bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and simulative determination and correction of the effective gap extension in structured coaxial measuring systems
Authors: Josch Sebastian , Jesinghausen Steffen , Dechert Christopher , Schmid Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe use of structured measuring systems to prevent wall slip is a common approach to obtain absolute rheological values. Typically, only the minimum distance between the measuring surfaces is used for further calculation, implying that no flow occurs between the structural elements. But this assumption is misleading, and a gap correction is necessary. To determine the radius correction $$\Delta r$$

Δ
r

for specific geometries, we conducted investigations on three Newtonian fluids (two silicon oils and one suspension considered to be Newtonian in the relevant shear rate range). The results show that $$\Delta r$$

Δ
r

is not only shear- and material-independent, but geometry-dependent, providing a Newtonian flow behaviour in a similar viscosity range. Therefore, a correction value can be determined with only minute deviations in different Newtonian fluids. As the conducted laboratory measurements are very time-consuming and expensive, a CFD-approach with only very small deviations was additionally developed and compared for validation purposes. Therefore, simulation is an effective and resource-efficient alternative to the presented laboratory measurements to determine $$\Delta r$$

Δ
r

for the correction of structured coaxial geometries even for non-Newtonian fluids in the future.
Kidney tubular injury induced by valproic acid: systematic literature review
Authors: Anguissola Giulia , Leu Dennis , Simonetti Giacomo D. , Simonetti Barbara Goeggel , Lava Sebastiano A. G. , Milani Gregorio P. , Bianchetti Mario G. , Scoglio Martin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Valproic acid is prescribed for epilepsy and as prophylaxis for bipolar disorder and migraine headaches. It has also been implicated as a cause of a kidney tubular injury.

Methods
We undertook a review of the literature to characterize the biochemical and histopathological features of the overt kidney tubular injury and to evaluate the possible existence of a pauci-symptomatic injury. The pre-registered review (CRD42022360357) was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Searches were conducted in Excerpta Medica, the National Library of Medicine, and Web of Science. The gray literature was also considered.

Results
For the final analysis, we retained 36 articles: 28 case reports documented 48 individuals with epilepsy on valproic acid for 7 months or more and presenting with features consistent with an overt kidney tubular injury. The following disturbances were noted: hypophosphatemia (N = 46), normoglycemic glycosuria (N = 46), total proteinuria (N = 45), metabolic acidosis (N = 36), hypouricemia (N = 27), tubular proteinuria (N = 27), hypokalemia (N = 23), and hypocalcemia (N = 8). A biopsy, obtained in six cases, disclosed altered proximal tubular cells with giant and dysmorphic mitochondria. Eight case series addressed the existence of a pauci- or even asymptomatic kidney injury. In the reported 285 subjects on valproic acid for 7 months or more, an isolated tubular proteinuria, mostly N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, was often noted.

Conclusions
Valproic acid may induce an overt kidney tubular injury, which is associated with a proximal tubular mitochondrial toxicity. Treatment for 7 months or more is often associated with a pauci- or oligosymptomatic kidney tubular injury.

