bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a marital relationship skills training intervention on marital adjustment among individuals in Hosanna Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Asfaw Likawunt S. , Alene Getu D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarital distress increases the risk of morbidity and mortality by altering psychological and biological health, including cardiovascular and endocrine function. Numerous interventions have been developed to mitigate marital distress. However, most of these interventions had very specific content and were limited to certain segments of the population. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a marital relationship skills training intervention on the marital adjustment of married people in Ethiopia. We conducted a randomized‐controlled trial study on 80 married people with low marital satisfaction. We used STATA 14 statistical software to process the data. The results of an Independent sample's t test analysis showed that marital relationship skills training had a significant impact on the marital adjustment of distressed couples (p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 0.79–1.10). A marital relationship skills training intervention can effectively improve marital adjustment and can be used as a treatment for marital distress.
Rents and Intangible Capital: A Q+ Framework
Authors: CROUZET NICOLAS , EBERLY JANICE 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTIn recent years, U.S. investment has been lackluster, despite rising valuations. Key explanations include growing rents and growing intangibles. We propose and estimate a framework to quantify their roles. The gap between valuations—reflected in average Q—and investment—reflected in marginal q—can be decomposed into three terms: the value of installed intangibles; rents generated by physical capital; and an interaction term, measuring rents generated by intangibles. The intangible related terms contribute significantly to the gap, particularly in fast‐growing sectors. Our findings suggest care in a pure‐rents interpretation, given the rising role of intangibles.
Extreme drought alters plant community structure by changing dominant species growth in desert grassland
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Zhang Lihua , Xu Xuexuan , Zhao Ruifeng , Liu Beibei , Gao Jiangping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuestionsInterannual precipitation changes, both in amount and frequency, are expected to increase due to climate change, and these changes could dramatically affect the structure and function of ecosystems. However, how plant life‐forms and dominant species regulate the plant community structure after precipitation changes remains unclear.LocationGaolan Experiment Station for Ecology and Agriculture Research of the Northwest Eco‐Environment and Resources Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in the desert grassland of the western Loess Plateau, China.MethodsTo investigate the effect of precipitation changes on the growth of communities, life‐forms, and species, we used rain shelters and irrigation to create a variety of precipitation gradients (i.e., −40%, −20%, 0% [= CK, i.e., control treatment], +20%, +40% of ambient precipitation) in desert grasslands from 2014 to 2015.ResultsThe plant community density, coverage, and height were significantly decreased in the −40% treatment compared to CK. In contrast, species richness, Shannon–Wiener index, and Pielous' evenness did not respond significantly to the precipitation treatment. In addition, at the level of life‐forms, the density of perennial herbaceous plants was significantly increased by the +40% treatment in 2015, while the richness and density of annual herb were significantly inhibited by extreme drought. The effect on the shrub growth index of increasing and decreasing precipitation compared to the CK was insignificant. Furthermore, at the level of species, the growth of dominant species was obviously suppressed by the −40% and +40% treatment in 2015. However, the positive effect of the +40% treatment on the growth of rare species reached significant levels in 2015. Also, the change in precipitation did not have a significant effect on the growth of companion species. Dominant species primarily drove the response of community‐level plant growth to precipitation changes over the three‐year study period.ConclusionThe response of plant community composition to changes in precipitation in desert grassland is largely regulated by changes in the composition of the dominant species. This finding could also provide a better prediction of the effects of extreme drought on desert grassland plant communities in the scenarios of future global climate change.
The Government and Lake Governance Criteria for the Seven Crater Lakes of San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines
Authors: Brillo Bing Baltazar C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Local Government and the Government Agency shape the Seven Crater Lakes. The present study focused on understanding the predominant Governments and Lake Governance's concept vis‐a‐vis the small lakes and their basin communities. These foremost authorities are intertwined, and Lake Governance's essential criteria interplayed and continuous to the responsibility. Although the City Government of San Pablo City and the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) have improved the small lake's situations and they are satisfactorily functioning, serious issues still remain at present and into the future. Focusing on the criteria's lessons, Pandin Lake, Yambo Lake, Mohicap Lake and Sampaloc Lake have been ameliorated to varying degrees. In contrast, Bunot Lake, Palakpakin Lake and Calibato Lake continue to struggle with deficiencies. Thus, over the dual governments need to exhibit greater commitment, decisiveness and effectiveness if the Seven Crater Lakes are to flourish in development and conservation. Furthermore, while the Structuring Government and Administering Water criteria are adequate, completing the Developing Tourism, accomplishing the Regulating Fishery and substantially subsidizing the Supporting Finance in the City Government and the LLDA remain deficient. Accordingly, the main target of the paired Governments' over time is to address the remaining challenges facing the Seven Crater Lakes.
