bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of complex regional pain syndrome in trauma and orthopaedic surgery—a systematic review
Authors: Saed Abdel , Neal-Smith Greg , Fernquest Scott , Bourget-Murray Jonathan , Wood Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neurological pain disorder that is challenging to diagnose and manage, resulting in increased morbidity and costs. It most commonly occurs following traumatic injury, such as a fracture, crush injury or surgery. Recent research has evaluated the efficacy of treatments which have contradicted previous hypotheses. This systematic review summarizes these findings to improve clinician’s decision-making.

Sources of data
A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases from inception through January 2021 was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened relevant articles discussing the management of CRPS in adult trauma patients. All prospective and retrospective studies, non-randomized comparison studies and case series were considered for inclusion. Data extraction was performed by populating a predefined data abstraction sheet.

Areas of agreement
There is strong evidence to suggest the efficacy of prompt physiotherapy, lidocaine, ketamine, bisphosphonates, sympathectomy and brachial plexus blocks in the management of CRPS.

Areas of controversy
The latest evidence suggests that vitamin C has no significant role to play in the treatment or prevention of CRPS.

Growing points
A multidisciplinary team approach and early diagnosis are imperative for successful treatment of CRPS. The Budapest criteria and the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedics (BOAST) guidelines should be used when diagnosing CRPS. There is currently no clear evidence of superiority in any treatment.

