bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the herbicide glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and glyphosate‐based formulations for genotoxic activity using in vitro assays
Authors: Smith‐Roe Stephanie L. , Swartz Carol D. , Rashid Asma , Christy Nicholas C. , Sly Jamie E. , Chang Xiaoqing , Sipes Nisha S. , Shockley Keith R. , Harris Shawn F. , McBride Sandra J. , Larson Gary J. , Collins Bradley J. , Mutlu Esra , Witt Kristine L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlyphosate, the most heavily used herbicide world‐wide, is applied to plants in complex formulations that promote absorption. The National Toxicology Program reported in 1992 that glyphosate, administered to rats and mice at doses up to 50,000 ppm in feed for 13 weeks, showed little evidence of toxicity, and no induction of micronuclei was observed in the mice in this study. Subsequently, mechanistic studies of glyphosate and glyphosate‐based formulations (GBFs) that have focused on DNA damage and oxidative stress suggest that glyphosate may have genotoxic potential. However, few of these studies directly compared glyphosate to GBFs, or effects among GBFs. To address these data gaps, we tested glyphosate, glyphosate isopropylamine (IPA), and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA, a microbial metabolite of glyphosate), 9 high‐use agricultural GBFs, 4 residential‐use GBFs, and additional herbicides (metolachlor, mesotrione, and diquat dibromide) present in some of the GBFs in bacterial mutagenicity tests, and in human TK6 cells using a micronucleus assay and a multiplexed DNA damage assay. Our results showed no genotoxicity or notable cytotoxicity for glyphosate or AMPA at concentrations up to 10 mM, while all GBFs and herbicides other than glyphosate were cytotoxic, and some showed genotoxic activity. An in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of results for glyphosate suggests that it is of low toxicological concern for humans. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a lack of genotoxicity for glyphosate, consistent with observations in the NTP in vivo study, and suggest that toxicity associated with GBFs may be related to other components of these formulations.
A recent paradigm on iron absorption, prevalence, and emerging dietary approaches to eradicate iron deficiency
Authors: Malhotra Umang , Roy Mrinmoy , Sontakke Manmath , Choudhary Pintu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIron is an essential micronutrient required for growth and development during all stages of human life with the most important function of oxygen transportation via hemoglobin. With the prevalence of the triple burden of malnutrition in the world, there is an increase in iron deficiency anemia affecting a lot of people, especially the adolescent population of girls. The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia is confirmed by low iron stores and decreased hemoglobin levels. It is prevalent in both urban and rural regions; however, gender differences exist which start from the age of 15 years, as females are more prone to develop iron deficiency. On comparing the 4th and 5th surveys conducted by the National Family Health Survey, India, it can be observed that the prevalence of anemia has increased which is a major cause of concern. One of the major reasons that people suffer from this deficiency would be vegetarianism. Plant sources contain iron but they are present in the ferric state which needs to be converted to the ferrous state. The bioavailability of plant sources is low therefore, this condition can be tackled by adopting steps like dietary diversification, biofortification, fortification, and supplementation.
Nonlinear vibration phenomena in hydrodynamically supported rotor systems
Authors: Nitzschke Steffen , Woschke Elmar , Strackeljan Cornelius 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is a well‐known fact, that hydrodynamically supported systems are prone to nonlinear vibrations. Their exact simulative prediction with respect to frequency and amplitude is complicated by the fact that different system properties interact. The paper at hand outlines an approach that takes all relevant influences like rigid body motions, elastic deformations, nonlinear relation between fluid film pressure and bearing kinematics as well as temperature increase due to power loss or adjacent heat sources into account as detailed as necessary. Both journal and thrust bearings are considered as they contribute to the system's stiffness and damping capabilities. The approach is applied to self‐excited pad vibrations of tilting pad thrust bearings as well as the run‐up simulation of a turbocharger rotor under different axial loads. Both models are validated against measurements.
