bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of MyHC‐15 and ‐2x in human muscle spindles: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Smerdu Vika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo build on the existing data on the pattern of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms expression in the human muscle spindles, we aimed to verify whether the ‘novel’ MyHC‐15, ‐2x and ‐2b isoforms are co‐expressed with the other known isoforms in the human intrafusal fibres. Using a set of antibodies, we attempted to demonstrate nine isoforms (15, slow‐tonic, 1, α, 2a, 2x, 2b, embryonic, neonatal) in different regions of intrafusal fibres in the biceps brachii and flexor digitorum profundus muscles. The reactivity of some antibodies with the extrafusal fibres was also tested in the masseter and laryngeal cricothyreoid muscles. In both upper limb muscles, the expression of slow‐tonic isoform was a reliable marker for differentiating positive bag fibres from negative chain fibres. Generally, bag1 and bag2 fibres were distinguished in isoform 1 expression; the latter consistently expressed this isoform over their entire length. Although isoform 15 was not abundantly expressed in intrafusal fibres, its expression was pronounced in the extracapsular region of bag fibres. Using a 2x isoform‐specific antibody, this isoform was demonstrated in the intracapsular regions of some intrafusal fibres, particularly chain fibres. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate 15 and 2x isoforms in human intrafusal fibres. However, whether the labelling with an antibody specific for rat 2b isoform reflects the expression of this isoform in bag fibres and some extrafusal ones in the specialised cranial muscles requires further evaluation. The revealed pattern of isoform co‐expression only partially agrees with the results of previous, more extensive studies. Nevertheless, it may be inferred that MyHC isoform expression in intrafusal fibres varies along their length, across different muscle spindles and muscles. Furthermore, the estimation of expression may also depend on the antibodies utilised, which may also react differently with intrafusal and extrafusal fibres.
Comparison of fetal safety of vaginal Misoprostol tablet and Dinoprostone gel for induction of labor: An open‐label randomized control trial
Authors: Samanta Ajanta , Rakshit Bibek Mohan , Mistri Pallab Kumar , Chakraborty Arup , Bag Tarasankar , Das Piyali , Pande Arindam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimIn modern obstetrics, need of labor induction is increasing along with increased caesarean deliveries. Major contributions for these operative deliveries are due to induction failure. This demands a potent labor‐inducing agent. Dinoprostone gel is an established method but having some drawbacks. Misoprostol could be an effective alternative to Dinoprostone, but its fetal safety is not yet well established. This study aimed to evaluate the fetal safety of vaginal Misoprostol tablet by measuring fetal heart rate changes during induction of labor.MethodsThis was a single‐center randomized controlled trial incorporating 140 term women, equally randomized to get either tablet Misoprostol or Dinoprostone gel. Fetal heart rate patterns were compared in both the groups by continuous cardiotocographic tracing. All the data were analyzed on an intention‐to‐treat basis.ResultsThere were no statistically significant changes in fetal heart rate pattern in both Misoprostol and Dinoprostone groups. Vaginal deliveries were statistically higher in Misoprostol group. Neonatal parameters like 1 min Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration score and neonatal intensive care unit admission were comparable, and there was no significant difference in terms of major adverse events and side effects.ConclusionsMisoprostol is a safe alternative to Dinoprostone gel for induction of labor and found to be more effective labor‐inducing agent. In the background of higher caesarean rate, vaginal Misoprostol can be a potential labor‐inducing agent especially in a resource poor setting.
The Effect of Simulating the Absence of Benefits on Gratitude: Prior Expectations and Posterior Counterfactual Thinking1,2,3
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Higuchi Masataka 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBeneficiaries can have prior expectations of not receiving benefits and imagine ex‐post that benefits were not given. The present study examined the preregistered hypothesis that these two kinds of absence simulations increase gratitude. Both Studies 1 and 2 were conducted in a Japanese university. In Study 1, reading a manipulated vignette made participants in the absence simulation condition expect not to receive a benefit, while those in the control condition were made to expect to receive it. In Study 2, after reading a benefit‐receiving vignette, those in the absence simulation condition imagined the situation where they did not receive it, while those in the control condition again imagined receiving it. In both studies, all the participants rated their gratitude for certain fixed benefits in each vignette. Results showed that gratitude in neither of the two absence simulation conditions was higher than that of the respective control conditions, suggesting that simulating the absence of benefits does not increase gratitude.
Leadership moments: Understanding nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership as embedded sociohistorical practices
Authors: Martini Dieke , Noordegraaf Mirko , Schoonhoven Lisette , Lalleman Pieterbas ,   RN2Blend Consortium
Published: July 2023