Environmental stress during larval development induces DNA methylation shifts in the migratory painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui)
Authors: Boman Jesper , Zhu Yishu , Höök Lars , Vila Roger , Talavera Gerard , Backström Niclas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeasonal environmental fluctuations provide formidable challenges for living organisms, especially small ectotherms such as butterflies. A common strategy to cope with harsh environments is to enter diapause, but some species avoid unsuitable conditions by migrating. Despite a growing understanding of migration in the life cycles of some butterfly species, it remains unknown how individuals register and store environmental cues to determine whether and where to migrate. Here, we explored how competition and host plant availability during larval development affect patterns of DNA methylation in the migratory painted lady (Vanessa cardui) butterfly. We identify a set of potentially functional methylome shifts associated with differences in the environment, indicating that DNA methylation is involved in the response to different conditions during larval development. By analysing the transcriptome for the same samples used for methylation profiling, we also uncovered a non‐monotonic relationship between gene body methylation and gene expression. Our results provide a starting point for understanding the interplay between DNA methylation and gene expression in butterflies in general and how differences in environmental conditions during development can trigger unique epigenetic marks that might be important for behavioural decisions in the adult stage.
Characteristics of disorders of gut–brain interaction in the Japanese population in the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiological Study
Authors: Fukudo Shin , Nakaya Kumi , Muratsubaki Tomohiko , Nakaya Naoki , Hozawa Atsushi , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. , Kanazawa Motoyori 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aims were to use Japanese data from the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiological Study (RFGES) to test the hypotheses that severity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and psychosocial disturbance are ordered as Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) > Rome III IBS > DGBI, not IBS > others.MethodsSubjects were 2504 Japanese in the RFGES. We assessed DGBI/IBS diagnoses with Rome IV/III, IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS‐SSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for anxiety/depression and non‐GI somatic symptoms, PROMIS‐10 for quality of life (QOL), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) Questionnaire, parts of Self‐reported IBS Questionnaire (SIBSQ) for meal effect and stress effect, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and medication questions.Key ResultsThe prevalence of Rome IV DGBI was as follows; IBS‐C 0.5%, IBS‐D 0.8%, IBS‐M 0.8%, IBS‐U 0.1%, unspecified functional bowel disorder 10.7%, postprandial distress syndrome 2.2%, and epigastric pain syndrome 0.3%. Rome III IBS prevalence; IBS‐C 3.0%, IBS‐D 3.1%, IBS‐M 2.7%, and IBS‐U 0.6%. Comparison among Rome IV IBS (n = 54), Rome III IBS (n = 197), other DGBI (n = 746), others (n = 1389) revealed significant order as Rome IV IBS > Rome III IBS > other DGBI > others in IBS‐SSS, anxiety/depression, activity impairment, non‐GI symptoms, physical QOL, mental QOL, exacerbated symptoms by meals and perceived stress (all p < 0.001).Conclusions & InferencesThese findings support the study hypotheses. Data from Japan as a culturally homogenous country suggest Rome IV IBS is more severe and hence has more gut–brain psychobehavioral involvement than Rome III IBS.
Searching for inclusive artificial intelligence for social good: Participatory governance and policy recommendations for making AI more inclusive and benign for society
Authors: Moon M. Jae 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to transform individual lives, business operations, and public services, there has been a lack of discussion concerning its role in contributing to social good. Both academic research and practical evidence have often compellingly predicted and suggested AI's potential impact on the labor market, industry, and services, as well as the risks and benefits of disruptive technologies. With an emphasis on understanding the complex and uncertain nature of AI as well as the disparities in its benefits, in this article, the logic of participatory governance is examined, and it is posited that this governance is an appropriate governing mechanism for an inclusive AI that contributes to social good. This study also offers a set of policy recommendations by reviewing selected cases and the challenges that policy‐makers face at the national and global levels.
