bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus DSM7133 on Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells
Authors: Palkovicsné Pézsa Nikolett , Kovács Dóra , Somogyi Fanni , Karancsi Zita , Móritz Alma Virág , Jerzsele Ákos , Rácz Bence , Farkas Orsolya 
Published: September 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health challenges nowadays. Probiotics are promising candidates as feed additives contributing to the health of the gastrointestinal tract. The beneficial effect of probiotics is species/strain specific; the potential benefits need to be individually assessed for each probiotic strain or species. We established a co-culture model, in which gastrointestinal infection was modeled using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. enterica serovar Typhimurium). Using intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), the effects of pre-, co-, and post-treatment with Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus on the barrier function, intracellular (IC) reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) response, and adhesion inhibition were tested. E. coli- and S. Typhimurium-induced barrier impairment and increased ROS production could be counteracted using L. rhamnosus (p < 0.01). S. Typhimurium-induced IL-6 production was reduced via pre-treatment (p < 0.05) and post-treatment (p < 0.01); increased IL-8 secretion was decreased via pre-, co-, and post-treatment (p < 0.01) with L. rhamnosus. L. rhamnosus demonstrated significant inhibition of adhesion for both S. Typhimurium (p < 0.001) and E. coli (p < 0.001 in both pre-treatment and post-treatment; p < 0.05 in co-treatment). This study makes a substantial contribution to the understanding of the specific benefits of L. rhamnosus. Our findings can serve as a basis for further in vivo studies carried out in pigs and humans.
Relative Influences of Inertia and Polymeric Viscoelastic Effects on Nusselt Numbers within Rotating Couette Flows
Authors: Ligrani Phil , Hietsch Valerie , Su Mengying 
Published: September 2023

In past investigations of elastic instabilities and elastic turbulence, almost no attention has been devoted to the effects and influences of inertial phenomena. Within the present investigation, Nusselt number data are provided to illustrate the relative influences of inertia and polymeric viscoelastic phenomena within a rotating Couette flow (RCF) environment. Data are provided from experimental measurements of local surface heat transfer characteristics for different flow passage heights, one radial position, and different values of disk rotational speed for polyacrylamide polymer concentrations ρ of 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 300 ppm. With this approach, data for a wide range of shear rate γ˙ values, Weissenberg numbers, and first normal stress difference values are provided. Nusselt number data are provided as dependent upon a newly developed P′ parameter, equal to ReEI/Re0.22, which collapse into a single distribution over the range of P′ values considered which range from 0 to about 182. Such characteristics indicate that the P′ parameter provides an appropriate means to simultaneously account for the relative influences of inertia and polymeric viscoelastic effects. The use of such a power law dependence for Re additionally gives P′ values which are dominated by ReEI values when the Weissenberg number Wi is greater than the elastic instability transition onset value. The experimental conditions associated with this value correspond to the change from inertia domination (with buoyance influences) to polymeric viscoelastic domination which occurs for shear rates in the vicinity of 11 to 12 s−1. For Weissenberg numbers greater than the onset value, Nusselt numbers associated with H = 5 mm are generally the highest values measured, with magnitudes that steadily increase with γ˙. Associated Nusselt numbers become as high as about 3.0, whereas zero-shear rate values (obtained with zero rotation) are in the vicinity of 1.0. At lower Weissenberg number magnitudes (below the transition onset value), Nusselt numbers cover a wide range of values as experimental conditions and configuration are varied, as a consequence of the complicated and simultaneous influences of inertia, buoyancy, and dilute polymer presence.
Yogurt Enriched with Mango Peel Extracts (Mangifera indica) in Chitosan–Xanthan Gum Dispersions: Physicochemical, Rheological, Stability, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Lastra-Ripoll Santander E. , Quintana Somaris E. , García-Zapateiro Luis A. 
Published: September 2023

