bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Resolved Atmospheric Phosphorus in Shanghai: Seasonal Variations, Sources and Dry Deposition
Authors: Meng Ya , Zhao Yilong , Li Qiong , Li Rui , Wu Xinyuan , Han Yu , Huang Wenkai , Fu Hongbo , Zhang Liwu , Chen Jianmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric deposition is an important source for the P biological cycle, especially for P‐limited ecosystems. In the present study, 48 hr size‐segregated aerosol samples were collected at an urban site in Shanghai for one year from May 2019 to June 2020. Total phosphorus (TP) presented a bimodal distribution in four seasons, which was mainly contributed by mineral dust in the coarse mode, and was related to anthropogenic and combustion emissions in the fine mode. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) presented a bimodal distribution in spring and summer, and a unimodal distribution dominated by a fine mode in autumn and winter. Size distributions and correlation analysis showed that DIP in the fine and coarse modes originated from the acid processing of SO42‐ and NO3−, respectively, while DOP was mainly from biomass burning emissions. Positive Matrix Factor analysis showed that phosphorus (P) in atmospheric aerosols in Shanghai was mainly contributed by four sources, including crustal sources, sea‐salt, industry emissions and fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. Industry emissions and fossil fuel combustion, as well as biomass burning were important sources of TP in all particle sizes (50%–65%). Biomass burning was the most important source of DOP (>50%). The total deposition flux of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) calculated based on the size‐weighted deposition velocity model averaged 75.2 ± 17.4 μg/m2/d. Assuming that all of TDP is bioavailable, TDP deposition can create a primary production of 8.0 mg C/m2/d, which can support 1.3%–4.4% of the new production in the East China Sea.
Non‐Stationary Lags and Legacies in Ecosystem Flux Response to Antecedent Rainfall
Authors: Cranko Page Jon , De Kauwe Martin G. , Abramowitz Gab , Pitman Andy J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEcosystem function can be affected directly by climate, including by meteorological extremes, and also by sustained lags and legacies on timescales that surpass those of the weather events themselves. However, important gaps remain in our understanding of the influence and timescale of persistence of antecedent climate, known as environmental memory, on terrestrial carbon and water fluxes. Identifying the interactions between the lagged response to climate and the legacies to climate extremes, and whether the influence of memory varies through time, has not been fully explored. Here, we used a novel k‐means clustering plus regression approach to examine timeseries of the sensitivity of terrestrial fluxes to antecedent precipitation at 65 eddy‐covariance sites across a range of ecosystems. Quantifying the sensitivity to past precipitation and temperature reveals that the role of memory in ecosystem fluxes varies across sites and in time. When memory was accounted for in the model, relative improvement in modeled site flux r2 compared to an instantaneous model varied between 0% and 57%, with mean of 12%. Our results show that vegetation type was a stronger predictor of memory importance than site aridity, implying a need to understand vegetation resilience conferred by physiological traits and acclimation capacity. The influence of memory varied strongly through time at many sites, with the role of different timescales exhibiting consistent non‐stationarity. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for time‐varying vegetation response to antecedent rainfall in land surface models to accurately predict future terrestrial fluxes.
Isolating the Poroelastic Response of the Groundwater System in InSAR Data From the Central Valley of California
Authors: Kang S. , Knight R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWorking with 5 years (2015–2019) of high quality interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data covering the Central Valley of California, we developed a new approach to isolate the poroelastic component in InSAR data by estimating and removing the hydrologic loading component. K‐means clustering was used to identify the InSAR deformation time series dominated by the loading response and those dominated by the poroelastic response. The former time series include seasonal oscillations of uplift and subsidence related to mass changes in snow and ice in the adjacent mountain range, while the latter include interannual deformation and seasonal oscillations related to changing head in the valley. The loading component accounts for, on average, 56 ± 12% of the deformation in the Central Valley. Without correcting for the loading response, the deformation due to the poroelastic response (and therefore any derived estimate of change in head) is underestimated by 50%–60% in areas of the valley.
