bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐production of smart eldercare between technology and service‐oriented companies in China
Authors: Yu Yi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSmart eldercare is promoted as a potential solution to the urgent healthcare crisis stemming from an ageing population and a shortage of staff. The exact meaning of smart eldercare varies among stakeholders, including government bodies, eldercare firms, and the elderly. This study investigates the differing strategies of technology‐focused and service‐focused companies within smart care. Emphasising the political elements of intelligent eldercare, it highlights the importance of co‐production. Using thematic analysis, the study demonstrates that technology‐focused firms at a 2024 smart eldercare summit in Shanghai prioritise innovation and market prospects of emerging technologies, based on ethnographic research. In contrast, service‐oriented firms focus on the pragmatic utilisation of technology in their eldercare services. This study contributes to the understanding of smart eldercare technology adoption and co‐production by revealing the complexities and discussions associated with real‐world implementation.
Association of trajectories of physical frailty status and incident disability in community‐dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Kiuchi Yuto , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Nishimoto Kazuhei , Misu Yuka , Nosaka Shinnosuke , Ohata Tomoka , Makizako Hyuma , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2025

AimFrailty is a mediator between robustness and functional disability. This study examined the association between remission of frailty and incident disability.MethodsThe present study analyzed longitudinal data from 2601 community‐dwelling older adults who were aged ≥65 years (mean age 70.8 ± 4.5 years, 1307 women [50.2%]) using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Next, examining changes in status from wave 1 (2011) to wave 2 (2015), participants were categorized into a frailty group (those who remained or became frail), a remission of frailty group (those who were frail and became robust) and a robust group (those who remained robust). Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to determine the change of frailty status from wave 1 to wave 2, as well as incident disability at wave 2 (median duration 35 months).ResultsOf those participants who started in the frailty or prefrailty groups at wave 1, 15.8% had an improved frailty status at the 47‐month follow up. After adjusting for covariates at baseline, the Cox proportional hazard regression models showed that the hazard ratio of disability among participants who remained robust was significantly less than for those who were in the frailty group (hazard ratio 0.515; 95% confidence interval 0.333–0.796).ConclusionOur data confirm that among those whose frailty status improved, the risk of disability was lower than for those who remained frail. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 220–225.
Quality of life of older adult patients with heart failure with different somatic symptom profiles: The mediating role of depressive symptoms
Authors: Fang Wenjie , Zhang Xiuting , Zhang Yilin , Li Ximiao , Li Jinliang , Fan Xiuzhen 
Published: January 2025

AimWith an increasingly aging population, the management of heart failure (HF) in older adult patients warrants greater attention. This study aimed to identify somatic symptom profiles by using the person‐oriented approach, explore the association between somatic symptom profiles and quality of life (QoL) and examine the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on this association among older adult patients with HF.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved a convenience sample of 445 older adult patients with HF from two tertiary hospitals in China. Patients' somatic symptoms, depressive symptoms and QoL were measured using self‐reported questionnaires. Latent profile analysis, linear regression analysis and mediation analysis were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong the 445 patients (71.84 ± 7.61 years, 49.7% women), four somatic symptom profiles were identified: mild symptoms, high dyspnea symptoms, high difficulty sleeping symptoms and severe symptoms. Considering the mild symptoms profile as a reference, the high difficulty sleeping symptoms and severe symptoms profiles were associated with reduced physical and mental QoL (β = −0.277 to −0.179, all P < 0.001), whereas the high dyspnea symptoms profile was associated with reduced mental QoL (β = −0.105, P = 0.041). Furthermore, both the high difficulty sleeping symptoms and severe symptoms profiles had significantly indirect effects on physical and mental QoL through depressive symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings showed that older adult patients with different HF somatic symptom profiles experience varying levels of QoL. Tailored interventions that facilitate somatic symptom management and alleviate depressive symptoms might improve older adult patients' physical and mental QoL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 251–259.
