bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Round, Bruising Sort of Pain”: Autistic Girls’ Social Camouflaging in Inclusive High School Settings
Authors: Goscicki Brittney L. , Scoggins Mattie E. , Espinosa Gabriela Herrera , Hodapp Robert M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough autistic females often “camouflage” their autism, few studies examine the degree to which adolescent females demonstrate these behaviors in inclusive school settings. We examined: (a) the nature, extent, and underlying motivation of camouflaging in high school; (b) the extent to which autistic girls’ characteristics related to camouflaging settings, people, benefits, costs, and school supports; and (c) how girls’ open-ended descriptions agreed with closed-ended camouflaging ratings. Using quantitative and qualitative analyses, this study examined the extent, domains, costs, and benefits of autistic females’ school-based camouflaging. Thirty-one autistic female adolescents, all included in general education classrooms, answered rating and interview questions. Autistic females camouflaged most often in general education classrooms and with teachers and neurotypical peers that they did not know well; least often at home or with neurodivergent friends. Later age of diagnosis was associated with more camouflaging and camouflaging costs. Qualitative analyses revealed four themes: autistic identity; negative peer experiences; negative consequences of camouflaging; and value of neurodivergent friends. Some qualitative findings converged with quantitative findings, others diverged. Implications are discussed for research and practice for supporting autistic females in general education school settings.
The Effect of Executive Function on Word Recognition: Comparison Between Native Chinese and Learners with Chinese as A Second Language (CSL)
Authors: Mingjia Cai , Xian Liao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWord recognition is a fundamental reading skill that relies on various linguistic and cognitive abilities. While executive functions (EF) have gained attention for their importance in developing literacy skills, their interaction with domain-specific skills in facilitating reading among different learner groups remains understudied. This study examines the relationship between EF, orthographic awareness, morphological awareness, and Chinese word recognition in 204 Chinese as a second language (CSL) students and 419 native Chinese primary students. Our findings reveal that EF indirectly influences word recognition through orthographic awareness, but not through morphological awareness. The result of group comparison indicates that direct and indirect effects of EF on word recognition are evident in both native and CSL groups. Nevertheless, EF plays a more prominent role in CSL learners. These results contribute to our understanding of cognitive skills in reading and offer significant implications for instructional practices.
A systematic review of the blockchain application in healthcare research domain: toward a unified conceptual model
Authors: Cihan Seyma , Yılmaz Nebi , Ozsoy Adnan , Beyan Oya Deniz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecently, research on blockchain applications in the healthcare research domain has attracted increasing attention due to its strong potential. However, the existing literature reveals limited studies on defining use cases of blockchain in clinical research, categorizing and comparing available studies. Therefore, this study aims to explore the significant potential and use cases of blockchain in clinical research through a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR). To thoroughly investigate all aspects of the subject, we analyzed primary studies based on research questions (RQs) and developed a unified conceptual model using step-based model creation. Studies from 2015 to 2023 were reviewed, and 34 primary studies were comprehensively analyzed by using the PICO template. In our findings, privacy emerged as the most frequently cited requirement in clinical research. The most mentioned use cases for blockchain are ensuring data immutability and security. A significant issue identified beyond the common blockchain limitations of capacity and scalability is the lack of standards for compliance with legal frameworks like GDPR and HIPAA. After all these efforts, we developed a conceptual model, which, to our best knowledge, is the first in the literature to support software developers and clinical researchers in developing and using blockchain-based research platforms efficiently.
Graphical abstract
Case report. Het sarcomatoïde carcinoom van de ureter
Authors: Tijans Aline M. , Bakker Dirk , Stomps Saskia P. , Vink Robert , Duijn Matthijs 
Published: January 2025

