bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of antigen escape from BCMA- or GPRC5D-targeted immunotherapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lee Holly , Ahn Sungwoo , Maity Ranjan , Leblay Noemie , Ziccheddu Bachisio , Truger Marietta , Chojnacka Monika , Cirrincione Anthony , Durante Michael , Tilmont Remi , Barakat Elie , Poorebrahim Mansour , Sinha Sarthak , McIntyre John , M.Y. Chan Angela , Wilson Holly , Kyman Shari , Krishnan Amrita , Landgren Ola , Walter Wencke , Meggendorfer Manja , Haferlach Claudia , Haferlach Torsten , Einsele Hermann , Kortüm Martin K. , Knop Stefan , Alberge Jean Baptiste , Rosenwald Andreas , Keats Jonathan J. , Rasche Leo , Maura Francesco , Neri Paola , Bahlis Nizar J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractB cell maturation antigen (BCMA) target loss is considered to be a rare event that mediates multiple myeloma (MM) resistance to anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) or bispecific T cell engager (TCE) therapies. Emerging data report that downregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) protein often occurs at relapse after anti-GPRC5D CAR T therapy. To examine the tumor-intrinsic factors that promote MM antigen escape, we performed combined bulk and single-cell whole-genome sequencing and copy number variation analysis of 30 patients treated with anti-BCMA and/or anti-GPRC5D CAR T/TCE therapy. In two cases, MM relapse post-TCE/CAR T therapy was driven by BCMA-negative clones harboring focal biallelic deletions at the TNFRSF17 locus at relapse or by selective expansion of pre-existing subclones with biallelic TNFRSF17 loss. In another five cases of relapse, newly detected, nontruncating, missense mutations or in-frame deletions in the extracellular domain of BCMA negated the efficacies of anti-BCMA TCE therapies, despite detectable surface BCMA protein expression. In the present study, we also report four cases of MM relapse with biallelic mutations of GPRC5D after anti-GPRC5D TCE therapy, including two cases with convergent evolution where multiple subclones lost GPRC5D through somatic events. Immunoselection of BCMA- or GPRC5D-negative or mutant clones is an important tumor-intrinsic driver of relapse post-targeted therapies. Mutational events on BCMA confer distinct sensitivities toward different anti-BCMA therapies, underscoring the importance of considering the tumor antigen landscape for optimal design and selection of targeted immunotherapies in MM.
Sex differences in brain protein expression and disease
Authors: Wingo Aliza P. , Liu Yue , Gerasimov Ekaterina S. , Vattathil Selina M. , Liu Jiaqi , Cutler David J. , Epstein Michael P. , Blokland Gabriëlla A. M. , Thambisetty Madhav , Troncoso Juan C. , Duong Duc M. , Bennett David A. , Levey Allan I. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Wingo Thomas S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost complex human traits differ by sex, but we have limited insight into the underlying mechanisms. Here, we investigated the influence of biological sex on protein expression and its genetic regulation in 1,277 human brain proteomes. We found that 13.2% (1,354) of brain proteins had sex-differentiated abundance and 1.5% (150) of proteins had sex-biased protein quantitative trait loci (sb-pQTLs). Among genes with sex-biased expression, we found 67% concordance between sex-differentiated protein and transcript levels; however, sex effects on the genetic regulation of expression were more evident at the protein level. Considering 24 psychiatric, neurologic and brain morphologic traits, we found that an average of 25% of their putatively causal genes had sex-differentiated protein abundance and 12 putatively causal proteins had sb-pQTLs. Furthermore, integrating sex-specific pQTLs with sex-stratified genome-wide association studies of six psychiatric and neurologic conditions, we uncovered another 23 proteins contributing to these traits in one sex but not the other. Together, these findings begin to provide insights into mechanisms underlying sex differences in brain protein expression and disease.
