bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of observed feeding practices of infants and young children aged 6–23 months to national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka
Authors: Schwendler Teresa R. , Rowel Dhammica , Abdulloeva Safina , Jayawickrama Hiranya , de Silva Chithramalee , Romano Olivia , Senarath Upul , Kodish Stephen R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo describe the extent to which Sri Lankan caregivers follow current national responsive feeding recommendations and the factors limiting and enabling those behaviours. Study design. This ethnographic substudy was conducted using a four‐phase, mixed methods formative research design across rural, estate and urban sectors of Sri Lanka. Data collection methods. Data were collected using direct meal observations and semistructured interviews. Participants including infants and young children aged 6–23 months (n = 72), community leaders (n = 10), caregivers (n = 58) and community members (n = 37) were purposefully sampled to participate in this study. Data analysis. Observational data were summarized using descriptive statistics while textual data were analysed thematically using Dedoose. Findings were then interpreted vis‐à‐vis six national responsive feeding recommendations. During observed feeding episodes, caregivers were responsive to nearly all food requests (87.2% [34/39]) made by infants and young children. Many caregivers (61.1% [44/72]) also positively encouraged their infant and young child during feeding. Despite some responsive feeding practices being observed, 36.1% (22/61) of caregivers across sectors used forceful feeding practices if their infant or young child refused to eat. Interviews data indicated that force‐feeding practices were used because caregivers wanted their infants and young children to maintain adequate weight gain for fear of reprimand from Public Health Midwives. Despite overall high caregiver knowledge of national responsive feeding recommendations in Sri Lanka, direct observations revealed suboptimal responsive feeding practices, suggesting that other factors in the knowledge‐behaviour gap may need to be addressed.
Gene regulatory changes underlie developmental plasticity in respiration and aerobic performance in highland deer mice
Authors: Schweizer Rena M. , Ivy Catherine M. , Natarajan Chandrasekhar , Scott Graham R. , Storz Jay F. , Cheviron Zachary A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity can play an important role in the ability of animals to tolerate environmental stress, but the nature and magnitude of plastic responses are often specific to the developmental timing of exposure. Here, we examine changes in gene expression in the diaphragm of highland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in response to hypoxia exposure at different stages of development. In highland deer mice, developmental plasticity in diaphragm function may mediate changes in several respiratory traits that influence aerobic metabolism and performance under hypoxia. We generated RNAseq data from diaphragm tissue of adult deer mice exposed to (1) life‐long hypoxia (before conception to adulthood), (2) post‐natal hypoxia (birth to adulthood), (3) adult hypoxia (6–8 weeks only during adulthood) or (4) normoxia. We found five suites of co‐regulated genes that are differentially expressed in response to hypoxia, but the patterns of differential expression depend on the developmental timing of exposure. We also identified four transcriptional modules that are associated with important respiratory traits. Many of the genes in these transcriptional modules bear signatures of altitude‐related selection, providing an indirect line of evidence that observed changes in gene expression may be adaptive in hypoxic environments. Our results demonstrate the importance of developmental stage in determining the phenotypic response to environmental stressors.
The kidney failure risk equation predicts kidney failure: Validation in an Australian cohort
Authors: Irish Georgina L. , Cuthbertson Laura , Kitsos Alex , Saunder Tim , Clayton Philip A. , Jose Matthew D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsPredicting progression to kidney failure for patients with chronic kidney disease is essential for patient and clinicians' management decisions, patient prognosis, and service planning. The Tangri et al Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to predict the outcome of kidney failure. The KFRE has not been independently validated in an Australian Cohort.MethodsUsing data linkage of the Tasmanian Chronic Kidney Disease study (CKD.TASlink) and the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), we externally validated the KFRE. We validated the 4, 6, and 8‐variable KFRE at both 2 and 5 years. We assessed model fit (goodness of fit), discrimination (Harell's C statistic), and calibration (observed vs predicted survival).ResultsThere were 18 170 in the cohort with 12 861 participants with 2 years and 8182 with 5 years outcomes. Of these 2607 people died and 285 progressed to kidney replacement therapy. The KFRE has excellent discrimination with C statistics of 0.96–0.98 at 2 years and 0.95–0.96 at 5 years. The calibration was adequate with well‐performing Brier scores (0.004–0.01 at 2 years, 0.01–0.03 at 5 years) however the calibration curves, whilst adequate, indicate that predicted outcomes are systematically worse than observed.ConclusionThis external validation study demonstrates the KFRE performs well in an Australian population and can be used by clinicians and service planners for individualised risk prediction.
