bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of acute pericarditis
Authors: Avula Sravani , Madsen Nicolas 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Provide an update on current management and most recent evidence in the treatment of pediatric pericarditis.

Recent findings
While treatment of acute pericarditis has not significantly changed over the last decade, management of recurrent acute pericarditis, with increased attention to autoinflammation as a causal mechanism, has evolved substantially. This includes clinical trial evidence that newer medications targeting interleukin-1 receptors are effective in recurrent forms of pericarditis. In addition, advanced imaging utilizing cardiac magnetic resonance has emerged as a particularly effective way to detect ongoing pericardial inflammation in support of more difficult-to-treat patients.

Summary
Recent advances in acute and recurrent pericarditis management have allowed for a more tailored approach to the individual patient. Yet, unresolved questions require further research.
Imaging of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Stewart Merrill , Elagizi Andrew , Gilliland Yvonne E. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The current article reviews obstructive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and associated morphologic cardiac abnormalities. It focuses on echocardiographic imaging of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract obstruction, its evaluation, prognostication, and differentiation from other conditions mimicking obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Recent findings
Symptomatic patients with LV outflow tract (LVOT) gradients at least 50 mmHg on maximally tolerated medical therapy are candidates for advanced therapies. Resting echocardiography may only identify 30% of patients with obstructive physiology. Provocative maneuvers are essential for symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Exercise echocardiography is recommended if they fail to provoke a gradient. Although dynamic LV tract obstruction is seen with obstructive HCM, it is not specific to this condition and exists in other physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Careful clinical evaluation and imaging techniques aid in the differentiation of HCM from these conditions.

Summary
Imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification of HCM patients. Newer imaging technologies, including 3D transthoracic echocardiography, 3D transesophageal, speckle-derived 2D strain, and cardiac MRI, allow for a better hemodynamic understanding of systolic anterior motion and LV tract obstruction. Evolving techniques, that is, artificial intelligence, will undoubtedly further increase diagnostic capabilities. Newer medical therapies are available with the hope that this will lead to better patient management.
Maternal Reasons for Early Termination of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Premature Infants
Authors: Skaaning Diana , Brødsgaard Anne , Kronborg Hanne , Kyhnæb Anne , Pryds Ole , Carlsen Emma 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Maternal concerns for health and growth in prematurely born infants affect the breastfeeding duration.

Method:
This prospective observational study evaluated whether maternal concerns regarding insufficient milk supply were supported by inadequate nutrients in human milk or low infant growth. The study followed mothers of 211 premature born infants for 6 months after delivery.

Results:
Of the 211 infants, 156 were not exclusively breastfed for the recommended 6 months after delivery. For 79 of these 156 infants, termination was due to maternal concerns regarding insufficient milk supply. There was no difference in human milk nutrients or infant growth when comparing infants who were exclusively breastfed with those who were not.

Conclusion:
Maternal concern regarding insufficient milk supply was the primary explanation for termination of exclusive breastfeeding after premature delivery. Concerns regarding insufficient milk supply were not found associated with inadequate nutrients in the human milk, nor with low infant growth.

Implications:
Breastfeeding support should remain in focus in this population.
Analysis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia diagnostic and management strategies in individuals with inconclusive antibody optical densities
Authors: Erich Bradley J. , Knutson Jace , Barnes Brian J. 
Published: April 2023

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an uncommon but serious complication of exposure to heparin. Antibody optical densities (ODs) used to diagnose HIT exceeding 2 are highly suggestive of disease, whereas ODs less than 0.5 often ‘rule out’ HIT. Variation in the clinical care of patients with inconclusive ODs between 0.5 and 2 is likely. This single-centre, retrospective analysis evaluates the diagnosis, management and outcomes of those with antibody ODs between 0.5 and 2.
We queried our institution's Healthcare Enterprise Repository for Ontological Narration (HERON) database to identify individuals with antibody ODs between 0.5 and 2. Chart review was completed to calculate 4T scores, corroborate diagnosis codes with documented information in our electronic health record (EHR) and evaluate the diagnosis, management and outcomes of these individuals. These data were evaluated using descriptive and univariate statistics.
Among individuals evaluated for HIT between November 2007 and July 2020, we identified 302 individuals with ODs between 0.5 and 2. Serotonin release assays (SRAs) were assessed in 55% (165/302) and were positive in 12% (20/165). In those with available data, 96% with low 4T scores had negative SRAs and 4% had positive SRAs. As 4T scores and antibody ODs proportionally increased, SRA positivity also increased. Clinical management varied widely; however, 4T scoring remains a valuable assessment in this cohort.
In those with HIT antibody ODs between 0.5 and 2, true positives were uncommon, and their clinical management varied widely. Fortunately, 4T scoring is a useful prognostic tool that improves the diagnosis and management among those with inconclusive HIT.
The efficacy of glycerin suppositories for preterm infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Wen Lingling , Xu Liangyin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The effect of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds remained controversial in preterm infants, and thus we conducted this meta-analysis to identify the influence of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds in preterm infants.

