bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids for the treatment of respiratory infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: A cost‐utility analysis
Authors: Buendía Jefferson A. , Patiño Diana Guerrero 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroids in community‐acquired pneumonia in children. More economic evaluations incorporating the new evidence and in the pediatric population are needed to know the efficiency of this treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cost utility of the use of corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia.MethodsA decision tree model was used to estimate the cost and quality adjusted life years (QALY) associated with cost‐effectiveness as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsThe QALYs per person estimated in the model for those treatments were 0.92 with corticosteroids plus antibiotics and 0.91 with antibiotics. The total costs per person were US$965 for corticosteroids plus antibiotics and US$1271 for antibiotics. This position of absolute dominance of corticosteroids plus antibiotics over antibiotics makes it unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.ConclusionCorticosteroids are cost‐effective as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Our evidence should motivate the evaluation of this treatment in other countries.
The average effectiveness of local migration exchanges
Authors: Rogerson Peter A. , Bagchi‐Sen Sharmistha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe develop a measure of the average effectiveness of migration exchanges with destinations, for local origins. We also decompose this new measure into components summarising the average effectiveness of a region's exchanges with places for which it has net out‐migration, and places for which it has net in‐migration. This makes it possible to define regions that are effective exchangers, balanced exchangers, effective gainers, or effective losers, with respect to their migration exchange patterns. This is discussed in the context of the measure's ability to add insights to migration theory. In addition, we provide an application of the approach to intercounty migration for counties in New York State.
A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model for tuberculosis drug disposition at extrapulmonary sites
Authors: Ramachandran Aparna , Gadgil Chetan J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality attributed to an infectious agent. TB primarily targets the lungs, but in about 16% cases can affect other organs as well, giving rise to extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). However, an optimal regimen for EPTB treatment is not defined. Although the recommended treatment for most forms of EPTB is the same as pulmonary TB, the pharmacokinetics of EPTB therapy are not as well studied. To address this gap, we formulate a whole‐body physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for EPTB that for the first time includes the ability to simulate drug concentrations in the pleura and lymph node, the most commonly affected sites of EPTB. Using this model, we estimate the time‐dependent concentrations, at potential EPTB infection sites, of the following four first‐line anti‐TB drugs: rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. We use reported plasma concentration kinetics data to estimate model parameters for each drug and validate our model using reported concentration data not used for model formulation or parameter estimation. Model predictions match the validation data, and reported pharmacokinetic parameters (maximum plasma concentration, time to reach maximum concentration) for the drugs. The model also predicts ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide concentrations in the pleura that match reported experimental values from an independent study. For each drug, the predicted drug concentrations at EPTB sites are compared with their critical concentration. Simulations suggest that although rifampicin and isoniazid concentrations are greater than critical concentration values at most EPTB sites, the concentrations of ethambutol and pyrazinamide are lower than their critical concentrations at most EPTB sites.
Distributed Nash equilibrium seeking strategies via bilateral bounded gradient approach
Authors: Yuwen Cheng , Zhen Ziyang , Liu Shuai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates distributed Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking problems. A bilateral bounded gradient approach, a novel optimization algorithm, is utilized to solve strongly convex problems. Furthermore, for a strongly monotone game, the NE can be obtained in finite time by the bilateral bounded gradient algorithm. In the distributed manner, two types of algorithms are proposed for seeking the NE: consensus‐based strategy and passivity‐based strategy. For each player, nonlinear protocols are proposed to estimate the actions of their rivals, enabling these estimations to converge to the actual actions in fixed time. To solve the optimization problem, the bilateral bounded gradient algorithm is employed, ensuring that all players' actions converge to the NE in finite time. Moreover, to reduce the communication consumption, event‐triggered schemes are introduced in the information exchange of players. Finally, swarm roundup behavior is analyzed by a non‐cooperative game in which the proposed algorithms drive all tanks to hunt the target in finite time. The roundup effectiveness is verified by the simulations.
Security event‐triggered control for uncertain NCSs against multi‐channel optimal jamming attacks
