bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Method for Identifying the Dominant Meteorological Factors of Atmospheric Evaporative Demand in Mid‐Long Term
Authors: Liu Saiyan , Xie Yangyang , Fang Hongyuan , Xu Pengcheng , Du Huihua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo better understand the changes in the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the context of global warming, the anomaly contribution analysis is presented to estimate mid‐long term contributions of meteorological factors to the AED. The Pearson correlation coefficient (RP) between the total contribution (ψ) of meteorological factors and the relative variation (ϕ) of the AED, and the Sen's trend slope (βS) of (ϕ, ψ) scatters are used to evaluate the applicability of the method. The smaller the values of |1 − RP| and |1 − βS|, the more applicable the method is. To validate the method, the reference crop evapotranspiration is employed as a proxy for the AED. The multi‐year contribution analysis is used as a comparison approach, which can only investigate the dominant meteorological factors of the AED in long term. Moreover, the Huaihe River basin of China is taken as a case study. Results show that (a) the values of |1 − RP| and |1 − βS| in mid‐long term are less than 0.1 in most cases when applying the anomaly contribution analysis, and the mid‐long term contribution processes of meteorological factors to the AED are clearly demonstrated; and (b) the wind speed and sunshine hours are the two most dominant factors (the total absolute contribution exceeds 60%) in long term, but they are not always the dominant factors in mid‐long term (e.g., wind speed in summer, and sunshine hours in winter). Therefore, the anomaly contribution analysis is a reasonable and effective method, which can help to gain insights into the changes in the AED.
A Physically‐Based Reverse‐Stage Routing Model Considering Lateral Flow for Establishing Normal Rating Curves at Ungauged Upstream River Sections
Authors: Pati Ashutosh , Sahoo Bhabagrahi , Perumal Muthiah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany of the world‐rivers are often ungauged or poorly gauged due to inadequate streamflow monitoring networks. Even with the limited available monitoring stations, only a few of them monitor both stage and discharge data. But when there is a need for estimation of discharges at a gauging station, where only stage data is monitored, one may employ a reverse routing technique using the stage data monitored at a nearby downstream gauging station. This study develops a novel single‐parameter reverse‐stage routing (RSR) model based on the second‐order approximate water surface gradient governing equation to estimate stage and discharge at any scantily‐gauged upstream river section using the known stage information available at the downstream section. A novel criterion is also developed for checking the applicability of the RSR model. Reverse routing experiments, carried out by the RSR model using different hypothetical downstream stage hydrographs in a number of hypothetical trapezoidal and rectangular channel reaches to reproduce the benchmark upstream stage and discharge hydrographs, demonstrate the good performance of the RSR model with the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency >98%, absolute volume conservation error <1.5%, and an absolute error in peak ≤1%. Subsequently, the RSR model was tested for three real‐river case studies in India and Italy with good reproduction performances, and along with the development of the corresponding normal rating curves at the upstream river sections. The study results reveal that the parsimonious RSR model has good potential for solving reverse routing problems with stable numerical solutions for rivers under ungauged and scantily‐gauged scenarios.
Slab Tearing Underneath the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
Authors: Parera‐Portell J. A. , Mancilla F. D. L. , Almendros J. , Morales J. , Stich D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe conduct a P‐wave receiver function analysis of the Bransfield Strait (West Antarctica) to determine the lithospheric structure of this back‐arc basin, thanks to 31 temporary and permanent stations. Our main finding is a 15 km tear of the Phoenix slab, coinciding with the location of the 2020–2021 Orca earthquake swarm's epicenters. Teleseismic wave modeling reveals that the two major earthquakes occurred at the base of the crust, suggesting that the swarm could have been triggered by active underplating driven by mantle flow through the slab tear. There is evidence for such an underplating layer at least under Deception Island and for a widespread low velocity zone in the mantle wedge probably undergoing partial melting. We found average crustal thickness (30.5 ± 1.0 km) and Vp/Vs (1.81 ± 0.04) values close to average extended continental crust, although results in the South Shetland Islands are significantly more heterogeneous than in the Antarctic Peninsula.
