bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodrugs for nitroreductase based HSP90 inhibitor BIIB021as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Wu Zhengrong , Jing Peng , Deng Wei , He Dian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A series of prodrugs for nitroreductase (NTR) on the basis of BIIB021 as potential anticancer agents have been synthesized and tested in vitro for their cytotoxic effects.
The results indicated that compounds 1c and 2c displayed promising antitumor activity, with IC50 values of 0.72 and 1.12 μM, respectively. Moreover, the two compounds were also accompanied by lower toxicity to normal WI-38 cells in comparison with positive agent BIIB021(IC50=495.51 and 570.27μM vs 261 μM). Cell cycle analysis revealed that both the compounds induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase with a concomitant decrease in the population of G0/G1 phase in HeLa cells, which were accompanied by apoptosis. Together, the initial studies suggest that compounds 1c and 2c have the potential to be developed as promising lead compound for further optimization in structure and as well as for in vivo validation studies.
Generating Stock Market Data and Making Predictions Using GAN and Neural Networks
Authors: Shukla Raunak , N Poornima 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Solving time series forecasting has always been a problematic task for computer scientists with always uncertainty among the stakeholders regarding the behaviour of the time series data. With the help of machine learning and artificial intelligence, computer scientists have provided a solution by developing deep learning models which can solve time series forecasting problems. Stock market prediction is an example of time series forecasting and deep learning models can predict the stock market and help the shareholders in making a better decision of either buying, selling, or holding the share. In recent years, researchers have found that deep learning models have been showing great results and are outperforming traditional machine learning models. Hence, in our study, we decided to use multi-layered neural networks. We will be using the recurrent neural network (RNN), the long-short term memory neural network (LSTM), and the gated recurrent units neural network (GRU) during the course of our study. In our study, we will use these neural networks to predict the closing price of a stock market share. Additionally, for the stock market data, we will also use a generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate fake data. We will then use this fake-generated data to make predictions using the above-mentioned neural networks. We will then evaluate these models on different evaluation metrics and critically analyse the predictions made by our neural networks.
Silencing the Chicken Seven Transmembrane (Ch-7TM) Receptor Leads to Apoptosis in Chicken Mononuclear Phagocytes
Authors: Yang Jia-Ling , Lee Long-Huw , Wu Hsing-Chieh , Lin Jin-Ru , Wang Chia-Chi , Chen Yu-San , Chang Chia-Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors are the largest superfamily of cell-surface receptors and are involved in various physiological processes of vertebrate species. In our previous study, a new chicken 7TM receptor (Ch-7TM) was discovered in mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) derived from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To explore the functions of Ch-7TM, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to silence the Ch-7TM messenger RNA (mRNA) of MNPs, using small interface RNA (siRNA) designed with BLOCK-iT™ RNAi Designer.
Results
Herein we demonstrated that silencing of the Ch-7TM mRNA induced apoptosis of MNPs, suggesting that Ch-7TM contributed to the survival of MNPs. Moreover, chicken sera could inhibit the Ch-7TM-silencing-induced apoptosis in MNPs. The survival factor presented in fraction 16 (F16) of chicken sera was highly protective against the Ch-7TM-silencing-induced apoptosis in MNPs. The proteins from fraction 16 (F16) were identified as vitamin D-binding protein and apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), which might be potential candidates for survival factors.
Conclusions
The protective effect of vitamin D and ApoA-IV indicated that Ch-7TM might involve the intracellular oxidation–reduction balance, although more evidence is needed to confirm this function. The siRNA screening serves as an excellent model for studying the functions of chicken MNPs receptors.
The Causal Relationship Between Ankylosing Spondylitis and mechanical complications of prosthesis after arthroplasty: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Duan Xudong , Zhao Yiwei , Zhang Jiewen , Cao Ruomu , Guan Huanshuai , Kong Ning , Li Yiyang , Xing Fangze , Lei Yutian , Li Heng , Tian Run , Wang Kunzheng , Yang Pei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background： The relationship between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and mechanical complications of prosthesis after arthroplasty has garnered increasing attention in the medical community. However, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. We conducted a novel study utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the relationship between these two diseases.
