bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose–Response Relationships between Objectively Measured Daily Steps and Mortality among Frail and Nonfrail Older Adults
Authors: WATANABE DAIKI , YOSHIDA TSUKASA , WATANABE YUYA , YAMADA YOSUKE , MIYACHI MOTOHIKO , KIMURA MISAKA 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Whether the association between objectively assessed physical activity and mortality differs between adults with versus those without frailty is unclear. We investigated this association in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This prospective study used the data of 4165 older adults 65 yr or older from the Kyoto–Kameoka study in Japan who wore a triaxial accelerometer (EW-NK52). The number of steps was classified by quartiles using the average daily value of data obtained from the accelerometer across four or more days. Frailty was evaluated using the validated Kihon Checklist. We evaluated the association between mortality and daily steps using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis and restricted spline model.

Results
The average daily steps for the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1786, 3030, 4452, and 7502, respectively. In total, 113 deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 3.38 yr (14,061 person-years). After adjusting for confounders, the top quartile was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) for mortality than the bottom quartile (HR = 0.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.18–0.85). In a stratified model by frailty status, the daily step count dose–response curve at which the HR for mortality plateaued among nonfrail individuals was approximately 5000–7000 steps per day. By contrast, the daily step count showed an inverse relationship with mortality at approximately 5000 steps or more per day in frail individuals.

Conclusions
The relationship between daily steps and mortality is different between those with and those without frailty, and people with frailty may require more daily steps than those with nonfrailty to achieve the inverse relationship with mortality. These findings may be useful for informing future physical activity guidelines.
Symptom burden of people with progressive ataxia, and its wider impact on their friends and relatives: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lowit Anja , Greenfield Julie , Cutting Emily , Wallis Ruby , Hadjivassiliou Marios 
Published: February 2023

Background: Progressive ataxias are complex disorders that result in a wide variety of symptoms. Whilst we currently have a relatively good understanding of the spectrum of symptoms associated with the various types of ataxia, and their progression over time, their impact on the person with ataxia is less well understood. In addition, little is known about how carers, friends and relatives are affected by them. This paper aims to provide information on the presence and impact of medical symptoms and day-to-day challenges on people with ataxia and their friends and relatives. Method: Data were extracted from a survey by Ataxia UK done for their members. The views of 366 people with ataxia and 52 friends and relatives are reported. Data were analysed for the entire group, as well as for the three most common ataxia types represented in the sample, Friedreich’s ataxia, inherited ataxia (excluding Friedreich’s ataxia), and cerebellar ataxia of unknown cause. Results: The survey confirmed the symptom patterns described in previous research, but further showed that the impact of these symptoms can vary across ataxia populations. Similar findings were observed for day-to-day challenges. Friends and relatives experienced similar challenges to people with ataxia, indicating that support provided has to consider those supporting people with ataxia as well as the patient. Respondents also highlighted limitations in terms of accessing support services, and not all services were able to cater fully to their specific needs. Conclusion: This study begins to provide information that can be used in further research to explore the needs of people with ataxia and their carers, friends, and relatives. Such research will support treatment trial design, ensuring patients’ needs are considered, help to tailor support services to their needs, and ensure health care professionals have the necessary skills to fully address them.
Blood RNA and protein biomarkers are associated with vaping and dual use, and prospective health outcomes
Authors: Gregory Andrew , Xu Zhonghui , Pratte Katherine , Berman Seth , Lu Robin , Suryadevara Rahul , Chase Robert , Yun Jeong H. , Saferali Aabida , Hersh Craig P. , Silverman Edwin K. , Bowler Russell P. , Crotty Alexander Laura E. , Boueiz Adel , Castaldi Peter J. 
Published: February 2023

Background:Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are driving an epidemic of vaping. Identifying biomarkers of vaping and dual use (concurrent vaping and smoking) will facilitate studies of the health effects of vaping. To identify putative biomarkers of vaping and dual use, we performed association analysis in an observational cohort of 3,892 COPDGene study participants with blood transcriptomics and/or plasma proteomics data and self-reported current vaping and smoking behavior.Methods:Biomarkers of vaping and dual use were identified through differential expression analysis and related to prospective health events over six years of follow-up. To assess the predictive accuracy of multi-biomarker panels, we constructed predictive models for vaping and smoking categories and prospective health outcomes.Results:We identified three transcriptomic and three proteomic associations with vaping, and 90 transcriptomic and 100 proteomic associations to dual use. Many of these vaping or dual use biomarkers were significantly associated with prospective health outcomes, such as FEV1 decline (three transcripts and 62 proteins), overall mortality (18 transcripts and 73 proteins), respiratory mortality (two transcripts and 23 proteins), respiratory exacerbations (13 proteins) and incident cardiovascular disease (24 proteins). Multimarker models showed good performance discriminating between vaping and smoking behavior and produced informative, modestly powerful predictions of future FEV1 decline, mortality, and respiratory exacerbations.Conclusions:In summary, vaping and dual use are associated with RNA and protein blood-based biomarkers that are also associated with adverse health outcomes.
Endourological versus open cystolithotomy for bladder stone management among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fauzan Randy , Herman Hendra , Rachman Wendy , Sitompul Ardiansyah Periadi , Astram Ari 
Published: February 2023

