bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharides from Chinese herbs as natural weapons against colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Mingyue , Yue Yinzi , Wang Yahui , Yan Shuai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third and second among the most widespread cancers worldwide and the most common causes of human death due to cancer, respectively. Furthermore, for unknown reasons, numbers of young patients diagnosed with colon cancer has increased. Polysaccharides are important functional phytochemicals reported to have anti-CRC effects. Moreover, CRC development and progression is closely related to the gut microbiome. Although approaches for treating CRC have been the subject of some review papers, research into traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments for CRC and the underlying mechanisms involving polysaccharides have not been reviewed. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying treatment of CRC using TCM polysaccharides, based on the etiology of CRC, and common treatment methods applied. The relationship between intestinal microbes and CRC, the mechanism by which TCM polysaccharides induce CRC cell apoptosis, and how TCM polysaccharides promote immune responses are discussed, as well as TCM polysaccharide use in combination with chemotherapy. TCM polysaccharides provide options for CRC treatment, due to their advantages of having multiple targets, eliciting modest adverse reactions, and wide range of available sources.
Synthetic test circuit with two‐level voltage source for HVDC circuit breakers
Authors: Xiu Shixin , Long Zhisong , Qin Ke , Jia Shenli , Tang Qiang , Shi Zongqin , Zhang Feifan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn order to ensure the reliable interruption of high voltage direct current circuit breaker (HVDC CB), the breaking test of HVDC CB plays an important role in its performance verification. In this paper, the interruption process of the HVDC CB is analyzed, and the equivalent requirements for the breaking test of HVDC CB are summarized. In the breaking test of high voltage and high current, the transient interruption voltage (TIV) duration is short, which leads to insufficient voltage stress. A new synthetic test circuit for testing the interruption performance of HVDC CBs is proposed, which can solve the problem of insufficient TIV duration caused by insufficient test capacity. Subsequently, the working principle of the test circuit is introduced in detail and the design method of the circuit parameters is given. The short‐circuit current breaking test simulation of HVDC CB is carried out. The simulation results fit most well with the results of actual test cases, which verifies the universality of this test method. Finally, a test platform is built to verify the principle of the test circuit. TIV rose to 2.5 kV compared to the predetermined system voltage of 1.67 kV during the test, which means that the key stress provided by the test circuit can meet the expected requirements.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Konrad B. S. , Alei E. , Quanz S. P. , Mollière P. , Angerhausen D. , Fortney J. J. , Hakim K. , Jordan S. , Kitzmann D. , Rugheimer S. , Shorttle O. , Wordsworth R. ,   the LIFE Collaboration
Published: March 2023

Context.Terrestrial exoplanets in the habitable zone are likely a common occurrence. The long-term goal is to characterize the atmospheres of dozens of such objects. The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) initiative aims to develop a space-based mid-infrared (MIR) nulling interferometer to measure the thermal emission spectra of such exoplanets.Aims.We investigate how well LIFE could characterize a cloudy Venus-twin exoplanet. This allows us to: (1) test our atmospheric retrieval routine on a realistic non-Earth-like MIR emission spectrum of a known planet, (2) investigate how clouds impact retrievals, and (3) further refine the LIFE requirements derived in previous Earth-centered studies.Methods.We ran Bayesian atmospheric retrievals for simulated LIFE observations of a Venus-twin exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star located 10 pc from the observer. The LIFESIMnoise model accounted for all major astrophysical noise sources. We ran retrievals using different models (cloudy and cloud-free) and analyzed the performance as a function of the quality of the LIFE observation. This allowed us to determine how well the atmosphere and clouds are characterizable depending on the quality of the spectrum.Results.At the current minimal resolution (R= 50) and signal-to-noise (S/N= 10 at 11.2 μ m) requirements for LIFE, all tested models suggest a CO2-rich atmosphere (≥30% in mass fraction). Further, we successfully constrain the atmospheric pressure-temperature (P–T) structure above the cloud deck (P–Tuncertainty ≤ ± 15 K). However, we struggle to infer the main cloud properties. Further, the retrieved planetary radius (Rpl), equilibrium temperature (Teq), and Bond albedo (AB) depend on the model. Generally, a cloud-free model performs best at the current minimal quality and accurately estimatesRpl,Teq, andAB. If we consider higher quality spectra (especiallyS/N= 20), we can infer the presence of clouds and pose first constraints on their structure.Conclusions.Our study shows that the minimal R and S/N requirements for LIFE suffice to characterize the structure and composition of a Venus-like atmosphere above the cloud deck if an adequate model is chosen. Crucially, the cloud-free model is preferred by the retrieval for low spectral qualities. We thus find no direct evidence for clouds at the minimalRandS/Nrequirements and cannot infer the thickness of the atmosphere. Clouds are only constrainable in MIR retrievals of spectra withS/N≥ 20. The model dependence of our retrieval results emphasizes the importance of developing a community-wide best-practice for atmospheric retrieval studies.
