bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the criminal legislation since the beginning of the military aggression of the russia in 2014 and military actions from february 2022 in Ukraine
Authors: Syvodyed I. 
Published: December 2022

With reference to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, from April 14, 2014 to the beginning of September 2022, from 42 to 44 thousand people were injured or killed in the fighting in Donbas (Donetsk and Luhansk regions). Since February 2022, between 13,100 and 13,300 people have died as a result of the war. Of them, 3,375 are civilians, approximately 4,150 are Ukrainian military personnel, and approximately 5,700 are militants. In addition, 29,500–33,500 people have been injured since the beginning of hostilities in Donbas. Of them, 7,000 to 9,000 civilians, 9,700 to 10,700 Ukrainian military personnel, and 12,700 to 13,700 militants. Thus, civilians account for 25-26% of the total number of dead. This ratio also applies to injuries. However, it is worth noting that this ratio has changed significantly over the years: from 33-34% in 2014 to 4-5% in 2019-2022.
In the UN, among the statistics of the deaths of military personnel, there are also cases not directly related to military operations. In particular, as a result of careless handling of weapons, traffic accidents, illnesses during service in the conflict zone, murders and suicides, which make up about 30% of the total number.
Additionally, in 2019 and 2020, up to 40% of military deaths in a conflict zone are due to disease, homicide, suicide, traffic accidents, and other non-combat related causes. However, these cases are not included in the specified ratio.
From February 24, 2022, when the armed attack of the Russian Federation on Ukraine began, until midnight (local time) on August 20, 2022, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) recorded 10,308 victims among the country's civilian population: 4,597 dead and 5,711 wounded," the message reads.
According to the UN, among the dead: 1,775 men, 1,186 women, 128 girls and 144 boys, as well as 41 children and 1,323 adults, whose gender is still unknown. Injured: 1159 men, 810 women, 127 girls and 168 boys, as well as 176 children and 3271 adults, whose gender is unknown. As noted in the UN, most people died from explosive weapons with a wide area of ​​​​defeat - heavy artillery, rocket systems of salvo fire, rockets and airstrikes.
Since February of this year, law enforcement officers have discovered 1,332 bodies of civilians killed by the Russian occupiers in the Kyiv region. Commenting on these events, the head of the police of the Kyiv region Andriy Nebitov noted that, unfortunately, the bodies of the killed people are still there, most of them were killed with small arms, or automatic weapons, or snipers, or even the last burial discovered in August 2022 - 7 people were executed. The victims were shot both in the knees and the head. All identified killed persons turned out to be civilians. The police of the Kyiv region have already registered more than 3,000 criminal proceedings, crimes committed by the Russian military.
Precedent law dialogue between Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Gordeev V.V 
Published: December 2022

