bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of an interactive weekly text-messaging intervention on retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care: a randomised controlled trial (WelTel PMTCT)
Authors: Nordberg Björn , van der Kop Mia Liisa , Mwangi Winfred , Mwangi Jonathan , Kaguiri Eunice , Chamorro de Angeles Katrine J. , Lester Richard T. , Gabriel Erin E. , Rautiainen Susanne , Awiti Patricia Opondo , Kågesten Anna E. , Were Edwin , Ekström Anna Mia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRetention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care is critical to prevent vertical HIV transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality of mother-infant pairs. We investigated whether weekly, interactive text-messaging improved 18-month postpartum retention in PMTCT care. This randomised, two-armed, parallel trial was conducted at six PMTCT clinics in western Kenya. Pregnant women with HIV at least 18 years of age with access to a mobile phone, able to text-message, or had somebody who could text on their behalf, were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio in block sizes of four to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received weekly text messages asking “How are you?” (“Mambo?” in Swahili) and were requested to respond within 48 h. Healthcare workers called women who indicated a problem or did not respond. The intervention was administered up to 24 months after delivery. Both groups received standard care. The primary outcome was retention in care at 18 months postpartum (i.e., clinic attendance 16–24 months after delivery based on data from patient files, patient registers and Kenya’s National AIDS and STI Control Programme database), which was analysed by intention-to-treat. Researchers and data collectors were masked to group assignment, while healthcare workers were not. Between June 25th, 2015, and July 5th, 2016, we randomly assigned 299 women to the intervention and 301 to standard care only. Follow-up concluded on July 26th, 2019. The proportion of women retained in PMTCT care at 18 months postpartum was not significantly different between the intervention (n = 210/299) and control groups (n = 207/301) (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.92–1.14, p = 0.697). No adverse events related to the mobile phone intervention were reported. Weekly, interactive text-messaging was not associated with improved retention in PMTCT care at 18 months postpartum or linkage to care up to 30 months postpartum in this setting. (ISRCTN No. 98818734).
Spin–orbit torque flash analog-to-digital converter
Authors: Ghanatian Hamdam , Benetti Luana , Anacleto Pedro , Böhnert Tim , Farkhani Hooman , Ferreira Ricardo , Moradi Farshad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are critical components in mixed-signal integrated circuits (IC), their performance has not been improved significantly over the last decade. To achieve a radical improvement (compact, low power and reliable ADCs), spintronics can be considered as a proper candidate due to its compatibility with CMOS and wide applications in storage, neuromorphic computing, and so on. In this paper, a proof-of-concept of a 3-bit spin-CMOS Flash ADC using in-plane-anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions (i-MTJs) with spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching mechanism is designed, fabricated and characterized. In this ADC, each MTJ plays the role of a comparator whose threshold is set by the engineering of the heavy metal (HM) width. Such an approach can reduce the ADC footprint. Monte-Carlo simulations based on the experimental measurements show the process variations/mismatch limits the accuracy of the proposed ADC to 2 bits. Moreover, the maximum differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are 0.739 LSB (least significant bit) and 0.7319 LSB, respectively.
Miniaturized Vis–NIR handheld spectrometer for non-invasive pigment quantification in agritech applications
Authors: Dinish U. S. , Teng Mark Teo Ju , Xinhui Valerie Teo , Dev Kapil , Tan Javier Jingheng , Koh Sally Shuxian , Urano Daisuke , Olivo Malini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvanced precision agriculture requires the objective measurement of the structural and functional properties of plants. Biochemical profiles in leaves can differ depending on plant growing conditions. By quantitatively detecting these changes, farm production processes can be optimized to achieve high-yield, high-quality, and nutrient dense agricultural products. To enable the rapid and non-destructive detection on site, this study demonstrates the development of a new custom-designed portable handheld Vis–NIR spectrometer that collects leaf reflectance spectra, wirelessly transfers the spectral data through Bluetooth, and provides both raw spectral data and processed information. The spectrometer has two preprogramed methods: anthocyanin and chlorophyll quantification. Anthocyanin content of red and green lettuce estimated with the new spectrometer showed an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.84 with those determined by a destructive gold standard biochemical method. The differences in chlorophyll content were measured using leaf senescence as a case study. Chlorophyll Index calculated with the handheld spectrometer gradually decreased with leaf age as chlorophyll degrades during the process of senescence. The estimated chlorophyll values were highly correlated with those obtained from a commercial fluorescence-based chlorophyll meter with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. The developed portable handheld Vis–NIR spectrometer could be a simple, cost-effective, and easy to operate tool that can be used to non-invasively monitor plant pigment and nutrient content efficiently.
