bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular myocardial work for the prediction of early right heart failure and long-term mortality after left ventricular assist device implant
Authors: Landra Federico , Sciaccaluga Carlotta , Pastore Maria Concetta , Gallone Guglielmo , Barilli Maria , Fusi Chiara , Focardi Marta , Cavigli Luna , D’Ascenzi Flavio , Natali Benedetta Maria , Bernazzali Sonia , Maccherini Massimo , Valente Serafina , Cameli Matteo , Mandoli Giulia Elena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Right heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant is burdened by high morbidity and mortality rates and should be prevented by appropriate patient selection. Adequate right ventricular function is of paramount importance but its assessment is complex and cannot disregard afterload. Myocardial work (MW) is a non-invasive Speckle Tracking Echocardiography-derived method to estimate pressure–volume loops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of right ventricular myocardial work to predict RHF and long-term mortality after LVAD implant.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients from May 2017 to February 2022 undergoing LVAD implant were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a useful echocardiographic exam prior to LVAD implant were excluded. MW analysis was performed. The primary endpoints were early RHF (&lt;30 days from LVAD implant) and death at latest available follow-up. We included 23 patients (mean age 64 ± 8 years, 91% men). Median follow-up was 339 days (IQR: 30–1143). Early RHF occurred in six patients (26%). A lower right ventricular global work efficiency [RVGWE, OR 0.86, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.76–0.97, P = 0.014] was associated with the occurrence of early RHF. Among MW indices, the performance for early RHF prediction was greatest for RVGWE [area under the curve (AUC) 0.92] and a cut-off of 77% had a 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity. At long-term follow-up, death occurred in 4 of 14 patients (28.6%) in the RVGWE &gt; 77% group and in 6 of 9 patients (66.7%) in the RVGWE &lt; 77% group (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.90, P = 0.033).

Conclusion
RVGWE was a predictor of early RHF after LVAD implant and brought prognostic value in terms of long-term mortality.
Effect of protein supplementation on plasma sodium levels in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: a monocentric, open-label, proof-of-concept study—the TREASURE study
Authors: Monnerat Sophie , Atila Cihan , Baur Fabienne , Santos de Jesus Joyce , Refardt Julie , Dickenmann Michael , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Importance
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) can be treated with oral urea; however, compliance is impaired by its poor palatability.

Objective
To investigate whether dietary proteins could increase plasma sodium levels through urea-induced osmotic diuresis.

Design
An open-label, proof-of-concept trial.

Setting
University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, between October 2021 and February 2023.

Participants
Outpatients with chronic SIAD.

Interventions or exposures
Ninety grams of protein daily for 7 days in the form of protein powder, followed by 30 g of oral urea daily for 7 days after a wash-out period of ≥1 week.

Main outcomes and measures
The increase in sodium levels from baseline to the end of the 7-day protein supplementation.

Results
Seventeen patients were included. After 7 days of 90 g daily protein supplementation (n = 17), plasma sodium levels increased from 131 (129-133) to 133 (132-137), that is, by a median of 3 mmol L–1 (0-5) (P = .01). Plasma urea levels increased by 3 mmol L–1 (1.7-4.9) (P &lt; .01), and urine urea to creatinine ratio increased by 21.2 mmol mmol–1 (6.2-29.1) (P &lt; .01). After 7 days of 30 g oral urea (n = 10), plasma sodium levels increased from 132 (130-133) to 134 (131-136), that is, by a median of 2 mmol L–1 (1-3) (P = .06). Plasma urea levels increased by 5.8 mmol L–1 (2.7-9.2) (P &lt; .01), and urine urea to creatinine ratio increased by 31.0 mmol mmol–1 (18.7-45.1) (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions and relevance
Our findings suggest that protein powder increases plasma sodium levels in patients with chronic SIAD through protein-induced ureagenesis and osmotic diuresis. The effects are comparable with oral urea.
Private quantiles estimation in the presence of atoms
Authors: Lalanne Clément , Gastaud Clément , Grislain Nicolas , Garivier Aurélien , Gribonval Rémi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We consider the differentially private estimation of multiple quantiles (MQ) of a distribution from a dataset, a key building block in modern data analysis. We apply the recent non-smoothed Inverse Sensitivity (IS) mechanism to this specific problem. We establish that the resulting method is closely related to the recently published ad hoc algorithm JointExp. In particular, they share the same computational complexity and a similar efficiency. We prove the statistical consistency of these two algorithms for continuous distributions. Furthermore, we demonstrate both theoretically and empirically that this method suffers from an important lack of performance in the case of peaked distributions, which can degrade up to a potentially catastrophic impact in the presence of atoms. Its smoothed version (i.e. by applying a max kernel to its output density) would solve this problem, but remains an open challenge to implement. As a proxy, we propose a simple and numerically efficient method called Heuristically Smoothed JointExp (HSJointExp), which is endowed with performance guarantees for a broad class of distributions and achieves results that are orders of magnitude better on problematic datasets.
Knowledge and use of chorhexidine gel in umbilical cord care among postpartum women at Poly General Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Israel Chidinma E , Attama Kareen O , Opara Hope Chizolum , Ihudiebube-Splendor Chikaodili N , Omotola Ngozi J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis in the first week or two of life is a major cause of newborn deaths. People from diverse cultural backgrounds use different substances for umbilical cord care. Evidence-based umbilical cord care practices have a large potential to lower infant morbidity and mortality linked to infection. This study investigated the knowledge and use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive survey was employed among 191 postpartum women at the Poly General Hospital Asata, Enugu, selected through simple random sampling. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results
More than one-half (n=101; 52.1%) had poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care. There was no significant association between educational status and knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care among the participants (p=0.072). Only 89 (46.6%) had ever used chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care, while 49 (25.7%) used chlorhexidine gel for their last child. Parity was not significantly associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel (p=0.736). Both educational status (p=0.019) and knowledge of chlorhexidine use for umbilical cord care (p&lt;0.001) were found to be significantly associated with its use.

