bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing internally club and approachable on an Infinite interval
Authors: Jakob Hannes , Levine Maxwell 
Published: February 2025

AbstractKrueger showed that implies that for all regular , there are stationarily many that are internally club but not internally approachable. From countably many Mahlo cardinals, we force a model in which, for all positive and , there is a stationary subset of consisting of sets that are internally club but not internally approachable. The theorem is obtained using a new variant of Mitchell forcing. This answers questions of Krueger.
Global well‐posedness of the variable‐order fractional wave equation with variable exponent nonlinearity
Authors: Lin Qiang , Xu Runzhang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we conduct a comprehensive study of the global well‐posedness of solution for a class of nonlocal wave equations with variable‐order fractional Laplacian and variable exponent nonlinearity by constructing a suitable framework of the variational theory. We first prove the local‐in‐time existence of the weak solution via the Galerkin approximation technique and fixed point theory. Then by constructing the potential well theory, we classify the initial data leading to the global existence and finite time blowup of the solution for three different initial energy cases, that is, subcritical initial energy case, critical initial energy case, and supercritical initial energy case. For the subcritical and critical initial energy cases, we show that the solution exists globally in time when the initial data belong to the stable manifold and blows up in finite time when the initial data belong to the unstable manifold. For the supercritical initial energy case, we observe some initial conditions that enable the finite time blow‐up solution by an adapted concavity method, and the issue of global existence still remains unsolved. As a further study of finite time blowup, we estimate the upper and lower bounds of blow‐up time by using different strategies, that is, applying some first‐order differential inequality regardless of the different initial energy levels, to give a unified expression for the lower bound estimation for three initial energy levels. For the upper bound estimation, we utilize two second‐order differential inequalities influenced by the different energy levels to give the upper bound estimations of the blow‐up time at each initial energy level.
Habituation of vestibular‐evoked balance responses after repeated exposure to a postural threat
Authors: Zaback Martin , Villemer Solenne , Missen Kyle J. , Inglis J. Timothy , Carpenter Mark G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractVestibular‐evoked balance responses are facilitated when faced with threats to stability. However, the extent to which these sensorimotor adaptations covary with changes in emotional and autonomic state remains unclear. This study repeatedly exposed individuals to the same postural threat while vestibular‐motor responses were probed using stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS; 2–25 Hz). This allowed emotional and autonomic state to be manipulated within the same threat environment to determine if vestibular‐evoked balance responses are coupled with the emotional/autonomic changes induced by the threat or are facilitated in a strictly context‐dependent manner. Twenty‐three young adults stood with their head turned 90° while receiving SVS at LOW (0.8 m above ground, away from edge) and HIGH (3.2 m above ground, at edge) conditions. LOW trials were completed before and after a block of 10 HIGH trials. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and plantar flexor (soleus and medial gastrocnemius (MG)) EMG were recorded. Vestibular‐evoked responses recorded from GRFs and EMG were quantified in terms of signal coupling (coherence and cumulant density) and gain, and emotional and autonomic state were assessed from self‐reports and electrodermal activity. Vestibular‐evoked balance responses were facilitated with initial threat exposure. After repeated exposure, there was significant habituation of the emotional response to threat, which was accompanied by reductions in vestibular‐evoked balance responses, most notably for GRFs and MG‐EMG. This suggests that threat‐related changes in vestibular‐motor function are tightly coupled with the emotional and autonomic changes induced by the threat, and not an invariant response to context‐specific features of the threat.
imageKey points
Balance corrective responses mediated through vestibular‐motor pathways are facilitated when stability is threatened; however, the extent to which these sensorimotor adaptations covary with changes in emotional state remains unclear.
By having young adults repeatedly stand at the edge of an elevated surface, this study examined how vestibular‐evoked balance responses, probed using stochastic vestibular stimulation and recorded from ground reaction forces and plantar flexor EMG, changed alongside estimates of emotional state.
Vestibular‐evoked responses were facilitated when individuals were first exposed to the postural threat, but demonstrated marked habituation alongside estimates of emotional state after repeated exposure.
This suggests that threat‐related changes in vestibular‐motor function are coupled to the emotional response to threat, and are not an invariant response to context‐specific features of the threat.
These changes in vestibular‐motor function are likely part of a multisensory adaptation process that primes the nervous system to respond to sudden destabilizing forces when fearful of falling.
