bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasites and Pollutants: Effects of Multiple Stressors on Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Grabner Daniel , Rothe Louisa E. , Sures Bernd 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Parasites can affect their hosts in various ways, and this implies that parasites may act as additional biotic stressors in a multiple-stressor scenario, resembling conditions often found in the field if, for example, pollutants and parasites occur simultaneously. Therefore, parasites represent important modulators of host reactions in ecotoxicological studies when measuring the response of organisms to stressors such as pollutants. In the present study, we introduce the most important groups of parasites occurring in organisms commonly used in ecotoxicological studies ranging from laboratory to field investigations. After briefly explaining their life cycles, we focus on parasite stages affecting selected ecotoxicologically relevant target species belonging to crustaceans, molluscs, and fish. We included ecotoxicological studies that consider the combination of effects of parasites and pollutants on the respective model organism with respect to aquatic host–parasite systems. We show that parasites from different taxonomic groups (e.g., Microsporidia, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda, Acanthocephala, and Nematoda) clearly modulate the response to stressors in their hosts. The combined effects of environmental stressors and parasites can range from additive, antagonistic to synergistic. Our study points to potential drawbacks of ecotoxicological tests if parasite infections of test organisms, especially from the field, remain undetected and unaddressed. If these parasites are not detected and quantified, their physiological effects on the host cannot be separated from the ecotoxicological effects. This may render this type of ecotoxicological test erroneous. In laboratory tests, for example to determine effect or lethal concentrations, the presence of a parasite can also have a direct effect on the concentrations to be determined and thus on the subsequently determined security levels, such as predicted no-effect concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1946–1959. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Reevaluation of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Equivalency Factors for Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls for Fishes
Authors: Doering Jon A. , Tillitt Donald E. , Wiseman Steve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An expert meeting was organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1997 to streamline assessments of risk posed by mixtures of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) through development of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalency factors (TEFs) for mammals, birds, and fishes. No reevaluation has been performed for fish TEFs. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to reevaluate the TEFs for fishes based on an updated database of relative potencies (RePs) for DLCs. Selection criteria consistent with the WHO meeting resulted in 53 RePs across 14 species of fish ultimately being considered. Of these RePs, 70% were not available at the time of the WHO meeting. These RePs were used to develop updated TEFs for fishes based on a similar decision process as used at the WHO meeting. The updated TEF for 16 DLCs was greater than the WHO TEF, but only four differed by more than an order of magnitude. Measured concentrations of DLCs in four environmental samples were used to compare 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) calculated using the WHO TEFs relative to the updated TEFs. The TEQs for none of these environmental samples differed by more than an order of magnitude. Therefore, present knowledge supports that the WHO TEFs are suitable potency estimates for fishes. However, the updated TEFs pull from a larger database with a greater breadth of data and as a result offer greater confidence relative to the WHO TEFs. Risk assessors will have different criteria in the selection of TEFs, and the updated TEFs are not meant to immediately replace the formal WHO TEFs; but those who value a larger database and increased confidence in TEQs could consider using the updated TEFs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2215–2228. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Machine learning for the history of ideas
Authors: Brausch Simon , Graßhoff Gerd 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe information technological progress that has been achieved over the last decades has also given the humanities the opportunity to expand their methodological toolbox. This paper explores how recent advancements in natural language processing may be used for research in the history of ideas so as to overcome traditional scholarship's inevitably selective approach to historical sources. By employing two machine learning techniques whose potential for the analysis of conceptual continuities and innovations has never been considered before, we aim to determine the extent to which they can enhance conventional research methods. It will amount to a critical evaluation of how the advantages of computational in‐breadth analysis could be combined with the merits of traditional in‐depth analysis in a philosophically fruitful way. After a brief technical description, the approach will be applied to an example: the conceptual (dis)continuity between medieval and early modern philosophy. All the challenges encountered during development and application will be carefully evaluated. We will then be able to assess whether these tools and techniques present promising extensions to the methodological toolbox of traditional scholarship, or whether they do not yet have the potential for a task as complex as the analysis of philosophical literature. The present investigation can thus be seen as an experiment on how far one can go with current machine‐learning techniques in this area of research. In doing so, it provides important insights and guidance for future advances in the field.
