bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two year follow-up of distal unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with a surface modified flow diverter under prasugrel monotherapy
Authors: de Castro-Afonso Luis Henrique , Machado João Paulo , Nakiri Guilherme Seizem , Abud Thiago Giansante , Monsignore Lucas Moretti , Freitas Rafael Kiyuze , de Oliveira Ricardo Santos , Colli Benedicto Oscar , Abud Daniel Giansante 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundA new generation of modified surface flow diverters (FDs) and monotherapy using new antiplatelets may reduce both ischemic and hemorrhagic complications during the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Previous preliminary safety analysis of distal unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with the FD p48 MW HPC (phenox-Wallaby, Bochum, Germany) under antiplatelet monotherapy with prasugrel showed promising results. However, the long term outcomes of distal intracranial aneurysms treated with FDs under antiplatelet monotherapy are not known.MethodsThis was a single center, prospective, pivotal, open single arm study. The primary (safety) endpoint was absence of any new neurological deficits after treatment until the 24 month follow-up. The primary (efficacy) endpoint was the incidence of complete aneurysm occlusion 24 months after treatment. The secondary (efficacy) endpoints were any incidence of aneurysm dome reduction 24 months after treatment.Results21 patients harboring 27 distal aneurysms of the anterior circulation were included. No patient had neurologic deficits in the time from treatment to the 24 month follow-up. Complete aneurysm occlusion occurred in 20 (74%) of 27 aneurysms at the 24 month follow-up. Four aneurysms (14.8%) had dome reduction, and three aneurysms (11.1%) remained unchanged.ConclusionsIn this pilot trial, treatment of distal unruptured intracranial aneurysms with an FD under monotherapy with prasugrel, followed by monotherapy with aspirin, appeared to be safe and effective. Randomized studies with long term follow-up are needed to confirm these results.
Neurocriptococose e Sarcoma de Kaposi associados à infecção por HIV: relato de caso.
Authors: Nascimento Milena Christine Krol do , Locastre Erich Giuliano , Reis Elise Souza dos Santos 
Published: July 2023

A infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência humana (HIV) pode causar uma doença que é um importante problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo – a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA). Dentro das doenças definidoras da SIDA, há a infecção fúngica extrapulmonar pelo Cryptococcus spp e a neoplasia conhecida como Sarcoma de Kaposi. A Criptococose é uma micose sistêmica oportunista, cuja contaminação ocorre por inalação de propágulos viáveis do fundo e envolve primariamente os pulmões. O fungo possui tropismo pelo sistema nervoso central, ocasionando a meningite criptocócica que é a forma clínica mais comum da doença, ocorrendo geralmente em condições de imunossupressão. Já o Sarcoma de Kaposi é causado pelo tipo 8 do herpes-vírus e é um tumor vascular frequentemente associado a pacientes HIV positivos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar um caso clínico de um paciente masculino, jovem, com diagnóstico recente de infecção pelo HIV, além de presença de Criptococose no sistema nervoso central e afecção dermatológica compatível com Sarcoma de Kaposi
Online Social Network Effects in Labor Markets: Evidence from Facebook's Entry to College Campuses
Authors: Armona Luis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using quasi-random variation from Facebook's entry to college campuses, I exploit a natural experiment to estimate the effect of online social network access on future earnings. I estimate that access to Facebook for an additional year in college causes a .62 percentile increase in a cohort's average earnings, translating to an average wage increase of around $970 in 2014, and decreases income inequality within a cohort. I provide indirect evidence that wage increases come through the channel of increased social ties between college alumni, strengthened employment networks, and increased match value between students' majors and later occupations.
When Transparency Fails: Financial Incentives for Local Banking Agents in Indonesia
Authors: Deserranno Erika , León-Ciliotta Gianmarco , Witoelar Firman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the effect of raising the level and transparency of financial incentives offered to local agents for acquiring clients of a new banking product on take-up. We find that paying agents higher incentives increases take-up and usage, but only when the incentives are unknown to prospective clients. When disclosed, higher incentives have no effect on take-up and usage, despite greater agent effort. This is due to the financial incentives sending a negative signal to potential clients about the reliability and trustworthiness of the product. Hence, when designing incentives, organizations should consider both their level and transparency.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy is Associated With Decreased Survival in Early-Stage Gastric Cancer
Authors: Siegel Julie B. , Mukherjee Rupak , DeChamplain Bryce , Sutton Jeffrey M. , Mahvi David M. , Lancaster William P. 
Published: July 2023

