bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontargeted screening based on EI‐MS spectra using statistical methods: An investigative study of synthetic indole/indazole cannabinoids
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhou Liying , Lv Min , Chen Zhuonan , Hu Chi , Xiang Ping , Chen Hang 
Published: April 2023

RationaleMass spectrometry has evolved into a highly powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses. However, the identification of trace amounts of previously unknown structures in complex chemical matrix environments remains challenging. The rapid emergence of new synthetic cannabinoid substances is a typical example of this. Existing laboratory techniques are mostly based on methods used for lists of known illegal compounds. This situation poses a challenge to traditional data analysis and the risk of missing the compounds. Therefore, we propose to develop and validate a statistical model to classify newly emerging synthetic cannabinoid substances into a structural class or subclass.MethodsWe obtained 70 electrospray ionization spectra of indole/indazole synthetic cannabinoids from both the actual standard analysis and the SWGDRUG mass spectral library (version 3.10). Each sample consisted of 330 m/z variables and corresponding relative intensities. We first cleared the variables with a variance below 0.1. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the variance‐filtered data, and the two principal components were retained to generate new data for hierarchical clustering. After hierarchical clustering, we used the receiver operating characteristic method in this cluster.ResultsSeventy synthetic indole/indazole cannabinoids were classified into four clusters. The side chain of cluster 1 is mainly fluorobenzyl, cluster 2 is pentyl, cluster 3 includes compounds from several structures, and cluster 4 is mainly fluoropentyl. The most relevant characteristic ions are m/z 109, m/z 252, and m/z 253 for cluster 1; m/z 144 and m/z 214 for cluster 2; and m/z 232 and m/z 233 for cluster 4.ConclusionsThis study provides a more objective and less time‐consuming solution for characterizing synthetic cannabinoids. And this work validates the ability of PCA to extract characteristic fragment ions.
On powers of tight Hamilton cycles in randomly perturbed hypergraphs
Authors: Chang Yulin , Han Jie , Thoma Lubos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor integers and , we show that for every , there exists such that the union of ‐uniform hypergraph on vertices with minimum codegree at least and a binomial random ‐uniform hypergraph with on the same vertex set contains the power of a tight Hamilton cycle with high probability. Moreover, a construction shows that one cannot take , where is a constant. Thus the bound on is optimal up to the value of and this answers a question of Bedenknecht, Han, Kohayakawa, and Mota.
Differences and similarities of albumins from japonica rice bran, japonica, indica, and javanica rice endosperm in the suppressive effect of postprandial blood glucose elevation
Authors: Ogawa Rio , Sugimoto Chiaki , Hamada Aya , Ninomiya Kazumi , Ina Shigenobu , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Kumagai Hitoshi , Kumagai Hitomi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSuppression of rapid increase in blood glucose level using food components can prevent diabetes. To use functional food components from natural resources, information regarding the plant varieties and plant parts where the component exists is important for the effective extraction and the effective use of biological resources. We have previously found that proteins from the albumin fraction of rice endosperm are indigestible and adsorb glucose to suppress postprandial blood glucose elevation in vivo. However, the variety and location of this functional protein remain unknown. We investigated whether water‐soluble fraction from the endosperm of indica and javanica rice and red and middle bran of japonica rice contains functional albumin observed in the endosperm of japonica. Middle bran was found to possess an indigestible albumin with the same molecular weight as that in the endosperm of japonica and adsorb a large amount of glucose. Middle‐bran albumin suppressed postprandial blood glucose elevation after oral glucose loading in animal experiments, as well as the rice‐endosperm albumin. As middle bran is the outer layer of the endosperm, many functional components are distributed. Our study can aid the effective use of middle bran, which is predominantly discarded in the process of making rice wine, as a functional food material for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.
