bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical and experimental analysis of the isothermal high temperature pneumoforming process
Authors: Kamaliev Mike , Flesch Jan , Grodotzki Joshua , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe isothermal high temperature pneumoforming process to form tubes at constant elevated temperatures by means of internal pressure is investigated. Two materials, a ferritic (X2CrTiNb18) and a martensitic stainless steel (X12Cr13) are used for the investigations. The required material characterization is performed at the temperature and strain rate of the actual process. A new method for quantifying thermal softening via the time-dependent decrease in static yield stress is presented. At a temperature of 1000 °C, the static yield stress decreases by 50% within 100 s for both materials. The numerical models are validated on the basis of the formed geometry and used to study the influence of maximum internal pressure, axial feed, holding time under load and die edge length on the final part geometry. It was observed, that with higher internal pressures and longer holding times smaller corner radii are formed for both materials. In contrast, a superimposed axial feed as well as the effective friction coefficient have a negligible influence on the formed geometry. With an increasing die edge length, smaller radii are formed with the ferritic stainless steel numerically and experimentally. By contrast, for the martensitic stainless steel, larger radii are observed numerically. Experimentally, the limited formability of these tubes weld seam becomes apparent. Based on the findings, process windows depending on the process parameters internal pressure and die edge length were derived. Numerically, forming limit curves of tubular semi-finished products under comparable conditions serve as a failure criterion. Good agreement with experiments was observed.
Rethinking Risk in Adults’ Engagement with Sexual Digital Imagery
Authors: Power Jennifer , Dowsett Gary W. , Waling Andrea , James Alexandra , Moor Lily , Shackleton Nicole , Farrell Anne-Maree 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Camera-equipped smartphones and other devices allow people to capture and share images directly with others in ways that are spontaneous, instant and relatively inexpensive. Such sharing is a common part of modern sexual intimacies, despite media and educational discourses warning of potential risks.

Methods
This paper reports on a qualitative study in which we interviewed 23 Australian adults about the ways in which they used with digital sexual imagery in their sex lives. The study aimed to explore participants’ experiences of digital sexual self-image creation and sharing and the ways discourses of risk and safety shape these experiences.

Results
Findings showed that participants tended to view the creation and exchange of sexual images as a form of sexual play that built intimacy, sexual tension and eroticism into their relationships and expanded their sexual and relationship experiences in positive ways. Participants were aware that sending sexual or nude images left them vulnerable to potential harm or unwanted sexual exposure and were concerned that some people would view such practices as foolish or irresponsible given these risks held such high profile. These concerns meant participants were often secretive about their experiences although the sense of risk and vulnerability in these exchanges enhanced intimacy or eroticism for some participants.

Conclusions
Educational approaches to managing digital risk should recognise that people often have positive digital sexual experiences that can lead them to disengage from fear-based messaging.

Policy implications
As digital technologies evolve, their integration with human sexual intimacy will continue to change and develop in unforeseen ways. Educational and regulatory responses will require ongoing scrutiny and innovation to acknowledge users’ positive experiences and desires while responding to risks and challenges.
Hybrid solder joints: the effect of nanosized ZrO2 particles on morphology of as-reflowed and thermally aged Sn–3.5Ag solder joints
Authors: Wodak Irina , Yakymovych Andriy , Svec Peter , Orovcik Lubomir , Khatibi Golta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe main number of current researches has been focused on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Sn-based Sn–Ag–Cu-based solders, while various kinds of nanosized particles have been added. The synthesis and handling of ceramic nanosized powder are much easier than of metal nanoparticles. In addition, metal nanoparticles solved in solder joints during the soldering process or by thermal aging could behave as an alloying element similar to bulk metal additions, while ceramic nanoparticles retain their chemically inactive behavior in various thermal, thermo-mechanical, and electrical constraints. In some cases, the solved metal nanosized inclusions could increase the growth kinetics of the present intermetallic phases or even create new phases, which leads to more complexity in the predictions and simulations of chemical processes in the solder joints. Based on the assertions mentioned above, ceramic nanosized particles are industrially more favorable as reinforcing inclusions. On the other hand, there is no direct comparison in the literature between Sn-based Sn–Ag–Cu and Sn–Ag solder joints with similar ceramic nanoinclusions based on microstructural features and mechanical properties. In the present research, the Cu/flux + NPs/SAC/flux + NPs/Cu solder joints were produced with a nominal amount of 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt% nanosized ZrO2 powder. The solder joints prepared via the above-described method are called in the literature as hybrid solder joints. The microstructure of the as-reflowed and thermally aged samples has been studied, especially at the interface solder/substrate. It has been shown that the minor additions of ZrO2 NPs lead to a decrease in the thickness of the Cu6Sn5 interfacial layer in the as-reflowed solder joints and a reduction in the growth kinetics of this layer, while the Cu3Sn interfacial IMC layer remains practically unaffected. Similar investigations were performed in our previous study but for both the hybrid and nanocomposite Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder joints. A comparative analysis of the impact of the ZrO2 nanoinclusions on the hybrid solder joints using Sn–3.5Ag and Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu has been performed.
