bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of lowered newborn screening thresholds for congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Yu Aolei , Alder Nelson , Lain Samantha J , Wiley Veronica , Nassar Natasha , Jack Michelle 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) has largely eliminated the physical and neurodevelopmental effects of untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Many countries, including Australia, have progressively lowered NBS bloodspot thyroid‐stimulating hormone (b‐TSH) thresholds. The impact of these changes is still unclear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of CH NBS following the reduction of b‐TSH thresholds in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, from 15 to 8 mIU/L, and to determine the clinical outcomes of cases detected by these thresholds.MethodsNBS data of 346 849 infants born in NSW/ACT, Australia from 1 November, 2016–1 March, 2020 inclusive were analysed. A clinical audit was conducted on infants with a preliminary diagnosis of CH born between 1 January, 2016–1 December, 2020 inclusive.ResultsThe lowered b‐TSH threshold (≥8 mIU/L, ~99.5th centile) detected 1668 infants (0.48%), representing an eight‐fold increase in recall rate, of whom 212 of 1668 (12.7%) commenced thyroxine treatment. Of these 212 infants, 62 (29.2%) (including eight cases with a preliminary diagnosis of thyroid dysgenesis) had an initial b‐TSH 8–14.9 mIU/L. The positive predictive value for a preliminary diagnosis of CH decreased from 74.3% to 12.8% with the lowered threshold. Proportionally, more pre‐term infants received a preliminary CH diagnosis on screening with the lower threshold (16.1% of 62) than with the higher threshold (8.0% of 150).ConclusionClinically relevant CH was detected using the lowered threshold, albeit at the cost of an eight‐fold increase in recall rate. Further clinical and economic studies are required to determine whether benefits of lowered screening thresholds outweigh potential harms from false‐positive results on infants, their families and NBS programs.
Transitioning additive manufacturing from rapid prototyping to high‐volume production: A case study of complex final products
Authors: Roscoe Samuel , Cousins Paul D. , Handfield Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper seeks answers to the question: what are the key factors that enable the scaling of additive manufacturing (AM) from rapid prototyping to high‐volume production? Using a longitudinal case study, we collected primary and secondary data to trace the AM scaling journey of AeroCo, a highly innovative aerospace firm. Based on the case findings, we position AM as a whole system technology because it can print components for a wide range of subsystems in a complex final product. Scaling AM requires a significant realignment of existing, and often deeply entrenched, new technology, and product development processes. To achieve this alignment, AeroCo formed institutional alliances with the UK government and universities to establish university technology centers, which facilitated early stage ideation and “catapult” centers, which enabled high‐volume testing in factory‐like facilities. The case reveals how multiple functions needed to integrate, including research and development, product design, and future programs, to ensure that design changes cascaded from one subsystem to another, and that new technologies were linked to a future product to create a final product pull. These findings inform a managerial framework for additive manufacturing scaling that is generalizable to other digital technologies used in the design and production of complex final products, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, smart factories, and cyber physical production systems. Our framework contributes to innovation thought and practice by explaining how new product development processes and organizational structures change under the effect of digital technologies.
Culturing the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in extensive shrimp ponds and cages
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liu Xin , Lin Tingting , Li Siping , Shen Fengyuan , Wang Yong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop low‐cost techniques for culturing seahorses in extensive shrimp ponds to foster a legal and more sustainable production chain to meet market demand for traditional Chinese medicine. In the present article, the results of two‐year experiments of seahorse culture in cages and extensive shrimp ponds are reported. We found that juveniles of the lined seahorse survived in cages and ponds very well, and the juvenile survival generally was >70% during the experimental periods. The survival and growth of the juveniles were similar to or even better than that reported in indoor tank culture. Additionally, the lined seahorse survived well (>60%) at temperatures up to 34.6°C which is the highest recorded temperature for the species in the field. For large ponds of >5 ha, cage culture may be a better way. For small ponds of <0.3 ha, culturing the seahorse in a pond is recommended. A 1000 m2 pond could support around 7000 of the juveniles of the lined seahorse. In conclusion, culturing the lined seahorse in an extensive shrimp pond is technically feasible.
