bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Venue-Based Method for Sampling Hard-to-Reach Populations
Authors: Muhib Farzana B. , Lin Lillian S. , Stueve Ann , Miller Robin L. , Ford Wesley L. , Johnson Wayne D. , Smith Philip J. ,   Community Intervention Trial for Youth Study Team
Published: July 2002

Constructing scientifically sound samples of hard-to-reach populations, also known as hidden populations, is a challenge for many research projects. Traditional sample survey methods, such as random sampling from telephone or mailing lists, can yield low numbers of eligible respondents while non-probability sampling introduces unknown biases. The authors describe a venue-based application of time-space sampling (TSS) that addresses the challenges of accessing hard-to-reach populations. The method entails identifying days and times when the target population gathers at specific venues, constructing a sampling frame of venue, day-time units (VDTs), randomly selecting and visiting VDTs (the primary sampling units), and systematically intercepting and collecting information from consenting members of the target population. This allows researchers to construct a sample with known properties, make statistical inference to the larger population of venue visitors, and theorize about the introduction of biases that may limit generalization of results to the target population. The authors describe their use of TSS in the ongoing Community Intervention Trial for Youth (CITY) project to generate a systematic sample of young men who have sex with men. The project is an ongoing community level HIV prevention intervention trial funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The TSS method is reproducible and can be adapted to hard-to-reach populations in other situations, environments, and cultures.
Design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (1954), Hiroshima, by Togo Murano (Part 1): A chronological overview of graphic materials and formal manipulations observed in early design schemes
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Tabata Chikako , Uchikawa Izumi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study sought to reconstruct the design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace and reveal the formal manipulations conducted by the architect under strategic design thinking. The study materials were the original design sketches and drawings at the Museum and Archives, Kyoto Institute of Technology. This study first conducted an overall survey of all the graphic materials and then outlined four distinctive parts in the cathedral's design process. It further analyzed the first part of the early design of the initial 6000 m2 property, which had grown to 10 000 m2. Based on the chronological order of sketches, transformability and formal manipulations through two successive studies were examined.
Dual‐energy CT‐based stopping power prediction for dental materials in particle therapy
Authors: Longarino Friderike K. , Herpel Christopher , Tessonnier Thomas , Mein Stewart , Ackermann Benjamin , Debus Jürgen , Schwindling Franz Sebastian , Stiller Wolfram , Mairani Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy with protons or light ions can offer accurate and precise treatment delivery. Accurate knowledge of the stopping power ratio (SPR) distribution of the tissues in the patient is crucial for improving dose prediction in patients during planning. However, materials of uncertain stoichiometric composition such as dental implant and restoration materials can substantially impair particle therapy treatment planning due to related SPR prediction uncertainties. This study investigated the impact of using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging for characterizing and compensating for commonly used dental implant and restoration materials during particle therapy treatment planning. Radiological material parameters of ten common dental materials were determined using two different DECT techniques: sequential acquisition CT (SACT) and dual‐layer spectral CT (DLCT). DECT‐based direct SPR predictions of dental materials via spectral image data were compared to conventional single‐energy CT (SECT)‐based SPR predictions obtained via indirect CT‐number‐to‐SPR conversion. DECT techniques were found overall to reduce uncertainty in SPR predictions in dental implant and restoration materials compared to SECT, although DECT methods showed limitations for materials containing elements of a high atomic number. To assess the influence on treatment planning, an anthropomorphic head phantom with a removable tooth containing lithium disilicate as a dental material was used. The results indicated that both DECT techniques predicted similar ranges for beams unobstructed by dental material in the head phantom. When ion beams passed through the lithium disilicate restoration, DLCT‐based SPR predictions using a projection‐based method showed better agreement with measured reference SPR values (range deviation: 0.2 mm) compared to SECT‐based predictions. DECT‐based SPR prediction may improve the management of certain non‐tissue dental implant and restoration materials and subsequently increase dose prediction accuracy.
