bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exactly Solvable Initial-Boundary Value Problems with Moving Boundaries for Variable Parametric Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Type Equations
Authors: Serdal Aylin B. , Büyükaşık Şirin A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An initial-boundary value problem for the convection-diffusion-reaction equation Φt = (1/2μ(t))Φxx − [a(t) − b(t)x] Φx + μ(t) [(ω2(t)/2)x2 − f(t)x + f0(t)] Φ, with variable coefficients and Dirichlet boundary condition imposed at the boundary x = s(t), is considered in a time-dependent semi-infinite interval s(t) < x < ∞. It is shown that, if the boundary of the interval propagates according to an associated classical equation of motion determined by the time-dependent parameters, then the initial-boundary value problem can be solved analytically. For this, a nonlinear Riccati type dynamical system that simultaneously determines the solution of the problem and the moving boundary is solved by a linearization procedure. Then, Green's function and integral representation of the solution to the convection-diffusion-reaction problem with a moving boundary is obtained in terms of a classical diffusion problem on the fixed half-line. This allows the construction of exactly solvable models with moving boundaries that appear in various fields of science and engineering. Here two concrete models are introduced: a convection-diffusion model with time and space variable coefficients; and a convection-diffusion-reaction problem with constant diffusion, time-periodic convection and a reaction coefficient that is quadratic in position. For each model, families of exact solutions corresponding to different types of initial data and homogeneous boundary conditions are derived explicitly and their dynamics are discussed according to the influence of the time-variable parameters and the prescribed moving boundaries.
MSC Classification: 35R37 , 35K20 , 35C05 , 35C15 , 35K57
Genetic diversity of longjack (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) distributed in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
Authors: Van Thi Yen , Nguyen Hoang Loc , Morgentern Kristin , Tran Nam Thang , Krabel Doris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Longjack (E. longifolia Jack) is one of the important medicinal plants, distributed naturally in the mountainous and sandy areas of Vietnam. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity within and among four longjack populations in Thua Thien Hue with a total of 276 individuals based on the markers as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), start codon targeted (SCoT), and branch point single sequences (BPS). The analysis of polymorphic information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), marker index (MI), and resolving power (Rp) showed markers SCoT and BPS are more informative than RAPD markers. Combining the data of these markers indicated that genetic diversity (He) and Shannon index (I) are relatively low, at only 0.17 and 0.28, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation was greater within populations than between them, 89% vs 11%. A Bayesian cluster analysis (STRUCTURE) showed the number of genetic groups was two (K = 2), similar to the results of Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and Ward’s method. The Mantel test also exhibited a positive correlation of the geographical, elevational factors, morphological characteristics with the genetic variation.
Causal Networks and Complex Systems in Archaeology
Authors: Palacios Olga , Barceló Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifficulties surrounding the reconstruction of social systems in past communities have propitiated the development of multiple social theories and a variety of approaches to explain archaeological remains. The Bayesian Network approach has proved to be a crucial tool to model uncertainty and probability to estimate parameters and predict the effects of social decisions, even when some data entries are missing. This paper has the principal objective to present a research study centered on exploring how prehistoric early farmers survived in their environmental context by suggesting a causal complex model of a socio-ecological system. To achieve this, two different causal models are proposed, both based on probabilistic Bayesian Networks, one built from expert knowledge and the other learned from ethnoarchaeological data. These models are used to define what variables would have been relevant to the socioeconomic organization of early Neolithic communities and to predict their behavior and social decisions in hypothetical case scenarios. The ultimate outcome is exploring the use of the Bayesian Network for investigating socio-ecological systems and defining its potentialities as a research method.
Design of a distributed offloading and real-time data unified access platform for IoT under command and control communication network
Authors: Yang YiZhuo , Zeng HongJin , Chen TingPing , Lv Meng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development and fusion of IoT and command and control communication networks, the number of computationally intensive applications and heterogeneous devices is rapidly increasing. Edge computing technologies and heterogeneous protocol access technologies can offload computational programs to edge servers and normalize the communication protocols of heterogeneous devices in the network. However, traditional edge computing networks use protocol gateways that can only convert for specific communication protocols, which can cause development costs to rise in the era of IoT and big data. For this reason, how to quickly connect heterogeneous protocol devices to edge computing networks and how to allocate edge server resources more efficiently and fairly are still urgent issues to be addressed. In this paper, we study the joint problem of task offloading and heterogeneous protocol device access under the command and control communication network, derive the gain parameters for task offloading, and propose a set of unified access platform for real-time data, which provides the design function of external protocol data and internal topic data to enable distributed data publishing/subscription function for the whole network. In addition, to improve the efficiency of heterogeneous devices accessing the network, a set of data parsing/encapsulation algorithms is designed on the basis of the real-time data unified access platform to support two kinds of data mapping in both directions. Through experimental verification, the proposed scheme is reasonable and effective.
