bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter study of pediatric Epstein‐Barr virus–negative monomorphic post solid organ transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Afify Zeinab A. M. , Taj Mary M. , Orjuela‐Grimm Manuela , Srivatsa Kavitha , Miller Tamara P. , Edington Holly J. , Dalal Mansi , Robles Joanna , Ford James B. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Ureda Tonya J. , Rubinstein Jeremy D. , McCormack Sarah , Rivers Julie M. , Chisholm Karen M. , Kavanaugh Madison K. , Bukowinski Andrew J. , Friehling Erika D. , Ford Maegan C. , Reddy Sonika N. , Marks Lianna J. , Smith Christine Moore , Mason Clinton C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric Epstein‐Barr virus–negative monomorphic post solid organ transplant lymphoproliferative disorder [EBV(−)M‐PTLD] comprises approximately 10% of M‐PTLD. No large multi‐institutional pediatric‐specific reports on treatment and outcome are available.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective review of solid organ recipients diagnosed with EBV(−)M‐PTLD aged ≤21 years between 2001 and 2020 in 12 centers in the United States and United Kingdom was performed, including demographics, staging, treatment, and outcomes data.ResultsThirty‐six patients were identified with EBV(−)M‐PTLD. Twenty‐three (63.9%) were male. Median age (range) at transplantation, diagnosis of EBV(−)M‐PTLD, and interval from transplant to PTLD were 2.2 years (0.1–17), 14 years (3.0–20), and 8.5 years (0.6–18.3), respectively. Kidney (n = 17 [47.2%]) and heart (n = 13 [36.1%]) were the most commonly transplanted organs. Most were Murphy stage III (n = 25 [69.4%]). Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in 22/34 (64.7%) and ≥2 times upper limit of normal in 11/34 (32.4%). Pathological diagnoses included diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (n = 31 [86.1%]) and B–non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 5 [13.9%]). Of nine different regimens used, the most common were: pediatric mature B–NHL‐specific regimen (n = 13 [36.1%]) and low‐dose cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and rituximab (n = 9 [25%]). Median follow‐up from diagnosis was 3.0 years (0.3–11.0 years). Three‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 64.8% and 79.9%, respectively. Of the seven deaths, six were from progressive disease.ConclusionsEFS and OS were comparable to pediatric EBV(+) PTLD, but inferior to mature B‐NHL in immunocompetent pediatric patients. The wide range of therapeutic regimens used directs our work toward developing an active multi‐institutional registry to design prospective studies.Plain Language Summary

Pediatric Epstein‐Barr virus–negative monomorphic post solid organ transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV(−)M‐PTLD) have comparable outcomes to EBV(+) PTLD, but are inferior to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in immunocompetent pediatric patients.

The variety of treatment regimens used highlights the need to develop a pediatric PTLD registry to prospectively evaluate outcomes.

The impact of treatment regimen on relapse risk could not be assessed because of small numbers.

In the intensive pediatric B–non‐Hodgkin lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy group, 11 of 13 patients remain alive in complete remission after 0.6 to 11 years.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Targeted Fluorescent Imaging Agents for Diagnosis and Resection of Cancer
Authors: Yadav Kratika , Krishnan Mena Asha , Chelvam Venkatesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLocal re‐occurrence of cancer in patients with solid tumors is currently the most common reason for failure of treatment strategies. This fact indicates that prevailing approaches for tumor resection can cure only 50% of patients. A major cause of failure in tumor resection is off‐target drug cytotoxicity and lack of sensitivity in tumor detection methods. These disadvantages are addressed with the development of targeted therapy and diagnostics, which significantly aid treatment strategies. Targeted diagnostics exploit properties of tumor cells that show significant up‐regulation of tumor biomarkers. These biomarkers are targeted by a homing ligand attached to a fluorophore for visual inspection during surgery. However, these approaches suffer from disadvantages like high autofluorescence from background tissues, tissue absorption, and scattering, resulting in decreased image sensitivity and resolution. The use of near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophores to overcome these drawbacks has generated unprecedented interest among researchers. The NIR window lies within the range of 650 to 1,700 nm, which results in reduced absorption and scattering by the tissues, thereby providing deeper tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence. NIR fluorophores can be designed to target tumor biomarkers such as prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or folate receptors found over‐expressed on cancer tissues. These targeted fluorophores consist of small‐molecule ligands conjugated with NIR dyes that bind with high specificity to PSMA and folic acid receptors. In this protocol, we have extensively described the methodology for the synthesis of targeted NIR agents for PSMA (DUPA‐NIR bioconjugate) and folic acid (folate‐NIR bioconjugate), along with detailed steps for preclinical evaluation. Procedures to calculate the binding affinity to cancer cells in vitro are described, along with uptake and biodistribution in different mice models in vivo. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis and purification of DUPA and folate‐peptide linkers via a SPPS strategyBasic Protocol 2: Conjugation, purification, and characterization of targeted bioconjugates with NIR probe for deep‐tissue imaging applicationsBasic Protocol 3: In vitro evaluation of binding affinity of targeted DUPA‐NIR and folate‐NIR bioconjugates using a spectrophotometerBasic Protocol 4: Induction of tumor in mice to develop CDX or metastatic tumor modelsBasic Protocol 5: Intravenous administration of targeted DUPA‐NIR and folate‐NIR bioconjugates in mouse CDX or metastatic tumor models for deep‐tissue NIR imaging and tumor resection
