bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Central Nervous System Ischemia
Authors: Shulman Julie G. , Abdalkader Mohamad 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article describes imaging modalities used in the evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms of acute ischemic stroke.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The year 2015 marked the beginning of a new era in acute stroke care with the widespread adoption of mechanical thrombectomy. Subsequent randomized controlled trials in 2017 and 2018 brought the stroke community even further into this new territory with the expansion of the eligibility window for thrombectomy using imaging-based patient selection, which led to an increase in the use of perfusion imaging. Now, after several years of routine use, the debate is ongoing as to when this additional imaging is truly required and when it results in unnecessary delays in time-sensitive stroke care. At this time, more than ever, a robust understanding of neuroimaging techniques, applications, and interpretation is essential for the practicing neurologist.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
CT-based imaging is the first step in most centers for the evaluation of patients presenting with symptoms of acute stroke because of its wide availability, speed, and safety. Noncontrast head CT alone is sufficient for IV thrombolysis decision making. CT angiography is very sensitive for the detection of large-vessel occlusion and can be used reliably to make this determination. Advanced imaging including multiphase CT angiography, CT perfusion, MRI, and MR perfusion can provide additional information useful for therapeutic decision making in specific clinical scenarios. In all cases, it is essential that neuroimaging be performed and interpreted rapidly to allow for timely reperfusion therapy.
Safety Considerations in MRI and CT
Authors: Watson Robert E. , Yu Lifeng 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
MRI and CT are indispensable imaging modalities for the evaluation of patients with neurologic disease, and each is particularly well suited to address specific clinical questions. Although both of these imaging modalities have excellent safety profiles in clinical use as a result of concerted and dedicated efforts, each has potential physical and procedural risks that the practitioner should be aware of, which are described in this article.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Recent advancements have been made in understanding and reducing safety risks with MR and CT. The magnetic fields in MRI create risks for dangerous projectile accidents, radiofrequency burns, and deleterious interactions with implanted devices, and serious patient injuries and deaths have occurred. Ionizing radiation in CT may be associated with shorter-term deterministic effects on biological tissues at extremely high doses and longer-term stochastic effects related to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis at low doses. The cancer risk of radiation exposure in diagnostic CT is considered extremely low, and the benefit of an appropriately indicated CT examination far outweighs the potential risk. Continuing major efforts are centered on improving image quality and the diagnostic power of CT while concurrently keeping radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
An understanding of these MRI and CT safety issues that are central to contemporary radiology practice is essential for the safe and effective treatment of patients with neurologic disease.
Imaging of Central Nervous System Hemorrhage
Authors: Hakimi Ryan 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article aims to familiarize the reader with the various types of nontraumatic central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage and the various neuroimaging modalities used to help diagnose and manage them.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
According to the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for 28% of the global stroke burden. In the United States, hemorrhagic stroke makes up 13% of all strokes. The incidence of intraparenchymal hemorrhage increases substantially with age; thus, despite improvements in blood pressure control through various public health measures, the incidence is not decreasing as the population ages. In fact, in the most recent longitudinal study of aging, autopsy findings showed intraparenchymal hemorrhage and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in 30% to 35% of patients.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Rapid identification of CNS hemorrhage, which includes intraparenchymal hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, requires either head CT or brain MRI. Once hemorrhage is identified on the screening neuroimaging study, the pattern of blood in conjunction with the history and physical examination can guide subsequent neuroimaging, laboratory, and ancillary tests as part of the etiologic assessment. After determination of the cause, the chief aims of the treatment regimen are reducing hemorrhage expansion and preventing subsequent complications such as cytotoxic cerebral edema, brain compression, and obstructive hydrocephalus. In addition, nontraumatic spinal cord hemorrhage will also be briefly discussed.
