bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frictional fluid instabilities shaped by viscous forces
Authors: Zhang Dawang , Campbell James M. , Eriksen Jon A. , Flekkøy Eirik G. , Måløy Knut Jørgen , MacMinn Christopher W. , Sandnes Bjørnar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMultiphase flows involving granular materials are complex and prone to pattern formation caused by competing mechanical and hydrodynamic interactions. Here we study the interplay between granular bulldozing and the stabilising effect of viscous pressure gradients in the invading fluid. Injection of aqueous solutions into layers of dry, hydrophobic grains represent a viscously stable scenario where we observe a transition from growth of a single frictional finger to simultaneous growth of multiple fingers as viscous forces are increased. The pattern is made more compact by the internal viscous pressure gradient, ultimately resulting in a fully stabilised front of frictional fingers advancing as a radial spoke pattern.
Designing architected materials for mechanical compression via simulation, deep learning, and experimentation
Authors: Lew Andrew J. , Jin Kai , Buehler Markus J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArchitected materials can achieve enhanced properties compared to their plain counterparts. Specific architecting serves as a powerful design lever to achieve targeted behavior without changing the base material. Thus, the connection between architected structure and resultant properties remains an open field of great interest to many fields, from aerospace to civil to automotive applications. Here, we focus on properties related to mechanical compression, and design hierarchical honeycomb structures to meet specific values of stiffness and compressive stress. To do so, we employ a combination of techniques in a singular workflow, starting with molecular dynamics simulation of the forward design problem, augmenting with data-driven artificial intelligence models to address the inverse design problem, and verifying the behavior of de novo structures with experimentation of additively manufactured samples. We thereby demonstrate an approach for architected design that is generalizable to multiple material properties and agnostic to the identity of the base material.
Kohn–Sham time-dependent density functional theory with Tamm–Dancoff approximation on massively parallel GPUs
Authors: Kim Inkoo , Jeong Daun , Son Won-Joon , Kim Hyung-Jin , Rhee Young Min , Jung Yongsik , Choi Hyeonho , Yim Jinkyu , Jang Inkook , Kim Dae Sin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report a high-performance multi graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation of the Kohn–Sham time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the Tamm–Dancoff approximation. Our algorithm on massively parallel computing systems using multiple parallel models in tandem scales optimally with material size, considerably reducing the computational wall time. A benchmark TDDFT study was performed on a green fluorescent protein complex composed of 4353 atoms with 40,518 atomic orbitals represented by Gaussian-type functions, demonstrating the effect of distant protein residues on the excitation. As the largest molecule attempted to date to the best of our knowledge, the proposed strategy demonstrated reasonably high efficiencies up to 256 GPUs on a custom-built state-of-the-art GPU computing system with Nvidia A100 GPUs. We believe that our GPU-oriented algorithms, which empower first-principles simulation for very large-scale applications, may render deeper understanding of the molecular basis of material behaviors, eventually revealing new possibilities for breakthrough designs on new material systems.
Localized corrosion and repassivation behaviors of additively manufactured titanium alloys in simulated biomedical solutions
Authors: Seo Dong-Il , Lee Jae-Bong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe localized corrosion behavior of additively manufactured (AM) titanium alloys is studied based on the relation between pitting potentials, the flux of oxygen vacancies in a passive film, and the repassivation rate using potentiodynamic polarization, Mott–Schottky, and an abrading electrode techniques. The relationship between the localized corrosion resistance and the repassivation behaviors of AM titanium alloys was explained by the survival probability constant based upon the point defect model which describe the generated oxygen vacancies and accumulated cation vacancies affect the occurrence of the localized corrosion. Localized corrosion can be initiated by survival pits under sufficient conditions of the breakdown passive films. Survival probability is constant means a quantitative probability value of the transition from metastable pit to stable pit to occur localized corrosion. The higher the survival probability constant of AM titanium alloys, the more difficult repassivation and the easier occurrence of localized corrosion.
