bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion in the fields of nutrition and obesity: A road map to equity in academia
Authors: Martin Samantha L. , Cardel Michelle I. , Carson Tiffany L. , Hill James O. , Stanley Takara , Grinspoon Steven , Steger Felicia , Blackman Carr Loneke T. , Ashby‐Thompson Maxine , Stewart Delisha , Ard Jamy ,   The Nutrition Obesity Research Center Task Force to Advance the Careers of Researchers from Groups Underrepresented in Academia, Stanford Fatima Cody 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch shows that a diverse faculty improves academic, clinical, and research outcomes in higher education. Despite that, persons in minority groups, usually categorized by race or ethnicity, are underrepresented in academia (URiA). The Nutrition Obesity Research Centers (NORCs), supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, hosted workshops on five separate days in September and October 2020. NORCs convened these workshops to identify barriers and facilitators for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and provide specific recommendations to improve DEI within obesity and nutrition for individuals from URiA groups. Recognized experts on DEI presented each day, after which the NORCs conducted breakout sessions with key stakeholders who engage in nutrition and obesity research. The breakout session groups included early‐career investigators, professional societies, and academic leadership. The consensus from the breakout sessions was that glaring inequities affect URiA in nutrition and obesity, particularly related to recruitment, retention, and advancement. Recommendations from the breakout sessions to improve DEI across academia focused on six themes: (1) recruitment, (2) retention, (3) advancement, (4) intersectionality of multiple challenges (e.g., being Black and a woman), (5) funding agencies, and (6) implementation of strategies to address problems related to DEI.
Kurangara in Queensland?: A Critique of Duncan‐Kemp's Account
Authors: Nash David 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTA particular historical travelling religious complex in northern Western Australia, usually known as Kurangara, has been the subject of anthropological attention since the late 1930s. Overlooked in all the literature is a similar account assigned to 1912–1918, in the distant Channel Country of southwest Queensland. This is in Alice Duncan‐Kemp's last book, published in 1968. My examination shows that a good deal of Duncan‐Kemp's account repeated parts of a 1954 popular magazine about Kurangara in the Pilbara. In other respects Duncan‐Kemp may have drawn on her own childhood experiences, but in the absence of corroboration her account has to be considered unreliable.
A socio‐psychological approach for understanding and managing bycatch in small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Booth Hollie , Ichsan Muhammad , Hermansyah Rizky Fajar , Rohmah Lailia Nur , Naira Kusuma Banda , Adrianto Luky , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Fisheries bycatch is the greatest threat to migratory, long‐lived marine animals.

Addressing bycatch ultimately requires changing fisher behaviour, yet social and behavioural sciences are rarely applied to bycatch mitigation, with an absence of theory‐informed behaviour change interventions. Moreover, mitigating bycatch is particularly challenging in small‐scale mixed‐species fisheries (SSFs), where perceptions of target and non‐target vary widely, and all catches have economic or subsistence value. Such fisheries are ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans, and bycatch mitigation in these contexts necessitates a people‐centred approach.

We seek to address this gap, drawing on well‐established theories from behavioural and social sciences. We first typify bycatch as a spectrum rather than a clearly delineated component of catch, where the position of a species on this spectrum depends on fishers' beliefs regarding the outcomes of bycatch‐relevant behaviour. We then outline an approach to ‘diagnose’ fishers' underlying beliefs about bycatch, using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB): a widely applied and empirically tested theory for predicting and changing behaviour. Finally, we illustrate the approach using an empirical case study, exploring fishers' beliefs regarding bycatch‐relevant behaviour for three endangered elasmobranch species in a small‐scale gill net fishery in Indonesia.

Our findings show how the TPB can help to understand fishers' underlying beliefs regarding bycatch, and facilitators/inhibitors of bycatch mitigation, to inform behaviour change interventions. We emphasize the need to understand the human dimensions of bycatch, especially in SSFs, where technical fixes alone will be insufficient to change behaviour. Rather, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to align fishers' needs with conservation objectives.

Our bycatch spectrum and the TPB could be widely applied for disentangling drivers of bycatch in other SSFs and designing interventions which support more effective and socially just marine conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A single‐center retrospective review of pediatric cases of progressive transformation of germinal centers
Authors: Sadanand Arhanti , Aljudi Ahmed , Bergsagel D. John , Keller Frank G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is a rare diagnosis characterized by asymptomatic lymph node enlargement. It has previously been associated with lymphoma, autoimmune conditions, and lymphoproliferative diseases in small pediatric case series.ProceduresWe conducted a single‐center retrospective review of pediatric cases of PTGC diagnosed at our institution by hematopathologists from 2000 to 2020.ResultsWe identified 57 primary cases and three recurrent cases of PTGC. Laboratory and imaging evaluations were obtained inconsistently. Nine patients (16%) saw a pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) specialist prior to diagnosis, and 21 (37%) had follow‐up with PHO after diagnosis.ConclusionsPatients with PTGC had similar age and involved lymph node sites to those from previous case series. Fewer patients underwent recurrent lymph node biopsy than previously described. PTGC has been linked to certain types of lymphoma, although never definitively associated with lymphoma. Follow‐up with a PHO provider is indicated to ensure that close surveillance is performed.
