bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive lattice boltzmann method based on nodal linked-list data structure
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yao Jieke , Zhang Min , Hu Xiao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) technique based on nodal linked-list data structure for lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is proposed in this paper. It makes connections between nodal linked-list data structure which is hierarchical and LBM calculation to retain the simplicity of LBM. Based on uniform meshes, the adaptive algorithm refines the meshes by constructing the linked-list of nodes and levels for mesh levels refined. In the nodal linked-list data structure, the relationships for nodal neighbors and upper and lower level indexes of nodes are appointed to help implement the LBM process in the different mesh levels. To guarantee precise transmission of flow field information and numerical stability in the different mesh levels, the average interpolation for temporal and spatial space is used, which chimes in with the accuracy of LBM itself. To verify the present method, flows over square cylinder at Re=30 and circle cylinder at Re=200 are carried out.
Effect of dielectric barrier discharge methane reforming products on the combustion performance of rocket engine
Authors: Deng Bo Yuan , Wei Yanghong , Zhu Shao Peng , Che Xueke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Although the low-thrust liquid oxygen/methane rocket engine has broad application prospects, the low flame propagation speed and low combustion rate of methane fuel make the liquid oxygen/methane engine still face key technical challenges. Methane fuel is partially converted into hydrogen and ethane with higher combustion rate before being injected into the combustion chamber, which is positive for the use of dielectric barrier to improve the combustion performance of the engine. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of the main four products of dielectric barrier discharge reforming with methane conversion rate of 10%, on the flow field of the combustion chamber. The results show that the addition of reforming products can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the engine. H2 in the reforming product can also improve the specific impulse performance of the engine by increasing the total pressure of the engine chamber. C2H4 will not affect the maximum temperature of the engine, However, it can expand the medium-high temperature range of engine temperature to different degrees. The addition of H2 accelerates the oxygen consumption rate, which provides a feasible way to reduce the design size of the engine and improve the combustion efficiency of the low-thrust engine.
Implementation of instantaneous comparison methods in temperature gradient evaluation of stirred liquid temperature baths
Authors: Cheung Julian C.P. , Tsui C.M. , Lam Brenda H.S. , Leung C.M. , Ma Stanley C.F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Temperature gradient is an important performance indicator of a stirred liquid bath. Its evaluation requires measuring the temperature differences between different bath positions. A common way to do that is to place two SPRTs at two positions and measure their resistances against a standard resistor (R
SPRT1/R
S and R
SPRT2/R
S) sequentially (the sequential method). A drawback of this method is the existence of a time gap between the two measurements rendering the results susceptible to temporal temperature variation. The instantaneous comparisons method offers a better solution by measuring the resistance ratio of two SPRTs directly (R
SPRT1/R
SPRT2) and deriving their temperature difference at the same moment eliminating the time gap. To implement this method at the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) of Hong Kong, the resistance ratio of SPRT1 to a standard resistor (R
SPRT1/R
s) is firstly measured to determine the initial bath temperature. After that, the resistance ratios of SPRT1 to SPRT2 (R
SPRT1/R
SPRT2) are measured with the two SPRTs placed at different positions and immersion depths in the bath. This paper describes the derivation of the temperature difference from the SPRT resistance ratio using the ITS-90 reference equations and the estimation of the measurement uncertainties. The potential of reducing the uncertainties of measured temperature gradient by leveraging the correlation of the two SPRTs calibrated at the same set of temperature fixed points is discussed. The paper also compares the calibration results obtained by the instantaneous comparisons method and the sequential method.
