bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of dietary components on arterial stiffness
Authors: Yao Jingming , Chen Canwei , Deng Shiqu , Yang Ming , Xie Wenhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Arterial stiffness (AS) is a prevalent issue affecting the elderly population, emerges as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events (CVs), yet the impact of dietary components remains inconclusive.
Methods
This study employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to assess the causal association between specific nutrients and AS risk. Genomewide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for wheat products, pork, mutton, sugar as exposures, with the AS index as the outcome.
Results
Utilizing the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, genetically informed MR analysis reveals a noteworthy inverse correlation between wheat product consumption and AS risk (IVW, β: -2.043, 95% confidence interval(CI): [-2.724; -1.364], P = 3.87×109). Conversely, there exists a positive correlation between the intake of pork and mutton and the risk of AS. No significant links are observed for sugar consumption.
Conclusions
Increased wheat product intake reduces AS risk, while heightened pork and mutton intake elevates it, offering critical insights for AS prevention.
Effects of pH, Chloride, and Temperature on Copper Corrosion in an Aerobic Deep Geological Repository through Regression and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Lee Yun-Ho , Kim Yong-Won , Lim Jung-Min , Kang Un-Su , Kim Jung-Gu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The corrosion behavior of copper in aerobic deep geological repository (DGR) environment was investigated with respect to environmental factors (pH, chloride, and temperature) using electrochemical tests, surface analyses, response surface methodology (RSM), and corrosion simulation. A regression model describing the relationships between environmental factors and copper corrosion rate was developed using RSM. The corrosion rate of copper increased with increasing temperature and chloride ion concentration. Among the environmental factors, temperature had the most significant effect on the copper corrosion rate, while pH had little effect. This is attributed to chloride ions being the main reactive species in copper corrosion, with diffusion of reactive species and reaction rates increasing with temperature. The RSM results were consistent with the initial stage results of the corrosion simulation for the DGR environment. However, as time progressed, the corrosion simulation results indicated that only the effect of temperature was significant on the copper corrosion rate. This is due to the depletion of reactive species on the copper surface caused by their slow diffusion in the DGR environment. At this stage, the depletion of the oxygen as the oxidizing agent has the most significant effect. In conclusion, the RSM results effectively predict the corrosion rate of copper based on the environmental factors in the early stage of the DGR environment. However, the corrosion simulation revealed that the influence of environmental factors on the copper corrosion rate changes with immersion time. This study provides valuable insights into predicting copper corrosion in aerobic DGR environment.
Combined Effects of Weather and Health Shocks on Consumption in Rural Uganda
Authors: Amondo Emily Injete , Kornher Lukas , Isoto Rosemary , Mirzabaev Alisher , Bashaasha Bernard , von Braun Joachim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Compound and cascading shocks are common in rural areas and pose significant threats to food security and household welfare. While the importance of these combined shocks for rural communities is gaining attention, there is still very limited empirical research on the topic. This paper aims to assess the combined effects of weather and health shocks on the food, non-food, and total consumption of rural households in Uganda. Our analysis uses customized high-frequency panel household survey data collected across six waves, employing fixed effects quantile regression methods.
Results
The findings indicate that a short-term increase in temperature leads to a reduction in total consumption by 12–16%, with a more pronounced lagging effect on food consumption, which can be as high as 30%. Similarly, excessive rainfall adversely affects food consumption and diet diversity. The combined effects of health and weather shocks on consumption are negative and significant for lagged interaction terms, exhibiting varied effects across different household categories. Notably, the poorest quartile experiences the most substantial negative effects. Additionally, the findings reveal considerable consumption mobility among rural households over a 12-month period. Even households in the richest quartile may find themselves in the lowest consumption categories at certain times of the year. To manage these fluctuations in consumption, the poorest quartiles tend to rely on group networks and loans, while wealthier quartiles more frequently utilize remittances.
Conclusion and policy implications
Recognizing Uganda's vulnerability to extreme weather events and epidemics, this paper suggests key policy measures. Enhancing social protection through access to credit, social networks, safety nets, and health insurance can help households cope with climate challenges. These strategies will strengthen food system resilience and promote sustainable development.
Impact of Social Support on Self-Perceived Burden in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: The Mediating Roles of Family Care and Psychological Resilience
Authors: LI Mengjiao , Xujie ZHAO , Yan YANG , LIU Shuting , JIANG Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective To investigate the mediating effects of family care and psychological resilience in the relationship between social support and self-reported burden among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to establish the foundation for the development of interventions aimed at alleviating their perceived burden.