Background Although randomized controlled trials on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer have included some T1-staged tumors, overall survival (OS) has not been analyzed for this subset. Due to the low negative predictive value of clinical staging and the benefits of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced disease, identifying patient groups with early-stage gastric cancer that may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy is of merit. Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between OS and sequence of surgical therapy for clinical T1 gastric cancer. Methods The 2017 National Cancer Database was used to compare patients who had surgery-first and those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for T1-stage gastric cancer. OS was analyzed using a parametric regression survival-time model adjusted for covariates. The effects of these covariates on OS based on surgical sequence were examined. Results 11,219 patients were included, of which 10,191 underwent surgery as their first or only treatment. When adjusted for covariates, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by curative-intent surgery was significantly associated with increased risk of death (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.31, P = .030). In multivariate analysis, clinical N0 stage, non-minorities, and patients with high socioeconomic status had improved OS if they did not have neoadjuvant chemotherapy and instead had upfront surgery. Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with decreased OS for early-stage gastric adenocarcinoma, even for patients with clinically positive nodal disease. In addition, the lack of survival improvement with a surgery-first approach in patients with disparities deserves further study.
Mitofusin-2 gene polymorphisms and metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: a case-control study in a Chinese population
Authors: Yuan Xiwei , Hou Mengmeng , Wang Yiqi , Zhang Siyu , Li Lu , Mi Yingjun , Du Huijuan , Yu Songhao , Nan Yuemin 
Published: July 2023

Objectives Mitofusion-2 (Mfn2) may have a role in mitochondrial oxidative stress and insulin resistance that can promote the development of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This retrospective and case control study aimed to explore the relationships between common Mfn2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and MAFLD in a northern Han Chinese population. Methods Six Mfn2 SNPs (rs2336384, rs873458, rs873457, rs4846085, rs2878677, and rs2236057) were genotyped using the ligase detection reaction in 466 MAFLD patients and 423 healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, along with haplotype analysis and pairwise linkage disequilibrium. Results The genotype distribution of rs2336384, rs2878677, and rs2236057 among the MAFLD patients showed a significantly different pattern from that of healthy controls. The data showed that an increased risk of MAFLD was significantly correlated with patients carrying the GG genotype of rs2336384, CC genotype of rs873457, TT genotype of rs4846085, TT genotype of rs2878677, and the AA genotype of rs2236057. Moreover, The GGCTTA haplotype was found to be adversely linked with MAFLD by haplotype analysis. Conclusion The current findings suggest a strong link between certain Mfn2 gene polymorphisms and MAFLD.
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation of chloroform using Vicia faba roots
Authors: Li Xue , Li Ang , Zhang Ming , Gao Tianpeng 
Published: July 2023

Chloroform is a widely used industrial chemical that can also pollute the environment. The aims of this study were to examine the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chloroform on plant cells, using the Vicia faba bioassay. Chloroform was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mg·L−1. The following parameters were analyzed: the mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosomal aberration (CA) frequency, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results showed that exposure to increasing concentrations of chloroform caused a decrease in MI and an increase in the frequency of MN in Vicia faba root tip cells, relative to their controls. Moreover, various types of CA, including C-mitosis, fragments, bridges, laggard chromosomes, and multipolar mitosis, were observed in the treated cells. The frequency of MN was positively correlated with the frequency of CA in exposure to 0.1–1 mg·L−1 chloroform. Furthermore, chloroform exposure induced membrane lipid peroxidation damage in the Vicia faba radicle, and a linear correlation was observed between the MDA content and the frequency of MN or CA. These findings indicated that chloroform exposure can result in oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in plant cells.
Genetic Structure and TALome Analysis Highlight a High Level of Diversity in Burkinabe Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae Populations
Authors: Diallo A. , Wonni I. , Sicard A. , Blondin L. , Gagnevin L. , Vernière C. , Szurek B. , Hutin M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBacterial Leaf Blight of rice (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major threat for food security in many rice growing countries including Burkina Faso, where the disease was first reported in the 1980’s. In line with the intensification of rice cultivation in West-Africa, BLB incidence has been rising for the last 15 years. West-African strains of Xoo differ from their Asian counterparts as they (i) are genetically distant, (ii) belong to new races and, (iii) contain reduced repertoires of Transcription Activator Like (TAL) effector genes. In order to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of Xoo populations in Burkina Faso, 177 strains were collected from 2003 to 2018 in three regions where BLB is occurring. Multilocus VNTR Analysis (MLVA-14) targeting 10 polymorphic loci discriminated 24 haplotypes and showed that Xoo populations were structured according to their geographical localization and year of collection. Considering their major role in Xoo pathogenicity, we assessed the TAL effector repertoires of the 177 strains upon RFLP-based profiling. Surprisingly, an important diversity was revealed with up to eight different RFLP patterns. Finally, comparing neutral vs. tal effector gene diversity allowed to suggest scenarios underlying the evolutionary dynamics of Xoo populations in Burkina Faso, which is key to rationally guide the deployment of durably resistant rice varieties against BLB in the country.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the neuroprotective effect of Dlg4 against fastigial nucleus stimulation-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Gao Jinggui , Pang Xiaomin , Zhang Lei , Li Shenghua , Qin Zhenxiu , Xie Xiaoyun , Liu Jingli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FNS) can considerably decrease infarction volume and improve neurofunction restoration following cerebral ischemia. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of FNS is still vague.