People with dry age‐related macular degeneration; views on certification of vision impairment in a primary care setting: An explorative qualitative study
Authors: Bartlett Rebecca , Davies Heather 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeEvidence supports the clinical decision‐making ability of primary care optometrists with additional qualifications in the identification of eligibility criteria for the certification of vision impairment (CVI). Welsh Government policy is driving pathway change to enable these optometrists to perform CVI. This qualitative study explores the views of people with VI due to dry age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) on this pathway change.MethodsNine people with VI due to dry AMD, attending Macular Society support groups, participated. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed concurrently using thematic analysis.ResultsFive major themes were identified: (1) living with dry AMD, (2) experience of eye care provision, (3) knowledge of CVI, (4) provision of information and (5) CVI in primary care. Participants consistently highlighted the need for the provision of accessible information regarding the certification pathway, dry AMD and the optometrist's role in the provision of eye health care. Information needs to be available prior to the diagnosis of an eye disease, rather than only from the point of diagnosis or where the vision reaches the level required for certification.ConclusionThe findings support the provision of CVI within primary eye care while highlighting areas of importance in pathway development. These include the provision of accessible information prior to, at the point of and following the diagnosis of an eye condition. Information provided needs to extend to the awareness of the role of the optometrist in the provision of eye care, and public health awareness of modifiable risk factors, which will influence the possibility of disease development in later life. The findings provide information that will be useful to those responsible for the provision of CVI within primary care.
Changes in visual function and optical and tear film quality in computer users
Authors: Talens‐Estarelles Cristian , Mechó‐García María , McAlinden Colm , Cerviño Alejandro , García‐Lázaro Santiago , González‐Méijome José Manuel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess changes in visual function and optical and tear film quality in computer users.MethodsForty computer workers and 40 controls were evaluated at the beginning and end of a working day. Symptoms were assessed using the Quality of Vision questionnaire (QoV), 5‐item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye version II (SANDE II). Tear film quality was evaluated using the Medmont E300 dynamic corneal topography tool to measure the tear film surface quality (TFSQ), TFSQ area and auto tear break‐up time (TBUT). Optical quality was assessed by measuring high, low and total ocular aberrations with a Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensor. Visual performance was assessed by measuring photopic and mesopic visual acuity, photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity and light disturbance.ResultsPoorer DEQ‐5, QoV and SANDE II scores were obtained in computer workers at the end of the working day compared with controls (p ≤ 0.02). Computer workers exhibited a higher (worse) TFSQ and TFSQ area at visit 2 compared with visit 1 (p ≤ 0.04), while no significant differences in TBUT (p = 0.19) or ocular aberrations were observed (p ≥ 0.09). Additionally, both light disturbance (p ≤ 0.04) and mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity worsened at several spatial frequencies (p ≤ 0.04) throughout the working day in computer workers, while visual acuity remained unchanged (p ≥ 0.07). In contrast, control subjects exhibited no decrease in any variable during the day.ConclusionsWhile visual acuity remained unchanged, several aspects of visual function and quality of vision decreased over a day of computer use. These changes were accompanied by greater dry eye symptoms and tear film changes, which are likely to have played a fundamental role. The present study provides insight into new metrics to assess digital eye strain.
