bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grazing-incidence diffraction reveals cellulose and pectin organization in hydrated plant primary cell wall
Authors: Del Mundo Joshua T. , Rongpipi Sintu , Yang Hui , Ye Dan , Kiemle Sarah N. , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Troxel Charles L. , Toney Michael F. , Zhu Chenhui , Kubicki James D. , Cosgrove Daniel J. , Gomez Esther W. , Gomez Enrique D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe primary cell wall is highly hydrated in its native state, yet many structural studies have been conducted on dried samples. Here, we use grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) with a humidity chamber, which enhances scattering and the signal-to-noise ratio while keeping outer onion epidermal peels hydrated, to examine cell wall properties. GIWAXS of hydrated and dried onion reveals that the cellulose ($$110/1\overline{1}0$$

110
/
1

1
¯

0

) lattice spacing decreases slightly upon drying, while the (200) lattice parameters are unchanged. Additionally, the ($$110/1\overline{1}0$$

110
/
1

1
¯

0

) diffraction intensity increases relative to (200). Density functional theory models of hydrated and dry cellulose microfibrils corroborate changes in crystalline properties upon drying. GIWAXS also reveals a peak that we attribute to pectin chain aggregation. We speculate that dehydration perturbs the hydrogen bonding network within cellulose crystals and collapses the pectin network without affecting the lateral distribution of pectin chain aggregates.
Transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in a remote island population
Authors: Han Su Myat , Robert Alexis , Masuda Shingo , Yasaka Takahiro , Kanda Satoshi , Komori Kazuhiri , Saito Nobuo , Suzuki Motoi , Endo Akira , Baguelin Marc , Ariyoshi Koya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeasonal influenza outbreaks remain an important public health concern, causing large numbers of hospitalizations and deaths among high-risk groups. Understanding the dynamics of individual transmission is crucial to design effective control measures and ultimately reduce the burden caused by influenza outbreaks. In this study, we analyzed surveillance data from Kamigoto Island, Japan, a semi-isolated island population, to identify the drivers of influenza transmission during outbreaks. We used rapid influenza diagnostic test (RDT)-confirmed surveillance data from Kamigoto island, Japan and estimated age-specific influenza relative illness ratios (RIRs) over eight epidemic seasons (2010/11 to 2017/18). We reconstructed the probabilistic transmission trees (i.e., a network of who-infected-whom) using Bayesian inference with Markov-chain Monte Carlo method and then performed a negative binomial regression on the inferred transmission trees to identify the factors associated with onwards transmission risk. Pre-school and school-aged children were most at risk of getting infected with influenza, with RIRs values consistently above one. The maximal RIR values were 5.99 (95% CI 5.23, 6.78) in the 7–12 aged-group and 5.68 (95%CI 4.59, 6.99) in the 4–6 aged-group in 2011/12. The transmission tree reconstruction suggested that the number of imported cases were consistently higher in the most populated and busy districts (Tainoura-go and Arikawa-go) ranged from 10–20 to 30–36 imported cases per season. The number of secondary cases generated by each case were also higher in these districts, which had the highest individual reproduction number (Reff: 1.2–1.7) across the seasons. Across all inferred transmission trees, the regression analysis showed that cases reported in districts with lower local vaccination coverage (incidence rate ratio IRR = 1.45 (95% CI 1.02, 2.05)) or higher number of inhabitants (IRR = 2.00 (95% CI 1.89, 2.12)) caused more secondary transmissions. Being younger than 18 years old (IRR = 1.38 (95%CI 1.21, 1.57) among 4–6 years old and 1.45 (95% CI 1.33, 1.59) 7–12 years old) and infection with influenza type A (type B IRR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.77, 0.90)) were also associated with higher numbers of onwards transmissions. However, conditional on being infected, we did not find any association between individual vaccination status and onwards transmissibility. Our study showed the importance of focusing public health efforts on achieving high vaccine coverage throughout the island, especially in more populated districts. The strong association between local vaccine coverage (including neighboring regions), and the risk of transmission indicate the importance of achieving homogeneously high vaccine coverage. The individual vaccine status may not prevent onwards transmission, though it may reduce the severity of infection.
