bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western pine beetle voltinism in a changing California climate
Authors: Bentz Barbara J. , Cluck Daniel R. , Bulaon Beverly M. , Smith Sheri L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent hot droughts in California resulted in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mortality attributed to drought and western pine beetle (WPB, Dendroctonus brevicomis). While drought alone can cause tree death, direct warming effects on WPB are a contributing factor. Research on WPB generation timing (voltinism), however, is lacking.
We monitored WPB tree attacks and adult emergence timing at two California sites and developed a degree‐day model from field‐observed data. Historical, contemporary, and future temperatures for several California sites were used with the model to examine trends in WPB voltinism.
Field data showed a single summer and an overwinter generation at a northern California site. As summer temperatures increased beyond 1900–1980 averages, the predicted number of full and partial WPB generations by 2021 had increased from ~2 annual (one summer and one overwinter) generations historically to ~2.3 at two northern California sites and from ~2.3 to ~3.2 at two warmer California sites.
Historical and contemporary data suggest winter warming was not sufficient for an additional generation overwinter. Instead, increases in generations were driven by summer and fall temperatures.
Unconstrained increases in the number of future annual generations will be limited by complex, but not well understood, WPB thermal adaptations. Increased knowledge of temperature‐driven WPB population growth will improve forest vegetation models aimed at predicting ponderosa pine mortality in a changing climate.
Efficacy of a hybrid technique of simultaneous videolaryngoscopy with flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficult direct laryngoscopy in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry
Authors: Stein M. L. , Park R. S. , Kiss E. E. , Adams H. D. , Burjek N. E. , Peyton J. , Szmuk P. , Staffa S. J. , Fiadjoe J. E. , Kovatsis P. G. , Olomu P. N. ,   for the PeDI Collaborative Investigators
Published: June 2023

SummaryChildren with difficult tracheal intubation are at increased risk of severe complications, including hypoxaemia and cardiac arrest. Increasing experience with the simultaneous use of videolaryngoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy (hybrid) in adults led us to hypothesise that this hybrid technique could be used safely and effectively in children under general anaesthesia. We reviewed observational data from the international Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry from 2017 to 2021 to assess the safety and efficacy of hybrid tracheal intubation approaches in paediatric patients. In total, 140 patients who underwent 180 attempts at tracheal intubation with the hybrid technique were propensity score‐matched 4:1 with 560 patients who underwent 800 attempts with a flexible bronchoscope. In the hybrid group, first attempt success was 70% (98/140) compared with 63% (352/560) in the flexible bronchoscope group (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.4 (0.9–2.1), p = 0.1). Eventual success rates in the matched groups were 90% (126/140) for hybrid vs. 89% (499/560) for flexible bronchoscope (1.1 (0.6–2.1), p = 0.8). Complication rates were similar in both groups (15% (28 complications in 182 attempts) hybrid; 13% (102 complications in 800 attempts) flexible bronchoscope, p = 0.3). The hybrid technique was more likely than flexible bronchoscopy to be used as a rescue technique following the failure of another technique (39% (55/140) vs. 25% (138/560), 2.1 (1.4–3.2) p < 0.001). While technically challenging, the hybrid technique has success rates similar to other advanced airway techniques, few complications and may be considered an alternative technique when developing an airway plan for paediatric patients whose tracheas are difficult to intubate under general anaesthesia.