SamenvattingHet sarcomatoïde carcinoom van de ureter is een uiterst zeldzame en zeer agressieve maligniteit van de urinewegen. In de literatuur is deze aandoening slechts sporadisch beschreven. Hierdoor ontbreken specifieke richtlijnen voor de bepaling van een behandelstrategie. Primaire behandeling lijkt te berusten op radicale chirurgische excisie. Wij presenteren een casus van een 73-jarige man met een sarcomatoïde carcinoom uitgaande van de linker ureter, waarbij zowel chondro- als osteosarcoomcomponenten aanwezig zijn.
Dynamic analysis of water-rich heavy haul railway tunnels considering basement defects evolution and train effects
Authors: Peng Zhu , Shi Chenghua , Zhu Zixu , Xu Lei , Liu Cong , Lei Mingfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the rapid development of heavy haul railway transportation technology, tunnel foundation defects and their effects on structural performance have attracted wide attention. This paper systematically investigates the evolution mechanism of tunnel foundation defects in heavy haul railway tunnels and their impact on structural stiffness degradation through experiments and numerical simulations. A heavy haul train–ballasted track–tunnel basement–surround rock dynamic interaction model (TTTR model) is constructed. Firstly, the study reveals the four-stage evolution process of initial defects in the tunnel basement under complex environmental conditions. Experiments were conducted to measure the load-bearing capacity and stiffness degradation of the tunnel basement structure under different defect states. It is found that foundation defects, especially under the coupling of loose fill in the basement with the water-rich environment of the surrounding rock, significantly reduce the stiffness of the tunnel bottom structure and increase the risk of structural damage. Then, based on refined simulation of wheel–rail interaction and multi-scale coupled modeling technology, the TTTR dynamic interaction model was successfully constructed, and its validity was proven through numerical validation. A time-varying coupling technique of constrained boundary substructures (CBS technique) was adopted, significantly improving computational efficiency while ensuring calculation accuracy. The study also analyzes the effects of different degrees of void defects on the dynamic behavior of the train and the dynamic characteristics of the tunnel structure. It finds that foundation defects have a significant impact on the train’s operational state, track vibration displacement, and vibration stress of the tunnel lining structure, especially under the coupling effect of basement voids and the water-rich environment, which has the greatest impact. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the maintenance and reinforcement of tunnel foundation structures.
Full-scale performances of the slab track subgrade filled with basalt fiber-reinforced foamed concrete
Authors: Huang Zhichao , Su Qian , Zhao Wenhui , Zhang Zongyu , Huang Junjie , Kaewunruen Sakdirat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFoamed concrete has been used to address the issue of differential settlement in high-speed railway subgrades in China. However, to enhance crack resistance, reinforcement is still necessary, and further research is required to better understand the performance of foamed concrete in subgrade applications. To this end, a series of tests—including uniaxial compressive and dynamic triaxial tests—were conducted to comprehensively examine the effects of basalt fiber reinforcement on the mechanical properties of foamed concrete with densities of 700 and 1000 kg/m3. Additionally, a full-scale model of the foamed concrete subgrade was established, and simulated loading was applied. The diffusion patterns of dynamic stress and dynamic acceleration within the subgrade were explored, leading to the development of experimental formulas to calculate the attenuation coefficients of these two parameters along the depth and width of the subgrade. Furthermore, the dynamic displacement and cumulative settlement were analyzed to evaluate the stability of the subgrade. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and construction of foamed concrete subgrades in high-speed rail systems. The outcomes are currently under consideration for inclusion in the code of practice for high-speed rail restoration.
Comparison of GFR estimation in patients with diabetes mellitus using the EKFC and CKD-EPI equations
Authors: Eisinger Felix , Neumann Mareike , Wörn Matthias , Fritsche Andreas , Heyne Nils , Peter Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , von Schwartzenberg Reiner Jumpertz , Artunc Ferruh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The estimation of glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is essential in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. We herein compare the performance of common eGFR formulas against a gold standard measurement of GFR in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods
GFR was measured in 93 patients with diabetes mellitus using iohexol clearance as the reference standard. The performance of the creatinine- and cystatin C-based EKFC formulas (2021, 2023) and the CKD-EPI formulas (2009, 2012) was compared against measured GFR.

