bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who are the donors? A characterisation of two years of volunteer milk donors to a community-based UK milk bank
Authors: Wedekind Sophie , Watt Jo , Grimwade-Mann Michael , Brown Amy , Shenker Natalie , Weaver Gillian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Demand for donor human milk (DHM) is increasing secondary to increased neonatal unit admissions and acceptability. Recruitment and retention of donors is a priority for human milk banks (HMB), but little data is available to optimise donor recruitment, ensuring donors are effectively and compassionately supported, as well as ensuring operational strategies to maximise inclusivity and efficiency. A review was therefore undertaken of all recruited donors to the Hearts Milk Bank, a large, community-based charitable HMB over a 2-year period.
Methods: A retrospective data collection was undertaken to review the demographics, characteristics, and donation history of all donors registered to the Hearts Milk Bank in 2020 or 2021, who donated up to 31st March 2022. Donor variables included age, ethnicity, location, occupation, pumping modalities and reason for donating, alongside infant variables including gestational age, birthweight, age at registration, and admission to a neonatal unit. Descriptive statistics were calculated based on duration of donation, volume and donation numbers, and microbiological fail rates compared between groups using T-tests.
Results: A total of 498 donors were recruited over a 2-year period (2020, n=244; 2021, n=254). Of these, 48 donors who had either donated to Hearts before or continued donating after their infant reached another milk bank’s age limit. Most donors lived with a partner (92%) and every ethnicity was represented with the exceptions of Black Caribbean and Mixed White / Black Caribbean. The mean gestational age at birth was 36 weeks, with 40.5% of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The mean age of the infant at registration was 18.8 weeks. Overall, 47% donors made only a single donation and 7.2% of recruited donors never donated. The mean total volume of milk donated was 14.9 litres, with significantly greater volumes donated by those registered before their infant was 6 months of age (26 - 80 weeks; 15.9 L (range vs. 6.44 L).
Conclusions: Donors were broadly reflective of previous studies regarding demographics, and representative of Hearts’ local populations. These findings will support future research that can encourage the recruitment, optimal support and retention of milk donors.
Invasiveness, Intrusiveness and Influence: Three new metrics to measure communication between political digital echo chambers
Authors: Kalluçi Eglantina , Peshkopia Ridvan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The contemporary debate about the role of political digital echo chambers (DPECs) relies more on assumptions, guess work, and speculations rather than empirical conclusions. Such shortcomings reflect the lack of empirical tools to measure the communication between echo chambers and the outside world. We try to overcome this deficiency by construing three graph-level metrics, Invasiveness, Intrusiveness and Influence, which try to capture the information dominance of a DPEC over another one, its strength of information source, and the penetration capability of one DPEC’s message deep into another DPEC’s space, respectively. We tested our metrics with simulated and real network data, and they seem to respond according to their design and our expectations.
A novel cubical fuzzy score function for the location selection of wind farm using linear assignment method
Authors: A Thilagavathy , S Mohanaselvi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In an uncertain context, extensions of the fuzzy set have a substantial impact in multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) situations. Cubical fuzzy set (CFS), is one such extension that is more advantageous for handling impreciseness in MCDM problems. The comparison of cubical fuzzy numbers (CFNs) is a signicant stage in the cubical fuzzy decision making process. In literature, it is found that the existing ranking functions fails to compare CFNs in certain situations. In order to address this issue, the current paper focuses on dening a new score function that compares CFNs in all circumstances. A comparison study is made with the literature to show the potency of the proposed score function. In multiple criteria problems, nding criteria weights plays a vital phase during the decision making process. Taking into account, this paper adopted the subjective method of pairwise comparison for determining the criteria objective weights. Further, a cubical fuzzy linear assignment method (CF-LAM) based on the proposed score function for solving a cubical fuzzy multiple criteria group decision making (CF-MCGDM) problem has been developed. The practical applicability and feasibility of the proposed score function using the developed LAM are illustrated by solving a real life MCGDM problem of nding the best location for the construction of a wind power farm under a CF environment.
