bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of prophylactic and ‘rescue pack’ antibiotics on the airway microbiome in chronic lung disease
Authors: Rofael Sylvia A D , Brown James , Lipman Marc C I , Lowe David M , Spratt David , Quaderi Shumonta , Hurst John R , McHugh Timothy D 
Published: April 2023

The management of many chronic lung diseases involves multiple antibiotic prescriptions either to treat acute exacerbations or as prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency of exacerbations and improve patients’ quality of life.AimTo investigate the effects of antibiotics on the homeostasis of bacterial communities in the airways, and how this may contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among respiratory pathogens and microbiota.MethodsWithin an observational cohort study, sputum was collected from 84 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or bronchiectasis at stable state: 47 were receiving antibiotic prophylaxis therapy. V3-V4 16S-rRNA sequencing on Illumina MiSeq, quantitative PCR for typical respiratory pathogens, bacteriology cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of sputum isolates, resistome analysis on a subset of 17 sputum samples using MinION metagenomics sequencing were performed.FindingThe phylogenetic α-diversity and the total bacterial density in sputum were significantly lower in patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (p=0.014 and 0.029, respectively). Antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with significantly lower relative abundance of respiratory pathogens such asPseudomonas aeruginosa,Moraxella catarrhalisand members of family Enterobacteriaceae in the airway microbiome, but notHaemophilus influenzaeandStreptococcus pneumoniae. No major definite directional shifts in the microbiota composition were identified with prophylactic antibiotic use at the cohort level. Surveillance of AMR and resistome analysis revealed a high frequency of resistance to macrolide and tetracycline in the cohort. AMR expressed by pathogenic bacterial isolates was associated with antibiotics prescribed as ‘rescue packs’ for prompt initiation of self-treatment of exacerbations (Spearman’s rho=0.408, p=0.02).ConclusionsAntibiotic prophylactic therapy suppresses recognised pathogenic bacteria in the sputum of patients with chronic lung disease. The use of antibiotic rescue packs may be driving AMR in this cohort rather than prophylactic antibiotics.
Dissecting tumor lymphocyte infiltration to predict benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer: lessons from the AtezoT RIBE study
Authors: Moretto Roberto , Rossini Daniele , Catteau Aurélie , Antoniotti Carlotta , Giordano Mirella , Boccaccino Alessandra , Ugolini Clara , Proietti Agnese , Conca Veronica , Kassambara Alboukadel , Pietrantonio Filippo , Salvatore Lisa , Lonardi Sara , Tamberi Stefano , Tamburini Emiliano , Poma Anello Marcello , Fieschi Jacques , Fontanini Gabriella , Masi Gianluca , Galon Jérôme , Cremolini Chiara 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTumor immune cells influence the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and many efforts aim at identifying features of tumor immune microenvironment able to predict benefit from ICIs in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).MethodsWe characterized tumor immune cell infiltrate, by assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), Immunoscore, Immunoscore-IC, and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor samples of patients with mCRC enrolled in the AtezoTRIBE study, a phase II randomized trial comparing FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab/atezolizumab to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab, with the aim of evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of these features.ResultsOut of 218 patients enrolled, 181 (83%), 77 (35%), 157 (72%) and 162 (74%) specimens were successfully tested for TILs, Immunoscore, Immunoscore-IC and PD-L1 expression, respectively, and 69 (38%), 45 (58%), 50 (32%) and 21 (13%) tumors were classified as TILs-high, Immunoscore-high, Immunoscore-IC-high and PD-L1-high, respectively. A poor agreement was observed between TILs and Immunoscore or Immunoscore-IC (K of Cohen <0.20). In the pMMR population, longer progression-free survival (PFS) was reported for Immunoscore-high and Immunoscore-IC-high groups compared with Immunoscore-low (16.4 vs 12.2 months; HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.99; p=0.049) and Immunoscore-IC-low (14.8 vs 11.5 months; HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.85; p=0.007), respectively, with a significant interaction effect between treatment arms and Immunoscore-IC (p for interaction: 0.006) and a trend for Immunoscore (p for interaction: 0.13). No PFS difference was shown according to TILs and PD-L1 expression. Consistent results were reported in the overall population.ConclusionsThe digital evaluation of tumor immune cell infiltrate by means of Immunoscore-IC or Immunoscore identifies the subset of patients with pMMR mCRC achieving more benefit from the addition of the anti-PD-L1 to the upfront treatment. Immunoscore-IC stands as the most promising predictor of benefit from ICIs.
