bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit reconstruction of the entanglement wedge via the Petz map
Authors: Bahiru Eyoab , Vardian Niloofar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We revisit entanglement wedge reconstruction in AdS/CFT using the Petz recovery channel. In the case of a spherical region on the boundary, we show that the Petz map reproduces the AdS-Rindler HKLL reconstruction. Moreover, for a generic subregion of the boundary, we could obtain the same boundary representation of a local bulk field lies in the entanglement wedge as the one proposed earlier in [1, 2] using properties of the modular flow.
Affine algebras at infinite distance limits in the Heterotic String
Authors: Collazuol Veronica , Graña Mariana , Herráez Alvaro , De Freitas Héctor Parra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We analyze the boundaries of the moduli spaces of compactifications of the heterotic string on Td, making particular emphasis on d = 2 and its F-theory dual. We compute the OPE algebras as we approach all the infinite distance limits that correspond to (possibly partial) decompactification limits in some dual frame. When decompactifying k directions, we find infinite towers of states becoming light that enhance the algebra arising at a given point in the moduli space of the Td−k compactification to its k-loop version, where the central extensions are given by the k KK vectors. For T2 compactifications, we reproduce all the affine algebras that arise in the F-theory dual, and show all the towers explicitly, including some that are not manifest in the F-theory counterparts. Furthermore, we construct the affine SO(32) algebra arising in the full decompactification limit, both in the heterotic and in the F-theory sides, showing that not only affine algebras of exceptional type arise in the latter.
Hydro & thermo dynamics at causal boundaries, examples in 3d gravity
Authors: Adami H. , Parvizi A. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. , Taghiloo V. , Yavartanoo H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study 3-dimensional gravity on a spacetime bounded by a generic 2-dimensional causal surface. We review the solution phase space specified by 4 generic functions over the causal boundary, construct the symplectic form over the solution space and the 4 boundary charges and their algebra. The boundary charges label boundary degrees of freedom. Three of these charges extend and generalize the Brown-York charges to the generic causal boundary, are canonical conjugates of boundary metric components and naturally give rise to a fluid description at the causal boundary. Moreover, we show that the boundary charges besides the causal boundary hydrodynamic description, also admit a thermodynamic description with a natural (geometric) causal boundary temperature and angular velocity. When the causal boundary is the asymptotic boundary of the 3d AdS or flat space, the hydrodynamic description respectively recovers an extension of the known conformal or conformal-Carrollian asymptotic hydrodynamics. When the causal boundary is a generic null surface, we recover the null surface thermodynamics of [1] which is an extension of the usual black hole thermodynamics description.
Development and external validation of a prediction model for the transition from mild to moderate or severe form of COVID-19
Authors: Zysman Maéva , Asselineau Julien , Saut Olivier , Frison Eric , Oranger Mathilde , Maurac Arnaud , Charriot Jeremy , Achkir Rkia , Regueme Sophie , Klein Emilie , Bommart Sébastien , Bourdin Arnaud , Dournes Gael , Casteigt Julien , Blum Alain , Ferretti Gilbert , Degano Bruno , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Chabot Francois , Berger Patrick , Laurent Francois , Benlala Ilyes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
COVID-19 pandemic seems to be under control. However, despite the vaccines, 5 to 10% of the patients with mild disease develop moderate to critical forms with potential lethal evolution. In addition to assess lung infection spread, chest CT helps to detect complications. Developing a prediction model to identify at-risk patients of worsening from mild COVID-19 combining simple clinical and biological parameters with qualitative or quantitative data using CT would be relevant to organizing optimal patient management.

Methods
Four French hospitals were used for model training and internal validation. External validation was conducted in two independent hospitals. We used easy-to-obtain clinical (age, gender, smoking, symptoms’ onset, cardiovascular comorbidities, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, immunosuppression) and biological parameters (lymphocytes, CRP) with qualitative or quantitative data (including radiomics) from the initial CT in mild COVID-19 patients.

