bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automatic quality evaluation procedure for third-party daily rainfall observations and its application over Australia
Authors: Li Ming , Shao Quanxi , Dabrowski Joel Janek , Rahman Ashfaqur , Powell Andrea , Henderson Brent , Hussain Zachary , Steinle Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThird-party rainfall observations could provide an improvement of the current official observation network for rainfall monitoring. Although third-party weather stations can provide large quantities of near-real-time rainfall observations at fine temporal and spatial resolutions, the quality of these data is susceptible due to variations in quality control applied and there is a need to provide greater confidence in them. In this study, we develop an automatic quality evaluation procedure for daily rainfall observations collected from third-party stations in near real time. Australian Gridded Climate Data (AGCD) and radar Rainfields data have been identified as two reliable data sources that can be used for assessing third-party observations in Australia. To achieve better model interpretability and scalability, these reference data sources are used to provide separate tests rather than a complex single test on a third-party data point. Based on the assumption that the error of a data source follows a Gaussian distribution after a log-sinh transformation, each test issues a p-value-based confidence score as a measure of quality and the confidence of the third-party data observation. The maximum of confidence scores from individual tests is used to merge these tests into a single result which provides overall assessment. We validate our method with synthetic datasets based on high-quality rainfall observations from 100 Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) of Australia stations across Australia and apply it to evaluate real third-party rainfall observations owned by the Department of Primary Industries and regional development (DPIRD) of Western Australia. Our method works well with the synthetic datasets and can detect 76.7% erroneous data while keeping the false alarm rate as low as 1.7%. We also discuss the possibility of using other reference datasets, such as numerical weather prediction data and satellite rainfall data.
Correlation between kidney function and mortality in pyogenic spondylodiscitis: the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as new predictive parameter?
Authors: Lenz Maximilian , Harland Arne , Egenolf Philipp , Horbach Maximilian , von Hodenberg Clara , Brinkkoetter Paul T. , Benzing Thomas , Eysel Peer , Scheyerer Max J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is a severe medical condition, often requiring surgical intervention. Numerous risk factors are known, such as obesity, neurological impairment and old age. In-hospital mortality remains high, therefore other factors may be contributing to the increased mortality. To evaluate kidney function as a risk factor for increased morbidity of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was correlated with the patients' clinical course.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 366 patients and 255 were included for analysis. Clinical, laboratory and surgical data were recorded with a minimum follow-up of three months. For clinical outcome measurement, mortality, length of stay and perioperative complications were analysed.

Results
The study included 255 patients (173 men, 82 women; mean age 66.3 years). Patients with a GFR < 59 mL/min spent an average of 5 days longer in the hospital than those with a GFR ≥ 60 mL/min (p = 0.071). The mortality rate increased significantly with a decrease in GFR: A GFR of 30–59 mL/min had a mortality rate of 17.6%, whereas a GFR of < 29 mL/min had one of 30.4% (p = 0.003). Patients with impaired GFR showed an increased rate of postoperative complications (OR 4.7 p = 0.002) and higher rate of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (OR 8.7 p =  < 0.001).

Discussion
Preoperative GFR values showed a significant correlation with in-hospital mortality in patients with spondylodiscitis, when graded according to the KDIGO stages. Furthermore, a GFR of < 29 ml/mL contributes to a longer ICU stay, postoperative complications and a longer total hospital stay. Therefore, the preoperative GFR could be a marker of kidney function and as a valuable predictive risk factor regarding the clinical in-hospital course of patients suffering from pyogenic spondylodiscitis.
Validity of the short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture
Authors: Blixt Simon , Mukka Sebastian , Försth Peter , Westin Olof , Gerdhem Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to validate the use of the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a spine fracture.

Methods
Cross-sectional cohort of individuals that had sustained a spine fracture (C1-L5) one year earlier. Patients were asked to fill out SMFA, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EQ-5D-3L and EQ-VAS. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to assess convergent validity for each patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). Bland–Altman plots were used to assess PROM agreement.

Results
82 patients completed all questionnaires. The correlations between SMFA Dysfunction and Bother indices and ODI were 0.89 and 0.86, with EQ-5D-3L index 0.89 and 0.80, and with EQ-VAS 0.80 and 0.73, respectively. The correlation for separate categories of the SMFA dysfunction index (daily activities, emotional status, arm and hand function, mobility) ranged between 0.71–0.87 for ODI, 0.72–0.84 for EQ-5D-3L index, and 0.67–0.77 for EQ-VAS. A selection of the ten items of SMFA that had the highest correlations with ODI resulted in a correlation of 0.91. The agreements between SMFA indices and ODI in Bland–Altman plots were good with small differential biases and minimal proportional biases, but worse for SMFA and EQ-5D-3L index and EQ-VAS.

