bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers and treatments for mood disorders encompassing the neurosteroid and endocannabinoid systems
Authors: Pinna Graziano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMood disorders, including major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder and suicidality are highly prevalent, associated with a significant economic burden, and remain poorly diagnosed and poorly treated psychiatric conditions. In part, this may result from the lack of biomarkers that can guide precision medicine with individualized treatments for millions of individuals who suffer these debilitating conditions worldwide. While several biomarker candidates have been proposed for mood disorders, none has been implemented in clinical practice and the treatment still relies in the prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors that shows mixed efficacy and significant side effects. Both neurosteroid biosynthesis and the endocannabinoid system have recently provided evidence for pharmacological targets to improve mood symptoms and the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone has recently been approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of post‐partum depression. Clinical studies also show efficacy for the management of major depression and more studies are being conducted to study efficacy in post‐traumatic stress disorder. Likewise, the endocannabinoid‐like modulator, N‐palmioyl ethanolamide (PEA) has shown efficacy in the treatment of major depression and bipolar disorder. While these new agents are coming forward in the field of neuropsychopharmacology as a new generation of fast‐acting antidepressants, the hypothesis of whether their deficits underlying mood disorders could constitute valid predictive biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of these conditions is under consideration.
FOLFOX‐bevacizumab chemotherapy in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Lacombe Caroline , Perrier Marine , Hentic Olivia , Brixi Hedia , De Rycke Ophélie , Cros Jérôme , Rebours Vinciane , Cadiot Guillaume , Ruszniewski Philippe , de Mestier Louis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are highly vascularized neoplasms. While FOLFOX chemotherapy has shown efficacy in patients with advanced NETs, its combination with antiangiogenics has been scarcely described. Here, we report the efficacy and tolerance of FOLFOX‐bevacizumab in this setting. We retrospectively studied all consecutive patients with metastatic NET treated by FOLFOX‐bevacizumab in two expert centers from 2013 to 2020. We assessed time to treatment failure (TTF), objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity. We explored factors associated with TTF and ORR using multivariate analyses. We included 57 patients (35.1% female, median age 61.7 years), with pancreatic (66.7%), small‐intestine (14%) or lung (7%) NETs. Most patients (57.9%) had extra‐hepatic metastases and G3 NETs accounted for 40.3% of cases. Patients received a median of 17 cycles of treatment, including a median of seven cycles of bevacizumab and/or 5‐fluorouracile maintenance. Median TTF was 15.5 months (95% CI: 9.8–21.2) and was shorter in patients age > 60 years (HR 2.56, 95% CI: 1.16–5.64), p = .020) and >1 previous systemic treatment line (HR 4.15, 95% CI: 1.96–8.78), p < .001). The ORR was 42.9% and was higher in cases of performance status at 0 (OR 5.25, 95% CI: 1.13–24.35), p = .034) and G3 NET (OR 5.39, 95% CI: 1.23–23.52), p = .025). The FOLFOX‐bevacizumab combination has promising efficacy in patients with progressive metastatic NETs and notably for G3 NETs, for which optimal treatment as yet remains ill‐defined. Hence, it could be a relevant alternative to alkylating‐based chemotherapy in this setting and should be further explored prospectively.
Insurance fraud detection: A statistically validated network approach
Authors: Tumminello Michele , Consiglio Andrea , Vassallo Pietro , Cesari Riccardo , Farabullini Fabio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFraud is a social phenomenon, and fraudsters often collaborate with other fraudsters, taking on different roles. The challenge for insurance companies is to implement claim assessment and improve fraud detection accuracy. We developed an investigative system based on bipartite networks, highlighting the relationships between subjects and accidents or vehicles and accidents. We formalize filtering rules through probability models and test specific methods to assess the existence of communities in extensive networks and propose new alert metrics for suspicious structures. We apply the methodology to a real database—the Italian Antifraud Integrated Archive—and compare the results to out‐of‐sample fraud scams under investigation by the judicial authorities.
Patient outcomes in a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dodsworth Alastair , Munro Katie , Alberti Hugh , Hirsh David A. , Paes Paul , Illing Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContextPatient–student relationships are at the heart of Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs). Outcomes for students and preceptors are beneficial, but patient outcomes remain unclear. This systematic literature review explored the current evidence base of patient outcomes in an LIC. Patient outcomes were defined as issues related to patient safety, clinical effectiveness or patient experience.MethodsSeven bibliographic databases were searched. A wider search strategy included a hand search of three medical education journals' previous issues and backward/forward citation searching of included studies and of a relevant systematic review. Included studies were quality appraised and assessed for their strength and level of evidence. A qualitative data synthesis was performed.ResultsDatabases searches identified 7237 titles. Following the removal of duplicates, titles and abstracts were reviewed against the inclusion criteria. Forty‐eight studies had a full‐text review. Nineteen met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were included from the wider search strategy. From the 26 included studies, two major themes were identified. (1) ‘A trusting patient‐student relationship’ contains the sub‐themes: ‘care and compassion’, ‘patient education and empowerment’ and ‘the loss of the student as ‘my’ doctor’. (2) ‘The student acts as an agent of change for the patient’ contains the sub‐themes: ‘patient advocacy’, ‘supporting the patient to navigate the healthcare system’, ‘communication between patient and healthcare professional’ and ‘enhancement of preceptors’ care, healthcare services and communities'.ConclusionsLICs provide educational continuity allowing the creation of a trusting patient–student relationship. This relationship leads to students becoming agents of change for patients by enhancing patient outcomes. This review provides further evidence on the benefits of having an LIC as part of the medical education curricula and implications for its successful delivery. Further research is needed to explore educationally induced benefits for patients and look at objective assessments of patient health outcomes.
VariableDNAtopology is an epigenetic generator of physiological heterogeneity in bacterial populations
Authors: Dorman Charles J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTranscription is a noisy and stochastic process that produces sibling‐to‐sibling variations in physiology across a population of genetically identical cells. This pattern of diversity reflects, in part, the burst‐like nature of transcription. Transcription bursting has many causes and a failure to remove the supercoils that accumulate in DNA during transcription elongation is an important contributor. Positive supercoiling of the DNA ahead of the transcription elongation complex can result in RNA polymerase stalling if this DNA topological roadblock is not removed. The relaxation of these positive supercoils is performed by the ATP‐dependent type II topoisomerases DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Interference with the action of these topoisomerases involving, inter alia, topoisomerase poisons, fluctuations in the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio, and/or the intervention of nucleoid‐associated proteins with GapR‐like or YejK‐like activities, may have consequences for the smooth operation of the transcriptional machinery. Antibiotic‐tolerant (but not resistant) persister cells are among the phenotypic outliers that may emerge. However, interference with type II topoisomerase activity can have much broader consequences, making it an important epigenetic driver of physiological diversity in the bacterial population.
The Interaction of Philosophy and Theology in Aquinas's Christology
Authors: Gorman Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAquinas accepts the harmony of faith and reason, but he does not think that such harmony is always easily arrived at. After making some background points about his views on faith, reason, philosophy, and theology, I explore two cases drawn from his Christology. In the first, philosophical thinking influences how we understand revelation; in the second, theological thinking influences how we understand a topic normally thought of as part of philosophy. In both cases, harmony is not pre-given but instead arrived at only through a process of adjustment.
Reducing paediatric unintended extubation: A standardized bundle approach
Authors: Underwood Lindsay F. , Norman Sharon , Orwoll Benjamin , DeVane Kenneth , Taha Asma 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnintended extubation (UE) is a serious risk associated with endotracheal intubation. In the paediatric population, UE can lead to significant patient harm. On average, each UE increases ICU and hospital length of stay by 5.5 and 6.5 days respectively and costs an additional $36 000. The international benchmark rate of UE for quality analysis cited in the literature is <1 per 100 ventilator days. The United States organization Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) developed and introduced a bundle to reduce UE with a goal of ≤0.95 per 100 ventilator days.AimThe aim of this quality improvement project was to determine the baseline rate of UE in a 20‐bed mixed medical/surgical PICU in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, implement the SPS bundle for UE prevention, and assess adherence to the bundle, and subsequent rate of UE.Study designThe IHI Model for Improvement Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) was used to guide the development, implementation, and assessment of the SPS UE Bundle standardizing the management of endotracheal tubes. Adherence to the bundle was measured through peer‐to‐peer audits. Rates of adherence and UE were monitored on line charts.ResultsBaseline rate of UE was 1.83 per 100 ventilator days; 23 weeks post implementation of the bundle the rate of UE was reduced to 0.38 UE per 100 ventilator days, F(7, 9) = 4.685, p = 0.027. The mean bundle adherence was 92%.ConclusionsThis quality improvement initiative confirms that high adherence to the SPS UE Bundle may significantly reduce rates of UE in PICU settings.Relevance to clinical practiceUse of the SPS evidence‐based discrete UE bundle and high adherence to the bundle can standardize practise and may reduce unintended extubation in the paediatric population.
