bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative macro-microscopic studies of three wild Solanum species (S. melongena L., S. incanum L. and S. virginianum L.)
Authors: Kannan Narayanan , Gopi Divya Kallingil , Shanmugam Sathish Kumar , Koppala Narayana Sunil Kumar , Shamsudin Abdul Kader 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The traditional medicinal system comprises the usage of innumerable plant species for the treatment of various ailments. Solanum, a potent medicinal genus, finds vast description in the various traditional medicinal systems world over. The effectiveness of a herbal drug relies on the usage of correct botanical sources. In this scenario of growing importance of traditional medicines and excessive loss of habitats of various medicinal plants, the procurement of genuine herbals is a challenging issue. Many related species of Solanum distributed over the world find their usage in many medicinal preparations, but the authenticity of the herbals is not promised. The identification and standardization of crude herbal drugs can be assured by the definite morphological and anatomical characterization.

Materials and Methods:
Macroscopical characters of all three samples collected from Attur Chat village in Salem district were observed and recorded using Nikon Digital camera D5600 and ZEISS Discovery V8 stereo microscope. The samples were preserved in formalin acetic acid, free hand sectioning was done to reveal the anatomy, and photographs were taken using Axiolab 5 trinocular microscope fitted with Axiocam 208 camera.

Results:
Macro-microscopic features of three important Solanum species viz S. melongena L., S. incanum L., and S. virginianum L. were characterized by morphology and anatomy studies. The stem was terete (S. incanum), flattened (S. melongena), and cylindrical (S. virginianum) in the species. The leaves were large and elliptic in S. melongena, simple ovate in S. incanum, and ovate and brittle in S. virginianum. Anatomically in the stem of S. virginianum, glandular trichomes were observed, which were absent in the other two species. In the case of leaves, the trichome type and density were varying in the three species, and trichomes were present only in the midrib of S. melongena. Variations observed in petiole and fruits were also recorded.

Conclusion:
The macro-microscopic characterization carried out will be worthwhile in judging the authenticity of the plants and differentiating these species from one another.
Lateral Window Maxillary Sinus Augmentation – Complications and Management
Authors: Kumar V. Arun , Pil-Seoung Kang , Jinendra Anju , Rajeev Gayathri 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
The sinus lift procedure is the most predictable surgical intervention for enhancing bone quality and quantity in the posterior maxilla prior to the placement of endosseous dental implants. However, despite careful planning and precise surgical technique, several complications can arise. These include - haemorrhage, membrane perforation, infection, wound dehiscence, post operative pain, implant failure/ loss, graft loss, hematoma, barrier membrane exposure, oroantral fistula and sinusitis.

Aim:
The purpose of this report was to address the most common complications associated with the sinus lift procedure and discuss how to avoid and manage them when they occur.

Methodology:
A total of 140 articles from peer reviewed journals published in English from January 1986 to January 2023 were collected from a search performed using MEDLINE and PubMed. The keywords utilized were “dental implant”, “sinus augmentation”, “sinus complication”, “membrane perforation”, “bleeding – sinus augmentation”. Twenty-nine of the 140 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria and were utilized in this article.

Results:
Sinus membrane perforation is the most prevalent complication of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures, ranging from 11-60%. An incidence of 28% perforation rate is found. Bleeding was reported with an incidence of 2% of the sinus procedures performed. The use of piezoelectric devices as well as other measures play an important role in ensuring the stopping of bleeding.

Conclusion:
Proper planning and management of these complications will minimize the negative effects on therapy and allow for a successful implant result when placed in augmented maxillary sinuses.
The influence of exposure to various concentrations of five antimicrobial agents on intracellular cytotoxin B production in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>
Authors: Jamal W. , Duerden B. I. , Rotimi V. O. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Clostridioides difficile is an important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Several anti- microbial agents are known to promote C. difficile infection (CDI). The impact of various concentrations of ampicillin (AMP), cefotaxime (CTX), clindamycin (CC), metronidazole (MTZ) and vancomycin (VAN) on intra-cellular cytotoxin B production was investigated in this study.
Methodology: Six clinical strains of C. difficile were grown at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC concentrations of these antibiotics. Inoculum standardization was performed by Miles and Misra method. Intracellular toxin B production was detected using Vero cell cytotoxicity assay in sonicated cultures on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 days of incubation.
Results: There was a heterogeneous relationship between antibiotic exposure and the intra-cellular toxin production by the toxigenic strains. Clinical strains of C. difficile when exposed to MIC and sub-inhibitory concentrations of certain antibiotics produced high cytotoxin levels. All toxigenic isolates produced increased levels of cell-bound cytotoxin after exposure to antibiotics but there was no consistent pattern and the response to different doses varied considerably. Metronidazole was the most potent inducer of cell-bound cytotoxin followed by cefotaxime and clindamycin. Vancomycin induced the least amount of cytotoxin activity.
Conclusion: The effects of sub-inhibitory concentration of antibiotic that predispose to C. difficile infection may partially suppress the normal gut flora, allowing colonization and growth of C. difficile, and may affect the level of toxin produced.
An appraisal of “African perspectives of moral status: A framework for evaluating global bioethical issues”
Authors: Molefe Motsamai , Maude Elphus 
Published: August 2023

