bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO personal characteristics and firms’ risk-taking behaviour: the moderating role of family ownership
Authors: Amin Ali , Ali Rizwan , Ur Rehman Ramiz , Ntim Collins G. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) personal characteristics on firms’ risk taking and the moderating role of family ownership on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study used 2,647 firm-year observations of non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2013–2021. To test the hypotheses, the authors used ordinary least squares regression and, to resolve the possible endogeneity problem, the authors used system generalized method of moments technique.FindingsDrawing insights first from upper echelons theory, the authors report that CEOs with business, economics, finance and/or management educational background and female CEOs reduce firms’ risk-taking behaviour. Further, using insights from social and organizational identity theoretical perspectives, the results indicate that due to strong family affiliation and organizational identity, family owners exhibit risk aversion behaviour and moderate this relationship.Originality/valueThis study provides novel evidence of risk averse behaviour of CEOs with business, economics, finance and/or management educational background and female CEOs along with moderating impact of family ownership on this relationship in an emerging economy. Overall, the results extend empirical support for upper echelons and social identity theories in an emerging market context.
Eyeballing internal auditors’ and the firms’ intention to adopt Metaverse technologies: case study in Indonesia
Authors: Hatane Saarce Elsye , Sondak Livia , Tarigan Josua , Kwistianus Hendri , Sany Sany 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to give broad insights into what components can significantly influence the adoption of Metaverse from the perspective of internal auditors and their firms in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis research used primary data from questionnaires. Relying on the empirical view of 202 internal auditors in Indonesia, this research’s framework is executed using structural equation model. Company’s intention in adopting the Metaverse technology intervenes in the influence of perception of external control and usefulness on the internal auditor’s intention to adopt that technology.FindingsThe perception of external control and perceived usefulness of Metaverse significantly influenced the adoption intention of Metaverse by internal auditors and their firms in Indonesia. This paper is helpful for practitioners who would like to know what factors are needed to make the internal auditors in Indonesia able to adopt Metaverse.Research limitations/implicationsResults might be varied from country to country as each country has different technology development. Therefore, upcoming research can compare similar studies in another country. This paper can contribute to further empirical development for the theory of acceptance model of the third version. Many researchers use the theory to study advanced technology adoption intention.Practical implicationsThe paper is also essential for future research and could enhance companies' knowledge about staying updated in the market with the advanced technology that keeps developing.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to an integrated view of the intention of internal auditors and firms in Indonesia to adopt Metaverse. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this topic is relatively new in Indonesia.
Targeting the AKT‐P53/CREB pathway with epicatechin for improved prognosis of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Lu Zhichao , Chen Yixun , Wang Chenxing , Gong Peipei , Jiang Rui , Liu Qianqian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of epicatechin, on neurological recovery and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) to investigate its potential value in clinical practice.MethodsTBI model was established in adult rats by CCI method. The effect of epicatechin was evaluated after intraperitoneal injection. Neurological recovery after TBI was assessed by Morris Water Maze, mNSS score, Rotarod test and Adhesive removal test. Protein and gene expression was assessed by Western blot, ELISA, PCR and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, the use of AKT pathway inhibitors blocked the therapeutic effects of epicatechin clarifying AKT‐P53/CREB as a potential pathway for the effects of epicatechin.ResultsAdministering epicatechin after TBI prevented neuronal death, reduced neuroinflammation, and promoted neurological function restoration in TBI rats. Network pharmacology study suggested that epicatechin may exert its therapeutic benefits through the AKT‐P53/CREB pathwayConclusionThese results indicate that epicatechin, a monomeric compound derived from tea polyphenols, possesses potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties after TBI. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of the AKT‐P53/CREB signal pathway.
Rostral mandibulectomy as a treatment for comminuted pars incisiva fractures and fibro‐osseous lesions: A retrospective study including six cases
Authors: Haion Orr , Tatz Amos , Brenner Ori , Dahan Roee , Oreff Gil , Kelmer Gal 
Published: July 2023

