bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Electrode Process Evaluation: Lithium Titanium Phosphate in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Scarpioni Federico , Khalid Shahid , Chukwu Richard , Pianta Nicolò , La Mantia Fabio , Ruffo Riccardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAqueous electrolytes in the form of highly concentrated solutions stand as a viable alternative to the organic counterpart as battery electrolytes thanks to the low flammability, toxicity, cost and large availability, while keeping good potential windows. In this work, a half‐cell constituted of lithium titanium phosphate in a binary aqueous solution of sodium acetate (7 mol kg−1) and potassium acetate (20 mol kg−1) as a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries is characterized with constant current, static and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to reveal its thermodynamic and kinetic properties. The experiments permit to withdraw some information on the thermodynamics (activation energy of processes) and kinetics (processes’ parameters evolution) of the system. Physical information was extracted from impedance spectra with mathematical regression of a porous electrode intercalation model available in literature using an innovative procedure of batch‐fitting of a complete set of spectra at once. The advantage and shortcoming on using impedance in battery‐development is discussed.
Fluorinated Dihydropentalene‐1,4‐Dione: A Strong Electron‐Accepting Unit with Organic Semiconductor Characteristics
Authors: Yokoyama Soichi , Ie Yutaka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Soichi Yokoyama and Yutaka Ie at Osaka University, Japan. The image depicts the strong electron affinity of the fluorinated dihydropentalene‐1,4‐dione (FPD) structure, in which the electron‐rich amino groups in the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) skeleton are replaced with a strongly electronegative difluoromethylene unit. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203873.
Trends und Entwicklungstendenzen in der Mischtechnik – Eindrücke und Schlaglichter der ACHEMA 2022
Authors: Schultz Heyko Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDieser Beitrag zeigt einen Ausschnitt der auf der ACHEMA 2022 gezeigten Trends, Entwicklungstendenzen, Neuentwicklungen und Innovationen in der Mischtechnik, der als einer der wichtigsten chemie‐ und verfahrenstechnischen Grundoperationen gerade vor dem Hintergrund eines der Themenschwerpunkte „Nachhaltigkeit“ eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Neben Prozesslösungen für unterschiedliche Viskositätsbereiche werden Beispiele der Rührtechnik für Flüssigphasen, aber auch statische und Feststoffmischer, ebenso wie individuelle, neuartige Mischsysteme vom Labor bis zum Betriebsmaßstab behandelt.
Proton Transfer Dynamics‐Mediated CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Chen Shanyong , Li Xiaoqing , Li Hongmei , Chen Kejun , Luo Tao , Fu Junwei , Liu Kang , Wang Qiyou , Zhu Mingshan , Liu Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is crucial to addressing environmental crises and producing chemicals. Proton activation and transfer are essential in CO2RR. To date, few research reviews have focused on this process and its effect on catalytic performance. Recent studies have demonstrated ways to improve CO2RR by regulating proton transfer dynamics. This Concept highlights the use of regulating proton transfer dynamics to enhance CO2RR for the target product and discusses modulation strategies for proton transfer dynamics and operative mechanisms in typical systems, including single‐atom catalysts, molecular catalysts, metal heterointerfaces, and organic‐ligand modified metal catalysts. Characterization methods for proton transfer dynamics during CO2RR are also discussed, providing powerful tools for the hydrogen‐involving electrochemical study. This Concept offers new insights into the CO2RR mechanism and guides the design of efficient CO2RR systems.
