bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability improvement of multi-beam picosecond–petawatt laser system for ultrahigh peak-power applications
Authors: Tang Shunxing , Guo Yajing , Yang Pengqian , Jiang Xiuqing , Hua Neng , Zong Nan 
Published: January 2023

Pointing fluctuations of beams reduce the possibility of incoherent or coherent addition for ultrahigh peak power in a multi-beam picosecond–petawatt laser system. Pointing fluctuations on the target were observed on Shenguang Upgrade Petawatt (SGII-UP-Petawatt) beam using a high-speed and high-resolution active pointing stabilization control system. The maximum frequency of the pointing fluctuations was less than 50 Hz, and the amplitude was approximately 2.8 µrad (RMS). An online test of pointing fluctuations with active stabilization control demonstrated that pointing fluctuations could be reduced to 0.63 µrad (RMS), approximately one-quarter of that without active stabilization control. The benefits of reduced pointing fluctuation were estimated using a multi-beamlet petawatt laser system; the results demonstrated that peak power could be increased by 51.7% when active stabilization control was used in an eight-beamlet picosecond–petawatt laser system.
Low-level cadmium exposure induced hormesis in peppermint young plant by constantly activating antioxidant activity based on physiological and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Wang Bin , Lin lvna , Yuan Xiao , Zhu Yunna , Wang Yukun , Li Donglin , He Jinming , Xiao Yanhui 
Published: January 2023

As one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, cadmium (Cd) has lastingly been considered to have negative influences on plant growth and productivity. Recently, increasing studies have shown that low level of Cd exposure could induce hormetic effect which benefits to plants. However, the underlying mechanisms of Cd-triggered hormesis are poorly understood. In this study, we found that Cd stress treatment showed a hormetic effect on peppermint and Cd treatment with 1.6 mg L-1 concertation manifested best stimulative effects. To explore the hormesis mechanisms of Cd treatment, comparative transcriptome analysis of peppermint young plants under low (1.6 mg L-1) and high (6.5 mg L-1) level of Cd exposure at 0 h, 24 h and 72 h were conducted. Twelve of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for qRT-PCR validation, and the expression results confirmed the credibility of transcriptome data. KEGG analysis of DEGs showed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis were important under both low and high level of Cd treatments. Interestingly, GO and KEGG analysis of 99 DEGs specifically induced by low level of Cd treatment at 72 h indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and their functions were associated with antioxidant activity. The expression pattern of those genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and encoding antioxidant enzymes during 72 h of Cd exposure showed that low level of Cd treatment induced a continuation in the upward trend but high level of Cd treatment caused an inverted V-shape. The changes of physiological parameters during Cd exposure were highly consistent with gene expression pattern. These results strongly demonstrate that low level of Cd exposure constantly enhanced antioxidant activity of peppermint to avoid oxidative damages caused by Cd ion, while high level of Cd stress just induced a temporary increase in antioxidant activity which was insufficient to cope with lasting Cd toxicity. Overall, the results presented in this study shed a light on the underlying mechanisms of the Cd-mediated hormesis in plant. Moreover, our study provided a safe method for the efficient utilization of mild Cd-contaminated soil as peppermint is an important cash plant.
First results from post-COVID inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa , Langheim Eike , Tüter Haris , Etzrodt Franziska , Loew Thomas H. , Köllner Volker 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with various symptoms and psychological involvement in the long term. In view of the multifactorial triggering and maintenance of the post-COVID syndrome, a multimodal therapy with somatomedical and psychotherapeutic content is expedient. This paper compares the psychological stress of post-COVID patients and their course in rehabilitation to psychosomatic and psychocardiological patients.MethodObservational study with control-groups and clinical, standardized examination: psychological testing (BDI-II, HELATH-49), 6-MWT as somatic parameter, two measurement points (admission, discharge). Sample characteristics, including work related parameters, the general symptom-load and the course of symptoms during rehabilitation are evaluated.ResultsAt admission in all measures post-COVID patients were significantly affected, but less pronounced than psychosomatic or psychocardiological patients (BDI-II post-COVID = 19.29 ± 9.03, BDI-II psychosomatic = 28.93 ± 12.66, BDI-II psychocardiology = 24.47 ± 10.02). During rehabilitation, in all complaint domains and sub-groups, symptom severity was significantly reduced (effect sizes ranging from d = .34 to d = 1.22). Medium positive effects were seen on self-efficacy (d = .69) and large effects on activity and participation (d = 1.06) in post-COVID patients. In the 6-MWT, the walking distance improved by an average of 76.43 ± 63.58 meters (d = 1.22). Not a single patient deteriorated in walking distance, which would have been a possible sign of post exercise malaise (PEM).ConclusionPost-COVID patients have a slighter psychological burden as psychocardiological or psychosomatic patients. Although rehabilitation is not curative, post-COVID patients benefit significantly from the interventions and there were no signs of PEM.
