bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant disease detection using drones in precision agriculture
Authors: Chin Ruben , Catal Cagatay , Kassahun Ayalew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlant diseases affect the quality and quantity of agricultural products and have an impact on food safety. These effects result in a loss of income in the production sectors which are particularly critical for developing countries. Visual inspection by subject matter experts is time-consuming, expensive and not scalable for large farms. As such, the automation of plant disease detection is a feasible solution to prevent losses in yield. Nowadays, one of the most popular approaches for this automation is to use drones. Though there are several articles published on the use of drones for plant disease detection, a systematic overview of these studies is lacking. To address this problem, a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of drones for plant disease detection was undertaken and 38 primary studies were selected to answer research questions related to disease types, drone categories, stakeholders, machine learning tasks, data, techniques to support decision-making, agricultural product types and challenges. It was shown that the most common disease is blight; fungus is the most important pathogen and grape and watermelon are the most studied crops. The most used drone type is the quadcopter and the most applied machine learning task is classification. Color-infrared (CIR) images are the most preferred data used and field images are the main focus. The machine learning algorithm applied most is convolutional neural network (CNN). In addition, the challenges to pave the way for further research were provided.
Predicting the Trajectories of Parents’ Relationship Well-Being During COVID-19 Lockdowns and Beyond: a Vulnerability, Stress and Adaptation Model Perspective
Authors: Karantzas Gery C. , Toumbourou John W. , Knox Laura , Greenwood Christopher C. , Westrupp Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Strict lockdowns have been employed by many of the world’s nations as a public health response to COVID-19. However, concerns have been expressed as to how such public health responses disturb the human ecosystem. In this paper, we report on findings from a longitudinal study of Australian parents in which we investigated how state differences in government-mandated lockdowns affect the relationship well-being (i.e., relationship satisfaction and loneliness) of parents. We situated the study of the relational effects of strict lockdowns within the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model (VSAM, Karney & Bradbury, 1995) that considers the role of parents’ pre-existing vulnerabilities (i.e., psychological distress and attachment insecurity), life stressors (pre-pandemic and COVID-19 stressors), and adaptive relationship processes (constructive communication and perceived partner support). A total of 1942 parents completed 14 waves of assessments of relationship satisfaction and loneliness over a 13.5-month period as well as baseline assessments of personal vulnerabilities, life stressors, and adaptive relationship processes. Parents with high relationship adaptations and low vulnerabilities evidenced the highest relationship well-being (i.e., high satisfaction and low loneliness) during changes in lockdown restrictions, while parents with moderate relationship adaptations and vulnerabilities experienced the poorest well-being. Differences in state lockdown restrictions (i.e., Victoria [long and strict lockdown policy] vs all other states) were associated with differences in relationship well-being for parents with high relationship adaptations. Specifically, Victorian parents experienced significant declines in relationship well-being compared to non-Victorian parents. Our findings provide novel insights into how government-mandated social restrictions can disrupt the relational ecology of parents.
Saras Sarasvathy: recipient of the 2022 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Andersson Martin , Henrekson Magnus , Jack Sarah , Stenkula Mikael , Thorburn Karin , Zander Ivo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Professor Saras Sarasvathy is the recipient of the 2022 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Her research contributions have fundamentally changed and invigorated the conversation in the domain of entrepreneurship research. Sarasvathy’s work on effectuation emphasizes how entrepreneurs operate based on available resources, think in terms of affordable loss rather than profit maximization, leverage trustworthy partnerships, and treat unforeseen contingencies as opportunities rather than problems. It has led and inspired a new generation of researchers in the quest for a better understanding of how entrepreneurs make their decisions and the unfolding of the entrepreneurial process.
Axiomatic characterizations of the constrained probabilistic serial mechanism
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oğuz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfacan (Games and Economic Behavior 110: 71-89, 2018) introduces an object allocation with random priorities problem. He proposes the constrained probabilistic serial (CPS) mechanism. This study, for the first time in the literature, provides axiomatic characterizations of CPS. The first result characterizes it via non-wastefulness, claimwise stability, constrained ordinal fairness, and surplus invariance to truncations. The other axiomatizes CPS via constrained stochastic efficiency, claimwise stability, and constrained ordinal fairness. The independence of the axioms is provided.
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modelling of the Impact Behavior of PVC Foams
Authors: Sasso M. , Sarasini F. , Mancini E. , Lattanzi A. , Tirillò J. , Sergi C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foams are widely used in crashworthiness and energy absorption applications due to their low density and the capability of crushing up to large deformations with limited loads. This property is due to their particular constitutive behavior: the stress-strain curve is characterized, after an initial yield or peak stress, by a relevant plateau region followed by a steep increase due to foam densification. Furthermore, the mechanical response of PVC foam is strongly strain rate dependent.

