bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of trophy hunting across Asia
Authors: Parker B. G. , Khanyari M. , Ambarlı H. , Buuveibaatar B. , Kabir M. , Khanal G. , Mirzadeh H. R. , Onon Y. , Farhadinia M. S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe continuing debates about trophy hunting should be underpinned by an understanding of at least the basic characteristics of the practice (e.g. species, quotas, areas, prices). Whilst many countries in Asia have established trophy hunting programmes of considerable importance to conservation and local livelihoods, there remains some ambiguity over the extent of trophy hunting in Asia as its basic characteristics in each country have not been compiled. In this study, we compile information on various ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of trophy hunting of mammals for countries across Asia by reviewing published and unpublished literature, analysing trade data, and obtaining contributions from in‐country contacts. Across Asia, established trophy hunting programmes exist in at least 11 countries and target at least 30 species and one hybrid (incl., five Vulnerable and one Endangered species). Trophy hunting in these countries varies markedly in areas (e.g. >1 million km2 in Kazakhstan, 37% of country, vs. 1325 km2 in Nepal, <1% of country) and annual offtakes (e.g. Kazakhstan: 4500 individuals from 4 of 5 trophy species; Pakistan: 229 from 4 of 7; Mongolia: 155 from 6 of 9; Tajikistan: 126 from 3 of 6; Nepal: 22 from 3 of the 4 that are trophy hunted in practice). Permit prices also vary across species and countries, with domestic and international hunters sometimes charged different rates. Hunters from the USA appear overwhelmingly prominent among international clients. National legislations typically mandate a proportion of trophy hunting revenue to accrue locally (range: 40–100%). We provide five key recommendations for research to inform trophy hunting policy in Asia: (1) Ecological impact assessments; (2) Socioeconomic impact assessments; (3) Evaluations of the contributions of trophy hunting to conservation spending; (4) Evaluations of the contributions of trophy hunting to the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework; (5) Further examinations of perceptions of trophy hunting.
Environmental, structural, and taxonomic diversity factors drive aboveground carbon stocks in semi‐deciduous tropical rainforest strata in Cameroon
Authors: Zekeng Jules Christian , van der Sande Masha T. , Fobane Jean Louis , Mphinyane Wanda N. , Sebego Reuben , Ebanga Paul André , Mbolo Marguerite Marie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractForest stratification plays a crucial role in the interception of light and plants' photosynthetic activities. However, there is still a lack of information on the contribution of tropical forest stratification to its functioning, despite the increasing number of studies. Here, we analysed from a perspective of the whole tree community (WTC) and forest strata (i.e., large trees, understory trees, and small stems), the relationship between abiotic, biotic factors and aboveground Carbon (AGC). The abiotic factors‐AGC relationships were positive for all strata and WTC. However, soil factors‐AGC relationship was stronger for small stems and understorey, while topography factor‐AGC relationship was stronger for large trees and WTC. Tree size inequality‐AGC relationship was positive and much stronger for WTC, large trees and small stems. In addition, a species diversity‐AGC relationship was found positive only for large trees and WTC. These results highlight the niche complementarity effect for driving positive relationships of species diversity and individual tree size variation with aboveground biomass at large tree strata and WTC. The lack of positive effect of species diversity on AGC for understorey and small stems strata might be attributable to the selection effect or resource complementarity among species.
