bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of star clusters and enrichment by massive stars in simulations of low-metallicity galaxies with a fully sampled initial stellar mass function
Authors: Lahén Natalia , Naab Thorsten , Kauffmann Guinevere , Szécsi Dorottya , Hislop Jessica May , Rantala Antti , Kozyreva Alexandra , Walch Stefanie , Hu Chia-Yu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present new griffin project hydrodynamical simulations that model the formation of galactic star cluster populations in low-metallicity (Z = 0.00021) dwarf galaxies, including radiation, supernova, and stellar wind feedback of individual massive stars. In the simulations, stars are sampled from the stellar initial mass function (IMF) down to the hydrogen-burning limit of 0.08 M⊙. Mass conservation is enforced within a radius of 1 pc for the formation of massive stars. We find that massive stars are preferentially found in star clusters and follow a correlation set at birth between the highest initial stellar mass and the star cluster mass that differs from pure stochastic IMF sampling. With a fully sampled IMF, star clusters lose mass in the galactic tidal field according to mass-loss rates observed in nearby galaxies. Of the released stellar feedback, 60 per cent of the supernova material and up to 35 per cent of the wind material reside either in the hot interstellar medium (ISM) or in gaseous, metal-enriched outflows. While stellar winds (instantaneously) and supernovae (delayed) start enriching the ISM right after the first massive stars form, the formation of supernova-enriched stars and star clusters is significantly delayed (by &gt;50 Myr) compared to the formation of stars and star clusters enriched by stellar winds. Overall, supernova ejecta dominate the enrichment by mass, while the number of enriched stars is determined by continuous stellar winds. These results present a concept for the formation of chemically distinct populations of stars in bound star clusters, reminiscent of multiple populations in globular clusters.
LOGGIC Core BioClinical Data Bank: Added clinical value of RNA-Seq in an international molecular diagnostic registry for pediatric low-grade glioma patients
Authors: Hardin Emily C , Schmid Simone , Sommerkamp Alexander , Bodden Carina , Heipertz Anna-Elisa , Sievers Philipp , Wittmann Andrea , Milde Till , Pfister Stefan M , von Deimling Andreas , Horn Svea , Herz Nina A , Simon Michèle , Perera Ashwyn A , Azizi Amedeo , Cruz Ofelia , Curry Sarah , Van Damme An , Garami Miklos , Hargrave Darren , Kattamis Antonis , Kotnik Barbara Faganel , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Scheinemann Katrin , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y N , Sehested Astrid , Viscardi Elisabetta , Wormdal Ole Mikal , Zapotocky Michal , Ziegler David S , Koch Arend , Hernáiz Driever Pablo , Witt Olaf , Capper David , Sahm Felix , Jones David T W , van Tilburg Cornelis M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The international, multicenter registry LOGGIC Core BioClinical Data Bank aims to enhance the understanding of tumor biology in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) and provide clinical and molecular data to support treatment decisions and interventional trial participation. Hence, the question arises whether implementation of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) using fresh frozen (FrFr) tumor tissue in addition to gene panel and DNA methylation analysis improves diagnostic accuracy and provides additional clinical benefit.

Methods
Analysis of patients aged 0 to 21 years, enrolled in Germany between April 2019 and February 2021, and for whom FrFr tissue was available. Central reference histopathology, immunohistochemistry, 850k DNA methylation analysis, gene panel sequencing, and RNA-Seq were performed.

Results
FrFr tissue was available in 178/379 enrolled cases. RNA-Seq was performed on 125 of these samples. We confirmed KIAA1549::BRAF-fusion (n = 71), BRAF V600E-mutation (n = 12), and alterations in FGFR1 (n = 14) as the most frequent alterations, among other common molecular drivers (n = 12). N = 16 cases (13%) presented rare gene fusions (eg, TPM3::NTRK1, EWSR1::VGLL1, SH3PXD2A::HTRA1, PDGFB::LRP1, GOPC::ROS1). In n = 27 cases (22%), RNA-Seq detected a driver alteration not otherwise identified (22/27 actionable). The rate of driver alteration detection was hereby increased from 75% to 97%. Furthermore, FGFR1 internal tandem duplications (n = 6) were only detected by RNA-Seq using current bioinformatics pipelines, leading to a change in analysis protocols.

