bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between MIS-C and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uygun Hatice , Yavuz Sibel , Şahin Tarık , Erdem Nurettin , Turgut Mehmet 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious complication of coronavirus disease 2019 which causes a hyperinflammatory syndrome that can affect all organ systems. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a heterogeneous disease spectrum with unclear etiology. Today, it is known that low-grade inflammation can cause FGIDs. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether there is a higher frequency of FGID in children diagnosed with MIS-C.
Methods In this study, 48 pediatric patients diagnosed with MIS-C were evaluated for functional gastrointestinal diseases according to the Rome IV criteria at least 6 months after diagnosis. The control group consisted of 61 pediatric patients without any chronic disease.
Results In our study, the overall prevalence of FGIDs was 54.1% (n = 26) in the patient group and 22.9% (n = 14) in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The frequencies of undiagnosed abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, and dyspepsia were 41.6% (n = 20), 12.5% (n = 6), 8.3% (n = 4), and 6.2% (n = 3) in the patient group, respectively. In the control group, the corresponding rates were 9.8% (n = 6), 3.2% (n = 2), 4.9% (n = 3), and 4.9% (n = 3), respectively. A significant difference was observed between the patient and control groups in terms of functional abdominal pain (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The overall frequency of FGIDs and the prevalence of functional abdominal pain were higher in MIS-C patients than in control subjects. The data from this study support the hypothesis that FGIDs are more common in patients diagnosed with MIS-C than in healthy controls.
Political economy of COVID-19: windows of opportunities and contestations in East Africa
Authors: Canwat Vincent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 and its control measures remain contested issues in literature. While some of the literature views COVID-19 and its responses as neutral events serving the common good, other parts of the literature considers them partial events serving personal interests. This study analyses the political economy of COVID-19 in East Africa by assessing how COVID-19 and its control affected public and private policy actors and how the actors responded to them. Based on a systematic review, the study found that the pandemic and its control generated political and economic opportunities and contestations. Politically, COVID-19 and its control measures presented opportunities to suppress and oppress opposition, conduct political campaigns, provide patronage, and conduct selective enforcement. Economically, the pandemic and its responses presented opportunities to generate income and benefits for the government and its employees, businesses, and ordinary citizens. However, these opportunities were exploited to serve personal political and economic interests. COVID-19 responses also generated a lot of discontent, leading to contestations from many policy actors. The actors contested COVID-19 vaccines and science, role allocation during the response, selective enforcement of COVID-19 directives, corruption in relief provision, and the brutality of security forces. The contestations and pursuit of personal political and economic interests compromised the effectiveness of the COVID-19 response.
Collective action improves elite-driven governance in rural development within China
Authors: Li Yurui , Qin Xiaofei , Sullivan Abigail , Chi Guangqing , Lu Zhi , Pan Wei , Liu Yansui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRural areas are at the forefront of achieving sustainable development goals, and elite actors tend to be the most influential local decision-makers in rural development. Nevertheless, improving the effectiveness of governance by elites and avoiding or redressing “elite capture” remain key challenges for sustainable rural development globally. This research integrates a large-scale quantitative dataset consisting of 604 villages in seven counties of Jiangsu province in China with qualitative data from eight villages in three out of the seven counties to examine whether and how collective action mediates the correlation between rural elites and rural development. Our quantitative analysis using multiple regression and path analysis indicates that collective action is a mediator, but it is more influential in linking governing elites than in linking economic elites with rural development. Our case studies with interviews further illuminate that collective action fuels rural development by improving resource reallocation and resource-use efficiency with the participation of both elites and non-elites. Innovative collective action designs that leverage a reputation effect to foster reciprocity norms promote the participation of elites while discouraging elite capture. Additionally, this research contributes to longstanding debates in commons governance about the role of authority interventions: we find evidence justifying the benefits of authority in catalyzing and sustaining collective action while also corroborating the critical role of democratization in improving rural governance by elites.
How does the COVID-19 pandemic influence students’ academic activities? An explorative study in a public university in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Bijoya , Atiqul Haq Shah Md , Ahmed Khandaker Jafor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe global impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has spared no sector, causing significant socioeconomic, demographic, and particularly noteworthy educational repercussions. Among the areas significantly affected, the education systems worldwide have experienced profound changes, especially in countries like Bangladesh. In this context, numerous educational institutions in Bangladesh decided to temporarily suspend classes in situations where a higher risk of infection was perceived. Nevertheless, the tertiary education sector, including public universities, encountered substantial challenges when establishing and maintaining effective online education systems. This research uses a qualitative approach to explore the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the academic pursuits of students enrolled in public universities in Bangladesh. The study involved the participation of 30 students from a public university, who were interviewed in-depth using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. The findings of this study reveal unforeseen disruptions in students’ learning processes (e.g., the closure of libraries, seminars, and dormitories, and the postponement of academic and administrative activities), highlighting the complications associated with online education, particularly the limitations it presents for practical and laboratory-based learning. Additionally, a decline in both energy levels and study hours has been observed, along with an array of physical, mental, and financial challenges that directly correlate with educational activities. These outcomes emphasize the need for a hybrid academic approach within tertiary educational institutions in Bangladesh and other developing nations facing similar sociocultural and socioeconomic contexts.
Full aperture backscatter diagnostics for characterization of laser plasma instabilities at the extreme light infrastructure (ELI) beamlines
Authors: Wasser F. , Zähter Ş. , Sokol M. , Rivers M. , Atzeni S. , Condamine F. P. , Cristoforetti G. , Fauvel G. , Fischer N. , Gizzi L. A. , Hannasch A. , Hesse M. , Laštovička T. , Lutz P. , Rubovič P. , Schaumann G. , Schott N. , Singh R. L. , Theobald W. , Weber S. , Ditmire T. , Forner T. , Roth M. 
Published: September 2023

