bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bonding III–V/Textured‐Silicon Monolithic Flexible Tandem Devices
Authors: Li Xingliang , Wang He , Zhang Wudi , Li Renjie , Ren Ningyu , Wang Sanlong , Li Yuxiang , Zou Qiaojiao , Han Wei , Zhang Qixing , Hou Guofu , Huang Qian , Xu Shengzhi , Zhang Chaohua , Sun Qiang , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIII–V/silicon tandem solar cells simultaneously have the potential advantages of high efficiency and low cost. Bonding is an effective way to realize tandem at both ends. However, it is difficult to realize vacuum bonding in industrialized micrometer‐sized pyramid silicon cells. Up to know, all bonding in III–V/silicon tandem solar cells is based on planar silicon cells. Here, a transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) based on micron particle size is designed and implemented, which realizes the bonding of III–V cell and textured silicon cell for the first time. The TCA consists of epoxy adhesive 301 (Epoxy‐301) as transparent adhesive and silver‐coated flexible polymethylmethacrylate microspheres as conductive particles. The average contact resistance of TCA is 0.17 Ω cm2, and the transmittance exceeds 91% in the range of 800—1200 nm. In addition, TCA shows good stability in the etching process of GaAs substrates. Monolithic III–V/silicon device exhibits 25.1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) on thin and textured silicon heterojunction solar cells, which enables flexible properties of tandem cells. Compared with silicon subcell and III–V subcell, the performance of tandem device is improved by 28.3% and 8.6%, respectively. This strategy provides a broad research window for improving the performance of tandem solar cells based on industrialized textured‐silicon bottom cells.
Highly Scalable, Flexible, and Frequency Reconfigurable Millimeter‐Wave Absorber by Screen Printing VO2 Switch Array onto Large Area Metasurfaces
Authors: Park Eiyong , Li Weiwei , Jung Heijun , Lee Minjae , Park Joon‐Ha , Shamim Atif , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlexible and reconfigurable (FAR) electronics are in high demand for emerging applications, including wearable, bioelectronics, and internet of things. Highly scalable antenna arrays or periodic surfaces are required for high directivity or electromagnetic wave path control, particularly for 5G millimeter‐wave (mm‐wave) due to high path losses. Conventional lumped tuning components have limitations related to scalable FAR electronics and hence highly scalable and flexible vanadium dioxides (VO2) switch array is proposed for mm‐wave applications. A frequency reconfigurable mm‐wave absorber is designed by screen printing the VO2 switch array to demonstrate the proposed approach feasibility for large scale electronics, achieving high scalability, tunability, and flexibility because the 40 µm thick VO2 switch array satisfies radio frequency switch requirement. Flexibility and repeatability are tested up to 2000 bending cycles with 25 mm bending radius, and tunability and scalability are demonstrated with 300 ON/OFF ratio, and 98% product yield for 400 switches printed on 144 × 144 mm2 polyethylene terephthalate substrates. Absorption frequency is switchable from 14 to 28 GHz at 150 mm bend radius while retaining better than 90% absorptivity as a frequency reconfigurable mm‐wave absorber. Therefore, the proposed VO2 switch array would be suitable for scalable 5G and 6G FAR electronics.
A Stretchable Filament Sensor with Tunable Sensitivity for Wearable Robotics and Healthcare Applications
Authors: Davies James , Thai Mai Thanh , Hoang Trung Thien , Nguyen Chi Cong , Phan Phuoc Thien , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTaking a leaf out of evolutionary biology, soft robots have begun to utilize compliant materials and structures for improved interactions with humans and complex environments. However, these advances have not been followed closely by sensing mechanisms. Biology has had a head start on the development of advanced sensing systems. The human body and its skeletal muscles can tune their morphologies to interact with the surrounding environment. Inspired by such biological systems, this paper introduces a novel hydraulic soft filament sensor (SFS) with tunable sensitivity. The SFS is a type of hydraulic pressure‐based tubular strain sensor, which has a sensing core made of a soft and stretchable micro‐sized filament filled with incompressible fluid where its inner hydraulic pressure is changed with strain. The SFS can be customized to form a wide range of configurations such as a long fiber or a skin‐like structure. To demonstrate the SFS capability, different configurations for the SFS are fabricated and experimentally validated. The scalable and tunable nature of the SFS makes it suitable for a wide range of wearable and medical applications.
