bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Steps Forward, One Step Back
Authors: Adhikari Krishna P. , Gellner David N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
As ‘untouchables’, Nepali Dalits were effectively banned from engaging in reading and writing and thereby almost entirely excluded from senior positions in both public and private sectors, until the system of reservations was introduced a decade ago. Today Dalits still face multiple forms of everyday exclusion, ‘hidden’ or ‘unseen’ discrimination, even though overt discrimination is now legally sanctioned. While there exists an increasing body of research on school education and exclusion, very limited work has been done to explore and account for the responses and experiences of Dalits themselves, and how these are changing longitudinally. These experiences encompass, on the one hand, much greater Dalit involvement in schooling than ever before, and a much greater sharing of experiences between Dalits and non-Dalits. On the other hand, traditional skills and knowledge systems are very much on the decline. Combining ethnography and qualitative interviews with a range of people, including parents, teachers, students, and activists, with a quantitative survey, this chapter explores Dalit responses to modern education and show how their experiences of school have changed over time. Our study shows that while both the response (in terms of enrolment and commitment) and experiences of exclusion and discrimination in schools are changing for the better, more needs to be done to translate these changes into improved educational and occupational achievements. At the same time, there is a tension between improving Dalit participation in modern educational institutions and preserving traditional skills and knowledge.
Getting to Good Friday
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Getting to Good Friday intertwines literary analysis and narrative history in an accessible account of the shifts in thinking and talking about Northern Ireland’s divided society that brought thirty years of political violence to a close with the 1998 Belfast/Good Friday Agreement. Drawing on decades of reading, researching, and teaching Northern Irish literature and talking and corresponding with Northern Irish writers, Marilynn Richtarik describes literary reactions and contributions to the peace process during the fifteen years preceding the Agreement and in the immediate post-conflict era. Political progress in this period hinged on negotiators’ ability to revise the terms used to discuss the conflict, and literary writers and critics are expert in texts that require interpretation and support divergent readings. Examining selected literary works by Brian Friel, Seamus Heaney, Michael Longley, Deirdre Madden, Seamus Deane, Bernard MacLaverty, Colum McCann, and David Park within a detailed historical frame, Richtarik demonstrates the extent to which authors were motivated by a desire both to comment on and to intervene in unfolding political situations. Getting to Good Friday suggests that literature as literature—that is, in its formal properties in addition to anything it might have to ‘say’ about a given subject—can enrich readers’ historical understanding. Through Richtarik’s engaging narrative, creative writing emerges as both the medium of and a metaphor for the peace process itself.
Drafting
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter Five (‘Drafting’) describes the political negotiations that resulted in the Belfast Agreement signed on Good Friday 1998. Colum McCann’s novel TransAtlantic (2013), which includes American mediator George Mitchell among its characters, highlights the role of writing as both the medium of and a metaphor for the peace process. This literary insight is confirmed in autobiographical accounts by participants in the talks, as well as in histories and scholarly analyses of the negotiations. The chapter traces the evolution of the Agreement through multi-party negotiations in 1997 and the first months of 1998, with particular attention to the contributions made by women to the drafting process. While celebrating what the negotiators achieved, this chapter also indicates issues left unresolved by the Agreement.
Conclusion
Authors: Richtarik Marilynn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The conclusion (‘Truth-Seeking’) discusses Northern Ireland’s immediate post-conflict milieu and the lingering effects of the Troubles through a close examination of David Park’s novel The Truth Commissioner (2008). The novel employs five distinct points of view and a limited third-person narration to emphasize the difference perspective makes to any individual’s experience and assessment of Northern Ireland’s late-twentieth-century history. During the decade following the approval of the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement, there was considerable public speculation about the possibility of Northern Ireland implementing a comprehensive truth-recovery process along the lines of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The Truth Commissioner presents Park’s ambivalent vision of how such a body might function in practice. The conclusion suggests that a novel may be more effective than a truth commission in reaching certain kinds of truth and promoting social understanding. The Belfast/Good Friday Agreement accomplished the remarkable feat of establishing peace in Northern Ireland, but it should be seen as the beginning rather than the end of the challenging task of imagining a shared Northern Irish identity. Getting to Good Friday argues that, in this endeavour, the contributions of artists will be at least as important as initiatives by politicians.
