bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and provenance of beach sands in La Graciosa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria Islands (eastern Canary Islands, Spain): a review
Authors: Mangas J. , Pérez-Chacón Espino E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, a review of petrographic studies in recent decades on 50 sandy beach samples of the eastern Canary Islands (La Graciosa, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Gran Canaria) has been carried out in order to know the composition and provenance of the sand grains. The sandy samples are intertidal and most are related to beach-dune systems with coastal desert and arid climates. Thus, these samples contain different proportions of calcareous bioclast, intraclast and volcaniclast grains, with the latter coming from different source areas associated with the building stages of the islands (shield, decline, erosive and rejuvenation). In general, the calcareous bioclasts are mostly fragments of red coralline algae and molluscs, with the appearance of occasional grains of echinoderms, foraminifera and bryozoans. The lithoclasts are essentially fragments of ultramafic and mafic alkaline rocks (basanite and basalt) from the shield and rejuvenation stages and to a lesser extent trachytic-phonolitic felsic rocks from the decline stage, while there are few mafic (olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, and amphibole) and felsic (feldspar) mineral grains. The intraclasts are fragments of coastal sedimentary rocks such as beachrocks, eolianites, and paleosols. The abundance percentages depend on geographic and geological factors in each coastal zone. In general, the beaches studied in La Graciosa, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura contain higher percentages of bioclasts than lithoclasts. However, volcaniclasts are more abundant than bioclasts in Gran Canaria, and sand grains of trachytic-phonolitic composition appear only on this island. Finally, urban and semi-urban beaches were found to have fewer bioclasts than natural ones.
Hazard Assessment and Hazard Mapping for Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hemoud Ali , Al-Enezi Abdulla , Al-Dashti Hassan , Petrov Peter , Misak Raafat , AlSaraf Manar , Malek Mariam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHazard maps are essential tools to aid decision makers in land-use planning, sustainable infrastructure development, and emergency preparedness. Despite the availability of historical data, there has been no attempt to produce hazard maps for Kuwait. In cooperation with the World Bank, this study investigated the natural and anthropogenic hazards that affect Kuwait. The objective was to assess the hazards that face Kuwait and map the hazards of most concern. Hazard maps depicting the spatial distribution of hazard-prone areas are discussed in this article. Hazard assessment maps were generated using multiple datasets and techniques, including meteorological data, satellite imagery, and GIS. Hazard profiling identified a total of 25 hazards, of which five “priority” hazards were explored in detail: (1) surface water flooding; (2) dust storms and sand encroachment; (3) drought; (4) air pollution; and (5) oil spills. The results of this study can aid decision makers in targeting the hazards of most concern. The developed maps are valuable tools for emergency response and hazard mitigation.
A Note on Cohen’s d From a Partitioned Linear Regression Model
Authors: Groß Jürgen , Möller Annette 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this note, we introduce a generalized formula for Cohen’s d under the presence of additional independent variables, providing a measure for the size of a possible effect concerning the size of a difference location effect of a variable in two groups. This is done by employing the so-called Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem in a partitioned linear regression model. The generalization is motivated by demonstrating the relationship to appropriate t and F statistics. Our discussion is further illustrated by inference about a publicly available data set.
From ethical AI frameworks to tools: a review of approaches
Authors: Prem Erich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn reaction to concerns about a broad range of potential ethical issues, dozens of proposals for addressing ethical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) have been published. However, many of them are too abstract for being easily translated into concrete designs for AI systems. The various proposed ethical frameworks can be considered an instance of principlism that is similar to that found in medical ethics. Given their general nature, principles do not say how they should be applied in a particular context. Hence, a broad range of approaches, methods, and tools have been proposed for addressing ethical concerns of AI systems. This paper presents a systematic analysis of more than 100 frameworks, process models, and proposed remedies and tools for helping to make the necessary shift from principles to implementation, expanding on the work of Morley and colleagues. This analysis confirms a strong focus of proposed approaches on only a few ethical issues such as explicability, fairness, privacy, and accountability. These issues are often addressed with proposals for software and algorithms. Other, more general ethical issues are mainly addressed with conceptual frameworks, guidelines, or process models. This paper develops a structured list and definitions of approaches, presents a refined segmentation of the AI development process, and suggests areas that will require more attention from researchers and developers.
Climate Change Risk and Climate Justice in France: The High Administrative Court as Janus or Prometheus?
Authors: Torre-Schaub Marta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change emergency requires rapide and determined action. The procrastination of the French state is not without consequences. One of them is that the High Administrative Court (Conseil d'Etat) found that climate risk is not taken seriously enough and is insufficiently addressed. In two decisions ruled in 2020 and 2021, the Conseil d'Etat in France had the opportunity to express itself on these issues. This is the case known as “Grande Synthe”, referring to the city that filed the petition before the High Court, in an appeal for “exces de pouvoir” –exces of power -, asking the administration to take further action in the fight against climate change. Civil society in France is indeed becoming impatient and taking legal action challenging the lack of ambition of the State in climate matters. The decision commented here will no doubt serve as a model for other similar decisions and for other European countries. It will lead to an increase of climate litigation in France and abroad.
Promises and challenges in pharmacoepigenetics
