bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiving in Philosophy, Biology & Political Economy
Authors: Gopnik Alison 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Caring for the young and the old, the fragile and the ill, is central to human thriving, and has played a fundamental role in human evolution. Yet care has been largely invisible in political economy and it does not fit the prevailing philosophical, political, and economic frameworks. Care typically emerges in the context of close personal relationships, and it is not well suited to either utilitarian or Kantian accounts of morality, or to “social contract” accounts of cooperation. Markets and states both have difficulty providing and supporting care, and as a result, care is overlooked and undervalued. I sketch alternative ways of thinking about the morality and politics of care and present alternative policies that could help support carers and those they care for.
Making Decent Jobs
Authors: Ahlquist John S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
On both normative and pragmatic grounds, I make a case for “decent jobs” over the current discourse around “good jobs.” I define decent jobs as ones that reflect sustained worker influence over the terms and conditions of work. Making decent jobs necessarily entails groups of workers capable of engaging strategically with firms and governments. Where will these groups come from? Changes in technology, the structure of production, and boundaries of the firm all point to profound difficulties in sustaining collective action centered on workplace relationships and identities. Networks of workers organized around mutual aid show some promise, but connecting these groups to concerted action on the shop floor implies numerous organizational and governance challenges.
Eudaimonic Jobs
Authors: Naidu Suresh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
John Ahlquist's essay proposes a notion of “decent jobs” that is multidimensional, context-dependent, and dynamic. I suggest a simple test for “decent work”: work that the worker thinks is valued by people whom the worker values (a measure of exemplary virtue, hence eudaimonic). High pay in a cash society is but one such signal of value, and much labor is provided without that signal. I advocate making relationship-building, decision-making, and sheer time and care required by democratic self-government part of what we consider “decent work,” a democratic corvée we impose on ourselves.
Reducing the Transactional Value of Identity & Race
Authors: Farrell Henry , Levi Margaret 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Grieve Chelwa, Darrick Hamilton, and Avi Green explain how existing accounts of capitalism systematically neglect racial identity group stratification. Their approach points to an important comparative dimension and two significant research agendas that could supplement their arguments. First would be to inquire into the role that equal respect plays in pushing back against stratification. Second would be to investigate how other aspects of social norms may have consequences too, perhaps drawing insights from a new body of research on racial stratification that draws upon Marxian and neoclassical economics.
How Should We Govern Housing Markets in a Moral Political Economy?
Authors: Thurston Chloe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Building on Debra Satz's argument that we can design our way out of noxious markets, this essay shifts toward questions of process, paying particular attention to the constraints posed when noxious markets generate supportive political constituencies. Using the case of U.S. housing policy, I make two claims. First, even intentional efforts at using market design to harness the capacities Satz identifies can produce cross-cutting effects, strengthening democracies on some dimensions and weakening them on others. Second, noxious markets can generate supportive constituencies that may undermine reform efforts. Ultimately, a moral housing market requires political supports that can help to broaden communities of fate, build political capacities of those who are persistently underrepresented in local deliberations, and encourage participants to reflect on the consequences of market design.
Moral Firms?
Authors: Henderson Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Building a new political economy requires transforming our markets, our institutions, and our policy and regulatory regimes. In this essay, I argue that it also requires transforming the purpose of the firm: from a singular focus on maximizing financial returns to the recognition that firms exist to support human flourishing, with profits merely a means to an end. I suggest that this transformation is already under way and indeed that it may help support fundamental change in the wider society, but that significant shifts in law, policy, and in the social and normative context are almost certainly essential if this new model is to become the norm.
Can Firms Act Morally?
Authors: O'Mara Margaret 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The firm is a critical actor in the formation of a new moral political economy, but firm structure, culture, and profits can be an obstacle to change. The case of the American technology industry demonstrates the limits of relying on firms to change from within. The widespread practice of awarding stock ties white-collar compensation to corporate performance and curtails employee activism. The high-tech venture capital model measures success using rapid return on investment and acquisition of market share. Corporate governance practices and dual-class shares give founder-CEOs outsized control and entrench existing business models, even when they have damaging downstream consequences. The trajectory of these purportedly purpose-driven companies indicates that, as in the past, regulation may be the most effective path to meaningful corporate reform.
