bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD-1 blockade attenuates surgery-mediated immunosuppression and boosts Th1 immunity perioperatively in oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma
Authors: Davern Maria , Gaughan Caoimhe , O’ Connell Fiona , Moran Brendan , Mylod Eimear , Sheppard Andrew D. , Ramjit Sinead , Yun-Tong Kung Jasmine , Phelan James J. , Davey Matthew G. , Ryan Eanna J. , Butler Christine , Quinn Laura , Howard Claudine , Tone Emily , Phoenix Eimear , Butt Waqas T. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Maher Stephen G. , Ravi Narayanasamy , Donohoe Claire L. , Reynolds John V. , Lysaght Joanne , Donlon Noel E. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThis timely study assesses the immunosuppressive effects of surgery on cytotoxic Th1-like immunity and investigates if immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) can boost Th1-like immunity in the perioperative window in upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGI) patients.MethodsPBMCs were isolated from 11 UGI patients undergoing tumour resection on post-operative days (POD) 0, 1, 7 and 42 and expanded ex vivo using anti-CD3/28 and IL-2 for 5 days in the absence/presence of nivolumab or ipilimumab. T cells were subsequently immunophenotyped via flow cytometry to determine the frequency of T helper (Th)1-like, Th1/17-like, Th17-like and regulatory T cell (Tregs) subsets and their immune checkpoint expression profile. Lymphocyte secretions were also assessed via multiplex ELISA (IFN-γ, granzyme B, IL-17 and IL-10). The 48h cytotoxic ability of vehicle-, nivolumab- and ipilimumab-expanded PBMCs isolated on POD 0, 1, 7 and 42 against radiosensitive and radioresistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma tumour cells (OE33 P and OE33 R) was also examined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay to determine if surgery affected the killing ability of lymphocytes and whether the use of ICB could enhance cytotoxicity.ResultsTh1-like immunity was suppressed in expanded PBMCs in the immediate post-operative setting. The frequency of expanded circulating Th1-like cells was significantly decreased post-operatively accompanied by a decrease in IFN-γ production and a concomitant increase in the frequency of expanded regulatory T cells with an increase in circulating levels of IL-10. Interestingly, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint proteins were also upregulated on expanded Th1-like cells post-operatively. Additionally, the cytotoxic ability of expanded lymphocytes against oesophageal adenocarcinoma tumour cells was abrogated post-surgery. Of note, the addition of nivolumab or ipilimumab attenuated the surgery-mediated suppression of lymphocyte cytotoxicity, demonstrated by a significant increase in tumour cell killing and an increase in the frequency of Th1-like cells and Th1 cytokine production.ConclusionThese findings support the hypothesis of a surgery-mediated suppression in Th1-like cytotoxic immunity and highlights a rationale for the use of ICB within the perioperative setting to abrogate tumour-promoting effects of surgery and ameliorate the risk of recurrence.
Dissociating the processing of empty categories in raising and control sentences: a self-paced reading study in Japanese
Authors: Yamaguchi Koki , Ohta Shinri 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionTheoretical linguistics has proposed different types of empty categories (ECs), i.e., unpronounced words with syntactic characteristics. ECs are a key to elucidating the computational system of syntax, algorithms of language processing, and their neural implementation. Here we examined the distinction between raising and control sentences in Japanese and whether ECs are psychologically real.MethodsWe recruited 254 native speakers of Japanese in the present internet-based experiment. We used a self-paced reading and a probe recognition priming technique. To investigate whether raising and control sentences have different ECs (i.e., Copy and PRO) and whether these ECs cause a reactivation effect, behavioral data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsWe found two striking results. First, we demonstrate that the reading times of raising and control sentences in Japanese were better explained by the linear mixed-effects model considering the differences of ECs, i.e., Copy and PRO. Secondly, we found a significant reactivation effect for raising and control sentences, which have ECs, and reflexive sentences without ECs. These results indicate that ECs are processed similarly to reflexive pronouns (e.g., himself ).DiscussionBased on these results, we conclude that raising and control sentences in Japanese have different ECs, i.e., Copy and PRO, and that ECs have psychological reality. Our results demonstrate that behavioral experiment based on theoretical linguistics, which is the first step for developing linking hypotheses connecting theoretical linguistics and experimental neuroscience, is indeed necessary for testing hypotheses proposed in theoretical linguistics.
