bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposition on cognitive outcomes in childhood and youth: a longitudinal analysis based on meconium ethyl glucuronide
Authors: Roetner Jakob , Van Doren Jessica , Maschke Janina , Kulke Louisa , Pontones Constanza , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lenz Bernd , Kratz Oliver , Moll Gunther H. , Kornhuber Johannes , Eichler Anna ,   und das IMAC-Mind-Consortium
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been linked to severe, adverse child outcomes. However, little is known regarding subclinical outcomes of low/moderate PAE and its longitudinal consequences, especially regarding neurophysiological and neurocognitive development. A newborn biomarker of PAE, meconium ethyl glucuronide (EtG), has been shown to predict cognitive impairments in primary-school-aged children. The current study investigated the ongoing effects of subclinical PAE in adolescence.

Methods
A sample of n = 96 mother–child dyads of the FRAMES/FRANCES cohort were classified into PAE/no PAE using EtG with a 10 ng/g cutoff. Mothers were recruited during pregnancy and children were assessed during primary-school age (M = 7.57, SD = 0.65, range: 6.00–9.92 years) and adolescence (M = 13.26, SD = 0.31, range: 12.79–14.20 years) on three levels: clinical (ADHD rating), neuropsychological (IQ score and performance in a go/nogo task), and neurophysiological (analysis of P3 event-related potentials (ERP) during said go/nogo task). Developmental outcomes and courses following PAE were assessed using rmANCOVAs, controlling for relevant confounders (socioeconomic status (SES), birth weight, and maternal psychopathology).

Results
Neurophysiological impairments emerged for exposed children in the form of diminished attentional resource recruiting in childhood and adolescence (reduced go-P3 amplitudes) with no differences in performance. Neuropsychological testing showed a reduced IQ score for both time points with dose-dependent effects in childhood. Clinical ADHD symptoms were not significantly affected.

Conclusion
Subclinical PAE, as determined by meconium EtG, has negative developmental consequences on cognitive function that persist from childhood to adolescence. These findings suggest that there is no safe limit for alcohol consumption during pregnancy and that more thorough screening of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is necessary for early identification and treatment of at-risk children.
A deep learning approach to investigate the filtration bleb functionality after glaucoma surgery: a preliminary study
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , Agnifili Luca , Brescia Lorenza , Figus Michele , Posarelli Chiara , Oddone Francesco , Giammaria Sara , Sacchi Matteo , Pavan Marco , Innocenti Dante Degli , Olivotto Valentina , Sensi Stefano L , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To distinguish functioning from failed filtration blebs (FBs) implementing a deep learning (DL) model on slit-lamp images.

Methods
Retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study for development and validation of an artificial intelligence classification algorithm. The dataset consisted of 119 post-trabeculectomy FB images of whom we were aware of the surgical outcome. The ground truth labels were annotated and images splitted into three outcome classes: complete (C) or qualified success (Q), and failure (F). Images were prepared implementing various data cleaning and data transformations techniques. A set of DL models were trained using different ResNet architectures as the backbone. Transfer and ensemble learning were then applied to obtain a final combined model. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve, and area under the precision-recall curve were calculated to evaluate the final model. Kappa coefficient and P value on the accuracy measure were used to prove the statistical significance level.

Results
The DL approach reached good results in unraveling FB functionality. Overall, the model accuracy reached a score of 74%, with a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 87%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.8, whereas the area under the precision-recall curve was 0.74. The P value was equal to 0.00307, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.58.

Conclusions
All considered metrics supported that the final DL model was able to discriminate functioning from failed FBs, with good accuracy. This approach could support clinicians in the patients’ management after glaucoma surgery in absence of adjunctive clinical data.
Technical variability of cornea parameters derived from anterior segment OCT fitted with Fringe Zernike polynomials
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
This study uses bootstrapping to evaluate the technical variability (in terms of model parameter variation) of Zernike corneal surface fit parameters based on Casia2 biometric data.

