bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early microglial response, myelin deterioration and lethality in mice deficient for very long chain ceramide synthesis in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Teo Jonathan D. , Marian Oana C. , Spiteri Alanna G. , Nicholson Madeline , Song Huitong , Khor Jasmine X. Y. , McEwen Holly P. , Ge Anjie , Sen Monokesh K. , Piccio Laura , Fletcher Jessica L. , King Nicholas J. C. , Murray Simon S. , Brüning Jens C. , Don Anthony S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe sphingolipids galactosylceramide (GalCer), sulfatide (ST) and sphingomyelin (SM) are essential for myelin stability and function. GalCer and ST are synthesized mostly from C22‐C24 ceramides, generated by Ceramide Synthase 2 (CerS2). To clarify the requirement for C22‐C24 sphingolipid synthesis in myelin biosynthesis and stability, we generated mice lacking CerS2 specifically in myelinating cells (CerS2ΔO/ΔO). At 6 weeks of age, normal‐appearing myelin had formed in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, however there was a reduction in myelin thickness and the percentage of myelinated axons. Pronounced loss of C22‐C24 sphingolipids in myelin of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice was compensated by greatly increased levels of C18 sphingolipids. A distinct microglial population expressing high levels of activation and phagocytic markers such as CD64, CD11c, MHC class II, and CD68 was apparent at 6 weeks of age in CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice, and had increased by 10 weeks. Increased staining for denatured myelin basic protein was also apparent in 6‐week‐old CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice. By 16 weeks, CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice showed pronounced myelin atrophy, motor deficits, and axon beading, a hallmark of axon stress. 90% of CerS2ΔO/ΔO mice died between 16 and 26 weeks of age. This study highlights the importance of sphingolipid acyl chain length for the structural integrity of myelin, demonstrating how a modest reduction in lipid chain length causes exposure of a denatured myelin protein epitope and expansion of phagocytic microglia, followed by axon pathology, myelin degeneration, and motor deficits. Understanding the molecular trigger for microglial activation should aid the development of therapeutics for demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurotization of the radial forearm free flap improves swallowing outcomes in hemiglossectomy defects
Authors: Marchiano Emily , Kana Lulia , Bellile Emily , Smith Joshua D. , Casper Keith A. , Malloy Kelly M. , Chinn Steven B. , Stucken Chaz L. , Prince Mark E. P. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Rosko Andrew J. , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the effect of free tissue neurotization on speech and swallowing outcomes for patients undergoing reconstruction of hemiglossectomy defects with a radial forearm free flap (RFFF).MethodsA retrospective study was performed in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma undergoing a hemiglossectomy and reconstruction with a RFFF. Functional outcomes including nutritional mode, range of liquids and solids, and speech understandability were analyzed 1‐year post‐treatment.ResultsEighty‐four patients were included in this analysis, 41 of whom had neurotized flaps (49%). No significant differences in demographic or clinical variables were seen between the neurotized and non‐neurotized groups. On multivariate analysis controlling for BMI, flap area, and N‐classification, patients with neurotized flaps were significantly more likely to have normal range of liquids and solids and less likely to have a G‐tube.ConclusionsNeurotization of RFFF reconstructing hemiglossectomy defects results in decreased G‐tube dependence and improved range of liquids and solids.
C‐shaped dipper: A novel useful auxiliary tool for preparation of specimen grids for transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ishii Noriyuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has played a pivotal role in visualizing and detailing the morphology of nanoscale objects of observation, but care must be taken to ensure that the object is in its original, unperturbed state. This is because not all objects under the observation are necessarily robust and structurally stable, and if the object being observed is so delicate and easily changeable in shape, one may be observing structural artifacts leading to wrong interpretations. I here present a novel prototype of an easy‐to‐use and reliable auxiliary tool, the C‐shaped dipper, developed for the preparation of specimen grids for TEM, along with its handling instructions for diverse applications. Some nanostructures are so delicate and fragile that their nanocomplexes are easily destroyed when aspirated by a pipette with a narrow tip diameter. Using the C‐shaped dipper, the observation objects can be scooped up in a droplet formed by the surface tension of the liquid, keeping their intact shapes, and placed on a grid precovered with a support film. The C‐shaped dipper has proven to be excellent for handling soft assemblies having delicate structures, such as nano‐scale composites, for facilitating thin layered formations with molecular constituent blocks, and for preparing a grid individually covered with a collodion film or an amorphous carbon support film.
