bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Study of the Chemical Composition and Spatial Outgassing Behavior of Hyperactive Comet 46P/Wirtanen Using Near-IR Spectroscopy during its Historic 2018 Apparition
Authors: Khan Younas , Gibb Erika L. , Roth Nathan X. , DiSanti Michael A. , Dello Russo Neil , Bonev Boncho P. , Ejeta Chemeda T. , Saki Mohammad , Vervack Ronald J. , McKay Adam J. , Kawakita Hideyo , Combi Michael R. , Qasim Danna , Shou Yinsi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the Jupiter-family comet and potential spacecraft target 46P/Wirtanen, in the near-IR wavelength range. We used iSHELL at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility to observe the comet on 11 pre-, near-, and postperihelion dates in 2018 December and 2019 January and February during its historic apparition. We report rotational temperatures, production rates, and mixing ratios with respect to H2O and C2H6 or 3σ upper limits of the primary volatiles H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, H2CO, NH3, CO, C2H2, and HC3N. We also discuss the spatial outgassing of the primary volatiles, to understand their sources and the spatial associations between them. The spatial profiles of H2O in 46P/Wirtanen suggest the presence of extended H2O outgassing sources in the coma, similar to the EPOXI target comet 103P/Hartley 2. 46P/Wirtanen is among the few known hyperactive comets, and we note that its composition and outgassing behavior are similar to those of other hyperactive comets in many ways. We note that the analyzed parent volatiles showed different variations (relative mixing ratios) during the apparition. We compared the chemical composition of 46P/Wirtanen with the mean abundances in Jupiter-family comets and the comet population as measured with ground-based near-IR facilities to date. The molecular abundances in 46P/Wirtanen suggest that although they were changing, the variations were small compared to the range in the comet population, with CH3OH showing notably more variation as compared to the other molecules.
La nécropole d’Évrecy au Bas-Empire ( IV e – milieu V e s.) : population gallo-romaine et élite militaire « romano-germanique »
Authors: Thomann Aminte , Adrian Yves-Marie , Kasprzyk Michel 
Published: May 2023

En 2014, à Évrecy, une nécropole des iv e - vii e siècles, composée de 377 inhumations, a été fouillée de manière exhaustive. Les tombes de l’Antiquité tardive sont les plus riches en mobilier : céramiques, verreries, monnaies, tabletterie et objets métalliques, dont certaines pièces exceptionnelles. L’étude de ce corpus indique que sont inhumés à la même période dans cette nécropole, sans doute au sein d’une population locale modeste, une petite élite d’origine gallo-romaine et une élite militaire « romano-germanique ». Cette dernière semble constituée de soldats de l’armée romaine et de leurs familles. En effet, si plusieurs sépultures contiennent des dépôts régulièrement observés dans la région au iv e siècle, d’autres renferment des parures féminines de tradition germanique ou du mobilier considéré comme caractéristique des hommes de troupe de la militia (présence de ceinturons, ainsi que de siliques, de petites monnaies d’argent). Une partie de ces objets a pu être importée ou bien a voyagé avec leurs propriétaires. Les analyses anthropologiques confirment l’apport d’une population étrangère au groupe local. Ces groupes, d’origine sociale et géographique distincte, partagent l’espace sépulcral de manière homogène, sans regroupement spécifique.
Transferts de migrants, sécurité alimentaire et variabilité climatique : le cas du Burkina Faso
Authors: Tapsoba Tebkieta Alexandra , Combes Motel Pascale , Combes Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2023

Cet article évalue l’impact des transferts des migrants et de la variabilité climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages au Burkina Faso. Il s’appuie sur une base de données originale construite à partir de l’enquête 2009 de la Banque mondiale sur les migrations et les transferts. Une analyse en composantes principales permet d’élaborer un indice de sécurité alimentaire. L’indice standardisé de précipitation et d’évapotranspiration (SPEI) caractérise la situation climatique dans les différenes régions. Les résultats économétriques corroborent l’effet négatif de la détérioration des conditions climatiques sur la sécurité alimentaire des ménages. En revanche, les transferts de fonds renforcent la sécurité alimentaire et atténuent l’effet négatif du SPEI sur la sécurité alimentaire. Ces résultats sont robustes à un biais d’endogénéité potentiel des transferts en utilisant la distance au chemin de fer des ménages et l’éducation des migrants comme instruments. Classification JEL : F24, O13, Q18, Q54.
Marchés intégrés et négociations salariales efficientes
Authors: Thiam Mamadou 
Published: May 2023