Using graph theory as a common language to combine neural structure and function in models of healthy cognitive performance
Authors: Litwińczuk Marta Czime , Muhlert Nils , Trujillo‐Barreto Nelson , Woollams Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraph theory has been used in cognitive neuroscience to understand how organisational properties of structural and functional brain networks relate to cognitive function. Graph theory may bridge the gap in integration of structural and functional connectivity by introducing common measures of network characteristics. However, the explanatory and predictive value of combined structural and functional graph theory have not been investigated in modelling of cognitive performance of healthy adults. In this work, a Principal Component Regression approach with embedded Step‐Wise Regression was used to fit multiple regression models of Executive Function, Self‐regulation, Language, Encoding and Sequence Processing with a collection of 20 different graph theoretic measures of structural and functional network organisation used as regressors. The predictive ability of graph theory‐based models was compared to that of connectivity‐based models. The present work shows that using combinations of graph theory metrics to predict cognition in healthy populations does not produce a consistent benefit relative to making predictions based on structural and functional connectivity values directly.
Utility of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio in predicting prognosis of patients with oral cancer: A prospective cohort study in Southeastern China
Authors: Wang Na , Lin Yulan , Chen Fa , Liu Fengqiong , Wang Jing , Gao Bingju , Qiu Yu , Lin Lisong , Shi Bin , He Baochang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the prognostic role of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase to lymphocyte count ratio (GLR) and develop a prognostic nomogram for patients with oral cancer.MethodsA prospective cohort (n = 1011) was conducted during July 2002 to March 2021 in Southeastern China.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 3.5 years. Multivariate Cox regression (OS: HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.18) and Fine–Gray model (DSS: HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.49) both showed that high GLR could act as an indicator of poor prognosis. A nonlinear dose–response relationship was observed between continuous GLR and the risk of all‐cause mortality (p for overall = 0.028, p for nonlinear = 0.048). Compare with TNM stage, time‐dependent ROC curve proved that GLR‐based nomogram model performs better in predicting prognosis (the area under curve for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐years mortality: 0.63, 0.65, and 0.64 vs. 0.76, 0.77, and 0.78, p < 0.001).ConclusionGLR might be a useful tool in predicting prognosis for patients with oral cancer.
Temperature influence on NiFeMo nanoparticles magnetic properties and their viability in biomedical applications
Authors: Muchenski Fabio , Gonçalves Jenifer Pendiuk , Ribeiro Yasmin Carla , Franco Célia Regina Cavichiolo , de Oliveira Carolina Camargo , Marcon Bruna Hilzendeger , Robert Anny , de Medeiros Lia Carolina Soares , de Oliveira Ronei Cardoso , de Oliveira Adilson Jesus Aparecido , Mattoso Ney 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNiFeMo alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by co‐precipitation in the presence of organic additives. Nanoparticles thermal evolution shows that there is a significant increase in the average size (from 28 to 60 nm), consolidating a crystalline structure of the same type as the Ni3Fe phase but with lattice parameter a = 0.362 nm. Measurements of magnetic properties follow this morphological and structural evolution increasing saturation magnetization (Ms) by 578% and reducing remanence magnetization (Mr) by 29%. Cell viability assays on as‐synthesized revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) are not cytotoxic up to a concentration of 0.4 μg/mL for both non‐tumorigenic (fibroblasts and macrophages) and tumor cells (melanoma).