Structural properties of anisotropic stars in modified teleparallel gravity: a brief study via an embedding approach
Authors: Ashraf Asifa , Errehymy Abdelghani , Ditta Allah , Zhang Zhiyue , Tiecheng Xia , Daoud Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to construct the anisotropic solution for compact stellar configurations using the observed mass and radius of compact stars from the literature under the influence of Rastall Teleparallel gravity. To investigate the crucial elements of spherically symmetric metric space, we employed the embedding class one spacetime paradigm with Karmarkar’s condition. The field equations have been computed under the gravitational action of Rastall Teleparallel gravity. However, the unknown constants were evaluated via junction conditions using the Schwarzschild metric as the outer geometry. The compact stars analysis’s crucial physical and mathematical requirements are all admitted and shared by the model, which is physically viable and supports the emergence of novel realistic stellar configurations in Rastall Teleparallel gravity. We fix the parameters of our model to compare with three compact stars (LMC X-4, Cen X-3, and EXO 1785-248) and find that it can be regular, robust, and stable.
Cryogenic ion mobility-mass spectrometry for the study of conformations of host-guest complexes
Authors: Ohshimo Keijiro , He Xi , Ito Ryosuke , Tsunoda Kengo , Tainaka Sota , Misaizu Fuminori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVariable-temperature cryogenic ion mobility-mass spectrometry (VT-Cryo-IM-MS) was developed to examine the conformations of host-guest complexes. The VT-Cryo-IM-MS consists of an electrospray ionization source, a quadrupole ion trap, a cryogenic ion drift tube, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The ion drift tube was cooled to 83 K with liquid nitrogen. Two sets of ion funnels are installed at the source and the drift tube to focus the ion beam. We used Li+-encapsulated fullerene (Li+@C60) as a reference ion to examine the ion-mobility resolution of the VT-Cryo-IM-MS apparatus because this ion has a rigid structure with a single conformer. The temperature dependence of collision cross section (CCS) of Li+@C60and the resolution of the apparatus were determined at each temperature. We examined the conformations of host-guest complexes of a series of metal ions (M = Ca2+, Na+, Ag+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) with dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) by Cryo-IM-MS. All CCS distributions were fitted with two Gaussian functions which are assigned to closed and open conformers. These closed and open conformers have different distances between the two benzene rings of DB24C8. The abundance ratio of closed conformers for these M(DB24C8) complex ions depends on the guest M ion with an order, Ca2+ < Na+ < Ag+ < Cs+ < Rb+ < K+. The stability of the closed conformer of K+(DB24C8) originates from the benzene ring positional relationship which is quite close to that of the free benzene dimer. This special benzene dimer-like conformation produces the strongπ-πinteraction between the benzene rings of K+(DB24C8).
A hybrid geological map of Sibelius Crater on Mercury, and its associated ejecta and impact melt deposits
Authors: Canale Marc , Wright Jack , Rothery David A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Using MESSENGER Mercury Dual Imaging System data, we produced three new maps of Sibelius Crater, Mercury. Geomorphological and spectral maps were combined into a single hybrid map containing units associated with ejecta deposits, crater floor landforms and impact melt ponding. Spatial measurement of these units shows that ∼50% of the mapped melt pond area lies within a large, degraded impact crater (crater B), beyond the significantly lower northern Sibelius rim, with a potential melt flow to a smaller, degraded impact structure further north (crater C). Freshly processed spectral data from the eight-colour Map Projected Multispectral Reduced Data Record data highlight the emplacement of multiple uplifted ejecta units with distinct spectral properties. A new, high-resolution digital elevation model was created to help define and analyse crater floor uplift features and disrupted crater rims and to create detailed cross-sections. These illustrate a proposed location of B's central uplift structure exposed in the northern wall slopes of Sibelius. Small features at the limit of visibility, such as a groove possibly associated with a rolling or sliding mega-boulder and lobate melt flow on the crater floor with accompanying channel opening, are highlighted for future investigations by BepiColombo's instruments once it reaches orbit.
Configure Your Federation: Hierarchical Attention-enhanced Meta-Learning Network for Personalized Federated Learning
Authors: Gao Yujia , Wang Pengfei , Liu Liang , Zhang Chi , Ma Huadong 
Published: April 2023

