bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The selfish preen: absence of allopreening in Palaeognathae and its socio-cognitive implications
Authors: Jensen Thomas Rejsenhus , Zeiträg Claudia , Osvath Mathias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPreening behaviours are widespread in extant birds. While most birds appear to autopreen (self-directed preening), allopreening (preening directed at conspecifics) seems to have emerged only in certain species, but across many families. Allopreening has been hypothesised to reinforce mutual relationships and cooperation between individuals, and to underpin various socio-cognitive abilities. Palaeognathae is a bird group exhibiting neurocognitively plesiomorphic traits compared to other birds. They share many features with non-avian paravian dinosaurs and are thus important for the study of cognitive evolution in birds. Despite this, and the important correlation of allopreening with many complicated social behaviours, allopreening has not been systematically studied in Palaeognathae. Therefore, we examined the preening behaviours in four species of palaeognaths: common ostriches (Struthio camelus), greater rheas (Rhea americana), emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae), and elegant crested tinamous (Eudromia elegans). We compared findings with common ravens (Corvus corax), a neognath species known for its allopreening and complex social cognition. We found autopreening, but no allopreening, in the palaeognath species, while both autopreening and allopreening was found in common ravens. The absence of allopreening in Palaeognathae suggests an emergence of this behaviour within Neognathae. We contextualise our results in relation to the socio-cognitive underpinnings of allopreening and its implications for the understanding of the evolution of socio-cognitive abilities in non-avian paravian dinosaurs and early birds.
Falsification of the instrumental variable conditions in Mendelian randomization studies in the UK Biobank
Authors: Guo Kelly , Diemer Elizabeth W. , Labrecque Jeremy A. , Swanson Sonja A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) is an increasingly popular approach to estimating causal effects. Although the assumptions underlying MR cannot be verified, they imply certain constraints, the instrumental inequalities, which can be used to falsify the MR conditions. However, the instrumental inequalities are rarely applied in MR. We aimed to explore whether the instrumental inequalities could detect violations of the MR conditions in case studies analyzing the effect of commonly studied exposures on coronary artery disease risk.Using 1077 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we applied the instrumental inequalities to MR models for the effects of vitamin D concentration, alcohol consumption, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol on coronary artery disease in the UK Biobank. For their relevant exposure, we applied the instrumental inequalities to MR models proposing each SNP as an instrument individually, and to MR models proposing unweighted allele scores as an instrument. We did not identify any violations of the MR assumptions when proposing each SNP as an instrument individually. When proposing allele scores as instruments, we detected violations of the MR assumptions for 5 of 6 exposures.Within our setting, this suggests the instrumental inequalities can be useful for identifying violations of the MR conditions when proposing multiple SNPs as instruments, but may be less useful in determining which SNPs are not instruments. This work demonstrates how incorporating the instrumental inequalities into MR analyses can help researchers to identify and mitigate potential bias.
Geochemical and isotopic tracers to define the aquifer’s vulnerability: the case study of the alluvial multi-aquifer system of the Friulian plain
Authors: Di Renzo Dino , Rizzo Antonietta , Telloli Chiara , Salvi Stefano , Marrocchino Elena , Nieto Yàbar Daniel , Vaccaro Carmela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region (north of Italy) is characterized by the presence of high-quality freshwater resources which benefit local citizens, animals, environmental habitats, and also agriculture and production activities. Waters from wells, canal, and wastewater selected in the Fiume Veneto area, through a detailed lithological modeling, were sampled and analyzed to characterize them from a geochemical point of view. The chemical and isotopic characterization made it possible to establish provenance, and the average age of water used, making available the estimation of the relationships between recharge capacity and water use in the Fiume Vento area. The focus of this study is to define the average age of the resources based on the time required for the recharge contributions to compensate the losses induced by exploitation. The results made it possible to support the plans for a water balance using the provenance and average age of water sources for the protection of water reserves formed by the multi-aquifer system of the high and medium Friuli plain. The methodology applied has followed the legislation of the water directive considering the overexploitation due to unauthorized withdrawals of the sampling area.
Three-Year Custody Outcomes Among Infants Investigated by Child Protection Systems for Prenatal Substance Exposure in California
Authors: Reddy Julia , Palmer Lindsey , Putnam-Hornstein Emily 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Infants affected by prenatal alcohol and drug use are more likely to be removed from parental custody than those in the general population, although it is unclear whether their custody outcomes differ from infants investigated by child protection systems (CPS) for other reasons. This analysis seeks to compare trajectories of involvement and custody outcomes among infants investigated by CPS with and without documentation of prenatal substance exposure (PSE).