SummaryRostral mandibulectomy is a relatively rarely performed procedure, reported mainly for rostral mandibular mass removal. This retrospective case series reports the histories, clinical findings and outcome in six horses that underwent rostral mandibulectomy. Three horses had mandibular fractures, necessitating rostral mandibulectomy; one case had both a fracture and a rostral mandibular mass. Two cases had mandibular masses without fracture involvement. All cases had a successful outcome, with good functional and cosmetic results.
The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook
Authors: van Hell Janet G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe past decades have seen an explosion of research using electrophysiological or neuroimaging techniques for studying the neurocognitive underpinnings of second language (L2) processing. Although this field has a shorter history than does research on language learning more generally, important insights into the neurocognitive basis of L2 processing have driven it to the center stage of language science. In this target article for Language Learning’s 75th Jubilee volume, I illustrate the field's impressive achievements by selectively reviewing electrophysiological and neuroimaging research on L2 processing and bilingual brain organization. I also review changing perspectives in the field (including individual difference and experience‐based perspectives, neural network approaches, neuroplasticity, and L2‐learning related neural changes) and identified challenges, promises, and future directions (revisit native‐speaker benchmark, increase linguistic diversity, enhance ecological validity, intensify research on child L2 learners’ brain, adopt lifelong approach to L2 learning) that can lead to a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of L2 learning and processing.
Noncompliance with the law as institutional maintenance at ultra‐religious schools
Authors: Perry‐Hazan Lotem , Barak‐Corren Netta , Nachmani Gil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow do ultra‐religious schools respond to state regulations that conflict with deep‐rooted cultural norms? This study investigates this question in the context of Haredi boys schools' decisions regarding Israel's core‐curriculum regulations. It draws on a first‐of‐its‐kind dataset of interviews and school data collected from a representative sample of 82 principals and teachers in schools serving 18,000 students and six government inspectors overseeing dozens of schools. We identify isomorphic structures of compliance and noncompliance and analyze the law's role among the competing sources of schools' decisions. These sources include rabbis, nongovernmental network supervisors, private consultants, models set by other schools, resource constraints, parents, and personal opinions. The findings reveal a tension between the law's overarching role in setting the baseline for schools' decisions and its under‐enforcement. We conceptualize this tension as a manifestation of coupled institutional maintenance, whereby ultra‐religious schools and government inspectors collaborate to maintain schools' noncompliance and autonomy.
Fractalkine Enhances Hematoma Resolution and Improves Neurological Function via CX3CR1/AMPK/PPARγ Pathway After GMH
Authors: Chen Xionghui , He Xuying , Xu Feng , Xu Ningbo , Sharifi Nona Hashem , Zhang Pengjie , Flores Jerry J. , Wu Lei , He Qiuguang , Kanamaru Hideki , Zhu Shiyi , Dong Siyuan , Han Mingyang , Yuan Ye , Huang Lei , Miao Liyan , Zhang John H. , Zhou Youxin , Tang Jiping 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Hematoma clearance has been a proposed therapeutic strategy for hemorrhagic stroke. This study investigated the impact of CX3CR1 (CX3C chemokine receptor 1) activation mediated by r-FKN (recombinant fractalkine) on hematoma resolution, neuroinflammation, and the underlying mechanisms involving AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) pathway after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH).

METHODS:
A total of 313 postnatal day 7 Sprague Dawley rat pups were used. GMH was induced using bacterial collagenase by a stereotactically guided infusion. r-FKN was administered intranasally at 1, 25, and 49 hours after GMH for short-term neurological evaluation. Long-term neurobehavioral tests (water maze, rotarod, and foot-fault test) were performed 24 to 28 days after GMH with the treatment of r-FKN once daily for 7 days. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, CX3CR1 CRISPR, or selective CX3CR1 inhibitor AZD8797, was administered intracerebroventricularly 24 hours preinduction of GMH. Selective inhibition of AMPK/PPARγ signaling in microglia via intracerebroventricularly delivery of liposome-encapsulated specific AMPK (Lipo-Dorsomorphin), PPARγ (Lipo-GW9662) inhibitor. Western blot, Immunofluorescence staining, Nissl staining, Hemoglobin assay, and ELISA assay were performed.

RESULTS:
The brain expression of FKN and CX3CR1 were elevated after GMH. FKN was expressed on both neurons and microglia, whereas CX3CR1 was mainly expressed on microglia after GMH. Intranasal administration of r-FKN improved the short- and long-term neurobehavioral deficits and promoted M2 microglia polarization, thereby attenuating neuroinflammation and enhancing hematoma clearance, which was accompanied by an increased ratio of p-AMPK (phosphorylation of AMPK)/AMPK, Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2), PPARγ, CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), CD163 (hemoglobin scavenger receptor), CD206 (the mannose receptor), and IL (interleukin)-10 expression, and decreased CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68), IL-1β, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) α expression. The administration of CX3CR1 CRISPR or CX3CR1 inhibitor (AZD8797) abolished the protective effect of FKN. Furthermore, selective inhibition of microglial AMPK/PPARγ signaling abrogated the anti-inflammation effects of r-FKN after GMH.