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly‐assisted identification of Mi‐9 gene in Solanum arcanum accession LA2157, conferring heat‐stable resistance to Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Jiang Lijun , Ling Jian , Zhao Jianlong , Yang Yu , Yang Yuhong , Li Yan , Jiao Yang , Mao Zhenchuan , Wang Yunsheng , Xie Bingyan 
Published: April 2023

SummaryRoot‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are infamous plant pathogens in tomato production, causing considerable losses in agriculture worldwide. Mi‐1 is the only commercially available RKN‐resistance gene; however, the resistance is inactivated when the soil temperature is over 28 °C. Mi‐9 in wild tomato (Solanum arcanum LA2157) has stable resistance to RKNs under high temperature but has not been cloned and applied. In this study, a chromosome‐scale genome assembly of S. arcanum LA2157 was constructed through Nanopore and Hi‐C sequencing. Based on molecular markers of Mi‐9 and comparative genomic analysis, the localization region and candidate Mi‐9 genes cluster consisting of seven nucleotide‐binding sites and leucine‐rich repeat (NBS‐LRR) genes were located. Transcriptional expression profiles confirmed that five of the seven candidate genes were expressed in root tissue. Moreover, virus‐induced gene silencing of the Sarc_034200 gene resulted in increased susceptibility of S. arcanum LA2157 to Meloidogyne incognita, and genetic transformation of the Sarc_034200 gene in susceptible Solanum pimpinellifolium conferred significant resistance to M. incognita at 25 °C and 30 °C and showed hypersensitive responses at nematode infection sites. This suggested that Sarc_034200 is the Mi‐9 gene. In summary, we cloned, confirmed and applied the heat‐stable RKN‐resistance gene Mi‐9, which is of great significance to tomato breeding for nematode resistance.
Disseminated Blastomycosis in an African American immunocompetent pediatric patient: Lessons learned
Authors: Montoya Liliana , Dani Advika , Ostdiek Scott , Carpentieri David , Andrews Israel D. , Price Harper , Gildenstern Vanessa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDisseminated blastomycosis can be challenging to diagnose given possible involvement of nearly any extrapulmonary organ system and the limitations of fungal diagnostic testing. Certain racial groups are at increased risk of disseminated fungal infections, even in immunocompetent patients. We describe a case of disseminated blastomycosis with cutaneous involvement in an African American adolescent with delayed diagnosis. Dermatologists can play an important role in the timely diagnosis of this disease entity by performing appropriate cutaneous biopsy techniques and should be involved early in these cases.
Human immune response against filarial HSP70 and its role in the diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Ahmad Faiyaz , Liebau Eva , Rathaur Sushma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA sensitive and specific diagnostic kit is crucial for the detection of human lymphatic filariasis at the early stage of infection as the existing diagnostic tools are inefficient and expensive. In the present study, we have cloned and expressed Brugia malayi HSP70 (BmHSP70) protein and characterized it as a potential antigen for diagnosis of the asymptomatic microfilariae stage of Wuchereria. bancrofti infection using ELISA, western blot, and bioinformatics tools. The antigenic efficacy of BmHSP70 was also compared with ScHSP70. The BmHSP70 and ScHSP70 peptide showed highly antigenic in nature and they showed immunogenic cross‐reactivity endemic normal (EN) < chronic (CH) < microfilaraemic (MF) in IgG, IgG1, and IgG4 ELISA. IgG4‐specific immunoblotting of BmHSP70 with MF sera further explicated its stage‐specific antigenic cross‐reactivity. These antigens (ScHSP70 and BmHSP70) showed a positive immunogenic correlation with the number of MF in blood samples. Thus, proposing BmHSP70 as a potential immunodiagnostic antigen against lymphatic filariasis. A triplet of GGMP tetrapeptide specific to the filarial HSP70 was also identified which was absent in human HSP70. In terms of sensitivity and specificity of antigens, these results suggest that recombinant BmHSP70 is a good antigen and could be used to diagnose early‐stage of microfilariae infection.
