bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Seismicity Induced by Gas Production—Implications for the Seismic Hazard Assessment
Authors: Baisch S. , Seidemann M. , Vörös R. , Bartels T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical models reproducing the seismic evolution in gas fields can be utilized to study the characteristics of compaction‐induced seismicity during production and thus derive valuable information for the assessment of the seismic hazard. Here, we present a numerical approach for a Rotliegend gas field in Northern Germany (“reference field”), consisting of the simulation of poro‐elastic stresses within a 3D finite element model. Fault stability is controlled by Coulomb friction, whereas the post‐failure process is implemented using a slider‐block model. The model successfully computes seismic sequences, which reproduce the main characteristics of the observed seismicity in the reference field: the location, the temporal seismic evolution, including the retarded onset several years after the beginning of production, the high prevalence of moderate magnitudes, the observed maximum magnitude and cumulative seismic moment release. The numerical simulations reveal that seismicity‐driving stresses are restricted to the vicinity of fault intersections with the top and bottom of the reservoir, respectively. Slip frequently extends beyond the vertical boundaries of the reservoir, although the failure process is generally self‐arrested outside the reservoir boundaries. The magnitude frequency distribution of observed and simulated earthquakes deviates from the log‐linear behavior frequently assumed in seismic hazard assessments. Instead, the earthquake activity is consistent with a “characteristic earthquake” model, where a fault repeatedly hosts earthquakes with a specific maximum magnitude. Our analysis indicates that production‐induced seismicity is primarily controlled by poro‐elastic stress changes rather than by unknown details of subsurface conditions. This allows for a prognosis of future seismicity and associated hazard.
Kaolinite Deposition Dynamics and Streambed Clogging During Bedform Migration Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions
Authors: Shimony T. , Teitelbaum Y. , Cifuentes E. Saavedra , Dallmann J. , Phillips C. B. , Packman A. I. , Arnon S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClogging of streambeds due to clay deposition influences the stream‐subsurface exchange flux and thus directly modulates hyporheic ecological and biogeochemical processes. Clogging of sandy streambeds has previously been studied under losing and gaining flows and during streambed movement, but not when these two flow conditions coincided. We conducted flume experiments to quantify the combined effect of moving bedforms and losing or gaining flows on kaolinite deposition and streambed clogging. The experiments were conducted by adding pulses of kaolinite in a flume packed with sand under a stream water velocity of 25 cm/s. We measured the deposition rates, dynamics of hyporheic exchange flux (HEF) and vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), and the vertical distribution of kaolinite at the end of the experiments under two losing and two gaining flows (Darcy velocity of 10 and 20 cm/day). Kaolinite deposition led to clogging and reduction in Kv and HEF under all flow conditions. Deposition occurred faster under losing flow conditions than under gaining flow conditions. However, the changes in Kv and HEF were similar under losing and gaining flow conditions for similar kaolinite concentrations in the bed. Our results indicate that the deposition patterns of kaolinite were more influenced by bedform movement than by losing or gaining flow conditions, which is markedly different from the behavior observed under losing and gaining conditions for stationary bedforms. This implies that bedform morphodynamics control local‐scale clogging of sandy streambeds and should be accounted for when studying the hydrology of catchments at larger scales.
High Arctic channel incision modulated by climate change and the emergence of polygonal ground
Authors: Chartrand Shawn M. , Jellinek A. Mark , Kukko Antero , Galofre Anna Grau , Osinski Gordon R. , Hibbard Shannon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStream networks in Arctic and high-elevation regions underlain by frozen ground (i.e., permafrost) are expanding and developing in response to accelerating global warming, and intensifying summertime climate variability. The underlying processes governing landscape dissection in these environments are varied, complex and challenging to unravel due to air-temperature-regulated feedbacks and shifts to new erosional regimes as climate change progresses. Here we use multiple sources of environmental information and physical models to reconstruct and understand a 60-year history of landscape-scale channelization and evolution of the Muskox Valley, Axel Heiberg Island. A time series of air photographs indicates that freeze-thaw-related polygon fields can form rapidly, over decadal time scales. Supporting numerical simulations show that the presence of polygons can control how surface runoff is routed through the landscape, exerting a basic control on channelization, which is sensitive to the timing, duration and magnitude of hydrograph events, as well as seasonal air temperature trends. These results collectively highlight that the occurrence and dynamics of polygon fields modulate channel network establishment in permafrost-rich settings undergoing changes related to a warming climate.
