bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced human periodontal ligament stem cell viability and osteogenic differentiation on two implant materials: An experimental in vitro study
Authors: El Shafei Sara F. , Raafat Shereen N. , Farag Engy A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Surface roughness of dental implants impacts the survival of adult periodontal stem cells and rate of differentiation. This research was conducted to test how human periodontal ligament stem cells behaved on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs with different surface topographies. Methods: Discs roughening was prepared by sandblasting. Stem cells were cultivated on zirconia discs with a polished surface, PEEK discs with a polished surface, sandblasted zirconia discs and sandblasted PEEK discs. Cells viability was assessed after 24, 48, 72 hours. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the adherence and attachment of cells. Osteoblastic differentiation capacity was studied by checking the mineralization clusters development through alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assay. ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Polished PEEK discs showed lower cell viability, whereas roughened sandblasted zirconia and PEEK discs showed the highest proliferation rates and cell viability percent. The osteogenic differentiation was enhanced for rough surfaces in comparison to polished surfaces. Sandblasted zirconia and PEEK discs showed a markedly increased mineralized nodule development and ALP enzyme activity compared to the polished surface and control. Conclusions: Micro- topographies creation on the PEEK implant surface enhances stem cell attachment, viability, and osteogenic differentiation.
An Insight into developmental changes in reasoning skills among Indian Preschoolers: A cross-sectional study using a story-based approach
Authors: Prasanna Aparna , Bajaj Gagan , Anakkathil Anil Malavika , Bhat Jayashree S 
Published: April 2023

Background: Considering the importance of exploring the development of reasoning skills during preschool period and the suitability of using a culturally linguistically relevant story-based approach for the same, the present research intended to profile the reasoning skills in typically developing Indian preschool children between 36 and 72 months using a story-based approach. The specific objectives were to develop explanation, prediction, and inference based reasoning tasks around a story and assess the reasoning skills in typically developing Indian preschool children using the same. Method: Reasoning tasks across explanation, prediction, and inference domains were developed based on a story and evaluated for its psychometric properties. The developed tasks were then administered to 63 typically developing Indian preschool children attending English medium schools in Mangalore. The preschoolers were equally divided into three age groups, and the responses obtained across the age groups were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: The developed tasks were confirmed to have good psychometric properties like content validity and reliability. The age comparisons of reasoning abilities using one-way ANOVA suggested an increase in reasoning abilities with age during the preschool period. The qualitative analysis further suggested that with increasing age, the nature of reasoning changed from content-based reasoning to reasoning based on prior knowledge which was integrated with the story content. Conclusion: The study describes reasoning skill development using a story-based task in Indian preschoolers. The study findings further provide clinical and educational implications to assess and foster reasoning abilities among preschoolers.
Virtual screening of zinc compounds similar to NSAIDS with better pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles
Authors: Kamakia Faith , Ouma Stephen , Kagia Richard 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Pain is a common symptom that is managed in both outpatients and inpatients. There are many side effects associated with opioids such as respiratory depression, constipation, hyperalgesia, and tolerance. Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastrointestinal tract (GIT) irritation and may be a risk factor for developing peptic ulcer disease. This study aimed to generate active analgesic agents from known analgesics, determine the docking scores of these agents to their receptors, determine the pharmacokinetic properties of these agents, and evaluate their toxicity profiles. METHODS: PubChem was used to download smiles for ibuprofen, aspirin and celecoxib. Avogadro optimized the ligands. The smiles were copied to SwissSimilarity and were used as query compounds to generate zinc compounds. DrugBank and Protein Data Bank were used to download cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. Molecular docking was done using Chimera and Autodock Vina. Smiles for both query compounds and generated zinc compounds were pasted onto the Protox II webserver and SwissADME for toxicity and pharmacokinetics properties determination. The data was presented in tabular forms with textual descriptions of the contents in the tables. RESULTS: Aspirin, ibuprofen and celecoxib’s zinc compounds were generated and the first 20 compounds were docked to COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Seven, one, and four of the docked compounds showed better binding energies to COX-2 than COX-1. The zinc compounds were analyzed for toxicity profiles. ZINC01680731 and ZINC33823423 were predicted to have LD50 of 1240 mg/kg as compared to aspirin’s 250mg/kg. Ibuprofen and ZINC39120409 showed LD50 of 299mg/kg and they were hepatoactive. Celecoxib and four of its zinc compounds showed LD50 of 1400mg/kg. All compounds had high GIT absorption and they conformed with Lipinski rule of five. CONCLUSIONS: ZINC01680731 0.994 and ZINC00600558 0.988 were identified as the best compounds as they showed better binding affinities, toxicities and pharmacokinetics properties compared to standard compounds.
Instruments used to assess gender-affirming healthcare access: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kearns Seán , Hardie Philip , O'Shea Donal , Neff Karl 
Published: April 2023

