bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of posterior laryngeal cleft: a 10-year experience in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: El-Sobki Ahmed , Baz Hemmat , Ibrahim Reham AE , El Deeb Mohamed E , El-Kholy Noha Ahmed , Ashraf Bassem , Hashish Menna Ibrahim , Negm Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to present experience with surgical treatment of laryngeal cleft cases through both open and endoscopic approaches.MethodA retrospective evaluation of all patients diagnosed as having a laryngeal cleft in a tertiary hospital over 10 years was performed. Pre-operative data, conservative and surgical management of cases, and outcomes were collected, tabulated and analysed.ResultsThis study included 43 patients aged from 2 to 44 months with a median of 9.19 months. Concerning management technique, 12 patients had conservative treatment and the remaining 31 underwent a surgical procedure (of them, 20 patients underwent endoscopic intervention and 11 had the open surgical technique). In the open group, we used either tibial periosteum (six cases) or harvested costal cartilage (five cases).ConclusionSurgical management in the form of endoscopic Coblation-assisted or an open approach is indicated in severe cases or mild cases not responding to conservative management.
Two ‘logic’ problems for religious expressivists
Authors: Joaquin Jeremiah Joven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReligious expressivism is the view that religious sentences, like ‘God is all-loving’ and ‘God offers us the gift of salvation’, are devoid of cognitive meaning. Such sentences are not truth-evaluable: they cannot be judged as true or false. In Religious Language, Michael Scott asked what explains the seeming logical behaviour of religious sentences if they are not truth-evaluable, as religious expressivists claim. In particular, religious expressivists need to explain (i) how a given religious sentence and its negation seem inconsistent and (ii) how religious sentences could figure in logically valid arguments. In this article, I develop a version of Weak Kleene semantics that could address these two ‘logic’ challenges.
Emergency Medical Team Response during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis
Authors: Yumiya Yui , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Kayano Ryoma , Hitomi Yoshiaki , Akahoshi Kouki , Kondo Hisayoshi , Wakai Akinori , Mimura Seiji , Chishima Kayako , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Koido Yuichi , Kubo Tatsuhiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction:In the last ten years, Japan has experienced several large-scale earthquakes with devastating social and health impacts. Earthquakes directly and indirectly cause a variety of health problems. Further investigation is required to increase preparedness and preventive efforts. In response to the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on September 6, 2018, 32 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) employed the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a national standard daily reporting template, gathering data on the number and type of health problems treated.Study Objective:The purpose of the study is to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using the J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during the earthquake disaster.Methods:Reported items in J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were analyzed by age, gender, and time to better understand the health issues that have arisen from the earthquake.Results:Most consultations (721; 97.6%) occurred between Day 1 and Day 13 of the 32-day EMT response. During the response period, disaster stress-related symptoms were the most common health event (15.2%), followed by wounds (14.5%) and skin diseases (7.0%).Conclusion:The most often reported health event during the response period was stress-associated illnesses related to disasters, followed by wounds and skin conditions. The health consequences of natural disasters depend on diverse local environment and population. As a result, this initial study was hard to generalize; however, it is expected that data accumulated using the J-SPEED system in the future will strengthen and extend the conclusions.
What counts? Adding nuance to retail food environment measurement tools in a Canadian context
Authors: Ferdinands Alexa Rae , Brown Jennifer Ann , Nielsen Charlene C , Nykiforuk Candace IJ , Raine Kim D 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjective:Limitations of traditional geospatial measures, like the modified Retail Food Environment Index (mRFEI), are well documented. In response, we aimed to: (1) extend existing food environment measures by inductively developing subcategories to increase the granularity of healthy v. less healthy food retailers; (2) establish replicable coding processes and procedures; and (3) demonstrate how a food retailer codebook and database can be used in healthy public policy advocacy.Design:We expanded the mRFEI measure such that ‘healthy’ food retailers included grocery stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, wholesalers, bulk food stores, produce outlets, butchers, delis, fish and seafood shops, juice/smoothie bars, and fresh and healthy quick-service retailers; and ‘less healthy’ food retailers included fast-food restaurants, convenience stores, coffee shops, dollar stores, pharmacies, bubble tea restaurants, candy stores, frozen dessert restaurants, bakeries, and food trucks. Based on 2021 government food premise licences, we used geographic information systems software to evaluate spatial accessibility of healthy and less healthy food retailers across census tracts and in proximity to schools, calculating differences between the traditional v. expanded mRFEI.Setting:Calgary and Edmonton, Canada.Participants:N/A.Results:Of the 10 828 food retailers geocoded, 26 % were included using traditional mRFEI measures, while 53 % were included using our expanded categorisation. Changes in mean mRFEI across census tracts were minimal, but the healthfulness of food environments surrounding schools significantly decreased.Conclusions:Overall, we show how our mRFEI adaptation, and transparent reporting on its use, can promote more nuanced and comprehensive food environment assessments to better support local research, policy and practice innovations.
