bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning‐based anti‐jamming technique at the physical layer
Authors: Chehimi Mahdi , Awad Mohamad Khattar , Al‐Husseini Mohammed , Chehab Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reliance on wireless services to exchange critical data is associated with various threats and attacks, which must be mitigated to ensure integrity and security of those wireless services. Posing a serious challenge to wireless systems, jamming is among these attacks. In order to mitigate jamming, directive antennas are used to minimize the signals that are received from the jammer, while maximizing the received legitimate signal from the authorized transmitter. In this paper, we propose a machine learning‐based anti‐jamming framework to provide a spatially dynamic and instantaneous anti‐jamming performance that is achieved at the physical layer. The proposed framework incorporates a dataset that can be deployed in the hardware of a receiver with a massive Multiple‐Inputs Multiple‐Outputs–(MIMO) antenna. Our extensive performance evaluation results demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed framework in preserving integrity of a massive–MIMO communication system despite the presence of a hostile jammer. Particularly, due to the tabular nature of the generated dataset, tree‐based random forest models achieved the best performance with a signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio accuracy of and fast anti‐jamming response in around 1.66 s under sever jamming conditions.
Analysis of advanced generation multistage field trials data in autogamous plant breeding: An evaluation in common Bean
Authors: Santana Alice Silva , de Souza Marçal Tiago , Vicentino Salvador Felipe , de Souza Michel Henriques , da Silva Laiza Maria Bendia , da Silva Maria Beatriz Pereira , de Amorim Peixoto Marco Antônio , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , de Souza Carneiro José Eustáquio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe performance of inbred lines in advanced endogamous generation is commonly evaluated in successive generations of testing and selection, which we defined as “multistage field trials” (MSFT). MSFT data routinely exhibit heterogeneity of (co)variances at several levels due to genetic and/or statistical imbalance. Nowadays, mixed models have been widely used to deal with unbalanced data. However, few studies on common bean have addressed the use of a mixed model approach with modeling of (co)variance structures for random effects in MSFT. Furthermore, factor analysis and genotype‐ideotype distance (FAI‐BLUP) selection index was originally proposed using best linear unbiased predictions from individual analysis. In this regard, we aimed to study the implications of modeling (co)variance structures for random effects in the estimation of genetic parameters and evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of inbred line selection by the modeled FAI‐BLUP approach. A total of five trials were evaluated from 2018 to 2020. The results revealed that the unstructured covariance matrix fitted better for grain yield, whereas the matrix with uniform correlation and heterogeneity of variances fitted better for grain aspect and plant architecture. The modeled FAI‐BLUP approach increased the values of selection accuracy and selection efficiency. Our results suggest that modeling the different structures of (co)variances and selecting the best‐performing genotypes by modeled FAI‐BLUP approach should be used in common bean assays involving unbalanced data.
Secure public administration using wireless blockchain technology with efficient routing policy
Authors: P Anitha Rajakumari , Parwekar Pritee 
Published: February 2023

SummaryCurrent research works are majorly focused on the security importance and prevention measures in wireless sensor network (WSN). The survey of existing papers states that there are no efficient protocols for achieving secure and reliable peer authentication that ensures trust and confidentiality of the end‐users, as public administration worldwide invokes many maximized resources demanding transparency with security. Nowadays, a number of nations have started implementing smart city ideas; new technology should be used to safeguard various public administration services against corruption, intruders rendering an active part, and public transparency. By integrating blockchain (BC) technology with wireless‐based public administration process (WBPAP), the challenge of gaining trust, and eliminating corruption can be attained. Auto‐metric graph neural network (AGNN) approach is proposed for eliminating data tampering and malicious attack in the peer network. Trust, confidentiality, and integrity can be achieved using the proposed BC‐AGNN‐WBPAP‐WSN approach. The simulation of this model is activated in MATLAB, and its performance is examined using some performance metrics. Finally, the attained outcomes prove that the proposed method is the first wireless‐based public blockchain experimental method for public administration analyzed with theoretical methods.