Multichannel Impedance Cytometry Downstream of Cell Separation by Deterministic Lateral Displacement to Quantify Macrophage Enrichment in Heterogeneous Samples
Authors: Torres‐Castro Karina , Jarmoshti Javad , Xiao Li , Rane Aditya , Salahi Armita , Jin Li , Li Xudong , Caselli Federica , Honrado Carlos , Swami Nathan S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe integration of on‐chip biophysical cytometry downstream of microfluidic enrichment for inline monitoring of phenotypic and separation metrics at single‐cell sensitivity can allow for active control of separation and its application to versatile sample sets. Integration of impedance cytometry downstream of cell separation by deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) for enrichment of activated macrophages from a heterogeneous sample is presented, without the problems of biased sample loss and sample dilution caused by off‐chip analysis. This requires designs to match cell/particle flow rates from DLD separation into the confined single‐cell impedance cytometry stage, the balancing of flow resistances across the separation array width to maintain unidirectionality, and the utilization of co‐flowing beads as calibrated internal standards for inline assessment of DLD separation and for impedance data normalization. Using a heterogeneous sample with un‐activated and activated macrophages, wherein macrophage polarization during activation causes cell size enlargement, on‐chip impedance cytometry is used to validate DLD enrichment of the activated subpopulation at the displaced outlet, based on the multiparametric characteristics of cell size distribution and impedance phase metrics. This hybrid platform can monitor the separation of specific subpopulations from cellular samples with wide size distributions, for active operational control and enhanced sample versatility.
Outstanding High Field‐Effect Mobility of 299 cm2 V−1 s−1by Nitrogen‐Doped SnO2Nanosheet Thin‐Film Transistor
Authors: Pooja Pheiroijam , Che Chien Chun , Zeng Shi‐Hao , Lee Yu Chieh , Yen Te‐Jui , Chin Albert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecord high field‐effect mobility (µFE) thin film transistors (TFTs) based on 5 and 7 nm thickness SnON channel layer is reported. The SnON TFT device with 7.6% nitrogen content achieves a record high µFEof 299 cm2 V−1 s−1at 7 nm thickness and 277 cm2 V−1 s−1at 5 nm thickness, compared to SnO2with µFEof 211 cm2 V−1 s−1. At the same 5 nm quasi‐2D channel thickness, this µFEof nanocrystalline SnON transistor is comparable to single crystalline Si and InGaAs metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) and also higher than the phonon‐scattering‐limited 2D MoS2FET. From the principle of quantum‐mechanical calculation, the high µFEof nanosheet SnON TFT is due to lower effective mass of electrons, 0.29 m0in the conduction band in contrast to 0.41 m0of SnO2. SnON can reduce the defect trap densities by introducing non‐oxide anions where the valence band can be controlled to remove or passivate the oxygen vacancy levels by substitutional alloying with nitrogen anions to circumvent instability, increase on‐current (ION) and improve the µFE. It is highly expected that the high performance quasi‐2D nanosheet SnON TFTs will be utilized in embedded DRAM and monolithic 3D integrated circuits (ICs).
Charge‐Transfer Polymeric Hydrogels with Self‐Healing, Injectable, Thermosensitive, Adhesive, and Antibacterial Properties for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Ru , Liu Cuiwen , Wei Chengmeng , Huang Jingtao , Zou Xiaohui , Feng Yanxian , Ang Song , Guo Suqin , Qu Jinqing , Qing Ning , Tang Chengcheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Chen Min , Tang Liuyan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCharge transfer (CT) complexes are self‐assembled structures with a variety of attractive properties, but little is known about their performance in the construction of polymeric hydrogels. Herein, a series of hydrogels (CT‐hydrogels) with CT complex are designed and synthesized. The CT complex, consisting of pyranine derivative (sodium 8‐((4‐vinylbenzyl)oxy)pyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonate, VB‐HPTS) and viologen derivative (1‐methyl‐1′‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium chloride iodide, VB‐MV), serves as the cross‐linker, and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)acrylamide is used as the backbone monomer. The CT complex allows CT‐hydrogels to have rapid self‐healing property, injectability, thermosensitivity, good adhesive strength on skin, and excellent antibacterial performance against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. In addition, they have good biocompatibility and long‐term stability in both ambient and aqueous environments, showing potential application as wound dressing. Their performance in diabetic wound healing displays high wound healing rate, effectively inhibits inflammatory infiltration, and promotes neovascularization as compared with commercial wound dressings. The results of this study suggest that the multifunctional CT‐hydrogels are of great value in wound healing, and show a promising future to design hydrogels with CT complexes.