AbstractNurse clinician‐scientists are increasingly expected to show leadership aimed at transforming healthcare. However, research on nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership (integrating researcher and practitioner roles) is scarce and hardly embedded in sociohistorical contexts. This study introduces leadership moments, that is, concrete events in practices that are perceived as acts of empowerment, in order to understand leadership in the daily work of newly appointed nurse clinician‐scientists. Following the learning history method we gathered data using multiple (qualitative) methods to get close to their daily practices. A document analysis provided us with insight into the history of nursing science to illustrate how leadership moments in the everyday work of nurse clinician‐scientists in the “here and now” can be related to the particular histories from which they emerged. A qualitative analysis led to three acts of empowerment: (1) becoming visible, (2) building networks, and (3) getting wired in. These acts are illustrated with three series of events in which nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership becomes visible. This study contributes to a more socially embedded understanding of nursing leadership, enables us to get a grip on crucial leadership moments, and provides academic and practical starting points for strengthening nurse clinician‐scientists' leadership practices. Transformations in healthcare call for transformed notions of leadership.
BUZZ: an essential gene for postinitiation root hair growth and a mediator of root architecture in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Lehman Thiel A. , Rosas Miguel A. , Brew‐Appiah Rhoda A. T. , Solanki Shyam , York Zara B. , Dannay Rachel , Wu Ying , Roalson Eric H. , Zheng Ping , Main Dorrie , Baskin Tobias I. , Sanguinet Karen A. 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Here, we discover a player in root development. Recovered from a forward‐genetic screen in Brachypodium distachyon, the buzz mutant initiates root hairs but they fail to elongate. In addition, buzz roots grow twice as fast as wild‐type roots. Also, lateral roots show increased sensitivity to nitrate, whereas primary roots are less sensitive to nitrate.

Using whole‐genome resequencing, we identified the causal single nucleotide polymorphism as occurring in a conserved but previously uncharacterized cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐like gene. The buzz mutant phenotypes are rescued by the wild‐type B. distachyon BUZZ coding sequence and by an apparent homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, T‐DNA mutants in A. thaliana BUZZ have shorter root hairs.

BUZZ mRNA localizes to epidermal cells and develops root hairs and, in the latter, partially colocalizes with the NRT1.1A nitrate transporter. Based on qPCR and RNA‐Seq, buzz overexpresses ROOT HAIRLESS LIKE SIX‐1 and ‐2 and misregulates genes related to hormone signaling, RNA processing, cytoskeletal, and cell wall organization, and to the assimilation of nitrate.

