bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of electronic excitation cross sections and rate coefficients for boron monohydride (BH)
Authors: Kawate T , Murakami I , Goto M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the quantitative diagnostics of boron monohydryde, BH, in fusion plasmas, we present elastic, electronic excitation, and ionization cross sections of BH for the first time. The calculations were performed by the R-matrix and Born Encounter Bethe methods utilized by Quantemol-EC software. To examine the uncertainty due to the calculation conditions, we compared the results by different basis sets and internuclear distances of the target model. We found that the uncertainties are typically within ∼10%. Rate coefficients were derived and fitted to an Arrhenius function. The derived decay rate per photon,

S

/

X
B

, agreed with the value presented by Lieder et al (the ASDEX-Upgrade Team) (1994 Eur. Phys. Soc. Conf. Plasma Phys.
2 722).
Electrohydrodynamic jet printed bioinspired piezoelectric hair-like sensor for high-sensitivity air-flow detection
Authors: Wang Dazhi , Li Yikang , Hu Xin , Lu Liangkun , Xu Pengfei , Chen Xiangji , Liu Chang , Wang Lunxiang , Liu Ben , Suo Liujia , Cui Yan , Liang Junsheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the highly sensitive hairs of creatures in nature, this work proposes a high-aspect-ratio piezoelectric sensor that is processed using electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing technology. A thin layer of piezoelectric material is directly written on the surface of tungsten steel microwire by E-jet printing. The piezoelectric material was crystallized by high-temperature annealing and fully bonded to the microwire. The annealed piezoelectric thin film was then sputtered with copper electrodes which forms a piezoelectric hair-like sensor with a diameter of 120 μm and an aspect ratio of 300. It was observed that the piezoelectric hair-like sensor generates 18 mV with a displacement of 100 μm. The output signal increases linearly with the increase of lateral displacement and velocity. It was examined that the piezoelectric hair-like sensor can detect airflow velocity as low as 0.01 m s−1, which shows a lower detection threshold compared to piezoelectric hair-like airflow sensors processed in other ways. In addition, the piezoelectric hair-like sensor allows for the detection of an airflow velocity of 10 m s−1 and a response time of 70 ms. The experimental results show that the piezoelectric hair-like sensor has high sensitivity, a wide detection range and rapid detection response, which is expected to be a high-performance sensor for biosensing and airflow monitoring.
Are piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesting systems beneficial?
Authors: Truong Binh Duc , Le Cuong Phu , Roundy Shad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The primary objective of this work is to investigate the performance of a hybrid energy harvesting system consisting of piezoelectric and electromagnetic transducers. We first show that a single–mechanism generator with negligible electrical losses, referred to as an electrically-lossless harvester, can reach the theoretical power bound regardless of the coupling strength between the mechanical and electrical domains, which renders the use of hybrid systems unnecessary. For a more realistic analysis, the electrically parasitic losses are then taken into account. We introduce effective figures of merit for the piezoelectric and electromagnetic generators that combine transducer coupling and resistive losses. The maximum output power of single-transducer and hybrid systems are determined analytically, expressed as functions of effective figures of merit. We find that there is no benefit to utilizing a hybrid system if one of the two, or both, effective figures of merit exceeds a threshold of

. We also derive the narrow conditions under which a resonant hybrid harvester system with multiple transduction mechanisms can outperform its counterpart which uses a single energy conversion. In order to provide a comprehensive assessment of the configurations considered, we analyze the relationships between optimizing system efficiency and maximizing output power. We reveal that the two problems generally yield different solutions. However, for a hybrid structure, these objectives result in a unique solution when the effective figures of merit of the two transductions are equal. This is a distinctive property of a hybrid system compared to a single-mechanism device.
A theoretical focus on nanoparticle attenuation capabilities for potential utilizations in radiation protect: TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4-B4C-Al2O3
Authors: Cinan Z M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Radiation shielding materials are essential for various applications in space exploration, nuclear power plants, and medical devices. In this study, we present a theoretical design of radiation shielding nanocomposites based on a combination of TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4-B4C-Al2O3 materials. Using the Phy-X/PSD, EpiXS, and XMuDAT programs, we calculated the radiation shielding properties, including mass attenuation coefficient, mean free path, and effective atomic number, of a series of nanocomposite structures with different Fe3O4 and B4C contents. Our results show that the addition of Fe3O4 and B4C to nanocomposites enhances the radiation shielding efficiency and the maximum shielding is observed in the nanocomposite with the highest density. The theoretical calculations also reveal that the proposed nanocomposites have excellent radiation shielding properties compared to conventional shielding materials, such as lead and concrete. This work demonstrates the potential of using a computational approach to design novel radiation shielding nanocomposites with improved performance, which could have significant implications for a wide range of applications.
Interfacial mechanical properties of periodic wrinkled graphene/polyethylene nanocomposite
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhu Yuan , Wu Ruoyu , Zhang Lidan , Zou Rui , Zhou Shengbing , Ning Huiming , Hu Ning , Yan Cheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the interfacial mechanical properties of periodic wrinkled graphene (GR) with polyethylene (PE) matrix. The influences of amplitude (H), wavelength (λ), and vacancy defect for the periodic wrinkled GR on the interfacial mechanical properties were considered and the potential mechanisms were analyzed. The results indicate that the interfacial mechanical properties of GR with periodic wrinkles are superior to that of flat GR, especially when the

