bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Adults With Single-Sided Deafness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Daher Ghazal S. , Kocharyan Armine , Dillon Margaret T. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
To assess spatial hearing, tinnitus, and quality-of-life outcomes in adults with single-sided deafness (SSD) who underwent cochlear implantation.

Databases Reviewed
PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched from January 2008 to September 2021 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Methods
Studies reporting spatial hearing, tinnitus, and quality-of-life outcomes in adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients (≥18 yr old) with SSD were evaluated. Study characteristics, demographic data, spatial hearing (speech recognition in noise, sound source localization), tinnitus (severity, loudness), and quality-of-life outcomes were collected.

Results
From an initial search of 1,147 articles, 36 studies that evaluated CI use in 796 unique adults with SSD (51.3 ± 12.4 yr of age at time of implantation) were included. The mean duration of deafness was 6.2 ± 9.6 years. There was evidence of improvement for speech recognition in noise using different target-to-masker spatial configurations, with the largest benefit observed for target-to-masker configurations assessing head shadow (mean, 1.87–6.2 dB signal-to-noise ratio). Sound source localization, quantified as root-mean-squared error, improved with CI use (mean difference [MD], −25.3 degrees; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −35.9 to −14.6 degrees; p < 0.001). Also, CI users reported a significant reduction in tinnitus severity as measured with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (MD, −29.97; 95% CI, −43.9 to −16.1; p < 0.001) and an improvement in spatial hearing abilities as measured with the Spatial, Speech, and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire (MD, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.8; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Cochlear implantation and CI use consistently offer improvements in speech recognition in noise, sound source localization, tinnitus, and perceived quality of life in adults with SSD.
Preoperative Anxiety Levels and Postoperative Middle Ear Surgery Pain Levels
Authors: Carmel Neiderman Narin Nard , Frisch Mor , Oron Yahav , Handzel Ophir , Abu Eta Rani , Muhanna Nidal , Eshel Ron , Cohen Barak , Cavel Oren , Ungar Omer J. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
This study aimed to characterize self-reported postoperative pain after tympanoplasty and tympanomastoidectomy and correlate pain severity with the patient's preoperative anxiety state.

Study Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary referral medical center.

Patients
Adult patients undergoing any middle ear surgery between July 2018 and July 2019.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient responses to an otology questionnaire (OQ) for scoring pain intensity on a visual analog scale preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1–4, 21, and 63. The responses were correlated with anxiety state (assessed by State-Trait Personality Inventory [STPI] scores) and clinical and operative data, including surgical technique–related details.

Results
Sixty patients were enrolled (mean age ± standard deviation, 40 ± 19.7 yr, 26 men). Their median preoperative (baseline) visual analog scale pain score was 6 on POD1, 5 on POD3, and 1 at 3 and 7 weeks. Their median preoperative OQ score was 32 of 70 (45.7%), 37 of 70 (52.8%) on POD1, 33 of 70 (47.1%) on POD3, 6 of 70 (8.5%) at 3 weeks, and 6 of 70 at 7 weeks. Their overall mean preoperative anxiety level (STPI score) was 2.63 ± 1.50. STPI scores were significantly higher among patients who reported OQ scores equal to or higher than the median during PODs 1 to 4 in comparison to patients who reported OQ scores lower than the median. The α Cronbach correlation between anxiety and postoperative pain scores on POD1 was 0.97.

Conclusion
Preoperative anxiety levels are closely associated with postoperative pain levels after any middle ear surgery. Measures to control preoperative anxiety are warranted to alleviate postoperative pain.
Designing a Prolonged Method of Therapeutic Delivery to Support Rehabilitation From Ototoxic Damage in a Schwann Cell Model
Authors: Hong Michelle K. , Echanique Kristen A. , Hoffman Larry F. , Kita Ashley E. 
Published: February 2023

Hypothesis
The ototoxicity of gentamicin and cisplatin can be evaluated with a Schwann cell model to screen for otoprotective agents that can be encapsulated into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles for drug delivery to the inner ear.

