bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information theoretic measures on the two-photon transitions of hydrogen atom embedded in weakly coupled plasma environment
Authors: Mondal S , Saha J K , Mukherjee P K , Fricke B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The quantum information theoretic measures in terms of Shannon entropy and Fisher entropy (both in position and momentum spaces) on the ground, excited as well as virtual states arising out of the two-photon transitions (1s → nl; n = 2 − 4, l = 0, 2) of H atom embedded in classical weakly coupled plasma environment are done for the first time. Fourth order time dependent perturbation theory is adopted within a variational framework for calculating the two photon excitation energies and their respective wavefunctions from an analysis of the pole positions of the non linear response of the system. The representation of virtual state follows from an analysis of the linear response at such poles using a novel method developed by us. Ground and perturbed state wave functions of appropriate symmetries are represented by linear combination of Slater-type orbitals. The analytic form of the momentum space wave functions of ground, excited and virtual states are determined by taking Fourier transformation of the respective position space wave functions. The quantum information measures give interesting insights on the delocalization patterns of the all the real and virtual states under question w.r.t. the increase in plasma strength. The estimated data values are found to be in excellent agreement with the few existing in literature for the ground as well as excited states participating in the two-photon transitions. Such data for the virtual states are completely new and can be set as benchmark for future works in related disciplines.
Homogenization of residual stress in the raceway of cold rolled M50 bearing ring via electromagnetic shocking treatment
Authors: Qian Dongsheng , Liu Wei , Wang Feng , Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Qian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The uneven residual stress caused by cold rolling on the raceway seriously affect the distortion and performance of bearing rings. Here, a novel strategy of electromagnetic shocking treatment (EST) was proposed to regulate the distribution of residual stress in the raceway of cold rolled M50 bearing ring. The results indicate that the distribution of residual stress and local micro-strain along the raceway of the cold rolled ring become more homogenized after EST, leading to the homogenization of hardness along the whole cross section. In addition, attributed to the ‘targeted’ regulation effect of EST without joule heat effect, the distribution of small angle grain boundaries and the texture also become uniform along the raceway.
Land market responses to weather shocks: evidence from rural Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Tabetando Rayner , Raoul Fani Djomo Choumbou , Ragasa Catherine , Michuda Aleksandr 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study explores the responses of rural land markets to rainfall shocks in Uganda and Kenya. This study matches the panel data on farm households with rainfall shocks constructed using high-resolution precipitation and temperature data. In both countries, access to credit plays a key role in defining households’ land market responses to rainfall shocks. Households with access to credit respond to rainfall shocks by acquiring more farmland through increased participation in land rental and sales markets. Pathway analyses suggest that exposure to rainfall shock has an impact on land rental prices. There is some evidence that similar to grain reserves and livestock, land markets can provide an avenue for households to respond to rainfall shocks.
Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly of the Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqing , Yi Liuxi , Ren Yongfeng , Li Juan , Ren Wei , Hou Zhihui , Su Shaofeng , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Yuanyu , Dong Qi , Yang Xiangdong , Cheng Yuchen , Lu Zhanyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L. 1753) is an unconventional oil plant with oil-rich tubers, and a potential alternative for traditional oil crops. Here, we reported the first high-quality and chromosome-level genome assembly of the yellow nutsedge generated by combining PacBio HiFi long reads, Novaseq short reads, and Hi-C data. The final genome size is 225.6 Mb with an N50 of 4.3 Mb. More than 222.9 Mb scaffolds were anchored to 54 pseudochromosomes with a BUSCO score of 96.0%. We identified 76.5 Mb (33.9%) repetitive sequences across the genome. A total of 23,613 protein-coding genes were predicted in this genome, of which 22,847 (96.8%) were functionally annotated. A whole-genome duplication event was found after the divergence of Carex littledalei and Rhynchospora breviuscula, indicating the rich genetic resources of this species for adaptive evolution. Several significantly enriched GO terms were related to invasiveness of the yellow nutsedge, which may explain its plastic adaptability. In addition, several enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and expanded gene families were closely related with substances in tubers, partially explaining the genomic basis of characteristics of this oil-rich tuber.
Cartel of Silence: How the European Union Undermines the Work of its Human Rights Defenders in the OSCE
