bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of intracranial fungal infections in children and adults in Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Takoutsing Berjo Dongmo , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Egu Chinedu Brian , Gillespie Conor S , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , Dalle David Ulrich , Ciuculete Ana Catinca , Awad Ahmed K , Khan Mehdi , Erhabor Joshua , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A , Kesici Özgür , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe protocol presents the methodology of a scoping review that aims to synthesise contemporary evidence on the management and outcomes of intracranial fungal infections in Africa.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The research question, inclusion and exclusion criteria and search strategy were developed based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. A search will be conducted in electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, African Journals Online, Cochrane Library and African Index Medicus). No restrictions on language or date of publication will be made. Quantitative and qualitative data extracted from included articles will be presented through descriptive statistics and a narrative description.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol does not require ethical approval. Findings will be reported in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented at local, regional, national and international conferences.
Qualitative examination of collaboration in team-based primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ashcroft Rachelle , Donnelly Catherine , Lam Simon , Kourgiantakis Toula , Adamson Keith , Verilli David , Dolovich Lisa , Sheffield Peter , Kirvan Anne , Dancey Maya , Gill Sandeep , Mehta Kavita , Sur Deepy , Brown Judith Belle 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe Ontario primary care teams’ experiences with collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive qualitative methods using focus groups conducted virtually for data collection.SettingPrimary care teams located in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsOur study conducted 11 focus groups with 10 primary care teams, with a total of 48 participants reflecting a diverse range of interprofessional healthcare providers and administrators working in primary care.ResultsThree themes were identified using thematic analysis: (1) prepandemic team functioning facilitated adaptation, (2) new processes of team interactions and collaboration, and (3) team as a foundation of support.ConclusionsResults revealed the importance of collaboration for provider well-being, and the challenges of providing collaborative team-based primary care in the pandemic context. Caution against converting primary care collaboration to predominantly virtual modalities postpandemic is recommended. Further research on team functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic in other healthcare organisations will offer additional insight regarding how primary care teams can work collaboratively in a postpandemic environment.
Co-developing patient and family engagement indicators for health system improvement with healthcare system stakeholders: a consensus study
Authors: Santana Maria-Jose , Ahmed Sadia , Fairie Paul , Zelinsky Sandra , Wilkinson Gloria , McCarron Tamara Lynne , Mork Mikie , Patel Jatin , Wasylak Tracy 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo develop a set of patient and family engagement indicators (PFE-Is) for measuring engagement in health system improvement for a Canadian provincial health delivery system through an evidence-based consensus approach.DesignThis mixed-method, multiphase project included: (1) identification of existing measures of patient and family engagement through a review of the literature and consultations with a diverse provincial council of patients, caregivers, community members and researchers. The Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET) was selected; (2) consultations on relevance, acceptability and importance with patient and family advisors, and staff members of Alberta Health Services’ Strategic Clinical Networks. This phase included surveys and one-on-one semi-structured interviews aimed to further explore the use of PPEET in this context. Findings from the survey and interviews informed the development of PFE-Is; (3) a Delphi consensus process using a modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to identify and refine a core set of PFE-Is.ParticipantsThe consensus panel consisted of patients, family members, community representatives, clinicians, researchers and healthcare leadership.ResultsFrom an initial list of 33 evidence-based PFE-Is identified, the consensus process yielded 18 final indicators. These PFE-Is were grouped into seven themes: communication, comfort to contribute, support needed for engagement, impact and influence of engagement initiative, diversity of perspectives, respectful engagement, and working together indicators.ConclusionsThis group of final patient, family and health system leaders informed indicators can be used to measure and evaluate meaningful engagement in health research and system transformation. The use of these metrics can help to improve the quality of patient and family engagement to drive health research and system transformation.
Quality improvement tools to manage deceased organ donation processes: a scoping review
Authors: Silva Amina , Arora Samantha , Dhanani Sonny , Rochon Andrea , Giorno Luciana P. , Jackson Elayne , Hornby Laura , Latifi Marzieh , Lotherington Ken , Luctkar-Flude Marian , Petry Stefany , Wilson Lindsay , Silva e Silva Vanessa 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo collate and summarise the literature on the quality improvement tools that have been developed for deceased organ donation processes after circulatory determination of death and neurological determination of death.DesignScoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework.Data sourcesWe searched for published (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) and unpublished literature (organ donation organisation websites worldwide). The search was initially conducted on 17 July 2021 and updated on 1 June 2022. Included articles discussed the creation and/or use of quality improvement tools to manage deceased organ donation processes. Two independent reviewers screened the references, extracted and analysed the data.Results40 references were included in this review, and most records were written in English (n=38), originated in Canada (n=21), published between 2016 and 2022 (n=22), and were specific for donation after neurological determination of death (n=20). The tools identified included checklists, algorithms, flow charts, charts, pathways, decision tree maps and mobile apps. These tools were applied in the following phases of the organ donation process: (1) potential donor identification, (2) donor referral, (3) donor assessment and risk, (4) donor management, (5) withdrawal of life-sustaining measures, (6) death determination, (7) organ retrieval and (8) overall organ donation process.ConclusionsWe conducted a thorough investigation of the available quality improvement tools for deceased organ donation processes. The existing evidence lacks details in the report of methods used for development, testing and impact of these tools, and we could not locate tools specific for some phases of the organ donation process. Lastly, by mapping existing tools, we aim to facilitate both clinician choices among available tools, as well as research work building on existing knowledge.
Comparison of influenza and COVID-19 hospitalisations in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Setayeshgar Solmaz , Wilton James , Sbihi Hind , Zandy Moe , Janjua Naveed , Choi Alexandra , Smolina Kate 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWe compared the population rate of COVID-19 and influenza hospitalisations by age, COVID-19 vaccine status and pandemic phase, which was lacking in other studies.MethodWe conducted a population-based study using hospital data from the province of British Columbia (population 5.3 million) in Canada with universal healthcare coverage. We created two cohorts of COVID-19 hospitalisations based on date of admission: annual cohort (March 2020 to February 2021) and peak cohort (Omicron era; first 10 weeks of 2022). For comparison, we created influenza annual and peak cohorts using three historical periods years to capture varying severity and circulating strains: 2009/2010, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. We estimated hospitalisation rates per 100 000 population.ResultsCOVID-19 and influenza hospitalisation rates by age group were ‘J’ shaped. The population rate of COVID-19 hospital admissions in the annual cohort (mostly unvaccinated; public health restrictions in place) was significantly higher than influenza among individuals aged 30–69 years, and comparable to the severe influenza year (2016/2017) among 70+. In the peak COVID-19 cohort (mostly vaccinated; few restrictions in place), the hospitalisation rate was comparable with influenza 2016/2017 in all age groups, although rates among the unvaccinated population were still higher than influenza among 18+. Among people aged 5–17 years, COVID-19 hospitalisation rates were lower than/comparable to influenza years in both cohorts. The COVID-19 hospitalisation rate among 0–4 years old, during Omicron, was higher than influenza 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 and lower than 2009/2010 pandemic.ConclusionsDuring first Omicron wave, COVID-19 hospitalisation rates were significantly higher than historical influenza hospitalisation rates for unvaccinated adults but were comparable to influenza for vaccinated adults. For children, in the context of high infection levels, hospitalisation rates for COVID-19 were lower than 2009/2010 H1N1 influenza and comparable (higher for 0–4) to non-pandemic years, regardless of the vaccine status.
Competition overwhelms environment and genetic effects on growth rates of endangered white sturgeon from a conservation aquaculture program
Authors: Crossman James A. , Korman Josh , McLellan Jason G. , Howell Matthew D. , Miller Andy L. 
Published: February 2023

Improving the status of endangered species can be challenging because the efficacy of conservation actions is often uncertain. Conservation aquaculture has been the main recovery action for endangered white sturgeon ( Acipenser transmontanus) in the Transboundary Reach of the upper Columbia River. Using long-term mark-recapture data (2002–2018), we predicted variation in growth rates due to genetic, environmental, and competition effects to evaluate the efficacy of the aquaculture program. Environmental conditions (by season and country) and competition had the greatest effects on growth. Growth, length-at-age, weight-at-age, and condition factor were higher for fish residing in reservoir habitats (US) compared to those in riverine habitat (Canada). Growth declined over the study period but growth in length for larger fish remained higher in the US as fish > 100 cm fork length in Canada were not growing. Small differences in growth among families indicate that differences in genetics among parents spawned in the hatchery had negligible effects on growth in the wild. Our estimate of substantive negative density-dependent growth in Canada is important for management of conservation aquaculture for sturgeons.
Evaluation of Aerosol Optical Depth Forecasts from NOAA’s Global Aerosol Forecast Model (GEFS-Aerosols)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Partha S. , Zhang Li , Baker Barry , Pan Li , Montuoro Raffaele , Grell Georg A. , McQueen Jeffery T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The NWS/NCEP recently implemented a new global deterministic aerosol forecast model named the Global Ensemble Forecast Systems Aerosols (GEFS-Aerosols), which is based on the Finite Volume version 3 GFS (FV3GFS). It replaced the operational NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) GFS Aerosol Component version 2 (NGACv2), which was based on a global spectral model (GSM). GEFS-Aerosols uses aerosol modules from the GOCART previously integrated in the WRF Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), FENGSHA dust scheme, and several other updates. In this study, we have extensively evaluated aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts from GEFS-Aerosols against various observations over a timespan longer than one year (2019–20). The total AOD improvement (in terms of seasonal mean) in GEFS-Aerosols is about 40% compared to NGACv2 in the fall and winter season of 2019. In terms of aerosol species, the biggest improvement came from the enhanced representation of biomass burning aerosol species as GEFS-Aerosols is able to capture more fire events in southern Africa, South America, and Asia than its predecessor. Dust AODs reproduce the seasonal variation over Africa and the Middle East. We have found that correlation of total AOD over large regions of the globe remains consistent for forecast days 3–5. However, we have found that GEFS-Aerosols generates some systematic positive biases for organic carbon AOD near biomass burning regions and sulfate AOD over prediction over East Asia. The addition of a data assimilation capability to GEFS-Aerosols in the near future is expected to address these biases and provide a positive impact to aerosol forecasts by the model.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to quantify improvements associated with the newly implemented global aerosol forecast model at NWS/NCEP. The monthly and seasonal variations of AOD forecasts of various aerosol regimes are overall consistent with the observations. Our results provide a guide to downstream regional air quality models like CMAQ that will use GEFS-Aerosols to provide lateral boundary conditions.
Public management, agility and innovation: The Swiss experience with the COVID-19 loan scheme
Authors: Pauletto Christian 
Published: February 2023

Within only 10 days of March 2020, the Swiss administration had designed and implemented a loan guarantee scheme for enterprises. The implementation phase was also short: it lasted less than five months. This article examines how that was possible, considering the complexity of the institutional setting and the scheme's innovative form, especially in terms of IT, including breakthroughs for the Swiss e-administrative practice: the scheme used algorithms to verify clients’ applications, a unique identification number for companies was implemented on a large scale, Swiss banks were integrated into the project's preparation and implementation, and some of their client operations were centralised on a government e-platform. The salient features of the process are identified through an analysis of the unfolding of operations during those ten days. The circumstances and context leading to radically new forms of public governance are also identified. Besides, an output analysis was undertaken to single out the innovative features of the deliverable. The case under consideration was short, and came unpredictably, so that no data or observations could be collected before or during the case. Accordingly, the study is by and large based on ex-post enquiries. With no explicitly formalised mandates, structures, or roles, the project participants came up with an informal organisation system. A well-defined deliverable was a powerful driver of the process. Several characteristics of the project, such as efficient networks, real-time information flow, flexible roles, flat hierarchy, and swift iterative subprocesses were akin to those of ‘agile organisations’. Tasks were performed concomitantly instead of sequentially. Points for practitioners It is striking that not much scholarly research has been published so far with a view to collecting and sharing the ‘lessons learned’ from the unique experience of emergency support packages during the pandemic, including at intra-organisational level. Research could be done regarding replicability both for future emergencies and for adjusting normal-times public management practices. This proposal aims to contribute to this conversation with a view to inspiring practitioners in public administrations and government entities. It foregrounds the relationship between governmental crisis management and the digitalisation of public administration processes using computer-enabled tools.
Examining the Optimal Placement of Cooling Centers to Serve Populations at High Risk of Extreme Heat Exposure in 81 US Cities
Authors: Adams Quinn H. , Chan Elana M.G. , Spangler Keith R. , Weinberger Kate R. , Lane Kevin J. , Errett Nicole A. , Hess Jeremy J. , Sun Yuantong , Wellenius Gregory A. , Nori-Sarma Amruta 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Although extreme heat can impact the health of anyone, certain groups are disproportionately affected. In urban settings, cooling centers are intended to reduce heat exposure by providing air-conditioned spaces to the public. We examined the characteristics of populations living near cooling centers and how well they serve areas with high social vulnerability. Methods: We identified 1402 cooling centers in 81 US cities from publicly available sources and analyzed markers of urban heat and social vulnerability in relation to their locations. Within each city, we developed cooling center access areas, defined as the geographic area within a 0.5-mile walk from a center, and compared sociodemographic characteristics of populations living within versus outside the access areas. We analyzed results by city and geographic region to evaluate climate-relevant regional differences. Results: Access to cooling centers differed among cities, ranging from 0.01% (Atlanta, Georgia) to 63.2% (Washington, DC) of the population living within an access area. On average, cooling centers were in areas that had higher levels of social vulnerability, as measured by the number of people living in urban heat islands, annual household income below poverty, racial and ethnic minority status, low educational attainment, and high unemployment rate. However, access areas were less inclusive of adult populations aged ≥65 years than among populations aged <65 years. Conclusion: Given the large percentage of individuals without access to cooling centers and the anticipated increase in frequency and severity of extreme heat events, the current distribution of centers in the urban areas that we examined may be insufficient to protect individuals from the adverse health effects of extreme heat, particularly in the absence of additional measures to reduce risk.
Conspiracy Theories and Foreign Policy Narratives: Globalism in Jair Bolsonaro’s Foreign Policy
Authors: de Sá Guimarães Feliciano , Cordeiro Moreira Davi , Dutra de Oliveira e Silva Irma , Raposo de Mello Anna Carolina 
Published: February 2023

An analysis of more than 2,000 speeches and social media posts on foreign policy issues from four members of Jair Bolsonaro’s government from January 2019 to December 2020 suggests that a conspiracy theory called “globalism,” which explains current events using a series of intrigues and stratagems carried out by fictitious enemies to undermine the national order, has not only taken root in Brazil’s foreign policy narrative but consistently been used over time by the cabinet members responsible for that policy. It also indicates that the use of “globalism” is not just a political strategy to persuade voters but a worldview embedded in Bolsonaro’s far-right cabinet. Uma análise de mais de 2.000 discursos e posts provenientes de redes sociais sobre questões da política externa do Brasil por quatro membros do gabinete do governo de Jair Bolsonaro de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020 indica que a teoria de conspiração denominada “globalismo,” que explica atualidades em termos de uma série de intrigas e estratégias implementadas por inimigos fictícios para minar a ordem nacional, não se arreigou apenas na narrativa exibida na política exterior brasileira mas também se utilizou há anos pelos mesmos membros do gabinete que são responsáveis por sua elaboração. Isso significa que o uso do “globalismo” não é só uma estratégia política para convencer eleitores mas é também uma visão do mundo que é enraizada no gabinete de Bolsonaro cuja origem reside na extreme direita.
A pilot study to evaluate clinical factors associated with iron and ferritin elevations during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Sam Ashley E , Weber Zachary , Peña Alejandra , Henderson Cody , King Jonathan M , Carr Nicholas R 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Elevations in serum ferritin and serum iron occur during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Previous reports attribute the elevation to frequent red blood cell transfusions and/or hemolysis. Chronic transfusion can cause iron deposition in tissues leading to multisystem organ dysfunction. This study aims identify clinical factors associated with elevated ferritin and iron in pediatric ECMO patients, along with post-decannulation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of iron deposition in liver and brain. Methods: Prospective, pilot study, using descriptive statistics to investigate potential associations between patient characteristics, serum ferritin and iron levels, and post-decannulation hepatic and basal ganglia iron deposition. Results: In this study, nine patients (100%) had elevated serum ferritin levels during ECMO. High ferritin levels were more common with veno-arterial than with veno-venous cannulation ( p = 0.026) and were also associated with high plasma free hemoglobin levels ( p < 0.001). Five patients presented with elevated serum iron levels. High serum iron levels were associated with higher daily ( p = 0.016) and cumulative transfusion volumes ( p = 0.013) as well ECMO duration beyond 7 days. MRI scans were performed on three patients with no evidence of abnormal iron deposition detected in the liver or brain. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that during pediatric ECMO, elevations in serum ferritin and serum iron occur and those elevations may be related to the cannulation modality, ECMO duration, amount of hemolysis, and volume of red blood cell transfusions. Further investigation is warranted to fully understand the implications of elevated serum iron and ferritin in pediatric ECMO.