bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary History of thePoecilia pictaSex Chromosomes
Authors: Fong Lydia J M , Darolti Iulia , Metzger David C H , Morris Jake , Lin Yuying , Sandkam Benjamin A , Mank Judith E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe degree of divergence between the sex chromosomes is not always proportional to their age. In poeciliids, four closely related species all exhibit a male heterogametic sex chromosome system on the same linkage group, yet show a remarkable diversity in X and Y divergence. In Poecilia reticulata and P. wingei, the sex chromosomes remain homomorphic, yet P. picta and P. parae have a highly degraded Y chromosome. To test alternative theories about the origin of their sex chromosomes, we used a combination of pedigrees and RNA-seq data from P. picta families in conjunction with DNA-seq data collected from P. reticulata, P. wingei, P. parae, and P. picta. Phylogenetic clustering analysis of X and Y orthologs, identified through segregation patterns, and their orthologous sequences in closely related species demonstrates a similar time of origin for both the P. picta and P. reticulata sex chromosomes. We next used k-mer analysis to identify shared ancestral Y sequence across all four species, suggesting a single origin to the sex chromosome system in this group. Together, our results provide key insights into the origin and evolution of the poeciliid Y chromosome and illustrate that the rate of sex chromosome divergence is often highly heterogenous, even over relatively short evolutionary time frames.
Least-squares collocation: a spherical harmonic representer theorem
Authors: Chang Guobin , Bian Shaofeng 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYThe functional analysis of the least-squares collocation (LSC) for gravity potential modelling using m measurements is revisited starting from an explicit spherical harmonic expansion. A spherical harmonic representer theorem (SHRT) is given: the model of the potential is a linear combination of m kernels or covariances. This theorem is independent of the specific forms of the data-fitting loss and the regularizer, showing that it is a stronger result than the LSC theory. The corresponding reproducing kernel Hilbert space is explicitly specified. When the least-squares data-fitting loss and the quadratic regularizer are employed, the SHRT gives exactly the LSC method for variable prediction. The nominal prediction precision assessment of the SHRT and that of the LSC are also explicitly compared; this contributes to the unification of the deterministic and stochastic analyses of the LSC theory.
Source characteristics of icequakes caused by surface crevasses on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tianshan, China
Authors: Ma Haichao , Chu Risheng , Sheng Minhan , Wei Zigen , Zeng Xiangfang , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYIcequakes associated with crevassing provide key information on stress fields and water flow pathways inside glaciers, conditions which are sensitive to temperature and precipitation. In this study, we analyse seismic data from 321 days recorded by five broad-band seismometers on Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tianshan, China, to investigate the source characteristics of icequakes. We first apply a multidimensional autoregressive maximum-likelihood algorithm to detect 12 template events from 62 days of continuous waveform data. The centroid locations of the 12 template events are located using a grid-search approach. We then obtain a catalogue of 41 895 icequakes by compiling all seismic data through a template-matching method. The local magnitudes of all icequakes range between −3.3 and 0.5, with a completeness magnitude of −2.95 and Gutenberg–Richter b-value of 1.08. The particle motion and frequency contents of the 12 template events show that the dominant phases on the vertical component are Rayleigh waves at 5–40 Hz, suggesting that these icequakes were generated by near-surface crevasses. The average daily icequake number for each month and diurnal icequake variations show clear seasonal features. The icequakes may be related to growth of the surface crevasses due to additional melting water and precipitation in summer and to the thermal contraction of the ice body in winter.
Partitioning a rock mass based on electrical resistivity data: the choice of clustering method
Authors: Lharti Habiba , Sirieix Colette , Riss Joëlle , Verdet Cécile , Salmon Fabien , Lacanette Delphine 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARY
The goal of data classification is to organize them into relevant groups using algorithms. In this study, two clustering algorithms are applied to classify a set of geophysical measurements performed around the Lascaux Cave (Dordogne, France). Based on a non-destructive geophysical method, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), the data (resistivity values) are supposed to characterize the rock mass around the cave.
The rock mass must be divided into an optimal number of homogeneous domains with specific thermal properties to integrate them in the future thermo-aeraulic simulations of the cave. Since the data are georeferenced, a given resistivity cluster corresponds to a specific spatial domain of the rock mass.
This study aims to compare two different clustering methods, the Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) and the K-means methods, on the resistivity data set. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine which of the two methods leads to a partition of the massif with an optimal number of classes, allowing us to find the geological structures partially known thanks to previous studies. The results of these methods are analyzed in light of two different indices, the Silhouette Index (SI) and the Coefficient of Variation (CV). Based on these indices alone, K-means might seem to be the best algorithm, but a fine analysis of each cluster shows that the HAC method gives better results. Indeed, only the HAC method highlights areas already known to be either waterlogged or clayey. Our partial geological knowledge, which is of paramount importance in such a study, also supports the choice of the HAC method.