Authors: Smith Delaney A. , Sadler Marie C. , Altman Russ B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, the study of how interindividual genetic differences affect drug response, does not explain all observed heritable variance in drug response. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, and histone acetylation may account for some of the unexplained variances. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and can be suitable drug targets and can impact the action of nonepigenetic drugs. Pharmacoepigenetics is the field that studies the relationship between epigenetic variability and drug response. Much of this research focuses on compounds targeting epigenetic mechanisms, called epigenetic drugs, which are used to treat cancers, immune disorders, and other diseases. Several studies also suggest an epigenetic role in classical drug response; however, we know little about this area. The amount of information correlating epigenetic biomarkers to molecular datasets has recently expanded due to technological advances, and novel computational approaches have emerged to better identify and predict epigenetic interactions. We propose that the relationship between epigenetics and classical drug response may be examined using data already available by (1) finding regions of epigenetic variance, (2) pinpointing key epigenetic biomarkers within these regions, and (3) mapping these biomarkers to a drug-response phenotype. This approach expands on existing knowledge to generate putative pharmacoepigenetic relationships, which can be tested experimentally. Epigenetic modifications are involved in disease and drug response. Therefore, understanding how epigenetic drivers impact the response to classical drugs is important for improving drug design and administration to better treat disease.
ON GUILLERA’S -SERIES FOR
Authors: CAMPBELL JOHN M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2011, Guillera [‘A new Ramanujan-like series for
$1/\pi ^2$
’, Ramanujan J.26 (2011), 369–374] introduced a remarkable rational
${}_{7}F_{6}( \frac {27}{64} )$
-series for
${1}/{\pi ^2}$
using the Wilf–Zeilberger (WZ) method, and Chu and Zhang later proved this evaluation using an acceleration method based on Dougall’s
${}_{5}F_{4}$
-sum. Another proof of Guillera’s
${}_{7}F_{6}( \frac {27}{64} )$
-series was given by Guillera in 2018, and this subsequent proof used a recursive argument involving Dougall’s sum together with the WZ method. Subsequently, Chen and Chu introduced a q-analogue of Guillera’s
${}_{7}F_{6}( \frac {27}{64} )$
-series. The many past research articles concerning Guillera’s
${}_{7}F_{6}( \frac {27}{64} )$
-series for
${1}/{\pi ^2}$
naturally lead to questions about similar results for other mathematical constants. We apply a WZ-based acceleration method to prove new rational
${}_{7}F_{6}( \frac {27}{64} )$
- and
${}_{6}F_{5}( \frac {27}{64} )$
-series for
$\sqrt {2}$
.
Hyperbole and the Cost of Discipleship: A Case Study of Luke 14:26
Authors: Llewelyn Stephen Robert , Robinson Will 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLuke 14:26 has commonly been viewed as an example of hyperbole. This article applies modern studies on hyperbole that hold as its principle criteria both a scalar property and an evaluative/expressive function. We apply these criteria, analyzing Luke 14:26 in terms of encoded language, co-text, and context. We argue that hyperbole arises from the choice to use “hate” rather than “love more than” but also that the hyperbolic usage relies on a cause for effect (emotion for emotional response) metonym.1 In terms of language, we show that “hate” has variant meanings that may be different in their degrees of encoding. In terms of co-text, we argue that Luke’s use of “hate” and Matthew’s use of “love more than” are relevantly chosen; in other words, they are suited to and to be interpreted against their co-texts.
What’s in a commercial meal kit? Structured review of Australian meal kits
Authors: McKay Fiona H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjective:The aim of this project is to review the products and recipes contained within popular subscription meal kits to determine if they are suitable for wider use among people who are food insecure.Design:Across the 6-week period, weekly meal kits from both HelloFresh and Markey Spoon were purchased, resulting in thirty-six individual meals that were prepared and assessed. Meals were assessed based on the content included in the meal kit compared with the recipe card and the nutrition panel, the costs of the individual foods if purchased at one of two major supermarkets and the ease of preparation.Setting:Australia.Participants:Households were comprised of two, 2-person households who were provided with 2 meals each week, and two, single-person households who were provided with one meal each week.Results:The findings of this research suggest that while the meal kits are convenient and, in general, the recipes are easy to follow, and the meals would be made again, the high levels of salt and fat may preclude these kits from regular inclusion in a healthy diet. The meal kits were also found to be more costly than the same ingredients if purchased from a major supermarket. However, the convenience of having most of the foods needed to prepare a full meal with little to no wastage may counterbalance this cost.Conclusions:Meal kits may be a useful component of a healthy diet, that can increase meals prepared and consumed in the home, and thanks to the clear instructions and pre-portioned ingredients, may reduce stress related to food preparation.
Legal Consequentials: an Information Seeking Task
Authors: Gregory Stephen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article is a summary of a parallel session delivered by Stephen Gregory at the BIALL Conference 2022. We may frequently work with amended legislation but have we ever stopped to think about the processes involved in identifying and implementing amendments? Drawing on experiences of working with government lawyers this article explores how government legal information professionals can assist in identifying candidates for consequential amendment. The complexities of searching for references to specific legislation provisions are described, providing some suggested search solutions. A risk-based approach is suggested. He concludes that by working collaboratively government information professionals may add significant value and benefit.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Legal Information Profession within Law Firms
