bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Fu Yao , Lozier M. Susan , Biló Tiago Carrilho , Bower Amy S. , Cunningham Stuart A. , Cyr Frédéric , de Jong M. Femke , deYoung Brad , Drysdale Lewis , Fraser Neil , Fried Nora , Furey Heather H. , Han Guoqi , Handmann Patricia , Holliday N. Penny , Holte James , Inall Mark E. , Johns William E. , Jones Sam , Karstensen Johannes , Li Feili , Pacini Astrid , Pickart Robert S. , Rayner Darren , Straneo Fiammetta , Yashayaev Igor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is essential for better predictions of our changing climate. Here we present an updated time series (August 2014 to June 2020) from the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program. The 6-year time series allows us to observe the seasonality of the subpolar overturning and meridional heat and freshwater transports. The overturning peaks in late spring and reaches a minimum in early winter, with a peak-to-trough range of 9.0 Sv. The overturning seasonal timing can be explained by winter transformation and the export of dense water, modulated by a seasonally varying Ekman transport. Furthermore, over 55% of the total meridional freshwater transport variability can be explained by its seasonality, largely owing to overturning dynamics. Our results provide the first observational analysis of seasonality in the subpolar North Atlantic overturning and highlight its important contribution to the total overturning variability observed to date.
Supercritical CO2-assisted fabrication of CM-PDA/SF/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds for bone regeneration and chemo-photothermal therapy against osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Ruijia , Min Yajun , Li Guanlin , Chen Shilu , Xie Maobin , Zhao Zheng 
Published: May 2023

The CM-PDA/SF/nHA nanofibrous scaffolds could improve bone defect regeneration and achieve chemo-photothermal synergistic effects against osteosarcoma, thus have potential for application in osteosarcoma treatment and bone defect repair.
Modulating Phonological Working Memory With Anodal High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to the Anterior Portion of the Supplementary Motor Area
Authors: Berglund-Barraza Amy , Carey Sarah , Hart John , Vanneste Sven , Evans Julia L. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Phonological working memory is key to vocabulary acquisition, spoken word recognition, real-time language processing, and reading. Transcranial direct current stimulation, when coupled with behavioral training, has been shown to facilitate speech motor output processes, a key component of nonword repetition, the primary task used to assess phonological working memory. In this study, we examined the efficacy of combining overt nonword repetition training with anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD tDCS) to the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) to enhance nonword repetition.

Objective:
This study investigated whether 20 min of active or sham anodal HD tDCS targeting preSMA concurrently with a nonword repetition task differentially impacted nonword repetition ability.

Method:
Twenty-eight neurotypical college-age adults (18–25 years; 19 females, eight males, one nonbinary) completed a 20-min nonword repetition training task where they received either active or sham 1-mA anodal HD tDCS to the preSMA while overtly repeating a list of four-, five-, six-, and seven-syllable English-like nonwords presented in a random order. Whole nonword accuracy and error patterns (phoneme and syllable) were measured prior to and following training.

Results:
Following training, both groups showed a decrease in nonword repetition accuracy. The drop in performance was significantly greater for the active stimulation group compared to the sham stimulation group at the four-syllable nonword length.