Conclusions
The addition of RNA-Seq to current diagnostic methods improves diagnostic accuracy, making precision oncology treatments (MEKi/RAFi/ERKi/NTRKi/FGFRi/ROSi) more accessible. We propose to include RNA-Seq as part of routine diagnostics for all pLGG patients, especially when no common pLGG alteration was identified.
High-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons by superconducting nanowires
Authors: Guo Shuya , Tan Jingrou , Zhang Hengbin , Wang Jinguang , Ji Tianhao , Zhang Labao , Hu Xiaolong , Chen Jian , Xie Jun , Zou Kai , Meng Yun , Bei Xiaomin , Wu Ling-An , Chen Qi , Wang Hao , Tu Xuecou , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhao Qing-Yuan , Kang Lin , Wu Peiheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Precisely acquiring the timing information of individual X-ray photons is important in both fundamental research and practical applications. The timing precision of commonly used X-ray single-photon detectors remains in the range of one hundred picoseconds to microseconds. In this work, we report on high-timing-precision detection of single X-ray photons through the fast transition to the normal state from the superconductive state of superconducting nanowires. We successfully demonstrate a free-running X-ray single-photon detector with a timing resolution of 20.1 ps made of 100-nm-thick niobium nitride film with an active area of 50 μm by 50 μm. By using a repeated differential timing measurement on two adjacent X-ray single-photon detectors, we demonstrate a precision of 0.87 ps in the arrival-time difference of X-ray photon measurements. Therefore, our work significantly enhances the timing precision in X-ray photon counting, opening a new niche for ultrafast X-ray photonics and many associated applications.
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Are Protective Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Infants: A Population-Based Observational Study
Authors: Le Huong , Gidding Heather , Blyth Christopher C , Richmond Peter , Moore Hannah C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduced the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a randomized clinical trial. We aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness of PCV on RSV-hospitalizations among Western Australian infants.

Methods
We conducted a population-based cohort study of births during 2000–2012, using probabilistically linked individual-level immunization, hospitalization, respiratory microbiology testing, and perinatal data. We performed Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying exposure (receipt of infant PCV doses) against the first RSV-confirmed hospitalization 0–12 months adjusted for perinatal and sociodemographic factors.

Results
From 360 994 children, 3-dose PCV coverage in Aboriginal infants ranged from 29% to 51% in 2001–2004 when PCV was funded for Aboriginal children only. Following universal funding in 2005, coverage increased to 85% for Aboriginal and 73% for non-Aboriginal infants. RSV-hospitalization rates were highest in young infants aged 0–5 months (22.5/1000 child-years) and &gt;2 times higher in Aboriginal infants than in non-Aboriginal infants. Receipt of ≥3 PCV doses in the universal funded period was associated with a 30% reduction in RSV-hospitalization in Aboriginal infants (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.70 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.46–1.06]) and 21% reduction in non-Aboriginal infants (aHR 0.79 [95% CI 0.63–0.99]) compared with unvaccinated infants.

Conclusions
Prior to the introduction of RSV vaccines, our study suggests that universal childhood PCV vaccination may result in a reduction in severe RSV infections in children and may be important for countries that are yet to consider PCV programs.
Effectiveness of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Bivalent Vaccine
Authors: Shrestha Nabin K , Burke Patrick C , Nowacki Amy S , Simon James F , Hagen Amanda , Gordon Steven M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine protects against COVID-19.

Methods
The study included employees of Cleveland Clinic in employment when the bivalent COVID-19 vaccine first became available. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 over the following 26 weeks was examined. Protection provided by vaccination (analyzed as a time-dependent covariate) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression, with change in dominant circulating lineages over time accounted for by time-dependent coefficients. The analysis was adjusted for the pandemic phase when the last prior COVID-19 episode occurred and the number of prior vaccine doses.

Results
Among 51 017 employees, COVID-19 occurred in 4424 (8.7%) during the study. In multivariable analysis, the bivalent-vaccinated state was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 during the BA.4/5-dominant (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, .63–79]) and the BQ-dominant (0.80 [.69–.94]) phases, but decreased risk was not found during the XBB-dominant phase (0.96 [.82–.1.12]). The estimated vaccine effectiveness was 29% (95% confidence interval, 21%–37%), 20% (6%–31%), and 4% (−12% to 18%), during the BA.4/5-, BQ-, and XBB-dominant phases, respectively. The risk of COVID-19 also increased with time since the most recent prior COVID-19 episode and with the number of vaccine doses previously received.

