bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory-42
Authors: Kou Jun , Xu Wei , Sun Qiqi , Xie Qingyun , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory-42(CPCI-42) is mainly used for chronic pain management project, its original version is written in English and has been widely used in western countries. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to apply the CPCI-42 to Chinese patients and evaluate its responsiveness, reliability, and validity for Chinese patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH).

Methods
Translation and adaptation were carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Outcome Committee. A total of 133 patients who were diagnosed with LDH were included in this study. Psychometric evaluations were then performed and included score distribution, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness.

Results
CPCI-42 is well adapted to the assessment of the cognitive and behavioral strategies of patients with LDH, and the scores of score distribution, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, construct validity, and responsiveness are excellent. Forward and reverse translation of the CPCI-42 to English from Chinese worked smoothly.

Conclusion
It is applicable to the assessment of quality of life of the cognitive and behavioral strategies of patients with LDH, and the scores of all indicators are excellent.
Efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 632 patients
Authors: Liu Kun , Zhang Qingyu , Chen Lili , Zhang Haoran , Xu Xiqiang , Yuan Zenong , Dong Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been widely used for pain control in musculoskeletal disorders. Whether ESWT can relieve chronic low back pain (CLBP) and improve lumbar function is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to comprehensively analyse and determine the efficacy and safety of ESWT for chronic low back pain.

Methods
Four databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ESWT for CLBP. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane systematic review criteria, relevant data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. The primary outcomes were pain intensity, disability status, and mental health. The data were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) or weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. If I2 ≥ 50%, a random effects model was applied; otherwise, a fixed effects model was used.

Results
Twelve RCTs involving 632 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The ESWT group reported significantly more pain relief than the control group at 4 weeks (WMD =  − 1.04; 95% CI =  − 1.44 to − 0.65; P < 0.001) and 12 weeks (WMD =  − 0.85; 95% CI =  − 1.30 to − 0.41; P < 0.001). Regarding the dysfunction index, ESWT led to significant improvement in lumbar dysfunction compared with the control group at 4 weeks (WMD =  − 4.22; 95% CI =  − 7.55 to − 0.89; P < 0.001) and 12 weeks (WMD =  − 4.51; 95% CI =  − 8.58 to − 0.44; P = 0.03). For mental health, there was no significant difference between the ESWT group and the control group after 4 weeks of intervention (SMD = 1.17; 95% CI =  − 0.10 to 2.45; P = 0.07).

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis found that ESWT provided better pain relief and improved lumbar dysfunction compared with the other interventions included, and no serious adverse effects were found. There was no significant effect of ESWT on the mental health of patients, but we hope to obtain more RCTs for further analysis in the future. Based on the pooled results, we suggest that ESWT is effective and safe for treating chronic low back pain.
A comprehensive study of the rare diseases and conditions targeted by orphan drug designations and approvals over the forty years of the Orphan Drug Act
Authors: Fermaglich Lewis J. , Miller Kathleen L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Rare diseases affect more than 30 million Americans. The passage of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA) in the United States in 1983 represented a launching point for a rare disease drug development revolution for these patients. Financial incentives provided by the ODA through its Orphan Drug Designation Program, in addition to remarkable scientific advances over the past 40 years, have led to hundreds of drug approvals for rare diseases. Our research examines the rare diseases that have been targeted by orphan drug designations and subsequent approvals since the law was enacted.

Methods
Using an internal FDA database, we classified and analyzed all orphan drug designations and approvals from 1983 to 2022 by disease and therapeutic area.

Results
Over the 40 years of the ODA, 6,340 orphan drug designations were granted, representing drug development for 1,079 rare diseases. Additionally, 882 of those designations resulted in at least one FDA approval for use in 392 rare diseases. Much of this development has been concentrated in oncology as seven of the top ten most designated and approved diseases were rare cancers.

