bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Falls in Rehabilitation: A Comparison of Three Instruments Including Hester Davis
Authors: Harmon Erin Y. , Cournan Michele C. , Teale Amy E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Hester Davis Scale (HDS), Section GG, and facility fall risk assessment scores to predict patients who fall during inpatient rehabilitation.

Design
This study was an observational quality improvement project.

Methods
Nurses administered the HDS in parallel to the facility’s current fall risk assessment and Section GG of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument. Receiver operating characteristic curves were compared in 1,645 patients. Relationships of individual scale items to falls were also assessed.

Results
The HDS (area under the curve [AUC] = .680, 95% CI [.626, .734]), facility fall risk assessment (AUC = .688, 95% CI [.637, .740]), and Section GG scores (AUC = .687, 95% CI [.638, .735]) adequately identified patients who fell. AUCs did not significantly differ between assessments. HDS scores of ≥13, facility scores of ≥14, and Section GG scores of ≤51 resulted in the highest sensitivity/specificity balance.

Conclusions
HDS, facility fall risk assessment, and Section GG scores adequately and similarly identified patients of mixed diagnoses at risk of falling in inpatient rehabilitation.

Clinical Relevance to the Practice of Rehabilitation Nursing
Rehabilitation nurses have several options including the HDS and Section GG to identify patients at greatest risk of falling.
Gasless Endoscopic Submandibular Gland Excision Through Hairline Approach
Authors: Yang Fan , Alkebsi Khaled , Chen Su , Lubamba Grace Paka , Xiao Lan , Wang Xiao-Yi , Li Long-Jiang , Li Chun-Jie , Zhu Gui-Quan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of gasless endoscopic submandibular gland excision through hairline approach and the safety, feasibility and practicability of this technique.

Methods:
Twenty-five patients with submandibular gland lesions who underwent gasless endoscopic submandibular gland excision through hairline approach at the Department of Head and Neck Oncology of the West China Hospital of Stomatology from May 1st 2021 to May 31st 2022 were included in this prospective study. The variables were analyzed statistically with SPSS software version 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA).

Results:
There was a female predominance (72%), female to male ratio was 2.6. The mean age was 30.6±10.2 years (range: 11 to 52 year). All 25 cases of endoscopic submandibular gland excision through hairline approach were done without conversion to conventional approach. This approach was indicated in 14 cases (56%) for pleomorphic adenoma, 8 cases (32%) for chronic sialadenitis, 2 cases (8%) for adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 1 case (4%) for lymphadenitis. The incision length mean was 4.8±0.4 mm (range: 4 to 5 mm); the operation duration mean was 100.6±39.7 min (range: 51 to 197 min); the intraoperative bleeding mean was 13.2±5.7 ml (range: 5 to 20 ml); the hospital length of stay mean was 4.5±0.8 days (range: 3 to 6 days). The follow-up mean was 10±3.4 months (range: 5 to 16 months). The patients were very satisfied with postoperative cosmetic result (score mean: 9.2±1). No recurrence of disease and complications such as postoperative bleeding, hematoma, nerve damage, skin necrosis, infection, and hair loss occurred.

Conclusions:
Gasless endoscopic submandibular gland excision through hairline approach is safe, feasible and practicable, resulting in a very satisfied cosmetic result without significant complications; the intraoperative bleeding is less, the operative field is clear, the operation duration decreases with accumulation of experience.
The Efficacy of Sequential Intranasal Packing Removal in Overcorrected Nasal Bone Fracture: Evaluation With Computed Tomography
Authors: Park Tae Hwan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Despite the evolution of new techniques to treat nasal bone fractures, closed reduction with appropriate palpation and inspection is one of the critical basic tools to treat nasal bone fractures properly. Despite its rarity, overcorrection after closed reduction of the nasal bone fracture could happen even with experienced surgeons. This study hypothesized that sequential packing removal is mandatory for optimal outcomes based on the preoperative and postoperative Computed Tomography scans in overcorrected cases. This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of sequential nasal packing removal assessed by facial CT scans.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we evaluated the medical records and preoperative and postoperative facial Computed Tomography scans of 163 patients with nasal bone fractures treated with a closed reduction from May 2021 to December 2022. Preoperative and Postoperative CT scan was routinely used to assess the outcome. Merocels were used for intranasal packing. In overcorrected cases based on immediate postoperative CT scan, we routinely removed the intranasal packing on the overcorrected side first immediately. On postoperative day 3, we removed the remaining intranasal packing on the other side. We assessed additional postoperative CT scans on postoperative two to three weeks.

