bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Flood Forecasting using Satellite Precipitation Product and Machine Learning Approach in Bagmati River Basin, India
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Singh Vivekanand 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Real-time flood forecasting (RTFF) is crucial for early flood warnings. It relies on real-time hydrological and meteorological data. Satellite Precipitation Products (SPPs) offer real-time global precipitation estimates and have emerged as a suitable option for rainfall input in RTFF models. This study first compared the daily SPP data of Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) with observed rainfall data of Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) from the year 2001 to 2009 using contingency tests. Hourly rainfall from this SPP is used to build four RTFF models based on machine learning: feedforward neural network (FFNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), wavelet-based feedforward neural network (W-FFNN), and wavelet-based extreme learning machine (W-ELM). These models have been trained and tested with the observed data. The model’s performance was also evaluated using various statistical criteria. Results showed good correlation between IMERG and observed data, with a probability of detection (POD) of 85.42%. Overall, wavelet-based models outperformed their singular counterparts. Among the singular models, the FFNN model performed better than ELM, with satisfactory predictions till 5 days of lead time. Further, developed models have been used to forecast hourly water levels at Hayaghat gauging site of Bagmati River with different lead times from 1 hour to 10 days. For a 7-day lead time, only W-FFNN performs well, whereas none of the models performs satisfactory results for a 10-day lead time.
Design, validation and piloting of clinical vignettes to analyze critical care clinical decision processes during the COVID-19 pandemic in three different countries (Spain, Chile and United States)
Authors: Jaramillo-Castell Fabiola , Lorenzo Sergio Minué , Derqui Demetrio Carmona , Murphy Matthew , Aguilar Carmen Fernández , Nanwani Kapil , Quintana-Díaz Manuel , Martín-Martín José Jesús 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The use of heuristics in clinical decision-making processes increases in contexts of high uncertainty, such as those in Intensive Care Units (ICU. Given the impossibility of empirically studying their impact on real-world conditions, clinical vignettes were developed with the goal of identifying the use of heuristics in the care of critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in different clinical contexts.
Methodology:
Vignettes were designed by critical care physicians in Spain to assess the use of representativeness, availability, and status quo heuristics in the care of critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The construct, internal and external validity of the vignettes designed in Spain, the United States and Chile were evaluated. A questionnaire was piloted with the vignettes being validated in the three aforementioned countries through a computer application built for this purpose.
Results
16 study vignettes grouped into 5 models were created: each model included between 2 and 4 vignettes. The vignettes designed were closed-response vignettes with 2–3 possible alternatives. The vignettes, initially developed in Spain in Spanish, were translated to English and adapted to the Spanish used in Chile. The clinical content of the vignettes was not modified during the translation process.
Conclusions
The vignettes allow for the study of the use of heuristics in critical care clinical decision making in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The piloting and validation process used can serve as a model for similar multinational studies exploring clinical decision making.
A novel granulin mutation in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasias: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jia Sha-sha , Li Pu-lei , Gao Ping , Jiang Ye , Zhang Cheng-liang , Yun Wen-wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Primary progressive aphasias (PPA) can be divided into 3 main variants, nonfluent/agrammatic, semantic, and logopenic variant. Logopenic variant PPA(lvPPA) was the third to be described clinically. Majority of these PPA patients harbored mutations in the granulin (GRN) gene on chromosome 17q21.
Case presentation Based on the reported patient’s clinical and neuroimaging data, we considered a diagnosis of lvPPA, characterized by impaired single-word retrieval in spontaneous speech and naming, and impaired repetition of sentences and phrases, with relatively preserved single-word comprehension, object knowledge, motor speech, and no speech errors in spontaneous speech or naming. MRI of head revealed marked lateral atrophy in the left parietal cortex and a gradual change over a period of six years. A heterozygous 10-bp frameshift deletion (C.274_283del ATGCGGGGAT)was identified in exon 4 of the GRN gene (NM_002087.4), leading to alteration of cysteine to alanine at amino acid 92 and creation of a premature stop codon at position 161. This GRN associated lvPPA presentation is rarely previously reported.
Conclusions We summarized clinical, MRI and genetic features of an lvPPA individual carried a novel GRN mutation. We have provided a clue for exploring the pathogenicity significance of GRN mutation in frontotemporal lobar degeneration(FTLD), which broadens the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of FTLD.
