bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilient Leadership in Time of Crisis in Distance Education Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Makoe Mpine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs leaders of distance education in sub-Saharan Africa were dealing with myriad challenges of high numbers of young people seeking access to higher education, lack of technologies, and inadequate expertise for online teaching, Covid-19 pandemic emerged, and, almost overnight, quick decisions had to be made to pivot to online spaces to ensure that learning occurred even in the midst of the crisis. Leaders who were flexible and adaptive to changing environment were able to respond effectively to this crisis. Hence the focus of the study is on the character of a distance education leader who is exhibiting personality traits that will enable him or her to move a distance education institution forward.The futures triangle was used to contextualize and historicize the character of a leader who has the ability to be innovative and willing to take risks in the face of crisis. The aim of this chapter is to illustrate how some historical factors have not only influenced the leadership practices in distance education, but they have molded the characters of distance education leaders. The futures triangle mapping process revealed that the legacy of colonialism, the lack of managerial skills, the slow adoption of using technologies, the growing number of people who cannot be accommodated in higher education, and, most recently, the Covid-19 pandemic were drivers of change that illustrated how leaders responded in time of crisis. Moving distance education forward requires resilient leaders who are agile and adaptable to lead in an open and technology-rich distance education environment.
Managing Innovation in Teaching in ODDE
Authors: Bates Tony 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInnovation is the lifeblood of open, distance and digital education (ODDE), but it has often proved difficult for ODDE institutions to continue to innovate in response to a changing world outside. Innovation though is not “magic” or serendipitous. There are well-established methods by which innovation can be nurtured and managed in ODDE. Following a literature review of innovation in ODDE, the chapter discusses common myths regarding innovation, several barriers to change in ODDE institutions, then offers five strategies to support innovation. A case study is provided that illustrates a number of factors that support sustained innovation in ODDE, and the chapter ends by suggesting that innovation is not an end in itself but is best managed by focusing on the major, long-term goals of ODDE, and the main challenges that ODDE institutions face. In particular, ODDE institutions need to remain innovative to meet increasing competition from the conventional higher education institutions and above all from large, digital technology companies.
Evolving Learner Support Systems
Authors: Panda Santosh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith changing scenarios in globalization, technologization, and conception of twenty-first-century learners and learning, distance teaching institutions are also gradually changing their delivery strategies and learner support systems. This is more visible in the following: from separation of course design and learner support to both forming an integral part of blended teaching-learning; from physical and geography-based operation to more technology-enabled networked operation; from largely behaviorist model to more of constructivist and connectivist models of course design and learner support; and from a humanistic support system to more of strategic support system. In these changing scenarios, however, the changes in academic practices have not kept pace with technology changes; and technology and market, rather than the scholarship of teaching and support, dominate the support discourse and practice. These developments raise various research questions which need to be investigated further. The analysis in the chapter shows that the future of distance and online learning vis-à-vis learner support is poised to shift from the “course material-tutoring” system to the “networked-interactive-intelligent” system, though both will continue for quite some time to come. Institutional leaders, faculty, and other stakeholders need to engage with further articulation and reflection toward evolving a quality, productive, pedagogy-led, and learner-friendly support system.
Asynchronous Tools for Interaction and Collaboration
Authors: Davidson-Shivers Gayle , Rand Angela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe shift from conventional classrooms to the use of various types of distributed education is well documented in the literature. This shift occurred over the past 30 years, if not longer. Open, distance, and digital education (or ODDE) has become ubiquitous in education and training in a variety of settings such as the military, business, higher education, and K12 schools. More recently, ODDE has seen a rise in use in other settings, such as health care organizations. Although both synchronous and asynchronous technologies are available for teaching and learning, it appears that asynchronous tools are predominant in these settings. The use of asynchronous tools is the primary focus of this chapter, with consideration of both the technologies employed and the strategies applied. The purposes are to summarize their appropriate uses in terms of collaborative learning and share any insights to guide future research and practice. The chapter begins with a brief definition of terms used in this chapter along with descriptions of the types and purposes of asynchronous tools. The chapter culminates in directions for future research as well as any improvements in ODDE practice.
Learning Analytics in Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE)
