bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified primal‐dual weak Galerkin finite element method for Fokker–Planck‐type equations
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Chunmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA simplified primal‐dual weak Galerkin (S‐PDWG) finite element method is designed for the Fokker–Planck‐type equation with nonsmooth diffusion tensor and drift vector. The discrete system resulting from S‐PDWG method has significantly fewer degrees of freedom compared with the one resulting from the PDWG method proposed by Wang‐Wang. Furthermore, the condition number of the S‐PDWG method is smaller than the PDWG method (Wang‐Wang) due to the introduction of a new stabilizer, which provides a potential to design fast algorithms. Optimal‐order error estimates for the S‐PDWG approximation are established in the norm. A series of numerical results are demonstrated to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the S‐PDWG method.
Effects of thermoneutrality on food intake, body weight, and body composition in a Prader‐Willi syndrome mouse model
Authors: Osborne‐Lawrence Sherri , Lawrence Connor , Metzger Nathan P. , Klavon Julia , Baig Hassan R. , Richard Corine , Varshney Salil , Gupta Deepali , Singh Omprakash , Ogden Sean B. , Shankar Kripa , Paul Subhojit , Butler Ryan K. , Zigman Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystem genetic disorder. Unfortunately, none of several mouse models carrying PWS mutations emulates the entirety of the human PWS phenotype, including hyperphagia plus obesity.MethodsTo determine whether housing at thermoneutrality (TN, 30 °C) permits the development of hyperphagia and obesity in the Snord116del PWS mouse model, the effects of housing three different ages of Snord116del and wild‐type (WT) littermates at TN versus room temperature (RT, 22–24 °C) for 8 weeks were compared.ResultsSnord116del mice born and maintained at TN exhibited lower body weight curves, lower percentage fat mass, and lower food intake than WT mice at RT. In 4‐ to 6‐month‐old high‐fat diet–fed female mice, TN raised the Snord116del body weight curve closer to that of RT‐housed WT mice although the TN‐housed Snord116del mice did not gain more adiposity or exhibit greater food intake. In 6‐ to 8‐month‐old high‐fat diet–fed male mice, body weight, adiposity, and food intake of TN‐housed Snord116del mice remained far below levels in RT‐housed WT mice. TN elicited hypotonia in Snord116del adults and exacerbated mortality of Snord116del newborns.ConclusionsIn none of three tested TN protocols were greater food intake, body weight, or adiposity induced in Snord116del mice compared with RT‐housed WT mice.
Strength and durability that last—Mechanical properties of polyurea and polyurethane coated composites
Authors: Jabbar Madeha , Adnan Muhammad , Shaker Khubab , Abdullah Tayyaba , Nawab Yasir , Hussain Rizwan , Malik A. U. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaterials scientists are interested in the development of impact‐resistant materials for military and commercial products. Polyurea and polyurethane are utilized for impact absorption in numerous industries, however, hybrid polymers and their features are rarely explored. Due to their distinct chemical structures and cure kinetics, polyurea‐polyurethane hybrid materials are still in their infancy. The versatility of these materials drives the research to address this challenge. Small‐scale composite companies generally use spray guns to apply chemicals, raising costs. The current study focused on the development of coated composites for impact applications. Polyurea, polyurethane, and their hybrid were used as a coating material on the glass/epoxy composites. The flexural, impact (Charpy and Izod), and thermomechanical properties of these coated composites were investigated. It was observed that coating thickness enhanced impact properties of composite materials. The loss and storage modulus decreased with an increase in temperature for polyurea and polyurethane coated composites. The thermo‐mechanical analysis of hybrid coated composite showed the behavior to be dominantly similar to the polyurethane‐coated composite materials. The flexural strength of glass/epoxy composites increases with the coating, while increasing number of coating layers counters this effect.
