bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tensor imaging in characterization of cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ramadan Zainab A. , Razek Ahmed Abdel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
It is important to differentiate cervical lymph nodes. So, this study aims to assess the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in differentiating cervical lymphadenopathy (LNs).

Materials and methods
This retrospective study was done upon 100 patients with cervical LNs who had DTI over a year period. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and the mean diffusivity (MD) values of LNs were measured.

Results
This study was done upon 100 patients (the mean age 45 ± 2 years (standard deviation [SD]), 63 men). The mean MD and FA of the malignant LNs (0.83 ± 0.14 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.26 ± 0.07) were significantly different; (P = 0.001) than those of benign LNs (1.32 ± 0.33 × 10–3 mm2/s, 0.22 ± 0.09). MD of 0.94 × 10–3 mm2/s and FA of 0.21 were used to discriminate malignant and benign LNs, AUC 0.892 and 0.758, and 84% and 71% accuracy, respectively. Combined parameters revealed AUC of 0.914 and 81%. The mean MD and FA of the metastatic LNs (0.86 ± 0.12 × 10–3 mm2/s, 0.25 ± 0.07) were statistically different; (P = 0.001, 0.03) than those of lymphomatous nodes (0.66 ± 0.13 × 10–3 mm2/s, 0.28 ± 0.02). The AUC of the MD and FA used to distinguish metastatic from lymphomatous nodes was 0.82, 0.711, (0.71 × 10–3 mm2/s, 0.27) cutoff values, and 95.3%, 73.4% accuracy, respectively. Combined parameters revealed 0.824 AUC, 95.3% accuracy, 98.2% sensitivity, and 75% specificity. There was a significant statistical difference in MD between well-moderately (P = 0.001) versus poorly differentiated metastatic LNs and stages I and II (P = 0.018) versus stages III and IV of metastatic cervical LNs.

Conclusions
Combining FA and MD is a promising technique that can play a major role in distinguishing different categories of cervical LNs.
Social prescribing: an inadequate response to the degradation of social care in mental health
Authors: Poole Rob , Huxley Peter 
Published: August 2023

SummarySocial prescribing is poorly defined and there is little evidence for its effectiveness. It cannot address the social determinants of mental health and it is unlikely to produce enduring change for that part of the population that suffers the worst physical and mental health, namely the most deprived and marginalised. It has emerged at a time of growing health inequity. This has occurred alongside the neglect of social care and of the social aspects of mental health intervention. Social prescribing gives a false impression of addressing social factors, and as such is counterproductive. We can do better than this.
Histology-Based Prediction of Therapy Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Esophageal and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinomas Using Deep Learning
Authors: Hörst Fabian , Ting Saskia , Liffers Sven-Thorsten , Pomykala Kelsey L. , Steiger Katja , Albertsmeier Markus , Angele Martin K. , Lorenzen Sylvie , Quante Michael , Weichert Wilko , Egger Jan , Siveke Jens T. , Kleesiek Jens 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE Quantifying treatment response to gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas is crucial to provide an optimal therapeutic strategy. Routinely taken tissue samples provide an opportunity to enhance existing positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT)–based therapy response evaluation. Our objective was to investigate if deep learning (DL) algorithms are capable of predicting the therapy response of patients with GEJ adenocarcinoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the basis of histologic tissue samples. METHODS This diagnostic study recruited 67 patients with I-III GEJ adenocarcinoma from the multicentric nonrandomized MEMORI trial including three German university hospitals TUM (University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich), LMU (Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich), and UME (University Hospital Essen, Essen). All patients underwent baseline PET/CT scans and esophageal biopsy before and 14-21 days after treatment initiation. Treatment response was defined as a ≥35% decrease in SUVmax from baseline. Several DL algorithms were developed to predict PET/CT-based responders and nonresponders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using digitized histopathologic whole slide images (WSIs). RESULTS The resulting models were trained on TUM (n = 25 pretherapy, n = 47 on-therapy) patients and evaluated on our internal validation cohort from LMU and UME (n = 17 pretherapy, n = 15 on-therapy). Compared with multiple architectures, the best pretherapy network achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.00), an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.00), a balanced accuracy of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60 to 0.94), and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.88). The best on-therapy network achieves an AUROC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.00), an AUPRC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.00), a balanced accuracy of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.00), and a MCC of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.00). CONCLUSION Our results show that DL algorithms can predict treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using WSI with high accuracy even before therapy initiation, suggesting the presence of predictive morphologic tissue biomarkers.
Effect of intravenous thrombolysis combined with endovascular treatment on vascular recanalization rate and peak systolic velocity in patients with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zheng Bo , Yang Shu , Mou Xin , Zhang Xuan , Huang Huiyiing , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) on vascular recanalization rate and peak systolic velocity (PSV) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2021 in Chengdu First People’s Hospital. The clinical data of 96 patients with ACI were reviewed and the patients were assigned to either the control group (IVT alone, n=54) or the observation group (IVT+EVT, n=42). The vascular recanalization rate, PSV, neurological function, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were compared between groups.
Results: The vascular recanalization rate and PSV in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The NIHSS scores of the observation group at 24 hour, one week and one month after treatment were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The mRS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than the control group after treatment (P<0.05), while there was no difference in the incidence of MACE between groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: IVT combined with EVT can improve the vascular recanalization rate and PSV in patients with ACI, which is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7573
How to cite this: Zheng H, Zheng B, Yang S, Mou X, Zhang X, Huang H, et al. Effect of intravenous thrombolysis combined with endovascular treatment on vascular recanalization rate and peak systolic velocity in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7573
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Extensive Restorations of Arched Stone Bridges: the Examples of Plaka Bridge in Greece and Stari Most in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Tzoumas Vasileios 
Published: August 2023

