bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing unveils critical regulators in various hippocampal neurons for anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Bai Yunmeng , Liu Zhuhe , Qian Tinglin , Peng Yu , Ma Huan , Hu Hong , Cheng Guangqing , Wen Haixia , Xie Lulin , Zheng Dong , Geng Qingshan , Wang Jigang , Wang Honghao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuropsychiatric disease with variable clinical manifestations caused by NMDAR autoantibody. The underlying molecular underpinnings of this disease are rarely characterized on a genomic scale. Anti‐NMDAR encephalitis mainly affects the hippocampus, however, its effect on gene expression in hippocampal neurons is unclear at present. Here, we construct the active and passive immunization mouse models of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, and use single‐nucleus RNA sequencing to investigate the diverse expression profile of neuronal populations isolated from different hippocampal regions. Dramatic changes in cell proportions and differentially expressed genes were observed in excitatory neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. In addition, we found that ATP metabolism and biosynthetic regulators related genes in excitatory neurons of DG subregion were significantly affected. Kcnq1ot1 in inhibitory neurons and Meg3 in interneurons also changed. Notably, the latter two molecules exhibited opposite changes in different models. Therefore, the above genes were used as potential targets for further research on the pathological process of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. These data involve various hippocampal neurons, which delineate a framework for understanding the hippocampal neuronal circuit and the potential molecular mechanisms of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ improves the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by regulating smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching
Authors: Lien Chih‐Feng , Lin Chin‐Sheng , Shyue Song‐Kun , Hsieh Po‐Shiuan , Chen Sy‐Jou , Lin Yi‐Tan , Chien Shu , Tsai Min‐Chien 
Published: March 2023

Background and PurposeVascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo phenotypic switching during sustained inflammation, contributing to an unfavourable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. PPARδ plays an important role in regulating SMC functions; however, its role in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability remains unclear. Here, we explored the pathological roles of PPARδ in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in severe atherosclerosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.Experimental ApproachPlasma levels of PPARδ were measured in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable angina (SA). SMC contractile and synthetic phenotypic markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability were analysed for the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E‐knockout (ApoE−/−) mice, fed a high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with or without the PPARδ agonist GW501516. In vitro, the role of PPARδ was elucidated using human aortic SMCs (HASMCs).Key ResultsPatients with ACS had significantly lower plasma PPARδ levels than those with SA. GW501516 reduced atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, a synthetic SMC phenotype, ER stress markers, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in HCD‐fed ApoE−/− mice. ER stress suppressed PPARδ expression in HASMCs. PPARδ activation inhibited ER stress‐induced synthetic phenotype development, ER stress‐NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in HASMCs. PPARδ inhibited NFκB signalling and alleviated ER stress‐induced SMC phenotypic switching.Conclusions and ImplicationsLow plasma PPARδ levels may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PPARδ on SMC phenotypic switching and improvement the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
Staff experience of a new approach to family safeguarding in OxfordshireChildren's Social Care Services
Authors: Buivydaite Ruta , Morgan Mia , Irving Dulcie , Carter James , Farncombe Hannah , Vincent Charles 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the findings from a qualitative study that sought to understand the experiences of frontline staff working in Oxfordshire County Council (OCC) Children's Social Care Services and their views on a new family safeguarding model (Family Solutions Plus). Focus group interviews were conducted with 20 frontline staff and managers in different teams across OCC Children's Social Care Services using video conferencing software. Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: Preparation for the implementation of Family Solutions Plus, staff views on the implemented model, and challenges to its implementation. Staff voiced strong support for the new model, which places a much greater emphasis than previous practice on supporting the whole family, developing parenting skills and keeping children safe with their families. The challenges associated with the transition to a new model were considerable in the short term, partly due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, but there was optimism that the new model could be sustained and stabilized over time.
Deep brain stimulation improves central nervous system inflammation in Parkinson's disease: Evidence and perspectives
Authors: Chang Lei , Dong Wen‐Wen , Luo Bei , Qiu Chang , Lu Yue , Lin Xing‐Jian , Zhang Wen‐Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation may lead to the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Previous studies showed that inflammatory mediators mainly contributed to this phenomenon. On the other hand, invasive neuromodulation methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) have better therapeutic effects for PD. One possibility is that DBS improves PD by influencing inflammation. Therefore, we further explored the mechanisms underlying inflammatory mediators and DBS in the pathogenesis of PD.MethodsWe measured serum levels of two inflammatory markers, namely RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), using Luminex assays in 109 preoperative DBS PD patients, 49 postoperative DBS PD patients, and 113 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The plasma protein data of the different groups were then statistically analyzed.ResultsRANTES (p < 0.001) and TNF‐α (p = 0.005) levels differed significantly between the three groups. A strong and significant correlation between RANTES levels and Hoehn‐Yahr (H‐Y) stage was observed in preoperative PD patients (rs = 0.567, p < 0.001). Significant correlations between RANTES levels and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) score (rs1 = 0.644, p = 0.033 and rs2 = 0.620, p = 0.042) were observed in matched patients. No correlation was observed for TNF‐α levels.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that PD patients have a persistent inflammatory profile, possibly via recruitment of activated monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system (CNS). DBS was shown to have a significant therapeutic effect on PD, which may arise by improving the inflammatory environment of the central nervous system.
