bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaluza-Klein spectrometry beyond consistent truncations: the squashed S7
Authors: Duboeuf Bastien , Malek Emanuel , Samtleben Henning 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We show how to use Exceptional Field Theory to compute the full Kaluza-Klein spectra of 10- and 11-dimensional supergravity around deformations of backgrounds of maximal gauged supergravity by scalar modes that do not form part of the consistent truncation. This includes deformations of AdS4 × S7 and AdS5 × S5 by modes that are not part of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 supermultiplet. As an application, we compute the full Kaluza-Klein spectrum of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 squashed S7. In this example, all conformal dimensions are captured by a universal formula in terms of the Casimir operators and additional quantum numbers which organise the spectrum.
Relativistic equations with singular potentials
Authors: Arcoya David , Sportelli Caterina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe first part of this paper concern with the study of the Lorentz force equation $$\begin{aligned} \left( \frac{q'}{\sqrt{1-|q'|^2}}\right) '= \overrightarrow{E}(t,q)+q'\times \overrightarrow{B}(t,q) \end{aligned}$$

q
′

1
-
|

q
′

|

2

′

=

E
→

(
t
,
q
)

+

q
′

×

B
→

(
t
,
q
)

in the relevant physical configuration where the electric field $$\overrightarrow{E}$$

E
→

has a singularity in zero. By using Szulkin’s critical point theory, we prove the existence of T-periodic solutions provided that T and the electric and magnetic fields interact properly. In the last part, we employ both a variational and a topological argument to prove that the scalar relativistic pendulum-type equation $$\begin{aligned} \left( \frac{q'}{\sqrt{1-(q')^2}}\right) ' +q = G^{\prime }(q) +h(t), \end{aligned}$$

q
′

1
-

(

q
′

)

2

′

+
q
=

G
′

(
q
)

+
h

(
t
)

,

admits at least a periodic solution when $$h\in L^1 (0, T)$$

h
∈

L
1

(
0
,
T
)

and G is singular at zero.
Who has mental health problems? Comparing individual, social and psychiatric constructions of mental health
Authors: Pescosolido Bernice A. , Green Harold D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The persistent gap between population indicators of poor mental health and the uptake of services raises questions about similarities and differences between social and medical/psychiatric constructions. Rarely do studies have assessments from different perspectives to examine whether and how lay individuals and professionals diverge.

Methods
Data from the Person-to-Person Health Interview Study (P2P), a representative U.S. state sample (N ~ 2700) are used to examine the overlap and correlates of three diverse perspectives—self-reported mental health, a self/other problem recognition, and the CAT-MH™ a validated, computer adaptive test for psychopathology screening. Descriptive and multinominal logit analyses compare the presence of mental health problems across stakeholders and their association with respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Analyses reveal a set of socially constructed patterns. Two convergent patterns indicate whether there is (6.9%, The “Sick”) or is not (64.6%, The “Well”) a problem. The “Unmet Needers” (8.7%) indicates that neither respondents nor those around them recognize a problem identified by the screener. Two patterns indicate clinical need where either respondents (The “Self Deniers”, 2.9%) or others (The “Network Deniers”, 6.0%) do not. Patterns where the diagnostic indicator does not suggest a problem include The “Worried Well” (4.9%) where only the respondent does, The “Network Coerced” (4.6%) where only others do, and The “Prodromal” (1.4%) where both self and others do. Education, gender, race, and age are associated with social constructions of mental health problems.

Conclusions
The implications of these results hold the potential to improve our understanding of unmet need, mental health literacy, stigma, and treatment resistance.
Topology optimization of microwave frequency dividing multiplexers
Authors: Bokhari Ahmad H. , Hassan Emadeldeen , Wadbro Eddie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use material-distribution-based topology optimization to design a three-port frequency dividing multiplexer at microwave frequencies. That is, by placing a good electric conductor inside the design domain, we aim to design a passive device that splits the incoming signal’s frequencies into two frequency bands and transmits them to their respective output ports. The Helmholtz equation models the time-harmonic wave propagation problem. We solve the governing equation using the finite element method. The adjoint variable method provides the required gradients, and we solve the topology optimization problem using Svanberg’s MMA algorithm. In this study, we present a technique for modeling the distribution of a good electric conductor within the design domain. In addition, we derive a power balance expression, which aids in formulating a series of three objective functions. In each successive objective function, we add more information and evaluate its impact on the results. The results show that by selecting a suitable objective function, we achieve more than $$93.7\,\%$$

