bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of the ENJOY Seniors Exercise Park for Older People: A Pre–Post Intervention Study
Authors: Brusco Natasha K. , Hill Keith D. , Haines Terry , Dunn Jeremy , Panisset Maya G. , Dow Briony , Batchelor Frances , Biddle Stuart J.H. , Duque Gustavo , Levinger Pazit 
Published: April 2023

Background: The Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY (ENJOY) Seniors Exercise Park program uses specialized outdoor equipment and a physical activity program to engage older people in physical activity, with multiple health benefits. We determined the cost-effectiveness of the ENJOY program. Methods: The economic evaluation compared health care utilization costs 6 months prior to and 6 months post ENJOY program participation. Incremental cost-utility analysis for the primary aim (quality of life) and incremental cost-effectiveness analysis for the secondary aim (falls) were used. Analyses took a societal perspective inclusive of Australian government-funded health care and pharmaceuticals in addition to hospitalizations, community-based nursing and allied health, and community services. Productivity costs were also calculated. Results: Fifty participants (average age 72.8 y [SD 7.4] and 78.0% [n = 39/50] women) were included. Participation in the ENJOY program reduced health care costs in the 6 months following the program: preintervention, $9764.49 (SD $26,033.35); postintervention, $5179.30 (SD $3826.64); observed postintervention reduction −$4.585.20 (95% confidence interval, −$12,113.99 to $2943.59; P = .227) without compromising quality of life (mean difference [MD] 0.011; 95% confidence interval, −0.034 to 0.056; P = .631) or increasing the likelihood of a fall (−0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.00 to −0.50; P = .160). The ENJOY intervention is likely cost-effective. Conclusions: Planning for shared community spaces should consider the benefits of a Seniors Exercise Park as part of the built environment.
Mental Fatigue From Smartphone Use or Stroop Task Does Not Affect Bench Press Force–Velocity Profile, One-Repetition Maximum, or Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Alix-Fages Carlos , Baz-Valle Eneko , González-Cano Henar , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , Balsalobre-Fernández Carlos 
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of mental fatigue from smartphone use and Stroop task on bench press force–velocity (F-V) profile, one-repetition maximum (1RM), and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Twenty-five trained subjects (age = 25.8 ± 5.7 years) completed three sessions separated by 1 week following a randomized double-blinded crossover design. Each session consisted of F-V relationship, 1RM, and CMJ measurements after performing 30 min of control, social media, or Stroop task. Perceived mental fatigue and motivation were recorded. Mental fatigue, motivation, CMJ height, bench press 1RM, and F-V profile variables (maximal force, maximal velocity, and maximal power) were compared between interventions. Significant differences were found for mental fatigue between interventions (p ≤ .001). Both ST (p ≤ .001) and SM (p = .007) induced higher mental fatigue than control. However, no significant differences between interventions were observed for any other variable (p = .056–.723). The magnitude of the differences between interventions ranged from negligible to small (effect sizes ≤ 0.24). These results suggest that although both ST and SM were effective to induce mental fatigue, neither ST nor SM affected CMJ performance, bench press 1RM, or any variable of the F-V profile compared with the control task.
Shallow deformation on the Kirby Hills fault, Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, California (USA), revealed from high-resolution seismic reflection data and coring in a fluvial system
Authors: Klotsko Shannon , Maloney Jillian , Watt Janet 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) in California (USA) is an important part of the state’s freshwater system and is also a major source of agricultural and natural resources. However, the Delta is traversed by a series of faults that make up the easternmost part of the San Andreas fault system at this latitude and pose seismic hazard to this region. In this study, we use new high-resolution chirp subbottom data1 to map and characterize the shallow expression of the Kirby Hills fault, where it has been mapped to cross the Sacramento River at the western extent of the Delta. The fault is buried here, but we document a broad zone of deformation associated with the eastern strand of the fault that changes in character, along strike, across ~600 m of the river channel. Radiocarbon dates from sediment cores collected in the Sacramento River provide some minimum constraints on the age of deformation. We do not observe evidence of the western strand as previously mapped. We also discuss difficulties of conducting a paleoseismologic study in a fluvial environment.
Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of the Population Structure Formation of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) in Western Kamchatka
Authors: Khrustaleva A. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract—
