bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reformulation of classical thermodynamics from information theory
Authors: Barzi F , Fethi K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we present a reformulation of classical equilibrium thermodynamics by replacing the obscure and ambiguous concept of entropy with the clear and intuitive concept of information stored in a thermodynamic system. Specifically, we rewrite the laws of thermodynamics in the mathematical terminology borrowed from information theory with an emphasis on information instead of entropy and on binary logarithm instead of natural one. We also define a modified ideal gas constant denoted as

R

that quantifies the energy cost of storing or retrieving a mole of information. Moreover an application to the ideal gas is carried and new insight on the evolution of the system is acquired. This new formulation might serve as a basis to teaching thermodynamics, where one deals with the concept of energy and information both stored in a thermodynamic system and avoids the lack of cognitive representations inherent in the concept of entropy.
Systematics in ETG mass profile modelling: strong lensing & stellar dynamics
Authors: Melo-Carneiro Carlos R. , Furlanetto Cristina , Chies-Santos Ana L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing and stellar dynamics are independent and powerful methods to probe the total gravitational potential of galaxies, and thus, their total mass profile. However, inherent degeneracies in the individual models makes it difficult to obtain a full understanding of the distribution of baryons and dark matter (DM), although such degeneracies might be broken by the combination of these two tracers, leading to more reliable measurements of the mass distribution of the lens galaxy. We use mock data from IllustrisTNG50 to compare how dynamical-only, lens-only, and joint modelling can constrain the mass distribution of early-type galaxies (ETGs). The joint model consistently outperforms the other models, achieving a 2% accuracy in recovering the total mass within 2.5R
eff. The Einstein radius is robustly recovered for both lens-only and joint models, with the first showing a median fractional error of -5% and the latter a fractional error consistent with zero. The stellar mass-to-light ratio and total mass density slope are well recovered by all models. In particular, the dynamical-only model achieves an accuracy of 1% for the stellar mass-to-light ratio, while the accuracy of the mass density slope is typically of the order of 5% for all models. However, all models struggle to constrain integrated quantities involving DM and the halo parameters. Nevertheless, imposing more restrictive assumptions on the DM halo, such as fixing the scale radius, could alleviate some of the issues. Finally, we verify that the number of kinematical constraints (15, 35, 55 bins) on the kinematical map does not impact the models outcomes.
Thermal effects on warm chromoinflation
Authors: Kamali Vahid , Ramos Rudnei O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore a model of a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson inflaton field coupled to a
non-Abelian SU(2) gauge field. This model naturally leads to a warm inflation scenario, where
the inflationary dynamics is dominated by thermal dissipation. In this work, we consider a
scenario where the inflaton, an axion-like field, is coupled to the SU(2) gauge field, similar
to chromoinflation models. Both the inflaton and the gauge field with a non-vanishing vacuum
expectation value are coupled to a thermal radiation bath. We demonstrate that the presence of
the thermal bath during warm chromoinflation induces a thermal plasma mass for the background
gauge field. This thermal mass can significantly disrupt the dynamics of the background gauge
field, thereby driving it to its trivial null solution.
Gravitational-wave signatures of gravito-electromagnetic couplings
Authors: Papanikolaou Theodoros , Tzerefos Charalampos , Capozziello Salvatore , Lambiase Gaetano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) can undoubtedly serve as a messenger from the early Universe acting as well as a novel probe of the underlying gravity theory. In this work, motivated by one-loop vacuum-polarization effects on curved spacetime, we investigate a gravitational theory with non-minimal curvature-electromagnetic coupling terms of the form ξR/M
Pl2

