bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From “Thoughts on March 8” to “Gap” and “The Sufferings of Liping”: Mate Selection and Marriage in Three Works by Yan’an Authors
Authors: Barr Allan H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
During China’s war with Japan from 1937 to 1945, the Communist-controlled border regions in north China saw an influx of progressive, patriotic youth from other parts of the country, bringing these new arrivals into contact with officials and army officers in the Communist power structure. Marriage was one potential outcome of such interactions, but while offering certain advantages it was often seen as problematic, with questions raised about the motives and methods of the parties involved. Given its sensitive nature, the subject of mate choice could only briefly be explored in literary works before an ideological clampdown was imposed in the late spring and summer of 1942. This article examines the key works that addressed the issue at the time and details the criticisms that followed their publication. It begins with a close reading of the relevant passage in “Sanbajie you gan” (Thoughts on March 8), the famous essay by Ding Ling (1904-86), and goes on to consider two stories by younger Yan’an authors, Ma Jia (1910-2004) and Mo Ye (1918-86), who broached the topics of mate choice and marriage shortly before and after Ding Ling wrote her essay. Together these works, published during the relatively liberal period leading up to the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art, reveal some critical fault lines within the revolutionary coalition. To this article is appended a full translation of Mo Ye’s story “Liping de fannao” (The sufferings of Liping), which vividly depicts a young woman’s struggle to reconcile her choice of marriage partner with her self-image as a progressive woman.
Species-specific detection of viable Globodera pallida using real-time reverse transcription PCR
Authors: Sakata Itaru , Kushida Atsuhiko , Toyota Koki 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Globodera pallida is a major pest of potatoes worldwide. In Japan, aiming at eradication of G. pallida, control measures have been implemented in infested fields. To determine the necessity of control measures, the detection of viable G. pallida is required. However, the conventional inoculation test performed in Japan, named the ‘cup test,’ is time-consuming, and conventional PCR methods targeting DNA can detect dead individuals. In this study, we developed an intercalator-based RT-qPCR method for the rapid detection of viable G. pallida. We designed a primer set for the partial cDNA sequence of the Y45F10D.4 gene of G. pallida. This primer set successfully amplified Y45F10D.4 mRNA of all tested G. pallida populations without any cross-reactions with other species. The RT-qPCR method detected RNA corresponding to a minimum of 3.9 G. pallida eggs, and a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentrations of RNA extracted from viable eggs and the Ct values. In addition, no amplification by RT-qPCR was observed in G. pallida treated with 1,3-Dichloropropene, indicating that this method detected viable G. pallida specifically. We then compared the detection sensitivity between the cup test and RT-qPCR method using 24 soil samples, and the results showed that the detection sensitivity of the RT-qPCR method was higher than that of the cup test. The RT-qPCR method enabled the rapid and reliable detection of viable G. pallida.
Description of two new Cryptaphelenchus species from China and Japan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Castillo Pablo , Munawar Maria 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The study aims to provide the morphological and molecular characterisation of two newly discovered Cryptaphelenchus species, namely: C. curvatum n. sp. and C. tumidus n. sp. Morphologically both species are minute nematodes, possess medium-sized stylets with basal knobs laterally directed, and short post-uterine sacs (PUS). Cryptaphelenchus curvatum n. sp. was detected from the local Pinus branch samples and is characterised by having an equal proportion of adult males and females, medium-sized body lengths of females 353 (320-388) μm and males 277 (256-293) μm, lateral fields with four lateral lines, 8-10 μm long stylet, PUS about one vulva body width long and conical posterior body end with a blunt pointed tip. Cryptaphelenchus tumidus n. sp. was detected in a packaging wood sample from Japan and is characterised by having rare male, short body lengths of females 236 (217-270) μm and males 180 μm, obscure lateral fields, stylet 6.8 (6.0-7.5) μm, PUS about half vulva body width long and a slim conical posterior body end with a finely rounded tip. The phylogenetic trees were also constructed based on rRNA gene sequences (D2-D3 segments of the 28S, ITS and 18S) and discussed in detail. Since Cryptaphelenchus species offer multitrophic relationships among their insect vectors and associated microbiota, species recognition and molecular studies of recovered populations will facilitate researchers to determine whether these species might play any ecological roles in insect bionomics or the residing host tree.