This paper evaluates Caesar Alimsinya Atuire’s essay “African Perspectives of Moral Status: A Framework for Evaluating Global Bioethical Issues”. Atuire’s essay aims to contribute to global ethical discourse by articulating a systematic account of an African ethical perspective, specifically focusing on the themes of personhood, moral status and the legal question of abortion. We make three objections against Atuire’s essay. Firstly, we argue that a plausible approach to African personhood must consider both its individualistic and relational features, rather than merely emphasize the relational component. The second objection focuses on the theory of moral status, and it has two parts: (a) we insist that a correct understanding of the concept of moral status must construe it as a moral patiency rather than a moral agency term. We believe that Atuire’s view errs in regarding it as the latter. (b) we argue that contrary to Atuire’s assertions, Thaddeus Metz’s friendliness theory of moral status does a better job than Atuire’s object moral status (OMS) and subject moral status (SMS) views of moral status. The final objection is that maybe before we reflect on the legal status of abortion, as ethicists, we should begin by considering the ethical status of abortion in light of African axiological resources. In the final analysis, the paper appreciates Atuire’s contribution to African ethical theory, but it argues that much work still needs to be done before it can be suitable to provide a global framework for evaluating global bioethical issues.
Sex robots and the objectification of the human body: A Sub-Saharan African perspective
Authors: Ugar Edmund Terem 
Published: August 2023

Sex robots, in a broad ethical sense, challenge our traditional social norms, sexual interactions, and how we visualise the human body. As a distinct sex stimulation technology, sex robots are ethically problematic because of the humanlike characteristics that these technologies embody. In this paper, I argue, on the one hand, that the design of sex robots objectifies the human body, from an African perspective, because of their humanoid appearance. This objectification of the human body contradicts the African conception of the human body as possessing inalienable dignity, vitality, and sacredness. On the other hand, I show how the designs of sex robots reinforce adverse stereotypical gender norms and standards of beauty. This paper is significant because it deploys sub-Saharan African values of sex and the human body to make a novel contribution to the ethical discourse of sex robots.
Post-development Thesis and African Intercultural Theory of Development
Authors: Idachaba Philip Adah , Haaga Paul Terngu 
Published: August 2023

The aim of the paper is to address the question: is the end of development possible? Post-development theorists declare the end of development. They insist that the problematisation of poverty by development theory is one of the key defects of development. The irony in this problematisation is that development practice as an offshoot of development theory does not actually alleviate poverty, particularly in colonial spaces. Rather, the agents of development have perpetuated underdevelopment at the fringes of the colonial metropolis. Given this perpetuation of underdevelopment, post-development theorists argue, the idea of development has run its course and is no longer efficient; it should be put to an end. We assess this declaration of post-development theory from the perspective of Agbakoba’s intercultural philosophy of development. Using the philosophical methods of analysis and critique, we argue that Agbakoba’s intercultural proposal for a transition to development in Africa holds more prospects and is more feasible in addressing the concerns of post-development scholars. This is because, Agbakoba’s intercultural philosophy of development does not insist on the end of development, but on hybridity as the end of development.
Hegel Against Hegel and His Lumbering of Reason on the African Race
Authors: Ukwamedua Nelson Udoka 
Published: August 2023

One of the scholars that made sustained contributions to the development of philosophy of history is Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Hegel offers a dialectical conception of history in which the absolute spirit moves towards self-actualization. However, Hegel’s idea of history appears prejudiced and misguided because he not only derided and battered Africans using his imprudent racial schemes, he even excluded Africa from historical considerations in his uncouth racial agenda. This paper uses the critical analytic model to deleted ultimately show that not only was Hegel uninformed to comment on the ontology of Africa and Africans, but that even the system was self-defeating. That is, it was a case of Hegel against Hegel. This is the novelty of this paper since a Hegelian system that is against itself cannot muster the necessary guts and logic to lampoon and destroy another system, worse still, thoughtlessly and irrationally too. The paper also argued that the disposition to colour-brand people using racial scheme is uncritical and inhumane.
Effect of Microbial Cell-Size on Solid State Fermentation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by Rhizopus oligosporus
Authors: Aganbi E. , Egbune E. O. , Orororo O. C. , Ezedom T. , Egbune O. U. , Tonukari N. J. 
Published: August 2023