Federated learning, as a distributed machine learning framework, enables clients to conduct model training without transmitting their data to the server, which is used to solve the dilemma of data silos and data privacy. It can work well on clients having similar data characteristics and distribution. However, it has some limitations where the dataset of clients may be different in distribution, quantity, and concept in many application scenarios. Personalized federated learning is a new federated learning paradigm that aims to guarantee client personalized models’ effectiveness when collaborating with the cloud server. Intuitively, providing further facilitated collaborations for the clients with similar data characteristics and distribution can benefit personalized model building. However, due to the invisibility of client data, it is challenging to extract client characteristics and define collaborative relationships among them from a fine-grained view. Moreover, a reasonable collaborative training approach needs to be designed for a distributed server–client framework. In this article, we design a Hierarchical Attention-enhanced Meta-learning Network (HAM) to address this issue. The main advantage of HAM is that it utilizes the meta-learning approach of taking model parameters as features and learns to learn an extra model for each client to analyze similarities according to their local dataset automatically. According to its two-layers framework, HAM can reasonably achieve a tradeoff between clients’ personality and commonality and provides a hybrid model with useful information from all clients. Considering there are two networks (HAM and base network) that need to learn for each client during the federated training process, we then provide an alternative learning approach to train them in an end-to-end fashion. To further clarify the approach, we describe the personalized federated learning settings framework as FedHAM where the HAM network is distributed deployed in each client. Extensive experiments based on two datasets prove that our method outperforms state-of-the-art baselines under different evaluation metrics.
Efficient (Masked) Hardware Implementation of Grain-128AEADv2
Authors: Li Bohan , Zhang Hailong , Lin Dongdai 
Published: April 2023

We consider the efficient hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2, which is the second version of Grain-128AEAD (one of the lightweight cryptography finalist candidates). In order to counteract side-channel attacks, the efficient masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is also considered under the idea of domain-oriented masking. In detail, the so-called pipeline-like pre-computation technique is applied to increase the throughput-area ratio of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. The performance of the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is evaluated on ASIC and FPGA. For the unmasked version, the highest throughput-area ratio can be

