bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-V-T
equation of state of boron carbide
Authors: Somayazulu Maddury , Ahart Muhtar , Meng Yue , Ciezak Jennifer , Velisavlevic Nenad , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: August 2023

We report the
P-V-T
equation of state measurements of B
4
C to 50 GPa and approximately 2500 K in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. We obtain an ambient temperature, third-order Birch–Murnaghan fit to the
P-V
data that yields a bulk modulus
K
0
of 221(2) GPa and derivative, (d
K
/d
P
)
0
of 3.3(1). These were used in fits with both a Mie–Grüneisen–Debye model and a temperature-dependent, Birch–Murnaghan equation of state that includes thermal pressure estimated by thermal expansion (
α
) and a temperature-dependent bulk modulus (d
K
0
/d
T
). The ambient pressure thermal expansion coefficient (
α
0
+ α
1
T
), Grüneisen
γ
(
V
) =
γ
0
(
V
/
V
0
)

q

and volume-dependent Debye temperature, were used as input parameters for these fits and found to be sufficient to describe the data in the whole
P-T
range of this study.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)’.
A structural study of PrCrO
3
under extreme conditions: a comparison with the effects of doping
Authors: Bull C. L. , Funnell N. P. , Ridley C. J. 
Published: August 2023

The nuclear and magnetic structure of

PrCrO

3

has been investigated using neutron and X-ray powder diffraction as a function of pressure and temperature. The orthorhombic symmetry (space group

P
b
n
m

) remains stable up to the highest temperature (1500 K) and pressure (approx.

6

GPa

) considered. There is a crossover in the magnitude of the
a-
and
b
-lattice parameters at approximately 1135 K, caused by competing effects of octahedral tilting and distortion. The material is antiferromagnetic (

T
N

≈
240

K) with

P

b
′

n
′

m

symmetry, with a maximum moment of

2.34
(
2
)

μ
b

on the

Cr

3
+

sites aligned along the direction of the

a

-axis. The application of pressure shows an abnormal softening in the unit-cell volume, which is suggestive of a continuous approach to a second-order phase transition. Raman spectroscopy measurements at ambient temperature were collected as a function of pressure up to approximately

12

GPa, with discontinuous mode behaviour further suggesting the existence of a transition above 7 GPa. The measured structural changes in

PrCrO

3

are compared extensively in the wider context of other lanthanide orthochromites, and the comparative effects of
A
- and
B
-site substitution on the polyhedral tilts and distortion are discussed.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)’.
Thermodynamic anomalies, polyamorphism and all that
Authors: Fijan Domagoj , Wilson Mark 
Published: August 2023

The appearance and evolution of thermodynamics anomalies, and related properties, are studied for two classes of system, modelling those dominated by covalent and ionic interactions, respectively. Such anomalies are most familiar in the density but are also present in other thermodynamics variables such as the compressibility and heat capacity. By systematically varying key model parameters the emergence and evolution of these anomalies can be tracked across the phase space. The interaction of the anomalies can often be rationalized by thermodynamics ‘rules’. The emergence of these anomalies may also be correlated with the appearance of polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous states which differ in density and entropy.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)’.
Stable and metastable structures of tin (IV) oxide at high pressure
Authors: Sneed Daniel T. , Smith G. Alexander , Kearney John S. C. , Childs Christian , Park Changyong , Lawler Keith V. , Salamat Ashkan , Smith Dean 
Published: August 2023

We have analysed

SnO

2

with a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy across a pressure range of

0
→
82.9

GPa with thermal annealing by a

CO

2

laser allowing access to all of the known high-density polymorphs of

SnO

2

, and here report their crystallographic information. The metastability of the post-rutile

α

-

PbO

2

and

PdF

2

structures in

SnO

2

are investigated by experiment and PW-DFT simulations, revealing a complex energetic landscape and suggesting a significant dependence of the observed phases on the pressure–temperature pathway taken in experiment.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)’.
Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)
Authors: Wilding Martin C. , Sella Andrea , Howard Christopher A. , Jorge Sobrido Ana , Catlow C. Richard A. 
Published: August 2023

This themed issue explores the different length scales and timescales that determine the physics and chemistry of a variety of key materials, explored from the perspective of a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, materials science, Earth science and biochemistry. The topics discussed include catalysis, chemistry under extreme conditions, energy materials, amorphous and liquid structure, hybrid organic materials and biological materials. The issue is in two parts, with the present part exploring glassy and amorphous systems and materials at high pressure.This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.
Glass transition temperatures and crystallization kinetics of a synthetic, anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate
Authors: Hess Kai-Uwe , Schawe Jürgen E. K. , Wilding Martin , Purgstaller Bettina , Goetschl Katja E. , Sturm Sebastian , Müller-Caspary Knut , Sturm Elena V. , Schmahl Wolfgang , Griesshaber Erika , Bissbort Thilo , Weidendorfer Daniel , Dietzel Martin , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: August 2023