The solid state fermentation of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp (cowpea) and Arachis hypogaea L. (groundnut) was carried out using Rhizopus oligosporus at different inoculum size (1.89 x 102, 3.78 x 102, 5.67 x 102, 7.56 x 102, 9.45 x 102 and 11.34 x 102 CFU g-1). Following fermentation for 72 hours, biochemical parameters were determined in fermented and unfermented samples. All inoculum sizes produced significantly more phenol and flavonoids in the fermented groundnut samples as compared to the control, with the 15% inoculum size providing the most phenols (255.0 mg GAE/g). The fermentation of cowpea showed a similar pattern. The recognized antioxidant molecules flavonoids and phenols have sufficient capacity to reduce the negative effects of free radicals. The fermented samples' 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical increased significantly as compared to the unfermented sample. Comparing the fermented samples to the unfermented sample (control) at various inoculum sizes, amylase activity rose dramatically. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) can be employed to enhance the nutritional characteristics of cowpea and groundnut as soluble protein, glucose, and reducing sugars were also significantly increased in fermented cowpea and groundnut (at the different inoculum sizes) compared to the control. From this study, it is obvious that the selected fungus isolate, R. oligosporus showed high enzymatic activities and increased value added product of cowpea at varying inoculum size. This is an important characteristic for possible biotechnological applications.
Dental Caries Risk Assessment in Primary School Children Aged 11 to 12 years: Case of Nyarugenge District, Rwanda
Authors: Nsabimana Usiel , Isyagi Moses , Rutayisire Reverien , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundDental caries in children is a public health concern affecting 60-90% of children worldwide. Dental caries perturbs children’s eating ability, school performance as well as overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its risk factors among children aged 11 to 12 years in Nyarugenge District in Kigali, Rwanda.MethodsThe cross-sectional analytical study design involved 400 children from Nyarugenge district. By stratified sampling, we selected Gitega and Butamwa primary schools and used systematic sampling to choose the pupils into the sample. An interview and oral examination were performed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were done.ResultsDental caries was observed in 25.5% of children. Deep pits and fissures carried a two-fold risk of getting dental caries than children without deep pits and fissures (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5; 4.0], P-value < 0.001). Dental plaque was identified as a risk factor for getting dental caries (OR=2.2, 95% CI = [1.2; 3.3], P-value: 0.01).ConclusionDental caries is a public health concern associated with poor oral hygiene, deep pit, and fissures among children aged 11 to 12 years old. Oral hygiene education, application of ART, and regular screening programs are in need.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):113-122
Omoluabi: An African Conception of moral values
Authors: Azenabor Godwin 
Published: August 2023

The moral experience is a reality in every social and cultural life, with variations being in the interpretations given to experience. A people’s value system defines their identity. Consequently, this paper interrogates an example of an African theory of moral value against a moral developmental model, using the philosophical, expositional, analytical and comparative methods. The reflections in this paper focus on the Yoruba cultural context in Nigeria. The paper posits a relationship between a moral value system and development. It argues that the inability of the Nigerian state to attain enviable developmental status can be attributed to moral decadence, apart from inept leadership, ethnicity, antagonism, endless vendetta, political jingoism and cultural sub-nationalism. Since the goal of morality is peaceful co-existence, harmonious interaction, social cohesion and character development, the paper argues that Omoluabi traits can be appropriated to tackle moral problems and questions in contemporary Nigerian society. It concludes that the cultural heritage of Omoluabi can serve as a corpus of raw material for contemporary moral life, and contribute to tackling existential, moral and developmental challenges.
Scholarly Journal Publishing Forums in Tanzania Universities:
Authors: Samzugi Athumani S. , Kagugu Azizi H. 
Published: August 2023

The paper provides insights into scholarly journal publishing forums in Tanzania universities. It contextualises the current state of scholarly publishing and factors militating them in addition to providing possible palliatives for addressing them. The study employed a survey research design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from websites, editors of journals, and directors of research at the universities under review. The results show that 63 (98.4%) of the scholarly journal forums are available at the selected universities. Journal editors indicated that 46 (71.9%) of their journals are both in print and electronic formats, followed by 11 (17.2%) who indicated only the electronic format as the mode of publication, whereas seven (10.9%) indicated only the print format. The results also show that 43 (67.2%) have adopted the open access philosophy, 16 (25%) have yet to do so and five (7.8%) remain non-committal. Considering the present journal publication realities, there is a need to review the publishing process to accommodate the online journal system (OJS) for the submission and processing of manuscripts. Furthermore, the study found the preferred mode to be a hybrid because the ICT infrastructure, cost of bandwidth, internet connectivity, and electricity remained an impediment to shifting to the purely online mode. Implicitly, academic journals for Tanzania’s universities should currently be accessible in both print and electronic formats until when technologies dictate otherwise.
Influence Of Workload And Job Satisfaction Of Pharmaceutical Workers On The Achievement Of Quality Indicators With Motivation As Intervening Variables In Jakarta Dharmais Cancer Hospital
Authors: Fadhilah Gina , Rita Wahidi Kemala , Ruswanti Endang 
Published: August 2023

