bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particulate phosphorus in runoff in a Mediterranean agroforestry catchment driven by land use and rainfall characteristics
Authors: Ramos María Concepción , Lizaga Ivan , Gaspar Leticia , Navas Ana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study examined phosphorus (P) delivery and transport in flood events in an agroforestry catchment, with cropland and forestland as the main land uses. Sediments were collected in artificial‐lawn mats (MATs) distributed in five locations across the catchment (MAT1 to MAT5) along 20 seasonal campaigns during 5 years, in which rainfall with different characteristics was recorded. The properties analyzed in the surface soils under different land uses, and in the MATs used for collecting sediments included particle size and other properties such as soil organic matter (SOM), low frequency magnetic susceptibility (χLF) and P and Ti concentrations. The rainfall characteristics of the events recorded in each campaign were analyzed and the campaigns were grouped using cluster analysis taken into account the characteristics of the sediments collected. There was a P enrichment in the sediments compared to the sediment sources. The greatest P concentration was associated to sediment rich in clay and SOM. However, the sediment showed lower χLF, which could be due to higher erosion rates from the most degraded soils. The highest P losses were recorded at the catchment outlet, where the surface occupied by croplands was higher, with P values around 1.3 × times higher than at the headwaters. The differences between monitoring campaigns were attributed to differences in precipitation patterns that influence the hydrological response. The higher P concentration in the sediment during the campaigns that accumulated higher amount of rainfall in shorter periods of time confirmed the direct influence of rainfall intensity on the P mobilization.
Rubio de Francía's weighted extrapolation in mixed‐norm spaces and applications
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Meskhi Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWeighted extrapolation for pairs of functions in mixed‐norm Banach function spaces defined on the product of quasi‐metric measure spaces and are derived. As special cases, we have appropriate results for mixed‐norm Lebesgue, Lorentz, and Orlicz spaces. Some of the derived results are applied to get weighted extrapolation in mixed‐norm grand Lebesgue spaces.
Friedrichs extensions of a class of discrete Hamiltonian systems with one singular endpoint
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Sun Huaqing , Yang Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with Friedrichs extensions for a class of discrete Hamiltonian systems with one singular endpoint. First, Friedrichs extensions of symmetric Hamiltonian systems are characterized by imposing some constraints on each element of domains of the maximal relations H. Furthermore, it is proved that the Friedrichs extension of each of a class of non‐symmetric systems is also a restriction of the maximal relation H by using a closed sesquilinear form. Then, the corresponding Friedrichs extensions are characterized. In addition, ‐self‐adjoint Friedrichs extensions are studied, and two results are given for elements of , which make the expression of the Friedrichs extension simpler. All results are finally applied to Sturm–Liouville equations with matrix‐valued coefficients.
MnO2 Decorated Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Hydrogel Relieving Tumor Hypoxia for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Li Yifan , Wang Jian , Li Hanrong , Guo Miantong , Sun Xiaoyan , Liu Chaoyong , Yu Changyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising cancer treatment modality; however, its therapeutic efficacy is greatly limited by tumor hypoxia. In this study, a metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based hydrogel (MOF Gel) system that synergistically combines PDT with the supply of oxygen is designed. Porphyrin‐based Zr‐MOF nanoparticles are synthesized as the photosensitizer. MnO2 is decorated onto the surface of the MOF, which can effectively convert H₂O₂ into oxygen. Simultaneously, the incorporation of MnO2‐decorated MOF (MnP NPs) into a chitosan hydrogel (MnP Gel) serves to enhance its stability and retention at the tumor site. The results show that this integrated approach significantly improves tumor inhibition efficiency by relieving tumor hypoxia and enhancing PDT. Overall, the findings underscore the potential for employing nano‐MOF‐based hydrogel systems as promising agents for cancer therapy, thus advancing the application of multifunctional MOFs in cancer treatment.
The effect of major customers' geographical distance on enterprise technology innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Shang Duo , Yuan Dongliang , Fan Libo , Yu Xinyue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShort‐distance major customers can capture information. Information is the key to bargaining. Therefore, short‐distance major customers undercut the price of innovation products. However, there is little research between major customers' distance and enterprise innovation. We find that short‐distance major customers are threats to enterprise innovation. IPDC and HSR weaken the relationship. Further research finds that the inhibitory effect of short‐distance major customers is more pronounced when the industry competition degree is high and enterprise market power is low. At distances of more than 1000 km, major customers are no longer threats. Distance is new to the literature about customer characteristics.