Insulin signaling is critical for sinoatrial node maintenance and function
Authors: Ock Sangmi , Choi Seong Woo , Choi Seung Hee , Kang Hyun , Kim Sung Joon , Lee Wang-Soo , Kim Jaetaek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInsulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling regulate cellular growth and glucose metabolism in the myocardium. However, their physiological role in the cells of the cardiac conduction system has never been explored. Therefore, we sought to determine the spatiotemporal function of insulin/IGF-1 receptors in the sinoatrial node (SAN). We generated cardiac conduction cell-specific inducible IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) knockout (KO) (CSIGF1RKO), insulin receptor (IR) KO (CSIRKO), and IR/IGF-1R double-KO (CSDIRKO) mice and evaluated their phenotypes. Telemetric electrocardiography revealed regular sinus rhythm in CSIGF1RKO mice, indicating that IGF-1R is dispensable for normal pacemaking. In contrast, CSIRKO and CSDIRKO mice exhibited profound sinus bradycardia. CSDIRKO mice showed typical sinus node dysfunction characterized by junctional rhythm and sinus pauses on electrocardiography. Interestingly, the lack of an insulin receptor in the SAN cells of CSIRKO and CSDIRKO mice caused sinus nodal fibrosis. Mechanistically, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) protein expression significantly decreased in the CSIRKO and CSDIRKO mice relative to the controls. A patch-clamp study of the SAN cells of CSIRKO mice revealed a significant decrease in the funny current, which is responsible for spontaneous diastolic depolarization in the SAN. This result suggested that insulin receptor loss reduces the heart rate via downregulation of the HCN4 channel. Additionally, HCN1 expression was decreased in CSDIRKO mice, explaining their sinus node dysfunction. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role of insulin/IGF-1 signaling in sinus node structural maintenance and pacemaker function.
Chronic LCMV infection regulates the effector T cell response by inducing the generation of less immunogenic dendritic cells
Authors: Yoo Seungbo , Jeong Yun Hee , Choi Hong-Hee , Chae Sehyun , Hwang Daehee , Shin Sung Jae , Ha Sang-Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic viral infection impairs systemic immunity in the host; however, the mechanism underlying the dysfunction of immune cells in chronic viral infection is incompletely understood. In this study, we studied the lineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during chronic viral infection to elucidate the changes in dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and subsequent impact on T cell functionality using a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model. We first investigated the lineage differentiation of HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) to elucidate the modulation of immune cell differentiation and found that the populations highly restrained in their differentiation were common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs). Of interest, the main immune cells infected with LCMV Clone 13 (CL13) in the BM were CD11b/c+ myeloid DCs. We next characterized CD11b+ DCs that differentiated during chronic LCMV infection. These DCs displayed a less immunogenic phenotype than DCs in naive or acutely infected mice, showing low expression of CD80 but high expression of PD-L1, B7-H4, IDO, TGF-β, and IL-10. Consequently, these CD11b+ DCs induced less effective CD8+ T cells and more Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, CD11b+ DCs generated during CL13 infection could not induce effective CD8+ T cells specific to the antigens of newly invading pathogens. Our findings demonstrate that DCs generated from the BM during chronic viral infection cannot activate fully functional effector CD8+ T cells specific to newly incoming antigens as well as persistent antigens themselves, suggesting a potential cause of the functional alterations in the T cell immune response during chronic viral infection.
Noncanonical role of singleminded-2s in mitochondrial respiratory chain formation in breast cancer
Authors: Wall Steven W. , Sanchez Lilia , Tuttle Kelly Scribner , Pearson Scott J. , Soma Shivatheja , Wyatt Garhett L. , Carter Hannah N. , Jenschke Ramsey M. , Tan Lin , Martinez Sara A. , Lorenzi Philip L. , Gohil Vishal M. , Rijnkels Monique , Porter Weston W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDysregulation of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of breast cancer progression and is associated with metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Here, we show that the breast tumor suppressor gene SIM2 promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) using breast cancer cell line models. Mechanistically, we found that SIM2s functions not as a transcription factor but localizes to mitochondria and directly interacts with the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) to facilitate functional supercomplex (SC) formation. Loss of SIM2s expression disrupts SC formation through destabilization of MRC Complex III, leading to inhibition of electron transport, although Complex I (CI) activity is retained. A metabolomic analysis showed that knockout of SIM2s leads to a compensatory increase in ATP production through glycolysis and accelerated glutamine-driven TCA cycle production of NADH, creating a favorable environment for high cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that SIM2s is a novel stabilizing factor required for SC assembly, providing insight into the impact of the MRC on metabolic adaptation and breast cancer progression.