In the last thirty years, Europe has experienced two major destructions of important monuments of its cultural heritage. They are both related to the collapse of stone-built, arched bridges, which were closely linked to the history and evolution of the bridging areas.
In 1993, the historic Mostar Bridge (Bosnia and Herzegovina), built in 1566 by the Ottoman architect Mimar Hajrudin, almost completely collapsed, bridging the Neretva River. The cause of the collapse was the relentless bombardement of Mostar during the Yugoslav war (1992-1995). In 2015, the entire central arch and almost 90% of the eastern pier of Plaka’s bridge in Tzoumerka collapsed, following extreme weather events and a rise in the level of the Arachthos River. The bridge was erected in 1866 by master builder Kostas Bekas. The restoration of these bridges were complex, high-tech projects, and posed great challenges, being global innovations.
This article gives a brief presentation of the two bridges, and analyzes the administrative and technical framework for their restoration. The purpose of this article is to compare and evaluate common and non-common features of the two projects, since the innovative ways of restoring them can be methodological models for the restoration of similar structures.
Polymorphism studies and candidate genes associated with litter size traits in Indonesian goats. a systematic review
Authors: Abuzahra Mutasem , Abu Eid Loay , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Mustofa Imam , Lamid Mirni , Rehman Saifur 
Published: August 2023

Background: Litter size (LS) is a significant, challenging, and economical aspect of the goat industry in Indonesia. It is influenced by several different factors and genes; consequently, identifying potential genes and loci associated with litter size has become a genetic problem. Several genetic indicators have been found to be associated with litter size in goats. This has prompted the need to discuss candidate genes associated with litter size in goats in Indonesia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using critical databases including ResearchGate, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google search engine and Science direct. There were any exclusion criteria, they were as follows: articles published in languages other than English, Conference papers, short communication papers and papers not related to animals. After reviewing the abstracts of 42 publications, the remaining 17 investigations were chosen for full paper evaluation. A further eight studies were removed after a comprehensive evaluation of the publications because they did not match our inclusion criteria. Results: These markers include growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IB (BMPR1B), and kisspeptin (KISS1). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in these genes contribute to the development of novel genetic markers that helps in the selection of goats with the most favorable genotypes for litter size. This type of genetic selection is more successful than the traditional way of selecting animals for reproductive traits, particularly litter size. Conclusions: As a result, this study summarizes the genetic impacts of polymorphisms in candidate genes associated with litter size features in Indonesian goats.
Prerequisites for the formation of the concept. Physical therapy of children in need of palliative care
Authors: Grygus Igor , Nahorna Olga 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the research is the scientific justification and development of a system of physical therapy for children who need palliative care. The methods of research in this case are empirical methods (description, comparison, measurement), the method of theoretical knowledge (axiomatic), general logical methods (analysis, synthesis), systematic approach.
The basis of providing palliative care involves a patient-centered approach of a multidisciplinary team, the composition of which is determined by the patient's needs, his age, and the severity of his condition. If we consider the rehabilitation support of children who need non-oncological palliative care within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, it can be stated that, having violations in the Body Structure and Functions component, they have significant limitations in the Activity-Participation component. Contextual factors – Environmental factors and Personal factors – play a significant role in the quality and effectiveness of rehabilitation. After the rehabilitation instrumental examination, the needs of the child and his family members, child-centered tasks are identified, and the goal of physical therapy is formed. The means of the rehabilitation program are therapeutic physical culture, massage, positioning, dance and movement therapy, photo therapy and art therapy using the «hand in hand» method; selection of technical means of movement, rehabilitation equipment for modification of the educational space. Therefore, the means of the physical therapy program will be directed to reducing the complication of the main disease, will help to form the household-educational-social organization of the space of children of this category, will contribute to the emotional and psychological stability of patients, their family members, and representatives of the interdisciplinary team.
The Hot Spot Coverage Patrol Problem: Formulations and Solution Approaches
Authors: Luo Yuchen , Golden Bruce , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2023

