bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAFE-AMR: a computational MHD solar physics simulation tool that uses AMR
Authors: Ochoa-Armenta Ricardo , Guzmán Francisco S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe study of our Sun holds significant importance in space weather research, encompassing a diverse range of phenomena characterized by distinct temporal and spatial scales. To address these complexities, we developed CAFE-AMR, an implementation of an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) strategy coupled with a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equation solver, aiming to tackle solar-physics-related problems. CAFE-AMR employs standard fluid dynamics methods, including finite-volume discretization, HLL and Roe class flux formulas, linear order reconstructors, second-order Runge–Kutta, and corner transport upwind time stepping. In this paper, we present the core structure of CAFE-AMR, discuss and evaluate mesh refinement criteria strategies, and conduct various tests, including simulations of idealized solar wind models, relevant for space weather applications.
The accretion/ejection link in the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 I: a boundary layer-jet coupling?
Authors: Marino A , Russell T D , Del Santo M , Beri A , Sanna A , Coti Zelati F , Degenaar N , Altamirano D , Ambrosi E , Anitra A , Carotenuto F , D’Aì A , Di Salvo T , Manca A , Motta S E , Pinto C , Pintore F , Rea N , van den Eijnden J 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The accretion flow/jet correlation in neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) is far less understood when compared to black hole (BH) LMXBs. In this paper we will present the results of a dense multiwavelength observational campaign on the NS LMXB 4U 1820-30, including X-ray (NICER, NuSTAR, and AstroSat) and quasi-simultaneous radio (ATCA) observations in 2022. 4U 1820-30 shows a peculiar 170 d super-orbital accretion modulation, during which the system evolves between ‘modes’ of high and low X-ray flux. During our monitoring, the source did not show any transition to a full hard state. X-ray spectra were well described using a disc blackbody, a Comptonization spectrum along with a Fe K emission line at ∼6.6 keV. Our results show that the observed X-ray flux modulation is almost entirely produced by changes in the size of the region providing seed photons for the Comptonization spectrum. This region is large (∼15 km) in the high mode and likely coincides with the whole boundary layer, while it shrinks significantly (≲10 km) in low mode. The electron temperature of the corona and the observed rms variability in the hard X-rays also exhibit a slight increase in low mode. As the source moves from high to low mode, the radio emission due to the jet becomes ∼5 fainter. These radio changes appear not to be strongly connected to the hard-to-soft transitions as in BH systems, while they seem to be connected mostly to variations observed in the boundary layer.
Observational constraints on the origin of the elements – VI. Origin and evolution of neutron-capture elements as probed by the Gaia-ESO survey
Authors: Lian Jianhui , Storm Nicholas , Guiglion Guillaume , Serenelli Aldo , Cote Benoit , Karakas Amanda I , Boardman Nicholas , Bergemann Maria 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Most heavy elements beyond the iron peak are synthesized via neutron capture processes. The nature of the astrophysical sites of neutron capture processes is still very unclear. In this work, we explore the observational constraints of the chemical abundances of s-process and r-process elements on the sites of neutron-capture processes by applying Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models to the data from Gaia-ESO large spectroscopic stellar survey. For the r-process, the [Eu/Fe]–[Fe/H] distribution suggests a short delay time of the site that produces Eu. Other independent observations (e.g. NS–NS binaries), however, suggest a significant fraction of long delayed (&gt;1 Gyr) neutron star mergers (NSM). When assuming NSM as the only r-process sites, these two observational constraints are inconsistent at above 1σ level. Including short delayed r-process sites like magnetorotational supernova can resolve this inconsistency. For the s-process, we find a weak metallicity dependence of the [Ba/Y] ratio, which traces the s-process efficiency. Our GCE model with up-to-date yields of AGB stars qualitatively reproduces this metallicity dependence, but the model predicts a much higher [Ba/Y] ratio compared to the data. This mismatch suggests that the s-process efficiency of low-mass AGB stars in the current AGB nucleosynthesis models could be overestimated.
Primordial power spectrum in light of JWST observations of high redshift galaxies