Conclusion
The SMFA indices are highly correlated with ODI in patients with a spine fracture. The Dysfunction index and Bother index, or selected SMFA items, may be used to assess outcome in patients with spine fractures as an alternative to ODI.
Post-translational modifications on the metal-sequestering protein calprotectin
Authors: Nolan Elizabeth M. , Peet Janet J. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman calprotectin (CP, S100A8/S100A9 oligomer) is an abundant neutrophil protein that contributes to innate immunity by sequestering nutrient metal ions in the extracellular space. This process starves invading microbial pathogens of essential metal nutrients, which can inhibit growth and colonization. Over the past decade, fundamental and clinical studies have revealed that the S100A8 and S100A9 subunits of CP exhibit a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). This review summarizes PTMs on the CP subunits that have been detected and highlights two recent studies that evaluated the structural and functional consequences of methionine and cysteine oxidation on CP. Collectively, these investigations indicate that the molecular speciation of extracellular CP is complex and composed of multiple proteoforms. Moreover, PTMs may impact biological function and the lifetime of the protein. It is therefore important that post-translationally modified CP species receive consideration and integration into the current working model for how CP functions in nutritional immunity.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Brain Delivery of Plasma Protein Bound Drugs
Authors: Pardridge William M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model is developed that focuses on the kinetic parameters of drug association and dissociation with albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), and brain tissue proteins, as well as drug permeability at the blood–brain barrier, drug metabolism, and brain blood flow.

Goal
The model evaluates the extent to which plasma protein-mediated uptake (PMU) of drugs by brain influences the concentration of free drug both within the brain capillary compartment in vivo and the brain compartment. The model also studies the effect of drug binding to brain tissue proteins on the concentration of free drug in brain.

Methods
The steady state and non-steady state PBPK models are comprised of 11–12 variables, and 18–23 parameters, respectively. Two model drugs are analyzed: propranolol, which undergoes modest PMU from the AGP-bound pool, and imipramine, which undergoes a high degree of PMU from both the albumin-bound and AGP-bound pools in plasma.

Results
The free propranolol concentration in brain is under-estimated 2- to fourfold by in vitro measurements of free plasma propranolol, and the free imipramine concentration in brain is under-estimated by 18- to 31-fold by in vitro measurements of free imipramine in plasma. The free drug concentration in brain in vivo is independent of drug binding to brain tissue proteins.