Method
We used vital birth records linked to administrative CPS records to examine the timing of system involvement and 3-year custodial outcomes among investigated infants with and without identified PSE. We defined PSE according to documentation on the state’s standardized hotline screening form, which CPS completes upon referral for alleged maltreatment. We estimated the likelihood a child was in nonparental custody at age 3 by specifying multivariable generalized linear models, adjusted for covariates available in the birth record.

Results
In our sample of 22,855 infants investigated by CPS in 2017 in California, more than 26% had documentation of PSE. These infants experienced an accelerated timeline of system penetration and were 2.2 times as likely to be in nonparental placement at age 3.

Discussion
PSE confers an independent risk of custody interruption among infants investigated by CPS. The younger age of these infants, complexity of parental substance use, and potential misalignment of administrative permanency timelines with parental recovery all suggest the need for increased research, policy, and programmatic interventions to serve this vulnerable population.
circSKA3 promotes colorectal cancer metastases through miR-1238 and methylation
Authors: Mao Yonghuan , Miao Ji , Xi Ling , Tong Hanwen , Shen Xiaofei , Li Qiang , Yu Chunzhao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming one of the most common cancers overworld, which causes a high rate of death in patients. circRNAs are non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs), which have been reported to be involved in the development of many cancers, including CRC. However, the exact mechanism that how circRNAs function through in CRC remains unclear. In this study, we firstly used GEO database and bioinformatic methods to identify the significant changed circRNAs, with circSKA3 being the most significantly upregulated circRNAs in CRC tissues. PCR results further confirmed higher expression of circSKA3 in CRC patients. CCK-8, scratch, and transwell assays indicated that circSKA3 could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines for cell detection. Dual-luciferase assays were carried out to detect the downstream targets of circSKA3, and a binding site between circSKA3 and miR-1238 was identified and miR-1238 could also combine with YTHDF2. Overexpression of YTHDF2 rescued the decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion caused by miR-1238 overexpression. RIP assay further indicated that YTHDF2 could decrease the methylation of STAT5A. In summary, our study found that circSKA3 was upregulated in CRC tissues comparing with normal tissues. circSKA3 could increase the expression ofYTHDF2 through sponging miR-1238 to decrease the methylation of STAT5A, which could provide a novel target for CRC treatment.
Kinds of modalities and modeling practices
Authors: Koskinen Rami 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral recent accounts of modeling have focused on the modal dimension of scientific inquiry. More precisely, it has been suggested that there are specific models and modeling practices that are best understood as being geared towards possibilities, a view recently dubbed modal modeling. But modalities encompass much more than mere possibility claims. Besides possibilities, modal modeling can also be used to investigate contingencies, necessities or impossibilities. Although these modal concepts are logically connected to the notion of possibility, not all models are equal in their affordances for these richer modal inferences. This paper investigates the modal extent of selected models and argues that analyzing singular model-target pairings by themselves is typically not enough to explain their modal aptness or to identify the kinds of modalities they can be used to reason about. Furthermore, it is argued that some important concepts that are not explicitly modal - like biological robustness - can be understood modally through their relational nature to a background space of possibilities. In conclusion, it is suggested that the strategy of modal modeling is contrastive, situating particular possibilities in larger modal spaces and studying the structural relations within them.
Designing “Tiny Forests” as a lesson for transdisciplinary urban ecology learning
Authors: Egerer Monika , Suda Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sustainability and livability of urban areas call for the next generation of scientists, practitioners and policy makers to understand the benefits, implementation and management of urban greenspaces. We harnessed the concept of "Tiny Forests©" – a restoration strategy for small wooded areas (~100-400 m2) – to create a transdisciplinary and experiential project for university forestry students that follows an ecology-with-cities framework. We worked with 16 students and a local municipality in the Munich, Germany metropolitan region to survey a community about its needs and desires and then used this information alongside urban environmental features and data collected by students (e.g., about soil conditions) to design a Tiny Forest. In this article, we describe the teaching concept, learning outcomes and activities, methodological approach, and instructor preparation and materials needed to adapt this project. Designing Tiny Forests provides benefits to students by having them approach authentic tasks in urban greening while experiencing the challenges and benefits of transdisciplinary communication and engagement with community members.
