bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal aortic occlusion in the setting of Covid 19 infection: literature review and a case report
Authors: Kimyaghalam Ali , Khan Shahkar , Bonilla Harrison , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This case report and literature review aimed to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of abdominal aortic thrombosis in patients with COVID-19. A case report was presented of a 52-y-old male with past medical history significant only for hypertension who presented with lower extremity claudication 5 months after a mild COVID-19 infection. On imaging, he had an isolated aortic thrombus and underwent successful thrombectomy. To prevent devastating limb ischemia, we emphasize early evaluation of claudication symptoms in patients with COVID-19 or recent COVID-19 infection. A literature search was performed, which yielded nine articles relevant to concomitant COVID-19 infection and abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO). The results showed that the majority of patients presented with clinical features of acute limb ischemia, along with associated features of a hypercoagulable state. While the patient age range was wide, most patients were over the age of 50 y. The case report and literature review highlight the importance of recognizing the potential for AAO in patients with COVID-19, especially in those with risk factors such as advanced age or underlying medical conditions.
Surgical approach for thyroglossal duct cyst cancer: a case report of challenging conventional thinking
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Figueroa Luis , Pilatuña Eduardo Andres , Rocha Carla , Godoy Richard , García Cristhian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article reports an older woman with a 2-year history of enlarging submental neck mass. Head and neck imaging displayed a group with a solid central component. Additionally, a fine-needle aspiration suggested neoplasia. Thyroglossal duct cyst cancer is sporadic, accounting for ˂1% of all thyroid malignancies. A Sistrunk procedure was followed by a total thyroidectomy and unilateral neck dissections. From histological and immunohistochemical examinations, the incidental finding of carcinoma indicates the diagnosis of thyroid tissue thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma, as it is the most common site for malignancy in ectopic thyroid tissue. The patient had an excellent recovery without additional treatments after surgery.
Acute mesenteric haematoma and hematoperitoneum following a coughing episode induced by COVID-19
Authors: Carey Charles , Khatoon Maryam , Seriki Dare , Agwunobi Anselm 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Acute mesenteric haematoma (AMH) is a rare condition and established causes include blunt trauma, aneurysmal rupture, acute pancreatitis and anticoagulant use. A male patient in his 50s presented with abdominal pain and loss of consciousness that was immediately preceded by a prolonged coughing episode. A computed tomography (CT) abdomen-pelvis revealed two acute mesenteric haematomas and haematoperitoneum and admission swabs diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient had no other acute clinical issues and was not taking anticoagulants. The haematomas were managed conservatively and a follow up computed tomography (CT) 4 weeks post-discharge revealed significant improvement. No clear vessel was identified as the source of the bleed in any of the investigations. This case represents a rare instance of AMH and haematoperitoneum with no established cause. We theorize that the combination of the patient’s systemic response to COVID-19 and raised intra-abdominal pressure caused by coughing contributed to the bleeding.
Improving Resiliency in U.S. Air Force Healthcare Personnel: A Randomized Preventive Trial
Authors: Hernandez Stephen H A , Killian Jacqueline , Parshall Mark B , Reno Jessica , Zhu Yiliang 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effectiveness of the Stress Management and Resilience Training (SMART) with U.S. military personnel has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of SMART in increasing resilience in Air Force healthcare personnel.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a pilot, randomized preventive trial with active component Air Force healthcare personnel. SMART was offered via an in-person, 2-h training session delivered through face-to-face or synchronous video teleconference training, or via a self-paced, computer-based training. A baseline survey included demographics questions and the Connor–Davidson-10 Resilience Scale (CD-10), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and overall quality of life (QOL) measure. Follow-up surveys with the CD-10, PSS, GAD-7, and quality of life were sent to participants at 12, 18, and 24 weeks after completing SMART.

Results
Fifty-six service members completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to either the in-person modality (comprised of video teleconference or face-to-face training) or the computer-based training modality, and 49 participants completed SMART. Significant increases in median CD-10 scores were observed among all participants, showing a 4-point (14%), 6-point (21%), and 5-point (17%) increase at week-12, -18, and -24, respectively, from the baseline. A significant overall decrease in median PSS scores from baseline were observed, with 5.5-points (22%), 7.81-points (32%), and 8.5-points (35%) decrease at 12, 18, and 24 weeks post-SMART, respectively.

