bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close proximity aerial image for precision viticulture. A review
Authors: Molnár Szilárd , Tamás Levente 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurately detecting and localizing vineyard disease detections are essential to reduce production losses. A great variety of scientific work focuses on remote sensing methods, while with current learning-based techniques, a continuous paradigm shift is happening in this domain. Based on a thorough literature review, the need for a remote assistance survey for the detection of vine disease was motivated by the adoption of recent machine learning algorithms. Thus, in this work, the research outputs from the past few years are summarized in the domain of grapevine disease detection. A remote sensing-based distance taxonomy was introduced for different categories of detection methods. This taxonomy is relevant for differentiating among the existing solutions in this domain, the resulting methods being grouped according to the proposed taxonomy. The articles and public datasets cited are collected on the website of this project (https://molnarszilard.github.io/VinEye/).
Evaluating the two-pool decay model for biochar carbon permanence
Authors: Sanei Hamed , Petersen Henrik Ingermann , Chiaramonti David , Masek Ondrej 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate estimation of biochar carbon permanence is essential for assessing its effectiveness as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy. The widely adopted framework, based on the two-pool carbon exponential decay model, forms the basis of policy guidelines and national CDR accounting. However, our re-analysis of the meta-data used in this model reveals significant deficiencies in its parameterization, leading to two critical issues. First, the current parameterization assigns a disproportionally low percentage of the labile carbon fraction (C1) relative to the recalcitrant fraction (C2), effectively reducing the model to a single-pool approach. Due to the limited duration of incubation experiments, the decay constant of the labile fraction is incorrectly applied to the entire biochar mass, resulting in a considerable overestimation of the biochar decay rate. Second, our analysis reveals a lack of causal correlation between the assigned proportions of C1 and C2 and key carbonization parameters such as production temperature and hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios, suggesting that the model does not accurately represent the underlying chemistry. This misalignment contradicts the established relationship between increased biochar stability and a higher degree of carbonization. Consequently, the the parameterization of current model may not adequately reflect the carbon sequestration potential of biochar. While a multi-pool decay model is suitable for predicting the permanence of biochar, the primary issue with the current model lies in its parameterization rather than its structure. To address these limitations, we recommend that future research prioritize the development of a revised multi-pool decay model with improved parameterization, supported by empirical decomposition data from a variety of experimental methods, including incubation studies, accelerated aging experiments, and comprehensive physicochemical characterization. This refined approach will improve the accuracy of biochar permanence estimations, strengthening its role in global carbon management strategies.
On Approaching Normality Through Rectangular Distribution: Industrial Applications to Monitor Electron Gun and File Server Processes
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Joarder Anwar H. , Omar M. Hafidz , Mahmood Tahir , Abbas Nasir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Normal probability distribution is central to most statistical methods and their applications. In many real scenarios, the normality of the underlying phenomenon is not obvious. However, a deeper investigation can lead to normality through some useful links among various models. The current study aims to present one such approach to the Gaussian model by connecting it with the cumulative distribution function of the rectangular distribution. Some characteristics of the rectangular distribution, such as the quantiles, are used to achieve the said objective. Further, the derived distributional results have been used to design a mechanism to monitor the real-time dependent electron gun and file server processes. The performance of the proposed monitoring methodology is evaluated in terms of probability of signal, average run length, extra quadratic loss and cumulative extra quadratic loss. The expressions for probability to signal are derived mathematically and are supported by some tabular results. The results advocate the usefulness of the proposed methodology for effectively monitoring real-life processes.
Effects and mechanisms of digital economy development on corporate carbon emission intensity: empirical evidence from cross-country data
Authors: Yang Da , Yang Zhao , Wu Haoze 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study analyzes the effects and mechanisms of the digital economy on corporate carbon emission intensity through theoretical and empirical analysis. It explores the potential of the digital economy as a driving force for reducing corporate carbon emission intensity. It has been found that a country's digital economic development can reduce corporate carbon emission intensity by influencing the country's innovation level, energy structure, and total corporate factor productivity. Further analysis reveals that increased participation in global value chains and rising status will strengthen the carbon emission reduction effect of the digital economy; the carbon emission reduction effect of the digital economy is more evident in countries with weaker environmental regulation intensity.
