bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole Unripe Plantain Flour as Unconventional Carbohydrate Source to Prepare Gluten‐Free Pasta with High Dietary Fiber Content and Reduced Starch Hydrolysis
Authors: Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Pineda‐Tapia Francisco J. , Pacheco‐Vargas Glenda , Carmona‐Garcia Roselis , Tovar Juscelino 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effect of non‐starch polysaccharides of whole unripe plantain flour (WUPF) on the starch hydrolysis rate provides information on the potential glycemic impact of the use of this flour to produce gluten‐free foods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the non‐starch polysaccharides (dietary fiber (DF)) present in the peel of unripe plantain flour on starch digestion, texture, and DF content of laminated pasta. The unripe plantain pulp flour (UPF) is used as a reference. Pasta based on these flours is prepared by sheeting. Proximate composition, cooking quality, texture, polyphenol content, antioxidant activity, and starch hydrolysis rate of the pasta are evaluated. An appreciable higher DF content is recorded in the cooked WUPF pasta which is associated with the non‐starch polysaccharides of the peel. In general, the cooking quality and texture of both pastas are similar, falling within the range considered for good quality pasta. The resistant starch content is higher in the pasta of WUPF. The presence of polyphenols in the cooked WUPF pasta may also contribute to reducing the starch digestion rate. The WUPF can be an alternative to preparing gluten‐free pasta with reduced starch hydrolysis and high DF content.
The importance of the dyad: Participant perspectives on sharing biomarker results in Alzheimer's disease research
Authors: Ketchum Fred B. , Chin Nathaniel A. , Erickson Claire , Lambrou Nickolas H. , Basche Kristin , Gleason Carey E. , Clark Lindsay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the asymptomatic “preclinical” phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), abnormal biomarkers indicate risk for developing cognitive impairment. Biomarker information is increasingly being disclosed to participants in research settings, and biomarker testing and results disclosure will be implemented in clinical settings in the future. Biomarker disclosure has potential psychosocial benefits and harms, impacting affected individuals and their support person(s). Limited data are available about with whom research participants share their results, information that will be necessary to develop disclosure protocols and post‐disclosure resources. Additionally, existing research has been conducted in largely White cohorts, limiting applicability to future clinical populations.METHODSWe enrolled a diverse cohort of 329 adults (184 non‐Hispanic White and 145 Black/African American individuals) who previously participated in AD research. After reviewing a vignette describing a hypothetical biomarker research study, participants indicated their anticipated willingness to share biomarker results with loved ones, and what reactions they anticipated from others. Using mixed‐methods analysis, we identified responses related to willingness to share results.RESULTSA majority (78.7%) were willing to share their results with support persons. Many (59.6%) felt it would not be difficult to share, and most (90.6%) believed their loved ones would be supportive. The most common reasons for sharing were to prepare for possible future AD (41.0% of respondents), while the most common reason for not sharing was to avoid worrying loved ones (4.8% of respondents). A total of 7.3% of respondents related reasons regarding being unsure about sharing.DISCUSSIONParticipants’ interest in sharing results supports integrating support persons into AD biomarker research, and may help maximize potential benefits for participants. Communicating with this "dyad" of research participant and support person(s) may improve involvement in research, and help prepare for implementation of clinical biomarker testing by clarifying communication preferences and the influence of support persons on psychosocial outcomes.
Crafting Data-Driven Strategies to Disentangle Socioeconomic Disparities from Disease Spread
Authors: Paul Ayan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a disease whose spread is correlated with mobility patterns of the susceptible, understanding how COVID-19 affects a population is by no means a univariate problem. Akin to other communicable diseases caused by viruses like HIV, SARS, MERS, Ebola, etc., the nuances of the socioeconomic strata of the vulnerable population are important predictors and precursors of how certain components of the society will be differentially affected by the spread of the disease. In this work, we shall delineate the use of multivariate analyses in the form of interpretable machine learning to understand the causal connection between socioeconomic disparities and the initial spread of COVID-19. We will show why this is still a concern in a developed nation like the USA with a world leading healthcare system. We will then emphasize why data quality is important for such methodologies and what a developing nation like India can do to build a framework for data-driven methods for policy building in the event of a natural crisis like the ongoing pandemic. We hope that realistic implementations of this work can lead to more insightful policies and directives based on real world statistics rather than subjective modeling of disease spread.
Kaluza-Klein five-point functions from AdS5×S5 supergravity
Authors: Gonçalves Vasco , Meneghelli Carlo , Pereira Raul , Boas Joao Vilas , Zhou Xinan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We continue to explore the bootstrap approach to five-point correlation functions for IIB supergravity on AdS5 × S5. Building on the result of [1], we develop an improved algorithm that allows us to more efficiently compute correlators of higher Kaluza-Klein modes. The new method uses only factorization and a superconformal twist, and is entirely within Mellin space where the analytic structure of holographic correlators is simpler. Using this method, we obtain in a closed form all five-point functions of the form 〈pp222〉, extending the earlier result for p = 2. As a byproduct of our analysis, we also obtain explicit results for spinning four-point functions of higher Kaluza-Klein modes.
Association between functional constipation and vaginal wind in women at 6 weeks postpartum
Authors: Xiao Li , Xiao Huilian , Zhong Yanbiao , Luo Yun , Luo Huachao , Wang Maoyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The pathogenesis of vaginal wind remains unclear. This study was aimed at assessing the association between functional constipation and vaginal wind in women at 6 weeks postpartum.

