bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microbial Enriched Biochar with Fertilizer Doses on Soil Properties and Yield under Soybean (Glycine max) –Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping Sequence
Authors: Nimbalkar Sadashiv D. , Patil Deepak S. , Rajwade Pravin R. 
Published: March 2023

Aims: To find out the Effect of different levels of microbial enriched biochar with fertilizer doses on soil properties and yield under Soybean (Glycine max) –Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping sequence.
Study Design: Randomized Block Design (RBD).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at BAIF-Central Research Station, Urulikanchan, Ta. Haveli, Dist. Pune Maharashtra, India, during July 2021 to April 2022.
Methodology: The charcoal powder is treated with the different bio fertilizers viz. Rhizobium, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), and Trichoderma. The farmyard manure at the rate of 10 tons per ha was mixed equally in all the treatments.The reduced recommended dose of chemical fertilizers in Soybean and wheat was 50% and 75%, where the microbial enriched biochar was applied to the soil at the rate of 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 tha-1 (Table-1). In the Kharif, the var. JS 335 (Soybean) and in the Rabi season, Wheat (var. Ankur Kedar) was sown in the same field. The charcoal was prepared and this wet microbial-enriched Biochar was used as per the treatment combinations in both the crops (Table 1).
Results: In Soybean crop all the growth parameters recorded highest readings and also a higher grain yield (25.89 qha-1) and straw yield (27.49 qha-1) and in Wheat all the growth parameters recorded highest readings and also higher grain yield of (43.19 qha-1) and straw yield of (45.78 qha-1) was recorded (Table 2 & 4) in treatment T3 (Biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + 75 % GRDF) and it is at par with GRDF.
Conclusion: It is concluded that in (T3) the application of microbial-enriched Biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 + 75 % GRDF has given significantly higher grain yield (Soybean: 25.89 qha-1 and Wheat: 43.19 qha-1) and straw yield (Soybean: 27.49 qha-1 and wheat: 45.78 qha-1) over the GRDF in both Soybean and Wheat cropping sequence.
Comparative Study of the Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Leaves, Trunk and Roots of Schumanniophyton Magnificum
Authors: Essonkene Thérèse , Loe Gisèle Marie Marguerite Etame , Okalla Cécile , Nguedia Jules Clement Assob , Teinkela Jean Emmanuel Mbosso 
Published: March 2023

Aims: Schumanniophyton magnificum is a plant reputed traditionally to treat numerous urogenital infections linked to several germs, notably: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonhorhea, Treponema palidum, Candida albican. This study aims to evaluate and compare the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of the leaves, trunk and roots of S. magnificum in order to determine the parts displaying the best activity.
Study Design: This is an experimental study.
Location and Duration of the Study: The work was conducted at the Pharmacochemistry and Natural Substances Laboratories of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala for the extraction and at the Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Douala General Hospital for antibacterial test as well as Biomedical Chemistry Research Center of Rhodes University in South Africa for cytotoxic essay. All the experiments were carried out from the 15th November 2020 to the 31th May 2021.
Methodology: The in vitro Antibacterial activity essay was conducted on two strains, one Gram+ bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and one Gram- bacteria: Escherichia coli, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on HeLa cell line.
Results: The root wood extract and the root bark extract presented a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 195.31 µg/mL) and average activity (MIC = 390.63 µg/mL) respectively with E. coli. The different extracts were found to be bactericidal against the tested micro-organisms. At the concentration of 20 µg/mL, all extracts tested did not significantly reduce HeLa cells, with an inhibition rate ranging from 13.5 to 37.6%, suggesting a low cytotoxicity of S. magnificum extracts towards these human cells line.
Conclusion: This is the first comparative report on the antibacterial and cytotoxic study conducted on the different parts of S. magnificum. It appears from this study that these results could justify the use of the stem bark of S. magnificum in the traditional pharmacopeia for the treatment of urogenital infections. However, the roots wood having presented the best antibacterial activity (MIC = 195.31 µg/mL), it would be beneficial to suggest this plant part to the local populations for the treatment of bacterial diseases specific to E. coli and S. aureus, after the preclinical and clinical tests are carried out.
