bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated From Industrial and Clinical Samples in Iraq
Authors: Al-Brefkani Azad Mohammed Taher 
Published: February 2023

Multi-drug resistance in Listeria monocytogenes is considered a major public health problem associated with foodborne outbreaks and causes high hospitalization and mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistant genes among Listeria monocytogenes isolated from meat and clinical samples. Phenotypically, the isolates were tested for their susceptibility against the 12 most commonly used antimicrobials in veterinary and human therapy via the disc diffusion method, while conventional PCR was performed to study the presence or absence of 14 resistance genes predicted in L. monocytogenes isolates. The study established that 30(66.66%) of L. monocytogenes isolates showed phenotypic multi-drug resistance against at least three antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, high resistance frequencies were reported among commonly used antibiotics for listeriosis therapy. The present study revealed that the investigated isolates show resistance against tetracycline 33(73.3%), ampicillin 29(64.4%), penicillin 28(62.2%), erythromycin 26(57.8%), and gentamycin, clindamycin and vancomycin 24(53.3% each). Of the 45 L. monocytogenes isolates studied, 37(82.2%) were phenotypically susceptible to meropenem, followed by ciprofloxacin 36(80.0%) and SXT 30(66.7%). PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes established the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in all studied L. monocytogenes isolates. Notably, 41(91.11%) of these isolates exhibited more than five resistance genes. Surprisingly, penA and ampC were detected in all L. monocytogenes strains 45(100%), followed by ermB 44(97.8%), tetA 38(84.4%), tetG 32(71.1%), and vanB 30(66.7%). Moreover, vanA 22(48.9%) and tetB 18(40.0%) were detected less frequently. The lowest incidences of resistance genes were observed in L. monocytogenes carrying tetD 4(8.9%) and cmlA 6(13.3%). In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the majority of L. monocytogenes from human and meat samples displayed a high index of resistance to a variety of agents used for clinical listeriosis treatment adding further burden to the existing global antibiotic resistance problem.
Emotional Labor in the Service Sector: The Role of Organizational Commitment
Authors: Uysal Hasan Tezcan , Yılmaz Fatma 
Published: February 2023

This research examines the Organizational Commitment (OC) levels and emotional labor (levels) (EL) of employees in the service sector and to determine whether there is a significant relationship between these variables, to identify which dimensions of OC affect which dimensions of EL if there is a significant relationship, and to determine whether EL varies statistically according to demographic factors. For this purpose; a survey has been carried out in Zonguldak province in Türkiye and the data were obtained by a face-to-face survey method of 433 workers actively working in the service sector. These data have been tested with reliability, correlation, simple linear regression, multiple variance analysis, independent sample T-test and one-way variance analysis. Because of the reliability analysis carried out, it has been determined that the scales used in the research have high internal consistency. The correlation analysis indicates a moderate and positive relationship between the normative and emotional commitment dimensions of EL and OC. Because of simple linear regression analyses; it has been determined that the 1-unit increase in emotional commitment caused an increase of 0.693 units on EL and a 1-unit increase in normative commitment caused an increase of 0.959 units on EL.
TRAFFIC SIGNS CONSPICUITY IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: A CASE OF LONDON
Authors: Sunjoto Margareth 
Published: February 2023

The conspicuity of traf ic signs is crucial, as their purpose is to give drivers with direction and information. The ef ectiveness and ef iciency of a traf ic sign is determined by its visibility, legibility, and veracity of information for observers. This study recruited primarily postgraduate students as participants. The assessment was conducted as part of a controlled experiment. Method used in this research is a controlled indoor experiment using a visual search task in which a random order of daytime and nighttime scenes are given within 200 milliseconds. Subjects were instructed to identify any visible signs at the scene. Four variables, including the size/distance of signs, the complexity of the background, the luminance contrast, and the color dif erence, were utilized. The results reveal that the size of the sign influences its conspicuity. Sign conspicuity is likewise af ected by luminance contrast, however it may have a greater ef ect at night. The results may also show that the impact of color dif erence between daylight and nighttime conditions is minimal. In as much as a portion of the parameter's value is based on visual evaluation, and the findings do not appear to have reached a statistically significant level, additional methodological refinement is required.