Areas timely for developing research
There are few high-quality studies that inform the best treatment modalities for CRPS. Though emerging treatments show promise, further research is needed.
Neural signatures of second language proficiency in narrative processing
Authors: Zhang Ruiqing , Wang Jing , Lin Hui , Turk-Browne Nicholas B , Cai Qing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Making sense of speech in a second language relies on multiple abilities. Differences in brain activity related to proficiency in language tasks have often been attributed to processing demands. However, during naturalistic narrative comprehension, listeners at different proficiency levels may form different representations of the same speech. We hypothesized that the intersubject synchronization of these representations could be used to measure second-language proficiency. Using a searchlight-shared response model, we found highly proficient participants showed synchronization in regions similar to those of native speakers, including in the default mode network and the lateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, participants with low proficiency showed more synchronization in auditory cortex and word-level semantic processing areas in the temporal lobe. Moderate proficiency showed the greatest neural diversity, suggesting lower consistency in the source of this partial proficiency. Based on these synchronization differences, we were able to classify the proficiency level or predict behavioral performance on an independent English test in held-out participants, suggesting the identified neural systems represented proficiency-sensitive information that was generalizable to other individuals. These findings suggest higher second-language proficiency leads to more native-like neural processing of naturalistic language, including in systems beyond the cognitive control network or the core language network.
Is there a role in acute kidney injury for FGF23 and Klotho?
Authors: Mattinzoli Deborah , Molinari Paolo , Romero-González Gregorio , Bover Jordi , Cicero Elisa , Pesce Francesco , Abinti Matteo , Conti Costanza , Castellano Giuseppe , Alfieri Carlo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Cardio-renal syndrome is a clinical condition that has recently been well defined. In acute kidney disease, this interaction might trigger chronic processes determining the onset of cardiovascular events and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Moreover, the high mortality rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) is also linked to the fact that this condition is often complicated by dysfunctions of other organs such as lungs or heart, or is associated with septic episodes.
In this context the role and the potential link between bone, heart and kidney is becoming an important topic of research. The aim of this review is to describe the cardiac alterations in the presence of AKI (cardiorenal syndrome type 3) and explore how bone can interact with heart and kidney in determining and influencing the trend of AKI in the short and long term. The main anomalies of mineral metabolism in patients with AKI will be reported, with specific reference to the alterations of fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho as a link between the bone–kidney–heart axis.
Reproductive phases coincide with changes in morphology and photosynthetic physiology in an endangered cycad species
Authors: Krieg Christopher P , Gosetti Sophia , Watkins Jr James E , Griffith M Patrick , McCulloh Katherine A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cycadales is highly endangered and one of the oldest dioecious gymnosperm lineages, making their reproductive biology highly relevant to conservation efforts and our understanding of the impact of dioecy, yet cycad reproductive ecophysiology is poorly understood. We examined how the costs associated with reproduction may impact basic physiological variation in cycad species. Specifically, we measured traits related to functional morphology and photosynthetic physiology in sterile and fertile staminate plants (‘males’) of Zamia portoricensis. Light response curves showed that sterile plants had greater light-use efficiency and maximum photosynthetic capacity per area compared with fertile plants. However, fertile and sterile plants exhibited similar respiration rates. We found significantly more nitrogen in leaves of fertile individuals, but similar nitrogen isotope composition and no differences in carbon content between sterile and fertile individuals. Despite having lower leaf-level photosynthetic rates, fertile plants had greater canopy-level photosynthesis than sterile plants, which was achieved by increasing leaf number and total leaf area. Our data suggest that sterile individuals may have greater light demands relative to fertile individuals, and fertile individuals may have greater nitrogen demands, which may be critical for successful reproductive events in staminate plants of the endangered cycad, Z. portoricensis.
The landscape of health disparities in the UK Biobank
Authors: Nagar Shashwat Deepali , Jordan I King , Mariño-Ramírez Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The UK Biobank (UKB), a large-scale biomedical database that includes demographic and electronic health record data for more than half a million ethnically diverse participants, is a potentially valuable resource for the study of health disparities. However, publicly accessible databases that catalog health disparities in the UKB do not exist. We developed the UKB Health Disparities Browser with the aims of (i) facilitating the exploration of the landscape of health disparities in the UK and (ii) directing the attention to areas of disparities research that might have the greatest public health impact. Health disparities were characterized for UKB participant groups defined by age, country of residence, ethnic group, sex and socioeconomic deprivation. We defined disease cohorts for UKB participants by mapping participant International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes to phenotype codes (phecodes). For each of the population attributes used to define population groups, disease percent prevalence values were computed for all groups from phecode case–control cohorts, and the magnitude of the disparities was calculated by both the difference and ratio of the range of disease prevalence values among groups to identify high- and low-prevalence disparities. We identified numerous diseases and health conditions with disparate prevalence values across population attributes, and we deployed an interactive web browser to visualize the results of our analysis: https://ukbatlas.health-disparities.org. The interactive browser includes overall and group-specific prevalence data for 1513 diseases based on a cohort of &gt;500 000 participants from the UKB. Researchers can browse and sort by disease prevalence and prevalence differences to visualize health disparities for each of the five population attributes, and users can search for diseases of interest by disease names or codes.
Database URL https://ukbatlas.health-disparities.org/
Transcatheter ablation in patients with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Grossi Stefano , Bianchi Francesca , Pintor Chiara , Musumeci Giuseppe , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Since the first description of Brugada syndrome (BrS), several studies were carried out aimed at diagnosis, arrhythmic risk stratification, and available strategies for sudden death prevention. In high-risk patients, the use of an implantable cardiac defibrillator was an evident option since the first description of the syndrome. Nevertheless, this strategy, while proven, as expected, to be effective in sudden death prevention, does not prevent arrhythmias and may not be an adequate or accepted solution for all patients. The need of a non-pharmacological therapy as a potential solution based on the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying the syndrome, led to search for substrate as target for catheter ablation. Advances in the tools, technology, and technical approach enabled to launch studies aimed at mapping the epicardium of patients with BrS in order to identify and ablate the substrate. As described in previous work and in our experience, an anatomically identifiable electrical substrate, which correspond to the typical ECG, is the ablation target. Complete substrate is better identified in a larger area with sodium-channel-blockers. Ablation of all abnormal electrical potentials is able to normalize the ECG and prevent arrhythmias induction. Encouraging preliminary data, if confirmed by longer follow-up and by multicentre randomized study, could change the whole therapeutic management in BrS patients.