Unfair Commercial Practices and Individual Consumer Claims for Damages – The Transposition of Art. 11a UCP Directive in Germany and Austria
Authors: Alexander Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Article 11a(1) UCP Directive obliges the Member States to provide individual rights for consumers harmed by unfair commercial practices. This new provision is intended to ensure that consumers have access to proportionate and effective remedies, including compensation for damage suffered and, where relevant, a price reduction or the termination of the contract. Although the laws against unfair competition in Germany and Austria have similar basic structures, the transposition of Art. 11a(1) UCP Directive shows some significant differences in the way national law provides individual protection for consumers. The legal systems in Germany and Austria are confronted with challenges both in the correct transposition of Art. 11a(1) UCP Directive and the incorporation of individual consumer claims for damages into the structures of domestic law. This article intends both to give a first overview and also to attempt to answer some of the open questions.
Factors contributing to school food program acceptance: a Review of Canadian literature
Authors: Everitt Tracy , Ward Stephanie , Martin Wanda , Engler-Stringer Rachel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiet quality and food security are a concern in school-aged children in Canada. In 2019, the Canadian federal government announced the intention to work towards a national school food program. Understanding the factors that impact school food program acceptability can inform planning to ensure that students are willing to participate. A scoping review of school food programs in Canada completed in 2019 identified 17 peer-reviewed and 18 grey literature publications. Of these, five peer-reviewed and nine grey literature publications included a discussion of factors that impact the acceptance of school food programs. These factors were thematically analyzed into categories: stigmatization, communication, food choice and cultural considerations, administration, location and timing, and social considerations. Considering these factors while planning can help to maximize program acceptability.
Physical activity as an investment or consumption good—a mixed methods approach
Authors: Kuvaja-Köllner Virpi , Laulainen Sanna , Kautonen Juuso , Valtonen Hannu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudying individuals’ motivation to engage in physical activity raises the question of whether physical activity is a consumption good (enjoyment) or an investment good (a health investment). The aims of the study were: (i) What kind of motivational background is it possible to identify for different forms of physical activity among adults, and (ii) Is there an association between different motivational factors and the form and amount of physical activity among adults. A mixed methods approach was applied using interviews (n = 20) and a questionnaire (n = 156). The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The quantitative data were analysed using factor and regression analysis. Among the interviewees, different types of motivation were found: ‘enjoyment’, ‘health reasons’ and ‘mixed motivations’, and from the quantitative data: (i) mixed motivation, a combination of enjoyment and investment, (ii) dislike of physical activity, (iii) social, (iv) goal focused, (v) appearance focused and (vi) exercising only within the comfort zone. Mixed-motivational background, with both enjoyment and investment in health, increased weekly physical activity hours significantly (β = 1.733; p = 0.001). Personal appearance-based motivation increased weekly muscle training (β = 0.540; p = 0.000) and brisk physical activity hours (β = 0651; p = 0.014). Conducting such physical activity which provides enjoyment during the performance of the activity, increased weekly balance-focused exercise hours (β = 0.224; p = 0.034). People have different kind of motivational backgrounds for engaging in physical activity. Mixed motivational background, including enjoyment and investment in health, yielded more physical activity in hours than if the person had only one of these motivations.
Association between Loneliness, Mental Health Symptoms, and Treatment Use among Emerging Adults
Authors: Bessaha Melissa , Mushonga Dawnsha , Fedina Lisa , DeVylder Jordan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Loneliness research has focused primarily on older adult populations. There is limited research on how loneliness and social support impact young people’s mental health and mental health services use. This article reports an assessment of whether loneliness and social support are associated with mental health services use and mental health symptoms (psychological distress and suicidal ideation) among emerging adults. A subsample of emerging adults ages 18 to 29 (N = 307) was drawn from the 2017 Survey of Police-Public Encounters, a cross-sectional, general population survey administered to residents of New York City and Baltimore. Ordinary least squares and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to model associations between loneliness and mental health symptoms and services use outcomes. Emerging adults with higher levels of loneliness reported higher levels of distress and suicidal ideation. Having more social support, experiencing higher levels of distress, and suicidal ideation were associated with increased odds for using services. First-generation American emerging adults and Black emerging adults were less likely to use services than their U.S.-born and non-Black counterparts. The significant impact of loneliness on mental health symptoms and the effect of social support on service use highlight the importance of developing interventions to prevent and reduce loneliness over the life course.