Effect of weaving parameter and resin structure of lightweight integrated multifunctional composite on thermal protection performance in extreme environment
Authors: Jiang Zuhang , Wang Tongkai , Li Weijie , Zhang Zhongwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article reports a novel lightweight integrated multifunctional composite (LIMC) with good thermal ablative and insulating properties for high temperature extreme environment. LIMC, which is an integrated woven carbon fiber preform reinforced phenolic aerogel composites, was prepared using vacuum impregnation and ambient pressure drying. The as‐prepared LIMC consisted of a dense surface layer exposed to environment, and a lightweight insulation zone to manage the heat load. The influences of weaving parameter and resin structure of LIMC on thermal protection and insulting performance were investigated. The results demonstrated that LIMC exhibited excellent ablation and insulation properties, and the weaving parameter and resin structure can affect integrated thermal protection and insulating performance. The 3D orthogonal recession layer with dense aerogels can improve the ablation resistance, while the 2.5D layer‐layer angle‐interlock with light aerogels can increase the insulation behavior of LIMC. The novel LIMC presents wide application prospects in the field of thermal protection and heat insulation.
The prediction methodology for tire durability regulation test using FEA
Authors: Feng Qiang , Kong Hao , Jiang Shuangyan , Wang Maohui , Luo Kangyu , Yong Zhanfu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, the finite element analysis (FEA) combined with the fracture mechanism of rubber was used to predict the fatigue life of the radial tire carcass rubber. Five tire structures with different angles were designed under the premise of ensuring the same height of carcass cord and radius of curvature. The fatigue life prediction of tires was performed using the Lake‐Lindley model in combination with finite element models and crack extension tests. The location and causes of damage in 11.00R20 load radial tires were analyzed, and the effect of sleeve cord angle on tire mechanical properties and fatigue performance was investigated to predict the fatigue life of the radial tire carcass rubber. The simulation test results are within 10% error when compared with the actual durability test results, which can fully meet the daily design development of tire enterprises. The fatigue life prediction method can shorten the development cycle and reduce the development cost of tires. Improving tire durability is important for reducing the use of petrochemical materials and environmental pollution.
Diagnostic profiles associated with long‐term opioid therapy in active duty servicemembers
Authors: Dufour Steven , Banaag Amanda , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Adams Rachel Sayko , Koehlmoos Tracey Perez , Gray Joshua C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver‐prescription of opioids has diminished in recent years; however, certain populations remain at high risk. There is a dearth of research evaluating prescription rates using specific multimorbidity patterns.ObjectiveTo identify distinct clinical profiles associated with opioid prescription and evaluate their relative odds of receiving long‐term opioid therapy.DesignRetrospective analysis of the complete military electronic health record. We assessed demographics and 26 physiological, psychological, and pain conditions present during initial opioid prescription. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified unique clinical profiles using diagnostic data. Logistic regression measured the odds of these classes receiving long‐term opioid therapy.SettingAll electronic health data under the TRICARE network.ParticipantsAll servicemembers on active duty during fiscal years 2016 through 2019 who filled at least one opioid prescription.Main Outcome MeasuresNumber and qualitative characteristics of LCA classes; odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression. We hypothesized that LCA classes characterized by high‐risk contraindications would have significantly higher odds of long‐term opioid therapy.ResultsA total of N = 714,446 active duty servicemembers were prescribed an opioid during the study window, with 12,940 (1.8%) receiving long‐term opioid therapy. LCA identified five classes: Relatively Healthy (82%); Musculoskeletal Acute Pain and Substance Use Disorders (6%); High Pain, Low Mental Health Burden (9%); Low Pain, High Mental Health Burden (2%), and Multisystem Multimorbid (1%). Logistic regression found that, compared to the Relatively Healthy reference, the Multisystem Multimorbid class, characterized by multiple opioid contraindications, had the highest odds of receiving long‐term opioid therapy (OR = 9.24; p < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.56, 9.98).ConclusionAnalyses demonstrated that classes with greater multimorbidity at the time of prescription, particularly co‐occurring psychiatric and pain disorders, had higher likelihood of long‐term opioid therapy. Overall, this study helps identify patients most at risk for long‐term opioid therapy and has implications for health care policy and patient care.
