bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmetic Treatments with Energy-Based Devices in Skin of Color
Authors: Chao Janet Ren , Porter Jennifer Parker , Hessler Jill 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of energy-based devices in cosmetic treatments for patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types is a topic of concern due to the increased risk of complications such as hyperpigmentation and scarring. Advancements in technology have enabled the development of safe and effective energy-based modalities for improving skin tone, texture, and signs of aging in patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types. This article reviews various modalities that have shown positive outcomes in Fitzpatrick skin types 4 to 6.Radiofrequency (RF) skin tightening devices have emerged as a noninvasive method for improving skin laxity by stimulating collagen and elastin production without generating excessive heat, making them suitable for darker skin tones. Microfocused ultrasound (MFUS) is another noninvasive option for skin tightening and lifting. By producing thermal coagulation in the deeper layers of the skin, MFUS stimulates collagen production, resulting in improved skin tightness. Fractional laser resurfacing, both ablative and nonablative, offers effective treatment options for various concerns such as acne scars, skin texture, and dyspigmentation. Nonablative fractional lasers, which target water rather than melanin, are particularly safer for darker skin types. Broadband light devices that emit different wavelengths have shown success in skin rejuvenation, improving wrinkles, pore size, erythema, telangiectasias, and dyspigmentation. Additionally, RF microneedling combines the benefits of both modalities, delivering safe treatment for skin laxity and textural concerns. The short-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has become a transformative tool for patients with Fitzpatrick skin types 4 to 6. This laser targets melanin, hemoglobin, and water, providing improvements in hyperpigmentation, acne, fine lines, and scar texture. Combining the short-pulse Nd:YAG laser with other treatments like chemical peels or microneedling has shown synergistic effects and enhanced outcomes. Understanding these modalities and tailoring treatments to specific concerns is crucial for safe and effective solutions in patients with higher Fitzpatrick skin types.
Fisetin's Promising Antitumor Effects: Uncovering Mechanisms and Targeting for Future Therapies
Authors: Qaed Eskandar , Al-Hamyari Bandar , Al-Maamari Ahmed , Qaid Abdullah , Alademy Haneen , Almoiliqy Marwan , Munyemana Jean Claude , Al-Nusaif Murad , Alafifi Jameel , Alyafeai Eman , Safi Mohammed , Geng Zhaohong , Tang Zeyao , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Cancer remains a critical global health challenge and a leading cause of mortality. Flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables have gained attention for their potential anti-cancer properties. Fisetin, abundantly present in strawberries, apples, onions, and other plant sources, has emerged as a promising candidate for cancer prevention. Epidemiological studies linking a diet rich in these foods to lower cancer risk have sparked extensive research on fisetin’s efficacy.
Objective This review aims to comprehensively explore the molecular mechanisms of fisetin's anticancer properties and investigate its potential synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the review examines the therapeutic and preventive effects of fisetin against various cancers.
Methods A systematic analysis of the available scientific literature was conducted, including research articles, clinical trials, and review papers related to fisetin’s anticancer properties. Reputable databases were searched, and selected studies were critically evaluated to extract essential information on fisetin’s mechanisms of action and its interactions with other anticancer drugs.
Results Preclinical trials have demonstrated that fisetin inhibits cancer cell growth through mechanisms such as cell cycle alteration, induction of apoptosis, and activation of the autophagy signaling pathway. Additionally, fisetin reduces reactive oxygen species levels, contributing to its overall anticancer potential. Investigation of its synergistic effects with other anticancer drugs suggests potential for combination therapies.
Conclusion Fisetin, a bioactive flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, exhibits promising anticancer properties through multiple mechanisms of action. Preclinical trials provide a foundation for further exploration in human clinical trials. Understanding fisetin’s molecular mechanisms is vital for developing novel, safe, and effective cancer prevention and treatment strategies. The potential synergy with other anticancer drugs opens new avenues for combination therapies, enhancing cancer management approaches and global health outcomes.
Best Practices and Educator Strategies for Facilitating a Flipped Classroom in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Falck Alison , French Heather , Dadiz Rita , Gray Megan M. , Mendres-Smith Amber , Nolan Bret , Martin Kirsti , Vasquez Margarita M. 
Published: August 2023

