bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the intricacies of Amaranthaceous pollen diversity: Advancing ultra sculpture analysis throughLMandSEM
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Wahidah H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroscopic techniques can be applied to solve taxonomic problems in the field of plant systematic and are extremely versatile in nature. This study was focused on the new approaches to visualizing the imaging, tool to cover the micro‐structural techniques applied to the pollen study of Amaranthaceae floral biology. In this detailed study, we used light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to examine the shape and changes in pollen of 16 types of Amaranthaceae plants from the salty arid zone of Riyadh Saudi Arabia. We observed subtle variations among the studied species through meticulous examination of morpho‐palynological features such as symmetry, size, shape, pore ornamentation, and exine characteristics. The pollen grains were round and had rough or prickly outer coverings. They had different numbers of tiny pores; some were slightly sunken. These findings were utilized to develop a pollen taxonomy key, facilitating accurate identification and classification of Amaranthaceous species. Our results shed light on the taxonomic significance of pollen morphology for species differentiation within the Amaranthaceae family. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights into the influence of geographical and ecological factors on pollen diversity and evolution. This study of pollen imaging visualization of Amaranthaceous species contributes to the opportunity for taxonomic evaluation and fill knowledge gaps in studies of Amaranthaceous flora identification using classical microscopic taxonomic tools for their accurate identification.Research HighlightsThe pollen characters of selected Amaranthaceae species were visualized using scanning electron microscopy to observe sculptural wall pattern.The comprehensive Amaranthaceous pollen examination approach allowed us to accurately identify their micromorphology.This high‐resolution imaging technique provided detailed insights into the surface structures and ornamentation of the pollen grains.
Correlation of Structure and Dynamics Behavior in Polyzwitterions: From Concentrated Solution to Gel‐Like State
Authors: Jin Xiaolin , Fan Zhiwei , Liu Yong , Jiang Chuanxia , Zhang Wei , Yin Panchao , Sun Taolin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dynamic behaviors of polyzwitterions, poly(4‐((3‐methacrylamidopropyl) dimethylammonio) butane‐1‐sulfonate) (PSBP), are investigated using dynamic light scattering, small angle X‐ray scattering, and rheology. The findings reveal two relaxation modes, including a fast and a slow mode, which are observed in both solution state and gel‐like state, with varying polyzwitterion concentration (CP) and NaCl concentration (CNaCl). As CP and CNaCl increasing, a slower slow mode and a faster fast mode are observed. The fast mode corresponds to the diffusion of chains, while the slow mode arises from chain aggregations. In solutions, the slow mode is dominated by the diffusion of chain aggregations. However, in the gel‐like state, the “cage network” traps aggregations more densely, leading to their dynamic behavior being dominated by enhanced topological entanglements and ionic interactions. This difference highlights the unique nature of the slow relaxation mode between concentrated solution and gel‐like state, arising from changes in the average distance between chain aggregations resulting from increased CP and CNaCl concentrations.
Association of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice with Diarrhea Induced by High‐Fat Diet in a Fatigued State
Authors: Qiao Bo , Liu Jing , Peng Xinxin , Cai Ying , Peng Maijiao , Li Xiaoya , Tan Zhoujin , Deng Na 
Published: August 2023

ScopePreliminary research finds that a high‐fat diet (HFD) in a fatigued state triggers diarrhea, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. To address concerns about the pathogenesis of diarrhea, the study evaluates the composition and metabolomics of the gut microbiota.Methods and resultsThe study uses the multiple platform apparatus device to induce fatigue in mice, combined with intragastric administration of lard‐caused diarrhea. Subsequently, the characteristics and interaction relationship of gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inflammatory biomarkers, brain‐gut peptides, and lipid metabolism are analyzed at the end of the experiment. HFD in a fatigued state results in a significant increase in interleukin‐17, interleukin‐6, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, and malondialdehyde content in mice (p < 0.05), along with a substantial decrease in high‐density lipoprotein (p < 0.05). Additionally, an HFD in a fatigued state causes changes in the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, with Lactobacillus murinus as its characteristic bacteria, and reduces the production of SCFAs.ConclusionsAn HFD in a fatigued state triggers diarrhea, possibly associated with gut content microbiota dysbiosis, SCFAs deprivation, increased inflammation, and dysregulated lipid metabolism.