CONCLUSIONS:
CX3CR1 activation by r-FKN promoted hematoma resolution, attenuated neuroinflammation, and neurological deficits partially through the AMPK/PPARγ signaling pathway, which promoted M1/M2 microglial polarization. Activating CX3CR1 by r-FKN may provide a promising therapeutic approach for treating patients with GMH.
Could palliative sedation be seen as unnamed euthanasia?: a survey among healthcare professionals in oncology
Authors: Lucchi E. , Milder M. , Dardenne A. , Bouleuc C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In 2016 a French law created a new right for end-of-life patients: deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, with discontinuation of all treatments sustaining life such as artificial nutrition and hydration. It was totally unprecedented that nutrition and hydration were explicitly defined in France as sustaining life treatments, and remains a specificity of this law. End- of-life practices raise ethical and practical issues, especially in Europe actually. We aimed to know how oncology professionals deal with the law, their opinion and experience and their perception.

Methods
Online mono-centric survey with closed-ended and open-ended questions in a Cancer Comprehensive Centre was elaborated. It was built during workshops of the ethics committee of the Institute, whose president is an oncologist with a doctoral degree in medical ethics. 58 oncologists and 121 nurses—all professionals of oncological departments -, received it, three times, as mail, with an information letter.

Results
63/ 179 professionals answered the questionnaire (35%). Conducting end-of-life discussions and advanced care planning were reported by 46/63 professionals. In the last three months, 18 doctors and 7 nurses faced a request for a deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, in response to physical or existential refractory suffering. Artificial nutrition and even more hydration were not uniformly considered as treatment. Evaluation of the prognosis, crucial to decide a deep and continuous sedation maintained until death, appears to be very difficult and various, between hours and few weeks. Half of respondents were concerned that this practice could lead to or hide euthanasia practices, whereas for the other half, this new law formalised practices necessary for the quality of palliative care at the end-of-life.

Conclusion
Most respondents support the implementation of deep and continuous sedation maintained until death in routine end-of-life care. Nevertheless, difficulty to stop hydration, confusion with euthanasia practices, ethical debates it provokes and the risk of misunderstanding within teams and with families are significant. This is certainly shared by other teams. This could lead to a multi-centric survey and if confirmed might be reported to the legislator.
Liver function test indices-based prediction model for post-stroke depression: a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Gong Jun , Zhang Yalian , Zhong Xiaogang , Zhang Yi , Chen Yanhua , Wang Huilai 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke depression (PSD) was one of the most prevalent and serious neuropsychiatric effects after stroke. Nevertheless, the association between liver function test indices and PSD remains elusive, and there is a lack of effective prediction tools. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the liver function test indices and PSD, and construct a prediction model for PSD.

Methods
All patients were selected from seven medical institutions of Chongqing Medical University from 2015 to 2021. Variables including demographic characteristics and liver function test indices were collected from the hospital electronic medical record system. Univariate analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression analysis were used to screen the predictors. Subsequently, logistic regression, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), categorical boosting (CatBoost) and support vector machine (SVM) were adopted to build the prediction model. Furthermore, a series of evaluation indicators such as area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, F1 were used to assess the performance of the prediction model.

Results
A total of 464 PSD and 1621 stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. Six liver function test items, namely AST, ALT, TBA, TBil, TP, ALB/GLB, were closely associated with PSD, and included for the construction of the prediction model. In the test set, logistic regression model owns the AUC of 0.697. Compared with the other four machine learning models, the GBDT model has the best predictive performance (F1 = 0.498, AUC = 0.761) and was chosen to establish the prediction tool.

Conclusions
The prediction model constructed using these six predictors with GBDT algorithm displayed a promising prediction ability, which could be used for the participating hospital units or individuals by mobile phone or computer.
Inhibition of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases disrupts melanoma cell growth and immune evasion
Authors: Kosnopfel Corinna , Wendlinger Simone , Niessner Heike , Siewert Johannes , Sinnberg Tobias , Hofmann Angelika , Wohlfarth Jonas , Schrama David , Berthold Marion , Siedel Claudia , Sauer Birgit , Jayanthan Aarthi , Lenz Georg , Dunn Sandra E. , Schilling Bastian , Schittek Birgit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is frequently hyperactivated in malignant melanoma and its inhibition has proved to be an efficient treatment option for cases harboring BRAFV600 mutations (BRAFMut). However, there is still a significant need for effective targeted therapies for patients with other melanoma subgroups characterized by constitutive MAPK activation, such as tumors with NRAS or NF-1 alterations (NRASMut, NF-1LOF), as well as for patients with MAPK pathway inhibitor-resistant BRAFMut melanomas, which commonly exhibit a reactivation of this pathway. p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) represent central effectors of MAPK signaling, regulating cell cycle progression and survival.

