bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erosion and accretion patterns on intertidal mudflats of the Yangtze River Estuary in response to storm conditions
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xing Fei , Shi Benwei , Wu Guoxiang , Ge Jianzhong , Peng Biaobiao , Li Mingliang , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding of erosion and accretion patterns over intertidal mudflats during storm periods is vital for the management and sustainable development of coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the 2014 storm Fung-wong on the erosion and accretion patterns of the Nanhui intertidal mudflats in the Yangtze estuary, China, based on field measurements and Delft3D numerical modeling. Results show that prolonged easterly winds during the storm enhance the flood velocity, weaken the ebb velocity, and even change the current direction. The current velocity, wave heights, and bed-level changes increased by 1–1.43 times, 2.40–3.88 times, and 2.28–2.70 times than those of normal weather, respectively. The mudflats show a spatial pattern of overall erosion but increasing erosion magnitude from the high (landward) mudflat to the low (seaward) mudflat during the storm. The magnitude of bed-level change increases with increasing wind speed, but the spatial pattern of erosion and accretion remains the same. The main reason for this pattern is the longer submersion duration of the low mudflat compared with the high mudflat, so the hydrodynamic process is longer and stronger, leading to an enhancement in bed shear stress and sediment transport rate. Wind speed increases the hydrodynamic intensity but does not affect on the submersion duration over each part of the intertidal mudflat. This study is helpful to improve the understanding of physical processes during storms on intertidal mudflats and provides a reference for their protection, utilization, and management, as well as for research in related disciplines.
Research Progress of Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Luo Ning , Li Mengdie , Xu Ming , Shi Chuanchuan , Shi Xinge , Ni Rong , Chen Yu , Zheng Liang , Tu Yuling , Hu Dan , Yu Chunlin , Li Qingying , Lu Yibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease first discovered in Ta-pieh Mountains in central China in 2009. It is caused by a novel bunyavirus infection (SFTSV). Since the first discovery of SFTSV, there have been case reports and epidemiological studies on SFTS in several East Asian countries, such as South Korea, Japan, Vietnam and so on. With the rising incidence of SFTS and the rapid spread of the novel bunyavirus around the world, it is clear that the virus has a pandemic potential and may pose a threat to global public health in the future. Early studies have suggested that ticks are an important medium for the transmission of SFTSV to humans; in recent years, it has been reported that there is also human-to-human transmission. In endemic areas, potential hosts include a variety of livestock and wildlife. When people are infected with SFTV, the main clinical manifestations are high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms, liver and kidney function damage, and even MODS, with a mortality rate of about 10–30%. This article reviews the latest progress of novel bunyavirus, including virus transmission vector, virus genotypic diversity and epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and treatment.
Reflections on applying behavioural insights to crime: a guide for behavioural scientists and criminologists in search of policy unicorns
Authors: Davies Matthew , Ruda Simon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBehavioural science has made significant contributions to public policy over the last decade from tax compliance to pensions and energy use. However, behavioural insights (BI) have not yet been able to claim significant policy shifts in the area of crime, despite increasing interest and experimentation. This paper offers a critical reflection on the state of BI and crime from the perspective of those who have been at the forefront of this work since the inception of the world's first behavioural science team in government. We outline how existing theories of crime have already laid foundations for the successful application of BI but identify opportunities to build on these with tools from behavioural science. We conclude by examining how continued cross-pollination of ideas between BI and disciplines such as applied criminology points to promising directions for future research.
A comparative study of English vowel shifts and vowel space area among Korean Americans in three dialect regions
Authors: Cheng Andrew , Jeon Lisa , Kim Dot-Eum 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent sociophonetic research has focused on the ways in which race and ethnicity influence language as well as how language is used to construct racial and ethnic identity. Comparisons of the speech of members of one ethnic group across different regions are still uncommon. In this study, fifty-one native American English speakers of Korean descent, hailing from three different dialect areas of the United States (Los Angeles County and Orange County, California; Harris County, Texas; and Gwinnett County, Georgia), were recorded speaking English in casual interviews. Their speech was analyzed for characteristics of local sound patterns in each region, including the Short Front Vowel Shift (California Vowel Shift) and the Southern Vowel Shift, as well as overall Vowel Space Area. All three groups showed evidence of the Short Front Vowel Shift, and none demonstrated the Southern Vowel Shift. The Californian speakers had the smallest vowel spaces, while the Georgian speakers had the largest. We relate these findings to the ways Korean Americans in Texas and California understand their ethnic identity vis-à-vis a kind of metropolitan or urban speech style in a highly multicultural environment, while, in comparison, Korean Americans in Georgia may use vowel space to highlight their orientation toward or away from local mainstream (white) cultural identity.
The Berkelmans–Pries dependency function: A generic measure of dependence between random variables
Authors: Berkelmans Guus , Bhulai Sandjai , van der mei Rob , Pries Joris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasuring and quantifying dependencies between random variables (RVs) can give critical insights into a dataset. Typical questions are: ‘Do underlying relationships exist?’, ‘Are some variables redundant?’, and ‘Is some target variable Y highly or weakly dependent on variable X?’ Interestingly, despite the evident need for a general-purpose measure of dependency between RVs, common practice is that most data analysts use the Pearson correlation coefficient to quantify dependence between RVs, while it is recognized that the correlation coefficient is essentially a measure for linear dependency only. Although many attempts have been made to define more generic dependency measures, there is no consensus yet on a standard, general-purpose dependency function. In fact, several ideal properties of a dependency function have been proposed, but without much argumentation. Motivated by this, we discuss and revise the list of desired properties and propose a new dependency function that meets all these requirements. This general-purpose dependency function provides data analysts with a powerful means to quantify the level of dependence between variables. To this end, we also provide Python code to determine the dependency function for use in practice.
Integrating Data Across Misaligned Spatial Units
Authors: Zhukov Yuri M. , Byers Jason S. , Davidson Marty A. , Kollman Ken 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTheoretical units of interest often do not align with the spatial units at which data are available. This problem is pervasive in political science, particularly in subnational empirical research that requires integrating data across incompatible geographic units (e.g., administrative areas, electoral constituencies, and grid cells). Overcoming this challenge requires researchers not only to align the scale of empirical and theoretical units, but also to understand the consequences of this change of support for measurement error and statistical inference. We show how the accuracy of transformed values and the estimation of regression coefficients depend on the degree of nesting (i.e., whether units fall completely and neatly inside each other) and on the relative scale of source and destination units (i.e., aggregation, disaggregation, and hybrid). We introduce simple, nonparametric measures of relative nesting and scale, asex anteindicators of spatial transformation complexity and error susceptibility. Using election data and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that these measures are strongly predictive of transformation quality across multiple change-of-support methods. We propose several validation procedures and provide open-source software to make transformation options more accessible, customizable, and intuitive.
It’s All in the Name: A Character-Based Approach to Infer Religion
Authors: Chaturvedi Rochana , Chaturvedi Sugat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLarge-scale microdata on group identity are critical for studies on identity politics and violence but remain largely unavailable for developing countries. We use personal names to infer religion in South Asia—where religion is a salient social division, and yet, disaggregated data on it are scarce. Existing work predicts religion using a dictionary-based method and, therefore, cannot classify unseen names. We provide character-based machine-learning models that can classify unseen names too with high accuracy. Our models are also much faster and, hence, scalable to large datasets. We explain the classification decisions of one of our models using the layer-wise relevance propagation technique. The character patterns learned by the classifier are rooted in the linguistic origins of names. We apply these to infer the religion of electoral candidates using historical data on Indian elections and observe a trend of declining Muslim representation. Our approach can be used to detect identity groups across the world for whom the underlying names might have different linguistic roots.
The dismissal of a pilot for poor airmanship
Authors: Hopkins H. A. 
Published: March 2023

