bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N Terminal Pro B Type Natriuretic Peptide as a marker of severity of heart failure in children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Chowdhury Ritabrata Roy , Kaur Satnam , Gera Rani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:

N Terminal Pro B Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT pro BNP) has been used as a tool for diagnosis, severity assessment and prognostication of congestive heart failure in adults, with specific cut off values for diagnosis and denoting points of intervention. However, there is scarcity of paediatric literature regarding role of NT pro BNP as a marker of heart failure severity and prognostication. So, this study was done to assess the utility of NT pro BNP as a marker of severity of heart failure in children with congenital heart diseases

Settings and Design:

Single centre, prospective observational study.

Methods:

Children (1month to 5 years), with congenital heart disease, admitted in the paediatric wards with varying severity of congestive heart failure (CHF) were enrolled. Heart failure severity grading was done according to Lair modification of Ross classification at the time of presentation to hospital and children were classified as having no / grade I CHF (Score: 0–2); mild/grade II CHF (score 3–6); moderate/grade III CHF (score 7–9) or severe/grade IV CHF (score: 10–12). Within 24 hours of admission, NT pro BNP levels were measured within 24 hours of admission.

Results:

80 children with congenital heart disease were enrolled in this study. As per modified Ross classification, 11 had grade I/No heart failure (13.7%), 32 children had grade II/mild heart failure (40%), 36 had grade III/moderate heart failure (45%) and only 1 had grade IV/severe heart failure (1.25%). The median NT pro BNP levels (IQR) in the above mentioned grades of heart failure were found to be 321.11 (211.1 – 411.78 pg/ml), 750.62 (474.62 – 995.2 pg/ml), 4159.61 (1440.59 – 11857 pg/ml) and 11320.34 pg/ml respectively. 7 children (8.75%) expired. Median NT pro BNP value in 7 children who died was significantly higher than those who survived [median (IQR): 11681.01pg/ml (10092.72-14754pg/ml) vs 839.4 pg/ml (456.67-3288.09 pg/ml), p value<0.001]. NT pro BNP level of 520.2pg/ml predicted grade II (mild heart failure) or more severe grades of heart failure with Sensitivity, Specificity Negative Predictive Value and Positive Predictive Value of 83%, 91% 57.1% and 98% respectively.

Conclusion:

NT pro BNP levels increase progressively with increasing severity of congestive heart failure and can be used as a marker of severity of heart failure in children with congenital heart disease presenting with CHF
History-Aware Selfish Node Detection on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Authors: Teklu Abraham , Biratu Getachew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
MANET are a kind of flexible, infrastructure less, decentralized wireless network, and there is no any boundary that the nodes to manage during joining and leaving from and to the network. Due to their nature MANET is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks, and this paper discus on attacker node by awarding the previous history of each node on proactive protocol. Since there are a number of attackers in MANET, the proposed algorithm covers on packet drop attack. Attackers can be broadly classified in two categories: routing attacks and data forwarding attacks. We address the “Packet Drop Attack”, is a serious threat to operational mobile ad hoc networks. To handle the addressed attacker, we develop and adapt Algorithm for tracking the attacker .By using the proposed algorithm, it minimizes 3 % on end to end delay, increases throughput 2.005% and PDR increases 2.11%, by using Network Simulator 2 (ns-2).
Comment on the article of R. Iu. Ovsiannikov and K. M. Lebedinskii “Correlation between changes in arterial blood oxygen partial pressure, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination by the lungs with changes in positive end expiratory pressure: a prospe
Authors: Yaroshetskiy Andrey I. 
Published: January 2023