F

μν

F

μν
, where M
Pl is the reduced Planck mass, R is the scalar curvature and F

μν
the Faraday tensor, being responsible for the generation of primordial electromagnetic fields. We study then the GW signatures of such coupling terms deriving in particular for the first time to the best of our knowledge the modified tensor modes equation of motion. Remarkably, we find a universal infrared (IR) frequency scaling f
5 of the electromagnetically induced GW (EMIGW) signal, which, depending on the energy scale of inflation, the duration of inflation and reheating as well as the dynamical behaviour of the coupling function ξ, can be well within the detection sensitivity bands of GW experiments such as SKA, LISA, ET and BBO, being thus potentially detectable in the future by GW observatories.
Seismic safety strategy for IFMIF-DONES
Authors: Ruiz López Mario Francisco , Maestre Jorge , Beltran Francisco , Torregrosa-Martin Claudio , García Mario , García-Macías Enrique , Gallego Rafael , Ibarra Ángel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility - DEMO Oriented Neutron Source) will be a unique facility dedicated to the irradiation of fusion materials by means of a high neutron flux, with a spectrum comparable to the one expected in the first wall of fusion reactors. Due to the moderate seismicity in southern Spain, the IFMIF-DONES project needs to pay careful attention to the seismic safety and the protection of the machine.&#xD;&#xD;The seismic strategy developed for the facility follows the graded approach for seismic design defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which is consistent with the relatively small radiological/toxicological hazard of the installation and commensurate to its singularity. A comprehensive approach is presented, this encompassing every stage of the seismic design and assessment of the facility. It covers the seismic hazard analysis for the site, including consideration of site effects, the definition of design and beyond design basis earthquakes, the definition of operational earthquakes, the seismic analysis of the Main Building, which will house most of the critical components, and the fragility analysis and seismic margin assessment to demonstrate robustness for the beyond design basis earthquake.&#xD;&#xD;This paper provides an overview of the seismic safety strategy now being applied in the IFMIF-DONES Project.
A random planting model
Authors: Talbot J , Viot P , Colliaux D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The adoption of agroecological practices will be crucial to address the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss. Such practices favor the cultivation of plants in complex mixtures with layouts differing from the monoculture approach of conventional agriculture. Inspired by random sequential adsorption processes, we propose a one-dimensional model in which the plants are represented as line segments that start as points and grow at a constant rate until they reach length σ after a time interval τ. The planting positions and times are randomly chosen with the constraint that plant overlap is forbidden. We apply an exact, event-driven simulation to investigate the resulting spatiotemporal patterns and yields in both mono- and duocultures. After a transient period, with oscillations in the density and coverage, the field reaches a steady state in which the mean age of plants is one half of the time to maturity. The structure of the active plants is characterized by correlation functions between the fluctuation of the age of a plant and its kth neighbour. Nearest neighbours are negatively correlated, while next nearest neighbours tend to have similar ages. The steady state yield increases with the planting rate and approaches a maximum value of 4/3 plants per unit length per unit time. For two species with the same size at maturity but different growth rates, the more slowly growing species is enriched in the harvest compared to the seed mix composition. If two species have the same time to maturity but different sizes, the smaller one is enriched in the harvest and, at a sufficiently high planting rate, the larger species may be completely absent. For two species with the same ratio of

σ

/

τ

the selectivity is insensitive to the planting rate. This model and the algorithms describing the planting strategies may be extended to higher dimensions, more species and other planting strategies that may assist in the design of novel microfarms.
Markov spin models for image generation: explicit large deviations with respect to the number of pixels
Authors: Monthus Cécile 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For the discrete-time or the continuous-time Markov spin models for image generation when each pixel

n
=
1
,
.
.
,
N

can take only two values

S
n

=
±
1

, the finite-time forward propagator depends on the initial and on the final configurations of the N spins only via a single global variable, namely the extensive overlap that counts the number of spins that have the same value or not in the two configurations. The joint probability distribution of the overlap and of the magnetization during the forward noising dynamics can be written for any finite number N of pixels and in the limit

N
→
+
∞

to extract the large deviation properties. The consequences for the backward reconstructive dynamics are then analyzed for various initial conditions, namely (i) a single image, (ii) a mixture of two images, (iii) when the initial condition corresponds to the Curie–Weiss mean-field ferromagnetic model in the microcanonical ensemble as a simple analog of the manifold-hypothesis concerning continuous generative diffusion models.
Random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures on a cubic lattice
Authors: Beljin-Čavić M , Budinski-Petković Lj , Lončarević I , Jakšić Z M , Vrhovac S B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The irreversible random sequential adsorption of polydisperse mixtures of ‘lattice animals’ on a three-dimensional cubic lattice is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A ‘lattice animal’ is defined as a 3D object composed of a group of points connected as nearest neighbors on a lattice. Polydisperse mixtures consist of n objects of varying sizes but sharing the same basic shape. This study analyzes the influence of polydispersity and the geometrical properties of the shapes on the jamming density

θ
J

and the temporal evolution of the density

θ
(
t
)

