bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chloramphenicol and Methylene Blue Adsorption by Modestly Treated Paper Sewage Sludge Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Aziz Azrina , Hassan Huzairy , Ahmad Mohd Azmier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Refractory and emerging contaminants have superfluously present in most Malaysia water bodies due to increasing trend of modern industrialized activities including textiles and pharmaceutical industries. These have impacted deleteriously on our environment and water systems. Hence, this study proposed a sustainable treatment method by using activated carbon prepared from freely available paper mills sewage sludge for removing chloramphenicol (CAP) drug and methylene blue (MB) dye. To the best of our knowledge, very limited study has been reported on this emerging chloramphenicol. Modest treatment of low-temperature carbonization assisted with short-activation time of microwave radiation had been used. Analysis of variance of central composite design (CCD) had resulted optimum conditions of 440W radiation power and 3 min activation time for optimum removals of 69.5% and 50.5% for CAP and MB dye, respectively. The surface area of paper mill sewage sludge activated carbon (PMSSAC) had dramatically improved from 1.14 to 412 m2/g. The SEM image had proven the effectiveness of microwave radiation treatment where more cavities and pores were observed on activated carbon for better adsorbate penetration. The Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo-second order appeared to best fit the kinetic data. Furthermore, high affinity of adsorbate towards the PMSSAC surface could be the plausible mechanism indicated by high amount of adsorption within initial stage of time. The high performance in CAP and MB removal by our PMSSAC system is promisingly anticipated to be good activated carbon treatment method for real application in industrialized wastewater system.
Comparison of intracerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebral small vessel disease and non-cerebral small vessel disease etiologies
Authors: Chahem Christian , Arndt Philipp , Luchtmann Michael , Kuschel Jan-Niklas , Behme Daniel , Pfister Malte , Meuth Sven Günther , Vielhaber Stefan , Henneicke Solveig , Schreiber Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the main cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, a substantial portion is also caused by non-CSVD etiologies, including trauma, vascular malformations and brain tumors. In this retrospective observational study, we compared factors that predispose to the onset of ICH, namely demographics, antithrombotic medication, vascular risk profile and CSVD on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between patients with CSVD-related ICH and non-CSVD-related ICH. In 922 patients with ICH (median age = 71), CSVD caused the majority of cases (n = 670 [73%]); non-CSVD etiologies made up the remaining quarter (n = 252 [27%]). Individuals with CSVD-related ICH had a higher prevalence of factors predisposing ICH onset compared to non-CSVD etiologies, including antithrombotic medication (34% vs. 19%), vascular risk factors (70% vs. 50%) and advanced CSVD on MRI (83% vs. 51%). However, half of non-CSVD ICH patients were either older than 60 years, had vascular risk factors or advanced CSVD, suggesting an accompanying artheriolosclerotic CSVD pathology in a substantial portion of this subgroup. Since CSVD is frequently prevalent even in non-CSVD etiologies, several factors should be taken into account to stratify an individual’s bleeding risk, although the primary pathology remains the focus for each etiology.
Values? Camera? Action! An ethnography of an AI camera system used by the Netherlands Police
Authors: Fest Isabelle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Police departments around the world implement algorithmic systems to enhance various policing tasks. Ensuring such innovations take place responsibly – with public values safeguarded – is essential for public organizations. This paper analyzes how public values are safeguarded in the case of MONOcam, an algorithmic camera system designed and used by the Netherlands police. The system employs artificial intelligence to detect whether car drivers are holding a mobile device. MONOcam can be considered a best practice when it comes to value-sensitive design; many measures were taken to safeguard public values in this algorithmic system. In pursuit of responsible implementation of algorithms, most calls and literature focus on such value-sensitive design, but much less attention is paid to what happens beyond design. Building on 120+ hours of ethnographic observations as well as informal conversations and three semi-structured interviews, this research shows that public values deemed safeguarded in design are renegotiated as the system is implemented and used in practice. This paper thus highlights that algorithmic system design is often based on an ideal world, but it is in the complexities and fuzzy realities of everyday professional routines and socioma-terial reality that these systems are enacted, and public values are renegotiated in the use of ’algorithms’. While value-sensitive design is important, this paper shows that it offers no guarantees for safeguarding public values in practice.