Background
Aminoglycosides and cisplatin are widely prescribed but known to cause ototoxicity. There is strong evidence that compromise to Schwann cells ensheathing inner ear afferent neurons results in inner ear dysfunction mimicking drug-induced ototoxicity. There is a need for a model for ototoxic demyelination to screen medications for protective potential and to subsequently target and tune the delivery of any promising agents.

Methods
RT4-D6P2T rat schwannoma cells were used as a Schwann cell model to assess gentamicin and cisplatin toxicity and to screen for protective agents. Cell viability was evaluated with the MTT cell proliferation assay. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was encapsulated into a PLGA microparticle, and its elution profile was determined.

Results
The estimated 50% lethal concentration dose for gentamicin was 805.6 μM, which was 46-fold higher than that for cisplatin (17.5 μM). In several trials, cells dosed with NAC and cisplatin demonstrated a 22.6% (p < 0.001) increase in cell viability when compared with cisplatin alone. However, this protective effect was not consistent across all trials. NAC was encapsulated into a PLGA microparticle and elution plateaued at 5 days.

Conclusion
When dosed at their respective therapeutic ranges, cisplatin is more likely than gentamicin to induce damage to the Schwann cell model. Although NAC demonstrates an uncertain role in protecting against cisplatin-induced Schwann cell cytotoxicity, this study establishes a method to screen for other otoprotective medications to encapsulate into a tunable microparticle for localized drug delivery.
Factors Associated With Delirium in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Ista Erwin , Traube Chani , de Neef Marjorie , Schieveld Jan , Knoester Hennie , Molag Marja , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Strik Jacqueline ,   on behalf of the Dutch Multidisciplinary Pediatric Delirium Guideline Group
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Pediatric delirium (PD) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by a complex interplay between predisposing factors (e.g., age, cognitive impairment), acute illness, and environmental triggers. PD is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to systematically review and evaluate factors associated with PD in hospitalized pediatric patients.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Ovid Medline, Web- of-Science, Cochrane, CIHNAL, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for relevant studies (1990–2022).

STUDY SELECTION:
We included studies that compared pediatric patients with and without delirium. Reviews, editorials, congress abstracts, or studies that did not report factors for PD were excluded. No restrictions were imposed on language.

Data Extraction:
Title and abstract were independently screened by two reviewers. Individual characteristics, study design, and outcomes were independently extracted.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Categorical dichotomous data were summarized across groups using Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (ORs) with 95% 95% CIs. Either fixed-effect or random effects models were used as indicated by the results of a heterogeneity test. Of 1,846 abstracts, 24 studies were included. We identified 54 factors studied in univariate analyses, and 27 of these were associated with PD in multivariable analyses. In pooled analyses, greater odds of PD were associated with developmental delay (OR 3.98; 95% CI 1.54–10.26), need for mechanical ventilation (OR 6.02; 95% CI 4.43–8.19), use of physical restraints (OR 4.67; 95% CI 1.82–11.96), and receipt of either benzodiazepines (OR 4.10; 95% CI 2.48–6.80), opiates (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.89–4.37), steroids (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.47–2.77), or vasoactive medication (OR 3.68; 95% CI 1.17–11.60).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this meta-analysis, we identified seven factors associated with greater odds of developing delirium during pediatric critical illness.
“The Cost of Doing Business: An Appraisal of Relative Value Units in Plastic Surgery and Other Surgical Subspecialties”
Authors: Shim Jalene Y , Stoffel Victoria , Neubauer Daniel , Gosman Amanda A , Matros Evan , Reid Chris M 
Published: February 2023