Original SARS-CoV-2 monovalent and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: phase 2/3 trial interim results
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , Whatley Jordan L. , Eder Frank , Essink Brandon , Khetan Shishir , Bradley Paul , Brosz Adam , McGhee Nichole , Tomassini Joanne E. , Chen Xing , Zhao Xiaoping , Sutherland Andrea , Shen Xiaoying , Girard Bethany , Edwards Darin K. , Feng Jing , Zhou Honghong , Walsh Stephen , Montefiori David C. , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis ongoing, open-label, phase 2/3 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of the Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing bivalent mRNA-1273.222 vaccine with the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 mRNA-1273 as booster doses. Two groups of adults who previously received mRNA-1273 as primary vaccination series and booster doses were enrolled in a sequential, nonrandomized manner and received single-second boosters of mRNA-1273 (n = 376) or bivalent mRNA-1273.222 (n = 511). Primary objectives were safety and the noninferiority or superiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 with the D614G mutation (ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G)), 28 days post boost. Superiority and noninferiority were based on prespecified success criteria (lower bounds of 95% CI > 1 and < 0.677, respectively) of the mRNA-1273.222:mRNA-1273 geometric mean ratios. Bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5-containing mRNA-1273.222 elicited superior nAb responses against BA.4/BA.5 versus mRNA-1273 and noninferior responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) at day 29 post boost in participants without detectable prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Day 29 seroresponses against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 were higher for mRNA-1273.222 than for mRNA-1273 and similar against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (D614G), both meeting noninferiority criterion. The safety profile of mRNA-1273.222 was similar to that previously reported for mRNA-1273 with no new safety concerns identified. Continued monitoring of neutralization and real-world vaccine effectiveness are needed as additional divergent-virus variants emerge. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04927065.
Acute blood biomarker profiles predict cognitive deficits 6 and 12 months after COVID-19 hospitalization
Authors: Taquet Maxime , Skorniewska Zuzanna , Hampshire Adam , Chalmers James D. , Ho Ling-Pei , Horsley Alex , Marks Michael , Poinasamy Krisnah , Raman Betty , Leavy Olivia C. , Richardson Matthew , Elneima Omer , McAuley Hamish J. C. , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Saunders Ruth M. , Harris Victoria C. , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Greening Neil J. , Mansoori Parisa , Harrison Ewen M. , Docherty Annemarie B. , Lone Nazir I. , Quint Jennifer , Sattar Naveed , Brightling Christopher E. , Wain Louise V. , Evans Rachael E. , Geddes John R. , Harrison Paul J. ,   PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractPost-COVID cognitive deficits, including ‘brain fog’, are clinically complex, with both objective and subjective components. They are common and debilitating, and can affect the ability to work, yet their biological underpinnings remain unknown. In this prospective cohort study of 1,837 adults hospitalized with COVID-19, we identified two distinct biomarker profiles measured during the acute admission, which predict cognitive outcomes 6 and 12 months after COVID-19. A first profile links elevated fibrinogen relative to C-reactive protein with both objective and subjective cognitive deficits. A second profile links elevated D-dimer relative to C-reactive protein with subjective cognitive deficits and occupational impact. This second profile was mediated by fatigue and shortness of breath. Neither profile was significantly mediated by depression or anxiety. Results were robust across secondary analyses. They were replicated, and their specificity to COVID-19 tested, in a large-scale electronic health records dataset. These findings provide insights into the heterogeneous biology of post-COVID cognitive deficits.
Biomolecular characterization of 3500-year-old ancient Egyptian mummification balms from the Valley of the Kings
Authors: Huber B. , Hammann S. , Loeben C. E. , Jha D. K. , Vassão D. G. , Larsen T. , Spengler R. N. , Fuller D. Q. , Roberts P. , Devièse T. , Boivin N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAncient Egyptian mummification was practiced for nearly 4000 years as a key feature of some of the most complex mortuary practices documented in the archaeological record. Embalming, the preservation of the body and organs of the deceased for the afterlife, was a central component of the Egyptian mummification process. Here, we combine GC–MS, HT-GC–MS, and LC–MS/MS analyses to examine mummification balms excavated more than a century ago by Howard Carter from Tomb KV42 in the Valley of the Kings. Balm residues were scraped from now empty canopic jars that once contained the mummified organs of the noble lady Senetnay, dating to the 18th dynasty, ca. 1450 BCE. Our analysis revealed balms consisting of beeswax, plant oil, fats, bitumen, Pinaceae resins, a balsamic substance, and dammar orPistaciatree resin. These are the richest, most complex balms yet identified for this early time period and they shed light on balm ingredients for which there is limited information in Egyptian textual sources. They highlight both the exceptional status of Senetnay and the myriad trade connections of the Egyptians in the 2nd millennium BCE. They further illustrate the excellent preservation possible even for organic remains long removed from their original archaeological context.
