bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising Solder Materials from Random Vibration Response of Their Interconnects in BGA Packaging
Authors: Depiver Joshua A. , Mallik Sabuj , Amalu Emeka H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolder interconnection in electronic packaging is the weakest link, thus driving the reliability of electronic modules and systems. Improving interconnection integrity in safety-critical applications is vital in enhancing application reliability. This investigation qualifies the random vibration response of five essential solder compositions in ball grid array (BGA) solder joints used in safety-critical applications. The solder compositions are eutectic Sn63Pb37 and SnAgCu (SAC) 305, 387, 396, and 405. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) employing ANSYS finite element analysis and SolidWorks software is implemented in this investigation. The solder Sn63Pb37 deformed least at 0.43 µm, followed by SAC396 at 0.58 µm, while SAC405 deformed highest at 0.88 µm. Further analysis demonstrates that the possession of a higher elastic modulus and mass density culminates in lower solder joint deformation. Stress is concentrated at the periphery of the solder joints in contact with a printed circuit board (PCB). The SAC396 solder accumulates the lowest stress of 14.1 MPa, followed by SAC405 at 17.9 MPa, while eutectic Sn63Pb37 accrues the highest at 34.6 MPa. Similarly, strain concentration is found at the interface between the solder joint and copper pad on a PCB. SAC405 acquires the lowest elastic strain magnitude of 0.0011 mm/mm, while SAC305 records the highest strain of 0.002 mm/mm. These results demonstrate that SAC405 solder has maximum and SAC387 solder has minimum fatigue lives.
The Role of microRNA-23a-3p in the Progression of Human Aging Process by Targeting FOXO3a
Authors: Wang Shan , Sun Ying , Yao Lan , Xing Yunli , Yang Huayu , Ma Qing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAging results in deterioration of body functions and, ultimately, death. miRNAs contribute to the regulation of aging. The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of miRNAs to aging and senescence-related changes in gene expression. The expression changes of miRNAs in the blood of people and animal samples collected from different age subjects were examined using Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 microarray and qRT-PCR. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to examine the effect of miR-23a on cell functions in WI-38 cells. The expression levels of 48 miRNAs, including miR-23a, miR-21, and miR-100, in the blood samples were higher in the middle-aged group than in the young or elderly group. Animal studies further suggested that the expression of miR-23a increased with age. In addition, upregulation of miR-23a dramatically suppressed the cell proliferation and arrested the WI-38 cell cycle in vitro. FOXO3a has been identified as a target gene of miR-23a. MiR-23a downregulated the expression of FOXO3a in WI-38 cells. MiRNAs have different expression levels in different age groups. miR-23a could suppress cell proliferation and arrest the cell cycle in WI-38 cells, which elucidated the mechanism through which miR-23a exerts pivotal role in WI-38 cells by targeting FOXO3a.
Silica NPs–Cytotoxicity Cross-Talk: Physicochemical Principles and Cell Biology Responses
Authors: Nekounam Houra , Malakootikhah Javad , Shaterabadi Donya , Negahdari Babak , Kandi Mohammad Reza , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany advances have been made in the preparation, optimization, and applications of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical nanotechnology. Considering this, the broader human, environmental, and industrial contacts with these NPs are inevitable. Improved knowledge of the physicochemical properties of silica NPs and their interactions with biological systems at the cellular level is essential for the rational design of silica NPs. This can involve the deliberately enhanced or decreased cellular responses and toxicity. Therefore, controlling the risk of toxicity can better guide the design of silica NPs for drug delivery and bioimaging systems. Various reports have discussed the toxicology of silica NPs. However, the mechanisms underlying the cellular responses to these NPs remain unclear. Here, we discuss the physicochemical-biological interactions governing the cellular responses and toxicity of silica NPs.
Graphical Abstract
Protecting peatlands requires understanding stakeholder perceptions and relational values: A case study of peatlands in the Yorkshire Dales
Authors: Lees Kirsten J. , Carmenta Rachel , Condliffe Ian , Gray Anne , Marquis Lyndon , Lenton Timothy M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSustainable peatland management is a global environmental governance challenge given peat’s carbon storage. Peatlands worldwide are sites of contested demands between stakeholders with distinct management priorities. In the United Kingdom, peatland management is a focus of political interest for nature-based solutions (NBS), causing tensions with land managers who feel their traditional knowledge is undervalued. Using Q-method (a semi-quantitative method for clarifying distinct viewpoints) with estate managers, gamekeepers, farmers, and employees of land-owning organisations, we explored perceptions around changing upland management in the Yorkshire Dales. Land managers hold strong values of ownership, aesthetics, and stewardship. The prospect of changing management causes fears of losing these relational values alongside instrumental values. Yorkshire Dales stakeholders agreed on NBS aims (reducing flooding, limiting wildfires, protecting wild birds), but disagreed on methods to achieve these. Our research supports engaging local stakeholders at all stages of peatland protection schemes to minimise resentment towards top-down management.