Almonds vs. carbohydrate snacks in an energy‐restricted diet: Weight and cardiometabolic outcomes from a randomized trial
Authors: Carter Sharayah , Hill Alison M. , Mead Lauren C. , Wong Hoi Y. , Yandell Catherine , Buckley Jonathan D. , Tan Sze‐Yen , Rogers Geraint B. , Fraysse Francois , Coates Alison M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated weight and cardiometabolic outcomes after a 3‐month energy‐restricted diet (−30%) containing almonds (almond‐enriched diet [AED]) or containing carbohydrate‐rich snacks (nut‐free control diet [NFD]) (Phase 1), followed by 6 months of weight maintenance (Phase 2).MethodsParticipants (25–65 years old) with overweight or obesity (BMI 27.5–34.9 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to AED (n = 68) or NFD (n = 72).ResultsBoth groups lost weight during Phase 1 (p < 0.001) (mean [SE], −7.0 [0.5] kg AED vs. −7.0 [0.5] kg NFD, p = 0.858) and Phase 2 (p = 0.009) (−1.1 [0.5] kg AED vs. −1.3 [0.6] NFD, p = 0.756), with improvements in percentage lean mass after Phase 2 (4.8% [0.3%], p < 0.001). Reductions occurred in fasting glucose (−0.2 [0.07] mmol/L, p = 0.003), insulin (−8.1 [4.0] pmol/L, p = 0.036), blood pressure (−4.9 [0.8] mm Hg systolic, −5.0 [0.5] mm Hg diastolic, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (−0.3 [0.1] mmol/L), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (−0.2 [0.1] mmol/L), very low‐density lipoprotein (−0.1 [0.03] mmol/L), and triglycerides (−0.3 [0.06] mmol/L) (all p < 0.001), and high‐density lipoprotein increased (0.1 [0.02] mmol/L, p = 0.011) by the end of Phase 2 in both groups. There were group by time interactions for lipoprotein particle concentrations: very small triglyceride‐rich (−31.0 [7.7] nmol/L AED vs. −4.8 [7.9] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.007), small LDL (−109.3 [40.5] nmol/L AED vs. −20.7 [41.6] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.017), and medium LDL (−24.4 [43.4] nmol/L AED vs. −130.5 [44.4] nmol/L NFD, p = 0.045).ConclusionsAn energy‐restricted AED resulted in weight loss and weight loss maintenance comparable to an energy‐restricted NFD, and both diets supported cardiometabolic health. The AED resulted in greater improvements in some lipoprotein subfractions, which may enhance reductions in cardiovascular risk.
BPPV Information on Google Versus AI (ChatGPT)
Authors: Bellinger Jeffrey R. , De La Chapa Julian S. , Kwak Minhie W. , Ramos Gabriel A. , Morrison Daniel , Kesser Bradley W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively compare online patient education materials found using traditional search engines (Google) versus conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) models (ChatGPT) for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).Study DesignThe top 30 Google search results for “benign paroxysmal positional vertigo” were compared to the OpenAI conversational AI language model, ChatGPT, responses for 5 common patient questions posed about BPPV in February 2023. Metrics included readability, quality, understandability, and actionability.SettingOnline information.MethodsValidated online information metrics including Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), DISCERN instrument score, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printed Materials were analyzed and scored by reviewers.ResultsMean readability scores, FKGL and FRE, for the Google webpages were 10.7 ± 2.6 and 46.5 ± 14.3, respectively. ChatGPT responses had a higher FKGL score of 13.9 ± 2.5 (P < .001) and a lower FRE score of 34.9 ± 11.2 (P = .005), both corresponding to lower readability. The Google webpages had a DISCERN part 2 score of 25.4 ± 7.5 compared to the individual ChatGPT responses with a score of 17.5 ± 3.9 (P = .001), and the combined ChatGPT responses with a score of 25.0 ± 0.9 (P = .928). The average scores of the reviewers for all ChatGPT responses for accuracy were 4.19 ± 0.82 and 4.31 ± 0.67 for currency.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that the information on ChatGPT is more difficult to read, of lower quality, and more difficult to comprehend compared to information on Google searches.
