bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterotic gains, transgressive segregation and fitness cost of sweetpotato weevil resistance expression in a partial diallel cross of sweetpotato
Authors: Mugisa Immaculate , Karungi Jeninah , Musana Paul , Odama Roy , Anyanga Milton O. , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul , Ssali Reuben T. , Campos Hugo , Oloka Bonny M. , Yencho G. Craig , Yada Benard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeterosis-exploiting breeding schemes are currently under consideration as a means of accelerating genetic gains in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) breeding. This study was aimed at establishing heterotic gains, fitness costs and transgressive segregation associated with sweetpotato weevil (SPW) resistance in a partial diallel cross of sweetpotato. A total of 1896 clones were tested at two sites, for two seasons each in Uganda. Data on weevil severity (WED), weevil incidence (WI), storage root yield (SRY) and dry matter content (DM) were obtained. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) for each clone across environments were used to estimate heterotic gains and for regression analyses to establish relationships between key traits. In general, low mid-parent heterotic gains were detected with the highest favorable levels recorded for SRY (14.7%) and WED (− 7.9%). About 25% of the crosses exhibited desirable and significant mid-parent heterosis for weevil resistance. Over 16% of the clones displayed superior transgressive segregation, with the highest percentages recorded for SRY (21%) and WED (18%). A yield penalty of 10% was observed to be associated with SPW resistance whereas no decline in DM was detected in relation to the same. Chances of improving sweetpotato through exploiting heterosis in controlled crosses using parents of mostly similar background are somewhat minimal, as revealed by the low heterotic gains. The yield penalty detected due to SPW resistance suggests that a trade-off may be necessary between maximizing yields and developing weevil-resistant cultivars if the current needs for this crop are to be met in weevil-prone areas.
A geometric framework for multiclass ensemble classifiers
Authors: Wu Shengli , Li Jinlong , Ding Weimin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnsemble classifiers have been investigated by many in the artificial intelligence and machine learning community. Majority voting and weighted majority voting are two commonly used combination schemes in ensemble learning. However, understanding of them is incomplete at best, with some properties even misunderstood. In this paper, we present a group of properties of these two schemes formally under a geometric framework. Two key factors, every component base classifier’s performance and dissimilarity between each pair of component classifiers are evaluated by the same metric—the Euclidean distance. Consequently, ensembling becomes a deterministic problem and the performance of an ensemble can be calculated directly by a formula. We prove several theorems of interest and explain their implications for ensembles. In particular, we compare and contrast the effect of the number of component classifiers on these two types of ensemble schemes. Some important properties of both combination schemes are discussed. And a method to calculate the optimal weights for the weighted majority voting is presented. Empirical investigation is conducted to verify the theoretical results. We believe that the results from this paper are very useful for us to understand the fundamental properties of these two combination schemes and the principles of ensemble classifiers in general. The results are also helpful for us to investigate some issues in ensemble classifiers, such as ensemble performance prediction, diversity, ensemble pruning, and others.
Delayed leaf greening involves a major shift in the expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomes to plastid ribosomes in the highly phosphorus-use-efficient Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae)
Authors: Bird Toby , Nestor Benjamin J. , Bayer Philipp E. , Wang Guannan , Ilyasova Albina , Gille Clément E. , Soraru Bryce E. H. , Ranathunge Kosala , Severn-Ellis Anita A. , Jost Ricarda , Scheible Wolf-Rüdiger , Dassanayake Maheshi , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is a highly phosphorus-use-efficient plant native to southwest Australia. It maintains a high photosynthetic rate at low leaf phosphorus (P) and exhibits delayed leaf greening, a convergent adaptation that increases nutrient-use efficiency. This study aimed to provide broad physiological and gene expression profiles across leaf development, uncovering pathways leading from young leaves as nutrient sinks to mature leaves as low-nutrient, energy-transducing sources.

Methods
To explore gene expression underlying delayed greening, we analysed a de novo transcriptome for H. prostrata across five stages of leaf development. Photosynthesis and respiration rates, and foliar pigment, P and nitrogen (N) concentrations were determined, including the division of P into five biochemical fractions.

Key results
Transcripts encoding functions associated with leaf structure generally decreased in abundance across leaf development, concomitant with decreases in foliar concentrations of 85% for anthocyanins, 90% for P and 70% for N. The expression of genes associated with photosynthetic function increased during or after leaf expansion, in parallel with increases in photosynthetic pigments and activity, much later in leaf development than in species that do not have delayed greening. As leaves developed, transcript abundance for cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins generally declined, whilst transcripts for chloroplast ribosomal proteins increased.