Gene expression in bumble bee larvae differs qualitatively between high and low concentration imidacloprid exposure levels
Authors: Martín-Blázquez Rubén , Calhoun Austin C. , Sadd Ben M. , Cameron Sydney A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeonicotinoid pesticides negatively impact bumble bee health, even at sublethal concentrations. Responses to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid have been studied largely at individual adult and colony levels, focusing mostly on behavioral and physiological effects. Data from developing larvae, whose health is critical for colony success, are deficient, particularly at the molecular level where transcriptomes can reveal disruption of fundamental biological pathways. We investigated gene expression of Bombus impatiens larvae exposed through food provisions to two field-realistic imidacloprid concentrations (0.7 and 7.0 ppb). We hypothesized both concentrations would alter gene expression, but the higher concentration would have greater qualitative and quantitative effects. We found 678 genes differentially expressed under both imidacloprid exposures relative to controls, including mitochondrial activity, development, and DNA replication genes. However, more genes were differentially expressed with higher imidacloprid exposure; uniquely differentially expressed genes included starvation response and cuticle genes. The former may partially result from reduced pollen use, monitored to verify food provision use and provide additional context to results. A smaller differentially expressed set only in lower concentration larvae, included neural development and cell growth genes. Our findings show varying molecular consequences under different field-realistic neonicotinoid concentrations, and that even low concentrations may affect fundamental biological processes.
The Caenorhabditis elegans Shugoshin regulates TAC-1 in cilia
Authors: Reed R. , Park K. , Waddell B. , Timbers T. A. , Li C. , Baxi K. , Giacomin R. M. , Leroux M. R. , Carvalho C. E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conserved Shugoshin (SGO) protein family is essential for mediating proper chromosome segregation from yeast to humans but has also been implicated in diverse roles outside of the nucleus. SGO’s roles include inhibiting incorrect spindle attachment in the kinetochore, regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), and ensuring centriole cohesion in the centrosome, all functions that involve different microtubule scaffolding structures in the cell. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a species with holocentric chromosomes, SGO-1 is not required for cohesin protection or spindle attachment but appears important for licensing meiotic recombination. Here we provide the first functional evidence that in C. elegans, Shugoshin functions in another extranuclear, microtubule-based structure, the primary cilium. We identify the centrosomal and microtubule-regulating transforming acidic coiled-coil protein, TACC/TAC-1, which also localizes to the basal body, as an SGO-1 binding protein. Genetic analyses indicate that TAC-1 activity must be maintained below a threshold at the ciliary base for correct cilia function, and that SGO-1 likely participates in constraining TAC-1 to the basal body by influencing the function of the transition zone ‘ciliary gate’. This research expands our understanding of cellular functions of Shugoshin proteins and contributes to the growing examples of overlap between kinetochore, centrosome and cilia proteomes.
Application of self-supervised approaches to the classification of X-ray diffraction spectra during phase transitions
Authors: Sun Yue , Brockhauser Sandor , Hegedűs Péter , Plückthun Christian , Gelisio Luca , Ferreira de Lima Danilo Enoque 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques encode ample information on investigated samples. The ability of rapidly and accurately extracting these enhances the means to steer the experiment, as well as the understanding of the underlying processes governing the experiment. It improves the efficiency of the experiment, and maximizes the scientific outcome. To address this, we introduce and validate three frameworks based on self-supervised learning which are capable of classifying 1D spectral curves using data transformations preserving the scientific content and only a small amount of data labeled by domain experts. In particular, in this work we focus on the identification of phase transitions in samples investigated by x-ray powder diffraction. We demonstrate that the three frameworks, based either on relational reasoning, contrastive learning, or a combination of the two, are capable of accurately identifying phase transitions. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the selection of data augmentation techniques, crucial to ensure that scientifically meaningful information is retained.
