bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prescriptions for child sinusitis varied between specialties after Finnish guidelines were updated in 2018
Authors: Korppi Matti , Palmu Sauli , Heikkilä Paula , Csonka Péter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimWe evaluated antibiotic prescriptions issued for Finnish children with acute sinusitis by a nationwide private outpatient clinic network from 2014–2020. Data were compared before and after updated guidelines in 2018.MethodsThe study comprised data on 45 296 children aged 2–17 years with acute sinusitis, namely diagnoses, ages, dates, the doctor's specialty and any antibiotics. We measured compliance with the updated 2018 Finnish guidelines, which recommended amoxicillin or amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid for children under 12 years old, with doxycycline as an alternative for 12 years plus.ResultsThere were 6621–7585 visits per year for acute sinusitis in 2014–2019 and 2954 in 2020. Antibiotics were prescribed for 37.9%–41.6% of patients during the study years. Amoxicillin, including penicillin, accounted for 35.9% of prescriptions, followed by amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (26.9%). Macrolides accounted for 20.6% and, encouragingly, decreased by 38% from 2014–2019. Doxycycline accounted for 5.3%. Paediatricians, general practitioners (GPs) and ear, nose and throat specialists followed the guidelines in 75.1%, 73.8% and 66.7% of cases, respectively. GPs prescribed antibiotics more often than other physicians.ConclusionAntibiotics were prescribed for about 40% of acute sinusitis visits by Finnish children from 2014–2019. Specialities differed with regard to prescribing rates and whether they followed the guidelines.
Diurnal variations of triglyceride accumulation in mouse and bovine adipocyte‐derived cell lines
Authors: Shiraishi Rena , Morita Satomi , Goto Yoshikuni , Mizoguchi Yasushi , Nakamura Wataru , Nakamura Takahiro J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested a strong interaction between the circadian clock and lipid metabolism in mammals. The circadian clock is driven by endogenous cyclic gene expression patterns, commonly referred to as clock genes, and transcription–translation negative feedback loops. Clock genes regulate the transcription of some lipid metabolism‐related genes; however, the relationship between the circadian clock and triglyceride (TG) accumulation at the cellular level remains unclear. Here, we evaluated rhythms of intracellular TG accumulation levels as well as the expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism‐related genes for 54 h in mouse and bovine adipose‐derived cell cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report demonstrating that TG accumulation exhibits diurnal variations, with the pattern differing among cell types. Furthermore, we found that expression of clock genes and corresponding lipid metabolism‐related genes exhibited circadian rhythms. Our results suggest that the cellular clock regulates lipid metabolism‐related genes to relate circadian rhythms of TG accumulation in each cell type. We anticipate that the amount of fat stored depends on the timing of the supply of glucose‐the precursor of fat. The findings of this study will contribute to the advancement of chrono‐nutrition.
Improving access to psychological therapies: Analysis of effects associated with remote provision during COVID‐19
Authors: Capobianco Lora , Verbist Irini , Heal Calvin , Huey Dale , Wells Adrian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 had an immediate impact on the way Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services in the United Kingdom were delivered, requiring services to move to remote therapy. While remote therapy has been shown to be effective, little is known about the effects associated with moving to remote therapy delivered during COVID‐19 within IAPT services.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess the characteristics of those undergoing remote therapy and test the effects associated with the effect of remote delivery on anxiety and depression symptoms compared with in‐person therapy before lockdown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional benchmark comparison of remote therapy across four IAPT services in Greater Manchester. Routinely collected measures of anxiety (GAD‐7) and depression (PHQ‐9) were used to compare effects across the two time periods. A mixed‐effects model was conducted to assess within and between group changes in anxiety and depression, while controlling for pre‐specified confounders.FindingsRemote therapy did not appear to impact on service provision, with the number of sessions offered and attended being similar to those prior to COVID‐19. Both face‐to‐face (pre‐COVID‐19) and remote therapy (during COVID‐19) were associated with variable improvements in anxiety and depression with no significant difference between them. However, remote therapy was associated with a more rapid decrease in symptoms in comparison with face‐to‐face treatment. Mean improvement in symptoms was small and increased as number of sessions/time increased and analysis of rates of improvement indicated that both face‐to‐face and remote therapy might need more time to reach target cut‐off points on measures.ConclusionsBoth face‐to‐face and remote therapies delivered under IAPT were associated with improvements in symptoms with no apparent difference apart from the finding that remote therapy was associated with more rapid change.Clinical ImplicationsRemote therapy delivery in IAPT does not appear to confer a disadvantage over face‐to‐face contact, but at a group mean level the magnitude of improvement associated with both treatments was small. Remote therapy provision may widen patient access to and engagement with psychological services.
