bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education level and the use of coronary computed tomography, functional testing, coronary angiography, revascularization, and outcomes—a 10-year Danish, nationwide, registry-based follow-up study
Authors: Søndergaard Marc Meller , Freeman Phillip , Kristensen Anna Meta Dyrvig , Chang Su Min , Nassir Khurram , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Nørgaard Bjarne Linde , Maeng Michael , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Søgaard Peter , Tayal Bhupendar , Pareek Manan , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Køber Lars , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Kragholm Kristian Hay 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and aims
Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) can guide downstream preventive treatment and improve patient prognosis, but its use in relation to education level remains unexplored.

Methods
This nationwide register-based cohort study assessed all residents in Denmark between 2008 and 2018 without coronary artery disease (CAD) and 50–80 years of age (n = 1 469 724). Residents were divided according to four levels of education: low, lower-mid, higher-mid, and high. Outcomes were CCTA, functional testing, invasive coronary angiography (ICA), revascularization, and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

Results
Individuals with the lowest education level underwent CCTA (absolute risk [AR] 3.95% individuals aged ≥50–59, AR 3.62% individuals aged ≥60–69, and AR 2.19% individuals aged ≥70–80) less often than individuals of lower-mid (AR 4.16%, AR 3.90%, and AR 2.41%), higher-mid (AR 4.38%, AR 4.30%, and AR 2.45%) and highest education level (AR 3.98%, AR 4.37%, and AR 2.30%). Similar differences were observed for functional testing. Conversely, use of ICA, and risks of revascularization and MACCE were more common among individuals of lowest education level. Among patients examined with CCTA (n = 50 234), patients of lowest education level less often underwent functional testing and more likely initiated preventive medication, underwent ICA, revascularization, and experienced MACCE.

Conclusion
Despite tax-financed healthcare in Denmark, individuals of lowest education level were less likely to undergo CCTA and functional testing than persons of higher education level. Invasive coronary angiography utilization, revascularization, and MACCE risks were higher for individuals of lowest education level. Among CCTA-examined patients, patients of lowest education level were more likely to initiate preventive medication and had the highest risks of revascularization and MACCE when compared to higher education level groups. These findings suggest that the preventive potential of CCTA is underutilized in individuals of lower education level, a proxy for socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic differences in CAD assessment, care, and outcomes are likely even larger without tax-financed healthcare.
Loss of function of FIGNL1, a DNA damage response gene, causes human ovarian dysgenesis
Authors: Florsheim Natan , Naugolni Larisa , Zahdeh Fouad , Lobel Orit , Terespolsky Batel , Michaelson-Cohen Rachel , Gold Merav Y , Goldberg Michal , Renbaum Paul , Levy-Lahad Ephrat , Zangen David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ovarian dysgenesis (OD), an XX disorder of sex development, presents with primary amenorrhea, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, and infertility. In an Ashkenazi Jewish patient with OD, whole exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous frameshifts in FIGNL1, a DNA damage response (DDR) gene: c.189del and c.1519_1523del. Chromosomal breakage was significantly increased in patient cells, both spontaneously, and following mitomycin C exposure. Transfection of DYK-tagged FIGNL1 constructs in HEK293 cells showed no detectable protein in FIGNL1c.189del and truncation with reduced expression in FIGNL1c.1519_1523del (64% of wild-type [WT], P = .003). FIGNL1 forms nuclear foci increased by phleomycin treatment (20.6 ± 1.6 vs 14.8 ± 2.4, P = .02). However, mutant constructs showed reduced DYK-FIGNL1 foci formation in non-treated cells (0.8 ± 0.9 and 5.6 ± 1.5 vs 14.8 ± 2.4 in DYK-FIGNL1WT, P &lt; .001) and no increase with phleomycin treatment. In conclusion, FIGNL1 loss of function is a newly characterized OD gene, highlighting the DDR pathway's role in ovarian development and maintenance and suggesting chromosomal breakage as an assessment tool in XX-DSD patients.
Taxed fairly? How differences in perception shape attitudes towards progressive taxation
Authors: Kalleitner Fabian , Bobzien Licia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Empirically, the poor are more likely to support increases in the level of tax progressivity than the rich. Such income-stratified tax preferences can result from differences in preferences of what should be taxed as argued by previous literature. However, it may also result from income-stratified perceptions of what is taxed. This paper argues that the rich perceive higher levels of tax progressivity than the poor and that tax perceptions affect individuals’ support for progressive taxation. Using data from an Austrian survey experiment, we test this argument in three steps: First, in line with past research, we show that individuals’ income positions are connected to individuals’ tax preferences as a self-interest rationale would predict. However, second, we show that this variation is mainly driven by income-stratified tax perceptions. Third, randomly informing a subset of the sample about actual tax rates, we find that changing tax perceptions causally affects support for redistributive taxation among those who initially overestimated the level of tax progressivity. Our results indicate that tax perceptions are relevant for forming tax preferences and suggest that individuals are more polarized in their perceptions of who pays how much taxes than in their support for who should pay how much tax.
The effects of internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in cardiovascular disease on symptoms of anxiety: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Westas Mats , Mourad Ghassan , Andersson Gerhard , Lundgren Johan , Johansson Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
The aims of this study were to evaluate: (i) the short- and long-term effects of the internet-based cognitive behaviour (iCBT) programme on symptoms of distress and fear disorder in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, and (ii) the association between changes in depression and changes in symptoms of distress and fear disorder from baseline to 12-month follow-up.

