bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS) VII: a discovery of the first inner Galaxy CEMP-r/s star
Authors: Mashonkina L , Arentsen A , Aguado D S , Smogorzhevskii A , Hampel M , Karakas A I , Sestito F , Martin N F , Venn K A , González Hernández J I 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Well-studied very metal-poor (VMP, [Fe/H] &lt;−2) stars in the inner Galaxy are few in number, and they are of special interest because they are expected to be among the oldest stars in the Milky Way. We present high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up of the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) star Pristine_184237.56-260624.5 (hereafter Pr184237) identified in the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey. This star has an apocentre of ∼2.6 kpc. Its atmospheric parameters (Teff = 5100 K, log g = 2.0, and [Fe/H] = −2.60) were derived based on the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation. We determined abundances for 32 elements, including 15 heavy elements beyond the iron group. The NLTE abundances were calculated for 13 elements from Na to Pb. Pr184237 is strongly enhanced in C, N, and O, and both s- and r-process elements from Ba to Pb; it reveals a low carbon isotope ratio of 12C/13C = 7. The element abundance pattern in the Na–Zn range is typical of halo stars. With [Ba/Eu] = 0.32, Pr184237 is the first star of the CEMP-r/s subclass identified in the inner Galaxy. Variations in radial velocity suggest binarity. We tested whether a pollution by the s- or i-process material produced in the more massive and evolved companion can form the observed abundance pattern and find that an i-process in the asymptotic giant branch star with a progenitor mass of 1.0–2.0 $\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ can be the solution.
Detection of periodicity in the gamma-ray light curve of the BL Lac 4FGL J2202.7+4216
Authors: Banerjee Anuvab , Sharma Ajay , Mandal Avijit , Das Avik Kumar , Bhatta Gopal , Bose Debanjan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
In this study, we carry out a comprehensive variability analysis of the BL Lac object 4FGL J2202.7+4216 detected by the Fermi-LAT, over a period of more than 3 yr, from 2019 April 27 to 2022 August 09. We detect the presence of quasi-periodic fluctuations with a period of ∼100 d with a confidence level exceeding 4σ. We also tentatively detect two other quasi-periodic fluctuations with a period of ∼75 and ∼50 d, which persist over the entire duration of observation. This is the first time such a variability feature pertaining to this source is being reported. We propose that the observed quasi-periodic oscillations may be related to the precession of the blazar jet with a high Lorentz factor or to the motion of a plasma blob through the helical structure of the jet. The harmonicity among the detected periodicities suggests the global p-mode oscillations of the thick disc to be a plausible mechanism as well. For a decisive conclusion on the physical origin of such fluctuation, further multiwavelength complementary observations, especially very long baseline interferometric observations, would be required.
To Tweet or Not to Tweet: Tweets About Tobacco Regulation can Help Disseminate Anti-regulatory Messages
Authors: Silver Nathan A , Pearson George , Kucherlapaty Padmini , Kalla Swetha , Schillo Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionTwitter enables public organizations to engage the public in health policy discourse. However, documented hostility towards tobacco control proposals on Twitter suggests that a closer examination of the nature of interaction with such content is warranted.Aims and MethodsWe scraped tweets from government bodies with tobacco control interests between July and November of 2021 (N = 3889), 2 months before and after the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Premarket Tobacco Authorization Act’s (PMTA) September deadline. PMTA is a review process for authorizing the sale of new and existing e-cigarette or vaping products. Tweets related to PMTA were identified (n = 52) using a keyword filter. A content analysis of quote tweets and replies examined the amplification of pro and anti-policy sentiment via likes and retweets.ResultsReplies were overwhelmingly anti-policy (96.7%). Moreover, the amplification of these replies, including 83.3% of likes and 65.6% of retweets, amplified anti-policy replies. Quote tweets, which allow users to add their own commentary to an existing tweet, were 77.9% (n = 120) anti-policy, receiving 87.7% of likes (n = 1708) and 86.2% of retweets (n = 726) compared to pro-policy quote tweets (n = 240 likes and n = 116 retweets). Regression analyses showed a significantly greater amplification of anti-policy content.ConclusionsCommunicating about tobacco policy on Twitter carries risks. Anti-policy advocates can weaponize quote tweets for easy construction of messages designed in accordance with evidence-based guidelines for conferring resistance to persuasion. Future research should examine whether public health organizations can adapt this strategy to counter anti-regulatory advocates on Twitter.ImplicationsThe primary implications of this research are that communication about tobacco policy on Twitter should be part of a broader public engagement strategy with quantifiable metrics of success. The information environment on Twitter is demonstrably hostile to pro-tobacco regulatory policy positions. As a result, efforts to engage on the platform by regulatory institutions like the FDA can inadvertently provide materials that are easily leveraged as effective counter-messaging. Moreover, this counter-messaging can disseminate more broadly than the original message.
