bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models of human insomnia
Authors: Fernandez Fabian‐Xosé , Perlis Michael L. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryInsomnia disorder (chronic sleep continuity disturbance) is a debilitating condition affecting 5%–10% of the adult population worldwide. To date, researchers have attempted to model insomnia in animals through breeding strategies that create pathologically short‐sleeping individuals or with drugs and environmental contexts that directly impose sleeplessness. While these approaches have been invaluable for identifying insomnia susceptibility genes and mapping the neural networks that underpin sleep–wake regulation, they fail to capture concurrently several of the core clinical diagnostic features of insomnia disorder in humans, where sleep continuity disturbance is self‐perpetuating, occurs despite adequate sleep opportunity, and is often not accompanied by significant changes in sleep duration or architecture. In the present review, we discuss these issues and then outline ways animal models can be used to develop approaches that are more ecologically valid in their recapitulation of chronic insomnia's natural aetiology and pathophysiology. Conditioning of self‐generated sleep loss with these methods promises to create a better understanding of the neuroadaptations that maintain insomnia, including potentially within the infralimbic cortex, a substrate at the crossroads of threat habituation and sleep.
Genomic architecture underlying morphological and physiological adaptation to high elevation in a songbird
Authors: Lu Chia‐Wei , Huang Shih‐Ting , Cheng Shun‐Jen , Lin Chen‐Tau , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Yao Cheng‐Te , Dong Feng , Hung Chih‐Ming , Kuo Hao‐Chih 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganisms often acquire physiological and morphological modifications to conquer ecological challenges when colonizing new environments which lead to their adaptive evolution. However, deciphering the genomic mechanism of ecological adaptation is difficult because ecological environments are often too complex for straightforward interpretation. Thus, we examined the adaptation of a widespread songbird—the rufous‐capped babbler (Cyanoderma ruficeps)—to a relatively simple system: distinct environments across elevational gradients on the mountainous island of Taiwan. We focused on the genomic sequences of 43 birds from five populations to show that the Taiwan group split from its sister group in mainland China around 1–2 million years ago (Ma) and colonized the montane habitats of Taiwan at least twice around 0.03–0.22 Ma. The montane and lowland Taiwan populations diverged with gene flow between them, suggesting strong selection associated with different elevations. We found that the montane babblers had smaller beaks than the lowland ones, consistent with Allen's rule, and identified candidate genes—COL9A1 and SOX11—underlying the beak size changes. We also found that altitudinally divergent mutations were mostly located in noncoding regions and tended to accumulate in chromosomal inversions and autosomes. The altitudinally divergent mutations might regulate genes related to haematopoietic, metabolic, immune, auditory and vision functions, as well as cerebrum morphology and plumage development. The results reveal the genomic bases of morphological and physiological adaptation in this species to the low temperature, hypoxia and high UV light environment at high elevation. These findings improve our understanding of how ecological adaptation drives population divergence from the perspective of genomic architecture.
Species of Dickinsonia Sprigg from the Ediacaran of South Australia
Authors: Evans Scott D. , Hunt Gene , Gehling James G. , Sperling Erik A. , Droser Mary L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn iconic member of the Ediacara Biota, Dickinsonia Sprigg is one of few such taxa with multiple species. Here we use Gaussian finite mixture models to assess the validity of species distinctions for this genus. Our results indicate that the five described species of Dickinsonia from the Ediacara Member, South Australia are better classified as two based on multiple approaches. Two different methods for dimension reduction both provide strong support for two groups, with overlapping but distinct mixture models. The variable selection method produces the most biologically realistic clusters, indicating that the two species can be primarily differentiated based on the greater relative size of the anterior most unit of Dickinsonia costata Sprigg compared with Dickinsonia tenuis Glaessner & Wade. Despite differences in aspect ratio and number of modules, both species regulated growth to maintain overall shape. The greater likelihood of preservation of a midline and an irregular outer margin in D. tenuis highlights differential structural integrity and flexibility. Co‐occurrence in the Ediacara Member indicates that both species occupied the same environments and temporal distribution. Smaller maximum and average size for D. costata, combined with higher abundance, may suggest a comparatively shorter lifespan and increased rates of reproduction.
The Force of Habit
Authors: Hornett William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHabits figure in action‐explanations because of their distinctive force. But what is the force of habit, and how does it motivate us? In this paper, I argue that the force of habit is the feeling of familiarity one has with the familiar course of action, where this feeling reveals a distinctive reason for acting in the usual way. I do this by considering and rejecting a popular account of habit's force in terms of habit's apparent automaticity, by arguing that one can do something out of habit and from deliberation, before going on to defend The Familiarity View.
