bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samples
Authors: Argyle Lisa P. , Busby Ethan C. , Fulda Nancy , Gubler Joshua R. , Rytting Christopher , Wingate David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe propose and explore the possibility that language models can be studied as effective proxies for specific human subpopulations in social science research. Practical and research applications of artificial intelligence tools have sometimes been limited by problematic biases (such as racism or sexism), which are often treated as uniform properties of the models. We show that the “algorithmic bias” within one such tool—the GPT-3 language model—is instead both fine-grained and demographically correlated, meaning that proper conditioning will cause it to accurately emulate response distributions from a wide variety of human subgroups. We term this propertyalgorithmic fidelityand explore its extent in GPT-3. We create “silicon samples” by conditioning the model on thousands of sociodemographic backstories from real human participants in multiple large surveys conducted in the United States. We then compare the silicon and human samples to demonstrate that the information contained in GPT-3 goes far beyond surface similarity. It is nuanced, multifaceted, and reflects the complex interplay between ideas, attitudes, and sociocultural context that characterize human attitudes. We suggest that language models with sufficient algorithmic fidelity thus constitute a novel and powerful tool to advance understanding of humans and society across a variety of disciplines.
Two sixteenth-century nautical charts of the South Atlantic Ocean: an early example of cartography used at sea
Authors: Krtalić Šima , McIntosh Gregory C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the crucial role played by nautical cartography during the 16th-century Iberian Expansion, surviving examples of charts used at sea are extremely rare, leaving gaps in our knowledge of how they were used in practice during this pivotal period. The present paper sheds light on this matter by introducing one of earliest extant Portuguese charts presenting positional fixes, which have so far gone unnoticed by researchers: the anonymous chart of about 1524 kept at the James Ford Bell Library. It is demonstrated that a second chart, kept at the Harry Ransom Center, was made by the same author from the same pattern. The production context of the charts is evidenced through a description of the manuscript copying technique most likely employed, and the rules governing chart manufacture in 16th-century Portugal. Exceptional aspects of the charts’ placenames are discussed, and a possible source for their geographical design is identified.
Impacts of two years of autumn cover crops in northwestern Washington on winter annual weed populations
Authors: Seefeldt Steven S. , Una Toby M. , McMoran Don , Maupin Brian , Myhre Elizabeth , Griffin-LaHue Deirdre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCover cropping is a suggested soil conservation practice widely investigated in cropping systems. Cover crops suppress weeds and often are part of an integrated weed management plan that could lead to reduced herbicide use and possibly reduce the weed seedbank. Winter brassica cover crops are popular in the eastern Washington potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production region, but in western Washington, the production of brassica seed crops presents disease issues along with the risk of cross-pollination, which limits the use of brassica cover crops. Research for this article was conducted in two trials from 2018 to 2020 and 2019 to 2021in Mount Vernon, Washington, to identify winter cover crops compatible with regional restrictions and climatic challenges in western Washington cropping systems. Treatments including a no-cover control, eight single species (including brassicas, grasses, and legumes), and a grass–legume mixture were investigated. Cover crop and weed biomass production were measured, and percent ground cover for cover crops and weeds by species was estimated. Cover crop biomass and weed suppression varied by year due to variable environments, but annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and the mixture were most consistent in producing large amounts of biomass and reducing weed biomass and cover in all years. The variability of percent weed cover response to environment was ameliorated when weed cover was normalized within each year’s control.
Nucleation and Arrest of Fluid‐Induced Aseismic Slip
Authors: Jacquey Antoine B. , Viesca Robert C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicroseismicity associated with fluid pressurization in the subsurface occurs during fluid injection but can also be triggered after injection shut‐in. Understanding the extent and duration of the post‐injection microseismicity is critical to limit the risk of fluid‐induced seismicity and insure the safe utilization of the subsurface. Using theoretical and numerical techniques, we investigated how aseismic slip on a fault plane evolves and stops after a fluid pressurization event. We found that the locking mechanisms controlling the arrest of aseismic slip highly depend on the initial fault stress criticality and the pressurization duration. The absolute arrest time of fault aseismic slip after injection shut‐in is proportional to the pressurization duration and increases significantly with the initial fault stress criticality. Given that microseismicity can be triggered by aseismic slip, these results provide insights into the mechanics controlling the arrest of microseismicity after fluid pressurization as a milestone toward induced seismicity mitigation strategies.