Pluripotent stem cell-derived committed cardiac progenitors remuscularize damaged ischemic hearts and improve their function in pigs
Authors: Yap Lynn , Chong Li Yen , Tan Clarissa , Adusumalli Swarnaseetha , Seow Millie , Guo Jing , Cai Zuhua , Loo Sze Jie , Lim Eric , Tan Ru San , Grishina Elina , Soong Poh Loong , Lath Narayan , Ye Lei , Petretto Enrico , Tryggvason Karl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIschemic heart disease, which is often associated with irreversibly damaged heart muscle, is a major global health burden. Here, we report the potential of stem cell-derived committed cardiac progenitors (CCPs) have in regenerative cardiology. Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells were differentiated to CCPs on a laminin 521 + 221 matrix, characterized with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, and transplanted into infarcted pig hearts. CCPs differentiated for eleven days expressed a set of genes showing higher expression than cells differentiated for seven days. Functional heart studies revealed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction at four and twelve weeks following transplantation. We also observed significant improvements in ventricular wall thickness and a reduction in infarction size after CCP transplantation (p-value < 0.05). Immunohistology analyses revealed in vivo maturation of the CCPs into cardiomyocytes (CM). We observed temporary episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) in four pigs and persistent VT in one pig, but the remaining five pigs exhibited normal sinus rhythm. Importantly, all pigs survived without the formation of any tumors or VT-related abnormalities. We conclude that pluripotent stem cell-derived CCPs constitute a promising possibility for myocardial infarction treatment and that they may positively impact regenerative cardiology.
Strategies for oral delivery of bioactive peptides with focus on debittering and masking
Authors: Mirzapour-Kouhdasht Armin , McClements David Julian , Taghizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Niazi Ali , Garcia-Vaquero Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein hydrolysis is a process used in the food industry to generate bioactive peptides of low molecular weight and with additional health benefits, such as antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties that are often associated with their content on hydrophobic amino acids. This results in an increased bitterness of the products, making them less desirable for their use in food formulations. This review summarizes the main dietary sources of bitter bioactive peptides, including methods to determine their bitterness, such as the Q-values and electronic tongue; and the main factors and mechanisms underlying the bitterness of these compounds. The main strategies currently used to improve the taste and oral delivery of bioactive peptides are also discussed together with the main advantages and drawbacks of each technique. Debittering and masking techniques are reported in detail, including active carbon treatments, alcohol extraction, isoelectric precipitation, chromatographic methods, and additional hydrolytic processes. Other masking or blocking techniques, including the use of inhibitors, such as modified starch, taurine, glycine, and polyphosphates, as well as chemical modifications, such as amination, deamination, acetylation, or cross-linking were also discussed. The findings of this work highlight encapsulation as a highly effective method for masking the bitter taste and promoting the bioactivity of peptides compared to other traditional debittering and masking processes. In conclusion, the article suggests that advanced encapsulation technologies can serve as an effective means to mitigate the bitterness associated with bioactive peptides, while simultaneously preserving their biological activity, increasing their viability in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
Using a willingness to wait design to assess how readers value text
Authors: Bains Amrita , Spaulding Carina , Ricketts Jessie , Krishnan Saloni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat affects moment-to-moment motivation to read? Existing reading motivation questionnaires are trait-based and not well suited to capturing the dynamic, situational influences of text or social context. Drawing on the decision science literature, we have created a paradigm to measure situational enjoyment during reading. Using this paradigm, we find reading enjoyment is associated with further decision-making about the text and with reading comprehension.
SensEURCity: A multi-city air quality dataset collected for 2020/2021 using open low-cost sensor systems
Authors: Van Poppel Martine , Schneider Philipp , Peters Jan , Yatkin Sinan , Gerboles Michel , Matheeussen Christina , Bartonova Alena , Davila Silvije , Signorini Marco , Vogt Matthias , Dauge Franck René , Skaar Jøran Solnes , Haugen Rolf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow-cost air quality sensor systems can be deployed at high density, making them a significant candidate of complementary tools for improved air quality assessment. However, they still suffer from poor or unknown data quality. In this paper, we report on a unique dataset including the raw sensor data of quality-controlled sensor networks along with co-located reference data sets. Sensor data are collected using the AirSensEUR sensor system, including sensors to monitor NO, NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5, PM10, PM1, CO2 and meteorological parameters. In total, 85 sensor systems were deployed throughout a year in three European cities (Antwerp, Oslo and Zagreb), resulting in a dataset comprising different meteorological and ambient conditions. The main data collection included two co-location campaigns in different seasons at an Air Quality Monitoring Station (AQMS) in each city and a deployment at various locations in each city (also including locations at other AQMSs). The dataset consists of data files with sensor and reference data, and metadata files with description of locations, deployment dates and description of sensors and reference instruments.
