bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting nitrate leaching from an abandoned Moso bamboo forest and a Japanese cedar plantation: Role of vegetation in mitigating nitrate leaching
Authors: Fu Dongchuan , Chiwa Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Nitrate (NO3−) leaching from forest ecosystems can differ depending on the plant species because of differences in nitrogen (N) retention capacities. Abandoned Moso bamboo, which invades adjacent woody forests worldwide, has high nitrate reductase activity and may increase N retention. However, little is known about the effect of bamboo invasion on forest NO3− leaching and its potential factors.
Methods
We measured NO3− concentrations in soil solutions at a Moso bamboo site (BF) and an adjacent Japanese cedar plantation (CF). We also evaluated soil nitrification and plant N uptake by the in situ depletion method.
Results
The NO3− concentration in the soil solution below the root zone (50 cm) was lower in BF (48 ± 8 µmol L-1) than in CF (305 ± 16 µmol L− 1). The NO3− concentration in the soil solution was significantly higher for surface soil (0–5 cm) (111 ± 11 µmol L− 1) than for soil below the root zone in BF, but not significantly different between these two layers in CF (357 ± 25 µmol L− 1), indicating high N retention in BF. The net nitrification rates, root NO3− uptake rates, and fine root biomass were higher in BF than in CF, indicating that plant N uptake could be the main contributors to the low NO3− leaching.
Conclusions
Bamboo invasion has the potential to mitigate forest NO3− leaching due to its high N uptake. Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation with higher N uptake in enhancing N retention under elevated atmospheric N deposition.
Effects of intraoperative Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on emergency agitation during General Anesthesia in patients undergoing Radical Mastectomy: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Su Yan-hong , Luo De-cai , Pang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency agitation is a common postoperative complication in patients under general anesthesia, which can lead to unpredictable damages such as shedding of drainage tube and bleeding from the wound. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether intraoperative infusion of Magnesium Sulfate reduces the incidence of emergency agitation (EA) in patients undergoing radical mastectomy, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy.MethodsA total of 70 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the Magnesium group (M group) and the control group (C group). After a routine intravenous anesthetic induction, patients in the M group received a 30mg/kg bolus of intravenous magnesium during the first hour and then a continuous infusion of 10mg/kg ×h until the end of the surgery, patients in the C group received 0.9% saline at the same volume and rate. The sedation-agitation scale (SAS) and the visual analogue scale were used to assess agitation and pain, respectively.ResultsCompared to the C group, the M group reduced the incidence of EA significantly (odds ratio 0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.71, P = 0.009). The postoperative pain scores of the two groups were comparable. Additionally, the M group required a lower dosage of remifentanil during surgery compared to the C group(300.4 ± 84 versus 559.3 ± 184µg, respectively, P<0.001).Conclusionsthe administration of intraoperative magnesium sulfate infusion is a safe and effective method for reducing the incidence of emergency agitation in patients undergoing radical mastectomy.Trail registration:The study was registered in Chictr.org with the identifier: ChiCTR2300070595 on 18/04/2023.
Teres lift-up technique: A case-control study for an alternative route for laparoscopic entry in gynecologic and oncologic surgery
Authors: Afsar Selim , Usta Ceyda Sancaklı , Usta Akın , Lafcı Duygu , Gunay Izel , Karabudak Can Berk 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Laparoscopic surgery is the favored method for the surgical treatment of gynecologic diseases and malignancies. We havedefined an anatomic landmark-based, easy-to-perform, novel opening laparoscopic-entry technique named the ligamentum teres lift-up technique (TLU) that can be used in obese or normal-weight patients to tackle the risks of the closed laparoscopic entry technique, namely, Veress needle entry (VNE).
Study Design
In this case-control study, the patients were randomly allocated to either the TLU group (n = 36) or the VNE group (n = 36) in a 1:1 ratio. The patients were tiered according to their BMI as follows: BMI between 20-25 (average weight), 25-30 (overweight), 30-35 (class I obesity), and 35-40 (class II obesity). Both laparoscopic access techniques were compared according to the entry time, vascular or visceral injuries, insufflation failures, trocar-related complications, and omental damage.
Results
The TLU group had a considerably shorter entry time than the VNE group (74,43±21,45 sec versus 192,73±37,93 sec; p <.001). Only one failed insufflation occurred in the VNE group (p =.32); however, that patient was successfully insufflated with the TLU technique. Only one intestinal injury was seen in the VNE group, encountered during trocar site closure (p =.32). The subgroup analyses of the TLU and VNE groups based on BMI tiers revealed a continuation of the statistical significance of entry time between BMI-matched groups.
