bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iurisdictio in Practice
Authors: Zenobi Luca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter lays the foundations for the remainder of the book. It does so by outlining the ideas which shaped people’s attitudes towards territoriality, thus guiding the politics of space. Reading a variety of public records in the light of intellectual treatises, the chapter traces these ideas to the work of medieval jurists and highlights their underpinning of a shared territorial culture, one based on the notion of iurisdictio. It then shows how the polities of the time employed a jurisdictional discourse to legitimize their authority, while also framing the coexistence of semi-autonomous communities within their territories—all equipped with their own borders: from townships and city-republics to small villages and large federations. The chapter argues that this reflected a contingent understanding of power over space, one that saw all territories (and their borders) as fundamentally modular, composite, and non-exclusive.
Conclusion
Authors: Zenobi Luca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Conclusion draws out the significance of the book’s findings for three broad fields. The first is the history of medieval borders. These are often judged by modern standards, which inevitably leads to their characterization as muddled lines surrounding the territories of inattentive polities. In the case of medieval Italy, however, borders are shown to have been widely understood, carefully located, and strictly controlled—just not in the way in which we understand, locate, and control borders today. The second field is the study of human territoriality. By investigating the contingent nature of borders—and that of the territories they bounded—in the context of the politics and culture that shaped them, a new understanding of pre-modern forms of territorial control is gained. This reveals that, like power, territoriality not only took many forms but was also constantly challenged and reimagined at different levels and by a variety of actors. The third field concerns the process of state formation. In Italy, this is typically associated with the rise of a number of large polities, also known as regional or territorial states. The book concludes that these polities might be best understood not as territories themselves but as networks: systems of territories whose enduring boundaries would continue to frame political and social life for years to come.
The Normativity of Aesthetics
Authors: Hills Alison 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The “default” view of aesthetics is that it is a domain of value, as works of art, for instance, can be good or bad and so can our reactions to them. But the default view is also that there are great differences between moral normativity and aesthetic normativity. This chapter considers three aspects of normativity: norms or rules, virtues, and obligations. The chapter argues against the default view, by showing that there are genuine aesthetic norms or rules, aesthetic virtues, and aesthetic obligations. They are aesthetic in virtue of their connection to aesthetic values, and they have a similar force to moral norms, virtues, and obligations. So there is no deep or fundamental distinction between moral and aesthetic normativity.
Robust Ontology
Authors: Ingram Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There are three broad ways to flesh out the commitment to stance-independent, categorical, and non-natural moral normativity. These are expressivistic quasi-realism, relaxed realism (also known as quietism), and robust realism. After explaining the similarities and differences between these three interpretations of moral realism, this chapter argues that expressivistic quasi-realism falls foul of a (surprising) normative deficit charge, that relaxed realism falls foul of a privilege charge, and that robust realism is therefore our best hope of vindicating the non-arbitrariness of moral choice. It supports a ‘non-Archimedean’ view of the robustness in robust realism, and in doing so offers an explanation of moral supervenience. It concludes that a robustly realistic moral ontology shows promise as an understanding of moral reality.
Runtime Monitoring of Nonterminating Systems for Alternation-Free HyperLTL Formulas
Authors: Damanafshan Morteza , Fallah Mehran 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Runtime monitoring for a hyperproperty is aimed at discovering the relationships among the execution traces of the system under monitoring at run time so that a verdict of satisfaction or violation can be given on the system. For nonterminating systems, whose traces are of infinite length, such relationships can hardly be established as the monitor can naturally observe the prefixes of only one single running trace of the system. In order to deal with this problem, we suggest that the monitor be provided with an over-approximation of the set of possible traces of the nonterminating system, and at the same time, be able to observe the growing prefixes of a fixed number of traces produced by the same number of running copies of the system. To devise such monitors, we first introduce the concept of k-trace monitorability of a hyperproperty given an over-approximation of the system under monitoring, which essentially says it is always hoped that a verdict will be issued on the system if k growing prefixes of the traces in the given over-approximation can be observed at run time. We also propose an algorithm that takes an alternation-free HyperLTL formula together with a Kripke structure representing the given over-approximation and decides if the formula is k-trace monitorable for a given positive integer k. The idea underlying this algorithm is then used to suggest a generic runtime monitor for k-trace monitorable alternation-free HyperLTL formulas, which is a Moore machine running on the prefixes of the traces produced by k exact copies of the nonterminating system under monitoring.