Methods
Using a dataset containing N = 6953 Casia2 biometric measurements from a cataractous population, a Fringe Zernike polynomial surface of radial degree 10 (36 components) was fitted to the height data. The fit error (height – reconstruction) was bootstrapped 100 times after normalisation. After reversal of normalisation, the bootstrapped fit errors were added to the reconstructed height, and characteristic surface parameters (flat/steep axis, radii, and asphericities in both axes) extracted. The median parameters refer to a robust surface representation for later estimates of elevation, whereas the SD of the 100 bootstraps refers to the variability of the surface fit.

Results
Bootstrapping gave median radius and asphericity values of 7.74/7.68 mm and −0.20/−0.24 for the corneal front surface in the flat/steep meridian and 6.52/6.37 mm and −0.22/−0.31 for the corneal back surface. The respective SD values for the 100 bootstraps were 0.0032/0.0028 mm and 0.0093/0.0082 for the front and 0.0126/0.0115 mm and 0.0366/0.0312 for the back surface. The uncertainties for the back surface are systematically larger as compared to the uncertainties of the front surface.

Conclusion
As measured with the Casia2 tomographer, the fit parameters for the corneal back surface exhibit a larger degree of variability compared with those for the front surface. Further studies are needed to show whether these uncertainties are representative for the situation where actual repeat measurements are possible.
Electrophysiological insights into deep brain stimulation of the network disorder dystonia
Authors: Franz Denise , Richter Angelika , Köhling Rüdiger 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS), a treatment for modulating the abnormal central neuronal circuitry, has become the standard of care nowadays and is sometimes the only option to reduce symptoms of movement disorders such as dystonia. However, on the one hand, there are still open questions regarding the pathomechanisms of dystonia and, on the other hand, the mechanisms of DBS on neuronal circuitry. That lack of knowledge limits the therapeutic effect and makes it hard to predict the outcome of DBS for individual dystonia patients. Finding electrophysiological biomarkers seems to be a promising option to enable adapted individualised DBS treatment. However, biomarker search studies cannot be conducted on patients on a large scale and experimental approaches with animal models of dystonia are needed. In this review, physiological findings of deep brain stimulation studies in humans and animal models of dystonia are summarised and the current pathophysiological concepts of dystonia are discussed.
The spectrum of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a report of the lymphoma workshop of the 20th meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology
Authors: Hartmann Sylvia , Dojcinov Stefan , Dotlic Snjezana , Gibson Sarah E. , Hsi Eric D. , Klapper Wolfram , Klimkowska Monika , Pinilla Socorro Maria Rodriguez , Richter Julia , Sabattini Elena , Tousseyn Thomas , de Jong Daphne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Session 4 of the 2021 European Association of Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology Workshop focused on nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). First, the spectrum of immunophenotypic variations in NLPHL and the defining criteria for classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) were discussed. The added value of further immunophenotypic characterization of both tumor cells and microenvironment to support the differential diagnosis was presented. Next, unusual cases with combined growth patterns and evolution of morphological features over time were presented to explore the clinicopathological impact of presumed high-risk patterns. Based on a large collection of cases, the defining morphological, immunophenotypical, and gene expression features of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) and THRLBCL-like NLPHL (pattern E) were reviewed to explore this challenging differential diagnosis and critically evaluate whether aggressive behavior and transformation of NLPHL can be predicted in practice.
Art authentication with vision transformers
Authors: Schaerf Ludovica , Postma Eric , Popovici Carina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, transformers, initially developed for language, have been successfully applied to visual tasks. Vision transformers have been shown to push the state of the art in a wide range of tasks, including image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. While ample research has shown promising results in art attribution and art authentication tasks using convolutional neural networks, this paper examines whether the superiority of vision transformers extends to art authentication, improving, thus, the reliability of computer-based authentication of artworks. Using a carefully compiled dataset of authentic paintings by Vincent van Gogh and two contrast datasets, we compare the art authentication performances of Swin transformers with those of EfficientNet. Using a standard contrast set containing imitations and proxies (works by painters with styles closely related to van Gogh), we find that EfficientNet achieves the best performance overall. With a contrast set that only consists of imitations, we find the Swin transformer to be superior to EfficientNet by achieving an authentication accuracy of over 85%. These results lead us to conclude that vision transformers represent a strong and promising contender in art authentication, particularly in enhancing the computer-based ability to detect artistic imitations.
Scoliosis in children with severe cerebral palsy: a population-based study of 206 children at GMFCS levels III–V
Authors: Vinje Svend , Terjesen Terje , Kibsgård Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of scoliosis and the rate of scoliosis progression in children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) at GMFCS levels III–V.