«Constitutional instrument of the European public order»: it is these now-known terms that the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter - the Court) qualified in 1995 the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter - the Convention), in a decision issued by the Grand Chamber. Should we conclude from this that the Convention will be equated with the Constitution, and the Court with the constitutional court? Judges as guarantors of rights and freedoms, constitutional courts and the European Court of Human Rights influence each other, may pronounce on identical or similar issues – especially after the entry into force of the priority question of constitutionality – and sometimes seem to use equivalent standards of reference. However, constitutional courts constantly use the Court’s case law, but never mention it. In addition, the European Court no longer hesitates within its control to appropriate the decisions of the constitutionalcourts. Thus, a significant convergence of case law is emerging, which can lead to a double reading: should we be delighted by such complementarity of controls? Or consider, on the contrary, that these relations are based primarily on competition law? The dialogue of case law corresponds to all cases when, in the absence of an institutionalized procedure, the court decides to more or less freely use provisions from such and such a decision made by others. Among legal dialogues, the dialogue between domestic constitutional judges and the European Court of Human Rights is certainly the densest and most fruitful.
Dialogue between courts involves the implementation of institutional cooperation procedures. Although the treaty system did not provide for any institutional procedure for cooperation, the extension of the Court’s jurisdiction to issue advisory opinions is aimed at strengthening the interaction between the Court and national courts in order to consolidate the implementation of the convention in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. Constitutional courts occupy a very limited place in ECtHR case law and vice versa. The so-called «dialogue of judges» has its advantages and, in particular, allows to avoid misunderstandings.
Analisis Kemampuan Kognitif dan Miskonsepsi Pembelajaran IPA Materi Kalor Pada Mahasiswa Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Adi Darma Surya  
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan melalui program pembelajaran pada dasarnya mempunyai tujuan untuk menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Untuk mewujudkannya calon guru harus memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam memahami konsep-konsep dasar suatu bidang ilmu. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman calon guru terhadap konsep-konsep dalam pembelajaran IPA masih rendah. Seringkali ditemukan kesalahan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap suatu konsep ilmu (miskonsepsi) dan bahkan sama sekali tidak memahaminya. Apabila miskonsepsi mahasiswa calon guru ini dibiarkan, maka akan menimbulkan miskonsepsi yang berkelanjutan pada peserta didik, sehingga akan mempengaruhi kualitas outuput pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan kognitif dan kaitannya dengan miskonsepsi pembelajaran IPA materi kalor pada mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan objek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar di STKIP Nasional. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah There Tier-Test yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada calon guru SD. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum mahasiswa mengalami miskonsepsi pada materi kalor dengan persentase sebesar 52,43% dan hanya 23,13% yang sudah memahami dengan baik konsep-konsep pada materi kalor. Selebihnya terdapat miskonsepsi (false negative) sebesar 15,16% dan miskonsepsi (false positive) sebesar 8,27%. Dengan demikian diperlukan inovasi baik pada strategi, media atau model pembelajaran sehingga pemahaman mahasiswa calon guru SD khususnya pada konsep-konsep materi kalor semakin baik dan tidak terjadi miskonsepsi yang terus berkelanjutan.
ANALISIS DEFORMASI LATERAL MSE WALL DENGAN PERKUATAN GEOGRID TERHADAP VARIASI JENIS MATERIAL TIMBUNAN
Authors: Aziza Charisma , Suhendra Andryan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe advantages of MSE walls are simple construction techniques, have aesthetic value and material resistance and are more economical. In this study, analysis was carried out on variations in anchor length, tensile strength and vertical spacing of the reinforcement elements, namely the geogrid, which was then modeled with sand and clay reinforcement soil. The analysis is carried out with the help of a finite element program, which will result in the value of the lateral deformation of the wall. Based on the analysis, the anchor length and tensile strength of the geogrid, the greater the anchor length and tensile strength, the smaller the resulting lateral deformation. Whereas at vertical distance, the results obtained are just the opposite. The results also show that the use of clay soils tends to be more stable in resisting lateral forces than sandy soils. Then in an effort to reduce the value of lateral deformation that occurs, further considerations can be focused on the selection of tensile strength or vertical spacing rather than the length of the anchorage. The results also produce a correlation equation that can be used to predict and determine the value of horizontal deformation according to the desired variation value. ABSTRAKKelebihan dinding MSE ialah teknik konstruksi yang sederhana, punya nilai estetika dan ketahanan material serta lebih ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini, analisis dilakukan terhadap variasi panjang penjangkaran, kuat tarik dan spasi vertikal elemen perkuatannya yaitu geogrid, yang kemudian dimodelkan dengan tanah perkuatan pasir dan lempung. Analisis dilakukan dengan bantuan program metode elemen hingga, yang akan menghasilkan nilai deformasi lateral dari dinding MSE untuk dianalisis. Berdasarkan analisis, pada panjang penjangkaran dan kuat tarik geogrid, semakin besar nilai panjang penjangkaran dan kuat tariknya, maka semakin kecil deformasi lateral yang dihasilkan. Sedangkan pada jarak vertikal, hasil yang didapat justru sebaliknya. Perbandingan hasil juga didapat dari dua jenis tanah perkuatan yang berbeda, yang mana dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan jenis tanah lempung cenderung lebih stabil dalam menahan gaya lateral dibandingkan dengan jenis tanah pasir. Kemudian untuk upaya mengurangi nilai deformasi lateral yang terjadi, pertimbangan lebih lanjut dapat difokuskan pada pemilihan kuat tarik ataupun spasi vertikalnya dibanding pada panjang penjangkarannya. Dari hasil analisis juga menghasilkan persamaan korelasi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi dan menentukan nilai deformasi horizontal sesuai dengan nilai variasi yang diinginkan.
STUDI PARAMETRIK DENGAN RESPONS SPEKTRUM TERHADAP DEFORMASI DINDING DIAFRAGMA PADA BASEMENT DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Erick Kenny , Susilo Alfred Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