Polarisation of decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops
Authors: Zhong Sihui , Nakariakov Valery M. , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y. , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Antolin Patrick , Verbeeck Cis , Berghmans David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDecayless kink oscillations of plasma loops in the solar corona may contain an answer to the enigmatic problem of solar and stellar coronal heating. The polarisation of the oscillations gives us a unique information about their excitation mechanisms and energy supply. However, unambiguous determination of the polarisation has remained elusive. Here, we show simultaneous detection of a 4-min decayless kink oscillation from two non-parallel lines-of-sights, separated by about 104∘, provided by unique combination of the High Resolution Imager on Solar Orbiter and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on Solar Dynamics Observatory. The observations reveal a horizontal or weakly oblique linear polarisation of the oscillation. This conclusion is based on the comparison of observational results with forward modelling of the observational manifestation of various kinds of polarisation of kink oscillations. The revealed polarisation favours the sustainability of these oscillations by quasi-steady flows which may hence supply the energy for coronal heating.
Possible intermediate quantum spin liquid phase in α-RuCl3 under high magnetic fields up to 100 T
Authors: Zhou Xu-Guang , Li Han , Matsuda Yasuhiro H. , Matsuo Akira , Li Wei , Kurita Nobuyuki , Su Gang , Kindo Koichi , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPursuing the exotic quantum spin liquid (QSL) state in the Kitaev material α-RuCl3 has intrigued great research interest recently. A fascinating question is on the possible existence of a field-induced QSL phase in this compound. Here we perform high-field magnetization measurements of α-RuCl3 up to 102 T employing the non-destructive and destructive pulsed magnets. Under the out-of-plane field along the c* axis (i.e., perpendicular to the honeycomb plane), two quantum phase transitions are uncovered at respectively 35 T and about 83 T, between which lies an intermediate phase as the predicted QSL. This is in sharp contrast to the case with in-plane fields, where a single transition is found at around 7 T and the intermediate QSL phase is absent instead. By measuring the magnetization data with fields tilted from the c* axis up to 90° (i.e., in-plane direction), we obtain the field-angle phase diagram that contains the zigzag, paramagnetic, and QSL phases. Based on the K-J-Γ-$${{{\Gamma }}}^{{\prime} }$$

Γ

′

model for α-RuCl3 with a large Kitaev term we perform density matrix renormalization group simulations and reproduce the quantum phase diagram in excellent agreement with experiments.
Digital twin based monitoring and control for DC-DC converters
Authors: Lei Zhongcheng , Zhou Hong , Dai Xiaoran , Hu Wenshan , Liu Guo-Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe monitoring and control of DC-DC converters have become key issues since DC-DC converters are gradually playing increasingly crucial roles in power electronics applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. As an emerging and transforming technology, the digital twin, which is a dynamic virtual replica of a physical system, can potentially provide solutions for the monitoring and control of DC-DC converters. This work discusses the design and implementation of the digital twin DC-DC converter in detail. The key features of the physical and twin systems are outlined, and the control architecture is provided. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed digital twin method, four possible cases that may occur during the practical control scenarios of DC-DC converter applications are discussed. Simulations and experimental verification are conducted, showing that the digital twin can dynamically track the physical DC-DC converter, detect the failure of the physical controller and replace it in real time.
