bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of physical activity levels and perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity among Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsaleh Eman , Baniyasin Faris 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMany studies published in other countries have identified certain perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity among patients with coronary heart disease. Nevertheless, there is no data about the issue relating to Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the prevalence of levels of physical activity, the benefits of and barriers to physical activity as perceived by Jordanian patients with coronary heart disease, and the relationship between physical activity and perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity. In addition, it focused on examining the influence of selected sociodemographic and health characteristics on physical activity and the perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity.MethodsA cross-sectional design was performed on a sample of 400 patients with coronary heart disease. They were given a list of perceived benefits of and barriers to physical activity and asked to what extent they disagreed or agreed with each.ResultsJordanian patients with coronary heart disease perceived various benefits of and barriers to physical activity. Most of these benefits were physiologically related (average mean = 5.7, SD = 0.7). The most substantial barriers to physical activity as perceived by the patients were “feeling anxiety,” “not enough time,” “lack of interest,” “bad weather,” and “feeling of being uncomfortable.” Sociodemographic and health characteristics that significantly influenced perceived barriers to physical activity were age, gender, health perception, chest pain frequency, education, job, caring responsibilities, ability to travel alone, smoking, and previous and current physical activity behavior.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients with coronary heart disease have perceived physiological benefits of physical activity and have perceived motivational, physical health, and environmental barriers to physical activity, which is significant in developing intervention strategies that aim to maximize patients' participation in physical activity and overcome barriers to physical activity.
Association between aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio and the risk of diabetes in Chinese prediabetic population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Li He , Ji Lin , Cang Jing , Zhao Hang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAccumulating evidence has revealed that the aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio is a promising novel biomarker for insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic diseases. However, research on the association between the AST/ALT ratio and the incidence of diabetes progressing from prediabetes remains lacking. Herein, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the baseline AST/ALT ratio and risks of diabetes in patients with prediabetes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study involving a total of 82,683 participants across 32 regions and 11 cities in China from 2010 to 2016. Data was obtained based on the DATADRYAD database from the health check screening program. Participants were stratified according to the interquartile range of the AST/ALT ratio (groups Q1 to Q4). The Cox proportional hazard model and smooth curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between the baseline AST/ALT ratio and the risk of diabetes in prediabetic patients. In addition, subgroup analysis was used to further validate the stability of the results.ResultsThe mean age of the selected participants was 49.9 ± 14.0 years, with 66.8% of them being male. During the follow-up period 1,273 participants (11.3%) developed diabetes progressing from prediabetes during the follow-up period. Participants who developed diabetes were older and were more likely to be male. The fully-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the AST/ALT ratio was negatively associated with the risk of diabetes in prediabetic patients (HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.48, P &lt; 0.001). Higher AST/ALT ratio groups (Q4) also presented with a lower risk of progressing into diabetes (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.43, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) compared with the lowest quintile group (Q1). Through subgroup analysis and interaction tests, it was found that the association stably existed in all subgroup variables, and there were a stronger interactive effects in people with age &lt; 45 years, and TG ≤ 1.7 mmol/L in the association between AST/ALT ratio and diabetes incidences in patients with prediabetes (P for interaction &lt; 0.05).ConclusionAccording to our study, a higher AST/ALT ratio is associated with a lower risk of progressing into diabetes from prediabetes. Regular monitoring of AST/ALT ratio dynamics and corresponding interventions can help prevent or slow prediabetes progression for diabetes.