We report the first calorimetric observations of glass transition temperatures and crystallization rates of anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate using fast scanning differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrous amorphous Ca
0.95
Mg
0.05
CO
3
· 0.5H
2
O (ACMC) solid was precipitated from a MgCl
2
–NaHCO
3
buffered solution, separated from the supernatant, and freeze-dried. An aliquot of the freeze-dried samples was additionally dried at 250°C for up to 6 h in a furnace and in a high-purity N
2
atmosphere to produce anhydrous ACMC. The glass transition temperature of the anhydrous Ca
0.95
Mg
0.05
CO
3
was determined by applying different heating rates (1000–6000 K s
−1
) and correcting for thermal lag to be 376°C and the relaxational heat capacity was determined to be
C
p = 0.16 J/(g K). Additionally, the heating rate dependence of the temperature that is associated with the corrected crystallization peaks is used to determine the activation energy of crystallization to be 275 kJ mol
−1
. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study on the hydrous and anhydrous samples provided further constraints on their compositional and structural states.

This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1)'.
Comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotic-loaded polymeric tissue scaffold and bone cement in the regeneration of infected bone tissue
Authors: Konya Petek Şarlak , Konya Mehmet Nuri , Yılmaz Bilge Kağan , Kaga Elif , Kaga Sadık , Çetinkol Yeliz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLocal antibiotic applications have been used in osteomyelitis as an adjunctive treatment method. Biodegradable materials are also used for the same purpose by adding antibiotics. The fact that it does not require additional surgery to be removed is an important advantage. The current study is therefore intended to develop a biodegradable drug-loaded polymeric scaffold with a good antibiotic release that can be an alternative to antibiotic-impregnated bone cement.MethodsA tissue scaffold containing poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was prepared in our laboratory and loaded with Ertapenem and Daptomycin(E&D) antibiotics.To evaluate drug release kinetics, the absorbance values of the scaffold loaded with E&D were measured with the spectrometer.For microbiological tests, (E&D) impregnated cement and scaffold, as well as the control scaffold and cement samples were investigated for their antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains using the disc diffusion method.ResultsThe Daptomycin zone diameter in S. aureus ATCC strain was 17 mm, 24 mm for scaffold, and 22 mm for cement. Scaffold was found to be more effective than cement against S. aureus strain. On K. pneumoniae ATCC strain, it was found that this strain was resistant to Ertapenem, but the zone diameter was 21 mm for scaffold and 20 mm for cement. Ertapenem-loaded scaffold was found to be more effective than cement.When we evaluated the release profiles, for the Daptomycin-loaded cement group, 98%of Daptomycin was cumulatively released within 30 min, and for the Daptomycin-loaded scaffold group, 100%of Daptomycin was cumulatively released in 6 days. To compare Ertapenem- loaded cement and scaffold, 98% of Ertapenem was cumulatively released within 10 min in the cement group. For the scaffold group, 100% of Ertapenem was cumulatively released in 17 days. It was found that e scaffold released the antibiotic more slowly and for a longer duration.
Disentangling the spinal mechanisms of illusory heat and burning sensations in the Thermal Grill Illusion
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra G. , Ehmsen Jesper Fischer , Christensen Daniel Elmstrøm , Stuckert Anna Villaume , Haggard Patrick , Fardo Francesca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Thermal Grill Illusion (TGI), a phenomenon in which the juxtaposition of innocuous warm and cold temperatures on the skin elicits a burning sensation, offers a unique perspective to how pain occurs in response to harmless stimuli. We investigated the role of the spinal cord in the generation of the TGI across two experiments (total n = 80). We applied heat and cold stimuli to dermatomes, areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve, that mapped onto adjacent or nonadjacent spinal segments. Enhanced warm and burning ratings during the TGI were observed when cold and warm stimuli were confined within the same dermatome. Further, we found the spatial organisation of warm and cold stimuli within and across dermatomes affected TGI perception. Perceived warmth and burning intensity increased when the cold stimulus projected to the segment more caudal to the warm stimulus, whilst perceived cold during the TGI decreased, compared to the opposite spatial arrangement. This suggests the perception of TGI is enhanced when cold afferents are projected to spinal segments positioned caudally in relation to those receiving warm afferents. Our results indicate distinct interaction of sensory pathways based on the segmental arrangement of afferent fibres and are consistent with current interpretations of the spread and integration of thermosensory information along the spinal cord.
Human plasma cells engineered to secrete bispecifics drive effectivein vivoleukemia killing