Conclusions
There was poor knowledge of chlorhexidine gel use for umbilical cord care among the participants. Use of chlorhexidine gel in this population is still suboptimal. Healthcare providers should continue to provide information on chlorhexidine gel use in umbilical cord care in order to optimise its knowledge and use. Other factors associated with the use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care should be explored.
Consumer-Led Investigation into Potential Issues That Arise When Testing Dairy Matrixes for Gluten With the NIMA Sensor
Authors: Thompson Tricia , Rogers Adrian , Perry Johnna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Some consumers with celiac disease use personal, point-of-use gluten detection devices to test food. False-positive results may occur due to sampling, matrix effects, and sensor issues.

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to determine if the positive gluten results some users were obtaining when testing cream cheese and materials of similar consistency were false positives and, if so, what might be causing them to occur.

Methods
Cream cheese, soft cheese, and yogurt were tested for gluten using the Ridascreen Gliadin R7001 sandwich R5 ELISA and the Ridascreen Gliadin R7021 competitive R5 ELISA. Two test portions were taken, extracted, and tested from each homogenized material. Materials were also analyzed for gluten using a NIMA sensor, a personal, point-of-use gluten detection device. Multiple test portion weights were tested beginning at 0.13 to 0.17 g (the ideal weight of the test portion according to the NIMA sensor development team).

Results
Using the sandwich R5 ELISA and the competitive R5 ELISA, all materials tested below the lower LOD for gluten. Using a NIMA sensor, as the weight of the test portion tested increased, sensor results went from no gluten found, to gluten found, to no test result.

Conclusion
The gluten found results using the NIMA sensor are likely false positives that appear to correspond with the weight and volume of the material tested, as well as the viscosity. There is also an apparent disconnect between the gluten found result reported by the sensor and an interpretation of the lateral flow device (LFD) strip result when assessed by eye which should also be taken into account. Ideally, NIMA sensor users should be advised on the weight amount of material to analyze and test portions should be weighed before being used with the NIMA sensor. However, this is not a practical solution when testing in many environments, including restaurants.

