bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decay of scalar curvature on uniformly contractible manifolds with finite asymptotic dimension
Authors: Wang Jinmin , Xie Zhizhang , Yu Guoliang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGromov proved a quadratic decay inequality of scalar curvature for a class of complete manifolds. In this paper, we prove that for any uniformly contractible manifold with finite asymptotic dimension, its scalar curvature decays to zero at a rate depending only on the contractibility radius of the manifold and the diameter control of the asymptotic dimension. We construct examples of uniformly contractible manifolds with finite asymptotic dimension whose scalar curvature functions decay arbitrarily slowly. This shows that our result is the best possible. We prove our result by studying the index pairing between Dirac operators and compactly supported vector bundles with Lipschitz control. A key technical ingredient for the proof of our main result is a Lipschitz control for the topological K‐theory of finite dimensional simplicial complexes.
Design of Proanthocyanidins and TiO2 Nanoparticles‐Based Novel Emulsions as a Platform for UV Protection
Authors: Ge Shujin , Zhang Shang , Li Xueshu , Li Aixiang , Wang Weiwei , Tan Guanglei , Sui Xiaofei , Li Qiuhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA white oil‐in‐water novel emulsion stabilized by TiO2 nanoparticles with UVB shielding properties and proanthocyanidins with antioxidant activity was prepared, where the proanthocyanidins aggregated at the oil‐water interface to reduce interfacial tension while TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in the continuous water phase to hinder droplet coalescence. It was found that the average oil droplet size was less than 10 μm and decreased with the increase of proanthocyanidins concentration, but the increase of the content of TiO2 nanoparticles had little effect on it. The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and proanthocyanidins was versatile for oil phases with different polarities, and the resulting emulsion exhibited high stability in the face of centrifugation, heating and prolonging storage time. After encapsulating the UVA filter avobenzone in white oil, the emulsion was endowed with the ability to resist UVB and UVA. Further, the emulsion showed great free radical scavenging ability for superoxide anion radical (⋅O2−), hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) with the clearance rate of over 70 %, indicating the good antioxidant activity. The ingenious combination of UVB, UVA filter and antioxidant with emulsion as carrier provides a new idea for the preparation of full‐band sunscreen emulsion.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Revised Beliefs About Emotions Questionnaire
Authors: Strodl Esben , Hubert Mitchell , Cooper Myra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveGiven that there is an increasing exploration of the role of beliefs about emotions in emotion regulation and psychotherapy, there is a need for a range of valid and reliable measures of beliefs about emotions. The Beliefs About Emotions Questionnaire (BAEQ) has been shown to be a promising measure of beliefs about emotions. However, to date, no study has attempted to replicate the original factor structure of the BAEQ in an English‐speaking country. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the BAEQ in a nonclinical sample.MethodArchival data of 1807 adult participants residing in Australia was divided into three equal groups of participants. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the first sub‐sample, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the second sub‐sample, and a second CFA was performed on the third sub‐sample. Divergent validity was tested using the heterotrait–monotrait ratio and the concurrent validity was tested through correlations with the subscales of the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ‐R18).ResultsThe first CFA failed to replicate the original factor structure of the BAEQ. An EFA supported five of the original six factors. A five‐factor structure, including 30 out of the original 43 items, was confirmed in a second CFA. The final subscales (Shameful and Irrational, Overwhelming and Uncontrollable, Invalid and Meaningless, Useless and Damaging) demonstrated good construct validity, good internal consistency, and good concurrent and divergent validity.ConclusionThe results from this study support a briefer five‐factor, 30‐item version of the BAEQ (BAEQ‐R) as a reliable and valid measure of beliefs about emotions that can be utilised in future research.