Discussion:
The findings suggest that targeting the speech motor component of nonword repetition through overt training and HD tDCS to the preSMA does not enhance phonological working memory ability.
The Moroccan Arabic Bedside Western Aphasia Battery–Revised: Linguistic and Psychometric Properties
Authors: El Ouardi Loubna , Yeou Mohamed , Rami Youssef , Belahsen Mohammed Faouzi 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:The objectives of this study were (a) to linguistically and culturally adapt the English bedside version of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (Bedside WAB-R) into Moroccan Arabic (MA) and (b) to assess its psychometric properties.Method:The Bedside MA-WAB-R was piloted on a population of 20 participants after a process of linguistic adaptation from English to MA. To verify the psychometric properties of the test, a group of healthy controls (n= 106) and a group of persons with chronic aphasia (n= 52) completed the Bedside MA-WAB-R. The test's content validity, construct validity, and the concurrent validity of the aphasia classification system were examined. In addition, the interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of the instrument were evaluated.Results:The results indicated that the Bedside MA-WAB-R overall met standard criteria for excellent psychometric properties, as evinced by high content and construct validity and concurrent validity with independent measures of aphasia diagnosis (speech-language pathologists' impression and lesion location) as well as high internal consistency, inter- and intrarater reliability, and test–retest reliability. The test was also found to have very high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of aphasia, as revealed by the performance of controls. By controlling for age and educational level effects, specific cutoff values were determined to optimize the aphasia diagnosis.Conclusions:The Bedside MA-WAB-R is the first standardized quick aphasia assessment tool with associated psychometric properties for clinical use with an MA-speaking population, particularly within the 26- to 58-year age range. It meets standard criteria for a valid and reliable measure than can have a variety of clinical and research applications.
FlowMFD: Characterisation and classification of tor traffic using MFD chromatographic features and spatial–temporal modelling
Authors: He Liukun , Wang Liangmin , Cheng Keyang , Xu Yifan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTor traffic tracking is valuable for combating cybercrime as it provides insights into the traffic active on the Tor network. Tor‐based application traffic classification is one of the tracking methods, which can effectively classify Tor application services. However, it is not effective in classifying specific applications due to more complicated traffic patterns in the spatial and temporal dimensions. As a solution, the authors propose FlowMFD, a novel Tor‐based application traffic classification approach using amount‐frequency‐direction (MFD) chromatographic features and spatial‐temporal modelling. Expressly, FlowMFD mines the interaction pattern between Tor applications and servers by analysing the time series features (TSFs) of different size packets. Then MFD chromatographic features (MFDCF) are designed to represent the pattern. Those features integrate multiple low‐dimensional TSFs into a single plane and retain most pattern information. In addition, FlowMFD utilises a cascaded model with a two‐dimensional convolutional neural network (2D‐CNN) and a bidirectional gated recurrent unit to capture spatial‐temporal dependencies between MFDCF. The authors evaluate FlowMFD under the public ISCXTor2016 dataset and the self‐collected dataset, where we achieve an accuracy of 92.1% (4.2%↑) and 88.3% (4.5%↑), respectively, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art comparison methods.
Interchange reconnection dynamics in a solar coronal pseudo-streamer
Authors: Pellegrin-Frachon T. , Masson S. , Pariat É. , Wyper P. F. , DeVore C. R. 
Published: May 2023

Context.The generation of the slow solar wind remains an open problem in heliophysics. One of the current theories among those aimed at explaining the injection of coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium is based on interchange reconnection. It assumes that the exchange of magnetic connectivity between closed and open fields allows the injection of coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium to travel along the newly reconnected open field. However, the exact mechanism underlying this effect is still poorly understood.Aims.Our objective is to study this scenario in a particular magnetic structure of the solar corona: a pseudo-streamer. This topological structure lies at the interface between open and closed magnetic field and is thought to be involved in the generation of the slow solar wind.Methods.We performed innovative 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar corona with a pseudo-streamer, using the Adaptively Refined MHD Solver (ARMS). By perturbing the quasi-steady ambient state with a simple photospheric, large-scale velocity flow, we were able to generate a complex dynamics of the open-and-closed boundary of the pseudo-streamer. We studied the evolution of the connectivity of numerous field lines to understand its precise dynamics.Results.We witnessed different scenarios of opening of the magnetic field initially closed under the pseudo-streamer: one-step interchange reconnection dynamics, along with more complex scenarios, including a coupling between pseudo-streamer and helmet streamer, as well as back-and-forth reconnections between open and closed connectivity domains. Finally, our analysis revealed large-scale motions of a newly opened magnetic field high in the corona that may be explained by slipping reconnection.Conclusions.By introducing a new analysis method for the magnetic connectivity evolution based on distinct closed-field domains, this study provides an understanding of the precise dynamics underway during the opening of a closed field, which enables the injection of closed-field, coronal plasma in the interplanetary medium. Further studies shall provide synthetic observations for these diverse outgoing flows, which could be measured by Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
SRG/eROSITA X-ray shadowing study of giant molecular clouds
Authors: Yeung M. C. H. , Freyberg M. J. , Ponti G. , Dennerl K. , Sasaki M. , Strong A. 
Published: May 2023