Malignant DFFB isoform switching promotes leukemia survival in relapse pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Enlund Sabina , Sinha Indranil , Amor Amanda Ramilo , Fard Shahrzad Shirazi , Tamm Ekaterina Pokrovskaja , Jiang Qingfei , Lundin Vanessa , Nilsson Anna , Holm Frida 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith modern treatment most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survive without relapse. However, for children who relapse the prognosis is still poor, especially in children with T‐cell phenotype (T‐ALL) and remains the major cause of death. The exact mechanism of relapse is currently not known. While contribution of RNA processing alteration has been linked to other hematological malignancies, its contribution in pediatric T‐ALL may provide new insights. Almost all human genes express more than one alternative splice isoform. Thus, gene modulation producing a diverse repertoire of the transcriptome and proteome have become a significant molecular marker of cancer and a potential therapeutic vulnerability. To study this, we performed RNA‐sequencing analysis on patient‐derived samples followed by splice isoform‐specific PCR. We uncovered a distinct RNA splice isoform expression pattern characteristic for relapse samples compared to the leukemia samples from the time of diagnosis. We also identified deregulated splicing and apoptosis pathways specific for relapse T‐ALL. Moreover, patients with T‐ALL displayed pro‐survival splice isoform switching favoring pro‐survival isoforms compared to normal healthy stem cells. Cumulatively, pro‐survival isoform switching and DFFB isoform regulation of SOX2 and MYCN may play a role in T‐ALL proliferation and survival, thus serving as a potential therapeutic option.
Dynamics of nosocomial SARS‐CoV‐2 transmissions: Facing the challenge of variants of concern in a Brazilian reference hospital
Authors: Hoffmann Andressa Taíz , da Silva Mariana Soares , Gularte Juliana Schons , Pasqualotto Alessandro Comaru , Proença Módena José Luiz , Hansen Alana Witt , Stadñik Claudio Marcel Berdún , Sukienik Teresa Cristina Teixeira , Demoliner Meriane , Heldt Fágner Henrique , Filippi Micheli , Pereira Vyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes , de Marques Cristiani Gomes , Kohler Ionara Ines , Quevedo Daniela Muller De , Spilki Fernando Rosado 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hospital environment can be considered a high risk for the occurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission outbreaks, either for health professionals who are directly involved in the care of suspected or confirmed cases of the disease, or for patients, for being in an environment more vulnerable to the acquisition of nosocomial infections. In this molecular epidemiology study, we aimed to analyze the occurrence and transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 in outbreaks and local chains of transmission in a large tertiary teaching hospital in southern Brazil, in addition to verifying circulating strains and their epidemiological relation in the local context, from September 21, 2020 to October 5, 2021. Positive samples involved in COVID‐19 clusters or outbreaks were analyzed using clinical, epidemiological and genomic data. Different lineages and sublineages among patients in the same room were observed. Most patients had their first clinical manifestation, evidence of suspicion, and diagnostic confirmation within 7–14 days or >14 days after hospital admission. The patients who have contact with confirmed cases of COVID‐19 spent, on average, 6.28 days in the same environment until the positive test. There was a significant association between the outcome and the number of vaccine doses (p < 0.05), where those who received two doses presented a lower occurrence of death. There was a total replacement of variant of concern (VOC) Gamma by VOC Delta from August 2021 at the study site. Although the epidemiological analysis indicates nosocomial infections, through genomic sequencing, it was established that most of the hospital outbreaks had different origins. These findings highlight the utility of integrating epidemiological and genomic data to identify possible routes of viral entry and dissemination.
