bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review of lung function in children and adolescents living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Liu Jingbo , Maleche‐Obimbo Elizabeth , Shanthikumar Shivanthan , Graham Stephen M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children and adolescents remains an important health challenge in many countries and is commonly associated with lung disease. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly improved survival but chronic lung disease is a common ongoing challenge. We conducted a scoping review of studies that have reported lung function in school‐aged children and adolescents living with HIV.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed by searching Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases, limited to articles published between 2011 and 2021 in English language. Inclusion criteria were studies involving participants living with HIV aged 5–18 years and having spirometry data. The primary outcome was lung function as measured by spirometry.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included in the review. Most study participants were living in the sub‐Saharan African region. The prevalence of reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ranged from 25.3% to 73% across studies, reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) ranged from 10% to 42% and reduced FEV1/FVC ranged from 3% to 26%. The mean z‐score of FEV1 ranged from −2.19 to −0.73, mean zFEV1/FVC ranged from −0.74 to 0.2, and mean FVC ranged from −1.86 to −0.63.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of lung function impairment in children and adolescents living with HIV, which persists in the ART era. Further studies are needed of interventions that might improve lung function in these vulnerable populations.
Flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: A case‐control study of the indications, findings, and complications
Authors: Arwas Noga , Goldbart Aviv , Aviram Micha , Dizitzer Yotam , Pansky Itay , Golan‐Tripto Inbal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) often undergo flexible bronchoscopies (FB) due to common respiratory symptoms.ObjectiveTo examine the indications, findings, and complications of FB in pediatric DS patients.MethodsA retrospective case‐control study on FB performed in DS pediatric patients between 2004 and 2021 in a tertiary center. DS patients were matched to controls (1:3) based on age, gender, and ethnicity. Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, indications, findings, and complications.ResultsFifty DS patients (median age 1.36 years, 56% males) and 150 controls (median age 1.27 years, 56% males), were included. Evaluation for obstructive sleep apnea and oxygen dependence were more common indications among DS (38% vs. 8%, 22% vs. 4%, p < 0.01, respectively). Normal bronchoscopy was less frequent in DS compared with controls (8% vs. 28%, p = 0.01). Soft palate incompetence and tracheal bronchus were more frequent in DS (12% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.024, 8% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.02, respectively). Complications were more frequent in DS (22% vs. 9.3%, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.36, p = 0.028). In DS, cardiac anomalies (IRR 3.96, p < 0.01), pulmonary hypertension (IRR 3.76, p = 0.006), and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization before the procedure (IRR 4.2, p < 0.001) were associated with higher complication rates. In a multivariate regression model, history of cardiac disease and PICU hospitalization before the procedure, but not DS, were independent risk factors for complications with an IRR of 4 and 3.1, respectively (p = 0.006, p = 0.05).ConclusionDS pediatric patients undergoing FB are a unique population with specific indications and findings. DS pediatric patients with cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension are at the highest risk for complications.
Clinical effect of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Duan Gongchen , Lan Haiyan , Shan Weifeng , Wu Yini , Xu Qiaomin , Dong Xiaoli , Mei Peiyi , You Minji , Jin Linfei , Wu Jimin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCiprofol is a newly developed intravenous anesthetic agent with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compared to propofol, ciprofol exhibits stronger binding to the GABAA receptor and elicits a greater enhancement of GABAA receptor‐mediated neuronal currents in vitro. The aims of the present clinical trials were to examine the safety and efficacy of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. A total of 105 elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive one of three sedation regimens: (1) the C1 group (0.2 mg/kg ciprofol), (2) the C2 group (0.3 mg/kg ciprofol), (3) the C3 group (0.4 mg/kg ciprofol). The primary outcome was the incidence of various adverse events, including hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and injection pain. The secondary outcomes of efficacy were the success rate of general anesthesia induction, the time to anesthesia induction, and the frequency of remedial sedation was recorded in each group. Adverse events occurred in 13 patients (37%) in group C1, 8 patients (22%) in group C2, and 24 patients (68%) in group C3. Compared with group C2, the total incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in group C1 and group C3 (p < .001).The success rate of general anesthesia induction in the three groups was 100%. Compared with group C1, the frequency of remedial sedation was significantly lower in group C2 and group C3. The outcomes demonstrated that ciprofol at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg has good safety and efficacy in the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. Overall, ciprofol is a new and viable option for the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery.
