bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the spatial distribution, structure and functional activity of microbial communities in river ecosystems of Eastern Transbaikalia (on the example of the Khilok River)
Authors: Matyugina E B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The spatial distribution, structure, and functional activity of microbial communities in one of the river ecosystems of Eastern Transbaikalia, the Khilok River, its tributaries, and floodplain lakes, were studied. It has been established that the microbial communities of the upper reaches of the Khilok River are formed under the influence of the waters of the source of the river of the eutrophic Lake Shakshinskoye and the allochthonous matter supplied with the terrigenous runoff. The total number of bacteria here reaches 2.2 × 106 cells/mL, and bacterial production is 0.46 g / m3 × day-1. In the middle and lower reaches of the river, a stable rheophilic microbial community is formed, the structure and functioning of which depend on the autochthonous and allochthonous substance of the ecosystem, the specifics of the hydrological regime of the river, its tributaries and floodplain lakes. The total number of bacteria here rises to 5.1 × 106 cells/mL, and bacterial production to 0.82-1.87 g / m3 × day-1. In shallow floodplain lakes and in sections of rivers where an additional pool of organic matter enters, the maximum functional indicators of the microbial community of the river ecosystem were recorded. The rate of reproduction of bacteria here reaches 11-42 hours, and bacterial production is 8.32 g/m3 × day-1.
Chinese bush warbler Locustella tacsanowskia (Swinhoe, 1871) in the Khentei-Chikoi Highlands
Authors: Malkov E E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The article describes the expansion within the Khentei-Chikoy Highlands (Eastern Siberia and North-Eastern Mongolia) of the range of a rare bird species, the Chinese bush warbler (Locustella tacsanowskia (Swinhoe, 1871)). Based on the results of long-term observations, the characteristics of the habitats of this species are given. It is shown that the Siberian pied beetle has a fairly wide distribution in this territory within both the forest-steppe and forest zones and is a relatively flexible species in the choice of nesting habitats. It is concluded that a necessary condition for the habitat of the Siberian pied beetle is the presence of trees and shrubs with dense tall grasses, and this indicates the stability of the ecological situation within the Khentei-Chikoi Highlands.
Intraspecific variation of scent and its impact on pollinators’ preferences
Authors: Vega-Polanco Mayumi , Solís-Montero Lislie , Rojas Julio C , Cruz-López Leopoldo , Alavez-Rosas David , Vallejo-Marín Mario 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Floral scents shape plant–pollinator interactions. Although populations of the same species can vary in their floral scent, little is known about how this variation affects pollinator visitation. In this study, we compare the scents emitted by buzz-pollinated Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) in two areas of its distribution (Mexico and USA) and investigate how these differences in scent affect pollinator preferences and attraction. We determined the variation of floral volatile compounds using hexane extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with spectrometry. We also performed a field cage multiple-choice bioassay and a Y-tube behavioural bioassay using Bombus impatiens. We recorded 13 volatile compounds in floral extracts for plants from both ranges that varied qualitative and semi-quantitatively among populations. We found that in the field cage experiment, bumble bees visited plants from the US populations more frequently than plants from Mexican populations. However, bees showed no difference in preference between extracts from Mexican or US flowers. We conclude that although bees show differential visitation to whole plants of different regions, variation in floral extract alone does not translate into differences in preference by B. impatiens. The potential effects of variation in floral scent on the other native bee pollinators remain to be assessed.
Drug Legalization, Democracy and Public Health: Canadian Stakeholders’ Opinions and Values with Respect to the Legalization of Cannabis
Authors: Rochette Marianne , Valiquette Matthew , Barned Claudia , Racine Eric 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The legalization of cannabis in Canada instantiates principles of harm-reduction and safe supply. However, in-depth understanding of values at stake and attitudes toward legalization were not part of extensive democratic deliberation. Through a qualitative exploratory study, we undertook 48 semi-structured interviews with three Canadian stakeholder groups to explore opinions and values with respect to the legalization of cannabis: (1) members of the general public, (2) people with lived experience of addiction and (3) clinicians with experience treating patients with addiction. Across all groups, participants tended to be in favor of legalization, but particular opinions rested on their viewpoint as stakeholders. Clinicians considered the way legalization would affect an individual’s health and its potential for increasing rates of addiction on a larger scale. People with lived experience of addiction cited personal autonomy more than other groups and stressed the need to have access to quality information to make truly informed decisions. Alternatively, members of the public considered legalization positive or negative in light of whether one’s addiction affected others. We elaborate on and discuss how scientific evidence about drug use impact values relates and how can different arguments play in democratic debates about legalization.
Can the police cool down quality-of-life hotspots? A double-blind national randomized control trial of policing low-harm hotspots
Authors: Ariel Barak , Sutherland Alex , Weisburd David , Ilan Yonatan , Bland Matt 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSubstantial evidence suggests that focussing police resources on hotspots of crime has a discernable crime-reduction effect. However, little is known about the efficacy of proactively policing areas with higher concentrations of more common low-harm problems in society. This study evaluates the first national double-blind randomized controlled trial in which clearly identifiable hotspots (n = 488) of low-harm ‘quality-of-life’ incidents nested in 31 participating police stations were randomized to be either actively policed by any available police officer or by ‘business-as-usual’ reactive policing over a 12-month period. A series of count-based regression models show a moderate and statistically significant reduction in the number of quality-of-life incidents in treatment versus control hotspots, with more than 2,000 quality-of-life incidents prevented, without evidence of spatial displacement to street segments nearby. However, we find no diffusion of benefits in terms of other crime types within the same hotspots, which may suggest that either low- and high-harm crime hotspots are not spatially aligned with each other, that focussing police officers on one type of crime does not produce a suppression effect on other types of crime, or both. We discuss the implications of these results for crime policy and future research.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Combined With Preoperative Embolization for Reducing Intraoperative Blood Loss in Separation Surgery for Thoracolumbar Metastases
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhou Yi , Qian Sheng , Li Xilei , Lin Hong , Dong Jian , Zhou Xiaogang 
Published: July 2023

