bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive spatio-temporal neural network for PM2.5 concentration forecasting
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Li Qixiong , Dong Liang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The prediction of PM2.5 concentration is essential and important for improving people's physical and mental health, as one of the main sources of air pollution, it limits the sustainable development of urban areas. In this paper, we propose a hybrid prediction model to predict PM$_{2.5}$ concentration for the next 72 hours by employing the spatio-temporal information of monitoring stations, called adaptive spatio-temporal prediction network (ASTP-NET), which consists of four components: feature extraction module, spatial attention module, Multi-Layer Bi-LSTM and future time features. The feature extraction module conducts adaptive feature extraction while preserving the inherent spatio-temporal features of different stations. The spatial attention network aims to obtain the spatial attention weights of the auxiliary and target stations based on the target station features. Multi-Layer Bi-LSTM with the transformation mechanism is executed to capture the entangled temporal features of all stations from their weighting fusion features. The purpose of adding future time feature module is to enhance the prediction performance through incorporating prior knowledge and expanding the time perception horizon. The evaluation of ASTP-NET is implemented based on the air quality dataset of Xi'an and the results show our model outperforms other latest state-of-the-art methods. The methodology can be applied to predict multivariate time series data in different domains.
Implications of additive x additive epistasis for common bean breeding
Authors: de Melo Rita Carolina , Coimbra Jefferson Luís Meirelles , Silva João Gilberto Corrêa da , Cerutti Paulo Henrique , Carbonari Luan Tiago dos Santos , Guidolin Altamir Frederico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of epistasis in complex traits can be significant and affect the selection of segregating populations undesirably. The purpose of this study was to determine the epistatic genetic components that influence root and shoot traits of common bean and identify their effect on the performance of segregating populations. The field experiment consisted of 49 treatments (backcross progenies, parents and segregating populations in the F2and F3generations). The cross P1-BAF53 (Andean) x P2-IPR 88 Uirapuru (Mesoamerican) as reference. Six traits were taken into consideration: root distribution (%), first pod length (cm), number of grains (plot), plant height (cm), reproductive cycle (days) and number of basal branches (plot). Additive x additive epistasis significantly affected 50% of the above traits. For root distribution (RD), this genetic component deteriorated the mean performance of the progenies in relation to the parents, regardless of the presence of dominance deviations and additive x dominant and dominant x dominant epistasis. In addition, lower variation in the different generations (parents and F2and F3progenies) was found for RD than for the other traits. Rather, no additive x additive interaction component for plant height was detected, but predominance of genetic deviations of dominance and transgressive segregation events were identified. Thus, additive x additive epistasis can hamper the success of a breeding program, for being associated with low-variability traits. This fact may be related with the number of crosses and/or the choice of genetically more distant parents for the program, and possibly with the presence of linked genes.
Climate change perceptions of shifting cultivators vis-a-vis meteorological observations influencing their adaptation decisions in the north-eastern region of India
Authors: Paul Sudipta , Chakraborty Debasish , Padaria Rabindra , Tripathi Anil Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Climate change has become a reality and the agriculture sector is directly confronted by its ill effects. The poor dwellers of hilly tracts of the north-eastern region of India are totally dependent on rainfed agriculture practicing shifting cultivation, the most primitive way of crop cultivation in the history of humankind which is still practiced by 240 million indigenous people of the world. The present study is aimed to integrate local perspectives on the global phenomenon of climate change as we compare shifting cultivators’ (n = 600) climate change perceptions with meteorological data for a holistic understanding of adaptation decisions in shifting cultivation. Climatic trends are analyzed from the precipitation and temperature data of the India Meteorological Department. Study results show that shifting cultivators’ climate change perceptions align well with climatic trends for temperature-related events though some inconsistencies exist for precipitation events. Further, the significance and strength of the association between shifting cultivators’ climate change perceptions and their adaptation decisions are statistically tested by Chi-square and Cramer’s V respectively. Results reveal that three-fourths (~ 76%) of the respondents made alterations in the shifting cultivation calendar as an adaptation strategy to climate change. Adaptation decisions pertaining to the sowing and post-sowing activities (weed control, crop protection, and harvesting) are more strongly associated with climate change perception compared to pre-sowing activities (selection and clearing of forested hilly lands). This study identifies the appropriateness of the climate change perceptions of shifting cultivators and recommends their inclusion for the effective formulation of policies regarding climate risk management.
Spatial and Sexual Divergence of Gut Microbial Communities in Field Cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Hirata Kazuya , Asahi Toru , Kataoka Kosuke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The insect gut is colonized by microbes that confer a myriad of beneficial services to the host, including nutritional support, immune enhancement, and even influence behavior. Insect gut microbes show dynamic changes due to the gut region, sex, and seasonal and geographic influences. Crickets are omnivorous hemimetabolous insects that have sex-specific roles, such as males producing chirping sounds for communication and exhibiting fighting behavior. However, limited information is available on their gut bacterial communities, hampering studies on functional compartmentalization of the gut and sex-specific roles of the gut microbiota in omnivorous insects. Here, we report a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiota of the field cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis using 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon sequencing to identify sex- and compartment-dependent influences on its diversity and function. The structure of the gut microbiota is strongly influenced by gut region rather than sex. In the species richness and diversity analyses, there were large differences among the gut regions, but only minor differences between the sexes. Analysis of relative abundance and predicted functions revealed that nitrogen- and oxygen-dependent metabolism, and amino acid turnover were subjected to functional compartmentalization in the gut. Comparisons between the sexes revealed differences in the gut microbiota, reflecting efficiency in energy use, including glycolytic and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting a possible involvement in egg production in females. This study provides insights into the compartment-dependent and sex-specific roles of host-gut symbiont interactions in crickets and the industrial production of crickets.
Increasing atmospheric dryness reduces boreal forest tree growth
Authors: Mirabel Ariane , Girardin Martin P. , Metsaranta Juha , Way Danielle , Reich Peter B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rising atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) associated with climate change impacts tree growth and carbon storage through its effects on stomatal closure, evapotranspiration, and soil dryness. However, ground truth analyses of the effects of changing VPD on forest growth remain limited to focal species and areas. We assessed the response of Canada’s boreal forests to VPD changes during 1951-2018 using a tree-growth increment network with 5,000 species-site combinations. Roughly half of the sites showed a relationship between growth and VPD, with the most common response being a negative relationship between previous year VPD and current year growth, while current year VPD also tended to reduce growth. Species, tree age and soil moisture were primary determinants of tree VPD responses, with younger trees and key species like Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides showing higher VPD sensitivity. Since 1951, increases in summer VPD in Canada have paralleled growth decreases, particularly in spruce species.
Green Infrastructure in ecosystem provisions: Macro to Micro
Authors: saba Bushra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paper delves into the provision of green spaces and their contribution to forming a liveable and sustainable green city. It studies the natural cover of the city as a whole in comparison to the availability of green infrastructure in the wards of the Bhopal urban area. Analysis reveals the green percentage reduction from 44% in 1990 to 21% in 2022. Furthermore, the ward-level green cover is found to be less towards the city center in contrast to newer peripheral wards of the city. Of all the wards, 18% wards lie under dense cover, 69% wards with a moderate green cover and 13% wards with the least green cover. The research portrays the ecosystem services by the available green cover in the city region with a micro-level proposal towards retaining the natural canvas of the city.
Influence of human behavior on COVID-19 based on reaction diffusion equations
Authors: Zhi Shun , Niu Hongtao , Su You-hui , Han Xiaoling 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease spreading through human droplets and contact. To investigate the effect of human behavior changes on the spread of COVID-19, a reaction-diffusion model that contains contact rate functions related to human behavior is studied. The basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ for this system is derived and a threshold-type result on its global dynamics in terms of $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ is established in this paper. More precisely, we show that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stableif $\mathcal{R}_{0}\leq1,$ and the system admits a positive solution and the disease is uniformly persistent if $\mathcal{R}_{0}>1$. By the numerical simulations of the analytic results, we find that human behavior changes may lower infection levels and reduce the number of exposed and infected humans.
Mycoplasmas and the Dairy Industry
Authors: Rosenbusch Ricardo F. 
Published: February 2023