Cooperative Transmission Design for Secure Network assisted by Active RIS
Authors: Liu Ying , Bian Jinhong , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates a cooperative beamforming (BF) and jamming schemes in active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted secure communication network, where an active RIS perform reflecting BF and a friendly jammer transmits jamming signal to enhance the security. Specifically, we consider a secrecy rate maximization problem under specific power constraints by assuming that perfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers (Eves) can be obtained by the transmitter (Alice). Using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and CharnesCooper transformation, we address this problem by performing a one-dimensional search which involves solving a sequence of semidefinite programs (SDPs). For more practical scenario that perfect CSI of the Eves can not be obtained by Alice, a robust joint design of BF and jamming is proposed and the worst-case secrecy rate optimization is solved by using the S-procedure and its extension. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed designs.
Breeding and management of major resistance genes to stem canker/blackleg in Brassica crops
Authors: Vasquez-Teuber Paula , Rouxel Thierry , Mason Annaliese S. , Soyer Jessica L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Blackleg (also known as Phoma or stem canker) is a major, worldwide disease of Brassica crop species (e.g. oilseed rape, rapeseed, canola) caused by the ascomycete fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. The outbreak and severity of this disease depend on environmental conditions and management practices such as the use of fungicides and crop rotations, tilling, as well as a complex interaction between the pathogen and its hosts. Genetic resistance is a major method to control the disease (and the only control method in some parts of the world, such as continental Europe), but efficient use of genetic resistance is faced with many difficulties: (i) the scarcity of germplasm/genetic resources available, (ii) the different history of use of resistance genes in different parts of the world and the different populations of the fungus the resistance genes are exposed to, (iii) the complexity of the interactions between the plant and the pathogen, that expand beyond typical gene-for-gene interactions, (iv) the incredible evolutionary potential of the pathogen and the importance of knowing the molecular processes set up by the fungus to “breakdown’ resistances, so that we may design high-throughput diagnostic tools for population surveys, and (v) the different strategies and options to build up the best resistances and to manage them so that they are durable. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of these different points, stressing the differences between the different continents and the current prospects to generate new and durable resistances to blackleg disease.
The value of dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in assessing the severity of defecation disorders
Authors: Sun Ge , Trzpis Monika , de Haas Robbert J. , Broens Paul M.A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography is frequently used to assess defecation disorders. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of dynamic magnetic resonance defecography for assessing the severity of defecation disorder.
Methods:
We included patients retrospectively from our tertiary referral hospital who had undergone dynamic magnetic resonance defecography, anorectal manometry, and anal electrical sensitivity tests to assess defecation disorders between 2014 and 2020. The primary outcome was the association between the dynamic magnetic resonance defecography variables and the severity of defecation disorders. We assessed the severity of fecal incontinence and constipation with the Wexner incontinence and Agachan constipation scores.
Results:
Out of the 32 patients included, 24 completed the defecation questionnaire. During defecation the M line length at magnetic resonance correlated with the Agachan score (r = 0.45, p = 0.03) and was associated with anal sphincter pressure (r=0.39, p=0.03) just before defecation.
During rest and squeezing the H line length at imaging correlated with the Wexner incontinence score (r=0.49, p=0.01 and r=0.69, p< 0.001, respectively). H line length also correlated positively with the anal electrical sensation threshold during squeezing (r=0.50, p=0.004) and during rest (r= 0.42, p=0.02).
Conclusions:
The M and H line lengths at dynamic magnetic resonance defecography can be used to assess the severity of constipation and fecal incontinence respectively and reflect anatomic changes of the pelvic floor. However, as these anatomic changes are generally late-stage and irreversible, anal manometry seems a better diagnostic approach to assess early and potentially reversible changes in patients with defecation disorders.
Improvement of diabetes-induced spinal cord axon injury with taurine via nerve growth factor dependent Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Yachen , Gao Bihu , Chen Xiaochi , Shi Xiaoxia , Li Shuangyue , Zhang Qing , Zhang Cong , Piao Fengyuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As a common nervous system disorder, Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). According to evidences, axonal degeneration is a main pathological feature of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and taurine may be a protective candidate. But, the beneficial effect of taurine on spinal cord axon injury (SCAI) in DN and its regulatory mechanism is rarely exhibited in reports. In this study, as demonstrated by our results, taurine greatly improved abnormal axonal morphology of spinal cord (SC) and nerve function in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and induced neurite outgrowth of cerebral cortex neurons with high glucose exposure. Moreover, taurine up-regulated expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurite outgrowth relative protein GAP-43 in the SC of diabetic rats, as well as the cerebral cortex neurons or the VSC4.1 cells with high glucose exposure. Besides, taurine increased the phosphorylation levels of TrkA, Akt, and mTOR. Also, in the presences of NGF-neutralizing antibody and Akt or mTOR inhibitors, beneficial effects of taurine could be blocked. As suggested by these results, taurine can promote SC axon repair in diabetic rats, with the mechanism partly associated with NGF-dependent activation of Akt/mTOR pathway. According to our findings, the role of taurine in improving SCAI of DN and its mechanism is clarified.
