bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analyses reveal dead‐end hybridization between two deeply divergent kiwifruit species rather than homoploid hybrid speciation
Authors: Yu Xiaofen , Qin Mengyun , Qu Minghao , Jiang Quan , Guo Sumin , Chen Zhenghai , Shen Yufang , Fu Guodong , Fei Zhangjun , Huang Hongwen , Gao Lei , Yao Xiaohong 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYDespite the importance of hybridization in evolution, the evolutionary consequence of homoploid hybridizations in plants remains poorly understood. Specially, homoploid hybridization events have been rarely documented due to a lack of genomic resources and methodological limitations. Actinidia zhejiangensis was suspected to have arisen from hybridization of Actinidia eriantha and Actinidia hemsleyana or Actinidia rufa. However, this species was very rare in nature and exhibited sympatric distribution with its potential parent species, which implied it might be a spontaneous hybrid of ongoing homoploid hybridization. Here, we illustrate the dead‐end homoploid hybridization and genomic basis of isolating barriers between A. eriantha and A. hemsleyana through whole genome sequencing and population genomic analyses. Chromosome‐scale genome assemblies of A. zhejiangensis and A. hemsleyana were generated. The chromosomes of A. zhejiangensis are confidently assigned to the two haplomes, and one of them originates from A. eriantha and the other originates from A. hemsleyana. Whole genome resequencing data reveal that A. zhejiangensis are mainly F1 hybrids of A. hemsleyana and A. eriantha and gene flow initiated about 0.98 million years ago, implying both strong genetic barriers and ongoing hybridization between these two deeply divergent kiwifruit species. Five inversions containing genes involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth might account for the fertility breakdown of hybrids between A. hemsleyana and A. eriantha. Despite its distinct morphological traits and long recurrent hybrid origination, A. zhejiangensis does not initiate speciation. Collectively, our study provides new insights into homoploid hybridization in plants and provides genomic resources for evolutionary and functional genomic studies of kiwifruit.
Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion‐transmitted viruses
Authors: Candotti Daniel , Drews Steven J. , Faddy Helen M. ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Viruses
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMonitoring genomic sequences of blood‐borne viruses infecting blood donors enables blood operators to undertake molecular epidemiology, confirm transfusion transmission and assess and characterize molecular and serological screening assays. The purpose of the study was to determine how blood operators globally value viral diversity surveillance and to assess its impact.Materials and MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was developed and circulated to members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion‐transmitted infectious diseases working party. Responses were compiled and complete data sets were analysed.ResultsNinety‐seven percent of respondents agreed that monitoring viral genomic sequences was important to blood operators and the transfusion community. However, only 47% of respondents are currently doing this monitoring. The main limitations reported were a lack of financial resources and expertise. Sequencing techniques, primarily next‐generation sequencing and also Sanger sequencing, were considered most appropriate, with the preferred option for testing being regional or national reference centres. Respondents agreed that engagement with public health authorities needs to be enhanced.ConclusionMonitoring genomic sequences of blood‐borne viruses is widely considered important by the transfusion community because of its direct applications for transfusion safety, and beyond for public health in general. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen collaboration between blood operators and public health authorities. While national and regional reference centres may be the most appropriate structure for such testing, international collaborations should not be overlooked. Overcoming financial barriers will be an important hurdle for many.
Split link detection for sl(P)$\mathfrak {sl}(P)$ link homology in characteristic P$P$
Authors: Wang Joshua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe provide a sufficient condition for splitness of a link in terms of its reduced link homology with arbitrary field coefficients. The proof of sufficiency uses Dowlin's spectral sequence and sutured Floer homology with twisted coefficients. If is prime and the coefficient field is of characteristic , then the sufficient condition for splitness is also necessary. When , we recover Lipshitz–Sarkar's split link detection result for Khovanov homology with coefficients.
Driving Female Student Attendance at Sizable State University
Authors: Sattler Liz , Trattner Claire , Achen Rebecca 
Published: June 2023

The Athletic Department at Sizeable State University has struggled both on and off the field in recent years. With a majority of their teams finishing in the bottom half of the conference 3 years in a row, student attendance at home athletic events is at an all-time low. Despite these challenges, the women’s basketball team has found success in recent years even finishing first in the conference last season and making a trip to the NCAA tournament. With an incoming student class made up of majority females, and a growing mound of research on female sports fandom, the athletic director has challenged the marketing team to specifically target female college students with their marketing initiatives in the upcoming season. Driven by a largely female leadership team at Sizable State University, Grace Perkins, the associate athletic director for marketing, has been tasked with developing these new marketing strategies which will drive female student attendance at home athletic events, with particular focus on home women’s basketball games.