Authors: Knoll-Tudor Bernhard , Pardavi Márta , Achler Marta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the face of a rapid decline of rule of law standards in a number of EU Member States, this article examines whether the Helsinki process of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which was instrumental in strengthening the political commitments to human rights and their defenders during the Cold War and thereafter, can still deliver for defenders in the EU today. It discusses issues related to the concern of the OSCE’s fading relevance in its human dimension and the role EU Member States (EUMS) play in its decline. In reviewing the EU’s diplomatic practice within the OSCE, this article suggests that in its quest for unity, the EU has grown into a cartel of silence, effectively weakening the OSCE’s foundational logic of peer review as it is unwilling to deal with problems in a forum that was created for this very purpose. The article then recommends a number of ways in which OSCE’s institutions and political bodies could develop their working methods to take advantage of particularly EU civil society expertise while also being open to their calls for OSCE action.
Flaring activity from magnetic reconnection in BL Lacertae
Authors: Agarwal S , Banerjee B , Shukla A , Roy J , Acharya S , Vaidya B , Chitnis V R , Wagner S M , Mannheim K , Branchesi M 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The evolution of the spectral energy distribution during flares constrains models of particle acceleration in blazar jets. The archetypical blazar BL Lacertae provided a unique opportunity to study spectral variations during an extended strong flaring episode from 2020 to 2021. During its brightest γ-ray state, the observed flux (0.1–300 GeV) reached up to $2.15\, \times \, 10^{-5}\, \rm {ph\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$, with sub-hour-scale variability. The synchrotron hump extended into the X-ray regime showing a minute-scale flare with an associated peak shift of inverse-Compton hump in γ-rays. In shock acceleration models, a high Doppler factor value &gt;100 is required to explain the observed rapid variability, change of state, and γ-ray peak shift. Assuming particle acceleration in minijets produced by magnetic reconnection during flares, on the other hand, alleviates the constraint on required bulk Doppler factor. In such jet-in-jet models, observed spectral shift to higher energies (towards TeV regime) and simultaneous rapid variability arises from the accidental alignment of a magnetic plasmoid with the direction of the line of sight. We infer a magnetic field of ∼0.6 G in a reconnection region located at the edge of broad-line region (∼0.02 pc). The scenario is further supported by lognormal flux distribution arising from merging of plasmoids in reconnection region.
Blood and Site of Disease Inflammatory Profiles Differ in Patients With Pericardial Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Mutavhatsindi Hygon , Du Bruyn Elsa , Ruzive Sheena , Howlett Patrick , Cerrone Maddalena , Sher Alan , Mayer-Barber Katrin D , Barber Daniel L , Ntsekhe Mpiko , Wilkinson Robert J , Riou Catherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo better understand the pathogenesis of pericardial tuberculosis (PCTB), we sought to characterize the systemic inflammatory profile in people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with latent TB infection (LTBI), pulmonary TB (PTB), or PCTB.MethodsUsing Luminex, we measured the concentration of 39 analytes in pericardial fluid (PCF) and paired plasma from 18 PCTB participants, and plasma from 16 LTBI and 20 PTB participants. Follow-up plasma samples were also obtained from PTB and PCTB participants. HLA-DR expression on Mycobacterium tuberculosis–specific CD4 T cells was measured in baseline samples using flow cytometry.ResultsAssessment of the overall systemic inflammatory profile by principal component analysis showed that the inflammatory profile of active TB participants was distinct from the LTBI group, while PTB patients could not be distinguished from those with PCTB. When comparing the inflammatory profile between PCF and paired blood, we found that the concentrations of most analytes (25/39) were elevated at site of disease. However, the inflammatory profile in PCF partially mirrored inflammatory events in the blood. After TB treatment completion, the overall plasma inflammatory profile reverted to that observed in the LTBI group. Lastly, HLA-DR expression showed the best performance for TB diagnosis compared to previously described biosignatures built from soluble markers.ConclusionsOur results show that the inflammatory profile in blood was comparable between PTB and PCTB. However, at the site of infection (PCF), inflammation was significantly elevated compared to blood. Additionally, our data emphasize the potential role of HLA-DR expression as a biomarker for TB diagnosis.
Dose indices of kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography for various image guided radiotherapy protocols
Authors: Gazdag-Hegyesi Szilvia , Gáldi Ádám , Major Tibor , Pesznyák Csilla 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Varian Halcyon (HA) linear accelerators (LINAC) require kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (CT) acquisition for all patients before all treatment fractions. The aim of this study is to compare dose indices of various available protocols with different calculation and measurement methods. CT dose index (CTDI) in mGy is a measure of the radiation dose output of a CT scanner. A pencil ionisation chamber was used to measure dose index free air and in a standard CTDI phantom for different imaging protocols of HA and TrueBeam LINACs. For the point measurements, we found large deviations between displayed and calculated low CTDI values: 26.6 and 27.1% at Head low dose and Breast protocol, respectively. The calculated values were always larger than the displayed ones for all protocols and measurement setups. For the point measurements similar results were found as in the international literature, where the displayed values the measured CTDIs.
Relative contributions of anaemia and hypotension to myocardial infarction and renal injury
Authors: Turan Alparslan , Rivas Eva , Devereaux P.J. , Pu Xuan , Rodriguez-Patarroyo Fabio A. , Yalcin Esra Kutlu , Nault Rod , Maheshwari Kamal , Ruetzler Kurt , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Hypotension and postoperative anaemia are associated with myocardial and renal injury after noncardiac surgery, but the interaction between them remains unknown.