Conclusions
There was a much longer temporal separation of leaf cell growth from chloroplast development in H. prostrata than is found in species that lack delayed greening. Transcriptome-guided analysis of leaf development in H. prostrata provided insight into delayed greening as a nutrient-saving strategy in severely phosphorus-impoverished landscapes.
Flow count data-driven static traffic assignment models through network modularity partitioning
Authors: Roocroft Alexander , Punzo Giuliano , Ramli Muhamad Azfar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Accurate static traffic assignment models are important tools for the assessment of strategic transportation policies. In this article we present a novel approach to partition road networks through network modularity to produce data-driven static traffic assignment models from loop detector data on large road systems. The use of partitioning allows the estimation of the key model input of Origin–Destination demand matrices from flow counts alone. Previous network tomography-based demand estimation techniques have been limited by the network size. The amount of partitioning changes the Origin–Destination estimation optimisation problems to different levels of computational difficulty. Different approaches to utilising the partitioning were tested, one which degenerated the road network to the scale of the partitions and others which left the network intact. Applied to a subnetwork of England’s Strategic Road Network and other test networks, our results for the degenerate case showed flow and travel time errors are reasonable with a small amount of degeneration. The results for the non-degenerate cases showed that similar errors in model prediction with lower computation requirements can be obtained when using large partitions compared with the non-partitioned case. This work could be used to improve the effectiveness of national road systems planning and infrastructure models.
Cost free hyper-parameter selection/averaging for Bayesian inverse problems with vanilla and Rao-Blackwellized SMC samplers
Authors: Viani Alessandro , Johansen Adam M. , Sorrentino Alberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn Bayesian inverse problems, one aims at characterizing the posterior distribution of a set of unknowns, given indirect measurements. For non-linear/non-Gaussian problems, analytic solutions are seldom available: Sequential Monte Carlo samplers offer a powerful tool for approximating complex posteriors, by constructing an auxiliary sequence of densities that smoothly reaches the posterior. Often the posterior depends on a scalar hyper-parameter, for which limited prior information is available. In this work, we show that properly designed Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) samplers naturally provide an approximation of the marginal likelihood associated with this hyper-parameter for free, i.e. at a negligible additional computational cost. The proposed method proceeds by constructing the auxiliary sequence of distributions in such a way that each of them can be interpreted as a posterior distribution corresponding to a different value of the hyper-parameter. This can be exploited to perform selection of the hyper-parameter in Empirical Bayes (EB) approaches, as well as averaging across values of the hyper-parameter according to some hyper-prior distribution in Fully Bayesian (FB) approaches. For FB approaches, the proposed method has the further benefit of allowing prior sensitivity analysis at a negligible computational cost. In addition, the proposed method exploits particles at all the (relevant) iterations, thus alleviating one of the known limitations of SMC samplers, i.e. the fact that all samples at intermediate iterations are typically discarded. We show numerical results for two distinct cases where the hyper-parameter affects only the likelihood: a toy example, where an SMC sampler is used to approximate the full posterior distribution; and a brain imaging example, where a Rao-Blackwellized SMC sampler is used to approximate the posterior distribution of a subset of parameters in a conditionally linear Gaussian model.
Der mysteriöse SND-Weg beim Membranproteintransport
Authors: McDowell Melanie A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlmost all eukaryotic membrane proteins start their life in the cytosol and must journey to the cellular membrane where they function, most often via the ER. The cell employs multiple pathways to target and insert different classes of membrane proteins into the ER membrane, including the recently discovered SND pathway. Whilst the key players of the SND pathway are characterised, fundamental questions remain as to how these proteins cooperate to deliver a broad range of substrates to the ER.
Mikroskalige Massenbilanzierung in mikrofluidischen Umgebungen
Authors: Smaluch Katharina , Dusny Christian , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Grünberger Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImplementing key biochemical engineering principles based on the kinetics and stoichiometry of growth unlocks the full potential of microfluidic single-cell analysis. We introduce a unique integrative approach, using non-invasive advanced microfluidic cultivation and analysis technologies to integrate physiologic single-cell data. Our groundwork enables microscale material balancing beyond population-based average values and advances modern bioprocess modeling [1].
Cyanobakterien als nachhaltige Katalysatoren
Authors: Grimm Hanna C. , Kourist Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCyanobacteria can regenerate reaction equivalents like NADPH and ferredoxin by oxygenic photosynthesis; a unique process using light as energy source and water as electron donor. NADPH and ferredoxin are required by several oxidoreductases which is a constraint in the use of these enzymes for industrial applications. Light-driven biotransformations overcome this by coupling the photosynthetic cofactor recycling to reactions catalyzed by recombinant oxidoreductases.
LIFTOSCOPE: automatisierte Highspeed-Zelluntersuchung und -transfer
Authors: Nienhaus Florian , Aurich Ann-Sophie , Niessing Bastian , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnalysis and isolation of cell cultures play a decisive role in biological processes. Currently, these steps are often performed manually, which is time-consuming. Additionally, for each step a separate device is required. The aim of LIFTOSCOPE is to automate these processes in just one device. It combines three functional principles: high-speed microscopy, image analysis and laser-induced forward transfer. A prototype was successfully developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept.
A Thermal Conductivity Model for Grey Iron
Authors: Belov Ilja , Fourlakidis Vasileios , Domeij Björn , Matsushita Taishi , Diószegi Attila 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThermal conductivity is an important property for many iron cast components, and the lack of widely accepted thermal conductivity model for cast iron, especially grey cast iron, motivates the efforts in this research area. The present study contributes to understanding the effects alloy microstructure has on thermal conductivity. A thermal conductivity model for a pearlitic cast iron has been proposed, based on the as-cast alloy composition and microstructural parameters obtained at different solidification rates. According to the model, available parallel heat transfer paths formed by connected graphite flakes across eutectic cells are determined by the space between dendrite arms. The uncertainties both for model inputs and for validation measurements have been estimated. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted to result in better understanding of the model behaviour. The agreement between modelled and measured thermal conductivities has been achieved within 5% on the average for the investigated samples.