Experimental and theoretical model for the origin of coiling of cellular protrusions around fibers
Authors: Sadhu Raj Kumar , Hernandez-Padilla Christian , Eisenbach Yael Eshed , Penič Samo , Zhang Lixia , Vishwasrao Harshad D. , Behkam Bahareh , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Shroff Hari , Iglič Aleš , Peles Elior , Nain Amrinder S. , Gov Nir S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProtrusions at the leading-edge of a cell play an important role in sensing the extracellular cues during cellular spreading and motility. Recent studies provided indications that these protrusions wrap (coil) around the extracellular fibers. However, the physics of this coiling process, and the mechanisms that drive it, are not well understood. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the coiling of cellular protrusions on fibers of different geometry. Our theoretical model describes membrane protrusions that are produced by curved membrane proteins that recruit the protrusive forces of actin polymerization, and identifies the role of bending and adhesion energies in orienting the leading-edges of the protrusions along the azimuthal (coiling) direction. Our model predicts that the cell’s leading-edge coils on fibers with circular cross-section (above some critical radius), but the coiling ceases for flattened fibers of highly elliptical cross-section. These predictions are verified by 3D visualization and quantitation of coiling on suspended fibers using Dual-View light-sheet microscopy (diSPIM). Overall, we provide a theoretical framework, supported by experiments, which explains the physical origin of the coiling phenomenon.
PacBio next-generation sequencing uncovers Apicomplexa diversity in different habitats
Authors: Gad Mahmoud , Fawzy Mariam E. , Al-Herrawy Ahmad Z. , Abdo Sayeda M. , Nabet Noura , Hu Anyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe phylum Apicomplexa comprises a large group of intracellular protozoan parasites. These microorganisms are known to infect a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, leading to significant medical and veterinary conditions such as toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, theileriosis, and eimeriosis. Despite their importance, comprehensive data on their diversity and distribution, especially in riverine environments, remain scant. To bridge this knowledge gap, we utilized next-generation high-throughput 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing powered by PacBio technology to explore the diversity and composition of the Apicomplexa taxa. Principal component analysis (PCA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) indicated the habitat heterogeneity for the physicochemical parameters and the Apicomplexa community. These results were supported by PERMANOVA (P < 0.001), ANOSIM (P < 0.001), Cluster analysis, and Venn diagram. Dominant genera of Apicomplexa in inlet samples included Gregarina (38.54%), Cryptosporidium (32.29%), and Leidyana (11.90%). In contrast, outlet samples were dominated by Babesia, Cryptosporidium, and Theileria. While surface water samples revealed 16% and 8.33% relative abundance of Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium, respectively. To our knowledge, the next-generation high throughput sequencing covered a wide range of parasites in Egypt for the first time, which could be useful for legislation of the standards for drinking water and wastewater reuse.
Optimal controlling of anti-TGF-$$\beta$$ and anti-PDGF medicines for preventing pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bahram Yazdroudi Fatemeh , Malek Alaeddin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the repair of injury, some transforming growth factor-$$\beta$$
β
s (TGF-$$\beta$$
β
s) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) bind to fibroblast receptors as ligands and cause the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. When the injury repair is repeated, the myofibroblasts proliferate excessively, forming fibrotic tissue. We goal to control myofibroblasts proliferation and apoptosis with anti-transforming growth factor-$$\beta$$
β
(anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
) and anti-platelet-derived growth factor (anti-PDGF) medicines. The novel optimal regulator control problem with two controls (medicines) is proposed to simulate how to the preventing pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) consists of restoring a system of cells, protein, and tissue networks with injury and scar. Myofibroblasts proliferation back to its equilibrium position after it has been disturbed by abnormal repair. Thus, the optimal regulator control problem with a parabolic partial differential equation as a constraint, zero flux boundary, and given specific initial conditions, is considered. The myofibroblast diffusion equation stands as a governing dynamic system while the objective function is the summation of myofibroblast, anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF medicines for the fixed final time. Here, myofibroblast is a nonlinear state of time while anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF are two unknown control functions. In order to solve the corresponding problem a weighted Galerkin method is used. Firstly, we convert the myofibroblast diffusion equation to a system of ordinary differential equations using the Lagrangian interpolation polynomials defined at Gauss-Lobatto integration points. Secondly, by the calculus of variations, the optimal control problem is solved successfully using canonical Hamiltonian and extended Riccati equations. Numerical results are given, and the plots are depicted. Moreover, solutions to the problem in which there is no control are compared. Numerical results show that, over time, the myofibroblast increases and then remains constant when there is no control. In contrast, the current solution decreases and vanishes after 300 days by prescribing controller medicines for anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF. The optimal strategy proposed in this paper helps practitioners to reduce myofibroblasts by controlling both anti-TGF-$$\beta$$
β
and anti-PDGF medicines.
