bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Doing the nation”-the representation of national identity: evidence from Chinese Confucius Institutes in Thailand
Authors: Li Jiangyu , Xv Chong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which overseas Chinese educators at Confucius Institutes (CIs) in Thailand act as representatives and practitioners of Chinese national identity. Though working for the state, CI teachers promote Chinese language and culture according to their own perceptions. In this paper, participatory observation and in-depth interviews were employed to assess how CI teachers in Thailand articulate their Chineseness and national identity. The findings show that (1) banal national sentiment was an important expression of the CI teachers' national identity, in terms of psychological attachment and ingrained behaviors; (2) pragmatic identity politics are used to distinguish various contributors to the CI; (3) the materialization of Chinese national identity recontextualizes the country via national symbols and cultural activities. The intricacy of the everyday activities of CI teachers illuminates the trans-nationalization and localization of Chinese national identity, which constitute the “doing” of the nation that the imaginary Chinese community in Thailand represents not just a government-endorsed national identity but also the CI teachers' creation of tradition.
Plasma state supervision utilizing millimeter wave radar systems
Authors: Schenkel Francesca , Baer Christoph , Rolfes Ilona , Schulz Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work introduces a method for plasma state supervision, based on a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar sensor and a suitable signal evaluation enabling a continuous supervision method for the plasma state. Highly precise phase evaluation of the signal allows us to detect and visualize smallest changes in the plasma state. Assuming the plasma to act like a frequency-dependent dielectric material, the propagation of the electromagnetic wave depends on the plasma state and hence, also the measured phase. Broadband measurements are carried out at center frequencies of 80 and 140 GHz in a low-pressure plasma. The radar-based setup can be used for a very flexible application, capable for spatially resolved measurements in the plasma bulk. At the same time, the high measurement rate allows for quasi real-time monitoring, so that transient processes in the plasma are recorded. Due to the simple setup, this approach is most suitable for industrial applications to improve process control. The chosen different frequencies will show a change in the influence of the plasma on the electromagnetic wave demonstrating the advantages of multi-frequency approaches in future applications.
Gas Emissions and Subsurface Architecture of Fault‐Controlled Geothermal Systems: A Case Study of the North Abaya Geothermal Area
Authors: Hutchison William , Ogilvie Euan R. D. , Birhane Yafet G. , Barry Peter H. , Fischer Tobias P. , Ballentine Chris J. , Hillegonds Darren J. , Biggs Juliet , Albino Fabien , Cervantes Chelsea , Guðbrandsson Snorri 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEast Africa hosts significant reserves of untapped geothermal energy. Exploration has focused on geologically young (<1 Ma) silicic calderas, yet there are many sites of geothermal potential where there is no clear link to an active volcano. The origin and architecture of these systems are poorly understood. Here, we combine remote sensing and field observations to investigate a fault‐controlled geothermal play located north of Lake Abaya in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Soil gas CO2 and temperature surveys were used to examine permeable pathways and showed elevated values along a ∼110 m high fault, which marks the western edge of the Abaya graben. Ground temperatures are particularly elevated where multiple intersecting faults form a wedged horst structure. This illustrates that both deep penetrating graben bounding faults and near‐surface fault intersections control the ascent of hydrothermal fluids and gases. Total CO2 emissions along the graben fault are ∼300 t d−1; a value comparable to the total CO2 emission from silicic caldera volcanoes. Fumarole gases show δ13C of −6.4‰ to −3.8‰ and air‐corrected 3He/4He values of 3.84–4.11 RA, indicating a magmatic source originating from an admixture of upper mantle and crustal helium. Although our model of the North Abaya geothermal system requires a deep intrusive heat source, we find no ground deformation evidence for volcanic unrest or recent volcanism along the graben fault. This represents a key advantage over the active silicic calderas that typically host these resources and suggests that fault‐controlled geothermal systems offer viable prospects for geothermal exploration.
Yearly Variations in Nutrient Supply in the East China Sea Due To the Zhejiang Coastal Upwelling and Kuroshio Intrusion
Authors: Luo Yifei , Shi Jie , Guo Xinyu , Mao Xinyan , Yao Peng , Zhao Bin , Chen Lin , Wang Yucheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe East China Sea (ECS) is a marginal sea with high productivity, especially in summer. In the Zhejiang coastal region of ECS, the large phytoplankton biomass in summer is attributed to the nutrients pumped up by Zhejiang coastal upwelling (ZCU), and oceanic nutrients supplied by the Kuroshio intrusion (KI) onto continental ECS. However, the yearly variations in these two processes are not consistent, which complicates coastal nutrient supplies. In this study, to understand the contributions of ZCU and KI to the nutrient supplies, nutrient concentrations, and phytoplankton biomass in ECS as well as their yearly variations, a physical‐biochemical coupled model was applied. According to model results and observations, the years 2013 and 2018 were identified as strong and weak ZCU years during 2010–2018 period, respectively. In 2013, nutrient and chlorophyll‐a concentrations were higher than 2018 in nearshore areas, but nutrient concentrations were lower than 2018 at the bottom of wide offshore areas. Strong wind stress in 2013 induced strong ZCU and shoreward net nutrient flux along the 60‐m isobath, which was seaward in 2018. The fewer nutrient supplies from KI in the spring of 2013 decreased the nutrient concentrations at the bottom of offshore areas, but its influence on nearshore nutrient concentrations was not as obvious as that caused by ZCU. Phytoplankton biomass in the nearshore and offshore areas reflected different mechanisms of nutrient supplies. In conclusion, the intensity of ZCU, rather than KI, is the principal factor influencing the coastal primary productivity of ECS in summer.