A compact dication source for Ba2+ tagging and heavy metal ion sensor development
Authors: Navarro K.E. , Baeza-Rubio J. , Boyd M. , Foss F.W. , Giri S. , Jones B.J.P. , Miller R.L. , Nygren D.R. , Samaniego F.J. , Stogsdill K. , Tiscareno M.R. , Adams C. , Almazán H. , Álvarez V. , Aparicio B. , Aranburu A.I. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I.J. , Ayet S. , Azevedo C.D.R. , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , del Barrio-Torregrosa M. , Bayo A. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J.M. , Borges F.I.G.M. , Bounasser S. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J.V. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Cid L. , Conde C.A.N. , Contreras T. , Cossío F.P. , Dey E. , Díaz G. , Dickel T. , Elorza M. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Fahs A. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L.M.P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A.L. , Freitas E.D.C. , Freixa Z. , Generowicz J. , Goldschmidt A. , Gómez-Cadenas J.J. , González R. , Grocott J. , Guenette R. , Haefner J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C.A.O. , Hernando Morata J.A. , Herrero-Gómez P. , Herrero V. , Hervés Carrete C. , Ho J. , Ho P. , Ifergan Y. , Labarga L. , Larizgoitia L. , Lebrun P. , Lopez F. , Lopez Gutierrez D. , López-March N. , Madigan R. , Mano R.D.P. , Marques A.P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Meziani Z.E. , Mistry K. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Mora F.J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Novella P. , Nuñez A. , Oblak E. , Odriozola-Gimeno M. , Palacio J. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Parmaksiz I. , Pelegrin J. , Pérez Maneiro M. , Querol M. , Redwine A.B. , Renner J. , Rivilla I. , Rodríguez J. , Rogero C. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F.P. , dos Santos J.M.F. , Simón A. , Soleti S.R. , Sorel M. , Stanford C. , Teixeira J.M.R. , Toledo J.F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J.F.C.A. , Vuong T.T. , Waiton J. , White J.T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a tunable metal ion beam that delivers
controllable ion currents in the picoamp range for testing of
dry-phase ion sensors. Ion beams are formed by sequential atomic
evaporation and single or multiple electron impact ionization,
followed by acceleration into a sensing region. Controllability of
the ionic charge state is achieved through tuning of electrode
potentials that influence the retention time in the ionization
region. Barium, lead, and cadmium samples have been used to test the
system, with ion currents identified and quantified using a
quadrupole mass analyzer. Realization of a clean Ba2+
ion beam within a bench-top system represents an important technical
advance toward the development and characterization of barium
tagging systems for neutrinoless double beta decay searches in xenon
gas. This system also provides a testbed for investigation of novel
ion sensing methodologies for environmental assay applications, with
dication beams of Pb2+ and Cd2+ also demonstrated for this
purpose.
A new method for evaluating the stability of radon concentration in a radon chamber
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Zhang Xiongjie , Zhang Yan , Zhang Ye , Tian Xingyu , Huang Rengui , Cao Jie , Tang Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Evaluation of the stability of radon concentration in a
radon chamber is a critical part of the quality controls of a radon
chamber to ensure the better performance. However, the existing
evaluation method focus on giving the relative percentage difference
between the individual observation value and the reference
average. This index only reflects the evaluation results of
short-term measurements and fails to provide available information
that reflects the long-term stability of observation data. This
paper presents a new evaluation method, Trend Analysis. The proposed
method allowed to give a quick response to trend changes and
abnormal results in observation data to find out the time interval
that required special concern. Two stability tests were conducted in
the HD-6 multi-functional radon chamber, and the results obtained
from this method application were presented. In two tests, the radon
concentration in the radon chamber was measured for 72 hours. The
first 24 hours of observation data were used to analyze the
stability, and the following 48 hours of observation data were used
to verify the analysis results. Compared with the existing method,
the evaluation method proposed in this paper increases the
recognition of trends in observation data, thereby further
predicting anomalies in subsequent data. Tests have proved that this
method is very useful for evaluating the stability of radon
concentration in a radon chamber.
Signal processing to reduce dark noise impact in precision timing
Authors: White Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We introduce a technique to mitigate the effects of low frequency noise on precision timing.
The example of Dark Count Noise Rate (DCR) in Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) is emphasized.
This technique exploits the correlation between time shifts on
the leading edge of a signal and the residual slope of the baseline (due to noise) which remains
after baseline subtraction.

In fast timing applications (such as for Time-of-flight particle ID) the signal arrival time is typically captured on the signal leading edge.
The signal risetime is often fixed by the physics of the sensor and input circuit. Then accurate pulse timing can be achieved by correcting a leading edge threshold time (depending on a slope proportional to both the Amplitude and the risetime) to a “constant fraction” time.
This compensation for time walk due to amplitude fluctuations breaks down once we introduce interference from low frequency noise on the leading edge. In this paper we demonstrate that an additional measurement of the slope at threshold can be used to correct for this noise jitter.