The Structuring Work of Algorithms
Authors: boyd danah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Algorithms reflect how power is arranged within our society while also producing power dynamics themselves. Algorithmic systems configure power by engaging in network-making, thereby shaping society and entrenching existing logics into infrastructure. To understand the moral economy of high-tech modernism, we must explore how algorithmic systems contribute to ongoing social, political, and economic structuring. This essay reflects on the importance of algorithmic systems’ positions within our political, economic, and social arrangements.
Taking Responsibility for Tomorrow: Remaking Collective Governance as Political Ancestors
Authors: Tsai Lily L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In learning from older and past collective governance practices, we must design new institutions with an ethos that underscores our roles not only as descendants from past innovators but also as ancestors who have a responsibility to provide such legacies for the future. Governance archaeology can only realize its full moral and generative potential when it is practiced in a way that acknowledges our responsibility to future humans as well as past ones. This essay thus argues for the need to include future humans in the “we” of collective governance for distributive equity as well as procedural justice.
Impact of Global Warming on U.S. Summertime Mesoscale Convective Systems: A Simple Lagrangian Parcel Model Perspective
Authors: Yang Qiu , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe , Chen Xingchao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the dominant rainfall producer over the United States during the warm season, causing natural disasters and severe weather every year. Global climate models have large uncertainty in projecting precipitation changes in the future climate. Here, a simple Lagrangian parcel model is used to investigate the impact of global warming on MCS initiation and growth. The single-column parcel model projects a mean precipitation decrease over the central United States and an increase to its east, in agreement with the CMIP5 model projection. It also highlights the crucial role of current climate mean-state model bias in exaggerating the change in future mean precipitation projection by 25%. As for convective population, the model captures the decreased occurrence frequency of weak to moderate convection and increased frequency of strong convection due to the increased CAPE and CIN, in agreement with convection-permitting regional simulations. Novel parameterizations of gust-front propagation speed and subsidence strength are developed as guided by cloud-resolving simulations. The multicolumn parcel model employing those parameterizations captures readily the cold pool–induced upscale growth feature. It simulates smaller mesoscale clusters over the central United States under global warming due to gust-front slowdown and subsidence strength enhancement, which are further attributed to land aridity–induced weakening of initial accumulated precipitation and strengthening of updraft speed, respectively. That said, mesoscale clusters could become bigger under more favorable conditions in future climate, including boundary layer moistening, convection lifetime lengthening, and cold pool mechanical-lifting enhancement, which require further investigations to improve mechanistic understanding of future MCS changes.
Saildrone Direct Covariance Wind Stress in Various Wind and Current Regimes of the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Cronin Meghan F. , Zhang Dongxiao , Thompson Elizabeth J. , Fairall Christopher W. , Edson James B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High-frequency wind measurements from Saildrone autonomous surface vehicles are used to calculate wind stress in the tropical east Pacific. Comparison between direct covariance (DC) and bulk wind stress estimates demonstrates very good agreement. Building on previous work that showed the bulk input data were reliable, our results lend credibility to the DC estimates. Wind flow distortion by Saildrones is comparable to or smaller than other platforms. Motion correction results in realistic wind spectra, albeit with signatures of swell-coherent wind fluctuations that may be unrealistically strong. Fractional differences between DC and bulk wind stress magnitude are largest at wind speeds below 4 m s−1. The size of this effect, however, depends on choice of stress direction assumptions. Past work has shown the importance of using current-relative (instead of Earth-relative) winds to achieve accurate wind stress magnitude. We show that it is also important for wind stress direction.