Neurovascular hypoxia after mild traumatic brain injury in juvenile mice correlates with heart–brain dysfunctions in adulthood
Authors: Leyba Katherine , Paiyabhroma Nitchawat , Salvas John P. , Damen Frederick W. , Janvier Alicia , Zub Emma , Bernis Corinne , Rouland Richard , Dubois Christophe J. , Badaut Jerome , Richard Sylvain , Marchi Nicola , Goergen Craig J. , Sicard Pierre 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimRetrospective studies suggest that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric patients may lead to an increased risk of cardiac events. However, the exact functional and temporal dynamics and the associations between heart and brain pathophysiological trajectories are not understood.MethodsA single impact to the left somatosensory cortical area of the intact skull was performed on juvenile mice (17 days postnatal). Cerebral 3D photoacoustic imaging was used to measure the oxygen saturation (sO2) in the impacted area 4 h after mTBI followed by 2D and 4D echocardiography at days 7, 30, 90, and 190 post‐impact. At 8 months, we performed a dobutamine stress test to evaluate cardiac function. Lastly, behavioral analyses were conducted 1 year after initial injury.ResultsWe report a rapid and transient decrease in cerebrovascular sO2 and increased hemoglobin in the impacted left brain cortex. Cardiac analyses showed long‐term diastolic dysfunction and a diminished systolic strain response under stress in the mTBI group. At the molecular level, cardiac T‐p38MAPK and troponin I expression was pathologic modified post‐mTBI. We found linear correlations between brain sO2 measured immediately post‐mTBI and long‐term cardiac strain after 8 months. We report that initial cerebrovascular hypoxia and chronic cardiac dysfunction correlated with long‐term behavioral changes hinting at anxiety‐like and memory maladaptation.ConclusionExperimental juvenile mTBI induces time‐dependent cardiac dysfunction that corresponds to the initial neurovascular sO2 dip and is associated with long‐term behavioral modifications. These imaging biomarkers of the heart–brain axis could be applied to improve clinical pediatric mTBI management.
Birth equity on the front lines: Impact of a community‐based doula program in Brooklyn, NY
Authors: Thomas Mary‐Powel , Ammann Gabriela , Onyebeke Chinelo , Gomez Tanya K. , Lobis Samantha , Li Wenhui , Huynh Mary 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed whether participation in Healthy Start Brooklyn's By My Side Birth Support Program—a maternal‐health program providing community‐based doula support during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the early postpartum period—was associated with improved birth outcomes. By My Side takes a strength‐based approach that aligns with the doula principles of respecting the client's autonomy, providing culturally appropriate care without judgment or conditions, and promoting informed decision making.MethodsUsing a matched cohort design, birth certificate records for By My Side participants from 2010 through 2017 (n = 603) were each matched to three controls who also lived in the program area (n = 1809). Controls were matched on maternal age, race/ethnicity, education level, and trimester of prenatal‐care initiation, using the simple random sampling method. The sample was restricted to singleton births. The odds of preterm birth, low birthweight, and cesarean birth were estimated, using conditional logistic regression.ResultsBy My Side participants had lower odds of having a preterm birth (5.6% vs 11.9%, P < .0001) or a low‐birthweight baby (5.8% vs 9.7%, P = .0031) than controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of cesarean delivery.ConclusionParticipation in the By My Side Birth Support Program was associated with lower odds of preterm birth and low birthweight for participants, who were predominantly Black and Hispanic. Investing in doula services is an important way to address birth inequities among higher risk populations such as birthing people of color and those living in poverty. It could also help shape a new vision of the maternal‐health system, placing the needs and well‐being of birthing people at the center.
Influence of buccal bone wall thickness on the peri‐implant hard and soft tissue dimensional changes: A systematic review
Authors: Monje Alberto , Roccuzzo Andrea , Buser Daniel , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe significance on the association between the peri‐implant bucco‐lingual dimension (BLD) at the stage of implant placement and the occurrence of biological and esthetic complications is yet unknown.Material and methodsSystematic screening of electronic sources was carried out to identify clinical and preclinical studies reporting on the baseline BLD and/or buccal bone thickness (BBT) values. A secondary objective was to assess the effect of simultaneous grafting at sites with deficient or no buccal bone wall (BBW) at baseline. The primary outcome variables were BBT, BLD, and buccal vertical bone loss (VBL) at re‐evaluation. Moreover, radiographic, clinical, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 12 clinical and four preclinical studies met the inclusion criteria. Inconsistencies were found in defining the critical BBT across the clinical and preclinical data evaluated. The clinical evidence demonstrated that during healing, dimensional changes occur in the alveolar bone and in the BBW that may compromise the integrity of the peri‐implant bone, leading to VBL and mucosal recession (MR), particularly in scenarios exhibiting a thin BBW. The preclinical evidence validated the fact that implants placed in the presence of a thin BBW, are more prone to exhibit major dimensional changes and VBL. Moreover, the clinical data supported that, in scenarios where dehiscence‐type defects occur and are left for spontaneous healing, greater VBL and MR together with the occurrence of biologic complications are expected. Furthermore, the augmentation of dehiscence‐type defects is associated with hard and soft tissue stability. PROMs were not reported.ConclusionsDimensional changes occur as result of implant placement in healed ridges that may lead to instability of the peri‐implant hard and soft tissues. Sites presenting a thin BBW are more prone to exhibit major changes that may compromise the integrity of the buccal bone and may lead to biologic and esthetic complications.
