bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Sleep Problems Explain the Association Between Work Stress and the Trajectories of Work Ability From Midlife to Pensionable Age?
Authors: Kontturi Marika , KC Prakash , Ervasti Jenni , Pentti Jaana , Myllyntausta Saana , Karkkola Petri , Honkalampi Kirsi , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThis study examined whether mid-life work stress, defined as job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), predicts work ability trajectories observed 12 years preceding the individual pensionable age. In addition, the role of sleep problems as a mediator in these associations was examined.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 2707 Finnish municipal employees.ResultsIdentified work ability trajectories were “stable excellent,” “stable good,” “moderate,” and “low decreasing.” Baseline job strain and ERI were associated with a greater likelihood of belonging to impaired work ability trajectories when compared with “stable good” trajectory. Baseline sleep problems explained the association of job strain by 38% and of ERI by 54%.ConclusionsMid-life work stress is associated with work ability in the last years preceding pensionable age. Sleep problems might be a potential mediator in these associations.
A rite of passage: The White Coat Ceremony for advanced practice registered nursing students
Authors: Estes Krista R. , Medina Rosario , Robertson Glenda , Jones Jacqueline 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Since 1993, when the Gold Foundation held its first White Coat Ceremony (WCC) to highlight humanism in medicine, many health professions have launched these ceremonies. In 2021, the University of Colorado College of Nursing hosted its first WCC. Postevent, a seven-question survey was sent to all faculty, staff, and student participants. The analytic question driving this program evaluation was as follows: “What is the significance of the White Coat Ceremony to APRN students?” Quantitative data from survey items were overwhelmingly positive; qualitative analysis of open-ended survey text reinforced the central WCC concept of Being/Becoming an APRN and elicited four themes: recognition, transition, symbolism, and connection. A detailed analysis of these themes is presented.
Metformin Reduces Tumor Growth in a Murine Flank Schwannoma Model
Authors: Manickavel Sudhir , Hartman Yolanda , Burns Andrew , Lora Gonzalez Manuel A. , Warram Jason , Walsh Erika , Hunter Jacob B. , Killeen Daniel E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Hypothesis
Metformin and aspirin reduce vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth.

Background
There have been reported associations between patients with VS prescribed metformin and decreased tumor volumetric growth. Aspirin has also been associated with decreased VS growth in animal studies.

Methods
Rat schwannoma cell lines were grown and implanted into 50 athymic nude mice. Tumors were grown to 5 mm, and then mice were injected with either low- or high-dose metformin, aspirin, or saline daily. Tumors were measured until 14 days elapsed or mice demonstrated symptoms such as ulceration, inability to walk, or passed away.

Results
There were no significant differences in day 0 tumor sizes between the control and the treatment groups (p = 0.73). In the low-dose, but not high-dose groups, day 7 volumes were significantly different for both metformin (p = 0.04) and aspirin (p = 0.02) compared with placebo. Mean tumor growth rates were 126.6 ± 65.6 mm3/day for saline compared with 73.7 ± 29.5 mm3/day for low-dose metformin (p = 0.03) and 68.7 ± 34.8 mm3/day for low-dose aspirin (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in tumor sizes (p = 0.59) or growth rates (p = 0.75) between low-dose metformin and aspirin groups. Low-dose groups had treatment stopped at 14 days, with continued monitoring demonstrating significant increases in tumor growth off treatment for both aspirin (p = 0.006) and metformin (p = 0.048).

Conclusions
Metformin treatment significantly reduced VS growth to a similar level as aspirin. Furthermore, when removing both metformin and aspirin treatment, tumor growth significantly increased.
Severe skin infections
Authors: Windsor Camille , Urbina Tomas , de Prost Nicolas 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The incidence of necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI) has increased during recent decades. These infections are still associated with high morbidity and mortality, underlining a need for continued education of the medical community. This review will focus on practical approaches to management of NSTI focusing on antibiotic therapies and optimizing the management of group A streptococcus (GAS)-associated NSTIs.

Recent findings
Antibiotic therapy for NSTI patients faces several challenges as the rapid progression of NSTIs mandates broad-spectrum agents with bactericidal action. Current recommendations support using clindamycin in combination with penicillin in case of GAS-documented NSTIs. Linezolide could be an alternative in case of clindamycin resistance.