Highlights
Slight variations in weight and volume of test materials can result in false positive results when testing dairy matrixes for gluten using the Nima sensor.
Confirmation of cannabinoids in forensic toxicology casework by isomer-selective UPLC–MS-MS analysis in urine
Authors: Rosano Thomas G , Cooper Jane A , Scholz Kiley L , Wood Michelle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Confirmation of cannabinoid use by forensic toxicology testing in urine has been traditionally focused on ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) with analysis of its major metabolite, 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-THC (∆9-cTHC), in free and conjugated forms. Legalization of hemp, however, has led to the widespread production and sale of cannabidiol (CBD) derivatives with psycho-activity, including ∆8-THC and ∆10-THC isomers. The increasing availability and growing use of isomer derivatives necessitate an expanded scope of cannabinoid confirmation test protocols. We report a quantitative, isomer-selective method of cannabinoid confirmation by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of parent drug isomers (∆8-THC, ∆9-THC, ∆10-THC and CBD) as well as isomeric metabolites (∆8-cTHC and ∆9-cTHC). An efficient C18 phase chromatography on 1.6-µm solid core particles was used with a step gradient for near isocratic separation of both early-eluting THC metabolite isomers and later-eluting CBD and THC isomers. A rapid method of hydrolysis, dilution and analysis was employed for the quantitative co-determination of free and conjugated analytes, using stable isotope internal standardization. Method validation is reported, along with interference assessment from a prior confirmation method. Casework experience with the isomer-selective method revealed a 14% prevalence of ∆8-cTHC positive cases with a pattern of concomitant ∆8-THC and ∆9-THC use. A comparison of ∆8-cTHC and ∆9-cTHC phase two metabolism is also reported.
Can Wealth Buy Health? A Model of Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Investments in Health
Authors: Margaris Panos , Wallenius Johanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we develop a life cycle model that features pecuniary and non-pecuniary investments in health in order to rationalize the socioeconomic gradients in health and life expectancy in the United States. Agents accumulate health capital, which affects labor productivity, utility, the distribution of medical spending shocks, and life expectancy. We find that unequal health insurance coverage plays a negligible role in generating the observed gaps in health and longevity. Universal health insurance increases preventive medical spending but not time spent in health promoting activities, as individuals are no longer worried about avoiding high curative medical expenditure shocks due to increased health insurance coverage. Our findings suggest that differences in lifetime income, preferences, and health shocks are the main determinants of inequality in life expectancy.
A Weapon is No Subordinate
Authors: Spadaro Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The doctrine of superior responsibility is occasionally presented as a potential solution to the ‘responsibility gap’ allegedly created when the employment of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) results in violations of international humanitarian law, which would amount to war crimes. This article analyses several challenges to the applicability of the doctrine of superior responsibility in these circumstances. In fact, superior responsibility is premised on the existence of a superior–subordinate relationship between individuals. The type of control required for this relationship to exist is different from the kind of control exercised over weapons, including AWS. Additionally, the doctrine requires the commission of an underlying crime in all its elements by a punishable subordinate. Nonetheless, superior responsibility remains a useful framework to demarcate the scope of the supervisory duties of the superior in relation to the prevention of war crimes. Understanding the limitations of this doctrine will be important in guiding the discussions concerning the level of human control that should be retained over AWS.
Tolstoy on the injustice of the philosophy of education
Authors: Moulin Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tolstoy had a lifelong interest in education and philosophy. However, he was suspicious of using philosophy as a foundation for educational practice or applying philosophy to the educational problems of his day, most importantly, the development of an education system in Russia around the time of the emancipation of the serfs. Tolstoy’s rejection of the philosophy of education arose from his concerns about what would be identified in contemporary terminology as ‘epistemic injustice’ or ‘epistemicide’. How could European philosophy inform a curriculum and pedagogy for the Russian peasantry when the peasants’ own forms of knowledge were more valuable to their ways of life? Tolstoy sought to answer this question by engaging with children in peasant schools. This experience informed the development of his own worldview, articulated in the latter years of his life—a vision of uniting the insights of indigenous peoples from various times and places to inform what he considered to be the pursuit of authentic knowledge. This article considers Tolstoy’s apparent rejection of the philosophy of education, exploring how this seemingly bombastic position led to the evolution of an innovative meta-philosophy that offers some contribution to thinking about contemporary educational problems.
Stability of hierarchical triples – II. The inclination ι = 140° resonance in the stability surface
Authors: Pasechnik Alexey , Mylläri Aleksandr , Valtonen Mauri , Mikkola Seppo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The stability of a hierarchical triple star may be decided by a simple criterion, which was derived in Paper I. However, there is a region in the phase space where the stability limit Qmax is raised by a factor of two in a small region of the phase space with respect to the surrounding phase space. The phase space is defined by the inner and outer eccentricities ein and eout, respectively, as well as by the inclination ιtot between the inner and outer orbits. Additional parameters of the phase space are the masses of the three bodies. We study by numerical integration the orbits of over 100 000 triple systems in the resonance region. We find that the instability that causes the high value of Qmax arises from the octupole Kozai–Lidov resonance. This resonance region has rather equal contributions from the quadrupole and octupole terms and leads to secular evolution with an amplitude larger than either of the two oscillations in isolation. The conditions for this situation are best satisfied near the relative inclination ι = 140°. Additionally, the relative orientation of the two orbits plays a decisive role: the resonance is found only at certain values of the orbit’s node line longitude Ω. An analytical approximation of the energy change in a single close encounter between the inner and outer systems suggests a cos 2Ω dependence of Qmax on Ω, which seems to be qualitatively valid. We model Qmax as a function of cos ι and ein by a Gaussian function.