Results
Qualitative CT scan with clinical and biological parameters can predict which patients with an initial mild presentation would develop a moderate to critical form of COVID-19, with a c-index of 0.70 (95% CI 0.63; 0.77). CT scan quantification improved the performance of the prediction up to 0.73 (95% CI 0.67; 0.79) and radiomics up to 0.77 (95% CI 0.71; 0.83). Results were similar in both validation cohorts, considering CT scans with or without injection.

Conclusion
Adding CT scan quantification or radiomics to simple clinical and biological parameters can better predict which patients with an initial mild COVID-19 would worsen than qualitative analyses alone. This tool could help to the fair use of healthcare resources and to screen patients for potential new drugs to prevent a pejorative evolution of COVID-19.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT04481620.

Clinical relevance statement
CT scan quantification or radiomics analysis is superior to qualitative analysis, when used with simple clinical and biological parameters, to determine which patients with an initial mild presentation of COVID-19 would worsen to a moderate to critical form.

Key Points
• Qualitative CT scan analyses with simple clinical and biological parameters can predict which patients with an initial mild COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms would worsen with a c-index of 0.70.
• Adding CT scan quantification improves the performance of the clinical prediction model to an AUC of 0.73.
• Radiomics analyses slightly improve the performance of the model to a c-index of 0.77.
TRI-SCORE is superior to EuroSCORE II and STS-Score in mortality prediction following transcatheter edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Friedl Sophia , Ouerghemmi Dhia , Tadic Marijana , Bruß Elene , Felbel Dominik , Paukovitsch Michael , Schneider Leonhard M. , Dahme Tillman , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Markovic Sinisa , Keßler Mirjam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The development of transcatheter tricuspid edge-to-edge repair for tricuspid regurgitation is a therapeutic milestone but a specific periprocedural risk assessment tool is lacking. TRI-SCORE has recently been introduced as a dedicated risk score for tricuspid valve surgery.

Aims
This study analyzes the predictive performance of TRI-SCORE following transcatheter edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair.

Methods
180 patients who underwent transcatheter tricuspid valve repair at Ulm University Hospital were consecutively included and stratified into three TRI-SCORE risk groups. The predictive performance of TRI-SCORE was assessed throughout a follow-up period of 30 days and up to 1 year.

Results
All patients had severe tricuspid regurgitation. Median EuroSCORE II was 6.4% (IQR 3.8–10.1%), median STS-Score 8.1% (IQR 4.6–13.4%) and median TRI-SCORE 6.0 (IQR 4.0–7.0). 64 patients (35.6%) were in the low TRI-SCORE group, 91 (50.6%) in the intermediate and 25 (13.9%) in the high-risk groups. The procedural success rate was 97.8%. 30-day mortality was 0% in the low-risk group, 1.3% in the intermediate-risk and 17.4% in the high-risk groups (p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 168 days mortality was 0%, 3.8% and 52.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The predictive performance of TRI-SCORE was excellent (AUC for 30-day mortality: 90.3%, for one-year mortality: 93.1%) and superior to EuroSCORE II (AUC 56.6% and 64.4%, respectively) and STS-Score (AUC 61.0% and 59.0%, respectively).

Conclusion
TRI-SCORE is a valuable tool for prediction of mortality after transcatheter edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair and its performance is superior to EuroSCORE II and STS-Score.

Graphical abstract
Whole Genome Sequencing in Advanced Lung Cancer can be Performed Using Diff-Quik Cytology Smears Derived from Endobronchial Ultrasound, Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS TBNA)
Authors: Fielding David , Dalley Andrew J. , Singh Mahendra , Nandakumar Lakshmy , Lakis Vanessa , Chittoory Haarika , Fairbairn David , Ferguson Kaltin , Bashirzadeh Farzad , Bint Michael , Pahoff Carl , Son Jung Hwa , Hodgson Alan , Pearson John V. , Waddell Nicola , Lakhani Sunil R. , Hartel Gunter , Nones Katia , Simpson Peter T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Maximising alternative sample types for genomics in advanced lung cancer is important because bronchoscopic samples may sometimes be insufficient for this purpose. Further, the clinical applications of comprehensive molecular analysis such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) are rapidly developing. Diff-Quik cytology smears from EBUS TBNA is an alternative source of DNA, but its feasibility for WGS has not been previously demonstrated.