Law, Space, and Place
Authors: Ray Reeju 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces colonial law’s location and travels in the north-east frontier of the British Empire in India. It introduces the theoretical and methodological concepts used in this book including the ‘where of law’, production of space, and place-making. It shows the mechanisms that made law central in the production of a frontier space in British India between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries. The chapter describes the manifestations of law through contracts, jurisdiction, knowledge, and customary authority. The introductory chapter also engages with recent and relevant literature on frontier histories, colonial law, legal geography, and theories of space and place. It provides a groundwork for readers not acquainted with the concepts or the region described in the book. For specialists it provides an overview of what unfolds in the rest of the book.
‘Their syphilisation you mean’
Authors: Houston Lloyd (Meadhbh) 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines how figurations of venereal disease, accounts of its aetiology, and campaigns for its regulation were used by politicians, activists, and authors to construct models of Irish identity in the first decades of the twentieth century. To do so, it traces how references to venereal disease were employed in the anti-enlisting campaigns of the Irish Transvaal Committee, Inghinidhe na hÉireann, and Sinn Féin to offer a statistical index of British ‘immorality’ and an explanatory metaphor for the malign impact of British imperial rule in Ireland. Through close readings of Joyce’s Dubliners (1914) and Ulysses (1922), and Oliver Gogarty’s Blight (1917), this chapter explores how Irish writers echoed these positions, using the impact of venereal disease on the Irish to critique British militarism, while, at the same time, exploring how Joyce distanced himself from the more chauvinistic deployments of this rhetoric, particularly where they concerned Ireland’s Jewish population.
Queer Disappearance in Modern and Contemporary Fiction
Authors: Bateman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Queer Disappearance in Modern and Contemporary Fiction breaks with appearance-based models of queer performativity and argues for the experiential richness and political potentials of recessive tendencies in twentieth- and twenty-first-century queer literary production. The book theorizes a “perish-performative” that allows for agency in practices of abeyance and discovers within queerness’s ample archive of vanishing acts an environmental ethos antithetical to inflationary versions of the human. Tying modernist classics by E.M. Forster and Willa Cather to Andrew Holleran’s gay classic Dancer from the Dance, and then moving to the contemporary ecogothic of Lydia Millet’s How the Dead Dream and the trans decadence of Shola von Reinhold’s Lote, the book refuses the common wisdom that queerness becomes louder and prouder over time, delineating instead a minimalist and daydreaming subjectivity wherein queerness finds escape, respite, and varied opportunities for imaginative reverie. This precarious subjectivity, necessitated but not defined by oppression and obstacle, rewards and restores the queer self; it also contests the logics of development, acquisition, and productivity that wreak havoc on the planet and entrench social disparities of race, class, and ability. To our present moment of lockdowns and social distancing, Queer Disappearance in Modern and Contemporary Fiction supplies multiple accounts of the collective and personal pleasures, possibilities, and perils to be found in pulling away, going missing, and taking a break.
Introduction
Authors: Bateman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bringing together queer theory and the environmental humanities, and offering an extended reading of the first gay novel published in English, Alan Dale’s A Marriage Below Zero, the Introduction meditates on a long social, literary, and political history to queer practices of retreat and recession. Arguing that dominant models of queer subjectivity and performativity tend to overlook and underappreciate these retractive movements—or regard them as simplistic symptoms of internalized homophobia—the Introduction uncovers instead an ecological sensibility within queer disappearance that makes it uniquely suited to the exigencies and emergencies of the Anthropocene. The Introduction uses critical work in gender and sexuality studies by Eve Sedgwick, Judith Butler, and José Muñoz to theorize a “perish-performative” through which queerness exclaims and disclaims itself in the same gesture, illuminating vital alternatives to the steroidal self of modern capitalism.
Avian, Anal, Outlaw
Authors: Bateman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that E.M. Forster’s only explicitly gay novel, Maurice, adumbrates a critical ecology in which queerness takes shape through entanglements with birds, pollen, bacteria, and other environmental agencies. Where most readings of the novel treat it as a conventional coming-out narrative with an unrealistically happy ending, this chapter reads it as a sensitive meditation on queerness’s environmental and political responsibilities both local and global. Connecting the titular character’s sexual awakening to his fixation on a particular bird, the resplendent quetzal, and to his growing awareness of his corporeal penetrability by creatures great and small, the chapter discloses a queerness synonymous with ecological humility and diminished presence.
