bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of bias tools for medication adherence research: RoBIAS and RoBOAS
Authors: Sinnappah Klarissa A. , Hughes Dyfrig A. , Stocker Sophie L. , Wright Daniel F. B. ,   ESPACOMP the International Society for Medication Adherence
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsAn unbiased means of documenting medication‐taking is important to ensure quality evidence about adherence research and to accurately identify individuals at risk of suboptimal adherence for the development of targeted and effective interventions. Guidance to assist researchers in the understanding of risk of bias when conducting or reviewing adherence research is currently not available. To address this gap, tools to identify and gauge the magnitude of important biases that may impact adherence research have been developed.MethodsThe Risk of Bias tool for Interventional Adherence Studies (RoBIAS) and the Risk of Bias tool for Observational Adherence Studies (RoBOAS) were constructed from a literature review of key adherence guidelines/frameworks, drafted initially through author consensus. The draft bias tools were piloted and evaluated with expert adherence researchers through an online survey platform to assess the internal consistency and agreement in responses, including gather “free text” feedback to improve the tool's utility.ResultsOf the 121 approached reviewers, only 20 out of the 30 reviewers who consented to participate completed the piloting of the tools. Both tools are structured around four domains relating to: (i) study design, (ii) randomization (RoBIAS tool) and confounding factors (RoBOAS tool), (iii) adherence outcome measurement, and (iv) data analysis. Each domain consists of items/statements, mapped to specific biases relevant to adherence research and study designs, including a domain‐based ranking scale to determine the appropriate risk of bias judgement.ConclusionsThe tools are intended to have utility when systematically reviewing adherence research and to inform the design of future adherence studies.
Evolving trends in acid suppression therapy among patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy: A Nationwide study in South Korea from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Lee Yu Jeong , Je Nam Kyung 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsWe aimed to examine the recent trends in the use of acid suppression therapies, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CABs), in patients undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as aspirin‐clopidogrel following coronary stent implantation in South Korea between 2018 and 2022.MethodsThis observational study analysed data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) on patients who underwent coronary stent implantation and received aspirin‐clopidogrel DAPT. Patients who received acid suppression therapy for >60 days during DAPT were included in the analysis. Trends in the use of PPIs, H2RAs and P‐CABs were assessed at 6‐month intervals using the Cochran–Armitage trend test.ResultsOf the 128 121 patients studied who received DAPT, 61 731 (48.2%) were prescribed acid suppression therapy. The proportion of patients receiving concomitant acid suppressants with DAPT increased from 42.8% in 2018 to 53.8% in 2022. PPIs were the most commonly used therapies (78.9%), followed by H2RAs (14.6%) and P‐CABs (6.5%). PPI use peaked in 2020 and declined thereafter, whereas P‐CAB use steadily increased, surpassing that of H2RA by 2021.ConclusionsThe landscape of acid suppression therapy for patients undergoing DAPT has evolved with a growing preference for P‐CABs. This shift highlights the need for further research comparing the efficacy and safety of acid suppressants to guide clinical decision making.
Efficient and accurate variational inference for multilevel threshold autoregressive models in intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Jiang Depeng , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent technological advancements have enabled the collection of intensive longitudinal data (ILD), consisting of repeated measurements from the same individual. The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model is often used to capture the dynamic outcome process in ILD, with autoregressive parameters varying based on outcome variable levels. For ILD from multiple individuals, multilevel TAR (ML‐TAR) models have been proposed, with Bayesian approaches typically used for parameter estimation. However, fitting ML‐TAR models can be computationally challenging. This study introduces a mean‐field variational Bayes (MFVB) algorithm as an alternative to traditional Bayesian inference. By optimizing to approximate posterior densities, variational Bayes aims to find the best approximation within a defined set of distributions. Simulation results demonstrate that our MFVB algorithm is significantly faster than the standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. Moreover, increasing the number of individuals or time points enhances the accuracy of the parameter estimates using MFVB, suggesting that sufficient data are crucial for accurate estimation in complex models like ML‐TAR models. When applied to real‐world data, the MFVB algorithm was significantly more efficient than MCMC and maintained similar accuracy. Thus, the MFVB algorithm is a faster and more consistent alternative to MCMC for large‐scale inference in ILD models.
Dude, where's my (summer) job? Minimum wages and student employment
Authors: Wright Adam C. , Martin Darius D. , Krieg John M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe use rich administrative data to study employment and income during a period of minimum wage growth in Washington State for a group of workers who may be particularly sensitive to changes in the minimum wage: college students. Using a within‐student estimator and quarterly work records, we consistently find that rising minimum wages are associated with reduced summer employment, the quarter in which students tend to work the most. Students experiencing the largest reductions in employment are those with little or no work experience and non‐local students. This is partially mitigated by students working more during the academic year.
