bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional magnetic particle imaging (fMPI) of cerebrovascular changes in the rat brain during hypercapnia
Authors: Mason Erica E , Mattingly Eli , Herb Konstantin , Cauley Stephen F , Śliwiak Monika , Drago John M , Graeser Matthias , Mandeville Emiri T , Mandeville Joseph B , Wald Lawrence L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Non-invasive functional brain imaging modalities are limited in number, each with its own complex trade-offs between sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution, and the directness with which the measured signals reflect neuronal activation. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) directly maps the cerebral blood volume (CBV), and its high sensitivity derives from the nonlinear magnetization of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) tracer confined to the blood pool. Our work evaluates functional MPI (fMPI) as a new hemodynamic functional imaging modality by mapping the CBV response in a rodent model where CBV is modulated by hypercapnic breathing manipulation. Approach. The rodent fMPI time-series data were acquired with a mechanically rotating field-free line MPI scanner capable of 5 s temporal resolution and 3 mm spatial resolution. The rat’s CBV was modulated for 30 min with alternating 5 min hyper-/hypocapnic states, and processed using conventional fMRI tools. We compare our results to fMRI responses undergoing similar hypercapnia protocols found in the literature, and reinforce this comparison in a study of one rat with 9.4T BOLD fMRI using the identical protocol. Main results. The initial image in the time-series showed mean resting brain voxel SNR values, averaged across rats, of 99.9 following the first 10 mg kg−1 SPION injection and 134 following the second. The time-series fit a conventional General Linear Model with a 15%–40% CBV change and a peak pixel CNR between 12 and 29, 2–6× higher than found in fMRI. Significance. This work introduces a functional modality with high sensitivity, although currently limited spatial and temporal resolution. With future clinical-scale development, a large increase in sensitivity could supplement other modalities and help transition functional brain imaging from a neuroscience tool focusing on population averages to a clinically relevant modality capable of detecting differences in individual patients.
The Effect of the Combination of Organic Fertilizer and Spraying with Silicon and Calcium on the Growth and Production of Three Cultivars of Beet
Authors: Mageed Rawaa Galeb , Hussin Wafaa Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Field experiments were carried out for the autumn season 2022- 2021 in the field of College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadiriyah Complex –Station A- to study a combination of organic fertilizer (Vermicompost) and cow manure as well as a control treatment (soil only) intertwined with Spraying with silicon, calcium and distilled water (control) in the growth and production of three cultivars of beet (Cylindra, Dark Red, Red) within the design of Completely Randomized Block Design at three replications, The number of treatments was 9 for each replicate. The means were compared according to the least significant difference (L.S.D) at a probability level of 5 %, the results were as follows:-The interaction treatment of the Vermicompost with calcium spraying in the number of leaves, the concentration of chlorophyll, the percentage of nitrogen and phosphorous), was significantly superior to the combination of Vermicompost with spraying silicon significantly (in the percentage of potassium, the concentration of silicon, the root yield, the leaf yield, the percentage of dry matter, phenols and sugars), at a rate of (387.67,3%.28 mg kg−1, 35.88 ton h−1, 50 ton h−1, 8.78%, 014% and 889%) respectively. As for the percentage of calcium, it was characterized by the combination treatment of cow manure with calcium spray, and the combination of cow manure with silicon spray was superior in T.S.S. and the percentage of fiber at 3.17 and 11.66% respectively for the Red variety.As for the variety Red Dark it was significantly superior to the mixture of the medium vericompost with silicon spray in the number of leaves, the concentration of chlorophyll and the percentage of nitrogen, the concentration of silicon, Root yield and leaf yield Percentage of dry matter T.S.S, phenols and sugars at (10 leaf plant−1, 82.2 mg 100 fresh wet−1, 3.53%, 313.00 mg kg−1, 36.35 ton h−1, 40.92 ton h−1, 6.86%, 11.03%, 0.16% and 845%) respectively, while the percentage of phosphorous and potassium, it was characterized by the combination of cow manure with silicon spray, and the combination of vermicompost with calcium spray was superior to the percentage of calcium and the percentage of fiber by giving it 2.19% and 2.50% respectively. As for the variety Cylindra it was significantly superior to the combination of the Vericompost with silicon spray in the number of leaves, concentration of chlorophyll, percentage of nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon, root yield, leaf yield, Percentage of dry matter, T.S.S, Whereas, the treatment with cow manure overlapping with silicon was superior in the percentage of potassium, phenols and sugars, as it gave 4.11% 0.13 and 665% respectively, The treatment of the Vermicompost with calcium spray was characterized in the percentage of calcium as it gave 1.65%.
