bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐EM structure of orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR21
Authors: Wong Thian‐Sze , Gao Wei , Chen Geng , Qiu Chen , He Guodong , Ye Fang , Wu Zhangsong , Zeng Zicheng , Du Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGPR21 belongs to class A orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). The endogenous ligands for human GPR21 remain unidentified. GPR21 expression is associated with developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a multifactorial metabolic disease caused by pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction, decreasing insulin production, insulin resistance, and obesity. Animal studies suggested that GPR21 is a potential therapeutic target for T2DM treatment. The underlying mechanisms leading to GPR21 self‐activation remain unknown. In our co‐expression analysis, we noted that GPR21 could also form a stable complex with an unreported Gα protein subtype, Gαs. To gain further insights into the structural mechanisms of GPR21 activation, we employed cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and single‐particle analysis to resolve the high‐resolution structure of GPR21‐Gαs complexes. The clear electron density map of the GPR21‐Gαs provided direct evidence that GPR21 could couple to Gαs protein at physiological conditions. Thus, GPR21 might mediate previously unexplored pathways in normal or pathological conditions, which warrants further investigation. Structure‐guided mutagenesis and biochemical analysis revealed that extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of GPR21 is essential for the receptor transducing intracellular signal via cAMP. Together, the new structure data reveal a novel signaling cascade of human GPR21 mediated by ECL2 and provide fundamental information for future structure‐based drug development.
Evaluation of free DIEP flap complications in the setting of previous gynecological operations
Authors: Chang Eric I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAutologous tissue breast reconstruction with free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps is reliable with reproducible results and very few contraindications. However, previous surgery may compromise the abdominal donor site due to injury to the vascular pedicle. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effects of prior abdominal surgery on need for changes to the operative plan, intraoperative complications, and postoperative flap compromise.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of all patients undergoing breast reconstruction with free tissue transfer from the abdomen was performed.ResultsA total of 733 free abdominal flaps were performed in 478 patients during the study period. Two hundred sixty‐two (54.8%) patients had prior abdominal surgery with 24.8% laparoscopic/robotic versus 56.9% open versus 18.3% both, 21.4% general surgery versus 60.7% gynecological versus 17.9% both, and 97.7% elective versus 1.1% emergent versus 1.1% both. There were 15 total flap losses (2.0%) and 2 partial flap losses (0.3%). Intraoperative complications and changes in the operative plan occurred in 13 flaps (1.8%) with 84.6% having prior gynecological surgery (p = .0001).ConclusionsFree DIEP flap breast reconstruction is becoming more commonplace with a low risk of complications. Although DIEP flaps are still possible in the setting of prior abdominal surgery, there is a higher risk of damage to the deep inferior epigastric pedicle in patients who have had emergency Cesarean sections or hysterectomy. Conducting a focused history may prepare the reconstructive microsurgeon to address and to avoid potential intraoperative complications.
Consistency of dose rates after applying machine‐specific reference correction factors for the gamma knife 16 mm collimator field
Authors: Choi Yona , Chun Kook Jin , Kim Eun San , Bahng Jungbae , Yang Hye Jeong , Kim Tae Hoon , Cho Gyu Seok , Choi Sang Hyoun , Seo Young Chan , Chung Hyun‐Tai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe machine‐specific reference (msr) correction factors () were introduced in International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series 483 (TRS‐483) for reference dosimetry of small fields. Several correction factor sets exist for a Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) Perfexion or Icon. Nevertheless, experiments have not rigorously validated the correction factors from different studies.PurposeThis study aimed to assess the role and accuracy of values in determining the absorbed dose rates to water in the reference dosimetry of Gamma Knife.MethodsThe dose rates in the 16 mm collimator field of a GK were determined following the international code of practices with three ionization chambers: PTW T31010, PTW T31016 (PTW Freiberg GmbH, New York, NY), and Exradin A16 (Standard Imaging, Inc., Middleton, WI). A chamber was placed at the center of a solid water phantom (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) using a detector‐specific insert. The reference point of the ionization chamber was confirmed using cone‐beam CT images. Consistency checks were repeated five times at a GK site and performed once at seven GK sites. Correction factors from six simulations reported in previous studies were employed. Variations in the dose rates and relative dose rates before and after applying the were statistically compared.ResultsThe standard deviation of the dose rates measured by the three chambers decreased significantly after any correction method was applied (p = 0.000). When the correction factors of all studies were averaged, the standard deviation was reduced significantly more than when any single correction method was applied (p ≤ 0.030), except for the IAEA TRS‐483 correction factors (p = 0.148). Before any correction was applied, there were statistically significant differences among the relative dose rates measured by the three chambers (p = 0.000). None of the single correction methods could remove the differences among the ionization chambers (p ≤ 0.038). After TRS‐483 correction, the dose rate of Exradin A16 differed from those of the other two chambers (p ≤ 0.025). After the averaged factors were applied, there were no statistically significant differences between any pairs of chambers according to Scheffe's post hoc analyses (p ≥ 0.051); however, PTW T31010 differed from PTW 31016 according to Tukey's HSD analyses (p = 0.040).ConclusionThe significantly reduced variations in the dose rates measured by the three ionization chambers. The mean correction factors of the six simulations produced the most consistent results, but this finding was not explicitly proven in the statistical analyses.
