bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of compassion fatigue on the caring ability of young psychiatric nurses: A dominance analysis and chain mediation model
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Yingli , Li Wanting , Chen Aixue , Sun Zhuocheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which three factors of compassion fatigue affect caring ability in young psychiatric nurses.MethodsWe used the Professional Quality of Life Scale and Caring Ability Inventory to investigate 309 young nurses in three psychiatric hospitals in Heilongjiang. Dominance analysis and chain mediation model were performed to explore the effects of three factors of compassion fatigue on caring ability.Results(1) The three factors of compassion fatigue affected the caring ability of young in the order compassion satisfaction > burnout>secondary traumatic stress by dominance analysis; (2) burnout played a partially mediating effect between compassion satisfaction and caring ability; and (3) secondary traumatic stress and burnout had a chain mediating effect between compassion satisfaction and caring ability.ConclusionsHigher levels of compassion satisfaction had the strongest impact on the caring ability of young psychiatric nurses which could be mediated via burnout and secondary traumatic stress. No patient or public contribution.
Weight loss and modeled cost savings in a digital diabetes prevention program
Authors: Branch OraLee H. , Rikhy Mohit , Auster‐Gussman Lisa A. , Lockwood Kimberly G. , Graham Sarah A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) can improve individual health through reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and save the healthcare system substantial medical costs associated with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. There is less evidence of outcomes and cost savings associated with a fully digital delivery of the DPP.MethodsThis study assessed 13,593 members who provided an initial digital weight and subsequently achieved various weight loss and engagement outcomes during their participation in a digital DPP. Analyzed data included both complete observations and missing observations imputed using maximum likelihood estimation. Findings include members' behavioral correlates of weight loss and a literature‐based cost‐savings estimate associated with achieving three mutually exclusive weight loss or engagement benchmarks: ≥5% weight loss, >2% but <5% weight loss, and completion of ≥4 educational lessons.Results11,976 members (88%) provided a weight after 2 months of participation, enabling calculation of their weight nadir. Considering complete data, 97% of members maintained or lost weight. Using the imputed data for these calculations, 32.0% of members achieved ≥5%, 32.4% achieved >2% but <5%, 32.0% maintained ±2%, and 3.6% gained weight. Members who lost the most weight achieved their weight nadir furthest into the program (mean day = 189, SE = 1.4) and had the longest active engagement (mean days = 268, SE = 1.4), particularly compared to members who gained weight (mean nadir day = 119, SE = 3.7; active engagement mean days = 199, SE = 4.9) (both p ≤ 0.0001). Modeled 1‐year cost‐savings estimates ranged from $11,229,160 to $12,960,875.ConclusionsMembers of a fully digital DPP achieved clinical and engagement outcomes during their participation in the program that confer important health benefits and cost savings.
Novel prognostication biomarker adipophilin reveals a metabolic shift in uveal melanoma and new therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Matareed Maisoon , Maranou Eleftheria , Koskela Saara A , Mehmood Arfa , Kalirai Helen , Coupland Sarah E , Figueiredo Carlos R 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetastatic uveal melanoma remains incurable at present. We previously demonstrated that loss of BAP1 gene expression in tumour cells triggers molecular mechanisms of immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of metastatic uveal melanoma. Adipophilin is a structural protein of lipid droplets involved in fat storage within mammalian cells, and its expression has been identified in uveal melanoma. We comprehensively evaluated adipophilin expression at the RNA (PLIN2) and protein levels of 80 patients of the GDC‐TCGA‐UM study and in a local cohort of 43 primary uveal melanoma samples respectively. PLIN2 expression is a survival prognosticator biomarker in uveal melanoma. Loss of adipophilin expression is significantly associated with monosomy 3 status and nuclear BAP1 losses in uveal melanoma tumours. Integrative transcriptomic and secretome studies show a relationship between transient loss of adipophilin expression and increased levels of tumour‐associated macrophages and hypoxia genes, suggesting PLIN2‐dependent changes in oxygen and lipid metabolism in the TME of low and high‐metastatic risk uveal melanoma. We designed four adipophilin‐based multigene signatures for uveal melanoma prognostication using a transcriptomic and secretome survival‐functional network approach. Adipophilin‐based multigene signatures were validated in BAP1‐positive and BAP1‐negative uveal melanoma cell lines using a next‐generation RNA sequencing approach. We identified existing small molecules, mostly adrenergic, retinoid, and glucocorticoid receptor agonists, MEK, and RAF inhibitors, with the potential to reverse this multigene signature expression in uveal melanoma. Some of these molecules were able to impact tumour cell viability, and carvedilol, an adrenergic receptor antagonist, restored PLIN2 levels, mimicking the expression of normoxia/lipid storage signatures and reversing the expression of hypoxia/lipolysis signatures in co‐cultures of uveal melanoma cells with human macrophages. These findings open up a new research line for understanding the lipid metabolic regulation of immune responses, with implications for therapeutic innovation in uveal melanoma. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Rapid identification of chemical components in vitro and in vivo of Menispermi Rhizoma by integrating UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS with data post‐processing strategy
