bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteroatom Doped Amorphous/Crystalline Ruthenium Oxide Nanocages as a Remarkable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Dandan , Wu Zeyi , Liu Jiajia , Gu Hongfei , Li You , Li Xueyan , Liu Shan , Liu Shange , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping robust and highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is critical for efficient sustainable energy conversion. Herein, heteroatom‐doped amorphous/crystalline ruthenium oxide‐based hollow nanocages (M‐ZnRuOx (MCo, Ni, Fe)) through delicate control of composition and structure is reported. Among as‐synthesized M‐ZnRuOx nanocages, Co‐ZnRuOx nanocages deliver an ultralow overpotential of 17 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 21.61 mV dec−1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), surpassing the commercial Pt/C catalyst, which benefits from the synergistic coupling effect between electron regulation induced by Co doping and amorphous/crystalline heterophase structure. Moreover, the incorporation of Co prevents Ru from over‐oxidation under oxygen evolution reaction (OER) operation, realizing the leap from a monofunctional to multifunctional electrocatalyst and then Co‐ZnRuOx nanocages exhibit remarkable OER catalytic activity as well as overall water splitting performance. Combining theory calculations with spectroscopy analysis reveal that Co is not only the optimal active site, increasing the number of exposed active sites while also boosting the long‐term durability of catalyst by modulating the electronic structure of Ru atoms. This work opens a considerable avenue to design highly active and durable Ru‐based electrocatalysts.
Minimal Architecture Lithium Batteries: Toward High Energy Density Storage Solutions
Authors: Celè Jacopo , Franger Sylvain , Lamy Yann , Oukassi Sami 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coupling of thick and dense cathodes with anode‐free lithium metal configuration is a promising path to enable the next generation of high energy density solid‐state batteries. In this work, LiCoO2 (30 µm)/LiPON/Ti is considered as a model system to study the correlation between fundamental electrode properties and cell electrochemical performance, and a physical model is proposed to understand the governing phenomena. The first cycle loss is demonstrated to be constant and independent of both cathode thickness and anode configuration, and only ascribed to the diffusion coefficient's abrupt fall at high lithium contents. Subsequent cycles achieve close to 100% coulombic efficiency. The examination of the effect of cathode thickness demonstrate a nearly linear correlation with areal specific capacity for sub‐100 µm LiCoO2 and 0.1 mA cm−2 current density. These findings bring new insights to better understand the energy density limiting factors and to suggest potential optimization approaches.
Automated Multi‐ and Block‐Copolymer Writing in Mesoporous Films Using Visible‐Light PET‐RAFT and a Microscope
Authors: Förster Claire , Lehn Robert , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor high throughput applications, e.g., in the context of sensing especially when being combined with machine learning, large sample numbers in acceptable production time are required. This needs automated synthesis and material functionalization concepts ideally combined with high precision. To automate sensing relevant mesopore polymer functionalization while being highly precise in polymer placement, polymer amount control, and polymer sequence design, a process for polymer writing in mesoporous silica films with pore diameter in the range of 13 nm is developed. Mesoporous films are functionalized with different polymers in adjustable polymer amount including block‐copolymer functionalization in an automated process using a visible‐light induced, controlled photo electron/energy transfer‐reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization. While transferring this PET‐RAFT to a commercially available microscope, direct, automated laser writing of three different polymers, as well as polymer re‐initiation is demonstrated. Using a laser diameter of ≈72 µm, significantly smaller polymer spots of ≈7 µm in diameter are realized. Micrometerscale resolved polymer images including block‐copolymers are written into mesoporous layers covering millimeter scale areas requiring a writing time in the range of one second per polymer spot.
Effects of Xanthan Gum Addition and Extrusion Parameters on Properties of Starch‐Based Fried Corn Extrudates
Authors: Gümüşay Özlem Aktürk , Sadıkoğlu Hasan , Şeker Mahmut 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStarch‐based corn grits are extruded and then the extrudates are fried to development for corn snacks with low oil content, improved texture, and preserved color characteristics. Effects of screw speed (100–300 rpm), feed moisture (37–47%), and xanthan gum (XG) level (0–1%) on expansion, oil absorption, hardness, color, and microstructural properties of fried extrudates are examined. Increased screw speed increases expansion index (EI) due to enhanced starch gelatinization. Elevated feed moisture content increases EI as a result of the low solubility index of starch‐based extrudates. The oil absorption of extrudates increases as screw speed and moisture content are elevated as a result of holes in the surface after frying. On the other hand, the incorporation of XG decreases oil absorption due to reduced holes on the surface. Hardness values range from 7.58 ± 0.47 to 42.26 ± 1.44 N. Increasing moisture content decreases the hardness of fried extrudates while increasing screw speed results inan increase in hardness. The incorporation of XG increases the hardness of extrudates. Increased screw speed, feed moisture, and XG ratio increase the lightness value and decrease the redness value. Browning index (BI) is decreased with an increase in feed moisture and XG level.
