bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Data: Powered Mobility Intervention With Language Monitoring for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nesbitt Claire Cramer , Pace Amy , Feldner Heather A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Adapted ride-on cars offer an affordable mobility intervention that provides broader access to a child's environment. Such newfound independence is a unique opportunity to examine changes in environmental language and communicative participation as children acquire mobility. New technologies such as the Language Environmental Analysis (LENA) system hold promise for evaluating naturalistic language interactions but have not yet been applied to children with cerebral palsy with physical and/or communication impairments. This study sought to use LENA with a sample of children with cerebral palsy to determine the feasibility of monitoring environmental language patterns during longitudinal mobility intervention.

Method:
LENA's adult word counts, conversational turns, and child vocalizations were compared across three time points for participants aged 16–49 months with a range of communication skills (indexed by Communication Function Classification System Levels I–IV).

Results:
Feasibility was established with acceptable criterion validity during active drive time. Results had large effect sizes, likely diluted by sample size and heterogeneity.

Conclusions:
Limitations include small sample size, nonprescriptive use of powered mobility devices, and lack of control group. Future studies should incorporate these features to more closely examine communication patterns.
A bytecode‐based integrated detection and repair method for reentrancy vulnerabilities in smart contracts
Authors: Feng Zijun , Feng Yuming , He Hui , Zhang Weizhe , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe reentrancy vulnerability in smart contracts has caused significant losses in the digital currency economy. Existing solutions for detecting and repairing this vulnerability are limited in scope and lack a comprehensive framework. Additionally, there is currently a lack of guidance methods for effectively pinpointing the location of vulnerabilities. The proposed bytecode‐level method addresses these challenges by incorporating a detection module, an auxiliary localization module, and a repair module. An opcode classification method is introduced using vulnerability features and a BiLSTM‐Attention‐based sequence model to enhance detection accuracy. To overcome difficulties in vulnerability localization, an auxiliary localization method based on data flow and control flow analysis is proposed, enabling developers to better locate vulnerabilities. Current reentrancy vulnerability repair methods are analyzed and strategies for three reachable patterns are proposed. The bytecode rewriting strategy utilizes Trampoline technology for repair, while a fuel optimization method reduces bytecode generation length to optimize gas costs. Through extensive experimental validation, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods are confirmed, further validating the feasibility of the entire framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework offers enhanced protection against reentrancy vulnerability attacks in smart contracts.
Event‐triggered cooperative control for moving target encirclement and tracking with time‐varying pattern by UAV formation
Authors: Jia Jiangbo , Chen Xin , Wang Weizhen , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates an event‐triggered cooperative control policy of moving‐target encirclement and tracking with time‐varying radius commands for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation. Different from the existing works, this study takes into account the relative motion model between the UAVs and the target in order to design a guidance law specifically tailored for moving‐target encirclement and tracking. Additionally, a time‐varying radius command is introduced, allowing the radius of the circular orbit formed by the UAVs around the target to adjust according to the commands. This flexibility and adaptability enhance the UAV formation's performance in complex work scenes and unstructured geometric spaces. To address the concerns of communication and computing costs associated with time‐triggered guidance laws, an event‐triggered method is proposed for dynamic target encirclement and tracking, eliminating the occurrence of Zeno behaviour. The stability of the proposed guidance laws is mathematically proven using the interconnected systems lemma. Finally, the effectiveness of the controllers is verified by some simulations.
A sub‐6GHz wideband low noise amplifier with high gain and low noise figure in 110‐nm SOI CMOS
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Li Zhiqun , Xu Tong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a sub‐6 GHz wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) based on a double L‐type load network and utilizes the negative feedback technique. Using the cascode structure, along with the aforementioned techniques, it is possible to achieve a single‐stage wideband LNA with high gain and low noise figure (NF). Fabricated in 110‐nm SOI CMOS technology, the proposed LNA achieves a maximum power gain of 15.2 dB, noise figure of 1.0–1.56 dB. The 3‐dB bandwidth ranges from 3.05 to 4.55 GHz. The minimum power input at 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) is −17.1 dBm. The LNA area is 0.18 mm2 and dissipates a total power of 11.5 mW from a 1.4‐V power supply.
