bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality of the QBO Impact on Equatorial Clouds
Authors: Sweeney Aodhan , Fu Qiang , Pahlavan Hamid A. , Haynes Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) dominates the interannual variability in the tropical lower stratosphere and is characterized by the descent of alternating easterly and westerly zonal winds. The QBO impact on tropical clouds and convection has received great attention in recent years due to its implications for weather and climate. In this study, a 15‐year record of high vertical resolution cloud observations from CALIPSO and a 50 hPa zonal wind QBO index from ERA5 are used to document the QBO impact on equatorial (10°S–10°N) clouds. Observations from radio occultations, the CERES instrument, and the ERA5 reanalysis are also used to document the QBO impact on temperature, cloud radiative effect (CRE), and zonal wind, respectively. It is shown that the QBO impact on zonal mean equatorial cloud fraction has a strong seasonality. The strongest cloud fraction response to the QBO occurs in boreal spring and early summer, which extends from above the mean tropopause to ∼12.5 km and results in a significant longwave CRE anomaly of 1 W/m2. The seasonality of the QBO impact on cloud fraction is synchronized with the QBO impacts on temperature and zonal wind in the tropical upper troposphere.
Indirect Effects of Binary Typhoons on an Extreme Rainfall Event in Henan Province, China From 19 to 21 July 2021. 3. Sensitivities to Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Zhao Dajun , Yin Jinfang , Duan Yihong , Gao Wenhua , Li Ying , Zhou Linli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious numerical studies have focused on the direct impact of microphysics schemes on multiscale atmospheric systems that produce rainfall. However, the indirect impact of microphysics schemes on the key large‐scale circulation around areas of extreme rainfall has not yet been examined systematically. We used the ARW‐WRF (Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) Model) to simulate the extreme rainfall event in Henan province, China from 19 to 21 July 2021. Experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the simulation to the three popular double‐moment microphysics parameterizations: the Thompson, Morrison and WDM6 (WRF Double‐Moment 6‐Class Microphysics Schemes). We found significant sensitivity to the microphysics parameterization, with the maximum precipitation varying by up to 400 mm and the area‐averaged precipitation by 33 mm. The Thompson and Morrison microphysics schemes produced the largest amount of precipitation, whereas the WDM6 scheme produced the smallest amount of precipitation. The simulated southerly flow varied substantially between the different microphysics schemes. This is due to the ability of the microphysics schemes to produce latent heat, which enhances the southerly flow, leading to more intense precipitation. The higher the parameterized latent heat, the stronger and more obvious the southerly flow over southern Henan province, with the WDM6 scheme simulating a much weaker southerly flow and the Thompson scheme producing the strongest southerly flow. These results indicate that the indirect effects on the key circulation patterns can be just as sensitive to the formulation of the microphysics scheme as the direct effects on extreme rainfall. These results may help to improve the prediction of extreme rainfall events.
Regional Variations in the Spreading‐Rate Dependence of Abyssal Hill Roughness as Indicators of Mantle Heterogeneity
Authors: Goff John A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbyssal hills are potential proxy records of mid‐ocean ridge faulting and volcanism, as well as the spreading rates and mantle properties that influence these processes. Satellite gravity‐based global prediction of abyssal hill root‐mean‐square (RMS) heights could provide such a proxy, but are broadly influenced off‐axis by pelagic sediment cover, which can lower their values by preferentially filling lows. Here I formulate a sediment‐corrected RMS height prediction by estimating an empirical relationship between mean RMS and sediment thickness as a function of spreading rate. I utilize these values to investigate regional variations in the spreading‐rate dependence of mean RMS across eight regions world‐wide, focusing on half spreading rates <40 mm/yr where spreading rate dependence is strongest. I find that regional variations in this relationship are significant, likely indicating heterogeneity in mantle properties between the different regions.
Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions
Authors: Wang Ji , Zhou Yumei , Zhang Honglei , Hu Linhan , Liu Juntong , Wang Lei , Wang Tianyi , Zhang Haiyun , Cong Linpeng , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAllergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body’s immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
Mechanisms of obesity- and diabetes mellitus-related pancreatic carcinogenesis: a comprehensive and systematic review
Authors: Ruze Rexiati , Song Jianlu , Yin Xinpeng , Chen Yuan , Xu Ruiyuan , Wang Chengcheng , Zhao Yupei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on obesity- and diabetes mellitus (DM)-related carcinogenesis has expanded exponentially since these two diseases were recognized as important risk factors for cancers. The growing interest in this area is prominently actuated by the increasing obesity and DM prevalence, which is partially responsible for the slight but constant increase in pancreatic cancer (PC) occurrence. PC is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by its insidious symptoms, delayed diagnosis, and devastating prognosis. The intricate process of obesity and DM promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis involves their local impact on the pancreas and concurrent whole-body systemic changes that are suitable for cancer initiation. The main mechanisms involved in this process include the excessive accumulation of various nutrients and metabolites promoting carcinogenesis directly while also aggravating mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolic disorders by affecting multiple pathways. Detrimental alterations in gastrointestinal and sex hormone levels and microbiome dysfunction further compromise immunometabolic regulation and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) for carcinogenesis, which can be exacerbated by several crucial pathophysiological processes and TME components, such as autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosome secretion. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the immunometabolic mechanisms of obesity- and DM-related pancreatic carcinogenesis and dissects how metabolic disorders impair anticancer immunity and influence pathophysiological processes to favor cancer initiation.
Efficacy and safety of pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: POMACE Phase II Study
Authors: Saj Fen , Nisha Yadav , Ganesan Prasanth , Kayal Smita , Kar Rakhee , Halanaik Dhanapathi , Dubashi Biswajit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone induction chemotherapy (VRd), followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), are the standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Pomalidomide is currently approved for relapsed-refractory multiple myeloma. This single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study was the prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bortezomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (VPd) induction for NDMM. We used Fleming’s two-stage design for sample size calculation. We included transplant-eligible and ineligible patients aged 18–75 years in the study. The patients received four cycles of VPd induction followed by response assessment. Thirty-four patients were included in the study, of which 31 completed all four cycles of induction. The median age was 52 years (32–72). Thirty (91%) patients had multiple myeloma, and three had multiple plasmacytomas with less than 10% bone marrow involvement. Nine (27%) had ISS-I, 9 (27%) had ISS-II, and 15 (46%) had ISS-III myeloma. Three patients had high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities. After four cycles of VPd induction, ten patients (32%) achieved stringent CR, nine had CR (29%), eight (26%) had VGPR, and 4 (13%) had PR. Fifteen (48%) had a complete metabolic response (CMR) on PET-CT. Two patients developed SAEs. Anemia was the most common hematological toxicity. Peripheral neuropathy and constipation were the most common non-hematological toxicities. Patients with ≥VGPR had significantly better 12-month PFS than those with PR. Patients with ≥VGPR and CMR on PET-CT had significantly better 12-month OS. Our study showed VPd induction is safe and efficacious in NDMM. Further Phase 3 studies are necessary to establish the superiority and survival benefits.
A near real-time web-system for predicting fire spread across the Cerrado biome
Authors: Oliveira Ubirajara , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Rodrigues Hermann , Figueira Danilo , Gomes Leticia , Leles William , Berlinck Christian , Morelli Fabiano , Bustamante Mercedes , Ometto Jean , Miranda Heloísa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWildfires are aggravating due to climate change. Public policies need territorial intelligence to prevent and promptly fight fires, especially in vast regions like Brazil. To this end, we have developed a fire-spread prediction system for the Brazilian Cerrado, the biome most affected by wildfires in South America. The system automatically uploads hot pixels and satellite data to calculate maps of fuels loads, vegetation moisture, and probability of burning for simulating fire spread thrice a day for the entire Cerrado at 25 ha and for nine conservation units at 0.04 ha spatial resolution. In both versions, the model attains 65–89% of spatial match. Model results together with ancillary data, e.g., historical burned areas and annual CO2emissions from fires, are available on an interactive web-platform that serves as a tool for fire prevention and fight, particularly in the selected conservation units where the platform is being used for daily operations.
Deterministic linkage for improving follow-up time in a Brazilian population-based cancer registry
Authors: Pereira Talita Fernanda , Aranha Valmir José , Waldvogel Bernadette Cunha , da Costa Allini Mafra , Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani José Humberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPopulation-based cancer registries (PBCR) are the primary source of cancer incidence and survival statistics. The loss to follow-up of these patients is concerning since it reduces the reliability of any statistical analysis. The linkage techniques have been increasingly used to improve data quality in various information systems. The linkage was performed between the databases of the PBCR-Barretos and the mortality database of the state of São Paulo. To evaluate the improvement in the follow-up time of patients, the comparability of the two databases, pre- and post linkage, was made. Three analyses were performed: a comparative analysis of the absolute number of deaths, a comparative analysis of the follow-up time of patients and the survival analysis. After linkage, there was an increase of 813 deaths. The follow-up time of patients was extended and observed in most types of tumours. The comparability of the survival analyses at both time points also showed a decrease in survival probabilities for all tumour types. Deterministic linkage is effective in updating the vital status of registered patients, improving patient follow-up time, and maintaining good quality data from PBCRs, consequently producing more reliable rates, as seen for the survival analyses.