Evaluating the appropriateness of γ-graphyne derivatives as electrode materials for supercapacitors
Authors: Kenarsari Mahsa Abbasi , Vafaee Mohsen , Nasrollahpour Mokhtar , Khoshdel Seyyed Morteza Mousavi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDFT calculations were used to study the quantum capacitance of pure, B/Al/Si/N/P-doped, and defective γ-graphyne. Due to the direct relationship between capacitance and electronic states around the Fermi level, structures' electronic properties were evaluated by DOS plots. The results of integrated specific quantum capacitance in the range of water stability potential show an improvement of capacity in each p and n-type doping. The calculated cohesive energies of doped structures reflect the stability enhancement. Also, the stability/capacitance of single and double vacancies in two distinct positions (sp and sp2) were examined. The results illustrate stability retention and quantum capacitance improvement of these defective structures. Among the doped structures, the maximum quantum capacitance is 2251.10 F/gr belonging to the aluminum doped structure (in the sp position). For the defective structures, the maximum quantum capacitance is 4221.69 F/gr belonging to removing two sp carbon atoms. These quantum capacitances significantly improved compared to the pristine structure (1216.87 F/gr) and many other structures. These stunning results can contribute to the design of appropriate structures as electrode materials for high-efficiency supercapacitors.
Unique patterns of healthcare utilization following the opening of the Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital
Authors: Dror Lavy Noa , Barnea Royi , Rotlevi Erela , Simon-Tuval Tzahit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur aim was to examine the influence of the market entry of Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital on community and hospital-based healthcare utilization (HCU). A retrospective study was conducted among Maccabi Health Services enrollees in the regions of Ashdod (n = 94,575) and Netanya (control group, n = 80,200) before and after this market entry. Based on difference-in-differences framework, we examined the change in HCU of Ashdod region’s enrollees compared to the control group and following the market entry using multivariable generalized estimating equations models. Our results revealed that, as hypothesized, after the market entry and compared to the control group, there was a 4% increase in specialists visits not requiring referral (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.06, p < 0.001), a 4% increase in MRI and CT scans (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, p = 0.022), and a 33% increase in emergency room visits (RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29–1.38, p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, no changes were observed in the number of hospital admissions (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.97–1.14, p = 0.250), and hospitalization days (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.04, p = 0.668). Moreover, and unexpectedly, there was a 1% decrease in primary care physician visits (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00, p = 0.002), a 11% decrease in specialists visits requiring a referral (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.86–0.91, p < 0.001), and a 42% decrease in elective surgeries (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.55–0.60, p < 0.001). We conclude that this market entry was not translated to an increase in utilization of all services. The unique model of maintaining the continuity of care that was adopted by the hospital and patients’ loyalty may led to the unique inter-relationship between the hospital and community care.
