bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of T. lymphocyte functions by Fc fragments of immunoglobulin. II. Augmentation of the cell-mediated lympholysis response occurs through an Lyt-1+2- helper T cell.
Authors: Morgan E L , Thoman M L , Weigle W O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fc fragments derived from papain digestion of human IgG have the capacity to augment specific T cell-mediated cytolytic responses. The addition of Fc fragments to cultures containing nylon wool-purified effector and irradiated stimulator cells results in a significant enhancement of the cytotoxic response. Fc fragment-mediated enhancement is restricted to those responses in which the allogeneic differences between effector and stimulator populations encompass the H-2 I region. Significant enhancement of the CML response occurs when differences at H-2 K + I + D (B10 alpha B10.BR) and H-2 I (A.TH alpha A.TL) regions are employed. In contrast strain combinations in which only the H-2 D region (B10.A alpha B10.A(2R)) difference occurs no enhancement is seen. The cellular site of Fc adjuvant action in the CML response is the Lyt-1+2- helper T cell. This was concluded from the finding that Lyt-1+2- helper cells had to be present to obtain Fc-augmented CML responses. The substitution of Interleukin 2 for Lyt-1+2- helper T cells maintained the cytotoxic response, but these responses were not susceptible to the enhancing properties of Fc fragments. Moreover, to achieve enhanced cytotoxic response Fc had to interact only with the cell population.
Ir gene control of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to Sendai virus: H-2k mice are low responders to Sendai.
Authors: Shapiro M E , Burakoff S J , Benacerraf B , Finberg R W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2k mice generate a secondary in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to Sendai virus 20- to 100-fold weaker than those of other haplotypes tested (H-2b,d,q,s). This immune response defect maps to both H-2K and H-2D. H-2k x H-2d F1 mice (responder x nonresponder) only lyse targets that have the d allele at H-2K and/or H-2D. H-2k targets are equally lysable with anti-Sendai antibody. Furthermore, H-2k mice demonstrate normal antibody and T cell proliferation responses to Sendai virus. The Ir gene defect therefore appears to be limited to the generation of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
IgA-specific helper activity of T alpha cells in human peripheral blood.
Authors: Endoh M , Sakai H , Nomoto Y , Tomino Y , Kaneshige H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A subpopulation of human T lymphocytes that express receptors of immunoglobulin A (T alpha cells) was separated by a FACS using FITC-conjugated human IgA myeloma protein in order to determine whether they have helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in comparison with a T alpha cell population separated by rosette formation using PTN-ORBC conjugated with MOPC-315 mouse IgA myeloma protein. FACS-separated T alpha cells have IgA specific helper activity, whereas rosette-separated T alpha cells have polyclonal helper activity for in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis in PWM-stimulated B cells. The polyclonal helper activity observed in rosette-separated T alpha cells might be due to contamination of non-T alpha cells in the T alpha cell fraction. It is concluded that purified T alpha cells in normal human peripheral blood show IgA-specific helper activity in vitro.
HLA A, B, C antigens are expressed on nonvillous trophoblast of the early human placenta.
Authors: Sunderland C A , Redman C W , Stirrat G M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Samples were taken from the human chorionic sac at 6 wk postconception and were stained with monoclonal antibodies to trophoblast and to HLA antigens by means of an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Antibody to HLA A, B, C antigens did not stain chorionic villous trophoblast in accordance with previous studies, but did stain nonvillous trophoblast of the cytotrophoblast cell columns and cytotrophoblastic shell. Antibody to HLA DR antigens showed no staining of trophoblast. This is the first demonstration of HLA antigens on a human fetal tissue in direct maternal contact. We have discussed the immunologic implications of this finding.
The antigen-induced selective recruitment of specific T lymphocytes to the lung.
