bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation of Older Adults, Family, and Formal Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Stories and Solutions Through Participatory Action Research
Authors: MacLeod Ann , Levesque Justine , Ward-Griffin Catherine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis participatory action research (PAR) aimed to understand the health implications of guidelines impacting social isolation among frail community-dwelling older adults and their family and formal caregivers during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) of data collected from 10 policy/procedural documents revealed four themes: valuing principles, identifying problem(s), setting priorities, and making recommendations. Interviews with 31 participants from Peterborough, Ontario, also revealed four themes: sacrificing social health, diminishing physical health, draining mental health, and defining supports. Recommendations to decision makers were finalized at a knowledge exchange event involving participants and members of Age-friendly Peterborough. Key findings demonstrate the need for Canadian governments and health and social service agencies to enhance access to technology-based interventions, and educational and financial resources for caregivers. Meaningful communication and collaboration between older adults, caregivers, and decision makers are also needed to reduce the gap between policy and practice when addressing social isolation.
A Rebato: Popular uprisings and the striking of the bells in eighteenth-century Castile
Authors: Hernández Mauro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper delves into the dynamics of popular revolt in early modern Castile, taking as a viewpoint a revealing feature of these disturbances, the bell-ringing widely known as rebato, an equivalent to the French tocsin. While alarm bells have long been recognised as a prevalent element of popular revolt in Europe from medieval times, they have received limited specific scholarly attention. This study provides an overview of the historical significance of this distinctive sound and examines its material aspects. Subsequently, the paper investigates several instances of bell-ringing during Castilian riots, as reflected in archival sources, and analyses its meaning both for townspeople and the authorities. In attempting to elucidate the reasons behind the aversion this sound provoked among the privileged classes and the authorities, the study explores the political, ritual, and sonic dimensions of the rebato.
Accessory mitral valve tissue: a differential diagnosis of an obstructive mass on the left ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Galindo-Hayashi José M. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Sanchez-Félix Ely R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccessory mitral valve tissue is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that is typically discovered incidentally during echocardiographic evaluation prompted by an asymptomatic murmur. This pathology has characteristic echocardiographic elements and is usually associated with other CHD. The decision to perform surgical resection depends on factors such as the degree of obstruction, presence of symptoms, presence of other CHDs, and risk of thrombosis. The researchers hereby present a case of an asymptomatic paediatric patient with accessory mitral valve tissue that produced left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
Discretionary foods and drinks in Norwegian children and adolescents’ diet: data from the national dietary survey Ungkost 3
Authors: Paulsen Mari Mohn , Myhre Jannicke Borch , Totland Torunn Holm , Andersen Lene Frost 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to identify the amount of discretionary foods and drinks consumed by Norwegian children and adolescents, describe how such products contribute to the intake of total energy and nutrients, and study the distribution in intake of discretionary foods and drinks across different meals. Secondly, the aim was to explore factors associated with those children and adolescents having the highest consumption of discretionary foods and drinks.Design:Secondary analysis of data from a national survey of dietary intake among Norwegian children and adolescents.Setting:Schools in fifty randomly selected municipalities in Norway.Participants:The study population included 636 pupils in 4thgrade (9–11 years) and 687 pupils in 8thgrade (12–14 years).Results:Discretionary foods and drinks contributed to about 20 % of the children and adolescents’ total energy intake. These products contributed to about two-thirds of the participants’ intake of added sugar, and limited amounts of dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals. The quartile which had the lowest proportion of their energy intake from discretionary foods and drinks seemed to have a higher intake of whole grains, and fish and seafood.Conclusions:Almost all 4thand 8thgraders in Norway consumed discretionary foods and drinks, and these products contributed to a substantial proportion of the total energy intake and limited amounts of nutrients. Those children and adolescents consuming the least discretionary foods and drinks had a higher intake of whole grains, fish and seafood, indicating healthier and more sustainable food habits.
Building the case for a social and behaviour change approach to prevent and respond to the recruitment and use of children by armed forces and armed groups
Authors: Baagø-Rasmussen Line , Atterby Carin , Dutordoir Laurent 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, social and behaviour change strategies have increasingly been used to address human rights and child protection concerns, including harmful practices such as child marriage, female genital mutilation and violent discipline. Social and gender norms have also been recognized as key drivers of child recruitment. Nonetheless, the use of social and behaviour change strategies to prevent and respond to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict has not yet been systematically explored or applied. Building on academic and practical sources, including findings from studies by the International Committee of the Red Cross and United Nations University, social and behavioural science theory, experiences from the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism on grave violations against children, and academic literature, this article explores how social and behaviour change approaches can inform prevention of and response to the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict. The article concludes that social and behaviour change approaches can effectively inform prevention and reintegration efforts and can facilitate responses that bridge the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. Using social and behaviour change approaches can help to reveal why children are recruited from the perspective of key actors and entities across the socio-ecological framework in order to prevent the practice from becoming more accepted.
