bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D Visualization of a Nonthermal Coherent Magnon in a Laser Heated Lattice by an X‐ray Free Electron Laser
Authors: Jang Hoyoung , Ueda Hiroki , Kim Hyeong‐Do , Kim Minseok , Shin Kwang Woo , Kim Kee Hoon , Park Sang‐Youn , Shin Hee Jun , Borisov Pavel , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , Jang Dogeun , Choi Hyeongi , Eom Intae , Staub Urs , Chun Sae Hwan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUltrafast optical manipulation of magnetic phenomena is an exciting achievement of mankind, expanding one's horizon of knowledge toward the functional nonequilibrium states. The dynamics acting on an extremely short timescale push the detection limits that reveal fascinating light–matter interactions for nonthermal creation of effective magnetic fields. While some cases are benchmarked by emergent transient behaviors, otherwise identifying the nonthermal effects remains challenging. Here, a femtosecond time‐resolved resonant magnetic X‐ray diffraction experiment is introduced, which uses an X‐ray free‐electron laser (XFEL) to distinguish between the effective field and the photoinduced thermal effect. It is observed that a multiferroic Y‐type hexaferrite exhibits magnetic Bragg peak intensity oscillations manifesting entangled antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) Fourier components of a coherent AFM magnon. The magnon trajectory constructed in 3D space and time domains is decisive to evince ultrafast field formation preceding the lattice thermalization. A remarkable impact of photoexcitation across the electronic bandgap is directly unraveled, amplifying the photomagnetic coupling that is one of the highest among AFM dielectrics. Leveraging the above‐bandgap photoexcitation, this energy‐efficient optical process further suggests a novel photomagnetic control of ferroelectricity in multiferroics.
Indirect Electrocatalysis S─N/S─S Bond Construction by Robust Polyoxometalate Based Foams
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Yifa , Chen Yulu , Shi Yanqi , Zhang Meiyu , Shen Guodong , Qi Pengfei , Li Jikun , Ma Delong , Yu Fei , Huang Xianqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIndirect electrocatalytic conversion of cheap organic raw materials via the activation of S─H and N─H bonds into the value‐added S─N/S─S bonds chemicals for industrial rubber production is a promising strategy to realize the atomic economic reaction, during which the kinetic inhibition that is associated with the electron transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface in traditional direct electrocatalysis can be eliminated to achieve higher performance. In this work, a series of di‐copper‐substituted phosphotungstatebased foams (PW10Cu2@CMC) are fabricated with tunable loadings (17 to 44 wt%), which can be successfully applied in indirect electrocatalytic syntheses of sulfenamides and disulfides. Specifically, the optimal PW10Cu2@CMC (44 wt%) exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the construction of S─N/S─S bonds (yields up to 99%) coupling with the efficient production of H2 (≈50 µmol g−1 h−1). Remarkably, it enables the scale‐up production (≈14.4 g in a batch experiment) and the obtained products can serve as rubber vulcanization accelerators with superior properties to traditional industrial rubber additives in real industrial processes. This powerful catalysis system that can simultaneously produce rubber vulcanization accelerator and H2 may inaugurate a new electrocatalytic avenue to explore polyoxometalate‐based foam catalysts in electrocatalysis field.
Slicing of 4H‐SiC Wafers Combining Ultrafast Laser Irradiation and Bandgap‐Selective Photo‐Electrochemical Exfoliation
Authors: Geng Wenhao , Shao Qinqin , Pei Yan , Xu Lingbo , Cui Can , Pi Xiaodong , Yang Deren , Wang Rong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency and low‐loss processing is the mainstay to reduce the cost and deepen the application of 4H silicon carbide (4H‐SiC) wafers in high‐power and high‐frequency electronics. In this study, the high‐yield slicing of 4H‐SiC wafers is realized by combining femtosecond laser irradiation and bandgap‐selective photo‐electrochemical (PEC) exfoliation. By combining light‐absorption measurements, micro‐Raman, and micro‐photoluminescence characterizations, it is found that the damage layer formed inside 4H‐SiC after femtosecond‐laser irradiation consists of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon. This indicates that the femtosecond‐laser irradiation leads to phase separation in 4H‐SiC. The bandgap of the damage layer is 0.4 eV. Taking advantage of the different bandgap energies of the damage layer and the perfect 4H‐SiC region, the damage layer is removed from the perfect region of 4H‐SiC by using bandgap‐selective PEC etching. During the PEC etching, light‐generated holes can selectively oxidize and corrode the damaged layer with the assistance of the HF solution, and leave the upper and lower perfect 4H‐SiC layers being intact. The current work contributes to the development of the high‐yield and high‐throughput femtosecond laser slicing of 4H‐SiC wafers.