Keterserapan Lulusan Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas PGRI Semarang Dalam Dunia Kerja
Authors: Sodiq Jafar , Musarokah Siti , Hawa Faiza , Setyorini Ajeng 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah melacak sebaran kerja, masa tunggu lulusan dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan, dan besaran pendapatan atau gaji yang diperoleh oleh lulusan selama sebulan. Data dari penelitian ini diambil melalui kuesioner online yang disebarkan ke lulusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris UPGRIS tahun 2018-2020 melalui whatsapp grup dan menggunakan reminder berupa telepon secara personal untuk pengisian kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 51% lulusan terserap kedalam dunia kerja dan bekerja sebagai guru bahasa Inggris baik disekolah negeri, swasta, madrasah maupun di pondok pesantren. Sedangkan 41% lulusan bekerja pada sektor swasta, pada perusahaan jasa dan manufaktur, dan menjadi wiraswasta mandiri yang berkecimpung pada penjualan dan start up online. Untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan, 60 % lulusan memerlukan kisaran waktu sebanyak 1-3 bulan, 25 % lulusan menunggu selama 3-6 bulan, 10% lulusan menunggu selama 6-12 bulan dan hanya 5 % lulusan yang mendapatkan pekerjaan setelah lebih dari setahun lulus. Sayangnya, para lulusan tersebut masih menerima gaji atau mendapatkan penghasilan sebanyak 1-3 juta saja per bulan (46%), 3-5 juta perbulan sebanyak 39%, 5-7.5 juta sebanyak 4%, dan hanya 11% yang mendapatkan gaji 7.5 -10 juta per bulan. Meskipun demikian, dengan melihat sebaran jenis pekerjaan yang digeluti oleh lulusan, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa profil prodi untuk menghasilkan guru bahasa Inggris yang cakap dan entrepreneur sudah tercapai melalui lulusan, dan kurikulum yang terapkan prodi dalam proses pengajaran sudah relevan dengan tuntutan dunia kerja.
Dental practitioner’s awareness and practices of pre procedural mouth rinse amidst COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bushra Irum  , Rubina Tasleem  , Fahimullah Fahimullah , Baakhtawar Bakhtawar mumtaz , Atika Atika sagheer 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To assess participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in regards to use of pre procedural mouth rinse during COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: This survey was conducted on 254 participants (consultant, general practitioner, and post graduate trainees). The questionnaire contained demographic information followed by 21 questions related to basic knowledge about cross infection in dental offices, the practices and attitudes of dental practitioners about pre procedural mouth rinse and any change in selection of mouth washes due to COVID-19. The survey was distributed among consultants, post graduate trainees and general practitioners of various dental institutes and hospitals as well as private practitioners across Pakistan. Descriptive statistics were calculated and chi-square test was applied for comparison.
Results: Among the participants who responded females (n=196, 77.17%) were more common than males (n= 58, 22.83%). The majority of participants were post graduate trainees (n=150, 59.06%) followed by general practitioners and consultants (n=52, 20.47%). The common place of practice was government set up (n=150, 59.06%). Above 50% participants reported that mouth washes have promising results in prevention of cross infection in transmission of COVID-19. Most of respondents reported that for around 10 minutes the aerosols remain suspended in the air (35.43%) followed by 5 minutes (29.53%). About 31.89% responded that 0.2% povidone iodine is recommended by ADA and CDC for prevention of COVID-19 transmission. The common source of highest levels of bioaerosols was ultrasonic scaling (75.59%) and cavity preparation (21.26%).
