bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOTCH1 loss of the TAD and PEST domain: An antimorph?
Authors: Boerkoel Pierre , Huynh Stephanie , Yang Gui Xiang , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Patel Millan S. , Lehman Anna , Terry Jefferson , Elbert Adrienne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Notch proteins play key roles in cell fate determination during development. Germline pathogenic variants in NOTCH1 predispose to a spectrum of cardiovascular malformations including Adams‐Oliver syndrome and a wide variety of isolated complex and simple congenital heart defects. The intracellular C‐terminus of the single‐pass transmembrane receptor encoded by NOTCH1 contains a transcriptional activating domain (TAD) required for target gene activation and a PEST domain (a sequence rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine), regulating protein stability and turnover. We present a patient with a novel variant encoding a truncated NOTCH1 protein without the TAD and PEST domain (NM_017617.4: c.[6626_6629del];[=], p.(Tyr2209CysfsTer38)) and extensive cardiovascular abnormalities consistent with a NOTCH1‐mediated mechanism. This variant fails to promote transcription of target genes as assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Given the roles of the TAD and PEST domains in NOTCH1 function and regulation, we hypothesize that loss of both the TAD and the PEST domain results in a stable, loss‐of‐function protein that acts as an antimorph through competition with wild‐type NOTCH1.
De novo mutations disturb early brain development more frequently than common variants in schizophrenia
Authors: Itai Toshiyuki , Jia Peilin , Dai Yulin , Chen Jingchun , Chen Xiangning , Zhao Zhongming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvestigating functional, temporal, and cell‐type expression features of mutations is important for understanding a complex disease. Here, we collected and analyzed common variants and de novo mutations (DNMs) in schizophrenia (SCZ). We collected 2,636 missense and loss‐of‐function (LoF) DNMs in 2,263 genes across 3,477 SCZ patients (SCZ‐DNMs). We curated three gene lists: (a) SCZ‐neuroGenes (159 genes), which are intolerant to LoF and missense DNMs and are neurologically important, (b) SCZ‐moduleGenes (52 genes), which were derived from network analyses of SCZ‐DNMs, and (c) SCZ‐commonGenes (120 genes) from a recent GWAS as reference. To compare temporal gene expression, we used the BrainSpan dataset. We defined a fetal effect score (FES) to quantify the involvement of each gene in prenatal brain development. We further employed the specificity indexes (SIs) to evaluate cell‐type expression specificity from single‐cell expression data in cerebral cortices of humans and mice. Compared with SCZ‐commonGenes, SCZ‐neuroGenes and SCZ‐moduleGenes were highly expressed in the prenatal stage, had higher FESs, and had higher SIs in fetal replicating cells and undifferentiated cell types. Our results suggested that gene expression patterns in specific cell types in early fetal stages might have impacts on the risk of SCZ during adulthood.
Gene‐targeted therapies: Overview and implications
Authors: Brooks P J , Urv Tiina K. , Parisi Melissa A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGene‐targeted therapies (GTTs) are therapeutic platforms that are in principle applicable to large numbers of monogenic diseases. The rapid development and implementation of GTTs have profound implications for rare monogenic disease therapy development. This article provides a brief summary of the primary types of GTTs and a brief overview of the current state of the science. It also serves as a primer for the articles in this special issue.
A Janus Logic Gate with Sensing Function
Authors: Sui Junyang , Liao Siyuan , Dong Ruiyang , Zhang Hai‐Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA layered metastructure (LM) formed by a quasi‐periodic arrangement of graphene and isotropic dielectric mediums, which can realize the functions of the tunable logic gate and refractive index (RI) sensing based on spin Hall effect (SHE), is theoretically studied. The asymmetric arrangement of the mediums and the increased angle of the incident electromagnetic waves (EWs) equip the LM with Janus feature. Through the modulation of the graphene chemical potential, the sharp absorption peak (AP) in the terahertz (THz) range can be obtained, and then the AP can be used to implement NOT logic and OR logic respectively corresponding to the forward and backward scales. By locating the incident angle of light corresponding to the SHE displacement peak, the linear measurement relationship between RI and SHE angle can be realized, and the widest RI measurement range is 1–1.4 with the angles changing from 21.88° to 61.84°. Additionally, a good linear range can be achieved, owning the optimum sensitivity (S) up to 153.5° RIU−1. The RI sensing still strictly follows the logic functions of the forward NOT and backward OR via adjusting the chemical potential of graphene and discriminating the peak value of SHE displacement.