Significance Statement
We use data from Saildrone uncrewed oceanographic research vehicles to investigate the horizontal forces applied to the surface of the ocean by the action of the wind. We compare two methods to calculate the forces: one uses several simplifying assumptions, and the other makes fewer assumptions but is error prone if the data are incorrectly processed. The two methods agree well, suggesting that Saildrone vehicles are suitable for both methods and that the data processing methods work. Our results show that it is important to consider ocean currents, as well as winds, in order to achieve accurate magnitude and direction of the surface forces.
Myocardial protection using single dose del Nido Cardioplegia with and without topical cooling
Authors: Malinowski Marcin , Solarewicz Monica , Farley Ryan , Salcido Jose Rios , Bush Jared , MacDoughall Brian , Bromberg-White Jennifer , Timek Tomasz A 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Del Nido cardioplegia (DN) is gaining acceptance in adult cardiac surgery but there is paucity of experimental data regarding its efficacy. We set out to assess the safety and efficacy of single-dose DN with and without topical cooling (TC) versus multi-dose blood cardioplegia (BC). Methods Thirty-two healthy adult sheep had pressure-volume (PV) catheters placed in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle. Animals were assigned to receive cold (4°C) antegrade solution for a 60-min arrest using: (1) multi-dose (every 20 min) BC with TC ( n = 11), (2) single-dose DN with TC (DN-C, n = 10), or (3) single-dose DN without TC (DN-H, n = 11). LV and RV PV-derived indexes, epicardial echocardiographic strains, and blood samples were acquired before CPB and at 1, 2, and 3 h of reperfusion. Dobutamine bolus (2.5 μg) was given after 3 h to test for myocardial reserve. Results Time to rhythm restoration was shortest (54 ± 29 s, 118 ± 167 s, and 172 ± 170 s for DN-H, DN-C, and BC, respectively; p = 0.024) and number of shocks lowest (1.7 ± 1.8, 3.6 ± 2.8, and 5.6 ± 4.6 for DN-H, DN-C, and BC, respectively; p = 0.020) in DN-H group. Hemodynamic, load-independent myocardial function, echocardiographic, and metabolic data revealed only slight differences between groups. Troponin I levels did not differ between groups. With dobutamine, preload-recruitable stroke work of both LV (136 ± 50%, 131 ± 31%, 142 ± 58% for BC, DN-C and DN-H, respectively; p = 0.993) and RV (161 ± 67%, 185 ± 45%, 166 ± 75% for BC, DN-C and DN-H respectively; p = 0.580) increased similarly. Conclusions Single-dose DN cardioplegia with or without topical cooling offered comparable biventricular myocardial protection to multi-dose BC for a 60-min arrest in sheep.
“Beyond waking and walking. Intensive rehabilitation in patients requiring extended durations of advanced mechanical circulatory support: A case series”
Authors: Whitlock Katelyn , Rzewnicki Daniel , Krieger Briana , Miller Casey , Creel-Bulos Christina 
Published: February 2023

Physical therapy (PT) utilization in patients requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been reported; however, little is known about intensive rehabilitation and associated outcomes in patients requiring extended complex MCS and/or ECMO support. Authors sought to explore safety, feasibility and outcomes associated with active rehabilitation in patients requiring prolonged advanced MCS/ECMO support. Single-center retrospective series evaluated functional, clinical, and longitudinal outcomes of sample of eight critically ill, adult (≥18 years of age) patients who underwent a intensive rehabilitation while receiving prolonged MCS/ECMO through advanced configurations including: venovenous (VV-ECMO), venoarterial (VA-ECMO), oxygenator with right ventricular assist device (Oxy-RVAD) and right ventricular assist device (RVAD). 406 sessions were conducted; 246 during provision of advanced MCS/ECMO support. Incidence of major adverse events-accidental decannulation, migration of cannulas, circuit failure, hemorrhage, major flow limitations, and major hemodynamic instability-was 1.2 events per 100 sessions. None of reported major adverse events impeded longitudinal ability to participate in PT. Increased time to PT initiation was associated with a statistically significant increase in intensive care unit (ICU) length-of-stay (β1 1.93, CI 0.55–3.30) and reduced ambulatory distance during last session on MCS/ECMO (β1 -47.64, CI - 93.93, −1.66). All patients survived to hospital discharge and 12 months from sentinel hospitalization. Amongst those patients discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation center ( n = 4), all were discharged home within 3 months. Findings support the safety and feasibility of active rehabilitational PT in patients requiring extended durations of advanced MCS/ECMO support. Moreover, it highlights potentially associated benefits of this degree of intensive rehabilitation for these unique patients. Further investigation is needed to identify associations with longitudinal clinical outcomes, as well as predictors of success in this population.