Epitaxially ferroelectric hexagonal boron nitride on graphene
Authors: Wu Chung-Lin , Wong Sheng-Shong , Lin Zhen-You , Ho Sheng-Zhu , Hsu Chin-En , Li Ping-Hung , Chen Ching-Yu , Huang Yen-Fu , Chen Chia-Hao , Chen Yi-Chun , Hsueh Hung-Chung , Cheng Cheng-Maw 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ferroelectricity in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layers has revolutionized our understanding of the vdW layered coupling, and has been introduced in the domains of moiré superlattice patterns generated by interlayer twisting or sliding. In the smallest limit of thickness, untwisted and epitaxial vdW stacking layers exhibiting ferroelectricity would clearly serve as building blocks for realizing 2D devices with nonvolatile and reconfigurable functionalities. In this study, we grew ferroelectric hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films on single-crystal graphene synthesized on a SiC (0001) substrate using nitrogen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). Systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies and first-principles calculations revealed that the epitaxial mono-, bi-, and tri-layer h-BN films exhibit layer-number-dependent µ-band dispersions due to an AB stacking sequence on a Bernal-stacked graphene substrate. Furthermore, our piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) confirmed the coexistence of robust moiré and sliding ferroelectricity at the well-aligned h-BN/graphene heterojunction and in multilayered h-BN films, respectively. In principle, as-developed epitaxially ferroelectric h-BN is limited only by the size of the crystalline graphene substrate, thereby providing a versatile and scalable 2D ferroelectric platform with promising exotic physics and vdW device applications down to a few atomic layers.
Tuberculoma masquerading as an en plaque Meningioma resulting in a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma; a Case Report
Authors: Mohammed Salhadin , Negash Hanna Assefa , Nedi Addisu , Ayele Christian , Hailemariam Fekadu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Reports of an imaging or pathological diagnosis of en-plaque tuberculoma are limited. To our knowledge, descriptions of en-plaque tuberculoma are limited to a cluster of few cases, and none has been reported from Ethiopia.
Case Presentation: We present a 40-year-old Ethiopian woman, who came to our hospital with a complaint of a one-year history of global-type headache, projectile vomiting, blurring of vision, and diplopia, followed by a change in behavior of four months duration. Apart from obesity, the patient had no family or personal history of chronic illness and denied constitutional symptoms. Her neurological examination was notable for CN VI Palsy and was otherwise unremarkable. Brain MRI done at the time revealed a right frontoparietal dural-based ill-defined contrast-enhancing non-restricting mass likely representing en plaque tumor (meningioma) (with dural and leptomeningeal involvement) while CNS Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis were considered as differential diagnoses. After evaluation by our neurosurgical team, the patient underwent craniotomy and excision, after which the excised mass was sent for a neuropathologic diagnosis. The pathologic section showed fragments of large areas of necrosis, multinucleated giant cells, and well-formed epithelioid granulomas, suggestive of Tuberculosis. Her postoperative course was complicated by eosinophilia, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and renal failure.
Conclusion: The present case describes a 40-year-old female patient with CNS Tuberculosis having an atypical presentation, leading to the entertainment of an alternate diagnosis. This case highlights the fact that TB continues to masquerade as other diseases, even in the 21st century, and a high index of suspicion is needed to rightly diagnose our patients.
Collection techniques of Touch DNA deposited on human skin following a strangulation scenario
Authors: Alketbi Salem Khalifa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Trace DNA is a significant type of evidence for its ability to be collected from touched items or surfaces at crime scenes to link suspects to their crimes. In cases of violent crimes like assault, sexual offences, or even homicide, often touch DNA is collected from the victim’s skin. However, the collection of Touch DNA from the victim's skin can be complex because of the mixture of DNA present, as there is likely to be a small quantity of the offender’s DNA compared to the victim’s DNA. Validating different collection methods or techniques can improve Touch DNA sampling, therefore, this study investigated three collection techniques involving cotton and nylon swabs to test their efficiency for the collection of touch DNA from the human neck. There was a significant difference between the three recovery techniques used to recover Touch DNA with a cotton swab (CS) (p < 0.05) and nylon swab (NS) (p < 0.05), with more alleles observed when the neck skin was moistened with 100 µl of distilled water using spray a bottle before collection for both swabs.
Pathological and immunological responses of calves to Mycoplasma bovis
Authors: Thomas L. H. , Howard C. J. , Parsons K. R. 
Published: March 2023

