bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ru(II) Complexes with Protic‐ and Anionic‐Naked‐NHC Ligands for Cooperative Activation of Small Molecules**
Authors: Nath Shambhu , Yadav Ekta , Raghuvanshi Abhinav , Singh Amrendra K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA set of ruthenium(II)‐protic‐N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes, [Ru(NNCH)(PPh3)2(X)]Cl (1, X=Cl and2, X=H) and their deprotonated forms [Ru(NNC)(PPh3)2(X)] (1’, X=Cl and2’, X=H), in which NNC is a new unsymmetrical pincer ligand, are reported. The four complexes are interconvertible by simple acid‐base chemistry. The combined theoretical and spectroscopic investigations indicate charge segregation in anionic‐NHC complexes (1’ and2’) and can be described from a Lewis pair perspective. The chemical reactivity of deprotonated complex1’ shows cooperative small molecule activation. Complex1’ activates H−H bond of hydrogen, C(sp3)‐I bond of iodomethane, and C(sp)‐H bond of phenylacetylene. The activation of CO2using anionic NHC complex1’ at moderate temperature and ambient pressure and subsequent conversion to formate is also described. All the new compounds have been characterized using ESI‐MS,1H,13C, and31P NMR spectroscopy. Molecular structures of1,2, and2’ have also been determined with single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The cooperative small molecule activation perspective broadens the scope of potential applications of anionic‐NHC complexes in small molecule activation, including the conversion of carbon dioxide to formate, a much sought after reaction in the renewable energy and sustainable development domains.
Understanding new colors in urban environments: Deciphering colors as semiotic resources
Authors: Yu Beichen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the start of the new millennium, more diverse color expressions have appeared in the design of urban environments, especially in global cities. In this article, the notion of “new colors” refers to the emergence of saturated colors and new ways of using them in urban environments globally. With the impact of globalization and the disengagement of color from local materials, existing color approaches seem to be insufficient to explain the dynamic changes in color design. To understand the emerging “new colors”, this article proposes viewing environmental color as a social semiotic resource. Adapted from Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen's social semiotic model of color, a model is developed to identify and explain “grammars of color” in environmental color design. With a particular focus on urban and landscape designs completed between 2000 and 2019, five main color practices of saturated colors were identified: branding and communication, urban interventions, sports and recreation, traffic environments, and historical and post‐industrial sites. The analysis of these main color practices and semiotic resources suggests that the saturated color's role in social communication is emphasized in the urban space nowadays. Furthermore, the emergence of saturated colors and the growth of new expressions of color in the urban environment may be driven by the needs and interests of different sociocultural groups.
Existence of constant mean curvature 2‐Spheres in Riemannian 3‐spheres
Authors: Cheng Da Rong , Zhou Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of branched immersed constant mean curvature (CMC) 2‐spheres in an arbitrary Riemannian 3‐sphere for almost every prescribed mean curvature, and moreover for all prescribed mean curvatures when the 3‐sphere is positively curved. To achieve this, we develop a min‐max scheme for a weighted Dirichlet energy functional. There are three main ingredients in our approach: a bi‐harmonic approximation procedure to obtain compactness of the new functional, a derivative estimate of the min‐max values to gain energy upper bounds for min‐max sequences for almost every choice of mean curvature, and a Morse index estimate to obtain another uniform energy bound required to reach the remaining constant mean curvatures in the presence of positive curvature.
Human metabolism and basic pharmacokinetic evaluation of AP‐238: A recently emerged acylpiperazine opioid
Authors: Brunetti Pietro , Berardinelli Diletta , Giorgetti Arianna , Schwelm Hannes Max , Haschimi Belal , Pelotti Susi , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Auwärter Volker 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a consequence of recently implemented legal restrictions on fentanyl analogs, a new generation of acylpiperazine opioids appeared on the illicit drug market. AP‐238 was the latest opioid in this series to be notified by the European Early Warning System in 2020 and was involved in an increasing number of acute intoxications. AP‐238 metabolism was investigated to provide useful markers of consumption. For the tentative identification of the main phase I metabolites, a pooled human liver microsome assay was performed. Further, four whole blood and two urine samples collected during post‐mortem examinations and samples from a controlled oral self‐administration study were screened for anticipated metabolites. In total, 12 AP‐238 phase I metabolites were identified through liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in the in vitro assay. All of these were confirmed in vivo, and additionally, 15 phase I and five phase II metabolites were detected in the human urine samples, adding up to a total of 32 metabolites. Most of these metabolites were also detected in the blood samples, although mostly with lower abundances. The main in vivo metabolites were built by hydroxylation combined with further metabolic reactions such as O‐methylation or N‐deacylation. The controlled oral self‐administration allowed us to confirm the usefulness of these metabolites as proof of intake in abstinence control. The detection of metabolites is often crucial to documenting consumption, especially when small traces of the parent drug can be found in real samples. The in vitro assay proved to be suitable for the prediction of valid biomarkers of novel synthetic opioid intake.
