bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konflik Norma Antara Perlindungan Usaha Kecil Menurut Hukum Persaingan Usaha Indonesia Dengan Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Apriani Desi , Syafrinaldi Syafrinaldi 
Published: February 2023

Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli Dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat mengecualikan pelaku usaha kecil yang berarti larangan menurut undang-undang tidak berlaku bagi pelaku usaha kecil. Larangan ini menimbulkan pro-kontra sejak pembahasan RUU di tahun 1998. Di sisi lain Hukum perlindungan konsumen hadir sebagai upaya untuk memberikan perlindungan terhadap konsumen dari perilaku pelaku usaha yang melanggar hak-hak konsumen, dimana kerugian konsumen salah satunya disebabkan oleh persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ketentuan pengecualian pelaku usaha kecil menurut hukum persaingan usaha Indonesia dengan upaya melindungi konsumen berdasarkan undang-undang perlindungan konsumen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ketentuan pengecualian pelaku usaha kecil dari hukum persaingan usaha di Indonesia, berakibat pelaku usaha kecil dapat menjalankan kegiatan usaha dengan tidak sehat, seperti melakukan perjanjian penetapan harga, pembagian wilayah, dan bentuk persaingan usaha tidak sehat lainnya yang dapat merugikan masyarakat sebagai konsumen. Benturan antara upaya melindungi pelaku usaha kecil menurut hukum persaingan usaha dengan upaya melindungi konsumen dalam hukum perlindungan konsumen. Ketentuan pengecualian terhadap pelaku usaha kecil perlu mendapat perhatian lebih mendalam, dalam rangka membangun dan menuju hukum yang berkeadilan bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.
Surat Pernyataan Kepemilikan Manfaat: Perlindungan Terhadap Notaris Dalam Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat?
Authors: Sugiharti Kristantini , Dewi Yetty Komalasari 
Published: February 2023

Notaris membutuhkan suatu perlindungan hukum ketika melaksanakan kewajibannya untuk menerapkan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat dari suatu Badan Hukum. Perlindungan tersebut menjadi penting guna meminimalisasi konsekuensi risiko hukum yang dapat terjadi serta mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan Perpres 13/2018 sebagai upaya pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dan Tindak Pidana Pendanaan Terorisme. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis isu-isu terkait Penerapan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat oleh Notaris sebagai salah satu lembaga pelaksana yang ditunjuk oleh Perpres tersebut, yaitu mengenai alasan penting Notaris menerapkan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat dan bagaimana Surat Pernyataan Pemilik Manfaat dapat memberikan perlindungan bagi Notaris yang telah menerapkan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat dari tuntutan hukum. Dengan menerapkan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan, tulisan ini menyimpulkan, bahwa penting bagi Notaris untuk menerapkan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat, karena Notaris memiliki kewenangan untuk mengenali penghadap guna memperoleh informasi yang benar mengenai penghadap, sehingga dapat berperan sebagai gatekeeper untuk berkontribusi dalam upaya pemberantasan TPPU atau setidaknya mengurangi risiko terjadinya TPPU. Namun demikian, di sisi lain perlindungan hukum bagi Notaris yang telah melaksanakan Prinsip Mengenali Pemilik Manfaat melalui Surat Pernyataan Pemilik Manfaat yang dibuat oleh penghadap tidak sepenuhnya dapat melindungi Notaris dari tuntutan hukum, karena surat tersebut hanya memiliki kekuatan pembuktian sempurna apabila tidak disangkal oleh yang menandatanganinya.
Uang Kerohiman Sebagai Bentuk Ganti Rugi Untuk Penggarap Tanah Tanpa Ijin Pemiliknya
Authors: Silviana Ana , Yunita Farah Rana 
Published: February 2023

