bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread mermithid nematode parasitism of Cretaceous insects
Authors: Luo Cihang , Poinar George O. , Xu Chunpeng , Zhuo De , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMermithid nematodes are obligate invertebrate parasites dating back to the Early Cretaceous. Their fossil record is sparse, especially before the Cenozoic, thus little is known about their early host associations. This study reports 16 new mermithids associated with their insect hosts from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, 12 of which include previously unknown hosts. These fossils indicate that mermithid parasitism of invertebrates was already widespread and played an important role in the mid-Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem. Remarkably, three hosts (bristletails, barklice and perforissid planthoppers) were previously unknown to be parasitized by mermithids both past and present. Furthermore, our statistical analyses show that in contrast to their Cenozoic counterparts, Cretaceous nematodes including mermithids are more abundant in heterometabolous insect hosts. This result suggests that nematodes have not completely exploited the dominant Holometabola as their hosts until the Cenozoic. This study reveals what appears to be a vanished history of nematodes that parasitized Cretaceous insects.
Emergent lag phase in flux-regulation models of diauxie
Authors: Bate Fiona , Amekan Yumechris , Pushkin Mitya , Chong James P.J. , Bees Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLag phase is observed in bacterial growth during a sudden change in conditions: growth is inhibited whilst cells adapt to the environment. Bi-phasic, or diauxic growth is commonly exhibited by many species. In the presence of two sugars, cells initially grow by consuming the preferred sugar then undergo a lag phase before resuming growth on the second. Biomass increase is characterised by a diauxic growth curve: exponential growth followed by a period of no growth before a second exponential growth. Recent literature lacks a complete dynamic description, artificially modelling lag phase and employing non-physical representations of precursor pools. Here, we focus on glucoselactose diauxie ofEscherichia coliformulating a rational mechanistic model based on flux-regulation/proteome partitioning with a finite precursor pool that reveals core mechanisms in a compact form. Unlike earlier systems, the characteristic dynamics emerge as part of the solution, including the lag phase, and results accurately reproduce experiments. We show that for a single strain ofE. coli, diauxic growth yields mathematically optimised growth rates. However, intriguingly, for two competing strains diauxic growth is not always the best strategy. Our description can be generalised to model multiple different microorganisms and investigate competition between species/strains.
Transient EZH2 suppression by Tazemetostat duringin vitroexpansion maintains T cell stemness and improves adoptive T cell therapy
Authors: Hou Yingqin , Zak Jaroslav , Shi Yujie , Pratumchai Isaraphorn , Dinner Brandon , Wang Wenjian , Qin Ke , Weber Evan , Teijaro John R. , Wu Peng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-mediated epigenetic regulation of T cell differentiation in acute infection has been extensively investigated. However, the role of EZH2 in T cell exhaustion remains under-explored. Here, usingin vitroexhaustion models, we demonstrated that transient inhibition of EZH2 in T cells before the phenotypic onset of exhaustion with a clinically approved inhibitor, Tazemetastat, delayed their dysfunctional progression and maintained T cell stemness and polyfunctionality while having no negative impact on cell proliferation. Tazemetestat induced T cell epigenetic reprogramming and increased the expression of the self-renewing T cell transcription factor TCF1 by reducing its promoter H3K27 methylation preferentially in rapidly dividing T cells. In a murine melanoma model, T cells pre-treated with tazemetastat exhibited a superior response to anti-PD-1 blockade therapy after adoptive transfer. Collectively, these data unveil the potential of transient epigenetic reprogramming as a potential intervention to be combined with checkpoint blockade for immune therapy.
CXCL12 targets the primary cilium cAMP/cGMP ratio to regulate cell polarity during migration
Authors: Atkins Melody , Darmon Michèle , Roche Fiona , Nicol Xavier , Métin Christine 
Published: February 2023

