bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketed tax avoidance: an economic analysis∗
Authors: Li Jiao , Gamannossi degl'Innocenti Duccio , Rablen Matthew D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the growth of mass‐marketed tax avoidance schemes aimed at the middle (not top) of the income distribution, with significant implications for tax revenue. We examine the consequences for the structure of income tax, and for tax authority anti‐avoidance efforts, of tax avoidance of this type. In a model that allows for both demand‐ and supply‐side considerations, we find that: there is an endogenous threshold income below which taxpayers do not avoid, and above which they avoid maximally; the per‐dollar price of tax avoidance is decreasing in income under progressive taxation; endogenous adjustments in the price of avoidance make supply less responsive to anti‐avoidance activity than thought previously; and avoidance may drive a non‐monotone relationship between tax rates and tax revenue. These findings suggest that new approaches to anti‐avoidance, beyond legal enforcement, might be needed.
Cognitive assessment of literacy learning difficulties in adult non‐ or low‐literate second language learners
Authors: Nielsen T. Rune , Vinnner Pernille 
Published: February 2023

The population of non‐ or low‐literate adult immigrants studying a new language is large and growing in many countries. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a new instrument for the assessment of cognitive impairment that may hinder literacy learning in adult non‐ or low‐literate L2 learners, the Cognitive Assessment of Literacy Learning Difficulties (CALL), in a language center setting. This was a case–control study in which the CALL was validated in adult non‐ or low‐literate students, or students who were not literate in the Latin alphabet, in nine Danish language centers. Educator classification of students with very slow progression in learning basic Danish literacy was used as a benchmark for literacy learning difficulties. Classification was further based on the number of lessons participants had required to pass tests during Danish language program levels. An acceptable discriminative validity (AUC 0.76; specificity 0.94, sensitivity 0.64) for literacy learning difficulties (n = 32) versus schooling and sex matched control participants (n = 28) was found. In comparison, years of formal schooling had an AUC of 0.58. Age had a small effect on the ability of the CALL to predict literacy learning difficulties (OR = 1.097, p = 0.013), whereas sex and years of schooling did not. CALL was found to be a valid instrument for identification of cognitive impairment that may hinder literacy learning in adult non‐ or low‐literate L2 learners in a Danish language center setting.
“11 for Health” in the Faroe Islands: Popularity in schoolchildren aged 10–12 and the effect on well‐being and health knowledge
Authors: Skoradal May‐Britt , Olsen Maria Hammer , Madsen Mads , Larsen Malte Nejst , Mohr Magni , Krustrup Peter 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the popularity of the “11 for Health program for Europe” for 10–12‐year‐old Faroese children and the effects on well‐being and health knowledge.MethodsWe applied a cluster‐randomized controlled trial, including a total of 19 school clusters, randomized into intervention schools (IG, n = 12) and control schools (CG, n = 7). A total of 261 children (137 boys and 124 girls) participated. IG completed the 11‐week program, consisting of 2 × 45 min weekly sessions with football drills, small‐sided games, and health education. CG continued their regular education. Pre‐ and post‐intervention, the participants completed a shortened version of the multidimensional well‐being questionnaire KIDSCREEN‐27 and a 34‐item multiple‐choice health knowledge questionnaire.ResultsBetween‐group differences (p < 0.05) were observed in change scores for physical well‐being and overall peers and social support in favor of IG compared with CG, as well as for physical well‐being in IG girls compared with CG girls. Between‐group differences in change score for overall health knowledge (11.8%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.82) were observed in favor of IG, as well as for playing football (8.9%, p = 0.039, ES: 0.24), be active (8.1%, p = 0.017, ES: 0.32), control your weight (18.5%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.52), wash your hands (19.5%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.59), eat a balanced diet (19.3%, p < 0.001, ES: 0.64), get fit (12.1%, p = 0.007, ES: 0.34), and think positive (5.5%, p = 0.039, ES: 0.22). The program was reported as enjoyable with equal moderate‐to‐high scores for girls (3.68 ± 1.23; ±SD) and boys (3.84 ± 1.17) on a 1–5 Likert Scale.ConclusionThe “11 for Health program for Europe” improved physical well‐being, peers, and social support and broad‐spectrum health knowledge in 10–12‐year‐old Faroese schoolchildren and was rated popular.
Multiple recurrence and convergence without commutativity
Authors: Frantzikinakis Nikos , Host Bernard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe establish multiple recurrence and convergence results for pairs of zero entropy measure preserving transformations that do not satisfy any commutativity assumptions. Our results cover the case where the iterates of the two transformations are and , respectively, where , and the case remains an open problem. Our starting point is based on the observation that Furstenberg systems of sequences of the form have very special structural properties when . We use these properties and some disjointness arguments in order to get characteristic factors with nilpotent structure for the corresponding ergodic averages, and then finish the proof using some equidistribution results on nilmanifolds.
