bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Captopril attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation implicated in cisplatin-induced cognitive deficits in rats
Authors: Mostafa Fatma , Mantawy Eman M. , Said Riham S. , Azab Samar S. , El-Demerdash Ebtehal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Rationale
One of the most debilitating drawbacks of cisplatin chemotherapy is neurotoxicity which elicits memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction (chemobrain). This is primarily triggered by oxidative stress and inflammation. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, has been reported as a neuroprotective agent owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Objective
We examined the possible neuroprotective effect of captopril against cisplatin-induced neurological and behavioral abnormalities in rats.

Methods
Chemobrain was induced in rats by cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 7th and 14th days of the study while captopril was administered orally (25 mg/kg) daily for three weeks. The effects of captopril were assessed by performing behavioral tests, histological examination, and evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.

Results
Cisplatin caused learning/memory dysfunction assessed by passive avoidance and Y-maze tests, decline in locomotion, and rotarod motor balance loss which were further verified by neurodegeneration observed in histological examination. Also, cisplatin aggravated oxidative stress by elevating lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels and diminishing catalase activity. Moreover, cisplatin upregulated the neuroinflammatory markers (TNF, IL-6, GFAP, and NF-κB). Captopril successfully ameliorated cisplatin damage on the levels of neurobehavioral and histopathological changes. Mechanistically, captopril significantly diminished MDA production and preserved catalase antioxidant activity. Captopril also counteracted neuroinflammation through inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream proinflammatory cytokines besides repressing astrocyte activity by reducing GFAP expression.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that captopril could abrogate cisplatin neurotoxicity via reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation thus enhancing cognitive and behavioral performance. This could suggest the repurposing of captopril as a neuroprotective agent, especially in hypertensive cancer patients receiving cisplatin.
The fate of the rectum in ulcerative colitis at index surgery and beyond—a contemporary cohort
Authors: Stephens Ian J. B. , Murphy Brenda , McCawley Niamh , McNamara Deborah A. , Burke John P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Proctectomy is frequently deferred at index colectomy for ulcerative colitis due to acuity or immunosuppressive treatments. The retained rectum remains symptomatic in over 50% with associated cancer risk. Management options include index or delayed proctectomy with or without restoration of continuity or surveillance. Comparative studies of perioperative outcomes and reasons for retaining the rectum are lacking.

Methods
This 13-year retrospective cohort assesses the fate of the rectum in 168 ulcerative colitis patients by analysing index proctectomy, staged proctectomy and retained rectal remnant determinants and outcomes. The primary outcome was the fate of the rectum. Secondary analysis included perioperative morbidity, length of stay and decision-making determinants.

Results
Proctectomy was performed in 69% of patients, with 16.1% at index surgery. Restorative surgery rate was 44%. Index proctectomy patients were older (54 vs 37 years, p < 0.01), more co-morbid (59.3% vs 38.2%, p = 0.04) and likely to have elective surgery (81.5% vs 21.3%, p < 0.01) or neoplasia (33.3% vs 1.1%, p < 0.01). Outcomes after staged proctectomy were comparable, with age influencing restoration of continuity (33.5 vs 46 years, p < 0.01). Younger patients were indecisive on proctectomy, while those opting for endoscopic surveillance were older (median 65 years, p < 0.01), had more complications (64.3%, p = 0.23) and prolonged hospitalisation (median 15 days, p = 0.02) at colectomy.

