bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-in-one picture: visual summary of items in a recommender system
Authors: Pérez-Núñez Pablo , Díez Jorge , Remeseiro Beatriz , Luaces Oscar , Bahamonde Antonio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNavigation through large volumes of images is a complex and tedious task that requires tools to facilitate the exploration and discovery of visual information. Photo summaries are one of these tools, which consist of selecting a reduced set of images that best represent the original data source. However, creating photo summaries in the context of recommender systems poses several challenges: How to select the most relevant images for each item? How to encode each image? How to evaluate the quality of the generated summary? In this manuscript, we propose a clustering-based method to create a visual summary in the context of a restaurant recommender system, which includes the photos taken by users who visited the restaurants (items) in a given city. These photos are encoded using a deep neural network that takes into account not only their content but also the relationships between users and restaurants. This encoding will allow us to create a visual summary that captures the essence of user tastes and illustrates the gastronomic offer of the city. We also propose a similarity measure between items based on the users who have visited them and an evaluation method that calculates to what extent the summary obtained represents the original data source. The experimentation carried out includes five datasets and the obtained results demonstrate the adequacy of our proposal for the construction of these summaries.
Human-centred feasibility restoration in practice
Authors: Senthooran Ilankaikone , Klapperstueck Matthias , Belov Gleb , Czauderna Tobias , Leo Kevin , Wallace Mark , Wybrow Michael , Garcia de la Banda Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDecision systems for solving real-world combinatorial problems must be able to report infeasibility in such a way that users can understand the reasons behind it, and determine how to modify the problem to restore feasibility. Current methods mainly focus on reporting one or more subsets of the problem constraints that cause infeasibility. Methods that also show users how to restore feasibility tend to be less flexible and/or problem-dependent. We describe a problem-independent approach to feasibility restoration that combines existing techniques from the literature in novel ways to yield meaningful, useful, practical, and flexible user support. We evaluated the resulting framework on three real-world applications and conducted a qualitative expert user study with participants from different application domains.
A people-centred framework for exploring water, energy and food security in a small developing island
Authors: Newman Rebecca J. S. , Thorn Jessica P. R. , Haji Tahir A. , Nchimbi Aziza Y. , Musa Irene , Enns Charis , Marchant Robert A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall developing islands face a number of environmental and social pressures which impact resource security. This study uses a people-centred framework to investigate social-ecological interactions for water, energy and food security. Ten semi-structured focus group discussions were conducted in Pemba and Unguja islands with village elders and leaders. Results demonstrate that shocks and stresses affecting resource security are attributed to land use and resource competition, deforestation, climate change and insufficient resource infrastructure. The scale and strength of such pressures are heightened in dry seasons and also correspond with spatial characteristics such as remoteness, intensity of land use and amount of natural resource capital. Whilst a number of adaptive responses are identified, these appear to be incremental and do not address the scale of the challenge. Maladaptive responses are also identified; most concerning is the use of poor quality water when piped water was disrupted, reduced nutritional intake during dry season and using unsustainable supplies or methods of obtaining of fuelwood. Findings illustrate the importance of using people-centred approaches for understanding the complexity of social-ecological interactions for resource security. They also demonstrate that interventions for resource management need to consider spatial heterogeneity and temporality in terms of how specific land cover uses connect to differential pressures and adaptation capacity over time.