Effect of Phosphorous and Biochar Levels on Phosphorous Concentration in Plants and some Growth Characteristics and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Halul Raheem Alwan , Hassan Marwa Haider 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the 2021-2022 agricultural season in Al Bandar area, which is located 10 km east of the center of Samawah city - Muthanna governorate on the left side of the Euphrates River to find out the effect of phosphorous and biochar levels on the growth characteristics and yield of bread wheat, triple superphosphate fertilizer TSP (21%) was used. as a source of phosphorous fertilizer with five levels (0, 50, 75, 100 and 150%) of the fertilizer recommendation (120 kg P ha−1) and biochar was used, as a volume of 120 cm3 was added to a box with three size levels (0%, 1% and 2%) It was added at once before planting, the experiment was carried out using a design (RCBD) with three replicates, The levels of phosphorous and biochar achieved the best values in all study parameters.
Genotype - Environment Interaction in Zea mays L.
Authors: Al-Shakarchy Wiam Yahya Rasheed , Al-Taweel Mohammed Subhi , Al-Hamadany Shamil Younis Hassan , Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed Dawod 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn order to study the effect of plant density on the genetic behavior of the growth and yield of ten genotypes of different origins of yellow corn, this study was conducted during the spring growing season / 2022, in two different locations. The first site is (Mosul site) in the field of agricultural research / College of Agriculture and Forestry / the tourist forest area. The second site is (Bashiqa site) in one of the private agricultural fields of Bashiqa district within the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) with three replications. The results of the genetic environmental aggregate variance analysis of the two study sites indicate that the mean squares of the environments and genotypes were significant for all studied traits at the probability level of 1%. While the overlap of genotypes × environments was significant at a level of probability of 5% for the dates of male and female flowering and plant height, and at a level of probability of 1% for the rest of the other traits except for the number of pips per plant, in which the differences did not reach the limit of significance. Plants cultivated in environment 3 were characterized by the highest grain yield per single plant amounting to 598.940 gm, compared to the highest total grain yield amounting to 31.466 tons.ha−1of plants grown under environment conditions 1. The broad sense heritability values were high for both male and female flowering dates 0.624 and 0.644. respectively. The expected genetic i advance as a percentage of the average trait was an average value for the traits of total ear weight, number of grains per ear, individual plant grain yield, and total grain yield.
Variability and Expectant Genetic Advance for Yield and its Components in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Al-Hamadany Shamil Younis Hassan , Al-Jubouri Amer Abdullah Hussein , Al-Shakarchy Wiam Yahya Rasheed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out with the aim of estimating some of the genetic parameters represented by variations, broad sense heritability and expected genetic advance and evaluating the genetic performance for some of the growth and yield characteristics of the five varieties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are (Local red, Local black, Turkish red, Syrian red and Turkish white) during the growth season 2019- 2020 in the vegetable field at Horticulture and Landscape Department College of Agriculture and Forestry-Mosul University within the design of using Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. Results of the analysis of variance for the studied traits showed that there were significant differences between the five varieties of all studied traits. The local black variety significantly superior compared the other variety in the Leaf fresh weight, and the syrian red variety in the root weight and total yield. The phenotypic, genotypic variations and broad sense heritability was high for the plant height, Leaf fresh weight, root weight and total yield. Which it means that most of the phenotypic variation between varieties was due to genetic variations. As for the expected genetic advance was high for the plant height, Leaf fresh weight, root weight, the ratio of the root / leaf ratio and total yield. Which indicates the importance of selection for improving these characters.
