bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Laser Cladding Process Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel Cladding Layer
Authors: Du Kaiping , Pi Ziqiang , Wang Xu , Chen Xing , Ma Yao , Zheng Zhaorao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Laser cladding is a technology that uses high-energy-density lasers to quickly melt and solidify alloy powder on the surface of the metal substrate to form a cladding layer with good performance. Especially, martensitic stainless steel is widely used as a cladding material due to its high hardness and wear resistance. In this work, the martensitic stainless steel layers were fabricated on the C45 steel substrate by the laser cladding with different process parameters. The results show that holes in the cladding layer is unavoidable. The laser cladding process parameters have the important influence on the residual stress in the cladding layer. Under the action of residual stresses, the holes in the cladding layer will be the source of cracks, which will cause cracks in the cladding layer.
Adhesion of HVOF Sprayed Coatings on Laser Textured Steel and Ceramics Substrates
Authors: Vostřák Marek , Dlouhá Žaneta , Duliškovič Josef , Jarolímová Lucie , Houdková Šárka , Na’ová Jana , Peters Ole , Schille Joerg , Loeschner Udo , Martan Jiří 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In thermal spraying, one of the fundamental elements to achieving good bonding strength of the applied coating is surface preparation. Traditionally grit blasting using hard particles such as corundum is used to achieve suitable roughness on the substrate. Lately, there is an effort to find a suitable alternative from ecological and economical aspects. A promising possibility is laser texturing which enables the preparation of defined structures on the surface. Within a research project, procedures are developed to texture various substrates to direct application of HVOF coatings. The main goal is to achieve speeds of texturing comparable to grit blasting – more than 500 mm2/s while ensuring good bonding strength of the applied coating. This study focuses on HVOF spraying of Stellite 6 and WC-CoCr Coating. Selected substrates are steel, and then materials that cannot be traditionally grit blasted – nitrided steel and alumina ceramics. The study presents the analysis of laser textures on substrates, analysis of coating substrate-coating interface, and adhesion tests by tensile test. The most suitable textures – regarding the processing speed and achieved adhesion are selected.
Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of MCrAlY Bond Coats after Laser Microtexturing
Authors: Kiełczawa Tomasz , Sokołowski Paweł , Myalska-Głowacka Hanna , Moskal Grzegorz , Myalska-Głowacka Hanna , Ion Alberto , Denoirjean Alain , Ion Alberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The performance and applicability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) depend strongly on the top coat and bond coat interface integrity. The interlayer in TBC systems is often processed prior to top coat spraying to tailor its material properties or surface topography. Both, the bond coat spraying process and the further post-processing may significantly influence the thermally grown oxide (TGO) build-up which is crucial in terms of enhancing the TBC lifetime. In this work, NiCrAlY bond coats were sprayed by means of atmospheric plasma spraying. The as-sprayed bond coats were subjected to laser microtexturing which resulted in different bond coat topographies. Then, the samples were exposed to isothermal oxidation conditions under various oxidation dwell times to see the TGO evolution. The preliminary assessment of the oxidation mechanisms and oxide distribution was done by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) was used in order to analyze the evolution of bond coat structure and chemical composition during the high temperature oxidation.
Effect of Microstructure on CMAS Interaction of Axial Suspension and Solution Precursor Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings—YSZ & GZ
Authors: Lokachari S. , Leng K. , Rincon Romero A. , Hussain T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the study, Axial Suspension Plasma Spray (SPS) was used to produce a range of columnar microstructures from Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) suspension after an extensive experimental design. The optimized microstructure was applied to a multi-layer GZ/YSZ system, in which both layers were sprayed with SPS. In addition to SPS, a new GZ coating using Axial Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) was developed and deposited on top of the SPS GZ coating. The durability in the furnace cycling test (FCT), as well as the consequences of CMAS infiltration into the columnar coatings was extensively studied on different microstructures. Preliminary CMAS test on the SPS coatings infiltrated them completely, leading to delamination. To minimize the detrimental effect of CMAS on the underlying SPS, the dense solution precursor GZ layer was aimed to act as a sealant to protect the underlying columnar SPS-GZ layer from molten CMAS infiltration.
Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed NiCr Alloy Containing Boron in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Solution
Authors: Dong Xin-Yuan , Zhu Yong-Sheng , Luo Xiao-Tao , Li Chang-Jiu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since the plasma sprayed coatings always present a limited interlamellar bonding, it is difficult for a plasma sprayed coating to be applied in corrosion environment without any post-spray treatment. In this study, a NiCr powder alloyed with boron was employed to fabricate fully dense corrosionresistant coating by plasma spraying through in-situ deoxidation effect of boron. As reported previously, plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating presents fully dense microstructure with few isolated pores. Due to the oxide-free state of the inflight particles by the deoxidation effect of boron, the splats were effectively bonded upon impact so that the inter-splat boundaries were indiscernible. A long-term immersion corrosion test in NaCl solution was conducted for 80 days to confirm that the plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating presents the superior resistance against the corrosion, which was comparable to the flame spray-fused NiCrBSi coating. Furthermore, the cross-sectional microstructure of the Ni20Cr4B coated Al alloy samples after 80 days immersion revealed that the plasma sprayed Ni20Cr4B coating was dense enough to completely block the penetration of corrosive substance in such an aqueous corrosion environment.
Ultrasonic Atomization as a Novel Route for the Metal Powder Development
Authors: Sajbura Adam , Sokolowski Pawel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The widespread use of additive manufacturing and modern powder-based technologies (thermal spraying, hardfacing, sintering) encourages the search for alternative routes enhancing the development of metal and metal alloy powders. The state-of-the-art powder production processes, like gas, water or plasma atomization, are dedicated to mass production, which limits the availability of new powder compositions with desired characteristics. In this study, stainless steel powders were investigated. The powders were atomized by an in-house developed ultrasonic (UT) atomization set-up, called ULTRAMIZER. In this system, the atomization of melt is possible by using a high-power ultrasonic field. The atomized powders were characterized in terms of morphology and particle size distribution (PSD). The powder features were then correlated with operating parameters of: (i) UT atomization system, mainly frequency and root mean square power (RMS), and (ii) the orientation of the atomization plate against the melting system, by means of distance and tilting angle. The study shows that the ultrasonic atomization allows producing nearly spherical, defect-free powder particles, with a very narrow and controllable size distribution. These are important advantages over other metal powder production methods, especially when it comes to the development of new types of powder.
Atuação de uma Organização da Sociedade Civil em um bairro marginalizado
Authors: Cirino Andréia Lopes , Sousa Júnior Carlos Augusto Alves de , Santos Luana Ferreira dos 
Published: May 2023