Extremal values of semi‐regular continuants and codings of interval exchange transformations
Authors: De Luca Alessandro , Edson Marcia , Zamboni Luca Q. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven a set consisting of positive integers and a k‐term partition , find the extremal denominators of the regular and semi‐regular continued fraction with partial quotients and where each occurs precisely times in the sequence . In 1983, G. Ramharter gave an explicit description of the extremal arrangements of the regular continued fraction and the minimizing arrangement for the semi‐regular continued fraction and showed that in each case the arrangement is unique up to reversal and independent of the actual values of the positive integers . However, an explicit determination of a maximizing arrangement for the semi‐regular continuant turned out to be substantially more difficult. Ramharter conjectured that as in the other three cases, the maximizing arrangement is unique (up to reversal) and depends only on the partition P and not on the actual values of the . He further verified the conjecture in the special case of a binary alphabet. In this paper, we confirm Ramharter's conjecture for sets with and give an algorithmic procedure for constructing the unique maximizing arrangement. We also show that Ramharter's conjecture fails for sets with in that the maximizing arrangement is in general neither unique nor independent of the values of the digits in . The central idea is that the extremal arrangements satisfy a strong combinatorial condition. This combinatorial condition may also be stated more or less verbatum in the context of infinite sequences on an ordered set. We show that in the context of bi‐infinite binary words, this condition coincides with the Markoff property, discovered by A. A. Markoff in 1879 in his study of minima of binary quadratic forms. We further show that this same combinatorial condition is the fundamental property which describes the orbit structure of the natural codings of points under a symmetric k‐interval exchange transformation.
On Borsuk–Ulam theorems and convex sets
Authors: Crabb M. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Intermediate Value Theorem is used to give an elementary proof of a Borsuk–Ulam theorem of Adams, Bush and Frick [1] that if is a continuous function on the unit circle S1 in such that for all , then there is a finite subset X of S1 of diameter at most (in the standard metric in which the circle has circumference of length 2π) such the convex hull of contains .
The distribution of geodesics on the cube surface
Authors: Yang Yuxuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe establish a Kronecker–Weyl type result, on time‐quantitative equidistribution for a natural non‐integrable system, geodesic flow on the cube surface. Our tool is the shortline‐ancestor method developed in Beck, Donders, and Yang [Acta Math. Hungar. 161 (2020), 66–184] and Beck, Donders, and Yang [Acta Math. Hungar. 162 (2020), 220–324], modified in an appropriate way to embrace all slopes. The method is further enhanced by the symmetry of the cube through the use of the irreducible representations of the symmetric group S4 which makes the determination of the irregularity exponent substantially simpler.
A Reduced-Order Wiener Path Integral Formalism for Determining the Stochastic Response of Nonlinear Systems With Fractional Derivative Elements
Authors: Mavromatis Ilias G. , Kougioumtzoglou Ioannis A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA technique based on the Wiener path integral (WPI) is developed for determining the stochastic response of diverse nonlinear systems with fractional derivative elements. Specifically, a reduced-order WPI formulation is proposed, which can be construed as an approximation-free dimension reduction approach that renders the associated computational cost independent of the total number of stochastic dimensions of the problem. In fact, the herein developed technique can determine, directly, any lower-dimensional joint response probability density function corresponding to a subset only of the response vector components. This is done by utilizing an appropriate combination of fixed and free boundary conditions in the related variational, functional minimization, problem. Notably, the reduced-order WPI formulation is particularly advantageous for problems where the interest lies in few only specific degrees-of-freedom whose stochastic response is critical for the design and optimization of the overall system. An indicative numerical example is considered pertaining to a stochastically excited tuned mass-damper-inerter nonlinear system with a fractional derivative element. Comparisons with relevant Monte Carlo simulation data demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the technique.
Neutrino mixing and leptogenesis in a $$L_e-L_\mu -L_\tau $$ model
Authors: Arcadi Giorgio , Marciano Simone , Meloni Davide 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a simple extension of the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos in a SUSY framework, with an additional $$\hbox {U}(1)_\text {F}$$

U

(
1
)

F

abelian flavor symmetry with a non standard leptonic charge $$L_e-L_\mu -L_\tau $$

