bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association between Early Menarche and Small for Gestational Age Birth
Authors: Post Abigail , Veri Shelby , Moore Danielle , Poole Morgan , Kreider Hannah , Brunner Huber Larissa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the U.S., approximately 11% of infants are born small for gestational age (SGA). While there are many known behavioral risk factors for SGA births, there are still many factors yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal early menarche (< 12 years old)- SGA birth association. Data were retrieved from the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth, and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association. Approximately 4% of mothers reported having an SGA infant and 24% of mothers reported early age at menarche. After controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and annual household income, early menarche was associated with 3% increased odds of SGA, although this finding was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.53). Additional research is needed on the long-term birth outcomes and health consequences of early menarche.
Speculation with Information Disclosure
Authors: Pasquariello Paolo , Wang Yifei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSophisticated investors frequently choose to publicly disclose private information, a phenomenon inconsistent with most theories of speculation. We propose and test a model to bridge this gap. We show that when a speculator cares about both short-term portfolio value and long-term profit, a disclosure mixing asset fundamentals and her holdings is optimal by inducing competitive dealership to revise prices toward those holdings while alleviating adverse selection. We find that when mutual fund managers have stronger short-term incentives, the frequency of strategic non-anonymous disclosures about their stocks by market-worthy newspaper articles increases and those stocks’ liquidity improves, consistent with our model.
Design of a novel hybrid cable-constrained parallel leg mechanism for biped walking machines
Authors: Demirel Murat , Kiper Gökhan , Carbone Giuseppe , Ceccarelli Marco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel cable-constrained parallel mechanism is presented as a lightweight, low-cost leg mechanism design for walking machines to be used on flat surfaces. The proposed leg mechanism has three translational degrees of freedom. It is based on two specific hybrid kinematic topologies being herewith proposed. The paper reports the kinematic analysis formulation and a position performance evaluation to confirm the main characteristics of the proposed solutions. A 3D CAD model and simulations are carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design for performing a human-like gait trajectory. A prototype has been built, and preliminarily tests have been conducted to confirm the motion capabilities of the proposed mechanism design. Then a second, enhanced prototype has been designed and built. An experimental validation is carried out for tracking a planar walking trajectory with the built prototypes by using a real-time PCI controller. Results are presented to validate the operation characteristics of the proposed mechanism and to prove its feasibility for legged walking machines.
The Making of Modern US Citizenship and Alienage: The History of Asian Immigration, Racial Capital, and US Law
Authors: Dhillon Hardeep 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article unravels an important historical conjuncture in the making of modern US citizenship and alienage by drawing on the state's regulation of naturalization as it relates to Asian immigration in the early twentieth century. My primary concern is to examine the socio-legal formations that constructed the thick distinctions between the modern US citizen and alien along the lines of racial difference and racial capital. Specifically, this article argues that Asian immigration to the United States remade the modern US citizen and alien in two significant and interconnected ways. First, it underscores how the adjudication of race in US courts and connected political campaigns re-mapped race in the United States and sharpened the racialization of Asia and Europe in profound ways that ultimately produced immigrants from southern, central, and eastern parts of Asia as the modern US alien. Second, the debate over Asian immigrants’ eligibility to naturalize refashioned legal status as a normative avenue to sustain a regime of racial capital. It cast citizenship as a legal avenue for White men and families to acquire and protect a proprietary interest in citizenship and recast some Asian immigrants as permanent aliens in a period when alienage came to signify disposable immigrant labor. The article concludes by distinguishing how the struggle for US citizenship by Asian immigrants frames the epistemological parameters and political vocabulary of immigration and naturalization reform.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Estimation: A Large Scale Training Data Set and Community Benchmarking
Authors: Gurung Iksha , Ramasubhramanian Muthukumaran , Freitag Brian , Kaulfus Aaron , Maskey Manil , Ramachandran Rahul , Alemohammad Hamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) cause significant disruptions to infrastructure and livelihood. The scale of loss due to TCs may be mitigated by prompt and accurate advisories about TC wind speed. Current advisories are consensus based and have a time delay of about 6 hr between each new update. As part of efforts to increase the frequency of wind speed estimations without compromising on the accuracy, we curate a high‐quality hurricane image and wind speed data set and develop a machine learning (ML) model for frequent wind speed estimation. The image and wind speed pairings are consolidated from different sources. The wind speeds are interpolated hourly to curate the TC wind speed estimation data set. The data set is supplemented with metadata that eases adoption of the data set by the ML community. We have also designed a competition to garner interest and encourage community involvement to build state‐of‐the‐art ML models to estimate wind speeds from satellite images of TCs. The competition winners were able to improve the wind speed estimation by almost 50% over the benchmark model.
