bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulations about Stability, Damage, and Heating Impacts for an X-ray Optical Delay Line at SASE3
Authors: Tavakkoly Marziyeh , Grünert Jan , Koch Andreas , La Civita Daniele , Makita Mikako , Meyer Michael , Planas Marc , Serkez Svitozar , Sinn Harald , Wohlenberg Torsten , Vannoni Maurizio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
European XFEL has initiated a project to facilitate two-color pump-probe spectroscopy with X-rays at the SASE3 soft X-ray undulator. To this end, the controllable temporal delay between the two X-ray pulses is obtained by a magnetic chicane and an optical delay line (ODL) that delay the electron and X-ray beams, respectively. This article focuses on describing the alignment process of the ODL and its related specification. The distance between the experimental station and the ODL is nearly 500 m, thus if one of the mirrors in the ODL is misaligned, the focus spot experiences a noticeable shift. Moreover, a pulse train can include up to 2700 X-ray pulses with a minimum spacing of 222 ns. An increase in temperature per pulse would just add up if there was no heat removal during that time and the material could be damaged during a pulse train. The question arises whether the X-ray optics can survive the high X-ray peak power during a single pulse. Finally, the present study also investigates the damage issue.
An approach for the optical and mechanical design of an X-ray beamline: application to the plane-wave CDI station CATERETÊ/SIRIUS
Authors: Meyer B C , Luiz S A L , Geraldes R R , Volpe L M , Pinto A C , Rodrigues G L M P , Saveri Silva M , Sanfelici L , Meneau F , Polo C C , Kalile T A , Tolentino H C N , Westfahl Junior H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiments involving nano-focusing or coherence applications require positional stability of a few nanometers and angular stability of tens of nanoradians for all critical optical components along the beamline (in the range of 1 Hz up to 2.5 kHz). Several optical components based on high-precision mechatronics principles with optimized dynamics to cope with those stability requirements have been recently designed and developed at LNLS. An approach combining optical and mechanical design methodologies and processes was applied to new beamline projects. The process starts with optical design using ray-tracing and wave propagation simulations aiming for the specified beam parameters. In a second step, alignment tolerances and stability issues are addressed in the mechanical design of each component. If those requirements cannot be reached in the predictive models based on the available technologies, size and shape of the optics itself or the optical scheme may be redefined restarting the optical simulation. This work applies this beamline design process to the CATERETÊ beamline, which allows for plane-wave CDI experiments. Using side-bounce deflecting cylindrical mirrors and a four-crystal monochromator, a focused beam size of ~ 40 x 30 μm2 (at 9 keV) with a depth-of-focus of 12 m (plane-wave) and high degree of coherence is obtained. We review key aspects of the optical and mechanical designs. In addition, we further extend the modelling process to enable systematic commissioning support by simulating beam parameters on diagnostic elements located downstream each optical element.
Ultra high precision in-vacuum long trace profiler for real time slope determination of optical surface
Authors: Kao Kai-Yang , Fung Hok-Sum , Chao Hsuan-Yao , Yeh Shang-Ching , Chen Jih-Huang , Hua Chih-Yu , Huang Di-Jing , Chen Chien-Te 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The development of an in-vacuum long trace profiler (IVLTP) which can provide ultra high precision real time measurements on the surface slope of optical elements is reported. The unique features of this instrument include a specifically designed ultra high repeatability linear slide, a pentamirror composed of two plane mirrors of ultra low slope error, and an ultra high vacuum (UHV) compatible complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. The mechanical system is made of Invar 36 alloy to reduce the room temperature drift effect during data acquisitions. Each IVLTP scan completes in 120 seconds, covering a 168 mm of surface length and generating more than 5000 slope data points. The root mean square (RMS) of the difference between two consecutive scans was found to be 0.0081 μrad on average and 0.0045 μrad RMS at its best. The main application of this IVLTP is to provide the real time feedback signals needed for controlling the 25-actuator surface benders of the active mirrors and active gratings installed in the ultra high resolution soft X-ray beamlines at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS).
