bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Zagreb Skull Collection—The unique identified collection of human skulls from fetuses to centenarians
Authors: Štoković Nikola , Ivanjko Natalia , Bičanić Ivana , Jalšovec Dubravko , Katavić Vedran , Petanjek Zdravko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSkull anatomy and development have been extensively studied due to their significance in evolutionary biology, forensic anthropology, and clinical medicine. Bone collections are an indispensable resource for conducting such anthropological and anatomical studies. However, worldwide there are only few skull collections containing specimens covering the entire fetal and postnatal period. Herein we describe the Zagreb Skull Collection, an identified collection comprising more than 1100 skulls and skull bone sets from the early fetal period to centenarians. The Zagreb Skull Collection consists of two main parts: the unique Collection of Skull Bones containing 386 sets of separated skull bones from the early fetal period to adulthood and the Collection of Skulls containing 742 skulls (age range 4–101 years). The collection was the core source for numerous anatomical studies on the development, postnatal changes, and anatomical variations of the skull. However, the Zagreb Skull Collection is still an underexploited resource for anthropological, forensic, and anatomical studies with translatability to contemporary clinical practice.
North and South: Exploring isotopic analysis of bone carbonates and collagen to understand post‐medieval diets in London and northern England
Authors: Chidimuro Blessing , Doherty Sean , Finch Jonathan , Ponce Paola , Eggington Jack , Delaney Sarah , Speller Camilla , Collins Matthew J. , Holst Malin , Alexander Michelle 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluate the potential of paired isotopic analysis of bone carbonate and collagen to examine the diet of post‐medieval human and animal populations from England (17th–19th c.), including, for the first time, manufacturing towns in northern England. The potential for identifying C4crop consumption is explored alongside regional and local patterning in diet by sex and socioeconomic status.Materials and MethodsHumans (n = 216) and animals (n = 168) were analyzed from sites in London and northern England for both carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen (𝛿13Ccoll, 𝛿15Ncoll). Isotopic analysis of bone carbonates (𝛿13Ccarb, 𝛿18Ocarb) was carried out on all humans and 27 animals, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance to assess diagenesis.ResultsVariations in diet were observed between and within different populations by geographical location and socioeconomic status. Three pigs and one cow consumed C4resources, indicating the availability of C4‐fed animal protein. Londoners consumed more animal and marine protein and C4resources. Middle‐ and upper‐class populations from both London and northern populations also had greater access to these foods compared to those of lower status in the same regions.DiscussionThis substantial multi‐isotope dataset deriving from bone carbonate and collagen combined from diverse post‐medieval urban communities enabled, for the first time, the biomolecular identification of the dynamics of C4consumption (cane sugar/maize) in England, providing insight into the dynamics of food globalization during this period. We also add substantially to the animal dataset for post‐medieval England, providing further insight into animal management during a key moment of agricultural change.
Large Interlayer Distance and Heteroatom‐Doping of Graphite Provide New Insights into the Dual‐Ion Storage Mechanism in Dual‐Carbon Batteries
Authors: Hu Xin , Ma Yitian , Qu Wenjie , Qian Ji , Li Yuetong , Chen Yi , Zhou Anbin , Wang Huirong , Zhang Fengling , Hu Zhengqiang , Huang Yongxin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) is a promising technology for large‐scale energy storage. However, it is still questionable how material structures affect the anion storage behavior. In this paper, we synthesis graphite with an ultra‐large interlayer distance and heteroatomic doping to systematically investigate the combined effects on DIBs. The large interlayer distance of 0.51 nm provides more space for anion storage, while the doping of the heteroatoms reduces the energy barriers for anion intercalation and migration and enhances rapid ionic storage at interfaces simultaneously. Based on the synergistic effects, the DIBs composed of carbon cathode and lithium anode afford ultra‐high capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at current density of 100 mA g−1. Dual‐carbon batteries (DCBs) using the graphite as both of cathode and anode steadily cycle 2400 times at current density of 1 A g−1. Hence, this work provides a reference to the strategy of material designs of DIBs and DCBs.