Background: The treatment of choice for bladder stones in children remains debatable. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of endourological and open cystolithotomy for the management of bladder stones in children. Methods: The Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trial databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for relevant English-language publications from 1 to 30 August 2022. Stone-free rate (SFR), complication rate, length of stay, and procedure duration were compared. Children (male and female) <18 years of age of any ethnicity with bladder stones (single/multiple) were included. Patients with a history of bladder augmentation or diversion were excluded. The quality of studies included was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Assessment. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan. Results: Five articles (436 participants) that compared endourological versus open cystolithotomy were included in qualitative and quantitative analyses. Four were non-randomised, retrospective, and single centre studies. While the other one was a randomised controlled trial. Measure outcome characteristics included SFR, complications, procedure duration, and length of hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the SFR between transurethral cystolithotripsy (TUCL) and percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCL) (p=0.22). There were also no significant differences in complications (TUCL versus PCCL, p=0.18; TUCL versus open cystolithotomy [CL] and PCCL versus CL, p=0.08). PCCL featured a longer procedure duration than TUCL (p<0.00001), while CL was shorter than TUCL and PCCL (both p<0.00001). Finally, in terms of length of stay, TUCL was superior to PCCL and CL, while PCCL was better than CL (all p<0.00001). Conclusions: Endourological and open surgical management of bladder stones in children showed comparable SFR and fewer complications. Open surgery offers a shorter procedure duration than endourological management, but PCCL features a shorter procedure duration than TUCL. In terms of length of stay, TUCL and PCCL were superior to CL, while TUCL was better than PCCL.
‘Glocalizing’ land-use and forest governance in the tropics: examining research partnerships and international forest policies affecting Brazil, DRC and Indonesia
Authors: Kanashiro Uehara Thiago , Chazarin Florie , Nakagawa Louise , Favareto Ariane , Tobias Tamara , Favareto Arilson , Minani Rigobert , Nugroho Bramasto , Setiajiati Fitta , Iriyani Silfi , Buchori Damayanti , Chiavaroli Chiara 
Published: February 2023

Background: International and market forces are key drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, with transnational and market-based solutions in land-use and forest governance often missing economic, distributive, and environmental targets. Methods: This paper tackles both the framing and effectiveness of transnational initiatives affecting forest lands and peoples in the Global South, and the quality of relationships between institutions in the Global North and the Global South. Through more equitable research partnerships, this paper draws lessons from case studies in Indonesia (legality verification system in different forest property regimes), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (lifting of a moratorium on new logging concession), and Brazil (FSC in the Amazon region and the Amazon Fund). Results: International partnerships have privileged market-based instruments and commodity exchange between Global South and Global North countries, and the benefits of such mechanisms are unevenly distributed. Complementary and alternative policy instruments are discussed for each geography. Conclusions: Glocalizing land-use and forest governance implies in advancing equitable research partnerships between institutions in the Global South and Global North, and strengthening a community of practice for critical enquiry and engagement in partnerships for sustainable development. Land-use, climate and forest governance mechanisms must redress power dynamics, and partnership models, and commit to improving well-being and sustainable livelihood outcomes.
Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mboya Innocent B. , Mamseri Redempta , Leyaro Beatrice J. , George Johnston , Msuya Sia E. , Mgongo Melina 
Published: February 2023