Context. SRG/eROSITA is situated in a halo orbit around L2 where the highly variable solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) emission from Earth’s magnetosheath is expected to be negligible. The soft X-ray foreground emissions from the local hot bubble (LHB) and the remaining heliospheric SWCX emissions could be studied in unprecedented detail with eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS) data in a 6-month cadence and better spectral resolution than ROSAT.
Aims. We aim to use eRASS data of the sight lines towards three giant molecular clouds away from the Galactic plane to isolate and study the soft X-ray diffuse foreground emission. These X-ray shadows will serve as calibration baselines for the future three-dimensional structural study of the LHB.
Methods. We conducted spectral analysis on the diffuse X-ray spectra of these clouds from the first four eRASSs to estimate and separate the heliospheric SWCX contribution from the LHB emission.
Results. We find the density of the LHB to be independent of the sight line with ne ~ 4 × 10−3 cm−3, but not the temperature. We report a lower temperature of kTLHB = 0.084 ± 0.004 keV towards Chamaeleon II & III (Cha II & III) than Ophiuchus (Oph) and Corona Australis (CrA), in which we measured 0.102 ± 0.006 and 0.112 ± 0.009 keV, respectively. We measured the emission measure of the LHB to be ~2 × 10−3 cm−6 pc at medium Galactic latitudes (|b| ~ 20°). A monotonic increase in the SWCX contribution has been observed since the start of 2020, coincidental with the beginning of solar cycle 25. For Oph, SWCX has dominated the LHB in the 0.3−0.7 keV band intensity since eRASS2. We observed lower SWCX contributions in Cha II & III and CrA, consistent with the expected decreasing solar wind ion density at high heliographic latitudes.
Langmuir waves associated with magnetic holes in the solar wind
Authors: Boldú J. J. , Graham D. B. , Morooka M. , André M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Karlsson T. , Souček J. , Píša D. , Maksimovic M. 
Published: May 2023