Creative thinking and brain network development in schoolchildren
Authors: Duval Philippe Eon , Fornari Eleonora , Décaillet Marion , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Beaty Roger E. , Denervaud Solange 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFostering creative minds has always been a premise to ensure adaptation to new challenges of human civilization. While some alternative educational settings (i.e., Montessori) were shown to nurture creative skills, it is unknown how they impact underlying brain mechanisms across the school years. This study assessed creative thinking and resting‐state functional connectivity via fMRI in 75 children (4–18 y.o.) enrolled either in Montessori or traditional schools. We found that pedagogy significantly influenced creative performance and underlying brain networks. Replicating past work, Montessori‐schooled children showed higher scores on creative thinking tests. Using static functional connectivity analysis, we found that Montessori‐schooled children showed decreased within‐network functional connectivity of the salience network. Moreover, using dynamic functional connectivity, we found that traditionally‐schooled children spent more time in a brain state characterized by high intra‐default mode network connectivity. These findings suggest that pedagogy may influence brain networks relevant to creative thinking—particularly the default and salience networks. Further research is needed, like a longitudinal study, to verify these results given the implications for educational practitioners. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWV_5o8wB5g .Research Highlights
Most executive jobs are prospected to be obsolete within several decades, so creative skills are seen as essential for the near future.
School experience has been shown to play a role in creativity development, however, the underlying brain mechanisms remained under‐investigated yet.
Seventy‐five 4–18 years‐old children, from Montessori or traditional schools, performed a creativity task at the behavioral level, and a 6‐min resting‐state MR scan.
We uniquely report preliminary evidence for the impact of pedagogy on functional brain networks.
Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)
Authors: Lawson April L. , Malalana Fernando , Mair Tim S. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBackgroundThere is limited evidence regarding the treatment and outcomes of larval cyathostominosis.ObjectivesTo describe the presentation, treatment and outcomes of horses with larval cyathostominosis in two equine hospitals.Study designRetrospective, multicentred cohort study.MethodsClinical records were reviewed (2009–2020). Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of larval cyathostominosis (determined by faecal assessment and/or post‐mortem examination). Data were assessed for normality. Descriptive analysis was performed for frequency results and central tendencies. Statistical analysis between survivors and nonsurvivors was determined by Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student'st‐test/Mann–Whitney for continuous variables.ResultsOf 38 cases, 21 (55%) were nonsurvivors (3/38 dead on arrival). Nonsurvivors died by 2.9 days ± 2.4. Tachycardia (mean 61 beats/min ± 14), leucocytosis (mean 17.1 × 109/L ± 9.1), neutrophilia (mean 14.1 × 109/L ± 8.5), hypoalbuminaemia (mean 21.6 g/L ± 6.0), hyperfibrinogenaemia (mean 7.4 g/L ± 2.6) and elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) (median 315.0 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 117.0–1460.0) were consistent findings. Faecal shedding ofSalmonellaspp. occurred in four cases. The mean last recorded albumin was 18.6 g/L ± 4.5 and total protein (TP) 52.3 g/L ± 13.6. Crystalloids were administered in 25/35, synthetic colloids in 5/35 and plasma in 17/35 cases. Anthelmintic treatment was administered in 25/35 cases, of which 22 also received corticosteroids. Recumbency prior to admission (p = 0.037) and administration of isotonic fluid therapy (p = 0.027) were associated with nonsurvival. From peripheral blood analysis, lower TP (p = 0.006) and higher SAA (p = 0.050) concentrations at admission as well as lower last recorded TP (p = 0.002) and lower last recorded albumin concentrations (p = 0.028) were associated with nonsurvival.Main limitationsResults may not be applicable to other populations.ConclusionsReferred cases of larval cyathostominosis have a low survival rate. Several variables are associated with reduced survival: history of recumbency, isotonic fluid therapy, elevated SAA at admission, low TP at admission, low last recorded TP and low last recorded albumin.