A Novel Model for Predicting the Probability of Anemia of Chronic Disease in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jinshan Zhan , Fangqi Chen , Yifan Jin , Yuqing Wang , Ting Wu , Juanmei Cao , Jing Zhang , Changzheng Huang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: ACD is the most common hematological manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As well as causing damage to vital organs, ACD suppresses the immune system and causes infections, which ultimately affects the prognosis of SLE. Additionally, anemia may worsen if the recommended treatments for SLE are overused, including hydroxychloroquine and immunosuppressants. We constructed a model based on commonly measured laboratory parameters in order to predict the likelihood of ACD in SLE patients.
Methods: Patients with a confirmed SLE diagnosis and a disease duration of at least one year were eligible for inclusion. Randomly dividing patients into a training set and a test set with an 8:2 ratio. Predictive models were created in the training set using logistic regression with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-selected predictors. A nomogram was also constructed based on the prediction model. In addition, the efficacy of the model was evaluated using receiver operating curves (ROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results: The study included 216 patients, of whom 172 were randomly assigned to the training set and 44 to the test set. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the prediction model was 0.833 (95% CI, 0.773-0.892) in the training set and 0.861 (95% CI, 0.750-0.972) in the test set. Consistency between expected probability and observed probability was shown by the calibration curves. On the DCA curve, the model generated a net profit when the threshold likelihood in the training set is between 20% and 90% and the threshold likelihood in the test set is between 10% and 80%.
Conclusion: We developed a predictive model capable of predicting the risk of ACD in SLE patients. With the aid of this model, clinicians can estimate the likelihood of ACD in SLE patients and make the necessary adjustments to therapy to prevent additional harm.
Novel Thiazolidinedione Derivatives as effective agonists of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor-γ: A Comprehensive Study on Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, MD Simulations, and Antidiabetic Efficacy
Authors: Sriniv Mahendra Gowdru , Prabhu Ashwini , Rani Vinitha , Ghate Sudeep D , R Prashantha Kumar B , Raju Ruby mariam , C Revanasiddappa B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the quest for potential anti-diabetic agents, a novel series of thiazolidinedione derivatives (2a-j)were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic data. These newly developed derivatives were subjected to molecular docking studies, utilizing the binding pocket of the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, to understand their binding interactions. To assess the stability of the ligand-PPAR-γ complex, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for synthesized compounds. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated in C2C12 myoblasts using the MTT assay. Additionally, the compounds were tested on C2C12 cell lines to confirm their PPAR-γ transcription activity. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds underwent evaluation for their in vivo blood glucose-lowering activity using a dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat model. Significantly, compounds 2b, 2g, and 2h demonstrated potential as PPAR-γ agonists compared to the reference drug Pioglitazone. Data analysis revealed noteworthy blood glucose-lowering effects (hypoglycaemia) for compounds 2b, 2g, and 2h (110.04±5.42, 114.52±6.32, and 118.48±5.93, respectively), as well as for the reference drug Pioglitazone (153.93±4.61), when compared to the diabetic control. Moreover, compounds 2b, 2g, and 2h exhibited significant reductions in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), indicating the absence of liver damage.
The revised CDC Chronic pain guidelines and payer opioid analgesic policies in Michigan
Authors: Lehr Victoria Tutag , Arfken Cynthia L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Publication of the 2016 United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain informed restrictive opioid prescribing policies by state specific commercial and public payers. These policies restricted access to opioid analgesics for patients with intractable pain conditions (e.g. sickle cell disease) who had been receiving long-term opioids at dosages exceeding 90 MME/day. The revised 2022 guidelines no longer recommends specific opioid dose limits or duration of therapy for chronic pain, emphasizing individualized therapy. The impact of the revision on payer opioid prescribing policies is unknown. We examined number and type of policies allowing flexibility in opioid daily dosage (morphine milligram equivalent, MME) and duration of therapy following the 2022 CDC revision.
Methods: Policies for seven large commercial payers in Michigan and for Medicaid fee-for-service from 2019–2022 were reviewed and categorized. Policies for prior authorization, quantity limits, duration, and opioids > 90 MME/day for chronic pain were documented by year for each individual payer.
