bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interval-valued bipolar fuzzy line graphs
Authors: Tola Keneni Abera , Repalle V. N. Srinivasa Rao , Ashebo Mamo Abebe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The notion of Bipolarity based on positive and negative outcomes. It is well known that bipolar models give more precision, flexibility, and compatibility to the system as compared to the classical models and fuzzy models. A bipolar fuzzy graph(BFG) provides more flexibility while modeling human thinking as compared with a fuzzy graph, and an interval valued bipolar fuzzy graph(IVBFG) has numerous applications where the real-life problem are time dependent and there is a network structure complexity. The aim of this paper is to introduce an interval-valued bipolar line fuzzy graph(IVBFLG).

Result
In this paper, we have proposed the notion of an IVBFLG and some of its characterizations. Also, some propositions and theorems related to an IVIFLGs are developed and proved. Furthermore, isomorphism between two IVIFLGs toward their IVIFGs was determined and verified. As a result, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an IVBFG to be isomorphic to its corresponding IVBFLG and some remarkable properties like degree, size, order, regularity, strength, and completeness of an IVBFLGs have been investigated, and the proposed concepts are illustrated with the examples.
Leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory activities of the formononetin (a natural isoflavone) against Leishmania tropica
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Khalaf Amal Khudair , Rajabi Pouya Zareh , Karbasian Nooshin , Ghasemian Yadegari Javad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
This work aimed to examine the leishmanicidal, cellular mechanisms and cytotoxicity effects of formononetin (FMN), a natural isoflavone, against Leishmania tropica. We used the MTT assay to determine the leishmanicidal effects of FMN against promastigotes and its cytotoxicity effects on J774-A1 macrophage cells. The Griess reaction assay and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the nitric oxide (NO) and the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ and iNOS in infected J774-A1 macrophage cells.

Results
FMN significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the viability and number of promastigotes and amastigotes forms. The 50% inhibitory concentrations value for FMN and glucantime was 9.3 and 14.3 µM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. We found that the macrophages exposed with FMN especially at concentrations of 1/2 IC50 and IC50 significantly activated the NO release and the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, iNOS. The findings of the current research showed the favorable antileishmanial effects formononetin, a natural isoflavone, against various stages of L. tropica through inhibition of infectivity rate of macrophage cells and triggering the NO production and cellular immunity. However, supplementary works are essential to evaluate the ability and safety of FMN in animal model before use in the clinical phase.
Differentially expressed transcripts of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Cnidaria) between carrier and dead-end hosts involved in key biological processes: novel insights from a coupled approach of FACS and RNA sequencing
Authors: Shivam Saloni , Ertl Reinhard , Sexl Veronika , El-Matbouli Mansour , Kumar Gokhlesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a malacosporean endoparasite that infects a wide range of salmonids and causes proliferative kidney disease (PKD). Brown trout serves as a carrier host whereas rainbow trout represents a dead-end host. We thus asked if the parasite adapts to the different hosts by changing molecular mechanisms. We used fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate parasites from the kidney of brown trout and rainbow trout following experimental infection with T. bryosalmonae. The sorted parasite cells were then subjected to RNA sequencing. By this approach, we identified 1120 parasite transcripts that were expressed differentially in parasites derived from brown trout and rainbow trout. We found elevated levels of transcripts related to cytoskeleton organisation, cell polarity, peptidyl-serine phosphorylation in parasites sorted from brown trout. In contrast, transcripts related to translation, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and subunit organisation, non-membrane bounded organelle assembly, regulation of protein catabolic process and protein refolding were upregulated in rainbow trout-derived parasites. These findings show distinct molecular adaptations of parasites, which may underlie their distinct outcomes in the two hosts. Moreover, the identification of these differentially expressed transcripts may enable the identification of novel drug targets that may be exploited as treatment against T. bryosalmonae. We here also describe for the first time how FACS based isolation of T. bryosalmonae cells from infected kidney of fish fosters research and allows to define differentially expressed parasite transcripts in carrier and dead-end fish hosts.
A machine learning-based model for a dose point kernel calculation
Authors: Scarinci Ignacio , Valente Mauro , Pérez Pedro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeAbsorbed dose calculation by kernel convolution requires the prior determination of dose point kernels (DPK). This study reports on the design, implementation, and test of a multi-target regressor approach to generate the DPKs for monoenergetic sources and a model to obtain DPKs for beta emitters.MethodsDPK for monoenergetic electron sources were calculated using the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) code for many materials of clinical interest and initial energies ranging from 10 to 3000 keV. Regressor Chains (RC) with three different coefficients regularization/shrinkage models were used as base regressors. Electron monoenergetic scaled DPKs (sDPKs) were used to assess the corresponding sDPKs for beta emitters typically used in nuclear medicine, which were compared against reference published data. Finally, the beta emitters sDPK were applied to a patient-specific case calculating the Voxel Dose Kernel (VDK) for a hepatic radioembolization treatment with$$^{90}$$90Y.ResultsThe three trained machine learning models demonstrated a promising capacity to predict the sDPK for both monoenergetic emissions and beta emitters of clinical interest attaining differences lower than$$10\%$$10%in the mean average percentage error (MAPE) as compared with previous studies. Furthermore, differences lower than$$7 \%$$7%were obtained for the absorbed dose in patient-specific dosimetry comparing against full stochastic MC calculations.ConclusionAn ML model was developed to assess dosimetry calculations in nuclear medicine. The implemented approach has shown the capacity to accurately predict the sDPK for monoenergetic beta sources in a wide range of energy in different materials. The ML model to calculate the sDPK for beta-emitting radionuclides allowed to obtain VDK useful to achieve reliable patient-specific absorbed dose distributions required short computation times.
Predictive value of CHA2DS2VASC score for contrast-induced nephropathy after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients presenting with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Samir Ahmad , Gabra Wafik , Alhossary Hossam , Bakhoum Sameh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) are at increased risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) than elective PCI procedures. Routine calculation of Mehran’s score is limited by its complexity and difficulty to memorize. This study evaluated CHA2DS2-VASc score predictive utility for CIN in STEMI patients before pPCI.