Methods: In this study, we obtained single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with AS and mechanical complications of prosthesis from summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). AS was used as exposure and SNPs as instrumental variables (IVs). The causality was assessed using inverse variance weighted method, and the results were presented as odds ratios (OR). In addition, we conducted heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analysis to investigate the potential existence of any bias that may impact the causal relationship.
Results: Our results indicate that AS has a causal effect that promotes mechanical complications of prosthesis, as assessed by the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method (OR= 1.037, 95% CI = 1.011, 1.062; P = 0.00366). Although the results of other methods such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode， and weighted mode showed no significant causal relationship between the two diseases (P > 0.05), the IVW results should be considered the primary criterion of causality, indicating that AS is a facilitator of mechanical complications of prosthesis. Heterogeneity tests, horizontal pleiotropy tests, and sensitivity analysis showed that these results are reliable and stable.
Conclusion: In a word, the results of this Mendelian randomized study suggest that ankylosing spondylitis is associated with an increased risk of mechanical complications of prosthesis after arthroplasty. Therefore, it is recommended that AS patients undergo careful assessment and monitoring during the surgical process to minimize the risk of such complications.
Does misinformation impact the perception of patients undergoing sexual health and other urological procedures: A cross sectional study
Authors: Panchendrabose Kapilan , Bal Dhiraj , Iderstine Micah Grubert Van , Patel Premal , Patel Premal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Misinformation, particularly in sexual medicine and urology, is a rising concern for providers and patients alike. We aimed to assess where patients acquire information prior to their urologic consultation/procedure and assess patients’ perception as to the reliability of this information. A cross-sectional study at an outpatient men's health clinic included 314 consenting adult patients who independently completed the questionnaire (mean age: 51.2 ± 17.2). Overall, 55.1% of patients indicated they searched up their condition online. However, 39.2% and 27.7% of respondents agreed and strongly agreed respectively to misinformation being a big concern when searching for health information, p < 0.05. Only 59.9% of patients discussed with friends and those that did not, chose not wanting to (65.1%) as their top choice. However, 27.4% of respondents were embarrassed to do so. Similarly, 38.9% of respondents were embarrassed to do so. Finally, 38.2% and 12.4% of patients agreed and strongly agreed, that learning information prior to your doctor’s appointment affects their relationship with the physician, p < 0.05. These findings emphasize the need for urologists and sexual medicine specialists to be aware of where their patients are gathering health information and to address their concerns about misinformation.
Glass-like Cross-plane Thermal Conductivity of Kagome Metals RbV3Sb5 and CsV3Sb5
Authors: Liu Jinjin , Xiang Zeyu , Fan Xuanhui , Jie Zhu , Wang Zhiwei , Yao Yugui , Qian Xin , Yang Ronggui , Pang Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work reports the thermal conductivity of RbV3Sb5 and CsV3Sb5 with three-dimensional charge density wave phase transitions from 80 K to 400 K measured by pump-probe thermoreflectance techniques. At room temperature, the in-plane (basal plane) thermal conductivities are found moderate, i.e., 12 W m-1 K-1 of RbV3Sb5 and 8.8 W m-1 K-1 of CsV3Sb5, and ultralow cross-plane (stacking direction) thermal conductivities are observed, with 0.72 W m-1 K-1 of RbV3Sb5 and 0.49 W m-1 K-1 of CsV3Sb5 at 300 K. A unique glass-like temperature dependence in the cross-plane thermal conductivity is discovered, which decreases monotonically even lower than the Cahill-Pohl limit as the temperature decreases below the phase transition point TCDW. This temperature dependence is found to obey the hopping transport picture. In addition, a peak in cross-plane thermal conductivity is observed at TCDW as a fingerprint of the modulated structural distortion along the stacking direction.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals CK19+ cancer stem cells and their specific SPP1+ tumor-associated macrophage niche in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiang Bang-De , Yang Cheng-Lei , Song Rui , Hu Jun-Wen , Huang Jun-Tao , Li Nan-Nan , Ni Hang-Hang , Li Yuan-Kuan , Zhang Jie , Lu Zhan , Zhou Min , Wang Jun-Duo , Li Min-Jun , Zhan Guo-Hua , Peng Tao , Yu Hong-Ping , Qi Lu-Nan , Wang Qiu-Yan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cytokeratin 19-positive cancer stem cells (CK9 + CSCs) and their tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have not been fully explored yet in the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental Design: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on the viable cells obtained from 11 treatment-naïve HBV-associated HCC patients, including 8 CK19 + patients, to elucidate their transcriptomic landscape, CK19 + CSC heterogeneity, and immune microenvironment. Two in-house primary HCC cohorts (96 cases-related HBV and 89 cases with recurrence), multiple external cohorts, and in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to validate the results.
