bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal parental leave subsidization with endogenous fertility and growth
Authors: Yew Siew Ling , Li Shuyun May , Moslehi Solmaz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine the growth and welfare effects of parental leave subsidization in a life‐cycle dynastic model with human capital externality. Such externality causes higher fertility, less parental time and expenditure on child human capital, and lower growth and welfare than the efficient levels. Efficient policies require subsidizing work leave, which includes parental leave, and labor income financed by a lump‐sum tax. Calibration based on the U.S. data implies that a fully‐covered leave duration of 7.8 weeks per parent financed by an increase in labor income tax would increase the annual growth rate by 0.06 percentage points and welfare by 0.027%.
Diplodia twig canker (Diplodia gallae) of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) in the northeastern United States
Authors: Brazee Nicholas J. , Munck Isabel A. , McLaughlin Kelsey , Ferreira Savannah , Keleher Nicole 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe 2015–2018 outbreak of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) in southern New England initiated a severe oak decline and mortality event. While defoliation was a primary driver, increased secondary pest and pathogen activity contributed to decline and death. Following this large defoliation event, Diplodia was frequently recovered from northern red oaks (Quercus rubra) with serious outbreaks of twig cankering. Given the many recent reports of Diplodia corticola on oak in eastern North America, it was presumed to be the causal agent. To confirm, a limited survey was conducted from five states in the region (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont). Based on ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequences generated from 28 isolates collected primarily from northern red oak, Diplodia gallae, two potentially novel Diplodia species and Diplodia sapinea were identified. Surprisingly, D. corticola was not found in this study. ITS sequences alone failed to discriminate among isolates of D. gallae and D. corticola, creating uncertainty over previous reports of D. corticola in eastern North America. Only a combined ITS + tef1 dataset successfully distinguished D. gallae and D. corticola along with two other closely related species that also occur on oak (Diplodia quercicola and Diplodia quercivora). Additional cankering and endophytic fungi (Coryneum, Dendrostoma, Gnomoniopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Tubakia) were also found on symptomatic oaks in the region. Identification of Diplodia isolates from non‐Quercus hosts also detected Diplodia neojuniperi on Juniperus chinensis and Microbiota decussata, which has not been reported previously in North America.
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on corticospinal excitability: A systematic review of nonsignificant findings
Authors: Klees‐Themens Gabrielle , Théoret Hugo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation technique that can modulate brain activity through the application of low‐intensity electrical currents. Based on its reported effects on corticospinal excitability (CSE), tDCS has been used to study cognition in healthy individuals and reduce symptoms in a variety of clinical conditions. Despite its increasing popularity as a research and clinical tool, high interindividual variability has been reported in the response to protocols using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess tDCS‐induced changes in CSE leading to several nonsignificant findings. In this systematic review, studies that reported no significant modulation of CSE following tDCS were identified from PubMed and Embase (Ovid) databases. Forty‐three articles were identified where demographic, TMS and tDCS parameters were extracted. Overall, stimulation parameters, CSE measurements and participant characteristics were similar to those described in studies reporting positive results and were likewise heterogeneous between studies. Small sample sizes and inadequate blinding were notable features of the reviewed studies. This systematic review suggests that studies reporting nonsignificant findings do not markedly differ from those reporting significant modulation of CSE.
Bank competition and the design of syndicated loans
Authors: Chen Chongyang , Kieschnick Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the effect of bank competition on the design of syndicate loans. We find that competition in the lead lender's market plays a significant role in determining the terms of the syndicate loans. Specifically, higher concentration leads to higher yield spreads, larger issues, shorter maturities, greater contract intensity, and more collateral requirements, but with a greater likelihood of performance pricing. We also find the prior banking relationships, anti‐takeover provisions and whether the lead bank is a national, regional, or state bank influence the designs of these loans.
Climate change amplifies the risk of potentially toxigenic cyanobacteria
Authors: Erratt Kevin J. , Creed Irena F. , Lobb David A. , Smol John P. , Trick Charles G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms pose a significant threat to water security, with anthropogenic forcing being implicated as a key driver behind the recent upsurge and global expansion of cyanobacteria in modern times. The potential effects of land‐use alterations and climate change can lead to complicated, less‐predictable scenarios in cyanobacterial management, especially when forecasting cyanobacterial toxin risks. There is a growing need for further investigations into the specific stressors that stimulate cyanobacterial toxins, as well as resolving the uncertainty surrounding the historical or contemporary nature of cyanobacterial‐associated risks. To address this gap, we employed a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct cyanobacterial abundance and microcystin‐producing potential in temperate lakes situated along a human impact gradient. We identified breakpoints (i.e., points of abrupt change) in these time series and examined the impact of landscape and climatic properties on their occurrence. Our findings indicate that lakes subject to greater human influence exhibited an earlier onset of cyanobacterial biomass by 40 years compared to less‐impacted lakes, with land‐use change emerging as the dominant predictor. Moreover, microcystin‐producing potential increased in both high‐ and low‐impact lakes around the 1980s, with climate warming being the primary driver. Our findings chronicle the importance of climate change in increasing the risk of toxigenic cyanobacteria in freshwater resources.
