bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Rural-Urban Place of Residence and Subjective Well-Being is Nonlinear and its Substantive Significance is Questionable
Authors: Prati Gabriele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch on rural-urban differences in subjective well-being revealed inconsistent findings. I argue that the inconsistencies in the literature may be due to very small effect sizes and nonlinear associations. The aims of the present contribution were twofold: (1) to determine the effect size of the relationship between living in rural-urban areas and subjective well-being; (2) to investigate whether categories of rural-urban areas are nonlinearly related to subjective well-being. The present research used data from 507,452 participants from 115 countries provided by the European Values Study Trend File 1981–2017 and the World Values Survey time-series dataset (1981–2022). Self-reports of satisfaction with life and happiness were used to measure subjective well-being. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, education, employment status, marital status, and income, the relationship between rural-urban place of residence and subjective well-being was statistically significant. However, the magnitude of these associations (i.e., effect size) was very small or even negligible. Moreover, pairwise comparisons of the estimated marginal means for life satisfaction and happiness revealed a pattern of nonlinear relationships. The results of the current research question the practical significance and usefulness of the relationship between rural-urban place of residence alone and subjective well-being.
Hyperthyreose vs. Thyreotoxikose, neue Entwicklungen in der Therapie des Morbus Basedow
Authors: Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Schmitt Lisa , Pilz Stefan 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen dieses Reviews sollen sowohl die klinische Unterscheidung einer Hyperthyreose von einer Thyreotoxikose anderer Ursache als auch neue Therapien bei Morbus Basedow diskutiert werden. Als Thyreotoxikose wird jegliches Krankheitsbild bezeichnet, das sich durch einen Exzess an Schilddrüsenhormonen auszeichnet. Obwohl die Begriffe Thyreotoxikose und Hyperthyreose in der Klinik oft synonym verwendet werden, sollte der Begriff der Hyperthyreose streng genommen nur für Ursachen einer Thyreotoxikose verwendet werden, die durch exzessive Hormonproduktion in der Schilddrüse entstehen. Die Unterscheidung einer Hyperthyreose von einer Thyreotoxikose anderer Ursache macht im klinischen Alltag insbesondere deshalb Sinn, weil aufgrund der verschiedenen Ätiologie auch unterschiedliche Therapien notwendig sind. Dies ist in vielen Fällen durch eine Bestimmung der TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper oder eine Schilddrüsenszintigraphie möglich, in besonderen Fällen lässt sich aber auch dadurch kein eindeutiges Ergebnis erzielen bzw. sind diese Untersuchungen manchmal nicht durchführbar (z. B. Szintigraphie bei Schwangeren). Dafür existieren mit der Berechnung der fT3/fT4-Ratio sowie der Messung des Blutflusses in den Schilddrüsenarterien einfache Tools, die die Differenzierung in der Klinik erleichtern können.Da sich die Therapie des Morbus Basedow in den letzten 70 Jahren nicht wesentlich verändert hat und teilweise mit Komplikationen wie Rezidiven oder einer permanenten Hypothyreose vergesellschaftet ist, besteht ein Bedarf nach neuen Behandlungsalternativen. Diesbezüglich sind derzeit Therapien in Evaluierung, die die Funktion der B‑Zellen modulieren und somit eine Reduktion der TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper bewirken sollen. Zudem sind mehrere Therapieansätze in Entwicklung, welche die Signalkaskade nach Aktivierung des TSH-Rezeptors blockieren sollen.
