bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate and real-time object detection in crowded indoor spaces based on the fusion of DBSCAN algorithm and improved YOLOv4-tiny network
Authors: Shen Jianing , Zhou Yang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReal-time object detection is an integral part of internet of things (IoT) application, which is an important research field of computer vision. Existing lightweight algorithms cannot handle target occlusions well in target detection tasks in indoor narrow scenes, resulting in a large number of missed detections and misclassifications. To this end, an accurate real-time multi-scale detection method that integrates density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering algorithm and the improved You Only Look Once (YOLO)-v4-tiny network is proposed. First, by improving the neck network of the YOLOv4-tiny model, the detailed information of the shallow network is utilized to boost the average precision of the model to identify dense small objects, and the Cross mini-Batch Normalization strategy is adopted to improve the accuracy of statistical information. Second, the DBSCAN clustering algorithm is fused with the modified network to achieve better clustering effects. Finally, Mosaic data enrichment technique is adopted during model training process to improve the capability of the model to recognize occluded targets. Experimental results show that compared to the original YOLOv4-tiny algorithm, the mAP values of the improved algorithm on the self-construct dataset are significantly improved, and the processing speed can well meet the requirements of real-time applications on embedded devices. The performance of the proposed model on public datasets PASCAL VOC07 and PASCAL VOC12 is also better than that of other advanced lightweight algorithms, and the detection ability for occluded objects is significantly improved, which meets the requirements of mobile terminals for real-time detection in crowded indoor environments.
Enhancement of spectral access of optical OFDM system using cognitive radio
Authors: Kumar Arun , Gaur Nishant 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work presents the research on spectrum sensing in optical OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) systems. Spectrum sensing is crucial for cognitive radio networks to efficiently utilize available spectral resources. Various spectrum sensing techniques are explored, including energy detection (ED), cyclostationary feature detection (CD), and matched filter detection (MF). These techniques enable the detection of occupied and unoccupied subcarriers in optical OFDM systems, facilitating dynamic spectrum access and spectrum sharing. The research highlights the importance of accurate spectrum sensing in maximizing spectral efficiency, optimizing network performance, and enabling coexistence of multiple users in optical OFDM-based cognitive radio networks. The findings contribute to the development of future wireless communication systems. The parameters such as probability of detection (pd), probability of false alarm (pfa), bit error rate (BER), and power spectral density (PSD) is analysed using computer simulation. The simulation results reveal that the MF achieved a gain of 2.8 dB and 3.6 dB as compared with conventional spectrum sensing algorithms.
Soziale Ungleichheit und Kriminalität im urbanen Raum
Authors: Naplava Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Verschärfung der sozialen Ungleichheit in Deutschland geht einher mit zunehmenden Segregationsprozessen in urbanen Räumen. Diesen Entwicklungen hat die kriminologische Forschung in Deutschland bislang keine explizite Beachtung geschenkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht der Aufsatz der Frage nach, welchen zusätzlichen Beitrag das Ausmaß an sozialer, ethnischer und demographischer Segregation neben sozialer Benachteiligung und Tatgelegenheiten für die Erklärung der unterschiedlichen Kriminalitätsbelastung in deutschen Großstädten leistet. Regressionsanalysen zu 69 (Groß-)Städten bestätigen zum einen die Bedeutung von sozialer Desorganisation und Tatgelegenheiten für die Erklärung der deliktsspezifischen Kriminalitätsbelastung der Städte. Zum anderen erweisen sich die drei Dimensionen der residentiellen Segregation für die Erklärung der Kriminalitätsraten zusätzlich als bedeutsam. Damit bekräftigen die Ergebnisse den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und Kriminalität und verdeutlichen die Folgen der räumlichen Konzentration und Polarisierung von Einwohnergruppen in urbanen Räumen für die Kriminalitätsentstehung.
Resveratrol and its analogs suppress HIV replication, oxidative stress, and inflammation in macrophages
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Sinha Namita , Kodidela Sunitha , Godse Sandip , Singla Bhupesh , Singh Udai P. , Bhat Hari K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
HIV suppression in brain viral reservoirs, especially macrophages, and microglia is critical to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis and subsequently HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Since most antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs do not achieve optimal therapeutic concentrations in the brain and can cause neurotoxicity, an alternative/adjuvant therapy is needed to suppress HIV neuropathogenesis. In this study, our objectives were to examine the anti-HIV, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of resveratrol (RES) and its synthetic analogs 4-(E)-{(p-tolylimino)-methylbenzene-1,2-diol} (TIMBD) and 4-(E)-{(4-hydroxyphenylimino)-methylbenzene,1,2-diol} (HPIMBD) in HIV-infected macrophages.

