bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembloid CRISPR screens reveal impact of disease genes in human neurodevelopment
Authors: Meng Xiangling , Yao David , Imaizumi Kent , Chen Xiaoyu , Kelley Kevin W. , Reis Noah , Thete Mayuri Vijay , Arjun McKinney Arpana , Kulkarni Shravanti , Panagiotakos Georgia , Bassik Michael C. , Pașca Sergiu P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe assembly of cortical circuits involves the generation and migration of interneurons from the ventral to the dorsal forebrain1–3, which has been challenging to study at inaccessible stages of late gestation and early postnatal human development4. Autism spectrum disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have been associated with abnormal cortical interneuron development5, but which of these NDD genes affect interneuron generation and migration, and how they mediate these effects remains unknown. We previously developed a platform to study interneuron development and migration in subpallial organoids and forebrain assembloids6. Here we integrate assembloids with CRISPR screening to investigate the involvement of 425 NDD genes in human interneuron development. The first screen aimed at interneuron generation revealed 13 candidate genes, including CSDE1 and SMAD4. We subsequently conducted an interneuron migration screen in more than 1,000 forebrain assembloids that identified 33 candidate genes, including cytoskeleton-related genes and the endoplasmic reticulum-related gene LNPK. We discovered that, during interneuron migration, the endoplasmic reticulum is displaced along the leading neuronal branch before nuclear translocation. LNPK deletion interfered with this endoplasmic reticulum displacement and resulted in abnormal migration. These results highlight the power of this CRISPR-assembloid platform to systematically map NDD genes onto human development and reveal disease mechanisms.
Uniquely preserved gut contents illuminate trilobite palaeophysiology
Authors: Kraft Petr , Vaškaninová Valéria , Mergl Michal , Budil Petr , Fatka Oldřich , Ahlberg Per E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTrilobites are among the most iconic of fossils and formed a prominent component of marine ecosystems during most of their 270-million-year-long history from the early Cambrian period to the end Permian period1. More than 20,000 species have been described to date, with presumed lifestyles ranging from infaunal burrowing to a planktonic life in the water column2. Inferred trophic roles range from detritivores to predators, but all are based on indirect evidence such as body and gut morphology, modes of preservation and attributed feeding traces; no trilobite specimen with internal gut contents has been described3,4. Here we present the complete and fully itemized gut contents of an Ordovician trilobite, Bohemolichas incola, preserved three-dimensionally in a siliceous nodule and visualized by synchrotron microtomography. The tightly packed, almost continuous gut fill comprises partly fragmented calcareous shells indicating high feeding intensity. The lack of dissolution of the shells implies a neutral or alkaline environment along the entire length of the intestine supporting digestive enzymes comparable to those in modern crustaceans or chelicerates. Scavengers burrowing into the trilobite carcase targeted soft tissues below the glabella but avoided the gut, suggesting noxious conditions and possibly ongoing enzymatic activity.
Development of a novel genetic sexing strain of Ceratitis capitata based on an X-autosome translocation
Authors: Cáceres Carlos , Bourtzis Kostas , Gouvi Georgia , Vreysen Marc J. B. , Bimbilé Somda Nanwintoum Séverin , Hejníčková Martina , Marec František , Meza José S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenetic sexing strains (GSS), such as the Ceratitiscapitata (medfly) VIENNA 8 strain, facilitate male-only releases and improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of sterile insect technique (SIT) applications. Laboratory domestication may reduce their genetic diversity and mating behaviour and hence, refreshment with wild genetic material is frequently needed. As wild males do not carry the T(Y;A) translocation, and wild females do not easily conform to artificial oviposition, the genetic refreshment of this GSS is a challenging and time-consuming process. In the present study, we report the development of a novel medfly GSS, which is based on a viable homozygous T(XX;AA) translocation using the same selectable markers, the whitepupae and temperature-sensitivelethal genes. This allows the enmasse cross of T(XX;AA) females with wild males, and the backcrossing of F1 males with the T(XX;AA) females thus facilitating the re-establishment of the GSS as well as its genetic refreshment. The rearing efficiency and mating competitiveness of the novel GSS are similar to those of the T(Y;A)-based VIENNA 8 GSS. However, its advantage to easily allow the genetic refreshment is of great importance as it can ensure the mass production of high-quality males and enhanced efficacy of operational SIT programs.
