bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between birth‐related factors and periodontitis in women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2018
Authors: Kim Na‐Yeong , Kim Ji‐Eun , Choi Choong‐Ho , Chung Ki‐Ho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimAdult women experience several changes in physiological status, such as pregnancy and childbirth, during their life cycle. This study analyses the association between birth‐related factors (the number of childbirths, abortions and miscarriages) and periodontitis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which represents Korean adults.Materials and MethodsThe study used data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI and VII (2013–2018) and included 10,072 women 19 years or older, with no missing data on the variables assessed. Periodontitis was defined according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, household income, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, body mass index, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, an oral examination within 1 year, daily tooth brushing frequency, hygiene products and self‐perceived oral health as identified via logistic regression analyses, was performed to determine the association between birth‐related variables and periodontitis.ResultsIn the crude model, the odds ratio (OR) showed a significantly increased risk of periodontitis (CPI ≥ 3) and severe periodontitis (CPI = 4) based on the number of childbirths, abortions and miscarriages (p < .05). After covariate adjustment, periodontitis (CPI ≥ 3) was associated with the number of childbirths (1: OR = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–2.50; 2: OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.57–2.61; ≥3: OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.60–2.78). Furthermore, severe periodontitis (CPI = 4) was also associated with the number of childbirths (1: OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.24–4.38; 2: OR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.62–5.52; ≥3: OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.79–6.21).ConclusionsThe findings of this large‐scale, nationally representative study suggest that the number of childbirths is associated with the severity of periodontitis. However, the relationship between the number of abortions and miscarriages and periodontitis (CPI ≥ 3) or severe periodontitis (CPI = 4) is not significant.
Rapid screening for resistance of maize inbred and hybrid lines against southern corn leaf blight
Authors: Shukuru Bitaisha Nakishuka , Archana T. S. , Kangela Alain Matazi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBipolaris is one of the most important phytopathogenic fungal genera to cause disease in cereal crops. Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) is a pandemic and widespread disease; it's found everywhere corn is grown, causing a noticeable reduction in crop yield. Most cultivated varieties of maize do not resist SCLB disease where it is reported. Nevertheless, previous researchers have reported some resistant varieties of maize. In this study, we tested inbred and hybrid lines collected from ICAR‐IIMR based in Ludhiana against the disease. The field experiment was setup using a Randomized Block Design with three replications in natural conditions. Here we evaluated lines by quantifying disease pressure, yield, and their attributes. Moreover, model‐based clustering allowed the identification of five groups. For the SCLB disease confirmation, infected maize leaves were collected and used for pathogen isolation, and a pure culture was maintained. Both disease assessment and data analysis focused more specifically on characters that showed significant differences between means, especially leaf area, percentage of leaf infection, disease incidence, disease severity, disease index by plot basis, number of grain rows formed per ear, weight of maize kernels per ear, each corn ear weight, shelling percentage, and grain yield. The two best clusters identified, namely Group 1 and Group 2, together comprise 11002, 11009, 11026, 11030, 11069, 11149, 11153, 11185, 11328, 11333, 11337, 11347, 11370, 11385, 11074, 11351, 11356, 11357, 11608, and Karav‐8523 lines. As per disease reaction, CM‐500 is individually one of the best lines in terms of SCLB resistance. Specific symptoms were clearly found on leaves, and pseudo‐septate conidia were observed under the microscope. Thus, several lines exhibited highly resistant reactions against SCLB, especially 11002, 11009, 11026, 11069, 11074, 11337, 11347, 11385, and CM‐500, and can still be recommended for farmers and in breeding programmes, for future usefulness as industries are complaining of maize shortages, and they present a great commercial potential.
Improving sleep after stroke: A randomised controlled trial of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia
Authors: Fleming Melanie K. , Smejka Tom , Macey Ellie , Luengo‐Fernandez Ramon , Henry Alasdair L. , Robinson Barbara , Kyle Simon D. , Espie Colin A. , Johansen‐Berg Heidi 
Published: July 2023

SummaryStroke is frequently accompanied by long‐term sleep disruption. We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia to improve sleep after stroke. A parallel group randomised controlled trial was conducted remotely in participant's homes/online. Randomisation was online with minimisation of between‐group differences in age and baseline Sleep Condition Indicator‐8 score. In total, 86 community‐dwelling stroke survivors consented, of whom 84 completed baseline assessments (39 female, mean 5.5 years post‐stroke, mean 59 years old), and were randomised to digital cognitive behavioural therapy or control (sleep hygiene information). Follow‐up was at post‐intervention (mean 75 days after baseline) and 8 weeks later. The primary outcome was self‐reported insomnia symptoms, as per the Sleep Condition Indicator‐8 (range 0–32, lower numbers indicate more severe insomnia, reliable change 7 points) at post‐intervention. There were significant improvements in Sleep Condition Indicator‐8 for digital cognitive behavioural therapy compared with control (intention‐to‐treat, digital cognitive behavioural therapy n = 48, control n = 36, 5 imputed datasets, effect of group p ≤ 0.02,  = 0.07–0.12 [medium size effect], pooled mean difference = −3.35). Additionally, secondary outcomes showed shorter self‐reported sleep‐onset latencies and better mood for the digital cognitive behavioural therapy group, but no significant differences for self‐efficacy, quality of life or actigraphy‐derived sleep parameters. Cost‐effectiveness analysis found that digital cognitive behavioural therapy dominates over control (non‐significant cost savings and higher quality‐adjusted life years). No related serious adverse events were reported to the researchers. Overall, digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia effectively improves sleep after stroke. Future research is needed to assess earlier stages post‐stroke, with a longer follow‐up period to determine whether it should be included as part of routine post‐stroke care. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04272892.
Entrepreneurial identity and entrepreneurial action: A within‐person field study
Authors: Stevenson Regan , Guarana Cristiano L. , Lee Jaewook , Conder Savannah L. , Arvate Paulo , Bonani Charles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEntrepreneurial action theory establishes that effective entrepreneurship requires daily action. Yet, empirical research on the daily antecedents of entrepreneurial action is relatively absent from the literature. We develop an entrepreneurial identity intervention and a theoretical model which integrates entrepreneurial identity theory with integrative self‐control theory (ISCT). We theorize that an entrepreneurial identity intervention administered in the morning will increase entrepreneurial action throughout the day. Further, we develop and test hypotheses regarding two mediating pathways, a motivation‐based pathway that relies on the felt passion of the entrepreneur and a control capacity‐based pathway that is connected to the entrepreneur's cognitive flexibility. We conducted two studies to validate the effectiveness of our intervention (Studies 1a and 1b) and four studies to test the validity and effectiveness of our experimental materials and measures (Studies A1a, A1b, A1c, and 2a). Our main study investigates the daily antecedents and mechanisms of entrepreneurial action using a within‐individual field experiment with 201 entrepreneurs (1458 daily observations). Overall, we find more within‐person than between‐person variance in entrepreneurial identity, daily action, and hypothesized meditators. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for the entrepreneurship and organizational behavior literatures.
Scleral fixation of a novel modified, injected canine intraocular lens by haptic capture, in 17 dogs
Authors: Lewin Gary A. , Dixon Christopher J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aims of lens removal surgery are to re‐establish or preserve both a clear visual axis and emmetropic vision. Trans‐scleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation has been described in cases where lens capsule instability precludes the insertion of a prosthetic intraocular lens into the lens capsule. Previous techniques have necessitated enlargement of the corneal incision to accommodate either a rigid polymethylmethacrylate IOL or an acrylic foldable IOL inserted using forceps. This paper reports the modification of an endocapsular IOL to be used as an injectable suture‐fixated IOL introduced through a 2.8 mm corneal incision.Materials and MethodsAll cases underwent lens extraction by phacoemulsification followed by removal of the unstable lens capsule. A PFI X4 IOL (Medicontur) was modified to create four open‐loop haptics. The IOL was injected into the anterior chamber, each haptic was captured in a loop of suture introduced ab externo, and the lens was sutured with four‐point fixation.ResultsThe results from 20 eyes in 17 dogs are reported. Over an average follow‐up time of 14.5 months, vision was retained in 16/20 eyes. Vision was lost in four eyes due to corneal ulceration and ocular hypertension (1/20), retinal detachment (2/20), and Progressive Retinal Atrophy (1/20).ConclusionsThe modified PFI X4 proved suitable for injection and scleral fixation through a 2.8 mm corneal incision, with a success rate comparable to previously published techniques.
Direct interaction of small non-coding RNAs CjNC140 and CjNC110 optimizes expression of key pathogenic phenotypes of
Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Ruddell Brandon , Hassall Alan , Moss Walter N. , Sahin Orhan , Plummer Paul J. , Zhang Qijing , Kreuder Amanda J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are important players in modulating gene expression in bacterial pathogens, but their functions are largely undetermined in
Campylobacter jejuni
, an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, we elucidated the functions of sRNA CjNC140 and its interaction with CjNC110, a previously characterized sRNA involved in the regulation of several virulence phenotypes of
C. jejuni
. Inactivation of CjNC140 increased motility, autoagglutination, L-methionine concentration, autoinducer-2 production, hydrogen peroxide resistance, and early chicken colonization, indicating a primarily inhibitory role of CjNC140 for these phenotypes. Apart from motility, all these effects directly contrasted the previously demonstrated positive regulation by CjNC110, suggesting that CjNC110 and CjNC140 operate in an opposite manner to modulate physiologic processes in
C. jejuni
. RNAseq and northern blotting further demonstrated that expression of CjNC140 increased in the absence of CjNC110, while expression of CjNC110 decreased in the absence of CjNC140, suggesting a possibility of their direct interaction. Indeed, electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated a direct binding between the two sRNAs via GA- (CjNC110) and CU- (CjNC140) rich stem-loops. Additionally, RNAseq and follow-up experiments identified that CjNC140 positively regulates
p19
, which encodes a key iron uptake transporter in
Campylobacter
. Furthermore, computational analysis revealed both CjNC140 and CjNC110 are highly conserved in
C. jejuni,
and the predicted secondary structures support CjNC140 as a functional homolog of the iron regulatory sRNA, RyhB. These findings establish CjNC140 and CjNC110 as a key checks-and- balances mechanism in maintaining homeostasis of gene expression and optimizing phenotypes critical for
C. jejuni
pathobiology.

