bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for multiple mating by female eastern carpenter bees, Xylocopa virginica (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Duff Lyndon B. , Proulx Alex N.M. , Corbin Lyllian A.-J. , Richards Miriam H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Relatedness within groups is influenced by the mating patterns of founders: the more parents that contribute to a group, the lower the relatedness of their offspring. Xylocopa virginica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is a facultatively social bee in which low relatedness is influenced by sequential maternity. We investigated whether multiple paternity, which would occur if egg-laying females mate multiple times, might also contribute to low relatedness among female nestmates. We used two approaches to investigate how frequently females mate polyandrously. First, we used visual observations of mating behaviour to estimate mating frequencies and to evaluate evidence for temporal variation in female receptivity to mates. Second, we used a data set of microsatellite genotypes to evaluate evidence for multiple paternity based on inferred proportions of full and half sisters. Based on visual observations, we inferred a female mating frequency of 1.1 (harmonic mean). Females were more receptive early in their first nestmate provisioning phase and less receptive in their second brood provisioning phase. Based on microsatellite genotypes analysed with COLONY software, we inferred that 5–44% of female sibships included maternal half sisters, implying female mating frequencies between 1.13 and 1.41 (harmonic means). Thus, multiple mating contributes to the low group relatedness found in Xylocopa virginica.
Soluble TREM-like Transcript-1 Acts as a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern through the TLR4/MD2 Pathway Contributing to Immune Dysregulation during Sepsis
Authors: Chang Chia-Ming , Cheng Kuang-Hua , Wei Tsai-Yin , Lu Meng-Ping , Chen Yi-Chen , Lu Yen-Ta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that elevated plasma levels of platelet-derived soluble TREM-like transcript-1 (sTLT-1) are associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with septic shock. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well defined. This research aimed to study the role of sTLT-1 in mediating immune dysfunction during the development of sepsis. Our study demonstrated that patients with septic shock have significantly higher plasma concentrations of sTLT-1, whereas sTLT-1 is not detectable in healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of sTLT-1 were correlated with the degree of immunosuppressive parameters in monocytes from patients with septic shock. sTLT-1 can first activate monocytes by binding to the TLR4/MD2 complex but subsequently induce immunosuppressive phenotypes in monocytes. Blocking Abs against TLR4 and MD2 led to a significant decrease in sTLT-1–induced activation. Treatment with an anti–TLT-1 Ab also significantly reduces sTLT-1 binding to monocytes and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in a mouse model of endotoxemia. sTLT-1 acts as an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, triggering the activation of monocytes through the TLR4/MD2 complex followed by sustained immune suppression. This process plays a crucial role in the development of sepsis-associated pathophysiology. Our findings outline, to our knowledge, a novel pathway whereby platelets counteract immune dynamics against infection through sTLT-1.
Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of smear layer removal using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, etidronic acid, and chitosan nanoparticle solution as root canal irrigants
Authors: Bajpe Sunheri , Shetty Chitharanjan , Shetty Aditya , Kaur Gurmeen , Saji Shalin Ann , Prabha Chandra 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 17% EDTA, 18% etidronic acid, and 0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution in smear layer removal using SEM image analysis.

Methods:
Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. After biomechanical preparation, the samples were divided into Group I (17% EDTA), Group II (18% etidronic acid), and Group III (0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution) containing 10 samples each. Longitudinal sectioning of the samples was done. The samples were observed under SEM at apical, middle, and coronal levels. The images were scored according to the criteria by Hullsman. Statistical analysis was done, with the significance level set at P < 0.05, and performed with SPSS 16.0 statistical package for Windows.

Results:
Smear layer removal at coronal, middle, and apical thirds was more effective when final irrigation was performed using 0.2% chitosan solution, followed by 17% EDTA. At the apical third, all the irrigants showed poor smear layer removing property, but chitosan showed comparatively better results.

Conclusion:
0.2% chitosan nanoparticle solution was more effective in removing the smear layer when compared to 17% EDTA and 18% etidronic acid irrigants.
An in vitro comparative evaluation of the effect of three intracanal medicaments – chlorhexidine gel, triple antibiotic paste, and calcium hydroxide paste on the push-out bond strength of MTA Plus, Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture
Authors: Datta Gouthami , Raghu Ramya , Shetty Ashish , Manjunath Gautham P , Patel Dishant , Rajasekhara Subhashini 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Caries or traumatic injuries affecting young permanent teeth during root development usually result in an open apex which is highly challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of apical plugs of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) Plus, Biodentine, and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) after premedication with chlorhexidine, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and calcium hydroxide.