Dynamical entropic measure of nonclassicality of phase-dependent family of Schrödinger cat states
Authors: Kalka M. , Spisak B. J. , Woźniak D. , Wołoszyn M. , Kołaczek D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe phase-space approach based on the Wigner distribution function is used to study the quantum dynamics of the three families of the Schrödinger cat states identified as the even, odd, and Yurke–Stoler states. The considered states are formed by the superposition of two Gaussian wave packets localized on opposite sides of a smooth barrier in a dispersive medium and moving towards each other. The process generated by this dynamics is analyzed regarding the influence of the barrier parameters on the nonclassical properties of these states in the phase space below and above the barrier regime. The performed analysis employs entropic measure resulting from the Wigner–Rényi entropy for the fixed Rényi index. The universal relation of this entropy for the Rényi index equal one half with the nonclassicality parameter understood as a measure of the negative part of the Wigner distribution function is proved. This relation is confirmed in the series of numerical simulations for the considered states. Furthermore, the obtained results allowed the determination of the lower bound of the Wigner–Rényi entropy for the Rényi index greater than or equal to one half.
Computer-aided diagnosis for screening of lower extremity lymphedema in pelvic computed tomography images using deep learning
Authors: Nomura Yukihiro , Hoshiyama Masato , Akita Shinsuke , Naganishi Hiroki , Zenbutsu Satoki , Matsuoka Ayumu , Ohnishi Takashi , Haneishi Hideaki , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLower extremity lymphedema (LEL) is a common complication after gynecological cancer treatment, which significantly reduces the quality of life. While early diagnosis and intervention can prevent severe complications, there is currently no consensus on the optimal screening strategy for postoperative LEL. In this study, we developed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software for LEL screening in pelvic computed tomography (CT) images using deep learning. A total of 431 pelvic CT scans from 154 gynecological cancer patients were used for this study. We employed ResNet-18, ResNet-34, and ResNet-50 models as the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. The input image for the CNN model used a single CT image at the greater trochanter level. Fat-enhanced images were created and used as input to improve classification performance. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate our method. The ResNet-34 model with fat-enhanced images achieved the highest area under the curve of 0.967 and an accuracy of 92.9%. Our CAD software enables LEL diagnosis from a single CT image, demonstrating the feasibility of LEL screening only on CT images after gynecologic cancer treatment. To increase the usefulness of our CAD software, we plan to validate it using external datasets.
Correlations between iodine uptake, invasive CT features and pleural invasion in adenocarcinomas with pleural contact
Authors: Chen Yingdong , Huang Qianwen , Zhong Hua , Li Anqi , Lin Zeyang , Guo Xiaoxi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPleural contact in lung cancers does not always imply pleural invasion (PI). This study was designed to determine whether specific invasive CT characteristics or iodine uptake can aid in the prediction of PI. The sample population comprised patients with resected solid lung adenocarcinomas between April 2019 and May 2022. All participants underwent a contrast enhanced spectral CT scan. Two proficient radiologists independently evaluated the CT features and iodine uptake. Logistic regression analyses were employed to identify predictors for PI, via CT features and iodine uptake. To validate the improved diagnostic efficiency, accuracy analysis and ROC curves were subsequently used. A two-tailed P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We enrolled 97 consecutive patients (mean age, 61.8 years ± 10; 48 females) in our study. The binomial logistic regression model revealed that a contact length > 10 mm (OR 4.80, 95% CI 1.92, 11.99, p = 0.001), and spiculation sign (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.08, 6.79, p = 0.033) were independent predictors of PI, while iodine uptake was not. Enhanced sensitivity (90%) and a greater area under the curve (0.73) were achieved by integrating the two aforementioned CT features in predicting PI. We concluded that the combination of contact length > 10 mm and spiculation sign can enhance the diagnostic performance of PI.
