bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentists’ education, knowledge, and professional behavior concerning the diagnosis and treatment of dentin hypersensitivity: An exploration
Authors: Agheli Nastaran , De Faria Neiva Gisele , Maia Rodrigo Rocha , Siddanna Geetha Duddanahalli , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectives: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) affects patients’ oral health‐related quality of life, but is not always optimally treated in dental offices. The objectives were to assess dentists’ DH‐related education, knowledge, and professional behavior and explore relationships between education, knowledge, and behavior.Methods: Survey data were collected from 220 ADA members in the United States. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed.Results: About half of the respondents agreed/strongly agreed that their dental school had educated them well about diagnosing DH in classroom‐based (53.6%) and clinical settings (48.9%). Lower percentages agreed being well educated about treating DH (40.9%/37.3%). The majority self‐educated themselves about DH after dental school by attending continuing education courses in person or online (60.6%/36.8%), reading articles (64.1%), or consulting with colleagues (59.6%). The majority knew that patients with DH describe their pain as stimulated (91.4%) and that recessed gingiva (89.6%), abrasion lesions (72.3%), tooth whitening (63.1%), erosion lesions (58.6%), and abfraction lesions (51.4%) are risk factors for DH. The majority diagnosed DH with patient self‐reporting, confirmed by exams (81.8%), applying air blasts (53.7%), or cold‐water (52.3%). They treated patients with DH often/very often with over‐the‐counter desensitizing agents (90%), and prescribing fluoride formulations toothpaste (82.8%) and/or potassium nitrate toothpastes (60.9%). In their offices, the majority (73.2%) educated their patients often/very often about DH and used fluoride dental varnish for treating DH (71.8%). The more recently respondents had graduated from dental school, the more positively they described their dental school education (r = 0.14;p < 0.05), the more ways to diagnose DH they used (r = 0.16;p < 0.05) and the more often they used fluoride dental varnish in their offices (r = 0.23;p < 0.001). The more dentists had educated themselves, the more methods for diagnosing DH they used (r = 0.23;p < 0.001) and the more often they used potassium oxalate products (r = 0.19;p < 0.01), Arginine/calcium products (r = 0.19;p < 0.01) and dentin bonding (r = 0.22;p < 0.001).Conclusions: More recently graduating from dental school correlates with more positive evaluations of DH‐related dental school education. The finding that most dentists engage in self‐education about DH after dental school should motivate dental educators to increase education about this topic not only in dental school, but also in continuing education courses.
Effects of reduced rainfall on coffee quality and volatile composition
Authors: Pappo Emily , Keene Shea , Smith Hunter , Song Yangyang , Colquhoun Thomas , Wilson Chris , Flory S. Luke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFor a significant subset of agricultural products, including coffee, wine and tea, sensory perceptions of terroir (i.e., characteristic flavors imparted by the growing environment) are tightly linked to the product's value. With increasing climate change, it is critical to understand how shifts in climate, such as changes in precipitation, may interact with management practices (e.g., cultivar selection) to impact sensory quality in terroir‐driven crops, and what biochemical compounds may be associated with those impacts. Here, sensory quality and volatile profile composition were assessed for four Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivars grown in a field experiment where precipitation was reduced by rainout shelters, resulting in 14% lower soil moisture on average.RESULTSOur results indicate an overall increase in yield coincident with a moderate decrease in sensory quality in response to reduced precipitation. The presence and magnitude of the sensory quality shift varied by cultivar and sensory attribute, though the Acidity attribute was consistently negatively impacted across cultivars, albeit with a high degree of uncertainty. Additionally, 31 volatile compounds were identified across green coffee samples that were variably impacted by reduced precipitation. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified patterns in volatile clustering associated with sensory attributes suggesting that reduced precipitation effects on sensory attributes may depend on nonlinear combinations of secondary metabolites.CONCLUSIONUltimately, our results advance efforts to improve predictions of climate impacts on coffee‐growing landscapes and communities and highlight the value of considering indicators of harvest value beyond yield to improve economic forecasts for agroecosystems under climate change.
