bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Enrollment into Inpatient Coronavirus Disease 2019 Randomized Controlled Trials: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Kaczynski Matthew , Benitez Gregorio , Mylona Evangelia K , Tran Quynh-Lam , Atalla Eleftheria , Tsikala-Vafea Maria , Kalagara Saisanjana , Shehadeh Fadi , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have struggled to achieve diverse patient enrollment, despite underrepresented groups bearing the largest burden of the disease and, presumably, being most in need of the treatments under investigation.

Methods
To assess the willingness of patients to enroll into inpatient COVID-19 clinical trials when invited, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 who were approached regarding enrollment. Associations between patient and temporal factors and enrollment were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 926 patients were included in this analysis. Overall, Hispanic/Latinx ethnicity was associated with a nearly half-fold decrease in the likelihood to enroll (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .41–.88]). Greater baseline disease severity (aOR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02–1.17]), age 40–64 years (aOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.03–3.25]), and age ≥65 years (aOR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.08–3.42]) were each independently associated with higher likelihood to enroll. Over the course of the pandemic, patients were less likely to enroll during the summer 2021 wave in COVID-19–related hospitalizations (aOR, 0.14 [95% CI, .10–.19]) compared with patients from the first wave in winter 2020.

Conclusions
The decision to enroll into clinical trials is multifactorial. Amid a pandemic disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups, Hispanic/Latinx patients were less likely to participate when invited, whereas older adults were more likely. Future recruitment strategies must consider the nuanced perceptions and needs of diverse patient populations to ensure equitable trial participation that advances the quality of healthcare for all.
Petition and response as social process: Royal power, justice and the people in late medieval Castile (
c
.1474–1504)
Authors: Israeli Yanay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article analyses the petition and response process in late medieval Castile, focusing on petitions of grievance submitted to the Royal Council during the reign of Isabel I and Fernando II (r.1474–1504). Studies published in recent decades have revised our understanding of petitionary practices and their significance to systems of governance in medieval and early modern Europe. One persistent gap in this scholarship, however, concerns the ‘aftermath’ of petitioning — that is, the occurrences that followed the grant of petitions and the issuance of royal decrees in response. Drawing on the rich documentation that has survived from late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Castile, this article highlights the importance of studying the local spaces of interactions where beneficiaries of royal decrees tried to bring them into effect through acts of claims-making. The evidence from Castile is mobilized to illuminate the forms of negotiation and contestation that informed the presentations of ‘letters of justice’ issued by the Royal Council, the mechanisms used by the royal authority to enforce its commands, and the ways that factors such as speed, publicity and violence shaped the meanings petitioning assumed in different contexts of dispute. The analysis of petitioning bears implications for understanding royal power in the Castilian monarchy, drawing attention to a pattern of intensifying communications between the central royal government and non-elites. As they petitioned the Royal Council, thousands of Castilians sought empowerment in local disputes. At the same time, mass participation in the petitioning process played a major role in legitimizing royal power and furthering its embeddedness in the localities.
Point mutations in the catalytic domain disrupt cellulose synthase (CESA6) vesicle trafficking and protein dynamics
Authors: Huang Lei , Zhang Weiwei , Li Xiaohui , Staiger Christopher J , Zhang Chunhua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cellulose, the main component of the plant cell wall, is synthesized by the multimeric cellulose synthase (CESA) complex (CSC). In plant cells, CSCs are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi and transported through the endomembrane system to the plasma membrane (PM). However, how CESA catalytic activity or conserved motifs around the catalytic core influence vesicle trafficking or protein dynamics is not well understood. Here, we used yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged AtCESA6 and created 18 mutants in key motifs of the catalytic domain to analyze how they affected seedling growth, cellulose biosynthesis, complex formation, and CSC dynamics and trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. Seedling growth and cellulose content were reduced by nearly all mutations. Moreover, mutations in most conserved motifs slowed CSC movement in the PM as well as delivery of CSCs to the PM. Interestingly, mutations in the DDG and QXXRW motifs affected YFP-CESA6 abundance in the Golgi. These mutations also perturbed post-Golgi trafficking of CSCs. The 18 mutations were divided into 2 groups based on their phenotypes; we propose that Group I mutations cause CSC trafficking defects, whereas Group II mutations, especially in the QXXRW motif, affect protein folding and/or CSC rosette formation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the CESA6 catalytic domain is essential for cellulose biosynthesis as well as CSC formation, protein folding and dynamics, and vesicle trafficking.
Indirect Costs of Financial Distress
Authors: Custódio Cláudia , Ferreira Miguel A , Garcia-Appendini Emilia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We estimate the indirect costs of financial distress due to lost sales by exploiting real estate (RE) shocks and cross-supplier variation in RE assets and leverage. We show that for the same client buying from different suppliers, the client’s purchases from distressed suppliers decline by an additional 13% following a drop in local RE prices. The effect is more pronounced in more competitive industries, manufacturing, durable goods, less-specific goods, and when the costs of switching suppliers are low. Our results suggest that clients reduce their exposure to suppliers in financial distress.
COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease: a 2-year study of incidence and mortality in relation to the variants of concern waves in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Nathalie Bonatti Franco , Filgueiras Priscilla Soares , Lourenço Adelina Junia , Bicalho Cecilia Maria Florencio , Corsini Camila Amormino , de Miranda Daniel Alvim Pena , Gomes Sarah Vieira Contin , Vilela Raquel V R , Grenfell Rafaella Fortini Queiroz 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In Brazil, the disease is the 10th highest cause of death. We evaluated the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 in CDK and non-CDK patients.

