bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anion Exchange of Metal Particles on Carbon‐Based Skeletons for Promoting Dielectric Equilibrium and High‐Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Hou Tianqi , Wang Jianwei , Zheng Tingting , Liu Yue , Wu Guanglei , Yin Pengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe combination of carbon materials and magnetic elements is considered as an effective strategy to obtain high‐performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. However, using nanoscale regulation to the optimization of composite material dielectric properties and enhanced magnetic loss properties is facing significant challenges. Here, the dielectric constant and magnetic loss capability of the carbon skeleton loaded with Cr compound particles are further tuned to enhance the EMW absorption performance. After 700 °C thermal resuscitation of the Cr3‐polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite material, the chromium compound is represented as a needle‐shaped structure of nanoparticles, which is fixed on the carbon skeleton derived from the polymer. The size‐optimized CrN@PC composites are obtained after the substitution of more electronegative nitrogen elements using an anion‐exchange strategy. The minimum reflection loss value of the composite is −105.9 dB at a CrN particle size of 5 nm, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 7.68 GHz (complete Ku‐band coverage) at 3.0 mm. This work overcomes the limitations of impedance matching imbalance and magnetic loss deficiency in carbon‐based materials through size tuning, and opens a new way to obtain carbon‐based composites with ultra‐high attenuation capability.
Theoretical Insights into Single‐Atom Catalysts Supported on N‐Doped Defective Graphene for Fast Reaction Redox Kinetics in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Duan Tengfei , Wang Li , Ma Zhongyun , Pei Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts are proven to be an effective strategy for suppressing shuttle effect at the source by accelerating the redox kinetics of intermediate polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, only a few 3d transition metal single‐atom catalysts (Ti, Fe, Co, Ni) are currently applied for sulfur reduction/oxidation reactions (SRR/SOR), which remains challenging for screening new efficient catalysts and understanding the relationship between structure–activity of catalysts. Herein, N‐doped defective graphene (NG) supported 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals are used as single‐atom catalyst models to explore electrocatalytic SRR/SOR in Li–S batteries by using density functional theory calculations. The results show that M1/NG (M1 = Ru, Rh, Ir, Os) exhibits lower free energy change of rate‐determining step and Li2S decomposition energy barrier, which significantly enhance the SRR and SOR activity compared to other single‐atom catalysts. Furthermore, the study accurately predicts the by machine learning based on various descriptors and reveals the origin of the catalyst activity by analyzing the importance of the descriptors. This work provides great significance for understanding the relationships between the structure–activity of catalysts, and manifests that the employed machine learning approach is instructive for theoretical studies of single‐atom catalytic reactions.
Advance in Nanomedicine for Improving Mucosal Penetration and Effective Therapy of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Liu Yu , Yang Ziyi , Feng Linglin , Xia Yu , Wei Gang , Lu Weiyue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsufficient intratumor drug distribution and serious adverse effects are often associated with systemic chemotherapy for cervical cancer. Considering the location of cervical cancer, access to the cervix through the vagina may provide an alternative administration route for high drug amounts at the tumor site, minimal systemic exposure as well as convenience of non‐invasive self‐medication. Enormous progress has been made in nanomedicine to improve mucosal penetration and enhance the effectiveness of therapy for cervical cancer. This review article first introduce the physiological state of cervicovaginal cavity and the characteristics of intravaginal environment in cervical cancers. Based on introduction to the physiological state of cervicovaginal cavity and the characteristics of intravaginal environment in cervical cancers, both “first mucus‐adhering then mucosal penetration” and “first mucus‐penetrating then mucosal penetration” strategies are discussed with respect to mechanism, application condition, and examples. Finally, existing challenges and future directions are envisioned in the rational design, facile synthesis, and comprehensive utilization of nanomedicine for local therapy of cervical cancer. This review is expected to provide useful reference information for future research on nanomedicine for intravaginally administered formulations for topical treatment of cervical cancer.
The incidence of acute lower limb thrombosis, in symptomatic patients detected with ultrasound, with consideration of recent COVID‐19 vaccination or infection
