bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an optimal control problem for a spatio‐temporal SIR model with nonlinear density dependent diffusion terms
Authors: Mehdaoui Mohamed , Lamrani Alaoui Abdesslem , Tilioua Mouhcine 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper focuses on the study of an optimal control problem for a new spatio‐temporal SIR epidemic model with nonlinear density dependent diffusion terms and a class of nonlinear incidence functions. We consider two types of control variables, vaccination for the susceptible and treatment for the infected. For fixed controls, by means of Schauder fixed point theorem, we prove that the proposed model admits a weak biologically feasible solution, the uniqueness of the latter is also investigated. Furthermore, using the state and adjoint problems, first order necessary optimal conditions are obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out for particular diffusion terms incorporating the heard mentality of individuals, when it comes to the spatial movement, and for particular incidence functions, as well as by varying the parameters of the objective functional, to illustrate the possible optimal control strategies and their effect on the studied population.
Intraoperative Neck Angles in Endoscopic and Microscopic Otologic Surgeries
Authors: Joo Hyonoo , Lin Zihao , Yesantharao Lekha , Formeister Eric , Razavi Christopher , Patel Millan , Carey John , Taylor Russ , Galaiya Deepa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively compare the ergonomic risk of otologic surgeries performed with endoscopes and microscopes.Study DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingOperating room of a tertiary academic medical center.MethodsIntraoperative neck angles of otolaryngology attendings, fellows, and residents were assessed during 17 otologic surgeries using inertial measurement unit sensors. Sensors were attached midline between the shoulder blades and on the posterior scalp of participants and were calibrated just prior to beginning each case. Quaternion data were used to calculate neck angles during periods of active surgery.ResultsEndoscopic and microscopic cases included similar percentages of time in high‐risk neck positions, 75% and 73%, respectively, according to a validated ergonomic risk assessment tool, the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. However, microscopic cases included a higher percentage of time spent in extension (25%) compared to endoscopic cases (12%) (p < .001). When examining the magnitude of average flexion and extension angles, endoscopic and microscopic cases were not significantly different.ConclusionUtilizing intraoperative sensor data, we found that both endoscopic and microscopic approaches in otologic surgery were associated with high‐risk neck angles, which can result in sustained neck strain. These results suggest that optimal ergonomics may be better achieved by the consistent application of basic ergonomic principles than by changing the technology in the operating room.
Occupational Characteristics Associated with Professional Fulfillment and Burnout Among U.S. Physiatrists
Authors: Makowski Maryam S. , Trockel Mickey , Paganoni Sabrina , Weinstein Stuart , Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica , Kinney Carolyn , Kennedy David J. , Sliwa James , Wang Hanhan , Knowlton Tiffany , Stautzenbach Tom , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMultiple national studies suggest that, among physicians, physiatrists are at increased risk for occupational burnout.ObjectiveTo identify characteristics of the work environment associated with professional fulfillment and burnout among U.S. physiatrists.DesignBetween May and December 2021, a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used to identify factors contributing to professional fulfillment and burnout in physiatrists.SettingOnline interviews, focus groups, and survey.ParticipantsPhysiatrists in the AAPM&R Membership Masterfile.Main Outcome MeasuresBurnout and professional fulfillment assessed using the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index.ResultsIndividual interviews with 21 physiatrists were conducted to identify domains that contributed to professional fulfillment followed by focus groups for further definition. Based on themes identified, scales were identified or developed to evaluate: control over schedule (6 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.86); integration of physiatry into patient care (3 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.71); personal‐organizational values alignment (3 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.90); meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work (6 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.90); teamwork and collaboration (3 items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Of 5760 physiatrists contacted in the subsequent national survey, 882 (15.4%) returned surveys (median age 52 years; 46.1% women). Overall, 42.6% (336 of 788) experienced burnout and 30.6% (244 of 798) had high levels of professional fulfillment. In multivariable analysis, each one‐point improvement in control over schedule (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.45–2.69), integration of physiatry into patient care (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.32–2.38), personal‐organizational values alignment (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.48–2.52), meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work (OR = 2.79; 95% CI = 1.71–4.71) and teamwork and collaboration score (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.48–3.03) was independently associated with higher likelihood of professional fulfillment.ConclusionsControl over schedule, optimal integration of physiatry into clinical care, personal‐organizational values alignment, teamwork, and meaningfulness of physiatrist clinical work are strong and independent drivers of occupational well‐being in U.S. physiatrists. Variation in these domains by practice setting and subspecialty suggests tailored approaches are needed to promote professional fulfillment and reduce burnout among U.S. physiatrists.
