bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-risk interaction analysis of cascade hydropower stations based on system dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhu Boran , Lin Junqiang , Liu Yi , Zhang Di , Peng Qidong , Ren Yufeng , Chen Jiejie , Xu Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The operation of cascade hydropower stations is accompanied by various target risks while exerting the comprehensive benefits of water resources. The systematic analysis of multi-risk interactions during the operation of cascade hydropower stations is helpful for improving the operational benefit of hydropower stations. However, the current hydropower operating model used for risk simulation cannot show the dynamic operation processes within the system, which may limit the popularization of the model. In addition, most existing studies define risk from the perspective of reliability and lack analyses of risk resilience and vulnerability. In this study, a system dynamics model of cascade hydropower stations is constructed, and the relationships among the multi-risk of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba (XLD-XJB) cascade hydropower stations are explored from the aspects of reliability, resilience and vulnerability. The results are as follows. (1) The system dynamics model can effectively simulate the dynamic process of system operation and can be used to study the performance risk changes in the operation process of hydropower stations. (2) The current operating rule leads to ecological risk and shipping risk in the system in the normal scenario. There are also power risks in wet and dry scenarios. (3) There is a contradiction between power risk and shipping risk. In addition, in the case of insufficient inflow, there is a contradiction between the reliability and vulnerability of power risk. (4) The regulation of ecological risk helps reduce shipping risk and power risk. Therefore, ecological outflow should be regarded as the minimum outflow requirement of cascade hydropower stations.
Urbanization and transport energy consumption in African countries
Authors: Lokonon Boris O. K. , Satoguina Honorat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Transport is of paramount importance for economic activities. However, transport energy use contributes to pollution, so generates negative externalities. This paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and the transport final energy consumption in African countries. To that end, the paper applies the panel threshold regression (PTR) model for a panel of 25 African countries over the period 1992–2017. The findings show that there is a significant positive relationship between total and per capita transport energy consumption and the share of the urban population in the total population. Thus, urbanization fosters transport energy consumption, either per capita energy consumption or total energy consumption. Therefore, the results from this study suggest that African countries should promote sustainable urbanization in terms of transportation.
Spin reorientation in premartensite and austenite Ni2MnGa
Authors: Perevertov Alexej , Colman Ross 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Symmetry breaking in the pre-martensite state, sometimes called the martensite precursor state, has been hotly debated for decades. Incompletely softened phonon modes and the diffuse scattering suggest dynamical effects without a static symmetry breaking. Here we use careful measurement of magnetization curves of magnetically closed samples to evidence local symmetry breaking, at and above the pre-martensite transition in off-stoichiometry Ni-Mn-Ga Heusler alloy. During the heating cycle after the martensite transformation the differential susceptibility curve slowly transforms from a typical one-peak corresponding to the magnetization along the easy axis to two-peaks typical for magnetization along the harder magnetic axis. It is explained by change of the macroscopic magnetic easy axis from [100] to [110]. Above the premartensite transformation temperature the magnetic easy axis slowly changes back to [100]. Reorientation of the easy axis with temperature can be explained by the phonon domains model.
Bayesian estimation of potential outcomes for mediation analysis of racial disparity for infant mortality
Authors: Thompson James A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: There is a need for novel methods to determine preventable causes of racial health disparities. This need has been met with the development of improved methods for mediation modeling. Current mediational analysis methods call for an evaluation of statistical interaction or effect modification between the investigated cause and mediator. For racial disparity, this approach facilitates the estimation of racially specific risks for infant mortality. However, current methods for evaluating multiple interacting mediators are inadequate. The first objective of the study was to compare Bayesian estimation of potential outcomes to other approaches to mediation analysis that included interaction. The second objective was to evaluate three potentially interacting mediators of racial disparity for infant mortality by modeling the large dataset from the National Natality Database using Bayesian estimation of potential outcomes.
Methods: A random sample of observations from the 2003 National Natality Database was used to compare the currently promoted methods for mediation modeling. Racial disparity was modeled as a separate function for each of three potential mediators, (i) maternal smoking, (ii) low birth weight and (iii) teenage maternity. As a second objective, direct Bayesian estimation of potential outcomes modeled infant mortality as function of the interactions among the three mediators and race using the full National Natality Database for the years 2016 to 2018.
Results: The counterfactual model was inaccurate in estimating the proportion of racial disparity that was attributable to either maternal smoking or teenage maternity. The counterfactual approach did not accurately estimate the probabilities defined by counterfactual definitions. The error was a result of modeling the excess relative risk instead of the risk probabilities. Bayesian approaches did estimate the probabilities of the counterfactual definitions. Results showed that 73% of the racial disparity for infant mortality was attributed to infants born with low birth weight.