Authors: Lipscomb M F , Lyons C R , O'Hara R M , Stein-Streilein J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of the present studies was to investigate the mechanisms by which specific T lymphocytes accumulate in the lung. After the intratracheal (IT) inoculation of influenza virus into guinea pigs, the detection of specific T lymphocytes in the lung coincided with the development of immunity in both hilar nodes and systemic lymphoid tissue. Animals immunized in the footpads with virus failed to develop immune responses in the lung unless rechallenged IT with immunogen. In adoptive transfer experiments, IT inoculation of influenza into nonimmune guinea pigs, followed immediately by the i.v. injection of a mixture of 3H-thymidine-labeled syngeneic T lymphocytes specific for influenza virus and 14C-thymidine-labeled syngeneic T lymphocytes specific for an irrelevant antigen resulted in the selective accumulation of the virus-specific T lymphocytes in the lung. Taken together, these studies indicate that the selective recruitment by antigen of circulating immune cells is one of the mechanisms by which specific T cells accumulate in the lung.
Biochemical characterization of regulatory factors derived from T cell hybridomas and spleen cells. I. Separation of T cell growth factor and T cell replacing factor from granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: Clark-Lewis I , Schrader J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We describe the molecular characteristics of T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell replacing factor (TRF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by a T cell hybridoma after stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). All three activities could be separated from Con A itself by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The TRF and TCGF activities had a m.w. of 35,000 to 40,000 on gel filtration in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Their m.w. were about 30,000 under dissociating conditions in guanidine hydrochloride and about 35,000 to 40,000 under disulfide reducing conditions, suggesting the molecule(s) lacked noncovalent or disulfide-linked subunit structure. GM-CSF had a m.w. of 25,000 to 30,000 by gel filtration in PBS and about 23,000 in guanidine hydrochloride. TRF and TCGF on the one hand and GM-CSF on the other could be distinguished by the criteria of m.w., relative heat sensitivity, and hydrophobic chromatography. TCGF could not be separated from TRF by any of these methods. In terms of all the above properties, factor derived from the T cell hybridoma and spleen cells appeared identical.
Biochemical characterization of regulatory factors derived from T cell hybridomas and spleen cells. II. Evidence for glycosylation of T cell growth factor, T cell replacing factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: Clark-Lewis I , Schrader J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Isoelectric focusing demonstrated that T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell replacing factor (TRF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) derived from concanavalin A-stimulated T cell hybridomas and spleen cells are heterogeneous with respect to charge. The spleen cell-derived TCGF and TRF activities focused with isoelectric points (pI) between 3.5 and 6.5 whereas the range for GM-CSF activity was broader (pI, 3.5 to 8.0). The T cell hybridoma-derived activities were slightly more acidic. Neuraminidase treatment of both hybridoma 123 and spleen cell-derived material resulted in a major peak of each activity (TRF/TCGF pI, 4.9; GM-CSF pI, 4.7). Neuraminidase treatment of hybridoma T6-derived material resulted in peaks of TRF and TCGF around 6.0 as well as one around 5.0, suggesting that this charge heterogeneity was due to causes other than variations in the level of sialic acid on the relevant molecules. Tunicamycin-treated spleen cells or hybridoma 123 cells released biologically active TCGF, TRF, and GM-CSF. Each of these three activities from tunicamycin-treated spleen cells focused with pI around 5.0. A major fraction of TRF, TCGF, and GM-CSF activities bound to wheat-germ agglutinin. GM-CSF also bound to concanavalin A and lentil lectin. These results suggest that the molecules responsible for TCGF, TRF, and GM-SCF activities are glycosylated and that the observed heterogeneity in charge and lectin-binding characteristics is due in part to variable glycosylation. Glycosylation was not critical for any of the three biologic activities. No conclusive separation of TRF and TCGF activities was observed in these experiments although GM-CSF differed from TRF and TCGF in that it bound to Concanavalin A.
Human T cell subpopulations defined by a monoclonal antibody. II. Evidence for cell cooperation in the response to alloantigens and generation of cytolytic cells.
