bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved clonal selection algorithm based on the directional update strategy
Authors: Yang Chao , Huang Zijing , Jiang Bibo , Zhu Menglian , Luo Aoran , He Jianfeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAt present, many cloning selection algorithms have been studied, and improvements have been made to the cloning, mutation and selection steps. However, there is a lack of research on the optimization of the updating operation steps. The clonal selection algorithm is traditionally updated through a random complement of antibodies, which is a blind and uncertain process. The added antibodies may gather near a local optimal solution, resulting in the need for more iterations to obtain the global optimal solution. To solve this problem, our improved algorithm introduces a crowding degree factor in the antibody updating stage to determine whether there is crowding between antibodies. By eliminating antibodies with high crowding potential and poor affinity, the improved algorithm guides the antibodies to update in the direction of the global optimal solution and ensures stable convergence with fewer iterations. Experimental results show that the overall performance of the improved algorithm is 1% higher than that of the clonal selection algorithm and 2.2% higher than that of the genetic algorithm, indicating that the improved algorithm is effective. The improved algorithm is also transplanted to other improved clonal selection algorithms, and the overall performance is improved by 0.97%, indicating that the improved algorithm can be a beneficial supplement to other improved clonal selection algorithms.
On the Challenge of Obtaining an Accurate Solvation Energy Estimate in Simulations of Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kirchhoff Björn , Jónsson Elvar Ö. , Jacob Timo , Jónsson Hannes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe effect of solvation on the free energy of reaction intermediates adsorbed on electrocatalyst surfaces can significantly change the thermochemical overpotential, but accurate calculations of this are challenging. Here, we present computational estimates of the solvation energy for reaction intermediates in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a B-doped graphene (BG) model system where the overpotential is found to reduce by up to 0.6 V due to solvation. BG is experimentally reported to be an active ORR catalyst but recent computational estimates using state-of-the-art hybrid density functionals in the absence of solvation effects have indicated low activity. To test whether the inclusion of explicit solvation can bring the calculated activity estimates closer to the experimental reports, up to 4 layers of water molecules are included in the simulations reported here. The calculations are based on classical molecular dynamics and local minimization of energy using atomic forces evaluated from electron density functional theory. Data sets are obtained from regular and coarse-grained dynamics, as well as local minimization of structures resampled from dynamics simulations. The results differ greatly depending on the method used and the solvation energy estimates are deemed untrustworthy. It is concluded that a significantly larger number of water molecules is required to obtain converged results for the solvation energy. As the present system includes up to 139 atoms, it already strains the limits of computational feasibility, so this points to the need for a hybrid simulation approach where efficient simulations of much larger number of solvent molecules is carried out using a lower level of theory while retaining the higher level of theory for the reacting molecules as well as their near neighbors and the catalyst. The results reported here provide a word of caution to the computational catalysis community: activity predictions can be inaccurate if too few solvent molecules are included in the calculations.
Multi-view Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks for Compositional 3D-Aware Image Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Xuanmeng , Zheng Zhedong , Gao Daiheng , Zhang Bang , Yang Yi , Chua Tat-Seng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper studies compositional 3D-aware image synthesis for both single-object and multi-object scenes. We observe that two challenges remain in this field: existing approaches (1) lack geometry constraints and thus compromise the multi-view consistency of the single object, and (2) can not scale to multi-object scenes with complex backgrounds. To address these challenges coherently, we propose multi-view consistent generative adversarial networks (MVCGAN) for compositional 3D-aware image synthesis. First, we build the geometry constraints on the single object by leveraging the underlying 3D information. Specifically, we enforce the photometric consistency between pairs of views, encouraging the model to learn the inherent 3D shape. Second, we adapt MVCGAN to multi-object scenarios. In particular, we formulate the multi-object scene generation as a “decompose and compose” process. During training, we adopt the top-down strategy to decompose training images into objects and backgrounds. When rendering, we deploy a reverse bottom-up manner by composing the generated objects and background into the holistic scene. Extensive experiments on both single-object and multi-object datasets show that the proposed method achieves competitive performance for 3D-aware image synthesis.
Thermodynamic Evaluation and Optimization of the Ag-As-S system
Authors: Kidari Oumaima , Chartrand Patrice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA critical evaluation of all available phase diagram and thermodynamic data has been performed for Ag-As, Ag-S, As-S and Ag-As-S systems, including a detailed review of the gaseous species involved in the As-S system. Thermodynamic assessments over the whole composition range for these four systems are presented using the CALPHAD method. To predict thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria, the Modified Quasichemical Model for short range ordering was used for the liquid phases, and the Compound Energy Formalism was used for the solid solutions. For the As-S binary system, natural logarithm terms for the temperature dependence of the excess Gibbs energy of the liquid solution have been used. This led to a significant improvement compared with the previous assessment of this system. The optimization of Ag-As-S systems is in good agreement with the existing experimental data.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of Two-Immiscible Liquids Film Down an Inclined Slippery Solid Substrate
Authors: Zakaria Kadry , Sirwah Magdy A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, the dynamic behavior of linear and nonlinear waves propagating at the separating surface between two thin layers of viscous Newtonian fluids is studied in the presence of the effect of insoluble surface surfactant. The two liquids are confined between two infinite rigid parallel plates and assumed to have different densities and viscosities. The equations of evolution for surface-wave elevation and concentration of surfactant are derived using the lubrication approximation. In the linear stage, by utilizing the normal mode approach, we have derived the dispersion relation that relates the wave angular frequency to the wave number and other parameters that is solved numerically to inspect the influences of some selected parameters on the stability criteria of the fluid flow. Also, analytical expressions for the growth rate as well as its maximum value with corresponding wave number are obtained in the special case of long-wave limiting. It is concluded that the Marangoni number$$\text {Ma}$$Mahas acquired a significant stabilizing influence on the fluid flow, whereas the inverse of the slippery length of substrate plate$$\beta$$β, resorts to the destabilize the motion of the interfacial waves. Consequently, both of the Marangoni number and the substrate slippy coefficient can be utilized to control the film flow regime, where they preserve the film laminar flow and tend to prevent the film breakdown. These can be useful in many industrial applications such as coating processes, heat exchangers, cooling microelectronic devices, chemical reactors, food processing, thermal protection design of combustion chambers in rocket engines and operation of Laser cutting and heavy casting production processes.
Activating the Hippo pathway by nevadensin overcomes Yap-drived resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Hewen , Zou Ying , Wang Xiaoxue , Wang Guoli , Gao Yijia , Yi Fan , Xu junqing , Yin Yancun , Li Defang , Li Minjing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant type of tumor that is insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy and often develops drug resistance. Nevadensin, a bioflavonoid, exhibits anti-cancer properties in some cancers. However, the precise underlying mechanism of nevadensin against liver cancer are poorly understood. We aim to evaluate the efficacy as well as the molecular mechanism of nevadensin in the treatment of liver cancer.