Methods
This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. We collected data, such as baseline demographic, clinical characteristics, pelvic organ prolapse quantification score. and surface electromyography parameters of pelvic floor muscles, of women at 6 weeks postpartum who visited the postpartum rehabilitation clinic between May 2022 and September 2022. The cohort data were from women who visited the postpartum rehabilitation clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University and the Women and Children's Health Care Hospital of Yudu County. Follow-up for the control and study cohorts was conducted until 6 weeks postpartum.

Results
Among the 377 women, 101 (26.79%) reported vaginal wind. Multivariate regression analysis showed that postpartum women with functional constipation were at a higher risk for vaginal wind than women without functional constipation (odds ratio [OR], 2.41). The results remained stable across the propensity score analyses (OR, 1.86–2.30). In addition, we found age, body mass index, mode of delivery, changes in the anatomical location of Bp points, urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle strength, and birth weight of the neonate were not associated with increased odds of vaginal wind in women at 6 weeks postpartum.

Conclusions
Vaginal wind is common among women at 6 weeks postpartum and is associated with functional constipation. Functional constipation may serve as a reference for the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of vaginal wind.
The Influence of HIV Status on Acute Appendicitis: A Retrospective Study from South Africa
Authors: Laäs Reza , Clarke Damian L. , Dufourq Nicholas , Smith Michelle T. D. , Bruce John L. , Naidoo Mergan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) being the most common comorbidity in South African surgical patients, its impact on appendicitis has not been well‐described. We aimed to determine HIV status’ influence on patients’ presentation, assessment, management and outcomes with acute appendicitis.MethodsThe retrospective chart review included all patients aged 12 years and older who were HIV‐positive or HIV‐negative and presented with acute appendicitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019. The primary outcome measure was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included analysis of the presentation (vital signs), assessment (biochemical, inflammatory markers) and management (intraoperative anatomical severity grading, length of hospital stay).ResultsOf the 1096 patients with appendicitis, 196 (17.9%) were HIV‐positive, and CD4 counts were available for 159. The median age was 23 years, with the HIV‐positive patients being older and HIV‐negative group having more males (58.7%). While the HIV‐positive patients had a longer median length of hospital stay, there was no statistically significant difference in the two groups’ incidence of high‐grade appendicitis (p = 0.670). The HIV‐positive patients had a higher median shock index (OR 7.65; 95% [CI 2.042–28.64]) than their HIV‐negative counterparts. HIV‐positivity had a significant association with mortality (OR 9.56; 95% CI [1.68–179.39]), and of the seven HIV‐positive patients who died, 66.7% (n = 4) had a CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 (OR 8.6; 95% CI [1.6–63.9]).ConclusionHIV‐positive patients, those with CD4 < 200 cells/mm3 or not on ART, have increased mortality risk and may benefit from increased perioperative surveillance. Patients with an unknown HIV status in a high‐prevalence population should be offered HIV testing to risk stratify more accurately.
Six-Month Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Treating Deep Vein Thrombosis: Analysis from the 500-Patient CLOUT Registry
Authors: Shaikh Abdullah , Zybulewski Adam , Paulisin Joseph , Bisharat Mohannad , Mouawad Nicolas J. , Raskin Adam , Ichinose Eugene , Abramowitz Steven , Lindquist Jonathan , Azene Ezana , Shah Neil , Nguyen James , Cockrell Josh , Khalsa Bhavraj , Khetarpaul Vipul , Murrey Douglas A. , Veerina Kalyan , Skripochnik Edvard , Maldonado Thomas S. , Bunte Matthew C. , Annambhotla Suman , Schor Jonathan , Kado Herman , Mojibian Hamid , Dexter David ,   the CLOUT Investigators
