bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional obstetric simulation training improves postpartum haemorrhage management and decreases maternal morbidity: a before‐and‐after study
Authors: Lutgendorf Monica A. , Ennen Christopher S. , McGlynn Andrea , Spalding Carmen N. , Deering Shad , Delorey Donald R. , Greer Joy A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the impact of the Obstetric Simulation Training and Teamwork (OB‐STaT) curriculum on postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) rates and outcomes.DesignBefore‐and‐after study.SettingMaternity care hospitals within the USA.PopulationPatients who delivered between February 2018 and November 2019.MethodsInterprofessional obstetric teamwork training (OB‐STaT) conducted at each hospital. Electronic medical records for deliveries were reviewed for 6 months before and after conducting OB‐STaT at participating hospitals.Main outcome measuresThe PPH rate (blood loss of ≥1000 ml), uterotonic medications used, tranexamic acid use, blood product transfusion, hysterectomy, length of stay and composite maternal morbidity (postpartum haemorrhage, hysterectomy, transfusion of ≥4 units of blood products and intensive care unit admission for PPH).ResultsA total of 9980 deliveries were analysed: 5059 before and 4921 after OB‐STaT. The PPH rates did not change significantly (5.48% before vs 5.14% after, p = 0.46). Composite maternal morbidity decreased significantly by 1.1% (6.35%–5.28%, p = 0.03), massive transfusions decreased by 57% (0.42%–0.18%, p = 0.04) and the mean postpartum length of stay decreased from 2.05 days (1.05 days SD) to 2.01 days (0.91 days SD) (p = 0.04). Following OB‐STaT, haemorrhage medication use increased by 36% (14.8%–51.2%, p = 0.03), the use of tranexamic acid for PPH treatment almost doubled (2.7%–4.8%, p < 0.001) and the rate of hysterectomy significantly increased (0%–0.1%, p = 0.03).ConclusionsAlthough the PPH rates did not decrease, OB‐STaT significantly improved maternal morbidity, decreased massive transfusions, and improved PPH management by increasing the utilization of uterotonic medications, tranexamic acid and hysterectomy.
Special education documents and young children's right to be heard
Authors: Franck Karianne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article was to explore whether and how special education documents incorporate efforts to hear young children. The study is based on an in‐depth analysis of expert assessments and individual education plans (IEP) pertaining to 17 children enrolled in early education and care (ECEC) institutions in Norway. The documents are scrutinized for explicit attempts to hear young children, as well as in‐depth analysis of descriptions of children to see if the text convey efforts to include their perspectives. The findings reveal a clear absence of explicit attempts to listen to children during the assessment process. However, the assessments include information obtained from parents and ECEC regarding children's preferences and interests, suggesting an attempt to represent children's voices by proxy. Although the documents contain various descriptions of children's verbal and non‐verbal expressions, these descriptions primarily serve as illustrations of their challenges. The assessments portray children as individuals with difficulties, positioning them as mere ‘cases’. At the same time, recommendations and plans for support emphasize listening to children's voices. The findings of this study suggest a need to redefine special education documents in order to listen to children's views and to incorporate alternative understandings into the assessment process.
