bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Hydrolysis of Cottonseed Oil with Amano Lipase Entrapped on Hydrolysed
Polyvinyl Alcohol Gel Pellets Optimized via Factorial Design
Authors: Talpur Farah Naz , Khan Sidra , Unar Ahsanullah , Afridi Hassan Imran , Ibrahim Adnan , Bashir Muhammad Sohail 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum hydrolysis of cottonseed oil via immobilized lipases
(Lipases Rhizopus oryzae, SL from Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) cepacia, Amano lipase from Mucor javanica,
ANL from Aspergillus niger lipase, TL from Pseudomonas stutzeri, QLM from Alcaligenes sp., Triacylglycerol
lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), PL from Alcaligenes sp., AL from lysosomal acid lipase, Candida antarctica (CA), and Candida
cylindrea (CC)) on hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel pellets.

:
The production of free fatty acids by the hydrolysis of triglycerides from several sources is an important component
in the economic exploitation of naturally produced renewable raw materials.

:
Herein, various lipases, including Rhizopus oryzea, SL, Amano lipase from Mucor javanica, ANL, TL, QLM, EC,
PL, AL, CA, and CC were screened for optimum hydrolysis of cottonseed oil. Following the selection of lipase for
hydrolysis of cottonseed oil, transparent PVA gel was synthesized by physical gelation method employing Dimethyl
sulfoxide and a water system. In the last step, immobilization of selected lipase i.e. Amano lipase for cotton
seed oil was carried out at 4oC for one hour. After successful synthesis and immobilization, the PVA gel was characterized
by FTIR and SEM analysis. Finally, factorial design was employed for optimization of experimental variables
such as pH, time and amount of cotton seed oil hydrolysis by lipase immobilized PVA.

:
The obtained results indicated that lipase Amano was found better with higher free fatty acids (FFA) yields (with
98.38%) in 5 hours using 3 g of cottonseed oil, suggesting that PVA immobilized Amano lipase is an efficient catalyst
to hydrolyze the cottonseed oil.

:
The overall study indicated that hydrolysed PVA gel is an effective biocompatible solid support for immobilization
of lipases to obtain higher FFA from cottonseed oil following hydrolysis reaction.
Investigating the Precise Identification of Citrullination Sites with High-
Performance Score Metrics Using a Powerful Computation Predicting Tool
Authors: Ahmed Fee Faysal , Podder Anamika , Bulbul Md. Farhad , Hossain Md. Amzad , Hasan Mahedi , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rauf , Kim Daijin 
Published: September 2023

Background:
To elucidate the detailed mechanisms of citrullination at the molecular
level and design drugs applicable to major human diseases, predicting protein citrullination sites
(PCSs) is essential. Using experimental approaches to predict PCSs is time-consuming and costly.
However, there is a limited scope of the current PCS predictors. In particular, most predictors are
commonly used for PCS prediction and have limited performance scores.

Objective:
This work aims to provide an improved sophisticated predictor of citrullination sites using
a benchmark dataset in a machine learning platform.

Methods:
This study presents a reliable citrullination site predictor based on a benchmark dataset
containing a 1:1 ratio of positive and negative samples. We classified citrullination sites using the
Composition of the K-Spaced Amino Acid Pairs (CKSAAP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Results:
We developed PCS predictors using integrated machine-learning methods that produced
the highest average scores. Using 10-fold cross-validation on test datasets, the True Positive Rate
(TPR) was 98.34%, the True Negative Rate (TNR) was 99.44%, the accuracy was 98.89%, the
Mathew Correlation Coefficient (MCC) was 98.21%, the Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) was
0.999, and the partial Area Under the ROC Curve (pAUC) was 0.1968.

