bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Votary of the Muse
Authors: Ford Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a synoptic account of Hardy’s ideas about poetry, drawing on his fiction, on extracts from his diary included in the Life, and on his poems about poetry and about other poets such as Shelley and Keats. It considers in detail his short story ‘An Imaginative Woman’ (1894), which features two poets, and dramatizes the schism between the spiritual or poetic and the material or commercial. Like the heroine of this story, in his twenties Hardy came to consider himself a ‘votary of the muse’, and this chapter explores the gulf between the exalted vision of the poetic implicit in this phrase and the drab, disillusioned, anti-romantic aspects of his early poems. It offers close readings of two of Hardy’s most revealing poems about poetry, ‘Moments of Vision’ (1917) and ‘The Vatican: Sala delle Muse’ (1901).
The Other Side of Common Emotions
Authors: Ford Mark 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter ponders Hardy’s determination to write poems that explore ‘the other side of common emotions’, a phrase from a diary entry of 1867 excerpted in the Life. It makes extended use of his Studies, Specimens &c. and Poetical Matter notebooks to illustrate this concept, and it assesses his penchant for exploring narratives or images from unusual angles. The poems ‘Childhood among the Ferns’ and ‘The Slow Nature’ serve as examples of this. It also assesses the importance to Hardy of the discussions of originality in J. S. Mill’s ‘On Liberty’ and in Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Jean Paul Richter’. Finally, it analyses how the ghostly or posthumous enabled Hardy to write poems from this ‘other side’ and briefly compares his depictions of spectral revenants with those of T. S. Eliot.
A Short, Long Summer
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines popular reactions to three major events early in the period considered: the announcement of Mussolini’s fall in July 1943, the declaration of armistice between Italy and the Allied forces in September 1943 (when Italy switched its allegiance from Hitler’s Germany), and Italy’s official declaration of war against Germany in October 1943. As an initial test of the country’s judgment on fascism, diaries’ entries on and around July 25, 1943 immediately present interpretive challenges. Elations at the news of Mussolini’s resignation appear mixed with, if not motivated by, hopes for an end to the war, thus mudding all attempts at differentiating evaluations of fascism distinct from broader reactions to the war crisis. Diarists’ interpretations of the armistice as “betrayal” pose similar predicaments; they appear to ignore that the choice to preserve their country’s “honor” by continuing to fight alongside Hitler also meant upholding the decision of Mussolini’s dictatorial regime to launch a war that most agreed was “not wanted.” Journals’ muted reactions to the October declaration of war against Germany confirm incongruities in people’s shifting structures of feeling in the face of fascism’s unravelling. Whether due to the fast pace of historical developments or a lack of firm points of interpretive reference, contradictory attitudes characterize the diaries’ entries in the first three months following the regime’s fall. Fascism had definitively faded from Italians’ immediate concerns.
Every Day in the Everyday
Authors: Falasca-Zamponi Simonetta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines diarists’ interpretive confusions by zeroing in on the personal, intimate level. It engages with the phenomenological categories that marked writers’ responses to the historical circumstances, with particular attention to the duo “private and public” and the notion of “normalcy.” Emotional conditions, from fear and distress to cynicism and indifference and also desensitization, become keys to account for people’s historical subjectivity—their evolving sense of self amid an external reality that ruthlessly confronted them with their own helplessness. The chapter discusses diarists’ rejection of public involvement and their strenuous defense of a private, orderly space away from the chaotic outside world, even as the “normalcy” of everyday life was irreparably altered by bombings, displacement, hunger, and more generally an excruciating struggle for survival. A form of resistance to the overpowering of history, retrenchment into the personal and the bliss of home allowed Italians to build distance from uncontrollable events while ensuring emotional numbness as a screen against suffering. With vivid portraits of people’s experiential differences in terms of generation, gender, class, and geographical location, the chapter evaluates the impact of authors’ writing styles and posture of objectivity on their approach to journaling.
The Contrary Compulsions of a Surveillance State
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights two attempts at regulation by the Indian state—the Personal Data Protection Bill and the Equalisation Levy. While the chapter also deals with privacy and Aadhar in the context of a surveillance state, its major focus is on the operationalization of India’s own Google Tax—the Equalisation levy. This proactive attempt at taxing Big Tech highlights the Indian government’s commitment to establish a level playing field in the matter of corporate tax. The chapter begins with the necessary background—in particular, OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative that formed the basis for the Indian government’s response. The Equalisation Levy is a type of ‘presumptive’ tax levied on non-Indian e-commerce companies involved in business-to-business transactions involving digital advertising and other services and is also levied on revenues generated by non-Indian e-commerce firms. While this tax has begun paying the Indian government dividends, challenges include whether or not its ambit, in future, will also include local, Indian-owned e-commerce companies.