A Rapidly Responsive Sensor for Wireless Detection of Early and Mature Microbial Biofilms
Authors: Shafaat Atefeh , Gonzalez‐Martinez Juan Francisco , Silva Wanderson O. , Lesch Andreas , Nagar Bhawna , Lopes da Silva Zita , Neilands Jessica , Sotres Javier , Björklund Sebastian , Girault Hubert , Ruzgas Tautgirdas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiofilm‐associated infections, which are able to resist antibiotics, pose a significant challenge in clinical treatments. Such infections have been linked to various medical conditions, including chronic wounds and implant‐associated infections, making them a major public‐health concern. Early‐detection of biofilm formation offers significant advantages in mitigating adverse effects caused by biofilms. In this work, we aim to explore the feasibility of employing a novel wireless sensor for tracking both early‐stage and matured‐biofilms formed by the medically relevant bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sensor utilizes electrochemical reduction of an AgCl layer bridging two silver legs made by inkjet‐printing, forming a part of near‐field‐communication tag antenna. The antenna is interfaced with a carbon cloth designed to promote the growth of microorganisms, thereby serving as an electron source for reduction of the resistive AgCl into a highly‐conductive Ag bridge. The AgCl−Ag transformation significantly alters the impedance of the antenna, facilitating wireless identification of an endpoint caused by microbial growth. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time presents the evidence showcasing that electrons released through the actions of bacteria can be harnessed to convert AgCl to Ag, thus enabling the wireless, battery‐less, and chip‐less early‐detection of biofilm formation.
Proton/Mg2+ Co‐Insertion Chemistry in Aqueous Mg‐Ion Batteries: From the Interface to the Inner
Authors: Huang Meng , Wang Xuanpeng , Wang Junjun , Meng Jiashen , Liu Xiong , He Qiu , Geng Lishan , An Qinyou , Yang Jinlong , Mai Liqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCo‐insertion of protons happens widely and enables divalent‐ion aqueous batteries to achieve high performances. However, detailed investigations and comprehensive understandings of proton co‐insertion are scarce. Herein, we demonstrate that proton co‐insertion into tunnel materials is determined jointly by interface derivation and inner diffusion: at the interface, hdrated Mg2+ has poor insertion kinetics, and therefore accumulates and hydrolyzes to produce protons; in the tunnels, co‐inserted/lattice H2O molecules block the Mg2+ diffusion while facilitate the proton diffusion. When monoclinic vanadium dioxide (VO2(B)) anode is tested in Mg(CH3COO)2 aqueous solution, the formation of Mg‐rich solid electrolyte interphase on the VO2(B) electrode and co‐insertion of derived protons are probed; in the tunnels, the diffusion energy barrier of Mg2++H2O is 2.7 eV, while that of the protons is 0.37 eV. Thus, protons dominate the subsequent insertion and inner diffusion. As a consequence, the VO2(B) achieves a high capacity of 257.0 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, a high rate retention of 59.1 % from 1 to 8 A g−1, and stable cyclability of 3000 times with a capacity retention of 81.5 %. This work provides an in‐depth understanding of the proton co‐insertion and may promote the development of rechargeable aqueous batteries.
A Nuclearity‐Dependent Enantiodivergent Epoxide Opening via Enthalpy‐Controlled Mononuclear and Entropy‐Controlled Dinuclear (Salen)Titanium Catalysis
Authors: Li Shengxiao , Zhu Hui , Li Longfei , Chen Wanjiao , Jiang Jie , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Zhang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA nuclearity‐dependent enantiodivergent epoxide opening reaction has been developed, in which both antipodes of chiral alcohol products are selectively accessed by mononuclear (salen)TiIII complex and its self‐assembled oxygen‐bridged dinuclear counterparts within the same stereogenic ligand scaffold. Kinetic studies based on the Eyring equation revealed an enthalpy‐controlled enantio‐differentiation mode in mononuclear catalysis, whereas an entropy‐controlled one in dinuclear catalysis. DFT calculations outline the origin of the enantiocontrol of the mononuclear catalysis and indicate the actual catalyst species in the dinuclear catalytic system. The mechanistic insights may shed a light on a strategy for stereoswichable asymmetric catalysis utilizing nuclearity‐distinct transition‐metal complexes.
Efficiencies of Various in situ Polymerizations of Liquid Electrolytes and the Practical Implications for Quasi Solid‐state Batteries
Authors: Li Peiying , Wang Shuya , Hao Jinjin , Wang Xiang , Hao Shu‐Meng , Lu Yuhao , Li Hong , Zhou Weidong , Li Yuliang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn situ polymerization of liquid electrolytes is currently the most feasible way for constructing solid‐state batteries, which, however, is affected by various interfering factors of reactions and so the electrochemical performance of cells. To disclose the effects from polymerization conditions, two types of generally used in situ polymerizing reactions of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and double bond radical polymerization (DBRP) were investigated on the aspects of monomer conversion and electrochemical properties (Li+‐conductivity and interfacial stability). The ROP generated poly‐ester and poly‐carbonate show a high monomer conversion of ≈90 %, but suffer a poor Li+‐conductivity of lower than 2×10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature (RT). Additionally, the terminal alkoxy anion derived from the ROP is not resistant to high‐voltage cathodes. While, the DBRP produced poly‐VEC(vinyl ethylene carbonate) and poly‐VC(vinylene carbonate) show lower monomer conversions of 50–80 %, delivering relatively higher Li+‐conductivities of 2×10−4 S cm−1 at RT. Compared two polymerizing reactions and four monomers, the VEC‐based F‐containing copolymer possesses advantages in Li+‐conductivity and antioxidant capacity, which also shows simultaneous stability towards Li‐metal with the help of LiF‐based passivating layer, allowing a long‐term stable cycling of high‐voltage quasi solid‐state cells.