Summary
Reducing the time to diagnosis and first surgical debridement, initiating early broad-spectrum antibiotics and early referral to specialized centres are the key modifiable factors that may impact the prognosis of NSTIs. Causative organisms vary widely according to the topography of the infection, underlying conditions, and geographic location. Approximately one third of NSTIs are monomicrobial, involving mainly GAS or Staphylococcus aureus. Data for antibiotic treatment specifically for necrotizing soft-tissue infections are scarce, with guidelines mainly based on expert consensus.
Optimal drug therapy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in adults
Authors: Legg Amy , Davis Joshua S. , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen, causing a variety of infections, from skin and soft tissue infections to endocarditis, bone and joint infections and deep tissue abscesses. Mortality from S. aureus bacteraemia remains high, without major therapeutic advances in recent decades.

Recent findings
In recent years, optimized dosing of antibiotics is increasingly being recognized as a cornerstone of management for severe infections including S. aureus bacteraemia. This comprehensive review details the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) targets for commonly used antistaphylococcal antibiotics and the doses predicted to achieve them in clinical practice. Recent advances in dosing of teicoplanin and use of cefazolin in CNS infections and findings from combination therapy studies are discussed. Drug exposure relationships related to toxicity are also detailed.

Summary
This review details the different PK/PD targets for drugs used to treat S. aureus bacteraemia and how to apply them in various scenarios. The drug doses that achieve them, and the risks of toxicity are also provided.
Disparities among patients with respiratory failure
Authors: Blank Jessica A. , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Valley Thomas S. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewDisparities are common within healthcare, and critical illness is no exception. This review summarizes recent literature on health disparities within respiratory failure, focusing on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and sex.Recent findingsCurrent evidence indicates that Black patients have higher incidence of respiratory failure, while the relationships among race, ethnicity, and mortality remains unclear. There has been renewed interest in medical device bias, specifically pulse oximetry, for which data demonstrate patients with darker skin tones may be at risk for undetected hypoxemia and worse outcomes. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with higher mortality, and respiratory failure can potentiate socioeconomic inequities via illness-related financial toxicity. Literature on sex-based disparities is limited; however, evidence suggests males receive more invasive care, including mechanical ventilation.SummaryMost studies focused on disparities in incidence and mortality associated with respiratory failure, but few relied on granular clinical data of patients from diverse backgrounds. Future studies should evaluate processes of care for respiratory failure that may mechanistically contribute to disparities in order to develop interventions that improve outcomes.
Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): recent research and future directions
Authors: Sweetman Alexander , Osman Amal , Lack Leon , Crawford Megan , Wallace Douglas 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of reviewInsomnia and obstructive sleep apnea have previously been viewed as completely independent conditions. However, there is now increasing recognition that insomnia and sleep apnea frequently co-occur. Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with impairment of sleep, daytime function, mental health and physical health outcomes, and mortality risk. This review aims to provide an update on COMISA prevalence, consequences, treatment approaches, and future research directions.Recent findingsPeople with COMISA experience worse sleep, mental health, physical health, quality of life and longevity compared to people with neither condition, and often compared to those with insomnia alone and sleep apnea alone. Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is an effective treatment in the presence of treated and untreated sleep apnea, that may also improve manifestations and subsequent management of sleep apnea. Future research is required to understand the etiology of COMISA, and to develop and implement tailored treatment approaches.SummaryIt is important for sleep and respiratory technicians, researchers and clinicians to be aware of the high co-morbidity rates, consequences, and treatment requirements of patients with co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea.
A convolutional neural network-based system to estimate the arterial plasma radioactivity curve in 18F-FDG dynamic brain PET study
Authors: Kawauchi Keisuke , Saito Mui , Nishigami Kentaro , Katoh Chietsugu 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Quantitative images of metabolic activity can be derived through dynamic PET. However, the conventional approach necessitates invasive blood sampling to acquire the input function, thus limiting its noninvasive nature. The aim of this study was to devise a system based on convolutional neural network (CNN) capable of estimating the time-radioactivity curve of arterial plasma and accurately quantify the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc) directly from PET data, thereby eliminating the requirement for invasive sampling.

Methods
This retrospective investigation analyzed 29 patients with neurological disorders who underwent comprehensive whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT examinations. Each patient received an intravenous infusion of 185 MBq of 18F-FDG, followed by dynamic PET data acquisition and arterial blood sampling. A CNN architecture was developed to accurately estimate the time-radioactivity curve of arterial plasma.

Results
The CNN estimated the time-radioactivity curve using the leave-one-out technique. In all cases, there was at least one frame with a prediction error within 10% in at least one frame. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between CMRGlc obtained from the sampled blood and CNN yielded a highly significant value of 0.99.