Objective Effective flipped classroom (FC) education fosters learner engagement, promoting higher-level cognitive skills. FC learning in graduate medical education (GME) has increased, but few educators have significant experience with FC facilitation. There are no evidence-based practices to support professional development of FC facilitation skills in GME. The objective of this study is to identify best practices for effective FC facilitation in GME.
Study Design We conducted a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study of faculty educators who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) using FC for physiology education in neonatal–perinatal medicine. Educators completed a 25-question survey about effective strategies for FC facilitation. A subset of educators participated in interviews to share their FC facilitation experiences and strategies to maximize learner engagement. Quantitative survey data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Qualitative survey and interview data were coded and analyzed inductively to identify themes.
Results Seventy-five educators completed the survey (75/136, 55% response rate), and 11 participated in semistructured interviews. While educators facilitated a median of two FC sessions (interquartile range: 1, 5) during the RCT, 43 (57%) had not received prior training in FC facilitation. Qualitative data analyses generated five themes that aligned with quantitative survey results: (1) educator preferences, (2) unique FC facilitation skills, (3) learning environment optimization, (4) subject matter expertise, and (5) learner behavior management. Sixty-two educators (83%) felt they were well prepared to lead FC sessions. Thirty-six educators (48%) reported that unprepared learners disrupt the learning environment, and the provision of clear expectations and adequate time to prepare for FCs improves learner preparation. Strategies to facilitate effective FC sessions included creating a safe learning environment and engaging learners in critical thinking.
Conclusion Educators highlighted faculty development needs, strategies, and actions to promote effective FC facilitation. Further exploration through learner interviews will provide additional evidence for the development of best practices and resources for FC facilitation.
Key Points
Risk Factors for Prolonged Intertwin Delivery Interval and Associated Maternal and Second Twin Morbidity
Authors: Justman Naphtali , Goldfreind Roee , Abu-Rass Hiba , Siegler Yoav , Shahak Gilad , Wolfovitz Amir , Ginsberg Yuval , Zipori Yaniv , Khatib Nizar , Weiner Zeev , Vitner Dana 
Published: August 2023

Objective This work aimed to identify possible risk factors and the morbidity associated with prolonged intertwin delivery interval (IDI).
Study Design A retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary care center. Women with twin gestations who reached the second stage of labor between January 2010 and December 2019 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between short IDI (≤15 minutes) and prolonged IDI (>15 minutes). The primary outcome was the rate of 5-minute Apgar score ≤ 7.
Results A total of 461 women were included; 312 of whom were in the short IDI group and 149 were in the prolonged IDI group. Rates of 5-minute Apgar score ≤ 7 and neonatal acidemia were significantly higher in the prolonged IDI group (3.5 vs. 9.7%, p = 0.008; 4.3 vs. 15.7%, p = 0.01, respectively). Vaginal delivery was less likely to occur in the prolonged IDI group (75.8 vs. 93.3%). Placental abruption and hemoglobin drop ≥ 3 g/dL were more prevalent in the prolonged IDI group (4 vs. 1%, p = 0.03; 39.1 vs. 24.7%, p = 0.01, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, age ≥ 30 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.76, p = 0.01), nulliparity (aOR: 1.66, p = 0.03), and birth weight ratio ≥ 1.2 (aOR: 1.92, p < 0.05) were associated with prolonged IDI.
Conclusion Prolonged IDI is associated with an increased risk for neonatal acidemia and low 5-minute Apgar score, and with an increased rate of cesarean delivery, placental abruption, and hemoglobin drop ≥ 3 g/dL. Advanced maternal age, nulliparity, and twin birth weight ratio ≥ 1.2 are associated with prolonged IDI.
Key Points
A gated-time-of-flight top-hat electrostatic analyzer for low energy ion measurements
Authors: Gershman Daniel J. , Avanov Levon A. , Collinson Glyn , Tucker Corey J. , Barrie Alexander , Chornay Dennis J. , Paschalidis Nikolaos P. , Rowland Douglas , Moore Thomas E. 
Published: August 2023