93.7

%

transmission for both the frequency bands. Moreover, the numerical experiments suggest that the optimization problem is self penalized and is sensitive to the initial design.
Maternal exposure to multiple mycotoxins and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Kyei Nicholas N. A. , Waid Jillian L. , Ali Nurshad , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans-Ulrich , Gabrysch Sabine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is limited and inconsistent evidence, primarily from cross-sectional studies, linking mycotoxins to adverse birth outcomes. This study investigates the potential role of maternal dietary exposure to multiple mycotoxins in the development of several adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. We analyzed data from 436 singleton pregnancies enrolled in a prospective cohort study in the rural Habiganj district, Bangladesh, between July 2018 and November 2019. Thirty-five urinary mycotoxin biomarkers were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and used to estimate dietary mycotoxin exposure. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for potential confounding and clustering, were fitted to assess the associations between maternal exposure to frequently occurring mycotoxins (ochratoxin A-OTA, citrinin- CIT, and Deoxynivalenol- DON) and pregnancy loss, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and small-vulnerable newborn. The results indicate that only in 16 of 436 pregnancies (4%) were urine samples free from all investigated mycotoxins. Biomarkers for six major mycotoxins were detected in the urine samples. OTA (95%), CIT (61%), and DON (6%) were most frequently detected, with at least two mycotoxins co-occurring in the majority of women (63%). There was evidence that maternal dietary intake of OTA was associated with higher odds of having an LBW baby, with the odds increasing in a dose-dependent manner. We found no evidence of associations between pregnancy loss, PTB, SGA, small-vulnerable newborns, and maternal dietary exposure to OTA, CIT, and DON, albeit with large confidence intervals, so findings are consistent with protective as well as large harmful effects. Exposure to multiple mycotoxins during pregnancy is widespread in this rural community and represents a health risk for mothers and babies. Tailored public health policies and interventions must be implemented to reduce mycotoxin exposure to the lowest possible level.
Micro-Slip-Induced Multiplicative Plasticity: Existence of Energy Minimizers
Authors: Mariano Paolo Maria , Mucci Domenico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo account for material slips at microscopic scale, we take deformation mappings asSBVfunctions$$\varphi $$φ, which are orientation-preserving outside a jump set taken to be two-dimensional and rectifiable. For their distributional derivative$$F=D\varphi $$F=Dφwe examine the common multiplicative decomposition$$F=F^{e}F^{p}$$F=FeFpinto so-called elastic and plastic factors, the latter a measure. Then, we consider a polyconvex energy with respect to$$F^{e}$$Fe, augmented by the measure$$|\textrm{curl}\,F^{p}|$$|curlFp|. For this type of energy we prove the existence of minimizers in the space ofSBVmaps. We avoid self-penetration of matter. Our analysis rests on a representation of the slip system in terms of currents (in the sense of geometric measure theory) with both$$\mathbb {Z}^{3}$$Z3and$$\mathbb {R}^{3}$$R3valued multiplicity. The two choices make sense at different spatial scales; they describe separate but not alternative modeling options. The first one is particularly significant for periodic crystalline materials at a lattice level. The latter covers a more general setting and requires to account for an energy extra term involving the slip boundary size. We include a generalized (and weak) tangency condition; the resulting setting embraces gliding and cross-slip mechanisms. The possible highly articulate structure of the jump set allows one to consider also the resulting setting even as an approximation of climbing mechanisms.
Lack of superstable trajectories in linear viscoelasticity: a numerical approach
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Liverani Lorenzo , Pata Vittorino 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGiven a positive operator A on some Hilbert space, and a nonnegative decreasing summable function $$\mu $$
μ
, we consider the abstract equation with memory $$\begin{aligned} \ddot{u}(t)+ A u(t)- \int _0^t \mu (s)Au(t-s) ds=0 \end{aligned}$$

u
¨

(
t
)