Background:The relationship between procedural complexity and RVUs awarded has been previously studied within some specialties, but it has not yet been compared across different surgical disciplines. This study aims to analyze the association of RVUs with operative time as a surrogate for complexity across surgical specialties, with a focus on plastic surgery.Methods:A retrospective review of surgical cases was conducted with the 2019 NSQIP database. The top 10 most performed procedures per surgical specialty were identified based on case volume. Only cases with a single CPT code were analyzed. A sub-analysis of plastic surgery procedures was also conducted to include unilateral and bilateral procedures with a frequency of greater than 20.Results:Overall, operative time correlated strongly with work RVU (R = 0.86). Orthopedic surgery had one of the shortest average operative times with the greatest wRVU per hour, in contrast to plastic surgery with the greatest average operative time and one of the lowest wRVU per hour. Of the plastic surgery procedures analyzed, only 5 were valued on par with the average calculated from all other specialties. The most poorly rewarded procedure for time spent is the unilateral free flap breast reconstruction.Conclusions:Of all the specialties, plastic surgery has the lowest RVU per hour and the highest average operative time, leading to severe potential undervaluation compared to other specialties. Our study suggests that further reevaluation of the current RVU system may be needed to account for complexity more equitably as well as encourage value-based care.
SARS-CoV-2 live virus neutralization after four COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Cheung Peter K. , Lapointe Hope R. , Sang Yurou , Ennis Siobhan , Mwimanzi Francis , Speckmaier Sarah , Barad Evan , Dong Winnie , Liang Richard , Simons Janet , Lowe Christopher F. , Romney Marc G. , Brumme Chanson J. , Niikura Masahiro , Brockman Mark A. , Brumme Zabrina L. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:Limited data exist regarding the immune benefits of fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses in people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly now that most have experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We quantified wild-type, Omicron-BA.5 and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization up to 1 month post-fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose in 63 (19 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 44 SARS-CoV-2-experienced) PWH.Design:A longitudinal observational cohort.Methods:Quantification of wild-type-, Omicron-BA.5, and Omicron-BQ.1-specific neutralization using live virus assays.Results:Participants received monovalent (44%) and bivalent (56%) mRNA fourth doses. In COVID-19-naive PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type and Omicron-BA.5-specific neutralization modestly above three-dose levels (P = 0.1). In COVID-19-experienced PWH, fourth doses enhanced wild-type specific neutralization modestly (P = 0.1) and BA.5-specific neutralization substantially (P = 0.002). Consistent with humoral benefits of ’hybrid’ immunity, COVID-19-experienced PWH exhibited the highest neutralization post-fourth dose, wherein those with Omicron-era infections displayed higher wild-type specific (P = 0.04) but similar BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization than those with pre-Omicron-era infections. Nevertheless, BA.5-specific neutralization was significantly below wild-type in everyone regardless of COVID-19 experience, with BQ.1-specific neutralization lower still (bothP < 0.0001). In multivariable analyses, fourth dose valency did not affect neutralization magnitude. Rather, an mRNA-1273 fourth dose (versus a BNT162b2 one) was the strongest correlate of wild-type specific neutralization, while prior COVID-19, regardless of pandemic era, was the strongest correlate of BA.5 and BQ.1-specific neutralization post-fourth dose.Conclusion:Fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses, irrespective of valency, benefit PWH regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results support recommendations that all adults receive a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose within 6 months of their third dose (or their most recent SARS-CoV-2 infection).
Deep Learning Denoising of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Chest Images: A Quantitative and Qualitative Image Analysis
Authors: Azour Lea , Hu Yunan , Ko Jane P. , Chen Baiyu , Knoll Florian , Alpert Jeffrey B. , Brusca-Augello Geraldine , Mason Derek M. , Wickstrom Maj L. , Kwon Young Joon (Fred) , Babb James , Liang Zhengrong , Moore William H. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
To assess deep learning denoised (DLD) computed tomography (CT) chest images at various low doses by both quantitative and qualitative perceptual image analysis.

