bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innocence over utilitarianism: Heightened moral standards for robots in rescue dilemmas
Authors: Sundvall Jukka , Drosinou Marianna , Hannikainen Ivar , Elovaara Kaisa , Halonen Juho , Herzon Volo , Kopecký Robin , Jirout Košová Michaela , Koverola Mika , Kunnari Anton , Perander Silva , Saikkonen Teemu , Palomäki Jussi , Laakasuo Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch in moral psychology has found that robots, more than humans, are expected to make utilitarian decisions. This expectation is found specifically when contrasting utilitarian action to deontological inaction. In a series of eight experiments (total N = 3752), we compared judgments about robots’ and humans’ decisions in a rescue dilemma with no possibility of deontological inaction. A robot's decision to rescue an innocent victim of an accident was judged more positively than the decision to rescue two people culpable for the accident (Studies 1–2b). This pattern repeated in a large‐scale web survey (Study 3, N = ∼19,000) and reversed when all victims were equally culpable/innocent (Study 5). Differences in judgments about humans’ and robots’ decisions were largest for norm‐violating decisions. In sum, robots are not always expected to make utilitarian decisions, and their decisions are judged differently from those of humans based on other moral standards as well.
Subordinated Gaussian processes for solar irradiance
Authors: Berry Caitlin M. , Kleiber William , Hodge Bri‐Mathias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditionally the power grid has been a one‐way street with power flowing from large transmission‐connected generators through the distribution network to consumers. This paradigm is changing with the introduction of distributed renewable energy resources (DERs), and with it, the way the grid is managed. There is currently a dearth of high fidelity solar irradiance datasets available to help grid researchers understand how expansion of DERs could affect future power system operations. Realistic simulations of by‐the‐second solar irradiances are needed to study how DER variability affects the grid. Irradiance data are highly non‐stationary and non‐Gaussian, and even modern time series models are challenged by their distributional properties. We develop a subordinated non‐Gaussian stochastic model whose simulations realistically capture the distribution and dependence structure in measured irradiance. We illustrate our approach on a fine resolution dataset from Hawaii, where our approach outperforms standard nonlinear time series models.
A new connectivity model for unmanned aerial vehicle communications and flying height optimization
Authors: Mohammed Imran , Collings Iain B. , Hanly Stephen V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new connectivity model for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. We present closed‐form formulas for the probability of line‐of‐sight as a function of UAV height and distance to a ground based receiver, based on a two‐dimensional model of building and UAV locations. We show that our formulas exactly match Monte‐Carlo simulated values, whereas the existing approach over‐predicts by a factor of 2 to 3. We use the model to optimize the flying height for a UAV deployed as a mobile base station, where the goal is to maximize the number of possible connected users. We observe that the optimal height has a log‐linear characteristic. We use this to present a closed‐form formula for optimal height. We show that our techniques predict the height within 4% of realistic Monte‐Carlo simulations, and significantly outperform existing approaches which are shown to over‐predict by 40%–50%.
Thermal response of timber connections in the cooling phase
Authors: Horne Paul , Abu Anthony , Palermo Alessandro , Moss Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStructures are conventionally designed to maintain load‐bearing capacity during the heating phase of a fire. However, in structures with moderate or high thermal inertia, the thermal field which results in the lowest structural resistance is likely to occur after the heating phase. This is of particular interest for timber connections because the strength and elastic modulus of timber reduces until the formation of char while steel plates and fasteners, which transfer forces between elements, conduct heat through the connection. It is unclear how thermal fields develop in timber connections during the cooling phase of fires and what influence different cooling rates have. Experiments on identical timber beam‐column subassemblies exposed to the same heating duration but two different cooling phases are presented. The results show that exposed steel components conduct heat into the connection, which propagates a thermal wave through the elements. Although the thermal waves had similar speeds, the specimen absorbed more thermal energy during the longer cooling phase, resulting in higher temperatures. Since the strength and elastic modulus of timber decrease at temperatures below 100°C, these results provide evidence that the structural resistance of a timber connection decreases in the cooling or post‐cooling phases and that a longer cooling phase is more severe than a shorter one. Further investigation into thermal exposure during the cooling phase of realistic compartment fires and the response of a wide variety of timber connections is required to quantify the reduced performance and support the development of appropriate design methods.