Ethical and coordinative challenges setting up a national cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Tilch Katharina , Hopff Sina M. , Appel Katharina , Kraus Monika , Lorenz-Depiereux Bettina , Pilgram Lisa , Anton Gabi , Berger Sarah , Geisler Ramsia , Haas Kirsten , Illig Thomas , Krefting Dagmar , Lorbeer Roberto , Mitrov Lazar , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Nauck Matthias , Pley Christina , Reese Jens-Peter , Rieg Siegbert , Scherer Margarete , Stecher Melanie , Stellbrink Christoph , Valentin Heike , Winter Christof , Witzenrath Martin , Vehreschild J. Janne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), global researchers were confronted with major challenges. The German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) was launched in fall 2020 to effectively leverage resources and bundle research activities in the fight against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We analyzed the setup phase of NAPKON as an example of multicenter studies in Germany, highlighting challenges and optimization potentials in connecting 59 university and non-university study sites. We examined the ethics application process of 121 ethics submissions considering durations, annotations, and outcome. Study site activation and recruitment processes were investigated and related to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. For all initial ethics applications, median time to a positive ethics vote was less than two weeks and 30 of these study sites (65%) joined NAPKON within less than three weeks each. Electronic instead of postal ethics submission (9.5 days (Q1: 5.75, Q3: 17) vs. 14 days (Q1: 11, Q3: 26), p-value = 0.01) and adoption of the primary ethics vote significantly accelerated the ethics application process. Each study center enrolled a median of 37 patients during the 14-month observation period – with large differences depending on the health sector. We found a positive correlation between recruitment performance and COVID-19 incidence as well as hospitalization incidence. Our analysis highlighted challenges and chances of the federated system in Germany. Digital ethics application tools, adoption of a primary ethics vote and standardized formal requirements lead to harmonized and thus faster study initiation processes during a pandemic.
Fear of childbirth and sleep quality among pregnant women: a generalized additive model and moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Mei Xiaoxiao , Du Ping , Li Yan , Mei Ranran , Wang Xinqin , Chen Qianwen , Ye Zengjie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to examine the explore the associations among fear of childbirth, psychological distress, resilience and sleep quality among Chinese pregnant women.
Methods
768 pregnant women participated in the Be Resilient to Postpartum Depression program (BRPD, Registration number: ChiCTR2100048465) and administered with Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaires (CAQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Generalized additive model and moderated mediation analysis were conducted.
Results
A non-linear and negative association between fear of childbirth and sleep quality was founded in the second trimester and antenatal period. Psychological distress significantly mediated the relationship between fear of childbirth and sleep quality (first trimester: B = 0.044, 95% CI = 0.022–0.071; second trimester: β = 0.029, 95%CI = 0.009–0.056; third trimester: β = 0.064, 95%CI = 0.046–0.088; antenatal period: β = 0.050, 95%CI = 0.037–0.063). The moderation role of resilience between fear of childbirth and sleep quality were significant (second trimester: β=-0.006, 95%CI=-0.012 - -0.001, P = 0.025; antenatal period: β=-0.004, 95%CI=-0.007 - -0.001, P = 0.014;), FoC and psychological distress (first trimester: β=-0.016, 95%CI=-0.026 - -0.005, P = 0.004; antenatal period: β=-0.005, 95%CI=-0.009 - -0.001, P = 0.014) .
Conclusions
Fear of childbirth, psychological distress and resilience are three important factors affecting sleep quality in Chinese pregnant women.
Prediction of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related features and indication of immune microenvironment for the prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Yu Yongle , Duan Ping , Chen Hui , Cheng Yannan , Zhang Hao , Zheng Lin , Yu Jiadong , Yu Zirui , Ye Xin , Xu Junmiao , Hu Haoxing , Pan Zhenyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has a significant impact on cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, invasion, chemotherapy resistance, and angiogenesis in various cancers. However, the effect of ER stress on the outcome of osteosarcoma patients is still unclear. In this study, we established an ER stress risk model based on the Cancer Genome Atlas for osteosarcoma dataset to reflect immune features and predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. Survival analysis showed significant differences in overall survival among osteosarcoma patients with different ER stress-related risk scores. Additionally, ER stress-related risk features were significantly associated with clinical and pathological characteristics of osteosarcoma patients and served as independent prognostic indicators. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the risk model was associated with cell chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, and regulation of leukocyte migration. Moreover, the ER stress-related risk model indicated the presence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and immune checkpoint responses in osteosarcoma. In conclusion, we proposed an ER stress risk model that is an independent prognostic factor and indicates general immune features in the microenvironment of osteosarcoma.
