bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Process Parameters for Precise Corner Accuracy in Wire Electric Discharge Machining of AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: ali sohail , Ali Liaqat , Imran Syed Hussain , Khan Wajid Ali , Ali Hasnain 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research is carried out to explore the effect of machining (WEDM) parameters on the corners cutting in D2 tool steel including the determination of optimum input values such as pulse on time, pulse off time, discharge gap, wire speed, and wire tension, for excellent machining performance. In the present study Taguchi technique, which uses L16 orthogonal array is utilized for the design of experiments and optimization, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and main effects plots, analysis is used to identify significant factors and their optimal values according to its level to obtain superior machining characteristics. Five process control parameters, namely, pulse on, pulse off time, discharge gap, wire feed, and wire tension are analyzed for four response parameters viz kerf width, corner error of top and bottom side of the machined profile, and surface roughness. Regression models are developed for all the WEDM responses, and main effects plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to analyze the notable factors influencing the kerf width, corner error top and bottom sides, and surface roughness. Pulse-on and pulse-off time, discharge gap, and wire speed have been identified as the most influential factors for kerf width, corner error, and surface roughness. It is observed that the predicted values of all the performance measures from regression models are within 95% confidence intervals compared to experimental results of all the response variables, so the predicted regression equations of all response values are useful to estimate the machining performance of WEDM processes. The WEDM machined surface of selected workpieces is analyzed with the help of an optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM), coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental composition, resolidified region, micro-cracks, craters, heat-affected zone, and white layer, are observed on the machined surface at different magnification.
Development of a Behaviour Change Intervention to promote latrine use and reduce open defecation in rural India
Authors: Talat Usman , Ravenscroft Luke , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives Conduct a formative research and feasibility evaluation of behavioural intervention designed to improve latrine use in rural India.Methods Study conducted in four villages of Rajasthan, where latrine use is low and open defecation may spread disease. To identify the intervention, we conducted a literature review, a survey of 497 households, focus groups in village households (8–10 women and children). We also conducted seven focus groups with 63 women. Based on the survey results, we developed behaviour change intervention utilising on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-behaviour model and MINDSPACE framework. One intervention component involves psychological aspects that engage villagers through a pledge; the other component is provision of small incentives to facilitate latrine use. We also examined whether our intervention is feasible and acceptable in our study population. We delivered the 30-day intervention to women in 38 randomly selected households who despite having a functional latrine did not use it. Post-intervention, we obtained feedback from 22 participating households.Results Analysis involved thematic analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and feasibility evaluation of the intervention. We found the piloted intervention was feasible and so offer a revised design. Results driving this evaluation include barriers identified, and used to improved intervention design in the current study. Village authority figures influenced behaviours across the villages and so did factors of convenience (β = 5.28, p = 0.00), relief (β = 5.49, p = 0.00), comfort (β = 2.36, p = 0.00), Construction cost (β=-1.98, p = 0.00) and safety (β = 2.93, p = 0.01) were significant concerns associated with latrine use in the context of prevalent OD in the region. The logistic regression baseline model for the dependant variables indicated a significant increase in latrine use. Based on the feasibility study, we refined our intervention in several ways.Conclusions Our theory-driven approach improves latrine use in Rajasthan and offers a useful tool to facilitate hygiene behaviour.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trinari Elisabetta , Noronha Noella Juliana , Papola Davide , Devji Tahira , Navarro Tamara , de Camargo Olaf Kraus , Iorio Alfonso 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) for symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or comorbid conditions are uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to determine the efficacy and safety of SSRIs in children with ASD on restricted repetitive behaviors, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depressive symptoms, disruptive behaviors, global functioning, and quality of life.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WHO ICTRP, Clinical.Trials.gov. to retrieve RCT of SSRIs versus placebo in children with ASD that evaluated the outcomes of interest with a validated measurement instrument. Two authors independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias and rated the certainty of evidence.
Results
Seven RCTs with a total of 606 participants were included. The evidence is very uncertain on the effect of SSRIs on restricted-repetitive behaviors and anxiety symptoms in children with ASD, there is low certainty of the evidence suggesting that SSRIs result in little to no effect on obsessive-compulsive symptoms and disruptive behaviors and there is moderate certainty of the evidence that SSRIs likely result in little to no difference in global functioning and a slight increase in adverse events. No studies evaluated depressive symptoms.
Conclusions
The number of studies on this population remains limited, and there is a lack of commonly accepted outcome measures able to identify relevant changes for patients and families.