Conclusion
The current study proves that the novel TLU technique provides an alternative, validated, and rapid access to the abdominal cavity in normal-weight and obese patients. This new approach offers an easy-to-teach and easy-to-perform technique for surgical mentors and residents in gynecologic and oncologic surgeries.
Valorization of Capsicum annuum seed extract as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Hajji-Hedfi Lobna , Rhouma Abdelhak , Al-Judaibi Awatif A. , Hajlaoui Hichem , Hajlaoui Fedi , Abdel-Azeem Ahmed M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal agent of gray mold, is an airborne pathogen that causes significant damage to tomato crops worldwide at all development stages and post-harvest. In this study, the aqueous extract of Capsicum annuum seeds was screened for its phytochemical constituents and assessed at various concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 60%) for antifungal activity in vitro. Selected biochemical, pathological, agronomical, physicochemical, and morphometrical traits were investigated to determine the effectiveness of applying the aqueous seed extract and salicylic acid either separately or in combination to tomato seeds and fruits in vivo. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous seed extract showed the presence of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, phenolic and flavonoid contents, quinic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-o-rhamonosic, kaempferol, naringenin, and apigenin at various concentrations. The findings suggested that the aqueous extract at a concentration of 60% was most efficient in vitro where mycelial growth was < 3.8 mm, mycelial growth inhibition was > 52%, and mycelial growth rate of < 1.05 mm/h. In vivo, the combined treatments of tomato seeds produced the greatest reduction in gray mold damage (disease severity index 8.67%) and the most favorable growth parameters of seedlings were chlorophyll a > 1.50 mg/g.f.Wt.; chlorophyll b > 1.76 mg/g.f. Wt.; total chlorophyll content > 3.26 mg/g.f.Wt.; seedling fresh weight > 0.43 g; seedling length > 12.43 cm, respectively. Combined preventive treatment applied to tomato fruits inoculated with B. cinerea resulted in the lowest disease severity (percentage of fruit area covered by gray mold < 33.33%; disease severity index < 46.67%) and the most favorable physicochemical attributes (water content < 98.28%; juice yield > 53.35%; pH < 3.59; titratable acidity > 1.37 g/10 ml juice; Brix degree > 4.73; nitrate content < 383.33 mg/kg; electrical conductivity < 2.47 mS/cm) and morphometrical attributes (fruit firmness > 3.03). The combined treatments resulted in the strongest activity of peroxidase (> 4.162 units/mg/min), ascorbate peroxidase (> 31.66 µmol/mg/min), and malondialdehyde (> 3.90 µmol/g) on the tomato fruits. The aqueous extract of C. annuum seeds combined with salicylic acid had positive effects in terms of inhibiting B. cinerea and is thus a promising and environmentally friendly alternative substitute for chemical fungicides towards sustainable agriculture under climate change.
Experimental study on treatment of leachate concentrate from disk-tube reverse osmosis treatment in a waste incineration plant by gas-liquid contact evaporation
Authors: Yuan Qi , Huang Yaji , Qi Erbing , Liu Changqi , Wang Xinye , Wu Yongchao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Gas-liquid contact evaporation is a promising and effective technology for treatment of leachate concentrate (LC) in the waste incineration plant as this technology can utilize local resource such as anaerobic biogas and heat air passing through air preheater in the waste incineration plant turning LC into supplying water for circulating cooling water system. the influence of pH, temperature of air preheater and rate of evaporation on COD and NH3-N in condensate water were investigated in a laboratory-scale evaporator to identify the optimum operation of this technology. The results showed that the COD concentration in condensate water obviously decreased with increase of temperature of air preheater as higher temperature of air preheater led to higher the initial evaporation temperatures, the evaporation rate of water was significantly greater than that of small molecular organic matters with lower boiling point than water. COD in condensate water decreased with the increase of pH, as and the amount of volatile organic matters such as fatty acids, which were hydrolyzed, escaped from LC to condensate water decreased. The rate of evaporation had little influence on COD in the condensate water. NH3-N concentrations in condensate water in all experimental groups were far away from the limit value (14 mg/L) in the water quality standard for industry uses (GB/T 19923 − 2005) in China. When the condensate water can meet the water quality standard for using as supplying water for circulating cooling water system, the energy consumption, carbon emission and economic cost were lowest at the optimum condition which was at 450 ℃ of temperature of air preheater and pH = 6 of LC when CF = 10. The conclusions can promote the industrial application of direct contact evaporation treatment of LC.
