bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on autophagy and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc degeneration and its related mechanisms
Authors: Dai Jiuming , Liu Jin , Shen Yucheng , Zhang Bing , Li Chaonian , Liu Zhidong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common and frequent disease in orthopedics, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-regulated autophagy and apoptosis play an important role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in IVDD.
Methods and Results
Hypoxia and serum deprivation were used to induce NP cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell activity and immunofluorescence (IF) was applied for the appraisement of GRP78 and GFP-LC3. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of LC3II/I was detected by western blot. NP cells under hypoxia and serum deprivation were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and intervened by ERS inhibitor (4-phenylbutyric acid, 4-PBA) and activator (Thapsigargin, TP). Then, above functional experiments were conducted again and western blot was employed for the evaluation of autophagy-, apoptosis and ERS-related proteins. Finally, NP cells under hypoxia and serum deprivation were stimulated by LPS and intervened using apoptosis inhibitor z-VAD-FMK and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. CCK-8 assay, IF, flow cytometry and western blot were preformed again. Besides, the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA and the protein expressions of programmed death markers were estimated with western blot. It showed that serum deprivation induces autophagy and apoptosis. ERS was significantly activated by LPS in hypoxic and serum deprivation environment, and autophagy and apoptosis were significantly promoted.
Conclusions
ERS affects the occurrence and development of IVDD by regulating autophagy, apoptosis and other programmed death.
Assessing and harnessing updated polyketide synthase modules through combinatorial engineering
Authors: Keatinge-Clay Adrian , Ray Katherine , Lutgens Joshua , Bista Ramesh , Zhang Jie , Desai Ronak , Hirsch Melissa , Miyazawa Takeshi , Cordova Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The modular nature of polyketide assembly lines and the significance of their products make them prime targets for combinatorial engineering. While short synthases constructed using the recently updated module boundary have been shown to outperform those using the traditional boundary, larger synthases constructed using the updated boundary have not been investigated. Here we describe our design and implementation of a BioBricks-like platform to rapidly construct 5 triketide, 25 tetraketide, and 125 pentaketide synthases from the updated modules of the Pikromycin synthase. Every combinatorial possibility of modules 2-6 inserted between the first and last modules of the native synthase was constructed and assayed. Anticipated products were observed from 60% of the triketide synthases, 32% of the tetraketide synthases, and 6.4% of the pentaketide synthases. Ketosynthase gatekeeping and module-skipping were determined to be the principal impediments to obtaining functional synthases. The platform was also used to create functional hybrid synthases through the incorporation of modules from the Erythromycin, Spinosyn, and Rapamycin assembly lines. The relaxed gatekeeping observed from a ketosynthase in the Rapamycin synthase is especially encouraging in the quest to produce designer polyketides.
How high is high enough? A multi-million-member ensemble analysis of future climate scenarios and their relevance
Authors: Sarofim Marcus , Smith Christopher , Malek Parker , McDuffie Erin , Hartin Corinne , Lay Claire 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

High end emissions and forcing scenarios used to drive climate models provide key insights into possible high-risk climate change impacts in the 21st century and beyond. Given rapid and ongoing societal changes (e.g., population growth, energy demand, technology, etc.), debates are increasing on the continued relevance of higher forcing scenarios, such as those designed to reach 8.5 W/m2 by the end of the century (e.g., RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5). Here, we determine an updated probability of exceeding 8.5 W/m2 by 2100 by generating a multi-million-member ensemble from a newly developed database of probabilistic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, augmented here with improved characterization of aerosols and minor GHGs, coupled with the newest version of a reduced complexity climate model, with parameter distributions calibrated to match the IPCC 6th Assessment Report. The probability of exceeding 8.5 W/m2 this century is estimated to be less than 1%: however, we discuss important rationales for the continued use of 8.5 W/m2 scenarios, including for generating high temperature scenarios for use in calibrating damage functions, characterizing climate in the 22nd century (probability of exceeding 8.5 W/m2 increases to ~7% by 2150), and assessing low-probability/high-impact futures.