Mycoplasmal infections are of significant concern to dairy producers, and their concerns have energized changes in diagnosis, control, and prevention of the infections. Since management practices have significant impact on these infections, these practices need to be evaluated and adjustments made to coordinate them with the health measures to be applied.
In this presentation, a historical and current review of health measures applied to mycoplasmal infections is extended with a look forward to future needs in this area. Deficiencies in the application of control measures are highlighted, and opportunities for better interventions are surveyed.
Risk of New Intramammary Infections during the Dry Period in Holstein Dairy Cattle Enrolled in the CBMRN National Cohort of Dairy Farms
Authors: Calloway C. D. , Dohoo I. R. , Keefe G. P. 
Published: February 2023

Intramammary infections acquired during the dry period are difficult to diagnosis and tend to lead to decreased production in the subsequent lactation. In addition, the use of dry cow therapies (DCT) have virtually eliminated major pathogens, such as Streptococcus agalactiae. However, use of dry cow therapy or teat sealants may have questionable efficacy against other pathogens. Selective dry cow therapy, based on farm- or cow-specific pathogen profiles, tend to decrease usage of antimicrobial products. However, to generate farm-specific pathogen profiles, knowledge of incidence of intramammary pathogens is needed.
The objectives of this observational study were to determine the incidence of new intramammary infections (NIMI) in dairy cattle during the dry period and risk factors associated with NIMI incidence risk.
Effect of Injectable Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin on Postpartum Serum Beta-Hydroxybutyrate, Calcium, and Phosphorus Concentrations in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Overton M. W. , Rollin E. , Berghaus R. D. , Rapnicki P. , Godden S. M. 
Published: February 2023

