bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the shared decision‐making process scale for use in evaluation of hereditary cancer genetic testing decisions
Authors: Gore Moses Rachel , Nieters Amanda , Valentine K. D. , Wooters Mackenzie , Wynn Julia , Wardyn Amy , Amendola Laura , Sepucha Karen R. , Shannon Kristen M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, reliability, and validity of the existing four‐item Shared Decision Making (SDM) Process Scale for use in evaluating genetic testing decisions. Patients from a large hereditary cancer genetics practice were invited to participate in a two‐part survey after completing pre‐test genetic counseling. The online survey included the SDM Process Scale and the SURE scale, a measure of decisional conflict. SDM Process scores were compared to SURE scores to test convergent validity, and respondents were sent a second survey 1 week later to assess retest reliability. The response rate was 65% (n = 259/398) and missing data was low (<1%). SDM scores ranged from zero to four with a mean of 2.3 (SD = 1.1). Retest reliability was good, with intraclass correlation of 0.84, 95% confidence interval (0.79, 0.88). No relationship was found between SDM Process scores and decisional conflict (p = 0.46), likely because 85% of participants reported no decisional conflict. The four‐item SDM Process Scale demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, and retest reliability, but not convergent validity with decisional conflict. These findings provide initial evidence for use of this scale to measure patient perceptions of SDM in pre‐test counseling for hereditary cancer genetic testing.
Poleward migration of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific and its regional impacts on rainfall in Asia
Authors: Zhang Long , Ma Tianfang , Yoon Sun‐Kwon , Lee Taesam , Kim Jong‐Suk , Chen Jie , Xiong Lihua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe region of Asia, which is surrounded by the western North Pacific (WNP), is one of the areas most affected by tropical cyclones (TCs). Since the 20th century, the characteristics and regional impact of TCs in this area have changed significantly, possibly due to global warming. However, the relationships between changes in the translation speed of TCs, poleward migration and TC‐induced rainfall in the WNPs have not been well investigated. Using daily precipitation and TC data from 1979 to 2020, this diagnostic study explored the poleward migration of TCs, changes in their TC translation speeds and the effects of TCs on countries along the Pacific Rim. Over the 42‐year study period, TCs experienced a decrease in intensity, lifespan, frequency and translation speeds and a northwestward migration in the genesis position, recurving position and tracks. However, the intensity and lifespan of high‐intensity TCs, which are defined as those with intensities exceeding 75% of all TCs, have increased significantly. Consequently, daily maximum precipitation of TCs decreased significantly with a τ value ranging from 0.294 to 0.442 for the M‐K test on inland China, the Philippines and Myanmar, but increased significantly with a τ value ranging from −0.410 to −0.615 in coastal areas of East Asia, especially China and northern Kalimantan Island, as confirmed by the distribution of TC‐induced precipitation. Our findings indicate that coastal East Asian countries are becoming increasingly vulnerable to high‐intensity TCs.
Ethanol lock therapy increases mechanical catheter complications in a pediatric intestinal failure population: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fligor Scott C. , Hirsch Thomas I. , Tsikis Savas T. , Joiner Malachi M. , Mitchell Paul D. , Carbeau Sarah , McClelland Jennifer , Carey Alexandra , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEthanol lock therapy (ELT) decreases central line–associated bloodstream infections; however, the effect on mechanical catheter complications is unclear. In recent years, ELT has become unavailable for many patients, often resulting in high‐risk patients switching back to heparin locks. We investigated the impact of ELT on mechanical catheter complications during this period.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of the Boston Children's Hospital intestinal rehabilitation program from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Pediatric patients with a central venous catheter requiring parenteral support for 3 months were included. The primary outcome was the composite rate of mechanical catheter complications (repairs and replacements).ResultsThe pediatric intestinal failure cohort consisted of 122 patients. Forty‐four percent received ELT for the entirety of the study period, 29% used only heparin locks, and 27% used ELT and heparin locks at different periods. During ELT use, there was 1.65 times the risk of mechanical catheter complications (composite outcome of repairs and replacements) compared with heparin locks (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.18–2.31). Current ELT use was associated with 2.3 times the risk of catheter repairs (aIRR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.36–3.89) but no significant increase in catheter replacement risk (aIRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.91–2.20).ConclusionIn the largest pediatric intestinal failure cohort evaluated to date, the use of ELT, compared with heparin locks, increased the risk of mechanical catheter complications. Mechanical complications carry morbidity requiring urgent clinic or emergency department visits and additional procedures. The investigation of alternative lock solutions is warranted.
