bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and pluralism in Arab media education curricula: an analytical study in light of UNESCO standards
Authors: Mansoor Hasan M. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior research looking at Arab experiences in media education, despite its importance, did not provide a comprehensive evaluation of the curricula and study plans in Arab media colleges and departments but rather treated media education in a narrow and partial way. Therefore, this study fills this research gap by analysing the curricula of 21 media colleges, departments and institutes in 10 Arab countries from a perspective related to pressing issues of the Arab world, namely, the issues of diversity, pluralism, rights and freedoms. Three levels of content analysis were adopted to evaluate media education in the Middle East and North Africa—specifically, the learning objectives for managing diversity and differences based on UNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Educators and Learners. The results showed that 33.2% (79 out of 238) of the total number of learning objectives in the UNESCO curriculum were specific to the skills of managing diversity. The study classified them into five main areas: promoting human rights, equality, pluralism, the culture of dialogue, and the commitment to ethics. Emphasis on adherence to media ethics was the most evident in all of the Arab academic plans, followed by, to a lesser extent, the emphasis on promoting the culture of dialogue, peace, and understanding, and finally promoting human rights. The weaknesses were represented in the lack of clarity on the items related to pluralism, democratic practice, equality, and the empowerment of women. The paper concludes with a discussion of the importance of adopting deeper methods of analysis to evaluate the items on enhancing diversity management in all Arab education curricula, in addition to the importance of establishing a practical discussion among decision-makers and experts to integrate new media education into the curricula of media students in line with advanced international experiences and take into account the notion of cultural privacy.
Socioeconomic status and social capital as predictors of happiness: evidence and gender differences
Authors: Adedeji Adekunle , Olonisakin Tosin Tunrayo , Buchcik Johanna , Idemudia Erhabor S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding socioeconomic status (SES) and social capital as predictors of life outcomes has remained central to humanitarian, health and social research. This current study explores how socioeconomic status and social capital (community solidarity, locus of control and generalised trust) predict happiness among a sample of South African adults. Possible gender differences were also considered. Cross-sectional data from (n = 1049) South Africans on SES, social capital, happiness and sociodemographic characteristics were collected using an online questionnaire between January 2021 and September 2021. A correlation matrix was calculated to explore bivariate associations between the variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the predictive influence of SES and social capital indices on happiness and the gender differential in these relationships. SES and all social capital variables were significantly correlated with happiness. The model, including SES and social capital, accounted for 25% of the variance in happiness. Gender differences were found regarding the relationship between SES and all social capital variables (except locus of control) and happiness. The results confirm that efforts to facilitate individual social capital correspond to greater happiness among South Africans. Furthermore, it highlights the need for further empirical exploration of social predictors of life outcomes. The current analysis provides a framework for developing and implementing policies that promote happiness and other life outcomes.
Light competition is the key factor determining spatio-temporal variability in legume proportion within Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pastures
Authors: Spasiani Paola Palauro , Homem Bruno Grossi Costa , Lima Italo Braz Gonçalves de , Guimarães Bianca Costa , Medeiros Elias Silva de , Muir James Pierre , Oliveira Marcelo Silva de , Boddey Robert Michael , Casagrande Daniel Rume 
Published: March 2023

Context Understanding ecology in grass–legume pastures can help support strategies aimed at maintaining canopy stability in terms of botanical composition. Aims This 2-year study evaluated spatial variability, focusing on plant structural characteristics in a Marandu palisadegrass [Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. Marandu]–forage peanut (Arachis pintoi Krapov. and W.C. Greg. cv. BRS Mandobi) mixed canopy under grazing in continuous stocking management. Methods The pasture was managed with canopy height of 20–25 cm. The experimental area had a permanent sample grid containing 50 pre-established and georeferenced plots. Principal component analysis was performed, and spatial dependence structure of the first principal component and structural variables were separately characterised by geostatistical analysis. Key results There was spatial dependence of the structural characteristics, with marked spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of all variables. Taller grass canopies caused competition for light between species, reducing legume contribution and inducing more erect forage peanut growth habit. Conversely, in areas with lower grass canopy height, forage peanut botanical composition increased to up to 70%, as it propagated more effectively by stoloniferous propagation. Conclusions The canopy structure spatial variability of a Marandu palisadegrass–forage peanut mixed pasture determines the overall average pasture grass/legume proportion. In regions with taller canopies, Marandu palisadegrass was favoured, while in areas with shorter canopy, forage peanut proportion was promoted. Satisfactory legume proportions can be reached in the canopy despite areas with reduced legume contribution. Implications Our findings using geostatistical techniques facilitate the development of useful and innovative tools allowing better comprehension for the management of mixed pastures.
WDFY4 deficiency in NOD mice ameliorates autoimmune diabetes and insulitis
Authors: Ferris Stephen T. , Liu Tiantian , Chen Jing , Ohara Ray A. , Ou Feiya , Wu Renee , Kim Sunkyung , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2023

