bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High copy number of multi-drug resistance genes in spent coffee grounds used in organic composting
Authors: Hou Jinpao , Chiu Yuen Ting , Lam Kit-ling , Kwong Ki-ying , Lau Johnny Hoi-lung , Marafa Lawal M. , Tsui Stephen Kwok-wing , Mo Ian Wing-yin , Chan Ping Lung 
Published: May 2023

Background: The demand for organic composts made of animal manure and food waste, such as spent coffee grounds, is increasing as organic farming is gaining popularity. One of the potential public health hazards of using these organic composts is the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Animal manure is generally believed to be the primary source of these bacteria and genes since antibiotics are commonly used in animal farming. However, there is little concrete evidence supporting this claim. Here, we examined this argument by characterising the resistome of the raw materials, namely, chicken manure (CF), spent coffee grounds (COFFEE), and chopped grass (GRASS) commonly used in Hong Kong for preparing organic composts. Methods: Three independent samples of the three raw materials were collected from an organic farm in Hong Kong. DNA of the samples were extracted and sequenced by metagenomic sequencing. The resistome of the samples was analysed using the resistome analysis pipeline ARGs-OAP v2.0. The abundance and the richness of the ARGs among the samples were compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. Results: COFFEE carried the highest copy number of ARGs per cell (2.771–3.539) and was significantly higher than that of CF (1.991–2.617) and GRASS (0.491–0.537). Multi-drug resistance genes predominated the resistome of COFFEE, for which the richness of the resistome was the lowest among the three materials (150–154 ARG subtypes). It was significantly lower than that of CF (203–229 ARG subtypes) but not that of GRASS (153–203 ARG subtypes). Conclusions: Contrary to the general belief that animal manure is the primary source of antibiotic resistance genes in organic composts, it was found that COFFEE carried the highest copy number of ARGs among the three materials, and multi-drug resistance genes predominated the resistome of COFFEE.
Organizing training workshops on gene literature retrieval, profiling, and visualization for early career researchers
Authors: Al Ali Fatima , Marr Alexandra K , Tatari-Calderone Zohreh , Alfaki Mohamed , Toufiq Mohammed , Roelands Jessica , Syed Ahamed Kabeer Basirudeen , Bedognetti Davide , Marr Nico , Garand Mathieu , Rinchai Darawan , Chaussabel Damien 
Published: May 2023

Early-career researchers must acquire the skills necessary to effectively search and extract information from biomedical literature. This ability is for instance crucial for evaluating the novelty of experimental results, and assessing potential publishing opportunities. Given the rapidly growing volume of publications in the field of biomedical research, new systematic approaches need to be devised and adopted for the retrieval and curation of literature relevant to a specific theme. In this context, we present a hands-on training curriculum aimed at retrieval, profiling, and visualization of literature associated with a given topic. The curriculum was implemented in a workshop in January 2021. Here we provide supporting material and step-by-step implementation guidelines with the ISG15 gene literature serving as an illustrative use case. Workshop participants can learn several skills, including: 1) building and troubleshoot PubMed queries in order to retrieve the literature associated with a gene of interest; 2) identifying key concepts relevant to given themes (such as cell types, diseases, and biological processes); 3) measuring the prevalence of these concepts in the gene literature; 4) extracting key information from relevant articles, and 5) developing a background section or summary on the basis of this information. Finally, trainees can learn to consolidate the structured information captured through this process for presentation via an interactive web application.
Governance, access, and harms: perspectives of the Irish public on the use of their genetic data for research
Authors: Staunton Ciara , Middleton Anna , Milne Richard , Ó Broin Pilib , Calmasini Carlo 
Published: May 2023

Background After years of government inaction, Ireland’s first National Strategy for Accelerating Genetics and Genomic Medicine in Ireland was launched in December 2022. Research, innovation, and robust governance are identified as key to supporting a genomic service. It is critical that any policies developed to support the implementation of this strategy are informed in part by the views of the Irish public. The aim of this research is to explore the perspectives of the Irish public on the use of their genetic data for research. Methods The “Your DNA Your Say” project is a global exploratory project that is gathering public attitudes towards genomic data sharing. Between March and April 2022, 1005 members of the Irish public were anonymously surveyed to determine their views on the use of their genetic data and health data for research. Results Less than half of respondents were familiar with DNA, genetics, and genomics. There was a feeling that DNA and medical information should receive high levels of protection. Amongst the categories to whom the participants could share data, there are high levels of trust in the medical profession, and highest levels of willingness to share data with the medical profession. There were low levels of willingness for a separate individual or entity to decide on access. Overall, there is a consistent level of uncertainty with many respondents selecting “I do not know”, perhaps indicating the need for more information in this area. Conclusion It is critical that the Genomic Strategic builds upon the willingness to donate and provides ongoing and sustained funding to ensure trust of the Irish public in genomic research.
NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES IN CUSTOMS LAW
Authors: Litke Polina V. , Morozov Vitaliy E. 
Published: May 2023

