bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do business cycles result from stochastic shocks?
Authors: Zhu Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccording to the real business cycle theory, business cycles mainly result from random exogenous shocks. In this paper, this argument is tested. I extend the Wald–Wolfowitz runs test under the assumption that a recession lasts for two periods at least and an expansion lasts for
$k$
periods at least with k ≥ 2. I apply the extended runs test to the three two-valued data recession-expansion series generated by the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Center for Economic and Policy Research. The test results reject the null hypothesis that they are generated in a random way for any
$k$
even at the 1% significance level.
Choroidal morphology and microvascular structure in eyes of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus before and after ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery
Authors: Valsecchi Nicola , Roda Matilde , Febbraro Simone , Wrona Diana , Marega Giulia , Palandri Giorgio , Giannini Giulia , Milletti David , Schiavi Costantino , Fontana Luigi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the choroidal morphology and microvascular structure in eyes of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) compared with the eyes of healthy age-matched individuals, and to assess the choroidal structure in eyes of iNPH patients before and after shunt surgery using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The primary objective was to assess the choroidal morphology in eyes of iNPH patients before and after ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) surgery compared to age and sex-matched healthy individuals. The secondary objective was to compare the choroidal morphology of iNPH patients before and after a mean of 56 days from shunt surgery. Eighteen consecutive patients diagnosed with iNPH and 18 healthy controls were prospectively recruited between November 2021 and October 2022. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) was conducted before and within 4 months after shunt surgery. Images were binarized using the ImageJ software, and the choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated. Sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal choroidal area (LCA), and stromal choroidal area (SCA) were significantly increased in iNPH patients before surgery compared to the control group (p < 0.05). SFCT, TCA, and SCA were significantly increased in iNPH patients after surgery compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the CVI between iNPH patients and controls. No statistical differences in the choroidal structure were observed before and after VP shunt surgery (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the choroid was thicker in iNPH patients before and after VP shunt compared to age-matched healthy individuals. However, there were no difference in the choroidal microstructure in the eyes of iNPH patients before and after a mean of 3 months from VP shunt surgery.
Using machine learning ensemble method for detection of energy theft in smart meters
Authors: Kawoosa Asif Iqbal , Prashar Deepak , Faheem Muhammad , Jha Nishant , Khan Arfat Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectricity theft is a primary concern for utility providers, as it leads to substantial financial losses. To address the issue, a novel extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)‐based model utilizing the consumers’ electricity consumption patterns for analysis is proposed for electricity theft detection (ETD). To remove the imbalance in the real‐world electricity consumption dataset and ensure an even distribution of theft and non‐theft data instances, six different artificially created theft attacks were used. Moreover, the utilization of the XGBoost algorithm for classification, especially to identify malicious instances of electricity theft, yielded commendable accuracy rates and a minimal occurrence of false positives. The proposed model identifies electricity theft specific to the regions, utilizing electricity consumption parameters, and other variables as input features. The authors’ model outperformed existing benchmarks like k‐neural networks, light gradient boost, random forest, support vector machine, decision tree, and AdaBoost. The simulation results using the false attacks for balancing the dataset have improved the proposed model's performance, achieving a precision, recall, and F1‐score of 96%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. The results of the detection rate and the false positive rate (FPR) of the proposed XGBoost‐based detection model have achieved 96% and 3%, respectively.
Detection of intended and unintended emissions from Starlink satellites in the SKA-Low frequency range, at the SKA-Low site, with an SKA-Low station analogue
Authors: Grigg D. , Tingay S. J. , Sokolowski M. , Wayth R. B. , Indermuehle B. , Prabu S. 
Published: September 2023

