bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-cigarette Price Impacts legal and Black-Market Cigarette Purchasing Under a Hypothetical Reduced-Nicotine Cigarette Standard
Authors: Dolan Sean B , Bradley Melissa K , Johnson Matthew W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The Tobacco Control Act gives the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authority to establish a reduced-nicotine content standard in combusted cigarettes. This future potential regulation may pose a significant public health benefit; however, black markets may arise to meet demand for normal-nicotine content cigarettes among smokers unwilling to transition to or use an alternative product.

Aims and Methods
We determined the behavioral-economic substitutability of illicit normal-nicotine content cigarettes and e-cigarettes for reduced-nicotine content cigarettes in a hypothetical reduced-nicotine regulatory market. Adult cigarette smokers were recruited online to complete hypothetical cigarette purchasing tasks for usual-brand cigarettes, reduced-nicotine content cigarettes, and illicit normal-nicotine content cigarettes, as well as a cross-commodity task in which reduced-nicotine content cigarettes were available across multiple prices and illicit cigarettes were concurrently available for $12/pack. Participants completed two three-item cross-commodity purchasing tasks in which e-cigarettes were available for $4/pod or $12/pod alongside reduced-nicotine content cigarettes and illicit cigarettes.

Results
Usual-brand cigarette purchasing was greater than illicit normal-nicotine content cigarettes and less than reduced-nicotine content cigarettes. In the cross-commodity purchasing tasks, illicit cigarettes and e-cigarettes both served as economic substitutes for reduced-nicotine content cigarettes; however, when e-cigarettes were available for $4/pod, they were purchased at greater levels than illicit cigarettes and resulted in greater reductions in reduced-nicotine content cigarettes purchasing than when available for $12/pod.

Conclusions
These data suggest that some smokers are willing to engage in illicit cigarette purchasing in a reduced-nicotine regulatory environment, but e-cigarette availability at lower prices may reduce black-market engagement and shift behavior away from combusted cigarette use.

Implications
E-cigarettes available at low, but not high, prices were stronger substitutes for legal, reduced-nicotine content cigarettes than illegal, normal-nicotine content cigarettes in a hypothetical reduced-nicotine tobacco market. Our findings suggest the availability of relatively inexpensive e-cigarettes may reduce illicit cigarette purchasing and combusted cigarette use under a reduced-nicotine cigarette standard.
Non-pharmacological Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in India: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Elangovan Venmathi , Rajaa Sathish 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Non-pharmacological management of tobacco cessation has been reported to yield a high level of abstinence from tobacco usage. However, it is unclear which type of non-pharmacological intervention to be adopted in national tobacco control program. Hence, we undertook this review to identify the best non-pharmacological tobacco cessation therapies for tobacco cessation.

Aims and Methods
Systematic literature search was performed in EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed Central, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Clinicaltrials.gov from 1964 until September 2022. Randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of non-pharmacological intervention for tobacco cessation in India were eligible for inclusion. Comparative intervention effect estimates obtained from network meta-analyses were represented as pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
21 studies were eligible for the analysis. More than half of the studies had high risk of bias. E-Health intervention had the highest OR (pooled OR = 9.90; 95% CI: 2.01 to 48.86) in terms of tobacco cessation rate followed by group counseling (pooled OR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.48 to 8.78) and individual counseling (pooled OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.43 to 8.25). Brief advice or self-help intervention or comparison between each of these interventions against each other (both direct and indirect network) did not yield any significant results.

Conclusions
E-Health intervention was the best intervention followed by group intervention and individual face-to-face counseling intervention for tobacco cessation in India. Nonetheless, more high-quality large-scale RCTs either individual or by combining the e-Health, individual, or group counseling interventions are required to provide conclusive evidence and subsequent adoption into the national health programs in India.