HETEROGENEOUS MULTI-SOURCE DATA FUSION THROUGH INPUT MAPPING AND LATENT VARIABLE GAUSSIAN PROCESS
Authors: Comlek Yigitcan , Ravi Sandipp Krishnan , Pandita Piyush , Ghosh Sayan , Wang Liping , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning frameworks have become powerful tools for establishing computationally efficient mappings between inputs and outputs in engineering problems. These mappings have enabled optimization and analysis routines, leading to innovative designs, advanced material systems, and optimized manufacturing processes. In such modeling efforts, it is common to encounter multiple information (data) sources, each varying in specifications. Data fusion frameworks offer the capability to integrate these diverse sources into unified models, enhancing predictive accuracy and enabling knowledge transfer. However, challenges arise when these sources are heterogeneous, i.e., they do not share the same input parameter space. Such scenarios occur when domains differentiated by complexity such as fidelity, operating conditions, experimental setup, and scale, require distinct parametrizations. To address this challenge, a heterogeneous multi-source data fusion framework based on input mapping calibration (IMC) and latent variable Gaussian process (LVGP) is proposed. In the first stage, the IMC algorithm transforms the heterogeneous input parameter spaces into a unified reference parameter space. In the second stage, an LVGP-enabled multi-source data fusion model constructs a single source-aware surrogate model on the unified space. The framework is demonstrated and analyzed through three engineering case studies: the design of a cantilever beam, the design of ellipsoidal voids, and the modeling of Ti6Al4V alloy properties. The results demonstrate that the framework achieves higher predictive accuracy compared to both single-source models and source-unaware models on the transformed space.
Bidirectional Asymmetric Accordion-type Soft Robot for Respiratory Assistance
Authors: Zhou Sipeng , Pu Zihan , Yuan Shaoke , Fei Yanqiong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Respiratory assistance is of significant importance for achieving pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with weakened respiratory muscles. Soft actuators has great potential in rehabilitation application, yet there is little research on soft respiratory rehabilitation robots. This paper presents a novel bidirectional asymmetric accordion-type soft robot capable of generating chest expansion and contraction actions, designed for respiratory assistance in patients with respiratory muscle weakness. The robot consists of two bidirectional asymmetric accordion-type pneumatic actuators (APA), each composed of a primary accordion-type pneumatic actuator (PAPA) and a subordinate accordion-type pneumatic actuator (SAPA), capable of providing torque to human body to facilitate auxiliary expansion and contraction of the chest. A kinematic motion model is developed to couple the movements of the human arm with the actuator by analyzing their angular relationships. By modeling the airbags as compressed spheres and simplifying the contact areas, the angle can be calculated at the specified pressure and torque, thereby selecting the optimal geometric parameters of PAPA and SAPA to ensure the desired angle is achieved. Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy of the kinematic coupled motion model and output torque of PAPA. The robot's efficacy in respiratory assistance was assessed by comparing volume flow rate (VFR) and moving air volume (MAV) between ten participants with and without robot assistance. Results show the average improvement rates of exhalation VFR, inhalation VFR, and MAV of the participants are 154.4%, 147.94%, and 155.26%, which demonstrated the robot's capability to enhance respiratory function.
Modelling Particulate Deposition in Gas Turbines Part I: a Non-Spherical Bounce Stick Model
Authors: Gaskell Jack , McGilvray Matthew , Gillespie David R.H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The secondary air system and cooling passages of gas turbine components are prone to blockage from sand and dust. Prediction of deposition requires accurate models of particle transport and thermo-mechanical interaction with walls. Bounce stick models predict whether a particle will bounce or stick upon impact and calculate rebound trajectories if applicable. This paper proposes a bounce stick model that uses analytical solutions of adhesion, plastic deformation and viscoelasticity to time-resolve collision physics. The Discrete-Element Methods (DEM) model shows good agreement when compared to experimental studies and FEA simulations, requiring minimal parametric fitting. Further comparison is made to the best resolved and industry standard models available. In addition to coefficients of restitution, other variables crucial to modelling rebound, for example angular velocity, are predicted. The time-stepping explicit approach allows coupling between internal processes during contact and shows that viscoelasticity plays a significant role in adhesion. Modelling time-dependent internal variables like wall-normal force allow the modelling of non-spherical particles, the physics of which has been shown by previous work to differ significantly from that of spheres. These effects have not been captured well, if at all, by other models. The spherical version of this model has previously been shown to produce good predictions of deposition distribution in CFD. The developments presented here allow the inclusion of more complex collision physics which will improve numerical predictions of deposition. The accompanying second part to this paper demonstrates this with the addition of surface roughness modelling.
