bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Emergency Blow Theoretical Model for Naval Submarine Blowing System and Experimental Verification
Authors: Yi Qi , Zhang Kang , Lin Boqun , Zhang Wanliang 
Published: May 2023

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An improved emergency blow model is proposed, which is based on the traditional emergency blow model and takes into account the influence of compressed air overflows from flood holes in the later stage of blowing. In order to verify the prediction accuracy of the improved emergency blow model for tank blowing, the full-scale model experiment of tank blowing was conducted to investigate the effects of air source volume, air source initial pressure, and flood holes diameters on blowing. The process of air release from bottle and main ballast tank drainage can be accurately simulated by the improved emergency blow model, and the prediction error of tank air peak pressure is shown to be &lt;10%. Additionally, it is found that the air source volume has no effect on the tank’s air peak pressure or tank drainage rate. By analyzing the dynamic characteristics of tank air pressure, it is found that the dynamic change trend of air pressure differs between flood holes with small and large diameters. In the small diameter conditions, the air pressure reaches the maximum when the compressed air just enters the tank; however, under large diameter conditions, the peak pressure comes before the accumulated air pressure is released. The experiment and simulation demonstrate that increasing the area of the flood holes has a decreasing effect on the amount of air accumulated in the tank, and that the decreasing effect becomes more pronounced as the air source initial pressure increases.

Introduction
To carry out military operations, submarines are deployed both underwater and close to the open surface. About 170 submarines have sunk since they were originally created as a result of an accident, such as a fire, explosion, malfunction, grounding, or collision (Park & Kim 2017). Submarines run the risk of losing safety control in these critical situations. The best method of self-rescue is emergency floating to the surface to prevent bottoming or going deeper than allowed (Liu et al. 2009). A key factor in emergency rising to the water’s surface is the compressed air blowing mechanism. In such an operation, supplying air to the main ballast tank and blowing out ballast water should be used to achieve positive buoyancy or recover a positive pitching moment, which can be used to restore the safe depth of the submarine. Emergency blow is the term used to describe the process of directly supplying air to the main ballast tank without using a high-pressure valve column. The emergency blow is explored in this work because its influence is significantly greater than that of usual blowing, or traditional blowing.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect podocytes from HBx-induced ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Xiaoqian , Yu Yani , Li Baoshuang , Chen Yueqi , Feng Moxuan , Hu Yongzheng , Jiang Wei 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) is a common secondary kidney disease in China, the pathogenesis of which is not completely clear, and there is still a lack of effective treatment.

Methods
The mechanism of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated by using HBx-transfected human renal podocytes. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. Iron and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected by using commercial kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of ferroptosis related molecules was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The effect of miR-223-3p transferred by BMSC-derived exosomes on HBx-overexpressing podocytes was proved by using miR-223-3p inhibitor.

Results
The cell viability of podocytes reduced at 72 h or 96 h after the transfection of lentivirus overexpressing HBx protein (p < 0.05). Ferroptosis-related proteins, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were down-regulated upon HBx overexpression, while acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) was up-regulated (p < 0.05). Intracellular levels of iron, MDA, and ROS were also enhanced (p < 0.05). BMSC-derived exosomes protected against ferroptosis induced by HBx overexpression in podocytes. miR-223-3p was enriched in BMSC-derived exosomes. Application of miR-223-3p inhibitor reversed the protective effect of BMSC-derived exosomes on HBx-induced ferroptosis in podocytes.

Conclusion
BMSC-derived exosomes inhibit HBx-induced podocyte ferroptosis by transferring miR-223-3p.
Biosecurity in Fish Farming: Implementation of the HACCP System at the Djissoumakö Fish Farming Centre - Urban Commune of Siguiri, Guinea
Authors: Thea Berthin , Kaba Odia Mamady , Camara Aboubacar Mabinty , Soromou Lanan Wassy , Merzouki Mohamed , Tolno Sâa André , Haba Lucie , Magassouba Lancine , Bangoura Facinet 
Published: May 2023

This study was carried out from 10 January to 20 February 2022 in the urban and peri-urban area of Siguiri and aimed to learn about the application of biosecurity measures in some fish farms in Siguiri. To this end, 6 fish farms were surveyed on the basis of a targeted sampling based on the criteria of accessibility, cooperation of fish farmers and the functional state of these farms, and 20 biosecurity variables were taken in to account.