A network‐based economic growth model with endogenous migration and poverty traps
Authors: Bucci Alberto , La Torre Davide , Liuzzi Danilo , Marsiglio Simone 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe analyze a network‐based macroeconomic framework with the objective to analyze the effects that endogenous migration choices may have on the mutual relation between population dynamics and capital accumulation. In our economy population size determines the labor input which, together with the available capital stock, shapes total output. Production takes place with a convex‐concave technology allowing for a poverty trap. Migration depends on the origin‐destination income differential and affects the fertility rate. Thus population growth ultimately turns out to be endogenously dependent upon economic conditions. Such feedback effects between population and capital dynamics give rise to possible heterogeneity in the patterns of economic development, allowing to explain the large variability in the level of development between regions we generally observe at world level. We show that a higher degree of economic interaction improves economic outcomes at global level by allowing poor economies to escape their poverty trap, suggesting thus that promoting the formation of tight relations between countries may be an important policy option to favor economic development.
The liminal landscape of mentoring—Stories of physicians becoming mentors
Authors: Valestrand Eivind A. , Hokstad Leif Martin , Schei Edvin , Ofstad Eirik H. , Stenfors Terese , Kvernenes Monika 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study explores narratives of physicians negotiating liminality while becoming and being mentors for medical students. Liminality is the unstable phase of a learning trajectory in which one leaves behind one understanding but has yet to reach a new insight or position.MethodsIn this study, we analysed semi‐structural interviews of 22 physician mentors from group‐based mentoring programmes at two Norwegian and one Canadian medical school. In a dialogical narrative analysis, we applied liminality as a sensitising lens, focusing on informants' stories of becoming a mentor.ResultsLiminality is an unavoidable aspect of developing as a mentor. Which strategies mentors resort to when facing liminality are influenced by their narrative coherence. Some mentors thrive in liminality, enjoying the possibility of learning and developing as mentors. Others deem mentoring and the medical humanities peripheral to medicine and thus struggle with integrating mentor and physician identities. They may contradict themselves as they shift between their multiple identities, resulting in rejection of the learning potentials that liminality affords.ConclusionMentors with integrated physician and mentor identities can embrace liminality and develop as mentors. Those mentors with contradicting dialogues between their identities may avoid liminality if it challenges their understanding of who they are and make them experience discomfort, confusion and insufficiency while becoming a mentor. Support of the mentoring role from the clinical culture may help these physicians develop internal dialogues that reconcile their clinician and mentor identities.
Transcription–translation coupling: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Woodgate Jason , Zenkin Nikolay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe flow of genetic information from the chromosome to protein in all living organisms consists of two steps: (1) copying information coded in DNA into an mRNA intermediate via transcription by RNA polymerase, followed by (2) translation of this mRNA into a polypeptide by the ribosome. Unlike eukaryotes, where transcription and translation are separated by a nuclear envelope, in bacterial cells, these two processes occur within the same compartment. This means that a pioneering ribosome starts translation on nascent mRNA that is still being actively transcribed by RNA polymerase. This tethering via mRNA is referred to as ‘coupling’ of transcription and translation (CTT). CTT raises many questions regarding physical interactions and potential mutual regulation between these large (ribosome is ~2.5 MDa and RNA polymerase is 0.5 MDa) and powerful molecular machines. Accordingly, we will discuss some recently discovered structural and functional aspects of CTT.
GLP‐1 analogs and regional adiposity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akoumianakis Ioannis , Zagaliotis Anastasios , Konstantaraki Maria , Filippatos Theodosios D. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) analogs regulate body weight and liver steatosis. Different body adipose tissue (AT) depots exhibit biological variability. Accordingly, GLP‐1 analog effects on AT distribution are unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate GLP1‐analog effects on adiposity distribution.Search methodsPubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were screened for eligible randomized human trials. Pre‐defined endpoints included visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT), total AT (TAT), epicardial AT (EAT), liver AT (LAT), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (W:H). Search was conducted until May 17, 2022.Data collection and analysisData extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent investigators. Treatment effects were estimated using random effects models. Analyses were performed on Review Manager v5.3.Main resultsOut of the 367 screened studies, 45 were included in the systematic review and 35 were used in the meta‐analysis. GLP‐1 analogs reduced VAT, SAT, TAT, LAT, and EAT, with non‐significant effects on W:H. Overall bias risk was low.ConclusionsGLP‐1 analog treatment reduces TAT, affecting most studied AT depots, including the pathogenic VAT, EAT, and LAT. GLP‐1 analogs may have significant roles in combating metabolic, obesity‐associated diseases via reductions of key AT depot volumes.