Wideband antenna with crescent heads for omnidirectional communications
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Lin , Fu Zhenzhan , Che Wenquan , Chen Zhijian , Liao Shaowei , Li Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates a wideband omnidirectional antenna that possesses 124.7% of fractional bandwidth. The antenna's two crescent‐shaped radiating patches and their ultrawideband matching structures are printed on two laminates that are crossly placed vertically over the ground plane. Simulation shows that the structure on a single laminate radiates an “8”‐shaped pattern on the horizontal plane. The cross formation of the two printed laminates generates an omnidirectional radiation pattern by superimposing two “8”‐shaped patterns perpendicularly. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured for demonstration. The measured results agree well with the simulation, indicating the omnidirectional antenna works from 1.38 to 5.95 GHz with a return loss of −10 dB. Simulation and measurement also show the gain variation on the xoy plane is 2 dB in the band of interest, which is small if the ultrawide bandwidth is considered. The above features make the proposed antenna a promising candidate for applications in the digital cellular system (DCS1800), long‐term evolution (LTE2300/2600), wireless local area network (WLAN2400), and IEEE 802.11p.
Foot‐related impairment in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Lassoued Ferjani Hanene , Cherif Ines , Ben Ammar Lobna , Ben Nessib Dorra , Kaffel Dhia , Maatallah Kaouther , Hamdi Wafa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimFoot involvement is present in approximately 60%–90% of children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It is a major cause of disability, which can lead to deterioration in daily activities and quality of life. However, it is often overlooked and can compromise patient management.PurposeOur objective was to describe the ankle and foot involvement in JIA and to appraise the functional impact of this damage on the child's performance and quality of life by using validated scores.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included patients with JIA. Functional impairment was assessed through the Juvenile Arthritis Functionality Scale (JAFS) and the Oxford Ankle and Foot Questionnaire for children.ResultsTwenty‐three patients aged 12.75 ± 3.9 and with 41 months of disease duration. After completing the Oxford score, the physical domain appeared to be the most altered. A long delay in diagnosis was associated with an alteration in the emotional domain of the Oxford score. Higher disease activity was significantly associated with impairment in both the physical activity and the footwear domains of the Oxford score. As regards clinical examination data, the presence of foot pain as well as the presence of tendinopathy were associated with an alteration of all Oxford score domains. The presence of flat feet significantly affected all domains of the Oxford score. The JAFS was reported to affect the child's performance ability and was associated with impairment in physical activity, school and play, and emotional domains.ConclusionAnkle and foot involvement was common in our study. Functional ability was most impaired in the lower limbs. High disease activity, foot and ankle pain, tenosynovitis, and flat feet were associated with poorer quality of life and higher functional impact.
International Medical Graduates in Otolaryngology Education: The Overlooked Path to Diversity and Inclusivity
Authors: Georgolios Alexandros , Henriquez Oswaldo A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract“International Medical Graduates” (IMGs) make up a large percentage of “underrepresented in medicine” physicians and comprise 25% of the US physician workforce. The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, in its “Statement on Diversity,” has expressed its enduring commitment to inclusion and diversity in all its forms. However, unlike various other specialties, a discussion about integration of IMGs in Otolaryngology has not been raised in our community. This commentary reviews the data on the recruitment of IMGs in Otolaryngology residency programs and highlights the need for a strategic effort to increase their participation in the US residency programs. Strong benefits may be derived from this effort such as promoting inclusivity and diversity of the workforce and increasing the support of the nation's underserved communities.
Fabrication of flame‐retardant wood plastic composites based on wasted bean dregs with recycled PE via mechanochemical crosslinking
Authors: Jier Merewai , Bai Zhicheng , Dai Jinfeng , He Linbo , Yin Feixiang , Lin Zhiqian , Zhang Wangbin , Liu Lina , Qian Lijun , Xiao Youhua , Zhan Xianxu , Song Pingan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFabricating wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) using recycled plastic and wasted biomass materials is one of the effective approaches to alleviate the global energy crisis and reduce carbon emission. However, the unsatisfactory mechanical properties and fire safety hazards significantly limit the application of WPCs. Herein, recycled high density polyethylene (R‐PE), bean dregs and intumesce flame retardant (IFR) were melt‐blended into flame‐retardant WPC by mechanochemical crosslinking. The results show that the as‐prepared WPC within 22 wt% IFR achieves a satisfactory UL‐94 V‐0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 31.0%, exhibiting a 40%, 27.6%, and 16.4% reduction in peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production respectively compared to controlled WPC. The results also revealed an unexpected improvement in the mechanical performance of WPCs using the strategy (elevation of 73.6% in the elastic modulus and 75.9% in the breaking elongation, respectively), which can be attributed to the improved interfacial compatibility between R‐PE, bean dregs and IFR. This work offers an innovative and feasible approach for fabrication of high‐performance fire‐retardant WPC based on recycling waste plastics and agriculture wastes, and contributing to the circular economy and sustainability in accordance with the greening strategy in the world.
