bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Degradation Study of 4‐Chlorophenol Using Magnesium Ferrite Catalysts Prepared by Solution Combustion
Authors: Ashok Aromal , Reesh Ibrahim Abu , Kumar Anand 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTElectrochemical degradation of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) was investigated using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) over magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4), iron‐oxide and magnesium‐oxide in presence of 4‐CP in varying concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mg/L. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of these catalysts in achieving high current densities during the degradation process, and to understand their relation with the structural properties of the catalysts obtained from standard characterization techniques. Our results indicate that the MgO catalyst shows a poor current density for electrocatalytic degradation of 4‐CP. However, when MgO is used in presence of iron oxide, as in MgFe2O4, a high current density for 4‐CP degradation is observed, indicating the synergistic role of MgFe system in improving catalytic activity. On the other hand, iron oxide alone showed the highest current density, however, most of which is expected to be associated with water splitting as opposed to 4‐CP degradation. Our findings highlight the potential of magnesium ferrite based mixed oxide catalysts in environmental applications, and also provide insights into the role of Mg in modulating catalytic performance. Additionally, this work also emphasizes the role of implementing RDE technique in identifying suitable catalysts for studying 4‐CP degradation in wastewater.
Authenticity and Bioactive Markers Search in the Phenolic‐Rich Extracts of Asteraceae Medicinal Plants Through Integrative Computational Chemometrics
Authors: Garcia‐Perez Pascual , Garcia‐Oliveira Paula , Finimundy Tiane C. , Pinela Jose , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Nenadić Marija , Soković Marina , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Barros Lillian , Prieto Miguel A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Asteraceae family has been of significant concern for ethnobotanical studies, thanks to its health‐promoting properties linked to a plethora of bioactive compounds, among which phenolic compounds play a critical role. In this work, a workflow based on computational chemometrics was employed to assess the authenticity and biomarker search of five key Asteraceae species commonly employed in traditional medicine. The UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS–MS phenolic profile of Asteraceae extracts was combined with the evaluation of several in vitro biological properties. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs), chicoric acids, and flavonoid glycosides were reported as authenticity markers of Achillea millefolium, Taraxacum officinale, and Arnica montana, respectively. The integration of phenolic profile and in vitro bioactivities provide insights for the identification of trans 3,5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5‐O‐diCQA) and isorhamnetin glycosides as the major antioxidant agents in Asteraceae extracts, whereas several CQAs and caffeoyl‐deoxy‐octulopyranosonic acids have been reported as responsible for their cytotoxic and anti‐inflammatory activities. These results shed light on the authentication and quality evaluation of Asteraceae extracts, along with the characterization of their functional properties, leading to their application in the design of novel plant‐based functional foods.
Salinity Influenced Proximate, Minerals, Anti‐Nutrients and Phytochemical Composition of Trachyandra ciliata Kunth (Wild Cabbage): A Promising Edible Halophyte
Authors: Ngxabi Sihle , Jimoh Muhali Olaide , Sogoni Avela , Laubscher Charles Petrus , Rautenbach Fanie , Kambizi Learnmore 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTClimate change, drought, and soil salinization present huge limitations to global agricultural output, which threatens food security. This necessitates the cultivation and domestication of wild edible halophytes as alternatives to mainstream food crops, especially in arid and semi‐arid regions. Trachyandra ciliata is one of the under‐researched and underutilized edible halophytes native to South Africa. The plant was used as a food source by Khoisan people in the past although its edibility and nutritional capacity are undocumented. Thus, the current study explored the effect of varying salinity concentrations on minerals, proximate, phytochemical, and anti‐nutrient composition of T. ciliata to evaluate its edibility and promote its cultivation among South African households. Plants were subjected to varying salinity treatments from 0, 50, 100,150, and 200 mM prepared by adding sodium chloride (NaCl) to the nutrient solution. Salinity significantly influenced the mineral, proximate, antinutrient, and phytochemical composition of T. ciliata. Control and 50 mM treatments recorded significantly higher macro and micronutrient content in the flower buds and leaves, except for heavy metals such as Zn and Cu, which increased with increasing salinity and significantly higher in the roots. Leaves under low salinity treatments recorded higher moisture and protein content, while leaves also recorded higher ash content under high salinity. On the other hand, flower buds under low salinity recorded significantly high fat and NDF composition. Phytochemicals and antinutrients increased with increasing salinity concentrations. The low antinutrient content and high nutritional, mineral and phenolic contents validate the edibility and suitability of T. ciliata for human consumption.