Electret Molecular Configuration Induced Programmable Photonic Memory for Advanced Logic Operation and Data Encryption
Authors: Shen Jinghui , Liang Baoshuai , Dong Yu , Feng Shiyu , Huang Weiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonvolatile organic photonic transistor (OPT) memories have attracted widespread attention due to their nondestructive readout, remote controllability, and robust tunability. Developing electrets with similar molecular structures but different memory behaviors and light‐responsive features is crucial for light‐wavelength‐modulated data encryption. However, reported OPT memories have yet to meet this challenge. Here a new electret molecule (“H‐PDI”) is developed via reconfiguring the linear perylene diimide molecule (“L‐PDI”) to a helical shape. Respectively incorporating H‐PDI and L‐PDI into the floating gate layer results to H‐PDI OPT and L‐PDI OPT. Attributing to their remarkably different electronic structures and energy bandgaps, H‐PDI OPT and L‐PDI OPT preferably respond to 405 and 532 nm light irradiation, respectively. Upon electrical programming, data can be written and stored in both memories with good retention features and a high “1”/“0” state current ratio over 105, though the data can only be erased by light with correct wavelengths, rather than the electrical field. Moreover, data stored in a memory array consisting of both H‐PDI OPT and L‐PDI OPT can only be read out by correct inputs, and wrong inputs will lead to highly deceptive outputs. This study provides a general design strategy of OPT for advanced data encryption and protection.
Localized Nanoparticle‐Mediated Delivery of miR‐29b Normalizes the Dysregulation of Bone Homeostasis Caused by Osteosarcoma whilst Simultaneously Inhibiting Tumor Growth
Authors: Freeman Fiona E. , Dosta Pere , Shanley Lianne C. , Ramirez Tamez Natalia , Riojas Javelly Cristobal J. , Mahon Olwyn R. , Kelly Daniel J. , Artzi Natalie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients diagnosed with osteosarcoma undergo extensive surgical intervention and chemotherapy resulting in dismal prognosis and compromised quality of life owing to poor bone regeneration, which is further compromised with chemotherapy delivery. This study aims to investigate if localized delivery of miR‐29b—which is shown to promote bone formation by inducing osteoblast differentiation and also to suppress prostate and cervical tumor growth—can suppress osteosarcoma tumors whilst simultaneously normalizing the dysregulation of bone homeostasis caused by osteosarcoma. Thus, the therapeutic potential of microRNA (miR)‐29b is studied to promote bone remodeling in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma (rather than in bone defect models using healthy mice), and in the context of chemotherapy, that is clinically relevant. A formulation of miR‐29b:nanoparticles are developed that are delivered via a hyaluronic‐based hydrogel to enable local and sustained release of the therapy and to study the potential of attenuating tumor growth whilst normalizing bone homeostasis. It is found that when miR‐29b is delivered along with systemic chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy alone, the therapy provided a significant decrease in tumor burden, an increase in mouse survival, and a significant decrease in osteolysis thereby normalizing the dysregulation of bone lysis activity caused by the tumor.
Multimodal‐Driven Magnetic Microrobots with Enhanced Bactericidal Activity for Biofilm Eradication and Removal from Titanium Mesh
Authors: Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Zelenka Jaroslav , Klima Karel , Kubanova Michaela , Ruml Tomas , Pumera Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern micro/nanorobots can perform multiple tasks for biomedical and environmental applications. Particularly, magnetic microrobots can be completely controlled by a rotating magnetic field and their motion powered and controlled without the use of toxic fuels, which makes them most promising for biomedical application. Moreover, they are able to form swarms, allowing them to perform specific tasks at a larger scale than a single microrobot. In this work, they developed magnetic microrobots composed of halloysite nanotubes as backbone and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as magnetic material allowing magnetic propulsion and covered these with polyethylenimine to load ampicillin and prevent the microrobots from disassembling. These microrobots exhibit multimodal motion as single robots as well as in swarms. In addition, they can transform from tumbling to spinning motion and vice‐versa, and when in swarm mode they can change their motion from vortex to ribbon and back again. Finally, the vortex motion mode is used to penetrate and disrupt the extracellular matrix of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm colonized on titanium mesh used for bone restoration, which improves the effect of the antibiotic's activity. Such magnetic microrobots for biofilm removal from medical implants could reduce implant rejection and improve patients’ well‐being.