Association of liver fibrosis progression with non–liver‐related mortality in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Kumada Takashi , Toyoda Hidenori , Yasuda Satoshi , Koshiyama Yuichi , Akita Tomoyuki , Kodama Yuzo , Tanaka Junko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimIn patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the prognosis and outcomes, particularly non–liver‐related mortality, remain insufficiently elucidated. We investigated all‐cause mortality in patients with MASLD to elucidate the association of the severity of liver fibrosis with liver‐related and non–liver‐related mortality in MASLD.MethodsAmong 4528 participants with MASLD, we examined the causes of death and analyzed liver‐related and non–liver‐related mortality, stratified by the degree of fibrosis using the competing risk method. Fibrosis severity was assessed using the Fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) and FIB‐3 indices.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 11.7 years. Of the 4528 participants, 551 died during the follow‐up period, with only 37 (6.7%) deaths attributable to liver‐related diseases and 514 (93.3%) to non–liver‐related causes. For the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, the hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for FIB‐4 were 5.67 (2.20–14.59) and 32.14 (12.40–83.35) and for FIB‐3 were 5.43 (2.73–10.79) and 19.96 (10.50–37.93). For liver‐related mortality, the HRs (95% CI) for FIB‐4 were 6.32 (2.23–17.85) and 27.62 (9.74–78.37) and for FIB‐3 were 7.15 (2.62–19.50) and 19.86 (8.12–48.55), respectively. In contrast, intermediate and high FIB‐4 and FIB‐3 indices were unassociated with non–liver‐related mortality: HRs (95% CI) for FIB‐4 were 0.85 (0.70–1.04) and 0.87 (0.64–1.18), and for FIB‐3 were 0.96 (0.77–1.20) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.64–1.31), respectively.ConclusionsThe progression of liver fibrosis was unassociated with mortality from non–liver‐related causes in patients with MASLD.
Do Formal Stance Strategies Reveal Disciplinary Variation in Professional Scientific Writing?
Authors: Smirnova Elizaveta A. , Pérez‐Guerra Javier 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTStance in academic discourse has been extensively studied, with numerous investigations indicating that its expression varies across disciplines, depending on the authors’ intention to either enhance or diminish their voice or presence (e.g., It seems fairly certain vs. This is based on the belief that…). This paper hypothesises that stance can be viewed as a strictly structural or formal linguistic mechanism in academic discourse, which can optimally determine disciplinary variation. The novelty of this study lies in the hypothesis that formal features of stance alone can identify academic disciplines, without relying on the meaning conveyed by the features. To demonstrate this, this paper focuses on the linguistic expression of stance in hard‐ and soft‐science articles. The corpus of soft and hard scientific writing consists of research articles published in leading peer‐reviewed journals in eight disciplines (chemistry, physics, engineering, mathematics, business studies, history, linguistics and political science) and comprises approximately 1.6 million words. The assessment of the realisation of stance in the aforementioned scientific disciplines is carried out by quantifying a range of grammatical (e.g., modal verb groups and embedded complement clauses) and lexical (boosters, hedges, and self‐mention expressions) features suggested in the literature. The frequencies of the features are statistically modelled by means of, firstly, a multivariate regression analysis that determines the set of features whose contribution to the hard‐ versus soft‐science variation is significant and, secondly, a clustering technique that groups similar disciplines based on exclusively the frequencies of the significant stance features. Clustering very successfully reveals a neat classification of the eight disciplines under investigation into two major clusters corresponding to the initial categorisation of the writings into the hard‐ and soft‐science types. This suggests that the meaning conveyed by the stance features is dispensable for the purpose of disciplinary categorisation.
Comprehensive Analysis of m6A‐Related Programmed Cell Death Genes Unveils a Novel Prognostic Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Cao Yaolin , Liu Jiatao , Wang Wei , Yan Qiuyue , Wang Zhibo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) involves complex dysregulated cellular processes, including programmed cell death (PCD), influenced by N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. This study integrates bulk RNA and single‐cell sequencing data to identify 43 prognostically valuable m6A‐related PCD genes, forming the basis of a 13‐gene risk model (m6A‐related PCD signature [mPCDS]) developed using machine‐learning algorithms, including CoxBoost and SuperPC. The mPCDS demonstrated significant predictive performance across multiple validation datasets. In addition to its prognostic accuracy, mPCDS revealed distinct genomic profiles, pathway activations, associations with the tumour microenvironment and potential for predicting drug sensitivity. Experimental validation identified RCN1 as a potential oncogene driving LUAD progression and a promising therapeutic target. The mPCDS offers a new approach for LUAD risk stratification and personalised treatment strategies.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Liver Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment Among Medical Staff
Authors: Xie Aize , Soontornchai Sarisak , Bovornkitti Somchai , Mao Dewen , Shi Qinglan , You Jianpeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleLiver fibrosis is a critical stage in the progression from liver injury to cirrhosis or tumor formation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown certain effectiveness in treating liver fibrosis. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) studies regarding this topic.Aims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess medical staff's KAP toward liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment, and to explore the association between KAP scores and demographic factors.MethodsDemographic information and KAP scores were collected through a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 262 questionnaires were collected, with 155 (69.82%) females and a mean age of 32.83 ± 8.17 years. Mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 15.99 ± 4.58, 22.69 ± 4.11, and 23.09 ± 3.36, respectively. Working in a teaching hospital (OR = 3.562, 95% CI: 1.214–10.448) was independently associated with adequate knowledge. Knowledge score (OR = 1.104, 95% CI: 1.026–1.186) was independently linked to a positive attitude. Knowledge (OR = 1.263, 95% CI: 1.166–1.368) and attitude score (OR = 1.105, 95% CI 1.010–1.198) were independent predictors of proactive practice. Pathway analysis revealed that knowledge positively affected attitude (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.30, p < 0.001), and attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.22, p < 0.001).ConclusionMedical staff demonstrated adequate knowledge, a negative attitude, and proactive practices regarding liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and TCM treatment. Targeted educational programs, interdisciplinary training, and awareness campaigns should be implemented to improve attitudes and promote proactive patient care.