Conclusion:
According to overall performance, our developed predictor has a significantly higher
implementation in comparison with the current tools on the same benchmark dataset. Moreover, it
showed better performance metrics on both test and training datasets. Our developed predictor is
promising and can be implemented as a complementary technique for identifying fast and precise
citrullination sites.
Circular RNA Translation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wang Lijun , Cui Xinxin , Jiang Fei , Hu Yuxue , Wan Wensi , Li Guoping , Lin Yanjuan , Xiao Junjie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous functional RNA generated by backsplicing.
Recently, circRNAs have been found to have certain coding potential. Proteins/peptides
translated from circRNAs play essential roles in various diseases. Here, we briefly summarize the
basic knowledge and technologies that are usually applied to study circRNA translation. Then, we focus
on the research progress of circRNA translation in cardiovascular diseases and discuss the perspective
and future direction of translatable circRNA study in cardiovascular diseases.
Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts - Part 1
Authors: Manolis Antonis A. , Manolis Theodora , Melita Helen , Manolis Antonis S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide,
thus it is important to adopt preventive interventions. Observational data demonstrating CV benefits of
vitamin supplements, advanced by self-proclaimed experts have resulted in ~50% of Americans reporting
the use of multivitamins for health promotion; this practice has led to a multi-billion-dollar business
of the multivitamin-industry. However, the data on the extensive use of multivitamins show no consistent
benefit for CVD prevention or all-cause mortality, while the use of certain vitamins might prove
harmful. Thus, the focus of this two-part review is on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamins
on CVD.

:
In Part 1, the CV effects of specific vitamins are discussed, indicating the need for further supportive
evidence of potential benefits. Vitamin A preserves CV homeostasis as it participates in many biologic
functions, including atherosclerosis. However, supplementation could potentially be harmful. Betacarotene,
a pro-vitamin A, conveys pro-oxidant actions that may mitigate any other benefits. Folic acid
alone and certain B-vitamins (e.g., B1/B2/B6/B12) may reduce CVD, heart failure, and/or stroke, while
niacin might increase mortality. Vitamin C has antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. Vitamin D may
confer CV protection, but all the data are not in agreement. Combined vitamin E and C have antiatherogenic
effects but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin K seems neutral. Thus, there are individual
vitamin actions with favorable CV impact (certain B-vitamins and vitamins C and D), but other
vitamins (β-carotene, niacin) may potentially have deleterious effects, which also holds true for high
doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K).
Vilsmeier Haack Reaction: An Exemplary Tool for Synthesis of different
Heterocycles
Authors: Tyagi Shivani , Mishra Rakhi , Mazumder Avijit , Jindaniya Varsha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives epitomize the building blocks of many biological
entities, e.g., alkaloids, antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and others that are abundant in
nature. The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction has fascinated organic chemists due to its significant use in the
synthesis of numerous heterocycles. This analytical evaluation provides a scrutinized overview of the
literature on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.

:
A comprehensive review of the literature related to Vilsmeier- Haack reagents and reactions is done
from PubMed and other sources like google scholar and Google websites.

:
This precise analytic evaluation provides a revolutionary update on the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction and its
applications in the synthesis of natural and synthetic compounds.

:
Presently researchers are developing and looking for unconventional reagents that are inexpensive, have
high chemical yields, are environmentally benign, recyclable, and robust. The information incorporated
in this review paper may inspire more research on the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent and its usage in heterocycle
synthesis.
Biological Therapies for Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis - A Review
Authors: Milano Giulia , Forestieri Stefano , Tedeschi Micol , Licari Amelia , Brazzelli Valeria , Marseglia Gian Luigi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent chronic-recurrent inflammatory skin disease
in the pediatric age. It has a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis: the two key actors are im-
paired skin barrier function and immune system dysregulation, which represent the main targets of
AD therapy. Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized the management of moderate-to-severe
AD, by selective inhibition of key cytokines in the pathogenetic process. For this reason, there is
great interest in exploring AD pathogenetic mechanisms to develop new therapeutic strategies.
This review aims to summarize the most recent scientific evidence on available and future biologi-
cal therapies for the treatment of pediatric AD, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms underlying
their action.
Short-term SARS-CoV-2 Re-infection Rate in Vaccinated Health Workers
based on Received Vaccines: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sinaei Reza , Jafari Maedeh , Karamozian Rezvan , Pezeshki Sara , Sinaei Roya , Robati Fatemeh Karami , Yeganeh Mehrnoush Hassas , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Vaccines during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic entered
the market faster than a routine proportionate evaluation cycle. The highest number of deaths
and morbidities, especially by the type of B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, is one of the reasons for this inevitability.
Accordingly, evaluation of the effects of vaccines is of great importance

