bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 variant contributes to anatomical variations in mice
Authors: Agata Ako , Ohtsuka Satoshi , Noji Ryota , Gotoh Hitoshi , Ono Katsuhiko , Nomura Tadashi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChanges in genomic structures underlie phenotypic diversification in organisms. Amino acid-changing mutations affect pleiotropic functions of proteins, although little is known about how mutated proteins are adapted in existing developmental programs. Here we investigate the biological effects of a variant of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3R1537C) carried in Neanderthals and Denisovans, which are extinct hominins close to modern humans. R1537C does not compromise protein stability or GLI3 activator-dependent transcriptional activities. In contrast, R1537C affects the regulation of downstream target genes associated with developmental processes. Furthermore, genome-edited mice carrying the Neanderthal/Denisovan GLI3 mutation exhibited various alterations in skeletal morphology. Our data suggest that an extinct hominin-type GLI3 contributes to species-specific anatomical variations, which were tolerated by relaxed constraint in developmental programs during human evolution.
Several independent adaptations of archaea to hypersaline environments
Authors: Baker Brittany A. , Gutiérrez-Preciado Ana , Rodríguez del Río Álvaro , McCarthy Charley G. P. , López-García Purificación , Huerta-Cepas Jaime , Susko Edward , Roger Andrew J. , Eme Laura , Moreira David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSeveral archaeal lineages thrive in high, saturating salt concentrations. These extremely halophilic archaea, including Halobacteria, Nanohaloarchaeota, Methanonatronarchaeia, and Haloplasmatales, must maintain osmotic equilibrium with their environment. For this, they use a ‘salt-in’ strategy, which involves pumping molar concentrations of potassium into the cells, which, in turn, has led to extensive proteome-wide modifications to prevent protein aggregation. However, the evolutionary history underlying these adaptations remains poorly understood. In particular, the number of times that these dramatic proteome-sweeping changes occurred is unclear due to the conflicting phylogenetic positions found for several of these lineages. Here, we present a resolved phylogeny of extremely halophilic archaea obtained using improved taxon sampling and state-of-the-art phylogenetic approaches designed to cope with the strong compositional biases of their proteomes. We describe two new uncultured lineages, Afararchaeaceae and Asboarchaeaceae, which break the long branches at the base of Haloarchaea and Nanohaloarchaeota, respectively. Our extensive phylogenomic analyses show that at least four independent adaptations to extreme halophily occurred during archaeal evolution. Finally, gene-tree/species-tree reconciliation suggests that gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer played an important role in this process, for example, by spreading key genes (such as those encoding potassium transporters) across the various extremely halophilic lineages.
Non-destructive real-time monitoring of underground root development with distributed fiber optic sensing
Authors: Tei Mika , Soma Fumiyuki , Barbieri Ettore , Uga Yusaku , Kawahito Yosuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCrop genetic engineering for better root systems can offer practical solutions for food security and carbon sequestration; however, soil layers prevent direct visualization. Here, we demonstrate an original device with a distributed fiber-optic sensor for fully automated, real-time monitoring of underground root development. We demonstrate that spatially encoding an optical fiber with a flexible and durable polymer film in a spiral pattern can significantly enhance sensor detection. After signal processing, the resulting device can detect the penetration of a submillimeter-diameter object in the soil, indicating more than a magnitude higher spatiotemporal resolution than previously reported with underground monitoring techniques. We also developed computational models to visualize the roots of root crops and monocotyledons, and then applied them to radish and rice to compare the results with those of X-ray computed tomography. The device’s groundbreaking sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution enable seamless and laborless phenotyping of root systems that are otherwise invisible underground.
Crowder titrations enable the quantification of driving forces for macromolecular phase separation
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Bremer Anne , Dar Furqan , Mittag Tanja , Pappu Rohit V. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTMacromolecular solubility is an important contributor to the driving forces for phase separation. Formally, the driving forces in a binary mixture comprising a macromolecule dissolved in a solvent can be quantified in terms of the saturation concentration, which is the threshold macromolecular concentration above which the mixture separates into coexisting dense and dilute phases. Additionally, the second virial coefficient, which measures the effective strength of solvent-mediated intermolecular interactions provides direct assessments of solvent quality. The sign and magnitude of second virial coefficients will be governed by a combination of solution conditions and the nature of the macromolecule of interest. Here, we show, using a combination of theory, simulation, andin vitroexperiments, that titrations of crowders, providing they are true depletants, can be used to extract the intrinsic driving forces for macromolecular phase separation. This refers to saturation concentrations in the absence of crowders and the second virial coefficients that quantify the magnitude of the incompatibility between macromolecules and the solvent. Our results show how the depletion-mediated attractions afforded by crowders can be leveraged to obtain comparative assessments of macromolecule-specific, intrinsic driving forces for phase separation.SIGNIFICANCEPhase separation has emerged as a process of significant relevance to sorting macromolecules into distinct compartments, thereby enabling spatial and temporal control over cellular matter. Considerable effort is being invested into uncovering the driving forces that enable the separation of macromolecular solutions into coexisting phases. At its heart, this process is governed by the balance of macromolecule-solvent, inter-macromolecule, and solvent-solvent interactions. We show that the driving forces for phase separation, including the coefficients that measure interaction strengths between macromolecules, can be extracted by titrating the concentrations of crowders that enable macromolecules to phase separate at lower concentrations. Our work paves the way to leverage specific categories of measurements for quantitative characterizations of driving forces for phase separation.
Microenvironmental Stiffness Induces Metabolic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sohrabi Alireza , Lefebvre Austin E. Y. T , Harrison Mollie J. , Condro Michael C. , Sanazzaro Talia M. , Safarians Gevick , Solomon Itay , Bastola Soniya , Kordbacheh Shadi , Toh Nadia , Kornblum Harley I. , Digman Michelle A. , Seidlits Stephanie K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties of solid tumors influence tumor cell phenotype and ability to invade into surrounding tissues. Using bioengineered scaffolds to provide a matrix microenvironment for patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids, this study demonstrates that a soft, brain-like matrix induces GBM cells to shift to a glycolysis-weighted metabolic state which supports invasive behavior. We first show that orthotopic murine GBM tumors are stiffer than peri-tumoral brain tissues, but tumor stiffness is heterogenous where tumor edges are softer than the tumor core. Then, we developed three-dimensional scaffolds with µ-compressive moduli resembling either stiffer, tumor core or softer, peri-tumoral brain tissue. We demonstrate that the softer matrix microenvironment induces a shift in GBM cell metabolism toward glycolysis which manifests in lower proliferation rate and increased migration activities. Finally, we show that these mechanical cues are transduced from the matrix via CD44 and integrin receptors to induce metabolic and phenotypic changes in cancer cells.
Gain-probability diagrams as an alternative to significance testing in economics and finance
Authors: Trafimow David , Wang Ziyuan , Tong Tingting , Wang Tonghui 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to show the gains that can be made if researchers were to use gain-probability (G-P) diagrams. Design/methodology/approachThe authors present relevant mathematical equations, invented examples and real data examples.FindingsG-P diagrams provide a more nuanced understanding of the data than typical summary statistics, effect sizes or significance tests.Practical implicationsGain-probability diagrams provided a much better basis for making decisions than typical summary statistics, effect sizes or significance tests.Originality/valueG-P diagrams provide a completely new way to traverse the distance from data to decision-making implications.
Readability of auditor reports: does audit market competition matter? Empirical evidence from Iran
Authors: Rajabalizadeh Javad 
Published: July 2023