DNA‐Guided Extracellular‐Vesicle Metallization with High Catalytic Activity for Accurate Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Chen Yirong , Zhang Songzhi , Lu Jun , Li Dandan , Wu Haiping , Zhang Lu , Li Xinyu , Gao Xin , Xu Yuan , Zeng Zijie , Zeng Li , Ding Xiaojuan , Li Xinmin , Ding Shijia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSensitive and specific analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers a promising minimally invasive way to identify malignant pulmonary nodules from benign lesions. However, accurate analysis of EVs is subject to free target proteins in blood samples, which compromises the clinical diagnosis value of EVs. Here a DNA‐guided extracellular‐vesicle metallization (DEVM) strategy is described for ultrasensitive and specific analysis of EV protein biomarkers and classification of pulmonary nodules. The facile DEVM process mainly includes the incorporation of DNA labeled with cholesterol and thiol groups into EV membranes and subsequent deposition of Au3+ and Pt4+ to allow the DNA‐functionalized EVs to be encapsulated with AuPt nanoshells. It is found that the synthesized AuPt‐metallized EVs possess extrinsic peroxidase‐like activity. Utilizing the feature of the catalytic metal nanoshells just growth on the EV membranes, the DEVM method enables multiparametric recognition of target proteins and EV membranes and can produce an amplified colorimetric signal, avoiding the interference of free proteins. By profiling four surface proteins of EVs from 48 patients with pulmonary nodules, the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.9983) is obtained. Therefore, this work provides a feasible EVs analysis tool for accurate pulmonary nodules management.
Wie entsteht Inflation?
Authors: Gischer Horst , Herz Bernhard , Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungGeldentwertung ist ein weitgehend unerwünschter makroökonomischer Zustand. Um ihn effektiv zu verhindern hilft es, die Entstehung von Inflation zu untersuchen. Die Analyse setzt an den fundamentalen Eigenschaften moderner Volkswirtschaften an.
Robotik im Krankenhaus
Authors: Graf Birgit , Klein Barbara 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungBedingt durch den eklatanten Personalmangel und den Druck, kosteneffizient arbeiten zu müssen, stehen Krankenhäuser vor großen Herausforderungen. Deshalb gerät Unterstützung durch mehr Automatisierung, wie sie in anderen Branchen bereits gang und gäbe ist, auch im Gesundheitssektor verstärkt in den Fokus. Während Serviceroboter im Operationssaal bereits etabliert sind, wurden in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Roboter für weitere Einsatzfelder im Krankenhaus entwickelt. Das Kapitel stellt diese Einsatzfelder vor: patientenferne Routinetätigkeiten wie Transportdienste und Reinigung, Rehabilitation sowie schließlich Unterstützung in der Pflege. In kompakter Form werden ein kurzer Stand der Technik sowie ausgewählte Forschungstätigkeiten benannt. Es zeigt sich, dass die meisten am Markt verfügbaren Produkte auf eine ausgewählte Tätigkeit beschränkt sind und weitgehend fern der eigentlichen Pflegetätigkeit genutzt werden. Um weitere Produkte in die Praxis zu bringen, bedarf es neben den Forschungs- und Entwicklungstätigkeiten auch umfassender Tests der Roboter, damit sie sowohl ihren Nutzen, die Nutzerfreundlichkeit und Akzeptanz als auch das Potenzial für einen wirtschaftlichen Einsatz nachweisen können.
Verbesserung der Personalallokation durch Strukturwandel
Authors: Schreyögg Jonas 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung Zur Bewältigung des Fachkräfteengpasses in Krankenhäusern werden in Politik und Öffentlichkeit zahlreiche Lösungsstrategien diskutiert. Strategien zur Reallokation der knappen Personalressourcen, bei der neben Maßnahmen zur Personalrekrutierung vor allem auf eine humanressourcenschonende, bedarfsgerechte und Redundanzen vermeidende Versorgung gesetzt werden, kommen dabei jedoch zu kurz. In diesem Beitrag werden zentrale Vorhaben des aktuellen Koalitionsvertrags mit ihrer potenziellen Wirkung auf die Reallokation von Personalressourcen beleuchtet. Im Kern geht es um die Reform der Notfallversorgung verbunden mit einer Reduktion und Zentralisierung von Notfallstandorten, eine sektorenübergreifende bedarfs-, leistungs- und qualitätsorientierte Bedarfsplanung, die Einführung einer pauschalen, sektorengleichen Vergütung für bestimmte Leistungen sowie die Etablierung regionaler Versorgungszentren als niederschwellige Alternative zu Krankenhäusern im herkömmlichen Sinne. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass ein Strukturwandel der Versorgungslandschaft eine erhebliche Verbesserung der Personalallokation im deutschen Gesundheitswesen bewirken kann. Es ist nicht unwahrscheinlich, dass ein Strukturwandel sogar unter Berücksichtigung der bereits initiierten Maßnahmen Fachkräfteengpässe im Gesundheitswesen auflösen kann.
