bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sports intervention on aggression in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yahui , Zhu Hao , Chu Kequn , Zheng Yue , Zhu Fengshu 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To explore the impact of sports on aggression in children and adolescents and analyze whether different conditions in the intervention, such as type of sports, or intervention duration, have different influences on the effect of interventions.

Method
The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022361024). We performed a systematic search of Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase and Scopus databases from database inception to 12 October 2022 for all studies written in English. Studies were included if they met the following PICO criteria. All analyses were carried out using the Review Manager 5.3 Software. We summarized aggression, hostility and anger scores using SMDs. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird random effects model or fixed effects model according to between-study heterogeneity.

Results
A total of 15 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. The overall mean effect size indicated that sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.69 to −0.06], P = 0.020; I2 = 88%). Subgroup analyses showed that non-contact sports were associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI [−1.17 to −0.13], P = 0.020; I2 = 92%) but high-contact sports were not (SMD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.55 to 0.25], P = 0.470; I2 = 79%). In addition, when intervention duration <6 months, sport interventions was associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.99, 95% CI [−1.73 to −0.26], P = 0.008; I2 = 90%) and when intervention duration ≥ 6 months, sport interventions was not associated with lower aggression (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.44 to −0.28], P = 0.660; I2 = 87%).

Conclusion
This review confirmed that sports intervention can reduce the aggression of children and adolescents. We suggested that schools can organize young people to participate in low-level, non-contact sports to reduce the occurrence of bullying, violence and other aggression-related adverse events. Additional studies are needed to determine which other variables are associated with aggression in children and adolescents, in order to develop a more detailed and comprehensive intervention programme to reduce their aggression.
The behavior of sympatric sea urchin species across an ecosystem state gradient
Authors: Belleza Dominic Franco C. , Urae Takeshi , Tanimae Shin-ichiro , Toyama Kento , Isoda Akari , Nishihara Gregory N. 
Published: June 2023

Background
In temperate macroalgal forests, sea urchins are considered as a keystone species due to their grazing ability. Given their potential to shape benthic communities, we monitored the habitat use by three sympatric sea urchin species and compared their behaviors in a vegetated habitat (VH) and an adjacent isoyake habitat (IH).

Methods
We monitored the environmental conditions and sea urchin density along deep and shallow transects of the VH and IH for over a year. The benthic rugosity at both sites were also surveyed. A mark-recapture experiment was conducted on the two most abundant sea urchins, Diadema setosum and Heliocidaris crassispina, to elucidate sea urchin movement patterns and group dynamics.

Results
We found that exposure to waves was highest at the VH while the IH was sheltered. The deep IH experienced the least amount of light due to high turbidity. Water temperature patterns were similar across sites. The VH benthic topography was more rugose compared to the smoother and silt-covered IH substate. Peak macroalgal bloom occurred three months earlier in IH, but macroalgae persisted longer at the shallow VH. Among the sympatric sea urchins, H. crassispina was most abundant at the shallow VH and was observed in pits and crevices. The most abundant across IH and in the deep VH was D. setosum, preferring either crevices or free-living, depending on hydrodynamic conditions. The least abundant species was D. savignyi, and most often observed in crevices. Small and medium sea urchins were most often observed at the IH site, whereas larger sea urchins were more likely observed at the VH. The mark-recapture study showed that D. setosum was found to displace further at the IH, and H. crassispina was more sedentary. Additionally, D. setosum was always observed in groups, whereas H. crassispina was always solitary.

Discussion
The behaviors of sympatric urchins, Diadema savignyi, D. setosum and H. crassispina, differed in response to changes in the benthic environment and physical conditions. Sea urchin displacement increased when rugosity and wave action were low. Habitat preference shifted to crevices in seasons with high wave action. In general, the mark-recapture experiment showed that sea urchins displaced further at night.
Pacemaker Infective Endocarditis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Particularities in 2 Case Reports Including One of the Left Heart
Authors: Seydou Harouna Idrissa , Noel Maschell Mahoungou-Mackonia , Taher Fadoul Adam Fadoul , Brahim Nassour , Meryem Haboub , Arous Salim , Bennouna El Ghali , Abdessamad Drighil , Leila Azzouzi , Rachida Habbal 
Published: June 2023