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is being increasingly utilized to reduce symptoms and prevent postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), but more data on clinical outcomes are needed. Mechanical thrombectomy was studied in the ClotTriever Outcomes (CLOUT) registry with 6-month full analysis outcomes reported herein.

Materials and Methods
The CLOUT registry is a prospective, all-comer study that enrolled 500 lower extremity DVT patients across 43 US sites treated with mechanical thrombectomy using the ClotTriever System. Core-lab assessed Marder scores and physician-assessed venous patency by duplex ultrasound, PTS assessment using Villalta score, venous symptom severity, pain, and quality of life scores through 6 months were analyzed. Adverse events were identified and independently adjudicated.

Results
All-cause mortality at 30 days was 0.9%, and 8.6% of subjects experienced a serious adverse event (SAE) within the first 30 days, 1 of which (0.2%) was device related. SAE rethrombosis/residual thrombus incidence was 4.8% at 30 days and 8.0% at 6 months. Between baseline and 6 months, venous flow increased from 27.2% to 92.5% of limbs (P < 0.0001), and venous compressibility improved from 28.0% to 91.8% (P < 0.0001), while median Villalta scores improved from 9.0 at baseline to 1.0 at 6 months (P < 0.0001). Significant improvements in venous symptom severity, pain, and quality of life were also demonstrated. Outcomes from iliofemoral and isolated femoral-popliteal segments showed similar improvements.

Conclusion
Outcomes from the CLOUT study, a large prospective registry for DVT, indicate that mechanical thrombectomy is safe and demonstrates significant improvement in symptoms and health status through 6 months.
Level of Evidence 3: Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study.
Robust watermark based on Schur decomposition and dynamic weighting factors
Authors: Nasser Reem , Abouelseoud Yasmine , Mikhail Mervat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince multimedia data are now more widely distributed in digital form and easier to copy and change, copyright protection has become an essential need. One of the most common copyright protection techniques is watermarking. Invisibility and robustness are crucial aspects of watermarking; however, many of the currently used techniques simply focus more on invisibility than how robust they are. Moreover, the trade-off between invisibility and robustness is challenging. To this end, this paper proposes a novel watermark technique that efficiently overcomes the idea of a trade-off between robustness and invisibility, thereby increasing both under most attacks. Schur decomposition and a dynamic weighting factors matrix are added to the embedding process to improve the robustness of the proposed technique. Besides that, the embedding function is improved to simultaneously maximize imperceptibility and robustness. Another key contribution of the proposed approach is its use of a trajectory-based optimization algorithm rather than the more prevalent population-based algorithms to determine the optimal scaling factors. Consequently, the proposed technique rapidly identifies the best scaling factors for the embedding function. Statistical analysis is performed using the Friedman test. Experimental results show that the proposed technique outperforms other existing techniques for different sizes, shapes, and types of watermarks.
Hyperspectral imaging as a new diagnostic tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Schimunek Lukas , Schöpp Katharina , Wagner Michael , Brucker Sara Y. , Andress Jürgen , Weiss Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cervical cancer screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) during colposcopy can be challenging and is highly dependent on the clinical experience of the examiner. Health-care systems lack qualified physicians able to perform the examination in both industrialized and low- and middle-income countries. Previous work has shown the general potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to discriminate CIN from normal tissue, but clinical translation has been limited due to the lack of medically approved HSI systems.