Insectivorous bat foraging tracks the availability of aquatic flies (Diptera)
Authors: Metcalfe Anya N. , Fritzinger Carol A. , Weller Theodore J. , Dodrill Michael J. , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D. , Yackulic Charles B. , Holton P. Brandon , Szydlo Cheyenne M. , Durning Laura E. , Sankey Joel B. , Kennedy Theodore A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRivers and their adjacent riparian zones are model ecosystems for observing cross‐ecosystem energy transfers. Aquatic insects emerging from streams, for example, are resource subsidies that support riparian consumers such as birds, spiders, lizards, and bats. We collaborated with recreational river runners in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, to record acoustic bat activity and sample riparian insects using light traps at dusk from April through October 2017–2020. River runners collected these data on 1,428 events over 611 sampling nights at 410 sites throughout a 470‐km segment of the Colorado River. We documented 71 insect taxa in light traps and recorded 19 bat species with acoustic detectors. We hypothesized that bat activity along this highly regulated river segment would be influenced primarily by variation in prey availability, as compared to other habitat descriptors. We predicted that bat activity would be positively related to aquatic insect catch rates and unrelated to terrestrial insect abundance. We fit Bayesian regression models to test these hypotheses and to quantify the relationship between bat activity and a suite of environmental variables: time of year, time of day, distance from perennial tributaries, distance from rapids, channel width, geomorphic reach, tall vegetation cover, air temperature, and lunar phase. Bat activity was positively related to the abundance of aquatic flies (Diptera), which outcompeted all other prey categories and structural habitat descriptors in our models. Within our dusk sampling period, activity of small myotis (California myotis [Myotis californicus] and Yuma myotis [M. yumanensis]) was high late in the evening and canyon bats (Parastrellus hesperus), conversely, were more active early in the evening. Activity of canyon bats varied seasonally, with peak activity in August. Our results support the hypothesis that aquatic prey, specifically aquatic flies, are key predictors of bat activity along a large, regulated river corridor and demonstrate the power of community science as a tool for ecosystem monitoring.
Durability of Titanium Implants Following Type II Thyroplasty for Adductor Type Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Toya Yutaka , Hiroshiba Shinya 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the durability of current titanium implants (TI) used in voice improvement surgery for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), which is type II thyroplasty (T2T), and identify the effects of their fractures on vocal functions.MethodsA total of 36 ADSD patients who underwent T2T had the following exams: The CT scans of the larynx were performed 1 year after the surgery to assess the fractures of TI. The improvement in the mean voice handicap index 10 (VHI‐10) scores and the success rate between nonfractured (NFR) and fractured (FR) groups were compared.ResultsIt was indicated that TI was broken in 21 cases (58.3%). In one case (2.7%), a fracture on the part of the bridge that connects both sides of the plates was observed, and fractures at holes placed on the plates in the other 35 cases (55.6%). The mean VHI‐10 score improved from 27.2 ± 8.1 to 11.4 ± 7.9 in the NFR group and from 26.3 ± 4.9 to 9.7 ± 7.9 in the FR group. The success rates were 66.6% in the NFR group and 71.5% in the FR group. No statistical difference was observed in the improvement in the mean VHI‐10 scores, and the success rate between the two groups. However, two cases resulted in failure in the FR group, whereas no worsened case was observed in the NFR group.ConclusionThe current TI used in T2T has low durability and could result in the worsening of vocal symptoms after the surgery.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3028–3033, 2023
Monitoring soil erosion on field slopes by terrestrial laser scanning and structure‐from‐motion
Authors: Li Pengfei , Ren Fangli , Hu Jinfei , Yan Lu , Hao Mingkui , Liu Lifeng , Gao Jianjian , Dang Tianmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTerrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry are prevalent erosion monitoring techniques. However, their relative performance for field erosion monitoring remained unclear. In the study, five souring experiments were implemented on each of the three plots, consisting of hillslope and gully area, established on field slopes. The input flow for three hillslopes was 25, 55, and 85 L min−1 respectively while that for the gully area was 10 L min−1. TLS and SfM were used to monitor erosion processes, while their performance was assessed using manual measurements. Results showed that TLS and SfM produced generally sound and comparable soil loss estimates, with relative errors (REm) for the cumulative and consecutive sediment yield derived by the two techniques being −24.10% to +84.50% and −29.60% to +73.10% respectively. TLS estimated sediment yield more accurately than SfM for more intensively eroded areas, while the estimation accuracy of TLS was lower than SfM for less intensively eroded areas. On gully slopes, the two techniques broadly captured the spatial pattern of erosion and deposition, with inconsistency/errors emerging on areas with small topographic changes or caves; TLS generally produced more accurate rill length than SfM, with the REm for TLS being −2.18% to −0.16% and the REm for SfM being −7.09% to −1.49% respectively. TLS‐ and SfM‐derived rill networks were broadly consistent (Kappa coefficient was 0.42–0.79) and different in details. The SfM‐ and TLS‐derived level of detection was generally at the same order of magnitude. However, their spatial pattern on hillslopes was rather different, which informed a different erosion monitoring capacity of TLS and SfM on field hillslopes and needs further study. Overall, SfM provides a cost‐effective and powerful alternative to TLS for field erosion monitoring and a combined use of them may produce more satisfactory results.