Commissioning of a gas monitor detector for an undulator beamline in the VUV and EUV wavelength range
Authors: Kirschner Hans , Kaser Hendrik , Gottwald Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A gas detector system was implemented to monitor the absolute photon flux at the insertion device beamline of the Metrology Light Source. This system should overcome the drawbacks in the use of traceably calibrated semiconductor photodiodes, which are prone to radiation-induced degradation and not qualified for permanent real-time monitoring during the measurements at the beamline endstation. Gas monitor detectors are based on atomic photoionization. They do not suffer from radiation-induced degradation, and their transparency makes them suitable for real-time monitoring of the photon flux. We calibrated and commissioned such a monitor at the insertion device beamline in the vacuum- and extreme ultraviolet spectral range from 14 eV to 111 eV photon energy. The resulting photon flux measurement was compared to measurements made with a photodiode and shows deviations below 5 %, which agrees well with the calculated relative uncertainty of 4.7 %.
Coherence properties from speckle contrast analysis at the European XFEL
Authors: Dallari F , Lokteva I , Möller J , Jain A , Roseker W , Westermeier F , Goy C , Boesenberg U , Hallmann J , Rodriguez-Fernandez A , Scholz M , Shayduk R , Madsen A , Grübel G , Lehmkühler F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We show the results of speckle contrast analysis at the MID instrument of European XFEL in the hard X-ray regime. Speckle patterns measured from static colloidal samples are compared to results previously obtained at the SPB/SFX instrument. A high degree of coherence of 0.79 is obtained by modelling the q-dependence of the speckle contrast, that corresponds to a number of coherent modes of M = 1.7. Furthermore, the variation of contrast over many pulse trains is exceptional low, resulting in a degree of coherence with a relative standard deviation below 0.1. Our results demonstrate the high stability of coherence properties at European XFEL over many X-ray pulses and pulse trains which is a prerequisite for coherence-based techniques such as MHz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.
Simultaneous in-situ x-ray beam profile and intensity measurements with a minimally invasive pixelated diamond monitor
Authors: Martin BW , Fleischauer VE , Muller E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Measuring x-ray beam position, profile, and intensity at synchrotron beamlines provides valuable information for all experiments. Sydor’s transparent x-ray camera (TXC), based on technology originally developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory[1], enables these measurements in-line with experiments for live feedback. The TXC has a low beam profile that fits within a standard vacuum flange width and is composed of diamond material for > 90% transmission of > 5 keV x-rays, minimizing disruption of beamline space and the x-ray beam itself. Standard device parameters include 32 x 32, 60 µm pitch pixels, linearity over a 107 – 1016 photons/s dynamic imaging range, < 40 pA noise floor, and total flux measurement mode. Device performance has been evaluated using a pinhole mask with a benchtop silver x-ray tube and during beam focusing tests at the XFP beamline at NSLS-II and flux characterization at the FAST beamline at CHESS. This work will highlight the features of this commercial beam diagnostic, test results, and future directions and applications of the technology.
Energy-Resolving X-ray Imaging at 1 MHz Frame Rate – The HEXITECMHZ ASIC
Authors: Jones L. L. , Bell S. , Church I. , Cline B. , Gardiner T. , Hart M. , Holden J. , Nicholls T. , Nobes J. , Prydderch M. , Roberts M. , Seller P. , Veale M. , Wilson M. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
HEXITECMHZ is an ASIC developed to deliver spectroscopic x-ray imaging at frame rates up to 1MHz for future high-flux-rate applications. Optimised for sensing electron signals from detector materials such as CdTe, CZT, GaAs, and p-type silicon detectors, the design has an array of 80×80 pixels on a pitch of 250 μm, with each pixel capable of measuring single x-ray photons up to energies of 200 keV, with a resolution of 1 keV FWHM. Further improvements in the spatial and spectroscopic resolution are possible due to the pixel’s ability to simultaneously sense positive signals up to 20 keV induced by internal weighting-potential effects from electron signals on neighbouring pixels. A count rate limit of around 106 photons s-1 mm-2 is achieved by converting the signals from all pixels every 1 μs using 12-bit time-to-digital converters – an improvement of two orders of magnitude over previous HEXITEC ASICs. To save power, each converter is shared between groups of eight pixels. Each 76.8kbit data frame is Aurora 64b/66b encoded and serialised over twenty lanes of differential CML, all operating in parallel at 4.1 Gbit/s. In this paper, we present details of the design, including preliminary test results from the ASIC.
