bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and monitoring of eye findings in children exposed to Zika virus during gestation: 3 years of follow-up
Authors: Dos Santos Maria Luiza Bernardes , Lima Luiz Cláudio Santos De Souza , Zin Andrea Araújo , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , De Vasconcelos Zilton Farias Moreira , Neves Luiza Maceira De Almeida , Pereira Maurício Bastos , Vianna Renata Artimos De Oliveira , Velarde Luis Guillermo Coca , De Oliveira Solange Artimos , Riley Lee Woodland , Cardoso Claudete Aparecida Araújo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionCongenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a recently described disease. Our main objective was to evaluate and monitor, over 3 years, the ophthalmoscopic findings in children exposed to zika virus (ZIKV) during gestation.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between April 2016 and May 2019. We evaluated two groups with exanthema serving as a proxy for viremia: (i) children whose mothers had exanthema during pregnancy and (ii) children who had microcephaly without maternal exanthema during pregnancy. We performed indirect ophthalmoscopy at recruitment and every 6 months thereafter. We also tested the association between ocular findings with maternal exanthema, microcephaly, CZS and maternal infection confirmed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gender.ResultsOf the 72 children included, 16 (22.2%) had optic nerve and/or retinal lesions. All 16 had CZS and 15 (93.7%) had microcephaly (14 at birth and 1 postnatally). The child with postnatally acquired microcephaly was born to a mother without exanthema during pregnancy. Fifty-six (77.8%) of the 72 children were followed for a median time of 24 months and none exhibited differences between admission and follow-up examinations. After logistic regression, only microcephaly at birth was associated with eye abnormalities (odds ratio, 77.015; 95% confidence interval, 8.85–670.38; p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWe observed that there was no progression of the lesions over the follow-up period. We also showed that the eye findings were associated only with microcephaly at birth. Attention should be paid to all children born during a ZIKV epidemic, regardless of maternal exanthema and/or microcephaly at birth.
Community-Level Risk Factors for Firearm Assault and Homicide: The Role of Local Firearm Dealers and Alcohol Outlets
Authors: Pear Veronica A. , Wintemute Garen J. , Jewell Nicholas P. , Cerdá Magdalena , Ahern Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Identifying community characteristics associated with firearm assault could facilitate prevention. We investigated the effect of community firearm dealer and alcohol outlet densities on individual risk of firearm assault injury.

Methods:
In this density-sampled case–control study of Californians, January 2005–September 2015, cases comprised all residents with a fatal or nonfatal firearm assault injury. For each month, we sampled controls from the state population in a 4:1 ratio with cases. Exposures were monthly densities of county-level pawn and nonpawn firearm dealers and ZIP code-level off-premises alcohol outlets and bars and pubs (“bars/pubs”). We used case–control-weighted G-computation to estimate risk differences (RD) statewide and among younger Black men, comparing observed exposure densities to hypothetical interventions setting these densities to low. We estimated additive interactions between firearm and alcohol retailer density. Secondary analyses examined interventions targeted to high exposure density or outcome burden areas.

Results:
There were 67,850 cases and 268,122 controls. Observed (vs. low) densities of pawn firearm dealers and off-premises alcohol outlets were individually associated with elevated monthly risk of firearm assault per 100,000 people (RDpawn dealers: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.08; RDoff-premises outlets: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03), but nonpawn firearm dealer and bar/pub density were not; models targeting only areas with the highest outcome burden were similar. Among younger Black men, estimates were larger. There was no interaction between firearm and alcohol retailer density.

Conclusions:
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that limiting pawn firearm dealers and off-premises alcohol outlet densities can reduce interpersonal firearm violence.
Kite Mastopexy: Small Scar and Tissue-conserving Technique
Authors: Cala Uribe Laura C. , Perez Pachon Mauricio , Villate Hernandez Andres , Zannin Ferrero Andreina 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Breasts are considered one of the most physically and sexually appealing features of the female body. Reduction/augmentation techniques have greatly evolved in the last decades.
We are reporting our experience with an innovative technique for mastopexy that recovers the aesthetics of the breast and avoids over-resection of its lower pole.

Methods:
Inclusion criteria were women who underwent kite mastopexy with or without implants between January 2018 and May 2022 in a single center (Bogota, Colombia). Exclusion criteria were patients with American Society of Anesthesiology score more than II, with any uncontrolled chronic illness and/or medical history of diabetic mellitus, metabolic syndrome, body mass index more than 32 kg per m2, and active smokers.