Construction of carboxymethyl chitosan @ sodium oxide alginate aerogel for efficient adsorption of malachite green
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Zhao , Guo Zhiyuan , Zhou Jing , Wang Kun , Wang Jikui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater pollution has emerged as a formidable issue of utmost concern in the world, and the design of three‐dimensional porous, high adsorption performance, and sustainable adsorbent materials is of great significance for wastewater purification. Naturally abundant sodium alginate was used to prepare oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), a biomass macromolecule containing an aldehyde group. A double network interpenetrating structure based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMS) and OSA was constructed without any small molecule cross‐linking agent throughout, and a Schiff base reaction occurred at room temperature to prepare chemically stable CMS@OSA aerogels, which contain a continuous and dense porous structure inside the aerogel. CMS and OSA both contain an anionic reactive group, carboxyl, which makes them both matrix and functional materials, enabling selective adsorption of malachite green (MG) dyes. The prepared aerogel adsorbent showed a high adsorption capacity (302 mg/g) for MG at room temperature. The adsorption mechanism between the aerogel adsorbent and the adsorbent mass was investigated, and the effect of different factors on the adsorption performance was analyzed. The fitting coefficients of both the adsorption kinetic model and the isotherm model reached 0.99. The ingenious preparation method and excellent adsorption performance offer great prospects for chitosan biomass aerogels to play a role in environmental protection and economy.Highlights
An interpenetrating structure based on the Schiff base reaction.
Construction of three‐dimensional porous structures.
Pure ecological raw materials without toxic crosslinkers.
High adsorption capacity at 302 mg/g for malachite green.
Extended melt‐conveying models for single‐screw extruders: Integrating domain knowledge into symbolic regression
Authors: Marschik Christian , Roland Wolfgang , Kommenda Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe literature provides several analytical approximation methods for predicting the flow of non‐Newtonian fluids in single‐screw extruders. While these are based on various flow conditions, they were developed mostly for extruder screws with standard geometries. We present novel analytical melt‐conveying models for predicting the flow and dissipation rates of fully developed flows of power‐law fluids within three‐dimensional screw channels. To accommodate a broad range of industrial screw designs, including both standard and high‐performance screws, the main intention of this work was to significantly extend the scope of existing theories. The flow equations were first rewritten in a dimensionless form to reduce the mathematical problem to its dimensionless influencing parameters. These were varied within wide ranges to create a set of physically independent modeling setups, the flow and dissipation rates of which were evaluated by means of a finite‐volume solver. The numerical results were then approximated analytically using symbolic regression based on genetic programming. To support the regression analysis in finding accurate solutions, we integrated domain‐specific process knowledge in the preprocessing of the dataset. We obtained three regression models for predicting the flow and dissipation rates in melt‐conveying zones and tested their accuracy successfully against an independent set of numerical solutions.Highlights
Flow of power‐law fluids in three‐dimensional screw channels
Identification of independent influencing parameters by dimensional analysis
Numerical parametric design study for a broad range of industrial applications
Integration of domain knowledge in symbolic regression
Surrogate models derived from numerical simulation results
A dynamic model of the intestinal epithelium integrates multiple sources of preclinical data and enables clinical translation of drug‐induced toxicity