OBJECTIVES
To test the hypothesis that a double-hit of postoperative anaemia and hypotension synergistically worsens a 30-day composite of myocardial infarction (MI) and mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI). Characterising the interaction when hypotension and anaemia occur at same time on myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury.

DESIGN
Post hoc analysis of the POISE-2 trial.

SETTING
Patients were enrolled between July 2010 and December 2013 at 135 hospitals in 23 countries.

PATIENTS
Adults at least 45 years old with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. We excluded patients without available postoperative haemoglobin measurements or hypotension duration records. Exposures were the lowest haemoglobin concentration and the average daily duration of SBP less than 90 mmHg within the first four postoperative days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome was a collapsed composite of nonfatal MI and all-cause mortality during the initial 30 postoperative days; our secondary outcome was AKI.

RESULTS
We included 7940 patients. The mean ± SD lowest postoperative haemoglobin was 10 ± 2 g dl−1, and 24% of the patients had SBP less than 90 mmHg with daily duration ranging from 0 to 15 h. Four hundred and nine (5.2%) patients had an infarction or died within 30 postoperative days, and 417 (6.4%) patients developed AKI. Lowest haemoglobin concentrations less than 11 g dl−1, and duration of SBP less than 90 mmHg was associated with greater hazard of composite outcome of nonfatal MI and all-cause mortality, as well as with AKI. However, we did not find significant multiplicative interactions between haemoglobin splines and hypotension duration on the primary composite or on AKI.

CONCLUSION
Postoperative anaemia and hypotension were meaningfully associated with both our primary composite and AKI. However, lack of significant interaction suggests that the effects of hypotension and anaemia are additive rather than multiplicative.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01082874.
The dose-dependent effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain relief in individuals with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amer-Cuenca Juan J. , Badenes-Ribera Laura , Biviá-Roig Gemma , Arguisuelas María D. , Suso‐Martí Luis , Lisón Juan F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological modality widely used to manage pain; however, its effectiveness for individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) has been questioned. In previous studies and systematic reviews, variables related to dose of TENS application have not been considered. The objectives of this meta-analysis were (1) to determine the effect of TENS on pain in individuals with FM and (2) determine the dose-dependent effect of TENS dose parameters on pain relief in individuals with FM. We searched the PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for relevant manuscripts. Data were extracted from 11 of the 1575 studies. The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and RoB-2 assessment. This meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model that, when not considering the TENS dosage applied, showed that the treatment had no overall effect on pain (d+ = 0.51, P > 0.050, k = 14). However, the moderator analyses, which were performed assuming a mixed-effect model, revealed that 3 of the categorical variables were significantly associated with effect sizes: the number of sessions (P = 0.005), the frequency (P = 0.014), and the intensity (P = 0.047). The electrode placement was not significantly associated with any effect sizes. Thus, there is evidence that TENS can effectively reduce pain in individuals with FM when applied at high or at mixed frequencies, a high intensity, or in long-term interventions involving 10 or more sessions. This review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021252113).
Chronic pain in Chile: first prevalence report of noncancer chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain and its associated factors
Authors: Durán Josefina , Tejos-Bravo Macarena , Cid Vicente , Ferreccio Catterina , Calvo Margarita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although we know chronic pain (CP) affects approximately 30% of people in developed countries, data from Latin America are scarce. Moreover, prevalence of specific CP conditions, such as chronic noncancer pain (CNCP), fibromyalgia (FM), and neuropathic pain (NP), is unknown. To estimate them in Chile, we prospectively enrolled 1945 participants (61.4% women and 38.6% men), aged 38 to 74 years, from an agricultural town who answered a Pain Questionnaire, the Fibromyalgia Survey Questionnaire, and Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) to identify CNCP, FM, and NP, respectively. The estimated prevalence of CNCP was 34.7% (95% CI 32.6; 36.8), with an average duration of 32.3 months (SD ± 56.3), producing deep impairments in daily activities, sleep, and mood. We estimated a prevalence of 3.3% for FM (95% CI 2.5; 4.1) and 12% for NP (95% CI 10.6; 13.4). Female sex, fewer school years, and depressive symptoms were associated with FM and NP, whereas diabetes was only associated with NP. We standardized the results from our sample against the whole Chilean population and found no significant difference to our crude estimates. This is in line with studies from developed countries, highlighting the idea that despite genetic and environmental differences, the conditions that confer risk to CNCP remain stable.
Nutrition after severe burn injury
Authors: Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Pantet Olivier , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Severe burn injury causes significant metabolic changes and demands that make nutritional support particularly important. Feeding the severe burn patient is a real challenge in regard to the specific needs and the clinical constraints. This review aims to challenge the existing recommendations in the light of the few recently published data on nutritional support in burn patients.