3D Electrospinning of Al2O3/ZrO2 Fibrous Aerogels for Multipurpose Thermal Insulation
Authors: Dong Shiling , Maciejewska Barbara , Millar Robert , Grobert Nicole 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ceramic aerogels are excellent ultralight-weight thermal insulators yet impractical due to their tendency towards structural degradation at elevated temperatures, under mechanical disturbances, or in humid environments. Here, we present flexible and durable alumina/zirconia fibrous aerogels (AZFA) fabricated using 3D sol-gel electrospinning - a technique enabling in situ formation of 3D fiber assemblies with significantly reduced time consumption and low processing cost compared to most existing methods. Our AZFAs exhibit ultralow density (> 3.4 mg cm-3), low thermal conductivity (> 21.6 mW m-1 K-1), excellent fire resistance, whilst remaining mechanically elastic and flexible at 1300°C, and thermally stable at 1500°C. Particularly, we investigate the underlying structure-thermal conductivity relationships, demonstrating that the macroscopic fiber arrangement dictates the solid-phase thermal conduction, while mesopores in the fiber effectively trap air hence decreasing the gas conduction. We show experimentally and theoretically that directional heat transport, i.e., anisotropic thermal conductivity, can be achieved through compressing the fiber network. We further solve the moisture sensitivity problem of common fibrous aerogels through fluorination coating. The resulting material possesses excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties, which can provide reliable thermal insulation under various conditions, including but not limited to high-temperature conditions in vehicles and aircraft, wet humid conditions in buildings, and underwater environments for oil pipelines.
Knowledge and perception of nosocomial infections among patients in a Nigerian hospital
Authors: Oni Olawale , OROK Edidiong , Lawal Zainab , Ojo Tolulope , Oluwadare Tunrayo , Bamitale Toba , Jaiyesimi Boluwaji , Akinjisola Alice , Apara Titilayo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Nosocomial infections are infections that are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients, and can lead to higher healthcare costs and longer hospital stays in both developed and developing countries. The objectives of the study were to identify the level of knowledge and perception of patients on nosocomial infection, and to determine the factors affecting the knowledge and perception of patients on nosocomial infection in Federal Medical Centre, Ebute-Metta, Lagos (FMC).
Methods
A cross- sectional research design was used in carrying out the research among in-patients of FMC where an interview-based semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Patients’ knowledge was categorised as good (≥ 70% score), fair (50–69%) and poor (< 50% score) while perception was grouped as positive and negative. Independent sample T-test and One-way Analysis of Variance was used to assess statistical difference in knowledge scores between categorical variables with 2 and 3 groups respectively.
Results
A total of 102 patients gave consent to participate in this study of which 46.1% were male, 27.5% were aged between 38 and 47 years and 69.6% were married. About 24% did not know what is meant by nosocomial infections while 53.9% stated that all hospital-acquired infections are preventable. 18.6% strongly disagreed that making alcohol rubs mandatory for all visitors would decrease the incidence while all strongly agreed that if left untreated can become life-threatening. Overall, 15.7% showed good knowledge while most patients (51%) showed a negative perception of nosocomial infections.
Conclusion
This study showed that most patients had fair knowledge as well as negative perception towards nosocomial infections. Factors such as gender, age, and educational qualification had an influence on patients’ perception and knowledge of nosocomial infection.
Enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, re-organized intracellular signaling, and epigenetic de-silencing as revealed by oligodendrocyte translatome analysis after contusive spinal cord injury
Authors: Forston Michael D. , Wei George , Chariker Julia H. , Stephenson Tyler , Andres Kariena , Glover Charles , Rouchka Eric C. , Whittemore Scott R , Hetman Michal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Reducing the loss of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a major goal for neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, the OL translatome was determined in Ribotag:Plp1-CreERT2 mice at 2, 10, and 42 days after moderate contusive T9 SCI. At 2 and 42 days, mitochondrial respiration- or actin cytoskeleton/cell junction/cell adhesion mRNAs were upregulated or downregulated, respectively. The latter effect suggests myelin sheath loss/morphological simplification which is consistent with downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis transcripts on days 10 and 42. Various regulators of pro-survival-, cell death-, and/or oxidative stress response pathways showed peak expression acutely, on day 2. Many acutely upregulated OL genes are part of the repressive SUZ12/PRC2 operon suggesting that epigenetic de-silencing contributes to SCI effects on OL gene expression. Acute OL upregulation of the iron oxidoreductase Steap3 was confirmed at the protein level and replicated in cultured OLs treated with the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP. Hence, STEAP3 upregulation may mark mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, in SCI-challenged OLs, acute and subchronic enhancement of mitochondrial respiration may be driven by axonal loss and subsequent myelin sheath degeneration. Acutely, the OL switch to oxidative phosphorylation may lead to oxidative stress that is further amplified by upregulation of such enzymes as STEAP3.
A novel model for predicting the prognosis of postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Lv Yinghao , Liu Hu , He Penghui , Xie Sinan , Yin Xiuchun , Cai Yunshi , Wu Hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 20% of liver malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of 35% at best with limited prognostic predictors. Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is a novel prognostic factor in pulmonary cancers. In this study, we developed a modified prognostic model from LIPI called intrahepatic immune prognostic index (IIPI) for ICC.
Patients and method: A retrospectively study was conducted at Liver Transplant Center of West China Hospital between January 2015 and January 2023. Hematological factors and clinical features of ICC patients were collected and analyzed. The area under curve (AUC) and optimal cuff-off of each single hematological factor was calculated.
Results: In this study, derived neurtrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), arbohydrate antigen199 (CA199) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have higher AUC values. LIPI was composed of dNLR and was further modified by combing CA199 and CEA, forming the IIPI. The IIPI consists of four grades which are None, Light, Moderate and Severe. Compared to other prognostic factors, IIPI exhibited better ability to predict overall survival. The multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis, differentiation, hilar invasion and IIPI were independent prognostic factors for ICC patients. An IIPI-based nomogram was also established and could predict the overall survival. In addition, the subgroup analyses based on clinical prognostic factors showed that the IIPI exhibited excellent prognostic influence.
Conclusion: IIPI model is suitable for predicting the prognosis of postoperative ICC patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between postoperative recurrence and metastasis of ICC patients and IIPI.
CELSR3 is a Prognostic Marker in HNSCC and Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Zhongbiao , Zhu Zhongyan , Wu Weikun , Hu Shiping , Cao Jian , Huang Xinmei , Xie Qiang , Deng Chengcheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives: HNSCC is the world's sixth most prevalent cancer. CELSR3 is engaged in immune system regulation and has activation and inhibition potential. However, it is unknown whether CELSR3 impacts the prognosis of HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to look at the diagnostic value of the CELSR3 gene in HNSCC and its effect on tumor immune invasion, which is important for enhancing HNSCC treatment.
Materials and Methods: Several bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate CELSR3's putative oncogenic pathway in HNSCC, and datasets from the TCGA, TIMER, GEPIA, and LinkedOmics were extracted and evaluated. CELSR3 has been linked to tumor immune cell infiltration, immunological checkpoints, and immune-related genes. CELSR3's putative roles were investigated using GO, KEGG, and pathway enrichment analysis. The expression level of CELSR3 in HNSCC tissues and cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The effects of CELSR3 on proliferation of HNSCC cells were detected by CCK-8 assay.