Results:
With sequential packing removal starting on the day of surgery, all overcorrected cases were successfully corrected clinically and radiologically without noticeable complications. Two representative cases were presented.

Conclusion:
Sequential nasal packing removal provides significant benefits in overcorrected cases. An immediate postoperative CT scan is also vital to do this procedure. This strategy is advantageous if the fracture is significant and there is a substantial possibility of overcorrection.
Prognostic Effect of Liver Resection in Extended Cholecystectomy for T2 Gallbladder Cancer Revisited
Authors: Park Yeshong , Lee Jun Suh , Lee Boram , Jo Yeongsoo , Lee Eunhye , Kang MeeYoung , Kwon Wooil , Lim Chang-Sup , Jang Jin-Young , Han Ho-Seong , Yoon Yoo-Seok 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
In this study, we evaluated the effect of liver resection on the prognosis of T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Summary Background Data:
Although extended cholecystectomy (lymph node dissection [LND] + liver resection) is recommended for T2 GBC, recent studies have shown that liver resection does not improve survival outcomes relative to LND alone.

Methods:
Patients with pT2 GBC who underwent extended cholecystectomy as an initial procedure and not reoperation after cholecystectomy at three tertiary referral hospitals between January 2010 and December 2020 were analyzed. Extended cholecystectomy was defined as either LND with liver resection (LND+L group) or LND only (LND group). We conducted 2:1 propensity score matching to compare the survival outcomes of the groups.

Results:
Of the 197 patients enrolled, 100 patients from the LND+L group and 50 from the LND group were successfully matched. The LND+L group experienced greater estimated blood loss (P < 0.001) and a longer postoperative hospital stay (P=0.047). There was no significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of the two groups (82.7% vs. 77.9%, respectively, P=0.376). A subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year DFS was similar in the two groups in both T substages (T2a: 77.8% vs. 81.8%, respectively, P=0.988; T2b: 88.1% vs. 71.5%, respectively, P=0.196). In a multivariable analysis, lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 4.80, P=0.006) and perineural invasion (HR 2.61, P=0.047) were independent risk factors for DFS; liver resection was not a prognostic factor (HR 0.68, P=0.381).