Rhodopsin-mediated nutrient uptake by cultivated photoheterotrophic Verrucomicrobiota
Authors: Bar-Shalom Rinat , Rozenberg Andrey , Lahyani Matan , Hassanzadeh Babak , Sahoo Gobardhan , Haber Markus , Burgsdorf Ilia , Tang Xinyu , Squatrito Valeria , Gomez-Consarnau Laura , Béjà Oded , Steindler Laura 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rhodopsin photosystems convert light energy into electrochemical gradients used by the cell to produce ATP, or for other energy-demanding processes. While these photosystems are widespread in the ocean and have been identified in diverse microbial taxonomic groups, their physiological role in vivo has only been studied in few marine bacterial strains. Recent metagenomic studies revealed the presence of rhodopsin genes in the understudied Verrucomicrobiota phylum, yet their distribution within different Verrucomicrobiota lineages, their diversity, and function remain unknown. In this study, we show that more than 7% of Verrucomicrobiota genomes (n = 2916) harbor rhodopsins of different types. Furthermore, we describe the first two cultivated rhodopsin-containing strains, one harboring a proteorhodopsin gene and the other a xanthorhodopsin gene, allowing us to characterize their physiology under laboratory-controlled conditions. The strains were isolated in a previous study from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and read mapping of 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed the highest abundances of these strains at the deep chlorophyll maximum (source of their inoculum) in winter and spring, with a substantial decrease in summer. Genomic analysis of the isolates suggests that motility and degradation of organic material, both energy demanding functions, may be supported by rhodopsin phototrophy in Verrucomicrobiota. Under culture conditions, we show that rhodopsin phototrophy occurs under carbon starvation, with light-mediated energy generation supporting sugar transport into the cells. Overall, this study suggests that photoheterotrophic Verrucomicrobiota may occupy an ecological niche where energy harvested from light enables bacterial motility toward organic matter and supports nutrient uptake.
Regulation of social interaction in mice by a frontostriatal circuit modulated by established hierarchical relationships
Authors: Fetcho Robert N. , Hall Baila S. , Estrin David J. , Walsh Alexander P. , Schuette Peter J. , Kaminsky Jesse , Singh Ashna , Roshgodal Jacob , Bavley Charlotte C. , Nadkarni Viraj , Antigua Susan , Huynh Thu N. , Grosenick Logan , Carthy Camille , Komer Lauren , Adhikari Avishek , Lee Francis S. , Rajadhyaksha Anjali M. , Liston Conor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial hierarchies exert a powerful influence on behavior, but the neurobiological mechanisms that detect and regulate hierarchical interactions are not well understood, especially at the level of neural circuits. Here, we use fiber photometry and chemogenetic tools to record and manipulate the activity of nucleus accumbens-projecting cells in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC-NAcSh) during tube test social competitions. We show that vmPFC-NAcSh projections signal learned hierarchical relationships, and are selectively recruited by subordinate mice when they initiate effortful social dominance behavior during encounters with a dominant competitor from an established hierarchy. After repeated bouts of social defeat stress, this circuit is preferentially activated during social interactions initiated by stress resilient individuals, and plays a necessary role in supporting social approach behavior in subordinated mice. These results define a necessary role for vmPFC-NAcSh cells in the adaptive regulation of social interaction behavior based on prior hierarchical interactions.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using La-Ni bimetallic sites within a covalent organic framework
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Zhiqing , Mei Aohan , Yang Zifan , Chen Wen , Ou Siyong , Wang Shengyao , Chen Keqiang , Reiss Peter , Qi Kun , Ma Jingyuan , Liu Yueli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe precise construction of photocatalysts with diatomic sites that simultaneously foster light absorption and catalytic activity is a formidable challenge, as both processes follow distinct pathways. Herein, an electrostatically driven self-assembly approach is used, where phenanthroline is used to synthesize bifunctional LaNi sites within covalent organic framework. The La and Ni site acts as optically and catalytically active center for photocarriers generation