Impact of accommodative insufficiency and accommodative/vergence therapy on ciliary muscle thickness in the eye
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel , Shasteen Nahrain M. , Mitchell G. Lynn , Bailey Melissa D. , Kao Chiu‐Yen , Toole Andrew J. , Richdale Kathryn , Kulp Marjean T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeRecent evidence suggests that the ciliary muscle apical fibres are most responsive to accommodative load; however, the structure of the ciliary muscle in individuals with accommodative insufficiency is unknown. This study examined ciliary muscle structure in individuals with accommodative insufficiency (AI). We also determined the response of the ciliary muscle to accommodative/vergence therapy and increasing accommodative demands to investigate the muscle's responsiveness to workload.MethodsSubjects with AI were enrolled and matched by age and refractive error with subjects enrolled in another ciliary muscle study as controls. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure the ciliary muscle thickness (CMT) at rest (0D), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and over the area from 0.75 mm (CMT0.75) to 3 mm (CMT3) posterior to the scleral spur of the right eye. For those with AI, the ciliary muscle was also measured at increasing levels of accommodative demand (2D, 4D and 6D), both before and after accommodative/vergence therapy.ResultsSixteen subjects with AI (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 8.0) were matched with 48 controls (mean age = 17.8 years, SD = 8.2). On average, the controls had 52–72 μm thicker ciliary muscles in the apical region at 0D than those with AI (p = 0.03 for both CMTMAX and CMT 0.75). Differences in thickness between the groups in other regions of the muscle were not statistically significant. After 8 weeks of accommodative/vergence therapy, the CMT increased by an average of 22–42 μm (p ≤ 0.04 for all), while AA increased by 7D (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated significantly thinner apical ciliary muscle thickness in those with AI and that the ciliary muscle can thicken in response to increased workload. This may explain the mechanism for improvement in signs and symptoms with accommodative/vergence therapy.
Facial infiltrating lipomatosis with hemimegalencephaly and lymphatic malformations caused by nonhotspot phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha mutation
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Sun Bin , Gao Wei , Jia Hechen , Zhou Lucia , Hua Chen , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report an unusual case of facial infiltrating lipomatosis with hemimegalencephaly and lymphatic malformations. In addition to the clinical data and imaging findings, detection of a heterozygous PIK3CA nonhotspot known pathogenic variant C420R in a facial epidermal nevus provided novel insight into the pathogenic effect of somatic PIK3CA mutations.
Force–velocity profiling of elite wheelchair rugby players by manipulating rolling resistance over multiple wheelchair sprints
Authors: Janssen Rowie J. F. , de Groot Sonja , Van der Woude Lucas H. V. , Houdijk Han , Goosey‐Tolfrey Vicky L. , Vegter Riemer J. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of increased rolling resistance on wheelchair sprint performance and the concomitant force–velocity characteristics. Thirteen wheelchair rugby (WCR) athletes completed five 15 s wheelchair sprints in their own rugby wheelchair on an instrumented dual‐roller wheelchair ergometer. The first sprint was performed against a close to overground resistance and in each of the following sprints, the resistance increased with 80% of that resistance. A repeated‐measures ANOVA examined differences between sprints. Subsequently, linear regression analyses examined the individual force–velocity relations and then, individual parabolic power output curves were modeled. Increased rolling resistance led to significantly lower velocities (−36%), higher propulsion forces (+150%) and higher power outputs (+83%). These differences were accompanied by a lower push frequency, higher push time, yet a constant recovery time and contact angle. The modeled linear regressions (R2 = 0.71 ± 0.10) between force and velocity differed a lot in slope and intercept among individual athletes. The peak of the power output parabola (i.e., the optimal velocity) occurred on average at 3.1 ± 0.6 ms−1. These individual force–velocity profiles can be used for training recommendations or technological changes to better exploit power generation capabilities of the WCR athletes' musculoskeletal system.
How do I reduce variation in red blood cell transfusion practices in a large integrated health care system?
Authors: Entzel Pamela , Nielsen Matthew , Weiss Susan , Park Yara A. , Lu Rommel , Baskin‐Miller Jacquelyn , Hutchinson Blake , Obioma Prestige , An Xinming , Balfanz Greg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundReducing variation in transfusion practices can prevent unwarranted transfusions, an outcome that improves quality of care and patient safety, while lowering costs and eliminating waste of blood. We developed and assessed a system‐wide initiative to reduce variation in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in terms of both transfusion utilization and the number of units transfused.Intervention Design And MethodsOur initiative combined a single‐unit default order for RBC transfusion in hemodynamically stable, non‐bleeding patients with a “Why Give 2 When 1 Will Do?” Choosing Wisely campaign, while also promoting a restrictive hemoglobin threshold (Hb <7 g/dl). This multimodal intervention was implemented across an academic medical center (AMC) with over 950 beds and 10 community hospitals.ResultsBetween our baseline (CY 2020) and intervention period (CY 2021), single‐unit orders increased from 57% to 70% of all RBC transfusion orders (p < .001). The greatest change in ordering practices was at community hospitals, where single‐unit orders increased from 46% to 65% (p < .001). Over the same time period, the system‐wide mean (SD) Hb result prior to transfusion fell from 7.3 (0.05) to 7.2 g/dl (0.04) (p < .05). We estimate this effort saved over 4000 units of blood and over $4 million in direct and indirect costs in its first year.DiscussionBy combining a single‐unit default setting in the RBC order with a restrictive hemoglobin threshold, we significantly reduced variation in ordering practices. This effort demonstrates the value of single‐unit policies and “nudges” in system‐wide patient blood management initiatives.