Authors: Stafford Caroline 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the legal information profession within law firm libraries in Britain and Ireland. As the pandemic only began the year before commencing this research, few studies had been conducted on the topic, thereby a clear opening for this study emerged. This study uses a survey research strategy comprised of a mixed methods research approach. Desk research in the form of a literature review opens the study. A questionnaire and 5 semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted. To understand the impact of the pandemic on the legal information profession within law firm libraries, the research objectives break the topic down into 4 areas that give insight into the consequences of the pandemic. The research found that A) working from home was the major impact faced due to the lockdown in spring 2020; B) use and spending on print resources declined; C) the role of legal information professionals has not significantly changed; and D) future legal information professionals will need to upskill due to technological developments and improve the image of the profession. Owing to the recent outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to compare the findings of this research to similar future studies to determine the validity of the results.
Pause for Thought: Designing Video Content that Doesn't Overwhelm Learners
Authors: Brampton Charlie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEasy-to-use software and apps have made video creation achievable and affordable for many library and information professionals. While there are parallels between delivering library training in-person and via a pre-recorded video, video creation does present additional challenges as well as exciting opportunities. This paper, by Charlie Brampton, uses Clark and Mayer's model of cognitive processing as a framework, and explores how video watching can lead to extraneous, essential and generative processing. These three concepts are explored individually, and practical advice is given about controlling each type of processing. The related topic of video accessibility is discussed, from both a legal and a practical perspective.
SHERLOC Raman Mineral Class Detections of the Mars 2020 Crater Floor Campaign
Authors: Corpolongo Andrea , Jakubek Ryan S. , Burton Aaron S. , Brown Adrian J. , Yanchilina Anastasia , Czaja Andrew D. , Steele Andrew , Wogsland Brittan V. , Lee Carina , Flannery David , Baker Desirée , Cloutis Edward A. , Cardarelli Emily , Scheller Eva L. , Berger Eve L. , McCubbin Francis M. , Hollis Joseph Razzell , Hickman‐Lewis Keyron , Steadman Kim , Uckert Kyle , DeFlores Lauren , Kah Linda , Beegle Luther W. , Fries Marc , Minitti Michelle , Haney Nikole C. , Conrad Pamela , Morris Richard V. , Bhartia Rohit , Roppel Ryan , Siljeström Sandra , Asher Sanford A. , Bykov Sergei V. , Sharma Sunanda , Shkolyar Svetlana , Fornaro Teresa , Abbey William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe goals of NASA's Mars 2020 mission include searching for evidence of ancient life on Mars, studying the geology of Jezero crater, understanding Mars' current and past climate, and preparing for human exploration of Mars. During the mission's first science campaign, the Perseverance rover's SHERLOC deep UV Raman and fluorescence instrument collected microscale, two‐dimensional Raman and fluorescence images on 10 natural (unabraded) and abraded targets on two different Jezero crater floor units: Séítah and Máaz. We report SHERLOC Raman measurements collected during the Crater Floor Campaign and discuss their implications regarding the origin and history of Séítah and Máaz. The data support the conclusion that Séítah and Máaz are mineralogically distinct igneous units with complex aqueous alteration histories and suggest that the Jezero crater floor once hosted an environment capable of supporting microbial life and preserving evidence of that life, if it existed.
Samples Collected From the Floor of Jezero Crater With the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover
Authors: Simon J. I. , Hickman‐Lewis K. , Cohen B. A. , Mayhew L. E. , Shuster D. L. , Debaille V. , Hausrath E. M. , Weiss B. P. , Bosak T. , Zorzano M.‐P. , Amundsen H. E. F. , Beegle L. W. , Bell J. F. , Benison K. C. , Berger E. L. , Beyssac O. , Brown A. J. , Calef F. , Casademont T. M. , Clark B. , Clavé E. , Crumpler L. , Czaja A. D. , Fairén A. G. , Farley K. A. , Flannery D. T. , Fornaro T. , Forni O. , Gómez F. , Goreva Y. , Gorin A. , Hand K. P. , Hamran S.‐E. , Henneke J. , Herd C. D. K. , Horgan B. H. N. , Johnson J. R. , Joseph J. , Kronyak R. E. , Madariaga J. M. , Maki J. N. , Mandon L. , McCubbin F. M. , McLennan S. M. , Moeller R. C. , Newman C. E. , Núñez J. I. , Pascuzzo A. C. , Pedersen D. A. , Poggiali G. , Pinet P. , Quantin‐Nataf C. , Rice M. , Rice J. W. , Royer C. , Schmidt M. , Sephton M. , Sharma S. , Siljeström S. , Stack K. M. , Steele A. , Sun V. Z. , Udry A. , VanBommel S. , Wadhwa M. , Wiens R. C. , Williams A. J. , Williford K. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest rocks of the heavily cratered Máaz formation. Surface investigations reveal landscape‐to‐microscopic textural, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence for igneous lithologies, some possibly emplaced as lava flows. The samples contain major rock‐forming minerals such as pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, accessory minerals including oxides and phosphates, and evidence for various degrees of aqueous activity in the form of water‐soluble salt, carbonate, sulfate, iron oxide, and iron silicate minerals. Following sample return, the compositions and ages of these variably altered igneous rocks are expected to reveal the geophysical and geochemical nature of the planet's interior at the time of emplacement, characterize martian magmatism, and place timing constraints on geologic processes, both in Jezero Crater and more widely on Mars. Petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, coupled with geochronology of secondary minerals, can also reveal the timing of aqueous activity as well as constrain the chemical and physical conditions of the environments in which these minerals precipitated, and the nature and composition of organic compounds preserved in association with these phases. Returned samples from these units will help constrain the crater chronology of Mars and the global evolution of the planet's interior, for understanding the processes that formed Jezero Crater floor units, and for constraining the style and duration of aqueous activity in Jezero Crater, past habitability, and cycling of organic elements in Jezero Crater.
Perioperative water and electrolyte balance and water homeostasis regulation in children with acute surgery
Authors: Roberts Daniel N. , Vallén Paula , Cronhjort Maria , Alfvén Tobias , Sandblom Gabriel , Törnroth-Horsefield Susanna , Jensen Boye L. , Lönnqvist Per-Arne , Frithiof Robert , Carlström Mattias , Krmar Rafael T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Hospital-acquired hyponatremia remains a feared event in patients receiving hypotonic fluid therapy. Our objectives were to assess post-operative plasma-sodium concentration and to provide a physiological explanation for plasma-sodium levels over time in children with acute appendicitis.