Examining relationships between parent‐reported factors and recurring ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
Authors: Constantinides Fina , Orr Neil , Nash Kai , Evans John Robert , McMahon Catherine M. , Gunasekera Hasantha , Harkus Samantha , Clague Liesa , Cross Cara , Halvorsen Luke , Lumby Noeleen , Coates Harvey , Macniven Rona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIssue addressedAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child ear health is complex and multiple. We examined relationships between parent‐reported sociodemographic, child health, health service access factors and ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 3 to 7 years.MethodsThe Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a large child cohort study with annual parent‐reported data collection. Generalised linear mixed model analyses examined Wave 1 (1309 children 0‐5 years; 2008) predictors of being free of parent‐reported ear symptoms in both Waves 2 and 3.ResultsA total of 1030 (78.7%) had no reported ear symptoms in either Wave 2 or 3. In the fully adjusted model, children who had been hospitalised in the past year (aOR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.19‐3.93) and those with no ear symptoms (aOR = 2.94; 95% CI, 1.59‐5.46) at Wave 1 had higher odds of no ear symptoms in both the subsequent waves. There were also relationships between parent main source of income–government pension or allowance as well as parents who reported no history of their own ear symptoms and higher odds of no ear symptoms in Waves 2 and 3 after partial adjustment for sociodemographic factors.ConclusionThese findings suggest relationships between different sociodemographic and health factors and parent‐reported ear symptoms among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children that warrant further investigation.So what? Children with parent‐reported ear symptoms during the early years need holistic support to prevent future ear symptoms that impact health, social and educational life trajectories.
Factors influencing village information systems adoption in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Sihotang Dony Martinus , Purwandari Betty , Eitiveni Imairi , Putri Mutia Fadhila , Hidayanto Achmad Nizar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLike other developing countries, the Indonesian government is pursuing digital transformation to achieve good governance at the central and micro levels. One of the strategies for achieving digital government transformation at the micro level is implementing village information systems (VIS), information systems that village officials manage. Unfortunately, not all villages in Indonesia are thriving in adopting VIS. Therefore, this study aims to answer an overarching puzzle: Why did some village governments successfully adopt VIS while others failed? Using a case‐study approach to VIS adoption in Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia, this study fills the gap in the literature from the technological‐organizational–environmental perspective that affects e‐government adoption at the village government level. We found four main factors that influence the success or failure of village information systems adoption: (1) VIS interoperability (technology context), (2) the workload of village officers (organizational context), (3) the role of civil society, and (4) the role of a vendor (environmental context). This research enriches the literature by identifying these four factors within the TOE framework, still rarely present in e‐government adoption studies, especially in the context of village governments in developing countries. This research has practical implications for the successful adoption of VIS as a village government effort to gain data sovereignty.
Use of the Shizuoka Hip Fracture Prognostic Score (SHiPS) to Predict Long‐Term Mortality in Patients With Hip Fracture in Japan: A Cohort Study Using the Shizuoka Kokuho Database
Authors: Ohata Emi , Nakatani Eiji , Kaneda Hideaki , Fujimoto Yoh , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Takagi Akira 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTHip fractures are common in patients of advanced age and are associated with excess mortality. Rapid and accurate prediction of the prognosis using information that can be easily obtained before surgery would be advantageous to clinical management. We performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study using an 8.5‐year Japanese claims database (April 2012–September 2020) to develop and validate a predictive model for long‐term mortality after hip fracture. The study included 43,529 patients (34,499 [79.3%] women) aged ≥65 years with first‐onset hip fracture. During the observation period, 43% of the patients died. Cox regression analysis identified the following prognostic predictors: sex, age, fracture site, nursing care certification, and several comorbidities (any malignancy, renal disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, liver disease, metastatic solid tumor, and deficiency anemia). We then developed a scoring system called the Shizuoka Hip Fracture Prognostic Score (SHiPS); this system was established by scoring based on each hazard ratio and classifying the degree of mortality risk into four categories based on decision tree analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year mortality based on the SHiPS was 0.718 (95% CI, 0.706–0.729), 0.736 (95% CI, 0.728–0.745), and 0.758 (95% CI, 0.747–0.769), respectively, indicating good predictive performance of the SHiPS for as long as 5 years after fracture onset. Even when the SHiPS was individually applied to patients with or without surgery after fracture, the prediction performance by the AUC was >0.7. These results indicate that the SHiPS can predict long‐term mortality using preoperative information regardless of whether surgery is performed after hip fracture.