Results: CELSR3 was shown to be expressed differently in different types of cancer and normal tissues. CELSR3 gene expression was linked to pN-stage, pM-stage, and age. Patients with high CELSR3 expression also have a well prognosis. CELSR3 expression was found to be an independent predictive factor for HNSCC in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We discovered the functional network of CELSR3 in HNSCC using GO and KEGG analysis. CELSR3 expression levels were found to be favorably associated with immune cell infiltration levels. Furthermore, CELSR3 expression levels were significantly correlated with the expression levels of many immune molecules, such as MHC genes, immune activation genes, chemokine receptors, and chemokines. CELSR3 is highly expressed in HNSCC tissues and cells. CELSR3 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation of HNSCC cells. CELSR3 expression may affect the immune microenvironment and, as a result, the prognosis of HNSCC.
Conclusion: CELSR3 expression is elevated in HNSCC tumor tissues, and high CELSR3 expression is associated with well prognosis, which inhibited the proliferation of NHSCC cells. CELSR3 has the potential to influence tumor formation by controlling tumor-infiltrating cells in the TME. As a result, CELSR3 may have diagnostic significance in HNSCC.
Evaluation of Tourism Climate Suitability and Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Comfort in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Liu Jian , Zhao Jun , Che Yanjun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Utilizing nearly 60 years of meteorological records from ground meteorological station, various reanalysis meteorological datasets, and the widely used Tourist Climatic Suitability Index (TCSI) model, this study combines spatial analysis and statistical methods to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of tourist climate comfort in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate that the tourist climate comfort in Jiangxi Province exhibits a bimodal pattern throughout the year, with the optimal tourism time being May and September-October. High-altitude mountainous regions show variations in tourist climate comfort compared to the plains, presenting a unimodal pattern, with the best tourism time falling between June and September. Moreover, there is a clear increasing trend in tourist climate comfort in Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2018.
Efficacy of aqueous Aegle marmelos leaf extract for the control of Megacopta cribraria
Authors: Modak Moutushi , Begum Rubina Azmeera , Saikia Santana , Naorem Anjana Singha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Megacopta cribraria, a new pest of concern worldwide, has been studied extensively to understand its binomics and control. Research on efficacy of botanical pesticides for its control, however is lacking. This study focuses on the efficacy of a plant-based extract derived from Aegle marmelos leaves. The ovicidal potential of crude aqueous A. marmelosleaf extract was tested at five concentrations (1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%), resulting in a maximum of 30% ovicidal action at the 10% concentration which is significantly higher than the control as in the natural condition 100% egg hatching is observed. The extract also exhibited deterrence activity against adult bugs. At all concentrations, significant deterrence was observed in terms of time spent on the treated surface and the frequency of visitation. At the highest concentration, only 2.5% of the total 10 min observation time was spent on the treated surface as compared to the control. The frequency of visitation to the treated surface (14% visit) also declined significantly at 10% concentration clearly exhibiting the deterrent effect of the extract to the bugs. This deterrence activity was further evident by frequent grooming behavior exhibited by the bugs, trying to cleanse away the extract stuck to their body receptors. The study shows that A. marmelos leaves extract has the potential as a biopesticide against M. cribraria and can be researched further in different aspects of its insecticidal potential and can be considered by agriculturists for the pest control program.
Litter and Soil Carbon Stock Potential of Coffee Agroforestry in Berbere District, Southeast Ethiopia: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Garedew Kefa Feye 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The impact of climate change on coffee sector and adaptation response is well documented. However, by large literature ignored the contribution of coffee agroforestry farming practices to carbon sequestration and improvement of production and ecological service. Understanding micro level coffee agroforestry and its potentials to sequester carbon has paramount economic and environmental importance. This study estimates the litter and SOC stock contribution of coffee agroforestry and its implication to mitigation in southeast Ethiopia. The coffee agroforestry of the study area which cover 261 hectares was divided into three shade cover types: monoculture, intermediate and dense shade covers. Litters and soil samples were collected in a quadrant 1m2 sub-plots. The carbon stock in litter and soil samples collected from each plot centers were analyzed using titration method based on Walkely methods. Regression equations were used to estimate litter biomass and SOC stock. The result reveals that the carbon stored varies significantly across the shades. The litter pool monoculture shade stored 4.94 ± 1.00 MgCha− 1, the intermediate shade cover stored 6.83 ± 0.73 Mg C ha− 1 and the dense shade cover stored 7.71 ± 0.45 MgCha− 1. Likewise, the soil pool carbon stored in monoculture shade, intermediate shade cover and densely shade cover was 29.07 ± 8.48 Mg C ha− 1, 48.20 ± 4.10 MgCha− 1 and 61.86 ± 7.14 MgCha− 1 respectively. The SOC stock value was larger than the litter carbon stock in all shade categories. In both cases the highest carbon store was witnessed in the densely covered coffee agroforestry, suggesting the importance of tree abundance to sequester large amount of carbon. Coffee agroforestry system is amongst climate change mitigation options with high potential to sequester carbon in the agricultural sector and play a crucial role to enhance the co-existence of ecosystem elements, increase production and services. Hence, it should be promoted.