Different strategies have been developed to incorporate bioactive compounds into food products to improve their biological activity against degradation effects. The aim of this study was to develop natural yogurt enriched with mango (Mangifera indica) peel extracts (MPEs) in chitosan–xanthan gum dispersions and to evaluate their physicochemical, rheological, and antioxidant activity. A hydroethanolic extract of mango peel was obtained, with a yield of 33.24 ± 1.27%, a total content of phenolic compounds of 305.04 ± 10.70 mg GAE/g, and an antioxidant activity of 1470.41 ± 59.75 μMol Trolox/g. The encapsulation of the extracts was achieved using a chitosan–xanthan gum dispersion, resulting in the rheological characteristic of a strong gel. The incorporation of dispersions into yogurt did not modify the physicochemical properties and increased their bioactive properties. The rheological properties show samples with double yield points and a decrease in viscoelastic parameters. These results show dispersions as a strategy to incorporate bioactive compounds into dairy products, preserve the physicochemical and rheological properties of yogurt, and improve their biological activities (such as antioxidant activity) and activities related to the compounds found in the MPE.
RNA-Seq of Tomato Fruit-Alternaria Chitin Oligomer Interaction Reveals Genes Encoding Chitin Membrane Receptors and the Activation of the Defense Response
Authors: García Yaima Henry , Troncoso-Rojas Rosalba , Báez-Flores María Elena , Hernández-Oñate Miguel Ángel , Tiznado-Hernández Martín Ernesto 
Published: September 2023

The tomato is an economically important crop worldwide, although fungal infections by Alternaria alternata are the main cause of large postharvest fruit losses. One alternative to chemical control is the induction of the defense mechanism of plants with natural molecules such as chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide of the fungal cell wall that is recognized by plasma membrane receptors that activates the transcription of plant defense genes. Because there is little information on the genes involved in chitin perception and defense responses to fungal chitin oligomers in tomato fruits, the main objective of this study was to identify pattern recognition receptor-associated genes in tomato fruits that perceive chitin oligomers from the necrotrophic fungus A. alternata using RNA-Seq. Chitin oligomers were obtained from A. alternata via enzymatic treatment. Tomato fruits in the pink ripening stage were exposed to these chitin oligomers for 30 min. The induction of tomato genes encoding a plasma membrane receptor that recognizes fungal chitin (LRR, RLK, SlLYK4, and SlCERK1) was observed 30 min after treatment. Similarly, the perception of Alternaria chitin oligomers triggered the induction of genes involved in signaling pathways regulated by ethylene and jasmonic acid. Further, activation of plant defense phenomena was confirmed by the upregulation of several genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. The scientific information generated in the present work will help to better elucidate tomato fruit’s response to pathogens and to design protocols to reduce postharvest losses due to fungal infection.
Structure–Activity Relationships and Antiplasmodial Potencies of Novel 3,4-Disubstituted 1,2,5-Oxadiazoles
Authors: Hochegger Patrick , Hermann Theresa , Dolensky Johanna , Seebacher Werner , Saf Robert , Pferschy-Wenzig Eva-Maria , Kaiser Marcel , Mäser Pascal , Weis Robert 
Published: September 2023