Bounded Wang tilings with integer programming and graph-based heuristics
Authors: Tyburec Marek , Zeman Jan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWang tiles enable efficient pattern compression while avoiding the periodicity in tile distribution via programmable matching rules. However, most research in Wang tilings has considered tiling the infinite plane. Motivated by emerging applications in materials engineering, we consider the bounded version of the tiling problem and offer four integer programming formulations to construct valid or nearly-valid Wang tilings: a decision, maximum-rectangular tiling, maximum cover, and maximum adjacency constraint satisfaction formulations. To facilitate a finer control over the resulting tilings, we extend these programs with tile-based, color-based, packing, and variable-sized periodic constraints. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient heuristic algorithm for the maximum-cover variant based on the shortest path search in directed acyclic graphs and derive simple modifications to provide a 1/2 approximation guarantee for arbitrary tile sets, and a 2/3 guarantee for tile sets with cyclic transducers. Finally, we benchmark the performance of the integer programming formulations and of the heuristic algorithms showing that the heuristics provide very competitive outputs in a fraction of time. As a by-product, we reveal errors in two well-known aperiodic tile sets: the Knuth tile set contains a tile unusable in two-way infinite tilings, and the Lagae corner tile set is not aperiodic.
Social support enhances the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between life satisfaction and depressive symptom severity
Authors: Chang Yun-Hsuan , Yang Cheng-Ta , Hsieh Shulan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPsychosocial factors, including life satisfaction, resilience, and social support, have been proposed to influence depressive symptom severity in adults because the age of onset of depressive disorders, i.e. adolescence to early adulthood, is associated with various impairments in psychosocial functioning. In this study, a psychosocial model was constructed to verify these relationships to prevent depression. For this study, 370 participants were recruited from the community via poster or online advertisements. They completed several questionnaires to assess depressive symptom severity: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), Peace of Mind (PoM) scale, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). A negative association was found between depressive symptom severity and all other variables, including PoM and CD-RISC scores, life satisfaction, and social support. Such factors can be considered protective against increased depressive symptom severity. In addition, indirect effects of PoM and resilience on the negative association between SwLS scores and depressive symptom severity were observed. Moreover, social support was found to mediate the correlation between PoM and resilience, implying that social support mediates the relationship between state of mind and resilience. The psychosocial model suggested that depressive symptom severity is influenced by internal factors (an individual’s state of mind, subjective view of events and their life) and external factors (including social support).
Experimental and theoretical studies for corrosion of molybdenum electrode using streptomycin drug in phosphoric acid medium
Authors: Medany Shymaa S. , Ahmad Yahia H. , Fekry Amany M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorrosion inhibition of molybdenum electrode in H3PO4acid medium of different concentrations (3.0 to 13 M) has been investigated utilizing different electrochemical techniques. It was observed that the most corrosive concentration is 3.0 M orthophosphoric acid concentration. The effect of adding Cl−to 3.0 M orthophosphoric acid in the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 M was also studied. This study showed that the most corrosive medium is 3.0 M containing 1.0 M chloride ion with the greatest rate of hydrogen production. In 3.0 M H3PO4acid with 1.0 M of NaCl, the tested electrode's corrosion and hydrogen production may be successfully suppressed by adding Streptomycin of 10 mM concentration leading to high inhibition efficiency. The outcomes of the studies were confirmed by scanning electron microscopic examination. Additionally, a computational chemistry approach was used to investigate how streptomycin adsorbs and inhibits corrosion at the interface of metal surfaces, and the outcomes of the computational studies are in excellent accord with the experimental findings.