Methods:
Fifty-four extracted intact anterior teeth were decoronated and 3 mm was sectioned from the apex. The canals were rendered parallel using #80 K-files and #3, #4 Peeso reamers to mimic an open apex situation. The samples were divided into 3 groups containing 18 samples each for the three intracanal medicaments. After premedication, the samples were stored for 2 weeks at 37°C, following which the canals were cleaned using #80 K-file along with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The samples were further divided into three subgroups, each containing six samples for the three calcium silicate cement used in this study. They were later subjected to push-out bond strength testing.

Results:
Regardless of the type of intracanal medicament used, Biodentine had significantly higher bond strength than MTA Plus and CEM. The highest push-out bond strength results were obtained in samples premedicated with chlorhexidine. Compared to TAP and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2), this value was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, Biodentine showed the highest push-out bond strength as compared to MTA Plus and CEM. Chlorhexidine may be superior to calcium hydroxide and TAP medicaments when used for apexification procedures with calcium silicate cement.
Are P values given more importance than they deserve?
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek , Singla Mamta 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
In many of the scientific reports, the conclusions are based on the P values. The results are dichotomized based on the cutoff of P values. Often, the clinical significance is ignored over statistical significance. The sole dependence on P values can lead to erroneous conclusions. The confidence intervals in turn can provide more useful information. They provide applicability of the data in whole populations. This article provides insight into P values, the null hypothesis, and confidence intervals.
Historical and contemporary reflections on evolutionary concepts that challenge the classification of endo-perio lesions
Authors: Bingham Kristen , Gutmann James L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The so-called endodontic-periodontic lesion or relationship has been a clinical concept that has mystified the dental profession for decades as it relates to accurate, precise diagnoses. It is a typical chicken-before-the-egg type of dilemma imbued with unknowns as to the etiology, interrelationships, and correct procedural management. Attempts have been made over the last 100 years to classify this relationship, with all efforts falling short of ideal in various respects. This article will attempt to provide historical relevance, scientific validity, and some clinical perspectives to this dilemma, including reflections that are encountered daily in contemporary dental practice.
CBCT-Based Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in Fibro Osseous Lesions Using Image Analysis - A Retrospective Radiographic Study
Authors: Jayachandran S , Archana M 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems are frequently used to image bones for research purposes to investigate trabecular and cortical changes in bone disorders. A unique technique that may be used for the early diagnosis of bone lesions is fractal dimension (FD) analysis and bone architecture analysis using CBCT scans.

Aim:
To assess and compare the changes in trabecular bone architecture in fibro-osseous lesions by bone image analysis and FD analysis in CBCT scans of fibro-osseous lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective analysis included the CBCT scans of 25 patients from archival records of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. As per specific exclusion and inclusion criteria, the radiographs were chosen. To establish a noninvasive assessment of the bone structure, CBCT scans were subjected to bone architecture analysis and FD analysis using box-counting (with ImageJ software).

Results and Conclusions:
The FD values and bone parameter values on the affected and the normal side will be recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22. There was a statistically significant difference in the FD values between the normal and abnormal sides in all fibro-osseous lesions. Five parameters in fibrous dysplasia showed a significant statistical difference in comparison to the normal and abnormal sides. It can be concluded that FD analysis provides a novel technique for the early detection of fibro-osseous lesions.
Efficacy of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) in the Management of Oral Candidiasis – A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Gowda Gagana V. , Mamatha G. P , Usha V A , Thimmasetty J , Rajeshwari M R , Annigeri Rajeshwari G. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the mucus membrane, where Candida albicans (C. albicans) is commonly responsible for the infection, especially in immune-compromised patients. Resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs has led clinicians to pay more attention to alternative therapy. Punicalagin, isolated from pomegranate peel, was reported to be effective against C. albicans. This study compares the efficacy of Punica granatum peel extract gel 0.2% with topical clotrimazole in oral candidiasis.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-four oral candidiasis patients aged 20–67 years of either sex were enrolled. The swab samples from the oral lesion were collected for periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and a quantitative analysis of Candida species was carried out. They were randomly divided into two groups. Group I subjects were administered a topical application of P. granatum gel 0.2%. Group II subjects were administered clotrimazole 1%. Both medicaments were administered in the form of a topical gel thrice a day for 14 days. Follow-up was done on the 7th and 14th days.

Results:
Reduction in burning sensation measured with the mean visual analog scale (VAS) score was from 2.0238 to 1.3095 in group I and from 1.4783 to 0.8913 in group II. Reduction in the lesion size from baseline to post-treatment was from 1.652 to 0.781 in group I and from 0.939 to 0.439 in group II. Also, a reduction in candidal colony count from baseline to post-treatment was observed in both groups. The taste and tolerability of punicalagin were acceptable.