Regulatory role of PI3K/Akt/WNK1 signal pathway in mouse model of bone cancer pain
Authors: Fu Xiao , Zhang Yanhong , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the advanced stage of cancer, the pain caused by bone metastasis is unbearable, but the mechanism of bone cancer pain (BCP) is very complicated and remains unclear. In this study, we used 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells to establish a bone cancer pain model to study the mechanism of BCP. Then the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and the hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to reflect the erosion of cancer cells on tibia tissue. We also determined the role of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-17, etc.) in BCP by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mouse serum. When GSK690693, a new Akt inhibitor, was given and the absence of intermediate signal dominated by Akt is found, pain may be relieved by blocking the transmission of pain signal and raising the PWMT. In addition, we also found that GSK690693 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt protein, resulting in a significant decrease in with-nolysinekinases 1 (WNK1) expression in the spinal cord tissue. In the BCP model, we confirmed that GSK690693 has a relieving effect on BCP, which may play an analgesic effect through PI3K-WNK1 signal pathway. At the same time, there is a close relationship between inflammatory factors and PI3K-WNK1 signal pathway. The PI3K/Akt pathway in the dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord activates the downstream WNK1 protein, which promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines, which leads to the formation of BCP in mice. Inhibition of Akt can reduce the levels of IL-17 and TNF-α, cut off the downstream WNK1 protein signal receiving pathway, increase the PWMT and relieve BCP in mice. To clarify the analgesic target of BCP, to provide reference and theoretical support for the clinical effective treatment of BCP and the development of new high-efficiency analgesics.
Association of extracellular water/total body water ratio with protein-energy wasting and mortality in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Yajima Kumiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBioimpedance analysis-assessed extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) ratio may be a marker for mortality and poor nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. In 193 maintenance hemodialysis patients, we retrospectively investigated the relationships among ECW/TBW ratio, mortality, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). Four components—body mass index, normalized protein catabolic rate, normalized serum creatinine level, and serum albumin level—constitute the simple PEW score; this score was calculated based on the positive number of items concerning malnutrition among these four components. A score ≥ 3 indicated PEW. Patients were stratified by an ECW/TBW ratio cut-off value (0.40) and by PEW versus non-PEW status. The simple PEW score, cardiothoracic ratio, and log-transformed C-reactive protein level were independently correlated with the ECW/TBW ratio. Eighty-four patients died during follow-up (median 4.3 years). After adjustments for sex, age, hemodialysis vintage, histories of cardiovascular events and diabetes, and C-reactive protein level, a higher ECW/TBW ratio and PEW were independently related to elevated risks of all-cause death. Adding the ECW/TBW ratio to a baseline risk model including PEW significantly increased C-statistics from 0.788 to 0.835. In conclusion, the ECW/TBW ratio may be an indicator of PEW and may be a predictor of death even accounting for PEW, in hemodialysis patients.
Thermoelectric properties of ballistic Normal–Weyl semimetal-Normal junction
Authors: Lotfi Jafar , Abdollahipour Babak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWeyl semimetals are a new class of topological materials possessing outstanding physical properties. We investigate the thermoelectric properties of a ballistic Weyl semimetal specimen connected to two normal contacts. We introduce a model to evaluate the thermoelectric coefficients of the junction and analyze its features along two distinct directions, one along the chiral axis of the Weyl semimetal and the other perpendicular to it. We demonstrate that the thermoelectric response of this junction depends on whether it is along the chiral axis of the Weyl semimetal or not. Electrical and thermal conductances of this junction reveal considerable dependence on the length and chemical potential of the Weyl semimetal layer. In particular, we observe that, decreasing the chemical potential in the normal contacts enhances the Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric figure of merit of the junction to substantial values. Hence, we unveil that a ballistic junction of Weyl semimetal can serve as a fundamental segment for application in future thermoelectric devices for thermal energy harvesting.
