bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective European Solidarity: How Recipient Country Characteristics Shape Support for International Redistribution in Europe
Authors: Afonso Alexandre , Negash Samir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article analyses how the characteristics of recipient countries shape individual support for international redistribution in Europe. Whilst a growing body of research has looked into the determinants of support for international redistribution, we argue that individuals may not be willing to redistribute in equal measure to any foreign country. We use data from a survey asking respondents in 14 European countries whether they think their governments should provide financial help to 35 [European Union (EU) and non‐EU] foreign countries in the event of a major crisis. We show that individuals are more likely to support helping foreign countries that speak the same language, are geographically close, have deeper trade links, are poorer than their own and are also EU members. Individuals who are more sceptical towards international redistribution are more likely to discriminate amongst foreign countries in their support for redistribution across borders.
Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans
Authors: Yagihashi Soroku 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
First insights into the activity of major digestive enzymes in the intestine of the European catfish Silurus glanis and protective anti‐enzymatic potential of its gut parasite Silurotaenia siluri
Authors: Frolova Tatyana V. , Izvekov Evgeny I. , Izvekova Galina I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe European catfish Silurus glanis is attracting growing interest as an object of fisheries and aquaculture, which is reinforced by the expansion of its natural range under climate change. Shaping the effective exploitation strategy for this valuable species requires detailed knowledge of its biology, including feeding and digestion processes, especially near the natural limits of the species range. Meanwhile, the digestion physiology of the European catfish remains poorly explored, including the activity of major digestive enzymes and the possible effect of intestinal parasites on this activity. In this regard, the activity of proteinases and α‐amylase in the intestinal mucosa of the catfish was studied. Adult catfish were collected in the Rybinsk reservoir (Upper Volga) located close to the northern limit of the species range. It was shown that all subclasses of intestinal digestive proteinases, including serine proteinases, metalloproteases and cysteine (thiol) proteinases, function in the gut mucosa of the catfish. The mucosal levels of total proteolytic activity depended on fish size, in contrast to those of trypsin, chymotrypsin and α‐amylase. The level of chymotrypsin activity was significantly higher than that of trypsin activity. It was also found that the incubation medium and extract of the cestodes Silurotaenia siluri parasitizing the catfish gut had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of serine proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin) operating in the intestines of the host fish.
Identification of genetic variations related to pathogenicity by whole genome sequencing of Listeria monocytogenesSMFM2019‐FV16 isolated from enoki mushroom
Authors: Choi Suyoun , Choi Yukyung , Seo Yeongeun , Lee Soomin , Yoon Yohan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, the characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) collected from May to July 2019 were analyzed. The isolates were analyzed for strain characteristics, hemolysis, antibiotic resistance, heat resistance, and virulence genes (inlA, inlB, actA, plcB, and hlyA) were analyzed, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed for the strain with the highest risk. Seven isolates were obtained from some enoki mushroom samples. All isolates were β‐hemolytic and had virulence genes. Antibiotic resistance test showed multi‐drug resistance in L. monocytogenes strain SMFM2019‐FV15 and SMFM2019‐FV16. L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 showed higher heat resistance than the other isolates. According to the results L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 was selected as the strain with the highest risk. WGS for L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16 showed that it had 14 antibiotic resistance genes and 43 virulence genes, and 35 single nucleotide variants in the 43 virulence genes were observed. These results indicate that these genetic variations might be related to the high risk of L. monocytogenes SMFM2019‐FV16.
Artificial evolution of OsEPSPS through an improved dual cytosine and adenine base editor generated a novel allele conferring rice glyphosate tolerance
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhong Xue , Li Shaoya , Yan Lei , Li Jingying , He Yubing , Lin Yong , Zhang Yangjun , Xia Lanqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExploiting novel endogenous glyphosate‐tolerant alleles is highly desirable and has promising potential for weed control in rice breeding. Here, through fusions of different effective cytosine and adenine deaminases with nCas9‐NG, we engineered an effective surrogate two‐component composite base editing system, STCBE‐2, with improved C‐to‐T and A‐to‐G base editing efficiency and expanded the editing window. Furthermore, we targeted a rice endogenous OsEPSPS gene for artificial evolution through STCBE‐2‐mediated near‐saturated mutagenesis. After hygromycin and glyphosate selection, we identified a novel OsEPSPS allele with an Asp‐213‐Asn (D213N) mutation (OsEPSPS‐D213N) in the predicted glyphosate‐binding domain, which conferred rice plants reliable glyphosate tolerance and had not been reported or applied in rice breeding. Collectively, we developed a novel dual base editor which will be valuable for artificial evolution of important genes in crops. And the novel glyphosate‐tolerant rice germplasm generated in this study will benefit weeds management in rice paddy fields.
