bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alleviated nutrient imbalance by monensin premix (Romensin®, Rumensin®)
Authors: Jonker L. J. , Wilkinson J. I. D. , Tarrant M. 
Published: March 2023

In a European series of studies, the effects of administering monensin premix (Romensin®, Rumensin®) to dairy cows via the feed were examined. A total of 365 cows received either 0 or 300 mg monensin per cow per day from approximately one month post calving onwards. Blood samples were examined for ketone levels (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate). Cows were categorized for ketonaemia risk by using their average ketone levels for up to five months of treatment. Mean ketone levels of or below 1.0 mmol/1 were considered to indicate normal values. Cows with normal ketone values were categorized into three groups: low normal (≤.50 mmol/1), medium normal (>0.50 to ≤0. 75 mmol/1) and high normal (>0. 75 to ≤1.00 mmol/1). Ketone levels above 1.00 mmol/1 were considered to indicate a ketonaemic condition. Cows treated with monensin were approximately twice as likely to occur in the lowest normal risk category and were approximately half as likely to occur in the highest normal category than control animals. Five percent of the control cows were found in the ketonaemic condition category versus one percent of cows which had received monensin. The difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001).
These findings were most likely caused by the effects of monensin on rumen fermentation, increasing the production of propionic acid and increasing the supply of glucogenic nutrients derived from the ration. In these studies, monensin apparently alleviated nutrient imbalance and reduced the risk of ketonaemia in dairy cows during early lactation.
Risk assessment
Authors: Powell Douglas 
Published: March 2023

Whether it's excess fat leading to cancer, heart trouble and diabetes, nasty bacteria leading to food poisoning,or unknowns surrounding the use of agricultural chemicals leading to fear, people are worrying about what they eat. Meals, it seems, are no longer gatherings at which friends and family share stories and food, but a crisis of introspection and guilt.
People are concerned about the quality of the food they eat. Producers and others want to bring the best knowledge to bear on any decision or action involving food. But the ability to apply science-based solutions to food safety and other food-related challenges is intricately dependent on issues of public perception, the regulatory environment, fairness, accountability and, most importantly, trust.
On-farm food safety programs are an action, an appropriate risk management strategy, to demonstrateto consumers that producers are cognoscent of their newfound concerns about microbial food safety, and to demonstrate that producers and others in the farm-to-fork continuum are working to reduce levels of risk. Because when the next outbreak comes - and microorganisms can adapt and evolve to any food production and distribution system that is created - producers need to demonstrate due diligence to minimize potential losses.
Quantifying shape of lactation curves, and benchmark curves for common dairy breeds and parities
Authors: Ehrlich J. L. 
Published: March 2023

The MilkBot®(DairySight LLC,Argyle, NY; http://milkbot.com) lactation model provides a means of quantifying both shape and magnitude oflactation curves as a set of parameter values, each of which is associated with a single aspect of lactation curve shape. Lactation data may be fitted to the model to summarize a lactation as a set of parameter values which summarize the lactation as a whole. The scale parameter controls magnitude without changing the shape of the curve, the ramp parameter controls steepness of the post-parturient rise in milk production, the decay parameter controls the rate of late lactation decline, and the offset parameter defines a theoretical offset between the start of milk production and calving. The decay parameter is easily re-expressed mathematically as persistence to quantify the rate of decline in production after peak milk. Time and quantity of peak milk, or production for any day or period in the lactation may be calculated directly from parameter values.
Aggregate normal lactation curves for mean and median milk production of Holstein, Jersey, Crossbred, Guernsey, Ayrshire, and Brown Swiss dairy cattle, stratified by parity, are calculated from a DHIA data set collected from 2005 through mid-2008 and covering over six million lactations and 51 million milk weights, mainly from farms in the eastern United States. These constitute benchmark curves that may be used as standards for normal milk production, or to quantify changes in normal productivity over time or with respect to other variables, or in econometric studies.
A description of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in West Virginia beef herds
Authors: Gingrich Fred 
Published: March 2023

Infectious bovine keeratoconjuctivitis (IBK) is the most important ocular disease of cattle. Prevention and control of the disease can prove challengin, and the list of potential etiologic agens has expanded in recent years. Little has been recently published characterizing IBK outbreaks at the herd level. This case series investigation was conducted to describe the disease characteristics and management practices in herds affected by IBK outbreaks in 1 practice area in West Virginia in 2019. Seven producers were interviewed: 6 cow-calf producers and 1 stocker producer. Prdocuers were asked questions pertaining to disease severity and management, such as herd health protocols and husbandry. In addition, organisms from each of the herds were identified by culture and/or PCR. Results revealed a range of disease incidence as well as similarities and differences in management practices among herds. The interpretability of results is limted due to small sample size and data colelction method; however, results suggest that some herds in the area where producers were interviewed experienced severe IBK outbreaks, and that some management practices relevant to IBK were similar between herds. Results also suggest that further study to identify poorly characterized IBK risk factors is warrented.
Dose response reduction of aflatoxin M1 in milk of Holstein cows administered an aluminosilicate clay adsorbent
Authors: Allen S. C. , Russo K. , Paulus Compart D. M. , Diaz D. , Ward Stephanie H. 
Published: March 2023