Results
Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 33 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were included. The creatinine-based EKFC formula showed lower bias and higher accuracy than the CKD-EPI formula. No significant difference was observed between the cystatin C-based formulas. The combined creatinine- and cystatin C-based formulas had the highest accuracy and lowest bias. Body fat or diabetes type did not significantly influence the accuracy of the cystatin C-based formulas.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated a slight advantage of the creatinine-based EKFC formula over the CKD-EPI formula in patients with diabetes. However, both for the CKD-EPI and the EKFC formula, the best performance was achieved by the combined creatinine- and cystatin C-based formulas.

Graphical abstract
Entgrenzte Wehrhaftigkeit? Der deutsche Anti-Terror-Diskurs und die Bundestagsdebatten zum Umgang mit der „Letzten Generation“
Authors: Stephanblome Isabelle 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht weniger den politischen Umgang mit dem Islamismus selbst, sondern dessen breitere Auswirkungen auf den (sicherheits-)politischen Diskurs in Deutschland. Anhand der Bundestagsdebatte zum Umgang mit der „Letzten Generation“ wird nachgezeichnet, wie (Un)Sicherheitsnarrative, die über die letzten zwei Jahrzehnte mit dem (islamistischen) Terrorismus verbunden waren, in andere Themenfelder übernommen worden sind. Er nimmt die Beobachtung einer ‚diskursiven Schieflage‘ in der aktuellen gesellschaftspolitischen Debatte zum Ausgangspunkt und untersucht, wo und wie sich im Diskurs über die „Letzte Generation“ narrative Parallelen zum „Kampf gegen den Terrorismus“ zeigen. Hierzu werden Erkenntnisse zum deutschen Anti-Terror-Diskurs zusammengetragen und mit einer Narrativanalyse der bundespolitischen Debatte über die „Letzte Generation“ in Beziehung gesetzt. Es zeigt sich eine Übertragung von Erzählmustern, die ursprünglich aus der Terrorismusbekämpfung stammen, und wie versucht wird, deren etablierte legitimatorische Kraft nun in einem anderen Kontext politisch nutzbar zu machen.
A Five-Year Analysis of Market Share and Sales Growth for Original Drugs after Patent Expiration in Korea
Authors: Bae Minyoung , Shim Sung Ryul , Yang Dong-Wook , Son Kyung-Bok , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction
The sales patterns of original drugs after patent expiration in Korea show a relatively high market share and continuous sales growth differently from those in the U.S. and European countries. This study aims to investigates a five-year sales pattern of original drugs after patent expiration in Korea using empirical data.

Methods
Using data from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, original drugs whose patents expired in 2012–2018 were extracted. And we used IQVIA data to determine the market share and sales growth rate of 48 original drugs, whose generic drug launched for the first time in the same molecule market, and whose sales data over five years after first generic entry were available. We analyzed the differences by the attribute of variables.

Results
The sales volume of original drugs in the fifth year (Q 20) had an average growth rate of 150.6% compared with that before the first generic drug launched, indicating a continuous growth. The average market share of original drugs in the fifth year (Q 20) decreased to 70.6%, but it was higher than previously reported research results in Korea and other countries. Differences were observed across the category of attribute.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that while market share of original drugs is decreasing, the sales volume increased continuously until the fifth year, differently from those of other countries. Variations in sales patterns by attributes reflect unique dynamics in Korea.
GENERALIZED TOWER SPECTRA
Authors: FISCHER VERA , HORVATH SILVAN 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the tower spectrum in the generalized Baire space, i.e., the set of lengths of towers in

$\kappa ^\kappa $

. We show that both small and large tower spectra at all regular cardinals simultaneously are consistent. Furthermore, based on previous work by Bağ, the first author and Friedman, we prove that globally, a small tower spectrum is consistent with an arbitrarily large spectrum of maximal almost disjoint families. Finally, we show that any non-trivial upper bound on the tower spectrum in