A Floating Integrated Solar Micro‐Evaporator for Self‐Cleaning Desalination and Organic Degradation
Authors: Xia Qiancheng , Wang Chao , Xu Ning , Yang Jianghua , Gao Guandao , Ding Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSafe and clean freshwater harvesting from (organic‐containing) saline or wastewater holds great potential for mitigating water scarcity and pollution, but remains challenging. Herein, a floating photothermal/catalytic‐integrated interfacial micro‐evaporator (g‐C3N4@PANI/PS) is reported as a proof‐of‐concept multifunctional scavenger evaporator system (MSES) to achieve both solar‐driven complete desalination and organic degradation. The spherical porous lightweight polystyrene core, incorporated with a black surface functional layer (g‐C3N4@PANI), enables the hybrid micro‐evaporator to naturally float and thereby collectively self‐assemble under surface tension for interfacial evaporation, which achieves preeminent self‐cleaning for complete salt/solute separation and efficient organic photodegradation under rotation. Remarkably, the floating micro‐evaporator achieves a high solar‐vapor conversion efficiency of ≈90% with high interfacial energy localization and provides abundant active photocatalytic sites on the interface, which is further enhanced by interfacial photothermal cooperation. High photo‐driven degradation efficiencies of 99% for nonvolatile organic compounds (non‐VOC) bisphenol A and 95% for VOC phenol in wastewater are achieved. An outdoor comprehensive solar water treatment test toward organic‐containing high‐salinity sewage verifies the feasibility of MSES for sustainable freshwater harvesting (1.3 kg m−2 h−1), downstream salt recovery, and organic degradation. This strategy may inspire an integrated solution of water scarcity, clean energy, and environmental pollution toward carbon neutrality.
“Acrostic” Encryption: Stress‐Manipulation on Information Display
Authors: Bai Jing , Shi Zixing , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolymers are ideal materials for information printing and storage and encryption through multiple channels. In this study, the visible color, fluorescent, and stress‐color are combined to print information. Stress‐color is achieved using an acid‐tunable dynamic reaction between a β‐diketone and an amine group via the light‐induced transformation of spiropyran (SP), which also directly prints the visible color information. The color and fluorescent patterns are stable via the reaction between SP and amine released from a dynamic enaminone structure. By achieving the stress‐color information coding, the data is further encrypted in an “acrostic” form by programmatically coding the information at several stages. The pattern or information in stress‐color is closely related to the decoding strain, whereas the fluorescent and color patterns display all the information written in various strains. As a result, the secret information is hidden among public data, resulting in acrostic encryption.
175 Years of Bilirubin Testing: Ready for Point‐of‐Care?
Authors: Guirguis Natalie , Bertrand Antoine‐Xavier , Rose Christopher F. , Matoori Simon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBilirubin was first detected in blood in 1847 and since then has become one of the most widely used biomarkers for liver disease. Clinical routine bilirubin testing is performed at the hospital laboratory, and the gold standard colorimetric test is prone to interferences. The absence of a bedside test for bilirubin delays critical clinical decisions for patients with liver disease. This clinical care gap has motivated the development of a new generation of bioengineered point‐of‐care bilirubin assays. In this Perspective, recently developed bilirubin assays are critically discussed, and their translational potential evaluated.