Context.Langmuir waves (electrostatic waves near the electron plasma frequency) are often observed in the solar wind and may play a role in the energy dissipation of electrons. The largest amplitude Langmuir waves are typically associated with type II and III solar radio bursts and planetary foreshocks. In addition, Langmuir waves not related to radio bursts occur in the solar wind, but their source is not well understood. Langmuir waves have been observed inside isolated magnetic holes, suggesting that magnetic holes play an important role in the generation of Langmuir waves.Aims.We provide the statistical distribution of Langmuir waves in the solar wind at different heliocentric distances. In particular, we investigate the relationship between magnetic holes and Langmuir waves. We identify possible source regions of Langmuir waves in the solar wind, other than radio bursts, by analyzing the local plasma conditions.Methods.We analyzed data from Solar Orbiter’s Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) and Magnetometer (MAG) instruments. We used the triggered electric field snapshots and onboard statistical data (STAT) of the Time Domain Sampler (TDS) of RPW to identify Langmuir waves and investigate their properties. The plasma densities were derived from the spacecraft potential estimated by RPW. The MAG data were used to monitor the background magnetic field and detect magnetic holes, which are defined as regions with an isolated decrease in |B| of 50% or more compared to the background level. The statistical analysis was performed on data from 2020 to 2021, comprising heliocentric distances between 0.5 AU and 1 AU.Results.We show that 78% of the Langmuir waves in the solar wind not connected to radio bursts occur in regions of local magnetic field depletions, including the regions classified as isolated magnetic holes. We also show that the Langmuir waves occur more frequently inside magnetic holes than in any other region in the solar wind, which indicates that magnetic holes are important source regions of solar wind Langmuir waves. We find that Langmuir waves associated with magnetic holes in the solar wind typically have lower amplitudes than those associated with radio bursts.
Evaluation of long-term therapy in cats with feline asthma and
chronic bronchitis
Authors: Grotheer Maike , Hirschberger Johannes , Palić Jelena , Hartmann Katrin , Castelletti Noemi , Schulz Bianka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective Feline asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB) are common
inflammatory diseases of the bronchial tree in cats. Even though both conditions
are characterized by infiltration with different types of inflammatory cells,
therapeutic measures are often similar. Little is known about potential
differences in therapeutic management of these 2 airway diseases. Therefore, aim
of the study was to compare initial and long-term treatment, therapeutic
success, side effects, and owner satisfaction between cat with FA and those with
CB.
Material and methods Thirty-five cats with FA and 11 cats with CB were
included in the retrospective cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria were
compatible clinical and radiographic signs and cytological evidence of
eosinophilic inflammation (FA) or sterile neutrophilic inflammation (CB) in
bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). Cats with CB were excluded if evidence of
pathological bacteria was present. Owners were contacted to fill out a
standardized questionnaire on therapeutic management and response to
treatment.
Results Comparing treatment in both groups, no statistical significance
was detected. Most cats were initially treated with corticosteroids as oral (FA
63%/CB 64%, P=1), inhaled (FA
34%/CB 55%, P=0.296) or injected formulations
(FA 20%/CB 0%, P=0.171). In addition, oral
bronchodilators (FA 43%/CB 45%, P=1), and
antibiotics were given in some cases (FA 20%/CB 27%,
P=0.682). For long-term management, 43% of cats with FA and
36% of cats with CB received inhaled corticosteroids (P=1), oral
corticosteroids (FA 17%/CB 36%, P=0.220), and
oral bronchodilators (FA 6%/CB 27%, P=0.084) as
well as courses of antibiotics (FA 6%/CB 18%,
P=0.238). Treatment-related side effects (polyuria/polydipsia,
facial fungal infection, and diabetes mellitus) were reported in 4 cats with FA
and 2 cats with CB. The majority of owners stated to be extremely or very
satisfied with the response to treatment (FA 57%/CB 64%,
P=1).
Conclusion Significant differences regarding management and response to
therapy for both diseases could not be detected.
Clinical relevance Based on owner survey, chronic bronchial diseases as
feline asthma and chronic bronchitis could be managed successfully with similar
treatment.
Generelle Fraktur- und Osteoporoseprophylaxe: Fokus
Sturz
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Maus Uwe , Niedhart Christopher , Brabant Thomas , Belavy Daniel , Kuehlein Thomas 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche erfolgte die komplette
Überarbeitung der S3 Leitlinie zur „Prophylaxe, Diagnostik und
Therapie der Osteoporose“ (AWMF Registernummer 183–001). Dieser
Literaturrecherche lagen prädefinierte PICO
(Patienten-Intervention-Comparison-Outcome) Fragen
zugrunde. Die strukturierte Konsensfindung erfolgte in der
interdisziplinären, deutschsprachigen Expertengruppe aus Deutschland,
Österreich und der Schweiz, die die Mitgliedgesellschaften des DVO
repräsentieren, und in Anwesenheit einer
Patient*innenvertreterin des Bundesselbsthilfeverbandes für
Osteoporose e. V. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten Aspekte des Kapitels
„Generelle Fraktur-und Osteoporoseprophylaxe“ mit dem Fokus
„Sturz“ dargestellt.
Atemwegsinfekte: Therapiemöglichkeiten mittels TCM, Akupunktur, Ernährung und Schröpfkopftherapie
Authors: Huemer Gabriela 
Published: May 2023