Comment on the article of R.Iu. Ovsiannikov and K.M. Lebedinskii “Correlation between changes in arterial blood oxygen partial pressure, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination by the lungs with changes in positive end expiratory pressure: a prospective observational study”
Efficacy of rotational thromboelastometry for diagnosis and correction of coagulopathy in massive postpartum hemorrhage: a cohort retrospective multi-center DiPTEM study
Authors: Ronenson Alexandr M. , Raspopin Yu. S. , Shifman E. M. , Kulikov A. V. , A. M. Ioscovich A. M. Ioscovich 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION: Continuous monitoring of the hemostasis system during postpartum hemorrhage is an essential aspect of intensive care. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) provides rapid and differentiated detection of hemostasis system disorders. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementing the rotational thromboelastometry on the need for blood transfusion in massive postpartum hemorrhage in the practice of perinatal centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort multicenter study was conducted in two perinatal centers. The BEFORE group included females with massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (> 30 % of circulating blood volume (CBV) or > 2 L) within 2 years prior to ROTEM implementation in tertiary care hospitals; the AFTER group included females with massive postpartum hemorrhage within 2 years after ROTEM implementation. The primary endpoint of the study was a comparative evaluation of the frequency of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion for hemostasis correction in massive PPH before and after ROTEM implementation as an urgent method for coagulopathy diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included in the study: 48 in the BEFORE group and 49 in the AFTER group. A significant relative risk (RR) of reduced frequency of FFP transfusion RR = 0.53 (0.32, 0.85; p = 0.009) with NNT = 3.6 after implementation of ROTEM into clinical practice was found. The frequency of cryoprecipitate transfusion increased. Analysis of cases of PPH over 50 % of the CBV (PPH in the BEFORE and AFTER groups 68.2 ± 12.4 and 72.3 ± 35.9, respectively, p = 0.673) showed a twofold significant risk of reducing the number of parturient women requiring FFP transfusion: RR = 0.5 (0.25, 0.99); p = 0.049), with NNT = 2. CONCLUSION: Rapid information on the status of the hemostasis system can reduce unnecessary FFP transfusion. Introducing the ROTEM method into the clinical practice of obstetric hospitals will improve the outcomes of intensive care for one of the most challenging categories of patients — postpartum women with massive postpartum hemorrhage.
Systematic Analysis of the Mechanism of Polygoni Multiflori Caulis in Improving Depressive Disorder in Mice via Network Pharmacology Combined
with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Xiong Wei , Xu Qing , Wen Lingmiao , Wei Guihua , Altamirano Alvin , Yin Qiaozhi , Zhang Tian-e , Yan Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

Background and Objective:
Depressive disorder (DD) is a common chronic and highly
disabling disease. Polygoni Multiflori Caulis (PMC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been
listed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Here, the antidepressant effects and
mechanisms of PMC were explored for the first time.

Methods:
We observed the safety of PMC at a 10-fold clinically equivalent dose. Depressed mice
were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and were used to evaluate the antidepressant
effects of PMC via the sucrose preference test and the tail suspension test. The composition
of PMC was identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole
exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer, and the active components, important targets, and potential
mechanism of PMC in DD treatment were predicted via network pharmacology. Investigation
included active compounds and DD-related targets screening, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis,
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation, PMC-compound-target-pathway-
DD network construction, and Molecular docking.

Results:
In the safety evaluation of PMC, no toxic side effects or deaths occurred. There were no
significant differences in liver function (ALT, AST, and TP; P > 0.05) and kidney function (BUN,
CRE, and UA; P > 0.05) in each group of mice. Compared to the control group, the model group
of mice showed significantly decreased sucrose preference and significantly increased immobility
time (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mice in the PMC low, medium,
and high dose groups showed a significant decrease in immobility time and a significant increase
in sucrose preference. In the PMC-Compound-Target-Pathway-DD network, 54 active compounds,
83 common targets, and 13 major signaling pathways were identified for the treatment of DD. Molecular
docking verified that the active compounds could effectively bind with the hub targets.

Conclusion:
PMC is a relatively safe antidepressant herbal medicine with its potential mechanism
involving multiple compounds, targets, and pathways.
Effects of CYP2B6 Genetic Variants on the Propofol Dose and Response among
Jordanian Arabic Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Authors: Alrabayah Mustafa , Massad Islam Mohammad , Imraish Amer , Jarrar Yazun , Massad Faysal , Guzu Hasan , Abufares Basil , Al-Oran Afnan , Alkharabsheh Malik Mohammad , Haroon Nour , Ismail Mohammad Asa'ad , Qaqish Bara'a , Zihlif Malik 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Propofol is the most commonly used general anesthetic drug in many countries, including Jordan. However, there is a wide variation in the propofols' dose and response among the patients. Genetic variation in the cytochrome (CYP) 2B6 gene affects propofol metabolism and might affect propofol dose and response.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the influence of major genetic alleles of the CYP2B6 gene, CYP2B6*2A, *6A, *3, *4A, and *5A, on the required propofol dose and response among Jordanian Arabic patients attending The University of Jordan Hospital.