A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea
Authors: Gosline George , Bidault Ehoarn , van der Burgt Xander , Cahen Daniel , Challen Gill , Condé Nagnouma , Couch Charlotte , Couvreur Thomas L. P. , Dagallier Léo-Paul M. J. , Darbyshire Iain , Dawson Sally , Doré Tokpa Seny , Goyder David , Grall Aurélie , Haba Pépé , Haba Pierre , Harris David , Hind D. J. Nicholas , Jongkind Carel , Konomou Gbamon , Larridon Isabel , Lewis Gwilym , Ley Alexandra , Lock Michael , Lucas Eve , Magassouba Sékou , Mayo Simon , Molmou Denise , Monro Alexandre , Onana Jean Michel , Paiva Jorge , Paton Alan , Phillips Sylvia , Prance Ghillean , Quintanar Alejandro , Rokni Saba , Shah Toral , Schrire Brian , Schuiteman André , Simões Ana Rita Giraldes , Sosef Marc , Stévart Tariq , Stone R. Doug , Utteridge Tim , Wilkin Paul , Xanthos Martin , Nic Lughadha Eimear , Cheek Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea (CVPRG) is a specimen-based, expert-validated knowledge product, which provides a concise synthesis and overview of current knowledge on 3901 vascular plant species documented from Guinea (Conakry), West Africa, including their accepted names and synonyms, as well as their distribution and status within Guinea (indigenous or introduced, endemic or not). The CVPRG is generated automatically from the Guinea Collections Database and the Guinea Names Backbone Database, both developed and maintained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in collaboration with the staff of the National Herbarium of Guinea. A total of 3505 indigenous vascular plant species are reported of which 3328 are flowering plants (angiosperms); this represents a 26% increase in known indigenous angiosperms since the last floristic overview. Intended as a reference for scientists documenting the diversity and distribution of the Guinea flora, the CVPRG will also inform those seeking to safeguard the rich plant diversity of Guinea and the societal, ecological and economic benefits accruing from these biological resources.
Global 30 meters spatiotemporal 3D urban expansion dataset from 1990 to 2010
Authors: He Tingting , Wang Kechao , Xiao Wu , Xu Suchen , Li Mengmeng , Yang Runjia , Yue Wenze 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of global 3D urban expansion over time is becoming increasingly crucial for achieving long-term development goals. In this study, we generated a global dataset of annual urban 3D expansion (1990–2010) using World Settlement Footprint 2015 data, GAIA data, and ALOS AW3D30 data with a three-step technical framework: (1) extracting the global constructed land to generate the research area, (2) neighborhood analysis to calculate the original normalized DSM and slope height of each pixel in the study area, and (3) slope correction for areas with a slope greater than 10° to improve the accuracy of estimated building heights. The cross-validation results indicate that our dataset is reliable in the United States(R2 = 0.821), Europe(R2 = 0.863), China(R2 = 0.796), and across the world(R2 = 0.811). As we know, this is the first 30-meter 3D urban expansion dataset across the globe, which can give unique information to understand and address the implications of urbanization on food security, biodiversity, climate change, and public well-being and health.
A Chinese soil conservation dataset preventing soil water erosion from 1992 to 2019
Authors: Li Jialei , He Hongbin , Zeng Qinghua , Chen Liding , Sun Ranhao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil conservation service (SC) is defined as the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to control soil erosion and protect soil function. A long-term and high-resolution estimation of SC is urgent for ecological assessment and land management on a large scale. Here, a 300-m resolution Chinese soil conservation dataset (CSCD) from 1992 to 2019, for the first time, is established based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The RUSLE modelling was conducted based on five key parameters, including the rainfall erosivity (interpolation of daily rainfall), land cover management (provincial data), conservation practices (weighted by terrain and crop types), topography (30 m), and soil properties (250 m). The dataset agrees with previous measurements in all basins (R2 > 0.5) and other regional simulations. Compared with current studies, the dataset has long-term, large-scale, and relatively high-resolution characteristics. This dataset will serve as a base to open out the mechanism of SC variations in China and could help assess the ecological effects of land management policies.
Estimation of drinking water volume of laboratory animals based on image processing
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Liu Feiyi , Zeng Qingliang , Yin Xiang , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper describes an image processing-based technique used to measure the volume of residual water in the drinking water bottle for the laboratory mouse. This technique uses a camera to capture the bottle's image and then processes the image to calculate the volume of water in the bottle. Firstly, the Grabcut method separates the foreground and background to avoid the influence of background on image feature extraction. Then Canny operator was used to detect the edge of the water bottle and the edge of the liquid surface. The cumulative probability Hough detection identified the water bottle edge line segment and the liquid surface line segment from the edge image. Finally, the spatial coordinate system is constructed, and the length of each line segment on the water bottle is calculated by using plane analytical geometry. Then the volume of water is calculated. By comparing image processing time, the pixel number of liquid level, and other indexes, the optimal illuminance and water bottle color were obtained. The experimental results show that the average deviation rate of this method is less than 5%, which significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of measurement compared with traditional manual measurement.