Passionate humility for global constitutionalism in the aftermath of the Russo-Ukrainian war
Authors: Kurowska Xymena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis essay proposes the epistemic ethos of passionate humility for knowledge production about global constitutionalism in the aftermath of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. By employing the conceptual strategy of elucidation, passionate humility can reveal a counter-intuitively counter-hegemonic use of the global constitutionalist triad of human rights, democracy and the rule of law in the Ukrainian resistance against Russia’s war. As an approach to knowledge production, passionate humility addresses epistemic ignorance by retrieving situated non-imperial knowledges while also confronting the ambivalent politics of such knowledges. It therefore hints at how we can both decentre and make use of resources associated with global constitutionalism, without valorizing western elitist discourses, reinscribing the inter-imperial mode of knowledge production or sanitizing vernacular knowledges. Passionate humility does so in three moves: it problematizes hegemonic epistemic frames (either west-centred or Russia-centred); it foregrounds complex social agency, which resists a fixed theoretical or ideological language; and it reveals the contextual deployment of the Occidentalist language of global constitutionalism in the Ukrainian public discourse as a practice of negotiated subjecthood. Such practice can be counter-hegemonic without being inherently progressive.
Structural intervention at one bridge decreases the overall jumping suicide rate in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Dwyer J. , Spittal M. J. , Scurrah K. , Pirkis J. , Bugeja L. , Clapperton A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
There is clear evidence that installing safety barriers is effective in preventing jumping suicides from high-risk bridges with only moderate displacement to other nearby bridges. However, the impact of barriers on jumping suicides across broader geographical areas is not well understood. We examined patterns in jumping suicides across the state of Victoria, Australia, after a safety barrier was installed at the West Gate Bridge which, before the installation of the barrier, was the site of approximately 40% of Victoria’s jumping suicides.

Methods
We used negative binomial regression analyses on Victorian data from 2000 to 2019 to compare rates of jumping suicides at the West Gate Bridge, other bridges and non-bridge jumping locations before, during and after the West Gate Bridge barrier installation. We conducted linear regression analyses to examine whether the distance travelled from the deceased’s usual residence to the location of their jumping suicide changed between the before, during and after barrier installation periods.

Results
After installation of the barrier, there were no jumping suicides at the West Gate Bridge (rate ratio [RR] = 0.00, 95% credible intervals [95% Cr] = 0.00–0.0001) and there was strong evidence that the rate of jumping suicides at all locations declined by 65% (RR = 0.35, 95% Cr = 0.22–0.54). At other bridges, there was also evidence of a reduction (RR = 0.31, 95% Cr = 0.11–0.70), but there was no evidence of a change at non-bridge locations (RR = 0.74, 95% Cr = 0.39–1.30).

Conclusion
After installation of the safety barrier at the West Gate Bridge, jumping suicide in Victoria decreased overall and at other bridges, and did not appear to change at non-bridge locations. Our findings show that when barriers are installed at a site responsible for a disproportionately high number of jumping suicides, they are not only highly effective at the site where the barriers are installed but can also have a prevention impact beyond the immediate locale at similar sites.
A Practical Guide to Dealing with Attrition in Political Science Experiments
Authors: Lo Adeline , Renshon Jonathan , Bassan-Nygate Lotem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite admonitions to address attrition in experiments – missingness on Y – alongside best practices designed to encourage transparency, most political science researchers all but ignore it. A quantitative literature search of this journal – where we would expect to find the most conscientious reporting of attrition – shows low rates of discussion of the issue. We suspect that there is confusion on the link between when attrition occurs and the type of validity it threatens when present, and limited connection to and guidance on which estimands are threatened by different attrition patterns. This is all exacerbated by limited tools to identify, investigate, and report patterns attrition. We offer the R package – attritevis – to visualize attrition over time, by intervention, and include a step-by-step guide to identifying and addressing attrition that balances post hoc analytical tools with guidance for revising designs to ameliorate problematic attrition.
Assessing the Validity of Prevalence Estimates in Double List Experiments
Authors: Diaz Gustavo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocial scientists use list experiments in surveys to estimate the prevalence of sensitive attitudes and behaviors in a population of interest. However, the cumulative evidence suggests that the list experiment estimator is underpowered to capture the extent of sensitivity bias in common applications. The literature suggests double list experiments (DLEs) as an alternative to improve along the bias-variance frontier. This variant of the research design brings the additional burden of justifying the list experiment identification assumptions in both lists, which raises concerns over the validity of DLE estimates. To overcome this difficulty, this paper outlines two statistical tests to detect strategic misreporting that follows from violations to the identification assumptions. I illustrate their implementation with data from a study on support toward anti-immigration organizations in California and explore their properties via simulation.