Modeling pH and Temperature Effects as Climatic Hazards in Vibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Velez K. E. Correa , Leighton R. E. , Decho A. W. , Pinckney J. L. , Norman R. S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClimate‐induced stressors, such as changes in temperature, salinity, and pH, contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases. These changes alter geographical constraint, resulting in increased Vibrio spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater Vibrio‐human interactions. Multiple efforts have been developed to predict Vibrio exposure and raise awareness of health risks, but most models only use temperature and salinity as prediction factors. This study aimed to better understand the potential effects of temperature and pH on V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus planktonic and biofilm growth. Vibrio strains were grown in triplicate at 25°, 30°, and 37°C in 96 well plates containing Modified Seawater Yeast Extract modified with CaCl2 at pH's ranging from 5 to 9.6. AMiGA software was used to model growth curves using Gaussian process regression. The effects of temperature and pH were evaluated using randomized complete block analysis of variance, and the growth rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were modeled using the interpolation fit on the MatLab Curve Fitting Toolbox. Different optimal conditions involving temperature and pH were observed for planktonic and biofilm Vibrio growth within‐ and between‐species. This study showed that temperature and pH factors significantly affect Vibrio planktonic growth rates and V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. Therefore, pH effects must be added to the Vibrio growth modeling efforts to better predict Vibrio risk in estuarine and coastal zones that can potentially experience the cooccurrence of Vibrio and harmful algal bloom outbreak events.
Methanol Concentrations and Biological Methanol Consumption in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Zhuang Guang‐Chao , Mao Shi‐Hai , Liu Jiarui , Li Xiao‐Jun , Liu Qiao , Song Guo‐Dong , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Chen Zhaohui , Montgomery Andrew , Joye Samantha , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMethanol metabolism can play an important role in marine carbon cycling. We made contemporaneous measurements of methanol concentration and consumption rates in the northwest Pacific Ocean to constrain the pathways and dynamics of methanol cycling. Methanol was detected in relatively low concentrations (<12–391 nM), likely due to rapid biological turnover. Rates of methanol oxidation to CO2 (0.9–130.5 nmol L−1 day−1) were much higher than those of assimilation into biomass (0.09–6.8 nmol L−1 day−1), suggesting that >89.7% of methanol was utilized as an energy source. Surface water acted as a net methanol sink at most sites, with an average flux of 9 μmol L−1 day−1. Atmospheric deposition accounted for 22.7% of microbial methanol consumption in the mixed layer, illustrating that the atmosphere is less important than internal processes for driving methanol cycling in these pelagic waters.
Parameterizing Submesoscale Vertical Buoyancy Flux by Simultaneously Considering Baroclinic Instability and Strain‐Induced Frontogenesis
Authors: Zhang Jinchao , Zhang Zhiwei , Qiu Bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOceanic submesoscale processes (submesoscales) with O(1–10) km horizontal scale can generate strong vertical buoyancy flux (VBF) that significantly modulate upper‐ocean stratification. Because submesoscales cannot be resolved by the prevailing ocean models, their VBFs have to be properly parameterized in order to improve model performance. Here, based on theoretical scaling analysis, we propose a new parameterization of submesoscale VBF by simultaneously considering mixed‐layer baroclinic instability (MLI) and strain‐induced frontogenesis, which are two leading generation mechanisms of submesoscales that typically co‐occur in open ocean. Compared with the parameterization of Fox‐Kemper et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jpo3792.1; F08) that only considers the MLI, the new parameterization includes mesoscale strain rate and improves vertical structure function. Diagnostic validations based on submesoscale permitting simulation outputs suggest that the newly parameterized VBFs are more realistic than F08 in regard to three‐dimension distributions. How to incorporate this new parameterization into coarser‐grid ocean models, however, needs further studies.
Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (SAID) Developed Over the Northern Winter Hemisphere at Dawn During 2016–2017
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigated the rare events of sunward (westward) sub‐auroral ion drifts (SAID) development in the dawn magnetic local time (MLT) sector by utilizing horizontal ion velocity measurements collected by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 spacecraft. We surveyed the 2‐year time period of 2016–2017 and found only 15 SAID detections made in the 3–6 MLT sector over the northern winter hemisphere: seven in 2016 and eight in 2017. Results show that the dawnside SAID developed poleward of the ring‐current‐related plasma density trough, called ring ionospheric trough (RIT). With a few inner‐magnetosphere observations, we demonstrated that the favorable conditions were created by (a) the proton/ring current injections occurring across the newly‐formed dawnside plasmapause where (b) the ring current ions became unstable. As a result of (a), the outward SAID electric (E) field developed via short‐circuiting, mapped down to the ionosphere as a poleward E field and drove the sunward (westward) SAID flow in the dawn MLT sector. As a result of (b), a localized heat source developed near the newly‐formed dawnside plasmapause in the hot zone and the resultant downward heat flux led to stable auroral red (SAR) arc development when the electron temperature was sufficiently high. Then, the dawnside SAID flow developed parallel with the RIT and SAR arc.