Potential current and future distribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Colombia: important disease vectors
Authors: Jurado Estefania Mejia , Cárdenas Emmanuel Echeverry , Obando Oscar Alexander Aguirre 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Invasive mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (African) and Aedes albopictus (Asian), are global vectors of dengue, Zika and chikungunya and are present in Colombia. For this reason, the objective was to know the potential geographic distribution of the A. aegypti and A. albopictus vectors under current and future conditions in Colombia. For this, a data set was formed with the records for each species in its native area and in Colombia, which, together with layers of bioclimatic variables, were implemented in ecological niche models (ENM). To estimate in current conditions, the Wallace platform was used, while for future estimations, under three climate change scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) in two time periods (2041–2060 and 2081–2100), the MaxEnt software was used. Additionally, the niche overlap was plotted and the ideal area and the population at risk in Colombia were quantified. It is suggested that both species share ideal areas in the central and western zones of the country, occupying over 70% of extension, where A. aegypti would reach maximum altitudes of 3,300 m and A. albopictus up to 3,000 m. In the future for both species it is estimated that, with higher emissions, the potential distribution could decrease, but they could invade areas with altitudes above 3,000 m (colder). It is concluded that, currently, A. aegypti and A. albopictus could have similar geographic distribution in Colombia and that, in the following years, climate change could lead to latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the distribution areas of these vectors.
Photocobilins integrate B12 and bilin photochemistry for enzyme control
Authors: Scrutton Nigel , Zhang Shaowei , Poddar Harshwardhan , Yu Yuqi , Liu Chuanyang , Patel Kaylee , Jeffreys Laura , Zhu Lingyun , Yan Cunyu , Schirò Giorgio Giorgio , Weik Martin , Sakuma Michiyo , Levy Colin , Leys David , Heyes Derren 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Photoreceptor proteins utilise chromophores to sense light and trigger a biological response. The discovery that cobalamin (vitamin B12) can act as a light-sensing chromophore heralded a new field of B12-photobiology. Although microbial genome analysis indicates that photoactive B12-binding domains form part of more complex protein architectures, regulating a range of molecular–cellular functions in response to light, experimental evidence is lacking. Here we identify and characterise a sub-family of multi-centre photoreceptors, termed photocobilins, that use B12 and biliverdin (BV) to sense light across the visible spectrum. Crystal structures reveal close juxtaposition of the B12 and BV chromophores, an arrangement that facilitates optical coupling. Light-triggered conversion of the B12 affects quaternary structure, in turn leading to light-activation of associated enzyme domains. The apparent widespread nature of photocobilins implies involvement in light regulation of a wider array of biochemical processes, and thus expand the scope for B12 photobiology. Their characterisation provides inspiration for the design of broad-spectrum optogenetic tools and next generation bio-photocatalysts.
Isoflurane enhances the expression of circ_0088233 to promote the malignancy of prostate cancer through circ_0088233-mediated miR-33b-5p/HIF1A pathway
Authors: Rong Lu , Xue Huanzhou , Hao Jianwei , Liu Jianjun , Xu Hao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The effects of isoflurane (Iso) on the viability and migration of cancer cells is crucial for the use of Iso in tumor resection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Iso on the function of prostate cancer (PCa) in cell proliferation, survival and migration, and to explore the potential mechanism of isoflurane action from the perspective of circular RNA (circRNA).
Methods
The effects of Iso on cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell invasion and cell migration were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The expression of circ_0088233, microRNA-33b-5p (miR-33b-5p) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The underlying relationship between miR-33b-5p and circ_0088233 or HIF1A was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Animal study was conducted to determine the effects of Iso in vivo.
Results
Iso enhanced PCa cell viability, invasion and migration and inhibited cell apoptosis. Iso promoted the expression of circ_0088233, and circ_0088233 knockdown partly abolished the effects of Iso and thus inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors. MiR-33b-5p was a target of circ_0088233, and HIF1A was a target of miR-33b-5p. Circ_0088233 knockdown inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors by enriching miR-33b-5p, and miR-33b-5p restoration inhibited PCa cell malignant behaviors by sequestering HIF1A. Iso contributed to tumor growth in vivo by increasing circ_0088233 expression.
Conclusion
Iso strengthened the expression of circ_0088233 to promote the malignant development of PCa through circ_0088233-mediated miR-33b-5p/HIF1A pathway.
Colonization routes uncovered in a widely introduced Mediterranean gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae)
Authors: Rato Catarina , Deso Gregory , Renet Julien , Delaugerre Michel Jean , Marques Valéria , Mochales-Riaño Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to understand the contemporary and ancient colonization routes of the Moorish gecko,Tarentolamauritanica, using simple sequence repeats (SSRs). By analyzing the genetic diversity of populations in different regions, we found that Morocco is the genetic diversity hotspot for the species, followed by the Iberian Peninsula. However, historical gene flow estimates identified the Iberian Peninsula, not Morocco, as the primary contributor of colonizing individuals, along with continental Italy to a lesser extent. Currently, mainland Italy is the main source of introduced individuals, likely due to plant nursery trade. The study suggests that human-facilitated introductions from various geographical origins, with numerous regions colonized through continental Italy during two distinct periods, are responsible for the recurrent entry of individuals belonging to the European lineage of T. mauritanica into the Mediterranean and Macaronesia. These findings can inform better monitoring surveys and conservation programs by identifying putative current colonization routes of alien species.