Authors: Hill Tyler F. , Narvekar Parnal , Asher Gregory , Camp Nathan , Thomas Kerri R. , Tasian Sarah K. , Rawlings David J. , James Richard G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBispecific antibodies are an important tool for the management and treatment of acute leukemias. Advances in genome-engineering have enabled the generation of human plasma cells that secrete therapeutic proteins and are capable of long-termin vivoengraftment in humanized mouse models. As a next step towards clinical translation of engineered plasma cells (ePCs) towards cancer therapy, here we describe approaches for the expression and secretion of bispecific antibodies by human plasma cells. We show that human ePCs expressing either fragment crystallizable domain deficient anti-CD19 x anti-CD3 (blinatumomab) or anti-CD33 x anti-CD3 bispecific antibodies mediate T cell activation and direct T cell killing of specific primary human cell subsets and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia cell linesin vitro. We demonstrate that knockout of the self-expressed antigen, CD19, boosts anti-CD19 bispecific secretion by ePCs and prevents self-targeting. Further, anti-CD19 bispecific-ePCs elicited tumor eradicationin vivofollowing local delivery in flank-implanted Raji lymphoma cells. Finally, immunodeficient mice engrafted with anti-CD19 bispecific-ePCs and autologous T cells potently preventedin vivogrowth of CD19+acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, these findings support further development of ePCs for use as a durable, local delivery system for the treatment of acute leukemias, and potentially other cancers.Key pointsUsing gene editing, we engineered human plasma cells that secrete functional bispecifics to target leukemia cells expressing CD19 or CD33Engineered plasma cells secreting bispecifics suppress patient-derived leukemia in immunodeficient mice
Changes of cell-type diversity in the polyp-to-medusa metagenesis of the scyphozoan jellyfishAurelia coerulea(formerly sp.1)
Authors: Link Oliver , Jahnel Stefan M. , Janicek Kristin , Kraus Johanna , Montenegro Juan Daniel , Zimmerman Bob , Wick Brittney , Cole Alison G. , Technau Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe life cycle of most medusozoan cnidarians is marked by the metagenesis from the asexually reproducing sessile polyp and the sexually reproducing motile medusa. At present it is unknown to what extent this drastic morphological transformation is accompanied by changes in the cell type composition. Here, we provide a single cell transcriptome atlas of the cosmopolitan scyphozoanAurelia coeruleafocussing on changes in cell-type composition during the transition from polyp to medusa. Notably, this transition marked by an increase in cell type diversity, including an expansion of neural subtypes. We find that two families of neuronal lineages are specified by homologous transcription factors in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensisandAurelia coerulea, suggesting an origin in the common ancestor of medusozoans and anthozoans about 500 Myr ago. Our analysis suggests that gene duplications might be drivers for the increase of cellular complexity during the evolution of cnidarian neuroglandular lineages. One key medusozoan-specific cell type is the striated muscle in the subumbrella. Analysis of muscle fiber anatomy and gene expression raises the possibility that the striated muscles arise from a population of smooth muscle cells during strobilation. Although smooth and striated muscles are phenotypically distinct, both have a similar contractile complex, in contrast to bilaterian smooth and striated muscles. This suggests that inAurelia, smooth and striated muscle cells may derive from the same progenitor cells.TeaserSingle cell transcriptome atlas across the jellyfish life cycle reveals emergence of novel medusa-specific cell types is associated with expression of medusa-specific paralogs.
Enhancing visual perceptual learning using transcranial electrical stimulation: transcranial alternating current stimulation outperforms both transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation
Authors: He Qing , Zhu Xinyi , Fang Fang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiverse strategies can be employed to enhance visual skills, including visual perceptual learning (VPL) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Combining VPL and tES is a popular method that holds promise for significant improvements in visual acuity within a short time frame. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding the effects of combining different types of tES and VPL on enhancing visual function, especially with a larger sample size. In the present study, we recruited four groups of subjects (26 subjects each) to learn an orientation discrimination task with five daily training sessions. During training, subjects’ occipital region was stimulated by one type of tES (anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, high-frequency random noise stimulation (tRNS), and sham tACS) while performing the training task. We found that compared with the sham stimulation, both the high-frequency tRNS and the 10 Hz tACS facilitated VPL efficiently in terms of learning rate and performance improvement, while there was little modulatory effect in the anodal tDCS condition. Remarkably, the 10 Hz tACS condition exhibited superior modulatory effects to the tRNS condition, demonstrating the strongest modulation among the most commonly used tES types for further enhancing vision when combined with VPL. Our results suggest that alpha oscillations play a vital role in VPL. Our study provides a practical guide for vision rehabilitation.