Authors: Geng Qing , Ma Haobin , Li Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article proposes an event‐triggering mechanism (ETM)‐based security control strategy for an uncertain networked control system (NCS) to cope with jamming attacks on multiple transmission channels. A structure of the system control block for the attacked uncertain NCS is constructed and a virtual system is designed to cope with the mismatched parametric uncertainty and derive both the optimal control gain and the virtual control gain. Under multiple wireless channels jamming attack, an optimal jamming attack strategy that maximizes the attack power from the attacker's point of view is engineered. Furthermore, an ETM‐based control strategy with jamming parameters is designed to ensure the input‐to‐state stability of NCS under uncertainty and jamming attacks. Finally, the numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the control algorithm in this article.
Efficacy of machine learning image classification for automated occupancy‐based monitoring
Authors: Lonsinger Robert C. , Dart Marlin M. , Larsen Randy T. , Knight Robert N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRemote cameras have become a widespread data‐collection tool for terrestrial mammals, but classifying images can be labor intensive and limit the usefulness of cameras for broad‐scale population monitoring. Machine learning algorithms for automated image classification can expedite data processing, but image misclassifications may influence inferences. Here, we used camera data for three sympatric species with disparate body sizes and life histories – black‐tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis), and pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) – as a model system to evaluate the influence of competing image classification approaches on estimates of occupancy and inferences about space use. We classified images with: (i) single review (manual), (ii) double review (manual by two observers), (iii) an automated‐manual review (machine learning to cull empty images and single review of remaining images), (iv) a pretrained machine‐learning algorithm that classifies images to species (base model), (v) the base model accepting only classifications with ≥95% confidence, (vi) the base model trained with regional images (trained model), and (vii) the trained model accepting only classifications with ≥95% confidence. We compared species‐specific results from alternative approaches to results from double review, which reduces the potential for misclassifications and was assumed to be the best approximation of truth. Despite high classification success, species‐level misclassification rates for the base and trained models were sufficiently high to produce erroneous occupancy estimates and inferences related to space use across species. Increasing the confidence thresholds for image classification to 95% did not consistently improve performance. Classifying images as empty (or not) offered a reasonable approach to reduce effort (by 97.7%) and facilitated a semi‐automated workflow that produced reliable estimates and inferences. Thus, camera‐based monitoring combined with machine learning algorithms for image classification could facilitate monitoring with limited manual image classification.
Soil microorganisms respond distinctively to adaptive multi‐paddock and conventional grazing in the southeastern United States
Authors: White Laura J. , Yeater Kathleen M. , Lehman Richard Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVariable results from studies of the associations between grazing management and soil microbiological properties in grasslands suggest the need for further investigation. We assessed the response of soil microbiological properties to conventional and adaptive multi‐paddock (AMP) grazing management practices at paired farms at five locations in the southeastern United States. We measured total DNA and abundances of fungi and bacteria by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as proxies for soil microbial biomass, potential carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling activities using qPCR of functional genes, and carbon mineralization activities by respiratory assays. Abundances of fungi (p = 0.009) and bacteria (p = 0.001) were greater under AMP management compared to conventional management; however, there was no difference in the fungal/bacterial ratios between management practices. Gene copies encoding for nitrification, denitrification, and phosphate hydrolysis were significantly greater (p < 0.05) under AMP compared to conventional management. Basal soil respiration was elevated (p = 0.004) under AMP compared to conventional management presumptively due to the greater abundance of microbes that were actively transforming plant exudates and residues. In contrast, labile carbon limitation of respiratory activities was greater (p ≤ 0.01) under conventional compared to AMP management indicating decreased processing of soil carbon and formation of microbial biomass. Using discriminant function analysis, the 19 biological response variables successfully classified 94% of the 180 soil samples according to grazing management. In summary, AMP grazing management influenced the numbers and key activities of soil microbes in a distinctive manner that is associated with the retention of soil organic carbon and nitrogen reported in these grazed grasslands.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Performance of Modified Keggin‐type Calix[6]arene‐like Polyoxometalates