Conclusions:
Extended cholecystectomy including LND without liver resection may be a reasonable treatment option for selected T2 GBC patients.
Decoding accuracies as well as ERP amplitudes do not show between-task correlations
Authors: Ehinger Benedikt V. , Bonasch Hannes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract1Some participants consistently show large, and others small activations in Electroencephalography (EEG) and other neuroimaging studies. Similarly, decoding accuracies in Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) vary between subjects, in extreme cases labelled “BCI-Illiteracy”.Here, we investigate whether a switch of taskwithinan event-related design could be sufficient to alleviate low performance. We compare event-related-potentials (ERP) component amplitudes, as well as offline balanced decoding-accuracy based on deep convolutional networks, between seven event-related tasks. ERP effect amplitudes and decoding accuracies were correlated within all tasks, but not between any pairwise tasks. Further, 39/40 subjects had above average performance in at least one task.Two cautious conclusions can be drawn, with the appropriate limitations of power (n=40) and the caveats of interpreting null-findings: 1) The lack of effect amplitude correlations shows that between-subject variability cannot be purely explained by a task-agnostic effects like skull thickness. 2) The lack of decoding accuracy correlations shows promise for ERP-based BCIs: replacing the task could be an effective way to combat “BCI-Illiteracy”.
The alternative splicing generated muscle-specific MEF2Dα2 isoform promotes muscle ketolysis and running capacity in mice
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Iqbal Hina , Xiangnan Guan , Mis Brittany , Dave Devanshi , Kumar Suresh , Besler Jacob , Dash Ranjan , Xia Zheng , Singh Ravi K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTKetone bodies are an alternate fuel source generated by the liver in response to low carbohydrate availability in neonates and after starvation and exhausting exercise in adulthood. The postnatal alternative splicing generates a highly conserved muscle-specific MEF2Dα2 protein isoform of the transcription factor MEF2D. Here, we discovered that compared to WT mice, MEF2Dα2 exon knockout (Eko) mice displayed reduced running capacity and muscle expression of all three ketolytic genes, BDH1, OXCT1, and ACAT1. Consistent with reduced muscle utilization of ketone bodies, MEF2Dα2 Eko mice also showed increased ketone body levels in a tolerance test, after exercise, and upon feeding a ketogenic diet. Lastly, using mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle, we showed reduced ketone body utilization and respiration in Eko compared to WT mice. Thus, we identified a new role of MEF2Dα2 protein isoform in regulating skeletal muscle ketone body oxidation, exercise capacity, and its effect on systemic ketone body levels.
Rapid local and systemic jasmonate signalling drives initiation and establishment of plant systemic immunity
Authors: Gaikwad Trupti , Breen Susan , Breeze Emily , Hussain Rana M. Fraz , Kulasekaran Satish , de Torres-Zabala Marta , Horsell David , Frigerio Lorenzo , Grant Murray 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSuccessful recognition of pathogen effectors by plant disease resistance proteins (effector triggered immunity, ETI) contains the invading pathogen through a localized hypersensitive response (HR). In addition, ETI activates long-range signalling cascades that establish broad spectrum systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Using a novel and sensitive reporter we have been able to image the spatio-temporal dynamics of SAR. We demonstrate that local ETI triggered SAR signal generation, followed by rapid propagation and establishment in systemic responding leaves, is dependent on both jasmonate biosynthesis and perception. Further, ETI initiates calcium- and jasmonate-dependent systemic surface electrical potentials, reminiscent of those activated by herbivory but with slower propagation kinetics. Thus, jasmonate signalling is crucial to the initiation and establishment of systemic defence responses against a diverse range of phytopathogens.
Critical residues of the antibiotic peptide LysMthat inhibits lipid II flipping
Authors: Kohga Hidetaka , Lertpreedakorn Napathip , Miyazaki Ryoji , Tsukazaki Tomoya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmall single-strand DNA/RNA phages that infect gram-negative bacteria encode lysis proteins that induce cell lysis without directly degrading the cell wall. One such protein, the 37-residue LysMprotein derived from a lysis gene ofLevivirusphage M (lysM), completely blocks the lipid II transport activity mediated byEscherichia coliMurJ, which is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. LysMwas proposed to be a single α-helical transmembrane protein that binds to MurJ and prevents its conformational transition during lipid II transport. Although LysMpossibly interacts with MurJ, the inhibition mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified the crucial residues for LysMfunction via comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis. These residues were located on two surfaces in an α-helix model, probably providing surfaces interacting with MurJ in the membrane. This study provides fundamental information regarding the mechanism of LysMinhibition.