Authors: Jardine Emma , McLean Glenda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAfter the COVID‐19 vaccination roll out began in March 2021 patients began presenting to a Victorian Emergency Department with lower limb pain following their vaccination. As a result, radiology requests for ultrasound examinations, to exclude post vaccination deep vein thrombosis (DVT) began appearing.MethodA retrospective search of lower limb venous ultrasound examinations was undertaken for a 1‐year period from March 2021 to February 2022. Patients were included in the study if they had a clinical indication of having been referred following COVID‐19 vaccination. Bivariate analysis was conducted, using logistic regression, to determine the strength of association between independent variables (i.e., age, gender, vaccination status, and COVID‐19 diagnosis) and dependent variables (i.e., a diagnosis of DVT and superficial vein thrombosis [SVT]).ResultsThe study found 1627 examinations had a lower limb venous ultrasound examination over the study period. Ultrasound was positive for acute DVT in 218/1627 examinations (13.4%). 104/1627 (6.4%) presented for ultrasound following COVID‐19 vaccination. Six of these were found to have acute lower limb DVT detected. The association between post vaccination and DVT was an odds ratio (OR) of 0.379 (95% CI 0.164–0.874, p = .023). All examinations that were diagnosed with acute thrombus had recently received AstraZeneca (AZ) (Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1‐S/nCoV‐19) vaccine. Four examinations were diagnosed with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) post recent COVID‐19 vaccination. One patient was diagnosed with Vaccine Induced Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia after their first dose of AZ.ConclusionThis study found 6/1627 (0.37%) lower limb venous ultrasound examinations, over a 1‐year period, were positive for acute DVT after COVID‐19 vaccination. The results showed post vaccination examinations were less likely to be diagnosed with a DVT than the population referred who had not had recent vaccination.
Optimization of Extraction of Pectin from Valencia “Midknight” Orange Peels with Citric Acid Solution
Authors: Bogdanoff Nicolas M. , Iribarren A. Oscar , Stechina Eliseo Damián , Mascheroni Rodolfo Horacio , Caicedo Chacon Wilson Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extraction of pectin from Valencia “Midknight” orange peels with a citric acid solution is experimentally studied, and these data are used to model and then optimize the process. The experimental data reported are the pectinesterase activity as a function of blanching time, the moisture of orange peel as a function of drying time, and the amount of pectin extracted as a function of extraction time at different ratios of citric acid solution to orange peel. These data permit finding the equilibrium and kinetics parameters of the extraction model, such as the diffusivity of pectin through the peel D = 3.0375 × 10−11 m2 s−1. Then, the model is used to optimize the extraction variables: the optimal extent of extraction is located on an upper bound imposed on the extraction time, which must not exceed 1 h due to product quality considerations and the optimal ratio of solution to solids is R = 15.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes: 14
Authors: Klazenga Niels 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe following two names of bryophytes are recommended for conservation: Oreas Brid. against Oreas Cham. & Schltdl. and Ptychomitrium against Ulophyllum. Also, the vascular plant name Distichia Nees & Meyen is recommended for conservation against the bryophyte name Distichia (Brid.) Brid. Conservation of the name Plagiomnium against Orthomnion and Orthomniopsis is not recommended. The name Riccia sinuata is recommended for rejection. Furthermore, two publications by Stephani are reommended to be added to the list of suppressed works for new generic names in Appendix I of the Code. The Committee considers Parisia Broth. and Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue not confusable.
Endoscopic stapedotomy: A comparison between the conventional approach versus CO2 laser‐assisted surgery
Authors: Pradhan Pradeep , Karakkandy Vinusree , Preetam Chappity , Parida Pradipta K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the utility of laser fiber in microscopic stapes surgery has been documented in the past, their role can be highly emphasized in endoscopic stapes surgery, especially in difficult anatomical situations.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of cases where a total of 46 patients (22 in conventional stapedotomy and 24 in CO2 laser‐assisted stapedotomy) were included in the study. The clinical parameters were assessed both in the preoperative and postoperative periods in the respective groups and later compared 12 weeks after stapedotomy.ResultsA total of 90.90% (20/22) of the patients in the conventional stapedotomy and 95.83% (23/24) of patients in laser‐assisted stapedotomy had <20 dB of AB gap in the postoperative period (P = 0.71). Canaloplasty was required in six patients in the conventional stapedotomy and none of the patients in the laser group needed the same (P = 0.01). Chorda tympani nerve was manipulated in 59.09% (13/22) and 25.00% (6/24) of cases in the conventional group and in the CO2 laser group, respectively (P = 0.01).ConclusionAlthough the audiological outcomes with fiber‐enabled CO2 laser in endoscopic stapedotomy are comparable to conventional surgery, it is a better tool in a narrow auditory canal, requiring minimal manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve.