Banning Wildlife Trade Can Boost the Unregulated Trade of Threatened Species
Authors: Kubo Takahiro , Mieno Taro , Uryu Shinya , Terada Saeko , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBanning wildlife trade is an immediate measure to protect species from overexploitation. Yet, regulations on the harvest and use of natural resources might have unintended side effects beyond the policy goals. Few causal inference studies have investigated the consequences of wildlife trade bans. We use the synthetic difference‐in‐differences causal inference approach based on an 11‐year online trade dataset to explore whether trade bans on three threatened species in Japan—giant water bugs (Kirkaldyia deyrolli), Tokyo salamanders (Hynobius tokyoensis), and golden venus chub (Hemigrammocypris neglectus)—have spillover effects on trades of substitutable nonbanned species. We found spillover effects of wildlife trade bans, leading to an increase in sales of nonbanned species in each taxon. This effect lasted over a year only for water bugs. Our results raise concerns about the unintended consequences of trade bans and underscore the importance of additional efforts concerning consumer research, monitoring and enforcement beyond the policy‐targeted species.
Penetration of linezolid and tedizolid in cerebrospinal fluid of mouse and impact of blood–brain barrier disruption
Authors: Lahouati Marin , Oudart Mélanie , Alzieu Philippe , Chapouly Candice , Petitcollin Antoine , Xuereb Fabien 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPenetration of antimicrobial treatments into the cerebrospinal fluid is essential to successfully treat infections of the central nervous system. This penetration is hindered by different barriers, including the blood–brain barrier, which is the most impermeable. However, inflammation may lead to structural alterations of these barriers, modifying their permeability. The impact of blood–brain barrier disruption on linezolid and tedizolid (antibiotics that may be alternatives to treat nosocomial meningitis) penetration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of blood brain barrier disruption on CSF penetration of linezolid and tedizolid. Female C57BI/6 J mice were used. Blood–brain barrier disruption was induced by an intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Linezolid (40 mg/kg) or tedizolid‐phosphate (20 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. All the plasma and CSF samples were analyzed with a validated UPLC‐MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non‐compartmental approach based on the free drug concentration. The penetration ratio from the plasma into the CSF was calculated by the AUC0‐8h (Area Under Curve) ratio (AUC0‐8hCSF/AUC0‐8hplasma). Linezolid penetration ratio was 46.5% in control group and 46.1% in lipopolysaccharide group. Concerning tedizolid, penetration ratio was 5.5% in control group and 15.5% in lipopolysaccharide group. In conclusion, CSF penetration of linezolid is not impacted by blood–brain barrier disruption, unlike tedizolid, whose penetration ratio increased.
Systematic Reviews on the Management of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation—An Umbrella Review
Authors: Conte Daniele Bet , Marquezzan Maria Eduarda , Schneider Luana Roberta , Gauer Ana Paula Maihack , Cattapan Luciano , Corralo Vanessa da Silva , Rodrigues‐Junior Sinval Adalberto 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDry mouth is moderately prevalent in the older population. Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological alternatives have been assessed to manage its manifestation. This umbrella review synthesised the evidence on approaches to managing xerostomia and hyposalivation.Material and MethodsWe searched for systematic reviews of interventions to manage dry mouth in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, PubMed, Prospero and DARE databases (up to September 2023). References were managed and selected by reading titles and abstracts using Rayyan QCRI. Selection of studies, data extraction and methodological quality assessment (AMSTAR 2) were conducted independently, in duplicate. Data were extracted to a previously tested form that included information about dry mouth causes, interventions, outcomes and findings.ResultsThere were 3323 records. At the end of the selection process, 48 studies were included and had data extracted. Only three high‐quality systematic reviews were found to support methods for managing dry mouth. Limited evidence suggests that topical therapies offer significant palliative or stimulating effects for relieving dry mouth symptoms. Furthermore, low‐quality evidence indicates a slight increase in saliva production with acupuncture, dry mouth prevention with amifostine, and saliva stimulation using pilocarpine in patients who have undergone head and neck radiotherapy.ConclusionSalivary substitutes and stimulants mostly acted as moisturisers and some as saliva stimulants, with short‐term effect. More than 80% of the reviews were appraised as ‘critically low’ quality. Well‐designed and well‐reported systematic reviews are still needed to increase the level of evidence on dry mouth management methods.Protocol RegistrationProspero Registration CRD42022325854
Metacognition, philosophy in prisons and the demands of rehabilitation
Authors: Gois Isabel , Kane Eddie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article sets out the case for providing regular philosophy sessions in prisons by focusing on its role in improving metacognition. We start by drawing attention to an important body of research on metacognition that is relevant to supporting prisoners in transitioning towards more prosocial lifestyles, as well as navigating the complexities of life both during and post‐incarceration. We then make the case for offering philosophy programmes in prisons in order to help nurture and develop metacognitive skills in this population.
