bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal susceptibility profiles for fungal isolates from corneas and contact lenses in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tuft Stephen , Stone Neil , Burton Matthew , Johnson Elizabeth , Borman Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective To report the identification and results of susceptibility testing for fungal isolates from the cornea or contact lens care systems.Materials and methods In this retrospective epidemiological study, we searched the results of fungal cultures from cornea or contact lens systems referred for identification and susceptibility testing to the United Kingdom National Mycology Reference Laboratory between October 2016 and March 2022. For each fungal isolate, we recorded the genus and species of the fungus and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to six antifungal agents available to treat corneal infection (amphotericin, econazole, itraconazole, natamycin, posaconazole, and voriconazole).Results There were 600 isolates from 585 patients, comprising 374 (62%) from corneal samples and 226 from contact lenses and care systems, of which 414 (69%) isolates were moulds (filamentous fungi) and 186 (31%) were yeasts. The most frequent moulds isolated were Fusarium spp (234 isolates, 39%) and Aspergillus spp (62, 10%). The most frequent yeasts isolated were Candida spp (112, 19%), predominantly Candida parapsilosis (11%) and Candida albicans (6%), with 35 isolates (6%) of Meyerozyma guilliermondii. In vitro susceptibility was greatest for natamycin (347 moulds tested, mode 4 mg/L, range 0.25-64 mg/L; 98 yeasts tested, mode 4 mg/L, range 0.5–32 mg/L), with susceptibility for 94% for moulds and 99% yeasts. The isolates interpreted as highly resistant to natamycin (N, 14) were predominantly Aspergillus flavus complex.Conclusions In vitro susceptibility supports the use of natamycin for the empiric treatment of fungal keratitis in the UK.
Predictive and preventive Factors related to of head lice infestations among teenage girls student: Application of Health Belief Model
Authors: -Siuki Hadi Alizadeh , Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Fahimeh Attarian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Despite of improving public health, head lice infestations has remained as an important health issue among all society in worldwide. Head lice infestations are common in areas with high population density and associated with low socioeconomic status and health literacy. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive behaviors related to pediculosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in teenage girl students.
Methods & Material:
This cross-sectional survey was performed on 200 teenage girl students that randomly selected from 4 schools in different geographical areas in Torbat Heydaryeh city-Iran. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data on socio-demographic characteristics, health belief model constructs and pediculosis-related behaviors. This data was descripted and analyzed by two-sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS 22.
Result:
The overall percentage of head lice infestations was 4.1% and 9.5% of participations had experience of head lice infestations in the 3 past months. Itching reported in 30% of infected students (p < 0.001). Head lice infestations strongly predicted with itching on a scalp (OR = 73.2, 95% CI 8.23, 652.2), and the main protective factor for Head lice infestations was adopt of preventive behavior (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.47, 0.97), also the preventive behavior (according to HBM model) were explained by Perceived barriers, self-efficiency and predisposing factors (5.7%, 5.6% and 7.8%) respectively.
Conclusion:
It seems that should providing necessary trainings with an emphasis on recognizing symptoms of disease and promoting preventive behavior by reinforcing predisposing factors, perceived barriers and self-efficacy in students.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Majors among Chinese Medical Students: An Analysis of Enrollment and Admission Scores in Major Medical Disciplines
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Gu Jiaojiao , Li Wentao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction and objectives: The study examines the factors influencing the major choice of medical students in China, including individual preferences, social needs, role models, personal characteristics, and the impact of COVID-19. The aim is to provide insights for medical educators to help students make informed career decisions.Methods The study collected data from 11 universities with the largest medical student enrollment in China. A total of 14,016 valid questionnaires were analyzed using statistical methods.Results The study found that social needs and personal interests were the most significant factors influencing the choice of major for medical students in China. The majors with the largest number of enrollments are Obstetrics and Gynecology &Reproductive medicine, Oncology and Ophthalmology. However, there was a shortage of medical professionals in certain fields, such as emergency medicine and anesthesiology, due to medical students' preference for specialties that do not require emergency room visits or night shifts. COVID-19 also had a significant impact on the major choice of medical students in China, with students showing a greater inclination to pursue clinical medicine.Conclusions The study concludes that addressing the shortage of medical professionals in certain fields requires concerted efforts from the government, society, and educational institutions. Providing incentives and subsidies to doctors who face high work intensity and low pay, as well as offering relevant courses to stimulate students' interest in particular specialties, are some possible solutions. Furthermore, medical schools should ensure that students have sufficient personal time and space outside of their studies and provide adequate psychological support to help students manage the pressures of their demanding profession.