Mid‐Cretaceous Exhumation of the Central Qiangtang Mountain Range Metamorphic Rocks as Evidenced by the Abushan Continental Redbeds
Authors: Ma Anlin , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , Pullen Alex , BouDagher‐Fadel Marcelle , Ji Xinkai , Wang Jiangang , Lai Wen , Xue Weiwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetamorphic rocks and surrounding Paleozoic strata in central Tibet compose the core of an anticlinorium associated with the Central Qiangtang Mountain Range. The analysis of Mesozoic strata flanking the anticlinorium provides insights into the geological and landscape evolution of the range, which is important in determining the Mesozoic evolution of central Tibet and the paleo‐elevation of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we present a detailed stratigraphic study of the Shuanghu Conglomerate and over 1‐km‐thick mid‐Cretaceous continental redbeds of the Abushan Formation, which non‐conformably overlie the Qiangtang metamorphic belt. Pollen assemblages and detrital zircon ages along with published magnetostratigraphic results indicate a mid‐Cretaceous depositional age for the Abushan Formation. The Shuanghu Conglomerate is undated but may have been coeval with the Abushan Formation as suggested by foraminiferal assemblages contained within limestone clasts. The Abushan Formation shows a fining‐ and deepening‐upward megasequence, changing from braided river delta‐plain conglomerate and sandstone to lacustrine delta‐plain and delta‐front sandstone, siltstone and carbonate rocks. Both the Abushan Formation and Shuanghu Conglomerate received metamorphic detritus, indicating that the exhumation of the Qiangtang metamorphic belt to the surface took place at or before mid‐Cretaceous time. The lower member of the Abushan Formation contains dominant limestone clasts, whereas quartz, metamorphic, and volcanic clasts increase in percentage up‐section reflecting an unroofing sequence. The stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and provenance evolution suggests that exhumation of the Central Qiangtang Mountain Range metamorphic rocks may have occurred primarily by tectonic extension after the end of a long period of late Mesozoic Lhasa‐Qiangtang convergence.
A Robust Strategy to Account for Data Sampling Variability in the Development of Hydrological Models
Authors: Zheng Feifei , Chen Junyi , Ma Yiyi , Chen Qiuwen , Maier Holger R. , Gupta Hoshin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is typical to use a single portion of the available data to calibrate hydrological models, and the remainder for model evaluation. To minimize model‐bias, this partitioning must be performed so as to ensure distributional representativeness and mutual consistency. However, failure to account for data sampling variability (DSV) in the underlying Data Generating Process can weaken the model's generalization performance. While “K‐fold cross‐validation” can mitigate this problem, it is computationally inefficient since the calibration/evaluation operations must be repeated numerous times. This paper develops a general strategy for stochastic evolutionary parameter optimization (SEPO) that explicitly accounts for DSV when calibrating a model using any population‐based evolutionary optimization algorithm (EOA), such as Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE). Inspired in part by the machine‐learning strategy of stochastic gradient descent (SGD), we use various representative random sub‐samples to drive the EOA toward the distribution of the model parameters. Unlike in SGD, derivative information is not required and hence SEPO can be applied to any hydrological model where such information is not readily available. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, we implement it within the well‐known SCE, to calibrate the GR4J conceptual rainfall‐runoff model to 163 hydro‐climatically diverse catchments. Using only a single optimization run, our Stochastic SCE method converges to population‐based estimates of model parameter distributions (and corresponding simulation uncertainties), without compromising model performance during either calibration or evaluation. Further, it effectively reduces the need to perform independent evaluation tests of model performance under conditions that are represented by the available data.
Longitudinal association between density of retail food stores and body mass index in Mexican school children and adolescents
Authors: Ramírez-Toscano Yenisei , Pérez-Ferrer Carolina , Bilal Usama , Auchincloss Amy H. , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Obesity is rapidly increasing in Mexican children and adolescents, while food environments are rapidly changing. We evaluated the association between changes in retail food stores and change in body mass index (BMI) in Mexican children and adolescents.

