bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the components of the psychophysical readiness of police officers to use service firearms under martial law conditions
Authors: Borovyk M. O. , Nadutyi A. V. , Lukin B. P. 
Published: May 2023

The scientific work is aimed at finding ways to improve the components of the psychophysical readiness of police officers to use service firearms. In order to solve the research tasks, an analysis of the sources of international and domestic law regulating the use of force, special means, and firearms by the police has been carried out, including the UN Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, the Declaration on the Police, Basic Principles of the Use of Force and Firearms by Officials on maintaining law and order, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, Regulations on the organization of official training of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, Instructions on safety measures when handling weapons, Regulations on the organization of initial professional training of police officers who are first accepted on police service.
The algorithm for applying coercive police measures proposed by the UN hs been considered, that is communication – persuasion – physical force – special means – firearms. A comparative characterization of the indicators of firearm owners per 100,000 population abroad with a similar indicator in Ukraine has been carried out. The peculiarities of the legal regulation of the use of coercive police measures in Ukraine under martial law conditions have been determined. The legal, social, domestic and psychophysiological factors that affect the decision-making by police officers on the possibility of using a registered firearm have been given.
Based on the conducted research, the study of special literature, and the analysis of the activities of practical police officers who have at least 5 years of service, it has been established that the components of psychophysical readiness for the use of service firearms are physical, psychological, fire (shooting) and tactical-special training. Ways of a complex combination of the specified areas of psychophysical readiness for the use of service firearms have been proposed.
Concepts of understanding the essence of the “abuse of rights” category
Authors: Lazariev V. V. 
Published: May 2023

The research is devoted to defining the essence of the abuse of rights and highlighting the main concepts for understanding this category. It has been emphasized that in the legal literature the issue of the abuse of rights is considered ambiguously, and the publication authors have different opinions on this subject. There is a view that the very term “abuse of rights” is controversial. Approaches to understanding the essence of the category of “abuse of rights” are divided into two broad groups depending on the theory of right origin that is used to study this manifestation. Thus, supporters of the natural law theory consider the abuse of rights as a certain ethical minimum of a subject's behaviour, which allows him or her to commit certain actions for which he or she will not be held legally liable. Supporters of the positivist theory generally deny the existence of the category of “abuse of rights” because there is no clear definition of this concept at the regulatory level.
It has been identified the main signs of abuse of rights. Therefore, it has been noted that abuse of rights balances on a fine line with an offense. It is enough to take a minor step, and in some cases the reflection of the act committed by the subject can be found in the relevant article of the Criminal Code, which turns legally neutral behaviour into an offense.
Exploring the issues of approaches put forward by researchers to understanding the essence of the category “abuse of rights”, it is possible to distinguish the following concepts: abuse of rights does not exist; abuse of rights is socially harmful behavior which, however, does not violate the law; moral principle, performance of lawful behaviour; exercise of rights contrary to their purpose; types of abuse: those that are not characterized by obvious unlawfulness, which is expressed in the socially harmful behaviour of an authorized person who relies on a subjective right belonging to him/her; a type of legal nihilism; a special type of offense; a form of exercising a right contrary to its purpose, goal, social function or interests of other subjects.
Analysis and Assessment of the State of Economic Security of the Sughd Region
Authors: Tokhirov T. I. 
Published: May 2023