Of all the fish farms surveyed, only one (1) farm applied biosecurity measures, i.e. 15%, and the other five (5) saidtheyhad no knowledge of biosecurity, i.e. 85%.
In conclusion, the knowledge and application of biosecurity measures could undoubtedly help prevent diseases in fish farms, event houghthey are rare, and improve the productivity of fish farmers.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Seaweed Extract and Phloroglucinol on Air Layering in Kinnow
Authors: Naveen Kamatala , Bahadur Vijay , Joseph Annjoe V. , Achanta Manoj 
Published: May 2023

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best treatment combination among IBA, Seaweed Extract and Phloroglucinol concentration for assesing the success rate, survival percentage of Kinnow. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Design having 12 treatments and replicated 3 times. The T7 IBA@2000ppm+Phloroglucinol@5000ppm recorded highest values in terms of success in rooting percentage (73.67), number of days taken for initial root formation (28.44), root length of layers (7.30cm), number of roots per layering (20.44), root thickness (3.70mm), number of new sprouts per layer (6.56-1MAP, 8.89-2MAP, 8.56-3MAP & 8.00-4MAP), number of new leaves per layer (6.67-1MAP, 10.56-2MAP, 7.09-3MAP & 12.78-4MAP), length of new shoots (4.26cm-1MAP, 5.23cm-2MAP, 7.09cm-3MAP & 9.94cm-4MAP) and survival percentage of rooted polybag transplanted air layers (68.66%) respectively in Kinnow, whereas minimum values were recorded in T6 (IBA@3000ppm + SWE@5000ppm).
Exceptional Spin‐to‐Charge Conversion in Selective Band Topology of Bi/Bi1‐xSbx with Spintronic Singularity
Authors: Rho Seungwon , Park Hanbum , Park Jeehong , Jeong Kwangsik , Kim Hyeongmun , Hong Seok‐Bo , Kim Jonghoon , Lim Hyeon Wook , Yi Yeonjin , Kang Chul , Cho Mann‐Ho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, spin‐to‐charge conversion (SCC) of various topological materials with ferromagnet is investigated using spintronic terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Compared with other topological materials, significantly large THz emission is observed for topologically nontrivial phases of Bi1‐xSbx (x > 0.2) that predominantly originates from the topological surface state. When Bi is superposed above a certain stoichiometry of Bi1‐xSbx, it plays a crucial role in generating a highly spin‐split state and enhancing the spin‐mixing conductance, resulting in colossal THz emission. This proves that improving the SCC efficiency through interface engineering is a useful strategy to design a powerful spintronic device. Collectively, this study proposes a methodology for systematically analyzing SCC efficiency or spin Hall angle using THz emission spectroscopy and offers an efficient structure for future spintronic devices.
Weak Solvation Effect Enhancing Capacity and Rate Performance of Vanadium‐Based Calcium Ion Batteries: A Strategy Guided by Donor Number
Authors: Zeng Fanbin , Li Senlin , Hu Sanlue , Qiu Minling , Zhang Guobin , Li Meilin , Chang Caiyun , Wang Hongliang , Xu Minwei , Zheng Lirong , Tang Yongbing , Han Cuiping , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCalcium ion batteries (CIBs) are considered as an important candidate for post‐lithium energy storage devices due to their abundance of resources and low cost. However, CIBs still suffer from slow kinetics due to the large solvation structure and high desolvation energy of Ca2+ ions. Here, a solvation regulation strategy based on donor number (DN) is reported to achieve easy‐desolvation and rapid storage of Ca2+ in sodium vanadate (Na2V6O16·2H2O, NVO). Specially, the solvent with a low DN, represented by propylene carbonate (PC), forms the first solvation shell of calcium ions with weak binding energy and small shell structure, which facilitates the migration of Ca2+ in the electrolyte. More importantly, the low DN solvent is preferentially desolvated at the cathode/electrolyte interface, promoting the insertion of Ca2+ into the NVO electrode. Mechanism studies further confirm the highly reversible uptake/release of Ca2+ in the NVO cathode, along with the VO distance change in the coordination structure. Therefore, the NVO cathode achieves high capacity (376 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1) and high‐rate performance (151 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1). The weak solvation effect strategy further improves the electrochemical performance and provides great importance for the design of the long‐term development of CIBs.