SummaryDirected cell migration requires sustained cell polarisation. In migrating cortical interneurons, nuclear movements are directed towards the centrosome that organises the primary cilium signalling hub. Primary cilium-elicited signalling, and how it affects migration, remain however ill characterised. Here, we show that altering cAMP/cGMP levels in the primary cilium by buffering cAMP, cGMP or by locally increasing cAMP, influences the polarity and directionality of migrating interneurons, whereas buffering cAMP or cGMP in the apposed centrosome compartment alters their motility. Remarkably, we identify CXCL12 as a trigger that alters the ciliary cAMP/cGMP ratio to promote sustained polarity and directed migration. We thereby uncover cAMP/cGMP levels in the primary cilium as a major target of extrinsic cues and as the steering wheel of neuronal migration.
GAUT10 is required for Arabidopsis root cell differentiation and elongation
Authors: Dash Linkan , Swaminathan Sivakumar , Šimura Jan , Montes Christian , Solanki Neel , Mejia Ludvin , Ljung Karin , Zabotina Olga A. , Kelley Dior R. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryCell wall properties of the root apical meristem (RAM) are poorly understood compared to the elongation and maturation zones of the developing root. GAUT10 is a pectin biosynthesizing enzyme that is post-transcriptionally regulated by auxin that influences Arabidopsis RAM size in a sucrose-dependent manner.Using live-cell microscopy, we have determined the short root phenotype of thegaut10loss of function allele is due to a reduction in both RAM cell number and epidermal cell elongation. In addition, the absence ofGAUT10leads to a reduction in lateral root cap and epidermal cell marker line expression, indicating root cell differentiation defects in this mutant.GAUT10 is required for normal pectin and hemicellulose composition in primary Arabidopsis roots. Loss ofGAUT10leads to a reduction in galacturonic acid and xylose in primary cell walls and alters the presence of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and homogalacturonan (HG) polymers in the root.Auxin mediated gene expression and metabolism is altered ingaut10roots, suggesting that cell wall composition may influence auxin pathways.
GSK-3 inhibitor elraglusib enhances tumor-infiltrating immune cell activation in tumor biopsies and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 in a murine model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Huntington Kelsey E. , Louie Anna D. , Srinivasan Praveen R. , Schorl Christoph , Lu Shaolei , Silverberg David , Newhouse Daniel , Wu Zhijin , Zhou Lanlan , Borden Brittany A. , Giles Francis J. , Dooner Mark , Carneiro Benedito A. , El-Deiry Wafik S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInhibition of GSK-3 using small-molecule elraglusib has shown promising preclinical antitumor activity. Using in vitro systems, we found that elraglusib promotes immune cell-mediated tumor cell killing, enhances tumor cell pyroptosis, decreases tumor cell NF-κB-regulated survival protein expression, and increases immune cell effector molecule secretion. Using in vivo systems, we observed synergy between elraglusib and anti-PD-L1 in an immunocompetent murine model of colorectal cancer. Murine responders had more tumor-infiltrating T-cells, fewer tumor-infiltrating Tregs, lower tumorigenic circulating cytokine concentrations, and higher immunostimulatory circulating cytokine concentrations. To determine the clinical significance, we utilized human plasma samples from patients treated with elraglusib and correlated cytokine profiles with survival. Using paired tumor biopsies, we found that CD45+ tumor-infiltrating immune cells had lower expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints and higher expression of T-cell activation markers in post-elraglusib patient biopsies. These results introduce several immunomodulatory mechanisms of GSK-3 inhibition using elraglusib, providing a rationale for the clinical evaluation of elraglusib in combination with immunotherapy.Statement of significancePharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3 using elraglusib sensitizes tumor cells, activates immune cells for increased anti-tumor immunity, and synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. These results introduce novel biomarkers for correlations with response to therapy which could provide significant clinical utility and suggest that elraglusib, and other GSK-3 inhibitors, should be evaluated in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
Freedom or bondage? The double-edged sword effect of work connectivity behavior after-hours on employee occupational mental health
Authors: Zhu Fuyun , Gao Ying , Chen Xiaotun 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims to explore the double-edged sword effect of work connectivity behavior after-hours (WCBA) on employees’ occupational mental health. Drawing on job demand-resource theory, the authors examined the double mediating mechanism of work autonomy and work-family conflict on the relationship of WCBA, work engagement and work burnout. At the same time, the authors examined the moderating role of responsiveness from superiors, hoping to clarify how WCBA brings employees positive experiences (engagement) or negative experiences (burnout).

Design/methodology/approach
Under the mediating mechanism of work autonomy and work-family conflict, the authors built a dual-path model and moderated mediation model to examine the effect of WCBA on work engagement and burnout. Two-stage paired data were collected from various industries in China by distributing questionnaires to employees. The hypotheses were tested using the structural equation model and the bootstrap test method.

Findings
The results showed that WCBA positively affects work engagement and burnout. Work autonomy plays a mediating role both in the relationship between WCBA and work engagement and in the relationship between WCBA and work burnout. In addition, work-family conflict plays a mediating role both in the relationship between WCBA and work burnout and in the relationship between WCBA and work engagement. Responsiveness from superiors not only moderated the relationship between WCBA and work autonomy and between WCBA and work-family conflict but also moderated the mediating effects of work autonomy and work-family conflict.