Joint Power and Temperature Aware Routing for implant wireless body area networks
Authors: K Jasmine Mystica , J Martin Leo Manickam 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn healthcare IoT, there is a vogueing need for better performing monitoring and reporting services of both medical and non‐medical applications. Off late, the solutions are stemming from wireless body area networks (WBAN). Keen, fast, and reliable management of clinical information at every level of the network opens room for researchers to work on the network level of WBAN. Being in the era of Implant Medical Devices, the challenges are versatile. Obtaining the desired throughput, combating node heating, and improvement in energy efficiency are a few challenges. Interestingly, the heterogenous nature of nodes in a WBAN thrusts the next hop selection at the intra‐WBAN level advancing into a non‐persistent hard problem. To this, we present a Joint Power and Temperature Aware Routing (JPTAR) Scheme with two elements. First is an analytic hierarchy process–based next hop selection method that accommodates, link quality, residual energy, closeness to sink, and node heating for the process. To this an imperceptibly, low computation algorithm for received signal strength indicator (RSSI) estimation‐based transmission power control is also added to ensure an optimized energy expenditure. Requisite elements of WBAN network management like QoS goals of emergency data and redundancy removal in transmissions are inherently part of the proposed work. The performance metrics like network lifetime, node temperature rise, throughput, end‐to‐end delay, and computation time are acquired under the worst‐case scenario. The obtained results depict that the proposed JPTAR scheme outperforms state‐of‐the‐art reactive multi‐hop routing algorithms (MATTEMPT and SIMPLE).
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and segregation linked to cognitive decline
Authors: Meyer Oanh L. , Besser Lilah , Tobias Michele , George Kristen M. , Gavett Brandon , Farias Sarah Tomaszewski , Bhagat Nishi , Pham My Le , Chrisphonte Stephanie , Whitmer Rachel A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionFew longitudinal studies have examined the joint impact of neighborhood segregation and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) in cognitive decline over time.MethodsThis study included non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 209) and Black participants (n = 118) whose cognition was evaluated as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Four distinct categories of segregation and NSES were evaluated for their association with cognitive outcomes (episodic memory, semantic memory, executive function, and spatial ability) using race‐specific mixed‐effects models.ResultsCompared to Black participants living in higher segregation‐lower NSES areas, Black participants living in lower segregation‐lower NSES areas or higher segregation‐higher NSES areas experienced slower decline in episodic memory over time. Compared to NHW participants living in higher segregation‐lower NSES areas, NHWs living in lower segregation‐higher NSES areas experienced faster decline in spatial ability.DiscussionSegregation and NSES are differentially associated with cognition depending on participant race. Further research is needed to replicate study results.
Synthetic amino acids‐based short amphipathic peptides exhibit antifungal activity by targeting cell membrane disruption
Authors: Aaghaz Shams , Sharma Komal , Maurya Indresh K. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Singh Shreya , Kumar Vinod , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Jain Rahul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAvailability of a limited number of antifungal drugs created a necessity to develop new antifungals with distinct mode of action. Investigation on a new series of peptides led us to identify Boc‐His‐Trp‐His[1‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)] (10g) as the most promising inhibitor exhibiting IC50 value of 4.4 µg/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans. Analog 10g exhibit high selectivity to fungal cells and was nonhemolytic and noncytotoxic at its minimum inhibitory concentration. 10g produced fungicidal effect on growing cryptococcal cells and displayed synergistic effect with amphotericin B. Overall cationic character of 10g resulted in interaction with negatively charged fungal membrane while hydrophobicity enhanced penetration inside the cryptococcal cells causing hole(s) formation and disruption to the membrane as evident by the scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses. Flow cytometric investigation revealed rapid death of fungal cells by apopotic pathway.
“I struggle at times to see her struggle”: Mothers' perspectives on dyslexia‐related school struggles and the inter‐connected nature of mother and child well‐being
Authors: Wilmot Adrienne , Pizzey Hannah , Leitão Suze , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionParents of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for parenting stress and mental health concerns. Our aim was to explore the emotional experience of growing up with dyslexia in Australia from parents' perspectives. In so doing, we also developed an understanding of parents' own mental health and support needs informed by their lived experience.MethodologySeventeen interviews with mothers of children (9–14 years; 16 with a diagnosis of dyslexia) were analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach.AnalysisFive themes were developed to address our aim: Theme 1: Years in the wilderness: Life before diagnosis; 2: “I struggle at times to see her struggle”; 3. School struggles: Advocating for our children and managing distress; 4. “It's a full‐time job” and a “long slog”; 5: Care for the carer: Social support and coping strategies.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that mothers of children with dyslexia may be at elevated risk for mental health concerns. Specifically, chronic worry and stress, secondary distress, challenges to parenting self‐efficacy, and lack of support and understanding (feeling isolated) were highlighted as plausible risk factors. Mothers described coping strategies at the community level (e.g., school connectedness) and at the individual level (e.g., “acceptance”) as protective.
Determinants of natal dispersal distances in North American birds
Authors: Chu Jonathan J. , Claramunt Santiago 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatal dispersal—the movement from birth site to first breeding site—determines demographic and population genetic dynamics and has important consequences for ecological and evolutionary processes. Recent work suggested that one of the main factors determining natal dispersal distances is the cost of locomotion. We evaluated this hypothesis using band recovery data to estimate natal dispersal distances for 50 North American bird species. We then analyzed the relationships between dispersal distances and a suite of morphological and ecological predictors, including proxies for the cost of locomotion (flight efficiency), using phylogenetic regression models. We found that flight efficiency, population size, and habitat influence natal dispersal distances. We discuss how the effects of population size and habitat can also be related to mobility and locomotion. Our findings are consistent with a predominant effect of adaptations for mobility on dispersal distances.