Authors: Gall Louis , Jardi Ferran , Lammens Lieve , Piñero Janet , Souza Terezinha M. , Rodrigues Daniela , Jennen Danyel G. J. , de Kok Theo M. , Coyle Luke , Chung Seung‐Wook , Ferreira Sofia , Jo Heeseung , Beattie Kylie A. , Kelly Colette , Duckworth Carrie A. , Pritchard D. Mark , Pin Carmen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have built a quantitative systems toxicology modeling framework focused on the early prediction of oncotherapeutic‐induced clinical intestinal adverse effects. The model describes stem and progenitor cell dynamics in the small intestinal epithelium and integrates heterogeneous epithelial‐related processes, such as transcriptional profiles, citrulline kinetics, and probability of diarrhea. We fitted a mouse‐specific version of the model to quantify doxorubicin and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐induced toxicity, which included pharmacokinetics and 5‐FU metabolism and assumed that both drugs led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in stem cells and proliferative progenitors. The model successfully recapitulated observations in mice regarding dose‐dependent disruption of proliferation which could lead to villus shortening, decrease of circulating citrulline, increased diarrhea risk, and transcriptional induction of the p53 pathway. Using a human‐specific epithelial model, we translated the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin and 5‐FU quantified in mice into human intestinal injury and predicted with accuracy clinical diarrhea incidence. However, for gefitinib, a specific‐molecularly targeted therapy, the mice failed to reproduce epithelial toxicity at exposures much higher than those associated with clinical diarrhea. This indicates that, regardless of the translational modeling approach, preclinical experimental settings have to be suitable to quantify drug‐induced clinical toxicity with precision at the structural scale of the model. Our work demonstrates the usefulness of translational models at early stages of the drug development pipeline to predict clinical toxicity and highlights the importance of understanding cross‐settings differences in toxicity when building these approaches.
Enhancing risk governance by addressing key risk communication barriers during the prevention and preparedness phase in South Tyrol (Italy)
Authors: Carnelli Fabio , Pedoth Lydia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDifferent European policies emphasise that good risk governance can only be achieved through effective communication between the different risk governance actors. It is well known, that effective risk communication should be set up as part of risk prevention and risk preparedness, long before a potentially hazardous event or process occurs. To address this issue, our paper, as part of the results of the Interreg project RiKoST, presents an exploratory study to identify what types of challenges and barriers can be recognised in risk communication related to risk prevention in South Tyrol, Italy. As a first step we identified a wide range of key actors, who, in different ways, already have or could potentially have a role in risk communication. Subsequently, we undertook 20 semi‐structured interviews with institutional actors, key informants, and practitioners. Our main findings could inform both policy recommendations and academic research to improve risk communication, acting on risk training/education and risk culture as aspects to be addressed to enhance risk governance in the prevention and preparedness phase.
A Novel Hybrid Multifunctional Compound: (CMQ)BiCl5 Showing Enhancement in Physical Properties by Halogen Substitution
Authors: Wan Ming‐Yang , Tan Yu‐Hui , Fan Xiao‐Wei , Tang Yun‐Zhi , Jia Jin‐Feng , Wang Fang‐Xing , Wang li‐Juan , Liao Juan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have received significant attention due to their potential applications in smart devices such as phase‐change memory (PCM), resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM). Yet, devices application requires achieving a balance between fast switching speeds, long‐term stability, and high cycling endurance in materials still facing difficulties. Herein, we report two hybrid phase transition compounds: (CMQ)BiCl5(CMQ=Chloromethyl Quinuclidin‐3‐one) (1) and (FMQ)2SbBr5(FMQ=Fluoromethyl Quinuclidin‐3‐one) (2), both two compounds exhibit high phase transition temperature, dual‐stable behavior in dielectric during reversible phase transition process. Notably, 1 exhibit small dielectric change after multiple dielectric state switching. Furthermore, investigate the influence of halogen substitution (F to Cl) for compound properties, which show an Increasing transition temperature (9 K) and raising structural dimension (0D to 1D). Additionally, using first principles, analyze the electronic structure of 1 and find that it has a 3.4 eV wide bandgap, closing to GaN semiconductor (3.4 eV). This work provides a new insight into developing the next‐generation phase transition compounds and chemical modification enhances material performance.