Methods
We used HIV replication (viral load), oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes), and inflammatory response (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines) assays to achieve the objectives of the study.

Results
Our results showed that RES and its analogs HPIMBD and TIMBD at 25 µM concentration significantly decrease HIV replication in both primary monocyte-derived macrophages and U1-differentiated macrophages. Moreover, RES and its analogs do not induce any cytotoxicity for up to 3 days in these cells. Further, treatment with RES and TIMBD (25 µM) also reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species without affecting the expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD1, and catalase in U1 macrophages. Besides, RES and HPIMBD treatment inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in U1 macrophages, which was associated with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, our western blot experiments show that RES also decreases cellular proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is usually elevated in both myeloid and neuronal cells upon HIV infection.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results suggest that RES and/or its analogs are important adjuvants that may be used not only to suppress HIV but also oxidative stress and inflammation in brain viral reservoirs.
Die strangulierte Freiheit im globalisierten Neoliberalismus
Authors: Poulain Jacques 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Der experimentierende Pragmatismus sozialer Gerechtigkeit, den der globalisierte Neoliberalismus praktiziert, hat die Logik der Experimentalwissenschaften auf die Ebene der Sozialbeziehungen übertragen, und so sucht er wie diese die Übereinstimmung der realen Welt mit der vorausgesetzten Markthypothese zu erzielen und damit auch die Übereinstimmung der einzelnen menschlichen Monaden und mit dieser Marktwelt zu erzeugen. Der experimentierende Naturforscher und der experimentierende Sozialforscher rufen auf schier animistische Weise eine stets schon disponible, vorformulierte rationale Welt-Rede oder eine Begierde-Rede an und respektieren sie so blindlings wie die neue, allmächtige Pythia. Dieses Experiment aber dient nur der Selbstvergewisserung des sozialen Heils und den Kapitalisten und bringt eine globalisierte Ungerechtigkeit hervor. Die Freiheit der einzelnen wird dabei stranguliert, ihre Rechte werden ignoriert. Nur ein wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Dialog zwischen den Instanzen der internationalen Multinationalen und den Arbeitnehmern ist imstande, diese globalisierte Ungerechtigkeit zu überwinden und die Freiheit aller zu restaurieren.
Individuum und Freiheit in Luhmanns systemtheoretischer Sicht
Authors: Qin Mingrui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Der Aufsatz diskutiert die zentralen Gedanken Niklas Luhmanns über die Individualitätsbildung und Freiheitslage der Menschen in der segmentär, stratifikatorisch und funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Die Individualität und mithin die Freiheit der Menschen wird in den ersten beiden Differenzierungsformen durch Inklusion in Familien, Haushalten, Stämmen, Ständen etc. ermöglicht, also von außen bestimmt. In der modernen funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft muss man hingegen seine Individualität selbst bilden, weil man von den Funktionssystemen nur durch Anpassung an ihre Forderungen inkludiert werden kann, was heute vor allem durch einen Karriereverlauf möglich ist. Als Individuum hat man aber auch die Freiheit, sich dem zu widersetzen und sich zurückzuziehen. Ferner zeichnet sich die moderne Gesellschaft dadurch aus, den Individuen die Freiheit einzuräumen, Ansprüche an sie zu stellen, damit sie ihre eigenen Strukturen dementsprechend aufbauen kann. Luhmanns Beschreibung der modernen Verhältnisse hat auch für die „Nachzügler“ der Modernisierung wie z.B. China Relevanz.
Entangled Notions of Freedom and Dependence
Authors: Mattig Ruprecht , Giehl Marvin , Masek Hiromi , Mathias Miriam , Sener Gamze , Wegner Axel , Zehbe Klaus-Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