Collision term for uniformly magnetized plasmas
Authors: Dong Chao , Zhang Wenlu , Cao Jintao , Li Ding 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCollision process is crucial to the transport in magnetized plasmas. This article reviews the three typical approaches, i.e. the Fokker-Planck (FP) approach, the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirwood-Yvon (BBGKY) approach, and the quasilinear (QL) approach, to deriving the kinetic equation for weakly coupled uniformly magnetized plasmas. The collision terms derived based on these three approaches are shown to be identical and satisfy the conservation laws and H theorem. Relatively speaking, the BBGKY and QL approaches are more systematic and readily to be generalized from weakly magnetized plasmas to strongly magnetized plasmas. The FP approach is pretty simple for weakly magnetized plasmas and has the advantage that the collision term derived based on it can be naturally separated into two parts, one part arising from the polarization and the other from the correlation of the fluctuating electrostatic field. However, the usual form of the FP equation is not suitable for strongly magnetized plasmas. To derive the magnetized collision term based on the FP approach, a general form of the FP equation for magnetized plasmas has to be found first.
Synthesis optimization and adsorption modeling of biochar for pollutant removal via machine learning
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Chen Ronghua , Li Jie , Huang Tianyin , Wu Bingdang , Ma Jun , Wen Qingqi , Tan Jie , Huang Wenguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to large specific surface area, abundant functional groups and low cost, biochar is widely used for pollutant removal. The adsorption performance of biochar is related to biochar synthesis and adsorption parameters. But the influence factor is numerous, the traditional experimental enumeration is powerless. In recent years, machine learning has been gradually employed for biochar, but there is no comprehensive review on the whole process regulation of biochar adsorbents, covering synthesis optimization and adsorption modeling. This review article systematically summarized the application of machine learning in biochar adsorbents from the perspective of all-round regulation for the first time, including the synthesis optimization and adsorption modeling of biochar adsorbents. Firstly, the overview of machine learning was introduced. Then, the latest advances of machine learning in biochar synthesis for pollutant removal were summarized, including prediction of biochar yield and physicochemical properties, optimal synthetic conditions and economic cost. And the application of machine learning in pollutant adsorption by biochar was reviewed, covering prediction of adsorption efficiency, optimization of experimental conditions and revelation of adsorption mechanism. General guidelines for the application of machine learning in whole-process optimization of biochar from synthesis to adsorption were presented. Finally, the existing problems and future perspectives of machine learning for biochar adsorbents were put forward. We hope that this review can promote the integration of machine learning and biochar, and thus light up the industrialization of biochar.
Graphical Abstract
International guideline on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for colorectal cancer (2023 version)
Authors: Liu Zheng , Guan Xu , Zhang Mingguang , Hu Xiyue , Yang Ming , Bai Junge , Li Jun , Yu Shaojun , Ding Kefeng , He Qingsi , Kang Liang , Ma Dan , Fu Chuangang , Hu Junhong , Wei Ye , Sun Donghui , Yu Gang , He Songbing , Wang Changyou , Gao Yanwei , Wang Guiyu , Yao Hongliang , Peng Jian , Zheng Yangchun , Jiang Bo , Li Taiyuan , Xiong Zhiguo , Sun Xuejun , Wang Zhenning , Meng William , Chen William Tzu-Liang , Shen Ming-Yin , Marks John H. , Ternent Charles A. , Shaw Darcy D. , Khan Jim S. , Tsarkov Petr , Tulina Inna , Efetov Sergey , da Costa Pereira Joaquim Manuel , Nogueira Fernanda , Escalante Ricardo , Leroy Joel , Saklani Avanish , Dulskas Audrius , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Nishimura Atsushi , Uehara Kay , Lee Woo-Yong , Kim Sang-Hoo , Lee Suk-Hwan , Wang Xishan ,   Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, International NOSES Alliance
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In recent years, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has gained widespread attention as an alternative approach. Although the safety and feasibility of NOSES have been well documented, many questions remain open for discussion. The aim of this guideline is to provide more evidence for the promotion of NOSES.