2.14

M
b
p
s

/

G
E

on ASIC and

9.34

M
b
p
s

/

S
l
i
c
e

on FPGA. For the masked version, the highest throughput-area ratio can be

0.37

M
b
p
s

/

G
E

on ASIC and

1.72

M
b
p
s

/

S
l
i
c
e

on FPGA. Then, the security of the masked hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 is verified with the simulated T-Test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published work about the (masked) hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2. In light of this, this contribution may help researchers and practitioners to accurately compare the efficiency and the security of the hardware implementation of Grain-128AEADv2 with those of other lightweight cryptography algorithms.
Data from Abatacept/Ruxolitinib and Screening for Concomitant Respiratory Muscle Failure to Mitigate Fatality of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis
Authors: Salem Joe-Elie , Bretagne Marie , Abbar Baptiste , Leonard-Louis Sarah , Ederhy Stéphane , Redheuil Alban , Boussouar Samia , Nguyen Lee S. , Procureur Adrien , Stein Frederic , Fenioux Charlotte , Devos Perrine , Gougis Paul , Dres Martin , Demoule Alexandre , Psimaras Dimitri , Lenglet Timothee , Maisonobe Thierry , De Chambrun Marc Pineton , Hekimian Guillaume , Straus Christian , Gonzalez-Bermejo Jesus , Klatzmann David , Rigolet Aude , Guillaume-Jugnot Perrine , Champtiaux Nicolas , Benveniste Olivier , Weiss Nicolas , Saheb Samir , Rouvier Philippe , Plu Isabelle , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Kerneis Mathieu , Hammoudi Nadjib , Zahr Noel , Llontop Claudia , Morelot-Panzini Capucine , Lehmann Lorenz , Qin Juan , Moslehi Javid J. , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Similowski Thomas , Allenbach Yves 
Published: April 2023

<div>Abstract<p>Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor (ICI)–associated myotoxicity involves the heart (myocarditis) and skeletal muscles (myositis), which frequently occur concurrently and are highly fatal. We report the results of a strategy that included identification of individuals with severe ICI myocarditis by also screening for and managing concomitant respiratory muscle involvement with mechanical ventilation, as well as treatment with the CTLA4 fusion protein abatacept and the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib. Forty cases with definite ICI myocarditis were included with pathologic confirmation of concomitant myositis in the majority of patients. In the first 10 patients, using recommended guidelines, myotoxicity-related fatality occurred in 60%, consistent with historical controls. In the subsequent 30 cases, we instituted systematic screening for respiratory muscle involvement coupled with active ventilation and treatment using ruxolitinib and abatacept. The abatacept dose was adjusted using CD86 receptor occupancy on circulating monocytes. The myotoxicity-related fatality rate was 3.4% (1/30) in these 30 patients versus 60% in the first quartile (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). These clinical results are hypothesis-generating and need further evaluation.</p>Significance:<p>Early management of respiratory muscle failure using mechanical ventilation and high-dose abatacept with CD86 receptor occupancy monitoring combined with ruxolitinib may be promising to mitigate high fatality rates in severe ICI myocarditis.</p></div>
Novel Approaches for the Diagnosis of Concealed Nodo-Ventricular and His-Ventricular Pathways
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Hsia Henry H. , Wong Christopher X. , Ho Reginald T. , Tchou Patrick J. , Nissan Batel , Shauer Ayelet , Belhassen Bernard , Scheinman Melvin M. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Confirming the presence and participation of concealed nodo-ventricular (cNV) or concealed His-ventricular (cHV) pathways in tachyarrhythmias is challenging. We describe novel observations to aid in diagnosing cNV or cHV pathways.

Methods:
We present 7 cases of cNV and cHV pathway-mediated arrhythmias and focus on several laboratory observations: (1) differential ventricular overdrive pacing (VOD) from the base versus apex, (2) response to His refractory premature ventricular complexes, (3) paradoxical atriohisian response (shorter atriohisian interval during tachycardia than that during sinus rhythm) in long RP tachycardia, and (4) the role of adenosine to aid in the diagnosis.

Results:
Three cases underwent differential VOD during tachycardia. All demonstrated a shorter postpacing interval minus tachycardia cycle length during basal pacing than apical pacing with one case exhibiting apical VOD results compatible with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Basal VOD was useful for localizing the ventricular connection in a case with cHV pathway. In 3 cases, His refractory premature ventricular complexes reset the tachycardia without conduction to the atrium, which excluded the involvement of an atrioventricular pathway or atrial tachycardia, or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia alone. One case had His refractory premature ventricular complexes followed by subsequent constant AA interval and then tachycardia termination, suggesting a bystander cNV pathway involvement. Two cNV pathway cases presented with long RP tachycardia had paradoxical atriohisian shortening of >15 ms, suggesting parallel activation of the atrium and the atrioventricular node. Adenosine terminated the tachycardia with retrograde block in 2 cases with cNV pathways but had no response on a cHV pathway.