Methods
Effects of nevadensin on HCC cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using EdU labeling and flow cytometry assays. The molecular mechanism of nevadensin on HCC was determined using RNAseq. The effects of nevadensin on hippo-Yap signaling were verified using western blot and RT-PCR.

Results
In this study, we show that nevadensin significantly inhibits growth of HCC cells via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. RNAseq analysis showed that nevadensin regulates multiple functional signaling pathways associated with cancer including Hippo signaling. Western Blot analysis revealed that nevadensin notably induces activation of the MST1/2- LATS1/2 kinase in HCC cells, further resulting in the primary effector molecule YAP phosphorylation and subsequent degradation. These results indicated that nevadensin might exert its anti-HCC activity through the Hippo-ON mechanism. Moreover, nevadensin could increase the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib by down-regulating YAP and its downstream targets.

Conclusions
The present study indicates that nevadensin could be a potential effective approach to treating HCC, and overcoming sorafeni resistance via inducing activation of Hippo signaling.
Regional flood frequency analysis using data-driven models (M5, random forest, and ANFIS) and a multivariate regression method in ungauged catchments
Authors: Esmaeili-Gisavandani Hassan , Zarei Heidar , Fadaei Tehrani Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlooding is recognized worldwide joined of the most expensive natural hazards. To adopt proper structural and nonstructural measurements for controlling and mitigating the rising flood risk, the availability of streamflow values along a river is essential. This raises concerns in the hydrological assessment of poorly gauged or ungauged catchments. In this regard, several flood frequency analysis approaches have been conducted in the literature including index flow method (IFM), square grids method (SGM), hybrid method (HM), as well as the conventional multivariate regression method (MRM). While these approaches are often based on assumptions that simplify the complex nature of the hydrological system, they might not be able to address uncertainties associated with the complexity of the system. One of the powerful tools to deal with this issue is data-driven model that can be easily adopted in complex systems. The objective of this research is to utilize three different data-driven models: random forest (RF), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and M5 decision tree algorithm to predict peak flow associated with various return periods in ungauged catchments. Results from each data-driven model were assessed and compared with the conventional multivariate regression method. Results revealed all the three data-driven models performed better than the multivariate regression method. Among them, the RF model not only demonstrated the superior performance of peak flow prediction compared to the other algorithms but also provided insight into the complexity of the system through delivering a mathematical formulation.
Antibody responses after sequential vaccination with PCV13 and PPSV23 in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Mülling Nils , van de Sand Lukas , Völk Kim , Aufderhorst Ulrich Wilhelm , van der Linden Mark , Horn Peter A. , Kribben Andreas , Wilde Benjamin , Krawczyk Adalbert , Witzke Oliver , Lindemann Monika 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended in transplant recipients to reduce the morbidity and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease. Previous studies indicate that transplant recipients can produce specific antibodies after vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 (PCV13) or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). National guidelines recommend sequential vaccination with PCV13 followed by PPSV23 in kidney transplant patients. However, there are currently no data on the serological response in kidney transplant recipients, who received a sequential vaccination with PCV13 and PPSV23.