H
/
λ
=
0.51

the interfacial strength enhances ∼29.3%. Through the radial distribution function (RDF) analysis we found that the stronger interfacial mechanical properties are, the more PE molecular chains are attached to the GR when the GR is separated from the PE matrix. In addition, we found that vacancy defect in periodic wrinkled GR does not always degrade the interfacial mechanical properties, and when the vacancy defect content is 20%, the interfacial mechanical properties can be improved, as the vacancy defect reduces the interfacial distance and increases the roughness of the interface.
The isolation feature geometry dependence of reverse gate-leakage current of AlGaN/GaN HFETs
Authors: Aghayan Mehrnegar , Valizadeh Pouya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Reverse gate-leakage current of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) realized on array of submicron sized fins and conventional mesa isolation feature geometries is investigated at room temperature and zero drain-source bias. For each of the abovementioned device categories, the significance of leakage from the top surface gate as well as gated etched GaN surfaces, especially sidewalls, is studied for a wide range of gate-source voltages (VGS) (i.e. below and above the threshold voltage). It is proven that in the explored fin-type HFETs, for all values of VGS leakage through the gated GaN surfaces, especially the sidewalls, is more significant than the leakage from the top surface gate. This is while in the mesa category, the sidewall leakage is of importance only at less negative values of VGS, and leakage from the top surface gate substantially takes over at more negative VGS values. The discrepancy in the dominance of the aforementioned leakage paths at more negative VGS values among the explored fin and mesa-type HFETs is demonstrated to be due to the stronger electric field across the barrier in the gated region of the mesa-type HFET for this range of VGS. While in the explored fin-type HFETs Ion/Ioff ratio is as high as 2 × 107, the total amount of reverse gate-leakage at all values of VGS is substantially larger compared to the mesa category sharing an equal value of the overall gate width, which substantiates the significance of leakage through etched GaN surfaces in devices composed of larger number of sidewalls, incorporating larger area of gate-overlapping etched GaN surface.
A habituation memristor model for lung cancer screening application
Authors: Li Xing , Feng Zhe , Fang Xiuquan , Wu Zuheng , Zhu Yunlai , Xu Zuyu , Dai Yuehua 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
—Lung cancer screening is critical to the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Today, computed tomography (CT) scanning technology provides a promising approach for the screening of lung cancer. Nevertheless, the redundant information in CT images often limits the efficiency and accuracy of screening. The biological sensory nervous system has an important mechanism for screening out redundant information, namely habituation. Here, we designed a second-order memristor model with habituation characteristics. Some of the habituation behavior of the memristor model has been demonstrated with LTspice simulation. Furthermore, the habituation memristor model is incorporated in a volatile memristor based leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neuron circuit to construct a simple neural system. The simulation results indicate that the neural system exhibits reliable habituation behaviors. Finally, lung cancer screening tasks have been implemented based on the neural system with habituation behavior. The habituation memristor circuit serves as a data preprocessing layer that filters out relevant information from lung cancer images. The results indicate that the performance and accuracy of lung cancer screening performance are noticeably better than the neural system without habituation behavior. This work provides a new idea for lung cancer screening implementation.
Design and analysis of metasurface-based CPW-Fed UWB MIMO antenna for wireless communication systems
Authors: Li Yujun , Yang Helin , Cheng Houyuan , Wu Jiong , Yang Yuejie , Li Shangru , Jin Jing , Zhang Aidong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A compact 4-port coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with enhanced isolation is proposed to operate from 3.66 GHz to 16.61 GHz with 127.78% impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna system consists of 4 orthogonal arrays of monopole antennas improved by four iterations. The UWB characteristic of the antenna is obtained from an improved monopole antenna fed by CPW. The final MIMO antenna is machined on a Rogers 4003C substrate with dimensions of

60
×
60
×
0.3

mm3. The orthogonal arrangement of antennas brings about the polarization diversity and certain isolation of MIMO antennas. Four rows of orthogonal metasurface elements with via holes and the ring of the backplane further improve the isolation between antenna elements in the MIMO system. The MIMO antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 12.95 GHz with