Maraknya penggarapan di atas tanah milik orang lain tidak sedikit yang berujung pada sengketa karena fungsi tanah masih menjadikan objek yang vital bagi hidup dan penghidupkan manusia. Penggarapan ter bisa seijin maupun tanpa ijin pemiliknya seperti sengketa penggarapan tanah tanpa ijin pemilik tanah di perkebunan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) milik PT Buana Estate Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis status dan kedudukan penggarap di atas tanah perkebunan PT Buana Estate, untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis proses penyelesaian sengketa antara penggarap dan PT Buana Estate. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan socio-legal. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian pustaka dan lapangan di susun secara sistematis dan dianalisi secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status dan kedudukan penggarap di lokasi tanah HGU atas nama PT Buana Estate ada dua macam, yaitu penggarap dengan ijin dan penggarap tanpa ijin (liar). Penggarap di atas tanah HGU Buana Estatse sebagai penggarap dengan ijin (bukan liar) adalah penduduk lokal yang bertempat tinggal disekitar tanah tersebut. Penyelesaian sengketa antara penggarap dengan Buana Estate untuk penggarap lokal (petani lokal/setempat) diselesaikan secara kesepakatan melalui pemberian uang kerohiman. Untuk penggarap liar (tanpa ijin) di selesaikan dengan jalur Pengadilan.
Psychocultural Model of Transcultural Communication
Authors: SHAFIULLAH MOHAMMED 
Published: February 2023

Analysis of the dynamic interplay of philosophical, social and psychological processes informs us about the underlying mechanisms of transcultural communication. The current paper proposes a novel psycho-cultural model based on an understanding of the interplay of cultural and psychological processes in communication between cultures. Analysis of the dynamic interplay of philosophical, social and psychological processes informs us about the underlying mechanisms of transcultural communication.
The Impact of Distance Learning on Academic and Emotional Aspects of Primary School Children
Authors: Capodieci1 Agnese , Galvani Stefania , Nobili Lino , A. Ramenghi Luca , Uccella Sara 
Published: February 2023

To reduce the COVID-19 spread, people have been forced to reduce social interactions and this strategy has also been applied to the school world. Italian schools were closed from February to early June 2020 (and, also, thereafter), and distance learning (DL) was adopted to maintain the teaching process. Concerns about consequences for students' learning and affective wellbeing have been risen. In the hypothesis that DL may have influenced students’ learning, we conducted, starting from November 2020 a screening for learning, reading, writing, and calculating skills in children from grade 1st to 3rd grade, to detect any differences between their performance and normative data. Moreover, a survey was carried out on adults (parents and teachers) close to the children involved in the research, to verify whether the experience of the lockdown may have caused emotional and behavioral changes through a questionnaire addressed to parents and teachers. From the analysis of the results, a general lack of performance in the writing tests emerged, with lower performances in children attending second and third-grade classes. Moreover, a consistent prevalence of children’ malaise was observed by adults close to them during the second pandemic wave, with behavioral manifestations seen by the 69.5% of teachers and by the 54.1% of parents.
The relationship between estrogen and subsequent growth restriction among adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding at menarche
Authors: Nelson Jessie M. , Compton Sarah D. , Farahzad Mina M. , Winfrey Olivia K. , Rosen Monica W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We sought to evaluate the impact of estrogen-containing treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) on subsequent height compared to progesterone-only or non-hormonal treatment when initiated at menarche.

Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of adolescent females aged 10–15 years who presented to an institution-affiliated outpatient, inpatient, or emergency setting for management of HMB within three months of menarche. Growth records over a 2 year period starting at menarche were recorded, and comparisons made among patients treated with 1) estrogen, 2) progesterone, and 3) non-hormonal methods (controls). Groups were compared using bivariate analysis with Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test and linear regression.

Results
In an analysis of 80 patients at 24 months, the mean increase in height from menarche was 6.4 cm among controls (n=54), 7.2 cm among the progesterone-only group (n=10), and 3.8 cm among the estrogen group (n=16). The estrogen group’s increase in height was significantly lower than the control group’s, by a mean of 1.8 cm (p=0.04). Change in height did not differ significantly between the progesterone and control groups (p=0.87). Additionally, for every year younger at menarche, there was 1 fewer cm of growth (change in height) at 24 months after menarche (p<0.002).

