bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Syringe for Cargo Photorelease: Red‐Light‐Triggered Supramolecular Hydrogel
Authors: Leistner Anna‐Lena , Most Mario M. , Pianowski Zbigniew L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotochromic supramolecular hydrogels are versatile materials that show macroscopic effects upon irradiation, like liquefaction or shape changes. Here, we demonstrate a simple photochromic cyclic dipeptide (2,5‐diketopiperazine‐based) supergelator, composed of (S)‐lysine and an azobenzene analogue of phenylalanine, that forms supramolecular hydrogels even at 0.1 wt% loading. The gels can physically encapsulate cargo molecules and release them to the environment in a controllable manner upon irradiation with red light, thus working as a “molecular syringe”. As the material is biocompatible and operational in the “therapeutic window” of light (>650 nm) that deeply penetrates soft human tissues, it is applicable to smart drug‐delivery systems.
Association of kidney disease index with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with hypertension
Authors: Fang Suxia , Chen Yuwen , Gao Qiyue , Wei Qucheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between a novel kidney disease index (KDI), which combines information from both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (uACR), and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among individuals with hypertension.MethodsWe analyzed data from 19 988 adults with hypertension who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Mortality outcomes were determined by linking to National Death Index records through December 31, 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all‐cause and CVD mortality.ResultsBaseline KDI levels were positively associated with glucose, insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and C‐reactive protein (p value for trend <.05). During a follow‐up period of 179 859 person‐years, a total of 5069 deaths were documented, including 1741 from cardiovascular causes. After multivariable adjustment, each standard deviation increment in KDI level was associated with a 27% increased risk of all‐cause mortality and a 31% increased risk of cardiovascular deaths (both p < .05). Further analysis showed a J‐shaped association between KDI and mortality, with the risk increasing dramatically when KDI exceeded 0.27.ConclusionElevated KDI levels were significantly associated with increased mortality from all causes and CVD among individuals with hypertension. We recommend routine testing of eGFR and uACR in hypertensive patients, and using KDI as a tool to identify individuals who are most likely to benefit from preventive therapies.
Quality of life after surgery for lower grade gliomas
Authors: Heffernan Anne E. , Wu Yilun , Benz Luke S. , Verhaak Roel G. W. , Kwan Bethany M. , Claus Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew large studies have investigated quality of life (QOL) for adults diagnosed with lower grade glioma (LGG).MethodsQOL was assessed for 320 adults with LGG (World Health Organization grade 2/3) enrolled in the International Low Grade Glioma Registry by using the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form health survey. Data on symptoms were also collected. QOL outcomes were examined by treatment group and also compared to those from a population‐based case‐control study of meningioma (the Meningioma Consortium), in which 1722 meningioma cases diagnosed among residents of Connecticut, Massachusetts, California, Texas, and North Carolina from May 1, 2006 through March 14, 2013 were enrolled and frequency matched to 1622 controls by age, sex, and geography.ResultsThe LGG sample average age is 45 years at the time of interview and 53.1% male. Almost 55% of patients had received radiation and chemotherapy (primarily temozolomide); 32.4% had received neither treatment. Two‐thirds of participants with LGG report difficulty with speaking, memory, or thinking, and over one of three reports personality change or difficulty driving. After controlling for age and other comorbidities, individuals with LGG report levels of physical, emotional, and mental health functioning below those reported in a meningioma as well as a general healthy population.ConclusionsDespite being relatively young, persons with LGG report significantly reduced QOL compared to persons with nonmalignant brain tumors and to a control population, which highlights the need to better acknowledge and manage these symptoms for this group of patients diagnosed in the prime of life.
On the Maxwell‐Bloch system in the sharp‐line limit without solitons
Authors: Li Sitai , Miller Peter D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the (characteristic) Cauchy problem for the Maxwell‐Bloch equations of light‐matter interaction via asymptotics, under assumptions that prevent the generation of solitons. Our analysis clarifies some features of the sense in which physically‐motivated initial‐boundary conditions are satisfied. In particular, we present a proper Riemann‐Hilbert problem that generates the unique causal solution to the Cauchy problem, that is, the solution vanishes outside of the light cone. Inside the light cone, we relate the leading‐order asymptotics to self‐similar solutions that satisfy a system of ordinary differential equations related to the Painlevé‐III (PIII) equation. We identify these solutions and show that they are related to a family of PIII solutions recently discovered in connection with several limiting processes involving the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We fully explain a resulting boundary layer phenomenon in which, even for smooth initial data (an incident pulse), the solution makes a sudden transition over an infinitesimally small propagation distance. At a formal level, this phenomenon has been described by other authors in terms of the PIII self‐similar solutions. We make this observation precise and for the first time we relate the PIII self‐similar solutions to the Cauchy problem. Our analysis of the asymptotic behavior satisfied by the optical field and medium density matrix reveals slow decay of the optical field in one direction that is actually inconsistent with the simplest version of scattering theory. Our results identify a precise generic condition on an optical pulse incident on an initially‐unstable medium sufficient for the pulse to stimulate the decay of the medium to its stable state.