Regionalizing Nitrogen Doping of Polysilicon Films Enabling High‐Efficiency Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contact Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zunke , Lin Zedong , Liu Wei , Yang Lei , Lin Na , Liao Mingdun , Yu Xuegong , Yang Zhenhai , Zeng Yuheng , Ye Jichun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs) as one of the most competitive crystalline silicon (c‐Si) technologies for the TW‐scaled photovoltaic (PV) market require higher passivation performance to further improve their device efficiencies. Here, the successful construction of a double‐layered polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) TOPCon structure is reported using an in situ nitrogen (N)‐doped poly‐Si covered by a normal poly‐Si, which achieves excellent passivation and contact properties simultaneously. The new design exhibits the highest implied open‐circuit voltage of 755 mV and the lowest single‐sided recombination current density (J0) of ≈0.7 fA cm⁻2 for a TOPCon structure and a low contact resistivity of less than 5 mΩ·cm2, resulting in a high selectivity factor of ≈16. The mechanisms of passivation improvement are disclosed, which suggest that the introduction of N atoms into poly‐Si restrains H overflow by forming stronger Si‒N and N‒H bonds, reduces interfacial defects, and induces favorable energy bending. Proof‐of‐concept TOPCon SCs with such a design receive a remarkable certified efficiency of 25.53%.
Influence of anchored orbicular rings on the performance of sandwich concrete‐filled double‐skin steel tube columns
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Tiwary Aditya Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince recent years, double‐skin tube column sections formed from two parallel, concentrically spaced steel casings, with the sandwiched area between the casings packed with concrete infill, have been employed extensively. The cross‐sectional shapes of the inner and outer casings might be the same or different, such as round, square, octagonal, etc. These concrete‐filled double‐skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns act similarly to concrete‐filled steel tubular (CFST) sections but have less self‐weight and better stiffness. The present study evaluated the response of CFDST column stiffened with orbicular rings under axial compression. It consists of inner and outer steel tubes stiffened by orbicular rings near both ends of columns. The orbicular rings were provided at different locations as L/3, L/4, and L/5, and a series of tests were conducted to obtain the performance of CFDST columns stiffened with orbicular rings with regard to the maximum load‐carrying capacity, load–strain behavior, and load‐deformation behavior. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted by varying the diameter to thickness ratio, hollowness ratio, the thickness of orbicular rings, yield strength, and location of orbicular rings. The results showed that CFDST column stiffened with orbicular rings have higher ultimate load capacity than unstiffened CFDST. Stiffened CFDST with orbicular rings showed more ductile response than CFDST column and helps to improve the outer steel tube's restraint on sandwiched concrete. In order to estimate the load‐bearing capacity of CFDST columns stiffened with orbicular rings under axial compression, an empirical equation was proposed. The experimental results and findings of the suggested equations were found to be in good agreement.
Survey of students’ learning experience using a virtual slaughterhouse simulator in three UK veterinary schools during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Garcia‐Ara Amelia , Sandoval‐Barron Elsa , Seguino Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough visiting an abattoir is mandatory for all UK veterinary students, this was challenging during the COVID‐19 pandemic and virtual simulators were temporarily approved by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Subsequently, the virtual slaughterhouse simulator (VSS) was used by the University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, the University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies in Edinburgh. This study aimed to evaluate the student learning experience using the VSS.MethodsAn online survey containing satisfaction and assessment questions was distributed to all final‐year students who used the VSS from September 2020 to August 2021.ResultsA total of 207 students completed the survey (n = 207/488, 42%). Students were mostly highly satisfied and found the VSS very useful for their learning (n = 164/207,79%); however, anxiety levels to visit a real abattoir lowered for less than half of the students (n = 97/207, 46%). Most students obtained an overall mark over 50% in the assessment questions (n = 197/207, 95%).LimitationsAlthough the findings were very positive, extrapolation to other veterinary schools and postgraduate curricula should be done cautiously.ConclusionThe VSS is a valid tool for training veterinary students. However, more research is advised to compare virtual and real experiences and assess students' long‐term performance.