bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Call to action: Clinical pharmacist roles and opportunities in health disparities research
Authors: Marrs Joel C. , Formea Christine M. , Abdalla Maha , Brual Rochelle L. , Crowe Susie J. , Freibert Kirstie H. , Herink Megan C. , Hoffman Alexander R. , Philbrick Ann M. , Prescott Gina M. , Shahdoost Moghadam Sara , Zhou Crystal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe roles clinical pharmacists can play in addressing health equity and eliminating health disparities span the areas of quality of care, access to care, use of care, and health outcomes. Through this call to action, we address the importance of dismantling health disparities and describe the potential barriers and challenges to clinical pharmacists becoming involved with and performing health disparities research. Furthermore, we identify solutions to these barriers and challenges by highlighting opportunities for clinical pharmacists to seek training and identify potential funding sources for health disparities research. In addition, we provide examples of previous health disparities research conducted by pharmacists across a wide spectrum of patient populations, areas of practice, and types of research. The goal moving forward is to continue to promote current training opportunities to allow clinical pharmacists to develop and/or improve on their research skillset to expand pharmacist‐led research within the focus area of health disparities and ultimately serve as leaders and collaborators in the area.
Synthesis of CexZr1‐xO2/SiO2 supports for chromium oxide catalysts of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with carbon dioxide
Authors: Mashkin Mikhail Yu. , Tedeeva Marina A. , Fedorova Anna A. , Fatula Evgeniya R. , Egorov Alexander V. , Dvoryak Stanislav V. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Knotko Alexander V. , Baranchikov Alexander E. , Kapustin Gennadii I. , Petukhov Dmitrii I. , Shatalova Tatyana B. , Morozov Igor V. , Kustov Leonid M. , Kustov Alexander L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPropane dehydrogenation is an alternative way both to produce propylene and to utilize CO2. Because of the high oxygen mobility in cerium‐zirconium oxide (CexZr1‐xO2), it looks promising as a support for the chromium oxide catalysts of propane dehydrogenation with CO2. Supports of CexZr1‐xO2 on mesoporous silica were synthesized in this work to combine the high oxygen mobility of the former and the pore structure of the latter.RESULTSTwo applied synthetic approaches resulted in materials with different structure and properties. The wet impregnated catalysts demonstrated a higher activity and selectivity to propylene. At the same time, they had larger pore size distribution maxima (~9 nm) than the samples prepared by the introduction of metals simultaneously with Si‐precursor hydrolysis (~2 nm). For the chromium catalysts with the same support, the catalytic activity decreased with varying chromium loading as follows: 5% Cr > 3% Cr ≈ 7% Cr. For the catalysts with different CexZr1‐xO2 supports and equal chromium loading, the activity decreased with x changing as follows: 0.5 > 0.6 > 0.8 for the samples prepared by wet impregnation, and 0.8 ≈ 0.6 > 0.5 for the other synthetic path.CONCLUSIONSCatalysts were tested in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane with CO2. The wet impregnation approach turned out to be much more promising in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity to propylene in the reaction of propane dehydrogenation with CO2. The selectivity achieved was ≤80% at a 40% conversion. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Expanded carrier screening for reproductive risk assessment: An evidence‐based practice guideline from the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Sagaser Katelynn G. , Malinowski Jennifer , Westerfield Lauren , Proffitt Jennifer , Hicks Melissa A. , Toler Tomi L. , Blakemore Karin J. , Stevens Blair K. , Oakes Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExpanded carrier screening (ECS) intends to broadly screen healthy individuals to determine their reproductive chance for autosomal recessive (AR) and X‐linked (XL) conditions with infantile or early‐childhood onset, which may impact reproductive management (Committee Opinion 690, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017, 129, e35). Compared to ethnicity‐based screening, which requires accurate knowledge of ancestry for optimal test selection and appropriate risk assessment, ECS panels consist of tens to hundreds of AR and XL conditions that may be individually rare in various ancestries but offer a