Keyword: conspicuity, traf ic sign, complexity, urban are
ANALISIS PENURUNAN MUTU BETON STRUKTURAL AKIBAT PENGARUH AIR LAUT PADA MASA PEMELIHARAAN
Authors: Uu Saepudin  , Sumarno Wahyu , Ega Mardiana Cecep 
Published: February 2023

Air laut memiliki kandungan garam yang tinggi yang dapat menggerogoti kekuatan dan keawetan beton. Hal ini disebabkan klorida yang terdapat pada air laut yang merupakan garam yang bersifat agresif terhadap bahan lain, termasuk beton. Kerusakan dapat terjadi pada beton akibat reaksi antara air laut yang agresif yang terpenetrasi ke dalam beton dengan senyawa-senyawa di dalam beton yang mengakibatkan beton kehilangan sebagian massa, kehilangan kekuatan dan kekakuannya serta mempercepat proses pelapukan (Mehta, 1991). Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang penurunan mutu beton struktural akibat pengaruh air laut pada masa pemeliharaan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh air laut pada masa pemeliharaan terhadap penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton struktural dan mengetahui penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton struktural terbesar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Penelitian dirancang dengan 5 perlakuan untuk uji kuat tekan beton dan 5 perlakuan untuk uji kuat lentur beton, masing – masing diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diujicobakan antara lain beton dengan mutu K 200, K 250, K 300, K 350 dan K 400.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemeliharaan beton dengan menggunakan air laut berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton dimana terjadi penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton. Penurunan kuat tekan beton K 200 sebesar 17,32%, beton K 250 sebesar 16,34%, beton K 300 sebesar 14,93%, beton K 350 sebesar 11,11% dan beton K 400 sebesar 9,33%. Penurunan kuat lentur beton K 200 sebesar 15,56%, beton K 250 sebesar 15,11%, beton K 300 sebesar 13,03%, beton K 350 sebesar 10,34% dan beton K 400 sebesar 9,25%. Penurunan kuat tekan dan kuat lentur beton terbesar akibat pengaruh air laut pada masa pemeliharaan terjadi pada beton K 200 dengan penurunan kuat tekan sebesar 17,32% dan penurunan kuat lentur sebesar 15,11%.
KONTRIBUSI PELATIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING BERBASIS GAMIFIKASI TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PEMASARAN IKM (INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH)
Authors: Uswatun Habibah Nunung 
Published: February 2023

Dewasa ini IKM makanan di Ciamis menghadapi tantangan persaingan pasar di era digital, dimana umumnya IKM makanan di Ciamis basis pemasarannya masih menggunakan cara-cara tradisional, sehingga selalu tertinggal dari IKM makanan yang telah menggunakan pemasaran digital, hal tersebut disebabkan masih sangat kurangnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman pelaku usaha IKM makanan di Kabupaten Ciamis tentang sistem digital marketing telah menjadi andalan dalam dunia pemasaran saat ini dan telah menjadi bagian perekonomian nasional yang berpotensi dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk itu, kontribusi pelatihan dalam peningkatan akses dan jangkauannya sangat dibutuhkan untuk bisa menghadapi persaingan tersebut. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah menentukan kontribusi pelatihan digital marketing berbasis gamifikasi terhadap kompetensi pemasaran IKM Makanan di Kabupaten Ciamis. Metode penelitian menggunakan survai eksplanatori, teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner. Menentukan sampel digunakan teknik sensus. Teknik analisis data untuk mengetahui kontribusi antara variabel digunakan koefisien korelasi Pearson, koefisien determinasi, regresi linier sederhana dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pelatihan digital marketing berbasis gamifikasi pada IKM makanan secara umum masih dianggap kurang. Kompetensi pemasaran IKM makanan di Kabupaten Ciamis secara umum masih tergolong pada katagori sedang karena masih fluktuatifnya tingkat penjualan. menunjukan bahwa pelatihan digital marketing memiliki kontribusi terhadap kompetensi pemasaran IKM di Kabupaten Ciamis adalah sebesar 68,72 %, dan sisanya sebesar 31,28 % kontribusi dari variabel lain yang tidak diteliti