Ocean iron fertilization may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit
Authors: Tagliabue Alessandro , Twining Benjamin S. , Barrier Nicolas , Maury Olivier , Berger Manon , Bopp Laurent 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change scenarios suggest that large‐scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) will be required to maintain global warming below 2°C, leading to renewed attention on ocean iron fertilization (OIF). Previous OIF modelling has found that while carbon export increases, nutrient transport to lower latitude ecosystems declines, resulting in a modest impact on atmospheric CO2. However, the interaction of these CDR responses with ongoing climate change is unknown. Here, we combine global ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models to show that, while stimulating carbon sequestration, OIF may amplify climate‐induced declines in tropical ocean productivity and ecosystem biomass under a high‐emission scenario, with very limited potential atmospheric CO2 drawdown. The ‘biogeochemical fingerprint’ of climate change, that leads to depletion of upper ocean major nutrients due to upper ocean stratification, is reinforced by OIF due to greater major nutrient consumption. Our simulations show that reductions in upper trophic level animal biomass in tropical regions due to climate change would be exacerbated by OIF within ~20 years, especially in coastal exclusive economic zones (EEZs), with potential implications for fisheries that underpin the livelihoods and economies of coastal communities. Any fertilization‐based CDR should therefore consider its interaction with ongoing climate‐driven changes and the ensuing ecosystem impacts in national EEZs.
RESTORING CONTINUITY: NOTES ON HISTORY AND FICTION
Authors: VÁSQUEZ JUAN GABRIEL 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn 1935, as Europe witnessed the rise of fascism, Paul Valéry tried to identify the origins of the crisis in a lecture titled “Le bilan de l'intelligence.” Things were better, he claimed, when people were able to understand their present moment as the result of past events—that is, when “continuity reigned in the minds.” In this article, I discuss why that sense of continuity with the past is, in fact, indispensable for individuals and societies alike; using instances from great works of fiction, ranging from Don Quixote to the novels of Toni Morrison and Abdulrazak Gurnah, I suggest that fiction—the literary imagination of the historical past—might be uniquely adept at restoring continuity when it is broken.
Disparities in healthcare access and utilization among people living with HIV in China: A scoping review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ai Wei , Fan Chengxin , Marley Gifty , Tan Rayner K. J. , Wu Dan , Ong Jason J. , Tucker Joseph D. , Fu Gengfeng , Tang Weiming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis review aims to assess the status of healthcare disparities among people living with HIV (PLWH) in China and summarize the factors that drive them.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Wanfang for studies published in English or Chinese. Studies focusing on any disparities in healthcare services among PLWH in China and published between January 2000 and July 2022 were included.ResultsIn all, 51 articles met the inclusion criteria, with 37 studies reporting HIV‐focused care, and 14 reporting non‐HIV‐focused care. PLWH aged ≥45 years (vs. <45 years), female (vs. male), ethnic minority (vs. Han), and cases attributed to sexual transmission (vs. injecting drug use) were more likely to receive ART. Females living with HIV have higher ART adherence than males. Notably, 20% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9–43%, I2 = 96%] of PLWH reported any illness in the previous 2 weeks without medical consultation, and 30% (95% CI: 12–74%, I2 = 90%) refused hospitalization when needed in the previous year. Barriers to HIV‐focused care included inadequate HIV/ART knowledge and treatment side effects at the individual level; and social discrimination and physician–patient relationships at the community/social level. Structural barriers included medical costs and transportation issues. The most frequently reported barriers to non‐HIV‐focused care were financial constraints and the perceived need for medical services at individual‐level factors; and discrimination from physicians, and medical distrust at the community/social level.ConclusionThis review suggests disparities in access and utilization of healthcare among PLWH. Financial issues and social discrimination were prominent reasons. Creating a supportive social environment and expanding insurance policies could be considered to promote healthcare equity.
Can old drugs learn new tricks? Achieving registration and public subsidy listing for off‐patent medicines with novel therapeutic applications
Authors: Brett Jonathan , Bahceci Dilara , Lipworth Wendy , Liknaitzky Paul , Day Ric O. , Rodgers Anthony 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the increasing costs of drug development, repurposing of low‐cost medicines for new indications has never been more important. However, there are multiple barriers to repurposing, particularly for off‐patent medicines, and limited incentives for the pharmaceutical industry to sponsor registration and public subsidy listing. Here, we explore these barriers and their consequences and provide examples of successful repurposing strategies.