Systematic review of deep learning image analyses for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin disease
Authors: Choy Shern Ping , Kim Byung Jin , Paolino Alexandra , Tan Wei Ren , Lim Sarah Man Lin , Seo Jessica , Tan Sze Ping , Francis Luc , Tsakok Teresa , Simpson Michael , Barker Jonathan N. W. N. , Lynch Magnus D. , Corbett Mark S. , Smith Catherine H. , Mahil Satveer K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSkin diseases affect one-third of the global population, posing a major healthcare burden. Deep learning may optimise healthcare workflows through processing skin images via neural networks to make predictions. A focus of deep learning research is skin lesion triage to detect cancer, but this may not translate to the wider scope of >2000 other skin diseases. We searched for studies applying deep learning to skin images, excluding benign/malignant lesions (1/1/2000-23/6/2022, PROSPERO CRD42022309935). The primary outcome was accuracy of deep learning algorithms in disease diagnosis or severity assessment. We modified QUADAS-2 for quality assessment. Of 13,857 references identified, 64 were included. The most studied diseases were acne, psoriasis, eczema, rosacea, vitiligo, urticaria. Deep learning algorithms had high specificity and variable sensitivity in diagnosing these conditions. Accuracy of algorithms in diagnosing acne (median 94%, IQR 86–98; n = 11), rosacea (94%, 90–97; n = 4), eczema (93%, 90–99; n = 9) and psoriasis (89%, 78–92; n = 8) was high. Accuracy for grading severity was highest for psoriasis (range 93–100%, n = 2), eczema (88%, n = 1), and acne (67–86%, n = 4). However, 59 (92%) studies had high risk-of-bias judgements and 62 (97%) had high-level applicability concerns. Only 12 (19%) reported participant ethnicity/skin type. Twenty-four (37.5%) evaluated the algorithm in an independent dataset, clinical setting or prospectively. These data indicate potential of deep learning image analysis in diagnosing and monitoring common skin diseases. Current research has important methodological/reporting limitations. Real-world, prospectively-acquired image datasets with external validation/testing will advance deep learning beyond the current experimental phase towards clinically-useful tools to mitigate rising health and cost impacts of skin disease.
Enhancing hydrogel toughness by uniform cross-linking using modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Pruksawan Sirawit , Lim Jeremy Weixiong Reuben , Lee Yock Leng , Lin Zehuang , Chee Heng Li , Chong Yi Ting , Chi Hong , Wang FuKe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of macro cross-linkers is one of the most effective approaches for developing tough hydrogels. However, the presence of uneven cross-linking and the resulting hydrogel inhomogeneity restrict further improvement. Here, we achieve uniform cross-linking by employing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-grafted acrylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a cross-linker to enhance the toughness of hydrogels. The nano-sized hard silica core of POSS facilitates energy dissipation, and its dissolved form ensures uniform cross-linking through molecular-level dispersion. The peripheral acrylate groups introduce multiple interacting points, and the physical entanglements of long-chain PEG contribute to enhanced toughness. Incorporating acrylated POSS-PEG into polyacrylamide hydrogel yields enhanced properties such as toughness of up to 6531 kJ m−3 and break elongation up to 9455%, where the length of PEG chains grafted onto POSS is demonstrated to play a crucial role in facilitating energy dissipation and achieving high toughness.
Formation of the Xigaze Metamorphic Sole under Tibetan continental lithosphere reveals generic characteristics of subduction initiation
Authors: Guilmette Carl , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Smit Matthijs A. , Godet Antoine , Fournier-Roy François , Butler Jared P. , Maffione Marco , Li Shun , Hodges Kip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetamorphic soles found under allochthonous oceanic lithosphere, or ophiolites, are interpreted as derived from lower plate oceanic crust material accreted to upper plate mantle during intraoceanic subduction initiation. Their metamorphic evolution is inferred to reflect the thermal structure at the site of subduction nucleation, with granulite-bearing soles linked to initiation at hot spreading centers. Here we present garnet Lu-Hf geochronology for the granulite-bearing sole of the Xigaze ophiolite in South Tibet, whose oceanic crust formed ∼130 Ma through continental forearc extension. Our study shows that sole metamorphism was ongoing by 144 Ma, implying that north-directed subduction began at least 14 million years before oceanic forearc spreading. The upper plate at the time of subduction initiation was thus continental, not oceanic. Our results demonstrate that metamorphic characteristics of soles are independent of the specific tectonic setting at the subduction nucleation site and rather provide generic constraints on the subduction initiation process.
