bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Characteristics of Boundary Layer Flows With Pressure Shielding
Authors: Yuan Chenguang , Xu Duo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, boundary layer flows over a flat plate with a canopy of an array of rods are experimentally investigated with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The experiments were carried out in a liquid tunnel, where the refractive index of the transparent liquid is matched with that of transparent rods in the array. The statistics of the velocity data at multiple planes show the change of the flow patterns produced by the rod array. The pressure field was calculated from the velocity data through solving the pressure Poisson equation. The power spectral density of the pressure fluctuations, quantifying the sound pressure level, shows that the rod array causes the attenuation of the pressure fluctuations both below and above the rod array. The characteristic flow patterns altered by the rod array were examined by the dynamic mode decomposition. The uncertainty of the measurements was discussed.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Bi-Metal High-Temperature Recuperator for Application in Concentrating Solar Power
Authors: Bryan Jacob A. , Meek Aiden S. , Wang Hailei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Supercritical CO2 closed Brayton cycles are a major candidate for future power cycle designs in concentrating solar power applications, with high-temperature recuperators playing an essential role in realizing their high thermal efficiency. Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) are often chosen for this role due to their thermal-hydraulic and mechanical performance at high temperatures and pressures, all while remaining compact. However, PCHEs can be costly because of the high-performance materials demanded in these applications, and the heat exchanger internal geometry is restricted by their manufacturing process. Additively manufactured heat exchangers can address both of these shortcomings. This work proposes a modular bi-metal high-temperature recuperator with integrated headers to be produced with additive manufacturing. Beginning with existing PCHE channel geometries, a 1D heat exchanger model is developed. Then, multi-objective optimization is used to maximize the heat transfer effectiveness of a lab-scale device while limiting its size. Two distinct channel geometries emerge from the optimization. Optimal designs achieve up to 88% effectiveness with negligible pressure drop. Deterioration of effectiveness due to axial conduction of heat in the heat exchanger walls is found to be a notable problem for lab-scale PCHEs, and the optimal designs obtained here minimize its detrimental effects. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the effectiveness of the recuperator is much less sensitive to variation in mass flowrate in off-design operation when axial conduction is significant, while increasing the length of the device easily increases effectiveness.
Computational Analysis, Three-Dimensional Simulation, and Optimization of Superfluid Stirling Cryocooler
Authors: Domenikos George-Rafael , Rogdakis Emmanouil , Koronaki Irene 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze a superfluid Stirling cryocooler using superfluid helium as the working medium. The idea behind this kind of cryocooler is to utilize two conjoined Stirling coolers with a phase difference as to achieve heat transfer between them and thus negate the need for a regenerator. The two cycles exchange heat at an exchanger, referred to as a recuperator, placed where the regenerator would be typically. This apparatus is simulated through a 1D model where the full equations of state for the superfluid are being used, opposed to the common simplifications when modeling superfluids. This model provides the expected results for the initial case of 180 deg phase difference between the engines, and then finds the optimal phase difference for the best coefficient of performance. A 3D model is designed in the ansys fluent software, and the superfluid data are used in the computational fluid dynamics calculation. Running different cases, the optimal phase difference for the 3D case was found and compared to the 1D model. Additionally, the cryocooler was simulated to work in different frequencies for finding its optimal speed and deriving the cooling power to frequency plot.