Guiding the design and implementation of interactive public displays in educational settings
Authors: Müller Maximilian , Otero Nuno , Milrad Marcelo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInteractive Public Displays (IPD) enable new ways of interaction as well as communication channels, extending online communities into physical places and supporting a culture of participation. While educational environments have seen how new digital technologies can enhance learning activities beyond the traditional classroom context, the use of IPDs is still an area insufficiently explored. This paper proposes a set of design goals for the implementation and deployment of engaging interactive public display applications in educational settings. Based on findings from a series of design workshops and two deployment studies in authentic settings, seven design goals were identified and defined. The design goals provide clear guidelines for the design of IPDs for schools by making design teams and stakeholders focus on factors fostering user adoption, social interactions and collaboration. The design goals also opened up paths for further explorations regarding display awareness, level of commitment in interactions, the displays’ integration into structured activities, and display management at the educational institutions.
Learning graph structures with transformer for weakly supervised semantic segmentation
Authors: Sun Wanchun , Feng Xin , Ma Hui , Liu Jingyao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWeakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) is a challenging task of computer vision. The state-of-the-art semantic segmentation methods are usually based on the convolutional neural network (CNN), which mainly have the drawbacks of inability to explore the global information correctly and failure to activate potential object regions. To avoid such drawbacks, the transformer approach is explored in the WSSS task, but no effective semantic association between different patch tokens can be determined in the transformer. To address this issue, inspired by the graph convolutional network (GCN), this paper proposes a graph structure to learn the semantic category relationships between different blocks in the vector sequence. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper, a large number of experiments were conducted on the publicly available PASCAL VOC2012 dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves significant performance improvement in the WSSS task and outperforms other state-of-the-art transformer-based methods.
Solvability of One-Dimensional Semilinear Hyperbolic Systems and Sine-Gordon Equation
Authors: Huh Hyungjin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study semilinear hyperbolic Eq. (1.1). We derive an explicit solution representation for some nonlinear terms F and G. For other nonlinear terms, it is shown that the solutions of the equations are related with the variable coefficient sine-Gordon equation.
Assessment of global and local neural network’s performance for model-free estimation of flow angles
Authors: Lerro A. , de Pasquale L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA synthetic flow angle sensor, able to estimate angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip, can exploit different methods to solve a set of equations modelling data fusion from other onboard systems. In operative scenarios, measurements used for data fusion are characterised by several uncertainties that would significantly affect the synthetic sensor performance. The off-line use of neural networks is not a novelty to model deterministic synthetic flow angle sensors and to mitigate issues arising from real flight applications. A common practice is to train the neural network with corrupted data that are representative of uncertainties of the current application. However, this approach requires accurate tuning on the target aircraft and extensive flight test campaigns, therefore, making the neural network tightly dependent on the specific aircraft. In order to overcome latter issues, this work proposes the use of neural networks to solve a model-free scheme, derived from classical flight mechanics, that is independent from the target aircraft, flight regime and avionics. It is crucial to make use of a training dataset that is not related to any specific aircraft or avionics to preserve the generality of the scheme. Under these circumstances, global and local neural networks are herein compared with an iterative method to assess the neural capabilities to generalise the proposed model-free solver. The final objective of the present work, in fact, is to select the neural technique that can enable a flow angle synthetic sensor to be used on board any flying body at any flight regime without any further training sessions.