IMPORTANCE

Gene regulation is critical to all aspects of pathogenesis of bacterial disease, and small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) represent a new frontier in gene regulation of bacteria. In
Campylobacter jejuni
, the role of sRNAs remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the role of two highly conserved sRNAs, CjNC110 and CjNC140, and demonstrate that CjNC140 displays a primarily inhibitory role in contrast to a primarily activating role for CjNC110 for several key virulence-associated phenotypes. Our results also revealed that the sRNA regulatory pathway is intertwined with the iron uptake system, another virulence mechanism critical for
in vivo
colonization. These findings open a new direction for understanding
C. jejuni
pathobiology and identify potential targets for intervention for this major foodborne pathogen.
Development of monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA for detecting SARS-CoV-2 exposure in animals
Authors: Yuan Fangfeng , Chen Chi , Covaleda Lina M. , Martins Mathias , Reinhart Jennifer M. , Sullivan Drew R. , Diel Diego G. , Fang Ying 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to public health. Besides humans, SARS-CoV-2 can infect several animal species. Highly sensitive and specific diagnostic reagents and assays are urgently needed for rapid detection and implementation of strategies for prevention and control of the infection in animals. In this study, we initially developed a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. To detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a broad spectrum of animal species, an mAb-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA) was developed. Test validation using a set of animal serum samples with known infection status obtained an optimal percentage of inhibition cut-off value of 17.6% with diagnostic sensitivity of 97.8% and diagnostic specificity of 98.9%. The assay demonstrates high repeatability as determined by a low coefficient of variation (7.23%, 4.89%, and 3.16%) between-runs, within-run, and within-plate, respectively. Testing of samples collected over time from experimentally infected cats showed that the bELISA was able to detect seroconversion as early as 7 days post-infection. Subsequently, the bELISA was applied for testing pet animals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like symptoms and specific antibody responses were detected in two dogs. The panel of mAbs generated in this study provides a valuable tool for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics and research. The mAb-based bELISA provides a serological test in aid of COVID-19 surveillance in animals.

IMPORTANCE
Antibody tests are commonly used as a diagnostic tool for detecting host immune response following infection. Serology (antibody) tests complement nucleic acid assays by providing a history of virus exposure, no matter symptoms developed from infection or the infection was asymptomatic. Serology tests for COVID-19 are in high demand, especially when the vaccines become available. They are important to determine the prevalence of the viral infection in a population and identify individuals who have been infected or vaccinated. ELISA is a simple and practically reliable serological test, which allows high-throughput implementation in surveillance studies. Several COVID-19 ELISA kits are available. However, they are mostly designed for human samples and species-specific secondary antibody is required for indirect ELISA format. This paper describes the development of an all species applicable monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based blocking ELISA to facilitate the detection and surveillance of COVID-19 in animals.
Li isotope ratios of spring fluids as an effective tracer of slab-derived subducted sources across the Costa Rica forearc
Authors: Helper Jacob P. , Barnes Jaime D. , de Moor J. Maarten , Rodríguez Alejandro , Barry Peter H. , Ramos Evan J. , Lassiter John C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Spring waters from across the Costa Rica margin were analyzed for their Li and He isotope compositions to determine the utility of Li isotopes as a tracer of volatile sources in subduction zones. Li isotope ratios systematically decrease with increasing depth to the subducting slab: averaging +15.0‰ ± 9.2‰ in the outer forearc (&lt;40 km to the slab), +9.3‰ ± 4.3‰ in the forearc (40–80 km to the slab), and +5.8‰ ± 2.8‰ in the arc (&gt;80 km to the slab). In contrast, air-corrected 3He/4He values (reported relative to the ratio in air, RA) range from 0.4 to 7.5 RA and increase from predominantly crustal values near the trench to mantle values in the arc. Together, these data support progressive devolatilization of the subducting plate with slab-derived Li components sourced from shallowly expelled pore fluids in the outer forearc, sedimentary and/or altered oceanic crust contributing to the forearc, and limited slab input beneath the arc.