Conclusions
In this pilot study, SMART demonstrated significant and meaningful improvements in self-reported CD-10 and PSS-14 scores at 12, 18, and 24 weeks post-training completion. A future replication of the study is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of SMART on a larger scale.
Comparison of Axial Force Attenuation Characteristics in Two Different Lower Extremity Anthropomorphic Test Devices
Authors: Chirvi Sajal , Pintar Frank A , Yoganandan Narayan , Joseph McEntire B 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Any type of boot or footwear is designed to attenuate and distribute loading to the bottom of the foot. Anthropomorphic test device (ATDs) are used to assess potential countermeasures against these loads. The specific aims of this study were to compare and quantify force attenuation characteristics as a function of input energy for Hybrid-III and Mil-Lx ATD human surrogates.

Materials and methods
Two lower leg ATD surrogates (Mil-Lx and Hybrid-III) were tested to investigate the influence of a commercially available military boot on lower extremity force response and assess such differences against previously published postmortem human surrogate studies. The testing apparatus impacted the bottom of the foot using a rigid plate at velocities from 2 to 10 m/s. Tests were conducted on each ATD to obtain axial force response with and without boots as a function of input energy.

Results
Peak forces ranged from 1 to 16.4 kN for the Hybrid-III, and 1 to 8.4 kN for the Mil-Lx for similar input conditions. The average force attenuation for the Hybrid-III at upper and lower load cells was 71% (59%–80%) and 70% (58%–78%). The average attenuation for the Mil-Lx at upper and lower load cells was 20% (13%–28%) and 37% (36%–37%), respectively. At the knee load cell, the attenuated peak loads ranged from 62% to 81% for the Hybrid-III and 16% to 30% for the Mil-Lx.

Conclusions
Force attenuation characteristics in the booted vs unbooted configuration of the Mil-Lx were significantly different than force attenuation characteristics of the H3 and may better represent in vivo forces during vertical impact injuries, such as IED blasts. Hence for military relevant applications where boots are used, the Mil-Lx may provide a more conservative evaluation of lower extremity protection systems.
A transient overcooling in the early Universe? Clues from globular clusters formation
Authors: Renzini Alvio 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The mere existence of multiple stellar generations in Milky Way globular clusters indicates that each generation was unable to stop star formation, that instead persisted unimpeded for several million years. This evidence argues for an extended stage of star formation within a forming globular cluster, during which stellar feedback was substantially ineffective and the nascent globular cluster was able to accrete processed gas from its surrounding, and efficiently convert it into successive stellar generations. It has been argued that such delayed feedback results from core collapse in most massive stars failing to trigger an energetic supernova explosion, but rather leading directly to black hole formation. Thus, globular clusters offer a concrete phenomenological example for the lack of feedback in young starbursts, an option that has been widely advocated to account for the unexpected abundance of ultraviolet-luminous galaxies at z = 9–16, as revealed by JWST observations. The paper is meant to attract attention to this opportunity for a synergic cooperation of globular cluster and high-redshift research.
Major Revisions in Pancrustacean Phylogeny and Evidence of Sensitivity to Taxon Sampling
Authors: Bernot James P , Owen Christopher L , Wolfe Joanna M , Meland Kenneth , Olesen Jørgen , Crandall Keith A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The clade Pancrustacea, comprising crustaceans and hexapods, is the most diverse group of animals on earth, containing over 80% of animal species and half of animal biomass. It has been the subject of several recent phylogenomic analyses, yet relationships within Pancrustacea show a notable lack of stability. Here, the phylogeny is estimated with expanded taxon sampling, particularly of malacostracans. We show small changes in taxon sampling have large impacts on phylogenetic estimation. By analyzing identical orthologs between two slightly different taxon sets, we show that the differences in the resulting topologies are due primarily to the effects of taxon sampling on the phylogenetic reconstruction method. We compare trees resulting from our phylogenomic analyses with those from the literature to explore the large tree space of pancrustacean phylogenetic hypotheses and find that statistical topology tests reject the previously published trees in favor of the maximum likelihood trees produced here. Our results reject several clades including Caridoida, Eucarida, Multicrustacea, Vericrustacea, and Syncarida. Notably, we find Copepoda nested within Allotriocarida with high support and recover a novel relationship between decapods, euphausiids, and syncarids that we refer to as the Syneucarida. With denser taxon sampling, we find Stomatopoda sister to this latter clade, which we collectively name Stomatocarida, dividing Malacostraca into three clades: Leptostraca, Peracarida, and Stomatocarida. A new Bayesian divergence time estimation is conducted using 13 vetted fossils. We review our results in the context of other pancrustacean phylogenetic hypotheses and highlight 15 key taxa to sample in future studies.
On the non-uniqueness problem in integrated information theory
Authors: Hanson Jake R , Walker Sara I 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 3.0 is among the leading theories of consciousness in contemporary neuroscience. The core of the theory relies on the calculation of a scalar mathematical measure of consciousness, Φ, which is inspired by the phenomenological axioms of the theory. Here, we show that despite its widespread application, Φ is not a well-defined mathematical concept in the sense that the value it specifies is non-unique. To demonstrate this, we introduce an algorithm that calculates all possible Φ values for a given system in strict accordance with the mathematical definition from the theory. We show that, to date, all published Φ values under consideration are selected arbitrarily from a multitude of equally valid alternatives. Crucially, both $\Phi=0$ and $\Phi\gt0$ are often predicted simultaneously, rendering any interpretation of these systems as conscious or not, non-decidable in the current formulation of IIT.
The impact of gut microbiome-targeted therapy on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella meta-analysis
Authors: Amini-Salehi Ehsan , Hassanipour Soheil , Keivanlou Mohammad-Hossein , Shahdkar Milad , Orang Goorabzarmakhi Mahdi , Vakilpour Azin , Joukar Farahnaz , Hashemi Mohammad , Sattari Nazila , Javid Mohammadreza , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, no confirmed medication is available for the treatment of NAFLD. Previous studies showed the promising effects of gut microbiome–targeted therapies; however, the results were controversial and the strength of the evidence and their clinical significance remained unclear.