Conclusions
Researchers have estimated that there may be 7000–10,000 rare diseases that have been identified and described. Based on our study, we can conclude that around 5% of rare diseases have an FDA-approved drug and up to 15% of rare diseases have at least one drug that has been developed and shown promise in their treatment, diagnosis or prevention. Funding of basic and translational science for rare disease drug development should continue in order to bring therapies to the millions of affected patients who remain without treatment options.
Development and application of nanomaterials, nanotechnology and nanomedicine for treating hematological malignancies
Authors: Li Jinxin , Wang Qiwei , Han Yingli , Jiang Lingli , Lu Siqi , Wang Beini , Qian Wenchang , Zhu Meng , Huang He , Qian Pengxu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHematologic malignancies (HMs) pose a serious threat to patients’ health and life, and the five-year overall survival of HMs remains low. The lack of understanding of the pathogenesis and the complex clinical symptoms brings immense challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of HMs. Traditional therapeutic strategies for HMs include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although immunotherapy and cell therapy have made considerable progress in the last decade, nearly half of patients still relapse or suffer from drug resistance. Recently, studies have emerged that nanomaterials, nanotechnology and nanomedicine show great promise in cancer therapy by enhancing drug targeting, reducing toxicity and side effects and boosting the immune response to promote durable immunological memory. In this review, we summarized the strategies of recently developed nanomaterials, nanotechnology and nanomedicines against HMs and then proposed emerging strategies for the future designment of nanomedicines to treat HMs based on urgent clinical needs and technological progress.
Emerging therapies targeting the delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rudin Charles M. , Reck Martin , Johnson Melissa L. , Blackhall Fiona , Hann Christine L. , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Bailis Julie M. , Bebb Gwyn , Goldrick Amanda , Umejiego John , Paz-Ares Luis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma with a poor prognosis. Initial responses to standard-of-care chemo-immunotherapy are, unfortunately, followed by rapid disease recurrence in most patients. Current treatment options are limited, with no therapies specifically approved as third-line or beyond. Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), a Notch inhibitory ligand, is an attractive therapeutic target because it is overexpressed on the surface of SCLC cells with minimal to no expression on normal cells. Several DLL3-targeted therapies are being developed for the treatment of SCLC and other neuroendocrine carcinomas, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), T-cell engager (TCE) molecules, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies. First, we discuss the clinical experience with rovalpituzumab tesirine (Rova-T), a DLL3-targeting ADC, the development of which was halted due to a lack of efficacy in phase 3 studies, with a view to understanding the lessons that can be garnered for the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape in SCLC. We then review preclinical and clinical data for several DLL3-targeting agents that are currently in development, including the TCE molecules—tarlatamab (formerly known as AMG 757), BI 764532, and HPN328—and the CAR T-cell therapy AMG 119. We conclude with a discussion of the future challenges and opportunities for DLL3-targeting therapies, including the utility of DLL3 as a biomarker for patient selection and disease progression, and the potential of rational combinatorial approaches that can enhance efficacy.
The combined effect of EGR and hydrogen addition on a Syzygium cumini (jamun) liquid biofuel engine
Authors: Kannappan Chandrasekar , Sengottaiyan Sudhakar , Ramasamy Rajappan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRapid depletion of fossil fuels required the development of alternate and sustainable fuel sources that could replace conventional fuel while having no negative environmental impact. Combining hydrogen induction with biodiesel ensures strict emission standards and lowers energy consumption compared to conventional fuels. In this study, the performance, emissions, and combustion of a CI engine for Syzygiumcumini (B20) were assessed and compared to diesel fuel while using a fixed amount of hydrogen flow rate (6L/m). Throughout the experiment, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology of 10% and 20% and a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm at varying engine load circumstances were used. When hydrogen is added to B20, it decrease the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC). At maximum load, the use of the EGR system decreased the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) by 13.4% and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission by 25%, but it had a negative impact on BTE, BSEC, as well as other emission parameters including CO and UHC. Therefore, using hydrogen in dual fuel mode in a CI engine enhances performance and lowers exhaust emissions, while using the EGR approach reduces NOX emissions.
Screening of skatole-degrading bacteria and control of human fecal odor by compound bacteria
Authors: Ye Jiangyu , Fu Qian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The biodegradation of skatole was used as a starting point in this study, and existing strains of degrading NH3 and H2S in the laboratory were combined to create a composite deodorant. The deodorization effect of the composite deodorant on human feces was investigated in order to provide a foundation for fecal odor gas treatment.

Methods
Skatole-degrading bacteria were identified, degradation conditions were optimized, and skatole metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The skatole-degrading bacteria were combined with the existing strains of degrading NH3 and H2S in the laboratory to make a compound deodorizer, and the deodorizing effect of the compound deodorizer on fresh human feces and old human feces was compared. Liquid chromatography, specific sensors, and gas chromatography were used to determine the contents of skatole, NH3, H2S, and volatile organic compounds, and the microbial diversity was examined.