O artigo buscou compreender o espaço de um território marginalizado e analisar como a atuação de uma Organização da Sociedade Civil (OSC) pode influenciar a relação entre a comunidade e o território do bairro Nova Viçosa, localizado em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Trata-se de uma investigação baseada em entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado. Os resultados indicam que a OSC presente no território desempenha um papel fundamental em assegurar direitos fundamentais, sendo que sua criação ocorreu quase que concomitante com a criação do bairro Nova Viçosa, propiciando uma melhoria substantiva de vida para as pessoas que chegavam à referida localidade, que até hoje carece de atenção por parte do poder público. O estudo contribui com a literatura ao elucidar empiricamente a discussão acerca da territorização em locais marginalizados, bem como trabalha na exclusão das minorias, sendo a atuação de uma OSC um elemento importante para mitigar problemas públicos sofridos por esta população.
Mutu Hedonik dan Cemaran Mikrobiologi Olahan Sambal Ikan Tongkol Asap (Euthynnus afinnis) dengan Kemasan Retort Pouch
Authors: Sasongko Lukas Wibowo , Masi Aloysius 
Published: May 2023

Ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai produk sambal ikan asap. Upaya diversifikasi olahan ikan tongkol dilakukan dengan aplikasi asap cair kemudian diolah menjadi sambal ikan tongkol dalam kemasan retort pouch. Penggunaan kemasan retort pouch akan meningkatkan daya awet dari produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan teknologi pengalengan sambal ikan tongkol asap dengan kemasan retort pouch, menganalisis mutu hedonik dan mengalisis cemaran mikrobiologi yang ada pada produk tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode perendaman ikan tongkol dalam larutan asap cair 5% selama 5 menit. Ikan tongkol selanjutnya diolah menjadi sambal ikan dengan dua varian yaitu sambal balado dan sambal rica-rica. Produk disterilisasi dalam kemasan retort pouch pada suhu 121oC selama 20 menit, kemudian disimpan hingga 2 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua kali ulangan. Parameter mutu produk diukur dengan uji hedonik, cemaran ALT, E.Coli dan Salmonella. Data mutu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian akan menghasilkan produk tepat guna sambal ikan tongkol asap siap saji (ready to eat) yang memiliki mutu dan daya awet lebih baik dibandingkan dengan produk yang dikemas konvensional. Tingkat kesiapterapan teknologi (TKT) dari penelitian terapan ini adalah pada TKT 6 yaitu demonstrasi model/prototype pada lingkungan yang relevan
Impact of the Climate Change on the Production of the Fishing and Aquaculture Sectors of Latin America
Authors: Muniz Rebeca Jaime , Del Rio Juan Antonio Jimber 
Published: May 2023