Geographical, temporal, and individual‐based differences in the trophic ecology of female Cape fur seals
Authors: Botha Jonathan A. , Trueman Clive N. , Kirkman Stephen P. , Arnould John P. Y. , Lombard Amanda T. , Connan Maëlle , Hofmeyr G. J. Greg , Seakamela S. Mduduzi , Pistorius Pierre A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInformation on resource use and trophic dynamics of marine predators is important for understanding their role in ecosystem functioning and predicting population‐level responses to environmental change. Where separate populations experience different local environmental conditions, geographic variability in their foraging ecology is often expected. Within populations, individuals also vary in morphology, physiology, and experience, resulting in specialization in resource use. In this context, isotopic compositions of incrementally grown tissues such as keratinous hairs offer a valuable opportunity to study long‐term variation in resource and habitat use. We investigated the trophic ecology of female Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) using carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of serially sampled whiskers collected at four breeding sites along the coast of South Africa. Drawing on over 900 isotopic measurements, we assessed geographic variability in isotopic niche width between colonies and the degree of individual specialization. We found slight, but clear geographic differences in isotopic ratios and isotopic niche widths, seemingly related to ecological setting, with niche widths being proportional to the area of available shelf and shelf‐slope habitat surrounding the colony. We further identified periodic oscillations in isotopic ratios, which likely reflect temporal patterns in foraging distribution and prey type, linked to shifts in the availability of prey resources and their interaction with constraints on individual females throughout their breeding cycle. Finally, individual specialization indices revealed that each of the study populations contain specialist individuals that utilize only a small subset of the total population niche width. The degree of individual specialization was, however, not consistent across colonies and may reflect an interactive influence between density‐dependent effects and habitat heterogeneity. Overall, this study provides important information on the trophic ecology of Cape fur seals breeding in South Africa and highlights the need to consider geographic and individual variability when assessing the foraging ecology of marine predators.
Large‐scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region
Authors: Morant Jon , Arrondo Eneko , Sánchez‐Zapata José Antonio , Donázar José Antonio , Cortés‐Avizanda Ainara , De La Riva Manuel , Blanco Guillermo , Martínez Félix , Oltra Juan , Carrete Martina , Margalida Antoni , Oliva‐Vidal Pilar , Martínez José Maria , Serrano David , Pérez‐García Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantifying space use and segregation, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species‐specific movement ecology and to design effective management and conservation measures. This is particularly relevant in the case of species that are highly mobile and dependent on sparse and unpredictable trophic resources, such as vultures. Here, we used the GPS‐tagged data of 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions in Spain to describe the movement patterns (home‐range size and fidelity, and monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, and breeding region determined the cumulative distance traveled and the size and overlap between consecutive monthly home‐ranges. Overall, Griffon Vultures exhibited very large annual home‐range sizes of 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean monthly cumulative distances of 1776 ± 1497 km, and showed a monthly home‐range fidelity of 67.8 ± 25.5%. However, individuals from northern breeding regions showed smaller home‐ranges and traveled shorter monthly distances than those from southern ones. In all cases, home‐ranges were larger in spring and summer than in winter and autumn, which could be related to difference in flying conditions and food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females showed larger home‐ranges and less monthly fidelity than males, indicating that the latter tended to use the similar areas throughout the year. Overall, our results indicate that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors modulate the home‐range of the Griffon Vulture and that spatial segregation depends on sex and season at the individual level, without relevant differences between breeding regions in individual site fidelity. These results have important implications for conservation, such as identifying key threat factors necessary to improve management actions and policy decisions.