Conclusions. Bayesian estimation of potential outcomes could evaluate whether proposed public health programs would affect races differently and decisions could include consideration of the causal effect the program may have on racial disparity. The large contribution of low birth weight to racial disparity for infant mortality should be further investigated to identify preventable factors for low birth weight.
The Resistance of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi is a Multigene-Multivariate Phenomenon
Authors: Filgueira-Duarte Juan Jose , Gómez-Corredor William Andres , Londoño-Serna Daniela 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Floriculture is one of the most crucial crop industries worldwide. The carnation is the second more exported/imported flowers in the world. The disease most affecting the carnation crop is Fusariosis, produced by the ascomycete Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Little is known about the genetics of the resistance to Fusarium in carnations. In this job, different genes implicated direct or indirect forms in the defense mechanisms were identified using mRNAseq and RT-qPCR techniques. Some of these genes were involved in basal metabolism, genes implicated in the primary response to the pathogen, and genes kind pathogens-related proteins (PRs). These genes in different carnation varieties present overexpression or in contrast subexpression and determine somehow the resistant or susceptible phenotype to Fusarium oxysporum. Some of them are directly related to cell wall remodeling. Different genes are involved in the resistant response in carnations in different varieties; so, each variety elaborates a response in a different form from the other varieties; even more, the same gene is expressed differently in the different resistant varieties.
Development of SCAR Markers Related to Banana Susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum and Their Combination Use in Screening Potential Resistant Germplasm
Authors: Qv Mengran , Feng Guoen , Chen Shule , Chen Houbing , Chen Chengjie , Wang Fang , Lv Shun , Dai Longyu , Liu Hui , Huang Bingzhi , Xu Chunxiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.) production worldwide is seriously threatened by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). The best way to control this disease is to grow resistant cultivars. However, it requires large-scale field evaluations and labor- and time-consuming to obtain disease-resistant germplasm. Development of early, reliable, and reproducible selection strategies are considered as the efficient approach which could speed up the selection procedure. In this study, two pairs of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers related to banana Foc resistance/susceptibility were screened from 100 pairs of random primers. Correspondingly, two pairs of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers (namely SC4-F/SC4R and SC14-F/SC14R, respectively) were successfully generated from these two SRAP markers using 30 cultivars either resistant or susceptible to Foc. Both SCAR markers were located in mitochondrion genome and showed discriminatory power of 96.67% and 100%, respectively. In additional, these two SCAR markers were employed simultaneously to screen potential resistant germplasm from 53 accessions with unknown resistance to Foc, and the results revealed a consistency of 83.0% with each other, further indicating their high reliability and reproducibility. These results suggest that both SCAR markers could be used in molecular marker-assisted selection for banana germplasm resistant to Fusarium.
Biocontrol activities of gray mold of grapes with the volatile organic compounds generated by yeast HXMG-1 isolated from grapes
Authors: Ning Li , Wang Bujiang , Cui XinYi , Hou Jing , Zhang Na 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The pathogenic bacterias of postharvest crops are reduced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by yeasts. The yeast HXMG-1, which works well against gray mold of grapes pathogens (Botrytis cinerea), was assessed for its potential to create volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as one of its ways of working. Using a double Petri dish assay, the effect of HXGM-1-produced VOCs on mycelial development and spore development of the target pathogens was evaluated. Compared to the control, the VOCs produced by yeast HXMG-1 significantly restricted the growth of mycelium and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea. Specifically, the mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea was entirely restricted and the rate of spore germination of Botrytis cinerea only 20.11% at a concentration of 1×109 CFU/mL. It was also found that the VOCs could significantly inhibit mycelium growth with 82.46% inhibition with treatment of concentration of 1×108 CFU/mL. The VOCs caused the mycelium to grow curved, resulting in larger mycelial tips, fewer nuclei, and shorter mycelial septum spacing. In in vivo tests, noninjure or injure grapes were artificially inoculated with pathogen hyphal disk followed by bio-fumigation with VOCs generated by yeast HXMG-1, and the treatments (Wp2 and Wp3) significantly controlled pathogenic infection, confirming the results of in vitro tests. Through the creation of a phylogenetic tree, HXMG-1 was recognized as a member of the Ascomycota, Hemiascomycota, Yeasts, and Hansenula sp. families. In conclusion, the yeast strain HXMG-1 created VOCs that significantly inhibited the development of Botrytis cinerea on grapes and is expected to be further developed and utilized. This study lays the foundation for the using of Hansenula sp. for biological control of postharvest diseases.
