bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermochemical modification of beech wood with ammonium hydroxide
Authors: Doczekalska Beata , Stachowiak-Wencek Agata , Roszyk Edward , Sydor Maciej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFour variants of the thermochemical modification were conducted on beech wood at a temperature of 130 °C, employing NH4OH concentrations of 5% or 10% for durations of either 12 or 24 h. The weight% gain (WPG) and bulking coefficient (BC) were initially calculated. Subsequently, the wood’s degree of discoloration was assessed using the CIELAB-colour-system. Chemical structure alterations were determined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the compressive strength of the wood parallel to the grain was measured. As the NH4OH concentration increased and the treatment duration extended, the samples displayed simultaneous weight increase and volume reduction. The ΔE* values of the samples ranged from 19.33 to 21.09 units, indicating significant color alteration. FTIR analysis revealed differences between the spectra of the unmodified control sample and the NH4OH-treated samples. The modification reduced in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups within the main and side chains of hemicelluloses. Additionally, a decrease in the absorption peak intensity of the unconjugated carbonyl group at 1740 cm− 1 indicated a relative reduction in hemicellulose content. Compressive strength tests showed that the thermochemical modification improved the modulus of elasticity, increasing it from 10,898 MPa (in the control sample) to a range of 11,663 − 13,390 MPa. Similarly, the compressive strength increased from 77.10 MPa to 81.56-107.19 MPa. Interestingly, this improvement was more pronounced with higher concentrations of NH4OH and prolonged modification durations.
Global Bifurcation and Highest Waves on Water of Finite Depth
Authors: Kozlov Vladimir , Lokharu Evgeniy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider the two-dimensional problem for steady water waves with vorticity on water of finite depth. While neglecting the effects of surface tension we construct connected families of large amplitude periodic waves approaching a limiting wave, which is either a solitary wave, the highest solitary wave, the highest Stokes wave or a Stokes wave with a breaking profile. In particular, when the vorticity is nonnegative we prove the existence of highest Stokes waves with an included angle of 120$$^\circ $$∘. In contrast to previous studies, we fix the Bernoulli constant and consider the wavelength as a bifurcation parameter, which guarantees that the limiting wave has a finite depth. In fact, this is the first rigorous proof of the existence of extreme Stokes waves with vorticity on water of finite depth. Aside from the existence of highest waves, we provide a new result about the regularity of Stokes waves of arbitrary amplitude (including extreme waves). Furthermore, we prove several new facts about steady waves, such as a lower bound for the wavelength of Stokes waves, while also eliminating a possibility of the wave breaking for waves with non-negative vorticity.
Improved ParaDiag via low-rank updates and interpolation
Authors: Kressner Daniel , Massei Stefano , Zhu Junli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work is concerned with linear matrix equations that arise from the space-time discretization of time-dependent linear partial differential equations (PDEs). Such matrix equations have been considered, for example, in the context of parallel-in-time integration leading to a class of algorithms called ParaDiag. We develop and analyze two novel approaches for the numerical solution of such equations. Our first approach is based on the observation that the modification of these equations performed by ParaDiag in order to solve them in parallel has low rank. Building upon previous work on low-rank updates of matrix equations, this allows us to make use of tensorized Krylov subspace methods to account for the modification. Our second approach is based on interpolating the solution of the matrix equation from the solutions of several modifications. Both approaches avoid the use of iterative refinement needed by ParaDiag and related space-time approaches in order to attain good accuracy. In turn, our new algorithms have the potential to outperform, sometimes significantly, existing methods. This potential is demonstrated for several different types of PDEs.
Small Vertex Cover Helps in Fixed-Parameter Tractability of Graph Deletion Problems over Data Streams
Authors: Bishnu Arijit , Ghosh Arijit , Kolay Sudeshna , Mishra Gopinath , Saurabh Saket 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the study of parameterized streaming complexity on graph problems, the main goal is to design streaming algorithms for parameterized problems such that $$\mathcal {O}(f(k) \log ^{\mathcal {O}(1)} n)$$