Thirty-five Holstein cows were utilized in a completely randomized design to evaluate the efficacy of 2 doses of an aluminosilicate clay at reducing aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) transfer into milk. Cows were stratified by parity, stage of lactation, and milk production. Cows were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments for 13 days (n = 7): (1) control (CON), basal diet; (2) clay control (4C), CON plus 4 oz clay; (3) aflatoxin (AF) control (AF-CON), CON plus 113 ppb AF; (4) AF-CON diet with 4 oz clay (4C+AF); or (5) AF-CON diet with 8 oz clay (8C+AF). Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS, and significance was declared when P ≤ 0.05. Milk yield was greatest in 4C+AF and 8C+AF cows and least in CON. Milk AFM1concentration averaged < 0.01, N/D (< 0.04 ppb), 1.64, 1.26, and 0.90 ppb for CON, 4C, AF-CON, 4C+AF, and 8C+AF diets, respectively. A dose response was observed for AFM1 transfer with a 21.88 and 40.63% reduction in cows consuming 4C+AF and 8C+AF diets, respectively. Feeding aluminosilicate clay to AF challenged Holstein cows resulted in a dose response reduction in AFM1 secretion and improved milk production.
Systemic and local immune responses of weaned beef calves vaccinated post-transportation and at the time of a mild respiratory tract infection
Authors: Cortese Victor S. , Woolums Amelia R. , Karisch Brandi B. , Short Thomas H. , Thoresen Merrilee , Badial Peres 
Published: March 2023

To examine the effects of transport stress and concur-rent respiratory infection on bovine vaccine responses, 75 previously weaned beef calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=25/group). Group 1 calves were not transported, but were vaccinated (NTV). Both Groups 2 (vaccinated TV) and 3 (not vaccinated TUV) were transported for 12 h. Twelve h after transport, calves in NTV and TV groups were vaccinated intranasally with modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus −1 (BHV-1), and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3V), and subcutaneously with modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) types 1 and 2 vaccine with Mannheimia hemolytica (Mh) leukotoxoid vaccine. Nasal secretions and serum were collected pre- and post-vaccination for measurement of nasal interferon alpha, beta, and gamma, IgA to BHV-1 and BRSV, and serum neutralizing (SN) titers to BHV-1, BRSV, and BVDV types 1 and 2.
At vaccination some calves had nasal discharge and fever. Pre-vaccination nasal swabs, tested for respiratory viruses, were negative. During the 21-d study, 6 calves developed BRD and eventually recovered. BHV-1 and BVDV 1 and 2 SN titers were significantly higher in vaccinated than nonvaccinated calves on d 14 and 21. BVDV2 titers were significantly higher in TV than NTV. Vaccination stimulated systemic, but not mucosal, antibody responses. Cattle can mount a humoral response to vaccination in spite of transport and mild respiratory disease.
mixed-method pilot study investigating challenges experienced by mixed animal veterinarians in practice and their private practice experiences prior to graduation
Authors: Gibbons Philippa M. , Wells Julia K. , Watson Kylie R.L. , Weale John J. , Roberson Jerry R. 
Published: March 2023

The attrition of veterinarians from mixed animal practice is concerning to the industry. The objectives of this pilot study were to describe the experiences that students gain in private practices prior to graduation and to investigate the impact of these experiences on retention in mixed animal practice. Thirty-six veterinarians within 10 years post-graduation, who were employed in mixed practice as a new graduate, responded to an online questionnaire. Four of these veterinarians also participated in individual interviews. During veterinary school, 76.% spent time in private practice during pre-clinical years and 97% undertook private practice experiences (externships) in their clinical year. Most frequently reported challenges of mixed practice were working more hours than scheduled followed by weekend work, on call and financial issues equally. Upon graduation, 71.4% of veterinarians remaining in mixed practice felt prepared, whereas all 6 that had left mixed practice felt unprepared for challenges of mixed practice. 85.3% felt that externships prepared them the most for a career as a mixed animal practitioner. Three themes emerged from the interviews: working conditions; versatility of medicine; and business ability and knowledge. This study highlights the role of externships in preparing students for life in mixed animal practice.
There Is No Monster Outside: It's A Virus (Hindi Version)
Authors: Paul Pijush , Irby Beverly , Lara-Alecio Rafael , AbdelRahman Nahed , Tong Fuhui , Schiller Pam 
Published: March 2023