When designing a patrol route, it is often necessary to pay more attention to locations with high crime rates. In this paper, we study a patrol routing problem for a fleet of patrol cars patrolling a region with a high-crime neighborhood (HCN) consisting of multiple hot spots. Considering the disorder and chaos in the HCN, at least one patrol car is required in the HCN at any given time during the patrol. We call this routing problem the hot spot coverage patrol problem (HSCPP). In the HSCPP, the importance of a patrol location is quantified by a prize, and the prize is collected if a patrol car visits the location. Our objective is to maximize the sum of prizes collected by the patrol cars, obeying all operational requirements. We propose mathematical formulations and develop several solution approaches for the HSCPP. The global approach consists of finding the routing solution for all patrol cars with a single integer programming (IP) formulation. The partition approach involves first partitioning the region geographically and solving the routing problem in each subregion with two IP formulations. Next, we strengthen the partition approach by developing a column generation (CG) approach in which the initial columns of the CG approach are the solutions generated from the partition approach. We conduct a detailed computational case study using instances based on real crime data from Montgomery County, Maryland. To further understand the computational tractability of our solution approaches, we also perform a sensitivity analysis using synthetic instances under various scenarios. History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0192 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0192 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Extension of Additive Valuations to General Valuations on the Existence of EFX
Authors: Mahara Ryoga 
Published: August 2023

Envy freeness is one of the most widely studied notions in fair division. Because envy-free allocations do not always exist when items are indivisible, several relaxations have been considered. Among them, possibly the most compelling notion is envy freeness up to any item (EFX). Informally speaking, EFX requires that no agent i envies another agent j after the removal of any item in j’s bundle. The existence of EFX allocations is a major open problem. We study the existence of EFX allocations when agents have general valuations. For general valuations, it is known that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when n = 2 or (ii) when all agents have identical valuations, where n is the number of agents. It is also known that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 1 items unallocated. We develop new techniques and extend some results of additive valuations to general valuations on the existence of EFX allocations. We show that an EFX allocation always exists (i) when all agents have one of two general valuations or (ii) when the number of items is at most n + 3. We also show that an EFX allocation always exists when one can leave at most n − 2 items unallocated. In addition to the positive results, we construct an instance with n = 3, in which an existing approach does not work. Funding: This work was partially supported by Kyoto University and Toyota Motor Corporation [Joint Project “Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society”].
From Corridor to Network Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams: A Semi-Analytical Approximation Approach
Authors: Tilg Gabriel , Ambühl Lukas , Batista Sérgio F. A. , Menéndez Mónica , Leclercq Ludovic , Busch Fritz 
Published: August 2023