L
e

-

L
μ

-

L
τ

for lepton doublets and arbitrary right-handed charges. Our model predicts an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy and it is able to reproduce the experimental values of the mixing angles of the PMNS matrix and of the $$r=\Delta m_\text {sun}^2/\Delta m_\text {atm}^2$$

r
=
Δ

m
sun
2

/
Δ

m
atm
2

ratio, with only a moderate fine tuning of the Lagrangian free parameters. The baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated via thermal leptogenesis through CP-violating decays of the heavy right-handed neutrinos. We present a detailed numerical solution of the relevant Boltzmann equation, accounting for the impact of the distribution of the asymmetry in the various lepton flavors.
Cosmological model-independent constraints on the baryon fraction in the IGM from fast radio bursts and supernovae data
Authors: Lemos Thais , Gonçalves Rodrigo S. , Carvalho Joel C. , Alcaniz Jailson S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients with an observed dispersion measure (DM) greater than the expected Milky Way contribution, which suggests that such events are of extragalactic origin. Although some models have been proposed to explain the physics of the pulse, the mechanism behind the FRBs emission is still unknown. From FRBs data with known host galaxies, the redshift is directly measured and can be combined with estimates of the DM to constrain the cosmological parameters, such as the baryon number density and the Hubble constant. However, the poor knowledge of the fraction of baryonic mass in the intergalactic medium ($$f_{IGM}$$

f

IGM

) and its degeneracy with the cosmological parameters impose limits on the cosmological application of FRBs. In this work we present a cosmological model-independent method to determine the evolution of $$f_{IGM}$$

f

IGM

combining the latest FRBs observations with localized host galaxy and current supernovae data. We consider constant and time-dependent $$f_{IGM}$$

f

IGM

parameterizations and show, through a Bayesian model selection analysis, that a conclusive answer about the time-evolution of $$f_{IGM}$$

f

IGM

depend strongly on the DM fluctuations due to the spatial variation in cosmic electron density ($$\delta $$
δ
). In particular, our analysis show that the evidence varies from strong (in favor of a growing evolution of $$f_{IGM}$$

f

IGM

with redshift) to inconclusive, as larger values of $$\delta $$
δ
are considered.
Rapid, Digital Dietary Assessment in Association with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
Authors: Dansinger Michael L. , Breton Gary L. , Joly Justin E. , Rhee Lauren Q. , Katz David L. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose To examine the associations between dietary intake as assessed by a rapid, image-based digital tool and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health. Design Retrospective analysis of adults with blood biomarkers performed by Boston Heart Diagnostics (BHD) between December 2020 and March 2022. Setting Outpatient centers serviced by BHD. Subjects 546 adults, excluding those taking relevant medications and/or supplements known to affect blood test results. Measures Laboratory assays of blood specimens were performed by Boston Heart Diagnostics. Nutrient intake and diet quality data were obtained using Diet Quality Photo Navigation (DQPN®; US Patent #11,328,810 B2) technique via Diet ID™ tool. Analysis Pearson correlation coefficients (for continuous variables) and Spearman coefficients (for ordinal variables) were used to evaluate associations between nutrient intake data and laboratory data for the full study sample. Two-sided P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Results Both continuous and ordinal measures of diet quality correlated significantly with HDL-C and triglycerides (n = 485; P < .0 01); with hs-CRP (n = 441; P < .001); with HgbA1c (n = 345; P < .01); with fasting insulin (n = 372; P < .001); and with HOMA-IR (n = 319; P < .001). Conclusion Findings affirm that rapid, digital diet quality and composition assessment by pattern recognition rather than recall tracks significantly with key biomarkers of cardiometabolic health.
Quality improvement through audit: Zuclopenthixol acetate prescribing, monitoring and patient outcomes in a regional health service
Authors: Vellar Kane , Khalid Usman , Coleman Mathew 
Published: February 2023

Objective Prescribers’ expectations of Zuclopethixol Acetate’s (ZA) efficacy and tolerability are shaped by clinical experience and organisational culture; however, these expectations may not be consistent with current evidence and best practice. Methods Quality improvement project (QIP) through a process audit of ZA prescribing, monitoring and patient outcomes (adverse events) in order to identify issues requiring intervention to align with service standards and practices. Results QIP interventions resulted in a statistically significant shift in psychiatrist oversight, identifying high dose ZA with adverse outcomes and cessation of prescribing/administration within the Emergency Department. Clinically significant changes in patterns of prescribing were observed between pre-post intervention audits. Conclusion Entrenching an evidence-based QIP approach to clinical practice can effect clinically significant patterns of practice change to improve safe prescribing and drug monitoring.
Using social network analysis approach in developing rural psychiatrist workforce
Authors: Shiikha Yulia , Kruger Estie , Coleman Mathew 
Published: February 2023

Objective This study examines how rural and remote junior doctors career decisions are influenced by highly connected principles within a discipline. Methods Social network analysis was completed with data collected, by structured interview, with five psychiatry trainees and three early career psychiatrists in a rural location rated MM3 using the Modified Monash Model. UNICET software was used to determine the interactions between individual networks to look for overlap and common influencers. Results A single central, highly connected, psychiatrist was found at the core of the entire social network. This connector was instrumental in recruitment and retention in rural psychiatry workforce. Conclusion Improving the understanding of human capital can encourage innovative solutions in developing sustainable strategies for recruiting and retaining rural psychiatry workforces.
Use of Methadone Versus Oxycodone to Facilitate Weaning of Parenteral Opioids in Critically Ill Adult Patients
Authors: Azimi Hanna A. , Keats Kelli R. , Sulejmani Essilvo , Ortiz Kristina , Waller Jennifer , Wayne Nathan 
Published: February 2023

