bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal variation in the growth of coral fragments of opportunity in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: implications for coral reef restoration
Authors: Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma Paola , Tortolero-Langarica J. J. Adolfo , Padilla-Guzmán Raúl , Kelly-Gutiérrez Liza Danielle , Cupul-Magaña Amílcar Leví 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Coral- reef communities are considered one of the most biodiverse, but also most threatened, marine ecosystems, and the accelerating loss of habitat over the past decades warrants active intervention.
Objective: The present study demonstrates the successful implementation of a low-impact restoration technique in three Central Mexican Pacific degraded coral communities, using a protocol based on natural fragmentation (“fragments of opportunity”) of the branching coral Pocillopora spp., considered the most abundant and primary carbonate-producing coral species of the Eastern Tropical Pacific.
Methods: The restoration program was implemented in two offshore and one inshore coraline areas. The relationships between seawater temperature and coral survival, growth, and attachment rate were assessed over one year, with 183 fragments monitored each month.
Results: The mean coral growth rate was 3.3 ± 0.1 mm mo-1, with annual growth rates in length and width of 39.9 ± 14.2 and 36.5 ± 19.5 mm yr-1, respectively. Self-attachment efficiency was 78 % and the survival rate was high (84 %). The growth rate differed significantly among reefs.
Conclusions: Upon monitoring directly fragmented corals over a year, growth rates were deemed high enough to merit active restoration in the region. However, our data show that structural and abiotic differences and seasonal variability must be considered overall in successful long-term coral community restoration initiatives in the eastern Pacific region.
Change in the composition of fauna associated with Pocillopora spp. (Scleractinia, Pocilloporidae) following transplantation
Authors: Chomitz Benjamin R. , Kleypas Joan Anne , Cortés Jorge , Alvarado Juan José 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Associated fauna comprises most of the diversity of a coral reef and performs ecological functions essential to the reef’s survival. Since Pocillopora corals harbor an important associated fauna, reef restoration efforts are underway in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, to preserve them.
Objective: To describe changes in cryptofauna and fish communities associated with Pocillopora colonies to better understand the succession of associated fauna following transplantation.
Methods: An experimental patch of 30 nursery-grown Pocillopora colonies and a control patch containing no colonies were monitored for 8 months following transplantation in Golfo Dulce. Cryptofauna within each colony and fish within each patch were observed using SCUBA to quantify temporal changes in the abundance, diversity, and community structure of the colonies.
Results: The abundance and diversity of cryptofauna increased throughout the experiment. Obligate symbiont decapods were the most abundant. The composition of the community of cryptofauna differed between periods with fish in the genus Scarus as the main contributor to any differences. The increase in abundance and diversity of cryptofauna and fish may reflect coral growth and the corresponding availability of space and environmental complexity in the experimental patch. The composition of the cryptofauna communities was generally consistent with other studies. However, a high density of decapod symbionts could suggest that without other Pocillopora colonies to move to, they may crowd together despite their aggressive tendencies.
Conclusions: Pocillopora colonies will experience an increase in symbionts that could positively contribute to the health and survival of the coral following transplantation.
Demographic and population response of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis (Scleractinia, Acroporidae) to fireworm corallivory
Authors: Santiago-Padua Paola , Velázquez-Alvarado Jeremy , López-Pérez Arelys Del Mar , Nevárez-Mélendez Julimar , Díaz-Druet Lemuel E. , Suleimán-Ramos Samuel E. , Mercado-Molina Alex E. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The fireworm Hermodice carunculata is a widespread polychaete that can prey upon many coral species. However, few studies have examined the effect of fireworm predation on coral demographics during non-outbreak periods.
Objective: To determine whether predation by H. carunculata compromised the growth, survival, and population performance of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis.
Methods: Nursery-reared coral fragments (n = 99) were fixed to the bottom of Punta Melones reef in the Island Municipality of Culebra, Puerto Rico. Predation activity and its demographic consequences on coral outplants were assessed from December 2020 to August 2022. Susceptibility to predation was compared between colonies collected directly from the reef and those originating from outside sources (e.g., coral nurseries). With the demographic data, simple size-based population matrix models were developed to 1) examine whether fireworm predation led to a significant decline in population growth rate (λ), 2) determine the demographic transition(s) that contribute the most to λ, and 3) determining the demographic transition(s) that accounted for differences in λ when comparing scenarios that considered either only predated colonies or both predated and non-predated outplants.
Results: Predation increased over time, being more frequently observed in the area with the highest topographic relief and on colonies foreign to the study site. Outplants that were partially consumed grew significantly slower than non-predated colonies; however, predation did not threaten their survival. The likelihood of being attacked by the fireworm increased with branching complexity. The estimated λ for a scenario considering only those predated colonies was 0.99, whereas, for a scenario where both predated and non-predated colonies were considered, λ was 0.91. Population growth, under both scenarios, was mainly influenced by the probability of a large colony surviving and remaining at the largest size.
