bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Tree-Ring Growth in Cold Climates
Authors: Shishov Vladimir V. , Arzac Alberto , Popkova Margarita I. , Yang Bao , He Minhui , Vaganov Eugene A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe medium- and long-term projections of global climate models show the effects of global warming will be most pronounced in cold climate areas, especially in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The consequences could involve a higher probability of global natural disasters and a higher uncertainty as to plant response to climate risk. In this chapter, we describe life under a cold climate, particularly in relation to forest ecosystems, species distribution, and local conditions in the Northern Hemisphere. We analyze recent climate trends and how the ongoing and future climate changes can affect the sensitivity of conifer species, the most common tree form in the boreal regions. We combine experimental data and theoretical process-based simulations involving tree-ring width, tree-ring density, and wood anatomy. This combined approach permits assessing a longer tree-ring record that overlaps with direct instrumental climate observations. The latter are currently experiencing the divergence problem in which tree-ring growth has diverged from the trends of the main climatic drivers. Given that most process-based models are multidimensional, the parameterization described in this chapter is key for obtaining reliable tree growth simulations connected with a site-specific climate, tree species, and the individual trajectory of tree development. Our approach combining experimental and theoretical approaches in xylogenesis is of interest to forest ecologists, physiologists, and wood anatomists.
Plantation Forestry, Tree Breeding, and Novel Tools to Support the Sustainable Management of Boreal Forests
Authors: Thiffault Nelson , Lenz Patrick R. N. , Hjelm Karin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuccessful stand regeneration is one of the keystone elements of sustainable forest management. It ensures that ecosystems submitted to stand-replacing disturbances return to a forested state so that they can maintain the provision of wood fiber, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services. This chapter describes how plantation forestry, including tree breeding, and novel tools, such as genomic selection, can support the sustainable management of boreal forests in the face of climate change by, among other benefits, reducing management pressure on natural forests and favoring ecosystem restoration.
Silviculture of Mixed-Species and Structurally Complex Boreal Stands
Authors: Raymond Patricia , Löf Magnus , Comeau Phil , Rytter Lars , Girona Miguel Montoro , Puettmann Klaus J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding structurally complex boreal stands is crucial for designing ecosystem management strategies that promote forest resilience under global change. However, current management practices lead to the homogenization and simplification of forest structures in the boreal biome. In this chapter, we illustrate two options for managing productive and resilient forests: (1) the managing of two-aged mixed-species forests; and (2) the managing of multi-aged, structurally complex stands. Results demonstrate that multi-aged and mixed stand management are powerful silvicultural tools to promote the resilience of boreal forests under global change.
Strategies for the Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest Facing Climate Change
Authors: Kuuluvainen Timo , Nummi Petri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe large-scale simplification of boreal forest ecosystem structure, composition, and processes to boost timber production, combined with the increasing pressure of climate change, has created an urgent need to restore forest biodiversity and resilience. However, the issue of restoration is relatively new in boreal forests, and there are no established strategies to guide restoration planning and action. Here we provide an overview of suggested strategic concepts and approaches for boreal forest ecosystem restoration and discuss their applicability to various situations. The key strategic questions in restoration for attaining a favorable conservation status of native ecosystem types and their intrinsic dynamics in a given area are: what, how much, and when to restore? We conclude that adaptive capacity should serve as an overarching strategic framework in boreal forest restoration during times of rapid climate change.
Forest Certification in Boreal Forests: Current Developments and Future Directions
Authors: McDermott Constance L. , Elbakidze Marine , Teitelbaum Sara , Tysiachniouk Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForest certification has expanded rapidly in boreal forests as a means to verify responsible management. It was spearheaded in the early 1990s by civil society organizations concerned about the negative impacts of industrial forestry on biodiversity and the rights of Indigenous and local communities. Certification standards are agreed by multistakeholder groups and outline a set of environmental and social requirements. Forest companies that meet those standards can put a green label on their wood products, thus gaining market recognition for good forest practice. This chapter reviews the particular challenges facing certification in the boreal region and the ongoing debates about how best to address those challenges. It examines differences between certification schemes and variations in requirements across world regions on key issues, such as protecting the rights of Indigenous and local communities and management of woodland caribou. It finds, for example, that the recognition and protection of Indigenous rights are more comprehensive in Canada than in Russia. This highlights the political and dynamic nature of certification as it evolves and adapts to changing social and environmental contexts.
