bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of machine learning algorithms to predict viral load suppression among HIV patients in Conakry (Guinea)
Authors: Yehadji Dègninou , Gray Geraldine , Vicente Carlos Arias , Isaakidis Petros , Diallo Abdourahimi , Kamano Saa André , Diallo Thierno Saidou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Viral load (VL) suppression represents a key to the end of the global HIV epidemic. It is critical for healthcare providers and people living with HIV (PLHIV) to be able to predict viral suppression. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of predicting viral suppression among HIV patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms.
Methods
Anonymized data were used from a cohort of HIV patients managed in eight health facilities in Conakry (Guinea). The data pre-processing steps included variable recoding, record removal, missing values imputation, grouping small categories, creating dummy variables and oversampling (only applied to the training set) of the smallest target class. Support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF) and four stacked models where developed. The optimal parameters of the algorithms were determined with 03 cross-validation. The 30% of the sample was held as a test set to perform model evaluation. Techniques implemented to determine the most predictive variables were applied on LR, RF, and NB (with analysis of variance, ANOVA).
Results
LR was found to be the most optimal model to detect VL suppression and non-suppression. It produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 83%, with 74% and 78% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In other words, it can correctly detect 74% of suppressed VL and correctly detect 78% of non-suppressed VL. With LR, Gender, Prior antiretroviral therapy (ART), Method into ART, Cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy (CPT) at ART start, Second Line treatment, Last pre-ART CD4, Last ART CD4, Stage at ART start, Age, and Duration on ART were identified as the most predictive variables for VL suppression.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the capability to predict VL suppression but has some limitations. The results are dependent on the quality of the data and are specific to the Guinea context and thus, there may be limitations with generalizability. Future studies may be conducting a similar study in a different context and develop the most optimal model into an application that can be tested in a clinical context.
CRISPR/Cas9 generated PTCHD1 2489T&gt;G stem cells recapitulate patient phenotype when undergoing neural induction
Authors: Farley Kathryn Olivia , Forbes Catherine A , Shaw Nicole C. , Ward Michelle , Baynam Gareth , Lassmann Timo , Fear Vanessa S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An estimated 3.5–5.9% of the global population live with rare diseases, and approximately 80% of these diseases have a genetic cause. Rare genetic diseases can be difficult to diagnose, with patients experiencing diagnostic delays of 5–30 years. Next generation sequencing has improved clinical diagnostic rates to 33–48% however a novel potentially disease causative variant is often identified. These variants require validation of pathogenicity in specialist laboratories, resulting in a diagnostic delay that on average lasts five years. In the interim, the finding is classified as a genetic variant of uncertain significance (VUS) and the patient remains undiagnosed. A VUS (PTCHD1 c. 2489T > G) was identified in a child with autistic behaviour, global developmental delay and hypotonia. Loss of function mutations in PTCHD1 are associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability; however, the molecular function of PTCHD1, and its role in neurodevelopmental disease is unknown. Here, we apply CRISPR gene editing and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) neural disease modelling to assess the patient VUS. During differentiation from iPSCs to neural progenitors, we detect subtle, but significant gene signatures in synaptic transmission and muscle contraction pathways. Our work supports the causal link between the genetic variant and the child’s phenotype. Additionally, this study informs on the potential role of PTCHD1 in other neurodevelopmental and neuromuscular disorders and demonstrates the value of combining laboratory and computational variant assessment.
Splashing of tungsten-based anode during arc discharge
Authors: IIDA Kenta , KOMEN Hisaya , SHIGETA Masaya , TANAKA Manabu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A unique mechanism of splashing from a tungsten-based anode was identified during arc discharge. Splashing occurred by breakoff of a liquid metal column, which elongates after a local concavity forms on the molten anode surface. Blue–violet luminescence, emitted by cerium ions originating from additives in the tungsten-based anode, was captured before the concavity formation. The surface temperature exceeded the boiling point of the additives at the time of splashing. The measured droplet speeds suggested that an electromagnetic force contributes the high-speed ejections. Energy dispersive spectrometry mapping also exhibited a remnant of the additives on the longitudinal cross-section of the anode after arc discharge. Based on these experimental facts, the mechanism of anode splashing in arc discharge was deduced as follows: bubble formation of additives at temperatures above their boiling point, bubble bursting at the surface,, micro-plasma jet generation, liquid-column elongation and breakoff under an electromagnetic force, and consequent high-speed droplet ejection.