Methods
In this study, we developed a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion that included 1 h FNS followed by reperfusion for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h. The expression profile of molecular alterations in brain tissues was obtained by transcriptome sequencing at five different time points. The function and pathway of miRNA expression pattern and core genes were annotated by Allen Brain Atlas, STRING database and Cytoscape software, so as to explore the mechanism of FNS-mediated neuroprotection.

Results
The results indicated that FNS is associated with the neurotransmitter cycle pathway. FNS may regulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles by targeting the corresponding miRNAs through core Dlg4 gene, stimulate the Alternative polyadenylation (APA) incident’s anti -apoptosis effect on the brain, and stimulate the interaction activation of neurons in cerebellum, cortex/thalamus and other brain regions, regulate neurovascular coupling, and reduce cerebral damage.

Conclusion
FNS may activate neuronal and neurovascular coupling by regulating the release of neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles through the methylation of core Dlg4 gene and the corresponding transcription factors and protein kinases, inducing the anti-apoptotic mechanism of APA events. The findings from our investigation offer a new perspective on the way brain tissue responds to FNS-driven neuroprotection.
Designing a wholly online, multidisciplinary Master of Cancer Sciences degree
Authors: Lai-Kwon Julia , Dushyanthen Sathana , Seignior David , Barrett Michelle , Buisman-Pijlman Femke , Buntine Andrew , Woodward-Kron Robyn , McArthur Grant , Kok David L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Improving oncology-specific knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals is critical for improving the outcomes of people with cancer. Many current postgraduate education offerings may be inaccessible to busy professionals, contain minimal consumer input or do not focus on the multidisciplinary nature of cancer care. In response to these needs, a Master of Cancer Sciences degree was developed. Our aim is to describe the development of the Master of Cancer Sciences.

Methods
We describe the development of the Master of Cancer Sciences, including its theoretical and its pedagogical underpinnings.

Results
Our approach to curriculum design was guided by Kern’s Six-Step Approach to Medical Curriculum and underpinned by the Seven Principles of Online Learning. These approaches were further underpinned by the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning which informed our approach to audio and visual information design. The pedagogy is interactive, experiential, interprofessional and importantly, includes consumers as educators. In practice, learning activities include peer feedback, multidisciplinary team meeting simulations, group work and clinical role plays. The online environment was visually shaped through infographics, high-quality educational videos and gamification.

Conclusion
We have designed a Master of Cancer Sciences that is one of the first wholly online, cancer-specific Masters’ programs. Its industry-led curriculum using evidence-based pedagogical choices utilises a range of novel digital formats and integrates the consumer perspective to provide a holistic overview of the field. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of learning outcomes is ongoing.
The mechanism by which Naru 3 pill protects against intervertebral disc cartilage endplate degeneration based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Authors: Guo Jialin , Xue Jianmin , He Zhiwei , Jia Haiyu , Yang Xuejun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context
Naru 3 pill is a traditional Mongolian medicine for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but the mechanism is not yet clear.

Objective
This study investigated the mechanism of Naru 3 pill in the treatment of IDD.

Materials and methods
Active ingredients and related targets of Naru 3 pill, as well as IDD-related genes, were collected from public databases. The analysis was performed by protein‒protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) functional enrichment analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, the network pharmacology results were validated by in vitro experiments.

Results
Network analysis showed that sesamin, piperine and ellagic acid were potential key components and CASP3, BAX and BCL2 were key targets. KEGG analysis indicated the apoptotic pathway as a potential pathway. Molecular docking showed that sesamin interacted better with the targets than the other components. The results of molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the three systems BAX-sesamin, BCL2-sesamin and CASP3-sesamin were stable and reasonable during the simulation. In vitro experiments showed that sesamin had the least effect on cell growth and the most pronounced proliferation-promoting effect, and so sesamin was considered the key component. The experiments confirmed that sesamin had antiapoptotic effects and reversed the expression of CASP3, BAX and BCL2 in degeneration models, which was consistent with the network pharmacology results. Furthermore, sesamin alleviated extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration and promoted cell proliferation in the IDD model.