Authors: Zhang Taiwen , Guo Jun , Zhang Yiju , Zhang Dan , Lu Lin , Qiu Shuangyan , Zhong Jiangqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo modified Calix[6]arene‐like polyoxometalates of the Keggin type with similar structures were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by H3PMo12O40. H3PW12O40, 4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐amine (3‐atrz) and copper ions were used as precursors, respectively, bridging organic ligand and transition metals. The result of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and elemental analysis showed that the structural formulas of the two crystalline compounds were: [2(C6H12N12Cu3PW12O40)] (3‐atrz‐Cu‐PW12), and [2(C6H12N12Cu3PMo12O40)] ⋅ 0.5H2O (3‐atrz‐Cu‐PMo12). They were composed of two classic Keggin‐type polyoxometalate anions and six [Cu(C2H4N4)]+ coordination polymers similar to Calix[6]arene. The catalytic studies represented that the two heterogeneous catalysts catalyzed the oxidation of iodide ions in hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic reaction of 3‐atrz‐Cu‐PW12 only took 30 min and 15 s to complete the reaction. The rate of iodine generation was 6.86×10−7 mol L−1 s−1. The 3‐atrz‐Cu‐PMo12 catalytic reaction needed only 1 min and 51 s, in which the rate of iodine generation was 1.126×10−5 mol L−1 s−1. The catalytic reaction rate of 3‐atrz‐Cu‐PMo12 was 16.35 times higher than 3‐atrz‐Cu‐PW12. Both catalysts were reused nine times, and the conversion rate was still 99.96 %, showing excellent catalytic activity and repeatability.
Mn(II)‐ and Zn(II)‐ Based Nanocomposites Metallopolymer for Corrosion Protective Coatings
Authors: Alam Manawwer , Ghosal Anujit , Zafar Fahmina , Ahmed Mukhtar , Altaf Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transition from conventional polymeric material to green and sustainable, environment‐friendly biomaterials has been actively explored. The objective of the work involves the formulation of an oleo‐polymer (corn oil, CO), hybridization with metallic ions (Zn2+ and Mn2+) through coordination bonding, study of the impact of fully/half‐filled d‐orbitals, and development of eco‐friendly polymeric coating material. The formation of the nanoclusters (10–20 nm) within the polymeric matrix was estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis supports the predicted chemical mechanism involved during poly‐urethanation of the metal‐containing CO fatty amides. Interestingly, opposite to our expectations the metal ions with fully filled d‐orbital (Zn2+) showed relatively (Mn2+) better thermal and anti‐corrosion properties. The good adhesive strength of metallopolymers and the impact of the d‐orbital electrons on the corrosion protective performance, which was by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). These nanocomposite coatings could be a suitable alternatives to petrochemical‐based polymers.
Substituted 1‐Azaphenothiazines and Their 10‐(2′‐Morpholinylethyl) Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Evaluation
Authors: Sharma Himshikha , Gupta Archana , Kumari Reshma , Low May Lee , Lim Wie Meng , Milton Marilyn Daisy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA series of substituted 1‐azaphenothiazine was synthesized by Smiles rearrangement and was further used to synthesize 10‐(2′‐morpholinylethyl) derivatives. All compounds were characterized by various specroscopic techniques. One derivative from each series was also characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) method. Compounds of both series were screened for their anticancer activity toward colon (CaCO2, SW48), lung (A549), pancreatic (SW1990) and human breast (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7) cancer cell lines. 10‐(2′‐Morpholinylethyl)‐1‐azaphenothiazine derivatives were found to be more potent than that of 1‐azaphenothiazine derivatives toward anticancer activities. Among all compounds, one of the morpholinylethyl derivative which is substituted with chlorine at 3‐position of pyridine ring, exhibits better selectivity toward both colon cancer (SW48) and breast cancer cells (MCF7).
Strained Small Nitrogen Heterocycles‐Azabicyclobutanes and Azirines
Authors: Rágyanszki Anita , Fiser Béla , Lee‐Ruff Edward , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall ring nitrogen heterocycles, azabicyclobutanes and azirines, were investigated by computational methods in order to address the discrepancy between their regioisomers 1‐ and 2‐azabicyclobutane and 1H‐ and 2H‐azirines. Both 1‐azabicyclobutane and 2H‐azirine are well known synthetic starting points to larger nitrogen heterocycles whereas 2‐azabicyclobutane and 1H‐azirine and their derivatives have yet to be reported as isolable compounds. Calculated parameters such as structure, base strength (proton affinities), NICS values and enthalpies of formation from which strain energies are derived are reported. The destabilization of the less stable regioisomers is attributed to homoantiaromaticity in 2‐azabicyclobutane and antiaromaticity in 1H‐azirine. Two stereoisomers exist for 2‐azabicyclobutane with the endo‐ stereoisomer being more stable. This phenomenon is indicative of the hydrogen bond acceptor properties of the neighboring cyclpropane and the π‐bond character of the central bond in 2‐azabicyclobutane.