CD11c‐Expressing Microglia Are Transient, Driven by Interactions With Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Ghena Nathaniel , Anderson Sarah R. , Roberts Jacqueline M. , Irvin Emmalyn , Schwakopf Joon , Bosco Alejandra , Vetter Monica L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicroglia, the parenchymal macrophage of the central nervous system, serve crucial remodeling functions throughout development. Microglia are transcriptionally heterogenous, suggesting that distinct microglial states confer discrete roles. Currently, little is known about how dynamic these states are, the cues that promote them, or how they impact microglial function. In the developing retina, we previously found a significant proportion of microglia express CD11c (Integrin αX, Itgax, subunit of complement receptor 4) which has also been reported in other developmental and disease contexts. Here, we sought to understand the regulation and function of CD11c+ microglia. We found that CD11c+ microglia track with prominent waves of neuronal apoptosis in postnatal retina. Using genetic fate mapping, we provide evidence that microglia transition out of the CD11c state to return to homeostasis. We show that CD11c+ microglia have elevated lysosomal content and contribute to the clearance of apoptotic neurons, and found that acquisition of CD11c expression is partially dependent upon the TAM receptor AXL. Using selective ablation, we found CD11c+ microglia are not uniquely critical for phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Together, our data suggest that CD11c+ microglia are a transient state induced by developmental apoptosis rather than a specialized subset mediating phagocytic elimination.
DLKUNet: A Lightweight and Efficient Network With Depthwise Large Kernel for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Zhu Junan , Tang Zhizhe , Ma Ping , Liang Zheng , Wang Chuanjian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAccurate multi‐organ segmentation is crucial in computer‐aided diagnosis, surgical navigation, and radiotherapy. Deep learning‐based methods for automated multi‐organ segmentation have made significant progress recently. However, these improvements often increase model complexity, leading to higher computational costs. To address this problem, we propose a lightweight and efficient network with depthwise large kernel, called DLKUNet. Firstly, we utilize a hierarchical architecture with large kernel convolution to effectively capture multi‐scale features. Secondly, we constructed three segmentation models with different layers to meet different speed and accuracy requirements. Additionally, we employ a novel training strategy that works seamlessly with this module to enhance performance. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on the multi‐organ abdominal segmentation (Synapse) and the Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge (ACDC) dataset. DLKUNet‐L significantly improves the 95% Hausdorff Distance to 13.89 mm with 65% parameters of Swin‐Unet on the Synapse. Furthermore, DLKUNet‐S and DLKUNet‐M use only 4.5% and 16.52% parameters of Swin‐Unet, achieving Dice Similarity Coefficient 91.71% and 91.74% on the ACDC. These results underscore the proposed model's superior performance in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and practical applicability.
Coronavirus Cryptic Landscape and Draft Genome of a Novel CoV Clade Related to MERS From Bats Circulating in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silvério Bruna Stefanie , Guilardi Mariana Dias , Martins Junior Olímpio , Duro Rodrigo Lopes Sanz , de Sousa Larissa Leão F. , Cabral‐Miranda Gustavo , Janini Luiz Mário Ramos , Poon Leo L. M. , Durães‐Carvalho Ricardo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe identified seven distinct coronaviruses (CoVs) in bats from Brazil, classified into 229E‐related (Alpha‐CoV), Nobecovirus, Sarbecovirus, and Merbecovirus (Beta‐CoV), including one closely related to MERS‐like CoV with 82.8% genome coverage. To accomplish this, we screened 423 oral and rectal swabs from 16 different bat species using molecular assays, RNA sequencing, and evolutionary analysis. Notably, gaps in the spike‐encoding gene led us to design new primers and perform Sanger sequencing, which revealed high similarities to MERS‐related (MERSr) CoV strains found in humans and camels. Additionally, we identified key residues in the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, suggesting potential interactions with DPP4, the receptor for MERSr‐CoV. Our analyses also revealed evidence of recombination involving our laboratory‐produced sequences. These findings highlight the extensive genetic diversity of CoVs, the presence of novel viral lineages, and the occurrence of recombination events among bat CoVs circulating in Brazil, underscoring the critical role bats play as reservoirs for emerging viruses and emphasizing the necessity of ongoing surveillance to monitor the public health risks associated with CoV spillover events.