Further Validity Evidence for Patient‐Specific Virtual Reality Temporal Bone Surgical Simulation
Authors: Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts , Hittle Brad , Värendh Maria , Lee Julian , Varadarajan Varun , Powell Kimerly A. , Wiet Gregory J. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivePatient‐specific virtual reality (VR) simulation of cochlear implant (CI) surgery potentially enables preoperative rehearsal and planning. We aim to gather supporting validity evidence for patient‐specific simulation through the analysis of virtual performance and comparison with postoperative imaging.MethodsProspective, multi‐institutional study. Pre‐ and postoperative cone‐beam CT scans of CI surgical patients were obtained and processed for patient‐specific VR simulation. The virtual performances of five trainees and four attendings were recorded and (1) compared with volumes removed during actual surgery as determined in postoperative imaging, and (2) assessed using the Copenhagen Cochlear Implant Surgery Assessment Tool (CISAT) by two blinded raters. The volumes compared were cortical mastoidectomy, facial recess, and round window (RW) cochleostomy as well as violation of the facial nerve and chorda.ResultsTrainees drilled more volume in the cortical mastoidectomy and facial recess, whereas attendings drilled more volume for the RW cochleostomy and made more violations. Except for the cochleostomy, attendings removed volumes closer to that determined in postoperative imaging. Trainees achieved a higher CISAT performance score compared with attendings (22.0 vs. 18.4 points) most likely due to lack of certain visual cues.ConclusionWe found that there were differences in performance of trainees and attendings in patient‐specific VR simulation of CI surgery as assessed by raters and in comparison with actual drilled volumes. The presented approach of volume comparison is novel and might be used for further validation of patient‐specific VR simulation before clinical implementation for preoperative rehearsal in temporal bone surgery.Level of Evidencen/a Laryngoscope, 134:1403–1409, 2024
Raw data consistent deep learning‐based field of view extension for dual‐source dual‐energy CT
Authors: Maier Joscha , Erath Julien , Sawall Stefan , Fournié Eric , Stierstorfer Karl , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to technical constraints, dual‐source dual‐energy CT scans may lack spectral information in the periphery of the patient.PurposeHere, we propose a deep learning‐based iterative reconstruction to recover the missing spectral information outside the field of measurement (FOM) of the second source‐detector pair.MethodsIn today's Siemens dual‐source CT systems, one source‐detector pair (referred to as A) typically has a FOM of about 50 cm, while the FOM of the other pair (referred to as B) is limited by technical constraints to a diameter of about 35 cm. As a result, dual‐energy applications are currently only available within the small FOM, limiting their use for larger patients. To derive a reconstruction at B's energy for the entire patient cross‐section, we propose a deep learning‐based iterative reconstruction. Starting with A's reconstruction as initial estimate, it employs a neural network in each iteration to refine the current estimate according to a raw data fidelity measure. Here, the corresponding mapping is trained using simulated chest, abdomen, and pelvis scans based on a data set containing 70 full body CT scans. Finally, the proposed approach is tested on simulated and measured dual‐source dual‐energy scans and compared against existing reference approaches.ResultsFor all test cases, the proposed approach was able to provide artifact‐free CT reconstructions of B for the entire patient cross‐section. Considering simulated data, the remaining error of the reconstructions is between 10 and 17 HU on average, which is about half as low as the reference approaches. A similar performance with an average error of 8 HU could be achieved for real phantom measurements.ConclusionsThe proposed approach is able to recover missing dual‐energy information for patients exceeding the small 35 cm FOM of dual‐source CT systems. Therefore, it potentially allows to extend dual‐energy applications to the entire‐patient cross section.
