bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isaiah 2:6b and the Bible of Justin Martyr
Authors: Yurovitskaya Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It has long been recognized that the syntactically incorrect phrase in the MT of Isa 2:6b (כִּי מָלְאוּ מִקֶּדֶם וְעֹנְנִים כַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים “for they are full from the east and soothsayers like the Philistines”) suffers from a textual error involving the omission of a word. According to the commonly accepted conjecture, a derivative of the root קסם must be reconstructed, which, being graphically similar to מִקֶּדֶם, may have been dropped out due to haplography. Contrary to previous research that viewed Justin’s version of the verse (ὅτι ἐπλήσθη ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν, ὡς τὸ ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς, µαντειῶν καὶ κληδονισµῶν, Dial. 135.6.5) as a reflection of inner-Greek development, I argue that it may provide support for the emendation, being the only surviving witness to the original Hebrew text of Isa 2:6b.
Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848–1886) in East Africa
Authors: FRAHNERT SYLKE , TURNER DONALD A. , BRACKER CORDULA 
Published: August 2023

Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848–1886) was an important German naturalist and ornithological collector in Africa. The extensive ornithological collections from his several expeditions were sent to at least two different museums (Zoological Museum Berlin and Zoological Museum Hamburg), and to a smaller extent, some private sales are assumed. Together with Anton Reichenow, Fischer described many species new to science, so the many types in the collections make them especially important. We located 616 bird specimens in the collections of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin and the Museum der Natur Hamburg along with a few further specimens in the collections of the Museum Heineanum Halberstadt, the Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden, The Natural History Museum-UK (Tring), the American Museum of Natural History, New York and the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Among these, type specimens for 133 species and subspecies of birds were traced. For all of them, an update of the collecting localities with particular emphasis on some previously unknown locations is provided. A taxonomic update of the described species is given and a designation of lectotypes for the following four taxa was necessary: Francolinus Altumi G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884, Accipiter minullus tropicalis Reichenow, 1898, Hypochera ultramarina var. orientalis Reichenow, 1894 and Spinus citrinelloides frontalis Reichenow, 1904b.
Turbulence and Diffusion on Weakly Stable and Stable Nights near a 300 m Tower in a Complex Landscape
Authors: Kurzeja Robert J. , Leclerc Monique Y. , Duarte Henrique F. , Zhang Gengsheng , Parker Matthew J. , Werth David W. , Chiswell Steven R. , Buckley Robert L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Turbulence and winds below 328 m were measured on 5 successive nights in a program to study tracer transport in the nocturnal boundary layer at a site with moderately complex terrain and mixed land use. The instruments included sonic anemometers and CO2/H2O analyzers at four levels on a 328 m tall tower, a minisodar/RASS system, a midrange sodar, a ceilometer, and an array of 61 m towers. Preliminary simulations indicated satisfactory perfluorocarbon mixing to 68 m but insufficient transport to the 328 m level on both weakly stable and stable nights, possibly due to insufficient turbulence kinetic energy and/or small vertical mixing lengths, or the presence of meso-β fronts, e.g., sea-breeze fronts, that could transport trace chemicals efficiently to 328 m. To examine the problem further, time–height distributions of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE), mixing length, Richardson number, potential temperature, and winds were derived from the observations of mean winds and temperature and the TKE budget equation, interpolated to fit the observations, under the flux/gradient and z-less scaling assumptions, and displayed with aerosol profiles. The results indicated higher and more variable levels of TKE and mixing lengths above a typical turbulence maximum at 30–50 m. Oscillations with periods of ∼2 h were common and occasional meso-β fronts and shear zones between 75 and 150 m were seen, which increased TKE aloft and in some cases led to a poorly defined boundary layer top.