O
(
f

(
k
)

log

O
(
1
)

n
)

space is enough, where f is an arbitrary computable function depending only on the parameter k. However, in the past few years very few positive results have been established. Most of the graph problems that do have streaming algorithms of the above nature are ones where localized checking is required, like Vertex Cover or Maximum Matching parameterized by the size k of the solution we are seeking. Chitnis et al. (SODA’16) have shown that many important parameterized problems that form the backbone of traditional parameterized complexity are known to require $$\Omega (n)$$

Ω
(
n
)

bits of storage for any streaming algorithm; e.g. Feedback Vertex Set, Even Cycle Transversal, Odd Cycle Transversal, Triangle Deletion or the more general $$\mathcal{F}$$
F
-Subgraph Deletion when parameterized by solution size k. Our contribution lies in overcoming the obstacles to efficient parameterized streaming algorithms in graph deletion problems by utilizing the power of parameterization. We focus on the vertex cover size K as the parameter for the parameterized graph deletion problems we consider. In this work, we consider the four most well-studied streaming models: the Ea, Dea, Va (vertex arrival) and Al (adjacency list) models. Surprisingly, the consideration of vertex cover size K in the different models leads to a classification of positive and negative results for problems like $$\mathcal{F}$$
F
-Subgraph Deletion and $$\mathcal{F}$$
F
-Minor Deletion.
Detection of Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes in orthopaedic surgery: serious problem or contamination?
Authors: Otto-Lambertz Christina , Yagdiran Ayla , Boschert Alessa Lalinka , Eysel Peer , Walker Sarah Victoria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Bone and joint infections are an important and increasing problem. Whether intraoperatively detected bacteria should be considered relevant or not is often difficult to assess.
This retrospective cohort study analyzes the relevance of C. acnes cultured from deep intraoperative specimens.

Methods
All deep tissue samples collected intraoperatively between 2015 and 2020 from a quartiary care provider were evaluated for detection of C. acnes and its therapeutical consequences. Infection rates were determined according to a standardized definition and protocol and analyzed in dependence of patient’s demographic data (age and gender), operative parameters (type of surgery, body region/location of surgery, and impression of the surgeon), and initiated therapy.

Results
In 270 cases of more than 8500 samples, C. acnes was detected. In 30%, the detection was considered an infection. The number of samples taken and tested positive for C. acnes correlated significantly with its classification as a cause of infection. If more than one sample of the patient was positive, the detection was significantly more likely to be treated as infection (p < 0.001).
In 76% of cases, a consultation to the infectious diseases (ID) department took place regarding the classification of the pathogen detection and the therapy to be carried out.
Almost all of the tested isolates demonstrated the wild-type susceptibility for penicillin and clindamycin.

Conclusion
Intraoperative detection of skin-colonizing bacteria such as C. acnes is not always synonymous with infection. In particular, if other examination results contradict an infection (pathological sample without evidence of an infectious event, detection of malignant cells, etc.), the situation must be considered in a very differentiated manner. Interdisciplinary boards, for example, are suitable for this purpose. Care should be taken to obtain a sufficiently large number of tissue samples for microbiological examination to be able to better classify the result.
Preliminary exploration of deep learning-assisted recognition of superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions in shoulder MR arthrography
Authors: Ni Ming , Gao Lixiang , Chen Wen , Zhao Qiang , Zhao Yuqing , Jiang Chenyu , Yuan Huishu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
MR arthrography (MRA) is the most accurate method for preoperatively diagnosing superior labrum anterior–posterior (SLAP) lesions, but diagnostic results can vary considerably due to factors such as experience. In this study, deep learning was used to facilitate the preliminary identification of SLAP lesions and compared with radiologists of different seniority.