+
A
u

(
t
)

-

∫
0
t

μ

(
s
)

A
u

(
t
-
s
)

d
s
=
0

modeling the dynamics of linearly viscoelastic solids. The purpose of this work is to provide numerical evidence of the fact that the energy $$\begin{aligned} {{\textsf{E}}}(t)=\Big (1-\int _0^t\mu (s)ds\Big )\Vert u(t)\Vert ^2_1+\Vert \dot{u}(t)\Vert ^2 +\int _0^t\mu (s)\Vert u(t)-u(t-s)\Vert ^2_1ds \end{aligned}$$

E

(
t
)

=

(

1
-

∫
0
t

μ

(
s
)

d
s

)

‖
u

(
t
)

‖

1
2

+
‖

u
˙

(
t
)

‖

2

+

∫
0
t

μ

(
s
)

‖
u

(
t
)

-
u

(
t
-
s
)

‖

1
2

d
s

of any nontrivial solution cannot decay faster than exponential, no matter how fast might be the decay of the memory kernel $$\mu $$
μ
. This will be accomplished by simulating the integro-differential equation for different choices of the memory kernel $$\mu $$
μ
and of the initial data.
Unsupervised learning to characterize patients with known coronary artery disease undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Williams Michelle C. , Bednarski Bryan P. , Pieszko Konrad , Miller Robert J. H. , Kwiecinski Jacek , Shanbhag Aakash , Liang Joanna X. , Huang Cathleen , Sharir Tali , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Einstein Andrew J. , Sinusas Albert J. , Miller Edward J. , Bateman Timothy M. , Fish Mathews B. , Ruddy Terrence D. , Acampa Wanda , Hauser M. Timothy , Kaufmann Philipp A. , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S. , Slomka Piotr J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) comprise a heterogenous population with varied clinical and imaging characteristics. Unsupervised machine learning can identify new risk phenotypes in an unbiased fashion. We use cluster analysis to risk-stratify patients with known CAD undergoing single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Methods
From 37,298 patients in the REFINE SPECT registry, we identified 9221 patients with known coronary artery disease. Unsupervised machine learning was performed using clinical (23), acquisition (17), and image analysis (24) parameters from 4774 patients (internal cohort) and validated with 4447 patients (external cohort). Risk stratification for all-cause mortality was compared to stress total perfusion deficit (< 5%, 5–10%, ≥10%).

Results
Three clusters were identified, with patients in Cluster 3 having a higher body mass index, more diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and less likely to be male, have dyslipidemia, or undergo exercise stress imaging (p < 0.001 for all). In the external cohort, during median follow-up of 2.6 [0.14, 3.3] years, all-cause mortality occurred in 312 patients (7%). Cluster analysis provided better risk stratification for all-cause mortality (Cluster 3: hazard ratio (HR) 5.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0, 8.6, p < 0.001; Cluster 2: HR 3.3, 95% CI 2.5, 4.5, p < 0.001; Cluster 1, reference) compared to stress total perfusion deficit (≥10%: HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5, 2.5 p < 0.001; < 5%: reference).

Conclusions
Our unsupervised cluster analysis in patients with known CAD undergoing SPECT MPI identified three distinct phenotypic clusters and predicted all-cause mortality better than ischemia alone.
Outcomes of Intramuscular Gluteal Augmentation With Implants Using Tumescent Local Anesthesia
Authors: Trignano Emilio , Tettamanzi Matilde , Liperi Corrado , Beatrici Edoardo , Serra Pietro Luciano , Trignano Claudia , Rubino Corrado 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) describes the practice of injecting a very dilute solution of local anesthetic combined with epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate into the tissue until it becomes firm and tense to obtain local anesthesia and vasoconstriction. The use of TLA in augmentation intramuscular gluteoplasty has never been described for implants positioning. Advantages of the TLA technique include a reduction in blood loss through epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction and hydrostatic compression from the tumescent effect. We describe TLA technique for primary intramuscular gluteal augmentation, reporting our experience during the last 5 years.