Methods
Diff-Quik smears were collected along with research cell pellets.

Results
Tumour content of smears were compared to research cell pellets from 42 patients, which showed good correlation (Spearman correlation 0.85, P < 0.0001). A subset of eight smears underwent WGS, which presented similar mutation profiles to WGS of the matched cell pellet. DNA yield was predicted using a regression equation of the smears cytology features, which correctly predicted DNA yield > 1500 ng in 7 out of 8 smears.

Conclusions
WGS of commonly collected Diff-Quik slides is feasible and their DNA yield can be predicted.
Comparison of definitions of coronary artery reference sizes and effects on stent selection and evaluation of stent expansion
Authors: Andreasen Lene Nyhus , Christiansen Evald Høj , Mogensen Lone Juul Hune , Holm Niels Ramsing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate determination of coronary reference size is essential for optimal stent selection and evaluation of stent expansion during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Several approaches for reference size estimation have been published with no universal agreement. The aim of this study was to investigate if potential differences in coronary reference size estimation lead to differences in stent and balloon selection and in detection of stent under expansion. Definitions for coronary reference size estimation, stent size selection, and stent expansion were identified in 17 randomized controlled trials. The identified methods were applied in a population of 32 clinical cases. Reference size estimates ranged up to 1.35mm, and indicated nominal stent size ranged up to 1.0 mm in the same case depending on method. Mean relative stent expansion ranged from 54±12% to mean 100±29% depending on the applied reference method. Choice of method for reference size estimation using intravascular imaging may influence stent selection and greatly affects evaluation of post-PCI stent expansion.
Pearls and Pitfalls of Isolating Rat OPCs for In Vitro Culture with Different Methods
Authors: Janowska Justyna , Gargas Justyna , Sypecka Joanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are several in vitro models to study the biology of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The use of models based on induced pluripotent stem cells or oligodendrocyte-like cell lines has many advantages but raises significant questions, such as inaccurate reproduction of neural tissue or genetic instability. Moreover, in a specific case of studying the biology of neonatal OPCs, it is particularly difficult to find good representative model, due to the unique metabolism and features of these cells, as well as neonatal brain tissue. The following study evaluates two methods of isolating OPCs from rat pups as a model for in vitro studies. The first protocol is a modification of the classical mixed glial culture with series of shakings applied to isolate the fraction of OPCs. The second protocol is based on direct cell sorting and uses magnetic microbeads that target the surface antigen of the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell—A2B5. We compared the performance of these methods and analyzed the purity of obtained cultures as well as oligodendrocyte differentiation. Although the yield of OPCs collected with these two methods is similar, both have their advantages and disadvantages. The OPCs obtained with both methods give rise to mature oligodendrocytes within a few days of culture in ITS-supplemented serum-free medium and a 5% O2 atmosphere (mimicking the endogenous oxygen conditions of the nervous tissue).
Graphical Abstract
Methods for isolating rat OPCs In the following study we compared methods for isolating neonatal rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, for the studies on the in vitro model of neonatal brain injuries. We evaluated the purity of obtained cell cultures and the ability to maturate in physiological normoxia and serum-free culture medium.
Early hatchery protocols for tetrasporogenesis of the antimethanogenic seaweed Asparagopsis armata