A single-arm retrospective study of the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Wang Xiangbin , Tian Zheng , Mansuerjiang Maiwulan , Younusi Aikebaier , Xu Leilei , Xiang Haibin , Cao Li , Wang Chong 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-TLIF) for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).MethodsPatients who underwent UBE-TLIF due to single-segment LSS between August 2019 and July 2021 were retrospectively included in the study. Clinical outcomes evaluated include operative time, estimated blood loss (including postoperative drainage), time to ambulation, postoperative hospital stay, complications, visual analog scale (VAS) scores of low back pain and leg pain, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and modified Macnab criteria. Interbody bony fusion at the index level was assessed using Bridwell grading criteria.ResultsA total of 73 patients (29 males and 44 females) were enrolled in this study. All surgeries were successfully performed without intraoperative conversion to open surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed optimal direct neural decompression after UBE-TLIF. The mean operative time was 150.89 ± 15.58 min. The mean estimated blood loss was 126.03 ± 17.85 ml (postoperative drainage was 34.84 ± 8.31 ml). Time to ambulation was 2.0 ± 0.75 days after the procedure. Postoperatively, the mean hospital stay was 5.96 ± 1.38 days. VAS scores of low back pain and leg pain, JOA, and ODI were significantly improved postoperatively compared with those before the operation, and differences were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Excellent and good outcomes were reported by 87.67% of patients according to the modified Macnab criteria at the final follow-up. A total of nine perioperative complications occurred, with an incidence of 12.33%. X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) 6 months after the procedure showed that 37 cases (50.68%) presented with segmental fusion, 30 cases (41.10%) showed incomplete fusion, and 6 cases (8.22%) showed no signs of fusion. However, bony fusion was achieved in all cases at the final follow-up.ConclusionsUBE-TLIF for LSS has the advantages of less surgical invasiveness and fast postoperative recovery.
AKIBAT HUKUM PERDAGANGAN NARKOBA SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN TRANSNASIONAL
Authors: Hassanah Hetty 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum dari peredaran narkoba lintas batas sebagai kejahatan transnasional. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik, dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif, dalam hal ini analisis dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan agar suatu peraturan perundang-undangan tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian peredaran narkoba tidak hanya dilakukan secara konvensional, namun telah melewati batas negara sehingga dianggap sebagai kejahatan transnasional. Dengan demikian peredaran narkoba saat ini menjadi masalah hukum global karena tidak hanya melibatkan satu negara tetapi juga melibatkan beberapa negara dengan sistem hukum negara tersebut. Dampak dari penelitian ini menggambarkan perlunya penegakan hukum terhadap peredaran narkoba lintas batas sebagai kejahatan transnasional. Kesimpulannya, akibat hukum perdagangan narkoba sebagai kejahatan transnasional dapat dituntut tidak hanya berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia tetapi juga internasional karena Indonesia telah meratifikasi Convention Against Gelap Traffic In Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances 1988.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to conducted to determine the legal consequences of cross-border drug trafficking as a transnational crime. This research is descriptive analytic, using a normative juridical approach and the data obtained is analyzed juridically qualitatively, in this case the analysis is carried out by considering the hierarchy of laws and regulations so that a statutory regulation does not conflict with other laws and regulations. Based on the research results drug trafficking is not only carried out conventionally, but has crossed national borders so that it is considered a transnational crime. Thus the circulation of drugs is currently a global legal problem because it does not only involve one country but also involves several countries with that country's legal system. The impact of this study illustrates the need for law enforcement for cross-border drug trafficking as a transnational crime. The conclusion is that the legal consequences of drug trafficking as a transnational crime can be prosecuted not only based on Indonesian legislation but also internationally because Indonesia has ratified the Convention Against Illicit Traffic In Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances 1988.
Ferroelectric-gated variable-area capacitors with large capacitance tuning ratio using Ce-doped HfO2 film for both gate insulator and capacitor layer
Authors: Miyasako Takaaki , Yoneda Shingo , Hosokura Tadasu , Kimura Masahiko , Tokumitsu Eisuke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a three-terminal variable-area capacitor integrated with a ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistor (FeFET) and a ferroelectric capacitor. A FeFET using an indium tin oxide (ITO) channel and a ferroelectric Hf0.86Ce0.14O2 gate insulator was fabricated by chemical solution deposition. The fabricated FeFET exhibited a high on-current of ∼0.18 mA μm−1 and a large on-/off-current ratio of 106. The large charge controllability of the FeFET allows the conductive ITO channel to act as an electrode switch that connects and disconnects two capacitors. In order to increase the capacitance density and the capacitance tuning ratio (CTR), we propose a structure wherein a 25-nm-thick ferroelectric film is applied as both a gate insulator and a capacitor. The proposed structure exhibited a large capacitance density of 12.5 nF mm−2 and a wide CTR of approximately 10 000. This work facilitates future integration of passive and active components for advanced highly efficient and miniaturized electronics.