We report on the commissioning of a full aperture backscatter diagnostics station for the kilojoule, nanosecond high repetition rate L4n laser operating at a wavelength of 527 nm at the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) - Beamlines, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic. Light scattered back from laser–plasma interaction into the cone of the final focusing lens is captured and split into different channels to measure the signatures of laser plasma instabilities from stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, and two plasmon decay with respect to back scattered energy, its spectrum, and its temporal profile. The performance was confirmed in a commissioning experiment with more than 800 shots at laser intensities ranging from 0.5 × 1013 to 1.1 × 1015 W cm−2. These diagnostics are permanently installed at ELI Beamlines, and can be used to understand the details of laser–plasma interactions in experiments with kJ and 527 nm light. The large number of shots that can be collected in an experimental campaign will allow us to study the details of the laser–plasma interaction with a high level of confidence.
Flexible thin film optical solar reflectors with Ta2O5-based multimaterial coatings for space radiative cooling
Authors: Xiao Wei , Dai Peng , Singh H. Johnson , Ajia Idris A. , Yan Xingzhao , Wiecha Peter R. , Huang Ruomeng , de Groot C. H. (Kees) , Muskens Otto L. , Sun Kai 
Published: September 2023

Optical Solar Reflectors (OSRs) combine low solar radiation absorption (α) and high broadband infrared emissivity (ε) and are applied to the external surface of spacecraft for its thermal management. Bulk glass OSR tiles are the incumbent, but ultra-lightweight and thin-film flexible OSR coatings are raising considerable interest for both space and terrestrial radiative cooling applications. In this work, a genetic algorithm combined with a transfer matrix method is used for the design and optimization of multimaterial thin-film OSRs for broadband radiative cooling. The algorithm simultaneously optimizes the spectral performance of the OSR at two parts of the wavelength spectrum, solar (0.3–2.5 μm) and thermal infrared (2.5–30 μm). The designed optimized OSR structure consists of 18 alternating layers of three materials, SiN, SiO2, and Ta2O5, on top of an Al mirror backreflector, with a total thickness of only 2.088 μm. The optimized multilayer stack contributes distributed Bragg reflections that reduce the residual solar absorption below that of an uncoated Al mirror. The optimized OSR is demonstrated experimentally on a 150 mm (6 in.) Si wafer and on a flexible polyimide substrate using a production level reactive sputtering tool. The fabricated thin film OSR shows good thermal-optical property with α = 0.11 and ε = 0.75 and achieves a net cooling power of 150.1 W/m2 under conditions of one sun total solar irradiance in space. The ultrathin coating fabricated using hard inorganic materials facilitates its integration onto flexible foils and enables large-scale manufacture of low-cost OSRs for broadband radiative cooling applications.
Radio frequency electrical resistance measurement under destructive pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Shitaokoshi T. , Kawachi S. , Nomura T. , Balakirev F. F. , Kohama Y. 
Published: September 2023

We developed a resistance measurement using radio frequency reflection to investigate the electrical transport characteristics under destructive pulsed magnetic fields above 100 T. A sample stage consisting of a homemade flexible printed circuit reduced the noise caused by the induced voltage from the pulsed magnetic fields, improving the accuracy of the measurements of the reflected waves. From the obtained reflectance data, the absolute value of the magnetoresistance was successfully determined by analyzing the phase with admittance charts. These developments enable more accurate and comprehensive measurements of electrical resistance in pulsed magnetic fields.
Constructing an oxygen vacancy- and hydroxyl-rich TiO2-supported Pd catalyst with improved Pd dispersion and catalytic stability
Authors: Liu Huimin , Yuan Chenyi , Wu Shipeng , Sun Chao , Huang Zhen , Xu Hualong , Shen Wei 
Published: September 2023