Context. Intended and unintended radio emissions from satellites can interfere with sensitive radio telescopes in the frequency ranges of key experiments in astrophysics and cosmology. We detect strong intended and unintended electromagnetic radiation from Starlink satellites at the site of the future SKA-Low facility in Western Australia, using an SKA-Low prototype station known as the Engineering Development Array version 2 (EDA2).
Aims. We aim to show that Starlink satellites are easily detectable utilising a configuration of low frequency radio antennas representative of an SKA-Low ‘station’ and that our results complement similar findings with the LOFAR telescope.
Methods. Utilising the EDA2 at frequencies of 137.5 MHz and 159.4 MHz, we detected trains of Starlink satellites on March 17 and 18, 2023, and November 16 and 17, 2021, respectively, via the formation of all-sky images with a frequency resolution of 0.926 MHz and a time resolution of 2 s. Time differencing techniques were utilised to isolate and characterise the transmissions from Starlink and other satellites.
Results. We observed Starlink satellites reaching intensities of 106 Jy beam−1, with the detected transmissions exhibiting a range of behaviours, from periodic bursts to steady transmission. The results are notable because they demonstrate that Starlink satellites are detected in the SKA-Low frequency range, transmitting both intentionally and unintentionally. Follow-up work and discussion are needed to identify the cause of this unintentional radiation as it has the potential to interfere with SKA-Low science. It is likely that the transmission levels will need to be reduced by orders of magnitude to bring the impact on radio astronomy to potentially manageable levels.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that both intended and unintended radiation from Starlink satellites will be detrimental to key SKA science goals without mitigation. A continued conversation with SpaceX could potentially result in future mitigations which the EDA2 instrument could efficiently monitor and characterise at the SKA-Low site.
ZnO-based inverted organic solar cells: a comparative analysis of simulation and experimental devices
Authors: Chambaili  , Ahmad Ibrar , Hayat Khizar , Ahmad Ejaz , Ali Nasir , Safeen Kashif , Shah Abdullah , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Shah Said Karim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
ZnO-based Inverted Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) were simulated using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. Two different device architectures were employed: single-layer (SL) and trilayer (TL) configurations. In the SL-OSCs, the structure consisted of a P3HT/PCBM blend between ZnO and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) layers. The P3HT/PCBM blend layers were combined with thin layers from donor (P3HT) and acceptor (PCBM) materials for the TL-OSCs. Electrospray deposition (ESD) was utilized to fabricate the OSCs for comparison. The analysis of the results showed that the TL-OSCs exhibited improved device performance and operational stability compared to the SL devices. Simulated efficiencies were 2.85% for TL and 2.25% for SL, whereas experimental OSCs yielded 1.47% (TL) and 0.84% (SL) efficiencies. This increasing trend in TL-OSCs’ performance aligns with existing literature. Furthermore, the TL OSC structures demonstrated good stability at optimum annealing temperatures up to 130 °C. Additionally, the ZnO-based TL devices displayed enhanced ambient stability under continuous 8h illumination compared to SL-OSCs. This improvement can be attributed to the interfacial layer, which aids in separating charge carriers and reducing recombination rates, consequently enhancing overall device efficiency. The stacked layers in TL OSCs may also function as a barrier, inhibiting diffusion and protecting against moisture and oxygen exposure, thereby contributing to improved device stability.
Silver and nickel modified cobalt-zinc nanostructured ferrites for potential applications
Authors: Kumari Nisha , Himanshi  , Jasrotia Rohit , Liu Louis WY , Ahmed Jahangeer , Hossain Aslam , Henaish A M A , Thakur Sourbh , Singh Virender Pratap , Godara Sachin Kumar , Aggarwal Ridhima , Kandwal Abhishek , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this analysis, silver and nickel modified cobalt-zinc nanostructured ferrites, with chemical compositions of Co0.5Zn0.5AgxNiyFe2-x-yO4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03; y = 0.0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared employing sol–gel auto-combustion (SGAC). All samples were inspected for elementary, structural, microstructural, and magnetic traits. The Fd3m space group geometry with pure spinel phase for the produced nanoferrites was shown by Rietveld’s refined X-ray diffraction patterns. Using the Scherrer formula, X-ray diffraction indicated that samples attain a crystallite size (t) of 38-63 (± 0.01) nm. The field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that grain growth was not uniform but rather agglomerated, of varying shapes and sizes. The vibrational stretching within the metal-oxygen at interstitial sites was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which clearly indicates the creation of Co-Zn spinel nanoferrites. Furthermore, in all the produced samples, five active Raman vibrational modes (Eg, 3T2g, A1g) are present, and all of these are related to the cubic spinel structure. A vibrating sample magnetometer is utilized to examine the magnetic traits of produced magnetic samples, displaying soft magnetic behavior. The Co0.5Zn0.5AgxNiyFe2-x-yO4 (x = 0.00; y = 0.00) sample attains the maximum saturation magnetization (Ms = 64.94 (± 0.001) emu g−1), whereas the maximum coercivity (Hc = 217.33 ± 0.001 Oe) was attained by the Co0.5Zn0.5AgxNiyFe2-x-yO4 (x = 0.03; y = 0.04) sample, respectively. Therefore, due to the magnetic softness and excellent values of magnetic parameters of the integrated samples, it is possible to use them for potential applications such as recording media, switching, multi-layer chip indicators (MLCIs), and power applications.
Photo-response in chemically synthesized ZnSe nanorod for its application as photosensor
Authors: Handique K C , Barman B , Kalita P K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Zinc Selenide nanorods with varying concentration have been synthesized through the chemical bath deposition method. Concentration-dependent structural and electronic properties of synthesized ZnSe nanorods have been studied in this work. XRD and HRTEM studies indicate the formation of cubic polycrystalline ZnSe nanostructures. The effect of molar concentration, incident light intensity and wavelength on various parameters of fabricated ZnSe based photodetectors have been studied. The photocurrent and thereby other parameters such as photosensitivity, responsivity, detectivity and electron quantum efficiency are seen to decrease with the increase of Zn ion concentration. To investigate the fundamental nature of the dependency of photocurrent on light intensity, Rose’s model of photoconduction is used and the intensity-photocurrent characteristics exhibit sub linear nature. The parameters of ZnSe based photodetectors are calculated and correlated with molar concentration. The effects of incident light intensity and the wavelength on the photodetector properties of ZnSe photodetector are studied thoroughly in this paper.
Characterization of optical waveguides in Ce3+-doped phosphate glasses formed by He+ion implantation
Authors: Lu Yan , Chen Yang-Zhi , Zhang Liao-Lin , He Quan-Long , Liu Chun-Xiao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, the Ce3+-doped phosphate glass is carried out to fabricate the planar waveguides by the 400 keV He+ ion implantation with a dose of 6.0 × 1016 ions cm−2. The dark-mode spectrum of the waveguide at a wavelength of 632.8 nm is obtained by the prism coupling technique. The SRIM 2013 software is used to analyze the energy deposition induced by the ion implantation and the RCM is employed to reconstruct the refractive index profile of the planar waveguide. The end-face coupling technique is applied to the measurement of the propagation mode image of the waveguide at 632.8 nm. The Ce3+-doped phosphate glass waveguide has the potential for an integrated optical device.
Who gets left behind by left behind places?
Authors: Connor Dylan S , Berg Aleksander K , Kemeny Tom , Kedron Peter J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We document that children growing up in places left behind by today’s economy experience lower levels of social mobility as adults. Using a longitudinal database that tracks over 20,000 places in the USA from 1980 to 2018, we identify two kinds of left behind places: the ‘long-term left behind’ that have struggled over long periods of history; and ‘recently left-behind’ places where conditions have deteriorated. Compared to children of similar baseline household income levels, we find that exposure to left behind places is associated with a 4-percentile reduction in adult income rank. Children fare considerably better when exposed to places where conditions are improving. These outcomes vary across prominent social and spatial categories and are compounded when nearby places are also experiencing hardship. Based on these findings, we argue that left behind places are having ‘scarring effects’ on children that could manifest long into the future, exacerbating the intergenerational challenges faced by low-income households and communities. Improvements in local economic conditions and outmigration to more prosperous places are, therefore, unlikely to be full remedies for the problems created by left behind places.
Type of Home Care—Informal Versus At Least Some Formal—Matters for Recipients’ Perceived Control
Authors: Wylie Molly J , Boerner Kathrin , Miller Edward Alan , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Perceived control is an important psychological resource for middle-aged and older adults. Aging in place may help foster feelings of control, yet many community-dwelling older adults must rely on others—whether family, friends, or professionals—for physical assistance. This study investigated how receiving home care from different sources was associated with two facets of perceived control (mastery and perceived constraints) among adults with varying levels of physical disability.