Perinatal psychotropic dispensing: A descriptive population‐based study in New Zealand
Authors: Broughton Lucy Charlotte , Hughes‐Medlicott Natalie , Zeng Jiaxu , Smith Alesha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDecisions about using psychotropics during pregnancy are complex as risks of untreated illness are balanced against risks of fetal exposure to medication. The objective was to describe perinatal psychotropic dispensing patterns in New Zealand.MethodsNationwide data from the New Zealand National Maternity Collection between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017 identified 399 715 pregnancies. These were linked with dispensing records to determine the proportion of pregnancies during which at least 1 psychotropic was dispensed. Proportions were calculated separately for each class, year, pregnancy period, and across maternal characteristics. The pattern of dispensing (including discontinuations) was also determined for the 25 841 women who were dispensed at least 1 psychotropic drug prior to pregnancy.ResultsFrom the 399 715 pregnancies in the study cohort, 6.6% were dispensed at least 1 psychotropic during pregnancy. Antidepressants (5.1%) were the most dispensed, followed by hypnotics (1.2%), anxiolytics (0.7%), and antipsychotics (0.7%). From the 25 841 pregnancies during which a psychotropic was dispensed pre‐pregnancy, 91% and 90% discontinued hypnotics and anxiolytics respectively, prior to or during pregnancy. This was followed by lithium (71%), antipsychotics (66%), and antidepressants (66%).DiscussionDispensing of psychotropics during pregnancy occurs in approximately 6.6% of pregnancies in New Zealand. Two‐thirds of women (66%) on antidepressants or antipsychotics discontinue dispensing before or during pregnancy. This may have implications for maternal mental health, suggesting there is a need to investigate how healthcare providers and women are making decisions about psychotropic use during pregnancy.
The useful technique of laparoscopic segmental ureterectomy with ureteral reimplantation for distal upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Koterazawa Shigeki , Somiya Shinya , Ito Katsuhiro , Haitani Takao , Higash Yoshihito , Yamada Hitoshi , Kanno Toru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSegmental ureterectomy (SU) has been proven effective in cases of distal upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Nonetheless, SU has been performed infrequently in the real world, and there is no consensus on the preferred surgical technique in laparoscopic surgery. We describe our first experience of laparoscopic segmental ureterectomy (LSU) with psoas hitch ureteral reimplantation.Materials and surgical techniqueLSU starts using a fan‐shaped, five‐port, transperitoneal approach. First, the cancerous ureter segment is clipped to avoid tumor seeding, and then the diseased segment is dissected. Second, the psoas hitch is performed by fixing the external part of the ipsilateral dome of the bladder to the psoas muscle and its tendon. Third, at the top of the bladder, an incision is made in the muscle layer and mucosa. The ureter is then spatulated. A guide wire is used to place a retrograde ureteral double J stent. Finally, the anastomosis of the bladder and ureter mucosa is performed by interrupted suturing of both ends, followed by continuous suturing, and the muscular layer of the bladder is closed in a double layer. We performed LSU for distal UTUC in 10 patients. There was no decrease in renal function before or after surgery. During follow‐up, three patients experienced a recurrence of urothelial carcinoma in the bladder and one patient had a local recurrence.DiscussionLSU is a safe and feasible procedure in our experience, and it can be recommended for selected cases of distal UTUC with optimal perioperative, renal functional, and oncologic outcomes.
Flexible Joint Modeling of Mean and Dispersion for the Directional Tuning of Neuronal Spike Counts
Authors: Alonso-Pena María , Gijbels Irène , Crujeiras Rosa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study of how the number of spikes in a middle temporal visual area (MT/V5) neuron is tuned to the direction of a visual stimulus has attracted considerable attention over the years, but recent studies suggest that the variability of the number of spikes might also be influenced by the directional stimulus. This entails that Poisson regression models are not adequate for this type of data, as the observations usually present over/underdispersion (or both) with respect to the Poisson distribution. This paper makes use of the double exponential family and presents a flexible model to estimate, jointly, the mean and dispersion functions, accounting for the effect of a circular covariate. The empirical performance of the proposal is explored via simulations and an application to a neurological data set is shown.