Isotopic composition and emission characteristics of CO2 and CH4 in glacial lakes of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Fangping , Du Zhiheng , Pu Tao , Xu Qian , Wang Lei , Ma Ruifang , Zhang Chao , Yu Zhengliang , Li Chaoliu , Kang Shichang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from freshwater ecosystems are predicted to increase under climate warming. However, freshwater ecosystems in glacierized regions differ critically from those in non-glacierized regions. The potential emissions of CO2 and CH4 from glacierized environments in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) were only recently recognized. Here, the first direct measurement of CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes and isotopic composition during the spring of 2022 in 13 glacial lakes of the TP revealed that glacial lakes were the previously overlooked CO2 sinks due to chemical weathering in glacierized regions. The daily average CO2 flux was −5.1 ± 4.4 mmol m−2 d−1, and the CO2 consumption could reach 38.9 Gg C-CO2 yr−1 by all glacial lakes in the TP. This consumption might be larger during summer when glaciers experience intensive melting, highlighting the importance of CO2 uptake by glacial lakes on the global carbon cycle. However, the studied glacial lakes were CH4 sources with total emission flux ranging from 4.4 ± 3.3 to 4082.5 ± 795.6 μmol m−2 d−1. The large CH4 range was attributed to ebullition found in three of the glacial lakes. Low dissolved organic carbon concentrations and CH4 oxidation might be responsible for the low CH4 diffusive fluxes of glacial lakes without ebullition. In addition, groundwater input could alter CO2 and CH4 emissions from glacial lakes. CH4 in glacial lakes probably had a thermogenic source; whereas CO2 was influenced mainly by atmospheric input, as well as organic matter remineralization and CH4 oxidation. Overall, glacial lakes in the TP play an important role in the global carbon cycle and budget, and more detailed isotopic and microbial studies are needed to constrain the contributions of different pathways to CO2 and CH4 production, consumption and emissions.
Sensors for the measurement of shear stress and shear strain-a review on materials, fabrication, devices, and applications
Authors: Tariq Asra , Behravesh Amir , Rizvi Ghaus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShear sensors are used for measuring shear stress and shear strain in solid bodies when mechanical forces are applied. For the preparation of these sensors, researchers reported innovative materials either alone or in the form of blends, alloys, and composites. Shear sensors are not easily available for purchase, therefore, this review focuses on the working principles of various kinds of shear sensors being explored by researchers. Several technologies and materials are used, such as piezoelectric materials, piezoresistive materials, Fiber Bragg Grating, capacitive sensing, and structural colors. This article also looks at fabrication-based challenges that restrict the commercial use of shear sensors. A variety of shear sensor devices are evaluated for measuring shear stress/strain for many different applications such as health monitoring and biomedical, robotics, and or fracture in materials.
Unveiling the link between rainfall, temperature, and childhood undernutrition in Bangladesh using spatial analysis
Authors: Khan Jahidur Rahman , Bakar K Shuvo , Hossain Mohammad Sorowar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Child undernutrition is still a major public health concern in Bangladesh in spite of significant decline in the last few years. Climate change may impact the prevalence of undernutrition and its geographical variability through food security and recurring outbreaks of disease, as well as impede efforts to reduce the undernutrition burden. This study aims to evaluate rainfall and temperature associated with childhood malnutrition in Bangladesh. A spatial mixed effect logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between undernutrition (measured by the composite index of anthropometric failure) and residential area-level rainfall and temperatures, controlling for covariates and spatial effects of residential locations using national data from the 2017 to 2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Our findings indicate that an increase in rainfall was associated with increased odds of undernutrition [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.24], whereas an increase in temperature was associated with decreased odds of undernutrition (AOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.93). We also found statistically significant structured and unstructured spatial variations in undernutrition, indicating locational effects. Investing in infrastructure and education could be potential strategies for mitigating the negative effects of climate change. High-risk regions in terms of climatic change and malnutrition could be given priority for intervention implementation.
Complex interventions for improving independent living and quality of life amongst community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ho Leonard , Malden Stephen , McGill Kris , Shimonovich Michal , Frost Helen , Aujla Navneet , Ho Iris S-S , Shenkin Susan D , Hanratty Barbara , Mercer Stewart W , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
community-based complex interventions for older adults have a variety of names, including Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, but often share core components such as holistic needs assessment and care planning.

Objective
to summarise evidence for the components and effectiveness of community-based complex interventions for improving older adults’ independent living and quality of life (QoL).

Methods
we searched nine databases and trial registries to February 2022 for randomised controlled trials comparing complex interventions to usual care. Primary outcomes included living at home and QoL. Secondary outcomes included mortality, hospitalisation, institutionalisation, cognitive function and functional status. We pooled data using risk ratios (RRs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
we included 50 trials of mostly moderate quality. Most reported using holistic assessment (94%) and care planning (90%). Twenty-seven (54%) involved multidisciplinary care, with 29.6% delivered mainly by primary care teams without geriatricians. Nurses were the most frequent care coordinators. Complex interventions increased the likelihood of living at home (RR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00–1.10; moderate-quality evidence) but did not affect QoL. Supported by high-quality evidence, they reduced mortality (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.77–0.96), enhanced cognitive function (SMD 0.12; 95% CI 0.02–0.22) and improved instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) (SMD 0.11; 95% CI 0.01–0.21) and combined basic/instrumental ADLs (SMD 0.08; 95% CI 0.03–0.13).

