bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supervised deep learning with vision transformer predicts delirium using limited lead EEG
Authors: Mulkey Malissa A. , Huang Huyunting , Albanese Thomas , Kim Sunghan , Yang Baijian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs many as 80% of critically ill patients develop delirium increasing the need for institutionalization and higher morbidity and mortality. Clinicians detect less than 40% of delirium when using a validated screening tool. EEG is the criterion standard but is resource intensive thus not feasible for widespread delirium monitoring. This study evaluated the use of limited-lead rapid-response EEG and supervised deep learning methods with vision transformer to predict delirium. This proof-of-concept study used a prospective design to evaluate use of supervised deep learning with vision transformer and a rapid-response EEG device for predicting delirium in mechanically ventilated critically ill older adults. Fifteen different models were analyzed. Using all available data, the vision transformer models provided 99.9%+ training and 97% testing accuracy across models. Vision transformer with rapid-response EEG is capable of predicting delirium. Such monitoring is feasible in critically ill older adults. Therefore, this method has strong potential for improving the accuracy of delirium detection, providing greater opportunity for individualized interventions. Such an approach may shorten hospital length of stay, increase discharge to home, decrease mortality, and reduce the financial burden associated with delirium.
Single cell profiling at the maternal–fetal interface reveals a deficiency of PD-L1+ non-immune cells in human spontaneous preterm labor
Authors: Liu Xiao , Aneas Ivy , Sakabe Noboru , Anderson Rebecca L. , Billstrand Christine , Paz Cristina , Kaur Harjot , Furner Brian , Choi Seong , Prichina Adriana Y. , Enninga Elizabeth Ann L. , Dong Haidong , Murtha Amy , Crawford Gregory E. , Kessler John A. , Grobman William , Nobrega Marcelo A. , Rana Sarosh , Ober Carole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms that underlie the timing of labor in humans are largely unknown. In most pregnancies, labor is initiated at term (≥ 37 weeks gestation), but in a signifiicant number of women spontaneous labor occurs preterm and is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cells at the maternal–fetal interface (MFI) in term and preterm pregnancies in both the laboring and non-laboring state in Black women, who have among the highest preterm birth rates in the U.S. Using mass cytometry to obtain high-dimensional single-cell resolution, we identified 31 cell populations at the MFI, including 25 immune cell types and six non-immune cell types. Among the immune cells, maternal PD1+ CD8 T cell subsets were less abundant in term laboring compared to term non-laboring women. Among the non-immune cells, PD-L1+ maternal (stromal) and fetal (extravillous trophoblast) cells were less abundant in preterm laboring compared to term laboring women. Consistent with these observations, the expression of CD274, the gene encoding PD-L1, was significantly depressed and less responsive to fetal signaling molecules in cultured mesenchymal stromal cells from the decidua of preterm compared to term women. Overall, these results suggest that the PD1/PD-L1 pathway at the MFI may perturb the delicate balance between immune tolerance and rejection and contribute to the onset of spontaneous preterm labor.
Effectiveness of a telerehabilitation intervention using ReCOVery APP of long COVID patients: a randomized, 3-month follow-up clinical trial
Authors: Samper-Pardo M. , León-Herrera S. , Oliván-Blázquez B. , Méndez-López F. , Domínguez-García M. , Sánchez-Recio R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to analyze the clinical efficacy of telerehabilitation in the recovery of Long COVID patients through ReCOVery APP for 3 months, administered in the Primary Health Care context. The second objective is to identify significant models associated with an improvement in the study variables. An open-label randomized clinical trial was conducted using two parallel groups of a total of 100 Long COVID patients. The first group follows the treatment as usual methods established by their general practitioner (control group) and the second follows the same methods and also uses ReCOVery APP (intervention group). After the intervention, no significant differences were found in favour of the group intervention. Regarding adherence, 25% of the participants made significant use of the APP. Linear regression model establishes that the time of use of ReCOVery APP predicts an improvement in physical function (b = 0.001; p = 0.005) and community social support (b = 0.004; p = 0.021). In addition, an increase in self-efficacy and health literacy also contribute to improving cognitive function (b = 0.346; p = 0.001) and reducing the number of symptoms (b = 0.226; p = 0.002), respectively. In conclusion, the significant use of ReCOVery APP can contribute to the recovery of Long COVID patients.
Trial Registration No.: ISRCTN91104012.