A Wearable Self‐Powered Multi‐Parameter Respiration Sensor
Authors: Dai Jieyu , Meng Jianping , Zhao Xiaoming , Zhang Weiyi , Fan Yubo , Shi Bojing , Li Zhou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRespiratory disease can be early warned by many respiratory parameters such as intensity, rhythm, temperature, and breath molecules like acetone. It requires a complex process to measure these respiratory parameters simultaneously in clinical practice. Therefore, it is a hot topic to design portable devices especially wearable electronics to monitor respiratory conditions continually in daily life. Here, a flexible self‐powered multi‐parameter respiration sensor based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thin film and flexible interdigital electrodes that is bonding with sodium‐doped zinc oxide nanoflowers is demonstrated , which can detect airflow, temperature, and acetone during breathing. The respiration sensor may provide some reference ways for the fabrication of miniaturized respiratory disease monitoring devices.
Washable and Flexible All Carbon Electrothermal Joule Heater for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Weerathunga Helapiyumi , Do Thu Trang , Pham Hong Duc , Jones Robert , MacLeod Jennifer , Kim TaeYoung , Dubal Deepak 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmid the rapid development of electric vehicles, a flexible and waterproof radiant heater that can withstand repeated bending and washing is highly desirable. Herein, a freestanding, ultra‐flexible, and washable joule heater is constructed using a biocompatible poly(styrene‐isoprene‐styrene) (SIBS) polymer as binder and carbon black (CB) as heating material. By controlling the amount of CB and the thickness of the film, a minimum resistivity, and conductivity of 26 mΩ cm and 7.4 S cm−1, respectively, is achieved. Remarkably, the 28% CB/SIBS film can reach a maximum temperature of 201 °C while maintaining a stable temperature at 130 °C for repeated ON/OFF cycles. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of post‐mortem material analysis shows that a 1 h stability test at 130 °C has no sign of degradation and the films remain extremely stable. The films also show exceptional electrothermal heater performance after carrying out mechanical property tests such as bending (over 30°), repetitive bending (1000 cycles), twisting (two turns), and washing (soaked in distilled water for over 12 h). These outstanding heater performances incorporate extreme chemical stability and mechanical flexibility proposing that the CB/SIBS‐based electrothermal elements hold great potential for numerous practical applications, such as heating systems in electric vehicles and wearable electronics.
Structure Control of Large‐Sized Graphene Foams for Outstanding Microwave Absorption, Thermal Insulation, and Mechanical Stability
Authors: Cheng Qi Heng , He Yu , Yang Hui Li , Mo Run Wei , Wang Jian Nong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of microwave technologies, electromagnetic pollution and stealth have become important problems to be solved. Although great efforts have been made in recent years, it is still a great challenge to achieve strong and broadband absorption combined with thermal and mechanical functionalities. Herein, a multi‐functional design toward three‐dimensional graphene foams (GFs) is provided. These foams are prepared to have large sizes by simple freezing and air‐drying of a structure‐integrated graphene oxide (GO) hydrogel, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is introduced to reinforce the GO framework. The remarkable finding is that the GF/PDMS composite possesses strong broad band absorption (reflection loss < ‐10 dB) over the entire frequency range of radar microwaves (2–18 GHz). This is attributed to the synergistic effects of dielectric loss of the GO material itself and the multi‐layer attenuation brought by the porous foam structure. Experimental results also show that the light foams have very low thermal conductivity of 0.03–0.13 W m−1 k−1 and mechanical flexibility for compression, extension, and torsion. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for large‐scale production of multifunctional microwave absorbing foam materials for applications in both civil and military fields.
