bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerase modRNA offers a novel RNA-based approach to treat human pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ye Jia Li , Grieger Klaudia , Lu Dongchao , Brandenberger Christina , Juchem Malte , Jordan Maria , Oehlsen Lea , Zardo Patrick , Werlein Christopher , Hesse Christina , Sewald Katherina , Tretbar Sandy , Thum Thomas , Chatterjee Shambhabi , Bär Christian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a life-threatening illness that is characterized by progressive scarring in the lung interstitium. There is an urgent need for new PF therapies because current treatments only slow down the progression of fibrosis and the median life expectancy post-diagnosis is only 4 to 6 years. Since PF patients frequently exhibit telomere attrition, overexpressing telomerase, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing telomeres represents a compelling therapeutic option. In this study, wein vitrotranscribed human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA using modified nucleosides (modRNA). ModRNA hTERT treatment led to transient activation of telomerase activity in a dose-dependent manner in MRC-5 cells and, importantly, in primary human alveolar type II pneumocytes (ATII cells). Consequently, the proliferative capacity was increased, concomitant with reduced DNA damage and elongated telomere length. Notably, induction of cellular immune response was only detectable at the highest modRNA concentration, and returned to normal levels within 48 hours. Next, we demonstrated that circularized, exonuclease-resistant modRNA hTERT extended the transient expression profile which may be clinically advantageous. Finally, we provided therapeutic proof of concept in organotypic 3Dex vivohuman precision-cut lung slices derived from end-stage PF patients. Intriguingly, a single modRNA hTERT treatment inhibited senescence as indicated by significantly lower levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and pro-inflammatory IL6 and IL8. Concurrently, the key fibrosis mediators TGFβ and COL1A1 were markedly reduced.In conclusion, the data presented herein provide initial evidence for the potential of RNA-based hTERT therapy for treating human lung fibrosis.
Pseudogenes Document Protracted Parallel Regression of Oral Anatomy in Myrmecophagous Mammals
Authors: Emerling Christopher A. , Teullet Sophie , Allio Rémi , Gatesy John , Springer Mark S. , Delsuc Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdaptation to ant and/or termite consumption (myrmecophagy) in mammals constitutes a textbook example of convergent evolution, being independently derived in several mammalian lineages. Myrmecophagous species are characterized by striking convergent morphological adaptations such as skull elongation, enlargement of salivary glands, and long claws to dig into ant and termite nests. These evolutionary modifications also include anatomical regression, such as dental simplification or loss, reduction of masticatory muscles, and possessing a reduced set of taste buds. To gain insights into the molecular changes underlying the regression of these morpho-anatomical traits, we investigated the functionality of candidate genes related to dentition, gustation, and mastication in nine convergent myrmecophagous mammalian lineages. We examined these genes in a comparative phylogenetic context, paired with molecular evolutionary analyses, to estimate the relative timing of loss of gene function over the evolutionary history of each convergent lineage. We found that gustatory reduction and pseudogenization of masticatory myosin often were associated with the regression of dental genes. Evidence of pseudogenization events linked to oral anatomy dates to as early as the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, and is an ongoing process including examples of incipient gene inactivations. Whereas we found evidence for gene inactivations across all three functional categories occurring during distinct temporal intervals, there was variation in the sets of genes lost and the relative timing of inactivation events. The combined evidence suggests that the convergent evolution of myrmecophagy has occurred as a protracted process with distinct phases of anatomical evolution, over timescales as long as 60 Myr.
Surface Expansion Regionalization of the Hippocampus in Early Brain Development
Authors: Wang Ya , Chen Liangjun , Wu Zhengwang , Hung Sheng-Che , Smith J. Keith , Wang Li , Tengfei Li , Lin Weili , Li Gang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe hippocampal formation is implicated in a myriad of crucial functions, particularly centered around memory and emotion, with distinct subdivisions fulfilling specific roles. However, there is no consensus on the spatial organization of these subdivisions, given that the functional connectivity and gene expression-based parcellation along its longitudinal axis differs from the histology-based parcellation along its medial-lateral axis. The dynamic nonuniform surface expansion of the hippocampus during early development reflects the underlying changes of microstructure and functional connectivity, providing important clues on hippocampal subdivisions. Moreover, the thin and convoluted properties bring out the hippocampal maturity largely in the form of expanding surface area. We thus unprecedentedly explore the development-based surface area regionalization and patterns of the hippocampus by leveraging 513 high-quality longitudinal MRI scans during the first two postnatal years. Our findings imply two discrete hippocampal developmental patterns, featuring one pattern of subdivisions along the anterior-posterior axis (head, regions 1 and 5; body, regions 2, 4, 6, and 7; tail, region 3) and the other one along the medial-lateral axis (subiculum, regions 4, 5, and 6; CA fields, regions 1, 2, and 7). Most of the resulting 7 subdivisions exhibit region-specific and nonlinear spatiotemporal surface area expansion patterns with an initial high growth, followed by a transition to low increase. Each subregion displays bilaterally symmetric pattern. The medial portion of the hippocampal head experiences the most rapid surface area expansion. These results provide important references for exploring the fine-grained organization and development of the hippocampus and its intricate cognitions.
Distinct prelimbic cortex ensembles encode response execution and inhibition
Authors: Madangopal Rajtarun , Zhao Yuan , Heins Conor , Zhou Jingfeng , Liang Bo , Barbera Giovanni , Lam Ka Chun , Komer Lauren E. , Weber Sophia J , Thompson Drake J , Gera Yugantar , Pham Diana Q , Savell Katherine E , Warren Brandon L , Caprioli Daniele , Venniro Marco , Bossert Jennifer M. , Ramsey Leslie A , Jedema Hank P. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey , Lin Da-Ting , Shaham Yavin , Pereira Francisco , Hope Bruce T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLearning when to initiate or withhold actions is essential for survival and requires integration of past experiences with new information to adapt to changing environments. While stable prelimbic cortex (PL) ensembles have been identified during reward learning, it remains unclear how they adapt when contingencies shift. Does the same ensemble adjust its activity to support behavioral suppression upon reward omission, or is a distinct ensemble recruited for this new learning? We used single-cell calcium imaging to longitudinally track PL neurons in rats across operant food reward Training, Extinction and Reinstatement, trained rat-specific decoders to predict trial-wise behavior, and implemented anin-silicodeletion approach to characterize ensemble contributions to behavior. We show that operant training and extinction recruit distinct PL ensembles that encode response execution and inhibition, and that both ensembles are re-engaged and maintain their roles during Reinstatement. These findings highlight ensemble-based encoding of multiple learned associations within a region, with selective ensemble recruitment supporting behavioral flexibility under changing contingencies.
Implementation and investigation of electron-nucleus scattering in the neut neutrino event generator
Authors: Abe Seisho 
Published: February 2025