Research Progress on Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Edible Fungus
Authors: Sang Yumei , Han Xunze , Gao Yuchao , Hao Zitong , Zeng Yuan , Dai Shasha , Xue Hongkun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEdible fungus is widely eaten because of their delicious taste and high nutritional value. Growing evidence indicates that edible fungus is rich in various active ingredients including polysaccharides, proteins, fats, vitamins, and other ingredients. Polysaccharides are one of the main active ingredients of edible fungi. Increasing research has confirmed that edible fungus polysaccharides (EFPs) show multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor, immune regulation, anti‐virus, gut microbiota regulation, hypoglycemic, etc. Hence, EFP related research has received more and more attention due to their non‐toxic, high medical, and nutritional values. This paper reviews the latest research progress of EFPs biological activities, and looks forward to their future development trend. This review provides a theoretical basis for studying the application of EFPs in the fields of biomedicine, cosmetics, health food, and promotes the development and utilization of EFPs.
Analysis of mRNA Subcellular Distribution in Collective Cell Migration
Authors: Bradbury Joshua J. , Lovegrove Holly E. , Giralt-Pujol Marta , Herbert Shane P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe movement of groups of cells by collective cell migration requires division of labor between group members. Therefore, distinct cell identities, unique cell behaviors, and specific cellular roles are acquired by cells undergoing collective movement. A key driving force behind the acquisition of discrete cell states is the precise control of where, when, and how genes are expressed, both at the subcellular and supracellular level. Unraveling the mechanisms underpinning the spatiotemporal control of gene expression in collective cell migration requires not only suitable experimental models but also high-resolution imaging of messenger RNA and protein localization during this process. In recent times, the highly stereotyped growth of new blood vessels by sprouting angiogenesis has become a paradigm for understanding collective cell migration, and consequently this has led to the development of numerous user-friendly in vitro models of angiogenesis. In parallel, single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) has come to the fore as a powerful technique that allows quantification of both RNA number and RNA spatial distribution in cells and tissues. Moreover, smFISH can be combined with immunofluorescence to understand the precise interrelationship between RNA and protein distribution. Here, we describe methods for use of smFISH and immunofluorescence microscopy in in vitro angiogenesis models to enable the investigation of RNA and protein expression and localization during endothelial collective cell migration.
Approaches to Determine Nuclear Shape in Cells During Migration Through Collagen Matrices
Authors: Svoren Martin , Camerini Elena , van Erp Merijn , Yang Feng Wei , Bakker Gert-Jan , Wolf Katarina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFibrillar collagen is an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) component of interstitial tissues which supports the structure of many organs, including the skin and breast. Many different physiological processes, but also pathological processes such as metastatic cancer invasion, involve interstitial cell migration. Often, cell movement takes place through small ECM gaps and pores and depends upon the ability of the cell and its stiff nucleus to deform. Such nuclear deformation during cell migration may impact nuclear integrity, such as of chromatin or the nuclear envelope, and therefore the morphometric analysis of nuclear shapes can provide valuable insight into a broad variety of biological processes. Here, we describe a protocol on how to generate a cell-collagen model in vitro and how to use confocal microscopy for the static and dynamic visualization of labeled nuclei in single migratory cells. We developed, and here provide, two scripts that (Fidler, Nat Rev Cancer 3(6):453–458, 2003) enable the semi-automated and fast quantification of static single nuclear shape descriptors, such as aspect ratio or circularity, and the nuclear irregularity index that forms a combination of four distinct shape descriptors, as well as (Frantz et al., J Cell Sci 123 (Pt 24):4195–4200, 2010) a quantification of their changes over time. Finally, we provide quantitative measurements on nuclear shapes from cells that migrated through collagen either in the presence or the absence of an inhibitor of collagen degradation, showing the distinctive power of this approach. This pipeline can also be applied to cell migration studied in different assays, ranging from 3D microfluidics to migration in the living organism.
The geometric νSMEFT: operators and connections
Authors: Talbert Jim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We write down a geometric realization of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) extended by nf flavours of light sterile neutrinos, a so-called geoνSMEFT. As with the geoSMEFT introduced by Helset, Martin and Trott, we show that a refactorization of the νSMEFT’s operator product expansion is possible, such that two- and three-point composite operator forms are dressed with field-space connections composed of towers of Higgs dressings and symmetry generators, valid at all-orders in the $$ {\overline{v}}_T/\Lambda $$