Validation of an outpatient questionnaire for bronchopulmonary dysplasia control
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , Li Yun , Rhein Lawrence M. , Tracy Michael C. , Sheils Catherine A. , Rice Jessica L. , Popova Antonia P. , Moore Paul E. , Manimtim Winston M. , Lai Khanh , Kaslow Jacob A. , Hayden Lystra P. , Bansal Manvi , Austin Eric D. , Aoyama Brianna , Alexiou Stamatia , Agarwal Amit , Villafranco Natalie , Siddaiah Roopa , Lagatta Joanne M. , Dawson Sara K. , Cristea A. Ioana , Bauer Sarah E. , Baker Christopher D. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) being a common morbidity of preterm birth, there is no validated objective tool to assess outpatient respiratory symptom control for clinical and research purposes.MethodsData were obtained from 1049 preterm infants and children seen in outpatient BPD clinics of 13 US tertiary care centers from 2018 to 2022. A new standardized instrument was modified from an asthma control test questionnaire and administered at the time of clinic visits. External measures of acute care use were also collected. The questionnaire for BPD control was validated in the entire population and selected subgroups using standard methodology for internal reliability, construct validity, and discriminative properties.ResultsBased on the scores from BPD control questionnaire, the majority of caregivers (86.2%) felt their child's symptoms were under control, which did not differ by BPD severity (p = 0.30) or a history of pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.42). Across the entire population and selected subgroups, the BPD control questionnaire was internally reliable, suggestive of construct validity (albeit correlation coefficients were −0.2 to −0.4.), and discriminated control well. Control categories (controlled, partially controlled, and uncontrolled) were also predictive of sick visits, emergency department visits, and hospital readmissions.ConclusionOur study provides a tool for assessing respiratory control in children with BPD for clinical care and research studies. Further work is needed to identify modifiable predictors of disease control and link scores from the BPD control questionnaire to other measures of respiratory health such as lung function testing.
Three endobronchial white trees in a patient with mild hemoptysis: A rare case of broncholithiasis
Authors: De Pace Cosimo Carlo , Tondo Pasquale , Ciliberti Gianluca Libero , Selmi Massimo , Lacedonia Donato 
Published: February 2023

Key messageBroncholithiasis is a rare and most often ignored condition characterized by the presence of calcified or ossified materials in the bronchus. The patient can be asymptomatic or commonly present with coughing. It is important to correctly identify this disease because in many cases it can cause hemoptysis and rarely lithoptysis.
Investigations into the Extraction of Copper (II) using Methyl Isobutyl ketone solvent
Authors: Djebabra Sihem , Rehali Hanane , Mimi Wafa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work concerns the study of the extraction of copper (II) in the perchlorate medium by Bis‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) at 25 °C at different ionic strength (1, 1/6, 1/10 mol kg−1). The stoichiometry of the reaction of extracted complexations was determined by the slope method. The organometallic complexes extracted in the organic phase are of the type CuL2 in methyl isobutyl ketone has unit ionic strength. The organometallic complexes extracted in the organic phase are of the type CuL2ClO4(H2O) or CuL2ClO4 (MIBK)x in methyl isobutyl ketone has different ionic strength Efficiency of the extraction of copper (II) depends on the ionic strength of the aqueous medium. Hence when the ionic strength of the aqueous perchlorate medium increases the extraction of copper (II) increases.
