bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic history of Ryukyu islanders at the southern part of the Japanese Archipelago inferred from whole-genome resequencing data
Authors: Koganebuchi Kae , Matsunami Masatoshi , Imamura Minako , Kawai Yosuke , Hitomi Yuki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Maeda Shiro , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Ryukyu Islands are located in the southernmost part of the Japanese Archipelago and consist of several island groups. Each island group has its own history and culture, which differ from those of mainland Japan. People of the Ryukyu Islands are genetically subdivided; however, their detailed demographic history remains unclear. We report the results of a whole-genome sequencing analysis of a total of 50 Ryukyu islanders, focusing on genetic differentiation between Miyako and Okinawa islanders. We confirmed that Miyako and Okinawa islanders cluster differently in principal component analysis and ADMIXTURE analysis and that there is a population structure among Miyako islanders. The present study supports the hypothesis that population differentiation is primarily caused by genetic drift rather than by differences in the rate of migration from surrounding regions, such as the Japanese main islands or Taiwan. In addition, the genetic cline observed among Miyako and Okinawa islanders can be explained by recurrent migration beyond the bounds of these islands. Our analysis also suggested that the presence of multiple subpopulations during the Neolithic Ryukyu Jomon period is not crucial to explain the modern Ryukyu populations. However, the assumption of multiple subpopulations during the time of admixture with mainland Japanese is necessary to explain the modern Ryukyu populations. Our findings add insights that could help clarify the complex history of populations in the Ryukyu Islands.
Condylar motion analysis: a controlled, blinded clinical study on the interindividual reproducibility of standardized evaluation of computer-recorded condylar movements
Authors: Ahlers M. Oliver , Petersen Tim , Katzer Lukasz , Jakstat Holger A. , Roehl Jakob C. , Türp Jens C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study investigated to what extent a systematic evaluation of electronic condylar motion recordings leads to reproducible results in different examiners. The study was based on the anonymized condylar motion recordings of 20 patients (Cadiax compact II system). These were recruited consecutively from the examinations in a center specializing in diagnosing and managing temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Four trained practitioners independently evaluated the identical movement recordings of all patients after calibration. The evaluation was based on the previously published evaluation system. The results were recorded digitally in a database. The findings were then compared, and the matching values were determined (Fleiss' Kappa). The evaluation, according to Fleiss' Kappa, showed that the consistency of the assessment of the findings among the examiners is excellent (mean value 0.88, p < 0.00001). The study shows that calibrated dentists achieved reproducible results using this evaluation system and computer-assisted reporting. Good reproducibility confirms the reliability of systematic evaluation of clinical motion analysis. The ambiguities uncovered and eliminated in the study should avoid misunderstandings in the future. Both factors establish the prerequisites for applying condylar motion analysis in clinical practice.
Applications of IoT and digital twin in electrical power systems: A comprehensive survey
Authors: Mansour Diaa‐Eldin A. , Numair Mohamed , Zalhaf Amr S. , Ramadan Rawda , Darwish Mohamed M. F. , Huang Qi , Hussien Mohamed G. , Abdel‐Rahim Omar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper reviews the applications of Internet of Things (IoT) and digital twin technology in electrical power systems. It begins by discussing the generalized IoT value chain, followed by the terminology of smart grid, with clarifying the role of IoT‐systems and the digital twin structure within the Smart Grid. A comparison between different short‐range and long‐range transports is presented. The paper then discusses the use of IoT and digital twin technology for effective energy management with applications in smart homes, smart buildings, smart grids, smart industries (Industry 4.0), smart transportation and smart cities. Additionally, the paper explores the use of IoT and digital twin technology for condition monitoring and diagnosis (CMD) in electrical power systems. Three different cases are presented for CMD, that is, CMD of power transformers, CMD of electrical grids and CMD of substations. IoT and digital twin applications are also highlighted in power electronic systems. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of applying IoT and digital twin technology to electrical power systems and provides recommendations for future research.
Vasicek and Van Es entropy‐based spectrum sensing for cognitive radios
Authors: Sarkar Sutapa , Muralishankar R. , Gurugopinath Sanjeev 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate detection of spectrum holes is a useful requirement for cognitive radios that improves the efficiency of spectrum usage. The authors propose three novel, simple, and entropy‐based detectors for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. The authors evaluate the probability of detection of these three detectors: Vasicek's entropy detector, truncated Vasicek's entropy detector, and Van Es' entropy detector, over a predefined probability of false‐alarm. In particular, the authors provide the approximate and asymptotic test statistics for these detectors in the presence and absence of Nakagami‐m fading, noise variance uncertainty, and optimised detection threshold. Furthermore, the authors provide a detailed comparison study among all the detectors via Monte Carlo simulations and justify authors results through real‐world data. The authors’ experimental results establish a superior performance of truncated Vasicek's entropy detector over Vasicek's entropy detector, energy detector, differential entropy detector and Van Es' entropy detector in practically viable scenarios.