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effects of four current COVID-19
vaccines, such as AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Sinopharm, and Bharat, and the prevalence of COVID-19
occurrence among 600 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Southeast of Iran.

Results:
The incidence of infection among vaccinated HCWs was 36.3%, without any age and gender
difference, statistically. The infection rate with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-
2 (SARS-CoV-2) following immunization with AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, Bharat, and
Sinopharm vaccines were 45.8%, 41.3%, 36.9%, and 18.6%, respectively (P.V=0.001). Those who
had a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were more affected again despite vaccination
(P.V=0.001). However, out of 218 infected patients, only six patients (2.8%) were hospitalized,
while 26 patients (11.9%) received remdesivir and two patients (0.9%) needed to additional target
therapy with Iinterleukin-6 inhibitor of Tocilizumab due to cytokine storm.

Conclusion:
During B.1.617.2 circulating variant, all vaccines after a complete vaccination schedule
were relatively associated with protection against severe infection and hospitalization. We
found that people who received the Sinopharm vaccine had the lowest incidence of COVID-19
(18.7%), followed by Bharat. The lowest incidence of protection occurred with viral vector-based
vaccines, especially AstraZeneca.
The Impact of Acute COVID-19 Infection on Sleep Disorders: A Real-life
Descriptive Study during the Outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic in
Vietnam
Authors: Duong-Quy Sy , Nguyen-Van Toi , Nguyen-Tuan Anh , Tang-Thi-Thao Tram , Nguyen-Hoang Quan , Tran-Van Huong , Vo-Thi-Kim Anh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Sleep has an essential role in restoring brain activity and balancing physiological,
immune, and metabolic factors in the body. Individuals, after being infected with
COVID-19, have been reported to have quite a lot of symptoms related to sleep disorders, so we
conducted this study to evaluate sleep disorders in patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
This study involved a cross-sectional design; 547 patients hospitalised due to COVID-19
and aged 18 years and above were included. The study used the questionnaire designed by the Vietnam
Society of Sleep Medicine (VSSM). Collected data were statistically analyzed and results
have been obtained using SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:
Nightmares have been found to be increased by 10.1%, sleep quality decreased by 51.2%,
and insomnia increased by 19%, compared to pre-infection. There were 24% of participants with
daytime sleepiness syndrome, 23% with symptoms of memory impairment, 17% with unexplained
anxiety and frustration, and 10% with loud snoring. In addition, the manifestations of sleep disorders
also became more and more severe than before the infection. 68.4% of subjects were not satisfied
with their current sleeping, 29.1% had sleep difficulties, including maintaining sleep, and
19.4% had trouble falling asleep.

Conclusion:
Sleep disturbance is a critical and common medical condition in COVID-19 patients.
It is necessary to have appropriate treatment measures for insomnia in COVID-19 patients to help
improve their health status and avoid post-COVID-19 sequelae.
Guavira Fruit Pomace Promotes Immunomodulation and Reduction of
Tumor Growth in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats
Authors: Zulin Natália Eirão , Martins Carolina Garcia , Appel Márcia Helena , da Silva Coutinho Débora Salles , Bialli Amanda Plaça , Bronoski Daiana Milena , Carvalhal Stephanie Rubianne Silva , dos Santos Elisvania Freitas , Loubet Filho Paulo Sérgio , Bonatto Sandro José Ribeiro , Fernandes Luiz Cláudio , Cordeiro Lucimara Mach Côrtes , Iagher Fabíola 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Guavira fruit is widely used for juice extraction purposes, and this process
generates large amounts of pomace (waste). Guavira pomace was dried and milled to produce
guavira pomace flour (GPF), which is rich in antioxidants and dietary fibers (polysaccharides). These
compounds are known for their immunomodulatory and antitumor effects.