Carbon nanotubes and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets co‐filled ethylene propylene diene monomer composites: Improved electrical property for cable accessory applications
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Xu Huiduo , Dai Chuanxian , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Yongquan , Chi Qingguo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRubber‐based composites based on ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) with excellent non‐linear electrical conductivity are preferred to serve as reinforced insulation in cable accessories, which can self‐adaptively regulate electric field distribution and avoid electric field concentration due to the non‐linear conductivity. The conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT) are filled into EPDM to improve the non‐linear conductivity, while the insulating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h‐BN) are used to reconcile the electric breakdown strength. The results show that with the increase of CNT loading content, the non‐linear conductivity of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites becomes more prominent, accompanying the decrease of threshold field strength and increase of non‐linear coefficient. However, the electric breakdown strength of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites seriously deteriorates due to the increase of CNT content and temperature. By incorporating 10 wt.% h‐BN into the composites, the reduction percentage of breakdown strength can be significantly lowered, which is 19.95% of neat EPDM and 13.74% of CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composites at 70°C, respectively. The COMSOL Multiphysics simulation results demonstrate that using the CNT/h‐BN/EPDM composite as the reinforced insulation can eliminate the electric field concentration of the cable accessory as well as enable the cable accessory with good lightning shock resistance.
A robust and clinically applicable deep learning model for early detection of Alzheimer's
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Islam Md Manowarul , Talukder Md. Alamin , Uddin Md Ashraf , Aryal Sunil , Alotaibi Naif , Alyami Salem A. , Hasan Khondokar Fida , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease, often known as dementia, is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible memory loss by destroying brain cells. People die because there is no specific treatment for this disease. Alzheimer's is most common among seniors 65 years and older. However, the progress of this disease can be reduced if it can be diagnosed earlier. Recently, artificial intelligence has instilled hope in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by performing sophisticated analyses on extensive patient datasets, enabling the identification of subtle patterns that may elude human experts. Researchers have investigated various deep learning and machine learning models to diagnose this disease at an early stage using image datasets. In this paper, a new Deep learning (DL) methodology is proposed, where MRI images are fed into the model after applying various pre‐processing techniques. The proposed Alzheimer's disease detection approach adopts transfer learning for multi‐class classification using brain MRIs. The MRI Images are classified into four categories: mild dementia (MD), moderate dementia (MOD), very mild dementia (VMD), and non‐dementia (ND). The model is implemented and extensive performance analysis is performed. The finding shows that the model obtains 97.31% accuracy. The model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐score.
Enhanced quadratic DC–DC boost converters with super‐wide voltage gain ranges and ultra‐low voltage stress for renewable energy systems
Authors: Miao Shan , Luo Xinyuan , Liu Wei , Jin Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the promising and ideal clean energies, wind and solar energy systems are in desperate need of high‐performance DC–DC converters to realize efficient and reliable energy transformation. Conventional DC–DC converters for renewable energy systems will work at extreme duty cycles and affect the system efficiency and reliability owing to their limited voltage gains and high‐voltage stress. In this paper, by adopting the hybrid voltage multiplier cells, two enhanced quadratic boost converters (EQBCs) which are highly desirable for renewable energy applications are proposed and analyzed. The EQBCs possess super‐wide voltage gain ranges and ultra‐low voltage stress; therefore, small duty cycle conditions can be achieved and components with low‐rated voltages can be chosen to decrease system volumes and increase system efficiencies. Besides, the EQBCs possess continuous input currents, which can realize small input current ripples and avoid the serious effect of pulsating current on the input sources. What's more, stable output voltages and simple controller circuits are realized by the EQBCs because of the common grounded structures of the input terminal, the single active switch and the output terminal. Detailed principle analyses, parameter designs, performance comparisons and experimental prototypes are conducted to verify the characteristics and feasibilities of the EQBCs.
Evolution of Chemistry in the envelope of HOt corinoS (ECHOS)
Authors: Esplugues G. , Rodríguez-Baras M. , San Andrés D. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Fuente A. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Spezzano S. , Caselli P. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Within the project Evolution of Chemistry in the envelope of HOt corinoS (ECHOS), we present a study of sulphur chemistry in the envelope of the Class 0 source B 335 through observations in the spectral range λ = 7, 3, and 2 mm.
Aims. Our goal is to characterise the sulphur chemistry in this isolated protostellar source and compare it with other Class 0 objects to determine the environmental and evolutionary effects on the sulphur chemistry in these young sources.
Methods. We have modelled observations and computed column densities assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium and large velocity gradient approximation. We have also used the code Nautilus to study the time evolution of sulphur species, as well as of several sulphur molecular ratios.