Adapting conservation breeding techniques using a data‐driven approach to restore the ‘Alalā (Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis)
Authors: Flanagan Alison M. , Masuda Bryce , Komarczyk Lisa , Kuhar Amy , Farabaugh Susan , Swaisgood Ronald R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor some critically endangered species, conservation breeding is a vital steppingstone toward re‐establishing wild populations. The ‘Alalā (Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis), currently extinct in the wild, exists today only in a conservation breeding program, which, for many years, utilized successful hands‐on husbandry approaches such as separating and resocializing pairs, providing partially manmade nests, artificially incubating eggs, and puppet rearing nestlings. Yet, a top priority of any conservation breeding program is to retain natural behaviors essential to postrelease survival and reproduction, to achieve successful reintroduction and restoration to the wild. We describe how we are adapting ‘Alalā husbandry techniques to strengthen pair bonds through full‐time socialization, enable pairs to build robust nests, encourage females to incubate eggs to hatch, and provide pairs and their offspring with vital parental rearing experiences. We discuss the use of standardized, data‐driven methods to objectively track our progress towards successful parental breeding and to select release candidates based on their likelihood to survive and breed in the wild. The information shared in this report can be applied to other conservation breeding programs, particularly those implementing or transitioning to husbandry techniques geared towards preparing species to thrive in the wild.
The Significance of Politicization: The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Procurement Processes in Canada and Australia, 2000–2022
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen examining the acquisition of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) by most western defence departments, the close historical and military connections between these countries with the United States only go so far in terms of an explanation for why some have adopted this platform and others have not. Adoption is by no means automatic and the features of large military platform procurement processes, which are both long-term and involve very large expenditures, with their idiosyncratic nature, multiple actors and strategic policy directions, have played an important role in this area, just as they have when purchasing warships and other military equipment. In this chapter, we compare how Australia and Canada chose to operate when considering the replacement of their ageing F-18 multirole fighters. Again, this process features two very similar countries and the same weapons system, and the different outcome each has had in this case again reveals the significant factors concerning the processes which led to those decisions, and the impact of politics in explaining both the commonalities and differences in the defence procurement approaches of the two countries.
Grundlagen des Bestärkenden Lernens
Authors: Lang Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Kapitel soll das Themengebiet des bestärkenden Lernens theoretisch fundiert werden. Das bestärkende Lernen ordnet sich dem maschinellen Lernen unter, welches wiederum der Methodenwelt der künstlichen Intelligenz angehört. In Abschnitt 3.1 wird deshalb zunächst das bestärkende Lernen in die Themengebiete der künstlichen Intelligenz und des maschinellen Lernens eingeordnet. Abschnitt 3.2 skizziert das Grundprinzip des bestärkenden Lernens und führt ferner eine Taxonomie ein, gemäß welcher die Methoden des bestärkenden Lernens in dieser Arbeit klassifiziert werden. Die beiden Hauptkategorien dieser Taxonomie bilden das gradientenabhängige und das gradientenfreie bestärkende Lernen, die wiederum in den Abschnitten 3.3 und 3.4 separat erläutert werden.
Erwerbsarmut und subjektive Gesundheit während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine Zeitvergleichsstudie mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels 1995–2021
Authors: Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Demirer Ibrahim 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Erwerbsarme gelten als vulnerable Gruppe. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob sich die Gesundheitsunterschiede zwischen Erwerbsarmen und Nicht-Erwerbsarmen während der COVID-19-Pandemie verstärkt haben, und führt dazu einen Zeitvergleich mit früheren Phasen ökonomischer Krisen und arbeitsmarktpolitischer Reformen durch.