Methods
Positive patients for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from 2020 to 2022 were classified according to the severity of COVID-19 and the numbers of cases and deaths were correlated to each wave of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Brazil.

Results
We compared all variables, and our data show that CDK significantly increased the mortality rate among patients, especially before COVID-19 vaccination, in comparison with non-CKD patients.

Conclusions
CKD patients had a significantly increased mortality rate compared with non-CKD.
A 14-year follow-up of ultrasound-detected urinary tract pathology associated with urogenital schistosomiasis in women living in the Msambweni region of coastal Kenya
Authors: Joekes Elizabeth , McMonnies Kate , Blanshard Andrew , Mutuku Francis M , Ireri Edmund , Mungai Peter , Stothard J Russell , Bustinduy Amaya L , King Charles H 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Complications of urogenital schistosomiasis include acute inflammatory and chronic fibrotic changes within the urogenital tract. Disease burden of this neglected tropical disease is often underestimated, as only active, urine egg-patent Schistosoma infection is formally considered. Previous studies have focussed on short-term effects of praziquantel treatment on urinary tract pathology, demonstrating that acute inflammation is reversible. However, the reversibility of chronic changes is less well studied.

Methods
Our study compared, at two time points 14 y apart, urine egg-patent infection and urinary tract pathology in a cohort of women living in a highly endemic area having intermittent praziquantel treatment(s). In 2014 we matched 93 women to their findings in a previous study in 2000.

Results
Between 2000 and 2014 the rate of egg-patent infection decreased from 34% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25 to 44) to 9% (95% CI 3 to 14). However, urinary tract pathology increased from 15% (95% CI 8 to 22) to 19% (95% CI 11 to 27), with the greatest increase seen in bladder thickening and shape abnormality.