Diagnostic Ultrasonography in Neurology
Authors: Azevedo Elsa 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Ultrasonography allows neurologists to complement clinical information with additional useful, easily acquired, real-time data. This article highlights its clinical applications in neurology.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Diagnostic ultrasonography is expanding its applications with smaller and better devices. Most indications in neurology relate to cerebrovascular evaluations. Ultrasonography contributes to the etiologic evaluation and is helpful for hemodynamic diagnosis of brain or eye ischemia. It can accurately characterize cervical vascular atherosclerosis, dissection, vasculitis, or other rarer disorders. Ultrasonography can aid in the diagnosis of intracranial large vessel stenosis or occlusion and evaluation of collateral pathways and indirect hemodynamic signs of more proximal and distal pathology. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is the most sensitive method for detecting paradoxical emboli from a systemic right-left shunt such as a patent foramen ovale. TCD is mandatory for sickle cell disease surveillance, guiding the timing for preventive transfusion. In subarachnoid hemorrhage, TCD is useful in monitoring vasospasm and adapting treatment. Some arteriovenous shunts can be detected by ultrasonography. Cerebral vasoregulation studies are another developing field of interest. TCD enables monitoring of hemodynamic changes related to intracranial hypertension and can diagnose cerebral circulatory arrest. Optic nerve sheath measurement and brain midline deviation are ultrasonography-detectable signs of intracranial hypertension. Most importantly, ultrasonography allows for easily repeated monitoring of evolving clinical conditions or during and after interventions.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Diagnostic ultrasonography is an invaluable tool in neurology, used as an extension of the clinical examination. It helps diagnose and monitor many conditions, allowing for more data-driven and rapid treatment interventions.
Efficacy and prognosis of neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery for chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Ma Baolin , Song Huping , Lin Wuyong 
Published: February 2023

Objective: This paper aims to analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).
Methods: The clinical data of CSDH patients who underwent surgery between March 2018 and June 2020 in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Eighty patients with CSDH who met the inclusive criteria were selected. A control group (32 cases treated with burr hole drainage) and an observation group (48 cases treated with neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery) were set according to different operation methods. The hematoma clearance rate, surgery-related indicators, related complications, hematoma recurrence rate and related prognostic indicators of the two groups were compared and analyzed.
Results: The postoperative hematoma clearance rate of the observation group was 92.59%, which was higher than that of the control group (77.78%) (P<0.05). The operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative hospitalization time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The recurrence rate of hematoma in the observation group in the six-month postoperative follow-up was 1.85%, which was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The limb motor function and daily living ability score of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the Markwalder grading score was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Neuroendoscopy-assisted treatment which is safe and effective is superior to traditional burr-hole drainage surgery. It can reduce the recurrence rate; thus, it is worth advocating and applying.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6642
How to cite this: Ma B, Song H, Lin W. Efficacy and prognosis of neuroendoscopy-assisted surgery for chronic subdural hematoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):578-582. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6642
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pompe disease - What do we currently know about the disease?
Authors: Białowąs Edyta , Mazurek Magdalena , Aghadi Artur , Cuber Iwona , Dybała Ewelina , Szela Karolina 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Pompe disease (PD) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a partial or complete deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) which leads to lysosomal accumulation of glycogen. Excessive amounts of glycogen accumulate mainly in the cells of the heart and skeletal muscles and cause dysfunction of these tissues. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The most common diagnostic methods include genetic tests and the measurement of enzyme activity in leukocytes or fibroblasts. A screening test is also available that tests the enzyme activity in dried blood spot (DBS). The treatment of PD is mostly based on synthetic GAA enzyme supply to the patients. The therapy reduces glycogen storage and improves muscle function, decreases heart size and prolongs the lives of those with infantile form of PD. In the adult onset of the disease treatment increases physical efficiency and reduces the progression of respiratory failure.

Aim of the study: Systematization of current knowledge about Pompe disease with particular emphasis on possible clinical presentations, diagnostics and therapeutic options.
Material and methods: Literature review based on PubMed data using the following keywords: Pompe disease, Glycogenosis type ii, glucosidase alpha
Summary : Pompe disease is a rare disease with many problems related to diagnosis and possible therapies. Its symptoms can be very misleading and cause a delay in diagnosis . It is critical to start the therapy as soon as possible to best manage the disease. The prognosis of PD is poor, especially in children under 12 months of age. Gene therapy research is currently underway and early results are very promising. There is still much to learn about dealing with this disease.