Results: The eight payers implemented 207 new actions (mean = 10.3 per year) with the least number during 2020 (n = 25) and the most in 2021 (n = 51). The most common action was limitations on number of days for initial prescriptions (n = 40). All payers had opioid limits 50–120 MME/day. For 6/8 payers, the limit was 90 MME/day unchanged from 2016 CDC guidelines. Prior authorization and/or pharmacist-edit policies were required to exceed opioid limits. In 2022, 7/8 payers exempted sickle cell pain from limits versus 5/8 in 2019. Number of days supply for initial prescription depended on formulation, for long-acting opioids 4/8 payers allowed 30-days and 2/8 allowed 90 days.
Discussion: The eight commercial and public payers continued to implement complex opioid prescribing policies. Increased flexibility in daily opioid limits and duration of therapy was available only through prior authorization, pharmacist edits or exemption for the diagnosis of sickle cell pain.
Conclusion: Payer policy implementation in one state did not reflect the 2022 CDC revised guidelines for individualized opioid prescribing for chronic pain. The impact of slow payer uptake of the 2022 guidelines on patient care is unknown, requiring continuous monitoring.
MicroRNA 421 induces the formation of high-invasive cell subsets of ovarian cancer from low-invasive cell subsets mediated by exosomes by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Meng Qianlong , Zheng Wei , Jiao Ruili , Cui Ran , Deng Yunhan , Liu Ruizhen , Wang Jing , Bai Huimin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Intra-tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) has resulted in treatment failure of ovarian cancer(OC). Exosomes and microRNA plays a crucial role in the progression of OC. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effect of exosomes and microRNA421 (miR-421), mediated by exosomes, on the ITH by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and the diagnosis of OC.
Method
Exosomes derived from AHC/ALC cells (AHE/ALE) were extracted by differential centrifugation. CCK8, 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyridine(EdU), Transwell, Colony formation and Wound healing assays were performed to explore the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities. Western blot (WB) assay was used to detect the changes in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/AKT pathway. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect changes in EMT. qRT-PCR was used to detect microRNA levels in serum exosomes from high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and benign patients. We also measured the levels of CA125 in serum exosomes.
Result
AHE and miR-421, mediated by exosomes, significantly increased the malignancy of ALC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. the expression of miR-421 was significantly increased in the serum exosomes derived from HGSOC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the combination of miR-421, and serum CA125 can significantly improve the specificity of serum CA125 in the diagnosis of HGSOC.
Conclusion
MiR-421, mediated by exosomes, could induce the transformation of high-invasive cell subpopulations from low-invasive cell subpopulations of OC cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. MiR-421 could serve as a potentially effective therapeutic target and a novel tumor marker for early diagnosis of OC.
Differences in invasiveness and recurrence rate among nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors depending on tumor subtype
Authors: Taguchi Akira , Kinoshita Yasuyuki , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Onishi Shumpei , Go Yukari , Tominaga Atsushi , Takeshima Yukio , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Horie Nobutaka 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To clarify the invasiveness to surrounding structures and recurrence rate of each subtype of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (Pit-NETs) according to the WHO 2022 classification.
Methods
This retrospective study utilized data from 292 patients with nonfunctioning Pit-NETs treated with initial transsphenoidal surgery. Recurrence was evaluated on 163 patients who were available for a magnetic resonance imaging follow-up ≥36 months. All tumors were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Pit-1, T-PIT, and GATA3. Invasiveness to surrounding structures was evaluated based on intraoperative findings.
Results
Cavernous sinus invasion was found in 47.5% of null cell tumors, 50.0% of Pit-1 lineage tumors, 31.8% of corticotroph tumors, and 18.3% of gonadotroph tumors. Dura mater defects in the floor of sellar turcica, indicating dural invasion, were found in 44.3% of null cell tumors, 36.4% of corticotroph tumors, 16.7% of Pit-1 lineage tumors, and 17.3% of gonadotroph tumors. In logistic regression analysis, Pit-1 (OR 5.90, 95%CI 1.71–20.4, P = 0.0050) and null tumors (OR 4.14, 95%CI 1.86–9.23, P = 0.0005) were associated with cavernous sinus invasion. Recurrence was found in 8 (4.9%) patients, but without significant differences between tumor subtypes. No tumor showed immunoreactivity for hormone antibodies (8/101 vs. 0/62, P = 0.0246).
Conclusion
Among nonfunctioning Pit-NETs, Pit-1 lineage tumors tend to invade the cavernous sinus, corticotroph tumors may produce dura mater defects in the sellar turcica, and null cell tumors tend to cause both. Pit-NETs without pituitary hormone may have a higher recurrence rate.