Dans cet article, nous traitons des effets de l’ouverture commerciale sur l’emploi et les salaires de deux pays symétriques. Deux firmes qui produisent des biens différenciés font chacune face à une main-d’œuvre syndiquée et se font concurrence en Cournot. L’équilibre emploi-salaire résulte d’un jeu de négociation dit efficient, entre les firmes et le syndicat des travailleurs. Nous trouvons que l’ouverture commerciale augmente le niveau d’emploi et n’a pas d’effet sur les salaires dès lors que les deux marchés tendent vers une intégration parfaite. Classification JEL : C62, D43, F15, F16, J51, L13.
Another Wind of Change? Evidence about Political Outsiders in the French Parliament
Authors: Volle Alexandre , Cazals Antoine , El Rafhi Bilal 
Published: May 2023

Certains citoyens déçus par les représentants politiques habituels se tournent volontiers vers de nouveaux candidats issus de la société civile et sans expérience politique préalable. Cet article étudie de manière empirique si ce renouvellement d’élus mène à un changement dans la représentation politique. Notre analyse s’appuie sur une base de données compilant les votes et l’activité législative de plus de 1 000 députés entre 2012 et 2020. Afin d’isoler correctement un effet de novicité en politique, nous dissocions le fait que les élus de la société civile soient également novices au sein du Parlement. Notre stratégie empirique permet d’isoler cet effet en utilisant les données concernant les représentants ayant déjà une expérience politique mais nouvellement élus au Parlement. En premier lieu, nous notons d’importantes disparités des élus issus de la société civile concernant leur indépendance vis-à-vis des consignes de vote de leur groupe parlementaire. Si les élus appartiennent à des groupes avec une cohésion relativement faible, ils montrent davantage d’indépendance à l’égard du groupe, tandis qu’il n’y aucune différence notable dans les groupes à forte cohésion. Ensuite, en utilisant un indice multidimensionnel de l'activité législative des députés, nous montrons que les différences observées sont avant tout dues au manque d’expérience parlementaire se traduisant par une activité moindre en début de mandat. Cette différence s’estompe, et ne conduit pas à une distinction de l’activité entre nouveaux et anciens membres du parlement sur l’entièreté du mandat. Globalement, même si l’élection de nouveaux politiques permet un changement des caractéristiques individuelles usuelles des députés comme l’âge ou le sexe, cela semble insuffisant pour faire souffler un véritable vent nouveau sur la façon de faire de la politique. Classification JEL : P16, D72
A Clinico – Epidemiological and Bacteriological Study of Secondary Pyoderma from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Atmakuri Deepthi , Shyam Prasad Arakali Lakshminarayana , Gayathri Devi D R 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Pyodermas, one of the most common clinical conditions encountered in dermatological practice in all age groups, are further classified into primary (including superficial and deep) and secondary. Bacterial infections occurring in preexisting dermatoses constitute secondary pyodermas and comprise infected eczemas/scabies/foot ulcers, surgical site infections and others.

Objectives:
This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, and bacteriological features of secondary pyodermas in a tertiary hospital and document the various patterns of antibiotic resistance.

Materials and Methods:
This observational study was conducted on 101 consecutive cases of secondary pyodermas, both outpatients and inpatients, of a tertiary care hospital, over a period of 12 months. Clinicoepidemiological data was recorded, and pus samples were collected using sterile swabs for microbiological testing.