Conclusion:

P. granatum 0.2% is safe, well tolerated, and effective for oral candidiasis.
Efficacy of Curcumin in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis - An Intervention Study
Authors: Namratha K , Shenoy Prashanth , Chatra Laxmikanth , Rao Prasanna Kumar , Prabhu Rachana V. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a chronic, inflammatory, and potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity, has been linked to the chewing of arecanuts. Antioxidants and quitting habits ought to both be incorporated into OSMF therapeutic interventions regimens. Current study aimed to determine curcumin’s efficacy as an antioxidant in the management of OSMF.

Materials and Methods:
In this intervention study, 42 participants with OSMF were allocated into three groups. Group A received curcumin; group B received intralesional steroid injections; and group C received neither treatment (placebo group). For three months, groups A and B received twice-daily doses of 400 mg of curcumin each, while group C received twice-daily doses of placebo capsules. Group B also received biweekly intralesional steroid injections of 4 mg/ml of betamethasone. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.

Results:
After receiving interventions, group B patients showed clinically significant improvements in mouth opening. Both Group A and B reported a burning sensation reduction that was statistically significant. Statistically, greater improvement in mouth opening and a decrease in burning sensation were reported in group A.

Conclusion:
When employed as a combination therapy in the initial management of people with OSMF, curcumin can help patients with their clinical symptoms. Future research is recommended to use larger samples and longer treatment follow-up periods.
Post-Processing of Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Sundar Shreenivas , Patil Karthikeya , Mahima V. G. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Panoramic radiography is a routinely advised extraoral radiograph in a dental practice due to its diverse implications in the field of oral and maxillofacial diagnosis. The visibility of normal structures in the panoramic radiographs is of paramount importance as their margins should be delineated clearly from pathological structures that will aid in the correct diagnosis and treatment planning.

Aims and Objective:
The study aimed to compare the subjective image quality of selected anatomical landmarks on CCD-based panoramic images with and without processing. The objective was to highlight the importance of processed images, which are frequent in day-to-day practice.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised 60 subjects with a complete complement of permanent teeth excluding third molars. Selected subjects were clinically examined, and a digital panoramic examination was done. The radiograph obtained was assessed for the subjective image analysis based on the visibility of six major anatomical landmarks using a 3-point scale, and the overall image assessment was done using a 4-point scale. The data was tabulated for statistical analysis.

Results:
Digital panoramic radiographs with post-processing showed superior visibility with regard to the six anatomical landmarks as well as for overall image assessment which was found to be statistically significant (P <.05).

Conclusion:
Post-processing tools such as sharpening and gamma with sharpening were best to visualize anatomical landmarks.
Estimation of Age from Pulp Chamber Volume of First Molars and Second Premolars using CBCT in Central Indian Population
Authors: Sukhadeve Vidyarjan , Sathawane Ramhari , Lanjekar Ashish , Gaikwad Romita , Talatule Dhiran , Tayade Charwak 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Teeth form a suitable parameter for age estimation as they disintegrate very slowly and are impervious to injuries. CBCT imaging not only allows observation of changes within teeth but permits observations of living specimens. Pulp chamber size may show a significant relationship with chronological age.

Aim:
To estimate the age from pulp chamber volume of first molars and second premolars using CBCT and compare it to the actual age.

Materials and Methods:
The current study comprised 115 subjects which were divided into four age groups. DICOM CBCT images were exported to ITK SNAP 3.8 software. Pulp chamber volumes were measured using voxel counting and image segmentation tools.

Results:
Molars predict the age with an accuracy of 55% and 52.1%, whereas premolars predict the age with an accuracy of 35% and 33.4% in males and females, respectively. Discriminant equations are derived for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars irrespective of age groups, age-wise, and gender-wise groups for age estimation.

Conclusion:
Maxillary molars and mandibular premolars are found as strong predictors of age. CBCT imaging has proved as an excellent tool with precision and accuracy and is recommended for use in age estimation.
Evaluation and Management of Oral Complications in Oral Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Amrita , Yadav Satyapal , Jamdade Anshuman S. , Yadav Neeraj K. , Gupta Shashank , Sain Vishnu 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, trismus, radiation caries, osteomyelitis, and osteoradionecrosis are a few examples of radiotherapy (RT) complications, eventually distressing the patient’s life.

Objectives:
To study the oral complications emerging due to RT and evaluate dental management of such complications before, during, and post-RT in oral cancer patients.

Methods:
Patients were evaluated on various parameters, which include the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), D – Decayed, M – Missing due to caries, F – Filled, T – permanent teeth (DMFT) Index, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, and interincisal distance before, during (10th session and last session), and 1 month after the last session of RT were evaluated and compared.

Statistical Analysis:
The following tests were applied: Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and standard deviation method.

Results:

P value <0.001 in OHI-S, PI, GI, DMFT index, mucositis, xerostomia, and dysgeusia, which is statistically significant. There was no difference found statistically in the interincisal distance.