Methods:
The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD20214283090). We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and Cochrane library databases through February 2020, and included randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds in preterm infants. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model.

Results:
Six Randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with control group in preterm infants, glycerin suppositories demonstrated no significant effect on days to full enteral feeds (mean difference = −0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.16 to 0.65; P = .58), the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (odd ratio = 3.62; 95% CI = 0.56–23.32; P = .18) or death (odd ratio = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.40–5.40; P = .57), but may increase the days under phototherapy (mean difference = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.43–0.57; P < .00001). Only low heterogeneity was seen among all outcomes.

Conclusions:
Glycerin suppositories may provide no additional benefits to preterm infants.
Planning adaptive treatment by longitudinal response assessment implementing MR imaging, liquid biopsy and analysis of microenvironment during neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer (PRIMO)
Authors: Wurschi Georg W. , Güllmar Daniel , Gaßler Nikolaus , Clement Joachim , Kesselmeier Miriam , Müller-Wurschi Julia J. , Settmacher Utz , Mothes Henning , Helfritzsch Herry , Liebe Yves , Franiel Tobias , Mäurer Matthias A. , Ernst Thomas , Nicolay Nils H. , Wittig Andrea 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Conducting neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and additional preoperative consolidating chemotherapy (CTx), that is, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), improves local control and complete response (CR) rates in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), putting the focus on organ preservation concepts. Therefore, assessing response before surgery is crucial. Some LARC patients would either not benefit from intensification by TNT or may reach CR, making resection not mandatory. Treatment of LARC should therefore be based on patient individual risk and response to avoid overtreatment.
The “PRIMO” pilot study aims to determine early response assessment to form a basis for development and validation of a noninvasive response prediction model by a subsequent prospective multicenter trial, which is highly needed for individual, response-driven therapy adaptions.

Methods:
PRIMO is a prospective observational cohort study including adult patients with LARC receiving neoadjuvant CRT. At least 4 multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] and hypoxia-sensitive sequences) as well as repeated blood samples in order to analyze circulating tumor cells (CTC) and cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) are scheduled. Pelvic radiotherapy (RT, 50.4 Gy) will be performed in combination with a 5-fluorouracil/oxaliplatin regimen in all patients (planned: N = 50), succeeded by consolidation CTx (FOLFOX4) if feasible. Additional (immuno)histochemical markers, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status will be analyzed before and after CRT. Routine resection is scheduled subsequently, nonoperative management is offered alternatively in case of clinical CR (cCR).The primary endpoint is pathological response; secondary endpoints comprise longitudinal changes in MRI as well as in CTCs and TIL. These are evaluated for early response prediction during neoadjuvant therapy, in order to develop a noninvasive response prediction model for subsequent analyses.

Discussion:
Early response assessment is the key in differentiating “good” and “bad” responders during neoadjuvant CRT, allowing adaption of subsequent therapies (additional consolidating CTx, organ preservation). This study will contribute in this regard, by advancing MR imaging and substantiating new surrogate markers. Adaptive treatment strategies might build on these results in further studies.
Clinical analysis and literature review of a complicated superior mesenteric artery stenosis with intestinal necrosis: A case report
Authors: Zhou Binbin , Huang Junjie , Chen Xiaobin , Lin Chen , Xia Yin , Jiang Rong 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis, as a common arterial disease, if coexists with other possible causes of abdominal pain, is complicated, which may require not only conservative treatment but also surgical intervention.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old male patient who was admitted to our hospital with pain located around the umbilicus and right lower quadrant for 12 hours.

Diagnosis:
SMA stenosis was initially diagnosed. After balloon dilatation of SMA and stent implantation, computed tomography angiography reexamination showed that the stent was migrated and the stenosis reoccurred. During the ileocecal resection and enterolysis, the necrotic bowel was found and cut open, and the intestinal fistula was found. Combined with his abdominal surgery history, the patient was diagnosed with complicated SMA stenosis with intestinal necrosis.

