bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axiological hinge commitments
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In his final notebooks, published posthumously as On Certainty, Wittgenstein set forth a radical picture of the structure of rational evaluation, one that has arational hinge commitments at its heart. Much of the focus of discussion of hinge commitments has been on the commonsense, Moorean, factual commitments that fall into this class (such as that one has hands, one’s name is such-and-such, and so on). But on a plausible rendering of the Wittgensteinian position, there ought to also be hinge commitments of a broadly axiological nature, which express the subject’s fundamental values (moral, political, and so forth) that comprise her worldview. Various recent proposals for understanding axiological hinge commitments are considered, with most of them found to be problematic. A particular conception of axiological hinge commitments is offered, and their philosophical relevance is explored by considering how they relate to deep moral disagreements.
Evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of bee venom against multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: El-Bilawy Emad H. , Mamdouh Islam , Behiry Said , Teiba Islam I. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bee venom (BV) represents a promising natural alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly significant given its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and potential to address the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (AMR) is a global burden that affects human health and the economies of different countries. As a result, several scientific communities around the world are searching for safe alternatives to antibiotics. In this context, the present study represents a comprehensive investigation to evaluate the antibacterial effect of bee venom (BV) against Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC14028, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC25923. One mg of BV was extracted using 1 mL of DMSO to obtain a 1000 µg/mL solution. The chemical profile of the BV extract was determined using GC-MS, which revealed the presence of bioactive molecules with antimicrobial properties, such as astaxanthin, hycanthone, and fucoxanthin. The BV extract was tested against bacterial strains using different concentrations to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The results obtained revealed a high antibacterial activity of BV against the three strains with the highest MIC/MBC values of 12.5/25 µgml− 1 against S. typhimurium. The antibacterial activity of the BV extract was compared to five conventional antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The results showed a high antibacterial activity of the BV extract compared to different antibiotics with the largest inhibition zone obtained against E. faecalis at a value of 15 ± 0.22 mm compared to 9 ± 0.13 for azithromycin. The mode of action of BV, examined using scanning electron microscopy, proved a high effect of BV on the permeability of the bacterial plasma membrane. This study demonstrates bee venom’s promising potential as a natural and eco-friendly antimicrobial agent, with activity against multiple bacterial strains, suggesting it may serve as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. The findings highlight the potential applications of BV in medical, agricultural, and veterinary fields, offering a sustainable solution to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, further studies are needed to fully assess its broad-spectrum antibacterial potential.

Clinical trial number Not applicable.
Examination of patients presenting to the emergency department as “apparently drunk”
Authors: Hanrahan Michael , O’Mahony Mary , McLoughlin Darren , Sheahan Anne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Alcohol, a significant public health concern, contributes to a substantial burden on emergency services. Identifying avoidable causes of Emergency Department (ED) presentations may reduce hospital overcrowding and benefit public health.

Aims
This prevalence study aims to provide a detailed analysis of patients presenting to the ED at Mercy University Hospital (MUH) as “Apparently Drunk” in 2022 and 2023.

Methods
Data were sourced from the Integrated Patient Management Information System at MUH. All patients recorded as “Apparently Drunk” were included. Data collected included demographics, associated injuries or complaints, mode of arrival, admission status, and discharge status. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and trends were examined by comparing 2022 and 2023 data.

Results
A total of 1662 presentations were categorised as “Apparently Drunk,” representing 3% of all ED visits. There was an 18% increase in such presentations from 2022 to 2023. The majority of patients were male (72%). The median age was 39 years. Notably, 23% of the presentations involved people experiencing homelessness, and 81% were conveyed by ambulance. Significant associated injuries included head injuries (7%), falls/collapses (6%), mental health issues (5%), and assaults (4%).

Conclusion
The findings indicate a growing trend in patients presenting to the ED as “Apparently Drunk”. The high incidence among people experiencing homelessness and the substantial resource utilisation underscores the need for targeted public health interventions and integrated services. Policymakers should consider these findings in the context of potential legislative changes that may impact alcohol availability.
Mutual causal effects between immune cells and hepatocellular carcinoma: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zheng , Pan Mengshu , Zhu Jie , Liu Changhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor that seriously endangering health, has aroused widespread concern in the field of public health. Previous researches have noted the relationships between immune cells and HCC, but the causal relationship was uncertain.