One-Step Fabrication of Magnetic Polymer/Montmorillonite Adsorbent for Highly Efficient Phenol Adsorption
Authors: Geng Pei , Hao Haidong , Guo Jingmao , Wang Yuxin , Ma Jianchao , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhenol contaminants are highly biotoxic and have become a global problem threatening the environment and human health. The objective of the present study was to develop a very efficient and easily recyclable adsorbent to remove phenol. A magnetic montmorillonite composite with organic co-intercalation was fabricated by a simple one-step co-precipitation method and exhibited excellent phenol removal. Two surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and erucic acid amide (EA), were successfully co-intercalated into the interlayer of Ca-montmorillonite, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were simultaneously decorated to obtain Fe3O4-CTAB/EA-montmorillonite composite (Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt). The morphology and structure of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt composite were explored by using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy and so on. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt for phenol was investigated under various conditions including temperature, pH, contact time, various phenol concentrations, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt retained a lamellar structure of Ca-Mnt with mesopores. Its interlayer space, surface area, and pore volume were increased. The Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt composite exhibited a good adsorption capacity (31.45 mg·g–1) for phenol with a removal efficiency of 85.46% at optimized conditions. Moreover, the adsorbent still maintained 78.32% of the adsorption capacity after five cycles. The adsorption test data of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. The adsorption was a spontaneous, exothermic, entropy-decreasing process, and a possible adsorption mechanism of Fe3O4-C/E-Mnt was finally proposed.
Development and Characterization of Non-coated and PLGA-Coated S53P4 and S59 Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Treatment of Load-Bearing Defects
Authors: Strömberg Gustav , Aalto-Setälä Laura , Uppstu Peter , Björkenheim Robert , Pajarinen Jukka , Eriksson Elin , Lindfors Nina C. , Hupa Leena 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We studied how in vitro reactions affect long-term biochemical and mechanical properties of porous tissue engineering scaffolds based on two bioactive glasses and accordingly their potential suitability for treating critical-size load-bearing bone defects. Granules of bioactive glass S53P4 and S59 were used to sinter the porous scaffolds. The sintering variables for mechanically durable scaffolds were initially selected according to the thermal behaviour of the glasses during heating. The S53P4 and S59 scaffolds were further divided into the following three groups: uncoated scaffolds, poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) coated scaffolds, and scaffolds coated with a mixture of PLGA and powdered S53P4. The purpose of the coating is to enhance mechanical abilities and to induce a membrane rich in growth factors surrounding the BAG implant. Characterization of the scaffolds included water absorption, pH, ion release, reaction layer formation, and compressive strength. Polymer coatings with powdered S53P4 absorbed more water than pure polymer coatings. The pH of the immersion solution increased more upon immersion of the uncoated scaffolds. No marked differences were seen between the coated scaffolds. During the 28-day in vitro immersion, the Ca-ion concentration initially increased for non-coated S53P4 scaffolds, followed by a slight increase starting at 14 days for all S53P4-based scaffolds and S59-PLGA scaffolds. The lowest P species concentration was observed for uncoated S53P4 scaffolds. The polymer coatings hindered the dissolution of Si-species from the scaffolds. Thicker calcium phosphate layers were identified at the uncoated scaffolds, suggesting a higher bioactivity. In contrast, the polymer coatings enhanced the compressive strength of the scaffolds. The results reflect the impact of glass composition and polymer coating on the chemical and physical properties of scaffolds, emphasizing the requirements in clinical applications for critical load-bearing bone defects.

Graphical Abstract
Factors affecting interannual variation in late summer rainfall in the Red River Delta of Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Duc-Tu , Bui-Manh Hai , Le Trung-Hung , Fu Yen-Ta , Lin Cheng-Chih , Yen Ming-Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBased on station monthly observational statistics, the major rainfall in the Red River Delta (RRD) of Vietnam occurs in late summer (July–September) with conspicuous year-to-year variation. Using the ± 0.8 of the seasonal total rainfall standard deviation as criteria, seven wet and six dry years are identified over the period 1983–2015. In addition to the 70.5% of the seasonal total rainfall contributed by the heavy rainfall days, the distinct heavy rainfall accumulation difference between wet and dry years seems to fundamentally establish these two separated extreme wet and dry groups. As revealed from further analyses, the large variability in rainfall is attributed to the influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) and 7–24- and 30–60-day intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs); in particular, the number of TCs affecting the RRD and rainfall produced by TCs are more (less) during the wet (dry) years, and the amplitudes of ISOs are also enhanced (reduced). In many cases, heavy rainfall days are induced by the combined effect of both ISOs and TCs, while some heavy rainfall events are mainly triggered by ISOs. It is found from the water vapor budget analyses that an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) dominates over the Indochina Peninsula in wet (dry) years, resulting in more (less) water vapor being transported to the RRD, whereas the anomalous convergence (divergence) of water vapor flux leads to the maintenance of excessive (insufficient) rainfall over the RRD. However, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing shows minor effects on the interannual variation in rainfall in the RRD.