Conclusions
In vitro measurement of free drug concentration in plasma under-estimates the free drug in brain in vivo if PMU in vivo from either the albumin and/or the AGP pools in plasma takes place at the BBB surface.
Solar energy conversion by photosystem II: principles and structures
Authors: Shevela Dmitry , Kern Jan F. , Govindjee Govindjee , Messinger Johannes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for renewable energy applications. The biophysical, computational, and structural description of this process, which started more than 50 years ago, has made tremendous progress over the past two decades, with its high-resolution crystal structures being available not only of the dark-stable state of PSII, but of all the semi-stable reaction intermediates and even some transient states. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on PSII with emphasis on the basic principles that govern the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in PSII, as well as on the illustration of the molecular structures that enable these reactions. The important remaining questions regarding the mechanism of biological water oxidation are highlighted, and one possible pathway for this fundamental reaction is described at a molecular level.
Spatial and cross-sectoral input spillover effects: the case of the Italian tourism industry
Authors: Emili Silvia , Galli Federica 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to extend the literature on multisectoral industries productivity such as tourism by simultaneously analysing the multidimensional nature of the Italian tourism sector in the period 2011–2020, considering both cross-sectoral and spatial spillover effects. To further improve our analysis, we consider two fundamental features for policy decisions: high spatial detail of analysis and the multipurpose nature of the tourism industry. Empirical findings confirm the hypotheses that the productivity level of the Italian tourism industry depends on its ability to make to most of the different input factors coming from different sectors and on (positive and negative) input spillovers.
High-temperature Corrosion of ~ 30 Pct Porous FeCr Stainless Steels in Air: Long-Term Evaluation Up to Breakaway
Authors: Koszelow D. , Makowska M. , Drewniak A. , Cempura G. , Jasiński P. , Molin S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, a long-term (up to 6000 hours) corrosion evaluation of three porous (~ 30 pct of initial porosity) ferritic iron-chromium alloys with different Cr contents (20, 22, and 27 wt pct of Cr) was carried out at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C in air. Mass gain measurements and SEM analyses revealed that at temperatures above 600 °C, all alloys exhibit breakaway corrosion, whereas at 600 °C, none of the alloys were heavily oxidized even after 6000 hours. Based on the results, the diffusion character of the corrosion of porous chromia-forming alloys was identified. The microstructure changes at high temperatures in porous alloys containing 22 wt pct of Cr were determined in detail by transmission electron microscopy. The proposed prediction model indicated that the lifetimes of the Fe20Cr and Fe22Cr alloys were determined as 1250 hours (± 535 hours) and 1460 hours (± 640 hours), respectively. It is in agreement with the long-term oxidation experiment. For the Fe27Cr alloy, the deviation between predicted and observed lifetimes occurs. The proposed model allows for qualitative estimation of the porous alloys’ lifetime with experimentally validated accuracy.
High magnetic field neutron stars and magnetars in binary systems
Authors: Popov Sergei B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSituation with highly magnetized neutron stars in binary systems is not yet certain. On the one hand, all best studied magnetars seem to be isolated objects. On the other, there are many claims based on model-dependent analysis of spin properties or/and luminosity of neutron stars in X-ray binaries in favour of large fields. In addition, there are a few results suggesting a magnetar-like activity of neutron stars in close binary systems. Most of theoretical considerations do not favour even existence, not speaking about active decay, of magnetar-scale fields in neutron stars older than ∼106 yrs. However, alternative scenarios of the field evolution exist. I provide a brief review of theoretical and observational results related to the presence of neutron stars with large magnetic field in binaries and discuss perspectives of future studies.
North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Size and Storm Surge Reconstructions From 1950‐Present
Authors: Gori Avantika , Lin Ning , Schenkel Benjamin , Chavas Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the greatest threats to coastal communities along the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts due to their extreme wind, rainfall and storm surge. Analyzing historical TC climatology and modeling TC hazards can provide valuable insight to planners and decision makers. However, detailed TC size information is typically only available from 1988 onward, preventing accurate wind, rainfall, and storm surge modeling for TCs occurring earlier in the historical record. To overcome temporally limited TC size data, we develop a database of size estimates that are based on reanalysis data and a physics‐based model. Specifically, we utilize ERA5 reanalysis data to estimate the TC outer size, and a physics‐based TC wind model to estimate the radius of maximum wind. We evaluate our TC size estimates using two high‐resolution wind data sets as well as Best Track information for a wide variety of TCs. Using the estimated size information plus the TC track and intensity, we reconstruct historical storm tides from 1950 to 2020 using a basin‐scale hydrodynamic model and show that our reconstructions agree well with observed peak storm tide and storm surge. Finally, we demonstrate that incorporating an expanded set of historical modeled storm tides beginning in 1950 can enhance our understanding of US coastal hazard. Our newly developed database of TC sizes and associated storm tides/surges can aid in understanding North Atlantic TC climatology and modeling TC wind, storm surge, and rainfall hazard along the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
Your smile won’t affect me: Association between childhood maternal antipathy and adult neural reward function in a transdiagnostic sample