Synchronous profiling of mRNA N6-methyladenosine modifications and mRNA expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Jingfang , Jin Yanlu , Xing Jie , Zhang Jiejie , Chen Xin , Yu Aijun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective To synchronously determine epitranscriptome-wide RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications and mRNA expression profile in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).Methods The methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) was used to comprehensively examine the m6A modification and the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to analyze the mRNA expression profile in HGSOC and normal fallopian tube (FT) tissues. Go and KEGG analyses were carried out in the enrichment of those differentially methylated and expressed genes.Results MeRIP-seq data showed 53,794 m6A methylated peaks related to 19,938 genes in the HGSOC group and 51,818 m6A peaks representing 19,681 genes in the FT group. RNA-seq results revealed 2,321 upregulated and 2,486 downregulated genes in HGSOC. Conjoint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data identified differentially expressed genes in which 659 were hypermethylated and 897 were hypomethylated. The expression of the m6A eraser (FTO) was significantly lower, but the m6A readers (IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3) were higher in HGSOC, which was validated by the subsequent real-time PCR assay. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these differentially modulated genes are involved in pathways related to cancer development.Conclusions For the first time, our study screens the epitranscriptome-wide m6A modification and expression profiles of their modulated genes and signaling pathways in HGSOC. Our findings provide an alternative direction in exploring the molecular mechanisms of ovarian pathogenesis.
Unraveling the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway in DF-1 Cells: Insights into T-2 Toxin-Induced Oxidative Stress Regulation
Authors: yang lingchen , Gao Suisui , Xiao Shuai , Xiong Kuankuan , Liu Zhiwei , Wu Chujian , Li Linfeng , Zhou Mingxia , Yuan Guoxiang , Jiang Lihuang , Xiong Qianbo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
T-2 toxin (T2) poses a major threat to the health and productivity of animals and livestock. The induction of oxidative stress by T2 has been identified as a central factor in cellular damage. The Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway represents a crucial regulatory mechanism that protects cells from oxidative stress, with nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) serving as a vital component in this defense. To date, there has been a lack of research on the role of Nrf2 in mediating the effects of T2-induced oxidative stress in broilers. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 protein derived from broilers against T2-induced oxidative damage by constructing Nrf2 overexpression and knockdown DF-1 cell lines. Normal DF-1 cells, Nrf2 overexpressing cells, and Nrf2 knockdown cells were subjected to treatment with 50nM T2 for 24 hours. Results showed that an increase in Nrf2 protein levels was associated with a decrease in oxidative stress in DF-1 cells (P < 0.05) and an upregulation of antioxidant factor mRNA and protein expression. Conversely, downregulation of Nrf2 protein resulted in the opposite outcomes. This study provides valuable insights into the potential treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases in livestock and poultry.
Biomolecular condensation orchestrates clathrin-mediated endocytosis in plants
Authors: Damme Daniël Van , Dragwidge Jonathan , Wang Yanning , Brocard Lysiane , De Meyer Andreas , Hudeček Roman , eeckhout Dominique , Grones Peter , Buridan Matthieu , Chambaud Clément , Pejchar Přemysl , Potocký Martin , Winkler Joanna , Vandorpe Michael , Serre Nelson , Fendrych Matyas , Bernard Amélie , De Jaeger Geert , Pleskot Roman , Fang Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular internalisation pathway involving the dynamic assembly of clathrin and accessory proteins to form membrane-bound vesicles. The evolutionarily ancient TSET/TPLATE complex (TPC) plays an essential, but not well-defined role in endocytosis in plants. Here, we show that two highly disordered TPC subunits, AtEH1 and AtEH2 function as scaffolds to drive biomolecular condensation of the complex. These condensates specifically nucleate on the plasma membrane through interactions with anionic phospholipids, and facilitate the dynamic recruitment and assembly of clathrin, early-, and late-stage endocytic accessory proteins. Importantly, clathrin forms ordered assemblies within the condensate environment. Biomolecular condensation therefore acts to promote dynamic protein assemblies throughout clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, the disordered region sequence properties of AtEH1 regulate the material properties of the endocytic condensates in vivo. Alteration of the material properties influences endocytosis dynamics, and thereby impairs environmental adaption. In conclusion, our findings reveal how collective interactions shape endocytosis.
Predictors of Neonatal Mortality in Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Using 2005, 2010, and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Datasets.
