bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF RISK MANAGEMENT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR EFFECTIVE PROVISION OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SERVICES
Authors: Sopin Ye.O. 
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the use of information technology in the field of financial services is expanding, which transforms the ways of their provision and consumption. FinTech is developing rapidly, forming a powerful sector of the digital economy. Much attention focuses on digitalization and the provision of electronic payment services, which is important for the development of all types of e-business. One of the main conditions for their effective provision is risk management, improving the quality of which is becoming an urgent scientific and practical task. This is the basis for the improvement of electronic payment systems and payment ecosystems in the digital environment.
The purpose of the article is to identify areas and practical proposals for improving the quality of risk management as a prerequisite for effective provision of electronic payment services. The importance of risk management for the enterprise-provider of electronic payment services is substantiated, taking into account the basic principles of their provision and importance in the payment infrastructure. The content and direction of improving the quality of risk management, its potential in improving the efficiency of providing electronic payment services for decision-making, reducing losses, optimizing costs and ensuring stable operation of the enterprise are explained. The understanding of the essence and subject of risk management in the field of electronic payment services and its industry characteristics is specified. Characteristics and properties that indicate the quality of risk management are explained. The goals, tasks and features of risk management at the enterprise that is the provider of electronic payment services are determined. The methodological bases of risk management at the enterprise providing electronic payment services are revealed, including strategic bases, objects, principles, types, kinds, elements, approaches, key processes and methods of risk management.
A frame that defines the stages, nature and content of risk management components is proposed, namely: risk identification; risk monitoring and control; risk analysis and assessment; development and implementation of measures in order to minimize or eliminate risks; analysis of results and evaluation of the effectiveness of risk management measures. Practical recommendations for improving each of the components have been developed. The internal and external aspects of risk management are described. The bases of formation and directions of improvement of the risk management system at the enterprise-provider of electronic payment services within the procedural, intellectual, program-technological block are determined. PayTech risk insurance is clarified. The expediency of innovations to improve RegTech in the context of risk management is substantiated.
Peculiarities of law-making practice in the field of further settlement of alternative methods of resolving public disputes and conflicts
Authors: Stebelev A. 
Published: July 2023

The article recognizes the diverse (multidirectional) character of the law-making process, taking into account the very features (nature) of legal regulation and proceduralization of alternative ways of resolving legal disputes and conflicts, which is characterized by complexity and multi-levels.
The directions of the formation of legal norms aimed at the settlement of alternative ways of resolving disputes and conflicts are highlighted. In particular, it is noted that the legal regulation of alternative methods of resolving legal disputes and conflicts is carried out through the recognition, establishment and sanctioning of legal norms aimed at regulating such activities. The recognition of the above-mentioned legal norms occurs by the state with the help of the activity of the law-making body through the recognition of natural rights in this area, because such natural rights and freedoms as the right to a court, freedom of contract, the right to protect one's rights are the basis for the formation of alternative ways of resolving legal disputes and conflicts and freedoms by all non-prohibited means. In the mechanism of legal regulation of alternative methods of resolving disputes and conflicts, the second and main direction is the activity of the state to establish relevant legal norms, because the state, developing drafts of relevant laws, on the one hand recognizes the natural rights to a court, to defense, to freedom of contract and takes into account the existing positive social practices developed in this area, as well as based on objective needs and own interests and the interests of society, establishes new rules aimed specifically at the interests of society. Sanctioning practice is the third direction in the mechanism of legal registration of alternative methods of resolving disputes and conflicts.
It was determined that in this case the nature of such activities and the level of their legal regulation and proceduralization are primary. At the same time, these two aspects are significantly interconnected and influence each other. On the one hand, alternative resolution of disputes and conflicts involves the use of special methods, forms, involvement of special subjects, which indicates their separation from traditional areas of procedural activity. On the other hand, recent trends point to their spread and popularization, which inevitably raises the question of their relationship with procedural activity and, in fact, of their proceduralization, which is aimed at their legalization.
The procedure for taking samples from things and documents for examination in criminal proceedings: a critical analysis
Authors: Antoshchuk A. , Basyuk L. 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the importance of observing the procedure for collecting evidence established by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine as a guarantee of their propriety and admissibility, in particular when conducting an examination, when for this there is a need to obtain relevant samples.