Exergoeconomic Analysis and Tri-Objective Optimization of the Allam Cycle Co-Fired by Biomass and Natural Gas
Authors: Chan Wen , Morosuk Tatiana , Li Xi , Li Huixiong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Allam cycle is known as an oxy-fuel gas-powered power cycle. A modified Allam cycle co-fired by biomass and natural gas is proposed in this paper, evaluated, and optimized. Detailed thermodynamic, economic, and exergoeconomic analyses are reported for the co-fired cycle. And parametric analysis and a tri-optimization are carried out to investigate the effects of cycle variables on the system performance. The results show that as the co-firing ratio increases from 20% to 100%, the exergetic efficiency and the levelized cost of electricity vary from 44.3% to 36.8% and 123.2 $/MWh to 164.4 $/MWh, respectively, while the specific negative CO2 emission increases from 44.5 kg/MWh to 251 kg/MWh. The results of tri-objective optimization reveal that the highest exergetic efficiency of 46.85%, lowest levelized cost of electricity of 99.57 $/MWh, and highest specific negative CO2 emission of 323.6 kg/MWh are obtained respectively at different optimal operation conditions.
Methane in Carbonate Melt Inclusions in the Rock-Forming Minerals of Calc-Silicate Rocks of the Kokchetav Massif
Authors: Mikhno A. O. , Vinogradova Yu. G. , Rashchenko S. V. , Korsakov A. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Secondary inclusions of the carbonate melt in garnets and clinopyroxenes from ultrahigh-pressure calc-silicate rocks were studied. Secondary carbonate inclusions are located in the healed cracks confined to large (100 µm–3 mm) primary carbonate inclusions in garnet. In some cases, the healed cracks form plates that intersect both garnet and inclusions of potassium-bearing clinopyroxene in garnet. The high content of K2O (0.64 wt %) in the healed cracks in clinopyroxene inclusions suggests that their formation and healing took place during the stage of ultrahigh pressures. Interpretation of the Raman spectra of the secondary inclusions of the carbonate melt in garnet and clinopyroxene confirmed the presence of the following phases: methane, graphite, calcite, dolomite, muscovite, and phlogopite. The data obtained allowed us to recognize the stage of ultrahigh pressure metamorphism in the calc–silicate rocks of the Kokchetav massif, during which methane accumulation in the carbonate melt took place, for the first time.
Experimental Justification of the Influence of S and Ni on Crystallization of Low-Nitrogen Diamonds in a Melt of Fe at High Pressure
Authors: Sonin V. M. , Zhimulev E. I. , Chepurov A. A. , Tomilenko A. A. , Chepurov A. I. , Pokhilenko N. P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Based on analysis of the results of the synthesis and growth of diamonds in metal-sulfide melts at a high pressure, the cause of the crystallization of low-nitrogen diamond crystals is substantiated. The introduction of sulfur into an iron melt leads to a decrease in the solubility of nitrogen, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the content of nitrogen atoms in the melt and the probability of their capture by growing diamond crystals in the form of a structural impurity. The addition of nickel reduces the melting point of the growth system, increases the amount of melt, and, accordingly, facilitates the dissociation of molecular nitrogen into separate atoms, which are captured as a structural impurity by diamonds during their growth.
Effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme for patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haugmark Trond , Hagen Kåre Birger , Provan Sella Aarrestad , Bærheim Elisebeth , Zangi Heidi A 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
People with fibromyalgia (FM) suffer from symptoms such as widespread pain, non-refreshing sleep, fatigue and reduced quality of life. Effects of pharmacological treatment are questionable and non-pharmacological treatments are recommended as first-line therapy. To date the majority of patients with FM in Norway are not offered any targeted treatment. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effects of a community-based multicomponent rehabilitation programme comprising an acceptance-based and mindfulness-based group intervention, the Vitality Training Programme (VTP), followed by tailored physical activity counselling.