Implications
This study would aid the policymakers, clinicians, and public health researchers in choosing the right tobacco cessation therapy to be offered across various levels of the healthcare delivery system, including major health facilities providing drug therapy (ie, concurrently with pharmacological treatment for tobacco cessation) in India. The study findings can be adopted by the national tobacco control program to decide the appropriate intervention package and identify the areas of focus to perform tobacco-related research in the country.
Change of Plans: Overview of Bacterial Taxonomy, Recent Changes of Medical Importance, and Potential Areas of Impact
Authors: Prinzi Andrea M , Moore Nicholas M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The process of bacterial nomenclature change has evolved in complexity over time and continues to be an iterative process that is not without challenges. The importance and feasibility of such changes varies between basic researchers, clinical microbiologists, and clinicians. In recent years, clinically-relevant changes have been made across gram-positive and gram-negative organism groups, as well as the mycobacteria. Updated clinical laboratory accreditation requirements state that clinical laboratories must update their reporting practices in the case of clinically-relevant nomenclature changes. These updates may significantly impact various sectors of healthcare including antimicrobial stewardship, laboratory protocols, and infection prevention procedures and policies. While regularly updating bacterial nomenclature aims to improve the accuracy and consistency of our microbial language, the potential impact of such changes must be considered.
Firm-Level Exposure to Epidemic Diseases: COVID-19, SARS, and H1N1
Authors: Hassan Tarek A , Hollander Stephan , van Lent Laurence , Schwedeler Markus , Tahoun Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We construct text-based measures of the primary concerns listed firms associated with the spread of COVID-19 and other epidemic diseases. We identify which firms perceive to lose or gain from a given epidemic and textually decompose the epidemic’s effect on the firm’s demand and supply. We find that the effects of COVID-19 manifest as a simultaneous shock to demand and supply, with both shocks affecting firms’ market valuations in equal measure on average. By contrast, demand-related impacts appear more important in accounting for the observed collapse in firm-level investment during the COVID-19 crisis.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Turning the Spotlight on Apathy: Identification and Treatment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Lyngstad Siv Hege , Lyne John Paul , Ihler Henrik Myhre , van der Meer Lisette , Færden Ann , Melle Ingrid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Among negative symptoms, apathy is central to the impairments in real-life functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Thus, optimizing treatment for apathy appears key to improve outcomes. In treatment research, however, negative symptoms are typically studied as a unifactorial construct. We, therefore, aim to shed necessary light on the status of apathy identification and treatment in SSD.
University students’ diurnal learning-directed behavior is strongly influenced by school start times with implications for grades
Authors: Yeo Sing Chen , Yabuki Hana , Charoenthammanon Rachel S , Gooley Joshua J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
School start times impose constraints on sleep–wake timing that may influence academic achievement. We used large university archived datasets to test the hypothesis that larger differences in timing of students’ diurnal learning behavior on school days relative to non-school days would be associated with lower grades.

Methods
Diurnal learning-directed behavior was examined in 33 645 university students by analyzing their learning management system (LMS) login rhythm. We tested the associations between the phase-difference in students’ behavioral rhythm on school days versus non-school days with grade point average, LMS-login phase on non-school days (LMS-login chronotype), and school start time. We also tested the chronotype-dependent effects of school start times on diurnal behavior to determine whether students obtained better course grades when their first class of the day was in synch with their LMS-login chronotype.

Results
Students whose LMS-login rhythm was more than 2 hours earlier on school days had significantly lower grades than their peers. The change in LMS-login phase was larger in students with a later LMS-login chronotype and for earlier school start times. Minimal changes in LMS-login phase and higher course grades were observed when students’ first class of the day was aligned with their LMS-login chronotype.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that school start times have a profound impact on students’ diurnal learning behavior with implications for grades. Universities can potentially improve learning by starting school later to minimize differences in diurnal learning behavior between school days and non-school days.
Low-complexity model predictive control of a four-level active neutral point clamped inverter without weighting factors
Authors: Xiang Chaoqun , Fan Ziyin , Jiang Songyang , Zhang Xinan , Cheng Shu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The four-level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) inverter has become increasingly widely used in the renewable energy industry since it offers one more voltage level without increasing the total number of active switches compared to the three-level ANPC inverter. The model predictive current control (MPCC) is a promising control method for multi-level inverters. However, the conventional MPCC suffers from high computational complexity and tedious weighting factor tuning in multi-level inverter applications. A low-complexity MPCC without weighting factors for a four-level ANPC inverter is proposed in this paper. The computational burden and voltage vector candidate set are reduced according to the relationship between voltage vector and neutral point voltage balance. The proposed MPCC shows excellent steady-state and dynamics performances while ensuring the neutral point voltage balancing. The efficacy of the proposed MPCC is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Secondary Analysis of Agreement Between Negative Timeline Follow Back Report and Negative Urine Toxicology in a Large Trial of Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Shulman Matisyahu , Choo Tse-Hwei , Scodes Jennifer , Pavlicova Martina , Novo Patricia , Campbell Aimee N.C. , Greiner Miranda , Lee Joshua D. , Rotrosen John , Nunes Edward V. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
Timeline follow-back (TLFB) is a self-report measure commonly used as a method of assessing historical drug use in both clinical and research settings. Our study considered rates of agreement between TLFB and an objective biological assay of opioid use.

Methods
We calculated the rates of agreement between negative report of opioid use for the most recent 8 days on TLFB and urine toxicology (UTOX) results in a large multisite opioid use disorder treatment trial.