Conclusions
Index proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis is infrequently performed. Perioperative outcomes of restorative and non-restorative staged proctectomy are comparable. Perioperative experience at colectomy may influence patient decisions regarding future management of their rectum.
Wall slip and bulk flow heterogeneity in a sludge under shear
Authors: Castel Sébastien , Poulesquen Arnaud , Manneville Sébastien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the shear flow of a sludge mimicking slurries produced by the nuclear industry and constituted of a dispersion of non-Brownian particles into an attractive colloidal dispersion at a total solid volume fraction of about 10 %. Combining rheometry and ultrasound flow imaging, we show that, upon decreasing the shear rate, the flow transitions from a homogeneous shear profile in the bulk to a fully arrested plug-like state with total wall slip, through an oscillatory regime where strong fluctuations of the slip velocity propagate along the vorticity direction. When the shear stress is imposed close to the yield stress, the shear rate presents large, quasi-periodic peaks, associated with the propagation of local stick-and-slip events along the vorticity direction. Such complex dynamics, reminiscent of similar phenomena reported in much denser suspensions, highlight the importance of local flow characterization to fully understand sludge rheology.
The medico-legal interpretation of diatom findings for the diagnosis of fatal drowning: a systematic review
Authors: Tyr Alexander , Lunetta Philippe , Zilg Brita , Winskog Carl , Heldring Nina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The diagnostic use of the diatom test for drowning has been under investigation for more than a century. Despite continuing research, its true usefulness remains controversial and under debate. Data regarding the extent to which diatoms can penetrate the lungs and other organs of drowning victims are conflicting; similar discrepancies exist as to the presence of diatoms in the organs of living individuals; and as to the occurrence of postmortem (PM) contamination. To shed light on current understanding, we conducted a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to investigate how the presence of diatoms PM may be interpreted during medico-legal investigations of drowning. Following sequential screening of records based on our predetermined eligibility criteria, we assessed scientific evidence and risk of bias by use of the SPICOT framework. A total of 17 studies reporting diatom concentrations in victims of drowning, in non-drowned controls, and in non-drowned immersed controls were eligible for this review. Our findings suggest that diatom testing may be of use in medico-legal investigations, although its evidentiary value remains uncertain because both quantitative and qualitative results from the literature are insufficiently comparable. Variations in study design, methodology and reporting approach also fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance of false-positive and false-negative results. Further research is warranted on antemortem and PM contamination, and on standardized autopsy and laboratory procedures, as well as on automated and certified diatom-counting and -identification systems. Moreover, since diatom taxonomy lies outside the specialty of forensic medicine, we underscore that collaboration with expert diatomologists is necessary for analysis and interpretation. Until these issues are adequately addressed, the evidentiary value of diatom testing for the diagnosis of drowning will continue to remain elusive and contentious.
Efficacy of the Roy Adaptation Model with smartphone training in reducing urinary tract infection in pediatric clean intermittent catheterization: a prospective study
Authors: Sari Canan , Kalyoncu Mukaddes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Study aimed to compare incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI), type of bacteria grown, development of antibiotic resistance over 2 years in children whose caregivers underwent training based on the Roy Adaptation Model with an android phone application for patients clean intermittent catheterization (RAMACIC) versus those whose caregivers received routine training in hospital.

Method
This study was conducted as a descriptive, prospective study with 40 patients and caregivers between October 2021 and 2023 as a continuation of a previously conducted randomized controlled experimental study by the researchers. Data were collected the “Participant Form,” and “Urine Test Form” analyzed with the SPSS 22 package. Descriptive data were determined by number (n), percentage (%), mean, and standard deviation. The frequency of UTI between the two groups was determined by the Chi-square test, and the effect size of the data was determined by Cramer’s V value of the Chi-square test.

Results
A significant reduction in UTI incidence among children of RAMACIC-trained caregivers during the first, second, third, and fourth 6-month periods compared with those under routine CIC training was observed (p < 0.05). It was determined that E. coli was the most frequently grown bacteria in both groups, with a higher rate in the group receiving routine training in the hospital, and antibiotic resistance was higher in the group receiving routine training in the hospital compared with RAMACIC.