Methods A convenience sample of 539 patients PD was recruited from the nephrology departments of four hospitals in Shanghai between January and September 2024. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, which included sociodemographic information, the Family Care Index Questionnaire, the Psychological Resilience Scale, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Self-Perceived Burden Scale. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships among the variables, followed by the development and validation of a multiple mediation model.
Results Among patients undergoing PD, the mean scores for family care, psychological resilience, social support, and self-perceived burden were 4.45 ± 2.93, 49.61 ± 18.07, 30.03 ± 8.54, and 33.13 ± 7.94, respectively. Negative correlations were identified between family care, psychological resilience, social support, and self-perceived burden in PD patients. The multiple mediation model revealed that family care played a significant mediating role in the relationship between social support and self-perceived burden, while the mediating effect of psychological resilience did not reach statistical significance. Regarding the impact of social support on self-perceived burden, the total effect was -1.516, with a direct effect of -1.131 and an indirect effect mediated by family care of 0.208.
Conclusion Within the cohort of patients undergoing PD, family care plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between social support and self-perceived burden. This finding suggests that interventions aimed at strengthening family care may effectively reduce patients’ perceived burden and enhance their mental well-being during the course of clinical treatment.
Risks and benefits of ChatGPT in informing patients and families with rare kidney diseases- an explorative assessment by the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network (ERKNet)
Authors: Eerde Albertien M. van , Teixeira Ana , Galletti Flavia , Maternik Michal , Capone Valentina , Westland Rik , Mulder Jaap , Halbritter Jan Peter , Osterholt Thomas , Neukel Valentina , Weber Lutz Thorsten , Liebau Max C. Christoph , Schäfer Franz , Kohl Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Rare diseases affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 individuals, but approximately 150 rare kidney diseases account for about 10% of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) population, impacting millions across Europe and globally. The scarcity of medical experts for these conditions results in an unmet need for accurate and helpful patient information. Large language models like ChatGPT may offer a technological solution to assist medical professionals in educating patients and improving doctor-patient communication. We hypothesized that ChatGPT could provide accurate responses to frequently asked basic questions from patients with rare kidney diseases.
Methods:
Medical professionals and members of European Patient Advocacy Groups (ePAGs) affiliated with the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network (ERKNet) simulated patient-ChatGPT interactions using a Microsoft forms questionnaire and ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0. Participants selected any rare kidney disease for a structured conversation with ChatGPT-3.5 or 4.0. Responses were evaluated for accuracy and helpfulness.
Results:
46 ERKNet experts and 12 ePAGs from 13 European countries participated in this study. ChatGPT provided scientifically accurate and helpful information on 28 randomly selected rare kidney diseases, including prognostic information and genetic testing guidance. Participants expressed neutral positions regarding ChatGPT's recommendations on alternative treatments, second opinions, and other information sources. While ChatGPT generally was perceived as helpful and empathetic, concerns about patient safety persisted.
Conclusions:
ChatGPT exhibited substantial potential in addressing patient inquiries regarding rare kidney diseases in a real-world context. While it demonstrated resilience against misinformation in this application, careful human oversight remains essential and indispensable.
Real-world epidemiology of Uveitis: a retrospective three-tier healthcare facility-based comparison of its causes and visual outcome in Ube-City, Japan
Authors: Yanai Ryoji , Uchi Sho-Hei , Kondo Yukiko , Fujitsu Youichiro , Suzuki Katsuyoshi , Yoshimura Keiko , Kumagai Naoki , Egawa Mariko , Mitamura Yoshinori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to conduct a comparative epidemiological survey of uveitis across various healthcare settings and elucidate the clinical characteristics. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in the Ube-City medical region in Yamaguchi prefecture and recruited 268 patients from a university hospital (151 patients), municipal hospitals (51 patients), and private eye clinics (58 patients). Medical records of patients who were newly diagnosed with uveitis between January 2018 and December 2019 in the institutes were included, reviewed, and compared; main outcomes were number of uveitis causes and visual acuity. Panuveitis, which is associated with systemic diseases, such as Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease and sarcoidosis, was more prominent in university hospital patients. Conversely, anterior uveitis including traumatic iritis was prominently detected in general hospitals and private eye clinics. The best-corrected visual acuity improved to 1.0 (logMAR = 0); an improvement of 74%, 61%, and 54% was observed in private eye clinic, general hospital, and university hospital patients, respectively. This study identified differences in uveitis presentation and treatment across diverse clinical settings. The results of this study provide valuable real-world data for differentiating the causes of uveitis at university hospitals, general hospitals, and private eye clinics.