Objective
This work aims to characterize the mechanical behavior of PVC foams and to develop a complete constitutive model for impact and energy absorption applications.

Methods
Compressive tests are carried out at different speeds on PVC foam samples having different relative densities. Quasi-static and intermediate strain rate tests are performed by a pneumatic machine, while high strain rate tests are conducted by means of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The uniaxial stress-strain curves are used to calibrate the visco-elastic and visco-plastic constitutive model. In particular, the material behavior is divided into two parallel branches: the former describes the elasto-plastic behavior, while the latter accounts for the visco-elastic one; the plastic branch also includes a multiplicative term accounting for the strain rate sensitivity of the base material.

Results
The tests highlight a strong compressibility of the foam with negligible lateral expansion. The energy absorption efficiency, as well as the densification strain, is evaluated. The material model is also implemented in Finite Element (FE) simulations of puncture impact tests, validating the results of the calibration procedure.

Conclusions
The calibration of the visco-elasto-plastic material model offers a physically consistent identification of the constitutive response of the PVC foams, showing an effective characterization of the impact behavior of the material.
A novel life cycle assessment and life cycle costing framework for carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials in the aviation industry
Authors: Wu Minghui , Sadhukhan Jhuma , Murphy Richard , Bharadwaj Ujjwal , Cui Xiaofei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials offer superior mechanical properties and lower weight than conventional metal products. However, relatively, little is known about the environmental impacts and economic costs associated with composite products displacing conventional metal products. The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated life cycle assessment and life cycle costing framework for composite materials in the aviation industry.

Methods
An integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) framework has been developed. The displacement of a conventional aluminium door for an aircraft by a composite door is presented as an example of the use of this framework. A graphical visualisation tool is proposed to model the integrated environmental and economic performances of this displacement. LCA and LCC models for composite applications are developed accordingly. The environmental hotspots are identified, and the sensitivity of the environmental impact results to the different composite waste treatment routes is performed. Subsequently, the research suggests a learning curve to analyse the unit price for competitive mass production. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation have been applied to demonstrate the cost result changes caused by data uncertainty.

Results
Energy consumption was the hotspot, and the choice of composite waste treatment routes had a negligible effect on the LCA outcomes. Concerning the costs, the most significant cost contribution for the unit door production was labour. The future door production cost was decreased by about 29% based on the learning curve theory. The uncertainties associated with the variables could lead to variations in the production cost of up to about 16%. The comparison between the two doors shows that the composite door had higher potential environmental impacts and cost compared to the conventional aluminium door during the production stage. However, the composite door would have better environmental and financial performance if a weight reduction of 47% was achieved in future designs.

