bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling College Students' Acceptance to Use Generative Artificial Intelligence for Second Language Learning: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective
Authors: Ma Yuxia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe benefits of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in enhancing second language (L2) learning are well established. However, these advantages can only be realised if learners are willing to adopt the technology. This study, grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), investigated the factors influencing the behavioural intention to use GenAI among 337 Chinese college L2 learners using five validated scales. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach with Amos 24 yielded several key findings. Notably, demographic factors encompassing gender and age did not significantly affect the TPB components. Subjective norm and attitude were found to have a positive and significant impact on behavioural intention, while perceived behavioural control did not demonstrate a significant effect. Furthermore, GenAI literacy emerged as a significant predictor of behavioural intention, both directly and indirectly through its influence on attitude. Collectively, these variables accounted for 51.6% of the variance in behavioural intention. The study also discusses the theoretical and pedagogical implications and offers suggestions for future research.
Prevalence and Associations of Xerostomia in Older Adults in Southern Brazil
Authors: Mascarenhas Miguel Konradt , Cademartori Mariana G. , Borges Rafaela do Carmo , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Bielemann Renata M. , Thomson William Murray , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence and associations of xerostomia in older adults in southern Brazil.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, Brazil, during 2014. A representative sample of the city's older adult population (60+) was selected. The dependent variable was self‐reported feeling of dry mouth in the past 6 months. Covariates included socio‐economic status, schooling, gender, age, tobacco and alcohol consumption, polypharmacy, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, depression, dentition status and use of removable dental prostheses. Descriptive analysis was carried out, and Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Analyses used STATA 15.1.ResultsMost of the 1451 participants were female (63.3%). The prevalence of xerostomia was 36.7% (95% CI 34.3–39.1). Adjusted analysis showed that xerostomia was significantly more common among females (PR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22–1.74), those with less schooling (PR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10–1.51), those exposed to polypharmacy (PR 1.22, 95% CI 1.05–1.37), people with arthritis (PR 1.42, 95% CI 1.23–1.61) and those with depression symptoms (PR 1.45, 95% CI 1.23–1.70).ConclusionXerostomia is common among older adults. Health workers need to pay attention to its associated factors for early identification and promotion of appropriate interventions, particularly the rational use of medicines.
Occurrence of sleep disorders and the value of body mass index of seniors and the quality of their aging
Authors: Dąbek Józefa , Szynal Magdalena , Sierka Oskar 
Published: January 2025

AimThe aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of sleep disorders and the value of body mass index in seniors, taking into account their quality of aging and participation in classes at Universities of the Third Age (UTAs).MethodsThe study involved 631 (100%) seniors from the Silesian Voivodeship, aged 60 to 96 years (𝑥̅ = 70.28 ± 6.09 years). An original survey questionnaire was used, supplemented by the Successful Aging Scale and the Athens Insomnia Scale questionnaires.ResultsThe median of successful aging index (SAI) points obtained by UTAs “+” seniors was 11.71, while the median of SAI points obtained by UTAs “−” seniors was 11.18. Sleep disorders were more common in women than in men as well as among people aged 71–80 years compared to other groups. There were statistically significant weak negative correlations between the points obtained in Successful Aging Scale questionaire domains and the number of points in the Athens Insomnia Scale as well as body mass index value.ConclusionsThe occurrence of sleep disorders and abnormally increased body weight were associated with a deterioration in the quality of aging in the studied seniors. Seniors participating in UTAs activities had a better quality of aging than people who denied participating in the mentioned activity. Actions should be constantly taken to improve the quality of the aging process of seniors, including providing them with access to contacts with other people, treating sleep disorders and educating them on the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and maintaining a proper body weight. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 206–212.
Comparative Analysis of Dental Treatment for Children With and Without Special Healthcare Needs at Academic Dental Hospitals in South Africa
Authors: Njoroge Nancy , Hlongwa Phumzile , Magan Ansuyah 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) experience higher unmet dental treatment needs than their healthy peers (NSHCN).AimWe compared dental treatment received by CSHCN and NSHCN at academic dental hospitals in South Africa (SA).DesignClinical records of 1‐16‐year‐old children who had dental treatment under general anaesthetic (GA) between 2017 and 2023 were reviewed. Descriptive analyses were performed, and the Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test used to analyse the categorical variables.ResultsFour hundred records (CSHCN: 116 [29%] and NSHCN: 284 [71%]) were analysed. The median age at assessment was 5 years (IQR: 3–6.5). CSHCN were older than NSHCN, (p < 0.001). More CSHCN (52.6%) than NSHCN (25.4%) were referred from primary health centres, (p < 0.001). Caries was the main dental diagnosis. Multiple extractions were done in 54.7% of CSHCN < 6 years and 52.8% of 6‐11‐year‐old NSHCN. Restorative treatment was performed in 26.1% of 6–11‐year‐old CSHCN and 27.2% of NSHCN < 6 years.ConclusionsMost of the CSHCN and NSHCN who needed GA were young with extensive caries. Treatment provided to both groups was primarily extractions, perhaps due to late presentation and limited resources. Timely preventative strategies for children at risk of caries could enhance oral health and reduce the burden of GA in SA.