Authors: Parashari Priyank , Laha Ranjan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Early data releases of JWST have revealed several high redshift massive galaxy candidates by photometry, and some of them have been confirmed spectroscopically. We study their implications on the primordial power spectrum. In the first part, we use the CEERS photometric survey data, along with respective spectroscopic updates, to compute the cumulative comoving stellar mass density. We find that a very high star formation efficiency (unlikely in various theoretical scenarios) is required to explain these observations within Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We show that the tension can be eased if the primordial power spectrum has a blue tilt. In the second part, we study spectroscopically confirmed galaxies reported in the JADES survey to investigate their implications on a red-tilted primordial power spectrum. We estimate the star formation efficiency from an earlier observation at similar redshift by Spitzer, and find that the star formation efficiency is an order of magnitude smaller than required to explain the CEERS photometric observations mentioned earlier. Using the estimated star formation efficiency, we find the strongest constraints on the red tilt of the power spectrum over some scales. Our study shows that JWST will be an excellent probe of the power spectrum and can lead to novel discoveries.
4U 1626−67 returns to spin-down: timing features toe the line
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Jain Chetana , Paul Biswajit 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive analysis of X-ray pulsar  4U 1626−67 during its current spin-down (2SD) state, following a recent torque reversal. Since its discovery, this ultra-compact binary has experienced multiple torque states, transitioning from spin-up (1SU) during 1977–1990 to spin-down (1SD) during 1990–2008, and again spin-up (2SU) until 2023. From  Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray observation of May 2023, we have investigated the timing and spectral properties of this pulsar during its 2SD phase, while also comparing them with previous spin-up-down states. For energies up to 8 keV, a distinct bi-horned pulse profile was observed during the spin-up phase, while several substructures emerged during spin-down. Beyond 8 keV, a broad asymmetric peak was consistently observed across all torque states. The pulse fraction during the 2SD phase was higher than that during 2SU phase. A prominent ∼46.8 mHz quasi-periodic oscillation has been exclusively detected during the spin-down phase. The broad-band spectrum during the 2SD phase is described by empirical Negative and Positive power-law with Exponential cutoff model, cyclotron absorption feature and its first harmonic. The spectrum during 2SU phase requires an additional blackbody component and asymmetry in the cyclotron absorption line. A significant flux drop by a factor of ∼3 in the 2SD was observed.
IGHV allele similarity clustering improves genotype inference from adaptive immune receptor repertoire sequencing data
Authors: Peres Ayelet , Lees William D , Rodriguez Oscar L , Lee Noah Y , Polak Pazit , Hope Ronen , Kedmi Meirav , Collins Andrew M , Ohlin Mats , Kleinstein Steven H , Watson Corey T , Yaari Gur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis, determining the germline variable (V) allele associated with each T- and B-cell receptor sequence is a crucial step. This process is highly impacted by allele annotations. Aligning sequences, assigning them to specific germline alleles, and inferring individual genotypes are challenging when the repertoire is highly mutated, or sequence reads do not cover the whole V region. Here, we propose an alternative naming scheme for the V alleles, as well as a novel method to infer individual genotypes. We demonstrate the strengths of the two by comparing their outcomes to other genotype inference methods. We validate the genotype approach with independent genomic long-read data. The naming scheme is compatible with current annotation tools and pipelines. Analysis results can be converted from the proposed naming scheme to the nomenclature determined by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Both the naming scheme and the genotype procedure are implemented in a freely available R package (PIgLET https://bitbucket.org/yaarilab/piglet). To allow researchers to further explore the approach on real data and to adapt it for their uses, we also created an interactive website (https://yaarilab.github.io/IGHV_reference_book).
CLRM-10 ENHANCED PATIENT CARE FOR BRAIN METASTASIS PATIENTS UTILIZING A DEDICATED METASTASIS TUMOR BOARD
Authors: Rogers Lisa , Robin Adam , Shah Mira , Siddiqui Salim , Snyder Jim , Walbert Tobias , Lee Ian , MIkkelsen Tom , Rock Jack , Scarpace Lisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients with brain metastases are a heterogeneous population. In contrast to patients with primary brain tumors, these patients require individualized therapy based on the type and status of systemic cancer, number and volume of brain metastases, anticipated efficacy of therapy and survival. Therapeutic options for brain metastasis; surgical, radiation and precision medicine approaches have increased in recent years as has survival for a number of cancers, leading to more sophisticated care. To meet this challenge in January 2023 we organized a dedicated brain metastasis tumor board.