Authors: Prinsloo Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractData, and specifically student data, has always been an integral part of good teaching as well as providing evidence for strategic and operational planning, resource allocation, pedagogy, and student support. As Open, Distance, and Digital Education (ODDE) become increasingly datafied, institutions have access to greater volumes, variety, and granularity of student data, from more diverse sources than ever before. This provides huge opportunity for institutions, and specifically educators and course support teams, to better understand learning, and provide more appropriate and effective student support.With the emergence of learning analytics (LA) in 2011, the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts, for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning and the environments in which it occurs, gained momentum, both as research focus and practice. Since then, LA have become institutionalized in many higher education institutions, mostly in residential institutions located in the Global North, and established a prolific presence in research on student learning in digitized environments. While LA has become institutionalized in the Open University (UK), it remains an emerging research focus and practice in many ODDE institutions across the world.This chapter considers the implications of LA for ODDE research and practice by first providing a brief overview of the evolution of LA, and specifically the theoretical influences in this evolution. A selection of major research findings and discourses in LA are then discussed, before the chapter is concluded with some open questions for a research agenda for LA in ODDE.
The Rise of Multimodal Tutors in Education
Authors: Di Mitri Daniele , Schneider Jan , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the insights derived by the design and development of the Multimodal Tutor, a system that uses artificial intelligence for providing digital feedback and to support psychomotor skills acquisition. In this chapter, we discuss the insights which we gained from eight studies: (1) an exploratory study combining physiological data and learning performance (Learning Pulse); (2) a literature survey on multimodal data for learning and a conceptual model (the Multimodal Learning Analytics Model); (3) an analysis of the technical challenges of Multimodal Learning Analytics (the Big Five Challenges); (4) a technological framework for using multimodal data for learning (the Multimodal Pipeline); (5) a data collection and storing system for multimodal data (the Learning Hub); (6) a data annotation tool for multimodal data (the Visual Inspection Tool); (7) a case study in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation training (CPR Tutor) consisting of a feasibility study for detecting CPR mistakes; and (8) a real-time feedback study.
Artificial Intelligence in Education and Ethics
Authors: du Boulay Benedict 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter traces the ethical issues around applying artificial intelligence (AI) in education from the early days of artificial intelligence in education in the 1970s to the current state of this field, including the increasing sophistication of the system interfaces and the rise in data use and misuse. While in the early days most tools were largely learner-facing, now there are tools that are teacher-facing, supporting their management of the classroom, and administrator-facing, assisting in their management of cohorts of students. Learner-facing tools now take into account the affective and motivational aspects of learning as well as the cognitive. The rise of data collection and its associated analytic tools has enabled the development of dashboards for the dynamic management and reflective understanding of learners, teachers, and administrators. Ethical issues hardly figured in the early days of the field but now they loom large. This is because of the legitimate fears that learners’ and teachers’ autonomy will be compromised, that learner data will be collected and potentially misappropriated for other purposes, and that AI will introduce extra biases into educational decisions and increase existing inequity and also because of the scary reputation that AI has in general.
Flipped Learning
Authors: Lee Jihyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlipped learning (FL) began as a local trial strategy in a US high school in 2012 and in less than 10 years has exploded in popularity, among both educational practitioners and researchers, and has now been extensively recognized and implemented at all levels of education across the world. This chapter will discuss what is known from current FL literature, what the practical implications are from this literature, what gaps exist within FL research and between FL research and practices, and how those gaps should be addressed. This chapter begins with the definition and continues discussing history and supporting theories of flipped learning and its effectiveness, affecting factors, challenges, and possible solutions from current literature. In addition, as a modified version of traditional flipped learning, a fully online flipped learning model, bichronous online learning, and HyFlex learning are introduced. This chapter concludes with future research directions.
Student Engagement in Open, Distance, and Digital Education
Authors: Bond Melissa , Bergdahl Nina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEngaging students in their learning, and within their learning community, is a key goal of educators. However, ongoing discussions about its nature, conceptualization, and measurement have led to a diffusion of the concept’s understanding, and ability to apply it within both research and practice. This chapter draws on theoretical and empirical primary and secondary ODDE research, and provides an overview of student engagement and disengagement, particularly as they relate to educational technology. The four dimensions of behavioral, affective/emotional, cognitive, and social (dis-)engagement are presented, alongside example indicators. In addition, a bioecological model of student engagement is explored with explicit links to digital learning. The chapter concludes by providing open questions and directions for future research, including further emphasis and exploration needed on the role of social engagement in ODDE contexts, as well as disengagement as a separate construct.
Informal Learning in Digital Contexts
Authors: Dron Jon , Anderson Terry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGovernments, business leaders, educators, students, and parents realize the need to inculcate a culture of lifelong learning – learning that spans geography, time, and lifespan. This learning has both formal and informal components. In this chapter, we examine the conceptual basis upon which informal learning is defined and some of the tools and techniques used to support informal learning. We overview the rapid development in information and communications technologies that not only creates opportunities for learners, teachers, and researchers but also challenges us to create equitable and culturally appropriate tools and contexts in which high-quality, continuous learning is available to all.
Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE
Authors: Belawati Tian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
Introduction to Learners, Teachers, Media, and Technology in ODDE
Authors: Dennen Vanessa P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the 13 chapters in Section 6 of The Handbook of Open Distance and Digital Education (ODDE), which focus on learners, teachers, media, and technology. Through these chapters, which explore the characteristics, competencies, skills, and roles that people need in ODDE contexts and the ways that media and technology support them, it becomes clear that all four areas work together systemically in the pursuit of learning. Three themes can be cultivated from the chapters: learners and instructors share common needs in online learning settings; the field has an ethical obligation to consider how technology-mediated and technology-based learning interventions affect learners and instructors; and the ongoing presence of a tension between human tasks and technology tasks in increasingly automated learning environments.
Introduction to Design, Delivery, and Assessment in ODDE
Authors: West Richard E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter overviews the 14 chapters in Part 7 of thehandbook,which are focused on the design, delivery, and assessment of open, online, and digital learning. While the chapters address a wide variety of factors relevant to ODDE, I discuss several common themes, including evidence for the effectiveness of ODDE, standards to guide effective ODDE design, assessment and credentialing of ODDE learning, and the need for future research to move beyond studying individual factors (micro level) in higher education. Finally, I conclude with a call to how we can design the future of ODDE, including first, seeking to understand systemic nature of learning; second, embracing the sociocultural nature of learning, and third, utilizing the full repertoire of diverse scholarship methods to develop knowledge in our field.
The Interplay of Race, Religion and Royalty in Contemporary Malaysian Politics
Authors: Abdul Hamid Ahmad Fauzi , Zawawi Noorulhafidzah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe lengthy years of the Perikatan (Alliance) and its successor Barisan Nasional (BN) administrations (1957–2018) gave Malaysia the opportunity to construct and mould the practice of democracy. Democracy is reflected through the existence of various political parties, the holding of regular elections under closely administered electoral processes, the upholding of rights and freedoms of the people to participate in party politics and civil society, the heated interactions among multi-ethnic citizens over mainstream and social media and the limited avenues provided by the law for the populace to express and display dissent. In Peninsular Malaysian politics, fault lines along the divisive racial and religious lines appear to dominate the discursive scene, with related issues over the role of Malay royalty trailing not too distantly behind. The past decade or so has seen political fortunes of the opposition, defined here as parties that oppose BN whether separately or together in coalitions during general elections, progressively improving, culminating in Pakatan Harapan’s (PH) trouncing of BN in the fourteenth general elections (GE14) in 2018. However, in Malaysian politics, elected politicians do not by themselves fill all political gaps. In uncertain times, as have prevailed in Malaysia since Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia’s (PPBM) betrayal of PH in February 2020, the Malay monarchy has become more important than ever in deciding who and which political coalition gets to form the country’s executive branch. This chapter presents an overview of how race, religion and royalty are routinely encountered in the country’s politics, particularly over the last decade.
The impact of neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling on new physics searches
Authors: Coyle Nina M. , Li Shirley Weishi , Machado Pedro A. N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accurate neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling is an essential requirement for the success of the accelerator-based neutrino program. As no satisfactory description of cross sections exists, experiments tune neutrino-nucleus interactions to data to mitigate mis-modeling. In this work, we study how the interplay between near detector tuning and cross section mis-modeling affects new physics searches. We perform a realistic simulation of neutrino events and closely follow NOvA’s tuning, the first published of such procedures in a neutrino experiment. We analyze two illustrative new physics scenarios, sterile neutrinos and light neutrinophilic scalars, presenting the relevant experimental signatures and the sensitivity regions with and without tuning. While the tuning does not wash out sterile neutrino oscillation patterns, cross section mis-modeling can bias the experimental sensitivity. In the case of light neutrinophilic scalars, variations in cross section models completely dominate the sensitivity regardless of any tuning. Our findings reveal the critical need to improve our theoretical understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions, and to estimate the impact of tuning on new physics searches. We urge neutrino experiments to follow NOvA’s example and publish the details of their tuning procedure, and to develop strategies to more robustly account for cross section uncertainties, which will expand the scope of their physics program.
A new self-assessment tool following shoulder stabilization surgery, the auto-Walch and auto-Rowe questionnaires
Authors: Lazrek Omar , Karam Karam Mark , Bouché Pierre-Alban , Billaud Anselme , Pourchot Auriane , Godeneche Arnaud , Freaud Olivier , Kany Jean , Métais Pierre , Werthel Jean-David , Bohu Yoann , Gerometta Antoine , Hardy Alexandre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) are increasingly used for patient evaluation, as well as for scientific research. Few are used for practical purposes in the clinical setting, and few are reliable enough to allow proper feedback to physicians. Two of the most commonly used assessment tools in shoulder instability are the Walch–Duplay and the Rowe scores. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of self-administered versions of the Walch–Duplay and Rowe scores following shoulder stabilization procedure.