Methods
Data on 7507 participants aged 5–19 years old came from the Mexican Family Life Survey 2002–2012. Density of food stores at the municipal-level (number of food stores/area in km2) came from the Economic Censuses of 1999, 2004 and 2009. We categorized food stores as small food retail (small neighborhood stores, tiendas de abarrotes in Mexico), specialty foods, fruit/vegetables, convenience foods, and supermarkets. Associations between change in food stores and change in BMI were estimated using five longitudinal linear fixed-effects regression models (one per type of food store) adjusted for age, parental education, municipal-level socioeconomic deprivation and population density. Density of each food store type was operationalized as quartiles. Analyses were stratified by urbanization.

Results
There was an inverse dose-response association between increases in fruit/vegetable store density and BMI (β = −0.455 kg/m2, β = −0.733 kg/m2, and β = −0.838 kg/m2 in the second, third, and fourth quartile). In non-urban areas, children living in municipalities with the highest density of small food retail stores experienced a reduction in BMI (β = −0.840 kg/m2). In urban areas, there was an inverse association between specialty food stores with BMI (β = −0.789 kg/m2 in third quartile, and β = −1.204 kg/m2 in fourth quartile). We observed dynamic associations with age; results suggested stronger associations in adolescents.

Conclusions
The availability of fruit/vegetable stores may influence a reduction in children and adolescents BMI. These results indicate that policy approaches could be tailored by type of food store – with some consideration for level of urbanization and children’s age.
Inhibition of SUMOylation enhances DNA hypomethylating drug efficacy to reduce outgrowth of hematopoietic malignancies
Authors: Kroonen Jessie S. , de Graaf Ilona J. , Kumar Sumit , Remst Dennis F. G. , Wouters Anne K. , Heemskerk Mirjam H. M. , Vertegaal Alfred C. O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCombination therapies targeting malignancies aim to increase treatment efficacy and reduce toxicity. Hypomethylating drug 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-2’) enhances transcription of tumor suppressor genes and induces replication errors via entrapment of DNMT1, yielding DNA-protein crosslinks. Post-translational modification by SUMO plays major roles in the DNA damage response and is required for degradation of entrapped DNMT1. Here, we combine SUMOylation inhibitor TAK981 and DNA-hypomethylating agent 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine to improve treatment of MYC driven hematopoietic malignancies, since MYC overexpressing tumors are sensitive to SUMOylation inhibition. We studied the classical MYC driven malignancy Burkitt lymphoma, as well as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with and without MYC translocation. SUMO inhibition prolonged the entrapment of DNMT1 to DNA, resulting in DNA damage. An increase in DNA damage was observed in cells co-treated with TAK981 and 5-Aza-2’. Both drugs synergized to reduce cell proliferation in vitro in a B cell lymphoma cell panel, including Burkitt lymphoma and DLBCL. In vivo experiments combining TAK981 (25 mg/kg) and 5-Aza-2’ (2.5 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in outgrowth of Burkitt lymphoma in an orthotopic xenograft model. Our results demonstrate the potential of tailored combination of drugs, based on insight in molecular mechanisms, to improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.
