bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of a ChatGPT‐4‐based chatbot in teledermatology: A retrospective exploratory study
Authors: Shapiro Jonathan , Avitan‐Hersh Emily , Greenfield Binyamin , Khamaysi Ziad , Dodiuk‐Gad Roni P. , Valdman‐Grinshpoun Yuliya , Freud Tamar , Lyakhovitsky Anna 
Published: January 2025

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesIntegration of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly ChatGPT, is transforming medical diagnostics and may benefit teledermatology. This exploratory study compared image description and differential diagnosis generation by a ChatGPT‐4 based chatbot with human teledermatologists.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective study compared 154 teledermatology consultations (December 2023–February 2024) with ChatGPT‐4's performance in image descriptions and diagnoses. Diagnostic concordance was classified as “Top1” (exact match with the teledermatologist's diagnoses), “Top3” (correct diagnosis within one the top three diagnoses), and “Partial” (similar but not identical diagnoses). Image descriptions were rated and compared for quality parameters (location, color, size, morphology, and surrounding area), and accuracy (Yes, No, and Partial).ResultsOut of 154 cases, ChatGPT‐4 achieved a Top1 diagnostic concordance in 108 (70.8%), Top3 concordance in 137 (87.7%), partial concordance in four (2.6%), and was discordant in 15 (9.7%) cases. The quality of ChatGPT‐4's image descriptions significantly surpassed teledermatologists in all five parameters. ChatGPT‐4's descriptions were accurate in 130 (84.4%), partially accurate in 22 (14.3%), and inaccurate in two (1.3%) cases.ConclusionsThe preliminary findings of this study indicate that ChatGPT‐4 demonstrates potential in generating accurate image descriptions and differential diagnoses. These results highlight the promise of integrating artificial intelligence into asynchronous teledermatology workflows.
Beta cell function and global glucose metabolism are impaired in Dp(16)1Yey mouse model of Down syndrome
Authors: Tolu Stefania , Hamzé Rim , Moreau Manon , Bertrand Romane , Janel Nathalie , Movassat Jamileh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsDown syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is the most prevalent genetic disorder in the world. In addition to common symptoms such as intellectual disabilities and morphological abnormalities, several comorbidities are associated with DS, including metabolic dysfunction. Obesity and diabetes are more prevalent in people with DS compared with the general population. However, the mechanisms linking obesity/diabetes to DS remain poorly understood. Systematic investigation of metabolic disorders in animal models of DS is scarce.Materials and MethodsWe used the Dp(16)1Yey mouse model of DS to evaluate the energy and glucose metabolism in both male and female Dp(16)1Yey mice at 3 and 6 months of age. We assessed the whole‐body glucose metabolism by glucose and insulin tolerance tests, and investigated the pancreatic functions in terms of insulin synthesis, ß cell mass and the glucose‐induced insulin secretion in vivo.ResultsWe show that Dp(16)1Yey mice do not present signs of obesity when they are fed with chow diet. However, these mice are glucose intolerant and insulin resistant, and exhibit dysfunctions of their endocrine pancreas, reflected by decreased insulin content and defective glucose‐induced insulin secretion (GIIS) in vivo. The impairment of metabolic parameters is similar between males and females trisomic mice, indicating the absence of metabolic sexual dimorphism in this model.ConclusionsOur study suggests that Dp(16)1Yey model is suitable for the assessment of metabolic disorders associated with DS.
Investigating frontoparietal networks and activation in children with mathematics learning difficulties: Cases with different deficit profiles
Authors: Wang Fengjuan , Jamaludin Azilawati 
Published: January 2025

AbstractApproximately 15%–20% of school‐aged children suffer from mathematics learning difficulties (MLD). Most children with developmental dyscalculia (DD) or MLD also have comorbid cognitive deficits. Recent literature suggests that research should focus on uncovering the neural underpinnings of MLD across more inclusive samples, rather than limiting studies to pure cases of DD or MLD with highly stringent inclusion criteria. Therefore, this study aims to identify neural aberrancies that may be common across multiple MLD cases with different deficit profiles. Nine MLD cases and 45 typically developing (TD) children, all around 7 years old (27 boys), were recruited. Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), brain data were collected during an approximate resting state and a mathematical computation task (addition). Graph theory was then applied to assess global and nodal network indicators of brain function. When comparing the network indicators and brain activation of the MLD cases to those of TD children, no unified neural aberrancy was found across all cases. However, three MLD cases did show distinct neural aberrancies compared to TD children. The study discusses the implications of these findings, considering both the neural aberrancies in the three MLD cases and the neural similarities found in the other six cases, which were comparable to those of the TD children. This raises important questions about the presence and nature of aberrant neural indicators in MLD across large cohorts and highlights the need for further research in this area.