No one, least of all professional pilots as a body, would wish to condone evasion of the issue where a pilot has wilfully or recklessly hazarded his machine and the lives of those on board. Equally there is common ground throughout the industry that air safety demands the rigorous selection of pilots for ability, together with extensive training to create and maintain necessary pilot skills.Bearing in mind the initial licensing requirements that the State lays down and the regular re-examination that a pilot submits to in competency checks there is, on the face of it, every opportunity for rejecting basically unsuitable applicants and for correcting later shortcomings in the performance of an established pilot.This seems to imply that we have to look further for the possible origins of whatever comes to be called ‘poor airmanship'.
The dismissal of a pilot for poor airmanship—the employer's point of view
Authors: Burridge A. J. 
Published: March 2023

Before beginning my contribution to this symposium, I must make it plain that I do not claim to speak here for employers of pilots, other than myself. For that matter, I do not even claim to be speaking for my own Company. The opinions I shall express are my own and they result from a modest experience in the management side of the air transport industry. They are not the product of any discussion or agreement with other employers of pilots.Concerning the title of my contribution, I shall assume the word ‘employer’ to mean an air transport undertaking, operating under an Air Operator's Certificate, and the word ‘pilot’ to mean a qualified aircraft captain engaged in public transport operations.
The continued employment of pilots involved in incidents or accidents: the operators’ responsibilities and liabilities
Authors: Edwards Marcus 
Published: March 2023

