bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the quality of postoperative rehabilitation in children with cochlear implants based on the theory of knowledge, attitude and practice
Authors: Lin Ken , Zhang Yiyun , Chi Wenyue , Li Xia , Ma Xiuli , Su Dong , Du Yuling , Ma Jing , Zhang Tiesong 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine factors that influence postoperative rehabilitation outcomes in children with cochlear implants, using a knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP) framework.DesignA total of 683 children with cochlear implants participated in this study. Hearing and speech assessments were conducted through face-to-face and/or telephone interviews, while parents’ or guardians’ KAP were assessed following detailed instructions provided beforehand. Responses were recorded meticulously.SettingData were collected through a convenience sampling method at a children’s hospital.ParticipantsOut of 840 questionnaires distributed, 683 completed questionnaires were retained for analysis after excluding responses with missing data.ResultsParents’ average KAP score was 8.03 (SD = 3.13). Household income and education levels directly influenced KAP scores, while certain child characteristics were significantly associated with higher scores on the Infant–Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS). Children who were outgoing (32.29 points), had used a cochlear implant for more than 3 years (32.78 points), and had surgery funded by state support (32.14 points) demonstrated higher MAIS scores. Factors such as personality, monthly family income, surgery funding and parents' beliefs significantly affected rehabilitation outcomes among children.ConclusionParental knowledge about deafness, trust in cochlear implant procedures and healthcare providers, and parental behaviours during the treatment and rehabilitation process have a direct impact on children’s health outcomes. Enhancing parents’ KAP levels is critical to improve rehabilitation outcomes for children with cochlear implants.
Gastric cancer liver metastases in China: a real-world, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study protocol
Authors: Lu Tingting , Gao Yunhe , Zhang Gan , Zhang Haiya , Chen Zhida , Liu Yi , Chen Lin , Xi Hongqing 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionGastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) is a highly heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. The multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model is applied throughout the entire treatment process. In addition to the previous RECORD study, which was based on the C-GCLM classification system developed by our team, there is a lack of recent data on patient baseline characteristics, clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation. A large-scale prospective observational study is necessary to determine the current situation of GCLM treatment in China. The findings of this study may inform the development of relevant healthcare policies, clinical pathways and treatment guidelines.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, non-interventional, observational, multicentre, real-world study designed to monitor the general condition, treatment pattern and prognosis of patients with GCLM. Patients with GCLM were classified into three distinct categories: type I (resectable type), type II (potentially resectable type) and type III (unresectable type). The patients' general information, medical history, imaging results, laboratory tests, surgical and systemic therapy details will be recorded and subjected to analysis. The 2-year overall survival (OS) will be recorded as the primary endpoint. The different therapeutic modalities employed in the treatment of GCLM, including surgery, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, will be recorded as secondary endpoints. Additionally, the effects of these therapies on prognosis, including OS of type I, II and III; R0 resection and disease-free survival of type I; and successful conversion rate and R0 resection rate and event-free survival of type II will be documented.Ethics and disseminationThis study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital (no. S2023-724-02) and will be conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Study findings will be disseminated through international peer-reviewed journal articles as well as public, academic presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT06493448; ChiCTR2400083955.
Treatment of e-cigarette use among hospitalised adolescents and young adults: a protocol for intervention development and evaluation of preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes in a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wooten Shelbie , Catley Delwyn , Miller Melissa K , Wilson Karen , Richter Kimber P , Masonbrink Abbey 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionHospitalisation represents an opportunity to identify and treat e-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Knowledge on how to provide this care is lacking. We aim to fill this gap by developing an e-cigarette use intervention and evaluating preliminary efficacy and implementation outcomes among hospitalised AYAs.Methods and analysisWe will enrol 144 hospitalised AYAs (14–21 years) who report past 30-day e-cigarette use and randomise 2:1 to intervention or control arms. We will develop an evidence-based intervention that includes education, motivational interviewing, quit planning and nicotine replacement therapy prescription offered confidentially in person during the hospital stay and 4 weekly phone booster sessions. Control participants will receive brief advice and quit programme resources. We will assess self-reported demographics, e-cigarette use behaviours, nicotine dependence, motivation and confidence to quit at baseline and postintervention. Our primary outcome is self-reported 30-day point prevalence e-cigarette abstinence at the 3-month follow-up with biochemical salivary cotinine confirmation. Our secondary implementation outcomes are feasibility, acceptability and fidelity. We will assess our primary outcome using a generalised linear model assuming an underlying binomial distribution and logit link function. X2(categorical variables) and Wilcoxon rank-sum (continuous variables) tests will be used to assess differences between groups.Ethics and disseminationCareful consideration will be given to ethical recruitment and implementation of all elements of the study. Our study protocol and documents will be reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the affiliated academic institution. Only approved study team members will access participant data, and all data will be managed in accordance with institutional review board and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements. Study results will be disseminated to our public committee, youth research advisory board, to relevant stakeholders and through publication.Trial registration numberNCT05936099; registered on 30 June 2023. Study recruitment and enrolment began in August 2023 and is ongoing.