Effect of Foliar Fertilization with Humic Acid and Garlic Extract on Growth and Yield of Broccoli and its Content of some Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Hilo Baydaa Rasheed , Ali Bayader Abd Aljabbar , Jasim Haneen Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An experiment was conducted in one of the open fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture,Al-Qasim Green University for the autumn season 2021-2022. The experiment included a study of three levels of humic acid (0, 2, 4) ml / liter and three levels of garlic extract (0, 10, 20) ml / liter and the interaction between them in the growth and yield of broccoli plant and its content of total phenols and flavonoids. A factorial experiment (3×3) was conducted according to the split plot design and with three replicates, where each replicate contains 9 treatments. Test the least significant difference L.S.D at the level of 5%. The results showed the humic acid at a concentration of 4 ml / liter in excelled and gave the highest plant height of 57.60 cm, the number of leaves 17.46 leaves / plant, the percentage of dry matter 19.06%, the diameter of curd 23.24 cm, the weight of curd 0.736 kg, and the total amount of phenols in the leaves 1.93 mg / kg. Humic treatment at a concentration of 2 ml / L was significantly excelled in the total amount of phenols in the pink disc at a rate of 1.98 mg / kg. The garlic extract at a concentration of 20 ml/L recorded significantly excelled in recording the highest plant height of 58.42 cm, the percentage of dry matter 19.40%, the curd diameter 23.12 cm, and the curd weight 0.766 kg. In the leaves, it reached 38.15 mg / kg,As for the interaction treatments, most of the interaction treatments recorded significantly excelled in most of the studied traits, but the best interaction treatments were H3G3, which recorded the highest number of leaves 13.60 leaves and the percentage of dry matter 19.73% and the diameter of the pink disc 25 cm and the weight of curd 0.870 kg.While treatment H2G2 recorded the highest value of total phenols in leaves 2.07 mg / kg and treatment H3G2 recorded the highest value of flavonoids in leaves 38.37 mg / kg. Treatment H2G1 recorded the highest value of total phenols in curd amounted to 2.10 mg/kg, and treatment H3G1 recorded the highest value of flavonoids in curd amounting to 38.61 mg/kg.
Determination of Enzyme Activity and Vitamin Content of Moringa Oleifera Lam. in Response to Glutathione and Biofertilizer under Water Stress
Authors: Khalaf Raad Abbas , Abdullah Kadum Mohammed , Almyali Ali Ahmed Hussein , Khalaf Asaad Abbas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out in the canopy belongs to the Horticulture and Landscape Department - College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala in pots with a capacity of 28 kg during the spring growing season 2021 to know the effect of spraying with glutathione, biofertilizer (Algacell) under different water stress levels on the effectiveness of some enzymes and the content of some vitamins of Moringa Oleifera plant. The study was designed as a factorial experiment according to the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), as the study included three factors: glutathione with three concentrations (0, 100, 200) mg.L−1 and biofertilizer (Algacell) at two levels (0 and 10) ml. L−1 and water stress with three levels of field capacity (60%, 50%, 40%), and the averages were compared using Dunkin’s multinomial test at a probability level of 0.05. Most of the vegetative growth characteristics were the spraying treatment at a concentration of 200 ml. L−1 achieved the highest rates in terms of (the activity of the enzyme catalase, the activity of the dismutase enzyme, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, the concentration of ascorbic acid), which reached (2.75%, 28.622%, 6.005 mg.gm−1, 7.561%, 0.377 units.gm−1, 11.777 gm−1, 0.990 gm−1, 275.444 mg.gm−1), respectively, followed by the spray treatment with a concentration of 100 ml. L−1, while the comparison treatment recorded fewer concentrations, while the bio-fertilizer (Algacell) did not achieve a significant difference in all the studied traits, while the water stress treatment excelled at the level of 40% of the field capacity in the traits (the activity of the catalase enzyme, the activity of the dismutase enzyme, the activity of the peroxidase enzyme, the concentration of ascorbic acid, the concentration of α-Tocopherol) which gave respectively (0.446 gm−1, 13.222 gm−1, 1.133 gm−1, 294.167 mg.gm−1, 257.83 μg.gm−1), and the effect of the double and triple interaction between the treatments was similar to their single effects in improving most of the studied traits.
