bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human iPSC‐derived endothelial cells promote CNS remyelination via BDNF and mTORC1 pathway
Authors: Ma Dan , Zhang Huiyuan , Yin Le , Xu Hao , Wu Lida , Shaji Rahul , Rezai Fatema , Mulla Ayesha , Kaur Sukhteerath , Tan Shengjiang , Kysela Boris , Wang Yilong , Chen Zhiguo , Zhao Chao , Gu Yuchun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDamage of myelin is a component of many diseases in the central nervous system (CNS). The activation and maturation of the quiescent oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the crucial cellular processes for CNS remyelination, which is influenced by neuroinflammation in the lesion microenvironment. Endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐ECs) have shown promise in restoring function in various preclinical animal models. Here we ask whether and whether transplantation of hiPSC‐ECs could benefit remyelination in a mouse model of CNS demyelination. Our results show that in vitro, hiPSC‐ECs increase OPC proliferation, migration and differentiation via secreted soluble factors including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). hiPSC‐ECs also promote the survival of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vitro and in vivo. Transplantation of hiPSC‐ECs into a toxin‐induced demyelination lesion in mouse corpus callosum (CC) leads to increased density of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and level of myelin in demyelinated area, correlated with a decreased neuroinflammation and an increased proportion of pro‐regenerative M2 phenotype in microglia/macrophages. The hiPSC‐EC‐exposed oligodendrocyte lineage cells showed significant increase in the level of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) both in vitro and in vivo, indicating an involvement of mTORC1 pathway. These results suggest that hiPSC‐ECs may benefit myelin protection and regeneration which providing a potential source of cell therapy for a wide range of diseases and injuries associated with myelin damage.
Public support for obesity prevention policies in Western Australia from 2012 to 2020: Findings from cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Humphreys Lauren , O'Flaherty Ciara , Ambrosini Gina L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThis study explored trends in public support for obesity prevention policies in Western Australia (WA).MethodsA series of cross‐sectional surveys of a representative sample of WA adults aged 25–49 years (N = 11 534) were undertaken between 2012 and 2020 as part of an evaluation of the LiveLighter® mass media campaign, a component of a statewide healthy lifestyle education and promotion programme. Computer‐assisted telephone interviews were used to gauge support for a range of obesity prevention initiatives that could be implemented by government.ResultsA majority of respondents supported a range of obesity prevention policies, including taxes on sugary drinks, urban planning regulations, food labelling and packaging regulations, restrictions on advertising and sponsorship, bans on the sale and marketing of unhealthy food and drink in retail environments and support for education and campaigns. Obesity prevention policies were highly supported by women, people with a healthy weight, and those who had completed secondary school. Support for regulation was high compared to other studies. Notably, there were significant increases in support between baseline and 2020 for ‘taxing soft drinks and using the money to reduce the cost of healthy food’ (72% cf. 80%) and ‘restricting junk food promotions/advertisements on public transport’ (73% cf. 83%).ConclusionsThere is substantial public support for regulatory action on obesity prevention in WA, providing strong rationale for government interventions to improve nutrition and reduce obesity. The LiveLighter® programme may have contributed to increases in support for obesity prevention policies in WA.So What?There is potential to implement robust obesity prevention policies in WA.
Promoting equitable health workforce distribution through improved migration governance: A mixed methods study of African health professionals' perceptions in Australia
Authors: Yakubu Kenneth , Campain Anna , Abimbola Seye , Bouckley Tristan , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina , Shanthosh Janani 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined skilled health worker (SHW) migration governance in African countries and Australia, with an emphasis on areas of influence for achieving an equitable global health workforce distribution.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods research design with African SHW migrants in Australia. An institutional and rights‐based framing of governance guided thematic analysis of the interviews, which was mapped to survey findings from a Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis.ResultsThe findings imply that Australian state actors enforce laws that attract SHW migrants and promote safe clinical practice, but do not adequately address their integration concerns or role in health system strengthening. Non‐state actors in Australia make donations to African health institutions but rarely promote health workforce equity. African state actors respond to increased SHW migration trends by increasing health worker training and limiting migration, but they lack a comprehensive governance framework for involving citizens and engaging foreign governments. There is limited evidence of a shared community definition of SHW migration governance in many African countries.ConclusionWhen stakeholders in both sending and receiving countries recognise the indivisibility of the rights at stake (for example, SHW rights as migrants and the right to health), support for an equity‐focused SHW migration governance system may increase. Promoting these rights can result in policies that enhance health system strengthening in destination and source countries. Similarly, growing adoption of these rights in sending countries should help inspire a coordinated plan for strengthening health system and SHW migration governance.
