bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disconnected 0-form and 2-group symmetries
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Gould Dewi S. W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Quantum field theories can have both continuous and finite 0-form symmetries. We study global symmetry structures that arise when both kinds of 0-form symmetries are present. The global structure associated to continuous 0-form symmetries is described by a connected Lie group, which captures the possible backgrounds of the continuous 0-form symmetries the theory can be coupled to. Finite 0-form symmetries can act as outer-automorphisms of this connected Lie group. Consequently, possible background couplings to both continuous and finite 0-form symmetries are described by a disconnected Lie group, and we call the resulting symmetry structure a disconnected 0-form symmetry. Additionally, finite 0-form symmetries may act on the 1-form symmetry group. The 1-form symmetries and continuous 0-form symmetries may combine to form a 2-group, which when combined with finite 0-form symmetries leads to another type of 2-group, that we call a disconnected 2-group and the resulting symmetry structure a disconnected 2-group symmetry. Examples of arbitrarily complex disconnected 0-form and 2-group symmetries in any spacetime dimension are furnished by gauge theories: with 1-form symmetries arising from the center of the gauge group, continuous 0-form symmetries arising as flavor symmetries acting on matter content, and finite 0-form symmetries arising from outer-automorphisms of gauge and flavor Lie algebras.
A new combinatorial characterization of (quasi)-Hermitian surfaces
Authors: Napolitano Vito 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a combinatorial characterization of a quasi-Hermitian surface as a set $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
of points of $$\textrm{PG}(3,q)$$

PG
(
3
,
q
)

, $$q=p^{2h}$$

q
=

p

2
h

$$h\ge 1$$

h
≥
1

, p a prime number and $$q\ne 4$$

q
≠
4

, having the same size as the Hermitian surface and containing no plane, such that either a line is contained in $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
or intersects $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
in at most $$\sqrt{q}+1$$

q

+
1

points and every plane intersects $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
in at least $$q\sqrt{q}+1$$