Mindreading, Character, and Realism
Authors: Boas Evert van Emde 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter sets out to problematize applications of the concept of mindreading to literary characters in two ways. Firstly, based on a discussion of relevant debates in psychology and the philosophy of mind, it is argued that the exercise of making sense of literary characters is not straightforwardly analogous to everyday mindreading; rather, character interpretation typically relies on more specialized cognitive resources. Secondly, approaches based on mindreading as narrowly conceived can overlook crucial features of literary characters that have long been of interest within literary criticism (particularly under the header of ‘realism’): a more eclectic cognitive approach is needed to capture such aspects properly. The upshot of these general points is brought out in a reading of Euripides’ Medea, a play which both models and thematizes the unusual cognitive processes involved in making sense of its protagonist.
Beyond Diversity—Precarious Belonging and Religious Conjunctions
Authors: Fuchs Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the religious practices of Dalits in Dharavi, Mumbai, India’s most iconic ‘slum’. It is precisely the stigmatized social status and the precarious form of urban existence of Dharavi’s Dalit residents that are reflected in their religious modalities. The religious choices, aspirations, articulations, and attitudes of Dalits in Dharavi represent distinct, proactive approaches to manage and alleviate the precarity of their condition. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the chapter introduces the case of two communities and their religious choices in more detail. What stands out are the religious diversity and religious connectivities of Dharavi Dalits, including those that transcend the urban context. The question of where one belongs—socially and religiously—is not always answerable in a straightforward manner, and the city is not adequately understood without its complementary inter- and non-urban sides. The ways in which the social and religious life of the Dharavi urban poor unfolds have to be seen as integrally related to their translocal and trans-urban connectivities.
Does Violence Beget the Ghetto?
Authors: Velamur Sumanya Anand 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores four different intersections between the ghetto and violence in Mumbra. The word ‘ghetto’ is used in Indian urban contexts to signify a space of Muslim and, to a lesser extent, Dalit segregation. Mumbra, often represented as an exemplar of a Muslim ghetto in urban India, demonstrates four different intersections between violence and the ghetto. The first two intersections—the ghetto as an outcome of spatial structural violence and as perpetuating spatial structural violence—form part of the classical, mostly Euro-American literature on the ghetto. With the added dimension of a postcolonial Indian urban space, Mumbra also demonstrates two other kinds of intersection between violence and the ghetto: the ghetto as born of communal violence and as a centre for magnified violence between people belonging to different sects within Indian Islam.
Transgressive Spaces
Authors: Solanki Gopika 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Focusing on feminist organizations’ interventions as third-party mediators in interreligious marriages in Mumbai, this chapter discusses how multiple patriarchies, enmeshed with Hindu right agendas, collide and rub against counter-movements on the ground in Mumbai. Using qualitative research method, and focusing on a feminist group’s long-term and purposeful action in preventing intra- and inter-ethnic group tensions related to an interreligious marriage in Mumbai, the chapter demonstrates that such micro-actions in everyday adjudication limit the exclusionary ideologies and legitimacy of majoritarian ethno-religious organizations and political parties which oppose such marriages. In addition, the chapter showcases how feminist groups offer care to vulnerable women and their families, help repair and build inter- and intra-ethnic family and kinship ties, enable local discourses that assist families to reappraise existing norms and practices militating against interreligious marriage, and consciously disrupt commonsensical narratives that cause ethnic polarization and consolidate communal patriarchy.
Necessity in Hegel’s Philosophy of History
Authors: Sedgwick Sally 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With Kant, Hegel appreciates that unless we can connect what happens by means of a unifying idea, we undercut the possibility of narrating world history. Since Hegel is in addition committed to the assumption that the idea of unity that links events of world history is a specific idea of human freedom, we arrive at the paradoxical-sounding conclusion that it is a specific idea of freedom, on his account, that is responsible for history’s necessity. The author argues that in describing the purposive development of history as unfolding with necessity, Hegel does not commit himself to the view that the course of world history, and likewise reason’s special concepts and laws, are settled in advance. His insistence upon history’s necessity is instead compatible with his view that human reason and freedom are anchored in and therefore indebted to the realm of the actual.