A π‐Bridge Spacer Embedded Electron Donor–Acceptor Polymer for Flexible Electrochromic Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yun Tae Gwang , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Han Seul , Cheong Jun Young , Kim So Hyun , Kim Younghan , Lee Seonghun , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZinc–ion batteries (ZIBs) have drawn much attention for next‐generation energy storage for smart and wearable electronics due to their high theoretical gravimetric/volumetric energy capacities, safety from explosive hazards, and cost‐effectiveness. However, current state‐of‐the‐art ZIBs lack the energy capacity necessary to facilitate smart functionalities for intelligent electronics. In this work, a “π‐bridge spacer”‐embedded electron donor–acceptor polymer cathode combined with a Zn2+–ion‐conducting electrolyte is proposed for a smart and flexible ZIB to provide high electrochromic–electrochemical performances. The π‐bridge spacer endows the polymeric skeleton with improved physical ion accessibility and sensitive charge transfer through the cycles, providing extremely stable cyclability with high specific capacity (110 mAh g−1) at very fast rates (8 A g−1) and large coloration efficiency (79.8 cm2 C−1) under severe mechanical deformation over a long period. These results are markedly outstanding compared to the topological analogue without the π‐bridge spacer (80 mAh g−1 at current density of 8 A g−1, 63.0 cm2 C−1). The design to incorporate a π‐bridge spacer realizes notable electrochromism behaviors and high electrochemical performance, which sheds light on the rational development of multifunctional flexible‐ZIBs with color visualization properties for widespread usage in powering smart electronics.
Asymmetrically Coordinated Cu–N1C2 Single‐Atom Catalyst Immobilized on Ti3C2Tx MXene as Separator Coating for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gu Hongfei , Yue Wence , Hu Jingqi , Niu Xiangfu , Tang Hao , Qin Fengjuan , Li You , Yan Qing , Liu Xinman , Xu Wenjing , Sun Zhiyi , Liu Qingqing , Yan Wensheng , Zheng Lirong , Wang Yu , Wang Hua , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Liang , Xia Guangming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving great attention owing to their large theoretical energy density, but the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetic conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict their practical applications. Herein, various metal single‐atom catalysts immobilized on nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx (M SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx, M = Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, In, Sn, Pb, and Bi) are successfully prepared by a neoteric vacancy‐assisted strategy, applied as polypropylene (PP) separator coatings to facilitate the fast redox conversion and adsorption of LiPSs for boosting Li–S batteries. Of particular note, among the M SA/N‐Ti3C2Txs, Cu SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx/PP exhibits amazing properties, involving excellent rate performance (925 mAh g−1 at 3 C), superb cycling stability over 1000 cycles, and ultra‐high sulfur utilization even at large sulfur loadings (7.19 mg cm−2; an areal capacity of 5.28 mAh cm−2). X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the asymmetrically coordinated Cu–N1C2 moieties act as the active sites, which possess a higher binding energy and a larger electron cloud with LiPSs than pristine Ti3C2Tx, facilitating the adsorption and kinetic conversion of LiPSs effectively. This work may provide new insights into single atom‐decorated ultrathin 2D materials for enhancing electrochemical performance of advanced batteries for energy storage and conversion.
Patient‐specific cognitive profiles in the detection of dementia subtypes: A proposal
Authors: Mueller Jonathan , Cammermeyer Grethe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany physicians rely on sum score cognitive screening tests to evaluate patients for cognitive decline. Because the vast majority of cognitively impaired patients never receive more extensive testing, the results of these screening tests impact patients and their family members profoundly. No previous study has examined whether the metrics used by the popular Mini‐Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Saint Louis University Mental Status tests reliably identify single‐domain deficits or allow clinicians to adequately track disease progression. We compare side by side the metrics used by these three tests to highlight the differences in the ways they measure domain impairments. We then contrast the sum score approach to cognitive screening with brief domain‐specific tests that use extended metrics in each domain examined. Last, we suggest that moderate‐to‐severe domain‐specific deficits on these tests should lead physicians to anticipate specific functional problems and alert family members.