Akt Drives TGF-β-induced Over-secretion of DKK1 and Impairment of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium Polarity
Authors: Idris Tahir , Bachmann Michaël , Bacchetta Marc , Bernhard Wehrle-Haller , Chanson Marc , Badaoui Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTEpithelial polarity is fundamental in maintaining barrier integrity and tissue protection. In cystic fibrosis (CF), apicobasal polarity of the airway epithelium is lost, resulting in increased apical fibronectin deposition and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections. Here we show thatCFTRmutation in primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) andCFTRknockdown in a HAEC line promote the overexpression and over-secretion of TGF-β1 and DKK1 when cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI). These dynamic changes result in hyperactivation of the TGF-β pathway and inhibition of the Wnt pathway through degradation of β-catenin leading to imbalanced proliferation and polarization. The abnormal interplay between TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways is further enhanced by aberrant Akt signaling. Pharmacological manipulation of TGF-β, Wnt, and Akt pathways restored polarization of the CF epithelium. Our data shed new insights into the signaling pathways that fine-tune apicobasal polarization and also highlight new therapeutic strategies in preventing infections in CF HAECs.
An intrinsically Disordered RNA Binding Protein Modulates mRNA Translation and Storage
Authors: Chowdhury Mashiat N. , Chen Xin , Jin Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany proteins with intrinsically disordered regions interact with cytoplasmic ribosomes. However, many of the molecular functions related to these interactions are unclear. In this study, using an abundant RNA-binding protein with a structurally well-defined RNA recognition motif and an intrinsically disordered RGG domain as a model system, we investigated how this protein modulates mRNA storage and translation. Using genomic and molecular approaches, we show that the presence of Sbp1 slows ribosome movement on cellular mRNAs and promotes polysome stalling. Sbp1-associated polysomes display a ring-shaped structure in addition to a beads-on-string morphology visualized under electron microscope. Moreover, post-translational modifications at the RGG motif play important roles in directing cellular mRNAs to either translation or storage. Finally, binding of Sbp1 to the 5’UTRs of mRNAs represses both cap-dependent and cap-independent translation initiation of proteins functionally important for general protein synthesis in the cell. Taken together, our study demonstrates an intrinsically disordered RNA binding protein regulates mRNA translation and storage via distinctive mechanisms under physiological conditions and establishes a framework with which functions of important RGG-proteins can be investigated and defined.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha governs cytoskeletal organization for invasiveness of liver cancer cells
Authors: Tran Cong Si , Kersten Julia , Breinig Marco , Yan Jingyi , Poth Tanja , Colasanti Ombretta , Riedl Tobias , Faure-Dupuy Suzanne , Diehl Stefan , Verhoye Lieven , Li Teng- Feng , Lingemann Marit , Schult Philipp , Ahlén Gustaf , Frelin Lars , Kühnel Florian , Breuhahn Kai , Vondran Florian W. R. , Meuleman Philip , Heikenwälder Mathias , Schirmacher Peter , Sällberg Matti , Bartenschlager Ralf , Laketa Vibor , Tschaharganeh Darjus Felix , Lohmann Volker 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsHigh expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha (PI4KIIIα) correlates with poor survival rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections activate PI4KIIIα and contribute to HCC progression. We aimed at mechanistically understanding the impact of PI4KIIIα on the progression of liver cancer and the potential contribution of HCV in this process.MethodsSeveral hepatic cell culture and mouse models were used to study functional importance of PI4KIIIα on liver pathogenesis. Antibody arrays, gene silencing and PI4KIIIα specific inhibitor were applied to identify the involved signaling pathways. The contribution of HCV was examined by using HCV infection or overexpression of its nonstructural protein.ResultsHigh PI4KIIIα expression and/or activity induced cytoskeletal rearrangements via increased-phosphorylation of paxillin and cofilin. This led to morphological alterations and higher migratory and invasive properties of liver cancer cells. We further identified the liver specific lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma (PIK3C2γ) working downstream of PI4KIIIα in regulation of the cytoskeleton. PIK3C2γ generates plasma membrane (PM) phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]- enriched, invadopodia-like structures which regulate cytoskeletal reorganization by promoting Akt2 phosphorylation.ConclusionsPI4KIIIα regulates cytoskeleton organization via PIK3C2γ/Akt2/paxillin-cofilin to favor migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the contribution of PI4KIIIα and HCV to progression of liver cancer and identify promising targets for therapeutic intervention.IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONSUnderstanding mechanistically how high PI4KIIIα expression are associated with poor clinical outcomes of liver cancer is important to develop pharmaceutical interventions. Our study sheds light on the importance of the two lipid kinases PI4KIIIα and PIK3C2γ as well as the contribution of HCV on liver cancer progression, unraveling the signaling pathway governing this process. This preclinical study contributes to better understanding the complex connection of phospholipids, cytoskeleton and liver cancer and suggests strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes by targeting important signaling molecules.Graphical abstract