Determinants of fatigue in emergency department clinicians who wear personal protective equipment
Authors: Bodnar Daniel , Brown Nathan J , Mitchell Gary , Hughes James A , Lourensen Darren , Hawkins Tracey , Chu Kevin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the independent predictors for clinician fatigue and decline in cognitive function following a shift in the ED during early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a prospective, quasi‐experimental study conducted in a metropolitan adult tertiary‐referral hospital ED over 20 weeks in 2021. The participants were ED doctors and nurses working clinical shifts in an ED isolation area or high‐risk zone (HRZ) with stringent personal protective equipment (PPE). The participants' objective and subjective fatigue was measured by the Samn–Perelli fatigue score and a psychomotor vigilance ‘smart game’ score, respectively. Postural signs/symptoms and urine specific gravity (SG) were measured as markers of dehydration.ResultsSixty‐three participants provided data for 263 shifts. Median (interquartile range) age was 33 (28–38) years, 73% were female. Worsening fatigue score was associated with working afternoon shifts (afternoon vs day, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.16 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–20.02]) and in non‐HRZ locations (HRZ vs non‐HRZ, aOR 0.23 [95% CI 0.06–0.87]). Worsening cognitive function (game score) was associated with new onset postural symptoms (new vs no symptoms, aOR 4.14 [95% CI 1.34–12.51]) and afternoon shifts (afternoon vs day, aOR 3.13 [95% CI 1.16–8.44]). Working in the HRZ was not associated with declining cognitive function. Thirty‐four (37%) of the 92 participants had an end of shift urine SG >1.030.ConclusionWorking afternoon shifts was associated with fatigue. There was no association between HRZ allocation and fatigue, but our study was limited by a low COVID workload and fluctuating PPE requirements in the non‐HRZs. Workplace interventions that target the prevention of fatigue in ED clinicians working afternoon shifts should be prioritised.
Modeling the antimicrobial effects of olive mill waste extract, rich in hydroxytyrosol, on the growth of lactic acid bacteria using response surface methodology
Authors: Caballero‐Guerrero Belén , Garrido‐Fernández Antonio , Fermoso Fernando G. , Fernández‐Prior María África , Cubero‐Cardoso Juan , Reinhard Claudio , Nyström Laura , Benítez‐Cabello Antonio , López‐García Elio , Arroyo‐López Francisco Noé 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess the inhibitory effects of an aqueous extract from olive oil mill waste (alperujo) on the growth of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cocktail consisting of various strains of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species. For this purpose, response surface methodology was employed using two independent variables (pH levels 3.5–5.55; hydroxytyrosol concentration ranging from 0.93–2990 ppm). The response variable was the average inhibition per treatment on the LAB cocktail (expressed as a percentage). The developed model identified significant terms, including the linear effect of hydroxytyrosol and pH, their interaction, and the quadratic effect of pH. Maximum inhibition of the LAB cocktail was observed at progressively higher concentrations of hydroxytyrosol and lower pH values. Therefore, complete inhibition of LAB in the synthetic culture medium could only be achieved for concentrations of 2984 ppm hydroxytyrosol at a pH of 3.95. These findings suggest that extracts derived from “alperujo” could be utilized as a natural preservative in acidified foods with a bitter flavor and antioxidant requirements.
Improving climate and biodiversity outcomes through restoration of forest integrity
Authors: Rayden Tim , Jones Kendall R. , Austin Kemen , Radachowsky Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTargeting degraded areas in forested landscapes for restoration could deliver rapid climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation, improve resilience of forested lands to future climate change, and potentially reduce the trade‐offs between nature recovery and agriculture. Although the importance of forest restoration for climate mitigation is acknowledged, current estimates of its climate mitigation potential may be underestimated because they focus predominantly on reforesting cleared areas. We built on recent analyses of forest integrity and unrealized forest biomass potential to examine the potential for restoring the integrity of degraded forests. There are over 1.5 billion ha of forests worldwide that retain 50–80% of their potential biomass. Prioritizing restoration in these areas could deliver rapid biodiversity and climate mitigation benefits, relative to restoring forest on cleared land. We applied a spatial planning approach to demonstrate how restoration interventions can be targeted to support the conservation of high‐integrity forest, a potential pathway to the delivery of the 30×30 goal of the Convention on Biodiversity's Global Biodiversity Framework.