Originality/value
This study examined the double-edged sword effect of WCBA on employees’ occupational mental health, the dual mediation of work autonomy and work-family conflict and the moderating effect of responsiveness from superiors. This study can enrich the understanding of the effects of WCBA as well as the influential factors and boundary conditions related to employees’ occupational mental health. Organizations (represented by superiors) and individuals were integrated into one model, providing a new perspective for studying WCBA. The research will help managers and individuals gain a comprehensive understanding of WCBA, and how to enhance its positive effects and circumvent its negative effects.
CommunityGCN: community detection using node classification with graph convolution network
Authors: Bhattacharya Riju , Nagwani Naresh Kumar , Tripathi Sarsij 
Published: February 2023

PurposeA community demonstrates the unique qualities and relationships between its members that distinguish it from other communities within a network. Network analysis relies heavily on community detection. Despite the traditional spectral clustering and statistical inference methods, deep learning techniques for community detection have grown in popularity due to their ease of processing high-dimensional network data. Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) have received much attention recently and have developed into a potential and ubiquitous method for directly detecting communities on graphs. Inspired by the promising results of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) in analyzing graph structure data, a novel community graph convolutional network (CommunityGCN) as a semi-supervised node classification model has been proposed and compared with recent baseline methods graph attention network (GAT), GCN-based technique for unsupervised community detection and Markov random fields combined with graph convolutional network (MRFasGCN).Design/methodology/approachThis work presents the method for identifying communities that combines the notion of node classification via message passing with the architecture of a semi-supervised graph neural network. Six benchmark datasets, namely, Cora, CiteSeer, ACM, Karate, IMDB and Facebook, have been used in the experimentation.FindingsIn the first set of experiments, the scaled normalized average matrix of all neighbor's features including the node itself was obtained, followed by obtaining the weighted average matrix of low-dimensional nodes. In the second set of experiments, the average weighted matrix was forwarded to the GCN with two layers and the activation function for predicting the node class was applied. The results demonstrate that node classification with GCN can improve the performance of identifying communities on graph datasets.Originality/valueThe experiment reveals that the CommunityGCN approach has given better results with accuracy, normalized mutual information, F1 and modularity scores of 91.26, 79.9, 92.58 and 70.5 per cent, respectively, for detecting communities in the graph network, which is much greater than the range of 55.7–87.07 per cent reported in previous literature. Thus, it has been concluded that the GCN with node classification models has improved the accuracy.
Does employee work-related curiosity predict workplace thriving? The moderating role of core-self evaluations
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Liu Yuxin , Mehmood Qaiser , Ghani Usman 
Published: February 2023

PurposeGiven the increasing organizational need for having a thriving workforce due to the fast-growing and competitive knowledge-based service economy and growing demand to explore new factors that may benefit individuals to excel at work. Drawing upon the intrinsic motivation perspective, with a Chinese sample (N = 309), the authors aimed to investigate whether work-related curiosity (WRC) may create conditions that indirectly promote employees' workplace thriving via task focus and whether this mediation was moderated by an individual's personality difference, i.e. core-self evaluations.Design/methodology/approachA time-lagged study among full-time employees who happen to be part-time students in the executive development program was used to test the hypothesized model by employing a structural equation modeling approach.FindingsWRC showed a significant positive association with task focus which in turn was positively related to workplace thriving. Furthermore, as predicted, the positive association between WRC and workplace thriving via task focus was stronger for employees with high core self-evaluations compared to those with low core-self evaluations.Originality/valueThe results of this study suggest that an individual's WRC can be instrumental in augmenting workplace thriving by providing a scientific explanation for the underlying psychological process of task focus and identifying the factors associated with the process, such as core-self evaluations. This study contributes to extending the literature on significant employee outcomes, i.e. thriving at work, by offering new empirical and theoretical insights that WRC may play a critical role in the process and identifying a boundary condition of personality factor, i.e. core-self evaluations.
Enhancement of natural convection of a nanofluid by stress-free patches in an L-shaped enclosure
Authors: Ma Yuan , Tang Hui , Wang Chenglei 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aims at investigating the heat transfer characteristics of a nonsquare enclosure when hydrodynamic resistance is altered discontinuously along its inner surface. Particularly, it focuses on investigating how several essential factors collaboratively influence the natural convection, including the Rayleigh number (Ra), the aspect ratio (AR), the nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕ) and the locations of changing hydrodynamic resistance.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve these objectives, an L-shaped enclosure of various AR is adopted, while zero local shear resistance is applied and modeled by stress-free (SF) patches of four distinct arrangements (corresponding to Cases 1–4). The nanofluid is modeled by Buongiorno’s two-phase model. The effects are explored using an in-house numerical framework based on a hybrid lattice Boltzmann-finite difference method with the total variation minimization scheme.