Methods
Two hundred and six children (86 girls, 120 boys), born 2002–2008, were recruited from The Norwegian Quality and Surveillance Registry for Cerebral Palsy (NorCP). Inclusion criteria were bilateral CP and GMFCS levels III–V. Scoliosis was evaluated annually by examination of the spine by a physiotherapist. Radiographic examination was performed in children with moderate or severe scoliosis at clinical evaluation. The Cobb angle was used as a measure of curve magnitude.

Results
Scoliosis, defined as Cobb angle ≥ 10°, occurred in 121 children (59%). Severe scoliosis (Cobb angle ≥ 40°) developed in 80 of the 206 patients (39%) at a mean age of 10.9 years (range 5–16) and was more prevalent in children at GMFCS level V (62%) than at levels IV (19%) and III (6%). Initial Cobb angle, Cobb angle ≥ 30° at age 10 years, and GMFCS level V were independent risk factors for severe scoliosis. In children at GMFCS level V, the rate of scoliosis progression decreased with age from a mean of 9.7° per year at age 3–5 years to 2–3° per year in children ≥ 11 years.

Conclusions
The prevalence of scoliosis among children with CP increased with decreasing motor functional level. The most important risk factors for progression of scoliosis were high initial Cobb angle, Cobb angle ≥ 30° at age 10 years, and GMFCS level V.
Nuclear translocation of beta catenin in patients with Rathke cleft cysts—clinical and imaging characteristics and risk of recurrence
Authors: Schmutzer Michael , Thorsteinsdottir Jun , Weller Jonathan , Rachinger Walter , Schichor Christian , Thon Niklas , Ueberschaer Moritz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although Rathke cleft cysts (RCC) are benign lesions of the sellar region, recurrence is frequent after surgical treatment. Nuclear translocation of ß-catenin (NTßC), a key effector of the wnt-signaling pathway that is responsible for cell renewal, has been shown to act as a proto-oncogene and is considered to be a potential risk factor for increased recurrence in RCC. In this study, we analyzed a surgically treated cohort into patients with and without NTßC expression in order to identify clinical and imaging differences and further evaluate the risk of recurrence.

Methods
Patients with resection of RCC between 04/2001 and 11/2020 were included. Histological specimens were immunohistochemically stained for ß-catenin. Study endpoints were time to cyst recurrence (TTR) and functional outcome. Functional outcome included ophthalmological and endocrinological data. Furthermore, MRI data were assessed.

Results
Seventy-three patients (median age 42.3 years) with RCC underwent mainly transsphenoidal cyst resection (95.9%), 4.1% via transcranial approach. Immunohistochemical staining for ß-catenin was feasible in 61/73 (83.6%) patients, with nuclear translocation detected in 13/61 cases (21.3%). Patients with and without NTßC were equally likely to present with endocrine dysfunction before surgery (p = 0.49). Postoperative new hypopituitarism occurred in 14/73 (19.2%) patients. Preoperative visual impairment was equal in both groups (p = 0.52). Vision improved in 8/21 (33.3%) patients and visual field deficits in 22/34 (64.7%) after surgery. There was no difference in visual and perimetric outcome between patients with and without NTßC (p = 0.45 and p = 0.23, respectively). On preoperative MRI, cyst volume (9.9 vs. 8.2 cm3; p = 0.4) and evidence of hemorrhage (30.8% vs. 35.4%; p = 0.99) were equal and postoperative cyst volume decreased significantly in both groups (0.7 vs. 0.5 cm3; p < 0.0001 each). Cyst progression occurred in 13/73 (17.8%) patients after 39.3 ± 60.3 months. Cyst drainage with partial removal of the cyst wall resulted in improved recurrence-free survival without increasing the risk of complications compared with cyst fenestration alone. Patients with postoperative diabetes insipidus had an increased risk for recurrence according to multivariate analysis (p = 0.005). NTßC was evident in 4/15 patients (26.7%) and was not associated with a higher risk for recurrence (p = 0.67).