Methods
This guideline has been prepared by the CACA Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society and the International NOSES Alliance, based on the latest evidence.

Results
The guideline on NOSES for colorectal cancer include the definition, classification, technology requirement, indications, technical difficulties and clinical research.

Conclusion
The guideline provides a full introduction of the theoretical and technical aspects of NOSES for colorectal cancer which will beneficial to development of NOSES.
Association of vasopressors with mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mermiri Maria , Mavrovounis Georgios , Laou Eleni , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Chalkias Athanasios 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExogenous catecholamines may have pronounced side effects and affect physiological cascades. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vasopressors on mortality of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted for relevant articles until December 2022. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled and non-randomized trials. The primary outcome was in-hospital and 30-day mortality. The quality of studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) tool, while paired meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled risk ratios (RR) along with their 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Analyses of 22 studies (n = 8034) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with mortality compared to no vasopressor therapy [RR (95%CI): 4.30 (3.21, 5.75); p < 0.001]. In-hospital and 30-day mortality are significantly higher in patients who receive vasopressors [RR (95%CI): 4.60 (2.47, 8.55); p < 0.001 and RR (95%CI): 2.97 (1.72, 5.14); p < 0.001, respectively]. Also, analyses of data from 10 studies (n = 3519) revealed that vasopressor use is associated with acute kidney injury [RR (95%CI): 3.17 (2.21, 4.54); p < 0.001]. In conclusion, current use of vasopressors in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may be associated with higher in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and incidence rate of acute kidney injury. Further research is required to estimate the correlation of specific vasopressor characteristics (type, timing, dose, combination) with adverse effects and mortality in this population.
Graphical Abstract
Gut Microbiome Variation Along a Lifestyle Gradient Reveals Threats Faced by Asian Elephants
Authors: Zhang Chengbo , Lian Zhenghan , Xu Bo , Shen Qingzhong , Bao Mingwei , Huang Zunxi , Jiang Hongchen , Li Wenjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiome is closely related to host nutrition and health. However, the relationships between gut microorganisms and host lifestyle are not well characterized. In the absence of confounding geographic variation, we defined clear patterns of variation in the gut microbiomes of Asian elephants (AEs) in the Wild Elephant Valley, Xishuangbanna, China, along a lifestyle gradient (completely captive, semicaptive, semiwild, and completely wild). A phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene sequences highlighted that the microbial diversity decreased as the degree of captivity increased. Furthermore, the results showed that the bacterial taxon WCHB1-41_c was substantially affected by lifestyle variations. qRT-PCR analysis revealed a paucity of genes related to butyrate production in the gut microbiome of AEs with a completely wild lifestyle, which may be due to the increased unfavorable environmental factors. Overall, these results demonstrate the distinct gut microbiome characteristics among AEs with a gradient of lifestyles and provide a basis for designing strategies to improve the well-being or conservation of this important animal species.