Self‐Tracking Solar Concentrator with Absorption of Diffuse Sunlight
Authors: van der Burgt Julia S. , Rigter Susan A. , de Gaay Fortman Nelson , Garnett Erik C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe highest solar cell efficiencies are obtained with concentrating systems. However, these systems have two major drawbacks: solar tracking is needed and diffuse sunlight is poorly absorbed. Here, a system that overcomes both limitations is presented, by exploiting light‐induced halide segregation in mixed halide perovskite films. A monolayer of silica microspheres focuses direct sunlight in a mixed halide perovskite film below. Through light‐induced phase segregation a low bandgap region forms in the focal point. Together with funneling of excited states toward the low bandgap regions, this results in a voltage increase characteristic for concentrating systems. Diffuse sunlight is still absorbed by the high bandgap material, avoiding the loss of diffuse sunlight characteristic for conventional concentrators. The formation of low bandgap regions in the perovskite is dynamic, and can follow the position of the focus as the sun moves throughout the day, making solar tracking unnecessary. With detailed optical and electrical simulations, it is shown that this concept can lead to an increase in both voltage and current. This leads to a 6.6% absolute increase in power conversion efficiency compared to the film without microspheres. Absorption and emission measurements confirm the concentration effect, showing the promising potential for a self‐optimizing concentrating system.
Correlated Disorder Substrate‐Integrated Nanodisk Scatterers for Light Extraction in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Piechulla Peter M. , Donie Yidenekachew J. , Wehrspohn Ralf B. , Lemmer Uli , Gomard Guillaume , Sprafke Alexander N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA major loss mechanism in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the coupling of the emitter molecule light field to waveguide modes in the OLED thin film stack. In this work, a disordered 2D array of TiO2 nanodisk scatterers is integrated into the OLED substrate to enable efficient light extraction from these waveguide modes. Fabrication of the nanodisks is based on a bottom‐up, colloidal lithography technique and subsequent pattern transfer into high refractive index TiO2 via reactive ion etching. The substrates are completed by spin‐coating a polymer planarization layer before applying the OLED thin film stack. This ensures reproducible optoelectronic properties of the OLED through leaving the electrically active layers planar. Simultaneously, the nanodisks in close vicinity to the thin film stack ensure efficient out‐of‐plane scattering of waveguide modes. In a monochromatic OLED (center wavelength λ0 = 520 nm), a 44.2%rel increase in external quantum efficiency is achieved in comparison to a device without scattering structure. An in‐depth numerical analysis reveals that this significant enhancement is only partly due to the out‐coupling of waveguide modes. Additional enhancement is suspected to result from out‐coupling of substrate modes through scattering by the nanodisks. Further improvements to the scattering structure are numerically evaluated.
Investigating tradeoffs in nitrogen loss pathways using an environmental damage cost framework
Authors: Preza‐Fontes Giovani , Christianson Laura E. , Pittelkow Cameron M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFew studies have addressed whether in‐field practices to reduce nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) leaching might increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, which could undermine attempts to mitigate agricultural N pollution. Over a 3‐year period, we assessed the impacts of N application timing and cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop on subsurface drainage NO3‐N leaching and N2O emissions to quantify changes in total N loss and corresponding social and environmental damage costs under continuous corn (Zea mays L.). While NO3‐N losses were reduced by 37% with the combination of in‐season split N application and cereal rye cover crop relative to pre‐season N application, soil N2O emissions increased by 26%, highlighting a tradeoff between N loss pathways. As a result, total N losses and social and environmental damage costs from each system were not different. These results demonstrate the importance of addressing agricultural N pollution using a holistic framework accounting for the environmental and social risks of both NO3‐N losses and N2O emissions.