Mobile phone data for anticipating displacements: practices, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Aydoğdu Bilgeçağ , Bilgili Özge , Güneş Subhi , Salah Albert Ali 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The global number of individuals experiencing forced displacement has reached its highest level in the past decade. In this context, the provision of services for those in need requires timely and evidence-based approaches. How can mobile phone data (MPD) based analyses address the knowledge gap on mobility patterns and needs assessments in forced displacement settings? To answer this question, in this paper, we examine the capacity of MPD to function as a tool for anticipatory analysis, particularly in response to natural disasters and conflicts that lead to internal or cross-border displacement. The paper begins with a detailed review of the processes involved in acquiring, processing, and analyzing MPD in forced displacement settings. Following this, we critically assess the challenges associated with employing MPD in policy-making, with a specific focus on issues of user privacy and data ethics. The paper concludes by evaluating the potential benefits of MPD analysis for targeted and effective policy interventions and discusses future research avenues, drawing on recent studies and ongoing collaborations with mobile network operators.
Scalable data assimilation with message passing
Authors: Key Oscar , Takao So , Giles Daniel , Deisenroth Marc Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Data assimilation is a core component of numerical weather prediction systems. The large quantity of data processed during assimilation requires the computation to be distributed across increasingly many compute nodes; yet, existing approaches suffer from synchronization overhead in this setting. In this article, we exploit the formulation of data assimilation as a Bayesian inference problem and apply a message-passing algorithm to solve the spatial inference problem. Since message passing is inherently based on local computations, this approach lends itself to parallel and distributed computation. In combination with a GPU-accelerated implementation, we can scale the algorithm to very large grid sizes while retaining good accuracy and compute and memory requirements.
Laser interactions with gas jets: electromagnetic pulse emission and nozzle damage
Authors: Bradford P. W. , Ospina-Bohórquez V. , Ehret M. , Henares J.-L. , Puyuelo-Valdes P. , Chodukowski T. , Pisarczyk T. , Rusiniak Z. , Salgado-López C. , Vlachos C. , Scisciò M. , Salvadori M. , Verona C. , Hicks G. S. , Ettlinger O. C. , Najmudin Z. , Marquès J.-R. , Gremillet L. , Santos J. J. , Consoli F. , Tikhonchuk V. T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the physics of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) emission and nozzle damage is critical for the long-term operation of laser experiments with gas targets, particularly at facilities looking to produce stable sources of radiation at high repetition rates. We present a theoretical model of plasma formation and electrostatic charging when high-power lasers are focused inside gases. The model can be used to estimate the amplitude of gigahertz EMPs produced by the laser and the extent of damage to the gas jet nozzle. Looking at a range of laser and target properties relevant to existing high-power laser systems, we find that EMP fields of tens to hundreds of kV/m can be generated several metres from the gas jet. Model predictions are compared with measurements of EMPs, plasma formation and nozzle damage from two experiments on the VEGA-3 laser and one experiment on the Vulcan Petawatt laser.
All-fiber delivery of 100 W single-frequency laser through 100 m anti-resonant hollow-core fiber without stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Gao Shoufei , Zha Wenxiang , Feng Yujun , Liang Zhixi , Sun Yizhi , Yang Xiaobo , Wang Yingying 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The flexible delivery of single-frequency lasers is far more challenging than that of conventional lasers due to the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Here we present the successful delivery of 100 W single-frequency laser power through 100 m of anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) in an all-fiber configuration, with the absence of SBS. By employing a custom-designed AR-HCF with a mode-field diameter matching that of a large-mode-area panda fiber, the system achieves high coupling efficiency without the need for free-space components or fiber post-processing. The AR-HCF attains a transmission efficiency of 92%, delivering an output power of 100.3 W with a beam quality factor (M2) of 1.22. The absence of SBS is confirmed through monitoring backward light, which shows no increase in intensity. This all-fiber architecture ensures high stability, compactness and efficiency, potentially expanding the application scope of single-frequency lasers in high-precision metrology, optical communication, light detection and ranging systems, gravitational wave detection and other advanced applications.
Evaluating an urgent care antibiotic stewardship intervention: a multi-network collaborative effort
Authors: Park Daniel E. , Roberts Annie L.S. , Hamdy Rana F. , Balthrop Sabrina , Dolan Patrick , Liu Cindy M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Urgent care centers (UCCs) have reported high rates of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections. Prior UCC studies have generally been limited to single networks. Broadly generalizable stewardship efforts targeting common diagnoses are needed. This study examines the effectiveness of an antibiotic stewardship intervention in reducing inappropriate prescribing for bronchitis and viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in UCCs.