Conclusions
The bivalent COVID-19 vaccine given to working-aged adults afforded modest protection overall against COVID-19 while the BA.4/5 lineages were the dominant circulating strains, afforded less protection when the BQ lineages were dominant, and effectiveness was not demonstrated when the XBB lineages were dominant.
Effectiveness of Casirivimab and Imdevimab Antibody Combination in Immunocompromised Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Post Hoc Analysis in a Phase 1/2/3 Double–Blind Trial
Authors: Somersan-Karakaya Selin , Mylonakis Eleftherios , Mou Jenni , Oviedo-Orta Ernesto , O’Brien Meagan P , Mas Casullo Veronica , Mahmood Adnan , Hooper Andrea T , Hussein Mohamed , Ali Shazia , Marty Francisco M , Forleo-Neto Eduardo , Bhore Rafia , Hamilton Jennifer D , Herman Gary A , Hirshberg Boaz , Weinreich David M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Individuals who are immunocompromised (IC) are at high risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods
Post hoc analyses of a double-blind trial conducted prior to Omicron (June 2020–April 2021), in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 assessed viral load, clinical outcomes, and safety of casirivimab plus imdevimab (CAS + IMD) versus placebo in IC versus overall study patients.

Results
Ninety-nine of 1940 (5.1%) patients were IC. IC versus overall patients were more frequently seronegative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies (68.7% vs 41.2%) and had higher median baseline viral loads (7.21 vs 6.32 log10 copies/mL). On placebo, IC versus overall patients had slower viral load declines. CAS + IMD reduced viral load in IC and overall patients; least-squares mean difference versus placebo in time-weighted average change from baseline viral load at day 7 was −0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.25 to −.14) log10 copies/mL for IC patients and −0.31 (95% CI, −.42 to −.20) log10 copies/mL for overall patients. For IC patients, the cumulative incidence of death or mechanical ventilation at day 29 was lower with CAS + IMD (11.0%) versus placebo (17.2%), consistent with overall patients (15.7% CAS + IMD vs 18.3% placebo). IC and overall patients receiving CAS + IMD exhibited similar rates of treatment-emergent adverse events (30.4% and 26.6%, respectively), grade ≥2 hypersensitivity or infusion-related reactions (1.4% and 2.5%), and deaths (8.7% and 12.2%).