Some Reluctant Skepticism about Rational Insight
Authors: Bogardus Tomas , Burton Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
There is much to admire in John Pittard’s recent book on the epistemology of disagreement. But here we develop one concern about the role that rational insight plays in his project. Pittard develops and defends a view on which a party to peer disagreement can show substantial partiality to his own view, so long as he enjoys even moderate rational insight into the truth of his view or the cogency of his reasoning for his view. Pittard argues that this may happen in ordinary cases of religious disagreement—cases in which it’s a live skeptical possibility that one is misdescribing his insight, or not having insight at all—and therefore one need not be strongly conciliatory even in the face of peer disagreement. Yet Pittard agrees that one should be strongly conciliatory in cases of disagreement involving, e.g., visual perception and dim rational insight, since the sort of fallible, corrigible evidence involved in such cases may be counterbalanced by symmetrical evidence on the part of one’s disagreeing peer. We worry that there’s an inconsistency here. If it’s unreasonable to show partiality to one’s visual experience (or dim rational insight) in cases like “Horse Race” and “Restaurant Check,” it’s likewise unreasonable to show partiality in religious disagreements to one’s moderate rational insight, fallible and corrigible as it is.
Susan Isaacs
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

This revised and expanded edition of Susan Isaacs: A Life Freeing the Minds of Children by Philip Graham, provides a comprehensive biography of a highly influential educationist and psychoanalyst. The book covers Isaacs’ childhood through to the end of her life, making it of great interest to historians of British education and of psychoanalysis as well as to practicing early years teachers and psychoanalysts.
Graham describes the origins of the theories behind Isaacs’ work while also placing her contribution into context with other contemporary educationists. He draws on a range of sources including her own published and unpublished papers, multiple archives and intimate letters. Such wealth of information and anecdotes gives an insight into her childhood, marriage, and career creating a deeper understanding of both Isaacs’ personal life and her achievements.
As only the second biography on Isaacs, this book is a valuable resource that shines a light on the life of a figure who has often been neglected in this field of study. It provides a shift away from the various male-dominated accounts currently prevalent within this area of research. Susan Isaacs is crucial reading to raise our awareness and appreciation of the person behind the work, while also highlighting and celebrating the impact she has made on today’s education and psychoanalytic practice.
9. The Wisdom of Ursula Wise
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

In the late 1920s, Susan Isaacs began to give guidance to parents and others, such as nannies or nursery nurses, with responsibility for bringing up children. Her first book for parents, The Nursery Years, which sold well, was published in 1929. In the same year, she began writing a regular column for parents in the magazine, The Nursery World. Her advice was influenced by her psychoanalytic as well as her educational background. Thus, she encouraged parents to consider the possibility of underlying anxieties when looking for the source of behaviour difficulties. She was sympathetic to parents and did not try to minimise the problems they faced.
In contrast, her main competitor in the supply of advice to parents, the behaviourist, John B. Watson, suggested parents based their child -rearing methods purely on reward for appropriate and punishment for undesirable behaviour. Unlike her, Watson took little account of the negative feelings that children experience, their anger, hate and jealousies. Isaacs’s approach was able to give parents greater understanding of their children’s behaviour even if, at times, Watson provided more effective advice on ways of changing behaviour.
10. Teaching the Teachers
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

During the 1930s, Susan and Nathan took led active social lives and took full advantage of the cultural opportunities London provided. They played a significant part in the upbringing of Karina, the daughter of Mallie, Nathan’s sister, who was an erratic, temperamental mother. Susan continued to write for teachers and, in 1932, published The Children We Teach, an inspiring book for teachers, encouraging them to give their pupils ample opportunity to appreciate the natural world around them. Her attachment to the ideas of Melanie Klein persisted and were given full rein in her second book, The Social Development of Young Children which was again based on the notes she had made at the Malting House School.