On the Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution of a Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equation with Integral Boundary Condition
Authors: Shivanian Elyas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on investigating the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a specific type of high-order nonlinear fractional differential equations that include the Rieman-Liouville fractional derivative. The boundary condition is of integral type, which involves both the starting and ending points of the domain. Initially, the unique exact solution is derived using Green’s function for the linear fractional differential equation. Subsequently, the Banach contraction mapping theorem is employed to establish the main result for the general nonlinear source term case. Moreover, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the legitimacy and applicability of our main result.
High-speed atomic force microscopy in ultra-precision surface machining and measurement: challenges, solutions and opportunities
Authors: Yang Chen , Dang Chao-Qun , Zhu Wu-Le , Ju Bing-Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe atomic force microscope (AFM) possesses a unique capability for three-dimensional, high-resolution imaging down to the atomic level. It operates without the needs of additional requirements on sample material and environment, making it highly valuable for surface measurements. Recent advancements have further transformed AFM into a precision machining tool, thanks to its exceptional force measurement capability and positioning precision. High-speed AFM (HS-AFM) is a specialized branch of AFM that inherits the advantages of high spatial resolution of typical AFM but with significantly improved time resolution down to the sub-second level. In this article, instead of delving into extensive research progress enabled by HS-AFM in the broad fields of biology, biophysics, and materials science, we narrow our focus to the specific applications in the domain of ultra-precision surface machining and measurement. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a comprehensive and systematic summary of the contributions that HS-AFM brings to this field is still lacking. This gap could potentially result in an underappreciation of its revolutionary capabilities. In light of this, we start from an overview of the primary operating modes of AFM, followed by a detailed analysis of the challenges that impose limitations on operational speed. Building upon these insights, we summarize solutions that enable high-speed operation in AFM. Furthermore, we explore a range of applications where HS-AFM has demonstrated its transformative capabilities. These include tip-based lithography (TBL), high-throughput metrology, and in-line inspection of nanofabrication processes. Lastly, this article discusses future research directions in HS-AFM, with a dedicated focus on propelling it beyond the boundaries of the laboratory and facilitating its widespread adoption in real-world applications.
Experimental investigation of the stimulated Raman scattering effect in high-power nanosecond superfluorescent fiber source
Authors: Ning Chaoyu , Zou Shuzhen , Yu Haijuan , Zuo Jiexi , Chen Xuechun , Xu Shuang , Han Shifei , Li Xinyao , Wu Wenjuan , He Chaojian , Lin Xuechun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, we experimentally investigate the dependence of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect on the seed linewidth of a high-power nanosecond superfluorescent fiber source (ns-SFS). The results reveal that the SRS in the ns-SFS amplifier is significantly influenced by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ns-SFS seed, and there is an optimal FWHM linewidth of 2 nm to achieve the lowest SRS in our case. The first-order SRS power ratio increases rapidly when the seed’s linewidth deviates from the optimal FWHM linewidth. By power scaling the ns-SFS seed with the optimal FWHM linewidth, a narrowband all-fiberized ns-SFS amplifier is achieved with a maximum average power of 602 W, pulse energy of 24.1 mJ and corresponding peak power of 422.5 kW. This is the highest average power and pulse energy achieved for all-fiberized ns-SFS amplifiers to the best of our knowledge.
Demonstration of a diode-pumped dual-wavelength metastable krypton laser
Authors: Liu Qingshan , Wang Rui , Yang Zining , Sun Jianyong , Yang Weiqiang , Wang Hongyan , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Diode-pumped rare gas lasers are potential candidates for high-energy and high-beam quality laser systems. Currently, most investigations are focused on metastable Ar lasers. The Kr system has the unique advantages of higher quantum efficiency and lower discharge requirements for comparison. In this paper, a diode-pumped metastable Kr laser was demonstrated for the first time. Using a repetitively pulsed discharge at a Kr/He pressure of up to approximately 1500 Torr, metastable Kr atoms of more than 1013 cm–3 were generated. Under diode pumping, the laser realized a dual-wavelength output with an average output power of approximately 100 mW and an optical conversion efficiency of approximately 10% with respect to the absorbed pump power. A kinetics study involving population distribution and evolution was conducted to analyze the laser performance.
Mitigation of stimulated Raman scattering in a high-power fiber master oscillator power amplifier laser based on a dual-structure fiber grating
Authors: Jiao Kerong , Kong Qingqing , Guo Yangning , Li Jingwei , Wu Chen , Han Zhigang , Zhu Rihong , Shen Hua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the increasing power of fiber lasers, single chirped and tilted fiber Bragg gratings (CTFBGs) cannot completely mitigate continuously enhanced system-excited stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Although improving the loss rate of a single CTFBG or cascading multiple CTFBGs can provide better suppression of the stronger SRS, excessive insertion loss may cause significant attenuation of the output power. Confronting the challenge, we firstly present an SRS mitigation method based on a dual-structure fiber grating in this paper. The dual-structure fiber grating comprises a CTFBG and a fiber Bragg grating structure, which were designed and fabricated on a passive 25/400 double-clad fiber. To evaluate the performance of the grating, a 3 kW fiber master oscillator power amplifier laser is established. The experimental results demonstrate that the SRS mitigation rate of the grating is greater than 30 dB (99.9%), whereas the insertion loss is only approximately 3%, thus allowing for minimal deterioration of the output power. This solves the contradiction between high suppression rate and high insertion loss faced by CTFBGs, which in turn makes dual-structure fiber gratings particularly suitable for mitigating SRS in 3–5 kW high-power fiber lasers.
WEAK WELL ORDERS AND FRAÏSSÉ’S CONJECTURE
Authors: FREUND ANTON , MANCA DAVIDE 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The notion of countable well order admits an alternative definition in terms of embeddings between initial segments. We use the framework of reverse mathematics to investigate the logical strength of this definition and its connection with Fraïssé’s conjecture, which has been proved by Laver. We also fill a small gap in Shore’s proof that Fraïssé’s conjecture implies arithmetic transfinite recursion over