A heterodimer of α and β hemoglobin chains functions as an innate anticancer agent
Authors: Chelladurai Maharrish , Xu Dan , Izraely Sivan , Ben‐Menachem Shlomit , Bengaiev Roman , Sagi‐Assif Orit , Yuan Weirong , Pasmanik Chor Metsada , Hoon Dave S. , Lu Wuyuan , Witz Isaac P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetastatic (as well as tumor) microenvironments contain both cancer‐promoting and cancer‐restraining factors. The balance between these opposing forces determines the fate of cancer cells that disseminate to secondary organ sites. In search for microenvironmental drivers or inhibitors of metastasis, we identified, in a previous study, the beta subunit of hemoglobin (HBB) as a lung‐derived antimetastatic factor. In the present study, exploring mechanisms regulating melanoma brain metastasis, we discovered that brain‐derived factors restrain proliferation and induce apoptosis and necrosis of brain‐metastasizing melanoma cells. Employing various purification procedures, we identified a heterodimer composed of hemoglobin alpha and beta chains that perform these antimetastatic functions. Neither the alpha nor the beta subunit alone was inhibitory. An alpha/beta chain dimer chemically purified from human hemoglobin inhibited the cell viability of primary melanomas, melanoma brain metastasis (MBM), and breast cancer cell lines. The dimer‐induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest at the SubG1 phase, apoptosis, and significant necrosis in four MBM cell lines. Proteomic analysis of dimer‐treated MBM cells revealed that the dimer downregulates the expression of BRD4, GAB2, and IRS2 proteins, playing crucial roles in cancer cell sustainability and progression. Thus, we hypothesize that the hemoglobin dimer functions as a resistance factor against brain‐metastasizing cancer cells.
Efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with dose‐dense paclitaxel and carboplatin in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced triple‐negative breast cancer: A prospective cohort study with propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Liu Jiaxuan , He Maiyue , Ou Kaiping , Wang Xin , Wang Yipeng , Qi Liqiang , Chai Yue , Jiang Mingxia , Ma Fei , Luo Yang , Yuan Peng , Zhang Pin , Xu Binghe , Li Qiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOptimizing neoadjuvant therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still an urgent problem to be solved in the clinic. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with dose‐dense paclitaxel and carboplatin (Apa+ddTCb) vs dose‐dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimens alone (ddTCb) in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced TNBC. TNBC patients with clinical stage I‐IIIC were enrolled to receive neoadjuvant Apa+ddTCb therapy. Enrolled patients who underwent surgery were matched with TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant ddTCb therapy by propensity score matching. 25 locally advanced TNBC patients were enrolled for neoadjuvant Apa+ddTCb therapy. The overall clinical ORR achieved 88.00% and DCR achieved 100.0% after 6 cycles. For 23 patients who received surgery, 69 TNBC patients who received neoadjuvant ddTCb therapy were matched. The pCR rate (60.9% vs 30.4%, P = .009) and the BCS rate (47.8% vs 21.7%, P = .016) were significantly improved in the Apa+ddTCb group. The incidence of adverse events, especially those related to antiangiogenic therapy, was higher in the Apa+ddTCb group. Further immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the expression levels of VEGF, EGFR, p‐VEGFR2 and CK17 were significantly decreased after receiving neoadjuvant therapy in the Apa+ddTCb group, and the baseline CK17 expression level in non‐pCR patients was significantly higher than those in the pCR patients. Progression‐free survival was not reached yet. Apa+ddTCb regimen achieved an improved efficacy and acceptable adverse events compared with ddTCb regimen, which might be a promising strategy in the neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced TNBC.
Impact of resident participation on surgical outcomes in laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Lee A. Jin , Kim Seo‐Yeon , Jang Eun Bi , Hyun Jeong‐Ah , Yang Eun Jung , So Kyeong A. , Lee Sun Joo , Lee Ji Young , Kim Tae Jin , Kang Soon‐Beom , Shim Seung‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare surgical outcomes in patients with benign diseases who underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) to determine the association between surgical outcomes and resident participation in the gynecologic field.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study was conducted of patients diagnosed with benign gynecologic diseases who underwent LAVH between January 2010 and December 2015. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between the resident involvement and non‐involvement groups. The primary endpoint was the 30‐day postoperative morbidity. Observers were propensity matched for 17 covariates for resident involvement or non‐involvement.ResultsOf the 683 patients involved in the study, 165 underwent LAVH with resident involvement and 518 underwent surgery without resident involvement. After propensity score matching (157 observations), 30‐day postoperative morbidity occurred in 6 (3.8%) and 4 (2.5%) patients in the resident involvement and non‐involvement groups, respectively (P = 0.501). The length of hospital stay differed significantly between the two groups: 5 days in the resident involvement group and 4 days in the non‐involvement group (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Charlson Comorbidity Index >2 (odds ratio [OR] 8.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.68–23.96; P < 0.001), operative time (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03; P < 0.001), and estimated blood loss (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.00; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with 30‐day morbidity, but resident involvement was not statistically significant.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the 30‐day morbidity rate when residents participated in LAVH. These findings suggest that resident participation in LAVH may be a viable approach to ensure both residency education and patient safety.