NTRK expression is common in xanthogranuloma and is associated with the solitary variant
Authors: Umphress B. , Kuhar M. , Kowal R. , Alomari A. K. , Baldridge L. A. , Ross A. J. , Warren S. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreviously identified mutually‐exclusive driver genes in juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and adult xanthogranuloma (AXG) include mutations in MAP kinase pathway genes such as MAP2K1, BRAF, ARAF, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CD as well as fusions in BRAF and ALK, with a subset of cases with no identified driver yet. NTRK fusion has been identified in rare cases.MethodsWe identified two consecutive index cases of localized JXG or AXG with NTRK1 fusion by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and confirmed by pan‐NTRK immunostain. We expanded the study to a total of 50 cases of JXG and AXG using screening by pan‐NTRK immunostain. We confirmed the specificity of our approach with negative results in 5 cases of histiocytic neoplasia lacking an NTRK fusion by NGS and 14 cases of non‐neoplastic histiocytic disease.ResultsWe found 23 cases of JXG or AXG with overexpression of NTRK by immunostain, and these cases were restricted to localized disease (23 of 43 cases, 53.5%) rather than disseminated disease (zero of seven cases).ConclusionsNTRK expression is common in JXG or AXG and associated with localized rather than disseminated disease. We speculate that the potential importance of this in JXG and AXG has not been previously appreciated due to the tendency to focus sequencing studies on disseminated disease. We confirm the presence of an NTRK1 fusion in two positive cases by NGS, however, additional genetic studies are necessary to further explore this.
Comparative efficacy of different reconstruction methods after wide local excision of the nail unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Fang , Jiang Jia‐yi , Huang Shu‐dai , Liu Meng‐xi , Wang Xiao‐qing , Wong Hoi Shiwn , Wang Da‐guang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWide local excision (WLE) of the nail unit is widely used in treating in situ and minimally invasive malignant subungual tumours. After WLE, diverse reconstruction methods have been reported. However, the best repair method has yet to be determined.ObjectiveTo compare the repair effects and postoperative morbidity of secondary intention healing (SIH), artificial dermis grafting combined with secondary intention healing (ADGSIH) and full‐thickness skin grafting (FSG) after WLE of the nail unit.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who underwent WLE of the nail unit. The re‐epithelializing time, functional and cosmetic outcomes, postoperative complications and patients' satisfaction were assessed from the follow‐up records.ResultsThe FSG group showed more rapid healing and better functional and cosmetic outcomes than the SIH and ADGSIH groups. The ADGSIH and FSG groups showed significant pain relief compared to the SIH group. No serious early and late postoperative complications were reported. The median follow‐up period was 26 months, and no recurrence was observed. All patients were satisfied with the treatment.ConclusionsFSG after the WLE of the nail unit is a therapeutic option with convenient application, significant pain relief, rapid recovery and satisfying functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Applying Average Real Variability to Quantifying Day–Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Postures Variability: A Comparison With Standard Deviation
Authors: Shivgulam Madeline E. , O’Brien Myles W. 
Published: August 2023

Intraindividual activity variability is often overlooked, with some existing work using SD as a variability metric. However, average real variability (ARV) may be a more suitable metric as it accounts for temporal variability. The purpose of this exploratory study was to (a) apply ARV analyses to habitual activity outcomes; (b) assess the agreement between ARV and SD for habitual step counts, standing time, and sedentary time; and (c) determine the relationship between activity variability (SD and ARV) with average activity values. One hundred and eighty-nine participants (37 ± 22 years, 109 females) wore the activPAL inclinometer on their thigh 24 hr/day for 6.4 ± 0.9 days. SD and ARV were calculated for each participant across their wear time. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that ARV was significantly higher than SD for step count, standing time, and sedentary time (all, p < .001). Equivalence testing demonstrated mixed equivalence for step counts (10%), standing time (12%), and sedentary time (14%). SD and ARV were highly correlated to each other for all activity metrics (all, ρ > .857, p < .001). SD was moderately (ρ = .601, p < .001) and weakly (ρ = .296, p < .001) correlated with average step count and standing time, respectively. ARV was weakly correlated with average step count and standing time (both: ρ < .499, p < .001). However, average sedentary time was not associated with SD or ARV (both, p > .177). While the two measurements of variability were strongly correlated, they cannot be used interchangeably. More monitoring research should consider intraindividual activity variability and use methods, such as ARV, that consider the temporal nature of day–day activity.