Atomistic Insights into the Origin of High‐Performance Thermoelectric Response in Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Shi Wen , Yao Mingjia , Wu Xiaomei , Zhou Tingxia , Yong Xue , Deng Tianqi , Ma Huili , Xi Jinyang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to their tantalizing prospect of heat‐electricity interconversion, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have sparked considerable research interests recently. Nevertheless, understanding their complex interplay between the macroscopic properties, nonintuitive transport processes, and basic chemical structures still remains far from completion, although it plays a fundamental role in systematic materials development. On the basis of multiscale first‐principles calculations, this understanding is herein advanced by establishing a comprehensive picture consisting of atomic and charge dynamics. It is unveiled that the ultralow room‐temperature lattice thermal conductivity (≈0.20 W m−1 K−1) of hybrid perovskites is critical to their decent thermoelectric figure of merit (≈0.34), and such phonon‐glass behavior stems from not only the inherent softness but also the strong anharmonicity. It is identified that the 3D electrostatic interaction and hydrogen‐bonded networks between the PbI3− cage and embedded cations result in the strongly coupled motions of inorganic framework and cation, giving rise to their high degree of anharmonicity. Furthermore, such coupled motions bring about low‐frequency optical vibrational modes, which leads to the dominant role of electron scattering with optical phonons in charge transport. It is expected that these new atomistic‐level insights offer a standing point where the performance of thermoelectric perovskites can be further enhanced.
Characterizing atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone bioavailability in North Carolina soils using greenhouse bioassays
Authors: Ramanathan Shwetha S. , Gannon Travis W. , Locke Anna M. , Everman Wesley J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerbicide carryover injury to rotational crops can vary in severity depending on the influence of soil properties on herbicide bioavailability. Greenhouse bioassays were conducted with soybean, radish, and canola to evaluate differences in the bioavailability of three herbicides with carryover risk, atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone. Bioassays were conducted in three varying regional soil types with nine herbicide treatment rates including a control. Plant visual injury was evaluated weekly, and aboveground dry biomass was weighed after harvest of soybean 28 days after emergence (DAE) and radish and canola 21 DAE. A log‐logistic dose–response regression model was used to quantify herbicide‐effective concentrations for 30% (EC30), 50% (EC50), and 80% (EC80) visual injury and aboveground dry biomass reduction in each soil type. Relative herbicide‐soil bioavailability was determined through comparisons of herbicide‐effective concentrations among soil types. Pearson correlation revealed that atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone EC30 for all species were positively correlated to soil organic matter (OM) content (r = 0.56, 0.48, and 0.40, respectively) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (r = 0.43, 0.41, and 0.45). Topramezone EC80 for soybean and radish was positively correlated to soil clay content (r = 0.51) and silt content (r = 0.51) and negatively correlated to sand content (r = −0.51) and pH (r = −0.52). Decreased atrazine, mesosulfuron‐methyl, and topramezone bioavailability in soil with high OM and CEC, decreased topramezone bioavailability in coarse‐textured soil and at high soil pH, and differential herbicide sensitivity of crop species can inform grower decisions on herbicide selections and rotational crop plans.