Protocol registration number:PROSPERO-CRD42020169836
Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Factors Stimulate Chondrogenesis in vitro and Possess Protective Effects to Articular Cartilage
Authors: Uzieliene Ilona , Bialaglovyte Paulina , Miksiunas Rokas , Lebedis Ignas , Pachaleva Jolita , Vaiciuleviciute Raminta , Ramanaviciene Almira , Kvederas Giedrius , Bernotiene Eiva 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited capacity to self-regeneration, which leads to challenges treating injuries or diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cartilage tissue engineering, as they are capable to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage cells and secrete a number of active molecules important for stimulating chondrocyte anabolic pathways and modulate the metabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) are the most widely used for development of cartilage tissue regeneration technologies, however, other sources of stem cells, like menstrual blood, may have advantages due to the ease of access. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of menstrual blood-derived MSC (MenSC) paracrine factors in stimulating BMMSCs chondrogenic differentiation and to investigate their role in protecting cartilage from degradation under inflammatory conditions in vitro.Methods In this study, we induced MenSCs and BMMSCs chondrogenic differentiation, using four different growth factors, important for stimulation of chondrogenesis in MSCs – transforming growth factor β-3 (TGF-β3), activin A, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We stimulated chondrogenic differentiation in BMMSCs co-cultured with MenSCs or cartilage explants co-cultured with MenSCs for 21 days under inflammatory conditions. After, we evaluated chondrogenic capacity of BMMSCs in co-cultures by immunohistochemical staining, secretion of four growth factors and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, as well as measured release and synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and gene expression in cartilage explants after co-culturing them with MenSCs.Results Our results suggest that MenSCs stimulate chondrogenic response in BMMSCs by secreting activin A and TGF-β3, and may have protective effects on cartilage tissue ECM by decreasing release of GAGs into medium, most likely through modulation of activin A related molecular pathway.Conclusion In conclusion, paracrine factors secreted by MenSCs may turn out to be a promising therapeutical approach for cartilage tissue protection and repair.
Early gestural development in high-risk infants and its value on early detection of ASD
Authors: Liu LinRu , Deng HongZhu , Ye QianYing , Xing Yu , Xu Yanting , Zhu HuiLin , Lv Shaoli , Zou XiaoBin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Gesture deficit has been reported in some later-born siblings of children with ASD (HR infants). Careful observation of gesture development in the first two years of HR infants provides behavioral indicators of ASD's early detection.
Methods
This study enrolled 46 HR infants and 27 infants as a control group to explore HR infants' atypical developmental trajectories of gestures and gestures' predictive value of ASD's early detection. We evaluated gestures during 9–19 months. We conduct Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule assessment at 18–19 months.
Results
The HR group's developmental speed of JA gestures was lower than that of the LR group, and the trajectories of the two groups began to diverge at 14–18 months. Infants who reached the cutoff point for ASD showed insufficient gesture integrated with eye contact(G-E gestures), insufficient gesture integrated with any two communication skills(G-M gestures) at 15–16 months, and insufficient overall gestures, insufficient G-E gestures at 18–19 months.
Conclusions
The developmental trajectories of JA gestures of HR infants were different from LR infants. Overall gestures, G-E gestures, and G-M gestures were potential indicators of ASD's early detection.
Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR1900020791.
Correlated order at the tipping point in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5
Authors: Guo Chunyu , Wagner Glenn , Putzke Carsten , Chen Dong , Wang Kaize , Zhang Ling , Gutierrez-Amigo Martin , Errea Ion , Vergniory Maia , Felser Claudia , Fischer Mark , Neupert Titus , Moll Philip 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Spontaneously broken symmetries are at the heart of many phenomena of quantum matter and physics more generally. However, determining the exact symmetries broken can be challenging due to imperfections such as strain, in particular when multiple electronic orders form complex interactions. This is exemplified by charge order in some kagome systems, which are speculated to show nematicity and flux order from orbital currents. We fabricated highly symmetric samples of a member of this family, CsV3Sb5, and measured their transport properties. We find the absence of measurable anisotropy at any temperature in the unperturbed material, however, a striking in-plane transport anisotropy appears when either weak magnetic fields or strains are present. A symmetry analysis indicates that a perpendicular magnetic field can indeed lead to in-plane anisotropy by inducing a flux order coexisting with more conventional bond order. Our results provide a unifying picture for the controversial charge order in kagome metals and highlight the need for microscopic materials control in the identification of broken symmetries.