Conclusions:
Oral healthcare team serves a vital role in preventing and managing short- and long-term complications of RT. There should be a mandatory prerequisite to visit an oral physician before, during, and after RT for supportive and palliative oral care.
To Determine Attitude, Comfortability and Challenges Faced by Undergraduate Dental Students During Online Classes
Authors: Arya Lavina , Sikka Neha , Arya Vishal , Prajapat Jyoti 
Published: March 2023

Context:
Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, the education system swiftly shifted to online mode.

Aims:
To understand the attitude, comfortability, challenges, and health issues faced by dental students during online classes.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among dental undergraduate students in Haryana.

Materials and Methods:
A self-designed questionnaire survey form having five sections and 28 questions was used.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The content validity index was 0.88. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for attitude was 0.844, and 0.905 for health issues. Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution were studied.

Results:
The response rate was 94.25%. Most students reported that they find it difficult to concentrate during online classes and strongly agreed that learning is better during offline classes. Practical classes were a bigger challenge in online mode.

Conclusions:
The majority of students preferred offline classes to online classes.
Knowledge and Application of CBCT Imaging amongst the Dental Interns - A Pan India Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jamil Shaheen A. , Manohar Balaji , Vinay S. , Barman Diplina , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Swathi Velvaluri 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Evaluating the level of knowledge and applicative knowledge regarding Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) among interns from various dental institutes in the country.

Materials and Methods:
A Questionnaire with 15 close-ended questions was circulated to 2000 interns from various dental institutes across India. 1154 interns participated in the study. The response rate was 94.8%.

Results:
The majority of the interns (48.6%) gained knowledge regarding CBCT from lectures and faculty seminars while 15.3% through conferences. The maximum knowledge mean score was noted from the central zone (7.66 ± 3.8). Demographic variables did not show any signs of the impact of technical knowledge on the applicative knowledge of the study population.

Conclusion:
This study suggests CBCT be a definitive 3D imaging technology in the maxilla-facial region and awareness regarding the same needs to be increased. There is a need to include CBCT-based information in the undergraduate curriculum to improve knowledge levels.
Assessment of Articular Disc with MRI in Patients with Disc Displacement of Temporo-Mandibular Joint – MRI the Game Changer
Authors: Gavhane Suvarna R. , Kshar Avinash , Byakodi Raghavendra , Paranjpe Arati , Awale Sunil , Shete Manishkumar D. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is considered a complex joint. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a common cause of musculoskeletal pain. At least one TMD symptom is seen in 33% of the population and 3.6% to 7.0% of the population shows significant severity warranting treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is better for the evaluation of disc and adjacent soft-tissue structures compared to cone beam computed tomography. MRI allows articular disc assessment in open and closed mouth positions. MRI has 95% accuracy in the assessment of disc disorders and 93% accuracy for osseous changes.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed with a sample size of 21 patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. MRI findings were noted and compared with clinical findings.

Results:
As per our study, the most common age group is between 20 and 35 years. Of 42 TMJ, 41 joints show disc displacement changes and one TMJ was normal. Disc displacement with reduction is less than disc displacement without reduction. Left TMJ is more affected as disc displacement without reduction, as compared to the right side. Two TMJ were with posterior DD. Four TMJ shows anteromedial and 4 TMJ shows anterolateral DD. Six joints have a subluxation.

Conclusion:
In our study, we found that MRI in TMDs is more reliable and accurate for the diagnosis of DD.
The Degenerative Condylar Change in Temporomandibular Joint Disorder of Iraqi Population and their Variability Based on Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Al-Ghurabi Zainab H. , Al-Hawa Zeena A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
As a multifactorial disorder, temporomandibular joint (TMD) is difficult to diagnose, and multiple factors affect the joint and cause the temporomandibular disorder. Standardization of clinical diagnosis of TMD should be used to reach a definite clinical diagnosis; the condylar bone may degenerate in accordance with these disorders.

Aims:
Evaluate the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and degenerative condylar change (flattening, sclerosis, erosion, and osteophyte).

Materials and Methods:
A prospective study with a study group of 97 TMD patients (total of 194 joints) aged 20 to 50. Patients were sent to cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to assess the degenerative condylar change.

Results:
No association was found between the clinical diagnosis of TMD with osteophyte and sclerosis. While there was a significant association was found between flattening and erosion and clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Disc displacement with reduction was the most frequent TMDs. Erosion and flattening were the most frequent bone change found among the different subgroups of clinical diagnosis. Erosion was frequently seen in degenerative joint disease (DJD) with a significant association. While flattening was mostly found in disc displacement without reduction without limited mouth opening (DDwoR without limited) with a significant association.