bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation of Femoral Neck Fracture with Femoral Neck System : A retrospective cohort study of 43 patients
Authors: Yoon Jae Youn , Byun Seong-Eun , Cho Young-Ho 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to analyze the clinical outcomes of femoral neck fractures (FNF) in patients treated with a femoral neck system (FNS, DePuy Synthes), which is a recently introduced device.
Methods
This study included 43 patients who underwent osteosynthesis using FNS for with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The researchers examined the patients’ demographic factors and radiologically evaluated the fracture type and fixation status, bone union, and postoperative complications.
Results
Radiological bone union was confirmed in 39 patients (90.7%), and the mean time to union was 3.6 months. Two cases of nonunion, one case of lag screw cut-out, and one case of osteonecrosis were confirmed; all four cases later underwent arthroplasty. The mean time to reoperation was 4.5 months. Meanwhile, five patients underwent implant removal after the bone union, and distal locking screw stripping was noted in three patients. All three patients required metal plate cutting to remove the implants.
Conclusion
Osteosynthesis of FNF using the newly introduced FNS showed satisfactory outcomes and excellent mechanical stability without any postoperative complications. However, distal locking screw failure during implant removal should also be considered.
Long-term treatment with gadopentetic acid or gadodiamide increases TRPC5 expression and decreases adriamycin nuclear accumulation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Weiheng , Wang Mengyuan , Lv Weizhen , White Fletcher , Chen Xingjuan , Obukhov Alexander 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide are paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that are routinely used for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor disease progression in cancer patients. However, growing evidence indicates that repeated administration of GBCAs may lead to gadolinium (III) cation accumulation in the cortical bone tissue, skin, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, potentially leading to a subsequent slow long-term discharge of Gd3+. Gd3+ is a known activator of the TRPC5 channel which is implicated in breast cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Here we found that gadopentetic acid (Gd-DTPA, 1 mM) enhanced the inward and outward currents through TRPC5 exogenously expressed in HEK293 cells. Gd-DTPA (1 mM) also activated the Gd3+ sensitive R593A mutant of TRPC5, which exhibits a reduced sensitivity to GPCR-Gq/11-PLC dependent gating. Conversely, Gd-DTPA had no effect on TRPC5-E543Q, a Gd3+ insensitive TRPC5 mutant. Long-term treatment (28 days) of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADM) with Gd-DTPA (1 mM) or gadodiamide (GDD, 1 mM) did not affect cell survival in the presence of ADM. However, the treatment with Gd-DTPA or GDD significantly increased TRPC5 expression and decreased the accumulation of ADM in the nuclei of MCF-7 cells, increasing the risk of the breast cancer cell chemoresistance. The antagonist of TRPC5, AC1903 (1 µM), reversed the Gd-DTPA-treatment mediated changes in ADM nuclear accumulation. We propose that clinically, repeated administration of GBCAs should be minimized in breast cancer patients to reduce the risk of drug resistance.
Religion and Persecution
Authors: Khalil Umair , Panza Laura 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between local religiosity and episodes of persecutions in Europe between 1100-1850. We introduce a novel proxy for measuring local religion: the cult of saints in early Western Christianity. Our findings show that cities with an established cult of a saint are associated with an 8 percentage points (pp) increase in the likelihood of Jewish persecutions and a 12 pp increased likelihood of witch trials. However, cities with more progressive gender norms, measured by the presence of a female saint cult, are less likely to persecute witches compared to male-only saint cities. Our baseline relationship persists after controlling for a range of city-level economic, geographic and institutional characteristics and after accounting for other major confounders. Suggestive evidence points towards two mechanisms behind the saints-persecution relationship: (i) changes in norms induced by longer exposure to Christianity; and (ii) proximity of religious groups due to congruence of religious festivities.
