bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doctors, Women, and Bodies
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the women who prepared Cornell’s corpse for burial take the witness stand, the trial pivots toward questions of whether there was visible evidence of violence on the deceased’s body. The women report having seen very bad bruises on Cornell’s back, abdomen, and genitals. They also consistently agree that some of the bruises on her body resembled handprints that must have been “done by some person’s hands besides her own.” Conflicts arise over the witnesses’ conclusions regarding the possibility of rape or abortion. Fall River’s doctors testify about their examination of the corpse in two autopsies. Lines of combat emerge over what Cornell’s dead body reveals and who is qualified to be a competent interpreter of that body.
Bad Stories
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gossip networks of Cornell’s Methodist “sisters” expose how sex talk can overlap with everyday religious occasions for storytelling. Numerous Methodist women testify, with an exceptional degree of recall, about every detail of the sexual behavior of Maria Cornell, their co-worker and Methodist sister. They listened with keen interest to the “bad stories” that Cornell confessed to them, then repeated those stories with passionate interest to other women and to Methodist ministers. This was gossip at work, to be sure, but it also overlapped with everyday religious occasions for storytelling. The affinity between gossip and confession reveals the uncomfortable intertwining of sex and religion in Methodist practice.
Passion and Self-Murder
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The defense strategy of demeaning the moral character of Maria Cornell aligns with efforts to prove that her death was a suicide rather than a murder. Across the landscape of New England’s factory towns, Cornell’s co-workers are summoned to recount her confessions as to how she was tempted to commit suicide, thus revealing changing attitudes toward mental illness; associations of madness with female emotions, sexuality, and deviance; and fears that a changing society is making Americans more susceptible to insanity and suicide. Suicide stories, including those told about Maria Cornell, captivate Americans in this era because they are convinced that they live in a society that fosters insanity and suicide.
Epilogue
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Whether it is moral outrage, insatiable curiosity, or conspiratorial dreaming, the public frenzy over the factory girl and the Methodist preacher lasts far longer than anyone at the time expects. Still, the social drama that erupts around the tragic encounter between Avery and Cornell, and the question of whether or not he murdered her, eventually plays itself out. The nation’s first “trial of the century” does not resolve the expansive societal questions it has provoked nor ease people’s anxieties about the revolutions they were living through. The reading public, instead, is soon pulled toward a growing national preoccupation with slavery, antislavery, and the nation’s deepening divisions that would culminate in civil war.
Utilitarian Nature
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
By the end of the Classical era, words meaning animal, vegetable, and mineral were in everyday use beyond the philosophical schools, and meant more-or-less what they mean today. Opinions differed on whether sponges and corals are plants or animals, but they were not considered to be members of a third or intermediate group. Books of agriculture, animal husbandry, and medicine appeared, as did herbals, pharmacopœias, and bestiaries. The Physiologus introduced a thick layer of Christian allegory. This chapter examines the high-level classification of organisms implicit in the works of Cicero, Lucretius, Seneca, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, Hippocrates, Galen, Aelian, and other practically minded authors from the Third century bce through the Second century ce.
Christian Nature
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the delineation of plants and animals (as high-level groups) in early Christianity. Some, but not all, Church Fathers considered philosophy a useful handmaiden to theology. Hexæmeral works (that is, on the Six Days of Creation) embedded the Aristotelian concept of superadditive vegetative, sensible, and rational souls into an unimpeachably Christian tradition. Augustine and others accepted these three major genera, while Nemesius drew attention to zoophytes, and John of Damascus divided the animate into animal, zoophyte, and plant. These distinctions were put to use in theology, apologetics, allegory, or logic, not as natural history in its own right.
Islamic and Jewish Nature
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the delineation of plants and animals (as high-level groups) in Islam and Judaism. Islamic scholars rendered wide swathes of the Hellenic philosophical corpus into Arabic, including several works that mention zoophytes. With the Book of treasures, the concept zoophyte (but not the term itself) reached Islamic natural philosophy beyond the translations. The hierarchy minerals, plants, animals passed into kalām, falsafah, ṣufiyya, and other strains of the religious and cultural tradition, without recognition of zoophyta. The Jewish religious and mystical traditions likewise ignored zoophyta. In the Twelfth century, works by Themistius, Simplicius, Philoponus, Nemesius, and John of Damascus were brought into Latin, although in most cases directly from Greek rather than via Arabic versions.
The return of the zoophytes
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the diffusion of the term zoophyta into Europe following its appearance in Italy, first in Greek (1439) and later in Latin (1489). The printing-press was introduced to Italy in 1465, and extant classical texts mentioning zoophytes were printed in the decades after 1480. Dictionaries and grammars soon appeared, some in the developing European vernacular languages; zoophyta appears in the Dictionarium of Antonio de Nebrija (1516), followed by the Lexicon Graecolatinvm of Gerard Morrhius (1530). Ten case studies illustrate the diffusion of zoophyta into different languages, countries, and fields of enquiry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries.
The most wretched creatures
