bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering ableism: The exclusion and devaluation of engineering students and professionals with physical disabilities and chronic and mental illness
Authors: Cech Erin A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe experiences of students and professionals with disabilities are routinely excluded from scholarly and policy debates about equity in engineering. Emergent research suggests that engineering is particularly ableist, yet systematic accounts of the possible exclusion and devaluation faced by engineers with disabilities are largely missing.Purpose/HypothesisThis paper asks, do engineers with disabilities have more negative interpersonal experiences in engineering classrooms and workplaces than those without disabilities? Utilizing a social relational model of disability, I hypothesize that engineers with physical disabilities and chronic and mental illness are more likely to experience exclusion and professional devaluation than their peers and, partly as a result, have lower persistence intentions.Data/MethodsThe paper uses survey data from 1729 students enrolled in eight US engineering programs (American Society for Engineering Education Diversity and Inclusion Survey) and 8321 US‐employed engineers (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Inclusion Study Survey). Analyses use regression, mediation, and intersectional approaches.ResultsConsistent with expectations, engineering students and professionals with disabilities are less likely than their peers to experience social inclusion and professional respect at school and work. Students with disabilities are more likely to intend to leave their engineering programs and professionals with disabilities are more likely to have thought about leaving their engineering jobs compared to peers, and their greater risks of encountering interpersonal bias help account for these differences. Analyses also reveal intersectional variation by gender and race/ethnicity.ConclusionThese results suggest that engineering harbors widespread ableism across education and work. The findings demand more scholarly attention to the social, cultural, and physical barriers that block people with disabilities from full and equal participation in engineering.
Synthesis of cyclic amino acid baikiain via asymmetric phase transfer catalysis
Authors: Espinoza‐Hicks José C. , Chávez‐Flores David , Galán Gerardo Zaragoza , Camacho‐Dávila Alejandro A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of the cyclic, naturally occurring amino acid baikiain from glycine and cis‐1,4‐butenediol is reported. The key step of the synthesis is an enantioselective phase transfer catalyzed allylation of the benzophenone imine of glycine t‐butyl ester, catalyzed by a cinchonidine quaternary ammonium salt, which provided the allylated glycine in 82% yield and 80% e.e. Further deprotection and hydrolysis of the Schiff base followed by an intramolecular Mitsunobu ring closure reaction yielded the corresponding piperidine ring system in 77% yield, which by hydrolysis yielded baikiain hydrochloride in 36% overall yield. Hydrogenation of the double bond could provide access to (S)‐pipecolic acid, which is also an important chiral synthon.
Is there ‘undue’ deindustrialization in developed countries?
Authors: He Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeindustrialization in the sense of a decline in the share of industry in GDP, generally observed in developed countries, is explained by the three‐sector model. While this model shows a ‘normal’ level of deindustrialization, this study proposes to use unbalanced trade to assess the existence of undue deindustrialization in 21 major developed countries and empirically confirms its existence. At finer sectoral levels, by grouping these countries into Europ16 and Pacific5, the direct and indirect impacts of trade on these countries over the period 1991–2018 are assessed. The results suggest that Pacific5 was more affected than Europ16 and that China exerted stronger trade effects in causing this undue decline than nine other emerging Asian countries combined.
The impact of nurse staffing on turnover and quality: An empirical examination of nursing care within hospital units
Authors: Peng Xiaosong (David) , Ye Yuan , Ding Xin (David) , Chandrasekaran Aravind 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInadequate nurse staffing continues to challenge healthcare delivery in the United States. In this research, we undertake a fine‐grained, unit‐level analysis to understand the relationships between nurse staffing, nurse turnover, and pressure ulcers, the latter of which is a key nursing‐sensitive care quality indicator. We examine these relationships within two types of hospital units: intensive care units (ICUs) and medical‐surgical (MedSurg) units, which have unique patient mixes and needs. Using hospital unit‐level data between 2008 and 2017, we show that nurse staffing primarily affects nurse turnover in ICUs, and that the adverse effects of nurse turnover on care quality tend to be stronger in ICUs than in MedSurg units. These findings provide important theoretical insights into the varying roles of staffing, turnover, and quality across organizational units. The findings suggest that hospital administrators may prioritize staffing needs for ICUs over MedSurg units to maintain strong quality performance on measures such as pressure ulcers. Further, our study reveals that staffing requirements for ICUs may be inadequate compared with MedSurg units. Thus, there is a need to evaluate existing guidelines on ICU staffing.