The events that initiate autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice remain poorly understood. CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cells are both required to develop disease, but their relative roles in initiating disease are unclear. To test whether CD4
+
T cell infiltration into islets requires damage to β cells induced by autoreactive CD8
+
T cells, we inactivated
Wdfy4
in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (NOD.
Wdfy4
−/−-
) using CRISPR/Cas9 targeting to eliminate cross-presentation by type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Similar to C57BL/6
Wdfy4
−/−
mice, cDC1 in NOD.
Wdfy4
−/−
mice are unable to cross-present cell-associated antigens to prime CD8
+
T cells, while cDC1 from heterozygous NOD.
Wdfy4
+/−
mice cross-present normally. Further, NOD.
Wdfy4
−/−
mice fail to develop diabetes while heterozygous NOD.
Wdfy4
+/−
mice develop diabetes similarly to wild-type NOD mice. NOD.
Wdfy4
−/−
mice remain capable of processing and presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II)-restricted autoantigens and can activate β cell-specific CD4
+
T cells in lymph nodes. However, disease in these mice does not progress beyond peri-islet inflammation. These results indicate that the priming of autoreactive CD8
+
T cells in NOD mice requires cross-presentation by cDC1. Further, autoreactive CD8
+
T cells appear to be required not only to develop diabetes, but to recruit autoreactive CD4
+
T cells into islets of NOD mice, perhaps in response to progressive β cell damage.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NIST, July 2022
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Norris Jim , Trask Peter 
Published: March 2023

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the United States maintained by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Trajectories of electric charges passing through an ideal solenoid and a thin conducting pipe arranged coaxially
Authors: Abdullah Mikrajuddin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We discuss the effect of fields produced by a coaxially arranged ideal solenoid and thin conducting pipe on electric charge trajectories. The electric charges released from positions outside the solenoid/pipe are trapped by electric and magnetic fields. The combination of forces generated by the two types of field results in ‘spider web-like’ trajectories. We also discuss the concepts of the mass spectrometer and the isotope discriminator, although we do not go into detail about how to generate ions and detect them. This topic may be of interest to undergraduate students since it only uses basic physics and mathematics skills and sounds innovative.
Developing digital twins of multi-camera metrology systems in Blender
Authors: Pottier C , Petzing J , Eghtedari F , Lohse N , Kinnell P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Blender is an open-source three-dimensional animation software, which can be used as a simulation tool in metrology, to build numerical models that can be used in the design and optimisation of camera-based measurement systems. In this work, the relevance of using Blender to model camera-based measurement systems was explored. Two experiments were conducted in real-world and Blender modelled environments, one using individual cameras for a simple measurement task, the other considering multi-camera position optimisation. The objective was to verify whether the virtual cameras created in Blender can perceive and measure objects in the same manner as the real cameras in an equivalent environment. The results demonstrate that in its native modelling format Blender satisfies the optical metrology characteristics of measurement, but the correlation between Blender output and real-world results is highly sensitive to initial modelling parameters such as illumination intensity, camera definitions and object surface texture.
Open-source electronics ecosystem for optical atomic clocks
Authors: Morzyński Piotr , Bilicki Sławomir , Bober Marcin , Ledziński Adam , Witkowski Marcin , Zarei Mehrdad , Zawada Michał 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present an open-source hardware and software ecosystem for optical atomic clocks. We provide PCB schematics and fabrication files for manufacturing the most important electronic systems together with the required software. The boards are designed for an active bad-cavity superradiant strontium clock and a passive optical lattice strontium clock, but they can be easily adapted to other atomic species’ optical atomic clocks or ultra-cold atoms’ systems like magneto-optical traps or Bose–Einstein condensate setups.
Analyzing the effectiveness of MEMS sensor and IoT in predicting wave height using machine learning models
Authors: Mishra Jai Prakash , Singh Kulwant , Chaudhary Himanshu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Wave height is a critical consideration in the planning and execution of maritime projects. Wave height forecasting methods include numerical and machine learning (ML) techniques. The traditional process involves using numerical wave prediction models, which are very successful but are highly complex as they require adequate information on nonlinear wind–wave and wave–wave interactions, such as the wave energy-balance equation. In contrast, ML techniques can predict wave height without prior knowledge of the above-mentioned complex interactions. This research aims to predict wave height using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), internet of things (IoTs), and ML-based approaches. A floating buoy is developed using a MEMS inertial measurement unit and an IoT microcontroller. An experiment is conducted in which the developed buoy is subjected to different wave heights in real time. The changes in three-axis acceleration and three-axis gyroscope signals are acquired by a computer via IoT. These signals are analyzed using ML-based classification models to accurately predict wave height. The obtained validation accuracy of the ML models K-NN (K-nearest neighbor), support vector machine, and the bagged tree is 0.9906, 0.9368, and 0.9887 respectively, which indicates that MEMS and IoT can be used to accurately classify and predict wave heights in real-time.
Five-degrees-of-freedom error motion measurement method of precision rotary table based on BMPES
Authors: Shao Meng , Shao Xianlei , Li Xinran , Wang Sainan , Li Songhua , Chen Zhe , An Dong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is essential to obtain the five-degrees-of-freedom (5-DOF) error motion of a rotary table to reconstructthe real trajectory of the rotating shaft, but there are many error coupling problems when measuring the error motion of a rotary table. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the 5-DOF error motion of the rotary table, a method of measuring the error motions based on bidirectional multi-point error separation (BMPES) is proposed. First, by analyzing the motion characteristics of the rotary table with multiple degrees of freedom error during the rotation, a detection system with a double-layer structure probe arrangement is designed. Then, the three-point method is used in the radial direction to separate the roundness error of the measuring disk, which improves the measurement accuracy of radial error. Finally, the coupling relationship between the mixing errors collected by the axial probes is researched, and a face-four-point error separation method is proposed, which can separate the flatness error of the lower surface of the measuring disk and complete the decoupling of the tilt error and the axial runout error. Simulation results show that for the measurement of radial, tilt and axial errors, the measurement errors of the BMPES method proposed in this paper are reduced by 97.89%, 68.40% and 99.99%, respectively, compared with the five-point method, and when eccentricity errors exist, the measurement errors of the radial and tilt errors are reduced by 99.06% and 85.67%, which verifies that the method can accurately obtain the 5-DOF motion of the rotary table errors.
Lie group valued Koopman eigenfunctions
Authors: Das Suddhasattwa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Every continuous-time flow on a topological space has associated to it a Koopman operator, which operates by time-shifts on various spaces of functions, such as C