Methods
In this study, a bidirectional two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to access the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and HCC. According to the open-access data, we investigated the causal relationship between 731 immune cell characteristics and HCC risk.

Results
After screening by IVW approach, increased levels of 8 immune traits and reduced levels of 7 immune traits could lead to changes in HCC risk. These 15 immune cells were distributed in the Monocyte (4 cells), Treg panel (4 cells), TBNK (3 cells), Maturation stages of T cell panel (3 cells), and cDC panel (1 cells). Furthermore, HCC was identified to have causal effects on 21 immunophenotypes. Among these immune cells, hepatocarcinogenesis had the greatest impact on CD4 on EM CD4 + and CD33 on Mo MDSC.

Conclusions
This study enhances our comprehension of the interaction between immune cells and HCC risk, furnishing novel avenues to explore the mechanisms of HCC.
Predicting work ability impairment in post COVID-19 patients: a machine learning model based on clinical parameters
Authors: Jebrini Tarek , Ruzicka Michael , Völk Felix , Fonseca Gerardo Jesus Ibarra , Pernpruner Anna , Benesch Christopher , Valdinoci Elisabeth , von Baum Max , Weigl Martin , Subklewe Marion , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Roider Julia , Mayerle Julia , Heindl Bernhard , Adorjan Kristina , Stubbe Hans Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) is a complex disease affecting health and everyday functioning. This is well reflected by a patient’s inability to work (ITW). In this study, we aimed to investigate factors associated with ITW (1) and to design a machine learning-based model for predicting ITW (2) twelve months after baseline. We selected patients from the post COVID care study (PCC-study) with data on their ability to work. To identify factors associated with ITW, we compared PCC patients with and without ITW. For constructing a predictive model, we selected nine clinical parameters: hospitalization during the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, WHO severity of acute infection, presence of somatic comorbidities, presence of psychiatric comorbidities, age, height, weight, Karnofsky index, and symptoms. The model was trained to predict ITW twelve months after baseline using TensorFlow Decision Forests. Its performance was investigated using cross-validation and an independent testing dataset. In total, 259 PCC patients were included in this analysis. We observed that ITW was associated with dyslipidemia, worse patient reported outcomes (FSS, WHOQOL-BREF, PHQ-9), a higher rate of preexisting psychiatric conditions, and a more extensive medical work-up. The predictive model exhibited a mean AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78; 0.88) in the 10-fold cross-validation. In the testing dataset, the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58; 0.93). In conclusion, we identified several factors associated with ITW. The predictive model performed very well. It could guide management decisions and help setting mid- to long-term treatment goals by aiding the identification of patients at risk of extended ITW.
Association of Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score with Concussion Severity and Recovery Metrics
Authors: Dybing Kaitlyn M. , McAllister Thomas W. , Wu Yu-Chien , McDonald Brenna C. , Broglio Steven P. , Mihalik Jason P. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Goldman Joshua T. , Jackson Jonathan C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Risacher Shannon L. , Nudelman Kelly N. H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Identification of genetic alleles associated with both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and concussion severity/recovery could help explain the association between concussion and elevated dementia risk. However, there has been little investigation into whether AD risk genes associate with concussion severity/recovery, and the limited findings are mixed.

Objective
We used AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) and APOE genotypes to investigate any such associations in the NCAA-DoD Grand Alliance CARE Consortium (CARE) dataset.

Methods
We assessed six concussion outcomes in 931 participants, including two recovery measures (number of days to asymptomatic and to return to play (RTP)) and four severity measures (scores on SAC and BESS, SCAT symptom severity and total number of symptoms). We calculated the PRS using a published score and performed multiple linear regression to assess the relationship of the PRS with outcomes. We also used ANOVAs, t-tests, and chi-square tests to examine outcomes by APOE genotype.