Impact of prior use of topical hemostatic agents on trial of labor after cesarean: Insights from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Levy Romi , Sela Hen Y. , Weiss Ari , Rotem Reut , Grisaru‐Granovsky Sorina , Rottenstreich Misgav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between a topical hemostatic agent used at the time of cesarean delivery and uterine scar disruption (rupture or dehiscence) at the subsequent trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC).MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted (2005–2021). Parturients with a singleton pregnancy in whom a topical hemostatic agent was placed during the primary cesarean delivery were compared with patients in whom no such agent was placed. We assessed the uterine scar disruption rate after the subsequent TOLAC and the rate of adverse maternal outcomes. Univariate analyses were followed by multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsDuring the study period, 7199 women underwent a trial of labor and were eligible for the study; 430 (6.0%) had prior use of a hemostatic agent, 6769 (94.0%) did not. In univariate analysis, a history of topical hemostatic agent use was not found to be significantly associated with uterine scar rupture, dehiscence, or failed trial of labor. This was also confirmed on multivariate analysis for uterine rupture (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 0.66–5.54; P = 0.23), dehiscence of uterine scar (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 0.56–4.68; P = 0.37), and TOLAC failure (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79–1.48; P = 0.61).ConclusionA history of hemostatic agent use is not associated with an increased risk for uterine scar disruption after subsequent TOLAC. Further prospective studies in other settings are needed to strengthen these findings.
Partial N‐acetyl glutamate synthase deficiency presenting as postpartum hyperammonemia: Diagnosis and subsequent pregnancy management
Authors: Abou Haidar Lea , Pachnis Panayotis , Gotway Garrett K. , Ni Min , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , McNutt Markey C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractN‐acetyl glutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency (OMIM #: 237310) is a rare urea cycle disorder that usually presents early in life with hyperammonemia. NAGS catalyzes the synthesis of N‐acetyl glutamate (NAG) which functions as an activator of the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase‐1 mediated conversion of ammonia to carbamoyl phosphate. The absence of NAG results in a proximal urea cycle disorder which can result in severe neurologic sequelae secondary to hyperammonemia and even death. Unlike the other urea cycle disorders, a specific pharmacological treatment for NAGS deficiency exists in the form of carglumic acid, an analog of NAG. Here we present a 29‐year‐old previously healthy female who presented with hyperammonemia and obtundation just after the birth of her first child. Exome sequencing revealed two novel variants in the NAGS gene, and plasma metabolomics revealed extremely low levels of NAG. Carglumic acid treatment led to prompt resolution of her biochemical abnormalities and symptoms. She tolerated two subsequent pregnancies, 2 years and 6 years after her initial presentation, while taking carglumic acid, and breastfed her third child, all without complications in the mother or children. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering urea cycle disorders in previously‐healthy adults presenting with neurological symptoms during periods of metabolic stress, including the postpartum period. It also highlights the efficacious and safe use of carglumic acid during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.
The isolation of benzo[a]pyrene‐degrading strain and its cometabolic bioremediation with salicylic acid of long‐term PAH‐polluted soil
Authors: Xie Huanhuan , Zhang Xinying , Liu Xiaoyan , He Lihong , Jiao Anxing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are typical contaminants in soil, and the high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) PAHs are especially recalcitrant to remove. Microbial degradation as a promising approach has been used in PAH‐polluted soil remediation; however, the removal of HMW PAHs still needs to be further explored. In order to isolate more HMW‐PAH‐degrading strains and improve the removal of HMW PAHs in long‐term contaminated soil. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), as a representative HMW PAH was selected to explore the removal of HMW PAHs from soil. A BaP‐degrading strain named Achromobacter xylosoxidans B‐2 was isolated, and its degradation ability was explored in mineral salt medium (MSM) and PAH‐contaminated soil. Cosubstrates were added to enhance the removal of PAHs in soil. The results showed that A. xylosoxidans B‐2 could remove 87% of BaP at a concentration of 1 mg/L within 15 days in MSM. The average removal efficiency of HMW PAHs in soil was 19.92% after 30‐day bioremediation by A. xylosoxidans B‐2. Salicylic acid as cosubstrate increased the removal efficiency by 11.32%–14.66% for five‐ring PAHs and 9.72%–13.02% for six‐ring PAHs, respectively. The addition of cosubstrate not only improved the soil properties but also stimulated the soil microbial activity to enhance the removal of HMW PAHs. This study may provide new insights into bioremediation for HMW‐PAH‐contaminated soil.