Understanding nuclear effects is essential for improving the sensitivity of neutrino oscillation measurements. Validating nuclear models solely through neutrino scattering data is challenging due to limited statistics and the broad energy spectrum of neutrinos. In contrast, electron scattering experiments provide abundant high-precision data with various monochromatic energies and angles. Since both neutrinos and electrons interact via electroweak interactions, the same nuclear models can be applied to simulate both interactions. Thus, high-precision electron scattering data is essential for validating the nuclear models used in neutrino experiments. To enable this, the author has introduced a new electron scattering framework in the neutrino event generator, covering two interaction modes: quasielastic (QE) and single pion production. predictions of QE agree well with numerical calculations, supporting the validity of this implementation. From comparisons with predictions and inclusive electron scattering data, the momentum-dependent removal energy correction is derived, addressing effects beyond the plane wave impulse approximation. This correction is applied to neutrino interactions, observing significant changes in charged lepton kinematics. Notably, the reconstructed neutrino energy distribution shows a peak shift of approximately 20–30 MeV, which is crucial for accurately measuring neutrino oscillation parameters.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Postprocessing subtraction of tilt-to-length noise in LISA in the presence of gravitational wave signals
Authors: Hartig M.-S. , Paczkowski S. , Hewitson M. , Heinzel G. , Wanner G. 
Published: February 2025

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be the first space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory. It will measure gravitational wave signals in the frequency regime from 0.1 mHz to 1 Hz. The success of these measurements will depend on the suppression of the various instrument noises. One important noise source in LISA will be tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling. Here, it is understood as the coupling of angular jitter, predominantly from the spacecraft, into the interferometric length readout. The current plan is to subtract this noise in flight in postprocessing as part of a noise minimization strategy. It is crucial to distinguish TTL coupling well from the GW signals in the same readout to ensure that the noise will be properly modeled. Furthermore, it is important that the subtraction of TTL noise will not degrade the GW signals. In the present manuscript, we show on simulated LISA data and for four different GW signal types that the GW responses have little effect on the quality of the TTL coupling fit and subtraction. Also, the GW signal characteristics were not altered by the TTL coupling subtraction.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Magnetic x-ray spectroscopy of Gd-doped EuO thin films
Authors: Arnold E. L. , Riley J. M. , Duffy L. B. , Figueroa A. I. , Held R. , Shen K. M. , Schlom D. G. , King P. D. C. , Hoesch M. , van der Laan G. , Hesjedal T. 
Published: February 2025