PurposeWhile existing research explores the impact of audit market competition on audit fees and audit quality, there is limited investigation into how competition in the audit market influences auditors' writing style. This study examines the relationship between audit market competition and the readability of audit reports in Iran, where competition is particularly intense, especially among private audit firms.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprises 1,050 firm-year observations in Iran from 2012 to 2018. Readability measures, including the Fog index, Flesch-Reading-Ease (FRE) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), are employed to assess the readability of auditors' reports. The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) is utilized to measure audit market competition, with lower index values indicating higher auditor competition. The concentration measure is multiplied by −1 to obtain the competition measure (AudComp). Alternative readability measures, such as the Flesch–Kincaid (FK) and Automated Readability Index (ARI) are used in additional robustness tests. Data on textual features of audit reports, auditor characteristics and other control variables are manually collected from annual reports of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).FindingsThe regression analysis results indicate a significant and positive association between audit market competition and audit report readability. Furthermore, a stronger positive and significant association is observed among private audit firms, where competition is more intense compared to state audit firms. These findings remain robust when using alternative readability measures and other sensitivity checks. Additional analysis reveals that the positive effect of competition on audit report readability is more pronounced in situations where the auditor remains unchanged and the audit market size is small.Originality/valueThis paper expands the existing literature by examining the impact of audit market competition on audit report readability. It focuses on a unique audit market (Iran), where competition among audit firms is more intense than in developed countries due to the liberalization of the Iranian audit market in 2001 and the establishment of numerous private audit firms.
Sustailient supplier selection using neutrosophic best–worst approach: a case study of additively manufactured trinkets
Authors: Ambilkar Priya , Verma Priyanka , Das Debabrata 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis research work has developed an integrated fuzzy Delphi and neutrosophic best–worst framework for selecting the sustailient (sustainable and resilient) supplier for an additive manufacturing (AM)-enabled industry.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and neutrosophic best–worst method (N-BWM) approach is developed. 34 supplier evaluation criteria falling under 4 groups, that is, traditional, sustainable, resilient, and AM specific, are identified and validated using the FDM. Afterward, the weights of each criterion are measured by N-BWM. Later on, the performance evaluation is carried out to determine the best-suited supplier. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed to know the stability and robustness of the proposed framework.FindingsThe outcome indicates the high performance of the suggested decision-making framework. The analysis reveals that supplier 4 (S4) is selected as the most appropriate for a given firm based on the FDM and N-BWM method.Research limitations/implicationsThe applicability of this framework is demonstrated through an industrial case of a 3D-printed trinket manufacturer. The proposed research helps AM decision-makers better understand resiliency, sustainability, and AM-related attributes. With this, the practitioners working in AM business can prioritize the supplier selection criteria.Originality/valueThis is the primitive study to undertake the most critical aspect of supplier selection for AM-enabled firms. Apart from this, an integrated FDM-N-BWM framework is a novel contribution to the literature on supplier selection.
Effects of contractual completeness on opportunistic behaviors, multilevel transaction costs and relationship termination intention: the moderating effect of alternative attractiveness
Authors: Yi Ho-Taek , Lee Minkyung , Amenuvor Fortune Edem 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study which is positioned in the ambit of control research investigates the impact of ex ante contractual completeness on opportunistic behaviors and ex post transaction costs, while assessing how these affect relationship termination intention. This study aims to examine alternative attractiveness as a necessary moderator of the nexus between transaction cost and relationship termination intention.