Picking winners: Diversification through portfolio optimization
Authors: Liu Ju , Liu Changchun , Teo Chung Piaw 
Published: April 2023

We develop a general framework for selecting a small pool of candidate solutions to maximize the chances that one will be optimal for a combinatorial optimization problem, under a linear and additive random payoff function. We formulate this problem using a two‐stage distributionally robust model, with a mixed 0–1 semidefinite program. This approach allows us to exploit the “diversification” effect inherent in the problem to address how different candidate solutions can be selected to improve the chances that one will attain a high ex post payoff. More interestingly, using this distributionally robust optimization approach, our model recovers the “evil twin” strategy, well known in the field of football pool betting, under appropriate settings. We also address the computational challenges of scaling up our approach to construct a moderate number of candidate solutions to increase the chances of finding one that performs well. To this end, we develop a sequential optimization approach based on a compact semidefinite programming reformulation of the problem. Extensive numerical results show the superiority of our approach over existing methods.
The impact of a videoconferencing‐ımplemented program on older adults' psychosocial health in the COVID‐19 pandemic: an experimental study
Authors: Yavuz Cemil , Şahin Sevnaz 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundSocial distancing and ‘stay‐at‐home’ orders are essential to contain the coronavirus outbreak; however, it has affected older adults very negatively psychosocially. The present study explored the impact of a videoconferencing‐implemented program on older adults' psychosocial health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe carried out this experimental research with pretest‐posttest and control groups between November 02 to December 26, 2020 on individuals aged 60 years and over who were enrolled at Fethiye Refreshment University (60+ FRU). While the intervention group consisted of 40 people, we recruited 52 participants in the control group. Unlike the control group, the intervention group participated in a structured videoconferencing program held there days a week for 8 weeks. We collected the data using the Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21), and the Loneliness Scale for Elderly (LSE). The data were then analysed on the SPSS 22.0 program.ResultsThe participants had a mean age of 66.13 ± 5.13 years; 65.2% were females, 58.7% were married, 55.4% held a university degree and 93.5% had a regular income. Following the intervention, we found the experimental group to have significantly a lower posttest FCV‐19S score (p < 0.05) and a higher posttest MSPS score than the control group (p < 0.05). Besides, the experimental group had significantly lower posttest scores on the DASS‐21 and the anxiety and stress subscales than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the posttest score of the experiential group on the emotional loneliness subscale (LSE) was found to be significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05); nevertheless, we could not conclude significant differences between the groups’ pretest and posttest LSE scores and their scores on the other LSE subscales (p > 0.05).ConclusionOverall, the videoconferencing program was found to be efficient in providing older adults with psychosocial support amid social isolation.
The Ethical Triage Dilemma: Who Should Receive Medical Care First; Is This the Right Question?
Authors: Ferrara Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn 2020, with the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic, academics and scientists began to question the triage criteria for allocating insufficient healthcare resources, trying to ethically justify the answer to the question, Who should receive medical care first? In this article, I will argue that even if we apply triage criteria, we won't be able to avoid the violation of human dignity or of the right to life and to health care. I will then suggest that, maybe, the real ethical triage dilemma lies not in the question, Who should receive medical care first? but in the question, How are we to decide who should receive medical care first?
The New Development Bank and the structure of the multilateral development financial system
Authors: Ye Fang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of the New Development Bank (NDB) on the structure of the multilateral development financial system, using social network analysis. The findings show that some emerging economies have been significantly affected by establishment of the NDB, whereas developed countries still dominate. Although the influence of BRICS countries has increased, they still play a relatively weak role. Further analyses examine the influence of the NDB's expansion; developed countries and most BRICS countries are not affected, and the rankings of some entry countries has increased whereas that of non‐entry countries with nondominant power has decreased.