Conclusions: Although predation can negatively impact coral growth, the relatively high survival rate of predated colonies compensates for the adverse effects. Since survival is the demographic transition that contributes most to population growth, it could be concluded that under a non-outbreak scenario, fireworm predation may not be the primary cause of A. cervicornis population decline.
Fundamental Investigations of Propagation through the Land–Air–Water Interface in a Controlled Littoral Environment
Authors: Swearingen Michelle E. , Taylor Oliver-Denzil S. , Lester Alanna , Stehno Abigail , White Michael J. , Woodley Christa M. , Urbanczyk Aaron C. , Taylor Mihan H. M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTInterpreting signals from mechanical waves that cross material media boundaries is challenging due to the historical development of instrumentation suitable to study waves in each distinct medium, leading to discrepancies in boundary and adjacent media descriptions and governing physics related to each media. Nowhere is this more significant than in littoral zones at the convergence of land–air–water (LAW) domains. In short, a comprehensive physics framework does not exist that can accurately predict how waveforms freely traverse these media boundaries resulting in a critical fundamental science knowledge gap that can correlate received waveforms to actual source generators. Furthermore, the preponderance of research has treated media boundaries as lossy reflectors rather than poor transmitters, resulting in a rudimentary understanding of wave transformation over subsurface inhomogeneities and boundaries. This article details the experimental component of a new transdisciplinary effort to characterize the full LAW wavefield within a littoral zone to overcome the mixed media challenges. The fusion of disciplines, including air and underwater acoustics, geophysics, and hydrology, aims to develop a full-wavefield description of coupled media in the environment. Beginning with a simplified scenario, the experimental design accommodates for measurements of wave transmission across land–water, air–water, and land–air boundaries in a controlled, constructed, and prototypical littoral zone. This article reviews the test site design, construction, and preliminary experimental results. The challenges of designing and implementing an experiment that explicitly observes signal propagation across the media boundaries without distorting the boundaries and includes sources and sensors in all three environments are discussed.
A study of antibody response to Covid-19 infection
Authors: Jain Swapnil , Diwan Ashish , Singh Ravendra , Julka Arti 
Published: May 2023

: The Coronavirus disease 2019 is a disease caused by the etiological agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was a newly identified β-coronavirus that had spread rapidly around the world, resulting in a very high number of infections and deaths, threatening public security, and placing a heavy burden on global healthcare systems and economy. The present study was done to study antibody response in COVID-19 infection.: The study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India after approval by ethics committee. The post COVID-19 cases attending respiratory medicine OPD were included in the study.: The present study was conducted in 122 patients. The mean age of the patients was 51.20±14.21 years, median age was 54.5 years, the minimum age was 14 years and the maximum age was 80 years, the most number of COVID-19 infection cases was in the elderly age group of more than 50 years. The severity of disease was seen in those above 50 years of age (57.3%) with p&#62;0.05. Among the severe cases mean age of the cases was 49±17 years, in moderate cases mean age 52±14 and among mild group of cases mean age was 51±15 years.In the present study there were 73.8% males and females were 26.2% Among COVID-19 cases who reported in the OPD the maximum that is 86 (&#62;70%) patients had moderately severe disease, while severe cases were only about 14 %. Mild cases were 15.6%.In the present study RT-PCR were negative in 36(29.5%) as against 86 (70.5%) were confirmed cases of COVID-19 and among positive cases 40 % cases became negative between 6-10 daysAmong severe disease cases mean SARS COV2 antibody 650.06±240.47 was significantly higher as compare to moderate cases 461.49±331.41 and mild cases 404.11±240.47.: India has the world’s largest vaccination program. COVID-19 antibodies estimation are important tests carried out to determine the response of the body against COVID-19 infection.Our results show a significant association between SARS COV2 antibody and the severity of disease.
Food allergen sensitivity in atopy
Authors: Manohar Midhun , Anuja R 
Published: May 2023

Atopic symptoms are a commonly encountered presentation the pulmonology, dermatology and medical outpatient visits. Identification and avoidance of the precipitating factors is important in the management of these patients. Clinical history usually doesn’t give a complete picture of the spectrum of allergen sensitivity. Skin prick Test is described as a safe technique in identifying some obscure precipitating factors that might be worsening the clinical scenario.This is a 6 month cross sectional study conducted in a research institute in central Kerala among 31 chronic urticaria patients during May to October 2022. Skin prick testing with 30 common food allergens was done.Among the 31 subjects studied 26 (83.87 %) had allergy to foods (90 % among males and 80 % among females). Dal Urud (35.35 %) was the found as the most frequent food allergen, followed by pea (25.8 %), fish, rice and wheat (22.7%). Dal Arhar, Milk and fennel seeds were found to be the least common food allergens.Apart from minor itching and redness, none of the subjects developed significant reactions following the test.This study underlines the importance and safety of skin prick testing in patients with chronic uricaria. In this study it was found that more commonly used foods in Kerala like rice, dal urud were more sensitive.