Advice and perspectives from navigating the couples match in otolaryngology: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Diaz Ashley , Fenton David , Cardenas Stephanie , Dimitroyannis Rose , Singh Armaan , Blair Elizabeth A. , Farnan Jeanne M. , Shogan Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a lack of qualitative analysis of the personal experiences within Couples Matching. In this qualitative study, we aim to record personal attitudes, reflections, and advice on experiences with the Couples Match process.MethodsOur survey, consisting of two open‐ended questions regarding the experience of Couples Matching, was distributed from January 2022 to March 2022 via email to 106 otolaryngology program directors across the nation. Survey responses were analyzed iteratively using the constructivist grounded theory to construct themes related to pre‐match priorities, match‐related stressors, and post‐match satisfaction. Themes were developed inductively and refined iteratively as the dataset evolved.Results18 Couples Match residents responded. In response to the first question: “What was the most difficult part of the process for you and/or your partner?”, we identified the following themes: cost and financial burden, increased stress on the relationship, sacrificing top choices, and finalizing the match list. In response to the second question: “Using your experience as a previous applicant, what advice would you give to another couple planning on couples matching?”, we identified four common themes: compromise, advocacy, dynamic conversations, and applying broadly.ConclusionWe sought to understand the Couples Match process through the perspective of previous applicants. Analyzing the views and attitudes of Couples Match applicants, our study captures the most challenging aspects of the experience and highlights possible areas to improve advising for couples, including important factors to consider when applying, ranking, and interviewing.
Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations as a Tool for Unraveling the Impact of Solvent and Temperature on Polymer Topology for Self‐Initiated Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerizations at High Temperatures
Authors: Mätzig Jonas , Drache Marco , Drache Georg , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHigh‐temperature butyl acrylate polymerizations in bulk and in solution are investigated experimentally and by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. The experimental data comprise conversion‐time data, molar mass distributions, and branching levels per polymer chain derived from size‐exclusion chromatography with a multiangle laser light scattering detector. A kMC model is established, which allows for the description of the impact of solvent and temperature on molar mass distribution as well as type and content of macromonomers. Within the study kinetic coefficients for transfer to solvent and the thermal self‐initiation of the monomer are determined according to the Metropolis Hastings algorithm. The kMC simulations provide information, which are otherwise not accessible, for example, the number of branch points per molecule as a function of molar mass or the molar mass distribution of various macromonomer species. Moreover, molar ratios of mid‐chain and chain‐end radicals are at hand for temperatures up to 160°C, which are important for the interpretation of the experimentally and via simulation‐derived polymer topology as a function of molar masses.
Investigation on risk factors of chronic diseases among community residents: A study based on health management systems supported by Mobile phones
Authors: Luo Ru‐zhen , Lu Qi , Sun Yumei , Sun Hongyu , Liu Yan‐hui , Zhao Yue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the physical and mental health status of community residents and to identify the risk factors of chronic diseases.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study was conducted.MethodsA total of 579 participants were recruited from 15 communities in Tianjin. The demographic information sheet, 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD‐7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) were used. Data collection was undertaken based on the health management system on mobile phones from April to May 2019.ResultsEighty‐four participants of the total number of surveyed were with chronic disease. The incidence of depression and anxiety in participants was 44.2% and 41.3%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR = 4.905, 95%CI: 2.619–9.187), religious belief (OR = 0.445, 95%CI: 1.510–11.181) and working condition (OR = 0.161, 95%CI: 0.299–0.664) entered the regression equation. Old age is a risk factor for chronic diseases. No religious belief and working condition are protective factors for chronic diseases.
Domain swapping of the C‐terminal helix promotes the dimerization of a novel ribonuclease protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Do‐Hee , Na Youngseo , Chang Heesun , Boo Jun‐Hyuk , Kang Sung‐Min , Jin Chenglong , Kang Su‐Jin , Lee Su Yeon , Lee Bong‐Jin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyketide metabolism‐associated proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis play an essential role in the survival of the bacterium, which makes them potential drug targets for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The novel ribonuclease protein Rv1546 is predicted to be a member of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein‐related lipid‐transfer (START) domain superfamily, which comprises bacterial polyketide aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs). Here, we determined the crystal structure of Rv1546 in a V‐shaped dimer. The Rv1546 monomer consists of four α‐helices and seven antiparallel β‐strands. Interestingly, in the dimeric state, Rv1546 forms a helix‐grip fold, which is present in START domain proteins, via three‐dimensional domain swapping. Structural analysis revealed that the conformational change of the C‐terminal α‐helix of Rv1546 might contribute to the unique dimer structure. Site‐directed mutagenesis followed by in vitro ribonuclease activity assays was performed to identify catalytic sites of the protein. This experiment suggested that surface residues R63, K84, K88, and R113 are important in the ribonuclease function of Rv1546. In summary, this study presents the structural and functional characterization of Rv1546 and supplies new perspectives for exploiting Rv1546 as a novel drug target for TB treatment.
Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming
Authors: Reiff Jo Marie , Sudarsan Keerthi , Hoffmann Christoph , Entling Martin H 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are considered main contributors to global arthropod declines and therefore may decrease the provision of ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Organic farming and cultivating pest‐ and disease‐resistant varieties can allow pesticide applications and their impacts on nontarget organisms and the environment to be reduced. We investigated the effects of organic versus conventional management and fungus‐resistant versus susceptible wine grape varieties on arthropod biodiversity and pest control of grape berry moths in 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, Germany. Hazard quotients of applied pesticides were calculated for each vineyard.RESULTSThe cultivation of fungus‐resistant varieties led to significantly reduced hazard quotients and in turn enhanced abundances of natural enemies, particularly theridiid and philodromid spiders. Unexpectedly, organic management resulted in higher hazard quotients than conventional management and reduced numbers of natural enemies, particularly earwigs. Pest predation rates showed no significant differences between grape varieties or management types.CONCLUSIONWidespread benefits of organic management on arthropod biodiversity found in other crops were absent in our viticultural study region. This is likely due to the dominant role of fungal diseases in viticulture, which requires high numbers of fungicide treatments under both conventional and organic viticulture. Thus, fungicide reduction through the cultivation of fungus‐resistant grape varieties is one key element to fostering the abundance of arthropods in general and beneficial arthropods in particular. Beyond vineyards, this is potentially relevant in numerous other crop types. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Characteristics of tropical–extratropical cloud bands over tropical and subtropical South America simulated by BAM‐1.2 and HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Zilli Marcia T. , Hart Neil C. G. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Chadwick Robin , de Souza Dayana C. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Figueroa Silvio N. , Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTropical–extratropical cloud bands are common in South America (SAm), contributing significantly to the total rainy season precipitation. Thus, it is fundamental that climate and weather forecast models correctly represent them and their associated dynamic aspects. Adopting an event‐based framework, we evaluate the performance of two global models in simulating the observed cloud bands over SAm: the Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model version 1.2 (BAM‐1.2) and the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model in the Global Coupled configuration 3.1 (HadGEM3‐GC3.1). Both models reproduce the main characteristics of cloud bands and the dynamical aspects leading to their development and persistence. Nonetheless, the biases in precipitation during simulated cloud bands contribute more than 50% of the bias in total precipitation in some regions. BAM‐1.2 simulates fewer but more persistent cloud bands than observed; HadGEM3‐GC3.1 simulates weaker cloud band activity during early summer and more persistent events after January than observed. In all models, the biases in cloud band events arise from the interaction between biases in the basic state and the synoptic‐scale regional circulation. In the basic state, stronger upper level westerlies over the midlatitude South Pacific support the propagation of longer and slower Rossby waves towards subtropical SAm, increasing the duration of the cloud band events. This bias interacts with negative biases in the upper level westerlies over subtropical SAm, increasing the wind shear, hindering the propagation of synoptic‐scale Rossby waves into lower latitudes, and resulting in biases in the cloud band location, intensity, and seasonality. The application in this study of an event‐based framework robust to differences in model resolution and complexity enables the identification of small but critical biases in circulation. These biases are linked to synoptic‐scale rainfall system biases and help to explain the season total rainfall model biases.
Towards a new generation of artificial‐intelligence‐based infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer retrievals of surface temperature: Part II – Assessment
Authors: Boucher Eulalie , Aires Filipe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen using neural networks (NNs), the lack of input information characterizing the radiative transfer can result in regional biases, especially when retrieving surface properties. In the Part I companion article we explored localization techniques in an attempt to help the NN adjust its behaviour to local conditions. In this article we analyze results from an image‐processing approach, the novel localized convolutional NN (CNN) model for the retrieval of surface temperature (TS) over a fixed domain using infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) observations. An in‐depth evaluation is performed. The localized‐CNN architecture is a promising artificial intelligence solution that provides retrievals similar to, if not better than, those of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites' PWLR3 retrieval algorithm that also uses IASI observations, collocated with microwave data too. This shows the benefits of localizing the CNN retrieval. This image‐processing retrieval scheme allows interpolation of the TS below the clouds, and thus a preliminary analysis of the cloud impact on the TS is performed. The possibility to estimate retrieval uncertainties is investigated, and a practical solution, based on the binning of the input space, is proposed for CNN architectures. The best strategy for a global‐scale retrieval is yet to be found for such an image‐processing scheme, but potential solutions and their respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed.