bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter randomized trial comparing diagnostic sensitivity and cellular abundance with aggressive versus standard biliary brushing for bile duct stenosis without mass syndrome
Authors: Karsenti David , Privat Jocelyn , Charissoux Aurélie , Perrot Bastien , Leblanc Sarah , Chaput Ulriikka , Boytchev Isabelle , Levy Jonathan , Schaefer Marion , Bourgaux Jean-François , Valats Jean-Christophe , Coron Emmanuel , Moreno-Garcia Maira , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Rahmi Gabriel , Robles Enrique Perez-Cuadrado , Wallenhorst Timothée 
Published: February 2023

Background The diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with a biliary stricture without mass syndrome can be obtained by biliary brushing with a sensitivity of ~50 %. We performed a multicenter randomized crossover trial comparing the aggressive Infinity brush with the standard RX Cytology Brush. The aims were to compare sensitivity for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis and cellularity obtained.
Methods Biliary brushing was performed consecutively with each brush, in a randomized order. Cytological material was studied with blinding to the brush type used and order. The primary end point was sensitivity for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis; the secondary end point was the abundance of cellularity obtained with each brush, with cellularity quantified in order to determine if one brush strongly outperformed the other.
Results 51 patients were included. Final diagnoses were cholangiocarcinoma (n = 43; 84 %), benign (n = 7; 14 %), and indeterminate (n = 1; 2 %). Sensitivity for cholangiocarcinoma was 79 % (34 /43) for the Infinity brush versus 67 % (29/43) for the RX Cytology Brush (P = 0.10). Cellularity was rich in 31/51 cases (61 %) with the Infinity brush and in 10/51 cases (20 %) with the RX Cytology Brush (P < 0.001). In terms of quantification of cellularity, the Infinity brush strongly outperformed the RX Cytology Brush in 28/51 cases (55 %), while the RX Cytology Brush strongly outperformed the Infinity brush in 4/51 cases (8 %; P < 0.001).
Conclusions This randomized crossover trial showed that the Infinity brush is not significantly more effective than the RX Cytology Brush for biliary stenosis without mass syndrome in terms of sensitivity for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis, but does offer a significantly higher abundance of cellularity.
Iodine/Sulfinates: Rapid and Convenient Thiolation of Imidazo Heterocycles without Additives
Authors: Redon Sébastien , Vanelle Patrice , Mendes Anne-Sophie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn unprecedented I2/sulfinate thiolating system is described for the sulfenylation of electron-rich heterocycles. This phosphine-free strategy permits simple, efficient, and fast sulfenylation of imidazo heterocycles, anilines, indoles, coumarins, or enaminones.
Focality in Febrile Seizures: A Retrospective Assessment Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI
Authors: Yeom Jung Sook , Kim Young-Soo , Choi Dae-Seob 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose Defining focality of febrile seizures (FS) in clinical practice remains controversial. We investigated focality issues in FS with a postictal arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed 77 children (median: 19.0 months, range: 15.0–33.0 months) who consecutively visited our emergency room for FS and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including the ASL sequence, within 24 hours of seizure onset. ASL data were visually analyzed to assess perfusion changes. Factors related to the perfusion changes were investigated.
Results The mean time to ASL acquisition was 7.0 (interquartile range: 4.0–11.0) hours. The most common seizure classification was unknown-onset seizures (n = 37, 48%), followed by focal-onset (n = 26, 34%) and generalized-onset seizures (n = 14, 18%). Perfusion changes were observed in 43 (57%) patients: most were hypoperfusion (n = 35, 83%). The temporal regions were the most common location of perfusion changes (n = 26, 60%); the majority of these were distributed in the unilateral hemisphere. Perfusion changes were independently associated with seizure classification (focal-onset seizures, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 9.6, p = 0.01; unknown-onset seizures aOR: 10.4, p < 0.01), and prolonged seizures (aOR: 3.1, p = 0.04), but not with other factors (age, sex, time to MRI acquisition, previous FS, repeated FS within 24 hour, family history of FS, structural abnormality on MRI, and developmental delay). The focality scale of seizure semiology positively correlated with perfusion changes (R = 0.334, p < 0.01).
Conclusion Focality in FS may be common, and its primary origin might be the temporal regions. ASL can be useful for assessing focality in FS, particularly when seizure onset is unknown.
Simulating the population dynamics of barley grass (Hordeum spp.) and impacts of weed management strategies in a southern Australian lucerne (Medicago sativa) pasture
Authors: Kelly Jane E. , Behrendt Karl , Quinn Jane C. 
Published: February 2023