S

11

<
−
10

dB and good isolation (

S

21

=
S

41

<
−
30

dB and

S

31

<
−
20

dB). In particular, S31 is always less than −25 dB at frequencies greater than 6 GHz. The measured results of MIMO antenna agree with the simulated results. The optimized MIMO antenna has excellent performance in many aspects, such as UWB, compact size, omnidirectional radiation, enhanced isolation and high efficiency, which means that it has application potential in UWB wireless communication systems.
On validity of the quasi-static approximation in scalar-tensor theories
Authors: Mirpoorian Seyed Hamidreza , Wang Zhuangfei , Pogosian Levon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The discovery of cosmic acceleration motivated extensive studies of dynamical dark energy and modified gravity models. Of particular interest are the scalar-tensor theories, with a scalar field dark energy non-minimally coupled to matter. Cosmological constraints on these models often employ the quasi-static approximation (QSA), in which the dynamics of the scalar field perturbations is proportional to the perturbation in the matter density. Using the QSA simplifies the physical interpretation of the phenomenology of scalar-tensor theories, and results in substantial savings of computing time when deriving parameter constraints. Focusing on the symmetron model, which is a well-motivated scalar-tensor theory with a screening mechanism, we compare the exact solution of the linearly perturbed field equations to those obtained under the QSA and identify the range of the model parameters for which the QSA is valid. We find that the evolution of background scalar field is most important, namely, whether it is dominated by the Hubble friction or the scalar field potential. This helps us derive a criterion for the symmetron model, but same argument can be applied to other scalar-tensor theories of generalized Brans-Dicke type. We consider two scenarios, one where the scalar field is only coupled to dark matter and where it couples to all of the matter.
Optogenetic spinal stimulation promotes new axonal growth and skilled forelimb recovery in rats with sub-chronic cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Mondello Sarah E , Young Lisa , Dang Viet , Fischedick Amanda E , Tolley Nicholas M , Wang Tian , Bravo Madison A , Lee Dalton , Tucker Belinda , Knoernschild Megan , Pedigo Benjamin D , Horner Philip J , Moritz Chet T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to debilitating sensorimotor deficits that greatly limit quality of life. This work aims to develop a mechanistic understanding of how to best promote functional recovery following SCI. Electrical spinal stimulation is one promising approach that is effective in both animal models and humans with SCI. Optogenetic stimulation is an alternative method of stimulating the spinal cord that allows for cell-type-specific stimulation. The present work investigates the effects of preferentially stimulating neurons within the spinal cord and not glial cells, termed ‘neuron-specific’ optogenetic spinal stimulation. We examined forelimb recovery, axonal growth, and vasculature after optogenetic or sham stimulation in rats with cervical SCI. Approach. Adult female rats received a moderate cervical hemicontusion followed by the injection of a neuron-specific optogenetic viral vector ipsilateral and caudal to the lesion site. Animals then began rehabilitation on the skilled forelimb reaching task. At four weeks post-injury, rats received a micro-light emitting diode (µLED) implant to optogenetically stimulate the caudal spinal cord. Stimulation began at six weeks post-injury and occurred in conjunction with activities to promote use of the forelimbs. Following six weeks of stimulation, rats were perfused, and tissue stained for GAP-43, laminin, Nissl bodies and myelin. Location of viral transduction and transduced cell types were also assessed. Main Results. Our results demonstrate that neuron-specific optogenetic spinal stimulation significantly enhances recovery of skilled forelimb reaching. We also found significantly more GAP-43 and laminin labeling in the optogenetically stimulated groups indicating stimulation promotes axonal growth and angiogenesis. Significance. These findings indicate that optogenetic stimulation is a robust neuromodulator that could enable future therapies and investigations into the role of specific cell types, pathways, and neuronal populations in supporting recovery after SCI.
Post-stimulus encoding of decision confidence in EEG: toward a brain–computer interface for decision making
Authors: Sadras Nitin , Sani Omid G , Ahmadipour Parima , Shanechi Maryam M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. When making decisions, humans can evaluate how likely they are to be correct. If this subjective confidence could be reliably decoded from brain activity, it would be possible to build a brain–computer interface (BCI) that improves decision performance by automatically providing more information to the user if needed based on their confidence. But this possibility depends on whether confidence can be decoded right after stimulus presentation and before the response so that a corrective action can be taken in time. Although prior work has shown that decision confidence is represented in brain signals, it is unclear if the representation is stimulus-locked or response-locked, and whether stimulus-locked pre-response decoding is sufficiently accurate for enabling such a BCI. Approach. We investigate the neural correlates of confidence by collecting high-density electroencephalography (EEG) during a perceptual