bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H-2 Control of Tolerance Induction to L-Glutamic Acid, L-Lysine-Containing Polymers
Authors: Cheung Nai-Kong V. , Heghinian Krikor M. , Dorf Martin E. , Benacerraf Baruj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the copolymer of glutamic acid and lysine (GL) is nonimmunogenic in all inbred mouse strains. In contrast, the immune responses to the GL-containing terpolymers, poly- (Glu, Lys, Phe), poly-(Glu, Lys, Pro), and poly-(Glu, Lys, Ala), referred to as GLø, GLPro and GLA, respectively, are under H-2-linked immune response gene control. The immune defect in nonresponder mice to GL or GL-containing terpolymers can be bypassed by immunization with covalent conjugates of these antigens on the immunogenic carrier, fowl γ-globulin (FγG). Furthermore, injection of nonresponder mice with 1 to 100 µg of GL-containing polymers specifically decreases their ability to develop anti-GL specific IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell responses to a challenge with polymer-FγG conjugates. This tolerance is antigen specific, since the PFC response to the carrier molecules (FγG) is not affected. Tolerance can be induced as long as 15 days before or as late as 5 days after challenge with the polymer-carrier conjugate. Tolerance can be demonstrated in the early phase of the PFC response and cannot be transferred into normal recipients. In contrast, under identical experimental conditions most GLø responder mouse strains cannot be tolerized by GLø, however, some exceptions were noted. Genes associated with the H-2 complex control this tolerance process. The data suggest that an inverse relationship exists between the amount of T cell helper activity and the ease of tolerization.
Liposomes As Model Membrane Systems for Immune Attack
Authors: Ozato Keiko , Ziegler H. Kirk , Henney Christopher S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In attempts to utilize antibody-bound liposomes as model targets for human K cell-mediated cytolysis, a system was developed by which liposomes could be immobilized to plastic surfaces. Phosphatidyl choline liposomes containing 10% (w/w) DNP-caproylphosphatidylethanolamine and labeled with 3H in the lipid phase and 86Rb+ in the aqueous phase were immobilized by incubation with anti-DNP antibody. Two observations indicated that antibody-immobilized liposomes displayed functional Fc portions of antibody: i) they were susceptible to complement-mediated lysis, and ii) they were capable of selectively depleting K cells from human lymphocyte populations.
When lymphocytes were incubated on immobilized liposomes, incremental 86Rb+ was observed, indicating liposome disruption. Such destruction did not, however, correlate with the K cell activity of the lymphocyte populations as measured concurrently with antibody-coated Chang cells. Thus, mouse thymocytes and K cell-depleted human lymphocytes both caused 86Rb+ release from liposomes equivalent to that seen with unfractionated lymphocytes, but only the unfractionated lymphocytes displayed K cell activity. Cell-mediated 86Rb+ release from liposomes could also be distinguished mechanistically from K cell-mediated lysis, for the former occurred in the absence of free divalent cations, whereas the latter did not. These findings underline the complexities in development of model membrane systems as analogues of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Clonal Nature of the Immune Response to Phosphocholine
Authors: Claflin J. Latham , Cubberley Marge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular heterogeneity of IgG antibodies to phosphocholine (PC) having a defined idiotype was examined in BALB/c mice immunized with PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Specific antibodies were separated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and characterized for PC-binding, idiotype, and isotype by direct in situ labeling with 125I-labeled reagents followed by autoradiography. After immunization with PC-KLH, BALB/c produce 20 to 100 µg/ml of IgM and 80 to 300 µg/ml of IgG anti-PC antibody. The dominant fraction of anti-PC antibodies in BALB/c (and a lesser fraction in other strains) possesses idiotypic determinants found on a PC-binding myeloma, TEPC15. Among 65 BALB/c examined, all produced an identical spectrotypic pattern of antibodies possessing T15 idiotypic determinants. Three major sets of T15-idiotype bearing bands were observed, but they belonged to three different IgG subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. These data support the germ line origin for this dominant set of antibodies in the anti-PC repertoire of BALB/c and indicate that they arise from a single rather than multiple VH-VL pairs.