Context Barley grass (Hordeum spp. L.) is an annual, invasive grass weed of southern Australian crops and pastures, frequently associated with weight loss and carcass damage in sheep due to its sharp seeds. Knowledge gaps exist regarding optimal density thresholds for effective control to reduce impacts on animal production. The value of integrated weed management (IWM) over individual control options for reducing barley grass populations in pasture is also unknown. Aims We aimed to develop a model for simulating the population dynamics of barley grass within lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) pastures of southern Australia and to test the hypothesis that combining herbicides with mowing will be more effective for removing barley grass seedbanks over time than individual control measures. Methods The model was developed within Microsoft Excel and adapted from other annual grass models. The model takes a Monte Carlo approach to simulate control impacts on weed seedbanks over 10 years using five weed-control density thresholds. It was parameterised using data from recent experiments and available literature. Key results The most effective long-term control strategy for barley grass occurred with a density threshold of 5 seedlings m−2 by combining early and late herbicide applications, and by combining early and late herbicides with mowing, reducing the seedbank by 86% and 89%, respectively. Conclusions Simulation results showed that IWM programs were more effective than individual control options in reducing the barley grass seedbanks over 10 years, particularly at low weed densities (≤50 seedlings m−2). Implications Incorporation of this model into a bioeconomic grazing systems model will be valuable for determining the economic impacts and optimal weed-control strategies for minimising the effects of barley grass seed contamination in lamb production systems.
Fine-scale variability in catch and growth rates of western rock lobsters (
Authors: Miller A. , de Lestang S. , How J. , Gibbons B. , Lester E. , Navarro M. , Fitzhardinge J. , Brooker M. , Langlois T. 
Published: February 2023

Context The western rock lobster fishery is recognised to be conservatively managed, with breeding stock levels estimated to be at record levels over the past decade. Despite this, anecdotal reports from commercial fishers identified an area of unexpectedly low catches in the centre of the fishery and lobsters’ biogeographic distribution. Aim To confirm the presence of this suspected ‘low-catch’ zone and examine the variability in catch and growth rates of lobsters if identified. Methods This study conducted an intensive mark–recapture survey over 8 months to explore catch rate, density, movement and growth rates across this ‘low-catch’ zone and three comparable locations. Key results In total, 9318 lobsters were caught and 7565 individuals were tagged during the study. Consistently low catch rates of under-sized lobsters were observed in the ‘low-catch’ zone, with catch rates increasing with distance from the zone. By contrast, similar catch rates of legal-sized lobsters were observed across all locations. Conclusions The study confirmed low catch rates, for under-sized lobsters, within an area of perceived low catch rates within the centre of the fishery. The lack of difference found in legal-sized catch rates among locations is likely to be due to the low fishing pressure in the ‘low-catch’ zone, resulting from hyperstability of fishers adapting to the historical perceived low catch rate. Modelled data demonstrated the ‘low-catch’ zone to be associated with faster growth rates and high fine-scale migration, indicating a potential release from density-dependent processes. Implications We anticipate that these results will be a useful starting point for future research into the mechanisms responsible for the unexpectedly low catch of sublegal lobsters within the ‘low-catch’ zone and the implications it may have on the wider population, both regionally and across the species distribution.
Elucidation of a dynamic interplay between a beta-2 adrenergic receptor, its agonist, and stimulatory G protein
Authors: Han Yanxiao , Dawson John R. D. , DeMarco Kevin R. , Rouen Kyle C. , Bekker Slava , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Clancy Colleen E. , Xiang Yang K. , Vorobyov Igor 
Published: February 2023