Qing-Kai-Ling oral liquid alleviated pneumonia via regulation of intestinal flora and metabolites in rats
Authors: Chen Hongying , Li Siju , Pan Biyan , Liu Kun , Yu Hansheng , Ma Chong , Qi Huiyuan , Zhang Yuefeng , Huang Xinyi , Ouyang Dongsheng , Xie Zhiyong 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundQing-Kai-Ling (QKL) oral liquid, evolving from a classical Chinese formula known as An-Gong-Niu-Huang pills, is a well-established treatment for pneumonia with its mechanism remaining muddled. Studies have shown that the regulation of both intestinal flora and host-microbiota co-metabolism may contribute to preventing and treating pneumonia. The study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism by which QKL alleviates pneumonia from the perspective of ‘microbiota-metabolites-host’ interaction.MethodsWe evaluated the therapeutic effects of QKL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pneumonia rats. To explore the protective mechanism of QKL treatment, a multi-omics analysis that included 16S rDNA sequencing for disclosing the key intestinal flora, the fecal metabolome to discover the differential metabolites, and whole transcriptome sequencing of lung tissue to obtain the differentially expressed genes was carried out. Then, a Spearman correlation was employed to investigate the association between the intestinal flora, the fecal metabolome and inflammation-related indices.ResultsThe study demonstrated that pneumonia symptoms were significantly attenuated in QKL-treated rats, including decreased TNF-α, NO levels and increased SOD level. Furthermore, QKL was effective in alleviating pneumonia and provided protection equivalent to that of the positive drug dexamethasone. Compared with the Model group, QKL treatment significantly increased the richness and αlpha diversity of intestinal flora, and restored multiple intestinal genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Dorea, Mucispirillum, and Staphylococcus) that were correlated with inflammation-related indices. Interestingly, the intestinal flora demonstrated a strong correlation with several metabolites impacted by QKL. Furthermore, metabolome and transcriptome analyses showed that enrichment of several host-microbiota co-metabolites [arachidonic acid, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, LysoPC (20:0/0:0), LysoPA (18:0e/0:0), cholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid and 12-ketodeoxycholic acid] levels and varying lung gene (Pla2g2a, Pla2g5, Alox12e, Cyp4a8, Ccl19, and Ccl21) expression were observed in the QKL group. Moreover, these metabolites and genes were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation-related pathways.ConclusionOur findings indicated that QKL could potentially modulate intestinal flora dysbiosis, improve host-microbiota co-metabolism dysregulation and regulate gene expression in the lungs, thereby mitigating LPS-induced pneumonia in rats. The study may provide new ideas for the clinical application and further development of QKL.
A robotic treadmill system to mimic overground walking training with body weight support
Authors: Kim Jongbum , Oh Seunghue , Jo Yongjin , Moon James Hyungsup , Kim Jonghyun 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionBody weight support overground walking training (BWSOWT) is widely used in gait rehabilitation. However, existing systems require large workspace, complex structure, and substantial installation cost for the actuator, which make those systems inappropriate for the clinical environment. For wide clinical use, the proposed system is based on a self-paced treadmill, and uses an optimized body weight support with frame-based two-wire mechanism.MethodThe Interactive treadmill was used to mimic overground walking. We opted the conventional DC motors to partially unload the body weight and modified pelvic type harness to allow natural pelvic motion. The performance of the proposed system on the measurement of anterior/posterior position, force control, and pelvic motion was evaluated with 8 healthy subjects during walking training.ResultsWe verified that the proposed system was the cost/space-effective and showed the more accurate anterior/posterior position than motion sensor, comparable force control performance, and natural pelvic motion.DiscussionThe proposed system is cost/space effective, and able to mimic overground walking training with body weight support. In future work, we will improve the force control performance and optimize the training protocol for wide clinical use.
Effect of the physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Qian , Liu Xiao-Ling , Hui Rong , Zhang Yin-Ping 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIt is the most practical goal of limb rehabilitation for stroke patients to make the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb joints link together as a whole and restore the ability to self-care. However, many previous studies focused on the single joint or single muscle group movement of stroke patients and did not integrate self-care ability training into the whole process of rehabilitation, which lacks accuracy, integrity, and systematization.MethodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Eligible patients were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria and then divided into an experimental group (n = 80) and a control group (n = 80) by the medical district. The control group received the routine physical rehabilitation intervention. The experimental group adopted the physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability led by the nurses specializing in stroke rehabilitation to carry out the multi-joint coordinated exercise based on the control group. The training time and frequency were the same in both groups (45 min per session, one session per day for three consecutive months). The primary outcome was myodynamia. Secondary outcomes were the modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). The primary and secondary outcomes were assessed before the intervention and at 1 and 3 months of intervention. In this study, the TREND checklist was followed for non-randomized controlled trials.ResultsA total of 160 participants completed the study. The physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability was better than the routine rehabilitation program. With the prolongation of intervention time, all outcomes improved gradually in the experimental group (P &lt; 0.05), and the myodynamia of lower limbs recovered faster than that of upper limbs. In the control group, the myodynamia of the affected limb was not significantly improved (P &gt; 0.05), with only a small increase in MBI and SS-QOL scores (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability after stroke was beneficial for acute ischemic stroke patients and improved the patient's myodynamia, quality of life, and self-care ability within the third month.