A Multiresponsive Functional AIEgen for Spatiotemporal Pattern Control and All‐round Information Encryption
Authors: He Xinyuan , Zhang Jianyu , Liu Xinyue , Jin Zhuwei , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFunctional materials with multi‐responsive properties and good controllability are highly desired for developing bioinspired and intelligent multifunctional systems. Although some chromic molecules have been developed, it is still challenging to realize in situ multicolor fluorescence changes based on a single luminogen. Herein, we reported an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen called CPVCM, which can undergo a specific amination with primary amines to trigger luminescence change and photoarrangement under UV irradiation at the same active site. Detailed mechanistic insights were carried out to illustrate the reactivity and reaction pathways. Accordingly, multiple‐colored images, a quick response code with dynamic colors, and an all‐round information encryption system were demonstrated to show the properties of multiple controls and responses. It is believed that this work not only provides a strategy to develop multiresponsive luminogens but also develops an information encryption system based on luminescent materials.
Amplification of Dissymmetry for Circularly Polarized Photodetection by Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization
Authors: Xue Yuncong , Zhang Can , Lv Tongjin , Qiu Longzhen , Wang Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized photodetectors require chiral light absorption materials with high sensing efficiency and low costs. Here readily accessible point chirality has been introduced to dicyanostilbenes as the chiral source, facilitating remote chirality transfer to the π‐aromatic core by cooperative supramolecular polymerization. The single‐handed supramolecular polymers display powerful circularly polarized photodetection capability with a dissymmetry factor value as high as 0.83, superior to those of π‐conjugated small molecules and oligomers. Strong chiral amplification occurs between the enantiopure sergeants and the achiral soldiers. The resulting supramolecular copolymers exhibit comparable photodetection efficiency to those of the homopolymeric ones, with a 90 % decrease in the enantiopure compound consumption. Therefore, cooperative supramolecular polymerization provides an effective yet economical avenue toward circularly polarized photodetection applications.
Modular Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Motif of Bacteroides vulgatus Lipopolysaccharides against Inflammatory Bowel Diseases through an Orthogonal One‐Pot Glycosylation Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yunqin , Wang Leilei , Zhou Qingli , Li Zuoshan , Li Dan , Yin Caixia , Wang Xiufang , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides vulgatus represent interesting targets for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, efficient access to long, branched and complex lipopolysaccharides remains challenging. Herein, we report the modular synthesis of a tridecasaccharide from Bacteroides vulgates through an orthogonal one‐pot glycosylation strategy based on glycosyl ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates, which avoids the issues of thioglycoside‐based one‐pot synthesis. Our approach also features: 1) 5,7‐O‐di‐tert‐butylsilylene‐directed glycosylation for stereoselective construction of the α‐Kdo linkage; 2) hydrogen‐bond‐mediated aglycone delivery for the stereoselective formation of β‐mannosidic bonds; 3) remote anchimeric assistance for stereoselective assembly of the α‐fucosyl linkage; 4) several orthogonal one‐pot synthetic steps and strategic use of orthogonal protecting groups to streamline oligosaccharide assembly; 5) convergent [1+6+6] one‐pot synthesis of the target.