The use of alternative irrigation and cropping systems in forage production may alleviate the water scarcity in semi‐arid regions
Authors: Baghdadi Amirsaleh , Golzardi Farid , Hashemi Masoud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDStrategies to enhance the efficient use of irrigation water require a major shift in irrigation and cropping systems. It was hypothesized that (i) replacing water‐demanding crops such as corn silage with more drought‐tolerant forages species, (ii) adoption of intercropping instead of monoculture, and (iii) use of alternative irrigation methods, may alleviate the water shortage in semi‐arid regions, while producing high‐quality forage.RESULTSAdoption of drip irrigation (DRIP) and alternate furrow irrigation (AFI) reduced water consumption by 43% and 20%, respectively. Additionally, DRIP produced 11% more biomass than the conventional furrow irrigation. The intercropped ratio of 50% sorghum and 50% amaranth under DRIP maximized forage production and improved irrigation water‐use efficiency (IWUE). Principal component analysis indicated that the DRIP increased the dry matter yield and IWUE, whereas the AFI improved the forage quality. The intercropped ratio of 75% sorghum and 25% amaranth demonstrated the highest yield stability and was considered superior cropping system regardless of the irrigation strategies.CONCLUSIONSDRIP and AFI strategies were effective in reducing water consumption, with DRIP being the most water‐efficient method. Intercropping sorghum and amaranth at a ratio of 50:50 under DRIP resulted in the highest forage yield and IWUE. While sole amaranth had the highest forage quality, intercropping sorghum and amaranth increased dry matter production with better forage quality than sorghum monoculture. Overall, the combination of DRIP and intercropping sorghum and amaranth at a ratio of 50:50 considered as a suitable strategy for improving forage yield and quality, as well as IWUE. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Galectin‐3 and RAGE differentially control advanced glycation endproduct‐induced collagen damage in murine intervertebral disc organ culture
Authors: Gallate Zachary S. , D'Erminio Danielle N. , Nasser Philip , Laudier Damien M. , Iatridis James C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundBack and neck pain are leading causes of global disability that are associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Causes of IVD degeneration are multifactorial, and diet, age, and diabetes have all been linked to IVD degeneration. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in the IVD as a result of aging, diet, and diabetes, and AGE accumulation in the IVD has been shown to induce oxidative stress and catabolic activity that result in collagen damage. An association between AGE accumulation and IVD degeneration is emerging, yet mechanism behind this association remains unclear. The Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is thought to induce catabolic responses in the IVD, and the AGE receptor Galectin 3 (Gal3) had a protective effect in other tissue systems but has not been evaluated in the IVD.MethodsThis study used an IVD organ culture model with genetically modified mice to analyze the roles of RAGE and Gal3 in an AGE challenge.ResultsGal3 was protective against an AGE challenge in the murine IVD ex vivo, limiting collagen damage and biomechanical property changes. Gal3 receptor levels in the AF significantly decreased upon an AGE challenge. RAGE was necessary for AGE‐induced collagen damage in the IVD, and RAGE receptor levels in the AF significantly increased upon AGE challenge.DiscussionThese findings suggest both RAGE and Gal3 are important in the IVD response to AGEs and highlight Gal3 as an important receptor with protective effects on collagen damage. This research improves understanding the mechanisms of AGE‐induced IVD degeneration and suggests Gal3 receptor modulation as a potential target for preventative and therapeutic treatment for IVD degeneration.
Crossing of the Branch Cut: The Topological Origin of a Universal 2π‐Phase Retardation in Non‐Hermitian Metasurfaces
Authors: Colom Rémi , Mikheeva Elena , Achouri Karim , Zuniga‐Perez Jesus , Bonod Nicolas , Martin Olivier J. F. , Burger Sven , Genevet Patrice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFull wavefront control by photonic components requires that the spatial phase modulation on an incoming optical beam ranges from 0 to 2π. Because of their radiative coupling to the environment, all optical components are intrinsically non‐Hermitian systems, often described by reflection and transmission matrices with complex eigenfrequencies. Here, it is shown that parity or time symmetry breaking—either explicit or spontaneous—moves the position of zero singularities of the reflection or transmission matrices from the real axis to the upper part of the complex frequency plane. A universal 0 to 2π‐phase gradient of an output channel as a function of the real frequency excitation is thus realized whenever the discontinuity branch bridging a zero and a pole, that is, a pair of singularities, is crossing the real axis. This basic understanding is applied to engineer electromagnetic fields at interfaces, including, but not limited to, metasurfaces. Non‐Hermitian topological features associated with exceptional degeneracies or branch cut crossing are shown to play a surprisingly pivotal role in the design of resonant photonic systems.