MPXV: Update on Morphological and Morphogenesis Aspects Through Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopies and 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Barreto‐Vieira Debora Ferreira , Miranda Milene Dias , da Silva Marcos Alexandre Nunes , de Almeida Andressa Santos , de Almeida Ana Luisa Teixeira , Bandeira Derick Mendes , Ferreira Vivian Neuza S. , Rosa Alice Santos , Girard‐Dias Wendell , Archanjo Bráulio Soares , Barth Ortrud Monika 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn unprecedented global outbreak caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) prompted the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022. Therapeutics and vaccines for MPXV are not widely available, necessitating further studies, particularly in drug repurposing area. To this end, the standardization of in vitro infection systems is essential. The most robust in vitro studies on poxviruses concern the Vaccinia virus, and there are significant gaps in understanding the replicative cycle of MPXV. Herein, we conducted ultrastructural studies using transmission and scanning electron microscopies and 3D reconstruction to describe and elucidate the step‐by‐step morphogenesis of MPXV. Vero cells, derived from the kidney lineage of Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys, were infected with a strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab of a patient with suspected Mpox, collected during an observational cohort study conducted between June 12 and August 19, 2022, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Infected Vero cells exhibited several morphological alterations, including cell lysis plaque formation, nuclei with altered chromatin profiles, thickening of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), presence of myelin figures, disorganization of mitochondrial cristae, and the formation of a granular and fibrous matrix (viral factory) surrounded by mitochondria and RER cisternae in a perinuclear space. Viral entry into cells occurred via endocytosis MPXV particles were observed adhering to cytoskeletal filaments, and viral progeny extrusion occurred through exocytosis. This article presents novel data on the morphogenesis of MPXV that have not been previously documented in the literature.
Behind the lenses: Biases in the contribution of wildlife photography to biodiversity representation
Authors: Ruiz‐Villar Héctor , Morales‐González Ana , Morant Jon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Nature‐related visual media has a significant impact on today's society by engaging the public in conservation problems and promoting pro‐environmental behaviours. Although major attention has been paid to how some types of visual media (e.g. documentaries) offer unrealistic portrayals of the natural world, biases on representation by wildlife photography remain unexplored.

In the present study, we assessed biases in wildlife photography at spatial, temporal, taxonomic, conservation status and selection criteria scales, and modelled the factors influencing the probability of portrayed organisms winning a wildlife photography contest by using data on 1333 pictures featured in the Wildlife Photographer of the Year, one of the most popular wildlife photography competitions worldwide.

The representation of biomes mostly coincides with their extension on the planet. However, we detected an overrepresentation of temperate (broadleaf and conifer), Mediterranean and tropical forests. We detected a positive change over time in representing historically neglected taxa, such as insects. We also detected an increase in representation of Mangroves, Marine Ecosystems, Tundra and temperate forests and grasslands. Mammals and birds were overrepresented in photographs while insects and plants were underrepresented, and so were species listed as ‘Least Concern’ and ‘Data Deficiency’. The top 10 ranking species included charismatic carnivore species.

Our results showed that the jury's choice offered a more diverse representation of biodiversity than the people's choice, and the winning photographs showcased fewer taxonomic groups than the non‐winning pictures. Realm, domain and colourfulness influenced the probability of an organism's picture being winner, but the variability explained by our model reflects that there are a large number of unexplored determinants (e.g. socio‐economical, technical or emotional).

