bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginal fit of endocrowns fabricated by three-dimensional printing and the conventional method: An in vitro study
Authors: Jamshidi Sina , Darabi Reza , Azarian Mohammad , Mahabadi Meysam , Nilli Monireh 
Published: April 2023

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro, experimental study evaluated 20 endocrowns, of which 10 were fabricated by 3D printing and 10 were fabricated by the conventional wax-up technique. The marginal gap was measured at 8 points under a stereomicroscope. The results were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, paired t-test, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05).

Results:
The mean marginal gap was maximum at the distal point, and minimum at the buccal point for the conventionally fabricated endocrowns with an overall mean marginal gap of 99.67 ± 4.59 μm. The mean marginal gap was maximum at the mesiobuccal and minimum at the buccal point before pressing (overall mean of 103.92 ± 2.19 μm) before pressing, and maximum at the distobuccal and minimum at the mesiobuccal point after pressing (overall mean of 117.67 ± 2.87 μm). According to paired t-test, the mean marginal gap of endocrowns fabricated by 3D printing significantly increased after pressing at all 8 points and also in general, compared with before pressing (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean marginal gap at all points was significantly greater in endocrowns fabricated by 3D printing compared with those fabricated by the conventional method (independent t-test, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the results showed that endocrowns fabricated by the conventional method had significantly superior marginal fit than those fabricated by 3D printing.

Background:
Marginal fit is a key factor in success of prosthetic restorations. This study aimed to assess and compare the marginal fit of endocrowns fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing and the conventional method.
Epidemiology and clinico-laboratory manifestations of scrub typhus in Hadoti region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Jain Pankaj , Sharma Manoj , Seval Manoj , Meena Pramod 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To study epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and laboratory parameters of scrub typhus in Hadoti region of Rajasthan, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with scrub typhus between August 2022 and November 2022. Scrub typhus was diagnosed by ELISA IgM scrub typhus antibody. The data about demography, vital parameters, and lab investigations were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Ninety-two percent of the patients were from a rural background (92%), 86% were farmers and the majority were females. Most patients were 40-60 years old. The major complaints were fever (100%), myalgia (100%), headache (82%), and body swelling (80%). Major complications were pneumonia (68%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (62%), hepatitis (44%), and acute kidney injury (42%). Triglyceride levels were >200 mg/dL in 80% of patients, albumin <3.5 g/dL in 98% and eschar mark was present in 24% of patients.

Conclusions:
Scrub typhus is a serious acute febrile illness that can lead to multi-organ dysfunction and is associated with significant mortality. Increasing awareness regarding disease in endemic regions, early screening of patients, and treatment as early as possible could help prevent the patient from severe life-threatening complications.
Invasive versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Nair Abhijit , Paul Jacob , Yadav Ajay , Al Sawafi Khalid 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To compare the survival and length of stay of invasive ventilation (IV) with those of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome in a single hospital from May 2020 to March 2021.

Methods:
After obtaining approval from the Hospital Director, the data of COVID-19 patients including demographics, type of respiratory support (non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation), duration of ventilation, length of stay, discharge, and death were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Out of the 152 patients identified, 134 patients were analyzed. The median intubation days were 10.0 (Q1: 3.5, Q3: 13.5) in the IV group and 0.0 (Q1: 0.0, Q3: 0.0) days in the NIV-only group. Out of the 101 patients who received NIV, 43 patients were subsequently intubated due to failure of NIV. Of the 63 patients (47.01%) who died, 22 (66.66%) were from the IV group and 40 (92.02%) were from the NIV-followed-by-intubation group, and 1 (1.72%) were from the NIV-only group. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of a respiratory comorbidity (OR=16.56, 95% CI=1.56-175.48, P=0.02) was an independent predictor of survival.

Conclusions:
Respiratory co-morbidity is a significant adverse predictor of survival outcome. The decision on the type of respiratory support should be made on a patient-to-patient basis.
Retrospective analysis of patients with surgically proven ovarian torsion, our experience
Authors: Shwyiat Rami , Taso Omar A. , Al-Edwan Fatima , Khreisat Basel , Al-Dubees Ammal 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To study the patients who were admitted to our hospital with surgically proven ovarian torsion and were operated for the same and to study for whom detorsion was done.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the medical records and surgical notes of 150 patients with surgically proven ovarian torsion over a 10-year period between January 2011 and January 2021 was carried out. Surgical notes included details like mode of the surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy), type of surgery (oophorectomy, detorsion, detorsion with cystectomy), whether fixation was done or not, size of mass/ovary, laterality, appearance of the torted ovary, color of the ovary, and number of twists. Histopathologic reports of the patients who underwent oophorectomy or detorsion with cystectomy were also recorded.