A comparative developmental study of the avian syrinx: Insights into the homology of the sound‐producing muscles in birds
Authors: Nojiri Taro , Tobari Yasuko , Furutera Toshiko , Ichimura Koichiro , Takechi Masaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe anatomical innovation of sound‐producing organs, which gives rise to a wide variety of sound signals, is one of the most fundamental factors leading to the explosive speciation of modern birds. Despite being a key clue to resolving the homology of sound‐controlling muscles among birds, only few studies have explored the embryonic development of syringeal muscles. Using serial histological sections and immunohistochemistry, we described the three‐dimensional anatomy and development of the cartilage, muscle, and innervation pattern of the tracheobronchi in three avian species: domestic fowls, cockatiels, and zebra finches. Crucially, the muscle primordia of the syringeal and tracheobronchial muscles develop from the caudal end of the lateral tracheal muscle in cockatiels and zebra finches. Furthermore, the tracheobronchial and syringeal muscle primordia of the zebra finches are subsequently split during embryonic development. Based on our findings on the identity of muscle primordia development and innervation pattern of the hypoglossal nerve between the cockatiels and zebra finches, we suggest that the muscle component traditionally documented as the superficial syringeal muscle in parrots is homologous to the tracheobronchial and ventral syringeal muscles of the zebra finches. These facts not only orchestrate the terminological discrepancies among previous studies, but also suggest that the syringeal muscles were acquired by the anatomical innovation of the lateral tracheal muscles in the common ancestor of the parrots and passerines, and further compartmentalized in the passerines, perhaps leading to a wide song repertoire for acoustic communication.
Chitin Analysis in Insect‐Based Feed Ingredients and Mixed Feed: Development of a Cost‐Effective and Practical Method
Authors: Sudwischer Patrick , Krüger Björn , Sitzmann Werner , Hellwig Michael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInsects are used as an alternative sustainable, protein‐rich ingredient in fish, pet, pig and poultry diets. The significant difference between insect meals and common protein sources is the content of chitin. The nitrogen contained in chitin, which makes up 6.89% of the chitin mass, is detected as crude protein in the analysis and, therefore, deludes the crude protein content in a higher range. In this work, we developed a chitin analysis method that does not require expensive and specialized equipment within insect production and processing industries. The method is based on classical chemical methods such as crude fibre and nitrogen content, making it easily implementable within existing feed analysis. In the process of method validation, a recovery rate of over 95% for chitin in the presence of protein and a standard deviation of < 5% at concentrations as low as 2% was determined. Furthermore, determining chitin at a higher standard deviation of > 10% at concentrations as low as 2% is possible. The method was used to determine the chitin content in various products derived from insect breeding and processing. The chitin content was determined in four insect species (Hermetia Illucens; Tenebrio molitor; Acheta domesticus; Bombyx mori) and different developmental stages of the yellow mealworm (T. molitor), including larvae, pupae and beetles, as well as in commercial pet food. These results also allow for an estimation of the insect protein content, provided that the raw material is known.
Degradation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: A Mechanism Underlying Cynodon dactylon Invasion in Grasslands?