Photo-oxidative degradation of fluorinated chemisorbed monolayers studied by contact angle measurements and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Kawasaki Kanta , Shishido Rie , Niinomi Hiromasa , Onuma Akiko , Nakagawa Masaru 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigates photo-degradation of tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrimethoxysilane (FAS13) used for antisticking surface modifiers in nanoimprint lithography by exposure to vacuum UV light (VUV; λ = 172 nm) or UV/ozone (λ = 185 and 254 nm). The degradation of FAS13 molecules chemisorbed on silicon surfaces was monitored sensitively in the contact angle measurements using diiodomethane rather than water. Photo-oxidation made the contact angles of FAS13-modified surfaces after water wash lower than those of unwashed FAS13-modified surfaces. This suggested that photo-decomposition products were left on exposed FAS13-modified surfaces and removed with water. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry defined that the FAS13 chemisorbed monolayer was detected as a characteristic parent anion of C8F13
−, whereas the decomposition products were detected as C6F13
− and C3F7
−. Further exposure made the decomposition products photo-degraded to low-molecular-weight species and finally disappear from the surface. With the photo-degradation mechanism, UV/ozone exposure in an ambient condition was essentially the same as VUV exposure.
Phase-transition time of a commercial magnetron driving a surface-wave plasma load
Authors: Kim Dohan , Cha Ju-Hong , Shon Chae-Hwa , Kim Jong-Soo , Han Seong-Tae 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Surface-wave plasma which generates a specific wave mode between the plasma and a dielectric window by microwave is superior to RF plasmas in producing relatively higher electron density at low temperature. To challenge the uniformity issue of the microwave plasma whose wavelength is shorter than the size of the industrial system, rotating field systems by imparting a phase difference of microwaves from multiple inputs over time are attracting attention. The authors investigate the feasibility of a phase-locked-loop (PLL) injected magnetron (MGT) as a highly efficient microwave source to modulate the phase difference of high-power microwaves fast and precisely. The phase-transition time of the MGT with a plasma load is estimated to be below 45 ns by theoretical analysis and experimental measurement. The results show that the phase-modulation frequency of microwaves with the PLL-injected MGT is capable of reaching up to 10 MHz.
A Unified Framework for Multi-Agent Formation with a Non-repetitive Leader Trajectory: Adaptive Control and Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Yiyang , Chen Hongtian , De Schutter Bart 
Published: January 2023

<p>Formation tracking (FT) control aims at handling cooperative tasks in multi-agent systems (MASs) to achieve desired performance. In these tasks, the leader's input is generally non-zero and unknown to all followers, i.e., its trajectory can be arbitrary and non-repetitive. In this paper, the additive property of linear systems is exploited to develop a unified framework for FT tasks of MASs, consisting of adaptive observer-based control (AOC) and iterative learning control (ILC). This framework employs an AOC controller to guarantee a fixed-shape formation between the leader and followers during the whole process, which reserves the initial condition for ILC. Also, it employs ILC to improve the FT performance of certain repetitive tasks (followers rotating around the leader) over the trials. This gives rise to a fully distributed algorithm working for a directed communication graph containing a spanning tree without requiring any eigenvalue information from the Laplacian matrix of the graph, which enables its application to MASs with a large number of agents. Comparisons are provided via a numerical simulation to show that the proposed combined AOC-ILC algorithm has less FT error than pure AOC (without ILC), which validates the feasibility and efficacy of this algorithm.</p>
Assessing the reliability of web-based measurements of visual function
Authors: Leadbeater Richard J. , McGraw Paul , Ledgeway Timothy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany behavioural phenomena have been replicated using web-based experiments, but evaluation of the agreement between objective measures of web- and lab-based performance is required if scientists and clinicians are to reap the benefits of web-based testing. In this study, we investigated the reliability of a task which assesses early visual cortical function by evaluating the well-known ‘oblique effect’ (we are better at seeing horizontal and vertical edges than tilted ones) and the levels of agreement between remote, web-based measures and lab-based measures. Sixty-nine young participants (mean age, 21.8 years) performed temporal and spatial versions of a web-based, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) orientation-identification task. In each case, orientation-identification thresholds (the minimum orientation difference at which a standard orientation could be reliably distinguished from a rotated comparison) were measured for cardinal (horizontal and vertical) and oblique orientations. Reliability was assessed in a subsample of 18 participants who performed the same tasks under laboratory conditions. Robust oblique effects were found, such that thresholds were substantially lower for cardinal orientations compared to obliques, for both web- and lab-based measures of the temporal and spatial 2AFC tasks. Crucially, web- and lab-based orientation-identification thresholds showed high levels of agreement, demonstrating the suitability of web-based testing for assessments of early visual cortical function. Future studies should assess the reliability of similar web-based tasks in clinical populations to evaluate their adoption into clinical settings, either to screen for visual anomalies or to assess changes in performance associated with progression of disease severity.