Hypertensive response to exercise, hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—a continuum of disease?
Authors: Wiech Patrick , Würzburger Laura , Rossi Valentina A. , Caselli Stefano , Schmied Christian M. , Niederseer David 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Introduction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been shown to be a long-term consequence of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (aHT). Other than that, hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) precedes aHT. We aim to evaluate the available evidence for a continuum of HRE, aHT and HFpEF.

Methods
A literature search on PubMed was conducted to assembly the most recent data on the topic. After collecting the data, a qualitative analysis was instrumented.

Results
10 studies including 16,165 subjects were analyzed with respect to the association between HRE and the future risk of developing aHT. With the exception of one study, all reported on a positive association between HRE and the future development of aHT despite methodological issues related to different definitions for HRE. Furthermore, HRE was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Moreover, we analysed 6 studies including overall 1366 subjects investigating the association between HRE and HFpEF. In these studies, increased left atrial volume index (LAVI), elevated E/e’ (as surrogate parameters of increased LV end-diastolic filling pressure and of diastolic dysfunction) and higher LV mass index have been proposed as independent predictor of HRE in patients with no known HFpEF diagnosis.

Discussion and conclusion
The literature search revealed suggestive data on a connection of HRE, aHT and HFpEF. HRE seems to be an independent risk factor for aHT and aHT in turn is one of the main risk factors for HFpEF. However, further research is needed to improve our knowledge of a possible continuum of disease.
Comparison of clinical effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty with two different puncture approaches on the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with narrow pedicles: a retrospective controlled study
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Tian Jiwei , Yu Xiao , Sun Zhongyi , Wang Haibin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with conventional transpedicle approach (CTA) or basal transverse process-pedicle approach (BTPA) on the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (TL-OVCFs) with narrow pedicles.

Methods
A retrospective study of TL-OVCFs with narrow pedicles was performed, including 78 cases of CTA and 84 cases of BTPA. The surgical outcomes, radiographic parameters [the width and height of the pedicle (PW, PH), the inclination angle of puncture (PIA)] and clinical indicators [visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)] of two groups were compared.

Results
In terms of surgical outcomes of them, there was no difference in operation time (P > 0.05), while the volume of bone cement, the incidence of bone cement leakage and rate of good bone cement distribution were significantly worse in the CTA group (4.4 ± 0.6 ml vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 ml, 37.2% vs. 20.2%, 52.6% vs. 79.8%, P < 0.05). As for radiographic parameters and clinical indicators of them, the differences were not observed in the PH, PW, preoperative VAS score and ODI (P > 0.05), whereas the PIA, VAS score and ODI at 1 day postoperatively were significantly better in the BTPA group (17.3 ± 2.1° vs. 29.6 ± 2.8°, 2.7 ± 0.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.8, 32.8 ± 4.6 vs. 26.7 ± 4.0, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The study provided solid evidence that PVP with BTPA had more advantages in the treatment of TL-OVCFs with narrow pedicles, which can better relieve postoperative pain.