Compensation cycle consistent generative adversarial networks (Comp‐GAN) for synthetic CT generation from MR scans with truncated anatomy
Authors: Zhao Yao , Wang He , Yu Cenji , Court Laurence E. , Wang Xin , Wang Qianxia , Pan Tinsu , Ding Yao , Phan Jack , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMR scans used in radiotherapy can be partially truncated due to the limited field of view (FOV), affecting dose calculation accuracy in MR‐based radiation treatment planning.PurposeWe proposed a novel Compensation‐cycleGAN (Comp‐cycleGAN) by modifying the cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (cycleGAN), to simultaneously create synthetic CT (sCT) images and compensate the missing anatomy from the truncated MR images.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) and T1 MR images with complete anatomy of 79 head‐and‐neck patients were used for this study. The original MR images were manually cropped 10–25 mm off at the posterior head to simulate clinically truncated MR images. Fifteen patients were randomly chosen for testing and the rest of the patients were used for model training and validation. Both the truncated and original MR images were used in the Comp‐cycleGAN training stage, which enables the model to compensate for the missing anatomy by learning the relationship between the truncation and known structures. After the model was trained, sCT images with complete anatomy can be generated by feeding only the truncated MR images into the model. In addition, the external body contours acquired from the CT images with full anatomy could be an optional input for the proposed method to leverage the additional information of the actual body shape for each test patient. The mean absolute error (MAE) of Hounsfield units (HU), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index (SSIM) were calculated between sCT and real CT images to quantify the overall sCT performance. To further evaluate the shape accuracy, we generated the external body contours for sCT and original MR images with full anatomy. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean surface distance (MSD) were calculated between the body contours of sCT and original MR images for the truncation region to assess the anatomy compensation accuracy.ResultsThe average MAE, PSNR, and SSIM calculated over test patients were 93.1 HU/91.3 HU, 26.5 dB/27.4 dB, and 0.94/0.94 for the proposed Comp‐cycleGAN models trained without/with body‐contour information, respectively. These results were comparable with those obtained from the cycleGAN model which is trained and tested on full‐anatomy MR images, indicating the high quality of the sCT generated from truncated MR images by the proposed method. Within the truncated region, the mean DSC and MSD were 0.85/0.89 and 1.3/0.7 mm for the proposed Comp‐cycleGAN models trained without/with body contour information, demonstrating good performance in compensating the truncated anatomy.ConclusionsWe developed a novel Comp‐cycleGAN model that can effectively create sCT with complete anatomy compensation from truncated MR images, which could potentially benefit the MRI‐based treatment planning.
A numerical scheme for the optimal control of groundwater pollution
Authors: Choquet Catherine , Diédhiou Moussa Mory , El Dine Houssein Nasser , Saint‐Jean Christophe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA scheme is proposed for the numerical study of optimal control problems related to groundwater quality management in the case of nonpoint‐source pollution. The corresponding state equation is a system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The approximation is given by a finite volume scheme based on a two‐point flux approximation with upwind mobilities embedded in an iterative fixed point approximation. The analysis of the convergence of the scheme allows to establish existence and uniqueness results under reasonable assumptions. Numerical illustrations of the performance of the algorithm are given in realistic situations.
Numerical convergence and stability analysis for a nonlinear mathematical model of prostate cancer
Authors: Nasresfahani Farzaneh , Eslahchi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main target of this paper is to present an efficient method to solve a nonlinear free boundary mathematical model of prostate tumor. This model consists of two parabolics, one elliptic and one ordinary differential equations that are coupled together and describe the growth of a prostate tumor. We start our discussion by using the front fixing method to fix the free domain. Then, after employing a nonclassical finite difference and the collocation methods on this model, their stability and convergence are proved analytically. Finally, some numerical results are considered to show the efficiency of the mentioned methods.