Membrane fouling monitoring by 3ω sensing
Authors: Jørgensen Mads , Paulsen Frederikke Kildeberg , Bentien Anders , Kjul Astrid Ræbild , Poulsen Maiken , Mikkelsen Louise Mailund , Thavaneswaran Nikitha , Hansen Simon Abildgaard , Jensen Pernille Krogsager , Andersen Jacob , Østedgaard-Munck David , Bendtsen Jan Dimon , Christensen Morten Lykkegaard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A platinum wire with a diameter of 20 µm and length of 14 mm was attached to the surface of a ceramic membrane for in situ fouling monitoring. By measuring the voltage across the wire while applying an AC current, the amplitude of the third harmonic wave, the so-called 3ω signal, which is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity around the wire, was obtained. It was demonstrated that the 3ω signal is influenced by changing the environment around the wire as a result of differences in thermal conductivity and heat convection. Measurements of the 3ω signals on the membrane surface covered in varying amounts of acrylic varnish showed an increase in 3ω signal amplitude as the thermally insulating varnish layer increases. At higher AC frequencies, the effect becomes more pronounced as the penetration depth of the thermal wave is decreased. Thus, the frequency of the AC current can be varied to measure thermal conductivity inside and beyond the fouling layer. The method was applied in semi-dead-end filtration of polymeric core-shell particles and crossflow filtration of diluted milk. Results showed increasing 3ω signals over time and correlates directly to the hydraulic resistance of the formed fouling layer, as the fouling layers have low thermal conductivity and because the fouling layers reduced heat convection by crossflow. After membrane cleaning, the magnitude of the 3ω signal is restored to its initial level as before filtration, showing that the 3ω method can be used to monitor and control cleaning. Hence, the 3ω method is a novel and highly promising method to characterize and quantify fouling during filtration and cleaning, and to assess flow conditions locally on membranes.
Exploring European decarbonisation pathways in the Power Decisions Game
Authors: Henke Hauke T.J. , Gardumi Francesco , Ellefsen Olavur , Lítlá Marita , Lærke Bo , Karlsson Kenneth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Article 12 of the Paris Agreement summons the signing parties to corporate in improving the education of their citizens on climate change and related matters. The article thereby acknowledges the importance of citizens support and understanding of climate change and needed measures to fight climate change. This paper aims to contribute to the goal of informing on the implications of climate change related policy on the power sector in Europe and hence all European citizens by presenting a serious game in which the player can explore how key policy decisions affect capacity mix, investment needs and electricity costs.Results The game is based on more than 1700 scenarios run through an open-source and accessible, yet technologically detailed myopic energy system optimisation model for the electricity supply in the EU27 + 3. The game allows the user to take the role of a decision maker and make decisions in 2020, 2030 and 2040 regarding the usage of CCS, biomass imports, cross-border electricity transmission and the pace of emission reductions. The user is then presented with economic, social, and environmental impacts of these choices. These impacts are for example measured and illustrated in the development of CO2 emissions per capita, levelised cost of electricity, and investment need per citizen.Conclusion The Power Decisions Game provides a first of its kind open-source infrastructure that allows non-modellers to explore the impact of key decisions and preferences on the design of the future European power system. It furthermore, provides insights on the consequences of short-sighted decision making. The game can be used to facilitate policy-science discussions.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus shedding period among Bhutanese population during pandemic: a retrospective cohort study from Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Kunzang , Choden Kelzang , Palden Meejur , Wangchuk Sonam , Dorji Tashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Bhutan detected its first COVID-19 case on 5th March 2020 and implemented stringent public health measures. This study aims to describe the molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 and the duration of viral shedding among Bhutanese population during the pandemic.
Methods:
This retrospective quantitative study included 500 COVID-19 laboratory confirmed positives from four PCR testing labs from March 2020 to August 2021. The data were extracted from COVID-19 Integrated Influenza Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics and student t-test were used to analyze the data in STATA version 13.1.
Results:
The median detection period from onset of symptoms to the first RT-PCR positive was 4 days (IQR, 2 – 12). The median period of virus shedding was 14 days (IQR, 8 – 27). The median period of virus shedding was longer in symptomatic cases (23 days) than the asymptomatic cases (11 days). The median Ct value of RT-PCR assay for 2020 was 31.95 (23.36 – 35.45), while for 2021 was 21.67 (16.17 – 29.15).
Conclusion:
The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected for a long duration but the sensitivity of RT-PCR test is high during the early stage of infection.
Adaptability of Water Resources Development and Utilization to Economic-Social System in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Lu Yang , Su Ying , Cui Can , Ren Li , Zhang Ke , Wang Yuzhang , Yang Jialiang , Huang Yuequn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The interplay of water resources with economic and social spheres involves a reciprocal feedback mechanism. Investigating the adaptation status of the composite system consisting of the two is crucial for promoting sustainable and coordinated development. Based on the current situation in water resources and economic-social development in Hunan Province, China, a evaluation system with 22 indicators was established. The quantitative analyses were conducted using improved coupling coordination models, harmonious development models, and OECD models to assess the adaptability of 14 cities (prefectures) in Hunan Province. The results indicated the following: 1) Recently, water resources subsystems (WRS) development index in various cities (prefectures) in Hunan Province has shown signs of improvement, while the economic-social subsystems (SES) development index has exhibited a palpable upward trend. 2) Currently, the coupling coordinative degree between the two subsystems has reached a state of coupling coordination, but spatial differences between north and south regions still existed. 3) The lagging development trend in Hunan Province indicates that the growth rate of WRS has surpassed that of SES. However, the harmonious development capacity of the composite "Water-Economy-Society" system remains relatively low, whilst the contradiction between economic-social development and water resource scarcity has not been effectively alleviated.
