bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency of Quantum Computation and the Equivalence Principle
Authors: Nowakowski Marcin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe equivalence principle, being one of the building blocks of general relativity, seems to be crucial for analysis of quantum effects in gravity. In this paper we consider the relation between the equivalence principle and the consistency of quantum information processing in gravitational field. We propose an analysis with a looped evolution consisting of steps both in the gravitational field and in the accelerated reference frame. We show that without the equivalence principle the looped quantum evolution cannot be unitary and looses its consistency. For this reasoning the equivalence principle is formulated in terms of the gauge transformations and is analyzed for particles acquiring an appropriate phase associated with the action over the looped path. In consequence, to keep consistency of quantum operations in gravitational field, it is required to keep a quantum variant of the equivalence principle. This proves importance of the quantized version of this fundamental gravitational principle for quantum information processing.
Family firm ambidexterity: the influence of paradoxical tensions and the Entrepreneurial Family’s cohesion
Authors: Guffler Matthias , Bertschi-Michel Alexandra , Hack Andreas , Kellermanns Franz W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents paradoxical tensions as the ‘missing link’ at the intersection of the entrepreneurial family and family firm management: a link that crucially affects innovation-related decisions such as ambidexterity. Specifically, the study argues that the relationship between family cohesion and organizational ambidexterity within entrepreneurial family firms is mediated by paradoxical tensions (latent and salient). Drawing on survey data from 206 German family firms, support is found for the hypotheses advanced. Building on cognitive resource theory, this study demonstrates that differently perceived paradoxical tensions in entrepreneurial family firms have different meaningful effects on organizational ambidexterity. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Late-Life Changes in Ethnoracial Self-identification: Evidence from Social Security Administrative Data
Authors: Breen Casey F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearchers generally recognize that ethnoracial identification may shift over the life course. However, the prevalence of these shifts across cohorts and among older adults remains open questions. Using administrative data from Social Security applications from 1984 to 2007, we quantify the magnitude and direction of later-life shifts in ethnoracial self-identification between Black, White, Asian, American Indian, and Hispanic categories for the “Greatest Generation,” those born between 1901 and 1927. Overall, 2.3% of persons in these data changed their ethnoracial identification after the age of 57, with distinct patterns of change for ethnoracial subgroups. By linking to the 1940 Census, we find a positive and significant association between socioeconomic status in early life and a shift from non-White to non-Hispanic White identification in later life. We conclude that ethnoracial self-identification fluidity continues even among older adults, varying in response to social position, ethnoracial climate, and events in greater society.
Setting Health Targets Using Information from Probabilistic Projections: A Research Brief on an Application to Contraceptive Coverage
Authors: Biddlecom Ann , Sully Elizabeth A. , Kantorová Vladimíra , Wheldon Mark C. , Lince-Deroche Naomi , Riley Taylor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract Broad and aspirational targets to meet health service needs are useful for advocacy, but setting measurable, time-defined targets for accelerated yet feasible progress is necessary for national monitoring and planning purposes. Information from probabilistic projections of health outcomes and service coverage can be used to set country-specific targets that reflect different starting points and rates of change. We show the utility of this approach in an application to contraceptive coverage in 131 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the related cost and impact of different coverage scenarios. We use the sustainable development goal (SDG) indicator of the proportion of women who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern contraception. The results show that accelerated progress targets would collectively result in 83% of the need satisfied in 2030 for LMICs, which is 5% points higher than the projected level based on the current pace of progress. This translated into 41 million fewer women with an unmet need for modern methods and 14 million fewer unintended pregnancies. Annual direct costs would be $480 million more in 2030 to support contraceptive services compared with costs in 2030 based on the current pace of progress. As governments plan and budget for expanded health service coverage, information from probabilistic projections can guide them in setting measurable, ambitious yet realistic targets that are relevant to their particular contexts.
Vitro-derived hop (Humulus lupulus L.) leaves and roots as source of bioactive compounds: antioxidant activity and polyphenolic profile
Authors: Chiancone Benedetta , Guarrasi Valeria , Leto Leandra , Del Vecchio Lorenzo , Calani Luca , Ganino Tommaso , Galaverni Martina , Cirlini Martina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBioactive compounds extracted from plant are of great value for those enterprises interested in the use of natural products; plant tissue culture techniques guarantee a reliable and constant biomass production. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.), with its wealth in bioactive compounds, may represent an invaluable resource. The present study focused on the characterization of vitro-derived leaves and roots of two hop plant types, Cascade and Gianni. Extracts obtained from the selected hop explants were investigated, determining their polyphenolic content as their antioxidant capacity, applying DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays; moreover, extract molecular profile was obtained through UHPLC-MS/MS. Results confirm the wealthy in bioactive compounds and the antioxidant properties of the tested vitro-derived hop explants. The qualitative characterization of vitro-derived hop tissue extracts evidenced the presence of twenty one different compounds, already identified in open field grown hop plants, such as polyphenols, α- and β-acids, as well as xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol. The obtained outcomes lay the groundwork to further investigate the potential of vitro-derived hop plantlets as bioactive compounds source.
Graphical abstract
Naturalism, Supernaturalism, and the Question of God
Authors: Ellis Fiona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMy starting point in this paper is that expansive naturalism is a defensible position. I spell out what this position involves, and grant with Iris Murdoch that we should take seriously the idea that the world in which we are immersed has an irreducibly spiritual dimension. I consider what it could mean to think of spiritual reality in supernaturalist terms, agree with the naturalist that dualistic supernaturalism is to be rejected, and ask whether one can legitimately reject this model as both a naturalist and a theist.
Eating and Body Image Disturbances in Adolescence and Substance Use Throughout Young Adulthood: Findings from the Australian Temperament Project
Authors: Linardon Jake , Greenwood Christopher J. , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Spry Elizabeth A. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Le Grange Daniel , Letcher Primrose , Olsson Craig A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract We investigated whether eating and body image disturbances in mid-adolescence were associated with substance use in young adulthood. Participants (n = 1566) completed the drive for thinness, bulimic behavior, and body dissatisfaction subscales from the Eating Disorder Inventory during adolescence (15–16 years), and reported frequencies of substance use (tobacco, cannabis, binge drinking, other illicit substances) across young adulthood (19–20, 23–24, and 27–28 years). Adolescent body dissatisfaction was associated with a 10% increase in the rate of binge drinking and tobacco smoking, with effects being of similar magnitude in men and women, and across young adulthood. The association between bulimic behavior and tobacco smoking was strongest in the earlier years of young adulthood (19–20 years). Relationships between cannabis use, bulimic behavior, and body dissatisfaction were evident in men only. Findings highlight important targets for prevention programs, as well as focused monitoring efforts to identify individuals at risk of later substance use.
One-Year Survival of Ischemic Stroke Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Isokuortti Harri , Virta Jyri J. , Curtze Sami , Tiainen Marjaana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke who require mechanical ventilation has been poor. Intubation due to a reversible condition could be associated with better 1-year survival.