Rigid‐tough Coupling of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Towards Long‐Life Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Hantao , Sun Chenghao , Zhang Shu , Zhang Huanrui , Liu Zhi , Tang Yue , Cui Guanglei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries are highly pursued for energy storage applications due to superior energy densities. However, fast battery decay accompanied by lithium dendrite growth occurs mainly owing to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) failure. To address this, a novel functional quasi‐solid‐state polymer electrolyte is developed through in situ copolymerization of a cyclic carbonate‐containing acrylate and a urea‐based acrylate monomer in commercial available electrolyte. Based on the rigid‐tough coupling design of SEI, anionic polymerization of cyclic carbonate units and reversible hydrogen bonding formed using urea motifs on the polymer matrix can take place at SEI. This mechanically stabilizes SEI and thus helps achieve uniform lithium deposition behaviors and non‐dendrite growth. Thus, the superior cycling performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li metal batteries is promoted by the formation of compatible SEI. This design philosophy to build mechanochemically stable SEI provides a good example for realizing advanced lithium metal batteries.
Superhydrophobicity‐mediated enhanced enzymatic kinetics and high‐performance bioassays
Authors: Wang Dandan , Chen Liping , Feng Xinjian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a typical superwettability behavior, superhydrophobicity can provide an appropriate strategy to enhance the mass transport in multiphase chemical reactions. In the oxidase‐based enzymatic reactions, the elaborately regulating of reactant oxygen are critical to the development of an oxidase‐based high‐performance biosensor. In solid–liquid diphase condition, however, the kinetics of oxidase‐catalyzed reactions is inhibited by delayed mass transport and poor solubility of oxygen. To address this limitation, the design of the solid–liquid–air triphase interface is proposed according to the binary cooperation of superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. On the triphase joint interface, oxygen required for the oxidase‐catalyzed reactions can diffuse directly to the reaction center from the air phase through the micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic substrate, thus improving the kinetics of the oxidase‐catalyzed reactions. In this minireview, we summarize recent advances in the fabrication of triphase reaction system based on different superhydrophobic substrate for oxidase‐based biosensors. Common substrates including fibrous network, nanowire arrays, 3D porous framework, and hollow sphere structures are outlined in categories.
Theoretical study of ARRHENIUS‐controlled heat transfer flow on natural convection affected by an induced magnetic field in a micro‐channel
Authors: Hamza Muhammed Murtala , Ojemeri Godwin , Ahmad Samaila Kenga‐kwai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study analyzes the implications of an Arrhenius‐controlled heat transfer fluid on free convection in a micro‐channel confined by two immeasurable vertical parallel plates that are electrically non‐conductive due to an induced magnetic field (IMF) effect. The governing coupled nonlinear equations are ordinary differential equations, and the dimensionless steady‐state solutions were determined using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The derived results were discussed and represented graphically with the help of illustrative line graphs for momentum, IMF, temperature, and volume flow rate for the major controlling parameters, namely arrhenius kinetics, rarefaction, wall ambient temperature difference ratios, and Prandtl magnetic number. Thermo‐physical properties that are of engineering interest, like sheer stress and Nusselt number, are also computed and displayed. It is pertinent to report that the velocity of the fluid increases as a result of chemical reactions and rarefaction factors, whereas strengthening the Prandtl magnetic number decreases the volume flow rate. Also, numerical data was obtained and presented in tabular form to compare this research outcome to those of Jha and Aina, and great consistency was found. Microelectronics and microfluidics are some areas where this study can find relevance.