First pass effect in patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: subgroup analysis of the prospective international ASSIST registry
Authors: Hoffman Haydn , Miralbes Salvador , Naravetla Bharath , Spiotta Alejandro M , Loehr Christian , Martínez-Galdámez Mario , McTaggart Ryan A , Defreyne Luc , Vega Pedro , Zaidat Osama O , Price Lori Lyn , Liebeskind David S , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Gupta Rishi , Goyal Nitin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundStudies have described a first pass effect (FPE) where patients with successful recanalization after one pass experience better outcomes. Few studies have evaluated this in patients with large core infarctions.ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with large core infarcts undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in which first pass reperfusion is achieved experience improved outcomes compared with those who undergo more than one pass.MethodsThe ASSIST Registry, a prospective, global, multicenter registry of patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy was used. Adults with internal carotid artery/M1/M2 occlusions and preprocedural Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) <6 were included. The variable of interest was number of thrombectomy passes (dichotomized to 1 or >1) performed for the target occlusion. The primary outcome was 90-day good functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–3.Results150 patients with a mean age of 66 years were included. Most patients had ASPECTS of 4 (33%) or 5 (59%). 77 patients (51%) underwent one pass. Compared with patients with one pass, those with more than one pass had significantly lower odds of good functional outcome (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.93; P=0.03). More than one pass was not significantly associated with 90-day mRS score 0–2 (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.15 to 1.43; P=0.17) or mortality (OR=2.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 5.08; P=0.13). FPE (one pass eTICI≥2c) and modified FPE (one pass extended thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b50) were not significantly associated with 90-day mRS 0–3, mortality, or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.ConclusionThis analysis suggests that use of multiple passes is associated with worse outcomes in patients with large core infarcts.
Efficacy and safety of the PHIL embolic agent in the treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: results of the PHIL-dAVF study
Authors: Marnat Gaultier , Barreau Xavier , Januel Anne-Christine , Spelle Laurent , Piotin Michel , Mounayer Charbel , Borota Ljubisa , González Alejandro , Casasco Alfredo , Keston Peter , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Cronqvist Mats , Holtmannspötter Markus , Guimaraens Leopoldo , Boccardi Edoardo , Valvassori Luca , Espinosa de Rueda Mariano , Cognard Christophe 
Published: January 2025

Background and PurposeEmbolization is the first-line treatment for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF). The precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) embolic agent is a non-adhesive copolymer with specific features and endovascular behavior. This study assessed its safety and efficacy in a prospective real-life cohort.MethodsThe PHIL-dAVF study was a prospective single-arm open-label observational multicenter study conducted between October 2017 and November 2019 in 14 European centers. Patients with a single intracranial dAVF intended for PHIL embolization were included. Previously partially treated or multiple dAVFs were excluded. Additional devices and embolic agents were permitted as complementary techniques or second-line strategies. Primary endpoints were functional outcome changes from baseline and complete cure rate at 3–6 months after the last embolization. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AE) incidence.ResultsA total of 67 patients (77 endovascular procedures; 70.1% men, mean age 61±14 years) were included. Most DAVFs were unruptured (71.6%), located in the transverse/sigmoid sinus (53.7%) and Cognard grade III or IV (56.7%). Sixty patients (89.6%) received one single embolization. Additional devices were used in 31.2% of procedures. Complete angiographic cure rate was 86.9% at the 3–6 month DSA follow-up after the last endovascular treatment. At least one AE was recorded in 37.3% of patients during follow-up, of which 52.9% were related to the procedure. The procedural rates of AE and serious AE were 32.5% and 15.6%, respectively. Five AEs were related to PHIL. Transient functional deterioration occurred in three patients (4.5%), all resolved by the last follow-up.ConclusionThe PHIL-dAVF study provides evidence about the efficacy and safety of PHIL in the treatment of intracranial dAVFs, with outcomes comparable to existing liquid embolic agents reported in the literature.