Methods
MRA data from 636 patients were retrospectively collected, and all patients were classified as having/not having SLAP lesions according to shoulder arthroscopy. The SLAP-Net model was built and tested on 514 patients (dataset 1) and independently tested on data from two other MRI devices (122 patients, dataset 2). Manual diagnosis was performed by three radiologists with different seniority levels and compared with SLAP-Net outputs. Model performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve (AUC), etc. McNemar’s test was used to compare performance among models and between radiologists’ models. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the radiologists’ reliability. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
SLAP-Net had AUC = 0.98 and accuracy = 0.96 for classification in dataset 1 and AUC = 0.92 and accuracy = 0.85 in dataset 2. In dataset 1, SLAP-Net had diagnostic performance similar to that of senior radiologists (p = 0.055) but higher than that of early- and mid-career radiologists (p = 0.025 and 0.011). In dataset 2, SLAP-Net had similar diagnostic performance to radiologists of all three seniority levels (p = 0.468, 0.289, and 0.495, respectively).

Conclusions
Deep learning can be used to identify SLAP lesions upon initial MR arthrography examination. SLAP-Net performs comparably to senior radiologists.
Intracorporeal Vessel Ligation in Laparoscopic Right Colectomy for Cancer is Associated with Increased Lymph Node Yield
Authors: Garoufalia Zoe , Emile Sameh Hany , Gefen Rachel , Watson Kaylee , Emolo Jared , Horesh Nir , DaSilva Giovanna , Weiss Eric G. , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare intra‐ and extracorporeal division of the vascular pedicle in laparoscopic right colectomy regarding pathological outcomes, short‐term morbidity, and local recurrence and distant metastases.MethodsRetrospective analysis of an IRB‐approved database of all patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomy for cancer between 01/2011 and 08/2021. Main outcome measures were number of harvested lymph nodes, length of resected colon, R1 rate, positive lymph node ratio, short‐term post‐operative morbidity, local recurrence, and distant metastases.ResultsTwo‐hundred seventy‐one consecutive patients (136 males) patients underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for cancer during the study period. Vessel ligation was intracorporeal in 171 (63%) and extracorporeal in 100 patients (37%); groups had similar baseline characteristics except for extent of resection as extended right hemicolectomy was significantly more often performed in the intracorporeal group. When the two groups were matched for the extent of resection (standard versus extended right hemicolectomy), the mean number of harvested lymph nodes (28.61 ± 12.04 versus 25.37 ± 10.06, p = 0.04) and median length of the resected colon [26.00 (IQR: 21.00, 32.00) versus 23.00 (IQR: 19.00, 27.00) cm, p = 0.003] were significantly higher in the intracorporeal than in the extracorporeal group. The intracorporeal group required a significantly longer operative time than did the extracorporeal group (168.94 ± 57.9 vs. 139.7 ± 41.3 mins, p = 0.001). No significant differences were noted between the groups in terms of ileus, hemorrhage, surgical site infection, re‐operation rates, recurrence, or distant metastases.ConclusionIntracorporeal vessel ligation in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was associated with increased lymph node yield and longer specimens, although requiring longer operative times. Postoperative clinical outcomes were similar to outcomes in the extracorporeal ligation group.
Frequency of actionable secondary findings in 7472 Korean genomes derived from the National Project of Bio Big Data pilot study
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Kim Jeong-Min , Cho Hye-Won , Park Hyun-Young , Park Mi-Hyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExome and genome sequencing (ES/GS) in genetic medicine and research leads to discovering genomic secondary findings (SFs) unrelated to the purpose of the primary test. There is a lack of agreement to return the SF results for individuals undergoing the test. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of actionable secondary findings using GS data obtained from the rare disease study and the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) in the National Project of Bio Big Data pilot study. Pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants of 78 SF genes recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) were screened in the rare disease study and KoGES. The pathogenicity of SF gene variants was determined according to the ACMG interpretation. The overall SF rate was 3.75% for 280 individuals with 298 P/LP variants of 41 ACMG SF genes which were identified among 7472 study participants. The frequencies of genes associated with cardiovascular, cancer, and miscellaneous phenotypes were 2.17%, 1.22%, and 0.58%, respectively. The most frequent SF gene was TTN followed by BRCA2. The frequency of actionable SFs among participants with rare disease and general population participants in the Korean population presented here will assist in reporting results of medically actionable SFs in genomic medicine.
Performance and learning rate prediction models development in FLS and RAS surgical tasks using electroencephalogram and eye gaze data and machine learning
Authors: Shafiei Somayeh B. , Shadpour Saeed , Intes Xavier , Rahul Rahul , Toussi Mehdi Seilanian , Shafqat Ambreen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study explored the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye gaze features, experience-related features, and machine learning to evaluate performance and learning rates in fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) and robotic-assisted surgery (RAS).