Results:
During the 10-year study period, 88 (58.7%) patients had undergone laparotomy and 62 (41.2%) patients had undergone laparoscopy. Detorsion with cystectomy was done in 96 (64%) cases, detorsion alone in 14 (9.3%) cases, and oophorectomy was done in 40 (26.6%) cases. There was no significant difference in terms of increase in postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic detorsion with cystectomy is the most common surgical procedure used for ovarian torsion at King Hussein Medical Center.
Motivation to quit tobacco; Impact of different types of Anti-tobacco state-sponsored media propaganda messages
Authors: Kumari Laxmi , Sood Meenakshi , Gupta Sandhya 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Antitobacco media messages can easily reach the mass and play a very positive and significant role in changing the motivational stages among recent quitters. Motivation is the key to changing human behaviour. Motivation can be intrinsic and extrinsic. To modify tobacco-related behaviour, one must have an inherent motivation to quit tobacco. However, the outside factors, for example, protobacco advertisements, antitobacco advertisements, peer pressure, celebrity influence, and family members’ influence cannot be ignored.

Method:
A total of 400 recent tobacco quitters were enrolled from four colleges via a multistage sampling method. Time series research design was used for data collection at three time periods 0, 1, and 3 months. Study participants were divided into four groups: 1) personal testimony group, 2) health warning group, 3) celebrity-influenced public service announcements, and 4) natural exposure group. Media messages containing antitobacco video clippings and pictures were delivered to the participants via phone thrice a week, as per the groups assigned. All four groups were assessed for the motivational stage via contemplation ladder at 0, 1, and 3 months of intervals.

Results:
Antitobacco personal testimonial media messages are most effective in enhancing the motivation to quit tobacco, followed by the antitobacco health warning messages, which are also proven to be effective in maintaining high motivation levels to remain abstinent from smoking. However, public service announcements are ineffective in keeping the motivation to quit tobacco at higher smoking.

Conclusion:
Overall, the antitobacco state-sponsored media messages, personal testimonials, and health warnings about tobacco products effectively maintain and enhance motivation to quit tobacco.
Epidemiology of non-communicable diseases among transgender population residing in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Prasanth Balan Krishna , Eashwar Virudhunagar Muthuprakash Anantha , Mahalakshmi Krishnan , Ramachandran Karthikeyan 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
There is a paucity of research on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart diseases among transgenders, with more importance given to diseases like HIV. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of NCDs, their risk factors and the associated factors among transgenders residing in Chennai district, Tamil Nadu.

Methodology:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done among 145 transgenders residing in the Chennai district, Tamil Nadu, selected by snowball sampling method. Data were collected by a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, anthropometric data were measured, and blood pressure was measured by a mercury sphygmomanometer using standard protocols. Data were entered in Excel software and analysed by using SPSS version 25.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 36 ± 4.2 years. Nearly 91% had only up to school education. Around 26.7% suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus, 15.1% had a history of hypertension, 36.3% were newly diagnosed hypertensives, and 13.9% were overweight/obese. Almost 40% were either current tobacco or alcohol consumers. There was a statistically significant association found between overweight/obesity and education, work, and income of study participants.

Conclusion:
The high prevalence of NCDs among the study participants warrants health education among transgenders to get screened for common NCDs. Further research is needed to understand the risks of NCDs among transgenders.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk assessment among Alrass city employees, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Wahbi Muath Fahad , Al-fahhad Noor Mohammed 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease that can affect all parts of human body and associated with short-term and long-term complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Age, obesity, family history, and hypertension are considered to be the most common risk factors for the incidence of DM. This study aimed to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes among governmental employee in Alrass city in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was done using health professional-administrated questionnaire. Two groups of data collectors were formed and trained to fill out the questionnaire, each group was consist of 1 family medicine doctor and 4 nurses. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS v. 26.

Results:
A total of 527 subjects participated in our study with a response rate of 100%. Of them, more than half (55%) were females. Approximately all of our participants were Saudi 92% regarding age, more than three quarters (79.5%) were aged less than 45 years, 15.6% were ranged from 45 to 50 years, and 4.9% were from 55 to 64 years. We reported no significant correlation between gender and nationality regarding the risk of DM.

Conclusion:
Saudi females who aged less than 45 years and obese participants had a risk for developing DM.
Psychological distress and related factors regarding COVID-19 among the ancillary hospital staff: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Goel Kapil , Singh Gurmeet , Arora Yogesh , Goel Parul , Aggarwal Arun Kumar , Sen Arunima , Kumar Krishan , Bhogal Ranjitpal Singh , Thakur JS , Singh Amarjeet , Sharma Nikita 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the front line of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak response. They have faced great risks to both physical and mental health. We aimed to assess the psychological effect of COVID-19 among ancillary hospital staff.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 267 on-duty ancillary hospital staff using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess their psychological status and risk perception. In addition, their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) and risk perception were also assessed. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to screen for psychological distress.