Methoden
Die Analysen basieren auf dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel (SOEP, 1995–2020) und der Sondererhebung zu den sozioökonomischen Faktoren und Folgen der Verbreitung des Coronavirus in Deutschland (SOEP-CoV, 2020–2021). Alle Erwerbstätigen im Alter von 18–67 Jahren wurden in den Analysen berücksichtigt, um die Risiken einer schlechten subjektiven Gesundheit durch Erwerbsarmut auf Basis gepoolter logistischer Regression nach Geschlecht zu berechnen.

Ergebnisse
Die subjektive Gesundheit verbesserte sich im Allgemeinen in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand blieben zwischen Erwerbsarmen und Nicht-Erwerbsarmen zwischen 1995 und 2021 relativ konstant. Personen, die im Zeitverlauf häufiger von Erwerbsarmut betroffen waren, wiesen das höchste Risiko einer unzureichenden Gesundheit auf. Die mit der Häufigkeit von Erwerbsarmut assoziierten Gesundheitsunterschiede sind im Zeitverlauf angestiegen und erreichten bei beiden Geschlechtern in der Pandemie ihren Höhepunkt. Signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede konnten nicht identifiziert werden.

Diskussion
Die Studie verdeutlicht die gesellschaftliche Verankerung von Erwerbsarmut als Determinante einer unzureichenden Gesundheit. Insbesondere Personen, die im Erwerbsleben häufiger von Erwerbsarmut betroffen waren, gelten als besonders vulnerabel gegenüber einer unzureichenden Gesundheit. Tendenziell erscheint die COVID-19-Pandemie diesen Gradienten in der Gesundheit zu verstärken.
A Python script for discontinuity layout optimization
Authors: He Linwei , Schiantella Mattia , Gilbert Matthew , Smith Colin C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a powerful numerical limit analysis technique that can be used to identify the collapse load and associated failure mechanism of a solid or structure. The method successfully automates the traditional ‘upper bound’ method of plasticity, with applications including metal extrusion problems, where die forces are sought, and geotechnical engineering problems, where the stability of foundations or retaining walls are to be established. Notably the basic DLO method uses the same underlying mathematical formulation as ‘ground structure’-based truss layout (or ‘topology’) optimization and is demonstrated in this contribution via a Python script capable of solving plane strain limit analysis problems. Extensions to the basic method are presented to allow treatment of larger-scale problems incorporating cohesive-frictional materials, and with self-weight treated in a new and conceptually elegant way. Finally, various examples are presented to illustrate the capabilities of DLO, with displacement vectors shown to aid interpretation.
Duplex sequencing provides detailed characterization of mutation frequencies and spectra in the bone marrow of MutaMouse males exposed to procarbazine hydrochloride
Authors: Dodge Annette E. , LeBlanc Danielle P. M. , Zhou Gu , Williams Andrew , Meier Matthew J. , Van Phu , Lo Fang Yin , Valentine III Charles C. , Salk Jesse J. , Yauk Carole L. , Marchetti Francesco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMutagenicity testing is an essential component of health safety assessment. Duplex Sequencing (DS), an emerging high-accuracy DNA sequencing technology, may provide substantial advantages over conventional mutagenicity assays. DS could be used to eliminate reliance on standalone reporter assays and provide mechanistic information alongside mutation frequency (MF) data. However, the performance of DS must be thoroughly assessed before it can be routinely implemented for standard testing. We used DS to study spontaneous and procarbazine (PRC)-induced mutations in the bone marrow (BM) of MutaMouse males across a panel of 20 diverse genomic targets. Mice were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg-bw/day for 28 days by oral gavage and BM sampled 42 days post-exposure. Results were compared with those obtained using the conventional lacZ viral plaque assay on the same samples. DS detected significant increases in mutation frequencies and changes to mutation spectra at all PRC doses. Low intra-group variability within DS samples allowed for detection of increases at lower doses than the lacZ assay. While the lacZ assay initially yielded a higher fold-change in mutant frequency than DS, inclusion of clonal mutations in DS mutation frequencies reduced this discrepancy. Power analyses suggested that three animals per dose group and 500 million duplex base pairs per sample is sufficient to detect a 1.5-fold increase in mutations with > 80% power. Overall, we demonstrate several advantages of DS over classical mutagenicity assays and provide data to support efforts to identify optimal study designs for the application of DS as a regulatory test.
Convexity for free boundaries with singular term (nonlinear elliptic case)
Authors: Jeon Seongmin , Shahgholian Henrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a free boundary problem in an exterior domain $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} Lu=g(u)&{}\text {in }\Omega \setminus K,\\ u=1 &{} \text {on }\partial K,\\ |\nabla u|=0 &{}\text {on }\partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