Trends in point‐of‐care ultrasound use among emergency medicine residency programs over a 10‐year period
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Cooney Robert , King Andrew , Mannix Alexandra , Krzyzaniak Sara , Jordan Jaime , Shappell Eric , Fix Megan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly utilized in emergency medicine (EM). While residents are required by the Accreditation Council for General Medical Education to complete a minimum of 150 POCUS examinations before graduation, the distribution of examination types is not well‐described. This study sought to assess the number and distribution of POCUS examinations completed during EM residency training and evaluate trends over time.MethodsThis was a 10‐year retrospective review of POCUS examinations across five EM residency programs. The study sites were deliberately selected to represent diversity in program type, program length, and geography. Data from EM residents graduating from 2013 to 2022 were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were residents in combined training programs, residents who did not complete all training at one institution, and residents who did not have data available. Examination types were identified from the American College of Emergency Physicians guidelines for POCUS. Each site obtained POCUS examination totals for every resident upon graduation. We calculated the mean and 95% confidence interval for each procedure across study years.ResultsA total of 535 residents were eligible for inclusion, with 524 (97.9%) meeting all inclusion criteria. The mean number of POCUS examinations per resident increased by 46.9% from 277 in 2013 to 407 in 2022. All examination types had stable or increasing frequency. Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST), cardiac, obstetric/gynecologic, and renal/bladder were performed most frequently. Ocular, deep venous thrombosis, musculoskeletal, skin/soft tissue, thoracic, and cardiac examinations had the largest percentage increase in numbers over the 10‐year period, while bowel and testicular POCUS remained rare.ConclusionsThere was an overall increase in the number of POCUS examinations performed by EM residents over the past 10 years, with FAST, cardiac, obstetric/gynecologic, and renal/bladder being the most common examination types. Among less common procedures, increased frequency may be needed to ensure competence and avoid skill decay for those examination types. This information can help inform POCUS training in residency and accreditation requirements.
Polyaromatic anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells with high hydroxide conductivity and alkaline stability
Authors: Chen Chunming , Zeng Xingrong , Peng Zhenlun , Chen Zhonghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly (terphenylene‐methyl piperidine‐biphenyl) was synthesized using biphenyl, terphenyl, and N‐methyl‐4‐piperidone as raw materials to prepare anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Biphenyl and terphenyl as the copolymer monomers were used to regulate the morphology and properties of the AEMs. The flexible copolymer backbone promoted efficient transport of hydroxyl ions. The obtained AEMs show a high ion conductivity of 49.16 mS/cm at 80°C. Furthermore, the stable piperidine cation and polyarylene chain contributed to the excellent alkaline stability of AEMs that showed only 0.63% deterioration in ion conductivity after soaking in 1 M KOH at 80°C for 720 h. The peak of single cell power density of 54 mW cm−2 was obtained at a load current density of 150.1 mA cm−2 using an aqueous solution containing 1 M methanol and 1 M potassium hydroxide as the anode fuel, and pure oxygen gases as the cathode fuel at 30°C.