Assessment of Wafer‐Level Transfer Techniques of Graphene with Respect to Semiconductor Industry Requirements
Authors: Wittmann Sebastian , Pindl Stephan , Sawallich Simon , Nagel Michael , Michalski Alexander , Pandey Himadri , Esteki Ardeshir , Kataria Satender , Lemme Max C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGraphene is a promising candidate for future electronic applications. Manufacturing graphene‐based electronic devices typically requires graphene transfer from its growth substrate to another desired substrate. This key step for device integration must be applicable at the wafer level and meet the stringent requirements of semiconductor fabrication lines. In this work, wet and semidry transfer (i.e. wafer bonding) are evaluated regarding wafer scalability, handling, potential for automation, yield, contamination, and electrical performance. A wafer scale tool is developed to transfer graphene from 150 mm copper foils to 200 mm silicon wafers without adhesive intermediate polymers. The transferred graphene coverage ranges from 97.9 % to 99.2 % for wet transfer and from 17.2 % to 90.8 % for semidry transfer, with average copper contaminations of 4.7 × 1013 (wet) and 8.2 × 1012 atoms/cm2 (semidry). The corresponding electrical sheet resistance extracted from terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy varied from 450 to 550 Ω sq−1 for wet transfer and from 1000 to 1650 Ω sq−1 for semidry transfer. Although the wet transfer is superior in terms of yield, carbon contamination level, and electrical quality, wafer bonding yields lower copper contamination levels and provides scalability due to existing industrial tools and processes. Our conclusions can be generalized to all 2D materials.
Robust and Elastic Bioinspired MXene‐Coated Foams with Enhanced Energy Storage and Conversion Capabilities
Authors: Jiang Degang , Bacal Christine Jurene O. , Usman Ken Aldren S. , Zhang Jizhen , Qin Si , Hegh Dylan , Lei Weiwei , Liu Jingquan , Razal Joselito M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConstructing highly porous structures using Ti3C2Tx MXene provides a promising strategy toward achieving low density, high specific surface area, and shorter ion/molecule transport paths. However, the weak MXene‐MXene or MXene‐substrate interactions hinder the development of ultra‐robust and elastic MXene‐based architectures. To address this issue, a bio‐inspired strategy is developed to effectively adhere the MXene nanosheets onto melamine foam via covalent and hydrogen bonding interactions through polyethyleneimine/polydopamine‐modification. The enhanced interactions contribute to high MXene loading (≈94 wt.%) and reversible compressibility even after 10 000 compression/release cycles at 80% strain. The compressible supercapacitor device assembled from this foam exhibits high energy storage capability (119 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1) with capacitance retention of ≈93% after 1000 compression/release cycles at 50% strain. Moreover, the presence of polydopamine and MXene enable the absorption of light in the UV–Vis and near‐IR regions, respectively, inducing photothermal conversion functionality, with an evaporation rate of ≈1.5 kg m−2 h−1 and ≈89% solar evaporation efficiency under one sun illumination. It is envisaged that this bio‐inspired chemical modification offers a versatile strategy for the assembly of MXene nanosheets onto different substrates for various applications, such as electromagnetic interference shielding, energy storage, and conversion.
Electroformed Inverse‐Opal Nanostructures for Surface‐Marker‐Specific Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles Directly from Complex Media
Authors: Lin Andrew A. , Jiang Zhimin , Yee Stephanie S. , Carpenter Erica L. , Pikul James H. , Issadore David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) – nanoscale membranous particles that carry multiple proteins and nucleic acid cargoes from their mother cells of origin into circulation – have enormous potential as biomarkers. However, devices appropriately scaled to the nanoscale to match the size of EVs (30–200 nm) have orders of magnitude too low throughput to process clinical samples (1012 EVs mL−1 in serum). To address this challenge, we develop a novel approach that incorporates billions of nanomagnetic sorters that act in parallel to precisely isolate sparse EVs based on immunomagnetic labeling directly from clinical samples at flow rates billions of times greater than that of a single nanofluidic device. To fabricate these chips, the ferromagnetic metals are electro‐deposited into a self‐assembled microlattice, achieving >109 nanoscale magnetophoretic sorting devices in a 3D postage stamp‐sized lattice with >70x magnetic traps and >20x enrichment of magnetic nanoparticles versus our previous work. The immunomagnetically labeled EVs are isolated and achieve a ≈100% increase in yield as well as increased purity compared to conventional methods. Building on the proof‐of‐concept demonstrations in this manuscript, this new approach has the potential to enhance the future clinical translation of EV biomarkers by enabling rapid, sensitive, and specific isolation of EV subpopulations from clinical samples.
