bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with HIV in the United States, 2001-2019
Authors: McGee-Avila Jennifer K , Argirion Ilona , Engels Eric A , O’Brien Thomas R , Horner Marie-Josèphe , Qiao Baozhen , Monterosso Analise , Luo Qianlai , Shiels Meredith S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
People with HIV have higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than the general population, partly because of higher prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Methods
We calculated standardized incidence ratios for hepatocellular carcinoma in people with HIV by comparing rates from people with HIV in the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, a population-based HIV and cancer registry linkage, to those in the general population. We used multivariable Poisson regression to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios among people with HIV and linked the Texas HIV registry with medical claims data to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of HBV and HCV in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with logistic regression.

Results
Compared with the general population, hepatocellular carcinoma rates in people with HIV were elevated 2.79-fold (n = 1736; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.66 to 2.92). Hepatocellular carcinoma rates decreased statistically significantly from 2001-2004 to 2015-2019 (P &lt; .001). Compared with men who have sex with men, hepatocellular carcinoma risk was elevated 4.28-fold among men who injected drugs (95% CI = 3.72 to 4.93) and 1.83-fold among women who injected drugs (95% CI = 1.49 to 2.26). In Texas, 146 hepatocellular carcinoma cases among people with HIV were linked to claims data: 25% HBV positive, 59% HCV positive, and 13% coinfected with HBV and HCV. Compared with men who had sex with men, people who inject drugs had 82% decreased odds of HBV (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.63) and 2 times the odds of HCV (AOR = 20.4, 95% CI = 3.32 to 125.3).

Conclusions
During 2001-2019, hepatocellular carcinoma risk declined among people with HIV, though rates remain statistically significantly elevated compared with the general population, particularly among people who inject drugs. Prevention and treatment of HBV/HCV are needed to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma risk among people with HIV.
Longitudinal analysis of exchanges of support between parents and children in the UK
Authors: Steele Fiona , Zhang Siliang , Grundy Emily , Burchardt Tania 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider how exchanges of support between parents and adult children vary by demographic and socio-economic characteristics and examine evidence for reciprocity in transfers and substitution between practical and financial support. Using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2011–19, repeated measures of help given and received are analysed jointly using multivariate random effects probit models. Exchanges are considered from both a child and parent perspective. In the latter case, we propose a novel approach to account for the correlation between mother and father reports and develop an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm suitable for large datasets with multiple outcomes.
Modalities of Medical Assistance to Populations in French Role 1 Facilities From January 2020 to December 2021
Authors: Perret Julien , Varvenne David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Medical assistance to populations (MAP) is a rich and varied activity, but it is not well known, and its modalities are inconsistent and unclear, particularly in the pediatric field; they can confront the military doctor with difficult management issues. Today, a military doctor deployed in foreign operations (FOs) does not know if he will perform MAP. He does not know how it will be carried out, nor if it will include a pediatric component. Finally, he does not know what difficulties he will face and therefore cannot prepare himself effectively. The primary objective of this work is to describe the modalities of MAP in FO, with an emphasis on the pediatric activity. The secondary objective is to develop a template for a post-session MAP registry.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective descriptive study. An electronic questionnaire was sent to all physicians in Forces Medicine. All military physicians deployed to a role 1 structure between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, were included. The questionnaire reports the sociodemographic data of the responding physicians and their skills in pediatrics, the modalities of MAP, and the difficulties encountered, and questions the interest of setting up a “tactical health watch” and a tele-expertise with pediatricians in France. Analyses are descriptive (means, graphs, and percentages). This work was authorized by the Directorate of Forces Medicine and the Directorate of Training, Research, and Innovation of the French Defense Health Service.

Results
We obtained 140 analyzable responses, among which 102 deployments in a role 1 facility, and 44% of the physicians practiced MAP. The share of pediatrics during MAP sessions is estimated to be significant (i.e., &gt;50% of patients) by 42% of physicians. Physicians felt that they were having difficulties in their MAP activity in 26% of the cases and in their pediatric activity in 38% of the cases. Difficulties encountered in pediatrics seemed to diminish with the level of experience in FO or when the practitioner had a pediatric activity back in metropolitan France. On the contrary, difficulties seemed to increase when the training in pediatrics was greater.