Graphical abstract
Knowledge- and ambiguity-aware robot learning from corrective and evaluative feedback
Authors: Celemin Carlos , Kober Jens 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to deploy robots that could be adapted by non-expert users, interactive imitation learning (IIL) methods must be flexible regarding the interaction preferences of the teacher and avoid assumptions of perfect teachers (oracles), while considering they make mistakes influenced by diverse human factors. In this work, we propose an IIL method that improves the human–robot interaction for non-expert and imperfect teachers in two directions. First, uncertainty estimation is included to endow the agents with a lack of knowledge awareness (epistemic uncertainty) and demonstration ambiguity awareness (aleatoric uncertainty), such that the robot can request human input when it is deemed more necessary. Second, the proposed method enables the teachers to train with the flexibility of using corrective demonstrations, evaluative reinforcements, and implicit positive feedback. The experimental results show an improvement in learning convergence with respect to other learning methods when the agent learns from highly ambiguous teachers. Additionally, in a user study, it was found that the components of the proposed method improve the teaching experience and the data efficiency of the learning process.
Genomic plasticity and adaptive capacity of the quaternary alkyl-ammonium compound and copper tolerant Acinetobacter bohemicus strain QAC-21b isolated from pig manure
Authors: Pulami Dipen , Schwabe Lina , Blom Jochen , Schwengers Oliver , Wilharm Gottfried , Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHere, we present the genomic characterization of an Acinetobacter bohemicus strain QAC-21b which was isolated in the presence of a quaternary alky-ammonium compound (QAAC) from manure of a conventional German pig farm. The genetic determinants for QAAC, heavy metal and antibiotic resistances are reported based of the whole genome shotgun sequence and physiological growth tests. A. bohemicus QAC-21b grew in a species typical manner well at environmental temperatures but not at 37 °C. The strain showed tolerance to QAACs and copper but was susceptible to antibiotics relevant for Acinetobacter treatments. The genome of QAC-21b contained several Acinetobacter typical QAAC and heavy metal transporting efflux pumps coding genes, but no key genes for acquired antimicrobial resistances. The high genomic content of transferable genetic elements indicates that this bacterium can be involved in the transmission of antimicrobial resistances, if it is released with manure as organic fertilizer on agricultural fields. The genetic content of the strain was compared to that of two other A. bohemicus strains, the type strain ANC 3994T, isolated from forest soil, and KCTC 42081, originally described as A. pakistanensis, a metal resistant strain isolated from a wastewater treatment pond. In contrast to the forest soil strain, both strains from anthropogenically impacted sources showed genetic features indicating their evolutionary adaptation to the anthropogenically impacted environments. Strain QAC-21b will be used as model strain to study the transmission of antimicrobial resistance to environmentally adapted Acinetobacter in agricultural environments receiving high content of pollutants with organic fertilizers from livestock husbandry.
Genetic diversity goals and targets have improved, but remain insufficient for clear implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework
Authors: Hoban Sean , Bruford Michael W. , da Silva Jessica M. , Funk W. Chris , Frankham Richard , Gill Michael J. , Grueber Catherine E. , Heuertz Myriam , Hunter Margaret E. , Kershaw Francine , Lacy Robert C. , Lees Caroline , Lopes-Fernandes Margarida , MacDonald Anna J. , Mastretta-Yanes Alicia , McGowan Philip J. K. , Meek Mariah H. , Mergeay Joachim , Millette Katie L. , Mittan-Moreau Cinnamon S. , Navarro Laetitia M. , O’Brien David , Ogden Rob , Segelbacher Gernot , Paz-Vinas Ivan , Vernesi Cristiano , Laikre Linda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGenetic diversity among and within populations of all species is necessary for people and nature to survive and thrive in a changing world. Over the past three years, commitments for conserving genetic diversity have become more ambitious and specific under the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF). This Perspective article comments on how goals and targets of the GBF have evolved, the improvements that are still needed, lessons learned from this process, and connections between goals and targets and the actions and reporting that will be needed to maintain, protect, manage and monitor genetic diversity. It is possible and necessary that the GBF strives to maintain genetic diversity within and among populations of all species, to restore genetic connectivity, and to develop national genetic conservation strategies, and to report on these using proposed, feasible indicators.
Perspectives on cyberlearning: A case study by students, about students
Authors: Davies Patricia Marybelle , Alotaishan Reem Muteb T. , Alabdulwahed Hayat Khalid A. , Khan Ali M. Fahim , Ateya Rawan Mohammad , Alkhamis Thamer Saleh , Alodhieb Abdulaziz Abdullah A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on a study conducted by college students at a private university in Saudi Arabia. The research examines the online learning experiences of their peers during the first wave of the coronavirus covid-19 pandemic. Many assumptions exist about online learning and its impact in higher education, but these are mainly based on the views of instructors and leaders of institutions. Hitherto, the perspectives of those meant to be beneficiaries of digital technologies have been given little consideration even though students use cyberspace for academic work and beyond. To address this silence, a group of student-researchers conducted a case study to examine students’ views of cyberlearning. The research used a qualitative analysis approach to address the following questions: (1) What were the cyberlearning experiences of students at our university during the first two semesters of lockdown? (2) What are students’ understandings of cyberlearning? (3) What are their aspirations for cyberlearning? Data were collected through an online survey administered to the entire student body at the university. Responses were received from 3574 students. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The research participants perceive cyberlearning to be the same as online learning and see it as a viable educational option. They reported that the dominant mode of instruction in online classrooms is instructors delivering information. Respondents also highlighted the need for improved online teaching pedagogies and curbing academic dishonesty in online classrooms. Students’ aspirations for cyberlearning were clearly articulated. Respondents suggested that increasing online learning opportunities would have a positive impact on their academic progress. Through this research students demonstrate a sense of agency and provide opportunities for equity strategies at their university. The results show that serious attempts should be made to include cyberlearning as part of everyday educational activity in an attempt to increase student engagement.
The relationship between air pollution and multimorbidity: Can two birds be killed with the same stone?
Authors: Arias de la Torre Jorge , Ronaldson Amy , Alonso Jordi , Dregan Alex , Mudway Ian , Valderas Jose M. , Vineis Paolo , Bakolis Ioannis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAir pollution and multimorbidity are two of the most important challenges for Public Health worldwide. Although there is a large body of evidence linking air pollution with the development of different single chronic conditions, the evidence about the relationship between air pollution and multimorbidity (the co-occurrence of multiple long-term conditions) is sparse. To obtain evidence about this relationship could be challenging and different aspects should be considered, such as its multifaceted and complex nature, the specific pollutants and their potential influence on health, their levels of exposure over time, or the data that could be used for its study. This evidence could be instrumental to inform the development of new recommendations and measures to reduce harmful levels of air pollutants, as means to prevent the development of multimorbidity and reduce its burden.