Hydrophobic Tetracycline Immobilized in Fibrous Hyaluronan Regulates Adhesive Collagen‐Based Hydrogel Stability for Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Zou Yaping , Zhou Chen , Li Zhulian , Han Xiaowen , Tong Lei , Liu TangJinhai , Xiong Li , Bai Lang , Liang Jie , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong , Sun Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCollagen‐based hydrogels have a significant impact on wound healing, but they suffer from structural instability and bacterial invasion in infected wounds. Here, electrospun nanofibers of esterified hyaluronan (HA‐Bn/T) are developed to immobilize the hydrophobic antibacterial drug tetracycline by π–π stacking interaction. Dopamine‐modified hyaluronan and HA‐Bn/T are employed simultaneously to stabilize the structure of collagen‐based hydrogel by chemically interweaving the collagen fibril network and decreasing the rate of collagen degradation. This renders it injectable for in situ gelation, with suitable skin adhesion properties and long‐lasting drug release capability. This hybridized interwoven hydrogel promotes the proliferation and migration of L929 cells and vascularization in vitro. It presents satisfactory antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The structure also retains the functional protein environment provided by collagen fiber, inhibits the bacterial environment of infected wounds, and modulates local inflammation, resulting in neovascularization, collagen deposition, and partial follicular regeneration. This strategy offers a new solution for infected wound healing.
Auslegungsmethode zum Kleben höchstfester Stahlwerkstoffe im Landmaschinenbau
Authors: Göddecke Johannes , Göhrs Tim , Meschut Gerson , Große Gehling Manfred 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn Konstruktionen des Landmaschinenbaus aus dickeren Blechen (ca. 3–10 mm) findet die Klebtechnik bislang nur wenig Anwendung, obwohl sie in anderen Einsatzgebieten bereits ein etabliertes Fügeverfahren darstellt und viele Vorteile gegenüber anderen Fügeverfahren bietet, da es bisher an Regelwerken bei der Auslegung derartiger Verbindungen fehlt. Ein wesentliches Kriterium bei der Auslegung von Verbindungen im Landmaschinenbau ist die Ermüdungsfestigkeit aufgrund der langen Nutzungsphase der Produkte und der in der Landtechnik vorherrschenden Belastungscharakteristika. Geklebte Verbindungen weisen ein hervorragendes Verhalten bei zyklischer Belastung auf. Die steigenden Anforderungen im Hinblick auf Ressourceneffizienz und Leichtbau führen zu einem Umdenken, da durch den vermehrten Einsatz höherfester Stahlwerkstoffe in Kombination mit der Klebtechnik dieses als umsetzbar erscheint. Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Auslegung geklebter Verbindungen in Konstruktionen mit höherfesten Stahlwerkstoffen in Anlehnung an die FKM‐Richtlinie. Die betriebsrelevanten Beanspruchungen der Landtechnik werden analysiert und an speziellen Probekörpern untersucht. Dabei werden sowohl die mechanischen, thermischen und medialen Einflussfaktoren als auch der Einfluss der Klebfugengeometrie und von Betriebslastenkollektiven untersucht. Die Erkenntnisse werden in einer KMU‐relevanten Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung von Abminderungsfaktoren zusammengefasst, wodurch die Auslegung der Bauteilfestigkeit sowohl statisch als auch dynamisch möglich ist.
Fake supersymmetry with tadpole potentials
Authors: Raucci Salvatore 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study tadpole potentials of non-supersymmetric strings, resorting to a first-order formalism known in the literature as fake supersymmetry. We present a detailed analysis for vacua with only gravity and the dilaton, displaying the obstructions that forbid the simplest inclusion of form fluxes. Our focus is on codimension-one vacua, for which we propose a definition of energy that might be suitable for stability arguments. Our findings point to the central role of boundary conditions when supersymmetry is absent or broken.
Influence of the parameters of a minimum quantity lubrication system on micro milling process results
Authors: Kieren-Ehses Sonja , Mayer Tobias , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicro end mills are characterized by high abrasive wear. To counteract this high abrasive wear, metalworking fluids can be applied. There are various methods to supply these fluids. One of these methods is the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of the supply direction and air pressure of a MQL system on the process result when micro milling. Micro milling tests were carried out using micro end mills made of cemented carbide with an effective diameter of 50 $$\upmu \text {m}$$

μ
m

. When machining commercially pure titanium, the supply direction was varied at four levels relative to the feed direction (0$${}^{\circ }$$

∘

, 90$${}^{\circ }$$

∘

, 180$${}^{\circ }$$

∘

and 270$${}^{\circ }$$

∘

) and the air pressure at three levels (0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa and 0.3 MPa). At each air pressure, the spindle speed was varied at three levels (30,000 rpm, 60,000 rpm, 120,000 rpm). Tool wear, surface quality, burr formation, and manufacturing accuracy were analyzed. In terms of the supply direction, the best results were obtained with a supply direction of 180$${}^{\circ }$$

∘

(in feed direction) — the lowest roughness and the most uniform slot bottom structure were machined. Regarding the influence of the supply direction on tool wear and manufacturing accuracy, no significant differences could be found. With regard to the air pressure, no clear result could be achieved. The influence of the spindle speed on the process results was higher than the influence of the air pressure. However, it is possible to select a suitable air pressure depending on the spindle speed.