Necessary to point out that the current system of tariff regulation is a prerequisite for the implementation of an effective customs policy and the implementation by customs authorities of the tasks of ensuring the economic security of the country. However, most countries don’t currently have the ability to actively respond to changes in the terms of trade by reducing or increasing tariff rates. Therefore, against the backdrop of a decrease in the customs and tariff protection of national markets, the role of non-tariff means of foreign trade policy is growing. It is non-tariff measures that are the main tool for protecting the domestic market and the country’s economy from unfair actions of foreign states in the field of foreign trade. The preference given to non-tariff measures is due to the fact that, unlike tariff measures, they do not constitute an additional tax burden for the population.
Purpose. The article is devoted to the characterization of legal regulation of non-tariff regulation measures. The authors give classification to these measures and pay attention to their individual types: for example, product quotas.
Methodology. he basis of the study is the dialectical-materialistic method of knowing objective reality and the general scientific and private scientific methods based on it (comparison, analysis, deduction, induction, formal-logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, system-structural, interpretation method).
The results of the study consist in the analysis of the term «non-tariff regulation measures», the formulation of their typology, the grounds for their application. The authors formulate a proposal for their codification at the supranational level.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of customs regulation or foreign trade.
Uncovering Retail Trading in Bitcoin: The Impact of COVID-19 Stimulus Checks
Authors: Divakaruni Anantha , Zimmerman Peter 
Published: May 2023

In April 2020, the U.S. government sent economic impact payments (EIPs) directly to households as part of its measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic. We characterize these stimulus checks as a wealth shock for households and examine their effect on retail trading in Bitcoin. We find a significant increase in Bitcoin buy trades of size $1,200, which is the modal EIP amount. We find similar increases in trading for other countries that paid out stimulus checks. We estimate that the EIPs have a significant impact on the U.S. dollar–Bitcoin trading pair, increasing buy volume by 3.8% and the price by 0.6%. We also find that demand for Bitcoin is highly price inelastic compared with the demand for stocks. We suggest the demographic characteristics that make people more resilient to the COVID-19 economic shock—single, computer literate, and educated—are also characteristics of people who are more interested in Bitcoin. This paper was accepted by Bruno Biais, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4790 .
Distribution-Free Contextual Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Luo Yiyun , Sun Will Wei , Liu Yufeng 
Published: May 2023

Contextual dynamic pricing aims to set personalized prices based on sequential interactions with customers. At each time period, a customer who is interested in purchasing a product comes to the platform. The customer’s valuation for the product is a linear function of contexts, including product and customer features, plus some random market noise. The seller does not observe the customer’s true valuation, but instead needs to learn the valuation by leveraging contextual information and historic binary purchase feedback. Existing models typically assume full or partial knowledge of the random noise distribution. In this paper, we consider contextual dynamic pricing with unknown random noise in the linear valuation model. Our distribution-free pricing policy learns both the contextual function and the market noise simultaneously. A key ingredient of our method is a novel perturbed linear bandit framework, in which a modified linear upper confidence bound algorithm is proposed to balance the exploration of market noise and the exploitation of the current knowledge for better pricing. We establish the regret upper bound and a matching lower bound of our policy in the perturbed linear bandit framework and prove a sublinear regret bound in the considered pricing problem. Finally, we demonstrate the superior performance of our policy on simulations and a real-life auto loan data set. Funding: Y. Liu and W.W. Sun acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Social and Economic Sciences [Grant NSF-SES 2217440]. Supplemental Material: The supplementary material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/moor.2023.1369 .
Design and test of a FBG acceleration sensor based on multi-stage flexible hinges
Authors: Li Caihua , Guan Yuxin , Zhang Bingbing , Qiu Lei , Zhou Jianchao , Hu Xingxing 
Published: May 2023

High-precision and high-sensitivity vibration acceleration sensors have been a research hotspot in engineering technology, which play an important role in engineering structural health monitoring, earthquakes, tsunamis, and geological exploration. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor incorporating a mass block and flexible hinge was proposed against the low sensitivity and poor transverse interference resistance of existing FBG acceleration sensors. The FBG accelerometer with the multi-stage flexible hinge was modeled and theoretically analyzed, the structural parameters of the sensor were optimized and actual sensors were developed, and a sensor performance test experiment was carried out in the end. The result suggested that the sensor’s natural frequency was as high as 1400 Hz, and its response was flat in the frequency range of 50–800 Hz; its sensitivity was 18.4 pm/g, linearity R2 was 0.9983, and transverse interference immunity was below 3.2%. The research findings offered a new way of thinking about high-precision and high-sensitivity vibration measurement in engineering technology.
Thermal compensation design of achromatic and apochromatic optical systems using a 3D glass chart
Authors: Ren Zhiguang , Li Xuyang , Pang Zhihai , Wang Wei , Wei Jinyang , Zhao Jiawen , Yao Kaizhong 
Published: May 2023