Selecting robust features for machine-learning applications using multidata causal discovery
Authors: S. Saranya Ganesh , Beucler Tom , Tam Frederick Iat-Hin , Gomez Milton S. , Runge Jakob , Gerhardus Andreas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Robust feature selection is vital for creating reliable and interpretable machine-learning (ML) models. When designing statistical prediction models in cases where domain knowledge is limited and underlying interactions are unknown, choosing the optimal set of features is often difficult. To mitigate this issue, we introduce a multidata (M) causal feature selection approach that simultaneously processes an ensemble of time series datasets and produces a single set of causal drivers. This approach uses the causal discovery algorithms PC

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or PCMCI that are implemented in the Tigramite Python package. These algorithms utilize conditional independence tests to infer parts of the causal graph. Our causal feature selection approach filters out causally spurious links before passing the remaining causal features as inputs to ML models (multiple linear regression and random forest) that predict the targets. We apply our framework to the statistical intensity prediction of Western Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs), for which it is often difficult to accurately choose drivers and their dimensionality reduction (time lags, vertical levels, and area-averaging). Using more stringent significance thresholds in the conditional independence tests helps eliminate spurious causal relationships, thus helping the ML model generalize better to unseen TC cases. M-PC

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with a reduced number of features outperforms M-PCMCI, noncausal ML, and other feature selection methods (lagged correlation and random), even slightly outperforming feature selection based on explainable artificial intelligence. The optimal causal drivers obtained from our causal feature selection help improve our understanding of underlying relationships and suggest new potential drivers of TC intensification.
Risk of fibromyalgia in patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia: a possible local manifestation of a musculoskeletal systemic disorder
Authors: Hamdan Abdul-Latif , Alam Elie , Feghali Patrick A R , Fadel Charbel , Jabbour Christopher , Ghanem Anthony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk of fibromyalgia in patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients with primary muscle tension dysphonia, diagnosed based on history of dysphonia with evidence of laryngeal muscle tension on examination. Fibromyalgia was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (‘FiRST’).ResultsFifty patients were enrolled: 25 with primary muscle tension dysphonia (study group) and 25 matched controls. The mean age of the study group was 50.7 ± 15.2 years versus 49.5 ± 18.6 years for the controls, with a male to female ratio of 3:2 for both groups. Fifty-six per cent tested positive for fibromyalgia in the study group versus 4 per cent in the controls (p < 0.001). The mean Voice Handicap Index 10 score in the study group was significantly higher for those who screened positive for fibromyalgia compared to those who screened negative. There was a positive, strong point-biserial correlation between Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool and Voice Handicap Index 10 scores (r = 0.39; p = 0.09).ConclusionThese results suggest that fibromyalgia is a significant co-morbid condition in primary muscle tension dysphonia.
Instability of axisymmetric flow in thermocapillary liquid bridges: Kinetic and thermal energy budgets for two-phase flow with temperature-dependent material properties
Authors: Stojanović Mario , Romanò Francesco , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn numerical linear stability investigations, the rates of change of the kinetic and thermal energy of the perturbation flow are often used to identify the dominant mechanisms by which kinetic or thermal energy is exchanged between the basic and the perturbation flow. Extending the conventional energy analysis for a single-phase Boussinesq fluid, the energy budgets of arbitrary infinitesimal perturbations to the basic two-phase liquid–gas flow are derived for an axisymmetric thermocapillary bridge when the material parameters in both phases depend on the temperature. This allows identifying individual transport terms and assessing their contributions to the instability if the basic flow and the critical mode are evaluated at criticality. The full closed-form energy budgets of linear modes have been derived for thermocapillary two-phase flow taking into account the temperature dependence of all thermophysical parameters. The influence of different approximations to the temperature dependence on the linear stability boundary of the axisymmetric flow in thermocapillary liquid bridges is tested regarding their accuracy. The general mechanism of symmetry breaking turns out to be very robust.
Fill level measurement of low-permittivity material using an M-sequence UWB radar
Authors: Wegner Tim Erich , Gebhardt Stefan , Del Galdo Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to increasingly complex and automated manufacturing processes, the demands on the control parameters of these processes are also increasing. One parameter is the fill quantity of, e.g., liquids in production plants, whose precise determination is of ever-growing importance. Up to now, the exact level of determination under difficult conditions, such as high ambient temperatures, has been a particular challenge. This paper demonstrates a novel method by which an M-sequence UWB radar can determine levels of low-permittivity materials in small metal containers. For this purpose, hot melt is used as an example. Thus, the influence of large temperature differences on the long-term stability of level measurement can also be investigated. The measurements show that the level of hot melt can be measured to be long-term stable with an accuracy of better than 3 mm. Furthermore, the precise determination of the empty state is highly important for many applications. For this reason, this paper shows a method for determining the empty state without complex calibration procedures. For the empty level indication, an accuracy of up to 0.5 mm could be achieved for molten hot glue and 3% of the tank volume, independent of the shape or aggregate state of the medium.