Design:
A quality improvement study comparing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing rates in UCCs after the introduction of an antibiotic stewardship intervention.

Setting:
Forty-nine UCCs in 27 different networks from 18 states, including 1 telemedicine site.

Participants:
Urgent care clinicians from a national collaborative of UCCs, all members of the Urgent Care Association.

Methods:
The intervention included signing a commitment statement and selecting from 5 different intervention options during 3 plan-do-study-act cycles. The primary outcome was the percentage of urgent care encounters for viral URTIs or bronchitis with inappropriate prescribing, stratified by clinician engagement and diagnosis. A 3-month baseline and 9-month intervention period were compared using a regression model using a generalized estimating equation.

Results:
Among 15,385 encounters, the intervention was associated with decreases in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for bronchitis (48% relative decrease, aOR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33–0.83) and viral URTIs (33%, aOR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55–0.82) among actively engaged clinicians compared to baseline. The intervention did not result in significant changes for clinicians not actively engaged.

Conclusions:
This intervention was associated with reductions in inappropriate prescribing among actively engaged clinicians. Implementing stewardship interventions in UCCs may reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for common diagnoses; however, active clinician engagement may be necessary.
Comparison of fast, hybrid imaging architectures for multi-scale, hierarchical aperture arrays
Authors: Thyagarajan Nithyanandan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Two major areas of modern radio astronomy, namely, explosive astrophysical transient phenomena and observations of cosmological structures, are driving the design of aperture arrays towards large numbers of low-cost elements consisting of multiple spatial scales spanning the dimensions of individual elements, the size of stations (groupings of individual elements), and the spacing between stations. Such multi-scale, hierarchical aperture arrays require a combination of data processing architectures – pre-correlation beamformer, generic version of fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based direct imager, post-correlation beamformer, and post-correlation FFT imager – operating on different ranges of spatial scales to obtain optimal performance in imaging the entire field of view. Adopting a computational cost metric based on the number of floating point operations, its distribution over the dimensions of discovery space, namely, field of view, angular resolution, polarisation, frequency, and time is examined to determine the most efficient hybrid architectures over the parameter space of hierarchical aperture array layouts. Nominal parameters of specific upcoming and planned arrays – the SKA at low frequencies (SKA-low), SKA-low-core, a proposed long baseline extension to SKA-low (LAMBDA-I), Compact All-Sky Phased Array (CASPA), and a lunar array (FarView-core) – are used to determine the most optimal architecture hierarchy for each from a computational standpoint and provide a guide for designing hybrid architectures for multi-scale aperture arrays. For large, dense-packed layouts, a FFT-based direct imager is most efficient for most cadence intervals, and for other layouts that have relatively lesser number of elements or greater sparsity in distribution, the best architecture is more sensitive to the cadence interval, which in turn is determined by the science goals.
Observer-rated environmental sensitivity and its characterization at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels
Authors: Weyn Sofie , Lionetti Francesca , Klein Daniel N. , Aron Elaine , Aron Arthur , Hayden Elizabeth P. , Dougherty Lea R. , Singh Shiva , Waszczuk Monika , Kotov Roman , Docherty Anna , Shabalin Andrey , Pluess Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child-Rating System (HSC-RS), the existence of sensitivity groups, and the characterization of sensitivity at behavioral, genetic, and physiological levels in 541 preschoolers (M(SD)age = 3.56(0.27); 45%male; 87%Caucasian). Temperament, genetic, cortisol, and electroencephalography asymmetry data were collected in subsamples (n = 94-476). Results showed a reliable observational measure of sensitivity. Confirmatory factor and latent class analysis supported a one-factor solution and three sensitivity groups, that are a low (23.3%), medium (54.2%), and a high (22.5%) sensitivity group. Hierarchical regression analyses showed moderate associations between HSC-RS and observed temperament traits (i.e., behavioral level). In addition, a small negative association between HSC-RS and a genome-wide association study polygenic risk score (GWAS PGS) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was found. No relations with candidate genes, other GWAS PGS phenotypes, and physiological measures were found. Implications of our findings and possible explanations for a lack of these associations are discussed.
Measuring child food poverty: understanding the gap to achieving minimum dietary diversity
Authors: Vollmer Sebastian , Laillou Arnaud , Albers Nora , Nanama Simeon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyse complementary feeding practices, to assess the extent to which minimum dietary diversity (MDD) recommendations are being met in the population studied and to study factors that influence the achievement of MDD.

Design:
We pooled individual level data form the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multi Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). We apply methods from poverty measurement to identify individual gaps towards achieving MDD. We further identify food groups that separate children who achieve MDD from those who do not.

Setting:
West and Central Africa.

Participants:
62 257 children aged between 6 and 23 months.

Results:
82·0 per cent of children do not achieve MDD and on average are lacking 2·5 out of five required food groups. For 19·0 per cent of children, the gap to MDD is one food group and for 23·7 per cent of children the gap is two food groups. Consumption of eggs, other fruits and vegetables as well as legumes and nuts is particularly low among children who are not achieving MDD. More than 90·0 per cent of children who do not achieve MDD do not consume these food groups compared to around half of children who achieve MDD.