Pre‐Vegetation, Single‐Thread Rivers Sustained by Cohesive, Fine‐Grained Bank Sediments: Mesoproterozoic Stoer Group, NW Scotland
Authors: Valenza Jeffery M. , Ganti Vamsi , Whittaker Alexander C. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA Silurian shift in fluvial stratigraphic architecture, coincident with the appearance of terrestrial vegetation in the fossil record, is traditionally cited as evidence for exclusively shallow, braided planforms in pre‐vegetation rivers. While recent recognition of deep, single‐thread channels in pre‐Silurian strata challenge this paradigm, it is unclear how these rivers maintained stable banks. Here, we reconstruct paleohydraulics and channel planform from fluvial cross‐strata of the 1.2 Ga Stoer Group. These deposits are consistent with deep (4–7 m), low‐sloping rivers (2.7 × 10−4 to 4.5 × 10−5), similar in morphometry to modern single‐thread rivers. We show that reconstructed bank shear stresses approximate the cohesion provided by sand‐mud mixtures with 30%–45% mud—consistent with Stoer floodplain facies composition. These results indicate that sediment cohesion from mud alone could have fostered deep, single‐thread, pre‐vegetation rivers. We suggest that the Silurian stratigraphic shift could mark a kinematic change in channel migration rate rather than a diversification of planform.
Plasma lipid metabolites as potential biomarkers for identifying individuals at risk of obesity-induced metabolic complications
Authors: Bellot Paula Emília Nunes Ribeiro , Braga Erik Sobrinho , Omage Folorunsho Bright , da Silva Nunes Francisca Leide , Lima Severina Carla Vieira Cunha , Lyra Clélia Oliveira , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Pedrosa Lucia Fatima Campos , Barbosa Fernando , Tasic Ljubica , Sena-Evangelista Karine Cavalcanti Maurício 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLipidomics studies have indicated an association between obesity and lipid metabolism dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate and compare cardiometabolic risk factors, and the lipidomic profile in adults and older people. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 72 individuals, divided into two sex and age-matched groups: obese (body mass index—BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; n = 36) and non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2; n = 36). The lipidomic profiles were evaluated in plasma using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Obese individuals had higher waist circumference (p < 0.001), visceral adiposity index (p = 0.029), homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.010), and triacylglycerols (TAG) levels (p = 0.018). 1H-NMR analysis identified higher amounts of saturated lipid metabolite fragments, lower levels of unsaturated lipids, and some phosphatidylcholine species in the obese group. Two powerful machine learning (ML) models—k-nearest neighbors (kNN) and XGBoost (XGB) were employed to characterize the lipidomic profile of obese individuals. The results revealed metabolic alterations associated with obesity in the NMR signals. The models achieved high accuracy of 86% and 81%, respectively. The feature importance analysis identified signal at 1.50–1.60 ppm (–CO–CH2–CH2–, Cholesterol and fatty acid in TAG, Phospholipids) to have the highest importance in the two models.
Traveling salesman problem solution using magnonic combinatorial device
Authors: Balinskyy Mykhaylo , Khitun Aleksandr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTraveling salesman problem (TSP) is a decision-making problem that is essential for a number of practical applications. Today, this problem is solved on digital computers exploiting Boolean-type architecture by checking one by one a number of possible routes. In this work, we describe a special type of hardware for the TSP solution. It is a magnonic combinatorial device comprising magnetic and electric parts connected in the active ring circuit. There is a number of possible propagation routes in the magnetic mesh made of phase shifters, frequency filters, and attenuators. The phase shifters mimic cities in TSP while the distance between the cities is encoded in the signal attenuation. The set of frequency filters makes the waves on different frequencies propagate through the different routes. The principle of operation is based on the classical wave superposition. There is a number of waves coming in all possible routes in parallel accumulating different phase shifts and amplitude damping. However, only the wave(s) that accumulates the certain phase shift will be amplified by the electric part. The amplification comes first to the waves that possess the minimum propagation losses. It makes this type of device suitable for TSP solution, where waves are similar to the salesmen traveling in all possible routes at a time. We present the results of numerical modeling illustrating the TSP solutions for four and six cities. Also, we present experimental data for the TSP solution with four cities. The prototype device is built of commercially available components including magnetic phase shifters/filters, coaxial cables, splitters, attenuators, and a broadband amplifier. There are three examples of finding the shortest route between the cities for three different sets of city-to-city distances. The proposed approach is scalable to TSP with a larger number of cities. Physical limits and challenges are also discussed.