Lopsided inclusion: The impact of multi‐employer bargaining and class‐based unionism on non‐regular employment in South Korea
Authors: Park Dongwoo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examines the impact of multi‐employer bargaining on non‐regular workers across different unions and types of non‐regular employment. Using national representative survey data from South Korea, I find that multi‐employer bargaining increases the likelihood that a workplace union would address a pay increase for non‐regular workers when the union was affiliated with a confederation espousing class‐based as opposed to business‐unionism. However, such a relationship was weaker for temporary agency workers and subcontractors than for direct‐hire fixed‐term workers. This mechanism is further illustrated through a second round of data collection and analysis, namely in‐depth interviews. I identify two factors that characterize the class‐based confederation: (1) centralized pressure from the union and (2) activists and their identity work. Altogether, these results further an understanding of how the identities of national union confederations can influence local representatives’ approach to representing non‐regular workers and how those influences are manifested through workplace‐level collective bargaining.
Importance of receptor expression in the classification of novel ligands at the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Jiang Ye , Yeasmin Mahmuda , Gondin Arisbel B. , Christopoulos Arthur , Valant Celine , Burger Wessel A. C. , Thal David M. 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeAffinity‐based, selective orthosteric ligands for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are difficult to develop due to high sequence homology across the five subtypes. Selectivity can also be achieved via the selective activation of a particular subtype or signalling pathway. Promisingly, a prior study identified compounds 6A and 7A as functionally selective and Gi biased compounds at the M2 mAChR. Here, we have investigated the activation of individual G protein subfamilies and the downstream signalling profiles of 6A and 7A at the M2 mAChR.Experimental ApproachG protein activation was measured with the TRUPATH assay in M2 mAChR FlpIn CHO cells. Activity in downstream signalling pathways was determined using the cAMP CAMYEL BRET sensor and assay of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation.Key ResultsM2 mAChRs coupled to Gɑi1, GɑoA and Gɑs, but not Gɑq, in response to canonical orthosteric agonists. Compounds 6A and 7A did not elicit any G protein activation, cAMP inhibition or stimulation, or ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Instead, a Schild analysis indicates a competitive, antagonistic interaction of compounds 6A and 7A with ACh in the Gɑi1 activation assay. Overexpression of the M2 mAChR may suggest an expression‐dependent activation profile of compounds 6A and 7A.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data confirm that the M2 mAChR preferentially couples to Gɑi/o and to a lesser extent to Gɑs in response to canonical orthosteric ligands. However, this study was not able to detect Gɑi bias of compounds 6A and 7A, highlighting the importance of cellular background when classifying new ligands.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Novel SLC12A3 gene mutations and clinical characteristics in two pedigrees with Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Ying Qiao , Ye Zhinan , Zhang Wei , Pan Yingying , Dai Linxiong , Lin Kaisang , Feng Xiaocheng , Dong Xuehong , He Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveGitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive tubulopathy resulting from inactivating mutations in the SLC12A3 gene that encodes the thiazide‐sensitive sodium‐chloride cotransporter (NCC). To date, more than 500 mutations have been identified in the SLC12A3 gene. In this study, we identified two new mutations