Pacemaker infective endocarditis is a more real diagnostic problem than a therapeutic one. The precise impact is not well known. Its incidence is poorly known, and it is a serious infection with an estimated mortality of around 25%. It is with this in mind that we report 2 clinical cases with a literature review.
Case 1: An 88-year-old patient with a double chamber pacemaker was admitted for febrile syndrome with a fever at 39.2°. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) found an image of vegetation on the aortic valve measuring 9mm, located on the noncoronary cusp, and overflowing on the right coronary cusp. An inflammatory syndrome was found on blood tests. Blood culture, wound swab culture, and bacteriological study of material after removal revealed Staphylococcus Aureus Meti S. The patient was initially put on Vancomycin with a loading dose of 2g / 24h then 1g / 24h, and the pacemaker was extracted.
Case 2: A 68-year-old with a double chamber pacemaker (PM) was admitted for fever at 39 ° c with suppuration of the PM pocket. Echocardiography identified an image on the tricuspid valve measuring 14x8 mm evoking vegetation given the context. Two blood cultures and swabs isolated a Staphylococcus aureus. The patient was administered Triaxon 2g / day for 4 weeks and gentamycin 180 mg for 15 days. The pacemaker was removed.
Pacemaker Infective endocarditis is rare, poorly understood, very serious, and potentially fatal, accounting for up to about 7% in some case series. In half of the cases, they affect the endocavitary leads, but also the valves, and in 45% of cases the infection of the pocket. The average age is 65 years. The clinical symptoms are disparate making the diagnosis more difficult, it must be evoked in case of unexplained fever in a patient implanted with a Pacemaker. Bactericidal dual therapy should be administered after blood cultures in case of strong suspicion of infective endocarditis (IE) and adapted after identification of the germ in question. Most authors are adamant about extracting any pacemaker whenever possible.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaves (Boiled Extract) on Albino Wistar Rats – in vivo Study
Authors: Nneoyi-Egbe Ada Francesca , Onyenweaku Eridiong , Akpanukoh Andyno 
Published: June 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of boiled Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves on serum liver enzymes after the administration of alcohol-induced liver damage in Albino Wistar rats.
Study Design: Experimental.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar (from June to August, 2021).
Methodology: Fresh Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves collected were washed thoroughly with clean water and allowed to dry at room temperature for 2 hours. The leaves were boiled at 100oC to obtain a boiled extract from the fresh leaves. Alcohol and leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum were administered orally for a period of one week each. The rats in group 2 and 3 were induced with sub-chronic liver damage orally using a commonly available alcoholic beverage, blended whiskey at a dose of 1.5 ml per body weight for a period of one week while the rats in group 3 were given boiled leaf extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum for one week. At the end of the two weeks treatment period, the rats were weighed and sacrificed and their blood collected for analysis (liver function test).
Results: The animals administered with alcohol suffered mild hepatic damage. The negative control group which was administered only alcohol, had an increase in ALT when compared to the normal control. The group treated with the extract had a decrease in ALT, AST and ALP levels when compared to the negative control. This suggests that the Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves contain pharmacologically active compounds that can reduce alcohol-induced liver damage.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The results show minimal anti-hepatotoxic activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves; the extract could be said to prevent liver damage induced by alcohol toxicity. Further study in the area of pharmacology is required in order to establish this natural product as an anti-hepatotoxic agent.
Comparison of Work Patterns Between Physicians and Advanced Practice Practitioners in Primary Care and Specialty Practice Settings
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Apathy Nate , Edgman-Levitan Susan , Landon Bruce 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceDespite the increasing involvement of advanced practice practitioners (APPs; ie, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) in care delivery across specialties, the work patterns of APPs compared with physicians and how they are integrated into care teams have not been well characterized.ObjectiveTo characterize differences between physicians and APPs across specialty types related to days with appointments, visit types seen, and time spent using the electronic health record (EHR).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, cross-sectional study used EHR data from physicians and APPs (ie, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) at all US institutions that used Epic Systems’ EHR between January and May 2021. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 to April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAppointment scheduling patterns, percentage of new and established and level of evaluation and management (E/M) visits, and EHR use metrics per day and week.ResultsThe sample consisted of 217 924 clinicians across 389 organizations, including 174 939 physicians and 42 985 APPs. Although primary care physicians were more likely than APPs to have more than 3 days per week with appointments (50 921 physicians [79.5%] vs 17 095 APPs [77.9%]), this trend was reversed for medical (38 645 physicians [64.8%] vs 8124 APPs [74.0%]) and surgical (24 155 physicians [47.1%] vs 5198 APPs [51.7%]) specialties. Medical and surgical specialty physicians saw 6.7 and 7.4 percentage points, respectively, more new patient visits than did their APP counterparts, whereas primary care physicians saw 2.8 percentage points fewer new patient visits than did APPs. Physicians saw a greater percentage of level 4 or 5 visits across all specialties. Medical and surgical physicians spent 34.3 and 45.8 fewer minutes per day, respectively, using the EHR than did APPs in their specialties, whereas primary care physicians spent 17.7 minutes per day more. These differences translated to primary care physicians spending 96.3 minutes more per week using the EHR than APPs, whereas medical and surgical physicians spent 149.9 and 140.7 fewer minutes, respectively, than did their APP counterparts.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional, national study of clinicians found significant differences in visit and EHR patterns for physicians compared with APPs across specialty types. By underscoring the different current usage of physicians vs APPs across specialty types, this study helps place into context the work and visit patterns of physicians compared with APPs and serves as a foundation for evaluations of clinical outcomes and quality.
A systematic map of cassava farming practices and their agricultural and environmental impacts using new ontologies: Agri‐ontologies 1.0
Authors: Hood Amelia S. C. , Shackelford Gorm E. , Christie Alec P. , Usieta Hope O. , Martin Philip A. , Sutherland William J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Cassava is consumed by 800 million people and is a staple crop in Africa. Its production may increase under climate change due to its high drought tolerance. We produced a systematic map of scientific studies about cassava farming practices, with the aim of identifying knowledge gaps and clusters. Our secondary aim was to develop a classification system for [1] farming interventions and [2] agricultural, economic and environmental outcomes. Standardised classification systems facilitate data reuse, including for evidence synthesis, and promote research efficiency.

