bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conduction Mechanism and Influencing Factors of SiC MOSFET
Authors: An Yiping , Wang Yifan , Wu Yujin , Yang Jiazhen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of the microelectronics industry, power semiconductor devices are getting more and more attention from the industry. At the same time, discussions on the application of power semiconductor materials have never stopped. Over the years, SiC material has stood out because of its superior physical characteristics. Compared with traditional Si MOSFET technology, SiC MOSFET technology has better physical characteristics in some aspects and has a broader market prospect. This paper introduces the conduction mechanism of SiC MOSFET and its performance factors, and the volume effect, bias temperature instability, and threshold voltage drift of SiC MOSFET are discussed. This paper is helpful in understanding the broad application prospects of SiC MOSFET technology and the difference and reform between SiC MOSFET and traditional Si MOSFET.
Working principle and characteristic analysis of SiC MOSFET
Authors: Yao Jifan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Power semiconductor devices are frequently used in the electronic and power industries. As the third-generation broadband gap power semiconductor devices, silicon carbide devices have attracted extensive attention. This paper introduces the internal and external structure of SiC MOSFET in detail and analyzes the basic working principle of SiC MOSFET and the electrical characteristics of each stage in the conductive process. By analyzing the theoretical calculation method of threshold voltage under body effect and the relationship diagram drawn by specific experimental test results, it is proved that the increase of body effect will lead to the decrease of the threshold voltage. Two main reasons for BTI characteristics are explained: the energy band shift of the SiC/SiO2 interface is small, and there are many charge traps at SiC/SiO2 interface. Finally, the theoretical calculation method of threshold voltage and the influence principle of threshold voltage drift caused by SiC/SiO2 interface charge: interface trap Qit, oxide trap Qot, movable ion Qm and fixed charge Qf are analyzed. The research on the basic principle and important characteristics of SiC MOSFET in this paper have important reference significance for improving the reliability of SiC MOSFET devices.
Limit shape for infinite rank limit of tensor power decomposition for Lie algebras of series
so2n+1
*
Authors: Nazarov Anton , Nikitin Pavel , Postnova Olga 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider the Plancherel measure on irreducible components of tensor powers of the spinor representation of

s
o

2
n
+
1

. The irreducible representations correspond to the generalized Young diagrams. With respect to this measure the probability of an irreducible representation is the product of its multiplicity and dimension, divided by the total dimension of the tensor product. We study the limit shape of the generalized Young diagram when the tensor power N and the rank n of the algebra tend to infinity with

