bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was access to video consultations with GPs in England equitable during the early COVID-19 lockdown period?
Authors: Balakumaran Sinthuja , Kar Aratrika , Melvyn Jones 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic compelled clinicians to change access to primary health care as face-to-face consultations were a risk to patients and staff. Video consultations (VCs) were frequently substituted as a proxy for a clinical examination.AimWe were interested in finding out whether people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in England had equitable video access to their GPs during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period.MethodThere are various VC applications available to GPs. We used publicly available data from one supplier in this study. Data were available for the number of VCs that GP practices from each clinical commissioning group (CCG) in England completed during March 2020. We ranked CCGs and their socioeconomic backgrounds by using Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) data added from GOV.UK resources.ResultsIn March, there were 77 834 VCs recorded for England, with a range of 4.3 to 45.4 VCs per GP practice per month (interquartile range 13.7–24.3). There was a negative correlation between consultation rate and deprivation (IMD) (Pearson −0.276,P= 0.04), suggesting a nearly 60% difference in VC rate between most and least deprived CCGs, with the least affluent CCGs having fewest VCs.ConclusionWhile video use overall was low, patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds had less access to VCs with their GPs in the initial lockdown, which may have had negative impacts on health. The pandemic was an unprecedented event, and primary care rapidly pivoted to online care. However, to mitigate health inequalities, primary care must implement methods to cater for all patients and minimise the risk of digital health exclusion.
Bat Fauna of Pune City
Authors: Yardi K. D. , Korad V. S. 
Published: July 2023

The study focuses on the ecological and faunistic survey of bats in Pune, India. While ecologists in the region often discuss the flora and other disturbances related to fauna, bats have been largely ignored. However, bats play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance. The study aimed to examine bats in relation to the changing ecology of Pune city.
The researchers conducted a pilot survey by visiting potential bat habitats during the evening hours when bats emerge. Roosting sites were confirmed through day visits, locating food droppings and excreta. The study spanned two years, from 1998 to 2000, and considered behavioral changes, roosting sites, feeding habits, and bat biology.
Two groups of bats were studied separately: fruit bats and microbats. Three species of fruit bats were recorded, including Indian flying fox, large flying fox, and short-nosed fruit bat. Four roosting colonies of flying foxes were found, spread across the city near riversides and canals. These colonies were protected due to positive human attitudes or cultural beliefs. The fruit bats mainly fed on wild plants, as the cultivated orchards around their roosts were not suitable for them.
The most common species among microbats was the little short-nosed fruit bat. They preferred roosting in dark and humid ceilings of old buildings or thick foliage of certain trees. Their roosting sites were marked by droppings of fruits, seeds, and leaves. Other microbat species were found in old buildings, tree holes, and one cave. However, the population of microbats was impacted by the disappearance of roosting sites due to human activities and the lack of natural caves in the area.
The study concluded that while the population of fruit bats was satisfactory, there was limited species diversity. Microbats exhibited a wide range of species diversity but faced challenges due to the destruction of roosting sites. The disappearance of bat colonies due to human interference raised concerns among ecologists. Insectivorous bats, in particular, play a vital role in controlling insect populations, including mosquitoes.
Overall, the study highlighted the importance of bats in the ecosystem and the need to protect their roosting sites from human activities and habitat loss.
A finitude na história de Fernão Capelo Gaivota
Authors: Abuchaim Alberto 
Published: July 2023

O autor, neste trabalho, expressa suas idéias sobre as angústias despertadas nos adolescentes na busca do crescimento, através da conquista da identidade, transformações corpóreas, a perfeição e a independência do indivíduo. Relaciona as angústias que isso desperta com a realidade biológica: tudo que cresce, que se transforma, morre. Considera que isto leva à percepção da finitude e, desvelando, que essas ansiedades, diante do irremovível, são matrizes de toda a doença emocional. Assim, para desenvolver seus pensamentos, valeu-se do livro que alcançou imenso sucesso entre os adolescentes dos anos setenta, de Richard Bach: Fernão Capelo Gaivota. Conclui, pela experiência clínica, que essas angústias despertadas, são frutos da inexorável contingência humana: somos finitos.