Young professional's integration framework in process safety management, based on the lean principles
Authors: Mendoza Vega Emanuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractYoung professionals (YPs) must increasingly take part in the systematic changes that respond to the requirements of modern engineering, especially in areas such as Process Safety, where the traditional involvement approach may be insufficient due to practical biases of leadership. These leaders usually fulfill their function as process and culture makers but rarely provide specific strategies and tools that enable incoming professionals to become an active part of the continuous improvement processes inherent to management. With the goal of maximizing the impact of YPs on process safety, the paper offers a brief integration framework with specific recommendations aimed at driving continuous improvement processes at the strategic, technical, and operational levels, based on the principles for managing ideas and information associated with lean, using specific methods such as active Muda reduction, DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) frame management objectives, and a culture‐first mindset that puts the human factor as central to the management of Process Safety, seeking a transversal orientation toward efficiency by adding value to the process and its continuous improvement.
A multistate modeling and simulation framework to learn dose–response of oncology drugs: Application to bintrafusp alfa in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Han , Milenković‐Grišić Ana‐Marija , Krishnan Sreenath M. , Jönsson Siv , Friberg Lena E. , Girard Pascal , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Vugmeyster Yulia , Khandelwal Akash , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dose/exposure‐efficacy analyses are often conducted separately for oncology end points like best overall response, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multistate models offer to bridge these dose‐end point relationships by describing transitions and transition times from enrollment to response, progression, and death, and evaluating transition‐specific dose effects. This study aims to apply the multistate pharmacometric modeling and simulation framework in a dose optimization setting of bintrafusp alfa, a fusion protein targeting TGF‐β and PD‐L1. A multistate model with six states (stable disease [SD], response, progression, unknown, dropout, and death) was developed to describe the totality of endpoints data (time to response, PFS, and OS) of 80 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer receiving 500 or 1200 mg of bintrafusp alfa. Besides dose, evaluated predictor of transitions include time, demographics, premedication, disease factors, individual clearance derived from a pharmacokinetic model, and tumor dynamic metrics observed or derived from tumor size model. We found that probabilities of progression and death upon progression decreased over time since enrollment. Patients with metastasis at baseline had a higher probability to progress than patients without metastasis had. Despite dose failed to be statistically significant for any individual transition, the combined effect quantified through a model with dose‐specific transition estimates was still informative. Simulations predicted a 69.2% probability of at least 1 month longer, and, 55.6% probability of at least 2‐months longer median OS from the 1200 mg compared to the 500 mg dose, supporting the selection of 1200 mg for future studies.
Stability analysis using mixed models: A critique of tolerance interval methods and a probabilistic solution
Authors: Altan Stan , Faya Paul , Rauk Adam P. , LeBlond David , Seaman John W. , Banton Dwaine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, tolerance interval approaches to the calculation of a shelf life of a drug product have been proposed in the literature. These address the belief that shelf life should be related to control of a certain proportion of batches being out of specification. We question the appropriateness of the tolerance interval approach. Our concerns relate to the computational challenges and practical interpretations of the method. We provide an alternative Bayesian approach, which directly controls the desired proportion of batches falling out of specification assuming a controlled manufacturing process. The approach has an intuitive interpretation and posterior distributions are straightforward to compute. If prior information on the fixed and random parameters is available, a Bayesian approach can provide additional benefits both to the company and the consumer. It also avoids many of the computational challenges with the tolerance interval methodology.