Conclusions
MAP in FO is an activity in which modalities are very variable depending on the theater. Practitioners must have a solid theoretical and practical preparation beforehand, particularly in pediatrics. Keeping a specific activity register is an essential basis for judiciously adapting human and material resources dedicated to this activity. Future studies should aim to investigate more precisely the difficulties encountered.
Computationally efficient reionization in a large hydrodynamic galaxy formation simulation
Authors: Davies James E , Bird Simeon , Mutch Simon , Ni Yueying , Feng Yu , Croft Rupert , Matteo Tiziana Di , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Accuracy in the topology and statistics of a simulated epoch of reionization (EoR) are vital to draw connections between observations and physical processes. While full radiative transfer models produce the most accurate reionization models, they are highly computationally expensive, and are infeasible for the largest cosmological simulations. Instead, large simulations often include EoR models that are pre-computed via the initial density field, or post-processed where feedback effects are ignored. We introduce astrid-es, a resimulation of the astrid epoch of reionization 20 &gt; z &gt; 5.5 which includes an on-the-fly excursion-set reionization algorithm. astrid-es produces more accurate reionization histories without significantly impacting the computational time. This model directly utilizes the star particles produced in the simulation to calculate the EoR history and includes an ultraviolet (UV) background which heats the gas particles after their reionization. We contrast the reionization topology and statistics in astrid-es with the previously employed parametric reionization model, finding that in astrid-es, ionized regions are more correlated with galaxies, and the 21cm power spectrum shows an increase in large-scale power. We calculate the relation between the size of H ii regions and the UV luminosity of the brightest galaxy within them. Prior to the overlap phase, we find a power-law fit of log(R) = −0.314MUV − 2.550log(1 + z) + 7.408 with a standard deviation σR &lt; 0.15 dex across all mass bins. We also examine the properties of haloes throughout reionization, finding that while the properties of haloes in the simulation are correlated with the redshift of reionization, they are not greatly affected by reionization itself.
Bridging the gap between intermediate and massive stars II: Mmas for the most metal-rich stars and implications for Fe CCSNe rates
Authors: Cinquegrana Giulia C , Joyce Meridith , Karakas Amanda I 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The minimum initial mass required for a star to explode as an Fe core collapse supernova, typically denoted Mmas, is an important quantity in stellar evolution because it defines the border between intermediate mass and massive stellar evolutionary paths. The precise value of Mmas carries implications for models of galactic chemical evolution and the calculation of star formation rates. Despite the fact that stars with super-solar metallicities are commonplace within spiral and some giant elliptical galaxies, there are currently no studies of this mass threshold in super metal-rich models with Z &gt; 0.05. Here, we study the minimum mass necessary for a star to undergo an Fe core collapse supernova when its initial metal content falls in the range 2.5 × 10−3 ≤ Z ≤ 0.10. Although an increase in initial Z corresponds to an increase in the Fe ignition threshold for Z ≈ 1 × 10−3 to Z ≈ 0.04, we find that there is a steady reversal in trend that occurs for Z &gt; 0.05. Our super metal-rich models thus undergo Fe core collapse at lower initial masses than those required at solar metallicity. Our results indicate that metallicity-dependent curves extending to Z = 0.10 for the minimum Fe ignition mass should be utilized in galactic chemical evolution simulations to accurately model supernovae rates as a function of metallicity, particularly for simulations of metal-rich spiral and elliptical galaxies.
Astronomical seeing and ground-level optical turbulence at Delingha observatory on the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Liming , Zhang Hanjiu , Zhang Liang , Duan Xuefeng , Lu Xinying , Liu Ying , Li Xuebin , Sun Gang , Weng Ningquan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a comprehensive site survey of the Delingha site on the northern Tibetan Plateau from 2012 to 2014. In this campaign, we investigated 24 h continuous astronomical seeing, meteorological properties, and $C_{n}^{2}$ in the ground layer (GL). The results show that the median seeing is 3.46 arcsec during the day and 1.80 arcsec during the night. The best nighttime seeing occurs in summer (1.66 arcsec), while the worst occurs in autumn (1.96 arcsec). Seeing exhibits obvious diurnal behaviour, with the worst seeing occurring around mid-day (11:00 to 14:00, Beijing time), and the best seeing just before sunset (18:00 to 20:00, Beijing time). Moreover, the Delingha site has good meteorological properties for astronomical observations during the measurement period, especially the low median wind speed (2.8 m s−1) and great temperature inversion (day: −0.3 K, night: 0.6 K). As for the vertical distribution of $C_{n}^{2}$, the exponential h−0.46 dependence of $C_{n}^{2}$ varying with height in the GL is also obtained, and its power index is significantly related to the seasons. Furthermore, we calculated the contribution of optical turbulence in the GL to the whole atmosphere. Turbulence within the GL contributes significantly in summer, and its contribution can reach more than 35 per cent. Finally, we present the complete dependence analysis of seeing on meteorological parameters at the Delingha site. The results show that the best seeing tends to occur when the temperature inversion is sufficiently large, but the dependence of seeing on wind speed is not significant.
