bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Exergame Training on Executive Function and Heart Rate Variability in Middle‐Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yu Tzu‐Cheng , Wu Pei‐Tzu , Wu Wen‐Lan , Chang Yu‐Kai , Chiang Che‐Hsien , Chu I‐Hua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExergame has become widely popular and offers great levels of cognitive demands, thus may facilitate cognitive benefits. In addition, researchers have proposed that cardiac autonomic function, assessed via heart rate variability (HRV), is associated with cognitive executive function. However, few exergame training studies have investigated this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 10‐week exergame training on executive function and HRV in middle‐aged and older adults. Ninety‐one participants were randomly assigned to either an exergame training group (63.73 ± 4.48 years) or a control group (62.46 ± 4.77 years). The training program was 50 min per session, twice per week for 10 weeks. The control group was instructed to maintain their usual lifestyle. All participants completed questionnaires and received assessments of executive functions and electrocardiography at baseline and postintervention. Results revealed significant group‐by‐time interaction effects for the three indices of the digit span test and the total initiation time of the Tower of London task with better postintervention performances achieved by the exergame group. The 6 min walk test also improved significantly in the exergame group but not in the control group. No significant change in HRV was observed for both groups. There were significant correlations between HRV and digit span test scores. Our results suggest that the 10‐week exergame training program was effective in improving executive functions of working memory, inhibitory control, and planning ability as well as aerobic fitness in middle‐aged and older adults. Moreover, HRV was associated with improved executive function.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Moist Versus Non‐Moist Dressings for Split‐Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ho Chun‐Yee , Chou Hsuan‐Yu , Wang Szu‐Han , Lan Ching‐Yu , Shyu Victor Bong‐Hang , Chen Chih‐Hao , Tsai Chia‐Hsuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluate the efficacy of moist versus non‐moist dressings for split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites, focusing on time to healing, pain management, and adverse events to guide clinical practice.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including Ovid/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus up to November 28, 2023. The study adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed for quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool, with meta‐analysis performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects model.ResultsOut of 464 identified studies, 16 RCTs involving 1129 patients were included. Moist dressings such as Tegaderm, Hydrocolloid, Alginate, polyurethane, and hydrofiber showed a faster mean time to healing compared to non‐moist dressings like Mepitel and paraffin‐impregnated gauze. Hydrocolloid dressings were particularly effective in accelerating wound healing. Additionally, moist dressings were associated with lower pain levels during dressing removal and had comparable rates of adverse events.ConclusionThe evidence strongly supports the use of moist dressings, particularly Hydrocolloid, for STSG donor site coverage. These dressings promote faster healing and superior pain management. The study highlights the need for further research to address existing limitations and refine recommendations for optimal wound care interventions.
Decoding the Hysteretic Behaviour of Hydraulic Variables in Lowland Rivers Using Multivariate Monitoring Approaches
Authors: Muste Marian , Kim Kyeongdong , Kim Dongsu , Fleit Gábor 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper demonstrates that the multivariate monitoring methods are capable to underpin the systematic investigation of the hysteretic behaviour occurring during gradually‐varied flows. For this purpose, we present simultaneous measurements of stage, index velocity and free‐surface slope acquired continuously with high‐frequency sampling instruments deployed at several river gaging sites exposed to different storm magnitudes. The experimental evidence reveals intrinsic features of unsteady open‐channel flow mechanics that are hinted by pertinent governing equations but rarely substantiated with in situ measurements. The illustrations are intentionally made for fluvial waves propagating in lowland rivers where the relationships among flow variables are most likely displaying hysteretic phasing in the progression of the hydraulic variables and loops in their relationships. The presented measurements highlight that: (a) the hysteretic behaviour is apparent in both time‐independent and time‐dependent graphical representations of any two of the hydraulic variables; (b) the severity of the hysteresis is commensurate with the geomorphic, hydraulic and hydrological characteristics of the measurement site; and (c) there are flow monitoring paradigms that can more accurately track changes of the flow variables during gradually‐varied flows than those currently used in practice. Also discussed are research needs for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the lowland river environments as well as for increasing the accuracy of streamflow monitoring, modelling and forecasting.
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Authors: Liu Jidong , Gan Haibo , Hao Qiaoyan , Zeng Yonghong , Gong Youning , Zhu Jiaqi , Huang Jiarui , Liu Fei , Zhang Wenjing 
Published: January 2025

2D NbS; photodetector exhibits outstanding dual‐band detection performances by switching the polarization angle of the incident light from 0 to 90”.