Results:
Among 267 participants, the mean (±SD) age was 33.5 (7.6) years. The majority knew about the symptoms of COVID-19 (88.4%), droplet spread (99.3%), and the importance of isolation (99.3%). About 35.2% were worried about infecting family members, while 26.2% were worried about colleagues at the frontline. Only 38.9% of them had a good knowledge score. Participants with high school and above education level had significantly good knowledge about COVID-19 (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.17- 3.39) than those with primary school or below. Being female (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.17-3.39) and working with COVID-19 patients (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.77-8.47, P = 0.001) was associated with psychological distress.

Conclusion:
The ancillary hospital staff had insufficient knowledge regarding the risk factors of COVID-19 but possessed positive attitudes and practices. Continued health education and appropriate psychological interventions may improve understanding and reduce psychological distress.
A Community-based Cross-sectional Study on Out-of-pocket Expenditure for Coronavirus Disease Patients in Urban Slums, Bengaluru Rural
Authors: Sunil Kumar D. R. , Hulugappa Lakshmi , Vidya R. , Manjula S. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused unprecedented harm to humanity and economies worldwide. A study of economic impact of COVID-19 patients in urban slums is limited.

Aims:
Hence, this study was undertaken to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), and compare amongst admissions in public and private hospitals and home isolation of COVID-19 patients.

Patients and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in urban slums under the urban field practice area of a medical college between September 2021 and November 2021. Data from 108 COVID-19 patients were collected by a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire by interview method.

Results:
The mean age of respondents was 41.99 ± 10.49. The most common symptom was fever 91.6%, followed by cough 69.4%. History of travel was present in 64% and contact with family member was 69%. The mean OOPE for COVID-19 disease was 36756 INR per patient. Overall, the mean direct cost for COVID-19 admission was 29143 INR and mean indirect cost was 7529.62 INR. On applying Krushkal Wallis test, OOPE for direct cost on COVID-19 patient hospital admission, lab investigations, medications was H=65.85, 53.52, 28.98 with P value< 0.05 respectively and was found statististically significant. Similarly for Indirect cost, Loss of wages, travel expenses of the patient and attenders was H=10.45, 31.23 respectively and was found to be statistically significant at P <0.05. Overall the mean direct cost with government, private, home isolation COVID-19 patients was highly significant χ2 = 33.92, P = 0.000, and mean indirect cost χ2 = 9.48, P = 0.002.

Conclusions:
The OOPE for COVID-19 disease was high. The direct and indirect cost in government facility was minimal. The government's timely response to the pandemic was able to reduce the costs to the patients or else the economic burden would be higher.
Determining the best anti-microbial properties of dental cements used for pulp capping procedures using deep dentinal carious material
Authors: Makarla Soumya , Venugopal Reshma , Bavle Radhika M. , Selvan Arul K. , Muniswamappa Sudhakara S. , Dinesh Rathidevi 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The exposure of the healthy pulp in cases of deep dentinal caries (DDC) that contain carious microorganisms can be prevented by placing a layer of pulp capping agent on the affected dentin. The cements used for pulp-capping should also ensure good anti-microbial properties. The present study was carried out to detect the antimicrobial efficacy of the commonly used cements by culturing the samples directly from DDC.

Aims:
To determine the efficacy of dental cements in the growth inhibition of microorganisms involved in DDC using direct contact anaerobic culture test.

Method:
100 samples of DDC were collected in RTF. Ten microliters of the specimen containing RTF was incubated in thioglycolate broth consisting of 1 mm3 cement blocks of GIC, CaOH2, ZnOE and MTA anaerobically for 24 hours. This was further sub-cultured using selective media for streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. Growth inhibition was measured by calculating the number of CFUs and statistically analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests.

Results:
Tests showed variation in the anti-microbial effects of the cements and was highly significant at P < 0.001. Bifidobacterium showed most number of CFUs. MTA was the most effective pulp capping agent exhibiting 87.13% reduction in microbial growth, followed closely by ZnOE (84.6%).

Conclusion:
A conservative approach to treat DDC is the need of the hour which calls for the use of pulp capping cements of good antimicrobial efficacy. The current study revealed bifidobacterium to be the most prevalent in DDC and the cement that would best inhibit the mixed culture growth was MTA followed closely by ZnOE.
Markers of cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage in Diabesity
Authors: Tandon Ankita , Gulati Nikita , Singh Narendra Nath 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The oral mucous membrane is particularly sensitive to certain types of systemic disorders such as anemia, vitamin deficiencies, infectious diseases, hormonal disturbances and can be objectively reproduced through definite measurements using cytomorphometry.