Design/methodology/approach
Data gathered from 211 companies in South Korea that have installed and run outsourced vending machines are analyzed and used to validate the study’s theoretical and empirical contributions.

Findings
The findings, which rely only on data from companies that outsource and those that run outsourced vending machines, show that contractual completeness negatively affects both active and passive opportunism. The study also discovers that active opportunism positively affects both bargaining costs and monitoring costs, whereas passive opportunism has a positive and direct effect on maladaptation costs but a negative effect on monitoring costs. It further finds that both bargaining and maladaptation costs have positive and direct effects on relationship termination intention, while monitoring costs have a negative effect on the same. Furthermore, it is observed that alternative attractiveness moderates the relationships between bargaining costs and relationship termination intention, as well as maladaptation costs and relationship termination intention.

Practical implications
This study demonstrates that contractual completeness can serve as an important ex ante control mechanism, whereas the two types of opportunism can raise transaction costs. Furthermore, alternative attractiveness is identified as a driver of the impact of transaction costs on relationship termination intention.

Originality/value
A key point of the departure of this study is that it examines the moderating role of alternative attractiveness in the relationship between transaction cost and relationship termination intention. The paper also advances the control literature by emphasizing the critical role that contractual completeness plays in reducing the occurrence of (both active and passive) opportunism in business relationships (especially companies that outsource).
Drivers of the perceived social impact of the Super Bowl: mediation and moderation analyses
Authors: Wu Ji , Orr Madeleine , Inoue Yuhei , Chang Yonghwan 
Published: July 2023

PurposeBuilding on the social leverage model (SLM), this study aims to examine the influence of event-related attributes on residents' perceived social impact of a major sport event, as mediated by event involvement. It also investigates the moderating effect of event rights holders' credibility on the relationship between event involvement and perceived social impact.Design/methodology/approachUsing a two-wave, time-lagged survey, data were collected from 220 residents of a Super Bowl host city. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).FindingsHigh celebratory atmosphere, social camaraderie and social responsibility as perceived before the event were associated with residents' perceptions of the social impact of the Super Bowl. Moreover, the association between social camaraderie and perceived social impact was mediated by event involvement. When appraising the rights holder as credible, involved residents reported an increased level of perceived social impact.Originality/valueThis study contributes to research on the SLM by demonstrating its application among indirect participants of major sport events. Additionally, it suggests the imperative role of rights holders' credibility in promoting the perceived social impact among involved residents.
The effect of environmental competitiveness, customer and competitor orientation on export performance
Authors: Arun Korhan , Yildirim Ozmutlu Saniye 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Customer orientation (CO) means meeting customers’ needs better than competitors. Competitor orientation means using and acting upon the knowledge of competitors. Thus, the main aim of this study is to analyze the effects of environmental competitiveness on export performance by examining the moderating roles of these variables.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on data from 5,000 firms from a survey run in 2021 in Turkey facilitated by the Chamber of Commerce, the authors tested their hypotheses using partial least squares structural equation modeling and correlation analysis.

