bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backstepping control of three‐degree‐of‐freedom hybrid magnetic bearing based on non‐linear disturbance observer
Authors: Chengzi Liu , Yucheng Zhao , Yan Yang , Zeyuan Liu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA backstepping controller based on a non‐linear disturbance observer (NDOB) was created to enhance the dynamic performance and reliability of three‐degree‐of‐freedom hybrid magnetic bearings. After the structure of three‐degree‐of‐freedom hybrid magnetic bearings is introduced, the mathematical model is established, and the equation of the state is derived by the equivalent magnetic circuit technique. Based on the mathematical model, non‐linear disturbance observer (NDOB) is designed and is used to predict the system disturbance, and the backstepping control algorithm is compensated. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller, the backstepping controller, proportion integration differentiation controller, and backstepping controller based on a NDOB were compared by simulation and experiment. Results show that the backstepping controller based on a NDOB has better dynamic performance and robustness.
Flexible composite suppression method for ground arc in resonant grounding system
Authors: You Jianzhang , Guo Moufa , Zheng Zeyin , Liu Xinbin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA current‐voltage composite controller for an arc suppression inverter is designed. The current and voltage at the fault point are reduced by injecting current and regulating the neutral point voltage to completely eliminate the risk of fire and overvoltage caused by a single‐line‐to‐ground fault arc. A cascaded inverter is used, and the effects of the ground parameter measurement, line impedance voltage drop, harmonic current and arc suppression coil on the current control, voltage control and composite control methods are analysed and compared. Finally, software simulations and industrial prototype experiments show that the proposed composite control method is effective and less affected by ground parameter measurement and line impedance voltage drop and has better adaptability.
A classification algorithm based on improved meta learning and transfer learning for few‐shot medical images
Authors: Zhang Bingjie , Gao Baolu , Liang Siyuan , Li Xiaoyang , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt present, medical image classification algorithm plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. However, due to the scarcity of data labels, small sample size, uneven distribution, and poor domain generalization, many algorithms still have limitations. Therefore, a deep learning training network for disease classification and recognition of multimodal few‐shot medical images are proposed, trying to solve the above problems and limitations. The network is based on the idea of meta‐learning for training. Specifically, the technology of transfer learning and few‐shot learning are used. In the process of building and improving the network structure, the multi‐source domain generalization method, which performs well in the field of person re‐identification, is combined. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the model are verified by using Grad‐CAM tool. The experiments show that the accuracy of classification and recognition of the model is better than the advanced model in this field. The concerned areas of model classification are similar or the same as the manually labelled areas. It is of far‐reaching significance to improve the efficiency of future clinical auxiliary diagnosis and patient diversion, as well as to promote the development of the Wise Information Technology of Med in the future.
An electrostatic micromotor based on electrets
Authors: Chen Gangjin , Zhang Jianfeng , Fan Zhankui , Gao Xiaoli , Ye Yanming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe authors report a novel electret‐based miniature electrostatic motor with an electret film as the stator and a metal electrode as the rotor. A particular commutator is used to transform the polarity of the metal electrode. When the size of the electret‐based electrostatic motor (EEM) is 42 × 44 × 15 mm3, the maximum power consumption is only 5.4 mW. The rotation speed of the EEM increases with the increase of the supply voltage, and the maximum rotation speed can reach up to 2864 rpm. Powered by two nickel‐hydride batteries with a rated capacity of 1700 mAh, the EEM can drive a fan with a diameter of 40 mm to rotate continuously for 18 h. The EEM has the characteristics of low power consumption and convenient fabrication. Experimental results show that the EEM demonstrates high reliability and has potential applications in micro‐electromechanical systems.
Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma Screening for Pregnant Individuals Who Are at High Risk for Preterm Birth
Authors: Kawakita Tetsuya , Waller Jerri , DeYoung Tracey , Nehme Lea , Collazo Madison C. , Barake Carole , Ethirajan Monica A. , Kanaan Camille M. , Abuhamad Alfred 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to examine gestational age at delivery according to Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma cervical culture results and whether pregnant individuals received antibiotics.
Study Design A retrospective cohort study at a single academic institution where all pregnant individuals with risk factors for preterm birth including those with a history of preterm birth, recurrent pregnancy loss, or pregnancy requiring cervical cerclage were included. We plotted Kaplan–Meier curves to investigate the association between the gestational age at delivery and Ureaplasma culture results (negative; positive and treated; or positive but did not receive the treatment). A Cox proportional regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), controlling for confounders. The main outcome was age at delivery. Analyses were repeated for Mycoplasma culture.
