bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Z‐type heterojunction SiCf/g‐C3N4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light
Authors: Guo Huahua , Gao Shengwang , Chai Xu , Shi Yilin , Gao Jianfeng 
Published: January 2023

Novel visible light‐driven silicon carbide‐based composites were prepared via in situ deposition of g‐C3N4 on fibrous SiC. The X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer characterization showed that a Z‐type heterojunction was formed. According to the UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and (αhv)1/2 versus hv plots, it was demonstrated that the addition of g‐C3N4 extended the light absorption of the sample in visible light, narrowing its band gap. The EIS plots and PL spectra showed an increase in the efficiency of the charge carriers' mobility of the sample and a decrease in the recombination of its photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The photocatalytic degradation experiments showed that using a 0.03‐g·L−1 suspension concentration and a pollutant concentration of 10 mg·L−1, the degradation rate under visible light irradiation was 100 and 3.6 times higher than that of bare SiCf and g‐C3N4, respectively. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on reactive species capture experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance showing that ·O2− and e− were the active entities.
Synthesis of bio‐polyurethanes with isosorbide and propanediol based poly(lactic acid) diol
Authors: dos Santos Silva Ingridy Dayane , Albuquerque Ananda , Boskamp Laura , Ries Andreas , Haag Katharina , Koschek Katharina , Wellen Renate 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSynthesis of bio‐polyurethane (Bio‐PU) using isosorbide (ISO) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) diols, (propanediol based poly(lactic acid) (PLAP) and PLA esterified with Soybean oil (PLASO)) and pentamethylene (PDI) isocyanate were performed. Crosslinked Bio‐PUs were obtained, and the details of the curing kinetics were determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Distinct curing behaviors between Bio‐PUs with different PLA diol formulations were observed. The addition of PLAP and PLASO increased the curing conversion at approximately 460% higher than Bio‐PU without PLA content, as verified by FTIR. The curing peak temperature (Tp) of Bio‐PUs with PLAP ranged from 94 to 163°C, while for PLASO Tp was 132–175°C. Bio‐PUs based on PLA diols displayed lower activation energy (Ea) during curing as demonstrated using Friedman model, and higher thermal stability as evidenced through thermogravimetric analyses. Reported data offer reliable tools to evaluate the best rote to synthesize biobased polyurethane and manipulate the degree of crosslinking based on composition and processing conditions, allowing product processing to the desired application.
Optimization of scuba diving activities in a Mediterranean marine protected area based on benthic vulnerability assessment
Authors: Betti Federico , Enrichetti Francesco , Garetto Claudia , Merotto Lorenzo , Cappanera Valentina , Venturini Sara , Bavestrello Giorgio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Scuba diving has become an increasingly popular recreational activity, involving approximately 6 million active divers worldwide.
The high frequency of diving can impact the benthic communities of marine protected areas (MPAs), possibly jeopardizing the beneficial effects of protection.
The Portofino MPA, in the Ligurian Sea, is one of the main scuba diving destinations in Europe, with up to 40,000 dives per year concentrated along 6.5 km of coast.
The vulnerability of megabenthic (i.e. animals larger than 5 cm) communities to scuba diving impacts was evaluated at four different depths at all MPA diving spots with close attention to the fragility of all observed species, their frequency in the transects and the inclination and type of substrates.
The most vulnerable spots lie below 30‐m depth and are characterized by complex coralligenous biocoenoses rich in erect, fragile carbonatic species.
The results allowed scuba diving management within the MPA to be optimized. Two main responses have already been put in place: (i) the promotion of a mandatory course for ‘Underwater Environmental Supervisors’ directed at local divemasters, instructors and owners of diving centres; and (ii) the proposal for the application of conservation measures to scuba diving activities.
Ontogenetic transformation of the cartilaginous nasal capsule in mammals, a review with new observations on bats
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Ruf Irina , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nasal capsule, as the most rostral part of the chondrocranium, is a critical point of connection with the facial skeleton. Its fate may influence facial form, and the varied fates of cartilage may be a vehicle contributing to morphological diversity. Here, we review ontogenetic changes in the cartilaginous nasal capsule of mammals, and make new observations on perinatal specimens of two chiropteran species of different suborders. Our observations reveal some commonalities between Rousettus leschenaultii and Desmodus rotundus, such as perinatal ossification of the first ethmoturbinal. However, in Rousettus, ossification of turbinals is demonstrated as either perichondrial or endochondral. In Desmodus, perichondrial and endochondral ossification of the posterior nasal cupula is observed at birth, a part of the nasal capsule previously shown to persist as cartilage into infancy in Rousettus. Combined with prior findings on cranial cartilages we identify several diverse transformational mechanisms by which cartilage as a tissue type may contribute to morphological diversity of the cranium. First, cartilage differentiates in an iterative fashion to increase nasal complexity, but still retains the capacity for later elaboration via de novo bone emanating outward before or after cartilage ossifies. Second, cartilage acts as a driver of growth at growth centers, or via interstitial growth (e.g., septal cartilage). Finally, cartilage as a tissue may influence the timing of ossification and union of the facial and basicranial skeleton. In particular, cartilage at certain points of ontogeny may “model” via selective resorption, showing some similarity to bone.