I am going to broaden the picture somewhat from what has already been said so far in order to try to put the topic of employment in its general legal context from the point of view of passengers, operators, flight crew and air traffic controllers.When a person is injured in an accident on land, he must prove negligence by somebody, e.g. the driver of a motor car, and if he can do so he can get judgment for full compensation for all his injuries, loss and damage. Recently, awards in severe cases have been up to £100 000, and sometimes more.If however the Defendant proves that he was not negligent, or that someone else caused the accident, the Plaintiff will get nothing from him, no matter how serious his injuries.
Have energy, will travel
Authors: Allen John E. 
Published: March 2023

‘“It’s a poor sort of memory that only works backwards”, said the Queen.’ From Alice through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll, (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), 1872.
An abundance of cheap energy has been essential for the growth of civilisation during this century, and, like so many of our resources, has been taken for granted— almost for too long. The title is derived from American folklore and is self-evident. ‘Without energy, can’t travel’ is also obvious; perhaps for today’s lecture a more appropriate slogan could be ‘have alternative energy sources, continue to travel’.
Developments in mathematical models of human pilot behaviour
Authors: Gerlach O. H. 
Published: March 2023

By way of introduction, I suggest you consider for a moment of four aircraft as dissimilar as a small general aviation aircraft, a large transport such as the Airbus, a glider and finally a fighter aircraft such as the Tornado. As regards handling in the air of these widely differing flying machines, their most significant common quality is perhaps that they can all be flown by a human pilot.In the definition of the desirable handling qualities of these aircraft, one might—in complete innocence—expect to find a description of such desirable qualities in terms of the behaviour, capabilities and limitations of the human pilot, which one would, of course, expect to be independent of class or category of aircraft.
The design and performance of high temperature turbines in turbofan engines
Authors: Wilde G. L. 
Published: March 2023

It is understandable for fundamental cycle efficiency reasons that the technology level claimed by manufacturers in the development of gas turbines has tended to be judged by the declared maximum TET, but this is not any longer an adequate criterion. A better criterion would be the maximum TET at which it is possible to operate a turbine for a given value of the net turbine shaft efficiency after allowing for all the cooling losses without a penalty in the operating life of the turbine in service.Figure 1 shows how the specific fuel consumption of turbofan engines varies with turbine entry temperature and overall pressure ratio for different levels of polytropic efficiency of all the components of −2%, +2%, +4% relative to datum. The importance of obtaining the highest possible component efficiencies rather than by further increasing TET and overall pressure ratio (which increase engine complexity and cost), is clearly brought out.
The White Paper— rationale and recommendations
Authors: Ledsome N. F. 
Published: March 2023

The White Paper has five main objectives. First, to establish a framework against which over an extended period airport developments throughout Great Britain should be considered; secondly, to assess the future demand for air transport and thus for airport capacity; thirdly, to explain how demand might be met during the period to 1990; fourthly, to examine the noise and other environmental effects of airport developments; and finally, to outline the airport options to be considered for the longer term.I need not, for this audience, outline the history of airport development in Great Britain over the past 30 years. The approach to the South East problem which was characterised by efforts to find the grand solution; the failure to consider the requirements of the South East within a wider national context; and the absence of any proper guidance for the development of airports outside the South East with the consequent over provision of facilities in the regions which we face today.
European air transport up to the year 2000
Authors: Watts Roy 
Published: March 2023

In terms of world scheduled passenger traffic, Europe accounts for:(a) 35% of passenger journeys;(b) 10% of passenger kilometres;(c) 40% of aircraft movements.This traffic has shown sustained growth at about twice the rate of general economic expansion.Rapid growth of trade and discretionary income explains a substantial proportion of this growth, but the efforts of the airline industry itself, which have resulted in improvements in speed and comfort and a persistent fall in real fares, are equally important.Since the early 1960s the air travel market has broadened considerably. The scheduled industry no longer caters solely for business and wealthy leisure travellers. Increasingly, in a consumerist world, it caters for travellers with modest incomes. Consumerism is not the only external force to be reckoned with. The environmental lobby is strong and demands attention.
Computer generated images for aircraft use
Authors: Evans D. C. 
Published: March 2023

