bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in runaway electron plateau partial recombination by massive H2 or D2 injection in DIII-D and JET and first extrapolations to ITER and SPARC
Authors: Hollmann E.M. , Baylor L. , Boboc A. , Carvalho P. , Eidietis N.W. , Herfindal J.L. , Jachmich S. , Lvovskiy A. , Paz-Soldan C. , Reux C. , Shiraki D. , Sweeney R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Experimental trends in thermal plasma partial recombination resulting from massive

D

2

injection into high-Z (Ar) containing runaway electron (RE) plateaus in DIII-D and JET are studied for the purpose of achieving sufficiently low electron density (

n

e

≈

10

18

m

−
3

) to increase RE final loss MHD levels. In both DIII-D and JET, thermal electron density

n

e

is found to drop by ∼100

×

when the thermal plasma partially recombines, with a minimum at a vacuum vessel-averaged

D

2

density in the range

10

20

−

10

21

m

−
3

. RE effective resistivity also drops after partial recombination, indicating expulsion of the Ar content. The

n

e

level after partial recombination is found to increase as RE current is increased. The amount of initial Ar in the RE plateau is not observed to have a strong effect on partial recombination. Partial recombination timescales of order 5 ms in DIII-D and 15 ms in JET are observed. These basic trends and timescales are matched with a 1D diffusion model, which is then used to extrapolate to ITER and SPARC tokamaks. Within the approximations of this model, it is predicted that ITER will be able to achieve sufficiently low

n

e

values on time scales faster than expected RE plateau vertical drift timescales (of order 100 ms), provided sufficient

D

2

or

H

2

is injected. In SPARC, it is predicted that achieving significant

n

e

recombination will be challenging, due to the very high RE current density. In both ITER and SPARC, it is predicted that achieving low

n

e

will be easier with Ar as a background impurity (rather than Ne).
Mass fluctuations in random average transfer process in open set-up
Authors: Dandekar Rahul , Kundu Anupam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We define a new mass transport model on a one-dimensional lattice of size N with continuous masses at each site. The lattice is connected to mass reservoirs of different ‘chemical potentials’ at the two ends. The mass transfer dynamics in the bulk is equivalent to the dynamics of the gaps between particles in the random average process. In the non-equilibrium steady state, we find that the multi-site arbitrary order cumulants of the masses can be expressed as an expansion in powers of

1

/

N

where at each order the cumulants have a scaling form. We introduce a novel operator approach which allows us to compute these scaling functions at different orders of

