bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of permeability on the interaction between two spheres translating through a couple stress fluid
Authors: Alotaibi Munirah Aali , El-Sapa Shreen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores the steady and uniform motion of two spherical particles submerged in an infinite fluid with Brinkman-couple stress properties, where the particles are entirely immersed and surface slippage is disregarded. While the particles may vary in size, they are composed of the same material and move along the line that connects their centers, influenced by different velocities or external forces. The analysis is performed under low Reynolds number conditions, which signify laminar flow dominated by viscous forces. Using boundary collocation methods, semi-analytical solutions to the governing differential equations are derived, facilitating a thorough investigation of the system. The study employs normalized drag force to evaluate the effects of particle interactions, presenting calculated values graphically and discussing them with several key factors, such as particle size and separation distance, thereby enhancing the understanding of particle dynamics in complex fluid environments. The analysis of how varying the permeability parameter affects flow patterns around two spheres in a couple of stress fluids is shown.
Numerical simulation of thermal barrier coating in gas turbine combustion chamber liner: a comparative study of YSZ and PSZ
Authors: Wahid S M Taseen , Chowdhury Rashidun Nessa , Monjur Jurana , Din Arif Muammer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) and Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in improving gas turbine performance through a theoretical simulation. Using the finite element method, we compared temperature and thermal flow distributions within YSZ and PSZ coated combustion chambers against an uncoated Ni substrate liner wall. Our results demonstrate significant reductions in outer wall temperature (2.61%–3.54%) and heat flux (0.44%–0.6%) achieved through TBC application. The findings were validated through similar studies, with results aligning closely with established data. These reductions translate to cooler and more efficient engine operation. This comparative analysis not only sheds light on TBC effectiveness but also provides valuable insights for optimizing combustion chamber design. These findings pave the way for the development of next-generation TBC materials and engineering strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced gas turbine performance.
Ultralow UV absorber content in 3D printed nanocomposites: maximizing printability and microwave absorption efficiency
Authors: Tilve-Martínez David , Neri Wilfrid , Lessire Jeanne , Dulucq Benjamin , Vukadinovic Nicolas , Berton Benoit , Yuan Jinkai , Poulin Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of electromagnetic wave exposure in our daily life, particularly within the 100 MHz–300 GHz range, necessitates advancements in microwave absorption materials. This study explores the utilization of 3D printing and VAT photopolymerization to optimize material properties for efficient microwave absorption. While electrically conductive nanocomposites comprising dielectric matrices and conductive fillers have shown promise, their 3D printability poses challenges particularly because of strong UV absorption by conductive fillers. This work addresses this challenge by employing weakly UV absorbing graphene oxide (GO) as a functional surfactant to stabilize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in an acrylic polymer matrix. The GO particles adsorb at the SWCNT interface. GO remains insulating until in-situ thermal reduction to reduced GO (rGO). After reduction, rGO at the SWCNT interface minimize electrical contact resistance between nanotubes, promoting thereby high conductivity of the nanotube network. The high aspect ratio and conductivity of SWCNTs, combined with the transparency and amphiphilic nature of GO, result in nanocomposites with enhanced electrical conductivity and minimal UV absorption. This allows for the 3D printing of conductive formulations with SWCNT contents as low as 0.03 wt%. This ultralow UV absorber content ensures excellent printability, with maximum cure depths exceeding 100 µm within seconds of UV irradiation. Moreover, the resulting nanocomposites exhibit promising microwave absorption properties in the S and Ku bands (2–4 and 12–18 GHz, respectively). Their reflexion losses, are below −10 dB over a 2.5 GHz bandwidth for a 4.75 mm thick layer. Emphasis is placed on the remarkable printability achieved in this study, as the microwave absorption properties remain unoptimized for specific applications.
Autonomous inverse encoding guides 4D nanoprinting for highly programmable shape morphing
Authors: Ren Shuaiqi , Zhang Zhiang , He Ruokun , Fan Jiahao , Wang Guangming , Wang Hesheng , Han Bing , Zhang Yong-Lai , Ma Zhuo-Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Highly programmable shape morphing of 4D-printed micro/nanostructures is urgently desired for applications in robotics and intelligent systems. However, due to the lack of autonomous holistic strategies throughout the target shape input, optimal material distribution generation, and fabrication program output, 4D nanoprinting that permits arbitrary shape morphing remains a challenging task for manual design. In this study, we report an autonomous inverse encoding strategy to decipher the genetic code for material property distributions that can guide the encoded modeling toward arbitrarily pre-programmed 4D shape morphing. By tuning the laser power of each voxel at the nanoscale, the genetic code can be spatially programmed and controllable shape morphing can be realized through the inverse encoding process. Using this strategy, the 4D-printed structures can be designed and accurately shift to the target morphing of arbitrarily hand-drawn lines under stimulation. Furthermore, as a proof-of-concept, a flexible fiber micromanipulator that can approach the target region through pre-programmed shape morphing is autonomously inversely encoded according to the localized spatial environment. This strategy may contribute to the modeling and arbitrary shape morphing of micro/nanostructures fabricated via 4D nanoprinting, leading to cutting-edge applications in microfluidics, micro-robotics, minimally invasive robotic surgery, and tissue engineering.