Objectives
This umbrella study summarizes the results of meta-analyses investigating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes in the NAFLD population.

Data Source
A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was done up to December 20, 2022, to find meta-analyses on randomized control trials reporting the effects of gut microbial therapy on patients with NAFLD.

Data Extraction
Two independent investigators extracted data on the characteristics of meta-analyses, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third researcher. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used for evaluating the quality of studies.

Data Analysis
A final total of 15 studies were included in the analysis. Results showed that microbiome-targeted therapies could significantly reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; effect size [ES], −10.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], −13.29, −7.14; P &lt; 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; ES, −8.86; 95%CI, −11.39, −6.32; P &lt; 0.001), and γ-glutamyltransferase (ES, −5.56; 95%CI, −7.92, −3.31; P &lt; 0.001) in patients with NAFLD. Results of subgroup analysis based on intervention showed probiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, −8.69; 95%CI, −11.01, −6.37; P &lt; 0.001) and ALT (ES, −9.82; 95%CI, −11.59, −8.05; P &lt; 0.001). Synbiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, −11.40; 95%CI, −13.91, −8.88; P &lt; 0.001) and ALT (ES, −11.87; 95%CI, −13.80, −9.95; P &lt; 0.001). Prebiotics had no significant effects on AST and ALT levels (ES, −2.96; 95%CI, −8.12, 2.18, P = 0.259; and ES, −4.69; 95%CI, −13.53, 4.15, P = 0.299, respectively).

Conclusion
Gut microbiome–targeted therapies could be a promising therapeutic approach in the improvement of hepatic damage in patients with NAFLD. However, more studies are needed to better determine the best bacterial strains, duration of treatment, and optimum dosage of gut microbiome–targeted therapies in the treatment of the NAFLD population.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022346998.
The role of zinc on nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults: a scoping review
Authors: Abeywickrama Hansani Madushika , Uchiyama Mieko , Sumiyoshi Tomoko , Okuda Akiko , Koyama Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Zinc (Zn) deficiency, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are prevalent among older adults and are prominent factors contributing to disability and mortality.

Objective
This scoping review was conducted to aid understanding of the extent and types of research addressing the role of Zn in nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty, among older individuals.

Method
A systematic search was performed in August 2022 of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest) using predefined search terms. The review was conducted referring to the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR.

Results
The search retrieved 16 018 records, and a total of 49 studies were included in this review after the screening. Of those, 30 were based on dietary Zn intake, 18 on tissue Zn levels, and 1 on both. Most studies were based on cross-sectional data from community-dwelling older adults. Studies addressing the associations between Zn status and individual anthropometric and sarcopenia-related variables reported inconsistent results. However, most studies reported inverse associations between malnutrition, frailty, and Zn status.