Topological features of brain functional networks are reorganized during chronic tinnitus: A graph‐theoretical study
Authors: Han Shuting , Shen Yongcong , Wu Xiaojuan , Dai Hui , Li Yonggang , Liu Jisheng , Tao Duo‐duo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the topological properties of brain functional networks in patients with tinnitus of varying durations. A total of 51 tinnitus patients (divided into recent‐onset tinnitus (ROT) and persistent tinnitus (PT) groups) and 27 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. All participants underwent resting‐state functional MRI and audiological assessments. Graph theory was used to examine brain network topology.The results showed that the ROT group exhibited lower clustering coefficient, gamma, sigma and local efficiency compared to both the HC and PT groups (all P < 0.05). Significant reductions in nodal clustering coefficient and local efficiency were found in the left caudate nucleus and left olfactory cortex, while increased nodal centralities were observed in the left orbital middle frontal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus in ROT patients (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the ROT group had decreased nodal clustering in the right lenticular putamen and reduced nodal efficiency in the left olfactory cortex compared to both PT patients and HCs (all P < 0.05).Additionally, PT patients showed weaker functional connectivity between the subcortical and occipital lobe modules, as well as between the prefrontal and intra‐frontal modules, compared to ROT patients. However, intra‐module connectivity in the subcortical module was stronger in PT patients than in HCs.These findings suggest that recent‐onset tinnitus is associated with alterations in brain network topology, but many of these changes are restored with the persistence of tinnitus.
Lessons Learned From Direct Seeding to Restore Degraded Mountains in Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Lozano‐Baez Sergio Esteban , Morio Anna , Bonnet Barbara , Valderrama Paula Díaz , Sánchez Oscar Alirio Castillo , Trujillo Julián Ricardo Tintinago , Paladines Harvey Marín , Flórez Margarita , Gómez Elcy , Medina Francisco José , Meli Paula 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDirect seeding is a technique frequently used to restore degraded lands worldwide. Direct seeding is attractive to restore degraded lands mainly because of its low cost compared to planting seedlings. However, this technique has been poorly studied in tropical mountains. Here, we investigated the outcomes of direct seeding at four degraded sites in the Andean mountains of Cauca, Colombia. We used 45 native tree species, most of them commonly used in restoration projects in the Andean region of Colombia. After 150 days of sowing, we evaluated seedling emergence, survival and establishment costs. Performance of direct seeding was markedly different across sites. Most species had low seedling emergence, with Guayaba (Psidium guajava) and Matachande (Bocconia frutescens) showing the highest emergence. Species with large seeds showed higher emergence compared with medium and small seeds. Seedling density was considerably variable among sites, ranging from 496 to 5550 ind. ha−1. Our results evidence the need for long‐term monitoring at mountain restoration sites and that restoring tropical degraded mountains using direct seeding is a challenge that can be complemented with native tree planting. Further research is required to explore the advantages and disadvantages of direct seeding in mountain terrain.
Impact of Sex on Clinical Outcomes of Tandem Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy. A Propensity‐Matched Analysis
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Foschi Matteo , Valente Mariarosaria , Zhang Liqun , Sacco Simona , Ornello Raffaele , Mansoor Nina , Fallon Matthew , Jaramillo Adelaida Gartner , Sponza Massimo , Gavrilovic Vladimir , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Gigli Gian Luigi , Banerjee Soma , Merlino Giovanni 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough mechanical thrombectomy (MT) represents the standard of care for ischemic stroke due to large‐vessel occlusion (LVO), the impact of sex on outcomes in tandem occlusions remains unclear. We investigated sex‐based differences in outcomes after MT for tandem occlusions.MethodsThis multicenter observational study included consecutive patients with tandem occlusion treated with MT across three stroke centers (2021–2023). Propensity score matching was performed. Primary outcomes were the 90‐day favorable functional outcome (mRS 0–2) and mRS score shift. Secondary outcomes included favorable recanalization, 24‐h early neurological improvement, and NIHSS median score. Safety outcomes were post‐MT intracerebral hemorrhage and 90‐day mortality.ResultsOf 635 patients (46.8% women), 289 women were matched to 289 men. There were no significant differences in primary, secondary, or safety outcomes between sexes. Subgroup analysis showed a lower rate of favorable 90‐day mRS scores in women with diabetes compared to men. Women not receiving emergent carotid treatment had higher rates of favourable outcomes. No significant sex differences were found in other subgroups.ConclusionsWomen with anterior circulation tandem occlusions treated with MT have similar outcomes to men. However, women with diabetes and those treated with intracranial MT alone exhibited sex‐specific differences. Further studies are needed to explore underlying mechanisms.