Overall, these data demonstrate that BUZZ is required for tip growth after root hair initiation and root architectural responses to nitrate.
Neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratio as a biomarker for clinical outcomes in advanced stage melanoma patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Pozorski Vincent , Park Yeonhee , Mohamoud Yusuf , Tesfamichael Dahlia , Emamekhoo Hamid , Birbrair Alexander , Albertini Mark R. , Ma Vincent T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and eosinophil counts are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but no study has investigated neutrophil‐to‐eosinophil ratios (NER) as a predictive indicator in this population. In this retrospective study evaluating anti‐PD‐1 treated patients with advanced melanoma, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and risk of high‐grade (grade ≥3) immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) were compared between groups defined by median pretreatment NLR and NER as well as median NLR and NER at 1‐month post‐treatment. Lower baseline NLR and NER were associated with improved OS [HR: 0.504, 95% CI: 0.328–0.773, p = .002 and HR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.288–0.681, p < .001, respectively] on univariate testing. After accounting for multiple covariates, our multivariate analysis found that lower pretreatment NER was associated with better ORR (by irRECIST) (OR: 2.199, 95% CI: 1.071–4.582, p = .033) and improved OS (HR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.296–0.777, p = .003). Baseline NLR, 1‐month NLR, and 1‐month NER were not associated with ORR, PFS, or OS outcomes; but 1‐month NER correlated with lower risk of grade ≥3 irAEs (OR: 0.392, 95% CI: 0.165–0.895, p = .029). Our findings suggest baseline NER merits additional investigation as a novel prognostic marker for advanced melanoma patients receiving anti‐PD‐1‐based regimens.
Encircling discourses—A guide to critical discourse analysis in caring science
Authors: Dahlborg Elisabeth , Boman Åse , Eriksson Henrik , Tengelin Ellinor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this article was to introduce Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) in caring and nursing science, to provide a guide on how to perform such an analysis, and to describe the wider context of discourse epistemology.DesignThe article is designed as a methodological paper, including (a) epistemological roots of discourse analysis, (b) an overview of discourse analytical research within caring and nursing science which points out an increased trend, and (c) a guide to conducting a CDA.AnalysisIt is important that discourse analysis is available and accessible to nursing and caring researchers. Through the process of encircling discourses, valuable insight is given into fields that otherwise would be lost or would not be available.ConclusionOur summary stance is that discourse analysis as it is presented in this article is strongly advisable for use in nursing and caring sciences.
Plant and fungal gene expression coupled with stable isotope labeling provide novel information on sulfur uptake and metabolism in orchid mycorrhizal protocorms
Authors: De Rose Silvia , Kuga Yukari , Sillo Fabiano , Fochi Valeria , Sakamoto Naoya , Calevo Jacopo , Perotto Silvia , Balestrini Raffaella 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYOrchid mycorrhiza (OM) represents an unusual symbiosis between plants and fungi because in all orchid species carbon is provided to the host plant by the mycorrhizal fungus at least during the early stages of orchid development, named a protocorm. In addition to carbon, orchid mycorrhizal fungi provide the host plant with essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. In mycorrhizal protocorms, nutrients transfer occurs in plant cells colonized by the intracellular fungal coils, or pelotons. Whereas the transfer of these vital nutrients to the orchid protocorm in the OM symbiosis has been already investigated, there is currently no information on the transfer of sulfur (S). Here, we used ultra‐high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) as well as targeted gene expression studies and laser microdissection to decipher S metabolism and transfer in the model system formed by the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea and the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora. We revealed that the fungal partner is actively involved in S supply to the host plant, and expression of plant and fungal genes involved in S uptake and metabolism, both in the symbiotic and asymbiotic partners, suggest that S transfer most likely occurs as reduced organic forms. Thus, this study provides original information about the regulation of S metabolism in OM protocorms, adding a piece of the puzzle on the nutritional framework in OM symbiosis.
Mutation to a cytochrome P450‐like gene alters the leaf color by affecting the heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways in Brassica napus
Authors: Yang Mao , Wan Shubei , Chen Jun , Chen Wenjing , Wang Yangming , Li Weiyan , Wang Meihong , Guan Rongzhan 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYThe regulated biosynthesis of chlorophyll is important because of its effects on plant photosynthesis and dry biomass production. In this study, a map‐based cloning approach was used to isolate the cytochrome P450‐like gene BnaC08g34840D (BnCDE1) from a chlorophyll‐deficient mutant (cde1) of Brassica napus obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenization. Sequence analyses revealed that BnaC08g34840D in the cde1 mutant (BnCDE1I320T) encodes a substitution at amino acid 320 (Ile320Thr) in the conserved region. The over‐expression of BnCDE1I320T in ZS11 (i.e., gene‐mapping parent with green leaves) recapitulated a yellow‐green leaf phenotype. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome‐editing system was used to design two single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant. The knockout of BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant via a gene‐editing method restored normal leaf coloration (i.e., green leaves). These results indicate that the substitution in BnaC08g34840D alters the leaf color. Physiological analyses showed that the over‐expression of BnCDE1I320T leads to decreases in the number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell and in the contents of the intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in leaves, while it increases heme biosynthesis, thereby lowering the photosynthetic efficiency of the cde1 mutant. The Ile320Thr mutation in the highly conserved region of BnaC08g34840D inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis and disrupted the balance between heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Our findings may further reveal how the proper balance between the chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis pathways is maintained.
T Cell–intrinsic Immunomodulatory Effects of TAK-981 (Subasumstat), a SUMO-activating Enzyme Inhibitor, in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Lam Vi , Roleder Carly , Liu Tingting , Bruss Nur , Best Scott , Wang Xiaoguang , Phillips Tycel , Shouse Geoffrey , Berger Allison J. , Alinari Lapo , Wang Lili , Siddiqi Tanya , Pennock Nathan D. , Danilov Alexey V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Novel targeted agents used in therapy of lymphoid malignancies are recognized to have complex immune-mediated effects. Sumoylation, a posttranslational modification of target proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO), regulates a variety of cellular processes indispensable in immune cell activation. Despite this, the role of sumoylation in T-cell biology in context of cancer is not known. TAK-981 (subasumstat) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE) that forms a covalent adduct with an activated SUMO protein. Using T cells derived from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we demonstrate that targeting SAE activates type I IFN response. This is accompanied by largely intact T-cell activation in response to T-cell receptor engagement, with increased expression of CD69 and CD38. Furthermore, TAK-981 decreases regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and enhances secretion of IFNγ by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings were recapitulated in mouse models, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of T-cell activation regulated by SUMO modification. Relevant to the consideration of TAK-981 as an effective agent for immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies, we demonstrate that the downstream impact of TAK-981 administration is enhancement of the cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells, thus uncovering immune implications of targeting sumoylation in lymphoid neoplasia.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Standing Test in Adults Suspected for Congenital Long‐QT Syndrome
Authors: Vink Arja S. , Hermans Ben J. M. , Hooglugt Jean‐Luc Q. , Peltenburg Puck J. , Meijborg Veronique M. F. , Hofman Nynke , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , Blom Nico A. , Delhaas Tammo , Wilde Arthur A. M. , Postema Pieter G. 
Published: July 2023