decision task with realistic stimuli. Importantly, we design our task to include a post-stimulus gap that prevents the confounding of stimulus-locked activity by response-locked activity and vice versa, and then compare with a task without this gap. Main results. We perform event-related potential and source-localization analyses. Our analyses suggest that the neural correlates of confidence are stimulus-locked, and that an absence of a post-stimulus gap could cause these correlates to incorrectly appear as response-locked. By preventing response-locked activity from confounding stimulus-locked activity, we then show that confidence can be reliably decoded from single-trial stimulus-locked pre-response EEG alone. We also identify a high-performance classification algorithm by comparing a battery of algorithms. Lastly, we design a simulated BCI framework to show that the EEG classification is accurate enough to build a BCI and that the decoded confidence could be used to improve decision making performance particularly when the task difficulty and cost of errors are high. Significance. Our results show feasibility of non-invasive EEG-based BCIs to improve human decision making.
Analysis of the performance of low gain avalanche diodes for future particle detectors
Authors: Vakili Aref , Pancheri Lucio , Farasat Mahsa , La Magna Antonino , Mascali David , Bregoli Matteo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) are the sensor of choice
for the timing detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the
High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). This paper
presents the results of static and dynamic performance evaluations
of LGADs manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) and
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Timing performance was
measured using β-scopes after a static characterization of the
device (current-voltage and capacitance-voltage curves) and a time
resolution better than 35 ps was extracted under high operational
bias voltage before irradiation. This value is considered within the
nominal requirements of the ATLAS project for un-irradiated
sensors. Transient Current Technique (TCT) was used to observe and
analyze a gain suppression mechanism, i.e. a decrease in gain
correlated with increased laser intensities. TCAD simulations were
carried out to interpret the gain suppression of the BNL sensors
under different conditions of bias voltage and laser intensity. A
good correspondence between experimental observations and TCAD
simulations was found.
A “Cool” route to the Higgs boson and beyond. The Cool Copper Collider
Authors: Vernieri Caterina , Nanni Emilio A. , Dasu Sridhara , Peskin Michael E. , Barklow Tim , Bartoldus Rainer , Bhat Pushpalatha C. , Black Kevin , Brau James E. , Breidenbach Martin , Bullard Brendon , Craig Nathaniel , Denisov Dmitri , Gray Lindsey , Harris Philip C. , Kagan Michael , Liu Zhen , Meade Patrick , Majernik Nathan , Mohammadi Abdollah , Nagaitsev Sergei , Ntounis Dimitris , Ojalvo Isobel , Pachal Katherine , Paus Christoph , Rosenzweig James , Schroeder Carl , Schwartzman Ariel G. , Simakov Evgenya , Swiatlowski Maximilian , Spataro Bruno , Strube Jan , Dong Su , Tantawi Sami , Wang Lian-Tao , White Andy , Wilson Graham W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Construction of an e
+
e
- Higgs factory has been
identified as a major goal for particle physics. Such a collider
will offer precise measurements of the Higgs bosons couplings to
other particles. A Higgs factory extendable in energy can also
establish the Higgs self-coupling, measure the Higgs coupling to the
top quark, and expand the reach to probe new phenomena. We propose a
strategy for an energy-extendable Higgs factory based on a new
linear accelerator technology. This strategy offers a compact and
cost-effective design that could be realized as an accelerator
project in the US. The core technologies to be developed have broad
applications to accelerators for medicine and for X-ray science. The
challenge of realizing these technologies will offer unique and
exciting opportunities to young scientists.
Use of an automated software module for monthly routine Machine QA tests
Authors: Bonanno E. , Borzì G.R. , Cavalli N. , Pace M. , Stella G. , Zirone L. , Marino C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility of
implementing an automated module of a commercial software for
monthly routine Linac QA tests. The AAPM TG 142 report is a
reference document which includes recommendations for general
Quality Assurance (QA) tests for medical linear
accelerators. DoseLab software includes an AutoQA module for users
to run TG-142's Machine QA tests in an automated sequence. The
execution of the individual monthly tests (without DoseLab) is
compared with AutoQA in terms of time consuming, reproducibility,
additional data and user friendliness. The total time required was
195 minutes for single test mode, without DoseLab, and 80 minutes
for AutoQA. Auto QA allows the user to analyze more parameters than
single-test mode, especially for kV and MV images. Different
profiles in sizes and energies are examined in minor time. The
Winston-Lutz test is more quickly and complete. CBCT QA test is less
laborious and no user-dependent. Reproducibility of results is
verified: the coefficient of variation over 5 consecutive repeated
measurements is less than 5%. The software database makes it
possible to monitor the trend of different parameters over
time. AutoQA module significantly reduces the time spent for QA. It
also allows to get more quantitative informations and delete the
user-dependent uncertainties.