Radiolabeled AIE Probes as Dual‐modality Imaging Agents for PET/NIR‐II Fluorescence‐Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yu Kaiwu , Huang Haoying , Zhang Haoke , He Qinggang , Fu Zhurong , Zhang Hong , Zhang Qinghua , Mao Zhengwei , Tian Mei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBreast cancer has become a huge burden with continued rise of incidence and death rate worldwide. Various methods for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer have met the challenges of lack of complete information about the tumor location and limited therapy efficacy. Although aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have shown great promise for various cancer treatment applications, they may be incompetent for deep‐seated tumor diagnosis due to the limited penetration depth. Herein, we designed and prepared a radiolabeled AIEgen‐based organic photothermal agent for bimodal PET/fluorescence imaging‐guided breast tumor photothermal therapy. The prepared multifunctional nanoparticles (68Ga‐TPA‐TTINC NPs) with NIR‐II fluorescence, gamma irradiation and photothermal conversion property could be efficiently taken up by tumor cells and induce reactive oxygen species burst in vitro, further boosting the photothermal treatment of tumor in vivo. More importantly, the nanoprobe could target and clearly visualize 4T1 tumor xenografts through PET and NIR‐II fluorescence imaging with high tumor/muscle ratio up to 4.8, which provides a promising tool and solution for breast tumor theranostics.
High Initial Coulombic Efficiency Hard Carbon Anodes Enabled by Facile Surface Annealing Engineering
Authors: Deng Mingxia , Dong Wujie , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHard carbon (HC) anode shows great potential due to its high capacity and excellent rate performance. However, state‐of‐the‐art HC anode still suffers insufficient initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) due to the abundant Li‐trapping sites. Herein, we demonstrate a facile annealing engineering for HC anodes to improve the ICE and the mechanism is systematically studied. Accordingly, during the annealing process, metastable O‐ and N‐containing functional groups are pyrolyzed, which cause the microstructure reconstruction of HC. Therefore, irreversible lithium ions adsorption is reduced significantly and the conversion of sp3 to sp2 C contributes to the localized graphitization of HC. Consequently, the optimized HC achieves ultra‐high ICE of 90% from initial 61%. It is demonstrated that HC will adsorb H2O and some organic species from environment gradually, causing conversion of some electrochemical stable functional groups to the irreversible Li‐trapping sites. This work provides facile strategy and novel insight for high ICE HC anodes.
Seeing the limited coupling of starlight into single‐mode fiber with a small telescope
Authors: Sliski David H. , Blake Cullen H. , Eastman Jason D. , Halverson Samuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn optical fiber link to a telescope provides many advantages for spectrometers designed to detect and characterize extrasolar planets through precise radial velocity measurements. In the seeing‐limited regime, a multi‐mode fiber is typically used so that a significant amount of starlight may be captured. In the near‐diffraction‐limited case, either with an adaptive optics system or with a small telescope at an excellent site, efficiently coupling starlight into a much smaller, single‐mode fiber may be possible. In general, a spectrometer designed for single‐mode fiber input will be substantially less costly than one designed for multi‐mode fiber input. We describe the results of tests coupling starlight from a 70 cm telescope at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona into the single‐mode fiber of the MINERVA‐Red spectrometer at a wavelength of 850 nm using a low‐speed tip/tilt image stabilization system comprising all commercial, off‐the‐shelf components. We find that approximately 0.5 of the available starlight is coupled into the single‐mode fiber under seeing conditions typical for observatories hosting small telescopes, which is close to the theoretical expectation. We discuss scientific opportunities for small telescopes paired with inexpensive, high‐resolution spectrometers, as well as upgrade paths that should significantly increase the coupling efficiency for the MINERVA‐Red system.
PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of sensory interventions targeted at improving occupational outcomes, quality of life, well‐being and behavioural and psychological symptoms for older adults living with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tulliani Nikki , Mills Caroline , Collison Lily , Peel Nicole , Fahey Paul P. , Liu Karen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The primary objective is to systematically review the available evidence of the effects of sensory interventions on quality of life, well‐being, occupational participation, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of older adults living with dementia.