Conclusion: Dental practitioners are not up to date in knowledge regarding COVID-19 transmission and prevention in dental practices. Proper training and education is needed to be provided to update their knowledge and practices for professional development.
Gambaran Resiko Terular Covid-19 pada masyarakat di Desa Sibohou II Kecamatan Alasa Nias Utara Tahun 2021
Authors: Barus Mardiati , Puji Astuti Maria , Mendrofa Yuliria , Martini Sri 
Published: July 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Penularan Covid-19 di Indonesia berlangsung sangat cepat dan mengenai 34 provinsi, bahkan banyak provinsi yang menjadi zona merah. Nias Utara sendiri termasuk kedalam provinsi dengan penularan Covid-19 yang sangat cepat. Pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19 sangatlah penting untuk dapat mengurangi resiko tertular antara sesama masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Gambaran Resiko Tertular covid -19 pada masyarakat Desa sibohou II kec.Alasa Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik, dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 90 responden yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gambaran resiko tertular covid -19 pada masyarakat di Desa Sibohou adalah tergolong kategori resiko sedang yaitu sebanyak 48 responden (53,3%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di Desa sibohou II kec.Alasa Nias Utara termasuk cukup rentan tertular covid-19. Mayoritas sampel adalah berusia antara 46-55 tahun yakni sebanyak 41 orang (45.6%). Pada umumnya sampel penelitian adalah laki-laki yakni sebanyak 68 orang (75.6%). Pada umumnya sampel penelitian bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta yakni sebanyak 29 orang (32.2%).
Uma geopolítica da exploração espacial?
Authors: Araújo Gilvan Charles Cerqueira de 
Published: July 2023

Nas últimas décadas, tem-se observado uma franca expansão dos programas de exploração espacial em diferentes países. Todos os dias, novas informações, descobertas e tecnologias são desenvolvidas, fazendo com que seja necessária uma organização sobre as orientações jurídicas, diplomáticas, científicas e éticas sobre estas questões. Neste ínterim, enquadram-se tratados como o de 1967, que visa regular estas ações de exploração espacial, contendo prerrogativas para uma possível geopolítica da exploração espacial, tão ampla quanto maiores forem as fronteiras interestelares ainda a serem ultrapassadas.
Persepsi Masyarakat Tentang Kiprah Kiai dalam Kancah Politik
Authors: Wahyudi Heri Fadli 
Published: July 2023

The legitimacy authority of kiai’s diversity it’s nothing for the Indonesian muslim communities. even for some people, the figure of kiai gets the title as a holy person, wise along with other attributes that are embedded to the kiai. Whereas lately, the picture of politics continues to be torn apart and degenerates so that you are in an uncomfortable zone, thas is a negative view of dirty world. So is there a synergistic meeting point betwen these two poles ? so that both of them can be in tune to become a single. This study aims to determine the publics of kiai, by using the type field qualitative reasearch when the reasearcher conducts reseacrh in the Somber Bentong hamlet, Karang Cempaka Village, Bluto District, Sumenep regency. to get understanding description, public percepstion and dakwah from political kiai. The techniques used in this research are observation, interview and documentation which are then analyzed by data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The conclusion of this study is that the term kiai undergoes a transformation of function that is only intended for a person with religious understanding who is considered capable. While public perception of kiai figures involved in politics practically does not result in a shift in community compliance. As well as the public's view of da'wah kiai politics remains in the optimistic space of healthy and clean politics.