Characteristics of non-accidental injuries in children and adolescents in Asia: a cross-national, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Wang Po-Yuan , Tseng Wei-Chieh , Lee Meng-Chang , Hsu Li-Min , Shin Sang Do , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faizah , Tanaka Hideharu , Son Do Ngoc , Hong Ki Jeong , Riyapan Sattha , Haedar Ali , Chiang Wen-Chu ,   The PATOS Clinical Research Network,   Participating Site Investigators, Rao Ramana , Abraham George P. , Ramakrishnan T. V. , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faiwah , Mohidin Mohd Amin Bin , Saim Al-Hilmi , Kean Lim Chee , Anthonysamy Cecilia , Yssof Shah Jahan Din Mohd , Ji Kang Wen , Kheng Cheah Phee , Ali Shamila bt Mohamad , Ramanathan Periyanayaki , Yang Chia Boon , Chia Hon Woei , Hamad Hafidahwati binti , Ismail Samsu Ambia , Abdullah Wan Rasydan B. Wan , Tanaka Hideharu , Kimura Akio , Velasco Bernadett , Gundran Carlos D. , Convocar Pauline , G.Sabarre Nerissa , Tiglao Patrick Joseph , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Kyoung Jun , Jeong Joo , Moon Sung Woo , Kim Joo-yeong , Cha Won Chul , Lee Seung Chul , Ahn Jae Yun , Lee Kang Hyeon , Yeom Seok Ran , Ryu Hyeon Ho , Kim Su Jin , Kim Sang Chul , Hsu Li-Min , Sun Jen Tang , Wang Ruei-Fang , Hsieh Shang-Lin , Kao Wei-Fong , Riyapan Sattha , Tianwibool Parinya , Buaprasert Phudit , Akaraborworn Osaree , Al Sakaf Omer Ahmed , LLC Saleh Fares , Huy Le Bao , Son Do Ngoc , Van Dai Nguyen ,   Participating Nation Investigators, Ramakrishnan T. V. , Jamaluddin Sabariah Faiwah , Tanaka Hideharu , Velasco Bernadett , Hong Ki Jeong , Sun Jen Tang , Khruekarnchana Pairoj , LLC Saleh Fares , Son Do Ngoc 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren and adolescents are vulnerable to non-accidental injury. Early identification and prevention rely on detailed epidemiological studies, which are limited in Asia. This retrospective study used the registry data of Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study (PATOS) from October 1, 2015 to December, 31, 2020. Pediatric patients (aged < 20 years) with non-accidental injuries were enrolled, which were divided by age into preschool (0–6 years), child (7–12 years), and adolescent (13–19 years) groups. Baseline characteristics, injury epidemiology, and excess mortality ratio-adjusted injury severity score (EMR-ISS) were collected. Major trauma was defined as an EMR-ISS score > 24. The study enrolled 451 patients with non-accidental injuries, accounting for 2.81% of pediatric trauma events presented to an emergency department in the PATOS registry. The overall mortality rate was 0.9%, similar to those in Western countries. Mortality rate was high in preschool children (8.7%, p = 0.017) than in other age groups. The sex-specific incidence was higher in boys (3.10% vs. 2.13%, p = 0.001). In adolescents, more events occurred on the street (25.9%), whereas home remained the most common locale in girls of all ages. In the multivariable regression analysis, abdominal and multiple injuries were risk factors for major trauma.
Transformer's frequency response analysis results interpretation using a novel cross entropy based methodology
Authors: Parkash Chander , Abbasi Ali Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransformer defects can be identified by the FRA (frequency response analysis) that is a promising diagnostic technique. Despite the standardization in FRA measuring technique, its results interpretation is yet a research area. Because different faults types can be identified in various frequency bounds of the FRA signatures, it is necessary to identify the possible relationships between specific failures and frequency ranges in this contribution. For this purpose, a real transformer is used to conduct the essential tests, which include both healthy and faulted circumstances (axial displacement (AD), radial deformation (RD), and short-circuits (SC)). To identify efficient characteristics from the produced frequency response traces and improve interpretation accuracy of such traces, a new hyperbolic fuzzy cross entropy (FCE) measure is demonstrated and then utilized for the aim of discrimination and classification of transformer winding defects in pre-defined frequency ranges. After normalizing FRA results of the transformer under healthy and various fault circumstances the lower bounds from such responses have been extracted and then utilized to construct the desired form of the fuzzy sets of healthy and faulted circumstances. Then, a new hyperbolic FCE measure-based discrimination and classification of winding faults methodology is offered on the basis of highest and lowest FCE measure values. The highest FCE measure value between the fuzzy sets of healthy and faulted circumstances such as AD, RD and SC is designated to confirm the occurrence of winding faults in a suitable frequency range. The suggested methodology ensures smart interpretation of FRA signature and accurate classification of winding faults as it can effectively discriminate both healthy and faulted circumstances in the desired frequency ranges. The proposed approaches' performance is tested and compared by applying the experimental data after feature extraction.