Objective:
To investigate whether GPF intake promotes immunomodulation and reduces Walker
256 tumor growth in rats.

Methods:
GPF was provided to Wistar rats in two different models: 1) 15-day Model, according to
which, Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats received GPF (63 mg/200 g b.w./day) simultaneously to tumor
growth for 15 days; 2) 45-day Model, according to which, tumor-bearing rats received GPF
for 30 days before tumor cell implantation, as well as during tumor growth - it totaled 45 days. After
animals were euthanized, tumors were collected and weighed, and tumor cells were isolated for
proliferation capacity determination ex vivo. Enzymatic/colorimetric methods were used to determine
resident peritoneal macrophages’ functionality, whereas blood T and B lymphocytes were assayed
for proliferation capacity, ex vivo, under stimuli.

Results:
The 15-day Model did not show tumor mass or cell proliferation reduction in the treated
group. GPF stimulated macrophage response in tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing rats. However,
there was a substantial reduction in tumor mass and tumor cell proliferation under the 45-day
Model. Macrophage and lymphocyte response decreased; it suggested that GPF can directly act in
the tumor.

Conclusion:
Based on these findings, GPF has immunomodulatory and antitumor actions, and ingestion
time plays a key role in them.
Immunological Evaluation of Pediatric Patients with Polyautoimmunity
Authors: Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Tavakol Marzieh , Aghamahdi Fatemeh , Sadri Homa , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Jamee Mahnaz , Noorian Shahab , Alaei Mohammad Reza , Ashkevari Pooya , Anaya Juan-Manuel , Abolhassani Hassan , Ochs Hans D , Azizi Gholamreza 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Autoimmunity can be the first or predominant manifestation in patients with primary
immunodeficiency disorder, also known as inborn errors of immunity (IEI). This study aims to evaluate
the immune status of pediatric patients with polyautoimmunity to identify those with underlying immune
defects.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, pediatric patients with polyautoimmunity including at least one
confirmed autoimmune endocrine disease were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected
using a questionnaire based on medical records and direct family interviews. For each patient, a basic immunologic
evaluation was performed. The clinical diagnosis was established according to the criteria of the
European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID). Based on the presence or absence of a history of severe
and/or recurrent infections, patients were divided into two groups for comparison.

Results:
Thirty-nine patients, 18 males (46.2%) and 21 females (53.8%), were included. Fourteen patients
(35.9%) had consanguineous parents. Fifteen patients (38.5%) had a history of severe and/or recurrent infections.
The median (interquartile range: IQR) age of our patients at the time of evaluation was 11.1 (9-16)
years. The median (IQR) age at the onset of infections and autoimmunities were 3 (1-10.8) and 5 (2.6-8)
years, respectively. The most common infectious complications reported were pneumonia and candidiasis,
each in 12.8% of the patients. The most prevalent autoimmune disorders were type 1 diabetes (74.3%) and
autoimmune thyroiditis (58.9%). IEI was diagnosed in six patients (15.38%), five of which were from the
group with severe or recurrent infections: three with selective IgA deficiency, two with common variable
immunodeficiency (CVID), and one with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, Xlinked
(IPEX), but without a history of infections.

Conclusion:
The occurrence of early onset polyautoimmunity in association with severe and/or recurrent
infections or in patients with a positive family history should be a warning sign for physicians to initiate an
evaluation for possible immunodeficiency disorders to prevent complications through early treatment.
Review of Development and Application of Main Micro-hydraulic Components and Key Technologies
Authors: Jianying Li , Guodong Qu , Shuai Xie , Chen Peng 
Published: September 2023

:
Micro-hydraulic components and key technologies are important directions of fluid
transmission and control, which are widely used in the national defense industry, production line
conveying equipment, exoskeleton robot, and more.

