bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of the Self‐Erecting Tower for Onshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Merino Pablo Gascon , Morales Mariela Mendez , Rebelo Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMassive wind energy converters are becoming more popular in the market. However, such technologies are troublesome to implement onshore due to logistic issues and costly erection techniques. Hence, industry and research have focused on producing lighter and modular towers to overcome these limitations. The Self‐Erecting Tower (SeT) is made from modular staves that are assembled by an internal crane. This crane is supported by a helicoidal rail attached to the inner face of the staves, allowing it to move along the tower's height to help with erection, maintenance, and future disassembling of the structure. Finite element analyses of the tower and its parts have been performed with the primary objective of assessing the structural feasibility of this innovative concept. A parametric analysis based on the first natural frequency of the tower was performed to define the SeT gross geometry. Later, a specific combination of variables was analysed to evaluate the maximum stresses. A significant level of confidence was achieved through the numerical modelling, confirming that the SeT can support the design actions imposed by a 5 MW wind turbine for 160 m hub height. Lastly, an economic evaluation of the final design was conducted and compared with other traditional solutions.
Column web component under out‐of‐plane loading: experimental and numerical studies
Authors: Lemma Melaku , da Silva Luis Simões , Conde Jorge , Rebelo Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCharacterization of the column web under out‐of‐plane tension or compression (CWOP) is required for the application of the component method to the design of joints in which a beam is directly attached to a column web (open sections) or face (hollow sections). This component, however, is neither covered by the current version of the Eurocode EN 1993‐1‐8 (2005), nor its ongoing revision. While several researchers have worked on characterizing the column faces, primarily in welded tubular section connections, only a few studied the component in open sections. A set of experimental campaigns are currently underway at the University of Coimbra to characterize the resistance and stiffness of connections bolted to the webs of hot‐rolled and welded columns. The current paper highlights the experimental results of two tests and calibration of their numerical models.
Numerical study on steel plate girders ‐ Intermediate transverse stiffeners axial force
Authors: Nascimento Sérgio , Pedro José Oliveira , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransverse stiffeners are used in steel plate girders with slender webs to provide lateral support to the web along the span and thus increase the plate girder shear resistance. Furthermore, transverse stiffeners anchor the tension field, resulting in axial compression in the stiffener. Despite this, it is widely assumed that the design axial force provided by the FprEN 1993‐1‐5 [1] for the transverse stiffeners is significantly greater than that observed in experimental testing and numerical simulations.The results of 550 nonlinear numerical simulations of plate girders loaded in shear up to failure are presented. Shear resistance and axial stiffener forces are evaluated while the effects of a wide parameter range as web aspect ratio and thickness, flange‐to‐web area ratio, and steel grade are investigated. The numerical results are compared to the European standard design values. Finally, a statistical analysis of the set of results is presented.The numerical analyses show that the axial forces installed in the intermediate transverse stiffeners are significantly lower than those specified by FprEN 1993‐1‐5 [1].
Seismic Performance of Brace Middle‐Connection in Steel Concentrically Braced Frames with X‐Bracing
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Imanpour Ali , Tremblay Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental investigation of two brace middle connections: 1) using a slotted tube knife‐plate connection (STKPC), and 2) a bolted sandwich plate connection (BSPC). The STKPC consists of a gusset plate slotted through the continuous brace and welded to discontinuous braces. The BSPC consists of two cover plates and four U‐shaped plates connecting the discontinuous braces using bolts. The two cover plates pass on either side of the continuous brace and are bolted to the U‐shaped plates. These connections are used to join the discontinuous braces in steel concentrically braced frames (CBFs) configured with X‐bracing. These connections were tested as part of a full‐scale CBF using quasi‐static testing. In both specimens, seismic energy dissipated through yielding and buckling of the braces. However, in the specimen with STKPC, axial deformation is concentrated in a single discontinuous brace, which led to local buckling at mid‐length and subsequent fracture. In contrast, the BSPC is able to better distribute axial deformation between the two discontinuous braces delaying local buckling. Moreover, the measured buckling capacity of braces when using the BSPC matches well the expected compressive resistance calculated using an effective length factor K = 0.45.