$\kappa ^\kappa $

is consistent.
Motherese Directed at Prelinguistic Infants at Risk for Neurological Disorders: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Räsänen Okko , Airaksinen Manu , Marchi Viviana , Chorna Olena , Guzzetta Andrea , Festante Fabrizia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To investigate how a high risk for infant neurological impairment affects the quality of infant verbal interactions, and in particular properties of infant-directed speech, spontaneous interactions between 14 mothers and their 4.5-month-old infants at high risk for neurological disorders (7 female) were recorded and acoustically compared with those of 14 dyads with typically developing infants (8 female). Mothers of at-risk infants had proportionally less voicing, and the proportion of voicing decreased with increasing severity of the infants’ long-term outcome. Follow-up analysis based on manual annotation of phonation style revealed breathy phonation as more common toward infants with more severe long-term outcomes (N=7; 44.7% of speech) than controls (N=14; 22.0%; p=0.005) or at-risk infants with typical or mildly abnormal long-term outcomes (N=7; 16.5%; p=0.002). The results indicate that maternal phonation style during early dyadic interactions is affected by the infant’s neurological condition.
More than just a happy talk? Evidence for functional pitch and utterance length modifications in infant-, spouse-, and dog-directed communication
Authors: Koós-Hutás Édua , Afrin Shanjida , Kovács Alexandra Barbara , Faragó Tamás , Filep Lőrinc András , Topál József , Gergely Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
By comparing infant-directed speech to spouse- and dog-directed talk, we aimed to investigate how pitch and utterance length are modulated by speakers considering the speech context and the partner’s expected needs and capabilities. We found that mean pitch was modulated in line with the partner’s attentional needs, while pitch range and utterance length were modulated according to the partner’s expected linguistic competence. In a situation with a nursery rhyme, speakers used the highest pitch and widest pitch range with all partners suggesting that infant-directed context greatly influences these acoustic features. Recent findings showed that these speakers expressed more intense positive emotions towards their infants and spouses than towards their dogs. Our results revealed different patterns, leading us to conclude that these acoustic features are not simple by-products of emotional speech. Instead, they are dynamically and functionally used in accordance with the speech context and the audience’s expected needs and capabilities.
Sex Differences in Attention Improvements Across Two Clinical Trials of AKL-T01, A Novel Digital Therapeutic for Inattentive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Authors: Savarese Antonia , Maple Amanda M. , Stamatis Caitlin A. , Mercaldi Catherine , Hinshaw Stephen , Kollins Scott H. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in girls. One important contributor is the predominance of inattentive symptoms in girls relative to boys. Though less “visible,” inattentive symptoms represent a key driver of impairment, often persisting into adulthood. EndeavorRx (AKL-T01) is a game-based, FDA-authorized digital therapeutic directly targeting inattention. This analysis sought to examine potential sex differences in the efficacy of AKL-T01.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of clinical outcomes by sex in 326 children and adolescents from two trials of AKL-T01 (n1 = 180 children; 30.6% female, M age = 9.71; n2 = 146 adolescents; 41.1% female, M age = 14.34). All participants had high inattention per a baseline score ≤ -1.8 on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a computerized, FDA-cleared continuous performance task objectively measuring attention. Participants used AKL-T01 for 25 minutes/day over 4 weeks. Primary outcomes included change in attention on the TOVA Attention Comparison Score (ACS) and sub-metrics, and change in symptoms on clinician-rated ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). To evaluate study hypotheses, we conducted a series of t-tests of TOVA and ADHD-RS change scores by sex.ResultsAcross the