bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous sensing for target tracking: architecture, techniques, applications and challenges
Authors: Li Zhize , Liu Jun , Chen Kezhou , Gao Xiang , Tang Chenshuo , Xie Chao , Lu Xu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Target-tracking applications are promising and possess great theoretical and practical significance, though the research faces great challenges. With the development of multi-modal depth-sensing technology, a large number of scholars have proposed various target-tracking methods based on heterogeneous sensing and demonstrated great results. This review provides an overview of the techniques involved in target tracking in the different layers of the network as well as a comprehensive analysis of the research progress in heterogeneous sensing techniques in each layer. First, this review introduces the single sensing scheme and heterogeneous sensing scheme in the physical layer. Second, we present the heterogeneous communication technologies and heterogeneous optimization methods for communication protocols in the network layer. Third, we combine several typical heterogeneous-sensor target-tracking applications and analyze the applications of cloud computing, edge computing, big data and blockchain technologies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future direction of heterogeneous-sensor target-tracking methods.
A compact Scheimpflug lidar imaging instrument for industrial diagnostics of flames
Authors: Dominguez Armand , Borggren Jesper , Xu Can , Otxoterena Paul , Försth Michael , Leffler Tomas , Bood Joakim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Scheimpflug lidar is a compact alternative to traditional lidar setups. With Scheimpflug lidar it is possible to make continuous range-resolved measurements. In this study we investigate the feasibility of a Scheimpflug lidar instrument for remote sensing in pool flames, which are characterized by strong particle scattering, large temperature gradients, and substantial fluctuations in particle distribution due to turbulence. An extinction coefficient can be extracted using the information about the transmitted laser power and the spatial extent of the flame. The transmitted laser power is manifested by the intensity of the ‘echo’ from a hard-target termination of the beam located behind the flame, while the information of the spatial extent of the flame along the laser beam is provided by the range-resolved scattering signal. Measurements were performed in heptane and diesel flames, respectively.
Development of hypothetico-deductive skills in an ISLE-based lab taught by novice instructors
Authors: Buggé Danielle , Rutberg Joshua , Ahmed Sheehan H , Zisk Robert , Jammula Diane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Investigative Science Learning Environment (ISLE) approach to learning and teaching holds as one of its core tenets that students should learn physics by engaging in the same processes through which physicists develop new knowledge. One key skill necessary for this is hypothetico-deductive reasoning. In this study, we explored how the experience and familiarity of a lab instructor with the ISLE approach impacted students’ development of key scientific abilities related to making and testing hypotheses.
Reduced ITO for transparent superconducting electronics
Authors: Batson Emma , Colangelo Marco , Simonaitis John , Gebremeskel Eyosias , Medeiros Owen , Saravanapavanantham Mayuran , Bulovic Vladimir , Keathley P Donald , Berggren Karl K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Absorption of light in superconducting electronics is a major limitation on the quality of circuit architectures that integrate optical components with superconducting components. A 10 nm thick film of a typical superconducting material like niobium can absorb over half of any incident optical radiation. Instead, we propose using superconductors that are transparent to the wavelengths used elsewhere in the system. In this paper, we investigated reduced indium tin oxide (ITO) as a potential transparent superconductor for electronics. We fabricated and characterized superconducting wires of reduced ITO. We also showed that a

10

n
m

thick film of this material would only absorb about 1%–20% of light between 500 and 1700 nm.
Numerical simulations of electromagnetic behavior in CORC cable based on a modified

H−ϕ

formulation
Authors: Shan Shouhong , Wang Sijian , Yong Huadong , Zhou Youhe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Alternating current (AC) losses have an important effect on the stable operation of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs). Researchers have proposed many formulations to estimate AC losses based on finite element methods, such as

T

−

A

formulation,

H

formulation and

H

−
ϕ

formulation. In this paper, in order to simulate complicated multi-layer conductor on round core (CORC) cable with transport current, a modified