Educational strategies leading to labeling the gifted pupil
Authors: Klimecká Eva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLabeling of gifted pupils can negatively affect the life path of gifted individuals. The study explores whether and how a teacher can label gifted pupils when applying educational strategies based on internal differentiation. We focused on formally identified intellectually gifted pupils (age 7–12) educated in (mainstream) elementary schools in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and teacher interviews. We observed 24 gifted pupils and 15 teachers from 12 schools. We identified five main types of educational strategies leading to inappropriate labeling, such as Tasks for Quick‐witted, Challenges, Boffins Goes to Competition, Teacher's Assistant, and Individual Projects. The “inappropriateness” of these strategies consisted of the significant preference and presentation of gifted pupils, in the useless and overused selection of gifted pupils, and the rigidity of the applied strategies. The paper seeks to highlight the existence of a paradoxical phenomenon whereby, when teachers are maximally interested in promoting giftedness, the stagnation of gifted pupils and other pupils in the class occurs. The study concludes with recommendations for eliminating inappropriate labeling of gifted pupils.
Miniaturized frequency‐selective surface with reduced number of metallic vias for electromagnetic shielding
Authors: Andi Senthilkumar , G. P. Ramesh 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA miniaturized frequency‐selective surface (FSS) for radio frequency (RF) filtering applications is reported in this paper. The proposed FSS is designed to operate with band stop property at 1.57 GHz. The FSS element is developed using highly convoluted lines running on either side of the substrate interconnected using via lines. This specific arrangement increases the electrical length of the resonator without increasing the physical size. Furthermore, the stability towards polarization variation and independence to different angles of incidence are other major concerns in the design of FSS. The FSS unit cell has rotational symmetry thereby providing polarization‐independent operation. The angular independence is tested for various incidence angles, and the results are presented. The performance of the FSS is validated in real time, and the results are presented. The maximum realized transmission loss is 27 dB at 1.57 GHz, and the attenuation bandwidth with reference 10 dB shielding level is estimated to be 400 MHz centered around 1.57 GHz. The convolution technique along with shorting vias has offered this extreme miniaturization ranging from 7% to 95.7% with reference to most of the FSS reported for L‐band services such as radio, telecommunications, military, and aircraft surveillance.
Digital twin‐based framework for wireless multimodal interactions over long distance
Authors: Kang Mancong , Li Xi , Ji Hong , Zhang Heli 
Published: August 2023

SummaryWireless multimodal interactions over long distance (WMILD) would give rise to numerous thrilling applications, such as remote touching and immersive teleoperations. However, long distances can induce large propagation delays, which makes it difficult to meet the ultra‐low latency requirements in haptic‐visual interactions. Considering existing works mainly focused on the wireless access part, this paper designs an end‐to‐end framework for general WMILD applications based on the digital twin (DT) technology and proposes an intelligent resource allocation and parameter compression scheme to guarantee WMILD performance under constraint network resources. In the framework, user device can acquire real‐time remote interactions by performing local interactions with nearby base station (BS), where a DT of the remote side is deployed to predict the remote haptic‐visual feedbacks. A reliable DT updating process is carefully designed to guarantee the DT accurately model its dynamic physical counterpart. To optimize the updating reliability, we formulate the resource allocation and parameter compression to be a constraint‐Markov decision problem, under the constraints on energy consumption, multimodal interactions and updating latencies. Then, a safe deep reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to adapt resources and compression according to the dynamic DT updating workload, multimodal data‐streams and remote transmission capacities. Simulation shows the framework can achieve high updating reliability compared with baselines.