Results
Microbial agents H and Y capable of utilizing skatole were screened out under aerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions, respectively. Within 48 h, the degradation rate of skatole by microbial agent Y was 88.52%. Following condition optimization, the optimum temperature for skatole degradation by microbial agent Y was 33 °C, and the optimum pH was 7. The main functional bacteria were Acinetobacter xiamenensis. The metabolites of skatole were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and six possible metabolites were found, including 3-aldehyde indole, 3-carboxyl indole, 1H-indole-2,3-dione, and 3-methyl indole pyruvate. The skatole-degrading bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were then combined in proportion to form a composite deodorant. The 5-day degradation rate of skatole in the old manure group was 88.11%, while the 5-day degradation rate in the fresh manure group was 47.56%.

Conclusions
The compound microbial agent developed in this study has a solid deodorizing effect, particularly in the control of the odor of obsolete feces. The use of composite microbial agents can efficiently degrade skatole in human feces, providing a theoretical foundation for the use of microbial remediation in the actual world.

Graphical Abstract
Urban electricity governance and the (re)production of heterogeneous electricity constellations in Dar es Salaam
Authors: Koepke Mathias , Monstadt Jochen , Pilo’ Francesca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectricity infrastructures in sub-Saharan African cities are characterized by heterogeneous socio-technical constellations, including alternative grid access channels and off-grid systems. These constellations secure access beyond conventional grids but also produce adverse social, environmental, and economic outcomes affecting sustainable energy transition efforts. In fact, interventions aiming to promote energy transitions may be restricted by institutional mechanisms that produce and maintain these heterogeneous constellations. This article explores these institutional mechanisms by focusing on the governance of heterogeneous electricity constellations in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It develops a novel framework on governance modalities to understand and explain the logics, mechanisms, and actors that govern different constellations across diverse neighborhoods as well as to unpack how they limit the potential of sustainable energy transitions and offer specific opportunities for them.ResultsThis article is based on a qualitative case study covering three diverse neighborhood types in Dar es Salaam (i.e., low-income, peri-urban, and affluent areas) that reflect heterogeneous user demands. The research draws on interviews with residents and community leaders to understand local modes of coordination, the participatory observation of technical features and user practices, as well as document sources and semi-structured expert interviews to analyze institutional aspects. Our study demonstrates that heterogeneous electricity constellations in Dar es Salaam are governed by the place-based interplay of four governance modalities: hierarchical, market-based, network-based, and managerial governance. Based on this conceptualization, we identified critical barriers for interventions toward urban energy transitions in the context of infrastructural heterogeneity, namely, conflicting logics that shape conventional grid services, complex and fragmented actor constellations, and diverging, place-based interests among various actors, including different state actors.ConclusionsOur study indicates that heterogeneous urban infrastructure constellations are not merely a response to the considerable socio-spatial inequalities within Southern cities. Rather, their prevailing importance and (re)production must be understood as resulting from the interplay of various governance modalities. The study contributes to debates on urban energy transitions in sub-Sahara Africa by explaining the institutional complexity associated with infrastructural heterogeneity, which can restrict interventions aiming to improve and universalize service provision through heterogeneous urban electricity constellations.
“I wouldn’t need Narcan for myself, but I can have it for somebody else:” perceptions of harm reduction among hospitalized patients with OUD
Authors: French Rachel , Holliday Davis M. , Aronowitz Shoshana V. , Crowe Molly , Abrams Matthew , Edwards Grace , Lowenstein Margaret 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundExtant literature is limited on adoption of evidence-based harm reduction strategies in hospitals. We explored patient perceptions of incorporating harm reduction supplies and education in hospital care with patients with opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsQualitative descriptive study of hospitalized patients with OUD in Philadelphia, PA using semi-structured interviews conducted between April and August of 2022.ResultsThree major themes emerged from 21 interviews with hospitalized patients with OUD: (1) Applicability and Acceptability of Harm Reduction Practices for Oneself; (2) Applicability and Acceptability of Harm Reduction Practices for Others; (3) Perceptions of Harm Reduction Conversations. Most participants were familiar with harm reduction but varied in their perceptions of its relevance for their lives. We noted differences in how participants viewed the applicability and acceptably of harm reduction practices that they perceived as intended to help others (e.g., naloxone) versus intended to help themselves (e.g., syringes). Most participants reported that meaningful conversations about drug use did not happen with their care team but that these conversations would have been acceptable if they were conducted in a way consistent with their individual substance use goals.ConclusionsPatients' interest and perceived acceptability of harm reduction services during hospitalization varied by individual patient factors and the perceived user of specific interventions. Given their positive potential, harm reduction practices should be incorporated in hospitals, but this must be done in a way that is acceptable to patients. Our findings reveal ways to integrate concepts from a harm reduction approach within a traditional medical model. More work is needed to understand the impact of such integration.
The effect of e-commerce livestreaming services on customer loyalty: a test of the chain mediation model
Authors: Ye XinMei , Batool Hira , Huang Shi-Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19 has made the offline real economy suffer an unprecedented test, and the online e-commerce livestreaming model, as a new marketing model, has been rapidly developed. Based on the SOR model, this paper clarifies the interaction between e-commerce livestreaming and consumer decision-making, taking the e-commerce livestream as an independent variable, customer engagement and value co-creation as intermediary variables, and customer loyalty as the dependent variable. This paper explores the evolution from e-commerce livestreaming to customer loyalty. The target sample consists of 475 Chinese e-commerce livestream viewers. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used for empirical analysis, and MPLUS8.0 is used for data analysis. Aesthetic appeal, functional layout and verbal communication have a direct impact on customer engagement, while financial security, Nonverbal communication and service skills have no significant impact. In value co-creation, customer engagement has a direct impact on functional, hedonic and social values, which all have a direct impact on customer loyalty. Customer engagement does not singularly mediate between e-commerce livestreaming and customer loyalty, while value co-creation does have a mediating effect. Customer engagement and value co-creation have an enchained mediating effect between e-commerce livestreaming and customer loyalty. The research results reveal the effects of e-commerce livestreaming, provide a new entry point for considering stimuli in the application of SOR theory to e-commerce, and demonstrate how e-commerce livestreaming provides customers with visual beauty and personalized experiences while enhancing the communication skills of the operations and service staff. This research extends the scene theory of e-commerce livestreaming services and provides significant insights into e-commerce livestreaming platforms and enterprise management.
Incidence of intraoperative hypotension during non-cardiac surgery in community anesthesia practice: a retrospective observational analysis
Authors: Saasouh Wael , Christensen Anna L. , Xing Fei , Chappell Desirée , Lumbley Josh , Woods Brian , Mythen Monty , Dutton Richard P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is well-described in the academic setting but not in community practice. IOH is associated with risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This is the first report of IOH in the community setting using the IOH measure definition from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Merit-based Incentive Payment System program. Objectives: To describe the incidence of IOH in the community setting; assess variation in IOH by patient-, procedure-, and facility-level characteristics; and describe variation in risk-adjusted IOH across clinicians.