v
¯

T

/
Λ
expansion parameter of the EFT $$ \left({\overline{v}}_T\equiv \sqrt{2\left\langle {H}^{\dagger }H\right\rangle}\right) $$

v
¯

T

≡

2

H
†

H

. These connections are parameterized by real Higgs coordinates and contribute to the field-space geometry of the (ν)SMEFT, with structure linked to the strength of Beyond-the-(ν)Standard Model physics encoded in $$ {\overline{v}}_T/\Lambda $$

v
¯

T

/
Λ
. In addition to enumerating the relevant composite operators and associated connections, we briefly outline the route to calculating all-$$ {\overline{v}}_T/\Lambda $$

v
¯

T

/
Λ
-orders amplitudes, including the flavor-invariant theory required to understand the neutrino mass-eigenstate basis geometrically.
Detection of antibodies against the huntingtin protein in human plasma
Authors: Denis Hélèna L. , Alpaugh Melanie , Alvarez Claudia P. , Fenyi Alexis , Barker Roger A. , Chouinard Sylvain , Arrowsmith Cheryl H. , Melki Ronald , Labib Richard , Harding Rachel J. , Cicchetti Francesca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a CAG expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which leads to the production and accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT). While primarily considered a disorder of the central nervous system, multiple changes have been described to occur throughout the body, including activation of the immune system. In other neurodegenerative disorders, activation of the immune system has been shown to include the production of antibodies against disease-associated pathological proteins. However, the existence of mHTT-targeted antibodies has never been reported. In this study, we assessed the presence and titer of antibodies recognizing HTT/mHTT in patients with HD (n = 66) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 66) using a combination of Western blotting and ELISA. Together, these analyses revealed that antibodies capable of recognizing HTT/mHTT were detectable in the plasma samples of all participants, including healthy controls. When antibody levels were monitored at different disease stages, it was observed that antibodies against full-length mHTT were highest in patients with severe disease while antibodies against HTTExon1 were elevated in patients with mild disease. Combined, these results suggest that antibodies detecting different forms of mHTT peak at different disease stages.
A pivot-based simulated annealing algorithm to determine oblique splits for decision tree induction
Authors: Bollwein Ferdinand 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe describe a new simulated annealing algorithm to compute near-optimal oblique splits in the context of decision tree induction. The algorithm can be interpreted as a walk on the cells of a hyperplane arrangement defined by the observations in the training set. The cells of this hyperplane arrangement correspond to subsets of oblique splits that divide the feature space in the same manner and the vertices of this arrangement reveal multiple neighboring solutions. We use a pivoting strategy to iterate over the vertices and to explore this neighborhood. Embedding this neighborhood search in a simulated annealing framework allows to escape local minima and increases the probability of finding global optimal solutions. To overcome the problems related to degeneracy, we rely on a lexicographic pivoting scheme. Our experimental results indicate that our approach is well-suited for inducing small and accurate decision trees and capable of outperforming existing univariate and oblique decision tree induction algorithms. Furthermore, oblique decision trees obtained with this method are competitive with other popular prediction models.
The economic impact of the first wave of the pandemic on 50+ Europeans
Authors: Bonfatti Andrea , Pesaresi Greta , Weber Guglielmo , Zambon Nancy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe analyse the effects of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis on the economic situation of 50+ Europeans. We construct a financial distress indicator that captures experiencing an income loss, difficulties to make ends meet and the need to postpone payments. We find that education and income before the pandemic has a protective role, and so does being past retirement age. For households under retirement age, instead, the pandemic has exacerbated inequalities. We also investigate whether households report worse difficulties in making ends meet compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. We show that their ability to make ends meet worsens more with income losses during the pandemic compared to losses experienced in the two-year period before the pandemic.
Suizide im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Falge S. , Radeloff D. , Dreßler J. 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Suizide stellen in Westeuropa nach Verkehrsunfällen den zweit- oder drittgrößten Anteil an Todesfällen von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden dar und sind eine extreme Belastung für die Hinterbliebenen.