Methods:
A total of 155 patients were administrated propofol. The propofol response was evaluated by monitoring the time to reach the bispectral index of 60 (BIS60) for every patient. The CYP2B6 genetic variants were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction through specific enzymes for CYP2B6 variants

Results:
It is found that patients with variant CYP2B6*2A and *4A alleles required significantly (P < 0.05) lower propofol doses, while patients with variant CYP2B6*6A, *3, and *5A alleles required higher propofol doses in comparison with patients carrying the wild CYP2B6 alleles. Patients with variant CYP2B6*2A and *3 alleles needed a significantly (P < 0.05) shorter while patients with variant CYP2B6*5A allele needed longer time of BIS60 than patients with wild CYP2B6*2A, *3, and *5A alleles.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that CYP2B6 genetic variants affect propofol dose and can explain, at least partly, the inter-individual variation in the propofol response. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
DFT, FMO, ESP, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
of Bis-2-(2-Phenethyl)Chromone as a Potential PPAR Agonist
Authors: Wu Aiqun , Qiu Yingqi , Lai Wuji , Feng Yu , Zhu Qinghua , Wang Yuanmeng , Jiang Lihe , Lei Fuhou , Shen Liqun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Globally, chronic diseases are becoming the leading cause of death. Because of the large
number of patients, high medical cost, long duration of illness and the great demand for services. Diabetes
is one of them and the prevalence is still rising, causing a serious physical burden to patients; it
also affects a great economic burden on society. Therefore, the development of more effective antidiabetic
medication is of great importance. To screen the rare chromone dimer compounds and study
their inhibitory effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus. The structure was geometrically optimized and its
thermodynamic properties were analyzed by DFT B3LYP-D3(BJ)/6-31G(d,p); molecular docking and
molecular dynamics simulation were used to investigate the interaction of PPARγ with their ligands.
In addition, its ESP and FMO were analyzed. The bis-2-(2-phenethyl)chromone derivatives have high
molecular docking fractions and stable molecular dynamics simulation results, indicating that the extracts
from Agarwood species bi-2-(2-phenethyl)chromone derivatives have good interactions with
PPARγ. This implies that bis- 2-(2-phenethyl)chromone derivatives have good interactions with
PPARγ. It is suggested that BPEC may be a natural agonist of PPARγ, which is expected to exert a
more efficient hypoglycemic effect and avoid more drug side effects, laying a foundation for the research
and development of anti-type 2 diabetes drugs.
Development and Characterization of Enteric Polymer-based Solid
Dispersion for Cholecalciferol Delivery
Authors: Rawat Neha , Singh Shashank K. , Baldi Ashish 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The deficiency of vitamin D is a global concern affecting individuals of all age
groups. Insufficient exposure to sunlight and disease conditions can lead to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
deficiency.

Objective:
Cholecalciferol is a lipophilic crystalline molecule, and it is highly susceptible to degradation
under environmental conditions, including light, temperature, and oxygen, and its degradation rate is high
in the low pH range. Therefore, an enteric solid dispersion-based formulation was developed in the present
study for the oral delivery of cholecalciferol.

Method:
Enteric polymer hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based solid dispersion
was developed and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The
effect of various concentrations of cholecalciferol formulations on the viability of Caco-2 cells was determined
using an MTT assay. A dissolution and stability study of the product was also performed.

Result:
An amorphous form of cholecalciferol in the solid dispersion was reported. The drug content of
solid dispersions was in the order of 90%. The viability assay indicated that the surfactant used in the
developed solid dispersion of cholecalciferol had no cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 cells. A dissolution study
on enteric solid dispersion in two-stage dissolution under a biomimetic medium indicated the pHdependent
release of cholecalciferol from the HPMCAS-based solid dispersion. Moreover, the stability
study showed no significant changes in the cholecalciferol content in the developed formulation under
storage at experimental conditions.

Conclusion:
The enteric solid dispersion of cholecalciferol was developed, which exhibited compatibility
with Caco-2 cells, improved dissolution, and acceptable stability profile, and represented a potential option
for efficient delivery of cholecalciferol.
In vitro Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Piper betle Stem and their Correlation with In silico Docking Studies of its Phytoconstituents
Authors: Madeswaran Arumugam , Lakshmi Menon , Mohan Sellappan 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Worldwide, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. Even
though treatment may help to reduce some of the mental or physical symptoms connected with neurodegenerative
diseases, there is at present no way to slow disease development and no recognized cure.

Objective:
The current study was carried out to explore the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory properties of
the stem of Piper betle and correlate them with in silico docking results of its phytoconstituents.

Methods:
The dried Piper betle stem was used to be extracted with purified water by using the maceration
technique. The resultant was assessed for ChE inhibitory activity using Ellman’s method. The inhibitory
profile of the aqueous extract of Piper betle (AEPB) stem was compared with rivastigmine, which is
a standard cholinesterase inhibitor. The phytoconstituents of AEPB were procured from various literature
studies. In silico docking studies were carried out with the help of AutoDock 4.2 software.