3D Printing of Carbon Nanotube (CNT)/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Functional Composites and Preparation of Highly Sensitive, Wide‐range Detectable, and Flexible Capacitive Sensor Dielectric Layers via Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Authors: Yang Leipeng , Liu Xin , Xiao Yuan , Zhang Yongyan , Zhang Gaiping , Wang Yuping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs one of the widely used additive manufacturing technologies, FDM has been limited by small variety of available materials, poor mechanical properties, and lack of functionality of the FDM‐printed parts. In this study, CNT/TPU filaments are prepared, and their thermal behavior is determined to lay the foundation for FDM process. The effects of the CNT content on the mechanical and conductivity properties of FDM‐printed samples are investigated, and the FDM‐printed CNT/TPU dielectric layers are explored for capacitive sensing applications. The results show that the incorporation of CNT significantly affects their mechanical, electrical, and capacitive sensing properties. The addition of 6 wt.% CNT increases the tensile strength by 199%, the flexural strength by 34%, and the electrical resistivity from 1.35 × 1010 to 7.26 × 103 Ω sq−1. The sensitivity of the sensor with the FDM‐printed CNT/TPU dielectric layer microstructure is 0.04034 kPa−1 (0–20 kPa). The prepared CNT/TPU sensors have the advantages of wide detection range (0–800 kPa), a rapid response time (60 ms), and good repeatability, and have potential applications in detecting physical pressure, human motion, and human‐computer interaction. In conclusion, the CNT/TPU composite prepared in this study increases the types of suitable materials for FDM and expands the application potential of FDM.
Flow Casting Soft Shells with Geometrical Complexity and Multifunctionality
Authors: Fan Dongliang , Liao Yuxuan , Wu Wenyu , Zhang Ping , Yang Xin , Zhu Renjie , Wang Yifei , Yang Canhui , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoft shells are ubiquitous in soft devices, e.g., soft robots, wearable sensors, and soft medial replicas. However, previous widely accepted methods, such as mold casting, dip coating, and additive manufacturing, are limited to thick shells due to the mold assembly and the large friction during demolding, long processing time for mold dissolution, and poor scalability, respectively. Here, a facile, robust, and scalable manufacturing technique, named flow casting, to create soft shells with complex geometries and multifunctionalities is proposed. The method involves a flow‐governed layer casting process and a peel‐dominated demolding process. A one‐dimensional soft shell is first made with controllable thicknesses (100–400 µm) and fabricated various soft shells of intricate geometries, including three‐branched, circular‐shaped, and exquisite microstructures such as papillae and microgrooves on curved surfaces, with the resolution of feature sizes on the order of 100 µm. Furthermore, the versatility of this method is demonstrated with a 3D vascular phantom model for a magnetic robot transporting, microstructured cubic sleeves for enhancing the grasping ability of rigid grippers, and a stretchable optical waveguide capable of color changing by external mechanical stimuli.
Imparting Multi‐Scalar Architectural Control into Silk Materials Using a Simple Multi‐Functional Ice‐Templating Fabrication Platform
Authors: Joukhdar Habib , Och Zachary , Tran Hien , Heu Celine , Vasquez Gabriel Matus , Sultana Nawreen , Stevens Michael , Dokos Socrates , Lim Khoon S. , Lord Megan S. , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman tissues and organs exhibit complex hierarchical and gradient structures that are essential to their function and should be recapitulated within biomaterial scaffolds targeting their regeneration. Unidirectional freezing, an ice templating technique where ice acts as a porogen, is uniquely suited to recapitulating the architectural anisotropy, gradients, and hierarchical transitions of human tissues, but ice templating of polymeric systems, including silk fibroin, remains less well understood than their colloidal counterparts. To address this, a versatile and accessible freezing setup for silk that allows tuning of freezing parameters including the polymer cooling rate (30 °C min−1 to 2 °C min−1) and ice solidification velocity (2.5 to 0.6 mm min−1) using liquid nitrogen, is developed. Real time visual and thermal monitoring of the freezing process for multiple silk concentrations (2–10% wt/v) and material states (liquid, hydrogels) is performed and the conditions are correlated with pore morphology. Unprecedented control over pore size (100–90 000 µm2) and pore morphology (cellular–lamellar), consistent pore alignment, and generation of gradient porosity in silk scaffolds are demonstrated. For the first time, impact of shear thinning behavior of silk in ice crystal formation is demonstrated, showing non‐linear and complex freezing phenomena in silk.