bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Mode Operando Raman Spectroscopy and Upconversion Thermometry for Probing Thermal Contributions to Plasmonic Photocatalysis
Authors: Ye Ziyang , Bommidi Dinesh Kumar , Pickel Andrea Danielle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOperando thermometry can help resolve open questions about the importance of thermal contributions to plasmonic photocatalysis, but identifying high‐fidelity thermometers with the requisite chemical inertness, thermal stability, and spatial resolution remains challenging. Here, it is demonstrated that a single near‐infrared laser can simultaneously excite upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) that serve as luminescent thermometers and photocatalyze the dimerization of 4‐nitrothiophenol (4‐NTP), which is employed as a model reaction. Due to its large anti‐Stokes shift, the UCNP thermometry signal naturally separates from the 4‐NTP Raman signal, which is used to monitor the chemical reaction, in the spectral domain. The surface temperature rise of plasmonic substrates under varying illumination intensity is systematically correlated with the reaction progress. Temperature rises exceeding 40 K are recorded at the maximum intensity used, yet lower intensities combined with external heating to achieve the same temperature rise are shown to catalyze the reaction less effectively. Furthermore, measurements performed using equivalent external heating and an intensity too low to photocatalyze the reaction display no evidence of the reaction occurring. By providing high‐fidelity operando surface temperature measurements, this method offers a valuable tool for elucidating thermal contributions to plasmonic photocatalysis.
PDGF‐BB‐Dependent Neurogenesis Buffers Depressive‐Like Behaviors by Inhibition of GABAergic Projection from Medial Septum to Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Li Hou‐Hong , Liu Yang , Chen Hong‐Sheng , Wang Ji , Li Yu‐Ke , Zhao Yang , Sun Rui , He Jin‐Gang , Wang Fang , Chen Jian‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHippocampal circuitry stimulation is sufficient to regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorate depressive‐like behavior, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is shown that inhibition of medial septum (MS)‐dentate gyrus (DG) circuit reverses the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)‐induced depression‐like behavior. Further analysis exhibits that inhibition of gamma‐aminobutyric acidergic neurons in MS projecting to the DG (MSGABA+‐DG) increases the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) in somatostatin (SOM) positive interneurons of DG, which contributes to the antidepressant‐like effects. Overexpression of the PDGF‐BB or exogenous administration of PDGF‐BB in DG rescues the effect of chronic stress on the inhibition of neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and dendritic growth of adult‐born hippocampal neurons, as well as on depressive‐like behaviors. Conversely, knockdown of PDGF‐BB facilitates CSDS‐induced deficit of hippocampal neurogenesis and promotes the susceptibility to chronic stress in mice. Finally, conditional knockdown platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) in NSCs blocks an increase in NSCs proliferation and the antidepressant effects of PDGF‐BB. These results delineate a previously unidentified PDGF‐BB/PDGFRβ signaling in regulating depressive‐like behaviors and identify a novel mechanism by which the MSGABA+‐DG pathway regulates the expression of PDGF‐BB in SOM‐positive interneurons.
Self‐Powered Embedded‐Sensory Adjustment for Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Yifei , Xu Zhizhao , Cao Ran , Xiong Yao , Yang Jiahong , Lei Yanqiang , Ding Mei , Jia Chuankun , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Qijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlow batteries (FBs) are one of the most promising strategies for large‐scale energy storage, in which the flow rates of electrolytes are critical to the redox reaction efficiency. However, low‐power and energy‐efficient strategies to effectively monitor and adjust the flow rates of FBs are great challenges. Here, a liquid metal based thin‐film and self‐powered triboelectric sensor (LM‐TS) to monitor and adjust the real‐time electrolyte flow rates in FBs is developed. By integrating the LM‐TS with a peristaltic pump (flow rate control unit in FB), the flow rates of electrolytes can be converted into readable electrical output signals. Furthermore, a logical and a control module are adopted to adjust the flow rates of electrolytes automatically after receiving those electrical signals, which are available to guarantee the optimal working condition of FBs. Benefiting from the high conductivity and outstanding ductility of ultrathin LM film, the self‐powered LM‐TS is endowed with high sensitivity, short response time (9.1 ms), and remarkable cyclic stability (> 20000 cycles) without affecting the normal operation of FBs. This is the first prototype of self‐powered adjustment sensor for FBs, which is readily extended to scaled‐up FB equipment for intermediate trial and large‐scale energy‐storage demonstration.