Recognition probability in legislative bargaining
Authors: Lee Natalie , Sethi Ravideep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn legislative bargaining, the proposer is often able to extract a greater proportion of the surplus. However, a higher likelihood of being selected as the proposer can backfire, as it may reduce the probability that the agent is included in a winning coalition. We experimentally test the theoretical prediction of potentially negative returns to recognition probability in two-period legislative bargaining noted in Baron and Ferejohn (1989). We find that higher recognition probability benefits subjects in all treatments, except one in which we automate the second period. It is because proposers often favor the member with the greater recognition probability as a coalition partner, and such tendency varies depending on the proposer’s recognition probability, counter to the theoretical prediction. In all treatments, a vast majority of subjects exhibit a strict preference for higher recognition probability.
ORC-Q
Authors: Gräfe Hendrik , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Organizational changes as a method for ensuring competitiveness are an integral part of an organization’s daily life. A comprehensive understanding of organizational readiness for change is essential for managing change successfully and in a goal-oriented manner. Yet, established measures for mapping organizational readiness for change are often based on a unidimensional construct definition. Therefore, the goal of this study was to construct and validate a measure of a well-defined organizational readiness for change construct. Based on a systematic development process, the measure was constructed and tested in two samples for its psychometric properties and validity. A five-factor structure aligned with theoretical assumptions was identified that enabled the interpretation of the factors Organizational Valence, Individual Valence, Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Change Behavior, which in turn constitute a second-order factor Organizational Readiness for Change. Further results indicated satisfactory values for the reliability of the measure as well as its convergent, discriminant, criterion, and construct validity. Implications and limitations are discussed and the outlook for potential future research questions is given.
Real-world costs of obesity-related complications over eight years: a US retrospective cohort study in 28,500 individuals
Authors: Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Banerji Tania , Capucci Silvia , de Laguiche Elisabeth , Faurby Mads D. , Haase Christiane Lundegaard , Sommer Matthiessen Kasper , Near Aimee M. , Tse Jenny , Zhao Xiaohui , Evans Marc 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Obesity-related complications (ORCs) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We assessed the relationship between comorbidity burden, represented by both number and type of 14 specific ORCs, and total healthcare costs over time in people with obesity in the USA.

Methods
Adults (≥ 18 years old) identified from linked electronic medical records and administrative claims databases, with a body mass index measurement of 30–< 70 kg/m2 between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2012 (earliest measurement: index date), and with continuous enrolment for ≥ 1 year pre index (baseline year) and ≥ 8 years post index, were included. Individuals were grouped by type and number of ORCs during the pre-index baseline year. The primary outcome was annual total adjusted direct per-person healthcare costs.

Results
Of 28,583 included individuals, 12,686 had no ORCs, 7242 had one ORC, 4180 had two ORCs and 4475 had three or more ORCs in the baseline year. Annual adjusted direct healthcare costs increased with the number of ORCs and over the 8-year follow-up. Outpatient costs were the greatest contributor to baseline annual direct costs, irrespective of the number of ORCs. For specific ORCs, costs generally increased gradually over the follow-up; the largest percentage increases from year 1 to year 8 were observed for chronic kidney disease (+ 78.8%) and type 2 diabetes (+ 47.8%).

Conclusions
In a US real-world setting, the number of ORCs appears to be a cost driver in people with obesity, from the time of initial obesity classification and for at least the following 8 years.
NAD+ exhaustion by CD38 upregulation contributes to blood pressure elevation and vascular damage in hypertension
Authors: Qiu Yumin , Xu Shiyue , Chen Xi , Wu Xing , Zhou Zhe , Zhang Jianning , Tu Qiang , Dong Bing , Liu Zhefu , He Jiang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Shuangshuang , Su Chen , Huang Hui , Xia Wenhao , Tao Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertension is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, which contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an indispensable cofactor in all living cells that is involved in fundamental biological processes. However, in hypertensive patients, alterations in NAD+ levels and their relation with blood pressure (BP) elevation and vascular damage have not yet been studied. Here we reported that hypertensive patients exhibited lower NAD+ levels, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and aortas, which was parallel to vascular dysfunction. NAD+ boosting therapy with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplement reduced BP and ameliorated vascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients (NCT04903210) and AngII-induced hypertensive mice. Upregulation of CD38 in endothelial cells led to endothelial NAD+ exhaustion by reducing NMN bioavailability. Pro-inflammatory macrophages infiltration and increase in IL-1β generation derived from pro-inflammatory macrophages resulted in higher CD38 expression by activating JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway. CD38 KO, CD38 inhibitors treatment, or adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated endothelial CD38 knockdown lowered BP and improved vascular dysfunction in AngII-induced hypertensive mice. The present study demonstrated for the first time that endothelial CD38 activation and subsequently accelerated NAD+ degradation due to enhanced macrophage-derived IL-1β production was responsible for BP elevation and vascular damage in hypertension. NAD+ boosting therapy can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of hypertensive patients.