A link between aging and persistence
Authors: Proenca A. M. , Rang C. U. , Chao L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Despite the various strategies that microorganisms have evolved to resist antibiotics, survival to drug treatments can be driven by subpopulations of susceptible bacteria in a transient state of dormancy. This phenotype, known as bacterial persistence, arises due to a natural and ubiquitous heterogeneity of growth states in bacterial populations. Nonetheless, the unifying mechanism of persistence remains unknown, with several pathways being able to trigger the phenotype. Here, we show that asymmetric damage partitioning, a form of cellular aging, produces the underlying phenotypic heterogeneity upon which persistence is triggered. Using single-cell microscopy and microfluidic devices, we demonstrate that deterministic asymmetry in exponential phase populations leads to a state of growth stability, which prevents the spontaneous formation of persisters. However, as populations approach stationary phase, aging bacteria—those inheriting more damage upon division—exhibit a sharper growth rate decline, increased probability of growth arrest, and higher persistence rates. These results indicate that persistence triggers are biased by bacterial asymmetry, thus acting upon the deterministic heterogeneity produced by cellular aging. This work suggests unifying mechanisms for persistence and offers new perspectives on the treatment of recalcitrant infections.
mSphere of Influence: Fungal behavior as a framework for the evolution of emergent traits
Authors: Swafford Andrew J. M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Andrew Swafford works in the field of evolutionary cell biology. In this mSphere of Influence article, he reflects on how the simultaneous introduction to the evolution of vision, the sensory biology of chytrid fungi, and a classic paper by Vrba and Gould helped shape his thinking about sensory evolution.
Bifidobacterium longum
increases serum vitamin D metabolite levels and modulates intestinal flora to alleviate osteoporosis in mice
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Tian Gao , Pei Zhangming , Yu Xihua , Wang Yi , Xu Fuchun , Zhao Jianxin , Lu Shourong , Lu Wenwei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The elderly population is prone to osteoporosis, owing to the deterioration of the skin, liver, and kidney functions. Vitamin D (VD) supplementation has a limited effect, and VD deficiency is mostly treated with medication. Several studies have shown that the gut microbiota alters intestinal VD metabolism and that probiotic supplements can influence circulating VD levels. Therefore, in the present study, we screened a strain of
Bifidobacterium longum
FSHHK13M1 that can increase the level of VD metabolites in the fermented supernatant species
in vitro
by modeling fecal bacterial fermentation. The results showed that FSHHK13M1 intervention significantly increased the serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxy VD and osteocalcin. It activated the expression of the VDR, OPG, Wnt10b/β-catenin, and Runx2/Osterix pathways and inhibited the expression of RANKL/RANK pathway. Furthermore, there was an enhancement in the quantity of bone trabeculae and the proportion of bone volume. Concurrently, the gut microbiota in mice with osteoporosis exhibited signs of imbalance. FSHHK13M1 intervention increased the relative abundance of specific bacteria, such as
Faecalibaculum rodentium
,
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
,
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
, and
Akkermansia muciniphila
. These results suggest that
B. longum
FSHHK13M1 alleviates retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis symptoms by modulating related genes, regulating the intestinal flora and increasing the level of active VD.

IMPORTANCE

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease in which the patient’s bone mass decreases for a variety of reasons, and the microstructure of the bone tissue is altered, leading to an increase in bone brittleness and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis is almost always present in the elderly population, and fractures from falls are an important predisposing factor for mortality risk in the elderly population. Supplementation is quite limited for them as they are not able to utilize vitamin D well due to declining liver, kidney, and skin functions. In the present study, a strain of
Bifidobacterium longum
probiotic was found to increase the levels of the active form of vitamin D and ameliorate osteoporosis. This may play an important role in preventing osteoporosis and reducing fracture risk in the elderly.
Effects of human immunoglobulin A on
Cryptococcus neoformans
morphology and gene expression
Authors: Trevijano-Contador Nuria , de Oliveira Haroldo C. , Malacatus-Bravo Claudia , Sarai Varona , Cuesta Isabel , Rodrigues Marcio L. , Zaragoza Óscar , Pirofski Liise-anne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Human IgM was previously shown to inhibit Titan-like cell formation of
Cryptococcus neoformans
, whereas IgG did not. Here, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the effect of normal human IgA on
C. neoformans
biology (strain H99) and compared it to that of IgG and IgM. We found that like IgM, IgA affected H99 cell size and morphology. The total size of cells cultured with IgA was significantly smaller at 24 h than cells cultured with IgM and IgG and comparable to IgM but smaller than IgG at 72 h. We also examined extracellular vesicle (EV) production and found that it was significantly reduced in cells cultured with IgA than the control, but the EVs were larger. To further probe the effect of IgA on H99, we performed expression profiling by RNAseq of H99 cells cultured with each immunoglobulin isotype and compared the results with IgA to those with IgM, IgG, and a control (PBS). These comparisons showed that cells cultured with IgA overexpressed genes related to cell rescue, defense, virulence, energy conservation, adapation to stress with CNAG_00735 (aldehyde dehydrogenase family seven member A1) being the most overexpressed, and repressed some genes related to vesicular transport, including CNAG_04306 (vesicle transporter SFT2B) and CNG_00063 (histone H3). Collectively, our findings suggest that the effects of IgA on cryptococcal biology deserve further investigation, as they reveal new insights into human host–
C. neoformans
interaction, which suggest that antibody responses may affect gene expression in
C. neoformans
.