Physiological effects of standard oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula, and helmet CPAP in acute bronchiolitis: a randomized cross-over study
Authors: Chidini Giovanna , Mauri Tommaso , Conti Giorgio , Catenacci Stefano Scalia , Marchesi Tiziana , Dona Giada , Figini Maria Adele , Babini Giovanni , Calderini Edoardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesAcute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) is a major cause of hospitalization for children in developed and developing countries. Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy improves oxygenation and reduces respiratory drive by enhancing carbon dioxide wash-out. However, little is known about the physiological effects of non-invasive helmet continuous positive airway pressure (h-CPAP) and NHF on respiratory work of breathing (WOB) in pediatric patients with AVB. The present study measured esophageal pressure time product over 1 min (PTPes*min−1), as a close surrogate for WOB during standard oxygen therapy (SOT), NHF delivered at incremental flow rates, and h-CPAP in hospitalized patients with AVB.MethodsThis is a physiological randomized crossover study with four 20-min steps: SOT delivered by a Venturi mask; NHF2 set at 2L/kg*min−1PBW; NHF3 set at 3L/kg*min−1PBW; and h-CPAP with PEEP 7 cmH2O. PTPes *min−1, pressure rate product (PRP), respiratory and other physiological parameters were collected towards the end of each step.ResultsTen hypoxemic children with AVB were enrolled. PTPes*min−1, respiratory rate (RR), PRP, and heart rate (HR) decreased progressively from h-CPAP to NHF3, NHF2, and SOT (p < 0.01). Transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (tcCO2) was lower during h-CPAP, NHF3, and NHF2 than during SOT (p < 0.001). SpO2:FiO2was higher during h-CPAP than with all other support (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn pediatric patients with AVB, h-CPAP was associated with lower WOB, better oxygenation, and lower tcCO2than with SOT and NHF trials.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.govNCT03689686 Registered 1 August 2018.
Assessment of Neurology Residency Program Websites across North America during COVID-19
Authors: Tsai Chia-Chen , Wen William , Tao Brendan , Chen Tychicus , Marzoughi Sina , Khan Muhammad T. , Khosa Faisal 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTWith virtual interviews for residency applications, residency program websites have become increasingly important resources for applicants. We evaluated the comprehensiveness of US and Canadian neurology residency program website, comparing this to published rankings of the best neurology and neurosurgery hospitals (for US programs) and number of residency positions (for US and Canadian programs). US program websites were found to be largely more comprehensive than Canadian websites, more extensive websites were associated with better program rankings and fewer residency seats in the US, and US regional differences in comprehensiveness were present. We recommend standardized guidelines to increase website comprehensiveness across programs.
Association Between Attitudes Toward Trauma Informed Care and Psychological First-Aid Training Experience Among Health Care Professionals in Japan
Authors: Asaoka Hiroki , Koido Yuichi , Kawashima Yuzuru , Ikeda Miki , Miyamoto Yuki , Nishi Daisuke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Trauma informed care (TIC) is an important approach for people who have experienced trauma. Although psychological first aid (PFA) may be effective training in TIC, no study reported an association between PFA training and TIC. This study aimed to investigate the association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals in Japan.

