bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and morphological characterization of local red chilies from West Sumatra
Authors: Suliansyah I , Ekawati F , Hariandi D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
West Sumatra still stocks local chilies, which, based on information, have good resistance to viruses. This study aims to characterize the morphology of several local red chilies in West Sumatra due to exploration. The characterization refers to general guidelines for compiling descriptions of vegetable (chili) varieties issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia in 2021. The qualitative data from the characterization results were processed using the NTsys Ver.2.02 program to see the kinship of several West Sumatra local red chili. In comparison, the quantitative data were analyzed with various values to determine the criteria for diversity. Based on the results of grouping phylogenetic trees, at a similarity coefficient of 59%, two groups were obtained, namely, the first group consisting of Chilli Kawek Solok Selatan and Chilli Kampung Solok Selatan and the second group consisting of chilies from Chilli Kampung Manangah Solok Selatan, Chilli Lotanbar Limapuluh Kota, Chilli Local Dharmasraya 1, Chilli Local Maninjau, Chilli Local Tanah Datar, Chilli Ateng Maninjau, Chilli Local Pesisir Selatan, Chilli Ateng Pasaman Barat, Chilli Local Sijunjung, Chilli Kuhay Padang Pariaman, Chilli Akar Solok Selatan, and Chilli Local Dharmasraya 2. Chilli Kuhay Padang Pariaman, and Chilli Akar Solok Selatan, have the closest relationship, 94%. In general, the chilies resulting from the exploration had narrow criteria for diversity except for the observation of fruit length of the Chilli Local Maninjau variety.
Effect of bokashi quail manure and rice husk biochar on soil pH and soybean plants growth
Authors: Andayani S , Hayat E S , Mursalin A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The availability of fertile land is currently increasingly limited, so land use leads to suboptimal land. Suboptimal land constraints are low elements of N, P, K, S, and microelements, low soil pH, the possibility of Al and Fe poisoning. The use of bokashi quail manure and rice husk biochar is expected to overcome suboptimal land constraints. The objective of this study is to apply the best amount of bokashi and biochar to soybean plants in poor soil. The study employed a completely randomized design, a field experiment methodology. The study used two types of treatments: bokashi quail dung, which came in doses of 15, 30, and 45 grams per polybag, and rice husk biochar, which came in doses of 15, 30, and 45 grams per polybag. According to the study’s findings, applying bokashi 30 grams per polybag along with 15 grams of rice husk biochar per polybag could lead to the greatest rise in soil pH when compared to other treatments. The use of bokashi quail manure alone, at doses between 30 and 45 grams per polybag, can result in the highest plant height and number of leaves compared to other treatments.
Application of local resource-based amelioration technology on the chemical properties of Inceptisols in monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems
Authors: Herviyanti H , Maulana A , Habazar T , Noer M , Lita R P , Refdi C W , Fathi A N M , Monikasari M 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe impact of using chemical fertilizers in the cultivation system changes the soil’s physicochemical characteristics. Local resources-based amelioration technology can be used as a solution to increase soil fertility and plant productivity. This study aimed to measure changes in the chemical properties of Inceptisols in monoculture and polyculture cultivation systems. A randomized block design was used in this research with eight treatments and three replications. Treatments were carried out with equivalent doses: control; bamboo biochar (BB)+ Tithonia green fertilizer(TGF)+manure+compost; BB+TGF+manure; BB+TGF+compost; BB+manure+compost; TGF+manure+compost; conventional technique and Ministry of Agriculture recommendation (MAR). The results showed that the addition of ameliorant tended to have higher pH than conventional and control. The highest organic-C of the monoculture was obtained in TGF+manure+compost, which was 0.39; 0.49; and 0.47 more elevated compared to the control, conventional technique, and MAR. Meanwhile, the highest organic-C in the polyculture system was found in BB+TGF+manure and almost the same as BB+manure+compost, but higher by 1.15, 1.01, and 1.01 compared to control, conventional, and MAR. The available-P in the monoculture system was almost the same for all treatments, while for the polyculture system, BB+manure+compost, BB+manure+compost, and MAR showed that the values were almost the same and higher than the others.