IMPORTANCE

Profound CD4 T cell deficiency is associated with the development of cryptococcosis in HIV-infected individuals. However, perturbations in antibody immunity, including reduced levels of plasma IgA and IgM, have also been associated with cryptococcal disease status. While IgM has been studied in some detail, IgA has not. Here, we evaluated the effect of normal human IgA on
Cryptococcus neoformans
biology and morphology to expand knowledge of the role that it may play in cryptococcal pathogenesis.
Clinical indications and Z-score-assisted NIPT testing: a new perspective in prenatal screening
Authors: Zhang Runling , Zhang Haiying , Zhang Lin , Kong Xiangsha , Wang Wei , Jia Yuyuan , Ren Meihong , Liu Yan , Zhu Ling , Chen Hongsong , Rao Huiying 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveWe aim to explore positive predictive value (PPV) in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)-positive cases and investigate the impact of diverse clinical indications and Z-scores on PPV performance.MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2024, 37 891 pregnant women underwent NIPT screening for fetal trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18) and trisomy 13 (T13) at our laboratory using the NextSeq CN500 platform. Positive results were verified through prenatal diagnostic karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) techniques.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity and PPV were 95.24%, 99.95%, 67.80% for T21; 100%, 99.97%, 56.00% for T18; and 100%, 99.97%, 16.67% for T13. Across clinical indications, PPV ranged from 0% to 100% for T21 and T18 and 0% to 28.57% for T13. In the T21 group, the predominant proportion of pregnant women (45.76%) exhibited Z-scores between 5 and 10, accompanied by a PPV of 77.78%. For those with Z-scores above 10 (23.73%), the PPV was 85.71%. Pregnant women with Z-scores between 3 and 5 exhibited a PPV of 16.67%. In the T18 group, the majority of women (52.00%) exhibited Z-scores ranging from 3 to 5, with a PPV of 33.85%. In the T13 group, all women had Z-scores between 5 and 10, with a PPV of 40.00%.ConclusionsNIPT exhibits elevated PPVs for T21 and T18. Moreover, the detection efficacy of NIPT differs across several clinical indication categories. The PPV performance of NIPT for T21/T18/T13 is associated with Z-scores. These results provide valuable guidance for clinicians in prenatal consultation and interpretation of NIPT results.
Exploring Potential Drug Targets in Multiple Cardiovascular Diseases: A Study Based on Proteome‐Wide Mendelian Randomization and Colocalization Analysis
Authors: Fan Maoxia , Li Na , Huang Libin , Chen Chen , Dong Xueyan , Gao Wulin 
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) encompass a group of diseases that affect the heart and/or blood vessels, making them the leading cause of global mortality. In our study, we performed proteome‐wide Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses to identify novel therapeutic protein targets for CVDs and evaluate the potential drug‐related protein side effects.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive proteome‐wide MR study to assess the causal relationship between plasma proteins and the risk of CVDs. Summary‐level data for 4907 circulating protein levels were extracted from a large‐scale protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) study involving 35,559 individuals. Additionally, genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data for CVDs were extracted from the UK Biobank and the Finnish database. Colocalization analysis was utilized to identify causal variants shared between plasma proteins and CVDs. Finally, we conducted a comprehensive phenome‐wide association study (PheWAS) using the R10 version of the Finnish database. This study was aimed at examining the potential drug‐related protein side effects in the treatment of CVDs. A total of 2408 phenotypes were included in the analysis, categorized into 44 groups.Results: The research findings indicate the following associations: (1) In coronary artery disease (CAD), the plasma proteins A4GNT, COL6A3, KLC1, CALB2, KPNA2, MSMP, and ADH1B showed a positive causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). LAYN and GCKR exhibited a negative causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). (2) In chronic heart failure (CHF), PLG demonstrated a positive causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05), while AZGP1 displayed a negative causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). (3) In ischemic stroke (IS), ALDH2 exhibited a positive causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05), while PELO showed a negative causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). (4) In Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the plasma proteins MCL1, SVEP1, PIP4K2A, RFK, HEXIM2, ALDH2, RAB1A, APOE, ANGPTL4, JAG1, FGFR1, and MLN demonstrated a positive causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). PTPN9, SNUPN, VAT1, COMT, CCL27, BMP7, and MSMP displayed a negative causal relationship (p‐fdr < 0.05). Colocalization analysis conclusively identified that AZGP1, ALDH2, APOE, JAG1, MCL1, PTPN9, PIP4K2A, SNUPN, and RAB1A share a single causal variant with CVDs (PPH3 + PPH4 > 0.8). Further phenotype‐wide association studies have shown some potential side effects of these nine targets (p‐fdr < 0.05).Conclusions: This study identifies plasma proteins with significant causal associations with CVDs, providing a more comprehensive understanding of potential therapeutic targets. These findings contribute to our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and offer insights into potential avenues for treatment.