Time to clinical benefit of eplerenone among patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A subgroups analysis from the EMPHASIS‐HF trial
Authors: Monzo Luca , Girerd Nicolas , Duarte Kevin , Ferreira João Pedro , McMurray John J.V. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Swedberg Karl , Pocock Stuart J. , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez 
Published: June 2023

AimEplerenone reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with HF and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but it is still frequently underused in routine practice. We evaluated the time course of benefits of eplerenone after its initiation in HFrEF patients from the EMPHASIS‐HF trial.Methods and resultsThe EMPHASIS‐HF trial was a double‐blind randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of eplerenone in patients (n = 2737, mean age 68.6 ± 7.6 years, 22.3% women) with HFrEF and mild symptoms. The time trajectories for the effect of eplerenone versus placebo on the primary composite endpoint (cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for HF) were investigated using Cox proportional hazards models with truncated data at each day post‐randomization. A significant reduction in the primary composite endpoint was observed 26 days after randomization (hazard ratio 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–1.00, p = 0.049). Eplerenone was first associated with a significant reduction in the primary endpoint in 35 days or less in most subgroups, including patients with HF history ≥18 months (day 24), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min (day 12), ischaemic HF aetiology (day 28), age ≥65 years (day 28), narrow QRS (day 30), higher MAGGIC score (day 35), lower potassium (day 30), left ventricular ejection fraction ≥30% (day 28) or already treated with beta‐blockers (day 25).ConclusionsEplerenone provides statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefits shortly after treatment initiation in most patients, irrespective of clinical profile. This result reinforces the need for an early initiation of eplerenone in HFrEF, as part of rapidly instituting guideline‐directed medical therapy.
Neuroanatomy of lymphoid organs: Lessons learned from whole‐tissue imaging studies
Authors: Cao Ying , Chen Hongjie , Yang Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDecades of extensive research have documented the presence of neural innervations of sensory, sympathetic, or parasympathetic origin in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Such neural inputs can release neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to directly modulate the functions of various immune cells, which represents one of the essential aspects of the body's neuroimmune network. Notably, recent studies empowered by state‐of‐the‐art imaging techniques have comprehensively assessed neural distribution patterns in BM, thymus, spleen, and LNs of rodents and humans, helping clarify several controversies lingering in the field. In addition, it has become evident that neural innervations in lymphoid organs are not static but undergo alterations in pathophysiological contexts. This review aims to update the current information on the neuroanatomy of lymphoid organs obtained through whole‐tissue 3D imaging and genetic approaches, focusing on anatomical features that may designate the functional modulation of immune responses. Moreover, we discuss several critical questions that call for future research, which will advance our in‐depth understanding of the importance and complexity of neural control of lymphoid organs.
Recent advances, challenges, and perspective of copper‐based liquid‐like thermoelectric chalcogenides: A review
Authors: Basit Abdul , Xin Jiwu , Murtaza G. , Wei Lei , Hameed Abdul , Guoyu Wang , Dai Jiyan Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a group of emerging liquid‐like thermoelectric materials for waste heat recovery into useful energy, di‐chalcogenides Cu2(S, Se, Te) have been considered as superionic thermoelectric materials. Due to their highly disordered degree of Cu‐ion in the crystal lattice, Cu2(S, Se, Te) compounds can exhibit ultralow thermal conductivity, and in the meantime, their rigid sublattice can decently maintain the electrical performance, making them distinct from other state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric materials. This review summarizes the well‐designed strategies to realize the impressive performance in thermoelectric materials and their modules by linking the adopted approaches such as defect engineering, interfaces, nano‐porous inclusions, thin films, dislocations, nano‐inclusions, and polycrystalline bulks etc., with the moderate design of the device. Some recent reports are selected to outline the fundamentals, underlined challenges, outlooks, and future development of Cu2(S, Se, Te) liquid‐like thermoelectric materials. We expect that this review covers the needs of future researchers in choosing some potential materials to explore thermoelectricity and other efficient energy conversion technologies.image
Deep learning for check dam area extraction with optical images and digital elevation model: A case study in the hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Sun Liquan , Guo Huili , Wang Heming , Zhang Biao , Feng Hao , Wu Shufang , Siddique Kadambot H. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCheck dams are widely used on the Loess Plateau of China to control soil and water loss, develop agricultural land and improve watershed ecology. Detailed information on the spatial distribution of check dams and the area of dam land is critical for quantitatively evaluating hydrological and ecological effects, planning the construction of new dams and repairing damaged dams. Therefore, this research presents a method that integrates deep learning and geospatial analysis to facilitate the extraction of check dam areas in broad areas from high‐resolution Gaofen‐2 (GF‐2) multispectral imageries, including red (R), green (G), blue (B) and near‐infrared (NIR) bands and digital elevation model (DEM). First, we generated three datasets with different band combinations (RGB, RGB + NIR and RGB + DEM) using GF‐2 remote sensing images combined with Advanced Land Observing Satellite—the Phased Array type L‐band Synthetic Aperture Radar DEM data to determine the optimal data combination for