q

q

+
1

points. Moreover, if there is no external line, the set $${\mathcal {H}}$$
H
is a Hermitian surface.
Growth and Integrability of Some Birational Maps in Dimension Three
Authors: Graffeo Michele , Gubbiotti Giorgio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotivated by the study of the Kahan–Hirota–Kimura discretisation of the Euler top, we characterise the growth and integrability properties of a collection of elements in the Cremona group of a complex projective 3-space using techniques from algebraic geometry. This collection consists of maps obtained by composing the standard Cremona transformation$${{\,\textrm{c}\,}}_3\in {{\,\textrm{Bir}\,}}(\mathbb {P}^3)$$c3∈Bir(P3)with projectivities that permute the fixed points of$${{\,\textrm{c}\,}}_3$$c3and the points over which$${{\,\textrm{c}\,}}_3$$c3performs a divisorial contraction. Specifically, we show that three behaviour are possible: (A) integrable with quadratic degree growth and two invariants, (B) periodic with two-periodic degree sequences and more than two invariants, and (C) non-integrable with submaximal degree growth and one invariant.
Second-grade elasticity of three-dimensional pantographic lattices: theory and numerical experiments
Authors: Giorgio Ivan , dell’Isola Francesco , Steigmann David J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA continuum theory of pantographic lattices, based on second-grade elasticity, is presented. The proposed model is able to describe the mechanical behavior of a type of material structure made up of multiple layers of pantographic sheets connected with a third family of fibers. Thus, these materials are characterized by an orthogonal pattern of fibers that can bend, stretch and twist. Numerical experiments illustrate the predictive potential of the model when the material is subjected to different types of mechanical loads, including compression, torsion and two kinds of bending. Analyzing the material responses for these various tests makes it possible to reveal unusual deformation patterns characteristic of such “pantographic blocks.” Numerical simulations using the finite element method are intended to assist in designing an experimental program using 3D-printed specimens made of different materials.
Determination of anti-SARS-CoV-2 virustatic pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment using high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Bartels Indra , Jaeger Martin , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has affected the global population since 2019. The rapid development and approval of vaccines has brought relief. Yet, effective cures are still being researched. Even if the pandemic situation may end, SARS-CoV-2 will remain and, thus, continued application of the drugs will lead to emissions of the active ingredients into the aquatic environment, as with other anthropogenic micropollutants. However, a general method for trace analysis of antiviral drugs is still missing. To this purpose, favipiravir, remdesivir, its active metabolite GS-441524, molnupiravir and its active metabolite EIDD-1931 were selected as representative analytes. A method was developed based on solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Optimization comprised the choice of chromatographic columns, elution gradient, mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry parameters. Solid phase extraction proved suitable for increase in limits of detection and quantitation. amelioration of the limits of detection and quantitation. Matrix effects were investigated applying the optimized method to a wastewater sample with added virustatics. All five compounds could be separated with reversed phase chromatography, whereas EIDD-1931 profited from hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The optimized method yielded limits of detection and quantification of 2.1·10-1, 6.9·10-1 µg·L-1 for favipiravir, 1.8·10-3, 5.5·10-3 µg·L-1 for remdesivir, 1.9·10-3, 7.6·10-3 µg·L-1 for GS-441524, 2.9·10-3, 8.7·10-3 µg·L-1 for molnupiravir, and 1.3·10-1, 3.8·10-1 µg·L-1 for EIDD 1931. The method was first applied to compound stability testing at pH 2.8 and 9.7. At pH 2.8, remdesivir, GS-441524 and molnupiravir proved stable, whereas about 14% of EIDD-1931 and favipiravir were degraded. All five antiviral compounds were almost completely decomposed at pH 9.7. The application of the method was further demonstrated for potential transformation product detection on favipiravir ozonation monitoring.
Graphical abstract
Risk Factors for Recurrence of Cholangitis After Pancreaticoduodenectomy and Comparison of Stents in Hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Fukuoka Hirotaka , Toyama Hirochika , Mizumoto Takuya , Ishida Jun , Asari Sadaki , Goto Tadahiro , Nanno Yoshihide , Urade Takeshi , Fukushima Kenji , Gon Hidetoshi , Tsugawa Daisuke , Komatsu Shohei , Kuramitsu Kaori , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Kido Masahiro , Ajiki Tetsuo , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative cholangitis is a common complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Frequent cholangitis impairs patients’ quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, the risk factors for recurrence of cholangitis remain unclear. Hence, this retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for recurrence of cholangitis after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2015 and 2019 in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. At least two episodes of cholangitis a year after pancreaticoduodenectomy were defined as ‘recurrence of cholangitis’ in the present study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsThe recurrence of cholangitis occurred in 40 of 207 patients (19.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that internal stent (external, RR: 2.16, P = 0.026; none, RR: 4.76, P = 0.011), firm pancreas (RR: 2.61, P = 0.021), constipation (RR: 3.49, P = 0.008), and postoperative total bilirubin>1.7 mg/dL (RR: 2.94, P = 0.006) were risk factors of recurrence of cholangitis. Among patients with internal stents (n = 54), those with remnant stents beyond 5 months had more frequent recurrence of cholangitis (≥5 months, 75%; <5 months, 30%).ConclusionsInternal stents, firm pancreas, constipation, and postoperative high bilirubin levels are risk factors for cholangitis recurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy. In addition, the long‐term implantation of internal stents may trigger cholangitis recurrence.
Model incorporating multiple diffusion MRI features: development and validation of a radiomics-based model to predict adult-type diffuse gliomas grade
Authors: Wang Peng , Xie Shenghui , Wu Qiong , Weng Lixin , Hao Zhiyue , Yuan Pengxuan , Zhang Chi , Gao Weilin , Wang Shaoyu , Zhang Huapeng , Song Yang , He Jinlong , Gao Yang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a radiomics-based model (ADGGIP) for predicting adult-type diffuse gliomas (ADG) grade by combining multiple diffusion modalities and clinical and imaging morphologic features.