Significance Statement
The atmosphere’s boundary layer is the interface between the free atmosphere and natural and human activity near Earth’s surface. The daytime boundary layer has been studied extensively and, because of vigorous sun-driven mixing, is well understood and readily parameterized in forecast and global climate models. In contrast, the nocturnal boundary layer is less well understood or predictable because turbulence is weak and tends to decouple it from the surface and the free atmosphere above. This paper focuses on the least-studied upper part of the nocturnal boundary layer over the southeastern United States where topography and land–sea contrast affect winds, turbulence, and chemical transport.
Large-Amplitude Quasi-Stationary Rossby Wave Events in ERA5 and the CESM2: Features, Precursors, and Model Biases in Northern Hemisphere Winter
Authors: Fei Cuiyi , White Rachel H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High-amplitude quasi-stationary Rossby waves (QSWs) have been connected to extreme weather events. By identifying particularly high-amplitude QSW events (QWEs) over Europe and North America, we study their characteristics in ERA5 data and in ensemble simulations from the CESM2 general circulation model. The CESM2 reproduces the overall statistics of QWEs, with ERA5 results within the ensemble spread. The ensemble spread is large, indicating a strong influence of internal variability. Composites of meridional wind anomalies for QWEs show a phase preference in both ERA5 and CESM2, resembling the climatological wave pattern. This is partly due to the definition of QSWs; with the day-of-year climatological meridional wind removed when identifying QSWs, the phase preference remains, albeit with a weaker signal. Significant tropical Pacific precipitation anomalies are seen 5–15 days before observed QWEs; the location of these anomalies is broadly reproduced in CESM2, but the magnitude is substantially underestimated and the time scale is biased. We find a narrowed and strengthened jet stream over the Pacific at the early stage of European QWEs, which may create enhanced waveguidability; this signal is generally reproduced in the models. Overall, the CESM2 can simulate QWEs; differences between the model ensemble mean and the reanalysis could result from model bias or internal variability, although biases are not reduced in CESM2 simulations forced with observed SSTs.
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the Initiation of the MJO
Authors: Johnson Richard H. , de Szoeke Simon P. , Ciesielski Paul E. , Brewer W. Alan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Indian Ocean is a frequent site for the initiation of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The evolution of convection during MJO initiation is intimately linked to the subcloud atmospheric mixed layer (ML). Much of the air entering developing cumulus clouds passes through the cloud base; hence, the properties of the ML are critical in determining the nature of cloud development. The properties and depth of the ML are influenced by horizontal advection, precipitation-driven cold pools, and vertical motion. To address ML behavior during the initiation of the MJO, data from the 2011/12 Dynamics of the MJO Experiment (DYNAMO) are utilized. Observations from the research vessel Revelle are used to document the ML and its modification during the time leading up to the onset phase of the October MJO. The mixed layer depth increased from ∼500 to ∼700 m during the 1–12 October suppressed period, allowing a greater proportion of boundary layer thermals to reach the lifting condensation level and hence promote cloud growth. The ML heat budget defines an equilibrium mixed layer depth that accurately diagnoses the mixed layer depth over the DYNAMO convectively suppressed period, provided that horizontal advection is included. The advection at the Revelle is significantly influenced by low-level convective outflows from the southern ITCZ. The findings also demonstrate a connection between cirrus clouds and their remote impact on ML depth and convective development through a reduction in the ML radiative cooling rate. The emergent behavior of the equilibrium mixed layer has implications for simulating the MJO with models with parameterized cloud and turbulent-scale motions.
A Narrative Review on the Administration of Inhaled Prostaglandins in Critically Ill Adult Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ware Lydia R. , Kim Christine S. , Szumita Paul M. , DeGrado Jeremy R. 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To describe the effect of inhaled prostaglandins on both oxygenation and mortality in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a focus on safety and efficacy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE was performed using the following search terms: inhaled prostaglandins, inhaled epoprostenol, inhaled nitric oxide, ARDS, critically ill. All abstracts were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant English-language reports and studies conducted in humans between 1980 and June 2023 were considered. Data Synthesis: Data regarding inhaled prostaglandins and their effect on oxygenation are limited but show a benefit in patients who respond to therapy, and data pertaining to their effect on mortality is scarce. Concerns exist regarding the formulation of inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) utilized in addition to modes of medication delivery; however, the limited data surrounding their use have shown a reasonable safety profile. Other avenues and beneficial effects may exist with inhaled prostaglandins, such as use in COVID-19-associated ARDS or non-COVID-19 ARDS patients undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation or during patient transport. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: The use of inhaled prostaglandins can be considered in critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS or non-COVID-19 ARDS who are experiencing difficulties with oxygenation refractory to nonpharmacologic strategies. Conclusions: The use of iEPO and other inhaled prostaglandins requires further investigation to fully elucidate their effects on clinical outcomes, but it appears these medications may have a potential benefit in COVID-19-associated ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS patients with refractory hypoxemia but with little effect on mortality.
Clinical outcomes of indwelling needle-delivered urokinase thrombolysis in the treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous grafts
Authors: Zhou Yu , Li Wenqin , Chen Bo , Chen Ling , Lai Qiquan , Tu Bo , Wan Ziming , Zhao Qinghua 
Published: August 2023