Molecular pathways identified from single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrate mechanistic differences in systemic lupus erythematosus patients of Asian and European ancestry
Authors: Owen Katherine A. , Bell Kristy A. , Price Andrew , Bachali Prathyusha , Ainsworth Hannah , Marion Miranda C. , Howard Timothy D. , Langefeld Carl D. , Shen Nan , Yazdany Jinoos , Dall’era Maria , Grammer Amrie C. , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder with a prominent genetic component. Individuals of Asian-Ancestry (AsA) disproportionately experience more severe SLE compared to individuals of European-Ancestry (EA), including increased renal involvement and tissue damage. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated severity in the AsA population remain unclear. Here, we utilized available gene expression data and genotype data based on all non-HLA SNP associations in EA and AsA SLE patients detected using the Immunochip genotyping array. We identified 2778 ancestry-specific and 327 trans-ancestry SLE-risk polymorphisms. Genetic associations were examined using connectivity mapping and gene signatures based on predicted biological pathways and were used to interrogate gene expression datasets. SLE-associated pathways in AsA patients included elevated oxidative stress, altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas SLE-associated pathways in EA patients included a robust interferon response (type I and II) related to enhanced cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and signaling. An independent dataset derived from summary genome-wide association data in an AsA cohort was interrogated and identified similar molecular pathways. Finally, gene expression data from AsA SLE patients corroborated the molecular pathways predicted by SNP associations. Identifying ancestry-related molecular pathways predicted by genetic SLE risk may help to disentangle the population differences in clinical severity that impact AsA and EA individuals with SLE.
Predictive machine learning approaches for the microstructural behavior of multiphase zirconium alloys
Authors: Hasan Tamir , Capolungo Laurent , Zikry Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZirconium alloys are widely used in harsh environments characterized by high temperatures, corrosivity, and radiation exposure. These alloys, which have a hexagonal closed packed (h.c.p.) structure thermo-mechanically degrade, when exposed to severe operating environments due to hydride formation. These hydrides have a different crystalline structure, than the matrix, which results in a multiphase alloy. To accurately model these materials at the relevant physical scale, it is necessary to fully characterize them based on a microstructural fingerprint, which is defined here as a combination of features that include hydride geometry, parent and hydride texture and crystalline structure of these multiphase alloys. Hence, this investigation will develop a reduced order modeling approach, where this microstructural fingerprint is used to predict critical fracture stress levels that are physically consistent with microstructural deformation and fracture modes. Machine Learning (ML) methodologies based on Gaussian Process Regression, random forests, and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) were used to predict material fracture critical stress states. MLPs, or neural networks, had the highest accuracy on held-out test sets across three predetermined strain levels of interest. Hydride orientation, grain orientation or texture, and hydride volume fraction had the greatest effect on critical fracture stress levels and had partial dependencies that were highly significant, and in comparison hydride length and hydride spacing have less effects on fracture stresses. Furthermore, these models were also used accurately predicted material response to nominal applied strains as a function of the microstructural fingerprint.
Molecular structure, comparative and phylogenetic analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of weedy rye Secale cereale ssp. segetale
Authors: Skuza Lidia , Androsiuk Piotr , Gastineau Romain , Paukszto Łukasz , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Cembrowska-Lech Danuta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe complete chloroplast genome of Secale cereale ssp. segetale (Zhuk.) Roshev. (Poaceae: Triticeae) was sequenced and analyzed to better use its genetic resources to enrich rye and wheat breeding. The study was carried out using the following methods: DNA extraction, sequencing, assembly and annotation, comparison with other complete chloroplast genomes of the five Secale species, and multigene phylogeny. As a result of the study, it was determined that the chloroplast genome is 137,042 base pair (bp) long and contains 137 genes, including 113 unique genes and 24 genes which are duplicated in the IRs. Moreover, a total of 29 SSRs were detected in the Secale cereale ssp. segetale chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Secale cereale ssp. segetale appeared to share the highest degree of similarity with S. cereale and S. strictum. Intraspecific diversity has been observed between the published chloroplast genome sequences of S. cereale ssp. segetale. The genome can be accessed on GenBank with the accession number (OL688773).
