bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental healthcare costs of children living in Amsterdam and associated socio‐demographic characteristics
Authors: van Ligten T. S. , Schmitz D. , Volgenant C. M. C. , Donken R. , van der Heijden G. M. J. G. , Duijster D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess associations between socio‐demographic characteristics and dental costs of children living in Amsterdam. Having incurred dental costs was an indicator for having visited the dentist. Having incurred low or high dental costs may indicate the type of dental care provided (periodic examination, preventive care or restorative treatment).MethodsThis study followed a cross‐sectional, observational design. The research population contained all children up until 17 years living in Amsterdam in 2016. Dental costs from all Dutch healthcare insurance companies were obtained via Vektis, and socio‐demographic data were obtained from Statistics Netherlands (CBS). The study population was stratified into age groups: 0–4 and 5–17 years. Dental costs were classified as no dental costs (0 euros), low dental costs (>0 to <100 euros) or high dental costs (≥100 euros). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to study the distribution of dental costs and associations with socio‐demographic child and parent variables.ResultsIn the population of 142 289 children, 44 887 (31.5%) incurred no dental costs, 32 463 (22.8%) incurred low dental costs and 64 939 (45.6%) incurred high dental costs. Among children of 0–4 years, a much larger proportion (70.2%) incurred no dental costs, compared to those of 5–17 years (15.8%). In both age groups, migration background (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) range 1.23–1.98), low(er) household income (aOR range 0.45–0.93), low(er) parental educational level (aOR range 0.51–0.87) and living in a single‐parent household (aOR range 0.89–0.91) were strongly associated with incurring high (vs. low) dental costs. Furthermore, in 5‐17‐year‐old children, a lower level of secondary or vocational education (aOR range 1.12–1.17) and living in households receiving social benefits (aOR 1.23) were associated with incurring high dental costs.ConclusionsAmong children living in Amsterdam in 2016, one in three children did not visit a dentist. For children that did visit a dentist, those with a migration background, low parental educational level and from a low household income were more likely to incur high dental costs, which could be indicative for additional restorative treatment. Hence, patterns of oral healthcare consumption, specified by type of dental care over time, and their association with oral health status, are targets for future research.
Global assessment of the biodiversity safeguards of development banks that finance infrastructure
Authors: Narain Divya , Sonter Laura J. , Lechner Alex Mark , Watson James E. M. , Simmonds Jeremy S. , Maron Martine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfrastructure development is a major driver of biodiversity loss globally. With upward of US$2.5 trillion in annual investments in infrastructure, the financial sector indirectly drives this biodiversity loss. At the same time, biodiversity safeguards (project‐level biodiversity impact mitigation requirements) of infrastructure financiers can help limit this damage. The coverage and harmonization of biodiversity safeguards are important factors in their effectiveness and therefore warrant scrutiny. It is equally important to examine the extent to which these safeguards align with best‐practice principles for biodiversity impact mitigation outlined in international policies, such as that of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We assessed the biodiversity safeguards of public development banks and development finance institutions for coverage, harmonization, and alignment with best practice. We used Institute of New Structural Economics and Agence Française de Développement's global database to identify development banks that invest in high‐biodiversity‐footprint infrastructure and have over US$500 million in assets. Of the 155 banks, 42% (n = 65) had biodiversity safeguards. Of the existing safeguards, 86% (56 of 65) were harmonized with International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standard 6 (PS6). The IFC PS6 (and by extension the 56 safeguard policies harmonized with it) had high alignment with international best practice in biodiversity impact mitigation, whereas the remaining 8 exhibited partial alignment, incorporating few principles that clarify the conditions for effective biodiversity offsetting. Given their dual role in setting benchmarks and leveraging private finance, infrastructure financiers in development finance need to adopt best‐practice biodiversity safeguards if the tide of global biodiversity loss is to be stemmed. The IFC PS6, if strengthened, can act as a useful template for other financier safeguards. The high degree of harmonization among safeguards is promising, pointing to a potential for diffusion of practices.