While freedom has traditionally been discussed in philosophy and political theory, this paper proposes an anthropological approach to the study of freedom. The focus is on the Japanese word amae, which Takeo Doi calls the ‘key’ to Japanese culture and contrasts with the ‘Western’ concept of freedom. After discussing Doi’s influential work, meanings are reconstructed from interviews and group discussions with Japanese people about amae. The interviewees define amae literally in terms of social ‘non-independence’ and, unlike Doi, understand it in a complex intertwining with freedom on the one hand and autonomy on the other. Overall, the paper argues that amae can hardly serve as a ‘key’ to understanding the Japanese, but can stimulate fruitful anthropological reflections not only on Japanese culture, but also on the concept of freedom.
Literatur ist Freiheit
Authors: Blamberger Günter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
„Literature is Freedom“, so endet Susan Sontags Dankrede zur Verleihung des Friedenspreises des Deutschen Buchhandels 2003. Worin gründet die Wirkmacht der Poesie, Freiräume des Denkens zu eröffnen, Lesern Grenzüberschreitungen der eigenen Zeit, der eigenen Identität, der eigenen Kultur zu ermöglichen und damit das Bewusstsein für gänzlich andere Vermessungen der Welt? Wie können Literaturwissenschaftler die Freiheit der Kunst und damit die Komplexität ästhetischer Erfahrungen verteidigen, angesichts der Reduzierung von Freiheitsgraden in den aktuellen Kulturkämpfen? Wie gelingt es zeitgenössischer politischer Dichtung, denen Gehör zu verschaffen, deren Unfreiheit nur die Konsequenz des rücksichtslosen Freiheitsanspruchs privilegierter Individuen und Nationen ist? Antworten darauf versucht der folgende Artikel in offener, aphoristischer Form – mit Hilfe poetologischer Überlegungen und exemplarischen Hinweisen zur Gegenwartslyrik, u.a. zu Gedichten von Don Mee Choi, Kateryna Kalytko, Mihret Kebede, Fiston Mwanza Mujila, Aleš Šteger, Carlos Soto-Román, Anja Utler, Uljana Wolf und Serhji Zhadan.
Complex dynamics of a sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system
Authors: Li Zhenpeng , Ke Guiyao , Wang Haijun , Pan Jun , Hu Feiyu , Su Qifang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the generic dynamical property of most quadratic Lorenz-type systems that the unstable manifolds of the origin tending to the stable manifold of nontrivial symmetrical equilibria forms a pair of heteroclinic orbits, this technical note reports a new 3D sub-quadratic Lorenz-like system:

x

˙

=
a

(

y
−
x

)

\dot{x}=a(y-x)

,

y

˙

=
c

x

3

+
d
y
−

x

3

z

\dot{y}=c\sqrt[3]{x}+{\rm{d}}y-\sqrt[3]{x}z

and

z

˙

=
−
b
z
+

x

3

y

\dot{z}=-bz+\sqrt[3]{x}y

. Instead, the unstable manifolds of nontrivial symmetrical equilibria tending to the stable manifold of the origin creates a pair of heteroclinic orbits. This drives one to further investigate it and reveal its other hidden dynamics: Hopf bifurcation, invariant algebraic surfaces, ultimate bound sets, globally exponentially attractive sets, existence of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits, singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles, and so on. The main contributions of this work are summarized as follows: First, the ultimate boundedness of that system yields the globally exponentially attractive sets of it. Second, the existence of another heteroclinic orbits is also proved by utilizing two different Lyapunov functions. Finally, on the invariant algebraic surface

z
=

3

4
a

x

4

3

z=\frac{3}{4a}\sqrt[3]{{x}^{4}}

, the existence of a pair of homoclinic orbits to the origin, and two pairs of heteroclinic orbits to two pairs of nontrivial symmetrical equilibria is also proved by utilizing a Hamiltonian function. In addition, the correctness of the theoretical results is illustrated via numerical examples.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid function: a scoping review
Authors: Mohammadparast-Tabas Pouria , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Naseri Kobra , Darroudi Majid , Aramjoo Hamed , Ahmadian Hanie , Ashrafipour Mostafa , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Numerous evidence indicates the association between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an endocrine disrupter, with thyroid hormone disruption, contradictory findings also exist. Herein, we tried to address this question by performing a scoping review.