Conclusion
The time-radioactivity curve of arterial plasma and CMRGlc was determined from 18F-FDG dynamic brain PET data using a CNN. The utilization of CNN has facilitated noninvasive measurements of input functions from dynamic PET data. This method can be applied to various forms of quantitative analysis of dynamic medical image data.
Use of genomic markers to improve epidemiologic and clinical research in urology
Authors: Cancel-Tassin Géraldine , Koutros Stella 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Urologic cancers result from the appearance of genomic alterations in the target organ due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Knowledge of the genomic markers involved in their etiology and mechanisms for their development continue to progress. This reviewed provides an update on recent genomic studies that have informed epidemiologic and clinical research in urology.

Recent findings
Inherited variations are an established risk factor for urologic cancers with significant estimates of heritability for prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer. The roles of both rare germline variants, identified from family-based studies, and common variants, identified from genome-wide association studies, have provided important information about the genetic architecture for urologic cancers. Large-scale analyses of tumors have generated genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data that have also provided novel insights into etiology and mechanisms. These tumors characteristics, along with the associated tumor microenvironment, have attempted to provide more accurate risk stratification, prognosis of disease and therapeutic management.

Summary
Genomic studies of inherited and acquired variation are changing the landscape of our understanding of the causes of urologic cancers and providing important translational insights for their management. Their use in epidemiologic and clinical studies is thus essential.
Lack of association of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lamichhane Pratik , Qureshi Maha Rahim , Islam Nabila , Sanipini Sailakshmn , Gopaul Vakeanand , Razick Shakira Dilfazeer , Agrawal Anushka , Falfan-Valencia Ramces 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Our meta-analysis aims to explore the association of two single nucleotide variants; rs9939609 and rs8050136, within the FTO gene with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Methods:
The association of two single nucleotide variants with PTB in three genetic models was evaluated using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs.

Results:
No significant association was observed between the rs9939609 polymorphism and PTB when assuming an allelic model (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.85–1.41; P=0.47; I2 = 64.98%), a recessive model (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 0.87–4.77; P=0.10; I2 = 67.18%), or a dominant model (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83–1.11; P=0.56; I2 = 27.45%). Likewise, no association was observed between rs8050136 polymorphism and PTB when assuming allelic model (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.87–1.58; P=0.31; I2 = 64.20%) or recessive model (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.32–3.38; P=0.95; I2 = 68.82%) or dominant model (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.87–1.71; P=0.26; I2 = 58.69%).

Conclusion:
There might be no association between the rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants in the FTO gene, and the risk of PTB.
Association of vitamin D and functional dyspepsia: a case-control study
Authors: Das Dhriti Sundar , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Panigrahi Manas Kumar , Sahoo Debananda 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Vitamin D plays a key role in responses of brain-gut axis. It has been suggested that functional dyspepsia (FD) may be associated with decreased levels of vitamin D. Hence this study wished to find the association between vitamin D in patients with FD.

Materials and methods:
This case-control study was done at a tertiary care hospital with 150 cases and 150 controls. FD was diagnosed by the ROME IV criteria. Demographic profile and serum vitamin D levels including Perceived Stress Score (PSS) and salivary amylase were determined for both cases and controls.

Results:
Majority of the FD cases were males (57.3%). Post-prandial distress syndrome represented the major type of FD cases (69.3%). A higher mean BMI was found among the control group (23.2 vs. 21.2, P<0.05) and higher percentage of obese individuals in the control group (42.7% vs. 29.3%, P= 0.05). Majority of the cases are from rural background (89.3% vs. 74%, P<0.001). Comparison of PSS showed that cases had significantly higher grades of PSS than control (P<0.001). However, no significant association was found in the levels of salivary amylase between the groups (P=0.728). Hypovitaminosis D (<30 ng/ml) was found significantly more among cases than controls (73.3% vs. 60%; P<0.05) with an odds ratio of 1.833 (CI 95%= 1.126–2.985). After adjustment of age, place of residence and BMI, vitamin D levels were significantly associated with FD in the regression analysis.

Conclusion:
This study shows significant association of vitamin D deficiency in FD patients. It also opens up new avenues for further research into the role of vitamin D supplementation to further improve the management of such cases.
Severe acute organophosphate poisoning managed with 2-month prolonged atropine therapy: a case report
Authors: Bashyal Bibhav , Yadav Alisha , Deo Anand K. , Kharel Kirti K. , Kharel Deepshikha , Panthi Bishal 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is a common and potentially fatal condition that requires prompt and aggressive treatment with atropine, oximes, and supportive care. We report a rare case of OP poisoning that needed high doses of atropine and intensive care for 60 days.