Supporting conservationists’ mental health through better working conditions
Authors: Pienkowski Thomas , Keane Aidan , Castelló y Tickell Sofia , de Lange Emiel , Hazenbosch Mirjam , Khanyari Munib , Arlidge William N. S. , Baranyi Gergő , Brittain Stephanie , Kapoor Vena , Mohan Vik , Papworth Sarah , Ravi Roshni , Smit Izak P. J. , Milner‐Gulland E. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiodiversity conservation work can be challenging but rewarding, and both aspects have potential consequences for conservationists’ mental health. Yet, little is known about patterns of mental health among conservationists and its associated workplace protective and risk factors. A better understanding might help improve working conditions, supporting conservationists’ job satisfaction, productivity, and engagement, while reducing costs from staff turnover, absenteeism, and presenteeism. We surveyed 2311 conservation professionals working in 122 countries through an internet survey shared via mailing lists, social media, and other channels. We asked them about experiences of psychological distress, working conditions, and personal characteristics. Over half were from and worked in Europe and North America, and most had a university‐level education, were in desk‐based academic and practitioner roles, and responded in English. Heavy workload, job demands, and organizational instability were linked to higher distress, but job stability and satisfaction with one's contributions to conservation were associated with lower distress. Respondents with low dispositional and conservation‐specific optimism, poor physical health, and limited social support, women, and early‐career professionals were most at risk of distress in our sample. Our results flag important risk factors that employers could consider, although further research is needed among groups underrepresented in our sample. Drawing on evidence‐based occupational health interventions, we suggest measures that could promote better working conditions and thus may improve conservationists’ mental health and abilities to protect nature.
Setting recovery targets for a charismatic species in an iconic protected area complex: The case of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Chitwan–Parsa National Parks, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Bhagawan Raj , Amin Rajan , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Giri Sailendra Raj , Acharya Haribhadra , Acharya Hem Raj , Harihar Abishek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Global Tiger Recovery Program has identified enhancing prey populations as a crucial component in achieving its target of doubling wild tiger (Panthera tigris) numbers, as prey density is a key determinant of tiger density. We estimate prey abundance and ecological carrying capacity (ECC) of tigers in the 1579 km2 Chitwan–Parsa source site complex within a globally significant tiger conservation landscape in south‐central Nepal. Surveying 605.1 km of line transects in the Terai plains and Chure hills of Chitwan–Parsa, we estimated an overall density of 55.43 (36.98–83.45) ungulates/km2, and a biomass of 244,630 (151,520–334,270) kg/100 km2 of five abundant ungulates. Chitwan supports 71.58 (49.02–104.71) and Parsa 30.91 (18.70–51.19) ungulates/km2. The prey base can support 177 (119–263) adult tigers based on energetic requirement models. The tiger ECC was ~3.5× higher in Chitwan than in Parsa at a park level. Although opportunities for further recovery of tiger and prey through targeted habitat management exist, the current population of 170 tigers indicates that this population has likely reached its current ECC. We recommend that policymakers and park managers change focus from increasing tiger numbers to developing pre‐emptive conflict mitigation strategies to allow the site to retain the successes it has realized.
Clinical research resource support for off‐site research coordinators in intensive and specialty care units
Authors: Castaneda Ismael , Marder Karen , Kashyap Sudha , Rosenbaum Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClinical Research Coordinators (CRCs) are vital collaborators in a clinical research project. They often are the primary liaisons between investigators and human participants in studies and are involved in every aspect of many protocols, including participant recruitment, care (both usual medical care and specific study‐related monitoring and procedures), data collection, specimen processing, and follow‐up. The Clinical Translational Science Award program, which was created by the National Institutes of Health in 2006, has significantly expanded the venues in which Clinical Research Resource (CRR) – based CRCs are embedded. CRCs functioning in these areas, outside of the research‐focused in‐patient environment of the CRR, are designated as “off‐site” CRCs. Many of these locations, such as intensive care units and emergency departments, require that CRCs interact regularly with healthcare providers whose primary functions are focused on providing optimal patient care rather than research and often involving very complex patients. These off‐site CRCs require additional training and support outside of the usual research‐oriented environment of the CRR. They are required to function within the context of the patient‐care team while fostering implementation of collaborative research. This is a description of such a program specifically geared to off‐site CRCs with the goal of enhancing the quality of research and experiences of CRCs.
