bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of proinflammatory cytokine and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells for fracture healing in long term diabetic mice
Authors: Fujikawa Hitomi , Kojima Hideto , Terashima Tomoya , Katagi Miwako , Yayama Takafumi , Kumagai Kosuke , Mori Kanji , Saito Hideki , Imai Shinji 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes bone dysfunction due to poor bone quality and leads to severe deterioration of quality of life. The mechanisms of bone metabolism in DM remain unclear, although chemical and/or mechanical factors are known to disrupt the homeostasis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to identify the biochemical characteristics of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, using a mouse fracture model of long-term hyperglycemia (LT-HG).Methods C57BL/6J mice and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive bone marrow transplanted C57BL/6J mice with LT-HG in which hyperglycemia was maintained for 2 months were used in this study. After the experimental fracture, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of proinsulin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α at the fracture site. C57BL/6J fracture model mice without hyperglycemia were used as the control sample.Results In the LT-HG mice, osteoblasts showed an irregular arrangement at the fracture site. The osteoclasts were scattered with a decrement in the number of nuclei. The positive expression of proinsulin was seen in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with neovascularization 2 and 3 weeks after fracture. Immunopositivity for TNF-α was seen in immature chondrocytes or MSCs with neovascularization at 2 weeks, and the number of positive cells was not decreased at 3 weeks. Examination of GFP-grafted hyperglycemic mice showed that the majority of cells at the fracture site were GFP-positive. Immunohistochemistry showed that the rate of double positives was 15% for GFP and proinsulin and 47% for GFP and TNF-α.Conclusion LT-HG induced an increase in the number of proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells derived from systemic bone marrow cells. The proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells cause both bone formation and bone resorption, and they suppress inflammatory cytokines and impair glucose metabolism.
Analysis of the relationship between EEG burst suppression and poor prognosis in children under general anaesthesia: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, pragmatic clinical trial
Authors: XU QIAN , Zhang Jianmin , Gao Zhengzheng , li shanshan , Li Gan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Emergence delirium (ED) in children refers to the immediate postoperative period when children experience decreased perception of their surroundings, accompanied by disorientation and altered perception. Burst suppression (BS) is an electroencephalographic state associated with profound inactivation of the brain. Our primary objective was to determine the association between BS on electroencephalogram (EEG) under general anaesthesia with postoperative wake-up delirium and multiple adverse outcomes, such as prolonged awakening and extubation.
Methods: In this prospective, observational cohort study at Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, children aged 6 months to 9 years who underwent surgery under general anaesthesia and underwent EEG monitoring between January 2022 and January 2023 were included. Patients' prefrontal EEGs were recorded intraoperatively as well as analysed for the occurrence and duration of BS and scored postoperatively for delirium by the PAED scale, with a score of no less than 10 considered as having developed wake-up delirium.
Discussion: This study identified a relationship between EEG BS and postoperative awakening delirium under general anaesthesia in children and provides a novel preventive strategy for postoperative awakening delirium and multiple adverse outcomes in paediatric patients.
Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055256. Registered on January 5, 2022
Dynamic alterations in metabolomics and transcriptomics associated with intestinal fibrosis in a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced murine model
Authors: Wu Jinzhen , Tian Zhenyi , Zhuang Xiaoduan , Chen Riyu , Fan Tingting , Li Jiayun , Wang Xinying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background & aims:Intestinal fibrosis is a common and severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease without clear pathogenesis. Abnormal expression of host genes and metabolic perturbations might associate with the onset of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the development of intestinal fibrosis and the dynamic alterations in both fecal metabolites and host gene expression.Methods:We induced intestinal fibrosis in a murine model using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS-treated or control mice were sacrificed after 4 and 6 weeks of intervention; alterations incolonic genes and fecal metabolites were determined by transcriptomics and metabolomics, respectively. Differential, tendency, enrichment, and correlation analyses were performed to assess the relationship between host genes and fecal metabolites.Results:RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that 679 differential genes with enduring changes were mainly enriched in immune response-related signaling pathways and metabolism-related biological processes. Among them, 15 lipid metabolism-related genes were closely related to the development of intestinal fibrosis. Moreover, the fecal metabolic profile was significantly altered during intestinal fibrosis development, especially the lipid metabolites. Particularly, dynamic perturbations in lipids were strongly associated with alterations in lipid metabolism-related genes expression. Additionally, six dynamically altered metabolites might serve as biomarkers to identify colitis-related intestinal fibrosis in the murine model.Conclusions:Intestinal fibrosis in colitis mice might be related to dynamic changes in gene expression and metabolites. These findings could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis.