Structural performance evaluation of thin‐walled concrete filled steel tube column to reinforced concrete wide beam connection
Authors: Kim Jinwon , Lee Kyungkoo , Kim Daehee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract[Abstract: This study summarized the full scale test results of the thin walled concrete filled steel tube column to reinforced concrete wide beam connection. The thin walled concrete filled steel tube column to reinforced concrete wide beam connection does not have any structural element that can reliably transfer shear forces and moments between steel column face and concrete, while in the conventional reinforced concrete system, continuity is ensured by the monolithic casting of concrete. The composite anchor is needed to effectively transfer the moment and shear force of the wide beam to the column. In order to verify the efficiency of the proposed composite anchor, nine full size specimens were fabricated and tested by applying a load downward to the upper column of the specimen upside down in order to simulate the gravity load imposed on the beam. Experimental results show that the strength of thin walled concrete filled steel tube column and reinforced concrete wide beam connections with the proposed composite anchor can exhibit superior performance than that of the conventional reinforced concrete beam to column system.
Shear Buckling Behavior of Tapered Steel Plate Girders with Sinusoidally Corrugated Webs
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Zheng , Pasternak Hartmut , Euler Mathias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSteel plate girders with I‐section are frequently used in industrial buildings and bridge design as prismatic members that means as members with parallel flanges and rectangular webs. The structural efficiency can significantly be achieved if such members are designed with tapered webs that means with non‐rectangular webs. Depending on the flange inclination and the moment diagram, the stress in the webs of tapered plate girders is significantly affected also as known as Résal effect. Furthermore, the structural efficiency of plate girders can be improved if the flat webs are replaced by corrugated webs. The gain in out‐of‐plane stiffness due to the corrugated webs reduces the buckling sensitivity of the web. As tapered plate girders with sinusoidally corrugated webs under shear forces have not been subject of research up to now, a numerical investigation on the shear force resistance of such girders has been made. The most important findings are presented. It can be stated that the shear force resistance of tapered girders with corrugated webs cannot accurately be predicted by the existing calculation models for prismatic members.
An Analytical Design Approach for Outstand Steel Plates in Compression
Authors: Becque Jurgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCurrent design approaches to determine the capacity of plates in local buckling are based on empirical equations, in particular the widely used Winter equation. In contrast, this research presents a novel analytical approach, focusing on outstand steel plates. The derivation of the method is rooted in the Föppl‐von Karman equations, which are first simplified by making a number of basic mechanical assumptions about the post‐buckling stress field. An approximate solution to the emerging differential equation is obtained, which assumes a polynomial displacement profile in the transverse direction of the plate. This solution agrees eminently well with the results of finite element simulations, both for the case of a geometrically perfect plate and a plate containing an initial imperfection. By combining the obtained post‐buckling stress profile with a failure criterion based on von Karman's effective width concept, a closed‐form strength equation for compressed outstand plates is derived, which is seen to be a sole function of the plate slenderness and a dimensionless imperfection factor. This equation agrees closely with the available experimental data.
Design for disassembling, reuse, and the circular economy: a demonstration building, “Petite Maison”
Authors: Odenbreit Christoph , Yang Jie , Kozma András , Romero Alfredo , Popa Nicoleta , Hanus François , Obiala Renata 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor sustainability purposes, steel reuse at the material, structural element, and structure levels has been proposed and encouraged in recent years. Designing for deconstruction or disassembly is identified as one key strategy. A recent RFCS (Research Fund for Coal and Steel) project – REDUCE – has investigated the methodology and opportunities to design and facilitate the reuse of composite structures in steel frames. Furthermore, a demonstration building – the Pavilion “Petite Maison” – has been constructed using the solutions developed within REDUCE. The “Petite Maison” is located in Esch‐sur‐Alzette, Luxembourg, and it contributes to Esch2022, European Capital of Culture, by promoting circularity, reuse, and sustainability. It is open to public visits and is planned to be deconstructed with elements being tracked for reuse. This paper presents the design concept of the structural system of the “Petite Maison”, proposals of standard and modular elements and kits, and the analyzing methods for adaptable steel connections and demountable shear connections that are applied in the system.
Experimental determination of the fatigue behavior of dowel strips in ortho‐composite slabs for road bridges
Authors: Wisnewski Joachim , Stroetmann Richard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn contrast to reinforced concrete and conventional composite bridges, the orthotropic steel deck slab offers a high load‐bearing capacity combined with a low dead weight. It is therefore ideally suited for slender and long‐span structures. However, the notch sharpness in the details and drastically increased traffic loads led to extensive fatigue damage and, as a consequence, often to premature repair or replacement work. With the ortho‐composite slab a lightweight and robust construction is currently being developed as an alternative. It combines the significant advantages of a low dead weight, long service life and economical production. The construction consists of a modified orthotropic stiffened steel plate and a thin, single‐layer reinforced in‐situ concrete. Composite dowel strips (CDS) with a clothoid shape are provided as shear connectors. In this paper, the experimental test program will be introduced. It comprises static push‐out tests on CDS in longitudinal and transverse directions as well as static and cyclic beam and segment tests. The focus lies on the test set‐ups, sample preparations, measurement concepts and the results of the so‐called beam tests. The investigations presented here were carried out as part of the AiF‐FOSTA research project P1265 [1].