Conclusions
Estrogen-containing treatment for HMB initiated within three months of menarche was associated with reduced growth at 24 months compared to progesterone-only or non-hormonal methods. The clinical applicability of the estrogen group’s 1.8 cm absolute reduction in height may have considerable significance for those who are shorter at baseline.
Palladium-catalyzed activation of HnA–AHnbonds (AHn= CH3, NH2, OH, F)
Authors: Moloto Bryan Phuti , Vermeeren Pascal , Tiezza Marco Dalla , Bouwens Tessel , Esterhuysen Catharine , Hamlin Trevor A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have quantum chemically studied activation of HnA–AHnbonds (AHn= CH3, NH2, OH, F) by PdLncatalysts with Ln= no ligand, PH3, (PH3)2, using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA-BLYP/TZ2P. The activation energy associated with the oxidative addition step decreases from H3C–CH3to H2N–NH2to HO–OH to F–F, where the activation of the F–F bond is barrierless. Activation strain and Kohn–Sham molecular orbital analyses reveal that the enhanced reactivity along this series of substrates originates from a combination of (i) reduced activation strain due to a weaker HnA–AHnbond; (ii) decreased Pauli repulsion as a result of a difference in steric shielding of the HnA–AHnbond; and (iii) enhanced backbonding interaction between the occupied 4datomic orbitals of the palladium catalyst and σ* acceptor orbital of the substrate.
Mi is az a családi vállalkozás? – A családi vállalkozások meghatározásának problematikája
Authors: Baros-Tóth Ágnes 
Published: February 2023

A családi vállalkozások gazdasági szerepe és jelentősége vitathatatlan, azonban még nem sikerült pontos adatokkal alátámasztani, hogy egy adott ország gazdaságán belül milyen arányban működnek családi vállalkozások, a GDP hány százalékát állítják elő és a munkaerő hány százalékát alkalmazzák, hogy csak néhány fontos mutatóra hívjuk fel a figyelmet. A családi vállalkozások tudományos kutatása ténylegesen az 1980-as években kezdődött el, és bár az ezzel kapcsolatos kutatás mostanra magas szintű tudományos elismertséget vívott ki magának, még mindig azzal az akadállyal szembesül, hogy a különböző kutatási eredmények összevetése nem mindig lehetséges a szigorú tudományos elvárások mentén az egységesen elfogadott családi vállalkozás definíció hiánya miatt. Külön nehézséget jelent a családi vállalkozások heterogenitása, mert a kis- és középvállalkozásoktól kezdve a nagy multinacionális, tőzsdén jegyzett vállalatokon keresztül mindenféle méretű és tevékenységű vállalkozás azonosítható családi vállalkozásként.
Jelen tanulmány arra vállalkozik, hogy szakirodalmi kutatásra alapozva megvizsgálja, milyen okokra vezethető vissza ez a jelenség. Ehhez a már használatban lévő családi vállalkozás meghatározásokat több szempontrendszer alapján kategorizálja, összegyűjtve a legfontosabb definíciós kritériumokat, majd kísérletet tesz egy saját családi vállalkozás definíció megfogalmazására.
Upaya Pemulihan Aset Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Guna Mengoptimalisasi Kerugian Keuangan Negara
Authors: Karinda Frans Jomar , Kristiawanto Kristiawanto , Ismed Mohamad 
Published: February 2023