Aramid reinforced polyimide aerogel composites with high‐mechanical strength for thermal insulation material
Authors: Liu Tuo , Liang Fuwei , Chen Shun , Zhang Ping , Qian Kun , Xu Yang , Guo Wenwen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolyimide (PI) aerogels have attracted extensive attention in the field of building insulation due to their low‐thermal conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and great flame retardancy. However, poor mechanical strength was the main factor which restrict their extensive applications. Herein, we report a simple strategy to prepare thermal insulating aramid/PI aerogel composites with high mechanical strength as well as flame retardancy through mold‐forming and freeze‐drying methods. A series of lightweight aramid felt reinforced PI aerogel composites were prepared by interfacial adhesion between aramid fiber and PI aerogel, and the most striking sample PI‐3 displayed favorable comprehensive performance, including good tensile property (8.88 MPa), bursting performance (299 N), thermal insulation property (0.0341 W/m·K), thermal stability and self‐extinguishing behavior. This strategy can be applied to many types of organic aerogel materials that used in the aspects of insulation and thermal protection in extreme environments.
The formation mechanism and generation conditions of urban residents' public safety behavior
Authors: Cheng Yun , Yin Jie , Huang Paoyu , Ni Yensen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe formation mechanism and generation condition configuration of urban residents' public safety behavior crucial for reducing urban public safety accidents were identified using the structural equation model (SEM) and the fsQCA method to analyze 465 survey samples. The findings showed that organizational safety communication, community safety support, family safety climate, safety consciousness, and safety motivation are driving factors influencing individual safety behavior and that residents' safety behavior is positively influenced by emotional safety culture. Furthermore, nine generational configurations of these antecedent variables are sufficient to explain the emergence of high levels of safety behavior. Because most previous research has focused on the linear effects of single or multiple factors on outcome variables while ignoring “combined effects,” this study employed fsQCA to identify “combined effects” among antecedent factors of safety behavior from multiple perspectives. The results revealed that no single factor, but rather a combination of factors, led to high levels of safety behavior, shedding light on the importance of “combined effects” among variables and providing theoretical and practical insights into urban residents' public safety behavior.
Projected changes in the hotspots for agriculturally relevant compound events in Western Canada cropping regions under the RCP8.5 scenario
Authors: Agyeman Richard Y. K. , Huo Fei , Li Zhenhua , Li Yanping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Canadian Prairies are a major grain production region, producing most of the wheat for export in Canada. Global warming and the associated changes in extreme precipitation and temperature events pose significant risks to agriculture on the Canadian Prairies. Compound hazards can cause higher crop failure than isolated events, especially in the main grain production regions in western Canada. To achieve informed climate risk management, it is critical to characterize the threats posed by compound hazards in current and future climates in western Canada. In this study, return periods of events were computed to assess the potential changes in the hotspots for agriculturally relevant compound events in western Canada using two convection‐permitting climate simulations: current (CTL) climate and future climate under the RCP8.5 scenario based on a pseudo‐global‐warming (PGW) approach. Specifically, our study analyzed agricultural drought, low precipitation, heatwaves, and cool waves related to cool‐season crops. The results showed the overall good performance of the CTL simulation in capturing spatial patterns of these compound events in western Canada. In the current climate, droughts and heatwaves co‐occur mostly in southeastern parts of the prairies. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, they are likely to increase in frequency and expand to cover the major croplands of western Canada. This study provides information that policymakers in the fields of climate change adaptation and agricultural disaster management will find useful.
Adaptive boosting for ordinal target variables using neural networks
Authors: Um Insung , Lee Geonseok , Lee Kichun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoosting has proven its superiority by increasing the diversity of base classifiers, mainly in various classification problems. In reality, target variables in classification often are formed by numerical variables, in possession of ordinal information. However, existing boosting algorithms for classification are unable to reflect such ordinal target variables, resulting in non‐optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of ordinal encoding adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) using a multi‐dimensional encoding scheme for ordinal target variables. Extending an original binary‐class AdaBoost, the proposed algorithm is equipped with a multi‐class exponential loss function. We show that it achieves the Bayes classifier and establishes forward stagewise additive modeling. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm with a base learner as a neural network. Our experiments show that it outperforms existing boosting algorithms in various ordinal datasets.
The path to sustainable environment: Do environmental taxes and governance matter?
Authors: Liu Haiying , Zafar Muhammad Wasif , Sinha Avik , Khan Irfan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA poor environment, in turn, hurts the growth and well‐being of the economy. This is because it reduces the quantity and quality of available resources or compromises health. Undoubtedly, economic growth and environmental degradation are closely linked. Hence, environmental taxes are introduced by countries to decrease environmental degradation caused by economic progress. This study checks the impact of environmental tax, governance, and energy prices on environmental quality in the context of organization for economic co‐operation and development countries using data from 1996 to 2019. By utilizing a host of second‐generation econometric methods, the study has empirically analyzed the impact of environmental tax and governance on environmental quality while considering the possible income and energy prices effect to avoid omitted variable bias. The long‐run results indicate that environmental tax and governance increase environmental quality. The empirical results of this study are also used to suggest policy implications for these countries.