Self-fulfilling Prophecy in Practical and Automated Prediction
Authors: King Owen C. , Mertens Mayli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA self-fulfilling prophecy is, roughly, a prediction that brings about its own truth. Although true predictions are hard to fault, self-fulfilling prophecies are often regarded with suspicion. In this article, we vindicate this suspicion by explaining what self-fulfilling prophecies are and what is problematic about them, paying special attention to how their problems are exacerbated through automated prediction. Our descriptive account of self-fulfilling prophecies articulates the four elements that define them. Based on this account, we begin our critique by showing that typical self-fulfilling prophecies arise due to mistakes about the relationship between a prediction and its object. Such mistakes—along with other mistakes in predicting or in the larger practical endeavor—are easily overlooked when the predictions turn out true. Thus we note that self-fulfilling prophecies prompt no error signals; truth shrouds their mistakes from humans and machines alike. Consequently, self-fulfilling prophecies create several obstacles to accountability for the outcomes they produce. We conclude our critique by showing how failures of accountability, and the associated failures to make corrections, explain the connection between self-fulfilling prophecies and feedback loops. By analyzing the complex relationships between accuracy and other evaluatively significant features of predictions, this article sheds light both on the special case of self-fulfilling prophecies and on the ethics of prediction more generally.
Seismic Anisotropy Tomography and Mantle Dynamics
Authors: Zhao Dapeng , Liu Xin , Wang Zewei , Gou Tao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeismic anisotropy tomography is the updated geophysical imaging technology that can reveal 3-D variations of both structural heterogeneity and seismic anisotropy, providing unique constraints on geodynamic processes in the Earth’s crust and mantle. Here we introduce recent advances in the theory and application of seismic anisotropy tomography, thanks to abundant and high-quality data sets recorded by dense seismic networks deployed in many regions in the past decades. Applications of the novel techniques led to new discoveries in the 3-D structure and dynamics of subduction zones and continental regions. The most significant findings are constraints on seismic anisotropy in the subducting slabs. Fast-velocity directions (FVDs) of azimuthal anisotropy in the slabs are generally trench-parallel, reflecting fossil lattice-preferred orientation of aligned anisotropic minerals and/or shape-preferred orientation due to transform faults produced at the mid-ocean ridge and intraslab hydrated faults formed at the outer-rise area near the oceanic trench. The slab deformation may play an important role in both mantle flow and intraslab fabric. Trench-parallel anisotropy in the forearc has been widely observed by shear-wave splitting measurements, which may result, at least partly, from the intraslab deformation due to outer-rise yielding of the incoming oceanic plate. In the mantle wedge beneath the volcanic front and back-arc areas, FVDs are trench-normal, reflecting subduction-driven corner flows. Trench-normal FVDs are also revealed in the subslab mantle, which may reflect asthenospheric shear deformation caused by the overlying slab subduction. Toroidal mantle flow is observed in and around a slab edge or slab window. Significant azimuthal and radial anisotropies occur in the big mantle wedge beneath East Asia, reflecting hot and wet upwelling flows as well as horizontal flows associated with deep subduction of the western Pacific plate and its stagnation in the mantle transition zone. The geodynamic processes in the big mantle wedge have caused craton destruction, back-arc spreading, and intraplate seismic and volcanic activities. Ductile flow in the middle-lower crust is clearly revealed as prominent seismic anisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau, which affects the generation of large crustal earthquakes and mountain buildings.
Management of National eID Infrastructure as a State-Critical Asset and Public-private Partnership: Learning from the Case of Estonia
Authors: Lips Silvia , Tsap Valentyna , Bharosa Nitesh , Krimmer Robert , Tammet Tanel , Draheim Dirk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the management of national electronic identity (eID) infrastructure, cooperation between public and private parties becomes more and more important, as the mutual dependencies between the provision of e-services and the provision of the national public key infrastructure (PKI) continuously increases. Yet, it is not clear which key factors affect the public-private collaboration in the eID field, as existing studies do not provide insight into this particular matter. Therefore, we aim to identify the factors that affect public-private partnership (PPP) in the field of eID. We also describe feasible formats that help to improve the cooperation between the two sectors, based on insights from the case of Estonia. In service of that study, we conducted twelve qualitative interviews with high-level experts representing several parties from the public and the private sector. By conducting a thematic analysis of the interviews, we identified five key factors for successful PPP in the eID field, i.e., engagement, joint understanding, two-way communication, clear role division, and process orientation. Furthermore, we generalize our results by discussing, in how far the found cooperation formats can be used by stakeholders to manage state-critical information technology (IT) infrastructure components similar to eID such as mobile phone services, data transmission services and digital signature services.
Efficient encapsulation of isocyanates in PCL/PLA biodegradable microcapsules for adhesives
Authors: Aguiar António , Loureiro Mónica V. , Pinho Isabel , Marques Ana C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microencapsulation of isocyanates eliminates the risks associated with their direct handling, protects the isocyanate species from air moisture, and increases the storage life. In light of this, we present a straightforward and efficient process to encapsulate isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) using biodegradable polymers by an emulsion system combined with the solvent evaporation method. We produced spherical, disaggregated, and core–shell microcapsules (MCs) using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), or PCL/PLA blends as shell materials. As far as we know, it is the first time that isocyanate species are encapsulated by PLA or PCL/PLA blends. Our process leads to a production yield of 70–74% and an encapsulated isocyanate content up to 73 wt% of the MCs. All MCs showed very good isocyanate protection, especially when stored in low-moist environments. Their use as cross-linking agents for harmless, eco-innovative, and high-performance adhesive formulations for footwear was tested, for the first time, according to the specifications of industry standards. The peel tests of the adhesive’s joints revealed peeling strength values between 3.45 and 6.09 N/mm which is higher than the minimum required. The creep tests demonstrated that the use of MCs with encapsulated IPDI improves the heat resistance of the adhesive joints. Therefore, the MCs revealed an effective isocyanate release and very capable adhesive joints with no negative effects from the polymeric shell, validating the employment of these cross-linking agents in the footwear industry. Although PCL MCs were the ones with the highest IPDI content, the best adhesive formulations were produced with MCs with a high amount of PLA, due to their smaller size, good dispersibility and better distribution at the substrate.