SOX2 pathogenic variants with normal eyes: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Okoye Onochie , Capasso Jenina , Kopinsky Sarina M. , Amlie‐Wolf Louise , Levin Alex V. , Schneider Adele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSOX2 pathogenic variants, though rare, constitute the most commonly known genetic cause of clinical anophthalmia and microphthalmia. However, patients without major ocular malformation, but with multi‐system developmental disorders, have been reported, suggesting that the range of clinical phenotypes is broader than previously appreciated. We detail two patients with bilateral structurally normal eyes along with 11 other previously published patients. Our findings suggest that there is no obvious phenotypic or genotypic pattern that may help set apart patients with normal eyes. Our patients provide further evidence for broadening the phenotypic spectrum of SOX2 mutations and re‐appraising the designation of SOX2 disorder as an anophthalmia/microphthalmia syndrome. We emphasize the importance of considering SOX2 pathogenic variants in the differential diagnoses of individuals with normal eyes, who may have varying combinations of features such as developmental delay, urogenital abnormalities, gastro‐intestinal anomalies, pituitary dysfunction, midline structural anomalies, and complex movement disorders, seizures or other neurological issues.
Cyclization of an Achiral Flipping Panel to Homochiral Tubes Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Lin Mengdi , Bian Lifang , Chen Qing , Xu Houyang , Liu Zhichang , Zhu Kelong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMacrocyclization of the bendable 2,7‐dimethoxythianthrene with methylene linkages afforded a pair of homochiral macrocycles featuring a hex‐nut‐like geometry. Their structures were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Their stable planar chirality facilitates efficient resolution of the pair of enantiomers which could be readily derivatized. Installing phenylethynyl groups on their rims leads to luminescent tubular macrocycles exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence with a large dissymmetry value |glum| of 5×10−3. Supramolecular binding of electron‐deficient guests by the tube results in fluorescence quenching, which proved its potential for the future development of switchable chiroptical systems.
Oxidative Coupling Approach to Sarpagine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of (−)‐Trinervine, Vellosimine, (+)‐Normacusine B, and (−)‐Alstomutinine C
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Lei , Qi Xiangbing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSarpagine alkaloids are bioactive indole natural products that contain a highly rigid indole‐fused 1‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, more than 100 members of which have been identified. Herein, a detailed examination of the intramolecular oxidative coupling between a ketone and a Weinreb amide for assembling the complex 1‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core structure of sarpagine family alkaloids is described. Precise late‐stage manipulations of the ketone and Weinreb amide enable the divergent syntheses of (−)‐trinervine, (+)‐vellosimine, (+)‐normacusine B, and (−)‐alstomutinine C. Other notable transformations of the synthesis featured an aza‐Achmatowicz/indole cyclization cascade to generate the azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane structure, a regioselective elimination reaction to form the ethylidene motif embedded in the (+)‐vellosimine and (+)‐normacusine B structures, and a diastereoselective indole oxidative rearrangement to form the spirooxindole structure in (−)‐alstomutinine C.
Synthesis Strategies towards Tagged Homogeneous Catalysts To Improve Their Separation
Authors: Diekamp Justus , Seidensticker Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe recycling of homogeneous catalysts while keeping them in the homogeneous matrix is an ongoing challenge many reactions face if they are to find industrial applications. While a plethora of different synthetic approaches towards better, recyclable homogeneous catalysts exist, the literature shows a gap when one searches for a concise overview of the different catalyst modifications. This Review is designed to close that gap by summarising the existing synthesis pathways towards polar, non‐polar, fluorous, and molecular‐weight‐enlarged catalysts and by examining their respective synthesis routes with a focus on modular and late‐stage approaches. Furthermore, we map out the potential for a generally applicable tag library that allows straightforward catalyst modifications to tune them for each desired recycling strategy.
Fabrication and characterization of Trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with thermo‐ and electro‐active shape memory effects
Authors: Zhao Yongqing , Liu Dekang , Huang Pengke , Zheng Hao , Su Yaozhuo , Zhang Lihua , Zheng Wenge , Xu Linqiong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrans‐1,4‐polyisoprene/single wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites (TPI/SWCNT) nanocomposites with thermo‐ and electro‐active shape memory performance were prepared via solution blending and vulcanization. Herein, the mechanical, thermo‐mechanical, electric conductivity properties, thermo‐ and electro‐active shape memory properties of pure TPI and TPI/SWCNT nanocomposites were investigated. It was demonstrated that the addition of SWCNT into the TPI matrix can improve its crystallinity, crystallization temperature and storage modulus characteristics, and form a two‐crystal melting peak. Compared with the pure TPI, the TPI/SWCNT nanocomposites need more time to recover to their initial shape under thermo stimulus, and the recovery ratio of TPI/SWCNT nanocomposites with 2.5 wt% SWCNT was about 92%. Moreover, pure TPI and TPI/SWCNT nanocomposites with SWCNT content of up to 2.0 wt% under 30 V could not recover under electro stimulus, but the TPI/SWCNT nanocomposites with 2.5 wt% SWCNT displayed electro‐active shape recovery property with a recovery ratio of 87.5%, because a certain amount of SWCNT can provide joule heat to melt the crystals completely and unfreeze cross‐linking network of TPI.