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how microscopic beings were integrated into high-level biological classification in the century following their discovery by Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1674). The existence of tiny beings was not entirely unanticipated, but nonetheless evinced disbelief, wonder, and debate on whether they are animals or plants. John Turberville Needham and the Comte du Buffon developed a theory in which plant and animal bodies are composed of microscopic beings, and release them again upon death. Needham later identified zoophytes as one of four “ideas” in the natural world. As optical technology improved and microscopes became more accessible, Henry Baker, August Rösel von Rosenhof, Martin Ledermüller, and Heinrich Wrisberg described many more little beings, calling them insects or worms.
Continuity in the living world
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
From Boëthius onward, nearly everyone who took a philosophic approach to the natural world acknowledged animals, vegetables, and minerals as the main (or only) genera of earthly things, and arranged them as had Aristotle, with animals closest to man and minerals the most distant. This Great Chain of Being had come under attack before, but in the mid-1700s naturalists struggled to accommodate two new discoveries: that the flower-like polyps of corals are animals (or zoophytes), and the regenerative powers of the freshwater hydra. The Great Chain reached the apex of its development in the work of Charles Bonnet, who however allowed that some individual genera may not fit neatly into a linear scale, or indeed may deviate away, like branches from the trunk of a tree. This chapter concludes with the early, nuanced view of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck on continuity in nature (1778).
Beyond three kingdoms
Authors: Ragan Mark A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-level classifications of the living world proliferated during the Twentieth century. Consensus grew that bacteria and blue-green algae lack organized nuclei, although the primary data remained controversial until the advent of electron microscopy. From 1925, bacteria and blue-green algae were segregated into a kingdom or superkingdom of precellular or anucleate beings. The most successful of these arrangements, the prokaryote-eukaryote distinction of Chatton, was integrated into classifications based on genealogy, form, or functional role in ecosystems. Resemblances between bacteria and mitochondria, and between blue-green algae and chloroplasts, gave rise to hypotheses that the eukaryotic cell had arisen by serial endosymbiosis. Evidence from genetics and ultrastructure supported a symbiotic origin, and the inferred symbiotic events were used to define kingdoms. Proposals for a “mesokaryotic” taxon or grade did not withstand scrutiny.
Deconstructive Meditation and the Search for the Buddha Within
Authors: McMahan David L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Augmenting the constructivist model of meditation, in which practitioners cultivate characteristics conducive to morality and awakening, deconstructive approaches like those found in Perfection of Wisdom literature aim at achieving one insight: the lack of a fixed, permanent, independent nature in everything, that is, the emptiness of all phenomena. Another Mahāyāna development is the idea that meditation reveals an innate buddha-nature. This approach also disrupts the constructivist approach by claiming that one need not cultivate virtues or qualities of awakening since everyone is already awakened, though they may not realize it. Meditation becomes a way of uncovering or embodying one’s inherent buddha-nature. This “innateist” approach emphasizes cutting off all imaginings, yet still inevitably entails imagining the world as one or imagining oneself as the buddha. Thus there is a tension between the constructive and deconstructive aspects of meditation even in innateist forms.
The Constitutive Enigma
Authors: Landy Francis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This is the central and longest chapter of the book. The constitutive enigma is Isaiah’s commission, in his call vision in ch. 6, to command the people to listen carefully but not to understand, and, concomitantly, to speak in such a way that they are incapable of comprehending. If they understand, they have not understood, and the prophet has failed. The chapter discusses the ethical and mystical implications, using the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. From a reading of ch. 6 it proceeds to two of its reworkings in the book. One is a parable in ch. 29 in which the vision of everything is like a book which cannot be read, and the other is the prediction of the birth of Immanuel in ch.7, whose miraculous food is a sign of the new age. This introduces the topic of kingship, which will recur throughout the second half of the book.
Mirror-Texts and Liturgies
Authors: Landy Francis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ch. 33 is central to the book of Isaiah. Some scholars see it as a mirror-text, a mise-en-abyme of the entire book, others that it is a prophetic liturgy. The author sees the two interpretations as related; each contributes to the tension, manifest in two beginnings, between violence and hope. The chapter oscillates between hope and despair, its perfect symmetry concealing abrupt changes of mood and imagery. At its centre there is a beautiful king who is impervious to the world’s evils. Corresponding to the king there is the celebration of Jerusalem as the world city, through a dazzling series of metaphors, with the divine king in its midst. All poetry is apotropaic, warding off death and meaninglessness; in the mirror, the chapter argues, one sees an inverted world, the chasm between Proto- and Deutero-Isaiah.
Recent Developments
Authors: Passie Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter gives an overview on the international distribution of MDMA over the last 10 years. It appears that since the early 1990s, MDMA has become a major drug of abuse on a global scale. The period of 2008–12 saw some shortages in supply of the drug due to unavailability of precursor chemicals. However, it is clear that the distribution of MDMA, which peaked around the turn of the century, has stabilized at a high level in industrialized western countries and is now spreading to developing countries, including Africa. Another part of this chapter deals with the history of recent research into MDMA in humans, the potential of MDMA and similar substances as an anti-cancer or anti-Parkinson drug, and the most recent developments in respect of the development of MDMA as a prescription medicine.
Pain and Dysfunction Reported After Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bishop Mark D , Morgan-Daniel Jane , Alappattu Meryl J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this scoping review was to determine the types and rates of pain and dysfunction outcomes reported after gender-affirming surgical procedures. In addition, a summary of the involvement of conservative care reported in the literature was produced.