Automated generation of comparator patients in the electronic medical record
Authors: Rigdon Joseph , Ostasiewski Brian , Woelfel Kamah , Wiseman Kimberly D. , Hetherington Tim , Downs Stephen , Kowalkowski Marc 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWell‐designed randomized trials provide high‐quality clinical evidence but are not always feasible or ethical. In their absence, the electronic medical record (EMR) presents a platform to conduct comparative effectiveness research, central to the emerging academic learning health system (aLHS) model. A barrier to realizing this vision is the lack of a process to efficiently generate a reference comparison group for each patient.ObjectiveTo test a multi‐step process for the selection of comparators in the EMR.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods study within a large aLHS in North Carolina. We (1) created a list of 35 candidate variables; (2) surveyed 270 researchers to assess the importance of candidate variables; and (3) built consensus rankings around survey‐identified variables (ie, importance scores >7) across two panels of 7–8 clinical research experts. Prioritized algorithm inputs were collected from the EMR and applied using a greedy matching technique. Feasibility was measured as the percentage of patients with 100 matched comparators and performance was measured via computational time and Euclidean distance.ResultsNine variables were selected: age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, insurance status, smoking status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and neighborhood percentage in poverty. The final process successfully generated 100 matched comparators for each of 1.8 million candidate patients, executed in less than 100 min for the majority of strata, and had average Euclidean distance 0.043.ConclusionEMR‐derived matching is feasible to implement across a diverse patient population and can provide a reproducible, efficient source of comparator data for observational studies, with additional testing in clinical research applications needed.
The impact of regional environmental regulations on digital transformation of energy companies: The moderating role of the top management team
Authors: Yu Feifei , Zhang Qing , Jiang Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow energy businesses undergo digital transformation is a critical topic in light of China's “dual carbon” strategy. Based on institutional theory, upper‐echelon theory, and managerial‐mindset solidification, this article examines how regional environmental regulation affects the digital transformation of energy enterprises from 2016 to 2021 and the moderating role of the top management team in this transformation. The empirical findings show that regional environmental regulations significantly promote the digital transformation of energy companies; however, the average age, education level, and average tenure of the top management team can negatively influence this effect. The results of this study also lead to recommendations on how government agencies and energy enterprises should undertake digital transformation.
Lateral kinematic response of offshore pipe piles to S‐wave seismic excitation
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Luo Tong , Luan Lubao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical study on the lateral kinematic response of offshore pipe piles subjected to vertically propagating S‐wave seismic excitation. Both the kinematic interaction of the pipe pile with the soil and seawater are considered. The lateral resistances of the outer and inner soil are obtained based on the confined viscoelastic dynamic continuum models, while the hydrodynamic pressures of the seawater are based on the inviscid incompressible fluid theory. The pile response is then obtained by utilizing the continuity condition at the soil‐pile and seawater‐pile interfaces along the pile shaft. The derived solution is employed to investigate the sensitivity of the seismic response of pipe piles to certain key problem parameters, such as length of pile segment embedded in seawater, the relative stiffness of the pile and soil and the pile radius ratio. We demonstrate that the partially embedded piles are much more flexible compared with fully embedded piles when subjected to S‐wave excitation, resulting more strong motion transferred to the superstructures and the existence of seawater will amplify the seismic responses of offshore pipe piles.
A Bayesian inference approach for parametric identification through optimal control method
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mainak , Feissel Pierre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of the research is to obtain deterministic and probabilistic resolution of material parameters from full field measurements of kinematic data acquired from digital image correlation. The deterministic inverse problem involves formulation of an optimal control approach where the complete knowledge of the boundary conditions and the measurement data are not required. The probabilistic framework inculcates this optimal control method in a Bayesian inference framework. A Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method is applied to obtain the posterior probability density function, along with a radial basis function network for the numerical frugality of the samplings.
Communication about weight‐related issues with adult patients with obesity in general practice: A scoping review
Authors: Lindberg Cecilie Sonne , Sandbaek Annelli , Jensen Sissel Due , Meldgaard Bruun Jens , Andreassen Pernille 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrimary care providers see patients with obesity in general practice every day but may be challenged regarding communication about obesity. The research question of this study is: how do general practitioners and general practice staff and adult patients with obesity communicate about weight‐related issues?MethodsA scoping review approach was used, searching PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL for peer‐reviewed studies – of both quantitative and/or qualitative study designs, and published between 2001 and 2021.ResultsTwenty articles were included. The weight‐related issues discussed were by far physical issues, and only one study mentioned psychosocial issues. Most of the included studies contained information on who initiates the communication, how the weight‐related issues are addressed and handled, and also obstacles and challenges in relation to the communication. The studies lacked information of when the weight‐related issues are addressed and differences in views and experiences when discussing weight‐related issues in general practice.ConclusionStudies with the main focus communication about obesity and overall health in general practice are needed. Findings also indicate, that non‐stigmatizing communication tools and guidelines are needed on this area to promote these types of conservations.
