bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effect of Familial Longevity Persists After Age 100: Findings From the Danish National Registers
Authors: Galvin Angéline , Pedersen Jacob Krabbe , Wojczynski Mary K , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Arbeev Konstantin , Feitosa Mary , Province Michael A , Christensen Kaare 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
A recent study suggested that the protective effect of familial longevity becomes negligible for centenarians. However, the authors assessed the dependence on familial longevity in centenarians by comparing centenarians with 1 parent surviving to age 80+ to centenarians whose same-sexed parent did not survive to age 80. Here we test whether the protective effect of familial longevity persists after age 100 using more restrictive definitions of long-lived families.

Methods
Long-lived sibships were identified through 3 nationwide, consecutive studies in Denmark, including families with either at least 2 siblings aged 90+ or a Family Longevity Selection Score (FLoSS) above 7. Long-lived siblings enrolled in these studies and who reached age 100 were included. For each sibling, 5 controls matched on sex and year of birth were randomly selected among centenarians in the Danish population. Survival time from age 100 was described with Kaplan–Meier curves for siblings and controls separately. Survival analyses were performed using stratified Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
A total of 340 individuals from long-lived sibships who survived to age 100 and 1 700 controls were included. Among the long-lived siblings and controls, 1 650 (81%) were women. The results showed that long-lived siblings presented better overall survival after age 100 than sporadic long-livers (hazard ratio [HR]  = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 0.71–0.91), with even lower estimate (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50–0.85) if familial longevity was defined by FLoSS.

Conclusions
The present study, with virtually no loss to follow-up, demonstrated a persistence of protective effect of familial longevity after age 100.
“Ọmụgwọ” As Unpaid Labor? The Perceptions of Postpartum Caregiving Among Older Grandmothers in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Iwuagwu Anthony Obinna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
In Nigeria and many Sub-Saharan African countries where the majority are poor and cannot afford formal postpartum care, nursing mothers rely primarily on their mothers or older female relatives for postpartum care. Despite their invaluable contributions, such grandmothers often operate in a reality of inadequate social and institutional support. Yet, little is known about how women perceive this form of traditional care in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored the views of older grandmothers in Southeast Nigeria about postpartum caregiving, called “Ọmụgwọ.”

Research Design and Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive inquiry, the author employed criterion-purposive sampling and snowballing to recruit 17 older grandmothers who participated in the interviews, and data were analyzed in themes.

Results
Three themes and eight subthemes emerged. The themes cover perceptions supporting the continuity of Ọmụgwọ practice irrespective, the influence of culture on Ọmụgwọ practice, and the indirect rewards of the practice.

Discussion and Implications
The findings of this study could potentially influence postpartum caregiving policies for female older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa and further advance the quality of informal care during postpartum periods in Africa.
Exploiting image logs to reduce drilling hazards: an innovative Artificial Intelligence methodology applied in East Africa
Authors: Molossi Attilio , Pipan Michele 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
Image logs are crucial for petrophysical and structural characterization of drilled formations. Logging while drilling (LWD) image logs allow near real-time characterization of formations during drilling. Interpretation time required by humans can become critical, as structural interpretation provides the most crucial information for decision-making steps with respect to drilling operations. An example of this occurred in a deepwater system of reservoirs in East Africa. During the drilling of some wells, drilling was interrupted by unexpected borehole stability issues observed in a mass transport deposit. Those problems can detrimentally affect operations by impacting the efficiency of drilling. Therefore, a procedure for the automation of LWD data analysis was developed aimed at reducing drilling risk associated with borehole stability. A workflow is proposed based on an innovative assortment of AI methodologies for automatic real-time interpretation of LWD image log, applied to density image logs. The goal is to mimic manual human dip picking, combining computer vision, numerical series analysis and machine learning. Computer vision techniques are applied to detect the main density contrasts, representing the most likely surfaces. Sharp contrasts in the image are then investigated by dynamic time warping for similarity analysis. Finally, the geological plane is defined as a regression plane passing through the most similar contrasts, and a surface confidence criterion is defined based on the homogeneity of contrast along the curve suggested by the regression. Feature identification by a geologist was used as benchmark for comparison and metrics. Accuracy is referred to the difference between apparent dip and azimuth of geological surfaces coming from human and automated workflows, following the idea that two similar geometric results would eventually lead to equally similar geological considerations, and thus to similar operational measures. In general, a prediction accuracy of 60 per cent for the tested wells is observed, considering the total set of surfaces coming from the model. Nevertheless, the results suggest a positive correlation between the apparent dip of the discontinuities and the model error and a general less confidence for the surfaces with greater dip. By isolating the subset of low dipping features generated by the model, that is up to 35°, the accuracy appears to increase up to more than 70 per cent, suggesting that correlation is more difficult for high dipping geological planes. This class of curves also shows a general lower confidence and much of this latter class of surfaces are more likely to be found in the depth interval in which borehole stability issues occurred.