Expected Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Spanish Islands Power Transmission Grids
Authors: Torta J. M. , Marsal S. , Piña‐Varas P. , Hafizi R. , Martí A. , Campanyà J. , Canillas‐Pérez V. , Curto J. J. , Ledo J. , Queralt P. , Marcuello A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) hazard in the power networks of the Canary and Balearic archipelagos. This is done in order to strictly complete the detailed assessment at national level of the power transmission system of mainland Spain, including the 400 and 220 kV levels. We have constructed models for the grids in each of the individual systems and used resistivity models of the lithosphere for each group of islands, from which we have calculated the surface impedances. The respective models of electrical admittances of the grids have been combined with the geoelectric field derived from the convolution of the recorded (or expected in an extreme scenario) geomagnetic storms and the impedances calculated from the geoelectrical models to derive the expected GICs in the power lines, substations, and transformers. The low geomagnetic latitude of the Canary Islands combined with the small size of their power networks, makes them one of the least likely electrified locations to record significant GICs, with less than 3 A for the 100‐year return period. Even the 13 A that could be reached for the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval at the 500‐year return period does not seem likely to have a significant impact. The Balearic Islands, being at higher latitude and with a system length of approximately 300 km, including alternating current power lines connecting the Islands, shows GIC signals of moderate amplitude with up to 40 A for the 100‐year return period.
Contribution of Fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge to the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Russo A. A. , Boutt D. F. , Munk L. A. , Jenckes J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh latitude mountain environments are experiencing disproportionately adverse effects from climate change. The Gulf of Alaska (GoA) region is an embodiment of this change, particularly concerning a shifting hydrologic balance. Even so, the magnitude and contribution of fresh submarine groundwater discharge (fresh SGD) remains virtually unexplored within the region, though it has gained increasing attention globally due to its chemical significance and influence on coastal ecosystems. Here we provide the first regional estimates of fresh SGD to the GoA using two established water balance approaches. This is an effective way to distinguish the contribution of terrestrially derived fresh SGD, rather than the more commonly quantified total SGD which includes discharge that is driven by marine forces such as sea‐level oscillations and density gradients. We compare the approaches and assess their capabilities in computing the magnitude of fresh SGD over a large regional scale. Mean annual fresh SGD flux ranges between 26.5 and 86.8 km3 yr−1 to the GoA, equivalent to 3.5%–11.4% of the total freshwater discharge. Contributions are highest in the Southeastern panhandle and lowest in the Cook Inlet basin, with the highest area normalized contribution occurring in the Prince William Sound. Fresh SGD exhibits high spatial and temporal variability throughout the region. Although freshwater discharge to the GoA is investigated considerably, the importance of fresh SGD has, thus far, been overlooked.
Lanthanide complexes with d-f transition: new emitters for single-emitting-layer white organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Fang Peiyu , Huo Peihao , Wang Liding , Zhao Zifeng , Yu Gang , Huang Yanyi , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhite organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) is a new generation of lighting technology and has stimulated wide-ranging studies. Despite the advantage of simple device structure, single-emitting-layer WOLEDs (SEL-WOLEDs) still face the challenges of difficult material screening and fine energy level regulation. Herein, we report efficient SEL-WOLEDs with a sky-blue emitting cerium(III) complex Ce-TBO2Et and an orange-red emitting europium(II) complex Eu(Tp2Et)2 as the emitters, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.9% and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage coordinates of (0.33, 0.39) at various luminances. Most importantly, the electroluminescence mechanism of direct hole capture and hindered energy transfer between the two emitters facilitate a manageable weight doping concentration of 5% for Eu(Tp2Et)2, avoiding the low concentration (<1%) of the low-energy emitter in typical SEL-WOLEDs. Our results indicate that d-f transition emitters may circumvent fine energy level regulation and provide development potential for SEL-WOLEDs.