BSBM-14 MOLECULAR PROFILING OF CHECKPOINT LIGANDS AND KEY NK-ACTIVATION AND SUPPRESSIVE LIGANDS BY METASTATIC MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Anchan Akshata , Kim Hyeon Joo , Davison Will , Yu Jane , Robilliard Laverne , Graham E Scott 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with high propensity for brain metastasis. For advanced melanoma, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, like pembrolizumab, have shown remarkable promise for progression-free survival. The ICB drugs have primarily targeted melanoma suppression of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Earlier studies showed positive responses in up to 40% of cases, which has improved with discovery of new inhibitory ligands and combination therapy. However, not all patients respond, likely because of the capacity of cancer cells to regulate inhibitory and activating ligands, circumventing both immunomodulatory axes currently targeted by immunotherapies. In this study, we aim to characterize additional axes, prioritizing NK cells of the innate immune system. NK cells can mediate cytotoxic killing similar to CTLs but possess the advantages of germline-encoded receptors that recognize a broad range of ligands, thus, requiring relatively little priming and circumventing antigen escape. We have acquired up to ten patient-derived New Zealand Melanoma lines in collaboration with Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, of which three are from brain metastases. We used NanoString technology to assess melanoma gene expression of immunoregulatory ligands governing NK activation, inhibition or both (via dual-functional ligands dictated by NK-receptors). The results showed expression of several inhibitory ligands but very few activating ligands. The expression trends were largely similar but varied in a select few ligands. Flow cytometry was used to characterize cell-surface expression of the immunoregulatory proteins. These were compared with the classical inhibitory checkpoint molecules evidencing that melanoma cells expressed more NK inhibitory molecules. We hypothesize that melanoma cells both express inhibitory ligands and suppress activation ligands, to hinder NK cell activity. Here we aim to identify novel immune axes leading towards expansion of ICB therapies. This will afford clinicians a personalized approach and access to combination immunotherapies, especially in combating refractory metastatic melanoma, which have poor prognoses.
BSBM-21 MACHINE LEARNING IDENTIFIES EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN METASTASIS SUBTYPES BASED ON THEIR INFLUENCE ON NEURAL CIRCUITS
Authors: Masmudi-Martin Mariam , Sanchez-Aguilera Alberto , Navas-Olive Andrea , Baena Patricia , Hernández-Oliver Carolina , Martínez Sonia , Lafarga Miguel ,   RENACER Red Nacional de Metástasis Cerebral, Lin Michael Z , de la Prida Liset Menendez , Valiente Manuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A high percentage of patients with brain metastases frequently develop neurocognitive symptoms, however understanding how brain metastasis co-opt the function of neuronal circuits beyond a mass effect remains unknown. We report a comprehensive multidimensional modelling of brain functional analysis in the context of brain metastasis. By testing different pre-clinical models of brain metastasis from various primary sources and oncogenic profiles we dissociated the heterogeneous impact on brain function that we detected from the homogeneous inter-model tumor size or glial response. In contrast we report a potential underlying molecular program responsible for impairing neuronal crosstalk in a model-specific manner. Additionally, measurement of various brain activity readouts matched with machine learning strategies confirmed model-specific alterations that could help to predict the presence and subtype of metastasis. We envision that our findings not only increase our knowledge on the molecular basis of neurocognitive impairment associated with brain metastases but they are also the first step towards new therapeutic strategies to prevent or stop the decline in quality of life associated with these symptoms. In addition, our computational findings exploiting electrophysiological profiles suggest the possibility to exploit them as novel biomarkers.
CLRM-04 DEVELOPING A WORD LEXICON FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM DATA ANNOTATION USING RADIOLOGY REPORTS IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS - LINKING LARGE-SCALE DATA SETS TO EXPAND CLINICAL FEATURES FOR AI
Authors: Jagasia Sarisha , Krauze Andra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Patients with gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBM), have a higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), correlating with overall survival (OS). Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches that employ VTE as a clinical feature in brain tumor patients is understudied due to the difficulty in analyzing electronic health records (EHR). Data expansion by creating a word lexicon for natural language processing (NLP) of free-text clinical reports will allow exposure of VTE for the classification of large-scale data sets, NLP, and AI. Patients with a pathologic diagnosis of GBM (2005-2021) were screened for the development of VTE based on radiology free-text reports (ultrasound (US) of extremities and Computed Topography-pulmonary angiogram (CT)). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses about overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were generated for VTE. 163 patients (mean age = 56.1 ± 12.1, 65% male) were included, 48 (29.4%) were screened for VTE following clinical suspicion on history or physical exam, and 15 (9.2%) were found to have a VTE. Screening methods were ultrasound 83.3% (40) or CT 13.9% (6), or both 4.6% (2). 28.6% (12) of US and 37.5% (3) of CT resulted in a positive VTE diagnosis. The words “partial”, “residual”, “complete”, “critical” or “clotted” when used as an “or” boolean statement applied to US and CT radiology reports identified ~93% of the patients with VTE. Patients with VTE had worse OS (median 14 vs. 19 months, p = .0189) and PFS (median 6 vs. 9 months, p = .0239) than patients without VTE, indicating underlying pathology associated with both prevalence of VTE and tumor burden. US and CT yield a similar percentage of positive VTE findings while employing different terms to characterize VTE. We confirm that patients with VTE have poorer outcomes and present a word combination that identifies patients with VTE in large-scale radiology report data.