bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering daily online adaptive radiotherapy in the pelvis: Dosimetric effects and procedural implications of trigger parameter‐value selection
Authors: Yock Adam D. , Ahmed Mahmoud , Masick Sarah , Morales‐Paliza Manuel , Kluwe Christien , Shinde Ashwin , Kirschner Austin , Shinohara Eric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnline adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can address dosimetric consequences of variations in anatomy by creating a new plan during treatment. However, ART is time‐ and labor‐intensive and should be implemented in a resource‐conscious way. Adaptive triggers composed of parameter‐value pairs may direct the judicious use of online ART.PurposeThis work analyzed our clinical experience using CBCT‐based daily online ART to demonstrate how a conceptual framework based on adaptive triggers affects the dosimetric and procedural impact of ART.MethodsSixteen patients across several pelvic sites were treated with CBCT‐based daily online ART. Differences in standardized dose metrics were compared between the original plan, the original plan recalculated on the daily anatomy, and an adaptive plan. For each metric, trigger values were analyzed in terms of the proportion of treatments adapted and the distribution of metric values.ResultsTarget coverage metrics were compromised due to anatomic variation with the average change per treatment ranging from ‐0.90 to ‐0.05 Gy, ‐0.47 to ‐0.02 Gy, ‐0.31 to ‐0.01 Gy, and ‐12.45% to ‐2.65% for PTV D99%, PTV D95%, CTV D99%, and CTV V100%, respectively. These were improved using the adaptive plan (‐0.03 to 0.01 Gy, ‐0.02 to 0.00 Gy, ‐0.03 to 0.00 Gy, and ‐4.70% to 0.00%, respectively). Increasingly strict triggers resulted in a non‐linear increase in the proportion of treatments adapted and improved the distribution of metric values with diminishing returns. Some organ‐at‐risk (OAR) metrics were compromised by anatomic variation and improved using the adaptive plan, but changes in most OAR metrics were randomly distributed.ConclusionsDaily online ART improved target coverage across multiple pelvic treatment sites and techniques. These effects were larger than those for OAR metrics, suggesting that maintaining target coverage was our primary benefit of CBCT‐based daily online ART. Analyses like these can determine online ART triggers from a cost‐benefit perspective.
A clinical application of fair value estimate (FVE) for R50%: Separating overlapping 50% isodose volumes in single isocenter multiple targets SRS
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Cordrey Ivan L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the treatment of single isocenter multiple targets (SIMT) stereotactic cranial cases with linac‐based, multi‐leaf collimated delivery, one encounters cases when the 50% isodose clouds (IDC50%s) of planning target volumes (PTVs) in close proximity overlap and cannot easily be separated. In such cases, it is difficult to assign an IDC50% to each individual PTV, which is necessary to allow evaluation of individual PTV intermediate dose spill for comparison to established intermediate dose spill metrics for plan quality assessment. The Fair Value Estimate (FVE) for R50% (R50%FVE) is a method to unambiguously apportion the overlapping volume of IDC50% to allow calculation of the intermediate dose spill metric R50% (defined as volume of IDC50% / volume of PTV). Full application of R50%FVE requires knowing the surface area of the PTVs. Since surface area information is not always available, we develop a spherical PTV approximation to R50%FVE‐sphere and compare this to R50%FVE. Then we apply the R50%FVE‐sphere to clinical data from the University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB) that catalogs 68 PTVs from various SIMT plans with overlapping IDC50%. The UAB dataset reports intermediate dose spill as Falloff Index. While Falloff Index looks mathematically equivalent to R50%, the Falloff Index attributes the “entire overlapping IDC50% of PTVs in close proximity” to each individual PTV in the cluster. R50%FVE‐sphere provides a value that is conceptually correct and numerically smaller relative to the Falloff Index data reported by UAB in all cases. This reprocessing of the UAB data places many of the PTVs with very high intermediate dose spill within recently proposed R50% guidelines.