It is important to determine
the ideal combination of housing materials, groups of refractive
materials, and their optical powers for athermalizing achromatic and
apochromatic optical systems. This study proposes
a combined design approach
that utilizes three or more glass types to resolve thermal aberrations
and defocus achromatic and apochromatic optical systems. It selects a
suitable glass type using a 3D glass chart and calculates the optical
power analytically. Furthermore, a temperature-insensitive optical
system with a 450–750 nm band based on refractive materials
(CDGM Glass Co., Ltd.) is designed, with the modular transfer function
value of the center field of view decreasing by less than 0.024 in the
temperature range of −40∘C to +80∘C and the secondary spectrum aberration
decreasing by over three times and being maintained within
0.08 mm.
Prevalence of refractive error among Dongarias and use of Folding Phoropter (FoFo) as a field device enabling implementation research in this indigenous community. Tribal Odisha Eye Disease Study (TOES) Report # 13
Authors: Padhy Debananda , Das Taraprasad , Majhi Debasmita , Khanna Rohit C. , Avhad Komal , Ota Akhila Bihari , Rout Prachi Parimita , Rath Suryasnata 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
To evaluate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error (URE) among Dongarias—a particularly vulnerable tribal group in Rayagada, Odisha, India and evaluate if folding phoropter (FoFo) can help achieve on-site correction of URE.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. FoFo was used for people with URE. Spherical equivalent (SE) spectacles based on the FoFo refraction were dispensed when distance visual acuity improved to > 6/12. Others were referred to fixed eye centres. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the relationship of URE with sociodemographic characters and factors predicting acceptance of FoFo.

Results
In the study, 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]:7–8) people had URE, and included 4% with severe vision impairment and 36% with moderate visual impairment. URE was less common in children. Simple hyperopia was more common in females (25.3% vs 19.3%); compound myopic astigmatism was more common in males (27.4% vs 20.2%). People older than 50 years (p <0.0001) and females (p <0.0001) were more likely to have URE. Ninety-four people accepted FoFo on-site refraction and received SE spectacles; the acceptance was better in the younger (15–29 years old) and literate people (p <0.0001).

Conclusions
URE was the second most common cause of visual impairment in older adults and was higher in females. Within its technological limit, FoFo could be used in the field for correcting URE and obviating the need for travel, thus bridging the know-do gap for the marginalised Dongaria community.
Characterising school-age health and function in rural Zimbabwe using the SAHARAN toolbox
Authors: Piper Joe D. , Mazhanga Clever , Mapako Gloria , Mapurisa Idah , Mashedze Tsitsi , Munyama Eunice , Mwapaura Marian , Chidhanguro Dzivaidzo , Mpofu Eddington , Mutasa Batsirai , Gladstone Melissa J. , Wells Jonathan C. , Langhaug Lisa F. , Tavengwa Naume V. , Ntozini Robert , Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
We developed the School-Age Health, Activity, Resilience, Anthropometry and Neurocognitive (SAHARAN) toolbox to address the shortage of school-age assessment tools that combine growth, physical and cognitive function. Here we present i) development, acceptability and feasibility of the SAHARAN toolbox; ii) characteristics of a pilot cohort; and iii) associations between the domains measured in the cohort.

Methods
Growth was measured with anthropometry, knee-heel length and skinfold thicknesses. Bioimpedance analysis measured lean mass index and phase angle. Cognition was assessed using the mental processing index, derived from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children version 2, a fine motor finger-tapping task, and School Achievement Test (SAT). Physical function combined grip strength, broad jump and the 20m shuttle-run test to produce a total physical score. A caregiver questionnaire was performed in parallel.

Results
The SAHARAN toolbox was feasible to implement in rural Zimbabwe, and highly acceptable to children and caregivers following some minor modifications. Eighty children with mean (SD) age 7.6 (0.2) years had mean height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) of -0.63 (0.81) and -0.55 (0.85), respectively. Lean mass index and total skinfold thicknesses were related to WAZ and BMI Z-score, but not to HAZ. Total physical score was associated with unit rises in HAZ (1.29, 95% CI 0.75, 1.82, p<0.001), and lean mass index (0.50, 95% CI 0.16, 0.83, p = 0.004), but not skinfold thicknesses. The SAT was associated with unit increases in the mental processing index and child socioemotional score. The caregiver questionnaire identified high levels of adversity and food insecurity.