Authors: Seitz Katja I. , Ueltzhöffer Kai , Rademacher Lena , Paulus Frieder M. , Schmitz Marius , Herpertz Sabine C. , Bertsch Katja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAberrant activation in the ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation may be a key mechanism linking adverse childhood experiences (ACE) to transdiagnostic psychopathology. This study aimed to elucidate whether retrospectively reported ACE, specifically maternal antipathy, relate to monetary and social reward anticipation in a transdiagnostic adult sample. A cross-sectional neuroimaging study was conducted in 118 participants with varying levels of ACE, including 25 participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 32 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 29 with somatic symptom disorder (SSD), and 32 healthy volunteers (HVs). Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary and social incentive delay task, and completed a self-report measure of ACE, including maternal antipathy. Neural correlates of monetary and social reward anticipation and their association with ACE, particularly maternal antipathy, were analyzed. Participants showed elevated activation in brain regions underlying reward processing, including the VS, only while anticipating social, but not monetary rewards. Participants reporting higher levels of maternal antipathy exhibited reduced activation in the brain reward network, including the VS, only during social, but not monetary reward anticipation. Group affiliation moderated the association between maternal antipathy and VS activation to social reward anticipation, with significant associations found in participants with PTSD and HVs, but not in those with MDD and SSD. Results were not associated with general psychopathology or psychotropic medication use. Childhood maternal antipathy may confer risk for aberrant social reward anticipation in adulthood, and may thus be considered in interventions targeting reward expectations from social interactions.
Socio-economic and ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survival, Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Cromie K. J. , Hughes N. F. , Milner S. , Crump P. , Grinfeld J. , Jenkins A. , Norman P. D. , Picton S. V. , Stiller C. A. , Yeomanson D. , Glaser A. W. , Feltbower R. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing the existence of health inequalities remains a high research and policy agenda item in the United Kingdom. We describe ethnic and socio-economic differences in paediatric cancer survival, focusing specifically on the extent to which disparities have changed over a 20-year period.MethodsCancer registration data for 2674 children (0–14 years) in Yorkshire were analysed. Five-year survival estimates by ethnic group (south Asian/non-south Asian) and Townsend deprivation fifths (I–V) were compared over time (1997–2016) for leukaemia, lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) and other solid tumours. Hazard ratios (HR: 95% CI) from adjusted Cox models quantified the joint effect of ethnicity and deprivation on mortality risk over time, framed through causal interpretation of the deprivation coefficient.ResultsIncreasing deprivation was associated with significantly higher risk of death for children with leukaemia (1.11 (1.03–1.20)) and all cancers between 1997 and 2001. While we observed a trend towards reducing differences in survival over time in this group, a contrasting trend was observed for CNS tumours whereby sizeable variation in outcome remained for cases diagnosed until 2012. South Asian children with lymphoma had a 15% reduced chance of surviving at least 5 years compared to non-south Asian, across the study period.DiscussionEven in the United Kingdom, with a universally accessible healthcare system, socio-economic and ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survival exist. Findings should inform where resources should be directed to provide all children with an equitable survival outcome following a cancer diagnosis.
S100 family proteins are linked to organoid morphology and EMT in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Low Ronnie Ren Jie , Fung Ka Yee , Gao Hugh , Preaudet Adele , Dagley Laura F. , Yousef Jumana , Lee Belinda , Emery-Corbin Samantha J. , Nguyen Paul M. , Larsen Rune H. , Kershaw Nadia J. , Burgess Antony W. , Gibbs Peter , Hollande Frédéric , Griffin Michael D. W. , Grimmond Sean M. , Putoczki Tracy L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a continuum that includes epithelial, partial EMT, and mesenchymal states, each of which is associated with cancer progression, invasive capabilities, and ultimately, metastasis. We used a lineage-traced sporadic model of pancreatic cancer to generate a murine organoid biobank from primary and secondary tumors, including sublines that underwent partial EMT and complete EMT. Using an unbiased proteomics approach, we found that organoid morphology predicts the EMT state, and the solid organoids are associated with a partial EMT signature. We also observed that exogenous TGFβ1 induces solid organoid morphology that is associated with changes in the S100 family, complete EMT, and the formation of high-grade tumors. S100A4 may be a useful biomarker for predicting EMT state, disease progression, and outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Harnessing epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity to boost cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Gu Yuanzhuo , Zhang Zhengkui , ten Dijke Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is a powerful option for cancer treatment. Despite demonstrable progress, most patients fail to respond or achieve durable responses due to primary or acquired ICB resistance. Recently, tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) was identified as a critical determinant in regulating immune escape and immunotherapy resistance in cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging role of tumor EMP in ICB resistance and the tumor-intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms by which tumors exploit EMP to achieve immunosuppression and immune escape. We discuss strategies to modulate tumor EMP to alleviate immune resistance and to enhance the efficiency of ICB therapy. Our discussion provides new prospects to enhance the ICB response for therapeutic gain in cancer patients.
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives for UV-selective and visibly transparent dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wulansari Arum Dista , Hayati Dini , Long Dang Xuan , Choi Kyungah , Hong Jongin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNaturally abundant dyes are very attractive for the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, such as caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), and p-coumaric acid (PA), were considered for the selective harvesting of ultraviolet A (UVA) (315–400 nm) photons. Their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. They were further successfully adopted as photosensitizers in UV-selective and visibly transparent DSSCs, which exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 0.22–0.38% under AM (air mass) 1.5G (global) illumination (100 mW/cm2) and 3.40–3.62% under UVA irradiation (365 nm, 115.22 mW/cm2), with a corresponding visible light transmittance (VLT) of 49.07–43.72% and a general color rendering index (Ra) of 93–90.