Model‐informed approach to support pediatric dosing for the pan‐PI3K inhibitor copanlisib in children and adolescents with relapsed/refractory solid tumors
Authors: Morcos Peter N. , Schlender Jan , Burghaus Rolf , Moss Jonathan , Lloyd Adam , Childs Barrett H. , Macy Margaret E. , Reid Joel M. , Chung John , Garmann Dirk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCopanlisib is an intravenously administered phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor which was investigated in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. A model‐informed approach was undertaken to support and confirm an empirically selected starting dose of 28 mg/m2 for pediatric patients ≥1 year old, corresponding to 80% of the adult recommended dose adjusted for body surface area. An adult physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was initially established using copanlisib physicochemical and disposition properties and clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) data and was shown to adequately capture clinical PK across a range of copanlisib doses in adult cancer patients. The adult PBPK model was then extended to the pediatric population through incorporation of age‐dependent anatomical and physiological changes and used to simulate copanlisib exposures in pediatric cancer patient age groups. The pediatric PBPK model predicted that the copanlisib 28 mg/m2 dose would achieve similar copanlisib exposures across pediatric ages when compared with historical adult exposures following the approved copanlisib 60 mg dose administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle. Clinical PK were collected from a phase I study in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory solid tumors (aged ≥4 years). An established adult population PK model was extended to incorporate an allometrically‐scaled effect of body surface area and confirmed that the copanlisib maximum tolerated dose of 28 mg/m2 was appropriate to achieve uniform copanlisib exposures across the investigated pediatric age range and consistent exposures to historical data in adult cancer patients. The model‐informed approach successfully supported and confirmed the copanlisib pediatric dose recommendation.
Evaluation of the cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4 inhibition potential of the complement factor 5a receptor 1 antagonist ACT‐1014‐6470 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Anliker‐Ort Marion , Dingemanse Jasper , Delahaye Stephane , Janů Luboš , van den Anker John , Berger Benjamin , Kaufmann Priska 
Published: April 2023

AbstractACT‐1014‐6470 is an orally available complement factor 5a receptor 1 antagonist and a novel treatment option in auto‐inflammatory diseases. The in vitro inhibition potential of ACT‐1014‐6470 on cytochrome P450 isozymes (CYPs) and its effect on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 substrates omeprazole and midazolam, respectively, in humans were assessed. In vitro assays were conducted with isoform‐specific substrates in human liver microsomes. In an open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence cocktail study, single doses of 20 mg omeprazole and 2 mg midazolam were administered concomitantly to 20 healthy male subjects alone (treatment A) and after a single dose of 100 mg ACT‐1014‐6470 (treatment B) under fed conditions. Safety and PK assessments were performed. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of noncompartmental PK parameters of treatment B versus treatment A were calculated. In vitro, no time‐dependent inhibition was observed and the lowest inhibition constant of 4.3 μM ACT‐1014‐6470 was recorded for CYP2C19. In humans, GMRs (90% CI) of omeprazole PK were 1.9 (1.5–2.5) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and 1.9 (1.5–2.3) for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0‐12 h). Midazolam PK showed GMRs (90% CI) of 1.1 (1.1–1.2) for Cmax and 1.5 (1.4–1.6) for AUC0‐24 h. All treatments were well‐tolerated. In line with in vitro results and regulatory risk factor calculation, the increased exposure to omeprazole and midazolam in humans after concomitant administration with a single dose of 100 mg ACT‐1014‐6470 reflected a weak inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.
Duration of stay and rate of subsequent criminal conviction and hospitalisation for substance use among young people admitted to a short‐term residential program
Authors: Whitten Tyson , Cale Jesse , Nathan Sally , Hayen Andrew , Williams Megan , Shanahan Marian , Ferry Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the association between program duration and rate of criminal conviction and hospitalisation for substance use up to 15 years later among young people admitted to a short‐term residential program for drug and alcohol use.MethodsData were derived from linked administrative records of all clients referred to a modified therapeutic community for young people from January 2001 to December 2016 in New South Wales, Australia (n = 3059). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses examined the rate of conviction (separately for any offence, violent offence, non‐violent offence and administrative offence) and hospitalisation for substance use, up to 15 years post‐program among young people who attended treatment for 1–29 days, 30–59 days, 60–89 days and 90–120 days.ResultsThirty days or more in treatment was independently associated with a lower rate of conviction for any offence and a non‐violent offence, as well as hospitalisation for substance use, while 60 days or more was associated with a lower rate of conviction for a violent and administrative offence, relative to those who spent 1–29 days in the program. Additional months in the program were also associated with reduced rates of conviction and hospitalisation, although 90–120 days appeared to confer no additional benefits than 60–89 days.Discussion and ConclusionsAt least 60 days may be the minimum duration needed for short‐term, therapeutic community programs to reduce the risk of conviction across all crime types and hospitalisation for substance use.
