bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal rates, risk factors, and costs of superficial and deep incisional surgical-site infection (SSI) after primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: A US retrospective claims database analysis
Authors: Edmiston Charles E. , Spencer Maureen , Gunja Najmuddin J. , Holy Chantal E. , Ruppenkamp Jill W. , Leaper David J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:We evaluated longitudinal rates, risk factors, and costs of superficial and deep incisional surgical-site infection (SSI) 6 months after primary total knee arthroplasty (pTKA) and revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA).Methods:Patients were identified from January 1, 2016 through March 31, 2018, in the IBM MarketScan administrative claims databases. Kaplan-Meier survival curves evaluated time to SSI over 6 months. Cox proportional hazard models evaluated SSI risk factors. Generalized linear models estimated SSI costs up to 12 months.Results:Of the 26,097 pTKA patients analyzed (mean age, 61.6 years; SD, 9.2; 61.4% female; 60.4% commercial insurance), 0.65% (95% CI, 0.56%–0.75%) presented with a deep incisional SSI and 0.82% (95% CI, 0.71%–0.93%) with a superficial incisional SSI. Also, 3,663 patients who had rTKA (mean age, 60.9 years; SD, 10.1; 60.6% female; 53.0% commercial insurance), 10.44% (95% CI, 9.36%–11.51%) presented with a deep incisional SSI and 2.60% (95% CI, 2.07%–3.13%) presented with a superficial incisional SSI. Infections were associated with male sex and multiple patient comorbidities including chronic pulmonary disease, pulmonary circulatory disorders, fluid and electrolyte disorders, malnutrition, drug abuse, and depression. Adjusted average all-cause incremental commercial cost ranged from $14,298 to $29,176 and from $41,381 to 59,491 for superficial and deep incisional SSI, respectively.Conclusions:SSI occurred most frequently following rTKA and among patients with pulmonary comorbidities and depression. The incremental costs associated with SSI following TKA were substantial.
Evidence for Landscape Transformation of Ridgetop Forests in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Balée William , Swanson Tod , Zurita-Benavides María Gabriela , Ruiz Macedo Juan C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Napo River basin, which is situated within the Upper Amazon archaeological region, is one of the most speciose forests in Greater Amazonia. Standard thinking in scholarship and science holds that these forests are essentially pristine because any Indigenous impacts in the past would have been minimal, seedbanks would have been nearby, and natural forests would have reappeared after the humans left, died out, or dispersed. Inventory research in 2019 on three ridgetop forests in Waorani territory inside the Curaray basin (which drains to the right margin of the Napo River) and a comparable inventory on one control site forest along the Nushiño River (also in the Curaray basin) show human impacts from about the late nineteenth century to about 1960; they occurred during the period of wartime among Waorani themselves and between Wao people and outsiders. The human impacts resulted in the high basal-area presence of two long-lived species with important Waorani cultural uses: cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and ungurahua palm (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.). These species have high frequency and dominance values and do not occur in the control site, which is comparable in terms of elevation above the flood zone of the rivers in the sample. These findings mean that alpha diversity in the right margin sector (or south) of the Napo River basin cannot a priori be explained by reference to traditionally, biologically accepted patterns of ecological succession but may require knowledge of historical patterns of Indigenous land use and secondary landscape transformation over time due to human (specifically Waorani) impacts of the past.
Teratological records in blue shark Prionace glauca embryos from the South-western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Cabanillas-Torpoco Mariano , Abbatepaulo Felippe , Rodrigues Lucas , Marquez Raquel , Oddone Maria Cristina , Cardoso Luís Gustavo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Abnormal embryonic development may result from mutations caused by genetics, environmental conditions or viruses. This study reports cases of cyclopia and a mouth malformation in two embryonic blue shark Prionace glauca collected off southern Brazil (South-western Atlantic). Such malformations are likely to reduce the chances of survival of embryos and neonates.
First successful nest for the Vulnerable American crocodileCrocodylus acutuspopulation on the west coast of Florida, USA
Authors: Bertone Steve , Godahewa Avishka , Balaguera-Reina Sergio A. , Briggs-Gonzalez Venetia , Mazzotti Frank J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe American crocodileCrocodylus acutusoccurs across the Americas, with its northernmost distribution being in South Florida, USA. This species has undergone severe declines across its range and is categorized globally as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and as Threatened on the U.S. Federal Endangered Species List. Long-term monitoring studies in the USA have documented a shift in American crocodile nesting activity and an expansion of its range throughout the southern and eastern coasts of South Florida. However, no successful American crocodile nests have been recorded until now on the west coast of South Florida. Here we document the American crocodile nest monitoring conducted during 1997–2021 at Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the first successful nest from the west coast of South Florida forC. acutus. Marco Airport and McIlvane Marsh are the two main American crocodile nesting areas identified at the Reserve, with 92 nests and 3,586 eggs recorded during 1997–2021. We found most nests at Marco Airport (95.7%) and only four nests (4.3%) at McIlvane Marsh. To date, none of the nests found at Marco Airport have produced successful hatchlings. In contrast, hatchlings have been produced at McIlvane Marsh since nests were first documented there in 2020. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of the future conservation of the species.