In the last decade, Latin American countries have been afflicted by climatic changes that may affect the productivity of their populations and affect their economies. The objective of this study is to identify the impact of climate change on the production of the fisheries and aquaculture sector of Latin America. Through a random-effects model, the factors and components of climate change that may have an impact on fisheries and aquaculture production were analyzed. It was observed that as the average temperature increased by 1%, the fisheries and aquaculture production decreased by -0.08%. However, the variable is not statistically significant. Similarly, during rainfall, a decrease in the aquaculture and fisheries production of -0.22% could be observed, but this is not significant in relation to 5%. Finally, concerning CO2 emissions, these had an incidence in the increase of the fisheries and aquaculture production of 0.53%, being statistically significant. This work contributes to the literature on the effects of climate change on Latin American fisheries production, to serve future policies that help to mitigate these environmental effects
Impact of Quantum Movement Theory on Energy Policy
Authors: Wade Cooper , Tomomewo Olusegun S. 
Published: May 2023

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has been tasked with ensuring that the United States of America maintains a reliable electric grid that provides its citizens with affordable power and energy security. This responsibility of regulating electric energy delivery comes with the ability to charge and collect Interstate Commerce Tax. In this ability, is the separation of state and federal regulatory of electricity transactions, which is a contested topic in the U.S. Supreme Court. The reason for this is that FERC is trying to enforce Interstate Commerce Tax control over any equipment that poses the potential to generate electricity. They’re utilizing the 1880’s understanding of direct current (DC) electricity which moves through the “flow of electrons”, and therefore this gives them direct authority over all generators interconnected to the grid. Using the Quantum Movement Theory of Alternating Current established in 2023, this notion of a flow of electrons does not occur on the grid, and therefore restricts the jurisdiction and the taxing ability of FERC (Wade et al., 2023). This change would increase the implementation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and save transmission operators, electric utilities, and ultimately consumers up to $500 million per year over the next several decades.
Effect of Chitosan and Biovermi Application on the Growth of Cherry Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, var. Cerasiforme).
Authors: Tengku Sabrina , Lubis Kemala Sari , Sari Sri Devika , Hidayat Benny 
Published: May 2023

Biovermi adalah pupuk hayati dengan menggunakan vermikompos sebagai bahan pembawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis kitosan dan biovermi terbaik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat ceri (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, var. Cerasiforme). Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu rancangan acak kelompok faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama kitosan yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu : control (0 ppm); kitosan cangkang kepiting (250 ppm) dan kitosan jamur Syncephalastrum (250 ppm). Faktor kedua dosis biovermi dengan 4 taraf yaitu : 0; 50; 100 dan 150 g tanaman-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kitosan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata secara statistik terhadap perubahan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, serapan N dan populasi mikroba. Pemberian biovermi dengan dosis 150 g tanaman-1 berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, serapan N dan populasi mikroba. Interaksi pemberian kombinasi kitosan dan biovermi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, serapan N dan populasi mikroba.
Mapping Thickness and Maturity Level Of Peat in The Simpang Wie Village, East-Langsa Sub-district, Langsa City
Authors: Berutu Prekdisampangate , Iswahyudi  , Siregar Dolly S. 
Published: May 2023