Optimization on co-composting of horse manure with pineapple waste composition using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Mohd Sokri S S , Tee T P , Nurin A M Y , Azhar S , Nayan N , Hj Suyub I B 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Horse manure (HM) content of nitrogen and phosphorus can improve soil nutrient as organic fertilizer. Biodegradable pineapple waste (PW) contains high organic carbon, which is also a good bulking agent if appropriately treated with HM through co-composting to optimize the better quality of the co-compost product. The study objective was to optimize the composting quality of HM with PW via response surface methodology (RSM). Twenty treatments based on 3 level codes (-α, 0, +α) of three compositing factors, namely co-composting period (20, 25, 30 days), percentage of composition HM: PW (85:15, 90:10, 95:5) and particle size of PW (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 cm), respectively were designed using the central composite design (CCD). At the end of composting period, the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), moisture content (MC), bulk density and pH were determined as co-compost qualities (dependent responses). The optimum results indicated that the Day 20 of composting period, composition 95:5 (HM: PW) and 0.25 cm of particle size had significant optimum values of 27.2 % DM, 72.8 % MC, 90.3 % OM and pH 6.7. No significant interaction of the three factors was found on C/N ratio and bulk density by RSM analysis. Subsequently, the significant results of optimum value developed a prediction model for co- composting HM and PW.
Study on physical properties of rangeland at some slope levels in Nagari Aie Dingin, District of Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency
Authors: Variastuti S , Herviyanti  , Yulnafatmawita  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A field study was carried out in Nagari Aie Dingin, Lembah Gumanti District, Solok Regency. This research was aimed to examine the physical properties of Inceptisols at several slope levels in the research location. The soil samples were taken by purposive sampling based at slope levels (slightly steep [8-15%], moderately steep [15-25%], steep [25-45%], and very steep [>45%]), and in coffee field (25-45%) for two soil depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm). The results showed that the research area had silt loam, silty clay loam, and silt clay in texture. By increasing slope level (from 8-15% to >45%), soil organic matter content tended to decrease (from 5.74 to 2.58), bulk density increased (from 0.58 to 0.79 g/cm3), total soil porosity decreased (from 71.20 to 62.80), permeability rate decreased (from 9.47 to 4.01), for both soil depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm). Meanwhile, aggregate stability index was considered moderate. Compared to the land under coffee cultivation, the level of soil physical properties under the rangeland was still lower than that under coffee plantation. There was a negative correlation between SOM and soil BD (r (0-30 cm) = -0.85 and r (30-60 cm) = -0.69) and positive correlation between SOM and STP (r (0-30 cm) = 0.95, r (30-60 cm) = 0.80) and between SOM and soil permeability (r (0-30 cm) = 0.37, r (30-60 cm) = 0.85). Based on the fact, it is suggested to apply appropriate cultivation techniques and to provide suitable input in improving the soil physical properties.
Restoration of soil chemical and mercury content in former mining land with the application of biochar, manure and clay for the sunflower growth and production
Authors: Gusmini  , Arlius F , Adrinal  , Fauzan R , Putri E L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The former gold mining land is a land that has a deficient fertility level and is contained heavy metals such as mercury (Hg). The purpose of this research is to study the role of biochar, manure, and clay and the role of sunflowers in reducing mercury (Hg) in the restoration of the former gold mining land. The researcher used a random design method with groups of 3 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatment consists of 0 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha, and 20 ton/ha biochar, manure, and clay. The result of this research shows the effect of biochar, manure, and clay in reviving the chemical properties of the soil and able to reducing mercury levels in the soil and increasing the production of sunflowers. The best treatment happened in the dose of 20 tons/ha, increasing the chemical properties with the value pH 6.12, P-available 30,89 ppm, C-organic 2,457%, N-total 0,1459%, CEC 23.87 me.100g-1, K-dd 0,1309 me.100g-1, Mg-dd 0,254 me.100g-1, Na-dd 0,116 me.100g-1, Hg 19,748 ppm, sunflower production 4,14 g/100 seeds and sunflowers able to accumulate mercury in the trunk 15,05 ppm and 6,69 ppm in the root.