Primary pulmonary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting multiple nodules mimicking metastasis: A case report
Authors: Fujioka Nobuhiro , Kai Yoshiro , Kataoka Ryosuke , Suzuki Kentaro , Sakaguchi Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Kawaguchi Takeshi , Sawabata Noriyoshi , Tanaka Haruyuki , Matsuoka Minami , Takeda Maiko , Muro Shigeo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrimary pulmonary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is a rare entity. We describe a case of pulmonary lymphoma with multiple nodules mimicking metastases in a treated patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A 73‐year‐old man was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 30. He was treated with leflunomide. He was followed up for a nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. He underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction at the age of 70. In April 2022, routine follow‐up revealed new‐onset multiple nodules on chest computed tomography (CT). A position emission tomography/CT scan with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose showed a low‐high maximum standardized uptake value by multiple nodules. Pathologic examination of a video‐assisted thoracic surgical biopsy revealed pulmonary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Systemic chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone reduced and eliminated multiple nodules. Pulmonary lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the case of multiple nodules on a chest CT.
Quality of Life in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa): A Scoping Review
Authors: Kaur Amrit P. , Laing Mary E. , Griffin Laoise , Carr Peter J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition which is physically, psychologically and socially disabling and often affects a patient's quality of life (QOL). There are numerous QOL tools used in dermatology. However, assessment of QOL in patients with HS is difficult due to the inability of generic QOL tools to specifically capture QOL in patients with HS. Numerous HS-specific QOL tools have been developed in recent years. It is important to identify evidence on full psychometric evaluation of these tools.

Objectives
There has been a gradual increase in the use of generic and disease-specific QOL tools in the last few decades. The aim of this scoping review (SR) is to evaluate the most widely used generic QOL tools and HS-specific QOL tools to identify the psychometric evaluation of such tools.

Methods
Design: An SR guided by Joanna Briggs Institute manual and Arskey O’Malley framework guidelines. Data extraction included the studies available on full psychometric evaluation of the most widely used dermatology generic QOL tools in HS and HS-specific QOL tools.

Results
Ten papers were included in the review, eight papers demonstrated HS-specific QOL assessment tools. The psychometric properties of these tools were underpinned by reliability, validity and sensitivity measurement. Six disease-specific tools were identified in this SR. However, they all lack full psychometric evaluation.

Conclusion
This review indicates that an extensive research in the field of QOL tools for HS is much needed. It is crucial to develop user-friendly and validate disease-specific tools to measure the real impact of disease on patients QOL. QOL instruments can evaluate the impact on life of an HS patient, thus helping improve intervention and management of disease. There is a necessity for more research into existing HS-specific QOL tools and they should be widely tested and fully validated.
Co‐Assembly of Carbon Nanotube Porins into Biomimetic Peptoid Membranes
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Hettige Jeevapani J. , Li Yuhao , Jian Tengyue , Yang Wenchao , Yao Yun‐Chiao , Zheng Renyu , Lin Zhixing , Tao Jinhui , De Yoreo James J. , Baer Marcel , Noy Aleksandr , Chen Chun‐Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRobust and cost‐effective membrane‐based separations are essential to solving many global crises, such as the lack of clean water. Even though the current polymer‐based membranes are widely used for separations, their performance and precision can be enhanced by using a biomimetic membrane architecture that consists of highly permeable and selective channels embedded in a universal membrane matrix. Researchers have shown that artificial water and ion channels, such as carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), embedded in lipid membranes can deliver strong separation performance. However, their applications are limited by the relative fragility and low stability of the lipid matrix. In this work, we demonstrate that CNTPs can co‐assemble into two dimension (2D) peptoid membrane nanosheets, opening up a way to produce highly programmable synthetic membranes with superior crystallinity and robustness. A combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements to verify the co‐assembly of CNTP and peptoids are used and show that it does not disrupt peptoid monomer packing within the membrane. These results provide a new option for designing affordable artificial membranes and highly robust nanoporous solids.