Transport of nutrients into the southern Gulf of Mexico by the Grijalva–Usumacinta rivers
Authors: Castillo María M. , Carrillo Laura , Jarquín‐Sánchez Aarón , Alcérreca‐Huerta Juan Carlos , Álvarez‐Merino Arturo , Lázaro‐Vázquez Alejandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNutrient transport by rivers strongly influences ecosystem productivity and hypoxia zone formation in coastal areas. In this study, we estimated the transport of nitrogen and phosphorus by the Grijalva and Usumacinta rivers that combined represent the second largest source of fresh water into the Gulf of Mexico. Water samples were collected monthly within an annual cycle at different sites (mainstem and tributaries) in the Lower Grijalva and Usumacinta basins to encompass the seasonal variation in discharge. Nitrogen (total nitrogen, nitrate‐N, ammonium‐N, and nitrite‐N), phosphorus (total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus), and chlorophyll concentrations were determined, and annual loads estimated using the Beale ratio approach. Nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations were greater in the Grijalva than in the Usumacinta River. Stronger seasonal patterns in nutrient concentrations and discharge were identified in the Usumacinta, evincing the flow regulation experimented by the Grijalva. In the Grijalva, higher nutrient concentrations were measured at the De la Sierra and Pichucalco rivers, compared to the regulated Carrizal. TN:TP ratios were greater during the dry season in both rivers, and higher TN:TP occurred in the Usumacinta than in the Grijalva. The Usumacinta showed greater nutrient loads (nitrogen, 26790.6 × 103 kg year−1; phosphorus, 3056.9 × 103 kg year−1) than the Grijalva (nitrogen 19974.7 × 103 kg year−1; phosphorus, 1941.8 × 103 kg year−1). However, the Grijalva River showed higher soluble reactive phosphorus and ammonium‐N loads and yields than the Usumacinta, likely explained by greater delivery of urban wastewater in the lower Grijalva Basin. The Grijalva–Usumacinta represents an important source of nitrogen compared to other rivers draining into the Gulf of Mexico, even though more disturbed rivers can exceed the phosphorus load. This study can contribute to the modelling of nutrient delivery into the Gulf of Mexico and to better understand the influence of tropical rivers in the formation of coastal hypoxia.
Toxoplasma gondii, HBV, and HCV co‐infection and their correlation with CD4 cells among Iranian HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Bazmjoo Ahmadreza , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Aref , Raoofi Rahim , Taghipour Ali , Mazaherifar Samaneh , Sotoodeh Hojatallah , Ostadi Zahra , Shadmand Enayat , Jahromi Mirza Ali Mofazzal , Abdoli Amir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) infected patients have a higher risk of opportunistic infections (OIs) depending on their immunological status, especially CD4 + cell count. Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are important OIs among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, little is known about co‐infection of these pathogens among HIV‐infected individuals and their correlation with the patient's CD4 + cell count. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the serological and molecular status of T. gondii infection among HIV‐infected individuals who had co‐infection with HBV and HCV infections.MethodsA total of 100 HIV/AIDS patients in two cities in the southwest of Iran was tested for T. gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies as well as DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the RE gene. HBV and HCV were detected by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test, hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) test, and Real‐Time PCR. The number of CD4 + cell counts was determined by Flow cytometry.ResultsAnti‐T. gondii IgG was positive in 22% of the patients, but anti‐T. gondii IgM and PCR were negative in all samples. HBV and HCV were positive in 8% and 33% of the patients, respectively. Co‐infections were as followed: HIV + HCV (16%), HIV + HCV + T. gondii (11%), HIV + T. gondii (5%), HIV + HBV (1%), HIV + HBV + T. gondii (1%), HIV + HBV + HCV (1%), and HIV + HBV + HCV + T. gondii (5%). A significant decline in CD4 + cell counts was found in such co‐infection groups (HIV + T. gondii, HIV + HCV + T. gondii, and HIV + HBV + HCV + T. gondii) compared with the HIV mono‐infection group.ConclusionsOur study showed that co‐infections of T. gondii, HCV, and HBV were common among HIV‐infected patients and co‐infections had a negative correlation with CD4 + cell counts of the patients.