Authors: Moretta A , Corte G , Mingari M C , Moretta L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been shown previously that the 5/9 monoclonal antibody defines a small T cell subpopulation in human peripheral blood that includes all the cells responsible for proliferation to tetanus toxoid and to alloantigens as well as the helper cells for B cell differentiation. In the present study, human peripheral blood T cells were fractionated according to their reactivity with the 5/9 monoclonal antibody and stimulated in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In spite of a strong proliferative response in MLC, 5/9+ cells generated no cytolytic activity against PHA-activated lymphocytes bearing the stimulating alloantigens (CTL activity) or against the K562 human cell line (NK activity). The precursors of these cytolytic effector cells were present in the 5/9- fraction. However, 5/9+ cells or soluble factors derived from 5/9+ cells were needed to induce 5/9- cells to respond in MLC and develop cytolytic activity. Both 5/9+ and 5/9- cell populations, upon MLC stimulation, were able to lyse L1210 mouse lymphoma cells in the presence of specific antibodies (ADCC).
Production of monoclonal antibodies against MM antigen: the serologic identification of MM antigen with Ly-6.2 alloantigen.
Authors: Seto M , Takahashi T , Tanimoto M , Nishizuka Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against MM46, an ascitic mouse mammary tumor of C3H/H2, were produced by fusing mouse myeloma cell line NS-1 with spleen cells from a (BALB/c X C3H/HeN)F1 mice hyperimmunized with MM46, an MM antigen-positive tumor. Eight antibodies showed cytotoxicity against MM46, but not against MM48, an MM antigen-negative ascitic mammary tumor, and one hybridoma produced an agglutinating antibody. One of the cytotoxic monoclonal antibodies, 3-3-C, was selected, and the strain distribution and the tissue distribution of MM antigen were studied. The results demonstrated that MM antigen had a strain distribution identical to Ly-6.2 antigen, and a similar tissue distribution. Therefore, the characterization of MM antigen and Ly-6.2 antigen was investigated. Ly-6.2 antibody was shown to be cytotoxic for MM46, but not for MM48, in accordance with 3-3-C. Genetic segregation analysis of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens in 33 backcross mice demonstrated complete concordance between these two antigens. In addition, MM antigen phenotype of an Ly-6.2 congenic strain, C3H.B6-Ly-6b, was studied, and it was found to be positive in contrast to C3H/HeN. Furthermore, cross-absorption studies revealed that both MM46 cells and C3H.B6-Ly-6b lymph node cells could absorb cytotoxic activities of 3-3-C and monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 antibody. The results so far obtained suggested strongly that these two loci controlling expression of MM and Ly-6.2 antigens were identical or very closely linked.
Idiotypes of Lewis rat antibodies to encephalitogenic peptides of guinea pig myelin basic protein: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Authors: Fritz R B , Desjardins A E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lewis rat antibodies raised by immunization with encephalitogenic peptide 68-88 guinea pig myelin basic protein were purified by affinity chromatography and used to immunize rabbits. After exhaustive absorption of the rabbit antisera to remove anti-rat immunoglobulin activity, the antisera retained activity against the immunogen, shown by the ability to block reaction of radioiodinated peptide with the active site of the rat anti-peptide antibodies. Intrastrain idiotypic cross-reactivity was assessed by testing the rabbit antisera against a panel of Lewis anti-peptide antibodies. Each anti-idiotypic antiserum displayed a unique pattern of reactivity with the panel. Similar tests in which a panel of anti-peptide antibodies raised in F344 rats was used demonstrated the presence of interstrain cross-reactive idiotopes. When seven rabbit anti-idiotypic antisera were tested by pretreatment of rats before challenge with encephalitogen for effect in vivo, five were without effect. Of the remaining two, one caused a slight suppression of disease; the other enhanced disease compared to control animals.