A Membrane‐Associated Light‐Harvesting Model is Enabled by Functionalized Assemblies of Gene‐Doubled TMV Proteins
Authors: Dai Jing , Wilhelm Kiera B. , Bischoff Amanda J. , Pereira Jose H. , Dedeo Michel T. , García‐Almedina Derek M. , Adams Paul D. , Groves Jay T. , Francis Matthew B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotosynthetic light harvesting requires efficient energy transfer within dynamic networks of light‐harvesting complexes embedded within phospholipid membranes. Artificial light‐harvesting models are valuable tools for understanding the structural features underpinning energy absorption and transfer within chromophore arrays. Here, a method for attaching a protein‐based light‐harvesting model to a planar, fluid supported lipid bilayer (SLB) is developed. The protein model consists of the tobacco mosaic viral capsid proteins that are gene‐doubled to create a tandem dimer (dTMV). Assemblies of dTMV break the facial symmetry of the double disk to allow for differentiation between the disk faces. A single reactive lysine residue is incorporated into the dTMV assemblies for the site‐selective attachment of chromophores for light absorption. On the opposing dTMV face, a cysteine residue is incorporated for the bioconjugation of a peptide containing a polyhistidine tag for association with SLBs. The dual‐modified dTMV complexes show significant association with SLBs and exhibit mobility on the bilayer. The techniques used herein offer a new method for protein‐surface attachment and provide a platform for evaluating excited state energy transfer events in a dynamic, fully synthetic artificial light‐harvesting system.
Radiation‐Induced Immunogenic Cell Death for Cancer Radioimmunotherapy
Authors: Liu Teng , Pei Pei , Shen Wenhao , Hu Lin , Yang Kai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn cancer treatment, traditional radiotherapy (RT) is routinely conducted in local tumors and limited by radioresistance, while recently emerged immunotherapy is confronted with low response rate, high cost, and cytokine release syndrome. Logically, the combination of the two therapeutic modalities into radioimmunotherapy is promising to complement with each other for systemic elimination of cancer cells with high specificity, efficiency, and safety. Especially, RT‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays an imperative role in radioimmunotherapy to evoke systemic immune response against cancer, including elevating the immunity of tumor antigens, recruiting and activating antigen‐presenting cells, and priming cytotoxic T lymphocytes for tumoral infiltration and cancer cell eradication. This review first retrospects the origin and concept of ICD, summarizes the major damage‐associated molecular patterns and signaling pathways, and highlights the characteristics of RT‐induced ICD. Subsequently, therapeutic strategies enhancing RT‐induced ICD for radioimmunotherapy are reviewed from the perspectives of enhancing RT itself, combination with other treatments, and stimulating the holistic immune system. On the basis of these published research and underlying mechanism, this work attempts to forecast possible directions for RT‐induced ICD enhancement to promote clinical applications.
The single and hybrid use of steel and basalt fibers on high‐temperature resistance of sustainable ultra‐high performance geopolymer cement mortars
Authors: Guler Soner , Akbulut Zehra Funda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper primarily examines the flowability, physical appearance, mass loss, residual compressive strength (RCS), and residual flexural strength (RFS) properties of steel (ST) and basalt (BA) fiber‐added sustainable ultra‐high performance geopolymer cement (UHPGPC) mortars exposed to high‐temperature effects. According to the results obtained, ST and BA fibers adversely influence the workability properties of UHPGPC mortars and thus significantly reduce the spreading diameters of the mortars. However, ST and BA fibers substantially improve the RCS and RFS capacities of UHPGPC specimens exposed to high temperatures because they have a powerful bonding effect with the matrix and effectually restrict the development of micro‐ and macro‐cracks with their bridging effect. Furthermore, this phenomenon is slightly more effective in hybrid form than using ST and BA fibers.
Vacuum metrology and its impact on research and industry
Authors: Jousten Karl 
Published: February 2023

SummaryTo mark our anniversary, we are presenting articles that have been particularly appreciated by readers of our online edition once again in print. Here:By accurate vacuum measurement, it is possible to control processes in industry, to ensure the necessary environmental conditions for many experiments in science and research and to support the commercial relationship between manufacturers and users of vacuum equipment. The main task of vacuum metrology, the science of vacuum measurement, is to provide traceability of vacuum measurements to the SI. In recent years, also the characterization of vacuum by partial pressure analysis and outgassing rate measurement, and the dynamics of vacuum measurement became an issue for vacuum metrology.
Introduction: What Does It Mean to Do the Health Humanities in Application?
Authors: Riegel Christian , Robinson Katherine M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines key developments in the evolution of the health humanities, beginning with the field’s relationship to the medical humanities. The health humanities are presented as a field that has a wide range of intellectual interests and practical applications, serving researchers, educators, students, health care practitioners, and community members wherever health and wellness and the humanities intersect. Central to the focus of this book is the health humanities as inherently applied: how we do the health humanities forms a core approach. The chapter serves as an introduction to the health humanities and provides insight to the health humanities as an important intellectual and practical concern in the current moment.