Methods
Simulated noise was inserted into sinogram data from 32 chest CTs acquired at 100 mAs, generating anatomically registered images at 40, 20, 10, and 5 mAs. A DLD model was developed, with 23 scans selected for training, 5 for validation, and 4 for test.
Quantitative analysis of perceptual image quality was assessed with Structural SIMilarity Index (SSIM) and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID). Four thoracic radiologists graded overall diagnostic image quality, image artifact, visibility of small structures, and lesion conspicuity. Noise-simulated and denoised image series were evaluated in comparison with one another, and in comparison with standard 100 mAs acquisition at the 4 mAs levels. Statistical tests were conducted at the 2-sided 5% significance level, with multiple comparison correction.

Results
At the same mAs levels, SSIM and FID between noise-simulated and reconstructed DLD images indicated that images were closer to a perfect match with increasing mAs (closer to 1 for SSIM, and 0 for FID).
In comparing noise-simulated and DLD images to standard-dose 100-mAs images, DLD improved SSIM and FID. Deep learning denoising improved SSIM of 40-, 20-, 10-, and 5-mAs simulations in comparison with standard-dose 100-mAs images, with change in SSIM from 0.91 to 0.94, 0.87 to 0.93, 0.67 to 0.87, and 0.54 to 0.84, respectively. Deep learning denoising improved FID of 40-, 20-, 10-, and 5-mAs simulations in comparison with standard-dose 100-mAs images, with change in FID from 20 to 13, 46 to 21, 104 to 41, and 148 to 69, respectively.
Qualitative image analysis showed no significant difference in lesion conspicuity between DLD images at any mAs in comparison with 100-mAs images. Deep learning denoising images at 10 and 5 mAs were rated lower for overall diagnostic image quality (P < 0.001), and at 5 mAs lower for overall image artifact and visibility of small structures (P = 0.002), in comparison with 100 mAs.

Conclusions
Deep learning denoising resulted in quantitative improvements in image quality. Qualitative assessment demonstrated DLD images at or less than 10 mAs to be rated inferior to standard-dose images.
Differentiating Benign From Malignant Cystic Renal Masses: A Feasibility Study of Computed Tomography Texture-Based Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Miskin Nityanand , Qin Lei , Silverman Stuart G. , Shinagare Atul B. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The Bosniak classification attempts to predict the likelihood of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among cystic renal masses but is subject to interobserver variability and often requires multiphase imaging. Artificial intelligence may provide a more objective assessment. We applied computed tomography texture–based machine learning algorithms to differentiate benign from malignant cystic renal masses.

Methods
This is an institutional review board–approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant retrospective study of 147 patients (mean age, 62.4 years; range, 28–89 years; 94 men) with 144 cystic renal masses (93 benign, 51 RCC); 69 were pathology proven (51 RCC, 18 benign), and 75 were considered benign based on more than 4 years of stability at follow-up imaging. Using a single image from a contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scan, mean, SD, mean value of positive pixels, entropy, skewness, and kurtosis radiomics features were extracted. Random forest, multivariate logistic regression, and support vector machine models were used to classify each mass as benign or malignant with 10-fold cross validation. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed algorithm performance in the aggregated test data.

Results
For the detection of malignancy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve were 0.61, 0.87, 0.72, 0.80, and 0.79 for the random forest model; 0.59, 0.87, 0.71, 0.79, and 0.80 for the logistic regression model; and 0.55, 0.86, 0.68, 0.78, and 0.76 for the support vector machine model.

Conclusion
Computed tomography texture–based machine learning algorithms show promise in differentiating benign from malignant cystic renal masses. Once validated, these may serve as an adjunct to radiologists' assessments.
Mucilaginibacter straminoryzae sp. nov., isolated from rice straw used for growing periphyton
Authors: Ko So-Ra , Le Ve Van , Kang Mingyeong , Oh Hee-Mock , Ahn Chi-Yong 
Published: February 2023

A rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium, strain RS28T, was isolated from rice straw used as material for periphyton growth. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain RS28T was affiliated with the genus