Automatic line selection for abundance determinations in large stellar spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Kordopatis Georges , Hill Vanessa , Lind Karin 
Published: March 2023

Context. Over the past few years, new multiplex spectrographs have emerged to observe several millions of stars. The optimisation of these instruments (w.r.t. their resolution or wavelength range), their associated surveys (choice of instrumental set-up), and their parameterisation pipelines require methods that estimate which wavelengths (or pixels) contain useful information.
Aims. We propose a method that establishes the usefulness of an atomic spectral line, whereby usefulness is defined by the purity of the line and its detectability. We demonstrate two applications of our code: a) optimising an instrument by comparing the number of detected useful lines at a given wavelength range and resolution; and b) optimising the line list for a given set-up, in the sense of creating a golden subsample of the least-blended lines that are detectable at a range of signal-to-noise ratio values.
Methods. The method compares pre-computed normalised synthetic stellar spectra containing all of the elements and molecules with spectra solely containing the lines of specific elements. Then, the flux ratios between the full spectrum and the element spectrum are computed to estimate the line purities. The method automatically identifies: (i) the line’s central wavelength, (ii) its detectability based on its depth and a given signal-to-noise threshold, and (iii) its usefulness based on the purity ratio defined above.
Results. We applied this method to compare the three WEAVE high-resolution set-ups (blue: 404–465 nm, green: 473–545 nm, red: 595–685 nm) and find that the green+red set-up both allows us to measure more elements and contains more numerous useful lines. However, there is a disparity in terms of which elements are detected over each of the set-ups that we have characterised. We also studied the performances of high-resolution (R ~ 20 000) and low-resolution (R ~ 6000) spectra covering the entire optical wavelength range. Assuming a purity threshold of 60%, we find that the high-resolution set-up contains a much wealthier selection of lines, for any of the considered elements; whereas the low-resolution set-up displays a ‘loss’ of 50% to 90% of the lines (depending on the nucleosynthetic channel considered), even when the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.
Conclusions. The method presented here provides a vital diagnostic of where to focus to get the most out of a spectrograph. It is easy to implement for future instruments that have not yet determined their final configuration, as well as for pipelines that require line masks.
Paving the way to the synthesis of PAHs in dark molecular clouds: The formation of cyclopentadienyl radical (c-C5H5)
Authors: García de la Concepción J. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Rivilla V. M. , Colzi L. , Martín-Pintado J. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The interest of astrophysicists and astrochemists in studying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has grown since their assignment to previously unidentified IR emission bands of dust grains. Although observations show that PAHs are present in the interstellar medium (ISM), there is still no consensus about their formation. PAH formation has been studied following two approaches: bottom-up (i.e. through the association of smaller hydrocarbons) and top-down (via the photo-dissociation or hydrogenation of larger-structures). The recent detection of simple aromatic rings in the TMC-1 molecular cloud seems to suggest the bottom-up scenario is favoured.
Aims. We study the reaction between the propargyl (C3H3) radical and the vinyl radical (C2H3) under interstellar conditions, providing new kinetic parameters for the formation of PAH precursors.