Methods
In this prospective study, we recruited 103 participants diagnosed with ADG and collected their preoperative conventional MRI and multiple diffusion imaging (diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and mean apparent propagator diffusion-MRI) data in our hospital, as well as clinical information. Radiomic features of the diffusion images and clinical information and morphological data from the radiological reports were extracted, and multiple pipelines were used to construct the optimal model. Model validation was performed through a time-independent validation cohort. ROC curves were used to evaluate model performance. The clinical benefit was determined by decision curve analysis.

Results
From June 2018 to May 2021, 72 participants were recruited for the training cohort. Between June 2021 and February 2022, 31 participants were enrolled in the prospective validation cohort. In the training cohort (AUC 0.958), internal validation cohort (0.942), and prospective validation cohort (0.880), ADGGIP had good accuracy in predicting ADG grade. ADGGIP was also significantly better than the single-modality prediction model (AUC 0.860) and clinical imaging morphology model (0.841) (all p < .01) in the prospective validation cohort. When the threshold probability was greater than 5%, ADGGIP provided the greatest net benefit.

Conclusion
ADGGIP, which is based on advanced diffusion modalities, can predict the grade of ADG with high accuracy and robustness and can help improve clinical decision-making.

Clinical relevance statement
Integrated multi-modal predictive modeling is beneficial for early detection and treatment planning of adult-type diffuse gliomas, as well as for investigating the genuine clinical significance of biomarkers.

Key Points
• Integrated model exhibits the highest performance and stability.
• When the threshold is greater than 5%, the integrated model has the greatest net benefit.
• The advanced diffusion models do not demonstrate better performance than the simple technology.
Selective dorsal rhizotomy in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a multi-center prospective study
Authors: Gillespie Conor S. , Hall Benjamin J. , George Alan M. , Hennigan Dawn , Sneade Christine , Cawker Stephanie , Silva Adikarige Haritha Dulanka , Vloeberghs Michael , Aquilina Kristian , Pettorini Benedetta 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Assess the effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on motor function and quality of life in children with a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level of IV or V (non-ambulatory).

Methods
This is a prospective, observational study in three tertiary neurosurgery units in England, UK, performing SDR on children aged 3–18 with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, and a GMFCS level of IV or V, between 2012 and 2019. The primary outcome measure was the change in the 66-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) from baseline to 24 months after SDR, using a linear mixed effects model. Secondary outcomes included spasticity, bladder function, quality of life, and pain scores.

Results
Between 2012 and 2019, 144 children who satisfied these inclusion criteria underwent SDR. The mean age was 8.2 years. Fifty-two percent were female. Mean GMFM-66 score was available in 77 patients (53.5%) and in 39 patients (27.1%) at 24 months after SDR. The mean increase between baseline and 24 months post-SDR was 2.4 units (95% CI 1.7–3.1, p < 0.001, annual change 1.2 units). Of the 67 patients with a GMFM-66 measurement available, a documented increase in gross motor function was seen in 77.6% (n = 52). Of 101 patients with spasticity data available, mean Ashworth scale decreased after surgery (2.74 to 0.30). Of patients’ pain scores, 60.7% (n = 34) improved, and 96.4% (n = 56) of patients’ pain scores remained the same or improved. Bladder function improved in 30.9% of patients.

Conclusions
SDR improved gross motor function and reduced pain in most patients at 24 months after surgery, although the improvement is less pronounced than in children with GMFCS levels II and III. SDR should be considered in non-ambulant patients.
The influence of intraoperative auditory brainstem responses on vibroplasty coupling-quality and analysis of the impact of different fixation steps on the coupling
Authors: Dejaco Daniel , Riedl David , Gottfried Timo Maria , Santer Matthias , Runge Annette , Seebacher Josef , Zelger Philipp , Lia Bicego , Joachim Schmutzhard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) is an established active-middle-ear-implant for patients with moderate-to-profound hearing-loss. This surgery is referred to as “Vibroplasty”. Sufficient transfer of the VSB’s floating-mass-transducers (FMT) energy to the inner ear is a crucial factor influencing the coupling-quality (CQ). However, assessing CQ is hamper by two issues: the method of CQ-assessment itself and the method of FMT-fixation during Vibroplasty.