Conclusion
The present study suggested that Naru 3 pill might exert its therapeutic and antiapoptotic effects on IDD by delaying ECM degradation and promoting cell proliferation, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of IDD.
Genetic impacts on DNA methylation help elucidate regulatory genomic processes
Authors: Villicaña Sergio , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , Hannon Eilis , Christiansen Colette , Tsai Pei-Chien , Maddock Jane , Kuh Diana , Suderman Matthew , Power Christine , Relton Caroline , Ploubidis George , Wong Andrew , Hardy Rebecca , Goodman Alissa , Ong Ken K. , Bell Jordana T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPinpointing genetic impacts on DNA methylation can improve our understanding of pathways that underlie gene regulation and disease risk.ResultsWe report heritability and methylation quantitative trait locus (meQTL) analysis at 724,499 CpGs profiled with the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array in 2358 blood samples from three UK cohorts. Methylation levels at 34.2% of CpGs are affected by SNPs, and 98% of effects arecis-acting or within 1 Mbp of the tested CpG. Our results are consistent with meQTL analyses based on the former Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array. Both SNPs and CpGs with meQTLs are overrepresented in enhancers, which have improved coverage on this platform compared to previous approaches. Co-localisation analyses across genetic effects on DNA methylation and 56 human traits identify 1520 co-localisations across 1325 unique CpGs and 34 phenotypes, including in disease-relevant genes, such asUSP1andDOCK7(total cholesterol levels), andICOSLG(inflammatory bowel disease). Enrichment analysis of meQTLs and integration with expression QTLs give insights into mechanisms underlyingcis-meQTLs (e.g. through disruption of transcription factor binding sites for CTCF and SMC3) andtrans-meQTLs (e.g. through regulating the expression ofACDandSENP7which can modulate DNA methylation at distal sites).ConclusionsOur findings improve the characterisation of the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation variability and are informative for prioritisation of GWAS variants for functional follow-ups. The MeQTL EPIC Database and viewer are available online athttps://epicmeqtl.kcl.ac.uk.
Expertise as a Response to Limited Multilateralism: The Case of South Korea's Vaccine Procurement Task Force for COVID-19 Vaccines amid Unequal Access via the COVAX Facility
Authors: Park June 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates South Korea's trials and errors in procuring COVID-19 vaccines from abroad, amid the limitations of a multilateral scheme for global provision through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) program via the World Health Organization (WHO) and the discussions on COVID-19 vaccine patent waivers at the World Trade Organization. Using the framework of “self-help” in the international system and country categorization to explicate country behaviors by state-business relations and expertise to explain South Korea's COVID-19 vaccine procurement process, this study argues that in the absence of a global mechanism that guarantees adequate and timely vaccine provision, countries are left to the sole option of depending on their own capabilities: expertise, budget, and policy planning by consolidating public and private capacities to acquire vaccines for the public. To support the argument, an in-depth case investigation of South Korea's Vaccine Procurement Task Force is presented. The case study focuses on the policy assessment of critical elements in South Korea's vaccine procurement and rollout on facing obstacles to sufficient procurement through COVAX: decision-making impacting the timing and dosage of procurement, diplomatic and business channels to sign bilateral contracts, setup of a smart-factory vaccination hub, and indigenous vaccine development for WHO approval.
Market Failure, State Failure: The Political Economy of Supply Chain Strengthening to Ensure Equitable Access to Vaccines and Medicines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Fox Ashley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context: Much of the existing work on the political economy of vaccine access has focused on how intellectual property rights agreements contribute to inequitable COVID-19 vaccine access between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The two solutions that emerged to scale up access in LMICs involved either voluntary arrangements under COVAX or a waiver of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) to allow immediate access to intellectual property. However, an additional constraint on access is weak and ineffective supply chains within LMICs that have eroded over several decades of health-sector reform.
Methods: This article reviews the literature on the political economy of supply chain strengthening in LMICs and identifies key challenges to equitable access to emergent vaccines and other medicines emanating from market and state failures in internal supply chains.
Findings: Over the past century, supply chain policies in LMICs have alternated among an emphasis on addressing market failures contributing to unaffordability of vaccines/medicines, an emphasis on state failures contributing to unavailability of vaccines/medicines, and a more recent move toward public-private hybrid arrangements to strengthen supply chains.
Conclusions: In addition to reshoring production capacity through a TRIPs waiver, the international community must address chronic weakness in internal supply chains in LMICs to ensure access to novel vaccines/medicines.