Shallow Volcano‐Tectonic Structures on the Island of Hawai'i Imaged by Multimode Rayleigh Wave Ambient Noise Tomography
Authors: Wei XiaoZhuo , Shen Yang , Morgan Julia K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeismic tomography of shield volcanoes can be used to better understand its structure, formation, and evolution. Previous tomographic studies on the Island of Hawai'i used body waves from earthquakes and active sources and had limited resolution in the shallow crust. In this study, we obtained the empirical Green Functions (EGFs) and empirical Green Tensors (EGTs) from cross‐correlating and stacking of multiyear seismic ambient noise recorded on the island. The EGFs/EGTs contained fundamental mode and first higher mode Rayleigh waves. The different modes were separated with a new algorithm and their group velocities were measured. Using the group arrival times, we inverted for two‐dimensional group velocity maps, which provide, for the first time, a full coverage of the Island of Hawai'i. From the group velocity maps, we inverted for a three‐dimensional shear wave velocity model, which shows strong lateral variations and yields new insights into the structure and growth of the volcanoes on the island: Kı̄lauea's East Rift Zone has prominent high velocities at all depths, whereas the current rift zones of Mauna Loa are characterized by intermediate to high velocities only at depths greater than 1 km below ground surface, which may be attributed to their relatively short history and less developed state. The flanks of the volcanoes, some cut by fault zones, displayed low velocities at over a range of depths, generally interpreted as consisting of extrusive rocks, which could be further shattered by faulting.
Atmospheric Turbulent Characteristics Under Summer Shamal in Coastal Qatar
Authors: Li Yuan , Sadr Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSummer Shamal, a strong low‐level northwesterly wind in the Middle Eastern, is the major trigger for dust storm activity with a broad impact on regional transport and human safety. However, near‐ground turbulent mixing analysis under Shamal is still rare due to the lack of available high frequency data. The present study explores the near‐surface turbulence characteristics under summer Shamal, compared with those of non‐Shamal, in the coastal region of Qatar (26.08°N, 51.36°E). The results show that Shamal prevents the development of summer sea breezes in the Persian Gulf. A “Shamal day” (SD) is commonly defined as a day with a strong, continuous, north‐northwesterly wind. Compared to non‐Shamal days (NSD), SDs are characterized by higher surface sensible heat flux and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) with lower humidity, especially around noon time. At night, the wind turbulence energy is contained in smaller eddies for SD due to the more stable atmospheric conditions. The streamwise velocity spectra analysis displays a power‐law trend with a coefficient of −1.53 as compared to the traditional Kolmogorov −1.67 (−5/3) power law, indicating a higher TKE dissipation rate for SD. The smaller scatter of the normalized TKE dissipation rate observed for SD is related to lower streamwise turbulence intensity. A Weibull distribution is observed for probability distribution of TKE dissipation rate under SD in log scale for both stable and unstable conditions. This distribution for TKE dissipation rate is different than the results from other field measurements due to Shamal.
Depositional and Diagenetic Processes of Martian Lacustrine Sediments as Revealed at Pahrump Hills by the Mars Hand Lens Imager, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Yingst R. A. , Cowart A. C. , Kah L. C. , Gupta S. , Stack K. , Fey D. , Harker D. , Herkenhoff K. , Minitti M. E. , Rowland S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Murray formation represents fine‐grained sedimentary deposition in lacustrine environments within Gale crater, Mars. Both the overall thickness of the Murray formation and its broad uniformity in sedimentary character suggest the potential for a long‐lived, groundwater‐supported lake system. Rock textures were imaged by the Mars Hand Lens Imager camera at the Pahrump Hills location, which represents the lowermost Murray formation. We analyze data from Pahrump Hills to refine earlier estimates of grain size and grain size distribution, as well as to make detailed observations of diagenetic features and modification of primary sedimentological features. These observations and resulting interpretations provide a detailed look at the dynamic behavior of lake systems on Mars. The lower portions of this exposure are characterized by planar laminated, fine‐grained material; the predominant grain size in this region is smaller than that of very fine sand. Diagenetic mineral precipitation is also prominent in these lower layers, evidenced by likely in situ precipitation of lenticular crystals, preferential cementation of laminae in several layers, precipitation of late‐diagenetic crystal clusters, and secondary modification of previously deposited crystals. The upper portions of this locality are coarser‐grained, varicolored, and contain cross‐stratified features. The variation of these features over a relatively thin stratigraphic interval indicates rapid fluctuation in the hydrodynamic behavior of Gale crater lake, similar to that observed in the shallow‐water regions of terrestrial closed basin lakes.