What Do Newsjunkies Consume and What Do They Know? Two Studies on Intrinsic Need For Orientation, News Diets, and Political Knowledge
Authors: Martin Justin D , Sharma Krishna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent research on the newsjunkie trait—intrinsic need for orientation (INFO)—has not yet examined specific kinds of information newsjunkies consume or whether the newsjunkie characteristic predicts outcomes like political knowledge. Study 1 surveyed U.S. adults’ (N = 2,059) INFO, hard news consumption, soft news consumption, use of partisan outlets FOX News, and MSNBC, and use of less-partisan outlets like BBC and NBC. The newsjunkie trait was one of the strongest predictors of hard news consumption (like news about foreign affairs and the economy), after controlling for numerous factors, and it did not predict soft news consumption (news about entertainment, sports, etc.). The newsjunkie trait was positively associated with the use of both partisan and less-partisan outlets. Study 2 examined U.S. adults’ (N = 1,054) INFO and political knowledge while holding constant most of the variables controlled for in Study 1. Despite some evidence from Study 1 that newsjunkies are sophisticated news consumers, INFO did not positively predict political knowledge; the strongest positive predictor of political knowledge was consuming political news, and the only other significant news use correlate was the use of FOX News, which was negatively associated with political knowledge. Implications for research on the intrinsic need for orientation, news use, and political outcomes are discussed.
Vaccination Ameliorates Cellular Inflammatory Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections
Authors: Huapaya Julio A , Higgins Jeanette , Kanth Shreya , Demirkale Cumhur Y , Gairhe Salina , Aboye Etsubdink A , Regenold David , Sahagun Seynt Jiro , Pastor Gloria , Swaim Doris , Dewar Robin , Rehman Tauseef , Highbarger Helene C , Lallemand Perrine , Laverdure Sylvain , Adelsberger Joseph , Rupert Adam , Li Willy , Krack Janell , Teferi Gebeyehu , Kuruppu Janaki , Strich Jeffrey R , Davey Richard , Childs Richard , Chertow Daniel , Kovacs Joseph A , Barnett Christopher , Torabi-Parizi Parizad , Suffredini Anthony F ,   the COVID-ARC Study Group, Purdy Julia , Chairez Cheryl , McClaughlin Mary , Dee Nicola , Curl Kara A , Caldararo Rocco , Rehm Catherine , Santamaria Ulisses , Giles Natalie , Fallouh Nabil , DeVille Michelle , Moriarity Theresa , Pouomogne Diane Boyom , Gonzales Melissa , Shenoy Aarthi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Data on cellular immune responses in persons with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection following vaccination are limited. The evaluation of these patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections may provide insight into how vaccinations limit the escalation of deleterious host inflammatory responses.

Methods
We conducted a prospective study of peripheral blood cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in 21 vaccinated patients, all with mild disease, and 97 unvaccinated patients stratified based on disease severity.

Results
We enrolled 118 persons (aged 50 years [SD 14.5 years], 52 women) with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Compared to unvaccinated patients, vaccinated patients with breakthrough infections had a higher percentage of antigen-presenting monocytes (HLA-DR+), mature monocytes (CD83+), functionally competent T cells (CD127+), and mature neutrophils (CD10+); and lower percentages of activated T cells (CD38+), activated neutrophils (CD64+), and immature B cells (CD127+CD19+). These differences widened with increased disease severity in unvaccinated patients. Longitudinal analysis showed that cellular activation decreased over time but persisted in unvaccinated patients with mild disease at 8-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections exhibit cellular immune responses that limit the progression of inflammatory responses and suggest mechanisms by which vaccination limits disease severity. These data may have implications for developing more effective vaccines and therapies.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04401449.
Analysis of Plasmablasts From Children With Kawasaki Disease Reveals Evidence of a Convergent Antibody Response to a Specific Protein Epitope
Authors: Rowley Anne H , Arrollo David , Shulman Stanford T , Torres Abigail , O’Brien Amornrat , Wylie Kristine , Kim Kwang-Youn A , Baker Susan C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a febrile illness of young childhood that can result in coronary artery aneurysms and death. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies resulted in a marked decrease in KD cases worldwide, supporting a transmissible respiratory agent as the cause. We previously reported a peptide epitope recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) derived from clonally expanded peripheral blood plasmablasts from 3 of 11 KD children, suggesting a common disease trigger in a subset of patients with KD.

Methods
We performed amino acid substitution scans to develop modified peptides with improved recognition by KD MAbs. We prepared additional MAbs from KD peripheral blood plasmablasts and assessed MAb characteristics that were associated with binding to the modified peptides.