Findings
The results show that competitor orientation positively affects the relationship between a competitive environment and export performance. However, the authors do not find evidence of a significant effect on CO.

Practical implications
Service sector managers should sacrifice customers to gain export market share in favor of superiority with competitors.

Originality/value
Prior research has yet to emphasize the importance of competition intensity in export performance for service-logistics firms. However, the environmental competitiveness–performance relationship is better explained with the help of these test results and the two additional moderators suggested in this work. Moreover, the export performance indicators were gathered from an independent source.
Role of justification of unethical behaviour in sustainable fashion consumption among Indian consumers: a parallel mediation approach
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Gupta Sangeeta , Singh Lata Bajpai 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Sustainable consumption is an important topic for different industries, including the fashion industry. Despite a favourable attitude of consumers towards sustainable products in the fashion industry, the actual purchase by the consumers is limited. Thus, the present study examines sustainable consumption using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The purpose of this paper is to study the mediating impact of strategies of justification of unethical behaviour on the gap-based relationship between a purchase intention and a purchase decision for a consumer in a sustainable clothing context.

Design/methodology/approach
For the study, the primary data from 229 graduate-level fashion students enrolled in universities across India has been analyzed with the help of structural equation modelling.

Findings
The study results have proven that attitudes and subjective norms can positively affect purchase intentions when it comes to purchase of the environmentally sustainable products. Further, economic rationality (ER) and government dependency (GD) partially mediate the purchase intention–behaviour gap of the justification strategies for unethical behaviour.

Practical implications
The results would be helpful in implementing sustainable clothing consumption among Indian consumers. The study would be beneficial for industry professionals, export houses and scholars to discover possible reasons which can lead to the widening of the intention–behaviour gap when it comes to the purchase of the sustainable clothing consumption for Indian consumers. Critical implications for marketers from the present research assert that ER and GD are important factors that could increase the purchase intention of young consumers towards sustainable clothing.

Originality/value
The results of the study contribute to the existing literature in a novel way by adding justification strategies for unethical behaviour to the TPB model. This study is innovative as it adds new constructs to the TPB model by including the three justification strategies that people use for unethical consumption behaviour (ER, economic development and GD) to gain insight into why a purchase intention–behaviour gap exists for sustainable clothing.
Demystifying the essentials of entrepreneurial orientation and competence for small retailers: evidence from India
Authors: Sellappan Palaniappan , Shanmugam Kavitha 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
Environmental dynamics affect all sectors, and retailing is no exception. Scholarships reveal that, in such turbulent times, entrepreneurial characteristics are essential for business. In academic research, entrepreneurial characteristics like entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and entrepreneurial competence (EC) are seldom evaluated for retailers. This study aims to decode the impact of small retailers’ EO and EC on firm business performance (BP). It also traces the mediation effect of EC in the relationship between EO and BP.

Design/methodology/approach
The study executed among 740 small retailers is a pioneering work to trace EO’s efficacy via EC on the retailer’s BP. The present research is a primal work in the Indian context. This work redesigns the EC scale to suit the retail context and evaluate its mediation role in the EO and BP relationship.

Findings
Examining the mediation model through structural equation modelling (SEM) adds empirical evidence to entrepreneurial value creation (EVC) theory and throws light on the indispensable qualities required for small business retailers. The outcomes of the SEM model portray that there is an association between the EO, EC and BP.

Research limitations/implications
This study, though carried out methodically, it is constrained by the ensuing intricacies. The investigation was limited to the small- and medium-retailers engaged in retailing with a floor space from 500 to 5,000 square feet. All three constructs used in the study are measured using the self-reported perceptual scale, which infuses the subjectivity in the data. Exploring the EO and EC of widely dispersed retailers, examining the entrepreneurial character of large-format independent retailers and evaluating financial performance measures through retailers will add value to the study in future.

Originality/value
The study verified the central role of EC in the intangible resource-reward relationship. Among the five pillars of EVC theory, the role of intention and external finance are not considered in this work. The present work explored the EO and EC of existing retailers, and hence intention is excluded. The study concentrates on small retailers, and the role of external financing is not explored. Mishra and Zachary (2014b) opined that the EVC process should be studied in different context and listed out several prepositions. Considering the role of intention and external financing and studying several prepositions spelt out in the theory in varying contexts will throw more lights on the EVC process.