Methods
EEG and eye-tracking data were collected from 25 participants performing three FLS and 22 participants performing two RAS tasks. Generalized linear mixed models, using L1-penalized estimation, were developed to objectify performance evaluation using EEG and eye gaze features, and linear models were developed to objectify learning rate evaluation using these features and performance scores at the first attempt. Experience metrics were added to evaluate their role in learning robotic surgery. The differences in performance across experience levels were tested using analysis of variance.

Results
EEG and eye gaze features and experience-related features were important for evaluating performance in FLS and RAS tasks with reasonable results. Residents outperformed faculty in FLS peg transfer (p value = 0.04), while faculty and residents both excelled over pre-medical students in the FLS pattern cut (p value = 0.01 and p value < 0.001, respectively). Fellows outperformed pre-medical students in FLS suturing (p value = 0.01). In RAS tasks, both faculty and fellows surpassed pre-medical students (p values for the RAS pattern cut were 0.001 for faculty and 0.003 for fellows, while for RAS tissue dissection, the p value was less than 0.001 for both groups), with residents also showing superior skills in tissue dissection (p value  = 0.03).

Conclusion
Findings could be used to develop training interventions for improving surgical skills and have implications for understanding motor learning and designing interventions to enhance learning outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Diagnose und Therapie der Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis und mikroskopische Polyangiitis – 2023: Konsens-Empfehlungen der Österreichischen Gesellschaften für Nephrologie (ÖGN) & Rheumatologie (ÖGR)
Authors: Odler Balazs , Windpessl Martin , Eller Kathrin , Säemann Marcus D. , Lhotta Karl , Neumann Irmgard , Öberseder Gregor , Duftner Christina , Dejaco Christian , Rudnicki Michael , Gauckler Philipp , Hintenberger Rainer , Zwerina Jochen , Thiel Jens , Kronbichler Andreas 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungANCA-assoziierte Vaskulitiden (AAV) sind seltene, komplexe systemische Erkrankungen, die aufgrund unspezifischer klinischer Symptome zum Zeitpunkt der Konsultation oft schwer zu diagnostizieren sind. Der klinische Verlauf kann jedoch sehr schwerwiegend und sogar lebensbedrohlich sein und eine sofortige Diagnose und Behandlung erfordern.Daher ist es wichtig, die Ärzteschaft für diese Erkrankung zu sensibilisieren und Kolleg*innen zu unterstützen, die nicht regelmäßig mit diesen seltenen Krankheiten konfrontiert sind. Die Österreichische Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (ÖGN) und die Österreichische Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (ÖGR) stellen hier einen gemeinsamen Konsens darüber vor, wie Patient*innen mit Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und mikroskopischer Polyangiitis (MPA) am besten diagnostiziert und behandelt werden können.
Volkskrankheit Kopfschmerz – ein Überblick
Authors: Schaller Isabella , Leis Stefan 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen sind ein weitverbreitetes Symptom, wichtig ist die Unterscheidung in primäre und sekundäre Kopfschmerzen. Primäre Kopfschmerzen können bei typischer Anamnese und unauffälligem klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchungsbefund nach den Kriterien der internationalen Kopfschmerzklassifikation (ICHD-3) in der Regel ohne weitere Zusatzuntersuchung diagnostiziert werden. Am häufigsten sind Migräne und Spannungskopfschmerzen; trigeminoautonome Kopfschmerzerkrankungen sind seltener. Die Behandlung sollte eine Akuttherapie, nicht medikamentöse Maßnahmen und ggf. auch eine Prophylaxe beinhalten. Ergeben sich aus Anamnese und klinischer Untersuchung Warnzeichen für einen sekundären (symptomatischen) Kopfschmerz, muss zur differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung eine gezielte apparative Diagnostik erfolgen, da auch schwerwiegende Erkrankungen zugrunde liegen können. Medikamentenübergebrauchskopfschmerz ist der häufigste sekundäre Kopfschmerz. Hier muss neben einer Reduktion der Kopfschmerzmittel eine Beratung der Patientin/des Patienten erfolgen und eine prophylaktische Behandlung des zugrunde liegenden primären Kopfschmerzes eingeleitet werden.
Impact of oral/dental disease burden on postoperative infective complications: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Suenaga Hanako , Schifter Mark , Chen Nancy , Ali Farheen , Byth Karen , Peck Chris 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between dental disease burden and postoperative infective complications (POICs) in patients undergoing major surgical procedures under general anaesthesia.