VIX futures pricing based on high‐frequency VIX: A hybrid approach combining SVR with parametric models
Authors: Qiao Gaoxiu , Jiang Gongyue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel hybrid approach for volatility index (VIX) futures pricing by combining support vector regression (SVR) with parametric models. Realized semivariances calculated based on high‐frequency VIX are used to characterize the asymmetric shocks of VIX, and the direct pricing framework of the heterogeneous autoregressive model is extended by incorporating realized semivariances. VIX futures prices are first obtained via parametric models, then the predicted prices and realized semivariances are input into SVR to obtain the final predicted values. Empirical results indicate that the combination of SVR with parametric models significantly improves the pricing ability. This indicates the important information of high‐frequency VIX and the necessity of combining machine learning methods with parametric models to obtain more accurate predictions.
How does people's trust in automated vehicles change after automation errors occur? An empirical study on dynamic trust in automated driving
Authors: Tan Hao , Hao Yuyue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen errors of automated vehicles (AVs) occur, drivers' trust can easily be destroyed, resulting in the reduction of the use of AVs. This study aims to examine how error of AVs declines driver's trust by impacting their subjective perceptions. A driving simulator experiment is conducted, in which 104 participants (male = 58; female = 46) experienced automated driving with automation errors and rated their trust. The results indicate that automation error will affect the driver's perceived predictability, perceived reliability, and perceived safety, which will lead to the decline of trust and abandonment of automated driving. With the occurrence of automation error of AVs, perceived safety plays a more critical role in drivers' trust. In addition, when automation errors occur in specific tasks with low risk, the trust of drivers will drop faster than that in high‐risk tasks. This paper has explored the internal effects of the decline of driver's trust after automation errors of AVs, and further considers the influence of different external risks on these perception factors and trust. This study can help AVs manufacturers to formulate different degrees of trust repair strategies according to different driving tasks and accident severity.
Digital games for rehabilitation of speech disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Hajesmaeel‐Gohari Sadrieh , Goharinejad Saeideh , Shafiei Elaheh , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsDigital games are among the treatment methods for speech disorders that serve purposes other than mere entertainment. These games have been used for different speech disorders at any age. This study aims to review articles that have used digital games for rehabilitating speech disorders.MethodsThis study was a scoping review. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on February 28, 2022, to access the articles on digital games used in rehabilitation of speech disorders without any date restrictions. The search strategy was as follows: (“video game [MeSH term]” OR “computer game” OR “mobile game” OR “serious game” OR gamification [MeSH term]) AND (“speech pathology” OR “speech therapy [MeSH term]” OR “speech disorder [MeSH term]” OR stuttering [MeSH term]). Original interventional and observational studies in English were included. The data were extracted from the relevant articles, including the first author's name, year of publication, country, target group, participants, mobile device/computer‐based, type of game design, language level, number of sessions, and outcome. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.ResultsOf 693 retrieved articles, 10 articles were included in this study. Digital games were used for different speech disorders such as apraxia (20%), dysarthria (10%), articulatory hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease (10%), dysphonic disorder (10%), hearing disability (10%), phonological impairment (10%), and speech disorder in autism (10%). Most of the articles (60%) used a mobile device‐based game. Phonemes (30%), words (30%), and sentences (20%) were the most frequently used language levels in designing digital games. All the reviewed articles reported the positive effect of digital games on speech and the patients' motivation in therapy.ConclusionDigital games can improve patients' speech and motivation in therapy. Although studies showed the positive impact of digital games on speech disorders, personalized speech therapy should be considered in designing these games.