Agricultural grasslands buffer density effects in red deer populations
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Langvatn Rolf , Meisingset Erling L. , Rivrud Inger Maren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPopulation densities of several cervid species have increased in recent decades in North America and Europe, and cervids frequently eat and damage agricultural crops. Competition and depletion of natural food resources are the main mechanisms for the density‐dependent decline in vital rates of large herbivores. The extent to which access to agricultural crops can buffer density effects in cervid populations, however, is unknown. Agricultural grasslands cover more than a third of the European agricultural area, and red deer (Cervus elaphus) use these grasslands in many European countries. Over the past few decades, such grasslands have been subject to management intensification (with renewal and fertilization) in some areas and abandonment (no longer being harvested) in other areas. We used generalized linear mixed‐effects models to examine the development of body masses of red deer in Norway during a period of population density increase in 16 local management units with different availability of cultivated grasslands (0.87–6.44%) in a region with active management of grasslands (Tingvoll, n = 5,780, 2000–2019) and a region with ongoing abandonment (Hitra, n = 10,598, 2007–2020). There was a consistent decline in the body mass of red deer linked to increased population density in both regions. A higher proportion of agricultural grassland was linked to higher body mass and lower density effects in both sexes and across all age classes. There is a link between body mass, survival, and reproduction. Therefore, the buffering of density effects of access to agricultural crops will fuel cervid population growth and lead to less natural regulation of abundance, making it more difficult to control dense cervid populations by harvesting.
Effects of donation collection methods on donation amount: Nudging donation for the cause and overhead
Authors: Suk Kwanho , Mudita Triza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research examines the influence of donation collection methods on the amounts of donation, focusing on donations for the cause and overhead. This research examines the effects of the three donation collection methods (allocation, cause‐first addition, and overhead‐first addition) that vary in terms of the procedure through which the donation amount is decided. The results of three empirical studies indicate that the donation collection method affects the amounts donated for the cause and overhead, in addition to the total donation amount. Study 1 shows that donors tend to donate more for the cause when the collection method asks them to add an extra amount for overhead to the amount donated for the cause (i.e., cause‐first addition) than when the collection method asks donors to allocate their total donation amounts to the cause and overhead (i.e., allocation), which also affects the total donation amount. Studies 2 and 3 test the effects of the donation collection order by comparing between the cause‐first and the overhead‐first addition methods. Results show that donors tend to donate more to the cause and overhead when the donation amount for overhead is asked first (i.e., overhead‐first) than when the donation amount for the cause is asked first (i.e., cause‐first). Furthermore, in all three studies, donors' satisfaction with the donation is not affected by the collection methods.
Mass spectrometry‐based methods to characterize highly heterogeneous biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, and nonbiological complex drugs at the intact‐mass level
Authors: Kaltashov Igor A. , Ivanov Daniil G. , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe intact‐mass MS measurements are becoming increasingly popular in characterization of a range of biopolymers, especially those of interest to biopharmaceutical industry. However, as the complexity of protein therapeutics and other macromolecular medicines increases, the new challenges arise, one of which is the high levels of structural heterogeneity that are frequently exhibited by such products. The very notion of the molecular mass measurement loses its clear and intuitive meaning when applied to an extremely heterogenous system that cannot be characterized by a unique mass, but instead requires that a mass distribution be considered. Furthermore, convoluted mass distributions frequently give rise to unresolved ionic signal in mass spectra, from which little‐to‐none meaningful information can be extracted using standard approaches that work well for homogeneous systems. However, a range of technological advances made in the last decade, such as the hyphenation of intact‐mass MS measurements with front‐end separations, better integration of ion mobility in MS workflows, development of an impressive arsenal of gas‐phase ion chemistry tools to supplement MS methods, as well as the revival of the charge detection MS and its triumphant entry into the field of bioanalysis already made impressive contributions towards addressing the structural heterogeneity challenge. An overview of these techniques is accompanied by critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches, and a brief overview of their applications to specific classes of biopharmaceutical products, vaccines, and nonbiological complex drugs.