The results of previous studies on the population structure of the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka of Western Kamchatka are revised based on the analysis of the variability of 45 single nucleotide polymorphism loci using both own data (seven samples from the water bodies of the western coast of the Kamchatka peninsula) and the data obtained by other researchers (seven samples from the basin of Lake Kurilskoye and one sample from the Bystraya River, basin of the Bolshaya River). All materials were re-analyzed to clarify the existing ideas about the origin and formation of the populations of sockeye salmon of the Western Kamchatka complex, as well as to reconstruct the historical and modern demographic and genetic processes that occur in these populations. According to the results of genetic differentiation tests, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis of the principal components the sample set of lake sockeye salmon from the Ozernaya River (reproduction in the basin of Lake Kurilskoye) and Plotnikova River (predominantly the downstream migrants from Lake Nachikinskoye) differed the most from the other samples, represented mainly by river sockeye salmon. The results of the principal component analysis and the topology of the phylogenetic network for the sample sets from the basin of Lake Kurilskoye revealed their division in accordance with the periods of spawning grounds filling and with the geographical variability of the spawning periods of sockeye salmon in the lake basin.
Flexibly funding WHO? An analysis of its donors’ voluntary contributions
Authors: Iwunna Obichukwu , Kennedy Jonathan , Harmer Andrew 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionSince the 1970s, voluntary contributions have become an increasingly important component of WHO’s budget. As voluntary contributions tend to be earmarked for donor-specified programmes and projects, there are concerns that this trend has diverted focus away from WHO’s strategic priorities, made coordination and attaining coherence more difficult, undermined WHO’s democratic structures and given undue power to a handful of wealthy donors. In the past few years, the WHO Secretariat has pushed for donors to increase the amount of flexible funding they provide.MethodsThis paper aims to add to the literature on WHO financing by constructing and analysing a dataset based on figures extracted from WHO documents for the period 2010–21. It aims to answer two questions: who funds WHO and how flexible is that funding?ResultsOur analysis demonstrates that in the last decade voluntary contributions have steadily increased as a proportion of WHO’s budget, from 75% at the start of the period to 88% at the end. High-income countries and donors based in high-income countries provided 90% of voluntary contributions in 2020. Surprisingly, the share of voluntary contributions provided by upper middle-income countries was consistently less than the share by lower middle-income countries. Furthermore, in terms of their share of voluntary contributions, we found that upper middle-income countries contributed the least proportion of their gross national income to WHO.ConclusionWe conclude that WHO remains constrained by the conditions attached to the vast majority of funding that it receives from its donors. Further work on how to flexibly fund WHO is required. We recommend that the Agile Member States Task Group on Strengthening WHO’s Budgetary, Programmatic and Financing Governance continues the work of the Working Group on Sustainable Financing by focusing on the incentives that determine donor support for specified and flexible voluntary contributions.
Effects of front-of-package nutrition labelling systems on understanding and purchase intention in Jamaica: results from a multiarm randomised controlled trial
Authors: White-Barrow Vanessa , Gomes Fabio S , Eyre Sheerin , Ares Gaston , Morris Audrey , Caines Deonne , Finlay David 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of three different front-of-package labelling (FOPL) schemes on objective understanding and intention to purchase of products, in Jamaica.SettingSupermarkets in Jamaica.ParticipantsAdult supermarket shoppers in Jamaica (n=1206) aged 18 years old or older were included in the study, except for those visually impaired, or unable to give informed consent.DesignMultiarm parallel-group randomised trial.InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention groups or the control group. They were exposed to two-dimensional images of 12 mock-up products presented in random and balanced order. Participants assigned to the intervention groups were exposed to one FOPL scheme: black octagonal warning labels (OWL), magnifying glass high-in single icon (MGG) or traffic-light labelling (TFL). The control group was exposed to the nutrition facts up front.Outcome measuresOR for correctly understanding nutritional information (correctly selecting the least harmful option, correctly identifying sugars, sodium and/or saturated fats found to be in excess) and choosing to purchase the least harmful option (purchase intention), more often.ResultsCompared with the control group, the odds for correctly selecting the least harmful option more often were 107% higher in the OWL group (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.78; p<0.001), whereas the MGG (1.18, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.57; p=0.24) and the TFL (1.13, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.51; p=0.39) were inefficacious in improving such odds. OWL also resulted in the highest odds for correctly identifying a product with excessive amounts of sugars, sodium and/or saturated fats and for deciding to purchase the least harmful option or none of the options.ConclusionsOctagonal warning labels performed best at improving the ability of adult shoppers in Jamaica to understand the nutrition information and at encouraging them to purchase the least harmful option more often.
The Gálvez-Carrillo–Kock–Tonks conjecture for locally discrete decomposition spaces
Authors: Forero Wilson 
Published: April 2023