Global interest in the Arctic region: Naval operations impacting scientific-commercial activities
Authors: Uryupova Ekaterina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Arctic region is rapidly changing as a result of climate alteration, political tensions and ambitions of the Arctic and non-Arctic states. Is the existing governance considered to be adequate for effective international security cooperation in the region? On the one hand, we look optimistic at the evolution of international relations in the areas of science and technology, conservation, search and rescue coordination, tourism, etc. On the other hand, there is a significantly increased militarisation of the Arctic region. The recent rise in military activities in the North has resulted in numerous regional deployments, patrols and other incidents in the maritime Arctic. In general, militarisation together with climate change are impacting scientific-commercial activities. Also, the absence of an adequate legal regime that may respond to climate change and interruption of civil activities by military exercises in a fast and effective way hampers international cooperation. This paper problematises various aspects of interaction between scientific-commercial activities and naval operations in the Arctic region.
Neuropsychological markers of antidepressant action: a secondary analysis of the ANTLER randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rodriguez-Sanchez Julia , Lewis Gemma , Solmi Francesca , Bone Jessica K. , Moore Michael , Wiles Nicola , Harmer Catherine J. , Duffy Larisa , Lewis Glyn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntidepressants have been proposed to act via their influence on emotional processing. We investigated the effect of discontinuing maintenance antidepressant treatment on positive and negative self-referential recall and the association between self-referential recall and risk of relapse.MethodsThe ANTLER trial was a large (N = 478) pragmatic double-blind trial investigating the clinical effectiveness of long-term antidepressant treatment for preventing relapse in primary care patients. Participants were randomised to continue their maintenance antidepressants or discontinue via a taper to placebo. We analysed memory for positive and negative personality descriptors, assessed at baseline, 12- and 52-week follow-up.ResultsThe recall task was completed by 437 participants. There was no evidence of an effect of discontinuation on self-referential recall at 12 [positive recall ratio 1.00, 95% CI (0.90–1.11), p = 0.93; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.87–1.14), p = 0.87] or 52 weeks [positive recall ratio 1.03 (0.91–1.17), p = 0.62; negative recall ratio 1.00 (0.86–1.15), p = 0.96; ratios larger than one indicate higher recall in the discontinuation group], and no evidence of an association between recall at baseline or 12 weeks and later relapse [baseline, positive hazard ratio (HR) 1.02 (0.93–1.12), p = 0.74; negative HR 1.01 (0.90–1.13), p = 0.87; 12 weeks, positive HR 0.99 (0.89–1.09), p = 0.81; negative HR 0.98 (0.84–1.14), p = 0.78; ratios larger than one indicate a higher frequency of relapse in those with higher recall].ConclusionsWe found no evidence that discontinuing long-term antidepressants altered self-referential recall or that self-referential recall was associated with risk of relapse. These findings suggest that self-referential recall is not a neuropsychological marker of antidepressant action.
The role of internal constraints and stylistic congruence on a variant's social impact
Authors: Vaughn Charlotte 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn natural conversation, multiple factors likely impact the social force of a sociolinguistic variant, yet researchers have tended to examine individual factors in isolation. This paper considers two underexamined factors together—the role of a variable's internal constraints and the role of stylistically congruent surrounding speech—to understand their combined influence on how a single variable's realization is socially interpreted. Focusing on English variable (ING), two accent rating experiments used stimuli varying the grammatical category of (ING) words and varying the stylistic congruence (natural sentences versus spliced stimuli) between (ING) realization and sentence frames. Results indicate that listeners showed sensitivity to (ING)'s internal constraints but only when the congruence between (ING)'s realization and other cues was not disrupted by using spliced stimuli. These findings suggest that internal constraints and stylistic congruence play a role in social signaling, and have methodological implications for the use of splicing.