Methods and results
Secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized controlled study evaluating the effects on depression of an iCBT programme compared to an online discussion forum (ODF) in CVD patients (n = 144). Data were collected at baseline, at post-intervention (9 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.
The results showed that symptoms of distress disorder were statistically significantly more reduced in the iCBT group than in the ODF group. For symptoms of the fear disorder, no differences were found except for avoidance, which showed a statistically significant reduction in the iCBT group. The long-term analysis in the iCBT group showed that CAQ total score and fear decreased from baseline to 6- and 12-month follow-ups, respectively. Avoidance and attention both decreased statistically significantly from baseline to post-intervention, but not between post-intervention and 12-month follow-up.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the iCBT programme targeted depression in CVD patients successfully reduced symptoms of distress disorder and to a lesser extent symptoms of fear disorder. Change in depression was more strongly associated with a change in distress than a change in fear disorder.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02778074
Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: accuracy of the AncesTrees software in a Brazilian sample
Authors: Jacometti Victor , Guimarães Marco Aurelio , de Moraes Luis Otávio Carvalho , Marques Sérgio Ricardo , Cunha Eugénia , da Silva Ricardo Henrique Alves 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze the accuracy and applicability of the AncesTrees software with respect to a set of cranial measurements of a Brazilian sample consisting of 114 identified skulls from two osteological collections, predominantly composed of European (n = 59), African (n = 35), and admixed individuals (n = 20). Twenty-four different craniometric measurements are performed and input to AncesTrees via two algorithms, one of which is used in three configurations, with different ancestral groups integrated in the model. The software exhibits superior performance in the estimation of European individuals, reaching 73% accuracy, compared with 66% in the African individuals. Those individuals classified as admixed produce a variety of ancestral classifications, mainly European. Overall, the most accurate combination of AncesTrees is obtained using ancestralForest with only the European and African groups integrated into the algorithm, where the accuracy reaches 70%. The applicability of this software to a specific population is fragile because of the high admixing load, making it necessary to create a more representative anthropometric database of the Brazilian people.

Key points
Culture Change in Older Adult Care Settings: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Ivanitskaya Lana V , Bogner Matthew P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
We systematically analyzed research on the culture change movement, in the context of global efforts to transform the provision of older adult care in institutional settings.

Research Design and Methods
Using Web of Science and Scopus publications relevant to person-centered care, culture change, or older adult care settings, we built bibliometric networks for keywords and terms extracted from titles and abstracts. Overlays depicted corresponding authors’ countries, publication recency, funding, scientific impact, and concept use.

Results
The keyword network for 337 publications revealed variability in culture change settings and study indexing. Term network overlays showed geographical and chronological research variation. Corresponding authors from 14 countries contributed publications, mostly from the United States (69% of publications), Canada (9%), and Australia (5%). Social environment and person-centeredness studies, particularly in dementia care settings, were more recent than studies on physical environment, quality, organizational culture, turnover, and staffing. Scholars listed funding sources for 38% of publications; funding and scientific impact did not always overlap. Well-cited studies on standards of care and policy were funded at a lower rate than topics of lower impact. Over 60% of titles, abstracts, or keywords referred to quality and person-centeredness.