Trajectories of burnout and psychological well‐being among psychotherapists during the Covid‐19 pandemic: Results of a 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Van Hoy Angelika , Rzeszutek Marcin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to investigate the trajectories of the changes in burnout and subjective well‐being (SWB) among psychotherapists in relation to social support, self‐efficacy, sociodemographic, and work‐related factors, with additional control for the subjectively experienced Covid‐19 related distress. This study was carried out over a 1‐year period during the critical time of the Covid‐19 pandemic. We reached 226 Polish psychotherapists, of which 207 psychotherapists (91.6%) participated in all three measurements. The participants completed the following measurements: the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the General Self‐Efficacy Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, work‐related factors and Covid‐19 related distress. Several trajectories were observed for both burnout and SWB, which were differently associated with the level of social support, self‐efficacy, and sociodemographic and work‐related factors. We did not find a significant relationship between Covid‐19 related distress and the inclusion of either burnout or SWB trajectories. This study calls for greater interest in the psychological health of psychotherapists. More specifically, our findings may entail some implications for the practice of psychotherapy by creating customized intervention programs to reduce burnout and enhance well‐being in this specific occupation.
Airborne transmission of SARS‐Cov2: What consequences for digestive endoscopy?
Authors: Chaussade Stanislas , Pellat Anna , Chamseddine Ali , Corre Felix , Coriat Romain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe SARS‐Cov‐2 disease disrupted essential hospital procedures, such as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, due to concerns about air transmission and the risk of exposing health care workers. With the spread of the pandemic, air transmission was considered as the main source of SARS‐Cov2 transmission. This raised the problem of transmission by aerosolization of viral particles in operating rooms as well as endoscopy units. This is in line with the known airborne transmission of many other respiratory viruses. The risk of SARS‐Cov‐2 transmission during GI endoscopy was initially reduced by controlled measures, involving personal protections (mask…), restricted access to endoscopy rooms, and detection of infected patients. Gastrointestinal endoscopy generates aerosols, which may carry viruses. In addition, the endoscopy system may facilitate the diffusion of virus particles or fomites considering the forced‐air cooling system used to maintain a stable temperature inside the box (25°C). The volume of air that goes through the light source box is high (240–300 m3 for a 1‐h period). Moreover, the light system contains an air pump to inflate air inside the gut lumen. In order to isolate people from hazard, different levels of protection and solutions to avoid airborne transmission of microorganisms should be proposed, such as the reinforcement of personal protective equipment, the change in the way people work and engineering control of the risk.
Synthesis and Characterization of Multinary Selenides A4B10Se19 (A=Sn, Pb; B=Sb, Bi)
Authors: Chen Guan‐Ruei , Shih Mei‐Ting , Chen Kuei‐Bo , Lee Chi‐Shen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultinary selenides A4B10Se19 (A=Sn/Pb; B=Sb/Bi), including Sn4Bi10Se19, Pb4Sb6.71Bi3.29Se19, and Pb4Sb3.43Bi6.57Se19, were prepared by solid‐state reactions. These compounds adopt the Felbertalite structure type that crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/m (No. 12). Single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction measurements studied the crystal structure and site preference of metal sites. They exhibit stacking of stepped layers
(NaCl111‐type) and ribbon‐shape
(NaCl100‐type) units that are connected via shared Se2− ions. Electronic structure calculations indicated semiconducting properties and were verified by temperature‐dependent conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements. The thermoelectric properties show a maximum power factor of 1.06 μW ⋅ m−1 ⋅ K−2 at 550 K for Pb4Sb6Bi4Se19.
Celestial locality and the Jacobi identity
Authors: Ball Adam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We show the equivalence of several different tests of the Jacobi identity for celestial currents at tree level, in particular finding a simple, practical condition on hard momentum space 4-point amplitudes in any EFT. Along the way we clarify the role of the order of soft and collinear limits in obstructing the Jacobi identity for soft insertions and we argue that, despite their current-algebra-like properties, soft insertions as formulated in this paper cannot be interpreted as local operators in celestial conformal field theory.
Anspruch und Wert von interdisziplinärer Kommunikation und Konsiliarbefundung
Authors: Sigl Benjamin , Schreyer Andreas G. , Henkel Markus , Herold Christian 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungInterdisziplinäre Kommunikation und Konsiliarbefundungen nehmen einen relevanten Anteil der radiologischen Tätigkeit ein. Sie sind essenziell für eine qualitativ hochwertige und flächendeckende medizinische Versorgung. Es gibt verschiedene Modalitäten der interdisziplinären Kommunikation mit je eigenen Vor- und Nachteilen. Dieser Artikel informiert über infrastrukturelle und personelle Anforderungen sowie wichtige medikolegale Aspekte von Zweitbefundungen und interdisziplinären Boards. Zudem wird die eklatante Diskrepanz zwischen dem damit verbundenen Aufwand für ein Institut und der unzureichenden Abbildung in den Abrechnungssystemen offenbart.