SummaryGrippale Infekte und ihre Komplikationen sind ein häufiger Grund, warum Patienten Arztpraxen aufsuchen. Die Akupunktur und Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin (TCM), aber auch die Chinesische Arzneitherapie (CAT) können bei solchen Krankheitsbildern den Infekt verkürzen, Symptome lindern und auch antientzündlich und abheilend den Krankheitsprozess günstig regulieren. Neben der Akupunktur spielt auch die Ernährung eine wichtige Rolle, die Beschwerden in der akuten Krankheitsphase, aber auch im Anschluss an den Infekt verringern kann.
Parvovirus-Infektionen bei Katzen in Tierheimen
Authors: Rehme Teresa , Hartmann Katrin , Bergmann Michèle 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDurch weit verbreitete Impfmaßnahmen gegen das feline Panleukopenievirus
(FPV) wird das durch dieses Virus verursachte Krankheitsbild, die feline
Panleukopenie, bei privat gehaltenen Katzen in Deutschland nur noch selten
gesehen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Situation in Tierheimen durch den
ständigen Zulauf neuer Katzen, oft mit unvollständigem
Impfschutz, eine andere. In solchen Einrichtungen sind
Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche keine Seltenheit und gehen oft mit einer hohen
Anzahl an Todesfällen einher. Aufgrund der hohen
Kontagiösität des Virus entscheiden sich manche Tierheime,
Katzen mit klinischen Symptomen, die auf Panleukopenie hindeuten, nicht
aufzunehmen, da diese Tiere eine Gefahr für die Tierheimpopulation
darstellen. Jedoch scheiden nicht nur Katzen mit Panleukopenie Parvoviren aus;
auch gesunde, symptomlose Katzen können als subklinische
Parvovirus-Ausscheider fungieren und somit zum Infektionsrisiko beitragen. Das
Risiko für Panleukopenie-Ausbrüche in Tierheimen kann jedoch
durch ein konsequent eingehaltenes Ausbruchsmanagement verringert werden. Dies
schließt zum einen Hygienemaßnahmen mit korrekt
durchgeführten Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsprotokollen,
Quarantänemaßnahmen, eine separate Isolationsstation sowie
spezielle prophylaktische Maßnahmen, wie beispielsweise die
Identifizierung infizierter Tiere und die Immunisierung empfänglicher
Gruppen, ein.
Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes following Ovulation Induction and Unassisted Pregnancies in the Same Mother
Authors: Ganer Herman Hadas , Mizrachi Yossi , Marom Or , Weissman Ariel , Farhi Jacob , Kovo Michal , Raziel Arieh , Horowitz Eran 
Published: May 2023

Objective We aimed to assess whether ovulation induction treatments affect obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Study Design This was a historic cohort study of deliveries in a single university-affiliated medical center between November 2008 and January 2020. We included women who had one pregnancy following ovulation induction and one unassisted pregnancy. The obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between pregnancies following ovulation induction and unassisted pregnancies, so that each woman served as her own control. The primary outcome measure was birth weight.
Results A total of 193 deliveries following ovulation induction and 193 deliveries after unassisted conception by the same women were compared. Ovulation induction pregnancies were characterized by a significantly younger maternal age and a higher rate of nulliparity (62.7 vs. 8.3%, p < 0.001). In pregnancies achieved by ovulation induction, we found a higher rate of preterm birth (8.3 vs. 4.1%, p = 0.02) and instrumental deliveries (8.8 vs. 2.1%, p = 0.005), while cesarean delivery rates were higher following unassisted pregnancies. Birth weight was significantly lower in ovulation induction pregnancies (3,167 ± 436 vs. 3,251 ± 460 g, p = 0.009), although the rate of small for gestational age neonates was similar between the groups. On multivariate analysis, birth weight remained significantly associated with ovulation induction after adjustment for confounders, while preterm birth did not.
Conclusion Pregnancies following ovulation induction treatments are associated with lower birth weight. This may be related to an altered placentation process following uterine exposure to supraphysiological hormonal levels.
Key Points
Medical Student Duty Hours and Shelf Performance: Is There a Correlation?
Authors: Harris Benjamin S. , Harris Hailey M. , Baldwin Melody A. , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: May 2023

Objective To date, there is limited information about medical student duty hours, shelf scores, and overall clerkship performance in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). As a result, we were curious to know whether spending more time in the clinical environment translated to an improved learning experience or, in contrast, translated to decreased study time and worse overall clerkship performance.
Study Design A retrospective cohort analysis was performed at a single academic medical center of all medical students on the OB/GYN clerkship from August 2018 to June 2019. Recorded student duty hours were tabulated per day and per week, by student. National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Exam (Shelf) equated percentile scores for the quarter of year were used.
Results Our statistical analysis showed that working long hours did not translate to higher or lower shelf score, or higher overall clerkship grade. However, working longer hours in the last 2 weeks of the clerkship was associated with high shelf score.
Conclusion Longer medical student duty hours did not correlate to higher shelf scores or overall clerkship grades. Future multicenter studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of medical student duty hours and continue optimizing the educational experience of the OB/GYN clerkship.
Key Points