Methods
All adult patients treated in Helsinki University Hospital in 2016–2020 who were admitted because of an ischemic stroke (either stroke or thrombosis seen on imaging) and needed mechanical ventilation were included in this retrospective cohort study. Data on demographics, medical history, index stroke, and indication for intubation were collected. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Secondary outcomes were modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months and living arrangements at 1 year.

Results
The mean age of the cohort (N = 121) was 66 ± 11 (mean ± SD) years, and the mean admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 17 ± 10. Forty-four (36%) patients were male. The most common indication for intubation was unconsciousness (51%), followed by respiratory failure or airway compromise (28%). One-year mortality was 55%. Three-month mRS scores were available for 114 (94%) patients, with the following distribution: 0–2, 18%; 3–5, 28%; and 6 (dead), 54%. Of the 1-year survivors, 72% were living at home. In the multivariate analysis, only age over 75 years and intubation due to unconsciousness, respiratory failure, or cardiac arrest remained significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions
The indication for intubation seems to significantly affect outcome. Functional outcome at 3 months is often poor, but a great majority of 1-year survivors are able to live at home.
A multimodal strategy to improve race/ethnic group equity in administration of neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19 outpatients
Authors: Fish Lindsey E. , Bendelow Tiffany , Gardiner Sarah , Wynia Matthew K. , Kwan Bethany M. , Hamer Mika K. , Ginde Adit A. , Hanratty Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Racial and ethnic minority groups have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe illness, and death; however, they receive monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment at lower rates than non-Hispanic White patients. We report data from a systematic approach to improve equitable provision of COVID-19 neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment.

Methods:
Treatment was administered at a community health urgent care clinic affiliated with a safety-net urban hospital. The approach included a stable treatment supply, a same-day test and treat model, a referral process, patient outreach, and financial support. We analyzed the race/ethnicity data descriptively and compared proportions using a chi-square test.

Results:
Over 17 months, 2524 patients received treatment. Compared to the demographics of county COVID-19-positive cases, a greater proportion of patients who received mAb treatment were Hispanic (44.7% treatment vs. 36.5% positive cases, p < 0.001), a lower proportion were White Non-Hispanic (40.7% treatment vs. 46.3% positive cases, p < 0.001), equal proportion were Black (8.2% treatment vs. 7.4% positive cases, P = 0.13), and equal proportion occurred for other race patients.