comprehensive approach to inherited disease screening. As such, the term “equitable carrier screening” may be preferable. This practice guideline provides evidence‐based recommendations for ECS using the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework (Guyatt et al., BMJ, 2008, 336, 995; Guyatt et al., BMJ, 2008, 336, 924). We used evidence from a recent systematic evidence review (Ramdaney et al., Genetics in Medicine, 2022, 20, 374) and compiled data from peer‐reviewed literature, scientific meetings, and clinical experience. We defined and prioritized the outcomes of informed consent, change in reproductive plans, yield in identification of at‐risk carrier pairs/pregnancies, perceived barriers to ECS, amount of provider time spent, healthcare costs, frequency of severely/profoundly affected offspring, incidental findings, uncertain findings, patient satisfaction, and provider attitudes. Despite the recognized barriers to implementation and change in management strategies, this analysis supported implementation of ECS for these outcomes. Based upon the current level of evidence, we recommend ECS be made available for all individuals considering reproduction and all pregnant reproductive pairs, as ECS presents an ethnicity‐based carrier screening alternative which does not rely on race‐based medicine. The final decision to pursue carrier screening should be directed by shared decision‐making, which takes into account specific features of patients as well as their preferences and values. As a periconceptional reproductive risk assessment tool, ECS is superior compared to ethnicity‐based carrier screening in that it both identifies more carriers of AR and XL conditions as well as eliminates a single race‐based medical practice. ECS should be offered to all who are currently pregnant, considering pregnancy, or might otherwise biologically contribute to pregnancy. Barriers to the broad implementation of and access to ECS should be identified and addressed so that test performance for carrier screening will not depend on social constructs such as race.
Simultaneous Highly Efficient Contrast‐Free Lumen and Vessel Wall MR Imaging for Anatomical Assessment of Aortic Disease
Authors: Munoz Camila , Fotaki Anastasia , Hua Alina , Hajhosseiny Reza , Kunze Karl P. , Ismail Tevfik F. , Neji Radhouene , Pushparajah Kuberan , Botnar René M. , Prieto Claudia 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundBright‐blood lumen and black‐blood vessel wall imaging are required for the comprehensive assessment of aortic disease. These images are usually acquired separately, resulting in long examinations and potential misregistration between images.PurposeTo characterize the performance of an accelerated and respiratory motion‐compensated three‐dimensional (3D) cardiac MRI technique for simultaneous contrast‐free aortic lumen and vessel wall imaging with an interleaved T2 and inversion recovery prepared sequence (iT2Prep‐BOOST).Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 30 consecutive patients with aortopathy referred for a clinically indicated cardiac MRI examination (9 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 32 ± 12 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T; bright‐blood MR angiography (diaphragmatic navigator‐gated T2‐prepared 3D balanced steady‐state free precession [bSSFP], T2Prep‐bSSFP), breath‐held black‐blood two‐dimensional (2D) half acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), and 3D bSSFP iT2Prep‐BOOST.AssessmentiT2Prep‐BOOST bright‐blood images were compared to T2prep‐bSSFP images in terms of aortic vessel dimensions, lumen‐to‐myocardium contrast ratio (CR), and image quality (diagnostic confidence, vessel sharpness and presence of artifacts, assessed by three cardiologists on a 4‐point scale, 1: nondiagnostic to 4: excellent). The iT2Prep‐BOOST black‐blood images were compared to 2D HASTE images for quantification of wall thickness. A visual comparison between computed tomography (CT) and iT2Prep‐BOOST was performed in a patient with chronic aortic dissection.Statistical TestsPaired t‐tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsBright‐blood iT2Prep‐BOOST resulted in significantly improved image quality (mean ± standard deviation 3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.3 ± 0.8) and CR (2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.8 ± 0.5) compared with T2Prep‐bSSFP, with a shorter scan time (7.8 ± 1.7 minutes vs. 12.9 ± 3.4 minutes) while providing a complementary 3D black‐blood image. Aortic lumen diameter and vessel wall thickness measurements in bright‐blood and black‐blood images were in good agreement with T2Prep‐bSSFP and HASTE images (<0.02 cm and <0.005 cm bias, respectively) and good intrareader (ICC > 0.96) and interreader (ICC > 0.94) agreement was observed for all measurements.Data ConclusioniT2Prep‐BOOST might enable time‐efficient simultaneous bright‐ and black‐blood aortic imaging, with improved image quality compared to T2Prep‐bSSFP and HASTE imaging, and comparable measurements for aortic wall and lumen dimensions.Evidence Level2.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Comparable humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron variant BA.4/5 of once‐boosted BA.1/2 convalescents and twice‐boosted COVID‐19‐naïve individuals