Impact of Internal and External Factors on the Profitability and Financial Strength of Insurance Groups
Authors: Siopi Evaggelia , Poufinas Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of internal and external factors on the profitability and financial strength of insurance groups across the European Union, focusing on the effect of the European sovereign debt crisis and the Solvency II Directive, which has not been addressed by the literature. The findings reveal that the efficiency of accounts receivable management and the state of the economy have a significant positive impact, whereas the underwriting risk and size have a significant negative impact on profitability and financial strength. Furthermore, long-term interest rates exert a significant positive influence, whereas the purchase of reinsurance, size of the domestic market, market structure, and inflation exert a significant negative influence on profitability. The European sovereign debt crisis has a significant negative impact on profitability and a positive but insignificant impact on financial strength. Solvency II has no statistically significant impact either on profitability or on financial strength. This paper contributes to the literature through the identification of the impact of the European sovereign debt crisis and Solvency II, which has not been depicted so far, as well as the impact of a series of internal and external factors on profitability and, for the first time, on financial strength.
Cryoprotectants for Frozen Dough: A Review
Authors: Arias Alejandra Castillo , Bobadilla Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor , Domínguez Carlos Mario Zuluaga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDough is the first step to create baked goods that are known for their variety of presentations, textures, and flavors, divided into different groups such as bread, cakes, cookies, pizza, and puff pastries, among others. These products are mainly made from cereals or cereal-based flours. Particularly, starch and gluten from wheat help develop the characteristic textures of these products. Since the ingredients used to make these products are susceptible to damage during storage, alternatives such as freezing have been sought. However, storage at temperatures below the freezing point of water often affects the sensory quality of the final product, especially by minimizing the development of the texture after baking, resulting in a food with a limited volume because of the reduction of the number of viable yeast cells, or by the presence of overlapping layers which do not develop in the baking stage of the puff pastry because of fat syneresis. To mitigate the negative effects of low temperatures, the application of cryoprotectants has been investigated in the industry to improve the quality of frozen dough. In consequence, this review analyzes the relevant advances for the frozen storage of dough for baked products based on the use of additives such as cryoprotectants and the scientific evidence available to date to indicate the perspectives toward improving dough in aspects related to the development of sensory attributes, their technological feasibility, and shelf life.
Charakterisierung der Substratspezifität von Protein-Methyltransferasen
Authors: Schnee Philipp , Weirich Sara , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe regulation of cellular activities is a key hallmark in the development of complex life forms. Among other factors, it is facilitated by protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs), which modify proteins in a highly specific manner and regulate their biological activities. Here, we describe methods to decipher the PKMT-substrate specificity by biochemical experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. This led to the discovery of novel PKMT substrates and rational design of even better non-natural substrates, which represent a promising starting point for the design of novel PKMT inhibitors.
Meilensteine in der Algenbiotechnologie
Authors: Griehl Carola , Schmid Andreas , Wilhelm Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent progress in algal biotechnology has identified new products based on their broad evolutionary origin. Novel metabolites were found for pharmacy, food industry, medicine e.g. tumor suppression and antibiotics. However, sustainable and economical algal production for crude oil replacement is limited by extremely low space time yields in photobioreactors. The consequences are a high energy burden for mass flow dependent processes and the need of space being in conflict with sustainable landscape management. New concepts using algae not as biomass producers but as living catalysts may open new options.
Schneller, weiter, TurboID – Modulation einer übereifrigen Biotin-Ligase
Authors: Garloff Vera , Rubio Ignacio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein-protein interactions are key elements of intracellular signalling and metabolic pathways. These interactions can be revealed with the help of proximity ligation screens, prominently biotinylation screens. This approach has profited from the recent development of the highly active biotin ligase TurboID, which however also led to problems of toxicity related to its high basal activity. We have established a simple protocol to improve TurboID performance and enhance protein functionality.
Lignocellulose-Verwertung durch Pilze mit metabolischer Wärme erfassen
Authors: Maskow Thomas , Schlosser Dietmar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiocalorimetry can aid in the monitoring of solid-state fermentation (SSF) of lignocelluloses and enables to determine fungal growth rates and stages during growth on e. g. wheat straw. It further allows to determine species-specific fungal heat yield coefficients (YQ/X), which indicate the degree of resource investment into fungal biomass versus other functional attributes. YQ/X values seem suitable to link fungal potentials for biomass production to different fungal lignocellulose utilization strategies and may be considered as fungal life history traits.