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Authors: Ligani Fereja Shemsu , Mehmood Andleeb , Ji Qianqian , Raza Waseem , Hussen Ahmed , Hu Jie , Zhai Shuo , Cai Xingke 
Published: January 2025

The cover image showcases the application of a cutting‐edge two‐dimensional material in the electrocatalytic direct seawater splitting process. The central figure depicts an electrode made from this two‐dimensional material, featuring easily accessible active sites that symbolize its high efficiency in seawater splitting. The surrounding gradient of green indicates the flow of seawater, while the light spheres around the electrode represent the bubbles of water molecules. The light blue and orange spheres signify the hydrogen and oxygen produced during the electrocatalytic process. The overall design emphasizes the crucial role of two‐dimensional materials in advancing seawater splitting technology, suggesting potential for future sustainable energy production.
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Compensating the Meniscus Effect in Phase Contrast Microscopy Using an LCD for Adaptive Condenser Annulus Shifting
Authors: Nienhaus Florian , Burkhardt Finn , König Niels , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe meniscus effect in cell culture vessels limits the observable areas with phase contrast microscopy. For meniscus effect compensation in microtiter plates (MTPs), we present a method using an LCD to replace the fixed condenser annulus, which enables adaptive annulus shifting based on image analysis. This approach led to an increase in phase contrast area by a factor of 8.3. Utilizing a standard phase contrast microscope, we substituted the static condenser annulus with a transparent LCD that displays an adaptive annulus, which can be repositioned to counteract meniscus‐induced refraction across an entire MTP‐24 well. We developed image analysis using Bertrand lens images to determine the misalignment between annulus center and phase ring, enabling the calculation of the required annulus shift. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this image analysis technique. The detected shift was translated into new LCD settings through a linear regression model to ensure proper alignment for the following image. We proved that an algorithm based on background brightness yields a reliable metric for assessing phase contrast conditions within well‐plates. The proposed approach substantially increased the phase contrast area in 24‐well MTPs at 10× magnification from 5.0% with conventional microscopy to 41.9%, thereby restoring phase contrast conditions throughout the well, except near the edges.
Brain penetration of peripheral extracellular vesicles from Alzheimer's patients and induction of microglia activation
Authors: Counil Hermine , Silva Rummenigge Oliveira , Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Zaouter Charlotte , Haddad Mohamed , Ben Khedher Mohamed Raâfet , Brambilla Davide , Fülöp Tamas , Patten Shunmoogum A. , Ramassamy Charles 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative pathology. Brain‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been demonstrated to be implicated in AD pathogenesis by facilitating the propagation of Tau, amyloid‐β and inflammatory cytokines. However, the impact of peripheral EVs (pEVs) in AD pathogenesis remains poorly investigated. The objective of our study was to compare the passage of pEVs from adults, cognitively healthy elderly, and AD patients through the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), to evaluate their uptake in the brain and to assess their impact on the microglia activity using in vitro and in vivo models. To this end, pEVs were enriched, characterized, and fluorescently labelled. The passage of pEVs through the endothelial bEnd.3 cells was studied in a Transwell device with either neuronal or microglia cells seeded at the bottom of the well. Following the internalization of pEVs from AD patients, microglia adopted an amoeboid morphology and released a heightened level of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6. To further assess their in vivo transport across the BBB, pEVs were injected into the blood circulation of 2‐days post‐fertilization Tg(flk1:EGFP) zebrafish. The biodistribution of pEVs was monitored at 1 and 24 h post‐injection using confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that pEVs traverse the BBB by transcytosis and subsequently diffuse progressively into the brain. pEVs were then internalized by neuronal and radial glial cells as seen in Tg(huc:EGFP) and Tg(gfap:EGFP) zebrafish, respectively. Additional experiments were performed with the intrahippocampal injection of pEVs in the mouse, indicating their spreading throughout the brain and their uptake by neuronal and glial cells. These findings contribute to novel insights into the fate of pEVs following their passage through the BBB in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate for the first time that pEVs from AD patients affect microglia activity. This suggests a potential mechanism through which peripheral tissue cues may contribute to AD pathogenesis.