Age and the Voting–Driving Analogy
Authors: Volacu Alexandru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on political participation at the end of life: should there be an age limit over which people lose their eligibility to vote? After all, loss of ability is often used to justify restricting people’s freedom. For instance, age-related loss of ability is used to justify the requirement of periodical renewal of driving licences and could result in the loss of driving permits for the elderly, limiting their freedom of movement. Can there be an analogous case for voting? The chapter examines arguments by analogy in general and formulates such an argument linking driving and voting. It considers different ways the argument could be applied to age-adjusted voting rights. However, in the end, it finds that there are significant dissimilarities between driving and voting, and thus the argument is unsuccessful.
The Disciple, 1889–1913
Authors: Edwards Mark Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 1 looks at Lippmann’s youth and chief influences, including his New York City upbringing and Harvard years, his first friends and careers, and his complicated relationship with Judaism. The “post-Christianity” of the Progressive and pragmatist movements is discussed primarily through Lippmann’s relationship with William James. The chapter then follows Lippmann through his bohemian and socialist phases in Greenwich Village and on to his liberal years at the New Republic journal and the House of Truth fraternity in Washington, D.C. It concludes with a close examination of Lippmann’s rejection of his Jewish heritage and his affiliation with what he would call the “classical and Christian heritage.”
The Heretic, 1960–1974
Authors: Edwards Mark Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Lippmann’s break with Cold War liberalism over the civil rights movement and Vietnam War is the focus of Chapter 7. Lippmann began the decade as a darling of the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. They called for exactly the kind of “Great Society” that he had been demanding at least since the 1930s if not earlier. Yet Lippmann stayed a constant critic of American Cold War imperialism, notably in Cuba and Southeast Asia. He quickly fell out of favor with other liberal Cold Warriors after 1965 when he disagreed with Johnson over escalation in Vietnam. Lippmann retired at the height of the conflict and became an apologist for his former Republican enemy, Richard Nixon. He tried unsuccessfully to pen one last treatise on “The Ungovernability of Man.” He died alone and in relative obscurity considering his once great stature.
The Current Landscape
Authors: Giordano Simona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview of gender incongruence and dysphoria in childhood, focusing in particular on the descriptions found in the ICD-11 and in the DSM-V. Personal testimonies are also used. This chapter provides a number of terminological clarifications and explains which terms are used and why. Epidemiology and prevalence data are provided. One question addressed here concerns the increase in referral rates, consistently reported in various countries: some have argued that this increase is worrying and that social media or social pressure might induce some vulnerable adolescents to believe that they have a gender issue when they have not.
Gender Development
Authors: Giordano Simona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The notion of gender encompasses several dimensions and several aspects of a person’s identity and life. The ‘genderbread’ infographic is used sometimes to make the various dimensions and meanings of gender understandable and approachable. This chapter considers the main theories of gender development. It is nowadays usually accepted that gender identity depends on both biological and social factors, but what these might be and how they might interact to enable the elaboration of gender are open questions. This chapter reviews the research in this area and discusses whether the existing understanding of gender identity development can tell us something about the clinical management of gender diverse children and adolescents.
Clinical Guidance on the Management of Gender Diverse Youth
Authors: Giordano Simona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the current international guidance and of how it has evolved over time. This has not only historical significance; it also shows that treatment for gender dysphoria in young people is not novel. This chapter focuses on two main international guidelines: the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care, and the US Endocrine Society Practice Guideline and on how these have evolved. More recent Australian clinical guidelines will be mentioned where relevant. We will see that there has been an evolution in understanding what it means to help or to benefit someone who is gender diverse. Clinical approaches have goals: these can be explicit or implicit. We will discuss some of the goals that some clinical approaches have or have had, and how these have evolved (or involved) over time.
What Should the Role of the Family and the Court Be?
Authors: Giordano Simona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Typically if treatment is in a minor’s best interests, and they are not in the position to consent, parents consent on their behalf. If minors are in the position to consent, their consent alone usually suffices. However, international clinical guidelines advise that parents should consent to treatment with blockers and, where feasible, to treatment with gender-affirming hormones. In England, the role of the parents and of the courts has been debated in three separate legal cases. Although patients are not required to obtain court authorization in order to obtain medical treatment with either blockers or gender-affirming hormones, such authorization might be necessary in cases of disputes. This chapter discusses what the role of the family and of the courts should be. It will be argued that parental consent should not be an eligibility criterion for hormonal treatment, and that the role of the courts should be limited to a much narrower set of cases than what is presently the case.