Differences in Habitual and Maximal Gait Velocity Across Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Examination
Authors: Paulson Sally , Gills Joshua L. , Campitelli Anthony , Jones Megan D. , Sanders Joohee I. , Glenn Jordan M. , Madero Erica N. , Vincenzo Jennifer L. , Walter Christopher S. , Gray Michelle 
Published: June 2023

Prior work, primarily focusing on habitual gait velocity, has demonstrated a cost while walking when coupled with a cognitive task. The cost of dual-task walking is exacerbated with age and complexity of the cognitive or motor task. However, few studies have examined the dual-task cost associated with maximal gait velocity. Thus, this cross-sectional study examined age-related changes in dual-task (serial subtraction) walking at two velocities. Participants were classified by age: young-old (45–64 years), middle-old (65–79 years), and oldest-old (≥80 years). They completed single- and dual-task walking trials for each velocity: habitual (N = 217) and maximal (N = 194). While no significant Group × Condition interactions existed for habitual or maximal gait velocities, the main effects for both condition and age groups were significant (p < .01). Maximal dual-task cost (p = .01) was significantly greater in the oldest-old group. With age, both dual-task velocities decreased. Maximal dual-task cost was greatest for the oldest-old group.
Predictors of Usual and Peak Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Dementia
Authors: Salisbury Dereck L. , Maxfield Molly , Joseph Rodney P. , Coon David , Wang Jinjiao , Li Junxin , Yu Fang 
Published: June 2023

Gait speed significantly affects functional status and health outcomes in older adults. This cross-sectional study evaluated cognitive and physical fitness contributors to usual and peak gait speed in persons with Alzheimer’s dementia. Multiple hierarchal linear regression was used to obtain squared semipartial correlation coefficients (sr2) and effect sizes (Cohen’s ƒ2). Participants (n = 90; 56% male) averaged 77.1 ± 6.6 years of age and 21.8 ± 3.4 on Mini-Mental State Examination. Demographic/clinical, physical fitness, and cognition variables explained 45% and 39% of variance in usual and peak gait speed, respectively. Muscle strength was the only significant contributor to both usual (sr2 = .175; Cohen’s ƒ2 = 0.31; p < .001) and peak gait speed (sr2 = .11; Cohen’s ƒ2 = 0.18; p < .001). Women who were “slow” walkers (usual gait speed <1.0 m/s) had significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functioning compared with “fast” walkers. In conclusion, improving muscle strength may modify gait and downstream health outcomes in Alzheimer’s dementia.
Joy, Jobs, and Sweat: Older Adults’ Physical Activity During COVID-19 Lockdowns in New Zealand
Authors: Chamussy Lisa , Morgan Tessa , Morgan Kathryn , Williams Lisa , Wiles Janine , Gott Merryn 
Published: June 2023

This qualitative narrative correspondence study investigates older adults’ experiences of physical activity (PA) during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in Aotearoa, New Zealand. This paper presents a reflexive thematic analysis of 501 letters received from 568 participants that discussed PA. Participants described PA as bringing joy and rhythm to daily life under stay-at-home measures. The most frequently discussed forms of PA included exercising, gardening, and housework. Four interconnected conceptual themes identified were as follows: (a) renegotiating environmental relationships, (b) social connection, (c) pleasure and PA, and (d) navigating active aging discourses. This paper emphasizes the important environmental and social motivations for becoming and remaining physically active despite restrictions on movement. Older adults’ understandings and performance of PA were heavily shaped by active aging discourses. As such, we suggest that initiatives seeking to promote PA should foreground older adults’ feelings of connection, productivity, and pleasure and recognize their diversity. This is contrary to current recommendations focused on duration or intensity of older adults’ PA.
Regionalization of the antiviral response in the gastrointestinal tract to provide spatially controlled host/pathogen interactions
Authors: Stanifer Megan L. , Karst Stephanie M. , Boulant Steeve 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
As the largest mucosal surface, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a key role in protecting the host against pathogen infections. It is a first line of defense against enteric viruses and must act to control infection while remaining tolerant to the high commensal bacteria load found within the GI tract. The GI tract can be divided into six main sections (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and rectum), and enteric pathogens have evolved to infect distinct parts of the GI tract. The intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) lining the GI tract are immune competent and can counteract these infections through their intrinsic immune response. Type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in protecting IECs against viruses with the type III IFN being the most important. Recent work has shown that IECs derived from the different sections of the GI tract display a unique expression of pattern recognition receptors used to fight pathogen infections. Additionally, it was also shown that these cells show a section-specific response to enteric viruses. This mini-review will discuss the molecular strategies used by IECs to detect and combat enteric viruses highlighting the differences existing along the entero-caudal axis of the GI tract. We will provide a perspective on how these spatially controlled mechanisms may influence virus tropism and discuss how the intestinal micro-environment may further shape the response of IECs to virus infections.