Factors influencing cataract awareness and treatment attitudes among the middle-aged and older in western China's rural areas
Authors: Guan Hongyu , Xue Jing , Ding Yuxiu , Zhang Yunyun , Du Kang , Yang Jie 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge about cataracts and the associated factors among adults aged 50 and above in rural areas of Qingcheng county in Gansu Province of Western China, 2020.MethodsA large community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the randomly selected 1,503 adults aged 50 and above from October to December 2020. Data were collected by conducting eye examinations and face-to-face interviews. Multivariate binary logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were used to identify associated factors of knowledge about cataracts. Odds Ratio (OR), Coefficient (C), and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare the statistical associations between knowledge about cataracts and the independent variables.ResultsOf the 1,503 study participants, 1,078 (71.7%) had good knowledge about cataracts. The primary school completed [OR = 1.43 (95% CI 1.08–1.90), P = 0.012], Secondary school &amp; above [OR = 2.69 (95% CI 1.86–3.89), P &lt;0.001], Examine for cataract [OR = 1.82 (95%CI 1.27–2.62), P = 0.001] were positively significantly associated with knowledge about cataracts. Whereas eye examinations [OR = 0.73(95% CI 0.55–0.96), P = 0.022] were negatively associated with knowledge about cataracts. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed a significant negative correlation between age and knowledge of cataract treatment options. Living with at least one child was positively correlated with knowledge of the therapeutic effects of cataracts. And monthly household income was significantly positively correlated with knowledge of the therapeutic effects of cataracts, treatment options, and the surgical reimbursement ratio for cataracts.ConclusionsMore than one-third of the participants still had poor knowledge about cataracts. The respondents with at least primary education and above, with previous examinations, and with examination for cataracts had significant associations with good knowledge about cataracts. So, it is recommended that stakeholders in different hierarchies organize health education by considering the education level of the community, focusing on cataract treatment knowledge and the surgical reimbursement ratio to improve cataract surgery rates.
Development and evaluation of an intervention to improve food and nutrition literacy among Iranian Kurdish primary school children: An application of intervention mapping approach
Authors: Ahmadpour Mohammad , Omidvar Nasrin , Shakibazadeh Elham , Doustmohammadian Azam , Rahimiforoushani Abbas 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundFood and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) is a relatively new term that is used to define the knowledge, skills, and behaviors necessary to achieve a healthy diet. Improving food and nutritional literacy in children is a necessary solution to eliminate nutritional disorders in this age group. The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate an intervention to improve food and nutrition literacy in children aged 10–12 years old based on an intervention mapping (IM) approach.MethodsThis experimental study was performed in three phases. Through the first phase, an intervention was developed using the (IM) approach. In the second phase, the intervention was implemented for 6 months, and in the third phase, the intervention outcomes were evaluated and compared with the control group through a randomized controlled trial among 300 participants (each control and intervention group = 150).ResultsBefore the intervention, there was no significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all subscales of FNLIT. After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in all subscales of FNLIT (P&lt; 0/001). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of the FNLIT scores at baseline (P&gt; 0.05). However, after 6 months of intervention, a significant difference was observed between the two groups (intra-group differences) (P&lt; 0.001). Such a difference was not identified in the control group after 6 months also the results show the impact of socioeconomic factors and parental literacy on the average score of students' FNLIT and after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the scores of control and intervention groups in all subscales of the FNLIT (P&lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe school-based intervention developed and evaluated in this study provides a basis for future programs targeting the improvement of FNLIT in children, especially in poor and deprived areas such as Kurdistan province.Clinical trial registrationIranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT) Code: 32094.