Results
Consecutive 500 acute STEMI patients presenting to two Egyptian pPCI centers were recruited. Exclusion criteria included cardiogenic shock or known severe renal impairment (baseline serum creatinine ≥ 3 mg/dL) or current or previous indication of hemodialysis. CHA2DS2VASC score, Mehran’s score, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), contrast media volume (CMV) and CMV/eGFR ratio were collected for all patients. Post-pPCI CIN (defined as 0.5 mg/dL absolute increase or 25% relative increase of serum creatinine from baseline) and predictive accuracy of CHA2DS2VASC and Mehran’s scores were evaluated. CIN occurred in 35 (7%) of the study group. Values of CHA2DS2VASC score, Mehran’s score, baseline eGFR, CMV and CMV/eGFR ratio were significantly higher in those who developed CIN compared to those who did not. CHA2DS2VASC score, Mehran’s score and CMV/eGFR were found to be independent predictors for CIN (P < 0.001 for all). ROC curve analysis revealed that CHA2DS2VASC ≥ 4 had a superb predictive ability, comparable to Mehran’s score, for post-pPCI CIN.

Conclusions
Being practical, easily memorizable and applicable before proceeding to pPCI, routine CHA2DS2VASC score calculation in STEMI patients can effectively predict CIN risk and guide preventive and/or therapeutic interventions.
Normalized LST Is an Efficient Biomarker for Homologous Recombination Deficiency and Olaparib Response in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Christinat Yann , Ho Liza , Clément Sophie , Genestie Catherine , Sehouli Jalid , Cinieri Saverio , Gonzalez Martin Antonio , Denison Ursula , Fujiwara Keiichi , Vergote Ignace , Tognon Germana , Hietanen Sakari , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Pujade-Lauraine Eric , McKee Thomas A. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE The efficiency of the Myriad Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) test to guide the use of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors has been demonstrated in several phase III trials. However, a need exists for alternative clinically validated tests. METHODS A novel biomarker for HRD was developed using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and, as part of the ENGOT HRD European Initiative, applied to 469 samples from the PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trial. Results were compared with the Myriad myChoice Genomic Instability Score (GIS) with respect to the progression-free survival in the olaparib + bevacizumab and placebo + bevacizumab arms. RESULTS Analysis of the TCGA cohort revealed that a normalization of the number of large-scale state transitions by the number of whole-genome doubling events allows a better separation and classification of HRD samples than the GIS. Analysis of the PAOLA-1 samples, using the Geneva test (OncoScan + nLST), yielded a lower failure rate (27 of 469 v 59 of 469) and a hazard ratio of 0.40 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.57) compared with 0.37 for Myriad myChoice (BRCAm or GIS+) in the nLST-positive samples. In patients with BRCAwt, the Geneva test identified a novel subpopulation of patients, with a favorable 1-year PFS (85%) but a poor 2-year PFS (30%) on olaparib + bevacizumab treatment. CONCLUSION The proposed test efficiently separates HRD-positive from HRD-negative patients, predicts response to PARP inhibition, and can be easily deployed in a clinical laboratory for routine practice. The performance is similar to the available commercial test, but its lower failure rate allows an increase in the number of patients who will receive a conclusive laboratory result.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns
Authors: Bhasin Shalender , Seals Douglas , Migaud Marie , Musi Nicolas , Baur Joseph A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent research has unveiled an expansive role of NAD+ in cellular energy generation, redox reactions, and as a substrate or cosubstrate in signaling pathways that regulate health span and aging. This review provides a critical appraisal of the clinical pharmacology and the preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic effects of NAD+ precursors for age-related conditions, with a particular focus on cardiometabolic disorders, and discusses gaps in current knowledge. NAD+ levels decrease throughout life; age-related decline in NAD+ bioavailability has been postulated to be a contributor to many age-related diseases. Raising NAD+ levels in model organisms by administration of NAD+ precursors improves glucose and lipid metabolism; attenuates diet-induced weight gain, diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, and hepatic steatosis; reduces endothelial dysfunction; protects heart from ischemic injury; improves left ventricular function in models of heart failure; attenuates cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders; and increases health span. Early human studies show that NAD+ levels can be raised safely in blood and some tissues by oral NAD+ precursors and suggest benefit in preventing nonmelanotic skin cancer, modestly reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profile in older adults with obesity or overweight; preventing kidney injury in at-risk patients; and suppressing inflammation in Parkinson disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical pharmacology, metabolism, and therapeutic mechanisms of NAD+ precursors remain incompletely understood. We suggest that these early findings provide the rationale for adequately powered randomized trials to evaluate the efficacy of NAD+ augmentation as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders and age-related conditions.
Microtubule binding of the human augmin complex is directly controlled by importins and Ran-GTP