When incorporated into a top-hat electrostatic analyzer, a gate electrode enables the separation of ions by their mass-per-charge with modest mass resolution (M/∆M ∼ 10). Gated-time-of-flight (TOF) instruments avoid the energy straggling and angular scattering effects prevalent in foil-based detection systems, providing more pristine measurements of three-dimensional distribution functions of incident ions. Gated-TOF implementations are ideal for measuring the properties of low-energy (i.e., &lt;100 eV) thermal ions in various space environments. We present an instrument prototype capable of separating H+, He+, O+, and O2+ in Earth’s ionosphere and demonstrate that in addition to providing species determination, precise operation of the gate electrode provides an electronically adjustable geometric factor that can extend a single instrument’s dynamic range by several orders of magnitude.
Absolute calibration of a streaked optical pyrometer at nanosecond time scale with a luminescent concentrator
Authors: Nourry-Martin M. , Denoeud A. , Chollet C. , Bonneau M. , Vinci T. , Ravasio A. , Brygoo S. , Darbon S. , Balembois F. 
Published: August 2023

The Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) is a visible diagnostic widely used to study the warm dense matter regime at high energy laser facilities, gas guns, or ion accelerators. It is usually coupled with a Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) diagnostic for simultaneous shock wave velocity, reflectivity, and temperature measurements to study the Equation of State (EOS) of materials. While VISAR is a well-mastered technology that provides velocity measurements with low relative uncertainties (close to percent), SOP diagnostics still suffer from high imprecision. In this article, we present a new calibration method in order to obtain absolute temperature measurements with reduced uncertainties. This approach is based on a novel light source: a Ce:YAG luminescent concentrator pumped by LEDs. This device produces enough optical power for calibration at the nanosecond sweep duration of the streak camera. As a demonstration, it has first been installed at the LULI facility and tested on quartz samples shocked at temperatures above 4000 K.
Absolute calibration up to 20 MeV of an online readout CMOS system suitable to detect high-power lasers accelerated protons
Authors: Burdonov K. , Lelièvre R. , Forestier-Colleoni P. , Ceccotti T. , Cuciuc M. , Lancia L. , Yao W. , Fuchs J. 
Published: August 2023

We present the design and absolute calibration of a charged particle online readout CMOS system tailored for high-power laser experiments. This system equips a Thomson parabola spectrometer, which is used at the Apollon petawatt scale laser facility to measure the spectra of protons produced by high-intensity laser–target interactions. The RadEye1 CMOS matrices array detectors are paired with a custom triggering system for image grabbing. This allows us to register the proton and ion signals remotely. The repetition rate is presently 1 shot/min, but the frame grabbing enables the system to be compatible with modern high-power lasers running, e.g., at 1 Hz. We detail here the implementation, in the harsh electromagnetic environment of such interactions, of the system, and its absolute calibration, which was performed for proton energies from 4 to 20 MeV.
Hundred-femtosecond-level concise optical time delay measurement system based on linear optical sampling
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Chen Ziyang , Yu Dongrui , Niu Jialin , Chen Xing , Guo Hong 
Published: August 2023