Reproductive Risk Estimation Calculator for Balanced Translocation Carriers
Authors: Trunca Carolyn , Mendell Nancy R. , Schilit Samantha L.P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBalanced translocation carriers experience elevated reproductive risks, including pregnancy loss and children with anomalies due to generating chromosomally unbalanced gametes. While understanding the likelihood of producing unbalanced conceptuses is critical for individuals to make reproductive decisions, risk estimates are difficult to obtain as most balanced translocations are unique. To improve reproductive risk estimates, Drs. Trunca and Mendell created models based on a logistic regression analysis of a dataset of over 6000 individuals from over 1000 translocation families. While risk assessments using these models have been offered as a free service for years, this protocol aims to create a sustainable model for genetics professionals to obtain risk estimates for their patients directly. This protocol guides the user through collecting clinical information, using a risk‐generating Java program based on the models, and interpreting the program outputs. A practice tutorial is provided to ensure competency in interpretation prior to use. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Estimation of reproductive risks for balanced translocation carriersBasic Protocol 2: Practical examples of typical patient encounters with instructive interpretations
Keeping an eye on circadian time in clinical research and medicine
Authors: Klerman Elizabeth B. , Brager Allison , Carskadon Mary A. , Depner Christopher M. , Foster Russell , Goel Namni , Harrington Mary , Holloway Paul M. , Knauert Melissa P. , LeBourgeois Monique K. , Lipton Jonathan , Merrow Martha , Montagnese Sara , Ning Mingming , Ray David , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Shea Steven A. , Skene Debra J. , Spies Claudia , Staels Bart , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre , Tiedt Steffen , Zee Phyllis C. , Burgess Helen J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDaily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms.ContentThe goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time‐of‐day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms.We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology.ConclusionAlthough circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice.
Precision of mangrove sediment blue carbon estimates and the role of coring and data analysis methods
Authors: Sternberg‐Rodríguez Paula , Ezcurra Paula , Costa Matthew T. , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio , Ezcurra Exequiel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCarbon accumulation in coastal wetlands is normally assessed by extracting a sediment core and estimating its carbon content and bulk density. Because carbon content and bulk density are functionally related, the latter can be estimated gravimetrically from a section of the core or, alternatively, from the carbon content in the sample using the mixing model equation from soil science. Using sediment samples from La Paz Bay, Mexico, we analyzed the effect that the choice of corer and the method used to estimate bulk density could have on the final estimates of carbon storage in the sediments. We validated the results using a larger dataset of tropical mangroves, and then by Monte Carlo simulation. The choice of corer did not have sizable influence on the final estimates of carbon density. The main factor in selecting a corer is the operational difficulties that each corer may have in different types of sediments. Because of the multiplication of errors in a product of two variables subject to random sampling error, when using gravimetric estimates of bulk density, the dispersion of the data points in the estimation of total carbon density rises rapidly as the amount of carbon in the sediment increases. In contrast, the estimation of total carbon density using only the carbon fraction as a predictor is very precise, especially in sediments rich in organic matter. This method, however, depends critically on the accurate estimation of the two parameters of the mixing model: the bulk density of pure peat and the bulk density of pure mineral sediment. The estimation of carbon densities in peaty sediments can be very imprecise when using gravimetric bulk densities. Estimating carbon density in peaty sediments using only the estimate of organic fraction can be much more precise, provided the model parameters are estimated with accuracy. These results open the door for simplified and precise estimates of carbon dynamics in mangroves and coastal wetlands.