Dosimetric impact of hollow intraoral stents for head and neck cancer radiotherapy: A phantom study
Authors: Song Hongbing , Hu Jian , He Junxiang , Ma Guangdong , Cheng Lan , Li Xiangpan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the dosimetric impact of the calculation boundaries and dose calculation algorithms of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients with an opened oral cavity connected to the exterior by a hollow intraoral positioning stent.Methods and MaterialsA homemade silicone phantom with an opened oral cavity was placed in a CIRS head phantom to model head and neck cancer patients with a hollow intraoral positioning stent. 3D‐CRT plans were designed on CT images of the phantom in Monaco and Pinnacle3 treatment planning systems (TPSs) with the same beam parameters. The default boundary and manually extrapolated boundary were both adopted in these two TPSs to explore the dosimetric impact on treatment plans. The nanoDot™ optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) were chosen to measure the planned dose surrounding the oral cavity of the head phantom after calibration.ResultThe doses in the air cavity and two measuring points at the joint area were dramatically changed from 0.0, 92.4 and 148.8 cGy to 177.8, 244.2 and 244.1 cGy in Monaco after adopting the extrapolated boundary. While the calculated doses at the same place were changed from 61.2, 143.7 and 198.3 cGy to 175.4, 234.7 and 233.2 cGy in Pinnacle3 with a similar calculation boundary. For the Monaco TPS, the relative errors compared to the OSLD measured doses were 2.94 ± 1.93%, 0.53 ± 8.64%, 2.65 ± 1.87% and 3.93 ± 1.69% at 4 measuring positions. In contrast, the relative errors 4.03 ± 1.93%, 4.85 ± 8.64%, 7.61 ± 1.87% and 5.61 ± 1.69% were observed in Pinnacle3.ConclusionThe boundary setting of an opened oral cavity in TPSs has a significant dosimetric impact on head and neck cancer radiotherapy. An extrapolated boundary should be manually set up to include the whole oral cavity in the dose calculation domain to avoid major dose deviations.
Sizing Up Metal Halide Perovskite Photocatalysts: From Nano to Bulk
Authors: Weiss Rachel , Sullivan Colette M. , Nienhaus Lea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotocatalysts are developed in the pursuit of enabling more efficient chemical processes. Perovskites are uniquely situated for the role of a photocatalyst given their favorable optoelectronic properties and tailorable energetic features. While perovskites can be synthesized in a wide range of sizes, from quantum‐confined nanocrystals to bulk single crystals, research to date has primarily focused on perovskite nanocrystals. In this review, recent advancements in perovskite photocatalysts throughout various size regimes are outlined and emerging developments in the field are highlighted. Future directions for perovskite photocatalytic research, including a focus on larger dimensions, with more efficient photocatalysis enabled by the improvements discussed herein are proposed.
Genomic analysis unveils reduced genetic variability but increased proportion of heterozygotic genotypes of the intensively managed mezcal agave, Agave angustifolia
Authors: Klimova Anastasia , Ruiz Mondragón Karen Y. , Aguirre‐Planter Erika , Valiente Alfonso , Lira Rafael , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPremiseThe central Oaxaca Basin has a century‐long history of agave cultivation and is hypothesized to be the region of origin of other cultivated crops. Widely cultivated for mezcal production, the perennial crop known as “espadín” is putatively derived from wild Agave angustifolia. Nevertheless, little is known about its genetic relationship to the wild A. angustifolia or how the decades‐long clonal propagation has affected its genetics.MethodsUsing restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing and over 8000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, we studied aspects of the population genomics of wild and cultivated A. angustifolia in Puebla and Oaxaca, Mexico. We assessed patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding, distribution of genetic variation, and differentiation among and within wild populations and plantations.ResultsGenetic differentiation between wild and cultivated plants was strong, and both gene pools harbored multiple unique alleles. Nevertheless, we found several cultivated individuals with high genetic affinity with wild samples. Higher heterozygosity was observed in the cultivated individuals, while in total, they harbored considerably fewer alleles and presented higher linkage disequilibrium compared to the wild plants. Independently of geographic distance among sampled plantations, the genetic relatedness of the cultivated plants was high, suggesting a common origin and prevalent role of clonal propagation.ConclusionsThe considerable heterozygosity found in espadín is contained within a network of highly related individuals, displaying high linkage disequilibrium generated by decades of clonal propagation and possibly by the accumulation of somatic mutations. Wild A. angustifolia, on the other hand, represents a significant genetic diversity reservoir that should be carefully studied and conserved.