N

/

n

fixed. We derive an explicit formula for the limit shape and prove convergence to it in probability. We prove central limit theorem for global fluctuations around the limit shape.
Subsurface Investigation on Federal Route Failure at Pengkalan Raja, Pontian, Johor
Authors: Zainuddin N E , Zainal Z , Nagendran S K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Road settlement is one of the major problems that often occurs in soft soil ground areas. The combination of destructive test method (trial pit, Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and borehole) and non-destructive method by using seismic refraction, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) were performed to identify the factor causing the tension cracks and road differential settlement. The study area selected is at Section 39 to 50, Federal Route (FT005) Johor Bahru to Malacca (Pengkalan Raja, Pontian, Johor) because of the severe road condition which may cause an accident to road user. This paper presenting the result of destructive and a non-destructive test. From results of borehole, seismic, and ERT, the road was underlaid by 7-12m of a soft compressible layer. The GPR image showed the existing of concrete slab below the road has deviated from its original position and may not function as a foundation of road. In conclusion, the combination of destructive and non-destructive method is best approach in identifying the underground failure because it is the fastest solution, economical and suitable in area of high volume of traffic.
How Artificial Intelligence Changed the Construction Industry in Safety Issues
Authors: Razi PZ , Sulaiman SK , Ali MI , Ramli NI , Saad MSH , Jamaludin O , Doh SI 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the development of machine learning in construction as well as the preparation of appropriate software aims to provide improved solutions to potential safety hazards and risks within the construction environment. However, the fatalities and injuries in construction sites still happened frequently, and the high numbers of accidents and casualties make construction work the most hazardous occupation. This study aims to analyze the prioritize of artificial intelligence (AI) important factors in construction safety using the AHP method. Construction safety practitioners were selected as the respondent. The hierarchy was established consisting of five (5) factors, which were subsequently categorized into twelve (12) sub-factors. With 25.43 percent, jobsite was determined to be the most significant AI element in construction safety, followed by technology component with 25.37% and human error with 22.76%. The subfactors that prioritize are noticed to safety officers when workers disregard safety on the construction site with 69.21%, cloud computing technique, inspecting, controlling, and training with 60.04%, and AI in construction safety can predict the possible issues with 14.29%. The findings of this study can help software developers in determining the level of priority for the use of AI in the safety aspect of construction sites.
Multicriteria Decision Model for Road Construction Project
Authors: Ramlay SN , Razi PZ , Ali MI , Ramli NI , Saad MSH , Jamaludin O , Doh SI 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Construction of roads plays an important role in linking one area to another, and also acts as a substance for the local economy. However, the limitation of study on the project performance towards the road infrastructure construction project requires more precise attention. Thus, it requires distinct responsiveness from contractors to evaluate and cope with the risks. This study aims to identify the project execution risk factors involved in the road construction project, reference to a current case study from a federal government project Public Work Department (PWD) on the East Coast of Malaysia: Upgrading 14.7 kilometre (km) federal road from the Pekan town to Sungai Miang. This study will begin with the identification of the project execution risk factors, utilizing an extensive review of the literature. Next, the gathered risk factors will go through a pilot phase validation interview with road construction experts from the public work department (PWD) and also construction practitioners that are involved directly in the project case study. Findings found seven (7) main project execution risk factors involved in the road construction project, which include resource risk, land acquisition issue, project management issue, technical risk, service utility issue, unforeseen ground condition, and force majeure risk. Among the seven (7) factors twenty-one (21) project execution risk sub-factors, were further explored that are crucial to the project. The main contribution of this study is the final multi-criteria decision model obtained from literature searching cross-referenced to the real case study that may be beneficial to the road construction project team specifically.
The growth and development of Chlorella Vulgaris in the batch culture system
Authors: Zaini N , Kasmuri N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Phytoremediation technique using microalgae has been critically explored nowadays. This method has been employed to achieve cleaner production for a sustainable future. Moreover, phytoremediation imprints green technology as a promising alternative in long–term best management practices. Here, the research aims to cultivate the microalgae, in this case, Chlorella Vulgaris, in the batch culture system using three different mediums (wastewater effluent from wastewater treatment plant UiTM Dengkil, synthetic wastewater and nitrification medium). Optimum conditions such as an aeration system and an ambient environment with sufficient sunlight have been provided for microalgae growth. Here, the performance of Chlorella Vulgaris on the uptake of ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and phosphorus for the three mediums was observed daily until 14 days. From the results obtained, synthetic wastewater has been considered the suitable medium for the uptake of Chlorella Vulgaris. It can be observed that the percentage removal for nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, and phosphorus were 54.84%, 80.38%, 91.03%, and 67.21%, respectively. There is also a substantial increase in Chlorella Vulgaris growth in 14 days of cultivation in the synthetic wastewater medium. Moreover, it can be expected that the days of observation can be extended to achieve higher growth of Chlorella Vulgaris. Thus, it can portray a clearer insight into the performance of the microalgae for the degradation of the pollutants concerns.
Detection and Maintenance for Railway Track Defects: A Review