Surface property modification of catalyst support is a straightforward approach to optimize the performance of supported noble metal catalysts. In particular, oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups play significant roles in promoting noble metal dispersion on catalysts as well as catalytic stability. In this study, we developed a nanoflower-like TiO2-supported Pd catalyst that has a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyl groups compared to that of commercial anatase and P25 support. Notably, due to the distinctive structure of the nanoflower-like TiO2, our catalyst exhibited improved dispersion and stabilization of Pd species and the formation of abundant reactive oxygen species, thereby facilitating the activation of CO and O2 molecules. As a result, the catalyst showed remarkable efficiency in catalyzing the low-temperature CO oxidation reaction with a complete CO conversion at 80 °C and stability for over 100 h.
Molecular ecology of the Javanese ricefish, Oryzias javanicus (Bleeker): genetic divergence along the Indonesian Archipelago
Authors: Hardianto Eko , Hirayama Mio , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Imai Hideyuki 
Published: September 2023

Context Investigating the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of the Javanese ricefish, Oryzias javanicus, is instrumental in identifying their dispersal patterns and demographics in response to ecological changes and biogeographical barriers. Aims To acquire a better understanding of the evolutionary history of Javanese ricefish. Methods We sequenced part of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in 335 individuals and genotyped 280 individuals for four microsatellite loci from seven Indonesian sites. Key results Both genetic diversity (h = 0.19–0.86 and DIVGene = 0.10–0.43) and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.06–0.61%) were low compared with other fish taxa. The analysis of molecular variance showed considerable genetic differences (P < 0.0001) for both genetic markers across all sampled locations. These results suggest that there has been a historical restriction on gene flow. Conclusion The observed population-structure pattern reflects a short pelagic larval development, which is closely linked to a restricted dispersal potential. This ultimately leads to isolation by distance, potentially allowing local adaptation to sites that augment any oceanographic, geographic, or biological barriers to gene flow. Implications The results presented in this study can be used to create more effective ways to protect the species in question.
Pedal Power to the People? Cycle Tourism and Local Economic Development in Cuba
Authors: Sharpe Erin 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Cycle tourism is a rapidly growing niche sector of the tourism industry and has been highlighted for its potential as a tool for socio-economic development, particularly in rural communities. Although tourism is well established in Cuba, it is primarily beach-based and massively controlled by state entities. However, Cuba has recently made a series of legislative changes intended to grow private sector small business opportunities. These changes open up the possibility for Cuban people to play a greater economic role in tourism than previously, if opportunities can be identified and challenges overcome. This case study considers the potential of cycle tourism as a form of people-powering tourism in Cuba. Using interview, field-based, and textual data, this case study maps the current state of cycle tourism, its actors and their interactions, and the opportunities, current challenges, and requirements to grow people-powering cycling tourism in Cuba.

Information
© The Author 2023
Angular dependence of the magnetization relaxation in Co/Pt multilayers
Authors: Adhikari Anil , Herrington Bryce , Nguyen Nhat , Zielinski Ruthi , Mahmood Ather , Adenwalla Shireen , Streubel Robert 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the influence of defects in Co/Pt multilayers on the room-temperature magnetization reversal and relaxation mechanisms via angle-dependent magnetic viscosity and coercive field measurements. The data reveal a transition from pinning-dominated domain wall propagation to a sequence of pinning-dominated and uniform switching, with increasing tilt away from the normal direction. The leading role of the dendritic domain wall propagation in the nanogranular exchange-coupled films is corroborated by the scaling of relaxation times, the angular dependence of the coercive field, and Kerr microscopy.
High-mobility spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of EuTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
Authors: Wang Zhao-Cai , Zhang Ying , Li Zheng-Nan , Li Shuang-Shuang , Ying Jing-Shi , Yan Wei , Chen Lei , Zhang Shu-Juan , Luo Fu-Sheng , Zhao Weiyao , Ye Mao , Zheng Ren-Kui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spin polarization of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the interface of EuTiO3/SrTiO3(STO) heterostructures has been theoretical predicted and experimentally observed via x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and polarized x-ray absorption spectroscopy, which, however, is lack of magnetotransport evidence. Here, we report the fabrication of high-quality EuTiO3/STO heterostructures by depositing antiferromagnetic insulating EuTiO3 thin films onto STO substrates. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation, Hall, and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements show that the interface is not only highly conducting, with electron mobility up to