Maternal Anti‐Ro Antibody Titers Obtained With Commercially Available Immunoassays Are Strongly Associated With Immune‐Mediated Fetal Heart Disease
Authors: Jaeggi Edgar , Kulasingam Vathany , Chen Jack , Fan Chun‐Po Steve , Laskin Carl , Hamilton Robert M. , Hiraki Linda T. , Silverman Earl D. , Sepiashvili Lusia 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveAnti‐Ro antibody–positive mothers are frequently referred for serial echocardiography due to the fetal risk of developing heart block and endocardial fibroelastosis. Little is known why only some and not all offspring develop these cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (CNL). This prospective study examined associations between anti‐Ro antibody titers and fetal CNL.MethodsAntibody‐positive mothers referred since 2018 for fetal echocardiography at risk of CNL (group 1; n = 240) or with CNL (group 2; n = 18) were included. Maternal antibody titers were measured with a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA). Additional testing on diluted serum samples was used to quantify anti–Ro 60 antibody titers above the analytical measuring range (AMR) of the standard CIA (≥1,375 chemiluminescent units [CU]).ResultsAmong 27 total mothers with a fetal diagnosis of CNL, all displayed anti–Ro 60 antibody titers that exceeded the AMR of the CIA at least 10‐fold. Of 122 mothers in group 1 who underwent additional anti–Ro 60 antibody testing, event rates of CNL (n = 9) were 0% (0 of 45) among mothers with anti–Ro 60 antibody titers from 1,375–10,000 CU, 5% (3 of 56) among mothers with titers from 10,000–50,000 CU, but 29% (6 of 21) among mothers with titers >50,000 CU (odds ratio 13.1, P = 0.0008). Of mothers in group 2 with a primary diagnosis of CNL, 0% (0 of 18 mothers) had anti–Ro 60 antibody titers <10,000 CU, 44% (8 of 18 mothers) had titers from 10,000–50,000 CU, and 56% (10 of 18 mothers) had titers >50,000 CU.ConclusionCNL is associated with substantially higher anti‐Ro antibody titers than are obtained using a standard CIA. Enhancing the assay measuring range allows an improved specificity of identifying pregnancies at risk of CNL.
Trifluoromethylated Oxidopyridinium Betaines: Unique (5+2) Cycloaddition Selectivity Imposed by 2‐ or 6‐Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Tazawa Syunji , Tadano Ryu , Yasui Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the significant advances in trifluoromethylation methods, the synthesis of complex trifluoromethylated molecules, bearing a natural‐product‐like three‐dimensional framework, remains as a formidable challenge. Therefore, the cycloaddition of unprecedented CF3‐substituted oxidopyridinium betaines was investigated. After the methylation of trifluoromethylated pyridin‐3‐ols with methyl triflate, pyridinium ions generated in‐situ were treated with triethylamine in the presence of N‐methylmaleimide to produce trifluoromethylated 8‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives via (5+2) cycloaddition of the corresponding oxidopyridinium betaines. Exo/endo‐selectivity varied depending on the positions of the CF3 substituents; endo‐products were preferred in the reactions of oxidopyridinium betaines with the CF3 group at the 2‐ or 6‐positions, whereas the 5‐CF3‐substituted betaine exclusively produced an exo‐product. Moreover, unique regio‐ and stereoselectivities have been observed in the reactions of 2‐ or 6‐CF3‐substituted oxidopyridinium betaines with vinyl sulfones and trans‐1,2‐disubstituted alkenes. To gain insight into the reactivity of trifluoromethylated oxidopyridinium betaines, computational investigations were also conducted.
Guillain‐Barre syndrome secondary to COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Tran Dena H. , Basra Dalwinder , Bilgrami Zaid , Challa Suryanarayana R. , Kwon Christina , Marciniak Ellen , Verceles Avelino C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGuillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disease that often manifests as a post‐viral complication. However, its association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is unclear. We present a rare case of GBS secondary to COVID‐19 infection complicated by rapidly progressive sensorimotor deterioration resistant to plasma exchange therapy.
Association of simple bone cyst and cemento‐osseous dysplasia: A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Hajjami Fatma , Ouertani Hend , Brahem Hichem , Mehrez Hichem , Blouza Ikdam , Khattech Mohamed Bassem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCemento‐osseous dysplasia (COD) is a non‐neoplastic, usually asymptomatic condition characterized by the presence of amorphous cement‐like calcifications located exclusively in the tooth‐bearing regions of the jawbone. Simple bone cysts (SBCs) of the jaws are benign intraosseous cavities, empty or filled with serous, serohematic, or blood fluid. They are characterized by the absence of an epithelial lining. COD and SBCs are two distinct lesions of the jaws that have long been described separately in the literature; however, their co‐occurrence remains rare and only a few cases have been reported illustrating this relationship. This association can be considered as a distinct entity since it presents specific epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data. The aim of this article was to report a new case of association between COD and SBC by illustrating a florid COD formation in mandibular SBC detected in a 31‐year‐old patient followed over a period of 11 years.