Our research detected a trend towards a more balanced representation of the natural world in wildlife photography, although biases are yet large, which may influence people's perception of the current status of species and habitats they encompass. Our results highlight a need to evenly represent species and ecosystems to increase public awareness, which requires providing data on species identity and conservation status to increase public knowledge. Finally, we underscore the need to report compliance with ethical guidelines when photographing wildlife.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Fabrication of Antimicrobial Nickel‐Based Polymerized Cellulose Nanofibers: A Highly Flexible, Conductive, and Biocompatible Membrane for Potential Application in Wearable Devices
Authors: Ghanghro Azharuddin , Memon Abdul Wahab , Memon Umaima Saleem , Memon Ayaz Ali , Mehdi Mujahid , Ali Ayaz , Hyder Ali , Ali Naeem , Khatri Zeeshan , Kazi Mohsin , Thebo Khalid Hussain 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecently, nanotechnology contributes in advancement of membrane technology for daily life to prepare different polymerized nanofibers (PNFs) membrane. One of the contribution of these membranes is to prepare highly stable, flexible, conductive, and futuristic biocompatible membranes for wearable devices. For this concern, we reported first time fabricated robust and highly conductive nickel‐based polymerized cellulose nanofibers for innovative application in wearable devices. The cellulose‐based nanofibers (CNFs) membrane was prepared through electrospinning technique. The surface of CNFs membrane was modified by various steps, that is, deacylation, salinization, polymerization, and ionization to prepare a polymerized cellulose nanofibers (PSCNFs) membrane. For achieving highly conductive Ni‐coated polymerized cellulose nanofibers (Ni‐PSCNFs) membrane, several parameters, including volume (50 mL), time (30 min), temperature (60°C), and pH (8), were optimized. The high conductivity of Ni‐PSCNFs membrane was calculated as 111 S/cm by using a multimeter device. The novel electroless deposition (ELD) method was applied for Ni deposition on the surface prepared PSCNFs membrane. Ni‐PSCNFs membranes were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, WCA, and electrical conductivity. The fabricated Ni‐PSCNFs membrane was used for antibacterial activity against two selected bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (gram‐positive) and Pseudomonas (gram‐negative). The disc diffusion method was used to determine the maximum zone of inhibition against each bacterium, that is, 21 mm for Pseudomonas and 22 mm for B. subtilis. Moreover, Ni‐PSCNFs membrane exhibit great performance as conductive layers with antibacterial activity and can be used as futuristic biocompatible membrane in wearable devices.
Oronasal mucosal melanoma is defined by two transcriptional subtypes in humans and dogs with implications for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Blacklock Kelly L Bowlt , Donnelly Kevin , Lu Yuting , Pozo Jorge del , Glendinning Laura , Polton Gerry , Selmic Laura , Tanis Jean‐Benoit , Killick David , Parys Maciej , Morris Joanna S , Breathnach Inge , Zago Stefano , Gould Sara M , Shaw Darren J , Tivers Michael S , Malucelli Davide , Marques Ana , Purzycka Katarzyna , Cantatore Matteo , Mathers Marie E , Stares Mark , Meynert Alison , Patton E Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMucosal melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype associated with a poor prognosis and limited existing therapeutic interventions, in part due to a lack of actionable targets and translational animal models for preclinical trials. Comprehensive data on this tumour type are scarce, and existing data often overlooks the importance of the anatomical site of origin. We evaluated human and canine oronasal mucosal melanoma (OMM) to determine whether the common canine disease could inform the rare human equivalent. Using a human and canine primary OMM cohort of treatment‐naive archival tissue, alongside clinicopathological data, we obtained transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, and microbiome data from both species. We defined the transcriptomic landscape in both species and linked our findings to immunohistochemical, microbiome, and clinical data. Human and dog OMM stratified into two distinctive transcriptional groups, which we defined using a species‐independent 41‐gene signature. These two subgroups are termed CTLA4‐high and MET‐high and indicate actionable targets for OMM patients. To guide clinical decision‐making, we developed immunohistochemical diagnostic tools that distinguish between transcriptomic subgroups. We found that OMM had conserved transcriptomic subtypes and biological similarity between human and canine OMM, with significant implications for patient classification, treatment, and clinical trial design. © 2025 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Improved Bounds for the Erdős–Rogers (s,s+2)‐Problem
Authors: Janzer Oliver , Sudakov Benny 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFor , the Erdős–Rogers function measures how large a ‐free induced subgraph there must be in a ‐free graph on vertices. There has been an extensive amount of work towards estimating this function, but until very recently only the case was well understood. A recent breakthrough of Mattheus and Verstraëte on the Ramsey number states that , which matches the known lower bound up to the term. In this paper we build on their approach and generalize this result by proving that holds for every . This comes close to the best known lower bound, improves a substantial body of work, and is the best that any construction of a similar kind can give.