The value of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in the prediction of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Calò Leonardo , Lanza Oreste , Crescenzi Cinzia , Parisi Cristian , Panattoni Germana , Martino Annamaria , Rebecchi Marco , Tarzia Pierpaolo , Ciampi Pellegrino , Romeo Fabiana , Canestrelli Stefano , Silvetti Elisa , De Ruvo Ermenegildo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) can be caused by several clinical conditions, overt or misconceived, which recognize different pathophysiologies determining the development of fatal arrhythmic events. In the various forms of structural heart disease such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies (e.g. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy), channelopathies (e.g. long-QT syndrome, congenital short QT, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization (ER) syndrome, and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation) but also in the apparently healthy subject, the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has proved, over the years, to be a reliable and readily available method for stratifying the risk of adverse arrhythmic events and consequently SCD. Several electrocardiographic markers have been shown to be associated with adverse outcomes in different types of patients. Although with different sensitivity and specificity in each clinical condition, depolarization abnormalities, such as QRS fragmentation, Q waves, QRS duration, left posterior fascicular block, low QRS voltage, and left ventricular hypertrophy and similarly repolarization abnormalities as ER pattern, T wave alternans, QT interval, and QT dispersion, have shown significant efficacy in predicting SCD. Despite the advancement of techniques especially in the field of imaging, the correct interpretation of the 12-lead ECG remains, therefore, an effective tool for assessing the possible prognostic outcome in terms of arrhythmic risk and SCD in different types of patients.
Pacing of the specialized His–Purkinje conduction system: ‘back to the future’
Authors: Bressi Edoardo , Grieco Domenico , Čurila Karol , Zanon Francesco , Marcantoni Lina , Cabrera Jose Angel , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Vernooy Kevin , Calò Leonardo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conduction system of the human heart is composed of specialized cardiomyocytes that initiate and propagate the electric impulse with consequent rhythmic and synchronized contraction of the atria and ventricles, resulting in the normal cardiac cycle. Although the His–Purkinje system (HPS) was already described more than a century ago, there has been a recent resurgence of conduction system pacing (CSP), where pacing leads are positioned in the His bundle region and left bundle branch area to provide physiological cardiac activation as alternatives to the unnatural myocardial stimulation obtained with conventional right ventricular and biventricular pacing. In this review, we describe the fundamental anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of the specialized HPS along with the CSP technique’s nuts and bolts to highlight its potential benefits in everyday clinical practice.
Electrical storm management in structural heart disease
Authors: Dusi Veronica , Angelini Filippo , Gravinese Carol , Frea Simone , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Electrical storm (ES) is a life-threatening condition characterized by at least three separate episodes of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) over 24 h, each requiring therapeutic intervention, including implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapies. Patients with ICDs in secondary prevention are at higher risk of ES and the most common presentation is that of scar-related monomorphic VAs. Electrical storm represents a major unfavourable prognostic marker in the history of patients with structural heart disease, with an associated two- to five-fold increase in mortality, heart transplant, and heart failure hospitalization. Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial to improve the outcome. Yet, ES management is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach and well-defined protocols and networks to guarantee a proper patient care. Acute phase stabilization should include a comprehensive clinical assessment, resuscitation and sedation management skills, ICD reprogramming, and acute sympathetic modulation, while the sub-acute/chronic phase requires a comprehensive heart team evaluation to define the better treatment option according to the haemodynamic and overall patient’s condition and the type of VAs. Advanced anti-arrhythmic strategies, not mutually exclusive, include invasive ablation, cardiac sympathetic denervation, and, for very selected cases, stereotactic ablation. Each of these aspects, as well as the new European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommendations, will be discussed in the present review.
Diagnostic and prognostic electrocardiographic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bernardini Andrea , Crotti Lia , Olivotto Iacopo , Cecchi Franco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) represents a cornerstone for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common genetically determined heart muscle disease, due to its cost-effectiveness and wide availability. The ECG may surprisingly look normal in 4–6% of adult patients, and in less than 3% of paediatric patients, but it is abnormal in the vast majority of the remaining patients. ‘Specific’ features comprise pathological Q-waves, deep S-waves in V1–V3, or high R-waves in V4–V6 due to left ventricular hypertrophy with T-wave (TW) depression or negative TWs. Negative giant TWs are often found in apical HCM. However, in many patients, the ECG may only show non-specific ST–T changes with diphasic or flat TWs. An isolated inverted TW in lateral leads (usually aVL) may be the only marker for HCM in some patients. Electrocardiogram helps to diagnose sarcomeric HCM and distinguish it from different phenocopies, such as cardiac amyloidosis, glycogen storage, or Fabry disease. Electrocardiogram may also have a prognostic role, identifying high-risk features that could impact the clinical outcome.
Leucocyte and platelet activation in cardiac surgery patients with and without lung injury: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Van Paassen Judith , De Graaf-Dijkstra Alice , Brunsveld-Reinders Anja H , De Jonge Evert , Klautz Robert J M , Tsonaka Roula , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Arbous M Sesmu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIONS
Development of acute lung injury after cardiac surgery is associated with an unfavourable outcome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in general is, besides cytokine and interleukin activation, associated with activation of platelets, monocytes and neutrophils. In relation to pulmonary outcome after cardiac surgery, leucocyte and platelet activation is described in animal studies only. Therefore, we explored the perioperative time course of platelet and leucocyte activation in cardiac surgery and related these findings to acute lung injury assessed via PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio measurements.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study was performed, including 80 cardiac surgery patients. At five time points, blood samples were directly assessed by flow cytometry. For time course analyses in low (&lt; 200) versus high (≥200) P/F ratio groups, repeated measurement techniques with linear mixed models were used.