Authors: Baruda Yirgalem Shibiru , Spigt Mark , Gabrio Andrea , Assebe Lelisa Fikadu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Ethiopia has the highest neonatal mortality rate in the world. Although the country has taken measures to reduce neonatal mortality, it has not been able to achieve a significant change in neonatal mortality in the last two decades. The study aims to determine the trends and predictors of change in neonatal mortality in Ethiopia for the past 15 years.Methods The study used Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Datasets (EDHS) from 2005, 2011, and 2016. All live births of reproductive-age women in Ethiopia were included in the study. Multivariate decomposition analysis for the nonlinear response variable (MVDCMP) based on the logit link function was employed to determine the relative contribution of each independent variable to the change in neonatal mortality over the last 15 years.Result The neonatal mortality rate has decreased by 11 per 1,000 live births, with an annual reduction rate of 2.8% during the survey period. The mortality rate increased in the pastoralist regions of the country from 31 per 1,000 live births to 36 per 1,000 live births, compared to the city and agrarian regions. Maternal ANC visits in 2005 and 2016 (AOR [95%CI] = 0.10 [0.01, 0.81]; 0.01 [0.02, 0.60]) were significantly associated with neonatal mortality. In addition, the decomposition analysis revealed that changes in composition in the preceding birth intervals of more than 24 months and early breastfeeding initiation contributed to the reduction of neonatal mortality by 26% and 10%, respectively, during the survey period.Conclusion The study found that neonatal mortality is a public health problem in the country, particularly in pastoralist communities. Tailor made maternal and child healthcare interventions that promote early breastfeeding initiation, birth intervals and ANC utilization should be implemented to reduce neonatal mortality, particularly in pastoralist communities.
The association between mobile game addiction and mental health problems and learning outcomes among Thai youths classified by gender and education levels
Authors: Phetphum Chakkraphan , Keeratisiroj Orawan , Prajongjeep Atchara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Youth are increasingly playing mobile games, which distinct from traditional games, but there is limited research investigating the causal relationship between mobile game addiction and mental health problems in Thailand. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between mobile game addiction and depression, loneliness, and social anxiety as well as academic performance.
Methods: Data were collected from 3,427 students in Thailand, using a 5-part self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used to analyse the data.
Results: The prevalence of mobile game addiction among Thai youth was 22.2%, which was higher among females (25.6%) than males (17.9%) and higher among high school students (25.6%) than vocational (20.6%) and undergraduate students (20.0%). According to the SEM analysis, mobile game addiction was significantly associated with depression (β = 0.36), loneliness (β = 0.31), social anxiety (β = 0.28), and Grade Point Average (GPA) mediated by social anxiety (β = 0.10).
Conclusion: The identification of a substantial group of addicted mobile gamers and the addiction effects on mental health issues supports efforts by all stakeholders to prevent youth from becoming game addicted as well as treat addicted gamers.
A rare case report of Thoracic Bony Human Tail In A New Born Baby And a Review of Literature
Authors: Deo Rama Chandra , Acharya Abhijit , Mahapatra Ashok K , Panigrahi Souvagya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The dorsal cutaneous appendage or so-called human tail, is considered to be a cutaneous marker of underlying occult dysraphism. We are presenting an unusual case of spinal dysraphism with a bony human tail at mid thoracic region occurring in a new born baby with tethered cord (conus at L4). Physical examination was unremarkable except for a thoracic appendage and a dermal sinus over coccyx region. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of spine revealed bony outgrowth arising from D7 posterior element with multiple butterfly shaped vertebrae found at D2 D4 D8 D9 D10with low lying conus at L4-L5 level. Surgical excision of the tail and untethering the spinal cord along with excision of dermal sinus were performed. The infant had an uneventful postoperative period and was unchanged neurologically. To our knowledge, no similar case has been reported in English literature till date. The specific features of this rare case of human tail treated surgically are discussed in light of the available literature.
A Novel Hybrid Approach for Multi-class
Classification of Lung Related Diseases
Authors: Roy Manojeet , Baruah Ujwala 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Of late, the whole world has seen an alarming impact due to the
widespread and rapid rise of Covid-19 cases. This paper addresses the
challenge of early and accurate detection of lung-related diseases, par-
ticularly Covid-19, Pneumonia, Lung-Cancer, and Normal chest images,
using hybrid deep learning models. The study evaluates the perfor-
mance of three hybrid deep learning architectures that use three feature
extraction models, namely InceptionV3, ReNet50, and Xception net Con-
volution Neural Network (CNN). The proposed hybrid models employ
recurrent neural networks, namely CNN-LSTM, CNN-GRU, and CNN-
BiGRU, for classification. The study uses both computed tomography
(CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) images to evaluate the models’ per-
formance. The CNN-BiGRU model achieved the highest accuracy of
99.57%, with an average sensitivity and precision of 99.00%, and an
F1-score of 99.00%. The study finds that the hybrid deep learning
strategy produces highly competitive accuracy while requiring modest
training time and loss for the classification of lung-related diseases.