STRATEGI KEBIJAKAN PHDI DALAM PENDIDIKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA BAGI WARGA HINDU DI KOTA SELONG KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR (KAJIAN MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN)
Authors: Pramana Ida Bagus Kade Yoga 
Published: July 2023

Moderasi beragama merupakan program kerja pemerintah khususnya kementerian agama yang wajib didukung oleh seluruh umat bergama dan lapisan masyarakat di Indonesia, khususnya bagi PHDI yang merupakan majelis organisasi umat Hindu Indonesia yang mengurusi kepentingan keagamaan maupun sosial di pusat maupun di daerah-daerah terpencil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan strategi kebijakan PHDI pada pendidikan moderasi beragama di Kecamatan Selong perspektif manajemen pendidikan. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini mencakup strategi pelaksanaan pendidikan moderasi beragama di Kecamatan Selong oleh PHDI Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Responden dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ketua dan pengurus PHDI Kabupaten Lombok Timur, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, ketua banjar dharma laksana kecamatan selong, penyuluh non PNS dan umat hindu dilingkungan Kecamatan Selong. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa strategi memanajemen pendidikan yang dilakukan PHDI kabupaten Lombok Timur yaitu dengan membentuk pasraman, mengunjungi kantong-kantong umat hindu dan mengadakan pertemuan rutin dengan masyarakat.
The Healthy Eating Index and oral health among adults: a cross-sectional study from an Iranian RaNCD cohort data
Authors: Mohammadi Arash , Darbandi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya , Mohebi Mahsa , Kamari Negin , Ziaei Narges , Najafi Farid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status measured by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases cohort study were analyzed. DMFT index was employed as a measurement of oral health. The HEI-2015 score was calculated based on data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into quartiles. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between HEI-2015 and DMFT. From total of 7549 participants with the mean age of 45.65 ± 7.70, 3741 of them were female (49.56%). The mean of DMFT in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 was lower than the lowest quartile (12.64 ± 7.04 vs. 14.29 ± 7.54, P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in subject who had higher socioeconomic status (SES (was significantly lower than those with low SES (P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in the lowest quartile of HEI-2015 was significantly lower than in the highest quartile, after adjusting for confounding variables (ß = − 0.11, 95% CI − 0.54, − 0.30). The increasing dairy intake (β = − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.13, − 0.03) was associated with decreasing DMFT score and increasing refined grains (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02, 0.35) and sodium (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12) intake was significantly associated with increasing DMFT score. A healthy diet was associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population. Following a healthy diet is recommended for oral health.
Coverage and Factors Related to Early Breastfeeding Initiation in Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Idris Haerawati , Ainy Asmaripa , Maulina Desri , Ermi Nurmalia 
Published: July 2023

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is an indicator to assess the degree of public health in a country. One of the efforts to reduce infant mortality is through the promotion of breastfeeding practices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the scope and determinants of IMD implementation in Nusa Tenggara. The design of this study uses a cross-sectional approach. This study analyzed secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS). The sample used in this study was women of childbearing age (15-49 years) who have given birth in the last 2 years, have their last child under 6 months old who is still alive, and live with their child with with a total of 603 respondents. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results of this study show that 70.8% of respondents carried out the Early Breastfeeding Initiation. Normal delivery has a relationship with the implementation of early breastfeeding initiation in Nusa Tenggara. Socialization and education regarding normal childbirth need to be optimized as an effort to increase early initiation of breastfeeding.
Keywords: infant; female; breast feeding; Indonesia; health survey
Aktifitas fisik mahasiswa pada masa new normal
Authors: Rahman Dally , Padli Padli , Edmizal Eval , Haryanto Jeki , Tika Deby Yuliandra 
Published: July 2023

Masalah: Masih kurangnya aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa menjadi suatu fenomena yang harus diperhatikan karena jika hal ini terus berlanjut maka Kesehatan mereka akan menjadi kurang baik.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan meotde deskriptif, sejumlah 138 orang mahasiswa diminta untuk menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan angket kepada seluruh sampel yang ada. Setelah seluruh data terkumpul maka data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistif deskriptif.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aktifitas fisik yang sering dilakukan oleh mahasiswa adalah bermain sepakbola, jogging, dan bermain futsal, para mahasiswa melakukan olahraga rata-rata 3 kali dalam seminggu dengan durasi rata-rata 1 jam. Mereka juga lebih suka memilih lapangan kampus dan lapangan olahraga yang dekat dengan rumah mereka sebagai tempat untuk berolahraga
Kesimpulan: Aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa sudah dapat dikatakan baik karena tidak ada mahasiswa yang tidak melakukan olahraga,namun untuk sampai ketahap bugar mereka harus dapat meningkatkan frekuensi dan durasi olahraga yang mereka lakukan kedepannya.