r
, L
2, or functions of bounded variation. An eigenfunction of the vector field (and thus for the Koopman operator) can be viewed as an S
1-valued function, which also plays the role of a semiconjugacy to a rigid rotation on S
1. This notion of Koopman eigenfunctions will be generalized to Lie-group valued eigenfunctions, and we will discuss the dynamical aspects of these functions. One of the tools that will be developed to aid the discussion, is a concept of exterior derivative for Lie group valued functions, which generalizes the notion of the differential

d

f

of a real valued function f. The extended notion of Koopman eigenfunctions utilizes a geometric property of usual eigenfunctions. We show that the generalization in a geometric sense can be used to reveal fundamental properties of usual Koopman eigenfunctions, such as their behaviour under time-rescaling, and as submersions.
A demonstration of the Faraday’s law of induction by means of a magnetized fidget spinner
Authors: Eff-Darwich Antonio , Goded-Merino Alejandra , González-Pérez Sara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose a simple demonstration to explain to prospective primary teachers the basic ideas behind Faraday’s law of induction and the generation of electricity. In this conceptual activity, a rotating magnetized fidget spinner induces voltage in a copper coil. In an attempt to make this demonstration more motivating and surprising, the voltage was not measured and analysed with a voltmeter; instead, we used a loudspeaker to listen to and understand the induction of electricity. It is therefore a variation of the classical experiment of the bar magnet sweeping through a solenoid.
Shafranov shift correction to the Furth–Yoshikawa scaling of tokamak adiabatic compression
Authors: Nicolas T , Lütjens H , Sauter O , Garbet X 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 1970, Furth and Yoshikawa (1970 Phys. Fluids
13 2593–6) introduced the scalings of adiabatic plasma compression. Basically, if the shape of the external plasma boundary and the aspect ratio are preserved during the compression, then the density, kinetic pressure, beta and current scale respectively as