H

−
ϕ

formulation is proposed to calculate AC losses in complicated HTS structures. The formulation, which is easy to implement and has fast computation speed, is verified by comparing the calculation results with the existing formulations and experiments. The electromagnetic behavior of CORC cables and a helical coil wound by a three-layer CORC cable is investigated with a modified

H

−
ϕ

formulation. The numerical results show the non-uniformity of the losses and currents in the different layers of the CORC cable. Furthermore, the effects of the external magnetic field on the distribution of the transport current are also discussed.
Probing the percolation in the quantum anomalous Hall insulator
Authors: He Mengyun , Huang Yu , Sun Huimin , Fu Yu , Zhang Peng , Wang Kang L , He Qing Lin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The percolation plays an essential role in the physics of plateau transition, localization, and breakdown in quantum Hall (QH) systems. In practice, it always exists probably due to sample imperfections and has to be addressed before realizing the full potentials of topological electronics and qubits. Here, we investigate the cause, distribution, and number of the percolation in a quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator of an anti-Hall bar geometry with two perimeters, which allows for probing both the inter- and intra-perimeter percolations by injecting currents into either or both perimeters. We discover the dual-QAH effect with opposite chiralities from these two perimeters, which exhibits linear modulations by the currents applied to both perimeters. By solving the formulation of such modulations with the Landauer–Büttiker formalism, the distribution and number of the inter-perimeter percolative channels could be identified. Strikingly, a dissipative constituent is detected in the transport of the QAH state, as revealed by the linear scalings in longitudinal conductivities versus the sum of currents injected to both perimeters, similar to that in the trivial-insulating state. Such a behavior unveils the quasi-2D nature of the intra-perimeter percolation, which superimposes onto and perturbs the dissipationless chiral edge transport. The formation of percolations is ascribed to the joint effect of the electric field, finite conductivity, and sample imperfections.
A DFT study of structural and electronic properties of some B12-based compounds under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Özcan Merve , Cabuk Suleyman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Using both standard DFT and GW approaches provided by VASP, we calculated in detail the structural properties and electronic band structures of α-B12 and some B12-based compounds in the rhombohedral structure. In addition, the changes in all physical properties calculated under hydrostatic pressure in the range of 0–350 GPa were investigated using the standard DFT method. It was observed that the lattice parameter and bond length values of α-B12 and some B12-based compounds examined in the pressure range of 0–350 GPa decreased, while the rhombohedral angle values of the compounds except α-B12 increased. In the results obtained from the electronic characterization at ambient pressure, it was seen that the B13C2 and B13N2 compounds showed metallic properties, while the other compounds showed semiconductor properties. The variation of the indirect and direct band gaps of the compounds with pressure was investigated. While the electronic band gap of B12O2 increases with increasing pressure, the electronic band gap of other compounds with semiconductor properties tends to decrease with pressure. All computation results were compared with available other theoretical and experimental results in the literature.
The evolution of the out-of-phase dipole beams in the repulsive defect photonic moiré lattice with saturable self-focusing nonlinearity media
Authors: Lu Weiguang , Qin Yali , Zhou Shu , Ren Hongliang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate in a numerical manner the intriguing transmission of the out-of-phase (OOP) dipole beams in the repulsive defect photonic moiré lattice with rotation angle

θ
=
arctan

(

3
/
4

)

and defect depth

ε
=
−
0.5

under saturable self-focusing nonlinearity. Photonic moiré lattices, that are created by two mutually rotated square patterns with a relative rotation angle

θ

. We introduce a single-site repulsive defect in periodic photonic moiré lattices, and excite this site with the OOP dipole beams. We reveal that the OOP dipole beams undergoes two evolution stages during propagation, for the first time to our knowledge. It is shown that the OOP dipole beams maintain stable propagation over a certain distance in the first stage, which depends on the defect depth. Then the energy of the OOP dipole beams flows between its two spots, exhibiting periodic-like oscillation in the second stage, along with discussion about the effect of defect depth on the stable propagation distance of the OOP dipole beams, one finds that the stable propagation distance decreases linearly with increasing defect depth