Prior and Posterior Checking of Implicit Causal Assumptions
Authors: Linero Antonio R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Causal inference practitioners have increasingly adopted machine learning techniques with the aim of producing principled uncertainty quantification for causal effects while minimizing the risk of model misspecification. Bayesian nonparametric approaches have attracted attention as well, both for their flexibility and their promise of providing natural uncertainty quantification. Priors on high-dimensional or nonparametric spaces, however, can often unintentionally encode prior information that is at odds with substantive knowledge in causal inference—specifically, the regularization required for high-dimensional Bayesian models to work can indirectly imply that the magnitude of the confounding is negligible. In this paper, we explain this problem and provide tools for (i) verifying that the prior distribution does not encode an inductive bias away from confounded models and (ii) verifying that the posterior distribution contains sufficient information to overcome this issue if it exists. We provide a proof-of-concept on simulated data from a high-dimensional probit-ridge regression model, and illustrate on a Bayesian nonparametric decision tree ensemble applied to a large medical expenditure survey.
Truth, Moral Rightness, and Justification: A Habermasian Perspective on Decolonizing the University
Authors: Leiviskä Anniina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, Anniina Leiviskä examines the moral, political, and epistemic claims of the social justice movement known as “decolonizing the university” from the perspective of Jürgen Habermas's distinction between objective and normative validity and the respective notions of truth and moral rightness. Leiviskä challenges the view, held by some representatives of decolonization, that the normative and epistemic claims of the movement are inseparable from each other and suggests that evaluating the justification of the movement requires holding these claims at least analytically distinguishable. She argues that while the moral and political claims of “decolonizing the university” find strong justification through Habermas's discourse morality, its epistemic claims, especially the rejection of shared standards of knowledge, might have epistemically problematic consequences. Accordingly, Leiviskä suggests here that the epistemic justification of decolonization is conditional on the acceptance of shared epistemic standards — the pragmatic truth concept and the criterion of impartiality — which she develops in the paper on the basis of Habermas's pragmatic theory of truth and rational discourse as a model of justification. Finally, she proposes that the implications of these criteria for practices of higher education and the curriculum should be determined through an open and unconstrained discussion by the members of an inclusive university community.
A Probabilistic Filtering Approach to Non‐Effortful Responding
Authors: Ulitzsch Esther , Domingue Benjamin W. , Kapoor Radhika , Kanopka Klint , Rios Joseph A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCommon response‐time‐based approaches for non‐effortful response behavior (NRB) in educational achievement tests filter responses that are associated with response times below some threshold. These approaches are, however, limited in that they require a binary decision on whether a response is classified as stemming from NRB; thus ignoring potential classification uncertainty in resulting parameter estimates. We developed a response‐time‐based probabilistic filtering procedure that overcomes this limitation. The procedure is rooted in the principles of multiple imputation. Instead of creating multiple plausible replacements of missing data, however, multiple data sets are created that represent plausible filtered response data. We propose two different approaches to filtering models, originating in different research traditions and conceptualizations of response‐time‐based identification of NRB. The first approach uses Gaussian mixture modeling to identify a response time subcomponent stemming from NRB. Plausible filtered data sets are created based on examinees' posterior probabilities of belonging to the NRB subcomponent. The second approach defines a plausible range of response time thresholds and creates plausible filtered data sets by drawing multiple response time thresholds from the defined range. We illustrate the workings of the proposed procedure as well as differences between the proposed filtering models based on both simulated data and empirical data from PISA 2018.
La relation entre le chômage et la croissance économique en Amérique latine: estimation de la loi d'Okun dans les pays de la région
Authors: PORRAS‐ARENA M. Sylvina , MARTÍN‐ROMÁN Ángel L. 
Published: June 2023

RésuméLes auteurs s'interrogent sur la validité de la loi d'Okun en Amérique latine. En s'appuyant sur plusieurs modèles économétriques, ils montrent que, dans la région, les fluctuations de l'activité économique influent moins sur les taux de chômage que dans les économies plus avancées, et que la relation chômage/production varie selon le pays. Cependant, même quand la relation d'Okun est faible ou inexistante, les variations cycliques nuisent à la qualité de l'emploi. Ces observations plaident pour l'adoption de mesures de lutte contre le chômage non plus générales mais ciblées sur des branches spécifiques, ainsi que pour une action en faveur de la qualité de l'emploi.