Towards 21-cm intensity mapping at z = 2.28 with uGMRT using the tapered gridded estimator – III. Foreground removal
Authors: Elahi Kh Md Asif , Bharadwaj Somnath , Pal Srijita , Ghosh Abhik , Ali Sk Saiyad , Choudhuri Samir , Chakraborty Arnab , Datta Abhirup , Roy Nirupam , Choudhury Madhurima , Dutta Prasun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Neutral hydrogen (${\rm H\, \small {I}}$) 21-cm intensity mapping (IM) is a promising probe of the large-scale structures in the Universe. However, a few orders of magnitude brighter foregrounds obscure the IM signal. Here, we use the tapered gridded estimator to estimate the multifrequency angular power spectrum Cℓ(Δν) from a $24.4\hbox{-} \rm {MHz}$ bandwidth upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Band 3 data at $432.8\ \rm {MHz}$. In Cℓ(Δν) foregrounds remain correlated across the entire Δν range, whereas the 21-cm signal is localized within Δν ≤ [Δν] (typically, 0.5–1 MHz). Assuming the range Δν &gt; [Δν] to have minimal 21-cm signal, we use Cℓ(Δν) in this range to model the foregrounds. This foreground model is extrapolated to Δν ≤ [Δν], and subtracted from the measured Cℓ(Δν). The residual [Cℓ(Δν)]res in the range Δν ≤ [Δν] is used to constrain the 21-cm signal, compensating for the signal loss from foreground subtraction. [Cℓ(Δν)]res is found to be noise-dominated without any trace of foregrounds. Using [Cℓ(Δν)]res, we constrain the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuations Δ2(k), and obtain the 2σ upper limit $\Delta _{\rm UL}^2(k)\le (18.07)^2\ \rm {mK^2}$ at $k=0.247\ \rm {Mpc}^{-1}$. We further obtain the 2σ upper limit $[\Omega _{{\rm H\, \small {I}}}b_{{\rm H\, \small {I}}}]_{\rm UL}\le 0.022$, where $\Omega _{{\rm H\, \small {I}}}$ and $b_{{\rm H\, \small {I}}}$ are the comoving ${\rm H\, \small {I}}$ density and bias parameters, respectively. Although the upper limit is nearly 10 times larger than the expected 21-cm signal, it is 3 times tighter over previous works using foreground avoidance on the same data.
Testing a stochastic acceleration model of pulsar wind nebulae: early evolution of a wind nebula associated with SN 1986J
Authors: Tanaka Shuta J , Kashiyama Kazumi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Over 3000 pulsars have been discovered, but none have been confirmed to be younger than a few hundred years. Observing a pulsar after a supernova explosion will help us understand the properties of newborn ones, including their capability to produce gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts. Here, the possible youngest pulsar wind nebula (PWN) at the centre of the SN 1986J remnant is studied. We demonstrate that the 5 GHz flux of ‘PWN 1986J’, increasing with time, is consistent with a stochastic acceleration model of PWNe developed to explain the flat radio spectrum of the Crab Nebula. We obtain an acceleration time-scale of electrons/positrons and a decay time-scale of the turbulence responsible for the stochastic acceleration as about 10 yr and 70 yr, respectively. Our findings suggest that efficient stochastic acceleration and rising radio/submm light curves are characteristic signatures of the youngest PWNe. Follow-up ALMA observations of decades-old supernovae within a few tens of Mpc, including SN 1986J, are encouraged to reveal the origin of the flat radio spectrum of PWNe.
The impact of UV variability on the abundance of bright galaxies at z ≥ 9
Authors: Shen Xuejian , Vogelsberger Mark , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Tacchella Sandro , Kannan Rahul 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
JWST observations have revealed a population of galaxies bright enough that potentially challenge standard galaxy formation models in the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. Using a minimal empirical framework, we investigate the influence of variability on the rest-frame ultra-violet (UV) luminosity function of galaxies at z ≥ 9. Our study differentiates between the median UV radiation yield and the variability of UV luminosities of galaxies at a fixed dark matter halo mass. We primarily focus on the latter effect, which depends on halo assembly and galaxy formation processes and can significantly increase the abundance of UV-bright galaxies due to the upscatter of galaxies in lower-mass haloes. We find that a relatively low level of variability, σUV ≈ 0.75 mag, matches the observational constraints at z ≈ 9. However, increasingly larger σUV is necessary when moving to higher redshifts, reaching $\sigma _{\rm UV} \approx 2.0\, (2.5)\, {\rm mag}$ at z ≈ 12 (16). This implied variability is consistent with expectations of physical processes in high-redshift galaxies such as bursty star formation and dust clearance during strong feedback cycles. Photometric constraints from JWST at z ≳ 9 therefore can be reconciled with a standard ΛCDM-based galaxy formation model calibrated at lower redshifts without the need for adjustments to the median UV radiation yield.
Hybrid stars built with density-dependent models
Authors: Issifu A , da Silva F M , Menezes D P 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Using a density-dependent quark model and a relativistic model within the mean-field approximation for hadrons with density-dependent meson-baryon couplings, we construct, for the first time, models that describe hybrid neutron stars consisting of nucleons and exotic baryons (hyperons and Δ-resonances). We do the study using a Maxwell construction. The quark-hadron phase transition in the stellar matter is determined through the structure, composition, and properties of the hybrid neutron star matter. The macroscopic properties of the star are determined, and the results for these particular models are found to be compatible with recent observational astrophysical data.