Results
A total of 64,581 single cells derived from the human HCC and adjacent normal tissues were sequenced, and 11 cell types were identified. The result showed that CK19 + CSCs were phenotypically and transcriptionally heterogeneous, co-expressed multiple hepatics CSC markers, and were positively correlated with worse prognosis. Moreover, the SPP1 + TAMs (TAM_SPP1) with strong M2-like features and worse prognosis were specifically enriched in the CK19 + HCC and promoted tumor invasion and metastasis by activating angiogenesis. Importantly, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) derived from TAM_SPP1, as the hub gene of CK19 + HCC, was activated by the VEGFA signal. The patients with low TAM_SPP1 enrichment might benefit from trans-arterial chemoembolization.
Conclusions
This study revealed the heterogeneity and stemness characteristics of CK19 + CSCs and specific immunosuppressive TAM_SPP1 in CK19 + HCC. The VEGFA signal can activate TAM_SPP1-derived MMP9 to promote the invasion and metastasis of CK19 + HCC tumors. This might provide novel insights into the clinical treatment of HCC patients.
Micro architectures of Barrett’s esophagus associated with DNA methylation status
Authors: Shijimaya Takuya , Tahara Tomomitsu , Yamazaki Jumpei , Kobayashi Sanshiro , Horitani Anna , Matsumoto Yasushi , Nakamura Naohiro , Okazaki Takashi , Takahashi Yu , Tomiyama Takashi , Honzawa Yusuke , Fukata Norimasa , Fukui Toshiro , Naganuma Makoto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
DNA methylation is involved in early carcinogenesis in Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) arising from the Barrett's esophagus (BE), suggesting that DNA methylation might be associated with “field defect” in BE. Since morphologic characterization of “field defect” has important implications, we explored micro architectures of on-neoplastic BE associates with DNA methylation using the magnifying narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy.
Methods:
Using three different groups of biopsies obtained from non-neoplastic BE from patients without cancer (n=66; N group), with EAC (n=27; ADJ group) and EAC (n=22; T group). Methylation status of five candidate genes (N33, DPYS, SLC16A12, miR124a3, miR34bc) were examined by bisulfite pyrosequencing. The magnifying NBI endoscopic features of non-neoplastic BE was divided into three types: small round holes or slit like structures with uniform subepithelial capillary networks (n=40; Slit/hole, S/H); having dense vessels with ambiguous surface structures (n=15; Vessel, V); clearly demarcated oval or tubulovillous structures with coiled or wavy vessels (n=38; Ridge/Villous, R/V).
Results:
Methylation levels of all five genes were higher in ADJ and T groups compared to that in N group. In the non-neoplastic BE, V type and R/V type presented higher methylation levels in all five genes compared to S/H type. Multivariate analysis revealed that, the NBI features (V and R/V type) in the non-neoplastic BE was independently associated with higher mean Z score methylation of five genes (odds ratio: 7.61, 95% confidence interval: 2.12-27.3, P<0.0001).
