bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and distribution of meso- and macroplastics in the water, sediment, and fauna of the Nile River, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Yasmine A. M. , Badrey Ahmed E. A. , Osman Alaa G. M. , Mahdy Aldoushy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study described the most recent findings concerning the abundance and distribution of plastic in water, sediment, and fauna in the Nile River of Upper Egypt as an interesting research point. The findings revealed that plastics were abundant in the water, sediments, fish, and crayfish throughout the sites. The Nagaa Hammadi site has the highest abundance of meso- and macroplastics in its water and sediment. African catfish had the highest abundance of meso- and macroplastics compared to the other species, while Nile tilapia had no meso- or macroplastics in its alimentary canal or gills in all sites. The Edfu site has the highest abundance of mesoplastics in the alimentary canals of African catfish, while the Nagaa Hammadi site has the highest abundance of mesoplastics in the gills, and macroplastics appeared only in the alimentary canal of African catfish from the El-wasta site. Only mesoplastics were found in the crayfish’s alimentary canal, with the Nagaa Hammadi site having the highest abundance. No macroplastics were detected in the crayfish’s gills or alimentary canal. Additionally, this work lets us understand how plastics behave in freshwater environments, and it is a step toward decision-makers taking appropriate measures to reduce their risk.
An empirically based model of software prototyping: a mapping study and a multi-case study
Authors: Bjarnason Elizabeth , Lang Franz , Mjöberg Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Context
Prototyping is an established practice within product and user interface design that is also used as a requirements engineering (RE) practice within agile development. Even so, there is a lack of theory on prototyping.

Aims
Our main research objective is to support practitioners in improving on their prototyping practices.

Method
We have designed a model that describes key aspects of the practice of prototyping. The model is based on a systematic mapping study consisting of thirty-three primary studies and on empirical data from twelve case companies. We validate and demonstrate the applicability of our model through a focus group at one company and through semi-structured interviews at eleven (other) startup companies.

Results
Our prototyping aspects model (PAM) consists of five aspects of prototyping, namely purpose, prototype scope, prototype media, prototype use, and exploration strategy. This model has enabled practitioners to discuss their prototyping practices in terms of the concepts provided by our model.