Results:
Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity (n = 50). Of the total cases of secondary pyodermas, thirty (29.7%) were diabetic foot ulcers, and most lesions were of 2–5 cm size (n = 47), present for a duration of <1 week (n = 39), followed by 1–6 weeks (n = 35). Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (n = 38) among Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 17) among Gram-negative bacteria were the most common organisms isolated. A high percentage of isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance, with Gram-positive bacteria showing resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Amoxycillin with Clavulanic acid, and Clindamycin but susceptibility to Linezolid, Cloxacillin, and Doxycycline. Among the Gram-negative isolates, there was antibiotic resistance toward most groups.

Conclusion:
As multi-drug resistance is an emerging concern, knowledge of associated comorbid conditions and documenting bacterial isolates and their sensitivity patterns becomes increasingly important.
Treatment Approach for Superficial Dermatophytosis Infections and Factors Contributing for Noncompliance to Antifungal Therapy in India
Authors: Inamadar Arun , Rengasamy Madhu , Charugulla Sujeet Narayan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The prevalence of superficial dermatophytosis has ascended in India over the past 6–7 years. Chronic, recurrent, and steroid-modified tinea with nonresponse to the conventional treatment regimens are being commonly reported. This can be attributed to a complex interplay of factors related to environment, host, and virulence of the organism and a rampant use of topical corticosteroid, antifungal, antibacterial, and irrational combination creams. Host factors such as living conditions, immunity, poor adherence to general measures, and non-compliance to treatment may affect the spread of infection and clinical presentation.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to understand the prevailing treatment approach for superficial dermatophytosis in India and the host factors contributing to noncompliance to antifungal therapy.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional qualitative knowledge, attitude, and practice study conducted with 220 dermatologists who participated in DERMACON national conference held at Kochi in 2018.

Results:
Of the 220 dermatologists, 87.3% stated that there was a rise of tinea fungal infection clinical cases in India. About, 42.3% reported that recalcitrant tinea infection attributed to 10%–30% of increase in the number of clinical cases per week. The treatment of choice for superficial dermatophytosis, as per majority of the surveyed dermatologists is a combination of oral azole and topical azole. For recalcitrant fungal infections, 37.3% of the dermatologists stated that at least 4 weeks of antifungal therapy would be the optimal duration for new tinea cases. Overall, 30%–50% of the patients were noncompliant to the prescribed treatment as per 35.5% of the dermatologists. Almost all (97.7%) dermatologists agreed that there is a need for treatment consensus on treating superficial fungal infection.

Conclusion:
Majority of the dermatologists agreed that there is an increase in the prevalence of superficial dermatophytosis in India. Appropriate use of oral (optimal dosage) and topical antifungals are considered vital for the successful management of this infection. Appropriate use of topical and systemic antifungal agents for the right duration along with proper counseling is considered vital for the successful management of this infection.
The Twenty Factors that Made Teledermatology Consultation a Matured Application: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kanthraj Garehatty Rudrappa 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Systematic reviews on various factors that favor teledermatology consultation (TC) are reported. Meta-analysis is available. TC gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the factors may help in planning and implementation of TC.

Objective:
To identify, classify, and analyze the various factors contributed to the growth of TC.

Materials and Methods:
The factors that have a positive influence on TC were noted. Seven academic databases (Cochrane, Pub Med, Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) were searched with the keyword “TELEDERMATOLOGY.” Systematic review and meta-analysis (1998–2021) investigating on various factors were chosen. However, only feasibility studies were examined and analyzed for those factors (sub-specialty TC application) where nonavailability of systematic review or meta-analysis. They were categorized with respect to factors related to (a) Technology platform, (b) Patient and (c) Physician interaction. They included the diagnostic accuracy and concordance, management accuracy and concordance, measures of time (waiting times, delay to diagnosis, and barriers to implementation, technology tools, patient–physician willingness, and satisfaction).

Results:
Total 1053 articles were screened. A total of 36 systematic reviews, 3 meta-analyses, and 13 feasibility studies identified twenty factors responsible for the growth and development of TC. There were 17 factors confirmed by systematic review and meta-analysis and 3 factors identified by 13 feasibility studies. Information technology-5 factors, role of dermatologist and patient 11 and 2 factors respectively were identified. COVID-19 pandemic and framing TC guidelines emerged as 2 independent factors.