Boosting CO2 Hydrogenation to Formate over Edge‐Sulfur Vacancies of Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Kang Yiran , Hu Jingting , Ji Qinqin , Lu Zhixuan , Xu Guilan , Qi Yutai , Zhang Mo , Zhang Wangwang , Huang Rui , Yu Liang , Tian Zhong‐qun , Deng Dehui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSynthesis of formate from hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an atom‐economic reaction but is confronted with challenges in developing high‐performance non‐precious metal catalysts for application of the process. Herein, we report a highly durable edge‐rich molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to formate at 200 °C, which delivers a high selectivity of over 99 % with a superior turnover frequency of 780.7 h−1 surpassing those of previously reported non‐precious metal catalysts. Multiple experimental characterization techniques combined with theoretical calculations reveal that sulfur vacancies at MoS2 edges are the active sites and the selective production of formate is enabled via a completely new water‐mediated hydrogenation mechanism, in which surface OH* and H* species in dynamic equilibrium with water serve as moderate hydrogenating agents for CO2 with residual O* reduced by hydrogen. This study provides a new route for developing low‐cost high‐performance catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formate.
A research on milling fractions of biofortified and nonbiofortified hull‐less oats in terms of minerals, arabinoxylans, and other chemical properties
Authors: Acar Oguz , Izydorczyk Marta S. , McMillan Tricia , Yazici Mustafa Atilla , Imamoglu Aydin , Cakmak Ismail , Koksel Hamit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the arabinoxylan (AX) content, yield, recovery, and enrichment factors of milling fractions obtained from short‐ and long‐flow milling from biofortified (+) and nonbiofortified (−) oats cv. Haskara by determining the monosaccharide components besides dietary fiber and mineral contents.FindingsCoarse brans (CB) obtained by short‐flow milling from Haskara (+) and (−) samples had around 3.3% AX contents and 1.5 enrichment factor while fine brans (FB) obtained by long‐flow milling had around 3.8% AX contents and enrichment factors higher than CB. The differences between bran samples of Haskara (+) and Haskara (−) were significant (p < .05) in terms of insoluble dietary fiber. CB of Haskara (+) had 1.5, 2.9, and 3.8 times higher Zn, I, and Se contents than those of whole grain Haskara (−) while FB of Haskara (+) had 1.7, 4.7, and 3.7 times higher Zn, I, and Se contents than those of whole grain Haskara (−), respectively.ConclusionsMineral/fiber‐rich fractions obtained by biofortification and milling applications can be used against mineral deficiency.Significance and NoveltyThis is a pioneering study on AX and mineral contents of fractions obtained by different milling flows from biofortified hull‐less oats.
Malignant, fungating giant‐cell tumor of the tendon sheath (GCT‐TS) of the foot: A case report
Authors: Elbahri Hassan , Abd‐Elmaged Hozifa Mohammed Ali , Babiker Sawsan A. M. , Mohamed Alaa Hatim Ameer , Ahmed Mohammed Mubarak Mohammed , Abdulkarim Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageGiant‐cell tumors of the tendon sheath (GCT‐TS) are relatively common benign tumors that arise in close proximity to joints and tendons. Malignant GCT‐TS are extremely rare. Surgery with wide resection remains the cornerstone for treating malignant giant‐cell tumors of the tendon sheath especially in large tumor cases.
Spontaneous abortion as differential diagnosis of intermittent glomerular proteinuria in inactive systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ullrich Fabian T. H. , Skapenko Alla , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn women of childbearing age, severe proteinuria in systemic lupus erythematosus raises concern for renal involvement and pregnancy complications. While persisting renal loss of protein is known to culminate in extensive interventions, intermittent proteinuria in inactive disease requires an adjusted approach. Contextual awareness of this urinary finding is thus essential.