We present a detailed x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of the magnetic properties of Gd-doped EuO thin films, synthesized via molecular-beam epitaxy with Gd doping levels up to over 12%. The impact of Gd doping on the electronic and magnetic behavior of EuO is studied using XMCD and magnetometry. Gd doping significantly enhances the Curie temperature (TC) from 69 K in undoped EuO to over 120 K, driven by increased carrier density, while preserving the high quality of the single-crystalline films. At higher doping levels, a plateau in TC is observed, which is attributed to the formation of Eu-Gd nearest-neighbor pairs that limit dopant activation. We also observe a distinctive “double-dome” structure in the temperature-dependent magnetization, which we attribute to both the ferromagnetic ordering of Eu 4f moments at lower temperatures and the influence of conduction electrons via 4f−5d exchange interactions at higher temperatures. These findings provide key insights into the mechanisms of carrier-induced magnetic transitions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Founding team gender diversity and social entrepreneurship: implications for venture growth and equity acquisition
Authors: Taferner Julia , Leitner Karl-Heinz 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study addresses the intersection of team gender composition, social entrepreneurship and new venture performance, aiming to understand the unique dynamics shaping these areas. The authors discuss why female and diverse founding teams often gravitate toward social ventures and explore the relevance of this phenomenon. By investigating the impact on new venture performance, this study examines the effect of team diversity in the context of social entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a survey among new ventures in Austria. Data from 326 new ventures were analyzed using linear and logistic regression analysis. Drawing on gender role theory, the effect of diverse and female founding teams on the amount of acquired external capital was tested, emphasizing how social goals may serve as a signaling mechanism to investors.FindingsIn line with gender role theory, the study confirms that female and diverse founding teams are more inclined to establish social ventures. While the authors find empirical support for this assertion, there was no evidence found for a second assertion by the gender role theory stating that social entrepreneurship can specifically reduce gender bias with respect to external equity funding of new ventures. Contrary to expectations, the tendency of female and diverse founding teams to prioritize social goals hinders their ability to secure external equity. Furthermore, this research indicates that gender-diverse and all-female teams achieve lower levels of employment growth compared to all-male teams. These results provide insights into the relationship between team composition and venture performance.Originality/valueAdding to gender role literature, this research expands the current understanding of how team gender diversity and social entrepreneurship affect venture performance. The study indicates a high prevalence of social entrepreneurship among gender-diverse teams and highlights specific challenges faced by female and gender-diverse founding teams. The findings underpin the need for a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by female and gender-diverse teams in the entrepreneurship area. By addressing these dynamics, the study offers valuable insights and recommendations for policymakers, investors and entrepreneurs, laying a foundation for future research into promoting gender equality and fostering inclusive entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Public strategic leaders and their reflective practice in accelerated times: a narrative exploration of a utopic story
Authors: Van der Steen Barbara , Van Saane Joke , Van Dijk Gerda 
Published: February 2025

PurposeIn the leadership debate, one of the questions for public leaders nowadays is how to reflect and experience meaning in these complex and accelerated times. This article compares three dominant theoretical narratives with the narratives of public strategic leaders in practice. The statement in literature is that leaders in organisations need to create time to reflect on “creating meaning” with others as an answer to the adaptive challenges. The limitation of these studies is that they do not explore leaders’ experiences in practice. We fill this gap by examining the experiences of public strategic leaders and exploring the implications.Design/methodology/approachWe qualitatively explore the narratives of 25 public strategic leaders using interviews, group dialogues and surveys.FindingsThe central finding is a problematic gap between theory and practice. This is a concern because of the utopic ideology of reflectivity, which does not consider the forces present in political and bureaucratic organisations and the leaders’ perceptions of their role and position. The narrative exploration shows a pattern of leaders trying “to do good”, avoiding disruptions caused by doubts, emotions or intuitions.Practical implicationsThe narratives of public strategic leaders show three persistent ideologies putting pressure on their reflective space in daily practice. These narratives offer a starting point for public organisations regarding the reflective practices of strategic leaders.Originality/valueThis article opens a debate about leadership and reflectivity paradigms in theory and practice. It offers a reality check for leaders’ and coaches’ daily practices, as opposed to the often utopic theories.
Theory of Islamic reaction action: a new approach to use the Islamic service of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Novi , Hidayat Sutan Emir , Ab Aziz Norazlin , Muhsyi Abdul , Prihatini Dewi 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
The Indonesian Government has a vision to make Indonesia the center of the World’s Islamic Economy and Finance. Based on this vision, the government must provide and facilitate all economic and financial activities with the Islamic system, including BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. This study aims to explore the factors determining the intention to use Islamic services in the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program.