Influence of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilization on Flowering and Yield Bulbs of Tulip Frenged, Tulipa gesneriana L.
Authors: Ismael Bairam Solomon , Kamil Ashjan Nazar , Hashim Nawar Nameer , Dudkiewicz Margot 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of levels of two types of fertilizers: organic (farmyard) manure (O0= 0, O1= 200, O2= 400 g/m2) and NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) (F0= 0, F1= 80, F2= 120 g/m2) on decorative features of Tulip Frenged, Tulipa gesneriana. All the flowering and bulb quality attributes were significantly influenced by the addition of farmyard manure and NPK to the soil. The results indicated that the farmyard manure FYM added to the soil increased the spike and flower diameter and reduced the number of days of flower color show, in comparison, the plants grown without farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer NPK. the highest flower diameter was recorded when the FYM2 with chemical fertilizer NPK F1 and F2 were mixed and added to the soil together. The results showed that the bulbs, which were planted in soil containing farmyard manure and NPK chemical fertilizer, shortened the flower days to show color and open. NPK applications increased the weight and diameter of bulbs.
Effect of Colchicine Concentration and Exposure Duration on the Growth and Flowering of Petunia hybrid L.
Authors: Al-Jubouri Adnan Ahmed Abdul Khudair , Alqaisi Mustafa Rasheed Majeed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of three concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.2, 0.5%,) with different exposure times (24, 36, 48 hours) on petunias for growth and flowering characteristics. experiment was carried out with a design The randomized complete Block design (RCBD) with a one-way system, and the results of the study showed the following: The cause of colchicine exposure a significant increase in most of the studied growth characteristics and the superiority of exposure. The treatment with colchicine excelled 0.5 at the time of 36 hours by giving the least rate of plant height, the most, the number of leaves, the largest leaf area, and the largest plant spread (38.03 cm, 77.7 leaf plant−1, 952 cm2, 20.86 branch plant−1), respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of branches. On the plant, the colchicine alkaloid had a significant effect on most of the studied flowering traits, early flowering at the time of flowering, and the highest mean of flowering number, flower diameter, and focal age (85.33 days, 22.33 plant flower−1, 9.517 cm, 74 days), respectively. The concentration of colchicine 0.5% and the time of 36 hours recorded the highest rate of anthocyanin pigment chlorophyll in the plant, reaching 7.01% and 38.06 mg gm wet weight, respectively.
Effect of Planting Season and Variety in some Growth Characters of Corn
Authors: Hasham Nisreen Sabbar , Kareem Khamael Ali , Al-Abassi Aiymen Ahmed Abdul-Kareem , Kahle Abdelmonnem Sadalaha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted during the spring and autumn seasons of 2020 in a field of Sabtiyah village/ Diyala Governorate to study the effect of planting season and variety in some growth characteristics of corn. The seeds of maize varieties (Buhooth -106 and El-Maha) were sowed on 15/3/2020 for the spring season and 15/7/2020 for the autumn season in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that the spring season was superior in %50 anthesis, %50 silking, leave the area, diameter and chlorophyll, in order 54.33 days,61.67 days, 43.33 dm2, 35.80mm and 56.03 SPAD.So the suitable of the autumn season in plant height and the number of leaves is 186.87 cm and 13.67 leaves. The results showed that El-Maha was superior to booth-106 variety in most characters; it increased in %50 anthesis, %50 silking, leave the area, diameter and chlorophyll to 54.33 days, 61.33 days, 41.09 dm2,32.85 mm and 54.89 SPAD. The interaction between season and variety significantly affected all trait parameters compared with the interaction treatment of control.