Effect and feasibility of the combination of branched chain amino acid and exercise therapy on muscle mass and echo intensity of muscle in orthopedic patients in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital: A crossover trial
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Suzuki Sadaoki , Aimoto Kenji , Kamono Arinori , Matsunaga Yuki , Noguchi Yu , Jinno Tetsuya , Kanzaki Koji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study examined the feasibility of nutritional support combined with exercise intervention for restoring muscle and physical functions in convalescent orthopedic patients.MethodsWe used a crossover design in which nutritional support combined with exercise intervention was administered daily during the early (1 month) and late (1 month) cycles with a 1‐week washout period. The exercise intervention was performed twice daily for 2 months in the early and late groups. The exercise intervention consisted of one set of muscle strength, stretching, and physical activity exercises for 20 min each. Nutritional interventions were administered immediately after the exercise. A 3.4 g of branched‐chain amino acid supplements (BCAAs) or 1.2 g of starch was ingested. We measured the skeletal muscle mass and isometric muscle strength of the limbs and performed balance tests. After the crossover, the BCAA and Placebo groups were compared.ResultsThe ratio of improvement in the echo intensity of the rectus femoris (RF) was significantly higher in the BCAA group. A comparison of the order of nutritional intervention showed a significant effect on the RF echo intensity in both groups only when BCAAs were administered.ConclusionThis study's results suggest that the proposed combined intervention improves muscle quality and mass in convalescent orthopedic patients.
Digital diaphanoscopy of maxillary sinus pathologies supported by machine learning
Authors: Bryanskaya Ekaterina O. , Dremin Viktor V. , Shupletsov Valery V. , Kornaev Alexey V. , Kirillin Mikhail Yu. , Bakotina Anna V. , Panchenkov Dmitry N. , Podmasteryev Konstantin V. , Artyushenko Viacheslav G. , Dunaev Andrey V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMaxillary sinus pathologies remain among the most common ENT diseases requiring timely diagnosis for successful treatment. Standard ENT inspection approaches indicate low sensitivity in detecting maxillary sinus pathologies. In this paper, we report on capabilities of digital diaphanoscopy combined with machine learning tools in the detection of such pathologies. We provide a comparative analysis of two machine learning approaches applied to digital diapahnoscopy data, namely, convolutional neural networks and linear discriminant analysis. The sensitivity and specificity values obtained for both employed approaches exceed the reported accuracy indicators for traditional screening diagnosis methods (such as nasal endoscopy or ultrasound), suggesting the prospects of their usage for screening maxillary sinuses alterations. The analysis of the obtained values showed that the linear discriminant analysis, being a simpler approach as compared to neural networks, allows one to detect the maxillary sinus pathologies with the sensitivity and specificity of 0.88 and 0.98, respectively.
A Photodissociation dynamics study utilizing spatial orientation control of asymmetric top molecules
Authors: Nakamura Masaaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe hexapole state selection had been developed mainly as a measure of rotational state selection and orientation control of symmetric top molecules.ObjectiveThis review aims to reorganize the results that the state selection technique was applied to study the photodissociation dynamics of an asymmetric top molecule 2‐bromobutane.Methods2‐Bromobutane molecules have been state‐selected and spatially oriented using a hexapole state selector. The oriented molecules were then photolyzed to emit Br (2P1/2) photofragments. The photofragments were observed by using the slice ion imaging technique.ResultsThe photofragment scattering distribution was experimentally observed to present a characteristic top‐bottom asymmetry, which allows us to extract geometric information of molecular vector properties related to the photodissociation dynamics. Besides, a theoretical study suggested a possibility of chiral discrimination by the scattering angular distributions.ConclusionThis review introduces the overview of the theoretical formulation of the angular distributions and representative experimental results using the orientational control technique as an effective tool for studies of photodissociation dynamics.
Solution to a conjecture on the mean subtree order of graphs under edge addition
Authors: Chen Xiaolin , Wei Guangbiao , Lian Huishu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mean subtree order of a graph is the number of vertices of all subtrees of this graph divided by the number of all subtrees of this graph. In 2021, Cameron and Mol constructed a special graph of order and proved that the addition of a single edge between a pair of nonadjacent vertices in the graph can decrease the mean subtree order by as much as when is large enough. Moreover, they left a conjecture that for every positive integer , there exists a graph obtained by adding edges to another graph , then the mean subtree order of is more than that of . In this paper, we confirm this conjecture.