Study on drainage mode and anti-clogging performance of new waterproofing and drainage system in a tunnel
Authors: Zhang Cong , Liu Ning , Chen Kun , Ren FangZhou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith an increase in tunnel construction and retention, traditional waterproofing and drainage systems have been unable to meet the needs of tunnels in heavy rainfall areas, and disasters such as tunnel lining cracking, leakage, and even collapse, occur frequently. In order to ensure the safe operation and maintenance of tunnels, this paper analyses the characteristics of the traditional waterproofing and drainage system, and puts forward a new drainage structure through numerical simulation and indoor testing. This structure removes the circular drainage blind pipe and adds a convex shell drainage plate between the waterproof board and the secondary lining. The research shows that the new drainage system greatly decreases the water pressure in the easily blocked area of the drainage structure. With the special surface discharge model, the external water pressure of the lining far away from the blocked area can quickly fall back to the normal level. In addition, the drainage capacity of different waterproof and drainage boards is different. With an increase in support pressure, the drainage capacity decreases; the geotextile decreases the most, followed by the capillary drainage board and then the convex shell drainage board. At the same time, after the muddy water drainage test of the three materials, it is found that the convex shell type drainage plate has the best anti-sludge performance. The research in this paper provides a beneficial attempt for the design of waterproofing and drainage structure of a water-rich karst tunnel, and provides a guarantee for the safe operation and maintenance of the tunnel.
Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants
Authors: Wang Ya Xing , Pan Zhe , Xue Can Can , Xie Hui , Wu Xiaodong , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study aims to assess the thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and photoreceptor outer segment (POS) band in various macular regions and its associations with axial length and other parameters. Participants of the Beijing Eye Study 2011 underwent a series of examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula. The current study included 2213 participants without retinal or optic nerve diseases (age: 61.7 ± 8.4 years; range 50–93 years); axial length: 23.15 ± 0.95 mm; range 18.96–29.15 mm). The ONL (fovea: 98.9 ± 8.8 µm), EZ (fovea: 24.1 ± 0.5 µm) and POS band (fovea: 24.3 ± 3.5 µm) were the thickest (P < 0.001) in the fovea (defined as the thinnest central point), followed by the temporal inner, nasal inner, inferior inner, superior inner, inferior outer, temporal outer, nasal outer, and superior outer region. In multivariable analysis, a thicker retinal ONL was associated (correlation coefficient r: 0.40) with shorter axial length (beta: − 0.14; P < 0.001) and shorter disc–fovea distance (beta: − 0.10; P = 0.001), after adjusting for younger age (beta: − 0.26; P < 0.001), male sex (beta: 0.24; P < 0.001), lower serum cholesterol concentration (beta: − 0.05; P = 0.04), and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (beta: 0.08; P < 0.001). The POS thickness increased with shorter axial length (beta: − 0.06; P < 0.001) and shorter optic disc–fovea distance (beta: − 0.05; P = 0.03), after adjusting for younger age (beta: − 0.34; P < 0.001), male sex (beta: 0.15; P < 0.001), and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (beta: 0.24; P < 0.001). As a conclusion, the photoreceptor ONL, EZ and POS band vary in thickness between different macular regions and differ in their correlations with axial length, disc–fovea distance, age, sex, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. The ONL thickness decrease with longer axial length and longer disc–fovea distance may point to an axial elongation-associated retinal stretching in the macula.