Research Design and Methods
Data were drawn from the 2012 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Community-dwelling adults aged 50 years and older receiving help for at least one activity of daily living (ADL) impairment (N = 884) reported their relationship to each respective caregiver (formal professional and/or informal family or friend), level of ADL impairment, and ratings of perceived control. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the association between type of support and perceived control, as well as the moderating effect of physical disability on that relationship.

Results
Compared to receipt of informal support alone, receiving a combination of formal and informal support was related to perceptions of greater control over one’s life, but only in terms of mastery. The level of one’s ADL impairment did not have a moderating effect on the relationship between support type and perceived control.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggested that the type of instrumental support adults receive in their home has implications for specific facets of perceived control. These findings can help inform home care program development.
Exploring the Extent of Usability for Augmented Profile Interfaces in Enhancing Conversation Experiences
Authors: Ryu Hyeyoung , Bang Hyeonseok , Hwang Daeun , Kang Younah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigated how to design a usable augmented reality (AR) profile conversation assistant focusing on how and which information leads to enhanced conversation experience and satisfaction. We drew on usability practices including user need interviews, information disposition sessions and an experiment comparing the conversation experiences between AR profile usage and non-usage. We provide insights into how to design a user interface that can enhance users' conversation experience and satisfaction compared to existing interfaces, especially in terms of type, quantity and placement of information on the AR profile. The three main design insights are to (1) limit the topics to personal information, recent events, preferences and hobbies; (2) use a text-based card format with emojis and make a clear distinction between preferred and not preferred topics through font size and placement difference; and (3) limit the number of information provision pages to less than four pages; however, we were not able to resolve the problem of the guilt and artificiality users feel in acquiring information about others from the AR profile. Thus, to resolve this problem, we suggest shifting our paradigm from a techno-solutionist perspective to breaking the illusion of the omnipotence of technology.
Naamyam, Creative Music, and Immigrant Act: Meditations on Jon Jang’s Musical Setting of Genny Lim’s “Burial Mound”
Authors: Law Ho Chak 
Published: September 2023