There are various dynamic loads acting on basement structure of building, for example earthquake load. It can be influenced by many parameters, both structural and soil parameters. Therefore, the effect of variation of the structural and soil parameter values on the response of basement structure due to earthquake load will be analyzed. Thus, it can be seen the influence of studied parameters on the response of the basement. The deformation of diaphragm wall will be the focus in this study. This research will be using Midas GTS NX program in modelling the basement structure of the building and the surrounding soil using the finite element method. The analyzed basement structure consists of flat slab, diaphragm wall, king post, raft, and pile foundation. Earthquake load will be analyzed using the response spectrum method based on data of Jakarta. From the analysis, it is found that the parameters that affect the deformation of the diaphragm wall are the soil’s modulus of elasticity, soil’s density, soil’s poisson ratio, diaphragm wall’s thickness and concrete’s quality of diaphragm wall. Soil’s modulus of elasticity has greatest influence on deformation changes, which is 30,29%, while concrete’s quality of diaphragm wall has smallest influence, which is 0,027%.Terdapat berbagai macam beban dinamik yang bekerja pada struktur basement sebuah bangunan, misalnya adalah beban gempa. Respons struktur akibat beban gempa tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak parameter, baik parameter struktural maupun parameter dari tanah. Maka, pada penelitian ini akan dianalisa efek variasi nilai parameter struktur dan tanah terhadap respons dari struktur basement akibat beban gempa. Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui pengaruh berbagai parameter terhadap respons struktur basement. Respons struktur yang diteliti adalah deformasi dari dinding diafragma. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dengan bantuan program Midas GTS NX dalam memodelkan struktur basement bangunan dan tanah disekitarnya dengan metode elemen hingga. Struktur basement yang dianalisa terdiri dari pelat tipe flat slab, dinding diafragma, king post, raft, dan fondasi tiang. Beban gempa dianalisa dengan metode respons spektrum berdasarkan data wilayah Jakata. Dari hasil analisa diperoleh bahwa parameter yang berpengaruh pada deformasi dinding diafragma adalah modulus elastisitas tanah, berat jenis tanah, poisson ratio tanah, tebal dinding diafragma dan mutu beton dinding diafragma. Modulus elastisitas tanah memiliki pengaruh pada perubahan deformasi yang paling besar yaitu 30,29%, sedangkan mutu beton dinding diafragma memiliki pengaruh yang paling kecil yaitu 0,027%.
STUDI PERBANDIGAN TEKANAN LATERAL TANAH SEDANG DAN TANAH AMAT LUNAK
Authors: Wijaya Alexandro Kevin , Makarim Chaidir Anwar 
Published: December 2022

