective comparison of the usefulness of salvage surgery between a group of previously radiotherapy-treated patients (RTPs) and a group of patients who previously underwent partial surgery with both local and ± nodal recurrence.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Multi-center academic hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The former group was comprised 30 previously RTPs, whereas the latter group consisted of 20 patients after partial laryngeal surgery with optional subsequent adjuvant radiotherapy (PSPs). Treatment efficacy was compared in both groups in relation to overall survival (OS) and the locoregional control rate (LCR). Local and ± nodal recurrence was considered primary treatment failure. All patients underwent total laryngectomy.

Results:
The updated 5-year OS in the PSPs was 31%, while the percentage of the updated 5-year LCR was 42%. In the RTPs the updated 5-year OS was 21%, and the percentage of 5-year LCR was 38%. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of the comparison of OS or the comparison of LCR results in both groups (P = 0.427, P = 0.704, respectively).

Conclusions:
Based on the analysis, it was found that irrespective of the initial treatment, salvage surgery was associated with decreased survival and cure rates (by 50%) compared to the group of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer who underwent primary total laryngectomy.
Serous cystadenoma of head pancreas masquerading as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: Treated by Whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kumarasamy Sivaraman , Kumar Manish , Sakaray Yashwant , Savlania Ajay , Tandup Cherring , Kaman Lileswar 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Serous cystadenoma (SCA) is the most common cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Serous cystadenoma is best diagnosed by imaging with computed tomography scan. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is required for definitive preoperative diagnosis. Serous cystadenoma may be sometime difficult to differentiate from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) in the preoperative stage. Differentiating the two entities are important for proper treatment strategy. Serous cystadenoma may be managed in expectant observation. However, all PNETs will need surgical treatment including pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Here, we present a rare presentation of serous cystadenoma head of pancreas masquerading as PNET with local compressive symptoms for which Whipple’s PD was done successfully.
Profile of 193 pediatric cancer patients managed with radiation therapy: Challenges and lessons learned
Authors: Madan Renu , Goyal Shikha , Dey Treshita , Kapoor Rakesh , Ballari Nagarjun , Soni Shiv Lal , Radotra Bishan D. , Bansal Deepak , Trehan Amita , Peters Nitin James , Samujh Ram 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Series on radiotherapy (RT) practice in pediatric malignancies are limited in India as only a few centers practice pediatric RT, particularly under anesthesia. We aimed to study the clinical profile of pediatric cancer patients treated with RT and to analyze various challenges in pediatric RT under anesthesia.

Materials and Methods:
The data were prospectively maintained in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Pediatric cancer patients aged 0–14 years, registered in the RT department between February 1, 2019 and July 30, 2021were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 193 pediatric cancer patients (noncentral nervous system) received RT during the said period. Median age at presentation was 5.2 years (range: 9 months to 14 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The majority of the patients were in the age group of 0–4 years (52.8%) followed by 5–9 years (29.5%) and ≥10 years (17.6%). Most common indications for RT included bone and soft-tissue tumors, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, neuroblastoma, and hematological malignancies. One hundred and seventy-nine (92.7%) patients received RT with curative intent, while 14 (7.3%) patients received palliative RT. Thirty (15.5%) patients needed anesthesia for RT. Ten (5.18%) patients required RT interruption due to toxicities with a median gap of 3 days.