Mobile Money Operations: Policies for Managing Cash and Digital Currency Inventories in the Developing World
Authors: Balasubramanian Karthik , Drake David F. , Acimovic Jason , Fearing Douglas 
Published: February 2023

Problem definition: Mobile money systems—platforms built and managed by mobile network platform operators (MMPOs) to allow money to be stored as digital currency—connect millions of poor and “unbanked” people to the formal financial system. Unfortunately, low service levels because of the suboptimal management of cash and digital currency (e-float) inventory impede the development of these ecosystems. Accordingly, we seek to answer the question of how agents should manage inventories of cash and e-float. Academic/practical relevance: This paper extends inventory theory to the mobile money context, unique in that sales of cash generate inventory of e-float and vice versa. In doing so, we address a key pain point for an emerging sector that improves lives at the base of the pyramid. Methodology: We develop an analytical heuristic to determine initial stocking levels for cash and e-float and analyze its performance on simulated and actual data. Results: By partnering with an MMPO, we tested the performance of the heuristic inventory policy with data from more than 35 million transactions. The heuristic captured 99.9998% of the optimal profit on simulated data and, on actual data, we found that following the recommendations could increase agents’ profits by an average of 15.4%. Managerial implications: We develop a pragmatic inventory policy that performs nearly optimally. We also analyze under which conditions the performance deteriorates and examine heterogeneity among agents with respect to the heuristic’s impact on their performance. Thus, we equip MMPOs with guidance as to whom to target and how. By contributing to service level and profit improvements, this work can make mobile money a more effective financial inclusion tool in the developing world as well as improve the livelihoods of agents. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1175 .
Multicriteria Decision Making as Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Mu Enrique 
Published: February 2023

In their excellent recounting of the development of multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) from its early history to the 21st century, Koksalan et al. (2011) proposed that MCDM is both old and new. It is old because decision makers have always had to make tradeoffs with objectives when making decisions; the authors refer to Benjamin Franklin’s approach to making decisions by trading off benefits and costs during the 1700’s. However, MCDM as an important sub-field of Management Science or Operations research is rather new and began in the late 1950s. The elements of decision making fundamentally consist of the “decision”, a “decision-maker” and a “decision analysis methodology.” This is the reason that the MCDM field is inherently interdisciplinary.
Rating the Sustainable Energy Problems in Manufacturing Businesses and Selecting the Best Energy Security Policy: The Case of Samsun
Authors: Ergün Mustafa , Memiş Salíh , Korucuk Selçuk , Karamaşa Çağlar 
Published: February 2023

Today, economic development and development are extremely important. With the increasing need for energy in both the world and Turkish economy, the importance of ensuring the sustainability of the energy resources used and the security of energy supply is also increasing. Implementation of a sustainable energy system; It includes important factors such as efficient energy use together with sufficient, economical, safe and environmentally compatible energy supply. Energy is one of the main factors to consider in discussions of sustainable development. The main dimensions of sustainability in energy production are environmental protection and the economically and socially sustainable supply of energy resources in a way that is reliable, sufficient and financially accessible in the long run. For this reason, it is important for Turkey to identify sustainable energy problems and determine the right energy policy. In this study, the determination of sustainable energy problems and the problems of determining the right energy security policy in manufacturing enterprises in Samsun province in Turkey were made with multi-criteria decision making methods. As a result of this research, the most ideal energy security policy was “Resource Sharing” in the selection created by using the degrees of sustainable energy related problems in manufacturing enterprises. On the other hand, the most ideal energy security alternatives were realized as Resource Sharing (A4)>> Source Distribution (A3)>> Resource Diversification (A1)>> Price Security (A2), respectively.
Power Generation Sources and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in BRICS Countries: Static and Dynamic Panel Regression
Authors: Voumik Liton Chandra , Hossain Md. Shaddam , Islam Md. Azharul , Rahaman Abidur 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The threat of global warming has escalated as a result of industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and lifestyle changes in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). The amount of electricity generated by various sources is directly influenced by their respective carbon dioxide (CO2
) emissions. This study’s primary goal is to determine which sources are bad for the environment and which are not.
Methodology: Examining the impact of different energy generation sources on CO2
emissions using data from the BRICS. To analyze the data, pooled OLS and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are used, as well as Quantile Regression (QR).
Findings: We found that coal and gas power generation had a positive and large influence on CO2
emissions regardless of the method used. As compared to other emissions, coal-fired energy production has a more significant impact. In all regression models, hydroelectric and renewable energy generation can reduce CO2
emissions.