A novel method to quantify perivascular space enlargement near the syrinx in a rodent model of post-traumatic syringomyelia
Authors: Johnson Liam , Bartlett-Tomasetig Florence , Fok Sandra , Whan Renee , Berliner Joel , Hemley Sarah J. , Stoodley Marcus A. , Bilston Lynne E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPosttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) is an enigmatic condition characterized by the development of fluid-filled cysts (syrinxes) within the spinal cord. Perivascular spaces (PVS) are a critical component of fluid transport within the central nervous system (CNS), with dilated PVSs variably implicated in the pathogenesis of syringomyelia. The extent and spatial distribution of dilated PVSs in syringomyelia, however, remains unclear. This study aims to develop a method to assess PVS dimensions across multiple spinal cord segments in rats with PTS. Syrinxes were induced in two Sprague–Dawley rats at C6/7 with computer-controlled motorized spinal cord impaction; two control rats underwent sham laminectomies. Spinal cord segments were obtained at C4, C6 and C8, cleared via tissue clearing protocols, stained with immunofluorescent antibodies and imaged under confocal microscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of PVS size were performed. Arteriolar PVSs were enlarged in the perisyringeal region of the spinal cord, compared to the control cord. No PVS enlargement was observed above or below the syrinx. These results confirm previous incidental findings of enlarged PVSs in the perisyringeal region, providing new insights into PVS dimensions across multiple spinal segments, and providing a novel method for quantifying spinal cord perivascular space size distributions.
TLOF final approach methodology proposal utilizing dual landing pads
Authors: Lei Yu , Qin Rui , Li Quan , Chen Daliang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVertiports in economically developed areas present the operation mode of multiple Touchdown and Liftoff Area (TLOF) pads, and the intersection and overlap of the final approach airspace between two adjacent TOLF pads in the vertiports is the basic problem confronted by multiple TLOF pads. The objective of this study is to design the final approach airspace structure of dual landing pads, so as to provide reference for the future design of the airspace structure of multiple landing pads. In this paper, the design scheme of the final approach airspace of dual TLOF pads is proposed, and it includes three different kinds of airspace structure with different proximity of dual TLOF pads and the final approach path design for each kind based on the multi‐branch approach strategy. Considering the constraints of the multi‐branch approach strategy and safe operation, the airspace design model is constructed to minimize the airspace volume and to develop algorithms that can realize the airspace design with different capacities and different proximity of dual TLOF pads. The results reveal the changing trend of airspace volume under different design capacities and different proximity of dual TLOF pads. It provides reference for the site selection of vertiports with dual TLOF pads, and lays a foundation for the design of the final approach airspace for vertiport with multiple TLOF pads.
Waveform design for resonance signature of fighter‐class target
Authors: Alhajri Abdullah , Aldhubaib Faisal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe authors investigate the feasibility of forming a composite Gaussian waveform in the high‐frequency region for jetfighter class targets with a high potential to combat the noise effect and the late‐time signature onset ambiguity when estimating the target resonance signature. The excitation waveform comprises a composite of modulated carriers with fractional bandwidth and amplitude adapted to lower specular content while enhancing the radar target resonance content in the radar return, subsequently increasing the likelihood of extracting the resonance parameters more accurately. The validation of improvement in the resonance signature requires finding the error between the excitation frequencies and the extractable resonant frequencies in the return echo and, second, the similarity or resemblance between the original echo waveform and the reconstructed waveform by the estimated resonance set. The results presented the robustness rate in instantaneous, average, and overall fashion. In conclusion, a fractional bandwidth between 0.3 and 0.4 would significantly improve the signature overall robustness with a circular then slant scattering polarisation set outperforming the horizontal and vertical directions. Also, excluding the signal's high and low energy portions further enhance the accuracy of the estimated resonance mode set.
Sufficient conditions for graphs to have strong parity factors
Authors: Zhou Sizhong , Zhang Yuli 
Published: September 2023

A graph G has a strong parity factor F if for every subset X ⊆ V (G) with |X| even, G contains a spanning subgraph F such that δ(F) ≥ 1, dF (u) ≡ 1 (mod 2) for any u ∈ X, and dF(v) ≡ 0 (mod 2) for any v ∈ V(G) \ X. In this article, we first provide a size condition for a graph having a strong parity factor. Then we put forward a toughness condition to guarantee that a graph has a strong parity factor.