Luteolin inhibits spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) binding to angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Yan Huimin , Shi Mengyao , Zhang Min , Lu Jia , Wang Jiabao , Chen Lu , Wang Yu , Li Lin , Miao Lin , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a respiratory illness that poses a serious threat to global public health. In an essential step during infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 uses the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein to engage with angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in host cells. Chinese herbal medicines and their active components exhibit antiviral activity, with luteolin being a flavonoid that can significantly inhibit SARS‐CoV infection. However, whether it can block the interaction between the S‐protein RBD of SARS‐CoV‐2 and ACE2 has not yet been elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of luteolin on the binding of the S‐protein RBD to ACE2. By employing a competitive binding assay in vitro, we found that luteolin significantly blocked the binding of S‐protein RBD to ACE2 with IC50 values of 0.61 mM, which was confirmed by the neutralized infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus in vivo. A surface plasmon resonance‐based competition assay revealed that luteolin significantly affects the binding of the S‐protein RBD to the ACE2 receptor. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding sites of luteolin to the S‐protein RBD‐ACE2 complex. The active binding sites were defined based on published literature, and we found that luteolin might interfere with the mixture at residues including LYS353, ASP30, and TYR83 in the cellular ACE2 receptor and GLY496, GLN498, TYR505, LEU455, GLN493, and GLU484 in the S‐protein RBD. These residues may together form attractive charges and destroy the stable interaction of S‐protein RBD‐ACE2. Luteolin also inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein‐induced platelet spreading, thereby inhibiting the binding of the spike protein to ACE2. Our results are the first to provide evidence that luteolin is an anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agent associated with interference between viral S‐protein RBD‐ACE2 interactions.
Interfacial Origin of Unconventional Spin‐Orbit Torque in Py/γ−$\gamma -$IrMn3
Authors: Kumar Akash , Gupta Pankhuri , Chowdhury Niru , Khan Kacho Imtiyaz Ali , Shashank Utkarsh , Gupta Surbhi , Fukuma Yasuhiro , Chaudhary Sujeet , Muduli Pranaba Kishor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAngle‐resolved spin‐torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements are carried out in heterostructures consisting of Py (Ni81Fe19) and a noncollinear antiferromagnetic quantum material IrMn3. The structural characterization reveals that IrMn3 is polycrystalline in nature. A large exchange bias of 158 Oe is found in Py/IrMn3 at room temperature, while IrMn3/Py and Py/Cu/IrMn3 exhibit no exchange bias. Regardless of the exchange bias and stacking sequence, a substantial unconventional out‐of‐plane anti‐damping torque is observed when IrMn3 is in direct contact with Py. The magnitude of the out‐of‐plane spin‐orbit torque efficiency is found to be twice as large as the in‐plane spin‐orbit torque efficiency. The unconventional spin‐orbit torque vanishes when a Cu spacer is introduced between Py and IrMn3, indicating that the unconventional spin‐orbit torque in this system originates at the interface. These findings are important for realizing efficient antiferromagnet‐based spintronic devices via interfacial engineering.
Phantom‐based assessment of motion and needle targeting accuracy of robotic devices for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided needle biopsy
Authors: Antoniou Anastasia , Nikolaou Anastasia , Evripidou Nikolas , Georgiou Andreas , Filippou Antria , Zinonos Vasiliki , Giannakou Marinos , Chrysanthou Antreas , Ioannides Cleanthis , Damianou Christakis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe current study proposes simple methods for assessing the performance of robotic devices intended for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)‐guided needle biopsy.MethodsIn‐house made agar‐based breast phantoms containing biopsy targets served as the main tool in the evaluation process of an MRI compatible positioning device comprising a needle navigator. The motion accuracy of mechanical stages was assessed by calliper measurements. Laboratory evaluation of needle targeting included a repeatability phantom test and a laser‐based method. The accuracy and repeatability of needle targeting was also assessed by MRI.ResultsThe maximum error of linear motion for steps up to 10 mm was 0.1 mm. Needle navigation relative to the phantom and alignment with the various biopsy targets were performed successfully in both the laboratory and MRI settings. The proposed biopsy phantoms offered tissue‐like signal in MRI and good haptic feedback during needle insertion.ConclusionsThe proposed methods could be valuable in the process of validating the accuracy of MRI‐guided biopsy robotic devices in both laboratory and real environments.