Mitigating conflict with collaboration: Reaching negotiated agreement amidst belief divergence in environmental governance
Authors: Koebele Elizabeth A. , Crow Deserai A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh levels of conflict among coalitions in a policy process are often attributed to belief divergence and may lead to policy gridlock. Thus, reducing belief divergence may facilitate negotiation and open the door for policy change. Beliefs are notoriously difficult to change, however, especially in high‐conflict settings. Collaborative governance has been touted as one method for mitigating conflict to a level where negotiation is possible by means including but not limited to belief change. This study investigates the relationship between belief divergence as a driver of policy conflict and collaborative governance as a conflict mitigation tool by analyzing the beliefs of two opposing coalitions as they participate in a decade‐long collaborative environmental governance process that ended in negotiated agreement. Using longitudinal survey and interview data, we find that coalitions' beliefs diverge more at a later point in the process, due primarily to the reinforcement and strengthening of one coalition's beliefs; however, we also identify aspects of the collaborative process that helped foster negotiated agreement amidst this growing belief divergence. These findings can inform scholarship on conflict mitigation in environmental governance as well as the design of more effective collaborative processes in high‐conflict settings.
Gene expression pattern and molecular mechanisms involved in Shal and Sangsari sheep fertility using RNA‐Seq
Authors: Shariati Gazgazareh Parvin , Masoudi Ali Akbar , Vaez Torshizi Rasoul , Ehsani Alireza , Mosavian Zaynab 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOvulation rate and litter size are the main reproductive traits with high economic value in the sheep breeding industry. In this study, three Shal ewes (multiparous) and three Sangsari ewes (uniparous) at the age of 5 were used. The live weight was between 45 and 50 kg at an extremely body condition score of 3. These breeds are marked seasonal reproduction activity and are often bred in semi‐closed breeding systems. Total RNAs were extracted from the ovarian tissues, and RNA sequencing was carried out. The DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) database was then used to annotate genes, and the string database and the Cytoscape software were used to investigate their interactions. Then path–act network analysis and gene–act network analysis were investigated. The results indicated that 19,932 genes were differentially expressed. The 5968 differentially expressed genes were identified in Shal ewe's ovarian tissue compared to Sangsari ewes (FDR < 0.05), of which 2921 genes were up‐regulated and 3047 genes were down‐regulated. Bioinformatics analysis exhibited that most of the biological processes and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways associated with significant DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) in the two studied breeds are associated with oocyte maturation and metabolism. MAPK signalling pathways and Ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis are the most important biological pathways associated with reproductive and fertility traits in the Shal breed. AKT3, MAPK8, MAPK9 and RELA genes are also important genes related to the fertility of multiparous sheep. Analysis of ovarian RNA‐seq data identified that most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in various reproductive processes including folliculogenesis, ovulation, ovarian and embryonic development. The MAPK signalling pathway had the most interaction with other pathways, and the AKT3 gene could be a powerful candidate gene in the reproduction and fertility of Shal sheep. These results could pave the way for future efforts to address sheep prolificacy barriers.
Effects of periodontal treatment on the C‐reactive protein levels in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bezerra Priscila Lima , de Carvalho Júnior Ari Dantas , da Silva Adriano Flores , Pereira Nilson Emmanuel Gomes , da Costa Suellen Rabelo Rocha , de Sousa João Nilton Lopes , Bernardino Ítalo de Macedo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis systematic review provides a summary of the scientific evidence concerning effects of periodontal treatment on the C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in hemodialysis patients.Material and methodsEight databases were accessed until May 2020 for interventional studies which evaluated CRP levels in hemodialysis patients before and after periodontal treatment. Inclusion criteria were studies involving hemodialysis patients with gingivitis or periodontitis, without restriction of year, language, and publication status. Random effects meta‐analysis was performed. The risk of bias in eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal tools for use in systematic reviews. Certainty of evidence was also evaluated using GRADE approach.ResultsThe search in the databases resulted in 326 records, from which only seven met the eligibility criteria and therefore were submitted to qualitative evaluation. The meta‐analysis revealed that, in general, the reduction in CRP levels had moderate and statistically significant effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.45; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 0.25, 0.65; p < .001). Statistical heterogeneity was low (I2 = 0.0%; p = .771). Most studies showed moderate risk of bias.ConclusionBased on low certainty of evidence, the results suggest that periodontal treatment can significantly contribute to reduce CRP levels among hemodialysis patients. However, more randomized clinical studies, with follow‐up longer than 12 months, using standardized diagnostic methods and controlling confounding factors, should be performed to strengthen the evidence.