System of models for simulation and optimization of operating modes of a delayed coking unit in a fuzzy environment
Authors: Orazbayev Batyr , Orazbayeva Kulman , Uskenbayeva Gulzhan , Dyussembina Elmira , Shukirova Aliya , Rzayeva Leila , Tuleuova Raigul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a method for synthesizing mathematical models of interconnected units of fuzzy chemical-technological systems (CTS) used for system modeling and optimization of their operating modes in a fuzzy environment. Since many CTSs in practice consist of many interconnected units, the development of their mathematical models combined into a single system of models, which allows systematic modeling and optimization of CTS parameters, is an urgent scientific and practical task. To develop a system of models of fuzzy described CTS, consisting of interconnected units, a system of methods is used that combines formal (experimental-statistical) and informal methods (methods of peer review, fuzzy set theory). A method for developing a system of mathematical models of CTS units under conditions of uncertainty due to the random and fuzzy nature of the available information is proposed. In the proposed method, mathematical models of various CTS units, depending on the nature of the initial and available information, are developed by various methods. Accordingly, various types of models are obtained, which are then combined into a single system of models, taking into account the interconnections of the system’s units. These results make it possible to develop more adequate models and determine the optimal CTS operating modes in a fuzzy environment by using the experience, knowledge and intuition of the decision maker, subject matter experts. Based on the proposed method, models of coke chambers and the main rectification column are developed in the form of combined models, including statistical and fuzzy models. The results obtained on the example of delayed coking units can be exported to similar CTS in oil refining, petrochemicals and other industries.
People’s perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination: an analysis of twitter discourse from four countries
Authors: Verma Manah , Moudgil Nikhil , Goel Gaurav , Pardeshi Peehu , Joseph Jacquleen , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Kulbir , Singh Hari , Kodali Prakash Babu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMore than six and half million people have died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic till Dec 2022. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent mortality and infection attributed to COVID-19. Identifying public attitudes and perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination is essential to strengthening the vaccination programmes. This study aims to identify attitudes and perceptions of twitter users towards COVID-19 vaccinations in four different countries. A sentiment analysis of 663,377 tweets from October 2020 to September 2022 from four different countries (i.e., India, South Africa, UK, and Australia) was conducted. Text mining using roBERTA (Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining approach) python library was used to identify the polarity of people’s attitude as "negative", "positive" or "neutral" based on tweets. A sample of 2000 tweets (500 from each country) were thematically analysed to explore the people’s perception concerning COVID-19 vaccines across the countries. The attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines varied by countries. Negative attitudes were observed to be highest in India (58.48%), followed by United Kingdom (33.22%), Australia (31.42%) and South Africa (28.88%). Positive attitudes towards vaccines were highest in the United Kingdom (21.09%). The qualitative analysis yielded eight themes namely (i) vaccine shortages, (ii) vaccine side-effects, (iii) distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, (iv) voices for vaccine equity, (v) awareness about vaccines, (vi) myth busters, (vii) vaccines work and (viii) vaccines are safe. The twitter discourse reflected the evolving situation of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination strategies, lacunae and positives in the respective countries studied.
Word Reading: The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Colenbrander Danielle , Kohnen Saskia 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Written and spoken language abilities are closely connected, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can play important roles in the development of children's word reading. However, SLPs may have less knowledge about word reading assessment and intervention than they do about oral language. Therefore, in this tutorial, we describe the skills required for successful word reading and outline evidence-based approaches to word reading assessment and intervention within a response to intervention (RTI) framework, with a focus on the role of the SLP.