Conclusion
Transnasal transsphenoidal cyst drainage with partial removal of the cyst wall reduces the risk of recurrence without increasing the risk of complications compared with fenestration of the cyst alone. Patients with postoperative diabetes insipidus seem to have an increased risk for recurrence. In contrast, NTßC was not associated with a higher risk of recurrence and did not provide stratification for clinically distinct patients.
Radiochemotherapie des Zervixkarzinoms
Authors: Sturdza Alina , Knoth Johannes 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das lokal fortgeschrittene Zervixkarzinom ist eine schwerwiegende Erkrankung, bei der eine interdisziplinäre Behandlung das Optimum darstellt. Die Behandlung besteht gemäß der gemeinsamen Leitlinie der europäischen Gesellschaften für gynäkologische Onkologie, Strahlentherapie und Pathologie ab dem Stadium cT1b2/T2a2 N0 bzw. bei Vorliegen von Lymphknotenmetastasen aus einer primären Radiochemotherapie. Die Diagnostik erfolgt durch klinische Untersuchung, Biopsie und Bildgebung. Das Staging erfolgt nach FIGO (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et dʼObstétrique) und TNM.

Methodik
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird der aktuelle Stand der Wissenschaft anhand der einschlägigen Literatur mit besonderem Fokus auf den Ergebnissen der EMBRACE-Studien dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Durch Kombination aus Teletherapie und Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-gestützter, kombiniert intrakavitärer/interstitieller, adaptiver Brachytherapie lassen sich, unabhängig vom lokalen Tumorstadium, lokale Kontrollraten von 92 % nach 5 Jahren und Gesamtüberlebensraten von 67 % nach 10 Jahren erreichen. Die kumulierte Nebenwirkungsrate Grad ≥ 3 nach Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) beträgt dabei 11 % nach 5 Jahren.

Schlussfolgerung
Die primäre Radiochemotherapie unter Anwendung moderner strahlentherapeutischer Techniken ist die empfohlene Behandlung lokal fortgeschrittener Karzinome ab dem Stadium T1b2. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit ist von entscheidender Bedeutung.
Effects of two flap palatoplasty versus furlow palatoplasty with buccal myomucosal flap on maxillary arch dimensions in patients with cleft palate at the primary dentition stage: a cohort study
Authors: Aboulhassan Mamdouh Ahmed , Refahee Shaimaa Mohsen , Sabry Shaimaa , Abd-El-Ghafour Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two flap palatoplasty (TFP) versus Furlow palatoplasty with buccal myomucosal flap (FPBF) on maxillary arch dimensions in children at the primary dentition stage with cleft palate, in comparison to matching subjects without any craniofacial anomalies.

Material and methods
This study included 28 subjects with an age range of 5–6 years; 10 non-cleft subjects were included in the control group, 9 patients treated with TFP, and 9 patients treated with FPBF. For the included patients, the maxillary models were scanned using a desktop scanner to produce virtual models, and the maxillary dimension measurements were virtually completed. The produced measurements were compared between the 3 groups. Maxillary models of the 28 participants were evaluated.

Results
Statistically insignificant differences were detected between the 3 groups for arch symmetry measurements. Differences were detected in the inter-canine width between the 2 surgical groups and non-cleft group. Both arch length and posterior palatal depth significantly differ while comparing the TFP to the control group, with no differences between FPBF and the non-cleft group.

Conclusion
Furlow palatoplasty with buccal myomucosal flap might be considered a better surgical option than two flap palatoplasty for patients with cleft palate while evaluating maxillary arch dimensions at the primary dentition stage as a surgical outcome.

