bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric morphometrics of macro- and meiofaunal priapulid pharyngeal teeth provides a proxy for studying Cambrian “tooth taxa”
Authors: Wernström Joel Vikberg , Slater Ben J. , Sørensen Martin V. , Crampton Denise , Altenburger Andreas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Priapulids are marine, benthic ecdysozoan worms that feed using a distinctive toothed pharynx. While only a handful of lineages have survived to the present day, the heyday of priapulid diversity in the Cambrian left behind a rich record of articulated body fossils and characteristic trace fossils in the form of burrows. Recently, the fossil record of isolated priapulid cuticular elements including pharyngeal teeth have gained increased attention as a means of revealing cryptic priapulid taxa otherwise unknown among macrofossils. In this study, we focus on the ecological implications of shape variation in the teeth of extant and extinct priapulids, which display substantial morphological differences between taxa and life stages. We define a landmarking scheme to capture shape variation in priapulid teeth and apply it to our dataset, which includes a breadth of tooth specimens from extant macrofaunal and meiofaunal lineages alongside numerous Cambrian priapulid teeth preserved as isolated small carbonaceous fossils. Through ordination of the principal components of shape we explore the priapulid tooth morphospace and find evidence that its occupancy has expanded since Cambrian times, indicating a corresponding expansion of the group’s ecological niche. We also employ our geometric morphometric approach to make linear discriminant analysis-based taxon assignments based on tooth morphology, which can be helpful for classifying enigmatic “tooth taxa” known solely from fossil teeth. Finally, we use discriminant analysis to study tooth shapes from a functional perspective, considering known ecologies to characterise the ecological functions of unclassified isolated teeth.
A 1500-years record of North Atlantic storminess from the Shetland Islands (UK)
Authors: Hess Katharina , Engel Max , Patel Tasnim , Vakhrameeva Polina , Koutsodendris Andreas , Klemt Eckehard , Hansteen Thor H. , Kempf Philipp , Dawson Sue , Schön Isa , Heyvaert Vanessa M. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Severe storm surges pose a major hazard to the coasts of northwestern Europe. Therefore, high-resolution records of past North Atlantic storminess are required to assess (i) whether storm activity has increased in recent decades and (ii) which future risks may arise from storm surges. This study aims to decipher storm-induced overwash processes in lacustrine sediment cores from a coastal lake on the Shetland Islands by investigating distinct sand and peat layers. This multi-proxy study utilises a range of methods such as; Bayesian AMS-14C and 137Cs age-depth models, cryptotephra, sedimentological, and geochemical (i.e., XRF, TOC) analyses, and the re-analysis of historical data. The XRF Si/Ti ratio and the unimodal grain-size distribution clearly show that the sand layers originate from the beach and thus are representative of storms originating from a northwesterly direction. Phases of higher storminess occurred 980–1050, 1150–1300, 1450–1550, 1820–1900 and 1950–2000 AD which correlate with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation mode enhancing water inflow into the Norwegian Sea. High-intensity storms from other directions than north(west) and a southward shift of storm tracks prevailed during the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1400–1850 AD). During warm phases of the last 1500 years, storm tracks have shifted towards the northeast Atlantic, thus confirming a possible trend for future storm track changes and increased storminess in the northern region of the North Sea as predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Harlequin Syndrome during Peripheral Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Patient with an Obstructing Tracheal Schwannoma: A Case Report
Authors: Karam Cynthia , Nafeh Nancy Abou , Aouad Marie T. , Siddik-Sayyid Sahar , Kaddoum Roland , Zeeni Carine , Anka Sandra , Shaya Bashir , khalili Amro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Surgical resection of obstructive tracheal tumors can be challenging to cardiothoracic surgeons and anesthesiologists. It is often difficult in these cases to maintain oxygenation by face mask ventilation during induction of general anaesthesia. Also, the extent and location of these tracheal tumors can preclude conventional induction of general anesthesia and subsequent successful endotracheal intubation. Peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under local anaesthesia and mild intravenous sedation may be safe to support the patient until securing a definitive airway. We describe a case of a 19-year-old female with a tracheal schwannoma, who developed differential hypoxemia (Harlequin, or North-South, syndrome) after institution of awake peripheral femorofemoral venoarterial (VA) partial CBP.
Renal Regenerative Capacity Related to Stem Cell Reserve in Nephrectomized Rats
Authors: ARABUL Songul , MELIKOGLU Mustafa , KIRIMLIOGLU Esma , BONEVAL Bezmi Cem , KARAGUZEL Gungor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: On the new era of stem cell therapy, the present experimental study was conducted to investigate renal regenerative capacity related to kidney stem cell reserve in different nephrectomy (Nx) models.
Methods: Three- and eight-week-old rats (n=168) were randomly divided into four groups to include control and three Nx subgroups (1/6 Nx, 1/2 Nx, and 5/6 Nx) (figure 1). On post-Nx days 15, 30 and 60, kidney specimens were obtained to determine renal regenerative capacity. The specimens were examined with immunofluorescence. CD90/CD105 and Ki-67 expressions were determined as stem cell and cellular proliferation markers, respectively.
Results: CD90 and CD105 expressions were stronger in glomeruli, but Ki-67 expressions were present only in tubuli. When all Nx types and post-Nx days were considered, both 3- and 8-week-old rats undergone 5/6 Nx had the highest glomerular CD90 and CD105 double expressions. While the expressions gradually increased toward the day 60 in 3-weeks old rats, 8-week-old rats had almost stable double expressions. The strongest tubular Ki-67 expressions were seen in 5/6 Nx groups of both in 3- and 8-week-old rats. The expressions were strongest on day 15 and then gradually decreased. Ipsilateral 1/6 Nx groups had stronger Ki-67 expression than contralateral ones in both age groups.
Conclusions: Kidneys may pose a regenerative response to tissue/volume loss through its own CD90- and CD105-related stem cell reserve which mainly takes place in glomeruli and seems to have some interactions with Ki-67-related tubular proliferative process. This response supports that kidney stem cells may have a potential to overcome tissue/volume loss-related damage.
The importance of compounding drivers for large river floods
Authors: Jiang Shijie , Tarasova Larisa , Yu Guo , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Estimating river flood risks under global warming is challenging, largely because of the compounding nature of various drivers1,2. Yet to date, the interplay of multiple drivers and how they affect river floods are not well understood. Here we use explainable machine learning to disentangle the interactions between flood drivers and identify the compounding drivers of river floods in thousands of catchments around the world. We find that the majority of river floods worldwide over the past 40 years were attributable to compounding drivers, which often amplified river flood magnitude. Furthermore, the role of compounding drivers becomes more important with increasing flood magnitude in nearly all of the studied catchments, with the strength of this relationship generally depending on the catchment physio-climatic conditions. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that traditional statistical methods using flood frequency analysis underestimate the magnitude of extreme floods because compounding drivers are not properly taken into account3. Overall, our results highlight the need for careful incorporation of compounding drivers in flood risk assessment to improve estimates of extreme floods, in particular in the face of climate change4,5.
Interpretable scRNA-seq Analysis with Intelligent Gene Selection
Authors: Li Bingjie , Zhang Xinyu , Jin Kaixiu , Ni tianhao , Xue Nan , Fu Li , Niu Yanmei , Zhao Kun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Challenges exist in analyzing scRNA-seq data sets due to high dimensionality, significant noise, and information loss. To overcome these obstacles, we present scAIG, an interpretable single-cell analysis framework. scAIG employs a novel correlation measure for cell-to-cell similarity and utilizes an intelligent gene selection method to find the most informative genes for clustering. Thorough comparisons have shown that scAIG surpasses state-of-the-art techniques in both clustering and visualization.
Trends for sanitation practices in Tanzania: the history from colonial to current times
Authors: Mwesongo Chaeka Semango , Mwakipesile Augustino Edgar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although sanitation is a fundamental human right, over 26,500 people die annually due to inadequate sanitation in Tanzania. This situation involves a loss of approximately 301 billion TZS (US$ 206 million). Administrative challenges are part of inadequate sanitation contributors as government actors who took over power after colonization were trained by and emulated the former rulers. Although researchers have researched sanitation practices, few have examined Tanzania's history of sanitation. The paucity of studies on the history of sanitation hinders efforts to address sanitation issues resulting from historical flaws. This review examines the history of sanitation practices in Tanzania, especially the provision of sanitation facilities from colonial times to the present time. In this study, Dar es Salaam received more attention because it was Tanganyika's major urbanized area during colonialism. Thus, it exerted more pressure on sanitation infrastructure. The findings indicate that inequity characterized colonial sanitation provision. After independence, the government's role to improve sanitation was strengthened. However, the emphasis was put on interventions which were top-down, prioritizing latrine construction of any form while disregarding the history of sanitation practices. Further progress could be achieved by considering home-grown solutions and equality in the provision of sanitation services.
La organización de los contenidos escolares en orientaciones curriculares para el conocimiento escolar en Ciencias Naturales (Bogotá, Colombia)
Authors: Martínez Rivera Carmen Alicia , Casimiro Lopes Alice , Cárdenas Navas Ana María , Jirón Popova Mirna 
Published: March 2023