Authors: Wei Jinxia , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yue , Zheng Yanxue , Shao Jia , Cheng Wenbo , Li Yubo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMenispermi Rhizoma (MR), the dried rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. (Menispermaceae), has been used to treat sore throat, enteritis, dysentery, and rheumatic arthralgia. Despite extensive research on its pharmacological effects, the chemical components in vitro and in vivo have not been thoroughly studied.ObjectiveTo establish an efficient method for rapid classification and identification of alkaloids in MR and its preparations, as well as metabolites in vivo after oral administration of MR.MethodsRapid identification of alkaloids and absorbed components of MR was performed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) coupled with UNIFI software. Moreover, the characteristic fragmentations and neutral losses of different types of alkaloids in MR were summarised to realise the rapid classification of alkaloids.ResultsA total of 55 components were unambiguously or tentatively identified in MR. Among them, 37 and 31 components were found in MR capsules and tablets, respectively. Meanwhile, 109 compounds were tentatively identified in rat plasma, urine and faeces, including 55 prototypes and 54 metabolites. Hydrogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, glucuronic acid and sulphate conjugations were the dominating metabolic fates of alkaloids.ConclusionThe data post‐processing strategy established could greatly enhance the structural identification efficiency. The results obtained might lay the foundation for further interpretation of clinical effects, mechanism of action and quality control of MR.
Multiplex measurement of protein–peptide dissociation constants using dialysis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Yu , Grigoryan Gevorg 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose a high‐throughput method for quantitatively measuring hundreds of protein–peptide binding affinities in parallel. In this assay, a solution of protein is dialyzed into a buffer containing a pool of potential binding peptides, such that upon equilibration the relative abundance of a peptide species is mathematically related to that peptide's dissociation constant, Kd. We use isobaric multiplexed quantitative proteomics to simultaneously determine the relative abundance, and hence the Kd and its associated error, for an entire peptide library. We apply this technique, which we call PEDAL (parallel equilibrium dialysis for affinity learning), to determine accurate Kd's between a PDZ domain and hundreds of peptides, spanning an affinity range of multiple orders of magnitude in a single experiment. PEDAL is a convenient, fast, and low‐cost method for measuring large numbers of protein–peptide affinities in parallel, providing a rare combination of true in‐solution binding equilibria with the ability to multiplex.
Factors impacting on sexual function among men on active surveillance for prostate cancer
Authors: Tiruye Tenaw , O'Callaghan Michael , Ettridge Kerry , Jay Alex , Santoro Kerry , Moretti Kim , Beckmann Kerri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundActive surveillance (AS) aims to reduce overtreatment and minimize the negative side effects of radical therapies (i.e., prostatectomy or radiotherapy) while preserving quality of life. However, a substantial proportion of men can experience a decline in sexual function during AS follow‐up. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of declining sexual function among men on AS.MethodsMen enrolled from 2008 to 2018 in the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry—a prospective clinical registry—were studied. Sexual function outcomes were measured using expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC‐26) at baseline and 12‐months postdiagnosis. Multivariable regression models adjusted for baseline score and other sociodemographic and clinical factors were applied to identify predictors of sexual function score at 12‐months.ResultsA total of 554 men were included. Variables that showed significant association with decline in sexual function score at 12‐months were: having two or more biopsies after diagnosis (mean change score (MCS): –16.3, p < 0.001) compared with no biopsy, higher number of positive biopsy cores (MCS: –1.6, p = 0.004), being in older age category (above 70 vs. below 60: MCS: –16.7, p < 0.001; 65−70 vs. below 60: MCS: –9.7, p = 0.024), having had depression (MCS: –9.0, p = 0.020), and impaired physical function (MCS: –10.0, p = 0.031). Greater socioeconomic advantage (highest vs. lowest quintile: MCS: 15.7, p = 0.022) and year of diagnosis (MCS: 2.6 for every year, p < 0.001) were positively associated with 12‐months sexual function score. Neither biopsy type, biopsy timing nor PSA velocity were associated with declines in sexual function.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that multiple factors affected sexual function during AS. Interventions toward reducing the number of biopsies through less invasive monitory approaches, screening for physical and mental well‐being, and targeted emotional support and counseling services may be helpful for men on AS.