Authors: Mihaila Alisa A. , Lawton Rebecca J. , Glasson Christopher R. K. , Magnusson Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe red alga Asparagopsis armata is an emerging aquaculture-target species due to its application as an antimethanogenic feed ingredient in ruminants, yet information on A. armata reproduction and cultivation is currently lacking. We therefore quantified the effects of temperature, irradiance, nutrients, and photoperiod, and addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs; indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) on tetrasporogenesis in domesticated A. armata that had been maintained under controlled conditions (18 °C, 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod) for 18 months prior to experimentation. Tetrasporogenesis was only induced at 5 and 15 µmol photons m−2 s−1 under an 8 h light:16 h dark photoperiod with 3.5 mg nitrogen L−1 and tetraspore release was 28-fold greater at 18 °C compared to 15 °C after 28 days of exposure. After 29 days, tetraspore release and germination rate both declined. All PGR treatments prevented tetrasporogenesis. This study is the first to provide the detail and framework necessary to enable A. armata hatchery development. We conclude that tetrasporogenesis was most likely induced in response to a significant reduction in photoperiod rather than as a result of replicating seasonal environmental conditions, and that temperature played a key role in determining reproductive output. With overall higher tetraspore release and a consistent germination rate of > 90%, we recommend exposing tetrasporophyte biomass to 18 °C, 15 µmol photons m−2 s−1 and 3.5 mg nitrogen L−1 under an 8 h L:16 h D photoperiod for up to 29 days to obtain a reliable supply of tetraspores for seeding onto ropes for transfer to the hatchery phase.
The impact of COVID-19 on online music listening behaviors in light of listeners’ social interactions
Authors: Ghaffari Mona , Khan Gohar F. , Singh Shivendu Pratap , Ferwerda Bruce 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the global changes in online music listening behaviors in response to COVID-19 and its restrictions (such as quarantine, school and workplace closures, and travel restrictions). In addition, the research included an examination of how friendship networks and online communication motives have moderated the effect of COVID-19 on music listening behaviors. The causal inference methods: difference in differences (DiD) and two-way fixed effects (TWFE), were conducted to analyze the online music listening behaviors and social interactions of 37,328 Last.fm users in 45 countries before and after the first wave of confinement. It was found that in response to COVID-19, the quantity, variety, and novelty of music consumption decreased, shifting toward mainstream artists, whereas individuals with more online social connections and communications showed the reverse behavior. Our research shows that online social interactions and community development significantly impact listeners’ behaviors and can be used as a guide to developing new design strategies for digital media, such as music, movies, and games.
Government externalities
Authors: Trantidis Aris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGovernments are expected to tackle externalities such as pollution, epidemics and environmental catastrophes, but whether and how governments themselves generate externalities is a question equally important for exploring socially beneficial policies and institutional reforms. The problem with defining government externalities is that governments, through regulation and distribution, inevitably allocate costs and benefits asymmetrically due to preference heterogeneity in society. This problem also concerns the rules and rights governing market transactions, blurring the boundaries between market failure and government failure. In this paper, I define government externalities as costs passed on us by government actions taken outside a decision-making system in which we participate as insiders. Views about what being an insider is differ. Some will be content with democratic citizenship in majoritarian decision-making processes. Others may subscribe to Buchanan and Tullock’s liberal and more demanding normative theory based on constitutional consent. In either case, I argue, there will be externalities generated by clientelism, namely informal deals between politicians and special interests for the distribution of benefits that occur outside, and in violation of, the formal norms of participation. These are complex externalities, infiltrating policymaking and distorting institutions governing the operation of markets too. They create government failure on the same grounds that some market externalities are considered market failure: (a) the costs fall on outsiders and (b) negatively affect the terms for the production and exchange of goods and services. Government externalities influence both governance and markets simultaneously and illustrate the limits of what institutional design can constrain or achieve.
Nudging Voters and Encouraging Pre-commitment: Beyond Mandatory Turnout