In late 1932, Susan was asked by Sir Percy Nunn, the Director of the London Institute pf Education, if she would consider becoming Head of a new Department of Child Development he was proposing to establish at the Institute. After initial reluctance, on realising she would be able to continue with part-time psychoanalytic practice, Susan agreed to take up the position in 1933. Her main task was the running of an Advanced Course in Child Development. There were two major interruptions to her work, one when she suffered a period of serious illness in mid-1937 and another, shortly afterwards, when she went as part of a group to lecture on educational topics in Australia and New Zealand.
12. Battling for the Minds of Children
Authors: Graham Philip 
Published: March 2023

Ernest Jones had arranged for Sigmund Freud, his daughter, Anna and other members of his family to be evacuated from Vienna to London in June 1938. This move led to an exacerbation of the tension between the London and Vienna schools. Melanie Klein was bitterly resentful of the invasion of what she saw as her psychoanalytic territory. There was intense competition for training candidates as well as for patients.
In 1942, Susan Isaacs was deeply involved in bringing about changes in the constitution of the British Psychoanalytic Society to ensure power was no longer concentrated in a small number of the older members, especially Edward Glover. In early 1943, the Society set up a series of important discussions, hereafter known as the Controversial Discussions, on the most main points of disagreement between the Freudians and the Kleinians. The first two meetings were focused on Susan Isaacs’s paper on the nature of ‘phantasy’. These drew on Kleinian theory and were strongly criticised by the Freudian group. It took until 1946 before a compromise was reached allowing a separation of training groups allowing both Kleinians and Freudians a strong degree of autonomy.
By this time, Susan had experienced a recurrence of her breast cancer. Her two-year long terminal illness was marked by much painful suffering. Ten months before she died in October 1948, she was awarded the CBE, a recognition of her major contributions to both education and psychoanalysis.
An Energy Budget Framework to Understand Mechanisms of Land–Ocean Warming Contrast Induced by Increasing Greenhouse Gases. Part II: Transient Climate State
Authors: Toda Masaki , Yoshimori Masakazu , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate the land–ocean warming contrast mechanisms, ϕ, defined as the land-mean surface air temperature (SAT) change divided by the ocean-mean SAT change, in a transient climate response (TCR) obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) 1% per year CO2 increase experiments (1pctCO2). The energy budget framework devised in Part I is applied to 15 CMIP6 1pctCO2 simulations, and the climate response in year 140 when the CO2 concentration was quadrupled was compared with a near-equilibrium climate response (NEQ), defined as the last 30-yr mean in the abrupt CO2 quadrupling (abrupt4×CO2) experiments. It is shown that ϕ is larger in TCR than in NEQ by approximately 4%, although the difference is not statistically significant. In TCR, effective radiative forcing is large over land compared to the ocean, and this is the main contributor to ϕ as in NEQ. The time evolution of ϕ in 1pctCO2 can be reconstructed by means of the fast and slow components of climate response in abrupt4×CO2, indicating that the essential mechanism for the land–ocean warming contrast shown in Part I applies to TCR. Furthermore, our analyses reveal a compensation between land-to-ocean atmospheric energy transport that decreases ϕ and ocean heat uptake that increases ϕ. Regardless of the time scale of the response, these two processes are linked by the change in atmospheric circulation, leading to the small combined effect. As a result, the multimodel mean ϕ in 1pctCO2 is roughly time invariant at approximately 1.5 despite the continuous increase in CO2.

Significance Statement
The land–ocean warming contrast, which indicates large land surface warming compared to ocean surface warming in response to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, is a striking feature of human-induced global warming. This study focuses on temporal changes in the magnitude of the land–ocean warming contrast in transient climate change simulations and shows that the magnitude of the land–ocean warming contrast is nearly constant over time, maintaining a ratio of approximately 1.5, between land and ocean surface warming. This small temporal change is explained mainly by a compensation between land-to-ocean energy transport and ocean heat uptake, because both act in opposite directions to the land–ocean warming contrast.