Public Participation at a Crossroads: Manipulation or Meaningful Engagement in the Boreal Region
Authors: Parkins John R. , Sinclair A. John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvances in public participation are stimulated by multiple drivers, including public concern for environmental degradation, conflict between forest users, Indigenous rights, and international agreements. Yet, with many notable advances, innovation has stagnated, and the quality of participatory processes in forest management is highly variable. The body of evidence to date demonstrates weaknesses in the design and implementation of participatory processes. With examples from Europe and North America, in this chapter we note that public engagement is often mostly about legitimating predefined plans and policies, narrow technical discussions that malign the inherently political nature of forest management, and participants that are not representative of the general public. To move beyond these challenges, we propose several changes, including technological innovations such as web-based and emerging social media platforms and institutional innovations such as episodic and punctuated modes of engagement that are part of an overall participation plan.
Remote Sensing at Local Scales for Operational Forestry
Authors: Vepakomma Udayalakshmi , Cormier Denis , Hansson Linnea , Talbot Bruce 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe success of current and future forest management, particularly when dealing with triggered changes stemming from extreme climate change–induced events, will require prompt, timely, and reliable information obtained at local scales. Remote sensing platforms and sensors have been evolving, emerging, and converging with enabling technologies that can potentially have an enormous impact in providing reliable decision support and making forest operations more coherent with climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives.
Sustainable Seafood Consumption: A Matter of Individual Choice or Global Market? A Window into Dublin’s Seafood Scene
Authors: Scherer Cordula , Cretella Agnese 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeafood consumption is considered a key element for food security and for nutrition related policies. However, seafood is often not easily accessible or perceived as a popular option even by those living in close proximity to the sea, especially in the western world. Common culprits are usually identified as a lack of specialized shops, culinary knowledge or as the disconnection with local coastal cultural heritage. This is, for instance, the case in Ireland: Irish waters provide a great diversity of seafood and yet, its domestic consumption remains unusually low for an island nation. Most of Ireland’s seafood is exported to other countries, whilst the Irish stick to the popular salmon, cod and tuna; a consumption habit that has obvious sustainability externalities. This contribution aims to unpack the issues connected to seafood consumption in Ireland’s coastal capital Dublin and offers a window into the city’s seafood scene. Data presented were gained within Food Smart Dublin, a multidisciplinary research project designed to encourage a behavioural shift of consumption towards more sustainable local seafood. The project’s purpose was to reconnect Dublin’s society with their tangible and intangible coastal cultural heritage by rediscovering and adapting historical recipes. The paper thus connects past, present, and future perspectives on the topic. First, the past is explored by delineating the potential of marine historical heritage in stimulating sustainable seafood consumption with the reintroduction of traditional Irish recipes. The present offers a data snapshot on consumption patterns towards seafood gathered from structured online questionnaires results from the Food Smart Dublin project. Respondents offered insights into their relationship with the sea, on the frequency with which they consume seafood and the obstacles they see in consuming more of it. Finally, these perspectives delineate possible future scenarios and recommended governance actions to support policymakers in designing a better and more sustainable seafood system.
Societal Transformations and Governance Challenges of Coastal Small-Scale Fisheries in the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Salmi Pekka , Arias-Schreiber Milena , Svels Kristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOur chapter adds a northern dimension to the discussion about the past, present and future of small-scale fisheries and their governance. For centuries, extraction of fish resources has been of utmost importance in many coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and small-scale fisheries have survived due to the robustness of the social institutions that have helped them adapt throughout periods of economic and social upheaval. Lately, the fishing livelihood has been undergoing a continuous process of contraction and concentration in terms of vessel numbers and employment. Leisure use of water areas, nature conservation and science-based governance systems have challenged fishers’ access to fish resources. Especially in the northern parts of the Baltic Sea, the viability and future of coastal small-scale fisheries is severely challenged by problems caused by fish-eating animals, mainly grey seals and cormorants. We draw upon interactive governance theory to compare experiences on Finnish and Swedish small-scale fisheries governance. Our conclusion is that the present governance system is incompatible with the small-scale fisheries context, and propose creating new co-governance arrangements where small-scale fishers’ interests, values and local knowledge are better integrated into a governance system.
The Plastic Bag Habit and the Ocean Bali: From Banana Leaf Wrappings to Reusable Bags
Authors: Spranz Roger , Schlüter Achim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pollution of the oceans by plastic waste is a growing threat to marine life, ecosystems, livelihoods of coastal communities and the health of human beings in general. Indonesia is the world’s second largest source of marine plastic pollution. As an island state, plastic litter is regularly flushed into the sea. In this study we explore some behavioural and cultural reasons for the high consumption and pollution by plastic bags on Bali and locally adapted solutions. The data was collected from interviews and surveys with shop owners and customers, religious leaders, students, lecturers and activists during 3 years of research in the region. The analysis is structured in three parts: first, understanding the relevant concepts that inform Balinese perception of the natural environment; second, analysing the popularity and aversions among local Balinese in regard to plastic bags; third, investigating a local initiative working towards a ban of plastic bags. Based on these three parts we identified promising approaches that can effectively support local initiatives and awareness campaigns.