Global Ionospheric TEC Forecasting for Geomagnetic Storm Time Using a Deep Learning‐Based Multi‐Model Ensemble Method
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Yang Pengxin , Mei Dengkui , Liu Hang , Xu Guozhen , Dong Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning has been extensively used for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) prediction, and many models can yield promising prediction results, particularly under quiet conditions. Owing to the ionosphere's intricate and dramatic changes during geomagnetic storms, the high‐reliable prediction of the storm‐time ionospheric TEC remains a challenging problem. In this study, we developed a new deep learning‐based multi‐model ensemble method (DLMEM) to forecast geomagnetic storm‐time ionospheric TEC that combines the Random Forest (RF) model, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, and the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network with the attention mechanism. Seven features in 170 geomagnetic storm events, including the three components Bx, By and Bz of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the Kp and Dst indices of geomagnetic activity data, the F10.7 index of solar activity data and global TEC data, were used for modeling. The test set results showed that the DLMEM model can reduce the root mean square errors (RMSE) by an average of 43.6% in comparison to our previously presented model Ion‐LSTM, especially during the recovery period of geomagnetic storms. Furthermore, compared to Ion‐LSTM, the RMSE values of the low‐, middle‐ and high‐latitude single‐station forecast TEC can be greatly decreased by 33%, 53% and 59%, respectively. It was shown that the new model allows for more precise short‐term global ionospheric forecasting during geomagnetic storms, enabling real‐time monitoring of ionospheric changes.
A Study on the Influence of Submergence Ratio on the Transport of Suspended Sediment in a Partially Vegetated Channel Flow
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Mi Shuo , Avital Eldad , Li Na , Chen Yuejun , Williams John 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRiparian or aquatic vegetation thrives with seasons. The understanding of canopies' Submergence‐Ratio (SR = stem height/water depth) influence on suspended sediment transport is still limited. Thus, Large Eddy Simulations coupled with the Discrete Phase Method are used to investigate the particles' three‐dimensional distribution in a partially vegetated straight channel. The spanwise distribution of particles are quantified by the probability density function (PDF), showing a non‐uniformity of particles in time as quantified by the PDF variance. We found that (a) with SR rising, the particles' depletion effects exerted by the vegetation‐side mixing layer is improved along the interface between vegetated and vegetation‐side bare channel region. However, the SR has little effect on the variance of the particles' PDF in the spanwise direction when the mixing layer is fully developed. (b) During the developing stage of the over‐canopy mixing layer, submerged vegetation with higher SR gains a stronger upwards (vertical) entrainment capability. The case (SR = 60%) has a higher sediment concentration than other cases in the fully developed vertical mixing layer region over canopy. (c) The vertical suspension of particles in the vegetation‐side bare channel region is analyzed. Particles migrating from the vegetated region are entrained into the vegetation‐side bare channel region by turbulent structures. Nevertheless, the vertical concentration profile is more uniform in the vegetated region than in the vegetation‐side bare channel at the same streamwise location. The cases SR = 40% and 60% still have higher sediment concentration than other cases in the vegetation‐side bare channel's upper region.