Demonstration of Synaptic Characteristics in VRRAM with TiN Nanocrystals for Neuromorphic System
Authors: Yang Seyeong , Kim Taegyun , Kim Sunghun , Kim Sungjoon , Kim Tae‐Hyeon , Ismail Muhammad , Mahata Chandreswar , Kim Sungjun , Cho Seongjae 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo efficiently develop an extremely intensive storage memory, the resistive random‐access memory (RRAM), which operates by producing and rupturing conductive filaments, is essential. However, due to the stochastic nature of filament production, this filamentary type resistive switching has an inherent limitation, which entails the unpredictability of the driving voltage and resistance states. Several strategies such as doping, research into multilayer stacks, and interface engineering, are suggested to tackle this challenge. This work fabricates a CMOS‐compatible TiN/HfOx/TiN‐NCs (nanocrystals)/HfOx/TiN RRAM to implement analog resistive switching and advance the development of the synaptic device. Specifically, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are utilized to observe the formation of TiN nanocrystals, which play a crucial role in the enhancement of resistive switching. By comparing HfOx–based RRAM devices with and without NCs, the DC I–V curves, retention, endurance, and switching speed are properly examined. Interestingly, it is found that the TiN/HfOx/TiN‐NCs/HfOx/TiN device is more appropriately utilized as an artificial synapse in neuromorphic systems mainly due to its stable and reliable resistive switching properties. Finally, this work demonstrates well‐controlled resistive switching 3D vertical RRAM with TiN‐NCs, which is particularly suitable for high‐density memory.
Humidity‐Responsive Actuator with Viewable and Programmable Deformation Enabled by Tannic Acid as Physical Cross‐linker
Authors: Guo Junbo , Zhang Hao , Cui Tiantian , Li Jiawei , Li Min‐Hui , Hu Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProgrammable humidity‐driven actuators can autonomously transform into predefined forms in reaction to environmental stimuli, which are appealing for the creation of intelligent devices. Herein, this study reports a viewable in situ programmed humidity‐driven monolayer actuator consisting of hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and tannic acid (TA). Benefiting from the multiple hydrogen bonding of TA with PVA and PAAm, TA acts as a physical cross‐linker to precisely control the modulus distribution of the monolayer film when introducing patterns by TA in the polymer film. Moreover, the physical anchoring effect of TA to PVA and PAAm makes TA molecules highly fluorescent in solid state. The resulting PVA/PAAm/TA film simultaneously exhibits high optical transparency (>80%), good mechanical property (tensile stress at break of 75.0 MPa, Young’s modulus of 7.1 GPa), bright cyan fluorescence, and reversible fast humidity‐response (0.04 s) under the relative humidity difference (ΔRH) of 55%. After in‐plane patterning, the film actuator can bend toward controllable directions in response to humidity gradient, and its programmed mode can be viewed by the fluorescence under UV light. This viewable and programmable approach will substantially aid the design of humidity‐driven actuators for applications in the fields of biomimicry, artificial muscles, and intelligent switches.