What makes people feel loved? An exploratory study on core elements of love across family, romantic, and friend relationships
Authors: Xia Mengya , Chen Yi , Dunne Shannon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith research long focusing on distinct characteristics of different love types, little is known about love as a general feeling across relationship contexts. To explore the core elements of love as perceived by laypeople and whether these elements weigh differently in different relationships, grounded theory was used to analyze open‐ended responses from 468 individuals about their feeling loved in family, romantic, and friend relationships. Results indicated that the feeling of love is an interpersonal process in which one receives positive responsiveness from the other and experiences an authentic connection with the other, consistently across conditions and time (i.e., in a sense of stability); three core elements were shared across family, romantic, and friend relationships. Chi‐square independence tests revealed differentiated weights for love elements in three relationships, which corresponded to the prototypical love definition in family, romantic, and friend relationships. Findings suggested an integrated theoretical conceptualization of love as a shared feeling and asset across relationships, which provided important insights on love conceptualization, assessment, and study design, as well as implications for the treatment of dysfunctional relationships, best practices in daily interpersonal interactions, and improvement in intervention and therapy.
Multimethod analysis of three rotary instruments produced by electric discharge machining technology
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Ajuz Natasha C. , Martins Jorge N. R. , Antunes Bernardo R. , Lima Carolina O. , Vieira Victor T. L. , Braz‐Fernandes Francisco Manuel , Versiani Marco A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare three rotary instruments produced by the EDM process with the heat‐treated ProTaper Gold system regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical properties and shaping ability.MethodologyHyFlex EDM (25/~), Neoniti (25/.06), EDMax (25/.06) and ProTaper Gold (25/.08v) instruments (n = 58 per group) were compared regarding design, metallurgy and mechanical performance. Unprepared canal areas were calculated for each system after preparation of mesiobuccal, mesiolingual and distal canals of mandibular molars (15 canals per group) using micro‐CT technology. Statistical analyses were performed using One‐way anova post‐hoc Tukey and Kruskal–Wallis post‐hoc Dunn's tests (α = 5%).ResultsAll instruments had asymmetrical blades, no radial lands, no major defects and almost equiatomic nickel/titanium ratios, but different cross‐section designs, tip geometries and surface appearances. Although instruments had distinct transformation temperature curves, they showed crystallographic martensitic arrangement at 21°C and mixed austenite plus R‐phase at body temperature. Neoniti and HyFlex EDM showed similar results in all mechanical tests (p > .05), while EDMax and ProTaper Gold had similar time to fracture (p = .841), maximum bending load (p = .729), and cutting ability (p = .985). ProTaper Gold showed the highest torque to failure (p < .001) and HyFlex EDM had the lowest buckling resistance (p < .001). Mean percentages of unprepared canal areas ranged from 20.4% to 25.7% in the mesial canals, and from 20.8% to 26.2% in the distal canal, with no statistical differences among systems (p > .05).ConclusionsInstruments' geometry and phase transformation temperatures influenced the results of the mechanical tests, but not their shaping ability.
Research Review: Integrated healthcare for children and young people in secondary/tertiary care – a systematic review
Authors: Pygott Naomi , Hartley Alex , Seregni Francesca , Ford Tamsin J. , Goodyer Ian M. , Necula Andreea , Banu Arina , Anderson Joanna K. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundChildren and young people (CYP) with comorbid physical and/or mental health conditions often struggle to receive a timely diagnosis, access specialist mental health care, and more likely to report unmet healthcare needs. Integrated healthcare is an increasingly explored model to support timely access, quality of care and better outcomes for CYP with comorbid conditions. Yet, studies evaluating the effectiveness of integrated care for paediatric populations are scarce.Aim and MethodsThis systematic review synthesises and evaluates the evidence for effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of integrated care for CYP in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases: Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, ERIC, ASSIA and British Education Index.FindingsA total of 77 papers describing 67 unique studies met inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that integrated care models, particularly system of care and care coordination, improve access and user experience of care. The results on improving clinical outcomes and acute resource utilisation are mixed, largely due to the heterogeneity of studied interventions and outcome measures used. No definitive conclusion can be drawn on cost‐effectiveness since studies focused mainly on costs of service delivery. The majority of studies were rated as weak by the quality appraisal tool used.ConclusionsThe evidence of on clinical effectiveness of integrated healthcare models for paediatric populations is limited and of moderate quality. Available evidence is tentatively encouraging, particularly in regard to access and user experience of care. Given the lack of specificity by medical groups, however, the precise model of integration should be undertaken on a best‐practice basis taking the specific parameters and contexts of the health and care environment into account. Agreed practical definitions of integrated care and associated key terms, and cost‐effectiveness evaluations are a priority for future research.
