bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of refractory metal additives on diboride‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramics: A review
Authors: Meng Jiawei , Fang Huiyi , Wang Hongyu , Wu Yun , Wei Chuncheng , Li Shuang , Geng Xin , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Jipeng , Wen Guangwu , Wang Peng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiboride‐based ultra‐high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are a special class of ceramics with excellent comprehensive properties, which have extensive potential applications in extreme environments. However, their practical applications are limited, mainly due to the poor fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. Refractory metals have high melting points, good ductility, and high toughness, which have huge potential to improve the properties of diboride‐based ceramics. As a special class of additives, they have been adopted to promote densification, improve microstructure, and properties. However, diboride‐based ceramics containing refractory metals have not received adequate attention due to relatively weak practical effects on property improvement. The present review highlights the progress and existing problems of transition metal diborides with refractory metal additives, including W, Ta, Mo, Nb, Hf, V, Cr, and Zr, focusing mainly on the microstructure change and property improvements, followed by challenges and possible future development strategies.
Shaping immunity for life: Layered development of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Tabilas Cybelle , Smith Norah L. , Rudd Brian D. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryHistorically, the immune system was believed to develop along a linear axis of maturity from fetal life to adulthood. Now, it is clear that distinct layers of immune cells are generated from unique waves of hematopoietic progenitors during different windows of development. This model, known as the layered immune model, has provided a useful framework for understanding why distinct lineages of B cells and γδ T cells arise in succession and display unique functions in adulthood. However, the layered immune model has not been applied to CD8+ T cells, which are still often viewed as a uniform population of cells belonging to the same lineage, with functional differences between cells arising from environmental factors encountered during infection. Recent studies have challenged this idea, demonstrating that not all CD8+ T cells are created equally and that the functions of individual CD8+ T cells in adults are linked to when they were created in the host. In this review, we discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting there are distinct ontogenetic subpopulations of CD8+ T cells and propose that the layered immune model be extended to the CD8+ T cell compartment.
Hands‐on Digital Design Course during the Pandemic: Moulding Design for Fabricating Small Objects
Authors: Özman Gizem Özerol , Selçuk Semra Arslan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDue to the pandemic conditions, hands‐on courses in architectural education were conducted remotely and their presentation had to be reconsidered. Hands‐on courses, by their nature, support learning and learner‐instructor interaction in the classroom environment. It was necessary to develop innovative solutions to ensure this interaction in virtual classrooms. This study discusses a method we experienced in the 2021–2022 spring semester of the “Principles of Digital Design and Fabrication in Architecture” course given at Gazi University. To combat potential interaction deficits, “problem‐based learning (PBL)” and “learning by doing (LBD)” teaching methods were applied. While reflecting on foreseen problems in the curriculum on the students, we determined the distance education process causes different reflections on students in terms of digital modelling and fabrication techniques. All constraints and problem determinations obtained by the students were classified and a way to solve these problems developed with the LBD style. By the end of the course, the students, who were expected to design a small 3D object, first designed the mould then realised their fabrication of the object. In this process, while the foreseen problems and curriculum determined at the beginning overlapped, other problem determinations and their reflections formed an important base for the future curriculum.
Global variation in unique and redundant mammal functional diversity across the daily cycle
Authors: Cox Daniel T. C. , Baker David J. , Gardner Alexandra S. , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimOrganisms primarily influence ecosystems through their functional traits when they are physically active. Following the nocturnal bottleneck, the expansion of mammals into the daytime expanded mammalian functional diversity (FD), however there is also notable overlap in trait space across diel niches leading to redundant FD. We explore how the unique and redundant contribution of each diel niche varies spatially and in relation to natural variation in light and temperature.LocationGlobal.TaxonExtant mammals.MethodsBased on five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet breadth, foraging strata, habitat breadth) for 5033 extant terrestrial mammals, we determine biogeographical variation in nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral and diurnal FD. We calculate the proportion of mammalian FD that is unique to each diel niche, and the proportion that is redundant across the daily cycle.ResultsThe diversification of mammals into the daytime resulted in the creation of new FD (28.5% of FD is not nocturnal; Lower Quartile 17.3%; Upper Quartile 38.2%). Most of this expansion occurred at higher latitudes where uniquely cathemeral FD dominates (>55°N, 41.1% of mammalian FD; Lower Quartile 33.3%, Upper Quartile 53.6%), associated with fewer hours of biologically useful moonlight and daylight. Where there are more hours of biologically useful daylight, unique diurnal FD is common. However, more than half of non‐nocturnal FD is redundant, increasing ecosystem stability as different species carry out similar functions at different times of day, and suggesting that many mammals have not diversified far from their nocturnal ancestors.Main conclusionsOver much of the land surface more than a half of FD only occurs at night, underscoring the importance of nocturnal mammals for ecosystems. Understanding diel variation in FD not only informs on community structure and ecosystem function but also on ecosystem functional persistence in the Anthropocene, with pressures at night being particularly concerning.