Onion Biofortification Using Selenium Bionanofertilizer and its Bulk Source under Sandy Soil Conditions
Authors: El-Bassiony Abd El-Mohsin M. , El-Ramady Hassan , El-Sawy Sameh M. , Mahmoud Sami H. , Shedeed Shaymaa I. , Fawzy Zakaria F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Human health depends on the daily supply of fresh vegetables and fruits, which contain the essential, nutrients, vitamins and other bioactive compounds. Due to malnutrition in several places all over the world, the biofortification approach is a crucial solution to overcome this global problem. In the current study, the biological nanofertilizer of selenium (nano-Se) was tested on onion crop comparing with its bulk source under the sandy soil conditions. the applied doses of nano-Se were 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg L−1 in both nano and mineral form of Se. The main investigated parameters of onion were the vegetative growth parameters and the nutritional status in leaves and bulbs. The obtained results have a significant difference between mineral and nano-Se doses for studied measurements. In general, all studied parameters increased in their values with increasing the applied doses from both Se sources up to 30 or 40 mg L−1 compared to the control, depending on the selected parameter. This increase reached to more than 60% (for applied nano-Se on bulb dry weight), or more than 55% for the same parameter after applying mineral Se source. Applying nano Se was achieved higher values in some studied parameters of onion, whereas the mineral form of Se was domain for others. This study confirmed that both Se forms can be applied for biofortification of onion because the Se content in bulb located in the accepted level of Se in crop with priority to nano-Se, which accumulate in leaves and bulb in a lower concentration compared to mineral form. This work opened more question about the nano-biofortification and the possibility to apply for more studied crops with focus on the suitable added dose to be safe for successful biofortification program.
The Effect of Honeybee for Increasing of Sunflower Productivity
Authors: Karso Batol Abdulla , Dabash Abdulla Hamad , Bas Saleh Mohammed Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This research was conducted at the fields in college of agricultural engineering sciences,/University of Duhok Kurdistan region-Iraq 2020-2021 during two seasons spring and fall, to determine the role of honeybees on the productivity of sunflower oil. selected two sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) varieties; Flame variety and Peredovik variety were cultivated. The results showed the superiority of pollinators’ treatment of cultivar Flame which gave higher value in some characteristics total Sunflowers head weight for both seasons, total productivity wet weight for both seasons, total productivity dry weight for both seasons, reached 797.6 gm.,5000 gm, and 3900gm., respectively. And so, its superiority in the high physical characteristics of sunflower productivity during the fall season reached; a percentage of oil ratio of 57%, oils density of 0.82, refractive index1.3713, oils viscosity of 6.62, and protein percentage of 30.44%. The significant differences between cultivars, and both two seasons, and significant differences between pollinator plants compared to non-pollinators of sunflower productivity by insects, refer to insects role especially honeybees in the amount of sunflowers productivity, and their characteristics.
Effect of Phosphorus and Polyamine Fertilizers on Kufi Apple Transplants Growth
Authors: Alah Afraa Esam Saad , Alwan Al Aareji Jassim M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in the Lath-house/Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul on Kufi apple transplants (Malus domestica L.) at one year old, planted on plastic containers containing 9 kg of soil, by using the a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for each experimental unit, with two factors, three replications, and four transplants, the first factor was three levels of phosphorus (0,100 and 200 mg P kg−1 soil), second factor was three levels of organic polyamine fertilizer (0,1.5 and 3 gm l−1). The transplants were fertilized with phosphorus once during the season on 26/4/2021,while Polyamine fertilizer was applied five times during the season, 20 days between them, first application was done in 26/4/2021. The results obtained showed that the application of phosphorus at a concentration of 200 mg P kg−1 soil significantly increased transplant leaves area and section length only as compared with control and 100 mg P kg−1soil treatments, while polyamine fertilizer at a concentration of 3 gm−1 significantly increased dry weight of vegetative growth and roots dry weight as compared with control and 1.5 gm−1 treatments and transplant leaves area and section diameter parameters as compared with control treatment only. The interaction between the concentrations of phosphorus and polyamine reveals that there was a significant effect on all studied parameters, the treatment of 200gm P kg−1 soil + 3 gm polyamine l−1 gave the highest means of leaves number, leaf area, transplant leaves area and ratio of roots dry weight /dry weight of vegetative growth, meanwhile 100gm P kg−1 soil + 3 gm polyamine l−1 treatment gave the highest means of section length, section diameter, dry weight of vegetative growth and roots dry weight.