5.5
×

10
3

cm2V−1s−1 at 1.8 K, but also shows low-field hysteretic MR effects. MR of ∼9% is observed at 1.8 K and 20 Oe, which is one order of magnitude higher than those observed in other spin-polarized 2DEG oxide systems. Moreover, the heterostructures show ferromagnetic hysteresis loops. These results demonstrate that the high-mobility 2DEG is spin polarized, whose origin is attributed to the interfacial Ti3+-3d states due to oxygen deficiency and the exchange interactions between interfacial Eu spins and itinerant Ti-3d electrons.
An enhanced outlier processing approach based on the resilient mathematical model compensation in GNSS precise positioning and navigation
Authors: Zhang Zhetao , Li Xuezhen , Yuan Haijun , Luo Yiran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The abnormal measurements are widely existent in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precise positioning and navigation mainly because of the diffraction, reflection, refraction, and even non-line-of-sight reception. However, when multiple outliers exist in GNSS measurements, traditional methods including test procedure or robust estimation usually cannot work well. This study proposed an enhanced outlier processing approach based on the resilient mathematical model compensation. Specifically, first, to avoid excessive deletion, the total number of measurements is considered in the adaptive test procedure with the help of a scale factor. Second, in adaptive robust estimation, the total number of remaining measurements is also considered, thus making it more compatible with the adaptive test procedure. In addition, to overcome the potential inappropriate reweighting operator, different shrinking factors are adopted for code and phase measurements according to their precision, respectively. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, one static monitoring experiment and one kinematic vehicle experiment were conducted, where the method without outlier processing, traditional test procedure, traditional robust estimation, and the proposed method were all used. For the static experiment, the ambiguity resolution and positioning solutions of the proposed method perform best. The positioning accuracy of the float and fixed solutions can be improved by approximately 67.4% and 77.6% on average under challenging environments, respectively. For the kinematic experiment, the performance is also the best in terms of positioning availability and accuracy by using the proposed method.
The characterisation of a phase micro-stepper
Authors: Křen Petr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The frequency steering of the local standard time is a common procedure for the timekeeping. The local radiofrequency reference output is modified by a phase and frequency offset generator to corresponds to the global timescales such as the International Atomic Time and Coordinated Universal Time timescales. The phase and frequency offset generator, also known as the phase micro-stepper, is used for such timescales for many years but it has not been very well characterized. It will be shown for a particular type of the phase micro-stepper that its phase delay error can exceed 10 ps and its frequency offset error can be relatively more than 10−16 of the reference frequency.
Large-view x-ray imaging for medical applications using the world’s only vertically polarized synchrotron radiation beam and a single asymmetric Si crystal
Authors: Kamezawa Chika , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Tokunaga Chiho , Tsukada Toru , Matushita Shonosuke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. X-ray microangiography provides detailed information on the internal structure and function of a biological subject. Its ability to evaluate the microvasculature of small animals is useful for acquiring basic and clinical medical knowledge. The following three conditions are necessary to attain detailed knowledge of biological functions: (1) high temporal resolution with sufficient x-ray intensity, (2) high spatial resolution, and (3) a wide field of view. Because synchrotron radiation microangiography systems provide high sapatial resolution and high temporal resolution as a result of their high x-ray intensity, such systems have been developed at various synchrotron radiation facilities, starting with the photon factory, leading to numerous medical discoveries. However, the three aforementioned functions are incompatible with the use of synchrotron radiation because the x-ray intensity decreases when a wide field of view is obtained. To overcome these problems, we developed a new x-ray optical system for microangiography in rats using synchrotron radiation x-rays. Approach. Instead of using monochromatic synchrotron radiation x-rays with a conventional double-crystal monochromator, we used white synchrotron radiation x-rays and an asymmetric Si crystal to simultaneously monochromatize the beam and widen the field of view. Main results. The intensity profile and spatial resolution of the x-ray images were then evaluated. The proposed x-ray optics increased the x-ray intensity and beam width by factors of 1.3 and 2.7, respectively, compared with those of conventional monochromatic x-rays. In addition, in vivo studies on microangiography in rats were performed to confirm that the images had sufficient intensity, spatial resolution, and field of view. One of a series of images taken at 50 ms frame−1 was shown as an example. Significance. This x-ray optics provides sufficient x-ray intensity, high spatial resolution, and a wide field of view. This technique is expected providing new insights into the evaluation of the vascular system.