CLIC and membrane wound repair pathways enable pandemic norovirus entry and infection
Authors: Ayyar B. Vijayalakshmi , Ettayebi Khalil , Salmen Wilhelm , Karandikar Umesh C. , Neill Frederick H. , Tenge Victoria R. , Crawford Sue E. , Bieberich Erhard , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Atmar Robert L. , Estes Mary K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobally, most cases of gastroenteritis are caused by pandemic GII.4 human norovirus (HuNoV) strains with no approved therapies or vaccines available. The cellular pathways that these strains exploit for cell entry and internalization are unknown. Here, using nontransformed human jejunal enteroids (HIEs) that recapitulate the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, we show that infectious GII.4 virions and virus-like particles are endocytosed using a unique combination of endosomal acidification-dependent clathrin-independent carriers (CLIC), acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated lysosomal exocytosis, and membrane wound repair pathways. We found that besides the known interaction of the viral capsid Protruding (P) domain with host glycans, the Shell (S) domain interacts with both galectin-3 (gal-3) and apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX), to orchestrate GII.4 cell entry. Recognition of the viral and cellular determinants regulating HuNoV entry provides insight into the infection process of a non-enveloped virus highlighting unique pathways and targets for developing effective therapeutics.
Effect of different plant communities on NO2 in an urban road greenbelt in Nanjing, China
Authors: Dai Anqi , Liu Congzhe , Ji Yaou , Sheng Qianqian , Zhu Zunling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs an important part of urban ecosystems, plants can reduce NO2 concentrations in the air. However, there is little evidence of the effects of different plant communities on NO2 concentrations in street-scale green spaces. We used a multifunctional lifting environmental detector to investigate the impact of environmental factors and small plant communities on NO2 concentrations in street green spaces during the summer and winter in Nanjing, China. The results showed that temperature, atmospheric pressure, and noise were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with seasonal changes, temperature and humidity significantly (P < 0.01) influenced NO2 concentrations in winter and summer, and the average NO2 concentration in summer was generally higher than in winter. By comparing NO2 concentrations in different plant community structures and their internal spaces, we found that the plant community structure with tree-shrub-grass was more effective in reducing pollution. These findings will help predict the impact of plant communities on NO2 concentrations in urban streets and help city managers and planners effectively reduce NO2 pollution.
Beyond the limits of the unassigned protist microbiome: inferring large-scale spatio-temporal patterns of Syndiniales marine parasites
Authors: Rizos Iris , Debeljak Pavla , Finet Thomas , Klein Dylan , Ayata Sakina-Dorothée , Not Fabrice , Bittner Lucie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Marine protists are major components of the oceanic microbiome that remain largely unrepresented in culture collections and genomic reference databases. The exploration of this uncharted protist diversity in oceanic communities relies essentially on studying genetic markers from the environment as taxonomic barcodes. Here we report that across 6 large scale spatio-temporal planktonic surveys, half of the genetic barcodes remain taxonomically unassigned at the genus level, preventing a fine ecological understanding for numerous protist lineages. Among them, parasitic Syndiniales (Dinoflagellata) appear as the least described protist group. We have developed a computational workflow, integrating diverse 18S rDNA gene metabarcoding datasets, in order to infer large-scale ecological patterns at 100% similarity of the genetic marker, overcoming the limitation of taxonomic assignment. From a spatial perspective, we identified 2171 unassigned clusters, i.e., Syndiniales sequences with 100% similarity, exclusively shared between the Tropical/Subtropical Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea among all Syndiniales orders and 25 ubiquitous clusters shared within all the studied marine regions. From a temporal perspective, over 3 time-series, we highlighted 39 unassigned clusters that follow rhythmic patterns of recurrence and are the best indicators of parasite community’s variation. These clusters withhold potential as ecosystem change indicators, mirroring their associated host community responses. Our results underline the importance of Syndiniales in structuring planktonic communities through space and time, raising questions regarding host-parasite association specificity and the trophic mode of persistent Syndiniales, while providing an innovative framework for prioritizing unassigned protist taxa for further description.