Methods
In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of a commercially available HSI system for CIN detection in a prospective monocentric clinical trial.

Results
By obtaining spectral fingerprints of 41 patients with CIN 1–3 we show that HSI-based differentiation between CIN and normal tissue is possible with high statistical significance. Major spectral differences were seen in the 555–585 wavelength area.

Conclusion
HSI advances tissue differentiation by associating each pixel with high-dimensional spectra and thereby obtains morphological and biochemical information of the observed tissue. Currently available and medically approved HSI systems may represent a contact- and marker-free examiner-independent method for the diagnosis of CIN.
Ocular manifestations of the genetic causes of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Zhu Victor , Huang Tess , Wang David , Colville Deb , Mack Heather , Savige Judy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGenetic forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) often have extra-renal manifestations. This study examined FSGS-associated genes from the Genomics England Renal proteinuria panel for reported and likely ocular features. Thirty-two of the 55 genes (58%) were associated with ocular abnormalities in human disease, and a further 12 (22%) were expressed in the retina or had an eye phenotype in mouse models. The commonest genes affected in congenital nephrotic syndrome (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, LAMB2, PAX2 but not PLCE1) may have ocular manifestations . Many genes affected in childhood–adolescent onset FSGS (NPHS1, NPHS2, WT1, LAMB2, SMARCAL1, NUP107 but not TRPC6 or PLCE1) have ocular features. The commonest genes affected in adult-onset FSGS (COL4A3–COL4A5,GLA ) have ocular abnormalities but not the other frequently affected genes (ACTN4, CD2AP, INF2, TRPC6). Common ocular associations of genetic FSGS include cataract, myopia, strabismus, ptosis and retinal atrophy. Mitochondrial forms of FSGS (MELAS, MIDD, Kearn’s Sayre disease) are associated with retinal atrophy and inherited retinal degeneration. Some genetic kidney diseases (CAKUT, ciliopathies, tubulopathies) that result in secondary forms of FSGS also have ocular features. Ocular manifestations suggest a genetic basis for FSGS, often help identify the affected gene, and prompt genetic testing. In general, ocular abnormalities require early evaluation by an ophthalmologist, and sometimes, monitoring or treatment to improve vision or prevent visual loss from complications. In addition, the patient should be examined for other syndromic features and first degree family members assessed.
Medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids are associated with diarrheal predominant irritable bowel syndrome revealed by DESI-MSI
Authors: Zhang Yanli , Zhu Huiting , Du Shiyu , Wang Huifen , Li Hui , Wang Miao , Shao Bing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional bowel disorders, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. Its development may be linked to intestinal dysmetabolism, directly and indirectly. The present study aimed to screen the differentially expressed small molecular substances in the mucosa of the colon between IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and healthy subjects and explore the pathogenesis of IBS-D.

Methods
In this pilot study, the metabolites of colonic mucosa in ten patients with IBS-D and six healthy controls (HC) were analyzed by DESI-MSI. We also mapped the spatial distribution of the screened differential metabolites from samples of the IBS-D group and HC group.