Methods
A research librarian conducted searches through multiple databases from inception to 2021. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed by a team of at least 2 reviewers. Data were extracted from a custom survey and exported for summary.

Results
Thirty-one papers discussed masculinizing interventions, and 87 papers discussed feminizing procedures. Most of the studies emphasized surgical outcomes. Of the studies reporting pain or dysfunction, few standardized outcomes were used to collect information from patients. The pain was experienced across body regions after surgery for both feminizing and masculinizing procedures. Vaginal stenosis and incontinence were the most common complications reported. Patients were most often managed by physical therapists for vaginal stenosis or dyspareunia.

Conclusion
Many published studies do not systematically collect specific or standardized information about pain and dysfunction after gender-affirming surgery. Of those studies that do report these outcomes, few detail the involvement of physical therapists in the recovery after surgery.

Impact
Pain and urogenital dysfunction, often managed by physical therapists, occur after gender-affirming surgery, suggesting that physical therapists could have a larger role in the recovery of this patient population after surgery. The extent to which interventions used to manage these conditions in cisgender people will be equally effective in transgender people is unknown at this time. Future studies should use recognized measures to characterize patients’ experiences with pain and dysfunction after surgery.
The Human Factor in Acquisitions: Cross-industry Labor Mobility and Corporate Diversification
Authors: Tate Geoffrey , Yang Liu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe benefits of internal labor markets are largest when they include industries that utilize similar worker skills, thereby facilitating cross-industry worker reallocation and collaboration. We show that diversifying acquisitions occur more frequently among industry pairs with higher human capital transferability. Such acquisitions result in larger labor productivity gains and are less often undone in subsequent divestitures. Moreover, acquirers retain more high-skill workers and more often transfer workers to jobs in other industries inside the merged firm. Overall, our results link human capital reallocation with the value created by corporate diversification and provide an explanation for seemingly unrelated acquisitions.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Long-Term Efficacy of Orthokeratology to Control Myopia Progression
Authors: Lv Huibin , Liu Ziyuan , Li Jiaxi , Wang Yuexin , Tseng Yulin , Li Xuemin 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To assess the efficacy of orthokeratology in controlling the rate of myopia progression in children and investigate the factors associated with axial length (AL) growth rate with an average of 48 months of orthokeratology lens wear.

Methods:
As a retrospective study, 84 subjects underwent relatively complete ophthalmologic examinations. After initial lens wear, AL was measured on average every 12 months. The linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was used to compare the differences in AL growth rates at each time interval. The contribution of the independent variables to AL change was assessed using multiple linear regression.

Results:
In the LMM, there was a significant difference in the AL growth rate (P<0.001) at each follow-up. The growth rate of AL was associated with initial AL, spherical equivalent refractive errors (SERs) and diameter of lens (P=0.045, 0.003 and 0.037, respectively). When the baseline age was included as a factor, the influence of initial AL and SER became insignificant in the analysis, whereas age and diameter of lens were significantly correlated with the growth rate of AL (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). There were significant differences in growth rates among different age groups.