Content
The search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2010 onwards. Animal studies on PCBs’ effect on thyroid function were searched. The SYRCLE’s RoB scale assessed the risk of bias. I2 and Q tests are used for investigating heterogeneity. A random-effects model with the pooled standard means difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) was performed for the TSH, TT4, TT3, and FT4 outcomes using Comprehensive Meta-Analyses (CMA) Software version 3. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses based on the different types of PCB. The initial search identified 1,279 publications from the main databases 26 of them fulfilled our eligibility criteria for the study, and then five studies among selected studies had sufficient data for analysis. Meta-analysis of data revealed that Aroclor 1260 (SDM: −0.47, 95 % CI: −0.92, −0.01, p=0.044) and PCB 126 (SDM: 0.17, 95 % CI: −0.40, 0.75, p=0.559) significantly increased TSH concentration in the exposed groups vs. the control groups. Related to the effects of PCBs on the TT4, our findings indicated a significant reduction the TT4 concentration of animals exposed to Aroclor 1260 (SDM: −5.62, 95 % CI: −8.30, −2.94, p=0.0001), PCB 118 (SDM: −6.24, 95 % CI: −7.76, −4.72, p=0.0001), PCB 126 (SDM: −1.81, 95 % CI: −2.90, −0.71, p=0.001), and PCB 153 (SDM: −1.32, 95 % CI: −2.29, −0.35, p=0.007) vs. the controls. Our meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in TT3 concentration following exposure to PCB 118 and PCB 153 (SDM: −0.89, 95 % CI: −1.36, −0.42, p=0.0001, and SDM: −1.45, 95 % CI: −2.15, −0.75, p=0.0001, respectively). Aroclor 1254 and PCB 126 significantly decreased TT3 concentration (SDM: 1.25, 95 % CI: 0.29, 2.21, p=0.01 and SDM: 3.33, 95 % CI: 2.49, 4.18, p=0.0001, respectively). PCB 126 significantly decreased FT4 in the exposed groups vs. the control groups (SDM: −7.80, 95 % CI: −11.51, −5.35, p=0.0001).

Summary
Our findings showed an association between PCBs exposure and hypothyroidism in rodents, fish, and chicken embryos.