Methods:
Japanese health care professionals were recruited for a survey conducted from May 21 to June 18, 2021. TIC was assessed by the Attitudes Related to Trauma Informed Care Scale 10-item short form (ARTIC-10). A question about PFA training participation was originally developed through discussion among researchers. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between the PFA experience and ARTIC-10.

Results:
In total, 484 (3.6%) health care professionals completed all questions. Among them, 77 (15.9%) had experienced PFA training. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses showed that PFA experience (B = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.02–0.36, P = 0.03; B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.01–0.34, P = 0.04) was significantly associated with ARTIC-10.

Conclusions:
This study was the first to show an association between PFA training and attitudes toward TIC among health care professionals, which was a significant result for future research on PFA training, TIC, and trauma care.
A generative-based design methodology to enable the democratisation of 3D printing
Authors: Goudswaard Mark , Nassehi Aydin , Hicks Ben 
Published: August 2023

Abstract3D printing technologies, such as material extrusion (MEX), hold the potential to revolutionise manufacturing by providing individuals without traditional manufacturing capabilities with powerful and affordable resources. However, widespread adoption is impeded by the lack of user-friendly design tools due to the necessity of domain-specific expertise in computer-aided design (CAD) software and the overwhelming level of design freedom afforded by the MEX process. To overcome these barriers and facilitate the democratisation of design (DoD), this article introduces an innovative, generative-based design (GBD) methodology aimed at enabling non-technical users to create functional components independently. The novelty of this methodology lies in its capacity to simplify complex design tasks, making them more accessible to non-designers. The proposed methodology was tested in the design of a load-bearing part, yielding a functional component within two design iterations. A comparative analysis with the conventional CAD-based process revealed that the GBD methodology enables the DoD, reflected in a 68% reduction in design activities and a decrease in design difficulty of 62% in requisite know-how and a 55% in understanding. Through the creation and implementation of this methodology, the article demonstrates a pioneering integration of state-of-the-art techniques of generative design with design repositories enabling effective co-design with non-designers.
Polity Size Matters? The Effect of Country Size on Politicians' Professionalization
Authors: Paneque Andreu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines the effect of country size on the professionalization of politicians in six European micro-states and a large-scale democracy – Germany – since 1980. The article revisits an ongoing debate about the extent to which either country size or government size are causal factors in the individual professionalization process. Using an original dataset consisting of 6,940 parliamentary mandates – 2,809 individuals – in national parliaments, the article shows that country size is a determinant of the degree of politicians' professionalization. The article further demonstrates that political parties' gatekeeper role is the key causal mechanism explaining the influence of population size on politicians' professionalization.
Critical analysis of the Moscow Patriarchate vision on the Russian–Ukrainian military conflict: Russkiy mir and just war
Authors: Coman Viorel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article contrasts the teaching on just war as presented by the 2000 document, ‘Bases of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church’ (Moscow Patriarchate), with the insights provided by a similar social document issued in 2020 by the Ecumenical Patriarchate, ‘For the Life of the World: Towards a Social Ethos of the Orthodox Church’. The article argues that whenever religion is instrumentalised to justify the political ambitions of church and secular leaders, and especially when they are used as the main driving force behind military conflicts such as the war in Ukraine, it is the prophetic role of theologians and scholars to show that religion offers resources to deconstruct the weaponisation of Christian faith for political gain.
Policy entrepreneurs and problem definition: the case of European student mobility
Authors: Cino Pagliarello Marina , Cini Michelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the literature on the role of agency in the policy process, relatively little attention has been devoted to how agents define policy problems. This article helps to address this gap by asking when and how policy entrepreneurs are successful in defining problems. The article rests on a framework that shows how policy entrepreneurs holding specific ideas and given a propitious socioeconomic context are able to define problems, translate those problems into new frames, and draw on those frames, while using their personal skills and political and institutional resources, to help build supportive coalitions in favor of policy change. Illustrated by a puzzling case in the field of European mobility policy, the article offers a new perspective on the role of ideas at the problem definition stage of the policy process, while providing a richer understanding of the policy entrepreneur as a driver of policy change.