Transcriptome sequencing and identification of key genes in the oil content accumulation and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of Hibiseu manihot seeds
Authors: Yu Jie , Shi Hui-Min , Xu Hua-Xiang , Guo Xi , Lu Jun-Xing , Zhu Bo , Zhang Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Hibiseu manihot of various tissues has a high application value, accumulating more than 65% of unsaturated fatty acids in the seeds as well as high levels of oleic acid. Performing transcriptome analysis is beneficial to reveal the molecular mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis during the development of Hibiseu manihot seeds.Results Transcriptome analysis was performed using seeds of Hibiseu manihot at 5, 15 and 30 days after flowering. There were 3338 (1320down, 2018up), 6657 (3408down, 3249up), 3851 (2001down, 1850up) differentially expressed genes in 5 DAF vs 15 DAF, 5 DAF vs 30 DAF, 15 DAF vs 30 DAF. GO functional analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in three functional categories bioengineering, molecular function and cellular component. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in environmental information processes, genetic information processing, metabolism and other metabolic pathways. Nine genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis and oleic acid metabolic pathways were validated by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. The analysis of fatty acid content in Hibiseu manihot seeds at different stages showed that oleic acid increased and then decreased with seed development, at the same time, linoleic acid decreased first and then increased. and stearic acid content was more stable. It was hypothesized that KASII, SAD, FATA, PDAT and FAD2 might be closely related to the high content of oleic acid in Hibiseu manihot seeds, which laid a molecular foundation for further study on the functions of KASII, SAD, FATA, PDAT and FAD2.Conclusions This study has important significance and reference value for regulating the lipid metabolism pathway of Hibiseu manihot and mining the key genes involved in the lipid synthesis and accumulation of Hibiseu manihot.
Utilization of Duckweeds (Lemna minor) as an extractive species in rearing juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) using the open system
Authors: Azhar Muhammad Hanif , Memiş Devrim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) is a system that utilizes extractive species to utilize nutrients that are wasted from aquaculture activities. Lemna minor, commonly called duckweed, is a floating aquatic plant widely used to improve water quality in a body of water. The study aims to determine the potential of the Lemna minor as an inorganic extractive species in utilizing inorganic nitrogen from wastewater from rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) juvenile using the open system. In this study, rainbow trout were used as the fed species with an initial weight of 25 ± 2.0 g. Freshwater mussels (Anodonta sp.) with an initial weight of 58.00 ± 2.0 g were used as an organic extractive species. Lemna minor with different biomass weights (Treatment 1: 270 g and Treatment 2: 360 g) acting as inorganic extractive species were used in the experiment. The water temperature during the study period was around 13 oC. The use of Lemna minor with different stocking densities had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the values of pH, DO, nitrate, and T. Phosphorus in the filtration tanks. Overall, using Lemna minor as an inorganic extractive species reduced the concentration of ammonium and T. phosphorus from media-rearing rainbow trout juveniles. This study reveals that using different species with different trophic levels as extractive species can improve water quality in the IMTA system.
Using Simulation to Enhance Primary Care Sexual Health Services for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Silva Amina , Galica Jacqueline , Woo Kevin , Luctkar-Flude Marian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of a virtual simulation game (VSG) to improve primary care sexual health services for breast cancer survivors.
Methods
We developed a VSG to help primary care providers (PCPs) address sexual health disturbances among breast cancer survivors. We used a pretest–posttest design with a series of validated tools to assess the feasibility and perceived impact of the game, including an open-ended question about participants’ perceptions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and qualitative data through an inductive content analysis approach.
Results
Of the 60 participants, the majority were nurse practitioner students (n = 26; 43.3%); female (n = 48; 80%); and worked full-time (n = 35; 58.3%). Participants perceived the game as feasible and potentially effective. The intervention elicited an improvement in PCPs’ perception of knowledge between pretest and posttest surveys (z = -1.998, p = .046). Professional background and previous exposure to sexual health training were predictors of knowledge perception. Participants described the intervention as an engaging educational strategy where they felt safe to make mistakes and learn from that.
Conclusions
VSGs can be a potentially effective educational approach for PCPs. Our findings indicate that despite being an engaging interactive strategy, VSG interventions should be tailored for each professional group.
Implications for cancer survivors
This intervention has the potential to improve the knowledge and practice of PCPs related to breast cancer follow-up care to support comprehensive care for survivors, resulting in a better quality of life and patient outcomes.