Clinicopathological characteristics of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in patients treated with TNF‐α inhibitors
Authors: Palacios‐Diaz Rodolfo David , Sahuquillo‐Torralba Antonio , Rocamora‐Durán Vicenç , Unamuno‐Bustos Blanca de , Salavert‐Lleti Miguel , Santos‐Alarcón Sergio , Quintero Adriana , Garcías‐Ladaria Joan , Vila‐Payeras Aina , Martínez‐Doménech Alvaro , Mateu‐Puchades Almudena , Nadal‐Lladó Cristina , Botella‐Estrada Rafael 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe increasing use of biologics in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has led to more cases of leishmaniasis in patients subjected to iatrogenic immunosuppression. The main objective was to describe the characteristics of the patients with cutaneous (CL) or mucocutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis who were receiving a biological therapy at the time of diagnosis.Patients and methodsA multicenter retrospective study was design based on a cohort of patients diagnosed with CL or MCL. All patients who were being treated with biologicals were included. For each case, two matched non‐exposed patients were included for comparison.Results38 patients were diagnosed with CL or MCL while being treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitors. Leishmaniasis presented more frequently as a plaque (58.3%) with a larger median lesion size (2.5 cm), ulceration (92.1%), and required a greater median number of intralesional meglumine antimoniate infiltrations (3 doses) (P < 0.05) than in non‐exposed patients. We found no systemic involvement in patients being treated with anti‐TNF‐α. We did not find differences regarding the treatment characteristics whether biologic therapy was modified or not.ConclusionsAlthough management should be individualized, maintenance of biologic therapy does not seem to interfere with treatment of CL or MCL.
From terrible twos to sassy sixes: The development of vocabulary and executive functioning across early childhood
Authors: Bruce Madeleine , Savla Jyoti , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcross the early childhood period of development, young children exhibit considerable growth in their executive functioning (EF) and vocabulary abilities. Understanding the developmental trajectory of these seemingly interrelated processes is important as both early vocabulary and EF have been shown to predict critical academic and socio‐emotional outcomes later in childhood. Although previous research suggests that EF and vocabulary are correlated in early childhood, much of the existing longitudinal research has focused on unidirectional relations among preschool child samples. The current large‐scale study, therefore, sought to examine whether children's vocabulary and EF abilities are bidirectionally related over time across four measurement waves in early childhood (i.e., at ages 2, 3, 4, and 6). At each timepoint, children's vocabulary skills were positively correlated with their concurrent EF abilities. After controlling for child sex and maternal education status, the best‐fitting, cross‐lagged panel model was a unidirectional model whereby children's early vocabulary scores predicted their later EF performance at each timepoint. Although age 2 EF significantly predicted age 3 vocabulary size, this association was no longer significant after accounting for maternal education status. Our results illustrate that vocabulary size plays an important role in predicting children's later EF performance across various timepoints in early childhood, even after controlling for children's initial EF scores. These findings have important implications for intervention research as fostering early vocabulary acquisition may serve as a possible avenue for improving EF outcomes in young children.Research Highlights
Children's vocabulary size is positively correlated with their concurrent executive functioning skill at ages 2, 3, 4, and 6
Young children's early vocabulary scores predict their later EF performance across measurement waves, even after controlling for initial EF skill
There is stability in children's relative vocabulary size and executive functioning performance over time in early childhood
Longitudinal study investigating serum metabolites and their association with type 2 diabetes risk in a Korean population
Authors: Jung Youngae , Ahn Eunyong , Park Taesung , Hwang Geum‐Sook 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThe lack of longitudinal metabolomics data and the statistical techniques to analyse them has limited the understanding of the metabolite levels related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) onset. Thus, we carried out logistic regression analysis and simultaneously proposed new approaches based on residuals of multiple logistic regression and geometric angle‐based clustering for the analysis in T2D onset‐specific metabolic changes.Materials and methodsWe used the sixth, seventh and eighth follow‐up data from 2013, 2015 and 2017 among the Korea Association REsource (KARE) cohort data. Semi‐targeted metabolite analysis was performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole‐mass spectrometry systems.ResultsAs the results from the multiple logistic regression and a single metabolite in a logistic regression analysis varied dramatically, we recommend using models that consider potential multicollinearity among metabolites. The residual‐based approach particularly identified neurotransmitters or related precursors as T2D onset‐specific metabolites. By using geometric angle‐based pattern clustering studies, ketone bodies and carnitines are observed as disease‐onset specific metabolites and separated from others.ConclusionTo treat patients with early‐stage insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia when metabolic disorders are still reversible, our findings may contribute to a greater understanding of how metabolomics could be used in disease intervention strategies during the early stages of T2D.