Improvement of platelet preservation by inhibition ofTRPC6
Authors: Tan Yuanjia , Lu Wei , Yi Xiaomei , Cai Huili , Yuan Yurong , Zhang Shizhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe preservation of platelets (PLTs) by room temperature (RT) oscillation limits their shelf life to between 4 and 7 days because of the decrease in PLT function. TRPC6 is a non‐selective mechanically sensitive cation channel that has been shown to mediate Ca2+signalling, implying a role in PLT activation during preservation by RT oscillation.ObjectivesThis study was designed to investigate whether inhibition of TRPC6 can improve the RT preservation of PLTs and the possible underlying mechanism.MethodsHuman PLTs from whole blood were stored at 22 ± 2°C with oscillation in plasma or M‐sol (mixture of solutions). BI‐749327, a specific TRPC6 inhibitor, was administered throughout the preservation period. PLT distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR) and average aggregation rate (AAR) were measured. The MTT method was used to assess the relative viability of PLTs. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes of Ca2+concentration in PLTs and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the PLT surface, and western blotting was used to assess the expression changes of platelet TRPC6 and CD62P proteins.ResultsCompared with the control group, inhibition of TRPC6 with BI‐749327 significantly reduced the PDW, MPV and Ca2+concentration, the MAR and AAR were significantly increased, the expression of TRPC6 and CD62P protein was significantly down‐regulated in PLTs, and the PS exposure was significantly reduced on the PLT surface. However, these effects were all reversed by activation of TRPC6.ConclusionInhibition of TRPC6 improves the quality of PLT preservation by inhibiting the Ca2+signal mediated by TRPC6.
Sample stability and heparin interference in ionized calcium and ionized magnesium measurements in horses using the Stat Profile Prime Plus co‐oximetry electrolyte analyzer
Authors: Sanmartí Júlia , Robles‐Guirado José Angel , Jose‐Cunilleras Eduard , Bassols Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe determination of iCa and iMg is important in veterinary medicine, but their immediate determination in whole blood is not always possible. Their stability in other sample types and the existence of interferences must be evaluated before its use.ObjectivesWe aimed to analyze the effects of storage time on the stability of iCa, iMg, and other analytes in whole blood, plasma, and serum samples in horses and assess the interference of heparin in these measurements.MethodsWhole blood, heparin‐plasma, and serum samples from 10 horses were stored at 4°C and analyzed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24, 48, and 168 hours after sample collection using the Stat Profile Prime Plus Vet equipment (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA). Results were analyzed by ANOVA or mixed‐effect models.ResultsThe concentration of iCa, iMg, total calcium (tCa), total magnesium (tMg), and the ratios iCa/tCa and iMg/tMg did not differ up to 168 hours when compared to the initial time. Total Ca, iMg, and tMg were not significantly different among sample types, but iCa concentrations were slightly but significantly lower in plasma. Freezing at −20°C did not affect iCa, iMg, tCa, and tMg. The pH increased in serum and plasma after 8 hours, and a mild negative correlation existed between plasma iCa concentration and pH. A negative correlation was observed also between the ratios iCa/tCa or iMg/tMg and pH in plasma and serum. A significant decrease in iCa and iMg was detected when comparing homemade syringes at high heparin concentration (~200–300 U heparin/mL) and commercial lithium‐heparin tubes (20–30 U/mL).ConclusionsSamples stored at 4°C can be used to determine iCa and iMg concentrations up to 7 days after collection. Other metabolites are stable for up to 8 hours; heparin interference should be taken into account if using homemade heparin syringes.
Average shadowing and gluing property
Authors: Blank Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this work is threefold: (i) extend shadowing theory for discontinuous and non‐invertible systems, (ii) consider more general classes of perturbations (for example, small only on average), (iii) establish a general theory based on the property that the shadowing holds for the case of a single perturbation. The “gluing” construction used in the analysis of the last property turns out to be the key point of this theory.
Novel Kinematics of an Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Hand Allowing Lateral and Opposite Grasp With a Single Actuator
Authors: Butin Côme , Chablat Damien , Aoustin Yannick , Gouaillier David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work introduced a new hand prosthesis architecture able to achieve an opposite and lateral grasp by using a single actuator. An analysis of the hand prostheses, as well as the movements classically performed in daily life and at work allows us to focus our work on these two types of grasp. A lockable passive joint is moved by the user to switch between the opposite and lateral grasp. The location of the thumb was defined thanks to 3D scans in four extreme positions. The movement of the thumb is analyzed to determine the location of the joints to be created. Then, a four-bar linkage was optimized to realize this motion with good force transmission. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the performance index variation based on design parameters.