Radiation-Induced Sarcoma after Breast Cancer: 20 Years of a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Bieżyński Bartosz , Wierzbicki Jędrzej , Ziętek Marcin , Pawlak Edyta , Maciejczyk Adam , Matkowski Rafał 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a rare but very severe complication of radiotherapy and, as this therapeutic method has been used widely in breast cancer treatment for the past years, the incidence of this malignancy is expected to grow. Due to the scarcity of radiation-induced sarcoma cases and the time the tumor takes to develop after initial treatment, the diagnosis and management of such patients are difficult and confusing. This study was conducted to analyze the course, survival, and potential predictive factors in patients diagnosed with RIS in a comprehensive cancer center since 2000.
Methods
The authors performed both a retrospective and prospective evaluation of clinical data for 10 patients in total.
Results
In this group, the median time of RIS development after radiotherapy was 7.6 years (range: 2.3 years – 29.4 years). In six patients, the relapse was confirmed with the median time since the diagnosis of 7.8 months, and in total twelve, progressions were observed.
Conclusion
The results, compared with already existing literature, have demonstrated that special attention is needed for patients diagnosed with breast cancer, even in a long-term follow-up care.
DNA-based assessment of root lesion nematode infections in cereal roots
Authors: Fatemi Ehsan , Melzer Siegbert , Jung Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Root lesion nematodes (RLN) of the genus Pratylenchus are causing significant damage in cereal production worldwide. Due to climate change and without efficient and environment-friendly treatments, the damages through RLNs are predicted to increase. Microscopic assessments of RLNs in the field and the greenhouses are time-consuming and laborious. As a result, cereal breeders have mostly ignored this pest. We present a method measuring RLN in infected cereal roots using a standardized PCR approach. Publicly available Pratylenchus neglectus primer combinations were evaluated. An optimal primer combination for RT-qPCR assay was identified to detect and quantify P. neglectus within infected cereal roots. Using the RT-qPCR detection assay, P. neglectus could be clearly distinguished from other plant parasitic nematodes. We could identify P. neglectus DNA in barley and wheat roots as low as 0.863 and 0.916 ng/µl of total DNA, respectively. A single P. neglectus individual was detected in water suspension and within barley and wheat roots. The RT-qPCR detection assay provides a robust and accurate alternative to microscopic nematode identification and quantification. It could be of interest for resistance breeding, where large populations must be screened to detect and quantify P. neglectus in farmer’s fields.
Preoperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide can predict postoperative cough-related quality of life and its recovery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients: a longitudinal study
Authors: LIN Rongjia , Xiang Chunmei , Lei Mei , CHEN Yanqing , TU Xiuhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Cough is a common respiratory symptom that affects quality of life (QOL) after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Our aim is to determine whether preoperative fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels are able to predict the risk of postoperative cough and its changes and recovery using the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese (LCQ-MC).
Methods
292 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled. 138 patients (47.2%) developed cough after VATS, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors of postoperative cough. For an exploratory analysis, patients with cough were divided into low and high- FENO (≥ 31 ppb) groups. The LCQ-CM was used to evaluate changes in postoperative cough and recovery trajectory over time between the two groups for 12 months after surgery.
Results
The independent factors of postoperative cough included preoperative FENO [odds ratio (OR) 1.106, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.076–1.137, p < 0.001] and duration of anesthesia (OR 1.008, 95% CI: 1.002–1.013, p = 0.004). The low-FENO group reported significantly higher LCQ-MC scores at 1 month after surgery and returned to preoperative physical (28 vs. 91 days), psychological (28 vs. 60 days), social (28 vs. 80 days) and total (28 vs. 91 days) scores faster than the high-FENO group (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Higher preoperative FENO level and longer duration of anesthesia were independent risk factors related to postoperative cough in early-stage NSCLC patients.
AIEgen orthopalladated hybrid polymers for efficient inactivation of the total coliforms in urban wastewater
Authors: Sessa Lucia , Diana Rosita , Gentile Francesco Silvio , Mazzaglia Fabio , Panunzi Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Monitorable AIE polymers with a bioactive pattern are employed in advanced biomedical applications such as functional coatings, theranostic probes, and implants. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in developing surfaces with superior antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities dramatically increased. Many formulations for biocide surfaces are based on hybrid organic/inorganic materials. Palladium (II) complexes display relevant activity against common bacteria, even higher when compared to their uncoordinated ligands. This article reports the design and synthesis of two series of orthopalladated polymers obtained by grafting a cyclopalladated fragment on two different O, N chelating Schiff base polymers. Different grafting percentages were examined and compared for each organic polymer. The fluorescence emission in the solid state was explored on organic matrixes and grafted polymers. DFT analysis provided a rationale for the role of the coordination core. The antibacterial response of the two series of hybrid polymers was tested against the total coliform group of untreated urban wastewater, revealing excellent inactivation ability.