Background
An elegant bedside provocation test has been shown to aid the diagnosis of long‐QT syndrome (LQTS) in a retrospective cohort by evaluation of QT intervals and T‐wave morphology changes resulting from the brief tachycardia provoked by standing. We aimed to prospectively determine the potential diagnostic value of the standing test for LQTS.

Methods and Results

In adults suspected for LQTS who had a standing test, the QT interval was assessed manually and automated. In addition, T‐wave morphology changes were determined. A total of 167 controls and 131 genetically confirmed patients with LQTS were included. A prolonged heart rate–corrected QT interval (QTc) (men ≥430 ms, women ≥450 ms) at baseline before standing yielded a sensitivity of 61% (95% CI, 47–74) in men and 54% (95% CI, 42–66) in women, with a specificity of 90% (95% CI, 80–96) and 89% (95% CI, 81–95), respectively. In both men and women, QTc≥460 ms after standing increased sensitivity (89% [95% CI, 83–94]) but decreased specificity (49% [95% CI, 41–57]). Sensitivity further increased (
P
<0.01) when a prolonged baseline QTc was accompanied by a QTc≥460 ms after standing in both men (93% [95% CI, 84–98]) and women (90% [95% CI, 81–96]). However, the area under the curve did not improve. T‐wave abnormalities after standing did not further increase the sensitivity or the area under the curve significantly.