Clear scalp, clear mind: Examining the beneficial impact of dandruff reduction on physical, emotional and social wellbeing
Authors: Newton‐Fenner A. , Roberts H. , Scott M. , Jones T. , Collins L. , Godbehere A. , Giesbrecht T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveDandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the chronic shedding of large clumps of epidermal cells. Alongside negative physical symptoms, dandruff is thought to have a detrimental impact on individuals' mental health. The aim of this study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of using an anti‐dandruff shampoo (ADS) will result in improved psychological wellbeing in individuals suffering from dandruff. Further, this study aimed to investigate whether this improvement would manifest in changes in self‐esteem and confidence behaviours.MethodsA 4‐week dandruff reduction intervention was implemented using a Piroctone Olamine ADS formulation. The control group continued to use their non‐ADS. Self‐evaluation metrics, including the Scalpdex, State Self‐Esteem Scale and self‐perceived hair and scalp characteristics questionnaires, were employed to measure changes in self‐perceptions of hair and scalp health and psychological wellbeing. Following this analysis, the dataset was then combined with unpublished internal data of a similar intervention study using a Zinc Pyrithione ADS formulation. A mediation analysis was conducted on the combined data to examine the relationship between dandruff symptoms, emotions, and overall behavioural functioning.ResultsFirst, the ADS effectively reduced the clinical symptoms of dandruff. Second, Scalpdex scores indicated that the use of ADS, compared to non‐ADS, lessened the adverse effects of dandruff on symptom perception and emotional distress. Third, the impact of dandruff on behavioural functioning diminished over time, and measures of confidence, scalp comfort and scalp health improved over time, irrespective of product type. Fourth, there was no change in measures of self‐esteem for either shampoo. Subsequently, the mediation analysis revealed that across both studies, ADS treatment improved symptoms, emotional wellbeing, and functioning ratings on the Scalpdex questionnaire. Importantly, it also found that improvements in physical symptoms of dandruff improved behavioural functioning indirectly, via its mediating effect on scalp‐related emotional wellbeing.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that reducing dandruff's physical symptoms directly enhanced emotional well‐being related to scalp and hair, and indirectly improved overall daily functioning. These findings suggest that addressing dandruff symptoms not only increases physical comfort but also positively impacts individuals' mental and emotional health, and their ability to function in their daily lives.
Anti‐skin aging effects of Gosori liquor lees extract by regulating interactions between senescent fibroblasts and adipose‐derived stem cells
Authors: Woo Jieun , Ji Hyanggi , Jeon Kyungeun , Kim Hongbae , Yoon Sohyun , Hwang Yunhee , Cho Eunae , Park Deokhoon , Jung Eunsun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhen cellular ageing is accelerated by various extrinsic/endogenous stimuli, regenerative function deteriorates, and enriched secretomes, such as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), contribute to chronic inflammation and cause matrix degeneration. SASPs from senescent fibroblasts exacerbate cellular senescence via autocrine signalling and also accelerate skin ageing through the induction of neighbouring cell senescence via paracrine signalling. The interaction between dermis fibroblasts and their neighbours, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the hypodermis, which lies deep in the dermis, is a potential target for skin ageing. In this study, we observed that an extract of the lees of Gosori liquor (GLE), a traditional Korean liquor made by fermenting millet and rice, suppressed the senescence of fibroblasts, including SASP production, in a replicative senescent model. We further examined whether the anti‐ageing effects of GLE on fibroblasts affected the cellular senescence of their surrounding cells, ADSCs. The results showed that senescence factors in ADSCs were suppressed by culture medium from senescent fibroblasts (SF‐CM) treated with GLE compared to the SF‐CM‐only treated group. Furthermore, the regenerative ability of ADSCs was promoted in the GLE‐treated SF‐CM group. ADSC migration was stimulated by upregulating the levels of α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen type I alpha 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Those results indicate that GLE can exert regenerative ability by regulating fibroblasts, and adipocyte interactions, improving cellular senescence. We conducted a clinical trial of subjects over 45 years of age to confirm the anti‐ageing effects of GLE in vivo and observed changes in ageing parameters, such as skin wrinkles and volume on the face (IRB No. DM‐IRB‐2023‐809‐01‐T1). The results showed that GLE‐containing cream was more effective in improving skin wrinkles, elasticity, density, thickness, and volume around sunken eyes after 4 weeks of use than placebo. In conclusion, GLE plays an important role in inhibiting the ageing transition to ADSCs by inhibiting the senescence of fibroblasts and can be a promising anti‐ageing strategy.