Pyoderma gangraenosum als diagnostische und therapeutische interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Michel Daniel , Dege Tassilo , Kneitz Hermann , Stumpf Marco , Goebeler Matthias , Schmieder Astrid 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Pyoderma gangraenosum (PG) ist eine neutrophile Dermatose unklarer Genese, die sowohl in Assoziation zu hämatologischen und neoplastischen Systemerkrankungen, chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen und autoinflammatorischen Syndromen als auch idiopathisch auftreten kann. Sowohl die Diagnosestellung wie auch die Therapie des PG stellen aufgrund seiner Seltenheit, des Fehlens großer randomisierter kontrollierter Studien und der unzureichend verstandenen Pathogenese eine Herausforderung in der klinischen Praxis dar. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt und diskutiert aktuelle Erkenntnisse, die das PG als autoinflammatorische Erkrankung beschreiben. Durch eine Dysregulation von T-Lymphozyten und myeloiden Zellen wie den neutrophilen Granulozyten kommt es zur Entstehung von Pusteln und großflächigen Ulzera. Klassische Therapieansätze umfassen eine anti-inflammatorische topische Therapie, eine Analgesie sowie die systemische Gabe von Immunmodulantien oder -suppressiva. Neuere, bisher nicht zugelassene Therapieoptionen sind der Einsatz von Biologika und JAK-Inhibitoren.
Catherine the Great’s writings for children in transnational
context
Authors: Weld Sara Pankenier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When Russian Empress Catherine the Great
(1729–1796) wrote allegorical fairy tales and educational materials
for her grandsons, as well as an audience of Russian children, she
actively partook in transnational traditions, finding inspiration
and models in genres that fluidly crossed geographical boundaries in
the eighteenth century. Comparing Catherine’s writings for children
both nationally and transnationally with other mirrors for princes
intended to guide young rulers, allegorical fairy tales in exotic
settings, and broader enlightening projects of the time, reveals how
her works hybridise different genres and transnational sources of
inspiration to create something new and never seen before in Russia.
At the same time, the example of Catherine’s writings also
exemplifies how writings for a child become literature for
children.
From Michaelmas-Day to Thanksgiving
Authors: Wasowicz Laura 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the appropriation,
adaptation, and translation of the picturebook Grandmamma
Easy’s Michaelmas Day, or The Fate of Poor Molly
Goosey. Originally issued by London publisher Dean & Company c. 1843,
it was reprinted three years later in Philadelphia by George S.
Appleton. In about 1850, the text was Americanized and issued by
Boston publisher Wier & White under the title
Thanksgiving Day. Around 1870, New York
publisher D. Appleton & Company translated the picturebook into
Spanish and issued it as La Historia de La Gansa
Amorosa (The Story of the Loving Goose) for sale in an
emerging Hispanic book market, enlisting picturebook manufacturer
McLoughlin Brothers. Tracing the transnational, translingual history
of Molly, this study illuminates the use of recognized public
holidays to reach new markets.
The roles of stomatal morphologies in transpiration and nutrient transportation between grasses and forbs in a temperate steppe
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Li Hongbo , Zhang Wen-hao , Wang Baolan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Grasses and forbs are dominant functional groups in temperate grasslands and display substantial differences in many biological traits, especially in root and stomatal morphologies, which are closely related to the use of water and nutrients. However, few studies have investigated the differences in nutrient accumulation and stomatal morphology-mediated transportation of water and nutrients from roots to shoots comparatively between the two functional groups.

Methods
Here, we explored the patterns of accumulation of multiple nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in leaves and roots, transpiration-related processes and interactions between nutrients and transpiration at functional group levels by experiments in a temperate steppe and collection of data from the literature.

Key Results
The concentrations of all the examined nutrients were obviously higher in both leaves and roots of forbs than those in grasses, especially for leaf Ca and Mg concentrations. Grasses with dumbbell-shaped stomata displayed significantly lower transpiration and stomatal conductance than forbs with kidney-shaped stomata. In contrast, grasses showed much higher water-use efficiency (WUE) than forbs. The contrasting patterns of nutrient accumulation, transpiration and WUE between grasses and forbs were less sensitive to varied environments. Leaf N, P and S concentrations were not affected by transpiration. In contrast, leaf Mg concentrations were positively correlated with transpiration in forb species. Furthermore, linear regression and principal component analysis showed that leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were positively correlated with transpiration between the two functional groups.