ASP Formulation Development Journey, Optimisation and Validation for Mangala Field
Authors: Koduru Nitish , Prasad Dhruva , Pandey Amitabh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMangala is a large low salinity, high quality fluvial oil field reservoir in India with STOIIP of over one billion barrels of waxy and moderately viscous crude. Aqueous based chemical EOR has been identified as the most suitable technique to improve recovery over waterflooding. The objective of this paper is to describe the ASP formulation development journey for Mangala which involved more than 30 corefloods till date with evolution of formulation design changing over time. The final selected formulation has been successfully tested in upper layer of Mangala field during pilot and is being planned to be used in full field.Initial formulation design was done using IFT (interfacial tension) and adsorption measurements approach. Later the formulation design was done using classic phase behavior approach which allowed quick and robust evaluation of large number of chemicals in a short duration. Typically, the formulation development involves phase behavior tests, aqueous stability test, salinity gradient design, dead oil and live oil coreflood on long linear synthetic and reservoir core plugs. A successful formulation shall have low viscous microemulsion phase, solubilization ratio greater than 10 (ultralow IFT), very low residual oil saturation, good thermal and aqueous stability, low adsorption, low chemical concentration and fewer components among many other parameters.Initial formulation basis IFT measurements was selected and tested under multiple corefloods (IPTC 12636). Later, basis the phase behavior approach, another formulation consisting of 0.3% surfactant and 0.3% co-solvent was formulated (SPE 129046). For Mangala, solubilizing paraffinic waxy crude required usage of large carbon chained Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate. Formulation with hydrophobic surfactant required addition of a hydrophilic surfactant and a co-solvent. Co-solvents, though improve electrolytic strength, add significant chemical cost and are some-times unstable. Finally, a highly hydrophilic alcohol alkoxy sulfate was selected to substitute the role of co-solvent but still maintain enough electrolytic strength. The formulation consisted of 0.3% surfactant, 3% alkali and 0.25% polymer in soft water which was used during a successful pilot (SPE 179700).The formulation has been further optimized to reduce the overall chemical quantity (SPE 200445) to 0.25% surfactant and 2.5% alkali. Additionally, formulation has been validated on other layers of Mangala field under high pressure live oil phase behavior and live oil reservoir coreflood.This paper discusses ASP formulation development approach, technical requirement, development journey of formulation for successful Mangala ASP pilot, optimization efforts undertaken to reduce the chemical usage and validation of formulation for other layers of Mangala reservoir. This paper also briefly discusses lab quality control guidelines that is being developed for large scale procurement of chemicals for full-field ASP floods.