Authors: García Silvina , Pezzani Fabiana , Guido Anaclara , Lattanzi Fernando A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTQuestionsDegradation of facilitative interactions of native species can play an important role in the establishment and expansion of invasive plants in communities. We evaluated the relationship between the level of invasion of Cynodon dactylon and the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of the native Paspalum notatum in Uruguayan grasslands, which were either extensively managed (natural vegetation [NG]) or oversown with exotic legumes and fertilized with phosphorus (NG + LP). Specifically, we investigated whether increasing invasion levels were associated with reductions in P. notatum mycorrhizal colonization, growth, and nutrient content.LocationUruguayan grasslands of Río de la Plata grasslands region.MethodsTwo paddocks with 19 and 27 years under NG + LP management were selected contiguous to two paddocks with NG management. In each paddock, we collected nine monoliths (0.2 m diameter × 0.3 m depth) that had P. notatum and increasing percentages of C. dactylon cover, classified as low (0%–10%), medium (30%–50%), or high (70%–90%) invasion levels. After 10 months of uninterrupted growth, shoot mass, phosphorus and nitrogen shoot concentration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were assessed in P. notatum plants.ResultsMycorrhization decreased with increasing C. dactylon invasion. This was greater in more intensively managed grasslands (NG + LP). However, lower arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was not associated with either lower aboveground growth or phosphorus or nitrogen shoot concentration. Furthermore, at low invasion levels, mycorrhizal colonization was similar between NG and NG + LP, despite their contrasting soil P availability.ConclusionsThe presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the target native grass P. notatum was negatively associated with the invasion level of C. dactylon. Therefore, mutualism degradation might be a mechanism underlying the success of C. dactylon invading grasslands, particularly those intensively managed, albeit probably not via phosphorus nutritional effects.
The repeatability of macular and peripapillary vessel density in participants with different severities of glaucoma
Authors: Hsia Yun , Wang Tsing‐Hong , Huang Jehn‐Yu , Su Chien‐Chia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in participants with different severities of glaucoma.MethodsSubjects with open‐angle glaucoma were enrolled prospectively and categorised into mild (mean deviation [MD] of 24–2 visual field test ≥ −6 dB), moderate to advanced (−6 > MD ≥ −20 dB) and severe glaucoma groups (MD < −20 dB). OCTA was performed three times within a single visit to obtain superficial and deep macular vessel density (VD) and peripapillary vessel and capillary density. The association between the coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of these OCTA parameters and glaucoma severity (MD, the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer and the ganglion cell complex) was analysed, along with factors associated with the CoV of OCTA parameters.ResultsA total of 57 mild, 92 moderate to advanced and 39 severe glaucomatous eyes were included. CoV for superficial (p < 0.001) and deep macular VD (p < 0.001) and peripapillary VD (p = 0.004) increased with glaucoma severity. Greater CoV for superficial and deep macular VD and peripapillary VD was associated with worse MD and scan quality index in multivariable analysis. The association between a higher CoV of superficial and deep macular VD and worse MD was only noticeable in participants with a scan quality index <7. The relationship between the CoV of peripapillary VD and MD was consistent across varying image qualities.ConclusionThe intrasession variability of OCTA parameters was greater in glaucoma participants with advanced disease, especially in those with suboptimal scan quality.
Oral Injuries Associated With Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Boffano Paolo , Agnone Anna Maria , Brucoli Matteo , Rocchetti Vincenzo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of the present article is to present and discuss the diagnosis and management of a patient who accidentally reported an oral injury due to sodium hydroxide.Material and MethodsAn 83‐year‐old female patient was referred to the emergency department with lip, oral and tongue lesions. The patient was confused and her recent medical history was unclear: she reported having the intention to drink some sodium hydroxide in order to improve her digestion, but after keeping it in her mouth for some seconds, she described an immediate burning sensation in her mouth and said she had spat it out without swallowing. She arrived at the emergency room 3 h after this episode.ResultsPhysical examination showed erythema and swelling of the lips, and a diffuse erythema with ulcerations in the oral cavity. Abdominal examination was normal, without pain during palpation. The absence of laryngeal, oesophageal, or gastric injuries was confirmed by a gastrointestinal endoscopy and a nasofibroscopy. Then, the patient was administered intravenous antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor, in addition to hydration with saline solution, and she was kept under medical supervision in the emergency room for 12 h before a possible return to home.ConclusionsIt is important that the dental practitioners are aware of the clinical features of the oral cavity that could be associated with the ingestion of caustic substances. An early management with intravenous treatment and a complete and careful diagnostic work‐up is necessary in such cases.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and neuroimaging‐based brain age in mild cognitive impairment and early dementia: A multicenter study
Authors: Sone Daichi , Beheshti Iman , Tagai Kenji , Kameyama Hiroshi , Takasaki Emi , Kashibayashi Tetsuo , Takahashi Ryuichi , Ishii Kazunari , Kanemoto Hideki , Ikeda Manabu , Shigeta Masahiro , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Kazui Hiroaki 
Published: January 2025

AimDespite the clinical importance and significant social burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, the underlying neurobiological mechanism remains poorly understood. Recently, neuroimaging‐derived brain‐age estimation by machine‐learning analysis has shown promise as an individual‐level biomarker. We investigated the relationship between NPS and brain‐age in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, clinical data, including neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and structural brain MRI of 499 individuals with clinical diagnoses of amnestic MCI (n = 185), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 258) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (n = 56) were analyzed. We established a brain‐age prediction model using 694 healthy brain MRIs and a support vector regression model and applied it to the participants' data. Finally, the brain‐predicted age difference (brain‐PAD: predicted age minus chronological age) was calculated.ResultsAll groups showed significantly increased brain‐PAD, and the median (IQR) brain‐PAD was 4.3 (5.4) years in MCI, 6.3 (6.2) years in AD, and 5.0 (6.5) years in DLB. The NPI scores were subdivided into the following four categories: (i) Agitation and Irritability, (ii) Depression and Apathy, (iii) Delusions and Hallucinations, and (iv) Euphoria and Disinhibition. We found a significantly positive correlation between brain‐PAD and the depression/apathy factor (Spearman's rs = 0.156, FDR‐corrected P = 0.002), whereas no significance was shown for the other NPS factors.ConclusionHigher brain‐age may be associated with depression and apathy symptoms presented in MCI to early dementia stages, and brain‐age analysis may be useful as a novel biomarker for the assessment or monitoring of NPS.