Implementing a pedagogical cycle to support data modelling and statistical reasoning in years 1 and 2 through the Interdisciplinary Mathematics and Science (IMS) project
Authors: Mulligan Joanne , Tytler Russell , Prain Vaughan , Kirk Melinda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper illustrates how years 1 and 2 students were guided to engage in data modelling and statistical reasoning through interdisciplinary mathematics and science investigations drawn from an Australian 3-year longitudinal study: Interdisciplinary Mathematics and Science Learning (https://imslearning.org/). The project developed learning sequences for 12 inquiry-based investigations involving 35 teachers and cohorts of between 25 and 70 students across years 1 through 6. The research used a design-based methodology to develop, implement, and refine a 4-stage pedagogical cycle based on students’ problem posing, data generation, organisation, interpretation, and reasoning about data. Across the stages of the IMS cycle, students generated increasingly sophisticated representations of data and made decisions about whether these supported their explanations, claims about, and solutions to scientific problems. The teacher’s role in supporting students’ statistical reasoning was analysed across two learning sequences: Ecology in year 1 and Paper Helicopters in year 2 involving the same cohort of students. An explicit focus on data modelling and meta-representational practices enabled the year 1 students to form statistical ideas, such as distribution, sampling, and aggregation, and to construct a range of data representations. In year 2, students engaged in tasks that focused on ordering and aggregating data, measures of central tendency, inferential reasoning, and, in some cases, informal ideas of variability. The study explores how a representation-focused interdisciplinary pedagogy can support the development of data modelling and statistical thinking from an early age.
State Education and Historical Reappraisal: Changes to the Draft Version of the Aotearoa New Zealand’s Histories Curriculum Content
Authors: Burns Christopher 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEnglish-medium state schools in New Zealand have been directed to begin implementing the new Aotearoa New Zealand’s histories curriculum content from 2023. In response to the draft version of the curriculum document, Bell & Russell (Bell and Russell, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 57:21–35, 2022) highlighted the centrality of Māori histories and critical engagement with colonialism within the document and argued implementation could inaugurate “a new phase in narrating the nation” (p. 21). However, changes to the draft version have created more flexibility for teaching and learning to avoid the most challenging and transformative aspects of the curriculum content. This article employs Deleuze and Guattari’s (Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (B. Massumi Trans.). University of Minnesota Press.) concepts of the assemblage and deterritorialization to analyse the changes to the draft and explore the relationships between historical reappraisal and state education. These changes provide a locus to examine the workings of the state education assemblage and gain insights into where efforts can be directed to support transformative history education in Aotearoa.
STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 3
Authors: O’Mahony Denis , Cherubini Antonio , Guiteras Anna Renom , Denkinger Michael , Beuscart Jean-Baptiste , Onder Graziano , Gudmundsson Adalsteinn , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J. , Knol Wilma , Bahat Gülistan , van der Velde Nathalie , Petrovic Mirko , Curtin Denis 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
STOPP/START is a physiological systems-based explicit set of criteria that attempts to define the clinically important prescribing problems relating to potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs–STOPP criteria) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs–START criteria). The previous two versions of STOPP/START criteria were published in 2008 and 2015. The present study describes the revised and updated third version of the criteria.

Methods
A detailed system-by-system review of the published literature from April 2014 to March 2022 was undertaken with the aim of including clinically important new explicit PIM and PPO criteria and removing any criteria considered to be no longer correct or outdated. A panel of 11 academic physicians with recognized expertise in geriatric pharmacotherapy from 8 European countries participated in a Delphi panel with the task of validating the draft criteria. The panel was presented with the draft new criteria using the SurveyMonkey® on-line platform in which panelists were asked to indicate their level of agreement on a five-point Likert scale.

Results
Two hundred and four evidence-based draft criteria (one hundred and forty-five STOPP criteria, fifty-nine START criteria) were presented to panelists for assessment using the Delphi validation method. Over the course of four rounds of Delphi validation, the panel achieved consensus on 133 STOPP criteria and 57 START criteria, i.e., 190 STOPP/START criteria in total representing a 66.7% increase in the number of criteria compared to STOPP/START version 2 published in 2015.

Conclusion
A fully revised and updated version of STOPP/START criteria has been validated by a European expert panel using the Delphi consensus process.