Methods
From 2017 to 2021, 20 patients underwent bilateral primary gluteal augmentation under TLA and conscious sedation. The tumescent solution was prepared with 25 mL of 2% lidocaine, 8 mEq of sodium bicarbonate, and 1 mL of epinephrine (1 mg/1 mL) in 1000 mL of 0.9% saline solution. The solution was infiltrated with a cannula inside the gluteus maximus muscle intra-operatively.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 39, 15 years. The average amount of tumescent solution infiltrated was 240 mL per gluteus. Operating time was 1 h and 40 min, and recovery room time averaged 240 min. Major surgery-related complications were found in 15% of patients (2 hematomas and 1 seroma) and minor complications were described in a total of 8 patients (4 wound dehiscence and 1 dystrophic scar formation). No signs of adrenaline nor lidocaine toxicity were reported and conversion to general anesthesia was never required.

Conclusions
The tumescent local anesthesia technique represents a safe and efficacious technique for performing gluteal augmentation surgery with an intramuscular implant positioning. The advantages of this technique are safety, reasonable pain control during and after surgery and a low incidence of postoperative side effects due to general anesthesia avoidance.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A Novel ypTLM Staging System Based on LODDS for Gastric Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy: Multicenter and Large‐Sample Retrospective Study
Authors: Que Si‐Jin , Zhong Qing , Chen Qi‐Yue , Truty Mark J. , Yan Su , Ma Yu‐Bin , Ding Fang‐Hui , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Li Ping , Wang Jia‐Bin , Lin Jian‐Xian , Lu Jun , Cao Long‐Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru‐Hong , Lin Ju‐Li , Zheng Hua‐Long , Huang Chang‐Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of the eighth AJCC ypTNM staging system on the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is controversial. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel staging system using the log odds of positive lymph nodes scheme (LODDS).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 606 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant therapy was conducted as the development cohort. (Fujian Medical University Affiliated Union Hospital (n = 183), Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital (n = 169), Mayo Clinic (n = 236), Lanzhou University First Hospital (n = 18)). The validation cohort came from the SEER database (n = 1701). A novel ypTLoddsS (ypTLM) staging system was established using the 3‐year overall survival. The predictive performance of two systems was compared.
ResultsTwo‐step multivariate Cox regression analysis in both cohorts showed that ypTLM was an independent predictor of overall survival of GC patients after neoadjuvant therapy (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.30–1.88, p < 0.001). In the development cohort, ypTLM had better discrimination ability than ypTNM (C‐index: 0.663 vs 0.633, p < 0.001), better prediction homogeneity (LR: 97.7 vs. 70.9), and better prediction accuracy (BIC: 3067.01 vs 3093.82; NRI: 0.36). In the validation cohort, ypTLM had a better prognostic predictive ability (C‐index: 0.614 vs 0.588, p < 0.001; LR: 11,909.05 vs. 11,975.75; BIC: 13,263.71 vs 13,328.24; NRI: 0.22). The time‐dependent ROC curve shows that the predictive performance of ypTLM is better than ypTNM, and the analysis of the decision curve shows that ypTLM achieved better net benefits.
ConclusionA LODDS‐based ypTLM staging system based on multicenter data was established and validated. The predictive performance was superior to the eighth AJCC ypTNM staging system.
Prognostic impact of fractional flow reserve measurements in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a subanalysis of the FLORIDA study
Authors: Gerhardt Teresa , Stähli Barbara E. , Rudolph Tanja K. , Lutz Matthias , Schatz Anne-Sophie , Zanders Lukas , Schubert Tino , Stueve Magnus , West Nick E. J. , Boone Els , Landmesser Ulf , Leistner David M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRandomized trials suggest benefits for fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided vs. angiography-guided treatment strategies in well-defined and selected patient cohorts with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The long-term prognostic value of FFR measurement in unselected all-comer ACS patients, however, remains unknown. This subanalysis of the Fractional FLOw Reserve In cardiovascular DiseAses (FLORIDA) study sought to investigate the long-term effects of FFR in the management of lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). FLORIDA was an observational all-comer cohort study performed in Germany, that was population-based and unselected. Patients enrolled into the anonymized InGef Research Database presenting with ACS and undergoing coronary angiography between January 2014 and December 2015 were included in the analysis. Patients were stratified into either the FFR-guided or the angiography-guided treatment arm, based on the treatment received. A matched cohort study design was used. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and repeat revascularization. Follow-up time was 3 years. Rates of 3-year mortality were 10.2 and 14.0% in the FFR-guided and the angiography-guided treatment arms (p = 0.04), corresponding to a 27% relative risk reduction for FFR in ACS patients. Rates of MACE were similar in both arms (47.7 vs. 51.5%, p = 0.14), including similar rates of non-fatal MI (27.7 vs. 25.4%, p = 0.47) and revascularization (9.9 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.17). In this large, all-comer observational study of ACS patients, FFR-guided revascularization was associated with a lower mortality at 3 years. This finding encourages the routine use of FFR to guide lesion revascularization in patients presenting with ACS.
New Year's Eve in otorhinolaryngology: a 16-year retrospective evaluation
Authors: Werz Julia , Greve Jens , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Hahn Janina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pyrotechnics are a long-standing tradition at the turn of the year. There are little data available on New Year's Eve-associated ORL injuries. Due to restrictions during the Corona pandemic, the handling of fireworks and meetings on New Year's Eve 2020–2022 had been significantly changed. Our aim was to analyze first data about New Year's Eve-associated ORL injuries.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 16 turns of the year (2006–2022) at a University ORL department was performed. The 2 recent years were influenced by the changes and restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Of 343 emergency presentations, 69 presented with New Year's Eve-associated reasons (20%). 72% were male, 15.9% were underage. 74% presented for fireworks-related injuries, 19% due to violent altercations. Noise trauma was present in 71%. The average number of New Year's Eve-associated emergency patients per year and the average total number of patients were reduced by more than half under COVID-19 pandemic conditions.