The influence of the steel beam‐concrete slab interaction on the robustness capacity of steel frames
Authors: Jakab Dominiq , Dinu Florea , Neagu Calin , Dubina Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeismic resistant multistorey steel frames are expected to mitigate progressive collapse even when subjected to extreme loading events. The use of high redundant structural systems and ductile members and connections are key features that provide such structural robustness. The composite action between the steel beam and the concrete slab may also help increasing the robustness, but in practice it is difficult to quantify this contribution if the joint behaviour is not detailed. The paper presents the results of a numerical study that aimed to investigate the contribution of the composite action to the progressive collapse resistance of steel frame structures. The main parameters investigated in the study were the level of the composite action in beams and strength and stiffness properties of beam‐to‐column joints. The numerical model was calibrated using two reference experimental column loss tests, one with steel beams and one with composite beams. The model considers the interaction between the steel beams and concrete slab by means of shear studs and reinforcement detailing. The results showed that the contribution of the slab lessens the demands on the joints when compared with bare steel systems and provides and adequate behaviour at large deformation stage. The progressive collapse resistance may be further controlled by means of joint flexural and axial strengths.
Design to manufacture of fully stressed curved structures through elastic deformation of thin steel sheets with interlocking connections
Authors: Moussavi Seyed Mobin , Lienhard Julian , Liu Dongyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research project presents the development of a fully digital design to manufacture process chain for high‐performance curved steel elements produced by laser cutting thin steel sheets and assembled through elastic deformation. Although there have been developments in industrial robotic setups to automate steel beam bending, these processes rely on an iterative approach and are time‐consuming and costly when there is a need for high accuracy.The paper shows how the production of tailor‐made geometric parts with interlocking connections enables the design of free‐form structure as well as the complete integration of secondary functions such as façade and mounting positions. The research is based on an integrated co‐development of the construction system, structural FEA analysis, as well as manufacturing and assembly methods. A computational tool was developed to combine geometric studies and structural analysis and to automate fabrication data. This project is situated in an industrial context to test the potential for upscaling the system and detailing techniques for the assembly of curved geometries. The potential of the system is demonstrated through the design and fabrication of a 1:1 scale canopy.
Applications of 3D scanning and digital image correlation in structural experiments
Authors: Meng Xin , Pullen Andy , Guo Xi , Yun Xiang , Gardner Leroy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe primary aim of the present study is to explore the use, advantages and potential of two advanced data acquisition techniques – 3D scanning and digital image correlation (DIC), in the testing of metallic structures. 3D scanning is a novel method for capturing the full outer geometry of an object. It is being increasingly used in experimental studies for the determination of dimensional parameters and the characterisation of local and global imperfections, examples of which are given and discussed. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a rapidly evolving technology for the full‐field measurement of the displacements and strains over a surface. A brief introduction to DIC and its workflow is firstly provided. Example applications of DIC in various scales of experiments, including material tests, structural element tests and full‐scale structural system tests, are subsequently discussed. These new‐generation data acquisition techniques enable structural researchers to gain a deeper insight into the behaviour of metallic structures in experimental research.
Novel method for the prediction of load bearing capacity of compressed C channels considering interaction of buckling modes
Authors: Vaszilievits‐Sömjén Bálint , Papp Ferenc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe proposed method focuses on the interaction of global and local buckling. A modified Ayrton‐Perry type buckling curve is proposed to calculate the ultimate compression force resistance of centrically compressed cold‐formed C channel. The new buckling curve incorporates both the effects of global imperfections and shift of the center of gravity caused by local buckling of slender web plate of the considered sections. Distortional buckling usually does not play any role for this configuration.The effective cross‐section properties for the use of the new buckling curve are determined using critical stresses obtained both by finite‐elements analysis and finite strip analysis. The shift of center of effective cross‐section will produce an additional second order bending moment amplified with the corresponding global buckling multiplier.The results are compared with the curve proposed by AISI Direct Strength Method for global‐local interaction and with simulation results, in agreement with the recommendations of the new prEN 1993‐1‐14.
