bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Norovirus Infections Among Diarrhea Patients Admitted to Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh
Authors: Satter Syed M , Abdullah Zarin , Fariha Farzana , Karim Yeasir , Rahman Md Mahfuzur , Balachandran Neha , Ghosh Probir Kumar , Hossain Mohammad Enayet , Mirza Sara A , Hall Aron J , Gastañaduy Paul A , Rahman Mustafizur , Vinjé Jan , Parashar Umesh D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Norovirus is a major cause of endemic acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. We described the epidemiology, risk factors, and genotypic distribution of noroviruses among hospitalized patients of all ages in Bangladesh.

Methods
From March 2018 to October 2021, 1250 AGE case patients and controls (age, sex, season, and site matched) were enrolled at 10 hospitals. Demographic and clinical information was collected; real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used to test stool specimens, and positive samples were genotyped.

Results
Norovirus was detected in 9% of cases (111 of 1250) and 15% (182 of 1250) of controls. Eighty-two percent of norovirus-positive cases were in children &lt;5 years old. Norovirus-positive AGE hospitalizations occurred year-round, with peaks in April and October. Risk factors for norovirus included age &lt;5 years (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1 [95% confidence interval, 1.9–5.2]) and exposure to a patient with AGE in the 10 days before enrollment (3.8 [1.9–7.2]). GII.3[P16] and GII.4 Sydney[P16] were the predominant genotypes.

Conclusions
We highlight the burden of norovirus in hospital settings. Young age and recent exposure to a patient with AGE were risk factors for norovirus. A high prevalence of norovirus among controls might represent asymptomatic reinfections or prolonged shedding from a previous infection; carefully designed longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of norovirus infections in Bangladesh.
Quantification of nitrogen cycle functional genes from viable archaea and bacteria in paddy soil
Authors: Manfredini Andrea , Malusà Eligio , Pinzari Flavia , Canfora Loredana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
One of the main challenges of culture-independent soil microbiology is distinguishing the microbial community’s viable fraction from dead matter. Propidium monoazide (PMA) binds the DNA of dead cells, preventing its amplification. This dye could represent a robust means to overcome the drawbacks of other selective methods, such as ribonucleic acid-based analyses.

Methods and results
We quantified functional genes from viable archaea and bacteria in soil by combining the use of PMA and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Four N-cycle-related functional genes (bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase) were successfully quantified from the living fraction of bacteria and archaea of a paddy soil. The protocol was also tested with pure bacterial cultures and soils with different physical and chemical properties.

Conclusions
The experiment results revealed a contrasting impact of mineral and organic fertilizers on the abundance of microbial genes related to the N-cycle in paddy soil.
Mapping the delineation of practice to the AMIA foundational domains for applied health informatics
Authors: Johnson Todd R , Berner Eta S , Feldman Sue S , Jones Josette , Valenta Annette L , Borbolla Damian , Deckard Gloria , Manos LaVerne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
This article reports on the alignment between the foundational domains and the delineation of practice (DoP) for health informatics, both developed by the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA). Whereas the foundational domains guide graduate-level curriculum development and accreditation assessment, providing an educational pathway to the minimum competencies needed as a health informatician, the DoP defines the domains, tasks, knowledge, and skills that a professional needs to competently perform in the discipline of health informatics. The purpose of this article is to determine whether the foundational domains need modification to better reflect applied practice.

Materials and Methods
Using an iterative process and through individual and collective approaches, the foundational domains and the DoP statements were analyzed for alignment and eventual harmonization. Tables and Sankey plot diagrams were used to detail and illustrate the resulting alignment.

Results
We were able to map all the individual DoP knowledge statements and tasks to the AMIA foundational domains, but the statements within a single DoP domain did not all map to the same foundational domain. Even though the AMIA foundational domains and DoP domains are not in perfect alignment, the DoP provides good examples of specific health informatics competencies for most of the foundational domains. There are, however, limited DoP knowledge statements and tasks mapping to foundational domain 6—Social and Behavioral Aspects of Health.