Inter and Intra Signal Variance in Feature Extraction and Classification of Affective State
Authors: Dair Zachary , Dockray Samantha , O’Reilly Ruairi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPsychophysiology investigates the causal relationship of physiological changes resulting from psychological states. There are significant challenges with machine learning-based momentary assessments of physiology due to varying data collection methods, physiological differences, data availability and the requirement for expertly annotated data. Advances in wearable technology have significantly increased the scale, sensitivity and accuracy of devices for recording physiological signals, enabling large-scale unobtrusive physiological data gathering. This work contributes an empirical evaluation of signal variances acquired from wearables and their associated impact on the classification of affective states by (i) assessing differences occurring in features representative of affective states extracted from electrocardiograms and photoplethysmography, (ii) investigating the disparity in feature importance between signals to determine signal-specific features, and (iii) investigating the disparity in feature importance between affective states to determine affect-specific features. Results demonstrate that the degree of feature variance between ECG and PPG in a dataset is reflected in the classification performance of that dataset. Additionally, beats-per-minute, inter-beat-interval and breathing rate are identified as common best-performing features across both signals. Finally feature variance per-affective state identifies hard-to-distinguish affective states requiring one-versus-rest or additional features to enable accurate classification.
Brain Tumor Synthetic Data Generation with Adaptive StyleGANs
Authors: Tariq Usama , Qureshi Rizwan , Zafar Anas , Aftab Danyal , Wu Jia , Alam Tanvir , Shah Zubair , Ali Hazrat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenerative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data.
A Self-attention Guided Multi-scale Gradient GAN for Diversified X-ray Image Synthesis
Authors: Saad Muhammad Muneeb , Rehmani Mubashir Husain , O’Reilly Ruairi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImbalanced image datasets are commonly available in the domain of biomedical image analysis. Biomedical images contain diversified features that are significant in predicting targeted diseases. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are utilized to address the data limitation problem via the generation of synthetic images. Training challenges such as mode collapse, non-convergence, and instability degrade a GAN’s performance in synthesizing diversified and high-quality images. In this work, MSG-SAGAN, an attention-guided multi-scale gradient GAN architecture is proposed to model the relationship between long-range dependencies of biomedical image features and improves the training performance using a flow of multi-scale gradients at multiple resolutions in the layers of generator and discriminator models. The intent is to reduce the impact of mode collapse and stabilize the training of GAN using an attention mechanism with multi-scale gradient learning for diversified X-ray image synthesis. Multi-scale Structural Similarity Index Measure (MS-SSIM) and Frechet Inception Distance (FID) are used to identify the occurrence of mode collapse and evaluate the diversity of synthetic images generated. The proposed architecture is compared with the multi-scale gradient GAN (MSG-GAN) to assess the diversity of generated synthetic images. Results indicate that the MSG-SAGAN outperforms MSG-GAN in synthesizing diversified images as evidenced by the MS-SSIM and FID scores.
Privacy-Enhanced ZKP-Inspired Framework for Balanced Federated Learning
Authors: Marzo Stefano , Pinto Royston , McKenna Lucy , Brennan Rob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFederated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach that enables remote devices i.e. workers to collaborate to compute the fitting of a neural network model without sharing their data. While this method is favorable to ensure data privacy, an imbalanced data distribution can introduce unfairness in the model training, causing discriminatory bias towards certain under-represented groups. In this paper, we show that imbalance federated data decreases indexes of equity i.e. differences in treatment for underrepresented classes. To address the problem, we propose a federated learning framework called Z-Fed that 1) balances the training without exchange of privacy protected data using a zero knowledge proof (ZKP) technique, and 2) allows for the collection of information on data distributions based on one or more categorical features to produce metadata about population proportions. The proposed framework infers the precise data distribution without exchanging knowledge of the data categories and uses it to coordinate a balanced training set. Z-Fed aims to mitigate the effect of imbalanced data in FL while respecting privacy and without using mediators or probabilistic approaches. Compared to a non-balanced framework, Z-Fed improves fairness and equality measured in equal opportunities (EPD) by 53.54%, equal odds (EOD) by 56.41%, and statistical parity (SPD) by 46.1% on imbalanced UTK datasets, reducing biased predictions among subgroups. EPD, EOD, and SPD measure the disparity of treatment between privileged e.g. over-represented and non-privileged groups. Given the results obtained, Z-Fed can reduce discriminatory behaviors and enhance trustworthiness of federated learning.