bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of foreign capital inflows on domestic credit to the private sector in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Acheampong Kwame , Frimpong Albert Opoku , Arhin Kwadwo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effect of foreign capital inflow on domestic credit to the private sector in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Estimates based on the system‐generalized method of moments, Pooled Mean Group and fully modified OLS estimators using panel data on 33 SSA countries from 1996 to 2019 establish the following results. First, foreign direct investment (FDI) positively affects domestic credit in the short and long run. Second, the effect of official credit on domestic credit is negative in the short and long run. Third, the US Treasury Bill rate negatively relates to domestic credit to the private sector in the short and long run. Improving policies to enhance the favourable effect of FDI on domestic credit may reduce borrowing from official sources to eliminate its undesirable effect.
Nursing students' attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect: A cross‐sectional study in Turkey
Authors: Yalçın Gürsoy Melike , Mechmet Fatme Chousko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTopicNurses are uniquely positioned to provide early diagnoses and interventions for abused, neglected, or at‐risk children. They are also required, by law, to report suspected child abuse. However, little is known about the attitudes of student and registered nurses in reporting cases of abuse.PurposeThis study aimed to identify nursing students' attitudes and related factors toward reporting child abuse and neglect in Turkey.SourcesThis cross‐sectional study was carried out with the online participation of 1170 nursing students. The scale for determining the attitudes of health professionals in reporting child abuse (ACAS) was administered together with questions on demographic information.ConclusionsACAS scores of nursing students toward reporting child abuse were average. Younger age, poor perceived academic success, suspecting of a child abuse and neglect case during clinical practice, and male sex were independently associated with higher ACAS scores. Therefore, education programs for nursing students should focus on improving their attitudes toward reporting child abuse and neglect.
Does extended air‐drying time improve bond strength of universal adhesives to enamel?
Authors: Karadas Muhammet , Bedir Fatih 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of extended air‐drying time on the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of universal adhesives to enamel.Materials and MethodsThe distal and mesial specimens from third molars were wet‐ground and randomly assigned to three groups according to adhesives tested (n = 60): Clearfil Bond Universal, Gluma Bond Universal, and G‐Premio Bond. The adhesives were applied in etch‐and‐rinse or self‐etch modes, followed by air‐drying for 5, 15, or 25 s. Composite buildups were constructed and subjected to the MSBS test after 24‐h or thermocycling. MSBS results were evaluated using a four‐way ANOVA. The thickness of the adhesive layer and the degree of solvent evaporation were further evaluated.ResultsAt 24‐h, MSBS of G‐Premio Bond significantly improved with the 25 s air‐drying in both of the etching modes when compared to the 5 s air‐drying. After thermocycling, the extended air‐drying did not produce a significant difference on the MSBS, regardless of the application strategy. Extended air‐drying (25 s) evaporated almost all of the volatile part of Gluma Bond Universal and G‐Premio Bond.ConclusionsExtended air‐drying times increased solvent evaporation but did not contribute to the bonding effectiveness of the adhesives, regardless of the etching mode.Clinical SignificanceAir‐drying applications for more than 5 s had no significant effect on enamel bonding performance of universal adhesives.
The role of vaccine effectiveness on individual vaccination decisions and welfare
Authors: Sorensen Andrea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examines a theoretical model designed to characterize a static, individual vaccination decision environment. I identify and characterize both equilibrium and socially optimal vaccination behavior and determine how this behavior changes as the effectiveness of the vaccine changes. I also evaluate the individual and social welfare implications of a change in vaccine effectiveness. I find that under certain conditions, an increase in vaccine effectiveness can decrease the number of agents vaccinating in equilibrium due to the positive external effects of vaccination. Notably, it is also possible for individual and total welfare to decrease. This is an undesirable, and perhaps unexpected, consequence of better vaccines. Fortunately, welfare at the social optimum always increases as vaccine effectiveness increases. However, equilibrium behavior often falls short of the social optimum due to the positive externalities created by vaccinating.
Associations between sleep complaints, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults in Greece
Authors: Basta M. , Skourti E. , Simos P. , Soumaki E. , Li Y. , Gerostergios G. , Samiotakis G. , Dafermos V. , Drakaki M. , Papadakis N. , Vgontzas A. N. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryDepression prevalence increases significantly during adolescence/early adulthood. Depression in youth may present suicidal ideation, while suicide represents the leading cause of death in this age group. Moreover, adolescents/young adults frequently report sleep complaints that may partially be due to depressive symptoms. Studies on the associations between depression, sleep complaints and suicidality in this age group are limited. We aimed to examine associations between depressive symptoms, sleep complaints and suicidal ideation in a large (n = 2771), representative sample of adolescents (age: 15–17 years, n = 512) and young adults (age: 18–24 years, n = 2259) from the general population in Greece. A telephone structured questionnaire was administered. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the modified Patient Health‐7 questionnaire score, while presence of suicidal ideation and sleep complaints were assessed using the ninth and third question of Patient Health‐9 questionnaire, respectively. Mediation logistic regression analysis revealed significant direct paths from depressive symptoms to sleep complaints (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.24; OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18–1.24) and suicidal ideation (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14–1.22; OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14–1.22), as well as sleep complaints and suicidal ideation (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.32–2.50; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33–2.76) in the total group and in young adults, respectively, but not among adolescents. Moreover, we detected a significant indirect effect of depressive symptoms on suicidal ideation mediated by sleep complaints (18.8%) in young adults. These findings support the hypothesis that treatment of sleep disturbances among youth with depression may independently further reduce suicidal risk.