Indonesia is a country consisting of thousands of islands and different geographical conditions. Soil conditions in Indonesia have different characteristics. Soil is made up of minerals and organic materials. The distribution of very soft soil in Indonesia is quite large, but it is rarely discussed and even questioned, so that it can cause construction failure. It turns out that the nature of the very soft soil is different from the nature of the soil in general. Very soft soil has soil properties that tend to be like 'thick water' like slurry that flows freely compared to soil in general. In this study, an analysis of the comparison of the lateral pressure of the soil on medium and very soft soils will be carried out, without paying attention to external loads. This is done by comparing the lateral pressure of the soil when the soil is at rest, the active and passive states when the soil is moderate and the soil is very soft for each soil layer. The analysis of the results of mathematical calculations is entered into a geotechnical-based program for lateral soil deformation. The results of the analysis of the calculation of the lateral stress and pressure of the soil, it was found that the lateral pressure of the soil in the very soft soil is greater than the stress and the lethal pressure of the soil in the medium soil, and the resulting deformation of the very soft soil layer is greater than the result of the medium soil layer. Indonesia merupakan negara yang terdiri dari beribu-ribu pulau dan kondisi geografis yang berbeda-beda pula. Kondisi tanah di Indonesia memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Tanah sendiri terbentuk dari mineral dan bahan-bahan organik. Sebaran tanah amat lunak di Indonesia lumayan banyak namun jarang dibahas bahkan dipermasalahkan, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kegagalan konstruksi. Ternyata sifat dari tanah amat lunak berbeda dengan sifat dari tanah pada umumnya. Tanah amat lunak memiliki sifat tanah yang cenderung seperti ‘air kental’ bagaikan bubur yang mengalir dengan bebas dibandingkan dengan tanah pada umunya. Pada peneilitian akan dilakukannya analisis perbandingan tekanan lateral tanah terhadap tanah sedang dan tanah amat lunak, dengan tidak memperhatikan beban yang berasal dari luar. Dilakukan dengan membandingakan tekanan lateral tanah pada saat tanah keadaan diam, keadaan aktif maupun pasif pada saat keadaan tanah sedang dan tanah amat lunak untuk setiap lapisan tanah. Analisis dari hasil perhitungan matematis dimasukan kedalam program berbasis geoteknik untuk defromasi lateral tanah. Hasil dari analaisi perhitungan tegangan dan tekanan lateral tanah didapakatkan tekanan lateral tanah pada keadaan tanah amat lunak lebih besar dibandingkan dengan tegangan maupaun tekanan leteral tanah pada keadaan tanah sedang, dan deformansi yang dihasilkan dari lapisan tanah amat lunak lebih besar dibandingan hasil dari lapisan tanah sedang.
Evaluasi Tingkat Pelayanan Jalan Studi Kasus: Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Jakart
Authors: Winata Hendy Putera , Najid Najid 
Published: December 2022

Jakarta merupakan ibukota Indonesia yang memiliki perkembangan dan kemajuan yang sangat pesat diberbagai bidang dan sektor. Banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang berasal dari berbagai daerah yang berbondong-bondong untuk mencari penghasilan di Jakarta. Salah satu jalan protokol yang menjadi pusat keramaian pada hari kerja atau jam sibuk adalah Jalan Jenderal Sudirman. Seiring perkembangan di Indonesia, timbul permasalahan yaitu kemacetan pada Jalan Jenderal Sudirman. Pemerintah Provinsi DKI sudah banyak melalukan berbagai kebijakan salah satunya penambahan Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) dan Light Rail Transit (LRT). Jalan Jenderal Sudirman yang tadinya menjadi pusat kemacetan pada hari kerja, perlahan menjadi membaik. Menganalisa kinerja jalan di Jalan Jenderal Sudirman digunakan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI 1997) dan Peraturan Mentri Perhubungan No.14 Tahun 2006. Analisa yang dilakuka meliputi kinerja, kapasitas, tingkat pelayanan, kecepatan kendaraan, volume kendaraan, jumlah kendaraan, dan kondisi jalan. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which has very rapid development and progress in various fields and sectors. Many Indonesian people who come from various regions flock to look for income in Jakarta. One of the protocol roads that becomes the center of the crowd on weekdays or peak hours is Jalan Jenderal Sudirman. Along with developments in Indonesia, problems arise, namely congestion on Jalan Jenderal Sudirman. The DKI Provincial Government has implemented various policies, one of which is the addition of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT). Jalan Jenderal Sudirman, which used to be the center of traffic jams on weekdays, is slowly getting better. Analyzing road performance on Jalan Jenderal Sudirman used the Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI 1997) and Peraturan Mentri Perhubungan No.14 Year 2006 . The analysis includes performance, capacity, level of service, vehicle speed, vehicle volume, number of vehicles, and road conditions.
KAJIAN PINJAMAN RRT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN JALAN BEBAS HAMBATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Yudhono Giri , Putranto Leksmono Suryo 
Published: December 2022

Highway development that is not financially feasible but economically feasible has the possibility to empower the government support through applying State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), which as one of the alternatives is over and done with applying a foreign loan from China (PRC). This research is purposed to comprehend the variables of China loan that come into effect in implementing the highway development in Indonesia. Then a questionnaire was conducted to obtain primary data on the selected 62 respondents. In the following step, statistical analysis was conducted in the form of one sample t-test and independent t-test using SPSS 26. The result of this research indicates the variables of work method/construction implementation and funding have a high mean value, while the variables of labor and equipment and materials have a low mean value. From this point, it can be assumed that the China loan stimulates advantages for the implementation of highway development in Indonesia when reviewed from the work method/construction implementation and funding. Therefore, the continuation of utilizing China loan for highway development in Indonesia is recommended under the condition of the involvement of foreign workers, and the use of imported equipment and materials is restricted.