The Growing Field of Photoswitchable Macrocycles: A Promising Way to Tune Various Properties with Light
Authors: Ludwig Corentin , Xie Juan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThanks to supramolecular interactions of macrocyclic compounds with their guest ions or molecules, macrocycles have found wide applications in molecular and chiral recognition, separation, transportation, molecular machines, and so on. Photoswitchable macrocycles are especially appealing and attracting more and more interest because the embedded molecular photoswitch enables dynamic control of molecular shape, conformation, and different properties by light, a non‐invasive, remote and highly tunable stimulus. With available photochromic compounds, various photoswitchable macrocycles have been developed. In this review paper, we describe the recently reported photoswitchable macrocyclic compounds, with a focus on the control of the macrocyclic structure, dynamic, photo or thermal isomerization, as well as their applications on encapsulation and release of ionic or aromatic species, on the reversible modulation of chemical, biological, electronic, fluorescent and chiroptical properties by light.
Three daily intraperitoneal injections of sub‐anesthetic ketamine ameliorate activity‐based anorexia vulnerability of adult female mice
Authors: Goodwin‐Groen Sebastian , Dong Yiru , Aoki Chiye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify ketamine's dosing schedule that ameliorates voluntary food restriction, hyperactivity and body weight loss of adult mice undergoing activity‐based anorexia (ABA), an animal model of anorexia nervosa.MethodFemale and male C57BL6 mice underwent three cycles of ABA, starting from mid‐adolescence. ABA vulnerability was compared within and across two groups of animals: those injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg ketamine for three consecutive days (30mgKetx3) during the second ABA in late adolescence (ABA2) or with vehicle only (Vx3).ResultsVx3 females and males exhibited individual differences in wheel running and weight retention during first ABA in mid‐adolescence (ABA1), ABA2, and third ABA in adulthood (ABA3). Their wheel running correlated with anxiety‐like behavior. During ABA1 and ABA3, weight gain of Vx3 females (but not males) after food consumption correlated negatively with food‐anticipatory activity (FAA) preceding the feeding hours, indicating that females with higher levels of running restrict feeding more and persistently. This paradoxical relationship confirms earlier findings of ABA females without ketamine treatment, capturing the maladaptive behaviors exhibited by individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. By contrast, 30mgKetx3 had an effect on both sexes of reducing hyperactivity during the feeding hours acutely and reducing anxiety‐like behavior's contribution to running. For females, only, 30mgKetx3 acutely improved the extent of compensatory food consumption relative to FAA and improved weight retention during ABA3, 12 days post ketamine in adulthood.DiscussionSub‐anesthetic ketamine evokes behavior‐specific ameliorative effects for adult mice re‐experiencing ABA, supporting the notion that multiple doses of ketamine may be helpful in reducing relapse among adults with anorexia nervosa.Public Significance StatementThis study examined whether ketamine reduces anorexia‐like behaviors in adult mice. Three daily sub‐anesthetic ketamine injections suppress wheel running during and leading up to the hours of food availability and enable animals to compensate better for weight loss associated with excessive exercise by eating more. These findings suggest that ketamine may help adult females diagnosed with anorexia nervosa but also point to sex‐ and age‐related differences in the action of ketamine.