Discussion:
Implementation of multiple systematic strategies to administer COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies resulted in an equitable race/ethnic distribution of treatment.
Low rates of antibiotics prescribed during telehealth primary-care visits persisted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Jump Robin L. P. , Mongilardi Nicole , Wilson Brigid M. , Bej Taissa A. , Song Sunah , Kowal Corinne M. , Perez Federico , Akpoji Ukwen C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFor primary care clinics at a Veterans’ Affairs (VA) medical center, the shift from in-person to telehealth visits during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with low rates of antibiotic prescription. Understanding contextual factors associated with antibiotic prescription practices during telehealth visits may help promote antibiotic stewardship in primary care settings.
The winter of raw computers: the history of the lunar and planetary reductions of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich
Authors: Belteki Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 1839 the working hours of the computers employed on the lunar and planetary reductions of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich were reduced from eleven hours to eight hours. Previous historians have explained this decrease by reference to the generally benevolent nature of the manager of the reductions, George Biddell Airy. By contrast, this article uses the letters and notes exchanged between Airy and the computers to demonstrate that the change in the working hours originated from the computers as a reaction to their poor working conditions. Through the exploration of these archival materials, the article shifts the focus of the analysis to the working experience of the computers, rather than to the administrative history of the project that inevitably tends to highlight Airy's actions. By doing so, the article shows how the computers were treated as a disposable low-skilled workforce, as opposed to aspiring astronomers with considerable mathematical talent. Through this reframing, the article takes a step towards a working history of the observatory.
Which phonological and lexical factors best influence whether a word is produced and pronounced well?
Authors: KEHOE Margaret , ABU LABAN Aya , LESPINASSE Romane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines lexical and phonological factors that influence word production and pronunciation. Specifically, we investigate whether phonological production (measured by percent consonants correct) contributes to word production and pronunciation over and above the properties of the target words (e.g., word frequency, neighborhood density, and phonetic complexity). Forty French-speaking monolingual and bilingual children, aged 1;11 to 3;1, participated in a spontaneous language sample and were administered a naming and a nonword repetition task. Their parents filled out the MacArthur Communicative Developmental Inventory (MCDI) and rated their children’s pronunciation on an experimental version of the MCDI. Statistical models indicated that word frequency and the phonetic complexity of the target words influenced whether a word was produced. These factors along with neighborhood density and the children’s production capacities influenced whether a word was pronounced poorly or well. Findings indicate that parents can provide reliable information on the word pronunciation of their children.
Activities of Daily Living Needs and Support in Adult Child-Parent Dyads
Authors: Monin Joan K. , McAvay Gail , Ali Talha , Feeney Brooke C. , Marottoli Richard , Gaugler Joseph E. , Birditt Kira 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: This study examined whether changes in middle-aged children’s perceptions of their parents’ activities of daily living needs (ADL needs) were associated with changes in the mutuality of support in their relationship. A group of 366 middle-aged children in Waves 1 (2008) and 2 (2013) of the Family Exchanges Study self-reported providing and receiving tangible, emotional, and informational support to and from their n = 468 parents. Increased perceived parental ADL needs were associated with increased provision of tangible and informational support to parents but not with changes in support received. Increases in perceived parental ADL needs were associated with higher incongruence for all three support types (the child providing more support than they receive).
Tumour-educated platelets for breast cancer detection: biological and technical insights
Authors: Liefaard Marte C. , Moore Kat S. , Mulder Lennart , van den Broek Daan , Wesseling Jelle , Sonke Gabe S. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , Rookus Matti , Lips Esther H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies have shown that blood platelets contain tumour-specific mRNA profiles tumour-educated platelets (TEPs). Here, we aim to train a TEP-based breast cancer detection classifier.

Methods
Platelet mRNA was sequenced from 266 women with stage I–IV breast cancer and 212 female controls from 6 hospitals. A particle swarm optimised support vector machine (PSO-SVM) and an elastic net-based classifier (EN) were trained on 71% of the study population. Classifier performance was evaluated in the remainder (29%) of the population, followed by validation in an independent set (37 cases and 36 controls). Potential confounding was assessed in post hoc analyses.

Results
Both classifiers reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85 upon internal validation. Reproducibility in the independent validation set was poor with an AUC of 0.55 and 0.54 for the PSO-SVM and EN classifier, respectively. Post hoc analyses indicated that 19% of the variance in gene expression was associated with hospital. Genes related to platelet activity were differentially expressed between hospitals.