Based on an initial survey of 10 pharmacists, there are still many employees (10%) who complain of being tired when the office, especially the morning service, sometimes doesn't have time to rest, eat, plus pharmacists who don't come because of illness, causing the workload to be more The survey results also showed 50% of employees expressed job dissatisfaction this was related to salary provision, relationships with superiors and job placements were not in accordance with their skills and abilities. In addition, 20% of employees show low work motivation, this is because the work environment is not conducive and the workload is high. In addition to the results of observations based on the RSKD suggestion box, the phenomenon of complaints felt by 3 patients / families, including "long pharmacy service, employees do not smile and behave rudely". Long waiting time is one of the components that have the potential to cause patient dissatisfaction. Objective: To analyze the effect of workload and job satisfaction on the achievement of quality indicators with motivation as an intervening variable for pharmacists at Dharmais Cancer Hospital. The research design that will be used in this research is a quantitative approach research model. Quantitative model is a decision model that uses numbers. In addition, based on numerical or numerical data and decision models produce decision variables in the form of numbers with a cross sectional approach. There is a significant effect between workload on the motivation of pharmacists at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, There is a significant influence between job satisfaction on the motivation of pharmacists at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, There is a significant influence between workload on the achievement of quality indicators in the Home Pharmacy Installation Dharmais Cancer. , There is a significant effect between job satisfaction on the achievement of quality indicators in the Pharmacy Installation of Dharmais Cancer Hospital., There is a significant influence between workload and job satisfaction on the achievement of quality indicators with motivation as an influential factor in the Pharmacy Installation of Dharmais Cancer Hospital
The Impact of Anemia Prevention Health Counseling on Knowledge of Pregnant Women in Puskesmas
Authors: Pesak Ellen , Kristianto Jusuf , Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng , Tuegeh Johana , Kolompoy Jane  Annita , Firdaus Putri Nurul 
Published: August 2023

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 35-70% of pregnant women in developing countries are anemic. Indonesia is one of the developing countries with the highest incidence of anemia, which is around 70% in pregnant women. One of the causes of anemia during pregnancy is that many pregnant women do not know the prevention of anemia during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health counseling on the prevention of anemia on the knowledge of pregnant women. The research design used was pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest method where the characteristics of this design were no comparison group (control). The study population was all pregnant women at the Minanga Health Center which amounted to 46 people. The sample technique used was simple random sampling, which was as many as 35 people. Analysis with Wilcoxon signed rank test. The test results have a significant influence of health counseling on anemia prevention on the knowledge of pregnant women (α ≤ 0.05, namely p-value = 0.000). The conclusion is that health counseling on the prevention of anemia increases the knowledge of pregnant women. Suggestions are expected by the puskesmas to increase counseling or education about anemia during pregnancy so that pregnant women's knowledge about anemia increases.
Exploring EFL Learners’ Perspective of Using Attractive Games to Improve English Speaking Performance for Grade X Accounting Students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Retnaningsih Dewi , Bambang Bambang 
Published: August 2023

The purpose of writing this article is to have a better understanding of the differences between Islamic and conventional banking as well as the relevance of Islamic banking principles in the current global economic context. The research method used is qualitative method, this study is descriptive analytic, this is to describe and analyze the system of Islamic financial institutions with the system of conventional financial institutions. Results: Sharia banks serve as a means to accumulate public savings and develop them. The point is that Sharia Bank is an institution that functions to invest public funds in accordance with Islamic recommendations effectively, productively and for the benefit of Muslims. The main objective of Sharia Bank, which is to unite Muslims, restore the strength, role, and position of Islam on this earth can be achieved. Conventional Banks are established to obtain maximum material benefits, while Islamic Banks are established to provide material and spiritual welfare. This material and spiritual welfare is obtained through halal funds collection and distribution. This means that Sharia Bank will not distribute funds to liquor factories or other businesses that cannot be guaranteed that the results come from halal activities. Therefore, it can be said that the concept of profit in conventional banks is more inclined, focusing on the angle of material profits, while the concept of profit in Islamic banks must pay attention to profits from the worldly and ukhrawi (hereafter) angles.