Interplay of NF-κB and PPAR-γ transcription factors in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Durmus Sinem , Sahin Sezgin , Adrovic Amra , Barut Kenan , Gelisgen Remise , Uzun Hafize , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveJuvenile SLE (jSLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of high levels of autoantibodies, predominantly targeting nuclear antigens, resulting in a breakdown of self-tolerance. However, its pathogenesis is multifactorial and poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) as biomarkers for jSLE.MethodsIn this study, serum NF-κB and PPAR-γ levels were determined by immunoassay in 42 patients with jSLE. In addition, 19 juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) and 25 age-matched healthy children were selected as patient control and healthy control, respectively.ResultsSerum NF-κB levels in patients with jSLE demonstrated a positive trend towards elevation compared with the controls with no significant difference (p=0.030). In addition, serum NF-κB levels in patients with jSSc were significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (p=0.005). Serum PPAR-γ levels were tend to be lower in both patients with jSLE and jSSc compared with the controls, with no significant difference. Specifically, NF-κB levels were significantly higher in patients with jSLE with cumulative damage (PedSDI≥1) compared with those without, at p=0.044. Logistic regression showed that PPAR-γ levels lower than 2.42 ng/mL were associated with the development of jSLE (OR 7.59) and lower than 2.16 ng/mL for jSSc (OR 10.90). The combined high levels of NF-κB with low PPAR-γ increased the risk of developing jSSc by 21.33-fold.ConclusionsThe observed trend of elevated NF-κB levels and decreased PPAR-γ levels in our study suggests their potential as biomarkers associated with increased proinflammatory signalling in jSLE and jSSc. However, our findings must be regarded as hypothesis-generating and confirmed in larger datasets. Moreover, their roles in monitoring the course of a disease and guiding therapeutic strategies in juvenile systemic autoimmune diseases need to be clearly investigated. Further extension of these findings may lead to better management and improvement in the outcomes of such patients.
Deciphering risk factors for severe postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster: an interpretable machine learning approach
Authors: Park Soo Jung , Han Jinseon , Choi Jong Bum , Min Sang Kee , Park Jungchan , Choi Suein 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication of herpes zoster (HZ). This study aimed to use a large real-world electronic medical records database to determine the optimal machine learning model for predicting the progression to severe PHN and to identify the associated risk factors.MethodsWe analyzed the electronic medical records of 23,326 patients diagnosed with HZ from January 2010 to June 2020. PHN was defined as pain persisting for ≥90 days post-HZ, based on diagnostic and prescription codes. Five machine learning algorithms were compared with select the optimal predictive model and a subsequent risk factor analysis was conducted.ResultsOf the 23,326 patients reviewed, 8,878 met the eligibility criteria for the HZ cohort. Among these, 801 patients (9.0%) progressed to severe PHN. Among the various machine learning approaches, XGBoost—an approach that combines multiple decision trees to improve predictive accuracy—performed the best in predicting outcomes (F1 score, 0.351; accuracy, 0.900; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.787). Using this model, we revealed eight major risk factors: older age, female sex, history of shingles and cancer, use of immunosuppressants and antidepressants, intensive initial pain, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. When patients were categorized into low-risk and high-risk groups based on the predictive model, PHN was seven times more likely to occur in the high-risk group (p<0.001).ConclusionsLeveraging machine learning analysis, this study identifies an optimal model for predicting severe PHN and highlights key associated risk factors. This model will enable the establishment of more proactive treatments for high-risk patients, potentially mitigating the progression to severe PHN.
Efficacy of long-acting local anesthetics versus their mixture with shorter-acting local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blocks guided by ultrasound: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Pietroski dos Santos Natanael , Silva Vanessa de Paula , Oliveira Guilherme Stéfano da Silva , Musacchio Victor Cardoso , Carvalho Vanessa Henriques 
Published: January 2025

Background/importanceLocal anesthetic (LA) mixtures are used in peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) to improve onset, though study results remain conflicting.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy outcomes of long-acting LA to their mixture with shorter-acting LA in ultrasound-guided PNB. The primary outcome was sensory block onset.Evidence reviewWe searched WoS, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BVS/LILACS, and Cochrane databases from 1998 to 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis, evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) with RoB 2.0, performed sensitivity analyses, assessed non-reporting bias with DOI plots and Luis Furuya-Kanamori index, and evaluated strength of evidence with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations.FindingsWe included 10 RCTs (516 participants). Mixture of LA may have no effect on sensory block onset (mean difference (MD) −1.62 min, 95% CI: −4.04 to 0.81; I2=81.50%, 95% CI: 62.82% to 90.80%; prediction interval (PI)=−7.78 to 4.55; very low certainty) and motor block onset (MD −5.60 min; 95% CI: −14.54 to 3.33, I2=98.89%, 95% CI: 98.50% to 99.18%; PI=−31.90 to 20.69; very low certainty), while it may reduce the duration of sensory block (MD −2.16 hours, 95% CI: −4.16 to −0.17; I2=90.77%, 95% CI: 84.22% to 94.60%; PI=−7.24 to 2.92; very low certainty).ConclusionsLA mixtures may not affect sensory and motor block onset in ultrasound-guided PNB but could shorten the duration of sensory blockade.