Upwelling of cold water in the South Yellow Sea alleviates phosphorus and silicon limitations
Authors: Chen Xiaona , Mi Tiezhu , Yu Zhigang , Yang Fuxia , Wang Ke , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yinan , Yuan Liping , Yao Qingzhen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUpwelling in the South Yellow Sea is a phenomenon that plays an important role in nutrient transport and biological productivity. Based on remote sensing data from 2000 to 2022 and in situ observations from 2012 to 2022, we investigated the interannual variability of cold‐water mass frontal upwelling and its contribution to the transport of nutrients in the South Yellow Sea. The results showed that the upwelling positions during summer were consistent with the fronts of the cold‐water masses. The influence of upwelling on nutrient distribution and transport varied interannually, and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation during winter might influence the intensity of summer frontal upwelling by modulating summer winds. Nutrient fluxes via upwelling from 2012 to 2022 were estimated: 0.08 × 108–25.9 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.003 × 108–0.67 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved inorganic phosphate, and 0.12 × 108–40.8 × 108 mol month−1 of dissolved silicate. Nutrient fluxes during summer were comparable to the summer inputs from the Changjiang River. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen/dissolved inorganic phosphate ratio in frontal upwelling decreased from 38.6 in 2012 to 20.0 in 2022, and the dissolved silicate/dissolved inorganic nitrogen ratio increased from 0.93 in 2012 to 2.48 in 2022. Nutrient composition and fluxes carried by upwelling can alleviate the limitations of both phosphorus and silicon in the South Yellow Sea. Upwelling nutrients in the frontal zone of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass could promote local phytoplankton growth and contribute to the development of Ulva prolifera.
Novel vaccine strategies to induce respiratory mucosal immunity: advances and implications
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xiao Haiqin , Yang Xinyi , Cheng Tong , Yuan Lunzhi , Xia Ningshao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRapid advances in vaccine technology are becoming increasingly important in tackling global health crises caused by respiratory virus infections. While traditional vaccines, primarily administered by intramuscular injection, have proven effective, they often fail to provide the broad upper respiratory tract mucosal immunity, which is urgently needed for first‐line control of respiratory viral infections. Furthermore, traditional intramuscular vaccines may not adequately address the immune escape of emerging virus variants. In contrast, respiratory mucosal vaccines developed using the body's mucosal immune response mechanism can simultaneously establish both systemic and mucosal immunity. This dual action effectively allows the respiratory mucosal immune system to function as the first line of defense, preventing infections at the entry points. This review highlights the efficacy of respiratory mucosal vaccines, including innovative delivery methods such as nasal and oral formulations, in enhancing local and systemic immune barriers. Notably, respiratory mucosal vaccines offer potential advantages in protecting against emerging virus variants and maintaining long‐term and multidimensional immune memory in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, a combination of intramuscular and respiratory mucosal delivery of vaccines largely improves their coverage and effectiveness, providing valuable insights for future vaccine development and public inoculation strategies.
Data‐driven prediction of phase formation in graphene–metal systems based on phase diagram insights
Authors: Chen Leilei , Li Changheng , Xu Kai , Zhou Ruonan , Lou Ming , Du Yujie , Music Denis , Chang Keke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGraphene–metal (G‐M) composites have attracted tremendous interests due to their promising applications in electronics, optics, energy‐storage devices and nano‐electromechanical systems. Especially, phase formations of graphene combined with different metals are considered valuable for discovering and designing advanced G‐M composites. However, the phase formations in G‐M systems have rarely been systematically described since graphene was first extracted from graphite in 2004. Here, we propose a data‐driven approach to predict the phase formations in G‐M systems leveraging G‐M binary phase diagrams, which were established using the calculation of phase diagrams method. Phase relationships obtained from G‐M phase diagrams of 34 systems and formation enthalpies of corresponding carbides were employed as the training dataset in a machine learning model to further predict the phase formations in additional 13 G‐M systems. Phase formation predictions achieved an accuracy of 87.5% in the test dataset. Three distinct phase formations were characterised in G‐M systems. Finally, we propose a general phase formation rule in the G‐M systems: metals with smaller atomic numbers in the same period are more likely to form secondary solutions with graphene.
Hierarchical Porous Ovalbumine‐Chitosan Cryogel: Structural Dynamics in Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy
Authors: Serin Merih , Çalışkan Murat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTemperature‐dependent A.C. conductivity and dielectric behavior of the Ovalbumin (OVA)‐chitosan‐n (n‐butanol) cryogel as the natural polymer‐based hierarchical porous scaffold sample, fabricated by cryogelation/phase separation method, was examined in the frequency range 0.1 Hz–20 MHz and within a temperature range of 293–373 K using Novocontrol Alpha‐A high‐resolution dielectric, conductivity, and impedance analyzer. The frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric behavior are explained by the polarization mechanisms in the structure. It was found that the dielectric constant of the samples at heating has higher values than their dielectric constant at cooling. This indicates that the samples need annealing to remove the solvent residue present in their structure. Jonscher's power law fitting has been used to verify our experimental data of conductivity spectra. The nature of variation of exponent (s) obtained from the fitting follows the correlated barrier hopping (CBH), as the predominant conduction mechanism in the sample where the s is found strongly temperature dependent, was observed for the A.C. conductivity σac. According to the impedance data simulation, the system's dielectric behavior can be accurately represented using a parallel RC electrical equivalent circuit. The fittings of the experimental results were performed using equivalent circuits.