A normative microbiome is not restored following kidney transplantation
Authors: Craven Hannah , Erlandsson Helen , McGuinness Dagmara , McGuinness David H. , Mafra Denise , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Bergman Peter , Shiels Paul G. , Stenvinkel Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Dialysis and kidney transplantation (Ktx) mitigate some of the physiological deficits in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it remains to be determined if these mitigate microbial dysbiosis and the production of inflammatory microbial metabolites, which contribute significantly to the uraemic phenotype. We have investigated bacterial DNA signatures present in the circulation of CKD patients and those receiving a KTx. Our data are consistent with increasing dysbiosis as CKD progresses, with an accompanying increase in trimethylamine (TMA) producing pathobionts Pseudomonas and Bacillus. Notably, KTx patients displayed a significantly different microbiota compared with CKD5 patients, which surprisingly included further increase in TMA producing Bacillus and loss of salutogenic Lactobacilli. Only two genera (Viellonella and Saccharimonidales) showed significant differences in abundance following KTx that may reflect a reciprocal relationship between TMA producers and utilisers, which supersedes restoration of a normative microbiome. Our metadata analysis confirmed that TMA N-oxide (TMAO) along with one carbon metabolism had significant impact upon both inflammatory burden and the composition of the microbiome. This indicates that these metabolites are key to shaping the uraemic microbiome and might be exploited in the development of dietary intervention strategies to both mitigate the physiological deficits in CKD and enable the restoration of a more salutogenic microbiome.
Bright-Moon sky as a wide-field linear Polarimetric flat source for calibration
Authors: Maharana S. , Kiehlmann S. , Blinov D. , Pelgrims V. , Pavlidou V. , Tassis K. , Kypriotakis J. A. , Ramaprakash A. N. , Anche R. M. , Basyrov A. , Deka K. , Eriksen H. K. , Ghosh T. , Gjerløw E. , Mandarakas N. , Ntormousi E. , Panopoulou G. V. , Papadaki A. , Pearson T. , Potter S. B. , Readhead A. C. S. , Skalidis R. , Wehus I. K. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Next-generation wide-field optical polarimeters such as Wide-Area Linear Optical Polarimeters (WALOPs) have a field of view (FoV) of tens of arcminutes. Wide-field polarimetric flat sources are essential to the efficient and accurate calibration of these instruments. However, no established wide-field polarimetric standard or flat sources exist at present.
Aims. This study tests the feasibility of using the polarized sky patches of the size of around 10 × 10 arcminutes2, at a distance of up to 20° from the Moon, on bright-Moon nights as a wide-field linear polarimetric flat source.
Methods. We observed 19 patches of the sky adjacent to the bright-Moon with the RoboPol instrument in the SDSS-r broadband filter. These patches were observed on five nights within two days of the full-Moon across two RoboPol observing seasons.
Results. We find that for 18 of the 19 patches, the uniformity in the measured normalized Stokes parameters q and u is within 0.2%, with 12 patches exhibiting uniformity within 0.07% or better for both q and u simultaneously, making them reliable and stable wide-field linear polarization flats.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that the sky on bright-Moon nights is an excellent wide-field linear polarization flat source. Various combinations of the normalized Stokes parameters q and u can be obtained by choosing suitable locations of the sky patch with respect to the Moon.