Optimizing Intermediate Adsorption via Heteroatom Ensemble Effect over RuFe Bimetallic Alloy for Enhanced Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhao Xinying , Jiang Yuzhuo , Wang Mengfan , Liu Sisi , Wang Zhichao , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a promising approach for nitrate removal and NH3 synthesis at ambient conditions. As a complex eight‐electron/nine‐proton transfer process, its performance relies heavily on the adsorption ability of reaction intermediates on the catalyst surface, which is determined by the geometric and electronic configurations of active sites. In this work, a heteroatom ensemble effect is deliberately triggered over RuFe bimetallic alloy to optimize intermediate adsorption for NO3RR. A record‐high NH3 yield rate of 118.8 mg h−1 mg−1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 92.2% are achieved at −1.4 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, ranking at the top of the state‐of‐the‐art. Experimental and computational results reveal that the geometric and electronic characteristics of the induced heteroatom ensemble effect play crucial roles. Both Ru and Fe display a continuous state throughout the Fermi level, suggesting high electron density benefits the whole NO3RR. As a result, facilitated adsorption of NO3−, efficient stabilization of key intermediates, as well as the timely desorption of NH3 are simultaneously achieved, thus significantly promoting the direct reduction of NO3− to NH3.
N‐Methylation of Twenty Different α‐Amino Acid Motifs Using Methanol under Metal‐Loaded Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis
Authors: Hashiba Yuki , Mori Shogo , Huang Ivven , Morioka Yuna , Naka Hiroshi , Saito Susumu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEfficient N‐methylation is highly required for the synthesis of N‐methylated α‐amino acids and peptides, both of which are essential motifs in biochemical applications. Herein, we report a photocatalytic system using metal‐loaded titanium dioxide in methanol under near‐UV light irradiation for N‐methylation of α‐amino acid or its derivatives at ambient temperature without wasteful stoichiometric reagents. The present method enables the N‐methylation of twenty kinds of α‐amino acid motifs found in proteins in the human body, whether polar/non‐polar or acidic/basic functional groups are embedded in the substrates. Dipeptides also undergo the N‐methylation at the N‐terminal while the peptide bond and carboxylic acid remain intact. Most of the N‐methylated products can be isolated through simple filtration and concentration without tedious purification processes such as an aqueous workup and column chromatography.
Real‐Time pH‐Dependent Self‐Assembly of Ionisable Lipids from COVID‐19 Vaccines and In Situ Nucleic Acid Complexation
Authors: Yu Haitao , Angelova Angelina , Angelov Borislav , Dyett Brendan , Matthews Lauren , Zhang Yiran , El Mohamad Mohamad , Cai Xudong , Valimehr Sepideh , Drummond Calum J. , Zhai Jiali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIonisable amino‐lipid is a key component in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which plays a crucial role in the encapsulation of RNA molecules, allowing efficient cellular uptake and then releasing RNA from acidic endosomes. Herein, we present direct evidence for the remarkable structural transitions, with decreasing membrane curvature, including from inverse micellar, to inverse hexagonal, to two distinct inverse bicontinuous cubic, and finally to a lamellar phase for the two mainstream COVID‐19 vaccine ionisable ALC‐0315 and SM‐102 lipids, occurring upon gradual acidification as encountered in endosomes. The millisecond kinetic growth of the inverse cubic and hexagonal structures and the evolution of the ordered structural formation upon ionisable lipid‐RNA/DNA complexation are quantitatively revealed by in situ synchrotron radiation time‐resolved small angle X‐ray scattering coupled with rapid flow mixing. We found that the final self‐assembled structural identity, and the formation kinetics, were controlled by the ionisable lipid molecular structure, acidic bulk environment, lipid compositions, and nucleic acid molecular structure/size. The implicated link between the inverse membrane curvature of LNP and LNP endosomal escape helps future optimisation of ionisable lipids and LNP engineering for RNA and gene delivery.
Photoluminescence Anisotropy in Eutectic Crystals of Polynuclear Lanthanide Complexes and Silver Clusters
Authors: Wang Fei‐Fan , Zhang Yuchen , Zhao Teng , Feng Peng‐Fei , Lu Zhenda , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnisotropy is an intrinsic property of crystalline materials. However, the photoluminescence anisotropy in eutectic crystals of organometallic complexes has remained unexplored. Herein, the eutectic of polynuclear lanthanide complexes and Ag clusters was prepared, and the crystal shows significant photoluminescence anisotropy. The polarization anisotropy of emission δ and degree of excitation polarization P are 2.62 and 0.53, respectively. The rare excitation polarization properties have been proved to be related to the regular arrangement of electric transition dipole moments of luminescent molecules in the crystal. Our design provides a reference for developing new photoluminescence anisotropy materials and expanding their applications.