Technical note: Exploring the detectability of coronary calcification using ultra‐high‐resolution photon‐counting‐detector CT
Authors: Chang Shaojie , Ren Liqiang , Tang Shanshan , Marsh Jeffrey F. , Hsieh Scott , McCollough Cynthia H. , Leng Shuai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronary calcification is a strong indicator of coronary artery disease, and patients with a “zero” coronary calcification score have a much lower risk of future cardiac events than those with even small amounts of calcium. However, false‐negative (incorrect zero scores) may occur if small calcifications are missed at CT due to limited spatial resolution.PurposeTo demonstrate lower limits of detection for coronary calcification using an ultra‐high‐resolution (UHR) mode on a clinical photon‐counting‐detector CT (PCD‐CT), compared to a conventional energy‐integrating‐detector CT (EID‐CT).MethodsChicken eggshell fragments (0.4–0.8 mm) mimicking coronary calcifications were scanned on a clinical PCD‐CT (NAEOTOM Alpha) in UHR mode and a conventional EID‐CT (SOMATOM Force) with matched tube potential and radiation dose levels to the PCD‐CT. PCD‐CT images were reconstructed with a sharp kernel (Qr68) and a quantum iterative algorithm (QIR‐3). Two sets of EID‐CT images were reconstructed: routine clinical kernel (Qr36, ADMIRE‐3) and a sharper kernel (Qr54) with similar noise to PCD‐CT images. With institutional review board approval, in vivo exams performed with the PCD‐CT in UHR mode were compared against patients’ clinical EID‐CT exams. The visibility of calcifications on PCD‐CT and EID‐CT images was assessed and compared qualitatively.ResultsPCD‐CT images visualized all calcified fragments, while EID‐CT failed to detect those below 0.6 mm using a routine protocol. EID‐CT with Qr54 improved visibility but distorted boundaries. Calcifications were less visible on EID‐CT than PCD‐CT as phantom sizes increased. 0.6‐ and 0.7‐mm calcified fragments were barely visible on 35‐ and 40‐cm phantom EID‐CT images. Patient cases showed small calcifications missed on EID‐CT but detected on PCD‐CT.ConclusionAt matched radiation dose, PCD‐CT in UHR mode provided higher spatial resolution and improved the detectability of small calcified fragments for different phantom/patient sizes in comparison to EID‐CT.
Chemiedidaktik: Farbige Zwischenstufen zeigen das Wesen der Katalyse
Authors: Zell Lukas , Lüke Dennis , Oetken Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUm Schülern nahezubringen, wie Katalyse funktioniert, gibt es für den Chemieunterricht verschiedene Versuche. Allerdings haben sie alle einen Haken: Die Ursache der herabgesetzten Aktivierungsenergie bleibt unbekannt.
Robust transshipment problem under consistent flow constraints
Authors: Büsing Christina , Koster Arie M. C. A. , Schmitz Sabrina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study robust transshipment under consistent flow constraints. We consider demand uncertainty represented by a finite set of scenarios and characterize a subset of arcs as so‐called fixed arcs. In each scenario, we require an integral flow that satisfies the respective flow balance constraints. In addition, on each fixed arc, we require equal flow for all scenarios. The objective is to minimize the maximum cost occurring among all scenarios. We show that the problem is strongly ‐complete on acyclic digraphs by a reduction from the ‐Sat problem. Furthermore, we prove that the problem is weakly ‐complete on series‐parallel digraphs by a reduction from a special case of the Partition problem. If in addition the number of scenarios is constant, we observe the pseudo‐polynomial‐time solvability of the problem. We provide poly‐nomial‐time algorithms for three special cases on series‐parallel digraphs. Finally, we present a polynomial‐time algorithm for pearl digraphs.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) and thermoplastic polyurethane composites filled with carbon black‐polypyrrole for electromagnetic shielding applications
Authors: Bertolini Mayara C. , Ramoa Silvia D. A. S. , Pereira Elaine C. L. , Soares Bluma G. , Barra Guilherme M. O. , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the electromagnetic interference shielding properties of composites based on immiscible polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filled with carbon black doped with polypyrrole (CB‐PPy) prepared by compression molding and fused filament fabrication. Composites of PVDF/CB‐PPy and TPU/CB‐PPy were also prepared for comparison. Rheological measurements showed that although the rheological behavior of PVDF/TPU composites was an intermediate behavior between PVDF/CB‐PPy and TPU/CB‐PPy composites, the effect of the conductive filler was much more pronounced in PVDF than in TPU. Moreover, the addition of CB‐PPy was found to increase the storage modulus of the composites leading to more rigid materials, and to decrease the Tg values of the composites due to the reduction of the mobility of the polymeric chains. In addition, PVDF/TPU composites presented