Understanding the Diurnal Cycle of Midlatitude Sporadic E. The Role of Metal Atoms
Authors: Haldoupis Christos , Haralambous Haris , Meek Chris , Mathews John D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMidlatitude ionosonde observations show that there is a sporadic E (Es) diurnal cycle that starts in higher altitudes at sunrise. This property is labeled as the “Sporadic E sunrise effect.” Given that sporadic E layers are composed of metal ions, the sunrise effect implies that metal atom solar photoionization could play a role in the diurnal variability of sporadic E occurrence. This possibility is endorsed by Arecibo's incoherent scatter radar observations, showing that weak ion layers at lowest E and uppermost D region heights appear at sunrise to live during the daytime, apparently coming out of nighttime metal atom mesospheric layers. The solar photoionization of metal atoms increases the abundance of metal ions available for Es layer generation during the daytime, whereas this effect is absent at nighttime. This can explain why sporadic E layers start or intensify at sunrise all year round and why Es activity maximizes during sunlit hours, as has been reported in many ionosonde and satellite radio occultation studies. The significance of metal atom solar photoionization on the regular diurnal variation of Es went unnoticed, despite existing evidence for a long time. The present paper provides a base for a better physical understanding of the pronounced 24‐hr periodicity in Es layer intensity and places a step toward the improvement of simulation models for the predictions of sporadic E layer characteristics.
A meta-analysis on the changes of BMI during an inpatient treatment with different follow-up lengths (short and long term) compared with the outpatient phase in obese patients
Authors: Rondanelli Mariangela , Gasparri Clara , Rigon Chiara , Ferraris Cinzia , Riva Antonella , Petrangolini Giovanna , Peroni Gabriella , Faliva Milena Anna , Naso Maurizio , Perna Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe management of obesity should be multidimensional based on the choice of the treatment and the intensity of the therapeutic-rehabilitative intervention. This meta-analysis aims to compare the changes on body weight and body mass index (BMI) during an inpatient treatment (hospitalized weight loss programs with different durations in terms of weeks) compared with the outpatient phase.MethodsThe data obtained from the studies on inpatients have been layered into two categories: short term (studies with follow-up of max 6 months) and long term (studies with follow-up up to 24 months). Furthermore, this study evaluates which of the two approaches show the best impact on weight loss and BMI during 2 follow-ups at 6 to 24 months.ResultsThe analysis, which included seven studies (977 patients), revealed that the subjects underwent a short hospitalization had greater benefit, compared to those who were followed for a long time. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effect (MD) showed a statistically significant decrease on BMI of −1.42 kg/m2(95% CI: −2.48 to −0.35;P = 0.009) and on body weight −6.94 (95% CI: −10.71 to −3.17;P = 0.0003) for subjects who carry out a short hospitalization compared to outpatients. No reduction of body weight (p = 0.07) and BMI (p = 0.9) for subjects who undergo a long hospitalization compared to an outpatient.ConclusionsA short-term inpatients multidisciplinary weight loss program could be the best choice for the management of obesity and its related comorbidities; on the contrary, if the follow-up is of long duration, the significance is not confirmed. The hospitalization at the beginning of any obesity treatment is significantly better than only outpatients treatment.
Commercial influenza vaccines vary in HA-complex structure and in induction of cross-reactive HA antibodies
Authors: Myers Mallory L. , Gallagher John R. , Kim Alexander J. , Payne Walker H. , Maldonado-Puga Samantha , Assimakopoulos Haralabos , Bock Kevin W. , Torian Udana , Moore Ian N. , Harris Audray K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInfluenza virus infects millions of people annually and can cause global pandemics. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary component of commercial influenza vaccines (CIV), and antibody titer to HA is a primary correlate of protection. Continual antigenic variation of HA requires that CIVs are reformulated yearly. Structural organization of HA complexes have not previously been correlated with induction of broadly reactive antibodies, yet CIV formulations vary in how HA is organized. Using electron microscopy to study four current CIVs, we find structures including: individual HAs, starfish structures with up to 12 HA molecules, and novel spiked-nanodisc structures that display over 50 HA molecules along the complex’s perimeter. CIV containing these spiked nanodiscs elicit the highest levels of heterosubtypic cross-reactive antibodies in female mice. Here, we report that HA structural organization can be an important CIV parameter and can be associated with the induction of cross-reactive antibodies to conserved HA epitopes.