Materials and methods
General practitioners refer potential participants to a rheumatologist in specialist healthcare for diagnostic clarification and assessment of comorbidities. Inclusion criteria are widespread pain/FM ≥3 months, age 20–50 and work participation (minimum part-time) within the last 2 years. The intervention group attends the VTP comprising 10 weekly 4 hour group sessions plus a booster session after 6 months. Thereafter, they receive 12 weeks of individually tailored physical exercise counselled by physiotherapists at community-based Healthy Life Centers. The control group follows treatment as usual. The primary outcome is Patient Global Impression of Change. Secondary outcomes include self-reported pain, fatigue and sleep quality, psychological distress, mindfulness, health-related quality of life, physical activity, work ability and exercise beliefs and habits. To achieve a power of 80% and allow for 10% dropout, 70 participants are needed in each arm. All analyses will be conducted on intention-to-treat bases and measured as differences between groups at 12 months follow-up.

Ethics and dissemination
The study is approved and granted by the Norwegian South-Eastern Regional Health Authority (reference 2016015). Ethics approval was obtained from Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (reference 2015/2447/REK sør-øst A). Results will be submitted to appropriate journals and presented in relevant conferences and social media.

Trial registration

NCT96836577.
Ultrasonography versus palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed Mohamed , Tolba Mohamed Ahmed , Ismail Olfat Mostafa , Messeha Medhat Mikhail 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionUltrasonography may facilitate neuraxial blocks in obstetrics. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare preprocedural ultrasonography with landmark palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.Methods280 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II–III parturients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2, full-term singleton pregnancy, undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned to two equal groups (ultrasonography and palpation); preprocedural systematic ultrasound approach and conventional landmark palpation were performed, respectively. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to the study group. All ultrasound and spinal anesthetic procedures were performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist. The primary outcome was the number of needle passes required to obtain free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Secondary outcomes were the number of skin punctures required to obtain free CSF flow, success rate at the first needle pass, success rate at the first skin puncture, duration of the spinal procedure, patient satisfaction and incidence of vascular puncture, paresthesia, failure to obtain CSF flow and failed spinal block.ResultsThere were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the two groups. The median (IQR) of the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow was 3 (1–7) in ultrasonography group and 3 (1–7) in palpation group; p=0.62.ConclusionsPreprocedural ultrasonography did not decrease the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow or improve other outcomes compared with landmark palpation during spinal anesthesia performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.Trial registration numberNCT03792191;https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03792191
Early Impact of Proton Beam Therapy on Electrophysiological Characteristics in a Porcine Model
Authors: Imamura Kimitake , Deisher Amanda J. , Dickow Jannis , Rettmann Maryam E. , Yasin Omar Z. , Pepin Mark D. , Hohmann Stephan , Konishi Hiroki , Suzuki Atsushi , Newman Laura K. , Sun Xiaojing , Kruse Jon J. , Merrell Kenneth W. , Herman Michael G. , Foote Robert L. , Packer Douglas L. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Particle therapy is a noninvasive, catheter-free modality for cardiac ablation. We previously demonstrated the efficacy for creating ablation lesions in the porcine heart. Despite several earlier studies, the exact mechanism of early biophysical effects of proton and photon beam delivery on the myocardium remain incompletely resolved.

Methods:
Ten normal and 9 infarcted in situ porcine hearts received proton beam irradiation (40 Gy) delivered to the left ventricular myocardium with follow-up for 8 weeks. High-resolution electroanatomical mapping of the left ventricular was performed at baseline and follow-up. Bipolar voltage amplitude, conduction velocity, and connexin-43 were determined within the irradiated and nonirradiated areas.

Results:

The irradiated area in normal hearts showed a significant reduction of bipolar voltage amplitude (10.1±4.9 mV versus 5.7±3.2,
P
<0.0001) and conduction velocity (85±26 versus 55±13 cm/s,
P
=0.03) beginning at 4 weeks after irradiation. In infarcted myocardium after irradiation, bipolar voltage amplitude of the infarct scar (2.0±2.9 versus 0.8±0.7 mV,
P
=0.008) was significantly reduced as well as the conduction velocity in the infarcted heart (43.7±15.7 versus 26.3±11.4 cm/s,
P
=0.02). There were no significant changes in bipolar voltage amplitude and conduction velocity in nonirradiated myocardium. Myocytolysis, capillary hyperplasia, and dilation were seen in the irradiated myocardium 8 weeks after irradiation. Active caspase-3 and reduction of connexin-43 expression began in irradiated myocardium 1 week after irradiation and decreased over 8 weeks.

Conclusions:
Irradiation of the myocardium with proton beams reduce connexin-43 expression, conduction velocity, and bipolar conducted electrogram amplitude in a large porcine model. The changes in biomarkers preceded electrophysiological changes after proton beam therapy.
Effects of Atrioventricular Optimization on Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Results of the SMART-CRT Trial
Authors: Gold Michael R. , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Leclercq Christophe , Lowy Jonathan , Rials Seth J. , Shoda Morio , Tomassoni Gery , Issa Ziad , Sarrazin Jean-Francois , Jennings John M. , Nair Devi G. , Wold Nicholas , Yong Patrick , Harbin Michelle M. , Stein Kenneth M. , Auricchio Angelo 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The role of atrioventricular optimization (AVO) to improve cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes remains controversial. Previous post hoc analyses of a multicenter trial showed that measures of electrical dyssynchrony (right ventricular–left ventricular [LV] or LV electrical delay durations) are associated with patients who benefit from AVO.

Methods:
This was a global, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial of de novo cardiac resynchronization therapy implant patients with an right ventricular–LV duration ≥70 ms to determine whether AVO results in greater reverse remodeling. Patients were randomized 1:1 for either an AVO algorithm (SmartDelay) that determines atrioventricular delay and pacing chamber, biventricular or LV only, or a fixed atrioventricular delay of 120 ms with biventricular pacing. Paired echocardiograms performed at baseline and 6 months were evaluated. The primary end point was echocardiographic cardiac resynchronization therapy response, defined dichotomously as a >15% reduction in LV end-systolic volume.

Results:

A total of 310 patients (n=120 women) were randomized and had completed 6 months of follow-up. The echocardiographic cardiac resynchronization therapy response rate did not statistically differ between the groups (SmartDelay, 74.8%; fixed, 67.7%;
P
=0.17). Analyses of prespecified secondary end points demonstrated significant improvements in the absolute (median: SmartDelay, −41.0 mL; fixed, −33.0 mL;
P
=0.01) and relative change in LV end-systolic volume (SmartDelay, −38.3%; fixed, −27.8%;
P
=0.03) for patients with SmartDelay optimization. Similar results were observed for the relative improvement in LV ejection fraction (SmartDelay, 46.7%; fixed, 32.1%;
P
=0.050); absolute improvement in LV ejection fraction trended to be higher with SmartDelay (
P
=0.06).