Spin Manipulation in a Metal–Organic Layer through Mechanical Exfoliation for Highly Selective CO2Photoreduction
Authors: Wu Dayu , Yin Hua‐Qing , Wang Zeshi , Zhou Mingren , Yu Chengfeng , Wu Jing , Miao Huixian , Yamamoto Takashi , Zhaxi Wenjiang , Huang Zetao , Liu Luying , Huang Wei , Zhong Wenhui , Einaga Yasuaki , Jiang Jun , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpin manipulation of transition‐metal catalysts has great potential in mimicking enzyme electronic structures to improve activity and/or selectivity. However, it remains a great challenge to manipulate room‐temperature spin state of catalytic centers. Herein, we report a mechanical exfoliation strategy to in situ induce partial spin crossover from high‐spin (s=5/2) to low‐spin (s=1/2) of the ferric center. Due to spin transition of catalytic center, mixed‐spin catalyst exhibits a high CO yield of 19.7 mmol g−1with selectivity of 91.6 %, much superior to that of high‐spin bulk counterpart (50 % selectivity). Density functional theory calculations reveal that low‐spin 3d‐orbital electronic configuration performs a key function in promoting CO2adsorption and reducing activation barrier. Hence, the spin manipulation highlights a new insight into designing highly efficient biomimetic catalysts via optimizing spin state.
Integrating Asymmetric O−B−N Unit in Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters towards High‐Performance Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jin Jibiao , Duan Chunbo , Jiang He , Tao Peng , Xu Hui , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeveloping deep‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with both high efficiency and color purity remains a formidable challenge. Here, we proposed a design strategy by integrating asymmetric oxygen‐boron‐nitrogen (O−B−N) multi‐resonance (MR) unit into traditional N−B−N MR molecules to form a rigid and extended O−B−N−B−N MR π‐skeleton. Three deep‐blue MR‐TADF emitters ofOBN,NBNandODBNfeaturing asymmetric O−B−N, symmetric N−B−N and extended O−B−N−B−N MR units were synthesized through the regioselective one‐shot electrophilic C−H borylation at different positions of the same precursor. The proof‐of‐concept emitterODBNexhibited respectable deep‐blue emission with Commission International de l′Eclairage coordinate of (0.16, 0.03), high photoluminescence quantum yield of 93 % and narrow full width at half maximum of 26 nm in toluene. Impressively, the simple trilayer OLED employingODBNas emitter achieved a high external quantum efficiency up to 24.15 % accompanied by a deep blue emission with the corresponding CIE y coordinate below 0.1.
An Activatable NIR Fluorescent Probe for NAD(P)H and Its Application to the Real‐Time Monitoring of p53 Abnormalities In Vivo
Authors: Ma Kaiqing , Yang He , Wu Xingkang , Huo Fangjun , Cheng Fangqin , Yin Caixia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNAD(P)H is crucial for biosynthetic reactions and antioxidant functions. However, the current probes developed for detecting NAD(P)H in vivo require intratumoral injection, which limited their application for animal imaging. To address this issue, we have developed a liposoluble cationic probe, KC8, which exhibits excellent tumor‐targeting ability and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence after reaction with NAD(P)H. By using KC8, it was demonstrated for the first time that the level of NAD(P)H in the mitochondria of living colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was highly related to the abnormality of the p53. Furthermore, KC8 was successfully used to differentiate not only between tumor and normal tissue but also between tumors with p53 abnormality and normal tumors when administered intravenously. Finally, we evaluated tumor heterogeneity through two fluorescent channels after treating a tumor with 5‐Fu. This study provides a new tool for real‐time monitoring of the p53 abnormality of CRC cells.
Exciton Localization for Highly Luminescent Two‐Dimensional Tin‐Based Hybrid Perovskites through Tin Vacancy Tuning
Authors: Chen Yameng , Wang Zhaoyu , Wei Youchao , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExciton localization is an approach for preparing highly luminescent semiconductors. However, realizing strongly localized excitonic recombination in low‐dimensional materials such as two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites remains challenging. Herein, we first propose a simple and efficient Sn2+ vacancy (VSn) tuning strategy to enhance excitonic localization in 2D (OA)2SnI4 (OA=octylammonium) perovskite nanosheets (PNSs), increasing their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) to ≈64 %, which is among the highest values reported for tin iodide perovskites. Combining experimental with first‐principles calculation results, we confirm that the significantly increased PLQY of (OA)2SnI4 PNSs is primarily due to self‐trapped excitons with highly localized energy states induced by VSn. Moreover, this universal strategy can be applied for improving other 2D Sn‐based perovskites, thereby paving a new way to fabricate diverse 2D lead‐free perovskites with desirable PL properties.