Development and validation of a cancer cachexia risk score for digestive tract cancer patients before abdominal surgery
Authors: Tan Shanjun , Xu Jiahao , Wang Junjie , Zhang Zhige , Li Shuhao , Yan Mingyue , Tang Min , Liu Hao , Zhuang Qiulin , Xi Qiulei , Meng Qinyang , Jiang Yi , Wu Guohao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is prevalent in digestive tract cancer patients and has significant impacts on prognosis; it is vital to identify individuals who are at risk of cancer cachexia to allow for appropriate evaluation and treatment. This study evaluated whether digestive tract cancer patients with a risk of cancer cachexia and who had a risk of adverse survival could be identified before abdominal surgery.MethodsThis large‐scale cohort study involved patients who underwent abdominal surgery between January 2015 and December 2020 to treat digestive tract cancer. Participants were allocated to the development cohort, the validation cohort, or the application cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the development cohort were performed to detect distinct risk variables for cancer cachexia to create a cancer cachexia risk score. The performance of the risk score across all the three cohorts was assessed through calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), as well as calibration and decision curves. We tested how well the score predicted survival outcomes in the application cohort.ResultsA total of 16 264 patients (median 64 years of age; 65.9% male) were included, with 8743 in the development cohort, 5828 in the validation cohort, and 1693 in the application cohort. Seven variables were identified as independent predictive factors and were included in the cancer cachexia risk score: cancer site, cancer stage, time from symptom onset to hospitalization, appetite loss, body mass index, skeletal muscle index, and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio. The risk score predicting cancer cachexia owns a good discrimination, with the mean AUC of 0.760 (P < 0.001) in the development cohort, 0.743 (P < 0.001) in the validation cohort, and 0.751 (P < 0.001) in the application cohort, respectively, and had an excellent calibration (all P > 0.05). The decision curve analysis revealed net benefits of the risk score across a range of risk thresholds in the three cohorts. In the application cohort, compared with the high‐risk group, the low‐risk group experienced significantly longer overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 2.887, P < 0.001] as well as relapse‐free survival (HR 1.482, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe cancer cachexia risk score constructed and validated demonstrated good performance in identifying those digestive tract cancer patients before abdominal surgery at a higher risk of cancer cachexia and unfavourable survival. This risk score can help clinicians to enhance their capabilities to screen for cancer cachexia, assess patient prognosis, and strengthen early decision‐making on targeted approaches to attune cancer cachexia for digestive tract cancer patients before abdominal surgery.
Metastatic prostate cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteoclastogenesis by transferring the CDCP1 protein
Authors: Urabe Fumihiko , Kosaka Nobuyoshi , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ito Kagenori , Otsuka Kurataka , Soekmadji Carolina , Egawa Shin , Kimura Takahiro , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone metastases are still incurable and result in the development of clinical complications and decreased survival for prostate cancer patients. Recently, a number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumour progression. Here, we show that EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast formation in the presence of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL). EV characterization followed by functional siRNA screening identified CUB‐domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein, as an inducer of osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, CDCP1 expression on plasma‐derived EVs was upregulated in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients. Our findings elucidate the effect of EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells on osteoclast formation, which is promoted by CDCP1 located on EVs. Furthermore, our data suggested that CDCP1 expression on EVs might be useful to detect bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
Modelling the impact of CD4 testing on mortality from TB and cryptococcal meningitis among patients with advanced HIV disease in nine countries
Authors: Oboho Ikwo Kitefre , Paulin Heather , Corcoran Carl , Hamilton Matt , Jordan Alex , Kirking Hannah L. , Agyemang Elfriede , Podewils Laura Jean , Pretorius Carel , Greene Greg , Chiller Tom , Desai Mitesh , Bhatkoti Roma , Shiraishi Ray W. , Shah N. Sarita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale‐up among people living with HIV (PLHIV), those with advanced HIV disease (AHD) (defined in adults as CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or clinical stage 3 or 4), remain at high risk of death from opportunistic infections. The shift from routine baseline CD4 testing towards viral load testing in conjunction with “Test and Treat” has limited AHD identification.MethodsWe used official estimates and existing epidemiological data to project deaths from tuberculosis (TB) and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among PLHIV‐initiating ART with CD4 <200 cells/mm3, in the absence of select World Health Organization recommended diagnostic or therapeutic protocols for patients with AHD. We modelled the reduction in deaths, based on the performance of screening/diagnostic testing and the coverage and efficacy of treatment/preventive therapies for TB and CM. We compared projected TB and CM deaths in the first year of ART from 2019 to 2024, with and without CD4 testing. The analysis was performed for nine countries: South Africa, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of Congo.ResultsThe effect of CD4 testing comes through increased identification of AHD and consequent eligibility for protocols for AHD prevention, diagnosis and management; algorithms for CD4 testing avert between 31% and 38% of deaths from TB and CM in the first year of ART. The number of CD4 tests required per death averted varies widely by country from approximately 101 for South Africa to 917 for Kenya.ConclusionsThis analysis supports retaining baseline CD4 testing to avert deaths from TB and CM, the two most deadly opportunistic infections among patients with AHD. However, national programmes will need to weigh the cost of increasing CD4 access against other HIV‐related priorities and allocate resources accordingly.