ε

. At the same time, we perform a polynomial fit between the oscillation period of the OOP dipole beams and the defect depth

ε

. These two fitting curves fully demonstrate that the repulsive defect can profoundly affect the propagation behavior of the OOP dipole beams. Our results may provide novel insights into the localization and oscillation of beams in defect structures.
Microneurography as a minimally invasive method to assess target engagement during neuromodulation
Authors: Verma Nishant , Knudsen Bruce , Gholston Aaron , Skubal Aaron , Blanz Stephan , Settell Megan , Frank Jennifer , Trevathan James , Ludwig Kip 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective. Peripheral neural signals recorded during neuromodulation therapies provide insights into local neural target engagement and serve as a sensitive biomarker of physiological effect. Although these applications make peripheral recordings important for furthering neuromodulation therapies, the invasive nature of conventional nerve cuffs and longitudinal intrafascicular electrodes (LIFEs) limit their clinical utility. Furthermore, cuff electrodes typically record clear asynchronous neural activity in small animal models but not in large animal models. Microneurography, a minimally invasive technique, is already used routinely in humans to record asynchronous neural activity in the periphery. However, the relative performance of microneurography microelectrodes compared to cuff and LIFE electrodes in measuring neural signals relevant to neuromodulation therapies is not well understood. Approach. To address this gap, we recorded cervical vagus nerve electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) and spontaneous activity in a human-scaled large animal model—the pig. Additionally, we recorded sensory evoked activity and both invasively and non-invasively evoked CAPs from the great auricular nerve. In aggregate, this study assesses the potential of microneurography electrodes to measure neural activity during neuromodulation therapies with statistically powered and pre-registered outcomes (https://osf.io/y9k6j). Main results. The cuff recorded the largest ECAP signal (p < 0.01) and had the lowest noise floor amongst the evaluated electrodes. Despite the lower signal to noise ratio, microneurography electrodes were able to detect the threshold for neural activation with similar sensitivity to cuff and LIFE electrodes once a dose-response curve was constructed. Furthermore, the microneurography electrodes recorded distinct sensory evoked neural activity. Significance. The results show that microneurography electrodes can measure neural signals relevant to neuromodulation therapies. Microneurography could further neuromodulation therapies by providing a real-time biomarker to guide electrode placement and stimulation parameter selection to optimize local neural fiber engagement and study mechanisms of action.
Reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of PTFE coated with TPB at visible, UV, and VUV as a function of thickness
Authors: Haefner J. , Fahs A. , Ho J. , Stanford C. , Guenette R. , Adams C. , Almazán H. , Álvarez V. , Aparicio B. , Aranburu A.I. , Arazi L. , Arnquist I.J. , Auria-Luna F. , Ayet S. , Azevedo C.D.R. , Bailey K. , Ballester F. , Benlloch-Rodríguez J.M. , Borges F.I.G.M. , Bounasser S. , Byrnes N. , Cárcel S. , Carrión J.V. , Cebrián S. , Church E. , Conde C.A.N. , Contreras T. , Cossío F.P. , Denisenko A.A. , Dey E. , Díaz G. , Dickel T. , Escada J. , Esteve R. , Felkai R. , Fernandes L.M.P. , Ferrario P. , Ferreira A.L. , Foss F.W. , Freitas E.D.C. , Freixa Z. , Generowicz J. , Goldschmidt A. , Gómez-Cadenas J.J. , González R. , Grocott J. , Hafidi K. , Hauptman J. , Henriques C.A.O. , Hernando Morata J.A. , Herrero-Gómez P. , Herrero V. , Ho P. , Ifergan Y. , Jones B.J.P. , Kekic M. , Labarga L. , Larizgoitia L. , Lebrun P. , Lopez Gutierrez D. , López-March N. , Madigan R. , Mano R.D.P. , Martín-Albo J. , Martínez-Lema G. , Martínez-Vara M. , Marques A.P. , Meziani Z.E. , Miller R. , Mistry K. , Molina-Canteras J. , Monrabal F. , Monteiro C.M.B. , Mora F.J. , Muñoz Vidal J. , Navarro K. , Novella P. , Nuñez A. , Nygren D.R. , Oblak E. , Odriozola-Gimeno M. , Palmeiro B. , Para A. , Querol M. , Redwine A.B. , Renner J. , Rivilla I. , Rodríguez J. , Rogero C. , Rogers L. , Romeo B. , Romo-Luque C. , Santos F.P. , dos Santos J.M.F. , Simón A. , Sorel M. , Teixeira J.M.R. , Toledo J.F. , Torrent J. , Usón A. , Veloso J.F.C.A. , Vuong T.T. , Waiton J. , White J.T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. In noble element systems, it is often coated with tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB) to allow detection of vacuum ultraviolet scintillation light. In this work this dependence is investigated for PTFE coated with TPB in air for light of wavelengths of 200 nm, 260 nm, and 450 nm. The results show that TPB-coated PTFE has a reflectance of approximately 92% for thicknesses ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm at 450 nm, with negligible variation as a function of thickness within this range. A cross-check of these results using an argon chamber supports the conclusion that the change in thickness from 5 mm to 10 mm does not affect significantly the light response at 128 nm. Our results indicate that pieces of TPB-coated PTFE thinner than the typical 10 mm can be used in particle physics detectors without compromising the light signal.
