bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red‐list status and extinction risk of the world's whales, dolphins, and porpoises
Authors: Braulik Gill T. , Taylor Barbara L. , Minton Gianna , Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe , Collins Tim , Rojas‐Bracho Lorenzo , Crespo Enrique A. , Ponnampalam Louisa S. , Double Michael C. , Reeves Randall R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo understand the scope and scale of the loss of biodiversity, tools are required that can be applied in a standardized manner to all species globally, spanning realms from land to the open ocean. We used data from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List to provide a synthesis of the conservation status and extinction risk of cetaceans. One in 4 cetacean species (26% of 92 species) was threatened with extinction (i.e., critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable) and 11% were near threatened. Ten percent of cetacean species were data deficient, and we predicted that 2–3 of these species may also be threatened. The proportion of threatened cetaceans has increased: 15% in 1991, 19% in 2008, and 26% in 2021. The assessed conservation status of 20% of species has worsened from 2008 to 2021, and only 3 moved into categories of lesser threat. Cetacean species with small geographic ranges were more likely to be listed as threatened than those with large ranges, and those that occur in freshwater (100% of species) and coastal (60% of species) habitats were under the greatest threat. Analysis of odontocete species distributions revealed a global hotspot of threatened small cetaceans in Southeast Asia, in an area encompassing the Coral Triangle and extending through nearshore waters of the Bay of Bengal, northern Australia, and Papua New Guinea and into the coastal waters of China. Improved management of fisheries to limit overfishing and reduce bycatch is urgently needed to avoid extinctions or further declines, especially in coastal areas of Asia, Africa, and South America.
Effects of temperature and heat waves on embryonic development of annual fishes from Neotropical wetlands: Implications for climate change scenarios
Authors: Godoy Robson Souza , Weber Vinicius , Lanés Luis Esteban Krause , Pires Mateus Marques , Stenert Cristina , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change projections predict warmer temperatures and increased frequency of heat waves in many regions across the globe. These scenarios are expected to strongly impact temperature‐dependent life‐history traits of aquatic species, such as the embryonic stage of annual fishes inhabiting temporary freshwater wetlands. Here, we assessed the effects of different incubation temperatures (18, 24, 27 and 30°C) and exposure to heat waves (18–30°C for 6 h) on aspects of the embryonic development: mortality and trajectory (direct development or diapause entry) of two Neotropical species of annual fishes from high‐ (Austrolebias nubium) and low‐altitude (A. cyaneus) areas. Temperatures of 30°C resulted in 100% embryo mortality in both species, and development trajectory differed between species across temperatures. Embryo mortality in the high‐altitude species was higher at 27°C, while a higher number of embryos of the low‐altitude species entered diapause II at 18°C. Embryo mortality and development trajectory after exposure to heat waves were similar between species. In terms of implications for climate change scenarios, temperatures above 27°C seem critical for the embryo survival of both species studied, although they seem capable to endure short‐term events of heat waves. In summary, our results indicate that the persistence of populations of high‐altitude annual fish species may be subject to higher threat under warming scenarios, since embryos from this species were more sensitive to increasing temperatures than the low‐altitude species.
Increased fishing quality of Chicago's waterways following the Clean Water Act
Authors: Happel A. , Kennedy P. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs conditions of Chicago's (Illinois, USA) waterways improved following implementation of the Clean Water Act, interest in recreational use of the waterways continued to grow, but the ability of this system to support quality recreational fishing opportunities remained unclear. We analyzed historical electrofishing data (1985–2020) to determine the status and trends in body‐size metrics of fish populations throughout Chicago's waterways. Many species exhibited increases in abundance, size, and diversity of lengths. Despite these increases, the number of quality‐sized or larger fish was sparse. While many species increased in abundance, Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) declined in abundance during 2001–2020. Improvements to the availability and diversity of key habitats within Chicago's waterways would likely improve target fish demographics further and resultant recreational fishery opportunities.
Validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non‐cancer patients
Authors: Ishii Yoko , Ito Nao , Matsumura Yuko , Aoyama Maho , Kohara Izumi , Murai Kunihiko , Takeuchi Kazuhisa , Yokoyama Takako , Miyashita Masako , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: May 2023

AimThis study assessed the validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non‐cancer patients.MethodsWe recruited 223 non‐cancer patients receiving palliative care and their healthcare providers (222) across two home care facilities and two hospitals for a cross‐sectional study. We assessed the construct validity and known‐group validity of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale. The weighted kappa and interclass correlation coefficients were assessed to ascertain reliability.ResultsThe scale scores were significantly higher for the ‘non‐stable’ group (worsening condition group) measured in the palliative care phase than for the ‘stable’ group (P < 0.001). Regarding validity, Spearman's correlations between similar items on the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ranged from 0.61 to 0.94. Regarding reliability, the weighted kappa coefficients ranged from 0.53 to 0.81 for patients and from 0.58 to 0.90 for healthcare providers. For inter‐rater reliability between patients and healthcare providers, the weighted kappa coefficients for each item ranged from 0.03 to 0.42.ConclusionThis study confirmed the validity and reliability of the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale for non‐cancer patients requiring palliative care. However, the inter‐rater reliability indicates poor agreement between the assessments of patients and healthcare providers. This highlights the discrepancies between both their assessments and the importance of the patient's assessment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 517–523.