Cold stress induces malformed tomato fruits by breaking the feedback loops of stem cell regulation in floral meristem
Authors: Wu Junqing , Sun Wenru , Sun Chao , Xu Chunmiao , Li Shuang , Li Pengxue , Xu Huimin , Zhu Danyang , Li Meng , Yang Liling , Wei Jinbo , Hanzawa Aya , Tapati Sumaiya Jannat , Uenoyama Reiko , Miyazaki Masao , Rahman Abidur , Wu Shuang 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Fruit malformation is a major constrain in fruit production worldwide resulting in substantial economic losses. The farmers for decades noticed that the chilling temperature before blooming often caused malformed fruits. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear.

Here we examined the fruit development in response to cold stress in tomato, and demonstrated that short‐term cold stress increased the callose accumulation in both shoot apical and floral meristems, resulting in the symplastic isolation and altered intercellular movement of WUS.

In contrast to the rapidly restored SlWUS transcription during the recovery from cold stress, the callose removal was delayed due to obstructed plasmodesmata. The delayed reinstatement of cell‐to‐cell transport of SlWUS prevented the activation of SlCLV3 and TAG1, causing the interrupted feedback inhibition of SlWUS expression, leading to the expanded stem cell population and malformed fruits. We further showed that the callose dynamics in response to short‐term cold stress presumably exploits the mechanism of bud dormancy during the seasonal growth, involving two antagonistic hormones, abscisic acid and gibberellin.

Our results provide a novel insight into the cold stress regulated malformation of fruit.
Unicystic ameloblastoma: A retrospective study on recurrent factors from a single institute database
Authors: Yang Rong , Lin Xiaohu , Zhang Wenming , Gokavarapu Sandhya , Lin Chengzhong , Ren Zhenhu , Hu Yongjie , Cao Wei , Ji Tong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveUnicystic ameloblastomas are a variant of ameloblastoma with a definite recurrence rate because of the biological behaviours of the tumour. The risk factors associated with disease recurrence were analysed in this retrospective study.MethodsA total of 132 patients with primary unicystic ameloblastoma reported in a tertiary hospital from 2005 to 2015 were analysed to identify the clinic‐pathological and radiological factors associated with recurrence using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe mean volume was 30.54cm3 ± 12.55 cm3, and this value differed significantly according to recurrence (p < 0.001). Root resorption and bone cortex/soft tissue invasion were also significantly associated with recurrence among unicystic ameloblastoma patients (p = 0.017 vs. p < 0.001, respectively). A new stage classification system was developed to predict disease recurrence of patients. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the new stage classification system was the only predictor of disease recurrence in unicystic ameloblastoma patients (p < 0.001), regardless of root resorption, position and site characteristics.ConclusionsVolume, root resorption and bone cortex/soft tissue invasion were risk factors for disease recurrence among unicystic ameloblastoma patients. The new stage classification was an independent predictor of disease recurrence in patients with unicystic ameloblastoma.
Diagnostic delay in autoimmune oral diseases
Authors: Petruzzi Massimo , della Vella Fedora , Squicciarini Nicola , Lilli Davide , Campus Guglielmo , Piazzolla Giuseppina , Lucchese Alberta , van der Waal Isaac 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutoimmune diseases (ADs) affect about 5% of the general population, causing various systemic and/or topical clinical manifestations. The oral mucosa is often affected, sometimes as the only involved site. The misdiagnosis of oral ADs is an underreported issue. This narrative review focuses on diagnostic delay (DD) in oral ADs (oral lichen planus [OLP], oral Pemphigus Vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, oral lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, oral erythema multiforme [EM], and Sjogren syndrome). Extensive literature research was conducted via MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar databases for articles reporting the time spent to achieve the correct diagnosis of oral ADs. Only 16 studies reported DD in oral ADs. Oral autoimmune vesiculobullous diseases are usually diagnosed after 8 months from the initial signs/symptoms, the Sjogren Syndrome diagnosis usually requires about 73 months. No data exist about the DD in OLP, oral lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, and oral EM. The diagnosis of oral ADs can be difficult due to the non‐specificity of their manifestations and the unawareness of dentists, physicians, and dental and medical specialists about these diseases. This can lead to a professional DD and a consequential treatment delay. The delay can be attributed to the physicians or/and the healthcare system (Professional Delay) or the patient (Patient's Delay).