Clinical relevance
This study gives insight into the surgical technique that has limited effect on the maxillary growth and dental arch dimension. Therefore, it decreases the need for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05405738).
Evaluating user acceptance of knowledge-intensive business process modeling languages
Authors: Jalali Amin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCase Management has been evolving to support knowledge-intensive business process management, resulting in different modeling languages, e.g., Declare, Dynamic Condition Response (DCR), and Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN). A language will die if users do not accept and use it in practice—similar to extinct human languages. Thus, evaluating how users perceive languages is important to improve them. Although some studies have investigated how the process designers perceived Declare and DCR, there is a lack of research on how they perceive CMMN—especially in comparison with other languages. Therefore, this paper investigates and compares how process designers perceive these languages based on the Technology Acceptance Model. The paper includes two studies conducted in 2020 and 2022, both performed by educating participants through a course, with feedback on their assignments, to reduce biases. The perceptions are collected through questionnaires before and after feedback on the final practice. Results show that the perceptions change is insignificant after feedback due to the participants being well-trained. The reliability of responses was tested using Cronbach’s alpha. The results of the first study show that both DCR and CMMN were perceived as having acceptable usefulness and ease of use, but CMMN was perceived as significantly better than DCR in terms of ease of use. The results of the second study show that only DCR was perceived significantly better than Declare in terms of usefulness. The participants’ feedback shows potential areas for improvement in languages and tool support to enhance perceived usefulness and ease of use.
An Experimental Cold Gas Cannon for the Study of Porcine Lung Contusion and Behind Armor Blunt Trauma
Authors: Karlsson Tomas , Olsson Lars-Gunnar , Gustavsson Jenny , Arborelius Ulf P. , Risling Mårten , Günther Mattias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBehind armor blunt trauma (BABT) is a non-penetrating injury caused by the rapid deformation of body armor, by a projectile, which may in extreme circumstances cause death. The understanding of the mechanisms is still low, in relation to what is needed for safety threshold levels. Few models of graded kinetic energy transfer to the body exist. We established an experimental model for graded BABT. The cold gas cannon was air-driven, consisted of a pressure vessel, a barrel, and a pressure actuator. It required short training to operate and was constructed by standard components. It produced standardized expulsion of plastic projectiles with 65 mm and weight 58 g. Velocity correlated linearly to pressure (R 0.9602, p < 0.0001), equation Y = 6.558*X + 46.50. Maximum tested pressure was 10 bar, velocity 110 m/s and kinetic energy (Ek) 351 J. Crossbred male swine (n = 10) mean weight (SD) 56 ± 3 kg, were subjected to BABT, mean Ek (SD) 318 (61) J, to a fix point on the right lateral thorax. Pulmonary contusion was confirmed by physiological parameters pO2 (p < 0.05), SaO2 (p < 0.01), pCO2 (p < 0.01), etCO2 (p < 0.01), MPAP (p < 0.01), Cstat (p < 0.01), intrapulmonary shunt (Q′s/Q′t) (p < 0.05), and qualified trans-thoracic ultrasound (p < 0.0001). The consistent injury profile enabled for the addition of future experimental interventions.
Liquefaction analysis of soil plugs within large diameter monopiles using numerical modelling
Authors: Español-Espinel Carlos , Haigh Stuart K. , Madabhushi Gopal S. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSoil plug formation in open-ended piles due to pile driving is a widely studied phenomenon in onshore applications. The narrow diameters of traditional onshore piles ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 m facilitate plug generation during installation and transfer of enhanced confining stresses across the whole body of the soil plug. Offshore wind monopiles with larger diameters and smaller aspect ratios may not enhance confining stress within the soil plug as effectively as their onshore counterparts. Monopiles are currently the most widespread foundation in the offshore wind sector including in seismic areas. Earthquake shaking can lead to accumulation of excess pore pressure and subsequent liquefaction of the soil retained inside the plug. This research investigates the influence of monopile diameter and confining stress on the development of earthquake-induced excess pore pressure within the soil plug using fully coupled time domain Finite Element Analysis. The results presented in this paper reveal lower accumulation of earthquake-induced excess pore pressure in soil plugs subjected to confining stress. However, the influence of additional horizontal stress caused by monopile driving on the generation of excess pore pressure within the soil plug diminishes as the monopile diameter is progressively increased.