Conclusions
complex interventions involving holistic assessment and care planning increased the chance of living at home, reduced mortality and improved cognitive function and some ADLs.
A dual-modal graph learning framework for identifying interaction events among chemical and biotech drugs
Authors: Ru Zhongying , Wu Yangyang , Shao Jinning , Yin Jianwei , Qian Linghui , Miao Xiaoye 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Drug–drug interaction (DDI) identification is essential to clinical medicine and drug discovery. The two categories of drugs (i.e. chemical drugs and biotech drugs) differ remarkably in molecular properties, action mechanisms, etc. Biotech drugs are up-to-comers but highly promising in modern medicine due to higher specificity and fewer side effects. However, existing DDI prediction methods only consider chemical drugs of small molecules, not biotech drugs of large molecules. Here, we build a large-scale dual-modal graph database named CB-DB and customize a graph-based framework named CB-TIP to reason event-aware DDIs for both chemical and biotech drugs. CB-DB comprehensively integrates various interaction events and two heterogeneous kinds of molecular structures. It imports endogenous proteins founded on the fact that most drugs take effects by interacting with endogenous proteins. In the modality of molecular structure, drugs and endogenous proteins are two heterogeneous kinds of graphs, while in the modality of interaction, they are nodes connected by events (i.e. edges of different relationships). CB-TIP employs graph representation learning methods to generate drug representations from either modality and then contrastively mixes them to predict how likely an event occurs when a drug meets another in an end-to-end manner. Experiments demonstrate CB-TIP’s great superiority in DDI prediction and the promising potential of uncovering novel DDIs.
PS-Net: human perception-guided segmentation network for EM cell membrane
Authors: Shi Ruohua , Bi Keyan , Du Kai , Ma Lei , Fang Fang , Duan Lingyu , Jiang Tingting , Huang Tiejun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Cell membrane segmentation in electron microscopy (EM) images is a crucial step in EM image processing. However, while popular approaches have achieved performance comparable to that of humans on low-resolution EM datasets, they have shown limited success when applied to high-resolution EM datasets. The human visual system, on the other hand, displays consistently excellent performance on both low and high resolutions. To better understand this limitation, we conducted eye movement and perceptual consistency experiments. Our data showed that human observers are more sensitive to the structure of the membrane while tolerating misalignment, contrary to commonly used evaluation criteria. Additionally, our results indicated that the human visual system processes images in both global–local and coarse-to-fine manners.

Results
Based on these observations, we propose a computational framework for membrane segmentation that incorporates these characteristics of human perception. This framework includes a novel evaluation metric, the perceptual Hausdorff distance (PHD), and an end-to-end network called the PHD-guided segmentation network (PS-Net) that is trained using adaptively tuned PHD loss functions and a multiscale architecture. Our subjective experiments showed that the PHD metric is more consistent with human perception than other criteria, and our proposed PS-Net outperformed state-of-the-art methods on both low- and high-resolution EM image datasets as well as other natural image datasets.

Availability and implementation
The code and dataset can be found at https://github.com/EmmaSRH/PS-Net.
Effect of IGF1 and FSH on the function of granulosa cells from prehierarchal follicles in chickens
Authors: Francoeur Laurie , Scoville Deena M , Johnson Patricia A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is an essential regulator of mammalian follicle development and synergizes with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to amplify its effects. In avian preovulatory follicles, IGF1 increases the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis and progesterone and inhibin A production. The role of IGF1 in prehierarchal follicles has not been well studied in chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IGF1 in granulosa cells from prehierarchal follicles and to determine whether IGF1 and FSH synergize to promote follicle development. Granulosa cells of 3–5 and 6–8 mm prehierarchal follicles were cultured with IGF1 (0, 10, 100 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of FSH (0, 10 ng/mL). Cell proliferation, expression of genes important in follicle development (FSHR, IGF1R, AMH, STAR, CYP11A1, INHA, and INHBA), and progesterone production were evaluated following treatment. IGF1 treatment alone significantly increased STAR, CYP11A1, and INHBA mRNA expression and cell proliferation in granulosa cells of 6–8 mm follicles. IGF1 and FSH synergized to increase STAR mRNA expression in 6–8 mm follicles. IGF1 and FSH co-treatment were necessary to increase INHA mRNA expression in 6–8 mm follicles. Although IGF1 significantly increased the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, progesterone production in granulosa cells of 6–8 mm follicles was not affected. IGF1 did not affect AMH mRNA expression, although FSH significantly decreased AMH expression in granulosa cells of 3–5 mm follicles. These results suggest that IGF1 may act with FSH to promote follicle selection at the prehierarchal follicle stage.