Surface modification of TiO2 with a less expensive metal (iron) to exploit solar energy in photocatalysis: An ecological and economical solution
Authors: Amiri Rania , Bourezgui Aymen , Djeridi Wahid , Dappozze Frederic , Houas Ammar , Guillard Chantal , Elsellami Leila 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

To degrade the tryptophan molecule through photocatalysis, the exploitation of solar energy in the present study necessitated the use of visible light active photocatalysts. Iron-transition metal nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of TiO2 powders through an impregnation method to obtain X%Fe-TiO2 for the purpose of improving the optical absorption of TiO2 in the visible light region. The effects of iron percentage (X%: 2,4 and 5), iron oxidation state and pH on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 modified under solar irradiation were thoroughly studied. The characterization results by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) indicate that iron nanoparticles were successfully fixed on the TiO2 surface. The absorption wavelengths of all X%Fe-TiO2 photocatalysts shifted towards the visible, confirming successful modification of the TiO2 surface with iron. Based on the empirical results, X%Fe-TiO2 nanomaterials demonstrate a higher activity compared with the unmodified TiO2 under solar irradiation. The 4%Fe(III)-TiO2 photocatalyst, in particular, displayed the highest photocatalytic activity at natural pH. The degradation was complete in 60 min. Therefore, it is interesting to note that iron had more functions and benefits than noble metals. The mechanism of the Fe-TiO2 system has been proposed in detail.
Different clinical phenotypes of AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD in two first degree relatives.
Authors: Ssemmanda Salvatore , Musubire Abdu Kisekka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG)–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has not been reported in members of the same family in Sub Saharan Africa. We report the uncommon scenario in which a Ugandan middle aged HIV positive woman was diagnosed with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD presenting with severe longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis one year after her HIV negative daughter had been diagnosed with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD presenting with asymmetric bilateral moderately severe optic neuritis. We discuss pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie familial presentation of AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD.Case Presentation: Case 1 a 54-year-old female teacher with a 20-year history of HIV infection, who was virally suppressed on Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir-HAART regimen and presented with 8 months of progressive quadriparesis and urinary incontinence with a T6 sensory level. She had gadolinium enhancing longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis on MRI and was AQP4-IgG positive on serum studies. She received IV Methylprednisone 1g daily for 3 days as a pulse and was continued on tapering doses of oral Prednisone with maintenance doses of Azathioprine. She showed slow improvements in limb motor function. Her daughter, case 2, is a 35-year-old HIV negative nutritionist, independently ambulant, with no known comorbidities or precedent autoimmune disease. She presented 1 year before her mother's AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD diagnosis with 7 months history of bilateral visual loss of rapid onset, with gadolinium-enhancing optic nerves on Brain and orbit MRI, in keeping with bilateral optic neuritis. She was AQP4-IgG positive on serum studies. She stabilized on tapered doses of oral Prednisone and continues daily oral Azathioprine with moderate improvement in her vision and no further relapses.Conclusions: We add to existing literature and hypothesize that NMOSD appears to show a complex genetic background. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Sub-Saharan Africa, of familial AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD presenting with clinical heterogeneity between first degree relatives. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including genome wide studies for particular risk loci for familial NMOSD, will be pivotal for future preventative and therapeutic strategies.
NHC-Catalyzed Enantioselective Access to β-Nitrile Carboxylic Esters via In Situ Substrate Alternation and Release
Authors: Chi Yonggui Robin , Wang Qingyun , Wu Shuquan , Zou Juan , Liang Xuyang , Mou Chengli , Zheng Pengcheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed asymmetric access to chiral β-nitrile carboxylic esters is disclosed. The reaction proceeds between β,β-disubstituted enals and aromatic thiols involving enantioselective protonation of the enal β-carbon atoms. Two main factors contribute to the success of this reaction. One involves in situ ultrafast addition of the aromatic thiol substrates to the carbon-carbon double bond of the enal substrate. This reaction converts nearly all the enal substrate to a Thiol-click Intermediate, which dramatically reduces the concentration of the aromatic thiol substrates and suppresses the homo-coupling reaction of enals. Another factor is an in situ facile release of the enal substrate from the Thiol-click Intermediate for the desired reaction to proceed effectively. The optically enriched β-nitrile carboxylic esters from our method can be readily transformed to medicines that include γ-aminobutyric acids derivatives such as Rolipram, Phenibut and Baclofen. In addition to synthetic utilities, our control of reaction outcomes via in situ substrate modulation and release can likely inspire future reaction development.