Ligand‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of 3D Perovskite Nanocrystals into Chiral Inorganic Quasi‐2D Perovskites (n = 3) with Ligand‐Ratio‐Dependent Chirality Inversion
Authors: Wu Yue , Zhao Tianzhe , Shao Xiao , Chen Junyu , Zhang Tianyong , Li Bin , Jiang Shuang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChiral inorganic quasi‐2D perovskites are prepared by self‐assembling 3D perovskites in solution for the first time. The quasi‐2D perovskite synthesized is a pure‐phase perovskite with <n> = 3 and is periodically arranged, which is a big breakthrough in quasi‐2D inorganic perovskites. With the individual chiral CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) assemble into quasi‐2D perovskite, the g‐factor significantly improved (≈5 × 10−3). In addition, the chiroptical activity of quasi‐2D perovskites is explored to be improved with the lateral size increasing. In the first stage of assembly, chiral optical activity is increased due to the lateral size‐dependent optical activity, while the changes in the later stages are attributable to the chiral morphology. Interestingly, chirality inversion is found to be correlated to the number of ligands. It is believed that different conformers of chiral ligands caused by steric hindrance of the original ligand oleylamine result in opposite circular dichroism (CD) polarities. The chirality inversion phenomenon is universal, regardless of the choice of ligands. This work opens up a new path for the synthesis of quasi‐2D perovskites and provides more opportunities for the modulation of chiral optical activity.
Ti3C2TX MXene Ink Direct Writing Flexible Sensors for Disposable Paper Toys
Authors: Pei Yangyang , An Jianing , Wang Ke , Hui Zengyu , Zhang Xiaoli , Pan Hongqing , Zhou Jinyuan , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible electronics have gained great attention in recent years owing to their promising applications in biomedicine, sustainable energy, human‐machine interaction, and toys for children. Paper mainly produced from cellulose fibers is attractive substrate for flexible electronics because it is biodegradable, foldable, tailorable, and light‐weight. Inspired by daily handwriting, the rapid prototyping of sensing devices with arbitrary patterns can be achieved by directly drawing conductive inks on flat or curved paper surfaces; this provides huge freedom for children to design and integrate “do‐it‐yourself (DIY)” electronic toys. Herein, viscous and additive‐free ink made from Ti3C2TX MXene sediment is employed to prepare disposable paper electronics through a simple ball pen drawing. The as‐drawn paper sensors possess hierarchical microstructures with interweaving nanosheets, nanoflakes, and nanoparticles, therefore exhibiting superior mechanosensing performances to those based on single/fewer‐layer MXene nanosheets. As proof‐of‐concept applications, several popular children's games are implemented by the MXene‐based paper sensors, including “You say, I guess,” “Emotional expression,” “Rock‐Paper‐Scissors,” “Arm wrestling,” “Throwing game,” “Carrot squat,” and “Grab the cup,” as well as a DIY smart whisker for a cartoon mouse. Moreover, MXene‐based paper sensors are safe and disposable, free from producing any e‐waste and hazard to the environment.
New Strategy: Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis to Enhance Lanthanide Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Du Pengye , Lei Pengpeng , Liang Yuan , An Ran , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLanthanide‐doped upconversion luminescent materials (LUCMs) have attracted much attention in diverse practical applications because of their superior features. However, the relatively weak luminescence intensity and low efficiency of LUCMs are the bottleneck problems that seriously limit their development. Unfortunately, most of the current major strategies of luminescence enhancement have some inherent shortcomings in their implementation. Here, a new and simple strategy of molten salt‐assisted synthesis is proposed to enhance lanthanide upconversion luminescence for the first time. As a proof‐of‐concept, a series of rare earth oxides with obvious luminescence enhancement are prepared by a one‐step method, utilizing molten NaCl as the high‐temperature reaction media and rare earth chlorides as the precursors. The enhancement factors at different reaction temperatures are systematically investigated by taking Yb3+/Er3+ co‐doped Y2O3 as an example, which can be enhanced up to more than six times. In addition, the molten salts are extended to all alkali chlorides, indicating that it is a universal strategy. Finally, the potential application of obtained UCL materials is demonstrated in near‐infrared excited upconversion white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) and other monochromatic LEDs.