Synovial fluid lymphocytes differ from peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Fox R I , Fong S , Sabharwal N , Carstens S A , Kung P C , Vaughan J H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) from 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that detect specific T cell surface antigens (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, SC1) and antigens associated with lymphocyte activation (anti-Ia, OKT10, B3/25). RA patients' PBL contained 1010 +/- 74 OKT4+ and 401 +/- 62 OKT8+ cells/mm3 (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 2.4 +/- 0.3). In contrast, SFL from these patients exhibited a significantly different proportion of T cell subsets (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 1.1 +/- 0.5) (p less than 0.0001) with 630 +/- 180 OKT4+ and 595 +/- 225 OKT8+ cells/mm3. Synovial fluid contained significantly more activated T cells based on the presence of Ia-positive T cells (19 +/- 5%) and reactivity with antibody OKT10 (49 +/- 7%) compared with RA-PBL (8 +/- 3% Ia-positive T cells and 13 +/- 6% OKT10+). Compared with RA-PBL, normal PBL contained an elevated number of OKT8+ cells (610 +/- 48/mm3), a similar number of OKT4+ cells (1040 +/- 86/mm3), and a lower percentage of activated lymphocytes (3 +/- 2% Ia-positive T cells and 10 +/- 8% OKT10+ cells). SFL, RA-PBL, and normal PBL all showed less than 3% cells reactive with antibody B3/25 (anti-transferrin receptor antibody), a marker found on in vitro activated T cells. These findings demonstrate that the lymphocytes at the site of inflammation differ significantly from the lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood of the same patients. RA patients had a small but significant decrease in the number of OKT8+ cells/mm3 compared with normal PBL (p less than 0.01), suggesting that this lymphocyte subset may home to synovial tissues, where it becomes activated.
Kinetics of the anti-recipient cytotoxic cell response of mice with minor histocompatibility antigen graft-vs-host disease.
Authors: Hamilton B L , Parkman R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The kinetics of the anti-recipient cytotoxic cell response of spleen cells from mice undergoing graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) induced to minor histocompatibility antigens were studied. Two population of cytotoxic cells were identified. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were present in recipient spleens 2 and 3 wk after transplantation but disappeared from the spleens before the onset of clinical disease. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) were first detected in recipient spleens 2 wk after transplantation and were present during clinical disease. CTL may function as effectors in GVHD induced to minor histocompatibility antigens.
The identification and mapping of a second class I locus in the major histocompatibility complex of the rat.
Authors: Kunz H W , Gill T J , Misra D N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A combined genetic, serologic, and biochemical study has demonstrated the existence of a second locus, RT1.E, that codes for class I antigens in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat, and has mapped it relative to the other loci in the MHC. The evidence was obtained with the use of two laboratory-derived recombinants, r10 and r11, and the congenic strains DA.1I and BN.1I. Antibodies raised against the i haplotype (RT1.AnBa) in strain combinations that were matched for their RT1.A and RT1.B loci and in the BY1 and anti-r11 strain combination, in which the RT1.A and RT1.B loci and many of the non-MHC genes were matched, reacted with red blood cells and lymphocytes carrying the u haplotype. Immunoprecipitation showed that these antisera reacted specifically with a component of red blood cell membranes having a m.w. of 45,000. Mapping studies place the genes in the rat MHC in the order RT1.ABE; hence, the organization of the MHC in the rat appears to be similar to that of the mouse.
Heterogeneity of human T4+ inducer T cells defined by a monoclonal antibody that delineates two functional subpopulations.
Authors: Reinherz E L , Morimoto C , Fitzgerald K A , Hussey R E , Daley J F , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A monoclonal antibody termed anti-T4 that detected approximately 60% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was shown to define the human inducer population. In the present study, we characterized three additional monoclonal antibodies, anti-T4A, anti-T4B, and anti-TQ1, that were reactive with a similar percentage of T lymphocytes. Anti-T4A, anti-T4B, and anti-T4 delineated identical cell populations, while those defined by anti-TQ1 differed in several respects: 1) Anti-TQ1 stained a minority (less than 7%) of thymocytes, whereas the other antibodies stained a majority (80%); 2) Anti-TQ1 reacted with 70 to 85% of T4+ lymphocytes, but also stained 50% of T cells within the T4- (T8+) cytotoxic/suppressor subset; 3) The antigen defined by anti-TQ1 was not restricted in its expression to T cells; it defined a fraction of normal B and null lymphocytes as well as non-T cell lines. In vitro studies indicated that the subpopulations of T4+ T lymphocytes delineated by anti-TQ1 were functionally distinct. Although T4+TQ1+ and T4+TQ1- T cells proliferated in an equal fashion to soluble antigen and alloantigen, only the T4+TQ1+ subset was responsible for maximal proliferation in autologous MLR. This T4+TQ1+ subset contained a population of lymphocytes reactive with the previously defined JRA autoantibody. In contrast, the T4+TQ1-, but not the T4+TQ1+, subset provided the majority of T cell help for B cell immunoglobulin production in a pokeweed-driven system. We conclude that the subpopulation of T4+ inducer cells responsible for maximal helper activity in T-B interactions is restricted to a minor subpopulation of T4+ lymphocytes.
