bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Characterization of Radiation Sensors Based on Single Crystals of Hybrid Metal–Organic Methylammonium Lead Bromide and Iodide Perovskite
Authors: Murgulov Valeria , Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald , Fiederle Michael , Franc Jan , Dědič Václav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe inverse temperature (T)‐dependent methods yield single crystals of methylammonium lead halide perovskite with strained lattices. In contrast, the antisolvent diffusion method (antisolvent‐vapor crystallization (AVC)) produces unstrained MAPbBr3 crystals with more uniform growth features and lower density of defects. The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm the cubic and the tetragonal structure of the MAPbBr3 and the MAPbI3 samples, respectively. The XRD pole figure measurements (MAPbBr3) reveal a roughly parallel dominant (100) lattice plane to the sample surface. An optimal crystal growth combines growth of a seed on an oriented substrate by the AVC method followed by either the AVC or a T‐dependent method. The estimated resistivity ρ and the density of trap state ntrap values for the MAPbI3 samples are 107 Ωcm and 1010 cm−3, respectively. The X‐ray detection test reveals promising electrical properties of the MAPbI3 material. Results from the Hall measurements in van der Pauw geometry for the MAPbBr3 samples agree with those in the literature: the charge‐carrier concentration of 109−1010 cm−3 and the mobility of 7–289 cm2 V−1 s−1, ntrap of 109−1010 cm−3, and ρ of 107–108 Ωcm. These electrical parameters indicate that the MAPbBr3 samples satisfy requirements for radiation sensors.
Visible‐Light‐Initiated Air‐Oxygenation of Alkylarenes to Carbonyls Mediated by Carbon Tetrabromide in Water
Authors: Bo Chunbo , Li Min , Chen Fei , Liu Jichang , Dai Bin , Liu Ning 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynthesizing benzyl skeleton derivatives via direct oxidation of functionalized benzylic C−H bonds has received extensive research attention. Herein, a method was developed to prepare carbonyl compounds via photoinduced aerobic oxidation of ubiquitous benzylic C−H bonds mediated by bromine radicals and tribromomethane radicals. This method employed commercially available CBr4 as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent precursor, air as an oxidant, water as a reaction solvent, and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAPC) as an additive under mild conditions. A series of substrates bearing different functional groups was converted to aromatic carbonyls in moderate to good yields. Moreover, a low environmental factor (E‐factor value=0.45) showed that the proposed method is ecofriendly and environmentally sustainable.
A novel system matrix building algorithm for stability analysis of interconnected DC microgrids
Authors: K Jithin , N Mayadevi , R Harikumar , VP Mini 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDC microgrids (DCMGs) are achieving critical significance these days because of their colossal benefits as compared with the existing AC systems. However, with the high penetration of sources interfaced to the grid using various power electronic converters (PECs), stability is often a crucial issue, especially during the interconnected operation of microgrids (MGs). Hence, before the interconnection of DCMGs, the stability of the resultant system needs to be guaranteed. In this work, a novel step‐by‐step procedure, which does not require a complete rebuilding of the system matrix when a new DCMG is added through a distribution line to the cluster, is proposed. Furthermore, stability analysis of the individual DCMGs and the cluster is performed from a control system perspective using the eigenvalue method. From the analysis, it is seen that, even though the individual DCMG units operate as a stable system, the resulting clusters may not be stable. The stability issues of the cluster are resolved by tuning the controller parameters with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results reveal the importance of stability analysis and the selection of optimum controller gains for the reliable operation of DCMG clusters. Also, the algorithm is verified using simulation in MATLAB/Simulink environment and real‐time experiment using OPAL‐RT simulator.
Calculations of polytropic coefficient for the Tonks–Langmuir Electron‐ion plasma with non‐Maxwellian electron distributions
Authors: Kamran Muhammad , Khan Majid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of the Tonks and Langmuir‐type bounded plasma requires a closure relation to make the system of equations self‐consistent. Fluid equations are obtained from the moments of velocity distribution function. The two most frequently used closure relations are (a) completely neglecting ion temperature, and (b) setting a constant value for the ion polytropic coefficient. It has been shown that, for a Maxwellian source, either of these assumptions leads to erroneous results. Here, the premise of polytropic coefficient being afunctionof the potential is extended to a nonthermal plasma. Two different cases for the electron velocity distribution function are studied, namely (a) the Kappa distribution, and (b) the Cairns distribution. Number density(ni)and temperature(Ti)for the ions are numerically calculated, for respective spectral indices. The polytropic coefficient is then calculated as a function of the potential, using the relationγi = 1 + (ni/Ti)(dTi/dni). It is concluded that better approximations, vetted by kinetic means, to the polytropic coefficient are crucial for appropriate closure of fluid equations. Present work will be useful in fusion devices where non‐Maxwellian electrons may exist due to various physical phenomena.