Conclusion:
The constellation of twenty factors identified, classified and analyzed, confirms TC is a matured application to deliver dermatology care.

Recommendation:
Health-care providers and policymakers can consider these factors in planning and implementation.
A Retrospective Analysis of WhatsApp as a Mode of Teledermatology: A Need of the Present Bringing in a Newer Consultation Mode in Future
Authors: Bhatia Shibani , Goyal Shivam , Ballambat Sathish Pai , Pai Kanthilatha , Pai Madhavi 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Telemedicine is usually considered a provision of health-care services, where distances are a critical factor. WhatsApp is a popular instant messaging app used worldwide, which incorporates encrypted text/voice/video-based communication making it ideal for dermatology consults in the current situation.

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to do a retrospective analysis of new and follow-up patients seen through teledermatology (TD) using WhatsApp and telemedicine platform as a communication tool during the lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of new and follow-up patients seen through teledermatology during the lockdown was done. The teleconsultation was provided through WhatsApp and telemedicine platform. Consent was sought, and a detailed history was obtained through messaging and by call. Clinical pictures sent by WhatsApp were analyzed, and a diagnosis was made by correlating the history and image findings. Treatment was individualized for each patient, and a teleprescription was sent as per the guidelines provided by the health-care regulators.

Results:
This study retrospectively analyzed the usefulness of WhatsApp-based teleconsultations for 60 patients comprising 32 new and 28 follow-up cases during the lockdown. The conditions ranged from various forms of dermatitis, papulosquamous disorders, and autoimmune blistering disorders to cutaneous infections.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis could be made in all 60 patients. Positive patient perception and prognosis, with decreased financial liabilities were noticed. WhatsApp provides a way to move forward in these uncertain times. Specific guidelines on TD have to be inculcated in routine practice.
Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D
Authors: Sharaf Elshahat A , Marzouk Hamdy F , Abdelmageed Walaa M , Gaballah Mohammad A 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous apparatus. Vitamin D controls the immune system and the proliferation and differentiation of sebocytes and keratinocytes. In addition, it has antioxidant and anti-comedogenic properties. In vitro studies showed that Vitamin D had a functional part in the acne development. Serum Vitamin D levels were previously estimated in AV patients with conflicting results.

Objective:
To compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) serum level in AV patients with healthy controls and to assess the association between 25(OH) D and disease severity to detect any possible role of Vitamin D in AV pathogenesis and treatment.

Materials and Methods:
25 (OH) D levels were estimated in 80 AV patients and 40 age- and sex-matched controls using the enzyme-linked immunosorbemt assay technique.

Results:
25(OH) D serum levels were significantly lower in patients as compared to controls. Although of no statistical significances, serum 25(OH) D levels were lower in severe and very severe cases than mild and moderate cases. There was significant negative correlation between serum 25(OH) D level and age of onset of AV. However, there were nonsignificant correlations between 25(OH) D blood levels and other patients' characters such as age, sex, occupation, duration of the disease, family history of AV, body mass index, and sites of the lesions.

Conclusions:
Vitamin D may have a role in the pathogenesis of in AV patients. Further studies on a larger number of patients are recommended to confirm the validity of our results and to evaluate the therapeutic role of Vitamin D supplementation or topical vitamin analogs in acne treatment.
Correlation of Contact Sensitization to Common Allergens with Disease Severity in Discoid Eczema
Authors: Raheja Aishwarya , Kumar Ajay , Jadhav Avinash , Deora Mahendra Singh , Mathias Dipti , Agrawal Prachi , Ranpariya Rahul 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Discoid eczema, defined by well-demarcated round or oval plaques, is a form of endogenous eczema in which the role of contact allergens is not clearly established.

Objectives:
This study aims to assess the role of contact allergens in discoid eczema by patch testing, determine clinical relevance and correlate patch test reactivity with the severity of disease and atopy.