What women want: A mixed‐methods study of women's health priorities, preferences, and experiences in care in three Rwandan rural districts
Authors: Adler A. J. , Randall T. , Schwartz L. N. , Drown L. , Matthews S. , Pace L. E. , Mugabo C. , Kateera F. , Bukhman G. , Baganizi E. , Ng'ang'a L. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore Rwandan women's experiences, priorities, and preferences in accessing health care for non‐pregnancy‐related conditions and inform development of healthcare services related to these conditions among women of reproductive age at district hospitals and health centers in Rwanda.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods, exploratory sequential design. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with Rwandan women and coded thematically. A cross‐sectional quantitative survey based on the qualitative data was administered to women attending health centers.ResultsSeventeen interviews and 150 surveys were conducted. Women identified conditions including back pain, gynecologic cancers, and abnormal vaginal bleeding as concerns. They generally reported positive experiences while accessing health care and knowledge of accessing health care. Barriers to care were identified, including transportation costs and inability to miss work. Women expressed a desire for more control over their care and the importance of maintaining their dignity while accessing health care.ConclusionThese findings provide useful insights to inform development of non‐pregnancy‐related healthcare services for women in Rwanda according to their priorities and preferences. The reported end‐user health concerns, barriers to care, and diminished control over their care point to a need to evolve health systems around user‐tailored needs and design interventions optimizing access whilst promoting dignified care.
Analysis of intervertebral disc CCR6 and IL‐6 gene levels with short‐term postoperative low back pain after spinal fusion in lumbar degenerative disease
Authors: Hiyama Akihiko , Sakai Daisuke , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported that specific pro‐inflammatory cytokines or chemokines are more highly expressed in painful than in nonpainful intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, few studies have investigated their correlation with postsurgical outcomes or the relationship between postoperative pain and inflammatory cytokines in IVDs. Thus, the present study examined the correlation among the gene expression levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in IVD tissues removed during surgery and low back pain (LBP), leg pain (LP), and leg numbness (LN) at one year after spinal fusion surgery in patients with a lumbar degenerative disease (LDD).MethodsChemokine and cytokine gene expression levels were measured in IVD samples from 48 patients with LDD. The associations between chemokine and cytokine gene expression levels and pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]) were also analyzed. A correlation analysis was performed between gene expression in each IVD and preoperative and postoperative pain intensity.ResultsIn the preoperative analysis, CCR6 was associated with NRSLBP (r = −0.291, P = 0.045). Postoperative pain analysis revealed correlations between postoperative NRSLBP and CCR6 (r = −0.328, P = 0.023) and between postoperative NRSLBP and IL‐6 (r = −0.382, P = 0.007). Furthermore, patients with high postoperative LBP intensity (NRSLBP ≥ 7) also had high LBP intensity (NRSLBP ≥ 6) before surgery, and a correlation was observed (r = 0.418, P = 0.003). None of the gene mRNAs correlated with NRSLP or NRSLN, respectively.ConclusionsCCR6 and IL‐6 gene expression in the IVD was associated with postoperative LBP intensity and may indicate a need for postoperative pain management.
Developing, evaluating, and validating a nonprofit board performance framework
Authors: Kersey‐Stapleton Joh Merlin , Tay Benjamin , Abdullah Fazlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this research note, we describe a sequential mixed‐methods research study used to uncover the factors contributing to nonprofit board performance, which we conducted in the context of Singapore. A qualitative study generated an initial framework for board performance that was evaluated but deemed unsuitable. A second framework was then developed through a quantitative survey administered to a nationally representative sample of board members and managers, derived via stratified random sampling. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, this second framework was evaluated and validated for its ability to explain the performance of nonprofit boards.