Investigating the association between neoplasms and MOG antibody-associated disease
Authors: Trentinaglia Milena , Dinoto Alessandro , Carta Sara , Chiodega Vanessa , Ferrari Sergio , Andreone Vincenzo , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Mariotto Sara 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionThe association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated disease (MOGAD) and tumors has seldom been reported. We aim to investigate the occurrence of tumors in a cohort of patients with MOGAD and to describe their clinical features, in addition to previously reported cases.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients with MOGAD (i.e., compatible clinical phenotype and positive MOG antibodies analysed with a live cell-based assay) from 1/1/2015 to 1/1/2023 who had a neoplasm diagnosed within 2  years from MOGAD onset. Furthermore, we performed systematic review of literature to identify previously reported cases. Clinical, paraclinical and oncological findings were collected and reported as median (range) or number (percentage).ResultsTwo of 150 MOGAD patients (1%) had a concomitant neoplasm in our cohort. Fifteen additional cases were retrieved from literature. Median age was 39 (16–73) years-old, 12 patients were female. ADEM (n= 4;23.5%), encephalomyelitis (n= 3;17.6%), and monolateral optic neuritis (n= 2;11.8%) were the most frequent phenotypes. Median number of treatments was 1 (range 1–4), improvement was reported in 14/17 cases (82.4%). Oncological accompaniments were teratoma (n= 4), CNS (n= 3), melanoma (n= 2), lung (n= 2), hematological (n= 2), ovary (n= 1), breast (n= 1), gastrointestinal (n= 1), and thymic (n= 1) neoplasms. Median time from tumor diagnosis to MOGAD onset was 0 (range − 60 to 20) months. MOG expression in neoplastic tissue was reported in 2/4 patients. Median PNS-CARE score was 3 (range 0–7): 11 patients were classified as “non-PNS,” 5 as “possible PNS,” and 1 as “probable PNS.”DiscussionOur study confirms that MOG is a low-risk antibody for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and that the clinical presentation and oncological accompaniments are extremely variable. Most of these patients were classified as non-PNS, whereas only a minority was diagnosed with possible/probable PNS, frequently in association with ovarian teratoma. These findings support the notion that MOGAD is not a paraneoplastic disease.
Enhanced motor imagery of digits within the same hand via vibrotactile stimulation
Authors: Ramu Vadivelan , Lakshminarayanan Kishor 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of vibrotactile stimulation prior to repeated complex motor imagery of finger movements using the non-dominant hand on motor imagery (MI) performance.MethodsTen healthy right-handed adults (4 females and 6 males) participated in the study. The subjects performed motor imagery tasks with and without a brief vibrotactile sensory stimulation prior to performing motor imagery using either their left-hand index, middle, or thumb digits. Mu- and beta-band event-related desynchronization (ERD) at the sensorimotor cortex and an artificial neural network-based digit classification was evaluated.ResultsThe ERD and digit discrimination results from our study showed that ERD was significantly different between the vibration conditions for the index, middle, and thumb. It was also found that digit classification accuracy with-vibration (mean ± SD = 66.31 ± 3.79%) was significantly higher than without-vibration (mean ± SD = 62.68 ± 6.58%).ConclusionThe results showed that a brief vibration was more effective at improving MI-based brain-computer interface classification of digits within a single limb through increased ERD compared to performing MI without vibrotactile stimulation.
Torsional nystagmus recognition based on deep learning for vertigo diagnosis
Authors: Li Haibo , Yang Zhifan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDetection of torsional nystagmus can help identify the canal of origin in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Most currently available pupil trackers do not detect torsional nystagmus. In view of this, a new deep learning network model was designed for the determination of torsional nystagmus.MethodsThe data set comes from the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (Eye&amp;ENT) Hospital of Fudan University. In the process of data acquisition, the infrared videos were obtained from eye movement recorder. The dataset contains 24521 nystagmus videos. All torsion nystagmus videos were annotated by the ophthalmologist of the hospital. 80% of the data set was used to train the model, and 20% was used to test.ResultsExperiments indicate that the designed method can effectively identify torsional nystagmus. Compared with other methods, it has high recognition accuracy. It can realize the automatic recognition of torsional nystagmus and provides support for the posterior and anterior canal BPPV diagnosis.DiscussionOur present work complements existing methods of 2D nystagmus analysis and could improve the diagnostic capabilities of VNG in multiple vestibular disorders. To automatically pick BPV requires detection of nystagmus in all 3 planes and identification of a paroxysm. This is the next research work to be carried out.