Materials and Methods:
Sample characteristics including occupation, atopic diathesis and clinical details were recorded. Disease severity was assessed by the Eczema and Area Severity Index (EASI) and patch testing carried out with the Indian Standard Battery. Relevance of patch tests was determined by a history of exposure and patch testing with patients' own materials.

Results:
Fifty-one patients having a median age of 38 years were enrolled out of which 31 (60.8%) were male. Patch tests were reactive in 25 (49%) patients, common sensitizers being fragrance mix in 9 (31.0%), potassium dichromate in 4 (13.8%), paraphenylenediamine in 4 (13.8%), and nickel in 3 (10.3%) cases. Clinical relevance was established in 11 (37.9%) cases. In patch test reactive patients the mean EASI score was 3.4 as compared with 4.5 in nonreactors. Patch tests were positive in 3 (25%) atopic as compared with 22 (56.4%) nonatopic patients.

Conclusion:
Contact sensitization to common allergens may not contribute to disease severity in discoid eczema. Patch test reactivity is low in atopic as compared with nonatopic patients with discoid eczema.
Magnitude and Determinants of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia Patients Visiting a Geriatric Psychiatry Clinic in a Rural Medical College
Authors: Mishra Kshirod Kumar , Reshamvala Ahmed Mushtaq , Sathe Harshal Shriram 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The proportion of elderly people in the Indian population is increasing, thereby making dementia a major public health concern. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are deleterious to the illness course in dementia. The characteristics and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of BPSD is an understudied area.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional observational descriptive study conducted in a public hospital. Hospital records of 97 dementia patients who visited the geriatric clinic in the time span of 20 months were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 69.9 ± 8.50 years, majority being males (72%). Sleep disturbance (75.3%), changes in psychomotor activity (55.7%), and irritability (45.3%) were the most common behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia. Apathy was seen in 39% of patients, whereas the proportion of patients with depression and anxiety was 26% and 35%, respectively. Psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations were seen in approximately 24% and 15.5% of patients, respectively. The psychotic symptoms showed a significant association with lower levels of education, whereas apathy was negatively associated with age. Females had a higher likelihood of having psychotic symptoms as compared to males.

Conclusion:
In the present study, the frequency and association of neuropsychiatric symptoms with demographic variables have been described in dementia patients visiting a public hospital in rural India. Among BPSD, sleep and motor disturbances were most frequent whereas agitation/aggression was least frequent. The age, education level, and gender differences noted in the individual symptoms need to be confirmed in further studies with better design.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Parents About Sex Education of Their Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ahmad Wasim , Nazli  , Chavan B. S. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Awareness among parents having children with intellectual disabilities has been a major concern for the last many decades. Despite several policies and plans of the government somehow, the desired awareness among the parents has not yet been created.

Objective:
The objective of this study was conducted to find out the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward sex education among parents having children with intellectual disability.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and thirty parents of children with intellectual disability (irrespective of severity) using a random sampling technique were selected. To assess the KAP of parents scale named Awareness on Sexual Education for Parents of Intellectually Challenged Children developed by Lakshmi and Navya (2014) and published by National Psychological Corporation, Agra, India, was used.

Results:
The result reveals no significant difference in the KAP, respectively, among parents w.r.t. their gender. Significant difference in the knowledge (t = 3.58) and attitude (t = 2.82) was noticed w.r.t. education. In the KAP, respectively, a significant difference (t = 2.95; t = 2.22 and t = 3.06) was found among parents toward sex education w.r.t. their income. The overall awareness (KAP) w.r.t. education (t = 3.62) and income (t = 3.82) reveals significant difference but not w.r.t. gender. The analysis reveals a significant positive correlation of knowledge with attitude (r = 0.453), knowledge with practice (r = 0.233), and attitude with practice (r = 0.252).

Conclusion:
Based on the findings, the study concludes that gender has no role to play in imparting sex education to children with intellectual disability. However, education and income may contribute significantly to the awareness among parents of children with intellectual disability.