bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between gait speed and mediolateral stability depends on a person's preferred speed
Authors: Brinkerhoff Sarah A. , Murrah William M. , Roper Jaimie A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMediolateral stability during walking requires active control and is complex. Step width, a proxy for stability, follows a curvilinear relationship as gait speeds increase. However, despite the complexity of maintenance for stability, no study has yet investigated the variation across individuals of the relationship between speed and step width. The purpose of this study was to determine if variation between adults affects the estimation of the relationship between speed and step width. Participants walked on a pressurized walkway 72 times. Gait speed and step width were measured within each trial. Mixed effects models assessed the relationship between gait speed and step width, and the variability in the relationship across participants. The relationship between speed and step width followed a reverse J-curve on average, but the relationship was moderated by participants’ preferred speed. Step width response as speed increases is not homogenous in adults. This finding suggests that “appropriate” stability moderation (tested across a range of speeds) differs as a function of an individual’s preferred speed. Mediolateral stability is complex, and further research to elucidate individual factors contributing to variation is needed.
From comparative gene content and gene order to ancestral contigs, chromosomes and karyotypes
Authors: Xu Qiaoji , Jin Lingling , Zheng Chunfang , Zhang Xiaomeng , Leebens-Mack James , Sankoff David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo reconstruct the ancestral genome of a set of phylogenetically related descendant species, we use the raccroche pipeline for organizing a large number of generalized gene adjacencies into contigs and then into chromosomes. Separate reconstructions are carried out for each ancestral node of the phylogenetic tree for focal taxa. The ancestral reconstructions are monoploids; they each contain at most one member of each gene family constructed from descendants, ordered along the chromosomes. We design and implement a new computational technique for solving the problem of estimating the ancestral monoploid number of chromosomes x. This involves a “g-mer” analysis to resolve a bias due long contigs, and gap statistics to estimate x. We find that the monoploid number of all the rosid and asterid orders is $$x=9$$

x
=
9

. We show that this is not an artifact of our method by deriving $$x\approx 20$$

x
≈
20

for the metazoan ancestor.
Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components
Authors: Kępińska-Pacelik Jagoda , Biel Wioletta , Witkowicz Robert , Podsiadło Cezary 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDog caregivers, mainly for economic reasons and easy availability, choose dry, over the counter diets (OTC). The mineral composition of OTC foods depends primarily on the components used in the production of the pet food. Regardless of the main component of the food, it must meet the recommended minimum mineral content, established by nutritional guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo) and heavy metal content (Pb, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni) using the methods of colorimetry and mass spectrometry, of OTC dry dog foods and to compare with the FEDIAF and AAFCO nutritional guidelines. Dry foods pose no risk to dogs in terms of heavy metal content. The worst results in terms of mineral content were obtained in mixed foods, therefore it is worth considering feeding the dog a mono-protein food. The PCA analysis disproved our hypothesis and revealed that the main animal source did not statistically significantly affect the levels of minerals and their ratios. However, the analysis of contrasts confirms the differentiation of the content of individual minerals between the groups of foods. For the first time, we proved that pet food with a mineral composition similar to the MIN-RL may be characterized by unfavorable mineral ratios.
Navigated direct photocoagulation with a 30-ms short-pulse laser for treating microaneurysms in diabetic macular edema exhibits a high closure rate
Authors: Ikegami Yasuko , Shiraya Tomoyasu , Araki Fumiyuki , Ueta Takashi , Toyama Taku , Yanagita Tomohiko , Numaga Jiro , Shoji Nobuyuki , Kato Satoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study carried out direct photocoagulation for treating microaneurysms (MAs) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using a navigation laser system with a 30-ms pulse duration. The MA closure rate after 3 months was investigated using pre and postoperative fluorescein angiography images. MAs primarily inside the edematous area based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) maps were selected for treatment, and leaking MAs (n = 1151) were analyzed in 11 eyes (eight patients). The total MA closure rate was 90.1% (1034/1151), and the mean MA closure rate in each eye was 86.5 ± 8.4%. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased from 471.9 ± 73.0 μm to 420.0 ± 87.5 μm (P = 0.049), and there was a correlation between the MA closure rate and the CRT reduction rate (r = 0.63, P = 0.037). There was no difference in the MA closure rate depending on the degree of edema thickness based on a false-color topographic OCT map image. Direct photocoagulation for DME with a short pulse using the navigated photocoagulator resulted in a high MA closure rate in just 3 months and a corresponding improvement in retinal thickness. These findings encourage the use of a new therapeutic approach for DME.