The 4-substituted 3-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole 1 from the Malaria Box Project of the Medicines for Malaria Venture foundation shows very promising selectivity and in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Within the first series of new compounds, various 3-acylamino analogs were prepared. This paper now focuses on the investigation of the importance of the aromatic substituent in ring position 4. A number of new structure–activity relationships were elaborated, showing that antiplasmodial activity and selectivity strongly depend on the substitution pattern of the 4-phenyl moiety. In addition, physicochemical parameters relevant for drug development were calculated (logP and ligand efficiency) or determined experimentally (CYP3A4-inhibition and aqueous solubility). N-[4-(3-ethoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl]-3-methylbenzamide 51 showed high in vitro activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain NF54 of P. falciparum (PfNF54 IC50 = 0.034 µM), resulting in a very promising selectivity index of 1526.
OsBTBZ1 Confers Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Saputro Triono B. , Jakada Bello H. , Chutimanukul Panita , Comai Luca , Buaboocha Teerapong , Chadchawan Supachitra 
Published: September 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), one of the most important commodities and a primary food source worldwide, can be affected by adverse environmental factors. The chromosome segment substitution line 16 (CSSL16) of rice is considered salt-tolerant. A comparison of the transcriptomic data of the CSSL16 line under normal and salt stress conditions revealed 511 differentially expressed sequence (DEseq) genes at the seedling stage, 520 DEseq genes in the secondary leaves, and 584 DEseq genes in the flag leaves at the booting stage. Four BTB genes, OsBTBZ1, OsBTBZ2, OsBTBN3, and OsBTBN7, were differentially expressed under salt stress. Interestingly, only OsBTBZ1 was differentially expressed at the seedling stage, whereas the other genes were differentially expressed at the booting stage. Based on the STRING database, OsBTBZ1 was more closely associated with other abiotic stress-related proteins than other BTB genes. The highest expression of OsBTBZ1 was observed in the sheaths of young leaves. The OsBTBZ1-GFP fusion protein was localized to the nucleus, supporting the hypothesis of a transcriptionally regulatory role for this protein. The bt3 Arabidopsis mutant line exhibited susceptibility to NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) but not to mannitol. NaCl and ABA decreased the germination rate and growth of the mutant lines. Moreover, the ectopic expression of OsBTBZ1 rescued the phenotypes of the bt3 mutant line and enhanced the growth of wild-type Arabidopsis under stress conditions. These results suggest that OsBTBZ1 is a salt-tolerant gene functioning in ABA-dependent pathways.
The Plant Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Orthotospovirus Benefits Its Vector Frankliniella occidentalis by Decreasing Plant Toxic Alkaloids in Host Plant Datura stramonium
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Zhang Jiahui , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Jinming , Wang Yunsheng , Lu Yaobin 
Published: September 2023

The transmission of insect-borne viruses involves sophisticated interactions between viruses, host plants, and vectors. Chemical compounds play an important role in these interactions. Several studies reported that the plant virus tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) increases host plant quality for its vector and benefits the vector thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. However, few studies have investigated the chemical ecology of thrips vectors, TSWV, and host plants. Here, we demonstrated that in TSWV-infected host plant Datura stramonium, (1) F. occidentalis were more attracted to feeding on TSWV-infected D. stramonium; (2) atropine and scopolamine, the main tropane alkaloids in D. stramonium, which are toxic to animals, were down-regulated by TSWV infection of the plant; and (3) F. occidentalis had better biological performance (prolonged adult longevity and increased fecundity, resulting in accelerated population growth) on TSWV-infected D. stramonium than on TSWV non-infected plants. These findings provide in-depth information about the physiological mechanisms responsible for the virus’s benefits to its vector by virus infection of plant regulating alkaloid accumulation in the plant.
Verification of Composite Beam Theory with Finite Element Model for Pretensioned Concrete Members with Prestressing FRP Tendons
Authors: Sha Xin , Davidson James S. 
Published: September 2023