Cubic Fe-bearing majorite synthesized at 18-25 GPa and 1000 °C: implications for element transport, subducted slab rheology and diamond formation
Authors: Stagno Vincenzo , Bindi Luca , Bonechi Barbara , Greaux Steeve , Aulbach Sonja , Irifune Tetsuo , Lupi Stefano , Marras Giulia , McCammon Catherine A. , Nazzari Manuela , Piccirilli Federica , Poe Brent , Romano Claudia , Scarlato Piergiorgio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The chemistry and mineralogy of slabs subducted into lower mantle control slab rheology and impacts the deep volatile cycle. It is known that the metamorphism of little-altered oceanic crust results in eclogite rocks with subequal proportions of garnet and clinopyroxene. With increasing pressure, these minerals react to stabilize pyrope-rich tetragonal majoritic garnet. However, some eclogites contain higher proportions of omphacitic clinopyroxene, caused by Na- and Si-rich metasomatism on the ocean floor or during subduction. The mineralogy of such eclogites is expected to evolve differently. Here, we discuss the results of the crystallization products of omphacitic glass at ~18 and ~25 GPa and 1000 °C to simulate P-T regimes of cold subduction. The full characterization of the recovered samples indicates evidence of crystallization of Na-, Si-rich cubic instead of tetragonal majorite. This cubic majorite can incorporate large amounts of ferric iron, promoting redox reactions with surrounding volatile-bearing fluids and, ultimately, diamond formation. In addition, the occurrence of cubic majorite in the slab would affect the local density, favoring the continued buoyancy of the slab as previously proposed by seismic observations. Attention must be paid to omphacitic inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds as these might have experienced back-transformation from the HP isochemical cubic phase.
Experimental Study Of Steel Plate Girder With Innovative Shape Of Web Under Concentrated Load
Authors: Shaffaf Noora N. , Ammash Haider K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The experimental investigation was presented in this paper and the laboratory tests was performed on I-girders with honeycomb steel plate web HWG. The objective of the research was to estimate the shear behavior of the honeycomb steel plate web girders that subjected to one-point loading. Twelve simply supported specimens with differences in the web corrugations were divided into four groups, first one is the flat web FW while the others are the honeycomb webs HW. The honeycomb web classified with respect to the width of honeycomb cell which included; 60, 80 and 100mm. Also, each group with three samples which fabricated with a variable aspect ratio a/d; 1, 2 and 3. Tested under one concentrated load applied at mid-span of simply-supported girder. The results showed that, the honeycomb web with 60mm-thick and with aspect ratio a/d equal to 1, recorded a highest value in the ultimate load compared with flat web and with other samples of honeycomb web. Also, it was concluded that, thickness of steel plate, and corrugation dimensions of honeycomb web had great effects on the enhancement of web shear resistance.
Survival Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Future Blood-Based Diagnostic Test to Detect Cerebral Aneurysm Formation: A hypothetical modeling study
Authors: Mittal Aditya M. , Nowicki Kamil W. , Dembinski Robert , Alattar Ali , McDowell Michael M. , Lang Michael J. , Gross Bradley A. , Friedlander Robert M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Cerebral aneurysms are typically diagnosed incidentally or upon rupture.
In this study we aimed to investigate cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical blood-based diagnostic test to detect cerebral aneurysm formation in the US healthcare model.
DESIGN: Markov decision analytic models were created for four different case studies to simulate management of cerebral aneurysm diagnosis within the US healthcare system over 50 years. To assess robustness, we performed sensitivity analyses. Further analysis was performed for different risk factors, patient groups, and aneurysm size.
INTERVENTIONS: Standard care, thrice-annually blood test monitoring, annual blood testing among high-risk groups.
RESULTS: A blood based diagnostic test pathway is more cost effective in patients undergoing watchful-waiting and as a screening tool in patients at a higher-risk of developing an aneurysm when compared to the traditional pathway. Our analysis demonstrated a greater than three-fold reduction in mortality compared to the standard of care (SOC) (15.71% vs 53.10%, respectively). The cost of using a blood test per additional QALY gained was estimated to be $34,515.13 among the watchful-waiting cohort. The threshold price for cost-effectiveness of a blood test was determined to be $3,951. Among patients with one family member with an aneurysm and smokers, we observed a near tenfold reduction in mortality compared to the SOC (0.21% vs 2.35%, and 0.27% vs 3.30 %, respectively) with a threshold at $865.23 and $1,078.48.
CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a hypothetical blood-based diagnostic test to detect cerebral aneurysm formation would have a life-saving effect within the US healthcare system while remaining cost-effective.