Mucilaginibacter

and had the highest sequence similarity to

Mucilaginibacter ginkgonis

HMF7856T (96.47 %) and

Mucilaginibacter polytrichastri

DSM 26907T (96.12 %). Strain RS28T was found to grow at pH 5.5–8.0, 17–40 °C and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain RS28T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids (> 10.0 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids, three unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified lipid. The respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. The genomic DNA G+C content was 44.7 mol%. Strain RS28T possessed six putative secondary metabolite gene clusters involved in the synthesis of resorcinol, NRPS-like, terpene, lassopeptide, T3PKS and arylpolyene. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain RS28T represents a novel species of the genus

Mucilaginibacter

, for which the name Mucilaginibacter straminoryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS28T (=KCTC 92039T=LMG 32424T).
Salipiger pentaromativorans sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Li Jiangwei , Lai Qiliang , Hu Anyi , Liu Huijie , Qin Dan , Yang Xiaoyong , Tian Yun , Yu Chang-Ping 
Published: February 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been recognized as a potential health risk and are widespread in nature due to their intrinsic chemical stability and high recalcitrance to degradation. A taxonomic study was carried out on strain P9T, which was isolated from a PAH-degrading consortium, enriched from the mangrove sediment from Zhangzhou, PR China. The isolate was chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, short-rod shaped, and motile by one polar flagellum. Growth was observed at salinities from 0.5–6.0 % (optimum, 3 %), at pH 4–9 (optimum, pH 7) and at 10–41 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C). It did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a. Catalase and oxidase activities were positive. Acid was produced from starch, amygdalin, arbutin, cellobiose, d-fructose, maltose, d-mannitol, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, d-ribose, sucrose, trehalose, d-xylose, aesculin ferric citrate, gentiobiose, glycogen, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose, methyl α-d-glucopyranoside, methyl β-d-xylopyranoside, N-acetylglucosamine and salicin, and weakly positive for d-arabitol, d-galactose, lactose, turanose and glycerol. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain P9T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of

Salipiger

species and formed an independent cluster with

Salipiger profundus

, which was distinct from other members of the family

Rhodobacteraceae

. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain P9T was most closely related to

Salipiger bermudensis

HTCC 260T (96.7 %), and other species of the genus

Salipiger

(95.7–94.2 %). Strain P9T had the highest digital DNA–DNA hybridization value with

S. profundus

CGMCC 1.12377T (25.0 %) and the highest average nucleotide identity (ANIb and ANIm) values with

S. profundus

CGMCC 1.12377T(80.3 and 85.8 %, respectively). The sole respiratory quinone was quinone 10. The dominant fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c (61.4 %), C16 : 0 (17.5 %) and C19 : 0
ω8c cyclo (7.6 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 65.8 mol%. In the polar lipid profile, phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, aminolipid, glycolipid and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major compounds. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain P9T represents a novel species of the genus

Salipiger

, for which the name Salipiger pentaromativorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P9T (=CCTCC AB 209290T=LMG 25701T=MCCC 1F01055T).
Fitness effects of breeding strategy: implications for life history trait evolution and mouse husbandry
Authors: Garretson Alexis , Dumont Beth L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReproductive tactics can profoundly influence population reproductive success, but paradoxically, breeding strategy and female reproductive care often vary across a population. The causes and fitness impacts of this variation are not well understood. Using breeding records from the Collaborative Cross mouse population, we evaluate the effects of breeding configuration on reproductive output. Overall, we find that communal breeding in trios leads to higher output and that both trio-breeding and overlapping litters are associated with increased neonatal survival. However, we find significant strain-level variation in optimal breeding strategy and show that the tradeoff between strategies is weakly heritable. We further find that strain reproductive condition influences the ability to support multiple litters and alters the related evolutionary tradeoffs of communal breeding. Together, these findings underscore the role of genetics in regulating alternative reproductive tactics in house mice and emphasize the need to adopt animal husbandry practices tailored to strain backgrounds.