Still no differences in the length or scope of primary and ambulatory care for Medicaid and commercial patients
Authors: Ku Leighton 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Many seek to improve the quality of primary care in the United States, particularly for Medicaid patients. This paper revisits the question of whether Medicaid patients receive less primary care, such as the length or scope of services per visit, than commercial patients. Analyses of 2016–2019 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data, the most recent available, find there were no significant differences in the average length of ambulatory care visits, or of primary care visits in particular, between Medicaid and commercial care, nor differences in the scope, based on the number of diagnostic and treatment services, health education topics covered, or the number of medications prescribed in the visit. Only small differences were found for uninsured patients. The duration and scope of ambulatory and primary care visits were primarily related to the characteristics of patients, visits, and the physicians’ practices. To improve primary and ambulatory care for disadvantaged patients, it may be more important to focus on increasing access to care by reducing insurance and cost-related barriers and on broad-based efforts to improve quality.
Genomic data resolve long-standing uncertainty by distinguishing white marlin (Kajikia albida) and striped marlin (K. audax) as separate species
Authors: Mamoozadeh N R , Graves J E , Bealey R , Schratwieser J , Holdsworth J C , Ortega-Garcia S , McDowell J R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Large pelagic fishes are often broadly distributed and capable of long-distance movements. These factors can promote gene flow that makes it difficult to disentangle intra- vs. inter-specific levels of genetic differentiation. Here, we assess the relationship of two istiophorid billfishes, white marlin (Kajikia albida) and striped marlin (K. audax), presently considered sister species inhabiting separate ocean basins. Previous studies report levels of genetic differentiation between these species that are smaller than those observed among populations of other istiophorid species. To determine whether white marlin and striped marlin comprise separate species or populations of a single globally distributed species, we surveyed 2520 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 62 white marlin and 242 striped marlin across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Multivariate analyses resolved white marlin and striped marlin as distinct groups, and a species tree composed of separate lineages was strongly supported over a single lineage tree. Genetic differentiation between white marlin and striped marlin (FST = 0.5384) was also substantially larger than between populations of striped marlin (FST = 0.0192–0.0840), and we identified SNPs that allow unambiguous species identification. Our findings indicate that white marlin and striped marlin comprise separate species, which we estimate diverged at approximately 2.38 Mya.
Upper and/or Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Caused by Human Metapneumovirus After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Piñana Jose Luis , Tridello Gloria , Xhaard Aliénor , Wendel Lotus , Montoro Juan , Vazquez Lourdes , Heras Inmaculada , Ljungman Per , Mikulska Malgorzata , Salmenniemi Urpu , Perez Ariadna , Kröger Nicolaus , Cornelissen Jan , Sala Elisa , Martino Rodrigo , Geurten Claire , Byrne Jenny , Maertens Johan , Kerre Tessa , Martin Murray , Pascual Maria Jesús , Yeshurun Moshe , Finke Jürgen , Groll Andreas H , Shaw Peter J , Blijlevens Nicole , Arcese William , Ganser Arnold , Suarez-Lledo Maria , Alzahrani Mohsen , Choi Goda , Forcade Edouard , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Solano Carlos , Wachowiak Jacek , Zuckerman Tsila , Bader Peter , Clausen Johannes , Mayer Jiri , Schroyens Wilfried , Metafuni Elisabetta , Knelange Nina , Averbuch Dina , de la Camara Rafael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remain a poorly investigated area.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter cohort study examined the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for poor outcomes associated with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in recipients of allo-HCT.

Results
We included 428 allo-HCT recipients who developed 438 hMPV infection episodes between January 2012 and January 2019. Most recipients were adults (93%). hMPV infections were diagnosed at a median of 373 days after allo-HCT. The infections were categorized as upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) or lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD), with 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. Patients with hMPV LRTD experienced the infection earlier in the transplant course and had higher rates of lymphopenia, neutropenia, corticosteroid use, and ribavirin therapy. Multivariate analysis identified lymphopenia and corticosteroid use (&gt;30 mg/d) as independent risk factors for LRTD occurrence. The overall mortality at day 30 after hMPV detection was 2% for URTD, 12% for possible LRTD, and 21% for proven LRTD. Lymphopenia was the only independent risk factor associated with day 30 mortality in LRTD cases.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the significance of lymphopenia and corticosteroid use in the development and severity of hMPV infections after allo-HCT, with lymphopenia being a predictor of higher mortality in LRTD cases.