Composite beam theory was previously developed to establish an analytical solution for determining the transfer length of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) tendons in pretensioned concrete members. In the present study, a novel finite element (FE) modeling approach is proposed to provide further verification of the developed analytical method. The present FE model takes into account the friction coefficients obtained from pull-out tests on the FRP tendons and prestressed concrete members. Convergence analysis of two numerical simulations with different mesh densities is carried out as well. The results demonstrated that the transfer length predicted by the fine FE model with a friction coefficient of α = 0.3 for high pretension is in good agreement with the measured values and the analytical solutions. The consistency between the analytical solution and FE simulation not only further proves the reliability of composite beam theory but also demonstrates the importance of the bond–slip relationship in predicting the transfer length of pretensioned concrete members prestressed with FRP tendons.
Characteristics of Age Classification into Five-Year Intervals to Explain Sarcopenia and Immune Cells in Older Adults
Authors: Heo Seung-Jae , Jee Yong-Seok 
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: This study focused on investigating sarcopenic factors and immune cells in older adulthood. To achieve this, the variables related to sarcopenia and immune cells in people living in the same community were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 433 elderly individuals aged 61 to 85 years were randomly categorized as follows in 5-year intervals: 68 in the youngest-old group (aged 61–65), 168 in the young-old group (aged 66–70), 127 in the middle-old group (aged 71–75), 46 in the old-old group (aged 76–80), and 19 in the oldest-old group (aged 81–85). Results: With the progression of age, calf circumference (−8.4 to −11.05%; p = 0.001) and grip strength (−9.32 to −21.01%; p = 0.001) exhibited a noticeable reduction with each successive 5-year age bracket. Conversely, the capability to complete the five-time chair stand demonstrated a clear incline (32.49 to 56.81%; p = 0.001), starting from the middle-aged group. As for appendicular skeletal muscle mass, there was an evident tendency for it to decrease (−7.08 to −26.62%; p = 0.001) with increasing age. A gradual decline in natural killer cells became apparent within the old-old and oldest-old groups (−9.28 to −26.27%; p = 0.001). The results of the post hoc test revealed that CD3 T cells showcased their peak levels in both the youngest-old and young-old groups. This was followed by the middle-old and old-old groups, with slightly lower levels. This pattern was similarly observed in CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and CD19 B cells. Conclusions: This study reaffirmed that sarcopenia and immune cell function decline with each successive 5-year increase in age. Considering these findings, the importance of implementing programs aimed at ensuring a high-quality extension of life for the elderly is strongly underscored.
First Detection and Molecular Analysis of Leishmania infantum DNA in Sand Flies of Kosovo
Authors: Xhekaj Betim , Hoxha Ina , Platzgummer Katharina , Kniha Edwin , Walochnik Julia , Sherifi Kurtesh , Rexhepi Agim , Behluli Behlul , Dvořák Vit , Fuehrer Hans-Peter , Obwaller Adelheid G. , Poeppl Wolfgang , Stefanovska Jovana , Cvetkovikj Aleksandar 
Published: September 2023

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are the principal vectors of phleboviruses and Leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniases. The Mediterranean sand fly fauna is diverse, and leishmaniasis, mainly caused by Leishmania infantum, is endemic in the Balkan countries. Despite recent entomological surveys, only some districts of Kosovo have been sampled for sand flies, with no proof/confirmation of L. infantum. This study aimed to gain further insights into the species composition of natural sand fly populations in previously unsampled districts and areas in Kosovo without reports of leishmaniasis and to detect Leishmania DNA in sand flies. A sand fly survey was conducted in 2022 in all seven districts of Kosovo. Collected females were screened for Leishmania DNA by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced and subjected to maximum likelihood analysis with reference sequences for further molecular characterization. The trapping activities at 114 different localities resulted in 3272 caught specimens, comprising seven sand fly species of two genera, namely Phlebotomus neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. tobbi, Ph. papatasi, Ph. simici, Ph. balcanicus and Sergentomyia minuta. Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in three individual sand flies of Ph. neglectus and Ph. perfiliewi. This study provides the most extensive sand fly survey in Kosovo and reports the first record of L. infantum DNA in sand flies, indicating autochthonous circulation of L. infantum.
Phosphate Transporter BnaPT37 Regulates Phosphate Homeostasis in Brassica napus by Changing Its Translocation and Distribution In Vivo
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Xue , Zhang Hao , Ye Xiangsheng , Shi Lei , Xu Fangsen , Ding Guangda 
Published: September 2023

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is actively taken up by Pi transporters (PTs) from the soil and transported into the plant. Here, we functionally characterized the Brassica napus gene BnaPT37, which belongs to the PHT1 family. BnaPT37 is a plasma membrane-localized protein containing 534 amino acids. Expression of BnaPT37 increased significantly under Pi deficiency in various tissues, especially in fully expanded leaves. Expression of the β-glucuronidase reporter gene driven by the BnaPT37 promoter showed that BnaPT37 is expressed in the root, stem, calyx, and leaf under Pi deficiency. BnaPT37 can complement a yeast mutant strain defective in five Pi transporters and can restore the growth of the Arabidopsis atpt1/2 double mutant under Pi deprivation. Overexpression of BnaPT37 in rapeseed significantly increased Pi translocation from root to shoot. Moreover, the movement of Pi from fully expanded leaves to new leaves and roots was enhanced in the transgenic lines compared to the wild type. However, the overexpression of BnaPT37 inhibited the flowering time, plant height, and Pi accumulation in seeds. In conclusion, BnaPT37 functions as a plasma membrane-localized Pi transporter and might be involved in Pi translocation from root to shoot and Pi distribution from source to sink in B. napus.
Laboratory-Induced Bifenthrin, Flonicamid, and Thiamethoxam Resistance and Fitness Costs in Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Gul Hina , Haq Ihsan ul , Güncan Ali , Ullah Farman , Desneux Nicolas , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2023