Activity Behaviors Before and During Pregnancy Are Associated With Women’s Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Later Parenthood: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R. , Baird Janis , Crozier Sarah R. , Godfrey Keith M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Cooper Cyrus , van Sluijs Esther M.F. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To explore how activity behaviors before/during pregnancy relate to those in later parenthood, we assessed associations between sitting and moderate-/strenuous exercise before/during pregnancy, and sedentary time (SED) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 4–7 years postpartum (“later parenthood”). Methods: Longitudinal data were from the Southampton Women’s Survey, United Kingdom. Women reported time spent sitting (in hours per day), in moderate-strenuous exercise (hours per week), and in strenuous exercise (hours per week) at 3 time points before/during pregnancy (ie, preconception, at ∼12-wk and ∼34-wk gestation). From this, we derived 3 behavior trajectories for each woman. In later parenthood, women wore an accelerometer for ≤7 days (mean: 5.4 [SD: 1.8] d), which we used to derive 2 outcomes: minutes per day SED and in MVPA. Multilevel linear regression was used to explore associations between trajectories before/during pregnancy and device-measured SED/MVPA in later parenthood. Results: A total of 780 women provided valid data before/during pregnancy and in later parenthood. Consistent high sitters (vs low) were more sedentary 4–7 years postpartum (β = 39.5 min/d [95% confidence interval, 23.26 to 55.82]), as were women in groups who sat more in later pregnancy. Consistently high moderate/-strenuous exercisers (vs low) were 22% (95% confidence interval, 2%–47%) more active in later parenthood; those engaging in strenuous activity preconception tended to have higher MVPA as parents. Conclusions: Trajectories of sitting and exercise before/during pregnancy are associated with SED and MVPA, respectively, in later parenthood. Interventions to reduce sitting in pregnancy and to encourage higher intensity activity preconception may benefit maternal and child health.
Vibrio cholerae
phage ICP3 requires O1 antigen for infection
Authors: Beckman Drew A. , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

In its natural aquatic environment, the bacterial pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
, the causative agent of the enteric disease cholera, is in constant competition with bacterial viruses known as phages. Following ICP3 infection,
V. cholerae
cultures that exhibited phage killing always recovered overnight, and clones isolated from these regrowth populations exhibited complete resistance to subsequent infections. Whole-genome sequencing of these resistant mutants revealed seven distinct mutations in genes encoding for enzymes involved in O1 antigen biosynthesis, demonstrating that the O1 antigen is a previously uncharacterized putative receptor of ICP3. To further elucidate the specificity of the resistance conferred by these mutations, they were challenged with the
V. cholerae
-specific phages ICP1 and ICP2. All seven O1 antigen mutants demonstrated pan-resistance to ICP1 but not ICP2, which utilizes the OmpU outer membrane protein as a receptor. We show that resistant mutations to ICP1 and ICP3 evolve at a significantly higher frequency than ICP2, but these mutations have a significant fitness tradeoff to
V. cholerae
and are unable to evolve in the presence of an antimicrobial that mimics host cell defensins.
Rosmarinic acid alleviates intestinal inflammatory damage and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and smooth muscle contraction abnormalities in intestinal tissues by regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Li Kan , Wu Jiawei , Xu Shuang , Li Xueying , Zhang Yanhe , Gao Xue-jiao 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

The host–bacterial interactions play the key role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora can lead to pathological changes in the intestine. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic acid compound with antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-bacterial activities that has a palliative effect on acute IBD. We have established an
in vivo
model for mice. Histological staining was performed to directly observe RA alterations in the intestinal tract. The alteration of RA on mouse intestinal flora was observed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and the effect of RA on intestinal mechanism of action was detected by qPCR and western blot. The results showed that RA had a significant protective effect on the intestine. RA upregulated the abundance of
Lactobacillus johnsonii
and
Candidatus Arthromitus sp SFB-mouse-NL
and downregulated the abundance of
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
,
Escherichia coli,
and
Romboutsia ilealis
. RA downregulated the expressions of ROCK, RhoA, CaM, MLC, MLCK, ZEB1, ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, E-cadherin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, GRP78, PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, Caspase12, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Cytc, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and upregulated the expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2. These results displayed that RA inhibited the inflammation, which is caused by tight junction damage, by repairing intestinal flora dysbiosis, relieved endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibited cell death, and corrected smooth muscle contractile dysregulation. The results of this study revealed RA could have a protective effect on the small intestine of mice by regulating intestinal flora.