Optimization of mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid styrene‐butadiene rubber/nanoclay/graphite nanocomposites
Authors: Mojaddami Ameneh , Paydayesh Azin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, solid styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) compound nanocomposites containing hybrid nanoclay–graphite nanofillers with different weight fractions were fabricated through a two‐roll mill process, and surface response methodology (SRM) using Minitab software was employed for designing experiments and developing good relationships between independent factors and responses. The impact of nanoclay, graphite, and their hybrids on the mechanical, aging, and thermal properties of filled SBR was studied. Compared with neat SBR, the SBR containing 10 phr nanoclay and 15 phr graphite (SBR/10/15) showed the highest tensile strength and tensile modulus with 55 and 47% rise, respectively. Also, A maximum increase in hardness was observed for SBR/5/30 by 42%, and it was revealed that nanofillers reduced the elongation at break. Additionally, despite reducing the mechanical properties of neat SBR, hybrid nanocomposites maintained their properties during aging so that the SBR/10/15 presented maximum aging resistance. The SBR/10/15 presented maximum aging resistance as it significantly retained its mechanical properties during the test. Moreover, thermal stability was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofillers improved the thermal stability of SBR.
Plasma‐enhanced immobilization of cerium oxide nanoparticles on a fluorocarbon‐based nanofibrous membranes
Authors: Kormunda Martin , Ryšánek Petr , Homola Tomáš , Henych Jiří , Tolasz Jakub , Hoskovec Jakub , Čapková Pavla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFluorocarbon‐based (CF) nanofibrous membrane has been prepared by electrospinning of a source polyvinylidene fluoride and its surface was modified by CeOx nanoparticles by immersion in a water colloidal solution with CeOx nanoparticles (CeOx NPs). Two ways of the deposition of CeOx nanoparticles on the CF nanofiber membrane were used: (1) deposition of CeOx NPs on the pristine electrospun membrane and (2) the immediate deposition CeOx NPs on the plasma treated electrospun membrane. We investigated the effect of plasma treatment on the amount of CeOx NPs deposited on CF nanofiber surfaces and on the Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio in CeOx NPs deposited on CF. The amount of CeOx on nanofiber surfaces was determined by XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and SEM analysis. Results showed a significant increase of CeOx NPs amount on the plasma treated CF membrane, accompanied by slight decrease of Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio in CeOx NPs adherent on plasma treated CF surface in comparison with pristine CF surface. Detailed analysis of XPS spectra – C1s, O1s, and Ce3d indicated a possibility of the chemical bonding of CeOx NPs on the plasma treated CF surface.
Polycaprolactone—Eugenol systems: Interactions, retention and diffusion of the bioactive compound
Authors: Xie Sian , Martinez Lopez Brais , Chalier Pascale , Saulnier Benjamin , Reddy Narendra , Grohens Yves , Touchaleaume François 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe retention ability of polycaprolactone (PCL) films and their potential use for applications that require controlled release, were evaluated using eugenol, an aroma compound as a model active substance. The PCL‐eugenol samples were prepared by means of a low‐temperature extrusion process that resulted in minimum losses of eugenol and a final proportion close to nominal content. The release kinetics of eugenol were monitored for different conditions of temperature and relative humidity, both by an usual gas chromatography analysis but also by spectroscopy method that revealed sufficient. The release kinetics were compared to the numerical results obtained by the resolution of Fickian and a power‐law models. Results showed that the temperature had an influence on the release rate, and that the release kinetics were mostly Fickian. Moreover, the determination of the Arrhenius parameters will allow the use of the Fickian model to dimension PCL samples for other applications requiring controlled release.
Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) prey fish diversity based on environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Zhou Chunhua , Wang Rongrong , Wang Sheng , Guo Ting , Lei Yao , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Knowledge of the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered Neophocaena asiaorientalis (Yangtze finless porpoise, YFP) is vital for the management and protection of this species. However, stringent protections implemented in 2020 dictate that only non‐invasive methods may be used to gain information.