Discussion and Implications
Originating in the 1990s in the United States, culture change quickly became an international phenomenon, drawing researchers’ attention. Change research has deep roots in quality improvement and person-centered philosophy. We offered practical strategies for querying this hard to access literature. With some database-related limitations, empirical data on scientific impact can be used to allocate research funding.
Investigation of common genetic risk factors between thyroid traits and breast cancer
Authors: Lucotte Elise A , Asgari Yazdan , Sugier Pierre-Emmanuel , Karimi Mojgan , Domenighetti Cloé , Lesueur Fabienne , Boland-Augé Anne , Ostroumova Evgenia , de Vathaire Florent , Zidane Monia , Guénel Pascal , Deleuze Jean-François , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Severi Gianluca , Liquet Benoît , Truong Thérèse 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) risk is suspected to be linked to thyroid disorders, however observational studies exploring the association between BC and thyroid disorders gave conflicting results. We proposed an alternative approach by investigating the shared genetic risk factors between BC and several thyroid traits. We report a positive genetic correlation between BC and thyroxine (FT4) levels (corr = 0.13, p-value = 2.0 × 10−4) and a negative genetic correlation between BC and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (corr = −0.09, p-value = 0.03). These associations are more striking when restricting the analysis to estrogen receptor-positive BC. Moreover, the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for FT4 and hyperthyroidism are positively associated to BC risk (OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00–1.13, p-value = 2.8 × 10−2 and OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.00–1.08, p-value = 3.8 × 10−2, respectively), while the PRS for TSH is inversely associated to BC risk (OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.89–0.97, p-value = 2.0 × 10−3). Using the PLACO method, we detected 49 loci associated to both BC and thyroid traits (p-value &lt; 5 × 10−8), in the vicinity of 130 genes. An additional colocalization and gene-set enrichment analyses showed a convincing causal role for a known pleiotropic locus at 2q35 and revealed an additional one at 8q22.1 associated to both BC and thyroid cancer. We also found two new pleiotropic loci at 14q32.33 and 17q21.31 that were associated to both TSH levels and BC risk. Enrichment analyses and evidence of regulatory signals also highlighted brain tissues and immune system as candidates for obtaining associations between BC and TSH levels. Overall, our study sheds light on the complex interplay between BC and thyroid traits and provides evidence of shared genetic risk between those conditions.
Higher incidence of embryonic defects in mouse offspring conceived with assisted reproduction from fathers with sperm epimutations
Authors: Karahan Gurbet , Martel Josée , Rahimi Sophia , Farag Mena , Matias Fernando , MacFarlane Amanda J , Chan Donovan , Trasler Jacquetta 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) account for 1–6% of births in developed countries. While most children conceived are healthy, increases in birth and genomic imprinting defects have been reported; such abnormal outcomes have been attributed to underlying parental infertility and/or the ART used. Here, we assessed whether paternal genetic and lifestyle factors, that are associated with male infertility and affect the sperm epigenome, can influence ART outcomes. We examined how paternal factors, haploinsufficiency for Dnmt3L, an important co-factor for DNA methylation reactions, and/or diet-induced obesity, in combination with ART (superovulation, in vitro fertilization, embryo culture and embryo transfer), could adversely influence embryo development and DNA methylation patterning in mice. While male mice fed high-fat diets (HFD) gained weight and showed perturbed metabolic health, their sperm DNA methylation was minimally affected by the diet. In contrast, Dnmt3L haploinsufficiency induced a marked loss of DNA methylation in sperm; notably, regions affected were associated with neurodevelopmental pathways and enriched in young retrotransposons, sequences that can have functional consequences in the next generation. Following ART, placental imprinted gene methylation and growth parameters were impacted by one or both paternal factors. For embryos conceived by natural conception, abnormality rates were similar for WT and Dnmt3L+/− fathers. In contrast, paternal Dnmt3L+/− genotype, as compared to WT fathers, resulted in a 3-fold increase in the incidence of morphological abnormalities in embryos generated by ART. Together, the results indicate that embryonic morphological and epigenetic defects associated with ART may be exacerbated in offspring conceived by fathers with sperm epimutations.
Vascular Disease Is Associated With Differences in Brain Structure and Lower Cognitive Functioning in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Patel Ronak , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bernstein Charles N , Bolton James M , Graff Lesley A , Marriott James J , Figley Chase R , Kornelsen Jennifer , Mazerolle Erin L , Helmick Carl , Uddin Md Nasir , Fisk John D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Vascular disease and cognitive impairment have been increasingly documented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and both have been individually correlated with changes in brain structure. This study aimed to determine if both macro- and microstructural brain changes are prevalent in IBD and whether alterations in brain structure mediate the relationship between vascular disease and cognitive functioning.

Methods
Eighty-four IBD participants underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric and mean diffusivity measures of the thalamus, hippocampus, normal-appearing white matter, and white matter lesions were converted to age- and sex-adjusted z scores. Vascular comorbidity was assessed using a modified Framingham Risk Score and cognition was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Test scores were standardized using local regression–based norms. We generated summary statistics for the magnetic resonance imaging metrics and cognitive tests, and these were examined using canonical correlation analysis and linear regression modeling.

Results
Greater vascular comorbidity was negatively correlated with thalamic, normal-appearing white matter, and white matter lesion volumes. Higher Framingham Risk Score were also correlated with lower processing speed, learning and memory, and verbal fluency. Increased vascular comorbidity was predictive of poorer cognitive functioning, and this effect was almost entirely mediated (94.76%) by differences in brain structure.