Discussion
Both the foundational domains and the DoP were developed independently, several years apart, and for different purposes. The mapping analyses reveal similarities and differences between the practice experience and the curricular needs of health informaticians.

Conclusions
The overall alignment of both domains may be explained by the fact that both describe the current and/or future health informatics professional. One can think of the foundational domains as representing the broad foci for educational programs for health informaticians and, hence, they are appropriately the focus of organizations that accredit these programs.
The use of three-dimensional uCT imaging technique in the description of a new species ofStenopusLatreille, 1819 (Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), with a revised key to the species ofStenopus
Authors: Chen Chien-Lin , Chan Tin-Yam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMembers of the shrimp genus StenopusLatreille, 1819 generally inhabit shallow-water coral reefs. Individuals are colorful, with many of them highly sought in the aquarium trade. A recent biodiversity cruise to the Saya de Malha Banks in the western Indian Ocean collected a new species of Stenopus from rather deep waters, at 192–216 m depth. This species is unusual in having a long rostrum overreaching the scaphocerite and a red and white color pattern, unique for Stenopus. A badly damaged specimen from French Polynesia likely belongs to the new species. The characteristics of the new species are illustrated by X-ray microcomputed tomography images (uCT imaging), line drawings, and color photographs. A key is also provided for the 12 known species of Stenopus.
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Staggered Cylinders
Authors: Hsu Li-Chieh , Chou Ping-Yi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Determining how the flow structure affects the heat transfer of a staggered cylindrical array was one of the objectives of this numerical study. The major flow patterns and the corresponding characteristics of heat transfer were investigated, including Shear Layer Reattachment (SLR), Induced Separation (IS), Vortex Pairing and Enveloping (VPE), Vortex Impingement (VI), and Synchronized Vortex Shedding (SVS). As the stagger angle is larger than 35°, the mean Nusselt numbers of array systems are larger than that of a single cylinder. The magnitude of Nu/Cd is suggested as a parameter to measure the efficiency of the heat transfer for an array system.
Psychological research evidence in refugee status determination
Authors: Herlihy Jane , Evans Cameron Hilary , Turner Stuart 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents evidence that refugee status decision makers make assumptions about how humans think and act that are contrary to decades of scientific evidence about human behaviour and cognition (e.g. memory, risk assessment) – including studies and reviews of studies specifically focused on the RSD context. This evidence is not made available to decision makers. In contrast, decision makers regularly benefit from systems and procedures providing relevant, up to date, methodologically sound, impartial, independent, balanced expert evidence pertaining to country of origin information (COI). This paper proposes similar processes for the collation, assessment, and presentation of psychological evidence in order to ensure fairer, more sustainable refugee status decisions.
Refugee Illegality: Governing Refugees via Rescaling Borders in Turkey
Authors: Pekşen Mert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In its efforts to control the mobility and whereabouts of its refugee populations, Turkey enforces registration requirements for refugees, tying refugee rights to continuing residency in a particular province. Drawing on the literature on rescaling of borders and illegalization of refugee mobilities, this article argues that the Turkish asylum regime creates internal borders, producing the province as the key legal geography of asylum. Based on qualitative data collected in 2018–19, this article illustrates that refugees gain their liminal legality only at the scale of the province. As a result, Turkey systematically creates a type of refugee illegality defined relative to internal borders. Unauthorized presence outside the province through illegalized, yet mundane, mobilities makes refugees susceptible to forced relocations to other provinces, detention centres, and refugee camps.
The Functional Movement Screen and Self-reported Injury in Senior Military College Cadets
Authors: Hand Amy Fraley , Hong Siqi , Pfeifer Craig E , Stodden David F , Haugen Kasee H , Terlizzi Bryan M , Abrams T Cade , Yee Kimbo , Spaulding Daniel , Dubina Mason , Bellon Christopher R , Grieve George L , Sole Christopher J , Sacko Ryan S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Secular trend of increasing musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) across all branches of the U.S. Military is a critical limiting factor in the effective and efficient process of preparing military personnel for combat. The need to evaluate functional capacity beyond current physical fitness test (PFT) standards is the key in understanding an individual’s risk of noncombat-related injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Functional Movement ScreenTM (FMS) scores, incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, and standardized PFT scores among freshman Cadets during their first 10 weeks of enrollment at a senior military college.