Can Treatment Support Mitigate Nicotine Metabolism-Based Disparities in Smoking Abstinence? Secondary Analysis of the Helping HAND 4 Trial
Authors: Lee Scott S , Chang Yuchiao , Rigotti Nancy A , Singer Daniel E , Levy Douglas E , Tyndale Rachel F , Davis Esa M , Freiberg Matthew S , King Stephen , Wells Quinn S , Tindle Hilary A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a biomarker of CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism, predicts the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with fast metabolizers benefiting less than slow metabolizers. Whether treatment support to optimize NRT use (henceforth “treatment support”) modifies this pharmacogenetic relationship is unknown.

Methods
Hospitalized adult daily smokers were assigned to one of two post-discharge smoking cessation interventions offering NRT and counseling: (1) Transitional Tobacco Care Management, which delivered enhanced treatment support via free combination NRT at discharge and automated counseling, and (2) a quitline-based approach representing usual care (UC). The primary outcome was biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence 6 months after discharge. Secondary outcomes were the use of NRT and counseling during the 3-month intervention period. Logistic regression models tested for interactions between NMR and intervention, controlling for sex, race, alcohol use, and BMI.

Results
Participants (N = 321) were classified as slow (n = 80) or fast (n = 241) metabolizers relative to the first quartile of NMR (0.012–0.219 vs. 0.221–3.455, respectively). Under UC, fast (vs. slow) metabolizers had lower odds of abstinence at 6 months (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.95) and similar odds of NRT and counseling use. Compared to UC, enhanced treatment support increased abstinence (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 0.98–4.64) and use of combination NRT (aOR 4.62, 95% CI 2.57–8.31) in fast metabolizers, while reducing abstinence in slow metabolizers (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.87; NMR-by-intervention interaction p = .004).

Conclusions
Treatment support increased abstinence and optimal use of NRT among fast nicotine metabolizers, thereby mitigating the gap in abstinence between fast and slow metabolizers.

Implications
In this secondary analysis of two smoking cessation interventions for recently hospitalized smokers, fast nicotine metabolizers quit at lower rates than slow metabolizers, but providing fast metabolizers with enhanced treatment support doubled the odds of quitting in this group and mitigated the disparity in abstinence between fast and slow metabolizers. If validated, these findings could lead to personalized approaches to smoking cessation treatment that improve outcomes by targeting treatment support to those who need it most.
Cogency, Seriousness, Cohesion, and Importance: Assessing the Strasbourg Case-Law on Religion or Belief
Authors: Wolff Tim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In Campbell and Cosans v the United Kingdom (1982), the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) determined that a view must ‘attain a certain level of cogency, seriousness, cohesion and importance’ to be considered a religion or belief under Article 9 of the Convention. The Court has seemed hesitant to provide much guidance beyond the words quoted. This article’s first aim is to attempt a comprehensive interpretation of these requirements by examining clues as to their meaning and scope in the case law of the last 40 years. This includes well-known cases like Pretty and Gough, as well as recent cases like Vavřička and De Wilde. The second aim is to evaluate these standards in light of liberal egalitarian principles, specifically, the principle of ‘integrity’ developed by Cécile Laborde. Integrity refers to the value of living in accordance with one’s profound beliefs, which are distinguished from mere preferences and inclinations. The argument presented is that the objective versions of cogency, cohesion, and importance endorsed by the ECtHR are incompatible with the subjectivist value of integrity. Conversely, depending on which of three possible interpretations of seriousness one finds most plausible, the ECtHR’s version of seriousness may align with the integrity view.