an intermediate behavior when compared to composites based on the neat polymers demonstrating that the addition of TPU to PVDF contributes to the development of composites with improved flexibility. Furthermore, the addition of CB‐PPy increased the electrical conductivity of all composites. However, the electrical conductivity of PVDF/TPU 50/50 vol% co‐continuous blends was higher than the electrical conductivity of PVDF/TPU 38/62 vol% composites with the same amount of conductive filler. Composites with higher electrical conductivity showed better shielding from electromagnetic radiation. As expected, composites based on the co‐continuous blend displayed higher EMI shielding efficiency than the 38/62 vol% composites. The main mechanism of shielding was absorption for all composites. Overall, composites based on the PVDF/TPU 50/50 vol% co‐continuous blend showed a better combination of EMI shielding efficiency and mechanical properties. Moreover, specimens prepared by fused filament fabrication displayed diminished electrical conductivity and EMI‐SE responses when compared to compression‐molded samples with the same composition. This difference is attributed to the presence of voids, defects, and overlapping layers, which can hamper the electron flow.
STING1 deficiency ameliorates immune‐mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice
Authors: García‐Giménez Jorge , Córdoba‐David Gina , Rayego‐Mateos Sandra , Cannata‐Ortiz Pablo , Carrasco Susana , Ruiz‐Ortega Marta , Fernandez‐Fernandez Beatriz , Ortiz Alberto , Ramos Adrián M 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapidly progressive/crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN/CGN) involves the formation of glomerular crescents by maladaptive differentiation of parietal epithelial cells that leads to rapid loss of renal function. The molecular mechanisms of crescent formation are poorly understood. Therefore, new insights into molecular mechanisms could identify alternative therapeutic targets for RPGN/CGN. Analysis of kidney biopsies from patients with RPGN revealed increased interstitial, glomerular, and tubular expression of STING1, an accessory protein of the c‐GAS‐dependent DNA‐sensing pathway, which was also observed in murine nephrotoxic nephritis induced by an anti‐GBM antibody. STING1 was expressed by key cell types involved in RPGN and crescent formation such as glomerular parietal epithelial cells, and tubular cells as well as by inflammation accessory cells. In functional in vivo studies, Sting1−/− mice with nephrotoxic nephritis had lower kidney cytokine expression, milder kidney infiltration by innate and adaptive immune cells, and decreased disease severity. Pharmacological STING1 inhibition mirrored these findings. Direct STING1 agonism in parietal and tubular cells activated the NF‐κB‐dependent cytokine response and the interferon‐induced genes (ISGs) program. These responses were also triggered in a STING1‐dependent manner by the pro‐inflammatory cytokine TWEAK. These results identify STING1 activation as a pathological mechanism in RPGN/CGN and TWEAK as an activator of STING1. Pharmacological strategies targeting STING1, or upstream regulators may therefore be potential alternatives to treat RPGN. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Cx43 regulates mechanotransduction mechanisms in human preterm amniotic membrane defects
Authors: Costa Eleni , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Becker David L. , Deprest Jan A. , David Anna L. , Chowdhury Tina T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of mechanical stimulation in preterm amniotic membrane (AM) defects were explored.MethodsPreterm AM was collected from women undergoing planned preterm caesarean section (CS) due to fetal growth restriction or emergency CS after spontaneous preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (sPPROM). AM explants near the cervix or placenta were subjected to trauma and/or mechanical stimulation with the Cx43 antisense. Markers for nuclear morphology (DAPI), myofibroblasts (αSMA), migration (Cx43), inflammation (PGE2) and repair (collagen, elastin and transforming growth factor β [TGFβ1]) were examined by confocal microscopy, second harmonic generation, qPCR and biochemical assays.ResultsIn preterm AM defects, myofibroblast nuclei were highly deformed and contractile and expressed αSMA and Cx43. Mechanical stimulation increased collagen fibre polarisation and the effects on matrix markers were dependent on tissue region, disease state, gestational age and the number of fetuses. PGE2 levels were broadly similar but reduced after co‐treatment with Cx43 antisense in late sPPROM AM defects. TGFβ1 and Cx43 gene expression were significantly increased after trauma and mechanical stimulation but this response dependent on gestational age.ConclusionMechanical stimulation affects Cx43 signalling and cell/collagen mechanics in preterm AM defects. Establishing how Cx43 regulates mechanosignalling could be an approach to repair tissue integrity after trauma.