Partitioning edges of a planar graph into linear forests and a matching
Authors: Bonamy Marthe , Czyżewska Jadwiga , Kowalik Łukasz , Pilipczuk Michał 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that the edges of any planar graph of maximum degree at most 9 can be partitioned into four linear forests and a matching. Combined with known results, this implies that the edges of any planar graph of odd maximum degree can be partitioned into linear forests and one matching. This strengthens well‐known results stating that graphs in this class have chromatic index and linear arboricity at most .
Triheptanoin for the treatment of long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders: Final results of an open‐label, long‐term extension study
Authors: Vockley Jerry , Burton Barbara K. , Berry Gerard , Longo Nicola , Phillips John , Sanchez‐Valle Amarilis , Chapman Kimberly A. , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Grunewald Stephanie , Murphy Elaine , Lu Xiaoxiao , Rahman Syeda , Ray Kathryn , Reineking Bridget , Pisani Laura , Ramirez Antonio Nino 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLong‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAODs) result in life‐threatening energy metabolism deficiencies/energy source depletion. Triheptanoin is an odd‐carbon, medium chain triglyceride (that is an anaplerotic substrate of calories and fatty acids) for treating pediatric and adult patients with LC‐FAODs. Study CL202 (NCT02214160), an open‐label extension study of study CL201 (NCT01886378), evaluated the long‐term safety/efficacy of triheptanoin in patients with LC‐FAODs (N = 94), including cohorts who were triheptanoin naïve (n = 33) or had received triheptanoin in study CL201 (n = 24) or in investigator‐sponsored trials/expanded access programs (IST/EAPs; n = 37). Primary endpoint was the annualized rate of LC‐FAOD major clinical events (MCEs; rhabdomyolysis, hypoglycemia, cardiomyopathy). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) triheptanoin treatment durations were 27.4 ± 19.9, 46.9 ± 13.6, and 49.6 ± 21.4 months for the triheptanoin‐naïve, CL201 rollover, and IST/EAP cohorts, respectively. In the triheptanoin‐naïve cohort, median (interquartile range [IQR]) MCE rate significantly decreased from 2.00 (0.67–3.33) events/patient/year pre‐triheptanoin to 0.28 (0.00–1.43) events/patient/year with triheptanoin (p = 0.0343), a reduction of 86%. In the CL201 rollover cohort, mean ± SD MCE rate significantly decreased from 1.76 ± 1.64 events/patient/year pre‐triheptanoin to 1.00 ± 1.00 events/patient/year with triheptanoin (p = 0.0347), a reduction of 43%. In the IST/EAP cohort, mean ± SD MCE rate was 1.40 ± 2.37 (median [IQR] 0.57 [0.00–1.67]) events/patient/year with triheptanoin. Safety data were consistent with previous observations. Treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 68.1% of patients and were mostly mild/moderate in severity. Five patients had seven serious treatment‐related TEAEs; all resolved. Our results confirm the long‐term efficacy of triheptanoin for patients with LC‐FAOD.