Assessing public support for social policy in times of crisis: evidence from the Child Tax Credit during the COVID-19 era in the United States
Authors: López-Santana Mariely , Núñez Lucas , Béland Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe 2021 American Rescue Plan included the temporary expansion of the Child Tax Credit (CTC)—the largest individual income tax credit program in the United States—for most families with children. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, how did the public perceive this social policy benefit for families, especially in relation to other traditional social programs? By focusing on the CTC, an understudied policy area, and presenting original survey data, this paper first shows that, while the majority of respondents favored the CTC, levels of support for these benefits were lower than support for other social programs. Second, the paper suggests that, compared to older people and people with disabilities, Americans view families as part of the “undeserving” population. Third, by presenting panel data, we show that there is no change in levels of CTC support even among recipients of these benefits. Overall, these findings shed light on important challenges to the development and implementation of family policy in the USA, as well as the possibility of recalibrating the US liberal welfare state.
SMART-SLE: serology monitoring and repeat testing in systemic lupus erythematosus—an analysis of anti-double-stranded DNA monitoring
Authors: Yeo Ai Li , Kandane-Rathnayake Rangi , Koelmeyer Rachel , Golder Vera , Louthrenoo Worawit , Chen Yi-Hsing , Cho Jiacai , Lateef Aisha , Hamijoyo Laniyati , Luo Shue-Fen , Wu Yeong-Jian J , Navarra Sandra V , Zamora Leonid , Li Zhanguo , An Yuan , Sockalingam Sargunan , Katsumata Yasuhiro , Harigai Masayoshi , Hao Yanjie , Zhang Zhuoli , Basnayake B M D B , Chan Madelynn , Kikuchi Jun , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Bae Sang-Cheol , Oon Shereen , O’Neill Sean , Goldblatt Fiona , Ng Kristine (Pek Ling) , Law Annie , Tugnet Nicola , Kumar Sunil , Tee Cherica , Tee Michael , Ohkubo Naoaki , Tanaka Yoshiya , Lau Chak Sing , Nikpour Mandana , Hoi Alberta , Leech Michelle , Morand Eric F ,   for the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Disease activity monitoring in SLE includes serial measurement of anti-double stranded-DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, but in patients who are persistently anti-dsDNA positive, the utility of repeated measurement is unclear. We investigated the usefulness of serial anti-dsDNA testing in predicting flare in SLE patients who are persistently anti-dsDNA positive.

Methods
Data were analysed from patients in a multinational longitudinal cohort with known anti-dsDNA results from 2013 to 2021. Patients were categorized based on their anti-dsDNA results as persistently negative, fluctuating or persistently positive. Cox regression models were used to examine longitudinal associations of anti-dsDNA results with flare.

Results
Data from 37 582 visits of 3484 patients were analysed. Of the patients 1029 (29.5%) had persistently positive anti-dsDNA and 1195 (34.3%) had fluctuating results. Anti-dsDNA expressed as a ratio to the normal cut-off was associated with the risk of subsequent flare, including in the persistently positive cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.56; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.87; P &lt; 0.001) and fluctuating cohort (adjusted HR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.66), both for a ratio &gt;3. Both increases and decreases in anti-dsDNA more than 2-fold compared with the previous visit were associated with increased risk of flare in the fluctuating cohort (adjusted HR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.65; P = 0.008) and the persistently positive cohort (adjusted HR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.71; P = 0.009).

Conclusion
Absolute value and change in anti-dsDNA titres predict flares, including in persistently anti-dsDNA positive patients. This indicates that repeat monitoring of dsDNA has value in routine testing.