Ia-dependent interleukin 2 production in syngeneic cellular interactions.
Authors: Lattime E C , Gillis S , Pecoraro G , Stutman O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte response (SMLR), the co-culture of nylon wool-nonadherent spleen cells or young (4 to 6-day-old) thymocytes with syngeneic nylon wool-adherent adult spleen cells, results in proliferation and Interleukin 2 (IL 2) production. In both the thymus and spleen SMLR, proliferation and IL 2 production are the function of Lyt-1+2-3- (Lyt-1) responder cells and require the expression of IA (IB) and/or IE cell surface antigens on the stimulator cell. IL 2 production in both spleen and thymus SMLR is independent of heterologous serum factors (i.e., fetal calf serum), which, however, influences the magnitude of the in vitro proliferation. The IL 2-producing cell in spleen is capable of self-renewal in the absence of the thymus; it is detectable 6 to 7 mo after adult thymectomy. These results suggest the in vitro SMLR may measure a cellular interaction between the Lyt-1 subset of T cells and self Ia antigens on macrophage-like cells that produces IL 2 in an antigen-independent fashion. This interaction may have physiologic significance in the expression and regulation of T cell function.
Characterization of the alloactivated E+Ia+ cell capable of stimulating in mixed lymphocyte culture.
Authors: Shen H H , Irigoyen O , Friedman S M , Chess L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood E+ lymphocytes were alloactivated by E- cells and then purified by repeat E+ selection. As described by others, alloactivated cells (E+d6) but not unactivated E+ cells were capable of stimulating both allogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). To further characterize the subset of cells responsible for this function, we used a variety of monoclonal antibodies to human T cells and monocytes. Treatment of E+d6 cells with anti-Ia OKI1) plus complement (C) abrogated their stimulating capacity. In contrast, treatment with the anti-T cell antibodies OKT3, OKT11A, OKT4, OKT8 plus C or anti-macrophage antibody (OKM1) plus C failed to eliminate their MLC stimulatory capacintibodies to human T cells and monocytes. Treatment of E+d6 cells with anti-Ia OKI1) plus complement (C) abrogated their stimulating capacity. In contrast, treatment with the anti-T cell antibodies OKT3, OKT11A, OKT4, OKT8 plus C or anti-macrophage antibody (OKM1) plus C failed to eliminate their MLC stimulatory capacintibodies to human T cells and monocytes. Treatment of E+d6 cells with anti-Ia OKI1) plus complement (C) abrogated their stimulating capacity. In contrast, treatment with the anti-T cell antibodies OKT3, OKT11A, OKT4, OKT8 plus C or anti-macrophage antibody (OKM1) plus C failed to eliminate their MLC stimulatory capacity. Because OKT3 recognizes the majority of T cells and OKT11A recognizes virtually all E+ cells, we reasoned that a contaminating non-T cell containing the MLC-stimulating capacity may be present within the alloactivated E+ population. To further address this question, E+d6 cells were positively and negatively selected using a rosetting technique with anti-Ig-coated red cells. The positively selected OKT3, OKT11A, OKT4, or OKT8 E+d6 cells retained minimal ability to stimulate MLC, whereas the corresponding negatively selected populations were highly enriched in this function. Phenotypic analysis of the isolated populations failed to demonstrate greater than 1% surface membrane Ig(SmIg) positive cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the MLC stimulatory capacity of alloactivated E+ cells is contained within an Ia+, OKM1-, SmIg- non-T cell subset.
Inhibition of antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity by heparin.
Authors: Kierszenbaum F , Ackerman S J , Gleich G J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Killing of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the unicellular parasite that causes Chagas' disease in humans, by human eosinophils in the presence of specific antibody to the parasite was inhibited by the polyanion heparin in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of heparin required to completely abolish eosinophil-effected killing of the flagellate increased as the eosinophil to parasite ratio increased. These results suggest that antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity is mediated by basic constituents of the eosinophil granule.