in the SLC12A3 gene in two Chinese GS pedigrees.Design, Patients and MeasurementsThe clinical characteristics and laboratory examination of two suspected GS patients in our hospital were analyzed. In addition, two pedigrees including 11 members and 2 patients underwent SLC12A3 gene analysis.ResultsBoth patients were middle‐aged women with characteristics of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, low level of urinary calcium and the elevated levels of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. So, they were clinically diagnosed as GS. Patient 2 also had type 2 diabetes and Graves' disease. Both patients were found to carry two mutations of SLC12A3 gene by Sanger direct sequencing, which were all compound heterozygous mutations. We identified three mutations in these two Chinese GS pedigrees, one of which was c.179C>T (Thr60Met). The novel c.2159G>T (p. Gly720Val) and c.2675T>C (p. Leu892Pro) mutations were strongly predicted to be pathogenic using four network programs—Polyphen‐2, SIFT, Mutation Taster and LRT.ConclusionsWe identified two novel SLC12A3 genetic variant [c.2159G>T (p.Gly720Val) and c.2675T>C (p.Leu892Pro)] in two Chinese GS pedigrees. The discovery of new mutations has enriched the spectrum of SLC12A3 genotypes.
Fatal congenital copper transport defect caused by a homozygous likely pathogenic variant of SLC31A1
Authors: Dame Christof , Horn Denise , Schomburg Lutz , Grünhagen Johannes , Chillon Thilo Samson , Tietze Anna , Vogt Annika , Bührer Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnown hereditary human diseases featuring impaired copper trafficking across cellular membranes involve ATP7A (Menkes disease, occipital horn disease, X‐linked spinal muscular atrophy type 3) and ATP7B (Wilson disease). Herein, we report a newborn infant of consanguineous parents with a homozygous pathogenic variant in a highly conserved sequence of SLC31A1, coding for the copper influx transporter 1, CTR1. This missense variant, c.236T > C, was detected by whole exome sequencing. The infant was born with pulmonary hypoplasia and suffered from severe respiratory distress immediately after birth, necessitating aggressive mechanical ventilation. At 2 weeks of age, multifocal brain hemorrhages were diagnosed by cerebral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, together with increased tortuosity of cerebral arteries. Ensuing seizures were only partly controlled by antiepileptic drugs, and the infant became progressively comatose. Laboratory investigations revealed very low serum concentrations of copper and ceruloplasmin. No hair shaft abnormalities were detected by dermatoscopy or light microscopic analyses of embedded hair shafts obtained at 4 weeks of life. The infant died after redirection of care and elective cessation of invasive mechanical ventilation at 1 month of age. This case adds SLC31A1 to the genes implicated in severe hereditary disorders of copper transport in humans.
The role of the U.S. exchange‐rate equity market volatility on agricultural exports and forecasts
Authors: Addey Kwame Asiam , Nganje William 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article estimates the U.S. state‐level soybean export forecast until December 2024 using a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model. We utilize the newly developed exchange‐rate equity market volatility (EMV‐EX) to improve model fit and the Dirichlet process mixture model (DPMM) to control for unobserved heterogeneity. Using monthly data from January 2004 to December 2020, the study shows that soybean exports for states without ports are underestimated at the expense of states with ports. The EMV‐EX has a positive effect on soybean exports. The forecasts reveal no expected changes in the trends for soybean exports until December 2024. This study's results are useful to make and to implement more informed policy decisions for risk‐mitigating strategies such as the market‐facilitation program.