Catosal® (Bayer, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, USA) is a sterile solution containing 10% butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), and is intended to prevent or treat deficiencies of these nutrients. Supplemental vitamin B12 may enhance gluconeogenesis through its role in methylmalonyl-CoAmutase. Phosphorus plays important roles in the hydrogen buffering system in the blood, is a critical component of nucleic acids, and is clinically important due to its role in postparturient paresis in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of two 25 mL injections of Catosal® on the serum BHBA, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations of cows in the early postparturient period.
(Originally published in J Dairy Sci, Vol 93, No. 3, 2010.)
Is Thermography a Possible New Method to Evaluate Body Temperature in Fresh Cows?
Authors: Gomez Arturo , Vergara Cristian , Cook Nigel B. , Nordlund Kenneth 
Published: February 2023

The period comprising one month postpartum represents the highest risk of disease occurrence in dairy cows. In freestall systems in general, cows are housed in post-fresh pens after calving where intense health surveillance has been recognized as a major determinant of cow performance during the subsequent lactation. Rectal body temperature (RT) and appetite are the most important indicators of health status, but their assessment is sometimes neglected due to time constraints, yielding poor compliance with health surveillance protocols. Thermography has largely shown the capability to accurately and quickly evaluate body temperature in other species such as humans, and widespread usage of this technology has made affordable and manageable thermographic units more available.
With the advantage of a rapid measurement, the objective of the study is to evaluate whether thermography can be comparable to RT as a diagnostic test to identify cows over an established RT threshold.
Spirometry in full-term and premature lambs
Authors: Bovino F. , Panelli E. M. , Camargo D. G. , Deschk M. , Santos P. S. P. , Mendes L. C. N. 
Published: February 2023

Premature lambs are those born before day 137 of gestation. Animals born with premature lungs have multiple causes for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and respiratory failure. Surfactant treatment for infants with RDS is used routinely and results in beneficial clinical responses. Prenatal glucocorticoid treatment of fetal sheep results in improvements in oxygenation, gas exchange, lung mechanics, and lung volume after pre-term delivery. Spirometry is a physiological test that measures how an individual inhales or exhales volumes of air as a function of time. The primary signal measured in spirometry may be volume or flow. The minute volume is the amount of air a person or animal breaths in a minute. The minute volume is calculated by the multiplication of the tidal volume (Vt) and the respiratory rate (RR).
The aim of this study was to evaluate respiratory capacity by spirometry in neonatal lambs, and to compare full-term and premature responses.
Outbreak of sudden death in weaned calves on a New York dairy caused by Strongyloides papillosus
Authors: Pinn-Woodcock T. L. , Duhamel G. E. , Lejeune M. , Thompson B. S. 
Published: February 2023

S. papillosus are slender hair-like worms that have a predilection for the duodenum and proximal jejunum of ruminants. The third larval stage of S. papillosus penetrates the skin, often in the coronary band region of the limb, and migrates to the gastrointestinal tract where it matures to the parthenogenetic adult stage. Typically S. papillosus infection of calves in North America is associated with clinical signs of diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, and weight loss or poor weight gain (Thamsborg et al, 2017).
Outbreaks of sudden death associated with heavy S. papillosus burden are rare and have only been reported in 2-5 month old calves in Japan (Taira and Ura, 1991). These Japanese outbreaks occurred in the summer, where common conditions included sawdust bedding, high environmental temperatures, and high humidity. Experimental studies revealed the sudden death of calves with heavy worm burdens to be preceded by cardiac arrhythmias for 1-2 days and ventricular arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest (Tsuji et al, 1992). These researchers hypothesized that S. papillosus may produce a cardiotoxin that leads to cardiac arrest of infected calves.
S. papillosus has recently been implicated as the novel cause of an outbreak of sudden death in weaned dairy calves on a well-managed farm in New York State. The following report describes this first documented North American outbreak of sudden death in calves caused by S. papillosus.
Sequential changes in serum iron concentration and hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression in LPS-challenged calves
Authors: Nishi Yasunobu , Tsukano Kenji , Shimamori Toshio , Fukuda Tatsuya , Otsuka Marina , Kitade Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2023