Methods
In the current study, we sequentially vaccinated 46 kidney transplant recipients with PCV13 and PPSV23 and determined global and serotype-specific anti-pneumococcal antibody responses in the year following vaccination.

Results
Serotype-specific and global anti-pneumococcal antibody concentrations were significantly higher compared to baseline. We observed that serotype-specific antibody responses varied by serotype (between 2.2- and 2.9-fold increase after 12 months). The strongest responses after 12 months were detected against the serotypes 9N (2.9-fold increase) and 14 (2.8-fold increase). Global antibody responses also varied with respect to immunoglobulin class. IgG2 revealed the highest increase (2.7-fold), IgM the lowest (1.7-fold). Sequential vaccination with both vaccines achieved higher antibody levels in comparison with a historical cohort studied at our institute, that was vaccinated with PCV13 alone. During the 12-months follow-up period, none of the patients developed pneumococcal-associated pneumonia or vaccination-related allograft rejection.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we strongly recommend sequential vaccination over single immunization in kidney transplant recipients.
Weighted fractional stochastic integro-differential equation with infinite delay
Authors: Arioui Fatima Zahra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a weighted fractional stochastic integro-differential equation with infinite delay and nonzero initial values involving a Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order $$1/2<\alpha <1$$

1
/
2
<
α
<
1

. The existence of a mild solution is investigated using fractional calculus, stochastic analysis, and the fixed point theorem. An example is also provided to illustrate the obtained result.
Chinese university students showed less disordered eating during the COVID-19 campus lockdown
Authors: Duan Wei , Ding Qiuwei , Peng Sufang , Kang Qing , Guo Lei , Zhang Lei , Wei Yaohui , Xiao Zeping , Fan Juan , Chen Jue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The rapid spread of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 in China had resulted in campus lockdown in many universities since February 2022, profoundly affecting students’ daily lives. Campus lockdown conditions differ considerably from home quarantine, so that the eating patterns of university students may be different. Thus, the current study aimed to: (1) investigate university students’ eating patterns during campus lockdown; (2) identify factors associated with their disordered eating.

Method
An online survey about recent life changes, disordered eating, stress, depression, and anxiety was carried out from April 8th to May 16th, 2022. A total of 2541 responses from 29 provinces/cities of China were received.

Results
2213 participants were included in the main analysis, and other 86 participants were analyzed separately as a subgroup due to their diagnosis of eating disorder. Participants who were undergoing campus lockdown (the lockdown group) showed less disordered eating than those who had never been in campus lockdown (the never-lockdown group), as well as those who had experienced campus lockdown before (the once-lockdown group). However, they perceived more stress and felt more depressed. Being female, higher BMI, gaining weight, increasing exercise, spending more time on social media, higher level of depression and anxiety were all related to disordered eating in the lockdown group.

Conclusions
Disordered eating among Chinese university students was less prevalent during campus lockdown due to the strict and regular diet. However, there is a potential risk of “revenge eating” after campus lockdown ends. Thus, there should be further tracking and related prevention.