Azo‐bridged hydroxyl‐rich porous pillar[5]arene polymers for efficient carbon dioxide conversion
Authors: Guo Qiqi , Zhang Shuguang , Gong Weitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo new azo‐bridged hydroxyl‐rich porous organic polymers (POPs), named PPDA‐P5 and TB‐P5, were designed and successfully fabricated via azo‐coupling reaction with per‐hydroxylated pillar[5]arene macrocycle as the core and p‐phenylenediamine and Troger's base (TB) diamine as the linker, respectively. Owing to the abundant nitrogen and hydroxyl groups, both polymers exhibited excellent interaction affinity toward carbon dioxide (CO2) and then were applied as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the transformation of CO2 to cyclic carbonates with high yield, even under mild conditions. Interestingly, TB‐P5 exhibited superior catalytic performance toward PPDA‐P5, indicating TB's positive role as an organic base. This design strategy and results provided new insight into the development of macrocycle‐based POPs in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Side chain engineering of fluorinated benzothiadiazole‐based polymers: Improving the charge transport in organic field‐effect transistors
Authors: Huang Weihong , Ji Zehua , Fang Qunxiang , Yang Wenming , Xu Wanzhen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree donor‐acceptor (D‐A) polymers P1–P3 are designed and synthesized, with 4,7‐dibromo‐5,6‐difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (FBT) as A and thiophene derivatives as D. All polymers show good thermal stability. The UV–vis absorption spectra show that P1 has too strong aggregation in solution, and it has no obvious temperature‐dependent aggregation (TDA) performance, which is also revealed in the variable temperature UV–vis absorption spectra. P2 film shows the same aggregation as in solution, P3 film shows stronger aggregation than that in solution. Polymers P1 and P2 both have strong TDA properties. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) are prepared based on polymers P1, P2, and P3. OFETs devices prepared with high molecular weight polymers have better performance, and the polymer with 2‐nonyltridecyl side chain leads to the highest hole mobility around 0.252 cm2 V−1 s−1. The results show that the application of high molecular weight polymers and the selection of appropriate side chains are very important for the charge transport performance of OFETs.
Toward a greener future: Exploring sustainable thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Jeon Jong Hyeok , Jung Jae Hwan , Choi Chungryong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are based on a combination of the properties of plastic and elastomers, such as elasticity and processability. Although TPEs are known to be recyclable and reprocessible, their environmental impact remains a concern. To address this issue, researchers have focused on developing sustainable and environmentally friendly TPEs, synthesized from renewable bio‐based sources and capable of decomposing at the end of their lifecycle. Various approaches have been introduced to substitute conventional fossil‐based elastomers; however, limitations still exist in terms of mechanical properties, elastic recovery, cost‐effectiveness and degradability. In this perspective, previous distinguished related studies are discussed to provide valuable insights and guidance for the development of a novel sustainable TPE in the future.
Effect of direct plasma treatment and plasma‐treated liquid on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Özdemir Gizem D. , Ercan Utku K. , Karaman Ozan , Oltulu Fatih 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a highly metastatic cancer. To assess the anticancer activity, two CAP treatment methods—direct treatment and indirect treatment (plasma‐treated N‐acetyl cysteine solution)—were used. Results indicate that both methods selectively target SCC cells, inducing oxidative and nitrosative stress, leading to decreased metabolic activity and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, a critical feature of cancer cells, metastatic behavior is also inhibited by CAP treatment. Coculture experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of CAP treatment in selectively inactivating SCC cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. These findings suggest the potential use of CAP as a selective and effective treatment for SCC.