Gene therapy in sickle cell disease: Attitudes and informational needs of patients and caregivers
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Young Amanda , Carroll Yvonne , Darji Himani , Li Yimei , Mandrell Belinda N. , Nelson Marquita N. , Owens Curtis L. , Irvine Mary , Caples Mary , Jerkins Lauren P. , Unguru Yoram , Hankins Jane S. , Johnson Liza‐Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that results in serious morbidity and early mortality. Novel therapies for SCD, most notably genetic therapies (GTs) and HLA‐mismatched donor hematopoietic cell transplantation, are in clinical trials. While potentially curative, these interventions are some of the most intensive treatments for SCD and are associated with serious and life‐altering side effects, which may manifest several years after treatment. Little is known about knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of individuals with SCD, or their caregivers, toward existing and these emerging therapies.MethodsPatients with SCD at least 13 years of age (n = 66) and caregivers (n = 38) were surveyed about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding treatments for SCD.ResultsOnly 4.8% felt “extremely knowledgeable” about GT for SCD while the majority (63.4%) reported little knowledge. Overall, health literacy was low among respondents. Most respondents had a neutral attitude regarding the safety of GT for SCD, and whether it was a good treatment for the disorder (56.7% and 58.6%, respectively). Only a few respondents endorsed the idea that GT was “unsafe” or “not a good treatment” (5.8% and 4.8%, respectively). There was an association between increasing knowledge about GT and agreement that it is safe (p = .012) and a good treatment for SCD (p = .031).ConclusionsGiven that very few patients with SCD feel knowledgeable about GT and a majority have neutral feelings about the safety and utility of this new approach, culturally appropriate patient‐centered education is urgently needed as these treatments get regulatory approval and proceed to the clinic.
Using a six‐step co‐design model to rapidly respond to cancer carers support and information needs during a global pandemic
Authors: Santin Olinda , Liu Minchen , Kerr Helen , Ho Hien Thi , Manus Margaret Mc , Prue Gillian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic placed severe strain on cancer carers resulting in an urgent need for information and support.MethodsThe Santin 2019 6‐step co‐design model was used to rapidly modify an existing online cancer carers resource. Draft content of a COVID‐19 module was created via two workshops and six meetings with an expert advisory team (Step 1). This content was then produced into videoed testimonials (Step 2). A module prototype was reviewed by volunteers (Step 3) and modified based on feedback (Step 4). User‐testing occurred via two online feedback sessions (Step 5) and modifications were made (Step 6). All steps were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsA COVID‐19 support, and information module was rapidly co‐designed by n = 45 stakeholders (n = 11 workshop 1 and 2 (3 carers/14 professionals), n = 6 advisory committee (1 carer/5 professionals), n = 4 video content (1 carer/3 professionals) and n = 24 feedback sessions (5 carers/19 professionals). The module contained vaccination information, infection control and how to manage the psychosocial impact of restrictions. Information was delivered in 4 short videos with links to up‐to‐date guidance and information services. Participants identified that the module included all key information for carers in an accessible and informative way. The use of videos was viewed as an emotive and reassuring.ConclusionsDuring a global pandemic, cancer carers urgently required tailored information. Co‐designed online resources allow service providers to rapidly respond to emerging and unprecedented issues and provide urgent information and support.
Low detection of glyphosate in rivers following application in forestry
Authors: Edge Christopher B. , Haines William , Blaney Matt , Noël Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the world, and is used in agriculture, forestry, and urban settings. In regions with high glyphosate use, such as agricultural, glyphosate and its' major derivative aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are frequently detected in surface waters. In Canadian forestry glyphosate‐based herbicides are used to control vegetation that competes with conifer trees and are applied one to two times during a rotation, leading to infrequent application to the same area. Forestry occurs over a large spatial extent, and the cumulative application in space can lead to a large percentage of the land base receiving an application through time. To assess the frequency and concentration of glyphosate and AMPA in surface waters of a region where forestry is the dominant use sector, we conducted three monitoring programs targeting: (i) immediately after application, (ii) after rainfall, and (iii) cumulative application over a large spatial extent.RESULTSAcross all monitoring programs we collected 296 water samples between August and October from eight river systems over two years and detected glyphosate in one sample at 17 ppb.CONCLUSIONGlyphosate is not likely present in surface waters during baseflow conditions as a result of applications in forestry. Lack of detection is likely because soil capacity to bind glyphosate remains high due to infrequent applications to the same area, and factors that limit sediment transport to surface waters such as buffers. Additional sampling is needed during other stream conditions, ideally spring freshet, to determine peak concentrations. © 2023 National Research Council Canada. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development.