Este artículo busca dar cuenta de la categoría contenidos escolares (organización de los contenidos escolares) en tres documentos de orientación curricular para el área de Ciencias Naturales de la Secretaría de Educación de Bogotá5, por ser ésta una de las categorías para la caracterización del conocimiento escolar de dichas orientaciones. La selección de los documentos contó con el apoyo de profesores y directores de escuelas públicas. El análisis de contenido de los documentos fue realizado en Atlas.ti. Los resultados ponen en evidencia el interés de las orientaciones curriculares de articular la educación científica con la tecnología, abordar la integración curricular a partir de centros de interés y visibilizar la Etnociencia como un contexto propicio para la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales. Así, las orientaciones intentan superar la fragmentación de la organización disciplinaria. Si bien es notoria la preocupación por una apertura a otros referentes, el conocimiento científico se destaca como el central del conocimiento escolar. De allí que, los documentos expresan una hibridación de los discursos curriculares.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Bone Targeting PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded
with Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas
Authors: Zhao Zehao , Deng Yanling , Deng Yu , Chen Zhuojun , Zhou Zhikun 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Targeted nanoparticles’ preparation can enhance local drug concentration and
reduce the side effects of drugs in non-targeted organs. At present, many patents have been applied for
in the field of bone-targeted nanoparticles’ preparations. They play an important role in the treatment
and diagnosis of diseases. In this experiment, nanoparticles with bone targeting function were prepared
by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer and tetracycline. These nanoparticles contain active
ingredients in the Huangqi Sanxian decoction, a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) compound
formula. These nanoparticles are predicted to be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods:
Synthesis of tetracycline targeting groups was performed by acylation reaction, and PLGA
nanoparticles were prepared by the Emulsification-solvent Evaporation Method. The appearance and
particle size of the product were evaluated, and the effects of nanoparticles on the physiological activities
of osteoblasts were observed. Finally, the bone-targeting ability of targeted nanoparticles in vivo
and in vitro was investigated.