Tea leaf disease detection and identification based on YOLOv7 (YOLO-T)
Authors: Soeb Md. Janibul Alam , Jubayer Md. Fahad , Tarin Tahmina Akanjee , Al Mamun Muhammad Rashed , Ruhad Fahim Mahafuz , Parven Aney , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Karri Soni Lanka , Meftaul Islam Md. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA reliable and accurate diagnosis and identification system is required to prevent and manage tea leaf diseases. Tea leaf diseases are detected manually, increasing time and affecting yield quality and productivity. This study aims to present an artificial intelligence-based solution to the problem of tea leaf disease detection by training the fastest single-stage object detection model, YOLOv7, on the diseased tea leaf dataset collected from four prominent tea gardens in Bangladesh. 4000 digital images of five types of leaf diseases are collected from these tea gardens, generating a manually annotated, data-augmented leaf disease image dataset. This study incorporates data augmentation approaches to solve the issue of insufficient sample sizes. The detection and identification results for the YOLOv7 approach are validated by prominent statistical metrics like detection accuracy, precision, recall, mAP value, and F1-score, which resulted in 97.3%, 96.7%, 96.4%, 98.2%, and 0.965, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that YOLOv7 for tea leaf diseases in natural scene images is superior to existing target detection and identification networks, including CNN, Deep CNN, DNN, AX-Retina Net, improved DCNN, YOLOv5, and Multi-objective image segmentation. Hence, this study is expected to minimize the workload of entomologists and aid in the rapid identification and detection of tea leaf diseases, thus minimizing economic losses.
PCSK9, a novel immune and ferroptosis related gene in abdominal aortic aneurysm neck
Authors: Zhuang Junli , Zhu Hua , Cheng Ziqi , Hu Xinyao , Yu Xiaohui , Li Jie , Liu Huagang , Tang Peng , Zhang Ying , Xiong Xiaoxing , Deng Hongping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe gene expression profile of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) neck is not fully understood. The etiology of AAA is considered to be related to atherosclerosis and the inflammatory response, involving congenital, genetic, metabolic, and other factors. The level of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is related to those of cholesterol, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. PCSK9 inhibitors have significant effects on lowering LDL-cholesterol, reversing atherosclerotic plaques, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events and have been approved by several lipid-lowering guidelines. This work was aimed to investigate the potential role of PCSK9 in the neck of AAA. We extracted the expression dataset (GSE47472) containing 14 AAA patients and 8 donors and single-cell RNAseq (scRNA-seq) data (GSE164678) of CaCl2-induced (AAA) samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Through bioinformatics methods, we found that PCSK9 was up-regulated in the proximal neck of human AAA. In AAA, PCSK9 was mainly expressed in fibroblasts. Additionally, immune check-point PDCD1LG2 was also expressed higher in AAA neck than donor, while CTLA4, PDCD1, and SIGLEC15 were down-regulated in AAA neck. The expression of PCSK was correlated with PDCD1LG2, LAG3, and CTLA4 in AAA neck. Additionally, some ferroptosis-related genes were also down-regulated in AAA neck. PCSK9 was also correlated with ferroptosis-related genes in AAA neck. In conclusion, PCSK9 was highly expressed in AAA neck, and may exert its role through interacting with immune check-points and ferroptosis-related genes.
Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary intervention on insulin resistance and appetite hormones over a 3 year period
Authors: Brzozowska Malgorzata M. , Isaacs Michelle , Bliuc Dana , Baldock Paul A. , Eisman John A. , White Chris P. , Greenfield Jerry R. , Center Jacqueline R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo examine an impact of three types of bariatric surgery compared with dietary intervention (DIET), on concurrent changes in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and appetite hormones over 3 years. Fifty-five adults were studied during phase of weight loss (0–12 months) and during weight stability (12–36 months) post intervention. Measurements of HOMA-IR, fasting and postprandial PYY and GLP1, adiponectin, CRP, RBP4, FGF21 hormones and dual-Xray absorptiometry were performed throughout the study. All surgical groups achieved significant reductions in HOMA-IR with greatest difference between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and DIET (− 3.7; 95% CI − 5.4, − 2.1; p = 0.001) at 12–36 months. Initial (0–12 months) HOMA-IR values were no different to DIET after adjustment for the lost weight. During 12–36 months, after controlling for treatment procedure and weight, for every twofold increase in postprandial PYY and adiponectin, HOMA-IR decreased by 0.91 (95% CI − 1.71, − 0.11; p = 0.030) and by 0.59 (95% CI − 1.10, − 0.10; p = 0.023) respectively. Initial, non-sustained changes in RBP4 and FGF21 were not associated with HOMA-IR values. While initial rapid weight loss reduces insulin resistance, the enhanced secretions of PYY and adiponectin may contribute to weight-independent improvements in HOMA-IR during weight stability.Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000188730.
Diagnostic performance of an automated microscopy and pH test for diagnosis of vaginitis
Authors: Lev-Sagie Ahinoam , Strauss Doris , Ben Chetrit Avraham 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVaginitis is a common gynecological problem, nevertheless, its clinical evaluation is often insufficient. This study evaluated the performance of an automated microscope for the diagnosis of vaginitis, by comparison of the investigated test results to a composite reference standard (CRS) of wet mount microscopy performed by a specialist in vulvovaginal disorders, and related laboratory tests. During this single-site cross-sectional prospective study, 226 women reporting vaginitis symptoms were recruited, of which 192 samples were found interpretable and were assessed by the automated microscopy system. Results showed sensitivity between 84.1% (95%CI: 73.67–90.86%) for Candida albicans and 90.9% (95%CI: 76.43–96.86%) for bacterial vaginosis and specificity between 65.9% (95%CI: 57.11–73.64%) for Candida albicans and 99.4% (95%CI: 96.89–99.90%) for cytolytic vaginosis. These findings demonstrate the marked potential of machine learning-based automated microscopy and an automated pH test of vaginal swabs as a basis for a computer-aided suggested diagnosis, for improving the first-line evaluation of five different types of infectious and non-infectious vaginal disorders (vaginal atrophy, bacterial vaginosis, Candida albicans vaginitis, cytolytic vaginosis, and aerobic vaginitis/desquamative inflammatory vaginitis). Using such a tool will hopefully lead to better treatment, decrease healthcare costs, and improve patients’ quality of life.
Inference of glioblastoma migration and proliferation rates using single time-point images
Authors: Rosén Emil , Mangukiya Hitesh Bhagavanbhai , Elfineh Ludmila , Stockgard Rebecka , Krona Cecilia , Gerlee Philip , Nelander Sven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCancer cell migration is a driving mechanism of invasion in solid malignant tumors. Anti-migratory treatments provide an alternative approach for managing disease progression. However, we currently lack scalable screening methods for identifying novel anti-migratory drugs. To this end, we develop a method that can estimate cell motility from single end-point images in vitro by estimating differences in the spatial distribution of cells and inferring proliferation and diffusion parameters using agent-based modeling and approximate Bayesian computation. To test the power of our method, we use it to investigate drug responses in a collection of 41 patient-derived glioblastoma cell cultures, identifying migration-associated pathways and drugs with potent anti-migratory effects. We validate our method and result in both in silico and in vitro using time-lapse imaging. Our proposed method applies to standard drug screen experiments, with no change needed, and emerges as a scalable approach to screen for anti-migratory drugs.
Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ)-based optomechanics
Authors: Kiasat Yasaman , Donato Maria Grazia , Hinczewski Michael , ElKabbash Mohamed , Letsou Theodore , Saija Rosalba , Maragò Onofrio Maria , Strangi Giuseppe , Engheta Nader 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptomechanics deals with the control and applications of mechanical effects of light that stems from the redistribution of photon momenta in light scattering. As an example, light-induced levitation of an infinitesimally small dipolar particle is expected in front of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterials. However, a theoretical understanding of these effects on single-material and multi-material larger particles is still lacking. Here, we investigate, analytically and numerically, optical forces on polarizable particles with size ranging from 20 nm to a 1 μm in proximity of ENZ metamaterials. We look at the general features of the repulsive-attractive optomechanics from the nano to the microscale exploiting different theoretical methods (dipole approximation, finite elements calculations, transition (T-)matrix). We discuss the role of realistic layered materials, as our ENZ substrate, on optical forces and analyze the influence of composition and shape by studying a range of complex particles (dielectric, core-shell, plasmonic ellipsoids). Physical insights into the results are discussed and future research directions are forecasted. Our results provide possibilities in exploiting engineered materials and surfaces for the manipulation and tailoring of light-induced forces in optomechanics.
German citizens’ preference for domestic carbon dioxide removal by afforestation is incompatible with national removal potential
Authors: Merk Christine , Liebe Ulf , Meyerhoff Jürgen , Rehdanz Katrin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEfficient and sustainable solutions for offsetting residual emissions via carbon dioxide removal are a major challenge. Proposed removal methods result in trade-offs with other Sustainable Development Goals, and the removal needs of many countries exceed their domestic potentials. Here, we examine the public acceptability of conducting afforestation and direct air capture programmes domestically in Germany or abroad. To uncover the relative importance of various programme attributes, we use a multifactorial vignette experiment. We find that afforestation receives stronger support than direct capture. Next to the costs to households, minimising environmental impacts on biodiversity in forests and the use of renewable energy for direct capture are more important for acceptability than the permanence of storage. Further, individuals strongly prefer domestic programmes to offsets in other countries. These findings suggest significant discrepancies between strong public preferences for domestic carbon removal with low environmental side-effects and the too low potential for such removals.
3D bioprinting tumor models mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening
Authors: Mi Xuelian , Su Zhi , Yue Xiaokun , Ren Ya , Yang Xue , Qiang Lei , Kong Weiqing , Ma Zhenjiang , Zhang Changru , Wang Jinwu 
Published: April 2023

This review describes 3D bioprinting methods, the use of bioinks in tumor models, and in vitro tumor model design strategies for building complex tumor microenvironment features using biological 3D printing technology.
Cardiovascular research at the Heart of Clinical Science
Authors: Ryan Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Clinical Science was originally established as the journal Heart in 1909 by Sir Thomas Lewis and Sir James Mackenzie. Heart was an influential journal publishing cardiovascular research and was renamed Clinical Science in 1933 to attract broader research interests. Nevertheless, cardiovascular research contributions remain a foundational part of the journal to this day. This editorial provides historical perspective on the journal’s cardiovascular origins and includes data related to cardiovascular publications from the past decade. Clinical Science is committed to publishing leading cardiovascular research from the field and looks forward to receiving your submission.
Study of the stress-strain state of a flexible tubular element of the working body of a tillage machine
Authors: Pirogov Sergey , Cherentsov Dmitry , Ustinov Nikolai , Smolin Nikolai 
Published: April 2023

The designs of the working bodies of tillage and sowing machines are subject to requirements to ensure optimal agrotechnical requirements and minimize energy costs. This can be achieved by creating machines with controlled working bodies that are able to accurately comply with agrotechnical requirements and respond in a timely manner to changing external conditions. Known are designs of the working bodies of tillage machines, in which a flexible tubular element (manometric tubular spring) is used as a stand.