Food needs become increasingly urgent along with the growth of populations. Indonesian particularly needs more land to be used or utilized to increase food productivity and to create field-work.This view is considered because of the decreasing mineral lands in Indonesian. By conducting a study on the mapping of the thickness and maturity level of peat, it can provide the usage of peatland regarding cultivated land. The result of mapping can appropriately be used to design land utilization and model of production system. This study was carried out at Simpang Wie Village, East-Langsa Sub-district, Langsa City, as known which is known as one of the Peatland areas in Langsa City. The study was conducted in December 2019. Survey method design was employed in this research while the research location was determined purposively, which means that it is directly chosen or purposively chosen because the location is a peatland. Data types applied by field observation in this study were primary and secondary data. In this study, This research requires four main following phases; (1)Preparation (2)Preliminary-Survey (3) Field-Implementation, and (4) Data Analysis/ Discussion. The research result shows that the peatland area width of 4.94 9 (Ha) was classified into two types peat thickness: Shallow/Thin Peat with thickness > 40-100 cm (1.95 Ha), and Moderate Peat with thickness of 101-195 cm (2.99 Ha). Based on the observation, the maturity Level of Peat also classified into two maturity levels, those are Hemic Maturity Level and Sapric Maturity Level. Therefore, the use of peatland area according to thickness and maturity level concluded that the thickness of 40-100 cm can appropriately be used to cultivate paddy-fields, palawijas and plantation crops (horticulture). Besides, the thickness of 101-195 cm can appropriately be used to cultivate plantation crops (horticulture), vegetable crops (olericulture), and fruit crops (fruticulture). At least, this land is suitable to be used for agricultural cultivation because it has hemic and sapric maturity level.
Key words: peat, thickness, maturity level , hemic, sapric, cultivated land
Study of Corn Plant Availability as a Source of Forage for Feed and Beef Cattle Waste Potential
Authors: Paramuji Muji , Suprihatin  , Sunarti Titi Candra , Sukard  
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
One of the factors that determine the growth of beef cattle is the supply of feed. The main feed source for beef cattle is forage which is currently increasingly limited in availability. The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the utilization of corn waste into forage sources of feed and the potential amount of beef cattle waste in Deli Serdang Regency. The data source used in this study is secondary data covering the planting area of corn and beef cattle population described in a qualitative description. The results of studies and evaluations indicated that the availability of forage production of corn (stover) as a source of forage for beef cattle feed in Deli Serdang Regency, in average is only sufficient of 80.57% of the existing beef cattle population, that is every 20,066.95 Ha of corn plants can provide forage for 75,234 cows. Cattle waste potential in the form of feces is 509,385,066.00 kg/year, urine is 203,479,979.00 L/year and the remaining feed is 34,255,889.00 kg/year.

Keywords: corn, forage, feed, beef cattle
The Effect of Magnesium, Boron, and NPK Fertilizer on the Growth of Pre-Nursery Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Sinaga Daniel Perwiratama , Dwi Purbajanti Endang , Adi Kristanto Budi 
Published: May 2023

Oil palm is one of Indonesia's main commodity plantation crops that can produce vegetable oil and this plant is consumptive of nutrients. This research aims to examine the effect of magnesium, boron, and NPK compound fertilizers and the interaction between magnesium, boron, and NPK compound fertilizers on the growth of oil palm seedlings. The research was conducted in February - May 2020 in a greenhouse with an altitude of 250 meters above sea level and the Laboratory of Ecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Science, Diponegoro University. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 4 × 4 factorial with 3 replications. The first factor is the provision of no fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and magnesium + boron fertilizers. The second factor is the NPK compound at a dose of 1.8, 2.8, 3.8, and 4.8 g/seedling. The results showed that magnesium + boron had a significant effect on the stem diameter and root length and the NPK compound at a dose of 3.8 g/seedling could increase the stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of the root. The interaction between magnesium + boron fertilizer and NPK compound fertilizer had no significant effect on the height of the seedlings, the number of leaves, stem diameter, length of the root, and fresh and dry weight of the root.
Keywords: Oil palm seedling, growth, nutrients, fertilizer dose
Testing of Packaging and Use of Attractants to Control Fruit Flies(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel) Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti , Zulina Cynthia , Bakti Darma 
Published: May 2023

The aims of this study to determine: The effect of kinds attractants and time of wrapping on to control of percentage of fruit fly attacks which determined the guava quality. This research was conducted in Durin Jangak Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency from May to July 2019. This research was conducted using a randomized block design method with three factors: time, wrapping, attractant. The result of this research showed that the treatment by using the white plastic wrapping and attractant traps obtained the highest fruit diameter is 10.23 cm and the lowest treatment with no packaging and without attractant traps is 7.40 cm. In the treatment by using the white plastic wrapping and attractant traps obtained the highest fruit weight is 586 grams and the lowest treatment using without wrapping and attractant traps is 165 grams. At the observation of the highest trapped fruit flies in the treatment without wrapping and attractant traps that were 961 fruit flies and the lowest trapped fruit flies were white plastic wrapping treatments and attractant traps that were 790 fruit flies. In the treatment without wrapping and attractant traps,wrapping gauze and attractant traps obtained the highest percentage of fruit attack, namely 100% and treatment of white plastic wrapping and attractant traps obtained the lowest fruit attack, consist of 33%.