Magnetic Proxy of Eurasian Loess Revealing Enhanced Physical Erosion Since the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Ning Wenxiao , Zan Jinbo , Heller Friedrich , Fang Xiaomin , Zhang Yuao , Zhang Weilin , Kang Jian , Shen Miaomiao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEolian loess deposits contain valuable information about past climate changes and erosion history in dust source regions. In contrast to the extensive investigations of paleoclimatic implications of Eurasian loess, continental erosion information in the loess deposits has received less attention, particularly on the global or hemispheric scales. The present study combines citrate‐bicarbonate‐dithionite (CBD) magnetic mineral extraction procedures and linear regression of magnetic parameters to analyze Eurasian loess. We find that lithogenic susceptibility of Quaternary loess deposits in Central Asia, Europe and the Chinese Loess Plateau shows synchronous long‐term increases since ∼0.6–0.5 Ma, suggesting intensive glacial erosion and/or river incision to have occurred in the surrounding mountains of dust source regions after the mid‐Pleistocene climate Transition. The dramatic increase in lithogenic susceptibility of Eurasian loess provides new insights into the close relationships between global climate changes and dust source erosion since the late Cenozoic.
Uncertainty of Low‐Degree Space Gravimetry Observations: Surface Processes Versus Earth's Core Signal
Authors: Lecomte Hugo , Rosat Séverine , Mandea Mioara , Boy Jean‐Paul , Pfeffer Julia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpace gravity measurements have been mainly used to study the temporal mass variations at the Earth's surface and within the mantle. Nevertheless, mass variations due to the Earth's core might be observable in the gravity field variations as measured by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On satellites. Earth's core dynamical processes inferred from geomagnetic field measurements are characterized by large‐scale patterns associated with low spherical harmonic degrees of the potential fields. To study these processes, the use of large spatial and inter‐annual temporal filters is needed. To access gravity variations related to the Earth's core, surface effects must be corrected, including hydrological, oceanic or atmospheric loading (Newtonian attraction and mass redistribution). However, these corrections for surface processes add errors to the estimates of the residual gravity field variations enclosing deep Earth's signals. As our goal is to evaluate the possibility to detect signals of core origin embedded in the residual gravity field variations, a quantification of the uncertainty associated with gravity field products and geophysical models used to minimize the surface process signatures is necessary. Here, we estimate the dispersion for GRACE solutions as about 0.34 cm of equivalent water height (EWH) or 20% of the total signal. Uncertainty for hydrological models is as large as 0.89–2.10 cm of EWH. We provide estimates of Earth's core signals whose amplitudes are compared with GRACE gravity field residuals and uncertainties. The results presented here underline how challenging is to get new information about the dynamics of the Earth's core via high‐resolution, high‐accuracy gravity data.
Anomalous Nutricline Drives Marked Biogeochemical Contrasts During the Kuroshio Large Meander
Authors: Hayashida Hakase , Kiss Andrew E. , Miyama Toru , Miyazawa Yasumasa , Yasunaka Sayaka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe large meander (LM) of the Kuroshio western boundary current is well known to influence the local climate, fisheries, and aquaculture by greatly modulating regional heat transport, but its impact on biogeochemical processes remains unclear. Using a high‐resolution numerical ocean model and long‐term observational datasets, we show that the path of the Kuroshio south of Japan determines the extent of the shallow nutricline region, where winter convective mixing replenishes nutrient availability for subsequent blooms of phytoplankton during spring. During the LM phase, this mechanism triggers offshore phytoplankton blooms that can be twice as strong as those during the non‐large meander phase. In contrast, spring blooms are weaker in the nearshore region where the nutricline depth is deeper, which reduces the nutrient supply by winter convective mixing during the LM. The LM also modulates the spatial distributions of primary production, air‐sea carbon flux, and export production. Hence, the Kuroshio path variability has broader implications for marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. The biogeochemical impacts of the Kuroshio LM exert bottom‐up control on regional marine ecosystems that may be disproportionate to its thermal effect, and therefore need to be assessed to understand the LM's overall impacts on fisheries and aquaculture.
Associations between diet composition, dietary pattern, and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Cheung H. C. , Strodl E. , Musial J. , MacLaughlin H. L. , Byrnes A. , Lewis C-A. , Ross L. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Literature describing the impact of dietary intake on weight outcomes after bariatric surgery has not been synthesized. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding any association between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery.