:
The current development status of miniature hydraulic components and key technologies is summarized,
and the existing advantages of hydraulic components and technology are pointed out, and the
research object is focused on relevant papers and patents.

:
We study the beneficial effects of the existing microcomponents and technologies, the performance
indexes of typical products, and the latest progress in their structure innovation, material replacement,
testing methods, and processing technology are summarized.

:
Typical achievements, core components, and manufacturing aspects are studied in-depth. They become
smaller with increased output power and find more diverse scenarios with advancing technology
maturity.

:
By improving the hardware structure of the existing miniature hydraulic component, and constantly
innovating the processing technology, miniature hydraulic components will improve their efficiency
and power density and will focus on further miniaturization in the future.
A Model to Validate Different Inflections of Assamese Verbs
Authors: Sarma Parismita , Bhuyan Manash Pratim , Kalita Chandamita , Upadhyaya Varsha 
Published: September 2023

:
A verb in a sentence defines the action to be performed and keeps the subject of the sentence in motion. Assamese is a language spoken by millions of people in Assam, a North Eastern state of India. In the Assamese language, different inflections of verbs express the tense of the action, whether it is present, past or future. Verbs are inflected according to person, number, gender, tense, and voice, thus showing their existence in different situations. In this research work, we have built a tool to check whether an Assamese verb form is valid or invalid. After checking the validity, it also displays the meaning of the inflected form of the root verb in English. The root verbs are conjugated with the inflectional morphemes, and inflected verb forms are recorded.

Background:
This work is completely new and done by the authors for the Assamese language. To build this tool, a few research papers on this language were studied, and a summary of them is written in the Related Work section.

Methods:
In this experiment, 72 root verbs and 132 inflections were used. GUI was designed by using Tkinter in Python. The inflected verb form passed through three modules consisting of different searching techniques. Assamese corpus, Google search, Assamese Wikipedia, and Manual evaluation, respectively.

Result:
Finally, 662 Assamese valid verb forms were found that have meaning and are used in a different context. Corpus search, Google search, Assamese Wikipedia and Manual Evaluation gave 232, 733, 550 and 112 numbers of overall search results accordingly.

Novelty:
This paper presents a novel validation framework for Assamese language verb inflections, which could help the linguistic community better comprehend verb inflection patterns and linguistic diversity. The manuscript explores the inflections of a lesser-known low-resource language that would be beneficial. This study could be considered as innovative and important because it has applications in areas like speech recognition, machine translation, and natural language processing.

Social Implication:
The linguistic community would benefit greatly from the creation of a new, freely accessible, user-friendly interface intended exclusively for validating Assamese verb inflections. The approaches used here to recognize correct inflections of Assamese verbs have been performed with in-depth analysis. The approach could have implications for language learning and education, improving machine translation and natural language processing systems. Validating the verb inflections may help in raising the awareness and recognition of research focused on underdeveloped or marginalized languages. As a result, speakers of these languages might have more equitable access to information, resources, and opportunities, thus resulting in a decrease in linguistic prejudice.
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The East-West Difference
Authors: Feng Maple Ye , Chan Stephen L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly prevalent, which contributes to the high disease
burden worldwide. It was recognized as the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading
cause of mortality in cancer patients in the Global Cancer Statistics 2018. The management of HCC
between eastern and western countries varies from region to region due to the different epidemiology
of HCC and the approach of clinicians. Over the past decades, the multidisciplinary team approach
has taken a leading role in the therapeutic paradigm of HCC, and the main treatment options
include, but are not limited to 1) surgical resection; 2) transarterial chemoembolization (TACE); and
3) systemic therapies. Among these, surgical resection and TACE are applicable in earlyintermediate
stage HCC with curative intent, while systemic therapies are mostly applied to advanced
unresectable HCC. An individualized approach should be encouraged and tailored for each
patient, taking into account the different patient population, staging, and treatment responses to
achieve the best efficacy. This review discusses current advances and compares the eastern and
western treatment options in the management of HCC.