Construction of carbon quantum dots/riboflavin fluorescent probe and its application in the detection of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Fu Mingjun , Lan Yuwei , Bao Wenbin , Li Guowei , Lu Haiqin , Zhou Liya , Lan Huan , Mo Xixian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper synthesized blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots (b-CQDs) using a hydrothermal method, in which passionfruit shells is used as the carbon source and diethylenetriamine is used as the nitrogen source. The average particle size of the b-CQDs is 3.29 nm, and the quantum yield is 19.6%. Riboflavin was added to the CQDs to form a fluorescent probe with double emission peaks at 445 and 510 nm, belonging to b-CQDs and riboflavin, respectively. Their physical structure and optical properties were investigated by a series of characterizations. The results show that b-CQDs have good fluorescence stability. An experimental analysis showed that the addition of ciprofloxacin (CIP) to the fluorescent probe can significantly enhance the emission peak at 445 nm, whereas the emission peak at 510 nm remains unchanged. Accordingly, we constructed a ratio fluorescence method using b-CQDs/riboflavin as the fluorescent probe to detect CIP. In the water system, the I445 nm/I510 nm ratio of the fluorescent probe has an obvious linear relationship with CIP at a concentration of 0–250 µmol·L− 1. The linear equation obtained by fitting is I445 nm/I510 nm = 0.0028CCIP + 1.1510, where the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.9961 and the detection limit is 0.86 µmol·L− 1.
Inhibition of HIV-1 RT by semi purified extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves and docking studies of the compounds identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Roy Sreetama , Sanyal Debosmita , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Basu Sebanti , Chaubey Binay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Present antiretroviral therapy reduces the viremia among HIV infected individuals but fails to eradicate the viral genome from the host. Consequently, the infected individuals are not cured of HIV and they depend on the antiretroviral therapy for their life time. Frequent emergence of drug resistant strains and drug induced toxicity entails the development of new anti-HIV drugs. The present study evaluated the anti-HIV potential of guava leaf extracts.
Methods
Dried P.guajava L. leaves were subjected to bioassay guided fractionation using different solvents followed by silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. Viral inhibition was examined by in vitro primer extension and intrinsic fluorescence quenching and in cell culture by GFP reporter expression, RT-PCR and western blotting. Compounds were identified by HR-LCMS and analyzed in silico for interaction with HIV-1 RT.
Results
The chromatographically purified fraction A2 showed 97.3% inhibition of HIV-1 RT activity by in vitro primer extension assay and 87% quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of HIV-1 RT. In cell culture, ~72% and ~68% inhibition of viral replication was observed by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. By HR-LCMS, 11 compounds were identified in A2 fraction. Molecular docking indicated 5 of them, 18-acetoxy-PGF2alpha-11-acetate, irigenindibenzyl ether, colforsin, deoxygedunol acetate and dihydromyricetin strongly bind in the catalytic domain of HIV-1 RT. In silico analysis indicated 18-acetoxy-PGF2alpha-11-acetate interacted with HIV-1 RT similar to nevirapine, the known HIV-1 RT inhibitors. It showed -11.4 kcal/mol binding energy while the efavirenz and zidovudine the two positive controls had -6.2 and -6.3 kcal/mol binding energies, respectively.
Conclusions
The present findings indicate strong anti HIV potential of P. guajava extract. Further studies with the individual compounds will establish the P. guajava as cost effective complementary medicine as well as an alternative drug to counter the frequent emergence of new drug resistant strains of HIV.
Posterior Calot’s triangle approach would be a better choice for chronic atrophic cholecystitis: a retrospective controlled study
Authors: Zhong Hua , Li Shaoyin , Wu Xiaojian , Luo Fang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveCompare the clinical efficacy of anterior and posterior Calot’s triangle approach in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for chronic atrophic cholecystitis, to find out which approach is much safer and more reliable.MethodsFrom June 2020 to June 2022, 102 patients with chronic atrophic cholecystitis underwent LC in our hospital. They were divided into anterior Calot’s triangle approach group and posterior Calot’s triangle approach group. And their clinical data, intraoperative conditions, surgical results, and postoperative recovery were analyzed.ResultsLC was performed in 41 females and 28 males by the anterior Calot’s triangle approach, and in 20 females and 13 males by the posterior Calot’s triangle approach. There were no differences in age, gender, and BMI between the two groups (p > 0.05). The probability of rupture of cystic artery between both groups was not significantly different (p = 0.549), and the intraoperative blood loss was more in the anterior group (p = 0.014). The operative time of the posterior approach appeared to be shorter (p = 0.013). Bile duct injury and conversion to open cholecystectomy revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The recovery time of gastrointestinal function, wound infection, white blood cell count, liver function and postoperative hospital stay were found to be not significantly different (p > 0.05).ConclusionBy the posterior Calot’s triangle approach, LC is a convenient and feasible surgical procedure for chronic atrophic cholecystitis with less blood loss and can become easier to perform without increasing the risk of surgery.
Evaluation of serum nickel levels in some Syrian industrial workers with prostate cancer
Authors: Brrow Feras , Barguil Sophie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most common cancers among workers of various industries that depend on nickel extensively, through different mechanisms. Our present study is designed to estimate nickel concentrations in serum samples from patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group of healthy subjects. The study was carried out on 43 patients with prostate cancer at Al-Biruni University Hospital for Cancerous Diseases in Syria compared with 35 healthy controls. All measurements of serum were done with a graphite atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a deuterium lamp. Our results showed that patients with prostate cancer had significantly higher serum levels of Ni than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest that increased nickel serum levels are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in industrial workers through one of the carcinogenic mechanisms.