Role of aldosterone in mid‐ and long‐term left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction: The REMI study
Authors: Monzo Luca , Huttin Olivier , Ferreira João Pedro , Lamiral Zohra , Bozec Erwan , Beaumont Marine , Micard Emilien , Baudry Guillaume , Marie Pierre‐Yves , Eschalier Romain , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsWhether aldosterone levels after myocardial infarction (MI) are associated with mid‐ and long‐term left ventricular (LV) remodelling in the era of systematic use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors is uncertain. We prospectively investigated the relationship between aldosterone levels and mid‐ and long‐term LV remodelling in patients with acute MI.Methods and resultsPlasma aldosterone was measured in 119 patients successfully treated by primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty for a first acute ST‐elevation MI (STEMI) 2–4 days after the acute event. LV volumes were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the same timeframe and 6 months later. LV assessment was repeated by TTE 3–9 years after MI (n = 80). The median aldosterone level at baseline was 23.1 [16.8; 33.1] pg/ml. In the multivariable model, higher post‐MI aldosterone concentration was significantly associated with more pronounced increase in LV end‐diastolic volume index (TTE: β ± standard error [SE]: 0.113 ± 0.046, p = 0.015; CMR: β ± SE: 0.098 ± 0.040, p = 0.015) and LV end‐systolic volume index (TTE: β ± SE: 0.083 ± 0.030, p = 0.008; CMR: β ± SE: 0.064 ± 0.032, p = 0.048) at 6‐month follow‐up, regardless of the method of assessment. This result was consistent also in patients with a LV ejection fraction (LVEF) >40%. The association between baseline plasma aldosterone and adverse LV remodelling did not persist at the 3–9‐year follow‐up evaluation.ConclusionAldosterone concentration in the acute phase was associated with adverse LV remodelling in the medium term, even in the subgroup of patients with LVEF >40%, suggesting a potential role of the mineralocorticoid system in post‐MI adverse remodelling. Plasma aldosterone was no longer associated with LV remodelling in the long term (NCT01109225).
Pyramidalization at the sp2‐Hybridized ipso‐Carbon Atom of Phenyl Compounds
Authors: Brunner Henri , Ikeshita Masahiro , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study we investigate the pyramidalization of the sp2‐hybridized center at the ipso‐carbon atom Ci of phenyl compounds on the theoretical side by DFT calculations of toluene, t‐butylbenzene, and ethylbenzene and on the experimental side by a scatter plot analysis of 14,169 structures of ethylbenzene compounds Cβ−CαH2−C6H5 with three open positions for variation at Cβ, accumulated in the Cambridge Structural Database. In a 360° rotation about the bond between Cα of the substituent and the ipso‐carbon atom Ci of the phenyl ring, the pyramidalization performs three maxima and minima. A comparison of structures with pyramidalization and its hypothetical counterparts without pyramidalization shows that pyramidalization is associated with a gain of energy. The data reveal that it is the carbon atom Cα of the phenyl substituent, which on pyramidalization bends away from the phenyl plane. Pyramidalization of sp2‐hybridized centers is an omnipresent member in molecular weak interactions.
A preliminary exploration for co‐detecting RNA virus and STR type on capillary electrophoresis in forensic practice
Authors: Xu Ruyi , Chang Zhaorui , Wen Dan , Liu Yi , Wang Chudong , Qu Weifeng , Tang Xuan , Jia Hongtao , Li Jienan , Cai Jifeng , Li Guanlin , Jiang Bowei , Zha Lagabaiyila 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRNA virus infection such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection shows severe respiratory symptoms on human and could be an obvious individual characteristic for investigations in forensic science. As for biological samples suspected to contain RNA virus in forensic casework, it requires respective detection of viral RNA and human DNA: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and DNA type (short tandem repeat [STR] analysis). Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been shown to be a versatile technique and used for a variety of applications, so we preliminarily explored the co‐detection of RNA virus and STR type on CE by developing a system of co‐detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 and STR type under ensuring both the efficiency of forensic DNA analysis and safety of the laboratory. This study investigated the development and validation of the system, including N and ORF1ab primer designs, polymerase chain reaction amplification, allelic ladder, CE detection, thermal cycling parameters, concordance, sensitivity, species specificity, precision, and contrived and real SARS‐CoV‐2 sample studies. Final results showed the system could simultaneously detect SARS‐CoV‐2 and STR type, further indicating that CE has possibilities in the multi‐detection of RNA viruses/STR type to help to prompt individual characteristics (viral infection) and narrow the scope of investigation in forensic science.