The association between conjunctival and scleral thickness and ocular surface ultraviolet autofluorescence
Authors: Rajasingam Pryntha , Shaw Alyra , Davis Brett , Alonso-Caneiro David , Hamwood Jared , Collins Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage. The conjunctival and scleral thicknesses of participants with and without ocular surface UVAF were measured to examine the UVAF associated tissue thicknesses. The presence of UVAF on the ocular surface was associated with significant differences in tissue thickness including thinner conjunctival epitheliums and thicker scleras but predominantly thickening of the conjunctival stroma. Participants were also classified into four groups according to the presence and absence of UVAF on both the temporal and nasal conjunctivas. It was noted that for those that had only nasal UVAF, the temporal conjunctival stroma was significantly thicker even without the presence of UVAF. Some participants with temporal UVAF had signs of pinguecula observed with slit lamp examination and some had OCT SLO enface imaging darkening. These findings highlight the potential of techniques other than slit lamp examination, including tissue thickness measurement and UVAF photography, in the detection of early UV-related changes to the ocular surface.
A novel deep learning approach for typhoon-induced storm surge modeling through efficient emulation of wind and pressure fields
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Ueda Naonori , Miyoshi Takemasa , Iwamoto Takumu , Heidarzadeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModeling typhoon-induced storm surges requires 10-m wind and sea level pressure fields as forcings, commonly obtained using parametric models or a fully dynamical simulation by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. The parametric models are generally less accurate than the full-physics models of the NWP, but they are often preferred owing to their computational efficiency facilitating rapid uncertainty quantification. Here, we propose using a deep learning method based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) to translate the parametric model outputs into a more realistic atmospheric forcings structure resembling the NWP model results. Additionally, we introduce lead-lag parameters to incorporate a forecasting feature in our model. Thirty-four historical typhoon events from 1981 to 2012 are selected to train the GAN, followed by storm surge simulations for the four most recent events. The proposed method efficiently transforms the parametric model into realistic forcing fields by a standard desktop computer within a few seconds. The results show that the storm surge model accuracy with forcings generated by GAN is comparable to that of the NWP model and outperforms the parametric model. Our novel GAN model offers an alternative for rapid storm forecasting and can potentially combine varied data, such as those from satellite images, to improve the forecasts further.
Posterior hippocampal CA2/3 volume is associated with autobiographical memory recall ability in lower performing individuals
Authors: Clark Ian A. , Dalton Marshall A. , Maguire Eleanor A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeople vary substantially in their capacity to recall past experiences, known as autobiographical memories. Here we investigated whether the volumes of specific hippocampal subfields were associated with autobiographical memory retrieval ability. We manually segmented the full length of the two hippocampi in 201 healthy young adults into DG/CA4, CA2/3, CA1, subiculum, pre/parasubiculum and uncus, in the largest such manually segmented subfield sample yet reported. Across the group we found no evidence for an association between any subfield volume and autobiographical memory recall ability. However, when participants were assigned to lower and higher performing groups based on their memory recall scores, we found that bilateral CA2/3 volume was significantly and positively associated with autobiographical memory recall performance specifically in the lower performing group. We further observed that this effect was attributable to posterior CA2/3. By contrast, semantic details from autobiographical memories, and performance on a range of laboratory-based memory tests, did not correlate with CA2/3 volume. Overall, our findings highlight that posterior CA2/3 may be particularly pertinent for autobiographical memory recall. They also reveal that there may not be direct one-to-one mapping of posterior CA2/3 volume with autobiographical memory ability, with size mattering perhaps only in those with poorer memory recall.
On multiplexing in physical random number generation, and conserved total entropy content
Authors: Monet Frederic , Kashyap Raman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the current article, we use a random supercontinuum based on a random Raman distributed feedback laser to investigate the generation of random numbers by spectrally demultiplexing the broad supercontinuum spectrum in parallel channels. By tuning the spectral separation between two independent channels, we test the most typically used statistical tests’ abilities to identify the required minimum spectral separation between channels, especially after the use of post-processing steps. Out of all the tests that were investigated, the cross-correlation across channels using the raw data appears to be the most robust. We also demonstrate that the use of post-processing steps, either least significant bits extraction or exclusive-OR operations, hinders the ability of these tests to detect the existing correlations. As such, performing these tests on post-processed data, often reported in literature, is insufficient to properly establish the independence of two parallel channels. We therefore present a methodology, which may be used to confirm the true randomness of parallel random number generation schemes. Finally, we demonstrate that, while tuning a single channel’s bandwidth can modify its potential randomness output, it also affects the number of available channels, such that the total random number generation bitrate is conserved.