EVALUASI SISTEM DRAINASE
Authors: Ade putri Dika Meila , Prawati Eri 
Published: July 2023

Evaluasi kinerja sistem drainase dilakukan dengan membandingkan debit yang masuk dan kapasitas tampang saluran. Dalam analisis ini debit rencana diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis hidrologi debit banjir kala ulang 5 tahunan. Analisis hidrolika kapasitas tampang saluran dengan menggunakan persamaan Manning. Dari analisis dan pembahasan diperoleh hasil bahwa kapasitas saluran drainase 9 dari 10 saluran tersebut tidak memenuhi terhadap debit rencana. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh penyempitan saluran akibat sedimentasi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan redesain saluran dimasing-masing saluran eksisting yang tidak mampu menampung debit. Sedangkan untuk saluran yang masih mampu menampung aliran maka perlu dilakukannya normalisasi dengan cara pengerukan dan pemeliharaan/pembersihan secara berkala sehingga perlu pelebaran saluran.
Mangrove Literacy House Library: A Social Inclusion-Based Library in the Environment and Sustainability Sector
Authors: Suryadin Asyraf , Amalia Runi Alcitra , Kusuma Arja 
Published: July 2023

Libraries are essential in educating people about sustainability and environmental issues, particularly in preserving East Belitung's mangrove ecosystems. The goal of this study is to determine how the Mangrove Literacy House Library, which the Peat and Mangrove Restoration Agency established in collaboration with the Environmental Council of Muhammadiyah Central Executive, has changed into a library that emphasizes social inclusion in the areas of environment and sustainability, particularly concerning the preservation of mangrove ecosystems. This qualitative descriptive study data is gathered through interviews, observation, and documentation and is then analyzed using Miles and Huberman's models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the RLM library works in partnership with the Sayang Kampong Farmers Group to increase public awareness of environmental issues and sustainability, particularly concerning the preservation of the mangrove ecosystems of East Belitung. Through this partnership, students learn about the environment and sustainability through reading activities at the RLM Library and hands-on experiences at the Sayang Kampong Farmers Group. Students can even put their knowledge of mangrove ecosystems they have learned about in the RLM Library into practice for the Sayang Kampong Farmers Group, making the RLM Library a library based on social inclusion in the environment and sustainability.
KEEFEKTIFAN PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATERI SATUAN WAKTU PADA SISWA KELAS II SEMESTER II SD N 2 SUMBERSARI
Authors: Muhaimin Fajar Adi , Fajriyah Khusnul , Saputro Bagus Ardi 
Published: July 2023

Penerapan pembelajaran matematika di SD sangat terkait dalam kehidupan sehari-hari merupakan dasar untuk dikuasai setiap anak agar mampu mengetahui, memahami, dan menerapkan konsep dari materi sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak. Saat ini, pembelajaran berpusat pada guru, penggunaan model pembelajaran kurang tepat, belum menggunakan model pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, dan inovatif sehingga semua siswa belum terlibat langsung dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, kurangnya perhatian siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran yang diajarkan, siswa belum berani bertanya terhadap materi yang kurang jelas, mengakibatkan kurangnya hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) terhadap hasil pembelajaran materi tentang satuan waktu pada siswa kelas II Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Sumbersari semester II Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan model One Group Pretest Posttest Design. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas II materi satuan waktu di SDN 2 Sumbersari mencapai kriteria baik. Selanjutnya, siswa diharapkan dapat mengikuti pembelajaran dengan aktif dan inovatif agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan maksimal.