Young‐onset dementia in memory clinics in the Netherlands: Study design and description of PRECODE‐GP
Authors: van Gils Aniek M. , Rhodius‐Meester Hanneke F. M. , Leeuwis Anna E. , Handgraaf Dédé , Bakker Christian , Peetoom Kirsten , Bouwman Femke H. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Papma Janne M. , Hoogendoorn Tanja‐Anne , Schoonenboom Niki , van Strien Astrid , Verwey Nicolaas A. , Köhler Sebastian , de Vugt Marjolein E. , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe disease trajectory and healthcare requirements of patients with young‐onset dementia (YOD) differ from those of older patients. Accurate data about YOD is crucial to improve diagnosis and optimize care. PRECODE‐GP aims to set up a prospective national database of patients with YOD to gain insight into the occurrence and characteristics of patients with YOD in memory clinics in the Netherlands.The national database includes data from dementia patients aged <70 years at diagnosis, collected by local memory clinics (MCs). Data included demographic information, clinical variables, and (etiological) diagnoses.Between July 2019 and December 2022, 781 patients with a mean age of 62±6y at diagnosis (range 37 to 69y) were included from 39 MCs. Most (n = 547,70%) were diagnosed with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Patients with Frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD, n = 87, 11%) were youngest (61±6.0y). Over half (55%) of patients were experiencing symptoms for ≥2 years.We initiated a Dutch national YOD database to improve diagnosis and care for this underrepresented and vulnerable patient group. The database provides a basis for future in‐depth studies on YOD.
β_lactam antibiotics against drug addiction: A novel therapeutic option
Authors: Esmaili‐Shahzade‐Ali‐Akbari Peyman , Ghaderi Amir , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi , Nejat Fatemeh , Saeedi‐Mofrad Maryam , Karimi‐Houyeh Motahareh , Ghattan Alireza , Etemadi Amirreza , Rasoulian Elham , Khezri Arina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrug addiction as a problem for the health of the individual and the society is the result of a complex process in which there is an interaction between brain nuclei and neurotransmitters (such as glutamate). β‐lactam antibiotics, due to their enhancing properties on the glutamate transporter glutamate transporter‐1, can affect and counteract the addictive mechanisms of drugs through the regulation of extracellular glutamate. Since glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the development of drug addiction, it seems that β‐lactams can be considered as a promising treatment for addiction. However, more research in this field is necessary to identify other mechanisms involved in their effectiveness. This article is a review of the studies conducted on the effect of β‐lactam administration in preventing the development of drug addiction, as well as their possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. This review suggests the clinical use of β‐lactam antibiotics that have weak antimicrobial properties (such as clavulanic acid) in the treatment of drug dependence.
The sulfotransferase XB5850668.L is required to apportion embryonic ectodermal domains
Authors: Marchak Alexander , Neilson Karen M. , Majumdar Himani D. , Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Klein Steven L. , Moody Sally A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMembers of the sulfotransferase superfamily (SULT) influence the activity of a wide range of hormones, neurotransmitters, metabolites and xenobiotics. However, their roles in developmental processes are not well characterized even though they are expressed during embryogenesis. We previously found in a microarray screen that Six1 up‐regulates LOC100037047, which encodes XB5850668.L, an uncharacterized sulfotransferase.ResultsSince Six1 is required for patterning the embryonic ectoderm into its neural plate, neural crest, preplacodal and epidermal domains, we used loss‐ and gain‐of function assays to characterize the role of XB5850668.L during this process. Knockdown of endogenous XB5850668.L resulted in the reduction of epidermal, neural crest, cranial placode and otic vesicle gene expression domains, concomitant with neural plate expansion. Increased levels had minimal effects, but infrequently expanded neural plate and neural crest gene domains, and infrequently reduced cranial placode and otic vesicle gene domains. Mutation of two key amino acids in the sulfotransferase catalytic domain required for PAPS binding and enzymatic activity tended to reduce the effects of overexpressing the wild‐type protein.ConclusionsOur analyses indicates that XB5850668.L is a member of the SULT2 family that plays important roles in patterning the embryonic ectoderm. Some aspects of its influence likely depend on sulfotransferase activity.
Evaluating and optimising performance of multi‐species call recognisers for ecoacoustic restoration monitoring
Authors: Linke Simon , Teixeira Daniella , Turlington Katie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring the effect of ecosystem restoration can be difficult and time‐consuming. Autonomous sensors, such as acoustic recorders, can aid monitoring across long time scales. This project successfully developed, tested and implemented call recognisers for eight species of frog in the Murray–Darling Basin. Recognisers for all but one species performed well and substantially better than many species recognisers reported in the literature. We achieved this through a comprehensive development phase, which carefully considered and refined the representativeness of training data, as well as the construction (amplitude cut‐off) and the similarity thresholds (score cut‐offs) of each call template used. Recogniser performance was high for almost all species examined. Recognisers for Crinia signifera, Limnodynastes fletcherii, Limnodynastes dumerilii, Litoria peronii and Crinia parinsignifera all performed well, with most templates having receiver operating characteristics values (the proportion of true positive and true negatives) over 0.7, and some much higher. Recognisers for L. peronii, L. fletcherii and L. dumerilii performed particularly well in the training data set, which allowed for responses to environmental watering events, a restoration activity, to be clearly observed. While slightly more involved than building recognisers using commercial packages, the workflows ensure that a high‐quality recogniser can be built and the performance fine‐tuned using multiple parameters. Using the same framework, recognisers can be improved on in future iterations. We believe that multi‐species recognisers are a highly effective and precise way to detect the effects of ecosystem restoration.