Therefore, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was used to obtain YFP prey diversity and community structures from different environmental samples collected from YFP habitat in April 2021. Sampling strategies for using eDNA to monitor the YFP were explored.
Of the 63 fish species detected, more species were detected in samples from surface water than in samples from deeper water and sediment, but the diversity and community structures of fish in the samples from surface water, deeper water, and sediment did not significantly differ.
The number of YFP sequences in the main lake area of Poyang Lake was significantly higher than that in other sampling areas. The YFP sequence number, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number, and OTU occurrence frequency in surface water samples were higher than those in deeper water samples.
Eighteen previously verified species of YFP prey fishes were detected, with more species detected in water samples than in sediment samples. The sequence numbers of the YFP and their prey fishes Ctenopharyngodon idella, Pseudolaubuca engraulis, and Tachysurus argentivittatus were significantly positively correlated, indicating that YFP preferentially selected these three species.
Surface water samples yielded good results for the convenient and non‐invasive eDNA metabarcoding method of monitoring the feeding habits of this flagship species and for identifying early signals of YFP responses to changes in prey fish communities.
The creation of critical conservation areas, eDNA monitoring standards, and emergency rescue plans are vital for YFP conservation.
Trends and sex‐specific incidence of upper urinary tract cancer in Taiwan: A birth cohort study
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsuan , Hsu Wan‐Lun , Lee Yu‐Kwang , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Yang Ya‐Wen , You San‐Lin , Chen Yong‐Chen , Lai Tai‐Shuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTaiwan has one of the highest incidences of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) worldwide, especially in women; however, no nationwide, long‐term follow‐up study has evaluated this.MethodsWe investigated the incidence of UTUC in Taiwan using data from the national population‐based Taiwan Cancer Registry database (1985–2019). We divided the birth cohort into nine 5‐year age groups and calculated the age‐specific incidence for these groups according to the corresponding birth years.ResultsThe average annual percent change in the incidence of renal pelvis cancer from 1985 to 2019 showed sex‐specific differences, with 3.5% and 5.3% increases in the incidences in men and women, respectively. The age‐specific incidence rate for renal pelvis cancer among women showed a gradual increase in the group with older women as well as an increase over time in each age group. The results of a birth cohort analysis revealed that younger cohorts had higher incidence rates of renal pelvis cancer than older cohorts did.ConclusionWe demonstrated that the incidence of UTUC is unusually high among older Taiwanese women and that younger cohorts have a high risk of UTUC than older cohorts.
Port‐site hernia: A potentially severe complication of minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Matsuzaki Shinya , Maeda Michihide , Hisa Tsuyoshi , Kamiura Shoji 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageRecently, the number of minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) is increasing; however, a specific postoperative complication of MIS such as port‐site hernia needs to be recognized. A persistent postoperative ileus after MIS is rare and such symptoms need to be recognized as a probable sign of a port‐site hernia.AbstractRecently, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches for early endometrial cancer have shown non‐inferior oncologic outcomes with better perioperative morbidity than open approaches. Nevertheless, port‐site hernias are a rare but specific surgical complication of MIS. Knowing the clinical presentation, surgery for port‐site hernias could help clinicians manage this condition.
One‐pot Upcycling of Waste Plastics for Selective Hydrogen Production at Low‐Temperature
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Awasthi Mahendra K. , Sheet Nirupama , Kharde Tushar A. , Singh Sanjay K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTowards global efforts for efficient and sustainable ways to utilize polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐based plastic waste, herein we report an integrated process for the complete one‐pot transformation of PET‐based plastic waste for hydrogen gas production in an alkaline aqueous condition over a heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst at low temperature (110‐160 °C). We could achieve complete selectivity with a high yield of H2 gas (∼38,000 mL H2/gPET/gRu) without any traces of CO and CO2 contaminations. Complete depolymerization of different types of PET‐based plastic waste was also achieved with high carbon yield (∼98 %) for disodium terephthalate (Na2TPA, 5.2 mmol/gPET) and sodium formate (SF, 9.6 mmol/gPET), along with H2 gas. Moreover, the developed process is scalable to bulk‐level production of hydrogen gas from PET‐based plastic waste, highlighting the potential application of the developed process.