Background: Anemia is a severe public health problem affecting more than half of children under five years of age in low-, middle- and high-income countries. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia among children under five years of age in northern Tanzania. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Rombo district, Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania, in April 2016. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 602 consenting mothers and their children aged 6-59 months and interviewed using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata version 15.1. We used generalized linear models (binomial family and logit link function) with a robust variance estimator to determine factors associated with anemia. Results: Prevalence of anemia was 37.9%, and it was significantly higher among children aged 6-23 months (48.3%) compared to those aged 24-59 months (28.5%). There were no significant differences in anemia prevalence by sex of the child. Adjusted for other factors, children aged 6-23 months had over two times higher odds of being anemic (OR=2.47, 95% CI 1.73, 3.53, p<0.001) compared to those aged 24-59 months. No significant association was found between maternal and nutritional characteristics with anemia among children in this study. Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia was lower than the national and regional estimates, and it still constitutes a significant public health problem, especially among children aged 6-23 months. The study recommends iron supplementation, food fortification, dietary diversification, and management of childhood illnesses interventions for mothers and children under two years.
Antioxidant effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus Ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH) level in lung rats exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Bhekti Rahimah Santun , Yuwono Soeroto Arto , Dhianawaty Djunaedi Diah , Bisri Tatang 
Published: February 2023

Background: Cigarette smoke can trigger oxidative stress. An alternative to overcome the harmful effects of cigarette smoke is through antioxidants. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatusostreatus or P. ostreatus) are a source of exogenous antioxidants because many contain active compounds for potential antioxidants such as phenol and flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus P.ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH), as well as to analyze their correlation in the lung of Wistar male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: The study was a preclinical experiment conducted on 24 rats divided into four groups. The treatment was carried out for 42 days and antioxidant effects were assessed through levels of HNE and GSH in rat lungs. Groups were divided as follows: I- normal control, II- negative control, III and IV exposed to cigarette smoke for 60 minutes/day. Group III (treatment group) was treated with ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus at 250 mg/kg BW rat/day, and group IV (comparison group) was treated with N-acetyl cysteine 600 mg /day. Data analysis used was one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test, and Spearmen rank correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that the group receiving ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus had HNE levels of (44,18 ± 2,09 pg/mL) and GSH (0,04 ± 0,00 pg/mL) protein. This extract significantly increased GSH levels and inhibited the increase of HNE levels. Results of GSH (p≤0.01) showed significant results using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus can prevent lipid peroxidation and decrease endogenous antioxidant levels in lung cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus has good antioxidant potential.
Global research on syndemics: a meta-knowledge analysis (2001-2020)
Authors: Hossain Md Mahbub , Saha Nobonita , Rodela Tahmina Tasnim , Tasnim Samia , Nuzhath Tasmiah , Roy Tamal Joyti , Burdine James N. , Ahmed Helal Uddin , McKyer E. Lisako J. , Basu Banga Kamal , Ma Ping 
Published: February 2023

Background: Syndemics or synergies of cooccurring epidemics are widely studied across health and social sciences in recent years. Methods: We conducted a meta-knowledge analysis of articles published between 2001 to 2020 in this growing field of academic scholarship. Results: We found a total of 830 articles authored by 3025 authors, mostly from high-income countries. Publications on syndemics are gradually increasing since 2003, with rapid development in 2013. Each article was cited more than 15 times on average, and most (n = 604) articles were original studies. Syndemics research focused on several areas, including HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, mental health, gender minority stressors, racism, violence, chronic physical and mental disorders, food insecurity, social determinants of health, and coronavirus disease 2019. Moreover, biopsychosocial interactions between multiple health problems were studied across medical, anthropological, public health, and other disciplines of science. Conclusions: The limited yet rapidly evolving literature on syndemics informs transdisciplinary interests to understand complex coexisting health challenges in the context of systematic exclusion and structural violence in vulnerable populations. The findings also suggest applications of syndemic theory to evaluate clinical and public health problems, examine the socioecological dynamics of factors influencing health and wellbeing, and use the insights to alleviate health inequities in the intersections of synergistic epidemics and persistent contextual challenges for population health.
A Geometric Model of Opinion Polarization
Authors: Hązła Jan , Jin Yan , Mossel Elchanan , Ramnarayan Govind 
Published: February 2023