METHODS
We reviewed the number of total patients, and those newly-diagnosed, presented at the dedicated brain metastasis board in the first 10 weeks of 2023 as compared with the same time interval the prior year where similar cases were presented at a general brain tumor board. We also assessed change in practice pattern based on the dedicated metastasis tumor board.

RESULTS
89 patients were presented in the first 10 weeks of 2023, including 75 who were newly diagnosed. The total number and those newly diagnosed are 17% higher than the prior year. The dedicated brain metastasis board, staffed by experts in brain metastases, allowed for earlier identification of patients eligible for clinical trial and additionally our review of patients identified the need for standardizing advanced imaging techniques including high resolution, higher contrast-dose MRI scans for better assessment of brain metastases across our hospital sites.

CONCLUSION
We found that a dedicated brain metastasis board increased the number of patients presented for multidisciplinary review, including new patients, which served to better identify those eligible for clinical trial. It led to a consensus to incorporate advanced imaging techniques for assessing treatment response. The experience is superior to inclusion of these patients in a general brain tumor board.
LMAP-14 EFFECT OF TRANSLATIONAL VARIATION ON DOSE CHANGE ADOPTED FOR CONE-BEAM CT GUIDED FRAME BASED STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Anbumani Silambarasan , Noid George , Puckett Lindsay , Straza Michael , Schultz Christopher , Bovi Joseph 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Gamma knife (GK) is a highly precise form of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) that delivers high doses of radiation to small, well-defined targets in a variety of tumor and vascular abnormalities. In some frame-based cases, a small translation can occur between the planning MRI and the cone-beam CT acquired at the time of treatment. Measuring the effect of patient translation on the dose distribution may be useful for informing clinical decisions. Materials/

METHODS
This retrospective study of 113 planning target volumes (PTV) from 33 patients investigates the effect of translational variation on dose metrics recalculated based on cone-beam CT guided for frame based GK radiosurgery. The approved dose adjustments after the original treatment plan in terms of change in mean dose and dose coverage were compared with corresponding translation variation and the volume of PTV. The magnitude of translational variation was compared with the change in dose distribution.

RESULTS
We observed about 53% of cases have at least 0.1 Gy to max 1.2 Gy change in mean dose approved for the translation variation of patients while about 20% of cases have dose coverage fraction change in the range of 2-10%. Furthermore, the change in mean dose and coverage fraction is not linear with the translation variation, but a significant number of dose changes is observed when the variation magnitude is &gt;0.5 mm. PTV volume varied between 0.04 to 22 cm3 and the dose change has been most often adopted when the volume is &lt;2.5 cm3 and the change increases for the decreasing PTV volume.

CONCLUSION
This work provides new insights identifying the suitable tolerance level for translational variations of patients and the resulting impact on the prescribed dose for frame-based SRS.
LMAP-21 PRELIMINARY CLINICAL DATA IN THE PHASE 1/2A DOSE ESCALATION TRIAL OF RHENIUM (186RE) OBISBEMEDA (186RNL) IN LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASES (LM): THE RESPECT-LM TRIAL
Authors: Youssef Michael , Bao Ande , Phillips William , Hedrick Marc , Moore Melissa , LaFrance Norman , Patel Toral , Floyd John , Brenner Andrew , Michalek Joel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are an increasing complication of metastatic cancer with limited treatment options and poor survival. 186RNL is BMEDA-chelated 186Re encapsulated in nanoliposomes. 186Re’s ~2 mm beta emission path length provides direct delivery of radiation therapy while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. A Phase I dose escalation safety and efficacy study (ReSPECT-LM, NCT05034497) is current enrolling.