JEL Codes: D74; N33; N43; N93; Z12
Computational design of Checkpoint Kinase-1 (CHK-1) inhibitors for cancer therapy
Authors: Chandrasekaran Jaikanth , Kanekar Saptami , Dagamajalu Shobha , Modi Prashanth , Gopinathan Kirthika , Raju Rajesh , Prasad T. S. Keshav , Balaya Rex Devasahayam Arokia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
CHK-1 kinase belongs to the serine/threonine family of kinases, which play a vital role in cell cycle arrest and proved to be a promising therapeutic target to control cancer development and progression. Many potent and selective CHK-1 inhibitors have been reported, but only a few are currently in clinical trial. In this era, drug re-profiling has proved to be a major step in drug discovery and development that is cost and time beneficial. In this study, we have incorporated a combined in silico computational approach to widen the chemical range of CHK-1 inhibitors from the existing FDA approved drugs. An e-pharmacophore model was created from 3D crystal coordinates of CHK-1 protein complex with the clinical trial inhibitor (CCT245737). The hypothesis with seven molecular features was screened with FDA drugs and the obtained drugs were subjected into Glide XP molecular docking. The top 10% scored ligands were visualized and Procaterol was best identified which showed similar interaction patterns with enzyme active sites as the clinical trial inhibitor. Furthermore, total binding free energy, pharmacokinetic properties and molecular dynamics were also evaluated. The results consolidated showed better binding affinity, acceptable kinetic profile and significant stability of Procaterol binding with CHK-1 kinase. In conclusion, we highlight that Procaterol is a re-provable potent CHK-1 inhibitor and appears as a new structural scaffold for further optimisation.
Scalp Acupuncture Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Stroke-induced Motor Dysfunction in Rats via regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and ER-phagy
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Lou Huijuan , Lu Jing , Tang Xiaolei , Pang Tingting , Lei Siyuan , Wang Yufeng , Sun Liwei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a high-risk disease and imposes heavy burdens on patients in china. Acupuncture has been used for thousands of years to treat motor dysfunction, cognitive disorder and language barrier caused by cerebral ischemic stroke. Acupoint lines, vertex middle line and anterior oblique line of vertex temple, are always employed to treat cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of the two acupoint lines in relieving cerebral ischemic stroke needs further exploration. In the present study, scalp acupuncture treatment alleviated the motor dysfunction, brain damage, and cell death induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Proteomics analysis and ultrastructure observation indicated that endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes might involve in the mechanism of the scalp acupuncture treatment in suppressing MCAO-triggered neural deficits. Effect of the scalp acupuncture treatment on ER stress was then investigated and found that the activation of ER stress mediators, including PERK, IRE1, and ATF6, was downregulated after the scalp acupuncture treatment. Co-localization analysis of KDEL and CD63 showed that the engulfment of ER fragments by lysosomes was accelerated by the scalp acupuncture treatment, indicating that the scalp acupuncture treatment alleviated ER stress via enhancing micro-ER-phagy. Moreover, expression of pro-apoptotic protein CHOP, phosphorylated-JNK, cleaved capases-3 and − 9 also decreased after the scalp acupuncture. In conclusion, the present study showed that scalp acupuncture of vertex middle line and anterior oblique line of vertex temple may alleviate cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting ER stress-accelerated apoptosis.
Menstrual characteristics and dysmenorrhea among Palestinian adolescent refugee camp dwellers in the West Bank and Jordan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghandour Rula , Hammoudeh Weeam , Stigum Hein , Giacaman Rita , Fjeld Heidi , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background: Women and girls experience menstruation throughout their reproductive years. Normal adolescent menstrual cycles gauge current and future reproductive health. Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is the most prevalent menstrual disturbance in adolescents that can be debilitating. This study examines the menstrual characteristics of adolescents living in Palestinian refugee camps in the West Bank of the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory and Jordan, including estimates of dysmenorrhea levels and associated factors.Methods:We conducted a household survey of 15 to 18-year-old adolescents. Field workers collected data on menstrual characteristics, dysmenorrhea (using the WaLIDD scale), demographic, socio-economic, and health variables. A linear regression model was used to examine the link between dysmenorrhea and other participant characteristics.Results: 2737 girls participated in the study. Mean age was 16.8±1.1 years. Mean age-at-menarche was 13.1±1.2; mean bleeding duration was 5.3±1.5 days, and mean cycle length was 28.1±6.2 days. Around 6% of participating girls reported heavy menstrual bleeding. High dysmenorrhea levels were reported (96%), with 41% reporting severe symptoms. Higher dysmenorrhea levels were associated with older age, earlier age-at-menarche, longer bleeding durations, heavier menstrual flow, skipping breakfast regularly, and limited physical activity patterns. Eighty-nine percent used non-pharmacological approaches to ease menstrual pain, whereas 25% used medications.Conclusion:The study indicates regular menstrual patterns and a slightly higher age-at-menarche than the global average. However, an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among participants was found. This research emphasizes the need for integrated efforts to assist adolescents with menstrual challenges such as dysmenorrhea and irregular periods to achieve informed recommendations and effective actions.