Like Cures Like Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery in Biodegraded Crude
Authors: Ketmalee Thanapong , Singhapetcharat Thanachai , Pancharoen Monrawee , Navasumrit Pacharaporn , Chayraksa Kittiphop , Kovitkanit Naruttee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractField A is an onshore oil field in Thailand. This area contains biodegraded medium-heavy crude reservoir; 19°API oil gravity and 144 cp viscosity. Therefore, the field suffers from a low recovery factor due to high crude viscosity.On one hand, bacteria have exerted an adverse effect on production, on the other hand, it means that the condition of the reservoir is suitable for implementing Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR). The MEOR is a technology that utilizes microorganisms (mainly bacteria), to enhance oil production, especially for medium-heavy oil. By feeding nutrients to bacteria, several metabolites were produced that would be useful for oil recovery. This technique is well known for its low investment cost, hence, high return.The technical screening confirmed that the reservoir and fluid properties are suitable for MEOR. Consequently, sixteen core samples and three water samples were collected for indigenous bacteria analysis. Although the laboratory indicated there are countless bacterial strains in the reservoir, the nitrate-reducing biosurfactant-producing bacteria group was identified. This bacteria group belongs to the Bacillus genus which produced biosurfactant and reduced crude viscosity by long-chain hydrocarbon degradation.Therefore, the treatment design aimed to promote the growth of favorable bacteria and inhibit undesirable ones. Consequently, a combination of KNO3 and KH2PO4 solutions and a specialized injection scheme was tailored for this campaign.The pilot consisted of two candidates those were well W1 (76% water cut), and well W2 (100% water cut). The campaign was categorized into three phases, namely, 1.) baseline phase, 2.) injection and soaking phase, and 3.) production phase. Firstly, the baseline production trends of candidates were established. Secondly, KNO3 and KH2PO4 solutions were injected for one month then the wells were shut-in for another month. Lastly, the pilot wells were allowed to produce for six months to evaluate the results.The dead oil viscosity of well W1 was reduced from 144 cp to 72 cp which led to a 6.44 MSTB EUR gain or 1.3% RF improvement. On the other hand, the productivity of well W2, the well with 100% water cut, was not improved. This was expected due to insufficient in-situ oil saturation for a bacteria carbon source. Considering the operational aspect, there was no corrosion issue or artificial lift gas-lock problem during the pilot.
The First Steam Flooding Design and Application for Thin Heavy Oil Reservoir in Bohai Bay by Horizontal Well
Authors: Pan Guangming , Luo Xianbo , Zhang Lei , Li Hao , Qu Jifeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe target heavy oil reservoir was developed by horizontal wells with large well spacing (250 m ~ 450 m) during the early huff and puff stage. However, more than 70% of the reserves was left in the reservoir after stimulation development because of its small heating radius, and required further enhanced oil recovery through subsequent steam flooding for inter-well reserves extraction.Different from traditional vertical well, a special hot-water condensate zone developed at the reservoir bottom due to vertical radial flow during horizontal well steam flooding was demonstrated in our previous work. Inhibiting the development of hot-water condensate zone became the design key for horizontal well steam flooding. Based on laboratory physical experiments and numerical simulation method with 13 years of huff and puff development history match, the first offshore steam flooding scheme was studied to optimize and obtain the main heat injection parameters. Finally, field practice was carried out 30 months ago to verify project design.Results showed that, compared with mature vertical well steam flooding designed for suppressing the overlap in top steam zone, the horizontal steam flooding was designed to suppress channeling flow caused by weak stability of hot-water displacement oil front in bottom condensate zone. Therefore, the heat injection well was designed in the low structure position for horizontal well steam flooding, while designed heat injection well for vertical well steam flooding located in the high structure position. Meanwhile, to ensure effective expansion of steam zone, the production/injection ratio was optimized as high as 1.4 to 1.6 for horizontal well steam flooding, rather than low production/injection ratio of 1.2 to 1.4 for conventional vertical well. Also, it was demonstrated that foam can effectively prevent steam channeling under high oil saturation conditions, especially in the high superheated temperature. So the profile control timing for horizontal well was advanced in the early thermal connection stage, instead of the late steam breakthrough phase for vertical well. The field practice has been carried out for 30 months, the daily oil production of well group increased from 180 m3 to 250 m3, and the instantaneous oil/gas ratio was developed as high as 0.8 to 1.0.It was suggested to pay special attention for the additional hot-water condensate zone at the reservoir bottom for horizontal well steam flooding. The proven development strategy, inhibiting condensate zones at reservoir bottom and promoting steam zones at reservoir top, customized for horizontal well can also be applied in offshore similar thin heavy oil reservoirs with large well spacing.