The role of multiparametric magnetic resonance in active surveillance of a low‐risk prostate cancer cohort from clinical practice
Authors: Chamorro Castillo L. , García Morales L. , Ruiz López D. , Salguero Segura J. , Valero Rosa J. , Anglada Curado FJ. , Mesa Quesada J. , Blanca Pedregosa A. , Carrasco Valiente J. , Gómez Gómez Enrique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionActive surveillance (AS) is considered a suitable management practice for those patients with low‐risk prostate cancer (PCa). At present, however, the role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in AS protocols has not yet been clearly established.OutcomesTo determine the role of mpMRI and its ability to detect significant prostate cancer (SigPCa) in PCa patients enrolled in AS protocols.Materials and MethodsThere were 229 patients enrolled in an AS protocol between 2011 and 2020 at Reina Sofía University Hospital. MRI interpretation was based on PIRADS v.1 or v.2/2.1 classification. Demographics, clinical, and analytical data were collected and analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for mpMRI in different scenarios. We defined SigPCa and reclassification/progression as a Gleason score (GS) ≥ 3 + 4, a clinical stage ≥T2b, or an increase in PCa volume. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank tests were used to estimate progression‐free survival time.ResultsMedian age was 69.02 (±7.73) at diagnosis, with a 0.15 (±0.08) PSA density (PSAD). Eighty‐six patients were reclassified after confirmatory biopsy, with a suspicious mpMRI an indication for a clear reclassification and risk‐predictor factor in disease progression (p < 0.05). During follow‐up, 46 patients were changed from AS to active treatment mainly due to disease progression. Ninety patients underwent ≥2mpMRI during follow‐up, with a median follow‐up of 29 (15–49) months. Thirty‐four patients had a baseline suspicious mpMRI (at diagnostic or confirmatory biopsy): 14 patients with a PIRADS 3 and 20 patients with ≥PIRADS 4. From 14 patients with a PIRADS 3 baseline mpMRI, 29% progressed radiologically, with a 50% progression rate versus 10% (1/10 patients) for those with similar or decreased mpMRI risk. Of the 56 patients with a non‐suspicious baseline mpMRI (PIRADS < 2), 14 patients (25%) had an increased degree of radiological suspicion, with a detection rate of SigPCa of 29%. The mpMRI NPV during follow‐up was 0.91.ConclusionA suspicious mpMRI increases the reclassification and disease progression risk during follow‐up and plays an important role in monitoring biopsies. In addition, a high NPV at mpMRI follow‐up can help to decrease the need to monitor biopsies during AS.
Patient‐reported functional outcomes and oncological control after primary focal cryotherapy for clinically significant prostate cancer: A Phase II mandatory biopsy‐monitored study
Authors: Tan Yu G. , Law Yan M. , Ngo Nye T. , Khor Li Y. , Tan Puay H. , Ong Enya H. W. , Yuen John S. P. , Ho Henry S. S. , Tuan Jeffrey K. L. , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Gupta Rajan T. , Rozen Steven , Chua Melvin L. K. , Polascik Thomas J. , Tay Kae Jack 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe report herein the impact of focal therapy (FT) on multi‐domain functional outcomes in a Phase II prospective clinical trial (NCT04138914) in focal cryotherapy for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).MethodsThe primary outcome was the detection of a ≥5 point deterioration in any of the four main expanded prostate index composite (EPIC) functional domains. Pretreatment multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transperineal targeted and systematic saturation biopsy were used to select patients with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)≤20 ng/mL, Gleason grade group (GG) ≤4, mpMRI lesion volume ≤ 3 mL (for a single lesion) or ≤1.5 mL (where two lesions were present). Focal cryotherapy was performed with a minimum 5 mm margin around each target lesion. EPIC scores were obtained at baseline and posttreatment at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Mandatory repeat mpMRI and prostate biopsy were performed at 12 months to determine the infield and outfield recurrence.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were recruited. The mean age was 68 years, with PSA of 7.3 ng/mL and PSA density of 0.19 ng/mL2. No Clavien–Dindo ≥3 complications occurred. Transient worsening of EPIC urinary (mean diff 16.0, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.8–23.6) and sexual function scores (mean diff 11.0, p:0.005, 95% CI: 4.0–17.7) were observed at 1‐month posttreatment, with recovery by Month 3. A subgroup who had ablation extending to the neurovascular bundle had a trend to delayed recovery of sexual function to Month 6. At 12‐month repeat mpMRI and biopsy, 22 patients (78.6%) had no detectable csPCa. Of the six patients (21.4%) who had csPCa recurrences, four were GG2, one GG3, and one GG4. Four patients underwent repeat FT, one underwent radical prostatectomy, while the remaining one patient with low‐volume GG2 cancer opted for active surveillance.ConclusionFT using cryotherapy was associated with a transient deterioration of urinary and sexual function with resolution at 3 months posttreatment and with reasonable early efficacy in well‐selected csPCa patients.