Spatial patterns of transport‐effective flow at three small confluences: Relation to channel morphology
Authors: Shukla Tanya , Lewis Quinn W. , Rhoads Bruce L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe spatial patterns of transport‐effective flows at confluences and the relation of these patterns to channel morphology remain poorly understood. This field study uses acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements to explore the spatial structure of different transport‐effective flows at three small stream confluences where measurements of flow structure have been obtained previously using electromagnetic current meters or acoustic Doppler velocimeters for events incapable of mobilizing bed material or for transport‐effective events with much smaller discharges. Results show that flow accelerates from upstream to downstream for all six measured flows and that in each case a distinct region of velocity deficit exists within the confluence. Accelerating flow within this velocity‐deficit region eventually transforms into the high‐velocity core of flow downstream of the confluence. Patterns of secondary flow are indicative of helical motion, with some helical cells exhibiting senses of rotation inconsistent with patterns of streamline curvature defined by patterns of depth‐averaged velocity vectors—a type of fluid motion that contrasts with flow structure documented at lower stages. Channel form, especially bed morphology, generally reflects acceleration of flow at the confluences; all three sites exhibit zones of scour. Despite mobility of bed material during measured flows, channel morphology does not change substantially at any of the sites, but systematic change in channel form for two different transport‐effective events with different momentum flux ratios is observed at one of the three confluences. At this confluence, the type of change documented during the two events is consistent with previous work on changes in morphology before and after events with different momentum flux ratios. The results of this study improve understanding of the connections between flow structure and channel form at small lowland stream confluences.
Repose time patterns of debris‐flow events in alpine catchments
Authors: Heiser Micha , Schlögl Matthias , Spangl Bernhard , Fuchs Sven , Rickenmann Dieter , Zimmermann Markus , Scheidl Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe omnipresent threat of natural hazards in mountainous regions has led to a risk culture which requires knowledge about the frequency of the considered hazardous process. Observations suggest that the frequency of debris‐flow events in a single catchment is, besides climatic thresholds, also controlled by its geological, lithological and geomorphological characteristics. Based on investigations of debris‐flow event frequencies from 47 headwater catchments, our results support the classification of recurrence intervals as irregular, clustered or regular, originally proposed by Zimmermann et al. in 1997 (Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 90(3), 415–420). However, instead of using geomorphological characteristics, our classification relies on quantitative analyses considering potential dependencies between events based on their inter‐event (repose) times. By employing a modified dynamic threshold concept with respect to debris‐flow initiation, we show that for irregular frequencies neither climatic nor geomorphological thresholds are altered by the last debris‐flow event. For regular and clustered time series, however, mutual dependency between events is reasonable and therefore prompts dynamic changes of climatic as well as geomorphological thresholds.
Delayed neck cutoff in the meandering Black River of the Qinghai–Tibet plateau
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Gao Peng , You Yuchi , Finotello Alvise , Ielpi Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeck cutoffs in meandering rivers have long been thought to occur when the neck width (b) approximates the mean width of the parent channel (W). Empirical evidence for this paradigm is scarce, however, because tracking late‐stage evolution of meander bends prior to cutoff at sufficient temporal resolutions is difficult in natural rivers. In this study, we captured field and photogrammetric data depicting temporal changes of the banklines forming the neck of one meander bend, and values of the narrowest neck width for 14 highly sinuous bends, in the Black River of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (China) over nearly four decades. Results show that the duration of bend evolution from the classic morphological threshold (b ≈ W) to the occurrence of neck cutoff could range from 52 to 161 years. This long period has hitherto been ignored by fluvial geomorphologists, and needs to be included in forthcoming kinematic and hydrodynamic models of meander evolution. Further analyses indicate that the neck narrowing process is autogenous at the local bend scale, neither controlled by the maximum bend sinuosity nor by the annual peak discharge.