A rare case report of panuveitis with retinochoroidal involvement, retinitis, and retinal vasculitis due to extensive tinea corporis
Authors: Konana Vinaya Kumar , Babu Kalpana 
Published: June 2023

A 40-year-old Asian Indian woman, diagnosed as having idiopathic panuveitis (elsewhere) 3 years earlier and being treated with oral steroids (20 mg/day) and methotrexate (25 mg/week), presented to us with worsening vision in both eyes. Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was perception of light in her right eye and counting fingers close to face in her left eye. A slit lamp examination showed an anterior chamber (AC) reaction (1+) in both eyes with posterior synechia, a total cataract in her right eye, and pseudophakia in her left eye. The left fundus showed vitritis, vitreous membranes, chorioretinitis, multifocal areas of retinitis, and retinal vascular sheathing. A systemic examination showed extensive multifocal areas of tinea corporis on the hands and torso. Owing to the leukocytosis (22,000 cells/mm3), diagnostic vitrectomy was initially deferred and 100 mg of oral itraconazole was given twice a day for 3 months. The vitritis improved a little and her total white blood cell (WBC) count improved with treatment of the skin infection. Following a diagnostic vitrectomy later in her left eye, resolving areas of retinitis were seen. Complete resolution of eye inflammation was seen at the end of 6 weeks. At the 6-month follow-up, her BCVA was 6/18 in left eye and she was off oral steroids and methotrexate, with no recurrence of inflammation. We speculate a probable association between the ocular inflammation and extensive tinea corporis based on the therapeutic response to itraconazole.
Association between the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and platelet transfusion: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chioma Roberto , Ghirardello Stefano , Włodarczyk Krzysztof , Ulan-Drozdowska Joanna , Spagarino Antonio , Szumska Marta , Krasuska Klaudia , Seliga-Siwecka Joanna , Philip Roy K. , Al Assaf Niazy , Pierro Maria 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus on the management of thrombocytopenia in preterm infants, and the threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusion varies widely among clinicians and institutions. Reports in animal models suggested that platelets may play a relevant role in lung alveolarization and regeneration. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe respiratory condition with a multifactorial origin that affects infants born at the early stages of lung development. Recent randomized controlled trials on the platelets count threshold for prophylactic transfusions in preterm infants with thrombocytopenia suggest that a higher exposition to platelet transfusion may increase the risk of BPD. Here, we report a protocol for a systematic review, which aims to assist evidence-based clinical practice and clarify if the administration of platelet products may be associated with the incidence of BPD and/or death in preterm infants.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane databases, and sources of gray literature for conference abstracts and trial registrations will be searched with no time or language restrictions. Case–control studies, cohort studies, and nonrandomized or randomized trials that evaluated the risk for BPD and/or death in preterm infants exposed to platelet transfusion will be included. Data from studies that are sufficiently similar will be pooled as appropriate. Data extraction forms will be developed a priori. Observational studies and nonrandomized and randomized clinical trials will be analyzed separately. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and the mean difference (95% CI) for continuous outcomes will be combined. The expected heterogeneity will be accounted for using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis will be performed based on a priori-determined covariate of interest. In case of sufficient homogeneity of interventions and outcomes evaluated, results from subgroups of studies will be pooled together in a meta-analysis.DiscussionThis systematic review will investigate the association of BPD/death with platelet components administration in preterm infants, and, consequently, it will provide reliable indications for the evidence-based management of premature patients with thrombocytopenia.
Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in an ovine model of congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow and pressure
Authors: Soares Joao Henrique N. , Raff Gary W. , Fineman Jeffrey R. , Datar Sanjeev A. 
Published: June 2023

In a model of congenital heart disease (CHD), we evaluated if chronically increased pulmonary blood flow and pressure were associated with altered respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. Respiratory mechanics and gas exchange were evaluated in 6 shunt, 7 SHAM, and 7 control age-matched lambs. Lambs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated for 15 min with tidal volume of 10 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O, and inspired oxygen fraction of 0.21. Respiratory system, lung and chest wall compliances (Crs, CL and Ccw, respectively) and resistances (Rrs, RL and Rcw, respectively), and the profile of the elastic pressure-volume curve (%E2) were evaluated. Arterial blood gases and volumetric capnography variables were collected. Comparisons between groups were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer test for normally distributed data and with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Steel-Dwass test for non-normally distributed data. Average Crs and CL in shunt lambs were 30% and 58% lower than in control, and 56% and 68% lower than in SHAM lambs, respectively. Ccw was 52% and 47% higher and Rcw was 53% and 40% lower in shunt lambs compared to controls and SHAMs, respectively. No difference in %E2 was identified between groups. No difference in respiratory mechanics was observed between control and SHAM lambs. In shunt lambs, Rcw, Crs and CL were decreased and Ccw was increased when compared to control and SHAM lambs. Pulmonary gas exchange did not seem to be impaired in shunt lambs when compared to controls and SHAMs.