Abstrak
Pembangunan jalan bebas hambatan yang belum memiliki kelayakan secara finansial, tapi layak secara ekonomi dapat memanfaatkan dukungan pemerintah dari dana APBN, melalui pinjaman luar negeri dari negara Tiongkok (RRT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel dalam pinjaman RRT yang berpengaruh dalam pembangunan jalan bebas hambatan di Indonesia. Untuk mendapatkan data primer dilakukan kuesioner terhadap 62 responden terpilih. Responden memberikan respon terhadap pernyataan-pernyataan pinjaman RRT yang berkaitan dengan variabel bebas tenaga kerja, metode kerja/pelaksanaan konstruksi, pembiayaan, serta peralatan dan material. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis statistik berupa uji one sample t-test dan uji independent t-test menggunakan SPSS 26 untuk melihat hasilnya dihubungkan dengan variabel kontrol dari para responden yaitu terkait jabatan/posisi, lama pengalaman kerja, tingkat pendidikan dan keterlibatan menangani proyek pinjaman RRT. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan variabel metode kerja/pelaksanaan kontruksi dan pembiayaan memiliki nilai mean kategori tinggi, sedangkan untuk variabel tenaga kerja serta peralatan dan material mendapat nilai mean rendah, dapat diartikan bahwa pinjaman RRT dalam pembangunan jalan bebas hambatan di Indonesia menguntungkan jika dipandang dari sisi metode kerja/pelaksanaan konstruksi dan pembiayaan. Sehingga direkomendasikan penggunaan pinjaman RRT dalam pembangunan jalan bebas hambatan di Indonesia dapat dilanjutkan kembali, dengan persyaratan keterlibatan tenaga kerja asing dan juga penggunaan peralatan serta material dari luar negeri/import dibatasi.
Berberine: A Perspective Compound in the Development of New Medicines
Authors: Thi Duong Thuan , Thi Hai Yen Tran , Thanh Hai Nguyen , Heinämäki Jyrki , Thi Minh Hue Pham 
Published: December 2022

Berberine (BBR) is a plant-origin alkaloid with a long history, commonly used for treating infectious diarrhea. In recent years, BBR has been found with many pharmacological effects such as lowering blood glucose, anti-hyperlipidemia, liver protection, kidney protection, anti-atherosclerosis, antioxidants, etc. However, several studies revealed that the oral bioavailability of BBR was very low. Therefore, drug delivery systems have been studied to improve the absorption of BBR through an intestinal epithelial barrier such as liposomes, proliposomes, phytosomes, and nano lipids. The finding of new drug delivery systems has great potential in developing new medicines with a traditional active substance – BBR.
Besides, BBR is also an important lead compound with different pharmacological effects, promising to form many new drug discovery programs with high feasibility.
Decolorization of Dye Wastewater by Activated Carbons Produced from Peanut Shell using ZnCl2 Impregnation Method
Authors: Quan Nguyen Truong , Hanh Nguyen Minh , Oanh Le Thi Hoang 
Published: December 2022

This study assessed the adsorption capacity of different activated carbons produced from peanut shell for S3B dye (Sunfix Red 150%) present in dye wastewater under different contact conditions. The pre-impregnation of input material by ZnCl2 (weight ratio 1:1) increased surface charge of produced activated carbon to positive value; While activated carbons produced from non-impregnation and post-impregnation procedures had negative charge. The optimal adsorption conditions were at pH 5 with 10 g/L activated carbon in original dye wastewater , for 180 minute contacting time. Under the optimal conditions, pre-impregnated activated carbon had highest adsorption capacity, corresponding to80.2% S3B dye removal; while the two other types of activated carbons obtainedabout 40% dye removal. The adsorption process suited to Freundlich isotherm model (multilayer adsorption) with KF adsorption constants being 0.0377, 0.3314 and 0.0523 for non-, pre- and post-impregnated activated carbons, respectively.