Seventy years of watershed response to floods and changing forestry practices in western Oregon, USA
Authors: Goodman Arianna C. , Segura Catalina , Jones Julia A. , Swanson Frederick J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examined the 70‐year history of clearcutting of old‐growth forest and associated road construction, floods, landslides, large wood in rivers, and channel change in the 64 km2 Lookout Creek watershed in western Oregon, where forestry practices began in 1950 and largely ceased by the 1980s. Responses differed among three zones with distinctive geomorphic processes within the watershed: a glacially sculpted zone, an earthflow‐dominated zone, and a debris slide and debris flow‐dominated zone. Watershed response to floods was more related to the timing of road construction and clearcuts, past geomorphic events, and forest dynamics than to flood magnitude. Even small (1–3 year) floods generated geomorphic responses in the period of initial road construction and logging (1950–1964) and during ongoing logging in the early part of a 30‐year period between large flood events (1966–1995). The floods of 1964/65, 15 years after the onset of logging, produced much larger geomorphic responses than the flood of record (1996), more than a decade after logging ceased. Geomorphic response was negligible for the third largest event on record (2011) during the last period (1997–2020), when former clearcuts were 20 to 70‐year‐old forest plantations. Watershed response in each of five distinct time periods depended on conditions created during prior periods in the three zones. Understanding of watershed response to forestry requires integrated observation of forestry practices, floods, landslide susceptibility, wood delivery and movement, and channel change on time scales that capture responses to past and ongoing management practices and geophysical and biological factors and events.
Study of the method of spinal cord neuron culture in Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Sun Yi‐Fei , Chang Quan‐Yuan , Eerqing Narima , Hu Chang‐Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the method of culture of spinal cord neurons (SPNs) in vitro and to provide prerequisites for studying the molecular mechanism and pharmacological mechanism of spinal cord injury and repair. The spinal cord tissues of neonatal Sprague–Dawley rats were taken and digested by trypsin, followed by cytarabine (Ara‐C) to inhibit the proliferation of heterogeneous cells, differential velocity adhesion, and natural growth in neuron‐specific medium. Then, the morphology of SPNs was observed. Ara‐C treatment inhibited the growth of heterogeneous cells and the growth of spinal neurons. Using the differential velocity adhesion method, it was found that the adhesion time of heterogeneous cells and SPNs was not significantly different, and it could not separate neurons and heterogeneous cells well. A large number of mixed cells gathered and floated, and died on the 18th day. Compared with the 20th day, the cell viability of the 18th day was better (p < 0.001). The natural growth and culture of SPNs in Neurobasal‐A medium can yield neurons of higher purity and SPNs from the 12th day to the 18th day can be selected for related in vitro cell experiments.
Discovering childhood in contemporary China: Toward a multisystems perspective
Authors: Ge Ting , He Guangye 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the remarkable improvements that have been achieved in the field of child development in contemporary China, there remain daunting challenges. To explore and address these issues, we organize this special issue “Child development in contemporary China: Toward a multisystems perspective.” In this collection, we introduce theoretically‐informed empirical research conducted by scholars worldwide and organize these research articles into four general themes: policy/program intervention regarding child development, migration status and child development, parenting/grandparenting and child development, and school/after‐school engagement and child development. These articles keep abreast of theoretical, methodological, and practical innovations in the field, aiming to provide new evidence to enrich the understanding of the patterns and potential mechanisms that would lead to a (dis)advantaged childhood in China.
Mpox diagnostics: Review of current and emerging technologies
Authors: Lim Chuan Kok , Roberts Jason , Moso Michael , Liew Kwee Chin , Taouk Mona L. , Williams Eloise , Tran Thomas , Steinig Eike , Caly Leon , Williamson Deborah Ann 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMpox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV) from the Orthopoxvirus genus. Unprecedented transmission events have led to more than 70 000 cases reported worldwide by October 2022. The change in mpox epidemiology has raised concerns of its ability to establish endemicity beyond its traditional geographical locations. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of mpox virology and viral dynamics that are relevant to mpox diagnostics. A synopsis of the traditional and emerging laboratory technologies useful for MPXV detection and in guiding “elimination” strategies is outlined in this review. Importantly, development in MPXV genomics has rapidly advanced our understanding of the role of viral evolution and adaptation in the current outbreak.