bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Point Calibration for Microwave Sounders: Application to TEMPEST-D
Authors: Brown Shannon T. , Tanner Alan , Reising Steven C. , Berg Wesley 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Passive microwave sounders are critical for accurate forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. These sensors are calibrated using a traditional two-point approach, with one source typically a free-space blackbody target and the second a clear view to the cosmic microwave background, commonly referred to as “cold space.” Occasionally, one or both of these calibration sources can become corrupted, either by solar/lunar intrusion in the cold space view or by thermal instability of the blackbody calibration source. A Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems (TEMPEST) microwave sounder instrument is currently deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) for a 3-yr mission. TEMPEST is also calibrated using a blackbody target and cold space view; however, the cold space view will be routinely obstructed by objects present on the ISS. Here we test an alternative single-point calibration methodology that uses only the blackbody calibration target. We find the brightness temperature difference between this new approach and the traditional two-point calibration approach to be <0.1 K when applied to 3 years of the TEMPEST CubeSat Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) mission data from 2018 to 2020. This approach is applicable to other microwave radiometers that experience occasional degradation of calibration sources, such as thermal effects, intrusions, or instability of noise diodes.

Significance Statement
Cross-track microwave sounders have relied on two distinct calibration sources, often the cosmic microwave background using a clear view to cold space and an ambient blackbody target. We have tested an alternative approach that uses a single calibration target, making the sensor robust to occasional field-of-view intrusions of the space view or alternatively simplifies the spaceborne sensor design by eliminating the need for a clear view to space. We find that the performance difference between this new approach and the traditional two-calibration source approach is indistinguishable for both microwave temperature/water vapor profiling and precipitation-rate estimation. This calibration technique can be applied to past, current, and future microwave sounders to help diagnose systematic uncertainties in sensor calibration targets.
Stability Properties of the Constant Coefficients Semi-Implicit Time Schemes Solving Nonfiltering Approximation of the Fully Compressible Equations
Authors: Smolíková Petra , Vivoda Jozef 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A set of control parameters is introduced in the fully elastic nonhydrostatic Euler equations formulated in the mass-based vertical coordinate of Laprise. Contrary to the classical approach, the hydrostatic limit is represented by a subspace of control parameters, instead of a single point. By finding a suitable path from the fully compressible equations to the hydrostatic subspace, we are able to construct a blended system with acoustic modes slowed down and gravity modes nearly unaffected. Numerical stability of the discretized system is thus improved, and the solution remains essentially the fully compressible one. Alternatively, control parameters can be used to redefine the linear model of the constant coefficients semi-implicit time scheme, increasing the numerical stability of the fully compressible system. With a careful choice of the control parameters in both, the linear model used in the semi-implicit temporal scheme, and in the full model, the blended system does not deteriorate the compressible solution while its semi-implicit temporal discretization is more stable. We illustrate the potential of the method in several simple examples and in real case studies using the ALADIN system.
An Analysis of the Impact of Vertical Wind Shear on Convection Initiation Using Large-Eddy Simulations: Importance of Wake Entrainment
Authors: LeBel Luke J. , Markowski Paul M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The initiation of thunderstorms in environments characterized by strong wind shear presents a forecast challenge because of the complexities of the interactions between growing cumulus clouds and wind shear. Thunderstorms that develop in such environments are often capable of producing high-impact hazards, highlighting the importance of convection initiation in sheared environments. Although recent research has greatly improved understanding of the structure and evolution of rising thermals in unsheared environments, there remains uncertainty in how wind shear influences the convection initiation process. Two large-eddy simulations (75-m horizontal grid spacing) were performed to study this problem. Convection initiation attempts are forced in the simulations through prescribed surface heat fluxes (the initial boundary layers are statistically horizontally homogeneous and quasi–steady state but contain turbulent eddies as a result of random initial temperature perturbations). The only difference between the two simulations is the presence or absence of wind shear above 2 km. Important differences in the entrainment patterns are present between sheared and unsheared growing cumulus clouds. As found in previous research, the overturning circulation associated with rising thermals drives dynamic entrainment in the unsheared clouds. However, in sheared clouds, wake entrainment resulting from the tilting of environmental vorticity is an important dynamic entrainment pathway. This result has implications for both the structure of sheared growing cumulus clouds and for convection initiation in sheared environments.