Au(III) π‐Allyl Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Vesseur David , Holmsen Marte S. M. , Bourissou Didier 
Published: July 2023

Abstractπ‐Allyl complexes of transition metals are key species in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Palladium(II) π‐allyl complexes in particular, have gained a lot of attention, but their isoelectronic gold(III) counterparts long remained elusive. However, this situation changed during the last few years. This concept article describes the preparative routes, characterization, structure and reactivity of such species, together with their catalytic applications. The influence of the ancillary ligand at gold, either (P,C)/(N,C)‐cyclometalated or (P,N)‐hemilabile, is analysed in detail. The Au(III) and Pd(II) π‐allyl complexes are also compared to highlight the similarities and differences.
Prospective view of nitride material synthesis
Authors: Stoddard Nathan , Pimputkar Siddha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe field of nitride‐based materials is producing some of the most promising and interesting candidates for advanced technology applications. Novel formulations and polymorphs are of interest for applications requiring one or more of: high hardness, high oxygen resistance at elevated temperatures, catalytic action, semiconductor light sources, and (ultra‐)wide band gap electronics. The synthesis of nitrides with excellent single crystal structural quality of an appreciable size is challenging whether working in solution growth techniques like ammonothermal and flux growth, or in vapor deposition techniques. This paper presents a perspective on recent developments in equipment and techniques for single crystal nitride synthesis with a view toward progress anticipated in the next 5–10 years.
Solvent Dependency of Catalyst‐Substrate Aggregation Through π‐π Stacking in Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Wylie Luke , Barham Joshua P. , Kirchner Barbara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAssemblies of photoredox catalysts and their target substrates prior to photoexcitation is a phenomenon naïvely overlooked by the majority of synthetic chemists, but can have profound influences on reactivity and selectivity in photocatalytic reactions. In this study, we determine the aggregation states of triarylamine radical cationic photocatalysts with various target arene substrates in different solvents by specifically parameterized polarizable molecular dynamics simulations. A π‐stacking interaction previously implicated by more expensive, less‐representative quantum calculations is confirmed. Critically, this study presents new insights on: i) the ability of solvents (MeCN vs DMF) to make or break a photocatalytic reaction by promoting (MeCN) or demoting (DMF) its catalyst‐substrate assemblies, which is a determining factor for reactivity, ii) the average “lifetimes” of assemblies in solution from a dynamic simulation. We find that both in the ground state and the photoexcited state, the cationic radical assemblies remain intact for periods often higher than 60 ps, rendering them ideally suitable to undergo intra‐assembly electron transfer reactions upon photoexcitation. Such aspects have not addressed by previous studies on synthetic photocatalytic reactions involving non‐covalent assemblies.
Performing prepurchase examinations of sport horses
Authors: Elliott Christopher , Milligan Peter ‘Spike’ 
Published: July 2023

Background: The sport horse industry is growing exponentially worldwide. Alongside this there is an increasing demand for veterinary prepurchase examinations. It's important for all equine veterinarians to be familiar with how to perform these examinations in order to best advise their clients.Aim of the article: This article is primarily intended to assist British veterinarians perform prepurchase examinations (PPEs) of sport horses. The information provided here is based on our experience and opinions. Veterinarians must have comprehensive understanding of the British Equine Veterinary Association's and RCVS's guidance notes on this topic before undertaking PPEs.
Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa exhibit different structural orders in crystal topography
Authors: Chen Shu‐wen W. , Teulon Jean‐Marie , Pellequer Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCry11Aa and Cyt1Aa are two pesticidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. To improve our understanding of the nature of their oligomers in the toxic actions and synergistic effects, we performed the atomic force microscopy to probe the surfaces of their natively grown crystals, and used the L‐weight filter to enhance the structural features. By L‐weight filtering, molecular sizes of the Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa monomers obtained are in excellent agreement with the three‐dimensional structures determined by x‐ray crystallography. Moreover, our results show that the layered feature of a structural element distinguishes the topographic characteristics of Cry11Aa and Cyt1Aa crystals, suggesting that the Cry11Aa toxin has a better chance than Cyt1Aa for multimerization and therefore cooperativeness of the toxic actions.