A twin study of genetic and environmental contributions to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder over time
Authors: Taylor Mark J. , Martin Joanna , Butwicka Agnieszka , Lichtenstein Paul , D'Onofrio Brian , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Rosenqvist Mina A. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental condition. One possibility is that this reflects a genuine increase in the prevalence of ADHD due to secular environmental changes, yet this hypothesis remains untested. We therefore investigated whether the genetic and environmental variance underlying ADHD, and traits of ADHD, has changed over time.MethodsWe identified twins born from 1982 to 2008 from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR). We linked the STR with the Swedish National Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register to identify diagnoses of ADHD and prescriptions of ADHD medication for these twins. We also utilized data collected from participants in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS), born from 1992 to 2008. Their parents completed a structured ADHD screening tool, which was used to measure traits of ADHD and assign broad screening diagnoses of ADHD. We used the classical twin design to test whether the degree to which variation in these measures was influenced by genetic and environmental variation changed over time.ResultsWe included 22,678 twin pairs from the STR and 15,036 pairs from CATSS. The heritability of ADHD in the STR ranged from 66% to 86% over time, although these fluctuations were not statistically significant. We observed a modest increase in variance in ADHD traits, from 0.98 to 1.09. This was driven by small increases in the underlying genetic and environmental variance, with heritability estimated as 64%–65%. No statistically significant changes in variance in screening diagnoses were observed.ConclusionsThe relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to ADHD has remained stable over time, despite its increasing prevalence. Thus, changes in the underlying etiology of ADHD over time are unlikely to explain the increase in ADHD diagnoses.
Synergistic infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium oreochromis in cage cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Nhinh Doan Thi , Hoa Dang Thi , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Van Van Kim , Dang Lua Thi , Crumlish Mags , Dong Ha Thanh , Hoai Truong Dinh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWidespread distribution of a highly pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri strain in farmed tilapia in northern Vietnam has recently been reported. The subsequent investigation noticed a disease outbreak occurred at five nearby tilapia farms with floating cages, in which the clinical signs of both edwardsiellosis and columnaris diseases were observed on the same infected fish and caused 65% to 85% fish mortality. Naturally diseased fish (n = 109) were sampled from the five infected farms for bacterial identification and conducting challenge tests. The two bacteria Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium oreochromis were identified by a combination of biochemical tests, PCR and 16SrRNA sequencing methods. Experimental challenge tests on Nile tilapia resulted in the median lethal dose (LD50) of E. ictaluri and F. oreochromis at 70 CFU/fish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and 3.6 × 106 CFU/mL by immersion, respectively. The experimentally co‐infected challenged fish exposed to LD50 doses resulted in 83% ± 6% mortality, with the infected fish exhibiting clinical signs of both edwardsiellosis and columnaris diseases, mimicking the naturally diseased fish. This finding suggests that the co‐infection of E. ictaluri and F. oreochromis may interact in a synergistic manner, to enhance the overall severity of the infection and elevates the need for efficient methods to control both pathogens.
A Double‐Edged Sword: Protective and Harmful Effects of International Students' Group Identification1
Authors: Imai Tatsuya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how international students' identification with various social groups to which they belong influences their (mal)adjustment to the host country. One hundred and forty‐three international students were asked to report their identification with people from their home country, international students, and foreign people, as well as their perceived discrimination, homesickness, and loneliness. The results revealed more harmful effects of group identification than protective effects. Identification with people from their home country was positively associated with homesickness, but slightly buffered the harmful effect of discrimination on loneliness. Identification with international students was negatively associated with loneliness, but strengthened the harmful effect of discrimination on homesickness. Identification with foreign people was positively associated with discrimination and loneliness and also strengthened the harmful effect of discrimination on homesickness and loneliness.
Pervasive shock melting at >65 GPa in a Martian basalt, the shergottite Northwest Africa 14672
Authors: Hewins R. H. , Leroux H. , Jacob D. , Pont S. , Beyssac O. , Malarewicz V. , Lorand J.‐P. , Zanetta P.‐M. , Zanda B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShergottites have provided abundant information on the volcanic and impact history of Mars. Northwest Africa (NWA) 14672 contributes to both of these aspects. It is a vesicular ophitic depleted olivine–phyric shergottite, with average plagioclase An61Ab39Or0.2. It is highly ferroan, with pigeonite compositions En49‐25Fs41‐61Wo10‐14 like those of basaltic shergottites, for example, NWA 12335. Olivine (Fo53‐15) has discrete ferroan overgrowths, more ferroan when in contact with plagioclase than when enclosed by pyroxene. The pyroxene (a continuum of augite, subcalcic augite, and pigeonite) is patchy, with ragged “cores” enveloped or invaded by ferroan pyroxene. Magma mixing may be responsible for capture of olivine and formation of pyroxene mantles. The plagioclase is maskelynite‐like in appearance, but the original laths were (congruently) melted and the melt partly crystallized as fine dendrites. Most of the 14% vesicles occur within plagioclase. Olivine, pyroxene, and ilmenite occur in part as fine aggregates crystallized after congruent melting with limited subsequent liquid mixing. There are two fine‐grained melt components, barred plagioclase with interstitial Fe‐bearing phases, and glass with olivine dendrites, derived by melting of mainly plagioclase and mainly pyroxene, respectively. Rare silica particles contain coesite and/or quartz, and silica glass. The rock has experienced >50% melting, compatible with peak pressure >~65 GPa. It is the most highly shocked shergottite so far, at shock stage S6/7. It may belong to the group of depleted shergottites ejected at ~1 Myr from Tooting Crater.