Conclusions:
RT is challenging yet an important aspect of multidisciplinary care in paediatric cancers. Estimating the burden of pediatric patients in the RT department may help in assessing unmet needs, resource development, and prioritization, which may improve the cure rates.
Adenosquamous carcinoma lung radiologically mimicking pneumonia: A potentially disastrous diagnostic challenge in an unusual malignancy
Authors: Bakshi Neha , Nayar Sandeep , Kalra Sunny , Duggal Rajan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the world’s leading cause of cancer-related death. Radiology remains the mainstay for timely diagnosis; however, atypical radiologic patterns are known, and these may be misdiagnosed as infectious or inflammatory pathology, particularly in the absence of smoking history. We report herein an account of an older male nonsmoker who presented radiologically with bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, simulating pneumonia, but was eventually diagnosed with adenosquamous lung carcinoma. The delay in diagnosis and subsequent unfortunate rapid deterioration of our patient serves as a reminder for clinicians to consider lung cancer in patients with clinical/radiologic findings suggestive of pneumonia, especially in nonsmokers or cases refractory to antibiotic therapy.
“Superhero” concept to avoid anesthesia for daily radiation treatment in childhood cancer
Authors: Dhar Debojoyti , Vadgaonkar Rohit , Miriyala Raviteja , Kalita Himanshu , Parab Pritam , Mahantshetty Umesh 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Advancements in therapeutic interventions have led to significant improvement in the overall management of childhood cancer. Radiotherapy forms an important component of their treatment. Modern radiotherapy technique where an optimal therapeutic ratio can be obtained demands proper and adequate immobilization of the child. This can be technically challenging sometimes, particularly when the child is noncompliant. To address this hurdle, we have used this concept of “Superhero,” where we have decorated and painted the thermoplastic masks that often used in the head and neck and cranial irradiation. We have received adequate compliance for this method, and the need for anesthesia was slackened.
Performance evaluation of Monaco radiotherapy treatment planning system using CIRS Thorax Phantom: Dosimetric assessment of flattened and non-flattened photon beams
Authors: Saini Amit , Verma Teerthraj , Pandey V. P. , Singh Avtar , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of different algorithms for flattening filter-free (FFF) and flattened (FF) photon beams in three different in-homogeneities.

Materials and Method:
Computed tomography (CT) image sets of the CIRS phantom maintained in the SAD setup by placing the ionization chamber in the lung, bone, and tissue regions, respectively, were acquired. The treatment planning system (TPS) calculated and the ionization chamber measured the doses at the center of the chamber (in the three mediums) were recorded for the flattened and non-flattened photon beams.

Results:
The results were reported for photon energies of 6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 FFF, and 10 FFF of field sizes 5 × 5 cm2, 10 × 10 cm2, and 15 × 15 cm2. In the bone inhomogeneity, the pencil beam algorithm predicted that the maximum dose variation was 4.88% of measured chamber dose in 10-MV photon energy for the field size 10 × 10 cm2. In water inhomogeneity, both the collapsed cone and Monte Carlo algorithm predicted that the maximum dose variation was ± 3% of measured chamber dose in 10-MV photon energy for the field size 10 × 10 cm2 and in 10-MV FFF photon energy for the field size 5 × 5 cm2, whereas in lung inhomogeneity, the pencil beam algorithm predicted that the highest dose variation was - 6.9% of measured chamber dose in 10-MV FFF photon energy for the field size 5 × 5 cm2.