Population age structure, asset price, and financial stability
Authors: Li Gang , Elahi Ehsan , Wang Xingshuai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBased on the data collected from 32 countries, the empirical test is conducted by constructing the financial stability index FSCI (Financial Stability Conditions Index). Results found that the changes in population age structure will affect financial stability, but the effects of different age structures are inconsistent, and there is country heterogeneity. The laborers are the main force in financial markets and significantly contribute to financial stability. The elderly population is also conducive to long‐term financial stability due to their low‐risk attitude. Results also confirmed that a change in population age structure affects household asset allocation prices.
Whole exome sequencing reveals several novel variants in congenital disorders of glycosylation and glycogen storage diseases in seven patients from Iran
Authors: Papi Atefe , Zamani Mina , Shariati Gholamreza , Sedaghat Alireza , Seifi Tahere , Negahdari Samira , Sedighzadeh Sahar Sadat , Zeighami Jawaher , Saberi Alihossein , Hamid Mohammad , Galehdari Hamid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) and Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are inborn metabolic disorders caused by defects in some metabolic pathways. These disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by impaired O‐ as well as N‐glycosylation pathways. CDG patients show a broad spectrum of clinical presentations; many GSD types (PGM1‐CDG) have muscle involvement and hypoglycemia.MethodsWe applied WES for all seven patients presenting GSD and CDG symptoms. Then we analyzed the data using various tools to predict pathogenic variants in genes related to the patients' diseases.ResultsIn the present study, we identified pathogenic variants in Iranian patients suffering from GSD and CDG, which can be helpful for patient management, and family counseling. We detected seven pathogenic variants using whole exome sequencing (WES) in known AGL (c.1998A>G, c.3635T>C, c.3682C>T), PGM1 (c.779G>A), DPM1 (c.742T>C), RFT1 (c.127A>G), and GAA (c.1314C>A) genes.ConclusionThe suspected clinical diagnosis of CDG and GSD patients was confirmed by identifying missense and or nonsense mutations in PGM1, DPM1, RFT1, GAA, and AGL genes by WES of all 7 cases. This study helps us understand the scenario of the disorder causes and consider the variants for quick disease diagnosis.
Construction of solutions of a two‐dimensional Riemann problem for a thin film model of a perfectly soluble antisurfactant solution
Authors: Barthwal Rahul , Raja Sekhar T. , Raja Sekhar G. P. 
Published: December 2022

This article is concerned with formulation of three‐dimensional thin film model for an antisurfactant solution and hence constructing unique global solution for a two‐dimensional Riemann problem for the corresponding reduced hyperbolic form. We develop six geometrically different structures of the solution using generalized characteristic analysis method while relaxing the restriction that only one planar elementary wave is developed at the interface of each initial discontinuity. We analyze the interactions of classical and nonclassical waves in detail to construct the global solution of the corresponding 2‐D Riemann problem. Further, we provide the expressions for strength, location, and propagation speed of delta shock wave at each interaction point. Moreover, we compare these solutions with the solutions of a one‐dimensional rotated initial value problem and prove that our solutions are globally unique.