Conclusions
Despite praziquantel treatment, fibrosis from chronic schistosomiasis outlasts the presence of active infection, continuing to cause lasting morbidity. We suggest that future efforts to eliminate persistent morbidity attributable to schistosomiasis should include intensified disease management.
Ferroptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells contributes to hypoxia‐induced blood–brain barrier injury
Authors: Liu Qiuling , Song Tujing , Chen Bing , Zhang Jingjing , Li Wen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHypoxia is pivotal to the pathogeneses of myriad disorders, especially hypoxic cerebropathy. Much is known about the damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in response to hypoxia. Studies have shown that endothelial cell death is closely linked to functional impairment of BBB. Mounting evidences have demonstrated that ferroptosis, a new pathway regulating cell death, is implicated in brain injury. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in hypoxia‐induced BBB disruption remains ambiguous. Here, we utilized in vivo zebrafish and in vitro bEnd.3 cells to explore the correlation between endothelial ferroptosis and hypoxia‐induced BBB damage. We found that hypoxic treatment for 45 min can induce BBB disruption by triggering down‐regulation of claudin‐5 (CLDN5) both in zebrafish cerebrovascluar endothelial cells and bEnd.3 cells. Besides, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed the cysteine/glutamate antiporter xCT (also known as solute carrier family 7 member 11; SLC7A11) decrease, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione (GSH) reduction, 4‐Hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) increasement, malondialdehyde (MDA) upregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in hypoxia group. Further mechanism studies indicated that hypoxia‐induced BBB damage might associate with microvascular endothelial cellular ferroptosis, since hypoxic exposure significantly activated the expression of ferroptosis‐related genes (Ptgs2, Por, Lpcat3, Alox5, Alox12, Nfe2l2, and Ncoa4) and inhibited the expression of Slc7a11. Additionally, the application of 20 μM ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), a ferroptosis inhibitor, could partially alleviate BBB disruption under hypoxia, suggesting that inhibition of ferroptosis might be a potential strategy for some neurological diseases with BBB defect.
Diagnosing and managing adrenal incidentalomas
Authors: Herndon Justine , Bancos Irina 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Adrenal incidentalomas are commonly encountered because of the widespread use of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging. Adrenal incidentalomas may be benign or malignant, and also may demonstrate hormonal hypersecretion, so all patients with adrenal masses should undergo further assessment. Clinicians should have a basic understanding of adrenal incidentalomas, their workup, and when follow-up and referral are warranted.
Rapidly Rising Diabetes and Increasing Body Weight: A Counterfactual Analysis in Repeated Cross-sectional Nationally Representative Data from Bangladesh
Authors: Wetzel Sarah , Sarker Malabika , Hasan Mehedi , Talukder Animesh , Sudharsanan Nikkil , Geldsetzer Pascal 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Diabetes is a growing concern in South Asia but few nationally representative studies identify factors behind this rising disease burden. We studied the nationwide change in diabetes prevalence in Bangladesh, subpopulations disproportionately affected, and the contribution of rising unhealthy weight to the change in diabetes prevalence.

Methods:
Based on a sample of 13,959 adults aged 35 years and older with biomarker measurements from the 2011 and 2017/2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, we estimated how the prevalence of diabetes changed nationally and across socioeconomic/geographic groups. Using counterfactual decomposition, we assessed how much the prevalence of diabetes would have grown if body mass index (BMI) had not changed between 2011 and 2017.

Results:
Diabetes prevalence increased from 12.1% (11.1, 13.1) to 14.4% (13.3, 15.5) between 2011 and 2017/2018. Diabetes grew disproportionately quickly among population groups with higher household wealth, and more education, and in three regions. Over this same period, mean BMI increased from 20.9 (20.8, 21.1) to 22.5 kg/m2 (22.4, 22.7) and overweight from 25.8 (24.4, 27.3) to 42.1% (40.4, 43.7). Under the counterfactual scenario of constant BMI, diabetes would have risen by only 1.0 (−0.4, 2.4) instead of 2.3 percentage points (0.8, 3.7) nationally, corresponding to a contribution of 58% (−106.3, 221.7). Similarly, group-specific trends were largely attributable to increasing BMI.