Field surveys of chickpea plant damage and association with biotic and abiotic factors in Saskatchewan during 2021–2023
Authors: Marchesini Victoria A. , Hubbard Michelle , Sharpe Shaun , Schoenau Jeff , Hossain Zakir , Tenuta Mario , Pereira Fernanda Gouvea , Phelps Sherrilyn , Anderson Sarah , Brown Mike 
Published: January 2025

A chickpea health issue was first noted in July 2019 in southwest Saskatchewan, Canada. Surveys of commercial chickpea fields were undertaken in 2021, 2022, and 2023 to investigate the potential roles of herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, seed treatments, inoculants, nutrients, nematodes, drought stress, and chickpea cultivars on severity of plant damage. Fields to which herbicide containing the active ingredient metribuzin had been applied had more severe symptoms compared to fields to which it had not. Seed treatment with Apron Advance (active ingredients thiabendazole, fludioxinil, and metalaxyl) was associated with more severe symptoms than treatment with Vibrance Maxx (sedaxane, fludioxonil, and metalaxyl). No effects of rhizobial inoculation of chickpea seed was observed. Fields in which lentil or canola preceded chickpea had higher severity of aboveground plant damage compared to fields in which chickpea followed barley or durum. No significant correlation was found between severity of plant damage and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chloride in plant tissues. A significant negative correlation ( P < 0.05) was found between potassium (K) concentration and severity, especially in 2023. There was a significant positive correlation ( P < 0.05) between severity of plant damage and the amount of P fertilizer applied. Plant ectoparasitic nematodes Paratylenchus and Helicotylenchus species were detected. Paratylenchus species abundance was very high in some fields. Although no clear diagnosis of the causal agent(s) of plant damage was made, crop rotation, metribuzin herbicide application, seed treatments, plant K concentrations, P fertilization, and co-occurrence of stressors may exacerbate the plant and foliar symptoms observed.
Capacidade de sprints repetidos em jovens futebolistas: efeitos da maturação esquelética, crescimento e aptidão aeróbia
Authors: Teixeira Anderson Santiago , Silva Juliano Fernandes da , Salvador Paulo Cesar do Nascimento , Santos Priscila Cristina dos , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci 
Published: January 2025

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a contribuição da capacidade de endurance intermitente, idade cronológica, maturação esquelética, tamanho e composição corporal nas variações interindividuais do desempenho em sprints repetidos em adolescentes jogadores de futebol. Participaram do presente estudo 35 jogadores de futebol (idade: 14,9 ± 0,6 anos) de um clube de futebol profissional da Série A do campeonato brasileiro. As avaliações antropométricas e determinação da idade esquelética (método Fels) foram realizadas inicialmente em todos os jogadores (semana 1). As avaliações antropométricas incluíram as medidas de massa corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas (tricipital e subescapular). As dobras cutâneas foram somadas para fornecer um índice de adiposidade subcutânea. Os participantes realizaram o teste de Carminatti (T-CAR) para a avaliação da capacidade de endurance intermitente (representada pelo pico de velocidade no T-CAR [PVT-CAR]) e um protocolo (6 x 20+20 m) para avaliar a capacidade de sprints repetidos (RSA: melhor tempo [MTRSA] e tempo médio [TMRSA]) (semana 2). Correlações de Pearson e análises de regressão múltipla foram utilizadas para verificar a relação das variáveis independentes com o desempenho em sprints repetidos. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. A idade cronológica, a idade esquelética e o PVT-CAR foram positivamente correlacionados com o MTRSA (r=0,42, 0,46 e 0,38; p<0,05) e TMRSA (r=0,53, 0,45 e 0,52; p<0,05), respectivamente. Além disso, a massa corporal e a adiposidade foram preditoras negativas do desempenho em sprints repetidos. As variáveis independentes explicaram 39% e 49% da variação interindividual do MTRSA e TMRSA, respectivamente. Em conclusão, a maturação esquelética, tamanho corporal, adiposidade, idade cronológica e a capacidade de endurance intermitente apresentaram associação de forma independente com a capacidade de sprints repetidos em jovens futebolistas.