Synthesis, characterization, and swelling behavior of a poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) copolymer: Application to water retention in two sandy agricultural soils in sub‐Saharan region
Authors: Djakhdane Khaled , Chaibi Fadhila , Cheikh Chahrazed , Bassaid Salah , Dehbi Abdelkader , Alsalme Ali , Picuno Pietro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe application of copolymer hydrogels based on acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) in sub‐Saharan soils can increase the quantity of water retained by the soil and improve plant establishment and growth. The aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize a copolymer based on acrylamide and acrylic acid and to evaluate its swelling capacity with different physicochemical parameters. This study also aimed to investigate the effect of metallic cations on the swelling capacity of the copolymer and to assess the improvement in water retention in sandy soils. The copolymer material was prepared by free‐radical polymerization in aqueous solution at a temperature of 60°C and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and its average molecular weight was estimated from intrinsic viscosity measurements. The swelling capacity was evaluated with different physicochemical parameters, and the effect of metallic cations on the swelling capacity was investigated. Water retention in two sandy soils was also evaluated. The copolymer material containing 50% AAm and 50% AA can retain more than 8100% of water. The swelling ratio increased with increasing temperature, with a maximum swelling ratio at 65°C. The presence of metallic cations reduced the maximum swelling ratio of the copolymer material as the cation concentration increased. The copolymer material at 1% in a composition with the soil showed an improvement in the water retention of 12.2% and 7.9% for soil A and 7.9% for soil B. Soil air volume is improved by 19% for both soils. This study shows that the copolymer material has a high swelling ratio and can improve water retention in sandy soils. The copolymer can be used in agriculture to protect and improve plant growth and yield.Highlights
Synthesis and characterization of a copolymer based on acrylamide and acrylic acid.
Evaluating the swelling capacity with different physicochemical parameters.
The application of this copolymer in sub‐Saharan soils increases the quantity of water retained.
The copolymer is prepared by polymerization in aqueous solution and characterized by FTIR and XRD.
This study shows that the copolymer has a high swelling ratio and improves water retention.
Direct ink writing‐based additive manufacturing of styrene‐isoprene‐styrene block copolymer
Authors: Goyal Sourabh , Yesu Aleti , Banerjee Shib Shankar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a hybrid polymeric material with immense potential for industrial application due to its unique elasticity, processability, and excellent mechanical properties. However, 3D printing of TPEs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) is challenging due to their poor layer coalescence, high melt viscosity, and weak column strength. In the present work, styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) block copolymer, a commercially available TPE material, was successfully 3D printed using a direct ink writing (DIW)‐based additive manufacturing process to enhance its design flexibility. The rheology of the prepared inks has a great influence on the printability, layer formability, and resolution of the 3D printed parts. Hansen's solubility criteria were used exclusively, to investigate the most suitable solvent to prepare the inks for the DIW technique, implying better solubility of toluene than THF. This is in line with experimental results that the 3D printed specimens from SIS/toluene inks demonstrate higher stretchability, elastic modulus and tensile strength over the 3D printed specimens from the SIS/THF inks. It has been shown that the selection of a suitable ink and the optimum level of SIS concentration is essential for the successful fabrication of parts using DIW to make them suitable for end use.Highlights
The DIW process has been investigated for 3D printing of SIS block copolymers.
The rheology of the developed inks has a great influence on printability and layer formability.
The 3D printed samples showed high elongation at break, elastic modulus, and tensile strength.