Association of Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity With the Expansion of Blood Memory B and T Cell Subsets Lacking Follicular Markers
Authors: Gofshteyn Jacqueline S. , Mansfield Leanne , Spitznagle Jacob , Balasubramanian Preetha , Cardenas Jacob , Miller Thomas , Gu Jinghua , Wang Xuan , Punaro Marilynn , Fuller Julie , Nassi Lorien , Stewart Katie , Ohouo Marina , Stagnar Cristy , Baisch Jeanine , Walters Lynnette , Wang Yuanyuan , Yan Helena , Rinchai Darawan , Chaussabel Damien , Caielli Simone , Hong Seunghee , Onel Karen , Wright Tracey , Pascual Virginia 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify blood markers of juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) disease activity (DA), which are needed to improve disease management.MethodsThe study comprised a total of 123 juvenile DM patients and 53 healthy controls. Results of laboratory tests (aldolase, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], aspartate aminotransferase) and clinical measures of DA in patients with juvenile DM, including the Manual Muscle Testing in 8 muscles (MMT‐8), Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS), and disease activity scores (DAS) (total DAS for juvenile DM, the muscle DAS, and the skin DAS), were recorded when available. Surface phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Whole blood transcriptional profiles were studied using either RNA‐sequencing or microarrays. Differential gene expression was determined using DESeq and compared by pathway and gene ontology analyses.ResultsConventional memory (CD27+IgD–) B cells expressing low CXCR5 levels (CXCR5low/– CM B cells) were significantly increased in frequency and absolute numbers in 2 independent cohorts of juvenile DM patients compared with healthy controls. The frequency of CD4+ Th2 memory cells (CD45RA–CXCR5–CCR6–CXCR3–) was also increased in juvenile DM, especially in patients who were within <1 year from diagnosis. The frequency of CXCR5low/– CM B cells correlated with serum aldolase levels and with a blood interferon‐stimulated gene transcriptional signature. Furthermore, both the frequency and absolute numbers of CXCR5low/– CM B cells correlated with clinical and laboratory measures of muscle DA (MMT‐8, CMAS, aldolase, and LDH).ConclusionThese findings suggest that both CM B cells lacking the CXCR5 follicular marker and CXCR5– Th2 cells represent potential biomarkers of DA in juvenile DM and may contribute to its pathogenesis.
Screening Carbon‐Boron Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Small‐Molecule Activation including N2, O2, CO, CO2, CS2, H2O and CH4: A Computational Study
Authors: Zeng Jie , Qiu Rulin , Zhu Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDinitrogen (N2) activation is particularly challenging under ambient conditions because of its large highest occupied molecular orbital‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gap (10.8 eV) and high bond dissociation energy (945 kJ mol−1) of the N≡N triple bond, attracting considerable attention from both experimental and theoretical chemists. However, most effort has focused on metallic systems. In contrast, nitrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been initiated recently via theoretical calculations. Here we perform density functional theory (DFT) calculations to screen a series of experimentally viable FLPs for small‐molecule activation including N2, O2, CO, CO2, CS2, H2O and CH4. In addition, aromaticity is found to play an important role in most of these small‐molecule activation. The particularly thermodynamic stabilities of the activation products and low reaction barriers could be a step forward for the development of FLP towards small‐molecule activation including N2, inviting experimental chemists’ verification.
Metabolism and pharmacokinetic study of deuterated osimertinib
Authors: Zhan Xuyi , Bao Shaoyin , Li Xumei , Zhou Shaojun , Dahar Maha Raja , Lin Nengming , Chen Xiugui , Niu Chengshan , Ji Kaige , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Kui , Tang Zhihua , Yu Lushan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOsimertinib is a highly selective third‐generation irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor mutant, which can be utilized to treat non‐small cell lung cancer. As the substrate of cytochrome P450 enzyme, it is mainly metabolized by the CYP3A enzyme in humans. Among the metabolites produced by osimertinib, AZ5104, and AZ7550, which are demethylated that is most vital. Nowadays, deuteration is a new design approach for several drugs. This popular strategy is deemed to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the original drugs. Therefore, in this study the metabolism profiles of osimertinib and its deuterated compound (osimertinib‐d3) in liver microsomes and human recombinant cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and the pharmacokinetics in rats and humans were compared. After deuteration, its kinetic isotope effect greatly inhibited the metabolic pathway that produces AZ5104. The plasma concentration of the key metabolite AZ5104 of osimertinib‐d3 in rats and humans decreased significantly compared with that of the osimertinib. This phenomenon was consistent with the results of the metabolism studies in vitro. In addition, the in vivo results indicated that osimertinib‐d3 had higher systemic exposure (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) compared with the osimertinib in rats and human body.