Conclusions:
Results of the study demonstrated that the factors associated with lower growth rate in AL were older age and longer diameter of lens.
Effect of prasugrel versus ticagrelor on coronary microcirculation in patients undergoing pharmacoinvasive strategy – acute and short-term results
Authors: Agrawal Rupesh Santosh , Yusuf Jamal , Mahajan Bhawna , Mehta Vimal , Mandal Sunil , Mukhopadhyay Saibal 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Both ticagrelor and prasugrel are class I recommendations for treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) [1]. But clinical outcomes with the two drugs are conflicting which might be due to differential effects on coronary microcirculation. No study to date had compared the effects of prasugrel or ticagrelor on coronary microcirculation in patients undergoing pharmacoinvasive PCI (pPCI).

Aim and objective
To compare the effects of prasugrel and ticagrelor on coronary microcirculation in STEMI patients undergoing pPCI as assessed by Myocardial Blush Grade (MBG). The secondary aim was to assess flow in the infarct-related artery by corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (cTFC) and whether a differential effect if detected on coronary microcirculation translated in improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction assessed at 6 months.

Material and methods
A total of 240 patients with STEMI were evaluated in this open-label randomized control trial who initially underwent thrombolysis and later PCI (from 24 to 48 h) post-successful thrombolysis. The study subjects were randomized to receive either ticagrelor (n = 120) or prasugrel (n = 120) in 1 : 1 ratio 2 h prior to elective PCI. Patients underwent PCI according to standard protocol and post-procedure cTFC and MBG were compared. Patients were also followed up for 6 months to compare ejection fractions in both groups. We also assessed the effect of the two drugs on bleeding complications during hospitalization and over 6-month follow-up period.

Results
There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to baseline characteristics. Prasugrel administration resulted in higher MBG Grade 3 (50.86% vs 33.89%, P = 0.012) and lower cTFC (17.14 ± 4.08 vs 19.3 ± 4.06, P < 0.01). Improvement in ejection fraction was significantly higher with prasugrel compared to ticagrelor (10.29% ± 15.2 vs 4.66% ± 13.5, P = 0.003). Bleeding events at 6 months follow-up according to TIMI classification were similar in both the groups (11.86% vs 6.9%, P = 0.39).

Conclusion
Prasugrel produces greater improvement in coronary microcirculation than Ticagrelor resulting in improved myocardial salvage in patients of STEMI undergoing pPCI.
Is Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Established as an Imaging Biomarker for Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Assessment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Cao Yue , Cuneo Kyle C. , Evans Joseph , Ten Haken Randall K. , Chang Daniel T. , Lawrence Theodore S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, as part of this special issue on biomarkers of early response, we review currently available reports regarding magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in response to stereotactic body radiation therapy. We compare diffusion image acquisition, ADC analysis, methods for HCC response assessment, and statistical methods for prediction of local tumor progression by ADC metrics. We discuss the pros and cons of these studies. Following detailed analyses of existing investigations, we cannot conclude that ADC is established as an imaging biomarker for stereotactic body radiation therapy assessment in HCC.
How Does the Sequence of the American Board of Surgery Examinations Impact Pass/Fail Outcomes?
Authors: Jones Andrew T. , Brethauer Stacy A. , Dent Daniel L. , Desai Dev M. , Jeyarajah Rohan , Barry Carol L. , Ibáñez Beatriz , Buyske Jo 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Historically, the American Board of Surgery required surgeons to pass the qualifying exam (QE) prior to taking the certifying exam (CE). However, in the 2020-2021 academic year, with mitigating circumstances related to COVID-19, the ABS removed this sequencing requirement to facilitate the certification process for those candidates who were negatively impacted by a QE exam delivery failure. This decoupling of the traditional order of exam delivery has provided a natural comparator to the traditional route and an analysis of the impact of exam sequencing on candidate performance.

Methods:
All candidates who applied for the canceled July 2020 QE were allowed to take the CE prior to passing the QE. The sample was then reduced to include only first time candidates to ensure comparable groups for performance outcomes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the order of taking the QE and the CE, controlling for other exam performance, IMG status, and gender.

Results:
Only first-time candidates who took both exams were compared (n=947). Exam sequence was not a significant predictor of QE pass/fail outcomes, OR=0.54; 95% CI, 0.19-1.61, P=0.26. However, exam sequence was a significant predictor of CE pass/fail outcomes, OR=2.54; 95% CI, 1.46-4.68, P=0.002.

Conclusion:
This important study suggests that preparation for the QE increases the probability of passing the CE and provides evidence that knowledge may be foundational for clinical judgment. The ABS will consider these findings for exam sequencing moving forward.