Non degradation of chitosan and initial degradation of collagen nerve conduits used for protection of nerve coaptations
Authors: Rein Susanne , Schober Ralf , Poetschke Julian , Kremer Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNerve conduits are either used to bridge nerve gaps of up to 3 cm or to protect nerve coaptations. Biodegradable nerve conduits, which are currently commercially available, include Chitosan or collagen‐based ones. As histological aspects of their degradation are highly relevant for the progress of neuronal regeneration, the aim of this study was to report the histopathological signs of such nerve conduits, which were removed during revision surgery.Materials and MethodsEither Chitosan (n = 2) or collagen (n = 2) nerve conduits were implanted after neuroma resection and nerve grafting (n = 2) or traumatic nerve lesion after cut (n = 1) or crush injury (n = 1) in two females and two men, aged between 17 and 57 years. Revision surgery with removal of the nerve conduits was indicated due to persisting neuropathic pain and sensorimotor deficits, limited joint motion, or neurolysis with hardware removal at a median time of 17 months (range: 5.5–48 months). Histopathological analyses of all removed nerve conduits were performed.ResultsA scar neuroma was diagnosed in one out of four patients. Mechanical complication occurred in one patient after nerve conduit implantation bridged over finger joints. Intraoperatively no or only initial signs of degradation of the nerve conduits were observed.Chitosan conduits revealed largely unchanged shape and structure of chitosan, and coating of the conduit by a vascularized fibrous membrane. The latter contained deposits taken up by macrophages, most likely representing dissolved chitosan.Characteristic histopathologic features of the degradation of collagen conduits were a disintegration of the compact collagen into separate fine circular strands, No foreign body reaction was observed in all removed nerve conduits.ConclusionsBoth Chitosan nerve conduits have not been degraded. The collagen nerve conduits showed a beginning degradation process. Furthermore, wrapping the repaired nerve with a nerve conduit did neither prevent adhesions nor improved nerve gliding. Therefore, biodegradation in time should be particularly addressed in further developments of nerve conduits.
Anterolateral thigh flow‐through flap: A versatile method for reconstruction of complex extremity defects
Authors: Dong Kaixuan , Zhou Ya , Xu Yong‐qing , Xu Xiao‐yan , He Xiao‐qing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundFlow‐through flaps have been widely applied only for the reconstruction of complex defects in the extremities because they can be used for arterial reconstruction and soft tissue coverage simultaneously. This report attempts to fully demonstrate the role of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flow‐through flap as a versatile method for reconstructing complex defects in the extremities.MethodsFrom February 2011 to March 2017, we retrospectively analyzed the use of a reconstructive surgical technique based on the ALT flow‐through flap to treat complex extremity defects in 87 patients (trauma, n = 79; diabetic ulcers, n = 5; squamous cell carcinoma, n = 3). Emergency surgery was performed in 12 patients to bridge a major artery gap and was followed by elective reconstruction in the remaining patients. Applications of the ALT flow‐through flap included bridging major artery gaps, preserving recipient blood vessel integrity, reconstructing blood vessel continuity, protecting vascular anastomoses, avoiding difficult end‐to‐side anastomoses in the recipient area, and balancing blood flow, as well as combined application with an additional flap.ResultsThe flap size ranged from 6 × 3 cm to 17 × 9 cm. ALT flow‐through flaps were used in combination with an additional flap (n = 4) and in vascular reconstruction (n = 83). Three patients required of the microvascular anastomostic reexploration for venous congestion, total necrosis occurred in two patients, and partial necrosis occurred in one patient. At the donor site, there were three cases of infection and two cases of wound dehiscence. At the recipient site, one case of infection and two cases of wound dehiscence were observed. One patient presented with deep infection secondary to renal failure and underwent amputation. During the follow‐up period (range, 1–33 months), all other flaps (84 cases) survived uneventfully, with normal texture and color.ConclusionThe ALT flow‐through flap plays many roles as it is a versatile method for reconstructing complex defects of the extremities and serves various other clinical purposes.