Optimization of Solid Angle and Count Rate Capability of an X-ray Detector with Backscattering Geometry
Authors: Ticchi G. , Venturelli M. , Utica G. , Carminati M. , Borghi G. , Zorzi N. , Falkenberg G. , Fiorini C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We study here an optimized geometry for an X-ray detector with hole in the center, as key component for ASCANIO: an innovative 16-channels SDD based spectrometer specifically designed for X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) imaging in synchrotron beamlines. The detector will feature a backscattering geometry with a tilted SDD layout achieving 1 sr solid angle at 8 mm sample distance and a potential Output Count Rate higher than 20 Mcps. The 1 mm thick SDD provides 65 % absorption efficiency at 20 keV while preserving a good energy resolution better than 150 eV thanks to a dedicated cooling system and a low noise front-end electronics. In this paper, the optimization of the detector geometry, in terms of solid angle vs sample distance and maximization of the Output Count Rate introducing a tilting of the SDD units, is discussed.
Development of a direct reading system for an RFID-tagged Uni-puck in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Hiraki M , Matsugaki N , Yamada Y , Hikita M , Senda T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Structural Biology Research Centre in KEK has operated macromolecular crystallography beamlines at the Photon Factory. We have developed the sample exchange system PAM and implemented it on the beamlines for high-throughput, remote, and automated experiments. To prevent sample mix-ups by human error, we identify the Uni-pucks using a commercially available cryo-pin with a two-dimensional (2D) code. However, reading the 2D code sometimes fails because of frost growth when the cold cryo-pin is transferred from liquid nitrogen into the air. To achieve reliable identification, we are developing a sample identification system that uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. We successfully read an RFID tag on a Uni-puck placed in a puck-adapter directly immersed in liquid nitrogen.
Overcoming the data processing challenges of unifying tomography techniques at ESRF
Authors: Payno H , Paleo P , Nemoz C , Cloetens P , di Michiel M , Rack A , Tafforeau P , Solé V A , Viganò N R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ESRF tomography software is undergoing a major re-write, targeted at unifying the tomography user experience, data acquisition, data format, and processing tools. To cope with the inherent large complexity of handling data coming from multiple beamlines, techniques and facilities, we are developing an open source software called NXtomomill. It is named after the NXtomo application class of the NeXus data format, and it will offer advanced data conversion, manipulation and reduction functions. This includes azimuthal integration for X-ray Diffraction CT, and elemental fitting for X-ray Fluorescence CT.
This work will have a remarkable impact on resource management, software robustness, and data storage. With the addition of the new functionality of the ESRF data portal, it will also unlock unimagined opportunities with respect to the automation of artificial intelligence techniques on large and heterogeneous collections of datasets.
Beamline-implemented stretching devices for in situ X-ray scattering experiments
Authors: Euchler E , Sambale A K , Schneider K , Uhlig K , Boldt R , Stommel M , Stribeck A , Schwartzkopf M , Rothkirch A , Roth S V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two recently developed experimental devices for investigating soft matter deformation are presented. Both devices exploit the capabilities of a modern synchrotron beamline to enable advanced and highly precise materials-science experiments in which X-ray scattering is registered. The devices can be operated both in monotonic as well as cyclic mode and are implemented into a beamline at DESY, Hamburg (Germany). Hence, relevant experimental parameters, such as displacement, force and temperature, are recorded synchronously with the individual X-ray scattering patterns. In addition, spatial variation of materials deformation can be monitored and recorded with optical microscopy. This unique sample environment enables in situ X-ray experiments in transmission, i.e. small- or wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS or WAXS), and in grazing-incidence geometry, i.e. grazing-incidence (GI-) SAXS or WAXS. One device with stepper motors is designed for studies of slow, (quasi-) static deformation and the other one with pneumatic actuators can be used for fast, impact deformation. Both devices are available to external beamline users, too.