Ocimum kilimandscharicum 4CL11 negatively regulates root formation by inhibiting polar auxin transport via flavonoids accumulation
Authors: Lavhale Santosh , Kondhare Kirtikumar , Sinthadurai Veenothini , Barvkar Vitthal , Joshi Rakesh , Giri Ashok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase (4CL) is an important enzyme in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Multiple 4CLs are identified in Ocimum species; however, their function remains enigmatic. In this study, we independently overexpressed three Ok4CL isoforms from Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Ok4CL7, -11 and -15) in the plant species Nicotiana benthamiana, Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana for functional characterization. Interestingly, Ok4CL11 overexpression causes a rootless or reduced root growth phenotype, whereas overexpression of other two isoforms (Ok4CL7 and -15) resulted in normal adventitious root growth. Overexpression of Ok4CL11 in N. benthamiana leads to abundance of flavonoid-glycosides (i.e. kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-alpha-L-rhamnoside [K3,7R], quercetin-3-O-rutinoside [Q3R]), reduces auxin levels, and disrupts auxin transport and signaling, which cumulatively results in a rootless phenotype. In silico studies show that auxin transporters (PINs/LAXs) have higher binding affinity to K3,7R than to auxins, suggesting a potential disruption of auxin transport by the flavonoid-glycosides accumulated in Ok4CL11-OE lines. Our study reveals a unique indirect function of Ok4CL11 as a negative regulator of root growth, likely involving inhibition of auxin transport. As Ok4CL11 strongly affects root development, it is imperative to understand tissue-specific regulation of its gene expression and could be utilized for agricultural benefits.
LncRNA-mediated Modulation of Endothelial Cells: Novel Progress
in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Ouyang Shao , Zhou Zhi-Xiang , Liu Hui-Ting , Ren Zhong , Liu Huan , Deng Nian-Hua , Tian Kai-Jiang , Zhou Kun , Xie Hai-lin , Jiang Zhi-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease
and an important cause of death. Moreover, endothelial cells (ECs) injury is an early
pathophysiological feature of CAD, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can modulate
gene expression. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis
of CAD, especially by regulating ECs. In this review, we summarize the novel
progress of lncRNA-modulated ECs in the pathogenesis of CAD, including ECs proliferation,
migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis.
Thus, as lncRNAs regulate ECs in CAD, lncRNAs will provide ideal and novel targets
for the diagnosis and drug therapy of CAD.
Leishmaniasis: Omics Approaches to Understand its Biology from Molecule
to Cell Level
Authors: Kumari Indu , Lakhanpal Dinesh , Swargam Sandeep , Nath Jha Anupam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Leishmaniasis is the second deadliest vector-borne, neglected tropical zoonotic disease and
is found in a variety of clinical forms based on genetic background. Its endemic type is present in tropical,
sub-tropical and Mediterranean areas around the world which accounts for a lot of deaths every
year. Currently, a variety of techniques are available for detection of leishmaniasis each technique having
it's own pros and cons. The advancing next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are employed
to find out novel diagnostic markers based on single nucleotide variants. A total of 274 NGS studies
are available in European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) portal (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/home)
that focused on wild-type and mutated Leishmania, differential gene expression, miRNA expression,
and detection of aneuploidy mosaicism by omics approaches. These studies have provided insights into
the population structure, virulence, and extensive structural variation, including known and suspected
drug resistance loci, mosaic aneuploidy and hybrid formation under stressed conditions and inside the
midgut of the sandfly. The complex interactions occurring within the parasite-host-vector triangle can
be better understood by omics approaches. Further, advanced CRISPR technology allows researchers
to delete and modify each gene individually to know the importance of genes in the virulence and survival
of the disease-causing protozoa. In vitro generation of Leishmania hybrids are helping to understand
the mechanism of disease progression in its different stages of infection. This review will give a
comprehensive picture of the available omics data of various Leishmania spp. which helped to reveal
the effect of climate change on the spread of its vector, the pathogen survival strategies, emerging antimicrobial
resistance and its clinical importance.
Exosomal miRNAs as Next-generation Therapy Vehicles in Breast Cancer
Authors: Thakur Priyanka , Dahiya Harshita , Kaushal Ankur , Gupta Vijai Kumar , Saini Adesh K. , Saini Reena V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The second most pervasive cancer affecting the survival of women across the world is
breast cancer. One of the biggest challenges in breast cancer treatment is the chemoresistance of cancer
cells to various medications after some time. Therefore, highly specific blood-based biomarkers
are required for early breast cancer diagnosis to overcome chemoresistance and improve patient survival.
These days, exosomal miRNAs have attracted much attention as early diagnostic blood-based
biomarkers because of their high stability, secretion from malignant tumor cells, and excellent specificity
for different breast cancer subtypes. In addition, exosomal miRNAs regulate cell proliferation,
invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis by binding to the 3′UTR of their target genes and limiting their
production. This review focuses on the functions of exosomal miRNAs in tumorigenesis via targeting
multiple signaling pathways as well as chemosensitivity and resistance mechanisms. In addition, the
growing pieces of evidence discussed in this review suggest that circulating exosomal miRNAs could
be utilized as potential next-generation therapeutic target vehicles in the treatment of breast cancer.