Low rates of apomixis and polyploidy in progeny of Thuringian Sorbus subgenus Tormaria
Authors: Feulner Martin , Aas Gregor , Urbon Tessa , Caré Oliver , Kuchma Oleksandra , Hosius Bernhard , Kahlert Karina , Leinemann Ludger 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTriassic limestone areas of Thuringia are well-known for their richness of hybrids between S. aria and S. torminalis (subgenus Tormaria). Those have been originally described as endemic taxa (i.e. Sorbus heilingensis, S. isenacensis). However, the former endemics have been recently synonymized with S. × decipiens (Karpatiosorbus × hybrida (Bechst.) Sennikov & Kurtto) due to diploidy and putative sexuality. Generally, crosses between diploid and sexual parents should segregate and intermediates as well as morphotypes close to the parents should be the outcome. To test for clonality versus segregation, we investigated progeny of 10 Tormaria mother trees, derived from open pollination. Three to ten seedlings of each mother tree were cultivated, and six leaf characters were measured being indicative for subgenus Aria, Tormaria and Torminalis. For genetic characterization, we used three ISSR microsatellite markers and one chloroplast marker. The progeny of nine mother trees segregated; the S. aria genome prevailed in pollen clouds. One polyploid mother tree, however, produced partly clonal progeny and proved to be polyploid and facultative apomictic. This means that in Thuringian Tormaria polyploidization occurs at low rates starting from diploid hybrids. Exact comparisons between geno- and phenotypes of the progeny proved a frequent uncoupling between genetic markers and genes responsible for leaf morphology, pointing to excessive genomic rearrangement within Tormaria mother trees. Only 1/3 of Tormaria-genotypes possessed the Tormaria-phenotype. Most of them belong to S. aria and to S. aria forma incisa, a S. aria type with slightly incise leaves. This means that plasticity of parental species may be explained by excessive introgression between S. aria and S. torminalis.
Comparative genomic analysis of Halomonas campaniensis wild-type and ultraviolet radiation-mutated strains reveal genomic differences associated with increased ectoine production
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Li Yongzhen , Gao Xiang , Xing Jiangwa , Wang Rong , Zhu Derui , Shen Guoping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEctoine is a natural amino acid derivative and one of the most widely used compatible solutes produced by Halomonas species that affects both cellular growth and osmotic equilibrium. The positive effects of UV mutagenesis on both biomass and ectoine content production in ectoine-producing strains have yet to be reported. In this study, the wild-type H. campaniensis strain XH26 (CCTCCM2019776) was subjected to UV mutagenesis to increase ectoine production. Eight rounds of mutagenesis were used to generate mutated XH26 strains with different UV-irradiation exposure times. Ectoine extract concentrations were then evaluated among all strains using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, alongside whole genome sequencing with the PacBio RS II platform and comparison of the wild-type strain XH26 and the mutant strain G8-52 genomes. The mutant strain G8-52 (CCTCCM2019777) exhibited the highest cell growth rate and ectoine yields among mutated strains in comparison with strain XH26. Further, ectoine levels in the aforementioned strain significantly increased to 1.51 ± 0.01 g L−1 (0.65 g g−1 of cell dry weight), representing a twofold increase compared to wild-type cells (0.51 ± 0.01 g L−1) when grown in culture medium for ectoine accumulation. Concomitantly, electron microscopy revealed that mutated strain G8-52 cells were obviously shorter than wild-type strain XH26 cells. Moreover, strain G8-52 produced a relatively stable ectoine yield (1.50 g L−1) after 40 days of continuous subculture. Comparative genomics analysis suggested that strain XH26 harbored 24 mutations, including 10 nucleotide insertions, 10 nucleotide deletions, and unique single nucleotide polymorphisms. Notably, the genes orf00723 and orf02403 (lipA) of the wild-type strain mutated to davT and gabD in strain G8-52 that encoded for 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase and NAD-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. Consequently, these genes may be involved in increased ectoine yields. These results suggest that continuous multiple rounds of UV mutation represent a successful strategy for increasing ectoine production, and that the mutant strain G8-52 is suitable for large-scale fermentation applications.