An explication of the 800-day COVID-19 pandemic spread behaviour of seven countries from different continents and the world total in a non-linear time series framework
Authors: TATLIPINAR HASAN , KAVAL Mesut 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The time series consisting of 800-day COVID-19 spread data from USA, Germany, Brazil, India, Japan, Egypt, Turkey, and world total taken from the Our World in Data database, was analysed within the framework of non-linear time series. Correlogram diagrams, Fourier power spectra and Lyapunov exponents were examined for each series and it was seen that they did not behave linearly. For these non-linear time series, the lag time and embedded dimension were calculated and 3-dimensional phase spaces for each case were constructed. By examining the constructed phase space profiles, the spread dynamics of COVID-19 in each country and the world total is discussed comparatively. As a result of the phase space analysis, it was seen that the spread of COVID-19 was complex and three different complex behaviour patterns emerged according to the examined countries. This behavioral decomposition was also seen in the correlogram diagrams of the countries, the Fourier power spectrum and the Lyapunov exponents. The nonlinear time series method we used will contribute to the understanding of the qualitative characteristics of the complex behaviour of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Detection-driven 3D Masking for Efficient Object Grasping
Authors: LI LULU , CHEROUAT Abel , SNOUSSI Hichem , HU Ronghua , WANG Tian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Robotic arms are currently in the spotlight of the industry of future, but their efficiency faces huge challenges. The efficient grasping of the robotic arm, replacing human work, requires visual support. In this paper, we first propose to augment end-to-end deep learning gasping with a object detection model in order to improve the efficiency of grasp pose prediction. The accurate positon of the object is difficult to obtain in the depth image due to the absent of the label in point cloud in an open environment. In our work, the detection information is fused with the depth image to obtain accurate 3D mask of the point cloud, guiding the classical GraspNet to generate more accurate grippers. The detection-driven 3D mask method allows also to design a priority scheme increasing the adaptability of grasping scenarios. The proposed grasping method is validated on multiple benchmark datasets achieving state-of-the-art performances.
A synergy between sustainable solid waste management and the circular economy in Tanzania cities: a case of scrap metals trade in Arusha city
Authors: Onesmo Clashon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The increased demand for secondary materials, particularly scrap metals, in cities due to development activities in both emerging economies and developing countries has increased the demand for recycling materials. It accelerated the growth of the circular economy and climate-smart development. This paper investigated the synergy between sustainable solid waste management and the circular economy in Tanzanian cities by examining the scrap business’s categories, quantity, market, and nature and the scrap business’s environmental benefits in Arusha. The study found that iron steel, cast iron, and aluminum were the most common scrap metal recovered and traded in Arusha. Offices and institutions, households, and garages were the primary sources of scraps. Over 314 tonnes of scrap metal were traded monthly in the city. The scrap business helped the steel industries save 300 tons of iron ore, 164 tons of coal, and 64 tons of bauxite while lowering their monthly energy consumption by 56%. Scrap metal trade contributes significantly to recycling, climate-smart, circular economy, and improving livelihoods. As a result, we call for a synchronized sustainable development and solid waste management system that connects product design, development manufacturing, and end-of-life products to improve the circular economy.
Non-Newtonian nanofluid flow across an exponentially stretching sheet with viscous dissipation: Numerical study using a SCM based on Appell-Changhee polynomials
Authors: Khader M. M. , Babatin M. M. , Megahed Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of heat generation, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field on the characteristics of non-Newtonian Williamson nanofluid flow caused by an exponential stretching sheet implanted in a porous media. The process of heat transfer is examined while taking into account how the temperature affects the thermal conductivity as well as the viscosity of the Williamson nanofluids. Also, the analysis of their flow performances under the influence of slip velocity was the study’s main contribution. Using the spectral collocation technique (SCM), the equations that describe the current problem are transformed into a collection of ordinary differential equations and then solved. The spectral collocation method (SCM) proposed here basically depends on the properties of the Appell-type Changhee polynomials (ACPs). First, with the aid of ACPs, we develop an approximate derivative formula. Through this procedure, the provided model is transformed into a nonlinear set of algebraic equations. Physical factors of interest, such as skin friction, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number, are explained using tabular expressions. Data are displayed as graphs for the nanofluid’s velocity, temperature, and concentration. The primary findings showed that, increasing the Williamson, the magnetic, thermal conductivity and Brownian parameters significantly improves the thermal field. Finally, testing the suggested method with specific cases from some past literature-based publications reveals a good degree of agreement.