PARNAS: Objectively Selecting the Most Representative Taxa on a Phylogeny
Authors: Markin Alexey , Wagle Sanket , Grover Siddhant , Vincent Baker Amy L , Eulenstein Oliver , Anderson Tavis K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing technology has enabled phylogenetic studies with hundreds of thousands of taxa. Such large-scale phylogenies have become a critical component in genomic epidemiology in pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. However, detailed phenotypic characterization of pathogens or generating a computationally tractable dataset for detailed phylogenetic analyses requires objective subsampling of taxa. To address this need, we propose parnas, an objective and flexible algorithm to sample and select taxa that best represent observed diversity by solving a generalized k-medoids problem on a phylogenetic tree. parnas solves this problem efficiently and exactly by novel optimizations and adapting algorithms from operations research. For more nuanced selections, taxa can be weighted with metadata or genetic sequence parameters, and the pool of potential representatives can be user-constrained. Motivated by influenza A virus genomic surveillance and vaccine design, parnas can be applied to identify representative taxa that optimally cover the diversity in a phylogeny within a specified distance radius. We demonstrated that parnas is more efficient and flexible than existing approaches. To demonstrate its utility, we applied parnas to 1) quantify SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity over time, 2) select representative influenza A virus in swine genes derived from over 5 years of genomic surveillance data, and 3) identify gaps in H3N2 human influenza A virus vaccine coverage. We suggest that our method, through the objective selection of representatives in a phylogeny, provides criteria for quantifying genetic diversity that has application in the the rational design of multivalent vaccines and genomic epidemiology. PARNAS is available at https://github.com/flu-crew/parnas.
Assessment of a COVID-induced shift in the evolution of a beef cattle production course
Authors: Herring Andy Dale 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigated student (n = 272) exam grades and group project peer evaluations in a senior-level beef cattle management course during semesters of COVID-imposed transitional instructional delivery methods across the Fall 2019 to Spring 2021 semesters. Each semester identical format exams were administered, and students were assigned to groups of 4 or 5 balanced for previous cattle experience to work on a semester-long on a scenario-based ranch management project. Prior to COVID, exams were administered as closed-note with 1-h time limit, but were made open-note with 12 to 14 h time limit beginning in March 2020. Similar exam grades existed (P &gt; 0.05) across these five semesters with the exception that Exam 3 deviated 3.7% (P = 0.020) from lowest to highest mean score; similar relative variation in exam scores based on CV and SD were seen across these semesters. For the group project, students scored all group members on a 0 (inferior) to 10 (superior) scale at the end of each semester that weighted the project grade by 20%. Remote vs. face-to-face (F2F) status did not influence (P &gt; 0.05) group peer evaluation scores regarding “Overall level of participation” or “Willingness to work for success of your group” when group number or individual student was included in models. Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 semesters had both remote and F2F students and were investigated for online page view and engagement. Across these two semesters, students (n = 125) were 72% females, 36.8% rated themselves as having no or little previous cattle experience, and 34.4% rated themselves as experienced or very experienced with cattle. No metric for online activity was correlated with exam grades, except the number of page views and Exam 3 scores (r = 0.28, P = 0.002). Neither gender (P &gt; 0.05) nor previous cattle experience (P &gt; 0.05) affected online activity metrics, peer evaluation points received on group projects, or exam grades. However, strong correlations (r = 0.33 to 0.45, P &lt; 0.001) were seen between student peer points received and all four exam grades. Additionally, project group accounted for 28% to 37% of the differences in exam grades. Overall, no differences in exam grades (P &lt; 0.05 except Exam 3) or group peer evaluations (P &lt; 0.05) were detected when the course had different delivery styles. These results indicate that attributes of individual students are a major driver of successful course outcomes in this class, no matter what course delivery method is utilized.