Functionalization of criminal law in the context of law enforcement of criminal acts of corruption, both in terms of material criminal law, formal criminal law (criminal procedural law), as well as criminal implementation, still faces obstacles, especially regarding the asset recovery policy of perpetrators of corruption which has implications for execution of payment of replacement money in order to optimize the return of state financial losses. Through the evaluation stage, it is known at this time that the criminal law has not functioned properly in tackling corruption, such as in the case of executing the payment of replacement money, where the prosecutor as the executor often has difficulty in executing the convict's property to be confiscated and auctioned to cover all or the difference in state financial losses that must be paid by the convict. This is due to the fact that the current national law still has many weaknesses that create difficulties for law enforcers in recovering the assets of perpetrators of corruption, especially in terms of confiscation of assets of perpetrators of corruption, so that the return of state financial losses caused by criminal acts of corruption when this is not optimal.Keywords: Asset Recovery; State Financial Losses AbstrakFungsionalisasi hukum pidana dalam rangka penegakan hukum tindak pidana korupsi, baik ditinjau dari sudut hukum pidana materiil, hukum pidana formil (hukum acara pidana), maupun pelaksanaan pidana, masih menghadapi kendala-kendala, terutama berkenaan kebijakan pemulihan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi yang berimplikasi pada pelaksanaan eksekusi pembayaran uang pengganti guna optimalisasi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara. Melalui tahap evaluasi, diketahui saat ini bahwa hukum pidana belum berfungsi dengan baik dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana korupsi, seperti dalam hal mengeksekusi pembayaran uang pengganti, di mana Jaksa sebagai eksekutor sering kali mengalami kesulitan dalam mengeksekusi harta benda terpidana untuk disita dan dilelang guna menutupi seluruh atau selisih kerugian keuangan negara yang harus dibayarkan oleh terpidana. Hal ini disebabkan, bahwa hukum nasional saat ini masih banyak kelemahan-kelemahan yang menimbulkan kesulitan bagi penegak hukum dalam melakukan pemulihan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi, terutama dalam hal perampasan aset pelaku tindak pidana korupsi, sehingga pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara yang diakibatkan tindak pidana korupsi saat ini tidak optimal.Kata Kunci: Pemulihan Aset, Kerugian Keuangan Negara
Implikasi Dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/Puu-Xviii/2020 Terhadap Proses Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia
Authors: Saputro Julianto Dimas , Sinaulan Ramlani Lina , Suganda Atma 
Published: February 2023

Legal certainty is the foundation of a rule of law to clarify legal laws. Despite public debate about Omnibus laws, the Indonesian House of Representatives plenary session adopted the Draft Law on Job Creation in less than a year. The analysis uses descriptive and qualitative methodologies. Descriptive writing analyzes facts by precisely detailing events related to this legislation. This thesis examines the consequences and execution of the Constitutional Court Judgment Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 on the Process of Establishing Legislation in Indonesia, so it applies legal theory and concepts to the Court's decision. Constitution. Dogmatic or doctrinal research follows normative legal research. The Court decided that the Job Creation Law violated the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945) and had no legal authority if "no modifications were made within two (two) years after the judgment was announced". Thus, the Job Creation Law applies until the status quo law is changed. If there is no improvement by the deadline, the Job Creation Law will be ruled unconstitutional permanently and all UUCK-altered or repealed laws would be reinstalled.Keywords: Constitutional Court Decision; Legal certainty; Job Creation Act AbstrakTerlepas dari segala Pro dan kontra masyarakat terhadap konsep Omnibus law, tidak butuh waktu lebih dari satu tahun Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja disahkan dalam sidang paripurna DPR RI. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah metode deskriptif sekaligus kualitatif. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah terkait Implikasi dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 Terhadap Proses Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia sehingga penelitian dan penulisan tesis ini mengaitkan teori hukum dan konsep hukum terkait implikasi dan implementasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Mahkamah menyatakan bahwa UU Cipta Kerja bertentangan dengan UUD NRI 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat sepanjang dimaknai “tidak dilakukan perbaikan dalam waktu 2 (dua) tahun sejak putusan diucapkan. Dalam kata lain, UU Cipta Kerja masih tetap berlaku sampai dengan tenggat waktu perbaikan UU a quo yang telah ditentukan. Apabila hingga tenggat waktu yang diberikan tidak dilakukan perbaikan, maka UU Cipta Kerja dinyatakan inkonstitusional secara permanen dan seluruh Undang-Undang yang diubah dan dicabut oleh UUCK dinyatakan berlaku kembali.Kata Kunci: Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi; Kepastian Hukum; UU Cipta Kerja
Plants as inspiration for material-based sensing and actuation in soft robots and machines
Authors: Speck Thomas , Cheng Tiffany , Klimm Frederike , Menges Achim , Poppinga Simon , Speck Olga , Tahouni Yasaman , Tauber Falk , Thielen Marc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Because plants are considered immobile, they remain underrepresented as concept generators for soft robots and soft machines. However, plants show a great variety of movements exclusively based on elastic deformation of regions within their moving organs. The absence of gliding parts, as found in the joints of vertebrates and insects, prevents stress concentration and attrition. Since plants have no central control unit (brain), stimulus-sensing, decision-making and reaction usually take place noncentrally in the hierarchically structured materials systems of the moving organs, in what can be regarded as an example of physical intelligence. These characteristics make plants interesting models for a new group of soft robots and soft machines that differ fundamentally from those inspired by animals. The potential of such plant-inspired soft robots and machines is shown in six examples and is illustrated by examples applied in architecture and medicine.