Authors: Li J. , Doh S. I. , Manogaran R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Steel rail has been at the heart of rail transportation systems for nearly a hundred years. With the rapid development of railway transportation, the steel rail operates in high-speed and heavy-duty operating environment. Steel rail is prone to damages; thus, frequency inspection and maintenance is required to prolong the lifespan of it. Failing to proper periodical inspection and maintenance shall result to accidents which cause injuries and fatality, high repair cost and loss of public confidence. Despite advances in inspection and maintenance technology in railway engineering, the ever-increasing demand for services has resulted in railway failures continuing to be a significant economic burden and jeopardizing the safe operation of railways. This paper reviewed the common defects of rails, the steel rail treatment methods and the application of new inspection equipment.
The Application of Lean Construction Concept in Multi-Storey Building Construction Project
Authors: Azzahra F , Rani H A , Erina M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Every construction project cannot be separated from various obstacles or failures. For this reason, it is necessary to improve planning using the lean construction method. The problem in this research is how to apply lean construction concepts, what factors can cause waste, and whether there are significant differences between the perceptions of contractors, supervisory consultants, and owners on the factors that cause waste to occur in fire station building construction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of lean construction and analyze the factors that cause waste and the differences between the perceptions of contractors, supervisory consultants, and owners. This study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the analysis of observations made, the application of lean construction that was reviewed has started to be implemented, and there are some that have not been implemented properly, such as checking for safety, increasing visualization, and first run studies, so that it can cause waste. Descriptive analysis shows that only a small part of the waste factor with data interpretation intervals is found, namely waiting time for instructions. The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of contractors, supervisory consultants, and owners of the factors that cause waste.
Exploring the barriers in implementation of qlassic in Malaysian construction industry from the perspective of contractors
Authors: Zahrizan Z , Affendy O.M , Khalimi Johan A H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Construction industry is one of the largest contributors to the economy in Malaysia. Many studies have showed the significant of the construction industry contribution but the issues of properties buyers especially still apprehensive in the industry. National House Buyers Association (HBA) has recorded thousands of complaints from buyers who were not satisfied with the condition of their new properties or the way defects were rectified. The main objectives of QLASSIC is to increase the quality of building but after more a decade the implementation of QLASSIC still lagging behind and there are still many developers and contractors are reluctant to use QLASSIC approach in their projects. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to explore the factor hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysia especially from the contractors’ perspective. Questionnaires were used as research instrument for collecting data information, then the data were analysed by using Relative Importance Index (RII). From the analysis, it is found that the main factors that could hinder the implementing of QLASSIC are; lack of coercive and mimetic pressures, lack of capabilities of staff in perform QLASSIC assessment practice due to minor size and type of organisation influence in adopting QLASSIC, higher cost to undergo training to operate QLASSIC’s tools and minimal benefits gained when adopting QLASSIC. In conclusion, it’s important to tackle the actual factors hindering the implementation of QLASSIC in Malaysian construction industry. Concurrently, every parties in the construction industry should play their roles in promoting the use of QLASSIC in their construction project. Besides that, the government has to make a new strategy in promoting the use of QLASSIC by providing incentive such as tax rebate if the contractors used QLASSIC assessor to access their projects.
Application of BIM in construction site safety: Systematic review
Authors: Shukri Najwa Syazana Mohd , Aminudin Eeydzah , Yap Loh Seng , Zakaria Rozana , Hamid Abd Rahim Abd , Kiong Mak Tuck 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Construction safety has become and establishment ever since decades. Construction industry especially workers involve in many activities that may expose them to serious hazards. However, with the transformation of current development in technology, safety has become vital especially the needs in improvement of its application on site via digitalization. The exploration on the needs of safety especially in Building Information Modelling has become crucial and there is a need for the application especially the digital twin. The construction industry needs to improve the safety performance by new technology. Building Information Modeling is one of the technologies that are being explored recently. Hence, this paper aims to obtain a comprehensive review especially on the current trend of analysis based on current practice of emerging technology that applied in current practice. Methodology of this paper by info analysis and VOS Viewer. There were 11 different terms were used to obtain the relevant literature including Scopus, Google and books guideline. After data cleaning, there’s almost 371 journal articles reviewed in between Jan 2011 and Aug 2021. There are 4 steps of framework being proposed which are analysis on the source of title, researcher, co-occurrence keyword and discussion. Hence from the results of co-occurrence based on the results shows that 21 keywords, as for the researcher were top 10 highlighted. It can be concluded that Building Information Modeling (BIM) and safety construction has the most citation for the current trend of research. Besides it is expected that this study has the potential outcome of research as references for next study on BIM and safety.
Flexural Behaviour of the Two-Way Spanning Reinforced Concrete Slab Using Spherical Plastic Bubble Balls