Methods
This prospective study explored the influence of intraoperative auditory-brainstem-response (+ ABR) measurements and various fixation methods on postoperative CQ after Vibroplasty as compared to matched-patients after Vibroplasty without intraoperative ABR (-ABR). Propensity-score-matching was performed based on preoperative bone-conduction-pure-tone-average-3 (BC-PTA3) at 1-, 2- and 4 kHz. Primary outcome parameters were postoperative CQ-PTA3, intraoperative ABR threshold for various fixation methods and postoperative BC-PTA3.

Results
A total of 28 patients were included, of which 14 were + ABR. Preoperative BC-PTA3, sex, age, and number of previous surgeries did not differ significantly between groups (all p > 0.301). Mean postoperative CQ-PTA3 was significantly better for + ABR (1.8 vs. 12.3 dB-HL; p = 0.006). Mean intraoperative ABR threshold was superior for cartilage-counter-bearing and cartilage-housing compared to additional fixation with injectable-platelet-rich- fibrin (53 vs. 56 & 57 dB-HL, respectively; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.33). Mean postoperative BC-PTA3 did not significantly differ between patients (41.4 vs. 41.8 dB-HL; p = 0.77). A total of 7% of the patients required intraoperative readjustment of the FMT based on unsatisfactory intraoperative ABR threshold.

Conclusion
Intraoperative ABR measurement resulted in significantly better postoperative CQ. Cartilage-counter-bearing and cartilage-housing were observed to have superior CQ. A total of 7% of the patients could be spared revision-Vibroplasty due to intraoperative ABR measurement.
Relationship between working conditions and mental health of migrants and refugees/asylum seekers vs. natives in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Herold Regina , Lieb Marietta , Borho Andrea , Voss Amanda , Unverzagt Susanne , Morawa Eva , Erim Yesim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Migrants and refugees/asylum seekers make up a significant proportion of the European workforce. They often suffer from poor working conditions, which might impact mental health. The main objective of this systematic review was to summarize and analyze existing research on working conditions of migrants and refugees/asylum seekers in European host countries and compare them to those of natives. Furthermore, the relationship between working conditions and mental health of migrants/refugees/asylum seekers and natives will be compared.

Methods
Three electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo and CINAHL) were systematically searched for eligible articles using quantitative study designs written in English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Spanish or Turkish and published from January 1, 2016 to October 27, 2022. Primary health outcomes were diagnosed psychiatric and psychological disorders, suicide (attempts), psychiatric and psychological symptoms, and perceived distress. Secondary health outcomes were more general concepts of mental health such as well-being, life satisfaction and quality of life. Screening, data extraction and the methodological quality assessment of primary studies by using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were done independently by two reviewers. The results of the primary studies were summarized descriptively. Migrants and refugees/asylum seekers were compared with natives in terms of the association between working conditions and mental health.

Results
Migrants and refugees often face disadvantages at work concerning organizational (low-skilled work, overqualification, fixed-term contracts, shift work, lower reward levels) and social conditions (discrimination experiences) in contrast to natives. Most unfavorable working conditions are associated with worse mental health for migrants as well as for natives.