RESULTS
Already before the start of the operation, platelet activatability (P = 0.003 for thrombin receptor-activator peptide and P = 0.017 for adenosine diphosphate) was higher, and the expression of neutrophil activation markers was lower (CD18/CD11; P = 0.001, CD62L; P = 0.013) in the low P/F group. After correction for these baseline differences, the peri- and postoperative thrombin receptor-activator peptide-induced thrombocyte activatability was decreased in the low P/F ratio group (P = 0.008), and a changed pattern of neutrophil activation markers was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Prior to surgery, an upregulated inflammatory state with higher platelet activatability and indications for higher neutrophil turnover were demonstrated in cardiac surgery patients who developed lung injury. It is difficult to distinguish whether these factors are mediators or are also aetiologically related to the development of lung injury after cardiac surgery. Further research is warranted.

Trial registration
Clinical Registration number: ICTRP: NTR 5314, 26-05-2015
A Geometric Model for Syzygies Over 2-Calabi–Yau Tilted Algebras II
Authors: Schiffler Ralf , Serhiyenko Khrystyna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, we continue the study of a certain family of 2-Calabi–Yau tilted algebras, called dimer tree algebras. The terminology comes from the fact that these algebras can also be realized as quotients of dimer algebras on a disk. They are defined by a quiver with potential whose dual graph is a tree, and they are generally of wild representation type. Given such an algebra $B$, we construct a polygon $\mathcal {S}$ with a checkerboard pattern in its interior, which defines a category $\text {Diag}(\mathcal {S})$. The indecomposable objects of $\text {Diag}(\mathcal {S})$ are the 2-diagonals in $\mathcal {S}$, and its morphisms are certain pivoting moves between the 2-diagonals. We prove that the category $\text {Diag}(\mathcal {S})$ is equivalent to the stable syzygy category of the algebra $B$. This result was conjectured by the authors in an earlier paper, where it was proved in the special case where every chordless cycle is of length three. As a consequence, we conclude that the number of indecomposable syzygies is finite, and moreover the syzygy category is equivalent to the 2-cluster category of type $\mathbb {A}$. In addition, we obtain an explicit description of the projective resolutions, which are periodic. Finally, the number of vertices of the polygon $\mathcal {S}$ is a derived invariant and a singular invariant for dimer tree algebras, which can be easily computed form the quiver.
Identifying Populations at Risk for Difficulty Managing Emotions and Social Interactions After Burn Injury
Authors: Ross Erin E , Knapp Rachel C , Yu Jeremy , Munabi Naikhoba , Gillenwater Timothy Justin , Yenikomshian Haig A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There has been conflicting data on the relationship between burn severity and psychological outcomes. The present study aims to characterize the baseline psychosocial disposition of adults attending outpatient burn clinic at a large urban safety net hospital, as well as the impact of clinical course on self-reported psychosocial well-being. Adult patients attending outpatient burn clinic completed survey questions from the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Managing Chronic Conditions: Self-Efficacy for Managing Social Interactions (SEMSI-4) and Managing Emotions (SEME). Sociodemographic variables were collected from surveys and retrospective chart review. Clinical variables included total body surface area burned, initial hospital length of stay, surgical history, and days since injury. Poverty level was estimated by U.S. census data using patient’s home ZIP code. Scores on SEME-4 and SEMSI-4 were compared to the population mean by one-sample T-test, and independent variables evaluated for associations with managing emotions and social interactions by Tobit regression while adjusting for demographic variables. The 71 burn patients surveyed had lower scores in SEMSI-4 (mean = 48.0, P = .041) but not SEME-4 (mean = 50.9, P = .394) versus the general population. Marital status and neighborhood poverty level were associated with SEMSI-4, while length of stay and % total body surface area burned were associated with SEME-4. Patients who are single or from poorer neighborhoods may have difficulty interacting with their environment after burn injury and need extra social support. Prolonged hospitalization and increased severity of burn injury may have more impact on emotional regulation; these patients may benefit from psychotherapy during recovery.
A system of population estimates compiled from administrative data only
Authors: Dunne John , Zhang Li-Chun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a novel system of annual Population Estimates Compiled from Administrative Data Only (PECADO) for Ireland in the absence of a Central Population Register. The system is entirely based on data originated from administrative sources, so that population estimates can be produced even without purposely designed coverage surveys or a periodic census to recalibrate estimates. It requires several extensions to the traditional Dual System Estimation (DSE) methodology, including a restatement of the underlying assumptions, a trimmed DSE method for dealing with erroneous enumerations in the administrative register, and a test for heterogeneous capture probabilities to facilitate the choice of blocking in applications. The PECADO estimates for years 2011–2016 are compared to the Census counts in 2011 and 2016. We demonstrate how the system can be used to investigate the Census 2016 under-count in Ireland, in place of the traditional approach of deploying additional population coverage surveys.