The Induction of Cytolytic T Lymphocytes with Specificity for p-Azophenylarsonate Coupled Syngeneic Cells
Authors: Sherman Linda A. , Burakoff Steven J. , Benacerraf Baruj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Conditions are described for diazonium linkage of the hapten p-azophenylarsonate (Ar) to mouse lymphocytes for the purpose of induction of syngeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes. These cytolytic effector cells do not lyse target cells that are coupled with an unrelated hapten, trinitrophenyl. Cell lysis can be blocked by the addition of anti-Ar antiserum. Only those target cells that share H-2 K or D end antigens with the stimulating cell population are susceptible to lysis. Several methods were used in an attempt to demonstrate the presence of the Ar cross-reactive idiotype on CTL induced in A/J mice.
Isolation and Antigenic Characterization of the Product of a Third Polymorphic H-2 Locus, H-2L
Authors: Hansen Ted H. , Sachs David H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serology, immunochemistry, and genetics of the product(s) of a third H-2 locus, H-2L (previously designated D') have been studied by using an antiserum raised in BALB/c-H-2db mutant mice against tissues from the wild type strain, BALB/c. Genetic mapping studies and sequential immunoprecipitation experiments both indicate that this antiserum reacts specifically with L molecules. These results imply that an H-2L product is anti-genically undetectable in BALB/c-H-2db mice and that the lesion in this mutant is confined to the H-2L and not the H-2D locus. Two new specificities, H-2.64 and H-2.65, are defined by the reactivity of anti-L serum on allogeneic cells, and the strain distribution of these specificities suggests the existence of at least three H-2L alleles. This third H-2 locus is therefore polymorphic and in view of this and other similarities to the H-2K and H-2D loci, it must be considered in any evolutionary models dealing with the origin of multiple subloci of the major histocompatibility complex.
Effect of Ultraviolet Light on Dinitrochlorobenzenespecific Antigen-Presenting Function
Authors: Levis William R. , Lincoln Paula M. , Dattner Alan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
HLA-A and -B antigens are resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light whereas HLA-D, as defined by the mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR), is sensitive to UV light in initial or first culture. In primed LD typing, the HLA-D responsible for stimulation is relatively resistant to UV light in second culture. We have developed a method for evaluating a specific proliferative response to DNP in dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-sensitized human subjects and found a requirement for a component of autologous leukocytes to activate DNP-responsive lymphocyte clones. Autologous DNBSO3-coupled leukocytes with and without UV were used to stimulate lymphocytes in DNCB-sensitized subjects. 3HTdR incorporation was measured after 4 or 5 dys in 1st or “primary” culture. After 9 to 14 days, blast-derived lymphocytes were set up in 2nd or “secondary” cultures and exposed to the same autologous DNBSO3-treated leukocytes with and without UV. Accelerated 3HTdR incorporation was measured in these secondary clonally primed cultures after 20 to 44 hr. The results showed that UV light abrogated the antigen-presenting or stimulator function in the 1st culture and diminished, but did not abrogate, the antigen-presenter function in the 2nd culture. These findings indicate that the DNP-antigen presenting function is behaving in a manner similar to that observed for mixed leukocyte culture determinants in 1st and 2nd cultures.
Characteristics of Complement Receptor-Bearing Cells in the Spleens of Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Epstein Robert S. , Lopez Diana M. , Sigel M. Michael , Ross Gordon D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the course of mammary tumor development, a population of nylon nonadherent cells with CR appears in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice although none are ever detected in normal mice. These cells apparently arise in response to immunologic stimulation. In a series of studies we have further characterized subsets of T cells (CR+ and CR-) with regard to their responses to mitogens in the lymphocyte transformation assay. Nylon column nonadherent cells from the spleens of tumorbearing mice were rosetted in a complement receptor assay using EAC rosetting, and CR+ cells were separated from CR- by centrifugation in a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. CR+ T cells responded strongly to PHA and Con A and in addition responded to LPS, an activity not usually associated with conventional T cells. In contrast, CR- T cells from tumor-burdened mice responded to PHA but failed to respond to Con A or LPS.