Significance Statement
Forecasts of thunderstorm hazards such as tornadoes, hail, and strong winds, require the accurate prediction of when and where thunderstorms form. Unfortunately, predicting thunderstorm formation is not easy, as there are a lot of different factors to consider. One such factor is environmental vertical wind shear, which describes how winds change speed and direction with height. The purpose of this study is to better understand how wind shear impacts developing clouds. Our results demonstrate a specific mechanism, called “wake entrainment,” through which wind shear can weaken developing clouds and potentially prevent them from becoming strong thunderstorms entirely. Understanding this mechanism may be useful for thunderstorm prediction in environments characterized by wind shear.
Improved Predictability of Summertime Rossby Wave Breaking Frequency near Japan in JMA/MRI-CPS3 Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Takemura Kazuto , Maeda Shuhei , Yamada Ken , Mukougawa Hitoshi , Naoe Hiroaki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The seasonal predictability of the Rossby wave breaking (RWB) frequency near Japan in July–August (JA) is examined using daily JMA/MRI-CPS3 (CPS3) hindcast data, which is an operational seasonal prediction system of the Japan Meteorological Agency. Although the RWB frequency near Japan during JA in CPS3 is underestimated in comparison with the reanalysis, interannual variabilities of the frequency are generally predicted with moderate or high skill for hindcasts, initiating from February to June. The RWB frequency forecast skill in CPS3 is much higher than that in the previous version of the seasonal prediction system due to the improvement in the model bias of the Asian jet stream meridional position. A regression analysis for the RWB frequency near Japan utilizing all ensemble members is conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of the increased (decreased) RWB frequency associated with La Niña (El Niño) conditions, as indicated by previous studies. The regressed anomalies demonstrate an anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) pattern similar to that of La Niña and a negative phase of the Indian Ocean dipole mode with the associated anomalous convection in the tropics. For the La Niña condition, the regressed geopotential height in the upper troposphere demonstrates negative anomalies over the tropical Pacific and positive anomalies in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, corresponding to the enhanced mid-Pacific trough and northward-shifted subtropical jet. The regressed meridional wind anomalies demonstrate a wavy pattern along the Asian jet over Eurasia, consistent with the relationship between the Silk Road pattern and the RWB near the Asian jet exit region.
Identification of young females at high risk of suicide following hospital-treated self-harm in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Clapperton Angela J , Dwyer Jeremy , Spittal Matthew J 
Published: April 2023

Objective: We conducted a data linkage study in Victoria, Australia, to determine the proportion of young females who are treated in hospital for self-harm who go on to die by suicide within 5 years and to identify factors associated with increased suicide risk in this same cohort. Method: We undertook a cohort study following 3689 female patients aged 10–24 years, who were initially treated in hospital for self-harm during the 2-year period January 2011 to December 2012. We followed each patient for 5 years unless they died first, in which case, they were followed until their date of death. We used inpatient admissions from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and emergency department presentations from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset linked to death data from two sources, the Victorian Suicide Register and the National Death Index. Results: Twenty-eight individuals (0.76% of the total cohort) died by suicide within 5 years of their index admission. In multivariate survival analysis, only suicide ideation at the time of self-harm (hazard ratio = 4.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.70, 12.38) and a decreasing time between successive self-harm episodes (hazard ratio = 4.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 15.00) were associated with increased suicide risk. Conclusion: Although the vast majority of young females who present to hospital for self-harm do not die by suicide within 5 years, our results suggest young females expressing suicide ideation and those presenting frequently with decreasing time between successive episodes should be prioritised for suicide-prevention efforts.
Does migrant workers’ subjective social status affect their mental health? Job satisfaction as a longitudinal mediator
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Zhang Junwei , Chi Meidi , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2023

Background: Prior studies on migrant workers have explored the effect of their subjective social status and job satisfaction on their mental health, respectively or combined, as well as how their subjective social status affects their job satisfaction. Nonetheless, few have accounted straightforwardly and holistically for the mechanism of interaction between subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health amongst migrant workers. Aims: Taking migrant workers in China as the object of study, we intended to probe the longitudinal links between their subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health, in particular, their job satisfaction as a longitudinal mediator therein. Method: Using the three-wave data from the 2014, 2016 and 2018 China Labour-force Dynamics Survey, we defined migrant workers as labourers aged 15 to 64 with agricultural hukou and engaged in non-agricultural work in urban areas. The final valid sample comprised 2,035 individuals. Latent growth models (LGMs) were applied to test the hypothesised relationships. Results: The LGMs based on bootstrapping showed that amongst migrant workers the subjective social status, job satisfaction and mental health tended overall to grow linearly and that the job satisfaction longitudinally mediated between the subjective social status and mental health. Conclusions: The findings may enlighten policymaking to elevate migrant workers mentally and inform future studies on theoretical and practical fronts.
Associations Between Post-tonsillectomy Hemorrhage and Anatomical Subsites of the Tonsillar Fossa
Authors: Lou Zhengcai 
Published: April 2023