Bacterial deamidases modulate ubiquitin structure and dynamics to dysregulate ubiquitin signaling
Authors: Agrata Rashmi , Mohanty Priyesh , Ravichandran Aravind , Kumari Sanju , Varshney Nishant , Arun GS , Chauhan Kanchan , Li Jess , Chakrabarti Kalyan S. , Byrd R. Andrew , Das Ranabir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe deamidases secreted byBurkholderia pseudomalleiandEnteropathogenic Ecolimodify the residue 40 in ubiquitin from a Glutamine (Q) to Glutamate (E), triggering several downstream processes to cause cell cycle arrest and activate immune responses. Deamidation hampers the activity of ubiquitin and its interaction with ubiquitin chain receptors by an unknown mechanism. Here, we study the effect of deamidation on ubiquitin structure and dynamics. We report the crystal structure of the deamidated ubiquitin, supported by NMR and molecular dynamics simulations. The structure reveals a new intra-molecular salt bridge between the deamidated region and the C-terminal tail of ubiquitin. The salt bridge perturbs the dynamics of the ubiquitin tail to reduce affinity for ubiquitin receptors like the p62 ubiquitin-associated domain. The salt bridge disrupts the transition to catalytically active E2~Ub closed conformation. Consequently, RING E3s fail to interact with E2~Ub, reducing ubiquitination activity. Our findings reveal that deamidation-induced intramolecular salt bridges in ubiquitin modulate conformational ensembles to inactivate ubiquitination.
Dynamic enhancer interactome promotes senescence and aging
Authors: Wang Lu , Donahue Gregory , Zhang Chen , Havas Aaron , Lei Xue , Xu Caiyue , Wang Wenliang , Vahedi Golnaz , Adams Peter D. , Berger Shelley L. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryGene expression programs are regulated by enhancers which act in a context-specific manner, and can reside at great distances from their target genes. Extensive three-dimensional (3D) genome reorganization occurs in senescence, but how enhancer interactomes are reconfigured during this process is just beginning to be understood. Here we generated high-resolution contact maps of active enhancers and their target genes, assessed chromatin accessibility, and established one-dimensional maps of various histone modifications and transcription factors to comprehensively understand the regulation of enhancer configuration during senescence. Hyper-connected enhancer communities/cliques formed around genes that are highly expressed and within essential gene pathways in each cell state. In addition, motif analysis indicates the involvement of specific transcription factors in hyper-connected regulatory elements in each condition; importantly, MafK, a bZIP family transcription factor, was upregulated in senescence, and reduced expression of MafK ameliorated the senescence phenotypes. Because the accumulation of senescent cells is a key feature of aging, we further investigated enhancer connectomes in the liver of young and aged mice. Hyper-connected enhancer communities were identified during aging, which regulate essential genes that maintain cell differentiation and homeostasis. These findings reveal that hyper-connected enhancer communities correlate with high gene expression in senescence and aging and provide potential hotspots for therapeutic intervention in aging and age-associated diseases.
An inducible tricolor reporter mouse for simultaneous imaging of lysosomes, mitochondria and microtubules
Authors: Hutchison Vera , Lynch Anne , Gutierrez Gamez Andrés Mauricio , Chen Jichao 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTCell-type-specific use of the same DNA blueprint generates diverse cell types. Such diversity must also be executed via differential deployment of the same subcellular machinery. However, our understanding of the size, distribution, and dynamics of subcellular machinery in native tissues, and their connection to cellular diversity, remain limited. We generate and characterize an inducible tricolor reporter mouse, dubbed “kaleidoscope”, for simultaneous imaging of lysosomes, mitochondria and microtubules in any cell type and at a single cell resolution. The expected subcellular compartments are labeled in culture and in tissues with no impact on cellular and organismal viability. Quantitative and live imaging of the tricolor reporter captures cell-type-specific organelle features and kinetics in the lung, as well as their changes after Sendai virus infection.Yap/Tazmutant lung epithelial cells undergo accelerated lamellar body maturation, a subcellular manifestation of their molecular defects. A comprehensive toolbox of reporters for all subcellular structures is expected to transform our understanding of cell biology in tissues.SUMMARY STATEMENTOur understanding of subcellular machinery is often inferred from that in cultured cells. Hutchison et al. have generated a tricolor tunable reporter mouse for simultaneous imaging of lysosomes, mitochondria and microtubules in the native tissues at a single-cell resolution.