Conclusions
The proposed framework and relevant analysis models were applied through a case study in the aerospace industry, creating a site-specific database for the community to support material selection and product development. The graphical tool was proved to be useful in representing a graphical visualisation comparison based on the integration of the LCA and LCC results of potential modifications to the composite door against the reference door, providing understandable information to the decision-makers.
Reconstructing the social responsibilities of African universities towards citizenship education: perspectives from the ujamaa philosophy of Julius Nyerere
Authors: Kibona Bertha , Woldegiorgis Emnet Tadesse 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEven though the role of higher education in economic development and innovation has been widely discussed, its relevance in constructing democratic and civic values that pervade citizenship education is yet to be properly explored. The significance of higher education in Tanzania has also been discussed within the broad framework of the economic benefits of such education; yet, the social relevance of universities enhancing citizenship and community values has not been properly interrogated. This research approaches universities as social institutions that play significant roles in the social construction of civic values and citizenship. The paper draws its perspective from the ujamaa philosophy of Julius Nyerere. The Swahili wordujamaais an African philosophy that means ‘familyhood’ or ‘brotherhood’. It deeply entrenches social justice and equality via community, mutual respect, reciprocation and the responsibility of cooperating for the common good of all. This paper sets out to investigate the extent to which graduates of Tanzanian universities inculcate the values of ujamaa philosophy and citizenship education while rendering social services to communities. This enquiry carries fundamental questions, such as what social and civic values are and whether university graduates can acquire these through citizenship education that helps them to engage with their communities. How do the experiences of graduates relate to the African philosophy of ujamaa and Nyerere’s principles of community education? From the analysis of data (n = 30), this paper demonstrates that higher education institutions and graduates have great potential to embrace the values of African philosophy towards the notion of community services, social engagement, civic values and citizenship. The paper concludes that civic values and the sense of community that have been built among graduates show that citizenship education in Tanzanian universities within the framework of ujamaa philosophy can positively influence the exercising of social responsibility by the country’s higher education institutions.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems in South Africa and Australia: transforming doctoral education
Authors: Keane Moyra , Raciti Maria , van der Westhuizen Gert , Motala Shireen , Stanton Sue , Gilbey Kathryn , Manathunga Catherine , Qi Jing , Msimango Sindi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile there is a great deal of support for the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into higher education, there is still a significant amount of work to be done to move beyond tokenism. Intensive dialogue and robust conceptual outlooks are required. In this paper, this international team of South African and Australian scholars engage in a transcultural and transdisciplinary dialogue in order to chart how discourses and debates about IKS are understood in the different historical and cultural contexts of South Africa and Australia. They combine the theoretical approaches of de Sousa Santos (2014; 2018a and b) about epistemic justice with the theories of Odora Hoppers (2021), Visvanathan (2009), and First Nations Australian scholars Williams, Bunda, Claxton, and McKinnon (2018) about an Indigenous knowledges global decolonisation praxis framework. This dialogue is deliberately jarring and polyvocal because of our desire to go beyond tokenism. The South African team have chosen to apply Bacchi’s (2009) approach of problem formulation and policy as change proposal to discourses about IKS in South African policy documents. The Australian First Nations team have demonstrated how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledge systems work through the power of stories. Purposely adopting a polyvocal, multimodal approach, the Australian section includes ethnographic policy analysis and narratives that illustrate how IKS might operate in higher education.
Transition und Transfer bei seltenen chronischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Hartmann Gabriele , König Marianne , Hemberger Sophie-Helene , Seferagic Sanja , Herle Marion 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungEs liegen umfassende Empfehlungen zur Transition chronisch kranker Kinder in die Erwachsenenmedizin vor, vor allem bei Jugendlichen mit seltenen Erkrankungen sind jedoch weiterhin strukturelle Verbesserungen nötig. In diesem Artikel stellen wir rezente internationale Empfehlungen vor und schlagen auf deren Basis einen Versorgungspfad vor, welcher auch koordinierende Teammitglieder einschließt.
Mining metagenomes reveals diverse antibiotic biosynthetic genes in uncultured microbial communities
Authors: Amin Dina H. , Nageeb Wedad M. , Elkelish Amr , Makharita Rabab R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPathogens resistant to antimicrobials form a significant threat to public health worldwide. Tackling multidrug-resistant pathogens via screening metagenomic libraries has become a common approach for the discovery of new antibiotics from uncultured microorganisms. This study focuses on capturing nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) gene clusters implicated in the synthesis of many natural compounds of industrial relevance. A NRPS PCR assay was used to screen 2976 Escherichia coli clones in a soil metagenomic library to target NRPS genes. DNA extracts from 4 clones were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis to identify NRPS domains, their phylogeny, and substrate specificity.Successfully, 17 NRPS-positive hits with a biosynthetic potential were identified. DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis confirmed that NRPS protein sequences shared similarities with members of the genus Delftia in the Proteobacteria taxonomic position. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that clones no. 15cd35 and 15cd37 shared low bootstrap values (54%) and were distantly far from close phylogenetic neighbors. Additionally, NRPS domain substrate specificity has no hits with the known ones; hence, they are more likely to use different substrates to produce new diverse antimicrobials. Further analysis confirmed that the NRPS hits resemble several transposon elements from other bacterial taxa, confirming its diversity. We confirmed that the analyses of the soil metagenomic library revealed a diverse set of NRPS related to the genus Delftia. An in-depth understanding of those positive NRPS hits is a crucial step for genetic manipulation of NRPS, shedding light on alternative novel antimicrobial compounds that can be used in drug discovery and hence supports the pharmaceutical sector.