Images of spectral relatedness: How couples anchor life together in a nursing home in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Mikka , Ramsbøl Anne Toft 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhen one partner in a couple moves into a nursing home, the sense of shared everyday life and home is disturbed. In this article, we examine how couples respond to radical ruptures in their shared everyday lives, homes, and imagined futures when one partner moves into a nursing home due to severe illness. We draw on the field of imagistic anthropology that attends to the uncertain, ambiguous, and imaginative dimensions of life to capture the often overlooked, albeit important, dimensions of peoples’ lives in situations of uncertainty, rupture, and loss. Inspired by the concept of spectral kinship, we delve into experiences of transgressing space and time, the material and the immaterial, the “real,” the dreamed of and imagined as they are anchored in a play of imagination, a book, and a dream. We call these anchors of belonging. We suggest the concept spectral relatedness to highlight both mundane and spectral dimensions of homemaking and being together. We argue that attending to imagistic qualities in fraught life situations can help bring forth nuances and complexities of how couples face severe illness and the relational and practical changes such life situations entails in the context of homemaking in institutional settings.
Understanding the Emergence of Schizophrenia in the Light of Human Evolution: New Perspectives in Genetics
Authors: Sandroni Veronica , Chaumette Boris 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a frequent and disabling disease. The persistence of the disorder despite its harmful consequences represents an evolutionary paradox. Based on recent discoveries in genetics, scientists have formulated the “price‐to‐pay” hypothesis: schizophrenia would be intimately related to human evolution, particularly to brain development and human‐specific higher cognitive functions. The objective of the present work is to question scientific literature about the relationship between schizophrenia and human evolution from a genetic point of view. In the last two decades, research investigated the association between schizophrenia and a few genetic evolutionary markers: Human accelerated regions, segmental duplications, and highly repetitive DNA such as the Olduvai domain. Other studies focused on the action of natural selection on schizophrenia‐associated genetic variants, also thanks to the complete sequencing of archaic hominins' genomes (Neanderthal, Denisova). Results suggested that a connection between human evolution and schizophrenia may exist; nonetheless, much research is still needed, and it is possible that a definitive answer to the evolutionary paradox of schizophrenia will never be found.
Predicting admission for fall‐related injuries in older adults using artificial intelligence: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Le Nam , Sonka Milan , Skeete Dionne A , Romanowski Kathleen S , Galet Colette 
Published: January 2025

AimPre‐injury frailty has been investigated as a tool to predict outcomes of older trauma patients. Using artificial intelligence principles of machine learning, we aimed to identify a “signature” (combination of clinical variables) that could predict which older adults are at risk of fall‐related hospital admission. We hypothesized that frailty, measured using the 5‐item modified Frailty Index, could be utilized in combination with other factors as a predictor of admission for fall‐related injuries.MethodsThe National Readmission Database was mined to identify factors associated with admission of older adults for fall‐related injuries. Older adults admitted for trauma‐related injuries from 2010 to 2014 were included. Age, sex, number of chronic conditions and past fall‐related admission, comorbidities, 5‐item modified Frailty Index, and medical insurance status were included in the analysis. Two machine learning models were selected among six tested models (logistic regression and random forest). Using a decision tree as a surrogate model for random forest, we extracted high‐risk combinations of factors associated with admission for fall‐related injury.ResultsOur approach yielded 18 models. Being a woman was one of the factors most often associated with admission for fall‐related injuries. Frailty appeared in four of the 18 combinations. Being a woman, aged 65–74 years and presenting a 5‐item modified Frailty Index score >3 predicted admission for fall‐related injuries in 80.3% of this population.ConclusionUsing artificial intelligence principles of machine learning, we were able to develop 18 signatures allowing us to identify older adults at risk of admission for fall‐related injuries. Future studies using other databases, such as TQIP, are warranted to validate our high‐risk combination models. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 232–242.
Surgical and patient‐reported outcomes of staged urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Minami Takahiro , Horiguchi Akio , Shinchi Masayuki , Ojima Kenichiro , Segawa Yuhei , Furukawa Yoshiyuki , Takekawa Kazuki , Suzuki Sadayoshi , Masumoto Hakaru , Katsuta Jumpei , Watanabe Daisuke , Ito Keiichi 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of staged urethroplasty for complex anterior urethral strictures from both surgical and patient‐reported outcome perspectives.MethodsThis retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent staged urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures between May 2011 and June 2023. Anatomical success was defined as the ability to pass cystourethroscopy without resistance and the patient's ability to void without additional interventions. Patient‐reported outcomes were evaluated using validated questionnaires, including the urethral stricture surgery patient‐reported outcome measure, sexual health inventory for men (SHIM), and EuroQol 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D), administered pre‐and postoperatively.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 53 months, the anatomical success rate was 89.0%. Seventeen (17.0%) required revision surgery between stages. Perioperative complications occurred in 13 (13.0%). Significant improvements were observed in maximum flow rate (p < 0.0001), postvoid residual volume (p = 0.0006), total lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) scores (p < 0.0001), LUTS‐specific quality of life (QOL) score (p < 0.0001), EQ‐5D index score (p < 0.0001), and EQ‐5D visual analog scale score (p < 0.0001). SHIM scores showed no significant change (p = 0.59). Overall, 93.5% of patients reported being either “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the outcomes.ConclusionStaged urethroplasty demonstrates high anatomical success rates and significant improvements in urinary function and QOL without compromising erectile function. The high patient satisfaction rate supports its efficacy in treating complex anterior urethral strictures.