Poly‐L‐lactic acid/lead(II) acetate basic colour indicator membrane for visual monitoring in shrimp freshness
Authors: Dong Yue , Sun Wuliang , Li Wenbo , Li Lianye , Xia Fei , Wu Lingling , Jin Ye , Saldaña Marleny D. A. , Sun Wenxiu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeafood products are prone to deterioration and, therefore, require a label that identifies quality with the naked eye. A visual freshness colour indicator membrane incorporated with poly‐L‐lactic acid and lead(II) acetate basic is designed via electrospinning technology for freshness monitoring. The colour indicator membrane had a uniform fibre thickness with an average diameter of 1.54 μm and a large specific surface area. In addition, the colour stability of the membrane did not vary with temperature and humidity. The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) responsivity results showed that the membrane gave a rapid and accurate response to the freshness of shrimp, and the detection limit of H2S is 0.45 ppm. Finally, in application, the colour change of the membrane correlated linearly with the freshness of the shrimp, allowing the quality of the shrimp to be identified with the naked eye. The experimental results showed that poly‐L‐lactic acid/lead(II) acetate basic colour indicator membrane had great potential in the detection of shrimp freshness.
Low‐temperature synthesis of maize straw biochar‐ZnO nanocomposites for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Han Yu , Wang Jinxin , Qi Dawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a new type of environmental functional material, biochar composites have become the focus of considerable interest in wastewater treatment research owing to their excellent adsorption and photocatalytic properties. However, the fabrication of cost‐effective biochar composites with high photocatalytic efficiencies at low synthesis temperatures remains challenging. In this study, biochar was prepared using an environmentally friendly hydrothermal method at a low temperature with maize straw as the waste material, instead high costs pyrolysis process. Hexagonal zinc oxide nanoparticles were grown in and on the biochar framework using the chemical deposition method. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of aqueous methylene blue (MB) solutions were investigated. We demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation performance of the biochar‐ZnO composites was considerably higher than that of the most other reports. The degradation of the MB solutions (60 mg/L) reached 98.0 % in 240 min under low‐power ultraviolet light (50 W) irradiation. We propose that the synergetic effect of the high adsorption of the porous biochar and the photocatalytic activity of ZnO led to a high degradation efficiency. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for the preparation of photocatalytic composites obtained from waste biomass materials by a cost‐efficient, fast, and environmentally friendly method, and the efficient degradation of dye pollutants in water.
Improved Dual‐Polarity Response via Pyro‐phototronic Effect for Filterless Visible Light Communication
Authors: Zhang Boyong , Chang Yu , Han Zhuokun , Wang Wencan , Luo Bingcheng , Zhai Wei , Wang Jianyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDual‐polarity response photodetectors (PDs) take full advantage of the directivity of the photocurrent to identify optical information. The dual‐polarity signal ratio, a key parameter that represents the equilibrium degree of responses to different lights, is proposed for the first time. The synchronous enhancement of dual‐polarity photocurrents and the amelioration of the dual‐polarity signal ratio are beneficial to the practical applications. Herein, based on the selective light absorption and energy band structure design, a self‐powered CdS/PEDOT:PSS/Au heterojunction PD consisting of a p‐n junction and a Schottky junction exhibits unique wavelength‐dependent dual‐polarity response, where the photocurrent is negative and positive in the short and long wavelength regions, respectively. More importantly, the pyro‐phototronic effect inside the CdS layer significantly improves the dual‐polarity photocurrents with the maximum enhancement factors of 120%, 343%, 1167%, 1577%, and 1896% at 405, 450, 532, 650, and 808 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the dual‐polarity signal ratio tends to 1:1 due to different degrees of the enhancement. This work provides a novel design strategy for dual‐polarity response PDs with a simple working principle and improved performance, which can supply a substitution for two traditional PDs in the filterless visible light communication (VLC) system.