Knowing the Ocean: Epistemic Inequalities in Patterns of Science Collaboration
Authors: Hornidge Anna-Katharina , Partelow Stefan , Knopf Kerstin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOcean governance requires us to know the ocean. However, the knowledge systems that have shaped how and why we know the current ocean have been historically limited. In the present, they often subdue other knowledge systems that, if and when recognized and included into governing processes, not only move towards social justice and inclusion but can also improve decision-making and practical outcomes. The concept of epistemic inequalities encapsulates the disparities between different ways of knowing and their influence in ocean governance. For example, since the rise of colonial Europe, European-centric white male ideologies have long dominated global development practices. Within science, some disciplines have substantially more power than others, represented by funding and policy influence. In turn, local and indigenous knowledge systems, feminist ideologies and a broader range of highly valuable ways of knowing and doing in the sciences are far from equally participating in shaping ocean development discourses, decision-making and governance processes affecting the future of ocean sustainability. This chapter provides a theoretical basis for unpacking such epistemic inequalities in ocean governance, and thus setting a foundation for critically reflecting on the context and knowledge within the chapters of this book.
Managing Fish or Governing Fisheries? An Historical Recount of Marine Resources Governance in the Context of Latin America – The Ecuadorian Case
Authors: Barragán-Paladines María José , Schoon Michael , D’Escury Winny Collot , Chuenpagdee Ratana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe narratives and images about ocean and its resources governance, their use and value have deep roots in human history. Traditionally, the contemporary images of fish and fisheries have been shaped under the cultural construction of power, wealth and exclusion, and also as one of poverty and marginalization. This perception was formed on early notions of natural (marine) resources access and use that were born within the colonial machinery that ruled the world from the Middle Ages until late XVII. This research explores the historical overview of marine resources usage and governance in Latin America, from a ‘critical approach to development’ perspective, by following a narrative description based on a ‘three-acts’ format. It illustrates how and to what extent politics, power and knowledge have deeply influenced policies and practices at exploring the marine and terrestrial resources and at managing fish and seafood, historically, and how the fisheries resources’ management practices are influenced by principles of appropriation, regulation and usage, put in place already in the XV century that were imposed at the conquering and colonization of the Americas, disregarded previous governance practices. This article argues that fisheries governance cannot be improved without some appreciation for the social, historical, geopolitical, and cultural significance of the fishing resources themselves, of the perceptions of them by humans, and of the interactions Global North-Global South. The analysis also opens the dialogue about what kind of ocean and governance “science” we want, to support decisions, policies and practices regarding fisheries governance. Final thoughts highlight a reflection about whose knowledge is created and used to support decision and policy making in Ecuador.
Making Marine Spatial Planning Matter
Authors: Flannery Wesley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has become one of the key components of marine governance. In the European Union, member states are working towards the development of their first plans under the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive. Internationally, UNESCO and the European Commission have launched their MSP Global initiative to speed up the implementation of MSP around the world. MSP is also framed as being a key mechanism for sustainably realising the benefits of the Blue Economy and emerging Green Deals. During this same period, however, a substantial body of critical academic work has emerged that questions whether the implementation of MSP will transform unsustainable marine governance and management practices. This scholarship illustrates that the current trajectory of many MSP initiatives is to preserve the status quo and that they fail to adequately address longstanding marine governance issues. Drawing on Flyvbjerg’s vital treatise on phronetic social science, this chapter will explore: where is MSP going; who gains and loses, and how they do so; is this desirable, and if not, what can be done to make MSP matter? I particularly focus on mechanisms of winning and losing, characterising them as key tensions in MSP processes that can be unsettled to make MSP more transformative.
Managing Land Sea Interactions: Case Studies of Coastal Governance in Four EU Member States
Authors: Lawlor Paul , Depellegrin Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnder the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, EU member states are committed to delivering Good Environmental Status in EU marine and coastal areas but the risk of damage from land based pollutants is rising, along with increased economic uses and activities in marine and coastal areas. While it is accepted that land sea interactions need to be managed, and uses and activities in our marine and coastal areas must be regulated, the complexity and dynamic nature of land sea connections create challenges for governance systems. This chapter reviews the marine and coastal management systems in operation in Ireland, Romania, Spain and France. Using relevant case studies at national, sub national and local level, we assess their capacity to manage complex and dynamic land sea interactions. We further examine their ability to achieve integrated, multiscalar and cross sectoral governance of their marine and coastal areas. Recommendations to assist EU member states who are developing marine and coastal governance systems are also provided.