Objective This study presents a novel classification of the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa and discusses their associations with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) after extracapsular tonsillectomy. Materials and Methods Coblation tonsillectomy was performed on three adult cadavers and the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa based on the distribution of the tonsillar feeding artery: the upper pole (subsite A), most of the tonsil body (subsite B), the inferior tonsil body (subsite C), and components of the lower pole (subsites D and E). Extracapsular tonsillectomy was prospectively performed using various surgical techniques and PTH was evaluated. Results A cadaveric study revealed that the intra- and extra-capsular vessel topographies were essentially identical. Although the demarcation lines varied either up or down by a few millimeters, the arterial vascular network was particularly dense at subsites D and E, and the vessel diameter at these subsites was significantly greater than at subsite C and also (especially) at subsite E. Of 680 patients who underwent tonsillectomy, PTH developed early in 13 (31.7%) and late in 28 (68.3%). Surgical interventions were required by 29/41 patients (70.7%). Subsites D and E were the most common subsites of late PTH and PTH that required intervention. Such intervention was rarely necessary when PTH developed at subsite A or B. Conclusions The new classification of the anatomical subsites of the tonsillar fossa aids inexperienced surgeons and provides an anatomical rationale for variation in surgical technique that minimizes vascular injury, thus improving safety.
Prognostic Value of Lymphovascular Invasion in Patients With Pyriform Sinus Carcinoma Treated With Surgery Plus Adjuvant Chemo-/Radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Hui , Xu Siyuan , Liu Jie , Liu Wensheng , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Shaoyan 
Published: April 2023