Study Design.
A prospective consecutive case study.

Objective.
This study aimed to assess the accuracy of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in evaluating the vascularity of thoracolumbar metastases and to determine the impact of combining CTP with preoperative embolization on reducing intraoperative blood loss during separation surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Surgery for thoracolumbar metastases is a complex procedure with the potential for substantial blood loss. Therefore, assessing tumor vascularity before surgery and taking measures to minimize intraoperative blood loss is essential.

Methods.
A total of 62 patients with thoracolumbar metastases were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent separation surgery using the posterior approach. Before surgery, the vascularity of the metastases was evaluated using CTP. On the basis of the CTP results, patients were categorized into hypervascular and hypovascular groups. Preoperative angiography and embolization were performed for the hypervascular group. Clinical data were abstracted, including intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications, visual analog scale score, neurological status, and the accuracy of vascularity evaluation by CTP confirmed by angiography. χ2 testing was used to compare categorical variables, whereas independent sample t tests were used to compare continuous variables, with paired t tests used to assess differences from preoperative to postoperative time points.

Results.
The mean intraoperative blood loss was 485±167 and 455±127.6 mL in the two groups, respectively. The accuracy of vascularity evaluation by CTP was 100%. In the hypervascular group, 80.6% of the patients experienced at least one level of improvement in neurological status, while the hypovascular group had 81.5% of patients with similar improvement. None of the patients experienced neurological deterioration. There was a significant reduction in visual analog scale scores in both groups after the operation.