Conclusions:
Overall MDD is low, but there is large potential for improving MDD achievement if food consumption can be increased by one or two food groups. Available, affordable and culturally accepted food groups are identified that could be prioritised in interventions to close this gap.
Morphological and chemical characteristics of Fritillaria species: species differentiation through morphometric measurements and GC-MS analysis
Authors: Şentürk Bengisu , Aytar Erdi Can , Durmaz Alper , İşler Sinan , Deniz İsmail Gökhan , Özdener Kömpe Yasemin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examines the morphological and chemical characteristics of seeds from five Fritillaria species: Fritillaria pinardii, Fritillaria pontica, Fritillaria kittaniae, Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria alfredae Post subsp. glaucoviridis (Turrill) Rix. Morphological measurements included total length, total width, embryo length, embryo width, seed left-wing coverage width, seed right-wing coverage width and the distance between crossing points. These measurements revealed significant differences among the species. For example, F. imperialis exhibited the longest seeds and the largest embryos, while F. alfredae Post subsp. glaucoviridis had the smallest dimensions. Chemical analyses were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identifying various significant compounds across the species. High proportions of 2,2-dimethoxybutane were found in the seed samples. In F. pontica, compounds such as 2,2-dimethoxybutane (66.33%) and 1,1-dipropoxypropane (13.24%) were prevalent. Fritillaria kittaniae seeds showed high levels of benzene, 1,1′-(3,3-dimethyl-1-butenylidene) bis- (25.57%) and cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)- (6.89%). In F. imperialis, significant compounds included 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl (9.73%) and dodecane (5.73%). Fritillaria pinardii had notable amounts of 3,6-dimethyloctane (4.81%), while F. alfredae subsp. glaucoviridis contained 2-methoxyethyl(trimethyl)silane (13.21%). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed clear groupings based on morphological and chemical similarities. Fritillaria pinardii, F. pontica and F. kittaniae formed a cluster due to their similar morphological and chemical characteristics, whereas F. imperialis and F. alfredae subsp. glaucoviridis formed a distinct group. These findings provide valuable insights into the identification and classification of Fritillaria species. Integrating morphological and chemical data can enhance the accurate identification of these species. This study contributes to understanding the natural diversity of Fritillaria species and has implications for ecological studies.
Genetic code expansion reveals site-specific lactylation in living cells reshapes protein functions
Authors: Shao Chang , Tang Shuo , Yu Siqin , Liu Chenguang , Zhang Yueyang , Wan Tianyan , He Zimeng , Yuan Qi , Wu Shihan , Zhang Hanqing , Wan Ning , Zhan Mengru , Tan Ren Xiang , Hao Haiping , Ye Hui , Wang Nanxi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProtein lactylation is an emerging field. To advance the exploration of its biological functions, here we develop a comprehensive workflow that integrates proteomics to identify lactylated sites, genetic code expansion (GCE) for the expression of site-specifically lactylated proteins in living cells, and an integrated functional analysis (IFA) platform to evaluate their biological effects. Using a combined wet-and-dry-lab proteomics strategy, we identify a conserved lactylation at ALDOA-K147, which we hypothesize plays a significant biological role. Expression of this site-specifically lactylated ALDOA in mammalian cells reveals that this modification not only inhibits enzymatic activity but also induces gain-of-function effects. These effects reshaped ALDOA functionality by enhancing protein stability, promoting nuclear translocation, regulating adhesion-related gene expression, altering cell morphology and modulating ALDOA-interacting proteins. Our findings highlight the utility of the GCE-based workflow in establishing causal relationships between specific lactylation events and both target-specific and cell-wide changes, advancing our understanding of protein lactylation’s functional impact.
Three-dimensional architecture and linearized mapping of vibrissa follicle afferents
Authors: Gerhardt Ben , Alfken Jette , Reichmann Jakob , Salditt Tim , Brecht Michael 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding vibrissal transduction has advanced by serial sectioning and identified afferent recordings, but afferent mapping onto the complex, encapsulated follicle remains unclear. Here, we reveal male rat C2 vibrissa follicle innervation through synchrotron X-ray phase contrast tomograms. Morphological analysis identified 5% superficial, ~32 % unmyelinated and 63% myelinated deep vibrissal nerve axons. Myelinated afferents consist of each one third Merkel and club-like, and one sixth Ruffini-like and lanceolate endings. Unsupervised clustering of afferent properties aligns with classic morphological categories and revealed previously unrecognized club-like afferent subtypes distinct in axon diameter and Ranvier internode distance. Myelination and axon diameters indicate a proximal-to-distal axon-velocity gradient along the follicle. Axons innervate preferentially dorso-caudally to the vibrissa, presumably to sample contacts from vibrissa protraction. Afferents organize in axon-arms innervating discrete angular territories. The radial axon-arm arrangement around the vibrissa maps into a linear representation of axon-arm bands in the nerve. Such follicle linearization presumably instructs downstream linear brainstem barrelettes. Synchrotron imaging provides a synopsis of afferents and mechanotransductory machinery.