Assessing the potential disturbance effects on the use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) for European vultures research: a review and conservation recommendations
Authors: Zink Richard , Kmetova-Biro Elena , Agnezy Stefan , Klisurov Ivaylo , Margalida Antoni 
Published: February 2023

SummaryVultures are among the most threatened bird guilds on the planet and have a unique functional role within ecosystems. They are therefore subject to increasing research interest, calling for standardised study approaches and monitoring methods. The use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) is rapidly gaining popularity in ecological research due to technological advances, affordability, and accessibility. This study reviews the existing peer-reviewed publications and grey literature on the responses of European vultures and other comparable species to UASs, and summarises the types of UAS use, their potential disturbance effects on vultures, and the resulting inter- and intra-specific interactions. Our goal was to assess the potential effects of UASs and to provide practical recommendations to optimise their safe use in vulture conservation and research. We acknowledge the potential of UASs to increase research efficiency and reduce research effort, time, and financial cost. Owing to the absence of sufficient data on long-term disturbance effects, we advocate the precautionary principle and offer a set of species-tailored practical recommendations to limit the potential negative effects of UASs and maximise their value in conservation management. We urge that the physiological and long-term impacts on vulture reproduction are considered and call for standardised monitoring protocols and controls on UAS use. Our conclusions and recommendations are particularly aimed at researchers working on vulture conservation and restoration projects worldwide.
‘Stockhausenesque’: South African Musical Vanguardism during the ‘Durban Moment’
Authors: FRONEMAN WILLEMIEN 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article weaves a story around the scant evidence that survives of the first university-based electroacoustic studio in Africa and the musical experimentalism that developed alongside it at the fledgling music department of what was then the University of Natal. The time is the early 1970s, the setting the eastern seaboard city of Durban, the local political context the ‘Durban moment’ of growing political unrest infused by Steve Biko's Black Consciousness movement and the radical politics of Richard (Rick) Turner, the red herring an ARP-2500 modular synthesizer, and the key figures the German-born experimental composer Ulrich Süsse and South Africa's foremost musicologist at the time Christopher Ballantine. By tracing the genealogy of Ballantine's ideas in post-1968 British counterculture and in musical collaborations with the physics department at the University of Natal – and by juxtaposing and contrasting the Durban New Music Group's activities with Turner's contemporaneous and often seething critique of white liberalism – the article offers perspectives on the globalization of the avant-garde, the expression of musical vanguardism in the problematic and contradictory spaces of twentieth-century white liberal South Africa, and the dialectics between the ‘experimental’ and the ‘avant-garde’ that informed alternative institution-building at what was to become the first department in South Africa to include African music, jazz, and popular music in their curricula in the early 1980s.
A continuous frequency tuning Fabry–Perot Cavity antenna with stable radiation performance
Authors: Ji Lu-Yang , Fu Shuai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a continuous frequency tuning Fabry–Perot Cavity (FPC) antenna of which the operating frequency can be varied from 4.87 to 5.84 GHz (18.1%). The cavity of the proposed antenna is excited by a double-layer antenna structure, which is made up of a main square patch and a parasitic one. The superstrate is a frequency-selective surface, consisting of 6 × 6 square-patch-type unit cells. The frequency tuning property is realized by employing 48 phase-changing elements placed around the main patch, which forms a reconfigurable high impedance surface (HIS). By controlling the biasing voltages of the varactors inserted in the HIS element, its capacitances and reflection phases can be varied continuously, which leads to a variation of the operating frequency. An antenna prototype has been fabricated and measured for validation. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. In the frequency tuning range, the measured realized gains have a smaller variation from 10.2 to 14.1 dBi compared with other reported frequency tuning FPC antennas.
Coastal N2 Fixation Rates Coincide Spatially With Nitrogen Loss in the Humboldt Upwelling System off Peru
Authors: Kittu Leila R. , Paul Allanah J. , Fernández‐Méndez Mar , Hopwood Mark J. , Riebesell Ulf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMarine nitrogen (N2) fixation supports significant primary productivity in the global ocean. However, in one of the most productive regions of the world ocean, the northern Humboldt Upwelling System (HUS), the magnitude and spatial distribution of this process remain poorly characterized. This study presents a spatially resolved data set of N2 fixation rates across six coastal transects of the northern HUS off Peru (8°S–16°S) during austral summer. N2 fixation rates were detected throughout the waters column including within the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) between 12°S and 16°S. N2 fixation rates were highest where the subsurface OMZ (O2 < 20 μmol L−1) was most intense and estimated nitrogen (N) loss was highest. There, rates were measured throughout the water column. Hence, the vertical and spatial distribution of rates indicates a colocation of N2 fixation with N loss in the coastal productive waters of the northern HUS. Despite high phosphate and total dissolvable iron (TdFe) concentrations throughout the study area, N2 fixation was still generally low (1.19 ± 3.81 nmol L−1 d−1) and its distribution could not be directly explained by these two factors. Our results suggest that the distribution was likely influenced by a complex interplay of environmental factors including phytoplankton biomass and organic matter availability, and potentially iron, or other trace metal (co)‐limitation of both N2 fixation and primary production. In general, our results support previous conclusions that N2 fixation in the northern HUS plays a minor role as a source of new N and to replenish the regional N loss.