Comparison of warfarin with direct oral anticoagulants for thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Deshmukh Amrish , Gunda Sampath , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Ghannam Michael , Liang Jackson , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Jongnarangsin Krit , Morady Fred , Bogun Frank 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThromboembolic events after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) can result in significant morbidity. Thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation can be achieved by the use of antiplatelet agents, vitamin K antagonists, or direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The relative safety and efficacy of these modes of prophylaxis are uncertain. We sought to compare the outcomes of patients who received warfarin or DOACs for thromboembolic prophylaxis after catheter ablation of VT.Methods and ResultsAnticoagulation with DOACS was started after left ventricular VT ablation in a series of 42 consecutive patients with structural heart disease (67 ± 11 years, 3 women, ejection fraction 32 ± 14%). Duration of hospital stay, bleeding episodes, and thromboembolic events were compared to a historic consecutive group of patients (n = 38, 65 ± 13 years, 14 women, ejection fraction 36 ± 13%) in whom anticoagulation with a formerly described protocol of heparin and vitamin K antagonist was used after VT ablation procedures. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the group where DOACs were used as compared to vitamin K antagonists (3.3 ± 1.8 vs. 5.0 ± 2.5 days postablation; p = 0.001) without an increase of bleeding or thromboembolic events.ConclusionAnticoagulation with DOACs is safe and shortens hospital stay in patients with structural heart disease undergoing left ventricular VT ablation procedures.
On the horns of a dilemma: Experts as communicators for property‐level flood risk adaptation measures
Authors: Davids Peter R. , Priest Sally , Hartmann Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of flood risk experts in supporting homeowners to implement property‐level flood risk adaption (PLFRA). Homeowners can reduce their flood risks by implementing PLFRA. However, oftentimes they need advice on what sort of and how to implement PLFRA. This means that tailored experts advice is necessary to inform homeowners on such measures. But experience shows that mere information is often insufficient to motivate homeowners to realise measures. This contribution explores the reasons for the ineffectiveness of expert advice by investigating how expert advice responds to homeowners' rationalities. Based on a case study from Flanders, Belgium, this paper reveals how the relation between experts and homeowners differs related to different rationalities of homeowners. The paper uses Cultural Theory to discuss strategies on how experts, providing advice on property‐level risk adaption, could move beyond engineering skills by also using risk communication skills in order to involve homeowners in flood risk governance.
The impact of providing flexible meals on patients' nutritional intake, fasting times and cost when admitted to a trauma unit
Authors: Lee Ellen , Singleton Justin , Murphy Annette , Heaney Susan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, increased length of hospital stay and higher treatment costs. Prevalence rates in Australian hospitals is reported between 30% and 50%. Trauma patients experience significant periods of restricted oral intake resulting from pre‐operative fasting for complex and frequent surgical procedures. In addition, they have elevated nutritional requirements for recovery resulting in significant accrued nutritional deficits. The present study hypothesised that not having hot meals available outside of the hospital food service system was contributing to increased nutritional deficits. The study aimed to investigate the impact of providing flexible frozen meals and snacks in a trauma ward, on nutritional intake, cost and duration of perioperative fasting.MethodsThis was a pre‐ and post‐interventional study examining 40 fasting experiences of hospitalised patients in a trauma ward. Frozen meals and snack bags were readily accessible to nursing staff to provide to patients out of kitchen service hours. Nutritional intake and fasting times were measured from patient records and interviews.ResultsImplementing flexible food items increased patient nutritional intake by 28% (15%–43%) on the day of fasting. Fasting duration was not significantly reduced (1.73 h); however, when patient fasting was ceased, food was provided more responsively. Nursing staff showed improved satisfaction with project implementation.ConclusionsThe present study has demonstrated that provision of food items outside of regular meal service hours is a low cost intervention that improves nutritional intake, provides nutrition more responsively and is well received by nursing staff.