Phosphate Distribution at the Ferric (hydr)oxide-Water Interface: Individual and Simultaneous Effects of Bicarbonate and Calcium Ions
Authors: Sorid Md Aktaruzzaman , Islam Rashedul , Azad Md Takibul , Ganguli Sumon , Chakraborty Ashok Kumar , Kabir Mahbub , Sabur Md Abdus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-) are typically high in natural waters and can enhance internal phosphate (PO4) loading from sediment to the overlying water. However, chemical constituents at the sediment-water interface controlling bicarbonate-induced PO4 mobility are poorly understood. This study evaluates the individual and simultaneous effects of HCO3- and calcium (Ca2+) ions on the mobility of PO4 at the ferric (hydr)oxides-water interface by conducting PO4 adsorption pH envelope and desorption experiments. Results from the individual PO4 adsorption pH envelope experiments show that HCO3- competes with PO4 for the surface binding sites and decreases PO4 adsorption to ferric (hydr)oxides. In contrast, Ca2+ exerts the opposite effect to HCO3- and enhances PO4 adsorption and these effects of HCO3- and Ca2+ are highly pH dependent and intensified under alkaline conditions. For instance, PO4 adsorption decreased by 30% and increased by 32% at pH 8 in the presence of 0.25 mM HCO3- and Ca2+, respectively, compared to the adsorption in 10 mM NaCl, which are 39 and 67% at pH 9. The PO4 desorption pH envelope experiments display a similar pattern as of adsorption pH envelope. However, the amount of adsorbed-PO4 desorbed at a given pH is lower than the amount expected from adsorption studies. This partial release of adsorbed-PO4 implies the immobilization of PO4 at the solid surface, potentially via the formation of stronger surface complexes. Therefore, the high concentrations of HCO3- may increase PO4 mobility in the aqueous phase by restricting the re-adsorption of sediment released-PO4 rather than by PO4 description from sediment mineral surfaces. However, this competitive effect of HCO3- may be minor in the system buffered by calcite dissolution.
High-sensitive and Background-free Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy Using Delay Modulation
Authors: wang pu , Wu Fan , Li Shangyu , Chen Xun , Yue Shuhua , Hong Weili 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful platform for label-free, non-invasive, and chemically specific imaging of biological samples. Yet, the non-resonant background hinders its sensitive detection of weak Raman bands. Here, we demonstrate an approach to remove the non-resonant background in CARS based on delay modulation (DM), enabled by an acousto-optic modulator and spectral focusing. We show that the DM-CARS reduces the background by 10 times and achieves a detection sensitivity of 3ⅹ105 molecules at a time constant of 7 μs, a 100 fold improvement over normal CARS. We demonstrated the potential clinical applications of DM-CARS in tracking heavy water metabolism in bacteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, which is challenging using normal CARS, and a fiber-delivered handheld DM-CARS device for liver tumor tissue imaging.
Lung Aeration Estimated by Chest Electrical Impedance Tomography and Lung Ultrasound during Extubation
Authors: Joussellin Vincent , Bonny Vincent , Spadaro Savino , Clerc Sébastien , Parfait Mélodie , Ferioli Martina , Sieye Antonin , Jalil Yorschua , Janiak Vincent , Pinna Andrea , Dres Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: This study hypothesized that patients with extubation failure exhibit a loss of lung aeration and heterogeneity in air distribution, which could be monitored by chest EIT and lung ultrasound.
Methods:Patients at risk of extubation failure were included after a successful spontaneous breathing trial. Lung ultrasound (with calculation of lung ultrasound score (LUS)) and chest EIT (with calculation of the Global inhomogeneity index, front-back Center of ventilation (CoV), Regional ventilation delay (RVD) and Surface available for ventilation) were performed before extubation during pressure support ventilation (H0) and two hours after extubation during spontaneous breathing (H2). EIT was then repeated six hours (H6) after extubation. EIT derived indices and LUS were compared between patients successfully extubated and patients with extubation failure.
Results: 40 patients were included, of whom 12 (30%) failed extubation. Before extubation, as compared to patients with successful extubation, patients who failed extubation had a higher LUS (19 vs 10, p=0.003) and a smaller Surface available for ventilation (352 vs 406 pixels, p=0.042). After extubation, GI index and LUS were higher in the extubation failure group, whereas Surface available for ventilation was lower. The RVD and the CoV were not different between groups.
Conclusion: Before extubation, a loss of lung aeration was observed in patients who developed extubation failure afterwards. After extubation, this loss of lung aeration persisted and was associated with regional lung ventilation heterogeneity.
Trial registration: Clinical trials, NCT04180410, Registered 27 November 2019 – prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04180410.