Autonomic dysregulation and self‐injurious thoughts and behaviours in children and young people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bellato Alessio , Admani Muskaan Aleeza , Deak Camila , Farhat Luis Carlos , Fontana Antunes de Oliveira Maria Carolina , Vasconcelos Rebeca , Malanchini Margherita , Shephard Elizabeth , Michelini Giorgia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs) have been associated with dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in children and young people, suggesting that objective ANS measures may aid assessment of suicide risk, but a systematic synthesis of this literature is currently lacking.MethodsFollowing a pre‐registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42022327605), we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, for empirical studies published until 10th May 2022 that compared indices of ANS functioning in individuals aged 0–25 years with versus without SITBs, or reported continuous associations between ANS measures and SITBs. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scales. Pooled effect sizes (Hedge's g) were estimated with random‐effects meta‐analytic models.ResultsTwenty studies (1979 participants) were included in our systematic review, with 16 included in meta‐analyses. Results suggested that SITBs were associated with altered cardiac indices of arousal (g = −0.328, p < 0.001), which was driven by lower heart rate variability in individuals with SITBs (g = −0.375, p = 0.025). Overall results for electrodermal activity were not significant (g = 0.026, p = 0.857), but subgroup analyses showed increased activity in studies of individuals who engaged specifically in non‐suicidal self‐harm (g = 0.249, p = 0.014) but decreased activity in the remaining studies (g = −0.567, p = 0.004).ConclusionsOur systematic review and meta‐analysis found evidence of reduced parasympathetic regulation as well as more tentative evidence of altered electrodermal activity in children and young people displaying SITBs. Future longitudinal studies should test the clinical utility of these markers for detecting and monitoring suicide risk.
Geographical variation in cool and warm season responses of earlywood and latewood tree‐ring chronologies in Athrotaxis selaginoides
Authors: Adriaanse‐Tucker Andrew , Allen Kathryn J. , English Nathan B. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTOur understanding of land‐based cool season temperature variability over the past millennium is limited by the relative lack of annually resolved temperature proxies, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we develop the first earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) width chronologies from Australia based on the Tasmanian endemic conifer Athrotaxis selaginoides in the far southeast of Australia. We also develop total ring width (RW), EW and LW chronologies from a new site in the far south. We compare the climate responses of RW, EW and adjusted LW chronologies of three A. selagnoides sites near the southern extent of the species with three sites of the species near the northern extent of the species. RW and EW at the southern sites are strongly and positively related to cool season temperature (July–October), but in the north, RW and EW are more strongly and positively related with summer (December–February) temperatures. Once adjusted for the influence of the same growing season EW, LW in the north is very strongly negatively correlated with January–February temperatures across southeastern Australia. The new southern RW and EW chronologies can be used to extend one of only two annually resolved regional cool season temperature reconstructions in the Southern Hemisphere back a further 180 years.
Association of Diet Patterns and Post‐Operative Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dedhia Kavita , Li Yun , Stallings Virginia A. , Germiller John , Giordano Terri , Dailey Julia , Kong Maria , Durkin Alexandra , Legg‐Jack Ibikari , Nessen Sarah , Schapira Marilyn M. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore diet patterns in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by postoperative tympanostomy tube otorrhea.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey and retrospective cohort study.MethodsCaregivers of children (0–12 years old), at a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital who underwent TTP within 6 months to 2 years prior to enrollment were included. Children with a history of Down syndrome, cleft palate, craniofacial syndromes, known immunodeficiency, or a non‐English‐speaking family were excluded. Our primary outcome variable was the number of otorrhea episodes. The primary predictor was diet patterns, particularly dessert intake, which was captured through a short food questionnaire.ResultsA total of 286 participants were included in this study. The median age was 1.8 years (IQR, 1.3, 2.9). A total of 174 (61%) participants reported at least one episode of otorrhea. Children who consumed dessert at least two times per week had a higher risk of otorrhea compared to children who consumed one time per week or less (odds ratio [OR], 3.22, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.69, 6.12). The odds ratio increase continued when considering more stringent criteria for otorrhea (multiple episodes or one episode occurring 4 weeks after surgery), with a 2.33 (95% CI: 1.24, 4.39) higher odds of otorrhea in children with dessert intake at least 2 times per week.ConclusionsOur pilot data suggest that episodes of otorrhea among children with TTP were associated with more frequent dessert intake. Future studies using prospectively administered diet questionnaires are necessary to confirm these findings.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3575–3581, 2023
Diatomic Metasurface for Efficient Six‐Channel Modulation of Jones Matrix