The 10‐year trajectory of aggressive behaviours in autistic individuals
Authors: Laverty C. , Agar G. , Sinclair‐Burton L. , Oliver C. , Moss J. , Nelson L. , Richards C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAggressive behaviours are common in people with neurodevelopmental conditions, contributing to poorer quality of life and placement breakdown. However, there is limited empirical research documenting the prevalence and persistence of aggressive behaviours in autism. In this longitudinal study, aggressive behaviours were investigated in a sample of autistic individuals over 10 years.MethodsCaregivers of autistic individuals, both with and without intellectual disability, completed questionnaires relating to the presence of aggressive behaviours atT1[N = 229, mean age in years 11.8, standard deviation (SD) 5.9],T2(T1 + 3 years,N = 81, mean age in years 15.1, SD 5.9) andT3(T1 + 10 years,N = 54, mean age in years 24.5, SD 8.1). Analyses examined the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviours and the predictive value of established correlates of aggression.ResultsAggressive behaviours were common at baseline (61.6%) but only persistent in 30% of the sample over 10 years. Higher composite scores of overactivity and impulsivity atT1were significantly associated with the persistence of aggressive behaviours atT2(P = 0.027) andT3(P = 0.012) with medium effect size.ConclusionsAggressive behaviours are common in autism, but reduce with age. Behavioural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predict the presence and persistence of aggressive behaviour and as such may be useful clinical indicators to direct proactive intervention resources to ameliorate aggressive behaviours.
Anti‐parasitic function of tree‐rubbing behaviour in brown bears suggested by an in vitro test on a generalist ectoparasite
Authors: Blaise A. , Kiewra D. , Chrząścik K. , Selva N. , Popiołek M. , Sergiel A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRubbing against various objects or self‐anointing with pungent substances are behaviours observed in many mammal species. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a non‐territorial species that rubs against trees with the main purpose being intraspecific communication. In addition, some odorous substances are known for eliciting rubbing behaviour and hence are used to lure bears to trees in studies relying on non‐invasive hair collection. Tree‐rubbing is often accompanied by clawing and debarking which release tree resin that impregnates the fur and can potentially deter ectoparasites. Here, we present a study aiming to determine whether ticks, being widely spread and an important vector of pathogens, are repelled by resin products known to attract bears and elicit rubbing behaviour, namely turpentine and beech tar. Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were offered a binary microhabitat choice by placing them in the middle of individual horizontal tubes with tested substances placed on filter paper at one end, and distilled water as a control (neutral) substance at the other. Their behaviour was recorded for three minutes. Ticks consistently touched the neutral end of the tube while avoiding treated ones. Overall, ticks remained at greater distances from treatments than from water. A fitted logarithmic regression showed ticks did not spend more than seconds at a treated side, supporting our prediction that ticks are repelled by turpentine and beech tar. Parasite repellency may bring a further advantage in rubbing behaviour trade‐offs, compensating some energetical costs, and adds a trait to the behaviour important in seemingly divergent contexts of intraspecific communication and defense against ectoparasites.
Law and the political stakes of global crises: Lessons from development practice for a coronavirus world
Authors: Desai Deval 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLaw has translated the coronavirus crisis into politically salient forms in people's lives, from states of emergency, to border closures, to mask mandates. Yet political theory work on these forms has focused on constraining arbitrary state power. In this paper, I try to broaden this focus. Substantively, I argue that policy and its implementation also matter to how we theorize the role of law in crises, in terms of how we understand the political power of society and its relationship to the state. Methodologically, I argue that thinking about law in this way is more than a complement to or replacement for thinking about constraints on arbitrariness. Rather, different forms of thinking about law and crisis should constantly be used to critique each other in order to pursue the sorts of legal innovations required by geomobile and interconnected crises. Given that the current pandemic and its broader consequences are still unfolding, I turn to development policy and practice to demonstrate the process and consequence of such ongoing critique in action. Studying rule of law reforms—including during the West African Ebola crisis—I show how practitioners continually reimagined law in ways that facilitated ongoing legal innovation that could adapt to the politics of the crisis.
Genomic signatures of inbreeding depression for a threatened Aotearoa New Zealand passerine
Authors: Duntsch Laura , Whibley Annabel , de Villemereuil Pierre , Brekke Patricia , Bailey Sarah , Ewen John G. , Santure Anna W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor small and isolated populations, the increased chance of mating between related individuals can result in a substantial reduction in individual and population fitness. Despite the increasing availability of genomic data to measure inbreeding accurately across the genome, inbreeding depression studies for threatened species are still scarce due to the difficulty of measuring fitness in the wild. Here, we investigate inbreeding and inbreeding depression for the extensively monitored Tiritiri Mātangi island population of a threatened Aotearoa New Zealand passerine, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). First, using a custom 45 k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we explore genomic inbreeding patterns by inferring homozygous segments across the genome. Although all individuals have similar levels of ancient inbreeding, highly inbred individuals are affected by recent inbreeding, which can probably be explained by bottleneck effects such as habitat loss after European arrival and their translocation to the island in the 1990s. Second, we investigate genomic inbreeding effects on fitness, measured as lifetime reproductive success, and its three components, juvenile survival, adult annual survival and annual reproductive success, in 363 hihi. We find that global inbreeding significantly affects juvenile survival but none of the remaining fitness traits. Finally, we employ a genome‐wide association approach to test the locus‐specific effects of inbreeding on fitness, and identify 13 SNPs significantly associated with lifetime reproductive success. Our findings suggest that inbreeding depression does impact hihi, but at different genomic scales for different traits, and that purging has therefore failed to remove all variants with deleterious effects from this population of conservation concern.