The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most economically important pests of wheat crops worldwide. Thiamethoxam, bifenthrin, and flonicamid are extensively used insecticides for controlling this key pest. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides has led to the development of resistance in insects. In this study, we assessed the development of selection-induced resistance to bifenthrin, flonicamid, and thiamethoxam under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, we employed the age-stage, two-sex life table method to examine the fitness of R. padi. After ten generations of selection, bifenthrin-, flonicamid-, and thiamethoxam-resistant strains of R. padi were developed with resistance levels of 34.46, 31.97, and 26.46-fold, respectively. The life table analysis revealed a significant decrease in adult longevity and fecundity in these resistant strains compared to susceptible strain. Furthermore, the key demographic parameters such as net reproductive rate (R0) and reproductive days exhibited a significant reduction in all resistant strains, while the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were decreased only in resistant strains to bifenthrin and thiamethoxam. Taken together, these findings provide a comprehensive understanding of laboratory-induced insecticide resistance evolution and the associated fitness costs in R. padi. This knowledge could help to design resistance management strategies against this particular pest of wheat.
Representasi Pionir Pada Iklan Televisi A Mild "Karena A Pasti Yang Pertama"
Authors: Faturahman Winata 
Published: September 2023

A Mild merupakan produk salah satu produsen rokok terbesar di Indonesia yaitu Sampoerna. Pada awal kemunculannya A Mild sudah memiliki tagline yang membentuk branding bahwa produk ini adalah produk nomor satu dan produk pelopor. Tagline Others Only Can Follow merupakan tagline yang sudah melekat sejak kemunculan produk ini. Sebagai produk yang mampu bersaing. Pada iklan versi terbaru ini A Mild sukses merepresentasikan pionir pada iklan televisi tersebut melalui visual /gambarnya. setiap scene memiliki representasi yang menggambarkan kepioniran dari produk tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui representasi pionir yang terdapat dalam iklan karena A mild sendiri mempunyai tagline “Karena A Pasti yang Pertama. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma yang digunakan adalah paradigma konstruktivis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode semiotika John Fiske. Menurut Fiske, kode-kode yang muncul atau yang digunakan dalam acara televisi saling berhubungan sehingga terbentuk sebuah makna. Pada iklan tersebut , adegan pada setiap scene berhasil mencerminkan bahwa produk tersebut adalah sebagai pionir.
KONSEP DETERMINISME DALAM FILM SOUL (STUDI ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES)
Authors: Arni Arni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Soul is a film directed by Pate Doctor. The film's story is about the concept of determinism, whose core idea is a causal relationship (causal). It means everything that happens to us is determined by pre-existing causes, such as talent, personality, spirit, and desire. These pre-existing causes have been determined before humans are born. They became the guide to prevent individuals from deviating from his/her destiny. This study aims to analyze the meaning of determinism's message in the film Soul, using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The research method used is a qualitative paradigm with a descriptive research type. Qualitative research aims to explain the denotative signs, connotations, and myths in the film Soul. The data analysis technique uses Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis to develop a more dynamic signified-dichotomous model. The results of the research show that 1. The thesis or the big idea of this film is that everything that happens to us has sufficient reasons why it happens; 2. Personality and spark formed in Your seminars are not the purpose but something that ignites and encourages the soul to do what is determined initially. However, the condition does not limit the soul if it wants to escape its predetermined purpose. 3. A person who can recognize his passion from the start is unlikely to take the wrong path or the path of another.
Keywords: Determinism; Soul Movies; Semiotics