A case of Rasmussen's aneurysm caused by pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterium
Authors: Plantilla Maya , Nozu Shohei , Nakanishi Norihiko , Ishimaru Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2023

Key messageRasmussen's aneurysm was originally described as a rare cause of hemoptysis in tuberculosis. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery wall is caused by tuberculosis inflammation. Recently, the incidence of non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease has increased; it now exceeds that of tuberculosis. We report a Rasmussen's aneurysm due to NTM.
Ultrastretchable MXene Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Wang Menglu , Feng Shuxuan , Bai Chong , Ji Kang , Zhang Jiaxue , Wang Shaolei , Lu Yanqing , Kong Desheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStretchable microsupercapacitors represent emerging miniaturized energy‐storage devices for next‐generation deformable electronics. Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides (MXenes) are considered attractive electrode materials due to their metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surfaces, and excellent processability. Here, an ultrastretchable microsupercapacitor of interdigitated MXene microelectrodes with crumpled surface textures is created. The microsupercapacitor shows a series of attractive properties including a high specific capacitance of ≈185 mF cm−2, ultrahigh stretchability up to 800% area strain, and ≈89.7% retention of the initial capacitance after 1000 stretch–relaxation cycles. In addition to static strains, the microsupercapacitor demonstrates robust mechanical properties to retain stable charging–discharging capability under dynamic stretching at different strain rates. A self‐powering circuit system utilizes four microsupercapacitor packs to power a light‐emitting diode (LED) array, which exhibits stable operations under large tensile strain and skin‐attached wearable settings. The developments offer a generic design strategy to enhance the deformability of microsupercapacitors based on 2D nanomaterials.
Organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies for biomedical research and drug development: A focus on the vasculature
Authors: Soto Veliz Diosangeles , Lin Kai‐Lan , Sahlgren Cecilia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCurrent biomedical models fail to replicate the complexity of human biology. Consequently, almost 90% of drug candidates fail during clinical trials after decades of research and billions of investments in drug development. Despite their physiological similarities, animal models often misrepresent human responses, and instead, trigger ethical and societal debates regarding their use. The overall aim across regulatory entities worldwide is to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animal experimentation, a concept known as the Three Rs principle. In response, researchers develop experimental alternatives to improve the biological relevance of in vitro models through interdisciplinary approaches. This article highlights the emerging organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies, also known as microphysiological systems, with a focus on models of the vasculature. The cardiovascular system transports all necessary substances, including drugs, throughout the body while in charge of thermal regulation and communication between other organ systems. In addition, we discuss the benefits, limitations, and challenges in the widespread use of new biomedical models. Coupled with patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells, organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies are the future of drug discovery, development, and personalized medicine.
Mathematical modeling for experimental data to investigate the convective heat transfer in non‐Newtonian nanofluid's flow over a thin needle
Authors: Hassan Mohsan , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe flow of homogeneous non‐Newtonian nanofluid over a horizontal moving thin needle is studied through experimental data‐based mathematical approach. Experimental data is collected for nanofluids which are prepared by spreading the SiO2, MgO, and TiO2 nanoparticles with correspondingly diameters (20–30 nm, 60–70 nm), (20, 40 nm), and (30, 50 nm) at volume fractions (5%–20%) in ethylene glycol (EG). The rheological power‐law model of viscosity is employed on the current experimental data to govern the co‐relation expression and is further used in heat and mass flow equations. The problem is reduced to ordinary differential equations by employing similarity conversion and then numerically solved. The influence of various volume fractions and diameter of nanoparticles on the distribution of velocity and temperature are discussed through the graphical results. Moreover, velocity and thermal boundary layer thicknesses, momentum and displacement thickness, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are also studied in detail and displayed graphically. The results indicate that enhancing nanoparticle volume fraction causes the decline in velocity profile and rise in temperature profiles. On the contrary, the velocity is amplified and temperature is reduced with enhancing the diameter of the nanoparticle. Newtonian model for nanofluid is not valid in all cases. So, a non‐Newtonian model is applied for nanofluid flow that follows the experimental behavior in the current study. This experimental based model has not investigated before.