Materials and Methods
Eighty-two participants (72 male and 10 female participants; mage: 18.2 years) completed the FMS, an institution-specific PFT (2-min maximum pushups, 2-min maximum abdominal crunches, and 1.5 mile timed run), and an Incidence of Injury and Incidence of Pain Questionnaire. Independent t-tests, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients logistic regression analysis, and Receiver Operator Curves were performed to evaluate relationships between the study variables.

Results
FMS composite and PFT sex-normed total scores were higher in females (16.4, 236.1) than in males (15.0, 204.9). Ninety percent of all females reported injury or pain during the 10-week survey period compared to 48% of males.

Conclusions
No significant difference between FMS scores and injury and pain was found within both sex groups. Therefore, use of the composite FMS score as an indicator for risk of injury or to predetermine PFT performance is not recommended for this study’s population. The rate of incidence of injury or pain in Cadets during a 10-week enrolment period is high. Females outperformed males in the FMS and PFT and reported higher rates of injury and pain. The utility of the FMS may be limited when substantially scaled for implementation across entire military populations. Future research should evaluate performance associations of the FMS with Army Combat Fitness Test components in a population of equally distributed sex and race.
Reliability of Electronic Health Records in Recording Veterans’ Tobacco Use Status
Authors: Sun Daniel , Basi Joseph , Kreinbrook Judah , Mhaskar Rahul , Leonelli Fabio 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The prevalence of tobacco use in the Veteran population and among Veterans Health Administration patients remains high, resulting in significant health and economic consequences. This problem has generated many tobacco research studies and clinical interventions, which often rely upon tobacco use status data previously recorded in electronic health records (EHR). Therefore, the consistency and reliability of these data are critical. The Veterans Health Administration uses an extensive EHR system where tobacco use status can be documented either as free text (FT) or as health factors (HF). The current literature assessing the reliability of HF and FT data is limited. This analysis evaluated the agreement between HF and FT tobacco use status data.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included Veterans who underwent coronary revascularization and had tobacco use statuses recorded as both HF and FT. These statuses were categorized as “Current,” “Former,” or “Never.” The closest recorded status to the index date (date of revascularization procedure) for each subject in both datasets was chosen, and Cohen’s kappa statistic was calculated to measure the agreement between HF and FT. Implausible tobacco use status changes within each dataset were quantified to assess trustworthiness. Agreement between HF and FT data was first measured for all subjects (n = 1,095), which included those who had implausible status changes in either dataset and then measured again for subjects (n = 770) without any implausible status changes in either dataset. This study was exempt from institutional review board review.

Results
Overall, 14.3% and 17.7% of all subjects had implausible tobacco use status changes in HF and FT data, respectively. For all subjects (n = 1,095), including those with implausible data, there was “moderate” agreement between HF and FT data (kappa = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.44–0.53). For subjects without implausible data (n = 770), the strength of agreement between HF and FT data was “good” (kappa = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.59–0.69).