Thienoisoindigo‐Based Conjugated Polymers Synthesized by Direct Arylation Polycondensation
Authors: Wang Pai , Xu Chenhui , Zhang Xuwen , Shi Yibo , Wang Cheng , Han Yang , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA series of thienoisoindigo (TIG)‐based conjugated polymers (CPs) with high molecular weights are synthesized by direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) by using TIG derivatives as CBr monomer and multi‐halogenated thiophene derivatives, i.e., (E)–1,2‐bis(3,4‐difluorothien‐2‐yl)ethene (4FTVT), (E)–1,2‐bis(3,4‐dichlorothien‐2‐yl)ethene (4ClTVT), 3,3',4,4'‐tetrafluoro‐2,2'‐bithiophene (4FBT), and 3,3',4,4'‐tetrachloro‐2,2'‐bithiophene (4ClBT), as CH monomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the high selectivity between α‐CH bonds in 4FTVT, 4ClTVT, 4FBT, and 4ClBT and β‐CH bonds in TIG CBr monomer. All four resulting CPs exhibit low optical bandgaps of ca. 1.20 eV and ambipolar transport characteristics with both electron and hole mobility above 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 as elaborated with organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). The polymer TIG‐4FTVT delivers the best device performance. With this polymer, n‐channel OTFTs with electron mobility up to 1.67 cm2 V−1 s−1 and p‐channel OTFTs with hole mobility up to 0.62 cm2 V−1 s−1 are fabricated by modifying source/drain electrodes with polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and MoO3, respectively, to selectively inject electrons and holes.
Neuropathic Tremor in Guillain‐Barré Syndrome
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Anandapadmanabhan Reghu , Vishnoi Aayushi , Vishnu Venugopalan Yamuna , Latorre Anna , Agarwal Harsh , Ghosh Tamoghna , Mangat Navtej , Biswas Deblina , Gupta Anu , Radhakrishnan Divya Madathiparambil , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Bhatia Rohit , Srivastava Achal , Srivastava Madakasira Vasantha Padma , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuropathic Tremor (NT) is a postural/kinetic tremor of the upper extremity, often encountered in patients with chronic neuropathies such as paraprotein‐associated and hereditary neuropathies.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical and electrophysiological features of NT in a previously underrecognized setting‐ during recovery from Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS).MethodsPatients with a documented diagnosis of GBS in the past, presenting with tremor were identified from review of clinical records. Participants underwent structured, videotaped neurological examination, and electrophysiological analysis using tri‐axial accelerometry‐surface electromyography. Tremor severity was assessed using the Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale.ResultsWe describe the clinical and electrophysiological features of 5 patients with GBS associated NT. Our cohort had a fine, fast, and slightly jerky postural tremor of frequency ranging from 8 to 10 Hz. Dystonic posturing and overflow movements were noted in 4/5 patients. Tremor appeared 3 months–5 years after the onset of GBS, when patients had regained near normal muscle strength and deep tendon jerks were well elicitable. Electrophysiological analysis of tremor strongly suggested the presence of a central oscillator in all patients.ConclusionNT is not limited to chronic inflammatory or hereditary neuropathies and may occur in the recovery phase of GBS. The tremor is characterized by a high frequency, jerky postural tremor with dystonic posturing. Electrophysiological evaluation suggests the presence of a central oscillator, hypothetically the cerebellum driven by impaired sensorimotor feedback.
Operation of a passively mode‐locked Tm:YAG laser with tantalum aluminum carbide as a saturable absorber
Authors: Qi Tianqi , Wu Haibin , Li Mingfeng , Hou Xueling , Shen Yingjie , Duan Xiaoming , Lu Wencheng , Bi Yingdong , Zhang Guomin , Pu Zigang , Yu Shuang , Zong TianHao , Li Linjun , Yang Yuqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a compact diode‐pumped continuous wave (CW) and passively Q‐switched mode‐locked (QML) Tm:YAG lasers operation on the 3F4–3H6 transition is realized by using tantalum aluminum carbide (Ta4AlC3) phase ceramic (MAX) material as a saturable absorber (SA). The first stable QML operation of the mid‐infrared Tm:YAG laser at 2012.38 nm is demonstrated with a Ta4AlC3‐SA. A stable QML Tm:YAG laser was achieved when the absorption pumping power reached 14 W. Under QML mode, Tm:YAG laser generated a maximum average output power of 560 mW at 2012.38 nm with an optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 4%, corresponding to a shortest pulse duration of 541 ps and a high repetition rate of 168 MHz. The experiment shows that Ta4AlC3‐SA is an attractive candidate for diode‐pumped CW and QML mid‐infrared all‐solid‐state lasers emitting around 2.0 μm.