Cost effectiveness of a technology-enhanced physical activity intervention for Latinas
Authors: Larsen Britta , Gilmer Todd , Pekmezi Dori , Hartman Sheri J , Benitez Tanya , Rabin Borsika , Marcus Bess H , Mendoza-Vasconez Andrea S , Groessl Erik J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Latinas report low levels of physical activity (PA) and disproportionate risk of lifestyle-related diseases. Enhancements to evidence-based PA interventions may increase efficacy; however, uptake of interventions will likely depend on costs. To describe costs and examine the cost-effectiveness of two interventions for helping Latinas reach national aerobic PA guidelines. Adult Latinas (N = 199) were randomly assigned to an Original theory-based mail-delivered intervention or an Enhanced version with texting and additional calls and materials. Meeting PA guidelines was measured by the 7-Day PA Recall interview at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Intervention costs were estimated from a payer perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated as the additional cost per participant meeting guidelines in the Enhanced versus Original intervention. At baseline, no participants met guidelines. After 6 months, 57% and 44% in the Enhanced and Original arms met guidelines, respectively; at 12 months, rates fell to 46% and 36%. Cost per person of the Enhanced and Original interventions were $184 and $173 at 6 months, respectively, and $234 and $203 at 12 months. The primary additional expense in the Enhanced arm was staff time. ICERs were $87 per additional person meeting guidelines at 6 months (per sensitivity analysis, $26 if delivered by volunteers and $114 by medical assistants), and $317 at 12 months (sensitivity analysis: $57 and $434). Incremental costs per person meeting guidelines in the Enhanced arm were modest and could be warranted given the potential health benefits of meeting PA guidelines.
Cold temperature and aridity shape the evolution of drought tolerance traits in Tasmanian species of Eucalyptus
Authors: Hartill Gabrielle E , Blackman Chris J , Halliwell Benjamin , Jones Rebecca C , Holland Barbara R , Brodribb Timothy J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Perennial plant species from water-limiting environments (including climates of extreme drought, heat and freezing temperatures) have evolved traits that allow them to tolerate these conditions. As such, traits that are associated with water stress may show evidence of adaptation to climate when compared among closely related species inhabiting contrasting climatic conditions. In this study, we tested whether key hydraulic traits linked to drought stress, including the vulnerability of leaves to embolism (P50 leaf) and the minimum diffusive conductance of shoots (gmin), were associated with climatic characteristics of 14 Tasmanian eucalypt species from sites that vary in precipitation and temperature. Across species, greater cavitation resistance (more negative P50 leaf) was associated with increasing aridity and decreasing minimum temperature. By contrast, gmin showed strong associations with aridity only. Among these Tasmanian eucalypts, evidence suggests that trait variation is influenced by both cold and dry conditions, highlighting the need to consider both aspects when exploring adaptive trait–climate relationships.
Temperature rather than N availability determines root exudation of alpine coniferous forests on the eastern Tibetan Plateau along elevation gradients
Authors: Yang Han , Zhang Peipei , Wang Qitong , Deng Shaojun , He Xi , Zhang Xinjun , Wang Ruihong , Feng Qiuhong , Yin Huajun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Root exudation fulfills fundamental roles in regulating carbon (C)-nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, yet the main ecological drivers of root exudation and underlying mechanisms in forests under natural gradients remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the intraspecific variation of root exudation rates in two alpine coniferous forests (Abies faxoniana Rehder et Wilson and Abies georgei Orr) along two elevation gradients on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Meanwhile, the fine root traits and associated climate and soil parameters were assessed to examine the effects of elevation-dependent changes in climatic and soil nutrient conditions on root exudation. Results showed that root exudation rates decreased with increasing elevation and were positively correlated with mean air temperature. However, the relationships of root exudation with soil moisture and soil nitrogen availability were not significant. The structural equation model (SEM) further revealed that air temperature affected root exudation both directly and indirectly through the effects on fine root morphology and biomass, implying that the adaption of root C allocation and fine root morphological traits to low temperatures primarily resulted in declined root exudation at higher elevations. These results highlight the perceived importance of temperature in determining the elevational variation of root exudation in alpine coniferous forests, which has foreseeably great implications for the exudate-mediated ecosystem C and nutrient processes in the face of drastic warming on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.