pooled sample, girls using AKL-T01 demonstrated significantly greater improvements in attention on the TOVA ACS (MΔ = 2.44) compared to boys (MΔ = 1.32; t[211.77]) = 2.62, d = .31, p = .009), as well as TOVA reaction time standard score (girls’ MΔ = 13.22; boys’ MΔ = 3.54; t[229.12] = 3.93, d = .46, p <.001). We did not observe sex differences in the 2 other TOVA sub-metrics, nor in ADHD-RS (ps >.05). There were sex differences in compliance (t[207.99] = 2.17, d = .26, p = .031), with girls completing more sessions on average (M = 90.22) compared to boys (M = 80.19).ConclusionsResults suggest that AKL-T01 may be associated with particularly strong improvements to attentional functioning in girls relative to boys. That there were no significant sex differences in ADHD symptom change over the course of treatment in either sex underscores the specificity of these effects to inattention processes rather than broad ADHD symptoms. Limitations include categorization based on binary sex, which may not capture nuances of gender identity.FundingAkili Interactive
Centanafadine Sustained Release Is Efficacious in the Treatment of Adult ADHD Across Disease Severities
Authors: Cutler Andrew J , Zhang Alan , Ward Caroline , McDonough Jessica , Mattingly Greg W 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionCentanafadine (CTN) is a potential first-in-class norepinephrine/dopamine/serotonin triple reuptake inhibitor (NDSRI). The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of CTN sustained release (SR) for adults with ADHD was demonstrated in 2 pivotal phase 3 trials (Adler LA, et al. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022;42:429-39).MethodsAdults (18–55 years) meeting DSM-5 criteria for ADHD enrolled in these double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trials and randomized to treatment if ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) score was ≥28 at screening (if not receiving pharmacologic treatment for ADHD) or ≥22 at screening and ≥28 at baseline (BL) (if receiving treatment). Having had no prior benefit from ≥2 ADHD therapies of 2 different classes, taking prohibited medications, and positive alcohol/drug screen were exclusionary. Trials had 4 periods: (1) screening and washout (≤28 days), (2) single-blind placebo run-in (1 week), (3) double-blind treatment (6 weeks), and (4) follow-up (10 days after last dose). Patients with ≥30% improvement in the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS) from start to end of screening were screen failures; those with ≥30% ASRS improvement from start to end of placebo run-in were terminated early. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to twice-daily CTN SR (200 or 400 mg total daily dose [TDD]) or matching placebo. The 200 mg/d group received CTN SR 200 mg TDD from days 1–42; the 400 mg/d group received 200 mg TDD on days 1–7, and increased to 400 mg TDD on day 8. This analysis assessed CTN SR effects based on median BL AISRS severity score (<38 or ≥38) using a mixed model for repeated measures analysis. Least squares mean (LSM) differences (95% CI) from BL at day 42 were compared between individual CTN SR dose groups and placebo, tested at a 2-sided significance level of 0.05.ResultsIn total, 859 patients were randomized (200 mg TDD, n=287; 400 mg TDD, n=287; placebo, n=285). Significant LSM differences on the AISRS were observed vs placebo in the overall population (200 mg TDD and 400 mg TDD, P<0.0001 for each), in the low BL severity (200 mg TDD [P=0.016]; 400 mg TDD [P=0.019]), and in the high BL severity (200 mg TDD [P=0.005]; 400 mg TDD [P=0.003]) populations at day 42. Significant LSM differences vs placebo (P<0.01) began at day 7 (200 mg) and day 14 (400 mg) overall, remaining significant to day 42. Significant LSM differences were observed vs placebo (P<0.05) from day 14 (400 mg TDD) and day 21 (200 mg) in the low severity populations, and from day 21 (400 mg TDD) and day 7 (200 mg TDD) in the high severity population, remaining significant (P<0.05) to day 42.ConclusionsCTN SR, a potential first-in-class NDSRI, is efficacious for patients with adult ADHD of low or high BL symptom severity, with significant improvements observed vs placebo within the first 3 weeks.Study Registration: NCT03605680, NCT03605836FundingOtsuka