LncRNA LINC01018/miR‐942‐5p/KNG1 axis regulates the malignant development of glioma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xu Jinfang , Wang Jianli , Zhao Mingfei , Li Chenguang , Hong Shen , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsSince the inhibitory effect of KNG1 on glioma has been proved, this study further explores the regulation of the lncRNA/miRNA axis on KNG1 in glioma.MethodsThe miRNAs that target KNG1 and the lncRNA that targets miR‐942‐5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by experiments. The correlations between miR‐942‐5p and the survival of patients and between KNG1 and miR‐942‐5p were analyzed. After transfection, cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and cell cycle were detected through wound healing, Transwell, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. A mouse subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model was established. The expressions of miR‐942‐5p, KNG1, LINC01018, and related genes were evaluated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), Western blot, or immunohistochemistry.ResultsMiR‐942‐5p targeted KNG1, and LINC01018 sponged miR‐942‐5p. The high survival rate of patients was related to low miR‐942‐5p level. MiR‐942‐5p was highly expressed, whereas KNG1 was lowly expressed in glioma. MiR‐942‐5p was negatively correlated with KNG1. Silent LINC01018 or KNG1 and miR‐942‐5p mimic enhanced the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioma cells, and regulated the expressions of metastasis‐related and proliferation‐related genes. LINC01018 knockdown and miR‐942‐5p mimic promoted glioma tumor growth in mice. The levels of miR‐942‐5p and KNG1 were decreased by LINC01018 knockdown, and LINC01018 expression was suppressed by miR‐942‐5p mimic. MiR‐942‐5p inhibitor, KNG1, and LINC01018 had the opposite effect to miR‐942‐5p mimic.ConclusionLINC01018/miR‐942‐5p/KNG1 pathway regulates the development of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
A review of remote ischemic conditioning as a potential strategy for neural repair poststroke
Authors: Yu Wantong , Ren Changhong , Ji Xunming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke is one of the major disabling health‐care problem and multiple different approaches are needed to enhance rehabilitation, in which neural repair is the structural basement. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a strategy to trigger endogenous protect. RIC has been reported to play neuroprotective role in acute stage of stroke, but the effect of RIC on repair process remaining unclear. Several studies have discovered some overlapped mechanisms RIC and neural repair performs. This review provides a hypothesis that RIC is a potential therapeutic strategy on stroke rehabilitation by evaluating the existing evidence and puts forward some remaining questions to clarify and future researches to be performed in the field.
Leukopenia is an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications following incision and drainage of anorectal abscess
Authors: Khan Mustafa Tamim Alam , Patnaik Ronit , Huang Jian Yu , Campi Haisar Dao , Montorfano Lisandro , De Stefano Felice , Rosenthal Raul J. , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimFew data are available regarding the management of anorectal abscess in patients with leukopenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of leukopenia among patients undergoing incision and drainage for anorectal abscess.MethodA retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database identified patients from 2015 to 2020. Perianal fistulas and supralevator abscesses were excluded. Patients were grouped based on white blood cell (WBC) count: WBC < 4.5 cells/μl, WBC = 4.5–11.0 cells/μl and WBC > 11.0 cells/μl. The 30‐day overall complications and outcomes were compared using regression models, accounting for demographics and comorbidities.ResultsTen thousand two hundred and forty (70.3% male) patients were identified. Univariate analysis showed that, compared with patients with leukocytosis (WBC > 11.0 cells/μl) and normal WBC count (WBC = 4.5–11.0 cells/μl), patients with leukopenia (WBC <4.5 cells/μl) had higher rates of overall (p < 0.001), pulmonary (p < 0.001) and haematological complications (p < 0.001). They also had higher rates of readmission (p < 0.001), reoperation (p = 0.005), discharge to a care facility (p = 0.003), increased length of hospital stay (p = 0.004) and death (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified leukopenia as an independent risk factor for overall complications [odds ratio (OR) 2.31, 95% CI 1.65–3.24; p < 0.001], pulmonary complications (OR 5.65, 95% CI 1.88–16.97; p = 0.002), haematological complications (OR 4.30, 95% CI 2.94–6.28; p < 0.001), unplanned readmission (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.43–3.40; p < 0.001), reoperation (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.10–2.93; p = 0.019) and death (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.02–7.52; p = 0.046). Discharge to a care facility and length of stay were not significant on multivariable analysis.ConclusionLeukopenia is associated with increased risk for pulmonary and haematological complications, readmissions, reoperations, discharge to a care facility and death after incision and drainage for anorectal abscess.