Outlook
Regarding to the most evidence of hypothyroidism effects of PCBs in animal species, it is necessary to consider large cohort studies to address the association between PCBs exposure and thyroid function impairment in humans.
Trident-shaped monopole antenna withp-methoxy-benzylidene-p-n-butyl aniline (MBBA) nematic liquid crystal (NLC) for C- and X-band applications
Authors: Prasad Nagandla , Pardhasaradhi Pokkunuri , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Manepalli Rama Krishna Nanchara Rao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this research article, a novel MBBA nematic liquid crystal (NLC) based circular trident-shaped antenna is proposed for both C-band and X-band microwave applications. The proposed antenna contains a trident-shaped radiating patch, which is made of copper material, and glass material is utilized as a dielectric substrate for the proposed novel MBBA-based trident shaped antenna. The dielectric substrate contains two glass plates with a thickness of 1 mm each and is separated by an air gap of 0.003 mm to fill MBBA nematic liquid crystal. So, the overall size of the proposed antenna will become 15 × 20 × 2.003 mm3. The dielectric constant of each glass plate is chosen as 5.438. However, the antenna operates at a single frequency band, when MBBA material is not present between the glass plates and produces two distinct resonant frequencies when the air gap between the glass plates is filled with MBBA NLC. Antenna radiation parameters such as gain, radiation efficiency, reflection coefficient, and radiation patterns are compared for both simulation and measurement.
Synthesis of doped metal sulfide nanoparticles and their graphene reinforced nanohybrid for Pb(II) detection
Authors: Nazik Ghulam , Aadil Muhammad , Zulfiqar Sonia , Hassan Warda , Rahman Abdur , Ibrahim Sobhy M. , Naseem Khalida , Sheikh Tahir Ali , Akhtar Muhammad Nadeem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper explores different techniques to combine and improve the electrochemical sensing activities of the transition metal chalcogenide. The transition metal chalcogenide was doped with a suitable dopant to tune the band structure. Surface-assisted nanotechnology was used to enrich the superficial properties of the doped material. Lastly, the nanostructured doped materials were physically mixed with the graphene nanoplates (GNPs) to improve the flow of charges and the stability of the electrochemistry. The most electrically conductive and common metal sulfides in nature were chosen and prepared using a cheap and easy wet-route method. Crystal structure, chemical functionality, texture, composition, and thermal stability of undoped, doped, and composite materials were determined using physicochemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA. N2-adsorption-desorption, current-voltage, and impedance studies show that the composite sample’s surface area, electrical conductivity, and charge transport properties are superior to those of the undoped and doped samples. Regarding electrochemical applications, the composite material supported a glassy carbon electrode (Co–Cu2S/Gr@GCE) with excellent Pb(II) ion sensing activity. Moreover, the sensitivity, detection, and quantification limits of the modified electrode for Pb(II) detection were computed to be 88.68 μAμMcm−2, 0.091 μM, and 0.30 μM, respectively. The key features developed in the metal sulfide for its enhancement of electrochemical sensing activity are a high surface area, good conductivity, and fast electron transport by adopting nanotechnology, metal doping, and composite formation methodologies. Based on the results of the experiments, we can say that using multiple inputs to integrate the feature we want is an excellent way to make electrochemical systems for the next generation.
Isotropic Pressure Membrane Sensor to Establish Shrinkage Stress Evolution in Clayey Soil
Authors: Venkatesh Prasanna , Joseph Jeevan , Gayathry P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The shrinkage behavior of clay has been identified to have a significant influence on many geotechnical problems that include foundation failure, slope instability, damages in buried pipelines, crack formation in liner systems, etc. In this context, researchers have focused on understanding and quantifying the effect of shrinkage behavior of fine-grained soils in terms of volumetric shrinkage and crack propagation. But it has been realized that shrinkage stresses would also develop in fine-grained soil mass in tandem with volumetric shrinkage owing to tensile stresses and particle rearrangement. This necessitates mapping shrinkage stress evolution in clayey soils of distinct mineralogical and plasticity characteristics. Under these circumstances, the authors have developed a novel isotropic pressure monitoring device (I-PMD) and test protocols to measure shrinkage stress in clayey soil. The results obtained from the present study demonstrate the efficacy of employing I-PMD for establishing (i) soil shrinkage stress curve and (ii) maximum shrinkage stress σsmax of clayey soils while drying. From the present study, it has been inferred that the shrinkage stress initiation point is dependent on its liquid limit, and also, a steady increase in stress generation has been identified in its semisolid state. The result obtained from the experimental studies has been utilized to establish the empirical relationship to estimate shrinkage stress from clay characteristics.
Knowledge of Students of Medical and Non-medical Faculties on the Principles of Premedical First Aid in Stroke
Authors: Żdanowicz Anna , Jaszczyk Julia , Płociennik Sabina , Łyszyk Natalia , Wiszniewska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2023

Introduction. A stroke is a sudden, unexpected condition that can be life threatening and requires hospitalization. The time from the onset of stroke symptoms to the provision of medical attention is very important. The later help is provided, the chances of recovery decrease, and the possibility of permanent disability increases.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of students of medical and non-medical faculties on the principles of pre-medical first aid in stroke and to determine the state of general knowledge about stroke.
Material and Methods. The study was conducted among students of the Academy of Applied Sciences of Stanisław Staszic in Piła in the academic year 2020/2021. 186 students participated in the study, including 77 students of non-medical faculties and 109 students of medical faculties. The study used the diagnostic survey method using the author’s questionnaire. Each data is described in terms of quantity and percentage. The distribution of features in groups of students of non-medical and medical faculties was checked with the chi-square test. The level of significance was p < 0.05.
Results. The level of students’ knowledge depended on the field of study. Students of non-medical faculties definitely more often answered “I don’t know” to the questions asked, they had less knowledge about recognizing the symptoms or risk factors of stroke. The average level of knowledge of non-medical students was 2.88 ± 0.79 and was significantly lower (t = –5.73, p < 0.0001) than the average level of knowledge of medical students of 3.60 ± 0.97.
Conclusions. Weaker knowledge of the issues related to stroke among students of non-medical faculties indicates the need for urgent education of students in the field of stroke, so that they can recognize a stroke and take appropriate action quickly, thanks to which the patient will have a chance to quickly reach the right hospital, and thus receive the best possible treatment according to current recommendations. Students of both medical and non-medical studies should be able to participate in additional classes developing knowledge and practical skills in the field of stroke management. (JNNN 2022;11(4):154–161)