bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irreversibility analysis of electromagnetic hybrid nanofluid for Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model using finite element approach
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Amer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo get a better heat transmission capacity of ordinary fluids, new hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) with a considerably greater exponent heat than nanofluids (NFs) are being used. HNFs, which have a greater heat exponent than NFs, are being applied to increase the HT capacities of regular fluids. Two-element nanoparticles mixed in a base fluid make up HNFs. This research investigates the flow and HT features of HNF across a slick surface. As a result, the geometric model is explained by employing symmetry. The technique includes nanoparticles shape factor, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous media, Cattaneo–Christov, and thermal radiative heat flux effects. The governing equations are numerically solved by consuming a method known as the Galerkin finite element method (FEM). In this study, H2O-water was utilized as an ironic, viscous improper fluid, and HNF was investigated. Copper (Co) and Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V) nanoparticles are found in this fluid. The HT level of such a fluid (Ti6Al4V-Co/H2O) has steadily increased in comparison to ordinary Co-H2O NFs, which is a significant discovery from this work. The inclusion of nanoparticles aids in the stabilization of a nanofluid flowing and maintains the symmetry of the flow form. The thermal conductivity is highest in the boundary-lamina-shaped layer and lowest in sphere-shaped nanoparticles. A system's entropy increases by three characteristics: their ratio by fractional size, their radiated qualities, and their heat conductivity modifications. The primary applications of this examination are the biological and medical implementations like dental and orthopedic implantable devices, as well as other devices such as screws and plates because they possess a favorable set of characteristics such as good biomaterials, corrosion resistance and wear, and great mechanical characteristics.
Angiotensin II type 2 receptor activation preserves megalin in the kidney and prevents proteinuria in high salt diet fed rats
Authors: Kulkarni Kalyani , Patel Sanket , Ali Riyasat , Hussain Tahir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProteinuria is a risk factor for and consequence of kidney injury. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) is an emerging reno-protective target and is anti-proteinuric under pathological conditions, including high salt-fed obese animals. However, the mechanisms remain unknown, particularly whether the anti-proteinuric activity of AT2R is independent of its anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, obese Zucker rats were fed high sodium (4%) diet (HSD) for 48 h, a time in which blood pressure does not change. HSD caused proteinuria without affecting glomerular slit diaphragm proteins (nephrin and podocin), glomerular filtration rate, inflammatory and fibrotic markers (TNFα, IL-6, and TGF-β), ruling out glomerular injury, inflammation and fibrosis but indicating tubular mechanisms of proteinuria. At cellular and molecular levels, we observed a glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β-mediated megalin phosphorylation, and its subsequent endocytosis and lysosomal degradation in HSD-fed rat kidneys. Megalin is a major proximal tubular endocytic protein transporter. The AT2R agonist C21 (0.3 mg/kg/day, i.p.) administration prevented proteinuria and rescued megalin surface expression potentially by activating Akt-mediated phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3β in HSD-fed rat kidneys. Overall, AT2R has a direct anti-proteinuric activity, potentially via megalin regulation, and is suggested as a novel target to limit kidney injury.
Association between the early mobilization of mechanically ventilated patients and independence in activities of daily living at hospital discharge
Authors: Watanabe Shinichi , Hirasawa Jun , Naito Yuji , Mizutani Motoki , Uemura Akihiro , Nishimura Shogo , Morita Yasunari , Iida Yuki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhysical dysfunction after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) is recognized as a common complication among ICU patients. Early mobilization (EM), defined as the ability to sit on the edge of the bed within 5 days, may help improve physical dysfunction. However, the barriers to, and achievement of, EM and their impact on physical dysfunction have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the achievement of EM and barriers to it and their impact on patient outcomes in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. We conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study by collecting data from six ICUs in Japan. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU between April 2019 and March 2020, were aged ≥ 18 years, and received mechanical ventilation for > 48 h were eligible. The primary outcome was the rate of independent activities of daily living (ADL), defined as a score ≥ 70 on the Barthel index at hospital discharge. Daily changes in barriers of mobilization, including consciousness, respiratory, circulatory, medical staff factors, and device factors (catheter, drain, and dialysis), along with the clinical outcomes were investigated. The association among barriers, mobilization, and Barthel index ≥ 70 was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. During the study period, 206 patients were enrolled. EM was achieved in 116 patients (68%) on the fifth ICU day. The primary outcome revealed that achieving EM was associated with a Barthel index ≥ 70 at hospital discharge [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70–6.96]. Device factors (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.75, respectively) were significantly associated with EM achievement. EM was associated with independent ADL at hospital discharge. Time to first mobilization and barriers to achieving mobilization can be important parameters for achieving ADL independence at discharge. Further research is required to determine the most common barriers so that they can be identified and removed.