Right heart echocardiographic variables and prediction of clinical severity in dogs with pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Patata Valentina , Vezzosi Tommaso , Marchesotti Federica , Zini Eric , Tognetti Rosalba , Domenech Oriol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary stenosis (PS) usually is evaluated using echocardiography. A multiparametric approach, in addition to the maximum pressure gradient (PG), might be indicated to better characterize PS severity and address its management.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur hypothesis was that right heart size and function are associated with echocardiographic and clinical severity of pulmonary stenosis in dogs.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with PS.MethodsProspective, multicenter, observational study. Enrolled dogs underwent complete echocardiographic examination. Associations among right heart echocardiographic variables, PS transvalvular PG >80 mm Hg and presence of clinical signs (exercise intolerance, syncope, right‐sided congestive failure, or some combination of these) were assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsEighty‐eight dogs with PS. Twenty‐eight dogs were symptomatic. Increased right ventricular end‐diastolic free wall thickness (odds ratio [OR] > 100; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 50‐ > 100; P = .01) and decreased aorta‐to‐pulmonary artery velocity time integral ratio (OR, < 0.001; 95%CI, 0.0‐0.001; P = .005) were independently associated with PS PG >80 mm Hg. Decreased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (OR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.15‐0.77; P = .01) and increased right ventricular end‐diastolic area (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.08‐2.02; P = .01) were independently associated with clinical severity.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceStructural and functional right heart echocardiographic variables are associated with echocardiographic and clinical severity in dogs with PS. A multiparametric approach is advised to better assess PS severity.
Intellectual property rights in outer space: How can pharmaceutical companies protect COVID‐19 vaccine and immunotherapy developments aboard the ISS US national laboratory?
Authors: Jashari Adnan , Stojchevska Stefani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBelieving that space pharmaceuticals might be the key to winning the battle against COVID‐19, global pharmaceutical companies such as AstraZeneca and Sanofi Pasteur are currently collaborating with the International Space Station National Laboratory (ISS‐NL) on research projects aiming to develop vaccine‐and‐immunotherapy products. The present legal regime for outer space, however, does not provide clear guidelines on safeguarding intellectual property rights (IPRs), due to the difficulties of reconciling the territorial nature of patent law and the nonterritorial nature of space law. Responding to such a legal gap, this research paper argues how pharmaceutical companies can protect such medical innovations by taking into consideration the international principles of space law addressing IPRs and extraterrestrial jurisdiction, as well as the legal regime of the ISS‐NL. With the exception of the possibility of the barriers between the two areas of law not being insurmountable, the proposed COVID‐19 TRIPS Waiver furthermore impacts space pharmaceuticals' IPRs and commercialization, which leads to the identification of some advantageous forms of agreements, including the Joint Endeavor Agreement, the Space Act Agreement, as well as the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement, for pharmaceutical companies defined as agreement partners with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The Role of Environmental Chemicals in the Etiology of Learning Difficulties: A Novel Theoretical Framework
Authors: Margolis Amy E. , Greenwood Paige , Dranovsky Alex , Rauh Virginia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren from economically disadvantaged communities have a disproportionate risk of exposure to chemicals, social stress, and learning difficulties. Although animal models and epidemiologic studies link exposures and neurodevelopment, little focus has been paid to academic outcomes in environmental health studies. Similarly, in the educational literature, environmental chemical exposures are overlooked as potential etiologic factors in learning difficulties. We propose a theoretical framework for the etiology of learning difficulties that focuses on these understudied exogenous factors. We discuss findings from animal models and longitudinal, prospective birth cohort studies that support this theoretical framework. Studies reviewed point to the effects of prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on reading comprehension and math skills via effects on inhibitory control processes. Long term, this work will help close the achievement gap in the United States by identifying behavioral and neural pathways from prenatal exposures to learning difficulties in children from economically disadvantaged families.