Spatial landmark detection and tissue registration with deep learning
Authors: Ekvall Markus , Bergenstråhle Ludvig , Andersson Alma , Czarnewski Paulo , Olegård Johannes , Käll Lukas , Lundeberg Joakim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpatial landmarks are crucial in describing histological features between samples or sites, tracking regions of interest in microscopy, and registering tissue samples within a common coordinate framework. Although other studies have explored unsupervised landmark detection, existing methods are not well-suited for histological image data as they often require a large number of images to converge, are unable to handle non-linear deformations between tissue sections, and are ineffective for z-stack alignment, other modalities beyond image data, or multimodal data. We address these challenges by introducing a new landmark detection and registration method, utilizing neural-network-guided thin-plate splines. Our proposed method is evaluated on a diverse range of datasets, demonstrating superior performance in both accuracy and stability compared to existing approaches.
Molecular fingerprints in the hippocampus of alcohol seeking during withdrawal
Authors: Pagano Roberto , Salamian Ahmad , Skonieczna Edyta , Wojtas Bartosz , Gielniewski Bartek , Harda Zofia , Cały Anna , Havekes Robbert , Abel Ted , Radwanska Kasia 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive alcohol seeking and use. Here, we investigated the molecular correlates of impaired extinction of alcohol seeking using a multidimentional mouse model of AUD. We distinguished AUD-prone and AUD-resistant mice, based on the presence of ≥ 2 or < 2 criteria of AUD and utilized RNA sequencing to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice meeting ≥ 2 or < 2 criteria, as these brain regions are implicated in alcohol motivation, seeking, consumption and the cognitive inflexibility characteristic of AUD. Our findings revealed dysregulation of the genes associated with the actin cytoskeleton, including actin binding molecule cofilin, and impaired synaptic transmission in the hippocampi of mice meeting ≥ 2 criteria. Overexpression of cofilin in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus (PoDG) inhibited ML-DG synapses, increased motivation to seek alcohol and impaired extinction of alcohol seeking, resembling the phenotype observed in mice meeting ≥ 2 criteria. Overall, our study uncovers a novel mechanism linking increased hippocampal cofilin expression with the AUD phenotype.Abstract Figure
Mouse model of multiple sclerosis induced by disrupting vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Chow Chun Hin , Huang Mengjia , Rai Jayant , Harada Hidekiyo , Eide Sarah , Sun Hong-Shuo , Feng Zhong-Ping , Monnier Philippe P. , Okamoto Kenichi , Zhang Liang , Sugita Shuzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelination disorder with unknown etiology. Despite the myelin damage, the roles of myelinating oligodendrocytes in driving disease progression remain unknown. We hypothesize that disrupting vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes during adolescence will disrupt myelin integrity and causes neuroinflammation. By creating a mouse model of SNAP-23 conditional knockout in mature oligodendrocytes, we showed that impairment in vesicular trafficking in oligodendrocytes causes demyelination. Neuroinflammation with infiltration of peripheral immune T cells into the central nervous system was observed accompanied by demyelination. Mechanistically, SNAP-23 removal in oligodendrocytes caused abnormal axon-myelin structures and impaired myelin protein trafficking, both can contribute to autoimmune activation and demyelination. With our novel animal model, we propose that oligodendrocyte injury is an endogenous early event in triggering Multiple Sclerosis.One-Sentence SummaryImpaired vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes in adults caused demyelination and inflammation driving Multiple Sclerosis
G1/S Boundary Activates Interferon and Inflammatory Response Genes
Authors: Büyükkahraman Gözde , Kim Tae Hoon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) have various roles in antiviral immunity, including curbing the immune system to prevent tissue damage and stimulating adaptive immunity. Due to its protective and destructive properties, IFN expression is tightly regulated. In contrast to its tight regulatory control, IFN expression is highly heterogeneous across many cell types upon pathogenic stimulus. The basis for this heterogenous IFN expression remains incompletely understood. Using single cell RNA-sequencing upon viral infection, we found that interferon expression is upregulated specifically in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle, and cell synchronization at the G1/S boundary boosts interferon expression. Furthermore, cell cycle arrest without any additional stimulus is sufficient to upregulate interferons and hundreds of other inflammatory response genes. Interferon upregulation at the G1/S boundary is cell type specific and not observed in non-immune cell types. Finally, we use ATAC-seq to identify potential transcription factors orchestrating this response. Together, these results uncover the cell cycle as a critical regulator of IFN expression in immune cells.