Authors: Kang Chang Kyung , Kim Min‐Gang , Park Seong‐wook , Kim Yong‐Woo , Lee Chan Mi , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam Joong , Kim Minji , Lee Soojin , Kim Ik Soo , Lee Chang‐Han , Shin Hyun Mu , Kim Hang‐Rae , Oh Myoung‐don 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe fourth vaccination dose confers additional protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in individuals with no prior coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). However, its immunological benefit against currently circulating BA.4/5 is unclear in individuals who have received a booster shot and been infected with Omicron variant BA.1/2. We analyzed immune responses in whom had been boosted once and did not have COVID‐19 (n = 16), boosted once and had COVID‐19 when BA.1/2 was dominant in Korea (Hybrid‐6M group, n = 27), and boosted twice and did not have COVID‐19 (Vx4 group, n = 15). Antibody binding activities against RBDo BA.1 and RBDo BA.4/5, antigen‐specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses against BA.4/5, and B‐cell responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type did not differ statistically between the Hybrid‐6M and Vx4 groups. The humoral and cellular immune responses of the Hybrid‐6M group against BA.4/5 were comparable to those of the Vx4 group. Individuals who had been boosted and had an Omicron infection in early 2022 may not have high priority for an additional vaccination.
Monkeypox outbreak in Genoa, Italy: Clinical, laboratory, histopathologic features, management, and outcome of the infected patients
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Di Biagio Antonio , Bruzzone Bianca , Guadagno Antonio , Taramasso Lucia , Oddenino Giorgio , Brucci Giorgia , Labate Laura , De Pace Vanessa , Mastrolonardo Mario , Broccolo Francesco , Robello Giacomo , Drago Francesco , Bassetti Matteo , Parodi Aurora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince May 2022, multiple human Monkeypox cases were identified in nonendemic countries, mainly among men who have sex with men. We aimed to report the features, clinical course, management, and outcome of the Monkeypox cases diagnosed in the Dermatology and Infectious Disease Units of the San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy. We performed an observational study of the Monkeypox cases diagnosed from July 1 until August 31, 2022, collecting clinical, laboratory, and histological data. We studied 16 Monkeypox‐infected men (14 homosexual, 2 bisexual) with a median age of 37 years. Three were HIV‐infected. All patients reported multiple sexual partners and/or unprotected sex in the 2 weeks before the diagnosis. Most patients had prodromal signs/symptoms before the appearance of the skin/mucosal eruption, consisting of erythematous papules/vesicles/pustules in the anogenital area, which tended to erode evolving into crusts and ulcers. Lesions were often associated with local and/or systemic symptoms. Histopathology showed overlapping features in all cases: epidermal ulceration and dermal inflammatory infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and neutrophils with an interstitial and perivascular/peri‐adnexal pattern and endothelial swelling. Concomitant sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (gonococcal/nongonococcal proctitis and anal high‐risk human papillomavirus [HR‐HPV] infection) were frequent. Four patients were hospitalized, and one received specific treatment. The overall outcome was good. At the follow‐up visit, three patients presented skin scars. Our series confirms the features of the current Monkeypox outbreak; however, different from other studies, we found a considerable rate of concomitant STIs, such as anal HR‐HPV infection, that should be kept in mind because this persistent infection is the main cause of anal cancers.