Guests or pests? Eirenid hydroids living on the soft tissue of bivalves
Authors: Di Camillo Cristina , Roveta Camilla , Mantas Torcuato Pulido , Gravili Cinzia , Cerrano Carlo , Calcinai Barbara , Coppari Martina , Gregorin Chiara , Marrocco Teo , Riccardi Agnese , Puce Stefania 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth wild and reared bivalves can host hydroids from the Eirenidae family which settle on the soft body parts of their host. Thousands of hydroids have been observed on a single bivalve, and often have severe detrimental effects on the host. However, this relationship has received little attention in aquaculture research, which is probably due to a lack of baseline data. An extensive review was conducted (i) to show the current level of knowledge on the association between eirenids and bivalves, providing a benchmark for future research; (ii) to detect a critical combination of biotic/abiotic factors that could switch the relationship from commensalism to infestation and (iii) to identify research priorities for future studies. Seventy scientific papers were screened to provide ecological information useful in understanding the hydroid‐host‐environment interactions and to show the global spatial and bathymetric distribution of the relationship. Although the main parameters influencing the hydroid abundance were identified, it was challenging to collate information from such heterogeneous data sources. A standardized method for data collection is proposed to obtain more robust and comparable data on the association. The most relevant and unstudied issue is the potential physiological and qualitative changes that could occur in infested bivalves. Monitoring the association could provide data needed to prevent or to control hyper‐proliferation of the symbionts and to detect eventual synergistic effects with climate change. This could be fundamental for species living in areas particularly prone to climate regime shifts, such as semi‐enclosed basins and estuarine habitats.
Revealing indirect risks in complex socioeconomic systems: A highly detailed multi‐model analysis of flood events in Austria
Authors: Bachner Gabriel , Knittel Nina , Poledna Sebastian , Hochrainer‐Stigler Stefan , Reiter Karina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCascading risks that can spread through complex systems have recently gained attention. As it is crucial for decision‐makers to put figures on such risks and their interactions, models that explicitly capture such interactions in a realistic manner are needed. Climate related hazards often cascade through different systems, from physical to economic and social systems, causing direct but also indirect risks and losses. Despite their growing importance in the light of ongoing climate change and increasing global connections, such indirect risks are not well understood. Applying two fundamentally different economic models—a computable general equilibrium model and an agent‐based model—we reveal indirect risks of flood events. The models are fed with sector‐specific capital stock damages, which constitutes a major methodological improvement. We apply these models for Austria, a highly flood exposed country with strong economic linkages. A key finding is that flood damages pose very different indirect risks to different sectors and household groups (distributional effects) in the short and long‐term. Our results imply that risk management should focus on specific societal subgroups and sectors. We provide a simple metric for indirect risk, showing how direct and indirect losses are related. This can provide new ways forward in risk management, for example, focusing on interconnectedness of sectors and agents within different risk‐layers of indirect risk. Although we offer highly relevant leverage points for indirect risk management in Austria, the methodology of analyzing indirect risks can be transferred to other regions.
Analytical Investigation of Surface Temperatures for Different Sized CubeSats at Varying Low Earth Orbits
Authors: Atar Cihan , Aktaş Metin , Sözbir Nedim , Bulut Murat 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thermal management is a challenging engineering problem for CubeSats due to the limited available volumes restricting the thermal control applications. Therefore, performing thermal modeling and analyses of these small satellites is very crucial for applying proper thermal control measures to maintain safe operating conditions in space. Despite the growing interest in this field, there are still a limited number of studies investigating the thermal behavior of CubeSats. In this paper, surface temperature profiles of 1U, 2U, 3U, 5U, 6U, and 12U sized CubeSats are simulated for varying low earth orbits. The effects of altitudes changing from 400 km to 2000 km and the beta angles changing from 0 to 75 deg are analytically investigated. Not only the coatings with different absorptance and emissivity values but also different amounts of internal heat dissipations are examined to reveal their impact on the thermal balance of satellites. Results demonstrate surface temperatures are highly dependent on those variables. The amount of heat absorbed by satellite panels is affected by the different sizes of CubeSats, different coating properties of panels, and different orbital configurations. The outcomes of this research may be beneficial especially in the early design phase for designing small satellites and selecting proper orbital configurations.