Effects of oral function and depressive tendencies on nutritional status in older adults requiring support or low‐level care: An investigation using path analysis
Authors: Nagata Minaka , Suzuki Keiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis study investigated the effects of differences in oral function and depressive tendencies on nutritional status in older adults requiring support or low‐level care.MethodsIn 106 older adult participants residing in nursing/care homes or participating in community‐level preventive care activities, the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA®‐SF) for nutritional status and oral diadochokinesis (ODK), tongue pressure, and repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) for oral function, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Diet‐Related Quality of Life Scale‐Short Form (DRQOL‐SF), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were administered. Basic information, including cognitive function, was evaluated. Hierarchical MNA (dependent variable)‐based multiple regression analysis was performed, followed by path analysis using factors with significant associations with MNA scores.ResultsRSST, ODK, tongue pressure, FIM, and DRQOL were positively correlated with MNA scores and GDS was negatively correlated. Hierarchical multiple regression demonstrated associations with tongue pressure, GDS, FIM, DRQOL scores, and gender. Path analysis confirmed significant paths from tongue pressure to MNA, tongue pressure to FIM, and FIM to MNA (P < .001). Significant paths were confirmed from GDS to MNA (P < .01), from DRQOL to MNA (P < .05), and from gender to MNA (P < .01).ConclusionsTongue pressure, GDS, FIM, DRQOL scores, and gender were identified as factors that directly affect MNA. Tongue pressure showed the greatest effect and indirectly affected MNA via FIM. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection of low nutritional risk for preventing depression and oral function deterioration, and of evaluation of dietary satisfaction and improvement of quality of life in diets.
Does the dose matter? Antiproliferative efficacy and toxicity of everolimus in patients with neuroendocrine tumors – Experiences from a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Melhorn Philipp , Macheiner Simon , Wolff Ladislaia , Kretschmer‐Chott Elisabeth , Haug Alexander , Mazal Peter , Raderer Markus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mTOR‐inhibitor everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) but is associated with relevant toxicities in clinical practice. Hence, optimal treatment sequencing and the impact of dose reductions have yet to be clarified. This retrospective analysis assessed patients with advanced, well‐differentiated NET treated with everolimus at the Medical University of Vienna. The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of everolimus in a real‐world cohort. A total of 52 patients treated with everolimus for advanced NET grade 1 (G1) or G2 (or typical or atypical carcinoid) 2010–2021 were included in this analysis. The most common sites of origin were pancreas (44%) and lung (29%). The initial dose was decided by the treating physician based on clinical assessment and 25 patients (48%) each were started at 10 mg/day and 5 mg/day. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) following everolimus in the overall cohort was 9.8 months (95% CI: 4.3–15.3), with a statistically significant PFS difference (p = .03) between NET G1/typical carcinoids (42.9 months) and NET G2/atypical carcinoids (8.9 months). PFS was numerically but not significantly shorter in patients treated with a reduced dose (7.5 months vs. 12.4 months, p = .359). Even in this mixed full/half dose cohort, 93% developed treatment‐related side effects (mostly grade I, no grade IV), 63% had dose reductions or interruptions, and five stopped due to toxicity. Median survival following treatment was 40.9 months (95% CI: 21.5–60.3) and no difference with regard to dosing was observed (p = .517). These data from an unselected patient cohort show long‐term outcomes similar to those reported in the pivotal studies. Comparing everolimus starting dose, median PFS did not significantly differ for patients treated at a lower dose. While this finding is limited by the sample size and warrants prospective verification, initiating therapy at a reduced dose might be practicable and safe in a distinct subset of patients.