The Empire of Women: Rousseau on Domination and Sexuality
Authors: Watson Lori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJean‐Jacques Rousseau's works are often a touchstone and inspiration for many when it comes to thinking carefully about domination. We find Rousseau‐inspired analyses across a wide range of political theories centering the concept of domination, from republicanism, liberalism, and Marxism to critical theory, feminisms, and beyond. This article aims to raise questions about a powerful, prevailing, and compelling reading of Rousseau's conception of domination. Beyond that, I hope to offer further insight into the components of his view of domination by centering his account of sexuality as a domination/subordination relation. Ultimately, I suggest that Rousseau's considered view is that domination is a matter of being in a dependency relation. In other words, to be dependent upon others (whether a particular other or group of others) is sufficient for being dominated. However, not all domination relations are illegitimate. Both sexuality and the specific case of forming a social compact are sites of domination relations that can be rendered legitimate under certain conditions.
Effects of reducing sedentary behavior on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with metabolic syndrome: A 6‐month RCT
Authors: Norha Jooa , Sjöros Tanja , Garthwaite Taru , Laine Saara , Saarenhovi Maria , Kallio Petri , Laitinen Kirsi , Houttu Noora , Vähä‐Ypyä Henri , Sievänen Harri , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Vasankari Tommi , Knuuti Juhani , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Heinonen Ilkka H. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPoor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with adverse health outcomes. Previous observational and cross‐sectional studies have suggested that reducing sedentary behavior (SB) might improve CRF. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a 6‐month intervention of reducing SB on CRF in 64 sedentary inactive adults with metabolic syndrome in a non‐blind randomized controlled trial.Materials and MethodsIn the intervention group (INT, n = 33), the aim was to reduce SB by 1 h/day for 6 months without increasing exercise training. Control group (CON, n = 31) was instructed to maintain their habitual SB and physical activity. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured by maximal graded bicycle ergometer test with respiratory gas measurements. Physical activity and SB were measured during the whole intervention using accelerometers.ResultsReduction in SB did not improve VO2max statistically significantly (group × time p > 0.05). Maximal absolute power output (Wmax) did not improve significantly but increased in INT compared to CON when scaled to fat free mass (FFM) (at 6 months INT 1.54 [95% CI: 1.41, 1.67] vs. CON 1.45 [1.32, 1.59] Wmax/kgFFM, p = 0.036). Finally, the changes in daily step count correlated positively with the changes in VO2max scaled to body mass and FFM (r = 0.31 and 0.30, respectively, p < 0.05).DiscussionReducing SB without adding exercise training does not seem to improve VO2max in adults with metabolic syndrome. However, succeeding in increasing daily step count may increase VO2max.
INVESTIGATING THE COMPARISON OF SHIP RESISTANCE COMPONENTS BETWEEN U AND V-SHAPED HULLS
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Luqman , Tuswan Tuswan , Firdaus Ahmad , Mursid Ocid 
Published: April 2023

The selection of a hull design with minimal drag is an important effort to reduce emission levels on ships. Two different hull shapes, U and V hulls, have unique properties that affect their drag production, which has been studied extensively in the past. This study aims to re-examine the differences between the two hull types by conducting a simple analysis of drag prediction results using empirical and numerical slender body methods. Both hull models in this study have the same size and volume. The results indicate that the U hull has a higher frictional resistance ( ) than the V hull due to its wider wetted surface area ( ). Additionally, the viscous pressure resistance ( ) and form factor coefficient ( ) of the U hull are also higher than those of the V hull. However, for Froude numbers (Fr) above 0.245, the U hull has lower wave resistance ( ) than the V hull, whereas for Fr below 0.245, the U hull has higher . Overall, the U hull produces a higher total resistance ( ) than the V hull at low speeds, but a lower at high speeds. Therefore, the choice of hull shape for minimizing a ship's resistance is influenced by the desired speed of service. If Fr is low, below 0.24, a V-shaped hull is more suitable. However, if Fr is higher than 0.24, a U-shaped hull is more appropriate.