Optical Manipulation and Recording of Neural Activity with Wavefront Engineering
Authors: Sims Ruth R. , Bendifallah Imane , Blanchard Kris , Tanese Dimitrii , Emiliani Valentina , Papagiakoumou Eirini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the central goals of neuroscience is to decipher the specific contributions of neural mechanisms to different aspects of sensory perception. Since achieving this goal requires tools capable of precisely perturbing and monitoring neural activity across a multitude of spatiotemporal scales, this aim has inspired the innovation of many optical technologies capable of manipulating and recording neural activity in a minimally invasive manner. The interdisciplinary nature of neurophotonics requires a broad knowledge base in order to successfully develop and apply these technologies, and one of the principal aims of this chapter is to provide some basic but fundamental background information in terms of both physiology and optics in the context of all-optical two-photon neurophysiology experiments. Most of this information is expected to be familiar to readers experienced in either domain, but is presented here with the aim of bridging the divide between disciplines in order to enable physicists and engineers to develop useful optical technologies or for neuroscientists to select appropriate tools and apply them to their maximum potential.The first section of this chapter is dedicated to a brief overview of some basic principles of neural physiology relevant for controlling and recording neuronal activity using light. Then, the selection of appropriate actuators and sensors for manipulating and monitoring particular neural signals is discussed, with particular attention paid to kinetics and sensitivity. Some considerations for minimizing crosstalk in optical neurophysiology experiments are also introduced. Next, an overview of the state-of-the-art optical technologies is provided, including a description of suitable laser sources for two-photon excitation according to particular experimental requirements. Finally, some detailed, technical, information regarding the specific wavefront engineering approaches known as Generalized Phase Contrast (GPC) and temporal focusing is provided.
Spectrally Focused Stimulated Raman Scattering (sf-SRS) Microscopy for Label-Free Investigations of Molecular Mechanisms in Living Organisms
Authors: Váczi Tamás , Himics László , Bruzzone Matteo , Veres Miklós , dal Maschio Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy is a light-based non-linear imaging method for visualizing a molecule based on its chemical properties, i.e., the vibrational energy states reflecting the molecule’s structure and its environment. This technique, relying on the specificity of the molecule’s spectral fingerprint, enables label-free, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution 3D reconstruction of the distribution and the properties of a molecule within a tissue. Despite its tremendous potentials, the application of SRS is still not frequent in the field of life science, where it could be applied over an extremely broad investigation range, from the study of the molecular interactions at subcellular level to the characterization of tissue alterations in clinical studies. Trying to fill this gap, here, after describing the general principles of SRS, we present the materials and the methods to integrate spectrally focused Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (sf-SRS) on commercial multiphoton microscopes and highlight the critical aspects to consider.
Light-Based Neuronal Circuit Probing in Living Brains at High Resolution: Constraints and Layouts for Integrating Neuronal Activity Recording and Modulation in Three Dimensions
Authors: Bruzzone Matteo , Chiarello Enrico , Maset Andrea , Megighian Aram , Lodovichi Claudia , dal Maschio Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how the brain orchestrates neuronal activity to finely produce and regulate behavior is an intriguing yet challenging task. In the last years, the progressive refinement of optical techniques and light-based molecular tools allowed to start addressing open questions in cellular and systems neuroscience with unprecedented resolution and specificity. Currently, all-optical experimental protocols for simultaneous recording of the activity of large cell populations with the concurrent modulation of the firing rate at cellular resolution represent an invaluable tool. In this scenario, it is becoming everyday more evident the importance of sampling and probing the circuit mechanisms not just in a single plane, but extending the exploration to the entire volume containing the involved circuit components. Here, we focus on the design principles and the hardware architectures of all-optical approaches allowing for studying the neuronal dynamics at cellular resolution across a volume of the brain.
Introduction
Authors: Hamborg Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter motivates and summarizes my research to reveal bias in news articles. Section 1.1 highlights the issues caused by slanted news coverage. The importance of these issues cannot be overestimated as systematically biased coverage has already exerted influence on societal decisions, such as in democratic elections. Section 1.2 then briefly summarizes the research gap regarding the identification and communication of media bias. I take the issues caused by bias and the research gap in revealing bias as a motivation to define my research question and derive respective research tasks in Sect. 1.3. Lastly, Sect. 1.4 summarizes the contributions of this thesis and gives an overview of its structure and the integrated publications.
Target Concept Analysis
Authors: Hamborg Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter details the first component of person-oriented framing analysis: target concept analysis. This component aims to find and resolve mentions of persons, which can be subject to media bias. The chapter introduces and discusses two approaches for this task. First, the chapter introduces an approach for event extraction. The approach extracts answers to the journalistic 5W1H questions, i.e., who did what, when, where, why, and how. The in-text answers to these questions describe a news article’s main event. Afterward, the chapter introduces an approach that is the first to resolve highly context-dependent coreferences across news articles as they commonly occur in the presence of sentence-level bias forms. Our approach can resolve mentions that are coreferential also only in coverage on the same event and that otherwise may even be contradictory, such as “attack” or “self-defense” and “riot” or “protest.” Lastly, the chapter argues for using the latter approach for the target concept analysis component, in particular because of its high classification performance. Another reason for our decision is that using the event extraction approach in the target concept analysis component would require the development of a subsequent approach, i.e., to compare the events extracted from individual articles and resolve them across all articles.