The design of network-wide traffic management schemes or transport policies for urban areas requires computationally efficient traffic models. The macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is a promising tool for such applications. Unfortunately, empirical MFDs are not always available, and semi-analytical estimation methods require a reduction of the network to a corridor that introduces substantial inaccuracies. We propose a semi-analytical methodology to estimate the MFD for realistic urban networks without the information loss induced by the reduction of networks to corridors. The methodology is based on the method of cuts but applies to networks with irregular topologies, accounts for different spatial demand patterns, and determines the upper bound of network flow. Therefore, we consider both flow conservation and the effects of spillbacks at the network level. Our framework decomposes a given network into a set of corridors, creates a hypernetwork, including the impacts of source terms, and then treats the dependencies across corridors (e.g., because of turning flows and spillbacks). Based on this hypernetwork, we derive the free-flow and capacity branch of the MFD. The congested branch is estimated by considering gridlock characteristics and utilizing recent advancements in MFD research. We showcase the applicability of the proposed methodology in a case study with a realistic setting based on the Sioux Falls network. We then compare the results to the original method of cuts and a ground truth derived from the cell transmission model. This comparison reveals that our method is more than five times more accurate than the state of the art in estimating the network-wide capacity and jam density. Moreover, the results clearly indicate the MFD’s dependency on spatial demand patterns. Compared with simulation-based MFD estimation approaches, the potential of the proposed framework lies in the modeling flexibility, explanatory value, and reduced computational cost. Funding: G. Tilg acknowledges support from the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport (BMDV) for the funding of the project LSS (capacity increase of urban networks). S. F. A. Batista and M. Menéndez acknowledge support from the NYUAD Center for Interacting Urban Networks (CITIES), funded by Tamkeen under the NYUAD Research Institute Award [CG001]. L. Ambühl acknowledges support from the ETH Research Grant [ETH-27 16-1] under the project name SPEED. L. Leclercq acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 646592 - MAGnUMproject]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0402 .
Prophylactic antibiotics for massive endoprostheses in orthopaedic oncology
Authors: Azamgarhi Tariq , Warren Simon , Fouch Sarah , Standing Joseph F. , Gerrand Craig 
Published: August 2023

The recently published Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens In Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial found no benefit in extending antibiotic prophylaxis from 24 hours to five days after endoprosthetic reconstruction for lower limb bone tumours. PARITY is the first randomized controlled trial in orthopaedic oncology and is a huge step forward in understanding antibiotic prophylaxis. However, significant gaps remain, including questions around antibiotic choice, particularly in the UK, where cephalosporins are avoided due to concerns of Clostridioides difficile infection. We present a review of the evidence for antibiotic choice, dosing, and timing, and a brief description of PARITY, its implication for practice, and the remaining gaps in our understanding.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):850–856.
The causality of physical activity status and intelligence: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Zhangmeng , Zhang Furong , Qiu Guorong , Shi Yushan , Yu Duoduo , Dai Guogang , Zhu Tianmin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundObservational studies suggest physical activity (PA) enhances intelligence, while sedentary behavior (SB) poses a risk. However, causality remains unclear.MethodsWe extracted genetic instruments from large genome-wide association studies summary data and employed an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach within a random-effects model as the primary method of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the overall effect of various physical activity statuses on intelligence. To assess IVW stability and MR sensitivity, we also utilized supplementary methods including weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Furthermore, multivariable MR analysis was conducted to examine the independent effects of each physical activity trait on intelligence.ResultsThe MR primary results indicated that LST was negatively associated with intelligence (β = -0.133, 95%CI: -0.177 to -0.090, p = 1.34×10–9), while SBW (β = 0.261, 95% CI: 0.059 to 0.463, p = 0.011) may have a positive effect on intelligence; however, MVPA and SC did not show significant effects on intelligence. Inverse causality analyses demonstrated intelligence significantly influenced all physical activity states.ConclusionsOur study highlights a bidirectional causal relationship between physical activity states and intelligence.
Black Panther: Interrogating a Cultural Phenomenon, Terence McSweeney (2021)
Authors: Lee Ethan 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Black Panther: Interrogating a Cultural Phenomenon, Terence McSweeney (2021)
Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 254 pp.,
ISBN: 9781496836090 (pbk), $20.00, ISBN: 9781496836083 (hbk), $99.00
The Stardom Film: Creating the Hollywood Fairy Tale, Karen McNally (2020)
Authors: Throneburg Tessa 
Published: August 2023

Review of: The Stardom Film: Creating the Hollywood Fairy Tale, Karen McNally (2020)
London: Wallflower Press, 160 pp.,
ISBN: 9780231184014 (pbk), $22.00, ISBN: 9780231851145 (ebk), $21.99
Icteric Variant of Stauffer Syndrome as a Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Type 1 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sorda Juan Antonio , Barreyro Fernando Javier , Rojas German , Greco Daniel Alejandro , Paes Andrea , Avagnina Alejandra , Daruich Jorge , Ballerga Esteban González 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Intrahepatic cholestasis as a paraneoplastic manifestation was first described by Dr. Maurice H. Stauffer in 1961. This paraneoplastic manifestation was primarily associated with renal cell carcinoma characterized by abnormal liver enzymes without hepatic metastasis. Stauffer syndrome is classified into 2 types: classical and jaundice variants. Indeed, the jaundice variant is extremely rare and only described in 13 published cases. We report a case of intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a type 1 papillary renal cell carcinoma with complete resolution after surgical treatment.