Originality: Identifying an empirical link between CO2
emissions and energy production sources is the study’s most significant accomplishment. To obtain solid results, the paper used a combination of QR and GMM techniques. The conclusions presented in this article have important environmental policy consequences. CO2 emissions can be reduced by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and promoting the development of alternative energy sources such as hydroelectric, wind, and solar power.
DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Wiadnya Dewa Gede Raka , Kurniawan Nia , Hariati Anik Martinah , Astuti Septiana Sri , Paricahya Akhsan Fikrillah , Dailami ‪Muhammad , Kusuma Wahyu Endra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Wiadnya DGR, Kurniawan N, Hariati AM, Astuti SS, Paricahya AF, Dailami M, Kusuma WE. 2023. DNA barcoding of the most common marine ornamental fish species spilled over from a small-sized marine protected area, Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 243: 47-54. Healthy coral reefs within a protected area may function as a source of recruitment to the surroundings through spill-over and export larvae. This study aims to generate a list of common species of marine ornamental fishes for the aquarium trade in Indonesia, mainly collected adjacent to Bali Barat National Park (BBNP). Lived-fish samples were collected from six fish collectors in two villages surrounding BBNP, Sumber Kima, Bali, and Bangsring, Banyuwangi. All species were checked by three active fishermen in both villages for confirmation of the most common species and not belonging to the target. A total of 82 separate groups out of 145 specimens were identified based on their morphological characters. All samples were then sequenced based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene amplification. The sequence read lengths for all the specimens were between 655 and 658 bp. All the findings from this DNA barcoding approach were in line with morphological species identification. Wrasses (Family: Labridae) were the most dominant (41 species) representing the group, followed by Pomacentridae (24 species), Acanthuridae (14 species), Pomacanthidae (14 species) and Gobiidae (10 species). Among the species, only green sergeant, Amblyglyphidodon batunaorum, belonged to the Vulnerable (VU) category based on IUCN criteria. The rest were either Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), or Not Evaluated (NE). It implied that no catch species were under fishing pressure except for the green sergeant. Considering a total of 28 target species by local fishermen (recorded in an earlier article), small-scale fishermen can easily catch more than 100 species in one trip. The results significantly contributed to the need to generate a list of common ornamental fish species specifically exported from Indonesia as an aquarium trade commodity.
Abundance and physical factors affecting the appearance of selected terrestrial birds in Khao Yai National Park using camera trapping
Authors: Kanka Pemika , Sukmasuang Ronglarp , Duengkae Prateep , Siripattaranukul Kittiwara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Kanka P, Sukmasuang R, Duengkae P, Siripattaranugul K. 2023. Abundance and physical factors affecting the appearance of selected terrestrial birds in Khao Yai National Park using camera trapping. Biodiversitas 24: 222 232. This study used results from camera traps set for Dhole (Cuon alpinus) and their prey during 2017-2020 in Khao Yai National Park to assess the species richness of ground-dwelling birds and identify abundance and also temporal appearance of the species in the area. We selected only the Pheasant species that typically forage on the ground to investigate the physical factors affecting the appearance in Khao Yai National Park. Based on camera trapping data with a total of 4139 trap days, 115 camera locations showed 36 species of birds belonging to 21 families, and 13 orders of ground-dwelling bird species were recorded. Siamese Fireback (Lophura diardi), Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), and Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera) were detected with an abundance index of 10.65%, 7.27%, and 1.84%, respectively. The ground-dwelling bird abundance index from the camera traps accounted for 26.85% of the total fauna. Although the Phasianidae were found to be diurnal species, this study also shows a statistically significant difference in the average time between Red Junglefowl and Siamese Fireback. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference between Red Junglefowl and Silver Pheasant during their active time. The water sources showed a significant effect on the presence of the Siamese Fireback in data analysis; however, no physical environmental factors significantly affected the distribution of Red Junglefowl and Silver Pheasant. This study found that surrounding creeks and streams significantly impacted the appearance of the Siamese Fireback. As a result, area management needs to prevent and reduce disturbances along a creek in order to effectively manage the habitat of the Siamese Fireback and other wildlife.