We wrote this book for children who are hearing the news about COVID-19 and who may be experiencing fears. Personally, we have heard children’s dreams that include mean people who take them away from their families, strange things that have happened to their classrooms, friends who are going away, or monsters that are coming after them. All of these types of fears have been expressed in dreams or daydreams of children we know. This book is dedicated to our hope of tomorrow-- the children around the world-- and to their families and caregivers who are supporting them. Our desire is that this book will be a comfort for children and will give them a sense of security in these uncertain times. This book is published in several languages to serve a need during this coronavirus pandemic. The book, free of charge, is supported by the Center for Research and Development in Dual Language and Literacy Acquisition, Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development at Texas A&M University.
May there be only good inside and outside for our world’s children!Together and respectfully, we can make a difference!
Type III mucopolysaccharidosis: literature review and clinical observation
Authors: Gudkov R. A. , Dmitriev A. V. , Fedina N. V. , Petrova V. I. , Zaplatnikov A. L. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a rare multi-stem disease caused by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the cells of various organs, leading to a violation of their function, specific phentopic signs and progressive neurocognitive disorders. Neurologic manifestations are leading in the clinical picture of the disease, as by the time of manifestation, and by severity. In most patients, in the first and even second years of life, children have normal development or indistinctly pronounced deviations. In the absence of substitute enzyme therapy for this type of MPS, a severe delay in intellectual and speech development develops rapidly, recurrent respiratory episodes in the form of pneumonia and bronchial obstruction are observed, the child is disabled early. Polymorphism and non-specificity of clinical manifestations, lack of alertness of doctors to orphan diseases are a common cause of late diagnosis of MPS. The article presents an overview of data on the prevalence, genetic and phenotypic variants of type III mucopolysaccharidosis, features of patient management and presentation of clinical observation of a child with this pathology.Clinical observation. We present our own prolonged clinical observation of a type III MPS case in a patient who has been under our supervision for 12 years. The diagnosis was established and confirmed at the age of three years. The disease was manifested by neuropsychiatric regression and systemic somatic manifestations. Motor deficits, cognitive impairments with the development of dementia and recurrent aspiration syndrome progressed in the dynamics of the child.Conclusions. The classical clinical picture of type III MPS is distinguished by the aggressive development of cognitive and motor disorders at 2–3 years of life, characteristic phenotypic and somatic manifestations of the disease. This case demonstrates the multiplicity of problems and the need for interaction between doctors of various specialties.
Effect of interferon-alpha-containing drugs on innate immunity reactions and population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Kazimirskii A. N. , Salmasi J. M. , Kukes I. V. , Poryadin G. V. , Semenova L. Y. , Panina M. I. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Interferon-containing drugs are frequently used, but their effect on the innate immune cells response and adaptive immunity parameters is not well known.Aim. To investigate the effect of interferon-alpha-containing drugs on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps, the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cell culture conditions.Materials and methods. We used peripheral blood from 12 healthy donors and 6 patients with acute inflammation, which was used as a neutrophil and lymphocyte source. Neutrophil extracellular traps were induced by two methods: either spontaneously, without stimulation, or by lipopolysaccharides.Results and discussions. The investigation of innate immunity responses showed that neutrophils from healthy donors demonstrated a slight spontaneous production of neutrophil extracellular traps during incubation (4 h). The significant NET increase was observed after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides up to 31.59 ± 2.32% after 2-hour incubation period, and up to 42.93 ± 3.56% after 4-hour incubation period. Viferon does not have a significant effect on the number of neutrophilic extracellular traps, but significantly increases their size. Kipferon limits the excessive production of neutrophil extracellular traps, reducing the number of these structures, and also significantly reduces their size and changes their morphology. Ergoferon causes not only a rapid increase in the number of neutrophilic extracellular traps, but also significantly changes their morphology. The extremely long DNA fibers that go beyond the scope of view are observed when exposed to Ergoferon. Kipferon stimulates the production of several morphological forms of neutrophilic extracellular traps at once.Conclusion. The development of innate immune responses is mainly maintained by Viferon and Kipferon. At the same time, Kipferon restrains the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and increases the number of active NK cells. The conducted multilevel study allow researchers to identify new properties and mechanisms of action of administered pharmacological products containing interferon-α, which confirm the effective stimulation of individual components of the immune system due to their action.
Prevalence of peritonsillar abscesses in children of the Tyumen region
Authors: Kuznetsova N. E. , Veshkurtseva I. M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is a suppuration of the peritonsillar fiber, which is more often a complication of acute tonsillitis, requires urgent medical care. Issues of diagnosis and treatment of PTA are one of the urgent problems of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. The main peak of the incidence occurs in adolescence, which is associated with a change in the immunobiological properties of the body at this age. In children under 3 years of age, the disease is extremely rare, but the increase in the number of PTA in children from 4.2 to 12.1% and the development of peritonsillitis in children under 3 years of age are alarming about the severity of post-streptococcal complications. Timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PTA are essential to prevent potential serious complications.Aim. To study the prevalence of PTA in children, to analyze the results of prevention with a herbal preparation.Materials and methods. A sample of medical histories of 19,017 people hospitalized in the children’s ENT department of Regional Clinical Hospital No. 2 (Tyumen) was carried out, the prevalence of PTA and other diseases of the pharynx was studied. The duration of prospective observation of patients was 10 years (2009–2019). Clinical data such as sore throat, enlargement of the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes, fever, dysphagia, nasality of the voice, trismus of the masticatory muscles were analyzed. Gender, age characteristics, data on relapse were evaluated. All patients with PTA were opened and drained of the purulent cavity with the appointment of antibacterial therapy and the herbal preparation in the postoperative period.Results. The highest incidence of PTA is observed in children of middle and high school age, more often girls are sick – 52% of cases. A more rapid relief of the main symptoms and relapses of PTA was recorded in the group of children who received the herbal preparation as a prophylaxis.Conclusions. The prevalence of PTA in childhood does not tend to decrease. Prophylactic use of the herbal preparation in the postoperative period contributes to a more rapid relief of the main symptoms of PTA and prevention of recurrence of the disease.
Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal
Chemistry
Authors: Ratto Amanda , Honek John F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3-dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex-5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
BAAE-AgNPs Improve Symptoms of Diabetes in STZ-induced Diabetic
Rats
Authors: Mosaad Yasser Omar , Hussein Mohammed Abdalla , Ateyya Hayam , Hassan Soha Ahmed , Wink Michael , Gobba Naglaa Abd El Khalik , Mohamed Zahraa Nassar 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
Nanoparticles can be employed to improve the therapeutic activity of natural
products. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious health condition that has spread like a "modern
pandemic" worldwide. In the present study, we developed silver nanoparticles, Ag-NPs, with an
aqueous extract from Balanites aegyptiaca to investigate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
Aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds (BAAE) were used in the synthesis of
BAAE-AgNPs, which were characterized using FTIR and TEM. Different doses of BAAE-AgNP
(1/50 LD50; 29.4 mg/kg b.w. and 1/20 LD50: 73.5 mg/kg b.w.) were administered to STZ-induced
diabetic rats to evaluate their potential antidiabetic activity.