Background: Internationally, the demand for gender-affirming care has increased exponentially in recent years. The clinical presentation of those seeking care has changed with an increase in transmasculine and non-binary identities and a decrease in the average age of those seeking care. Healthcare navigation remains complicated for this population and warrants further investigation in light of ongoing changes in the field. This paper presents a protocol for a methodological scoping review that aims to systematically map and synthesise the extent and nature of the peer-reviewed, published academic literature on the instruments used to assess factors relating to healthcare navigation and healthcare access for transgender and non-binary individuals seeking gender-affirming healthcare. Methods: This review will search databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline, and Embase.) and grey literature sources. In line with the methodological framework for scoping reviews, the following six stages will be undertaken: (1) identifying the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) study selection, (4) charting the data, (5) collating, summarising and reporting results and (6) consultation. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation will be utilised and reported. The research team will undertake the study as outlined in this protocol and an expert panel of young transgender and non-binary youth will oversee the project through patient and public involvement. Conclusions: This scoping review has the potential to inform policy, practice, and future research through enhanced understanding of the complex interplay of factors that impact healthcare navigation for transgender and non-binary people seeking gender-affirming care. The results from this study will inform further research into healthcare navigation considerations generally and will inform a research project entitled “Navigating access to gender care in Ireland—a mixed-method study on the experiences of transgender and non-binary youth”.
A microwave cavity design and optimisation for a homogeneous and faster drying process inside an industrial Agitated Nutsche Filter
Authors: Schütz Sebastiano , Di Domenico Mauro , Poretti Samuel , Monleone Ricardo 
Published: April 2023

Background: Nowadays the disposal or recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material is a real-world problem. The European Union’s DEM3TO project aims at recycling PET to return it to the main chemical components with which it was produced. In a specific reactor, microwave radiation is used to quickly depolymerise the initial polymer. At the end of the de-polymerization process, a filtering and drying process through an agitated Nutsche filter (ANF) is necessary. Methods: This study aims to design and develop a High Frequency (HF) cavity inside the ANF (plugin “HF-ANF”) to speed up and improve the drying process. The effects studied are the efficiency of the HF cavity as a function of the heating process, the evaporation/drying process, and the mechanical mixing (due to the blades) of the mixture. Results: During these studies it was possible to improve the efficiency of the HF plugin and allowing to absorb more than the 95% of the microwave energy into the mixture to increase the drying speed and the drying homogeneity of the ANF. In addition, the mixture was characterised to obtain the dielectric proprieties as a function of the temperature of the ANF and the concentration of the residual water. Conclusions: The study allowed us to develop some important methodology that usually cannot to be simulated in a non-multi physics simulator. The careful modelling of certain aspects that are not normally available in EM (Electro-Magnetic) simulators, like variable geometries, mixed material, heating effect and the dielectrics characterization process are difficult and critical process but are very important steps to be undertaken in order to obtain results that can be compared with real measurements.
Impact of shipping temperature on cell viability and T cell responses to bacterial antigens
Authors: Rongkard Patpong , Dunachie Susanna J. , Kronsteiner Barbara 
Published: April 2023

Background: Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by T cells is a key correlate of immune protection against many pathogens including tuberculosis and the neglected tropical disease melioidosis. Clinical studies in tropical regions of immune responses to pathogens and vaccine monitoring studies require the collection of samples in resource-limited rural areas and subsequent shipment to central laboratories for downstream assays and long-term storage. Here, we studied the impact of two different shipping temperatures on the viability, composition and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using multi-colour flow cytometry and IFN-g enzyme-linked immunospot assay (IFN-g ELISpot), in order to provide guidance on sample shipment conditions for future clinical studies. Methods: Paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from recovered melioidosis patients were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C) and then shipped from Bangkok, Thailand to Oxford, UK at either -80°C (dry ice) or -196°C (dry shipper). After thawing, cell viability and composition were assessed by flow cytometry and antigen specific responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP) were measured using IFN-g ELISpot. Results: We observed modest lowering of viability in the majority of samples and a reduction in IFN-g responses to BP which correlated to a decrease of monocytes and natural killer cells in samples shipped at -80°C compared to -196°C. Despite being lower in magnitude antigen-specific responses remained detectable in the majority of samples. Conclusions: Here we demonstrate that shipment of cryopreserved PBMC at -196°C has a benefit on cell viability, recovery and T cell responses to bacterial antigens, although useful information can still be obtained from samples shipped at -80°C, thus providing important guidance for sample management in future clinical trials.
Preschool and primary teachers’ evaluations of their preparation, competence and experiences to teach newly arrived migrant students
Authors: Vanahans Maiki , Timoštšuk Inge , Uibu Krista 
Published: April 2023