TRAINING OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA
Authors: Антон Андреевич Коновалов, , Дарья Анатольевна Ожиганова, 
Published: January 2023

Актуальные социально-экономические условия поднимают проблему быстрой и качественной подготовки специалистов среднего звена, условия реализации которой зависят от кадрового обеспечения педагогического состава образовательных организаций. В связи с этим выделяется необходимость изучения зарубежного опыта с целью модернизации существующей системы профессионально-педагогического образования. Ведущими методами в исследовании стали анализ и обобщение содержания научной литературы, государственных сайтов различных ведомств и образовательных организаций, нормативных и локальных документов. В результатах исследования представлено сравнение зарубежных моделей профессионально-педагогического образования, в частности в Великобритании и Китае, с российской. Общие тенденции по профессионально-педагогической подготовке педагогических работников сферы профессионального образования в анализируемых зарубежных странах могут быть учтены при модернизации и развитии национальной системы подготовки педагогов СПО в России, прежде всего по тем направлениям, которые сегодня в России не реализуются.
Current socio-economic conditions raise the problem of rapid and high-quality training of middle-level specialists, realization of which depends on the staffing of educational personnel. In this connection, the need to study foreign experience in order to modernize the system of vocational education and training is highlighted. The basic methods in the study are the analysis and generalization of the content of scientific works, national sites of various departments and educational organizations, regulatory and local documents. The study results present a comparison of foreign models of vocational education and training system, in particular Great Britain and China, with the Russian model of vocational and pedagogical education. General trends in the vocational and pedagogical training of vocational teachers in the foreign countries under analysis can be taken into account in the modernization and development of the national system for vocational education and training system in Russia, first of all, those trends that are not implemented in Russia today.
PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING DRAWING AND PAINTING TO FUTURE ARCHITECTS AT THE FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Authors: Анатолий Иванович Пайгусов, 
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию особенностей преподавания рисунка и живописи на строительном факультете. Ее актуальность определяется потребностью качественной подготовки студентов к использованию рисунка и живописи в процессе архитектурного проектирования. В ней дан краткий обзор литературы по данной проблематике, отражены проблема, цель исследования, указаны материалы и методы исследования. В тексте описаны особенности обучения рисунку и живописи на строительном факультете. Анализируются два существующих в настоящее время подхода к обучению рисунку и живописи в архитектурно-строительных вузах. Приводится авторская позиция по этому вопросу. Отмечается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к разработке содержания программ по данному предмету. Рассматриваются типичные затруднения, возникающие у студентов при обучении рисунку и живописи, описываются состав и структура содержания образования по данному предмету. Автор подробно останавливается на технологии мастер-классов, наиболее эффективных в обучении студентов, не имеющих довузовской художественной подготовки по программам дополнительного образования. В заключительной части статьи даны методические рекомендации для преподавателей. Статья написана в рамках компетентностного подхода к обучению студентов вуза. Она ориентирована на педагогов, преподающих рисунок и живопись на строительных факультетах классических университетов.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching drawing and painting at the faculty of civil engineering. Its relevance is determined by the need for high-quality preparation of students to use drawing and painting in the process of architectural design. The article gives a brief review of the works on this issue, reflects the problem, the purpose of the study, indicates the materials and methods of the study, describes the peculiarities of teaching drawing and painting at the faculty of civil engineering. Two currently existing approaches to teaching drawing and painting in architecture and construction universities are analyzed. The author’s position on this issue is given. The need for an interdisciplinary approach to the development of the content of programs in this subject is noted. The author considers typical difficulties students encounter while studying drawing and painting, describes the composition and structure of the educational content of the subject. The author considers in detail the technology of master-classes that are the most effective in teaching students who do not have pre-collegiate preparation in art studies in programs of additional education. In the final part of the article, methodological recommendations for teachers are given. The article is written in the framework of the competence-based approach to teaching university students. It is aimed at teachers who teach drawing and painting at the faculties of civil engineering of classical universities.