Results Of 607 individuals, 258 (42.5%) had a negative Ureaplasma culture, 308 (50.7%) had a positive Ureaplasma culture and received treatment, and 41 (6.8%) had a positive Ureaplasma culture and did not receive treatment. Compared with those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture but did not receive treatment, those who had a negative Ureaplasma culture did not have a decreased risk (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.74–1.44). Compared with those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture but did not receive treatment, those who had a positive Ureaplasma culture and received treatment did not have a decreased risk (HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.66–1.27). The treatment failure rate of Ureaplasma after treatment was 78.6% (95% CI: 72.8–83.7%). Overall, the findings of Mycoplasma were similar.
Conclusion Routine ureaplasma/mycoplasma cervical culture is not recommended for pregnant individuals who are at high risk for preterm birth.
Key Points
Cold housing environments: defining the problem for an appropriate policy response
Authors: Barlow Cynthia Faye , Daniel Lyrian , Bentley Rebecca , Baker Emma 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearchers across disciplines are increasing attention to cold housing environments. Public health, environmental and social sciences, architecture, and engineering each define and measure cold housing environments differently. Lack of standardisation hinders our ability to combine evidence, determine prevalence, understand who is most at risk––and to formulate policy responses. We conducted a systematic, cross-disciplinary review of literature to document the measures used. We examined benefits and limitations of each approach and propose a conceptualisation of cold housing: where temperature is too low to support optimal health and wellbeing of inhabitants, measured using one or a combination of economic, ‘objective’, or subjective approaches. More accurate data on home temperatures for all population groups, combined with an understanding of factors leading to cold homes, will enable appropriate policy response to reduce adverse health effects and costs. Policies targeting better building standards and energy subsidies both improve temperature conditions in housing environments.
Neoliberal reform discourse in Egyptian higher education
Authors: Esmat Israa Medhat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe global neoliberal discourse on Higher Education (HE) reform has become dominant in both the developed and developing worlds. The paper tackles the Egyptian HE reforms that have been produced in line with the global neoliberal discourse through the World Bank’s (WB) funded reform projects. Through Foucauldian discourse and genealogical analysis, the study questioned, troubled, and de-naturalized the inevitability and persistence of the neoliberal discourse in Egyptian HE. Far from being deterministic and rational, the process of transfer of the global neoliberal discourse to Egyptian HE was embedded in the interaction of a number of discursive and structural selectivities as captured by the Strategic Relational Approach. On one hand, privatization, cost-sharing strategies, and quality assurance systems constituted the major policy reforms produced by the neoliberal discourse. On the other hand academic freedoms, university autonomy, and equitable access to HE have been discursively disallowed, de-problematized and excluded. The 25th of January revolution represented a discontinuity that threatened the collapse of the neoliberal discourse while the crushing of the revolution perpetuated and reinforced the neoliberal discourse reflecting a mutual relationship between neoliberal and authoritarian discourses and governmentalities.
Spatio-temporal changes in the causal interactions among Sustainable Development Goals in China
Authors: Cao Min , Chen Min , Zhang Junze , Pradhan Prajal , Guo Huadong , Fu Bojie , Li Yue , Bai Yuying , Chang Lijiao , Chen Yu , Sun Zhongchang , Xu Zhenci , Zhu Rui , Meadows Michael E. , Lü Guonian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtensive efforts have been dedicated to deciphering the interactions associated with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, these developments are hampered by a lack of efficient strategies to avoid beneficial synergies being offset by harmful trade-offs. To fill these gaps, we used causal diagnosis and network analysis methods to construct 1302 directed networks of SDGs for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2020. We observed a dramatic offsetting effect of SDG synergies and trade-offs in China from 2000 to 2020, with approximately 27% of trade-off indicator pairs turning into synergies and about 25% of the synergy indicator pairs turning into trade-offs. However, our findings suggested that prioritising the progress of high-frequency indicators in virtuous cycles could multiply the positive systemic effects of the SDGs. Moreover, controlling the transition from passive to active in the trade-off network of SDGs remains a challenge in advancing the SDGs holistically.
Long-term ecological research in freshwaters enabled by regional biodiversity collections, stable isotope analysis, and environmental informatics