Moderation effects of loneliness between fatalism and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Miranda Ayala Rafael , Torrelles-Nadal Cristina , Magro Lazo Giancarlo , Filella Guiu Gemma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has put more than just our physical health at risk. Due to containment measures, people have become increasingly isolated and have drastically reduced their daily social interactions. Many studies have already shown the negative effects of these measures, including fatalism. However, research linking fatalism during COVID-19 to well-being indicators is still limited. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between COVID-19-related fatalism and well-being indicators, as well as the role of loneliness in moderating this relationship. Data was collected from 1,036 adults in Peru through an online survey that included the Quality-of-Life Index, the Fatalism Facing COVID-19 Scale, the Loneliness Scale, and the Mood Assessment Scale. Three models were tested using linear regression and ordinary least squares with bias-corrected bootstrapping. The results indicate that fatalism has a negative impact on quality of life and a positive effect on negative affect, and loneliness moderates both relationships, supporting the conclusion that fatalism exacerbates the effect of well-being indicators and negative affect.
Rapid oxidative fragmentation of polypropylene with pH control in seawater for preparation of realistic reference microplastics
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Ohshima Yuina , Uchiyama Taishi , Motokucho Suguru , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Kim Hee-Jin , Yagi Mitsuharu , Kyozuka Yusaku 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious tiny plastic particles were retrieved from the sea and studied using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis to prepare realistic reference microplastics (MP). Most of the MP exhibited a diameter of < 20 × 10−6 m and 0.1–0.2 molar ratios of oxygen to carbon atoms (O/C), indicating that they primarily comprised polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). It took a long time to reproduce such O/C ratios in standard laboratory weathering methods. For example, degrading of 30 × 30 × 0.060 mm PP film required 75 days for the 0.1 ratio, even with an advanced oxidation process (AOP) using a sulfate radical anion (SO4·−) initiator in distilled water at 65 °C. However, seawater drastically improved the PP degradation performance of AOP under a weak acid condition to achieve the 0.1 ratio of PP film in only 15 days. The combination of seawater and the SO4·− initiator accelerated the degradation process and showed that the MP’s size could be controlled according to the degradation time.
Identification of an immunogenic cell death-related gene signature predicts survival and sensitivity to immunotherapy in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Shuoming , Lu Yanwen , Chen Yuxin , Gan Weidong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is the trigger of adaptive immune responses. However, the role of ICD-related genes in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. We aimed to identify biomarkers associated with ICD and develop an ICD-related predictive model that predicts the immune microenvironment, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy in ccRCC. Our study included 739 patients (603 in the training set and 136 in the validation set) with clinicopathologic information and transcriptome sequencing data. Consensus clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), univariate COX analysis, multivariate COX analysis, and the Lasso-Cox algorithm were applied to shrink predictors and construct a predictive signature of overall survival (OS). We used CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and TIMER in the R package IOBR to evaluate the tumor microenvironment and immune infiltration pattern of each sample. Finally, the single cell sequencing results of immune cells in ccRCC were used to verify the results of immune infiltration analysis, and the performance of the prognostic model was evaluated by calibration curves and c-index. This study revealed that inability of the initial immune response and primary immunodeficiency were significantly enriched in the ICD subgroup with poor prognosis. We found that the ten candidate ICD genes (CALR, ENTPD1, FOXP3, HSP90AA1, IFNB1, IFNG, IL6, LY96, PIK3CA, and TLR4) could affect the prognosis of ccRCC (p < 0.05). The prediction model (PRE) we constructed can not only predict the long-term survival probability but also evaluate the landscape of immune infiltration in ccRCC. Our study demonstrated that low infiltration of dendritic cells in ccRCC implies a poor prognosis, whereas the degree of CTL infiltration is less important. An individualized prediction model was created to predict the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival and responsiveness of ccRCC patients to immunotherapy, which may serve as a potent tool for clinicians to make better treatment decisions and thus improve the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients in the future.
The relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older
Authors: Tie Yu , Tian Wen , Chen Yiru , Wang Ruiting , Shi Peng , Feng Xiaosu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo explore the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older. Analysis based on 29,466 validated cases in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS 2018). The chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for comparative analysis between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior. Gender and birth cohort differences in the relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior were explored based on stratified regression analysis using gender and birth cohort as stratified variables, respectively. Robustness testing based on multiple linear regression analysis using a replacement data approach. There were 8735 cases of smokers among the respondents. After controlling for relevant confounders, there was a significant negative association between physical exercise and smoking behavior among residents [OR 0.718, 95% CI (0.673, 0.765), P < 0.01]. Physical exercise was more significantly associated with smoking behavior among male residents [OR 0.694, 95% CI (0.649, 0.743), P < 0.01], while it was not significantly associated with smoking behavior among female residents [OR 0.901, 95% CI (0.743, 1.093), P > 0.05]. Physical exercise was more significantly associated with smoking behavior in the pre-1948 (OR 0.748), 1959–1968 (OR 0.748), 1969–1978 (OR 0.812), 1989–1998 (OR 0.576) and post-1999 (OR 0.411) birth cohorts, and the association decreased over time and with social change. The results of the robustness test showed that frequency of exercise was significantly and negatively associated with smoking behavior among residents [OR 0.961, 95% CI (0.951, 0.970), P < 0.01]. Physical exercise is negatively associated with smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older, especially among male residents. There is a cohort effect between physical exercise and smoking behavior of the population, that is, the relationship between the two decreases with social change.
Computational study of blood flow inside MCA aneurysm with/without endovascular coiling
Authors: Sadeh Asal , Kazemi Admin , Bahramkhoo Moharam , Barzegar Gerdroodbary M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe simulation of blood hemodynamics inside the MCA aneurysm is done to investigate the potential region for rupture and hemorrhage. The main focus of this work is to disclose the impacts of endovascular coiling on blood hemodynamics and the risk of aneurysm rupture. Navier–stokes equations are solved for the computational study of blood flow while it is assumed that flow remains laminar, unsteady, and non-Newtonian. Influences of blood hematocrits and coiling porosity are also examined in this work. Obtained results show that impacts of blood hematocrit on the maximum OSI are limited in the MCA case.
Ray tracing optimization: a new method for intraocular lens power calculation in regular and irregular corneas
Authors: Pérez-Merino Pablo , Aramberri Jaime , Quintero Andrés Vásquez , Rozema Jos J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo develop a novel algorithm based on ray tracing, simulated visual performance and through-focus optimization for an accurate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. Custom-developed algorithms for ray tracing optimization (RTO) were used to combine the natural corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) with multiple sphero-cylindrical corrections in 210 higher order statistical eye models for developing keratoconus. The magnitude of defocus and astigmatism producing the maximum Visual Strehl was considered as the optimal sphero-cylindrical target for IOL power calculation. Corneal astigmatism and the RMS HOAs ranged from − 0.64 ± 0.35D and 0.10 ± 0.04 μm (0-months) to − 3.15 ± 1.38D and 0.82 ± 0.47 μm (120-months). Defocus and astigmatism target was close to neutral for eyes with low amount of HOAs (0 and 12-months), where 91.66% of eyes agreed within ± 0.50D in IOL power calculation (RTO vs. SRK/T). However, corneas with higher amounts of HOAs presented greater visual improvement with an optimized target. In these eyes (24- to 120-months), only 18.05% of eyes agreed within ± 0.50D (RTO vs. SRK/T). The power difference exceeded 3D in 42.2% while the cylinder required adjustments larger than 3D in 18.4% of the cases. Certain amounts of lower and HOAs may interact favourably to improve visual performance, shifting therefore the refractive target for IOL power calculation.