Gálvez-Carrillo et al. [Decomposition spaces, incidence algebras and Möbius inversion III: The decomposition space of Möbius intervals, Adv. Math. 334 (2018) 544–584] constructed a decomposition space [Formula: see text] of all Möbius intervals, as a recipient of Lawvere’s interval construction for Möbius categories, and conjectured that [Formula: see text] enjoys a certain universal property: for every Möbius decomposition space [Formula: see text], the space of culf functors from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] is contractible. In this paper, we work at the level of homotopy 1-types to prove the first case of the conjecture, namely for locally discrete decomposition spaces. This provides also the first substantial evidence for the general conjecture. This case is general enough to cover all locally finite posets, Cartier–Foata monoids, Möbius categories and strict (directed) restriction species. The proof is 2-categorical. First, we construct a local strict model of [Formula: see text], which is then used to show by hand that the Lawvere interval construction, considered as a natural transformation, does not admit other self-modifications than the identity.
DOCK2 Deficiency Attenuates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation—Brief Report
Authors: Guo Xia , Cai Dunpeng , Dong Kun , Li Chenxiao , Xu Zaiyan , Chen Shi-You 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal disease that lacks pharmacological treatment. Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, especially elastin laminae, is the hallmark for AAA development. DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) has shown proinflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases and acts as a novel mediator for vascular remodeling. However, the role of DOCK2 in AAA formation remains unknown.

Methods:

Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion of ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E deficient) mouse and topical elastase-induced AAA combined with DOCK2
−/−
(DOCK2 knockout) mouse models were used to study DOCK2 function in AAA formation/dissection. The relevance of DOCK2 to human AAA was examined using human aneurysm specimens. Elastin fragmentation in AAA lesion was observed by elastin staining. Elastin-degrading enzyme MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity was measured by in situ zymography.

Results:

DOCK2 was robustly upregulated in AAA lesion of Ang II–infused ApoE
−/−
mice, elastase-treated mice, as well as human AAA lesions. DOCK2
−/−
significantly attenuated the Ang II–induced AAA formation/dissection or rupture in mice along with reduction of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and MMP expression and activity. Accordingly, the elastin fragmentation observed in ApoE
−/−
mouse aorta infused with Ang II and elastase-treated aorta was significantly attenuated by DOCK2 deficiency. Moreover, DOCK2
−/−
decreased the prevalence and severity of aneurysm formation, as well as the elastin degradation observed in the topical elastase model.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that DOCK2 is a novel regulator for AAA formation. DOCK2 regulates AAA development by promoting MCP-1 and MMP2 expression to incite vascular inflammation and elastin degradation.
Sleep Deprivation Promotes Endothelial Inflammation and Atherogenesis by Reducing Exosomal miR-182-5p
Authors: Li Xiao , Cao Ying , Xu Xinxin , Wang Chongyue , Ni Qingbin , Lv Xiang , Yang Chao , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Qi Xufeng , Song Guohua 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Insufficient or disrupted sleep increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms by which sleep modulates atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore the potential role of circulating exosomes in endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis under sleep deprivation status and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods:
Circulating exosomes were isolated from the plasma of volunteers with or without sleep deprivation and mice subjected to 12-week sleep deprivation or control littermates. miRNA array was performed to determine changes in miRNA expression in circulating exosomes.

Results:
Although the total circulating exosome levels did not change significantly, the isolated plasma exosomes from sleep-deprived mice or human were a potent inducer of endothelial inflammation and atherogenesis. Through profiling and functional analysis of the global microRNA in the exosomes, we found miR-182-5p is a key exosomal cargo that mediates the proinflammatory effects of exosomes by upregulation of MYD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88) and activation of NF-ĸB (nuclear factor kappa-B)/NLRP3 pathway in endothelial cells. Moreover, sleep deprivation or the reduction of melatonin directly decreased the synthesis of miR-182-5p and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in small intestinal epithelium.

Conclusions:
The findings illustrate an important role for circulating exosomes in distant communications, suggesting a new mechanism underlying the link between sleep disorder and cardiovascular disease.
TRIM29 (Tripartite Motif Containing 29) Alleviates NLRC4 (NLR Family CARD Domain Containing Protein 4) Inflammasome Related Cerebral Injury via Promoting Proteasomal Degradation of NLRC4 in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Deng Yiming , Li Zeyan , Sun Xuan , Ma Ning , Song Ligang , Chen Duanduan , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Neuroinflammation plays extremely crucial roles in the neurological damage mediated by ischemic stroke. TRIM29 (tripartite motif containing 29) has previously been proposed to contribute to the regulation of innate immunity, however, the effect of TRIM29 on ischemic stroke induced neurodegenerative processes and neuroinflammation still largely unexplored. In the current article, we aimed to investigate the function and the precise mechanisms of TRIM29 in ischemic stroke.