Conclusions:
Diabetes prevalence in Bangladesh has increased rapidly between 2011 and 2017/2018. Decomposition analysis estimates have wide confidence intervals but are consistent with the hypothesis that this change was driven by the dramatic rise in body weights.
Clinical Characteristics and Chinese Medicine Therapy of Chronic Kidney Disease Combined with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Du Yating , Xuan Mingyang , Guo Chuan , Rao Xiangrong 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health concern worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in CKD patients. CKD combined with CVD (CKD-CVD) is a common disease with a poor prognosis. Modern medicine for the treatment of CKD-CVD currently focuses on controlling the traditional risk factors of CVD. However, its efficacy is lower than expected, and revascularization shows no notable benefit to patients. The reason for this unsatisfactory clinical outcome is that CKD-CVD has a specific pathophysiological mechanism and atypical clinical presentation. Due to the inadequacy of the therapeutic effects of modern medicine, Chinese medicine (CM) is recommended to delay disease progression. CM is widely used to treat CKD. Furthermore, some theoretical and clinical explorations on the CM treatments of CKD-CVD have been undertaken in recent years. However, clinical trials on the long-term effects of CM on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD is lacking, especially studies on combined cardiac and renal endpoints. This article summarises the clinical characteristics and main treatments of CKD-CVD. Besides, based on CM theory, it is proposed that a deficiency of the spleen and kidney Qi, water dampness, dampness turbidity, and blood stasis contribute to the pathogenesis of CKD-CVD, treatment should focus on tonifying the spleen and kidney Qi, supplemented by smoothing the triple energizer, detoxification, and activation of blood circulation. In order to provide some reference for the combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine for CKD-CVD.
The comparison of efficacy and safety evaluation of vacuum-assisted Elite 10-G system and the traditional BARD 14-G core needle in breast diagnosis: an open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Junjie , Mo Miao , Shen Juping , Ren Hui , Li Shiping , Liu Guangyu , Shao Zhimin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) are both widely used methods in diagnosing breast lesions. We aimed to determine whether the Elite 10-gauge VAB achieves higher accuracy than the BARD spring-actuated 14-gauge CNB.

Materials and methods:
This was a phase 3, open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial (NCT04612439). In total, 1470 patients with ultrasound (US)-visible breast lesions requiring breast biopsy were enrolled from April to July 2021 and randomized at a 1 : 1 ratio to undergo VAB or CNB. All patients underwent surgical excision after needle biopsy. The primary outcome was accuracy, defined as the proportion of patients who had a consistent qualitative diagnosis between the biopsy and surgical pathology results. The underestimation rate, false-negative rate and safety evaluations were the secondary endpoints.

Results:
A total of 730 and 732 patients were evaluable for endpoints in the VAB and CNB groups, respectively. The accuracy of VAB surpassed that of CNB in the whole population (94.8 vs. 91.1%, P=0.009). The overall malignant underestimation rate was significantly lower in the VAB group than in the CNB group (21.4 vs. 30.9%, P=0.035). Additionally, significantly more false-negative events were noted in the CNB group (4.9 vs. 7.8%, P=0.037). In patients who presented with accompanying calcification, the accuracy of VAB surpassed that of CNB (93.2 vs. 88.3%, P=0.022). The potential superiority of VAB was indicated in patients with heterogeneous echo on US.

Conclusions:
In general, the 10-G VAB procedure is a reasonable alternative to the 14-G CNB procedure with higher accuracy. We recommend the use of VAB for lesions with accompanying calcification or heterogeneous echo on US.
The AFLETES Study: Atrial Fibrillation in Veteran Athletes and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Pallikadavath Susil , Richards Caryl , Bountziouka Vasiliki , Sandilands Alastair J. , Graham-Brown Matthew P. M. , Robinson Thompson , Singh Anvesha , McCann Gerry P. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Endurance athletes are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) when compared with the general population. However, the risk of stroke in athletes with AF is unknown.

Design and Setting:
We aimed to assess this risk using an international online survey.

Patients:
Individuals that had competed in ≥1 competitive events and were ≥40 years old were included.

Interventions:
Self-reported demographic, medical history, and training history data were collected, and a CHA2DS2-VASc was calculated.

Main Outcome Measures:
Binary logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with AF and stroke.