Case Presentation:
A 39-year-old male ingested 200 ml of chlorpyrifos, an OP compound, and presented with vomiting and epigastric pain. He received an initial dose of atropine of 60 ml (36 mg, 1 ml=0.6 mg), followed by an infusion of 16 ml/h (9.6 mg/h). He developed hypoxia, cardiac arrest, delirium, fever, and persistent bronchorrhea. He was intubated, resuscitated, and transferred to ICU, where he continued showing signs of OP excess and therefore, he received up to 170 ml/h (102 mg/h) of atropine infusion, along with triple inotropes and sedation. He underwent tracheostomy and gradual weaning of atropine. He recovered completely and was discharged in stable condition.

Clinical Discussion:
This case demonstrates the need for prolonged monitoring of patients with OP poisoning wherein the patient can develop signs of OP excess even after initial atropinization, the effectiveness of multiple doses of atropine in OP poisoning, and the importance of monitoring for complications associated with a prolonged hospital stay. It also shows the potential need for prolonged atropine therapy and intensive care in OP poisoning.

Conclusion:
OP poisoning can be life-threatening and requires early and aggressive treatment with atropine, oximes, and supportive care. Clinicians should be aware of the potential need for prolonged atropine therapy in OP poisoning cases to improve the chances of survival.
Condoms on Campus: Understanding College Students’ Embarrassment, Self-Efficacy, and Beliefs about Distribution Programs
Authors: Oswalt Sara B. , Butler Scott , Sundstrom Beth , Hughes Charmayne M. L. , Petonic Robbins Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Condom distribution programs are a structural level intervention implemented on college campuses to reduce STIs and unplanned pregnancies. Understanding students’ beliefs about these programs and attitudes that can affect condom use is critical.

Methods
Students at six different universities (n = 2,809) completed items related to beliefs about campus condom distribution programs and their personal condom embarrassment and condom self-efficacy levels. Surveys were completed both in classroom and online. T-tests and ANOVA were used to examine differences based on demographics. Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of condom use.

Results
College students support the distribution of condoms on campus (97.4%) but express moderate levels of embarrassment in condom acquisition and possession (Mean = 19.37). Lower rates of embarrassment were reported for condom negotiation (Mean = 9.13) and actual condom use (Mean = 8.48). Lower overall rates of embarrassment were reported by condom users, men and individuals in relationships compared to non-condom users, women and single individuals. Heterosexual students were more embarrassed than bisexual students about acquiring condoms and negotiating condom use. Condom users, men, and individuals in relationships had higher rates of condom self-efficacy compared to non-users, women and single students. There were no differences in self-efficacy based on sexual orientation. Embarrassment about acquiring and actual use of condoms, condom self-efficacy and demographics were all significant predictors of condom use.

Conclusions
Campus condom distribution programs are supported by college students. Interventions to address embarrassment and increase condom self-efficacy need to be tailored to different students based on gender, experience with condoms, and relationship status.
Potential Predictors of Severe and Recurrent Pancreatitis in Children
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
Severe pancreatitis often requires intensive care; therefore, early detection is important. This study aimed to evaluate the possible predictors of pancreatitis severity in children. Furthermore, we evaluated the prevalence of pancreatitis recurrence and related factors.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients aged younger than 18 years who were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis between January 2017 and June 2022. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed and classified based on the revised Atlanta criteria.

Results
A total of 64 patients were enrolled, and severe pancreatitis was observed in 10 (15.6%) patients. Patients with severe pancreatitis were younger and had higher C-reactive protein levels than those with mild pancreatitis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of C-reactive protein levels at admission and 48 hours after diagnosis were 0.612 (95% confidence interval, 0.379–0.844) and 0.873 (95% confidence interval, 0.537–0.983), respectively. Fourteen patients (21.9%) experienced further episodes of recurrent pancreatitis. Patients with recurrent pancreatitis were older (13.7 vs 11.4 years, P = 0.022) and prominently boys (85.7 vs 52%, P = 0.022) compared with those without recurrence. Obesity was observed in 4 (0.6%) patients, which was confirmed in all recurrence groups and was statistically significant.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of C-reactive protein in the early risk assessment of patients with acute pancreatitis and highlighted the potential risk of recurrence in patients with obesity.