TikTok and adolescent vision health: Content and information quality assessment of the top short videos related to myopia
Authors: Ming Shuai , Han Jie , Li Meng , Liu Yan , Xie Kunpeng , Lei Bo 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDespite the increasing recognition of the public health value of social media platforms, TikTok short videos focusing on adolescent vision health have not received much attention. We aimed to evaluate the content, sources, and information quality of myopia-related videos on TikTok.MethodsThe top 200 most-liked myopia-related videos on the Chinese version of TikTok were queried and screened on March 12, 2022. The descriptive characteristics, contents, and sources of the selected 168 videos were obtained, and their overall quality, reliability, understandability, and actionability were assessed using the validated scoring instruments DISCERN and PEMAT-A/V.ResultsMedical professionals were the main source (45.8%, 77/168) of videos. Misinformation (10.1%, 17/168) was mainly attributable to for-profit organizations (20%, 3/15) and individual non-medical users (31.3%, 10/32). However, their videos enjoyed the highest numbers of “likes,” “comments,” and “shares” (P &lt; 0.05). The mean reliability and overall quality regarding treatment choice were (2.5 ± 0.5) and (3.1 ± 0.9), respectively. Videos on TikTok showed relatively high understandability (84.7%) and moderate actionability (74.9%). Video producers tended to partly or fully provide information regarding management (81.5%, 137/168) and outcome (82.1%, 138/168), and to ignore or only slightly mention content related to definition (86.9%, 146/169) and signs (82.1%, 138/168). The five video sources showed significant differences in the prevalence of misleading information (P &lt; 0.001), publication reliability (P &lt; 0.001), overall quality (P = 0.039), content score (P = 0.019), and understandability (P = 0.024).ConclusionConsidering the moderate-to-poor reliability and variable quality across video sources, the substantial myopia-related content on TikTok should be treated with caution. Nevertheless, TikTok videos may serve as a surrogate or supplement for information dissemination if providers can ensure more comprehensive and accurate content.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors analysis of viral shedding time in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Shanghai
Authors: Li Ran , Jin Chen , Zhang Liya , Kong Dehong , Hu Kerong , Xuan Miao , Liu Qi , Li Shaohui , Zhang Keqin , Xue Ying 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of viral shedding time in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (BA.2 and BA2.2) infection in Shanghai, and the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment, so as to provide a reference basis for epidemic prevention, control and clinical treatment.MethodsA total of 6,134 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Omicron-infected patients admitted to Tianhua Road fangcang shelter hospital in Jinshan, Shanghai, between April 2022 and May 2022 were included. Demographic characteristics and clinical histories were collected and compared in subgroups according to the different durations of viral shedding. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to explore the association between virus shedding time and clinical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the risk factors for viral shedding time.ResultMost patients with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic Omicron infection were male, and more than half of patients had a viral shedding time of 8–15 days. The patients were divided into three groups according to the time of viral shedding: short-duration (≤ 7 days), intermediate-duration (8–15 days) and long-duration group (≥16 days). The proportion of patients aged ≤ 29 years was the highest in the short-duration group (30.2%), whereas the proportion of patients aged 50–64 yeas was the highest in the long-duration group (37.9%). The proportion of patients with the chronic non-communicable diseases among the short-, intermediate- and long-duration groups was 6.2, 9.4, and 14.9%, respectively. Among them, hypertension was the most found (4.9, 7.8, and 11.7%, respectively). By multivariate analyses, we identified that viral shedding time of Omicron variants was independently negatively correlated with male patients, TCM treatment, and manual laborers, while it was independently positively associated with age and hypertension. Additionally, TCM treatment could significantly shorten the length of viral shedding time, especially for men, age ≥30 years, comorbid chronic non-communicable diseases, unemployed people and manual worker.ConclusionsOur results suggested that age and hypertension were independent risk factors for the duration of viral shedding in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic omicron infected patients. TCM can effectively shorten viral shedding time.
Communicating PNPLA3 genetic risk status for NAFLD among Mexican-origin men
Authors: Villavicencio Edgar A. , Maldonado Adriana , Crocker Rebecca M. , Guan Yue , Stallman Chris , Garcia David O. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to disproportionately impact under-resourced communities in the U.S., particularly Mexican-origin populations. Genetic polymorphisms such as the rs738409 C/G variant in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) have been associated with higher prevalence of and progression along the NAFLD spectrum. This qualitative study conducted in the U.S. Southwest aimed to assess Mexican-origin men's experience receiving genetic testing for PNPLA3 risk carrier status.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Mexican-origin men whose NAFLD status and genetic predisposition were determined as part of a previous cross-sectional study. The interview guide included questions exploring participants' insights on how genetic risk status was delivered, how the information influenced their motivation for lifestyle modification to reduce NAFLD risk, and any knowledge sharing that occurred with family members after learning of their PNPLA3 risk status. Interviews were conducted and audio recorded in English (n = 6) and Spanish (n = 11) and uploaded into NVivo software for data analysis and interpretation. Guided by the Health Belief Model, a thematic analysis approach was used to identify primary themes.ResultsResults highlighted men's preference for receiving this type of genetic risk information through a letter sent to their homes. General comprehension of PNPLA3 risk status was deemed high and most men stated sharing their genetic predisposition to NAFLD with their immediate family members. Participants also indicated that family and awareness of this genetic risk acted as primary motivators for implementing behavior changes (e.g., diet, physical activity) toward the prevention of more severe liver conditions.DiscussionFindings from this qualitative study suggest the feasibility of communicating genetic risk for NAFLD among Mexican-origin men. Future strategies for the dissemination of genetic risk results among Mexican-origin individuals should consider familial and cultural appropriate strategies.