$\mathbf {RCA}_0$

, by giving a new proof of

$\Sigma ^0_2$

-induction.
Clinical factors associated with relapse in depression in a sample of UK primary care patients who have been on long-term antidepressant treatment
Authors: Duffy Larisa , Lewis Gemma , Marston Louise , Kendrick Tony , Kessler David , Moore Michael , Wiles Nicola , Lewis Glyn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis paper investigates whether age of onset of depression, duration of the last episode, number of episodes, and residual symptoms of depression and anxiety are associated with depression relapse in primary care patients who have been on long–term maintenance antidepressant treatment and no longer meet ICD10 criteria for depression.MethodsAn observational cohort using data from ANTLER (N = 478), a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The primary outcome was time to relapse using the retrospective CIS-R. Participants were followed for 12 months.ResultsPrimary outcome was available for 468 participants. Time to relapse in those with more than five previous episodes of depression was shorter, hazard ratio (HR) 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.75) compared to people with two episodes; HR 1.57 (95% CI 1.01–2.43) after adjustment. The residual symptoms of depression at baseline were also associated with increased relapse: HR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) and HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.12) in the adjusted model. There was evidence of reduced rate of relapse in older age of onset group: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.95); HR attenuated after adjustment HR 0.91 (95% CI 0.81–1.02). There was no evidence of an association between duration of the current episode and residual anxiety symptoms with relapse.ConclusionsThe number of previous episodes and residual symptoms of depression were associated with increased likelihood of relapse. These factors could inform joint decision making when patients are considering tapering off maintenance antidepressant treatment or considering other treatments to prevent relapse.
Policy Experimentation as Communication with the Public: Social Policy, Shared Responsibility and Regime Support in China
Authors: Zhu Xufeng , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearch on policy experimentation has mainly focused on central–local relations; scholars have paid little attention to the interaction between policy experimentation and the public. We argue that policy experimentation can be used by decision makers as an instrument to communicate with the public, facilitating the building of a social consensus regarding controversial policies. We evaluate the effects of the Chinese government's policy experimentation efforts to promote shared responsibility between the state and individuals for the urban pension system on the public's regime support. Evidence from two rounds of a nationwide survey conducted before and after the policy experiment indicates that the policy experimentation has significantly contributed to citizens’ acceptance of their individual welfare responsibility. Moreover, the image-building of governmental responsibility via official news, with varied intensity across regions, consolidates the political trust of residents while posing a challenge to local government credibility in the long run.