Authors: Ustinova Kseniya , Ruhnow Felix , Gili Maria , Surrey Thomas 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Mitotic spindle assembly during cell division is a highly regulated process. Ran-GTP produced around chromosomes controls the activity of a multitude of spindle assembly factors by releasing them from inhibitory interaction with importins. A major consequence of Ran-GTP regulation is the local stimulation of branched microtubule nucleation around chromosomes, which is mediated by the augmin complex (composed of the eight subunits HAUS1-HAUS8), a process that is crucially important for correct spindle assembly. However, augmin is not known to be a direct target of the Ran-GTP pathway, raising the question of how its activity is controlled. Here, we present the in vitro reconstitution of Ran-GTP-regulated microtubule binding of the human augmin complex. We demonstrate that importins directly bind to augmin, which prevents augmin from binding to microtubules. Ran-GTP relieves this inhibition. Therefore, the augmin complex is a direct target of the Ran-GTP pathway, suggesting that branching microtubule nucleation is directly regulated by the Ran-GTP gradient around chromosomes in dividing cells.
Decision rules for egg-color-based rejection by two cavity-nesting hosts of the brown-headed cowbird
Authors: Di Giovanni Alexander J. , Villa Juliana , Stanback Mark T. , Thompson Charles F. , Sakaluk Scott K. , Hauber Mark E. , Hanley Daniel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Hosts of obligate avian brood parasites often evolve defense mechanisms to avoid rearing unrelated young. One common defense is egg rejection, for which hosts often rely on eggshell color. Most research has assumed that hosts respond to perceived color differences between their own eggs and parasite eggs regardless of the particular color; however, recent experiments have found that many hosts respond more strongly to brown foreign eggs than to equally dissimilar blue eggs. Yet, none of these prior studies tested a brown-egg-laying species and, with only one exception, all were conducted in open nests where light levels are considered sufficient for effective color-based egg discrimination. Here, we explored how two cavity-nesting hosts of the parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) – the blue-egg-laying eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the brown-egg-laying house wren (Troglodytes aedon) – respond to experimental eggs painted six distinct colors ranging from blue to brown. Rejection responses of both hosts were best predicted by perceived differences in color between the model egg and their own eggs. Specifically, we found that house wrens preferentially rejected eggs bluer than their own eggs. However, although we found that bluebirds relied on perceived differences in color for their egg rejection decisions, further tests are needed to determine whether they preferentially rejected brown eggs or simply responded to absolute perceived differences in color. These findings demonstrate that these cavity-nesting birds treat perceived color differences in distinct ways, which has important implications on the coevolutionary arms races and the interpretation of avian-perceived color differences.
Nickel-Catalyzed Selective Incorporation of Isolated In-Chain Carbonyls into Ethylene/Carbon Monoxide Copolymer Using Metal Carbonyls as a Carbonyl Source
Authors: Yonezaki Go , Seidel Falk William , Takahashi Kohei , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Non-alternating copolymers of ethylene and carbon monoxide were obtained by nickel-catalyzed polymerization of ethylene in the presence of Fe2(CO)9 as a carbon monoxide source. Higher selectivity to isolated ketone group than the previously reported nickel-catalyzed systems, while having a higher catalytic activity than the palladium catalysts in our previous report has been achieved. Furthermore, various P-stereogenic phosphine-phenolate ligands were developed to investigate the effect of ligand structure on the copolymerization. Finally, the degradability of the resulting polymer was evaluated.
Charlson comorbidity index to predict 28-day mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sugiarto Adhrie , Pryambodho  , Imelda Meilina , Aditianingsih Dita 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND Severe COVID-19 patients may become critically ill and require treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). As intensive care resources are limited, mortality predictors should be used to guide resource allocation. This study aimed to validate the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) as the mortality predictor of critical COVID-19 patients in the ICU.
METHODS A retrospective cohort study was done in adult patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Universitas Indonesia Hospital from March to August 2020. We extracted the subject’s CCI score from the medical records and the 28-day mortality after ICU admission. The CCI score was validated by the Hosmer–Lemeshow calibration test, determination of area under the curve (AUC), and optimal cut-off point for the critical patients in the ICU. We used the chi-square test to examine the association of comorbidities with mortality.
RESULTS Mortality was higher in CCI scores >4 (odds ratio [OR]: 8.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.81–43.01). The CCI score had moderate discrimination ability (AUC 76.1%; 95% CI = 0.661–0.881). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 18.00, 95% CI = 2.19–147.51), congestive heart failure (CHF) (OR: 4.25, 95% CI = 1.23–14.75), and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 18.429, 95% CI = 2.19–155.21) increased the risk of 28-day mortality.
CONCLUSIONS The CCI score could predict the 28-day mortality of critical COVID-19 patients. The coexistence of CKD, CHF, DM, peripheral vascular disease, and peptic ulcer in COVID-19 patients should be considered for patient management.
Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNAs and their association in regulating the metamorphosis of the Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Shang Yanjie , Feng Yakai , Ren Lipin , Zhang Xiangyan , Yang Fengqin , Zhang Changquan , Guo Yadong 
Published: June 2023