Results:
The average particle size of the nanoparticles was about 200 nm, and the average drug entrapment
was 60%. In vitro evaluation of osteoblasts assay showed that the nanoparticles can be well taken
by cells. Their good biocompatibility and sustained-release properties reduce the toxic side effects of
drugs when they promote osteoblasts’ physiological activities. The results of the in vitro and in vivo
bone targeting ability assays showed that tetracycline modified nanoparticles could effectively accumulate
in the bone, indicating the great bone-targeting ability of the nanoparticles. The use of PLGA to
load active components in the TCM compound formulas and remodel targeting groups is expected to
improve drug efficacy, reduce drug dosage, and effects on non- action sites. This may provide new ideas
for the development of TCM compound dosage forms.

Conclusion:
In summary, we prepared PLGA nanoparticles of multiple TCM ingredients with bone targeting
ability, and they had good morphological appearance, and a promoting effect on various physiological
activities of osteoblasts.
Obesity-Related Discourse on Facebook and Instagram Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparative Longitudinal Evaluation
Authors: Pollack Catherine , Gilbert-Diamond Diane , Onega Tracy , Vosoughi Soroush , O'Malley A James , Emond Jennifer A 
Published: March 2023

Background
COVID-19 severity is amplified among individuals with obesity, which may have influenced mainstream media coverage of the disease by both improving understanding of the condition and increasing weight-related stigma.

Objective
We aimed to measure obesity-related conversations on Facebook and Instagram around key dates during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Public Facebook and Instagram posts were extracted for 29-day windows in 2020 around January 28 (the first US COVID-19 case), March 11 (when COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic), May 19 (when obesity and COVID-19 were linked in mainstream media), and October 2 (when former US president Trump contracted COVID-19 and obesity was mentioned most frequently in the mainstream media). Trends in daily posts and corresponding interactions were evaluated using interrupted time series. The 10 most frequent obesity-related topics on each platform were also examined.

Results
On Facebook, there was a temporary increase in 2020 in obesity-related posts and interactions on May 19 (posts +405, 95% CI 166 to 645; interactions +294,930, 95% CI 125,986 to 463,874) and October 2 (posts +639, 95% CI 359 to 883; interactions +182,814, 95% CI 160,524 to 205,105). On Instagram, there were temporary increases in 2020 only in interactions on May 19 (+226,017, 95% CI 107,323 to 344,708) and October 2 (+156,974, 95% CI 89,757 to 224,192). Similar trends were not observed in controls. Five of the most frequent topics overlapped (COVID-19, bariatric surgery, weight loss stories, pediatric obesity, and sleep); additional topics specific to each platform included diet fads, food groups, and clickbait.