Results
We report a modified peptide epitope that is recognized by 20 MAbs from 11 of 12 KD patients. These MAbs predominantly use heavy chain VH3-74; two-thirds of VH3-74 plasmablasts from these patients recognize the epitope. The MAbs were nonidentical between patients but share a common complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motif.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate a convergent VH3-74 plasmablast response to a specific protein antigen in children with KD, supporting one predominant causative agent in the etiopathogenesis of the illness.
Multi-trait ensemble genomic prediction and simulations of recurrent selection highlight importance of complex trait genetic architecture for long-term genetic gains in wheat
Authors: Fradgley Nick , Gardner Keith A , Bentley Alison R , Howell Phil , Mackay Ian J , Scott Michael F , Mott Richard , Cockram James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCereal crop breeders have achieved considerable genetic gain in genetically complex traits, such as grain yield, while maintaining genetic diversity. However, focus on selection for yield has negatively impacted other important traits. To better understand multi-trait selection within a breeding context, and how it might be optimized, we analysed genotypic and phenotypic data from a genetically diverse, 16-founder wheat multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross population. Compared to single-trait models, multi-trait ensemble genomic prediction models increased prediction accuracy for almost 90 % of traits, improving grain yield prediction accuracy by 3–52 %. For complex traits, non-parametric models (Random Forest) also outperformed simplified, additive models (LASSO), increasing grain yield prediction accuracy by 10–36 %. Simulations of recurrent genomic selection then showed that sustained greater forward prediction accuracy optimized long-term genetic gains. Simulations of selection on grain yield found indirect responses in related traits, involving optimized antagonistic trait relationships. We found multi-trait selection indices could effectively optimize undesirable relationships, such as the trade-off between grain yield and protein content, or combine traits of interest, such as yield and weed competitive ability. Simulations of phenotypic selection found that including Random Forest rather than LASSO genetic models, and multi-trait rather than single-trait models as the true genetic model accelerated and extended long-term genetic gain whilst maintaining genetic diversity. These results (i) suggest important roles of pleiotropy and epistasis in the wider context of wheat breeding programmes, and (ii) provide insights into mechanisms for continued genetic gain in a limited genepool and optimization of multiple traits for crop improvement.
File Search: A Contrast Between Beliefs and Behavior
Authors: Bergman Ofer , Sher Esther 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study sheds light on the disparities between file search beliefs and as opposed to file search behavior. Using a questionnaire (N = 110), we measured participants’ intuitive beliefs regarding query-based search usage and compared it to well-validated scientific findings. Our participants believed that search is the dominant retrieval strategy; search engine technology strongly increases search usage and will eventually eliminate folder navigation; and that young people search more than older ones. Contrary to these beliefs, research has shown that users prefer folder-based navigation, with search being used only as a last resort for a small minority of retrievals; search engine technology has little effect on search usage or folder organization; folder navigation has deep neuro-cognitive roots and there is a positive correlation between age and search percentage. We then discuss possible reasons for these contrasts and conclude that evidence-based personal information management education should be used to correct these baseless beliefs.
Intergenic region polymorphism analysis: a novel genotyping method forKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kong Nianqing , Shu Shenghuang , Zhang Cangyun , Li Chuyi , Luo Yongwen , Fang Shuying , Bi Shuilian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe ability to distinguish between Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is critical for outbreak investigations. A new typing method, intergenic region polymorphism analysis (IRPA), was developed, validated, and the discriminatory power was determined by comparison with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) in this study.Methods and resultsThis method is based on the idea that every IRPA locus (polymorphic fragment of intergenic regions present in one strain but not in other strains or different fragment sizes in other strains) could divide strains into different genotypes. A 9-loci IRPA scheme was designed to type 64 K. pneumoniae isolates. Five IRPA loci were identified that conferred the same level of discrimination as the 9-loci initially examined. Among these K. pneumoniae isolates, 7.81% (5/64), 6.25% (4/64), 4.96% (3/64), 9.38% (6/64), and 1.56% (1/64) were capsular serotypes K1, K2, K5, K20, and K54, respectively. The discriminatory power of the IRPA method was better than that of MLVA expressed in Simpson's index of diversity (SI) at 0.997 and 0.988, respectively. The congruent analysis of the IRPA method and MLVA showed moderate congruence between the two methods (AR = 0.378). The AW indicated that if IRPA data are availabl, one can accurately predict the MLVA cluster.ConclusionThe IRPA method was found to have higher discriminatory power than MLVA and allowed for simpler band profile interpretation. The IRPA method is a rapid, simple, and high-resolution technique for molecular typing of K. pneumoniae.