Results
In total, 3986 assessments were provided by trial participants with both UTOX and TLFB during weeks 1 to 12, 2716 during weeks 13 to 24, and 325 at week 28. Rates of disagreement between negative TLFB and positive opioid UTOX were 2.33% of all assessments (21.68% of those with positive UTOX) over weeks 1 to 12, 2.06% of all assessment (25.00% of those with positive UTOX) over weeks 13 to 24, and 9.85% of all assessments (26.02% of those with positive UTOX) at week 28.

Conclusions
Negative TLFB seems to be generally associated with negative results on urine toxicology.
Reconstructive Surgery for the Neglected Tropical Diseases: Global Gaps and Future Directions
Authors: Pham Kala T. , Hotez Peter J. , Hamilton Kristy L. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are highly disfiguring, particularly those in resource-poor countries that lack access to basic surgery. There has been a push to integrate surgery into treatment programs for NTDs. In this article, we provide an overview of the major disfiguring NTDs and discuss the processes and barriers that impede access to reconstructive surgical treatments or their integration into health systems.

Methods:
A review of the literature was conducted using the online database PubMed, from 2008 to 2021 with the specific diseases listed as NTDs either on the World Health Organization or the PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease websites. Reference lists of identified articles and reviews were also searched, as were databases from the World Health Organization’s Weekly Epidemiological Record.

Result:
Success in the surgical treatment and postoperative care of disfiguring NTDs would benefit from standardization and harmonization of surgical approaches and procedures. In some settings, reconstructive surgery should be used cautiously, emphasizing appropriate use of antibiotics, partnerships with global and local surgical teams, and local capacity building. Preventative hygiene approaches remain paramount in resource-poor areas.

Conclusions:
Surgery is a promising treatment for NTDs that result in disfigurement and disability. The expansion of local capacity building, with medical trips and surgical training of local health workers, together with the development of universal surgical protocols remain essential cornerstones for NTD reconstructive surgery. Antibiotics and drug management should comprise key first steps before turning to surgery.
Monitoring antihypertensive drug concentrations to determine nonadherence in hypertensive patients with or without a kidney transplant
Authors: Peeters Laura E.J. , Hesselink Dennis A. , Lafeber Melvin , Severs David , van den Hoogen Martijn W.F. , Sonneveld Michelle A.H. , Ramakers Christian R.B. , Bahmany Soma , van Gelder Teun , Koch Birgit C.P. , Versmissen Jorie 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs (AHDs) is a major contributor to pseudo-resistant hypertension. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nonadherence to AHDs among patients visiting the nephrology and vascular outpatient clinics.

Methods:
Patients were eligible to participate in this prospective observational study if they used at least two AHDs that could be measured with a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method and had an office blood pressure at least 140 and/or at least 90 mmHg. For resistant hypertension, included patients had to use at least three AHDs including a diuretic or four AHDs. Adherence was assessed by measuring drug concentrations in blood. The complete absence of drug in blood was defined as nonadherence. A posthoc analysis was performed to determine the influence of a having a kidney transplant on the adherence rates.

Results:
One hundred and forty-two patients were included of whom 66 patients fulfilled the definition of resistant hypertension. The overall adherence rate to AHDs was 78.2% (n = 111 patients), with the highest adherence rate for irbesartan (100%, n = 9) and lowest adherence rate for bumetanide (n = 69%, n = 13). In further analysis, only kidney transplantation could be identified as an important factor for adherence (adjusted odds ratio = 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.23–9.09). A posthoc analysis showed that patients with a kidney transplant were more likely to be adherent to AHDs (non-KT cohort 64.0% vs. KT-cohort 85.7%, χ2(2) = 10.34, P = 0.006).

Conclusion:
The adherence rate to AHDs in hypertensive patients was high (78.2%) and even higher after a kidney transplant (85.7%). Furthermore, patients after kidney transplant had a lower risk of being nonadherent to AHDs.
Accounting for antihypertensive medication in Mendelian randomization studies of blood pressure: methodological considerations in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Mbutiwi Fiston Ikwa Ndol , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating determinants of blood pressure (BP) do not account for antihypertensive medication consistently, which may explain discrepancies across studies. We performed an MR study of the association between body mass index (BMI) and systolic BP (SBP) using five methods to account for antihypertensive medication and evaluated their impact on the estimation of the causal effect and on the assessment of the invalidity of the instruments used in MR.

Methods:
Baseline and follow-up data on 20 430 participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort (2011–2018) were used. The five methods to account for antihypertensive medication in the MR study were: no correction, adjustment for antihypertensive medication as a covariate in models, exclusion of treated individuals, addition of a constant value of 15 mmHg to measured values of SBP in treated individuals, and using hypertension as a binary outcome.