Comparative Performance of Radar, Laser, and Waverider Buoy Measurements of Ocean Waves. Part I: Frequency Domain Analysis
Authors: Jangir Pramod Kumar , Ewans Kevin C. , Young Ian R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accurate ocean wave measurements are needed for the safe design and operation of offshore facilities, but despite many ocean wave measurements, the accuracy of wave measurement systems remains an ongoing issue. Of paramount importance are measurements during extreme sea states. This paper examines wave measurements made with an Optech Laser (Laser), a Rosemount WaveRadar (Radar), and a Datawell Waverider buoy at North Rankin A (NRA) platform, Australia; Ekofisk, North Sea; and several South China Sea locations. We evaluate the relative performance of these instruments based upon various frequency domain comparisons, including comparisons of their 1D frequency spectra using spectrograms, spectral moments, high-frequency tail slopes, and significant wave heights derived from their wave spectra. A spectral relationship (transfer function) in terms of mean spectral ratio of the instruments is developed, which can be used for spectral calibration. On average, Laser and Waverider spectral estimates agree well at all sea states. However, at low wind speeds, the higher-frequency spectral levels of the Laser are relatively high and noisy compared with the other two instruments. Radar higher-frequency spectral estimates are relatively low compared to the other two instruments, particularly at lower sea states. In addition, the higher-frequency tail slopes of all three instruments vary between f−4 and f−5. However, at higher sea states, the Waverider tail slopes become steeper than f−5. The Radar produces the lowest significant wave heights (Hm0) compared to the Laser and Waverider, but its second-moment period (Tm02) estimates are longer than the Laser and Waverider.
The Intersection of Race and Rurality and its Effect on Colorectal Cancer Survival
Authors: Tobin Edward Charles , Nolan Nicholas , Thompson Stephanie , Elmore Michael , Richmond Bryan Kelly 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Outcomes in colorectal cancer treatment are historically worse in Black people and residents of rural areas. Purported reasons include factors such as systemic racism, poverty, lack of access to care, and social determinants of health. We sought to determine whether outcomes worsened when race and rural residence intersected. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for individuals with stage II–III colorectal cancer (2004-2018). To examine the intersectionality of race/rurality on outcomes, race (Black/White) and rurality (based on county) were combined into a single variable. Main outcome of interest was 5-year survival. Cox hazard regression analysis was performed to determine variables independently associating with survival. Control variables included age at diagnosis, sex, race, Charlson-Deyo score, insurance status, stage, and facility type. Results Of 463 948 patients, 5717 were Black-Rural, 50 742 were Black-Urban, 72 241 were White-Rural, and 33 5271 were White-Urban. Five-year mortality rate was 31.6%. Univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated race-rurality was associated with overall survival ( P < .001), with White-Urban having the greatest mean survival length (47.9 months) and Black-Rural with the lowest (46.7 months). Multivariable analysis found that Black-Rural (1.26, 95% confidence interval [1.20-1.32]), Black-Urban (1.16, [1.16-1.18]), and White-Rural (HR: 1.05; (1.04-1.07) had increased mortality when compared to White-Urban individuals ( P < .001). Conclusion Although White-Rural individuals fared worse than White-Urban, Black individuals fared worst of all, with the poorest outcomes observed in Black individuals in rural areas. This suggests that both Black race and rurality negatively affect survival, and act synergistically to further worsen outcomes.