The article proposed a method for assessing the level of economic security of the region, which relies on the study of the value of basic indicators, with the calculation of integral indicators. The development of methodological provisions for assessing the economic security of the region is relevant from the point of view of the need to make effective management decisions for the timely detection and elimination of possible dangers and threats, and to reduce the risks of economic security in the country and its regions.In recent years, economic security has undergone a number of major changes. Economic warfare and sovereignty have infiltrated strategic thinking and political discourse, along with free trade and attractiveness, which have so far been the main economic policies of most countries. The unprecedented polarization of global geopolitical relations and the increased stakes in technological superiority around new generations of telecommunications networks and data processing have been the catalyst for this paradigm shift . In this new situation, the strengths of the regional economy are also assets that can be used by large competing forces, oft en better equipped for this purpose.Bringing the basic indicators of the economic security of a particular region into a comparable form by normalizing them relative to the average values for all territories of the country. A rationing of basic indicators for assessing the state of economic security of the region is proposed. Economic security was assessed by calculating the integral coefficient, using the method of multivariate comparative analysis. To assess the economic security of the region, a group of indicators of macroeconomic development, social development, financial security, environmental security, personnel security was used, allowing to get an idea of economic security in general. It is proposed for each safety indicator to determine the best (reference) value, which is taken as a unit, then the indicators are compared for each safety component with the standard.
Sexualized Nationalism and Federal Human Trafficking Consultations: Shifting Discourses on Sex Trafficking in Canada
Authors: Durisin Elya M , van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p>Canada has engaged in a range of efforts to stop human trafficking within and across it borders. Federal and provincial governments have spent considerable funds in this regard, and have studied the issue to come up with perceived solutions. In this article, we explore Canada’s two national House of Commons standing committee consultations on trafficking, in 2006 and 2018. Using critical discourse analysis to examine the consultation transcripts and written briefs, we identified several significant shifts in both the language used and the areas of focus advanced by witnesses, in particular: the modified emphasis from international to domestic trafficking; the changing nature of vulnerability and victimhood; and an increased focus on youth sexual exploitation. We propose that what is being expressed is an iteration of Canadian sexualized nationalism and national sexual morality. These results have policy implications, especially with respect to promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies at a time when there are mounting pressures to restrict migration that often dovetail with concerns over human trafficking. Indeed, the way concerns over trafficking are expressed in Canada appears as a fear over women’s sexual agency and vulnerability as well as a need protect “our” boundaries from incursion, whether territorial or moral.</p>
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Research in carceral contexts: confronting access barriers and engaging former prisoners
Authors: Watson Tara Marie , van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p>Prison systems, with the ability to reject or approve applications for conducting research with incarcerated populations, function as shapers of carceral knowledge and thus can potentially close opportunities for new qualitative studies as well as affect the quality and richness of the data obtained. This article describes a collaborative research process wherein access to current prisoners was not granted, and only former prisoners who were not on parole were eligible to participate in the study. We provide a unique reflective analysis of how access barriers altered the scope of our research and may have impacted our findings were it not for a change in our recruitment plan. We also incorporate insights from multiple literatures that speak to the value, challenges, and ethical concerns associated with doing research with former prisoners. Our contribution to the qualitative carceral literature sparks new questions worthy of further in-depth exploration, in particular how to more meaningfully involve former prisoners in the research process.</p>
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Unpacking State Surveillance: Histories, Theories, and Global Contexts
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Heynen Robert 
Published: May 2023

<p>The field of surveillance studies has grown dramatically over the past two or three decades. Located primarily in sociology in its early days, surveillance has moved to the centre of debate in a variety of disciplines, not least in our own areas of criminology and communication studies. This surge in interest is often seen as a reflection of the rise of surveil-lance itself, a belief that now, unlike in previous periods, we live in a “surveillance society” (Marx, 1985, 2002). In part this novelty is asso-ciated with the rise of electronic and digital surveillance, producing a sense that we are all, and always, being watched. At the same time, new approaches in the field stress that while we are all being watched, this homogenizing perspective risks downplaying the extent to which sur-veillance is also highly differentiated (Gürses, Kundnani, & Van Hobo-ken, 2016), leading a number of scholars to focus on the dynamics of race (Browne, 2015; Fiske, 1998), sexuality, gender, and gender expres-sion (Beauchamp, 2009; Dubrofsky & Magnet, 2015; van der Meulen & Heynen, 2016), and embodiment and disability (Saltes, 2013). In addi-tion, and reflecting the perspective that surveillance practices are part of “a complex, multi-scalar, interconnected world” (Murakami Wood, 2009, p. 190), there has been increasing attention to how surveillance practices function in different global locations (see, for example, Dono-van, Frowd, & Martin, 2016; Firmino, Bruno, & Arteaga Botello, 2012; Svenonius & Björklund, 2018). What remains an open question, though, is how and to what extent this ubiquitous surveillance is radically new. </p>
A Legacy of Harm: Punitive Drug Policies and Women’s Carceral Experiences in Canada
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , De Shalit Ann , Chu Sandra Ka Hon 
Published: May 2023

<p>There is limited research on the gendered impacts of drug policies in Canada, despite the fact that women, Indigenous women in particular, are the country’s fastest growing prisoner population, with many incarcerated for drug-related crimes. This article highlights the results of a larger qualitative study with former prisoners in Ontario and community and medical experts from across the country. Focusing on the women research participants, we consider the lack of adequate and culturally-relevant substance use and harm reduction programming in federal prisons, and suggest a reformulation of Canada’s punitive drug policies toward a health and social welfare approach.</p>
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Building Dialogue on Prison Health: Improving Access to Harm Reduction in Federal Prisons
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Reece Rai , Chu Sandra Ka Hon 
Published: May 2023