Inflammatory diseases caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are the most frequently observed diseases in dairy and feedlot cows. The acute-phase response to LPS may regulate transcription factors and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and hepcidin. Iron is known to play roles in many enzymatic activities, and is an essential trace element for the host and pathogen. Previous reports demonstrated that serum Fe levels decrease in inflammatory diseases due to intestinal absorption and reduction of the release of Fe by reticuloendothelial cells.
In this study, we measured sequential changes in the serum Fe concentration in calves after LPS challenge in order to clarify whether the serum Fe concentration is useful as a marker of inflammation. We also examined sequential changes in mRNA levels of IL-6 and hepcidin to evaluate the inflammatory response.
Uterine health problems
Authors: Thomas Mark J. , Stangaferro Matias L. , Couto Serrenho Rita 
Published: February 2023

A successful calving event and the following transition period are critically important to the future reproductive performance and productivity of the dairy cow. Although the diagnosis and treatment of uterine diseases are generally considered straightforward by most veterinarians, there are many misconceptions and a lack of data to support many of the recommended treatments. Other metabolic disorders such as hypocalcemia and hyperketonemia can further complicate the diagnosis and treatment plan.
Not only is an understanding of reproductive physiology and normal uterine involution important, but also the economic outcomes of uterine disease. The effects on milk production, fertility, risk to other diseases, and exit from the herd need to be recognized by both the dairy herd managers and veterinarians alike.
This article will review the definitions, risk factors, treatment options and economics of uterine diseases: retained placenta (RP), metritis, and endometritis.
AAA mentors
Authors: Rooker Eric J. 
Published: February 2023

Mentorship is recognized as one of the most important features of a modern job. Applicants seek jobs that will allow them to grow and that provide a clearly identified/accomplished mentor to help facilitate this growth. This has become more critical in recent years with mentorship playing a key role in employee retention for millennials. In fact, providing a mentor for an employed millennial can double their five-year retention rate.
Seventy-one percent of Fortune 500 companies have recognized the importance of mentorship and implemented formal mentorship programs but a much small percentage of small businesses recognize or utilize the importance of such a mentorship program. For this reason, a program for the basic education of mentors and the facilitation of the launch of a mentorship program is needed. The AAAs of mentorship focuses on instructing prospective or current mentoring techniques to improve their availability to mentees, improve affirmation techniques, anchor their mentee, and instruct them in post-doctoral school scholarship.
While many ways exist to improve these four areas, this presentation will focus on techniques that can have the largest and most immediate impact. Growth in these areas will provide a solid foundation and measurable improvements for mentorship programs.
Removal of cationic dyes from a synthetic effluent using a calcium surfactant
Authors: Teixeira Yago Neco , Filho Francisco José de Paula , Bacurau Vinícius Pereira , Menezes Jorge Marcell Coelho , Silva Daniel Bernardes , Santos Jober de Queiroz dos , Teixeira Raimundo Nonato Pereira , Nunes João Victor Serra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the removal efficiency of two types of cationic dyes of different classes – methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) – from a synthetic effluent using a calcium surfactant (CaSF) originated from used frying soybean oil. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that the functional groups present on the surface of CaSF can form surface complexes or bonds with the dye molecules and, consequently, promote their adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium point of the process is reached in 90 min for both dyes. Equilibrium studies indicated that the adsorption isotherm models that best fit MB and MG were the Langmuir and the Dubinin–Radushkevich models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB and MG, according to the Langmuir model, were 199 and 123 mg·g−1, respectively. In the sight of the high MB and MG removal efficiency (84 and 100%, respectively), the use of CaSF is an excellent alternative for the treatment of effluents contaminated by cationic dyes. The adsorption–desorption cycle studies showed that CaSF maintains a good dye removal efficiency for up to three cycles.
Spatial evaluation of groundwater quality using factor analysis and geostatistical Kriging algorithm: a case study of Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas Emmanuel Oluwafemi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Necessity calls for the environmental aspects of groundwater to be evaluated and properly managed based on the observed spatial distribution with respect to quality, as it contributes to a significant portion of average water usage globally. Variations in groundwater quality in the Ibadan Metropolis might be a result of physical and chemical trends in the region leading to a decline in quality. The study was geared towards the spatial evaluation of groundwater quality using factor analysis and the Kriging algorithm. The parameters examined include pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonates, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and potassium, which were sampled and analysed from the existing municipal deep wells in the Ibadan Metropolitan area; and distribution maps of each parameter were created using a geostatistical approach. Factor analysis examined the relationship between human activities and concentration levels. Semi-variograms were tested to ascertain the best-fitted model accuracy measures, average standard error, root mean square error, and root mean square error standardised. The groundwater index was calculated to ascertain the drinkability of the water in the study area. Overall, the result shows that the groundwater in the study area is suitable for consumption; drinking, and other uses. Kriging is a suitable assessment tool for modelling environmental parameters.