Establishment and validation of a nomogram to predict the neck contracture after skin grafting in burn patients: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Li Rui , Zheng Yangyang , Fan Xijuan , Cao Zilong , Yue Qiang , Fan Jincai , Gan Cheng , Jiao Hu , Liu Liqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCervical burn contracture is one of the burn contractures with the highest incidence and severity, and there is no effective method to predict the risk of neck contracture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cervicothoracic skin grafting on the risk of neck contracture in burn patients and to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of neck contracture after skin grafting in burn patients. Data from 212 patients with burns who underwent neck skin grafting were collected from three hospitals, and the patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. Independent predictors were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and incorporated into a prognostic nomogram. Its performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. Burn depth, combined cervicothoracic skin grafting, graft thickness, and neck graft size were significantly associated with neck contractures. In the training cohort, the nomogram had an area under the curve of 0.894. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis indicated good clinical applicability of the nomogram. The results were tested using a validation dataset. Combined cervicothoracic skin grafting is an independent risk factor for neck contracture. Our nomogram demonstrated excellent performance in predicting neck contracture risk.
Hypoxic preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate rat brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation by suppressing neuronal pyroptosis
Authors: Tang Xiahong , Ke Jun , Chen Falu , Lin Qingming , You Yan , Zheng Nan , Gong Zheng , Han Xu , Zhuang Yangping , Chen Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiac arrest (CA) can result in cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury and poor neurological outcomes. While bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been shown to have protective effects in brain ischaemic disease, their efficacy can be reduced by the poor oxygen environment. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of hypoxic preconditioned BMSCs (HP‐BMSCs) and normoxic BMSCs (N‐BMSCs) in a cardiac arrest rat model by examining their ability to ameliorate cell pyroptosis. The mechanism underlying the process was also explored. Cardiac arrest was induced in rats for 8 min and surviving rats received 1 × 106 normoxic/hypoxic BMSCs or PBS via intracerebroventricular (ICV) transplantation. Neurological function of rats was evaluated using neurological deficit scores (NDSs) and examined for brain pathology. Serum S100B and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) levels and cortical proinflammatory cytokines were measured to evaluate brain injury. Pyroptosis‐related proteins in the cortex after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were measured using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Transplanted BMSCs were tracked using bioluminescence imaging. Results showed significantly better neurological function and neuropathological damage after transplantation with HP‐BMSCs. In addition, HP‐BMSCs reduced levels of pyroptosis‐related proteins in the rat cortex after CPR and significantly reduced levels of biomarkers for brain injury. Mechanistically, HP‐BMSCs alleviated brain injury by reducing the expressions of HMGB1, TLR4, NF‐κB p65, p38 MAPK and JNK in the cortex. Our study demonstrated that hypoxic preconditioning could enhance the efficacy of BMSCs in alleviating post‐resuscitation cortical pyroptosis. This effect may be related to the regulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB, MAPK signalling pathways.
Free sugars and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Woelber J. P. , Gebhardt D. , Hujoel P. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimConsumption of free sugars has been associated with chronic non‐communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of free‐sugar consumption on gingival inflammation using a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on the PICO question ‘What impact does the restriction of free sugars have on the inflammation of gingival tissue?’Materials and MethodsLiterature review and analyses were based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Controlled clinical studies reporting on free‐sugar interventions and gingival inflammation were included. Risk of bias was performed with ROBINS‐I and ROB‐2, and effect sizes were estimated with robust variance meta‐regressions.ResultsOf the 1777 primarily identified studies, 1768 were excluded, and 9 studies with 209 participants with gingival inflammation measures were included. Six of these studies reported on the dental plaque scores of 113 participants. Restriction of free sugars, when compared with no such restriction, was associated with statistically significantly improved gingival health scores (standard mean difference [SMD] = −0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.43 to −0.42, p < .004; I2 [heterogeneity] = 46.8) and a trend towards lower dental plaque scores (SMD = −0.61; 95% CI: −1.28 to 0.05, p < .07; I2 = 41.3). The observed improvement of gingival inflammation scores with restricted consumption of free sugar was robust against various statistical imputations. No meta‐regression models were feasible because of the limited number of studies. The median publication year was 1982. Risk‐of‐bias analysis showed a moderate risk in all studies.ConclusionRestriction of free sugar was shown to be associated with reduced gingival inflammation. The systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD 42020157914).