Role of coffee plantation in reducing erosion under coarse textured soil in wet tropical region
Authors: Yulnafatmawita  , Maira L , Gusmini  , Edwin  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Water erosion is one phenomenon causing land degradation in a wet area. The research was aimed to evaluate the total of soil erosion under coffee plantations having coarse textured soil in wet tropical regions. This research was taken out on a coffee plantation in Sibarasok, Maninjau having rather to very steep slope and high annual rainfall, with Inceptisol soil order. Soil samples were taken from 6 land units (Coffee-86 y having 0-8%, 25-45%, and >45%, Coffee 5 y-15-25%, Coffee 8 y-25-45%, and forest >45% as control). The samples of soil were prepared and analyzed in the Laboratory of Soil, Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Andalas University. The actual amount of soil eroded was predicted using the USLE formula. Then, it was compared to the tolerated (Etol) soil erosion. The result showed that the predicted amount of soil eroded was quite low (<10 T/Ha/y), except under coffee having >45% slope. The highest soil eroded in the very steep slope was due to its low SOM content and permeability, with an erosion hazard level of 1.2. Compared to tolerated erosion (Etol), the actual soil erosion predicted was lower than the Etol. The fiber roots of the coffee dominating the top 5 cm of soil surface as well as high SOM content and hydraulic conductivity rate caused the soil on the top to become tightly held avoiding erosion.
Changes in soil chemical properties due to conversion of rubber plantation land to food crops with a slash-and-burn system in the regency of Sijunjung, West Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Sandi N , Naspendra Z , Juniarti  , Hendra A M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Rubber plantation area is an agroforestry cover area that resembles a forest cover area. Recently, there have been many land conversions, both from forests to intensive agricultural areas, agroforestry to intensive agricultural areas. Land conversion is mostly carried out by the slash-and-burn method with negative impacts causing land degradation. This study was aimed to determine changes in several parameters of chemical properties on land that has undergone burning. This research had been conducted from April to August 2022 in Nagari Padang Laweh, Koto VII District, Sijunjung Regency. Then continued at the Soil Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. Soil samples were taken from three land uses, namely, Rubber fields, former Rubber plants that had been cut down and former Rubber plants that had been planted with Corn on the same slopes. The data obtained from the results of the analysis were processed using microsoft excel and read with a table of criteria for soil chemical properties. The results showed a decrease in several parameters of soil chemical properties on land that was converted by the slash-and-burn method. After the land was planted with food crops, there was an increase in some of the parameters of chemical properties studied.
Effective concentration of entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuil as biological control agents for Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Nelly N , Reflinaldon  , Meriqorina S R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith) is an invasive pest that attacks corn plants. This pest control can be done using several techniques. Biological control for S. frugiperda is using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The study to obtain an effective concentration of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana for controlling S. frugiperda. The study was conducted at the Insect Bioecology Lab and Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas. The study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and was repeated five times. The treatments consist of a suspension of the fungi B. bassiana with different densities, namely 106, 107, 108, 109 conidia/ml and control (aquadest + tween 80). Parameters observed were larval mortality, percentage of Pupae formed, percentage of adults offsprings, and the number of normal and defective adults as well as male and female adults. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), further tested with LSD at a 5% level, and analysis probit to known LC100. The results showed that the higher the concentration, the higher the mortality of the larvae. The effective suspension of B. bassiana as control of S. frugiperda was a concentration of 109, caused larvae mortality percentage of 84%, Pupae formation of 4%, adults offspring 2%, and sex ratio male: female (1:0), normal and abnormal adults 0:1. To get larvae mortality up to 100%, the LC100 is 1018 conidia/ml.