and highly selective CO2-to-CO reduction, respectively. Theory calculations and in-situ characterization reveal the directional charge transfer between La-Ni double-atomic sites, leading to decreased reaction energy barriers of *COOH intermediate and enhanced CO2-to-CO conversion. As a result, without any additional photosensitizers, a 15.2 times enhancement of the CO2 reduction rate (605.8 μmol·g−1·h−1) over that of a benchmark covalent organic framework colloid (39.9 μmol·g−1·h−1) and improved CO selectivity (98.2%) are achieved. This work presents a potential strategy for integrating optically and catalytically active centers to enhance photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Structure-forming CAG/CTG repeats interfere with gap repair to cause repeat expansions and chromosome breaks
Authors: Polleys Erica J. , Del Priore Isabella , Haber James E. , Freudenreich Catherine H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExpanded CAG/CTG repeats are sites of DNA damage, leading to repeat length changes. Homologous recombination (HR) is one cause of repeat instability and we hypothesized that gap filling was a driver of repeat instability during HR. To test this, we developed an assay such that resection and ssDNA gap fill-in would occur across a (CAG)70 or (CTG)70 repeat tract. When the ssDNA template was a CTG sequence, there were increased repeat contractions and a fragile site was created leading to large-scale deletions. When the CTG sequence was on the resected strand, resection was inhibited, resulting in repeat expansions. Increased nucleolytic processing by deletion of Rad9, the ortholog of 53BP1, rescued repeat instability and chromosome breakage. Loss of Rad51 increased contractions implicating a protective role for Rad51 on ssDNA. Together, our work implicates structure-forming repeats as an impediment to resection and gap-filling which can lead to mutations and large-scale deletions.
Tethered agonist activated ADGRF1 structure and signalling analysis reveal basis for G protein coupling
Authors: Jones Daniel T. D. , Dates Andrew N. , Rawson Shaun D. , Burruss Maggie M. , Lipper Colin H. , Blacklow Stephen C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdhesion G Protein Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) have evolved an activation mechanism to translate extracellular force into liberation of a tethered agonist (TA) to effect cell signalling. We report here that ADGRF1 can signal through all major G protein classes and identify the structural basis for a previously reported Gαq preference by cryo-EM. Our structure shows that Gαq preference in ADGRF1 may derive from tighter packing at the conserved F569 of the TA, altering contacts between TM helix I and VII, with a concurrent rearrangement of TM helix VII and helix VIII at the site of Gα recruitment. Mutational studies of the interface and of contact residues within the 7TM domain identify residues critical for signalling, and suggest that Gαs signalling is more sensitive to mutation of TA or binding site residues than Gαq. Our work advances the detailed molecular understanding of aGPCR TA activation, identifying features that potentially explain preferential signal modulation.
Spatiotemporal distribution of power outages with climate events and social vulnerability in the USA
Authors: Do Vivian , McBrien Heather , Flores Nina M. , Northrop Alexander J. , Schlegelmilch Jeffrey , Kiang Mathew V. , Casey Joan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPower outages threaten public health. While outages will likely increase with climate change, an aging electrical grid, and increased energy demand, little is known about their frequency and distribution within states. Here, we characterize 2018–2020 outages, finding an average of 520 million customer-hours total without power annually across 2447 US counties (73.7% of the US population). 17,484 8+ hour outages (a medically-relevant duration with potential health consequences) and 231,174 1+ hour outages took place, with greatest prevalence in Northeastern, Southern, and Appalachian counties. Arkansas, Louisiana, and Michigan counties experience a dual burden of frequent 8+ hour outages and high social vulnerability and prevalence of electricity-dependent durable medical equipment use. 62.1% of 8+ hour outages co-occur with extreme weather/climate events, particularly heavy precipitation, anomalous heat, and tropical cyclones. Results could support future large-scale epidemiology studies, inform equitable disaster preparedness and response, and prioritize geographic areas for resource allocation and interventions.