Cather’s Cancel Culture
Authors: Bateman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Willa Cather’s My Ántonia advances an ethos of obliteration via an unnamed woman narrator who recedes from Jim Burden’s main narrative but nags it with a diminished presence that works to highlight the various ways in which privileged Jim diminishes the women, indigenous populations, and nonhuman agents with whom she shares the Nebraska Plains. Revisiting classic critical work by Judith Butler on the matter of names and naming in Cather’s famous novel, the chapter probes a powerful negativity, or antonymity, within Ántonia’s identity and comportment that accretes across the various oral tales contained within Jim’s “master” narrative, qualifying their authority and insinuating, sometimes violently, the unraveling of heteropatriarchal prerogative.
Disappearing Flesh in Shola von Reinhold’s Lote
Authors: Bateman Benjamin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Drawing on Black queer, trans, and feminist theories of flesh and fugitivity, this chapter argues that Shola von Reinhold’s experimental novel Lote connects practices of recession, escape, and dissociation to the conjuring of suppressed histories, aspirations, and artistic accomplishments. By means of drugs, dreams, and daydreams, the novel’s main character, Mathilda, fuses imaginatively with a Black modernist poet, Hermia Druitt, glimpsed only fleetingly and fragmentedly in the historical record. Summoning Druitt back to life through Mathilda’s decadent swoons and spells while simultaneously, at the level of form, keeping key details about Druitt unrevealed and out of Mathilda’s grasp, the novel enacts an archival practice capable of revelation but also sensitive to the desire to disappear.
An Ideal Life for a Child?
Authors: Soares Claudia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In almost all of its manifestations, life within an institution has been understood to be rigid, uniform, and miserable. Monotony has been consistently associated with institutional life, where inmates wear the same clothing, are encouraged to act or behave in a prescribed way, and the same tasks are repeated day after day. But in 1874, Jane Nassau Senior’s report on the care of pauper girls criticized many larger institutions, which were unable to provide the ‘cherishing care and individual attention’ that so many children needed in order to produce well-rounded and socialized individuals. Senior called for institutional staff to ensure that inmates spent time outside the institution, through vacations and regular outings, and that children received individual care, treats, and rewards—all elements associated with mothering and fathering children, which were promoted as beneficial to children’s adequate social and emotional development. This chapter looks specifically at key moments of institutional life where identity, individuality, nurture, and pleasure were fostered. It explores ideas of the ‘treat’, ‘nurture’, and ‘family time’—mechanisms through which children and staff spent time together. The chapter also assesses how children and staff gave meaning to different activities, and how they inhabited personal, private, and shared spaces in the institution. Inclusion in ‘family time’ activities could be didactic in transmitting specific values about domesticity and family, and teaching children about responsibility, self-sufficiency, and their place in the world. But in addition to socializing children, these practices were imbued with other affective and intimate meanings, helping to reinforce a sense of belonging, identity, friendship, and attachment.
Awakening the Moral Imagination
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter showcases how fairy tales and children’s fantasy stories could effectively evoke moral imagination. Moral living refers to being responsive and responsible toward other people in line with virtues that enable them to use their freedom in morally responsible ways. Moral and immoral behavior go hand in hand with freedom enacted for good or ill. Fairy tales and children’s fantasy stories attractively narrate character and virtue under the pretense of goodness and truth. For example, “Beauty and the Beast” depicts the mystery of virtue, showing how the magic of moral life often coincides with surprising results from the most unexpected persons and places.
Evil and Redemption in “The Snow Queen” and The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the themes of evil and redemption addressed in Hans Christian Andersen’s “The Snow Queen” and C. S. Lewis’s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Both writers look at how the heart could allegedly become dark when confronted with evilness. They also illustrate through fiction how to achieve redemption through experiencing active goodness and love. In “The Snow Queen,” goodness and immortality are correlated to the communion in love between man and woman. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe explores the human heart’s struggles with good and evil and the redemption that included the conversion of the mind and rescue of the heart.
Heroines of Faith and Courage
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the portrayal of faithful and courageous heroines by examining Princess Irene in The Princess and the Goblin and Lucy in Prince Caspian. Through The Princess and the Goblin, George MacDonald tries to invent a modern genre of fairy tale that challenges mystic fortitude, positivism, and twisted puritanism. MacDonald’s religious imagination is put to work in line with the limits of his moral imagination. C. S. Lewis also tackles the themes of moral and spiritual maturation through the help of faith and courage fulfilled in a vision of God. Remembering is the prominent theme in Prince Caspian, which also looks at biblical religion as it relates to faith’s power to apprehend and perceive.