Fc-Receptors on Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Pichler Werner J. , Lum Lawrence , Broder Samuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T lymphocytes of 11 healthy humans were enriched and studied for Fc-IgG or Fc-IgM receptor expression by using a rosette technique, namely bovine red cells coated with rabbit IgG {EA-IgG} or IgM {EA-IgM}. Eighty percent (±9.2) of the T cells (mean ± S.D.) exhibited Fc-IgM receptors after culture (designated Tµ) and 22% (±9.4) expressed Fc-IgG receptors (designated Tγ), the latter occasionally decreasing after culture at 37°C. The two populations could be readily separated by interaction of Tγ cells with EA-IgG and Ficoll-Hypaque gradient separation. In the interface we found T non-γ cells, which consisted of over 90% Tµ cells and about 1% Tγ cells. In the pellet an enriched Tγ cell population was found, 79% (±8). After lysis of the bound EA-IgG, incubation of the cells at 37°C led to capping, endocytosis, and/or shedding of the Fc-IgG receptor. Culture of these cells led to expression of Fc-IgM receptors on these originally Tγ cells, whereas only a few cells re-expressed Fc-IgG receptors. The transition of Tγ → Tµ cells was also observed in T cells precultured for 24 hr and required immune complex (IC) interaction. Adding sodium azide or maintaining the cells at 4°C blocked Fc-IgM receptor expression. X-irradiation, cytochalasin B, and colchicine had no effect. Pronase treatment of positively selected Tγ cells uncovered Fc-IgG receptors, which did not cap, and after 40 hr in culture, T cells bearing Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptors were found. Therefore, Fc-IgG and Fc-IgM receptors do not appear to be markers for distinct T cell subsets under some conditions. Rather, a subset of T cells may conceivably express both classes of receptors at different functional stages. The interaction of Fc-IgG receptors with IC may serve to alter the overall expression of Fc-receptors.
Antibody-Independent Neutralization of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus by Human Complement
Authors: Mills Bonnie J. , Cooper Neil R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal human serum neutralized up to 5 logs10/ml of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in hamster (BHK), mouse (L), or human (HFF) cell lines when equal volumes of virus (∼105 PFU/ml) and serum were incubated together for 30 min at 37°C. The neutralizing activity of fresh serum was heat labile, thus distinguishing this activity from that of immune human serum which was heat stable. The lack of an antibody requirement for VSV neutralization by normal human serum was demonstrated in three ways: first, isolated human immunoglobulins failed to neutralize VSV or potentiate neutralization by fresh serum; second, absorption of fresh serum with uninfected cells or cells bearing VSV antigens did not reduce neutralizing activity; third, agammaglobulinemic serum mediated C3b deposition on the viral surface. Neutralization by normal human serum was complement (C) dependent and required the early reacting components of the classical C pathway (C1q, C2, C4) but not the late reacting components (C5, C6, C7, C8) or the alternative C pathway (factor B). Incubation of serum with concentrated VSV reduced the CH50, C2, C3, and C4 titers by 23.5, 21, 22, and 31%, respectively, and was accompanied by deposition of C3b on the viral surface. Purified VSV and the isolated external glycoprotein of VSV, G protein, bound 125I-C1q, and purified VSV also bound C1̄. However, VSV did not activate purified reconstituted C1, and VSV was not neutralized by isolated C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. Therefore, an additional serum factor is apparently required for neutralization.
These studies indicate that neutralization of VSV by normal human serum involves the components of the classical C pathway through C3b and a nonimmunoglobulin serum factor. The reaction is initiated by the direct attachment of C1 to the G protein, which leads to C activation and the sequential deposition of the C components through C3b on the viral envelope. The mechanism of action of the nonimmunoglobulin serum factor remains to be established.