Shared bottleneck detection based on trend line regression for multipath transmission
Authors: Zhang Songyang , Lei Weimin , Zhang Wei , zhan Yuzhuo , Li Hao 
Published: September 2023

SummaryCurrent proposed congestion control algorithms for multipath transmission couple all subflows together to maintain bottleneck fairness by assuming that the subflows traverse a common bottleneck. The coupled form congestion control algorithms restrict the multipath session to gain better throughput in non‐shared bottleneck situation. The throughput of a multipath session following independent rate control is larger than the throughput achieved by coupled form congestion control algorithm. The key point is to find a method to detect whether flows share a common bottleneck. If the subflows of a multipath session are detected out traversing a common bottleneck, the sender could perform coupled congestion control algorithm to guarantee bottleneck fairness and follow independent congestion control algorithm otherwise to improve throughput. Deduced from fluid model of additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) rule, the delay samples can be linearly fitted when the bottleneck link falls into congestion. A delay trend line regression (TR) method is proposed for shared bottleneck detection. The delay slopes in close proximity indicate that the flows traverse the same bottleneck in great probability. Extensive simulations are performed to validate the effectiveness of TR algorithm in shared bottleneck detection. It is further implemented in multipath QUIC Golang codebase to work in collaboration with linked increases algorithm (LIA). Results show a multipath QUIC session with two subflows can gain higher throughput in non‐shared bottleneck situation and is less aggressive in shared bottleneck cases with the implementation of shared bottleneck detection algorithm.
Two policies for wireless non‐orthogonal multiple access systems: System model and performance enhancement of far user
Authors: Le Chi‐Bao , Do Dinh Thuan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryDevice‐to‐device (D2D)‐enabled non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is introduced as promising candidate to support massive connectivity and satisfy the high‐throughput demand. In this paper, two schemes are investigated for situations associated with D2D users and interference from traditional cellular users. The base station equipped multiple antennas is designed to exploit higher diversity gain and make full use of spectrum resources with NOMA technique. Especially, performance improvement can be achieved as enabling D2D link and signal reception of the far user (FU) on cell‐edge area. We study two policies related to downlink and uplink of such D2D NOMA system. The simulation results indicate that the improved ergodic capacity and outage performance can be achieved at FU with more antennas at the base station and higher allocated power factor. In addition, the D2D‐enabled NOMA can significantly improve the spectral efficiency.
An energy‐aware approach for resource managing in the fog‐basedInternet of Thingsusing a hybrid algorithm
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Zhang Zhijun , Arefzadeh Seyedeh Maryam 
Published: September 2023

SummaryRegarding the recent information technology improvement, the fog computing (FC) emergence increases the ability of computational equipment and supplies modern solutions for traditional industrial applications. In the fog environment, Internet of Things (IoT) applications are completed by computing nodes that are intermediate in the fog, and the physical servers in data centers of the cloud. From the other side, because of resource constraints, dynamic nature, resource heterogeneity, and volatility of fog environment, resource management problems must be considered as one of the challenging issues of fog. The resource managing problem is an NP‐hard issue, so, in the current article, a powerful hybrid algorithm for managing resources in FC‐based IoT is proposed using an ant colony optimization (ACO) and a genetic algorithm (GA). GAs are computationally costly because of some problems such as the lack of guarantee for obtaining optimal solutions. Then, the precision and speed of convergence can be optimized by the ACO algorithm. Therefore, the powerful affirmative feedback pros of ACO on the convergence rate is considered. The algorithm uses GA's universal investigation power, and then it is transformed into ACO primary pheromone. This algorithm outperforms ACO and GA under equal conditions, as the simulation experiments showed.
Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm‐based Effective Localization of Non‐Line‐of‐Sight Nodes for Reliable Data Dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Authors: A. Christy Jeba Malar , M. Deva Priya , Janakiraman Sengathir 
Published: September 2023

SummaryVehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is considered as the appropriate candidate for provisioning risk‐free environment that confirms secure cooperation and very minimal congestion among the vehicular nodes in the network. The establishment and maintenance of connectivity between vehicular nodes are determined to be influenced by the existence of Non‐Line‐of‐Sight (NLOS) nodes that introduce channel congestion and broadcasting storm into the network during emergency message delivery. Thus, NLOS nodes need to be localized with optimality for enhancing the emergency data delivery rate with minimized latency degree and energy consumption in the network. In this paper, Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm (HHOA)‐based NLOS nodes Localization Scheme (NLOS‐LS) (HHOA‐NLOS‐LS) is proposed for facilitating reliable data dissemination among vehicular nodes under emergency situations. HHOA utilizes chasing styles and cooperative behavior of Harris hawks termed as surprise pounce for efficient localization based on reference nodes. In particular, the intelligent strategy of Harris hawks' behavior in attacking the prey in all directions is included for localizing the NLOS nodes from the reference nodes positioned in all directions of the network. It is capable of localizing the NLOS nodes based on adaptive localizing (chasing) styles attained through reference nodes dependingon the dynamic nature of NLOS nodes. The simulation results prove that the mean localization rate is improved by 23.21%, mean neighborhood awareness rate by 19.82%, mean emergency message delivery rate by 18.32% and mean channel utilization by 17.28% when compared to the baseline Weighted Inertia‐based Dynamic Virtual Bat Algorithm (WIDVBA)‐based NLOS‐LS (WIDVBA‐NLOS‐LS), Cooperative Volunteer Vehicular Nodes (CVVN)‐based NLOS‐LS (CVVN‐NLOS‐LS), Vote Selection Mechanisms and Probabilistic Data Association (VSMPDA)‐based NLOS‐LS (VSMPDA‐NLOS‐LS), and Weighted Distance Hyperbolic Prediction (WDHP)‐based NLOS‐LS (WDHP‐NLOS‐LS) for a varying number of vehicular nodes in the network.
Changes in smoking status, amount of smoking and their relation to the risk of microvascular complications in men with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Park Sung Keun , Kim Min‐Ho , Jung Ju Young , Oh Chang‐Mo , Ha Eunhee , Nam Do Jin , Yang Eun Hye , Hwang Woo Yeon , Lee Sangho , Ryoo Jae‐Hong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is a definite risk factor for macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the effect of smoking on microvascular complications is inconclusive.MethodStudy participants were 26,673 diabetic men who received health check‐up both in 2003–2004 and 2009, excluding women. Assessing smoking status (never, quitting and current) at 2003–2004 and 2009, changes in smoking status were categorised into 7 groups (never ‐ never, never ‐ quitting, never ‐ current, quitting—quitting, quitting—current, current—quitting and current—current). Smoking amount was categorised into never, light (0–10 pack years), moderate (10–20 pack years), and heavy smoking (>20 pack years) based on 2009 data. They were followed‐up until 2013 to identify incident microvascular complications. We calculated the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (adjusted HR [95% CI]) for incident microvascular complications according to changes in smoking status and smoking amount.ResultsCurrent‐quitting (1.271 [1.050–1.538]), current‐current (1.243 [1.070–1.444]) and heavy smoking (1.238 [1.078–1.422]) were associated with an increased risk of overall microvascular complications. The risk of nephropathy increased in current‐current smoking (1.429 [1.098–1.860]) and heavy smoking (1.357 [1.061–1.734]). An increased risk of neuropathy was observed in current‐quitting smoking (1.360 [1.076–1.719]), current‐current smoking (1.237 [1.025–1.492]) and heavy smoking (1.246 [1.048–1.481]). However, we couldn’t see the interpretable findings for the association between smoking and retinopathy.ConclusionsLasting and heavy smoking increases the risk of microvascular complications, including nephropathy and neuropathy. Quitting smoking and reducing smoking amount are imperative in preventing microvascular complications in DM patients.
Managing the common problem of co‐occurring mental health conditions in eating disorders: A commentary on Wade et al. (2023)
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Crosby Ross D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is well known that individuals with an eating disorder frequently experience a wide range of co‐occurring mental health conditions which significantly impact eating disorders and quality of life. Clinicians attempt a variety of strategies to deal with the behavioral complexity of such co‐occurrence, but little is known about empirically based interventions to treat this common comorbidity. The approach articulated by Wade and Colleagues highlights a potentially valuable strategy for empirically examining a range of treatment strategies to target the full spectrum of eating disorder psychopathology experienced by most patients with eating disorders.
Self‐management interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis protocol
Authors: Heidari‐Soureshjani Reza , Nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , Zakerimoghadam Masoumeh , Mohammadi Tayeb , Rasti Arezoo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsEducational self‐management interventions (SMI) have an important role in improving symptom management, preventing relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS) and promoting quality of life (QoL) of these patients; since there is little knowledge about overall effectiveness of MS self‐management programs and which types of SMI improves the outcomes, this research aims to assess the efficacy of structured SMI in improving health outcomes in people with MS (PwMS) by synthesizing and compare outcomes from related randomized controlled trials.MethodsIn the present systematic review protocol, the keywords related to self‐management and MS will be searched in electronic databases including (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL]), gray literature resources and key journals from 2000 to July 2023. Research‐related articles will be collected and after removing duplicate articles, will be included in the study. In the screening step, titles and abstracts of articles will be reviewed and after deleting irrelevant articles, the full text of related articles will be evaluated independently by two researchers and data will be extracted from final articles and the findings will be categorized in an extraction table. Risk of bias will be assessed by using the Cochrane collaboration's tool. If possible, the data will be analyzed using random effect models and the statistical analysis will be performed using STATA software (version 14.2) developed by StataCorp.DiscussionComparative effectiveness of SMI is currently unknown. We will analyze outcome measures used to assess effectiveness of self‐management education in improving QoL, depression, self‐efficacy, pain, and fatigue. These findings will help identify the most promising components of SMIs, guiding targeted interventions for specific subpopulations, and facilitating the design of better interventions.