A link between STK signalling and capsular polysaccharide synthesis in Streptococcus suis
Authors: Tang Jinsheng , Guo Mengru , Chen Min , Xu Bin , Ran Tingting , Wang Weiwu , Ma Zhe , Lin Huixing , Fan Hongjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), an important virulence factor of pathogenic bacteria, is modulated by the CpsBCD phosphoregulatory system in Streptococcus. Serine/threonine kinases (STKs, e.g. Stk1) can also regulate CPS synthesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we identify a protein (CcpS) that is phosphorylated by Stk1 and modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB inStreptococcus suis, thus linking Stk1 to CPS synthesis. The crystal structure of CcpS shows an intrinsically disordered region at its N-terminus, including two threonine residues that are phosphorylated by Stk1. The activity of phosphatase CpsB is inhibited when bound to non-phosphorylated CcpS. Thus, CcpS modulates the activity of phosphatase CpsB thereby altering CpsD phosphorylation, which in turn modulates the expression of the Wzx-Wzy pathway and thus CPS production.
Photothermal-enabled single-atom catalysts for high-efficiency hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis from natural seawater
Authors: Wang Wei , Song Qun , Luo Qiang , Li Linqian , Huo Xiaobing , Chen Shipeng , Li Jinyang , Li Yunhong , Shi Se , Yuan Yihui , Du Xiwen , Zhang Kai , Wang Ning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a powerful industrial oxidant and potential carbon-neutral liquid energy carrier. Sunlight-driven synthesis of H2O2from the most earth-abundant O2and seawater is highly desirable. However, the solar-to-chemical efficiency of H2O2synthesis in particulate photocatalysis systems is low. Here, we present a cooperative sunlight-driven photothermal-photocatalytic system based on cobalt single-atom supported on sulfur doped graphitic carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure (Co–CN@G) to boost H2O2photosynthesis from natural seawater. By virtue of the photothermal effect and synergy between Co single atoms and the heterostructure, Co–CN@G enables a solar-to-chemical efficiency of more than 0.7% under simulated sunlight irradiation. Theoretical calculations verify that the single atoms combined with heterostructure significantly promote the charge separation, facilitate O2absorption and reduce the energy barriers for O2reduction and water oxidation, eventually boosting H2O2photoproduction. The single-atom photothermal-photocatalytic materials may provide possibility of large-scale H2O2production from inexhaustible seawater in a sustainable way.
Phytochemical screening and in-vitro biological properties of unprocessed and household processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) seeds and leaves
Authors: Salam Shaimaa G. Abdel , Rashed Mohamed M. , Ibrahim Nabih A. , Rahim Emam A. Abdel , Aly Tahany A. A. , AL-Farga Ammar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe impact of household processes on fenugreek leaves and seeds has been analyzed for total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid content (TF), and in-vitro biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Processes included air-drying for leaves and germinating, soaking, and boiling for seeds. Air-dried fenugreek leaves (ADFL) had high TP (15.27 mg GAE g−1 D.W.) and TF (7.71 mg QE g−1 D.W.) (milligram quercetin equivalents per gram dry weight). The TP contents of unprocessed, germinated, soaked, and boiled seeds were 6.54, 5.60, 4.59, and 3.84 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight (mg GAE g−1 D.W.), respectively. The TF contents in unprocessed fenugreek seeds, germinated fenugreek seeds, soaked fenugreek seeds, and boiled fenugreek seeds (BFS) were 4.23, 2.11, 2.10, and 2.33 mg QE g−1 D.W., respectively. Sixteen phenolic and nineteen flavonoid compounds has been identified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH·), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+·), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP·) assays indicated that ADFL had the highest activity. Antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against each of the eight pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. ADFL showed the strongest activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 0.03 to 1.06 and 0.04 to 1.18 mg ml·1 against bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in-vitro against RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using the nitric oxide (NO) assay. Results revealed that ADFL had the highest cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity according to the NO assay. Household processes significantly reduced the in-vitro biological properties of processed seeds.