Vectorized PoCA algorithm for faster image reconstruction for Muon Tomography
Authors: Sehgal Raman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Muon Tomography is a promising technique for detecting the presence of high atomic number (Z) material, using naturally available cosmic muons. The reconstruction algorithms used in Muon Tomography need to process a considerably high number of muon tracks to reconstruct the image of the object under test. This makes the image reconstruction process computation-intensive and time-consuming.
The algorithms to process the muon tracks are event-based algorithms, where all the events are independent and can be processed in any order. The traditional form of parallelism tries to distribute a small segment of work to multiple computing cores, but does not utilize the data level parallelism. The event-based algorithm can be processed on vector architecture and can provide a path to better utilize the data level parallelism. This approach provides another level of parallelism on standard computers without the need for specialized hardware. In this paper, we have tried to exploit the vector architecture provided by the current generation of CPUs to implement the vectorized version of Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) reconstruction algorithm for Muon Tomography. Results are presented using different vector instruction sets, for single-precision and double-precision calculations.
Diatom-inspired stiffness optimization for plates and cellular solids
Authors: Breish Firas , Hamm Christian , Kienzler Reinhold 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diatoms, a class of aquatic autotrophic microorganisms, are characterized by silicified exoskeletons with highly complex architectures. These morphologies have been shaped by the selection pressure that the organisms have been subjected to during their evolutionary history. Two properties which are highly likely to have contributed to the evolutionary success of current diatom species are lightweightness and structural strength. Thousands of diatom species are present in water bodies today, and although each has its unique shell architecture, a strategy that is common across species is the uneven and gradient solid material distribution across their shells. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate two novel structural optimization workflows inspired by material grading strategies in diatoms. The first workflow mimics the Auliscus intermidus diatoms’ surface thickening strategy and generates continuous sheet structures with optimal boundaries and local sheet thickness distributions when applied to plate models subjected to in-plane boundary conditions. The second workflow mimics the Triceratium sp. diatoms’ cellular solid grading strategy, and produces 3D cellular solids with optimal boundaries and local parameter distributions. Both methods are evaluated through sample load cases, and prove to be highly efficient in transforming optimization solutions with non-binary relative density distributions into highly performing 3D models.
Estimation of Traction Energy Consumption of Urban Service Buses in an Intermediate Andean City
Authors: Castillo-Calderón Jairo , Carrión Jaura Rubén , Sinche Diego Díaz , Panchana Bryan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to estimate the traction energy consumption of public transport buses in the urban sector of the city of Loja, Ecuador. Initially, with a data logger device, connected to the OBDII port, the speed and position variables of the transport units are acquired in real time, at a frequency of 1 Hz, during 25 round trips on 3 bus lines with the highest passenger flow; the effects of the slope profile are considered. To avoid information bias, 25 different HINO AK bus units, with different drivers, are monitored on full daily working days, where traffic is variable; different mass of the bus is defined in the three lines, based on historical data of the average number of passengers. Then, based on the fundamental theory of vehicle dynamics, the traction energy consumption of the buses is obtained in Matlab Simulink. For this purpose, a typical driving cycle (TDC) is de-fined, through a deterministic method, for both the outbound and the return trip of each line. The results highlight a higher traction energy consumption on line L8, with 50.36 kWh, where 52.43% is associated with slope resistance, 35.76% inertia resistance, 10.06% rolling resistance and 1.75% aerodynamic resistance. These findings represent a starting point for subsequent studies, in this Andean city, related to electromobility in mass transportation systems.