Household transmission investigation: Design, reporting and critical appraisal
Authors: Price David J. , Spirkoska Violeta , Marcato Adrian J. , Meagher Niamh , Fielding James E. , Karahalios Amalia , Bergeri Isabel , Lewis Hannah , Valenciano Marta , Pebody Richard , McVernon Jodie , Villanueva‐Cabezas Juan‐Pablo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHousehold transmission investigations (HHTIs) contribute timely epidemiologic knowledge in response to emerging pathogens. HHTIs conducted in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020‐21 reported variable methodological approaches, producing epidemiological estimates that vary in meaning, precision and accuracy. Because specific tools to assist with the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTIs are not available, the aggregation and pooling of inferences from HHTIs to inform policy and interventions may be challenging.MethodsIn this manuscript, we discuss key aspects of the HHTI design, provide recommendations for the reporting of these studies and propose an appraisal tool that contributes to the optimal design and critical appraisal of HHTIs.ResultsThe appraisal tool consists of 12 questions that explore 10 aspects of HHTIs and can be answered ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘unclear’. We provide an example of the use of this tool in the context of a systematic review that aimed to quantify the household secondary attack rate from HHTIs.ConclusionWe seek to fill a gap in the epidemiologic literature and contribute to standardised HHTI approaches across settings to achieve richer and more informative datasets.
Enhancement of energy storage performance in lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics via band structure engineering
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhang Ganrong , Li Ang , Zhang Jia‐Han , Zheng Yingqiu , Luo Guoqiang , Tu Rong , Zhang Jian , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDielectric capacitors with excellent energy storage performance (ESP) are in great demand in the power electronics industry due to their high power density. For the dielectric materials, the dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) is the key factor to improve ESP, which is the focus and bottleneck of current research, especially in the relaxor ferroelectric (RFE) materials with already low residual polarization (Pr). Here, we stimulate the ESP of the BaTiO3 (BT)‐based RFE ceramics by band structure engineering. The Ta element is selected to enhance the band gap of doped ceramics, occupying Ti‐site in supercell of BT and optimizing the bonds length of Ti‐O bond to increase the energy band of Ti 3d states. In this way, the band gap of the doped ceramics is efficiently enhanced from 1.8 eV to 2.22 eV resulting in the large BDS. Prospectively, combined with the advantage of fine grain size, the highest recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 2.85 J/cm3 is obtained at 350 kV/cm and the ultra‐high energy efficiency (η) of 95.26% is found at 200 kV/cm. Our work reveals the relationship between elements doping in B‐site and band structure, being expected to benefit for designing energy storage materials.
How familiar are German dermatologists with placebo and nocebo effects and to what extent are these targeted in clinical practice: A survey within the dermatological community
Authors: Krefting Frederik , Hölsken Stefanie , Benson Sven , Schedlowski Manfred , Sondermann Wiebke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvery medical treatment inevitably comprises not only physiological, but also psychological components, reflected by placebo and nocebo effects, which significantly affect treatment outcome. However, the extent of knowledge on the mechanisms steering placebo and nocebo effects in the dermatological community in Germany is currently unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the state of knowledge about placebo and nocebo effects in the German dermatological community, to evaluate whether this knowledge is already being used in clinical practice, and to investigate whether German dermatologists are interested in learning more about the topic.MethodsGerman Dermatologists, the majority working in their own practice, were asked to fill in an online survey addressing the knowledge about placebo and nocebo effects and the feasibility of special techniques to enhance placebo and minimize nocebo effects within the clinical routine.ResultsN = 154 complete (79%) or partial (21%) responses to the survey were recorded in the online database and included in the analysis. All participants reported to know what the placebo effect is and 59.7% (74/124) indicated that they already had experience with prescribing or recommending a treatment without active substances. In contrast, only 62.0% (80/129) stated to know what the nocebo effect is. Participants showed a rather superficial knowledge regarding placebo and nocebo mechanisms. The majority of participants (76.7%, 99/129) expressed their willingness to be further educated about the underlying mechanisms mediating placebo and nocebo effects and the possible application in clinical practice.ConclusionsThe current survey offers a so far unique insight into the state of knowledge of German dermatologists on placebo and nocebo effects. The results indicate a need for education about this topic. Encouragingly, however, German dermatologists considered communication strategies to maximize placebo and reduce nocebo effects and expressed motivation to be trained to implement these strategies in everyday clinical practice.