Conclusions:
Micro architectures of BE visualized by the magnifying NBI endoscopy can predict DNA methylation status associated with “field defect”.
Revolutionizing Therapeutics: Synthesizing Substituted Biphenyls and Assessing Their Antimicrobial Properties, ADMET Properties, and Biofilm Inhibition Potential
Authors: Alghamdi Saad , Mohammed Yasser Hussein Issa , Shntaif ahmed Hassen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern worldwide, necessitating the development of new antimicrobial agents. This study presents a novel approach to designing and evaluating potential antimicrobial agents through chemical synthesis and in silico techniques. Biaryl analogues were synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction, and their antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans was evaluated. In silico toxicity assessments provided crucial insights into the safety profile of the synthesized compounds, while molecular docking analysis and crystal structure refinement were used to understand the molecular interactions and to design more effective compounds. The results demonstrated that the synthesized biaryl analogues exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms tested, with compound 3f showing the highest efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The moderate MIC values observed for some of the other compounds also highlighted their potential as lead compounds for further development. Additionally, the study investigated the anti-biofilm activity of compound 3f, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of biofilm-associated infections. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the design and evaluation of potential antimicrobial agents, utilizing state-of-the-art techniques to identify promising compounds. The results of this study contribute significantly to the ongoing efforts to develop new treatments for bacterial and fungal infections, highlighting the potential of biaryl analogues as lead compounds for the development of new antimicrobial agents. Further research and development are necessary to optimize the efficacy and safety of these compounds for clinical use, emphasizing the importance of continued research in this field to combat the ongoing threat of antibiotic resistance.
Ensuring leadership at the operational level of a health system in protracted crisis context. A cross-sectional qualitative study covering 8 health districts in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Bigirinama Rosine Nshobole , Makali Samuel Lwamushi , Mothupi Mamothena Carol , Chiribagula Christian Zalinga , Louis Patricia St , Mwene-Batu Pacifique Lyabayungu , Bisimwa Ghislain Balaluka , Mwembo Albert Tambwe , Porignon Denis Georges 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study examines how leadership is provided at the operational level of a health system in a protracted crisis context. Despite advances in medical science and technology, health systems in low- and middle-income countries struggle to deliver quality care to all their citizens. The role of leadership in fostering resilience and positive transformation of a health system is established. However, there is little literature on this issue in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study describes leadership as experienced and perceived by health managers in crisis affected health districts in Eastern DRC.
Methods
A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in eight rural health districts (corresponding to health zones, in DRC’s health system organization), in 2021. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participatory observations. Participants were key health actors in each district. The study deductively explored six themes related to leadership, using an adapted version of the Leadership Framework conceptual approach to leadership from the United Kingdom National Health Service’s Leadership Academy. From these themes, an inductive analysis extracted emerging subthemes.
Results
The study has revealed deficiencies regarding Management and Organisation of the health zones, Internal collaboration within their management teams as well as collaboration between these teams and the health zone’s external partners. Communication and clinical and managerial capacities were identified as key factors to be strengthened in improving leadership within the districts. The findings have also highlighted the detrimental influence of vertical interventions from external partners and hierarchical supervisors in health zones on planning, human resource management and decision-making autonomy of district leaders, weakening their leadership.
Conclusions
Despite their decentralized basic operating structure, which has withstood decades of crisis and insufficient government investment in healthcare, the districts still struggle to assert their leadership and autonomy. The authors suggest greater support for personal and professional development of the health workforce, coupled with increased government investment, to further strengthen health system capacities in these settings.