Level of evidence
IV, uncontrolled trials without any interventions.
Fine‐Scale Characteristics and Dominant Synoptic Factors of Spring Precipitation Over Complex Terrain of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhao Yin , Li Jian , Ren Liwen , Li Nina , Li Puxi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpring precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) produces more than 34% of annual precipitation, which is comparable to summer precipitation. This pre‐monsoon rainfall phenomenon, influenced synthetically by atmospheric circulations and topography, makes the SETP an exception to its surroundings. Here, fine‐scale characteristics and typical synoptic backgrounds of this unique phenomenon have been investigated. The spring precipitation over the SETP is characterized by high frequency at hourly scale, with a single diurnal peak at night or early morning. Event‐based analysis further demonstrates that the spring precipitation is dominated by long‐lasting nocturnal rainfall events. From early to late spring, the dominant synoptic factor evolves from terrain‐perpendicular low‐level winds to atmospheric moisture, influencing the spatial heterogeneity and fine characteristics of the spring precipitation. The westerly dominated type, featured by lower geopotential height over the TP and enhanced westerlies along the Himalayas, produces limited‐area precipitation at those stations located at topography perpendicular to low‐level winds. In contrast, the moisture‐dominated type is featured by an anomalous cyclone over the Bay of Bengal and induces widespread precipitation around the SETP, which is the leading contributor to the spring precipitation there. Accumulated precipitation amount of long‐lasting nocturnal events is the largest under moisture‐dominated type, which has a large portion of weak precipitation due to weak thermal instability. Findings revealed in this study complete the picture of spring precipitation influenced by different dominant synoptic factors over the SETP, which deepen the current understanding of the joint influence of circulation and topography on the hydrological cycle of complex terrains.
Lithospheric Loading Model for Large Impact Basins Where a Mantle Plug Is Present
Authors: Deng Qingyun , Zhong Zhen , Ye Mao , Zhang Wensong , Qiu Denggao , Zheng Chong , Yan Jianguo , Li Fei , Barriot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCharacterizing the thermophysical properties of the lithosphere is critical for studying its evolution. We determine the elastic thickness of the lithosphere by modeling mass‐related loads and lithospheric deflection and analyzing gravity and topography data. In impact basins region where a mantle plug is present, the correlation between topography and gravity can be low, and the admittance can change quickly, making it difficult to develop accurate models without considering mantle uplift. In this study, we developed a lithospheric loading model for large impact basins that take advantage of a high‐resolution crustal thickness model and does not require the assuming compensation. Since the mantle uplift formed by super‐isostatic adjustment following the impact, the elastic thickness obtained by fitting the observed data reflects the lithospheric temperature at the end of the super‐isostatic process. Sensitivity analysis suggests that modeling the impact‐induced load is critical to reproduce how the mascon is expressed in the correlation and admittance data. Our mantle loading model provides a better fit to the observed admittance spectrum compared to previous research. The larger elastic thicknesses obtained for the Hellas basin indicate a longer duration of mascon formation or a faster cooling of the lithosphere. Models that consider a denser upper crust and an elastic thickness of about 0 km fit the observed admittance of the Utopia basin. The elastic thickness of the Argyre and Isidis basins cannot be precisely inferred without additional constraints on the load ratio.
Pattern Analyses of Lunar Penetrating Radar Images at Chang'E‐3, 4, and 5 Landing Sites: A New Insight Into the Evolution of Lunar Regolith
Authors: Liu Sijing , Santos Landerlei Almeida , Ning Song , Zhou Feng , Liu Hai , Hu Xiangyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn “atlas” of the Lunar penetrating radar (LPR) patterns is organized and a comprehensive interpretation of the lunar subsurface layers in the areas of the Chang'E (CE) mission is proposed. There are three layers inferred by the LPR high‐frequency profiles of the CE‐3 and CE‐4. The first two layers (i.e., the fine regolith and the ejecta layer) at CE‐3 and CE‐4 sites have the same strata type but differ in internal structure and thickness. The third layer at the CE‐3 site is inferred as the paleoregolith, while at the CE‐4 site, it is inferred as the alternating layer with fine materials, ejecta, and fragments. Due to the limited penetration depth of the CE‐5 LPR, the data disclose only the fine regolith, with support from the empirical ejecta distribution model. The thicknesses, physical properties, and equivalent growth rates of lunar regolith at three landing sites are estimated and discussed in detail. The lunar regolith thicknesses inferred by the CE‐3 and CE‐5 LPR data are both approximately 1.0 m. In contrast, the thickness of the lunar regolith at the CE‐4 site is 10.0 m, which is greater than that at the other two landing sites. However, the equivalent growth rate of the regolith at the CE‐3 and CE‐5 landing sites is four times greater than that at the CE‐4 landing site. This illustrates that with the increase in lunar regolith thickness, the influence of small impact gardening events on the lunar regolith reconstruction gradually weakened, and the self‐buffering effect avoids the fast growth of lunar regolith.
Plunging Flow and Coherent Turbulent Structures in a Straight Pool‐Riffle
Authors: Dashtpeyma H. , MacVicar B. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPool‐riffle units are naturally occurring topographical elements of rivers. Various hypotheses have been proposed to describe how the hydrodynamics in pool‐riffle units may lead to scour and sediment transport. However, most hypotheses have focused on time averaged properties, and a physical mechanism for observations of high near‐bed velocities has not been proposed. In this study, we apply Large Eddy Simulations to examine the dynamics of flow over straight riffles. We show that a high velocity core of fluid can alternately skim or plunge toward the bed as a function of the Froude number (Fr) at the crest of the riffle, even within a subcritical flow regime. Coherent turbulent structures are generated in the pool and induce high magnitude fluctuations of shear stress and bed pressure. Four different turbulent structures are described and the concept of vortex resistance is used to discuss how turbulence can induce the observed bifurcation in pool hydrodynamics. Despite the simple geometry, the hydraulic scaling means that the results provide a novel physical explanation of near‐bed high velocity flow observations in natural pool‐riffles. The results are also significant because turbulent shear stresses in the head of a pool exceed what occurs elsewhere in the channel, including the riffles. Further research should examine the conditions under which plunging flow may occur and turbulence may lead to sediment entrainment in other riffle pool geometries.