Do temporary changes in earnings caused by mean reversion affect firms’ refinancing decisions?
Authors: Agliardi Elettra , Charalambides Marios , Chowdhury Md Shahedur R. , Koussis Nicos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe develop a dynamic two‐stage trade‐off model with refinancing when earnings are mean reverting. Our model predicts a negative relation between profitability and leverage at refinancing due to conservative debt increases. With multiple rounds of refinancing, the leverage–profitability relation may turn positive when firms have substantial debt tax shields. Our empirical analysis of US firms reveals that firms with moderate incentives to shield tax benefits with debt internalize the temporary increase in earnings caused by mean reversion at refinancing. However, firms with strong incentives to shield tax benefits take on excessive debt despite the temporary increases in profitability.
Nanostructural Modulation of G‐Quadruplex DNA in Neurodegeneration: Orotate Interaction Revealed Through Experimental and Computational Approaches
Authors: Falanga Andrea Patrizia , Piccialli Ilaria , Greco Francesca , D'Errico Stefano , Nolli Maria Grazia , Borbone Nicola , Oliviero Giorgia , Roviello Giovanni N. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe natural compound orotic acid and its anionic form, orotate, play a pivotal role in various biological processes, serving as essential intermediates in pyrimidine de novo synthesis, with demonstrated connections to dietary, supplement, and neurodrug applications. A novel perspective on biomolecular aggregation at the nanoscale, particularly pertinent to neurodegeneration, challenges the established paradigm positing that peptide (amyloid beta) and protein (tau) aggregation mainly govern the molecular events underlying prevalent neuropathologies. Emerging biological evidence indicates a notable role for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA aggregation in neurodegenerative processes affecting neuronal cells, particularly in the presence of extended (G4C2)n repeats in nuclear DNA sequences. Our study concerns d[(GGGGCC)3GGGG], a G4‐forming DNA model featuring G4C2 repeats that is in correlation with neurodegeneration. Through different investigations utilizing spectroscopic techniques (CD, UV, and thermal denaturations), PAGE electrophoresis, and molecular docking, the study explores the influence of orotate on the aggregation of this neurodegeneration‐associated DNA. A computational approach was employed to construct an in silico model of the DNA aggregate, which involved the docking of multiple G4 units and subsequent integration of the ligand into both the DNA monomer and its in silico aggregated model. The convergence of computational analyses and empirical data collectively supports the hypothesis that orotate possesses the capability to modulate the aggregation of neurodegeneration‐related DNA. Notably, the findings suggest the potential utility of orotate as a neurodrug, especially for the therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), with its current status as a dietary supplement indicating minimal safety concerns. Additionally, orotate demonstrated a slight increase in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity as assessed by the MTT assay, which is beneficial for a neurodrug as it suggests a potential role in enhancing mitochondrial function and supporting neuronal health.image
Cellular Senescence in Glial Cells: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Maupin Elizabeth A. , Adams Katrina L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAging is the most common risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease progression. Cellular senescence, the irreversible state of cell cycle arrest, is the main driver of aging and has been found to accumulate prematurely in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Cellular senescence in the central nervous system of MS patients has recently gained attention, with several studies providing evidence that demyelination induces cellular senescence, with common hallmarks of p16INK4A and p21 expression, oxidative stress, and senescence‐associated secreted factors. Here we discuss the current evidence of cellular senescence in animal models of MS and different glial populations in the central nervous system, highlighting the major gaps in the field that still remain. As premature senescence in MS may exacerbate demyelination and inflammation, resulting in inhibition of myelin repair, it is critical to increase understanding of cellular senescence in vivo, the functional effects of senescence on glial cells, and the impact of removing senescent cells on remyelination and MS. This emerging field holds promise for opening new avenues of treatment for MS patients.image
Palatal segment contributions to midfacial anterior–posterior growth