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest group of membrane receptors for transmembrane signal transduction. Ligand-induced activation of GPCRs triggers G protein activation followed by various signaling cascades. Understanding the structural and energetic determinants of ligand binding to GPCRs and GPCRs to G proteins is crucial to the design of pharmacological treatments targeting specific conformations of these proteins to precisely control their signaling properties. In this study, we focused on interactions of a prototypical GPCR, beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), with its endogenous agonist, norepinephrine (NE), and the stimulatory G protein (Gs). Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we demonstrated the stabilization of cationic NE, NE(+), binding to β2AR by Gsprotein recruitment, in line with experimental observations. We also captured the partial dissociation of the ligand from β2AR and the conformational interconversions of Gsbetween closed and open conformations in the NE(+)–β2AR–Gsternary complex while it is still bound to the receptor. The variation of NE(+) binding poses was found to alter Gsα subunit (Gsα) conformational transitions. Our simulations showed that the interdomain movement and the stacking of Gsα α1 and α5 helices are significant for increasing the distance between the Gsα and β2AR, which may indicate a partial dissociation of Gsα The distance increase commences when Gsα is predominantly in an open state and can be triggered by the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) of β2AR interacting with Gsα, causing conformational changes of the α5 helix. Our results help explain molecular mechanisms of ligand and GPCR-mediated modulation of G protein activation.
Mouse models of human multiple myeloma subgroups
Authors: Winkler Wiebke , Farré Díaz Carlota , Blanc Eric , Napieczynska Hanna , Langner Patrick , Werner Marvin , Walter Barbara , Wollert-Wulf Brigitte , Yasuda Tomoharu , Heuser Arnd , Beule Dieter , Mathas Stephan , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Rosenwald Andreas , Rajewsky Klaus , Janz Martin 
Published: February 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM), a tumor of germinal center (GC)-experienced plasma cells, comprises distinct genetic subgroups, such as the t(11;14)/CCND1 and the t(4;14)/MMSET subtype. We have generated genetically defined, subgroup-specific MM models by the GC B cell-specific coactivation of mouse Ccnd1 or MMSET with a constitutively active Ikk2 mutant, mimicking the secondary NF-κB activation frequently seen in human MM. Ccnd1/Ikk2ca and MMSET/Ikk2ca mice developed a pronounced, clonally restricted plasma cell outgrowth with age, accompanied by serum M spikes, bone marrow insufficiency, and bone lesions. The transgenic plasma cells could be propagated in vivo and showed distinct transcriptional profiles, resembling their human MM counterparts. Thus, we show that targeting the expression of genes involved in MM subgroup-specific chromosomal translocations into mouse GC B cells translates into distinct MM-like diseases that recapitulate key features of the human tumors, opening the way to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic vulnerabilities of different MM subgroups.
A European model of polite conversation?
Authors: Alfonzetti Giovanna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper reconstructs the model of polite conversation that is outlined in two Italian conduct books, Della Casa’s Galateo (1774 [1558]) and Gioia’s Il Nuovo Galateo (1802–1827), a model which will then be compared with one detailed in the German text Über den Umgang mit Menschen by Adolph Knigge (1788). The main aim of this study is to highlight the similarities and differences in texts from different historical time periods and geographical areas, in order to identify a European model of polite conversation, whose roots lie in classical, humanist and Renaissance traditions, and which has some features that are still relevant today. There are some clear similarities between this European model and first-generation theories of politeness, despite the different intent that should distinguish “normative texts” and “descriptive models”. This raises an interesting theoretical question: when studying a social and ethical issue such as politeness, to what extent is it possible to advocate a clear separation between description and prescription?
Investigation on optical and electrical properties of soil discharge under pulse voltage
Authors: Yang Yong , Pi Xiaoqian , Li Chi , Li Chuan , Zhang Haoqin , Chen Huan , Yu Ziheng , Yang Shuai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Many researchers have studied the application of low temperature plasma in soil remediation, but most focus on the degradation efficiency of a specific pollutant, and less attention is paid to the development and evolution process of plasma behind the soil remediation. In this paper, the possible mechanism behind soil discharge under pulse voltage is studied from the perspectives of electricity and optics. The electrical and optical analyses show that the soil discharge under pulse voltage mainly exists at the rising stage of pulse voltage, and the existence time is related with the pulse voltage amplitude. At the same time, the relative intensity of active substances (•OH, H, O Ⅱ and N Ⅰ), vibration temperature and rotational temperature are obtained by using the emission spectrum, which demonstrate that high pulse voltage can increase the concentration of active substances, vibration temperature and rotational temperature.
Anomalous Hall effect of facing-target sputtered Fe3SnN epitaxial film
Authors: Zhang Dongyao , Jiang Jiawei , Li Rui , Mi Wenbo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, polycrystalline iron tin nitride films on different substrates with various nitrogen flow rates were deposited using the facing-target reactive sputtering method. Fe3SnN(111) epitaxial films were fabricated on both Al2O3(0001) and MgO(111) with two standard cubic centimeter per minute N2. The structures, electronic transport and magnetic properties were investigated systematically. The signs of the Hall resistivity slope in a high-field region are reversed when the temperature increases above 50 K, which suggests a temperature-induced transition of charge carriers from electron to hole. The longitudinal resistivity of films indicates metallic conductance mechanism. Different scaling laws were used to distinguish the physical mechanism underlying the observed anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in 60 nm thick Fe3SnN(111) epitaxial film. The skew scattering mechanism is demonstrated to play a dominant role in the AHE. This work not only offers a clear understanding of polycrystalline iron tin nitride films, but also contributes to the fabrication and applications of Fe3SnN(111) epitaxial films in spintronics.
Tuning metal/superconductor to insulator/superconductor coupling via control of proximity enhancement between NbSe2 monolayers
Authors: Chiatti Olivio , Mihov Klara , Griffin Theodor U , Grosse Corinna , Alemayehu Matti B , Hite Kyle , Hamann Danielle , Mogilatenko Anna , Johnson David C , Fischer Saskia F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The interplay between charge transfer and electronic disorder in transition-metal dichalcogenide multilayers gives rise to superconductive coupling driven by proximity enhancement, tunneling and superconducting fluctuations, of a yet unwieldy variety. Artificial spacer layers introduced with atomic precision change the density of states by charge transfer. Here, we tune the superconductive coupling between