Results:
We found 133 consecutive female patients. Age range was 18 and 67 years (median 39). Breast implants were used for the purpose of kite mastopexy in 52% cases. Patients were divided into two groups: implants (group 1) versus no implants (group 2). Procedure 1 involved mastopexy without implants; procedure 2 included current implant users who underwent either implant removal or in whom implants were not used for the sake of mastopexy. Procedures 3 and 4 included patients who underwent either new implant placement or implant exchange, respectively. Average time of surgery was 1.5 hours. Minor complications were mostly related to wound dehiscence. No major complications were reported.

Conclusions:
Kite mastopexy restores the breast aesthetics by following specific markings, a new plication of breast pillars, and a reduced scar. Our technique demonstrates a very low rate of complications while entailing natural and appealing results.
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Correlates With Lifestyle and Health in Long-Haul Truck Drivers
Authors: Shaw Keely A. , Zello Gordon A. , Crizzle Alexander M. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
This study examined and compared the association between body mass index (BMI) and BMI with waist circumference (WC) on lifestyle measure and health outcomes in Canadian long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs).

Methods
Two hundred LHTDs completed a survey on diet and physical activity, and participated in objective measures of height, weight, WC, and blood pressure.

Results
More than half of the sample was classified as obese (57%). Body mass index risk was significantly associated with poorer health (P < 0.05), increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased body fat (P < 0.001), and sleep apnea (P < 001). When BMI + WC was used, additional significant associations were observed with age, years of experience, eating breakfast, and hypertension and malignancy.

Conclusion
Body mass index + WC is a more sensitive measure in assessing cardiometabolic risk in LHTDs than using BMI alone.
Association of Receipt of Systemic Treatment for Melanoma With Insurance Type in North Carolina
Authors: Adamson Adewole S. , Jackson Bradford E. , Baggett Christopher D. , Thomas Nancy E. , Haynes Alex B. , Pignone Michael P. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Previous studies of hospital-based patients with metastatic melanoma suggest sociodemographic factors, including insurance type, may be associated with the receipt of systemic treatments.

Objectives:
To examine whether insurance type is associated with the receipt of systemic treatment among patients with melanoma in a broad cohort of patients in North Carolina.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 2011 and 2017 of patients with stages III–IV melanoma using data from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry linked to Medicare, Medicaid, and private health insurance claims across the state. The primary outcome was the receipt of any systemic treatment, and the secondary outcome was the receipt of immunotherapy.

Results:
A total of 372 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 68 years old (interquartile range: 56–76) and 61% were male. Within the cohort 48% had Medicare only, 29% had private insurance, 12% had both Medicare and Medicaid, and 11% had Medicaid only. A total of 186 (50%) patients received systemic treatment for melanoma, 125 (67%) of whom received immunotherapy. The use of systemic therapy, including immunotherapy, increased significantly over time. Having Medicaid-only insurance was independently associated with a 45% lower likelihood of receiving any systemic treatment [0.55 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.85)] and a 43% lower likelihood of receipt of immunotherapy [0.57 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.95)] compared with private insurance.

Conclusions:
Stage III–IV melanoma patients with Medicaid-only insurance were less likely to receive systemic therapy or immunotherapy than patients with private insurance or Medicare insurance. This finding raises concerns about insurance-based disparities in treatment access.
Renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension and kidney disease
Authors: Camafort Miguel , Ihm Sang Hyun , Ruilope Luis Miguel 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Hypertension is a condition characterized by increased sympathetic activity and the autonomic nervous system. Resistant hypertension, a condition with a prevalence of 10% to 20% in the general hypertensive population, is more likely to experience poor outcomes and adverse cardiovascular events. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), a minimally invasive, catheter-based percutaneous intervention, has been considered for treating this condition. Clinical trials have used various catheters, such as the Symplicity Spyral catheter, Vessix Renal Denervation system, and Paradise endovascular ultrasound renal denervation system.

Recent findings
After the first randomized clinical trials examining the effectiveness and safety of RDN for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients, new clinical trials have used various catheters based on radiofrequency, such as the Spyral catheter, Vessix Renal Denervation system, or based on radiofrequency as the Paradise endovascular ultrasound renal denervation system. Positive results on this trials have shown that endovascular RDN (radiofrequency energy or high focused ultrasound energy) could be considered as a treatment option for uncontrolled resistant hypertension.