Methodik
In der anonymisierten Datenanalyse wurden nichtnatürliche Todesfälle von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden im Einzugsgebiet des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin Leipzig, Sachsen, im Zeitraum 1998–2017 analysiert. Suizide wurden auf die Häufigkeit bezüglich des Geschlechts und der Methode hin untersucht und ihr Zusammenhang mit Alkohol- oder Drogenkonsum und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
Es zeigten sich signifikant mehr männliche als weibliche Suizidenten (p < 0,05). Keiner von ihnen war jünger als 12 Jahre. Als häufigste Suizidmethode erwies sich der Bahnsuizid (27 %), gefolgt von Sturz aus großer Höhe (22 %), Intoxikation (21 %) und Erhängen (12 %). Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Suiziden und positiven toxikologischen Befunden (X2 = 27,16; p < 0,001), und es konnten Hinweise auf psychiatrische Erkrankungen bei Suizidenten herausgearbeitet werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
Substanzmissbrauch und psychiatrische Erkrankungen sind mit Suiziden bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden assoziiert. Eine besondere Bedeutung wird in diesem Kontext psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beigemessen, da diese das Suizidrisiko stark erhöhen können. Eine große Rolle in der Suizidprävention spielt das soziale Umfeld. Dieses kann durch rechtzeitiges Erkennen möglicher Vorzeichen – beispielsweise Veränderung des Verhaltens, Verletzungen oder Substanzkonsum – entscheidend aktiv werden.
New food, new technology: innovative spreadable cream with strawberry syrup
Authors: de Lima Gabriela Basto , Ganhão Sofia , Ruivo Paula , Oliveira M. Adelaide , Macedo Antónia , Brandão Carlos , Guerra Manuela , Morgado Cátia , Alves Marco , Henriques Marília 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA strawberry spreadable cream was developed, valorizing regional raw materials, contributing to food waste reduction and agri-food ecosystem sustainability. Spreadable creams are water-in-oil emulsions whose lipid phase normally contains a blend of vegetable oils, natural colourants, stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavourings, antioxidants, lecithin, and fat-soluble vitamins. The aqueous phase normally contains skim milk proteins and small quantities of other ingredients, such as salt, preservatives, thickeners, and water-soluble vitamins. The methodology involved the experimental technological development articulated with microbiological, proximal, physicochemical, and sensorial analysis. This new product revealed nutritional advantages over similar products already on the market. The final prototype was subjected to food pairing and food design with incremental acceptance according to gastronomic use, in addition to its direct use as a spreadable cream. This work was part of the project Agrio et Emulsio—new products development (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-023583), whose main objective was the formulation and design of innovative food emulsions based on processed raw materials, with potential application in certain markets such as gourmet, diet, and vegan.
Substituting meat for mycoprotein reduces genotoxicity and increases the abundance of beneficial microbes in the gut: Mycomeat, a randomised crossover control trial
Authors: Farsi Dominic N. , Gallegos Jose Lara , Koutsidis Georgios , Nelson Andrew , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Cheung William , Muñoz-Muñoz Jose L. , Commane Daniel M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The high-meat, low-fibre Western diet is strongly associated with colorectal cancer risk. Mycoprotein, produced from Fusarium venanatum, has been sold as a high-fibre alternative to meat for decades. Hitherto, the effects of mycoprotein in the human bowel have not been well considered. Here, we explored the effects of replacing a high red and processed meat intake with mycoprotein on markers of intestinal genotoxicity and gut health.