A novel CT image de-noising and fusion based deep learning network to screen for disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Khan Sajid Ullah , Ullah Imdad , Ullah Najeeb , Shah Sajid , Affendi Mohammed El , Lee Bumshik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been declared a global pandemic by WHO. It first appeared in China at the end of 2019 and quickly spread throughout the world. During the third layer, it became more critical. COVID-19 spread is extremely difficult to control, and a huge number of suspected cases must be screened for a cure as soon as possible. COVID-19 laboratory testing takes time and can result in significant false negatives. To combat COVID-19, reliable, accurate and fast methods are urgently needed. The commonly used Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction has a low sensitivity of approximately 60% to 70%, and sometimes even produces negative results. Computer Tomography (CT) has been observed to be a subtle approach to detecting COVID-19, and it may be the best screening method. The scanned image's quality, which is impacted by motion-induced Poisson or Impulse noise, is vital. In order to improve the quality of the acquired image for post segmentation, a novel Impulse and Poisson noise reduction method employing boundary division max/min intensities elimination along with an adaptive window size mechanism is proposed. In the second phase, a number of CNN techniques are explored for detecting COVID-19 from CT images and an Assessment Fusion Based model is proposed to predict the result. The AFM combines the results for cutting-edge CNN architectures and generates a final prediction based on choices. The empirical results demonstrate that our proposed method performs extensively and is extremely useful in actual diagnostic situations.
Investigation of a wearable piezoelectric-IMU multi-modal sensing system for real-time muscle force estimation
Authors: Lu Yun , Cao Yudong , Chen Yi , Li Hui , Li Weihua , Du Haiping , Zhang Shiwu , Sun Shuaishuai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Piezoelectric based ultrasonic transducer shows a promising application prospect in the wearable muscle force estimator by detecting the morphological-biochemical peculiarity of human motion. However, due to the nonlinearity of muscle contraction, muscle force estimation in a dynamic motion, such as leg lifting, is still a challenge. In this study, a wearable multi-sensory system was developed for muscle force estimation in the isometric contraction assessment and during the dynamic training. A customized wearable ultrasound system was adopted for real-time deformation measurement of muscle, and an inertial measurement unit sensor was utilized to detect the joint angle. Thus, the muscle force can be predicted by identifying the muscle deformation as well as considering the muscle thickness change caused by the joint angel variation. The robustness and efficiency of the system was investigated by evaluating the muscle force of the rectus femoris during the isometric contraction assessment and the knee’s dynamic exercise. The accuracy of muscle force prediction is over 90%. During the knee’s dynamic exercise, the predicted force output of the lower-limb agreed well with the measured value, demonstrating the promising application of the system in dynamic muscle force estimation. This approach can provide real-time muscle force information for the patients to improve the rehabilitative training effect when using an exoskeletal rehabilitation robot as well as evaluate their recovery situation.
Triangle mechanism in the decay process
*
Authors: Lu Jialiang , Luo Xuan , Song Mao , Li Gang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The role of the triangle mechanism in the decay processes

and

is probed. In these processes, the triangle singularity appears from the decay of

into

, and then, ϕ decays into

and

merged into

or

, which finally decay into

and

, respectively. We find that this mechanism leads to a triangle singularity around

and gives sizable branching fractions

and

. This investigation can help us obtain the information of the scalar meson

or

.