Authors: Pedersen Viki M. L. , Thaysen Jens Damgaard , Albertsen Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe discussion on mandatory turnout, which controversially introduces coercion at the heart of the electoral process, illustrates a dilemma between increasing voter turnout on the one hand and avoiding coercion on the other. If successful, a recent proposal by Elliott solves this dilemma as it removes the compulsory element of mandatory turnout. Specifically, Elliot reinterprets the policy’s purpose as (a) a pre-commitment device for those who believe that they have a duty to vote and (b) a nudge to the surveillance of politics for those who do not believe this. We critically evaluate Elliott’s novel intervention in the debate and argue that it is ultimately unsuccessful. Mandatory turnout can be interpreted as neither a pre-commitment device nor a nudge. Moreover, we present a more promising and novel solution to the dilemma: a genuine state-administered pre-commitment device with respect to voting that also nudges citizens to vote and seems prima facie attractive.
Bioavailability of bioactive phytochemicals in selected tissues and excreta from goats fed hempseed cake (Cannabis sativa L.) finisher diets
Authors: Semwogerere Farouk , Chikwanha Obert C. , Katiyatiya Chenaimoyo L. F. , Marufu Munyaradzi C. , Mapiye Cletos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHempseeds are rich in bioactive phytochemicals,
yet little is known about their bioavailability in tissues and excreta of animals fed hemp seed cake. The study evaluated the bioactive phytochemicals and their antioxidant activity in the blood, liver, meat, feces, and urine from goats fed finishing diets containing graded inclusions of hempseed cake (HSC). Twenty-five wether goats (26.8 ± 2.9 kg) of 4–5 months were randomly allocated to five experimental diets containing increasing levels of HSC (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 g/kg DM) substituted for soybean meal (SBM) as the main protein source. Goats were allowed for period of 21 days for adaptation, and blood, fecal, and urine samples were collected on the 28th day of the experiment. The liver and right longissimus thoracis et lumborum were respectively collected at 60 min and 24 h after slaughter. Linear increases (P ≤ 0.05) in blood, liver, and urine magnesium; fecal manganese; and fecal copper were observed with increasing HSC inclusion in the diet. Liver and fecal selenium exhibited a decreasing linear trend (P ≤ 0.05) with HSC increment in diets. Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) meat and urine mineral contents, except urine magnesium. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) of the blood, liver, and meat linearly increased (P ≤ 0.05) with dietary inclusion of HSC. Blood and liver ferric reducing antioxidant power quadratically increased (P ≤ 0.05) with HSC inclusion reaching a maximum at 50 g/kg dry matter. Current results suggest that inclusion of HSC up to 100 g/kg substituting SBM in goat diets can improve bioavailability of bioactive phytochemicals in the blood, liver, and meat.
Plastic impurities in biowaste treatment: environmental and economic life cycle assessment of a composting plant
Authors: Bottausci Sara , Magrini Chiara , Tuci Giulia Adele , Bonoli Alessandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study focuses on an Italian composting plant and aims to investigate the impact of the presence of plastic impurities in the collected biowaste on the environmental and economic performance of the plant. The study is divided into two main steps: firstly, a material flow analysis was conducted to quantify the number of impurities (e.g., conventional plastics and compostable plastics) before and after the composting process. Secondly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a complementary life cycle costing (LCC) of the composting process were conducted. The results of the material flow analysis confirmed the initial assumption that conventional plastic remains almost constant before and after the composting treatment, while compostable plastic almost disappears. As far as the life cycle analyses are concerned, the most environmentally damaging phases of the process were the shredding and mixing phases, while the operating costs (OPEX) contributed the most to the total annual costs of the company. Finally, a further scenario analysis was performed, assuming that the plastic contaminants in the treated biowaste consisted exclusively of compostable plastics. The comparison with this ideal scenario can support decision-makers to understand the potential improvements achievable by addressing the presence of plastic impurities in the biowaste. The results show that the treatment of plastic impurities causes relevant environmental and economic impacts, being responsible for 46% of the total waste to treat at the end of the process, almost 7% of the total annual costs covered by the plant owners, and about 30% of all negative externalities.