Recombinant Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 promoted the phagocytosis of macrophages by activating NLRP3 inflammasome induced by PKM2‐dependent glycolysis
Authors: Zheng Y.‐W. , Wang M. , Xie J.‐W. , Chen R. , Wang X.‐T. , He Y. , Yang T.‐C. , Liu L.‐L. , Lin L.‐R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlycolysis is a critical pathway in cellular glucose metabolism that provides energy and participates in immune responses. However, whether glycolysis is involved in NOD‐like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and phagocytosis of macrophages in response to Treponema pallidum infection remains unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the role of glycolysis in activating the NLRP3 inflammasome for regulating phagocytosis in macrophages in response to T. pallidum protein Tp47 and its associated mechanisms.MethodsInteractions between activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and phagocytosis and the role of glycolysis in Tp47‐treated macrophages were investigated through experiments on peritoneal macrophages and human monocytic cell line‐derived macrophages.ResultsActivation of phagocytosis and NLRP3 inflammasome were observed in Tp47‐treated macrophages. Treatment with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or si‐NLRP3 attenuated Tp47‐induced phagocytosis. Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity were enhanced by Tp47 stimulation in macrophages, and a change in the levels of glycolytic metabolites (phosphoenolpyruvate, citrate and lactate) was induced by Tp47 in macrophages. Inhibition of glycolysis with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, decreased the activation of NLRP3. Expression of M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), an enzyme catalysing a rate‐limiting reaction in the glycolytic pathway, was upregulated in Tp47‐stimulated macrophages. Inhibition of PKM2 with shikonin or si‐PKM2 decreased glycolysis and NLRP3 activation.ConclusionTp47 promotes phagocytosis in macrophages by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is induced by the enhancement of PKM2‐dependent glycolysis.
Health system approaches and experiences implementing the 4Ms: Insights from 3 early adopter health systems
Authors: Adler‐Milstein Julia R. , Krueger Grace N. , Rosenthal Sarah W. , Rogers Stephanie E. , Lyles Courtney R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRedesigning the healthcare system to consistently provide effective and tailored care to older adults is needed. The 4Ms (What Matters, Mobility, Medication, and Mentation) offer a framework to guide health systems' efforts to deliver Age‐Friendly care. We use an implementation science framework to characterize and assess real‐world implementation experiences with the 4Ms across varied health systems.MethodsWith expert input, we selected three health systems that were early adopters of the 4Ms and engaged in different implementation support models through the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. We conducted 29 semi‐structured interviews with diverse stakeholders from each site. Stakeholders ranged from hospital leadership to frontline clinicians. Interviews covered each site's approach to and experiences with implementation, including facilitators and barriers. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and deductively coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We characterized each site's implementation decisions and then inductively identified overarching themes and subthemes with supporting quotes.ResultsHealth systems varied in their implementation approach, including the implementation order of each of the 4Ms. We identified three overarching themes: (1) the 4Ms offered a compelling conceptual framework for advancing Age‐Friendly care, but implementation was complex and fragmented; (2) complete and sustained implementation of the 4Ms required multidisciplinary and multilevel leadership and engagement; (3) strategies that facilitate implementation success and support frontline culture change included top‐down communication and infrastructure alongside hands‐on clinical education and support. Common barriers are siloed implementation efforts across settings that impeded synergies and scaling; disengaged physicians; and difficulty implementing What Matters in a meaningful way.ConclusionsSimilar to other implementation studies, we identified multifactorial domains impacting 4Ms implementation. To achieve Age‐Friendly transformation, health systems must plan for and attend to multiple phases of implementation while ensuring that the work coheres under a unified vision that spans disciplines and settings.
Methionine‐PET to differentiate between brain lesions appearing similar on conventional CT/MRI scans
Authors: Ohmura Kazufumi , Ikegame Yuka , Yano Hirohito , Shinoda Jun , Iwama Toru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and Purpose11C‐Methionine (MET)‐PET is a useful tool in neuro‐oncology. This study aimed to examine whether a combination of diagnostic variables associated with MET uptake could help distinguish between brain lesions that are often difficult to discriminate in conventional CT and MRI.MethodsMET‐PET was assessed in 129 patients with glioblastoma multiforme, primary central nervous lymphoma, metastatic brain tumor, tumefactive multiple sclerosis, or radiation necrosis. The accuracy of the differential diagnosis was analyzed using five diagnostic characteristics in combination: higher maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of MET in the lesion/the mean normal cortical SUV of MET ratio, overextension beyond gadolinium, peripheral pattern indicating abundant MET accumulation in the peripheral region, central pattern denoting abundant MET accumulation in the central region, and dynamic‐up suggesting increased MET accumulation during dynamic study. The analysis was conducted on sets of two of the five brain lesions.ResultsSignificant differences in the five diagnostic traits were observed among the five brain lesions, and differential diagnosis could be achieved by combining these diagnostic features. The area under the curve between each set of two of the five brain lesions using MET‐PET features ranged from .85 to 1.0.ConclusionsAccording to the findings, combining the five diagnostic criteria could help with the differential diagnosis of the five brain lesions. MET‐PET is an auxiliary diagnostic technique that could help in distinguishing these five brain lesions.