Patient and Family Mistreatment of Residents in the Surgical Learning Environment
Authors: Grover Amelia , Santen Sally , Hemphill Robin , Goldberg Stephanie , Savage Nastassia 
Published: March 2023

Objective Identify the frequency and types of mistreatment experienced by residents from patients and their families (P&F) and determine whether the types and frequency varied based on resident gender. Design An anonymous survey was distributed to residents to assess the types of P&F mistreatment toward residents and the association with resident gender. Setting The survey was distributed to the general surgery and urology programs at a large academic medical center in the mid-Atlantic. Participants: 23 of 53 residents (43% response rate) participated in the anonymous survey. Residents: 15 male residents (65%), 8 female residents (35%). Results: 12 of 23 responding residents (52%) indicated they experienced at least one form of mistreatment from P&F. Women were more likely to experience mistreatment (88% vs. 33%), with verbal assault was the most frequent (50% for female residents, 33% for male residents). Patients were more often the source than families (52% vs. 41%); verbal assault or threats of physical harm were the most common (50% for female residents, 33% for male residents). Conclusions Residents experience mistreatment from multiple sources. This paper provides insight into the experiences of surgical residents with mistreatment from their P&F, with differences in frequency of behaviors dependent upon the perpetrator group and resident gender. Patients and their family mistreatments are likely underreported and may be more difficult to prevent. It is important to identify mitigation strategies and ensure resources are available for those residents experiencing mistreatment. A strong culture against mistreatment and providing specific resources may minimize the experience and negative effects of mistreatment.
Unmet Needs and Receipt of Supportive Care Services in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Prior to Oncologic Treatment: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Prestwood Courtney A. , Emmett Thomas R. , Eary Rebecca L. , Salley Jordan R. , Cerda Vanessa , Mayfield Arnold Elizabeth , Lee Simon Craddock , Tiro Jasmin A. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To characterize the supportive care (SC) needs and receipt of SC services among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients prior to oncologic treatment and to explore the influence of social determinants of health on these outcomes. Materials and Methods: Newly diagnosed HNC patients were surveyed via telephone prior to oncologic treatment between 10/2019 and 1/2021 using a prospective, cross-sectional, bi-institutional, pilot study design. The primary study outcome was unmet SC needs (Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form34 [SCNS-SF34]). Hospital type (university- vs county safety-net) was explored as an exposure. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA16 (College Station, TX). Results: Among 158 potentially eligible patients, 129 were successfully contacted, 78 met the study criteria, and 50 completed the survey. The mean age was 61, 58% exhibited clinical stage III-IV disease, and 68% and 32% were treated at the university and county safety-net hospital, respectively. Patients were surveyed a median of 20 days after their first oncology visit and 17 days prior to initiation of oncology treatment. They had a median of 24 total needs (11 were met and 13 were unmet) and preferred to see a median of 4 SC services but received care from none. County safety-net patients had comparatively more unmet needs than university patients (14.5 vs 11.5, P = .04). Conclusion: Pretreatment HNC patients at a bi-institutional academic medical center report a high number of unmet SC needs with corollary poor receipt of available SC services. Novel interventions to address this significant gap in care are needed.
Characterizing Organizational Health Equity Capacity Assessments for Public Health Organizations: A Scoping Review
Authors: Marcus Rachel , Monga Nakra Nidhi , Pollack Porter Keshia M. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Organizational health equity capacity assessments (OCAs) provide a valuable starting point to understand and strengthen an organization’s readiness and capacity for health equity. We conducted a scoping review to identify and characterize existing OCAs. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and practitioner websites to identify peer-reviewed and gray literature articles and tools that measure or assess health equity–related capacity in public health organizations. Seventeen OCAs met the inclusion criteria. We organized primary OCA characteristics and implementation evidence and described them thematically according to key categories. Results: All identified OCAs assessed organizational readiness or capacity for health equity, and many aimed to guide health equity capacity development. The OCAs differed in regard to thematic focus, structure, and intended audience. Implementation evidence was limited. Conclusions: By providing a synthesis of OCAs, these findings can assist public health organizations in selecting and implementing OCAs to assess, strengthen, and monitor their internal organizational capacity for health equity. This synthesis also fills a knowledge gap for those who may be considering developing similar tools in the future.