Conclusions
Social media conversations surged in response to obesity-related public health news. Conversations contained both clinical and commercial content of possibly dubious accuracy. Our findings support the idea that major public health announcements may coincide with the spread of health-related content (truthful or otherwise) on social media.
Visualization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulas: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Wu Zhiyue , Peng Suyuan , Zhou Liang 
Published: March 2023

Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas are combinations of Chinese herbal medicines. Knowledge of classic medicine formulas is the basis of TCM diagnosis and treatment and is the core of TCM inheritance. The large number and flexibility of medicine formulas make memorization difficult, and understanding their composition rules is even more difficult. The multifaceted and multidimensional properties of herbal medicines are important for understanding the formula; however, these are usually separated from the formula information. Furthermore, these data are presented as text and cannot be analyzed jointly and interactively.

Objective
We aimed to devise a visualization method for TCM formulas that shows the composition of medicine formulas and the multidimensional properties of herbal medicines involved and supports the comparison of medicine formulas.

Methods
A TCM formula visualization method with multiple linked views is proposed and implemented as a web-based tool after close collaboration between visualization and TCM experts. The composition of medicine formulas is visualized in a formula view with a similarity-based layout supporting the comparison of compositing herbs; a shared herb view complements the formula view by showing all overlaps of pair-wise formulas; and a dimensionality-reduction plot of herbs enables the visualization of multidimensional herb properties. The usefulness of the tool was evaluated through a usability study with TCM experts.

Results
Our method was applied to 2 typical categories of medicine formulas, namely tonic formulas and heat-clearing formulas, which contain 20 and 26 formulas composed of 58 and 73 herbal medicines, respectively. Each herbal medicine has a 23-dimensional characterizing attribute. In the usability study, TCM experts explored the 2 data sets with our web-based tool and quickly gained insight into formulas and herbs of interest, as well as the overall features of the formula groups that are difficult to identify with the traditional text-based method. Moreover, feedback from the experts indicated the usefulness of the proposed method.

Conclusions
Our TCM formula visualization method is able to visualize and compare complex medicine formulas and the multidimensional attributes of herbal medicines using a web-based tool. TCM experts gained insights into 2 typical medicine formula categories using our method. Overall, the new method is a promising first step toward new TCM formula education and analysis methodologies.
Patient and Caregiver Perceptions of Advanced Bladder Cancer Systemic Treatments: Infodemiology Study Based on Social Media Data
Authors: Renner Simon , Loussikian Paul , Foulquié Pierre , Marrel Alexia , Barbier Valentin , Mebarki Adel , Schück Stéphane , Bharmal Murtuza 
Published: March 2023

Background
In 2022, it was estimated that more than 80,000 new cases of bladder cancer (BC) were diagnosed in the United States, 12% of which were locally advanced or metastatic BC (advanced BC). These forms of cancer are aggressive and have a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 7.7% for metastatic BC. Despite recent therapeutic advances for advanced BC, little is known about patient and caregiver perceptions of different systemic treatments. To further explore this topic, social media can be used to collect the perceptions of patients and caregivers when they discuss their experiences on forums and online communities.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess patient and caregiver perceptions of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for treating advanced BC from social media–posted data.

Methods
Public posts on social media in the United States between January 2015 and April 2021 from patients with advanced BC and their caregivers were collected. The posts included in this analysis were geolocalized to the United States; collected from publicly available domains and sites, including social media sites such as Twitter and forums such as patient association forums; and were written in English. Posts mentioning any line of chemotherapy or immunotherapy were qualitatively analyzed by two researchers to classify perceptions of treatments (positive, negative, mixed, or without perception).

Results
A total of 80 posts by 69 patients and 142 posts by 127 caregivers mentioning chemotherapy, and 42 posts by 31 patients and 35 posts by 32 caregivers mentioning immunotherapy were included for analysis. These posts were retrieved from 39 public social media sites. Among patients with advanced BC and their caregivers, treatment perceptions of chemotherapy were more negative (36%) than positive (7%). Most of the patients’ posts (71%) mentioned chemotherapy factually without expressing a perception of the treatment. The caregivers’ perceptions of treatment were negative in 44%, mixed in 8%, and positive in 7% of posts. In combined patient and caregiver posts, immunotherapy was perceived positively in 47% of posts and negatively in 22% of posts. Caregivers also posted more negative perceptions (37%) of immunotherapy than patients (9%). Negative perceptions of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy were mainly due to side effects and perceived lack of effectiveness.

Conclusions
Despite chemotherapy being standard first-line therapy for advanced BC, negative perceptions were identified on social media, particularly among caregivers. Addressing these negative perceptions of treatment may improve treatment adoption. Strengthening support for patients receiving chemotherapy and their caregivers to help them manage side effects and understand the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced BC would potentially enable a more positive experience.