Results
The results showed that 20 metabolites in the colonic mucosa of IBS-D were significantly more abundant, while the other 77 substances were significantly reduced. Enrichment analysis of 97 differential metabolites and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that six medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids were determined to be most overrepresented in the IBS-D group compared to the HC group. Four of these six fatty acids are all PUFAs. The DESI–MSI results suggested that these fatty acids were localized in the colonic mucosa and confirmed the differences in these fatty acids between IBS-D and HC.

Conclusions
Medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids localized in the colonic mucosa are likely to be potential indicators for the differentiation of IBS-D from healthy subjects which may have implications in the mechanisms and possible preventive measures against IBS.

Clinical trial registry registration number
ChiCTR2200060224.
Flash drought evaluation using evaporative stress and evaporative demand drought indices: a case study from Awash River Basin (ARB), Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Yitea Seneshaw , Li Ming-Hsu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrought is one of the most devastating phenomena that affect the livelihood of most communities in Ethiopia as they have low adaptive capacity. Recent advancements in remote sensing and drought investigations have made it possible to identify a new type of flash drought that has rapid intensification with a short duration (i.e., less than 1 month unlike conventional droughts). This study intends to identify flash drought in the Awash River Basin (ARB) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration using Evaporative Demand Drought Index (EDDI) and Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) indices. The flash drought result exhibited that agricultural lands, grasslands, vegetation areas, and irrigational croplands along the river were vulnerable to flash drought in the ARB. Using ESI, the area of ARB that experienced flash drought in 2002, 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2015 were 23%, 40%, 20%, 40%, and 24%, respectively. These intense flash drought areas can be used as drought monitoring sites. The flash drought extent of EDDI is more compared to ESI because of ESI’s dependency on vegetation coverages and soil moisture. The lowland downstream part of the ARB is highly prone to flash drought, particularly in the major rainy season (MRS) and the last two months of the minor rainy season (mRS). EDDI can discern the onset of flash drought better compared to ESI, but both can be used as a drought early warning mechanisms to minimize agricultural losses and drought-associated risks in the basin.
The burden of entheseal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative ultrasonograghic study
Authors: Emerah Ahmed , Mostafa Shaimaa , Kotb Lobna , Amer Yomna , Ismail Basma , Sarhan Shymaa A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Imaging is crucial for identifying and diagnosis of the musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms, which are one of the most typical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For the joints, tendons, and entheseal sites, ultrasonography has shown to be sensitive and accurate for the diagnosis of both inflammation and structural damage.

Aim
The goal of the current investigation is to determine the prevalence and the distribution of entheseal abnormalities in SLE patients, using musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) and to assess the relationship between entheseal sonographic changes and the SLE disease activity.

Patients and methods
One hundred sixty-eight subjects were studied (56 SLE patients, 56 psoriatic arthritis (PSA) patients, and 56 normal cases). To compare the frequency and the distribution of entheseal involvement, high-resolution MSUS was conducted to assess the entheseal sites of all patients in accordance with the Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI).

Results
Clinical enthesitis was detected in 39.3% of the SLE patients using the Leeds Enthesitis Index compared to 71% detected via US examination, indicating a high proportion of subclinical enthesitis in our SLE patients. The most frequently affected enthesis was the distal insertion of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity which was detected in 41% of SLE patients. Enthesitis was significantly more frequent in PSA patients (100%) compared to SLE patients (71.4%) (p < 0.05) and more significantly frequent in SLE patients compared to the healthy controls (19.6%). There was a significant correlation between MASI and SLEDAI scores (r = 0.250*, p = 0.048) and the total protein in 24 h (r = 0.289*, p = 0.031). In addition, there was an inverse significant correlation between MASEI and serum albumin (r =  − 0.324*, p = 0.015).

Conclusion
In SLE patients, enthesitis is frequently clinical and ultrasound-verified. The most impacted enthesis is at the insertion of the quadriceps tendon. Enthesitis presence and the rise in the MASI score can serve as indicators of the severity of the SLE disease.

Key Points• The most impacted entheseal site lies at the insertion of the quadriceps tendon.• The presence and the rise in MASEI score can serve as indicators of the severity of the SLE disease.