Robust Sandwiched B/TM/B Structures by Metal Intercalating into Bilayer Borophene Leading to Excellent Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chang Yuan , Liu Jiaxu , Liu Hongsheng , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Gao Junfeng , Zhao Jijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBilayer borophene, very recently synthesized on Ag and Cu, possesses an extremely flat large surface and excellent conductivity. The van der Waals gap of bilayer borophene can be intercalated by metal atoms, tailoring the properties of bilayer borophene. Herein, sandwiched B/TM/B (transition metal, TM = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd) is proposed as a new 2D formation with both energetic, structural, and thermal stability by TM atoms intercalated into bilayer borophene. In addition, it is a novel platform for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The intercalation metal atom serves as a single‐atomic catalyst. The TM is protected by outside boron layers from being corroded by acidic/alkaline solutions. B/Cux/B, B/Pdx/B, and B/Alx/B with different metal coverage exhibit defect‐independent extremely low HER free energy in the range of approximately −0.162 to 0.179, −0.134 to 0.183, and −0.082 to 0.086 eV which are comparable to the noble metal Pt. Combining excellent conduction, high structural and thermal stability, low resistance to intercalated behavior, an effortless water splitting process, excellent defect‐independent catalytic performance, cheapness and abundance of raw materials, and corrosion resistance, 2D sandwiched B/TM/B (TM = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd) is believed to be promising for electrocatalysis applications.
Rapid Identification of Enamine‐based Organocatalysts for Quaternary Carbon‐containing Aldol Reactions via Fluorescence‐based Screening
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Yoshida Yuya , Masuda Tsuguya , Sasaki Aiko , Imoto Kyosuke , Sato Kohei , Narumi Tetsuo , Mase Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFluorescent sensors can directly monitor the progression of chemical transformations through increases in fluorescence intensity to allow rapid identification of superior organocatalytic systems. Based on data from more than 4,000 screenings, a combination of pyrrolidine and isophthalic acid was identified as a catalyst template for the quaternary carbon‐containing aldol reaction. Following fine‐tuning of the catalyst template, 5‐hydroxy isophthalic acid was confirmed as an additive with high reactivity.
Correlation between cognitive tests with scales, vestibular exam and questionnaires for dizziness in the elderly
Authors: Ribeiro Marlon Bruno Nunes , Mancini Patricia Cotta , Bicalho Maria Aparecida Camargo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe vestibular system interacts with various cognitive functions, including spatial navigation processes, spatial perception, body representation, mental images, attention, memory, risk perception and social cognition. Studies inform that cognitive impairment is an important risk factor for changes in motor performance and body balance.MethodCross‐sectional, observational and analytical study. The sample consisted of 38 elderly people with vestibular dysfunction confirmed by cervical and ocular VEMP exams and/or Video Head Impulse Test (v‐HIT). The procedures of this research were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University under the number CAAE 49714221.0.0000.5149. All participants signed the Informed Consent Form (FICF). Cognitive tests were applied in a room with the patient seated. Paper and pencil were used and all cognitive tests, scales and vestibular exams were performed by the same trained researcher. Analysis using the SPSS program ‐ version 22.0. The distribution of variables was verified using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson test. We adopted a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).ResultA positive correlation was found between the MMSE with the gain of the left semicircular canal and negative with the asymmetry of the lateral canals. The Frontal Assessment Battery was negatively correlated with the VAS and positively correlated with the left semicircular canal. The Pfeffer questionnaire showed a positive correlation with the VAS, DHI and its functional and emotional subscales, in addition to a negative correlation with the Berg balance scale. The geriatric depression scale correlated negatively with the VAS and the Berg balance scale and positively correlated with the total DHI and its functional and emotional subscales.ConclusionIn this study, cognitive aspects, depressive symptoms and functionality were correlated with decreased gain of the left semicircular canal, greater asymmetry of the lateral canals, higher scores on the visual analogue scale, greater impact of dizziness on quality of life and greater risk of falls.
Inflammation and the Vulnerable Brain: Understanding Postoperative Delirium and its Associated Long‐Term Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough growing evidence highlights inflammation as a common biological mechanism of delirium and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), not all individuals with high inflammation develop delirium, AD, and/or cognitive decline. Therefore other predisposing factors (e.g., brain vulnerability) likely influence the effect of inflammation on the brain.MethodWe used the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥65 who underwent elective surgery under spinal anesthesia (n = 40), to investigate the interaction of brain vulnerability and inflammation on persistent neuronal injury. Brain vulnerability was examined from preoperative cerebrospinal fluid: 1) amyloid status, and 2) ATN classification (ATN+ vs. negative for all groups [ATN‐]). Plasma levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6, and chitinase 3‐like protein (CHI3L1/YKL‐40), previously associated with delirium, were assigned values of 1‐4 for each marker within sample‐based quartiles. For each patient, we summed these values for the three markers to create an inflammation score (range 0‐12). Persistent neuronal injury, measured using postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) plasma, was measured from neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Linear regression models examined the association between inflammation score and neuronal injury, stratified by brain vulnerability.ResultOn average, participants were age 75 years, 65% female, and 7% had Charlson scores ≥2. We identified a brain vulnerability x inflammation interaction on neuronal injury. Among amyloid+ patients, those in the highest inflammation score tertile [T3] vs T1 had 0.16 pg/ml higher GFAP (p<.05); however, among amyloid‐ patients, no inflammation and GFAP association was observed. No differences between inflammation and neuronal injury, by ATN classification, was observed.ConclusionThe association between inflammation and persistent neuronal injury differs by amyloid pathology, suggesting the potential value of identifying older patients vulnerable to adverse postoperative cognitive outcomes who may benefit from interventions under conditions of high inflammation.