We introduce a simple geometric model of opinion polarization. It is a model of political persuasion as well as marketing and advertising, utilizing social values. It focuses on the interplay between different topics and persuasion efforts. We demonstrate that societal opinion polarization often arises as an unintended by-product of influencers attempting to promote a product or idea. We discuss a number of mechanisms for the emergence of polarization involving one or more influencers, sending messages strategically, heuristically, or randomly. We also examine some computational aspects of choosing the most effective means of influencing agents and the effects of those strategic considerations on polarization. Funding: J. Hązła was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-1737944] and later, the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation [African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Rwanda research chair funding] as well as the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [grant in cooperation with Goethe University in Frankfurt]. Y. Jin was partially supported by the Department of Defense [Grant ARO MURI W911NF1910217]. E. Mossel was partially supported by the Simons Investigator in Mathematics [Award 622132], the National Science Foundation [Awards DMS-1737944 and CCF-1918421] and the Department of Defense [Grant ARO MURI W911NF1910217] and Vannevar Bush [Faculty Fellowship ONR-N00014-20-1-2826]. G. Ramnarayan was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant DMS-1737944] and the Department of Defense [Grant ARO MURI W911NF1910217].
Fit for purpose of on-the-road driving and simulated driving: A randomised crossover study using the effect of sleep deprivation
Authors: Koopmans Ingrid , Doll Robert-Jan , van der Wall Hein , de Kam Marieke , Groeneveld Geert Jan , Cohen Adam , Zuiker Rob 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionDrivers should be aware of possible impairing effects of alcohol, medicinal substance, or fatigue on driving performance. Such effects are assessed in clinical trials, including a driving task or related psychomotor tasks. However, a choice between predicting tasks must be made. Here, we compare driving performance with on-the-road driving, simulator driving, and psychomotor tasks using the effect of sleep deprivation.MethodThis two-way cross over study included 24 healthy men with a minimum driving experience of 3000km per year. Psychomotor tasks, simulated driving, and on-the-road driving were assessed in the morning and the afternoon after a well-rested night and in the morning after a sleep-deprived night. Driving behaviour was examined by calculating the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP).ResultsSDLP increased after sleep deprivation for simulated (10cm, 95%CI:6.7–13.3) and on-the-road driving (2.8cm, 95%CI:1.9–3.7). The psychomotor test battery detected effects of sleep deprivation in almost all tasks. Correlation between on-the-road tests and simulator SDLP after a well-rested night (0.63, p < .001) was not present after a night of sleep deprivation (0.31, p = .18). Regarding the effect of sleep deprivation on the psychomotor test battery, only adaptive tracking correlated with the SDLP of the driving simulator (-0.50, p = .02). Other significant correlations were related to subjective VAS scores.DiscussionThe lack of apparent correlations and difference in sensitivity of performance of the psychomotor tasks, simulated driving and, on-the-road driving indicates that the tasks may not be interchangeable and may assess different aspects of driving behaviour.
Is babesiosis a rare zoonosis in Spain? Its impact on the Spanish Health System over 23 years
Authors: Almeida Hugo , López-Bernús Amparo , Rodríguez-Alonso Beatriz , Alonso-Sardón Montserrat , Romero-Alegría Ángela , Velasco-Tirado Virginia , Pardo-Lledías Javier , Muro Antonio , Belhassen-García Moncef 
Published: February 2023

Background
Babesiosis is a zoonosis caused by an intraerythrocytic protozoan of the genus Babesia and transmitted mainly by ticks of the Ixodes spp. complex. There is no comprehensive global incidence in the literature, although the United States, Europe and Asia are considered to be endemic areas. In Europe, the percentage of ticks infected with Babesia spp. ranges from 0.78% to 51.78%. The incidence of babesiosis in hospitalized patients in Spain is 2.35 cases per 10,000,000 inhabitants/year. The mortality rate is estimated to be approximately 9% in hospitalized patients but can reach 20% if the disease is transmitted by transfusion.

Objective
To analyze the epidemiological impact of inpatients diagnosed with babesiosis on the National Health System (NHS) of Spain between 1997 and 2019.

Methodology
A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study that included inpatients diagnosed with babesiosis [ICD-9-CM code 088.82, ICD-10 code B60.0, cases ap2016-2019] in public Spanish NHS hospitals between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2019 was developed. Data were obtained from the minimum basic dataset (CMBD in Spanish), which was provided by the Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad after the receipt of a duly substantiated request and the signing of a confidentiality agreement.

Main findings
Twenty-nine inpatients diagnosed with babesiosis were identified in Spain between 1997 and 2019 (IR: 0.28 cases/10,000,000 person-years). A total of 82.8% of the cases were men from urban areas who were approximately 46 years old. The rate of primary diagnoses was 55.2% and the number of readmissions was 79.3%. The mean hospital stay was 20.3±19.2 days, with an estimated cost of €186,925.66. Two patients, both with secondary diagnoses of babesiosis, died in our study.

Conclusions
Human babesiosis is still a rare zoonosis in Spain, with an incidence rate that has been increasing over the years. Most cases occurred in middle-aged men from urban areas between summer and autumn. The Castilla-La-Mancha and Extremadura regions recorded the highest number of cases. Given the low rate of primary diagnoses (55.2%) and the high number of readmissions (79.3%), a low clinical suspicion is likely. There was a 6.9% mortality in our study. Both patients who died were patients with secondary diagnoses of the disease.