MaskDis R‐CNN: An instance segmentation algorithm with adversarial network for herd pigs
Authors: Tu Shuqin , Zeng Qiantao , Liu Haofeng , Liang Yun , Liu Xiaolong , Huang Lei , Huang Zhengxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe current instance segmentation method can achieve satisfactory results in common scenarios. However, under the overlap or partial occlusion between targets caused by the complex scenes, accurate segmentation of pigs remains a challenging task. To address the problem, the authors propose an instance segmentation method based on Mask Scoring region‐based convolutional neural networks (R‐CNN) (MS R‐CNN), which creates the adversarial network called MaskDis in the head branch of MS R‐CNN. The MaskDis is trained as a discriminator using a generative adversarial network, and the MS R‐CNN model is used as a generator during model training. The adversarial training enables the generator to learn context information and features at the pixel level, which effectively improves the segmentation quality under pigs’ overlapping or dense occlusions scenes. Experimental conducted on the pig object segmentation dataset show that the proposed approach achieves a precision of 92.03%, a recall of 92.18%, and an F1 score of 0.9210. Compared with the basic MS R‐CNN model, the approach achieved a 2.25% improvement in precision and 1.18% improvement in F1 score. Furthermore, the improved approach outperformed advanced instance segmentation methods such as YOLACT, Swin Transformer, YOLOv5‐seg, and SOLOv2 on COCO evaluation metrics. These experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in instance segmentation of pigs in complex scenes, providing technical support for non‐contact pig automatic management.
Sklerodermie – „die harte Haut“
Authors: Speidel Jil , Hunzelmann Nicolas , Moinzadeh Pia 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungUnter dem Begriff Sklerodermie ist eine heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen zusammengefasst, die eine kutane Sklerose gemeinsam haben. Die einzelnen Erkrankungen variieren in der Beteiligung betroffener Strukturen wie Haut, Fettgewebe, Muskulatur, Gelenkstrukturen, Knochen, innerer Organe und der damit einhergehenden Krankheitsausprägung. Es lassen sich grundsätzlich zwei verschiedene Subtypen unterscheiden: die lokalisierte Sklerodermie (LoS) und die systemische Sklerose (SSc), die sich jeweils in weitere Subgruppen unterteilen lassen. Es handelt sich um zwei verschiedene Erkrankungen, die sich in der Ausprägung der Hautsklerosierung, der Beteiligung innerer Organe, im Antikörper-Profil, im Krankheitsmanagement sowie der Prognose unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus gibt es Krankheitsbilder, die eine Sklerodermie imitieren und daher als sklerodermie-artige Erkrankungen oder auch als Pseudosklerodermien bezeichnet werden. Um die richtige Diagnose stellen zu können, ist ein standardisiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen bedeutsam. Die frühe Diagnosestellung ist wichtig, um frühzeitige eine Therapie einleiten zu können und so funktionelle kutane und extrakutane Einschränkungen und auch kosmetische Schäden gering halten zu können.
Ultrathin metamaterial-based refractive index sensor for biomedical applications
Authors: Anwar Shahzad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work presented an ultrathin terahertz metamaterial-based sensor in the terahertz region. The suggested design comprised of gold metasurface atop on layer of dielectric spacer and a layer of gold at the bottom. The simulation results display dual frequencies found at 1.04 THz and 2.655 THz with absorptance rate closed to 100%. The suggested design displays sharp peaks and a maximum Q value of 132.75 in the dual-band absorptance profile. Moreover, the suggested sensor displays polarization independence which will eradicate the polarization demand of the device. The dual peaks of the suggested sensor are extremely sensitive to the refractive index variation of surrounding medium. Furthermore, the suggested sensor sensitivity increases up to 0.76 THz RIU−1 and figure of merit (FOM) reaches up to 38 RIU−1 lies between 1 to 2 RI range at 50 μm analyte thickness selected. Additionally, the sensor device has the ability of detection of glucose and malaria infection with high sensitivity and FOM.