Surface Structure Engineering of Two‐Dimensional Ni(OH)2 with Enhanced Urea Oxidation Performance
Authors: Zhang Yongxing , Wu Pengxuan , Qiao Nanli , Yu Zhengbao , Ma Liang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe herein report a facile two‐pot method to prepare a series of the two‐dimensional Ni(OH)2 nanocrystals with varied surface structures via the in‐situ surface transformation derived from Nickel metal‐organic framework (Ni‐MOF) in KOH solution at room temperature. The Ni(OH)2 obtained at the KOH concentration of 0.25 M displayed superior performance among the samples in terms of activities and stability. Further investigation proves that the enhanced urea oxidation reaction (UOR) activities can be ascribed to the cooperation of the larger electrochemical surface area, a faster electronic transfer speed, and a lower transfer resistance on the surface. These findings provide a new route for the rational design and synthesis of advanced electrocatalysts with relatively lower energy consumption that aims to be large‐scale synthesized and utilized in clean energy conversion and applications.
Emerging technologies for cardiac tissue engineering and artificial hearts
Authors: Sun Lingyu , Wang Yu , Xu Dongyu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeart diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, have brought heavy burden on society for their high morbidity and mortality. In clinical, heart transplantation is recognized as an effective strategy to rescue the lives of patients, while it may suffer from lack of donors and possible immune responses. In view of this, tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing alternative strategies to recover the function and promote the regeneration of cardiac tissues. As an emerging field blending cell biology and material science, tissue engineering technique allows the construction of biomimetic living complexes as organ substitutes for heart repair. In this review, we will present the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering and artificial hearts. After introducing the critical elements in cardiac tissue engineering, we will present advanced fabrication methods to achieve scaffolds with desired micro/nanostructure design as well as the applications of these bioinspired scaffolds. We will also discuss the current dilemma and possible development direction from a biomedical perspective.
Description and systematic affinity of flower and seed fossils of Erica sect. Chlorocodon (Ericaceae) from the early Pleistocene of Madeira Island, Portugal
Authors: Góis‐Marques Carlos A. , de Nascimento Lea , Fernández‐Palacios José María , Madeira José , de Sequeira Miguel Menezes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPalaearctic Erica sect. Chlorocodon, known as the wind‐pollinated besom heaths (WPBH), includes the Macaronesian E. azorica, E. platycodon subsp. platycodon and E. platycodon subsp. maderincola together with the Mediterranean and North African E. scoparia. Despite the broad extant distribution, the mainland fossil record of this section is scarce and poorly preserved and dated, and Macaronesian fossils were so far unknown. Here we discuss the systematic affinities of the first fossils of a WPBH found in Macaronesia, within a 1.3 Ma (Pleistocene, Calabrian stage) Madeira Island fossiliferous deposit. One flower and dissociated seed fossils were found in the same sediment layer, being preserved as coalified compressions with cuticular preservation. Both the flower and seed fossils present unique WPBH characters. The flower fossil is characterised by an exserted, peltate and discoid stigma – an unequivocal adaptation to anemophily, unique within Palaearctic Erica taxa. The seed fossils are of small size, presenting a testa with channelled anticlinal cell‐walls, a characteristic only found in the extant Macaronesian WPBH. Morphological, anatomical, and biometric comparisons of the fossils to extant flowers and seeds suggest that the fossils are related to the Palaearctic E. sect. Chlorocodon, being morphologically close to E. azorica. Here we assign them to E. aff. azorica. These findings suggest a colonisation to Madeira Island prior to 1.3 Ma, corresponding to the oldest and unambiguous WPBH fossils, at least 0.90–1.2 Ma older than the oldest known record. The fossil flower also indicates the presence of anemophilous traits since at least the early Pleistocene. Finally, the presence of a WPBH could suggest the same ecological role in seral communities, important to the establishment of the Madeiran temperate stink‐laurel forest.