<p>Drawing on a qualitative study with former federal prisoners in Ontario and key medical and community professionals from across the country, this commentary aims to build dialogue with the Correctional Service Canada on an essential harm reduction measure in prison, namely, prison needle and syringe programs (PNSPs). Research participants elucidated the main issues and challenges related to the implementation of PNSPs, listing correctional officers and the union that represents them as a central barrier. As the primary front-line workers in the prison setting and the staff with whom prisoners have the most frequent contact, correctional officers play a significant role in the success or failure of these indispensable programs. Yet despite the more than two decades of international evaluations that have demonstrated PNSP effectiveness in improving staff occupational safety, correctional officers and prison services remain resistant. </p>
“It Goes on Everywhere”: Injection Drug Use in Canadian Federal Prisons
Authors: van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p><em>Background:</em> International and Canadian research on in-prison injection drug use has documented the frequency of its occurrence as well as some of the resulting consequences such as increased prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C virus. Access to prison-based harm reduction programing is thus important. <em>Objectives:</em> The aim of this study was to learn from former prisoner experiences and insights on in-prison injection drug use in order to advance and improve access to harm reduction options, in particular prison-based needle and syringe programs (PNSPs). <em>Methods</em>: The qualitative and community-based study was conducted in 2014/2015 and included former prisoners from Ontario, Canada (<em>N</em> = 30) who had recent experience of incarceration in a federal prison and knowledge of injection drug use. Data analysis followed the deductive approach, drawing on the expertise of the academic and community-based research team members. <em>Results:</em> Interview and focus group participants disclosed that drugs are readily available in Canadian federal prisons and that equipment used to inject is accessed in a variety of ways, sometimes gained through illicit means and sometimes made by prisoners themselves. Equipment sharing is a frequent occurrence, and disposal of such supplies is rare. <em>Conclusions/Importance:</em> While not yet available in Canada, PNSPs have led to positive outcomes in international contexts, including reductions in needle sharing and transmission of HIV and hepatitis C. Support for PNSPs among numerous Canadian organizations and associations, along with a recent change in government, could suggest a renewed opportunity for PNSP implementation.</p>
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Securing the home: Gender, CCTV and the hybridized space of apartment buildings
Authors: Wright Jordana , Glasbeek Amanda , van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p> This article explores gendered narratives of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras in apartment buildings. Drawing on primary data from a study with a diversity of women in Toronto, Canada, the authors foreground women’s experiences with apartment living and situate it as a profoundly feminized domestic arrangement. Consideration of the workings of CCTV in apartment buildings troubles both security and surveillance studies, especially in the context of the dominant legal and ideological configuration of ‘the home’. The apartment is at once ‘the home’ and neighbourhood; it is simultaneously a private space that must be secured from external threats and a public space that inhabitants have little power to secure.</p>
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Action research with sex workers: Dismantling barriers and building bridges
Authors: van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p>Conventional sex work research has tended to pathologize women in the sex industry by studying them as victims who lack the ability to make informed decisions about their lives and their work. Radical feminist research in particular has been successful in affecting public discourses, policy debates, and research agendas in this regard. While sex workers themselves contradict and critique conventional social science and radical feminist research, rarely are their voices heard and rarely have they been included in research processes. Given this context, it is not uncommon for sex workers to refuse to engage in research studies unless they are members of the research team. Action research philosophies and practices, therefore, are particularly relevant and important in supporting a growing wave of sex work research that has been endorsed, influenced, and supported by sex working communities. This article draws on my experiences conducting a research project with a Canadian sex workers' rights organization to demonstrate to how participatory research methods can work to build bridges, dismantle barriers, and establish new relationships of trust and support between feminists and sex workers. Ultimately, Iargue in favor of the fundamental importance of action research moving from research on sex workers to research with sex workers.</p>
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Obstacles to sexual health services for youth: service providers' perspectives
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Oliver Vanessa , Flicker Sarah , Travers Robb 
Published: May 2023

<p>In 2006/2007, the Toronto Teen Survey investigated barriers and facilitators to youth (ages 13 to 18+) access to sexual health services. The results of the surveys were presented to 13 focus groups of 80 service providers (SPs) from 55 agencies around the Greater Toronto Area. Funding and resource allocation were seen as primary barriers to providing adequate sexual health promotion and services. Coding and analysis of focus group transcripts identified two primary categories of concern: (1) Distribution and Amount of Resources (including lack of funding, length of funding agreements, and increased competition for scarce financial resources among service providing organizations and agencies); and (2) Resources for Specific Services (including peer education, translation services, and targeting specific populations of youth). SPs recommendations for change included: approachable staff; school-based outreach; increased accessibility and visibility; peer-to-peer outreach; increased and constant funding; and sharing and partnerships among SPs. Implications for the improvement of youth sexual health services and promotion are discussed. </p>
The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act : The Good, the Bad, and the Ineffective
Authors: Butler-McPhee Janet , Chu Sandra Ka Hon , van der Meulen Emily 
Published: May 2023