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of kidney tissues from severe COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Radovic Shawn , Meng Wen , Chen Luping , Paniz Mondolfi Alberto E. , Bryce Clare , Grimes Zachary , Sordillo Emilia M. , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Guo Haitao , Huang Yufei , Gao Shou‐Jiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) manifests diverse clinical pathologies involving multiple organs. While the respiratory tract is the primary SARS‐CoV‐2 target, acute kidney injury is common in COVID‐19 patients, displaying as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) resulting from focal epithelial necrosis and eosinophilia, glomerulosclerosis, and autolysis of renal tubular cells. However, whether any renal cells are infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 and the mechanism involved in the COVID‐19 kidney pathology remain unclear.MethodsKidney tissues obtained at autopsy from four severe COVID‐19 patients and one healthy subject were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay was performed to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 and nonstructural protein 8 (NSP8) together with markers of different kidney cell types and immune cells to identify the infected cells.ResultsRenal parenchyma showed tissue injury comprised of ATN and glomerulosclerosis. Positive staining of S1 protein was observed in renal parenchymal and tubular epithelial cells. Evidence of viral infection was also observed in innate monocytes/macrophages and NK cells. Positive staining of NSP8, which is essential for viral RNA synthesis and replication, was confirmed in renal parenchymal cells, indicating the presence of active viral replication in the kidney.ConclusionsIn fatal COVID‐19 kidneys, there are SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, minimally infiltrated innate immune cells, and evidence of viral replication, which could contribute to tissue damage in the form of ATN and glomerulosclerosis.
Persistent circulation of soluble and extracellular vesicle‐linked Spike protein in individuals with postacute sequelae of COVID‐19
Authors: Craddock Vaughn , Mahajan Aatish , Spikes Leslie , Krishnamachary Balaji , Ram Anil K. , Kumar Ashok , Chen Ling , Chalise Prabhakar , Dhillon Navneet K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTSARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, has resulted in the death of millions worldwide since the beginning of the pandemic in December 2019. While much progress has been made to understand acute manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, less is known about post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC). We investigated the levels of both Spike protein (Spike) and viral RNA circulating in patients hospitalized with acute COVID‐19 and in patients with and without PASC. We found that Spike and viral RNA were more likely to be present in patients with PASC. Among these patients, 30% were positive for both Spike and viral RNA; whereas, none of the individuals without PASC were positive for both. The levels of Spike and/or viral RNA in the PASC+ve patients were found to be increased or remained the same as in the acute phase; whereas, in the PASC−ve group, these viral components decreased or were totally absent. Additionally, this is the first report to show that part of the circulating Spike is linked to extracellular vesicles without any presence of viral RNA in these vesicles. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Spike and/or viral RNA fragments persist in the recovered COVID‐19 patients with PASC up to 1 year or longer after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Macaque fossils (Cercopithecidae: Papionini) from the Kumok Cave, Sungho County, North Hwanghae Province, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Authors: Han Kum Sik , So Kwang Sik , Ri Jae Nam , Ri Pin , Chol U , Kang Jin Gon 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe recently discovered macaque fossils, including mandible, maxilla fragments and isolated teeth, from the Kumok Cave, Sungho County, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea can be identified as Macaca mulatta. They represent the first recognised occurrence of fossil M. mulatta in the Kumok Cave. The Kumok Cave sediments include seven layers, of which the macaque fossils were found only in the third layer. Thermoluminescence dating on a calcite sample from Layer 3 is about 86.1 ± 7.7 ka, and geochronology by the accompanying mammal fauna belongs to the Late Pleistocene, Thus, it indicates that Layer 3 was represented by a warm phase at the end of the pre‐Würm interglacial Epoch. The Kumok fossils also contribute to the growing primate fossil record in DPRK, and indicate the need for increased research into fossil primates in that country.