Fiber-delay measurement is one of the key fundamental technologies in numerous fields. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-precision and concise optical time delay measurement system based on the technique of linear optical sampling, reaching the precision better than 100 fs under averaging. The use of only two optical frequency combs without locking the carrier-envelope-offset frequency greatly simplifies the structure of the time-delay measurement system. We also experimentally investigate the current limitations on the precision of the system. The timing jitter noises of two sources are mainly non-common mode and are both restricted to the frequency sources. Our results indicate that the proposed device can measure fiber length fluctuations below 10 µm, paving the way for further analyses of the external disturbances on the fiber link.
Direct thrust measurements of 2U-sized bi-directional wave plasma thruster
Authors: Shumeiko Andrei I. , Telekh Victor D. 
Published: August 2023

The results of direct thrust measurements of the thruster with multiple thrust vectoring capability utilizing Kr are presented. The thruster is a 2U size system. The tested bi-directional plasma thruster consists of the thruster head, inbuilt rf generator creating 9 MHz current applied to the antenna, inbuilt power supply for the set of electromagnets, and thruster control system. The thruster head consists of the set of electromagnets, open-ended gas discharge chamber, and antenna. During thrust measurements, the magnitude and configuration of the external static magnetic field, the propellant flow rate, and the power modes of the rf generator are changed. The magnitude of the magnetic field in current units is adjusted in the range of 3…5 A. The propellant flow rate is adjusted in the range of 2…100 sccm. The power modes of the rf generator are adjusted in the range of 50…250 where the value 250 corresponds to a power of 100 W. The dynamic background pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.1 Pa at 100 sccm. Two specific thrust modes are defined: the high thrust mode (∼7 mN) and the high specific impulse mode (∼900 s).
Positive Jacobian constraints for elliptic boundary value problems with piecewise-regular coefficients arising from multi-wave inverse problems
Authors: Capdeboscq Yves , Dai Tianrui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Multi-wave inverse problems are indirect imaging methods using the interaction of two different imaging modalities. One brings spatial accuracy, and the other contrast sensitivity. The inversion method typically involve two steps. The first step is devoted to accessing internal datum of quantities related to the unknown parameters being observed. The second step involves recovering the parameters themselves from the internal data. To perform that inversion, a typical requirement is that the Jacobian of fields involved does not vanish. A number of authors have considered this problem in the past two decades, and a variety of methods have been developed. Existing techniques require Hölder continuity of the parameters to be reconstructed. In practical applications, the medium may present embedded elements, with distinct physical properties, leading to discontinuous coefficients. In this article we explain how a Jacobian constraint can be imposed in the piecewise regular case, when the physical model is a divergence form second order linear elliptic boundary value problem.
Experimental study on acoustic-induced microbubbles fusion
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Cao Na , Ye Guoyong , Wang Pengpeng , Dong Shizhang , Liu Zenghao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Droplets/microbubbles fusion technology is a key technology for many biochemical medical applications. Here, an acoustic-controlled approach to drive microbubble fusion based on focused surface acoustic wave (FSAW) is presented. When passing through the arc-shaped channel, adjacent microbubbles will decelerate, contact, and fuse induced by the FSAWs. Due to the cooperation of the FSAW and the arc-shaped flow channel structure, the microbubbles are more easily captured and fused with the adjacent microbubbles. The effects of input voltage and pressure input parameters on the microbubble fusion are studied. Relying on electrical input parameters, microbubble fusion can be effectively achieved, providing a new idea for precise gas fuse control. The regulation of the microbubbles fusion by FSAW is revealed, showing potential in the applications of the precise control of gases on a microfluidic chip.
Bottom-up micromachined PZT film-based ultrasonic microphone with compressible parylene tube
Authors: Huang Chung-Hao , Feng Guo-Hua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on a micromachined ultrasonic microphone using a bottom-up fabrication scheme. Starting with a 4 μm-thick titanium foil as the substrate, each functional film and key element was added to the foil substrate to complete the ultrasonic microphone. The piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate film hydrothermally grown on the patterned substrate with low residual stress effectively deflected the unimorph-sensing cantilever array of the microphone under ultrasound pressure. The created cantilever array structure secured on a 250 μm-thick SU8 hollow plate formed an ultrasonic microphone plate that was tested with a sensitivity of −60 dBV Pa−1 at 21 kHz (with 0 dB gain amplification) and an operation bandwidth of 5–55 kHz. Different thicknesses of parylene films ranging from 0.5 to 2 μm overlaid over the entire sensing region and converted the cantilever-to-diaphragm-structured microphone for further investigation. An enhanced result was observed when the deposited parylene film thickness was in the submicron range. The sensitivity of the microphone can be further enhanced by up to 33% by adding a parylene-film-made compressible tube to act as a Helmholtz resonator (HR). The HR model was discussed and compared with the experimental results. The output amplitude of the developed microphone assembled with the compressible tube demonstrates a 15 dB increase compared to that of a commercial capacitive MEMS ultrasonic microphone.
Tunable Rydberg–Rydberg transitions in helium with reduced sensitivity to dc electric fields by two-colour microwave dressing
Authors: Brown L L , Hogan S D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The difference in the static electric dipole polarizabilities of the