Potential of actinobacteria as biocontrol agents to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro
Authors: Rahma H , Trisno J , Martinius  , Shafira S D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Xanthomans oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a pathogen that causes bacterial leaf blight in rice plants.Biological control using microorganisms, one of which incorporates actinobacteria, is one of the most extensively used control techniques. This work aimed to find actinobacteria isolates from rice that can inhibit Xoo growth in vitro. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed in this experiment, with 14 treatments and three replications. There are 13 isolates used: Act-Hr 49, Act-Hr 21, Act-Hr 24, Act-Pha 4, Act-Mn2, Act-LB3, Act Pha 2.3, Act Pha 3.4, Act-Pha 3.3, Act-Hr 47, Act Pha 3.5, Act-Krj 21, Act-SK2 and control (Xoo without Actinobacteria treatment). The ability of actinobacterial isolates to reduce Xoo growth in vitro and the enzyme activity of each isolate were measured. The study revealed that three Actinobacteria isolates, Act-LB3, Act-Mn2, and Act-Pha4, could potentially suppress Xoo bacteria’s growth with inhibition indices ranging from 12 mm to 15 mm Act-LB3 isolate produced catalase enzyme, while Act-Pha4 isolate produced both catalase and protease enzyme. The results indicate that actinobacteria from the rice rhizosphere could produce antibacterial metabolites and enzyme activity.
Exploration of the indigenous rhizosphere fungi as corncob waste decomposers and its potential as biological agent Fusarium graminearum and increase corn growth
Authors: Nurbailis  , Liswarni Y , Yanti Y , Widiastuti A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Corncob waste can be used as compost; corncob compost that microbial decomposers have composted positively affects soil and plants. The objectives of this study are 1). It was obtaining the type of fungi from the corn rhizosphere that acts as a decomposer of corncob waste and 2) knowing the potential of corncob waste compost in suppressing F. graminearum, which causes stem rot on corn and increasing plant growth. The designs used for the two steps of the study were: Randomized Block Designs with ten treatments and four replication. The first step is using the rhizosphere fungi isolates for composting corncob waste. The second step is testing corncob composted by ten different types of rhizosphere fungi to suppress corn stem rot caused by F. graminearum. Parameters observed in the first step were: the number of conidia and the number of propagules of rhizosphere fungi in corncobs compost. The third step was: Incubation period, disease incidence, disease severity, number of dead plants, and plant growth. The result of the research indicated that the corn rhizosphere obtained 15 isolates of fungi that varied the color, shape of the colony, and growth rate. The highest number of propagules was found in compost decomposed by rhizosphere fungi RF4, while the number of conidia classified as high was found in RF4, Rf, and RF6 compost. All corncob compost decomposed by rhizosphere fungi was able to suppress stem rot disease caused by F. graminearum.
The antagonistic potential of Bacillus spp. against Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt disease in ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Sussanti D , Khairul U , Resti Z 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease in ginger which can cause yield losses of more than 90%. One way to control the disease is by biological control using the microorganism, Bacillus. Bacillus spp. is recognized to have the ability to control pests and diverse phytopathogens through the induction of systemic resistance in plants. This study aimed to obtain Bacillus spp. that can prevent the bacterial wilt disease in ginger caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. This study was carried out at the Microbiology Laboratory and Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas, from July to October 2022. The experiment introduced 5 Bacillus (Bacillus cereus Se07, Bacillus cereus P14, Bacillus sp. SJI, Bacillus sp. HI, and Bacillus subtilis) and control, inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum at one month old. The parameters of ginger that will be observed were incubation period, disease incidence, and disease severity. The results show that the treatment of B. cereus P14 is the best ability to suppress the severity of bacterial wilt disease by 37.03% with an effectiveness of 47.38%.