Quantifying the Effects Sizes of Common Controls on Methane Emissions From an Ombrotrophic Peat Bog
Authors: Taylor M. A. , Bradford M. A. , Arnold W. , Takahashi D. , Colgan T. , Davis V. , Losos D. , Peccia J. , Raymond P. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNorthern wetlands and bogs are a large source of biogenic methane (CH4) to the atmosphere and shape climate. There is then substantial interest in quantifying the effect sizes of controls on bog CH4 emissions. Yet quantification is complicated because wetland emissions are, like the controls that regulate them, spatially and temporarily heterogeneous within individual wetland systems. To account for this heterogeneity, we established 55 measurement plots in a sampling design that had extensive spatial, and repeated temporal, coverage over one ombrotrophic bog. This coverage allowed us to robustly estimate the effect sizes of known environmental controls on CH4 emissions such as temperature, water table depth (WTD), and plant functional composition. As expected, 89% of the cumulative measured flux came from 16% of the plots, with consistently high CH4 emissions over two consecutive growing seasons. Soil temperature exhibited the strongest control on emissions, while WTD and vegetation composition had much smaller relative effects compared to temperature. Interestingly, at high temperatures, WTD was a strong determinant of whether a plot had high versus lower emissions. Despite temperature's large effect size, the controls we measured only explained ∼29% of the variance in CH4 fluxes. Overall, our data confirm observations from other wetlands that CH4 emissions are highly variable at local scales, and yet our data also reveal that effect sizes can be quantified robustly within this heterogeneity. Highly‐replicated, local designs may therefore be useful for generating data that can serve to help refine wetland CH4 emissions uncertainties.
The Dynamics of Megafire Smoke Plumes in Climate Models: Why a Converged Solution Matters for Physical Interpretations
Authors: Guimond S. R. , Reisner J. , Dubey M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the climate system warms, megafires have become more frequent with devastating effects. A byproduct of these events is the creation of smoke plumes that can rise into the stratosphere and spread across the globe where they reside for many months. To gain a deeper understanding of the plume dynamics, global climate simulations of a megafire were performed at a wide range of grid spacings from 2.0° down to 7 km, including a 7 km nonhydrostatic experiment. The analysis focuses on how the resolved dynamics affects the specification of the plume characteristics such as injection height and black carbon (BC) mass. Prior studies initialize the smoke plume at one or a few grid points and this is shown here to produce severely dissipative dynamics. In order to validate such simulations with observations, enhancements of the plume characteristics to offset the dissipation is necessary. Using a numerically converged simulation, sensitivity tests show that to approximate the observed stratospheric lifetime, a reduction in BC fraction by 50% is necessary for external mixtures. The vorticity dynamics of the plume is also analyzed with a Lagrangian budget to understand the mechanisms responsible for the evolution of a collocated anticyclonic vortex. The results can be distilled down into a simple conceptual model. As the plume rises, the air diverges at the top of the updraft where the largest concentrations of smoke are found. This divergence induces a dilution of the background cyclonic absolute vorticity producing an anticyclonic vortex. Vortex decay occurs from opposite arguments.
Kinematic Response of Subaerial Salt Diapirs to Geomorphic, Tectonic and Climatic Regimes: Insights From Space‐Based Observations in the Western Kuqa Fold‐Thrust Belt, NW China
Authors: Chang Fengnian , Dong Shaochun , Yin Hongwei , Wu Zhenyun , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEphemeral subaerial salt diapirs are gravitationally unstable and vulnerable to climate and tectonic activity due to the rheology and incompressibility of rock salt. Quantifying the kinematics of subaerial salt and clarifying the role of tectonics, surface processes, and climate in reshaping the surface salt morphology provides an invaluable opportunity to explore the interactions between Earth’s spheres on a much shorter timescale. With diverse exposed salt diapirs and potential motions, the Kuqa fold‐thrust belt (KFTB), NW China, represents an optimum natural laboratory to understand subaerial salt kinematics. Here, we integrated ascending and descending geometries of Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar images with optical remote sensing data, seismic profiles, digital elevation models, and meteorological records to explore the potential correlation between subaerial salt motions and geomorphic, tectonic, and climatic factors. Using the interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique, we observed a maximum of 25 mm/yr in vertical and 40 mm/yr in horizontal surface salt deformation in the KFTB from 2014 to 2020. Our findings demonstrate a gravity spreading dominant system, where topography exerts a primary control on the surface displacement patterns of salt structures, while weather variables influence deformation mainly by softening salt and facilitating gravity‐driven salt flow.