Conclusions
Agreement between HF and FT data that document the tobacco use statuses of Veterans varied because of implausible data. HF data had fewer implausible tobacco use statuses, but FT data were recorded more frequently. Although HF and FT data can be reasonably relied upon to determine the tobacco use statuses of Veterans, researchers and clinicians must be aware of implausible data and consider methods to overcome this limitation. Future studies should investigate the ways of improving the consistency of EHR documentation by health care providers and benchmark HF and FT data against a gold standard like biochemical verification to determine accuracy.
A statistical study of trans-equatorial loops from 2006 to 2020
Authors: Yu Zihan , Chen Jie , Liu Jihong , Pevtsov Alexei A , Hu Ziyao , Xue Zhike , Su Jiangtao , Deng Yuanyong 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We studied trans-equatorial loops (TLs) statistically from December 2006 to 2020. During this period, 160 TLs were identified, and 12 per cent of all active regions are connected by TLs. The result shows that 74 per cent of TLs are connected to regions of preceding magnetic polarity (PTLs), and only 26 per cent of TLs are connected to regions of following magnetic polarity (FTLs). The dominance of PTLs is related to Joy’s law. Moreover, the average length of TLs is 20°, and their lengths decrease during the solar cycle. By comparing the number of TLs and the smoothed monthly mean number of sunspots from 2009 to 2018, 88 per cent of the TLs appeared near the solar maximum (2014 ± 2). We noted that the closer a sunspot is to the equator, the easier it is for a TL to form. Furthermore, the tilt angle and latitudinal asymmetry of TL foot-points are independent of the solar cycle.
How to form compact and other longer-lived planet-induced vortices: VSI, planet migration, or re-triggers, but not feedback
Authors: Hammer Michael , Lin Min-Kai 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Past computational studies of planet-induced vortices have shown that the dust asymmetries associated with these vortices can be long-lived enough that they should be much more common in mm/sub-mm observations of protoplanetary discs, even though they are quite rare. Observed asymmetries also have a range of azimuthal extents from compact to elongated even though computational studies have shown planet-induced vortices should be preferentially elongated. In this study, we use 2D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations to test whether those dust asymmetries should really be so long-lived or so elongated. With higher resolution (29 cells radially per scale height) than our previous work, we find that vortices can be more compact by developing compact cores when higher-mass planets cause them to re-form, or if they are seeded by tiny compact vortices from the vertical shear instability (VSI), but not through dust feedback in 3D as was previously expected in general. Any case with a compact vortex or core(s) also has a longer lifetime. Even elongated vortices can have longer lifetimes with higher-mass planets or if the associated planet is allowed to migrate, the latter of which can cause the dust asymmetry to stop decaying as the planet migrates away from the vortex. These longer dust asymmetry lifetimes are even more inconsistent with observations, perhaps suggesting that discs still have an intermediate amount of effective viscosity.
The maximum accretion rate of a protoplanet: how fast can runaway be?
Authors: Choksi Nick , Chiang Eugene , Fung Jeffrey , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The hunt is on for dozens of protoplanets hypothesized to reside in protoplanetary discs with imaged gaps. How bright these planets are, and what they will grow to become, depend on their accretion rates, which may be in the runaway regime. Using 3D global simulations, we calculate maximum gas accretion rates for planet masses Mp from 1$\, \mathrm{ M}_{{\oplus }}$ to $10\, \mathrm{ M}_{\rm J}$. When the planet is small enough that its sphere of influence is fully embedded in the disc, with a Bondi radius rBondi smaller than the disc’s scale height Hp – such planets have thermal mass parameters qth ≡ (Mp/M⋆)/(Hp/Rp)3 ≲ 0.3, for host stellar mass M⋆ and orbital radius Rp – the maximum accretion rate follows a Bondi scaling, with $\max \dot{M}_{\rm p} \propto \rho _{\rm g}M_{\rm p}^2 / (H_{\rm p}/R_{\rm p})^3$ for ambient disc density ρg. For more massive planets with 0.3 ≲ qth ≲ 10, the Hill sphere replaces the Bondi sphere as the gravitational sphere of influence, and $\max \dot{M}_{\rm p} \propto \rho _{\rm g}M_{\rm p}^1$, with no dependence on Hp/Rp. In the strongly superthermal limit when qth ≳ 10, the Hill sphere pops well out of the disc, and $\max \dot{M}_{\rm p} \propto \rho _{\rm g}M_{\rm p}^{2/3} (H_{\rm p}/R_{\rm p})^1$. Applied to the two confirmed protoplanets PDS 70b and c, our numerically calibrated maximum accretion rates imply that their Jupiter-like masses may increase by up to a factor of ∼2 before their parent disc dissipates.