Kaasavas hariduses rõhutatakse sidusama ühiskonna loomise eesmärgil võrdset õigust haridusele. Õppijate kaasatus mitmekultuurilises õpikeskkonnas sõltub õpetajate kultuuridevahelisest pädevusest ja valmidusest toetuda õpetamisel iga õpilase kultuurile, keelele ja huvidele. Uurimuse eesmärk oli välja selgitada Eesti lasteaia- ja klassiõpetajate hinnangud oma ettevalmistusele, pädevusele ja kogemusele õpetada uussisserändajast õpilasi. Andmeid koguti poolstruktureeritud intervjuudega 14 lasteaia- ja põhikooliõpetajalt, kellel on varasem uussisserändajate õpetamise kogemus. Andmete analüüsimisel kasutati kvalitatiivset sisuanalüüsi. Uuringust selgus, et õpetajate ettevalmistus peaks sisaldama praktilisi koolitusi, kuidas korraldada õpet mitmekultuurilises keskkonnas. Kuigi uussisserändajate õpetamise kogemust peeti arendavaks ja rikastavaks nii õpetajale kui ka lastele, siis õppeprotsessis ja õpikeskkonnas lapse kultuurilise taustaga enamasti ei arvestatud. Õpetajate kogemustest tuli esile koostöö olulisus juhtkonna, tugispetsialistide ja kolleegidega. Probleemina tajuti keelebarjääri, mis takistas nii laste arengu hindamist kui ka suhtlust uussisserändajast lapsevanemaga. Õpetajakoolituses tuleks kujundada õpetajate arusaamu kultuurilisest mitmekesisusest kui väärtuslikust õpikeskkonna ressursist, mida arvesse võttes on kõigi laste õppimine efektiivsem.
Summary
Large regenerative parametric amplification on chip at ultra-low pump powers
Authors: Zhao Yun , Jang Jae K. , Ji Xingchen , Okawachi Yoshitomo , Lipson Michal , Gaeta Alexander L. 
Published: April 2023

Chip-based optical amplifiers can significantly expand the functionalities of photonic devices. In particular, optical-parametric amplifiers (OPAs), with engineerable gain spectra, are well suited for nonlinear-photonic applications. Chip-based OPAs typically require long waveguides that occupy a large footprint, and high pump powers that cannot be easily produced with chip-scale lasers. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a microresonator-assisted regenerative OPA that benefits from the large nonlinearity enhancement of microresonators and yields a high gain in a small footprint. We achieve 30-dB parametric gain with only 9 mW of cw pump power and show that the gain spectrum can be engineered to cover telecom channels inaccessible with Er-based amplifiers. We further demonstrate the amplification of Kerr-soliton comb lines and the preservation of their phase properties. Additionally, we demonstrate amplification by injection locking of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), which corresponds to a regenerative amplifier pumped above the oscillation threshold. Dispersion engineering techniques such as coupled cavities and higher-order-dispersion phase matching can further extend the tunability and spectral coverage of our amplification schemes. The combination of high gain, small footprint, low pump power, and flexible gain-spectrum engineering of our regenerative OPA is ideal for amplifying signals from the nanowatt to microwatt regimes for portable or space-based devices where ultralow electrical power levels are required and can lead to important applications in on-chip optical-, and microwave-frequency synthesis and precise timekeeping.
High-throughput deep tissue two-photon microscopy at kilohertz frame rates
Authors: Xiao Sheng , Giblin John T. , Boas David A. , Mertz Jerome 
Published: April 2023