Systematic assessment of microRNA‐132 therapeutic targeting in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Penning Amber , Tosoni Giorgia , Walgrave Hannah , Snoeck Sarah , Balusu Sriram , Salta Evgenia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMapping the mechanistic heterogeneity and multifactorial nature of AD is a key challenge for therapeutic development and the main reason why network biology and multi‐modal therapies begin to attract attention also in AD research. miRNA‐targeted therapeutics are particularly suited for such purposes, as they regulate multiple components of several molecular cascades converging on disease‐relevant patho‐phenotypes. MicroRNA‐132 (miR‐132), a potent neuroimmune regulator, has been identified as the most robustly and significantly downregulated microRNA in the brain of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients and its deficiency has been functionally linked to amyloid deposition, TAU hyperphosphorylation, neuronal cell death and memory decline, in human and rodents. Of note, miR‐132 can explain a higher percentage of the observed variance in histopathological AD phenotypes than APOE e4, a major risk factor for AD, while more recent evidence functionally links miR‐132 to neuroinflammation. These observations suggest that miR‐132‐dependent network‐based gene regulation in human AD brain converges onto biological pathways that can drive disease endophenotypes. Direct miR‐132 infusion in the AD mouse brain can counteract several aspects of pathology and memory deficits, providing a proof‐of‐concept of its therapeutic relevance. Despite the great benefit of the multi‐targeting nature of microRNAs for treating multifactorial diseases such as AD, this approach also entails the risk of on‐ and off‐ target toxicity, highlighting the importance of systematic genome‐wide target validation. While specific miR‐132 targets with direct implications in amyloid and TAU pathologies have been previously identified, the complex multicellular miR‐132 targetome involved in the disease progression of AD remains elusive, and is a crucial requirement for therapeutic targeting.MethodIn order to systematically profile the mechanisms underpinning the regulatory effects of miR‐132 in AD, we employed an RNA‐sequencing approach to assess transcriptomic responses to changes in the levels of miR‐132 in AD‐relevant study systems, such as human iPSC‐derived neurons and microglia‐like cells.ResultWe identify novel miR‐132 targets with putative neuroimmune functions possibly involved in AD pathophysiology.ConclusionOur results shed light on the involvement of miR‐132 in AD and further add to the systematic profiling of miR‐132 targetome, a prerequisite for successful translation of miR‐132 supplementation in AD.
Diminishment of High PD‐1 Expressing Peripheral Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Chu Cheng‐I , Wu Ching‐Tse , Wang Feng‐Yu , Yang Hui‐Yu , Chang Chien‐Chung , Chang Chuang‐Rung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are troublesome in managing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growing research strongly suggests the relationship between AD and immunity of peripheral blood. Immunotherapy with blockade of PD‐L1/PD‐1 axis restored cognitive performance in the murine tauopathy model. We analyzed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity or possibility to be regulated, expression of PD‐1 of peripheral blood, and tried to find the correlation between PD‐1 expression and BPSD severity of AD patients.Method16 AD patients meeting NIA‐AA criteria for probable AD dementia (mean age = 80.1, 5 males,11 females) were enrolled in our study. Cognitive function was assessed by clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) and clinical dementia rating scale sum of box (CDR‐SOB). BPSD was evaluated by total neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) scores. Higher total NPI scores suggested more serious BPSD.Histograms of CTL PD‐1 median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of 16 AD patients were compared head‐to‐head to determine a cutoff MFI value. CTL with high and low PD‐1 expressing populations were seperated. Correlation between total NPI score and CTL PD‐1 expressing population was further analyzed.ResultThe CTL subset located at the peak with the lowest MFI was defined as PD‐1dim CTL, and this subset was positively correlated to total NPI score. The other CTL subset was defined as PD‐1bright CTL, which was negatively correlated to total NPI score. No correlation was found between PD‐1 expression and CDR‐SOB (data not shown)ConclusionOur results revealed that the PD‐1 expression level of CTL decreased with enlarged total NPI scores. Interestingly, CDR‐SOB positively correlated with AD disease progression, yet BPSD could happen in even mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and very early AD stage. Although our study had limitations in sex distribution and small sample size, the results raised concern that CTL might participate in clinical manifestations of BPSD. PD‐1 expressing CTL might not correlate to global dementia progression.Further studies are expected to evaluate how peripheral CTL interplays with inflammatory molecules, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, cerebral blood perfusion, and gating of choroid plexus in the demented brain.
Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Reveals Immune Cell Signatures in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xu Hui , Jia Jianping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis involves various immune‐related phenomena both in central nervous system and peripheral blood. However, the characteristics of peripheral immune cells is poorly defined in AD at a single cell level.MethodWe profile 36,849 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from AD patients with amyloid positive (Aβ+) and normal controls with amyloid negative (Aβ‐) by 5' single‐cell transcriptome and immune repertoire sequencing with cell ranger standard analysis procedure. Based on the gene expression profile, immune cells were clustered and visualized by t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (tSNE). In addition, we described the features of T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire from clonotypes, V gene and J gene skewed usage, amino acid length, and diversity of complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3).ResultWe revealed five immune cell subsets, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes‐macrophages cells, disentangled the characteristic alterations of cell subset proportion and gene expression patterns in AD. A total of 31 cell‐type‐specific key genes, comprising abundant human leucocyte antigen genes, and multiple immune related pathways were identified by protein‐protein interaction network and pathway enrichment analysis. We also found High‐frequency amplification clonotypes in T cells and B cells and the decreased diversity in T cells were detected in AD.ConclusionWe found abnormal immune infiltration and complex TCR and BCR alterations were presented in AD peripheral blood. As clone amplification suggested the activation of adaptive immune response against specific antigens, we speculated peripheral adaptive immune response, especially mediated by T cell, may have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. This finding may also contribute to further research regarding disease mechanism and development of immune related biomarkers or therapy.
Improving statistical modeling with a neuropathology‐based APOE genetic risk score
Authors: Deming Yuetiva , Vasiljevic Eva , Miao Jiacheng , Van Hulle Carol A. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Morrow Autumn Rose , Whitenack Vanessa M , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Suridjan Ivonne , Asthana Sanjay , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Johnson Sterling C. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Bendlin Barbara B , Lu Qiongshi , Engelman Corinne D 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is the predominant genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD), with three alleles contributing to disease risk and strongly associated with many AD endophenotypes: ε2 (reduced risk), ε3 (reference), and ε4 (increased risk). Researchers often include APOE ε4 carrier status (ε4+/‐) in analyses to account for the genetic effect; however, this does not adequately account for the protective effects of APOE ε2 or the heterogeneous effect of different APOE genotypes (ε2ε2, ε2ε3, ε2ε4, ε3ε3, ε3ε4, and ε4ε4). We hypothesized that accounting for the effect of the full APOE genotype would better recapitulate the influence of APOE in statistical analyses than APOE ε4 status.MethodTo generate a weighted risk score for APOE genotype (APOE‐npscore), we log‐transformed the odds ratios from a recent study reporting APOE genetic risk for neuropathology‐confirmed AD. We regressed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD endophenotypes on the APOE‐npscore using data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP: 233 cognitively unimpaired (CU), 3 mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐AD)) and Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (WADRC: 287 CU, 42 MCI‐AD, 48 dementia‐AD). In preliminary analyses, APOE‐npscores were tested against CSF amyloid‐beta1‐42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) measured using Elecsys® immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Rotkreuz, Switzerland).ResultAfter adjusting for sex and age at lumbar puncture, the APOE‐npscore was associated with CSF Aβ42 (β = ‐115.9, p = 5.7e‐17) and pTau181 (β = 2.05, p = 4.7e‐8). APOE ε4 carrier status also associated with CSF Aβ42 (β = ‐238.0, p = 1.9e‐13) and pTau181 (β = 4.25, p = 1.1e‐6); however, models using APOE‐npscore explained 2.4% more variation in CSF Aβ42 and 0.8% more variation in CSF pTau181 than APOE ε4 status. These findings were similar in the subset of cognitively unimpaired participants.ConclusionOur preliminary results demonstrate the benefit of using a pseudo‐continuous variable like the neuropathology‐based APOE risk score instead of binary APOE ε4 status. The APOE‐npscore allows researchers to use a continuous measure to account for APOE genetic risk for AD that does not collapse important genotype categories. This increases statistical power, avoids modeling issues that result from small cell sizes, and allows for a more nuanced interpretation of the genetic effect in analyses.