Authors: Turner Thomas F , Bart Jr Henry L , McCormick Frank , Besser Alexi C , Bowes Rachel E , Capps Krista A , DeArmon Emily S , Dillman Casey B , Driscoll Katelyn P , Dugger Aubrey , Hamilton Gregor L , Harris Phillip M , Hendrickson Dean A , Hoffman Joel , Knouft Jason H , Lepak Ryan F , López-Fernández Hernán , Montaña Carmen G , Newsome Seth D , Pease Allison A , Smith W Leo , Taylor Christopher A , Welicky Rachel L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biodiversity collections are experiencing a renaissance fueled by the intersection of informatics, emerging technologies, and the extended use and interpretation of specimens and archived databases. In this article, we explore the potential for transformative research in ecology integrating biodiversity collections, stable isotope analysis (SIA), and environmental informatics. Like genomic DNA, SIA provides a common currency interpreted in the context of biogeochemical principles. Integration of SIA data across collections allows for evaluation of long-term ecological change at local to continental scales. Challenges including the analysis of sparse samples, a lack of information about baseline isotopic composition, and the effects of preservation remain, but none of these challenges is insurmountable. The proposed research framework interfaces with existing databases and observatories to provide benchmarks for retrospective studies and ecological forecasting. Collections and SIA add historical context to fundamental questions in freshwater ecological research, reference points for ecosystem monitoring, and a means of quantitative assessment for ecosystem restoration.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is oxygen-deprived during infection in cystic fibrosis lungs, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics
Authors: Martin Lois W , Gray Andrew R , Brockway Ben , Lamont Iain L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infects the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Sputum expectorated from the lungs of patients contains low levels of oxygen, indicating that P. aeruginosa may be oxygen-deprived during infection. During in vitro growth under oxygen-limiting conditions, a P. aeruginosa reference strain increases expression of a cytochrome oxidase with a high affinity for oxygen, and of nitrate and nitrite reductases that enable it to use nitrate instead of oxygen during respiration. Here, we quantified transcription of the genes encoding these three enzymes in sputum samples from 18 infected patients, and in bacteria isolated from the sputum samples and grown in aerobic and anaerobic culture. In culture, expression of all three genes was increased by averages of 20- to 500-fold in anaerobically grown bacteria compared with those grown aerobically, although expression levels varied greatly between isolates. Expression of the same genes in sputum was similar to that of the corresponding bacteria in anaerobic culture. The isolated bacteria were less susceptible to tobramycin and ciprofloxacin, two widely used anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, when grown anaerobically than when grown aerobically. Our findings show that P. aeruginosa experiences oxygen starvation during infection in cystic fibrosis, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment.
Experimental Acquisition, Maintenance, and Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius
Authors: Herrera Andrea L , Chaussee Michael S , Pietri Jose E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Here, we fed bed bugs through a membrane contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at a concentration naturally present on human skin. We then determined the amount of viable MRSA present on their surface and internally over a period of 7 days. We also determined whether bed bugs that fed through the contaminated membrane could transmit MRSA to an uncontaminated membrane when taking a second blood meal 7 days later. Bed bugs acquired MRSA both externally on the cuticle surface as well as internally when feeding. MRSA was found to persist for 7 days both externally and internally in some bed bugs. Furthermore, MRSA replicated internally but not externally. Most importantly, bed bugs were able to transmit MRSA to an uncontaminated membrane feeder in 2 of 3 trials. These findings provide the first experimental support for the hypothesis that bed bugs may contribute to the transmission of MRSA in some settings.
The surgical destabilization of the abductor muscle leads to development of instability-associated hip osteoarthritis in mice
Authors: Geary Michael B , Orner Caitlin A , Shammas Helen , Reuter John M , Loiselle Alayna E , Giordano Brian D , Wu Chia-Lung 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a common and debilitating painful joint disease. However, there is paucity of surgically induced hip OA models in small animals that allow scientists to study the onset and progression of the disease. A growing body of evidence indicates a positive association between periarticular myotendinous pathology and the development of hip OA. Thus, in the current study, we aimed to establish a novel mouse instability–associated hip OA model via selective injury of the abductor complex around the hip joint. C57BL6/J mice were randomized to sham surgery or abductor injury, in which the myotendinous insertion at the third trochanter and greater trochanter were surgically detached. Mice were allowed free active movement until they were sacrificed at either 3 weeks or 20 weeks post-injury. Histologic analyses and immunohistochemical staining of the femoral head articular cartilage were performed, along with microCT (µCT) analysis to assess subchondral bone remodeling. We observed that mice receiving abductor injury exhibited significantly increased instability-associated OA severity with loss of proteoglycan and type II collagen staining compared to sham control mice at 20 weeks post-surgery, while comparable matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression was observed between injury and sham groups. No significant differences in subchondral bone remodeling were found after 3 or 20 weeks following injury. Our study further supports the link between abductor dysfunction and the development of instability-associated hip OA. Importantly, this novel surgically induced hip OA mouse model may provide a valuable tool for future investigations into the pathogenesis and treatment of hip OA.
Caregiver Psychological Burden in Pediatric Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Associations with Caregiver Sociodemographic and Biopsychosocial Variables
Authors: Eichholz Angelika , Dudeney Joanne , Jaaniste Tiina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate, via systematic review and meta-analysis, caregiver sociodemographic and biopsychosocial factors associated with anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and stress of caregivers in the pediatric chronic pain context.