Toward an early clinical diagnosis of MM2‐type sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Chen Zhongyun , Kong Yu , Zhang Jing , Chu Min , Liu Li , Xie Kexin , Cui Yue , Ye Hong , Li Junjie , Wang Lin , Wu Liyong 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the proportion of clinically diagnosed MM2‐type sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) in a Chinese cohort, describe the clinical features of MM2‐cortical (MM2C) and MM2‐thalamic (MM2T) type sCJD to improve the early detection of MM2‐type sCJD.MethodsA total of 209 patients with sCJD admitted to the Xuanwu Hospital between February 2012 and August 2022 were reviewed. The patients were classified into probable MM2C, MM2T‐type sCJD, and other types of sCJD according to current clinical diagnostic criteria. Clinical and ancillary data were compared between the groups.ResultsFifty‐one (24.4%) patients were clinically diagnosed with MM2‐type sCJD, of which 44 were diagnosed with MM2C‐type sCJD and 7 with MM2T‐type sCJD. In the absence of RT‐QuIC, 27 (61.3%) patients of MM2C‐type sCJD did not meet the US CDC sCJD criteria for possible sCJD on admission, even though the mean period from onset to admission was 6.0 months. However, all of these patients had cortical hyperintensity on DWI. Compared to the other types of sCJD, MM2C‐type sCJD was associated with slower disease progression and the absence of the typical clinical features of sCJD; the MM2T‐type sCJD group had a higher proportion of males, earlier age of onset, longer duration of disease, and a higher incidence of bilateral thalamic hypometabolism/hypoperfusion.InterpretationIn the absence of multiple typical sCJD symptoms within 6 months, the presence of cortical hyperintensity on DWI should raise concerns for MM2C‐type sCJD after excluding other etiologies. Bilateral thalamic hypometabolism/hypoperfusion may be more helpful in the clinical diagnosis of MM2T‐type sCJD.
A transfer learning‐based deep convolutional neural network approach for induction machine multiple faults detection
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Hati Ananda Shankar , Kumar Prince 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe condition monitoring of squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) is vital for uninterrupted production and minimum downtime. Early fault detection can boost output with minimum effort. This article combines the application of transfer learning and convolution neural network (TL‐CNN) for developing an efficient model for bearing and rotor broken bars damage identification in SCIMs. A simple technique for the 1‐D current signal‐to‐image conversion is also proposed to provide input to the proposed deep learning‐based TL‐CNN technique. The proposed approach embodies the advantages of TL and CNN for effective fault identification in SCIMs. The developed technique has classified faults efficiently with an average accuracy of 99.40%. The complete analysis and data collection have been done on the experimental set‐up with a 5 kW SCIM and LabVIEW‐based data acquisition system. The propounded fault detection model has been created in python with the help of packages like Keras and TensorFlow.
Additive Manufacturing of Porous Biominerals
Authors: Zhao Ran , Wittig Nina Kølln , De Angelis Gaia , Yuan Tianyu , Hirsch Matteo , Birkedal Henrik , Amstad Esther 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNature fabricates hard functional materials from soft organic scaffolds that are mineralized. To enable an energy‐efficient locomotion of these creatures while maintaining their structural stability, nature often renders parts of these minerals porous. Unfortunately, methods to produce synthetic minerals with a similar degree of control over their multi length scale porous structure remain elusive. This level of control, however, would be required to design lightweight yet robust biominerals. Here, a room temperature process is presented that combines a localized mineralization with emulsion‐based 3D printing to form cm sized biominerals possessing pores whose diameters range from the 100 s of nm up to the mm length scale. The samples encompass up to 80 wt% of CaCO3 and display a specific compressive strength that is significantly higher than that of previously reported 3D printed porous biominerals and close to those of trabecular bones. The universality of this approach by forming different types of bioactive minerals, including calcite, aragonite, and brushite is demonstrated. The ability to 3D print these materials under benign conditions renders this energy‐efficient process well‐suited to construct cm‐sized lightweight yet load‐bearing structures that might find applications, for example, in the design of the next generation of flying or motile objects.