The determined procedure for taking samples from things and documents in criminal proceedings is analyzed for the certainty and unambiguity of the definitions used by the legislator and its compliance with the stated purpose of such an investigative (search) action as obtaining samples for examination. As a result of the analysis, a conclusion is made about the existing conflict of criminal procedural norms, which is a consequence of the lack of definition of the legal regime of certain types of samples for examination in criminal proceedings, taking into account their nature and the replacement of certain procedural categories.
Attention is focused on the imperfections of the established procedure for taking samples from things and documents in criminal proceedings and the possible consequences of this - the irreversible loss of evidence.
It is noted that it is impractical to apply the provisions of the established procedure for taking samples from such things and documents that are in the possession of state authorities and local self-government bodies, as well as obtaining an additional court order to conduct a search in case of refusal by the person specified in the decision on temporary access to things and documents, voluntarily provide access to such things and documents for obtaining samples from them.
Objective factors (embedded in the construction of relevant procedural norms) are determined, which negatively affect the effectiveness of the investigation of criminal offenses, determined by the procedure for taking samples from things and documents established by the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. It is noted that it is inadmissible to use the imperfection of criminal procedural norms to actively oppose the investigation of criminal offenses.
It is emphasized the urgent need for effective attention of the legislator to the established procedure for taking samples from things and documents in criminal proceedings in order to ensure the effectiveness of obtaining samples for examination as a means of gathering evidence and investigation as a whole.
Initiation of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings regarding interference in the activities of a defense attorney or a person's representative
Authors: Antoshchuk A. , Rusanivska D. 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the importance of observing the beginning of the pre-trial investigation established by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in general and in criminal proceedings regarding interference in the activities of a defense attorney or a person's representative, in particular. Attention is drawn to the fact that the current Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine does not contain a rule regarding the procedural form of starting a pre-trial investigation with the participation of persons who enjoy additional guarantees of independence. Attention is drawn to the fact that, despite the established requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the verification of applications and notifications of individuals, in practice there have been cases of their verification taking too long.
The normative and legal regulation of the initiation of pre-trial investigation in criminal proceedings regarding interference in the activities of a defense attorney or a person's representative is analyzed in detail. Attention is focused on the fact that the legal guarantees of the protection of the lawyer's professional activity are negated by the lack of practice of thorough investigation of all facts of encroachment and real punishment of guilty persons in crimes committed against lawyers in connection with their professional activity.
It is noted that cases have become quite frequent when statements by defenders and representatives of a person about the violation of their rights, which have signs of a criminal offense, are considered not within 24 hours, but within ten days, and sometimes even within thirty days in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Appeals citizens", despite the direct prohibition of consideration of such applications.
The reasons for the refusal to enter information into the Unified Register of Pretrial Investigations (hereinafter referred to as the Unified Register of Pretrial Investigations) have been identified. During the investigation of interference in the activities of the defender or representative of a person, the following grounds are used: 1) the need to provide additional evidence; 2) lack of legal grounds for entering information into the EDPR.
It is believed that the current model of the criminal procedural norm, which concerns the entry of information into the ERDR, is limited enough to make a quick and well-founded decision on the initiation of a pre-trial investigation.
Budget Policy: Concept and Tasks
Authors: Diedushev І. 
Published: July 2023

This scientific article, based on the study and analysis of positions of scholars and normative legal acts, highlights the concept and essential characteristics of budget policy. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that budget policy is closely related to the functioning and development of the state. On the one hand, the state is the organizer and coordinator of budgetary relations, and on the other hand, it is an active participant. Given this, a significant precondition for optimizing the model of budget policy is the comprehensive consideration of factors that influence the content of such a policy. Current realities indicate that some factors are not fully taken into account by the state, as a result of which budget policy is subject to sharp criticism. Of course, it is very difficult to take into account all possible negative factors when forming and implementing budget policy, as this policy intertwines the interests of different social groups of the population, which are often contradictory or antagonistic. Modern realities are burdened by war and, in the future, difficult times of post-war reconstruction of the country.
The author of the article sets the goal to define the concept of budget policy and its most important tasks.