Objectives:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes in cytological buccal smears of obese individuals with type II diabetes (Group 1 = 20), obese individuals without type II diabetes (Group 2 = 20), individuals with type II diabetes without obesity (Group 3 = 20) by comparing with controls (individuals without obesity and without type II diabetes) (Group 4 = 20).

Materials and Methods:
Buccal mucosal cells were scraped from study participants and were subjected to morphometric analysis (Magnus Pro software). Clinical history, hemoglobin A1c, heights and weights of participants were measured and consequently, their body mass index was calculated. Quantitative parameters (nuclear area, cytoplasmic area, nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio) and qualitative parameters (micronuclei [MN], nuclear budding, nuclear disintegration, apoptosis, necrosis) were assessed among the groups. The data were statistically interpreted using SPSS software version 20.0.

Results:
There is an increase in nuclear diameter and nuclear: cytoplasmic ratio of Groups 1 and 3 relative to Group 2. The qualitative assessment revealed MN and nuclear disintegration in Group 1 and 3 individuals. In addition, other qualitative changes such as nuclear budding and apoptotic bodies were evident in patients with type II diabetes.

Conclusion:
The aforementioned qualitative and quantitative parameters facilitate early diagnosis and identification of individuals at risk of developing new age systemic illnesses such as diabetes and obesity.
Quantification of inflammatory, angiogenic, and fibrous components of reactive oral lesions with an insight into the pathogenesis
Authors: Vasanthi V , Divya Bose , Ramadoss Ramya , Deena P , Annasamy Ramesh K , Rajkumar Krishnan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Reactive oral lesions pose diagnostic difficulties as they mimic each other clinically. A definitive diagnosis is made based on the histopathological presentation of this group of lesion. Stromal microenvironment is the key to the sequence of the stages of these lesions. Stringent quantification of each component of the stroma is important to understand the pathogenesis. The aim is to evaluate inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the reactive group of lesions through quantitative analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Blocks of irritation fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, and normal mucosa were retrieved from the archives and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome staining were done. The severity of inflammation, epithelial thickness, collagen proportionate area, integrated density of collagen, Mean Vascular Area (MVA), Mean Vascular Perimeter (MVP), and Mean blood vessel percentage area (MBVPA) were analysed quantitatively using Image J software version 1.8. The pattern of rete ridges at the epithelium-connective tissue interface was analysed qualitatively.

Results:
Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia presented with severe inflammation (60%). Mean Vascular Percentage Area (MVPA) and Mean Vascular Perimeter (MVP) were increased in pyogenic granuloma. The mean collagen proportionate area and the integrated density of collagen were found to be more in irritation fibroma (64.47%, 2519638.01 ± 810471.58 μm2). The epithelial thickness was highest in inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (62.71 ± 18.86 μm).

Conclusion:
Reactive oral lesions are histologically distinct, yet they exhibit considerable overlap depending on the stage of the lesion. A morphometric quantitative exploration of the individual pathogenic components may aid in specific diagnosis.
Sexual dimorphism of inferior alveolar canal location
Authors: Rath Rachna , Sangamesh NC , Acharya Rashmi Rekha , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Sex determination from unidentified skeletal remains a daunting task in forensic odontology. The mandible is the strongest and most durable of bones available for post-mortem profiling and its morphometric characteristics have been investigated. Less explored is the location of the mandibular canal which in a few populations has shown gender dimorphism.

Aim:
The present cross-sectional study explores sexual dimorphism in an eastern Indian population of Odisha from an analysis of cone-beam CT system (CBCT) images for the relative position of the mandibular canal and its foramina.

Method and Materials:
A total of 120 CBCT images from either gender (1:1 ratio) of adult dentate individuals aged 18–60 years were analysed for the relative position of the mandibular canal. Ten measurements (8- coronal and 2- from axial slices) concerning the mandibular canal; at the level of the mandibular foramen, mandibular first molar and mental foramen were performed. Unpaired Student's t-test was employed to compare variables between the sexes at P < 0.05 level of significance.

Results:
The results revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the genders in most of the variables (8/10), with higher mean values in males compared to females except in the distance between mandibular foramen and anterior border of the ramus (2.648 ± 0.67 mm in females, 2.527 ± 0.75 mm in males) and in the distance between the canal and lingual cortical plate in the region of the first molar (14.515 ± 1.33 mm in females, 14.288 ± 2.01 mm in males).

Conclusion:
The relative position of the mandibular canal and its associated foramina show sexual dimorphism in an adult eastern Indian population.