Creative-Destruction in Korea’s Smart and Strong Grid Strategy
Authors: Thurbon Elizabeth , Kim Sung-Young , Tan Hao , Mathews John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we examine Korea’s efforts to build a national smart grid industry in the context of the state’s emerging developmental-environmental orientation, and relatedly its evolving ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities. We ask: What has motivated the Korean state to become involved in smart grid industry creation initiatives? How have Korean policymakers pursued their creative ambitions? Why has the government appeared more ambitious and active in smart grid industry creation than in getting fossil fuels out of the energy system? To what extent is this ‘creative-destructive’ misalignment now resolving? What factors are driving attempts at realignment, and what obstacles to a fully green shift remain? To address these questions, we divide this chapter into three parts, structured temporally. This allows us to explore the varying degrees of alignment between the state’s ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities from 2000 to 2021, and to anticipate the most likely future trajectory.
Creative-Destruction in China’s Strong and Smart Grid Initiatives: The Shift to Ultra-High Voltage
Authors: Thurbon Elizabeth , Kim Sung-Young , Tan Hao , Mathews John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we examine China’s efforts to build an electric power grid capable of powering the world’s largest manufacturing system. China’s ‘strong and smart’ grid initiatives need to be examined in the context of the state’s emerging developmental-environmental orientation, and relatedly its evolving ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions and capabilities. We ask: What has motivated the Chinese state to become so involved in ‘strong and smart’ grid industry creation initiatives, especially in the UHV grid arena? How have Chinese policymakers pursued their ‘creative’ ambitions? Why has the government appeared more ambitious in ‘strong and smart’ grid industry creation than in extricating fossil fuels out of the energy system? And to what extent is this ‘creative-destructive’ misalignment now resolving? We divide this chapter into three parts, structured temporally. This allows us to explore the varying degrees of alignment between the state’s ‘creative’ and ‘destructive’ ambitions from the 1980s to 2021.
Decoloniality, Abolitionism, and the Disruption of Penal Power
Authors: Cunneen Chris 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the coloniality of power as it is exercised through the material practices, discourses, and underlying epistemological assumptions of the criminal legal system and sets out the necessity for and potential parameters for decolonizing criminology. There are three broad ideas which underpin this chapter and provide a structure to the analysis. The first is the importance of understanding colonialism and the coloniality of power. The modern state is a colonial state or, in Walter Mignolo’s terms, coloniality is constitutive of modernity. The second is the importance of subaltern knowledges, epistemologies, and methodologies, and how criminal justice and criminology have failed to move beyond imperialist and colonialist ways of representing and understanding the world. The third and final section of the chapter considers whether and what role criminology might play in the strategies for a decolonial abolitionist activism. The chapter argues the necessity for, and the challenges facing, decolonialism in the context of policing and penal power and the compromised position of criminology.
The Legacy of Colonial Patriarchy in the Current Administration of the Malaysian Death Penalty
Authors: Harry Lucy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the issue of the disproportionate number of foreign national women sentenced to death for drug trafficking in Malaysia. It examines the double colonial history of, on the one hand, the death penalty and, on the other, the criminalization of drugs, and explores their convergence and legacy in contemporary Malaysian penal culture. Utilizing the concepts of ‘colonial patriarchy’ and ‘hyper-sentencing’, this chapter makes the case that the over-representation of economically precarious foreign national women on death row for drug trafficking in this jurisdiction is as a result of the interaction between colonial-era penal logics and neoliberal economic structures.
An Alternative Spotlight
Authors: Wilson Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the colonial dynamics of therapeutic jurisprudence. Several claims are made about therapeutic jurisprudence that suggests that it may have something important and beneficial to offer to Indigenous persons who come into contact with the system and efforts to decolonize criminal justice more broadly. Yet those claims have received scant critical attention. The colonial dynamics of therapeutic jurisprudence also remain understudied. The chapter takes the most widely recognized example of applied therapeutic jurisprudence—the drug court—as a case study and seeks to shed light on those lacunae. Drawing on observational fieldwork and interview data, the chapter explores the ways in which the structure and operations of those courts perpetuate colonial legacies. The implications of those findings are then discussed in the light of the claims made by proponents of therapeutic jurisprudence—in particular, the extent to which therapeutic jurisprudence can deliver healing for Indigenous persons.