Realistic simulation in nursing education: Testing two scenario‐based models
Authors: Martins Teresa , Santos Francisco , Lumini Maria José , Sousa Maria Rui , Peixoto Maria José , Freire Rosa Maria , Salazar Berta , Fernandes Carla , de Fátima Araújo Maria 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate students' self‐perceived pedagogical outcomes when using a digital scenario‐based tool compared to traditional scenarios printed on paper.DesignThis study used a within‐subjects experiment.MethodA digital platform for scenario development was developed, focusing on patients' regaining independence and returning home after an acute event. Students participated in two simulation activities, differing only in the type of scenario used and completed a questionnaire to evaluate their learning experience.ResultsStudents considered that the new scenario template provided a clearer understanding of the situation under analysis, allowing them to recognize the focuses of attention to be prioritized when formulating the intervention plan.No Patient or Public Contribution: A digital platform for a standardized process of scenario writing to help realistic simulation in nursing education is a novelty in this study and will likely contribute to substantial learning gains.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Thermometry via Controlled Diffusion
Authors: Carlton Hayden , Foster Shelby L. , Benamara Mourad , Greenlee Lauren F. , Huitink David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe process of magnetic nanoparticle heating releases enormous amounts of thermal energy. Through typical calorimetric analyses, the total thermal energy released can be easily quantified; however, knowledge of nanoscale temperature is necessary. Herein, a novel method of nanoscale thermometry by analyzing intra‐particle diffusion in core–shell nanoparticles is proposed. Heating the iron cores with an alternating magnetic field in a saline suspension encourages the diffusion of sodium ions into the silica shells of the particles, which is modeled numerically; however, experimental measurements are needed in order to provide accurate diffusivity estimations. After determining the diffusion characteristics from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) depth profiling of silica films, energy dispersive analysis with high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy measures the sodium ion gradient within single particles before and after heating. When compared directly to the numerical simulations, the results indicate that the temperature gradient between particles and saline suspension reaches significantly higher temperatures than the macro‐scale temperature of the solution. By accurately knowing the thermal gradient between nanoparticles and the surrounding medium, nanoparticles can be engineered to limit surface resistances as much as possible and promote high rates of thermal energy transfer.
Development of Mid‐Way Testing Contingencies for Solid Rocket Motor Processing
Authors: Subramanian Selvakumar , Prasad Sthanikam Siva 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyurethane based composite solid propellant (CSP) having aluminium as fuel and ammonium perchlorate (AP) as oxidizer is used in present day solid rocket motors (SRMs). Mechanical and burn rate properties of CSP are wholly dependent on the composition and packing fraction of bimodal AP. Any process deviation or anomalous behavior of propellant slurry at the end of pre/final mixing will result in unacceptable mechanical and ballistic properties leading to rejection of these mixes. Hence, it becomes essential to investigate for possible causes of anomalous behavior such as incorrect content and Coarse/Fine AP ratio (CAP/FAP), contamination with foreign materials, etc. Though suitable test procedures are already available for homogeneity/composition analysis and in vogue, there is no regular test procedures in case of interchange of raw materials of different formulations, to check for contamination of pre‐mixes and to verify AP content in the mixes after mixing the curing agent. Herein, simple contingency procedures have been developed to estimate CAP/FAP in the pre‐mix and AP content in pre/finalmix slurries. The CAP (before its use in premix and after CAP/FAP estimation) was examined using a particle size and shape analyzer and an optical microscope. Contamination checks were also carried out on the samples of premixes usingFT‐IR and DSC. In addition, propellant samples cured under standard conditions were checked for possible deviations with respect to expected mechanical, interfacial, physical and ballistic properties. Conclusions drawn from the investigation can be used to clear the pre/final mix batches for further processing.It is to be noted that these cost‐saving contingency procedures will hereafter form part of analytical testing routines during the processing of solid propellant segments.
Black Holes with Electric and Magnetic Charges in F(R)$F(R)$ Gravity
Authors: Nashed G. G. L. , Nojiri S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe construct spherically symmetric and static solutions in gravity coupled with electromagnetic fields. The solutions include new types of black holes with electric and magnetic charges. We show that the higher‐derivative terms make the curvature singularity much softer than that in the charged black holes in Einstein's general relativity. We calculate some thermodynamical quantities of the obtained black holes like entropy, Hawking radiation, and quasi‐local energy and we confirm that the black hole solutions satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. Finally, we study the stability analysis using the odd‐type mode and show that there are stable black hole solutions and the radial speed of the parity‐odd mode is unit, that is, the speed of light.