Conceptualizing legal change as ‘norm-knitting’ through the example of the environmental human right
Authors: Endres Dorothea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding law as a continuous process with circular and interacting phases of selection, construction, and reception makes it possible to account for the variety of actors and resources implicated in the process of incrementally changing a norm of international law. This process is visualized through an analogy to knitting. One can start the knitting project with one needle, but to actually construct anything, more than one needle is necessary: at least two actors need to collaborate and build upon each other’s work. If those two actors neatly agree upon the pattern to be knitted, the resulting product may be uniform and dense, able to cover all situations it is intended for. However, it is not that easy to knit in exactly the same pace and pattern. The constructed law may not fit perfectly all situations it is intended for, because the different actors may have had different patterns in their head. Also, sometimes, the wool is held too tightly, and the net becomes too dense; sometimes the wool is held too loosely, and the net will have holes. With this visualization in mind, we can think of legal changes as continuously intermingling and building upon each other: international law is generally knitted with different colours of wool, each colour representing a different normative resource. Thus, ‘norm knitting’ provides for an analytical tool that makes it possible to demonstrate the variety in ‘successful’ change of a given norm in international law in response to specific challenges which the actors face.
The emerging contribution of Türkiye to Antarctic science and policy
Authors: Karatekin Feride , Uzun F. Rumeysa , Ager Beverley J. , Convey Peter , Hughes Kevin A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAntarctica is a continent dedicated to ‘peace and science’ and subject to international consensus-based governance through the Antarctic Treaty System. Through the Treaty, decision-making powers are reserved to Consultative Parties, which are those countries recognized as demonstrating ‘substantial scientific research activity’ in Antarctica. Türkiye acceded to the Antarctic Treaty in 1996. In its National Polar Science Program (2018–2022) it first declared a desire to attain consultative status to the Treaty. Here, we examine Türkiye‘s recent development across Antarctic science, policy and logistics. Since 2016, Türkiye’s national Antarctic scientific output has increased threefold, ranking seventh amongst the current 27 non-Consultative Parties, and this output is greater than some Consultative Parties. Türkiye has submitted more papers to the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings than any other non-Consultative Party and is actively participating in the development of the Antarctic Protected Area system. To facilitate longer-term research goals, Türkiye is constructing an Antarctic research station (Horseshoe Island, Antarctic Peninsula), has joined several polar organizations, including the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP), and has developed scientific and logistical collaborations with many established Antarctic nations. The exceptionally rapid growth of Türkiye's Antarctic activities provides a firm foundation for the development of a future application for consultative status.
Therapeutic potential of nanotechnology in reproduction disorders and possible limitations
Authors: Barroso Pedro Alves Aguiar , Nascimento Danisvânia Ripardo , Lima Neto Miguel F. De , De Assis Ernando Igo T. , Figueira Ciro Siqueira , Silva José Roberto Viana 
Published: August 2023

SummaryOne of the prominent peculiarities of nanoparticles (NPs) is their ability to cross biological barriers. Therefore, the development of NPs with different properties has great therapeutic potential in the area of reproduction because the association of drugs, hormones and other compounds with NPs represents an alternative for delivering substances directly at a specific site and for treatment of reproductive problems. Additionally, lipid-based NPs can be taken up by the tissues of patients with ovarian failure, deep endometriosis, testicular dysfunctions, etc., opening up new perspectives for the treatment of these diseases. The development of nanomaterials with specific size, shape, ligand density and charge certainly will contribute to the next generation of therapies to solve fertility problems in humans. Therefore, this review discusses the potential of NPs to treat reproductive disorders, as well as to regulate the levels of the associated hormones. The possible limitations of the clinical use of NPs are also highlighted.