Validation of a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐monomethylacetamide in pediatric plasma
Authors: Rosser Sebastian P. A. , McLachlan Andrew J. , Hempel Georg , Chung Jason , Shaw Peter J. , Keogh Steven J. , Nath Christa E. 
Published: March 2023

N,N–dimethylacetamide is an excipient used in intravenous busulfan formulations, a drug used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conditioning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of N,N‐dimethylacetamide, and its metabolite N‐monomethylacetamide in plasma from children receiving busulfan. A 4 μl aliquot of patient plasma was extracted using 196 μl 50% methanol solution and quantified against calibrators prepared in the extraction solvent given negligible matrix effects across three concentrations. 9[H2]‐N,N‐dimethylacetamide was used as an internal standard. Separation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐monomethylacetamide was achieved using a Kinetex EVO C18 stationary phase (100 mm × 2.1 mm × 2.6 μm) running an isocratic mobile phase of 30% methanol containing 0.1% formic acid at a flow of 0.2 ml/min over 3.0 min. The injection volume was 1 μl. Calibration curves for N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐monomethylacetamide were linear up to 1200 and 200 μg/L, respectively, with a lower limit of quantification 1 μg/L for both analytes. Calibrator accuracy and precision were within ± 10% of the test parameters across four concentration levels. Analytes were stable over 14 days at three different storage conditions. This method was successfully applied to measure N,N‐dimethylacetamide and N‐monomethylacetamide concentrations in a total of 1265 plasma samples from 77 children.
Ultrahigh Flowability and Excellent Mechanical Performance of Glass Fiber/PA6 Composites Prepared by Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Yu Lijie , Hu Qiangsheng , Li Tingcheng , Zhang Junheng , Chen Shenghui , Xu Zejun , Chen Sufang , Zhang Daohong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLightweighting of automotives is crucial for the decrease of fuel and energy consumption, as well as CO2 emission and environmental pollution. Polymer composites, especially the high strength glass fiber/polyamide (GF/PA) composites, have great potential in lightweight; however, they have not been universally accepted due to their insufficient performance. Here, a stearate‐ended hyperbranched polyester (HBP‐12‐n) is designed and high‐performance GF/PA6 composites with high GF content are prepared. The flowability of the composites can be further increased by combining carboxyl‐ended hyperbranched polymer (HyPer C181) with HBP‐12‐n. Compared with unmodified GF/PA6 composites, the melt flow index (MFI) can be increased remarkably to 587% by adding a 0.7 wt% mixture of HBP‐12‐75 and HyPer C181, and the strength and toughness remain competitive. The simultaneous improvement in MFI and impact strength of GF/PA6 composites is the first discovery of this kind, and a synergistic mechanism of amphiphilic bridging‐deformation slipping‐interfacial strengthening of hyperbranched polymers is proposed to account for this phenomenon. This work provides a simple strategy to fabricate GF/PA6 composites with the extensive application for automotive parts and has great prospects in making automotives lightweight and reduction of CO2 emissions.