Lysosomal swelling and lysis mediate delivery of C3 toxins to their cytoplasmic targets
Authors: Turner Madison , Plumb Jonathan , Merrill A. Rod , Grinstein Sergio , Westman Johannes 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnlike other cholera‐like toxins that contain separate binding/translocation and catalytic subunits, C3‐like mono‐ADP‐ribosyltransferases consist of a single subunit that serves both functions. The manner whereby C3 toxins reach the host cell cytoplasm is poorly understood and was addressed in this study by monitoring the fate of fluorescently labeled C3larvinA. Following binding to the macrophage membrane in a discontinuous punctate pattern, the toxin was internalized, traversing the endocytic pathway to reach lysosomes. Strikingly, the lysosomes of C3larvinA‐treated cells underwent massive swelling over the course of 1–4 h. Lysosomal swelling preceded the extensive rearrangement of the cellular F‐actin caused by ADP‐ribosylation of cytosolic Rho‐GTPases. This suggested that lysosome swelling might be required for the escape of the toxin into the cytoplasm where the GTPases reside. Accordingly, preventing swelling by osmotic manipulation or by arresting macropinocytosis precluded the F‐actin rearrangement. Toxin‐induced swelling was associated with leakage of sulforhodamine B and dextran from the lysosomes, implying membrane rupture or activation of mechano‐sensitive pores, enabling the toxin itself to reach the cytosol. Finally, comparison of the cellular traffic and actin remodeling activities of C3larvinA with that of two related toxins, C3larvintrunc and Plx2A, highlighted the importance of the N‐terminal α1‐helix for lysosomal swelling and successful intoxication.
Long‐term effects of different exercise training modes on cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Del Rosso Sebastian , Baraquet María Lucía , Barale Adrián , Defagó María Daniela , Tortosa Fernando , Perovic Nilda Raquel , Aoki Maria Pilar 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe present study aimed to investigate the evidence on the effects of different long‐term training interventions (aerobic [AeT], resistance [RT], and combined [COMB]) and spontaneous physical activity (PA) in modifying cytokines and adipokines in individuals with overweight or obesity with or without cardiometabolic diseases while considering potential confounders. Although exercise interventions have become a potentially effective tool for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, the evidence provided by previous systematic reviews is inconclusive since several potential confounders have yet to be addressed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase databases from January 2000 to July 2022 and performed a meta‐analysis. Inclusion criteria retrieved 106 full texts comprising 8,642 individuals with a range BMI of 25.1–43.8 kg m−2. We found that independently of the training mode, exercise had a beneficial effect on diminishing Adiponectin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), IL‐6, IL‐18, IL‐20, Leptin, sICAM, and TNF‐α levels circulating levels. Furthermore, by subsequent analysis, we detected differential effects of AeT, RT, and COMB, with sex, age, body composition, and trial length acting as moderators. The comparison of training modes revealed a difference favoring COMB over AeT for regulating the increase in CRP with no differences in the remaining biomarkers. Meta‐regression analysis revealed an effect of change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on CRP, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, while IL‐10 was influenced by the change in body fat. The results suggest that all interventions, except PA, are effective in lessening this population's inflammatory status, provided that exercise results in an increase of VO2max.
Immunological interactions in helminths‐SARS CoV‐2 coinfection: Could old enemy be a friend today?
Authors: Alrouji Mohammed , Al‐Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Elhadad Heba , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , Ogaly Hanan A. , Elgazzar Ahmed M. , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHelminths are metazoan parasites affecting about one third of the worldwide population. Chronic helminth infections (CHIs) confer immunological tolerance to harmless and self‐antigens mediated by regulatory T cells (Treg) that are up‐regulated. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), abnormal adaptive immune response and unrestrained innate immune response could result in local and systemic immune‐mediated tissue damage. COVID‐19 and CHIs establish complicated immune interactions due to SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced immunological stimulation and CHIs‐induced immunological tolerance. However, COVID‐19 severity in patients with CHIs is mild, as immuno‐suppressive anti‐inflammatory cytokines counterbalance the risk of cytokine storm. Here, an overview of the interplay between helminths and COVID‐19 severity is given. CHIs through helminth‐derived molecules may suppress SARS‐CoV‐2 entry and associated hyperinflammation through attenuation of the TLR4/NF‐kB signalling pathway. In addition, CHIs may reduce the COVID‐19 severity by reducing the SARS‐CoV‐2 entry points at ACE2/DPP4/CD147 axis in the initial phase and immunomodulation in the late phase of the disease by suppressing TLR4/NF‐kB signalling pathway.