Self‐Management Behaviours in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: What Role Do Health Beliefs Play?
Authors: Hu Huiling , Xu Anqi , Wang Zhenqing , Gao Chao , Wu Xue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeSelf‐management is the intrinsically controlled ability of an active, responsible, informed and autonomous individual to live with the medical, role and emotional consequences of his chronic conditions in partnership with his social network and the healthcare providers. This study evaluated the self‐management behaviours of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and assess the association between health beliefs and self‐management behaviours.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study investigated 269 rheumatoid arthritis patients' self‐management behaviours using the Self‐Care Behaviours Scale with a score of 0–4 for each item and a total score of 0–100 points, and health beliefs using the Arthritis Health Belief Inventory with a score of 1–5 for each item and a total score of 0–165 points. Structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood method was used to explore the mediating effect of health beliefs.ResultsThe patients' mean score for self‐management behaviours was at the intermediate level (2.49 ± 0.60). Sex, marital status, per capita monthly income, payment of medical expenses, social status, disease staging, duration of morning stiffness, joint pain score, treatment, receiving health education, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cue to action and health motivation were significant predictors of the average score of self‐management behaviour of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action and health motivation directly affected self‐management behaviours; perceived severity influenced self‐management behaviours through the mediating effect of cues to action; and health motivation affected self‐management behaviours through the chain mediating effect of perceived benefits and cues to action.ConclusionSelf‐management behaviour of rheumatoid arthritis patients was at a moderate level, and health beliefs can effectively explain the differences in self‐management behaviour scores. Health providers should pay attention to patients with different sociodemographic characteristics and disease‐related characteristics, evaluate their health belief level, and develop targeted intervention measures to further improve patients' self‐management behaviour level and improve their disease prognosis.
Effects of Sensory‐Based Interventions on Delirium Prevention in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Xu Chenli , Zhang Yan , Yuan Dajiang , Wang Cuiling , Wang Xiaoru , Liang Xiaojuan , Wang Junli , Duan Junfang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify, appraise and synthesize current evidence on different sensory‐based interventions on delirium prevention in critically ill patients.Data SourcesA comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and WeiPu databases from inception to 2 June 2022. The data were updated on 24 December 2022. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42021254328).Review MethodsRandomized controlled trials were included. Participants in the included studies were critically ill patients aged 18 years or older, and the interventions involved care by sensory‐based intervention. And the outcome was the incidence of delirium rated by the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU Tool.ResultsThe 14 studies included in the systematic review indicated a reduction in the effectiveness of sensory‐based intervention on the incidence of delirium. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects for auditory stimulation (OR, 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27–0.79; p = 0.005) and tactile stimulation (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.87; p = 0.01) but not for the effectiveness of visual intervention on the incidence of delirium (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.38–1.30; p = 0.27).ConclusionsSensory‐based interventions significantly reduce the incidence of delirium in critical patients. It is suggested that when choosing sensory‐based interventions, auditory intervention should be preferred.
‘Wisdom Is Knowledge Plus Experience’: Qualitative Study of Lived Experience and Researcher Perspectives on Suicide Research Co‐Production
Authors: Krysinska Karolina , Ozols Ingrid , Fraser Trisnasari , Banfield Michelle , Hawgood Jacinta , Kõlves Kairi , Ross Victoria , McGrath Martina , Edwards Bronwen , Andriessen Karl 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe need for involvement of people with lived experience of suicide in the conduct of suicide research and intervention has been recognised in research and policy. However, there is limited understanding and guidance on how to support their genuine and safe engagement in suicide research. This qualitative study considered the perspectives of 19 people with lived experience of suicide, and 17 researchers engaged in suicide‐related research to explore their needs, expectations and experience of co‐produced suicide‐related research. Data was collected between October and December 2020 via semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (1) towards co‐production, (2) power imbalances, (3) heterogeneity of lived experience, (4) enhancing safety and (5) value of co‐production. Participants considered lived experience involvement at all stages of research to improve research impact and outcomes. However, persisting power imbalances were experienced by participants and participatory approaches did not always align with existing research systems and organisational structures. Complexities identified by participants related to accommodating different skills, experiences and social identities of those with a lived experience perspective and balancing safeguarding principles with strength‐based approaches that may capitalise on participants' existing strengths. Delphi guidelines developed from an associated consensus study on active involvement of people with lived experience of suicide in suicide research address some of the concerns mentioned by study participants and form a useful resource to guide future research endeavours.