Summary
Therefore, endovascular RDN (radiofrequency energy or high focused ultrasound energy) could be considered as a treatment option for uncontrolled resistant hypertension, which can be considered as an alternative to increasing medication. Nevertheless more data are needed, mainly in cardiovascular outcomes. RDN should be performed in experienced and specialized centers with a multidisciplinary team, and the benefits and risks of RDN should be addressed in a shared-decision-making process.
Improving liver transplant outcomes with transplant-omics and network biology
Authors: Scarpa Joseph 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Molecular omics data is increasingly ubiquitous throughout medicine. In organ transplantation, recent large-scale research efforts are generating the ‘transplant-ome’ – the entire set of molecular omics data, including the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Importantly, early studies in anesthesiology have demonstrated how perioperative interventions alter molecular profiles in various patient populations. The next step for anesthesiologists and intensivists will be to tailor perioperative care to the transplant-ome of individual liver transplant patients.

Recent findings
In liver transplant patients, elements of the transplant-ome predict complications and point to novel interventions. Importantly, molecular profiles of both the donor organ and recipient contribute to this risk, and interventions like normothermic machine perfusion influence these profiles. As we can now measure various omics molecules simultaneously, we can begin to understand how these molecules interact to form molecular networks and emerging technologies offer noninvasive and continuous ways to measure these networks throughout the perioperative period. Molecules that regulate these networks are likely mediators of complications and actionable clinical targets throughout the perioperative period.

Summary
The transplant-ome can be used to tailor perioperative care to the individual liver transplant patient. Monitoring molecular networks continuously and noninvasively would provide new opportunities to optimize perioperative management.
Supporting and Uplifting New and Diverse Scientists in HIV Research (San Diego SUN): A Research Education and Training Program to Promote the Success of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Fellows
Authors: Pitpitan Eileen V. , Campbell Chadwick K. , Zúñiga María Luisa , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Stockman Jamila K. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
We implemented a mentored research education and training program for underrepresented minorities (URMs) and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) predoctoral and postdoctoral fellows called San Diego SUN (SD SUN): Supporting and Uplifting New and Diverse Scientists in HIV Research. The SD SUN program aimed to prepare fellows for an academic career trajectory in HIV science focused on ameliorating HIV-related disparities in communities of color.

Setting:
The program leveraged a strong interinstitutional collaboration between San Diego State University and the University of California, San Diego, that share commitments to diversity, equity, and inclusion and an established history of training programs for URM/BIPOC investigators.

Methods:
During a 9-month training period, launched in February 2022, fellows supported by a mentoring team completed ten 3-hour training sessions (core curriculum) and a mentored research project. The curriculum included seminars on building skills for a productive academic research career and reflective discussions around issues uniquely faced by URM/BIPOC investigators. Standardized measures developed for Center for AIDS Research Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pipeline Initiative (eg, around benefits gained) were used to evaluate the program.

Results:
Six fellows participated in the SD SUN program. The results demonstrated a successful first year. Fellows were highly engaged and reported positive experiences, satisfaction with their mentor(s), various benefits gained from the program, and gains in numerous skillsets.

Conclusions:
Challenges were faced during implementation (eg, teaching grant writing to fellows at different skill levels). Time constraints were reported by some faculty mentors with limited bandwidth. We describe insights and solutions to the major challenges to sustaining the successful SD SUN program.
Texas Developmental Center for AIDS Research CFAR Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative Program
Authors: Pereira Fred A. , Newell Alana D. , Rice Andrew P. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The Texas Developmental Center for AIDS Research (D-CFAR) diversity program, termed the CFAR Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Pathway Initiative (CDEIPI), was created in 2021 to engage high school students and graduate students from Underrepresented Minorities/Black, Indigenous, and People of Color populations.

Setting:
The Texas D-CFAR CDEIPI has partnered with 2 Texas high schools with predominantly economically disadvantaged and minority student populations—Michael E. DeBakey High School for Health Professions in Houston, TX, and the South Texas Independent School District Medical Professions High School in Olmito, TX in the Rio Grande Valley.

Methods:
A total of 370 high school student learners at both partner schools participated in presentations of research and career paths related to HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 during the 2021–2022 academic year. Afterward, learners completed anonymous surveys to share their self-reported interest in research degrees and careers.

Results:
Learners reported increased knowledge of related science content and interest in research careers, including HIV-1 research, after each of the sessions.