1044. SORBUS PORRIGENTIFORMIS: Rosaceae
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew P. , Fay Michael F. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySorbus porrigentiformis, GREY‐LEAVED WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. It is a neoendemic with obovate leaves and fruits wider than long, and it is widespread in south‐west England and South Wales. It was originally broadly circumscribed, but it has now been split into at least 11 constituent parts. It is a cornerstone species for Sorbus speciation in Britain. It may have originated from S. aria × S. rupicola or from an ancestral taxon in Central Europe.
1047. SORBUS RUPICOLA: Rosaceae
Authors: Rich Tim C. G. , King Christabel , Fay Michael F. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySorbus rupicola, ROCK WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. It is one of the most widespread apomictic polyploids in the genus. Its origin within Sorbus subgenus Aria is still not clear, but it is an important parent of hybridogenic taxa throughout its range. Notes on propagation and cultivation are also included.
1048. SORBUS SUBCUNEATA: Rosaceae
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Hamston Tracey , Barlow Gillian , Brown Andrew P. , Rich Tim C. G. 
Published: December 2022

SummarySorbus subcuneata, SOMERSET WHITEBEAM, is described and illustrated. This narrow endemic species from coastal Devon and Somerset is endangered. Details of its discovery, historical taxonomic treatment and reproductive biology are provided.
Prenatal daily musical exposure is associated with enhanced neural representation of speech fundamental frequency: Evidence from neonatal frequency‐following responses
Authors: Arenillas‐Alcón Sonia , Ribas‐Prats Teresa , Puertollano Marta , Mondéjar‐Segovia Alejandro , Gómez‐Roig María Dolores , Costa‐Faidella Jordi , Escera Carles 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFetal hearing experiences shape the linguistic and musical preferences of neonates. From the very first moment after birth, newborns prefer their native language, recognize their mother's voice, and show a greater responsiveness to lullabies presented during pregnancy. Yet, the neural underpinnings of this experience inducing plasticity have remained elusive. Here we recorded the frequency‐following response (FFR), an auditory evoked potential elicited to periodic complex sounds, to show that prenatal music exposure is associated to enhanced neural encoding of speech stimuli periodicity, which relates to the perceptual experience of pitch. FFRs were recorded in a sample of 60 healthy neonates born at term and aged 12–72 hours. The sample was divided into two groups according to their prenatal musical exposure (29 daily musically exposed; 31 not‐daily musically exposed). Prenatal exposure was assessed retrospectively by a questionnaire in which mothers reported how often they sang or listened to music through loudspeakers during the last trimester of pregnancy. The FFR was recorded to either a /da/ or an /oa/ speech‐syllable stimulus. Analyses were centered on stimuli sections of identical duration (113 ms) and fundamental frequency (F0 = 113 Hz). Neural encoding of stimuli periodicity was quantified as the FFR spectral amplitude at the stimulus F0. Data revealed that newborns exposed daily to music exhibit larger spectral amplitudes at F0 as compared to not‐daily musically‐exposed newborns, regardless of the eliciting stimulus. Our results suggest that prenatal music exposure facilitates the tuning to human speech fundamental frequency, which may support early language processing and acquisition.Research Highlights
Frequency‐following responses to speech were collected from a sample of neonates prenatally exposed to music daily and compared to neonates not‐daily exposed to music.
Neonates who experienced daily prenatal music exposure exhibit enhanced frequency‐following responses to the periodicity of speech sounds.
Prenatal music exposure is associated with a fine‐tuned encoding of human speech fundamental frequency, which may facilitate early language processing and acquisition.