The C
2
H
2
transcription factor SltA is required for germination and hyphal development in
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Baltussen Tim J.H. , van Rhijn Norman , Coolen Jordy P.M. , Dijksterhuis Jan , Verweij Paul E. , Bromley Michael J. , Melchers Willem J.G. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Germination of inhaled
Aspergillus fumigatus
conidia is a necessary sequitur for infection. Germination of conidia starts with the breaking of dormancy, which is initiated by an increase of the cellular perimeter in a process termed isotropic growth. This swelling phase is followed by polarized growth, resulting in the formation of a germ tube. The multinucleate tubular cells exhibit tip growth from the hyphae, after which lateral branches emerge to form the mycelial network. The regulatory mechanisms governing conidial germination are not well defined. In this study, we identified a novel role for the transcription factor SltA in the orchestration of germination and hyphal development. Conidia lacking
sltA
fail to appropriately regulate isotropic growth and begin to swell earlier and subsequently switch to polarized growth faster. Additionally, hyphal development is distorted in a ∆
sltA
isolate as hyphae are hyper-branching and wider, and show branching at the apical tip. ∆
sltA
conidia are more tolerant to cell wall stressors on minimal medium compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. A transcriptome analysis of different stages of early growth was carried out to assess the regulatory role of SltA. Null mutants generated for three of the most dysregulated genes showed rapid germ tube emergence. Distinct from the phenotype observed for ∆
sltA
, conidia from these strains lacked defects in isotropic growth, but switched to polarized growth faster. Here, we characterize and describe several genes in the regulon of SltA, highlighting the complex nature of germination.

IMPORTANCE

Aspergillus fumigatus
is the main human fungal pathogen causing aspergillosis. For this fungus, azoles are the most commonly used antifungal drugs for treatment of aspergillosis. However, the prevalence of azole resistance is alarmingly increasing and linked with elevated mortality. Germination of conidia is crucial within its asexual life cycle and plays a critical role during the infection in the human host. Precluding germination could be a promising strategy considering the role of germination in
Aspergillus
spp. pathogenicity. Here, we identify a novel role for SltA in appropriate maintenance of dormancy, germination, and hyphal development. Three genes in the regulon of SltA were also essential for appropriate germination of conidia. With an expanding knowledge of germination and its different morphotypes, more advances can be made toward potential anti-germination targets for therapy.
Maternal haemodynamics in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy under antihypertensive therapy (HyperDiP): study protocol for a prospective observational case–control study
Authors: Palmrich Pilar , Haase Nadine , Sugulle Meryam , Kalafat Erkan , Khalil Asma , Binder Julia 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with a high incidence of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. HDP, in particular pre-eclampsia, have been determined as risk factors for future cardiovascular disease. Recently, the common hypothesis of pre-eclampsia being a placental disorder was challenged as numerous studies show evidence for short-term and long-term cardiovascular changes in pregnancies affected by HDP, suggesting a cardiovascular origin of the disease. Despite new insights into the pathophysiology of HDP, concepts of therapy remain unchanged and evidence for improved maternal and neonatal outcome by using antihypertensive agents is lacking.Methods and analysisA prospective observational case–control study, including 100 women with HDP and 100 healthy controls, which will assess maternal haemodynamics using the USCOM 1A Monitor and Arteriograph along with cardiovascular markers (soluble fms-like kinase 1/placental-like growth factor, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide) in women with HDP under antihypertensive therapy, including a follow-up at 3 months and 1 year post partum, will be conducted over a 50-month period in Vienna. A prospective, longitudinal study of cardiovascular surrogate markers conducted in Oslo will serve as a comparative cohort for the Vienna cohort of haemodynamic parameters in pregnancy including a longer follow-up period of up to 3 years post partum. Each site will provide a dataset of a patient group and a control group and will be assessed for the outcome categories USCOM 1A measurements, Arteriograph measurements and Angiogenic marker measurements. To estimate the effect of antihypertensive therapy on outcome parameters, ORs with 95% CIs will be computed. Longitudinal changes of outcome parameters will be compared between normotensive and hypertensive pregnancies using mixed-effects models.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted to all participating centres. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at national and international conferences.