dam area extraction. Next, four widely used semantic segmentation networks—Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), U‐Net, PSPNet and DeepLabv3+—were modified to support the arbitrary number of input channels and evaluated for check dam area extraction. Finally, the check dam candidate areas in the Yan River basin were extracted from DEM using geospatial analysis to optimize the dam area extraction results. The results showed that all deep learning (DL) models could extract dam areas quickly and accurately with mean intersection over union and overall accuracy values >85% and >98%, respectively. PSPNet had the best performance for testing datasets with different band combinations. We also found that the DL models in the RGB + DEM images had the best remote sensing image segmentation results, avoiding many miss‐classified pixels. The F1 scores in the RGB + DEM test dataset for FCN U‐Net, PSPNet and DeepLabv3+ reached up to 92%, or 3.3%, 2.3%, 1.9% and 3.1% higher than the corresponding values for RGB images. Potential check dam candidate regions (~3969 km2) were obtained for application analysis, which reduced the original area by 50%. The DL models for the RGB + DEM images were applied in the dam candidate regions, extracting 91.9 km2 of agricultural production dam land and 10.6 km2 of runoff and sediment silted dam land. The extraction results will facilitate quantitative analyses of check dams, improve the management of these structures and promote the efficiency of controlling soil losses.
Temporal changes in lahar sediment run‐off characteristics and run‐off coefficients in the Arimura River basin of Sakurajima volcano, Japan
Authors: Ersöz Timur , Haneda Kyoka , Kuribayashi Anna , Gonda Yutaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapid flowing nature of lahars can cause serious hazards in the proximal to distal areas of volcanoes. The accumulation of ash can form an impermeable layer on the ground and prevent the infiltration of precipitation. The surface water thus formed erodes the ash layer and causes the surface permeability to rise again. Over time, this accumulation and erosion sequence changes the lahar risk. Large numbers of lahars are observed each year around Sakurajima, which is known as one of the most active volcanoes in Japan. In this study, the temporal change of lahar sediment run‐off properties and run‐off coefficients have been investigated between 2015 and 2020 in the Arimura River basin of Sakurajima volcano, Japan. X Band Multi‐Parameter (XMP) radars are used to gather precipitation data in the basin. The sediment data have been obtained by Load, Vibration, Pressure (LVP) sensors, and a kinematic wave model is adopted to calculate surface run‐off. Lahars are categorized as regular and irregular considering the correspondence of measured and calculated waveforms of the hydrographs based on the kinematic wave model. Analyses reveal that run‐off coefficient changes depend on the volcanic activity and decreases after an irregular lahar compared with a previous regular lahar. LVP sensor analysis results show that sediment concentrations of the lahars change in time. It is found that irregular and regular lahars are distinct in terms of velocity and sediment concentrations. It is estimated that irregular lahars carry larger material than regular lahars based on the vibration data. This study underlines that the properties of lahars change over time under the influence of ash fall thickness, and these changes can be detected in detail with our kinematic wave model and LVP sensors.
Effects of resveratrol on tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury in aged male mice: Role of autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Song Xiaogang , Wei Chao , Huang Hui , Cao Xingdan , Chen Ziyi , Chen Yongqing , Wu Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAged myocardium is more susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in cardiac I/R injury. However, whether resveratrol can reduce the I/R vulnerability of aged myocardium by regulating apoptosis and autophagy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the tolerance to I/R injury in aged male mice and to determine the contribution of apoptosis and autophagy. We used aged C57 mice as our research subjects. The hearts of mice were isolated after 6 weeks of intragastric administration with resveratrol and subsequently perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer to produce the I/R model. We found that resveratrol alleviated cardiac I/R injury in aged mice, but not in SIRT1+/− mice. Aged mice exhibited decreased LC3 and Beclin1 expressions, which were significantly rescued by resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol decreased the expression of Bax and the activity of Caspase‐3, while increasing the expression of Bcl‐2 and the activity of SIRT1 in aged mouse hearts. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that resveratrol facilitated the binding of Bax to Bcl‐2 and the dissociation of Bcl‐2 from Beclin1 in aged mouse myocardium. Conversely, SIRT1 knockout enhanced the formation of the Beclin1/Bcl‐2 complex and disrupted the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Bax. The above results indicate that resveratrol can reduce the vulnerability of myocardial I/R injury in senile myocardium by inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating autophagy through the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
Belief distortion near 52W high and low: Evidence from Indian equity options market
Authors: Saurav Sumit , Agarwalla Sobhesh Kumar , Varma Jayanth R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine investors' behavioral biases and preferences in the options market near 52‐week high and low (52W‐H/L) using Indian options market data. We document that as the stock price approaches 52W high (low), the skewness of risk‐neutral density (RND), and out‐of‐the‐money (OTM) call volume decreases (increases), while OTM put volume increases (decreases). After crossing the 52W high (low), the skewness of RND and OTM call volume increases (decreases), while OTM put volume decreases (increases). The effects are economically large and significant. Our findings provide evidence consistent with the anchoring theory of belief distortion near 52W‐H/L. There is no evidence of preference distortion, contrary to what prospect theory predicts.