Evolving deferral criteria for blood donation in France: Plasma donation by men who have sex with men
Authors: Tiberghien Pierre , Lecam Sophie , Huet Julie , Malard Lucile , Tavenard Tristan , Pillonel Josiane , Sauvage Claire , Bocquet Thibaut , Bliem Cathy , Morel Pascal , Richard Pascale , Laperche Syria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSince the advent of AIDS, men who have sex with men (MSM) have often been deferred from blood donation. In France, quarantine plasma donation by MSM donors with the same deferral rules as for other donors was introduced in July 2016 and continued up to March 2022. At this time, MSM‐specific deferral criteria were lifted for all blood or plasma donation. The donor deferral, as well as rate of infectious markers in plasma donors who would have been otherwise deferred for MSM activity, was evaluated and compared with those of the other donors during the same time period from June 2016 to March 2022.ResultsA total of 8843 MSM donors made 12,250 plasma donation applications. The overall deferral rate was very high (75.2%), mainly due to the absence of apheresis capacity at the donation site. The deferral criteria for sexual risk were present in 12.1% of MSM donors compared with 1.0% in other plasma and blood donors (p < 0.001). Overall, 994 MSM donors made 2880 plasma donations. Of these, one donation was HIV positive (34.7 vs. 0.6/105 donations by other donors, relative risk [RR]: 61.0 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.5–437.7]), one was HBV positive (34.7 vs. 4.5/105, RR: 7.7 [95% CI: 1.1–54.6]) and none were HCV positive (0 vs. 2.4/105). Additionally, 21 donations were syphilis positive (729.2 vs. 10.7/105, RR: 67.9 [95% CI: 44.2–104.4]). A post hoc analysis of eligible MSM donors who were unable to donate plasma due to logistic constraints yielded similar findings.ConclusionPlasma donation by donors who would have been otherwise deferred for MSM activity was associated with both an increased deferral rate for sexual risk and an increased rate of infectious markers, notably syphilis.
Cardiomyocyte tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis regulates fatty acid metabolism and susceptibility to ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Chu Sandy M. , Heather Lisa C. , Chuaiphichai Surawee , Nicol Thomas , Wright Benjamin , Miossec Matthieu , Bendall Jennifer K. , Douglas Gillian , Crabtree Mark J. , Channon Keith M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthases in which its production of NO is crucial for cardiac function. However, non‐canonical roles of BH4 have been discovered recently and the cell‐specific role of cardiomyocyte BH4 in cardiac function and metabolism remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we developed a novel mouse model of cardiomyocyte BH4 deficiency, by cardiomyocyte‐specific deletion of Gch1, which encodes guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, a required enzyme for de novo BH4 synthesis. Cardiomyocyte (cm)Gch1 mRNA expression and BH4 levels from cmGch1 KO mice were significantly reduced compared to Gch1flox/flox (WT) littermates. Transcriptomic analyses and protein assays revealed downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in cmGch1 KO hearts compared with WT, accompanied by increased triacylglycerol concentration within the myocardium. Deletion of cardiomyocyte BH4 did not alter basal cardiac function. However, the recovery of left ventricle function was improved in cmGch1 KO hearts when subjected to ex vivo ischaemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, with reduced infarct size compared to WT hearts. Metabolomic analyses of cardiac tissue after IR revealed that long‐chain fatty acids were increased in cmGch1 KO hearts compared to WT, whereas at 5 min reperfusion (post‐35 min ischaemia) fatty acid metabolite levels were higher in WT compared to cmGch1 KO hearts. These results indicate a new role for BH4 in cardiomyocyte fatty acid metabolism, such that reduction of cardiomyocyte BH4 confers a protective effect in response to cardiac IR injury. Manipulating cardiac metabolism via BH4 could play a therapeutic role in limiting IR injury.