Conclusions
IC patients were more likely to exhibit high viral loads and be seronegative at baseline. For susceptible SARS-CoV-2 variants, CAS + IMD reduced viral load and resulted in fewer death or mechanical ventilation events in IC and overall study patients. There were no new safety findings among IC patients.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04426695.
Cotton leaf curl Multan virus C4 protein suppresses autophagy to facilitate viral infection
Authors: Yang Meng , Ismayil Asigul , Gao Teng , Ye Zihan , Yue Ning , Wu Jie , Zheng Xiyin , Li Yiqing , Wang Yan , Hong Yiguo , Liu Yule 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in plant antiviral defense. Several plant viruses are reported to encode viral suppressor of autophagy (VSA) to prevent autophagy for effective virus infection. However, whether and how other viruses, in particular DNA viruses, also encode VSAs to affect viral infection in plants is unknown. Here, we report that the C4 protein encoded by Cotton leaf curl Multan geminivirus (CLCuMuV) inhibits autophagy by binding to the autophagy negative regulator eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) to enhance the eIF4A—Autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) interaction. By contrast, the R54A or R54K mutation in C4 abolishes its capacity to interact with eIF4A, and neither C4R54A nor C4R54K can suppress autophagy. However, the R54 residue is not essential for C4 to interfere with transcriptional gene silencing or post-transcriptional gene silencing. Moreover, plants infected with mutated CLCuMuV-C4R54K develop less severe symptoms with decreased levels of viral DNA. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism underlying how the DNA virus CLCuMuV deploys a VSA to subdue host cellular antiviral autophagy defense and uphold viral infection in plants.
Plant-on-chip: Core morphogenesis processes in the tiny plant Wolffia australiana
Authors: Li Feng , Yang Jing-Jing , Sun Zong-Yi , Wang Lei , Qi Le-Yao , A Sina , Liu Yi-Qun , Zhang Hong-Mei , Dang Lei-Fan , Wang Shu-Jing , Luo Chun-Xiong , Nian Wei-Feng , O’Conner Seth , Ju Long-Zhen , Quan Wei-Peng , Li Xiao-Kang , Wang Chao , Wang De-Peng , You Han-Li , Cheng Zhu-Kuan , Yan Jia , Tang Fu-Chou , Yang De-Chang , Xia Chu-Wei , Gao Ge , Wang Yan , Zhang Bao-Cai , Zhou Yi-Hua , Guo Xing , Xiang Sun-Huan , Liu Huan , Peng Tian-Bo , Su Xiao-Dong , Chen Yong , Ouyang Qi , Wang Dong-Hui , Zhang Da-Ming , Xu Zhi-Hong , Hou Hong-Wei , Bai Shu-Nong , Li Ling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A plant can be thought of as a colony comprising numerous growth buds, each developing to its own rhythm. Such lack of synchrony impedes efforts to describe core principles of plant morphogenesis, dissect the underlying mechanisms, and identify regulators. Here, we use the minimalist known angiosperm to overcome this challenge and provide a model system for plant morphogenesis. We present a detailed morphological description of the monocot Wolffia australiana, as well as high-quality genome information. Further, we developed the plant-on-chip culture system and demonstrate the application of advanced technologies such as single-nucleus RNA-sequencing, protein structure prediction, and gene editing. We provide proof-of-concept examples that illustrate how W. australiana can decipher the core regulatory mechanisms of plant morphogenesis.
Regional superficial amygdala resting-state functional connectivity in adults infers childhood maltreatment severity
Authors: Liu Qi , Song Xinwei , Zhou Xinqi , Huang Linghong , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Lan , Zhu Siyu , Lan Chunmei , Yang Wenxu , Zhao Weihua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a potential risk factor for some neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood (e.g. depression and anxiety) and alters trajectories of brain development. Accumulating evidence suggests that functional connectivity of the limbic system, especially the amygdala, is highly associated with childhood maltreatment, although not all studies have found this. These inconsistent results may be due to differential alterations of amygdala resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) following childhood maltreatment.

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions and CM severity, as well as to develop a stable rsFC-based model for inferring the severity of CM.

Methods
In this study, we employed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess CM severity in each individual. We explored the relationship between the rsFC of amygdala subregions (i.e. centromedial -CMA, basolateral -BLA, superficial-SFA amygdala) and CM experience in a discovery dataset of n = 110 healthy Chinese participants by linear multiple regression analysis. Subsequent dimensional and categorical approach were performed to elucidate the relationship between rsFCs and CM severity and CM subtypes, respectively. A support vector regression model was then conducted to validate the associations between rsFCs and total CTQ scores. Moreover, we also verified the model into another independent replication dataset (n = 38).

Results
Our findings suggested that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with rsFC between the right superficial amygdala and perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC)/postcentral gyrus (PCG) but not the other two amygdala subregions. Moreover, SFA-pgACC coupling was more associated with physical neglect whereas the SFA-PCG was more related to emotional neglect. In addition, supervised machine learning confirmed that using these two rsFCs as predictors could stably estimate continuous maltreatment severity in both discovery and replication datasets.