Conclusions
Our results revealed contrasting differences in acquisition of multiple nutrients and transpiration between grasses and forbs, and that stomatal morphologies are an important driver for the distinct WUE and translocation of Ca and Mg from roots to leaves between the two functional groups in temperate steppes. These findings will contribute to our understanding of the important roles of functional traits in driving water and nutrient cycling.
Advances in understanding epigenetic regulation of plant trichome development: a comprehensive review
Authors: Dong Yuming , Li Sen , Wu Haoying , Gao Yiming , Feng Zhongxuan , Zhao Xi , Shan Li , Zhang Zhongren , Ren Huazhong , Liu Xingwang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant growth and development are controlled by a complex gene regulatory network, which is currently a focal point of research. It has been established that epigenetic factors play a crucial role in plant growth. Trichomes, specialized appendages that arise from epidermal cells, are of great significance in plant growth and development. As a model system for studying plant development, trichomes possess both commercial and research value. Epigenetic regulation has only recently been implicated in the development of trichomes in a limited number of studies, and microRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation appears to dominate in this context. In light of this, we have conducted a review that explores the interplay between epigenetic regulations and the formation of plant trichomes, building upon existing knowledge of hormones and transcription factors in trichome development. Through this review, we aim to deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying trichome formation and shed light on future avenues of research in the field of epigenetics as it pertains to epidermal hair growth.
Variegated Economies
Authors: Peck Jamie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The culmination of more than two decades of work on the spatiality of economic forms, worlds, and lives, Variegated Economies tackles the question of how to approach, conceptualize, and analyze economies as geographically differentiated and unevenly developed phenomena. Staged from the loosely bounded field known as economic geography, the book seeks to build bridges to complementary work in critical political economy and heterodox economic studies by way of a substantive theoretical and methodological program. Variegated Economies advances a series of arguments concerning the inherent—and highly consequential—spatiality of economic forms, worlds, and lives, engaging a range of issues from the diversity of capitalism(s) to the dynamics of late-stage neoliberalization, and from the problematic uneven geographical development to the challenges-cum-opportunities of conjunctural modes of analysis.
Relocating Variety
Authors: Peck Jamie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Drawing on collaborative work originally developed with Nik Theodore, this chapter is concerned with the comparative analysis of capitalism. It traces a course from the critical orthodoxy, established during the 1990s, to analyze capitalist “variety” through to a series of generative critiques of this varieties of capitalism school. The varieties approach is critiqued for its preoccupation with limited, formal registers of institutional variety, for its methodological nationalism, for its turn to rational-choice, firm-centric methods, and for its failure to account for the interdependent character of transnational, unevenly developed capitalism. The chapter culminates in a provisional specification of the emergent concept of variegated capitalism, which on the one hand can be considered immanent to the project of geographical political economy but on the other represents a challenge and prompt to a different kind of “macroeconomic geography.”
Arid Comparisons?
Authors: Peck Jamie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In dialogue with the approach outlined in the previous chapter, this chapter explores the methodological potential of substantivist economic geography by way of an engagement with the distinctive regional economy of the Pilbara in Western Australia. It reflects on the experience of taking Polanyi to the Pilbara, framed first and foremost as a methodological experiment. The chapter traces the often-destructive interaction between different modes, meanings, and manifestations of socioeconomic development in the Pilbara, beginning with the moment of Aboriginal dispossession through to the globalization of this resource-rich region. It also reflects on the contested and zigzagging course of labor relations in the region, the meaning and consequences of economic “modernization,” and some of the many open questions around the issue of Indigenous economic development. The chapter is concluded with a discussion of the potential of substantivist economic geographies, in this and other (regional) contexts.
After Variety
Authors: Peck Jamie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The goals of this chapter are primarily epistemological. It begins by re-engaging with some of the motivating themes of the book—the distinctive analytical perspective of geographical political economy, critiques of varieties-of-capitalism orthodoxies and ideal-typical reasoning, the challenge of working substantively, with and through sociospatial difference—in order to build a case for theorizing capitalist diversity through the lens of uneven and combined development. The concept of uneven development has a checkered history all of its own. Often deemed to be a source of unnecessary complications in the “non-spatial” social sciences, even the critical ones, uneven geographical development is a staple concern for economic geographers in general and geographical political economists in particular, yet even here it can sometimes assume taken-for-granted status. This chapter asks what it means to transcend the “background” status to which uneven and combined development is often assigned, engaging it instead in a more methodologically active manner, including the problematization of its often-silent c, combination.
Collective Life Stories
Authors: Trower Shelley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter moves beyond the duality of auto/biographical coauthorship to consider how an editor-author mediates multiple voices, including their orality, into a single written text. It focuses on how feminist oral historians and authors have brought together collections of voices, including middle- and working-class suffragettes, black and Asian women in Britain, Italian activists, and Soviet women in wartime, and considers the benefits and limitations of turning vernacular speech into relatively “standard” English. The chapter foregrounds the authorial control over these multiple voices, from decisions of selection and exclusion to how to juxtapose voices and how much of the orality to keep and strip out. It also discusses the use of autobiography to blend personal and collective experiences, and finally the form of polyphony, whereby the minimizing of any authorial presence helps to equalize multiple voices and give autonomy to a reader who interprets them.