Millisecond-Order Temporal-Resolution Synchrotron X-ray Tomography without Sample Rotation
Authors: Yashiro Wataru , Liang Xiaoyu , Voegeli Wolfgang , Arakawa Etsuo , Shirasawa Tetsuroh , Kajiwara Kentaro , Fujii Katsuya , Hashimoto Koh , Kudo Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A multi-beam optics consisting of curved crystals with blades for a white synchrotron X-ray beam from a bending magnet was developed, and millisecond-order temporal-resolution X-ray tomography with a voxel size of 20 μm was successfully realized without sample rotation. The multi-beam optics opens the spatio-temporal frontier of X-ray tomography for unrepeatable and nonequilibrium systems and is expected to be applied to various fields in materials and life sciences.
MOGNO, the nano and microtomography beamline at Sirius, the Brazilian synchrotron light source
Authors: Archilha N L , Costa GS R , Ferreira G R B , Moreno G B Z L , Rocha A S , Meyer B C , Pinto A C , Miqueles E X S , Cardoso M B , Westfahl Jr H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The MOGNO beamline is a high-energy imaging beamline dedicated to in situ and operando experiments in heterogeneous and hierarchical samples, and one of the beamlines of the first phase of SIRIUS, the 4th generation storage ring at the LNLS. The beamline is currently under commissioning and will operate at energies of 21.5, 39.0 and 67.7 keV, using as primary source a 3.2T permanent magnet dipole, with critical energy of 19.15 keV. The beam is demagnified down to a nanometric focal spot (≈120 nm) using a set of three elliptical mirrors, which introduces a divergence and, hence, the beamline operates in a cone beam geometry with variable field-of-view (FoV between 150 µm to 85 mm) and spatial resolution (≈120 nm to 55 |am). These conditions are reached with two end-stations, the nanotomography and the microtomography stations. A high-Z photon counting detector, with detection area of ≈85 x 85 mm2, will serve for both the nano and micro-station, but the beamline will also count on an indirect detection system based on a sCMOS camera and a macroscope.
Simultaneous quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
Authors: Lützenkirchen-Hecht D , Bornmann B , Frahm R , Rothweiler P , von Polheim S , Eckelt F , Müller O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The existing setup for time-resolved quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS) at beamline P64 at the PETRA III storage ring is complemented by new infrastructure suited for the collection of X-ray diffraction data simultaneously to the QEXAFS experiment. In particular, the sinusoidal periodic movements of the quick-EXAFS mono-chromator are modified in such a way, that an energy plateau with approximately constant energy over a certain time is created in the pre-edge region of the absorption edge of interest. By employing a properly defined trigger signal in this time, the exposure of a two-dimensional X-ray detector placed behind the sample is actuated, thus allowing to collect an X-ray diffraction pattern over a certain angular range as defined by the actual X-ray energy and the position of the 2D-detector. Details of the new setup as well as exemplary results obtained during the solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and the bcc-fcc phase transition of iron at elevated temperatures are presented.
Development of a new methodology for site distribution determination by powder diffraction with anomalous scattering using focused beam and flat shape sample geometry
Authors: Tanaka M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new methodology of synchrotron powder diffraction with anomalous scattering for site occupancy determination has been examined. We have been developing a new Synchrotron powder diffraction geometry with focused X-ray beam, flat shape sample and area detectors. As an application of the geometry, a new methodology for site occupancy determination has been tried. The diffraction intensity ratio change against X-ray energy near an absorption edge was observed and was compared with the calculation obtained from various site distribution crystal structure models. The methodology has been successfully applied for site distribution determination of In atom in β-(Ga,In)2O3 crystal. The new methodology can obtain diffraction intensity without approximation in absorption correction and can eliminate preferred orientation effect. By the combination of these features the new methodology can be a new application of synchrotron powder diffraction with anomalous scattering.