Graphical abstract
Why do He and She Disagree: The Role of Binary Morphological Features in Grammatical Gender Agreement in German
Authors: Seyboth Margret , Domahs Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn many languages, grammatical gender is an inherent property of nouns and, as such, forms a basis for agreement relations between nouns and their dependent elements (e.g., adjectives, determiners). Mental gender representation is traditionally assumed to be categorial, with categorial gender nodes corresponding to the given gender specifications in a certain language (e.g., [masculine], [feminine], [neuter] in German). In alternative models, inspired by accounts put forward in theoretical linguistics, it has been argued that mental gender representations consist of sets of binary features which might be fully specified (e.g., masc [+ m, − f], fem [− m, + f], neut [− m, − f]) or underspecified (e.g., masc [+ m], fem [+ f], neut [] or masc [+ m, − f], fem [], neut [− f]). We have conducted two experiments to test these controversial accounts. Native speakers of German were asked to decide on the (un-)grammaticality of gender agreement of visually presented combinations of I) definite determiners and nouns, and II) anaphoric personal pronouns and nouns in an implicit nominative singular setting. Overall, agreement violations with neuterdas/esincreased processing costs compared to violations withdie / sieorder / erfor masculine or feminine target nouns, respectively. The observed pattern poses a challenge for models involving categorial gender representation. Rather, it is consistent with feature-based representations of grammatical gender in the mental lexicon.
When to Not Respond in Kind? Individuals’ Expectations of the Future and Their Support for Reciprocity in Foreign Policy
Authors: Kiratli Osman Sabri , Ertan Sabri Arhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates if individuals’ negative assessments of the future drive micro-level reluctance for international cooperation and reciprocal behavior, a core principle of multilateralism. To test our theoretical expectations, we field online survey experiments on a sample of over 3000 respondents in the US and Turkey in October–November 2020. The experimental results show that on average, individuals are fairly sensitive to target countries’ policy actions and are inclined to reciprocate when contemplating whether to increase contributions to UN or consent to bilateral trade liberalization. Yet, further analyses concur that individual inclinations to reciprocate are substantially moderated by their future expectations. Specifically, individuals who are more pessimistic about their material prospects remain fairly indifferent to the positive actions of other countries, but are more likely to penalize negative foreign policy actions by reciprocating in kind.