CRISPR-Cas9: A Potent Gene-editing Tool for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Mishra Gauri , Srivastava Kamakshi , Rais Juhi , Dixit Manish , Kumari Singh Vandana , Chandra Mishra Lokesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The prokaryotic adaptive immune system has clustered regularly interspaced
short palindromic repeat. CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) genome
editing systems have been harnessed. A robust programmed technique for efficient
and accurate genome editing and gene targeting has been developed. Engineered cell
therapy, in vivo gene therapy, animal modeling, and cancer diagnosis and treatment
are all possible applications of this ground-breaking approach. Multiple genetic and
epigenetic changes in cancer cells induce malignant cell growth and provide chemoresistance.
The capacity to repair or ablate such mutations has enormous potential in
the fight against cancer. The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing method has recently become
popular in cancer treatment research due to its excellent efficiency and accuracy.
The preceding study has shown therapeutic potential in expanding our anticancer
treatments by using CRISPR-Cas9 to directly target cancer cell genomic DNA in cellular
and animal cancer models. In addition, CRISPR-Cas9 can combat oncogenic infections
and test anticancer medicines. It may design immune cells and oncolytic viruses
for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. In this review, these preclinical CRISPRCas9-
based cancer therapeutic techniques are summarised, along with the hurdles
and advancements in converting therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 into clinical use. It will
increase their applicability in cancer research.
The Biological and Pharmacological Potentials of Indole-based Heterocycles
Authors: Sharma Shivangi , Singh Shivendra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
An important bioactive heterocycle having several uses in medicinal chemistry, synthetic
organic chemistry, material chemistry, and natural product is indole along with its analogues. Many
bioactive indole-based heterocycles have important antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral,
antimalarial, chemotherapeutic, antifungal, and anti-TB effects, as well as antioxidant capabilities.
Several well-known medications, including tadalafil, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and fluvastatin are indole-
based potential bioactive compounds. Based on the existing and latest evidence, researchers have
focused on developing indole-based compounds with novel biological and pharmacological properties
for decades. Owing to useful bioactivities, we have described many bioactive indoles and their synthetic
methods in this review article.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Neurologic Injury
Authors: Poe Jordan , Sriram Sai , Mehkri Yusuf , Lucke-Wold Brandon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Neurologic injury continues to be a debilitating worldwide disease with high morbidity and
mortality. The systemic sequelae of a neural insult often lead to prolonged hospital stays and challenging
nutritional demands that contribute to poorer prognoses. Clinical management of a given condition
should prioritize preserving the homeostatic parameters disrupted by inflammatory response cascades
following the primary insult. This focused review examines the reciprocal relationship between electrolyte
disturbance and neurologic injury. A prolonged electrolyte imbalance can significantly impact
morbidity and mortality in neurologic injuries. A detailed overview of the major electrolytes and their
physiologic, iatrogenic, and therapeutic implications are included. The pathophysiology of how
dysnatremias, dyskalemias, dyscalcemias, and dysmagnesemias occur and the symptoms they can induce
are described. The manifestations in relation to traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, and acute ischemic
stroke are addressed. Each type of injury and the strength of its association with a disruption in
either sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium is examined. The value of supplementation and replacement
is highlighted with an emphasis on the importance of early recognition in this patient population.
This review also looks at the current challenges associated with correcting imbalances in the
setting of different injuries, including the relevant indications and precautions for some of the available
therapeutic interventions. Based on the findings of this review, there may be a need for more distinct
clinical guidelines on managing different electrolyte imbalances depending on the specified neurologic
injury. Additional research and statistical data on individual associations between insult and
imbalance are needed to support this potential future call for context-based protocols.
Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) in Relation to PANoptosis: Immune
Pharmacological Targets for Management of Breast Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Maitra Subarnarekha , Bhattacharya Debarati , Paul Souvik , Chowdhury Payel Ghosh , Mandal Dipanjan , Haldar Pallab Kanti , Balaraman Ashok Kumar , Bala Asis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Programmed cell death protein 1 or Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and Programmed Cell
Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) research have tremendously been taken into great consideration in the field
of cancer immune pharmacology. Cancer immunotherapy has been convoyed by a capable outcome
over the past few years. PD-1 and PD-L1 play a pivotal role in attenuating immune involvement,
modulating the activity of T-cells, and promoting different types of programmed cell death. Participation
of antigen-specific T cells and regulatory T cells and their acute mutations during cancer
cell invasion and migration may lead to challenges for three programmed cell death methods,
namely, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis called “PANoptosis”. This review aimed to explore
the correlation between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in “PANoptosis” using available recently published
literature with several schematic representations. Hopefully, the review will facilitate the
biomedical scientist targeting cancer immune pharmacological aspect for the management of Breast
Adenocarcinoma shortly.