Carbon balance shift in mountain peatlands along a gradient of grazing disturbance in the tropical Andes (Colombia)
Authors: Martínez-Amigo Violeta , Benavides Juan C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
High-elevation cushion peatlands are typical ecosystems of the Andes above 4000 m of altitude, with an important role in hydrology and global carbon sequestration. In Tropical Andean context, grazing livestock is one of the main threats to cushion peatlands, altering the vegetation and the storage carbon function. The aim of this research is to understand how grazing influences cushion peatland functioning by identifying ecological thresholds for carbon balance process. The study was carried out in four Andean peatlands in the northern part of Colombian Andes during 2019-2020. We established 30 plots of 1 m2 where water table level, vegetation cover, and grazing disturbance were monitored. We also measured CO2 fluxes using an infrared gas analyzer connected to a closed static chamber, which registered net ecosystem exchange and respiration data. Considerable variation in the conservation status of Distichia muscoides cushions was found within the sampled peatlands, reflecting an heterogeneous signal of grazing disturbance that is evident at the plot-specific scale. Decreasing water table level was related with changes in dominant vegetation, from compact cushion species to grasses proliferation, exacerbating disturbance effects and carbon emissions. Mixed effects logistic regression models showed a carbon balance shift, from CO2 sink to net emitter, in plots with high disturbance intensity and low D. muscoides cover. This study provides information for a better understanding of mountain peatlands functioning in the Tropical Andes and underlines the key role of D. muscoides cushions and the water table in carbon balance shift.
Molecular and statistical approaches to the delimitation of Eimeriidae species: A case of extreme polymorphism in eimerian oocysts from plumbeous pigeons Patagioenas plumbea Vieillot, 1818 (Columbiformes) in South America
Authors: Ortúzar-Ferreira Carlos Nei , Oliveira Mariana S. , Andrade Lucas de Assis S. , de Mello Ericson R. , Lima Viviane M. , Berto Bruno P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current work aimed to analyze, morphologically, statistically and molecularly, oocysts shed from plumbeous pigeons Patagioenas plumbea Vieillot, 1818 from a locality at 2197m of altitude near the Agulhas Negras peak, the highest point of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The oocysts were extremely polymorphic, being subspheroidal, ovoidal or ellipsoidal, in addition to having the random presence/absence of characteristic features associated with the oocyst wall, such as micropyle, micropyle cap, lateral micropyle and outer veil/rough wall. Linear regression confirmed the extreme polymorphism of oocysts, showing that if all combinations of taxonomic characters in oocysts (morphotypes) were overestimated, 19 different species could be identified/described. In contrast, the means comparison analysis between oocysts with presence/absence of characteristic features and the histograms showed equivalences and regularity in the distribution in the classes of measures, which indicate the presence of a single species in the measured oocysts. Molecular analyzes was performed from the isolation of individual oocysts of different morphotypes, which had their genetic material extracted, amplified and sequenced in 4 non-overlapping loci in cox1, cox3 genes and fragments of small and large subunit rDNA of mitochondrial DNA. The sequences were 100% identical between the morphotypes, with the exception of a very small divergence observed at the locus that partially covers the cox3 gene. The phylogenetic analysis was inconclusive for the locus within cox1 gene traditionally used for eimeriid coccidians, however the other loci should have a promising future for phylogenetic studies when more sequences for the same genic regions are deposited in GenBank. Finally, the multifactorial analysis of the current work supported that the polymorphic oocysts shed from P. plumbea are a single species, which was named as Eimeria patagioenasae, making this the twenty-second eimerian description from Columbiformes.
Solving fuzzy linear programming via the parametric form approach
Authors: SEMMOURI Abdellatif , Jourhmane Mostafa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The linear programming tool covers a wide range of subject areas including Mathematics, Physics, Financial Management and Digital Economic. Particularly when solving financial planning problems with a goal using linear programming, the presence of fuzziness with the ranking or weighting of goals leads to some technical difficulties.
Although significant research works which have been established on fuzzy linear programming, only the membership$'$s aspect or algebraic form are considered. In this regard, numerous results have been established in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to deal with a kind of linear programming problem involving triangular fuzzy numbers given in the parametric form. The main idea consists in constructing an estimate of the requested solution by superimposing of estimates provided by elementary linear programs. Through numerical experiment which is given in this manuscript, we demonstrate the empirical performance of our proposal.
This approach of parametric form will be extended and investigated for solving intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming and neutrosophic linear programming in the future perspective.