Design/methodology/approach
The researcher adopted an interpretive philosophy with a phenomenological approach to investigate the life experiences of informants. The determination of informants using the purposive method with 10 interviewees from nine companies representing companies in Jember, Pasuruan and Sidoarjo Branch, East Java province, Indonesia. This study used an in-depth interview method with a semi-structured interview approach to collect the data.

Findings
Variables of Islamic values, Islamic financial literacy (IFL), Islamic religiosity and internal and external factors influence the participants’ intention to use Sharia services of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan programs. Islamic values are measured by blessing and justice, and the measurement of IFL uses knowledge. Religiosity is related to the measurement of Godly values that exist in individuals. Meanwhile, researchers found internal factors related to the measurement of service quality, program benefits, choice flexibility of investment-based programs and external factors using subjective norm measurement, namely, the influence of companies and friends. The theory of Islamic reasoned action (TIRA) and the indicators of each variable are successfully created by researchers from a combination of TRA concepts and findings in the field.

Practical implications
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan institution can implement TIRA as a basis for expanding research across all of its branch offices in Indonesia to obtain national data related to participants’ intentions in using Islamic services so that service provision can be realized immediately.

Originality/value
This research is a pioneer in exploring the plan to implement the Islamic service of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Indonesia and success in creating the TIRA, a new approach to examining the determinants of intention to choose or use goods and services provided by companies with an Islamic concept.
Decarbonizing Egypt’s energy sector: pathways for an accelerated energy transition
Authors: Abdelmeguid Nivin , M. Ibrahiem Dalia 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study aims to identify decarbonization pathways and energy mix scenarios of least global warming potential that address Egypt’s growing energy demand, while transitioning away from reliance on fossil fuel towards a more sustainable energy landscape.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized an integrated modelling approach, namely the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system, to simulate Egypt’s energy demand and supply from 2010 to 2050. Four alternative scenarios were examined. The reference scenario, RS1, replicates the energy demand and supply change patterns of the model’s baseline until 2050. The reference scenario, RS2, considers 5% yearly growth in energy demand alongside integrating nuclear technology into the generation mix. In addition to two renewables-promotion scenarios, RE1 and RE2, wherein renewables contribute 42 and 75% to the energy mix by 2030 and 2050, respectively.FindingsResults revealed that greenhouse gas emissions are expected to peak in RS1 in 2050. Yet, RE2 demonstrates the lowest global warming potential. Energy generation costs are anticipated to be the highest in RS2 by 2050 and in RE2 between 2022 and 2030, reaching its lowermost point in RE2 by 2050. Moreover, natural gas is anticipated to contribute the largest share of energy generated in RS1 but the smallest share in RE2, wherein wind energy dominates energy production by 2050. Among all other scenarios, RE2 had the greatest potential to enable the achievement of net zero emissions in the long term.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this research have significant implications as they provide valuable data-driven insights into identifying mitigation scenarios that align best with Egypt’s economic development plans while also promoting sustainable energy planning. Moreover, the results hold important implications for energy policymaking in Egypt. Policymakers can utilize these insights to prioritize and channel investments towards renewable energy sources, energy efficiency measures and the adoption of clean technologies.Originality/valueThis study addresses a gap in the existing literature on Egypt’s energy landscape by introducing an integrated analysis that combines both energy demand and supply. Previous studies focused solely on demand or supply in isolation, overlooking the interconnected nature of these factors and the specific determinants of Egypt’s energy demand profile. Using a modelling approach, this study is the first in Egypt to comprehensively consider both aspects. By identifying key factors influencing Egypt’s energy demand until 2050, it provides valuable insights into the future energy landscape, evaluates economic costs, examines potential environmental impacts and presents empirical evidence on energy generation scenarios aligned with future demand and climatic factors.