Porphyrin Supramolecule as Surface Carrier Modulator Imparts Hole Transporter with Enhanced Mobility for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Mu Xijiao , Liu Yajun , Xiao Guo‐Bin , Xu Chen , Gao Xingbang , Cao Jing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModulating the surface charge transport behavior of hole transport materials (HTMs) would be as an potential approach to improve their hole mobility, while yet realized for fabricating efficient photovoltaic devices. Here, an oxygen bridged dimer‐based monoamine FeIII porphyrin supramolecule is prepared and doped in HTM film. Theoretical analyses reveal that the polaron distributed on dimer can be coupled with the parallel arranged polarons on adjacent dimers. This polaron coupling at the interface of supramolecule and HTM can resonates with hole flux to increase hole transport efficiency. Mobility tests reveal that the hole mobility of doped HTM film is improved by 8‐fold. Doped perovskite device exhibits an increased efficiency from 19.8 % to 23.2 %, and greatly improved stability. This work provides a new strategy to improve the mobility of HTMs by surface carrier modulation, therefore fabricating efficient photovoltaic devices.
Size‐Dependent Dispersion of Rhodium Clusters into Isolated Single Atoms at Low Temperature and the Consequences for CO Oxidation Activity
Authors: Albrahim Malik A. , Shrotri Abhijit , Unocic Raymond R. , Hoffman Adam S. , Bare Simon R. , Karim Ayman M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamic structural evolution of supported metal clusters under reaction conditions is crucial to develop structure reactivity relations. Here, we followed the structure of different size Rh clusters supported on Al2O3 using in situ/operando spectroscopy and ex situ aberration‐corrected electron microscopy. We report a dynamic evolution of rhodium clusters into thermally stable isolated single atoms upon exposure to oxygen and during CO oxidation. Rh clusters partially disperse into single atoms at room temperature and the extent of dispersion increases as the Rh size decreases and as the reaction temperature increases. A strong correlation is found between the extent of dispersion and the CO oxidation kinetics. More importantly, dispersing Rh clusters into single atoms increases the activity at room temperature by more than two orders of magnitude due to the much lower activation energy on single atoms (40 vs. 130 kJ/mol). This work demonstrates that the structure and reactivity of small Rh clusters are very sensitive to the reaction environment.
Bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: Current progress and future prospects
Authors: Xue Zhonghua , Feng Yali , Li Haoran , Xu Chenglong , Ju Jinrong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe extraction of manganese elements and other strategic elements from oceanic manganese nodules has become a strategic decision to ensure the security of global metal resources and the high‐quality green development of metal resource processing and metallurgy industry due to the gradual depletion of high‐quality terrestrial metal resources and the increase of difficult‐to‐select and difficult‐to‐smelt deposits. In order to achieve the enrichment and separation of diverse elements within oceanic manganese nodules, it is imperative to initiate chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown of complex oxides, particularly manganese dioxide. Bioleaching is a viable treatment option for oceanic manganese nodules with low operating costs and environmental damage. However, the mechanism of oceanic manganese nodules bioleaching is not fully studied, and the prospect of technology development is uncertain. We have reviewed five influencing factors on bioleaching of oceanic manganese nodules: mineralogical characteristics, chemical reaction equilibrium, thermodynamic characteristics, microbial properties, and operational variables. It then makes new development recommendations and technological system suggestions for the future improvement of oceanic manganese nodule bioleaching, primarily focusing on the development of new technologies for challenging to select and difficult to smelt ores, the practicality of strategic energy metal development, the cell design and its materials revolution, environmental protection and management, and all‐round resource utilization. Solving the above critical technical issues will boost the high‐quality development of metal industry and environmental protection.
High stability PAM/glycerol hydrogels and its applications in lenses and actuators
Authors: Wei Cunyue , Li Kun , Lin Feng , Mi Shengli , Dong Lina , Song Yu , Zhang Ting 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrogels are characterized by high water content and are typically used in water environments. However, when used in air environments, hydrogels face limitations due to instability caused by water loss. This study reports the development of PAM/glycerol hydrogels with improved stability. By using water–glycerol bi‐solvents to lock in water internally, a closed environment was established to reduce water exchange with the outside world. The hydrogel was made by forming a single PAM crosslinking network using UV crosslinked acrylamide (AM) monomer. The weight of the hydrogel varied by no more than 2% within 6 days, and the visible light transmittance was higher than 90%. In addition, the hydrogel had adjustable refractive index and mechanical properties. The hydrogels with stable performance could be used to fabricate optical lens with practical function in air environment. Meanwhile, the gels also have certain advantages in making a fluid‐driven hydrogel actuator with stable performance.