AbstractJon Jang, an American composer, bandleader, and activist of Chinese descent, begins his five-movement Island: The Immigrant Suite No. 1 (1995) with a musical setting that is sonically and stylistically unconventional. He introduces a curious adaptation of naamyam (“southern tones”)—a Cantonese genre of narrative singing that originated in the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong—into this musical setting of Genny Lim’s Chinglish poem “Burial Mound” so as to make audible the politics of representation concerning Sinophone Americans of particular ancestries, generations, and immigration histories. Not only does he associate this setting with Chinese laborers of the transcontinental railroad and naamyam in American Chinatowns, he also demonstrates in this setting his embrace of “creative music” as an American framework of cultural performance.
Comparison of wide and narrow gastric conduit in esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Chuang Cheng-Yen , Yang Shyh-Sheng , Shai Sen-Ei , Lee Ming-Ching , Chen Hao-Yun , Lin Chih-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Background:Gastric conduit is most widely used method for esophageal reconstruction. Despite its popularity, certain complications, such as anastomotic leakage and strictures, remain to be resolved. In the present study, we reviewed the outcomes of narrow gastric conduit compared to wide gastric conduit reconstruction.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 493 patients with esophageal cancer who received esophagectomy with reconstruction in Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan between January 2010 and December 2019. We performed gastric conduit reconstruction with two different methods, narrow gastric conduit made of multistaples (more than four staples) and wide gastric conduit made of two or three staples. Among the 493 patients, 170 patients underwent wide gastric conduit formation and 323 patients underwent narrow gastric conduit. After propensity score matching, 140 patients from each group were matched by 1:1.Results:The average anastomotic leakage rate is 80 of 493 (16.23%). The leakage rate, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and ICU stay were significantly lower in the narrow gastric conduit group than in the wide gastric conduit group. The need for postoperation dilatation was significantly higher in wide gastric conduit group (19.41% vs 11.76%,p= 0.0217), and the time to first dilatation was similar in both groups (p= 0.9808). Similar results were observed even after propensity score matching. In univariate analysis, the narrow gastric conduit, circular stapler, video-assisted thoracic surgery, and laparoscopic surgery were associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leakage. However, these factors are not statistically significant in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusion:The narrow gastric conduit is not inferior to the wide gastric conduit and can be considered an alternative option for gastric conduit preparation.
Favorable effect of herbal extract on androgenic alopecia: A case report
Authors: Qian Yuxin , Zhu Lijian , Wu Lan , Chen Jingya , Ding Bin , Li Yuanyuan , Cao Yi 
Published: September 2023

Rationale:
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition with progressive miniaturization of hair follicles. Currently, reliable treatments have remained limited, and complementary medications for AGA are still being investigated. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas have conspicuous advantages in the treatment of AGA with good development prospects. Zimmer aqueous spray (ZAS) is a water spray containing Zimmer herbal extract powder (ZMWP), which consists of Ligustri lucidi Fructus, Ecliptae Herba, Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald. and Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute, etc. ZMWP is an active ingredient in the prevention of hair loss. Our aim is to provide evidence for the effectiveness of ZAS in the treatment of AGA.

Patient concerns:
A 41-year-old man had suffered from hair loss for 8 years.

Interventions:
The patient with moderate AGA received 3 to 4 mL ZAS daily or every other day for 3 months.

Outcomes:
The hair density obviously increased after 3 months of therapy. The improvement of hair diameter, vellus hair rate, and 1 hair pilosebaceous unit rate were observed with a trichoscopy and quantitatively analyzed. Besides, honeycomb pigment pattern mitigated and arborized red lines.

Lessons:
The results suggested that ZMWP might have the capability of improving hair growth and attenuating AGA, which can be a promising alternative treatment of AGA.