A review of the energy recovery and energy pressure of liquid
Authors: Ji Yunguang , Zhang Yuhan , Xue Zhanpu , Li Ze , Tong Mingda , Li Hongtao , Song Jianchang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the rapid development of today's industry, it not only greatly accelerates the consumption of energy, but also causes serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, reducing energy waste and recovering energy has become an important research direction today. This paper introduces the future development trend of renewable energy, discusses the progress of recovery of nonpolluting energy such as marine, bioenergy and thermal energy, and analyzes the efficiency and social benefits of various types of energy recovery. Energy recovery methods for natural gas pipelines are briefly analyzed, and current research advances in energy pressure recovery devices are provided, leading to a summary of methods to improve the efficiency of fluid energy recovery. Finally, it is concluded that although the current energy sources are diversified, the most valued energy sources at present and in the future should be solar energy and ocean, which are infinitely recyclable. This paper will benefit researchers to further understand and study the various aspects of energy recovery.
Quantifying the contribution of bank erosion to a suspended sediment budget using boat‐mounted LiDAR and high‐frequency suspended sediment monitoring
Authors: Haddadchi Arman , Bind Jochen , Hoyle Joanna , Hicks Murray 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the physical processes as well as the hydrological and morphological factors that influence channel bank erosion is important for river restoration and the management of the floodplain and associated ecosystems. In this study, we introduced an innovative approach to quantify river bank erosion and its contribution to a reach fine sediment budget by combining repeat bank erosion surveys using a jetboat‐mounted LiDAR scanner with concurrent high‐frequency suspended sediment load measurements into and out of the surveyed reach. Using this information, we established a sediment budget for a 5.5‐km‐long study reach of the lower Ōreti River, Southland, New Zealand. A total of three surveys were conducted along the study reach to understand changes in the bank erosion contribution to suspended sediment load at different time scales. The first two surveys were separated by a short period of 8 weeks, and the third survey followed 2.5 years later. The measured volumes of fine sediment rendered from bank erosion equated to 25% and 29% of the measured outflowing suspended load over these two inter‐survey epochs, respectively. By comparison, the net contribution of measured bank erosion and derived fine sediment deposition on the riverbed to the outflowing suspended load was 12% over the first, shorter epoch and 25% for the second, 2.5‐year epoch. These results highlight the important role of in‐channel sediment deposition in the variability of net suspended sediment exports from channel reaches experiencing bank erosion. The approach used in this study has a unique capability to accurately monitor bank erosion and obtain high‐resolution topography data capturing changes in river banks over different time periods.
Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to changes in rainfall intensity under different wind directions
Authors: An Miaoying , Wei Chen Chen , Han Yuguo , Qu Zhixu , Wang Xiuru , Zhang Baozhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn nature, wind often occurs simultaneously with rainfall, causing nutrient loss in soil and water on slopes. However, the influence of different rainfall intensities combined with different wind directions on soil erosion and nutrient loss remains unclear. This study utilized wind‐driven rainfall laboratory flume experiments to analyse the influence of different wind directions (windward, leeward and crosswind) and rainfall intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm h−1) with constant wind speed (5 m s−1) on slope runoff, sediment yield and the associated losses of different forms of N (
,
) and P (
‐P). The response of soil erosion, N and P loss to rainfall changes with different wind directions. When the rainfall intensity was constant, runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses on slopes showed a trend of leeward > crosswind > windless > windward, whereas runoff‐associated TN and TP losses showed a trend of windward > crosswind > windless > leeward. Runoff, sediment yield and sediment‐associated TN and TP losses on leeward slopes were 1.09–1.17, 1.25–1.44, 1.33–1.62, and 1.40–1.66 times than windless slopes. Moreover, with constant wind direction, the runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses increased significantly with increasing rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity increased from 30 to 60 and 90 mm h−1, the runoff, sediment yield and associated TN and TP losses increased 2.02–2.28, 3.65–5.35, 3.96–34.39 and 4.28–8.45 times, respectively. The effects of rainfall on soil erosion and nutrient loss were significantly greater than those of wind. The loss of different forms of N and P associated with runoff and sediment was consistent with that of TN and TP losses. However, with an increase in rainfall intensity, the growth rates of runoff, sediment yield and associated N and P losses exhibited a gradually weakening trend for all wind directions. An increase in rainfall intensity enhanced the vertical vector force of wind‐driven rainfall, which increasingly decreased the angle between the rain incidence and the normal line of the horizon; therefore, the direction of the rain erosion force gradually approached that of windless conditions.