The effect of H2S content on acid gas migration and storage in shale reservoir by numerical simulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Ning , Li Qi , Chen Pingzhi , Wei Xiaochen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcid gas injection is one of the most effective strategies to deal with waste gas generated during the development of sour oil and gas reservoirs. This study numerically investigates the effect of H2S content on the acid gas migration and storage in shale reservoirs. The results indicate that the variations of acid gas density, viscosity, solubility, relative permeability, and capillary pressure caused by different H2S contents have great influence on the acid gas plume migration. When acid gas is in gas state, the maximum horizontal flow appears at the lower part of the reservoir after 5 years, and the horizontal migration distance first decreases and then remains unchanged with the increase of H2S content. Hereafter, the maximum horizontal migration distance appears at the top of the reservoir, and the horizontal migration distance first increases and then remains unchanged with the increase of H2S content. When acid gas is in liquid state, the maximum horizontal migration distance appears at the lower part of the reservoir in the early stage of injection. The horizontal migration distance decreases with the increase of H2S content. Subsequently, the maximum horizontal migration distance first decreases and then increases. The vertical migration distance increases gradually with the increase of H2S content until the acid gas reaches the top of the reservoir, and then the vertical migration distance remains unchanged. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex on voluntary emotion regulation of social pain
Authors: Yu Wenwen , Li Yiwei , Cao Xueying , Mo Licheng , Chen Yuming , Zhang Dandan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) is highly engaged in emotion regulation of social pain. However, there is still lack of both inhibition and excitement evidence to prove the causal relationship between this brain region and voluntary emotion regulation. This study used high‐frequency (10 Hz) and low‐frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to separately activate or inhibit the rVLPFC in two groups of participants. We recorded participants' emotion ratings as well as their social attitude and prosocial behaviors following emotion regulation. Also, we used eye tracker to record the changes of pupil diameter to measure emotional feelings objectively. A total of 108 healthy participants were randomly assigned to the activated, inhibitory or sham rTMS groups. They were required to accomplish three sequential tasks: the emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) task, the favorability rating task, and the donation task. Results show that the rVLPFC‐inhibitory group reported more negative emotions and showed larger pupil diameter while the rVLPFC‐activated group showed less negative emotions and reduced pupil diameter during emotion regulation (both compared with the sham rTMS group). In addition, the activated group gave more positive social evaluation to peers and donated more money to a public welfare activity than the rVLPFC‐inhibitory group, among which the change of social attitude was mediated by regulated emotion. Taken together, these findings reveal that the rVLPFC plays a causal role in voluntary emotion regulation of social pain and can be a potential brain target in treating deficits of emotion regulation in psychiatric disorders.
Iguratimod efficacy in palindromic rheumatism treatment
Authors: Yuan Fangfang , He Junhong , Luo Jing , Zhang Xin , Lin Jixia , Chen Yahui , Huang Haiyan , Yang Qiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a new immunomodulator for rheumatoid arthritis, iguratimod (IGU) also has therapeutic potential in other immune diseases. In this study, we determined the effects of IGU on disease control in patients with palindromic rheumatism (PR).MethodsPatients with PR were divided into Control group (Ctrl group) and an IGU treatment (IGU group) groups. Drug efficacy was evaluated according to the frequency of PR attacks (monthly), the visual analog scale (VAS) score of patient pain, and clinical symptoms.ResultsThe drug positivity and disease control rates of the IGU group (100.00% and 90.91%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the Ctrl group (61.11% and 5.56%; p = .002 and p < .001, respectively). The median number of PR flares and the VAS score of patients in the Ctrl group decreased from 3.00 (1.00–15.00) to 0.83 (0.00–12.00) and from 5 (4–6) to 4 (1–6), respectively. In the IGU group, the median number of PR attacks decreased from 4.50 (2.00–15.00) to 0.00 (0.00–0.33), and the VAS score decreased from 5 (4–6) to 0 (0–2). The IGU group exhibited a significant reduction in PR flare frequency and improvement in the VAS value (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively).ConclusionOur study is the first to describe the efficacy of IGU in PR treatment. IGU can significantly reduce the number of PR flares and improve the clinical symptoms of patients with PR.