1

s

55

s

3

S

1

and

1

s

56

s

3

S

1

Rydberg levels in helium has been eliminated by dressing the atom with a microwave field near resonant with the single-photon

1

s

55

s

3

S

1

→
1

s

55

p

3

P

J

transition. For an

2.82

m
V

c
m

−
1

amplitude dressing field, detuned by

2
π
×
10

M
H
z

from the zero-field

1

s

55

s

3

S

1

→
1

s

55

p

3

P

2

transition frequency, the dc Stark shift of the two-photon

1

s

55

s

3

S

1

→
1

s

56

s

3

S

1

transition between these states remained within

±
15

k
H
z

for electric fields up to

∼

60

m
V

c
m

−
1

. This transition was probed by single-color two-photon microwave spectroscopy, and by two-color two-photon spectroscopy with one strong additional dressing field and a weak probe field. For all measurements, the transition frequencies and Stark shifts were compared, and found to be in excellent quantitative agreement with the results of Floquet calculations of the energy-level structure of the Rydberg states in the presence of the dressing fields and applied dc electric fields. The two-color microwave dressing scheme demonstrated, with one field applied to null the differential polarizability of the Rydberg–Rydberg transition, and the second exploited to allow the two-photon transition to be employed to achieve tunable absorption of single-photons from a weak probe field, will facilitate improved coherence times and tunable single-photon absorption in hybrid cavity QED experiments with Rydberg atoms and superconducting microwave circuits.
Surface modification of aramid fiber by cascade process with atmospheric plasma and TDI grafting
Authors: Du Yijun , Chen Shuo , Li Peng , Deng Yu , Chen Weijiang , Zhou Jun , Gu Chen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aramid fiber (AF)/epoxy composites are often used as mechanical and insulating materials for ultra-high voltage gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) insulation pull rods. However, the product performance is believed to be restricted by the poor adhesion between AF and the resin matrix, affecting the operation reliability of GIS. In this work, a cascade process was applied to modify the AF surface to improve interfacial behavior. The AF was first treated with air dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure to obtain a rough surface and then reacted with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) to introduce polar functional groups onto the surface. The plasma discharge power and treatment time were investigated as major parameters, and the aging effect was studied. The modified AF was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, and filament yarn tensile test. The interfacial behavior of the AF/epoxy composite was analyzed by interfacial shear strength (IFSS) test of micro-bond specimen and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test of Naval Ordnance Laboratory rings. Experimental results showed that polar functional groups were introduced onto the AF surface. The IFSS and ILSS of AF/epoxy composite were increased by 32.8% and 20.2% at most, respectively, and the tensile strength of the AF was mostly preserved. Moreover, with the increase in plasma discharge power, the interfacial strength of the modified AF/epoxy interface increased firstly and then decreased. The AF modified by TDI retained a relatively good modification effect after aging for some time. This study presents a cascade process for the AF surface modification with simplicity, effectiveness, and resource-saving, which is suitable for industrial applications.