METHODS
ReSPECT-LM is a multi-center, sequential cohort, open-label, dose-escalation, Phase 1/2a clinical trial in adults evaluating the safety, tolerability, and activity of a single dose of 186RNL given via Ommaya reservoir. The primary objectives are maximum tolerated dose, safety, progression, and survival. Using a modified 3x3 Fibonacci design, increasing doses were administered in 5 mL followed by whole body planar and SPECT/CT imaging for dosimetry and distribution. CSF tumor cell count/mL using microfluidic chamber assay was assessed up to 56 days.

RESULTS
A total of 7 LM patients have been treated (3 male, 4 female) with metastatic oropharyngeal, breast, and lung cancer. One patient was treated twice (retreatment). 186RNL showed prompt, complete distribution throughout the CSF with durable retention in the subarachnoid space and leptomeninges. Absorbed doses ≥20 Gy to the ventricles and cranial subarachnoid spaces were measured. In patients positive for CSF tumor cells, a decrease in counts ranging from 50-92% was observed. Six patients remain alive, while 1 patient has died due to primary tumor progression. No patients had treatment related adverse events (AEs) greater than Grade 1, and the most common AE was headache.

CONCLUSION
Preliminary, interim results of this ongoing study showed that a single treatment with 186RNL delivered by an intraventricular catheter is well tolerated, without dose limiting toxicity and with decreased CSF tumor cell counts durable through at least 30 days. Enrollment and dose escalation is continuing, and repeated dosing will be further explored.
NEIM-01 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN THE GLIOMA MICROENVIRONMENT: USING PET IMAGING TO HIGHLIGHT THE PRESENCE OF TIGIT
Authors: Frederico Stephen , Vincze Sarah , Nisnboym Michal , Li Bo , Sneiderman Chaim , Server ReidAnn , Day Kathryn , LaToche Joseph , Nedrow Jessie , Edwards Wilson , Kohanbash Gary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Malignant gliomas are one of the drivers of brain tumor patient mortality as these tumors respond poorly to conventional therapies and are known to grow aggressively. Many clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of novel immuno-therapeutics targeted to gliomas; however, these trials have largely been unsuccessful. It is believed that one of the primary reasons immunotherapies have been unsuccessful in gliomas is due to the highly immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an IC receptor that is expressed on activated T cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and Regulatory T cells (Tregs). It has been well established that TIGIT has a primary role in down-regulating T cell and NK cell function and can serve as an inhibitor of anti-tumor immune responses. Our laboratory and others have shown that anti-TIGIT therapy may be promising for the treatment of adult gliomas via glioma patient transcriptomic data and preclinical models. In this study, our team created a radiolabeled tracer (referred to as 89Zr-DFO-TIGIT) that bound TIGIT antigen with moderate immunoreactivity (57.7% ± 3.5%). Binding affinity was determined by performing bead-based immunoreactivity assays. To create 89Zr-DFO-TIGIT, a TIGIT monoclonal antibody was conjugated to the metal chelator DFO and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Following tracer preparation, glioma-bearing mice (GL261 cell line) were injected with 89Zr-DFO-TIGIT allowing for the visualization of TIGIT in the tumor microenvironment. PET imaging analyses revealed tracer-to-tumor uptake that increased from day one to day eight while biodistribution studies confirmed that there were significantly higher amounts of 89Zr-DFO-TIGIT detected in the glioma-bearing mouse brain hemisphere compared to the non-tumor bearing hemisphere. We now intend to evaluate 89Zr-DFO-TIGIT in a glioma-bearing large animal model to determine if this method demonstrates similar efficacy in visualizing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment before proceeding to clinical studies.
SDPS-22 THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ATYPICAL TERATOID/RHABDOID TUMOR FROM ONE SINGLE CLINICAL CENTER
Authors: Li Juan , Ai Ruyu , Lai Mingyao , Hu Qingjun , Cai Linbo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor that occurs most commonly in infants and young children. The prognosis for patients with AT/RT is generally poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 30%.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with AT/RT in the past 10 years at the Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital

RESULTS
A total of 18 cases (male/female = 9:9; median age at diagnosis, 3.5 years (range 1-58 years old)) were diagnosed with AT/RT between 2017 and 2023. AT/RT had higher prevalence in children &lt; 36 months (55.6%), and at infratentorial (66.7%). The median follow-up time was 15.5 months, with a range of 2-62 months. Survival analyses demonstrated that patients &gt; 3 years of age (n = 9 (50%)) had median survival time 28months and patients ≤ 3 years of age (n = 9 (50%)) had median- survival time 15 months (p =0.034) The average survival time for disseminated tumor was 15 months, and for patients with localizedtumors was 44 months. (P=0.012)

CONCLUSION
Older age, localized tumor improves the survival of patients with AT/RT.
SDPS-23 CUMULATIVE TUMOR VOLUME THRESHOLD CORRELATES WITH NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: Zhen Junjie , Cao Xiangyi , Wen Lei , Wang Hui , Lai Mingyao , Cai Linbo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To explore the basic situation of cognitive function in patients with initial state of brain metastasis and the potential factors affecting cognitive function, so as to find the critical value of cumulative tumor volume leading to cognitive dysfunction.

METHODS
A total of 284 patients who were newly diagnosed with brain metastases and underwent cognitive testing before radiotherapy in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The basic demographic information of the patients, KPS at the time of initial diagnosis, the number of brain metastases, the cumulative tumor volume, and the cognitive function test data before treatment were organized.

RESULTS
The cognitive impairment occurred in 100/284 patients (the criteria for cognitive impairment is that at least two of the eight sub-tests are less than 1.5 standard deviation or at least one is less than 2 standard deviations). Multivariate analysis showed that the number of tumors was not a factor in cognitive dysfunction. Age, gender, KPS, educational level, and cumulative tumor volume were risk factors affecting cognitive function. The cumulative tumor volume cut-off value for MOCA, HVLT-R immediate memory, HVLT-R delayed memory, VFT, TMT-A, and TMT-B cognitive impairment were 13.608, 13.125, 11.070, 14.523, 11.070, and 11.113 cc, respectively, while cut-off value for SDMT and TOL were 5.435 and 4.528 cc, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Before treatment, cognitive impairment of brain metastases had no significant correlation with the number of metastases but had a significant correlation with the cumulative tumor volume. The cumulative tumor volume cut-off value involving overall cognitive dysfunction, memory dysfunction, speech dysfunction, and decreased thinking speed is between 11-14.5 cc, and the cumulative tumor volume critical threshold involving executive dysfunction and computational dysfunction is between 4.5-5.5 cc.
SPCR-06 FINANCIAL AID REQUESTS BY BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS IN ONTARIO THROUGH GOFUNDM
Authors: Devaraja Kaviya , iyengar Yajur , Zhang Andy , Avery Jonathan , Climans Seth 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE
Ontario brain tumor patients sometimes suffer the burden of responsibility to pay for treatments like oral chemotherapy. However, less is known about other direct and indirect financial costs due to their diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze publicly-available data from GoFundMe, an online fundraising platform, to explore the financial needs of brain tumor patients.

METHOD
A qualitative descriptive design drawing on thematic analysis was used to analyze GoFundMe requests to support individuals diagnosed with brain cancer in Ontario between 2014 and 2021. A coding framework was created to determine emerging themes using qualitative data analysis software NVivo 10.

RESULTS
There were 195 fundraising requests. Requests described financial strain from the loss of income experienced by the patient and their caregivers to afford cancer treatments. Requests highlighted 1) an overall lack of awareness of how and where to access financial aid and affordable psychosocial support; 2) concerns over the long-term financial well-being of bereaving family members; 3) A call for more public awareness of the financial burden and emotional distress experienced by of those impacted by brain cancer.

CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
These GoFundMe requests highlight a connection between financial burden and emotional distress and an overall lack of awareness of where/how to seek financial and emotional support. These results will serve as the foundation to advocate for and raise awareness of the financial assistance needed by brain tumor patients and their families.