Reactivating the Dead Lithium by Redox Shuttle to Promote the Efficient Utilization of Lithium for Anode Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Liu Jie , Li Yufei , Zhao Dongchen , Huang Wei , Zheng Yiwei , Zhou Jinqiu , Zhu Changhao , Deng Chengwei , Sun Yi , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnode free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), as a kind of novel battery configuration with zero excess lithium, can improve the energy density to the limit compared with lithium metal batteries and effectively ensure the safety. However, the lifespan of AFLMBs is a tricky problem because there is no extra lithium source to compensate for the irreversible loss of active lithium, which is mainly caused by the continuous decomposition of electrolyte and the formation of dead lithium. Herein, a redox shuttle additive, which can be oxidized in the cathode and reduced in the electrolyte reversibly, is introduced to improve the lithium utilization and lifespan of AFLMBs by reactivating the dead lithium. During the charging process, the redox shuttle additive can be oxidized on the cathode surface and serve as electron acceptor toward dead lithium. The electrically isolated dead lithium in the electrolyte can be re‐activated into active lithium ions when captured by oxidized redox shuttle additive.As a result, electrolyte with redox shuttle achieves average higher coulombic efficiency of 99.13% than electrolyte without redox shuttle (97.71%). In addition, the AFLMB with redox shuttle exhibits improved cycling performance with extended lifespan.
Progresses and Perspectives of All‐Iron Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Belongia Shawn , Wang Xiang , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising option for long‐duration energy storage (LDES) due to their stability, scalability, and potential reversibility. However, solid‐state and non‐aqueous flow batteries have low safety and low conductivity, while aqueous systems using vanadium and zinc are expensive and have low power and energy densities, limiting their industrial application. An approach to lower capital cost and improve scalability is to utilize cheap Earth‐abundant metals such as iron (Fe). Nevertheless, all‐iron RFBs have many complications, involving voltage loss from ohmic resistance, side reactions such as hydrogen evolution, oxidation, and most significantly electrode plating, and dendrite growth. To address these issues, researchers have begun to examine the effects of various alterations to all‐iron RFBs, such as adding organic ligands to form Fe complexes and using a slurry electrode instead of common materials such as graphite or platinum rods. Overall, progress in improving aqueous all‐iron RFBs is at its infant stage, and new strategies must be introduced, such as the utilization of nanoparticles, which can limit dendrite growth while increasing storage capacity. This review provides an in‐depth overview of current research and offers perspectives on how to design the next generation of all‐iron aqueous RFBs.
Cu Aerogels with Sustainable Cu(I)/Cu(II) Redox Cycles for Sensitive Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Fang Qie , Wang Hengjia , Wei Xiaoqian , Tang Yinjun , Luo Xin , Xu Weiqing , Hu Liuyong , Gu Wenling , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping functional nanomaterials for nonenzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing platforms is vital and challenging from the perspective of pathology and physiology. Accurate identification of active sites and thorough investigation of catalytic mechanisms are critical prerequisites for the design of advanced catalysts for electrochemical sensing. Herein, Cu aerogels are synthesized as a model system for sensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensing. The resultant Cu aerogels exhibit good catalytic activity for glucose electrooxidation with high sensitivity and a low detection limit. Significantly, in situ electrochemical investigations and Raman characterizations reveal the catalytic mechanism of Cu‐based nonenzymatic glucose sensing. During the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose, Cu(I) is electrochemically oxidized to generate Cu(II), and the resultant Cu(II) is spontaneously reduced back to Cu(I) by glucose, achieving the sustained Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox cycles. This study provides profound insights into the catalytic mechanism for nonenzymatic glucose sensing, which provides great potential guidance for a rational design of advanced catalysts in the future.
Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to Polysulfide and Thiosulfate by a Carbon Nanozyme: Therapeutic Implications with an Emphasis on Down Syndrome
Authors: Derry Paul J. , Liopo Anton V. , Mouli Karthik , McHugh Emily A. , Vo Anh T. T. , McKelvey Ann , Suva Larry J. , Wu Gang , Gao Yan , Olson Kenneth R. , Tour James M. , Kent Thomas A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a noxious, potentially poisonous, but necessary gas produced from sulfur metabolism in humans. In Down Syndrome (DS), the production of H2S is elevated and associated with degraded mitochondrial function. Therefore, removing H2S from the body as a stable oxide could be an approach to reducing the deleterious effects of H2S in DS. In this report we describe the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to polysulfides (HS2+n−) and thiosulfate (S2O32−) by poly(ethylene glycol) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG‐HCCs) and poly(ethylene glycol) oxidized activated charcoal (PEG‐OACs), examples of oxidized carbon nanozymes (OCNs). We show that OCNs oxidize H2S to polysulfides and S2O32− in a dose‐dependent manner. The reaction is dependent on O2 and the presence of quinone groups on the OCNs. In DS donor lymphocytes we found that OCNs increased polysulfide production, proliferation, and afforded protection against additional toxic levels of H2S compared to untreated DS lymphocytes. Finally, in Dp16 and Ts65DN murine models of DS, we found that OCNs restored osteoclast differentiation. This new action suggests potential facile translation into the clinic for conditions involving excess H2S exemplified by DS.