Site‐specific inhibition of the thalamic reticular nucleus induces distinct modulations in sleep architecture
Authors: Visocky Vladimir , Morris Brian J. , Dunlop John , Brandon Nick , Sakata Shuzo , Pratt Judith A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is crucial for the modulation of sleep‐related oscillations. The caudal and rostral subpopulations of the TRN exert diverse activities, which arise from their interconnectivity with all thalamic nuclei, as well as other brain regions. Despite the recent characterization of the functional and genetic heterogeneity of the TRN, the implications of this heterogeneity for sleep regulation have not been assessed. Here, using a combination of optogenetics and electrophysiology in C57BL/6 mice, we demonstrate that caudal and rostral TRN modulations are associated with changes in cortical alpha and delta oscillations and have distinct effects on sleep stability. Tonic silencing of the rostral TRN elongates sleep episodes, while tonic silencing of the caudal TRN fragments sleep. Overall, we show evidence of distinct roles exerted by the rostral and caudal TRN in sleep regulation and oscillatory activity.
Lost in transitional space? Organising labour market integration for highly skilled refugees in the welfare state
Authors: Diedrich Andreas , Omanović Vedran 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLabour market integration of refugees is seen as a major challenge in many countries. This article draws on a qualitative study focused on highly skilled refugees participating in two internship programmes at two large private companies in Sweden. We draw on the concepts of organisational socialisation and liminality to suggest that such programmes, when organised in collaboration between private companies and public organisations as part of the labour market integration support offered by the welfare state, further entrench the liminal position of refugees. The refugee interns find themselves in a liminal space, aspiring to secure not only a future professional role at the workplace but also the role of an integrated member of the Swedish labour market—a role that is ambiguously defined and constantly shifting as ideas of what it means to be employable shift too. This is a position that is not without its problems, ambiguities and uncertainties and requires a new perspective on organising labour market integration of refugees.
The state of oral health in patients with haemophilia in the Netherlands
Authors: Mulders Greta , van Verseveld Hanneke , van der Geer Joyce , Wolvius Eppo , Leebeek Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies show contradictory outcomes regarding dental, gingival and periodontal status in persons with haemophilia (PWH) compared to healthy controls. PWH may experience disease‐specific barriers to access dental care due to their bleeding tendency, which may lead to delays in oral care and severe dental problems.AimTo determine the current subjective and objective oral health status in adult PWH.MethodsRandomly selected PWH of the Erasmus MC Haemophilia Treatment Center (HTC), Rotterdam, the Netherlands, were invited to participate. Data was collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14NL) and personal interviews. A dentist used the DMFT index, the Dutch Periodontal Screening index (DPSI), plaque and bleeding index to score the dental status.ResultsForty‐eight adult PWH were included in this study, 20 mild, 15 moderate‐severe and 13 severe haemophilia with a mean age of 44.7. PWH scored low on the OHIP‐14 questionnaire (median total score 1.0; IQR .0–3.0), indicating a high self‐rating oral health status. The number of bleeding events, bleeding‐ and plaque index score was not statistically significant between patients with mild, moderate or severe haemophilia. The mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT‐score) was significantly lower in the group of patients with severe haemophilia (median 2.0) compared to mild haemophilia (median 16.0) (p = .04). Twenty‐five patients (52.1%) reported to have encountered bleeding problems during or after dental interventions during their lifetime.ConclusionDutch adult PWH A/B have good dental status and oral health status.