Manufacturing high-performance flexible sensors via advanced patterning techniques
Authors: Qin Xiaokun , Zhong Bowen , Xu Hao , Jackman Joshua A. , Xu Kaichen , Cho Nam-Joon , Lou Zheng , Wang Lili 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As a key component in the field of information perception in the age of intelligence, sensors play an important role in areas such as environmental monitoring and human perception. To meet the huge demands for information acquisition in the whole society, the elaborated structure construction of sensors by patterned manufacturing technology is an important way to improve the performance of sensors. The preparation of patterned structures can enhance the interaction between the sensitive material and target matter, increase the contact area between the sensor and the target matter, amplify the effect of target matter on the sensor structure, and enhance the density of information sensing by building arrays. This review presents a comprehensive review of patterned micro-nanostructure manufacturing techniques for performance enhancement of flexible sensors, including printing, exposure lithography, mould method, soft lithography, nanoimprinting lithography, and laser direct writing technology. Meanwhile, the evaluation methods of flexible sensor performance and the influence of patterned structures on sensor performance are introduced. Finally, some practical application examples of patterned manufacturing techniques are also introduced according to flexible sensor types. In addition, the patterned manufacturing techniques applied for performance enhancement of flexible sensor are summarized and outlooked, which can be used as a reference for future patterned manufacturing of flexible sensors.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on improved stacking ensemble learning
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Meng Runxin , Cao Jiawen , Wang Guangtao , Liu Xiaolong , Ruijin Sun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In response to the challenges posed by the complex operating conditions of electromechanical systems, non-stationary noise interference, difficulties in sensor installation on bearings, and the scarcity of real fault sample data, this paper proposes an advanced fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings. This method employs an enhanced stacking ensemble learning model, improved with wavelet soft and hard threshold algorithms, and utilizes both motor current and vibration signals. Initially, preprocessing of the raw motor current and vibration signals is performed using these wavelet algorithms to mitigate noise and highlight subtle fault features. Data fusion of the motor current and vibration signals is then conducted, from which time-domain and frequency-domain features are extracted to serve as feature vectors for the diagnostic model. Feature selection is optimized through filtering and embedded methods, and principal component analysis is applied to reduce dimensionality. The base learners—GBDT, RandomForest, AdaBoost, and SVM—are employed for polynomial feature processing and weight adjustment. A logistic regression (LR) meta-learner is then trained on newly constructed meta-training and meta-test sets to form the improved stacking ensemble learning model. Comparative evaluations with single models and stacking ensemble models demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances fault diagnosis accuracy, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 99.36%.
Mid-latitude clouds contribute to Arctic amplification via interactions with other climate feedbacks
Authors: Bonan David B , Kay Jennifer E , Feldl Nicole , Zelinka Mark D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Traditional feedback analyses, which assume that individual climate feedback mechanisms act independently and add linearly, suggest that clouds do not contribute to Arctic amplification. However, feedback locking experiments, in which the cloud feedback is disabled, suggest that clouds, particularly outside of the Arctic, do contribute to Arctic amplification. Here, we reconcile these two perspectives by introducing a framework that quantifies the interactions between radiative feedbacks, radiative forcing, ocean heat uptake, and atmospheric heat transport. We show that including the cloud feedback in a comprehensive climate model can result in Arctic amplification because of interactions with other radiative feedbacks. The surface temperature change associated with including the cloud feedback is amplified in the Arctic by the surface-albedo, Planck, and lapse-rate feedbacks. A moist energy balance model with a locked cloud feedback exhibits similar behavior as the comprehensive climate model with a disabled cloud feedback and further indicates that the mid-latitude cloud feedback contributes to Arctic amplification via feedback interactions. Feedback locking in the moist energy balance model also suggests that the mid-latitude cloud feedback contributes substantially to the intermodel spread in Arctic amplification across comprehensive climate models. These results imply that constraining the mid-latitude cloud feedback will greatly reduce the intermodel spread in Arctic amplification. Furthermore, these results highlight a previously unrecognized non-local pathway for Arctic amplification.