Why philosophy needs a concept of progress
Authors: Norton James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper defends the usefulness of the concept of philosophical progress and the common assumption that philosophy and science aim to make the same, or a comparable, kind of progress. It does so by responding to Yafeng Shan's (2022) arguments that the wealth of research on scientific progress is not applicable or useful to philosophy, and that philosophy doesn't need a concept of progress at all. It is ultimately argued that while Shan's arguments are not successful, they reveal the way forward in developing accounts of philosophical progress.
A Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector targets a potato ubiquitin‐like domain‐containing protein to inhibit the proteasome activity and hamper plant immunity
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Li Tingting , Zhang Xiaojiang , Feng Jiashu , Liu Zhuting , Shan Weixing , Joosten Matthieu H. A. J. , Govers Francine , Du Yu 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Ubiquitin‐like domain‐containing proteins (UDPs) are involved in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system because of their ability to interact with the 26S proteasome. Here, we identified potato StUDP as a target of the Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector Pi06432 (PITG_06432), which supresses the salicylic acid (SA)‐related immune pathway.

By overexpressing and silencing of StUDP in potato, we show that StUDP negatively regulates plant immunity against P. infestans. StUDP interacts with, and destabilizes, the 26S proteasome subunit that is referred to as REGULATORY PARTICLE TRIPLE‐A ATP‐ASE (RPT) subunit StRPT3b. This destabilization represses the proteasome activity. Proteomic analysis and Western blotting show that StUDP decreases the stability of the master transcription factor SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) in SA biosynthesis.

StUDP negatively regulates the SA signalling pathway by repressing the proteasome activity and destabilizing StSARD1, leading to a decreased expression of the SARD1‐targeted gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 and thereby a decrease in SA content. Pi06432 stabilizes StUDP, and it depends on StUDP to destabilize StRPT3b and thereby supress the proteasome activity.

Our study reveals that the P. infestans effector Pi06432 targets StUDP to hamper the homeostasis of the proteasome by the degradation of the proteasome subunit StRPT3b and thereby suppresses SA‐related immunity.
Early diagnosis of ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome: A case report
Authors: Bourkas Adrienn N. , Pope Elena , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Kamath Binita M. , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCongenital ichthyosis is a genodermatosis characterized by abnormal epidermal differentiation. The neonatal period is critical for patients with ichthyosis because of the risk for significant comorbidities and associated mortality, with most complications resulting from impaired barrier function. Early recognition can significantly alter the clinical course of this rare disease. Here we present a neonate with ichthyosis, leukocyte vacuoles, alopecia, and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome (ILVASC), a rare inherited disease, to highlight how an interdisciplinary approach led to prompt assessment, confirmation of a genetic diagnosis and management of potential complications.
Subjective versus objective sleep outcomes in older adults with and without uncoupled sleep following online cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Authors: Kutzer Yvonne , Whitehead Lisa , Quigley Eimear , Fu Shih Ching , Stanley Mandy 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundUncoupled sleep is a phenomenon characterised by a disconnect between sleep pattern and sleep complaint. This study examined the impact of uncoupled sleep on dysfunctional sleep beliefs and objective and subjective sleep outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults following digitally delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT‐I) to assess how these groups respond to CBT‐I.MethodsObjective sleep was measured using wrist actigraphy, subjective sleep quality via sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Dysfunctional sleep beliefs were assessed by the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS‐16). All measurements were taken prior to and following a 4‐week online CBT‐I program. Linear mixed model and generalised linear mixed model analyses were conducted to examine objective and subjective sleep onset latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings as well as PSQI and DBAS‐16 scores, respectively.ResultsOut of 80 enrolled participants, 62 participants (55 females, 89%; 16 complaining good sleepers, 26 complaining poor sleepers, 11 non‐complaining good sleepers, and nine non‐complaining poor sleepers) completed the study. CBT‐I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs across all sleeper classifications. Objective and self‐reported changes in sleep parameters were demonstrated in complaining poor sleepers without uncoupled sleep. Complaining good sleepers with uncoupled sleep only reported a decrease in the number of subjective sleep awakenings. There were no changes in sleep outcomes in non‐complaining good and non‐complaining poor sleepers.ConclusionsOnline CBT‐I was effective in improving the sleep outcomes of individuals who had both subjective and objective poor sleep. However, as the online CBT‐I reduced dysfunctional sleep beliefs in all sleep groups, further examination of dysfunctional sleep beliefs and whether they mediate the outcomes of digital CBT‐I in older adults will need to be conducted.