Conclusions
Even if the results are to be taken with caution, it is necessary to control and improve the working conditions of migrants and refugees/asylum seekers and adapt them to those of the native population to maintain their mental health and thus their labor force.
Optimizing diagnostic methods and stem cell transplantation outcomes in pediatric bone marrow failure: a 50-year single center experience
Authors: Vissers Lotte , van der Burg Mirjam , Lankester Arjan , Smiers Frans , Mohseny Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPeripheral blood cytopenia, a frequent presenting symptom in pediatric patients, can be caused by bone marrow failure (BMF). Timely identification of patients with non-reversible BMF is of crucial importance to reduce the risks of invasive infections and bleeding complications. Most pediatric patients with severe persistent cytopenia, independent of the underlying cause, are offered allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) as curative therapy. Here we report on our management guidelines and HSCT outcomes of pediatric BMF patients to pinpoint improvements and future challenges. We formulated recommendations based on this 50 years’ experience, which were implemented at our center in 2017. By analysis of the HSCT cohort of 2017–2023, the 5-year outcome data is presented and compared to historical outcome data. In addition, outcomes of patients transplanted for identified inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are compared to severe aplastic anemia (SAA) outcomes to underline the often multiorgan disease in IBMFS with implications for long-term survival. Survival of pediatric patients with irreversible BMF has improved tremendously. SAA patients transplanted after 2017 had a superior 5-year overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) of 97% and 85% compared to 68% and 59% in the cohort transplanted before 2017 (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.017). A similar trend was seen for BMF, with an OS and EFS of 89% for those transplanted after 2017 compared to 62% and 59% (p > 0.05). This improvement is mainly related to better survival in the first months after HSCT. The long-term survival after HSCT is lower in IBMFS patients as compared to SAA patients due to secondary malignancies and multiorgan toxicity. Conclusion: Unbiased protocolized in-depth diagnostic strategies are crucial to increase the frequency of identifiable causes within the heterogeneous group of pediatric BMF. A comprehensive approach to identify the cause of BMF can prevent treatment delay and be useful to tailor treatment and follow-up protocols.

What is Known:• Irreversible BMF in pediatric patients can be caused by a wide spectrum of underlying diseases including (pre)malignant disease, IBMFS and AA. Identifying the exact underlying cause of BMF is crucial for tailored therapy, however often challenging and time-consuming.• Frontline allogeneic HSCT is offered to most pediatric patients with severe BMF as curative treatment.

What is New:• Protocolized unbiased diagnostics, short time to treatment (< 3 months) and maximal supportive care until curative treatment can prevent complications with a negative effect on survival such as infection and bleeding.• Personalized follow-up protocols for IBMFS patients are essential to prevent a second decline in survival due to long-term treatment toxicity and extra-hematological disease complications.
Computing a Minimum Subset Feedback Vertex Set on Chordal Graphs Parameterized by Leafage
Authors: Papadopoulos Charis , Tzimas Spyridon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChordal graphs are characterized as the intersection graphs of subtrees in a tree and such a representation is known as the tree model. Restricting the characterization results in well-known subclasses of chordal graphs such as interval graphs or split graphs. A typical example of a problem that does not behave computationally the same in all subclasses of chordal graphs is the Subset Feedback Vertex Set (SFVS) problem: given a vertex-weighted graph $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

and a set $$S\subseteq V$$

S
⊆
V

, we seek for a vertex set of minimum weight that intersects all cycles containing a vertex of S. SFVS is known to be polynomial-time solvable on interval graphs, whereas SFVS remains np-complete on split graphs and, consequently, on chordal graphs. Towards a better understanding of the complexity of SFVS on subclasses of chordal graphs, we exploit structural properties of a tree model in order to cope with the hardness of SFVS. Here we consider the leafage, which measures the minimum number of leaves in a tree model. We show that SFVS can be solved in polynomial time for every chordal graph with bounded leafage. In particular, given a chordal graph on n vertices with leafage $$\ell $$
ℓ
, we provide an algorithm for solving SFVS with running time $$n^{O(\ell )}$$

n

O
(
ℓ
)

, thus improving upon $$n^{O(\ell ^2)}$$

n

O
(

ℓ
2

)

, which is the running time of an approach that utilizes the previously known algorithm for graphs with bounded mim-width. We complement our result by showing that SFVS is w[1]-hard parameterized by $$\ell $$
ℓ
. Pushing further our positive result, it is natural to also consider the vertex leafage, which measures the minimum upper bound on the number of leaves of every subtree in a tree model. However, we show that it is unlikely to obtain a similar result, as we prove that SFVS remains np-complete on undirected path graphs, i.e., chordal graphs having vertex leafage at most two. Lastly, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm for solving SFVS on rooted path graphs, a proper subclass of undirected path graphs and graphs with mim-width one, which is faster than the approach of constructing a graph decomposition of mim-width one and applying the previously known algorithm for graphs with bounded mim-width.