Overvoltage Mitigation in LVDC Distribution System Caused by DC Circuit Breaker Connected with Constant Power Load
Authors: Hussain Adil , Javid Zahid , Mujeeb Asad , Hassan Rizwan UL , Ahmed Rizwan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The operation of a high-speed DC circuit breaker can cause overvoltage transients in the Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution system especially when the load is driving constant power. If adequate damping is not provided, then the destabilizing effect of constant power load (CPL) can drive the system towards instability. This paper presents a new method to mitigate the over-voltage transients caused by the operation of a DC circuit breaker in an LVDC system. The proposed method is based on utilizing the existing Energy Storage System (ESS) in the DC grid to limit the switching over-voltage within the safe limits. In this study, supercapacitor sizing is performed, while considering the instability problems of the CPLs. First, an analytical expression is built to determine the required value of the supercapacitor, for a basic LVDC distribution system is first considered, state-space modeling methodology is then provided to extend the suggested method for a detailed LVDC distribution system. The Control System Toolbox of the MATLAB program is used for simulations. MATLAB/Simulink time-domain models are also developed to triangulate the theoretical findings. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by simulation results.
Analysis of trace elements (Zn and Cu) levels in COVID-19 patients with ICU and Non-ICU hospitalization
Authors: Ram Sant , Saini Neha , Saini Ram Krishan , Kaur Sandeep , Pathak Piyush , Jassal Ravjit , Chidananda Mohana Kumari , Zohmangaihi Deepy , Soni Shiv lal , Suri Vikas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic besides its current resurgence and continuously increasing fatalities indicates a vital need for severity assessment at its early stages. Recent studies have already ascribed mortality to chronic inflammation. But the part of trace elements, especially zinc and copper that have been known to possess antiviral roles for a long time is least studied in COVID-19.
Methods: The study comprised 122 COVID-19-positive participants admitted to the tertiary care hospital. Among them, eighty-one (~66%) were admitted to ICU under high severity. Levels of Zn and Cu along with CRP were analyzed and compared among ICU and non-ICU admitted patients. Using ROC analysis, the potential and precise levels for defining severity were determined.
Results: We found a significant reduction in Zn levels (p=0.001) in ICU-admitted patients compared to the non-ICU group which was more pronounced in females and patients aged above 50 years. Reduction in the levels of Zn is accompanied by elevated CRP levels (p<0.001) in ICU patients with no effect on Cu levels. Upon ROC analysis, Zn and CRP were found to have significant AUC (p<0.0001). Further, CRP to Zn ratio displayed improved AUC with 90% sensitivity indicating their applicability to predict ICU requirements.