Eruptive history of the Mt Huangzuei, Eastern Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan, resolved by 40Ar-39Ar and zircon double-dating (ZDD) of lava flows
Authors: Pi Julien , Lee Yuan Hsi , Jabagat Karl D. , Miggins Daniel P. , Danišík Martin , Chu Mei Fei , Lai Yu Ming , Lo Yun Chieh , Lee Po Tsun , Lin Cheng Horng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) in northern Taiwan is part of the Northern Taiwan Volcanic Zone (NTVZ), formed in an extensional back-arc setting at the western end of the Ryukyu subduction system. Recent studies have shown that the TVG is much younger than previously thought, though reliable eruption ages are still scarce, complicating the reconstruction of its eruptive history. In this study, we used high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of plagioclase and groundmass, along with U-Th disequilibrium and U-Th/He dating of zircons (Zircon Double Dating, or ZDD), from andesitic lava flows to constrain eruption ages at Mt. Huangzuei in the eastern TVG. Our results, combined with previous data, propose five eruptive phases at Mt. Huangzuei: Stage I (~380 ka), Stage II (~141ka), Stage III (~107 ka), Stage IV (~90 ka), and Stage V (less than ~70 ka). Additionally, zircon U-Th crystallization age populations that overlap with eruption stages suggest a common magma source and reveal possible undocumented stages. These findings provide new insights into the volcanic history of the TVG, refining the eruptive timeline and offering constraints for future volcanic models in the region.
Effect of chlormethine hydrochloride combined with corticosteroids therapy in IgA Nephropathy: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Li Xiang , Huang Hongen , Xu Gaosi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis in adults, with up to 45% of patients progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) during their disease course. The optimal therapeutic approach for IgAN remains a subject of ongoing investigation. This study reports findings from a single-center retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with IgAN.
Methods
This retrospective study evaluated the treatment strategies and outcomes of biopsy-confirmed IgAN patients managed at our center between 2017 and 2022, with a specific focus on the efficacy of intravenous chlormethine hydrochloride combined with methylprednisolone (referred to as the "immunosuppressive treatment group"). A control group receiving standard supportive care was included for comparison.
Results
At baseline, the immunosuppressive treatment group exhibited poorer renal function and a higher body mass index. Other baseline parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups. Treatment with chlormethine hydrochloride combined with methylprednisolone led to significant renal function improvement, evidenced by a marked increase in eGFR during the observation period. Both groups demonstrated reductions in proteinuria over the follow-up period, with the immunosuppressive treatment group showing a greater reduction; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The remission rate of proteinuria was significantly higher in the immunosuppressive treatment group compared to the control group.
Conclusion
This study suggests that immunosuppressive therapy with chlormethine hydrochloride combined with methylprednisolone may improve renal function and proteinuria in IgAN patients. Although the role of immunosuppressive treatment in IgAN remains controversial, our findings suggest that a subset of patients may derive benefit from more intensive therapeutic strategies.
Analysis on Non-Preemptive Rate-Monotonic Schedulability
Authors: Park Moonju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of finding utilization bounds for non-preemptive Rate Monotonic (RM) scheduling, providing a comprehensive analysis of the non-preemptive RM schedulability. There have been attempts to find the utilization bounds for non-preemptive RM; some have only applicability to restricted task sets, and others have found utilization bounds that can be applied to all task sets but are pessimistic. It has been found that the blocking factor, which is the ratio of the maximum blocking time divided by the execution time, is closely related to the utilization bound for non-preemptive RM scheduling. In this paper, new utilization bounds for non-preemptive RM scheduling are introduced spanning the entire spectrum of the blocking factor, and enhance the utilization bound to be less pessimistic.
The study reveals that the ratio between task periods plays a pivotal role in determining the utilization bounds. For blocking factors less than 1 and maximum periods not exceeding double the minimum periods, the presented utilization bounds approach the utilization bounds for preemptive RM scheduling under specific conditions.
DPCRec-Dual Preferences Learning with Capsule Network for Next POI Recommendation
Authors: Song Yitong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The goal of the next Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation task is to predict a list of POIs that a user might visit next, based on their check-in history, including the locations and times of their check-ins. This list includes the probability of visiting each POI. Clearly, the performance of this task is closely related to how well the user's interests could be extracted. Previous research has made significant progress in this area, but there are still some challenges: 1) Current methods cannot fully extract user interests from different perspectives. 2) They struggle to effectively combine multiple or diverse user interests for prediction. In this paper, a Dual Interest Capsule Recommendation (DPCRec) is proposed to address these two issues. For the first problem, user interests are divided into long-term and short-term interests and introduce Advanced Long-Term Interest Feature Extractor(ALE) and Advanced Short-Term Interest Feature Extractor(ASE) to extract these interests separately. Among them, ALE uses a multi-head attention mechanism with deep attention and residual connections to capture long-term interests, while ASE employs a GRU module enhanced with attention and multi-gating techniques to capture short-term interests. For the second problem, a novel capsule network called Capsule Deep Pointer (CapsDP) is proposed by us, which effectively combines long-term and short-term interests and maps the hierarchical relationship between user interests and the POIs to be predicted. Extensive experiments on three datasets show that our model outperforms ten baseline models, achieving state-of-the-art results.