Conclusions:
The programming has been of interest to student learners, and future additions intend to build upon the Texas D-CFAR CDEIPI.
An Immuno-Epidemiological Model of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in the African Buffalo Population with Carrier Transmission
Authors: Atkins Summer , Gulbudak Hayriye , Welker J. Shane , Smith Houston 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that spreads among cloven-hoofed animals. Although not deadly, FMD can cause major delays in meat and dairy production. One major concern is that the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can persist in African buffalo hosts as natural reservoirs for long periods of time, causing the pathogens to reemerge in susceptible populations. In this paper, we present a novel immuno-epidemiological model of FMD in the African buffalo host populations. Upon infection, the hosts can undergo two phases, namely the acute and the carrier stages. In our model, we divide the infectious population based upon these two stages so that we can dynamically capture the immunological characteristics of both phases of the disease to better understand the carrier’s role in disease transmission. We first define the within-host viral-immune kinetics dependent epidemiological basic reproduction numberℛ0and show that it is a threshold condition for the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium and existence of the endemic equilibrium. We also analytically show that the system always displays forward bifurcation with respect to between-host epidemic parameters. Later, by using a sensitivity analysis (SA) approach developed for multi-scale models, we assess the impact of the acute infection and carrier phase immunological parameters onℛ0. Interestingly, our numerical results show that the within-carrier infected host immune kinetics parameters and the susceptible individual recruitment rates play significant roles in disease persistence, which are consistent with experimental and field studies.
Plasticity state-dependent changes in visual cortex parvalbumin interneuron mRNA translation and chromatin
Authors: Benacom David , Chataing Camille , Apulei Jessica , Queguiner Isabelle , Prochiantz Alain , Di Nardo Ariel A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe juvenile brain is shaped by critical periods of heightened plasticity whose timing is regulated by the maturation of parvalbumin interneurons. Gene expression during brain developmental is regulated by neuronal activity, which can trigger the formation of DNA double-strand breaks on early response genes regulatory elements. To determine if critical period plasticity induces double-strand breaks (γH2AX foci) and alters chromatin structure (DAPI foci) of parvalbumin cells, we analyzed the primary visual cortex of mice at peak ocular dominance plasticity (postnatal day P30) and in the non-plastic adult (at P90-P100). We also measured the expression of LINE-1 retrotransposons, known to induce double-strand breaks. Foci numbers and LINE-1 Orf1p expression were increased at P30 specifically in parvalbumin cells. TRAP-based RNA sequencing confirmed that LINE-1 translation in parvalbumin cells is activated at P30 compared to P100. ChABC injections in primary visual cortex were performed to determine whether reopened adult plasticity recapitulates the P30 translatome of parvalbumin cells. While the P30 TRAP was enriched for ion channel, postsynaptic membrane, and extracellular matrix components, the ChABC P100 TRAP was enriched for cytoskeletal structure and receptor binding proteins. Furthermore, ChABC treatment did not alter foci distribution or LINE-1 translation. These results suggest that juvenile critical periods promote genomic instability in parvalbumin cells and that adult plasticity reopened by ChABC is distinct from critical period plasticity.
Disrupted cerebellar structural connectome in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 and its association with transcriptional profiles
Authors: Dong Xinyi , Liu Bing , Huang Weijie , Chen Haojie , Zhang Yunhao , Shmuel Amir , Yao Zeshan , Ma Guolin , Shu Ni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is primarily characterized by progressive cerebellar degeneration, including gray matter atrophy and disrupted anatomical and functional connectivity of the cerebellum. The alterations of topological organization of cerebellar white matter structural network in SCA3 and the underlying neurobiological mechanism remain unknown. Using a cohort of 20 patients with SCA3 and 20 healthy controls, we constructed cerebellar structural networks from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and investigated alterations of topological organization. Then we mapped the alterations with transcriptome data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to identify possible biological mechanisms for regional selective vulnerability to white matter damage. Compared with healthy controls, decreased global and nodal efficiency, and widely distributed decreased edge strength were observed in SCA3 patients. The regions with decreased nodal global efficiency were mainly located in cerebellar anterior lobe, and the genes express higher in these regions were significantly enriched in synapse-related biological processes. The regions with decreased nodal local efficiency were mainly located in cerebellar posterior lobe, and the higher gene expression in these regions were significantly enriched in metabolic biological processes. Similar hub distributions were found in two groups of subjects, whereas the strengths of rich-club and feeder connections were lower in SCA3 patients. Moreover, strength of the inter-module connections was lower in SCA3 group and negatively correlated with SARA score, ICARS score, and CAG repeat number. These findings suggest a mechanism of white matter vulnerability and a potential image biomarker for the disease severity, providing insights into neurodegeneration and pathogenesis in this disease.