Predictors for the progression to prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical small acinar proliferation: a case–control study
Authors: Ma Haoxin , Liu Jie , Lai Jiawei , Liu Quanhai , Qu Weixing , Sun Yi , Zhou Jiancheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To explore the preoperative predictors of the progression to prostate cancer after diagnosing with highgrade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) in first prostate biopsy and compare the oncological outcomes of HGPIN and ASAP in second prostate biopsy.
Methods
Data from 175 patients who were diagnosed with HGPIN or ASAP in first prostate biopsy and received second prostate biopsy were retrospectively collected. Propensity-score matching was performed using six preoperative variables, and postoperative variables were compared between two groups.
Results
A total of 41 patients (23.4%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer in second biopsy. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI), prostate volume, ECOG performance status and first biopsy pathology between prostate cancer (PCa) group and non-PCa group. Preoperative serum PSA was significantly higher in PCa group than in no-PCa group (12.99 (IQR 6.56–31.31) vs. 7.18 (3.23–19.54) ml, p<0.001). Furthermore, PCa group had higher PI-RADS score of preoperative multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) than non-PCa group (1 point 7.3% vs. 23.1%, 2 points 29.3% vs. 45.5%, 3 points 56.1% vs. 29.1%, 4 points 4.9% vs. 2.3%, 5 points 2.4% vs. 0%, P = 0.002). On univariable and multivariable analysis, preoperative serum PSA(OR 1.598, p<0.001) and PI-RADS score (OR 2.029, p = 0.025) (compared with low PI-RADS score) were independent predictors of progression to prostate cancer in second biopsy. Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences of second biopsy were observed between the HGPIN group and ASAP group about oncological outcomes (malignant rate, Gleason score, number of positive biopsy needles).
Conclusions
Preoperative serum PSA and PI-RADS score of preoperative multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging were independent predictors of progression to prostate cancer in second biopsy. Oncological outcomes of malignant second biopsy were similar although with different first biopsy pathologies (HGPIN or ASAP).
Effect of Particular Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Teeranoraseth Tanyathorn , Chaiyasate Saisawat , Roongrotwattanasiri Kannika 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Air pollution can cause many health problems such as respiratory problems. This study aimed to investigate the association between PM2.5 and acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute URTI). Retrospective data analysis of patients in 2017–2019 who visited outpatient department in Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand with acute URTI was performed. The data of 104,739 patients with acute URTI and also the daily data of PM 2.5, PM 10, O₃, NO₂ temperature, and humidity were collected. The highest level of PM 2.5 each year was in January-February, the results were also the same for PM 10, O₃, and NO₂. We found that PM 2.5 had a significant correlation with number of acute respiratory infection patients R = 0.17 (p < 0.001) which meant higher level of PM 2.5 was associated with higher number of patients. The results were also the same for PM 10, O₃, and NO₂ but the higher the temperature and humidity, the fewer patients observed that day. We also found the regression question which was every 1 point higher of PM 2.5, there were going to be 19% more patients that day.
Graph Neural Operators for Learning on Spatial Transcriptomics Data
Authors: Yasin Alhassan , Ahmed Junaid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The inception of spatial transcriptomics has allowed improved comprehension of tissue architectures and the disentanglement of complex underlying biological, physiological, and pathological processes through their positional contexts. Recently, these contexts, and by extension the field, have seen much promise and elucidation with the application of graph learning approaches. In particular, neural operators have risen in regards to learning the mapping between infinite-dimensional function spaces. With basic to deep neural network architectures being data-driven, i.e. dependent on quality data for prediction, neural operators provide robustness by offering generalization among different resolutions despite low quality data. Graph neural operators are a variant that utilize graph networks to learn this mapping between function spaces. The aim of this research is to identify robust machine learning architectures that integrate spatial information to predict tissue types. Under this notion, we propose a study to validate the efficacy of applying neural operators towards classification of brain regions in mouse brain tissue samples as a proof of concept towards our purpose and compare it against various state of the art graph neural network approaches. We were able to achieve an F1 score of nearly 72% for the graph neural operator approach which outperformed all baseline and other graph network approaches within the scope of supervised learning.