Clinical benefit and tolerance profile of a keratolytic and hydrating shampoo in subjects with mild to moderate psoriasis. Results from a double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Massiot Philippe , Pinto Pedro Contreiras , Leclerc‐Mercier Stephanie , Rasmont Virginie , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Rudnicka Lidia , Reygagne Pascal , Melo Daniel Fernandes , Vano‐Galvan Sergio , Wu Wen‐Yu , Kerob Delphine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionScalp psoriasis frequently goes with other disease location and may lead to a significant burden and impairment of quality of life (QoL). Adherence to local treatments is a frequent problem. A keratolytic and hydrating shampoo containing 2% salicylic acid, 5% urea, and 1% glycerin (active shampoo) has been developed for psoriasis‐prone scalp.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of an active shampoo in subjects with mild to moderate scalp psoriasis.Materials and methodsA single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study was conducted on 67 adults with mild to moderate psoriasis. The active shampoo or its vehicle were applied daily for 14 days and 3 times/week for another 14 days. Assessments included the Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI), Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), calculated total surface affected hair, scalp greasiness, irritation, and assessed scalp dermatitis–specific quality‐of‐life issues using SCALPDEX and product acceptability.ResultsThe active shampoo significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the PSSI by 39.0%, 37.2%, 63.0%, and 69.0% immediately after washing compared to a 22.8%, 5.5%, 19.6%, and 13.0% with the vehicle at Days 1, 8, 15, and 30, respectively. SCALPDEX items, IGA, and irritation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with the active shampoo. Hair and scalp greasiness improved continuously with both products until Day 21. Subject‐reported symptom scores paralleled the positive evolution of clinical signs. The active shampoo was well tolerated, subjects were highly satisfied and had an improved QoL.ConclusionThe active shampoo significantly improved clinical signs, symptoms, and QoL of mild‐to‐moderate scalp psoriasis compared to the vehicle. It was very well tolerated and highly appreciated by the subjects.
The economics of standards: A literature review
Authors: Yang Lijuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe economics of standards pertains to the investigation of economic problems related to standards. It was established as a field of research between 2000 and 2010 and has developed rapidly since. Focusing on the relevant theories, methods, and issues, this article systematically summarizes and evaluates the extant literature on the economics of standards. The theory section concentrates on the classification, supply–demand, and economic effects of standards. The method section expands on these theoretical and empirical dimensions, while the final issue section focuses on standards alongside economic growth, trade, and innovation. The study's findings have implications for promoting teaching and research on the economics of standards and improving the practice of standardization.
Visibility Bias in the Transmission of Consumption Beliefs and Undersaving
Authors: HAN BING , HIRSHLEIFER DAVID , WALDEN JOHAN 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe model visibility bias in the social transmission of consumption behavior. When consumption is more salient than nonconsumption, people perceive that others are consuming heavily, and infer that future prospects are favorable. This increases aggregate consumption in a positive feedback loop. A distinctive implication is that disclosure policy interventions can ameliorate undersaving. In contrast with wealth‐signaling models, information asymmetry about wealthreducesoverconsumption. The model predicts that saving is influenced by social connectedness, observation biases, and demographic structure, and provides new insight into savings rates. These predictions are distinct from other common models of consumption distortions.
Momentary assessment of the relations between narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression
Authors: Du Tianwei V. , Lane Sean P. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study explores the associations among narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression using repeated, situation‐based measurement. We examine narcissism's relations with aggression across three levels of its theorized hierarchy (level 1: narcissism; level 2: grandiose vs. vulnerable narcissism; level 3: antagonism, agentic extraversion, and narcissistic neuroticism).MethodsUsing an experience‐sampling approach, the current study examined the effects of narcissism and its finer‐grained components on daily affective experiences and aggressive behaviors in the context of interpersonal interactions. Data were collected from 477 undergraduate students who were instructed to complete four prompts a day for ten consecutive days.ResultsNarcissism at the global construct level positively predicted multiple indices of episodic aggression (i.e., aggressive temper, aggressive urge, verbal aggression). At the dual‐dimension level, grandiose narcissism specifically predicted aggression, and then at the trifurcated level, interpersonal antagonism predicted aggression by itself and in interaction with event‐level negative affect. Negative affect consistently exhibited both within‐ and between‐person effects on aggression.ConclusionIn real‐life social interactions, narcissism dimensions differentially affect the way individuals experience social interactions and process negative affect, and thus in both research and clinical practice, narcissism is best assessed as a heterogeneous, multidimensional construct.