Methods
Mycomeat (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03944421) was an investigator-blind, randomised, crossover dietary intervention trial. Twenty healthy male adults were randomised to consume 240 g day−1 red and processed meat for 2 weeks, with crossover to 2 weeks 240 g day−1 mycoprotein, separated by a 4-week washout period. Primary end points were faecal genotoxicity and genotoxins, while secondary end points comprised changes in gut microbiome composition and activity.

Results
The meat diet increased faecal genotoxicity and nitroso compound excretion, whereas the weight-matched consumption of mycoprotein decreased faecal genotoxicity and nitroso compounds. In addition, meat intake increased the abundance of Oscillobacter and Alistipes, whereas mycoprotein consumption increased Lactobacilli, Roseburia and Akkermansia, as well as the excretion of short chain fatty acids.

Conclusion
Replacing red and processed meat with the Fusarium-based meat alternative, mycoprotein, significantly reduces faecal genotoxicity and genotoxin excretion and increases the abundance of microbial genera with putative health benefits in the gut. This work demonstrates that mycoprotein may be a beneficial alternative to meat within the context of gut health and colorectal cancer prevention.
Is pain control for chronic neuropathic pain after inguinal hernia repair using endoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy effective? A meta-analysis of 142 patients from 1995 to 2022
Authors: Taha-Mehlitz Stephanie , Taha Anas , Janzen Alex , Saad Baraa , Hendie Dana , Ochs Vincent , Krähenbühl Lukas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Neuropathic pain is a complication after groin hernia surgery. Triple neurectomy of the iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve and genitofemoral nerve is an efficient treatment modality, with several surgical approaches. The minimally invasive endoscopic method to neurectomy was specifically investigated in this meta-analysis. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of this method in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain posthernia repair surgery.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted using four databases to search for the keywords (“endoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy” and “laparoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy”). The NCBI National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Complete and BioMed Central were last searched on 26 May 2022. Randomised control trials and retrospective or prospective papers involving endoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy operations after inguinal hernia repair were included. All other surgeries, procedures and study designs were excluded. The internal quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The percentage of patients who had reduction in pain (“positive treatment outcome”) was used to assess the procedure’s effectiveness in each analysis.

Results
Five comparable endoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy studies with a total of 142 patients were analysed. Both the Wald test (Q (6) = 1.79, = .775) and the probability ratio test (Q (6) = 4.24, = .374) provide similar findings (0.000, 0.0% [0.0%; 78%]). The meta-analysis’ key finding is that the intervention was up to 78% effective (95% confidence interval, 71%; 84%).

Conclusion
Endoscopic retroperitoneal neurectomy can be an effective treatment option for postoperative neuropathic pain relief following surgical hernia repair. Although there is limited reported experience with this technique, it may provide a clinical benefit to the patient. We recommend further prospective data and long-term follow-up studies be conducted to confirm and expand on these outcomes.