Conclusion
RAMACIC, when administered to caregivers, effectively lowers the long-term risk of UTI development in patients undergoing CIC, also effective in reducing the antibiotic resistance that developed in patients.
A community-based intervention (the Omama Project) improves neurodevelopment in impoverished 2-year-old Roma children: a quasi-experimental observational study
Authors: Fernandes M. , Matuskova O. , Babelova R. , Santosa W. B. , Shaw O. , Hrica P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High rates of childhood neurodisability are reported among the Roma, Europe’s largest ethnic minority community. Interventions targeting early child development (ECD) during the first 2 years of life can improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in vulnerable children; however, evidence from Roma preschoolers is scarce. In a quasi-experimental observational study, we compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years, measured on the INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopmental Assessment (INTER-NDA), between Roma children receiving a community-based ECD intervention (RI, n = 98), and age- and sex-matched Roma and non-Roma children (RC, n = 99 and NRC, n = 54, respectively) who did not receive the intervention in Eastern Slovakia. The intervention was delivered between 3 weeks and 20 months in weekly home-based sessions by trained Roma women from matched settlements to RIs. Compared with RC, RI had higher 2-year cognitive (B = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04, 0.25), language (B = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11, 0.38) and fine motor (B = 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.16) scores. After adjustment for covariates, cognitive delay decreased by 88% in RI compared with RC (aOR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03, 0.53). Linear growth at 24 months was a key predictor of developmental scores for both groups (range, B = 0.04–0.14; 95% CI, 0.01, 0.07 and 0.09, 0.20).

Conclusions: Our results highlight that, without directly intervening on nutritional and poverty status, a community-based ECD intervention, delivered by trained Roma women to Roma children, can significantly improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years.

What is Known:• The Roma are Europe’s largest ethnic minority. High rates of neurodisability, malnutrition and poverty are reported in Roma preschoolers.• Optimal early child development (ECD) is foundational to lifecourse health and wellbeing. Early interventions improve ECD outcomes in vulnerable children; however, evidence from Roma communities is limited.

What is New:• The Omama project is a community-based ECD intervention, delivered by trained Roma women to Roma children aged 3 weeks to 20 months living in impoverished settlements in Eastern Slovakia.• Roma children receiving the intervention had (i) higher cognitive, language and fine motor scores and (ii) lower rates of cognitive delay compared with controls.
Integration von Umwelt‑, Sozial- und Polit-Aspekten in die Abläufe der Abbauplanung
Authors: Haindl Angelika 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Abbau von Rohstoffen ist ein grundlegender Aspekt der menschlichen Gesellschaft seit ihren frühesten Anfängen. Dabei liegt der aktuelle Fokus auf dem Einbinden des Begriffes ‚Nachhaltigkeit‘. Die Abbauplanung stellte schon immer einen wichtigen und zentralen Prozess im Bergbau dar. Eine aktuelle Studie an der Montanuniversität konzentriert sich auf einen Ansatz zur Integration von Umwelt‑, Sozial- und Polit-Aspekten (ESG) in den Abbauplanungsprozess. Es werden mehrere Indizes definiert und verwendet, um den Nettobarwert (NPV) zu einem transformierten „Sozialem NPV“ zu erweitern. In einer Analyse und einer Fallstudie wird untersucht, ob solche Aspekte in das Lagerstättenmodell integriert werden können und wie sie die optimale Abbaureihenfolge beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie wichtig die Einbeziehung von ESG in die Bergbauplanung ist, da sie einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die optimale Abbaureihenfolge haben. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Umsetzung flexibel ist, um Iterationen zwischen Bergbauplänen und die Einbeziehung von Richtlinien und Standards, die derzeit entwickelt werden, zu ermöglichen.
Changes in swallowing response on patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Hashida Nao , Suzuki Motoyuki , Hosokawa Kiyohito , Takenaka Yukinori , Fukusumi Takahito , Takemoto Norihiko , Tanaka Hidenori , Kitamura Koji , Eguchi Hirotaka , Umatani Masanori , Kitayama Itsuki , Nozawa Masayuki , Kato Chieri , Okajima Eri , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) often causes dysphagia. The risk of dysphagia increases during CRT tends to become more severe after finishing CRT, and persists for a few weeks thereafter. Thus, understanding the changes in swallowing physiology during and immediately after CRT is essential. This study aimed to clarify the changes in the swallowing response during and early after CRT and identify associated factors.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 107 patients with HNC who underwent CRT. We measured pharyngeal delay time (PDT) and laryngeal elevation delay time (LEDT) as indicators of the timing of the swallowing response at three time points: at CRT initiation (baseline), at 40-Gy irradiation during CRT (mid-CRT) and within 2 weeks following the completion of CRT (early post-CRT) as primary outcomes; and subgroup analyses based on clinical parameters, such as tumor sites, T stage, N stage, and opioid use at 40-Gy irradiation as secondary outcomes.