When applying variable pressure to the cavity of the tubular element, its end performs a reciprocating motion, which improves the quality of tillage. The paper presents the results of a study of the stress-strain state of the tubular element of the coulter using the ANSYS software package. The authors built a grid model of a tubular element, determined the horizontal component of the force of the soil impact on the coulter, at which stability loss is observed, and studied the influence of the geometric characteristics of the tubular element—the shape of the section, the opening angle, and the bending radius—on the critical force value. Tubular elements with a section variable in length were also investigated and their effectiveness was shown.
Does the Routine Skin-Only Closure in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Safely Diminish Abdominal Compartment Syndrome? A Hypothesis Generating Retrospective Study
Authors: Kontopodis Nikolaos , Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Tzartzalou Ifigeneia , Kasiolas Ioannis , Kafetzakis Alexandros , Chrysos Emmanuel , Ioannou Christos V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) often complicates ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair. We report results with routine skin-only abdominal wound closure after rAAA surgical repair.
Methods This was a single-center retrospective study including consecutive patients undergoing rAAA surgical repair for the duration of 7 years. Skin-only closure was routinely performed, and if possible, secondary abdominal closure was performed during the same admission. Demographic information, preoperative hemodynamic condition, and perioperative information (ACS, mortality, rate of abdominal closure, and postoperative outcomes) were collected.
Results During the study period, 93 rAAAs were recorded. Ten patients were too frail to undergo repair or refused treatment. Eighty-three patients underwent immediate surgical repair. The mean age was 72.4 ± 10.5 years, and the vast majority were male (82:1). Preoperative systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg was recorded in 31 patients. Intraoperative mortality was recorded in nine cases. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.9% (29/83). Primary fascial closure was performed in five patients, while skin-only closure was performed in 69. ACS was recorded in two cases in whom skin sutures were removed and negative pressure wound treatment was applied. Secondary fascial closure was feasible in 30 patients during the same admission. Among 37 patients not undergoing fascial closure, 18 died and 19 survived and were discharged with a planned ventral hernia repair. Median length of intensive care unit and hospital stay were 5 (1–24) and 13 (8–35) days, respectively. After a mean follow-up of 21 months, telephone contact was possible with 14/19 patients who left the hospital with an abdominal hernia. Three reported hernia-related complications mandating surgical repair, while in 11, this was well tolerated.
Conclusion Routine skin-only closure during rAAA surgical repair results in low rates of ACS at the expense of a high rate of patients being discharged with a planned ventral hernia which, however, seems to be well tolerated by the majority of patients.
A Unique Use of Regional Information Exchange by a Statewide Health System Serving Refugees: “Operation Allies Welcome”
Authors: Webber Emily C. , Peterson Rachel J. , Lory Katie , Kanis Jessica , Saysana Michele , Schneider Kimberly S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In September 2021, a military camp in the United States was identified for an initial relocation of over 6,600 Afghanistan refugees. This case report describes a novel use of existing health information exchange to expedite and provide health care for a large refugee population throughout the state during the duration of their entry into the United States.
Methods Medical teams of the health systems and military camp partnered to provide a scalable, reliable mechanism for clinical data exchange leveraging an existing regional health information exchange. Exchanges were evaluated for clinical type, originating source, and closed loop communication with the refugee camp and personnel military camp.
Results Approximately 50% of the camp residents were under the age of 18 years. Over 20 weeks, approximately 4.51% of the refugee camp residents were cared for in participating health systems. A total of 2,699 clinical data messages were exchanged, 62% of which were clinical documents.
Conclusion All health systems participating in care were offered support to utilize the tool and process set up using the regional health information exchange. The process and guiding principles may be applied to other refugee health care efforts to provide efficient, scalable, and reliable means of clinical data exchange to health care providers in similar situations.