Methylammonium halide salt interfacial modification of perovskite quantum dots/triple-cation perovskites enable efficient solar cells
Authors: Tien Ching-Ho , Lai Hong-Ye , Chen Lung-Chien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PeSCs) have been introduced as a new photovoltaic device due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and low cost. However, due to the limitations of the perovskite film itself, the existence of defects was inevitable, which seriously affects the number and mobility of carriers in perovskite solar cells, thus restricting PeSCs improved efficiency and stability. Interface passivation to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells is an important and effective strategy. Here, we use methylammonium halide salts (MAX, X = Cl, Br, I) to effectively passivate defects at or near the interface of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs)/triple-cation perovskite films. The MAI passivation layer increased the open circuit voltage of PeQDs/triple-cation PeSC by 63 mV up to 1.04 V, with a high short-circuit current density of 24.6 mA cm−2 and a PCE of 20.4%, which demonstrated a significant suppression of interfacial recombination.
Modelling and analysis of electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise in permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles under different working conditions considering current harmonics
Authors: Wang Lixin , Wang Xiaoyuan , Li Na , Li Tianyuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vibration and noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is mainly caused by its electromagnetic force. Harmonic currents affect the vibration, and noise performance of PMSM by influencing its electromagnetic force. The regularity of electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise characteristics of PMSM for electric vehicles (EVs) under different working conditions influenced by the harmonic currents is studied. Firstly, the analytical model of electromagnetic force under the action of a harmonic current is derived, and the influence of harmonic currents on the electromagnetic force of PMSM is summarised. Secondly, a multi‐physical field coupled vibration, and noise calculation model considering harmonic currents is established using the finite element method, and the vibration, and noise characteristics of PMSM under different operating conditions are analysed. The results show that the harmonic currents have different patterns of influence on the vibration, and noise of the PMSM due to the different advance angles and the saturation degree of the magnetic material under different working conditions. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by experiments, which has academic significance for vibration, and noise reduction of PMSMs for EVs.
Frequency selection method for urban low frequency multi‐terminal interconnected systems
Authors: Xu Kehan , Zhang Zheren , Xu Zheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale urban power grid (LUPG) is normally under the operating mode by voltage layer and zone partition. One of the most important directions for the development of urban is to enhance the controllability by flexible low‐frequency interconnection technology. In this study, a frequency selection method for urban low‐frequency multi‐terminal interconnected systems (ULFMIS) is proposed. Firstly, the required support power under different conditions, the index number of sending partition (SP) and receiving partition (RP) are determined. Secondly, by calculating the current distribution along the line under different support powers, the upper limit of the transmission frequency (ULTF) of each line is obtained. Finally, the smallest transmission frequency among the ULTFs of different tie lines is selected as the ULTF of the ULFMIS. The proposed method is validated in a typical four‐terminal ULFMIS. The results demonstrate that the suggested method is suitable for calculating the ULTF taking account of the influence of the number of parallel lines on economic cost and provide guidance for future practical ULFMIS projects.
A lightweight method for face expression recognition based on improved MobileNetV3
Authors: Liang Xunru , Liang Jianfeng , Yin Tao , Tang Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFacial expression recognition plays a significant role in the application of man–machine interaction. However, existing models typically have shortcomings with numerous parameters, large model sizes, and high computational costs, which are difficult to deploy in resource‐constrained devices. This paper proposes a lightweight network based on improved MobileNetV3 to mitigate these disadvantages. Firstly, we adjust the channels in the high‐level network to reduce the number of parameters and model size, and then, the coordinate attention mechanism is introduced to the network, which enhances the attention of the network with few parameters and low computing cost. Furthermore, a complementary pooling structure is designed to improve the coordinate attention mechanism, which enables it to assist the network in extracting salient features sufficiently. In addition, the network with the joint loss consisting of the softmax loss and centre loss is trained, which can minimize the intra‐class gap and improve the classification performance. Finally, the network is trained and tested on public datasets FERPlus and RAF‐DB, with the best accuracy of 87.5% and 86.6%, respectively. The FLOPs, parameters, and the memory storage size are only 0.19GMac, 1.3 M, and 15.9 MB, respectively, which is lighter than most state‐of‐the‐art networks. Code is available at https://github.com/RIS‐LAB1/FER‐mobilenet.