Following our published protocol, we searched eight publication databases using the search string ‘cassava OR mandioca OR manihot OR manioc OR yuca’ in December 2017. We screened 36,580 records and included publications that measured the impact of cassava farming practices on agricultural, economic or environmental outcomes, including yield, soil, water, wildlife and labour. We classified the resultant 1599 publications by interventions, outcomes, location, study year and study design. We assessed coding consistency using Kappa scores.

We found regional knowledge clusters (Nigeria, Columbia and Brazil accounted for 45.5% of country occurrences) and gaps (e.g. the Democratic Republic of Congo). There were knowledge clusters for interventions testing cultivar type, fertiliser use and diversifying crop rotations and outcomes related to crop production (e.g. yield/biomass). We found knowledge gaps for environmental interventions and outcomes (e.g. 5% of studies measured pollutants or wildlife). In terms of study design, reporting standards were poor (e.g. 24% of studies did not report start dates), average study duration was 2 years, and average publication delays were 4 years. The Kappa scores indicated that we successfully developed consistent ontologies (named Agri‐ontologies 1.0). The map and ontologies are available online: https://www.metadataset.com/.

This systematic map of cassava farming practices can direct researchers and funders to knowledge gaps that need addressing, and reviewers to knowledge clusters for synthesis. Better research practices should be promoted within cassava research, as poor reporting standards, short study durations and long publication delays result in an ineffective research environment. This systematic map provides an evidence base for cassava production and the ontologies (Agri‐ontologies 1.0) can be applied to other systems to facilitate more efficient and effective synthesis.
Ktesibios (Ctesibius) of Alexandria
Authors: Irby Georgia L. , Petrovic Ivana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Ktesibios of Alexandria was a third‐century
bce
innovator who employed pneumatics and hydraulics to invent and improve mechanical devices, including water pumps (for fighting large‐scale fires), water organs, the water clock, the pneumatic catapult, and entertaining mechanical devices.
Famine and food shortages, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Manley Bill 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Because of the constancy of the River Nile, Egyptian farmland is exceptionally fertile, and the food supply was mostly dependable throughout ancient history. During the Pharaonic and Ptolemaic periods, there is stronger evidence connecting known food shortages to political instability than to climatic causes, such as the unpredictability of the Nile inundation.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[b,f]azepines via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade [4 + 3] Annulation of o‐Alkenyl Bromoarenes and o‐Bromoaniline Derivatives
Authors: Zhan Xin‐Chen , Lin Guo‐Qiang , Fu Jian‐Guo , Ji Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Shu‐Sheng , Feng Chen‐Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA cascade [4+3] annulation of o‐alkenyl bromoarenes and o‐bromoaniline derivatives was described. Various dibenzo[b,f]azepines with substitutions on the 10/11 position were obtained in 14–97% yields. The synthetic versatility of this protocol is highlighted by the preparation of a precursor of the drug molecule oxcarbazepine, a gram‐scale synthesis, and two product transformations. Unlike previous amination/Heck sequence, this cascade process is supposed to undergo a C(vinyl), C(aryl)‐palladacycle involved pathway.
Efficient Metabolic Fingerprinting of Follicular Fluid Encodes Ovarian Reserve and Fertility
Authors: Wu Jiao , Liang Chunmei , Wang Xin , Huang Yida , Liu Wanshan , Wang Ruimin , Cao Jing , Su Xun , Yin Tao , Wang Xiaolei , Zhang Zhikang , Shen Lingchao , Li Danyang , Zou Weiwei , Wu Ji , Qiu Lihua , Di Wen , Cao Yunxia , Ji Dongmei , Qian Kun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOvarian reserve (OR) and fertility are critical in women's healthcare. Clinical methods for encoding OR and fertility rely on the combination of tests, which cannot serve as a multi‐functional platform with limited information from specific biofluids. Herein, metabolic fingerprinting of follicular fluid (MFFF) from follicles is performed, using particle‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (PALDI‐MS) to encode OR and fertility. PALDI‐MS allows efficient MFFF, showing fast speed (≈30 s), high sensitivity (≈60 fmol), and desirable reproducibility (coefficients of variation <15%). Further, machine learning of MFFF is applied to diagnose diminished OR (area under the curve of 0.929) and identify high‐quality oocytes/embryos (p < 0.05) by a single PALDI‐MS test. Meanwhile, metabolic biomarkers from MFFF are identified, which also determine oocyte/embryo quality (p < 0.05) from the sampling follicles toward fertility prediction in clinics. This approach offers a powerful platform in women's healthcare, not limited to OR and fertility.