The invasive twospot livebearer's biology, and its current and potential global distribution
Authors: Gomez‐Maldonado Sebastian , Calleros Adrian , Salazar‐Rueda Isabel , Camacho‐Cervantes Morelia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPoeciliids are widely recognized as successful invaders, possessing traits associated with invasion success. Native to Central America and south‐eastern Mexico, the twospot livebearer (Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus) is a species recently recognized as invasive in both Central and northern Mexico. Despite its invasive status, limited research exists on its invasion process and the potential threats it poses to native species. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on the twospot livebearer and mapped its current and potential distribution worldwide. The twospot livebearer shares similar traits with other successful invaders within the same family. Notably, it exhibits high fecundity throughout the year and demonstrates resilience to highly polluted and oxygen‐deprived water conditions. This fish serves as a host for several parasites, including generalists, and has been extensively translocated for commercial purposes. Recently, it has also been used for biocontrol within its native range. Apart from existing outside its native range, the twospot livebearer, under current climate conditions and if transported there, could readily colonize biodiversity hotspots in tropical zones worldwide, including the Caribbean Islands, the Horn of Africa, North of Madagascar Island, south‐eastern Brazil, and others located in southern and eastern Asia. Given that this fish is highly plastic and our Species Distribution Model, we consider that all areas with a habitat suitability >0.2 should prevent its arrival and establishment. Our findings underscore the urgent need to recognize this species as a threat to freshwater native topminnows and prevent its introduction and spread.
Microneedle fractional radiofrequency in the treatment of periorbital dark circles
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Shahverdi Mohammadhasan , Nouri Maryam , Enamzadeh Rozhin , Nobari Niloufar Najar , Fakhim Tannaz , Rafiee Shohreh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeriorbital hyperpigmentation (POH) is a common disorder in the patients. Women are more upset with POH in compare to males. Several methods have been used to the POH, with different efficacy and adverse reactions.AimThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MRF) in treating POH.MethodsSo, nine patients with POH and the age range of 25–57 years, were treated by microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MRF). The outcome was evaluated via biometric assessment. The colorimeter was used to assess the skin lightness. Mexameter was used for evaluated the amount of Melanin in the periorbital skin. Cutometer was used for skin elasticity assessment. The skin ultrasound imaging system was utilized to estimate the epidermis and dermis diameter and density. Furthermore, Visioface was applied to assessed the skin color and wrinkles. Also patient's satisfaction and physician's assessment were evaluated.ResultsThe results displayed that the periorbital skin lightness 32.38% ± 5.67 and elasticity of the R2: 40.29% ± 8.18, R5: 39.03 ± 5.38 and R7: 42.03% ± 14.16 were significantly improved after treatment (p < 0.05). Also the melanin content of the skin was decreased (49.41% ± 9.12). The skin layers were denser in the dermis and also in the epidermis (skin density: 30.21% ± 10.16 and skin thickness: 41.12% ± 13.21) (p < 0.05). The results revealed the decrease in the percent change of the skin color (30.34% ± 9.30) and wrinkle (area: 25.84% ± 6.43 and volume: 30.66% ± 8.12) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the physician and patient's assessment were confirmed the obtained outcomes.ConclusionIn conclusion, the microneedle RF technique is practicable, effective and safe method for periorbital dark circles treatment.