Methods. We used high-level quantum-chemical calculations to describe the reaction mechanism between these two radicals. We calculated the rate constant of the individual product channels in the temperature range 10–400 K and at 1 × 10−7 atm by solving the one-dimensional master equation to quantitatively understand whether this reaction is viable in the ISM.
Results. Our results show that this reaction is likely to occur even in the low-density (~104 cm−3) and low-temperature (~10 K) conditions of molecular dark clouds. The main product is the cyclopentadienyl radical (C5H5). The unsaturated open-chain hydrocarbon C5H5 in the trans (trans-C5H5) and cis conformations (cis-C5H5) are also formed, but to a lesser extent.
Conclusions. Our results show that the reaction of vinyl radical with propargyl radical is efficient under interstellar conditions and yields the cyclopentadienyl radical, which could be an important precursor for the formation of more complex polycyclic hydrocarbons (e.g. indene) and simple PAHs (e.g. naphthalene) in molecular dark clouds.
Systematische Übersichtsarbeit Antipsychotische Behandlung
des Alkoholentzugssyndroms: Fokus Delirium Tremens
Authors: Faustmann Timo Jendrik , Paschali Myrella , Kojda Georg , Schilbach Leonhard , Kamp Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Delirium tremens (DT) ist eine weit verbreitete und
potentiell vital bedrohliche Komplikation des Alkoholentzugs. Die
medikamentöse Behandlung eines DT spielt sowohl eine wichtige Rolle in
der stationären suchtmedizinischen Versorgung als auch in anderen
medizinischen Fachbereichen, in denen ein Alkoholentzugsdelir sekundär
durch die Hospitalisierung auftreten kann. Patienten im DT müssen
hochdosiert mit Benzodiazepinen (bei geriatrischen Patienten kurzwirksame
Benzodiazepine zur Vermeidung einer Akkumulierung) oder Clomethiazol sowie bei
produktiv-psychotischen Symptomen zusätzlich antipsychotisch behandelt
werden. Eine differenzierte Empfehlung zur konkreten Behandlung mit
Antipsychotika im DT fehlt bisher. Die hier vorliegende Übersicht
diskutiert die Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften mit anderen in der Literatur
zugänglichen Ergebnissen bezüglich der Wahl eines
Antipsychotikums zur Behandlung des DT. Ziel: Systematische Darstellung
relevanter Antipsychotika zur Behandlung des DT.
Methode Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in Pubmed und
Scopus nach Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten zu Antipsychotika im
Alkoholentzug und DT. Letztmalig erfolgte eine Suche am 22. Mai 2022. Weiter
wurden internationale Leitlinien berücksichtigt. Die
Übersichtsarbeit wurde mittels PROSPERO registriert (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/); CRD42021264611.
Ergebnisse Haloperidol wird besonders auf der Intensivstation empfohlen.
Die Datenlage zur differentiellen Verwendung von atypischen Antipsychotika im DT
ist weiter insuffizient. Insgesamt gilt es, die Medikation immer in Kombination
mit Benzodiazepinen durchzuführen und potentielle Komplikationen wie das
maligne neuroleptische Syndrom, QTc-Verlängerungen und
extrapyramidal-motorische Störungen sowie komplikative
Entzugskrampfanfälle durch Senkung der Krampfschwelle, unter der
Verwendung von Antipsychotika, zu beachten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlung mit Antipsychotika im DT sollte nach der
Erfahrung des Behandlers erfolgen. Eine klare Empfehlung außer die Gabe
von Haloperidol existiert nicht.
Language Disparity Predicts Poor Patient-Reported Outcome and Follow-Up in Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Fei , Rothchild Evan , Lu Yi-Hsueh , Ricci Joseph A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) have starkly different health care experiences compared with their English-proficient counterparts. The authors aim to examine the link between LEP and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective review of all patients who underwent abdominal-based microsurgical breast reconstruction at our institution between 2009 and 2019 was performed. Variables collected included patient demographics, language status, interpreter usage, perioperative complications, follow-up visits, and self-reported outcomes (Breast-Q). Pearson's χ
2 test, Student's t-test, odds ratio analysis, and regression modeling were used for analysis.