Unmet need for contraception among women in Benin: a cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Yeboah Paa Akonor , Adzigbli Leticia Akua , Atsu Priscilla , Ansong-Aggrey Samuel Kwabena , Adu Collins , Cadri Abdul , Aboagye Richard Gyan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of unmet need for contraception among women in sexual unions in Benin.MethodsData for the study was extracted from the recent 2017–2018 Benin Demographic and Health Survey. A weighted sample of 9513 women of reproductive age was included in the study. We used multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis to examine the factors associated with unmet need for contraception.ResultsThe prevalence of unmet need for contraception was 38.0% (36.7, 39.2). The odds of unmet need for contraception was higher among women with ≥4 births compared with those with no births, and among those who reported that someone else or others usually made decisions regarding their healthcare compared with those who make their own healthcare decisions. Wealth index was associated with a higher likelihood of unmet need for contraception. Also, the region of residence was associated with unmet need for contraception, with the highest odds being among women from the Mono region (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=2.18, 95% CI 1.33 to 3.58).ConclusionsOur study shows that the unmet need for contraception among women in Benin is relatively high. Our findings call on relevant stakeholders, including government and non-governmental organisations, to enhance women's empowerment as part of interventions that seek to prioritise contraceptive services for women.
Fatal concentrations of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in postmortem femoral blood
Authors: Kriikku Pirkko , Ojanperä Ilkka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Antidepressants and antipsychotics are both an important class of prescription drugs within postmortem (PM) toxicology because most of the substances are toxic in overdose and the mental disorders being treated may be associated with suicidality. A wide range of antidepressants and antipsychotics are currently included in up-to-date PM toxicology analysis protocols. However, apart from case studies, few reports on fatal concentrations based on large number of cases have been published in the literature. Based on PM investigations in Finland between 2000 and 2020, this study provides fatal reference concentrations in poisonings due to an antidepressant or an antipsychotic drug assigned as the principal intoxicant. Summary statistics for drug concentrations in PM femoral blood (min, max, mean, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentile) were calculated for 17 antidepressant (N = 2,007) and for 12 antipsychotic drugs (N = 1,161). The proportion of suicide, accident and undetermined manner of death is indicated for each drug. Further, the fatal concentrations obtained in this study were evaluated by comparison with fatal and “normal” PM concentrations reported by two previously published approaches, the grouped causes of death approach and the all causes of death approach, respectively. This study shows that, despite the well-known variation in PM drug concentrations, competently generated fatal concentration results for the drugs studied are consistent to such an extent that they can be used as a reference in the interpretation process.
Emerging Roles of Gut Serotonin in Regulation of Immune Response, Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Grondin Jensine A , Khan Waliul I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although the exact etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is unknown, studies have shown that dysregulated immune responses, genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors contribute to their pathogenesis. Intriguingly, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) seems to be a molecule with increasingly strong implications in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, affecting host physiology, including autophagy and immune responses, as well as microbial composition and function. 5-HT may also play a role in mediating how environmental effects impact outcomes in IBD. In this review, we aim to explore the production and important functions of 5-HT, including its impact on the gut. In addition, we highlight the bidirectional impacts of 5-HT on the immune system, the gut microbiota, and the process of autophagy and how these effects contribute to the manifestation of intestinal inflammation. We also explore recent findings connecting 5-HT signalling and the influence of environmental factors, particularly diet, in the pathogenesis of IBD. Ultimately, we explore the pleiotropic effects of this ancient molecule on biology and health in the context of intestinal inflammation.
Regulation of plant immunity via small RNA-mediated control of NLR expression
Authors: López-Márquez Diego , Del-Espino Ángel , Ruiz-Albert Javier , Bejarano Eduardo R , Brodersen Peter , Beuzón Carmen R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Plants use different receptors to detect potential pathogens: membrane-anchored pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activated upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that elicit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI); and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) activated by detection of pathogen-derived effectors, activating effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The interconnections between PTI and ETI responses have been increasingly reported. Elevated NLR levels may cause autoimmunity, with symptoms ranging from fitness cost to developmental arrest, sometimes combined with run-away cell death, making accurate control of NLR dosage key for plant survival. Small RNA-mediated gene regulation has emerged as a major mechanism of control of NLR dosage. Twenty-two nucleotide miRNAs with the unique ability to trigger secondary siRNA production from target transcripts are particularly prevalent in NLR regulation. They enhance repression of the primary NLR target, but also bring about repression of NLRs only complementary to secondary siRNAs. We summarize current knowledge on miRNAs and siRNAs in the regulation of NLR expression with an emphasis on 22 nt miRNAs and propose that miRNA and siRNA regulation of NLR levels provides additional links between PTI and NLR defense pathways to increase plant responsiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens and control an efficient deployment of defenses.