Comparative evaluation of marginal microleakage of various restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry – An in-vitro stereomicroscopic study
Authors: Iftikhar Nahid , Dixit Shalini , Salman Ali , Do Minh Tuan 
Published: May 2023

The longevity of restorative materials depends on the resistance to masticatory forces. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the microleakage properties of different restorative materials. A total of 30 specimen blocks were prepared with 10 samples of each type of restorative material, namely GIC Fuji IX, Filtek Z-350 Composite, and Cention-N. Class I cavities were prepared with dimensions 1.5 x 2 x 2 mm (l x b x h) of cavity size of orthodontically extracted premolars followed by restoration of each test material. We found thatCention-N has shown the least microleakage as compared to other groups. Mean microleakage was the least for Cention-N. It’s a newer restorative material having higher mechanical properties with lesser microleakage. Cention-N is a newer restorative material having promising properties. This material can be used as an alternative restorative material.
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Chronic Periodontitis in Postmenopausal Women after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Shirmohammadi Adileh , Mohammadi Sanaz , Faramarzi Masoumeh , Babaloo Amir Reza , Sadighi Mehrnoosh , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency appears to have a major effect on periodontal tissue health. The present study aimed to assess the association of the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and chronic periodontitis in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: This research was done on 30 postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis who all had at least 20 natural teeth. Intravenous blood samples were taken from the study population at baseline and after completion of non-surgical periodontal treatment. This was followed by assessment of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Next, clinical parameters of all teeth except for third molars were measured, which included pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI). Data were analyzed by paired t-test and its non-parametric equivalent, the Wilcoxon test. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean PD, PI and GI before and after the intervention were significantly different (P<0.05). There was, however, no significant difference between the mean vitamin D concentrations before and after treatment (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the present study, there is no association between serum vitamin D concentrations and chronic periodontitis in postmenopausal women.
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND REDOX CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER TRIASSIC OSAWA FORMATION IN THE SOUTHERN KITAKAMI TERRANE, JAPAN: INSIGHTS INTO OCEAN REDOX STRATIFICATION AND FAUNAL RECOVERY
Authors: ISHIZAKI YOSHINO , SHIINO YUTA 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe sedimentary environments and redox conditions of the Lower Triassic Osawa Formation in the Southern Kitakami Terrane were reconstructed based on lithofacies, trace fossils, and other paleontological content. The muddy and sandy lithofacies of the Osawa Formation lack evidence of storm waves despite the presence of storm-induced turbidites, suggesting that the oldest deposits of the Osawa Formation were deposited in the proximal part of the outer shelf. In turn, water depth increased from the lower to upper part of the formation, ultimately recording the distal part of the outer shelf. In addition to sandy lithofacies caused by turbidity and traction currents, multiple sandy layers within the muddy lithofacies would have originated via supply into the prodelta setting from a fan delta system. Collapses of the delta front or river system floods could have generated hyperpycnal flows, resulting in abundant supplies of mud and organic matter. Trace fossil analyses revealed that the degree of bioturbation (ichnofabric indices) dramatically decreased as water-depth increased, indicating a steep oxic-dysoxic gradient along the onshore-offshore transect. Diagenetic pyrite framboids indicative of dysoxic/anoxic benthic conditions are abundant at greater water depths. Abundant pyrite framboids less than 6 μm in diameter suggest intermittent euxinicity. With an increase in global weathering, abundant sediment supply including organic matter from the fan delta system could have contributed to the development of ocean redox stratification, which appears to have impacted on the adaptation of both nektic and benthic animals of this area during the Early Triassic.