Detection for Melanoma Skin Cancer through ACCF, BPPF, and CLF Techniques with Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kavitha P. , Ayyappan G. , Prabhu J , Kumar Sandeep , Mallik Saurav , Al-Rasheed Amal , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Soufiene Ben Othman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Intense sun exposure is a major risk factor for the development of melanoma, an abnormal proliferation of skin cells. Yet, this more prevalent type of skin cancer can also develop in less-exposed areas, such as those that are shaded. Melanoma is the sixth most common type of skin cancer. In recent years, computer-based methods for imaging and analysing biological systems have made considerable strides. By combining an ensemble model with Auto Correlogram Methods, an ensemble model with Binary Pyramid Patter Filter, and a Binary Pyramid Patter Filter, the authors of this work increase the accuracy of their detection of Melanoma skin cancer. These results suggest that the Color Layout Filter model of the Attribute Selection Classifier provides the best overall performance. Statistics for ROC, PRC, Kappa, F-Measure, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient were as follows: 90.96% accuracy, 0.91 precision, 0.91 recall, 0.95 ROC, 0.87 PRC, 0.87 Kappa, 0.91 F-Measure, and 0.82 Matthews Correlation Coefficient. In addition, its margins of error are the smallest. The research found that the Attribute Selection Classifier performed well when used in conjunction with the Color Layout Filter to improve image quality.
Maternal Common Mental Disorders and childhood malnutrition in two rural provinces of Zimbabwe: A case-control study
Authors: Marume Anesu , Archary Moherndran , January James , Mahomed Saajida 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Maternal mental health is often neglected in low-income countries. Whilst maternal physical comorbidities are known to be associated with child malnourishment, the evidence for the role of maternal common mental disorders (CMD) in childhood stunting is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between maternal CMD and childhood stunting in Zimbabwe.
Method: A locally developed and validated Shona Symptom Questionnaire was used to assess for the presence of CMD among 397 mothers of children in Manicaland and Matabeleland South Provinces, Zimbabwe.
Results: A maternal CMD prevalence of 29.5% was calculated, of which 31.2% were among mother of children who were identified as stunted. A significant relationship between maternal CMDs and childhood malnutrition (stunting, underweight and wasting) was identified p<0.05. Household wealth, family and spousal support, morbidity, fertility, child spacing, and death of a spouse were identified as statistical significant predictors of maternal CMD.
Conclusion: This study reports a significantly high burden of maternal CMD in Zimbabwe as well as confirming presence of a cause effect relationship between childhood malnutrition and maternal CMD. Policy makers and public health interventions are more likely to be effective in controlling childhood malnutrition when they consider the inclusion of prevention and appropriate management of maternal CMD.
High bilirubin levels are a risk factor for severe acute appendicitis
Authors: Hassan Hassan A , Riad Mohamed , El-Taher Ahmed K , Eraky Mohamed E , Elsayed Ashraf abdelmonem , Elsayed Rasha S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The present research aimed to examine the clinical importance of preoperative hyperbilirubinemia in Sharkia, Egypt, patients and determine whether it has any practical application for predicting the magnitude of acute appendicitis.
Methods
Between January 2020 and December 2023, 636 appendicitis patients who received an appendectomy were evaluated. Using multivariate analysis, we looked at predictive data for complex (perforated or gangrenous) appendicitis, including demographics, gender, white blood cell count, degree C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation, high-temperature peritoneal signs indicators, and bilirubin level.
Results
Raised bilirubin level is highly appreciated in patients with ith perforated or gangrenous appendix. The total bilirubin (>1.1 mg/dL), elevated CRP (>0.5 mg/dL), severe peritonitis that started at the site of the appendix (right iliac fossa), The widespread peritonitis when ruptured or gangrenous occurred with high temperature, first temperature (>37.3°C) when still congested appendicitis and elevated above > 48 - 40 when general peritonitis established. The multivariate analysis presented older age > 64 years, elevated bilirubin, raised CPR, and high temperature (odds ratios of 3.36, 1.75, 7.61, and 2.43, respectively) as predictive risk factors for severity. The multivariate analysis presented older age > 64 years, elevated bilirubin, raised CPR, and high temperature (odds ratios of 1.99, 5.90, and 2.72, respectively) as a predictive risk factors for severity between age 65 years.
Conclusions
High temperature, elevated CRP, and hyper Bilirubin were helpful indicators of the degree of seriousness of acute appendicitis, with excessive Bilirubin being particularly helpful in individuals under 65.