Dynamic mechanical properties of gamma sterilized bovine cortical bone soaked in olive leaves extract
Authors: Said Hoda , Taha Eman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Terminal sterilization is necessary for bone grafts to prevent infection and disease transmission. Gamma radiation sterilization is currently the accepted method for its convenience and effectiveness in establishing the sterility of bone grafts. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties of bone grafts are also impaired during the gamma radiation sterilization process. Many studies addressed this problem by confining the free radical damage pathway to the bone collagen phase by using free radical scavengers. However, the safety of these free radical scavengers needs to be more carefully investigated before being applied in bone sterilization. Due to the abundance of phenolic compounds in olive leaves and the fact that these compounds are known to be powerful antioxidants, the aim of this study is to examine olive leaves extract (OLE) as a novel, affordable and non-toxic free radical scavenger for bone specimen protection during gamma radiation sterilization. The radioprotective effect of OLE on bone was investigated qualitatively by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique. Specimens from the bovine femur were cut, and they were then soaked in previously prepared OLE for 4 days, 7 days, and 10 days at 4°C before being gamma sterilized with 25 KGy. In a 3-point bending configuration, the dynamic mechanical analysis was conducted at 1 Hz in the temperature range of 28–200°C. The research showed that gamma irradiation deteriorates the dynamic mechanical properties of bones. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001) in storage and loss moduli were observed between the irradiated group with 25 KGy and those pretreated by soaking in OLE before irradiation. The results obtained from this study proved that the use of OLE as a free radical scavenger before gamma sterilization would allow for biomechanically more stable bone grafts after implementation, and this finding is of great implication in bone banking.
The Excited State ( A 2 Σ ) potential energy surface of Xe-OH complex: a computational study
Authors: Singh Vipin Bahadur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ab initio calculations have been carried out for the ground X 2Π and first excited A2Σ states of the OH and Xe-OH complex employing the internally contracted MRCI approach with reference wave function obtained from state averaged CASSCF calculations. The calculated spectroscopic constants of OH are found in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed values. The computed potential energy surface for the first excited state of Xe-OH predicts the interaction energy of 11900 cm-1 indicating the formation of an incipient chemical bond between OH (A) and Xe.
Hyperpolarized Multi-organ Spectroscopy of Liver and Brain using 1- 13C-Pyruvate Enhanced via Para-Hydrogen
Authors: Hune Theresa L. K. , Mamone Salvatore , Schmidt Andreas B. , Mahú Inês , D’Apolito Natascha , Wiedermann Dirk , Brüning Jens , Glöggler Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hyperpolarization in nuclear magnetic resonance boosts the signals by several orders of magnitude. Using the singlet spin order of para-hydrogen to create large non-equilibrium spin polarization is a fast approach to obtain hyperpolarized metabolites in seconds. In recent years, it has attracted particular interest in the field of biomedicine because signal-enhanced and 13C-enriched metabolites allow for real-time metabolic investigations in combination with imaging in vivo. With this, metabolism can be traced and characterized with spatial selectivity in the body. Here, we introduce a method to use signal-enhanced metabolites to study multiple organs in separate injections to obtain real-time kinetics in vivo of these organs. Using hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate, we measured the kinetics of the conversion from pyruvate to lactate in the brain and the liver of mice. This we did by injecting the hyperpolarized pyruvate two times within half an hour and using each injection to measure the spectra of one region of interest. Organ cross-talk and especially how different organs affect each other in diseases is of major interest and rarely understood, because of the high complexity of biological systems. With the proof-of-principle study provided here, we are introducing a new tool to study organ-related interaction in vivo. It allows the characterization of different organs of the same animal at the same time point, which is enabled by the fast signal enhancement achieved with para-hydrogen.
Rydberg Electron Stabilizes the Charge Localized State of the Diamine Cation
Authors: Reimann Marc , Sebastiani Daniel , Kirsch Christoph , Kaupp Martin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interpretation of Rydberg spectra of gaseous dimethylpiperidine (DMP) as showing the co-existence of a localized and delocalized mixed-valent DMP+ radical cation has generated a controversial discussion about the performance of various electronic-structure methods. We revisit this discussion by high-level computations. An apparent barrier separating localized and delocalized DMP+ minima at MRCI+Q and a few other levels reflects unphysical curve crossings of the reference wave functions. These discontinuities on the surface are removed in state-averaged MRCI+Q calculations, as well as at IP-EOM-CCSD or CCSD(T) levels. This has prompted a high-level computational study of the actually observed Rydberg state of neutral DMP. Indeed, the 3s-type Rydberg electron binds more strongly to a localized rather than to a delocalized positive charge distribution. This stabilizes the localized structure to the extent where it becomes a local minimum for the DMP∗ Rydberg state, in contrast to DMP+, explaining the experimental observations. This appears to be the first case where interactions of a Rydberg electron with the underlying cationic core alter molecular structure in such a fundamental way.