The indirect effect of positive aspects of caregiving on the relationship between cognitive decline and dementia caregiver burden
Authors: Cousins Elizabeth , Patrick Karlee , Chapman Kimberly , Drost Jennifer , Spitznagel Mary Beth 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundResearch has linked increased cognitive decline in a dementia care recipient to worsening caregiver burden, but the presence of positive aspects of caregiving is associated with better outcomes. As cognitive decline worsens, a lack of positive caregiving experiences could lead to burden for the caregiver. This study investigated relationships among dementia caregiver burden, cognitive decline, and positive aspects of caregiving in dementia, predicting an indirect effect of positive aspects of caregiving.MethodsData from 724 patients of an outpatient memory clinic in Ohio were examined and dyads included based on clinically supported patient diagnoses on the dementia spectrum. Caregivers completed the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) measures. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini‐Mental State Examination were used to estimate cognitive decline, standardized to create a single variable. Multiple potential covariates were considered for inclusion in the model. A cross‐sectional mediation analysis using the Hayes PROCESS macro explored the presence of an indirect effect of PAC on the relationship between cognitive decline and ZBI using 5000 bootstrap samples.ResultsOnly the potential covariate caregiver age was correlated with any of the primary variables; this variable was controlled in analyses. Significant relationships emerged between cognitive decline and ZBI (r = −0.12, P < 0.001), between PAC and ZBI (r = −0.23, P < 0.001), and between cognitive decline and PAC (r = −0.07, P < 0.05). An indirect effect of positive aspects of caregiving on the relationship between cognitive decline and ZBI was statistically significant (B = 0.0092, 95% bias‐corrected confidence interval: 0.0008, 0.0185), accounting for 14.4% of the variance in the model.ConclusionsA lack of positive aspects of caregiving could be partially responsible for development of dementia caregiver burden as cognitive decline worsens. Longitudinal examination of these relationships is needed to understand causality fully. Findings may help healthcare providers tailor treatment to alleviate caregiver burden.
Normalization? German Theologians Respond to the Rise of the Far RightChristentum von Rechts: Theologische Erkundungen und Kritik [Right‐wing Christianity: Theological Explorations and Critique], Johann HinrichClaussen, MartinFritz, AndreasKubik, RochusLeonhardt, and ArnulfvonScheliha, Mohr Siebeck, 2021 (ISBN 978‐3‐16‐160005‐0), vi + 234 pp., pb €26.95Rechte Normalisierung und politische Theologie. Eine Standortbestimmung [Right‐wing Normalization and Political Theology: Defining a Standpoint], Jan NiklasCollet, JuliaLis, and GregorTaxacher (eds), Pustet, 2021 (ISBN 978‐3‐7917‐3287‐9) 280 pp., pb €25.19
Authors: Schmiedel Ulrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe far right is on the rise across Europe. In Germany, the political party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) has had striking success in several elections, establishing itself in parliaments across the country. Although Christianity comes up in the programmes and the politics of this party, theologians in Germany have been hesitant to engage the rise of the far right. In this review, I present two publications that put an end to this hesitation. Although I cannot cover each and every chapter, I aim to showcase the key concerns and the key concepts of both publications in order to stress the contrast between them. Both theologically and politically, the stakes are high. The question of how to respond to the rise of the far right, I suggest, cuts to the core of the conceptualization of the identity of Christianity.
Brauer spaces of spectral algebraic stacks
Authors: Chough Chang‐Yeon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the question of whether the Brauer group is isomorphic to the cohomological one in spectral algebraic geometry. For this, we prove the compact generation of the derived category of twisted sheaves in the setting of spectral algebraic stacks. In particular, we obtain the compact generation of the ‐category of quasi‐coherent sheaves and the existence of compact perfect complexes with prescribed support for such stacks. We extend these results to derived algebraic geometry by studying the relationship between derived and spectral algebraic stacks.
Study on the Corrosion Behavior and Numerical Simulation of TC18 Titanium Alloy Under Tensile Stress
Authors: Miao Yuanyang , Lv Shengli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Both understanding and simulation of the process of corrosion damage are crucial for the prediction of remaining service life of engineering structures, sound reliability analysis, and design for the purpose of enhancing the overall resistance of the material to corrosion damage. A coupled mechano-electrochemical peridynamic (PD) corrosion model was established by using the PD corrosion theory and the mechanochemical effect theory. The model is capable of simulating the occurrence of degradation caused by the conjoint and mutually interactive influences of mechano-electrochemical phenomena. Corrosion behavior of TC18 titanium alloy in EXCO solution under stress loads of 31% σ0.2, 47% σ0.2, and 62% σ0.2 was studied. The effect of tensile loads on the corrosion behavior of TC18 titanium alloy was examined by combining the micromorphology and electrochemical parameters to verify the dependence of reaction rate occurring at the anode on tensile stress. Results of this study shed light that as the stress level increases, the corrosion potential of TC18 titanium alloy shifts negatively, the corrosion current density increases and the corrosion intensifies. When the phase transition mechanism is satisfied, boundary movement occurs spontaneously. This model can safely be employed for complex geometric shapes and as a basis for studying crack propagation in environments that are favorable or conducive for inducing corrosion.