Results:
There were 1002 responses from participants in 41 countries across Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, and North and South America, and 942 were included in the final analysis. The average age was 52.4 ± 8.5 years, and 84% were male. The most common sports were cycling (n = 677, 72%), running (n = 558, 59%), and triathlon (n = 245, 26%). There were 190 (20%) individuals who reported AF and 26 individuals (3%) who reported stroke; of which, 14 (54%) had AF. Lifetime exercise dose [odds ratio (OR), 1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI),1.00-1.03, P = 0.02] and swimming (OR, 1.56, 95% CI, 1.02-2.39, P = 0.04) were associated with AF in multivariable analysis, independent of other risk factors. Atrial fibrillation was associated with stroke (OR, 4.18, 95% CI, 1.80-9.72, P < 0.01), even in individuals with a low (0/1) CHA2DS2-VASc score (OR, 4.20, 95% CI, 1.83-9.66, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
This survey provides early evidence that veteran endurance athletes who develop AF may be at an increased risk of developing stroke, even in those deemed to be at low risk by CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Audio Care for Managing Diabetes: A Rapid Review
Authors: Reddy Shivani M. , Kugley Shannon , Booth Graham , Dalton Jennie , Rodriguez Borja Ivette , Coker-Schwimmer Manny , Patel Sheila V. , Bonds Denise , Prum Soknorntha , Fujita Miku , Philbrick Sarah , Ruwala Richa , Albritton Jordan A. , Crotty Karen 
Published: April 2023

<p> </p>
<p>We compared the effectiveness of audio care, as a replacement or a supplement to usual care, for managing diabetes.</p>
CLOCK evolved in cnidaria to synchronize internal rhythms with diel environmental cues
Authors: Aguillon Raphael , Rinsky Mieka , Simon-Blecher Noa , Doniger Tirza , Appelbaum Lior , Levy Oren 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe circadian clock enables anticipation of the day/night cycle in animals ranging from cnidarians to mammals. Circadian rhythms are generated through a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL or pacemaker) with CLOCK as a conserved positive factor in animals. However, CLOCK’s functional evolutionary origin and mechanism of action in basal animals are unknown. In the cnidarianNematostella vectensis, pacemaker gene transcript levels, includingNvClk(theClockortholog), appear arrhythmic under constant darkness, questioning the role of NvCLK. Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9, we generated aNvClkallele mutant (NvClkΔ), revealing circadian behavior loss in constant light conditions (LL and DD) while a 24-hour rhythm was maintained under light-dark condition (LD). Transcriptomics showed distinct rhythmic genes in wild-type (WT) genes in LD compared to DD. The LDNvClkΔ/Δshowed comparable numbers of rhythmic genes, but were greatly reduced in DD. Furthermore, the LDNvClkΔ/Δshowed alterations in temporal pacemaker gene expression, affecting their potential interactions. Additionally, differential expression of non-rhythmic genes associated with cell division and neuronal differentiation was observed. These findings revealed that a light-responsive pathway can partially compensate for circadian clock disruption and that theClockgene has evolved in cnidarians to synchronize rhythmic physiology and behavior to the diel rhythm of the earth’s biosphere.
Quantification of amyloid protein enrichment by mass spectrometry improves amyloidosis typing
Authors: Di Tommaso Sylvaine , Chauveau Bertrand , Dourthe Cyril , Dupuy Jean-William , Saltel Frédéric , Le Bail Brigitte , Raymond Anne-Aurélie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAmyloidosis typing is crucial to determine the best therapeutic strategy for patients. Since conventional histological techniques often fail, the identification of amyloid precursors by mass spectrometry became the new standard. However, without quantification, selecting the amyloid precursor from proteins that may be ubiquitous under non-pathological conditions may be equivocal. Therefore, we quantified protein enrichment in amyloid deposits to improve typing.MethodsProtein enrichment was measured by extracted ion chromatogram based label free quantification by comparing a microdissected amyloid area with a non-amyloid area. We assessed the discrimination ability of candidate precursors with this approach compared to the two practiced identification methods.ResultsAs proof of concept, we selected seven cases, 5 typical of the most common amyloidosis subtypes and typed by immunostainings, 2 inconclusive after immunohistochemistry. Proteins associated with amyloid deposits were identified in all samples confirming the pathology. When the routine clinical mass spectrometric identification techniques allowed unambiguous conclusions for 2/3 of 7 cases, quantification of the enrichment ratio in the amyloid deposit allowed unambiguous precursor selection in all cases.ConclusionQuantification of precursor enrichment in amyloid deposits is a promising optimization for amyloidosis typing. Incorporated into routine clinical processes, it will improve patient care in difficult diagnostic situations.