Asymptomatic viral infection is associated with lower host reproductive output in wild mink populations
Authors: Zalewski Andrzej , Virtanen Jenni M. E. , Zalewska Hanna , Sironen Tarja , Kołodziej-Sobocińska Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany endemic viruses circulate in populations without hosts showing visible signs of disease, while still having the potential to alter host survival or reproduction. Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV) circulates in many American mink (Neogale vison) populations in its native and introduced ranges. In this study, we analysed how AMDV infection in female American mink affects the reproduction of a feral population. Females infected with AMDV delivered significantly smaller litters (5.8 pups) than uninfected females (6.3 pups), meaning their litter size was reduced by 8%. Larger females and yearling females had larger litters than smaller and older females. There were no significant differences in whole litter survival between infected and uninfected females; however, offspring survival until September or October within litters of infected females was 14% lower than that within those of uninfected females. This negative link between infection and reproductive output means that Aleutian disease could seriously affect the wild mink population. This study increases our understanding of the threats posed by the spread of viruses to wildlife from farm animals or humans, highlighting that viruses circulating in wildlife, even in the absence of clinical manifestation, can be important drivers of population dynamics in wildlife.
Exposure to polystyrene nanoparticles leads to changes in the zeta potential of bacterial cells
Authors: Zając Marcin , Kotyńska Joanna , Zambrowski Grzegorz , Breczko Joanna , Deptuła Piotr , Cieśluk Mateusz , Zambrzycka Monika , Święcicka Izabela , Bucki Robert , Naumowicz Monika 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolymer molecules, the main components of plastics, are an emerging pollutants in various environmental compartments (water, air, soil) that may induce several ecotoxicological effects on live organisms. Therefore, understanding how plastic particles interact with bacterial cell membranes is crucial in analysing their associated risks in ecosystems and human microbiota. However, relatively little is known about the interaction between nanoplastics and bacteria. The present work focuses on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, representing the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively, exposed to 100 nm diameter polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs). The nanoparticles attach to the cells’ membranes of both bacteria, changing their electrical charge, but without the effect of killing the cells. PS NPs caused a change in zeta potential values (both species of bacterial strains), dependent on particle concentration, pH, as well as on exposure time of bacteria to them. Through the application of AFM and FTIR techniques, the presence of PS NPs on bacterial surfaces was detected, suggesting the affinity of the particles to bacterial components, but without any changes in the morphology of the tested bacteria. The zeta potential can be more widely used in the study of interactions between nanostructures and cells.
Novel nomogram for predicting pulmonary complications in patients with blunt chest trauma with rib fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seok Junepill , Yoon Su Young , Lee Jin Young , Kim Seheon , Cho Hyunmin , Kang Wu Seong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe direct consequences of chest trauma may cause adverse outcomes. Therefore, the early detection of high-risk patients and appropriate interventions can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the risk factor for overall pulmonary complications in patients with blunt traumatic rib fractures. Prospectively recorded data of patients with blunt chest trauma in a level 1 trauma center between January 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcomes were one or more pulmonary complications. To minimize the overfitting of the prediction model, we used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. We input selected features using LASSO regression into the multivariable logistic regression model (MLR). We also constructed a nomogram to calculate approximate individual probability. Altogether, 542 patients were included. The LASSO regression model identified age, injury severity score (ISS), and flail motion of the chest wall as significant risk factors. In the MLR analysis, age (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.08; p < 0.001), ISS (aOR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.16; p < 0.001), and flail motion (aOR 8.82; 95% CI 4.13–18.83; p < 0.001) were significant. An MLR-based nomogram predicted the individual risk, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.826. We suggest a novel nomogram with good performance for predicting adverse pulmonary outcomes. The flail motion of the chest wall may be the most significant risk factor for pulmonary complications.