Spatial analysis of teen births near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site
Authors: DeVille Nicole V , Villanueva Carolina , Korrick Susan A , Vieira Verónica M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few studies have examined teen births at an individual-level to identify sociodemographic and environmental risk factors that may contribute to geographically high-risk areas. Communities around the New Bedford Harbor (NBH) Superfund site in southeast Massachusetts are racially and socioeconomically diverse and face potential environmental burdens. These psychosocial, chemical and physical stressors may be associated with behaviors that increase risk of teen birth. We examined associations between teen births (age < 20 years) from 1993–2009 and maternal residence at time of birth among mothers living in towns adjacent to the NBH Superfund site. We used generalized additive models with a smooth of residential location to predict teen birth risk among 29 472 births, adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, birth country, and source of payment for prenatal care. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by location across the study area. Approximately 13% of births were to teen mothers. Residential location was significantly associated with teen birth. However, both the strength of associations and areas of elevated risk were attenuated after adjustment. The highest risk was observed north and northeast of the harbor (OR: 95% CI—3.19: 2.08, 4.88 and 2.93: 1.47, 5.82), which aligns with the prevailing wind direction from the harbor. Our study illustrates the importance of assessing the independent contributions of sociodemographic factors to geographic variation in teen birth risk. After accounting for maternal characteristics, results highlight areas within the study region where high-risk individuals may have also experienced environmental stressors.
Why is implementing remote monitoring in virtual wards (Hospital at Home) for people living with frailty so hard? Qualitative interview study
Authors: Lindsay Rosie Kate , Cunnington Paige , Dixon-Woods Mary 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
There is relatively low uptake of remote monitoring on frailty virtual wards (Hospital at Home) compared to virtual wards caring for people with other medical conditions. However, reasons for low uptake are poorly understood.

Objectives
To explore the views and experiences of frailty virtual wards stakeholders involved in implementing remote monitoring.

Methods
We conducted qualitative interviews with 42 stakeholders involved in delivery, design or evaluation of frailty virtual wards based in the UK. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method.

Results
Many participants perceived that remote monitoring was only useful for a small sub-group of patients with frailty for a range of medical, practical and social reasons. Remote monitoring required new ways of working from patients, staff and carers. The nature of this work was not always sufficiently well understood, designed or supported. Procurement practices were also seen to be misaligned with service needs, resulting in provision of equipment that was not fit for purpose. A further challenge in implementing remote monitoring in frailty virtual wards lay in tensions between national-level standardisation and enabling local flexibility.

Conclusions
Implementing remote monitoring in frailty virtual wards is challenged by lack of consensus on its suitability for this population, the extent and nature of change in clinical practices and work systems design required, and issues relating to equipment and standardisation. More co-design effort is needed to inform decision-making on remote monitoring for those with frailty.
Human longevity and Alzheimer’s disease variants act via microglia and oligodendrocyte gene networks
Authors: Graham Andrew C , Bellou Eftychia , Harwood Janet C , Yaman Umran , Celikag Meral , Magusali Naciye , Rambarack Naiomi , Botia Juan A , Sala Frigerio Carlo , Hardy John , Escott-Price Valentina , Salih Dervis A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ageing underlies functional decline of the brain and is the primary risk factor for several neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms that cause functional decline of the brain during ageing, and how these contribute to AD pathogenesis, are not well understood.
The objective of this study was to identify biological processes that are altered during ageing in the hippocampus and that modify Ad risk and lifespan, and then to identify putative gene drivers of these programmes. We integrated common human genetic variation associated with human lifespan or Ad from genome-wide association studies with co-expression transcriptome networks altered with age in the mouse and human hippocampus.
Our work confirmed that genetic variation associated with Ad was enriched in gene networks expressed by microglia responding to ageing and revealed that they were also enriched in an oligodendrocytic gene network. Compellingly, longevity-associated genetic variation was enriched in a gene network expressed by homeostatic microglia whose expression declined with age. The genes driving this enrichment include CASP8 and STAT3, highlighting a potential role for these longevity-associated genes in the homeostatic functions of innate immune cells, and these genes might drive ‘inflammageing’. Thus, we observed that gene variants contributing to ageing and AD balance different aspects of microglial and oligodendrocytic function. Furthermore, we also highlight putative Ad risk genes, such as LAPTM5, ITGAM and LILRB4, whose association with Ad falls below genome-wide significance but show strong co-expression with known Ad risk genes in these networks. Indeed, five of the putative risk genes highlighted by our analysis, ANKH, GRN, PLEKHA1, SNX1 and UNC5CL, have subsequently been identified as genome-wide significant risk genes in a subsequent genome-wide association study with larger sample size, validating our analysis.