Conclusions.
The vascularity of thoracolumbar metastases could be accurately evaluated using noninvasive CTP. When combined with preoperative embolization, this approach effectively and safely reduced intraoperative blood loss in the setting of separation surgery.
Replication stress inducing ELF3 upregulation promotes BRCA1-deficient breast tumorigenesis in luminal progenitors
Authors: Zhou Jiadong , Zhou Xiao Albert , Hu Li , Ma Yujie , Zhan Jun , Xu Zhanzhan , Zhou Mei , Shen Qinjian , Liu Zhaofei , Ma Shaohua , Xie Yuntao , Wang Jiadong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBRCA1 is a critical tumor suppressor, mutations in which greatly increase risks for many tumors in carriers, most notably breast cancer. Luminal progenitor cells (LPs) are the currently recognized cells origin of BRCA1-deficient breast cancers. However, the reason why LPs are prone to transform with BRCA1 deficiency has not been elucidated. Here, using single-cell sequencing of human BRCA1 mutant breast cancers and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of BRCA1-deficient normal mammary cells, we reveal that replication stress is a feature of LPs and a driving factor during BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, replication stress and BRCA1 deficiency lead to significant upregulation of ELF3 expression. ELF3 can help suppress excessive genomic instability and promote LP transformation with BRCA1 deficiency. Moreover, ELF3 emerged as a core transcription factor regulating LP genes, leading to LP expansion. Our findings suggest that replication stress is a driving factor during BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis in luminal progenitor cells and elucidates the key role of ELF3 during this process.
Age‐associated reduction of nuclear shape dynamics in excitatory neurons of the visual cortex
Authors: Frey Tanita , Murakami Tomonari , Maki Koichiro , Kawaue Takumi , Tani Naoki , Sugai Ayaka , Nakazawa Naotaka , Ishiguro Kei‐ichiro , Adachi Taiji , Kengaku Mineko , Ohki Kenichi , Gotoh Yukiko , Kishi Yusuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeurons decline in their functionality over time, and age‐related neuronal alterations are associated with phenotypes of neurodegenerative diseases. In nonneural tissues, an infolded nuclear shape has been proposed as a hallmark of aged cells and neurons with infolded nuclei have also been reported to be associated with neuronal activity. Here, we performed time‐lapse imaging in the visual cortex of Nex‐Cre;SUN1‐GFP mice. Nuclear infolding was observed within 10 min of stimulation in young nuclei, while the aged nuclei were already infolded pre‐stimulation and showed reduced dynamics of the morphology. In young nuclei, the depletion of the stimuli restored the nucleus to a spherical shape and reduced the dynamic behavior, suggesting that nuclear infolding is a reversible process. We also found the aged nucleus to be stiffer than the young one, further relating to the age‐associated loss of nuclear shape dynamics. We reveal temporal changes in the nuclear shape upon external stimulation and observe that these morphological dynamics decrease with age.
What does America think about the Senkaku Islands? An analysis of US think tank policy and strategy positions
Authors: Ando Mio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study conducts the first systematic review of major United States (US) think tank policy and strategy positions regarding defense of the Senkaku Islands. An analytical framework for content analysis is created and then applied to 76 documents spanning the 2010–2020 period. The policy orientations of 10 leading think tanks are identified, as is the strategic rationale behind their arguments. Because think tanks in the US exert tremendous influence on policymaking, the thick description conducted in this study can shed a great deal of light not only on the past but also the future scope of potential US policy options in the East China Sea.
Physical characteristics and maximum allowable mass of hybrid star in the context of f(Q) gravity
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Pradhan Sneha , Malik Adnan , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we explore several new characteristics of a static anisotropic hybrid star with strange quark matter (SQM) and ordinary baryonic matter (OBM) distribution. Here, we use the MIT bag model equation of state to connect the density and pressure of SQM inside stars, whereas the linear equation of state $$p_r =\alpha \rho -\beta $$

p
r

=
α
ρ
-
β

connects the radial pressure and matter density caused by baryonic matter. The stellar model was developed under a background of f(Q) gravity using the quadratic form of f(Q). We utilized the Tolman–Kuchowicz ansatz (Tolman in Phys. Rev. 55:364–373, 1939; Kuchowicz in Acta Phys Pol 33: 541, 1968) to find the solutions to the field equations under modified gravity. We have matched the interior solution to the external Schwarzschild spacetime in order to acquire the numerical values of the model parameters. We have selected the star Her X-1 to develop various profiles of the model parameters. Several significant physical characteristics have been examined analytically and graphically, including matter densities, tangential and radial pressures, energy conditions, anisotropy factor, redshirt, compactness, etc. The main finding is that there is no core singularity present in the formations of the star under investigation. The nature of mass and the bag constant $$B_g$$

B
g

have been studied in details through equi-mass and equi-$$B_g$$

B
g

contour. The maximum allowable mass and the corresponding radius have been obtained via $$M-R$$

M
-
R

plots.
Transcription factor c-fos induces the development of premature ovarian insufficiency by regulating MALAT1/miR-22-3p/STAT1 network
Authors: Qiu Ting , Zhou Jie , Ji Bing , Yuan Liuyang , Weng Tingsong , Liu Huishu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The current study attempted to investigate the role of transcription factor c-fos in the development of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) as well as the underlying mechanism involving the MALAT1/miR-22-3p/STAT1 ceRNA network.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was performed to extract POI-related microarray dataset for identifying the target genes. Interaction among c-fos, MALAT1, miR-22-3p, and STAT1 was analyzed. An in vivo POI mouse model was prepared followed by injection of sh-c-fos and sh-STAT1 lentiviruses. Besides, an in vitro POI cell model was constructed to study the regulatory roles of c-fos, MALAT1, miR-22-3p, and STAT1.