Single-pulse real-time billion-frames-per-second planar imaging of ultrafast nanoparticle-laser dynamics and temperature in flames
Authors: Mishra Yogeshwar Nath , Wang Peng , Bauer Florian J. , Zhang Yide , Hanstorp Dag , Will Stefan , Wang Lihong V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnburnt hydrocarbon flames produce soot, which is the second biggest contributor to global warming and harmful to human health. The state-of-the-art high-speed imaging techniques, developed to study non-repeatable turbulent flames, are limited to million-frames-per-second imaging rates, falling short in capturing the dynamics of critical species. Unfortunately, these techniques do not provide a complete picture of flame-laser interactions, important for understanding soot formation. Furthermore, thermal effects induced by multiple consecutive pulses modify the optical properties of soot nanoparticles, thus making single-pulse imaging essential. Here, we report single-shot laser-sheet compressed ultrafast photography (LS-CUP) for billion-frames-per-second planar imaging of flame-laser dynamics. We observed laser-induced incandescence, elastic light scattering, and fluorescence of soot precursors - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in real-time using a single nanosecond laser pulse. The spatiotemporal maps of the PAHs emission, soot temperature, primary nanoparticle size, soot aggregate size, and the number of monomers, present strong experimental evidence in support of the theory and modeling of soot inception and growth mechanism in flames. LS-CUP represents a generic and indispensable tool that combines a portfolio of ultrafast combustion diagnostic techniques, covering the entire lifecycle of soot nanoparticles, for probing extremely short-lived (picoseconds to nanoseconds) species in the spatiotemporal domain in non-repeatable turbulent environments. Finally, LS-CUP’s unparalleled capability of ultrafast wide-field temperature imaging in real-time is envisioned to unravel mysteries in modern physics such as hot plasma, sonoluminescence, and nuclear fusion.
Screening for PTSD and TBI in Veterans using Routine Clinical Laboratory Blood Tests
Authors: Xu Mu , Lin Ziqiang , Siegel Carole E. , Laska Eugene M. , Abu-Amara Duna , Genfi Afia , Newman Jennifer , Jeffers Michelle K. , Blessing Esther M. , Flanagan Steven R. , Fossati Silvia , Etkin Amit , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder diagnosed by clinical interviews, self-report measures and neuropsychological testing. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have neuropsychiatric symptoms similar to PTSD. Diagnosing PTSD and TBI is challenging and more so for providers lacking specialized training facing time pressures in primary care and other general medical settings. Diagnosis relies heavily on patient self-report and patients frequently under-report or over-report their symptoms due to stigma or seeking compensation. We aimed to create objective diagnostic screening tests utilizing Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) blood tests available in most clinical settings. CLIA blood test results were ascertained in 475 male veterans with and without PTSD and TBI following warzone exposure in Iraq or Afghanistan. Using random forest (RF) methods, four classification models were derived to predict PTSD and TBI status. CLIA features were selected utilizing a stepwise forward variable selection RF procedure. The AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.730, 0.706, 0.659, and 0.715, respectively for differentiating PTSD and healthy controls (HC), 0.704, 0.677, 0.671, and 0.681 for TBI vs. HC, 0.739, 0.742, 0.635, and 0.766 for PTSD comorbid with TBI vs HC, and 0.726, 0.723, 0.636, and 0.747 for PTSD vs. TBI. Comorbid alcohol abuse, major depressive disorder, and BMI are not confounders in these RF models. Markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation are among the most significant CLIA features in our models. Routine CLIA blood tests have the potential for discriminating PTSD and TBI cases from healthy controls and from each other. These findings hold promise for the development of accessible and low-cost biomarker tests as screening measures for PTSD and TBI in primary care and specialty settings.
One-stone-for-two-birds strategy to attain beyond 25% perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Tinghuan , Gao Lili , Lu Jing , Ma Chuang , Du Yachao , Wang Peijun , Ding Zicheng , Wang Shiqiang , Xu Peng , Liu Dongle , Li Haojin , Chang Xiaoming , Fang Junjie , Tian Wenming , Yang Yingguo , Liu Shengzhong , Zhao Kui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEven though the perovskite solar cell has been so popular for its skyrocketing power conversion efficiency, its further development is still roadblocked by its overall performance, in particular long-term stability, large-area fabrication and stable module efficiency. In essence, the soft component and ionic–electronic nature of metal halide perovskites usually chaperonage large number of anion vacancy defects that act as recombination centers to decrease both the photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability. Herein, we report a one-stone-for-two-birds strategy in which both anion-fixation and associated undercoordinated-Pb passivation are in situ achieved during crystallization by using a single amidino-based ligand, namely 3-amidinopyridine, for metal-halide perovskite to overcome above challenges. The resultant devices attain a power conversion efficiency as high as 25.3% (certified at 24.8%) with substantially improved stability. Moreover, the device without encapsulation retained 92% of its initial efficiency after 5000 h exposure in ambient and the device with encapsulation retained 95% of its initial efficiency after >500 h working at the maximum power point under continuous light irradiation in ambient. It is expected this one-stone-for-two-birds strategy will benefit large-area fabrication that desires for simplicity.