Single‐Gate In‐Transistor Readout of Current Superposition and Collapse Utilizing Quantum Tunneling and Ferroelectric Switching
Authors: Chen Ching‐Hung , Lai Yu‐Ting , Chen Ciao‐Fen , Wu Pei‐Tzu , Su Kuan‐Jung , Hsu Sheng‐Yang , Dai Guo‐Jin , Huang Zan‐Yi , Hsu Chien‐Lung , Lee Shen‐Yang , Shen Chuan‐Hui , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Lee Chia‐Chin , Hsieh Dong‐Ru , Lin Yen‐Fu , Chao Tien‐Sheng , Lo Shun‐Tsung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn nanostructure assemblies, the superposition of current paths forms microscopic electric circuits, and different circuit networks produce varying results, particularly when utilized as transistor channels for computing applications. However, the intricate nature of assembly networks and the winding paths of commensurate currents hinder standard circuit modeling. Inspired by the quantum collapse of superposition states for information decoding in quantum circuits, the implementation of analogous current path collapse to facilitate the detection of microscopic circuits by modifying their network topology is explored. Here, the superposition and collapse of current paths in gate‐all‐around polysilicon nanosheet arrays are demonstrated to enrich the computational resources within transistors by engineering the channel length and quantity. Switching the ferroelectric polarization of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 gate dielectric, which drives these transistors out‐of‐equilibrium, decodes the output polymorphism through circuit topological modifications. Furthermore, a protocol for the single‐electron readout of ferroelectric polarization is presented with tailoring the channel coherence. The introduction of lateral path superposition results into intriguing metal‐to‐insulator transitions due to transient behavior of ferroelectric switching. This ability to adjust the current networks within transistors and their interaction with ferroelectric polarization in polycrystalline nanostructures lays the groundwork for generating diverse current characteristics as potential physical databases for optimization‐based computing.
Unique Tridentate Coordination Tailored Solvation Sheath Toward Highly Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Junru , Gao Ziyao , Tian Yao , Zhao Yun , Lin Yilong , Wang Kang , Guo Hexin , Pan Yanfang , Wang Xianshu , Kang Feiyu , Tavajohi Naser , Fan Xiulin , Li Baohua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrolyte optimization by solvent molecule design is recognized as an effective approach for stabilizing lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, the coordination pattern of Li ions (Li+) with solvent molecules is sparsely considered. Here, an electrolyte design strategy is reported based on bi/tridentate chelation of Li+ and solvent to tune the solvation structure. As a proof of concept, a novel solvent with multi‐oxygen coordination sites is demonstrated to facilitate the formation of an anion‐aggregated solvation shell, enhancing the interfacial stability and de‐solvation kinetics. As a result, the as‐developed electrolyte exhibits ultra‐stable cycling over 1400 h in symmetric cells with 50 µm‐thin Li foils. When paired with high‐loading LiFePO4, full cells maintain 92% capacity over 500 cycles and deliver improved electrochemical performances over a wide temperature range from −10 to 60 °C. Furthermore, the concept is validated in a pouch cell (570 mAh), achieving a capacity retention of 99.5% after 100 cycles. This brand‐new insight on electrolyte engineering provides guidelines for practical high‐performance Li metal batteries.