Orientation efficiency of a Sun-tracking surface
Authors: Syrotyuk S , Halchak V , Boyarchuk V , Syrotiuk V , Jakubowski T , Giełżecki J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The work uses common correlations of solar power engineering and spherical astronomy for measuring of orientation efficiency of a tracking surface. The presented formulas for calculation are supplied with the appropriate schemes of illumination. The research gives hour graphics, which depicts a dependence of the cosines of the angle of incidence of the surface of typical tracking devices for the periods of summer and winter solstice and equinox. The graphic materials are suitable for argumentation of the constructive decisions and comparative estimation of their efficiency.
Logistic regression application into leak identification of embankment in-depth probe
Authors: Kozłowski E , Król K , Rymarczyk T 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe publication presents the results of research on the method of spatial analysis of moisture in objects with the use of deep-sea electrodes. The research consisted in the preparation and development of algorithms as well as models for the analysis and reconstruction of images on the basis of data obtained from impedance electrical tomography. The selected algorithms were used to convert electrical values into conductance. The input is electrical values and the output is image pixels. The pixels represent the conductance. The paper presents the use of PCA method in logistic regression as well as elastic network in logistic regression for leak detection in embankments. In order to be able to perform the research, deep-sea probes were used to collect data.
Some remarks about Boundary Element Method application of second-order versus zero-order to Diffuse Optical Tomography
Authors: Rymarczyk T , Sikora J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, two boundary elements approximation has been considered focusing the readers' attention on some numerical aspects of such approximation. As an example, the Diffuse Optical Tomography was selected with the relatively simple geometry of the region. Then, the Helmholtz equation converted to the necessary form in the frequency domain was considered. Next, the inverse problem was formulated as the optimal shape design one. Finally, those two different approximations were compared, and then the results were presented. Finally, some conclusions were formulated at the end of the paper.
Using principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression to identify the location of objects in EIT
Authors: Król K , Rymarczyk T , Kozłowski E , Niderla K 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the research results on the use of machine learning algorithms and electrical tomography to detect moisture in the tank. The article presents methods such as principal component analysis and elastic net in logistic regression, for identifying object locations. Tomographic methods show a spatial image of the interior, not individual points of the examined cross-section. Previous studies have shown that the choice of machine learning model has a significant impact on the quality of the results obtained. Machine learning is more likely to provide accurate tomogram reconstructions than traditional mathematical methods. In this study, linear regression models performed slightly worse than neural networks. A specially developed numerical model was used in this study. The characteristic feature of the analyzed solution is the partition of the modeled object into a set of elements using a specially developed mesh.
An Experimental and Computational Investigations on the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Novel Chalcone (E)-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(1, 5a1-dihydro pyren-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Alsaee Saleh K. , Mzwd Elham , Bakar Mohamad Aizat Abu , Abdullah Mundzir , Arshad Suhana , Razak Ibrahim Abdul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A novel chalcone based pyrene (E)-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-3-(1,5a1-dihydropyren-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (EIPDP) has been successfully synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The molecular structure was optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/ 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) was obtained to study the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) by introducing electrophilic and nucleophilic sites on the compound surfaces. Absorption UV-Vis spectra were performed experimentally and theoretically to study the electron transitions of the EIPDP. Further, the excitation states were characterized using the hybrid exchange-correlation functional of Coulomb Attenuated Method-Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (CAM-B3LYP) with the Integral Equation Formalism Polarizable Continuum Model (IEFPCM) in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent at the same basis set. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated using Z-scan techniques with continuous wave (CW) laser at 630nm. The NLO findings disclosed that the third-order nonlinear optical parameter (χ
3) for the title compound is in the order of 10−6 esu.