Results:
The magnitude of the estimated MR causal effect for SBP (mmHg) varied across the methods of accounting for antihypertensive medication effects ranging from 0.68 (effect per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI) in scenario adjusting MR models for medication covariate to 1.35 in that adding 15 mmHg to measured SBP in treated individuals. Conversely, the assessment of the validity of the instruments did not differ across methods of accounting for antihypertensive medication.

Conclusions:
Methods to account for antihypertensive medication in MR studies may affect the estimation of the causal effects and must be selected with caution.
Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Orbital Subperiosteal Abscesses: A Comparison of Pediatric, Adolescent, and Adult Populations
Authors: Gibbons Alison B. , Niknahad Ava , Bacorn Colin , Li Emily 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the microbiology and antibiotic resistance profiles of orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPA) among 3 age cohorts.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center through a medical record search to identify patients with orbital cellulitis and SPA on imaging from January 1, 2000 to September 10, 2022. Patients were categorized into pediatric (<9 years old), adolescent (9–18 years old), and adult (>18 years old) cohorts. Primary outcomes included culture and antibiotic susceptibility results. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.

Results:
Of the 153 SPA patients included, 62 (40.5%) were in the pediatric cohort (4 months–8 years, mean 5.0 ± 2.7), 51 (33.3%) were adolescent (9–18 years, 12.7 ± 2.8), and 40 (26.1%) were adult (19–95, 51.8 ± 19.3). Viridians group Streptococci were the most frequent organisms isolated across groups. The anaerobic infection rate was higher in the adult compared to the pediatric group (23.0% vs, 4.0%, p = 0.017), while that of the adolescent did not differ significantly from either. Pediatric patients carried a lower rate of clindamycin resistance than adolescent and adult cohorts, who shared similar rates (0 vs. 27.0% and 28.0%, respectively; p = 0.016). There were progressive increases in duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy (p < 0.195) and rate of surgical intervention (p < 0.001) going from younger to older cohorts.

Conclusion:
Organisms isolated from orbital SPA from the past 2 decades demonstrate a predominance of Streptococcal species. Older age may be associated with anaerobic infection, clindamycin resistance, and more aggressive management. Adolescent infections are more similar to adult rather than pediatric counterparts but may require less aggressive management than the former.
A Case of Subcutaneous Sarcoidosis Treated With Intralesional Kenalog
Authors: Yousefian Faraz , Espinoza Liliana , Frandsen McKay , Yadlapati Sujitha , Eckert Auston , Bandino Justin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that is characterized by the development of noncaseating granulomas affecting multiple organ systems, most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes of the body. Aside from these organ systems, sarcoidosis can also affect the skin, eyes, central nervous system, liver, heart, kidneys, and musculoskeletal system. We present a patient with subcutaneous sarcoidosis, also known as Darier-Roussy disease, without extracutaneous findings. Patients may benefit from topical or intralesional steroids for localized involvement to decrease the size of the nodules while avoiding the adverse effects of systemic medications.
Work Related Demands and Resources as Predictors of Well-being at Work Among Healthcare Workers in Switzerland
Authors: Villiger Simone , Hämmig Oliver 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim was to examine the effects of work-related demands and resources on well-being at work among employees in Swiss hospitals.

Methods
Self-reported survey data from 1840 employees of six hospitals/clinics were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analyses (all professions included).

Results
Of all demands, work-life imbalance had the strongest negative effect on well-being at work. The most relevant resource varied depending on the dimension of well-being: for job satisfaction it was good leadership, for work engagement job decision latitude and for satisfaction with relationships at work social support at work. The resources were more relevant for well-being at work than the demands. They also buffered against the negative effects of the demands.

Conclusions
To enhance well-being at work in hospitals, it is necessary to enable a good work-life balance and to strengthen work-related resources.
Factors Affecting Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Pneumoconiosis Cases: A Cross-sectional Study Between 2017 and 2022 in Turkey
Authors: Acun Pinar Merve , Sari Gülden , Koyuncu Adem , Şimşek Ceprail 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
It was aimed to determine the factors affecting the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in pneumoconiosis cases

Methods
Pneumoconiosis cases were divided into two groups as those with only pneumoconiosis and those with coexistence of pneumoconiosis and COPD. Demographic data, smoking habits, pulmonary function test, radiological findings, and occupational risk factors of the cases were compared.

Results
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was detected in 134 of 465 pneumoconiosis cases (28.8%) included in the study. It was determined that patients who developed COPD were statistically significantly older, had longer exposure duration, had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity values, and had more pulmonary symptoms. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development was more common in sandblasting workers, dental technicians, and miners than in other occupations.

Conclusion
It has been shown that the risk of developing COPD is high in cases of pneumoconiosis, independent of smoking, especially in certain occupational groups.