In recent years digital computer technology has been employed to produce visual images for use in the training of aircraft pilots by simulation. The technology employed is that of computer graphics which has been in use since the 1950s in a variety of man-machine systems. The rudiments of a basic computer graphics system are represented schematically in Fig. 1. They are a graphics computer and a human operator. The interaction proceeds as follows:(i) the computer produces a visual image;(ii) the operator sees the image;(iii) the operator generates a response which he sends to the computer;(iv) the computer in turn causes some change in the visual image.The use of this closed loop communication may vary greatly from application-to-application but the principles are universal.
The German-Dutch low speed wind tunnel DNW
Authors: Seidel -lng M. , Jaarsma Ir. F. 
Published: March 2023

As the first international project of this kind, the German-Dutch Wind tunnel (DNW) is under construction in the Noordoostpolder, The Netherlands. The DNW will be among the largest and most extensive complete low speed wind tunnels in Europe. This project is based on previous specifications and design work for two former national projects (now abandoned) which were similar in size and performance and mutually complementary in view of the tasks. The DNW will contribute to filling the gap still existing in the field of aeronautical test facilities in Europe for effective aircraft development work.The DNW will consist of a closed circuit tunnel (total length of centre line: 318 m) with three interchangeable atmospheric test sections with cross-sectional sizes of 9.5m x 9.5 m, 8 m x 6m and 6 m x 6 m; the maximum speed is about 60, 110 and 145 m/s respec-tively. In addition, an open jet configuration will be available with special features for aero-acoustic tests. The single-stage speed-controlled fan of 12 m diameter has a nominal drive power of 12.7 MW. The standard equipment will include an air exchange system and a heat exchanger in the circuit, a model sting support, a six-component balance, and a distributed computer system for data acquisition/reduction and control purposes.
Airworthiness of helicopters
Authors: Le Sueur H. E. 
Published: March 2023

In considering the necessity for requirements to establish the airworthiness of helicopters it is essential to take into account the capabilities of the vehicle itself, the environment in which the vehicle is likely to be used and the abilities of the people most likely to be involved with the vehicle.As envisaged by the inventors the helicopter is a vehicle which is capable of both vertical and translational flight. Unfortunately if the helicopter enters a cloud whilst engaged in vertical flight all visual reference is lost and the pilot is unable to correct any disturbance due to gustiness in the surrounding air. Conversely, if descending in vertical flight a situation can arise where the rotor develops a vortex ring and without forward speed the descent rate cannot be reduced until the helicopter hits the ground. It is therefore apparent that in flying the helicopter the pilot has to know its limitations and must be trained to handle the aircraft properly. Again in the course of flying the helicopter there is a probability that something will fail and if that probability is too high then such failures must be taken into account in assessing the airworthiness.
The role of management and trade unions in the future performance of British industry
Authors: Prior James 
Published: March 2023

British trade unions were the first to protect the interests of working people because it was Britain that had pioneered industrial development. Most unions were based primarily on craft to begin with. They were an extension of the old guild system, and entrance into them required a long apprenticeship but conferred considerable benefits in terms of security and status. Many of them had complicated and often idealistic constitutions such as the Engineers Union with its democratic checks and balances based on the philosophy of Rousseau. In fact these early unions were designed as much to protect the workers in them against other workers as to take on the role of social organisations resisting unfair employers.The large unions for manual workers came later as more and more working class people abandoned the land and fled to the factories. These unions were more embracing, less concerned about qualification and often survive today with essentially the same constitution and rule books of their original founders. The main role of these unions quickly became the alleviation of the lot of working people at a time when the worst type of industrial boss practised the survival of the fittest, while often the weak went to the wall.
A case of recurrent human Dirofilaria repens infection in Uzbekistan
Authors: Safarov A. , Ionică A.M. , Akramova F. , Shakarbaev U. , Briciu V.T. , Ieremia A. , Berdibaev A. , Azimov D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic mosquito-borne filarioid that parasitizes in the subcutaneous tissues of carnivores, that has been incriminated in the great majority of human dirofilariasis cases reported throughout the Old World. From the Republic of Uzbekistan, recent data showed that this parasite is endemic in domestic and wild carnivores. In contrast, information regarding human infection is scarce and mostly outdated, with a single case report being published during the last decades. The present paper reports a case of recurrent autochthonous infection with D. repens in a patient living in the rural area of the Sirdaryo Region of Uzbekistan and having no international travel history. The first diagnosis was in 2019, when the patient presented with what was suspected to be a tumour of the left breast. Three years later, in 2022, she presented for a consultation after experiencing redness, occasional swelling and persistent itching in the umbilical region of the abdomen. The ultrasound indicated the presence of a living, motile nematode. Following anthelmintic therapy, the parasite was surgically removed and identified as a female D. repens. The present report highlights the possibility of human re-infection with D. repens and further underlines the necessity of raising public awareness and implementing of solid control strategies in carnivores.