Super‐Low‐Dose Functional and Molecular Photoacoustic Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Chen Jiangbo , Zhang Jie , Zhu Jingyi , Liu Chao , Sun Hongyan , Wang Lidai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic microscopy can image many biological molecules and nano‐agents in vivo via low‐scattering ultrasonic sensing. Insufficient sensitivity is a long‐standing obstacle for imaging low‐absorbing chromophores with less photobleaching or toxicity, reduced perturbation to delicate organs, and more choices of low‐power lasers. Here, the photoacoustic probe design is collaboratively optimized and a spectral‐spatial filter is implemented. A multi‐spectral super‐low‐dose photoacoustic microscopy (SLD‐PAM) is presented that improves the sensitivity by ≈33 times. SLD‐PAM can visualize microvessels and quantify oxygen saturation in vivo with ≈1% of the maximum permissible exposure, dramatically reducing potential phototoxicity or perturbation to normal tissue function, especially in imaging of delicate tissues, such as the eye and the brain. Capitalizing on the high sensitivity, direct imaging of deoxyhemoglobin concentration is achieved without spectral unmixing, avoiding wavelength‐dependent errors and computational noises. With reduced laser power, SLD‐PAM can reduce photobleaching by ≈85%. It is also demonstrated that SLD‐PAM achieves similar molecular imaging quality using 80% fewer contrast agents. Therefore, SLD‐PAM enables the use of a broader range of low‐absorbing nano‐agents, small molecules, and genetically encoded biomarkers, as well as more types of low‐power light sources in wide spectra. It is believed that SLD‐PAM offers a powerful tool for anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging.
Open cultivation of microorganisms in water‐in‐oil Pickering emulsions stabilized by stearate microparticles
Authors: Mazlan Muhammad Waffieq Syarafuddin bin , Hanibuchi Sayu , Tokoro Yuka , Aiki Kazuma , Sawai Jun , Imai Masanao , Naoe Kazumitsu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report a long‐term open cultivation of model microorganisms in water‐in‐oil (W/O) Pickering emulsions stabilized by food‐grade calcium stearate microparticles without contamination. W/O Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared using calcium stearate microparticles in tetradecane. Effect of microparticle concentration on the emulsion's Sauter mean diameter was investigated at various hold‐ups. As a result, the smaller the hold‐up, the smaller was the change in Sauter mean diameter due to the microparticle concentration. It was found that Sauter mean diameter of the emulsions was almost constant for 2 months. Model microorganisms Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis solubilized in the emulsion were stationary cultivated in the air‐exposed state. The viable cell ratio temporarily decreased at the beginning of cultivation but then increased continuously with cultivation time after 28 days. Furthermore, there were no contamination for 28 days in the air‐exposed state of the emulsion solution containing a culture medium without microorganisms. It was also shown that the growth rate of the microorganisms in the emulsion system is significantly lower than those in conventional cultivation systems. Thus, the calcium stearate Pickering W/O emulsion system is suitable for a long‐term “open” cultivation of microorganisms without the use of any special equipment such as a jar‐fermenter.
Effect of hard segment chemistry and structure on the self‐healing properties of UV‐curable coatings based on the urethane acrylates with built‐in Diels–Alder adduct
Authors: Bednarczyk Paulina , Mozelewska Karolina , Nowak Małgorzata , Klebeko Joanna , Rokicka Joanna , Ossowicz‐Rupniewska Paula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of new photoreactive resins to obtain smart coatings and enhance the self‐healing (SH) properties of photoreactive resins has attracted great interest in the past few years, and the investigation of the relationship between phase structure and smart properties is necessary. Herein, four types of urethane acrylate resins with built‐in DA structures with different hard segment structures, and a slight change in the length of the polyol soft segment were prepared. The hard segments were made of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with a linear structure and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with an alicyclic structure, and the soft segments consisted of polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000, respectively). The obtained resins were used to prepare polymer films that were cured using UV radiation. The coatings obtained in this way were tested for the influence of the polymer chain architecture on the kinetics of photopolymerization, the properties of the cured coatings, as well as the thermal characteristics and thermoreversibility performance of the cured coatings and their SH ability.