Methods
EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO databases were searched from their inception to the search date (April 4, 2022). Studies were included if they examined caregivers of youth with chronic pain, were published in a peer-reviewed journal and assessed at least one quantitative association between relevant variables. Qualitative and intervention studies were excluded. A total of 3,052 articles were screened. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using robust variance estimation for associations reported in at least three studies, as well as a narrative synthesis of the evidence.

Results
Fourteen studies assessing 1,908 caregivers were included in this review. Meta-analytic results showed a positive pooled correlation coefficient between caregiver catastrophizing about their child’s pain and caregiver anxiety (r = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35–0.65; p&lt;.01) and depression (r = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.29–0.58; p &lt; .01). Self-blame and helplessness were related to increased caregiver anxiety (r = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40–0.67; p&lt;.01), but not depression. No significant relationship was found for pain-promoting behavior and anxiety or depression. The qualitative synthesis of all other eligible studies showed associations between relevant psychological burden variables and various caregiver factors, which were mainly psychosocial.

Conclusion
Results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies. Further research is needed to get a better understanding of these relationships and to examine the causal direction of effects.
Are pelvic pain and increased pelvic floor muscle tone associated in women with persistent noncancer pelvic pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kadah Shaza , Soh Sze-Ee , Morin Melanie , Schneider Michal , Ang W Catarina , McPhate Lucy , Frawley Helena 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The association between pelvic pain and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) tone in women with persistent noncancer pelvic pain (PNCPP) is unclear.

Aim
To synthesize the evidence of the association between pelvic pain and PFM tone in women with PNCPP.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted via MEDLINE, Emcare, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. Studies were eligible if pelvic pain and PFM tone outcome measures were reported among women aged &gt;18 years. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies was used to assess study quality. Studies were pooled by assessment of PFM tone via a random effects model. Associations between the presence of pelvic pain and PFM tone were assessed with odds ratio (OR), while linear associations were assessed with Pearson or Spearman correlation.

Outcomes
Pelvic pain measures (intensity, threshold, and frequency) and resting PFM tone in women with PNCPP, as evaluated by any clinical assessment method or tool.

Results
Twenty-four studies were included in this review. The presence of pelvic pain was significantly associated with increased PFM tone as assessed by digital palpation (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.66-4.89). Pelvic pain intensity was inversely but weakly associated with PFM flexibility when evaluated through dynamometry (r = −0.29; 95% CI, –0.42 to −0.17). However, no significant associations were found between pelvic pain and PFM tone when measured with other objective assessment methods.

Clinical Implications
Pelvic pain and increased PFM tone may not be directly associated; alternatively, a nonlinear association may exist. A range of biopsychosocial factors may mediate or moderate the association, and clinicians may need to consider these factors when assessing women with PNCPP.

Strengths and Limitations
This review was reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. All possible findings from relevant theses and conference abstracts were considered in our search. However, nonlinear associations between pelvic pain and increased PFM tone were not assessed as part of this review.

Conclusion
Pelvic pain may be linearly associated with increased PFM tone and decreased PFM flexibility when measured with digital palpation or dynamometry; however, this association was not observed when other aspects of PFM tone were assessed through objective methods. Future studies are required using robust assessment methods to measure PFM tone and analyses that account for other biopsychosocial factors that may influence the association.