Methods
Pre-surgical dental assessment was undertaken on patients planned for major surgery. Demographic and surgical variables including putative risk factors for POICs and POIC status were documented. The univariable association between POIC status and each factor was examined. Those variables associated at P value ≤ 0.2 were candidates for inclusion in multiple logistic regression models. Backward stepwise variable selection was used to identify the independent predictors for POIC in the best fitting logistic regression model. The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was used to quantify the model’s global classification performance.

Results
Among the 285 patients, 49 patients (17.2%) had POICs. The independent predictors for POIC were expected length of hospital stay (4–6 days; odds ratio [OR] = 4.80, 95% confidence internal [CI]: 1.30–17.70, P = 0.018, 7–9 days; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 1.51–19.41, P = 0.009, ≥ 10 days; OR = 28.80, 95% CI: 4.12–201.18, P < 0.001), four or more decayed teeth (OR = 6.03, 95% CI: 2.28–15.94, P < 0.001) and visible tongue plaque (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.54–6.70, P = 0.002). The AUC was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.85) indicating good discrimination. A simple screening tool for POIC was developed.

Conclusions/Clinical relevance
In addition to systemic/surgical factors, this study identified clinically detected decayed teeth and visible tongue plaque as independent predictors for POICs. Preoperative dental assessment/care might be beneficial to assess risk for POICs and improve postoperative outcomes.
The Inclusion of Nature of Science in South African Life Sciences and Physical Sciences School Curricula
Authors: Ramnarain Umesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurriculum reform worldwide has often reflected changing perspectives on the teaching and learning of science. Such perspectives underline the notion that not only the teaching of science content knowledge is relevant but also the aims and methods scientists use to further their knowledge and the social context in which science is applied. We call this the ‘cognitive-epistemic’ and ‘social institutional aspects’ of science. They form the hard core of the nature of science (NOS) concept for curriculum reform. In South Africa, after years of Apartheid, a key focus of school science curriculum reform is for importance to be given to NOS due to the potential benefits of learning and understanding of NOS for students. This study analyses cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional categories of NOS in the South African Life Sciences and Physical Sciences school curricula. A critical finding for both Life Sciences and Physical Sciences curricula was the imbalance in the NOS categories. In the curricula, there is less presence of the social-institutional categories compared to the cognitive-epistemic categories. In general, there was poor interconnectedness amongst NOS categories, with the strongest interconnectedness revealed for the cognitive-epistemic categories ‘scientific practices’ and ‘methods and methodological rules’. Implications for the design of future curricula and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Critical/decolonial global citizenship education and libraries from the global south
Authors: Aguilar-Forero Nicolás , Salazar Fernando 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article presents the results of a comparative case study which seeks to understand the characteristics of two library experiences from the Global South. The study sought to (1) analyze the opportunities for and challenges of promoting critical/decolonial Global Citizenship Education from two library experiences in Colombia; (2) identify how these experiences, from diverse situations, show we can employ local solutions to resolve the great problems we face as a global community today. The article concludes that the promotion of library experiences from the Global South and the promotion of critical/decolonial Global Citizenship Education from these types of libraries require imagining and making possible a library without books, without the physical spaces usually associated with libraries, without “users”, and without conventional librarians.