Results:
AEPB considerably inhibited AChE and BuChE with the inhibition constant values of 0.437 ±
0.62 μg/ml and 0.371 ± 0.62 μg/ml, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. In computational evaluation,
the selected phytoconstituents exhibited excellent binding interactions prevailing with cholinesterase
targets than the standard rivastigmine.

Conclusion:
Based on the in vitro and in silico evaluations, Piperol A showed notable concentrationdependent
inhibition of AChE and BuChE. These in vitro analyses and molecular docking studies will be
helpful for the development of potent ChE inhibitors for the management of Alzheimer’s disease.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Melanin Pigment from
Marine Bacterium Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus
Authors: Kotakonda Muddukrishnaiah , Marappan Makesh , Biswas Bhaskar 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Marine microbes are known to produce novel bioactive compounds. In this
work, the bacterium Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus, AU-RM-4, isolated from marine soil sediment, capable
of producing high amounts of black extracellular melanin pigment when grown on anaerobic actinomycetes
agar is reported. The maximum melanin production was approximately 2.5 mg/mL.

Methods:
The melanin pigment was recovered using acid treatment and the characteristic melanin absorption
peaks at 253 nm and 291 nm were observed in the UV range. The antibacterial activity of the melanin
pigment against a range of clinically infectious bacteria was assayed in vitro by disc diffusion and serial
dilution methods.

Results:
The A. cyanogriseus melanin showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and
Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC value -500 μg/mL). The effects of the AU-RM-4 melanin on the morphology
of pathogenic bacteria were observed under scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM). It is concluded that A. cyanogriseus isolate AU-RM-4 is a promising melanin-producing marine
bacterium, whose melanin pigment has antibacterial activity against certain pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus
and K. pneumoniae).

Conclusion:
Melanin produced by A. cyanogriseus AU-RM-4 could have commercial potential in the
pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for the production of pharmaceutical formulations, and also in the
food industries as a colouring and antibacterial agent.
A Comprehensive Review of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Pre-clinical Animal
Models in Addition to Herbal Treatment Options and Multi-modality
Imaging Strategies
Authors: Sharma Rahul Kumar , Kaur Navneet , Singh Kushwah Ajay , Singh Nisha , Thakur Shilpa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is distinguished by ventricular chamber expansion, systolic dysfunction, and normal left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and is mainly caused due to genetic or environmental factors; however, its aetiology is undetermined in the majority of patients.
The focus of this work is on pathogenesis, small animal models, as well as the herbal medicinal approach, and the most recent advances in imaging modalities for patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Several small animal models have been proposed over the last few years to mimic various
pathomechanisms that contribute to dilated cardiomyopathy. Surgical procedures, gene mutations,
and drug therapies are all characteristic features of these models. The pros and cons, including heart
failure stimulation of extensively established small animal models for dilated cardiomyopathy, are
illustrated, as these models tend to procure key insights and contribute to the development of innovative treatment techniques for patients. Traditional medicinal plants used as treatment in these
models are also discussed, along with contemporary developments in herbal therapies. In the last
few decades, accurate diagnosis, proper recognition of the underlying disease, specific risk stratification, and forecasting of clinical outcome, have indeed improved the health of DCM patients. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the bullion criterion for assessing ventricular volume and ejection fraction in a reliable and consistent direction. Other technologies, like strain analysis and 3D
echocardiography, have enhanced this technique's predictive and therapeutic potential. Nuclear imaging potentially helps doctors pinpoint the causative factors of left ventricular dysfunction, as with
cardiac sarcoidosis and amyloidosis.
Manganese-Iron Mixed Oxides of Spinel Structure as Soot Combustion
Catalysts
Authors: Legutko Piotr , Zwada Natalia , Kozieł Marcin , Michalik Marek , Adamski Andrzej 
Published: January 2023

Background:
An abatement of emission of particulate matter (mainly soot) is a challenge
for the scientific community. An active and cheap catalytic system for soot combustion can
help solve this problem.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the composition of a series of
Mn3-xFexO4 (x = 0 - 3) oxides of spinel structure on their catalytic properties in soot combustion.

Methods:
Samples were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by a consecutive thermal treatment.
Their structure was verified by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained
catalysts were tested in model soot oxidation (Printex U) in both tight and loose contact modes.

Results:
It was found that different mechanisms of soot combustion occurred dependently on a
chosen contact mode.

Conclusion:
It was confirmed that in the case of tight contact (TC), a coexistence of divalent
manganese and iron species was decisive for the catalytic activity, whereas a presence of trivalent
manganese centers was crucial in the case of loose contact (LC). Mn1.2Fe1.8O4 was found to be the
most active catalyst.