L
u
=
g
(
u
)

in

Ω
\
K
,

u
=
1

on

∂
K
,

|
∇
u
|
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

where K is a (given) convex and compact set in $${\mathbb R}^n$$

R

n

($$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

), $$\Omega =\{u>0\}\supset K$$

Ω
=
{
u
>
0
}
⊃
K

is an unknown set, and L is either a fully nonlinear or the p-Laplace operator. Under suitable assumptions on K and g, we prove the existence of a nonnegative quasi-concave solution to the above problem. We also consider the cases when the set K is contained in $$\{x_n=0\}$$

{

x
n

=
0
}

, and obtain similar results.
Geometric realizations of birational transformations via $${{\mathbb {C}}}^*$$-actions
Authors: Occhetta Gianluca , Romano Eleonora A. , Solá Conde Luis E. , Wiśniewski Jarosław A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study varieties admitting torus actions as geometric realizations of birational transformations. We present an explicit construction of these geometric realizations for a particular class of birational transformations, and study some of their geometric properties, such as their Mori, Nef and Movable cones.
Clinical characteristics of visual motion hypersensitivity: a systematic review
Authors: Wibble Tobias , Pansell Tony 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis qualitative systematic review presents an overview of the state of the research relating to visual motion hypersensitivity (VMH) and offers a reference tool for future studies in the field. The study set out to identify and collate articles investigating risk groups with aberrant responses to visual motion as compared to healthy control groups, presenting evidence for risk factors associated with visual motion hypersensitivity. Data were synthesized into the state of the research and analyzed in the context of the clinical characteristics of each risk factor. Literature searches were performed on Medline Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cinahl, identifying a total of 586 studies of which 54 were finally included. Original articles published between the dates of commencement for each database and 19th January 2021 were included. JBI critical appraisal tools were implemented for each corresponding article type. In total, the following number of studies was identified for each respective risk factor: age (n = 6), migraines (n = 8), concussions (n = 8), vestibular disorders (n = 13), psychiatric conditions (n = 5), and Parkinson’s disease (n = 5). Several studies described VMH as the primary concern (n = 6), though these primarily included patients with vestibulopathies. There were considerable differences in the nomenclature employed to describe VMH, depending largely on the investigating group. An overview of investigated risk factors and their evaluation methods was presented in a Sankey diagram. Posturography was the most implemented methodology but due to diverse measurements meta-analyses were not possible. One may however note that while the easily implemented Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) was designed for concussed patients, it may prove useful for other risk groups.