Methods
Design
Cross-sectional descriptive analysis of retrospective data from anesthesia records in 2020 and 2021.
Setting
Forty-five facilities affiliated with two large anesthesia providers in the USA.
Participants
Patients aged 18 years or older having non-emergent, non-cardiac surgery under general, neuraxial, or regional anesthesia. Cases were excluded based on criteria for the IOH measure: baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 65 mmHg prior to anesthesia induction; American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of I, V, or VI; monitored anesthesia care only; deliberate induced hypotension; obstetric non-operative procedures; liver or lung transplant; cataract surgery; non-invasive gastrointestinal cases.
Main outcomes
IOH, using four definitions. Primary definition: binary assessment of whether the case had MAP < 65 mmHg for 15 min or more. Secondary definitions: total number of minutes of MAP < 65 mmHg, total area under MAP of 65 mmHg, time-weighted average MAP < 65 mmHg.

Results
Among 127,095 non-emergent, non-cardiac cases in community anesthesia settings, 29% had MAP < 65 mmHg for at least 15 min cumulatively, with an overall mean of 12.4 min < 65 mmHg. IOH was slightly more common in patients who were younger, female, and ASA II (versus III or IV); in procedures that were longer and had higher anesthesia base units; and in ambulatory surgery centers. Incidence of IOH varied widely across individual clinicians in both unadjusted and risk-adjusted analyses.

Conclusion
Intraoperative hypotension is common in community anesthesia practice, including among patients and settings typically considered “low risk.” Variation in incidence across clinicians remains after risk-adjustment, suggesting that IOH is a modifiable risk worth pursuing in quality improvement initiatives.