High-speed laser scanning microscopes are essential for monitoring fast
biological phenomena. However, existing strategies that achieve
millisecond time resolution with two-photon microscopes (2PMs) are
generally technically challenging and suffer from compromises among
imaging field of view, excitation efficiency, and depth penetration in
thick tissue. Here, we present a versatile solution that enables a
conventional video-rate 2PM to perform 2D scanning at kilohertz frame
rates over large fields of view. Our system is based on implementation
of a scan multiplier unit that provides inertia-free multiplication of
the scanning speed while preserving all the benefits of standard 2PM.
We demonstrate kilohertz subcellular-resolution 2PM imaging with an
order of magnitude higher imaging throughput than previously
achievable and penetration depths exceeding 500 µm, which we
apply to the study of neurovascular coupling dynamics in the mouse
brain.
Target-based fusion using social determinants of health to enhance suicide prediction with electronic health records
Authors: Sacco Shane J. , Chen Kun , Wang Fei , Aseltine Robert 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Preventing suicide in US youth is of paramount concern, with rates increasing over 50% between 2007 and 2018. Statistical modeling using electronic health records may help identify at-risk youth before a suicide attempt. While electronic health records contain diagnostic information, which are known risk factors, they generally lack or poorly document social determinants (e.g., social support), which are also known risk factors. If statistical models are built incorporating not only diagnostic records, but also social determinants measures, additional at-risk youth may be identified before a suicide attempt.

Methods
Suicide attempts were predicted in hospitalized patients, ages 10–24, from the State of Connecticut’s Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database (HIDD; N = 38943). Predictors included demographic information, diagnosis codes, and using a data fusion framework, social determinants features transferred or fused from an external source of survey data, The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Social determinant information for each HIDD patient was generated by averaging values from their most similar Add Health individuals (e.g., top 10), based upon matching shared features between datasets (e.g., Pearson’s r). Attempts were then modelled using an elastic net logistic regression with both HIDD features and fused Add Health features.

Results
The model including fused social determinants outperformed the conventional model (AUC = 0.83 v. 0.82). Sensitivity and positive predictive values at 90 and 95% specificity were almost 10% higher when including fused features (e.g., sensitivity at 90% specificity = 0.48 v. 0.44). Among social determinants variables, the perception that their mother cares and being non-religious appeared particularly important to performance improvement.

Discussion
This proof-of-concept study showed that incorporating social determinants measures from an external survey database could improve prediction of youth suicide risk from clinical data using a data fusion framework. While social determinant data directly from patients might be ideal, estimating these characteristics via data fusion avoids the task of data collection, which is generally time-consuming, expensive, and suffers from non-compliance.
Where are the data linking infant outcomes, breastfeeding and medicine exposure? A systematic scoping review
Authors: Jordan Sue , Komninou Sophia , Lopez Leon Sandra 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Information on the impact of medicines on breastfeeding and the breastfed infant remains scarce. The aims of this review were to identify databases and cohorts holding this information, and pinpoint current information and research deficits.

Method
We searched 12 electronic databases, including PubMed/ Medline and Scopus, using a combination of controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms) and free text terms. We included studies reporting data from databases with information on breastfeeding, medicines exposure, and infant outcomes. We excluded studies not reporting all three parameters. Two reviewers independently selected papers and extracted data using a standardised spreadsheet. Risk of bias was assessed. Recruited cohorts with relevant information were tabulated separately. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion.

Results
From 752 unique records, 69 studies were identified for full review. Eleven papers reported analyses from ten established databases with information on maternal prescription or non-prescription drugs, breastfeeding and infant outcomes. Twenty-four cohort studies were also identified. No studies reported educational or long-term developmental outcomes. The data are too sparse to warrant any firm conclusions, beyond the need for more data. The overall picture hints at 1) unquantifiable, but probably rare, serious harms to infants exposed to medicines via breastmilk, 2) unknown long-term harms, and 3) a more insidious but more pervasive harm in terms of reduced breastfeeding rates following medicines exposure in late pregnancy and peri-partum.

Implications
Analyses of databases reporting on the full population are needed to quantify any adverse effects of medicines and identify dyads at risk of harm from prescribed medicines while breastfeeding. This information is essential to ensure 1) infants are monitored appropriately for any adverse drug reactions 2) inform breastfeeding patients using long-term medicines as to whether the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh exposure to medicines via breastmilk and 3) target additional support to breastfeeding patients whose medicines may affect breastfeeding. The protocol is registered with the Registry of Systematic Reviews, no.994.