Electromechanical In Silico Testing Alters Predicted Drug-Induced Risk to Develop Torsade de Pointes
Authors: Busatto Anna , Krauß Jonathan , Kruithof Evianne , Arevalo Hermenegild , Herck Ilse van 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTorsade de Pointes (TdP) is a type of ventricular tachycardia that can occur as a side effect of several medications. The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) is a novel testing paradigm that utilizes single cell electrophysiological simulations to predict TdP risk for drugs that could potentially be used clinically. However, the effects on mechanical performance and mechano-electrical feedback are neglected. Here, we demonstrate that including electromechanical simulations in CiPA testing can provide additional insights into the predicted drug-induced TdP risk. In this work, we analyzed six drugs, namely flecainide, ibutilide, metronidazole, mexiletine, quinidine and ranolazine. We compared previously classified risks (low, intermediate, high) with our fully coupled electromechanical simulation results based upon the action potential, the electromechanical window, and the maximum active tension [1]. For ranolazine and metronidazole the predicted risk changed from low to intermediate and intermediate to high, respectively. For the latter, while electrophysiological markers indicated a low risk, the active tension decreased by 58% which can result in a loss of heart function. Therefore, adding mechanics to CiPA testing results in an altered prediction of drug-related TdP risk.
Inducing Flow Instabilities in Aneurysm Geometries via the Reynolds-Orr Method
Authors: Contri Alessandro , Taylor Christina , Tso Justin , Gjerde Ingeborg 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRuptured intracranial aneurysms are the leading cause of hemorrhagic strokes. Although intracranial aneurysms are prevalent in as much as 4% of the adult population, most aneurysms do not rupture, and their growth and risk of rupture remains difficult to predict. Previous studies have identified abnormal wall shear stress patterns and blood pressure spikes, both features of unstable flows, as key factors in aneurysm behavior. While computational fluid dynamics has been enlisted to help study risk of rupture, no consensus has been established on how to impose unstable flow conditions. Here, we use Reynolds-Orr instability analysis to calculate flow perturbations that are capable of inducing unstable flow in 3D arterial geometries with and without aneurysms. These perturbations lay the foundation for future wall shear stress studies by providing mathematically consistent conditions for time-dependent Navier-Stokes simulations.
Impact of Pathological Vascular Remodelling on Right Ventricular Mechanics
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Domingo Mariluz Rojo , Konno Ryan , Manetti Claudia A , Kagugube George , Odeigah Oscar , Sundnes Joakim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, often followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. The effect of PAH and its treatments on the mechanics, function, and remodelling of the right ventricle (RV) is currently not well understood. To study cardiac biomechanics and functionality as PAH progresses, we implemented a computational model of the heart simulating right ventricular maladaptive remodelling. Our Windkessel-based model, which accounts for direct ventricular interaction and the presence of the pericardium, is utilized to simulate various disease stages of PAH. We find that the pericardium has a larger effect on heart performance than ventricular interaction through the septum.We also examined the effectiveness of two treatments, ventricular assist device (RVAD) and atrial septostomy, on diseased hearts. We show that while both pulsatile and continuous RVADs restore cardiac function, pulsatile RVAD improves cardiac output 29.4% more than continuous RVAD. We also demonstrate that atrial septostomy improves cardiac output by 19.5%. Our model can be further extended by simulating the heart&#x2019;s response to other treatments such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and by incorporating ventricular remodelling growth simulations and finite-element ventricular modelling.
Digitale Literaturwissenschaft. Zur Einführung
Authors: Jannidis Fotis 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff ‚digitale Literaturwissenschaft‘ ist, wie die vergleichbare Formulierung ‚digitale Geisteswissenschaften‘, eine Verlegenheitslösung, um allzu barocke Bezeichnungen zu vermeiden. Genauer wäre es, von der Literaturwissenschaft im Kontext der Digitalisierung und Vernetzung zu sprechen. Digitalisierung und Vernetzung betreffen den Gegenstand der Literaturwissenschaft, also literarische Texte im weitesten Sinne sowie die verschiedenen Formen gesellschaftlicher Kommunikation über diese Texte, ebenso wie die disziplinären Methoden der Aufbereitung des Gegenstands sowie der Analyse und die Schnittstellen des Fachs zu den angrenzenden Institutionen, insbesondere den Bibliotheken und Archiven.