Methods:
Middle cerebral artery occlusion mice model and oxygen-glucose deprivation cell model were established as in vivo and in vitro models of ischemic stroke. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and ELSIA were used to detect the expression levels of TRIM29, cytokines, and marker proteins. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to examine the extent of cell death. Different truncations were generated, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm the protein interaction. Ubiquitination assay was performed to detect the ubiquitination levels.

Results:
We found that the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induced injury was aggravated in TRIM29 knockout mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion operation as well as the increased neurological deficits score. TRIM29 expression was also found to be up-regulated upon middle cerebral artery occlusion or OGD administration, and loss of TRIM29 promoted the apoptosis and pyroptosis of neurons and microglial cells induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion or OGD, consistent with the enhanced proinflammatory mediators production and activation of NLRC4 (NLR [NOD-like receptor] family CARD [caspase recruitment domain] domain containing protein 4) inflammasome. Furthermore, we observed that TRIM29 interacted with NLRC4 directly and promoted the K48-linked polyubiquitination of NLRC4, lead to the proteasomal degradation of NLRC4.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, for the first time, we revealed the role of TRIM29 in ischemic stroke and illustrated the direct relationship between TRIM29 and NLRC4.
Vascular Risk Predicts Plasma Amyloid β 42/40 Through Cerebral Amyloid Burden in
Apolipoprotein E
ε4 Carriers
Authors: Sapkota Shraddha , Erickson Kelsey , Fletcher Evan , Tomaszewski Farias Sarah E. , Jin Lee-Way , DeCarli Charles ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative*
Published: April 2023

Background:
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings between established multimodal dementia risk factors and noninvasive blood-based biomarkers may lead to greater precision and earlier identification of older adults at risk of accelerated decline and dementia. We examined whether key vascular and genetic risk impact the association between cerebral amyloid burden and plasma aβ (amyloid β) 42/40 in nondemented older adults.

Methods:

We used nondemented older adults from the UCD-ADRC (University of California, Davis-Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center) study (
n
=96) and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (
n
=104). Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative was examined as confirmatory study cohort. We followed a cross-sectional design and examined linear regression followed by mediation analyses. Vascular risk score was obtained as the sum of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease.
Apolipoprotein E
(
APOE
) ε4+ risk was genotyped, and plasma aβ42 and aβ40 were assayed. Cerebral amyloid burden was quantified using Florbetapir-PET scans. Baseline age was included as a covariate in all models.

Results:

Vascular risk significantly predicted cerebral amyloid burden in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative but not in the UCD-ADRC cohort. Cerebral amyloid burden was associated with plasma aβ 42/40 in both cohorts. Higher vascular risk increased cerebral amyloid burden was indirectly associated with reduced plasma aβ 42/40 in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative but not in UCD-ADRC cohort. However, when stratified by
APOE
ε4+ risk, we consistently observed this indirect relationship only in
APOE
ε4+ carriers across both cohorts.

Conclusions:

Vascular risk is indirectly associated with the level of plasma aβ 42/40 via cerebral amyloid burden only in
APOE
ε4+ carriers. Nondemented older adults with genetic vulnerability to dementia and accelerated decline may benefit from careful monitoring of vascular risk factors directly associated with cerebral amyloid burden and indirectly with plasma aβ 42/40.
The Computations Underlying Religious Conversion: A Bayesian Decision Model
Authors: Rigoli Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Inspired by recent Bayesian interpretations about the psychology underlying religion, the paper introduces a theory proposing that religious conversion is shaped by three factors: (i) novel relevant information, experienced in perceptual or in social form (e.g., following interaction with missionaries); (ii) changes in the utility (e.g., expressed in an opportunity to raise in social rank) associated with accepting a new religious creed; and (iii) prior beliefs, favouring religious faiths that, although new, still remain consistent with entrenched cultural views (resulting in the phenomenon of syncretism). From the theory, a multifactorial picture of conversion emerges. Based on which factor is primarily engaged in each case, a classification of different types of conversion can be derived, with a remarkable fit with empirical literature. The theory offers a description of the processes underlying religious conversion and, highlighting the links among apparently incompatible previous views, it reconciles these views within a unifying framework.