Conclusions
The SAHARAN toolbox provided a feasible and acceptable holistic assessment of child growth and function in mid-childhood. We found clear associations between growth, height-adjusted lean mass and physical function, but not cognitive function. The SAHARAN toolbox could be deployed to characterise school-age growth, development and function elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.
Techno-economic analysis of fixed versus sun-tracking solar panels
Authors: Elahi Gol Akram , Ščasný Milan 
Published: May 2023

The potential output of photovoltaic (PV) panels is influenced by several factors, including the direction of solar radiation from the sun toward the panel’s surface. The maximum output of the panels is obtained when the panels are vertical to the sun's rays. In this study, a techno-economic analysis is conducted to examine whether an automatic one-axis sun tracker system is an economically feasible option for installing a large-scale PV park in the Nicosia district in the central part of Cyprus. The performance of a one-axis sun tracker with an installed capacity of 781 kWp is compared to a PV system with a fixed flat structure having the same capacity and larger capacity at 1034 kWp. Output generated by the three PV system options is simulated by three alternative simulation software (SolarGIS, PVSyst, and PVGIS). Financial analysis is performed utilizing simulated PV power output, accounting for electricity feed-in tariff and overall cost of the project. The cash-flow model is run for several scenarios defined by different leverage ratios, including no leverage. Considering the technical parameters of a PV system and solar panel characteristics, such as the degradation effect on solar panel efficiency and solar radiation, we estimate the solar tracking system produces about 20%–30% more energy compared to a fixed structure. We find both technologies are economically viable options, however, a one-axis tracker system performs better financially. LCOE in all scenarios is below the highest acceptable level for solar PV projects in Cyprus which is 103 EUR per MWh. LCOE for a solar tracker PV is 39 EUR per MWh with a 30% leverage ratio and up to 79 EUR per MWh with 85% leverage. LCOE for a sun-tracker is ~20% lower than LCOE for a PV with a fixed axis of comparable size. Despite higher investment costs, the solar tracking PV system performs with a 12% higher equity internal rate of return, and a 9% shorter loan payback period compared to the same installed power of a fixed structure. The Financial analysis is complemented by quantified benefits due to avoided carbon emissions. Accounting for carbon benefits makes a sun-tracker PV system economically a better option over the fixed tracker PV system, resulting in 228,000 EUR more benefits. Overall, the present value of net benefits of a solar-tracker PV amounts to 1.39 mil. EUR and due to high irradiation in Cyprus, the carbon footprint of PV power output represents only 6% of the footprint of generating electricity in thermal power plants. When these benefits are accounted for the sum of NPV and social benefits will turn out to be higher for a one-axis tracker compared to the total social benefits of a fixed tracker of the same size.
Zur Praxis des Judenschutzes im Meistertum des Deutschen Ordens zum Ende der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Grimm Maximilian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The article deals with the practice of granting protection in the Franconian possessions of the Teutonic Order. In the early modern period, the examined area was a dominion characterized by structures of small-scale ownership, disputed dominion rights and unclear borders. The Jewish population lived distributed over the entire area in specific focal points. Branches with shared local rulers were of particular importance. The right to settle was nominally granted by the Hochmeister and Deutschmeister. Obtaining protection was associated with an official process for which defined patterns of action were developed. It formed a communication and negotiation process that was conducted across various administrative levels and was characterized by a close exchange between Christian and Jewish actors.
Media portrayal of people with autism spectrum disorder in an official Chinese newspaper
Authors: Lin Meizhen , Ma Bosen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
News media play a potentially vital role in promoting how people perceive and evaluate people with autism spectrum disorder. While there is an extensive literature on verbal texts of media representations of people with autism spectrum disorder, there is little on the way that such discourses are realized and disseminated visually. This study, based on the framework of multimodal critical discourse analysis, examines the features of images in media coverage of people with autism spectrum disorder within an official Chinese newspaper from 2008 to 2019. The findings indicate that people with autism spectrum disorder are portrayed in the corpus as deficient in communication, deviating from the norm, pathological, and in need of medical intervention and family assistance, as well as having somewhat special talents. The findings also demonstrate that images in the corpus seem to reinforce stereotypes of people with autism spectrum disorder to a greater or lesser extent.
A novel conservative numerical approximation scheme for the Rosenau-Kawahara equation
Authors: Pan Xintian , Zhang Luming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, a numerical solution for the Rosenau-Kawahara equation is considered. A new conservative numerical approximation scheme is presented to solve the initial boundary value problem of the Rosenau-Kawahara equation, which preserves the original conservative properties. The proposed scheme is based on the finite difference method. The existence of the numerical solutions for the scheme has been shown by Browder fixed point theorem. The priori bound and error estimates, as well as the conservation of discrete mass and discrete energy for the finite difference solutions, are discussed. The discrepancies of discrete mass and energy are computed and shown by the curves of these quantities over time. Unconditional stability, second-order convergence, and uniqueness of the scheme are proved based on the discrete energy method. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and confirm the theoretical analysis.