Finite Element Analysis on Flexural Bearing Performance of Innovative Closed Profiled Steel Sheeting‐Concrete Composite Slab
Authors: Ding Lu , Yongjiu Shi , Dong Liu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBased on ABAQUS system, the flexural behavior of the closed profiled steel sheeting‐concrete composite slab was studied. The influence of different geometric and material parameters on the bending bearing capacity and flexural rigidity of the closed profiled steel sheeting‐concrete composite slab was analyzed. And the applicability of the current Chinese codes to the calculation of the bending bearing capacity of the closed composite slab was discussed. The results showed that, the influence of slab thickness is the largest, followed by the thickness and strength of steel sheeting, and the influence of concrete strength is the smallest; the calculation of the flexural bearing capacity of the closed profiled steel sheeting‐concrete composite slab is safe and conservative in accordance with the current Chinese codes.
Experimental investigations on the load‐bearing behavior of shear studs in trapezoidal sheet in fire
Authors: Tutzer Kurt , Kaul Mathias , Mensinger Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComposite slabs, consisting of a steel section, profiled sheet and concrete, have been used successfully in composite construction for many years. In order to increase the maximum span widths, trapezoidal sheets with deeper ribs are increasingly being used. The use of modern deep steel decking changes the load‐bearing behaviour of the shear studs towards greater flexibility and ductility, but also towards a lower load‐bearing capacity. In recent years, a significant amount of research has been carried out into the load bearing behaviour of shear studs in profiled sheets, resulting in the development of a new design approach in the draft prEN 1994‐1‐1. Compared to the Ultimate Limite State (ULS), scarce research has been conducted for elevated temperature. It is therefore difficult to evaluate the compatibility of the new design approach from the draft with the existing regulations from EN 1994‐1‐2. In order to fill this gap in knowledge, push‐out tests have been carried out on trapezoidal sheets under elevated temperature. The focus of this paper is to describe the experimental approach and the first results.
Analytical and numerical calculation of the buckling stress for panels with closed‐section stiffeners
Authors: Piculin Sara , Pourostad Vahid , Može Primož , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe forthcoming second generation of EN 1993‐1‐5 is bringing changes in terms of buckling and interpolation curves that allow the positive effects of torsional stiffness of closed‐section stiffeners to be taken into account. Regarding the determination of the critical buckling stress for global plate buckling, analytical or numerical methods may be used. FprEN 1993‐1‐5 provides a simplified analytical equation for determining the critical buckling stress of an equivalent orthotropic plate, which can also be found in the informative Annex A of EN 1993‐1‐5. The given equation does not take into account the torsional stiffness of longitudinal stiffeners with closed cross‐sections. The latter are often used in plated structures due to fabrication and strength benefits. This paper compares two methods for determining the elastic critical plate buckling stress that consider the positive effect of the torsional stiffness of closed‐section stiffeners. First, a newly proposed analytical method that accounts for the torsional stiffness of closed‐section stiffeners is derived on the same basis as the current equation in Annex A. Secondly, a numerical linear buckling analysis is performed on a large number of stiffened panels. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are pointed out. Finally, both values are used to determine the ultimate resistance of plates and with GMNIA results from previous studies.
Study of the Behaviour of S355 Welded Joints with CHS Columns and Through Beams
Authors: Safaeifaegh Shervin , Zanon Gabriele , Bursi Oreste S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCircular hollow section elements are an appealing solution in steel structures, but the complexity in the realization of the joints represents their main limitation, particularly in the case of columns with passing through beams. In this context laser cutting technology allows for simplified solutions. The minimal clearances between the elements and bevels to achieve full/partial penetration butt welds are important aspects to optimize the behaviour of joints subjected to seismic and gravitational loads. The RFCS LASTTS project was conceived and funded to investigate the performance and to optimize the fabrication of the joints. In this context, numerical analyses based on the FE method by means of the ABAQUS software and an experimental tensile tests campaign on the joints were carried out. Three different welding solutions of joints, full penetration butt weld and full/partial fillet weld, made using mild steel S355 are studied. The study provides important indications on the choice of the most suitable weld techniques for the studied joints highlighting a good behaviour of the full‐strength fillet weld solution. Moreover, the good agreement between experimental and numerical results highlights the capability of the model to investigate joint with different geometries.