Multivariate linear modeling of soil properties using soil formation factors
Authors: Pazhuhandeh Alireza , Torkashvand Ali Mohammadi , Moeini Abolfazl , Pazira Ebrahim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Parent material, climate, topography, time, and living organisms all play a role in soil formation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between these factors and soil physicochemical properties for rapid management of watersheds and Multivariate linear modeling of soil properties using soil formation factors. Four watersheds of Qazvin province were studied, namely Juyank, Madan, Niyarak, and Plangeh. First, the working unit map was prepared using a geographical information system (GIS) on a scale of 1:25000 based on photogeological investigations and field visits. Then, 101 soil samples were collected and EC, pH, organic matter percentage, sand fraction, silt proportion, and clay percentages were measured. The relationship between soil formation factors and properties was investigated using linear multivariate regression in three methods of Enter, Forward, and Stepwise. Therefore, the 5 soil-forming factors were the independent variables, and the soil's physical and chemical characteristics were set as the dependent variables. The accuracy of these models was validated using two statistics of explanation coefficient and mean squared error (RMSE). The results demonstrated that the highest R2 value of 0.78 with an RMSE of 0.56 was associated with the relationship between pH and soil-forming factors (regression by the Enter method). There was less than a 50% correlation between silt, clay, and electrical conductivity with soil-forming factors.
TRUsted rEsidents and Housing Assistance to decrease Violence Exposure in New Haven (TRUE HAVEN): A strengths-based and community-driven stepped-wedge intervention to reduce gun violence
Authors: Tong Guangyu , Spell Virginia T. , Horton Nadine , Thornhill Thomas , Keene Danya , Montgomery Christine , Spiegelman Donna , Wang Emily A. , Roy Brita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
We describe the rationale and study design for “TRUsted rEsidents and Housing Assistance to decrease Violence Exposure in New Haven (TRUE HAVEN),” a prospective type 1 hybrid effectiveness/implementation study of a multi-level intervention using a stepped wedge design. TRUE HAVEN aims to lower rates of community gun violence by fostering the stability, wealth, and well-being of individuals and families directly impacted by incarceration through the provision of stable housing and by breaking the cycle of trauma.
Design:
TRUE HAVEN is a multi-level intervention with three primary components: financial education paired with housing support (individual level), trauma-informed counseling (neighborhood level), and policy changes to address structural racism (city/state level). Six neighborhoods with among the highest rates of gun violence in New Haven, Connecticut, will receive the individual and neighborhood level intervention components sequentially beginning at staggered 6-month steps. Residents of these neighborhoods will be eligible to participate in the housing stability and financial education component if they were recently incarcerated or are family members of currently incarcerated people; participants will receive intense financial education and follow-up for six months and be eligible for special down payment and rental assistance programs. In addition, trusted community members and organization leaders within each target neighborhood will participate in trauma-informed care training sessions to then be able to recognize when their peers are suffering from trauma symptoms, to support these affected peers, and to destigmatize accessing professional mental health services and connect them to these services when needed. Finally, a multi-stakeholder coalition will be convened to address policies that act as barriers to housing stability or accessing mental healthcare. Interventions will be delivered through existing partnerships with community-based organizations and networks. The primary outcome is neighborhood rate of incident gun violence. To inform future implementation and optimize the intervention package as the study progresses, we will use the Learn As You Go approach to optimize and assess the effectiveness of the intervention package on the primary study outcome.
Discussion
Results from this protocol will yield novel evidence for whether and how addressing structural racism citywide leads to a reduction in gun violence.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05723614. Registration date: February 01, 2023.
Introducing a new magnetic nanocomposite based on the chitosan modified by sulfonic acid-containing moieties for synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Shahsavari Maryam , Piltan Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to environmental concerns, the development of bio-inspired nanocatalysts is growing increasingly. Hence, in this study an acidic magnetic nanocatalyst was prepared through a simple and efficient method. In this regard, chitosan (CS) was anchored by 4-amino-3-hydroxy-naphthalen-1-sulfonic acid (SA) and then magnetized by Fe3O4. Successful synthesis of magnetic CS-SA nanocomposites was confirmed with the help of FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, VSM, and TGA techniques. The as-synthesized magnetic CS-SA nanocomposites exhibited a very good activity for the multicomponent synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine and polyhydroquinoline compounds in the ethanol at 50°C. The synergistic effect of –SO3H groups and Fe3O4nanoparticles justified the remarkable activity of magnetic CS-SA nanocomposites. The catalyst was reusable 5 times and remained stable based on the hot filtration test. Some of the salient features of this method are easy catalyst separation, short reaction times, high to excellent efficiencies, safe and green solvent.
A method of restoring the entire income distribution function according to the Pareto index
Authors: Pokrovskii Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A simple heuristic model, including the multiple exchanges between economic agents, is used to explain the mechanism of emerging and maintenance of social inequality in the market economy. The model allows calculating a density function of the population distribution over income. The function can be considered as a strongly deformed Gauss distribution function, whereas, at large incomes, it coincides with the Pareto distribution. The external, in relation to the model under consideration, force is necessary to maintain the strong non-equilibrium in a stationary state, and this force is the nonequivalence of elementary exchanges: the agent who already receives the higher income has the advantage: it provokes the rich to be getting more rich and the poor to be getting pauper.