Spatiotemporal risk factors predict landscape‐scale survivorship for a northern ungulate
Authors: Eacker Daniel R. , Jakes Andrew F. , Jones Paul F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective wildlife conservation requires decomposing the drivers of population dynamics for species affected by anthropogenic habitat alterations. Ungulates are often the focus of management actions to restore habitat and maintain connectivity as they are sensitive to landscape disturbances. We used Bayesian proportional hazards models to assess anthropogenic risk factors that could potentially predict landscape‐scale survivorship for pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Northern Sagebrush Steppe ecosystem, where extensive habitat alterations occurred from the conversion of native sagebrush grasslands to agricultural lands. Using 170 adult female pronghorn monitored from 2003 to 2011, we tested the importance of linear features (road and fence densities) and forage productivity (maximum decadal normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) for spatiotemporal pronghorn mortality risk, while accounting for a seasonally varying proxy of snow depth. We found moderate support for the effects of linear features on mortality risk as coefficient estimates translated to predicted declines in survivorship of 27.1% over the observed range of road densities (0–1.4 km/km2) and 11.8% over the range of fence densities (0–6.1 km/km2) encountered by pronghorn. Our results also suggested that agricultural areas could act as ecological traps for pronghorn, based on mortality risk increasing by a factor of 14.3% with every 0.1 increase in maximum decadal NDVI in summer (range = 0.38–0.73). Like our previous findings, we found considerable support for the effects of average depth (in centimeters) of snow water equivalent (SWE; SWE depth = snow depth × snow density/water density) within pronghorn seasonal ranges, with mortality risk increasing by 45.7% with every 1 cm increase in SWE depth (range = 0–5.37 cm). We then developed the first broadscale, spatially explicit map of predicted annual pronghorn survivorship based on anthropogenic features and environmental gradients to identify areas for conservation and habitat restoration efforts. These efforts to highlight anthropogenic risk factors on the landscape will hopefully support conservation and habitat restoration for pronghorn populations at the northern periphery of their range.
Hemin‐Promoted Direct C−H Thiolation in the Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides
Authors: Li Bao , Wang Junrui , Tu Guangliang , Ju Guodong , Zhou Kehan , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiaryl sulfides are a class of important synthetic chemical units. Herein, we report a new method for direct preparation of diphenyl sulfides using P‐toluenesulfonyl chloride as an effective thiophenyl radical precursor with assistance from Hemin. Various substituted anisoles and benzenesulfonyl chlorides are well tolerated, resulting in moderate to good yields of diaryl sulfides. The potential of the proposed method is validated by good yields obtained in gram scale reactions.
Personalized pain management: Is it time for process‐based therapy for particular people with chronic pain?
Authors: McCracken Lance M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePsychological treatments for chronic pain have helped many people around the world. They are among the most researched and best evidenced treatments a person can receive when they have persistent, disabling and distressing pain. At the same time, improvements in the effectiveness of these treatments appear to be at a standstill. This may be due to an inherent lack of generalizability from aggregated group data to the individual, limited utility of our current schemes for categorizing people with pain conditions, faced with their inherent heterogeneity, our relatively coarse categories of treatment types and focus on treatment packages rather than individual methods, and our current failures to find adequate predictors of outcome, or to assign people their best‐suited treatment methods, based on group data. In this review, it is argued that the development and examination of truly personalized treatment is a next logical step to create progress and improve the results people achieve.MethodsKey research studies pertaining to psychological treatments, treatment outcome, heterogeneity in chronic pain, prediction of treatment outcome, subtyping and treatment tailoring are reviewed.Results and ConclusionIt is suggested that development of future treatments for chronic pain ought to incorporate an idiographic, process‐based approach, focused on evidence‐based mechanisms of change, individually and dynamically addressed, based on contextually sensitive ongoing assessment. Knowledge and practical solutions needed to make process‐based therapy for chronic pain happen are discussed.SignificancePsychological approaches to chronic pain have been highly successful in the past but improvement in the effectiveness of these over time is slow to nonexistent. It is argued here that this has happened due to a failure to adequately consider the individual. Future psychological treatments for chronic pain ought to incorporate an idiographic, process‐based approach, focused on evidence‐based mechanisms of change, individually and dynamically addressed, grounded in ongoing contextually sensitive assessment.
Establishing copper‐zinc alloying strategy via active screen plasma toward stabilized zinc metal anode
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Kehua , Zhu Xiao , Huang Zhiquan , Chen Daming , Sun Shangqi , Chen Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe problematic Zn dendrite for Zn anodes remains a great challenge. Constructing an artificial Cu‐Zn alloy layer is one of the most potential solutions. However, it is still challenging to prepare an ideal Cu‐Zn alloy layer with good morphology and controllable thickness. Herein, a special plasma‐based method of active screen plasma (ASP) is first reported to create a hexagonal close‐packed CuZn5 alloy layer with controllable morphology and thickness. Meanwhile, a “vaporization‐redeposition” mode is proposed to illustrate the alloying process. Based upon system analysis, the CuZn5 layer with good uniformity and appropriate thickness can regulate the behavior of Zn‐ion at electrode/electrolyte interface. The former homogenizes the electric field distribution, while the latter enhances de‐solvation ability of Zn‐ion, facilitating Zn‐ion diffusion. Consequently, the CuZn5‐coated Zn anodes display lower polarization potential and longer cycling life. Such CuZn5‐coated Zn anodes enable an outstanding cycle stability for Zn‐based devices, and the pouch devices also deliver practicality.image