Methods
RSK activity and the functional effects of its inhibition by specific small molecule inhibitors were investigated in established melanoma cell lines and patient-derived short-term cultures from different MAPK pathway-hyperactivated genomic subgroups (NRASMut, BRAFMut, NF-1LOF). Real-time qPCR, immunoblots and flow cytometric cell surface staining were used to explore the molecular changes following RSK inhibition. The effect on melanoma cell growth was evaluated by various two- and three-dimensional in vitro assays as well as with melanoma xenograft mouse models. Co-cultures with gp100- or Melan-A-specific cytotoxic T cells were used to assess immunogenicity of melanoma cells and associated T-cell responses.

Results
In line with elevated activity of the MAPK/RSK signaling axis, growth and survival of not only BRAFMut but also NRASMut and NF-1LOF melanoma cells were significantly impaired by RSK inhibitors. Intriguingly, RSK inhibition was particularly effective in three-dimensional growth settings with long-term chronic drug exposure and suppressed tumor cell growth of in vivo melanoma models. Additionally, our study revealed that RSK inhibition simultaneously promoted differentiation and immunogenicity of the tumor cells leading to enhanced T-cell activation and melanoma cell killing.

Conclusions
Collectively, RSK inhibitors exhibited both multi-layered anti-tumor efficacy and broad applicability across different genomic melanoma subgroups. RSK inhibition may therefore represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy for malignant melanoma with hyperactivated MAPK signaling.
Autoantibody test for type 1 diabetes in children: are there reasons to implement a screening program in the general population? A statement endorsed by the Italian Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP-ISPED) and the Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP)
Authors: Cherubini Valentino , Chiarelli Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn recent years screening of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in both at risk children and general population has been widely discussed with the aim of increasing awareness of the importance to early detect (and possibly treat) at-risk children in early stages of the chronic autoimmune progression to T1D.In fact, it is well known that first-degree relatives have the highest risk of T1D, but up to 90% of children who develop T1D do not have a family history and belong to the general population.The reasons for screening children well before the clinical onset of T1D include prevention of DKA (still up to 60% children are diagnosed with DKA) and related morbidities and mortality, reducing the need for hospitalisation, time to provide emotional support and education to ensure a smooth transition to insulin treatment, and opportunities for new treatments to prevent or delay progression.There are pros and cons of screening of T1D in children, but recent evidences suggest that it is now time to consider possible a screening for T1D in children.Recently, the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) has endorsed a Position Statement, discussing the pros and cons of screening for T1D in the general population; ESPE supports national Societies for Paediatric Endocrinology to spread information on this important issue in various countries throughout Europe; the Italian Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP-ISPED) and the Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP) endorse this document with the specific aim of increasing awareness on screening for paediatric T1D in the general population.
The mediating role of social connectedness and hope in the relationship between group membership continuity and mental health problems in vulnerable young people
Authors: Vella Claire , Berry Clio , Easterbrook Matthew J. , Michelson Daniel , Bogen-Johnston Leanne , Fowler David 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThere is growing evidence of a beneficial effect of social group processes on well-being and mental health.AimsTo investigate the role of group membership continuity in reducing mental ill-health among young people who were already vulnerable pre-pandemic, and to understand the social and psychological mechanisms of the benefits of group memberships for vulnerable young people.MethodThis study takes a cross-sectional design, using survey data from a sample of 105 young people aged 16–35 years, collected approximately 1 year after the global COVID-19 outbreak (January to July 2021). Correlational and path analyses were used to test the associations between group membership continuity and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, psychotic-like experiences) and the mediation of these associations by hope and social connectedness (in-person and online). To correct for multiple testing, the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure was implemented for all analyses. Indirect effects were assessed with coverage of 99% confidence intervals.ResultsMultiple prior group memberships were associated with preservation of group memberships during the COVID-19 pandemic. In-person social connectedness, online social connectedness and hope mediated the relationship between group membership continuity and mental health problem symptoms.ConclusionsThe results suggest that clinical and public health practice should support vulnerable young people to foster and maintain their social group memberships, hopefulness and perceived sense of social connectedness as means of helping to prevent exacerbation of symptoms and promote recovery of mental health problems, particularly during significant life events.