Graphical abstract
Effects of Teaching Communication Through Reading, Roleplaying, and Storytelling (TCRS) on English Instruction of High Secondary School Learners
Authors: Dechsubha Thawascha , Kanwivat Somrerk 
Published: February 2023

The purposes of this study were to 1) study the effects of TCRS innovation on English instruction of high secondary school learners on English communication; 2) enhance the ability of English speaking for communication of high secondary school learners; and 3) create a model of teaching English communication through reading, role-playing, and storytelling (TCRS) focusing on English communication. The population in this study consisted of 70 high secondary school learners who took the English course during the second semester of the academic year 2018. Purposive sampling was used to select 35 high secondary school students who took the English course during the 2018 academic year. This was an experimental research design for eight weeks. The research instruments were (1) the questionnaire related to students’ problems with English instruction, (2) classroom observation, (3) semi-structured interview, and (4) English speaking ability test (pretest and posttest). A comparison of mean scores from both the pretest and posttest of English- speaking ability was analyzed by using mean (x), standard deviation (S.D.), and t-test for the dependent. The results of the study showed that (1) the ability of English speaking for communication of learners who had studied English through the TCRS was significantly higher than before the experiment; (2) the posttest scores of learners’ speaking ability were significantly higher than the criterion of 60%; and (3) a model of teaching English communication through reading, role-playing, and storytelling (TCRS) to develop the ability of English speaking for communication of learners was created.
Readiness for Computer-Based English Tests Among College Students in Regional Thailand
Authors: Chaisuriya Arnon 
Published: February 2023

This survey research was conducted to assess Thai regional college students' readiness for taking high-stakes computer-based English tests, which are offered more widely and regularly in the country. The data were collected from 572 university students in five regions. The questionnaire solicited their opinion regarding readiness in terms of computer skills and English language skills. The computer skills included online registration, using a mouse, typing in English, and operating audio equipment. The English skills consisted of reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It was found that although students were less confident in typing, they possessed high computer skills and could operate the testing equipment with ease. However, their readiness in English language skills was only moderate. Consequently, more intensive English language teaching must be organized for students in regional colleges and universities so that they are ready for computer-based English tests.
Correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin levels and total serum bilirubin levels in postnatal period in a tertiary care center
Authors: Shonit Kantroo  , Girish Shakuntal  , Vaibhav K. Gode  
Published: February 2023

Background: Neonatal jaundice is generally a benign condition seen during the postnatal period. The non-invasive methods including transcutaneous bilirubinometry have been developed for assessment of neonatal jaundice, transcutaneous bilirubin TcB) meters noninvasively estimate the bilirubin levels by measuring light transmission through the skin of neonates this value is then to be plotted against a chart in order to look for hyperbilirubinemia. Aim was to determine the efficacy of measuring the transcutaneous bilirubin as a screening tool for clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia.
Methods: Study was a cross sectional study conducted under pediatric department of SMBT IMS and RC at tertiary care center after taking the approval from the ethical committee. Total of 110 neonates that appear to be clinically suffering from neonatal jaundice were considered for study after consent from respective parent/ guardian. Neonatal TCB levels and serum bilirubin levels were done. If bilirubin levels lie in phototherapy range, then baby was shifted to NICU and phototherapy treatment was given, and once levels came within normal range after the phototherapy treatment, again serum bilirubin levels were measured in order to compare pre-and post-treatment levels.
Results: Present study showed male preponderance. 64 were male and 46 were female. Majority 61% were full term normal delivery and 39% were LSCS. Mean TCB level was 8.5±2.8. Statistical significance was seen for TCB and sever hyperbilirubinemia.
Conclusions: Present study concluded that hyperbilirubinemia is commonly seen among males. Newborn delivered had hyperbilirubinemia. Statistical significance was seen between TCB level and severity of the disease. Thus, neonatal TCB levels can be used as a screening test for detecting hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. As TCB is a noninvasive and cost effective it can be used widely as predictor of the disease.