The work emphasizes that budget policy combines objective and subjective aspects. The objective aspect of budget policy lies in its existence and influence on the national economy in real economic processes, conditioned by objective economic relations. The subjective aspect lies in the practical development and implementation of measures of budget policy, the effectiveness of which directly depends on the subjects who develop and implement them.
The main conditions that the state must comply with in shaping budget policy are highlighted. The most important tasks of budget policy are analyzed.
In general, the author concludes that budget policy is a directed activity of authorized persons in shaping or regulating social relations in the field of formation and use of financial resources necessary to ensure the tasks and functions performed by the bodies of state power, the bodies of power of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and local self-government bodies during the budget period.
Regarding the international legal protection of the civilian population during an armed conflict
Authors: Klapouschak D. 
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the international regulation of civilian protection during armed conflicts in the light of a large -scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The main international acts for the protection of civilians during the war are defined, first of all, the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War.
Attention is focused on identifying certain categories of persons who are definitely protected by international law.
The article substantiates the need to take precautionary measures to protect civilians, namely checking the objects of attacking them in civilian population, using methods of attack that minimize the risk of accidental losses among civilians, abolition Ecttes, a warning about the possibility of attacks that can harm civilian population, if possible.
It is established that women and children are categories that need special protection. The main provisions for the protection of these categories of civilians are defined. The author draws attention to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights concerning the protection of civilians during the war or other armed conflicts. At the same time, the author emphasizes the importance of compliance of court decisions in cases of armed conflicts with the approaches developed in international humanitarian law to ensure adequate protection of human rights.
It is concluded that the protection of civilians in the conditions of armed conflict is a task not only of each of the states, but also should be regulated at the international level, which causes the development of new ways of protection. The position on the need for compliance with the court's decisions on the protection of civilians during the war is substantiated by the principles of international humanitarian law, as well as the creation of more effective mechanisms for the protection of civilians during the war.
Structure and functions of the United Nations in the field of budgetary relations
Authors: Ivanova R. 
Published: July 2023

Considering the UN in terms of its attribution to the main international organizations in the system of subjects of budgetary relations, it is necessary to explore the main activities, but not the international organization as a whole, but by studying the powers and activities of each of its structural institutions.
As already mentioned, the highest UN institution, which has a wide range of powers, is the General Assembly. It should be noted that the General Assembly has the power to consider the general principles of cooperation in support of international peace and security, including disarmament and arms regulation. In addition, its competence may include any problematic issues that arise in the way of achieving international peace and security, research and development of recommendations in the field of education, health, promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms without discrimination against signs of racial, sexual, linguistic, religious or other affiliation.
A key role in the UN system is played by the Security Council, which exercises its powers on a permanent basis and focuses its activities on regulating international peace and security policy. It should be noted that the UN Security Council is responsible for the peaceful settlement of international conflicts, the prevention of military clashes between states, the cessation of acts of aggression and other violations of peaceful relations between states.
The economic recovery and development of infrastructure involves the reconstruction of destroyed infrastructure facilities, in order to ensure the receipt of daily services, as well as support for small and medium-sized businesses in the field of entrepreneurship.
The UN has financial regulations and rules that govern the use of its funds, including procurement and accounting procedures. The UN also has an internal audit function to ensure that its financial management is transparent and accountable.
In addition to its regular budget, the UN also has programmatic budgets for its various activities, such as peacekeeping missions, humanitarian assistance, and development programs. These programmatic budgets are funded through separate mechanisms and are subject to specific reporting and accountability requirements.