1

/

N

. Moreover, this approach reveals that, to express the scaling functions for higher order cumulants completely one requires all lower order multi-site cumulants. This is in contrast to the Wick’s theorem in which all higher order cumulants are expressed solely in terms of two-site cumulants. We support our results with evidence from Monte Carlo simulations.
Identification of Potential Fissure Zone in the Hospitality Area, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Using Microtremor Data
Authors: Prastowo R , Trianda O , Sari S N , Adhi M A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn order to increase employment, community income, regional income, state income, and foreign exchange profits, efforts to develop and utilize various tourism potentials are one of the core industries that can drive economic activity, including other connected sector activities. Yogyakarta’s various tourism potentials are linked to other tourism accommodations, such as hotel buildings. In December 2019, the number of tourists to Yogyakarta who stayed in hotels reached 9.01 million. Of course, tourists’ water requirements are numerous, causing the groundwater level to drop. The reduction of groundwater levels is coupled with sloping topography, which increases the risk of soil fissures in the Yogyakarta city region. Because it is located in the ring of fire, Yogyakarta is vulnerable to earthquakes. Based on microtremor data, the goal of this study was to identify regions prone to earthquake-induced soil fissures caused by excessive groundwater extraction. Geological investigations and microtremor measurements are used in the research. The findings suggest that most of the study region has the potential for soil fracture due to earthquakes, with ground share strain values on the order of 10-4. However, no liquefaction potential because the most significant value of ground share strain is 0.000141.
Air Quality Analysis and Dispersion Modelling by Using AERMOD for Amonia (NH3) Parameters on Toll Roads in Makassar City
Authors: Ramli M I , Rani N M , Zafany A A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Toll roads are alternative roads that are commonly used in urban areas to avoid congestion on local roads due to the increase in the number of vehicles during peak hours such as in the morning and evening. The existence of the Elevated Toll Road as a new icon in Makassar City has further increased the public’s desire to choose to cross the Toll Road. This situation causes changes in the volume of vehicles which are in the number of vehicle emissions that pass along the toll road. Ammonia (NH3) is a compound produced by vehicle emissions, but this has not been studied much because in general NH3 is produced from biological processes in the soil and processing factory waste. When ammonia enters the atmosphere and combines with the main pollutant it will form PM 2. The research was conducted at 9 points of the Makassar Toll Road including 3 points in Reformasi Toll Road and 6 points in Ir. Sutami Toll Road. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of NH3 concentration in ambient air based on direct measurements using an impinger according to SNI 19-7119.1-2005 and to analyze the distribution pattern of pollutants using AERMOD software. The results showed that the concentration of NH3 pollutants on the Makassar Toll Road ranged from 5.99 g/Nm3 – 17.07 g/Nm3, while the results of NH3 dispersion modeling showed concentrations between 1.55 g/Nm3 – 13.3 g/Nm3. The concentration level of Ammonia (NH3) is still below the threshold value required by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, which is 400 g/Nm3.
The Role of the Mining and Quarrying Sector in the Economic Growth of Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Asmiani N , Yusuf F N , Bakri S , Jafar N , Nawir A , Nurwaskito A , Syaifullah M , Said M S , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mining sector is one of the economic sectors that influences the economic growth of a region. Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is one of the indicators to observe the gross economic condition of a region. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the role of the mining sector and other economic sectors in the regional economic growth of Kolaka District based on the GRDP data. The goal is to determine the basis of the economic sectors that could increase the economic growth of the Kolaka District and the potential of the mining sector in supporting the economic growth of this region. This research required GRDP data of Kolaka District and Southeast Sulawesi Province based on the constant price for the 2010 base year according to the business fields from 2010 to 2018 and general conditions as well as the map of Kolaka District. The research methods used in this study were the location quotient analysis and shift-share analysis. Judging from the contribution of the mining sector to GRDP, the value of LQ > 1, which means the mining sector is a basic sector or a sector that can encourage economic growth in Kolaka District even able to export outside the region of Kolaka District and the mining sector it is a sector that shows fast and progressive growth.