Nurses' Perceptions of the Factors Which Cause Violence and Ways of Preventions in the Emergency department: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Najdi Bayan , Imam Asma 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
Violence has been increasing worldwide. The prevalence of violence in the healthcare sector is continuously rising, and the most vulnerable places for violence is emergency departments due to the critical nature of the workplace environment.
Little is known about the factors that contribute to the nurse’s violence, the impact of workplace violence on nurses, and the preventive methods. understanding these issues from nurses' experience and perception could enhance the workplace environment and quality of healthcare.
Research methodological design:
A qualitative approach, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with a convenient sample of 15 emergency department nurses at hospitals in Palestine who experienced or witnessed workplace violence. Open-ended questions were used to gain in-depth information about nurses' experience in relation to workplace violence at emergency departments. Thematic content analysis approach was used in data analysis.
Findings:
The results showed that nurses at the emergency department experienced workplace violence. Three major themes were found to present the factors that contribute to nurses’ violence. These themes are: Knowledge and attitude related-issues, External-related factors and System-related issues.
Four major themes from the analysis of the interviews emerged relating to the staff feelings, which are: Feeling overwhelmed, feeling distressed, feeling indignity and feeling helpless and fearful.
Study participants offered some prevention methods to decrease workplace violence, and some suggestions to handle violence. The results showed that there is no clear known system of how to report violence.
Conclusions:
Numerous factors contribute to the prevalence of workplace violence in emergency departments. Hospital administrations have to ensure the safety of all employees by using suitable precautions, properly functioning alarm systems and training of the staff. There is an extensive need for psychological support after violent incidents by hospital managers, society and the legal system. In addition, universities have to develop communication, violence and stress management-training courses.
RETRACTED: A UWB Rectenna System Using a Defective Ground Structure (DGS) Monopole Antenna for Ambient Energy Harvesting
Authors: Roy Sunanda , Jun-Jiat Ir. Tiang , Roslee Mardeni Bin , Saha Nabanita , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Mahmud Parvez 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Identification of CERS5 as a novel biomarker for prognosis and immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis and functional validation study
Authors: Qiu Peng , Huang Qibo , Feng Yunxiang , Zhao Kai , Shi Yuanxin , Li Xiangyu , Yao Wei , Deng Zhengdong , Wang Jianming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an extremely deadly cancer with few effective therapeutic options available. Ceramide synthases (CERS), a family of enzymes that regulate sphingolipid metabolism, have been suggested to play a role in cancer initiation and progression. Whereas the specific functions of CERS in HCC pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.
Methods
The TCGA and ICGC databases were employed to analyze the expression levels and clinical relevance of CERS genes in HCC. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to identify pathways and functions associated with CERS5. The correlation between CERS5 and the tumor immune microenvironment was investigated. The mutation landscape and immunotherapy efficacy were evaluated. Functional experiments in vitro were conducted to assess CERS5’s impact on HCC cell proliferation and invasion.
Results
Aberrant expression of the CERS family was detected not only in HCC but also in other cancers, and has been linked to both overall survival and disease-free survival. Among the CERS family members, CERS5 was identified as the only prognosis-related gene, with up-regulated in HCC validated in the ICGC database and clinical tissue samples. Higher expression levels of CERS5 were associated with a poorer prognosis as well as an advanced pathologic stage and grade, as confirmed by the TCGA and ICGC databases. Besides, a prognostic nomogram combining pathologic stage, tumor status, and the expression of CERS5 was established and further validated, which suggested a favorable value for prognosis prediction. Functional enrichment analyses showed that the overexpression of CERS5 resulted in enriched pathways associated with carcinogenesis, drug metabolism, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and cancer immune-related pathways. In addition, the overexpression of CERS5 correlated positively with the expression of genes associated with immunogenic cell death modulators and immune checkpoints, levels of immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy response, which was featured in an immunologically “hot” environment in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, the functional experiments showed that CERS5 knockdown has been shown to inhibit the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma, potentially through targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Conclusions
Based on our findings, CERS5 appears to have great potential as both a precise prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in HCC.