Conclusions
Vascular comorbidity is associated with deleterious effects on brain structure and lower cognitive functioning in IBD. These findings suggest that proper identification and treatment of vascular disease is essential to the overall management of IBD, and that certain brain areas may serve as critical targets for predicting the response to therapeutic interventions.
Childhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scandinavian Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Sigvardsson Ida , Størdal Ketil , Östensson Malin , Guo Annie , Ludvigsson Johnny , Mårild Karl 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Ecological observations suggest a negative relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. Individual-level analyses have been inconsistent and mostly lacked refined assessments of SES. We aimed to comprehensively study the association between early-life SES and later IBD.

Methods
This study included 117 493 participants from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort and Swedish All Babies in Southeast Sweden cohorts. Participants were followed from birth (1997-2009) through 2021. IBD was identified through national patient registers. Questionnaire and register data were used to define parental educational level, employment, and household income level. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), accounting for other SES exposures and covariates (eg, parental IBD). Cohort-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
During 2 024 299 person-years of follow-up, 451 participants were diagnosed with IBD (All Babies in Southeast Sweden cohort, n = 113 and Norwegian Mother, Father and Child cohort, n = 338). Early-life maternal, but not paternal, educational level was associated with later IBD (low vs high educational level; pooled aHR, 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-2.82; and pooled aHR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.80-1.80; respectively). Having a nonworking mother or father was not significantly associated with IBD (pooled aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.47-1.02; pooled aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.45-1.37). High vs low household income level yielded a pooled aHR of 1.33 (95% CI, 0.94-1.89). Overall, results were largely consistent across cohorts.

Conclusions
In this prospective Scandinavian cohort study, low maternal educational level was, independent of other SES and covariates, significantly associated with later IBD in her child. Further research is needed to elucidate factors that may mediate this relationship.
Staged endoscopic mitral valve repair for active infective endocarditis with a mitral annular abscess
Authors: Kato Riku , Hosoba Soh , Maeda Shogo , Ito Toshiaki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The presence of an annular abscess complicates the operation for infective endocarditis. We report a case of a totally endoscopic repair of a mitral annular abscess using a staged strategy. A 28-year-old woman underwent endoscopic mitral valve repair for active infective endocarditis with Staphylococcus aureus. At the index operation, the mitral annular abscess was completely debrided, yielding an annular defect. The mitral valve was repaired with the autologous pericardial patch and an annuloplasty. Primary repair of the annular defect was not performed because of the fragility of oedematous tissues. Two weeks after index surgery, when the infection was under control, and the scar tissue had formed around the annulus, we performed the second stage operation involving repair of the annular abscess. The scar formation enabled annular reconstruction and additional repair of the mitral valve in a totally endoscopic fashion. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence at 5 months. An annular abscess may be repaired with staged surgery in select situations.
Near-Optimal Restriction Estimates for Cantor Sets on the Parabola
Authors: Ryou Donggeun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For any $0 &lt; \alpha &lt;1$, we construct Cantor sets on the parabola of Hausdorff dimension $\alpha $ such that they are Salem sets and each associated measure $\nu $ satisfies the estimate $\left \| \widehat {f d\nu } \right \|_{L^{p}({\mathbb {R}}^{2})} \leq C_{p} \left \| f \right \|_{L^{2}(\nu )}$ for all $p&gt;6/\alpha $ and for some constant $C_{p}&gt;0$,which may depend on $p$ and $\nu $. The range $p&gt;6/\alpha $ is optimal except for the endpoint. The proof is based on the work of Łaba and Wang on restriction estimates for random Cantor sets and the work of Shmerkin and Suomala on Fourier decay of measures on random Cantor sets. They considered fractal subsets of ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$, while we consider fractal subsets of the parabola.
Tools Needed to Support Same-Day Diagnosis and Treatment of Current Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Fricker Gregory P , Ghany Marc G , Mera Jorge , Pinsky Benjamin A , Ward John W , Chung Raymond T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The current multiday diagnosis and treatment paradigm for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in far fewer patients receiving treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents than those with diagnosed HCV infection. To achieve HCV elimination, a paradigm shift in access to HCV treatment is needed from multiday testing and treatment algorithms to same-day diagnosis and treatment. This shift will require new tools, such as point-of-care (POC) antigen tests or nucleic acid tests for HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and nucleic acid tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that do not require venous blood. This shift will also require better use of existing resources, including expanded access to HCV treatment and available POC tests, novel monitoring approaches, and removal of barriers to approval. A same-day diagnosis and treatment paradigm will substantially contribute to HCV elimination by improving HCV treatment rates and expanding access to treatment in settings where patients have brief encounters with healthcare.