Plant leads for mitigation of oral submucous fibrosis: Current scenario and future prospect
Authors: Pal Sarita , Sharma Disha , Yadav Narayan Prasad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this review is to enumerate medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds that may become potential leads in the mitigation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) in the forthcoming future. It is focused on pathophysiology, risk factors, current treatment regimen, potential plant leads, and future therapies for OSMF. Data were extracted from a vast literature survey by using SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed search engines with relevant keywords. Upon literature survey, we found that the phytochemical ‘arecoline’ present in the areca nut is the main causative agent of OSMF condition. Currently, OSMF is treated by immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, enzymes (hyaluronidase, chymotrypsin, and collagenase), anti‐inflammatory mediators (isoxsuprine and pentoxifylline), dietary supplements (vitamins, antioxidants, and micronutrients), and anti‐fibrotic cytokines like interferon‐gamma that provides short‐term symptomatic relief to OSMF patients. However, some plant leads have been proven effective in alleviating symptoms and mitigating OSMF, which ultimately improves the quality of OSMF patients' life. We concluded that plant drugs like lycopene, curcumin, Aloe vera, colchicine, and Glycyrrhiza glabra are effective against OSMF in various in vitro and/or clinical studies and are being used by modern and traditional practitioners.
The utility of probability plotting in palaeobiology
Authors: Rinehart Larry F. , Heckert Andrew B. , Lucas Spencer G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe introduce probability plotting for general use in the analysis of biological and palaeontological morphometric data. When applied to morphometric data, this analytical tool can yield palaeoecological, ontogenetic and demographic information. We have adapted and expanded a statistical tool used in reliability engineering, mechanical or electrical lifetime analysis, geochemistry and ore mineral analysis to analyse fossil populations. The technique is explained stepwise in a ‘user's manual’ format. Its power is to characterize statistical distribution types, to determine whether these distributions are skewed or truncated, and to resolve and quantify the components of mixed distributions, which in palaeontological data potentially represent morphological groupings such as cohorts or sexual dimorphs. The ease of application and simplicity are surprising. A probability plot of growth series data (e.g. skull lengths, femoral lengths, snout‐to‐vent lengths or other morphometrics) typically shows complex non‐normal distribution of the data because of multimodal composition. We show that these component modes, which are generally, but not always normal (i.e. Gaussian), can be resolved, and that they correspond to yearly age groups (cohorts), sexual dimorphs, pre‐ and post‐metamorphic forms, other ontogenetic stages or possibly mixed taxa. When these component size distributions are associated with an age group or sex, several important palaeoecological calculations become possible. These include growth curves, age and sex distributions, sexual dimorphism indices, etc. We demonstrate the biological and palaeontological utility of probability plots with several examples including a Permian wingless insect, an extant unionid bivalve, a Triassic metoposaurid amphibian, an extant lizard, and a Triassic theropod dinosaur.
Transition of care in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: A survey study
Authors: Han Joohee , Dykman Morgan , Lunos Scott , Nguyen Audrey , Hook Kristen P. , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Price Harper N. , Diaz Lucia , Levy Moise , Boull Christina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere are little published data on the transition of care in EB. We conducted a survey study recruiting EB patients from the Dystrophic EB Research Association (debra) website and centers caring for high numbers of EB patients in the United States and internationally from Sept 17, 2019 to Nov 3, 2021. The majority of participants had not discussed the transition of care with their healthcare providers, nor the healthcare needs to be required as an adult. Ongoing pediatric subspecialty care was reported by 12% of adults, most commonly in pediatric dermatology. Identified barriers to transition included the perceived lack of adult providers' knowledge about EB patient healthcare needs. The results suggest the need for transition guidelines, early discussions with families about transition, and practical information for the adult providers accepting care.
Effects of short‐term treatment with vibegron for refractory nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Uchihara Yoshinori , Yamashita Sumie , Watanabe Hiroki , Hata Daisuke , Hata Atsuko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term nocturnal enuresis treatment leads to stress and lowered self‐esteem for children and their parents. This study evaluated the short‐term effectiveness and safety of vibegron (50 mg) for children with refractory nocturnal enuresis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of children with therapy‐resistant enuresis was conducted using data for July to December 2019. Enuresis frequency was recorded during 30 days before and after additional vibegron administration with prior treatment. We assessed the treatment effectiveness based on enuresis frequencies between before and after treatment with vibegron 50 mg. Statistical evaluation was performed using a paired t‐test.ResultsAmong 29 children receiving vibegron, 14 (48.3%) exhibited a partial or complete response to the drug. Enuresis frequencies (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) were, respectively, 15.8 ± 9.2 and 9.5 ± 9.6 before and after treatment with vibegron during the observed 30 days. A statistically significant reduction in enuresis frequency was found (p < 0.001). Moreover, maximum mean±SD morning urine of 200 ± 62.9 mL before treatment with vibegron changed to 232 ± 76.6 mL after treatment. A significant increase in voiding volume in the early morning was found (p < 0.05). No drug‐related severe adverse event was found.ConclusionShort‐term treatment with vibegron is safe and effective for children with refractory enuresis.