Curcumin alleviates hypertrophic scarring by inhibiting fibroblast activation and regulating tissue inflammation
Authors: Fei Huanhuan , Qian Yao , Pan Tianyun , Wei Ying , Hu Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic scar (HS) that can lead to defects in appearance and function is often characterized by uncontrolled fibroblast proliferation and excessive inflammation. Curcumin has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects and to play an anti‐fibrotic role by interfering transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads signaling pathways.AimTo study the effect and mechanism of curcumin on HS from the perspective of fibroblast activity and inflammation regulation.MethodsCell proliferation, migration and the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) of TGF‐β1‐induced human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated by curcumin were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine staining, Transwell assay, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. The expression of TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway‐related molecules (TGF‐β1, TGFβ‐R1/2, p‐Smad3, Smad4) was detected by Western blotting. In a rabbit ear model, hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's staining were conducted to assess scar elevation and collagen deposition, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the activation of fibroblasts and infiltration of inflammatory cells.ResultsCurcumin inhibited proliferation, migration and α‐SMA expression of HDFs in a dose‐dependent manner. Curcumin (25 μm mol/L) did not regulate the expression of endogenous TGF‐β1, but suppressed Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, leading to lower α‐SMA expression. Curcumin also reduced hypertrophic scarring of rabbit ear, accompanied by the inhibited TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathway, inflammatory infiltration and M2 macrophage polarization.ConclusionCurcumin plays an anti‐scar role through regulating fibroblast activation and tissue inflammation. Our findings provide scientific reference for the clinical use of curcumin in the treatment of HS.
What adds to job ads? The impact of equality and diversity information on organizational attraction in minority and majority ethnic groups
Authors: Heath Amanda J. , Carlsson Magnus , Agerström Jens 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrior research suggests that job search activities of underrepresented groups are sensitive to diversity cues in recruitment materials, but less is known about the impact of different types of cues. Despite widespread use, employment equality monitoring (EM), or data collection on legally protected characteristics (like gender or ethnic background), has received scant empirical attention. Two experiments used fictitious job advertisements to examine the effects of a strong equality/diversity/inclusion (EDI) value statement and descriptions of EM use by employers. In Study 1, we found that advertisements containing an EDI statement and a statement of EM together produced the highest ratings of organizational prestige, and, in minority respondents, stronger job‐pursuit intentions. Study 2 examined various framing conditions of EM using a between‐subjects design. The inclusion of any EDI information was positively received, but minority ethnicity respondents were less positive when an EM statement was provided without an explanation for why it is done. The practical implications are that both value statements and EM information together could help increase attraction among jobseekers from underrepresented groups, with potential to contribute to diversity branding. However, minority groups are still sceptical of employer EDI credibility and employers must do more than talk the talk.
The connections between personality, ideology and (counter‐)empathic emotions depend on the target
Authors: Hudson Sa‐kiera Tiarra Jolynn , Uenal Fatih 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesExamine the group‐specific connections between personality, ideology, and the moral emotions of empathy and schadenfreude.BackgroundEmpathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial or spiteful harmful behaviors respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we examine two prominent motivators of emotions: personality traits and ideology. Previous work has found that people’s ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group‐based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, personality traits of low agreeableness, low openness, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA.MethodIn the research presented here (Study 1 n = 492; Study 2 n = 786), we examine the relationships between personality traits, ideology, and emotions for groups that are perceived to be dangerous and competitive. We hypothesize that SDO and RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards unique groups. SDO will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards competitive, low‐status groups while RWA will relate to reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating left‐wing authoritarianism as well.ResultsWe find broad support for our expectation that the relationships between personality and emotions, as well as ideology and emotions, depend on the specific group in question.ConclusionsThese results help expand the dual process motivational model of prejudice and suggest the importance of specifying a target group when assessing relationships between personality, ideology, and emotions.
Fractional derivative modeling for characterizing stress relaxation properties of Hami melon during drying
Authors: Yang Yumin , Yu Jinghu , Zhou Xingyu , Qian Shanhua , Zhu Fangyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of food materials will change significantly while drying is in progress, which greatly influences the food deformation caused by drying. This study aims to predict the viscoelastic mechanical behavior of Hami melon during drying using the fractional derivative model. To characterize the relaxation characteristics, based on the finite difference method, an improved Grünwald–Letnikov fractional stress relaxation model is proposed to derive an approximate discrete numerical solution of the relaxation modulus by applying the time fractional calculus. The Laplace transform method is used to verify the obtained results, and the equivalence of the two methods is proved. In addition, the stress relaxation tests prove that the fractional derivative model has a better prediction effect on the stress relaxation behavior of viscoelastic food than classical Zener model. The significant correlations between the fractional order and the stiffness coefficient and the moisture content is also studied. Which is negative correlation and positive correlation respectively.
Persistent low prevalence of hepatitis B vaccination among people with HIV: Time for a change?