Competency in nursing practice: a concept analysis
Authors: Mrayyan Majd T , Abunab Hamzeh Y , Abu Khait Abdallah , Rababa Mohammad J , Al-Rawashdeh Sami , Algunmeeyn Abdullah , Abu Saraya Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveCompetency denotes the ability to execute a certain task or action with the necessary knowledge. Competency definitions and measurements are challenging for nursing and other professions due to their multidimensional aspects. This study aimed to clarify the concept of competency in nursing practice and propose an accurate definition.DesignWalker and Avant’s approach was used to elucidate the concept of competency in nursing practice.Data sourcesScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies with the keywords: “concept analysis”, “competence”, “competency” and “nursing”. The search was limited to full-text studies written in English that used theoretical and empirical approaches.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted the concept’s uses, defining attributes, and the consequences and antecedents of the concept.Results60 articles were identified from the search process; after excluding duplicates and works unrelated to the study aim and context following the full-text screening, 10 articles were included in this concept analysis. The common defining attributes of competency were knowledge, self-assessment and dynamic state. Competency in nursing practice had many reported positive consequences that include but are not limited to improved patient, nurse and organisational outcomes.ConclusionsNurses can benefit from the result of this analysis in practice to implement professional care, in particular clinical contexts and situations to enhance patients’ health.
Role of health facility governing committees in strengthening social accountability to improve the health system in Tanzania: protocol for a participatory action research study
Authors: San Sebastian Miguel , Maluka Stephen , Kamuzora Peter , Kapologwe Ntuli A , Kigume Ramadhani , Masawe Cresencia , Hurtig Anna-Karin 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionSocial accountability is important for improving the delivery of health services and empowering citizens. The government of Tanzania has transferred authority to plan, budget and manage financial resources to the lower health facilities since 2017. Health facility governing committees (HFGCs) therefore play a pivotal role in ensuring social accountability. While HFGCs serve as bridges between health facilities and their communities, efforts need to be made to reinforce their capacity. This project therefore aims to understand whether, how and under what conditions informed and competent HFGCs improve social accountability.Methods and analysisThis study adopts a participatory approach to realist evaluation, engaging members of the HFGCs, health managers and providers and community leaders to: (1) map the challenges and opportunities of the current reform, (2) develop an initial programme theory that proposes a plan to strengthen the role of the HFGCs, (3) test the programme theory by developing a plan of action, (4) refine the programme theory through multiple cycles of participatory learning and (5) propose a set of recommendations to guide processes to strengthen social accountability in the Tanzanian health system. This project is part of an ongoing strong collaboration between the University of Dar es Saalam (Tanzania), and Umeå University (Sweden), providing opportunities for action learning and close interactions between researchers, decision-makers and practitioners.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the National Ethical Review Committee in Tanzania— National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/3928). Permissions to conduct the study in the health facilities were given by the President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government and relevant regional and district authorities. The results will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Investigating Clinical Excellence and Impact Awards (INCEA): a qualitative study into how current assessors and other key stakeholders define and score excellence
Authors: Treadgold Bethan M , Campbell John L , Abel Gary A , Sussex Jon , Froud Robert , Hocking Lucy , Pitchforth Emma 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThe National Clinical Excellence Awards (NCEAs) in England and Wales were designed, as a form of performance-related pay, to reward high-performing senior doctors and dentists. To inform future scoring of applications and subsequent schemes, we sought to understand how current assessors and other stakeholders would define excellence, differentiate between levels of excellence and ensure unbiased definitions and scoring.DesignSemistructured qualitative interview study.Participants25 key informants were identified from Advisory Committee on Clinical Excellence Awards subcommittees, and relevant professional organisations in England and Wales. Informants were purposively sampled to achieve variety in gender and ethnicity.FindingsParticipants reported that NCEAs had a role in incentivising doctors to strive for excellence. They were consistent in identifying ‘clinical excellence’ as involving making an exceptional difference to patients and the National Health Service, and in going over and above the expectations associated with the doctor’s job plan. Informants who were assessors reported: encountering challenges with the current scoring scheme when seeking to ensure a fair assessment; recognising tendencies to score more or less leniently; and the potential for conscious or unconscious bias in assessments. Particular groups of doctors, including women, doctors in some specialties and settings, doctors from minority ethnic groups, and doctors who work less than full time, were described as being less likely to self-nominate, lacking support in making applications or lacking motivation to apply on account of a perceived likelihood of not being successful. Practical suggestions were made for improving support and training for applicants and assessors.ConclusionsParticipants in this qualitative study identified specific concerns in respect of the current approaches adopted in applying for and in assessing NCEAs, pointing to the importance of equity of opportunity to apply, the need for regular training for assessors, and to improved support for applicants and potential applicants.