Effect of Climate Change and Health Course on Global Warming Knowledge and Attitudes, Environmental Literacy, and Eco‐Anxiety Level of Nursing Students: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Çolak Merve , Dogan Rıdvan , Dogan Selma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundClimate change is the most important problem that threatens the health of individuals, public health, and health systems on a global scale. The International Council of Nurses emphasizes that nurses should strive to reduce the effects of climate change and help individuals and systems adapt. In addition, it is stated that climate change should be integrated into nursing education curricula and nursing students, who are future healthcare providers, should be prepared to reduce the effects of climate change and promote a healthier environment.AimThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of the Climate Change and Health course on global warming knowledge and attitude, environmental literacy, and eco‐anxiety levels in nursing students.Design and MethodsIn this study, a pretest–posttest comparative quasi‐experimental design type was used. The research was conducted with 117 students taking the “Climate Change and Health” course added to the curriculum at the Nursing Department of a private university in Istanbul between February 2023 and June 2023. Data were collected before and after the intervention using the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Global Warming Knowledge Questionnaire, Global Warming Attitude Scale, Environmental Literacy Scale for Adults, and Eco‐Anxiety Scale.ResultsAfter taking the Climate Change and Health course, nursing students' global warming knowledge and attitude total scores increased, and a statistically significant increase was detected in the eco anxiety total and behavioral symptoms subscale mean scores. There was no statistically significant change in the Environmental Literacy Scale total and subscale mean scores.ConclusionsIt can be stated that the Climate Change and Health course positively improved nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward global warming and increased their sensitivity about climate change. Nurses, who constitute the most important part of the healthcare workforce worldwide, have an important role in creating a healthy and safe environment and in combating the effects of global warming and climate change. For this reason, in order to train knowledgeable and equipped health professionals on this subject, it is recommended that courses on the effects of climate change, adaptation, and coping with it be added to the nursing curriculum and integrated into all subjects every year to ensure continuity.
Associations between blood donors, component modifications, and the alloimmunization of transfusion recipients
Authors: Yu Han , Karafin Matthew S. , Tormey Christopher Anthony , Goel Ruchika , Spencer Bryan Ross , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Hauser Ronald George 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have evaluated transfusion recipient variables impacting red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization, but few focused on potentially modifiable blood donor or blood component variables.Study Design and MethodsData from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS)‐III, which links donor, component, and patient data in an integrated database, were accessed. For any given RBC unit with sufficient blood donor and component data, we determined if the transfusion recipient experienced a new RBC alloimmunization event (“case”) within 16 weeks of the transfusion or not (“control”). Recipient diagnoses were included in the case–control matching algorithm.ResultsA total of 2676 cases were matched with 10,160 controls. In a multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, recipients who received an RBC unit from donors with a different ABO group had a higher risk of alloimmunization (OR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.35–1.89, p < .001). Likewise, recipients who received RBCs from older donors had a higher risk of RBC alloimmunization (OR 1.01 per year of age, 95% CI: 1.00–1.01, p < .001). Irradiated RBCs were associated with a decreased risk of RBC alloimmunization in transfusion recipients (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.46–0.59, p < .001), though a sub‐analysis of RBCs transfused to people with sickle cell disease showed no such association (p = .75). Recipients who received RBCs stored for a longer duration also had a lower risk (OR 0.99 per day of storage, 95% CI: 0.99–0.99, p < .001) of alloimmunization.DiscussionThis case–control study identified donor and component variables associated with recipient RBC alloantibody formation. Future mechanistic studies exploring these associations are warranted.