Thermodynamic quantities and phase transitions of five-dimensional de Sitter hairy spacetime*
Authors: Li Xin-Ping , Zhang Li-Chun , Ma Yu-Bo , Li Huai-Fan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, we take the mass, electric charge, hair parameter, and cosmological constant of five-dimensional de Sitter hairy spacetime as the state parameters of the thermodynamic system, and when these state parameters satisfy the first law of thermodynamics, the equivalent thermodynamic quantities of spacetime and the Smarr relation of five-dimensional de Sitter hairy spacetime are obtained. Then, we study the thermodynamic characteristics of the spacetime described by these equivalent thermodynamic quantities and find that de Sitter hairy spacetime has a phase transition and critical phenomena similar to those of van de Waals systems or charged AdS black holes. It is shown that the phase transition point of de Sitter hairy spacetime is determined by the ratio of two event horizon positions and the cosmic event horizon position. We discuss the influence of the hair parameter and electric charge on the critical point. We also find that the isochoric heat capacity of the spacetime is not zero, which is consistent with the ordinary thermodynamic system but differs from the isochoric heat capacity of AdS black holes, which is zero. Using the Ehrenfest equations, we prove that the critical phase transition is a second order equilibrium phase transition. Research on the thermodynamic properties of five-dimensional de Sitter hairy spacetime lays a foundation for finding a universal de Sitter spacetime thermodynamic system and studying its thermodynamic properties. Our universe is an asymptotically dS spacetime, and the thermodynamic characteristics of de Sitter hairy spacetime will help us understand the evolution of spacetime and provide a theoretical basis to explore the physical mechanism of the accelerated expansion of the universe.
Statistical Properties of Alfvén Ion Cyclotron Waves and Kinetic Alfvén Waves in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Sun Chang , Yang Lei , Li Qiu-Huan , Dai Cun-Li , Li Jian-Ping , Cheng Zheng-Wei , Wu De-Jin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Alfvén ion cyclotron waves (ACWs) and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are found to exist at <0.3 au observed by Parker Solar Probe in Alfvénic slow solar winds. To examine the statistical properties of the background parameters for ACWs and KAWs and related wave disturbances, both wave events observed by Parker Solar Probe are selected and analyzed. The results show that there are obvious differences in the background and disturbance parameters between ACWs and KAWs. ACW events have a relatively higher occurrence rate but with a total duration slightly shorter than KAW events. The median background magnetic field magnitude and the related background solar wind speed of KAW events are larger than those of ACWs. The distributions of the relative disturbances of the proton velocity, proton temperature, the proton number density, and β cover wider ranges for ACW events than for KAW events. The results may be important for the understanding of the nature and characteristics of Alfvénic slow solar wind fluctuations at ion scales near the Sun, and provide the information of the background field and plasma parameters and the wave disturbances of ACWs and KAWs for further relevant theoretical modeling or numerical simulations.
A cell–electrode interface signal-to-noise ratio model for 3D micro-nano electrode
Authors: Yin Shuqing , Li Yang , Lu Ruoyu , Guo Lihua , Wang Yansheng , Liu Chong , Li Jingmin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Three-dimensional micro-nano electrodes (MNEs) with the vertical nanopillar array distributed on the surface play an increasingly important role in neural science research. The geometric parameters of the nanopillar array and the cell adhesion state on the nanopillar array are the factors that may affect the MNE recording. However, the quantified relationship between these parameters and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is still unclear. This paper establishes a cell–MNE interface SNR model and obtains the mathematical relationship between the above parameters and SNR. Approach. The equivalent electrical circuit and numerical simulation are used to study the sensing performance of the cell–electrode interface. The adhesion state of cells on MNE is quantified as engulfment percentage, and an equivalent cleft width is proposed to describe the signal loss caused by clefts between the cell membrane and the electrode surface. Main results. Whether the planar substrate is insulated or not, the SNR of MNE is greater than planar microelectrode only when the engulfment percentage is greater than a certain value. Under the premise of maximum engulfment percentage, the spacing and height of nanopillars should be minimized, and the radius of the nanopillar should be maximized for better signal quality. Significance. The model can clarify the mechanism of improving SNR by nanopillar arrays and provides the theoretical basis for the design of such nanopillar neural electrodes.