Impact of COVID-19 Related Restrictions on Infections in Children
with Cancer or after Hematopoietic SCT
Authors: Hauch Richard , Hinrichs Malena , Ruhwald Rebecca , Schrum Johanna , Rutkowski Stefan , Woessmann Wilhelm , Winkler Beate 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Infections are a major concern for immunocompromised children.
We investigated whether non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented in
the general population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
in Germany had an impact on frequency, type and severity of infections in these
patients.
Patients and methods We analyzed all admissions to the clinic of pediatric
hematology, oncology and stem cell transplantation (SCT) with (suspected)
infection or fever of unknown origin (FUO) from 2018 to 2021.
Results We compared a 27-month period before NPIs (Pre-COVID:
01/2018–03/2020; 1041 cases) with a 12-month period with
underlying NPIs (COVID: 04/2020–03/2021; 420 cases).
During the COVID period the number of in-patient stays with FUO or infections
decreased (38,6 cases/month vs. 35,0 cases/month), the median
duration of hospital stays was longer (8 d (CI95: 7–8 d) vs. 9 d (CI95:
8–10 d) P=0,02)), the mean number of antibiotics per case
increased (2,1 (CI95: 2,0–2,2) vs. 2,5 (CI95: 2,3–2,7);
P=0,003)) and a substantial reduction of viral respiratory and
gastrointestinal infections per case was seen (0,24 vs. 0,13; P<0,001).
Notably, there was no detection of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and
norovirus, between May 2020 and March 2021. Based on need of intensive care
measures and further parameters we conclude that severe (bacterial) infections
were not significantly reduced by NPIs.
Conclusions Introduction of NPIs in the general population during the
COVID-pandemic substantially reduced viral respiratory and gastrointestinal
infections in immunocompromised patients, while severe (bacterial) infections
were not prevented.
Chirurgische Interventionen beim Morbus Paget
Authors: Kurth Andreas 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie orthopädisch – chirurgische Behandlung von Patienten mit
einem Morbus Paget stellt eine Herausforderung dar.In der modernen orthopädischen Chirurgie stehen adäquate
Verfahren zur Verfügung, um – korrekt eingesetzt – dem
Patienten eine deutliche Reduktion seiner Beschwerden zu ermöglichen und
die Lebensqualität zu verbessern. Die Hauptkomplikationen sind
pathologische Frakturen, Deformitäten der befallenen Knochen und die
frühzeitige Entwicklung einer sekundären Arthrose großer
Gelenke.Für den Operateur zu beachten, dass dieses Patientengut mit einem
erhöhten Risiko für intra- und postoperative Komplikationen
einhergeht. Um die Komplikationsraten weitgehend zu minimieren bedarf es einer
sorgfältigen präoperativen Planung mit
Überprüfung des aktuellen Status der Grunderkrankung und
möglicher präoperativer medikamentöser Intervention
mittels Bisphosphonaten (evidenzbasiert Zoledronat 5 mg) zur
Normalisierung des Knochenstoffwechsels. Auch muss eine umfassende klinische und
radiologische Diagnostik durchgeführt werden, um mögliche
Mitbeteiligungen angrenzender Skelettabschnitte frühzeitig zu erkennen
und Operationen und Implantate planen zu können.Intraoperativ sind die Schwierigkeiten gekennzeichnet durch die erhöhte
Vaskularisierung des betroffenen Knochens und die deutlich veränderte
Knochenstruktur. Einem vermehrten Blutverlust kann durch eine rechtzeitig
eingeleitete Bisphosphonat-Therapie wahrscheinlich vorgebeugt werden. Wegen des
oft gleichzeitig vorliegenden sklerotischen und osteolytischen Knochens ist die
Verwendung geeigneten Instrumentarien und besondere Sorgfalt bei der
Implantation von Osteosynthesematerial und Endoprothesen geboten. Eine maligne
Entartung sollte bei ausgeprägter Schmerzsymptomatik und
Weichteilschwellung bis zu ihrem Ausschluss in Betracht gezogen werden und eine
weitere Diagnostik eingeleitet werden.