Results. We have detected 20 sulphur species in B 335 with a total gas-phase S abundance similar to that found in the envelopes of other Class 0 objects, but with significant differences in the abundances between sulphur carbon chains and sulphur molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen. Our results highlight the nature of B 335 as a source especially rich in sulphur carbon chains unlike other Class 0 sources. The low presence or absence of some molecules, such as SO and SO+, suggests a chemistry not particularly influenced by shocks. We, however, detect a large presence of HCS+ that, together with the low rotational temperatures obtained for all the S species (<15 K), reveals the moderate or low density of the envelope of B 335. Model results also show the large influence of the cosmic ray ionisation rate and density variations on the abundances of some S species (e.g. SO, SO2, CCS, and CCCS) with differences of up to ~4 orders of magnitude. We also find that observations are better reproduced by models with a sulphur depletion factor of 10 with respect to the sulphur cosmic elemental abundance.
Conclusions. The comparison between our model and observational results for B 335 reveals an age of 104 < t < 105 yr, which high-lights the particularly early evolutionary stage of this source. B 335 presents a different chemistry compared to other young protostars that have formed in dense molecular clouds, which could be the result of accretion of surrounding material from the diffuse cloud onto the protostellar envelope of B 335. In addition, the theoretical analysis and comparison with observations of the SO2/C2S, SO/CS, and HCS+/CS ratios within a sample of prestellar cores and Class 0 objects show that they could be used as good chemical evolutionary indicators of the prestellar to protostellar transition.
Wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping of intermediate-redshift quasars HE 0413-4031 and HE 0435-4312: Dissecting Mg II, optical Fe II, and UV Fe II emission regions
Authors: Prince Raj , Zajaček Michal , Panda Swayamtrupta , Hryniewicz Krzysztof , Kumar Jaiswal Vikram , Czerny Bożena , Trzcionkowski Piotr , Bronikowski Mateusz , Rałowski Mateusz , Sobrino Figaredo Catalina , Loli Martinez-Aldama Mary , Śniegowska Marzena , Średzińska Justyna , Bilicki Maciej , Naddaf Mohammad-Hassan , Pandey Ashwani , Haas Martin , Jacek Sarna Marek , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Karas Vladimir , Olejak Aleksandra , Przyłuski Robert , Sefako Ramotholo R. , Genade Anja , Worters Hannah L. , Kozłowski Szymon , Udalski Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

Context. We present the wavelength-resolved reverberation mapping (RM) of combined Mg II and UV Fe II broad-line emissions for two intermediate-redshift (z ∼ 1), luminous quasars, HE 0413-4031 and HE 0435-4312, monitored by the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) and 1m class telescopes between 2012 and 2022.
Aims. Using a wavelength-resolved technique, we aim to disentangle the Mg II and Fe II emission regions and to build a radius–luminosity (R–L) relation for UV Fe II emission, which has so far remained unconstrained.
Methods. We applied several time-delay methodologies to constrain the time delays for total Mg II and Fe II emissions. In addition, wavelength-resolved RM is performed to quantify the inflow or outflow of broad-line region (BLR) gas around the supermassive black hole and to disentangle the emission and the emitting regions based on lines produced in proximity to each other.
Results. The mean total FeII time delay is nearly equal to the mean total MgII time delay for HE 0435-4312, suggesting the co-spatiality of their emission regions. However, in HE 0413-4031, the mean FeII time delay is found to be longer than the mean MgII time delay, suggesting that FeII emission is produced at greater distances from the black hole. The UV FeII R–L relation is updated with these two quasars (now four in total) and compared with the optical FeII relation (20 sources), which suggests that the optical FeII emission region is located further than the UV FeII region by a factor of 1.7–1.9, that is, RFeII-opt ∼ (1.7 − 1.9)RFeII-UV.
Conclusion. Wavelength-resolved reverberation is an efficient way to constrain the geometry and structure of the BLR. We detected a weak pattern in the time delay versus wavelength relation, suggesting that the MgII broad line originates from a region slightly closer to the SMBH than the UV FeII pseudo continuum, although the difference is not very significant. Comparison of MgII, UV, and optical FeII R–L relations suggests that the difference may be greater for lower-luminosity sources, possibly with the MgII emission originating further from the SMBH. In the future, more RM data will be acquired, allowing better constraints on these trends, in particular the UV FeII R–L relation.