SHEAR saliva collection device augments sample properties for improved analytical performance
Authors: Song Shang Wei , Gupta Rashi , Jothilingam Niharika , Qian Xinlei , Gu Yue , Lee V Vien , Sapanel Yoann , Allen David Michael , Wong John Eu Li , MacAry Paul , Ho Dean , Blasiak Agata 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite being a convenient clinical substrate for biomonitoring, saliva's widespread utilization has not yet been realized. The non‐Newtonian, heterogenous, and highly viscous nature of saliva complicate the development of automated fluid handling processes that are vital for accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, conventional saliva processing methods are resource and/or time intensive precluding certain testing capabilities, with these challenges aggravated during a pandemic. The conventional approaches may also alter analyte structure, reducing application opportunities in point‐of‐care diagnostics. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the SHEAR saliva collection device that mechanically processes saliva, in a rapid and resource‐efficient way. We demonstrate the device's impact on reducing saliva's viscosity, improving sample's uniformity, and increasing diagnostic performance of a COVID‐19 rapid antigen test. Additionally, a formal user experience study revealed generally positive comments. SHEAR saliva collection device may support realization of the saliva's potential, particularly in large‐scale and/or resource‐limited settings for global and community diagnostics.
Feeling known and informed: Serial qualitative interviews evaluating a consultation support intervention for patients with high‐grade glioma
Authors: Shepherd Sarah C. , Hacking Belinda , Wallace Louise M. , Murdoch Sarah E. , Belkora Jeff 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to support patients' engagement in shared decision making (SDM) are lacking within high‐grade glioma (HGG) healthcare. Consultation Planning, Recording and Summarising (CPRS) has shown evidence of increasing patient decision self‐efficacy, reducing uncertainty, and regret of decisions. This is the first study of CPRS within a HGG population and delivered over serial medical consultations.MethodA one‐arm prospective qualitative longitudinal design was used to evaluate the CPRS intervention and evaluated with participants at sequential clinic appointments depending on their care, in Edinburgh, Scotland. We report on serial semi structured interviews of 16 patients and their partners.ResultsConsultation planning before the consultation supported patients to feel known by strengthening the patient voice within the consultation. It prepared patients to actively participate in the consultation, despite the distressing nature of the content. Recording and summarising supported patients to understand their situation. The provision of a consultation record enabled accurate recall, a paced uptake of information and supported the family to feel fully informed. Ultimately, patients understood why decisions were being made rather than being part of making decisions.ConclusionsThe CPRS intervention helped patients to understand and to feel known by increasing patient capacity for communication in the consultation, with support before, during, and after the consultation. The intervention focused on preparing patients for SDM but patients did not perceive that they had meaningful choices to make. Further research could look at the inclusion of patient decision aids to support this process.
“There's not enough studies”: Views of black breast and ovarian cancer patients on research participation
Authors: Riggan Kirsten A. , Rousseau Abigail , Halyard Michele , James Sarah E. , Kelly Marion , Phillips Daphne , Allyse Megan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlack breast and ovarian cancer patients are underrepresented in clinical cancer trials disproportionate to the prevalence of these cancers in Black females. Historically, lower enrollment has been attributed to individualized factors, including medical mistrust, but more recently structural factors, including systemic racism, have received additional scrutiny. We interviewed Black women with a personal or family history of breast and ovarian cancer to understand their views and experiences related to research participation.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted via telephone or video conference and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for iterative themes related to the offer and participation in cancer clinical trials and research studies, impact on cancer care, and recommendations to increase enrollment of Black patients.ResultsSixty‐one Black women completed an interview. Participants expressed that Black women are underrepresented in cancer research, and that this negatively impacted their own care. Many cited past historical abuses, including the Tuskegee syphilis trial, as a potential factor for lower enrollment but suggested that lower enrollment was better understood in the context of the entirety of their healthcare experiences, including present‐day examples of patient mistreatment or dismissal. Participants suggested that proactive community engagement, transparency, and increased representation of Black research team members were strategies likely to foster trust and bolster research participation.Conclusion(s)Medical mistrust is only a partial factor in the lower participation of Black patients in cancer research. Researchers should implement the strategies identified by our participants to promote diverse enrollment and ensure that Black patients are included in future therapeutic advances.
Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity against Tribolium Castaneum of Thapsia garganica L. Seed Essential Oil
Authors: Khemis Eya , Mustapha Mayssa Ben , Chaieb Ikbel , Ascrizzi Roberta , Flamini Guido , Harrath Abdel Halim , Jannet Hichem Ben , Zardi‐Bergaoui Afifa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the several side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats to human health, and the development of pest resistance to insecticides, the use of alternative healthy, available and efficient agents in pest management strategies is necessary. Recently, the use of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants has shown significant potential for insect pest management. For this reason, the essential oil isolated from seeds of Thapsia garganica L. was investigated for the first time for its chemical profile, and its toxicity and repellency effects against Tribolium castaneum adults. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical composition by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the presence of 18 organic volatiles representing 96.8 % of the total constituents. The main compounds were 1,4‐dimethylazulene (51.3 %) followed by methyl palmitate (8.2 %), methyl linoleate (6.2 %) and costol (5.1 %). Concerning the repellent effect, results revealed that SEO (Seed Essential Oil) was very repellent towards T. castaneum adults, with 100 % repellency after 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited remarkable contact toxicity against T. castaneum (93.3 % of mortality) at the concentration of 10 % (v/v). The median lethal dose (LD50) of the topical application of the seed essential oil was 4.4 %. These encouraging outcomes suggested that the essential oil from T. garganica seeds could be considered a potent natural alternative to residual persistent and toxic insecticides.
Study of the effects of heat treatment on the composition, functionality, and oxidative and hydrolytic stability of oat
Authors: Jaksics Edina , Németh Renáta , Schall Eszter , Szentmiklóssy Marietta Klaudia Juhászné , Bidló Gábor , Simon Katalin , Tömösközi Sándor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOat poses a challenge to the processing industry due to its relatively high lipid content and lesser‐known technological properties. Our aim was to investigate the impact of an industrial heat treatment procedure on the hydrolysis and oxidation deterioration processes, technological properties, and molecular composition of different oat cultivars.FindingsThe results showed that heat treatment stopped the hydrolysis of the fatty acid effectively. However, this did not slow down the oxidation processes. The viscosity decreased in the dough system, while it increased in the slurry as a result of heat treatment. In the heat‐treated samples, the molecular size of some proteins and fiber components increased, the solubility of the fiber components decreased, and the starch composition changed.ConclusionsDuring the oxidation process, the periodicity of peroxide formation was identified. The modification of technological properties can be explained by the molecular size and solubility changes taking place in proteins and fiber components.Significance and NoveltyObserving and interpreting the periodicity of peroxide formation can be important in inhibiting oxidation processes. Furthermore, we took the first step in examining the properties and changes of oat macromolecules.
Recreational nitrous oxide induced subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: A case report
Authors: Simpson Kaitlyn , Mukherji Amit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNitrous oxide is a gas frequently used in the medical/dental field for anesthesia and analgesic purposes and in the food industry as a spray propellant or foaming agent. Overexposure can lead to subacute combined degeneration (SACD) of the spinal cord through the mechanism of vitamin B12 deficiency. Because this drug is easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, and legal to possess, it has potential to be abused for recreational purposes. The number of published cases of nitrous oxide abuse has been increasing since 2010. Large‐scale and long‐term use of nitrous oxide have been found to cause nerve damage from vitamin B12 deficiency, thromboembolic phenomenon from elevated homocysteine levels, and even death from hypoxia. A 44‐year‐old male patient with past medical history of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, on Metformin, presented for 1 month of worsening bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness. On initial physical examination, he demonstrated pertinent abnormal findings of 2/5 hand strength bilaterally, 4/5 strength in his left upper extremity and right lower extremity, impaired coordination, ataxic gait, rigidity, and decreased but symmetrical reflexes. He reported using 50–100 canisters of nitrous oxide per day to obtain a feeling of relaxation and euphoria. Blood work revealed vitamin B12 deficiency, and abnormalities were seen on MRI. He was treated with 1000 μg of intramuscular vitamin B12 every other day for 3 doses, followed by 500 μg oral cyanocobalamin daily. He demonstrated a great amount of improvement in his neuropathy during his stay. However, he was still dependent in basic transfers, activities of daily living, and mobility and was discharged to acute rehabilitation. Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to subacute combined degeneration, which presents with sensory deficits, weakness, ataxia, spasticity, and gait abnormalities. Treatment for SACD should be aggressive and rapid to prevent irreversible neurological deficits. Amid an opioid epidemic, practitioners can easily overlook the use of nitrous oxide and patients may consider this drug to be relatively harmless. This case demonstrates the importance of thorough history taking, patient education, and early recognition and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency and the deleterious effects that may result without intervention.
A rare case of a laryngeal angiomyolipoma
Authors: McCampbell Lillian , Williams Mark , Panella Nicholas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLaryngeal angiomyolipoma is a rare tumor with few reported cases in the literature. The case report explains a 62‐year‐old man who presents with dyspnea and found to have a laryngeal angiomyolipoma staining CD34 positive, but HMB45 and Melan‐A negative.