The effect of customer satisfaction on floral product purchase behavior, evidence from Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Chen Tinggui , Wang Chan , Liu Zengjin , Jia Lei , Zhao Xintong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChina's flower industry is developing rapidly, and the size of the retail market is increasing year by year. Studying the factors influencing residents' flower purchasing behavior and understanding their flower needs can help promote the sustainable development of the flower industry. Based on customer satisfaction theory, this paper uses 838 consumer research questionnaires from 15 districts in Shanghai to analyze the influence of customer satisfaction on residents' flower purchasing behavior by conducting a binary logit model and to investigate the moderating effect of flower purchasing purpose on the influence of satisfaction. The results show that price satisfaction and satisfaction with promotional methods have a significant negative effect on flower purchasing behavior, service satisfaction has a significant positive effect on purchasing behavior, and different customer purchase purposes lead to different intensities of the effect of satisfaction on purchasing behavior. According to the conclusion of the study, three countermeasures are proposed: to popularize the knowledge of flower culture, guide the concept of flower consumption, and promote the transformation of flower consumption to daily consumption; to conduct regular research on consumers by flower merchants to clarify consumers' needs and improve their satisfaction; to clarify consumers' purchase intention, increase the investment in the research and development and cultivation of flower products, and improve the supply level of flowers.
CTLA-4 suppresses hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis model mice
Authors: Tetsu Hiroe , Nakayama Kanako , Nishijo Taku , Yuki Takuo , Miyazawa Masaaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) patients with skin barrier dysfunction are considered to be at a higher risk of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), although previous studies showed that attenuated ACD responses to strong sensitizers in AD patients compared to healthy controls. However, the mechanisms of ACD response attenuation in AD patients are unclear. Therefore, using the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse model, this study explored the differences in CHS responses to hapten sensitization between NC/Nga mice with or without AD induction (i.e., non-AD and AD mice, respectively). In this study, ear swelling and hapten-specific T cell proliferation were significantly lower in AD than in non-AD mice. Moreover, we examined the T cells expressing cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which is known to suppress T cell activation, and found a higher frequency of CTLA-4+ regulatory T cells in draining lymph node cells in AD than in non-AD mice. Furthermore, the blockade of CTLA-4 using a monoclonal antibody eliminated the difference in ear swelling between non-AD and AD mice. These findings suggested that CTLA-4+T cells may contribute to suppressing the CHS responses in AD mice.
Spicy food intake predicts Alzheimer-related cognitive decline in older adults with low physical activity
Authors: Hwang Jaeuk , Choe Young Min , Suh Guk-Hee , Lee Boung Chul , Choi Ihn-Geun , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Yi Dahyun , Kim Jee Wook 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA plausible association exists among spicy food consumption, physical activity, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or cognitive decline, but it remains poorly investigated. We aimed to examined the association between spicy food and AD-related memory decline or global cognitive decline in older adults under the moderating effect of physical activity. Total 196 non-demented older adults were included. Participants underwent comprehensive dietary and clinical assessments including spicy food intake, AD-related memory, global cognition, and physical activity. The strength of spicy food was stratified into three categories: ‘not spicy’ (reference), ‘low spiciness’, and ‘high spiciness’. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between spicy level and cognition. The spicy level was the independent variable in each analysis; it was entered as a stratified categorical variable using the three categories. We found a significant association between a high level of spiciness in food and decreased memory ($$\beta$$
β
− 0.167, p < 0.001) or global cognition ($$\beta$$
β
− 0.122, p = 0.027), but not non-memory cognition. To explore the moderating effects of age, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele-positivity, vascular risk score, body mass index, and physical activity on the associations between spicy level and memory or global cognition, the same regression analyses were repeated including two-way interaction terms between the spicy level and each of the six variables as an additional independent variable. An interactive effect was detected between a high level of spiciness in food and physical activity on the memory ($$\beta$$
β
0.209, p = 0.029) or global cognition ($$\beta$$
β
0.336, p = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between a high level of spiciness in food and a lower memory ($$\beta$$
β
− 0.254, p < 0.001) and global score ($$\beta$$
β
− 0.222, p = 0.002) was present only in older adults with low physical activity, but not in older adults with high physical activity. Our findings suggest that spicy food intake is predictive of AD-related cognitive decline, i.e., episodic memory; this relationship is worsened by physically inactive lifestyle.