Conclusions: The present study was primarily aimed to predict the status of zinc and copper in COVID-19 patients and their utility as a prognostic tool for deciding the severity. Our findings indicate that CRP to Zn ratio might feasibly be used to predict the progression of COVID-19 toward severity. Keywords: COVID-19, Severity, Zinc, Copper, CRP
Empirical Analysis of Public Revenue, Development Expenditure and Economic Growth in India Using Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Sumandeep Sumandeep , Ravi Ravi Kiran , Sharma Rakesh Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The current research scrutinizes the empirical relationship among pubic revenue, govt. expenditures & economic growth in India. This research factually investigates India’s economic growth experience during the period 1990–2017. Multivariate vector auto-regression with focus on generalized Impulse Response Function has been applied for analyzing yearly data of public revenue, developmental expenditure & Gross Domestic Product from 1990–2017. The study used unrestricted VAR & Granger Causality using data from 1990–2017. The outcome of co-integration reflects that the development expenditure doesn’t show significant impact on GDP. The public revenue (PR) is found to be significant at lag time. GDP & development expenditure (DE) have a significant impact on public revenue. A positive association of tax revenue with GDP has been found. Similar association has also been found between tax revenues & development expenditure. The findings enrich the research literature and it can be inferred that to enhance GDP and growth, there is need to accelerate development expenditures on capital projects. Public revenue receipts emerge as a major route for financing public expenditure. This also supports a growth nexus.
A12, C23, I1, I2.
Self-supplying Cu2+ and oxidative stress synergistically enhanced disulfiram-mediated melanoma chemotherapy
Authors: Gao Yingqian , Cai Xiaojun , Zou Weijuan , Tang Xiuzhen , Jiang Lixian , Hao Junnian , Zheng Yuanyi , Ye Xinhua , Ying Tao , Li Ao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Disulfiram (DSF) combined Cu2+ ions can target and kill cancer cells by disrupting cellular degradation of extruded proteins, and has therefore received particular attention for its tumor chemotherapeutic potential. However, the Cu2+/DSF ratio and oxidative environment can affect the efficacy of DSF-mediated chemotherapy. Herein, self-supplying Cu2+ and oxidative stress synergistically enhanced DSF-mediated chemotherapy is proposed for melanoma based on PVP-coated CuO2 nanodots (CPNDs).
Results
Once ingested, DSF is broken down to diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC), which is delivered into the tumor via circulation. Under the acidic tumor microenvironment, CPNDs produce sufficient Cu2+ and H2O2. DTC readily chelates Cu2+ ions to generate CuET, which shows antitumor efficacy. CuET-mediated chemotherapy can be enhanced by H2O2. Sufficient Cu2+ generation can guarantee maximum efficacy of DSF-mediated chemotherapy. Furthermore, Cu2+ can react with H2O2 to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) via a Fenton-like reaction, promoting the efficacy of CuET. As a result, accompanied with oral uptaking of DSF and intratumoral injection of CPNDs strategy, the treatment achieves remarkable antitumor activity, which has been systematically verified both in vivo and in vitro assays.
Conclusion
This study hypothesizes that employing CPNDs instead of Cu2+ ions could generate H2O2 for Cu2+ and oxidative stress synergistically enhanced DSF-mediated melanoma chemotherapy, providing a simple but efficient strategy for achieving chemotherapeutic effeicacy.
Grow Newtonian rigid inertia into parameter repetitiveness memory equivalent bio-inertia by degenerating eigenstates on a surface tension region to define quantum growth gravity for turnover selection inheritance
Authors: Lai Yi Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
Inversion energy is parameter-against-gravity-internal-fluctuation, the non-simultaneousness in correlated internal fluctuations is quantizing time. Modified Newtonian Laws are, first: 𝑑/𝑑𝑥 cosx =−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑑/𝑑𝑥 sinx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥; second: 𝐹⃗=𝑚∙𝑎⃗+|𝑚𝑔⃗∫𝑡𝑔𝜃⋅𝑑𝜃 ⟩↿⇂ third: Wavelength =2/𝑛 L, frequency = n𝑓0. Bio-systems are topological spaces that can process input objects into inversion energy for entropy-control by repetitiveness memory, the capability of equivalent procured inversion energy with memorized trigonometric repetitiveness by quantizing time is bio-inertia. Evolution grows the trigonometric condensate equivalent capacity of a topological space. Schrödinger equation has only quantized energy but hasn’t quantized time thus inducing quantum collapse, we then write down equation 𝑯̂𝜓=𝑬𝜓 + Σn|cos(1/𝑛 𝑥)⟩ to grow eigenstates on certain surface tension regions to define quantum growth gravity for lifespan. Originating from elastic quantum scale differences between Planck regions and surface tension regions, bio quantum duality grows in vivo cross folded-surface tension region flow. Life relies on trigonometric negentropy procured from elastic entropy generation ground condensates and physically inherit by bio quantum growth turnover selection.