The mechanics and durability of rubber fiber hydraulic concrete on laboratory
Authors: Zhang Jingkui , Liu Changshun , Luo Jugang , Xu Juncai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study delves into the mechanical and durability properties of rubber fiber hydraulic concrete (RFHC) using an orthogonal testing method. The optimal mix proportion for RFHC is determined through orthogonal range and variance analysis results. The influence of polypropylene fiber content, rubber particle content, and rubber particle size on the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, brittleness, and crack resistance of rubber fiber concrete is thoroughly examined. Durability tests are conducted based on the optimal mix ratio, and a comparative analysis of the durability between RFHC and conventional concrete is carried out. The findings indicate that the mechanical properties of the concrete exhibit a significant decline with increasing rubber content and decreasing rubber particle size. The variation in rubber content notably affects the mechanical properties of hydraulic concrete. The frost resistance and impermeability of RFHC are considerably higher than those of conventional concrete, while the erosion resistance of RFHC surpasses that of the conventional benchmark concrete. This research offers valuable benchmarks for the theoretical design and practical engineering application of RFHC, contributing to the advancement of sustainable construction materials.
A parallelp‐adaptive discontinuous Galerkin method for the Euler equations with dynamicload‐balancingon tetrahedral grids
Authors: Li Weizhao , Pandare Aditya K. , Luo Hong , Bakosi Jozsef , Waltz Jacob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novelp‐adaptive discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method has been developed to solve the Euler equations on three‐dimensional tetrahedral grids. Hierarchical orthogonal basis functions are adopted for the DG spatial discretization while a third order TVD Runge‐Kutta method is used for the time integration. A vertex‐based limiter is applied to the numerical solution in order to eliminate oscillations in the high order method. An error indicator constructed from the solution of order and is used to adapt degrees of freedom in each computational element, which remarkably reduces the computational cost while still maintaining an accurate solution. The developed method is implemented with under the Charm++ parallel computing framework. Charm++ is a parallel computing framework that includes various load‐balancing strategies. Implementing the numerical solver under Charm++ system provides us with access to a suite of dynamic load balancing strategies. This can be efficiently used to alleviate the load imbalances created byp‐adaptation. A number of numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate both the numerical accuracy and parallel performance of the developedp‐adaptive DG method. It is observed that the unbalanced load distribution caused by the parallelp‐adaptive DG method can be alleviated by the dynamic load balancing from Charm++ system. Due to this, high performance gain can be achieved. For the testcases studied in the current work, the parallel performance gain ranged from 1.5× to 3.7×. Therefore, the developedp‐adaptive DG method can significantly reduce the total simulation time in comparison to the standard DG method withoutp‐adaptation.
Common foods for boosting human immunity: A review
Authors: Singh Deo Narayan , Bohra Jitendra Singh , Dubey Tej Pratap , Shivahre Pushp Raj , Singh Ram Kumar , Singh Tejbal , Jaiswal Deepak Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe are frequently exposed to potentially harmful microbes of various types on a daily basis. Our immune system is an amazing collection of unique organs and cells that defends us from hazardous germs as well as certain diseases. It plays a crucial role in protecting the body against external invaders, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Maintaining a healthy immune system requires consuming a balanced diet that provides a variety of macro‐ and micronutrients. By consuming sufficient amounts of water, minerals such as zinc and magnesium, micronutrients, herbs, and foods rich in vitamins C, D, and E, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, one can enhance their health and immunity, and prevent infections. This article provides a comprehensive review of the scientific literature on common foods known for their potential to boost human immunity. The review begins by discussing the various components of the immune system and their functions. It then delves into the current understanding of how nutrition can influence immune response, highlighting the importance of a well‐balanced diet in supporting optimal immune function. The article presents an extensive analysis of a range of common foods that have been studied for their immune‐boosting properties. These foods include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and animal‐based foods. Each food category is explored in terms of its specific nutrients and bioactive compounds that contribute to immune support. Foods such as milk, eggs, fruits, leafy greens, and spices like onion, garlic, and turmeric contain beneficial compounds that can enhance the immune system's function, activate and inhibit immune cells, and interfere with multiple pathways that eventually lead to improved immune responses and defense. The available literature on the issue was accessed via online resources and evaluated thoroughly as a methodology for preparing this manuscript.