Seasonal patterns in the mesopelagic fish community and associated deep scattering layers of an enclosed deep basin
Authors: Kapelonis Zacharias , Siapatis Apostolos , Machias Athanassios , Somarakis Stylianos , Markakis Konstantinos , Giannoulaki Marianna , Badouvas Nicholas , Tsagarakis Konstantinos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mesopelagic fish constitute the most abundant vertebrate group in the marine environment. The current work reports on results of three seasonal acoustic cruises carried out in the Gulf of Corinth, a relatively small, deep, isolated basin located in the Central Mediterranean (Greece) that presents some unique geomorphological and ecological features. The aim of this study was to describe seasonal echo-types and the vertical distribution of the Deep Scattering Layers (DSLs) as well as to relate them with specific species or species groups. Mesopelagic fish dominated the pelagic ecosystem as confirmed by biological sampling with different gears during daytime and nighttime. In total, at least 15 species were caught, belonging to the families Myctophidae, Paralepididae, Sternoptychidae and Stomiidae, while the - elsewhere very abundant - families Gonostomatidae and Phosichthyidae were completely absent. Common echo-types included: a) shoals and schools formed by the silvery lightfish Maurolicus muelleri, usually located along the shelf break (80-225 m), b) a non-migrant thin DSL found at 150-280 m throughout the deep parts of the Gulf, dominated by juveniles half-naked hatchetfish Argyropelecus hemigymnus, and c) one thick, partially migratory DSL at 250-600 m, mainly consisting of myctophids. The echo backscatter characteristics and species composition of the DSLs as well as the length distribution of the populations were found to differ seasonally. Species-specific and size related patterns in the vertical distribution of fish were detected both during daytime and nighttime. Overall, the Gulf of Corinth seems to sustain high densities of mesopelagic fish that constitute the basic food resource for the abundant dolphin populations that inhabit the area.
The prevalence and characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in Natal, Brazil.
Authors: Soares Layanny , Fernandes Eloisa , Santos Patrícia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and presentation patterns of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in _______ children.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 715 individuals aged 8 to 17 years. MIH was diagnosed according to European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, using intraoral photographs. Data were analysed using Chi Square and Pearson’s Correlation tests at α = 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of MIH was 15.66%. Mild defects represented by demarcated yellow and brown opacities comprised 83.5% of the total MIH lesionsand the severity of MIH lesions increased significantly as age increased. The average number of first molars affected by MIH per child was 2.26, and 36 children (32.14%) had at least one affected incisor. With the increase of affected molars, the number of incisors with opacities showed an obvious increasing. The maxillary left first molar was the most affected tooth, and the maxillary central incisors were the anterior teeth most frequently affected by MIH.
Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH was within the range of published studies and the severity of the defects was mostly mild.
Clinical Relevance: To provide information about prevalence and characteristics of MIH. To Reinforce that severity of the lesions is associated with age. To show the most affected teeth.
Numerical study on mixing of two fluids in a Y-junction microchannel with and without obstructions
Authors: khan wasim , Chandra A. K. , Kishor K. , Khatoon Bushra , Sachan S. , Alam M. Siraj 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A two dimensional simulation study of liquid–liquid (water and cyclohexane) two phase flow in Y-junction microchannels with and without obstructions has been studied numerically using volume of fluid method (VOF). The Y-junction angle of inclination between inlets of the two phases was varied in three equal steps. Various types of flow pattern were visualized for different concentrations of liquids, and velocity fields were also checked to quantify mixing efficiency. On the basis of mixing efficiency and mixing length an optimal angle was obtained. A comparison of mixing efficiencies with and without obstructions in mixing zone clearly indicates the usefulness of microchannel with obstructions. The simulated results obtained were also compared and validated with existing theoretical and experimental results. As angle of inclination is one of the key parameter influencing the mixing of components in microchannels apart from velocities of the two phases, so two approaches were used to predict flow behavior and mixing efficiency, firstly by varying the angle of inclination in three steps (60°, 90° and 120) keeping liquid velocities constant and secondly by varying the velocity of liquids (from 0.025 ms− 1 to 0.5 ms− 1) keeping angle of inclination constant. Finally, 120° was observed as the optimal angle of inclination for mixing of liquids. In addition, heat effects on mixing of liquids in microchannel wall temperature ranges 300 to 350 K were also studied and discussed. Pressure of the Y-junction at different angles of two inlets with different capillary number (Ca) as well as different Reynolds no (Re) was also analyzed to investigate flow patterns mechanism.