Conclusions
The model can be used to categorise prototyping instances and can thereby support practitioners in reflecting and improving on their prototyping practices.
“Stay away from the Park”: A Case for Police-Issued Personal Safety Advice for Women
Authors: Minehan Matthew John 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAre police officers morally justified in issuing unsolicited personal safety advice to women? Such advice often attracts accusations of ‘victim blaming’, although prevention advice remains a common tool used by police to address many crime and safety risks. While some examples of police advice are clearly outrageous, this article considers whether there is a place for ‘sound’ advice, i.e., advice that is proportionate, easy to follow, empirically justified, and objectively likely to reduce harm. To explore this, the article proposes a thought experiment that compares safety advice dealing with threats to women from human sources with safety advice issued in response to natural phenomena, such as flooding. It argues that, despite apparent differences, safety advice addressing risks from humans and natural phenomena are relevantly similar. Consequently, if advice dealing with natural phenomena is morally justified then advice to women about human threats is also morally justifiable. Nevertheless, the article also considers whether the purported prevalence of sexism in policing may make safety advice for women morally problematic. While levels of sexism in policing may vary across time and location, it is argued that safety advice would be morally justified even if sexism was widespread among police officers. Finally, the article considers whether crime prevention advice may backfire by effectively curtailing women’s freedoms. Rather than curtailing freedom, however, it is argued that sound advice may actually enable women to flourish by helping them overcome fear of crime and achieve non-instrumental goals that they have set for themselves.
The impact of vaccinations and chronic disease on COVID death rates
Authors: Doti James L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents a theoretical and empirical regression model to measure the efficacy of vaccinations in reducing COVID death rates across states over the 3/10/21 to 12/28/22 period. During that period, it was estimated that the availability of vaccinations resulted in a reduction of 427,000 COVID deaths in the nation. To arrive at that estimate, other covariants were held constant. In particular, it was found that chronic disease should be included as an explanatory variable to arrive at unbiased measures of the efficacy of vaccinations in reducing deaths. In addition, the percentage of people over the age of 65 was found to be highly significant. The only ethnic/racial characteristic that was significant in explaining COVID deaths was the percentage of American Indians/Alaska Natives residing in a state. Other ethnic/racial characteristics, as well as variables representing population, density, governmental stringency, and income, were not significant over the period tested.
Why the Moral Equality Account of Hypocrisy Does Not Fail After All
Authors: Vogt David Chelsom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Moral Equality Account of Hypocrisy (ME) is a prominent theory of why hypocrites lack moral standing to blame. Hypocrites make exceptions for themselves and thereby implicitly deny moral equality, which is an essential premise of moral standing to blame. ME has recently faced challenges from philosophers who deny that it is the hypocrite’s rejection of moral equality that causes her to lose moral standing to blame. I have distinguished three main challenges which I discuss and rebut in this article: “The Internal Blame and Blame of Fictional Characters Challenge”, which I attribute to Todd (2019), and “The Hypercrite Challenge” and “The Inegalitarian Norm Challenge”, which are due to Lippert-Rasmussen (2021). The article begins by offering an account of ME. It fills in a few gaps in the theory, by explaining why it is necessary for a blamer to invoke a special right to blame and by determining the type of right that standing to blame is. It also distinguishes between the question of why hypocrisy is wrong or bad, and the question of why it undermines moral standing to blame. I hold that several theories provide plausible answers to the first question, but only ME has so far given a good answer to the second question. When distinguishing properly between these two questions, we see that ME can respond satisfactorily to the three challenges.
Who is at the helm? Mary Wollstonecraft’s contribution to the romantic construct of the imagination
Authors: Péter Ágnes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn my essay I pursue the line of inquiry which has recently been proposed by scholars who have reconstructed the historical context of Wollstonecraft’s feminism to bring into sharper focus what can be seen as consistent motives of her thought. Starting out from the thesis of Barbara Taylor that Wollstonecraft’s feminism was deeply rooted in the egalitarian theology of Radical Protestantism (Barbara Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft and the feminist imagination Cambridge University Press, 2003) I will argue that her brief career shows how, in her analysis of the hierarchy of the cognitive faculties, first she redefined reason by ascribing to it the power of intuitive apprehension, and eventually she replaced reason with imagination as the distinctive attribute of the human mind. Positioning herself—through Price’s theology and moral philosophy—in the Platonic and pagan as well as Christian Neo-Platonic traditions, she arrived several years before Wordsworth or Coleridge not only at an intuition of the creativity of human thinking but at a definition of the imagination as the supreme mental faculty. As a result, in some emotionally highly charged passages of her Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796), she constructed her own version of early Romanticism in England. These passages can be read side by side with passages of epiphany in Wordsworth’s 1805 Prelude as the most powerful examples of the imagination leading through an investment in the quotidian to an apprehension of immortality.
Long-term neurocognitive function and quality of life after multimodal therapy in adult glioma patients: a prospective long-term follow-up
Authors: Pertz Milena , Schlömer Sabine , Seidel Clemens , Hentschel Bettina , Löffler Markus , Schackert Gabriele , Krex Dietmar , Juratli Tareq , Tonn Joerg Christian , Schnell Oliver , Vatter Hartmut , Simon Matthias , Westphal Manfred , Martens Tobias , Sabel Michael , Bendszus Martin , Dörner Nils , Wick Antje , Fliessbach Klaus , Hoppe Christian , Klingner Marcel , Felsberg Jörg , Reifenberger Guido , Gramatzki Dorothee , Weller Michael , Schlegel Uwe ,   for the German Glioma Network
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Multimodal therapies have significantly improved prognosis in glioma. However, in particular radiotherapy may induce long-term neurotoxicity compromising patients’ neurocognition and quality of life. The present prospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate associations of multimodal treatment with neurocognition with a particular focus on hippocampal irradiation.

Methods
Seventy-one glioma patients (WHO grade 1–4) were serially evaluated with neurocognitive testing and quality of life questionnaires. Prior to (baseline) and following further treatment (median 7.1 years [range 4.6–11.0] after baseline) a standardized computerized neurocognitive test battery (NeuroCog FX) was applied to gauge psychomotor speed and inhibition, verbal short-term memory, working memory, verbal and non-verbal memory as well as verbal fluency. Mean ipsilateral hippocampal radiation dose was determined in a subgroup of 27 patients who received radiotherapy according to radiotherapy plans to evaluate its association with neurocognition.

Results
Between baseline and follow-up mean performance in none of the cognitive domains significantly declined in any treatment modality (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, combined radio-chemotherapy, watchful-waiting), except for selective attention in patients receiving chemotherapy alone. Apart from one subtest (inhibition), mean ipsilateral hippocampal radiation dose > 50 Gy (Dmean) as compared to < 10 Gy showed no associations with long-term cognitive functioning. However, patients with Dmean < 10 Gy showed stable or improved performance in all cognitive domains, while patients with > 50 Gy numerically deteriorated in 4/8 domains.