High‐toughness mullite ceramics fabricated by hot‐press sintering of pyrophyllite and AlOOH at low temperatures
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Yazhong , Han Xiaozhao , Yu Jiarui , Xiao Kesong , Zhang Xianlong , Wu Xueping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh‐toughness mullite ceramics were fabricated through hot‐press sintering (HPS) of pyrophyllite and AlOOH, which were wet‐milled and well mixed using a planetary ball mill. The impacts of sintering temperatures and contents of AlOOH on mullite phase formation, densification, microstructure and mechanical properties in ceramic materials were investigated through XRD, SEM and mechanical properties determination. The results indicated that high‐toughness mullite ceramics could be successfully prepared by HPS at temperatures higher than 1200°C for 120 min. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1000 to 1300°C significantly enhanced the flexural strength and fracture toughness of samples. The highest flexural strength of 297.97±25.32 MPa and fracture toughness of 4.64±0.11 MPa⋅m1/2 were obtained for samples sintered at 1300°C. Further increase of temperature to 1400°C resulted in slight decrease of flexural strength and fracture toughness. Compared with the mullite ceramics prepared only using pyrophyllite as raw material, incorporation of AlOOH into raw material significantly increased the mechanical properties of final mullite ceramics. And stoichiometric AlOOH and pyrophyllite as starting material gave the best performance in fracture toughness. The high‐toughness of mullite ceramics were ascribed to the high mullite phase content, fine mullite whiskers and in situ formed, intertwined three‐dimensional network structure obtained through HPS at a low temperature of 1300°C.
Clinical associations of patients with anti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase antibody–associated immune‐mediated necrotising myopathy
Authors: Tan Elina , Knight Jacinta , Khonasti Steffi , Nolan David , McGettigan Benjamin , Bundell Chris , Needham Merrilee , Brusch Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnti–3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) antibodies are associated with a subtype of immune‐mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM).AimsTo determine clinical associations of anti‐HMGCR antibodies for anti‐HMGCR–associated IMNM (HMGCR‐IMNM) among a cohort of patients in Western Australia and to determine whether serial HMGCR antibody levels parallel disease activity.MethodsAdult patients with positive anti‐HMGCR antibodies detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay between January 2015 and November 2019 were included. Symptoms, examination findings, imaging findings and blood test results were reviewed retrospectively using patient records and laboratory database results.ResultsAmong 26 patients with positive anti‐HMGCR antibodies, 23 were diagnosed with HMGCR‐IMNM representing a positive predictive value (PPV) of 88%. Myopathy was frequently severe at diagnosis with limb weakness graded as Medical Research Council score 3 or below in 78% of patients, bulbar muscle weakness in 39% and an average creatine kinase (CK) at diagnosis of 7986 U/L. The majority (83%) required at least two therapies to maintain remission, 48% had at least one flare of disease and 57% did not achieve CK normalisation. Correlation between CK and anti‐HMGCR antibody level at diagnosis was low (r = 0.04). Anti‐HMGCR antibodies fell with treatment in 10 of 12 patients, but remained persistently positive in 83% of patients.ConclusionsThe PPV of anti‐HMGCR antibodies for HMGCR‐IMNM in this Western Australian cohort is 88%. Patients typically present with proximal limb weakness, dysphagia and markedly elevated CK, and, despite multiagent immunosuppression, a significant number of patients have evidence of persistent biochemical myositis. Anti‐HMGCR antibodies did not correlate with CK levels at diagnosis.
Sociodemographic determinants of telehealth utilisation in general practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Sezgin Gorkem , Hardie Rae‐Anne , McGuire Precious , Pearce Christopher , McLeod Adam , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis analysis assessed the sociodemographic characteristics of telehealth utilisation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic from March 2020 to August 2021 in Australia. Drawing on 860 general practice providers among 3 161 868 patients, 24 527 274 consultations were recorded. Telehealth accounted for 37.6% of the consultations, with 2.4% through videoconferencing and 35.2% through phone consultations. Our multivariate regression analyses indicated low utilisation of videoconferencing compared with phone consultations among older adults, those living in rural communities and migrants from non‐English speaking countries.