Mycoplasma bovis was identified in the UK for the first time in association with a severe outbreak of bovine respiratory disease. Subsequently it was shown to cause moderate lesions of arthritis and pneumonia in gnotobiotic calves.
The following paper describes a hitherto unrecognized necrotic lesions caused by M. bovis in the lung parenchyma of gnotobiotic calves; it describes certain features of the immune response to the infection and contrasts the mechanisms of pathogenesis for M. bovis with that of other respiratory mycoplasmas. The paper summarizes some of the work described more fully elsewhere.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis associated skin disease of Holstein cattle in the San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Anderson M. L. , Lean I. J. , Blanchard P. C. 
Published: March 2023

The role of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in diseases of sheep and goats, particularly caseous lymphadenitis, is well recognized. However, there are few reports in the North American literature of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis causing diseases of cattle. There is a case report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis associated with otitis media in feedlot cattle but there are no reports of its association with skin disease of cattle. By contrast, the Egyptian literature contains many case reports of an "oedematous skin" disease which occurs primarily in buffalo, but which has also been reported in cattle. Edematous skin disease is associated with C. pseudotuberculosis.
In this report the clinical findings are described for a herd that was affected by an outbreak of severe skin disease associated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Pathology, microbiology and treatment of this condition are discussed. Herd outbreaks of this condition appear to be not uncommon in the San Joaquin Valley based on records of the California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System at Tulare (CVDLS) which record seven additional herd outbreaks since 1987. Herd outbreaks are characterized by the sudden onset of skin lesions in a number of animals. All outbreaks have occurred between October and February. The condition is severe and results in losses due to culling, treatment costs and problems with milking parlor cleanliness and disinfection.
Rapid detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus antigens by use of a commercial enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Rodgers Sandra J. , Baldwin Charles A. 
Published: March 2023

Diagnosis of infections with BRSV have previously been limited to histopathologic descriptions of atypical interstitial pneumonia with microscopic lesions of large, multinucleated giant cells and syncytial cells in the lung. False negative fluorescent antibody (FA) tests on tissue sections may be a result of a viral infection of only superficial bronchial cells. Virus isolation is even a less successful method of identification than FA with a report in one study of 1.7% positive isolations. Most isolates require numerous subpassaging before a cytopathic effect is noticed, but even after numerous passages, the viral titers remain low. Another method for identifying current infections with BRSV is the indirect fluorescent antibody on paired sera to detect a rise in antibody titer. New rapid assays for diagnosing human respiratory syncytial virus have been compared to the slower and less sensitive conventional methods of serology and viral isolation.
The enzyme immunoassays have been found to be a highly sensitive and specific technique for the identification of human respiratory syncytial virus antigens. The antigenic similarities between bovine and human respiratory syncytial virus allowed the use of the human assay for the detection of the bovine virus. The Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory evaluated the Abbott TestPack® RSV, which requires less than 30 minutes, and compared it to the slower determinations of virology, necropsy, histopathology and bacteriology.
Studies on the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cows
Authors: Holtenius Paul , Hjort Maj 
Published: March 2023

Increased fat mobilization in early lactation in cows is described by many authors. Energy deficit in connection with the start of milk secretion is considered to be of importance as cause of the lipolysis. One consequence of increased mobilization of body fat can be development of a fatty liver.
In an in vitro of lipid metabolism in bovine adipose tissue McNamara and Hillers have shown that there is an adaptation in prepartum. There is a strong reduction in lipogenesis and esterification and increase in norepinephrine- and epinephrine-stimulated free fatty acid release. The lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue decreases and increases in the mammary gland. This metabolic shift precedes the energy demand for lactation and is stimulated by prolactin and inhibited by progesterone. At two months postpartum there is a dramatic rebound in lipogenesis and esterification.
Besides the increased transport of fatty acids to the liver near partus, decreased removal of fat from the liver can be of importance in the development of fatty liver. The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the pathogenesis of fatty liver in cows by analysing serum lipoproteins and plasma lipids in normal cows round partus on different prepartum feeding and in cows with fatty liver.
Computer optimization planning
Authors: Evans Gary R. 
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss some recent developments in automating the analytical process and improving the decision making process in ranch operations. In this paper I will discuss some aspects of the computer based analytical model "COPLAN," describe how it is applied specifically to cow-calf operations and conclude with a discussion about how several computer programs including "CO PLAN" can be used in an integrated ranch information system for the cow-calf operation.
Ranch management planning has normally been accomplished through traditional planning procedures. First the planning problem is identified, then the available resources are inventorized. Second, the resources are evaluated in relation to the present operation. Third, alternative management strategies are developed depending on the goals of the manager. Fourth, the strategies are compared and the most acceptable management strategy is finally selected. Fifth and finally, the selected strategy is implemented.
Further obervations on the use of Iα-Hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of bovine partutrient paresis
Authors: Bar A. , Hurwitz S. , Sachs M. 
Published: March 2023