Findings
The results show that when Ra is sufficiently large, i.e. Ra = 105, SF patches can generally enhance the heat transfer performance regardless of other factors. However, the ways of achieving those enhancements are different, which mainly depend on the arrangement of the SF patches and AR but are nearly independent of ϕ. The maximum improvement of heat transfer can be achieved in Case 3 with AR = 0.6, Ra = 105 and ϕ = 0.04, where the averaged Nusselt number is enhanced by 8.89%.

Originality/value
This study presents a new scenario where the SF patches of various arrangements are applied to enhance the nanofluid natural convection of a nonsquared enclosure, and it reveals how the improvement is achieved and cooperatively affected by several important factors.
Determining audit fees: evidence from the Egyptian stock market
Authors: Saleh Mohamed A. , Ragab Yasmine M. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically examine the determinants affecting audit fees in the Egyptian context concerning different organizational forms and governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts financial and non-financial data from 62 Egyptian firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. The proposed audit fees model is developed by adopting panel data analysis to examine the effect of auditee, auditor and engagement attributes on audit fees. The validity of the proposed equation for determining audit fees on an annual basis was established by applying the fixed effect model results for the year 2020.FindingsThe results revealed that the most significant determinants that affect audit fees are liquidity, audit committee independence, audit report lag and the status of the audit firm. Audit fees of 95.7% are determined by these factors. The validation test proved that the proposed model was more accurate and closer to the estimated data at nearly 90.2%.Practical implicationsThe results of this paper would send early signals to audit firms, stakeholders and regulators regarding the determinants of audit fees, and provide an objective standard for fee-setting to be used by stock market regulators and professional bodies, in determining a minimum amount of audit fees that ensure a reasonable level of audit quality.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, this paper empirically examines the determinants of audit fees in an emerging market like Egypt and presents evidence for a period of six years.
Sustainable entrepreneurship in the equestrian sector through horse manure: a PLS-SEM approach
Authors: Lupoae Oana Daniela , Radu Riana Iren , Isai Violeta Maria , Mihai Oana Iuliana 
Published: February 2023

PurposeHorses play an important role in the agricultural industry around the world. The equestrian sector offers new markets and sustainable business opportunities. This paper, based on a structural equation modelling approach, seeks to explore the interests of Romanian entrepreneurs in developing a sustainable business in the equestrian sector by investing in the use of horse manure. This manure is an important renewable resource in the circular economy, including in the production of bioenergy and bio-fertilizers. The present research investigates whether there is an interest in developing such a business in Romania, built around three pillars: the environment, society and the economy.Design/methodology/approachPLS-SEM is an appropriate method for this research, where prediction of interest for sustainable entrepreneurship plays a central role. In total, 153 responses have been collected and validated based on a questionnaire and the invitations to complete were sent to people who are already entrepreneurs or have intention to become entrepreneurs in the near future.FindingsThe structural model shows that society's interest has the strongest effect on developing a sustainable business model through horse manure. Surprisingly, the study does not reflect an expected correlation between the interest in the environment and the development of a sustainable business model through horse manure resulting in bioenergy.Originality/valueThis study contributes to arousing the interest in research and even the development of a business by presenting the sustainability factors in the horse industry and adopting technological innovations, services, products and business models. The study was conducted in Romania, where, currently, the manure produced by horses is underexploited, and the equestrian sector requires new business models, innovations and sustainable development.
“The Exorcist”: a grounded theory on how individuals avoid unethical requests at work
Authors: Felix Bruno , Botelho Josinea , Nossa Valcemiro 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how individuals seek to reduce the occurrence of unethical requests at work and the effects of such strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors built a grounded theory through semi-structured interviews with 65 individuals who worked for companies involved in the Brazilian corruption scandal called Operation Car Wash.

Findings
The interviewees reported that they use two central strategies to avoid unethical requests: explicit moral communication (directly stating that they are not willing to adhere to an unethical request) and implicit communication (expressing such a refusal through moral symbols). Both strategies signal the morality of the communicator and lead the possible proponent of an unethical request to perceive a greater probability of being reported and, thus, avoid making such an unethical request. However, while explicit moral communication affects the perceived morality of the individual who would possibly make an unethical request, implicit (symbolic) moral communication does not. As a consequence, the risks of retaliation for making a moral communication are greater in the case of explicit moral communication, entailing that implicit moral communication is more effective and safer for the individual who wants to avoid unethical requests.

Originality/value
This paper broadens the literature on business ethics and moral psychology by shifting its focus from what organizations and leaders can do to prevent unethical behavior to what leaders can actively do to protect themselves from unethical requests.