GaNDLF: the generally nuanced deep learning framework for scalable end-to-end clinical workflows
Authors: Pati Sarthak , Thakur Siddhesh P. , Hamamcı İbrahim Ethem , Baid Ujjwal , Baheti Bhakti , Bhalerao Megh , Güley Orhun , Mouchtaris Sofia , Lang David , Thermos Spyridon , Gotkowski Karol , González Camila , Grenko Caleb , Getka Alexander , Edwards Brandon , Sheller Micah , Wu Junwen , Karkada Deepthi , Panchumarthy Ravi , Ahluwalia Vinayak , Zou Chunrui , Bashyam Vishnu , Li Yuemeng , Haghighi Babak , Chitalia Rhea , Abousamra Shahira , Kurc Tahsin M. , Gastounioti Aimilia , Er Sezgin , Bergman Mark , Saltz Joel H. , Fan Yong , Shah Prashant , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Tsaftaris Sotirios A. , Menze Bjoern , Davatzikos Christos , Kontos Despina , Karargyris Alexandros , Umeton Renato , Mattson Peter , Bakas Spyridon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeep Learning (DL) has the potential to optimize machine learning in both the scientific and clinical communities. However, greater expertise is required to develop DL algorithms, and the variability of implementations hinders their reproducibility, translation, and deployment. Here we present the community-driven Generally Nuanced Deep Learning Framework (GaNDLF), with the goal of lowering these barriers. GaNDLF makes the mechanism of DL development, training, and inference more stable, reproducible, interpretable, and scalable, without requiring an extensive technical background. GaNDLF aims to provide an end-to-end solution for all DL-related tasks in computational precision medicine. We demonstrate the ability of GaNDLF to analyze both radiology and histology images, with built-in support for k-fold cross-validation, data augmentation, multiple modalities and output classes. Our quantitative performance evaluation on numerous use cases, anatomies, and computational tasks supports GaNDLF as a robust application framework for deployment in clinical workflows.
A multi‐criteria methodology with algebraic validation for the design of space vector switching sequences over a fundamental period horizon
Authors: Zucuni Jordan Pauleski , Schuetz Dimas Alã , de Morais Carnielutti Fernanda , Grigoletto Felipe Bovolini , Pinheiro Humberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel methodology for the design of the Space Vector (SV) switching sequences in order to reduce the output voltage distortion and the common‐mode voltage (CMV) without increasing the number of commutations in comparison to conventional and optimised techniques presented in the literature. Three spaces can be distinguished in a converter, referring to: line‐to‐line voltages, phase voltages and switching states. Consequently, three correspondent sequences of vectors in each space can be verified. The output voltage distortion, CMV and switching count are mainly affected, respectively, by the sequences in the line‐to‐line voltage, phase voltage and switching state spaces. However, the three spaces are interdependent, and the selection of a sequence in one space affects the ones in the other spaces. As a consequence, this paper presents a novel SV approach, where the line‐to‐line voltage sequences are selected over a fundamental period horizon considering the impact in the phase voltages through an algebraic analysis, assuring minimal phase voltage transitions while using VIKOR method to choose the best trade‐off between reduction of output voltage distortion and CMV. In order to validate the proposed strategy, experimental results are given to a three‐phase five‐level Packed U‐Cell (PUC5) converter.
Osteogenesis promotion by injectable methacryloylated gelatin containing psoralen and its bacteriostatic properties
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chu Fuhang , Xu Yingjie , Wu Xiaonan , Yu Jie , Cong Beibei , Wu Yingtao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe treatment of periodontitis focuses on controlling the progression of inflammation, reducing plaque accumulation, and promoting bone tissue reconstruction. Among them, the reconstruction of irregular bone resorption caused by periodontitis is a long‐standing challenge. At present, the local drug treatment of periodontitis is mainly anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial drugs. In this study, psoralen (Pso), a Chinese herbal medicine with anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and osteogenic effects, was selected for the local treatment of periodontitis. Meanwhile, an injectable methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) platform loading with Pso was constructed. Pso‐GelMA had the properties of fluidity, light cohesion, self‐healing, and slow release, which could be better used in the deep and narrow structure of the periodontal pocket, and greatly increased the effectiveness of local drug delivery. The pore size of Gelma hydrogel did not change after loading Pso by SEM. In vitro, Pso‐GelMA effectively upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes and proteins, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, promoted the mineralisation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) extracellular matrix, and had significant antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Therefore, Pso‐GelMA has immense promise in the adjuvant treatment of periodontitis.