De plataformas, monopolios y el análisis multidisciplinar de objetos híbridos
Authors: Tagnin Julián 
Published: July 2023

Ficha técnica:
Título: República Mercado Libre
Año de edición: 2022
Autor: Julián Zícari (director)
Editorial: Callao Ediciones
Ciudad de edición: Buenos Aires
Págs: 256
Exploring the Role of Consumers in Promoting a Circular Economy: Increasing Awareness and Engagement
Authors: Bucur Louisa-Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The term “circular economy” is currently gaining a lot of attention and refers to a sustainable economic model that aims to conserve resources for a longer period by reducing waste and pollution, recycling and reusing existing products and materials, and regenerating the natural environment. Therefore, consumers are those who have an important role to play in driving the transition to such an economy by making purchasing decisions that prioritize durable, repairable, and recyclable products. Those who make these choices are more likely to contribute to the success of a circular economy. Many consumers may not be aware of the benefits a circular economy could have on the environment and economy or may not understand how their purchasing decisions can impact the environment. By increasing consumer awareness and education, we can empower consumers to make more sustainable purchasing decisions. The article will explore ways to increase consumer engagement in the circular economy. Therefore, it will present an overview of the role of consumers in promoting a circular economy and ways to increase awareness and engagement. It will demonstrate that by empowering consumers to make more sustainable purchasing decisions, we can create a more sustainable future and preserve resources for future generations.
Research on Power Aggregators within the European Internal Electricity Market
Authors: Palade Dan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ongoing climate changes have determined governing bodies from all around the globe to set ambitious targets for CO2 reduction. In recent years, renewable energy technologies have proven themselves to be a method of CO2 reduction that is competitive in terms of both costs and efficiency, which led to the technologies becoming affordable and practical for residential use. Since the adoption of the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package in 2019, consumers were encouraged to have an active role in the power sector. This has led to the emergence of a new participant in the energy system, the power aggregator. From the scientific literature that has been covered so far, many articles focus on the economic benefits that different aggregator business models bring to the aggregators, their clients, and the system. Other scientific papers focus on optimizing how aggregators participate in energy markets by taking into consideration the technologies included in their portfolios and pricing mechanisms. Regardless of the subjects tackled, the articles mostly present theoretical aspects since, in practice, residential power aggregators are still not present in many countries. For all the reports that have been turned in so far, secondary research was carried out to gain a better understanding of the current power sector context. Renewable energy technologies were reviewed to uncover synergies that would prove valuable for power aggregator portfolios, existing business models of aggregators were examined to have a grasp on regulatory and economic limitations, and academic papers related to mathematical optimization models were studied. The doctoral research, for which this paper presents the progress, aims to use secondary research to understand aggregators at a European level and then to perform primary research into implementing the aggregating activity in Romania in the context of an accelerated shift to a decentralized power system.
Risk Management in the Electricity Market and the Transition to NET 0 via DLT (Blockchain Technology)
Authors: Tudor Răzvan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Romanian energy market has undergone, since the beginning of 2017, a period of turmoil underlying a short-term price rise, simultaneously with the inability of some market traders to comply with the contractual liabilities to which they had committed. Overall, the end consumer was not affected, however a series of traders became insolvent, and losses were taken over by the system operator and the suppliers of last resort. This paper aims at exploring the manner how principles applied in the blockchain concept, which lately has become extremely popular due to virtual coins, particularly Bitcoin, may be useful to all participants of an OTC market. This new technology could allow the appearance of new solutions to monitor the energy source used to achieve the NET 0 objective. This article represents exclusively the author’s point of view and does not involve in any way the employer he is representing in the conference.
Identifying and Measuring the Importance of the Lawyer’s Personal Brand Elements – A Quantitative Research
Authors: Manea Moldovan Georgiana-Gabriela , Tescaşiu Bianca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Personal branding represents a very important issue in assessing the value created in any activity. Some jobs can’t exist anymore without personal branding. More than that, some existing professional categories have to adapt these days, by adopting personal branding strategies, even though in the past it was no need for that. This article focuses on such a professional category – the lawyers. By conducting a quantitative research among professional lawyers, the authors tried to identify the main aspects that compose the personal brand in this liberal profession, and, also, to measure the importance of these aspects. By bringing into discussion the specific aspects of creating and maintaining the lawyer personal brand, the article brings not only a theoretical contribution, but, also, a practical one, as it represents a valid opinion that might be used by academia or other lawyers. The research aimed to answer the following questions: What are the main issues that define the lawyers personal brand?; What is the importance of each component of personal branding in the law services?; What are the most important elements when choosing a lawyer? The research findings revealed a series of interesting conclusions – most of the lawyers are not preoccupied by their image and other elements defining their personal brand, but the reputation and experience are very appreciated by the when choosing a lawyer.