bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Women With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Trapani Dario 
Published: January 2023

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice. The clinical discussion on the adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients with breast cancer (BC) should routinely include comprehensive considerations of the health implications of competitive comorbidities, the safety of the treatment itself, and the likelihood that an appropriate dose intensity will be received (ie, relative dose intensity > 85%). All these factors have prognostic implications, as recently confirmed in the secondary analysis of the Hurria Older PatiEnts clinical trial. Full-informed, shared decision making is essential to provide best care. Our clinical approach for women with BC age ≥ 65 years is based on a standardized screening for frailty, triggering comprehensive geriatric assessment, as appropriate. We only recommend evidence-based regimens that have showed to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and potentially increase overall survival. We frequently prefer docetaxel-cyclophosphamide, for hormone receptor–positive BC, on the basis of the subgroup analysis of the USOR-9735 study in older population. We avoid single agents (eg, capecitabine or weekly docetaxel), as showed to be inferior treatments in the CALGB-49907 and ELDA trials, and modified nonstandard regimens, for the lack of strong evidence in support.
The Prevalence and Prognosis of Microsatellite Instability-High/Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Adenocarcinomas in the United States
Authors: Gutierrez Catherine , Ogino Shuji , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Iorgulescu J. Bryan 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Microsatellite instability (MSI) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status is an indispensable biomarker in the management of colorectal cancers. We therefore examined the epidemiology of MSI-high/MMR-deficient colorectal cancers in the United States. METHODS Adults presenting with colorectal adenocarcinoma in 2018-2019 were identified from the US National Cancer Database. Attributes associated with MSI-high/MMR-deficiency were identified using multivariable logistic regression and reported using average adjusted probabilities (%AAP) and 99.9% CIs. As a secondary aim, the survival associated with MSI/MMR status was assessed. RESULTS Among 101,259 colorectal adenocarcinomas in 2018-2019, 82.0% were microsatellite stable/MMR-proficient, 3.8% MSI-low, and 14.2% MSI-high/MMR-deficient—including 16.6%, 19.9%, 12.4%, and 7.3% of stage I, II, III, and IV cancers, respectively. In locoregional cancers, MSI-high/MMR-deficiency was associated with a bimodal age distribution, female sex, right-sided colonic origin, wild-type KRAS, and a prior diagnosis of cancer (all P < .001). By race/ethnicity, colorectal adenocarcinomas were MSI-high/MMR-deficient in 16.9%AAP of non-Hispanic White (99.9% CI, 16.5 to 17.4) patients, compared with 11.3%AAP of non-Hispanic Black (99.9% CI, 10.3 to 12.4), 12.4%AAP of Asian/Pacific Islander (99.9% CI, 10.5 to 14.3), and 15.1%AAP of Hispanic (99.9% CI, 13.4 to 16.7) patients (all P < .001). Histologically, MSI-high/MMR-deficiency was associated with increasing grade, from 11.3%AAP of well-differentiated tumors (99.9% CI, 10.2 to 12.4) to 28.4%AAP of poorly differentiated cases (99.9% CI, 27.1 to 29.8; P < .001). Compared with conventional histology (15.2%AAP, 99.9% CI, 14.8 to 15.6), medullary (41.1%AAP, 99.9% CI, 33.0 to 49.3; P < .001) and mucinous (24.6%AAP, 99.9% CI, 22.8 to 26.3; P < .001) subtypes—but not signet-ring cell histology (15.5%AAP, 99.9% CI, 11.6 to 19.4; P = .79)—were more frequently MSI-high/MMR-deficient when adjusting for clinicopathologic features including grade. CONCLUSION Our findings establish the epidemiology, features, and prognostic implications of MSI-high/MMR-deficiency among colorectal adenocarcinoma patients in the United States.
Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Mutations to Predict Olaparib Plus Bevacizumab Efficacy in the First-Line Ovarian Cancer PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 Trial
Authors: Pujade-Lauraine Eric , Brown Jessica , Barnicle Alan , Wessen Jonathan , Lao-Sirieix Pierre , Criscione Steven W. , du Bois Andreas , Lorusso Domenica , Romero Ignacio , Petru Edgar , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Vergote Ignace , Colombo Nicoletta , Hietanen Sakari , Provansal Magali , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Pignata Sandro , Martín Lorente Cristina , Berton Dominique , Runnebaum Ingo B. , Ray-Coquard Isabelle 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE The PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial of maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab for newly diagnosed advanced high-grade ovarian cancer demonstrated a significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit over placebo plus bevacizumab, particularly in patients with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)–positive tumors. We explored whether mutations in non- BRCA1 or BRCA2 homologous recombination repair (non–BRCA HRRm) genes predicted benefit from olaparib plus bevacizumab in PAOLA-1. METHODS Eight hundred and six patients were randomly assigned (2:1). Tumors were analyzed using the Myriad MyChoice HRD Plus assay to assess non–BRCA HRRm and HRD status; HRD was based on a genomic instability score (GIS) of ≥ 42. In this exploratory analysis, PFS was assessed in patients harboring deleterious mutations using six non–BRCA HRR gene panels, three devised for this analysis and three previously published. RESULTS The non–BRCA HRRm prevalence ranged from 30 of 806 (3.7%) to 79 of 806 (9.8%) depending on the gene panel used, whereas 152 of 806 (18.9%) had non‐ BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation HRD-positive tumors. The majority of tumors harboring non–BRCA HRRm had a low median GIS; however, a GIS of > 42 was observed for tumors with mutations in five HRR genes ( BLM, BRIP1, RAD51C, PALB2, and RAD51D). Rates of gene-specific biallelic loss were variable (0% to 100%) in non–BRCA HRRm tumors relative to BRCA1-mutated (99%) or BRCA2-mutated (86%) tumors. Across all gene panels tested, hazard ratios for PFS (95% CI) ranged from 0.92 (0.51 to 1.73) to 1.83 (0.76 to 5.43). CONCLUSION Acknowledging limitations of small subgroup sizes, non–BRCA HRRm gene panels were not predictive of PFS benefit with maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab versus placebo plus bevacizumab in PAOLA-1, irrespective of the gene panel tested. Current gene panels exploring HRRm should not be considered a substitute for HRD determined by BRCA mutation status and genomic instability testing in first-line high-grade ovarian cancer.
Income Sources Across Childhood in Families With Nonresident Fathers
Authors: Fomby Paula , Harvey Hope , Musick Kelly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Unpartnered mothers rely on formal and informal income sources to support their coresident minor children. Building on work focusing on selective populations and shorter time horizons, we describe the family income sources on which U.S. women and their minor children rely for up to 17 years following an unpartnered birth or union dissolution (Panel Study of Income Dynamics 2001–2017; N = 12,369 person-year records from 3,148 children). Using rich description and fixed-effect models, we treat family income as dynamic, mapping change in the share and amount of family income from multiple sources as children age and women gain employment experience; enter new unions; experience changes in eligibility for public support programs; and receive contributions from kin, friends, and other household members. A patchwork of income sources is the norm throughout childhood, with mothers' earnings nearly universal but insufficient as a sole source of family income. Maternal repartnering increases family income through new partner earnings but is accompanied by offsetting reductions in other income sources, particularly from outside the household. In the context of weak institutional support for U.S. families, families with nonresident fathers rely on a complex mix of income sources to make ends meet.