Methods
CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for adult studies up to June 2021 that assessed any association between dietary intakes (≥1-macronutrient, food group, or dietary pattern) and weight outcomes at 12-months or longer after bariatric surgery. Risk of bias and quality assessments were conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklists and the NHMRC’s Level of Evidence and Grades for Recommendations. Study findings were presented according to the time of post-surgery dietary intake assessment (≤12months, between 12 and 24 months, ≥24months).

Results
5923 articles were identified, 260 were retrieved for full text screening, and 36 were eligible for inclusion (9 interventional including five randomized-controlled trials, and 27 observational cohort studies; sample sizes: 20–1610; total sample: 5065; follow-up periods: 1 year–12 years; level of evidence: II to IV, risk of bias: low to high). Findings on the association between long-term weight outcomes and dietary composition up to 24-months were mixed. After 24-months, studies consistently suggested no significant associations between weight loss and macronutrient composition or core food group patterns, or between carbohydrate, protein or food group patterns and weight recurrence. A single cohort study reported a weak association between diet quality score and weight-recurrence after 24-months.

Conclusion
There was no strong evidence to support significant associations between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. The heterogeneity in study design and quality may reduce generalizability to external populations. Individualized dietary recommendations may be useful to support long-term post-surgery weight outcomes. More studies are needed to define and measure diet quality in this patient cohort.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42021264120)
Metalens and microtaper spectrometers on a fingertip
Authors: Zheng Peixia , Zhang Xuan , Liu Hong-Chao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA multi-foci metalens and a leaky-mode microtaper provide innovative platforms to achieve high-resolution, wideband light spectra in millimeter-sized devices, thereby paving new ways for the commercialization of on-fingertip spectrometers.
Age-related vulnerability of the human brain connectome
Authors: Filippi Massimo , Cividini Camilla , Basaia Silvia , Spinelli Edoardo G. , Castelnovo Veronica , Leocadi Michela , Canu Elisa , Agosta Federica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultifactorial models integrating brain variables at multiple scales are warranted to investigate aging and its relationship with neurodegeneration. Our aim was to evaluate how aging affects functional connectivity of pivotal regions of the human brain connectome (i.e., hubs), which represent potential vulnerability ‘stations’ to aging, and whether such effects influence the functional and structural changes of the whole brain. We combined the information of the functional connectome vulnerability, studied through an innovative graph-analysis approach (stepwise functional connectivity), with brain cortical thinning in aging. Using data from 128 cognitively normal participants (aged 20–85 years), we firstly investigated the topological functional network organization in the optimal healthy condition (i.e., young adults) and observed that fronto-temporo-parietal hubs showed a highly direct functional connectivity with themselves and among each other, while occipital hubs showed a direct functional connectivity within occipital regions and sensorimotor areas. Subsequently, we modeled cortical thickness changes over lifespan, revealing that fronto-temporo-parietal hubs were among the brain regions that changed the most, whereas occipital hubs showed a quite spared cortical thickness across ages. Finally, we found that cortical regions highly functionally linked to the fronto-temporo-parietal hubs in healthy adults were characterized by the greatest cortical thinning along the lifespan, demonstrating that the topology and geometry of hub functional connectome govern the region-specific structural alterations of the brain regions.
Neural mechanisms of emotional health in traumatic brain injury patients undergoing rTMS treatment
Authors: Sultana Tajwar , Hasan Muhammad Abul , Kang Xiaojian , Liou-Johnson Victoria , Adamson Maheen Mausoof , Razi Adeel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEmotional dysregulation such as that seen in depression, are a long-term consequence of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), that can be improved by using neuromodulation treatments such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Previous studies provide insights into the changes in functional connectivity related to general emotional health after the application of rTMS procedures in patients with TBI. However, these studies provide little understanding of the underlying neuronal mechanisms that drive the improvement of the emotional health in these patients. The current study focuses on inferring the effective (causal) connectivity changes and their association with emotional health, after rTMS treatment of cognitive problems in TBI patients (N = 32). Specifically, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together with spectral dynamic causal model (spDCM) to investigate changes in brain effective connectivity, before and after the application of high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We investigated the effective connectivity of the cortico-limbic network comprised of 11 regions of interest (ROIs) which are part of the default mode, salience, and executive control networks, known to be implicated in emotional processing. The results indicate that overall, among extrinsic connections, the strength of excitatory connections decreased while that of inhibitory connections increased after the neuromodulation. The cardinal region in the analysis was dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) which is considered to be the most influenced during emotional health disorders. Our findings implicate the altered connectivity of dACC with left anterior insula and medial prefrontal cortex, after the application of rTMS, as a potential neural mechanism underlying improvement of emotional health. Our investigation highlights the importance of these brain regions as treatment targets in emotional processing in TBI.
Incubator-based active noise control device: comparison to ear covers and noise reduction zone quantification
Authors: Hutchinson George M. , Wilson Preston S. , Sommerfeldt Scott , Ahmad Kaashif 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Noise exposure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is consistently higher than current recommendations. This may adversely affect neonatal sleep, weight gain, and overall health. We sought to evaluate the effect of a novel active noise control (ANC) system.