Conclusions:
Analysis of reverse remodeling parameters demonstrated that AVO via SmartDelay, relative to the nonoptimized fixed atrioventricular delay comparator group, improved absolute and relative changes in LV function in patients with longer right ventricular–LV duration.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03089281.
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Patients With Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: Ng Ayesha P. , Verma Arjun , Sanaiha Yas , Williamson Catherine G. , Afshar Yalda , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2023

Background
Guidelines for choice of prosthetic heart valve in people of reproductive age are not well established. Although biologic heart valves (BHVs) have risk of deterioration, mechanical heart valves (MHVs) require lifelong anticoagulation. This study aimed to characterize the association of prosthetic valve type with maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant patients.

Methods and Results
Using the 2008 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult patients hospitalized for delivery with prior heart valve implantation. Multivariable regressions were used to analyze the primary outcome, major adverse cardiovascular events, and secondary outcomes, including maternal and fetal complications, length of stay, and costs. Among 39 871 862 birth hospitalizations, 4152 had MHVs and 874 had BHVs. Age, comorbidities, and cesarean birth rates were similar between patients with MHVs and BHVs. The presence of a prosthetic valve was associated with over 22‐fold increase in likelihood of major adverse cardiovascular events (MHV: adjusted odds ratio, 22.1 [95% CI, 17.3–28.2]; BHV: adjusted odds ratio, 22.5 [95% CI, 13.9–36.5]) as well as increased duration of stay and hospitalization costs. However, patients with MHVs and BHVs had no significant difference in the odds of any maternal outcome, including major adverse cardiovascular events, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and ante/postpartum hemorrhage. Similarly, fetal complications were more likely in patients with valve prostheses, including a 4‐fold increase in odds of stillbirth, but remained comparable between MHVs and BHVs.

Conclusions
Patients hospitalized for delivery with prior valve replacement carry substantial risk of adverse maternal and fetal events, regardless of valve type. Our findings reveal comparable outcomes between MHVs and BHVs.
Posterior Covariance Information Criterion for Weighted Inference
Authors: Iba Yukito , Yano Keisuke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor predictive evaluation based on quasi-posterior distributions, we develop a new information criterion, the posterior covariance information criterion (PCIC). PCIC generalizes the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) so as to effectively handle predictive scenarios where likelihoods for the estimation and the evaluation of the model may be different. A typical example of such scenarios is the weighted likelihood inference, including prediction under covariate shift and counterfactual prediction. The proposed criterion uses a posterior covariance form and is computed by using only one Markov chain Monte Carlo run. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate how PCIC can apply in practice. Further, we show that PCIC is asymptotically unbiased to the quasi-Bayesian generalization error under mild conditions in weighted inference with both regular and singular statistical models.
Establishment of the Iranian Specialized Commercial Courts: A Pro-arbitration Stance?
Authors: Ghaffari Sima , Kashkouli Rasoul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Following the new approach of the Iranian Judiciary toward the Iranian Commercial Code and recent regulations, including the Guideline pertaining to the establishment of Commercial Courts, specialized commercial branches of Courts were established in Tehran in November 2020. These Commercial Courts are competent to hear, among other types of disputes, arbitration related disputes, both at the domestic and international level.
The role of courts, whether supportive or interventionist, covers matters occurring prior to the commencement of arbitration, during the arbitral proceedings and specifically, after rendering the final arbitral award. It is expected that the specialized commercial judges in these Courts will develop the jurisprudence on arbitration further. Using doctrinal analysis and reviewing some of the latest decisions rendered by these Courts (relating to domestic arbitration), this article explores the jurisdiction of the specialized Commercial Courts and the added value they might bring to the Iranian arbitration forum.
The present article comprises four sections. After recalling the background and jurisdiction of the new Commercial Courts in the first section, the second section will successively explain the potential role of the domestic courts within the arbitration landscape. The third section analyzes the recently published judgements of the Commercial Courts to see how they meet the globally accepted norms and standards in arbitration. The fourth and last section concludes the article which positions the newly established branches of the specialized Commercial Courts as a pro-arbitration stance in Iran. Overall, the article highlights the significance of establishing specialized branches of courts with the presence of judges who are aware of the fundamentals of arbitration in paving the way for Iran to be arbitration friendly.