Resources efficient and cleaner production in the bentonite industry
Authors: Papuga Saša , Kotur Milovan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe concept of Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) focuses on a more cost‐effective production while effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution. This article presents the RECP methodology in the case of industrial production of the bentonite. Aspects of production and management to which it is possible to apply the specific methods, that is, RECP measures were analyzed. Mass and energy balance of the process as a whole were prepared and concrete measures were proposed. Applying the proposed measures increases the efficiency of the whole process. This is expressed as absolute and relative RECP Indicators. Relative indicators show an increase in energy productivity of 16.34%, an increase in materials and water productivity of 1.72%, and a decrease in the intensity of emissions of solid waste from 59.5%, carbon (CO2‐eq) of 7.78%, and wastewater of 1.69%. Expressed as absolute indicators, achieved benefits are: energy use reduction in the amount of 3,438,367.20 MJ/year, greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the amount of 167.04 t CO2 eq/year and reduction waste generation in the principal amount of 371.1 t/year.
Study on the operation strategies and carbon emission of heating systems in the context of building energy conservation
Authors: Teng Jiaying , Yin Hang , Wang Pengying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoal‐fired thermal power must be flexible to enable the grid absorption of inconsistent photovoltaic (PV) and wind power. Combined heat and power (CHP) coal‐fired plants are the primary source for district heating systems. This paper uses a 330 MW subcritical CHP unit as an example to carry out the study. With the promotion of building energy efficiency, when the thermal index is reduced to below 20 W/m2, the low‐load operation of CHP can meet the wind power and PV feed‐in demand and guarantee residential heating without the need for flexibility modification. Meanwhile, more renewable energy generation can reduce carbon emissions from the power supply, further contributing to reducing carbon emissions from buildings. The impacts of different envelope parameters and supplementary heat sources on building carbon emissions are also studied. The conclusion shows that the degree of their impact on carbon emissions ranks as ESMs (energy supply modes) > Factor D (infiltration N50) > Factor A (external wall heat transfer coefficient) > Factor C (window heat transfer coefficient) > Factor B (roof heat transfer coefficient). When the building's heating energy consumption gradually decreases, the distributed heat pump unit can replace the coal‐fired boiler to supply the peak heat load demand. In the future, China's district heating systems can be gradually changed from the current CHP and coal‐fired boilers to CHP and distributed heat pumps.
Physiological Impacts on Raphidocelis subcapitata in Response to Lithiated Cobalt Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Ostovich Eric , Henke Austin , Green Curtis , Laudadio Elizabeth , Spehlmann Max , Van Ee Nathan , Uertz Jamie , Hamers Robert , Klaper Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Complex metal oxide nanomaterials, like lithiated cobalt oxide (LCO) nanosheets, are among the most widespread classes of nanomaterials on the market. Their ubiquitous application in battery storage technology drives their production to rates of environmental significance without sufficient infrastructure for proper disposal/recycling, thus posing a risk to ecosystem health and sustainability. The present study assesses the general toxicological impacts of LCO when exposed to Raphidocelis subcapitata; physiological endpoints relating to growth and energy production are considered. Algal growth inhibition was significantly increased at concentrations as low as 0.1 µg ml−1, while exhibiting a median effect concentration of 0.057 µg ml−1. The average biovolume of cells was significantly enlarged at 0.01 µg ml−1, thus indicating increased instances of cell cycle arrest in LCO-treated cells. In addition, LCO-treated cells produced significantly less carbon biomass while significantly overproducing neutral lipid content starting at 0.1 µg ml−1, thus indicating interference with CO2 assimilation chemistry and/or carbon partitioning. However, the relative abundance of chlorophyll was significantly increased, likely to maximize light harvesting and compensate for photosynthetic interference. Cells that were treated with dissolved Li+/Co2+ ions did not significantly impact any of the endpoints tested, suggesting that LCO phytotoxicity is mainly induced through nano-specific mechanisms rather than ion-specific ones. These results indicate that this type of nanomaterial can significantly impact the way this alga proliferates, as well as the way it produces and stores its energy, even at lower, sublethal, concentrations. Furthermore, impairments to crucial cellular pathways, like carbon assimilation, could potentially cause implications at the ecosystem level. Thus, in future work, it will be important to characterize the molecular mechanisms of LCO at the nano–bio interface. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1451–1462. © 2023 SETAC