Elevation-dependent intensification of fire danger in the western United States
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Reza , Abatzoglou John T. , Adamowski Jan , Modaresi Rad Arash , AghaKouchak Amir , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Sadegh Mojtaba 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies have identified elevation-dependent warming trends, but investigations of such trends in fire danger are absent in the literature. Here, we demonstrate that while there have been widespread increases in fire danger across the mountainous western US from 1979 to 2020, trends were most acute at high-elevation regions above 3000 m. The greatest increase in the number of days conducive to large fires occurred at 2500–3000 m, adding 63 critical fire danger days between 1979 and 2020. This includes 22 critical fire danger days occurring outside the warm season (May–September). Furthermore, our findings indicate increased elevational synchronization of fire danger in western US mountains, which can facilitate increased geographic opportunities for ignitions and fire spread that further complicate fire management operations. We hypothesize that several physical mechanisms underpinned the observed trends, including elevationally disparate impacts of earlier snowmelt, intensified land-atmosphere feedbacks, irrigation, and aerosols, in addition to widespread warming/drying.
Primitive haematopoiesis in the human placenta gives rise to macrophages with epigenetically silenced HLA-DR
Authors: Thomas Jake R. , Appios Anna , Calderbank Emily F. , Yoshida Nagisa , Zhao Xiaohui , Hamilton Russell S. , Moffett Ashley , Sharkey Andrew , Laurenti Elisa , Hanna Courtney W. , McGovern Naomi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe earliest macrophages are generated during embryonic development from erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) via primitive haematopoiesis. Although this process is thought to be spatially restricted to the yolk sac in the mouse, in humans, it remains poorly understood. Human foetal placental macrophages, or Hofbauer cells (HBC), arise during the primitive haematopoietic wave ~18 days post conception and lack expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II. Here, we identify a population of placental erythro-myeloid progenitors (PEMPs) in the early human placenta that have conserved features of primitive yolk sac EMPs, including the lack ofHLFexpression. Using in vitro culture experiments we demonstrate that PEMP generate HBC-like cells lacking HLA-DR expression. We find the absence of HLA-DR in primitive macrophages is mediated via epigenetic silencing of class II transactivator, CIITA, the master regulator of HLA class II gene expression. These findings establish the human placenta as an additional site of primitive haematopoiesis.
The in vivo measurement of replication fork velocity and pausing by lag-time analysis
Authors: Huang Dean , Johnson Anna E. , Sim Brandon S. , Lo Teresa W. , Merrikh Houra , Wiggins Paul A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn important step towards understanding the mechanistic basis of the central dogma is the quantitative characterization of the dynamics of nucleic-acid-bound molecular motors in the context of the living cell. To capture these dynamics, we develop lag-time analysis, a method for measuring in vivo dynamics. Using this approach, we provide quantitative locus-specific measurements of fork velocity, in units of kilobases per second, as well as replisome pause durations, some with the precision of seconds. The measured fork velocity is observed to be both locus and time dependent, even in wild-type cells. In this work, we quantitatively characterize known phenomena, detect brief, locus-specific pauses at ribosomal DNA loci in wild-type cells, and observe temporal fork velocity oscillations in three highly-divergent bacterial species.
19.31% binary organic solar cell and low non-radiative recombination enabled by non-monotonic intermediate state transition
Authors: Fu Jiehao , Fong Patrick W. K. , Liu Heng , Huang Chieh-Szu , Lu Xinhui , Lu Shirong , Abdelsamie Maged , Kodalle Tim , Sutter-Fella Carolin M. , Yang Yang , Li Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon-fullerene acceptors based organic solar cells represent the frontier of the field, owing to both the materials and morphology manipulation innovations. Non-radiative recombination loss suppression and performance boosting are in the center of organic solar cell research. Here, we developed a non-monotonic intermediate state manipulation strategy for state-of-the-art organic solar cells by employing 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene as crystallization regulator, which optimizes the film crystallization process, regulates the self-organization of bulk-heterojunction in a non-monotonic manner, i.e., first enhancing and then relaxing the molecular aggregation. As a result, the excessive aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors is avoided and we have achieved efficient organic solar cells with reduced non-radiative recombination loss. In PM6:BTP-eC9 organic solar cell, our strategy successfully offers a record binary organic solar cell efficiency of 19.31% (18.93% certified) with very low non-radiative recombination loss of 0.190 eV. And lower non-radiative recombination loss of 0.168 eV is further achieved in PM1:BTP-eC9 organic solar cell (19.10% efficiency), giving great promise to future organic solar cell research.
Cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers and retired day workers
Authors: Chin Brian N. , Lehrer H. Matthew , Tracy Eunjin Lee , Barinas-Mitchell Emma , Wilckens Kristine A. , Carroll Lucas W. , Buysse Daniel J. , Hall Martica H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNight shift work is associated with poor cardiometabolic outcomes, even post-retirement. However, the characteristics of cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers (RNSW) compared to retired day workers (RDW) are not well-understood. Rigorous characterization of cardiometabolic dysfunction in RNSW and RDW will inform targeted risk stratification for RNSW. This observational study evaluated whether RNSW (n = 71) had poorer cardiometabolic function than RDW (n = 83). We conducted a multimodal assessment of cardiometabolic function including metabolic syndrome prevalence, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, and carotid intima-media thickness. Main analyses tested overall group differences. Sex-stratified follow-up analyses tested group differences separately in men and women. RNSW had 2.6-times higher odds of metabolic syndrome prevalence than RDW in
unadjusted analyses (95% CI  [1.1,6.3]); this association was not significant when adjusting for age, race and education. RNSW and RDW (Mage = 68.4; 55% female) did not differ in percent flow-mediated dilation or carotid intima-media thickness. In sex-stratified analyses, women RNSW had 3.3-times higher odds of having high body mass index than women RDW (95% CI  [1.2,10.4]). Men RNSW had 3.9-times higher odds of having high triglycerides than men RDW (95% CI [1.1,14.2]). No other group differences were observed. We found mixed evidence that night shift work exposure was associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction in retirement, possibly in a sex-specific manner.
ABCB1 expression is increased in human first trimester placenta from pregnant women classified as overweight or obese
Authors: Justesen Signe , Bilde Katrine , Olesen Rasmus H. , Pedersen Lars H. , Ernst Erik , Larsen Agnete 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObesity has become a global health challenge also affecting reproductive health. In pregnant women, obesity increases the risk of complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Moreover, obesity is associated with long-term adverse effects for the offspring, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and neurodevelopmental difficulties. The underlying mechanisms are far from understood, but placental function is essential for pregnancy outcome. Transporter proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) are important for trans-placental transport of endogenous substances like lipids and cortisol, a key hormone in tissue maturation. They also hold a protective function protecting the fetus from xenobiotics (e.g. pharmaceuticals). Animal studies suggest that maternal nutritional status can affect expression of placental transporters, but little is known about the effect on the human placenta, especially in early pregnancy. Here, we investigated if overweight and obesity in pregnant women altered mRNA expression of ABCB1 encoding P-gp or ABCG2 encoding BCRP in first trimester human placenta. With informed consent, 75 first trimester placental samples were obtained from women voluntarily seeking surgical abortion (< gestational week 12) (approval no.: 20060063). Villous samples (average gestational age 9.35 weeks) were used for qPCR analysis. For a subset (n = 38), additional villi were snap-frozen for protein analysis. Maternal BMI was defined at the time of termination of pregnancy. Compared to women with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (n = 34), ABCB1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in placenta samples from women classified as overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, n = 18) (p = 0.040) and women classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 23) (p = 0.003). Albeit P-gp expression did not show statistically significant difference between groups, the effect of increasing BMI was the same in male and female pregnancies. To investigate if the P-gp increase was compensated, we determined the expression of ABCG2 which was unaffected by maternal obesity (p = 0.291). Maternal BMI affects ABCB1 but not ABCG2 mRNA expression in first trimester human placenta. Further studies of early placental function are needed to understand how the expression of placental transport proteins is regulated by maternal factors such as nutritional status and determine the potential consequences for placental–fetal interaction.
A double-spiral maze and hi-resolution tracking pipeline to study dispersal by groups of minute insects
Authors: Cointe M. , Burte V. , Perez G. , Mailleret L. , Calcagno V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMinute insects such as parasitic micro-wasps have high basic and applied importance for their widespread use as biocontrol agents. Their dispersal is a phenotype of particular interest. Classically, it is evaluated using field releases, but those are time consuming, costly, and their results highly variable, preventing high-throughput and repeatability. Alternatively, dispersal can be studied using small-scale assays, but those neglect important higher-scale processes. Consequently, proper evaluation of dispersal is often complicated or lacking in academic studies and biocontrol breeding programs. Here we introduce a new method, the double-spiral maze, that allows the study of spatial propagation of groups of micro-wasps at relevant scales (several hours and meters), retaining high throughput and experimental power. The method records the location of every individual at every time, enabling accurate estimates of diffusion coefficients or other dispersal metrics. We describe this affordable, scalable, and easy-to-implement method, and illustrate its application with a species of agricultural interest.