Multiportal Combined Endoscopic Endonasal and Transorbital Pathways: Qualitative and Quantitative Anatomic Studies of the “Connection” Skull Base Areas
Authors: Guizzardi Giulia , Prats-Galino Alberto , Mosteiro Alejandra , Santos Carlos , Topczewski Thomaz , Torales Jorge , Roldan Pedro , Reyes Luis , Di Somma Alberto , Enseñat Joaquim 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:Combined endonasal and transorbital multiportal surgery has been recently described for selected skull base pathologies. Nevertheless, a detailed anatomic description and a quantitative comprehensive anatomic study of the skull base areas where these 2 endoscopic routes converge, a so-called connection areas, are missing in the scientific literature.OBJECTIVE:To identify all the skull base areas and anatomic structures where endonasal and transorbital endoscopic avenues could be connected and combined.METHODS:Five cadaveric specimens (10 sides) were used for dissection. Qualitative description and quantitative analysis of each connection areas were performed.RESULTS:At the anterior cranial fossa, the connection area was found at the level of the sphenoid planum; in the middle cranial fossa, it was at the Mullan triangle; finally, in the posterior cranial fossa, the connection area was just behind the medial portion of the petrous apex. The average extradural working areas through the transorbital approach were 4.93, 12.93, and 1.93 cm2and from the endonasal corridor were 7.75, 10.45, and 7.48 cm2at the level of anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, respectively.CONCLUSION:The combined endonasal and transorbital endoscopic approach is an innovative entity of skull base neurosurgery. From the anatomic point of view, our study demonstrated the feasibility of this combined approach to access the entire skull base, by both corridors, identifying a working connection area in each cranial fossa. These data could be extremely useful during the surgical planning to predict which portion of a lesion could be removed through each route and to optimize patients' care.
Prenatal thyroid hormones accelerate postnatal growth and telomere shortening in wild great tits
Authors: Hsu Bin-Yan , Cossin-Sevrin Nina , Stier Antoine , Ruuskanen Suvi 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe early-life environment is known to affect later-life health and disease, which could be mediated by the early-life programming of telomere length, a key hallmark of ageing. According to the fetal programming of telomere biology hypothesis, variation in prenatal exposure to hormones is likely to influence telomere length. Yet, the contribution of key metabolic hormones, i.e. thyroid hormones (THs), has been largely ignored. We recently showed that in contrast to predictions, exposure to elevated prenatal THs increased postnatal telomere length in wild collared flycatchers, but the generality of such effect, the underlying proximate mechanisms and consequences for survival have not been investigated. We therefore conducted a comprehensive study evaluating the impact of THs on potential drivers of telomere dynamics (growth, post-natal THs, mitochondria and oxidative stress), telomere length and medium-term survival using wild great tits as a model system. While prenatal THs did not significantly affect telomere length a week after hatching (i.e. day 7), they influenced postnatal telomere shortening (i.e. shorter telomeres at day 14 and the following winter) but not apparent survival. Circulating THs, mitochondrial density or oxidative stress biomarkers were not significantly influenced, whereas the TH-supplemented group showed accelerated growth, which may explain the observed delayed effect on telomeres. We discuss several alternative hypotheses that may explain the contrast with our previous findings in flycatchers. Given that shorter telomeres in early life tend to be carried until adulthood and are often associated with decreased survival prospects, the effects of prenatal THs on telomeres may have long-lasting effects on senescence.
Transcriptomic changes associated with maternal care in the brain of mouthbrooding cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni reflect adaptation to self-induced metabolic stress
Authors: Faber-Hammond Joshua J. , Renn Suzy C. P. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Parental care in Astatotilapia burtoni entails females protecting eggs and developing fry in a specialized buccal cavity in the mouth. During this mouthbrooding behavior, which can last 2–3 weeks, mothers undergo voluntary fasting accompanied by loss of body mass and major metabolic changes. Following release of fry, females resume normal feeding behavior and quickly recover body mass as they become reproductively active once again. In order to investigate the molecular underpinnings of such dramatic behavioral and metabolic changes, we sequenced whole-brain transcriptomes from females at four time points throughout their reproductive cycle: 2 days after the start of mouthbrooding, 14 days after the start of mouthbrooding, 2 days after the release of fry and 14 days after the release of fry. Differential expression analysis and clustering of expression profiles revealed a number of neuropeptides and hormones, including the strong candidate gene neurotensin, suggesting that molecular mechanisms underlying parental behaviors may be common across vertebrates despite de novo evolution of parental care in these lineages. In addition, oxygen transport pathways were found to be dramatically downregulated, particularly later in the mouthbrooding stage, while certain neuroprotective pathways were upregulated, possibly to mitigate negative consequences of metabolic depression brought about by fasting. Our results offer new insights into the evolution of parental behavior as well as revealing candidate genes that would be of interest for the study of hypoxic ischemia and eating disorders.