Methods
Thirteen normonatremic (plasma-sodium ≥135 mmol/L) children (8 males), median age 12.3 (IQR 11.5–13.5) years participated in this prospective observational study (ACTRN12621000587808). Urine was collected and analyzed. Blood tests, including renin, aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and circulating nitric oxide substrates were determined on admission, at induction of anesthesia, and at the end of surgery.

Results
On admission, participants were assumed to be mildly dehydrated and were prescribed 50 mL/kg of Ringer’s acetate intravenously followed by half-isotonic saline as maintenance fluid therapy. Blood tests, urinary indices, plasma levels of aldosterone, arginine-vasopressin, and net water-electrolyte balance indicated that participants were dehydrated on admission. Although nearly 50% of participants still had arginine-vasopressin levels that would have been expected to produce maximum antidiuresis at the end of surgery, electrolyte-free water clearance indicated that almost all participants were able to excrete net free water. No participant became hyponatremic.

Conclusions
The use of moderately hypotonic fluid therapy after correction of extracellular fluid deficit is not necessarily associated with post-operative hyponatremia.

Impact

Our observations show that in acutely ill normonatremic children not only the composition but also the amount of volume infused influence on the risk of hyponatremia.

Our observations also suggest that perioperative administration of hypotonic fluid therapy is followed by a tendency towards hyponatremia if extracellular fluid depletion is left untreated.

After correcting extracellular deficit almost all patients were able to excrete net free water. This occurred despite nearly 50% of the cohort having high circulating plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin at the end of surgery, suggesting a phenomenon of renal escape from arginine-vasopressin-induced antidiuresis.