. The approach of the coverage to the jamming limit

θ
J

is found to be exponential, expressed as

θ
(
t
)
=

θ
J

−
A

e

−
t

/

σ

, both for the mixtures and their individual components. The values of relaxation time σ are determined by the number of different orientations m that the lattice animals can take when placed on a cubic lattice. It is observed that the parameter σ increases linearly with the number of mixture components n of the same basic shape. Additionally, the partial jamming densities and corresponding relaxation times σ decrease as the size of the mixture components increases.
KALYPSO LGAD — a MHz repetition rate line camera based on trench
isolated low gain avalanche detector
Authors: Patil M.M. , Caselle M. , Bründermann E. , Chilingarayan S. , Kopmann A. , Niehues G. , Steinmann J.L. , Stankov S. , Widmann C. , Müller A.-S. , Borghi G. , Paternoster G. , Centis Vignali M. , Boscardin M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Designed for accelerator beam diagnostics and photon science applications, KALYPSO is a line array camera that stands out for its high-speed performance with the ability to operate at rates up to 12 Mfps in continuous readout mode while maintaining full occupancy. In this contribution, the KALYPSO system with sensor based on TI-LGAD is presented. The latest version of this system is employed as a beam diagnostic imaging sensor to measure radiation profiles of the particle beam at the KIT accelerator, KARA. The system's key features will be presented, including its linearity, sensitivity, and dynamic range.
Optimizing of process parameters of AA6061-TiO2 Castings that used as a solar collector: parametric study
Authors: Ugla Adnan A. , Hassan Jwad K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study emphasizes the fabrication of AA6061 reinforced with TiO2 as a composite addition to modify its mechanical and microstructural properties. This study adopted mold vibration, angle of pouring, and TiO2 concentration as process parameters. Used the Taguchi approach with L9 orthogonal design to investigate how process parameters affected the granular size and tensile strength of AA6061-TiO2 ingots. investigated the microstructure, chemical composition, phase composition, tensile strength, and microhardness of AA061 composite ingots using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope with EDS, an XRD diffractometer, a universal tensile strength machine, and a Vickers hardness the design of experiments (DOE) approach analysis reveals that the most efficient combination of casting parameters that gave the highest ultimate tensile strength and the smallest grain size was 100 Hz mold frequency, 90 degree pouring angle, and 10 At.% TiO2 addition. The sample prepared under these conditions achieved a tensile strength of 142.2 MPa and a grain size of 80µm. Also, the microstructural study shows that the intermetallic compound precipitate is spread out evenly, and the grain size gets smaller as the vibration of the mold gets stronger. The XRD analysis shows there is a decrease in the intensity of diffraction peaks when increasing the vibration of casting mold and the TiO2 concentration.
Implementation of an MPPT Technique for Solar PV Systems Based on a Programmable Logic Controller
Authors: Younis Omar A. , Ibraheem Ahmed M. T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this research study, an automated design is introduced for the Photovoltaic (PV) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Technique using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) S7-1200 type. The perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm was employed to track the maximum power point continuously and reduce output fluctuations. This innovative design seeks to address the usual constraints associated with standard P&O-MPPT algorithms by harnessing the power of PLC automation. The system was meticulously modelled and simulated using the Siemens Automation program (TIA Portal) with the use of a ladder and Structured Control Language (SCL) languages, depicted as a function block. Furthermore, an experimental prototype was developed employing a PLC as the control unit to authenticate the accuracy and effectiveness of the P&O algorithm’s outcomes with a DC-DC Boost converter. The system’s performance was compared under varying meteorological conditions. Additionally, a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) screen was developed for periodic monitoring and displaying results on the PC screen. The system has proven to be highly efficient in tracking maximum power, periodic monitoring, and displaying results on the computer screen.
Modeling the composite fuel’s flow and combustion process in a combined burner device
Authors: Mizher Usama J. , Kovalnogov Vladislav N. , Chukalin Andrei V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Go Green campaign’s objectives, which include raising public awareness of clean air, cannot be supported without using renewable energy sources like biogas. Producing energy from industrial and residential waste by getting and burning an intermediate goal product, gas fuel (biogas), is a promising solution to environmental sustainability and energy security concerns. Swirling the fuel-air flow is the best approach to speed up the combustion process. In this paper, a mathematical model of a turbulent combustion process that is non-stationary and incorporates flow swirl is proposed. The 𝑘 − 𝜖 turbulence model (realizable) proposed in this study allows the simulation of the fuel-air mixture combustion process; it also shows the quantitative content of NOx and COx in the combustion products of fuel combination (natural gas and biogas). A combustion chamber model, including a single integrated burner device, is showcased. ANSYS Fluent was used to conduct a numerical investigation of a non-stationary turbulent gas flow that involved the combined burning of biogas and natural gas.
Meat is healthy, green and vital to social and economic sustainability: frames used by the red meat industry during development of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations
Authors: Wood Amanda , Swan Janice , Masino Talia , Tørnqvist Bjørk , Röös Elin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To reduce environmental impacts from the food system, demand-side changes, especially reductions in the consumption of animal products in high-consuming populations, are needed. This will require policies promoting red meat reductions, since dietary patterns are difficult to change, but such policies will likely meet opposition from certain food industry actors. An example is provided by the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), the evidence base underpinning all food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) in the Nordic countries. The updated version recommends that individuals restrict red and processed meat consumption to a maximum of 350 grams per week for health reasons, and advises ‘considerably less’ is consumed for environmental reasons. During the revision of the NNR, Nordic red meat industry actors and farmers’ associations were quick to respond to indications that lower amounts of red meat would be recommended. We conducted a frame analysis of responses relating to red meat consumption made by these actors in the public consultations on the NNR. Our analytical framework built on literature-based frames commonly used by the meat industry in countries with high meat consumption. The results showed that actors supporting the red meat industry generally opposed reductions to red meat consumption (and production) by framing red meat consumption as healthy and red meat production as providing social, economic and environmental benefits. Red meat actors also questioned the science (or scientists) supporting reductions in red meat consumption. For any national authority tasked with developing dietary recommendations, it is crucial to identify how these actors frame red meat consumption and use these frames to influence the formulation of sustainable dietary guidelines.
Introduction
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the book’s research puzzle: why do countries hosting United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations tend to consolidate authoritarian forms of governance, despite the UN’s stated aim of promoting democratization? Building on two relevant bodies of literature, on peacekeeping operations and international influences on regime politics, we formulate a theory of authoritarian enabling that acts as the framework for the book. Specifically, we argue that peacekeepers can enable authoritarian practices by national authorities through two mechanisms, capacity-building and signaling. We also explain our research design, a qualitative comparative study based on primary interview data from over 200 interviews across four cases: UN Transitional Administration in Cambodia (UNTAC), Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies / Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation en RD Congo (MONUC/MONUSCO) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), and UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). We end the chapter with an overview of the book.
Conclusion
Authors: von Billerbeck Sarah , Gippert Birte Julia , Oksamytna Kseniya , Tansey Oisín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter provides a comparative analysis of our empirical findings and contextualizes the book’s contributions in the relevant academic literature and in international peacekeeping practice. First, it draws out cross-cutting themes and similarities and differences that emerge from the four case studies. Based on this analysis, it explores the structural and individual features that affect enabling, the question of whether enabling is inevitable, and potential mitigation strategies. Second, the chapter identifies recommendations for practice that arise from the authors’ findings. These directly link to their discussion of mitigation and aim for a balance between pursuing the objectives of United Nations peacekeeping and avoiding the dilemmas that may lead to enabling of authoritarian practices. Finally, the chapter places the book’s contributions in the wider context of the academic literatures on the unintended consequences of peacekeeping and the international dimensions of authoritarianism. It closes by identifying several avenues for further research.
Courts Ignore Women’s Struggles for Equality
Authors: Hasday Jill Elaine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Courts Ignore Women’s Struggles for Equality examines how the judiciary has left women out of the stories it tells about the nation. Supreme Court opinions recounting the Court’s history routinely skip over how women and gender shaped that history. They do not mention the Court’s long practice of reasoning about the Constitution on the premise that women rather than men should prioritize domesticity, which I call “Mullerism” after an early decision. Indeed, judges frequently center men and ignore women even when deciding cases about women’s status. This chapter introduces the concept of “spontaneous enlightenment stories” and shows how judges deploying those stories have erased women’s struggles for equality and misdescribed progress as emerging from consensus rather than conflict. The Supreme Court, and many other American courts, have attributed expansions in women’s rights over time to the seemingly spontaneous insights of male decisionmakers without acknowledging the feminist mobilization that pushed reform forward against vehement opposition. Many judges have likewise spent decades telling a variant of the spontaneous enlightenment story in recounting how Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act came to include a prohibition on sex discrimination in employment. Courts attribute that amendment to the scheming of male segregationists and disregard the evidence documenting the vital contributions that women made to get the sex discrimination prohibition into Title VII. This account emphasizes men’s underhandedness, rather than their high-mindedness, but similarly mischaracterizes how reform occurred by treating men as the only important actors and women as passive subjects of male decisionmaking.