Changes of the facial soft tissue after mandibular reconstruction using vascularized iliac flap
Authors: Ding Mengkun , Li Chengqian , Kang Yifan , Shan Xiaofeng , Cai Zhigang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To reveal the change patterns of the facial soft tissue after applying mandibular reconstruction.
Materials and Methods
16 Patients with mandibular benign tumor were recruited in this retrospective study. For all patients, segmental mandibular osteotomy and concurrent reconstruction using vascularized iliac flap were conducted. The soft tissue thickness of patients’ lower face was measured with CT scans before surgery, 1 week, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The time-dependent changes of tissue thickness were analyzed.
Results
The most significant tissue swelling was 28.86%, at 1 week after the surgery. The average increase of tissue thickness was 4.78 ± 5.30 mm across patient. After 1 year of the surgery, tissue thickness decreased to the level before operation or the level of the healthy side. The thickness of the low-density tissue fluctuated mildly, while the thickness of the high-density tissue fluctuated significantly. The disuse atrophy of the masseter occurred 1 week after the surgery, and was reversed after 1 year. The removal of the submandibular gland caused depression in submandibular area, which intensified over time.
Conclusions
Across patients, soft tissue thickness in the lower face after mandibular osteotomy and reconstruction increased significantly 1 week after the surgery, and decreased over time. After 1 year, tissue thickness went back to the pre-surgery level, where matched up with the healthy side.
Clinical Relevance:
We documented the change patterns of the facial soft tissue after mandibular reconstruction. These results can help improve the planning of virtual surgeries and the timing for aesthetic assessment.
Study on Robot Automatic Rounding for Blade Tip Based on Elastic Grinding
Authors: Tian Fengjie , Qi Zijian , Zhang Yanzhi , Li Ruilin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In order to achieve automatic rounding for blade tip, the study was conducted on small radius rounding based on elastic grinding, and a method of robot automatic grinding for small radius fillets of blade tip was proposed.The elastic grinding wheel with polyester ammonia fiber as substrate material is utilized the characteristics of elastic envelope deformation contact to grind sharp angles of blade tip to small radius fillets. Based on elastic contact theory and Preston equation, theoretical contact model and material removal model between grinding wheel and blade tip were established. Abaqus software was used to simulate and analyze the contact stress distribution and grinding removal amount. Simulation result demonstrates that the adaptive elastic contact deformation between grinding wheel and sharp angle of blade tip forms small surface envelope contact pattern and variable grinding removal amount, which can realize small radius fillet machining. Robot automatic rounding experiments for blade tip were conducted to verify feasibility and controllability of the machining method. The research results indicate that the elastic deformation of grinding wheel causes an arc-shaped contact stress distribution in the contact area of blade tip and abrasive coated on the substrate can achieve small radius fillet grinding. The combination of passive compliance formed by elastic grinding deformation and active force control is feasible to realize robot automatic rounding for small radius fillets, and the fillet radius can be controlled by changing grinding process parameters. Robot automatic rounding for blade tip is feasible, and machining process and accuracy are controllable and stable, which breaks through the traditional manual sandpaper grinding method and provides a new small radius fillet processing method.