SARS‐CoV‐2 Viral Load and Cytokine Dynamics Profile as Early Signatures of Long COVID Condition in Hospitalized Individuals
Authors: Alonso Domínguez Jacobo , Martínez Barros Inés , Viéitez Irene , Peleteiro Mercedes , Calderón‐Cruz Beatriz , González‐Nóvoa José A. , Pérez González Alexandre , Leiro Fernández Virginia , López López Aida , Poveda López Eva 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe global pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 has resulted in millions of people experiencing long COVID condition, a range of persistent symptoms following the acute phase, with an estimated prevalence of 27%–64%.Materials and MethodsTo understand its pathophysiology, we conducted a longitudinal study on viral load and cytokine dynamics in individuals with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We used reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR to quantify viral RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs and employed multiplex technology to measure plasma cytokine levels in a cohort of people with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Our study included individuals with long COVID condition and those without, all of whom had at least three nasopharyngeal and plasma samples collected within 55 days after diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.ResultsIndividuals affected with long COVID symptoms had delayed viral clearance and lower viral loads at diagnosis compared to those without symptoms. Additionally, cytokine analysis revealed variations in IL‐18, MIG, and IP‐10 levels, with delayed normalization in individuals affected by long COVID syndrome. Correlation analysis indicated associations between viral load and IP‐10 and interrelations among cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐18, MIG, and IP‐10.ConclusionOur study provides insights into the association between nasopharyngeal viral load, cytokine dynamics, and the development of long COVID syndrome, providing an early signature of this condition.
Acute skin failure knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst intensive care unit nurses in China: A multicentre cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Yang Xiuru , Yan Fenglin , Xie Sha , Shang Yinju , Wang Mei , Wen Dan , He Haiyan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses regarding acute skin failure (ASF) and analyse the influencing factors thereof.MethodsFrom 22 December 2023 to 24 January 2024, a cross‐sectional study was conducted amongst ICU nurses from 21 hospitals in eight provinces in China. The ASF knowledge, attitude and practice scores were determined using questionnaires, and multiple linear regression was used for further analysis.ResultsOverall, 304 ICU nurses completed the survey. The knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 24.89 ± 10.93, 40.67 ± 5.93 and 43.47 ± 9.19, with scoring rates of 45.25%, 81.34% and 72.45%, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that being a wound ostomy specialist nurse was positively correlated with the knowledge dimension score (p < 0.05). Nurses' professional titles significantly affected attitude scores (p < 0.05); the higher the professional title, the more positive the attitude towards ASF.ConclusionThe attitudes and practices of ICU nurses in China towards ASF were found to be positive; however, their knowledge levels need improvement. Nursing managers should conduct targeted training, especially for entry‐level nurses.
Frailty and comorbidity in older adults with and without diabetes and chronic leg ulcer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Duluklu Burcu , Ivory John , McElvaney Aideen , Bligh Angela , Cahill‐Collins Marion , Gethin Georgina , Liew Aaron , Sezgin Duygu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study aimed to identify whether having a chronic leg ulcer (CLU), in addition to diabetes, contributed to frailty in individuals ≥65 years old. It also explored the associations between frailty, pre‐frailty and other factors. 125 participants aged ≥65 attending outpatient clinics in Ireland were categorised into three groups: (1) diabetes‐only and no CLU, (2) CLU‐only and no diabetes, and (3) diabetes and CLU. Frailty status was identified using the Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and the Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP). The mean age was 76.09 ± 7.31. Overall, 90 (72%) had diabetes, and 89 (71.2%) had CLU in the past 6 months. While 124 (99.2%) were frail according to the GFI, 122 (97.6%) were either physically frail (n = 40, 32%) or pre‐frail (n = 82, 65.6%) based on the PFP. There was no difference between the three groups regarding general frailty status (p > 0.05). However, being aged ≥75, having CLU and having CLU in addition to diabetes were associated with frailty severity (p < 0.05). Slow gait, inability to go to the toilet and dress/undress independently were the common factors contributing to frailty. Age, comorbidities and CLU were associated with frailty severity. Incorporating multidimensional frailty screening into regular clinic visits for older adults with CLU is recommended.