Results
Higher PRS was associated with longer injury to RTP time in the normal RTP (< 24 days) subgroup (p = 0.024). A one standard deviation increase in the PRS resulted in a 9.89 hour increase to RTP time. This result was no longer significant after inclusion of covariates. There were no other consistently significant effects.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest high AD genetic risk is not associated with more severe concussions or poor recovery in young adults. Future studies should attempt to replicate these findings in larger samples with longer follow-up using PRS calculated from diverse populations.
Artificial intelligence in soil microbiome analysis: a potential application in predicting and enhancing soil health—a review
Authors: Pace Roberta , Schiano Di Cola Vincenzo , Monti Maurilia Maria , Affinito Antonio , Cuomo Salvatore , Loreto Francesco , Ruocco Michelina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soil is a depletable and non-renewable resource essential for food production, crop growth, and supporting ecosystem services, such as the retaining and cycling of various elements, including water. Therefore characterization and preservation of soil biological health is a key point for the development of sustainable agriculture. We conducted a comprehensive review of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to develop forecasting models based on soil microbiota data able to monitor and predict soil health. We also investigated the potentiality of AI-based Decision Support Systems (DSSs) for improving the use of microorganisms to enhance soil health and fertility. While available studies are limited, potential applications of AI seem relevant to develop predictive models for soil fertility, based on its biological properties and activities, and implement sustainable precision agriculture, safeguarding ecosystems, bolstering soil resilience, and ensuring the production of high-quality food.
Streamflow prediction using artificial neural networks and soil moisture proxies
Authors: Rouse Robert Edwin , Khamis Doran , Hosking Scott , McRobie Allan , Shuckburgh Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Machine learning models have been used extensively in hydrology, but issues persist with regard to their transparency, and there is currently no identifiable best practice for forcing variables in streamflow or flood modeling. In this paper, using data from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology’s National River Flow Archive and from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, we present a study that focuses on the input variable set for a neural network streamflow model to demonstrate how certain variables can be internalized, leading to a compressed feature set. By highlighting this capability to learn effectively using proxy variables, we demonstrate a more transferable framework that minimizes sensing requirements and that enables a route toward generalizing models.
The elephant random walk in the triangular array setting
Authors: Roy Rahul , Takei Masato , Tanemura Hideki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gut and Stadmüller (2021, 2022) initiated the study of the elephant random walk with limited memory. Aguech and El Machkouri (2024) published a paper in which they discuss an extension of the results by Gut and Stadtmüller (2022) for an ‘increasing memory’ version of the elephant random walk without stops. Here we present a formal definition of the process that was hinted at by Gut and Stadtmüller. This definition is based on the triangular array setting. We give a positive answer to the open problem in Gut and Stadtmüller (2022) for the elephant random walk, possibly with stops. We also obtain the central limit theorem for the supercritical case of this model.
Recursive recalibration and the social meaning of codeswitching
Authors: Fernández-Lizárraga Evelyn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Through analyzing Telemundo's Betty en NY (‘Betty in New York’, 2019), this study illustrates how insights from codeswitching contribute to sociolinguistic theories of stancetaking and style. Betty en NY features multiple characters that use Spanish-English codeswitching to invoke their epistemic rights, take stances, and craft distinct personae, thereby exploiting the agentive potential of linguistic boundaries. Thus, codeswitching serves as a key resource for signaling recursive recalibration—the process by which the alignment of individual stances connects to the repositioning of participant roles and personae. Drawing on data from multiple scenes, a discourse analysis of recursive recalibration at work demonstrates how stance alignment and personae are dialogically negotiated and constructed in interaction. (Stance, codeswitching, social meaning, epistemic rights, style, media)*
Best Interests and Decisions to Withdraw Life-Sustaining Treatment from a Conscious, Incapacitated Patient
Authors: Johnson L. Syd M , Cerminara Kathy L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Conscious but incapacitated patients need protection from both undertreatment and overtreatment, for they are exceptionally vulnerable, and dependent on others to act in their interests. In the United States, the law prioritizes autonomy over best interests in decision making. Yet U.S. courts, using both substituted judgment and best interests decision making standards, frequently prohibit the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from conscious but incapacitated patients, such as those in the minimally conscious state, even when ostensibly seeking to determine what patients would have wanted. In the United Kingdom, under the Mental Capacity Act of 2005, courts decide on the best interests of incapacitated patients by, in part, taking into account the past wishes and values of the patient. This paper examines and compares those ethicolegal approaches to decision making on behalf of conscious but incapacitated patients. We argue for a limited interpretation of best interests such that the standard is properly used only when the preferences of a conscious, but incapacitated patient are unknown and unknowable. When patient preferences and values are known or can be reasonably inferred, using a holistic, all-things-considered substituted judgment standard respects patient autonomy.
Advancing pancreatic cancer research and therapeutics: the transformative role of organoid technology
Authors: Xu Jihao , Pham Minh Duc , Corbo Vincenzo , Ponz-Sarvise Mariano , Oni Tobiloba , Öhlund Daniel , Hwang Chang-Il 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research on pancreatic cancer has transformed with the advent of organoid technology, providing a better platform that closely mimics cancer biology in vivo. This review highlights the critical advancements facilitated by pancreatic organoid models in understanding disease progression, evaluating therapeutic responses, and identifying biomarkers. These three-dimensional cultures enable the proper recapitulation of the cellular architecture and genetic makeup of the original tumors, providing insights into the complex molecular and cellular dynamics at various stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We explore the applications of pancreatic organoids in dissecting the tumor microenvironment (TME); elucidating cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms; and personalizing therapeutic strategies. By overcoming the limitations of traditional 2D cultures and animal models, the use of pancreatic organoids has significantly accelerated translational research, which is promising for improving diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in clinical settings, ultimately aiming to improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Preterm growth assessment: the latest findings on age correction
Authors: Elmrayed Seham , Dai Susan , Lodha Abhay , Kumar Manoj , Fenton Tanis R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of age correction up to 36 months of age for growth assessments of extremely preterm (<28 weeks) and very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) infants.