Branch angle and leaflet shape are associated with canopy coverage in soybean
Authors: Virdi Kamaldeep S. , Sreekanta Suma , Dobbels Austin , Haaning Allison , Jarquin Diego , Stupar Robert M. , Lorenz Aaron J. , Muehlbauer Gary J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly canopy coverage is a desirable trait that is a major determinant of yield in soybean (Glycine max). Variation in traits comprising shoot architecture can influence canopy coverage, canopy light interception, canopy‐level photosynthesis, and source‐sink partitioning efficiency. However, little is known about the extent of phenotypic diversity of shoot architecture traits and their genetic control in soybean. Thus, we sought to understand the contribution of shoot architecture traits to canopy coverage and to determine the genetic control of these traits. We examined the natural variation for shoot architecture traits in a set of 399 diverse maturity group I soybean (SoyMGI) accessions to identify relationships between traits, and to identify loci that are associated with canopy coverage and shoot architecture traits. Canopy coverage was correlated with branch angle, number of branches, plant height, and leaf shape. Using previously collected 50K single nucleotide polymorphism data, we identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with branch angle, number of branches, branch density, leaflet shape, days to flowering, maturity, plant height, number of nodes, and stem termination. In many cases, QTL intervals overlapped with previously described genes or QTL. We also found QTL associated with branch angle and leaflet shape located on chromosomes 19 and 4, respectively, and these QTL overlapped with QTL associated with canopy coverage, suggesting the importance of branch angle and leaflet shape in determining canopy coverage. Our results highlight the role individual architecture traits play in canopy coverage and contribute information on their genetic control that could help facilitate future efforts in their genetic manipulation.
Charged lepton flavor violating radiative decays li → ljγ in G2HDM
Authors: Tran Van Que , Yuan Tzu-Chiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We compute the electromagnetic form factors of the liljγ vertex at one-loop level in the minimal G2HDM which has a sub-GeV vector dark matter candidate. The results are applied to the radiative decay rates for the charged lepton flavor violating processes li → ljγ, and the anomalous magnetic dipole moment and the electric dipole moment of the charged lepton. To numerically compute the branching ratio for μ → eγ and compare with the latest experimental limit from MEG, we adapt our previous parameter space scan that is consistent with the relic density and constraints from direct searches of dark matter, W and Z mass measurements, as well as the LHC Higgs signal strengths and invisible width. While the extra contributions are at least an order of magnitude smaller than required to explain the ~4.2σ discrepancy in the muon anomaly, the existing MEG limit imposes stringent constraint on the parameter space. The remaining viable parameter space can be further probed by the MEG II sensitivity for μ → eγ as well as from the direct searches of sub-GeV dark matter in foreseeable future. Higher loop contributions may be significant to resolve the discrepancy in the muon anomaly and generate a non-vanishing electric dipole moments for the standard model quarks and leptons in G2HDM.
Non-BPS bubbling geometries in AdS3
Authors: Bah Ibrahima , Heidmann Pierre 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We construct large classes of non-BPS smooth horizonless geometries that are asymptotic to AdS3 × S3 × T4 in type IIB supergravity. These geometries are supported by electromagnetic flux corresponding to D1-D5 charges. We show that Einstein equations for systems with eight commuting Killing vectors decompose into a set of Ernst equations, thereby admitting an integrable structure. This feature, which can a priori be applied to other $$ {\textrm{AdS}}_D\times \mathcal{C} $$

AdS
D

×
C
settings in supergravity, allows us to use solution-generating techniques associated with the Ernst formalism. We explicitly derive solutions by applying the charged Weyl formalism that we have previously developed. These are sourced internally by a chain of bolts that correspond to regions where the orbits of the commuting Killing vectors collapse smoothly. We show that these geometries can be interpreted as non-BPS T4 and S3 deformations on global AdS3 × S3 × T4 that are located at the center of AdS3. These non-BPS deformations can be made arbitrarily small and should therefore correspond to non-supersymmetric operators in the D1-D5 CFT. Finally, we also construct interesting bound states of non-extremal BTZ black holes connected by regular bolts.