Conclusions
Multimodal glioma therapy seems to affect neurocognition less than generally assumed. Even patients with unilateral hippocampal irradiation with > 50 Gy showed no profound cognitive decline in this series.
Disease Burden Attributed to Drug use in the Nordic Countries: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019
Authors:   GBD 2019 Nordic Drug Use Collaborators, Agardh Emilie E. , Allebeck Peter , Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo , Aronsson Amanda E. , Flodin Pär , Eikemo Terje A. , Bangah Paul R. , Skogen Jens Christoffer , Gissler Mika , Rönkä Sanna , McGrath John J. , Sigurvinsdóttir Rannveig , Dadras Omid , Deuba Keshab , Hedna Khedidja , Mentis Alexios-Fotios A. , Sagoe Dominic , Shiri Rahman , Weye Nanna , Hay Simon I. , Murray Christopher J. L. , Naghavi Mohsen , Pasovic Maja , Vos Theo , Wennberg Peter , Danielsson Anna-Karin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Nordic countries share similarities in many social and welfare domains, but drug policies have varied over time and between countries. We wanted to compare differences in mortality and disease burden attributed to drug use over time. Using results from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we extracted age-standardized estimates of deaths, DALYs, YLLs and YLDs per 100 000 population for Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden during the years 1990 to 2019. Among males, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Finland and lowest in Iceland. Among females, DALY rates in 2019 were highest in Iceland and lowest in Sweden. Sweden have had the highest increase in burden since 1990, from 252 DALYs to 694 among males, and from 111 to 193 among females. Norway had a peak with highest level of all countries in 2001–2004 and thereafter a strong decline. Denmark have had the most constant burden over time, 566–600 DALYs among males from 1990 to 2010 and 210–240 DALYs among females. Strict drug policies in Nordic countries have not prevented an increase in some countries, so policies need to be reviewed.
The 12-Item Mini-DASS: A Concise and Efficient Measure of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Authors: Monteiro Renan P. , Coelho Gabriel Lins de Holanda , Hanel Paul H. P. , Gouveia Valdiney V. , Vilar Roosevelt 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) is a common instrument for measuring dimensions of emotional distress. In the present research, we tested across five studies (N = 2,096) whether the number of items could be reduced while maintaining high reliability and validity. Specifically, Item Response Theory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis reduced the number of items to 12, which we named Mini-DASS. Our findings revealed the Mini-DASS is as psychometrically robust as the DASS-21. Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis established its invariance across gender and three countries (Brazil, UK, and USA). The Mini-DASS and the DASS-21 demonstrated similar correlation patterns with other well-being measures and the five moral foundations. Notably, we observed negative correlations between depression, anxiety, stress, and the authority and loyalty foundations. In conclusion, the Mini-DASS is a parsimonious, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress.
Formation mechanism of macroporous Cu/CuSe and its application as electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Ullah Nabi , Guziejewski Dariusz , Koszelska Kamila , Małecka Magdalena , Ranoszek-Soliwoda Katarzyna , Grobelny Jarosław , Mirceski Valentin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle-step solvothermal method is used to prepare Cu/CuSe as an electrocatalyst for methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR). 1,3-butan-diol is selected as a reaction medium, whose viscosity and complex formation with Cu(II) ions dictate the catalyst morphology. The catalyst has a macroporous structure, which is composed of nanoballs with a high purity, crystallinity, and uniform morphology. The electrocatalyst is excellent for MOR, as it delivers current density of 37.28 mA/mg at potential of 0.6 V (vs Ag/AgCl) in the electrolyte of 1 M KOH and 0.75 M methanol at a 50 mV/s scan rate under conditions of cyclic voltammetry. The catalyst also shows good stability for 3600 s with negligible charge transfer resistance and high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) value of 0.100 mF/cm2.
„Eine Einschätzung, die in Sekunden passieren muss“. Eine qualitative Studie zu Gründen für ausbleibende Interventionen durch das pädagogische Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech unter Schüler:innen
Authors: Krause Norman , Wachs Sebastian , Bilz Ludwig , Schubarth Wilfried 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie ermittelt erstmals Gründe für ausbleibende Interventionen durch pädagogische Fachkräfte bei Hatespeech-Vorfällen in der Schule anhand des Entscheidungsmodells für Hilfeverhalten, das einen fünfstufigen, kognitiven Abwägungsprozess beschreibt, der einer möglichen Intervention vorausgeht. Ausgewertet wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Schüler:innen (n = 21), Lehrkräften (n = 16) und anderem pädagogischem Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg. Die Analyse des qualitativen Datenmaterials zeigt, dass sich auf allen fünf Stufen des Abwägungsprozesses Gründe finden lassen, warum Interventionen bei Hatespeech ausbleiben: Das Schulpersonal kann Hatespeech nicht immer wahrnehmen (1), deutet es vor dem Hintergrund jugendtypischer bzw. gewaltvoller Sprachnormen teils nicht als interventionswürdig (2), übernimmt die Verantwortung teils nicht – insbesondere bei Online-Hatespeech (3), schätzt die eigenen Interventionskompetenzen als unzureichend ein (4) oder wägt Kosten und Nutzen eines möglichen Eingreifens zulasten einer tatsächlichen Interventionshandlung gegeneinander ab (5). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine Sensibilisierung für Hatespeech und ihre Folgen für die Beteiligten, z. B. durch Aufklärung, die Verantwortungsübernahme stärken könnte. Im qualitativen Datenmaterial lassen sich zudem Wünsche des Schulpersonals nach Aus- und Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten sowie Forderungen nach den notwendigen Kapazitäten im Schulalltag finden, um bei Hatespeech angemessen intervenieren zu können.
Kognitive und affektive Facetten strukturierter Unterrichtsreflexion. Eine quasi-experimentelle Studie zu schriftlichen Reflexionen mit und ohne Unterrichtsvideografie
Authors: Krauskopf Karsten , Fehn-Winterling Katharina 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungAufgrund widersprüchlicher Befunde bezüglich der spezifischen Effekte videobasierter Reflexionsgelegenheiten in der universitären Lehrkräftebildung gilt es, den praktisch aufwändigen Einsatz von Videoaufnahmen des eigenen Unterrichts weiter zu untersuchen. In dieser quasiexperimentellen Studie reflektierten 22 Lehramtsstudierende auf BA-Level eigenständig drei Unterrichtssituationen. Dabei erhielten sie eine strukturierte Instruktion, die am ALACT-Modell orientiert war. Eine videobasierte (n = 11) und eine protokollbasierte (n = 11) Vorgehensweise wurden in einem gemischt-methodischen Vorgehen anhand von Selbsteinschätzungen und qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Auswertungen der schriftlichen Reflexionen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen lediglich deskriptive Unterschiede in den Situationsbeschreibungen. Allerdings fielen die Gedanken zur Situation bei videobasierter Reflexion signifikant differenzierter aus und bezogen sich konkreter auf das pädagogische Handeln. In beiden Gruppen wurde vorwiegend das eigene Handeln (Selbstreflexion) reflektiert und es ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den Schlussfolgerungen bezüglich des eigenen Lehrhandelns. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich der Bedeutung der strukturierenden Instruktion und des aktuellen Forschungsstands diskutiert.
Evaluating the effects of lymphoedema management strategies on functional status and health-related quality of life following treatment for head and neck cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Mullan Lauren J. , Blackburn Nicole E. , Gracey Jackie , Dunwoody Lynn , Lorimer Jill , Semple Cherith J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Patients living with head and neck lymphoedema (HNL) after completion of head and neck cancer (HNC) often can experience long-term functional challenges and overall poorer health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This systematic review aims to explore components of effective HNL interventions through identification and synthesising literature on existing HNL management interventions.