The Selection Surface and Adaptive Landscape for a Single Trait
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Selection on a single trait can be visualized as a curve, the ISS, that relates trait values to fitness. The fundamental properties of this curve (slope and curvature) are intimately related to the changes in trait mean and variance that are induced by selection within a generation. For example, a steep selection curve dramatically shifts the mean. A ∩-shaped curve reduces trait variance within a generation. Although we generally will not know the shape of the ISS, we can deduce its properties and approximate its shape with various functions. To make predictions about how the trait will change from one generation to the next, we need a related curve, one that is averaged over the trait distribution. This curve is called the adaptive landscape.
Inheritance of Multiple Traits
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The G-matrix provides a useful way to model inheritance when multiple traits are affected by many genes and genetically coupled. The G-matrix is an m trait × m trait table with genetic variances on its main diagonal and genetic covariances elsewhere. The genetic covariance between two traits summarizes genetic connections arising from linkage disequilibrium and/or pleiotropy. Studies of multiple trait inheritance often reveal appreciable genetic correlations between traits, especially when those traits are size-related. The M-matrix summarizes the patterns of mutational effects on multiple traits. Just as covariances among relatives are the foundation for estimation of the G-matrix, the accumulation of mutations in inbred lines is the foundation for estimation of the M-matrix. Studies of G- and M-matrices suggest that these matrices have almost as many dimensions of variation as the number of characters included in the study. Consequently, these matrices are unlikely to constrain the course of evolution on long evolutionary timescales. The entire G-matrix, as well as its constituent genetic variances and covariances, can be visualized as achieving a stable balance between opposing forces. This stable equilibrium represents a compromise between alternative structures imposed by the processes of selection, mutation, recombination, and migration.
Evolution of Multiple Traits on a Stationary Adaptive Landscape
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The theoretical evolution of the multivariate trait mean has been most explored in the case of a hill-shaped adaptive landscape that has a consistent position, shape, and orientation. Under particular but general conditions, the mean tends to evolve uphill on this stationary landscape, towards the adaptive peak. When two or more traits are genetically correlated, the evolutionary path towards the peak is generally curved rather than straight. The big challenge is to develop generalizations about how multivariate evolution will proceed on different kinds of adaptive peaks. The effect of peak configuration on multivariate trait radiations has been explored by assuming that the peak is multivariate Gaussian. Theory is especially well developed for systems in which a single male trait (ornament) evolves in response to sexual selection exerted by a second, female trait (sexual preference). Under these conditions, the equilibrium of the bivariate mean may be a stable point, a line or an elliptical cycle. Unstable dynamics are also possible, but probably unlikely. Finite population size adds an element of uncertainty to the outcome, changing stable points into clouds, for example. Predictions from these models are consistent with important features of actual sexual radiations, but only a few discriminating, quantitative tests have been conducted.
Everyday Lookism
Authors: Mason Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the phenomenon of ‘everyday lookism’, that is, the ordinary practice of commenting upon and judging the appearance of others. It conceptualizes everyday lookism as a discriminatory practice, and then explores the ways in which it can be demeaning, or have unjust consequences, especially by being oppressive. Just as a work ethic can be oppressive in virtue of the combined costs of compliance and non-compliance, so too everyday lookism may be oppressive in virtue of being fuelled by demanding appearance norms the costs of failing to comply with which are high. Even if we exclude costs of compliance that are a product of a person’s reflective endorsement of the relevant norms, and costs of non-compliance that might reasonably be avoided by developing a thicker skin, the acts of discrimination involved in everyday lookism are often wrongful in virtue of contributing to the oppressiveness of the practice.
Dickens Contemplates Sledge Hammer Blows
Authors: Patten Robert L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDickens traveled to North America in 1841; when there he advocated for bi-national copyright agreements. That provoked outrage. On his return to Britain, he took up three burning issues. Copyright, though that faded when his fight in Chancery to quash a parody of A Christmas Carol cost so much money he concluded that he wouldn’t go to law again. On two other matters, he published scathing satirical essays about labor conditions in the mines and factories, and the quarreling of religious sects—Catholic, Church of England, dissenters—that prevented any policy for providing national education for children from being adopted by Parliament. Descriptions and illustrations of miners instance deplorable working conditions. If children are not educated and provided for, they could destroy the world. The analysis of Dickens’s struggles to make a difference on these issues constitutes a largely untold story of its own.