NbS

e

2

monolayers from proximity-enhanced to tunneling-dominated. We correlate normal and superconducting properties in

SnSe

1
+
δ

m

NbS

e

2

1

tailored multilayers with varying SnSe layer thickness (

m
=
1
−
15

). From high-field magnetotransport the critical fields yield Ginzburg–Landau coherence lengths with an increase of

140
%

cross-plane (

m
=
1
−
9

), trending towards two-dimensional superconductivity for

m
>
9

. We show cross-overs between three regimes: metallic with proximity-enhanced coupling (

m
=
1
−
4

), disordered-metallic with intermediate coupling (

m
=
5
−
9

) and insulating with Josephson tunneling (

m
>
9

). Our results demonstrate that stacking metal mono- and dichalcogenides allows to convert a metal/superconductor into an insulator/superconductor system, prospecting the control of two-dimensional superconductivity in embedded layers.
Optical film-thinning of graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC(0001): robustness of monolayer-graphene against the photoexcitation
Authors: Horie Ryosuke , Hirosue Ryuichi , Kanasaki Jun’ichi , Kisoda Kenji , Yamamoto Isamu , Azuma Junpei , Takahashi Kazutoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As the properties of graphene films depend on their stacked atomic layers, their thickness should be accurately controlled to improve their specific properties. However, by existing methods, controlling the homogeneity of graphene films at the atomic level remains difficult. In this work, photo-stimulated structural modifications of few-layer graphene epitaxially grown on 4H-SiC(0001) were studied using Raman scattering spectroscopy and core-level photoemission spectroscopy (CLPES). Iterative excitation with laser pulses (800 nm, 100 fs, p-polarized, 250 mJ cm−2) changed the graphene-related two-dimensional (2D) Raman line, which is composed of three components characterized by their different responses upon photoexcitation: two components decaying at fast and slow rates, and a component highly resistant to excitation. CLPES revealed that the observed decay of the 2D line was associated with the elimination of carbon atoms from the graphene layers, finally leaving the robust thin film of single-layer graphene by prolonged excitation. Therefore, this work clearly demonstrates the thickness-dependent structural stability of graphene to optical excitation and opens a promising new method for thinning graphene. An underlying mechanism for the photo-stimulated modifications was also proposed.
Impurity metallic conduction below the critical concentration of metal-insulator transition in Fe