Methods
Between the months of May and December 2021, all patients who were followed in one of six institutions for shoulder instability were included. Patients were required to anonymously fill a self-administered version of Walch–Duplay and Rowe score. The classic scores were measured by the surgeon. Correlations between self-assessment and physician-assessment were then recorded.

Results
A total of 106 patients were evaluated during the study period. Using the Spearman coefficient for correlation, a strong correlation (r > 0.5) was found between the results of the self-administered questionnaire and the surgeon-measured score. The difference between surgeon- and patient-administered questionnaires was non-significant.

Conclusion
The self-administered version of the Walch–Duplay and Rowe questionnaires can reliably be used in the clinical setting for post-operative follow-up of patients undergoing shoulder stabilization procedures.

Level of evidence
Level II.
Regularity results in 2D fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Breit Dominic 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the interaction of an incompressible fluid in two dimensions with an elastic structure yielding the moving boundary of the physical domain. The displacement of the structure is described by a linear viscoelastic beam equation. Our main result is the existence of a unique global strong solution. Previously, only the ideal case of a flat reference geometry was considered such that the structure can only move in vertical direction. We allow for a general geometric set-up, where the structure can even occupy the complete boundary. Our main tool—being of independent interest—is a maximal regularity estimate for the steady Stokes system in domains with minimal boundary regularity. In particular, we can control the velocity field in $$W^{2,2}$$

W

2
,
2

in terms of a forcing in $$L^2$$

L
2

provided the boundary belongs roughly to $$W^{3/2,2}.$$

W

3
/
2
,
2

.

This is applied to the momentum equation in the moving domain (for a fixed time) with the material derivative as right-hand side. Since the moving boundary belongs a priori only to the class $$W^{2,2},$$

W

2
,
2

,

known results do not apply here as they require a $$C^2$$

C
2

-boundary.