Network analysis of sleep bruxism in the EPISONO adult general population
Authors: Chattrattrai Thiprawee , Aarab Ghizlane , Blanken Tessa F. , Pires Gabriel N. , Herrero Babiloni Alberto , Dal Fabbro Cibele , van Someren Eus , Lavigne Gilles , Maluly Milton , Andersen Monica L. , Tufik Sergio , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: May 2023

SummarySleep bruxism (SB) has been associated with biological and psychosocial factors. The assessment of SB includes self‐report, clinical evaluation, and polysomnography. This study aimed to investigate the associations of self‐reported SB with other sleep disorders and demographic, psychological, and lifestyle factors in the adult general population, and to investigate whether self‐reported SB and polysomnographically (PSG) confirmed SB provide similar outcomes in terms of their associated factors. We recruited 915 adults from the general population in Sao Paulo, Brazil. All participants underwent a one‐night PSG recording and answered questions about sex, age, BMI, insomnia, OSA risk, anxiety, depression, average caffeine consumption, smoking frequency, and alcohol consumption frequency. We investigated the link between SB and the other variables in univariate, multivariate, and network models, and we repeated each model once with self‐reported SB and once with PSG‐confirmed SB. Self‐reported SB was only significantly associated with sex (p = 0.042), anxiety (p = 0.002), and depression (p = 0.03) in the univariate analysis, and was associated with insomnia in the univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate (β = 1.054, 95%CI 1.018–1.092, p = 0.003) analyses. Network analysis showed that self‐reported SB had a direct positive edge to insomnia, while PSG‐confirmed SB was not significantly associated with any of the other variables. Thus, sleep bruxism was positively associated with insomnia only when self‐reported, while PSG‐confirmed SB was not associated with any of the included factors.
Prospective evaluation of a telmisartan suppression test as a diagnostic tool for primary hyperaldosteronism in cats
Authors: Kurtz Maxime , Fabrès Virginie , Dumont Renaud , Chetboul Valérie , Chahory Sabine , Saponaro Vittorio , Trehiou Emilie , Poissonnier Camille , Passavin Peggy , Jondeau Coline , Bott Matthieu , Buronfosse Thierry , Benchekroun Ghita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous study, telmisartan suppressed aldosterone secretion in healthy cats but not in cats with primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA).HypothesesTelmisartan suppresses aldosterone secretion in middle‐aged healthy cat and cats with diseases that may result in secondary hyperaldosteronism, but not in those with PHA.AnimalsThirty‐eight cats: 5 with PHA; 16 with chronic kidney disease (CKD), subclassified as hypertensive (CKD‐H) or non‐hypertensive (CKD‐NH); 9 with hyperthyroidism (HTH); 2 with idiopathic systemic arterial hypertension (ISH); and 6 healthy middle‐aged cats.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. Serum aldosterone concentration, potassium concentration, and systolic blood pressure were measured before and 1 and 1.5 hours after PO administration of 2 mg/kg of telmisartan. The aldosterone variation rate (AVR) was calculated for each cat.ResultsNo significant difference in the minimum AVR was observed among groups (median [quartile 1 (Q1); quartile 3 (Q3)]: 25 [0; 30]; 5 [−27; −75]; 10 [−6; −95]; 53 [19; 86]; 29 [5; 78]) for PHA, CKD, HTH, ISH, and healthy cats, respectively (P = .05). Basal serum aldosterone concentration (pmol/L) was significantly higher in PHA cats (median [Q1; Q3]: 2914 [2789; 4600]) than in CKD‐H cats (median [Q1; Q3]: 239 [189; 577], correctedPvalue = .003) and CKD‐NH cats (median [Q1; Q3]: 353 [136; 1371], correctedPvalue = .004).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe oral telmisartan suppression test using a single dose of 2 mg/kg telmisartan did not discriminate cats with PHA from healthy middle‐aged cats or cats with diseases that may result in secondary hyperaldosteronism.