Pulsar polarization: a partial-coherence model
Authors: Oswald L S , Karastergiou A , Johnston S 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The population of radio pulsars is observed to demonstrate certain polarization properties not explained by the conventional picture of pulsar polarization, namely frequency evolution of polarization, deviations of the linear polarization angle from a curve of geometric origins, and the presence of features in the circular polarization. We present the partial-coherence model as a way to explain the co-occurrence of these features and to provide an origin for circular polarization in radio pulsar profiles. We describe the mathematics of the model and demonstrate how it can explain these observed features, both on a population level and for the idiosyncrasies of individual pulsars. The partial coherence model can account for complex polarization behaviour, enabling improved access to information about pulsar geometries. We discuss the scientific implications of this for our understanding of pulsar radio emission and propagation.
Environmental effects on associations of dwarf galaxies
Authors: Yaryura C Yamila , Abadi Mario G , Gottlöber Stefan , Libeskind Noam I , Cora Sofía A , Ruiz Andrés N , Vega-Martínez Cristian A , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the properties of associations of dwarf galaxies and their dependence on the environment. Associations of dwarf galaxies are extended systems composed exclusively of dwarf galaxies, considering as dwarf galaxies those galaxies less massive than $M_{\star , \rm max} = 10^{9.0}$${\rm M}_{\odot }\, h^{-1}$. We identify these particular systems using a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation coupled to a dark matter-only simulation in the Λ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model. To classify the environment, we estimate eigenvalues from the tidal field of the dark matter particle distribution of the simulation. We find that the majority, two thirds, of associations are located in filaments (∼67 per cent), followed by walls (∼26 per cent), while only a small fraction of them are in knots (∼6 per cent) and voids (∼1 per cent). Associations located in more dense environments present significantly higher velocity dispersion than those located in less dense environments, evidencing that the environment plays a fundamental role in their dynamical properties. However, this connection between velocity dispersion and the environment depends exclusively on whether the systems are gravitational bound or unbound, given that it disappears when we consider associations of dwarf galaxies that are gravitationally bound. Although less than a dozen observationally detected associations of dwarf galaxies are currently known, our results are predictions on the eve of forthcoming large surveys of galaxies, which will enable these very particular systems to be identified and studied.
X-ray surface brightness and gas density profiles of galaxy clusters up to 3 × R500c with SRG/eROSITA
Authors: Lyskova N , Churazov E , Khabibullin I I , Burenin R , Starobinsky A A , Sunyaev R 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Using the data of the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey, we stacked a sample of ∼40 galaxy cluster images in the 0.3–2.3 keV band, covering the radial range up to 10 × R500c. The excess emission on top of the Galactic and extragalactic X-ray backgrounds and foregrounds is detected up to ∼3 × R500c. At these distances, the surface brightness of the stacked image drops below ∼1 per cent of the background. The density profile reconstructed from the X-ray surface brightness profile agrees well (within ∼30 per cent) with the mean gas profile found in numerical simulations, which predict the local gas overdensity of ∼ 20–30 at 3 × R500c and the gas fraction close to the universal value of $\frac{\Omega _b}{\Omega _m}\approx 0.15$ in the standard Λ cold dark matter model. Taking at face value, this agreement suggests that up to ∼3 × R500c the X-ray signal is not strongly boosted by the gas clumpiness, although a scenario with a moderately inhomogeneous gas cannot be excluded. A comparison of the derived gas density profile with the electron pressure profile based on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect measurements suggests that by r ∼ 3 × R500c the gas temperature drops by a factor of ∼ 4–5 below the characteristic temperature of a typical cluster in the sample within R500c, while the entropy keeps growing up to this distance. Better constraints on the gas properties just beyond 3 × R500c should be possible with a sample larger than used for this pilot study.