Defect Engineering of a High‐Entropy Metallic Glass Surface for High‐Performance Overall Water Splitting at Ampere‐Level Current Densities
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Yang Yiyuan , Liu Yujing , Jia Zhe , Wang Qianqian , Sun Ligang , Zhang Lai‐Chang , Kruzic Jamie J. , Lu Jian , Shen Baolong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlatinum‐based electrocatalysts possess high water electrolysis activity and are essential components for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A major challenge, however, is how to break the cost‐efficiency trade‐off. Here, a novel defect engineering strategy is presented to construct a nanoporous (FeCoNiB0.75)97Pt3 (atomic %) high‐entropy metallic glass (HEMG) with a nanocrystalline surface structure that contains large amounts of lattice distortion and stacking faults to achieve excellent electrocatalytic performance using only 3 at% of Pt. The defect‐rich HEMG achieves ultralow overpotentials at ampere‐level current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for HER (104 mV) and oxygen evolution reaction (301 mV) under alkaline conditions, while retains a long‐term durability exceeding 200 h at 100 mA cm−2. Moreover, it only requires 81 and 122 mV to drive the current densities of 1000 and 100 mA cm−2 for HER under acidic and neutral conditions, respectively. Modelling results reveal that lattice distortion and stacking fault defects help to optimize atomic configuration and modulate electronic interaction, while the surface nanoporous architecture provides abundant active sites, thus synergistically contributing to the reduced energy barrier for water electrolysis. This defect engineering approach combined with a HEMG design strategy is expected to be widely applicable for development of high‐performance alloy catalysts.
Stabilizing Supersaturation with Extreme Grain Refinement in Spinodal Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhong Yiming , Li Xiuyan , Lu K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSupersaturated solid solutions can be formed in alloys from various non‐equilibrium processes, but stabilizing the metastable phases against decomposition is challenging, particularly the spinodal decomposition that occurs via chemical fluctuations without energy barriers to nucleation. In this work, it is found that spinodal decomposition in supersaturated Al(Zn) solid solutions can be inhibited with straining‐induced extreme grain refinement. For the refined supersaturated grains at the nanoscale, their spinodal decomposition is obviously resisted by the relaxed grain boundaries and reduced lattice defects. As grains are refined below 10 nm the decomposition is completely inhibited, in which atomic diffusion is blocked by the stable Schwarz crystal structure with vacancy‐free grains. Extreme grain refinement offers a general approach to stabilize supersaturated phases with broadened compositional windows for property modulation of alloys.
Multi‐Channel Image Encryption Based on an All‐Dielectric Metasurface Incorporating Near‐Field Nanoprinting and Far‐Field Holography
Authors: Yuan Huan , Zhong Zheqiang , Zhang Yunhao , Zhang Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetasurfaces that can efficiently control the light‐field characteristics have shown many advantages in ultra‐compact, high‐resolution, and high‐concealment optical imaging such as nanoprinting and holography. The development of metasurfaces with multiple functions operating at multiple wavelengths can promote the progress of optical imaging with high information storage and encryption densities. Here, an all‐dielectric metasurface is proposed for multi‐channel image encryption in the near field by controlling the amplitude distribution based on Marius’ law and for holographic imaging in the far field by controlling the phase distribution based on the Pancharatnam–Berry phase. This metasurface can realize the pattern imaging of 12 channels by independently regulating the three‐wavelength channel and different polarization modes. The metasurface achieves independent control of the amplitude, phase, polarization, and wavelength of the incident light wave, improving the storage capacity of information and its encryption security level. The proposed multichannel metasurface provides an effective solution for high‐capacity optical encryption and information storage applications.
Systematic Mining and Evaluation of the Sesquiterpene Skeletons as High Energy Aviation Fuel Molecules
Authors: Huang Yanglei , Ye Ziling , Wan Xiukun , Yao Ge , Duan Jingyu , Liu Jiajia , Yao Mingdong , Sun Xiang , Deng Zixin , Shen Kun , Jiang Hui , Liu Tiangang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSesquiterpenes have been identified as promising ingredients for aviation fuels due to their high energy density and combustion heat properties. Despite the characterization of numerous sesquiterpene structures, studies testing their performance properties and feasibility as fuels are scarce. In this study, 122 sesquiterpenoid skeleton compounds, obtained from existing literature reports, are tested using group contribution and gaussian quantum chemistry methods to assess their potential as high‐energy aviation fuels. Seventeen sesquiterpene compounds exhibit good predictive performance and nine compounds are further selected for overproduction in yeast. Through fed‐batch fermentation, all compounds achieve the highest reported titers to date. Subsequently, three representative products, pentalenene, presilphiperfol‐1‐ene, and α‐farnesene, are selected, produced, purified in large quantities, and tested for use as potential fuels. The performance of pentalenene, presilphiperfol‐1‐ene, and their derivatives reveals favorable prospects as high‐energy aviation fuels.