Recent findings
Some key macro- and micro-nutrients have been recently studied in severe burn patients. Repletion, complementation or supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin D, antioxidant micronutrients may be promising from a physiologic perspective, but evidence of benefits on hard outcomes is still weak due to the studies’ design. On the contrary, the anticipated positive effects of glutamine on the time to discharge, mortality and bacteremias have been disproved in the largest randomized controlled trial investigating glutamine supplementation in burns. An individualized approach in term of nutrients quantity and quality may proof highly valuable and needs to be validated in adequate trials. The combination of nutrition and physical exercises is another studied strategy that could improve muscle outcomes.

Summary
Due to the low number of clinical trials focused on severe burn injury, most often including limited number of patients, developing new evidence-based guidelines is challenging. More high-quality trials are needed to improve the existing recommendations in the very next future.
EEG Correlates of Spikes in Intracranial Pressure Caused by Transient Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction
Authors: Wang Paul , Dona Allison , Khetarpal Nikita , Reeder Stephanie , Robertson Jetter , Patel Sima 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
A 30-year-old man with recurrent headaches and seizure-like activity and a 26-year-old woman with worsening headaches were admitted to the hospital. Both had ventriculoperitoneal shunts and history of several shunt revisions for congenital hydrocephalus. The ventricle size visualized on computed tomography scans was unremarkable, and shunt series were negative in both cases. Both patients began to present with brief periods of unresponsiveness, and video electroencephalography at that time showed periods of diffuse delta slowing. Lumbar punctures revealed increased opening pressures. Despite normal imaging and shunt series, both patients ultimately had increased intracranial pressure caused by shunt malfunction. This series demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing potential transient increases in intracranial pressure based on standard-of-care diagnostics/examination and the potentially critical role for EEG in the identification of shunt malfunction.
Injury of the Corticofugal Tract from the Secondary Motor Area in Middle Cerebral Territory Infarction: A DTI Study
Authors: Seo Jeong Pyo , Yun Seong Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeMiddle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction commonly induces a variety of motor function deficits because it involves multiple descending motor pathways, including the corticospinal tract (CST) and corticofugal tract (CFT). Despite the importance of the MCA territory for motor function, there is currently insufficient evidence regarding an injury of the CFT from the secondary motor area in MCA territory infarctions. We investigated injury of the CFT from the secondary motor area and CST in patients with MCA using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).MethodsThirty-five patients with MCA territory infarctions and 30 controls were recruited. DTT parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and tract volume (TV), of the CST and CFTs from the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA), were analyzed.ResultsIn the affected hemisphere, the FA values of the CFTs from the secondary motor areas and CST were significantly lower than those in the unaffected hemisphere and control groups. Additionally, the TV of the CFTs from the dPMC and SMA were significantly lower than those from the unaffected hemisphere.ConclusionWe observed concurrent injury to the CFTs from the secondary motor area and CST after MCA territory infarction. Our findings explain the neural mechanisms underlying motor weakness and limb kinetic apraxia in patients with MCA.
What has brain diffusion MRI taught us about chronic pain: a narrative review
Authors: Bautin Paul , Fortier Marc-Antoine , Sean Monica , Little Graham , Martel Marylie , Descoteaux Maxime , Léonard Guillaume , Tétreault Pascal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChronic pain is a pervasive and debilitating condition with increasing implications for public health, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, the underlying neural mechanisms and pathophysiology remain only partly understood. Since its introduction 35 years ago, brain diffusion MRI has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate changes in white matter microstructure and connectivity associated with chronic pain. This review synthesizes findings from 58 articles that constitute the current research landscape, covering methodologies and key discoveries.We discuss the evidence supporting the role of altered white matter microstructure and connectivity in chronic pain conditions, highlighting the importance of studying multiple chronic pain syndromes to identify common neurobiological pathways. We also explore the prospective clinical utility of diffusion MRI, such as its role in identifying diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers.Further, we address shortcomings and challenges associated with brain diffusion MRI in chronic pain studies, emphasizing the need for the harmonization of data acquisition and analysis methods. We conclude by highlighting emerging approaches and prospective avenues in the field that may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of chronic pain and potential new therapeutic targets.Due to the limited current body of research and unidentified targeted therapeutic strategies, we are forced to conclude that further research is required. However, we believe that brain diffusion MRI presents a promising opportunity for enhancing our understanding of chronic pain and improving clinical outcomes.