Authors: Feng Chao , He Tao , Shi Yuzhi , Song Qinghua , Zhu Jingyuan , Zhang Jian , Wang Zhanshan , Tsai Din Ping , Cheng Xinbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMulti‐channel modulation of Jones matrix facilitates encoding a variety of different functions in metasurfaces. However, multiple channels are usually accompanied by a high system complexity and a low efficiency. Here, a compact and effective diatomic metasurface platform that can impose the six‐channel modulation of Jones matrix efficiently is proposed. The metasurface consists of two anisotropic nanopillars with exquisitely designed structural sizes and rotation angles with near‐unity transmission. To verify the methodology, the independent regulation of six Jones‐matrix channels is demonstrated, and three nanoprinting images and three holographic images are integrated into a single metasurface. Furthermore, by interleaving two diatomic meta‐atoms operating at two different wavelengths within a super‐pixel, the multiplexing capacity of the Jones matrix is extended to twelve channels, paving the way to a broader exploitation of multi‐functional optical devices in optical communications, data storage and encryption, and so on.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct immune cell subsets in phalangeal and soft‐tissue recurrence of giant cell tumor of bone
Authors: Yang Meiling , Wang Fen , Liang Huishan , Ji Genxin , Lian Yating , Zou Changye , Zhao Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB), an intermediate locally aggressive neoplasm that frequently involves the epiphyseal region of the long bones. GCTB of the distal phalanx and soft‐tissue recurrences are extremely rare. Little is known about the cellular and molecular differences between GCTB of the long bones and rare sites.MethodsWe employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the transcriptional profiles of 28,992 cells originating from patients afflicted with GCTB in the femur, distal phalanx, and soft‐tissue relapse. To confirm the critical findings, we subjected the paraffin sections of GCTB to immunohistochemical staining.ResultsOur study revealed that GCTBs in rare sites display distinct immune subtypes and antigen presentation gene signatures. We observed minimal lymphocyte infiltration in GCTBs of the phalanx. Further analyses demonstrated that the transforming growth factor‐β pathway and profibrotic proteins were significantly upregulated in phalanx lesions. In contrast, GCTB cells from soft‐tissue recurrence exhibited discernible chondrocyte characteristics but presented lower antigen‐presenting ability compared to those from femur lesions. Notably, we identified an immunosuppressive subset of mast cells in the soft‐tissue recurrence. The secretion of proangiogenic and immunosuppressive factors from these mast cells suggests their potential role in the formation of vascular‐rich and immunosuppressive niches in recurrent lesions.ConclusionsCollectively, this study broadens our comprehension of the gene expression patterns observed in infrequent location GCTBs and furnishes a repository of information for illuminating promising therapeutic targets for rare GCTBs.
Alabama, Kansas provider communities looking forward to new CCBHC funding
Authors: Canady Valerie A. 
Published: March 2023

Mental Health Weekly last week interviewed two behavioral health care leaders representing Alabama and Kansas, two of 15 states recently awarded $1 million, one‐year Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) planning grants, courtesy of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
Health care Professionals' experiences of counselling competence in digital care pathways – A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kaihlaniemi Juulia , Liljamo Pia , Rajala Mira , Kaakinen Pirjo , Oikarinen Anne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimHealth care professionals are tasked with the role of supporting patients in using eHealth services in their personal care and counselling competence in digital environments to ensure appropriate patient care. Our aim was to describe health care professionals' experiences of counselling competence in Digital Care Pathways.DesignA descriptive qualitative study.MethodsInterviews with semi‐structured questions were conducted. Twelve healthcare professionals were interviewed. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The results were reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.ResultsThe analysis revealed eight distinct areas of competence related to counselling in Digital Care Pathways, namely, counselling competences related to the use of Digital Care Pathways, supporting patients' self‐care, information technology competence, competence in creating an interactive counselling relationship on the Digital Care Pathway, information management, ethical competence related to counselling in Digital Care Pathways, competence to developing Digital Care Pathways services, and change competence.No Public or Patient ContributionDue to the complex and unpredictable circumstances of COVID, people's strict confinement in the hospital prohibited free access to them and the study environment. Therefore, the professionals involved in the study were interviewed through online systems.
Chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm based cascaded PI‐TID controller for frequency control in three area hybrid microgrid system
Authors: Bhuyan Mausri , Das Dulal Chandra , Barik Amar Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe work represents a unique methodology for control of frequency in three area independent and interconnected hybrid microgrid systems. The proposed hybrid microgrids consist of solar chimney (SC), combined solar gas turbine (CSGT), bio‐diesel operated generator (BDOG), DC link, energy storage units such as battery energy storage unit (BESU), super‐magnetic energy storage unit (SMESU), and redox flow battery (RFB) based. Integration of generating units such as SC, CSGT, BDOG, SMESU, RFB, and DC link in three area hybrid microgrid is also a unique work. A newly developed chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) is applied so as to obtain the optimized standards of the cascaded PI‐TID controller employed with dispatchable generating units. Comparative analysis of different algorithms and controllers is achieved to establish the dominance of the anticipated control strategy. The impact of each component on the system is examined while taking into account various real‐time scenarios. Finally, the efficacy of cascaded PI‐TID controller tuned using CBOA is established by sensitivity analysis with significant changes in source and load circumstances.