Altered cerebral blood flow and white matter during wakeful rest in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Li Xiaoshuai , Hui Ying , Shi Huijing , Li Mengning , Zhao Xinyu , Li Rui , Zhang Wenfei , Lv Han , Wu Yuntao , Li Jing , Cui Liufu , Zhao Pengfei , Wu Shouling , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To explore changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and white matter during wakeful rest in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: The subjects comprised OSA patients and age- and sex-matched non-sleep apnea (NSA) subjects from December 2020 to December 2021. All subjects underwent structural and arterial spin labeling MRI examinations using a 3.0 T MRI scanner. Intergroup differences in regional and global CBF and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were analyzed. Results: In this study, 100 (74 males) of 750 (439 males) subjects were diagnosed with OSA, so the prevalence of OSA in the general population was 13.3% (100/750), with 16.9% (74/439) in males and 8.4% (26/311) in females. Excluding four patients with incomplete imaging data, 96 OSA patients and 103 age- and sex-matched NSA subjects were included. At global level, OSA patients showed significantly decreased CBF values in gray matter and whole brain compared to NSA subjects (gray matter: p = 0.010; whole brain: p = 0.021). No significant difference in CBF values was found in WM between the two groups (p = 0.250). At regional level, compared with NSA subjects, patients with OSA exhibited significantly decreased regional CBF values mainly in right parietal lobe and right temporal lobe. Moreover, OSA patients had significantly higher WMHs burden than NSA subjects (p = 0.017). Conclusions: OSA patients exhibit decreased global and regional CBF values and increased WMHs burden. Advances in knowledge: These findings provide a basis for exploring neuropathological changes of OSA and for early and appropriate treatment.
The whole is other than the sum of its parts: the untapped potential of spatial data from archaeological fieldwork
Authors: McKeague Peter 
Published: January 2023

Spatial data is fundamental to documenting our past, underpinning research questions and informing the decisions we – and others – take in the protection, understanding and stewardship of the historic environment. Investing in organising and sharing spatial data typically delivers a benefit to cost ratio of up to sixteen times the outlay. In contrast, existing practices are saturated with inefficiency. Even if the spatial data reaches an archive, it can be hard to find, access and use. It is often in the wrong format and incompatible with similar data from different projects. Through the European Union Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive curators of protected sites data (scheduled monuments, listed buildings etc.) are required to publish metadata, view and download services. In contrast to these ‘curated’ datasets there is neither the mandate, nor the mechanisms to coordinate, curate and share, data created through archaeological fieldwork and research. The degree of standardisation in documenting fieldwork recording and archival deposition varies considerably, posing challenges to the reuse of data. Both are key factors in not realising the potential of ‘collated data’ from multiple sources. The opportunities to develop a consistent approach for making greater use of data routinely created through fieldwork and research are explored using case studies from Scotland. Despite the obvious benefits of developing a consistent approach to spatial data from fieldwork, the framework, standards, specifications, guidance and infrastructure to realise that potential are absent. Archaeological data can and should contribute to delivering wider societal benefits, including environmental monitoring, digital twins and climate change. To contribute meaningfully to these and other societal challenges, archaeological data needs to be accessible and consistent.
Dispersion-flattened concentric structure for microcomb bandwidth broadening in GaP-OI resonators
Authors: Geng Zhaoting , Ji Houling , Yu Zhuoyu , Cheng Weiren , Wu Pengzhuo , Li Yi , Zhao Qiancheng 
Published: January 2023

We propose and theoretically investigate the coupled concentric ring resonators on a thickness-constrained GaP on insulator (GaP-OI) integrated photonic platform. Achieving anomalous dispersion is fulfilled by mode hybridization in the coupled structure on a 200 nm thick GaP-OI resonator which originally only exhibits normal dispersion for the fundamental mode. The anomalous dispersion profile for the anti-symmetric mode is flattened and broadened in favor of Kerr frequency comb generation by optimizing the waveguide width and the coupling gap size synergistically. We show the flexibility of this design methodology by simultaneously flattening the dispersion profile while anchoring the dispersion peak location at 1550 nm. The optimized design has a flat anomalous dispersion span of 460 nm with a small peak of 160 ps/km/nm, 1.69 times lower than a traditional rectangular waveguide. The engineered dispersion profile enables a broadband Kerr frequency comb generation that has a 3 dB bandwidth of 67 nm and a 20 dB bandwidth of over 250 nm at both 1550 and 1650 nm pump wavelengths. The proposed design proves useful to achieve broad and flat anomalous dispersion on thickness-constrained materials, paving the way towards low-loss GaP-OI frequency comb resonators.