A review of power system resilience assessment and enhancement approaches by focusing on wind farms and wind turbines
Authors: Modaberi Seyyed Alireza , Tohidi Sajjad , Zadeh Saeid Ghassem , Bolandi Tohid Ghanizadeh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, due to the increase of the frequency of high impact low probability (HILP) events (manmade and natural events), assessment and enhancement of resilience has become very important in the operation and planning procedures of future power systems. In this regard, several researches have been conducted on operation and planning strategies of the power system to improve resilience. Here, assessment and enhancement approaches of power system resilience by focusing on the role of wind farms and wind turbines are reviewed. To do so, a comprehensive review of the related metrics, hazard types, modelling approaches, assessment methods, and enhancement solutions is presented. Then, the assessment and enhancement methods of power system resilience are categorized in three phases before event (preventive proactive actions), during event (corrective active actions) and after event (restorative reactive actions) from the point of view of operation and planning actions. Finally, the current challenges, research gaps and future trends are discussed.
Intraparenchymal Schwannoma of Temporal Lobe: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saghebdoust Sajjad , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Ekrami Mehran , Khadivar Farshid , Vakilzadeh Mohammad Moein , Zare Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntracranial schwannomas (ISs) account for approximately 8% of intracranial tumors, while IS, a rare entity, is responsible for roughly 1% of IS. A 33-year-old man with a 3-month headache and sudden onset seizure was referred to our clinic. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass accompanied by cystic components in the right temporal lobe. Ganglioglioma, metastasis, or glioblastoma multiforme was suspected, and surgery was advised. During surgery, gross total resection of a noninvasive tumor was conducted. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Based on histopathological examination and confirmatory immunohistochemistry, the intraparenchymal temporal tumor was diagnosed as schwannoma. ISs are extremely scarce brain tumors mainly located on the surface of the brain or adjacent brain ventricles. The definite preoperative diagnosis of schwannoma cannot be readily established due to radiologically indistinguishable features from metastasis and gliomas; however, histopathology and immunohistochemistry are of great assistance. Complete surgical removal is the most preferred treatment alternative with a long-term favorable prognosis without adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy requirements.
The Efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) Wet Dressing in Reducing Eyelid Swelling and Bruising after Blepharoplasty: A Randomized, Controlled, and Observer-Blinded Assessment Study
Authors: Zou Pei , Zhang Kaili , Jin Yi , Liu Guangpeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet dressing with 50% magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution on decreasing eyelid swelling and bruising after blepharoplasty. Fifty-eight patients (23 male and 35 female) who underwent bilateral blepharoplasty were enrolled in our randomized clinical trial. One side of the periorbital area (upper and lower eyelids) per patient received a wet dressing with 50% MgSO4 solution randomly, and the other side was cooled with an ice pack from the first postoperative day for two consecutive days (30 minutes per time and twice a day). The eyelid edema and ecchymosis were evaluated and classified using respective graded scales. Degrees of eyelid edema were similar after surgery in both groups (p > 0.05) and were significantly decreased with time. Compared with the cooled ones, less swelling was observed in the eyelids treated by MgSO4 wet compress on postoperative day 5 (p < 0.01). Both the incidence and area of ecchymosis were lower in the MgSO4 group than those in the cooling group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the majority of patients (39/58, 67.2%) indicated a preference for MgSO4 wet dressing over ice cooling. MgSO4 wet dressing can be conveniently applied to alleviate eyelid swelling and reduce recovery time after blepharoplasty.