Time-restricted feeding promotes muscle function through purine cycle and AMPK signaling in Drosophila obesity models
Authors: Livelo Christopher , Guo Yiming , Abou Daya Farah , Rajasekaran Vasanthi , Varshney Shweta , Le Hiep D. , Barnes Stephen , Panda Satchidananda , Melkani Girish C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObesity caused by genetic and environmental factors can lead to compromised skeletal muscle function. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to prevent muscle function decline from obesogenic challenges; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that TRF upregulates genes involved in glycine production (Sardh and CG5955) and utilization (Gnmt), while Dgat2, involved in triglyceride synthesis is downregulated in Drosophila models of diet- and genetic-induced obesity. Muscle-specific knockdown of Gnmt, Sardh, and CG5955 lead to muscle dysfunction, ectopic lipid accumulation, and loss of TRF-mediated benefits, while knockdown of Dgat2 retains muscle function during aging and reduces ectopic lipid accumulation. Further analyses demonstrate that TRF upregulates the purine cycle in a diet-induced obesity model and AMPK signaling-associated pathways in a genetic-induced obesity model. Overall, our data suggest that TRF improves muscle function through modulations of common and distinct pathways under different obesogenic challenges and provides potential targets for obesity treatments.
Bacterial origins of thymidylate metabolism in Asgard archaea and Eukarya
Authors: Filée Jonathan , Becker Hubert F. , Mellottee Lucille , Eddine Rima Zein , Li Zhihui , Yin Wenlu , Lambry Jean-Christophe , Liebl Ursula , Myllykallio Hannu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAsgard archaea include the closest known archaeal relatives of eukaryotes. Here, we investigate the evolution and function of Asgard thymidylate synthases and other folate-dependent enzymes required for the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, amino acids and vitamins, as well as syntrophic amino acid utilization. Phylogenies of Asgard folate-dependent enzymes are consistent with their horizontal transmission from various bacterial groups. We experimentally validate the functionality of thymidylate synthase ThyX of the cultured ‘Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum’. The enzyme efficiently uses bacterial-like folates and is inhibited by mycobacterial ThyX inhibitors, even though the majority of experimentally tested archaea are known to use carbon carriers distinct from bacterial folates. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the eukaryotic thymidylate synthase, required for de novo DNA synthesis, is not closely related to archaeal enzymes and might have been transferred from bacteria to protoeukaryotes during eukaryogenesis. Altogether, our study suggests that the capacity of eukaryotic cells to duplicate their genetic material is a sum of archaeal (replisome) and bacterial (thymidylate synthase) characteristics. We also propose that recent prevalent lateral gene transfer from bacteria has markedly shaped the metabolism of Asgard archaea.
Prospect of acromegaly therapy: molecular mechanism of clinical drugs octreotide and paltusotine
Authors: Zhao Jie , Fu Hong , Yu Jingjing , Hong Weiqi , Tian Xiaowen , Qi Jieyu , Sun Suyue , Zhao Chang , Wu Chao , Xu Zheng , Cheng Lin , Chai Renjie , Yan Wei , Wei Xiawei , Shao Zhenhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSomatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is highly expressed in neuroendocrine tumors and represents as a therapeutic target. Several peptide analogs mimicking the endogenous ligand somatostatin are available for clinical use, but poor therapeutic effects occur in a subset of patients, which may be correlated with subtype selectivity or cell surface expression. Here, we clarify the signal bias profiles of the first-generation peptide drug octreotide and a new-generation small molecule paltusotine by evaluating their pharmacological characteristics. We then perform cryo-electron microscopy analysis of SSTR2-Gi complexes to determine how the drugs activate SSTR2 in a selective manner. In this work, we decipher the mechanism of ligand recognition, subtype selectivity and signal bias property of SSTR2 sensing octreotide and paltusotine, which may aid in designing therapeutic drugs with specific pharmacological profiles against neuroendocrine tumors.