Authors: Garcia Angie , Vigil Karen J. , Taylor Barbara , Kshirsagar Onkar , Thamer Mae , Jain Mamta K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). HBV vaccination provides protection from infection; however, vaccination rates are low. We conducted a retrospective analysis at three HIV centres in Texas to determine the proportion of PLWH who received the recommended 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine within 1 year. Factors associated with vaccination completion were explored. In our sample of three sites in a state with high HIV transmission and high rates of liver disease from 2011 to 2021, showed low rates of hepatitis B vaccination. Among eligible PLWH, only 9% completed the 3‐dose hepatitis B vaccine series in 1 year. There is an urgent need to improve HBV vaccination to reach 2030 target for hepatitis B elimination.
Is there a happy culture? Multiple paths to national subjective well‐being
Authors: Pereira Maria C. , Coelho Filipe , Silva Graça Miranda 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study relies on a novel research approach to analyze how national income, income inequality, institutional quality, and culture combine to generate different recipes for eliciting subjective well‐being (SWB). Specifically, we use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, which facilitates the study of the combinations of conditions (paths) that act synergistically to achieve a certain outcome. The study uses data from over 70 countries and finds several combinations of conditions for different periods which lead equally to high SWB, as well as several configurations equally leading to low SWB. Additionally, we find that high national income, income equality, high‐quality institutions, and each of the cultural dimensions are not necessary conditions for high SWB. However, high‐power distance and low individualism are necessary conditions to achieve low SWB. The results for a few individual conditions are in line with previous studies, but we also determine that the effect of the remainder depends on the other conditions present in each combination. Overall, the results deliver an original and contrasting view of the factors leading to a nation's high or low SWB.
Understanding the current and future usage of donor human milk in hospitals: An online survey of UK neonatal units
Authors: Shenker Natalie S. , Griffin Samantha , Hamill‐Keays Jonathan , Thomson Merran , Simpson Judith , Weaver Gillian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of donor human milk (DHM) where there is a shortfall of maternal milk can benefit both infant and maternal outcomes but DHM supply is not always assured. This study aimed to understand current DHM usage in UK neonatal units and potential future demand to inform service planning. An online survey was disseminated to all UK neonatal units using Smart Survey or by telephone between February and April 2022 after development alongside neonatal unit teams. Surveys were completed by 55.4% of units (108/195) from all 13 Operational Delivery Networks. Only four units reported not using DHM, and another two units only if infants are transferred on DHM feeds. There was marked diversity in DHM implementation and usage and unit protocols varied greatly. Five of six units with their own milk bank had needed to source milk from an external milk bank in the last year. Ninety units (84.9%) considered DHM was sometimes (n = 35) or always (n = 55) supportive of maternal breastfeeding, and three units (2.9%) responded that DHM was rarely supportive of breastfeeding. Usage was predicted to increase by 37 units (34.9%), and this drive was principally a result of parental preference, clinical trials and improved evidence. These findings support the assumption that UK hospital DHM demand will increase after updated recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the British Association of Perinatal Medicine. These data will assist service delivery planning, underpinned by an ongoing programme of implementation science and training development, to ensure future equity of access to DHM nationally.
The use of RNA interference for the management of arthropod pests in livestock farms
Authors: Bonina Valeria , Arpaia Salvatore 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPest management in farm animals is an important action to contain economic damage to livestock production and prevent transmission of severe diseases to the stock. The use of chemical insecticides is still the most common approach followed by farmers; however, avoiding possible toxic effects on animals is a fundamental task for pest control measures compatible with animal well‐being. Moreover, legal constraints and insurgence of resistance by target species to the available insecticidal compounds are increasingly complicating farmers' operations. Alternatives to chemical pesticides have been explored with some promising results in the area of biological control or the use of natural products as sprays. The application of RNA interference techniques has enabled the production of new means of pest control in agriculture, and it is opening a promising avenue for controlling arthropod pests of livestock. Transcript depletion of specific target genes of the recipient organisms is based on the action of double‐strand RNAs (dsRNA) capable of impairing the production of fundamental proteins. Their mode of action, based on the specific recognition of short genomic sequences, is expected to be highly selective towards non‐target organisms potentially exposed; in addition, there are physical and chemical barriers to dsRNA uptake by mammalian cells that render these products practically innocuous for higher animals. Summarising existing literature on gene silencing for main taxa of arthropod pests of livestock (Acarina, Diptera, Blattoidea), this review explores the perspectives of practical applications of dsRNA‐based pesticides against the main pests of farm animals. Knowledge gaps are summarised to stimulate additional research in this area.