Event‐Related Spectral Perturbation, Inter Trial Coherence, and Functional Connectivity in motor execution: A comparative EEG study of old and young subjects
Authors: Gyulai Adam , Körmendi Janos , Issa Mohamed F. , Juhasz Zoltan , Nagy Zoltan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe motor‐related bioelectric brain activity of healthy young and old subjects was studied to understand the effect of aging on motor execution. A visually cued finger tapping movement paradigm and high‐density EEG were used to examine the time and frequency characteristics.MethodsTwenty‐two young and 22 healthy elderly adults participated in the study. Repeated trials of left and right index finger movements were recorded with a 128‐channel EEG. Event‐Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP), Inter Trial Coherence (ITC), and Functional Connectivity were computed and compared between the age groups.ResultsAn age‐dependent theta and alpha band ERSP decrease was observed over the frontal–midline area. Decrease of beta band ERSP was found over the ipsilateral central–parietal regions. Significant ITC differences were found in the delta and theta bands between old and young subjects over the contralateral parietal–occipital areas. The spatial extent of increased ITC values was larger in old subjects. The movement execution of older subjects showed higher global efficiency in the delta and theta bands, and higher local efficiency and node strengths in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands.ConclusionAs functional compensation of aging, elderly motor networks involve more nonmotor, parietal–occipital, and frontal areas, with higher global and local efficiency, node strength. ERSP and ITC changes seem to be sensitive and complementary biomarkers of age‐related motor execution.
Effect of lawsone‐preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells on the regeneration of pancreatic β cells in Type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Masnoon Javeria , Ishaque Aisha , Khan Irfan , Salim Asmat , Kabir Nurul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiabetes is one of the major health issues globally. Type 1 diabetes mellitus develops due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) having remarkable self‐renewal and differentiation potential, can regenerate β cells. MSCs preconditioned with bioactive small molecules possess enhanced biological features and therapeutic potential under in vivo environment. Interestingly, compounds of naphthoquinone class possess antidiabetic and anti‐inflammatory properties, and can be explored as potential candidates for preconditioning MSCs. This study analyzed the effect of lawsone‐preconditioned human umbilical cord MSCs (hUMSCs) on the regeneration of β cells in the streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced Type 1 diabetes (T1D) rats. hUMSCs were isolated and characterized for the presence of surface markers. MSCs were preconditioned with optimized concentration of lawsone. T1D rat model was established by injecting 50 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally. Untreated and lawsone‐preconditioned hUMSCs were transplanted into the diabetic rats via tail vein. Fasting blood sugar and body weight were monitored regularly for 4 weeks. Pancreas was harvested and β cell regeneration was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry was also done to assess the insulin expression. Lawsone‐preconditioned hUMSCs showed better anti‐hyperglycemic effect in comparison with untreated hUMSCs. Histological analysis presented the regeneration of islets of Langerhans with upregulated expression of βcell genes and reduced expression of inflammatory markers. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong insulin expression in the preconditioned hUMSCs compared with the untreated hUMSCs. It is concluded from the present study that lawsone‐preconditioned hMSCs were able to exhibit pronounced anti‐hyperglycemic effect in vivo compared with hUMSCs alone.
A Co‐Ni‐CM Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Direct Synthesis of Amides from the Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes with N‐Substituted Formamides
Authors: Huang Decai , Sun Hao , Li Jingwen , Xu Hongyan , Zhao Huaiqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGiven the importance of amides in pharmaceutical and chemical industries, a Co−Ni composites (Co−Ni‐CM) heterogeneous catalytic system for the synthesis of amides from the oxidative coupling of aldehydes with N‐substituted formamides has been developed under mild conditions. The catalyst was prepared by pyrolysis under ambient atmosphere using Co‐BTC supported NiCl2 as a precursor. The catalytic system possesses good catalytic ability and good compatibility with functional groups. The surface morphology and internal element composition of the catalyst were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET adsorption, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the interaction of Co−Ni is a key factor for the good catalytic activity of the catalyst. Then control experiments related to the mechanism of this transformation indicate a free radical process is involved in this transformation. More importantly, the catalyst has an excellent recycling performance and can be recycled seven times without obvious loss of catalytic activity.