COVID‐19 vaccines and their underbelly: Are we going the right way?
Authors: Satapathy Bhabani Sankar , Pattnaik Gurudutta , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Pattanaik Sovan , Sarangi Ashish K. , Kandi Venkataramana , Mishra Snehasish , Rabaan Ali A. , Mohanty Aroop , Sah Ranjit , Mohapatra Ranjan K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, a critical aetiological agent of health concern stays till eternity after its discovery, so shall it be with the COVID‐19 outbreak. It has transformed human life to a ‘new normal’ with huge tolls on the social, psychological, intellectual and financial spheres.AimThis perspective aimed to collate numerous reported COVID‐19 vaccine‐associated adverse events and the predisposing factors. It focussed on the efficacy of mix‐n‐match (cocktail) vaccines to effectively counter COVID‐19 infection to facilitate future research and possible interventions.Material and MethodsDatabases like Scopus, Pubmed and the Web‐of‐science were searched for published literature on ‘adverse events associated with COVID‐19 vaccine’. The reports and updates from health agencies like the WHO and CDC were also considered for the purpose. The details with respect to the adverse events associated with COVID‐19 vaccination and the predisposing factors were compiled to obtain insights and suggest possible future directions in vaccine research.ResultsIndia stood strong to manage its health resources in time and turned into a dominant global vaccine supplier at a time when healthcare infrastructure of many countries was still significantly challenged. Developing indigenous vaccines and the vaccination drive in India were its major achievements during the second and the subsequent COVID‐19 waves. The fully indigenous Covaxin vaccine, primarily as an emergency intervention, was successfully rapidly launched. Similar such vaccines for emergency use were developed elsewhere as well. However, all of these reached the marketplace with a ‘emergency use only’ tag, without formal clinical trials and other associated formalities to validate and verify them as these would require much longer incubation time before they are available for human use.DiscussionMany adverse events associated with either the first or the second/booster vaccination doses were reported. Evidently, these associated adverse events were considered as ‘usually rare’ or were often underreported. Without the additional financial or ethical burden on the vaccine companies, fortunately, the Phase IV (human) clinical trials of their manufactured vaccines are occurring by default as the human population receives these under the tag ‘emergency use’. Thus, focused and collaborative strategies to unveil the molecular mechanisms in vaccine‐related adverse events in a time‐bound manner are suggested.ConclusionReliable data particularly on the safety of children is lacking as majority of the current over‐the‐counter COVID‐19 vaccines were for emergency use. Many of these were still in their Phase III and Phase IV trials. The need for a mutant‐proof, next‐gen COVID‐19 vaccine in the face of vaccine‐associated adverse events is opined.
Application of CT pulmonary angiography and echocardiography in acute pulmonary embolism: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sametzadeh Mozhgan , Dadgostar Sahar , Hanafi Mohammad Ghasem , Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary Embolism (PE) is an acute and potentially fatal condition defined as the blockage of pulmonary arteries by an embolism that can be from various origins.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the findings of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and echocardiography in patients with acute PE.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included some patients with clinical manifestations of PE who underwent CTPA and echocardiography. The radiologic findings, PE severity, and outcome of the patients were recorded. Moreover, echocardiography was performed by an expert cardiologist using a high‐resolution device, while CTPA was performed by an expert radiologist using a 16‐slice device and a two‐step selective test bolus method.ResultsAccording to our findings, a total number of 147 patients were diagnosed with PE, including 44 (29.93%), 44 (29.93%), and 59 (40.14%) cases of mild, moderate, and severe PE, respectively. Moreover, 25 patients (17%) finally expired due to PE. Regarding the CTPA findings, 31 patients (21.1%) had septum flattening, while 35 (23.8%) had a septum deviation toward the left ventricle. Also, there were significant correlations between mortality and some CTPA findings, including severe PE (p < 0.001), the presence of septal deviation (p = 0.007), and higher diameters of the main pulmonary artery (p < 0.001) and right ventricle (p = 0.008).ConclusionCTPA is a valid and accessible modality for diagnosing and evaluating PE in suspected patients. Moreover, several findings in CTPA could predict adverse outcomes, such as death, in patients with PE.