An Advanced Quaternary Composite for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Sha Mizaj Shabil , N.Musthafa Farzana , Alejli Assem , Alahmad Johaina Khalid , Bhattacharyya Bagmita , Kumar Bijandra , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is a promising pathway for effective hydrogen (H2) evolution in energy conversion and storage, with electrocatalysis playing a key role. Developing efficient, cost-effective and stable catalysts or electrocatalysts is critical for hydrogen evolution from water splitting. Herein, we evaluated a graphene-modified nanoparticle catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrocatalytic H2 production rate of reduced graphene oxide-titanium oxide-nickel oxide-zinc oxide (rGO–TiO2–NiO–ZnO) is high and exceeds that obtained on components alone. This improvement is due to the presence of rGO as an electron collector and transporter. Moreover, a current density of 10 mA/cm2 was recorded at a reduced working potential of 365 mV for the nanocomposite. The electronic coupling effect between the nanoparticle components at the interface causes the nanoparticle's hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity.
Graphical Abstract
Vapor Equilibrium Data for the Binary Mixtures of Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate in Compressed Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Jethwa Shiva J. , Román-Ramírez Luis A. , Anderson Paul A. , Leeke Gary A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Phase equilibrium data ($$p$$
p
, $$T$$
T
, $$y$$
y
) for the binary systems of carbon dioxide + dimethyl carbonate and carbon dioxide + ethyl methyl carbonate were obtained. All systems were measured for isotherms ranging from 298.2 K to 328.2 K with pressure ranging between 0.13 MPa and 10.6 MPa. A static equilibrium technique was established with samples quantified using an offline method. The results were modeled using the Peng–Robinson equation of state with van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules.

Graphical Abstract
Model-Based Parametric Study of Surface-Breaking Defect Characterization Using Half-Skip Total Focusing Method
Authors: Lei Xiangyu , Wirdelius Håkan , Carlson Johan E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the demand of structural integrity in manufacturing industries is increasing, the ultrasonic array technique has drawn more attention thanks to its inspection flexibility and versatility. By taking advantage of the possibility of individual triggering of each array element, full matrix capture (FMC) data acquisition strategy has been developed that contains the entire information of an inspection scenario. Total focusing method (TFM) as one of the ultrasonic imaging algorithms, is preferably applied to FMC dataset since it uses all information in FMC to synthetically focus the sound energy at every image pixel in the region of interest. Half-skip TFM (HSTFM) is proposed in multi-mode TFM imaging that involves a backwall reflection wave path, so that the defect profile could be reconstructed for accurate defect characterization. In this paper, a method involving Snell’s law-based wave mode conversion is proposed to account for more reasonable wave propagation time when wave mode conversion happens at backwall reflection in HSTFM. A series of model based simulations (in software simSUNDT) are performed for parametric studies, with the intention of investigating the capability of defect characterization using HSTFM with varying tilt angle and relative position of surface-breaking notch to array probe. The results show that certain TFM modes could help with defect characterization, but the effectiveness is limited with varying defect features. It is inappropriate to address a certain mode for all characterization perspectives but rather a combination, i.e., multi-mode TFM, should be adopted for possible interpretation and characterization of defect features.
The Role of A Priori Belief in the Design and Analysis of Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems
Authors: Cignarale Giorgio , Schmid Ulrich , Tahko Tuomas , Kuznets Roman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe debate around the notions of a priori knowledge and a posteriori knowledge has proven crucial for the development of many fields in philosophy, such as metaphysics, epistemology, metametaphysics etc. We advocate that the recent debate on the two notions is also fruitful for man-made distributed computing systems and for the epistemic analysis thereof. Following a recently proposed modal and fallibilistic account of a priori knowledge, we elaborate the corresponding concept of a priori belief: We propose a rich taxonomy of types of a priori beliefs and their role for the different agents that participate in the system engineering process, which match the existing view exceedingly well and are particularly promising for explaining and dealing with unexpected behaviors in fault-tolerant distributed systems. Developing such a philosophical foundation will provide a sound basis for eventually implementing our ideas in a suitable epistemic reasoning and analysis framework and, hence, constitutes a mandatory first step for developing methods and tools to cope with the various challenges that emerge in such systems.