Challenges Of Managing Cancer Registry Data Quality In Head And Neck Cancer (HNSCC) At a Lower-Middle-Income-Country (LMIC)
Authors: Rashid Yasmin Abdul , Abbas Syed Akbar , zehra Nida e , Amir Tehreem , Zafar Maham , Kumail Quratulain , Jabbar Adnan Abdul , Syed Maria , Khurshid Mohammad , Mushtaq Naureen , Fadoo Zehra , Tabassum Saba , Dawood Tasneem 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the leading cause of cancer in Pakistani males. With 17,000 new cases and 10,000 deaths caused by oral SCC annually, it is imperative to maintain an accurate record to highlight regional distribution, cause of mortality, quality of life, prevention strategies, and issues like under-reporting.
Objectives
This study aims to determine the quality of data entered at our institute’s registry (Aga Khan University Hospital; AKUH) and to identify the challenges faced while managing this registry.
Methods
The study includes all patients in our database who presented to AKUH from 2018–2020 and were diagnosed with primary oral SCC. Inclusion criteria for cancer sites was based on The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology ICD-0-3 guidelines. Variables from each patient in the CNExT database were selected and the data was analyzed for completeness, validity, and timeliness.
Results
In our study, 71% of cases were > 40 years of age with 82% being male. 59% had a history of smokeless tobacco use. Cheek mucosa was the most common site (55%) followed by the ventral surface of the tongue (19%), lower gum (7%) & others (21%). Out of the 200 cases, 59% were clinically staged as IVA, 13% as stage II, and 12.5% as stage III. 96% of patients underwent surgical excision while 63% and 57.5% received radiation and chemotherapy respectively. Disease-free survival was < 1 year for 21% of cases and 1–2 years for 25%. Recurrence was reported in 24% of cases. In addition, patients presenting with T4 disease and ENE positivity recurred earlier. 72% were lost to follow-up. The data was 100% complete with 98.5% validity but 0% timeliness, which reflected the backlog due to resource constraints.
Conclusion
Cancer registry data quality for HNSCC in LMIC can vary significantly, however, it provides a basis to quantify the cancer burden. Managing data quality has several limitations which can be addressed by capacity-building and bridging cancer registries through national and international collaborations. These initiatives can help improve data quality and enhance cancer control and healthcare planning in LMICs.
The Prevalence and Factors Influencing Scabies among Elementary School Children in Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Solomon , Alem Mequanint , Bekele Damtew , Alemu Ashenafi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Human scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by the human itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. It is a significant public health issue, affecting over 200 million people globally, primarily children. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of scabies among elementary school children in the Yilmana Densa District, northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and clinical dermatological examination. A logistic regression analysis was used using SPSS version 26.0 to assess the strength of the association between scabies positivity and risk factors.
Results
The prevalence of scabies among elementary school children in the study area was 16.1% (65/404) with 95% CI (12.7% − 19.9%). Factors such as being male (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.016; 95% CI: 1.127–3.605, P-value = 0.018), attending Koti Primary School (AOR = 2.436; 95% CI: 1.020–5.946, P-value = 0.045), having a history of contact with confirmed scabies cases (AOR = 32.654; 95% CI: 12.758–83.580, P < 0.001), infrequent washing of clothes (AOR = 9.234; 95% CI: 2.241–38.545, P = 0.002), using only water for washing hands (AOR = 5.128; 95% CI: 1.573–16.718, P = 0.007), sharing clothes with scabies-infected individuals (AOR = 12.616; 95% CI: 4.774–33.340, P < 0.001), and poor knowledge of scabies (AOR = 3.500; 95% CI: 1.442–8.493; P = 0.006) were identified as significant risk factors associated with scabies infestation.
Conclusions
The present study shows that there is a high prevalence of scabies among elementary schoolchildren. Therefore, it is crucial to provide comprehensive health education on preventing and controlling scabies. This should include a strong emphasis on good personal hygiene, avoiding sharing clothes, and thorough hand washing with soap.