Antifungal Potency of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Marine Diatoms Against Multidrug‐Resistant Candida auris and Pichia kudriavzevii
Authors: Jain Kusum , Mishra Bharti , Tiwari Archana , Siddiqui Sharf Ilahi , Areeshi Mohammed Yahya , Haque Shafiul , Chowdhary Anuradha , Kaur Hardeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCandida auris and Pichia kudriavzevii are emerging multidrug‐resistant fungal pathogens that pose a significant threat to public health. The limited efficacy of conventional antifungals against these species has prompted the development of novel antifungal compounds. In recent years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using marine diatoms have held promise as potent antifungal agents. In this study, three marine diatom species (Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema spp., and Thalassiosira spp.) were utilized for the biosynthesis of AgNPs (Ag‐DE/NPs). The biosynthesis was confirmed by a color change of the culture from colorless to brown and further validated by UV–vis spectroscopy, showing distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks at 425, 430, and 440 nm, respectively. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, DLS, and SEM revealed the functionalized nature, crystalline structure, particle size, and surface morphology of the Ag‐DE/NPs. The antifungal efficacy of these AgNPs was evaluated against 20 clinical isolates and 2 reference strains of C. auris and P. kudriavzevii, which exhibited high resistance to fluconazole. AgNPs synthesized from Chaetoceros spp. displayed the lowest geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (0.23 µg/mL for C. auris and 0.19 µg/mL for P. kudriavzevii), showing a >250‐fold greater potency compared to fluconazole and comparable efficacy to amphotericin B. Growth curve analysis and sorbitol supplementation assays indicated that Ag‐DE/NPs disrupt fungal cell walls, while SEM imaging and ergosterol quantitation confirmed membrane damage and sterol depletion. These findings underscore the potential of Ag‐DE/NPs, particularly those synthesized from Chaetoceros spp., as promising candidates for combating drug‐resistant fungal infections.
Guar Gum Hydrogel as a Biosorbent for Cd(II) and Cu(II) Ions: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Insights
Authors: Mubark Amal E. , Zaki Elsayed G. , Hakem Habiba A. , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. , Elsaeed Shimaa M. , Elkelish Amr 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe effectiveness of modified guar gum (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) as a Cd(II) and Cu(II) adsorbent in aquatic media was investigated. Synthesis of modified guar gum based on copolymerization with 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid and acrylamide in presence of methylene bis‐acrylamide as a cross linker and in the form of hydrogel adsorbent. Various analytical techniques were employed to describe the surface morphology of the modified adsorbent. Adsorption tests were carried out under different conditions of adsorbent dose (10–50 mg), Cd(II) and Cu(II) initial concentration (25–150 mg/L), pH (1.0–7.0), temperature (∼25–55 °C), and time (∼15–120 min). The maximum uptakes (88 and 82 mg/g) were achieved at pH 6.0 and 5.0 for cadmium (II) and copper (II) ions, respectively. For both metal ions, the kinetics data for the adsorption process obeyed a pseudo second‐order rate equation (R2 = 0.9814 and 0.9845, respectively). The adsorption isotherm data were described using 3 models. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S), and Gibbs free energy (∆G) changes were calculated. Cadmium and copper ions adsorption on modified guar gum was discovered to be endothermic and non‐spontaneous. For both metal ions, 5 M HCl and 1 M EDTA were utilized as de‐sorbents, with the latter having a higher desorption efficiency. The prepared hydrogel was proved as an effective promising adsorbent at capturing cadmium and copper ions from laboratory wastewaters and it could be used for further treatment of other effluent wastes.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, DFT, ADMET, and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of New 2‐Substituted‐5‐(methyl/ethylsulfonyl)benzoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Faydali Nagihan , Erol Meryem , Arpaci Ozlem Temiz , Kuyucuklu Gulcan , Salan Alparslan Semih 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of 30 original 5‐methyl/ethylsulfonyl‐2‐(4‐(4‐substituted piperazine/piperidine)acetamido)phenylbenzoxazole derivatives were investigated. The structures of the final compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Then, all the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, C. albicans ATCC 10231, and their drug‐resistant isolates by applying MIC analyses using ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, and fluconazole as standards. Microbiological results showed that N17, N18, N20, N25–N28, and N30–N32 exhibited activity against VREF at 32 µg/mL, comparable to ampicillin and vancomycin. The interactions of the compounds on the DNA gyrase enzyme were evaluated by molecular docking (PDB: 4KTN). Using DFT/B3LYP theory and the 6‐311G(d,p) basis set, HOMO–LUMO orbital energies and other electronic characteristics obtained from these energies and MEP analysis were carried out. These results were then correlated with experimental data. Furthermore, computational prediction was performed to predict the in silico ADMET properties of all compounds.