Authors: Muhamad Khairussaleh N A , Omar R , Mat Aris S , Mohd Nor M F , Mohd Saidi M A , Nik Mohd Mahari N M A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The use of conventional reinforced concrete in the construction industry increases each year, especially in developing countries. However, the concrete content, particularly cement production contributed to the greenhouse gas emission subsequently increase to climate change. Thus, the reinforced concrete slab containing high-density polyethene (HDPE) hollow spherical plastic bubble balls also known as bubble deck slabs were introduced for sustainable construction. This type of slab forms a slab that has less concrete volume compared to the normal solid reinforced concrete slab. Although this unique system can facilitate up to a 50% longer span compared to the conventional reinforced concrete solid slab, yet, it can cause the performance of the slab structure such as flexural and shear capacity may be affected due to the thirty to forty per cent of fewer concrete volumes. Hence, this paper studies the comparison of the performance of the two-way supported slabs; reinforced bubble deck slab and normal solid reinforced concrete slab after being subjected to the area loading. The square slabs are 1200mm by 1200mm in width and length with a thickness of 235mm. The investigations of the experiments included flexural strength, bending stiffness and load-deflection behaviour due to the impact of the area loading. Also, the crack propagation and crack pattern which differs also was shown for each type of slab system, especially in shear strength.
Plotting Position for Low Flow Frequency Analysis at Jempol River Streamflow Station
Authors: Samat S R , Othman N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low flow frequency analysis is an important technique for calculating the probability of river flow availability during crucial low flow seasons, such as drought. It is also useful to predict the low flow information of a river in volume and frequency for future planning and construction of water resource projects since the low flow has a significant impact on water quality, water supply, and river sustainability conditions. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the low flow frequency analysis of the Jempol River streamflow station using Weibull and Gringorten plotting position formulas. The average recurrence interval (ARI) of 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year were determined based on 18 years of historical streamflow data. The study illustrates the annual minimum flow magnitude of 1-, 4-, 7-, and 30-day durations for the study area. It shows that the Gringorten formula tends to give higher estimation values up to 18% compared to the Weibull formula when the flow duration increase. Therefore, the outcome of this study could be used in the future for any project related to the low flow information of Jempol River.
Mechanical Behaviour of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Ceramic Waste
Authors: Meillyta Meillyta , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Fahmi Zul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The use of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) which has high workability is the current choice to facilitate casting work so that it can pass through denser reinforcement areas without compaction. The rapidly increasing demand for concrete can cause damage to nature due to the overexploitation of minerals used for concrete such as crushed stone and lime. Construction waste can be an alternative to substitute the use of natural coarse and fine aggregate and an option to reduce gas emissions resulting from processing construction materials such as crushing work and cement production. Moreover, it can increase the efficiency of waste. In this study, ceramic waste is used as a substitute for coarse aggregate, which has the same characteristics as natural aggregate and is usually only dumped in landfill. This study aims to determine the mechanical behavior of SCC using ceramic waste as coarse aggregate substitution with a diameter of 9,52 mm. The mix design uses the Indonesian standard, SNI 7656-2012 with a maximum coarse aggregate size of 9.52 mm and Sika viscocrete 1003 as a superplasticizer. The concrete specimen is 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height cylinder of as many as 25 specimens. Design concrete strength is f’c = 25 MPa at 28 days old. The variation of the coarse aggregate substitution of ceramic waste is 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, and the 1.5% superplasticizer by the weight of cement. It is obtained that the maximum compressive strength of SCC is a variation of 50% ceramic waste, 25.98 MPa. It showed that the compressive strength did not experience a significant increase, which was only 0.06% increase from the design concrete strength. The stress value also showed a slight increase of 50% ceramic waste variation at 9.42 MPa with a 0.00254 strain value. The modulus of elasticity of concrete at maximum stress is 30,045.89 MPa. It can be concluded that ceramic waste can be used as a substitute for coarse aggregate in SCC. Although it cannot significantly increase the strength of the concrete as well as its stress and modulus of elasticity, ceramic waste substitution for natural aggregate in concrete can minimize the exploitation of minerals in nature and the strength also can exceed the design concrete strength.
Progress Monitoring at Construction Sites Using UAV Technology
Authors: Kaamin Masiri , Fahmizam Muhammad Afiq Fawwaz , Jefri Ahmad Syazwan , Sharom Muhammad Hafiz , Kadir Muhammad Azraie Abdul , Nor Ahmad Hakimi Mat , Supar Khairi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
One of the monitoring jobs in construction projects is conducting monthly surveys for monitoring the work done on the site. However, monitoring progress common for large-scale construction sites is arduous and time consuming. The manual method for monitoring a project is by taking pictures at the construction site using ordinary digital cameras that lacking in ability to capture the overall condition, especially for building structures that are too high or construction sites that are enormous. This study used UAV technology to help control and monitor the progress of monthly construction work at a construction site through visual image recording of the entire construction site. The study was conducted by recording images periodically for three months, which were then processed through Pix4Dmapper peripherals. This effort used photogrammetric UAV technique to achieve the main purpose. The study area was monitored to distinguish active and inactive areas from the first month to the third month in which orthomosaic images were taken to be analysed through Global Mapper software. The study proves the feasibility of using UAV as an alternative in visual monitoring and facilitating project management, as it is able to produce a more detailed view of the entire construction site area for each progress.