Rehearsal‐based digital serious boardgame versus a game‐free e‐learning tool for anatomical education: Quasi‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tan Jun Wen , Chong Darren Kai Siang , Ng Kian Bee , Car Lorainne Tudor , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSerious games may resolve problems relating to low motivation in complex medical topics such as anatomy. However, they remain relatively novel introductions to the science of learning, and further research is required to ascertain their benefits. This study describes the overall development and testing of a digital serious boardgame designed to facilitate the rehearsal of musculoskeletal anatomy based on self‐determination theory with considerations for the psychological state of Flow. It was hypothesized that students assigned to the intervention game condition would attain higher Flow scores, a measure of engagement and intrinsic motivation, than students assigned to the game‐free control, and that the intervention condition would report either superior or non‐superior, but not inferior, scores on a surprise recall test. A total of 36 second‐year undergraduate medical students participated in the quasi‐randomized controlled trial, where the intervention groups went first and randomly drew questions that were mirrored into the control groups. All students were administered an identical 10‐question baseline assessment before their interventions, the Short Flow Scale immediately after, and a surprise test four‐to‐six weeks later. Independent samples t‐tests indicated that students of both conditions were of similar baseline knowledge (t = 0.7, p = 0.47), significantly higher Flow scores in the game condition (t = 2.99, p = 0.01), and no significant differences between surprise test scores (t = −0.3, p = 0.75). The game appears to be an appropriate game‐based tool for student rehearsal of anatomical education, stemming from a strong theoretical base that facilitates high engagement and intrinsic motivation.
18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐2‐d‐glucose PET‐CT (FDG PET‐CT) in staging of high‐risk renal and urothelial bladder cancers (COPPER‐T) trial protocol
Authors: Jena Rahul , Bhargava Priyank , Tripathi Shashank , Taywade Sameer , Yadav Taruna , Sandhu Arjun Singh , Singh Mahendra , Navriya Shiv Charan , Bhirud Deepak Prakash , Aggarwal Amit , Choudhary Gautam Ram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and Study DesignRole of 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐2‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (FDG PET‐CT) in evaluation of renal cell cancers (RCC) and urinary bladder cancers is not standardized, and the COPPER‐T trial, which is a single centre prospective randomized study, was designed to compare it with conventional imaging for staging of clinically localized high risk RCC and urinary bladder carcinoma (Stage T2 and above).Patients and MethodsThere will be two subgroups of patients: RCC and urinary bladder carcinoma. In each of these, the patients will be randomized to either Arm A or Arm B. In each of the arms, each patient will be subjected to diagnostic imaging by FDG PET‐CT. The CT scan will be a contrast‐enhanced scan like that in conventional staging. A radiologist and nuclear medicine specialist will report the scan independently. The radiologist will not have access to the PET scan sequences and will only review the contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images. In Arm A, the report of the conventional imaging modality, that is, CECT and bone scan if done, will be reviewed first by the clinician, and based on this report, a management plan will be made. Then, the PET‐CT report will be reviewed, and change in the management plan will be noted. New findings or equivocal findings if any in the PET‐CT report would be noted. In Arm B, the report of the PET‐CT report will be reviewed first by the clinicians, and a management plan will be made. Then, the CECT and/or bone scan reports will be reviewed, and any change in the management plan will be noted.Outcome and SignificanceFinal analysis of the data after completion of the trial will help in clarifying the role of FDG PET‐CT in high risk RCC and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, its diagnostic accuracy compared with conventional imaging and the impact of using it on patient management.