Results
c-fos, MALAT1, and STAT1 were highly expressed in ovarian tissues from POI mice and CTX-induced KGN cells, while miR-22-3p was poorly expressed. c-fos targeted MALAT1 and promoted MALAT1 transcription. MALAT1 competitively bound to miR-22-3p and miR-22-3p could suppress STAT1 expression. Mechanically, c-fos aggravated ovarian function impairment in POI mice and inhibited KGN cell proliferation through regulation of the MALAT1/miR-22-3p/STAT1 regulatory network.

Conclusion
Our findings highlighted inducing role of the transcription factor c-fos in POI through modulation of the MALAT1/miR-22-3p/STAT1 ceRNA network.
Temporo-Parietal Extraventricular Approach for Deep Brain Stimulation Targeting the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus: Institutional Experience
Authors: Parisi Veronica , Gregg Nicholas M. , Lundstrom Brian N. , Alcala-Zermeno Juan Luis , Worrell Gregory , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is a common target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, the surgical approach to the ANT remains challenging because of its unique anatomy. This study aims to summarize our experience with the posterior temporo-parietal extraventricular (TPEV) approach targeting the ANT for DBS in DRE.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with DRE who underwent ANT-DBS using the TPEV approach between January 2011 and February 2021. Subjects with at least 6-month follow-up were eligible. The final lead position and number of active contacts targeting the anteroventral nucleus (AV) of the ANT were assessed using Lead-DBS. Mean seizure frequency reduction percentage and responder rate (≥50% decrease in seizure frequency) were determined.

RESULTS:
Thirty-one patients (mean age: 32.9 years; 52% female patients) were included. The mean follow-up period was 27.6 months ± 13.9 (29, 16-36). The mean seizure frequency reduction percentage was 65% ± 26 (75, 50-82). Twenty-six of 31 participants (83%) were responders, P < .001. Two subjects (6%) were seizure-free for at least 6 months at the last evaluation. Antiepileptic drugs dose and/or number decreased in 17/31 subjects (55%). The success rate for placing at least 1 contact at AV was 87% (27/31 patients) bilaterally. The number of active contacts at the AV was significantly greater in the responder group, 3.1 ± 1.3 (3, 2-4) vs 1.8 ± 1.1 (2, 1-2.5); P = .041 with a positive correlation between the number of active contacts and seizure reduction percentage; r = 0.445, R2 = 0.198, P = .012.

CONCLUSION:
The TPEV trajectory is a safe and effective approach to target the ANT for DBS. Future studies are needed to compare the clinical outcomes and target accuracy with the standard approaches.
Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Fixation Reactions Based on Transition Metal Complexes and Their Systems
Authors: Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this Account, transition metal-catalyzed carboxylation reactions developed in our laboratory are summarized according to the type of reaction. Design of new transition metal catalysts or catalyst systems is the essential part of the study and emphasis is placed on mechanistic aspects of the newly developed reactions, which have attracted our interest in this research.
Explaining the Opinions of Medical Students Regarding Professional Ethics Conflicts Using reflective thinking
Authors: Taramsari Morteza Rahbar , Taheri-Ezbarami Sajedeh , Siboni Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh , Ezbarami Zahra Taheri- 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Graduates of medical fields in the work environment in different care positions will face complex ethical decisions, in which lack of proper preparation reduces their efficiency. Therefore, this study was designed with the aim of explaining the opinions of medical students regarding the conflicts of professional ethics to understand the reasoning and ethical decision-making of medical students.
Methods: This study was of a quantitative content analysis type with a qualitative approach. The sampling method was purposeful and the participants consisted of 4th and 5th-year medical students, during their medical ethics course. Narrative rethinking was used to obtain students' opinions, and their manuscripts, regarding conflicts of professional ethics, were analyzed. In order to analyze written narratives, Summative content analysis (quantitative) and MAXQDA10 software were used.
Results: In the current research, the manuscripts of 60 medical students including 35 female students and 25 male students were analyzed. The participants were taking the medical ethics course for the first time, without any previous training history in this regard. The results obtained from students' opinions regarding medical ethics conflicts included the following in order of frequency: the lack of proper communication between physician and patient, medical malpractice, autonomy and obtaining informed consent, professional behavior, regarding not truth-telling, not providing information, confidentiality, the determination of decision-making capacity, error in medical education, ethical considerations of the beginning and end of life, and conflict about medical error.
Conclusion: The nature of the medical field and the provision of medical services to clients causes medical students to face ethical challenging situations. Nevertheless, the provision of appropriate training by medical ethics instructors leads to the acquisition of sufficient knowledge and skills in students so that they can act ethically in such worrying situations. Recognizing moral conflicts helps students' belief in the re-formation of the hidden curriculum, in the educational environment of the universities.