Background: No previous literature has compared methadone with oxycodone for intravenous (IV) opioid weaning. Objective: To determine if a weaning strategy using enteral methadone or oxycodone results in faster time to IV opioid discontinuation. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort medical record review of mechanically ventilated adults in an intensive care unit (ICU) who received a continuous IV infusion of fentanyl or hydromorphone for ≥72 hours and an enteral weaning strategy using either methadone or oxycodone from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2021. Differences between groups were controlled for using Cox proportional hazards models. The primary outcome was time to continuous IV opioid discontinuation from the initiation of enteral opioids. Secondary outcomes included the primary endpoint stratified for COVID-19, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and safety measures. Results: Ninety-three patients were included, with 36 (38.7%) patients receiving methadone and 57 (61.3%) receiving oxycodone. Patients weaned using methadone received IV opioids significantly longer before the start of weaning ( P = 0.04). However, those on methadone had a significantly faster time to discontinuation of IV opioids than those on oxycodone, mean (standard deviation) 104.7 (79.4) versus 158.3 hours (171.2), P = 0.04, and, at any time, were 1.89 times as likely to be weaned from IV opioids (hazard ratio, HR 1.89, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.16-3.07, P = 0.01). Conclusion and Relevance: This was the first study showing enteral methadone was associated with a shorter duration of IV opioids without differences in secondary outcomes compared with oxycodone. Prospective research is necessary to confirm this finding.
The combined effect of temperature and seawater on the compression properties of carbon fiber vinyl ester composites for sandwich structures
Authors: Chawla Vivek , Penumadu Dayakar 
Published: February 2023

For naval applications, composite sandwich structures are of significant interest, and are often manufactured using thin (2 to 4 mm) composite facings made from carbon or glass fiber reinforcement, attached to a thick (25 to 50 mm) section of PVC cellular foam or balsa wood-based core materials using a suitable polymeric resin. In the present study, we focus on the hygrothermal effect on the fiber-dominated compression properties of carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin based polymeric composite (CF/VE), used as “skin” for a polymeric composite sandwich material. Hygrothermal conditioning is achieved by saturating samples in simulated seawater at 40°C. Compression properties are evaluated for coupons extracted along warp and fill undergoing- no conditioning, conditioning till saturation (up to 6 months), and long-term conditioning (2 years). Sea-water saturation yields in up to 12% drop in compression strength with a further 3–4% drop resulting from long-term conditioning. No statistically significant modulus degradation is noticed due to short or long-term hygrothermal exposure. The failure mechanism of the warp extracted coupon, which fails in a splitting failure mode originating due to the delamination between the 0/90 interface, or the fill extracted coupon, which fails due to the instability caused by tow micro-buckling, remains unchanged due to combined exposure (short or long-term) of seawater and temperature. The loss in strength is attributed to the degradation of the fiber-matrix interface, which is validated via conducting single fiber push-in tests with a nominal diameter of 7 micron for conditioned and unconditioned coupons.
Surgical planning of arteriovenous fistulae in routine clinical practice: A machine learning predictive tool
Authors: Doneda Martina , Poloni Sofia , Bozzetto Michela , Remuzzi Andrea , Lanzarone Ettore 
Published: February 2023

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis, but it is associated with high non-maturation and failure rates. Predicting patient-specific AVF maturation and postoperative changes in blood flow volumes (BFVs) and vessel diameters is of fundamental importance to support the choice of optimal AVF location and improve VA survival. The goal of this study was to employ machine learning (ML) in order to give physicians a fast and easy-to-use tool that provides accurate patient-specific predictions, useful to make AVF surgical planning decisions. Methods: We applied a set of ML approaches on a dataset of 156 patients. Both parametric and non-parametric ML approaches, taking preoperative data as input, were exploited to predict maturation, postoperative BFVs, and diameters. The best approach associated with lowest cross-validation errors between predictions and real measurements was then chosen to provide estimates and quantify prediction errors. Results: The k-NN was the best approach to predict brachial BFV, AVF maturation, and other VA variables, and it was also associated with the least computational effort. With this approach, the confusion matrices proved the high accuracy of the prediction for AVF maturation (96.8%) and the low absolute error distribution for the continuous BFV and diameter variables. Conclusions: Our data-based approach provided accurate patient-specific predictions for different AVF configurations, requiring short computational time as compared to a physical model we previously developed. By supporting VA surgical planning, this fast computing approach could allow AVF surgical planning and help reducing the rate of non-maturation, which might ultimately have a broad impact on the management of hemodialysis patients.