Barriers to gender equity for female healthcare academicians and researchers in Pakistan: Is it still an issue?
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Hussain Azhar , Hashmi Ayisha , Saeed Hamza , Azhar Hafsa , Abbasi Aqsa Sajjid 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionGender inequity in healthcare academia is rising. Female healthcare professionals are struggling to balance their work and family leading to reduced productivity and disparity in three main areas of academic evaluation including teaching, service and research.ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to explore perceptions of healthcare academicians regarding gender equity and its associated barriers in healthcare academia in Pakistan.MethodologyA qualitative study design was used. Study site for this research included medical colleges, pharmacy schools and healthcare educational institutes. Study respondents included healthcare professionals including doctors and pharmacists working as faculty members. Snow ball sampling was used and interviews were conducted till saturation point was achieved. All interviews recorded were transcribed verbatim. Transcribed interviews were then subject to thematic analysis and were analyzed for relevant content.ResultsThematic analysis of the study yielded many themes and sub themes. The main themes include: Gender equity an issue for healthcare academicians; Barriers toward promoting gender equity among healthcare academicians; Perceived teaching effectiveness among female healthcare academicians; Professional relationship of female healthcare academicians; Representation of female healthcare academicians at leadership positions; Research opportunities for female healthcare academicians; impact of academia as profession on married life and Strategies for improving gender equity disparities in academia of healthcare profession. The results showed that almost all the females as well as male healthcare academicians were of the view that female academicians are competent, hardworking and committed with their jobs. Mixed responses were observed regarding teaching effectiveness of female academicians. Half of the females as well male healthcare academicians thought that female were more effective teachers while other half was of the view that teaching effectiveness is based on individual trait irrespective of gender.ConclusionThe results of the present study concluded that majority of the male as well as female healthcare professionals perceived gender equity as an issue in academia in Pakistan, especially in underprivileged areas. Non-conducive work environment, harassment at workplace and cultural issues were the main barriers identified toward gender equity in healthcare academia in Pakistan.
Inclusive LGBTQIA+ healthcare: An interprofessional case-based experience for cultural competency awareness
Authors: Prasad Samiksha , O'Malley Chasity B. , DeLeon Rolando , Levy Arkene S. , Griffin Daniel P. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionLesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender, Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) patients report experiences of discrimination within healthcare settings due to a lack of provider knowledge and biases of healthcare workers. There is an identified need among all health professions to provide more culturally competent healthcare for this community. Early interventions during healthcare profession training programs may be effective to address this need. The overall goal of this study was to assess the educational impact of an active learning session that was specifically designed to enhance LGBTQIA+ cultural competency awareness using an interprofessional setting.MethodsThis 2-year study involved students from 16 healthcare professional programs joining virtually to form interprofessional teams. A small group case-based learning approach was used and included pre/post-activity surveys to measure the change in student attitude and confidence, as well as the change in perception of the importance of the activity.ResultsResults indicate an increase in perception of importance (p &lt; 0.005) and in overall level of confidence (p &lt; 0.001) with respect to LGBTQIA+ issues post-session. Key themes established through the session represent an overall recognition of the importance of interprofessional education and awareness of LGBTQIA+ healthcare needs.DiscussionThe results demonstrate the effectiveness of a case-based approach for enhancing cultural competency awareness across different healthcare professions programs. This session also provided an interprofessional learning environment to allow multiple healthcare professions program students to interact and share perspectives. The positive impact of this intervention in a highly collaborative virtual learning environment also highlights that this immersive active learning approach that can be adopted across different programs and institutions.