Lithology Interpretation Based on Drilling and Geophysical Well Logging Data at Pit G Roto North PT Kideco Jaya Agung, Paser District, East Kalimantan Province.
Authors: Wahyuddin Z A , Kadri K A , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Coal is a non-renewable energy source and has a role that almost competes with petroleum. In this connection, it is necessary to explore and inventory coal resources. One of the exploration stages is drilling where data from drilling results can be used for coal resources and reserves estimation. PT Kideco Jaya Agung is one of the biggest coal mining companies in Indonesia, located in Paser District, East Kalimantan Province. In carrying out its drilling, PT Kideco uses the open hole, touch coring, and full coring drilling methods then compares it with the results of geophysical logging to obtain accurate coal thickness and depth data. Drilling data was obtained in the form of rock samples. The logging process is carried out after the drilling stage is complete. Logging methods used are gamma-ray logs, density logs, HRD logs, and BRD logs. Lithology interpretation is done by comparing rock sample data and log curves. The results of the interpretation of coal seams in drill hole ZA04 were found at a depth of 102.5 – 128.5 m with a true thickness of 10.78 m and in drill hole ZA05 coal was found at a depth of 106.2 – 121.7 m with a true thickness of 3.63 m.
Mineral Matter Analysis on Coal and Flanking Rocks in the Bulupoddo District, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Fitrawan M , Sufriadin  , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
South and West Sulawesi has coal resources of about 117 million tons or about 0.35% of the total resources nationally. Bulupoddo coal located in Sinjai Regency is a type of coal that is categorized as low rank coal. This study was conducted to identify the minerals contained in coal and its flanking rock (roof and floor) and determine the rank and quality of coal. The methods used are mineralogy and coal quality analysis methods. Field observations shows a type of coal that is about 50 cm thin and flanked by clay and sandstone. The results of microscope and XRD analysis (X-Ray Diffraction) showed minerals contained in Bulupoddo coal, namely in BP-01B (coal) and BP-01E (coal) samples containing kaolinite, illite, pyrite and quartz minerals. In the flanking rock samples, the samples of BP-01A (clay) and BP-01D (clay) contain the minerals kaolinite, illite, pyrite, quartz and chlorite. In the BP-01C (sand) sample indicated as sandstone contains feldspar, quartz and kaolinite minerals. The results of the coal quality analysis that have been carried out on the two coal samples, namely BP-01B and BP-01E, show that the BP-01B sample has a moisture content of 7.74%, an ash content of 54.23%, volatile matter is 23.35%, fixed carbon 14.68%, and total sulfur content by 0.37%. While the sample BP-01E has a moisture content of 9.2%, ash content of 67.76%, volatile matter 18.23%, fixed carbon 4.81% and sulfur content is 0.49%. The calorific value of the test results shows that the coal sample BP-01B has a calorific value of 1953 kcal/gr and BP-01E has a calorific value of 853 kcal/gr. The calorific value of Bulupoddo coal is categorized as lignite B type coal according to coal classification based on ASTM (American Society of Testing Materials).
A Study on Chemical Deashing of Coal from Bulupodo Area Sinjai Regency of South Sulawesi Province Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wahyuni  , Widodo S , Sufriadin  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bulupodo coal has a fairly high ash content and low total sulphur. The main objective of this research is to reduce the ash content in Bulupodo coal. The methods used was chemical washing of coal using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with washing variables such as time (30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 180 minutes), H2O2 concentration (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), temperature (45°C, 60°C, and 80°C) and particle sizes (16 mesh, 40 mesh, and 70 mesh). The results of the quality analysis show that Bulupodo coal has a moisture of 6.37%; ash 53.3%; volatile matter 26.79%; fixed carbon 14.45%; and a total sulfur of 0.53%. Hence, mineral matter analysis using microscopic and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) show that Bulupodo coal contains kaolinite, illite, quartz, and pyrite minerals. As a result washing with the highest reduction time variable of ash content at 180 minutes was 21.63%; the concentration variable of the highest ash content reduction solution was at a concentration of 20% of 14.78%; the temperature variable for the reduction of the highest ash content at 60°C was 13.45%; and the particle size variable for the reduction of the highest ash content was at a particle size of 40 mesh of 7.32%.