Time-varying association between cigarette and ENDS use on incident hypertension among US adults: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Cook Steven , Hirschtick Jana L , Barnes Geoffrey , Arenberg Douglas , Bondarenko Irina , Patel Akash , Jiminez Mendoza Evelyn , Jeon Jihyoun , Levy David , Meza Rafael , Fleischer Nancy L 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products have emerged as the most popular alternative to combustible cigarettes. However, ENDS products contain potentially dangerous toxicants and chemical compounds, and little is known about their health effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the prospective association between cigarette and ENDS use on self-reported incident hypertension.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingNationally representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalised population in the USA.Participants17 539 adults aged 18 or older who participated at follow-up and had no self-reported heart condition or previous diagnosis of hypertension or high cholesterol at baseline.MeasuresWe constructed a time-varying tobacco exposure, lagged by one wave, defined as no use, exclusive established use (every day or some days) of ENDS or cigarettes, and dual use. We controlled for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity and household income), clinical risk factors (family history of heart attack, obesity, diabetes and binge drinking) and smoking history (cigarette pack-years).OutcomesSelf-reported incident hypertension diagnosis.ResultsThe self-reported incidence of hypertension was 3.7% between wave 2 and wave 5. At baseline, 18.0% (n=5570) of respondents exclusively smoked cigarettes; 1.1% (n=336) exclusively used ENDS; and 1.7% (n=570) were dual users. In adjusted models, exclusive cigarette use was associated with an increased risk of self-reported incident hypertension compared with non-use (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.38), while exclusive ENDS use (aHR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.47) and dual use (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.52) were not.ConclusionsWe found that smoking increased the risk of self-reported hypertension, but ENDS use did not. These results highlight the importance of using prospective longitudinal data to examine the health effects of ENDS use.
Acupuncture for protracted amphetamine abstinence syndrome: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Su , Luo Jun , Zeng YiWei , Ren Huan , Chen Zhihan , Ren Yulan 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAmphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) are presenting a great challenge to global public health along with its worldwide abuse in recent years. Protracted amphetamine abstinence syndrome (PAAS) is one of the primary causes of relapse for ATS abusers during withdrawal. However, different conclusions are reached by previous trials. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating PAAS.Methods and analysisCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), ClinicalTrials.gov and who.int/trialsearch will be searched from the inception to February 2023 and language will be restricted to English and Chinese. Eligible randomised controlled trials will be included. The primary outcome is the intensity of withdrawal syndrome. The secondary outcomes include: (1) intensity of pain, anxiety, depression and other associated symptoms; (2) number of participants with relapse; (3) retention of treatment and (4) nature and rate of adverse effects. Data synthesis will be performed by using RevMan (V.5.4). The quality of evidence will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. This study will strictly adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published studies that do not involve patients’ privacy. The results of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022297761.
Understanding potential participation barriers to improve trial design and outcomes: clinical trial simulation in palmoplantar pustulosis as a case study
Authors: Boisvert-Huneault Christian , Trigos Herraez David , Pinter Andreas , Kobayashi Satomi , Bell Stacie , Kallsen Kimberley , Gloede Tristan , Yagi Nobutaka , Brunette Steven , Datsenko Yakov , Baehner Frank , Clerisme-Beaty Emmanuelle , Van de Kerkhof Peter 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesEvaluate the experiences and perceptions of patients participating in a simulated clinical trial and identify ways to enhance future patient-centric trial designs.DesignInternational, multicentre, non-interventional, virtual clinical trial visits with patient debriefs and advisory boards.SettingVirtual clinic visits and accompanying advisory boards.ParticipantsNine patients with palmoplantar pustulosis for simulated trial visits; 14 patients and patient representatives for advisory boards.Main outcome measuresQualitative responses to trial documentation, visit schedule and logistics, and trial design were collected during patient debriefs. Results were discussed at two virtual advisory board meetings.ResultsPatients identified key barriers to participation and potential difficulties encountered when attending trial visits and completing assessments. They also proposed recommendations to overcome these challenges. Patients recognised the need for comprehensive informed consent forms, but recommended use of non-technical language, brevity and additional support to aid understanding. Other trial documentations should be relevant to the disease and include known efficacy and safety of the study drug. Patients were concerned about receiving placebo, stopping existing medications and being unable to receive the study drug after trial completion; therefore, patients and physicians recommended an open-label extension following trial completion. Trial visits were too numerous (n=20) and too long (3–4 hours each); patients recommended improvements to the design to make best use of their time and reduce unnecessary waiting. They also requested financial and logistical support. Patients expressed a desire for study outcomes that matter to them, related to their ability to undertake normal daily activities and not be a burden to others.ConclusionsSimulated trials are an innovative method for assessing trial design and acceptance from a patient-centric perspective, enabling specific improvements to be made prior to trial initiation. Incorporation of recommendations from simulated trials could enhance trial recruitment and retention, and optimise trial outcomes and data quality.