Energy Harvesting System with Solar Panels to Supply Low Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Cumbajín Myriam , Sánchez Patricio , Núñez Maritza , Gordón Carlos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Solar panels allow acquiring energy from the environment which can be stored for Energy Harvesting purposes. The objective of this work is to design, simulate and characterize different configurations in the harvesting stage, constituted by solar panels for energy harvesting systems of low consumption, identifying the most adequate arrangement to achieve the highest amount of energy together with the conversion stage. The methodology used has been design, simulation in Matlab-Simulink software and characterization with mini solar panels. The developed system consists of 3 stages which are: energy harvesting, DC-DC converter, and storage, focusing on the Energy Harvesting stage. The results obtained in simulation of 4.8V and 160 mA, and measurement of 4.60V and 134.5mA show that the mixed configuration is the one that presents better results in both voltage and current, concluding that the simulated and measured values are very close obtaining an error of 0.05% and 0.16% in voltage and current respectively and an output voltage of the converter of up to 26V. Finally, these results are very promising for Energy Harvesting applications.
Medium Range Ordering in liquid Al-based alloys: towards a machine learning approach of solidification
Authors: Jarry P , Jakse N 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations of liquid Al93Cr7 and Al83Zn10Cr7 alloy have evidenced the presence of an icosahedral short range order (iSRO) which develops into icosahedral medium range order (iMRO) as the melt is undercooled. This atomic arrangement accounts for the presence of Dynamic Heterogeneities characterized by Al fast-dynamics regions and Cr-rich slow-dynamics regions. Characterisation of the medium range order was carried out by a direct connectivity approach. However, given the small size of the simulation (256 atoms), such characterisation remains partial. In order to better describe both iMRO formation and more dilute alloys closer to industrial compositions, a new modelling strategy has been initiated to allow in the long term for large-scale atomic-level simulations. Molecular Dynamics (MD) of million to billion atoms may indeed lead to meaningful results. Exploitation of such large amounts of MD-generated big data can be carried out by means of Machine Learning (ML) tools which provide relevant and powerful analysis methods. An unsupervised ML approach based on topological descriptors using persistent homology concepts is proposed to reveal the structural features of atomic arrangements without a priori knowledge on the studied system. This approach has been applied so far to pure Al melts. Both translational and orientational orderings are thus evidenced together with nucleation pathways, whose revealed features are beyond the hypotheses of the Classical Nucleation Theory.
Microstructural transition and grain selection across the wire/powder interface in hybrid additive manufacturing
Authors: Ushakov I , Aaddi A , Wursthorn J , Daloz D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hybrid additive manufacturing is a promising process to produce Nickel-based alloy complex parts and builds, respecting high deposition rates during wire deposition and geometrical precision by powder deposition in laser DED process. This combination of processes should allow producing large parts with geometrically complex structures, not achievable by other technologies. Nevertheless, hybrid transitions of this type are not well described in the literature, in terms of microstructure establishment and grain selection across the interface, geometrical form of interface, and their potential influence on mechanical properties. Microstructure development across the interface wire/powder will be presented in this work with interface characterization by optical microscopy and EBSD. Grains selection across several powder layers in the hybrid wall, microstructure analysis will be presented for both wire and powder depositions.