IMPORTANCE
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, remitting disorder of the gastrointestinal system. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of rosmarinic acid on the intestinal tract. The results showed that RA was effective in reducing inflammatory damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, smooth muscle contraction abnormalities, and regulating intestinal flora disorders.
Aircraft Collisions with Birds (Orders Falconiformes and Accipitriformes)
Authors: Silaeva O. L. , Pedenko A. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Statistical data on aircraft collisions with birds of prey (Falconiformes and Accipitriformes) are analyzed. The basis of the analysis was the results of study at the Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPEE RAS). The reasons and factors attracting birds of prey to airfields are considered. In the period from 2005 to 2022, seven species of birds of prey involved in 29 collisions with aircraft were identified. The largest number of birdstrikes occur with the Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus and the common buzzard Common Buzzard Buteo buteo. Most collisions occur at the airport or in its vicinity; strikes occur 4.3 times more often during take-off than during landing. Primarily the engine or wing structure is damaged by collisions with raptor birds. Recommendations are given to control bird behavior to minimize strikes with birds of prey at the airfield.
Are the deprescribing guidelines for proton pump inhibitors in palliative care applicable? A monocentric observational study
Authors: Evin Adrien , Denis Claire , Nizet Pierre , Denis Roxane , Lannes Morgane , Victorri-Vigneau Caroline , Huon Jean Francois 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications. The aim of this study was to assess the appropriateness of prescribing PPIs in the palliative care unit on admission and during hospitalisation to determine the applicability of deprescribing recommendations.MethodsA monocentric observational study was conducted over a 6-month period in 2020 in a university palliative care unit. Data on indication, starting date, dose and posology were collected at discharge from the medical record and by contacting the prescriber. A physician and a pharmacist evaluated PPI prescription appropriateness according to guidelines.Results131 patients (mean age: 69.5 years; 82% with cancer) were included. Prior to admission, 41% (54/131) of patients were already prescribed PPIs. During hospitalisation, 50% of prescriptions were discontinued, while 12% were initiated. The indication was known for 50% of patients on admission and 59% during their stay. Among patients with PPI prescriptions, 56% had a relevant indication on admission, and 63% during their stay. The prevalence of potential drug interactions was low (<1/10).ConclusionsWhile PPIs remain essential for specific indications, this study highlights their excessive prescription even during palliative care. Implementing deprescribing recommendations in this population is crucial to optimise treatment plans.
The beryllium atom, ions, and iso-electronic ions in magnetic field using the variational Monte Carlo method
Authors: Doma S. B. , Roston G. D. , Ahmed M. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe variational Monte Carlo method is applied to investigate several properties of the beryllium atom, ions, and its iso-electronic ions. For the ground and the excited states of the beryllium atom and ions, the energy eigenvalues were evaluated freely and under the influence of magnetic field. Furthermore, the iso-electronic ions (B+ and C2+) are also investigated under the influence of the external magnetic field. Suitable trial wave functions including the spin and the correlated parts are used in these investigation. Some new excited states were included in the present work, such as the low-lying states (1s22s3s and 1s22s3p) and the core states (1s2s23s and 1s2s3s2). For the spin functions of these states, we used two different functions for the singlet and the triplet excited states. Moreover, the energies of the beryllium ions (Be+ and Be2+) were evaluated freely and in the presence of magnetic field. The obtained results are in good agreement with the corresponding results of other works.
Graphical abstract