n
∼

C
3

,

p
∼

C
5

,

B
∼

C
2

,

β
∼
C

,

I
t

∼
C

, where C is the linear compression ratio, that is, the ratio between initial and final major radii. In this work, we show analytically, by expanding the Grad–Shafranov equation in terms of C, that the deviation to the Furth–Yoshikawa scaling is related to the Shafranov shift that arises when beta increases at large compression ratios. There is an obvious effect of the Shafranov shift because the axis is moved to a region with larger volume element, and an indirect effect, associated to the relation between flux and radius. The latter effect adds to the first, and is of the same order of magnitude. The result is that the pressure increases less than the C
5 scaling, which can have a significant impact on the fusion power achieved at maximum compression. The analytical results are backed up by equilibrium simulations carried out with the CHEASE code. Equilibria are obtained for different values of C, with conservation of the total fluxes, q profile, and entropy of the plasma. The agreement of the theory and simulations is very good when the boundary of the plasma is circular and the aspect ratio small. When the aspect ratio is close to 1, and/or the boundary not circular, the analytical result gives the gist of the reduction of compression. Finally, a pressure anisotropy

(

p
⊥

−

p
∥

)

/

p

approximately equal to the increase in normalized Shafranov shift is predicted.
Enhanced photodetector performance of SnO2/NiO heterojunction via Au incorporation
Authors: Athira M , Shafna K K Fathima , Angappane S 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Heterojunctions are known to have trap states and defects that are detrimental to the light responses, especially slowing down the rise and decay time. To address these issues in the charge transfer process, SnO2/NiO heterojunction was modified by incorporating Au at the surface and interface of different devices. The rectifying SnO2/NiO diode showed self-powered photodetector (SPD) characteristics when illuminated by 365 nm light and the responsivity obtained was 3 µA W−1. The 5 nm Au surface decorated SnO2/NiO diode showed the highest rectification ratio, 42.8 and the 2 nm Au decorated device showed 10.6 µA photocurrent generation. The 2 and 5 nm thick Au surface decoration resulted in the formation of nano-Schottky junctions with NiO. The embedding of Au at the interface of the SnO2/NiO diode showed a decrease in diode rectification. Two methods are used for Au incorporation at the interface; glancing angle deposition and electron beam evaporation followed by annealing. Unlike the glancing angle deposited Au film, the larger Au nanoparticles(NPs) formed by electron beam evaporation and annealing, and when embedded at SnO2/NiO interface, generated 9.6 µA of photocurrent and dark currents were lowered by one order. The modified diode characteristics were studied using impedance spectroscopy. The junction capacitance and time constant of Au incorporated devices were found to be much lower than that of bare SnO2/NiO heterojunction, leading to an improved response time and SPD performance. The responsivity, rise time, detectivity, and ON/Off ratio calculated for the device SnO2/NiO with Au NPs at the interface were 3.1 mA W−1, 1.6 s, 1.8 × 1010 Jones, and 2.6 × 103 respectively, best among all the devices. The heterojunction PDs with Au incorporation are a potential way to address the surface and interface effects at the nanoscale, thereby improving the device performance.
Scattering asymmetry in in-situ Mie polarimetry diagnostic of nanodust clouds
Authors: Kobus Julia , Petersen Andreas , Kirchschlager Florian , Rehbehn Nils , Greiner Franko , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Imaging Mie polarimetry is key to determining spatially resolved information about the properties, i.e. refractive index and grain size, of particle clouds, such as during the growth process in reactive particle producing plasmas. Asymmetries in the intensity maps of the different Stokes parameters resulting from the anisotropic scattering of polarized laser light complicate the analysis and require the use of radiative transfer (RT) simulations. We use RT simulations to investigate the asymmetric scattering behavior based on a model of a typical reactive argon-acetylene plasma. We address possible misinterpretations and explore the potential for analyzing particle properties. We find that the asymmetric pattern of the intensity distributions is highly dependent on the refractive index, providing the potential to determine the refractive index and grain size at any time during the growth process.
Nonuniform magnetic domain-wall synapses enabled by population coding
Authors: Qiao Ya , Zhang Yajun , Yuan Zhe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Traditional artificial intelligence implemented in software is usually executed on accurate digital computers. Nevertheless, the nanoscale devices for the implementation of neuromorphic computing may not be ideally identical, and the performance is reduced by nonuniform devices. In biological brains, information is usually encoded by a cluster of neurons such that the variability of nerve cells does not influence the accuracy of human cognition and movement. Here, we introduce the population encoding strategy in neuromorphic computing and demonstrate that this strategy can overcome the problems caused by nonuniform devices. Using magnetic memristor device based on current-induced domain-wall motion as an example, we show that imperfect storage devices can be applied in a hardware network to perform principal component analysis (PCA), and the accuracy of unsupervised classification is comparable to that of conventional PCA using ideally accurate synaptic weights. Our results pave the way for hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing and lower the criteria for the uniformity of nanoscale devices.