A Survey of Murine Ia Antigens Among Populations of Texas Wild Mice
Authors: Duncan William R. , Wakeland Edward K. , Klein Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The polymorphism of two serologically detected loci in the I region was assessed in wild mice trapped in six separate locations in Texas. About 100 mice were typed by the two-stage microcytotoxicity test with a battery of alloantisera detecting 10 private, semi-private, or public specificities in either the I-A or I-EC loci. This survey has revealed that three different private I-region specificities are present among wild mice in Texas at frequencies characteristic of stable polymorphisms. Two of these private specificities, Ia-1.2 and Ia-1.4, were also present in the descendents of mice trapped in Michigan, indicating that these alleles are widely distributed among wild mice in the United States. A comparison of the distribution of I region specificities with K or D region specificities indicated that linkage disequilibrium among these H-2 loci was a rare, but detectable event. Finally, breeding studies with wild, male mice indicate that about 90% of the wild males are heterozygous for H-2 antigens.
Expression of I-Subregion Encoded Antigens on Accessory Cell Populations
Authors: Ahmann G. B. , Singer A. , Dickler H. B. , Sachs D. H. , Hodes R. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the expression of Ia antigens on accessory cells which function in two murine response systems: the proliferative response to Con A and the in vitro primary antibody response to soluble TNP-conjugated protein antigens. Pretreatment of murine lymphoid cells with anti-Ia and complement (C) abrogated their ability to respond to Con A. Reconstruction experiments have shown that glass adherent spleen cells treated with a T cell-specific rabbit anti-mouse brain serum and C and irradiated with 1000R (spleen-adherent cells, SAC) were able to restore responsiveness to Con A. In a second assay system, T cell-dependent IgM responses of normal spleen cells to soluble TNP-conjugated protein antigens were abrogated by Sephadex G-10 passage. Responses in this system were similarly reconstituted by the addition of non-T, non-B, radioresistant SAC as accessory cells.
Detection of Two Independent Ia-Like Antigens Determined by Genes Linked to Rat MHC
Authors: Shinohara Nobukata , Sachs David H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mouse alloantiserum B10.D2 anti-B10.BR (H-2d anti-H-2k) crossreacted with rat lymphocyte surface glycoproteins with characteristics of Ia antigens. Sequential precipitation analysis on solubilized radiolabeled Lewis rat spleen cell alloantigens pretreated with BN anti-Lewis (Ag-B3 anti-Ag-B1) alloantiserum revealed that the Ia-like antigens detected by the mouse alloantiserum also reacted with the rat anti-Ia antibodies. The rat alloantiserum also detected another set of Ia-like antigens which did not crossreact with the mouse alloantibody. Precipitation analysis using congenic rat strains confirmed that all Ia-like antigens precipitated by the rat alloantibody were encoded by Ag-B-linked genes. Thus the shared Ia-like antigen must also be the product of Ag-B-linked gene(s) or be physically associated with such products. The existence of two separable Ia antigens suggest the existence of more than one sublocus coding for Ia antigens within the rat MHC. The determinant detected on the crossreactive molecule by the mouse alloantibody is probably distinct from that detected by the rat alloantibody since the mouse alloantibody reacted similarly with both Lewis and BN lymphocytes.
Comparison of Primary Structures of Ia Products from the I-A and I-E/C Subregions
Authors: Freed John H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The primary structures of α and β chains from both I-A and I-E/C subregions of several haplotypes were exchange chromatography of tryptic peptides. The materials examined were obtained from NP-40 extracts of biosynthetically radiolabeled normal spleen cells. The preparations were subjected to LcH-Sepharose affinity chromatography prior to immunoprecipitation with specific alloantisera; α and β chains were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and/or hydroxylapatite chromatography in SDS. Comparative chromatographies of tryptic peptides from α and β chains reveal that corresponding chains from the highly cross-reactive I-Ak and I-Ar gene products share approximately 65–75% of their peptides. Preliminary results suggest that for the I-E/Ck and I-E/Cr products the α chains share all peptides, whereas the β chains share only 65% of their peptides. This latter result, considered in light of the proposed assignment of Ia.7 to the I-E subregion (David and Cullen, in press), suggests that the I-Ek specificity Ia.22 (which I-Er lacks) may be carried specifically on the Eβk chain.