Self‐Transformation Strategy Toward Vanadium Dioxide Cathode For Advanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Deng Wenjing , Xu Zhixiao , Li Ge , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the lithium‐dominated era, rechargeable Zn batteries are emerging as a competitive alternative. However, the sluggish kinetics of ion diffusion and structural destruction of cathode materials have thus far hampered the realization of future large‐scale energy storage. Herein, an in situ self‐transformation approach is reported to electrochemically boost the activity of a high‐temperature, argon‐treated VO2 (AVO) microsphere for effective Zn ion storage. The presynthesized AVO with hierarchical structure and high crystallinity allows efficient electrochemical oxidation and water insertion to induce self‐phase transformation into V2O5·nH2O within the first charging process, which leads to rich active sites and fast electrochemical kinetics. Using AVO cathode, an outstanding discharge capacity of 446 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, high rate capability of 323 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability for 4000 cycles at 20 A g−1 with high capacity retention are demonstrated. Importantly, such zinc‐ion batteries with phase self‐transition can also perform well at high‐loading, sub‐zero temperature, or pouch cell conditions for practical application. This work not only paves a new route to design in situ self‐transformation in energy storage devices, but also broadens the horizons of aqueous zinc‐supplied cathodes
Sandwiched Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced by Two‐Dimensional Interface Nanocoating for Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Wang Yifei , Zhou Jierui , Konstantinou Antigoni C. , Baferani Mohamadreza Arab , Davis‐Amendola Kerry , Gao Wenqiang , Cao Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer‐based dielectrics are essential components in electrical and power electronic systems for high power density storage and conversion. A mounting challenge for polymer dielectrics is how to maintain their electrical insulation at not only high electric fields but also elevated temperatures, in order to meet the growing needs for renewable energies and grand electrifications. Here, a sandwiched barium titanate/polyamideimide nanocomposite with reinforced interfaces via two‐dimensional nanocoatings is presented. It is demonstrated that boron nitride and montmorillonite nanocoatings can block and dissipate injected charges, respectively, to present a synergetic effect on the suppression of conduction loss and the enhancement of breakdown strength. Ultrahigh energy densities of 2.6, 1.8, and 1.0 J cm−3 are obtained at 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C, respectively, with a charge‐discharge efficiency >90%, far outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art high‐temperature polymer dielectrics. Cyclic charge‐discharge tests up to 10 000 times verify the excellent lifetime of the interface‐reinforced sandwiched polymer nanocomposite. This work provides a new pathway to design high‐performance polymer dielectrics for high‐temperature energy storage via interfacial engineering.
Combining object‐oriented metrics and centrality measures to predict faults in object‐oriented software: An empirical validation
Authors: Ouellet Alexandre , Badri Mourad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany object‐oriented metrics have been proposed in the literature to measure various structural properties of object‐oriented software. Furthermore, many centrality measures have been introduced to identify central nodes in large networks. However, few studies have used them to measure dependencies in software systems. In fact, centrality measures, as opposed to most traditional object‐oriented metrics that mainly focus on intrinsic properties of classes, can be used to better model the control flow and to identify the most important classes in a software system. This paper aims (1) to investigate the relationships between object‐oriented metrics and centrality measures and (2) to explore the ability of their combination to support fault‐proneness prediction from different perspectives (fault‐prone classes, fault severity, and number of faults). Many studies in the literature have addressed the prediction of fault‐prone classes, from different perspectives, using object‐oriented metrics. The main motivation here is in fact to investigate if the information captured by centrality measures is related to fault proneness and complementary to the information captured by object‐oriented metrics and to investigate if the combination of object‐oriented metrics and centrality measures improves the performance of fault‐proneness prediction significantly. We used size, complexity, and coupling object‐oriented metrics in addition to various centrality measures. We collected data from 20 different versions of five open‐source Java software systems. We first studied the relationships between selected metrics and their relationships to fault proneness. Then, we built different models to predict fault‐prone classes using several machine learning algorithms. In addition, we built models to predict if a class contains a high severity fault, and the number of faults in a class. Results indicate that using centrality measures in combination with object‐oriented metrics improves the prediction of fault‐prone classes as well as the prediction of the number of faults in a class. However, the combination has no significant impact, according to the data we collected, on the quality of the prediction of fault severity. Moreover, using centrality measures in combination with object‐oriented metrics also improves the prediction performance of fault proneness and the number of faults in both cross‐version and cross‐system validation.
A Direct Real‐Time Observation of Anion Intercalation in Graphite Process and Its Fully Reversibility by SAXS/WAXS Techniques
Authors: Greco Giorgia , Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Hahn Robert , Raoux Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe process of anion intercalation in graphite and its reversibility plays a crucial role in the next generation energy‐storage devices. Herein the reaction mechanism of the aluminum graphite dual ion cell by operando X‐ray scattering from small angles to wide angles is investigated. The staging behavior of the graphite intercalation compound (GIC) formation, its phase transitions, and its reversible process are observed for the first time by directly measuring the repeated intercalation distance, along with the microporosity of the cathode graphite. The investigation demonstrates complete reversibility of the electrochemical intercalation process, alongside nano‐ and micro‐structural reorganization of natural graphite induced by intercalation. This work represents a new insight into thermodynamic aspects taking place during intermediate phase transitions in the GIC formation.