Results
Both PDT and LEDT were significantly prolonged between baseline and mid-CRT (PDT: p = 0.003, LEDT: p = 0.002) and between baseline and early post-CRT (PDT, p = 0.001; LEDT, p < 0.001). N2c/N3 and opioid use at 40-Gy irradiation showed prolonged PDT and LEDT at mid-CRT and early post-CRT.

Conclusion
PDT and LEDT were prolonged at mid-CRT irradiation and further extended at early post-CRT. Additionally, N2c/N3 involvement, which typically necessitates bilateral neck irradiation fields and opioid use at mid-CRT, may constitute as risk factors for a delayed swallowing response.
Adverse health outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among long-term adolescent and young adult (AYA) brain tumour survivors: results from the population-based SURVAYA study
Authors: Angoumis Konstantinos , Padilla Catarina S. , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C. M. , Bijlsma Rhodé M. , Kaal Suzanne E. J. , Tromp Jacqueline M. , Bos Monique E. M. M. , van der Hulle Tom , Broen Martinus P. G. , Nuver Janine , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Pauge Sophie , Husson Olga 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) malignant brain tumour (BT) survivors are at risk of adverse health outcomes, which may impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aimed to investigate the (1) prevalence of physical and psychological adverse health outcomes, (2) the HRQoL, and (3) the association of adverse health outcomes and HRQoL among long-term AYA-BT survivors. Adverse health outcomes and HRQoL were compared to other AYA cancer (AYAC) survivors.

Methods
A cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the SURVAYA study among 133 AYA-BT and 3877 AYAC survivors was conducted. Participant self-reported adverse health outcomes and HRQoL scores were analysed and compared between the two populations. Associations with HRQoL were assessed using linear regression modelling with AIC-based backward elimination.

Results
AYA-BT survivors faced significant issues of fatigue (47.6%), future uncertainty (45.2%), and medical conditions like vision (34.4%), speech, taste, or smell (26.2%) impairments, cancer recurrence, and metastasis (25.4%). Neurocognitive symptoms were identified as BT-specific issues (13.6–33.6%). Compared to AYAC survivors, AYA-BT survivors reported significantly (p < 0.05) lower functioning scores on the role, cognitive, emotional, and social HRQoL, with cognitive (56.0%) and emotional (40.0%) domains being the most affected. Adverse health outcomes were negatively associated with HRQoL, ranging from small to large clinical relevance.

Conclusion
Long-term AYA-BT survivors were identified as a highly burdened population, affected by multifaceted issues and multidimensional detriments in HRQoL years beyond their cancer diagnosis. This study highlights the necessity of long-term follow-up and a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to survivorship care to ultimately improve the quality of AYA-BT survivorship.
Groundwater temperatures downstream from a large-scale geothermal collector system (LSC) in Bad Nauheim, Germany
Authors: Rammler Mario , Bertermann David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of horizontal geothermal systems on groundwater temperature has not been studied in detail due to their generally shallow installation depth. However, interactions between very shallow geothermal systems and groundwater are expected, especially at short groundwater distances. In this study, the effects of a large-scale geothermal collector system (LSC) in Bad Nauheim (Hesse, Germany) on the downstream shallow groundwater were analysed. For this purpose, subsurface and groundwater temperatures were measured over a period of two years. The results showed that in the immediate downstream area, the maximum degree of cooling of the groundwater temperature was between 4.2 and 5.2 K with a minimum temperature of 5.2 °C. Consequently, the presence of a temperature plume was demonstrated, whereby a significant regeneration of the subsurface temperature in comparison to measured values within the LSC area was also observed.
Dynamic X-ray Microtomography vs. Laser-Doppler Vibrometry: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ivanovic Aleksandra , Cheng Jeffrey Tao , Schmeltz Margaux , Wimmer Wilhelm , Schlepuetz Christian M. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Bonnin Anne , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
There are challenges in understanding the biomechanics of the human middle ear, and established methods for studying this system show significant limitations. In this study, we evaluate a novel dynamic imaging technique based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography designed to assess the biomechanical properties of the human middle ear by comparing it to laser-Doppler vibrometry (LDV).