Conclusion
The current study supports that the rsFCs of superficial amygdala are related to childhood maltreatment and which may be a potential biomarker for the effects of childhood maltreatment-related psychiatric disorders (i.e. depression and anxiety).
An injectable hydrogel combining medicine and matrix with anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties for potential treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Feng Jiayin , Xing Min , Qian Wenhao , Qiu Jiajun , Liu Xuanyong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
One of the main illnesses that put people’s health in jeopardy is myocardial infarction (MI). After MI, damaged or dead cells set off an initial inflammatory response that thins the ventricle wall and degrades the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the ischemia and hypoxic conditions resulting from MI lead to significant capillary obstruction and rupture, impairing cardiac function and reducing blood flow to the heart. Therefore, attenuating the initial inflammatory response and promoting angiogenesis are very important for the treatment of MI. Here, to reduce inflammation and promote angiogenesis in infarcted area, we report a new kind of injectable hydrogel composed of puerarin and chitosan via in situ self-assembly with simultaneous delivery of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CHP@Si) for myocardial repair. On the one hand, puerarin degraded from CHP@Si hydrogel modulated the inflammatory response via inhibiting M1-type polarization of macrophages and expression of pro-inflammatory factors. On the other hand, silica ions and puerarin released from CHP@Si hydrogel showed synergistic activity to improve the cell viability, migration and angiogenic gene expression of HUVECs in both conventional and oxygen/glucose-deprived environments. It suggests that this multifunctional injectable CHP@Si hydrogel with good biocompatibility may be an appropriate candidate as a bioactive material for myocardial repair post-MI.
A review of Zenalb 20 with the focus on its application in the clinical setting for patients requiring low sodium or chloride albumin
Authors: Patel Hitan , Dash Clive H , Paddick Martyn , Turnbull Robin , More John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesPerceptions that formulations of human albumin solution have not evolved and are interchangeable need to be reconsidered amid renewed appreciation of this therapy in its current uses, and in potential new uses. Initially indicated for volume expansion in severely ill or trauma patients, human albumin solution has been established in a broadening array of clinical applications as understanding of its structure–function relationships has deepened. This article reviews the clinical roles of human albumin solution, the evolution of manufacturing processes and the growing interest in the use of albumin as a therapeutic agent in an expanding range of clinical scenarios.MethodsLiterature searching was conducted through PubMed, bibliographies of prior publications specific to human albumin solution and ClinicalTrials.gov. This review includes multidisciplinary perspectives on the chemistry, physiology, extraction, processing, formulation and clinical applications of human albumin based on the published literature, authors’ professional experience and product quality-assurance data.Key findingsCurrent formulations of human albumin solution vary in composition, including the use of chemical stabilizers and concentrations of key electrolytes, especially sodium and chloride. Through innovations in manufacturing processes since the 1990s, Zenalb 20 is defined by its high albumin purity, use of a single stabilizer and electrolyte concentrations that are substantially lower than in normal human plasma. The clinical relevance of these features may increase as the use of human serum albumin continues to expand in patient populations receiving multiple medications and fluids, for whom electrolyte balance is crucial.ConclusionAs a low electrolyte formulation, Zenalb 20 provides a clinical option to increase oncotic pressure when a colloid is needed without worsening pathological hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia and hyperkalaemia.
Plant–soil feedback regulates the trade-off between phosphorus acquisition pathways in Pinus elliottii
Authors: Ma Ning , Kou Liang , Li Shenggong , Dai Xiaoqin , Meng Shengwang , Jiang Lei , Xue Yafang , Zheng Jiajia , Fu Xiaoli , Wang Huimin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plant–soil feedback (PSF) is conventionally characterized by plant biomass growth, yet it remains unclear how PSF affects plant nutrient acquisition strategies (e.g., nutrient absorption and nutrient resorption) associated with plant growth, particularly under changing soil environments. A greenhouse experiment was performed with seedlings of Pinus elliottii Englem and conditioned soils of monoculture plantations (P. elliottii and Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook). Soil sterilization was designed to test plant phosphorus (P) acquisition strategy with and without native soil fungal communities. Soils from P. elliottii and C. lanceolata plantations were used to explore the specific soil legacy effects on two different P acquisition pathways (absorption and resorption). Phosphorus addition was also applied to examine the separate and combined effects of soil abiotic factors and soil fungal factors on P acquisition pathways. Due to diminished mycorrhizal symbiosis, PSF prompted plants to increasingly rely on P resorption under soil sterilization. In contrast, P absorption was employed preferentially in the heterospecific soil, where species-specific pathogenic fungi could not affect P absorption. Higher soil P availability diluted the effects of soil fungal factors on the trade-off between the two P acquisition pathways in terms of the absolute PSF. Moreover, P addition plays a limited role in terms of the relative PSF and does not affect the direction and strength of relative PSF. Our results reveal the role of PSF in regulating plant P acquisition pathways and highlight the interaction between mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi as the underlying mechanism of PSF.