Design of optimal Elman Recurrent Neural Network based prediction approach for biofuel production
Authors: Kumar N. Paramesh , Vijayabaskar S. , Murali L. , Ramaswamy Krishnaraj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenewable sources like biofuels have gained significant attention to meet the rising demands of energy supply. Biofuels find useful in several domains of energy generation such as electricity, power, or transportation. Due to the environmental benefits of biofuel, it has gained significant attention in the automotive fuel market. Since the handiness of biofuels become essential, effective models are required to handle and predict the biofuel production in realtime. Deep learning techniques have become a significant technique to model and optimize bioprocesses. In this view, this study designs a new optimal Elman Recurrent Neural Network (OERNN) based prediction model for biofuel prediction, called OERNN-BPP. The OERNN-BPP technique pre-processes the raw data by the use of empirical mode decomposition and fine to coarse reconstruction model. In addition, ERNN model is applied to predict the productivity of biofuel. In order to improve the predictive performance of the ERNN model, a hyperparameter optimization process takes place using political optimizer (PO). The PO is used to optimally select the hyper parameters of the ERNN such as learning rate, batch size, momentum, and weight decay. On the benchmark dataset, a sizable number of simulations are run, and the outcomes are examined from several angles. The simulation results demonstrated the suggested model's advantage over more current methods for estimating the output of biofuels.
Multi-task learning approach for utilizing temporal relations in natural language understanding tasks
Authors: Lim Chae-Gyun , Jeong Young-Seob , Choi Ho-Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVarious studies have been conducted on multi-task learning techniques in natural language understanding (NLU), which build a model capable of processing multiple tasks and providing generalized performance. Most documents written in natural languages contain time-related information. It is essential to recognize such information accurately and utilize it to understand the context and overall content of a document while performing NLU tasks. In this study, we propose a multi-task learning technique that includes a temporal relation extraction task in the training process of NLU tasks such that the trained model can utilize temporal context information from the input sentences. To utilize the characteristics of multi-task learning, an additional task that extracts temporal relations from given sentences was designed, and the multi-task model was configured to learn in combination with the existing NLU tasks on Korean and English datasets. Performance differences were analyzed by combining NLU tasks to extract temporal relations. The accuracy of the single task for temporal relation extraction is 57.8 and 45.1 for Korean and English, respectively, and improves up to 64.2 and 48.7 when combined with other NLU tasks. The experimental results confirm that extracting temporal relations can improve its performance when combined with other NLU tasks in multi-task learning, compared to dealing with it individually. Also, because of the differences in linguistic characteristics between Korean and English, there are different task combinations that positively affect extracting the temporal relations.
Experimental hierarchy of two-qubit quantum correlations without state tomography
Authors: Abo Shilan , Soubusta Jan , Jiráková Kateřina , Bartkiewicz Karol , Černoch Antonín , Lemr Karel , Miranowicz Adam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA Werner state, which is the singlet Bell state affected by white noise, is a prototype example of states, which can reveal a hierarchy of quantum entanglement, steering, and Bell nonlocality by controlling the amount of noise. However, experimental demonstrations of this hierarchy in a sufficient and necessary way (i.e., by applying measures or universal witnesses of these quantum correlations) have been mainly based on full quantum state tomography, corresponding to measuring at least 15 real parameters of two-qubit states. Here we report an experimental demonstration of this hierarchy by measuring only six elements of a correlation matrix depending on linear combinations of two-qubit Stokes parameters. We show that our experimental setup can also reveal the hierarchy of these quantum correlations of generalized Werner states, which are any two-qubit pure states affected by white noise.
Chimera patterns in conservative Hamiltonian systems and Bose–Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms
Authors: Lau Hon Wai Hana , Davidsen Jörn , Simon Christoph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExperimental realizations of chimera patterns, characterized by coexisting regions of phase coherence and incoherence, have so far been achieved for non-conservative systems with dissipation and exclusively in classical settings. The possibility of observing chimera patterns in quantum systems has rarely been studied and it remains an open question if chimera patterns can exist in closed, or conservative quantum systems. Here, we tackle these challenges by first proposing a conservative Hamiltonian system with nonlocal hopping, where the energy is well-defined and conserved. We show explicitly that such a system can exhibit chimera patterns. Then we propose a physical mechanism for the nonlocal hopping by using an additional mediating channel. This leads us to propose a possible experimentally realizable quantum system based on a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with a spin-dependent optical lattice, where an untrapped component serves as the matter-wave mediating field. In this BEC system, nonlocal spatial hopping over tens of lattice sites can be achieved and simulations suggest that chimera patterns should be observable in certain parameter regimes.