Influence of Biochar Application and Gypsum Content on some Hydrophysical Characteristics of a Gypsiferous Soil
Authors: Kurdi A. A. , Shihab R. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effect of biochar addition and gypsum content on some hydrophysical properties and soil quality index. Soil samples with gypsum content (G2) 100, (G3) 150, (G4) 200, (G5) 250 and (G6) 350 g kg-1, were prepared by mixing a surface soil sample for a depth of 0-10 cm with a gypsum content (G1) 60 g kg-1 and a subsurface soil sample from a depth of 60-100 cm with a gypsum content (G7) 443 g kg-1 at the research station of the College of Agriculture / Tikrit University. biochar was imported from the Plantonix company, boichar were mixed with the soil at a ratio of (B0) 0,(B1) 20, (B2) 40,(B3) 60,(B4) 80 g kg -1, then the prepared soil samples were moistened by spraying to within two-thirds of the field capacity, then incubated in open plastic containers with continuous stirring daily for two months for the purpose of homogenization. After the end of the incubation period, the soil samples were air dried and passed through a sieve with 2 mm openings. Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) gave highest values for biochar is 4.68,4.29,4.03,3.75 and 2.57 mm for gypsum levels, respectively. While it was less value for the comparison treatment. While the physical soil quality index gave the highest value when the treatment G4B3 reached 0.045 (good) while it was the lowest value when the treatment G1B2 reached 0.024 (weak or weak).and the results Infiltration were decreased at a content of 60 g kg-1 reaching 1.29 cm. Despite this, it was significantly superior to the comparison treatment, which amounted to 0.97 cm. Then increased significantly with increasing boichar content. They were 0.97, 1.64, 1.54, 1.29 and 1.98 cm for the biochar content of B4–B0, respectively.
A biochar and Fulvic Acid Usage-Based Approach to Reduce Pollution Resulting from the use of Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Shaltout Nouran H. A. , Ibrahim Ahmed H. , Abdel-Fattah Mohamed K. , Abdou Ahmed I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, due to pollution in world due to due to excessive consumption of mineral fertilizers, the limiting or minimizing their use has become a major strategy for environmentalists. The research work objective was to reduce quantities of mineral fertilizers, especially NPK fertilizers, by gradually replacing nitrogen fertilizers with fulvic acid and biochar. Four different combinations of mineral fertilizers were used as soil application (NPK1: 120, 160 and 143, NPK2: 180, 310 and 190, NPK3: 240, 475 and 240 and NPK4: 300, 635 and 285 kg ha-1), biochar as soil application (B0: without biochar, B1: 15 and B2: 30 Mg ha-1) and fulvic acid as foliar addition (FA0: without fulvic acid and FA1: 0.2, gL-1) were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants. The results indicated general increment trend in almost investigated parameters with increasing fertilizers level especially that combined with biochar at any rate and fulvic acid. The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg-1) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg-1) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA. Unlike, maximum K contents (216.79 and 214.88 mgkg-1) were reported under adding the NPK4 or with B2 without FA. The grain yield recorded maximum values (5 Mg ha-1) under combined application of maximum NPK fertilizer level, 30 Mg ha-1 of biochar and fulvic acid while applying the minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acid resulted in the lowest values (2.94 Mg ha-1). The results showed that it is possible to partially reduce the quantities of mineral fertilizers used and replace them with a complementary addition from fulvic acid and biochar, and this is reflected in the reduction of environmental pollution resulting from the use of mineral fertilizers. Also, the combination of NPK and biochar led to an improvement in the productivity of wheat grown in sandy lands, as it reduced the loss of nutrients, and the addition of fulvic acid led to an increase in plant resistance to stress conditions that appear under sandy soil conditions.