Accurate, non-destructive, and high-throughput age estimation for Golden perch (Macquaria ambigua spp.) using DNA methylation
Authors: Mayne Benjamin , Espinoza Tom , Crook David A. , Anderson Chloe , Korbie Darren , Marshall Jonathan C. , Kennard Mark J. , Harding Doug J. , Butler Gavin L. , Roberts Brien , Whiley Josh , Marshall Sharon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAge structure information of animal populations is fundamental to their conservation and management. In fisheries, age is routinely obtained by counting daily or annual increments in calcified structures (e.g., otoliths) which requires lethal sampling. Recently, DNA methylation has been shown to estimate age using DNA extracted from fin tissue without the need to kill the fish. In this study we used conserved known age-associated sites from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome to predict the age of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua), a large-bodied native fish from eastern Australia. Individuals aged using validated otolith techniques from across the species’ distribution were used to calibrate three epigenetic clocks. One clock was calibrated using daily (daily clock) and another with annual (annual clock) otolith increment counts, respectively. A third used both daily and annual increments (universal clock). We found a high correlation between the otolith and epigenetic age (Pearson correlation > 0.94) across all clocks. The median absolute error was 2.4 days in the daily clock, 184.6 days in the annual clock, and 74.5 days in the universal clock. Our study demonstrates the emerging utility of epigenetic clocks as non-lethal and high-throughput tools for obtaining age estimates to support the management of fish populations and fisheries.
Molecular basis for carrier protein-dependent amide bond formation in the biosynthesis of lincosamide antibiotics
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Kadlcik Stanislav , Lyu Shuang , Kamenik Zdenek , Sakurada Kosuke , Mazumdar Aninda , Wang Huibin , Janata Jiri , Abe Ikuro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the biosynthesis of the lincosamide antibiotic celesticetin, the condensation enzyme CcbD generates the lincosamide pharmacophore by forming an amide bond between the carrier protein (CP)-tethered proline and ergothioneine-conjugated thiooctose. Although the function of CcbD has been investigated, its substrate specificity, structures and catalytic mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show the structure–function analyses of CcbD. Our biochemical analysis revealed that CcbD exhibits promiscuous substrate specificity towards CP-tethered acyl substrates to generate unnatural lincosamides. Furthermore, structural analyses indicated that CcbD possesses an unusual overall fold, while the N-terminal region shows weak similarity to cysteine proteases. Thus, CcbD, like cysteine proteases, utilizes the Cys-His-Glu catalytic triad to form amide bonds in a CP-dependent manner, which is significantly different from other known amide bond-forming enzymes. Furthermore, the structures of the CcbD/thiooctose complex and the cross-linked CcbD/CcbZ-CP complex, as well as structure-based mutagenesis, revealed the intimate structural details of the CP-dependent amide bond formation reaction.
„Denn zweimal befiel sie denselben nicht …“
Authors: Leven Karl-Heinz 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie in der Antike eher zufällig bemerkte Immunität nach überstandener Krankheit wurde erst in der Frühen Neuzeit medizinisch nutzbar gemacht. Gegen die in dieser Zeit verheerend auftretenden Pocken setzte man seit Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts zunächst die Variolation ein; seit 1798 wurde mit der von Edward Jenner entwickelten Vakzination eine spezifische, zuverlässige und vergleichsweise harmlose Impfung verfügbar. Die Geburtsstunde der Pockenschutzimpfung war zugleich Ursprung von Impfskepsis und -widerstand. In Deutschland organisierte sich, verstärkt nach der Einführung der gesetzlichen Impfpflicht 1874, eine ideologisch ausgerichtete Bewegung, die über Jahrzehnte wider die Vakzination stritt. In vier aufeinanderfolgenden Staatsformen, vom wilhelminischen Kaiserreich bis zur Bundesrepublik wurde die Impfpflicht gleichwohl pragmatisch gehandhabt und moderat durchgesetzt. Zwangsimpfungen und Strafen gab es nur in wenigen Ausnahmefällen. Die Geschichte der Impfungen lehrt solcherart, dass eine verantwortliche und nüchterne Gesundheitspolitik in Krisenzeiten mehr bewirken kann als eine kurzsichtige, auf Emotionalisierung und Moralisierung setzende Kampagne.
Schwere Komplikationen bei Lebendimpfungen
Authors: Gothe Florian 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLebendimpfstoffe erzeugen eine starke, lang-anhaltende Immunität und haben Millionen Menschenleben weltweit gerettet. Sehr selten jedoch können sich angeborene Störungen des Immunsystems nach einer Lebendimpfung manifestieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen anhand monogenetischer Immundefekte entscheidende Mechanismen der antiviralen Immunität diskutiert werden. Das Verständnis der jeweiligen pathophysiologischen Grundlagen erlaubt Rückschlüsse beispielsweise auf die Impfstoffentwicklung.
Patient*innen-Sicherheit 4.0: „Fehler der Woche“ – Um die Vorbildfunktion geht’s!
Authors: Ulmer Francis , Krings Rabea , Häberli Christoph , Bally Romina , Schuchmann Marcus , Huwendiek Sören , Kabitz Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund (Beinahe-)Fehler kommen im komplexen Gesundheitswesen häufig vor. Hierarchisch geprägte Strukturen begünstigen eine Fehlerkultur des „Name – Blame – Shame“ (benenne, klage an, beschäme), (Beinahe-)Fehler werden vertuscht, verharmlost oder totgeschwiegen. Eine der größten Herausforderungen der modernen Medizin ist die Schaffung eines Umfelds, welches durch offene Berichterstattung (Beinahe-)Fehler systematisch analysiert und ermöglicht, daraus etwas zu lernen. Ärzt*innen haben hierbei wegen des ausgeprägten Hierarchiegefüges und des traditionellen Rollenverständnisses eine Schlüsselfunktion.
Methoden Nach entsprechender Literaturanalyse wurde das flächendeckend anzuwendende Modell „Fehler der Woche“ (FdW) entwickelt, welches jedem (ärztlichen) Teammitglied erlaubt, offen über (Beinahe-)Fehler zu berichten. Fünf Fokusgruppen wurden durchgeführt und gemäß qualitativem Forschungsansatz via thematischer Analyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Folgende wesentliche Erfolgsfaktoren für einen angstfreien Umgang mit (Beinahe-)Fehlern (Modell FdW) wurden identifiziert: 1. Vorbildfunktion („Der Chef macht’s vor“), 2. fester Zeitslot/„Fehlerbühne“, 3. sanktionsfreies Berichten eigener Fehler, 4. vertrauensvolles Arbeitsklima. Folgende relevanten Auswirkungen resultierten hieraus: 1. eigene Fehler werden häufiger berichtet, 2. Erleichterung/Entlastung, 3. psychologische Sicherheit, 4. Lerneffekt.
Diskussion Das Modell „Fehler der Woche“ ist in der Lage, einen nachhaltigen Kulturwandel einzuleiten, gemäß dem Motto „ich bin gewiss nicht stolz darauf, dass mir ein (Beinahe-)Fehler unterlaufen ist – jedoch sehr stolz darauf, dass ich im Sinne der Patient*innen-Sicherheit darüber reden kann“.
Update Varizella-Zoster-Impfung
Authors: Prelog Martina 
Published: June 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie attenuierte Lebendimpfung gegen Varizellen (Windpocken) hat sich in den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten als effektiv und sicher herausgestellt. Der Schutz vor Erkrankung kann durch die zweite Varizellen-(VZV)-Impfung auf über 95 % mit einer langanhaltenden Wirksamkeit angehoben werden. Gerade immunsupprimierte oder -defiziente Patienten profitieren von den individualisierten Impfempfehlungen in Abhängigkeit von der immunologischen Dysregulation und der pharmakologisch relevanten Immunsuppression. Zur Postexpositionsprophylaxe steht eine passive Immunisierung mit VZV-Hyperimmunglobulin zur Verfügung. Ein adjuvantierter rekombinanter Zoster-Impfstoff boostert die VZV-spezifische T-Zell-Immunantwort bei Erwachsenen und ist allen Erwachsenen mit erhöhtem Zoster-Risiko empfohlen. Obwohl ursprünglich Skepsis bestand gegen die generelle VZV-Impfempfehlung, zeigen sich nun in der Zusammenschau der mittlerweile generierten Evidenz eine signifikante Abnahme der Varizellen-Inzidenzen und ein sehr gutes Sicherheitsprofil hinsichtlich Transmission des Impfstammes, Durchbruchsinfektionen und Zoster-Reaktivierung.
Unsere bevorzugten Zugänge zum distalen
Radius
Authors: Prommersberger Karl-Josef , Dimitrova Polina , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt unsere bevorzugten Zugänge für
Plattenosteosynthesen am distalen Radius für die Frakturbehandlung und
Korrekturosteotomie.