Using dimensionality-reduction techniques to understand the organization of psychotic symptoms in persistent psychotic illness and first episode psychosis
Authors: Fleming Leah M. , Lemonde Ann Catherine , Benrimoh David , Gold James M. , Taylor Jane R. , Malla Ashok , Joober Ridha , Iyer Srividya N. , Lepage Martin , Shah Jai , Corlett Philip R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPsychotic disorders are highly heterogeneous. Understanding relationships between symptoms will be relevant to their underlying pathophysiology. We apply dimensionality-reduction methods across two unique samples to characterize the patterns of symptom organization. We analyzed publicly-available data from 153 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (fBIRN Data Repository and the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics), as well as 636 first-episode psychosis (FEP) participants from the Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP-Montreal). In all participants, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) were collected. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) combined with cluster analysis was applied to SAPS and SANS scores across these two groups of participants. MDS revealed relationships between items of SAPS and SANS. Our application of cluster analysis to these results identified: 1 cluster of disorganization symptoms, 2 clusters of hallucinations/delusions, and 2 SANS clusters (asocial and apathy, speech and affect). Those reality distortion items which were furthest from auditory hallucinations had very weak to no relationship with hallucination severity. Despite being at an earlier stage of illness, symptoms in FEP presentations were similarly organized. While hallucinations and delusions commonly co-occur, we found that their specific themes and content sometimes travel together and sometimes do not. This has important implications, not only for treatment, but also for research—particularly efforts to understand the neurocomputational and pathophysiological mechanism underlying delusions and hallucinations.
RevGel-seq: instrument-free single-cell RNA sequencing using a reversible hydrogel for cell-specific barcoding
Authors: Komatsu Jun , Cico Alba , Poncin Raya , Le Bohec Maël , Morf Jörg , Lipin Stanislav , Graindorge Antoine , Eckert Hélène , Saffarian Azadeh , Cathaly Léa , Guérin Frédéric , Majello Sara , Ulveling Damien , Vayaboury Anaïs , Fernandez Nicolas , Dimitrova Dilyana , Bussell Xavier , Fourne Yannick , Chaumat Pierre , André Barbara , Baldivia Elodie , Godet Ulysse , Guinin Mathieu , Moretto Vivien , Ismail Joy , Caille Olivier , Roblot Natacha , Beaupère Carine , Liboz Alexandrine , Guillemain Ghislaine , Blondeau Bertrand , Walrafen Pierre , Edelstein Stuart 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProgress in sample preparation for scRNA-seq is reported based on RevGel-seq, a reversible-hydrogel technology optimized for samples of fresh cells. Complexes of one cell paired with one barcoded bead are stabilized by a chemical linker and dispersed in a hydrogel in the liquid state. Upon gelation on ice the complexes are immobilized and physically separated without requiring nanowells or droplets. Cell lysis is triggered by detergent diffusion, and RNA molecules are captured on the adjacent barcoded beads for further processing with reverse transcription and preparation for cDNA sequencing. As a proof of concept, analysis of PBMC using RevGel-seq achieves results similar to microfluidic-based technologies when using the same original sample and the same data analysis software. In addition, a clinically relevant application of RevGel-seq is presented for pancreatic islet cells. Furthermore, characterizations carried out on cardiomyocytes demonstrate that the hydrogel technology readily accommodates very large cells. Standard analyses are in the 10,000-input cell range with the current gelation device, in order to satisfy common requirements for single-cell research. A convenient stopping point after two hours has been established by freezing at the cell lysis step, with full preservation of gene expression profiles. Overall, our results show that RevGel-seq represents an accessible and efficient instrument-free alternative, enabling flexibility in terms of experimental design and timing of sample processing, while providing broad coverage of cell types.
Quality assessment and quality control of deep soil mixing columns based on a cement-content controlled method
Authors: Zuo Jinyu , Wang Baotian , Li Wenwei , Han Shaoyang , Wang Jiahui , Zhang Fuhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a cement-content controlled method for quality assessment and quality control of the deep soil mixing (DSM) columns in slope reinforcement. The ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) titration method was modified and used for the cement content measurement of core samples, and the effects of curing conditions and curing period on the titration results were investigated. 35 DSM columns with different construction parameters were installed in the test section, and cement content and unconfined compression tests of field core samples were conducted. The relationship between the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and cement content of DSM columns was formulated, and the quality of DSM columns with different construction parameters was assessed. The test results suggested that the failure strength of the field cores was approximately 15–55% lower than that of laboratory samples with the same cement content. In single columns, the coefficient of variation (CV) of cement content had a negative correlation with the average failure strength and a positive correlation with the coefficient of variation of failure strength. Bidirectional mixing method, lower penetration and withdrawal velocity, more mixing blades and larger number of mixings could improve the uniformity of the DSM columns.