Results A total of 405 patients were included. LEP patients comprised 22.22% of the overall cohort with 80% of LEP patients utilizing interpreter services. LEP patients reported significantly lower satisfaction with an abdominal appearance at the 6-month follow-up and lower physical and sexual well-being scores at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, respectively). Non-LEP patients had significantly longer operative times (539.6 vs. 499.3 minutes, p = 0.024), were more likely to have postoperative donor site revisions (p = 0.05), and more likely to receive preoperative neuraxial anesthesia (p = 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, LEP stats was associated with 0.93 fewer follow-up visits (p = 0.02). Interestingly, compared with LEP patients who did not receive interpreter services, LEP patients who did had 1.98 more follow-up visits (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in emergency room visits or complications between the cohorts.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that language disparities exist within microsurgical breast reconstruction and underscore the importance of effective, language-conscious communication between surgeon and patient.
Enhanced Thomson scattering x-ray sources with flying focus laser pulse
Authors: Ye Hansheng , Gu Yuqiu , Fan Quanping , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Shaoyi , Tan Fang , Zhang Jie , Yang Yue , Yan Yonghong , Wen Jiaxing , Wu Yuchi , Lu Wei , Huang Wenhui , Zhou Weimin 
Published: March 2023

X-ray source based on the Thomson scattering of laser interacting with energetic electron beams features high photon energy, small spot size, and good collimation. However, the photon number is insufficient for practical application because of the small cross section of the Thomson scattering. To solve this problem, here, we replace a traditional Gaussian laser pulse with a flying focus laser pulse to extend interaction length and restrain nonlinear effects. Simulation results show that the scattered photon number can be increased by about 25 and 2 times for high and low energy lasers, respectively. In particular, a 1010 photon number can be generated with a 10 J flying focus laser pulse, and the energy spread can also be greatly reduced for high energy laser, from a broad spectrum to a monoenergetic peak. Combining these two advantages, the peak spectrum brightness of x ray is 3 × 108 photons/keV at 240 keV, which is about three orders of magnitude more than the traditional case.
A re-useable microreactor for dynamic and sensitive photocatalytic measurements: Exemplified by the photoconversion of ethanol on Pt-loaded titania P25
Authors: Aletsee Clara C. , Hochfilzer Degenhart , Kwiatkowski Anika , Becherer Markus , Kibsgaard Jakob , Chorkendorff Ib , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ueli 
Published: March 2023

Despite numerous advancements in synthesizing photoactive materials, the evaluation of their catalytic performance remains challenging since their fabrication often involves tedious strategies, yielding only low quantities in the μ-gram scale. In addition, these model catalysts exhibit different forms, such as powders or film(-like) structures grown on various supporting materials. Herein, we present a versatile gas phase μ-photoreactor, compatible with different catalyst morphologies, which is, in contrast to existing systems, re-openable and –useable, allowing not only post-characterization of the photocatalytic material but also enabling catalyst screening studies in short experimental time intervals. Sensitive and time-resolved reaction monitoring at ambient pressure is realized by a lid-integrated capillary, transmitting the entire gas flow from the reactor chamber to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Due to the microfabrication of the lid from borosilicate as base material, 88% of the geometrical area can be illuminated by a light source, further enhancing sensitivity. Gas dependent flow rates through the capillary were experimentally determined to be 1015–1016 molecules s−1, and in combination with a reactor volume of 10.5 μl, this results in residence times below 40 s. Furthermore, the reactor volume can easily be altered by adjusting the height of the polymeric sealing material. The successful operation of the reactor is demonstrated by selective ethanol oxidation over Pt-loaded TiO2 (P25), which serves to exemplify product analysis from dark-illumination difference spectra.