Investigation on thermoelastic wave propagation of FG multilayer hybrid nanocomposite microbeam reinforced by CNTs and GPLs under nonlocal strain gradient theory and G–N theory
Authors: Zhang Xinfei , Meng Ji , Gu Bingdong , Peng Wei , He Tianhu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GPLs) are ideal fillers to synthetize advanced nanomaterial composites due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. At present, there lacks of investigations on the transient coupling thermoelastic problems of the micro/nanostructures made of composites reinforced by CNTs or GPLs. To fill this gap, the thermoelastic wave propagation of a nanocomposite microbeam reinforced by both CNTs and GPLs is studied in the context of nonlocal strain gradient (NSG) elasticity and Green and Naghdi's (G–N) generalized thermoelastic theory for the first time. The Halpin–Tsai micromechanical model is employed to determine the effective elastic modulus of the composite microbeam. By assuming the wave‐type solutions, the equations are solved and the dispersion relation between frequency and wave number and the relation between phase velocity and wave number are determined respectively. In calculation, the above two relations are fully investigated and comparisons on them under different parameters, besides unidirectional pattern for CNTs and GPLs, three different functionally graded (FG) distribution patterns, that is, FG‐A type, FG‐X type, and FG‐O type, are considered. Concurrently, the study evaluates the impacts of the key factors such as the non‐dimensional gradient coefficient, the non‐dimensional nonlocal parameter, and the mass fractions of GPLs on the frequencies and phase velocity. The results show that among the three patterns the frequency is significantly influenced by FG‐A type. The non‐dimensional nonlocal parameter is negatively correlated with the frequency and phase velocity. The non‐dimensional gradient coefficient and the mass fraction of GPLs are positively correlated with the frequency and phase velocity.
Constrained Bayesian optimization for engineering bridge design
Authors: Røstum Heine , Gros Sebastien , Aas-Jakobsen Ketil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Designing a bridge is a complex endeavour, involving multiple variables, limitations and requirements. The design process often includes high-fidelity analyses that are computationally expensive, and the internal working tools of the analysis software are often unknown. This limits the applicability of conventional numerical optimization, especially due to time constraints. As a mean to reduce the computational burden, surrogate modelling may be applied. Surrogate models are constructed on the basis of observed results from the computationally expensive high-fidelity analyses, and serves as a fast approximation of unobserved regions in the design space. If probabilistic surrogates are applied, the probabilistic element may be exploited in the optimization phase, resulting in a scheme known as Bayesian optimization. In this article, it is described how to derive a constrained Bayesian optimization scheme in the process of bridge design, where both the goal and constraints are approximated using probabilistic surrogates. The article also presents a case study where constrained Bayesian optimization is applied to a three-span post-tensioned concrete girder and the results are compared to conventional surrogate-based optimization. The results from the case study show that the Bayesian optimization schemes converge after about six iterations, significantly faster than the conventional surrogate optimization scheme, with a consistently higher relative improvement—providing a faster and more confident process for surrogate-based optimization.