Methods
An ANC device’s noise reduction performance was compared to that of adhesively affixed foam ear covers in response to alarm and voice sounds in a simulated NICU environment. The zone of noise reduction of the ANC device was quantified with the same set of alarm and voice sounds.

Results
The ANC device provided greater noise reduction than the ear covers in seven of the eight sound sequences tested in which a noise reduction greater than the just noticeable difference was achieved. For noise in the 500 Hz octave band, the ANC device exhibited consistent noise reduction throughout expected patient positions. It provided better performance for noise below 1000 Hz than above 1000 Hz.

Conclusions
The ANC device provided generally superior noise reduction to the ear covers and provided a zone of noise reduction throughout the range where an infant would be placed within an incubator. Implications for patient sleep and weight gain are discussed.

Impact

Active noise control device can effectively reduce noise inside an infant incubator due to bedside device alarms.

This is the first analysis of an incubator-based active noise control device and comparison to adhesively affixed silicone ear covers.

A non-contact noise reduction device may be an appropriate means of reducing noise exposure of the hospitalized preterm infant.
Early maturation and hyperexcitability is a shared phenotype of cortical neurons derived from different ASD-associated mutations
Authors: Hussein Yara , Tripathi Utkarsh , Choudhary Ashwani , Nayak Ritu , Peles David , Rosh Idan , Rabinski Tatiana , Djamus Jose , Vatine Gad David , Spiegel Ronen , Garin-Shkolnik Tali , Stern Shani 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized mainly by social and sensory-motor abnormal and repetitive behavior patterns. Over hundreds of genes and thousands of genetic variants were reported to be highly penetrant and causative of ASD. Many of these mutations cause comorbidities such as epilepsy and intellectual disabilities (ID). In this study, we measured cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with four mutations in the genesGRIN2B,SHANK3,UBTF, as well as chromosomal duplication in the 7q11.23 region and compared them to neurons derived from a first-degree relative without the mutation. Using a whole-cell patch-clamp, we observed that the mutant cortical neurons demonstrated hyperexcitability and early maturation compared to control lines. These changes were characterized by increased sodium currents, increased amplitude and rate of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), and more evoked action potentials in response to current stimulation in early-stage cell development (3–5 weeks post differentiation). These changes that appeared in all the different mutant lines, together with previously reported data, indicate that an early maturation and hyperexcitability may be a convergent phenotype of ASD cortical neurons.
A human leukocyte antigen imputation study uncovers possible genetic interplay between gut inflammatory processes and autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Lombardi Laura , Le Clerc Sigrid , Wu Ching-Lien , Bouassida Jihène , Boukouaci Wahid , Sugusabesan Sobika , Richard Jean-Romain , Lajnef Mohamed , Tison Maxime , Le Corvoisier Philippe , Barau Caroline , Banaschewski Tobias , Holt Rosemary , Durston Sarah , Persico Antonio M. , Oakley Bethany , Loth Eva , Buitelaar Jan , Murphy Declan , Leboyer Marion , Zagury Jean-François , Tamouza Ryad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions that are for subsets of individuals, underpinned by dysregulated immune processes, including inflammation, autoimmunity, and dysbiosis. Consequently, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-hosted human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been implicated in ASD risk, although seldom investigated. By utilizing a GWAS performed by the EU-AIMS consortium (LEAP cohort), we compared HLA and MHC genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and haplotypes in ASD individuals, versus typically developing controls. We uncovered six SNPs, namely rs9268528, rs9268542, rs9268556, rs14004, rs9268557, and rs8084 that crossed the Bonferroni threshold, which form the underpinnings of 3 independent genetic pathways/blocks that differentially associate with ASD. Block 1 (rs9268528-G, rs9268542-G, rs9268556-C, and rs14004-A) afforded protection against ASD development, whilst the two remaining blocks, namely rs9268557-T, and rs8084-A, associated with heightened risk. rs8084 and rs14004 mapped to the HLA‐DRA gene, whilst the four other SNPs located in the BTNL2 locus. Different combinations amongst BTNL2 SNPs and HLA amino acid variants or classical alleles were found either to afford protection from or contribute to ASD risk, indicating a genetic interplay between BTNL2 and HLA. Interestingly, the detected variants had transcriptional and/or quantitative traits loci implications. As BTNL2 modulates gastrointestinal homeostasis and the identified HLA alleles regulate the gastrointestinal tract in celiac disease, it is proposed that the data on ASD risk may be linked to genetically regulated gut inflammatory processes. These findings might have implications for the prevention and treatment of ASD, via the targeting of gut-related processes.