A seesaw model for large neutrino masses in concordance with cosmology
Authors: Escudero Miguel , Schwetz Thomas , Terol-Calvo Jorge 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Cosmological constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses can be relaxed if the number density of active neutrinos is reduced compared to the standard scenario, while at the same time keeping the effective number of neutrino species Neff ≈ 3 by introducing a new component of dark radiation. We discuss a UV complete model to realise this idea, which simultaneously provides neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. It is based on a U(1) symmetry in the dark sector, which can be either gauged or global. In addition to heavy seesaw neutrinos, we need to introduce 𝒪(10) generations of massless sterile neutrinos providing the dark radiation. Then we can accommodate active neutrino masses with ∑mν ~ 1 eV, in the sensitivity range of the KATRIN experiment. We discuss the phenomenology of the model and identify the allowed parameter space. We argue that the gauged version of the model is preferred, and in this case the typical energy scale of the model is in the 10 MeV to few GeV range.
Going off topics to demix quark and gluon jets in αS extractions
Authors: LeBlanc Matt , Nachman Benjamin , Sauer Christof 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Quantum chromodynamics is the theory of the strong interaction between quarks and gluons; the coupling strength of the interaction, αS, is the least precisely-known of all interactions in nature. An extraction of the strong coupling from the radiation pattern within jets would provide a complementary approach to conventional extractions from jet production rates and hadronic event shapes, and would be a key achievement of jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Presently, the relative fraction of quark and gluon jets in a sample is the limiting factor in such extractions, as this fraction is degenerate with the value of αS for the most well-understood observables. To overcome this limitation, we apply recently proposed techniques to statistically demix multiple mixtures of jets and obtain purified quark and gluon distributions based on an operational definiton. We illustrate that studying quark and gluon jet substructure separately can significantly improve the sensitivity of such extractions of the strong coupling. We also discuss how using machine learning techniques or infrared- and collinear-unsafe information can improve the demixing performance without the loss of theoretical control. While theoretical research is required to connect the extract topics with the quark and gluon objects in cross section calculations, our study illustrates the potential of demixing to reduce the dominant uncertainty for the αS extraction from jet substructure at the LHC.
Nonrelativistic approximations of closed bosonic string theory
Authors: Hartong Jelle , Have Emil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We further develop the string 1/c2 expansion of closed bosonic string theory, where c is the speed of light. The expansion will be performed up to and including the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We show that the next-to-leading order (NLO) theory is equal to the Gomis-Ooguri string, generalised to a curved target space, provided the target space geometry admits a certain class of co-dimension-2 foliations. We compute the energy of the string up to NNLO for a flat target space with a circle that must be wound by the string, and we show that it agrees with the 1/c2 expansion of the relativistic energy. We also compute the algebra of Noether charges for a flat target space and show that this matches order-by-order with an appropriate expansion of the Poincaré algebra, which at NLO gives the string Bargmann algebra. Finally, we expand the phase space action, which allows us to perform the Dirac procedure and pass to the quantum theory. It turns out that the Poisson brackets change at each order, and we show that the normal ordering constant of the relativistic theory, which does not depend on c, can be reproduced by the NLO and NNLO theories.
Celestial amplitudes in an ambidextrous basis
Authors: Jorge-Diaz Carmen , Pasterski Sabrina , Sharma Atul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe start by constructing a conformally covariant improvement of the celestial light transform which keeps track of the mixing between incoming and outgoing states under finite Lorentz transformations in ℝ2,2. We then compute generic 2, 3 and 4-point celestial amplitudes for massless external states in the ambidextrous basis prepared by composing this SL(2,ℝ) intertwiner with the usual celestial map between momentum and boost eigenstates. The results are non-distributional in the celestial coordinates (z,$$ \overline{z} $$z¯) and conformally covariant in all scattering channels. Finally, we focus on the tree level 4-gluon amplitude where we present a streamlined route to the ambidextrous correlator based on Grassmannian formulae and examine its alpha space representation. In the process, we gain insights into the operator dictionary and CFT data of the holographic dual.