SCAPS simulation of novel inorganic ZrS2/CuO heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Abdelfatah Mahmoud , El Sayed Adel M. , Ismail Walid , Ulrich Stephan , Sittinger Volker , El-Shaer Abdelhamid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZrS2 is transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) which is believed one of the most talented applicants to fabricate photovoltaics. Therefore, we present here for the first-time numerical simulation of novel inorganic ZrS2/CuO heterojunction solar cells employing SCAPS-1D. The influence of the thickness, carrier concentration, and bandgap for both the window and absorber layers on the solar cell fundamental parameters was explored intensely. Our results reveal that the solar cell devices performance is mainly affected by many parameters such as the depletion width (Wd), built-in voltage (Vbi), collection length of charge carrier, the minority carrier lifetime, photogenerated current, and recombination rate. The η of 23.8% was achieved as the highest value for our simulated devices with the Voc value of 0.96 V, the Jsc value of 34.2 mA/cm2, and the FF value of 72.2%. Such efficiency was obtained when the CuO band gap, thickness, and carrier concentration were 1.35 eV, 5.5 µm, and above 1018 cm−3, respectively, and for the ZrS2 were 1.4 eV, 1 µm, and less than 1020 cm−3, respectively. Our simulated results indicate that the inorganic ZrS2/CuO heterojunction solar cells are promising to fabricate low-cost, large-scale, and high-efficiency photovoltaic devices.
Collagen constitutes about 12% in females and 17% in males of the total protein in mice
Authors: Tarnutzer Katharina , Siva Sankar Devanarayanan , Dengjel Joern , Ewald Collin Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCollagen has been postulated to be the most abundant protein in our body, making up one-third of the total protein content in mammals. However, a direct assessment of the total collagen levels of an entire mammal to confirm this estimate is missing. Here we measured hydroxyproline levels as a proxy for collagen content together with total protein levels of entire mice or of individual tissues. Collagen content normalized to the total protein is approximately 0.1% in the brain and liver, 1% in the heart and kidney, 4% in the muscle and lung, 6% in the colon, 20–40% in the skin, 25–35% in bones, and 40–50% in tendons of wild-type (CD1 and CB57BL/6) mice, consistent with previous reports. To our surprise, we find that collagen is approximately 12% in females and 17% in males of the total protein content of entire wild-type (CD1 and CB57BL/6) mice. Although collagen type I is the most abundant collagen, the most abundant proteins are albumin, hemoglobulin, histones, actin, serpina, and then collagen type I. Analyzing amino acid compositions of mice revealed glycine as the most abundant amino acid. Thus, we provide reference points for collagen, matrisome, protein, and amino acid composition of healthy wild-type mice.