The dosage of biopesticide formulation of local Metarhizium anisopliae flour in compost(metankos) against Oryctes rhinoceros L.
Authors: Fauzana H , Nelvia  , Rustam R , Puspita F , Feronica R 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) is the main pest that causes severe impacts on palm oil plantations. The technology for controllingO. rhinocerosis more focused on utilizing the biological agentMetarhizium anisopliae, which is added to the compost called Metankos. The study aimed to obtain the best dose of localM. anisopliaebiopesticide flour formulation on Metankos on mortality ofO. rhinoceroslarvae. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design consisting of eight treatments with four replications to obtain 32 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 larvae ofO. rhinocerosinstar II. The treatments used several doses ofM. anisopliaeflour formulation with doses of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 g/5 kg compost/bucket. The result showed that a 60 g/5 kg compost/bucket of the best compost mixed with a formulation ofM. anisopliaeflour induced a 52.5% mortality rate forO. rhinoceroslarvae.
Fungicidal activity nanoemulsions of citronella oils (Cymbopogon nardus L.) against rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi
Authors: Harahap R F , Martinius  , Darnetty  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi are one of the causes of decreased rice productivity. Nanoemulsion of citronella oil is an alternative control for seed-borne pathogenic fungi carried by rice seeds and is effective and environmentally friendly. The research aimed to determine the effective concentration of nanoemulsions of citronella oil in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi. The study was conducted in two stages: 1. In the laboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and four replications. 2. Greenhouse uses the same design and treatment in stage one. The treatments used were control (soaking using sterile distilled water), nanoemulsion of citronella oil concentrations of 0.40%, 0.45%, 0.50%, 0.55%, 0.60%, and synthetic fungicide with propineb active site (70 WP) at a 2 g/l. The data obtained were analyzed using variance with the advanced test of Least Significance Different (LSD) at the 5% level. The parameters observed were the percentage of rice seeds that were attacked by fungi, identification of seed-borne pathogenic fungi, percentage of rice seeds that were attacked by each fungus, percentage of seedlings that appeared in the field, percentage of seedlings attacked by fungi, percentage of dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. The result showed that nanoemulsion with a concentration of 0.50% was the most effective in controlling rice seed-borne pathogenic fungi, with the effectiveness of seeds being attacked suppressed by fungus, seedlings appearing in the field, seedlings being attacked by fungus, dead seedlings, seedling height, fresh and dry weight seeds were 75.00%, 60.00%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 60.83%, 141.55%, 366,67% respectively.
Mixed rice husk ash and powder of Piper aduncum fruit as an alternative control of Spodoptera frugiperda in corn plants
Authors: Lina E C , Buana M P , Nelly N , Refrinaldon  , Reflin  
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe insecticidal activity of Piper aduncum fruit has been reported, and the rice husk ash is well used as an alternative control of the new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of a mixture rice husk ash andP. aduncumfruit powder as an alternative control ofS. frugiperdaon maize. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), including preliminary and follow-up tests. The test used the sowing method on the leaf, consisting of five treatments plus control and five replications. Observation parameters were larval mortality, larval development time, percentage of pupae formed, rate of imago appearing, and sex ratio. In general, a single treatment ofP. aduncumfruit powder and rice husk ash can cause the death ofS. frugiperdalarvae, inhibit the development of larvae that survive after treatment, and reduce the percentage of pupae and imago when compared to controls. It also affects the ratio of males and females of imago appearance. Probit analysis of the mixed treatment ofP. aduncumfruit powder and rice husk ash (1:1) showed the LC50 and LC95 values were 2.06 g and 12.93 g, respectively. A mixture of rice husk ash andP. aduncumfruit powder can be used as an alternative to controlS. frugiperdawith the index combination value at the LC50 and LC95level were 0.58 and 0.65 respectively, which indicates the index combination is a weak synergistic.