1−x

Co
x
Si
Authors: Krishnan M , Ganesan V 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Analysis on very detailed measurements of resistivity (ρ) and thermoelectric power (S) of magnetic impurity (Co) substituted iron silicide (FeSi) has been presented in this report. The impurity valence electrons of Co dominate the whole physical properties at low temperatures below 35 K, below the critical concentration x

c
(≈0.02). The negative thermopower and the positive slope in the resistivity at low temperatures are exciting and show that the system is not entirely insulator below the critical concentration of metal–insulator transition (x

c
). So, due to the external impurity electrons, the system’s magnetic ground state could change considerably compared to the parent compound FeSi. This report may help unveil the interesting low-temperature transport properties between x = 0 and x = 0.04 (Fe

1
−
x

Co
x
Si). Two band model and variable range hopping model were employed to explain the low-temperature electrical and thermal transport properties.
Physics of molecular deformation mechanism in 6H-SiC
Authors: Mitra Nilanjan , Ramesh K T 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Even though there have been several studies in literature of 6H SiC, a proper physics based understanding of the molecular deformation mechanisms of the material under different loading conditions is still lacking. Experimentally, the brittle nature of the material leads to difficulties associated with in-situ determination of molecular deformation mechanisms of the material under an applied load; whereas, the complex material structure along with the bonding environment prevents proper computational identification of different types of inelasticity mechanisms within the material. Molecular dynamics study (on successful verification of the interatomic potential with experimental results) of pristine single crystals of 6H SiC have been used to probe the physics of molecular deformation mechanisms of the material along with its inherent orientational anisotropy. The study elucidates the experimentally observed mechanisms of defect nucleation and evolution through a detailed analysis of radial distribution functions, x-ray diffraction as well as phonon vibrational studies of the single crystal. Studies have been presented at room temperature, initial high temperature and different types of confinement effects of the material (including hydrostatic and different biaxial loading cases). The confinement resulted in an increase in stress and stiffness whereas increase in initial temperature resulted in a decrease compared to uniaxial stress loading conditions at room temperature.
Composite capillary carbon tube Nb18W16O93 as advanced anode material for aqueous ion capacitors
Authors: Chen Huan , Zheng Yujing , Bao Hongliang , Zhang Huaihao , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Niobium-tungsten bimetal oxides have received wide attention due to their excellent lattice properties. In this work, Nb18W16O93 (NbWO) with a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure was synthesized by simple hydrothermal method. NbWO was modified to provide high specific surface area via combining with hollow carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile, NbWO grows along the tube wall of carbon nanotubes, thus buffering the volume effect of NbWO particles. Also, the migration distance of Li-ion is effectively shortened, as well as the improved ion transfer efficiency and the reaction kinetics. In addition, carbon tube can enhance conductivity of NbWO, contributing to outstanding charge storage capacity and rate energy. Precisely, NbWO@C as electrode possesses large specific capacity (249.6 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and good rate performance (55.9% capacity retention from 0.5 to 2 A g−1). The aqueous Li-ion capacitor presents the advantages of high safety, low cost and good environmental friendliness. An asymmetric aqueous capacitor AC//NbWO@C, based on ‘water-in-salt’ electrolyte with high concentration lithium acetate, exhibits a large energy density of 43.2 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 9 kW kg−1. Generally, NbWO@C as anode materials shows superior application perspective.