An Assessment of Vertical Carbon Flux Parameterizations Using Backscatter Data From BGC Argo
Authors: Wang Bin , Fennel Katja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModel parameterizations of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux are critical for simulating the strength and future evolution of the biological carbon pump (BCP) but remain poorly constrained because direct observations are sparse. Here, we ask whether the Biogeochemical (BGC)‐Argo proxy observations of POC can help distinguish between these parameterizations by objectively comparing two common parameterizations, which reproduce the observed slowdown of flux attenuation with depth by either decreasing the remineralization rate or increasing the sinking velocity. Both can well reproduce the BGC‐Argo observations in top 1,000 m but predict different POC concentration below, making them possible to be distinguished if BGC‐Argo observations were available there. Therefore, an integration of backscatter sensors into the Deep Argo program is recommended to provide full depth proxy measurements. If the parameterization is known, POC flux can be determined from POC concentration. Thus, the BGC‐Argo proxy observations of POC concentration provide new insights into the BCP.
Mid‐Latitude Mesospheric Responses of the Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020 Observed by the Wuhan MST Radar
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Gang , Zhang Shaodong , Zhang Weifan , He Zhiqiu , Huang Kaiming , Huang Chunming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn annular solar eclipse shifted across the earth from the middle of Africa to the Pacific on 21 June 2020. The Wuhan Mesosphere‐Stratosphere‐Troposphere (MST) radar was located on the eclipse path to provide us a rare opportunity to investigate the atmospheric responses to the rapid variation of solar radiations. The east, north, and vertical beams of the Wuhan MST radar were applied to record the echoes from mesosphere with 10 min sampling period. A Digisonde located near the MST radar was also used to investigate the variations of ionospheric Es layer during the solar eclipse. The mesosphere region between 70 and 80 km heights presented obvious responses to the eclipse. The echoes disappeared at around the eclipse maximum, indicating the dominant role of the solar radiation. The descending and ascending echo structures were recorded in the first and recovery phases of the eclipse, respectively. The Digisonde also found the evidence of the eclipse induced gravity waves in the Es layer that just above the mesosphere. The lunar shadow produced southward winds on the northside of the eclipse path is considered to induce the descending echo structure. The upward propagating gravity waves generated during the eclipse may be responsible for the ascending echo structure.
Exploring the Lunar Regolith's Thickness and Dielectric Properties Using Band‐Limited Impedance at Chang’E‐4 Landing Site
Authors: Feng Yongjiu , Chen Shurui , Tong Xiaohua , Wang Chao , Li Pengshuo , Xi Mengrong , Xiao Changjiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Yutu‐2 rover onboard China's Chang’E‐4 was the first to land in the Von Kármán crater on the lunar farside, where structural and dielectric properties may provide previously unknown clues to lunar formation and evolution. Based on the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR) with 500 MHz onboard the Yutu‐2 rover, we proposed a band‐limited impedance (BLIMP) inversion method to generate continuous dielectric 2‐D profiles with the help of dielectric constants retrieved from point reflectors (e.g., buried rocks), which provide low‐frequency information that may be lost or distorted in the LPR data pre‐processing. The dielectric constants retrieved from point reflectors were transformed from dielectric constant fitting curves, where these discrete dielectric constants were calculated using the hyperbolic fitting method. We estimated that the top fine‐grained regolith thickness along the rover path varies from ∼5.3 to ∼15.0 m in the first 27 lunar days of operation. The thickness variation could most likely be attributed to changes in ancient surface topography buried underground and ejecta from nearby craters. Compared to methods based on a singular dielectric constant, the estimated 2‐D dielectric profile in this study can reduce the uncertainties in lunar regolith thickness estimation, especially in the shallow layers. The BLIMP method and the estimated regolith thickness can improve our understanding of lunar subsurface structure and formation.
Phase Matching Method for Inversion of Venus Radio Occultation Signals
Authors: Bocanegra‐Bahamón T. M. , Ao C. O. , Wang K. N. , Vergados P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRadio occultation is a spacecraft remote sensing technique used to study planetary atmospheres. Among the available spacecraft remote sensing techniques, radio occultation offers the highest vertical resolution. In this paper, we present for the first time the implementation of the radio‐holographic method called phase matching (PM) for the analysis of planetary radio occultation signals. We show that by using this novel approach (originally developed within the Earth atmospheric research community) multi‐path interference can be detected and accounted for. Additionally, using the complex representation of the radio signal, PM achieves higher (sub‐Fresnel) vertical resolutions than the traditional approach used to date for the inversion planetary radio occultation signals. This is of particular importance for studying atmospheric processes that have short vertical scales and correctly characterizing refraction disturbances that induce various propagation features. Such a region is the base of the Venusian top cloud deck where thin instability layers have been detected.