Study Design
This longitudinal analysis used data from the Preterm Infant Multicenter Growth Study (2001–2014).

Results
1,416 children were included (Median gestational age = 27 weeks). Chronological age-based weight, height, and head circumference z-scores were consistently lower than those based on corrected age for all ages (0, 4, 8, 21 and 36 months) by up to −5.2 (95% confidence interval −5.4, −5.1) z-scores for length at term. Using chronological age, higher proportions of children were misclassified as having suboptimal growth (up to 72.9% misdiagnosed as stunted and 89.8% misdiagnosed as underweight at term).

Conclusion
For extremely and very preterm children, age correction is required for all growth measures through 36 months of corrected age.
Realizing low voltage-driven bright and stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes through energy landscape flattening
Authors: Liu Yiting , Sun Yingying , Yan Xiaohan , Li Bo , Wang Lei , Li Jianshun , Sun Jiahui , Guo Yaqi , Liu Weipeng , Hu Binbin , Lin Qingli , Fan Fengjia , Shen Huaibin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Solution-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) hold great potential as competitive candidates for display and lighting applications. However, the serious energy disorder between the quantum dots (QDs) and hole transport layer (HTL) makes it challenging to achieve high-performance devices at lower voltage ranges. Here, we introduce “giant” fully alloy CdZnSe/ZnSeS core/shell QDs (size ~ 19 nm) as the emitting layer to build high-efficient and stable QLEDs. The synthesized CdZnSe-based QDs reveal a decreased ground-state band splitting, shallow valence band maximum, and improved quasi-Fermi level splitting, which effectively flatten the energy landscape between the QD layer and hole transport layer. The higher electron concentration and accelerated hole injection significantly promote the carrier radiative recombination dynamics. Consequently, CdZnSe-based device exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.3% and an ultra-low efficiency roll-off, with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 25% over a wide range of low driving voltages (1.8-3.0 V) and low heat generation. The record-high luminance levels of 1,400 and 8,600 cd m-2 are achieved at bandgap voltages of 100% and 120%, respectively. Meanwhile, These LEDs show an unprecedented operation lifetime T95 (time for the luminance to decrease to 95%) of 72,968 h at 1,000 cd m-2. Our work points to a novel path to flatten energy landscape at the QD-related interface for solution-processed photoelectronic devices.
Flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers (MUTs) for biomedical applications
Authors: Joshi Sanjog Vilas , Sadeghpour Sina , Kuznetsova Nadezda , Wang Chen , Kraft Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of bulk piezoelectric transducer arrays in medical imaging is a well-established technology that operates based on thickness mode piezoelectric vibration. Meanwhile, advancements in fabrication techniques have led to the emergence of micromachined alternatives, namely, piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT). These devices operate in flexural mode using piezoelectric thin films and electrostatic forces, respectively. In addition, the development of flexible ultrasound transducers based on these principles has opened up new possibilities for biomedical applications, including biomedical imaging, sensing, and stimulation. This review provides a detailed discussion of the need for flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers (MUTs) and potential applications, their specifications, materials, fabrication, and electronics integration. Specifically, the review covers fabrication approaches and compares the performance specifications of flexible PMUTs and CMUTs, including resonance frequency, sensitivity, flexibility, and other relevant factors. Finally, the review concludes with an outlook on the challenges and opportunities associated with the realization of efficient MUTs with high performance and flexibility.