Mineral microscopic analysis of stream sediment deposit in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Widodo S , Maulana A , Unde A A , Fikriawan A I , Gautama A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ten stream sediment samples from some locations along the river in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia were collected. Stream sediment is influenced by water which functions as metal transportation from the mainland, metal mobilization starts from the process of weathering, erosion and rock formation. In the mobilization process, trace elements are absorbed by clay and organic matter or can precipitate together with oxides and hydroxides. Mineral distribution occurs naturally from rock formations that are easily weathered, in rivers. According to the microscopical observation in this study, stream sediment samples in the study area showed some of the minerals present in the samples. The results of observations using a microscope identified several minerals in the sample, including the mineral quartz (Qz), pyroxene (Px), plagioclase (Pl), muscovite (Ms), biotite (Bt), hornblende (Hbl), sericite (Ser), tourmaline (Tour), rutile (Rt), and orthoclase (Or). Based on the results of microscopic analysis, it can be identified that several minerals were deposited and disseminated in the study area.
Distribution of Microplastic Abundance and Composition in Surface Water around Anthropogenic Areas (Case Study: Jeneberang River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Mangarengi N A P , Zakaria R , Zubair A , Langka P , Riswanto N A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microplastic research in urban and industrial areas has been done newly. However, there is still an absence and very little research about microplastic abundances caused by anthropogenic activities in the traditional market, industrial, recreation, and slum area, especially in the Jeneberang River. The Jeneberang River is located in Gowa Regency with its upstream in the Bili-Bili area and empties into the high seas, namely Tanjung Bayang. Jeneberang River water is also used as a source of raw water and for other uses. Therefore, research on the distribution of microplastics in this area is significant to analyze. Microplastic abundance, size, and type research are minimal compared to marine microplastics. Surface water of the river was obtained at eight stations and grouped into four locations based on land use at the riverbank. Microplastic particles were identified using a binocular microscope and categorized by shape and size. The average microplastic concentration fluctuated. It starts from 2.00 ± 1.30 particles per liter of surface water to 5.77 ± 1.25 microplastic particles per liter of surface water. The data on microplastic engagement has been distributed normally (Shapiro-Wilk; p-value > 0.05). Microfiber is the type of microplastic that usually exists in river samples, followed by fragments and films. The Average Size of particles is between 15.33 mm and 26.67 mm. Station 1 A in ± 60 m near the traditional market has a higher microplastic concentration with an average of 5.77 ± 1.25 particle/L, compared to station 2 B and 4 B, which is 4.20 ± 1.30 and 3.93 ± 1.32, respectively.
Study of increasing the calorific value of coal using waste cooking oil
Authors: Pratama R , Sufriadin  , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Low rank coal is still less attractive to consumers because it is difficult to market and exploits. One of the parameters used for coal export or trading is calorific value. The disadvantage of low rank coal is the high moisture content. The high moisture content will cause problems in the process, especially if it is used as direct fuel and of course affects lower calorific value. The study aims to determine the characteristics of the coal samples used in the study, and to analyze the effect of mixing ratio and temperature on the quality of coal after being mixed with waste cooking oil. Further aim is to analyze the changing process of coal quality after the upgrading process. The study was conducted by mixing coal with waste cooking oil using the ratio of mixture ratio, temperature, and time. The comparison of coal before and after being mixed is seen from the results of proximate and calorific value analysis. The calorific value of the initial coal sample is 5,296.19 calories/gram and waste cooking oil is 7,080.33 calories/gram. The results showed that the mixing ratio (coal: waste cooking oil) 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2 using a temperature of 150°C obtained a calorific value of 6,733.02 calories/gram, 5,694.59 calories/gram, 5,295.45 calories/gram. The calorific value of a 1:1 ratio using temperatures of 175°C and 200°C is 6,965.51 calories/gram and 6,493.59 calories/gram. These results indicate that a 1:1 ratio with a temperature of 175°C is the most optimal condition for mixing coal with waste cooking oil.
Utilization of Surface Water Potential for Irrigation at Gona Village Bone Regency
Authors: Syamsir A R A , Lopa R T , Karamma R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Availability of water is one of the important factors in determining the success of farmers in their harvest, especially during the dry season. Many efforts have been made by the government to meet the needs of the community, one of which is by paying attention to development in the agricultural sector, namely in terms of providing irrigation water with a pumping system that utilizes water sources from rivers, springs, lakes, and other water sources. To find out how large the area of rice fields that can be fed by the spring, it is necessary to analyze the amount of water availability and water requirement using the F.J. Mock Method and Cropwat 8.0 software developed by FAO. The results showed, the dependable flow (P) 80% is 0.0413 m3 /s or 41,3 lt / s with a rain catchment area of 0.493 km2. The highest water requirement is December dec 3 as much as 2,191 lt/ha/sec and the lowest water requirement is December dec 1. It can be concluded that the water availability is more than the water need, so the surface water in Gona Village Springs can be utilized 4 ha in the first planting season, 20 ha in the second planting season. and 5 ha in the third season.