Diastereoselective Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions of Amides with Diarylmethanes Using DDQ through Oxidative C–H Benzylic Activation
Authors: Nakata Kenya , Kimura Nagisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study reports the chiral-auxiliary-controlled diastereoselective dehydrogenative coupling of diarylmethanes with amides by using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone as the oxidant. The scope of the proposed reaction is very broad, with a wide variety of substrates and nucleophiles being applicable. The chiral induction can be attributed to the coordination of the oxygen atom on the chiral auxiliary with the carbocation intermediates.
Rose Bengal Promoted Catalytic Amyloid-β Oxygenation by Sonoactivation
Authors: Sohma Youhei , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Kanai Motomu , Atsumi Wataru , Kawabata Keiichi , Yamane Mina , Oi Miku , Mitsunuma Harunobu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCatalytic photooxygenation of amyloid-β is a leading therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer disease; however, the limited tissue permeability of light hampers its clinical application. We here report an alternative catalytic sonooxygenation strategy to circumvent this problem. Amyloid-β aggregates were oxygenated by using rose bengal as a sonosensitizer under ultrasound irradiation. Structure–activity relationships revealed that xanthene-derived catalysts containing halogen atoms furnished a superior amyloid oxygenation activity.
Homeopathic Sulphur Ointment as Adjuvant in the Treatment of Sheep with Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A Case Series
Authors: Barros Giuliano Pereira de , Leme Denise Pereira , Avilés Laura Livia Arias , Bricarello Patrizia Ana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health. Homeopathic Sulphur presents similarity with the clinical presentation verified in these cases and has already shown in vitro efficacy on the blowfly that causes this pathology. This article presents the report of a series of clinical cases of myiasis by C. hominivorax in sheep that underwent adjuvant treatment with homeopathic Sulphur and presents a theoretical-scientific discussion of biological events related to the clinical treatment of the condition.
Patients Seven naturally occurring myiases affecting sheep from an experimental farm were treated by an ointment impregnated with the homeopathic medicine Sulph 12cH, used as adjuvant after the manual removal of accessible larvae from the wound during wound cleaning. The animals were treated daily and evaluated clinically until complete healing of the lesions. Clinical information on the evolution of the inflammatory and scarring process was collected. Blood counts and bacteriological examinations were performed before and after topical homeopathic treatment.
Results The homeopathic ointment Sulph 12cH was able to inhibit the development of parasitic C. hominivorax larvae and promote tissue repair and healing in naturally occurring myiasis in the sheep of this study.
Conclusion The homeopathic medicine Sulphur, formulated as an ointment, may be a useful new and adjuvant therapeutic option for treating myiasis in animals.
Isolated Cerebral Metachronous Metastasis in Fibular Osteosarcoma: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nayak Manoj Kumar , Rastogi Sameer , Sebastian Leve Joseph , Tansir Ghazal , Narwal Anubhav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIsolated brain involvement is rarely reported as isolated metachronous metastasis from osteosarcoma. Herein, we report a case of fibular osteosarcoma in a young female who presented with solitary hemorrhagic metachronous cerebral metastasis after years of disease-free interval. Imaging showed a large mass lesion in the right posterior temporal lobe with internal areas of bleed not associated with calcification or ossification mimicking high-grade glioma. No other sites of distant metastases were found on the workup. Two-dimensional echocardiography was done to rule out any cardiac anomaly, including the shunt defect, but no abnormality was detected. She was operated for the cerebral lesion, and histopathology of the resected specimen showed osteosarcoma. The patient was started on chemotherapy and is doing well so far. This case presents a unique scenario of osteosarcoma with an isolated lesion in the brain without any other site of distant metastasis.
The Therapeutic Potential of Acupuncture in Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Authors: Yu Yang , Peng Xunchao , Tang Chenglin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) represents the most common type of CP, characterized by complex pathogenesis and a wide array of symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Acupuncture, a widely used treatment for chronic and painful conditions, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in restoring prostate function and enhancing the quality of life for affected patients. This article critically examines the intricate pathogenesis of CP/CPPS and explores the related therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture. Additionally, it summarizes the advancements made in the last decades regarding the use of acupuncture for treating CP/CPPS and elucidates potential effect pathways, laying the groundwork for further fundamental research.