The face-on projection of the Miyamoto & Nagai discs
Authors: Ciotti Luca 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The face-on projected density profile of the Miyamoto & Nagai discs of arbitrary flattening is obtained analytically in terms of incomplete elliptic integrals of first and second type, by using two complementary approaches, and then checked against the results of numerical integration. As computer algebra systems do not seem able to obtain the resulting formula in any straightforward way, the relevant mathematical steps are provided. During this study, three wrong identities in the Byrd & Friedman tables of elliptic integrals have been identified, and their correct expression is given.
C3G and Ig-MPGN—treatment standard
Authors: Noris Marina , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Among the broad spectrum of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), immunofluorescence distinguishes C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), with predominant C3 deposits, and immunoglobulin-associated MPGN (Ig-MPGN), with combined C3 and Ig. However, there are several intersections between C3G and Ig-MPGN. Primary C3G and Ig-MPGN share the same prevalence of low serum C3 levels and of abnormalities of the alternative pathway of complement, and patients who present a bioptic pattern of Ig-MPGN at onset may show a C3G pattern in a subsequent biopsy. There is no specific therapy for primary C3G and Ig-MPGN and prognosis is unfavourable. The only recommended indications are inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system, lipid-lowering agents and other renoprotective agents. The other drugs used currently, such as corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil, are often ineffective. The anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab has been tested in several patients, with mixed results. One reason for the uncertainty is the extremely variable clinical course, most likely reflecting a heterogeneous pathogenesis. An unsupervised clustering analysis that included histologic, biochemical, genetic and clinical data available at onset in patients with primary C3G and Ig-MPGN identified four clusters characterized by specific pathogenic mechanisms. This approach may facilitate accurate diagnosis and development of targeted therapies. Several trials are ongoing with drugs targeting different molecules of the complement cascade, however it is important to consider which component of the cascade may be the most appropriate for each patient. We review the current standards of treatment and discuss novel developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, outcome prediction and management of C3G and Ig-MPGN.
Multiscale network neuroscience in neuro-oncology: How tumors, brain networks, and behavior connect across scales
Authors: Maas Dorien A , Douw Linda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Network neuroscience refers to the investigation of brain networks across different spatial and temporal scales, and has become a leading framework to understand the biology and functioning of the brain. In neuro-oncology, the study of brain networks has revealed many insights into the structure and function of cells, circuits, and the entire brain, and their association with both functional status (e.g., cognition) and survival. This review connects network findings from different scales of investigation, with the combined aim of informing neuro-oncological healthcare professionals on this exciting new field and also delineating the promising avenues for future translational and clinical research that may allow for application of network methods in neuro-oncological care.
Deeper Pathways for Recruitment Efforts: Identifying Opportunities for Undergraduate and Medical Student Involvement in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Goel Divyam , Tin Michelle T , Hariprasad Krishna C , Garg Diya S , Besic Arnel , Dillon Tilly A , Masson Zoe R , Goralsky Lauren A , Goralsky Julia A , Barron Molly K , Saji Jasmine A , Hobson Wendy L , Jones Trahern W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Only 74% of infectious diseases (ID) training positions were filled in the 2022 fellowship match, indicating a need to find increasingly novel and creative solutions for ID recruitment and outreach.

Methods
The websites of 2321 universities and 181 medical schools across the United States were manually searched for the presence of undergraduate clubs and interest groups, respectively, for multiple medical specialties and subspecialties, including ID. Geographic data were used to compare the proximity of ID fellowships to undergraduate institutions.

Results
ID student groups were extremely rare among the categories studied throughout undergraduate institutions (6 out of 2048, or 0.29%). Only 58 of 163 (35.6%) medical schools nationwide included an ID student group. Geographic comparison found that every adult ID fellowship is in the same county and/or city as at least 1 undergraduate institution and 28.5% of adult ID fellowships are in the same zip code as at least 1 undergraduate institution.

Conclusions
The relative paucity of ID student interest groups presents an opportunity for the ID community to begin outreach and recruitment at the undergraduate and medical student levels, specifically through student groups.