Local Economic Development (LED) Strategy in Bromo Tengger Semeru Region (Case Study: Pasuruan Regency)
Authors: Koswara A Y , Adlina Y Y N , Aini S D , Billah T H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) area is located on 4 regencies in East Java, Indonesia. One of them is Pasuruan Regency. This area has majestic natural potential that is proposed to be one of Global Geopark. Conservation, education, and economic prosperity become 3 important pillars of Global Geopark that have to be maintained and balanced. Local Economic Development (LED) is part of the 3rd pillar that could enhance the socio-economic development of the people in the TNBTS area. Tosari, Tutur, and Puspo are 3 districts in the Pasuruan regency that are adjacent to one another and produce high-quality coffee commodities. This research aimed to discover problems in the study area based on important factors related to Coffee-based LED and suggest strategies that could address the problems. First, AHP is used to find important factors for Coffee-based LED. Secondly, in-depth interview with stakeholders like government, business, and academics was conducted to find the root cause problems for each important factor. Lastly, triangulation analysis is used to generate the strategies, with 3 main inputs which are the root cause problem, existing regulation in the area, and best practices of LED.
Predicting physical clogging of modular paver equipped with filter media
Authors: Salwa M Z M , Makhtar Muaz Mohd Zaini , Selimin Mohammad Tamizi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Porous pavements are simple to retrofit, good at improving the hydrology and quality of the water, but prone to clogging. There is little knowledge on the physical clogging processes through these systems, even though they play a significant role in the lifespan of porous pavements. This study’s objectives were to comprehend the primary physical mechanisms that control physical clogging and create a straightforward hexagonal modular (HM) model that can forecast physical congestion. A filtration system with a layered filter media granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand was installed. The clogging agent was found trapped only on the mesh because of the sizes of some of the material being larger than the size of mesh opening, while the voids of the media material were found to be not of a major effect in this respect. With the GAC and sand layers combined, the hydraulic conductivity was determined to be 0.097 cm/s and this k value can be considered low for the purpose.
44% of the flash flood in Klang Valley occurred coincidentally during the typhoon period: A review on 2015
Authors: Asri Ummi Hajidah Mohamad , Mahmud Mohd. Rizaludin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper reviewed the occurrences of all the flood events that happened in the Klang Valley of Malaysia in 2015. The aim is to identify the sources of the heavy and extreme rainfall that triggered the flood; either it was attributed to the seasonal monsoon flows or other plausible factors. The major concern of flash floods is that many of them had frequently occurred regardless of the seasonal monsoon period; as it seems to be influenced by other factors. Therefore, besides the three monsoonal seasons with common heavy and extreme rainfall in Klang Valley which includes the Northeast Monsoon (Nov. – Feb.), Inter-monsoon 1 (Mar.-Apr.), and Inter-monsoon 2 (Oct.), this study also takes into account the typhoon season which occurred from April to December. There are 43 flash flood cases and most of them occurred during the wet period of the Northeast monsoon (Nov. – Feb.). 44% of the flash flood events did occur during the typhoon season (Apr. – Dec.) with its distribution varied via different monsoon seasons. The majority of the flash flood during the dry season (Southwest Monsoon) and wet season (Northeast Monsoon) happened during the same period of strong typhoons. Severe flash flood cases that occurred coincidentally with strong typhoons (category 4 and above) during the Northeast Monsoon had impacted larger spatial coverage, increased rainfall intensity and longer duration. The hypothetical explanation offered is that the occurrence of strong typhoons (category 4 and 5) with trajectory near the Philippines in the South China Sea could affect the regional weather of Peninsular Malaysia; in which resulting in stronger wind flows and accelerating the transportation of moist air parcels from regional ocean or seas to land areas. Such information is required for adaptation, mitigation and preventive actions including early warning systems.