Fluorine‐Stabilized Defective Black Phosphorene as a Lithium‐Like Catalyst for Boosting Nitrogen Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Liu Honghong , Hai Guangtong , Ding Liang‐Xin , Wang Haihui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is recognized as a zero‐carbon emission method for NH3 synthesis. However, to date, this technology still suffers from low yield and low selectivity associated with the catalyst. Herein, inspired by the activation of N2 by lithium metal, a highly reactive defective black phosphorene (D−BPene) is proposed as a lithium‐like catalyst for boosting electrochemical N2 activation. Correspondingly, we also report a strategy for producing environmentally stable D−BPene by simultaneously constructing defects and fluorination protection based on topochemical reactions. Reliable performance evaluations show that the fluorine‐stabilized D−BPene can induce a high NH3 yield rate of ≈70 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a high Faradaic efficiency of ≈26 % at −0.5 V vs. RHE in an aqueous electrolyte. This work not only exemplifies the first stable preparation and practical application of D−BPene, but also brings a new design idea for NRR catalysts.
Separation of polyamide 66 from mixtures with cellulose fibers by selective dissolution in calcium chloride‐ethanol‐water solvent
Authors: Manian Avinash P. , Kraegeloh Felix E. , Braun Doris E. , Mahmud‐Ali Amalid , Bechtold Thomas , Pham Tung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe investigation focused on the separation, through selective dissolution, of polyamide 66 (PA 66) from mixtures with cellulose fibers with calcium chloride‐ethanol‐water (CEW). The dissolved PA 66 was reprecipitated by addition of water. Analysis of the cellulose after separation revealed no change in mechanical strength, suggesting the polymer was undamaged by the treatment. There were residues of the polyamide retained on the cellulose, but a substantial proportion could be removed by carding. About 80–90% of the PA 66 originally present in the mixtures was recovered. Effective removal of calcium residues from the recovered PA 66 is found to be critical, as calcium contents of greater than ca. 0.8 wt% in the polymer is observed to change the melt behavior. These investigations are being conducted in the broad context of fiber‐to‐fiber recycling from textiles, and will be followed up by investigations on the impact and fate of colorants present in the fibers.
Effects of electroacupuncture on glial scar generation in SCI model rats
Authors: Hu Yu , Zhao Haobin , Shi Suhua , Zhao Yali , Gao Xiaoming , Sun Jingwen , Li Zhigang , Yao Haijiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a commonly occurring and severe form of central nervous system (CNS) injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) therapy promotes recovery from SCI. In this study, we observed changes in the glial scars of rats with SCI to gain insight into how EA therapy positively influences locomotor function. The experimental rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the SCI group and the SCI + EA group. Rats in the SCI + EA group received a 28‐day treatment course using the Dazhui (GV14) acupoint and the Mingmen (GV4) acupoint for 20 min/day. The Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to estimate the neural function of rats in all groups. We found that before sacrifice on Day 28, the BBB score was significantly improved in the SCI + EA group, which was higher than that observed in the SCI group. Hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed morphological improvements in spinal cord tissues of the rats in the EA + SCI group with reduced glial scars and cavities. Based on immunofluorescence staining, reactive astrocytes overpopulated both the SCI and SCI + EA groups following SCI. Moreover, improved generation of reactive astrocytes at lesions was observed in the SCI + EA group compared with the SCI group. After treatment, EA inhibited glial scar generation. EA effectively downregulated fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin protein and mRNA expression levels, according to the results from Western blot assays and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). We hypothesized that these findings described might represent the mechanism underlying EA inhibition of glial scar generation, morphological improvements in tissues and promotion of neural recovery from SCI in rats.
From anatomy to immunity in the gastrointestinal system
Authors: Menendez Alfredo , Guttman Julian Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe gastrointestinal system is classically known for its function in digesting food for nutrient uptake, but it plays a much larger role in the general health of organisms. Understanding the relationships between the gastrointestinal tract and inflammation, the nervous system, diseases caused through disregulation of molecular components as well as its association with beneficial and pathogenic microbes have been the focus of intense research over the many decades. In this Special Issue we delve into histological, molecular, and evolutionary aspects of gastrointestinal system components in healthy and diseased tissues, to give a broad perspective on the different organs that make‐up this system.