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for assessment of response to high-dose-rate CT-guided brachytherapy (HDR-BT) of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Karim Homeira , Thormann Maximilian , Omari Jazan , Surov Alexey , Schinner Regina , Seidensticker Ricarda , Ingenerf Maria , Ricke Jens , Schmid-Tannwald Christine 
Published: February 2023

Background High-dose-rate computed tomography (CT)-guided brachytherapy (HDR-BT) has shown promising results in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While growing evidence shows clear limitations of mRECIST, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has relevant potential in improving the response assessment. Purpose To assess whether DWI allows evaluation of short- and long-term tumor response in patients with HCC after HDR-BT. Material and Methods A total of 22 patients with 11 non-responding HCCs (NR-HCC; local tumor recurrence within two years) and 24 responding HCCs (R-HCC; follow-up at least two years) were included in this retrospective bi-center study. HCCs were treated with HDR-BT and patients underwent pre- and post-interventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Analyses of DWI were evaluated and compared between pre-interventional MRI, 1.follow-up after 3 months and 2.follow-up at the time of the local tumor recurrence (in NR-HCC) or after 12 months (in R-HCC). Results ADCmean of R-HCC increased significantly after HDR-BT on the first and second follow-up (ADCmean: 0.87 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s [pre-interventional]: 1.14 ± 0.23 × 10−3 mm2/s [1. post-interventional]; 1.42 ± 0.32 × 10−3 mm2/s [2. post-interventional]; P < 0.001). ADCmean of NR-HCC did not show a significant increase from pre-intervention to 1. post-interventional MRI (ADCmean: 0.85 ± 0.24 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.00 ± 0.30 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively; P = 0.131). ADCmean increase was significant between pre-intervention and 2. follow-up (ADCmean: 1.03 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s; P = 0.018). There was no significant increase of ADCmean between the first and second follow-up. There was, however, a significant increase of ADCmin after 12 months (ADCmin: 0.87 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s) compared to pre-interventional MRI and first follow-up ( P < 0.005) only in R-HCC. Conclusion The tumor response after CT-guided HDR-BT was associated with a significantly higher increase in ADCmean and ADCmin in short- and long-term follow-up.