Methods
Five electronic databases (MEDLINE via Ovid and PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Scopus) were systematically searched using Medical Subject Headings and free text, as well as citation tracking and Google Scholar for grey literature.

Results
A total of 1910 studies were screened, with 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated vast heterogeneity within HNL interventions. Patients’ adherence to intervention strategies was reported as low and partially adhered to, particularly at home. This impacted on function domains and overall HRQOL during the post-treatment HNC phase, as well as further increasing the demands placed on healthcare professionals.

Conclusions
Synthesis of the research findings highlighted a need to provide and educate patients with individualised HNL self-management intervention strategies. Promoting adherence was reported as being essential, with self-efficacy and behaviour change techniques being emphasised as a critical element to enhance motivation and therefore effective intervention delivery. Further work is important to address barriers to adherence and promote both motivation and behaviour change, to develop individualised self-management interventions for this cancer population.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
The findings from this systematic review will provide guidance in the development and delivery of individualised self-management HNL interventions for patients who have completed HNC treatment.
Discharging of Spent Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries in Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Chloride for a Safe Recycling Process
Authors: Amalia Dessy , Singh Pritam , Zhang Wensheng , Nikoloski Aleksandar N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBattery discharging prior to size reduction is an essential treatment in spent lithium-ion battery recycling to avoid the risk of fire and explosion. The main challenge for discharging the residual charges by immersion in an electrolyte solution is corrosion because of electrolysis reactions occurring at the battery terminals. This study investigated the discharging process of 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in NaCl and NaOH solutions and the generation of corrosion products, with the aim of developing a safe and clean discharging system for practical applications. The results show that water electrolysis is the primary reaction during battery immersion in either NaCl or NaOH solutions. Different forms of corrosion occur in each solution. Unlike the NaCl solution, which severely corroded the positive terminal of the battery, resulting in significant amount of solid residue, build-up of fluoride ions, and chlorine gas evolution, in the NaOH solution, a darkened surface of the negative terminal was the only obvious solid product, with no solid residue in the bulk solution, while oxygen gas was evolved. The NaOH solution was found to reduce battery capacity to a residual capacity range of 0–25 mAH after immersing batteries in the solution for 20 h. This value puts the battery in a safe condition for subsequent mechanical treatment. The results indicated that NaOH creates a clean discharging system and can potentially be reused.