<p>[Introduction]: "In Canada, people who use drugs are dying in record numbers. Between January 2016 and September 2019, more than 14,700 people died of apparent opioid overdoses in this country.1 In Ontario alone, more than 1450 people died from opioid-related causes in 2018.2 The overwhelming majority of these overdoses and deaths involve fentanyl or its analogues, a potent drug that is now present in many street drugs. Never before have we experienced an overdose crisis of this magnitude, which is only exacerbated by the criminalization of personal drug possession."</p>
The Gendered Lens : A report on Women's Experiences with Video Surveillance and Urban Security in Toronto
Authors: van der Meulen Emily , Glasbeek Amanda 
Published: May 2023

<p>Making sure people are safe in cities is an important issue. It is also very much a gendered one, as women tend to report higher levels of fear of crime than do men. One response to public fear of crime has been Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras. but, it is not clear if this kind of surveillance decreases women’s fear of crime and increases their sense of urban security. Our project, funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, set out to document and explain the relationship between CCTV cameras and women’s sense of urban security. </p>
Clinical research: the great absentee of the Italian University training programs?
Authors: Stabile Stefano , Franchina Veronica , Cenna Rosita , Sinno Valentina , Mannozzi Francesca , Federici Irene , Testoni Sara , Cagnazzo Celeste 
Published: May 2023

Background: In an era where clinical trials have become more and more complex and regulatory authorities impose very high quality standards, the education of clinical research professionals becomes crucial. As one of ICH-GCP guiding principles, adequate training should be ensured and included in educational programs.
Methods: In 2021, the Italian Group of Data Managers and Clinical Research Coordinators shared among professionals involved in clinical research an online survey aimed at investigating quality and characteristics of clinical research training provided during undergraduate and postgraduate Italian programs.
Results: The survey was completed by 280 professionals: 178 study coordinators, 29 clinical research associates, 20 project managers, 7 study nurses, and 44 others. The majority were 25-45 years old (n = 242, 86.4%), worked at experimental sites (n = 211, 75.4%), and almost all (n = 252, 90.0%) had at least a master’s degree, mainly in biology/biotechnology (n = 162, 57.9%) and pharmacy (n = 64, 22.9%). Clinical research education during the degree courses was considered poor by 73.6% (n = 206). The knowledge on clinical research professional world at the time of graduation was considered poor by 71.1% of participants (n = 199), like the knowledge of related career opportunities (71.1%, n = 199, poor). According to 85.0% of professionals (n = 238) additional postgraduate trainings were needed, mainly university master courses (47.50%, n = 133) and private institution courses (47.86%, n = 134). Postgraduate trainings were considered very useful by 71.4% (n = 200) of responders.
Conclusion: Our data suggest undergraduate programs on clinical research education failing at providing even the basic information on clinical research. Therefore, most professionals resort to specific additional postgraduate courses.
Lipid profiles of people with human immunodeficiency virus with dyslipidemia after switching from efavirenz to dolutegravir
Authors: Khemla Supphachoke , Meesing Atibordee , Sribenjalux Wantin , Chetchotisakd Ploenchan 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the long-term use of antiretroviral therapy, especially efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens, impact lipid profiles due to insulin resistance and lead to a higher risk of metabolic diseases. Dolutegravir (DTG) is an integrase inhibitor with better lipid profiles than EFV. However, data on treatment experience in Thailand are limited. The primary outcome was lipid profile changes at 24 weeks after switching therapy.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, open-label, cohort study in people with HIV aged ≥18 years who had undergone at least 6 months of EFV-based therapy, had HIV-1 ribonucleic acid levels <50 copies/mL for ≥6 months before switching, and were diagnosed with dyslipidemia or had risk factors for atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease based on modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
Results: Sixty-four patients were enrolled. The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 48.20 ± 10.46 years, and 67.19% were male. At week 24, there were decreases from baseline in mean total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, mean body weight and waist circumference had increased.
Conclusions: DTG resulted in better lipid profiles after switching from EFV-based therapy, suggesting that this switch could benefit patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it is essential to note that weight gain and increased waist circumference were also observed.