Conclusions:
Written language abilities clearly fall within an SLP's scope of practice. SLPs can be involved in collaborative teams working together to design word reading instruction, intervention, and assessment. They can also be directly involved in word reading intervention and assessment with children on their caseload. Consequently, knowledge about word reading development, assessment, and intervention can enable an SLP to take advantage of the reciprocal connections between written and spoken language, in order to help achieve the best outcomes for their clients.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24001953
A three-component giant radio halo: The puzzling case of the galaxy cluster Abell 2142
Authors: Bruno L. , Botteon A. , Shimwell T. , Cuciti V. , de Gasperin F. , Brunetti G. , Dallacasa D. , Gastaldello F. , Rossetti M. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T. , Russo S. A. , Taffoni G. , Cassano R. , Biava N. , Lusetti G. , Bonafede A. , Ghizzardi S. , De Grandi S. 
Published: August 2023

Context.Turbulence introduced into the intracluster medium (ICM) through cluster-merger events transfers energy to non-thermal components, and can trigger the formation of diffuse synchrotron radio sources. Typical diffuse sources in the form of giant radio halos and mini-halos are found in merging and relaxed cool-core galaxy clusters, respectively. On the other hand, recent observations reveal an increasing complexity to the non-thermal phenomenology.Aims.Abell 2142 (A2142) is a mildly disturbed cluster that exhibits uncommon thermal and non-thermal properties. It is known to host a hybrid halo consisting of two components (H1 and H2), namely a mini-halo-like and an enigmatic elongated radio halo-like structure. We aim to investigate the properties, origin, and connections of each component.Methods.We present deep LOFAR observations of A2142 in the frequency ranges 30–78 MHz and 120 − 168 MHz. With complementary multi-frequency radio and X-ray data, we analysed the radio spectral properties of the halo and assessed the connection between the non-thermal and thermal components of the ICM.Results.We detect a third radio component (H3), which extends over the cluster volume on scales of ∼2 Mpc, embeds H1 and H2, and has a morphology that roughly follows the thermal ICM distribution. The radio spectral index is moderately steep in H1 (α = 1.09 ± 0.02) and H2 (α = 1.15 ± 0.02), but is steeper (α = 1.57 ± 0.20) in H3. Our analysis of the thermal and non-thermal properties allowed us to discuss possible formation scenarios for each radio component. Turbulence from sloshing motions of low-entropy gas on different scales may be responsible for the origin of H1 and H2. We classified H3 as a giant ultrasteep spectrum radio halo, and find that it may trace the residual activity from an old energetic merger and/or inefficient turbulent reacceleration induced by ongoing minor mergers.
The groundwork of Putin’s war
Authors: Mennecke Olga 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Every ideology aims at constructing specific representations of reality that many people can easily adopt. In this paper, mental models described as cognitive representations of reality are used to explain how people come to their beliefs. Applying Johnson-Laird’s theoretical concept, I present mental models reconstructed by means of a qualitative analysis of key lexemes in the Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin held in 2014. This reconstruction reveals how the mental models in question target a shared social cognition among listeners using ideologically loaded references articulated in the speech. Furthermore, tracing ideological references allows a preliminary insight into how the speaker aims to affect the discourse formation process of the time. This reconstruction is indispensable to gain a better understanding of the Russian attack on Ukraine, eight years later.
Staging a tomatoscape
Authors: Thurlow Crispin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A strategic, often spectacular intersection of semiosis and spatiality, place branding should be an obvious topic
for linguistic landscape research. Isolated studies which do attend to branding seem insufficiently concerned with its conceptual
and metasemiotic complexity. Part visual essay, my paper examines the small Spanish town of Miajadas which, in a performative act
of scale-jumping, declares itself Tomato Capital of Europe. Drawing on fieldwork, and using a three-part analytic
framework, I document the range of semiotic and sociomaterial tactics by which Miajadas stages itself as a ‘tomatoscape’. Through
its mediatization, mediation, and remediation the town maximizes its location
in the global economic order. This case study underscores how place branding is a highly contingent mode of semiotic reflexivity
which is seldom discrete or unilateral, but which can be highly effective.