Conclusions
Despite earlier retrospective studies, a baseline ECG and the standing test in a prospective evaluation displayed a different diagnostic profile for congenital LQTS but no unequivocal synergism or advantage. This suggests that there is markedly reduced penetrance and incomplete expression in genetically confirmed LQTS with retention of repolarization reserve in response to the brief tachycardia provoked by standing.
Trigger‐Associated Clinical Implications and Outcomes in Takotsubo Syndrome: Results From the Multicenter GEIST Registry
Authors: Pätz Toni , Santoro Francesco , Cetera Rosa , Ragnatela Ilaria , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Mezger Matthias , Rawish Elias , Andrés‐Villarreal Mireia , Almendro‐Delia Manuel , Martinez‐Sellés Manuel , Uribarri Aitor , Pérez‐Castellanos Alberto , Guerra Federico , Novo Giuseppina , Mariano Enrica , Musumeci Maria Beatrice , Arcari Luca , Cacciotti Luca , Montisci Roberta , Akin Ibrahim , Thiele Holger , Brunetti Natale Daniele , Vedia Oscar , Núñez‐Gil Ivan J. , Eitel Ingo , Stiermaier Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Background
Takotsubo syndrome is usually triggered by a stressful event. The type of trigger seems to influence the outcome and should therefore be considered separately.

Methods and Results

Patients included in the GEIST (German‐Italian‐Spanish Takotsubo) registry were categorized according to physical trigger (PT), emotional trigger (ET), and no trigger (NT) of Takotsubo syndrome. Clinical characteristics as well as outcome predictors were analyzed. Overall, 2482 patients were included. ET was detected in 910 patients (36.7%), PT in 885 patients (34.4%), and NT was observed in 717 patients (28.9%). Compared with patients with PT or NT, patients with ET were younger, less frequently men, and had a lower prevalence of comorbidities. Adverse in‐hospital events (NT: 18.8% versus PT: 27.1% versus ET: 12.1%,
P
<0.001) and long‐term mortality rates (NT: 14.4% versus PT: 21.6% versus ET: 8.5%,
P
<0.001) were significantly lower in patients with ET. Increasing age (
P
<0.001), male sex (
P
=0.007), diabetes (
P
<0.001), malignancy (
P
=0.002), and a neurological disorder (
P
<0.001) were associated with a higher risk of long‐term mortality, while chest pain (
P
=0.035) and treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (
P
=0.027) were confirmed as independent predictors for a lower risk of long‐term mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with ET have better clinical conditions and a lower mortality rate. Increasing age, male sex, malignancy, a neurological disorder, chest pain, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, and diabetes were confirmed as predictors of long‐term mortality.
Individual Assessment of Perioperative Brain Growth Trajectories in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease: Correlation With Clinical and Surgical Risk Factors
Authors: Cromb Daniel , Bonthrone Alexandra F. , Maggioni Alessandra , Cawley Paul , Dimitrova Ralica , Kelly Christopher J. , Cordero‐Grande Lucilio , Carney Olivia , Egloff Alexia , Hughes Emer , Hajnal Joseph V. , Simpson John , Pushparajah Kuberan , Rutherford Mary A. , Edwards A. David , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Counsell Serena J. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairments, which may be associated with impaired brain growth. We characterized how perioperative brain growth in infants with CHD deviates from typical trajectories and assessed the relationship between individualized perioperative brain growth and clinical risk factors.

Methods and Results

A total of 36 infants with CHD underwent preoperative and postoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging. Regional brain volumes were extracted. Normative volumetric development curves were generated using data from 219 healthy infants.
Z‐
scores, representing the degree of positive or negative deviation from the normative mean for age and sex, were calculated for regional brain volumes from each infant with CHD before and after surgery. The degree of
Z
‐score change was correlated with clinical risk factors. Perioperative growth was impaired across the brain, and it was associated with longer postoperative intensive care stay (false discovery rate
P
<0.05). Higher preoperative creatinine levels were associated with impaired brainstem, caudate nuclei, and right thalamus growth (all false discovery rate
P
=0.033). Older postnatal age at surgery was associated with impaired brainstem and right lentiform growth (both false discovery rate
P
=0.042). Longer cardiopulmonary bypass duration was associated with impaired brainstem and right caudate growth (false discovery rate
P
<0.027).

Conclusions
Infants with CHD can have impaired brain growth in the immediate postoperative period, the degree of which associates with postoperative intensive care duration. Brainstem growth appears particularly vulnerable to perioperative clinical course, whereas impaired deep gray matter growth was associated with multiple clinical risk factors, possibly reflecting vulnerability of these regions to short‐ and long‐term hypoxic injury.