Interventions:
The balloon dilatation of SMA and stent implantation was performed. Because the stent was migrated and the stenosis reoccurred, so a balloon stent was implanted in the proximal stenosis of SMA again. The patient’s symptoms were relieved and reoccurred again. The ileocecal resection and enterolysis were performed.

Outcomes:
The computed tomography angiography showed that the stents were well deployed and unobstructed after 9 months follow-up.

Lessons:
When dealing with undetermined abdominal pain that especially has something to do with mesenteric artery ischemia, if there coexists with other possible causes of abdominal pain, we cannot only focus on vascular diseases. We should be vigilant, integrate multiple factors and their interactions to guarantee the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis and therapy.
Dekyphosis operation combined with limited osteotomy to treat the symptomatic adult tethered cord syndrome with complicated malformations: A case report
Authors: Jiao Liang , Yang Xiao , Wang Shuang , Ma Jun-Xiong , Zheng Liang , Wang Hong , Yu Hai-Long , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) represents a spectrum of neurological symptoms that are caused by constant or intermittent axial traction of the terminal cone of the spinal cord due to abnormal positioning. It is uncommon for abnormal structures of TCS to be accompanied by split cord malformation, thoracic spinal stenosis, and other spinal cord diseases.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old male patient visited our hospital due to severe lower back pain, extensive left lower limb muscle weakness, and intermittent claudication.

Diagnoses:
TCS combined with stenosis of the thoracic canal, split cord malformation, and kyphosis deformity.

Interventions:
The patient underwent Dekyphosis operation combined with limited osteotomy symptoms.

Outcomes:
The patient felt the right lower limb improved after surgery. At 4-month follow-up, a radiological examination showed adequate decompression of the spinal cord and a good internal fixation position. Overall, the patient’s clinical symptoms significantly improved.

Conclusion:
This is a rare case of TCS combined with thoracic disc herniation and bony mediastinum. A more conservative invasive surgical approach was elected and markedly improved the patient’s symptoms. Additional clinical cases are needed to confirm the stability and feasibility of this surgical approach.
Deep muscle stimulator in the treatment of post-stroke spasticity: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lei Junfang , Zhang Chengdong , Gai Jialin , Fan Xiaohua , Tang Jiqin 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Spasticity is one of the most common complications and sequelae of stroke, with the main clinical manifestations being increased muscle tension, pain, stiffness, and other disorders. It not only increases the length of hospitalization and medical costs but also affects the quality of daily life and the stress of returning to society, increasing the burden on patients and their families. At present, 2 driver types of deep muscle stimulator (DMS) have been used in the clinical treatment of post-stroke spasticity (PSS) with good clinical results, but there is no evidence of clinical efficacy and safety. Therefore, this study aims to integrate direct and indirect comparative clinical evidence through a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). According to the data, different driver types for DMS with the same body of evidence will be collected, analyzed, and sequenced in a quantitative and comprehensive manner and then screened for the optimal driver type of DMS device for PSS treatment. The study also aims to provide reference value and an evidence-based theoretical basis for the clinical optimization of DMS equipment selection.

Methods:
A comprehensive retrieval of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese scientific journal database, China biological feature database, Wanfang Chinese databases and the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase foreign databases will be conducted. Randomized controlled trials of these 2 driver types of DMS devices combined with conventional rehabilitation training of PSS will be searched and published. The retrieval time is from the establishment of the database to December 20, 2022. The 2 first authors will screen references that meet the inclusion criteria, independently extract data according to predesigned rules, and assess the quality of the included studies and the risk of bias according to the Cochrane 5.1 Handbook criteria. R programming and Aggregate Data Drug Information System software will be used to perform a combined NMA of the data and to evaluate the probability of ranking for all interventions.

Results:
The NMA and probability ranking will determine the best driver type of DMS device for PSS.

Conclusion:
This study will offer a comprehensive evidence-based approach to DMS therapy and assist doctors, PSS patients, and decision-makers in selecting a more efficient, secure, and cost-effective treatment option.
Reproductive outcomes of ectopic pregnancy with conservative and surgical treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Hong-Juan , Feng Li , Dong Li-Fei , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiao-Li 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Ectopic pregnancy (EP), one of the most common gynecological emergencies, is the major cause of maternal death in the first trimester and increases the incidence of infertility and repeat ectopic pregnancy (REP). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different treatment methods for tubal EP on natural pregnancy outcomes.

Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials for observational studies on EP (published until October 30,2022 in English) comparing methotrexate (MTX) versus surgery, MTX versus salpingostomy, MTX versus salpingectomy, salpingostomy versus salpingectomy, and MTX versus expectant treatment. Our main endpoints included subsequent natural intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and REP. We assessed the pooled data using Review Manager software (version 5.3) with a random effects model.

Results:
Of 1274 identified articles, 20 were eligible and 3530 participants were included in our analysis. There was a significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP in tubal EP patients who underwent MTX compared with those who were treated with surgery [odds ratios (OR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.20–1.92]. No significant difference was found in the odds of REP between the 2 groups (OR = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.51). There was no significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP and REP in patients after MTX compared to those after salpingostomy (OR = 1.04,95% CI: 0.79–1.38; OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.64–1.90). There was a significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP in patients after MTX compared with those after salpingectomy (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.52–2.93). No significant difference was found in the odds of REP between the 2 groups (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.57–1.71). There was a significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP between patients who underwent salpingostomy and those who underwent salpingectomy (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.29–2.01). No significant difference was found in the odds of REP between the 2 groups (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.62–2.37). There was no significant difference in the odds of subsequent IUP and REP in patients after MTX compared with those after expectant treatment (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.64–2.45; OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.09–5.55).

Conclusion:
For hemodynamically stable tubal EP patients, MTX has advantages over surgery, particularly salpingectomy, in improving natural pregnancy outcomes. However, MTX is not inferior to salpingostomy and expectant treatment.
The ascendancy of research in acronyms related to COVID-19 displayed on a growth-share matrix (GSM): Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hou Cheng-Yu , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chow Julie Chi , Chou Willy 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The acronym COVID, which stands for coronavirus disease, has become one of the most infamous acronyms in the world since 2020. An analysis of acronyms in health and medical journals has previously found that acronyms have become more common in titles and abstracts over time (e.g., DNA and human immunodeficiency virus are the most common acronyms). However, the trends in acronyms related to COVID remain unclear. It is necessary to verify whether the dramatic rise in COVID-related research can be observed by visualizations. The purpose of this study was to display the acronym trends in comparison through the use of temporal graphs and to verify that the COVID acronym has a significant edge over the other 2 in terms of research dominance.

Methods:
An analysis of the 30 most frequently used acronyms related to COVID in PubMed since 1950 was carried out using 4 graphs to conduct this bibliometric analysis, including line charts, temporal bar graphs (TBGs), temporal heatmaps (THM), and growth-share matrices (GSM). The absolute advantage coefficient (AAC) was used to measure the dominance strength for COVID acronym since 2020. COVID’s AAC trend was expected to decline over time.

Results:
This study found that COVID, DNA, and human immunodeficiency virus have been the most frequently observed research acronyms since 2020, followed by computed tomography and World Health Organization; although there is no ideal method for displaying acronym trends over time, researchers can utilize the GSM to complement traditional line charts, TBGs, and THMs, as shown in this study; and COVID has a significant edge over the other 2 in terms of research dominance by ACC (≥0.67), but COVID’s AAC trend has declined (e.g., AACs 0.83, 0.80, and 0.69) since 2020.

Conclusions:
It is recommended that the GSM complement traditional line charts, TBGs, and THMs in trend analysis, rather than being restricted to acronyms in future research. This research provides readers with the AAC to understand how research dominates its counterparts, which will be useful for future bibliometric analyses.
Painful and restricted hip due to myositis ossificans circumscripta of the pectineus muscle after pelvic fracture: A case report
Authors: Bai Qiushi , Zou Xiongfei , Yang Gang , Fan Yu , Wang Wenze , Zhang Baozhong , Chang Xiao 
Published: April 2023

Rationale:
Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a rare disorder that causes heterotopic bone formation in soft tissues. It usually occurs after trauma and affects large muscles of the extremities. MOC of the pectineus muscle is extremely rare and has not been reported to be treated surgically.

Patient concerns:
A 52-year-old woman presented with left hip pain and dysfunction 4 months after a traffic accident that caused pelvic and humeral fractures and cerebral hemorrhage.

Diagnoses:
Radiological imaging revealed isolated ossification of the left pectineus muscle. The patient was diagnosed with MOC.

Interventions:
The patient underwent surgical resection of the ossified pectineus muscle followed by local radiation and medical therapy.

Outcomes:
At 12 months postoperatively, she was asymptomatic and had normal hip function. No recurrence was observed on radiography.

Lessons:
MOC of the pectineus muscle is a rare condition that can cause severe hip dysfunction. Surgical resection combined with radiation and anti-inflammatory drugs can be an effective treatment option for patients who do not respond to conservative management.