Conclusions
We could not validate two TEP-based breast cancer classifiers in an independent validation cohort. The TEP protocol is sensitive to within-protocol variation and revision might be necessary before TEPs can be reconsidered for breast cancer detection.
The incidence, presenting clinical findings and treatment patterns of Birdshot Retinochoroiditis in a high-prevalence region: findings from Northern Ireland, England and Wales
Authors: Khalil Rana , Petrushkin Harry , Rees Angela , Westcott Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Birdshot Retinochoroiditis (BSRC) is a rare, chronic posterior uveitis that is strongly associated with HLA-A*29.2 positivity. To date, no robust incidence studies of BSRC have been undertaken. We present the first epidemiological study of BSRC in a high-prevalence region.

Methods
In collaboration with the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit, all new cases of BSRC between May 2017 and June 2019 were prospectively collected. Presenting demographics, symptoms, signs and treatment modalities were collected. A follow-up questionnaire twelve months later was also sent.

Results
Thirty-seven confirmed cases meeting the reporting criteria were identified. Twenty-three cases had both baseline and follow-up data. The total population incidence of BSRC was 0.035 cases per 100,000 person-years [95% CI 0.025–0.048 cases per 100 000 people]. 97.3% were HLA-A*29 positive. The median age was 46 years, with females making up 78% of patients. There were no significant differences in the latitudinal incidence of BSRC. At presentation, floaters were the most common symptom. Optic disc swelling was the most common sign. Mean presenting visual acuity was independent of symptom duration. Combined systemic corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapy were the most common treatments at baseline and follow-up. Intravitreal steroids were equally popular at follow-up.

Conclusions
This study provides the first nationwide estimate of the incidence of BSRC in a high-prevalence region. Cases were more common in females, with a broad range of presentation ages. No significant latitudinal effect of incidence was identified. Systemic therapy with steroids and IMT remain the most common treatments.
The effect of puppyhood and adolescent diet on the incidence of chronic enteropathy in dogs later in life
Authors: Vuori Kristiina A. , Hemida Manal , Moore Robin , Salin Siru , Rosendahl Sarah , Anturaniemi Johanna , Hielm-Björkman Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiet has a key role in the homeostasis of the gut microenvironment, influencing the microbiome, the gut barrier, host immunity and gut physiology. Yet, there is little information on the role of early diet in the onset of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders later in life, especially in dogs. Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional, epidemiological study with longitudinal data, was to explore associations of companion dogs’ early life diet style and food items with owner-reported chronic enteropathy (CE) incidence in later life. Food frequency questionnaire data from Finnish companion dogs was analyzed using principal component analysis and logistic regression. We found that feeding a non-processed meat-based diet and giving the dog human meal leftovers and table scraps during puppyhood (2–6 months) and adolescence (6–18 months) were protective against CE later in life. Especially raw bones and cartilage as well as leftovers and table scraps during puppyhood and adolescence, and berries during puppyhood were associated with less CE. In contrast, feeding an ultra-processed carbohydrate-based diet, namely dry dog food or “kibble” during puppyhood and adolescence, and rawhides during puppyhood were significant risk factors for CE later in life.
Design and experiment of a combined peeling machine for water chestnut
Authors: Zhang Guozhong , Chen Liming , Guo Zhou , Liu Haopeng , Dong Zhao , Liang Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWater chestnut is a characteristic aquatic vegetable in China, and its demand for peeling fresh fruit is increasing rapidly. Aiming at the existing problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of manual peeling, a combined water chestnut peeling machine was designed, which used a rotary knife to remove bud and root, and a differential friction belts to remove side peel. The performance of the peeling machine was tested with water chestnut from Xiaogan, Hubei Provence. Under the conditions of 200 g feeding mass and 10 r/min rotation speed, the single factor test was carried out with cutting speed as the influencing factor and the cutting rate of bud and root as the evaluation index. The results showed that the cutting rate of fresh fruit of water chestnut bud and root were 79.04% and 83.77% respectively when the cutting speed of rotary knife was 1.2 m/s. In the differential friction belts, high and low linear velocities were taken as the influencing factors, and the side peel removal rate was used as the evaluation index. The side peel removal rate was 84.93% at the high-speed linear velocity of 2.1 m/s and the low-speed linear velocity of 1.58 m/s. The performance of the whole machine was evaluated, and the results showed that the working loss of the combined water chestnut peeling machine was 43.03% and the comprehensive peeling rate was 77.43%, which reached the design requirements. This study can provide a reference for the research and development of water chestnut peeling device.