Conclusions
New Year's Eve-associated ORL injuries range from inner ear trauma to midface fractures. Long-term damage may include hearing loss and tinnitus. These results shall support the responsible use of fireworks even after the end of the special regulations of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Origin of the Paleoproterozoic basaltic dikes from the central and eastern Dharwar Craton and sills and volcanics from the adjoining Cuddapah Basin, southern India
Authors: Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReverse fractionation modeling considering energy-constrained assimilation-fractional crystallization is performed to estimate primary magma compositions, degree of crustal contamination, pressure–temperature of equilibrium with mantle, and potential temperatures for the origin of the Paleoproterozoic (~ 2.37–1.88 Ga) basaltic dikes in central and eastern Dharwar Craton and sills and volcanics in the adjoining Cuddapah Basin, southern India. Mineral thermobarometry indicates that the dikes crystallized at upper crustal conditions (~ 1–6 kbar/ ~ 1120–1210 °C). Hence, the reverse fractionation calculations are performed at low pressures by adding olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene, olivine + plagioclase and only olivine in equilibrium with melt, and simultaneously subtracting an upper crustal partial melt in small steps until the melt is multiply saturated with lherzolite at a high pressure. The results indicate that the basalts are 5–30% contaminated, and their enriched light rare earth element (REE) patterns can be attributed to upper crustal assimilation. The upper crust was pre-heated to 665–808 °C during dike emplacement. The primary magmas of all basalts were last equilibrated with spinel lherzolite at 10–16.5 kbar/1291–1366 °C, and they resemble pooled polybaric incremental melts generated along a ~ 1450 °C adiabat. The estimated mantle potential temperatures (1293–1515 °C) are similar to Paleoproterozoic ambient mantle temperatures. All basalts and their primary magmas show lower chondrite-normalized DyN/YbNratios than the plume-derived mid-Proterozoic Mackenzie dikes of Canadian Shield, and the primary magmas show flat REE patterns indicating spinel lherzolite melting. The low estimated potential temperatures, low DyN/YbNratios, and a spinel-bearing mantle source are at odds with an origin of the basalts from mantle plumes.