Recent Scenario of Surfactants Modified Graphene and Its Derivatives‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites—Review
Authors: Yeole Shreya P. , Jadhav Pratibha S. , Joshi Girish M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfluence of surfactants on polymer nanocomposites has revealed noteworthy performance and the properties of mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical. Incorporating graphene loading (wt%) in polymer system, matrices demonstrated enhancement of properties and antiflocculation of graphene particles. Here, various methodologies are examined comprehensively synthesis of surfactant‐modified graphene and subsequently incorporating it into polymer matrices. A consolidated overview of these approaches is provided in detail. Parameters required for the dispersion of nanofiller graphene are also emphasized. Surfactant‐modified graphene poured into polymer composites is preferred for applications in the domain of electrical, sensing technology, and high elevated temperature regions. Prospects and challenges required for the functionalized graphene modifications for polymer–graphene nanofillers are exhibited.
Partially Bio‐Based Polyester Bead Foams via Extrusion Foaming of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(butylene furanoate) Blends
Authors: Mielke Christian , Pospiech Doris , Kuhnigk Justus , Korwitz Andreas , Komber Hartmut , Bernhardt Ricardo , Krebs Nico , Boldt Regine , Ruckdäschel Holger , Voit Brigitte 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe interest in bio‐based alternatives to classical polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) is steadily growing to achieve a more sustainable approach to polymer materials. In this study, PBT/poly(butylene furanoate) (PBF) blends are prepared, characterized and extrusion foamed. PBF as a bio‐based polyester offers two advantages. The ecological footprint of the material is reduced, and additionally, it can be used in Diels‐Alder reactions at the blend surface to support fusion of the foamed beads. The blending behavior of the polyesters is investigated using samples prepared in a microcompounder, particularly focused on the miscibility of the blends and transesterification reactions. The blends are thermodynamically immiscible but show a certain degree of transesterification according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The morphology of blend beads produced by an extrusion foaming process is analyzed regarding their cell density, cell size distribution, and open‐cell content. It is shown that PBF has a positive effect on the bead foam morphology. The use of a bifunctional linker designed for chemical fusion of the bead surfaces allows to obtaining of molded parts, in contrast to beads containing pure PBT.
Identification of a novel COL7A1 variant associated with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa responding effectively to dupilumab
Authors: Zhao Caichou , Cao Shuanglin , Gao Xinghua , Xu Xuegang , Gu Lixiong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVariants in COL7A1 cause an extremely rare and clinically heterogeneous syndrome known as dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (DEB‐Pr). Duplilumab, a fully humanized anti‐IL‐4Ra monoclonal antibody, can inhibit IL‐4 and IL‐13‐driven signaling.MethodsEthical Compliance: Following our Institutional Review Board, genetic testing has been made available after completing a signed informed consent form. This article presents the case study of a DEB‐Pr patient who received dupilumab therapy. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patient.ResultsThe findings showed that a unique COL7A1 mutation was discovered in the patient who underwent genetic testing. As a result of the patient receiving dupilumab treatment, the individual reported experiencing significantly less itching and considerably improved erythema, less severe scales, crusts, and flattening of plaques.ConclusionIn conclusion, the current investigation showed that to the best of our knowledge, this is the first DEB‐Pr patient with heterozygous COL7A1 (NM_000094.3:c.8110G>A [p. Gly2704Arg]) who responded positively to dupilumab treatment without experiencing any serious side effects.
The stability of perception threshold tracking for long session evaluation of Aβ‐ and Aδ‐fiber function
Authors: Borbjerg Mette Krabsmark , Antonsson Elin , Røikjer Johan , Ejskjaer Niels , Mørch Carsten Dahl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsResearch has proven that epidermal and transcutaneous stimulation can identify the function of Aβ and Aδ fibers (i.e., in diabetes) individually using different electrodes. In this study we aimed to determine the stability of perception thresholds when using such electrodes.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers participated in this study. The perception threshold of Aβ fibers (patch electrode) and Aδ fibers (pin electrode) was estimated 30 times during a period of 60 minutes. A threshold was established every other minute, alternating between the two electrodes. The stimulus duration was 1 millisecond and the interstimulus interval was 1.5 to 2.5 seconds. Linear regressions of the perception threshold as a function of time were performed. The slopes were used as an estimate of habituation and were compared between the electrodes.ResultsThe slope was significantly larger when assessed by the pin electrode (median: 0.020 [0.009 to 0.030] mA/trial) than when assessed by the patch electrode (median: 0.005 [0.001 to 0.018] mA/trial) (P = .017, paired t test). During the session, total increases in perception threshold of approximately 55% and 1% were seen for the pin and patch electrodes, respectively.DiscussionThe two fiber types assessed showed significant perception threshold increases. The higher slope of the pin electrode indicated that the Aδ fibers were more prone to habituation than the Aβ fibers, and that habituation should be considered during prolonged experiments. This assessment is valuable for future research on nerve fiber function using the technique for long session experiments.