Crystallization, Morphology, Optical Properties, Tear Properties and Antibacterial Properties of Nano Zinc Oxide Composites
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Li-zhi , Tian Chengcheng , Wang Yuanxia , Song Lixin , shi ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nanometer Zinc oxide (nano ZnO) composites are widely used in the packaging industry due to their excellent antibacterial properties. In this study, low-doped (0.2%) and high-antibacterial (99.9%, R = 6.9) nano ZnO composites with different matrices were prepared using a masterbatch blending method. To investigate the effect of different matrices on antibacterial properties, we decreased the solid content of nano ZnO to 0.05% and prepared antibacterial films by melt-blending with ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and amorphous polymer polycarbonate (PC). The results showed that low melt strength and high crystallinity would decrease the antibacterial activity of the composite. At room temperature, the PC with a frozen molecular chain can hinder the migration of small molecules, thereby reducing antibacterial activity. Polar ZnO is more compatible with polar vinyl acetate (VA), leading to the hindered surface migration of ZnO and reduced antibacterial activity. Most importantly, low crystallinity does not necessarily lead to a reduction in barrier properties. The dense and rich layered arrangement of polyolefin elastomer (POE) increases its ability to impede the migration of nano ZnO, thereby significantly reducing its antibacterial effectiveness. A concentration of 0.05% ZnO/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) exhibited an antibacterial rate of up to 99.3%. Additionally, adding a small amount of nano ZnO improves the tear resistance of antibacterial composite materials. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of low doping, high antibacterial and excellent comprehensive performance.
Facial sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis In Madagascar: serial cases
Authors: Andrianarison M. , Sendrasoa FA , Rakotosaona MF , Rasamoelina TM , Sata M , Ranaivo IM , Ramarozatovo LS , Rabenja F Rapelanoro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective our study aims to determine the epidemiological and clinical management of deep facial mycosis cases.Methods We have conducted a prospective descriptive study of facial sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis cases at the two dermatology departments of Antananarivo University Hospital to document current various forms of facial infections.Results The study spanned over a period of five years, from 2013 to 2017. We have found 148 cases of deep mycoses, including 63 cases (42.6%) of sporotrichosis and 50 cases (33.9%) of chromoblastomycosis. Nine cases (6%) of deep mycoses on the face have been recorded, 5 of which are children aged 5 to 15. Infections are mostly located on the palpebral region, affecting 80% of the screened patients. All patients were treated orally with itraconazole.Conclusion being children, auto-inoculation and infection of other family member are risks factors for facial chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis contamination
Dual-Responsive Polymers Synthesized via RAFT Polymerization for Controlled Demulsification and Desorption
Authors: Ma Hao , Cameron Alexandre 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Intelligent polymers responsive to the environment have aroused widespread interest in many applications of materials and interfaces. However, sensitive control of the oil-water interface remains a major challenge, using reversible self-assembly of macromolecules induced by external stimuli. Here, we synthesized a new amphiphilic triblock copolymer responsive to pH and UV light via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous polymerization. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) acts as the hydrophilic block; poly(N, N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and poly(methacrylamide azobenzene) (PMAAAB) are the hydrophobic blocks with responsiveness. The as-synthesized polymer was measured regarding UV–vis transmittance and contact angle to verify the tunable amphiphilicity and wettability by the double stimulation. The newly developed dual-responsive polymer was applied for oil/water separation and controlled dye release. With the synergic stimulation of pH and UV light, efficient separation for oil-in-water emulsions (separation efficiency: 66.8% in 15 min) and excellent desorption for adsorbed dyes (desorption efficiency: 93.8% in 15 min) are achieved.
Impact of melt flow and surface tension on gap bridging during laser beam welding
Authors: Volpp Joerg 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Laser beam welding is an essential technology to enable the transformation to enforce e-mobility. When manufacturing light weight structures like the chassis, precision, speed, quality and low deformation can be expected when using the laser beam as a welding heat source. However, the laser beam is typically used at small dimensions and can fail to transfer its energy to the joining partners when the gap between them becomes large. Beam shaping technologies have developed in the last years to be flexibly used for high-power processes and provide an opportunity to alter the energy input and thereby improve the welding quality and gap bridgability. In this work, multi-spot beam shaping was analyzed using up to nine spots. Experiments were performed using different beam shapes in order to redistribute the energy input, recording the process using high-speed imaging for detection of melt pool dimensions. Those were used as input for a simplified analytical model predicting the process collapse based on the available melt material. Several beam shapes created melt pools that support the material availability behind the keyhole(s). Numerical simulations showed that directed melt flows induced by the keyhole(s) can increase the gap bridgability.