Neue medikamentöse Konzepte bei Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen und Mikrosatelliteninstabilität
Authors: Vangala Deepak , Nilius-Eliliwi Verena 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungEtwa 15% aller Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen zeigen eine hochgradige Mikrosatelliteninstabilität (MSI-high) im Tumorgewebe. Bei ca. ⅓ dieser Patienten liegt die Ursache an
pathogenen Keimbahnvarianten der Mismatch-Reparaturgene, die zu einem Lynch-Syndrom führen. In Kombination mit klinischen Kriterien, wie den Amsterdam- oder revidierten Bethesda-Kriterien,
diente ein MSI-high-Befund bislang vor allem der Identifikation von Risikopatienten. In der modernen Tumortherapie zeigt die Gruppe der MSI-high-Patienten jedoch über nahezu alle
Tumorstadien hinweg Alleinstellungsmerkmale hinsichtlich der medikamentösen Tumortherapie. Nach wie vor gilt, dass MSI-high-Patienten im Stadium UICC II keine adjuvante Chemotherapie
erhalten sollten. Während bei Patienten mit Fernmetastasen und MSI-high-Status Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren bereits in der Erstlinie regelhaft und erfolgreich eingesetzt werden, zeigen neue
Daten sowohl bei lokal fortgeschrittenen Kolon- als auch bei Rektumkarzinomen im präoperativen Setting ein tiefes Ansprechen. Gerade für Rektumkarzinompatienten könnte hier ein neues
therapeutisches Verfahren ohne neoadjuvante Chemotherapie und möglicherweise sogar ohne operative Versorgung etabliert werden – bei guter Verträglichkeit und Senkung der Morbidität.
Demzufolge ist die universelle MSI-Testung sowohl zur Identifikation von Risikopatienten als auch zur Therapieplanung bereits heute unerlässlich.
Thyroid Function Abnormalities and Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients
with COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Patel Deepika , Naik Dukhabandhu , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Tamilarasu Kadhiravan , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Roy Ayan , Merugu Chandhana , Suryadevara Varun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThyroid gland can be affected by the COVID-19 infection. The pattern of thyroid
function abnormality reported in COVID-19 is variable; in addition, some drugs
used in COVID-19 patients like glucocorticoids and heparin can affect the
thyroid function tests (TFT). We conducted an observational, cross-sectional
study of thyroid function abnormalities with thyroid autoimmune profile in
COVID-19 patients with varying severity from November 2020 to June 2021. Serum
FT4, FT3, TSH, anti-TPO, and anti-Tg antibodies were measured before the
initiation of treatment with steroids and anti-coagulants. A total of 271
COVID-19 patients were included in the study, of which 27 were asymptomatic and
remaining 158, 39, and 47 were classified to mild, moderate and severe
categories, respectively, according to MoHFW, India criteria. Their mean age was
49±17 years and 64.9% were males. Abnormal TFT was present in
37.2% (101/271) patients. Low FT3, low FT4, and low TSH were
present in 21.03%, 15.9% and 4.5% of patients,
respectively. Pattern corresponding to sick euthyroid syndrome was the most
common. Both mean FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio decreased with increasing
severity of COVID-19 illness (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, low
FT3 was associated with increased risk of mortality (OR 12.36, 95% CI:
1.23–124.19; p=0.033). Thyroid autoantibodies were positive in
58 (27.14%) patients; but it was not associated with any thyroid
dysfunction. Thyroid function abnormality is common among COVID-19 patients.
Both low FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio are indicators of disease severity while
low FT3 is a prognostic marker of COVID-19 associated mortality.