Understanding Lean—Statistical Analysis of Perceptions and Self-Deception Regarding Lean Management
Authors: Pearce Antony , Pons Dirk , Neitzert Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the benefits of a lean business system, many organisations struggle to implement and sustain lean initiatives. The purpose of this work was to explore in what way a leader’s deeper knowledge or different understandings of lean affects the lean implementation and its outcomes. The research methodology incorporated a survey of 757 participants. How respondents understood lean was assessed and later correlated to their extent of lean knowledge and specific understanding. This was supported by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. What caused participants to pursue lean knowledge was also assessed. Low lean knowledge and experience correlated with a system, tools and processes perspective of lean that was perceived to provide a low competitive advantage. Those of high lean knowledge had a much more holistic view of lean that encompassed both socio and technical aspects and also perceived greater competitive advantages from lean. Results showed 88% of people were (are) not at all familiar with lean, 9% of low knowledge and 3% of high knowledge. This paper promotes the importance of management knowledge in establishing a lean business system and exposes that many are actually self-deceived regarding their knowledge of lean. It identifies the need to develop lean education and recommends further research in this area. It also provides a conceptual framework for the implementation of lean with an emphasis on leadership learning. This paper contributes statistical evidence and a new perspective on the cause of lean success and failure.
Which competencies should be fostered in education for sustainable development at higher education institutions? Findings from the evaluation of the study programs at the University of Bern, Switzerland
Authors: Hammer Thomas , Lewis Anna Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA relatively broad consolidated consensus has emerged among experts regarding the competencies that should be fostered through an education for sustainable development at the higher education level. However, there is little empirical support to aid in answering the question of which competencies should be promoted from the perspective of students and graduates. This was the main purpose for analyzing the corresponding results of the evaluation of the study programs in sustainable development at the University of Bern. In a standardized survey, students (N = 124), graduates (N = 121), and the supervisors of internships (N = 37) were asked, among other questions, how important they consider the fostering of the respective 13 competencies during their studies and for their professional activities. Overall, the results confirm the view of experts: the study programs should be designed for a comprehensive empowerment with respect of responsible and self-motivated participation in meeting the challenges of sustainable development. Even the students are of the opinion that competency-oriented education is important and that not only the acquisition, respectively the imparting of knowledge is relevant. Regarding the estimation of the promotion of competencies in the study program, the three groups agree that the competencies “Interconnected, foresighted, and thinking approaches in system-dynamic contexts” and “Recognizing on one’s own perspective on a situation and problem, empathizing with other perspectives, and taking these into account when solving problems” are the most important. For the professional field, the competency “Communicating in a comprehensive and target group-oriented manner” is rated most important by all three groups. However, it must be noted that there are also differences between the varying perspectives of the students, graduates, and internship supervisors. The results indicate opportunities for improvement that can also be considered as recommendations in the further development of inter- and transdisciplinary sustainability-oriented study programs. Furthermore, lecturers should, especially regarding a multidisciplinary team, coordinate and communize the development of competencies across the different educational elements. Students should be well informed regarding how the various educational elements, i.e., teaching/learning arrangements and assessments, are intended to contribute to the overall development of competency. Finally, in order to ensure that lecturers align respective learning outcomes, as well as teaching/learning arrangements and assessments in their educational elements, there will need to be a greater focus on competency development across a program of study.
Nurses’ experiences of suicide attempts in palliative care
Authors: Hultsjö Sally , Persdotter Anna , Jakobsson Maria , Löfgren Frida , Annerhult Sofia , Wärdig Rikard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo describe nurses’ experiences of caring for individuals who have attempted suicide in specialized palliative care and to describe if the care of these individuals changed after the suicide attempt.MethodsA qualitative, descriptive study was conducted. Nine nurses working in specialized palliative care units were interviewed following a semi-structured interview guide. Conventional content analysis was used in the analysis process.ResultsThe results are presented in 3 categories: “A suicide attempt evokes strong emotions,” “Health-care efforts changed after the suicide attempt,” and “Experiences for the rest of working life.” Suicide attempts aroused emotions in nurses such as frustration, compassion, and feelings of being manipulated. The relationship between the nurse and the individual was strengthened after the suicide attempt, and their conversations became deeper and changed in nature. Health-care efforts relating to the individual increased after the suicide attempt.Significance of resultsThe results of the study can create an awareness that the palliative process also includes the risk of suicide and can be used to create conditions for nurses to be able to handle questions about suicide without fear. The results of the study can be used as an “eye opener” to the fact that suicidality occurs in palliative care. In summary, there is a critical need for nursing education in suicide risk assessment and continued follow-up care for patients at risk of suicide within palliative care.