Neural network-based emulation of interstellar medium models
Authors: Palud Pierre , Einig Lucas , Le Petit Franck , Bron Émeric , Chainais Pierre , Chanussot Jocelyn , Pety Jérôme , Thouvenin Pierre-Antoine , Languignon David , Bešlić Ivana , Santa-Maria Miriam G. , Orkisz Jan H. , Ségal Léontine E. , Zakardjian Antoine , Bardeau Sébastien , Gerin Maryvonne , Goicoechea Javier R. , Gratier Pierre , Guzman Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Levrier François , Liszt Harvey S. , Le Bourlot Jacques , Roueff Antoine , Sievers Albrecht 
Published: September 2023

Context.The interpretation of observations of atomic and molecular tracers in the galactic and extragalactic interstellar medium (ISM) requires comparisons with state-of-the-art astrophysical models to infer some physical conditions. Usually, ISM models are too timeconsuming for such inference procedures, as they call for numerous model evaluations. As a result, they are often replaced by an interpolation of a grid of precomputed models.Aims.We propose a new general method to derive faster, lighter, and more accurate approximations of the model from a grid of precomputed models for use in inference procedures.Methods.These emulators are defined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) with adapted architectures and are fitted using regression strategies instead of interpolation methods. The specificities inherent in ISM models need to be addressed to design and train adequate ANNs. Indeed, such models often predict numerous observables (e.g., line intensities) from just a few input physical parameters and can yield outliers due to numerical instabilities or physical bistabilities and multistabilities. We propose applying five strategies to address these characteristics: (1) an outlier removal procedure; (2) a clustering method that yields homogeneous subsets of lines that are simpler to predict with different ANNs; (3) a dimension reduction technique that enables us to adequately size the network architecture; (4) the physical inputs are augmented with a polynomial transform to ease the learning of nonlinearities; and (5) a dense architecture to ease the learning of simpler relations between line intensities and physical parameters.Results.We compare the proposed ANNs with four standard classes of interpolation methods, nearest-neighbor, linear, spline, and radial basis function (RBF), to emulate a representative ISM numerical model known as the Meudon PDR code. Combinations of the proposed strategies produce networks that outperform all interpolation methods in terms of accuracy by a factor of 2 in terms of the average error (reaching 4.5% on the Meudon PDR code) and a factor of 3 for the worst-case errors (33%). These networks are also 1000 times faster than accurate interpolation methods and require ten to forty times less memory.Conclusions.This work will enable efficient inferences on wide-field multiline observations of the ISM.
Multiple stellar populations found outside the tidal radius of NGC 1851 via Gaia DR3 XP spectra
Authors: Cordoni Giacomo , Marino Anna F. , Milone Antonino P. , Dondoglio Emanuele , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Legnardi Maria Vittoria , Mohandasan Anjana , Jang Sohee , Ziliotto Tuila 
Published: September 2023

Aims. Ancient galactic globular clusters (GCs) have long fascinated astronomers due to their intriguing multiple stellar populations (MPs), which are characterized by variations in light element abundances. Among these clusters, type II GCs stand out as they exhibit stars with large differences in heavy-element chemical abundances. These enigmatic clusters, comprising approximately 17% of analyzed GCs with MPs, have been hypothesized to be the remnants of accreted dwarf galaxies.
Methods. We focus on one of the most debated type II GCs, namely, NGC 1851, to investigate its MPs across a wide spatial range of up to 50 arcmin from the cluster center. By using Gaia Data Release 3 low-resolution XP spectra, we generated synthetic photometry to perform a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and kinematics of the canonical and anomalous populations within this GC. By using appropriate color-magnitude diagrams from the synthetic photometry in the BVI bands and in the f41525 band introduced in this work, we identified distinct stellar sequences associated with different heavy-element chemical compositions.
Results. Our results suggest that the canonical and the anomalous populations reside both inside and outside the tidal radius of NGC 1851, up to a distance that exceeds its tidal radius 3.5 times. However, about 80% of stars outside the tidal radius are consistent with characteristics that class them among the canonical population, emphasizing its dominance in the cluster’s outer regions. Remarkably, canonical stars exhibit a more circular on-sky morphology, while the anomalous population displays an elliptical shape. Furthermore, we delve into the kinematics of the multiple populations, examining velocity dispersions, rotation patterns, and potential substructures. Our results reveal a flat or increasing velocity dispersion profile in the outer regions. Additionally, we observe hints of a tangentially anisotropic motion in the outer regions, indicating a preference for stars to escape on radial orbits. Our work demonstrates the capability of synthetic photometry, based on Gaia spectra, to explore multiple populations across the entire cluster field.