BIANCA‐MS: An optimized tool for automated multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation
Authors: Gentile Giordano , Jenkinson Mark , Griffanti Ludovica , Luchetti Ludovico , Leoncini Matteo , Inderyas Maira , Mortilla Marzia , Cortese Rosa , De Stefano Nicola , Battaglini Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work we present BIANCA‐MS, a novel tool for brain white matter lesion segmentation in multiple sclerosis (MS), able to generalize across both the wide spectrum of MRI acquisition protocols and the heterogeneity of manually labeled data. BIANCA‐MS is based on the original version of BIANCA and implements two innovative elements: a harmonized setting, tested under different MRI protocols, which avoids the need to further tune algorithm parameters to each dataset; and a cleaning step developed to improve consistency in automated and manual segmentations, thus reducing unwanted variability in output segmentations and validation data. BIANCA‐MS was tested on three datasets, acquired with different MRI protocols. First, we compared BIANCA‐MS to other widely used tools. Second, we tested how BIANCA‐MS performs in separate datasets. Finally, we evaluated BIANCA‐MS performance on a pooled dataset where all MRI data were merged. We calculated the overlap using the DICE spatial similarity index (SI) as well as the number of false positive/negative clusters (nFPC/nFNC) in comparison to the manual masks processed with the cleaning step. BIANCA‐MS clearly outperformed other available tools in both high‐ and low‐resolution images and provided comparable performance across different scanning protocols, sets of modalities and image resolutions. BIANCA‐MS performance on the pooled dataset (SI: 0.72 ± 0.25, nFPC: 13 ± 11, nFNC: 4 ± 8) were comparable to those achieved on each individual dataset (median across datasets SI: 0.72 ± 0.28, nFPC: 14 ± 11, nFNC: 4 ± 8). Our findings suggest that BIANCA‐MS is a robust and accurate approach for automated MS lesion segmentation.
The functional connectome of 3,4‐methyldioxymethamphetamine‐related declarative memory impairments
Authors: Coray Rebecca C. , Zimmermann Josua , Haugg Amelie , Baumgartner Markus R. , Steuer Andrea E. , Seifritz Erich , Stock Ann‐Kathrin , Beste Christian , Cole David M. , Quednow Boris B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chronic intake of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) bears a strong risk for sustained declarative memory impairments. Although such memory deficits have been repeatedly reported, their neurofunctional origin remains elusive. Therefore, we here investigate the neuronal basis of altered declarative memory in recurrent MDMA users at the level of brain connectivity. We examined a group of 44 chronic MDMA users and 41 demographically matched controls. Declarative memory performance was assessed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and a visual associative learning test. To uncover alterations in the whole brain connectome between groups, we employed a data‐driven multi‐voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) approach on participants' resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Recent MDMA use was confirmed by hair analyses. MDMA users showed lower performance in delayed recall across tasks compared to well‐matched controls with moderate‐to‐strong effect sizes. MVPA revealed a large cluster located in the left postcentral gyrus of global connectivity differences between groups. Post hoc seed‐based connectivity analyses with this cluster unraveled hypoconnectivity to temporal areas belonging to the auditory network and hyperconnectivity to dorsal parietal regions belonging to the dorsal attention network in MDMA users. Seed‐based connectivity strength was associated with verbal memory performance in the whole sample as well as with MDMA intake patterns in the user group. Our findings suggest that functional underpinnings of MDMA‐related memory impairments encompass altered patterns of multimodal sensory integration within auditory processing regions to a functional heteromodal connector hub, the left postcentral gyrus. In addition, hyperconnectivity in regions of a cognitive control network might indicate compensation for degraded sensory processing.