Improved antioxidant activity of rutin via lipase‐mediated esterification with oleic acid
Authors: Liu Yihang , Wang Qingzhi , Liu Chen , Yang Haonan , Jia Li , Zhao Litao , Gong Fayong , Tan Chen , Tao Hongxun , He Wen‐Sen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidation is a major problem for oils and fats, which can be mitigated by antioxidants. Rutin has excellent antioxidant activity, but its poor lipid solubility greatly limits its practical application. In this study, an efficient enzymatic synthesis route of lipophilic rutin ester was established using oleic acid as an acyl donor, and the antioxidant potential of rutin oleate was evaluated for the first time by proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.RESULTSThe synthesized product was finally identified as rutin oleate by Fourier transform infrared, high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 1H, carbon‐13, and DEPT‐135 NMR analyses, and the acylation site was the 4‴‐OH of the rhamnose group in the rutin molecule. The maximum conversion was over 93% after 48 h of reaction using Novozym 435 as catalyst under the best conditions among these tests. The conversion of rutin ester decreased with the increase of carbon chain length and the number of carbon–carbon double bonds of the fatty acid molecule. Most importantly, rutin oleate exhibited antioxidant capacity comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene and its counterparts (rutin and oleic acid) at low temperatures (60° C), but had a significant advantage at high temperatures (120° C).CONCLUSIONThe antioxidant activity of rutin was significantly enhanced by lipase‐mediated esterification with oleic acid. Therefore, rutin oleate could be further developed as a novel antioxidant for use in oil‑ and fat‐based foods. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An evaluation of spatial capture‐recapture models applied to ungulate non‐invasive genetic sampling data
Authors: Dupont Pierre P. A. , Bischof Richard , Milleret Cyril , Peters Wibke , Edelhoff Hendrik , Ebert Cornelia , Klamm Alisa , Hohmann Ulf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon‐invasive genetic sampling (NGS) methods are becoming a mainstay in wildlife monitoring and can be used with spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) methods to estimate population density. Yet SCR based on NGS remains relatively underused for ungulate population monitoring, despite the importance of robust density estimates for this ecologically and economically important group of species. This may be in part attributed to biological characteristics of ungulate species and data collection methods that lead to violations of SCR model assumptions. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the robustness of SCR methods to spatially heterogeneous density (i.e., configuration of individuals into groups of variable sizes and composition), individual heterogeneity in space‐use patterns, and adaptive sampling (i.e., variation in detectability across space that correlates with density). We evaluated each violation separately and in combination. We parameterized our simulations based on published information and preliminary analyses of NGS data sets of 3 ungulate species: chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa). While SCR estimates were robust to grouping and adaptive sampling, abundance estimates could be negatively biased (up to 10% in our simulations) in the presence of unaccounted individual heterogeneity in space use. The degree to which abundance estimates were underestimated depended mostly on the amount of variation in space use and detectability among age classes. This bias was also accompanied by a reduction in precision and coverage probability of the SCR estimators. We discuss the implications of these findings, possible approaches to identify problematic violations in available data sets (goodness‐of‐fit tests), and potential further developments of SCR models to ensure reliable abundance estimates for ungulate populations from NGS data.
Recent Progress in Understanding Polymer Crystallization
Authors: Saalwächter Kay , Thurn‐Albrecht Thomas , Paul Wolfgang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent developments concerned with elucidating the semicrystalline structure formation in bulk polymer melts, with a focus on possibly important factors that have received less systematic attention, are reviewed. This includes the presence or absence of chain motion through the crystallites, which has a strong impact on the final crystallite thickness, and the effects of entanglements, which limit crystal growth and lower the crystallinity. From the theoretical side, interest is shown in shedding light on the thermodynamic driving forces of polymer crystallization, thus providing a theoretical background against which the kinetic limitations determine the resulting structures in experiments.
On the mapping procedure based on higher‐order Hermite polynomials for laminated thin plates with arbitrary domains in gradient elasticity
Authors: Bacciocchi Michele , Fantuzzi Nicholas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe article presents a finite element mapping procedure for the coordinate change via higher‐order derivatives to compute the fundamental matrices of laminated thin plates with arbitrary domains in gradient elasticity. In this context, the approximate solution requires Hermite interpolating functions. Therefore, conforming and nonconforming formulations are needed for both membrane and bending degrees of freedom, which require respectively and continuity. The aim of the current procedure is the possibility to remove the limitations related to the regular rectangular shape which typically characterizes this kind of elements and to introduce arbitrary distortions, discussing the influence of structured and unstructured meshes. The accuracy and convergence features of the methodology are presented through some numerical tests and compared to relevant literature.