Based on machine learning 316 stainless steel low-cycle fatigue life prediction method
Authors: Duan Hongyan , Cao Mengjie , Liu Lin , Yue Shunqiang , He Hong , Zhao Yingjian , Zhang Zengwang , liu Yang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The low cycle fatigue life of 316 stainless steel is a significant basis for safety assessment. Usually, many factors affect the low-cycle fatigue life of stainless steel, and the relationship between the influencing factors and fatigue life is complicated and nonlinear. Therefore, it is hard to predict fatigue life by the traditional empirical formula. Based on this, a machine learning algorithm is proposed. In this paper, based on the existing large amount of experimental data, machine learning methods are used to predict the low circumferential fatigue life of 316 stainless steel. The results show that the prediction accuracy of nu-SVR and ELM models is high and can meet engineering needs.
Sleep problems associated with exposure to or use of psychoactive substances among residents in a slum setting in Uganda
Authors: Wafula Solomon T. , Namakula Lydia N , Isunju John Bosco , Mugambe Richard K , Ssekamatte Tonny , Musoke David , Wanyenze Rhoda K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdult substance use may be a significant predictor of sleeping problems, according to extant research. Children exposed to secondhand (SHS) also have a high likelihood of sleep problems. There is limited information on the relationships between exposure to psychoactive substances and subsequent sleep issues in adults and children, particularly in Uganda. We set out to assess the links between exposure to psychoactive substances and sleep problems in adults and children.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study among 284 adults in a slum setting in Kampala, Uganda. We assessed self-reported sleeping problems among adults (sleep duration, insomnia, sleep dissatisfaction) and sleep-disordered breathing disorder (SBD) among children. We also assessed children's early-life SHS exposure (during pregnancy and the first six months of life) using questionnaires. Using a generalized linear model of the Poisson family, we estimated the association between sleeping problems and psychoactive substance use (adults) and SHS exposure (children).ResultsOn working days, 59.2% of adults reported sleeping less than 7 hours, and 28.3% expressed dissatisfaction with their sleep patterns and durations. Approximately 39.6% of the children were reported to have sleep-disordered breathing problems. Among adults, sleep dissatisfaction was associated with alcohol use (PR = 1.78(1.20 - 2.64)). Compared to unexposed counterparts, children, exposed to both prenatal SHS and within the first six months of life had a higher risk of SBD (PR= 1.81, 95%CI 1.23 – 2.67).ConclusionsAlcohol was linked to sleep dissatisfaction among adults while earlier life exposure to SHS was associated with an increased risk of SBD problems in children. This emphasizes the need to support ongoing public health initiatives and maintain a smoke-free environment, particularly for children in their early life.
Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on Balanced Stratified Prioritized Experience Replay for Customer Credit Scoring in Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Wang Yadong , Jia Yanlin , Fan Sha , Xiao Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) models have been successfully utilised to solve various classification problems. However, these models have never been applied to customer credit scoring in peer-to-peer (P2P) lending. Moreover, the imbalanced class distribution in experience replay, which may affect the performance of DRL models, has rarely been considered. Therefore, this article proposes a novel DRL model, namely a deep Q-network based on a balanced stratified prioritized experience replay (DQN-BSPER) model, for customer credit scoring in P2P lending. Firstly, customer credit scoring is formulated as a discrete-time finite-Markov decision process. Subsequently, a balanced stratified prioritized experience replay technology is presented to optimize the loss function of the deep Q-network model. This technology can not only balance the numbers of minority and majority experience samples in the mini-batch by using stratified sampling technology but also select more important experience samples for replay based on the priority principle. To verify the model performance, four evaluation measures are introduced for the empirical analysis of two real-world customer credit scoring datasets in P2P lending. The experimental results show that the DQN-BSPER model can outperform four benchmark DRL models and seven traditional benchmark classification models. In addition, the DQN-BSPER model with a discount factor γ of 0.1 has excellent credit scoring performance.