Conclusion
There was more consistent evidence of the relationship of Zn status with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty rather than with individual nutritional parameters. Validated screening and assessment tools and criteria and prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship of Zn with sarcopenia and frailty in the older population.
Plant foods, healthy plant-based diets, and type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence
Authors: del Carmen Fernández-Fígares Jiménez Mariana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic chronic disease in which insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production lead to elevated blood glucose levels. The prevalence of T2D is growing worldwide, mainly due to obesity and the adoption of Western diets. Replacing animal foods with healthy plant foods is associated with a lower risk of T2D in prospective studies. In randomized controlled trials, the consumption of healthy plant foods in place of animal foods led to cardiometabolic improvements in patients with T2D or who were at high risk of the disease. Dietary patterns that limit or exclude animal foods and focus on healthy plant foods (eg, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, legumes), known as healthy, plant-based diets, are consistently associated with a lower risk of T2D in cohort studies. The aim of this review is to examine the differential effects of plant foods and animal foods on T2D risk and to describe the existing literature about the role of healthy, plant-based diets, particularly healthy vegan diets, in T2D prevention and management. The evidence from cohort studies and randomized controlled trials will be reported, in addition to the potential biological mechanisms that seem to be involved.
Comparison of Tocilizumab vs Baricitinib in Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Experience From a Public Hospital System in New York City
Authors: Sunny Subin , Tran Ami , Lee Jennifer , Abdallah Marie , Chaudhry Nimra , Quale John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Tocilizumab and baricitinib are immunomodulators that have been repurposed for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether one medication should be preferred over the other has not been established.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study comprised hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received either tocilizumab or baricitinib. The primary outcome was improvement in respiratory status (at least 1-point reduction on the respiratory ordinal scale) at day 7 and up to day 28. Secondary outcomes included mortality, disposition, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or positive blood culture. Outcomes were stratified by baseline respiratory status and variant-predominating periods. Results were reported for the overall and propensity-matched cohorts.

Results
A total of 921 patients received tocilizumab and 638 received baricitinib. The propensity-matched cohort included 597 patients in each group. At day 7 in the overall and propensity-matched cohorts, significantly more patients had improvement in respiratory status in the baricitinib group. These improvements were seen in patients requiring supplemental oxygen and noninvasive ventilation/high-flow oxygen but not in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Favorable outcomes with baricitinib were observed during the Alpha and Omicron periods. By day 28, there were no differences in the changes of respiratory status for the treatment groups in either cohort. Also, no differences were seen in mortality, disposition, development of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, or bloodstream infections.

Conclusions
Baricitinib treatment was associated with more favorable respiratory improvement at day 7 when compared with tocilizumab, but no differences were observed up to day 28.
Effects of therapeutic exercise in primary dysmenorrhea: an umbrella and mapping review
Authors: Fuentes-Aparicio Laura , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Muñoz-Gómez Elena , Mollà-Casanova Sara , Aguilar-Rodríguez Marta , Sempere-Rubio Núria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is 1 of the most prevalent gynecologic conditions. The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the effects of therapeutic exercise (TE) on PD.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and PEDro (December 10, 2022). The outcome measures assessed were menstrual pain intensity, menstrual pain duration, and quality of life. Methodological quality was analyzed using the AMSTAR and ROBIS scales, and the strength of evidence was established according to the advisory committee grading criteria guidelines.

Results
Nine systematic reviews were included. The results showed that TE, regardless of the exercise model and intensity, has a clinical effect in improving menstrual pain intensity in women with PD with moderate quality of evidence. In addition, the results showed that TE has a clinical effect in improving the duration of menstrual pain in women with PD with a limited quality of evidence. However, the results are controversial on the improvement of quality of life in women with PD with a limited quality of evidence.

Conclusions
TE seems an effective option to implement in women with PD to improve the intensity and duration of menstrual pain. We cannot draw robust results for quality of life due to the low number of primary studies. More research in this field can help us establish more robust conclusions, as well as to assess whether there is one exercise model or intensity of training that is more effective than others.
PROSPERO number: This review was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022371428).
The central helicase domain holds the major conformational epitopes of melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 autoantibodies
Authors: Mo Yongxin , Ye Yan , Peng Lisheng , Sun Xiaobo , Zhong Xiaofen , Wu Rui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Autoantibodies against MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) serve as a biomarker for DM (dermatomyositis) and indicate a risk factor for interstitial lung disease (ILD). MDA5 is a protein responsible for sensing RNA virus infection and activating signalling pathways against it. However, little is known about the antigen epitopes on MDA5 autoantibodies. We aimed to determine the interaction of the MDA5 autoantibody–antigen epitope.

Methods
Cell-based assays (CBAs), immunoprecipitation-immunoblot assays, and various immunoblotting techniques were used in the study.

Results
We demonstrated that DM patient autoantibodies recognize MDA5 epitopes in a native conformation–dependent manner. Furthermore, we identified the central helicase domain （3Hel） formed by Hel1, Hel2i, Hel2, and pincer as the major epitopes. As proof of principle, the purified 3Hel efficiently absorbed MDA5 autoantibodies from patient sera through immunoprecipitation-immunoblot assay.

Conclusion
Our study uncovered the nature of the antigen epitopes on MDA5 and can provide guidance for diagnosis and a targeted therapeutic approach development.