Methods
We examined three fresh-frozen temporal bones (TB), two donated by white males and one by a Black female, using dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography for 256 and 512 Hz, stimulated at 110 dB and 120 dB sound pressure level (SPL). In addition, we performed measurements on these TBs using 1D LDV, a well-established method.

Results
The normalized displacement values (µm/Pa) at the umbo and the posterior crus of the stapes are consistent or within 5–10 dB differences between all LDV and dynamic microtomography measurements and previously reported literature references. In general, the overall behavior is similar between the two measurement techniques.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our results demonstrate the suitability of dynamic synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography in studying the middle ear’s biomechanics. However, this study shows that better standardization regarding acoustic stimulation and measurement points is needed to better compare the two measurement techniques.
Comparative application of MAFLD and MASLD diagnostic criteria on NAFLD patients: insights from a single-center cohort
Authors: Elsabaawy Maha , Naguib Madiha , Abuamer Ahmed , Shaban Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and Metabolic Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) aim to refine the classification of fatty liver diseases previously grouped under Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). This study evaluates the applicability of the MAFLD and MASLD frameworks in NAFLD patients, exploring their clinical utility in identifying high-risk patients. A total of 369 NAFLD patients were assessed using MAFLD and MASLD diagnostic criteria. Baseline characteristics, metabolic profiles, hepatic fibrosis, and cardiovascular risks were compared across the groups. Among NAFLD patients, 97.55% (n = 359) met MASLD criteria, and 97.01% (n = 357) fulfilled MAFLD criteria. Both frameworks MAFLD and MASLD captured overlapping populations, with MASLD encompassing slightly more cases. No significant differences were observed in metabolic risk factors, fibrosis indices (APRI, FIB-4, NAFLD fibrosis score), or cardiovascular risk (10-year ASCVD score). A small subset of lean NAFLD patients (10 cases) with distinct profiles remained uncategorized by either framework. Pure NAFLD cases (n = 10) were with mild insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: 3.07 ± 0.33) and slightly elevated LDL (102.5 ± 42.87 mg/dL), while fibrosis indices indicated low fibrosis risk. Steatosis indices supported the diagnosis of early-stage NAFLD with preserved liver function. These patients do not meet the criteria for inclusion in the MAFLD or MASLD frameworks, highlighting a gap in the current diagnostic systems. MAFLD and MASLD criteria align closely with NAFLD in capturing patients with metabolic risk with MASLD-enhanced inclusivity. Further refinement is required to address heterogeneity, particularly in lean NAFLD patients. Hypertension prevalence was comparable (17.4% in NAFLD, 18.2% in MAFLD, 17.8% in MASLD; p = 0.960), as was diabetes mellitus (36.7%, 37.8%, and 37.6%, respectively; p = 0.945). Body mass index was also similar across groups, with medians of 33.25, 33.6, and 33.4 kg/m2 (p = 0.731). Non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis, including APRI, FIB-4, and NAFLD fibrosis scores, did not differ significantly, with median FIB-4 scores around 1.05 (p = 0.953). Similarly, were the results of hepatic steatosis index and ASCVD score.