Embedding vertex corrections in GW self-energy: Theory, implementation, and outlook
Authors: Weng Guorong , Mallarapu Rushil , Vlček Vojtěch 
Published: March 2023

The vertex function (Γ) within the Green’s function formalism encapsulates information about all higher-order electron–electron interaction beyond those mediated by density fluctuations. Herein, we present an efficient approach that embeds vertex corrections in the one-shot GW correlation self-energy for isolated and periodic systems. The vertex-corrected self-energy is constructed through the proposed separation–propagation–recombination procedure: the electronic Hilbert space is separated into an active space and its orthogonal complement denoted as the “rest;” the active component is propagated by a space-specific effective Hamiltonian different from the rest. The vertex corrections are introduced by a rescaled time-dependent nonlocal exchange interaction. The direct Γ correction to the self-energy is further updated by adjusting the rescaling factor in a self-consistent post-processing cycle. Our embedding method is tested mainly on donor–acceptor charge-transfer systems. The embedded vertex effects consistently and significantly correct the quasiparticle energies of the gap-edge states. The fundamental gap is generally improved by 1–3 eV upon the one-shot GW approximation. Furthermore, we provide an outlook for applications of (embedded) vertex corrections in calculations of extended solids.
A new majority
Authors: Kohn Mary , Garcia Trevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRepresentativeness in regional dialectology is critical to avoid essentialization when describing regional and ethnic language variation. Yet, regional vowel studies still tend to focus on majority-white communities. Additionally, lack of research on the Great Plains leaves research on regional variation in Latinx Englishes incomplete. We examine a majority-Latinx community in a dialect region where the Low Back Vowel Merger Shift (LBMS) is widespread to examine participation in this sound shift and to document Latinx variation in the Great Plains. Findings illustrate the widespread presence of the LBMS for all participants, but with a less pronounced prenasaltrap/bansplit. The latter represents a vocalic pattern attested in numerous US Latinx communities. Anglos from the majority-Latinx field site variably pattern with their Latinx peers in their production ofban.These patterns illustrate participation in regional sound changes while also documenting supra-regional variation and local participation in Latinx English variants by Anglo peers.
Interference effects in harmonic ellipticity from H
2+
molecules in an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field
Authors: Zhang Si-Qi , Zhang Bing , Jiang Xiang-Qian , Sun Xiu-Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the elliptically polarized harmonics from aligned molecular ion H

2

+

in orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulses. Our results show that a striking peak appears in the ellipticity curve of odd-order harmonics, and this peak shows obvious alignment dependence and shifts toward higher energy as the amplitude ratio of the two colors increases. The location of the peak is close to that of the interference minimum predicted by using a modified dipole model, indicating strong two-center interference effects in ellipticity. Through adjusting the frequency ratio of the two colors, large ellipticity is obtained for both odd and even harmonics in a wide energy region. As a result, we synthesize a bright, elliptically polarized, isolated attosecond pulse with an ellipticity up to 0.63.
High-pressure single crystal growth and magnetoelectric properties of CdMn7O12
Authors: Zhou Long , Wang Xiao , Liu Zhehong , Ye Xubin , Zhang Jie , Zhao Haoting , Lu Dabiao , Pi Maocai , Pan Zhao , Zhang Xueqiang , Long Youwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concurrent presence of large electric polarization and strong magnetoelectric coupling is quite desirable for potential applications of multiferroics. In this paper, we report the growth of CdMn7O12 single crystals by flux method under a high pressure of 8 GPa for the first time. An antiferromagnetic (AFM) order with a polar magnetic point group is found to occur at the onset temperature of T
N1 = 88 K (AFM1 phase). As a consequence, the pyroelectric current emerges at T
N1 and gradually increases and reaches its maximum at T
set = 63 K, at which the AFM1 phase finally settles down. Below T
set, CdMn7O12 single crystal exhibits a large ferroelectric polarization up to 2640 µC m−2. Moreover, the spin-induced electric polarization can be readily tuned by applying magnetic fields, giving rise to considerable magnetoelectric coupling effects. Thus, the current CdMn7O12 single crystal acts as a rare multiferroic system where both large polarization and strong magnetoelectric coupling merge concurrently.