Background: To investigate the clinical outcomes of indwelling needle-delivered local urokinase thrombolysis, a cost-saving thrombolytic approach, in the treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). Methods: The clinical data of 71 patients with a first episode of thrombosed AVG were analyzed. Among them, 49 patients underwent urokinase thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and 22 patients underwent thrombectomy and PTA. The operation success rate, operation time, perioperative and postoperative complications, primary patency, and secondary patency were compared. Results: Clinical success was achieved in all 71 PTAs. After thrombolysis, 29 patients achieved complete lysis, and 20 patients achieved partial lysis. All patients achieved thrombus clearance after PTA. The operating room usage time was 37.48 ± 5.33 min for the complete thrombolysis group and 41.70 ± 6.16 min for the incomplete thrombolysis group, and these values were not significantly different (p = 0.853). The operating room usage time of the thrombectomy group was 124.73 ± 5.08 min, which was significantly longer than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). The log-rank test indicated no significant difference in the 90-, 180-, and 360-day primary patency and corresponding secondary patency (all p > 0.05). The Cox regression showed that no significant difference was noted in the changing rate of primary or secondary patency among the groups (all p > 0.05). No major complications occurred in any of the groups, and the difference in the complication incidence was not significant (p = 0.336). Conclusions: Indwelling needle-delivered urokinase thrombolysis is an acceptable method for the treatment of thrombosed AVGs. Compared with thrombectomy and PTA, thrombolysis and PTA can significantly shorten the time to use the operating room without reducing primary and secondary patency or increasing complications.
Functions for platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) and its receptors in fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and fibrotic failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs)
Authors: Xiao Yuxuan , Martinez Laisel , Zigmond Zachary , Woltmann Daniel , Singer Diane V , Singer Harold A , Vazquez-Padron Roberto I , Salman Loay H 
Published: August 2023

Background: Over 60% of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients are relying on hemodialysis (HD) to survive, and the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access method for HD. However approximately half of all newly created AVF fail to mature and cannot be used without a salvage procedure. We have recently demonstrated an association between AVF maturation failure and post-operative fibrosis, while our RNA-seq study also revealed that veins that ultimately failed during AVF maturation had elevated levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4). However, a link between these two findings was yet to be established. Methods: In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms between PF4 levels and fibrotic remodeling in veins. We compared the local expression of PF4 and fibrosis marker integrin β6 (ITGB6) in veins that successfully underwent maturation with that in veins that ultimately failed to mature. We also measured the changes of expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA/ ACTA2) and collagen (Col1/ COL1A1) in venous fibroblasts upon various treatments, such as PF4 pharmacological treatment, alteration of PF4 expression, and blocking of PF4 receptors. Results: We found that PF4 is expressed in veins and co-localizes with αSMA. In venous fibroblasts, PF4 stimulates expression of αSMA and Col1 via different pathways. The former requires integrins αvβ5 and α5β1, while chemokine receptor CXCR3 is needed for the latter. Interestingly, we also discovered that the expression of PF4 is associated with that of ITGB6, the β subunit of integrin αvβ6. This integrin is critical for the activation of the major fibrosis factor TGFβ, and overexpression of PF4 promotes activation of the TGFβ pathway. Conclusions: These results indicate that upregulation of PF4 may cause venous fibrosis both directly by stimulating fibroblast differentiation and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and indirectly by facilitating the activation of the TGFβ pathway.
Iopromide for Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pertinent Literature
Authors: Endrikat Jan , Khater Hassan , Boreham Alexander DP , Fritze Sabine , Schwenke Carsten , Bhatti Aasia , Trnkova Zuzana Jirakova , Seidensticker Peter 
Published: August 2023

Background: Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an emerging breast imaging modality. Clinical data is scarce. Objectives: To summarize clinical evidence on the use of iopromide in CEM for the detection or by systematically analyzing the available literature on efficacy and safety. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources and methods: Iopromide-specific publications reporting its use in CEM were identified by a systematic search within Bayer’s Product Literature Information (PLI) database and by levering a recent review publication. The literature search in PLI was performed up to January 2023. The confirmatory-supporting review publication was based on a MEDLINE/EMBASE + full text search for publications issued between September 2003 and January 2019. Relevant literature was selected based on pre-defined criteria by 2 reviewers. The comparison of CEM vs traditional mammography (XRM) was performed on published results of sensitivity and specificity. Differences in diagnostic parameters were assessed within a meta-analysis. Results: Literature search: A total of 31 studies were identified reporting data on 5194 patients. Thereof, 19 studies on efficacy and 3 studies on safety. Efficacy: in 11 studies comparing iopromide CEM vs XRM, sensitivity was up to 43% higher (range 1%-43%) for CEM. Differences in specificity were found to be in a range of −4% to 46% for CEM compared with XRM. The overall gain in sensitivity for CEM vs XRM was 7% (95% CI [4%, 11%]) with no statistically significant loss in specificity in any study assessed. In most studies, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were found to be in favor of CEM. In 2 studies comparing CEM with breast magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI), both imaging modalities performed either equally well or CEM tended to show better results with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Safety: eight cases of iopromide-related adverse drug reactions were reported in 1022 patients (0.8%). Conclusions: Pertinent literature provides evidence for clinical utility of iopromide in CEM for the detection or confirmation of breast cancer. The overall gain in sensitivity for iopromide CEM vs XRM was 7% with no statistically significant loss in specificity.
Dapagliflozin attenuates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats with β-adrenergic receptor overactivation through restoring calcium handling and suppressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Liu Tao , Wu Jinchun , Shi Shaobo , Cui Bo , Xiong Feng , Yang Shuang , Yan Min 
Published: August 2023