Acid-Induced Emulsion and Sludge Mitigation: A Lab Study
Authors: Alhamad Luai , Alfakher Basil , Al-Taq Ali , Alsalem Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcid matrix stimulation is a widely used method to improve well productivity by removing and/or bypassing damage in the near wellbore area and creating channels for hydrocarbon flow. Hydrochloric (HCl) and organic acids are commonly used to design fluid recipes utilized in these treatments. However, these acids can cause formation damage by forming stable emulsions and sludge upon contact with formation crude if the treatment and/or stimulation fluid are not designed carefully. It is well reported that acid in contact with crude oil can destabilize asphaltenes either by neutralizing asphaltene or dissolution of resins. Therefore, acid recipe chemical additives must be selected and examined carefully to ensure effective acidizing treatments.In this study, the interaction of different HCl-based recipes with oil was investigated using different lab techniques and analysis including acid/oil separation tests, sludging tendency testing, and SARA analysis. The influence of several factors including acid concentration, acid type, and dissolved iron content were investigated. Experiments were conducted with varying acid blends, demulsifier and anti-sludge type and concentration. To simulate dissolving corrosion products by acids in downhole environment, ferric chloride was incorporated in acid recipes.The results showed an increase in temperature enhanced emulsion/sludge breaking tendency. The addition of demulsifier/anti-sludge agents in acid recipes was necessary to avoid creating stable emulsions and sludge that can damage reservoir permeability. Higher amounts of dissolved iron in the acid solution resulted in a more stable emulsion and enhanced sludge formation. Asphaltene problematic oil, as determined from the asphaltene colloidal instability index, showed severe sludging tendency. Lastly, the use of HCl/organic acid blends may be necessary for some oil types to avoid formation of sludge.This paper showcases a comprehensive testing method to mitigate formation damage from acidizing treatments. The testing can be expanded to design an acid stimulation fluid recipe to minimize acid-induced formation damage and maximize well productivity enhancement.
A New Multistage Fracturing Completion Approach for Sanding Formations: First Application in the Region
Authors: Rodoplu Rasim Serdar , Brohi Imad G. , Al-Mohanna Khalid S. , Qahtani Adel A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferent approaches and techniques were utilized in the industry to overcome challenges in sanding formations, including frac-packs, indirect fracturing, and resin coated proppants. Due to complexities in the results achieved, open hole multistage fracturing (OH MSF) with a sand control completion system was introduced with the goal of expanding the technology portfolio for controlling sand production and proppant flowback.Offset wells drilled in a prolific gas-bearing unconsolidated sandstone formation showed high sand and proppant production restricting the potential from these wells. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a new OH MSF completion strategy to address sand/proppant control and combine it with proppant fracturing at the same time. This paper highlights OH MSF technology that utilizes screened port sleeves capable of withstanding fracturing pressures and harsh environments.The new completion system consists of a hydraulic frac port opened by applying pressure in the first stage. In addition, the fracturing ports for the next stages are opened by dropping activation balls. Each stage needs to be equipped with a sleeve fused with a screen for sand and/or proppant control. Stages are separated by open hole packers for zonal isolation in the open hole section. It is an innovative system that combines MSF completion with sand control components.Due to the complex nature of the completion, rigless well intervention operations must be well planned, discussed, and conducted with close monitoring during all the operations. In particular, frac port opening/closing, sand screened sleeves opening with coiled tubing (CT) well interventions, proppant fracturing operations, and e-line production logging tools (PLTs). Besides, if the transmissibility is high with a high leak off and quick closure of fracture, then frac operations should be performed with the objective of creating a tip screen out (TSO) scenario to achieve good proppant packing close to the wellbore area.Production rates after completing proppant fracturing, CT milling, and shifting interventions exceeded the expectations without any sand or proppant flowback. The candidate well's rate remained higher than offset wells and no sand nor proppant were observed on the surface.The new OH MSF with sand control completion technology will enable performing OH MSF treatments in gas formations with a high sanding tendency. In addition, it helps to diversify technologies utilized to enhance production without producing formation sand or proppant. Utilization in the right candidate in conjunction with an optimum engineering approach and optimized design will ensure obtaining the benefits of this new completion system to overcome similar challenges.