Cannabinoids versus placebo for pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Barakji Jehad , Korang Steven Kwasi , Feinberg Joshua , Maagaard Mathias , Mathiesen Ole , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
To assess the benefits and harms of cannabinoids in participants with pain.

Design
Systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Data sources
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, and BIOSIS.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Published and unpublished randomised clinical trials comparing cannabinoids versus placebo in participants with any type of pain.

Main outcome measures
All-cause mortality, pain, adverse events, quality of life, cannabinoid dependence, psychosis, and quality of sleep.

Results
We included 65 randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials enrolling 7017 participants. Fifty-nine of the trials and all outcome results were at high risk of bias. Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis showed no evidence of a difference between cannabinoids versus placebo on all-cause mortality (RR 1.20; 98% CI 0.85 to 1.67; P = 0.22). Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis showed that cannabinoids neither reduced acute pain (mean difference numerical rating scale (NRS) 0.52; 98% CI -0.40 to 1.43; P = 0.19) or cancer pain (mean difference NRS -0.13; 98% CI -0.33 to 0.06; P = 0.1) nor improved quality of life (mean difference -1.38; 98% CI -11.81 to 9.04; P = 0.33). Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis showed that cannabinoids reduced chronic pain (mean difference NRS -0.43; 98% CI -0.72 to -0.15; P = 0.0004) and improved quality of sleep (mean difference -0.42; 95% CI -0.65 to -0.20; P = 0.0003). However, both effect sizes were below our predefined minimal important differences. Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis indicated that cannabinoids increased the risk of non-serious adverse events (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.25; P < 0.001) but not serious adverse events (RR 1.18; 98% CI 0.95 to 1.45; P = 0.07). None of the included trials reported on cannabinoid dependence or psychosis.

Conclusions
Cannabinoids reduced chronic pain and improved quality of sleep, but the effect sizes are of questionable importance. Cannabinoids had no effects on acute pain or cancer pain and increased the risks of non-serious adverse events. The harmful effects of cannabinoids for pain seem to outweigh the potential benefits.
Causal associations of anthropometric measurements with osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Yang , Li Yue , Yu Tiecheng , Zhang Jiting 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveWe believe that there is a causal relationship between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis. To confirm the hypothesis, we have conducted this study.MethodsGenetic variants associated with the five anthropometric variables were obtained from previous large-scale genomewide association studies. Summary-level data on osteoarthritis were obtained from the UK Biobank. The univariable and multivariable MR framework were used to evaluate the associations. The two-sided p value was considered to be statistically significant at 0.01 (where p = 0.05/5) after Bonferroni correction for the five exposure variables.ResultsIn the univariable MR, there was evidence of a detrimental effect of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference on osteoarthritis risk in the main IVW analyses (height: OR 1.115, 95% CI 1.054–1.180; weight: OR 1.765, 95% CI 1.650–1.889; BMI: OR 1.952, 95%CI 1.841–2.068; waist circumference: OR 2.140, 95% CI 1.994–2.296; hip circumference: OR 1.719, 95% CI 1.600–1.846). And the analyses on knee osteoarthritis and hip osteoarthritis yielded similar results. However, the multivariable MR showed that only waist circumference was causally associated with osteoarthritis, after adjusting for the confounding exposure effects (waist circumference: OR 1.877, 95% CI 1.286–2.739). Such association was also repeated in the analyses on knee osteoarthritis but not hip osteoarthritis.ConclusionOur study highlighted the causal associations between waist circumference and knee osteoarthritis risk.