Background: Long-term β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation can impair myocardial structure and function. Dapagliflozin (DAPA) has been reported to improve clinical prognosis in heart failure patients, whereas the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of DAPA against β-AR overactivation toxicity and explored the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: Rats were randomized to receive saline + placebo, isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) + placebo, or ISO + DAPA (1 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) for 2-week. DAPA treatment improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial fibrosis, prevented cardiomyocytes (CMs) apoptosis, and decreased the expression of ER stress-mediated apoptosis markers in ISO-treated hearts. In isolated CMs, 2-week ISO stimulation resulted in deteriorated kinetics of cellular contraction and relaxation, increased diastolic intracellular Ca2+ level and decay time constant of Ca2+ transient (CaT) but decreased CaT amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ level. However, DAPA treatment prevented abnormal Ca2+ handling and contractile dysfunction in CMs from ISO-treated hearts. Consistently, DAPA treatment upregulated the expression of SR Ca2+-ATPase protein and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) but reduced the expression of phosphorylated-RyR2, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and phosphorylated-CaMKII in ventricles from ISO-treated rats. Conclusion: DAPA prevented myocardial remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in rats with β-AR overactivation via restoring calcium handling and suppressing ER stress-related CMs apoptosis.
Pituitary volume changes in pregnancy and the post-partum period
Authors: Benson John C , Malyuk David F , Madhavan Ajay , Guerin Julie B , Krecke Karl N , Little Jason T , Passe Theodore J , DeLone David R , Lindell Edward P , Eckel Laurence J 
Published: August 2023

Purpose Imaging changes in the pituitary volume during pregnancy remains scantly researched. This study set out to assess the differences in total, anterior, and posterior pituitary volume in pregnant women compared to nulliparous and post-partum women. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was completed of women that had undergone MRI imaging of the brain. Patients were divided into three cohorts: pregnant, nulliparous, and post-partum (defined as being within 12 months of delivery). Anterior and posterior pituitary volumes were manually measured. Results 171 patients were included, of which 68 were pregnant, 52 were post-partum, and 51 were nulliparous. The average anterior (621.0 ± 171.6 mm3) and total (705.4 ± 172.2 mm3) pituitary volumes were significantly larger in pregnant patients than nulliparous women (522.6 ± 159.8 mm3 and 624.5 ± 163.7 mm3, respectively) ( p = .002 and p = .01, respectively). The posterior pituitary volume was significantly smaller in pregnant women (84.4 ± 32.9 mm3) compared to both post-partum (101.2 ± 42.0 mm3) and nulliparous (102.0 ± 46.1 mm3) women ( p = .02 for both). Conclusions The anterior and total pituitary volumes are significantly larger during pregnancy persisting into the post-partum period. The posterior pituitary volume, conversely, decreases during pregnancy, and returns to its normal size in the post-partum period.
High prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities in middle-aged never-smokers
Authors: Pesonen Ida , Johansson Fredrik , Johnsson Åse , Blomberg Anders , Boijsen Marianne , Brandberg John , Cederlund Kerstin , Egesten Arne , Emilsson Össur Ingi , Engvall Jan E. , Frølich Andreas , Hagström Emil , Lindberg Eva , Malinovschi Andrei , Stenfors Nikolai , Swahn Eva , Tanash Hanan , Themudo Raquel , Torén Kjell , Vanfleteren Lowie E.G.W. , Wollmer Per , Zaigham Suneela , Östgren Carl Johan , Sköld C. Magnus 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundInterstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidental findings on chest computed tomography (CT). These patterns can present at an early stage of fibrotic lung disease. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of ILA in the Swedish population, in particular in never-smokers, and find out its association with demographics, comorbidities and symptoms.MethodsParticipants were recruited to the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS), a population-based survey including men and women aged 50–64 years performed at six university hospitals in Sweden. CT scan, spirometry and questionnaires were performed. ILA were defined as cysts, ground-glass opacities, reticular abnormality, bronchiectasis and honeycombing.FindingsOut of 29 521 participants, 14 487 were never-smokers and 14 380 were men. In the whole population, 2870 (9.7%) had ILA of which 134 (0.5%) were fibrotic. In never-smokers, the prevalence was 7.9% of which 0.3% were fibrotic. In the whole population, age, smoking history, chronic bronchitis, cancer, coronary artery calcium score and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with ILA. Both ILA and fibrotic ILA were associated with restrictive spirometric pattern and impaired diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. However, individuals with ILA did not report more symptoms compared with individuals without ILA.InterpretationILA are common in a middle-aged Swedish population including never-smokers. ILA may be at risk of being underdiagnosed among never-smokers since they are not a target for screening.