Objective We aimed to determine the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in pyriform sinus carcinoma (PSC) after primary surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods Patients who underwent primary surgery at our institution between 2000 and 2018 were included in this study and retrospectively analyzed. The endpoints were locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results We reviewed 117 patients with PSC. LVI was identified in 29 patients (24.8%). The 5-year LRR rate, DM rate, and DSS rate were 29.4%, 31.7%, and 45.9%, respectively. Tumors with LVI were associated with a significantly higher LRR ( P = 0.002, HR 3.678, 95% CI 1.646-8.218) and DM ( P = 0.003, HR 3.666, 95% CI 1.543-8.709) and a lower DSS ( P = 0.001, HR 2.814, 95% CI 1.519–5.213) in multivariate analysis. Conclusion LVI is a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with PSC treated with surgery plus adjuvant RT/CCRT.
Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound and microwave ablation for the treatment of small liver metastatic tumors
Authors: Wang Junjie , Wan Lili , Huang Guohua , Chen Cheng , Wu Yakun 
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of small liver metastatic tumors. Methods Fifty-eight patients with small liver metastatic tumors who underwent HIFU (n = 28) or MWA (n = 30) at Suining Central Hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results Operation times were longer and hospitalization costs were lower in the HIFU group than in the MWA group. Postoperative hospitalization times, tumor ablation rates, and clinical response and control rates did not differ significantly between the two groups 1 month after surgery. Rates of postoperative complications such as fever, liver dysfunction, injury, pain, and biliary leakage did not differ between the two groups. The 1- and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 96.4% and 52.4%, respectively, after HIFU and 93.3% and 51.4%, respectively, after MWA, which did not represent significant differences. Conclusions HIFU is a safe and feasible method of treating small liver metastatic tumors. Compared with MWA, HIFU was associated with lower hospitalization costs, reduced trauma, and fewer postoperative complications, making it a promising new local ablative treatment option for liver metastatic tumors.
Long-term Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment of Femoroacetabular Impingement for Patients With Borderline Dysplasia
Authors: Selley Ryan S. , Day Molly A. , Olsen Reena , Buza Stephanie S. , Sink Ernest L. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Nawabi Danyal H. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Outcomes after isolated hip arthroscopic surgery for patients with dysplasia have been unfavorable. Results have included iatrogenic instability and conversion to total hip arthroplasty at a young age. However, patients with borderline dysplasia (BD) have shown more favorable results at short- and medium-term follow-up. Purpose: To assess long-term outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement in patients with BD (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA] = 18°-25°) compared with a control group of patients without dysplasia (LCEA = 26°-40°). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We identified a group of 33 patients (38 hips) with BD who were treated for FAI between March 2009 and July 2012. An age- and sex-matched control group of 83 patients (96 hips) was also identified. Patient-reported outcome scores were collected preoperatively and subsequently at a mean of 9.6 years postoperatively. Results: The mean LCEA and Tönnis angle were 22.42°± 2.02° and 6.27°± 3.23° in the BD group, respectively, and 31.71°± 3.52° and 2.42°± 3.02° in the control group, respectively ( P < .001). At a mean follow-up of 9.6 years (range, 8.2-11.6 years), there was a significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome scores in both groups ( P < .001). There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative scores or rates of achieving the minimal clinically important difference between the BD and control groups. Bilateral surgery was noted to be a risk factor for any revision during the follow-up period ( P < .001). There were 2 hips (5.3%) that underwent revision surgery in the BD group and 10 hips (10.4%) in the control group; of these, 1 patient in the BD group underwent total hip arthroplasty, and 1 patient who had undergone bilateral surgery in the control group underwent bilateral hip resurfacing. Conclusion: Durable outcomes (>9 years) with low revision rates can be expected after hip arthroscopic surgery with an approach that involves labral preservation where possible and careful attention to capsular closure in patients with BD. The observed outcomes were similar to those of a femoroacetabular impingement group with normal coverage. These results highlight the importance of classifying patients into impingement or instability categories and tailoring treatment appropriately with arthroscopic surgery or periacetabular osteotomy, respectively.
Experimental study on the effect of luteolin on the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of inflammation-related mediators in lipopolysaccharide-induced keratinocytes
Authors: Wang Xinpei , Yao Yue , Li Yexian , Guo Shujing , Li Yanjia , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed at exploring the effects of luteolin on psoriasis-like cell model proliferation, apoptosis regulation and the expression of inflammation-related mediators. Methods A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the survival rate of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK cells) following stimulation with luteolin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and interleukin (IL)-6 after LPS stimulation. Then a luteolin stimulation protocol (10 μmol/L, 24 h) was determined and a reasonable LPS stimulation concentration (20 μg/mL, 24 h) was chosen to establish the psoriasis cell model. Keratinocytes in luteolin pre-treatment and control groups were stimulated with 20 μg/mL LPS for 24 h, and the expressions of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 were detected by western blot and RT-qPCR. The apoptosis of HaCaT cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of psoriasis-related inflammatory factors. Results CCK-8 assay indicated that luteolin inhibited the proliferation of keratinocytes. LPS stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes and upregulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced psoriasis-like changes. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IL-6 were decreased in the luteolin pre-stimulation group ( p < 0.05). Treatment with luteolin downregulated the expression of the LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes ( p < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that luteolin induced HaCaT cells apoptosis. Finally, ELISA results demonstrated that luteolin inhibited the release of the IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the pre-stimulation group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion This study confirmed that luteolin can effectively relieve inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced keratinocyte models of psoriasis, which suggested the potential of luteolin in treating psoriasis.
Sandwich designs for high levels of noise and vibrations
Authors: Kadioglu Ferhat , Polat Mehmet Ziya 
Published: April 2023

Lightweight materials with high structural damping and reasonably well flexural performance are demanded in some components of aerial vehicles such as interior part of helicopters where high levels of noise and vibrations exist. One of the best choices for this is through the use of a polymer matrix composite with suitable fiber orientations and a structural foam core. In this study, face sheets from a woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer plies and a foam core with three different thicknesses (10.7 mm, 25.4 mm, and 49.8 mm) have been used to manufacture sandwich structures to yield high dynamic values (damping and flexural rigidity). To measure these values, the sandwich beams with free-free boundary conditions were subjected to free vibration tests using a non-contact response measuring system. The measurements were made for the first, second and third natural frequencies, and compared to numerical modal analysis via the ANSYS package program. The results from experimental and numerical methods are found to be reasonably good in agreement and show that the sandwich structures are able to give high damping values, in general. It seems the specimens with relatively low thickness give relatively high damping values compared to the others, whereas the thicker ones are useful for high frequency domains and flexural rigidity. The behaviors of the beams have been found frequency dependent, due to the viscoelastic behavior of the foam cores at high frequency levels.