Understanding rebel nurse leadership‐as‐practice: Challenging and changing the status quo in hospitals
Authors: de Kok Eline , Schoonhoven Lisette , Lalleman Pieterbas , Weggelaar Anne M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSome nurses are responding rebelliously to the changing healthcare landscape by challenging the status quo and deviating from suboptimal practices, professional norms, and organizational rules. While some view rebel nurse leadership as challenging traditional structures to improve patient care, others see it as disruptive and harmful. These diverging opinions create dilemmas for nurses and nurse managers in daily practice. To understand the context, dilemmas, and interactions in rebel nurse leadership, we conducted a multiple case study in two Dutch hospitals. We delved into the mundane practices to expand the concept of leadership‐as‐practice. By shadowing rebel nurse practices, we identified three typical leadership practices which present the most common “lived” experiences and dilemmas of nurses and nurse managers. Overall, we noticed that deviating acts were more often quick fixes rather than sustainable changes. Our research points to what is needed to change the status quo in a sustainable manner. To change unworkable practices, nurses need to share their experienced dilemmas with their managers. In addition, nurse managers must build relationships with other nurses, value different perspectives, and support experimenting to promote collective learning.
Psychological experience of home‐quarantined older women with COVID‐19 in Hong Kong: A qualitative study
Authors: Ma Haixia , Ma Yajing , Chiu Jonie Sum Yu , Christensen Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe surge of positive COVID‐19 cases taxed the local health care system and left many older adults initiating home self‐care practices. The study aimed to explore the psychological experiences of home‐quarantined older women diagnosed with COVID‐19 in Hong Kong.MethodsTen semi‐structured telephone interviews were held among older women from March to April 2022. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsOlder women experienced psychological distress, anxiety and depression after being infected with COVID‐19. The source of their psychological difficulties included fear of losing control over one's health and dignity, feeling a burden to one's family, conflict in balancing risks and responsibilities, and being overwhelmed by the tragic news reported in media. Meanwhile, the participants demonstrated resilience following the infection and found meaning in their experiences, and grew mentally.ConclusionsThe older women in this study have identified the negative impact having a diagnosis and being home‐quarantine means to them and their family. Yet, they were also able to take some positives from this. Importantly, the older women report being able to build greater resilience, optimism and wisdom towards COVID‐19 in general and feel better prepared for the potential of future positive diagnoses.
Evolution of a non‐flying mammal‐dependent pollination system in Asian Mucuna (Fabaceae)
Authors: Kobayashi S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPollinator shifts are often related to speciation in angiosperms, and the relationship between them has been discussed in several plant taxa. Although limited information on plants pollinated by non‐flying mammals in Central and South America and Africa is available, related research has not been conducted in Asia. Herein, I summarize the available knowledge of pollination in Asian Mucuna (Fabaceae), a genus mainly distributed in the tropics, and discuss the evolution of plants pollinated by non‐flying mammals in Asia. Nineteen pollinator species have been recorded and pollination systems have been categorized into four types. An examination of the relationship between Mucuna species and their pollinators from the lineage perspective revealed that all species in Mucuna, subgenus Macrocarpa, which are distributed in Asia, are pollinated exclusively by non‐flying mammals. Additionally, plants pollinated by non‐flying mammals were found to have diverged from bat‐pollinated and non‐flying mammal‐pollinated plants, while plants pollinated by non‐flying mammals have evolved multiple times. This is a unique example of evolutionary transition. I hypothesize that the diversification of squirrel species in tropical Asia may have led to the speciation and diversification of Mucuna in Asia. Furthermore, the behavioural and ecological characteristics of bats and birds in Asia differ from the characteristics of those in other regions, implying that Asian Mucuna species do not rely on bat or bird pollinators. The adaptation of floral characteristics to pollinators is not well understood in Asia. Mammal‐pollinated plants in Asia may have evolved differently from those in other regions and have unique pollination systems.