Ultrasound‐guided breast biopsy using an adapted automated cone‐based ultrasound scanner: a feasibility study
Authors: Nikolaev Anton V. , de Jong Leon , Zamecnik Patrik , Groenhuis Vincent , Siepel Françoise J. , Stramigioli Stefano , Hansen Hendrik H.G. , de Korte Chris L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmong available breast biopsy techniques, ultrasound (US)‐guided biopsy is preferable because it is relatively inexpensive and provides live imaging feedback. The availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐3D US image fusion would facilitate US‐guided biopsy even for US occult lesions to reduce the need for expensive and time‐consuming MRI‐guided biopsy. In this paper, we propose a novel Automated Cone‐based Breast Ultrasound Scanning and Biopsy System (ACBUS‐BS) to scan and biopsy breasts of women in prone position. It is based on a previously developed system, called ACBUS, that facilitates MRI‐3D US image fusion imaging of the breast employing a conical container filled with coupling medium.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to introduce the ABCUS‐BS system and demonstrate its feasibility for biopsy of US occult lesions.MethodThe biopsy procedure with the ACBUS‐BS comprises four steps: target localization, positioning, preparation, and biopsy. The biopsy outcome can be impacted by 5 types of errors: due to lesion segmentation, MRI‐3D US registration, navigation, lesion tracking during repositioning, and US inaccuracy (due to sound speed difference between the sample and the one used for image reconstruction).For the quantification, we use a soft custom‐made polyvinyl alcohol phantom (PVA) containing eight lesions (three US‐occult and five US‐visible lesions of 10 mm in diameter) and a commercial breast mimicking phantom with a median stiffness of 7.6 and 28 kPa, respectively. Errors of all types were quantified using the custom‐made phantom. The error due to lesion tracking was also quantified with the commercial phantom.Finally, the technology was validated by biopsying the custom‐made phantom and comparing the size of the biopsied material to the original lesion size. The average size of the 10‐mm‐sized lesions in the biopsy specimen was 7.00 ± 0.92 mm (6.33 ± 1.16 mm for US occult lesions, and 7.40 ± 0.55 mm for US‐visible lesions).ResultsFor the PVA phantom, the errors due to registration, navigation, lesion tracking during repositioning, and US inaccuracy were 1.33, 0.30, 2.12, and 0.55 mm. The total error was 4.01 mm. For the commercial phantom, the error due to lesion tracking was estimated at 1.10 mm, and the total error was 4.11 mm. Given these results, the system is expected to successfully biopsy lesions larger than 8.22 mm in diameter. Patient studies will have to be carried out to confirm this in vivo.ConclusionThe ACBUS‐BS facilitates US‐guided biopsy of lesions detected in pre‐MRI and therefore might offer a low‐cost alternative to MRI‐guided biopsy. We demonstrated the feasibility of the approach by successfully taking biopsies of five US‐visible and three US‐occult lesions embedded in a soft breast‐shaped phantom.
Vascular space occupancy asymmetric spin echo (VASO‐ASE) for non‐invasive quantification of cerebral oxygen extraction fraction
Authors: Waddle Spencer L. , Garza Maria , Ying Chunwei , Davis L. Taylor , Jordan Lori C. , An Hongyu , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: March 2023

PurposeAsymmetric spin echo (ASE) MRI is a method for measuring regional oxygen extraction fraction (OEF); however, extravascular tissue models have been shown to under‐estimate OEF. The hypothesis investigated here is that the addition of a vascular‐space‐occupancy (VASO) pre‐pulse will more fully suppress blood water signal and provide global OEF values more consistent with physiological expectation and 15O positron emission tomography (PET)‐validated T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) OEF measures.MethodsHealthy adults (n = 14; age = 27.7 ± 5.2 y; sex = 7/7 male/female) were scanned at 3.0T. Multi‐echo ASE without inter‐readout refocusing (ASERF−), multi‐echo ASE with inter‐readout refocusing (ASERF+), and single‐echo VASO‐ASE were acquired twice each with common spatial resolution = 3.44 × 3.44 × 3.0 mm and τ = 0–20 ms (interval = 0.5 ms). TRUST was acquired twice sequentially for independent global OEF assessment (τCPMG = 10 ms; effective TEs = 0, 40, 80, and 160 ms; spatial resolution = 3.4 × 3.4 × 5 mm). OEF intraclass‐correlation‐coefficients (ICC), summary statistics, and group‐wise differences were assessed (Wilcoxon rank‐sum; significance: two‐sided p < 0.05).ResultsASERF+ (OEF = 36.8 ± 1.9%) and VASO‐ASE (OEF = 34.4 ± 2.3%) produced OEF values similar to TRUST (OEF = 36.5 ± 4.6%, human calibration model; OEF = 32.7 ± 4.9%, bovine calibration model); however, ASERF− yielded lower OEF (OEF = 26.1 ± 1.0%; p < 0.01) relative to TRUST. VASO‐ASE (ICC = 0.61) yielded lower ICC compared to other ASE variants (ICC >0.89).ConclusionVASO‐ASE and TRUST provide similar OEF values; however, VASO‐ASE spatial coverage and repeatability improvements are required.