SIMPLE STRUCTURES AND COMPLEX STORIES: POTENTIAL MICROBIALLY INDUCED SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES IN THE EDIACARAN SERRA DE SANTA HELENA FORMATION, BAMBUÍ GROUP, EASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: OKUBO JULIANA , INGLEZ LUCAS , UHLEIN GABRIEL J. , WARREN LUCAS V. , XIAO SHUHAI 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are abundant in Ediacaran and lower Cambrian successions. However, the relationship between MISS distribution and facies has not been thoroughly explored in Ediacaran–Cambrian successions in South America. This study documents the occurrence of MISS and other potential biogenic structures from the late Ediacaran Serra de Santa Helena Formation in the Bambuí Group of eastern Brazil. This unit overlies the Cloudina-bearing Sete Lagoas Formation and is a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic succession devoid of macroscopic body fossils. Potential microbial structures include wrinkled structures such as “elephant-skin” and Kinneyia-like textures, as well as pustular structures and abundant positive epirelief discoidal structures. Another putative biogenic structure is a mm-wide meandering groove resembling a simple locomotion trail of a small vagile benthic metazoan. Microbial surface textures (i.e., “elephant skin” and Kinneyia-type wrinkles) were mainly observed in heterolithic deposits, usually at the interface between sandstone and siltstone/shale. On the other hand, discs show a facies-independent distribution, observed in heterolithic as well as carbonate and marl deposits. Petrographic analyses of these discs suggest that they have complex origins and some of them may be diagenetic structures. Thus, while facies may have strongly controlled the preservation of MISS-related structures and textures in the Serra de Santa Helena Formation, their abundance and diversity in tidal flat deposits indicate the wide distribution of matgrounds in these shallow marine paleoenvironments. Also, we demonstrate how detailed description and classification of simple features, such as discoidal structures, is an important task for paleoenvironmental reconstruction of marine ecosystems at the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition when the microbially bounded substrates played important roles in the dynamics of coastal environments.
An On-demand Photonic Ising Machine with Simplified Hamiltonian Calculation by Phase-encoding and Intensity Detection
Authors: Ouyang Jiayi , Liao Yuxuan , Ma Zhiyao , Kong Deyang , Feng Xue , Zhang Xiang , Dong Xiaowen , Cui Kaiyu , Liu Fang , Zhang Wei , Huang Yidong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The photonic Ising machine is a new paradigm of optical computing that takes advantages of the unique properties of light wave propagation, parallel processing and low loss transmission. Thus, the process of solving the combinatorial optimization problems can be accelerated through photonic/optoelectronic devices. In this work, we have proposed and demonstrated the Phase-Encoding and Intensity Detection Ising Annealer (PEIDIA) capable of solving arbitrary Ising problems on demand. The PEIDIA employs the heuristic algorithm and requires only one step of optical linear transformation with simplified Hamiltonian calculation by encoding the Ising spins on the phase term of the optical field and performing intensity detection during the solving process. As a proof of principle, several 20 and 30-dimensional Ising problems have been solved with high ground state probability (≥0.97/0.85 for 20/30-spin Ising model).
The Effects of Intraovarian Injection of Autologous Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Poor Ovarian Response
Authors: Zafardoust Simin , Kazemnejad Somaieh , Fathi-Kazerooni Mina , Darzi Maryam , Sadeghi Mohammad Reza , Tabar Ali Sadeghi , Sehat Zahra 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The major obstacle associated with assisted reproduction is poor ovarian response (POR) to controlled ovarian stimulation. Consequently, mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been proposed as a potential treatment for female infertility and/or restoration of ovarian function in POR women. The initial phase of the study showed an increase in pregnancy rate for women with POR who received menstrual blood-derived-mesenchymal stromal cells (MenSCs) into their ovaries. The objective was to evaluate whether this treatment could improve ovarian reserve parameters and pregnancy outcome in a larger population with POR.
Method
This study included 180 infertile individuals with reduced ovarian reserve who declined oocyte donation. The participants were separated into two groups according to their preference: those who received bilateral MenSCs intraovarian injection and those who did not receive any intervention. These two groups were further divided into two age categories (≤ 40 years and > 40 years). The primary outcomes assessed included a comparison of serum FSH, AMH, and AFC levels pre- and post-treatment. Secondary outcomes evaluated were the quantity and quality of oocytes and embryos, biochemical/clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates.
Results
The treatment of MenSCs was found to be generally well-tolerated and free of safety issues. At the 2-4-month follow-up, there was a significant improvement in AMH (P = 0.0007) and AFC (P < 0.001) among the women treated with MenSCs, while the control group experienced a notable decrease in these values (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). A subgroup analysis based on age (≤ 40 years) revealed that 12 (27.3%) patients in the MenSCs group and just 2 (4.5%) patients in the control group had spontaneous pregnancies within 3 to 4 months (P = 0.003). Similarly, 8 people from the MenSCs group (27.6%) and 2 from the control group (4.8%) became pregnant after ICSI (P = 0.009).
Conclusion
The injection of MenSCs is an efficacious and safe methodology to improve markers of low ovarian reserve, particularly in women aged forty or younger. This treatment has been found to significantly increase the number and quality of oocytes, the embryo quality, the fertilization rate, and the pregnancy rate, particularly spontaneous pregnancies, and boost the live birth rate.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05703308. Registered 01/26/2023, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05703308. IRCT, IRCT20180619040147N4. Registered 08/01/2020.