Different Antibodies Made to Myoglobin Under Control of Distinct Ir Genes in Different I-Subregions of H-2
Authors: Berzofsky Jay A. , Killion Douglas J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two Ir genes in distinct I-subregions of H-2 have been shown to control the antibody response to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in mice (Berzofsky, J. A., J. Immunol. 120, 360, 1978). B10.D2 (H-2d) mice (high responders) have both Ir-Mb-1 (in I-A) and Ir-Mb-2 (probably in I-C), while B10 (H-2b) and B10.BR (H-2k) mice (low responders) have neither. Recombinant strains B10.A and B10.A(5R) with only Ir-Mb-2 are intermediate in response to whole Mb. However, when the same sera were tested for antibodies binding to fragment (132–153), B10.A 3° sera, which had 6-fold more anti-Mb than B10.BR sera, had no more antibody to this fragment (whereas the B10.D2 sera had 10-fold more anti-(132-153)). Similarly, the B10.A(5R) sera had barely more anti-(132-153) than B10 sera, even though they had 4-fold more total anti-Mb. Conversely, D2.GD mice (with only Ir-Mb-1) made as much anti-(132–153) in the anti-Mb sera as did congenic DBA/2 mice, with both genes.
Genetic Control of the T-Lymphocyte Proliferative Response to Cytochrome c
Authors: Solinger A. M. , Schwartz R. H. , Ultee M. , Margoliash E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytochromes c have been used as antigens in a murine T-lymphocyte proliferation assay in order to characterize the nature of determinants whose recognition is under immune response (Ir) gene control. In the present studies, the T-cell proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c was shown to be under the control of two complementing MHC-linked Ir genes in mice of the H-2a and H-2k haplotypes, while eight other haplotypes tested were low or non-responders. Complementation was demonstrated by showing that an F1 hybrid between two non-responder recombinant strains (H-2h4 and H-2i5) could respond to pigeon cytochrome c. The determinant on the cytochrome recognized in this immune response was located to the C-terminal portion of the molecule around residue 100. This was shown by the failure or success of closely related cytochromes to cross-stimulate T-cells immune to pigeon cytochrome.
Evidence for Ir Gene Expression in the Antigen-Presenting Cell
Authors: Yano Akihiko , Schwartz Ronald H. , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Proliferative responses by peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyteenriched cells (PETLES) from GAT primed mice can be stimulated by GAT-pulsed spleen cells from non-immune animals only if the donors of both cell types are identical at the I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). However, in 4 separate (high responder × low responder)F1 strains, GAT-primed PETLES could be stimulated by GAT/presenting cells from either the F1 or the high responder parent but not by cells from the low responder parent. Addition of equal numbers of GAT-pulsed low responder spleen cells did not affect the response of F1 PETLES to GAT on high responder spleen cells. Furthermore, pre-treatment of F1 PETLES with anti-Ly 2.2 serum and complement did not allow these cells to respond to GAT-pulsed low responder parental spleen cells. This suggests that the failure of spleen cells from low responder parental strains to present GAT to F1 PETLES is not due to the presence of suppressor cells in either the antigen-presenting or the responding cell populations.
H-2, Thymus and H-2 Restricted T Cells
Authors: Zinkernagel Rolf M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The radioresistant portion of the thymus dictates the H-2 self specificity spectrum of T cells and the peripheral lymphoreticular cells' H-2 type determines which of the thymically selected specificities for H-2 are to be expressed by antigen specific effector T cells; these contentions derive from experiments with irradiation bone marrow and thymus chimeras. These phenomena cannot be readily explained by suppression as shown in mixture experiments. Furthermore, specificity for thymic self-H-2 is exquisite, since lymphocytes from C57BL/6 (Kb) → Hz170 (Kba) mutant mice chimeras do not cross-react on Kb. These findings have great theoretical and practical implications with respect to reconstitution of immunocompetence, Ir-gene phenomena and our understanding of T cell recognition.