Functional Outcomes After Transoral Plus Lateral Pharyngotomy Approach for Advanced Oral and Oropharyngeal Tumors
Authors: Colevas Sophia M. , Merfeld Emily C. , Pflum Zachary E. , Gessert Thomas G. , Wieland Aaron M. , Glazer Tiffany A. , Burr Adam R. , Harari Paul M. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate our institutional experience with the combined transoral plus lateral pharyngotomy (TO+LP) approach in a subset of patients with advanced or recurrent oral and oropharyngeal malignancy.Study DesignA retrospective study of procedures utilizing TO+LP for cancer resection between January 2007 and July 2019.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsThirty‐one patients underwent a TO+LP approach for the resection of oral and oropharyngeal tumors. Functional and oncologic outcomes were analyzed.ResultsEighteen (58.1%) patients were treated with TO+LP for recurrent disease. Twenty‐nine required free tissue transfer and 2 (6.5%) had positive margins. The median time to decannulation was 22 days (range 6‐100 days). Thirteen (41.9%) patients still required enteral feeding at their most recent follow‐up. Patients without a history of prior radiation were decannulated sooner (p = .009) and were less likely to require enteral feeding at the first postoperative follow‐up (p = .034) than those who had prior head and neck radiotherapy.ConclusionA TO+LP approach can be used to achieve good functional and oncologic results for selected patients with advanced or recurrent oral and oropharyngeal cancer when minimally invasive options such as transoral robotic surgery, transoral laser microsurgery, or radiotherapy are not possible.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Canadian Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgeons and Residents on Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Hathi Kalpesh , Fowler James , Zahabi Sarah , Dzioba Agnieszka , Madou Edward , Gunz Anna C. , Sowerby Leigh J. , Nichols Anthony C. , Strychowsky Julie E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare systems, specifically operating rooms, significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing operating room environmental sustainability requires understanding current practices, opinions, and barriers. This is the first study assessing the attitudes and perceptions of otolaryngologists on environmental sustainability.Study DesignCross‐sectional virtual survey.SettingEmail survey to active members of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.MethodsA 23‐question survey was developed in REDCap. The questions focused on four themes: (1) demographics, (2) attitudes and beliefs, (3) institutional practices, and (4) education. A combination of multiple choice, Likert‐scale, and open‐ended questions were employed.ResultsResponse rate was 11% (n = 80/699). Most respondents strongly believed in climate change (86%). Only 20% strongly agree that operating rooms contribute to the climate crisis. Most agree environmental sustainability is very important at home (62%) and in their community (64%), only 46% said it was very important in the operating room. Barriers to environmental sustainability were incentives (68%), hospital supports (60%), information/knowledge (59%), cost (58%), and time (50%). Of those involved in residency programs, 89% (n = 49/55) reported there was no education on environmental sustainability or they were unsure if there was.ConclusionCanadian otolaryngologists strongly believe in climate change, but there is more ambivalence regarding operating rooms as a significant contributor. There is a need for further education and a systemic reduction of barriers to facilitate eco‐action in otolaryngology operating rooms.
Reporting rates for VAERS death reports following COVID‐19 vaccination, December 14, 2020–November 17, 2021
Authors: Day Brendan , Menschik David , Thompson Deborah , Jankosky Christopher , Su John , Moro Pedro , Zinderman Craig , Welsh Kerry , Dimova Rositsa B. , Nair Narayan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeDespite widely available safety information for the COVID‐19 vaccines, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. In some cases, vaccine hesitancy may be related to concerns about the number of reports of death to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). We aimed to provide information and context about reports of death to VAERS following COVID‐19 vaccination.MethodsThis is a descriptive study evaluating reporting rates for VAERS death reports for COVID‐19 vaccine recipients in the United States between December 14, 2020, and November 17, 2021. Reporting rates were calculated as death events per million persons vaccinated and compared to expected all‐cause (background) death rates.Results9201 death events were reported for COVID‐19 vaccine recipients aged 5 years and older (or age unknown). Reporting rates for death events increased with increasing age, and males generally had higher reporting rates than females. For death events within 7 days and 42 days of vaccination, respectively, observed reporting rates were lower than the expected all‐cause death rates. Reporting rates for Ad26.COV2.S vaccine were generally higher than for mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, but still lower than the expected all‐cause death rates. Limitations of VAERS data include potential reporting bias, missing or inaccurate information, lack of a control group, and reported diagnoses, including deaths, are not causally verified diagnoses.ConclusionsReporting rates for death events were lower than the all‐cause death rates expected in the general population. Trends in reporting rates reflected known trends in background death rates. These findings do not suggest an association between vaccination and overall increased mortality.