Conclusion:
FF and FFF beams performed differently in lung, water, and bone mediums. The assessment of algorithms was conducted using the anthropomorphic phantom; therefore, these findings may help in the selection of appropriate algorithms for particular clinical settings in radiation delivery.
The study on the prevalence of Mongolian spots in the neonates
Authors: Quazi Sabiha , Choudhary Sanjiv , Singh Adarsh Lata , Saoji Vikrant , Khan Khalid , Jawade Sugat 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackground:Mongolian Spots (MS) generally exist at the time or under the first few weeks of the neonate life-cycle, often considered a birthmark, characterized by hyper-pigmented marks especially bluish-black hue that cannot vanish easily and are generally found on the lumbosacral region. As this MS is reminiscent of bruises and appears to be caused by abuse, this may raise questions about the possibility of abuse. Hence, it is significant to identify MS bruises. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of MS in neonates by using the parameters like location, method of delivery, gestational age, and, weight at birth.Methodology:500 neonates were enrolled in the study for the evaluation of the prevalence of Mongolian spots. The study design was cross-sectional, observational, and conducted for two and a half years. The neonate’s whole skin surface, including the hand palms, scalps and soles, mucous membranes, genitalia, hair, and nails, was inspected in adequate light. The changes were seen (physiological and pathological) over the skin, so the details were reviewed, analyzed, and documented. Photographic records were kept to document the study. Descriptive statistics were analyzed byt-test and Chi-square test and the inferential statistics were analyzed by proportions and Chi-square test.Results:From the 500 neonates, 408 (81.6%) were reported to have Mongolian spots. Based on the site of locations 337 (82.60%) neonates were found with spots maximum on the sacrococcygeal area and rarely on the extremities 4 (0.98%). 221 (54.1%) were found with normal vaginal delivery, and males have more predominance 247 (60%). Based on the gestational age full term was 366 (89.71%), with the birth at a weight of more than 2.5 kg found in 349 (85.54%).Conclusion:The study concluded that the maximum number of neonates had been found with Mongolian spots and it is very common among neonates. This study will enlighten the awareness of the physician to distinguish the other lesions from other cutaneous skin conditions. The only drawbacks of this research study are a smaller sample size and limited study duration. The study of diameter, size, and dimensions of spots are not included. More intervention studies are required to compare MS with other skin conditions and their therapies. Further research is required for the study of the dimensions of marks on the neonate’s body.
The prevalence and associated factors of lower back pain among surgeons in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldaheri Asim A. , Aljuhani Mohammed M. , Aldaheri Reem E. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lower back pain (LBP) is the most common form of musculoskeletal disorder and a crucial occupational issue among healthcare professionals that peaks among surgeons. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and the characteristics and identify associated risk factors among surgeons in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional method among surgeons in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Data were randomly collected using a self-administered questionnaire divided into demographic, individual, and occupational characteristics and prevalence data from different hospitals and cities. The subjects of the study were 208 surgeons working in different specialties.

Results:
Thirty-eight percent of surgeons were found to have back pain. The highest prevalence was found among general surgeons, followed by gynecologists. Surgeons with a longer mean duration of work experience had a significantly higher percentage of back pain sufferers. The presence of back pain, on the other hand, did not appear to be related to the surgeon’s gender, dominant hand, specialty, or other work conditions. LBP was widespread in surgeons with higher work experience, a stable job position, older age, a higher body mass index (BMI), chronic conditions, who did not exercise, and who were not athletes.

Conclusions:
General surgeons have the highest prevalence, according to the results of this study. Appropriate measures should be adopted to avoid this occupational health issue. We emphasize the importance of performing a periodic examination and follow-up on the health status of surgeons’ spines and providing educational information about LBP and the best ways to avoid it. We advocate an ergonomic examination of workplace conditions and regular counseling sessions to encourage people to use their backs more properly with correct posture.
Translucency and color stability of bleached veneer shades with different resin cement
Authors: Abu Saieda Mona E. , Masoud Gaber I. , Korsel Amany M. 
Published: July 2023

Aim
This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the translucency and color stability of bleached veneer shades with different resin cement.

Material and Methods
Forty-two IPS E-max CAD discs with bleached shades BL1 and BL3 milled by CAD/CAM, each disc was 0.5 mm in thickness, 10 mm in diameter. Each sample had been formed by cementation of IPS E-max CAD discover a PMMA disc 1 mm in thickness 10 mm in diameter with shade A2 by two different shades of resin cement from Variolink NLC shades clear and +2. This cementation done by using standardized mold 1.6 mm in thickness, with cement layer 0.1 mm. Translucency and color of each sample had been measured by Spectrophotometer. Transparent parameter and color difference △E had been calculated and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance then multiple comparison Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results
Using clear shade cement under both shade of IPS E-max showed lower than △E with cement shade +2. P value was highly significant in all samples (ρ> 0.000), while in BL3 disc before cementation and after cementation with clear cement showed nonsignificant result (ρ> 0.227). Transparent parameter was higher before cementation and the lowest value obtained with shade + 2 cement which is opaquer (10.59) with BL3 and (11.69) with BL1.

Conclusion
The final color and translucency of bleached veneers is influenced by the shade of resin cement.