Authors: Welsh Ian C. , Feiler Maria E. , Lipman Danika , Mormile Isabel , Hansen Karissa , Percival Christopher J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnterior–posterior (A–P) elongation of the palate is a critical aspect of integrated midfacial morphogenesis. Reciprocal epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions drive secondary palate elongation that is coupled to the periodic formation of signaling centers within the rugae growth zone (RGZ). However, the relationship between RGZ‐driven morphogenetic processes, the differentiative dynamics of underlying palatal bone mesenchymal precursors, and the segmental organization of the upper jaw has remained enigmatic. A detailed ontogenetic study of these relationships is important because palatal segment growth is a critical aspect of normal midfacial growth, can produce dysmorphology when altered, and is a likely basis for evolutionary differences in upper jaw morphology. We completed a combined whole mount gene expression and morphometric analysis of normal murine palatal segment growth dynamics and resulting upper jaw morphology. Our results demonstrated that the first formed palatal ruga (ruga 1), found just posterior to the RGZ, maintained an association with important nasal, neurovascular and palatal structures throughout early midfacial development. This suggested that these features are positioned at a proximal source of embryonic midfacial directional growth. Our detailed characterization of midfacial morphogenesis revealed a one‐to‐one relationship between palatal segments and upper jaw bones during the earliest stages of palatal elongation. Growth of the maxillary anlage within the anterior secondary palate is uniquely coupled to RGZ‐driven morphogenesis. This may help drive the unequaled proportional elongation of the anterior secondary palate segment prior to palatal shelf fusion. Our results also demonstrated that the future maxillary‐palatine suture, approximated by the position of ruga 1 and consistently associated with the palatine anlage, formed predominantly via the posterior differentiation of the maxilla within the expanding anterior secondary palate. Our ontogenetic analysis provides a novel and detailed picture of the earliest spatiotemporal dynamics of intramembranous midfacial skeletal specification and differentiation within the context of the surrounding palatal segment A–P elongation and associated rugae formation.
Feeling wronged versus pressing on: Unearthing the tensions of Appalachian fatherhood
Authors: Garnett‐Deakin Aran , Sanner Caroline 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores the lived experiences of fathers who live and parent in Appalachia, a region and identity that is often stereotyped and marginalized.BackgroundThough research on fathering and fatherhood has grown significantly over the past several decades, a persistent emphasis involves father involvement and its relationship to child outcomes. Far fewer studies have explored the intrapersonal processes of fatherhood, such as what it means to be a father in diverse contexts. Rural contexts, specifically within Appalachia, remain understudied and offer opportunities for exploring the negotiation of fathering identities.MethodUsing interpretive phenomenological analysis, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 11 Appalachian fathers about their lived experiences.ResultsWe identified two central tensions experienced by Appalachian fathers: (a) preserving tradition versus adapting to change, and (b) feeling wronged versus pressing on. Appalachian fathers negotiated identities against the backdrop of historical hardship and exploitation, which threatened their internal sense of agency and contributed to their feeling left behind in a changing world. However, their narratives also embodied a spirit of perseverance and illustrated the ways in which they actively negotiated their sense of self despite navigating constraining forces.ConclusionAppalachian fathers' positioning at the intersection of privileged and marginalized identities has implications for their lived experiences and ability to express themselves. This study aims to humanize a historically stereotyped group of fathers.
A Population‐Based Study of the Association Among Dry Mouth, Vitamin B2, and Mortality
Authors: Wang Yan , Jia Shuailin , Xu Kehui , Ma Sai , Jiao Kai , Wu Gang , Tay Franklin R , Zhang Tong , Niu Lina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies have indicated that older adults with the symptom of dry mouth have an increased risk of death. B vitamins are strongly linked to oral and systemic health. However, the relationship among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and mortality remains unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the potential relationship among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and mortality.MethodsA total of 6183 participants from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 with information on dry mouth were included at baseline. 4324 normal individuals and 684 individuals with dry mouth were followed up until 31 December 2019. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations among dry mouth, vitamin B2 and all‐cause mortality.ResultsCompared to the population without dry mouth, the risk of all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in the population with dry mouth. The multivariable‐adjusted HR and 95% CI was 1.41 (1.05, 1.90). The intake of vitamin B2 can significantly reduce the risk of death in participants with dry mouth, but not in participants without dry mouth. The HR and 95% CI of all‐cause mortality in the highest vitamin B2 intake group was 0.37 (0.19, 0.73) compared to the lowest intake group.ConclusionsIndividuals with dry mouth suffered a significantly higher risk of all‐cause mortality compared to those without dry mouth. Higher intake of vitamin B2 was apparently associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality in the population with dry mouth.