This work identifies new genes that influence ageing and AD pathogenesis, and highlights the importance of microglia and oligodendrocytes in the resilience of the brain against ageing and AD pathogenesis. Our findings have implications for developing markers indicating the physiological age of the brain and new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Oil, life, and everyday fossil fascism: appropriative signification in U.S. petroleum supremacy
Authors: Dunbar-Hester Christina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fossil fuels face an uncertain future, but they have strong adherents as well as detractors. Even as California debates halting oil extraction, the Biden administration approved large new drilling projects on federal land, in keeping with the United States’ policy of “energy independence” (also called “energy dominance” under Trump). This article examines the Janus face of fossil fuels’ future, reading recent cultural moments in the western US. It shows oil producers (oil lobbyists and oil workers) appropriating acts of signification that affirm life (in particular, in domains of civil rights and environmental justice), inverting language and aesthetics of liberation and resistance to circulate microfascist petroleum supremacy. Such projections of strength may belie a moment of existential precarity for the industry, but these weaponized cultural significations still aim to do harm.
Integrating Fast Frequency Response Ancillary Services: A Global Review of Technical, Procurement, and Market Integration Challenges
Authors: Varhegyi Gergo , Nour Mutasim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the growing need for fast frequency response services in power systems that increasingly rely on renewable energy sources. As the integration of wind and solar energy continues to displace conventional generators, the reduction in system inertia leads to significant frequency stability challenges, particularly after disturbances. This issue is exacerbated by the inability of renewable generators to provide suﬀicient frequency control, necessitating the development of new, fast-acting solutions to stabilise the grid. In this context, the paper offers a comprehensive review of the technical and economic aspects of fast frequency response services, focusing on their role in addressing the unique challenges posed by low-inertia grids. It highlights the critical role of energy storage technologies in providing rapid frequency stabilisation and examines how various global energy markets approach the procurement and remuneration of these services. A key finding of this review, based on an extensive review and analysis of the literature, is that under certain market conditions, such as reduced ancillary service delivery speed, compulsory procurement based on service utilisation, and marginal pric- ing of the system, both system operators and service providers are suﬀiciently incentivised to provide fast frequency ancillary services, thus enabling greater penetration of these services. The review also identifies key knowledge gaps and market barriers that hinder the widespread adoption of fast frequency response services. It concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, engineers, and market operators to enhance the deployment and eﬀiciency of en- ergy storage-based solutions in modern power systems.
Is there an innate sense of number in the brain?
Authors: Lorenzi Elena , Kobylkov Dmitry , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The approximate number system or «sense of number» is a crucial, presymbolic mechanism enabling animals to estimate quantities, which is essential for survival in various contexts (eg estimating numerosities of social companions, prey, predators, and so on). Behavioral studies indicate that a sense of number is widespread across vertebrates and invertebrates. Specific brain regions such as the intraparietal sulcus and prefrontal cortex in primates, or equivalent areas in birds and fish, are involved in numerical estimation, and their activity is modulated by the ratio of quantities. Data gathered across species strongly suggest similar evolutionary pressures for number estimation pointing to a likely common origin, at least across vertebrates. On the other hand, few studies have investigated the origins of the sense of number. Recent findings, however, have shown that numerosity-selective neurons exist in newborn animals, such as domestic chicks and zebrafish, supporting the hypothesis of an innateness of the approximate number system. Control-rearing experiments on visually naïve animals further support the notion that the sense of number is innate and does not need any specific instructive experience in order to be triggered.
The history of economic thought as a living laboratory
Authors: McCaffrey Matthew C , Salerno Joseph T , Dorobat Carmen Elena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a novel and constructive way to conceptualise the history of economic thought and appreciate its value within economics more broadly. Drawing on the work of economists spanning nearly a century, we explore the idea of the history of economic thought as a living laboratory of theorising. It is living in that it is a persistently relevant method of doing economic theory, as opposed to a separable field or even a dead branch of economics. It is a laboratory in that it provides a constrained space for examining, comparing, critiquing, combining, and developing theories. Following an initial explanation, we explore the roots of this conceptualisation in the works of some twentieth-century economists. We then illustrate it using the example of the development of neo-Wicksellian macroeconomics. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of the living laboratory approach.