Navigation-guided transcaruncular orbital optic canal decompression in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy: long-term outcomes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Kasturi , Soni Deepak , Venkatraman Vatsalya , Grewal Aditi Mehta , Rehman Obaidur , Bhattacharjee Pragya , Bhattacharjee Harsha 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo determine the surgical outcomes using navigation-guided transcaruncular orbital optic canal decompression (NGTcOCD) and investigate the relationship between visual prognosis. visual evoked potential (VEP), association with DeLano type of optic canal and Onodi cells in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).DesignProspective observational.MethodsFifty-two consecutive patients with indirect TON unresponsive to steroid therapy were divided into three groups where Group I comprised of cases with optic canal fracture who underwent NGTcOCD, Group II without optic canal fracture who underwent NGTcOCD and Group III, no-decompression group who chose not to undergo NGTcOCD. An improvement in visual acuity (VA) at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year and amplitude and latency of VEP at 1 year were considered as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.ResultsThe mean VA improved from 2.55±0.67 and 2.62±0.56 LogMAR at presentation to 2.03±0.96 and 2.33±0.72 LogMAR at final follow-up among Group I and Group II patients, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.01). Statistically significant improvement observed among both the Groups in VEP amplitude (p=<0.01) and among Group II in VEP latency (p<0.01). Both Group I and Group II patients have better outcomes than patients in no-decompression group. VA at presentation and Type 1 DeLano optic canal were observed as significant prognostic factors.ConclusionsNGTcOCD serves as a minimally invasive transcaruncular route to the optic canal which enables ophthalmologists to perform decompression from the anterior-most orbital end under direct visualisation. Patients with indirect TON with or without optic canal fracture and unresponsive to steroid therapy when managed with NGTcOCD have shown comparable and superior outcomes.
Did the Acute Frailty Network improve outcomes for older people living with frailty? A staggered difference-in-difference panel event study
Authors: Street Andrew , Maynou Laia , Conroy Simon 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the Acute Frailty Network (AFN) was more effective than usual practice in supporting older people living with frailty to return home from hospital sooner and healthier.DesignStaggered difference-in-difference panel event study allowing for differential effects across intervention cohorts.SettingAll English National Health Service (NHS) acute hospital sites.ParticipantsAll 1 410 427 NHS patients aged 75+ with high frailty risk who had an emergency hospital admission to acute, general or geriatric medicine departments between 1 January 2012 and 31 March 2019.InterventionMembership of the AFN, a quality improvement collaborative designed to support acute hospitals in England deliver evidence-based care for older people with frailty. 66 hospital sites joined the AFN in six sequential cohorts, the first starting in January 2015, the sixth in May 2018. Usual care was delivered in the remaining 248 control sites.Main outcome measuresLength of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, institutionalisation, hospital readmission.ResultsNo significant effects of AFN membership were found for any of the four outcomes nor were there significant effects for any individual cohort.ConclusionsTo realise its aims, the AFN might need to develop better resourced intervention and implementation strategies.
Regional variations in inpatient decompensated cirrhosis mortality may be associated with access to specialist care: results from a multicentre retrospective study
Authors:   The Trainee Collaborative for Research and Audit in Hepatology UK
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSpecialist centres have been developed to deliver high-quality Hepatology care. However, there is geographical inequity in accessing these centres in the United Kingdom (UK). We aimed to assess the impact of these centres on decompensated cirrhosis patient outcomes and understand which patients transfer to specialist centres.MethodsA UK multicentred retrospective observational study was performed including emergency admissions for patients with decompensated cirrhosis in November 2019. Admissions were grouped by specialist/non-specialist centre designation, National Health Service region and whether a transfer to a more specialist centre occurred or not. Univariable and multivariable comparisons were made.Results1224 admissions (1168 patients) from 104 acute hospitals were included in this analysis. Patients at specialist centres were more likely to be managed by a Consultant Gastroenterologist/Hepatologist on a Gastroenterology/Hepatology ward. Only 24 patients were transferred to a more specialist centre. These patients were more likely to be admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding and were not using alcohol. Specialist centres eliminated regional variations in mortality which were present at non-specialist centres. Low specialist Consultant staffing numbers impacted mortality at non-specialist centres (aOR 2.15 (95% CI 1.18 to 4.07)) but not at specialist centres. Hospitals within areas of high prevalence of deprivation were more likely to have lower specialist Consultant staffing numbers.ConclusionsSpecialist Hepatology centres improve patient care and standardise outcomes for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. There is a need to support service development and care delivery at non-specialist centres. Formal referral pathways are required to ensure all patients receive access to specialist interventions.