Varying doses of lahydroxycholecalciferol (lα-HCC) (50, 150, 250 and 350 micrograms) in propylene glycol were injected intramuscularly into 30 dry adult Israeli Friesian cows. Four of these animals received a second dose (250 or 350 Hg) 48 hours later or ten (350 Hg) 72 hours after the first dose.
The effective use of this derivative in practice depends, therefore, on the accurate prediction of calving. Furthermore, the minimal effective dose has not been determined. In the present study, dose response curves to lαHCC were obtained, and parturition induction by flumethasone has been tried in an effort to overcome the difficult problem of timing.
Metabolic disorders in farm animals
Authors: International Conference on Production Diseases  
Published: March 2023

Paper selected from the Proceedings of the IV International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals, Munich Germany, October, 1980.
"Disorders of Thiamine Metabolism in Young Ruminants"
"Genetic Influences on the values of Metabolites and Enzymes in the Blood of Dairy Cows"
"Use of the Computer in the Study of Metabolic Disorders of Dairy Cows"
"Liver Metabolism in the Dairy Cow: Problems Involved in meeting the Demands of High Productivity"
"Fatty Liver in Dairy Cows—Incidence, Severity, Pathology and Functional Consequences"
"The Low Milkfat Syndrome: Some Metabolic Consequences of High Grain Restricted Roughage Rations"
"Metabolic Disorders Associated with Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia in Grass Tetany in Ruminants"
"The Effect of Different Selenium Supplementations to Cattle"
Clinical assessment of veal calf units
Authors: De Visser Nicandra A. P. C. 
Published: March 2023

Concentrating large numbers of very young animals in a small area often results in a high risk to their health. Veal calves are no exception to this rule. When there are outbreaks of diseases the attending local practitioner must face two problems at the same time. On the one hand he is confronted with many sick calves with all their individual variations. On the other hand he has to deal with an impatient fattener who requests an immediate diagnosis and treatment.
In order to make a proper diagnosis for an entire unit the veterinarian should examine the unit as a whole and thoroughly examine some of the individual calves showing the characteristic symptoms.
The purpose of this paper is to provide veterinary practitioners with an outline for a systematic investigation of veal calf units.
Milking equipment components, function, and evaluation
Authors: Boyer Fred E. 
Published: March 2023

Few dairymen will deny that the most costly disease which they observe in their cows is mastitis. Bovine mastitis, although by no means a newly recognized disease is surrounded by more confusion on the means of control than any other disease. It has always been necessary to determine the cause of a disease before control measures can be developed. Therein lies the problem of bovine mastitis. All the years of research have only confirmed the complexity of the disease and its many etiological agents.
Although it has many etiological causes, it is basically caused by an interplay between mechanical forces (milking machine) and bacterial infection. Nutrition, heredity, and environment may also be involved but not to the extent of the previous two factors.
The role of the milking machine in mastitis is threefold. First, it acts as a vector in transmission of the organism involved. Secondly, it causes trauma which is necessary to incite many forms of the disease. Thirdly, it actively injects bacteria into the gland under certain circumstances.
Heifer mastitis
Authors: Sears Philip M. , Wilson David J. 
Published: March 2023

In recent years, awareness of the prevalence of heifer mastitis has increased. More research and practical effort on farms is being devoted to heifer mastitis.
Attempts to measure prevalence of mastitis in heifers have primarily utilized cultures of quarters of animals at various stages of life until their first calving. It is apparent that not all intramammary infections of heifers become a serious case of production disease.
Effect of modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 vaccine on performance, health, temperature, and behavior response in high-risk beef heifer calves
Authors: White Brad J. , Theurer Miles E. , Goehl Dan R. , Thompson Peggy E. 
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to determine performance, health, vaginal temperature, and behavior differences in calves vaccinated upon feedlot arrival with a multivalent modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine which included bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 antigen and calves vaccinated with a vaccine which did not include BVOV type 2. Eightythree beef heifer calves were randomly assigned to receive a multivalent MLV vaccine containing either bovine herpesvirus-1, BVDV type 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza type-3 virus (n = 42; 4-WAY), or a MLVvaccine of similar formulation which also contained a BVDV type 2 antigen (n = 41; 5-WAY). Performance outcomes were evaluated at 30 and 60 days. Vaginal temperatures were evaluated hourly and daily. Cattle behavior activity was monitored with a real-time location system. Calves in the 5-WAY group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.026) at 60 days, excluding dead animals, compared to 4-WAY group. Treatment group was not associated with vaginal temperature. Calves in 5-WAY spent a greater (P ~ 0.01) amount of time at the feed bunk on days 0, 2, 3, and 4 compared to 4-WAY. Results of this study indicate no adverse effects from administering an additional strain of BVOV type 2 to high-risk heifers. Behavioral responses indicate a potential advantage to administer 5-WAY vaccine compared to 4-WAY vaccine.