Association between handgrip strength and heart failure in adults aged 45 years and older from NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Li Run-Min , Dai Guo-Hua , Guan Hui , Gao Wu-Lin , Ren Li-Li , Wang Xing-Meng , Qu Hui-Wen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that handgrip strength (HGS) is a conspicuous marker for assessing some diseases affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, research regarding HGS and heart failure (HF) is sparse and controversial. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between HGS and HF among adults aged 45 years and older in the United States. In this cross-sectional study, we included 4524 adults older than 45 years who were part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A generalized additive model was used to estimate the association between HGS and HF. Age, gender, race, income, education, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, vigorous physical activity, total energy intake, total protein intake, total sugars intake, and total fat intake covariates were adjusted using multiple regression models. And further subgroup analysis was conducted. We documented 189 cases of HF, including 106 men and 83 women. HGS was negatively associated with HF after adjusting for all the covariates (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval = 0.96–0.99; P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile was associated with an 82% lower incidence of HF (odds ratio = 0.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.43; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the results remained stable. In US adults older than 45, HGS was negatively associated with HF after adjusting for covariates. This finding had the potential to draw attention to the physiological and pathological effects of decreased muscle function on HF and may influence further prospective studies with intervention trials.
PIK3CA and PIK3R1 tumor mutational landscape in a pan-cancer patient cohort and its association with pathway activation and treatment efficacy
Authors: Tharin Zoé , Richard Corentin , Derangère Valentin , Ilie Alis , Arnould Laurent , Ghiringhelli François , Boidot Romain , Ladoire Sylvain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is little data concerning the implications of PIK3CA mutations outside of the known hotspots described in ER+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Similarly, PIK3R1 mutations could also lead to activation of PI3K pathway, but are poorly described. We determined the incidence and type of all somatic PIK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations by whole exome sequencing (WES) in a pan-cancer cohort of 1200 patients. Activation of the PI3K pathway was studied using phospho-AKT immunohistochemistry. Associations between PIK3CA/PIK3R1 mutations and response to chemotherapy were studied in mBC cases. We found 141 patients (11.8%) with a PIK3CA and/or PIK3R1 mutation across 20 different cancer types. The main cancer subtype was mBC (45.4%). Eighty-four mutations (62.2%) occurred in the three described hotspots; 51 mutations occurred outside of these hotspots. In total, 78.4% were considered activating or probably activating. Among PIK3R1 mutations, 20% were loss of function mutations, leading to a constitutional activation of the pathway. Phospho-AKT quantification in tumor samples was in favor of activation of the PI3K pathway in the majority of mutated tumors, regardless of mutation type. In ER+/HER2− mBC, first line chemotherapy efficacy was similar for PIK3CA-mutated and PIK3CA-WT tumors, whereas in triple negative mBC, chemotherapy appeared to be more effective in PIK3CA-WT tumors. In this large, real-life pan-cancer patient cohort, our results indicate that PIK3CA/PIK3R1 mutations are widely spread, and plead in favour of evaluating the efficacy of PI3K inhibitors outside of ER+/HER2− mBC and outside of hotspot mutations.
A study on Shine-Muscat grape detection at maturity based on deep learning
Authors: Wei Xinjie , Xie Fuxiang , Wang Kai , Song Jian , Bai Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe efficient detection of grapes is a crucial technology for fruit-picking robots. To better identify grapes from branch shading that is similar to the fruit color and improve the detection accuracy of green grapes due to cluster adhesion, this study proposes a Shine-Muscat Grape Detection Model (S-MGDM) based on improved YOLOv3 for the ripening stage. DenseNet is fused in the backbone feature extraction network to extract richer underlying grape information; depth-separable convolution, CBAM, and SPPNet are added in the multi-scale detection module to increase the perceptual field of grape targets and reduce the model computation; meanwhile, PANet is combined with FPN to promote inter-network information flow and iteratively extract grape features. In addition, the CIOU regression loss function is used and the prior frame size is modified by the k-means algorithm to improve the accuracy of detection. The improved detection model achieves an AP value of 96.73% and an F1 value of 91% on the test set, which are 3.87% and 3% higher than the original network model, respectively; the average detection speed under GPU reaches 26.95 frames/s, which is 6.49 frames/s higher than the original model. The comparison results with several mainstream detection algorithms such as SSD and YOLO series show that the method has excellent detection accuracy and good real-time performance, which is an important reference value for the problem of accurate identification of Shine-Muscat grapes at maturity.