Conclusions:
cNV and cHV pathways mediated tachyarrhythmias can present with variable clinical presentations. We emphasize the important role of differential VOD sites, His refractory premature ventricular complexes that reset or terminate the tachycardia without conduction to the atrium, paradoxical atriohisian response in long RP tachycardia, and the use of adenosine for diagnosing cNV and cHV pathways.
Stopping a Continuous Movement: A Novel Approach to Investigating Inhibitory Control
Authors: Schultz Kelsey E. , Denning Dominique , Hufnagel Vanessa , Swann Nicole 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Flexible, adaptive behavior is critically dependent on inhibitory control. For example, if you suddenly notice you are about to step on a tack and would prefer not to, the ability to halt your ongoing movement is critical. However, this behavior is usually not probed by current inhibitory control tasks, which often focus instead on inhibiting a movement before its initiation. To address limitations in existing approaches for studying termination of an ongoing movement, we developed a novel stop task with which we can directly observe and compare prepared and reactive termination of a continuous movement. Here, we present and evaluate our novel continuous movement stop task (CMST) and compare task performance to performance on the traditional stop signal task. Our data reveal that the CMST effectively dissociates planned and unplanned stopping behaviors. We found that participants initiated and completed stopping significantly earlier on planned compared with unplanned stop trials and that the variability for each measure was greater for planned compared with unplanned stop trials. In addition, we found that the time at which participants initiated the stopping process was more variable than the time it took participants to complete the stopping process. We also found that participants slowed before stopping significantly more on planned than unplanned stop trials. Finally, our data suggest that preparatory mechanisms may be similar between the CMST and the traditional stop signal tasks, but that the tasks were not related by any other measure. The unambiguous quantification of prepared and reactive stopping behavior provided by the CMST will help support future investigation of different kinds of stopping behavior.
The Tactical Role of Rivers in Early Chinese Warfare
Authors: Tse Wicky W.K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article aims to study the tactical role of rivers in early Chinese warfare. Rivers or, broadly speaking, waterways served not only as defensive barriers and offensive weapons but also for logistical purposes, which was particularly crucial for military campaigns in the regions of Central and South China with their abundant river networks. Furthermore, this article also analyzes a few early Chinese cases of shore-based river-crossing campaigns, in which rivers functioned as barriers in land warfare. Some tactics were thus developed to overcome and even make use of the landscape to achieve victory in battles.
Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change: Global Landfall Frequency Projections Derived from Knutson et al.
Authors: Jewson Stephen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Projections of changes in tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics under climate change are of great interest to those affected by TCs. In a recent paper, Knutson et al. combined a large number of previous results to produce projections consisting of distributions of possible future TC frequencies, intensities, and rainfall rates. These distributions provide a great resource for users of TC information. However, to apply the distributions to impacts models may require the user to solve a number of technical challenges including modeling correlations, fitting distributions, interpolation, and converting the projections to properties at landfall. I consider the frequency and intensity changes, and implement solutions for each of these challenges using a combination of recently published research and a new methodology. This allows me to produce a dataset of TC projections that give frequency changes as a function of landfall region and intensity. Mean intensity changes can then be derived from frequency changes. The projections are presented in a format that allows them to be used in impacts models without further processing. The interpolation and landfall adjustments tend to increase the frequency changes. As a result, my projections give increasing mean frequencies of hurricane-strength landfalling TCs in four out of six global basins, with mean frequencies increasing by up to 16% for a 2°C increase in global mean surface temperature. My projections are highly uncertain, but include uncertainty estimates. They are designed to be a useful resource for anyone interested in possible future TC frequencies and intensities.