Coupling of conformational dynamics and inhibitor binding in the phosphodiesterase‐5 family
Authors: Tripathi Shubhandra , Cote Rick H. , Vashisth Harish 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) is responsible for regulating the concentration of the second messenger molecule cGMP by hydrolyzing it into 5′‐GMP. PDE5 is implicated in erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. The substrate binding site in the catalytic domain of PDE5 is surrounded by several dynamic structural motifs (including the α14 helix, M‐loop, and H‐loop) that are known to switch between inactive and active conformational states via currently unresolved structural intermediates. We evaluated the conformational dynamics of these structural motifs in the apo state and upon binding of an allosteric inhibitor (evodiamine) oravanafil, a competitive inhibitor. We employed enhanced sampling‐based replica exchange solute scaling (REST2) method, principal component analysis (PCA), time‐lagged independent component analysis (tICA), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and well‐tempered metadynamics simulations to probe the conformational changes in these structural motifs. Our results support a regulatory mechanism for PDE5, where the α14 helix alternates between an inward (lower activity) conformation and an outward (higher activity) conformation that is accompanied by the folding/unfolding of the α8′ and α8″ helices of the H‐loop. When the allosteric inhibitor evodiamine is bound to PDE5, the inward (inactive) state of the α14 helix is preferred, thus preventing substrate access to the catalytic site. In contrast, competitive inhibitors of PDE5 block catalysis by occupying the active site accompanied by stabilization of the outward conformation of the α14 helix. Defining the conformational dynamics underlying regulation of PDE5 activation will be helpful in rational design of next‐generation small molecules modulators of PDE5 activity.
SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease mutation analysis via a kinematic method
Authors: Chen Xiyu , Leyendecker Sigrid , van den Bedem Henry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the virus responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic. COVID‐19 continues to cause millions of deaths globally in part due to immune‐evading mutations. SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease (Mpro) is an important enzyme for viral replication and potentially an effective drug target. Mutations affect the dynamics of enzymes and thereby their activity and ability to bind ligands. Here, we use kinematic flexibility analysis (KFA) to identify how mutations and ligand binding changes the conformational flexibility of Mpro. KFA decomposes macromolecules into regions of different flexibility near‐instantly from a static structure, allowing conformational dynamics analysis at scale. Altogether, we analyzed 47 mutation sites across 69 Mpro–ligand complexes resulting in more than 3300 different structures which includes 69 mutated structures with all 47 sites mutated simultaneously and 3243 single residue mutated structures. We found that mutations generally increased the conformational flexibility of the protein. Understanding the impact of mutations on the flexibility of Mpro is essential for identifying potential drug targets in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2. Further studies in this area can offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of molecular recognition.
Effects of thermoforming operation and tooling on the thermoformability of plastic‐coated fibre‐based materials
Authors: Afshariantorghabeh Sanaz , Pesonen Antti , Kärki Timo , Leminen Ville 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdvances in the three‐dimensional (3D) forming of fibre‐based materials require the formulation of more formable materials and the development of process lines, machinery, and tools. Using a thermoforming process to convert fibre‐based materials into 3D forms is an emerging area of research which requires further investigation into the practicality of the process line and tooling in forming such materials. Accordingly, this study evaluated the impact of the thermoforming process operation and tooling on the thermoformability of plastic‐coated paperboards. The main objective was to provide design recommendations for the future development of thermoforming lines, followed by guidelines for tooling design to improve the performance of materials utilising the currently available machinery. This study examined the thermoforming behaviour of two different plastic‐coated paperboards in vacuum and pressure thermoforming by investigating their maximum acquired depth, shape accuracy, and damage mechanisms. The research findings, based on the depth and linear elongation achieved, indicate that the inferior performance of plastic‐coated paperboards in thermoforming cannot be wholly attributed to restrictions in the three‐dimensional formability of materials; the inability of the current process lines to utilise the maximum potential of materials can also lead to their inferior performance. Notably, the method of pressure supply and cooling of materials requires adjustment of these materials. From a tooling perspective, owing to the spring‐back effects, the enlargement of the mould dimensions should be considered during the design stage. Additionally, based on potential opportunities with the current unmodified machinery and materials, products in the size of standard food trays have a higher likelihood of being optimised with tooling design than smaller sized shapes, which still require additional developments in materials. Moreover, designing moulds without draft angles can reduce the risk of rupture owing to the prevention of localised stress formation in materials.
Finite time secure state estimation for linear cyber‐physical systems with actuator and sensor attacks
Authors: Liu Ang , Ren Yuwei , Fang Yixian , Song Xinmin , Li Chengdong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis manuscript studies the problem of secure state estimation (SSE) for a class of linear discrete cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) considered with output disturbances, actuator, and sensor attacks. The disturbances and attacks considered are unbounded. A finite time SSE (FTSSE) method is designed to realize SSE for CPSs in a predetermined finite time. First, a finite time observer is designed to implement the FTSSE for CPSs with actuator attacks and output disturbances. After that, the FTSSE method for CPSs with simultaneous sensor attacks is proposed by extending the designed finite time observer. The necessary conditions for the existence of the proposed FTSSE method are given, and its effectiveness is analyzed theoretically. In addition, the simultaneous estimation of disturbance and attack can be achieved by the designed estimator when the system satisfies some given conditions. Finally, the effectiveness of the designed method is verified by a simulation experiment.