Elevated concentrations cause upright alpha-synuclein conformation at lipid interfaces
Authors: Roeters Steven J. , Strunge Kris , Pedersen Kasper B. , Golbek Thaddeus W. , Bregnhøj Mikkel , Zhang Yuge , Wang Yin , Dong Mingdong , Nielsen Janni , Otzen Daniel E. , Schiøtt Birgit , Weidner Tobias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe amyloid aggregation of α-synuclein (αS), related to Parkinson’s disease, can be catalyzed by lipid membranes. Despite the importance of lipid surfaces, the 3D-structure and orientation of lipid-bound αS is still not known in detail. Here, we report interface-specific vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) experiments that reveal how monomeric αS binds to an anionic lipid interface over a large range of αS-lipid ratios. To interpret the experimental data, we present a frame-selection method ("ViscaSelect”) in which out-of-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are used to generate structural hypotheses that are compared to experimental amide-I spectra via excitonic spectral calculations. At low and physiological αS concentrations, we derive flat-lying helical structures as previously reported. However, at elevated and potentially disease-related concentrations, a transition to interface-protruding αS structures occurs. Such an upright conformation promotes lateral interactions between αS monomers and may explain how lipid membranes catalyze the formation of αS amyloids at elevated protein concentrations.
Rapid inverse design of metamaterials based on prescribed mechanical behavior through machine learning
Authors: Ha Chan Soo , Yao Desheng , Xu Zhenpeng , Liu Chenang , Liu Han , Elkins Daniel , Kile Matthew , Deshpande Vikram , Kong Zhenyu , Bauchy Mathieu , Zheng Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDesigning and printing metamaterials with customizable architectures enables the realization of unprecedented mechanical behaviors that transcend those of their constituent materials. These behaviors are recorded in the form of response curves, with stress-strain curves describing their quasi-static footprint. However, existing inverse design approaches are yet matured to capture the full desired behaviors due to challenges stemmed from multiple design objectives, nonlinear behavior, and process-dependent manufacturing errors. Here, we report a rapid inverse design methodology, leveraging generative machine learning and desktop additive manufacturing, which enables the creation of nearly all possible uniaxial compressive stress‒strain curve cases while accounting for process-dependent errors from printing. Results show that mechanical behavior with full tailorability can be achieved with nearly 90% fidelity between target and experimentally measured results. Our approach represents a starting point to inverse design materials that meet prescribed yet complex behaviors and potentially bypasses iterative design-manufacturing cycles.
Ecophysiology and interactions of a taurine-respiring bacterium in the mouse gut
Authors: Ye Huimin , Borusak Sabrina , Eberl Claudia , Krasenbrink Julia , Weiss Anna S. , Chen Song-Can , Hanson Buck T. , Hausmann Bela , Herbold Craig W. , Pristner Manuel , Zwirzitz Benjamin , Warth Benedikt , Pjevac Petra , Schleheck David , Stecher Bärbel , Loy Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTaurine-respiring gut bacteria produce H2S with ambivalent impact on host health. We report the isolation and ecophysiological characterization of a taurine-respiring mouse gut bacterium. Taurinivorans muris strain LT0009 represents a new widespread species that differs from the human gut sulfidogen Bilophila wadsworthia in its sulfur metabolism pathways and host distribution. T. muris specializes in taurine respiration in vivo, seemingly unaffected by mouse diet and genotype, but is dependent on other bacteria for release of taurine from bile acids. Colonization of T. muris in gnotobiotic mice increased deconjugation of taurine-conjugated bile acids and transcriptional activity of a sulfur metabolism gene-encoding prophage in other commensals, and slightly decreased the abundance of Salmonella enterica, which showed reduced expression of galactonate catabolism genes. Re-analysis of metagenome data from a previous study further suggested that T. muris can contribute to protection against pathogens by the commensal mouse gut microbiota. Together, we show the realized physiological niche of a key murine gut sulfidogen and its interactions with selected gut microbiota members.