Results:
FTIR spectral data indicated the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in BAAEAgNPs.
The size of the BAAE-AgNPs, determined by TEM examination, was 49.33 ± 7.59 nm,
with a zeta potential of +25.37. BAAE-AgNPs were characterized by an LD50 value of 1470
mg/kg b.w. In diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of both doses of BAAE-AgNPs (29.4 and
73.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 12 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in body weight, insulin homeostasis,
HbA1c, HDL-C, MDA, and pancreatic SOD, CAT, and GSH. They reduced plasma
glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. This treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in
pancreatic IL-6, p53, and TNF-α in diabetic rats. Furthermore, BAAE-AgNPs down-regulated
pancreatic TGF-β1 and Akt gene expression in diabetic rats and resulted in a significant decrease
in the regulation of hepatic GLUT-2, as well as an increase in the regulation of hepatic GK and
pancreatic B-cl2 gene expression. The histopathological results obtained indicated that BAAEAgNPs
improved pancreatic tissue metabolism by enhancing antioxidant enzymes, suppressing
inflammatory cytokines, and scavenging free radicals.

Conclusion:
The findings implied that similar to the glibenclamide-treated groups, in the BAAEAgNPs
treated group, the compromised antioxidant status normalized in STZ-induced diabetes. By
scavenging free radicals, BAAE-Ag-NPs protected against lipid peroxidation while reducing the
risk of complications from diabetes. Compared to the daily dose of 29.4 mg, the impact was more
prominent at 73.5 mg.
Nanoparticle Delivery of Active Traditional Chinese Medicine Ingredients:
A New Strategy for the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Wang Miaodong , Peng Peichun , Chen Zeshan , Deng Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
The precise treatment of liver cancer is receiving much research attention. Surgery,
chemoradiotherapy, and other methods remain the mainstream of this treatment, but many chemotherapeutic
drugs used to treat advanced liver cancer cause adverse reactions and have unstable
efficiencies. Active ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been examined
widely in anti-cancer research due to their advantages of multi-pathway targeting and rich pharmacological
effects. However, these active components have poor water solubility, bioavailability,
and targeting efficiency. Nanomedicine has been applied to improve the efficacy of TCM ingredients
in the treatment of liver cancer. Nanoparticles (NPs) show great potential in this context due
to their excellent bioavailability, high controlled agent release efficiency, and clear targeting. This
paper reviews the application of NPs loaded with active TCM ingredients in the treatment of liver
cancer, with the aim of facilitating new vector development and improving the precision treatment
of liver cancer.