Optimal control and stabilization for linear mean‐field system with indefinite quadratic cost functional
Authors: Wang Wencan , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider an optimal control and stabilization problem of linear mean‐field (MF) system, where the quadratic cost functional is allowed to be indefinite. Inspired by the equivalent cost functional method, we introduce a subset, which helps us to investigate the convergence property of generalized differential Riccati equations arising in indefinite mean‐field linear quadratic (MF‐LQ) problems with finite horizon. A coupled generalized algebraic Riccati equation (GARE) is thus obtained. More importantly, the solution pair of corresponding GARE can be decomposed into a solution pair of a coupled standard algebraic Riccati equation (SARE) and a matrix pair in the subset we introduce. Thus, an equivalent relationship is established between GARE and SARE. With this equivalence, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions to stabilize linear MF‐system with indefinite weighting matrices in mean‐square sense.
High Active Material Loading in Organic Electrodes Enabled by an in‐situ Electropolymerized π‐Conjugated Tetrakis (4‐Aminophenyl) Porphyrin
Authors: Smok Thomas , Abouzari‐Lotf Ebrahim , Frentzen Sebastian , Diemant Thomas , Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorphyrin complexes have been widely studied as promising electrode material in diverse energy storage systems and chemistries. However, like other organic electrodes, porphyrins often suffer from low conductivity and, consequently, require a significant amount (typically 40 %) of electrochemically inactive conductive carbon that occupies volume and mass without storing energy. In this study, we investigate [5,10,15,20 tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐porphyrin] (TAPP) and its metal complexes as redox‐active cathode materials to address the aforementioned issues. The lithium‐ion cells prepared with a high content of CuTAPP active material (70 wt %) demonstrate a stable discharge capacity of ∼120 mAh/g when cycling with a constant current density of 1000 mA/g. The material also showed superior rate capability, e. g., ∼60 mAh/g at 8 A/g. The results of DFT calculations and experimental analysis indicate that the degree of planarity of the metalloporphyrins directly correlates to their cycling stability. Moreover, the contribution from the central metal redox during the cycling is found to be the reason for the significantly higher performance of the Cu‐complex compared to the metal‐free complex. The findings of this study show a general approach for facing common conductivity challenges of organic electrodes and open up a pathway for practical application of organics electrode materials in energy storage application.
Catalytically self‐sufficient CYP116B5: Domain switch for improved peroxygenase activity
Authors: Correddu Danilo , Catucci Gianluca , Giuriato Daniele , Di Nardo Giovanna , Ciaramella Alberto , Gilardi Gianfranco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelf‐sufficient cytochromes P450 of the sub‐family CYP116B have gained great attention in biotechnology due to their ability to catalyze challenging reactions toward a wide range of organic compounds. However, these P450s are often unstable in solution and their activity is limited to a short reaction time. Previously it has been shown that the isolated heme domain of CYP116B5 can work as a peroxygenase with H2O2 without the addition of NAD(P)H. In this work, protein engineering was used to generate a chimeric enzyme (CYP116B5‐SOX), in which the native reductase domain is replaced by a monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) capable of producing H2O2. The full‐length enzyme (CYP116B5‐fl) is characterized for the first time, allowing a detailed comparison to the heme domain (CYP116B5‐hd) and CYP116B5‐SOX. The catalytic activity of the three forms of the enzyme was studied using p‐nitrophenol as substrate, and adding NADPH (CYP116B5‐fl), H2O2 (CYP116B5‐hd), and sarcosine (CYP116B5‐SOX) as source of electrons. CYP116B5‐SOX performs better than CYP116B5‐fl and CYP116B5‐hd showing 10‐ and 3‐folds higher activity, in terms of p‐nitrocatechol produced per mg of enzyme per minute. CYP116B5‐SOX represents an optimal model to exploit CYP116B5 and the same protein engineering approach could be used for P450s of the same class.