Adjustment speed of capital structure: A literature survey of empirical research
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Ha , Muniandy Balachandran , Henry Darren 
Published: February 2023

We synthesize empirical studies on the determinants of the heterogeneity in the adjustment speed (speed of adjustment; SOA) of capital structure. These determinants are categorized into six groups, namely, (1) firm-specific characteristics, (2) financial reporting and managerial incentives, (3) corporate governance, (4) informal institutions, (5) financial market attributes and (6) economy-wide attributes. From this analysis, we perceive important potential research questions linked to identifying channels associated with the costs and frictions explaining SOA heterogeneity, including financial reporting quality aspects, firm internal and external monitoring mechanisms and institutional and cultural elements. Interesting avenues for future research also include considering SOA dynamics for comparable cross-country samples and the investigation of the subsequent consequences of capital structure adjustments. JEL Classification: G30, G32, G34, M41
The Effects of Rest on Concussion Symptom Resolution and Recovery Time: A Meta-analytic Review and Subgroup Analysis of 4329 Patients
Authors: Kontos Anthony P. , Eagle Shawn R. , Braithwaite Rock , Preszler Jonathan , Manderino Lisa , Turner Rose L. , Jennings Sabrina , Trbovich Alicia , Hickey Robert W. , Collins Michael W. , McCrea Michael , Nelson Lindsay D. , Root Jeremy , Thomas Danny G. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Numerous individual studies suggest that rest may have a negative effect on outcomes following concussion. Purpose: To perform a systematic meta-analysis of the effects of prescribed rest compared with active interventions after concussion. Study Design: Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A meta-analysis (using the Hedges g) of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies was conducted to evaluate the effects of prescribed rest on symptoms and recovery time after concussion. Subgroup analyses were performed for methodological, study, and sample characteristics. Data sources were obtained from systematic search of key terms using Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest dissertations and theses through May 28, 2021. Eligible studies were those that (1) assessed concussion or mild traumatic brain injury; (2) included symptoms or days to recovery for ≥2 time points; (3) included 2 groups with 1 group assigned to rest; and (4) were written in the English language. Results: In total, 19 studies involving 4239 participants met criteria. Prescribed rest had a significant negative effect on symptoms ( k = 15; g = −0.27; SE = 0.11; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.05; P = .04) but not on recovery time ( k = 8; g = −0.16; SE = 0.21; 95% CI, −0.57 to 0.26; P = .03). Subgroup analyses suggested that studies with shorter duration (<28 days) ( g = −0.46; k = 5), studies involving youth ( g = −0.33; k = 12), and studies focused on sport-related concussion ( g = −0.38; k = 8) reported higher effect sizes. Conclusion: The findings support a small negative effect for prescribed rest on symptoms after concussion. Younger age and sport-related mechanisms of injury were associated with a greater negative effect size. However, the lack of support for an effect for recovery time and the relatively small overall numbers of eligible studies highlight ongoing concerns regarding the quantity and rigor of clinical trials in concussion. Registration: CRD42021253060 (PROSPERO).
Meniscal Ramp Lesions in Adolescent Patients Undergoing Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Significance of Imaging and Arthroscopic Findings
Authors: Hollnagel Katharine F. , Pennock Andrew T. , Bomar James D. , Chambers Henry G. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Meniscal ramp lesions are associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and may affect knee stability when left untreated. The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify this meniscocapsular injury of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus remains poor, and the arthroscopic findings require vigilance. Purpose: To determine the concordance of arthroscopic and MRI findings to better identify the presence of a ramp lesion in children and adolescent patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients aged <19 years who underwent primary ACL reconstruction at a single institution between 2020 and 2021 were included. Two cohorts were developed by the presence of a ramp lesion arthroscopically. Basic patient descriptive data, preoperative imaging (radiologist assessment and independent reviewer assessment), and concomitant arthroscopic findings at the time of ACL reconstruction were recorded. Results: An overall 201 adolescents met criteria with a mean age of 15.7 years (range, 6.9-18.2) at the time of injury. A ramp lesion was identified in 14% of patients (28 children). No differences were detected between cohorts with regard to age, sex, body mass index, weeks from injury to MRI, or weeks from injury to surgery ( P > .15). The primary predictor of an intraoperative ramp lesion was the presence of medial femoral condylar striations, with an adjusted odds ratio of 722.2 (95% CI, 59.5-8768.2; P < .001); the presence of a ramp lesion on MRI had an adjusted odds ratio of 11.1 (95% CI, 2.2-54.8; P = .003). Patients with neither a ramp lesion on MRI nor medial femoral condylar striations had a 2% rate (2/131) of ramp lesion; those with either of the significant risk factors had a 24% rate (14/54). All patients with both risk factors (100%; n = 12) had a ramp lesion noted on intraoperative examination. Conclusion: The concordance of medial femoral condylar chondromalacia, particularly striations, noted during arthroscopy and posteromedial tibial marrow edema on MRI with or without direct evidence of posterior meniscocapsular pathology should increase suspicion for the presence of a ramp lesion in adolescents undergoing ACL reconstruction.