Obedience and the Path to Perfection in George MacDonald’s The Wise Woman
Authors: Guroian Vigen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on The Wise Woman, written by George MacDonald, and considers the concepts of obedience and the path to perfection. Since The Wise Woman is a parable, it is a story of the path to blessedness and inheritance of heaven. The meaning and themes of The Wise Woman range between wisdom, obedience, and biblical connotations. The parable defines the differences between God’s justice and worldly justice. The affirmation of human freedom and the efficacy of grace is at the heart of MacDonald’s moral and religious vision. MacDonald also introduced the concept of conversion in The Wise Woman without using the term itself.
Drugs and the Technology of Agency
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the consequences of adopting a biomedical model of mind for notions of agency and discourse. The biomedical model of mind is the consequence of positivist, pragmatist, and mechanical uses of empirical psychology. The pharmacological use of psychology is elaborated through a description of the various uses of drugs as technological tools for pathology and recreation. These are contrasted with the therapeutic spiritual use of entheogens. The second part of the chapter is an illustrative example of the author’s positive project of applying sociocultural constraints to empirical psychology. Drawing from the interdisciplinary field of Neuropsychoanalysis, this analysis of alcohol addiction is an attempt to integrate biomedical and psychodynamic models.
Conclusion
Authors: Gabriel Rami 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the book’s depiction of three uses of psychology: (a) empirical, i.e., positivist, pragmatist and mechanical, (b) discursive modes of expressive individualism, and (c) reflexive creative practices. The critical project of the book brings together a compendium of the methodological and epistemological issues in empirical psychology as constraints on what we can know about the mind through positivist and pragmatist methods. The positive project of articulating a humanistic interdisciplinary multilevel psychology which takes into account history, ethics, and context is presented. This chapter reinforces the thesis from the interlude that psychology is a superstitious science by arguing that the concept of mind and our need for explanation are flexible and susceptible. The uses of psychology thus articulate our visions of human nature in the prevailing languages of mastery.
The Family Story: The Ottomans before Süleyman
Authors: Şahin Kaya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Süleyman’s ancestors, Turkish-speaking Muslim nomads, entered Anatolia around the mid-thirteenth century. They settled in a frontier zone between regional powers. Osman, after whom the Ottoman dynasty is named, emerged as a charismatic chieftain at the end of the thirteenth century. He recruited both Muslims and Christians to fight under his leadership. He used gaza, Holy War, to give a sense of mission to his followers. By the late fifteenth century, Osman’s descendants had established a powerful dynastic kingdom in the Balkans and Anatolia, largely due to the institutions they established and sustained. The Ottomans gave revenue assignments in return for military service, they created offices that helped manage the realm and enrich the dynasty, they used the Islamic institution of slavery to create a standing army and a body of servants for the rulers, and they developed a practice of succession that helped preserve the unity of the realm. This was the historical and institutional legacy Süleyman inherited.
Apprenticeship: Service as District Governor, 1509–20
Authors: Şahin Kaya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Süleyman, like other Ottoman princes, was eligible for service as district governor. Following a tense negotiation between his father and the palace, he was appointed to Caffa. His father Selim subsequently used Caffa as a launching pad to replace the ruling sultan Bayezid II. After becoming sultan, Selim killed his brothers and nephews, defeated the Safavids in 1514, and occupied the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt in 1516–17. Süleyman inherited from his father both a much-enlarged realm and a strong anti-Safavid political and religious stance. After his father came to the throne in 1512, he served as district governor in western Anatolia, presided over a crowded household, and acted as his father’s substitute while Selim was in campaign. On a domestic level, this is the time when he started having children. He also started writing poetry. He thus began stepping into the limelight of Ottoman political and cultural life.
Iudicium ex Machinae
Authors: Thomsen Frej Klem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Automated decision-making for sentencing is the use of a software algorithm to analyze a convicted offender’s case and deliver a sentence. This chapter reviews the moral arguments for and against employing automated decision-making for sentencing. Specifically, it argues that well-designed automated decision-making for sentencing will better approximate the just sentence than human sentencers. Moreover, it dismisses common concerns about transparency, privacy, and bias as unpersuasive or inapplicable. The chapter also notes that moral disagreement about theories of just sentencing are plausibly resolved by applying the principle of maximizing expected moral choice worthiness, and that automated decision-making is better suited to the resulting ensemble model. Finally, the chapter considers the challenge posed by penal populism. The dispiriting conclusion is that although it is in theory morally desirable to use automated decision-making for criminal sentencing, it may well be the case that we ought not to try.