Background
The flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), is an important hygiene pest, that causes myiasis in humans and other mammals, typically livestock, and as a vector for various parasitic agents, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating gene expression during metamorphosis of the flesh fly has not been well established.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and characterization of lncRNAs from the early pupal stage (1-days pupae), mid-term pupal stage (5-days pupae), and late pupal stage (9-days pupae) of S. peregrina by RNA-seq, and a total of 6921 lncRNAs transcripts were identified. RT-qPCR and enrichment analyses revealed the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) that might be associated with insect metamorphosis development. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the DE lncRNA (SP_lnc5000) could potentially be involved in regulating the metamorphosis of S. peregrina. RNA interference of SP_lnc5000 caused reduced expression of metamorphosis-related genes in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling (Br-c, Ftz-F1), cuticle tanning pathway (TH, DOPA), and chitin related pathway (Cht5). Injection of dsSP_lnc5000 in 3rd instar larvae of S. peregrina resulted in deformed pupae, stagnation of pupal-adult metamorphosis, and a decrease in development time of pupal, pupariation rates and eclosion rates. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and cuticle hydrocarbons (CHCs) analysis indicated that SP_lnc5000 had crucial roles in the metamorphosis developmental by modulating pupal cuticular development.

Conclusions/Significance
We established that the lncRNA SP_lnc5000 potentially regulates the metamorphosis of S. peregrina by putatively affecting the structure and composition of the pupal cuticle. This study enhances our understanding of lncRNAs as regulators of metamorphosis in S. peregrina, and provide valuable insights into the identification of potential targets for vector control and the development of effective strategies for controlling the spread of myiasis and parasitic diseases.
Identification of potential biomarkers in active Lyme borreliosis
Authors: Tjernberg Ivar , Lager Malin , Furset Jensen Guro , Eikeland Randi , Nyman Dag , Brudin Lars , Henningsson Anna J. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives
Lyme serology does not readily discriminate an active Lyme borreliosis (LB) from a previous Borrelia infection or exposure. Here, we aimed to investigate a large number of immunological protein biomarkers to search for an immunological pattern typical for active LB, in contrast to patterns found in healthy blood donors, a proportion of whom were previously exposed to Borrelia.

Methods
Serum samples from well-characterised adult patients with ongoing LB and healthy blood donors were included and investigated using a proximity extension assay (provided by Olink®) by which 92 different immune response-related human protein biomarkers were analysed simultaneously.

Results
In total, 52 LB patients and 75 healthy blood donors were included. The blood donors represented both previously Borrelia exposed (n = 34) and not exposed (n = 41) based on anti-Borrelia antibody status. Ten of the examined 92 proteins differed between patients and blood donors and were chosen for further logistic regression (p<0.1). Six proteins were statistically significantly different between LB patients and blood donors (p<0.05). These six proteins were then combined in an index and analysed using receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis showing an area under the curve of 0.964 (p<0.001).

Conclusions
The results from this study suggest that there is an immunological protein pattern that can distinguish a present Borrelia infection from a previous exposure as well as anti-Borrelia antibody negative blood donors. Although this method is not adapted for routine clinical use at this point, the possibility is interesting and may open new diagnostic opportunities improving the laboratory diagnostics of LB.