The diversity of mycorrhiza‐associated fungi and trees shapes subtropical mountain forest ecosystem functioning
Authors: Luo Ya‐Huang , Ma Liang‐Liang , Seibold Sebastian , Cadotte Marc W. , Burgess Kevin S. , Tan Shao‐Lin , Ye Lin‐Jiang , Zheng Wei , Zou Jia‐Yun , Chen Zhi‐Fa , Liu De‐Tuan , Zhu Guang‐Fu , Shi Xiao‐Chun , Zhao Wei , Li De‐Zhu , Liu Jie , Gao Lian‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimMycorrhiza play key roles for ecosystem structure and functioning in forests. However, how different mycorrhizal types influence mountain forest biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are largely unknown. We evaluate how the diversity of distinct mycorrhiza‐associated fungi and trees shapes forest carbon storage along elevational gradients.LocationGaoligong Mountains within Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China.TaxonSeed plants and mycorrhizal fungi.MethodsWe used the data from 31 subtropical forest plots along elevational gradients on two aspects (east and west) of the mountain. We quantified species richness of trees and symbiotic fungi and assigned both to their mycorrhizal type (arbuscular mycorrhiza [AM], ectomycorrhiza [EcM] and ericoid mycorrhiza [ErM]). We then examined the diversity effects of mycorrhiza‐associated fungi and trees on above‐ground carbon stored in trees and organic carbon stored in soils.ResultsSpecies richness was highest for AM trees (79.5%), followed by ErM trees (13.4%) and then EcM trees (7.1%). Species richness of AM‐associated trees and fungi decreased with increasing elevation, while ErM‐associated trees and fungi showed an opposite trend. EcM‐associated diversity followed a hump‐shaped relationship with elevation. Positive relationships between diversity and above‐ground carbon were detected in all three mycorrhizal associations, but despite low species number, canopy‐dominating EcM trees comprised 64.4% of the amount of above‐ground carbon. Furthermore, community‐weighted means of height exhibited positive correlations with forest above‐ground carbon, indicating that positive selection effects occur. Soil organic carbon was positively related to EcM‐associated fungi diversity, above‐ground carbon mass and soil nitrogen availability, with the latter having strongest direct effects.Main ConclusionsThe distributions of forest biodiversity and carbon storage can be modulated by distinct mycorrhizal fungi and trees. Moreover, future global changes (e.g. climate warming, intensifying nitrogen deposition) could alter the mycorrhizal‐mediated BEF relationships in mountain forests.
Transforming growth factor‐β signalling in tumour resistance to the anti‐PD‐(L)1 therapy: Updated
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Majidpoor Jamal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow frequency of durable responses in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demands for taking complementary strategies in order to boost immune responses against cancer. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is a multi‐tasking cytokine that is frequently expressed in tumours and acts as a critical promoter of tumour hallmarks. TGF‐β promotes an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) and defines a bypass mechanism to the ICI therapy. A number of cells within the stroma of tumour are influenced from TGF‐β activity. There is also evidence of a relation between TGF‐β with programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression within TME, and it influences the efficacy of anti‐programmed death‐1 receptor (PD‐1) or anti‐PD‐L1 therapy. Combination of TGF‐β inhibitors with anti‐PD(L)1 has come to the promising outcomes, and clinical trials are under way in order to use agents with bifunctional capacity and fusion proteins for bonding TGF‐β traps with anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies aiming at reinvigorating immune responses and promoting persistent responses against advanced stage cancers, especially tumours with immunologically cold ecosystem.
False hemoglobin A1c value as a result of compound heterozygotes of hemoglobin E and hemoglobin New York
Authors: Li Youqiong , Tang Jianling , Zheng Lihong , Tang Kaijian , Li Lingli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe presence of hemoglobin (Hb) variants might interfere with some glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurements. There have been a few reports of compound Hb variants affecting HbA1c testing. Here, we report a case of the coinheritance of two Hb variants in the β‐globin gene. High‐performance liquid chromatography with the Hb program showed a high HbA2 level. Similarly, an E‐window peak was separated on the high‐performance liquid chromatography with a glycated Hb program. However, capillary electrophoresis showed two abnormal peaks and no HbA peak. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of Hb New York and HbE. This is the first report of a compound heterozygote for HbE and Hb New York. The double heterozygote caused erroneous results for HbA1c on high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzyme assay.