The Relevance of Muscle Fiber Type to Physical Characteristics and Performance in Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Hopwood Henry J. , Bellinger Phillip M. , Compton Heidi R. , Bourne Matthew N. , Minahan Clare 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to (1) determine the muscle fiber-type composition (or muscle fiber typology [MFT]) of team-sport athletes and (2) examine associations between MFT and the physical characteristics and performance tasks in team-sport athletes. Methods: Searches were conducted across numerous databases—PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar—using consistent search terms. Studies were included if they examined the MFT of team-sport athletes. Included studies underwent critical appraisal using the McMasters University critical appraisal tool for quantitative research. Results: A total of 10 studies were included in the present review, wherein the MFT of athletes was measured from 5 different team sports (soccer, rugby union, rugby league, handball, and volleyball). There was large variability in the MFT of team-sport athletes both within (up to 27.5%) and between sports (24.0% relative difference). Male football players with a higher proportion of type II fibers had faster 10- and 30-m sprint times, achieved a greater total distance sprinting (distance at >6.67 m·s−1), and a greater peak 1-minute sprint distance. Conclusions: MFT varies considerably between athletes both within and between different team sports. The results from some studies suggest that variation in MFT is associated with high-intensity running performance in a football match, as well as 10- and 30-m sprint times. Further experimental studies should focus on how determination of the MFT of team-sport athletes could be utilized to influence talent identification, team selection, and the individualization of training.
How sweet is your love? Disentangling the role of marital status and quality on average glycemic levels among adults 50 years and older in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Ford Katherine J , Robitaille Annie 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe health benefits of marriage have been widely documented and, to a lesser extent, the effects of marital quality. Marital relationships may be particularly relevant to the health of older adults. This study explores the associations of marital status and marital quality with average glycemic levels in older adults using longitudinal data.Research design and methodsOur sample consisted of adults aged 50–89 years without previously diagnosed diabetes from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (n=3335). We used biomarker data from waves 2 (2004/2005), 4 (2008/2009) and 6 (2012/2013) to analyze changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels within individuals in relation to their marital indicators (marital status, social support from spouse, and social strain from spouse) over time using linear fixed effect models.ResultsWe found that being married was associated with lower HbA1c values (β: −0.21%; 95% CI −0.31% to −0.10%) among adults without pre-existing diabetes. Spousal support and spousal strain were generally not associated with HbA1c values.ConclusionsIt seems that marital relationships, regardless of the quality of the relationship, are associated with lower HbA1c values for male and female adults aged over 50 years.
What’s in a name? Unpacking ‘CommunityBlank’ terminology in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health: a scoping review
Authors: Dada Sara , Cocoman Olive , Portela Anayda , De Brún Aoife , Bhattacharyya Sanghita , Tunçalp Özge , Jackson Debra , Gilmore Brynne 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionEngaging the community as actors within reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) programmes (referred to as ‘communityblank’) has seen increased implementation in recent years. While evidence suggests these approaches are effective, terminology (such as ‘communityengagement,’‘communityparticipation,’‘communitymobilisation,’and ‘social accountability’) is often used interchangeably across published literature, contributing to a lack of conceptual clarity in practice. The purpose of this review was to describe and clarify varying uses of these terms in the literature by documenting what authors and implementers report they are doing when they use these terms.MethodsSeven academic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health), two grey literature databases (OAIster, OpenGrey) and relevant organisation websites were searched for documents that described ‘communityblank’ terms in RMNCH interventions. Eligibility criteria included being published between 1975 and 1 October 2021 and reports or studies detailing the activities used in ‘communityblank.’ResultsA total of 9779 unique documents were retrieved and screened, with 173 included for analysis. Twenty-four distinct ‘communityblank’ terms were used across the documents, falling into 11 broader terms. Use of these terms was distributed across time and all six WHO regions, with ‘communitymobilisation’, ‘communityengagement’and ‘communityparticipation’ being the most frequently used terms. While 48 unique activities were described, only 25 activities were mentioned more than twice and 19 of these were attributed to at least three different ‘communityblank’ terms.ConclusionAcross the literature, there is inconsistency in the usage of ‘communityblank’ terms for RMNCH. There is an observed interchangeable use of terms and a lack of descriptions of these terms provided in the literature. There is a need for RMNCH researchers and practitioners to clarify the descriptions reported and improve the documentation of ‘communityblank’implementation. This can contribute to a better sharing of learning within and across communities and to bringing evidence-based practices to scale. Efforts to improve reporting can be supported with the use of standardised monitoring and evaluation processes and indicators. Therefore, it is recommended that future research endeavours clarify the operational definitions of ‘communityblank’ and improve the documentation of its implementation.