Non-climacteric fruit development and ripening regulation: ‘the phytohormones show’
Authors: Perotti María Florencia , Posé David , Martín-Pizarro Carmen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fruit ripening involves numerous physiological, structural, and metabolic changes that result in the formation of edible fruits. This process is controlled at different molecular levels, with essential roles for phytohormones, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Fleshy fruits are classified as either climacteric or non-climacteric species. Climacteric fruits are characterized by a burst in respiration and ethylene production at the onset of ripening, while regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening has been commonly attributed to abscisic acid (ABA). However, there is controversy as to whether mechanisms regulating fruit ripening are shared between non-climacteric species, and to what extent other hormones contribute alongside ABA. In this review, we summarize classic and recent studies on the accumulation profile and role of ABA and other important hormones in the regulation of non-climacteric fruit development and ripening, as well as their crosstalk, paying special attention to the two main non-climacteric plant models, strawberry and grape. We highlight both the common and different roles of these regulators in these two crops, and discuss the importance of the transcriptional and environmental regulation of fruit ripening, as well as the need to optimize genetic transformation methodologies to facilitate gene functional analyses.
TLK1-mediated RAD54 phosphorylation spatio-temporally regulates Homologous Recombination Repair
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Kwon Youngho , Shabestari Aida Badamchi , Chikhale Rupesh , Chen Jing , Wiese Claudia , Sung Patrick , De Benedetti Arrigo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnvironmental agents like ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe damage to the DNA, often in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Remaining unrepaired, DSBs can lead to chromosomal rearrangements, and cell death. One major error-free pathway to repair DSBs is homologous recombination repair (HRR). Tousled-like kinase 1 (TLK1), a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates the DNA damage checkpoint, has been found to interact with RAD54, a central DNA translocase in HRR. To determine how TLK1 regulates RAD54, we inhibited or depleted TLK1 and tested how this impacts HRR in human cells using a ISce-I-GR-DsRed fused reporter endonuclease. Our results show that TLK1 phosphorylates RAD54 at three threonines (T41, T59 and T700), two of which are located within its N-terminal domain (NTD) and one is located within its C-terminal domain (CTD). Phosphorylation at both T41 and T59 supports HRR and protects cells from DNA DSB damage. In contrast, phosphorylation of T700 leads to impaired HRR and engenders no protection to cells from cytotoxicity and rather results in repair delay. Further, our work enlightens the effect of RAD54-T700 (RAD54-CTD) phosphorylation by TLK1 in mammalian system and reveals a new site of interaction with RAD51.
Mitochondrial haplotype mutation alleviates respiratory defect of MELAS by restoring taurine modification in tRNA with 3243A &gt; G mutation
Authors: Ueda Saori , Yagi Mikako , Tomoda Ena , Matsumoto Shinya , Ueyanagi Yasushi , Do Yura , Setoyama Daiki , Matsushima Yuichi , Nagao Asuteka , Suzuki Tsutomu , Ide Tomomi , Mori Yusuke , Oyama Noriko , Kang Dongchon , Uchiumi Takeshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 3243A &gt; G in mtDNA is a representative mutation in mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial protein synthesis is impaired due to decoding disorder caused by severe reduction of 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm5U) modification of the mutant mt-tRNALeu(UUR) bearing 3243A &gt; G mutation. The 3243A &gt; G heteroplasmy in peripheral blood reportedly decreases exponentially with age. Here, we found three cases with mild respiratory symptoms despite bearing high rate of 3243A &gt; G mutation (&gt;90%) in blood mtDNA. These patients had the 3290T &gt; C haplotypic mutation in addition to 3243A &gt; G pathogenic mutation in mt-tRNALeu(UUR) gene. We generated cybrid cells of these cases to examine the effects of the 3290T &gt; C mutation on mitochondrial function and found that 3290T &gt; C mutation improved mitochondrial translation, formation of respiratory chain complex, and oxygen consumption rate of pathogenic cells associated with 3243A &gt; G mutation. We measured τm5U frequency of mt-tRNALeu(UUR) with 3243A &gt; G mutation in the cybrids by a primer extension method assisted with chemical derivatization of τm5U, showing that hypomodification of τm5U was significantly restored by the 3290T &gt; C haplotypic mutation. We concluded that the 3290T &gt; C is a haplotypic mutation that suppresses respiratory deficiency of mitochondrial disease by restoring hypomodified τm5U in mt-tRNALeu(UUR) with 3243A &gt; G mutation, implying a potential therapeutic measure for mitochondrial disease associated with pathogenic mutations in mt-tRNAs.