bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using latent profile analysis to uncover the combined role of anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety in students’ state anxiety
Authors: Journault Audrey-Ann , Plante Isabelle , Charbonneau Sandrine , Sauvageau Claudia , Longpré Charlotte , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Labonté Carolanne , Roger Kassandra , Cernik Rebecca , Chaffee Kathryn Everhart , Dumont Laurence , Labelle Réal , Lupien Sonia J. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundStudies report a growing tendency for students to experience state anxiety in schools. However, the combination of individual susceptibilities likely to trigger students’ anxious states remains unclear.AimsThis study examined whether distinct profiles of students emerge regarding their susceptibility to anxiety sensitivity and/or test anxiety and evaluated whether students’ profile predicted anxious states. We also verified whether susceptibility profiles varied across gender, school level, and school type.Sample and methodsIn total, 1,404 Canadian students in Grades 5 and 10 (589 boys; Mage = 15.2, SD = 2.1) from 13 public and private schools completed self-reported measures of state/trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, and test anxiety.ResultsLatent profile analyses identified four susceptibility profiles: (1) Double-susceptibility: highest anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety scores; (2) Unique-susceptibility to test anxiety: high test anxiety score and low anxiety sensitivity score; (3) Unique-susceptibility to anxiety sensitivity: high anxiety sensitivity score and low test anxiety score; and (4) No-susceptibility: lowest anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety scores. The profiles comprised 12, 9, 6, and 73% of the sample, respectively, and their membership varied across gender and school type, but not across school levels. A linear mixed-effect model showed that state anxiety varied significantly between profiles, where the Double-susceptibility profile predicted the highest state anxiety scores, followed by the two Unique-susceptibility profiles (indifferently), and the No-susceptibility profile.ConclusionBeyond their theoretical contribution to the state–trait anxiety literature, these findings suggest that selective interventions designed more specifically for students with the Double-susceptibility profile may be worthwhile. Results also highlight the high proportion of students with the No-susceptibility profile and shed light on the reassuring portrait regarding students’ anxiety.
Relationship between thyroid hormone and sex hormone levels and non-suicidal self-injury in male adolescents with depression
Authors: Ma Jiahui , Zhao Mingming , Niu Gengyun , Wang Zhifei , Jiang Shan , Liu Zengxun 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the intentional and repeated direct injury to one’s bodily tissues or organs without the intent to die, which is not socially sanctioned and does not result in death. This study will be the first to explore the relationship between NSSI behavior and thyroid hormone and sex hormone levels in male adolescents with depression.MethodsAmong the inpatients in the children’s ward of Shandong Mental Health Center, eighty male patients with first-episode depressive disorder were randomly selected. Forty male adolescent depressed patients with NSSI behaviors were set as the NSSI group, and forty male adolescent depressed patients without NSSI behaviors were set as the No-NSSI group. Their thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid stimulating hormone) and sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were measured, and the severity of self-injury in the NSSI group was assessed using the Adolescent Self-Injury Questionnaire. The NSSI group was tested again after 6 weeks of sertraline treatment for biological indicators and assessed by the Self-Injury Questionnaire to compare the hormonal differences between the NSSI group and the No-NSSI group and compare the differences of each index before and after treatment in the NSSI group.ResultsT3/T4 (p = 0.001) and FT3 (p = 0.023), TSH levels (p &lt; 0.001) were lower in the NSSI group than in the No-NSSI group before treatment, and FT4 (p = 0.036) and T (p &lt; 0.001) levels were higher than in the No-NSSI group. T3/T4 levels were higher in the NSSI group after treatment (p &lt; 0.001). FT4 (p &lt; 0.001) and T (p = 0.001) levels and self-injury questionnaire scores (p &lt; 0.001) decreased after treatment in the NSSI group. In the NSSI group at baseline, FT4 levels were negatively correlated with self-injury questionnaire scores (r = −0.459, p = 0.003) and testosterone levels were positively correlated with self-injury questionnaire scores (r = 0.383, p = 0.015), and in the NSSI group after treatment, FT4 difference was negatively correlated with self-injury questionnaire score reduction rate (r = −0.037, p = 0.019), and testosterone difference was positively correlated with self-injury questionnaire score reduction rate (r = 0.424, p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis showed that low TSH and high testosterone levels were independent risk factors for the development of non-suicidal self-harming behaviors in male adolescent depressed patients.ConclusionChanges in thyroid hormone and sex hormone levels may be associated with non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in male adolescent depressed patients.
A “patient as educator” intervention: Reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among medical students
Authors: Atienza-Carbonell Beatriz , Hernández-Évole Helena , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionThis pre-post quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the degree of stigma toward mental illness and whether a single, direct-contact “patient as educator” intervention with people with mental illness can reduce the degree of stigma among medical students.MethodsAll second-year medical students from the University of Valencia were invited to voluntarily complete the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI), Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), and Mental Health Knowledge Scale (MAKS) questionnaires before and after participating in the formal medical psychology course. A “patient as educator” workshop with expert patients was organized in the middle of the semester. A total of 127 students completed the survey; 20 students participated in the workshop (workshop group), and the remaining 107 students only took the formal educational course, forming the control group.ResultsAt baseline, the groups were demographically matched and did not differ in the components of stigma or knowledge of mental illness. After the intervention, a greater reduction in the CAMI subscales of authoritarianism and social restriction was observed in the workshop group than in the control group. In the workshop group, scores for the benevolence subscale of the CAMI decreased more among women than men. In the control group, scores for the authoritarianism and benevolence subscales of the CAMI increased and decreased significantly more, respectively, in women than men. No significant changes were observed in scores for the RIBS at post-intervention in either group.DiscussionThe results of this pilot study suggest that a brief, direct-contact intervention in addition to formal medical education may further help reduce stigmatizing attitudes during the first years of medical school.
Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD): Toward improving the adherence of the patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis in Nashik, Maharashtra
Authors: Saha Somen , Saxena Deepak , Raval Devang , Halkarni Nishad , Doshi Rahul , Joshi Madhav , Sridharan Mridhula , Sathwara Jignasa , Yasobant Sandul , Shah Harsh , Quazi Zahiruddin Syed , Rajsekar Kavitha , Chowdhury Jayeeta 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAdherence to tuberculosis (TB) medication is one of the critical challenges to tuberculosis elimination in India. Digital adherence technologies (DAT) have the potential to facilitate medication adherence and monitor it remotely. Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD) is one such DAT piloted in Nasik, Maharashtra, from April 2020 to December 2021. The study aims to assess the adherence and cost-effectiveness of TMEAD compared to the standard of care among patients with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) residing in the urban areas of Nasik, Maharashtra, India.MethodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted among new cases of TB as per the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) residing in the urban geography of Nasik. The intervention and control arms were purposively selected from non-contaminating TB units (TUs). A total of 400 DSTB patients (200 in the intervention group and 200 in the control group) were enrolled. After enrolment, patients in the intervention arm were provided with the TMEAD device and followed for 24 weeks to assess treatment outcomes. Adherence was measured as those patients who have completed 80% of prescribed doses, as reported during patient follow-up, and further validated by analyzing the trace of rifampicin in urine among 20% of patients from both arms. A budget impact analysis was done to assess the impact of the TMEAD program on the overall state health budget.ResultsOut of 400 enrolled DSTB patients, 261 patients completed treatment, 108 patients were on treatment, 15 patients died, and 16 patients were defaulters over the study period. The study reported overall treatment adherence of 94% among those who completed treatment. Patient reports indicated high levels of treatment adherence in the intervention group (99%) as compared to the control group (90%). Adherence assessed through analyzing trace of rifampicin in the urine sample for the intervention arm was 84% compared to the control arm (80%). Per beneficiary (discounted) cost for TMEAD was Indian rupees (INR) 6,573 (USD 83). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the intervention is INR 11,599 (USD 146), which shows that the intervention is highly cost-effective.ConclusionThis study revealed that patient-reported treatment adherence was high in TMEAD when compared to standard therapy of care for DSTB patients and the intervention is cost-effective. TMEAD could complement the national strategy to end TB by improving adherence to the treatment regimen in India.
Understanding the relationships between health spending, treatable mortality and economic productivity in OECD countries
Authors: Ivankova Viera , Gavurova Beata , Khouri Samer 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPopulation health is one of the highest priorities for countries, which can translate into increased economic prosperity. This encourages research on health in an economic context.MethodsThe objective was to assess the relationships between health spending, treatable respiratory mortality, and gross domestic product (GDP) in countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The research was conducted with respect to health systems (tax-based, insurance-based) and gender differentiation of the productive population (aged 25–64 years). Descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and cluster analysis were used to achieve the main objective. The data covered the period from 1994 to 2016.ResultsThe results of the regression analysis revealed negative relationships between health spending and treatable respiratory mortality in countries with a tax-based health system for male and female working-age populations, as well as in countries with an insurance-based health system for male population. This means that higher health spending was associated with lower treatable respiratory mortality. Also, lower treatable mortality was associated with higher GDP, especially in the male productive population from countries with an insurance-based health system. In this study, countries with a tax-based health system were characterized by higher health spending, lower rates of treatable mortality from respiratory system diseases, and higher GDP compared to countries with an insurance-based health system. Males reported a higher mortality rate than females. Among the countries with a tax-based health system, the United Kingdom and Latvia showed less positive outcomes, while Italy and Iceland were the countries with the most positive outcomes. Among the countries with an insurance-based health system, Hungary and Slovakia reported poor outcomes, while France, Switzerland and Luxembourg were characterized by very positive outcomes. The United States showed a high mortality rate despite its high economic outcomes, i.e., health spending and GDP.DiscussionHealth care financing in particular is one of the instruments of health policy. It seems that the leaders of countries should ensure a sufficient level of health financing, as higher health spending can contribute to lower mortality rates in a country. This may translate into higher productivity. Especially countries with underfunded health systems should increase their health spending.
Participation in community seniors' organizations and mental health among retired adults in urban China: The mediating role of interpersonal needs
Authors: Lei Yuruo , Lao Jie , Liu Jiawei 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between participation in community seniors' organizations (CSOs) and mental health among retired adults in urban China, and illustrate the causal mechanism.MethodsWe collected data on participation from a community seniors' organization and mental health survey in Shenzhen City, China, in July 2022. The survey used a two-stage cluster sample design, based on administrative divisions as the primary sampling unit and communities as the second sampling unit, where retired adults were randomly sampled. The inclusion criteria were individuals &gt;60 years old (the mandatory age for retirement in China) or women who retired early at the age of 45 years. We used three multivariable regression models to estimate the effects of participation in CSOs on mental health. Furthermore, we used structural equation models to examine the mediator of acquired interpersonal needs in the association between CSOs participation and mental health.ResultsThe study examined the values of CSOs, generated explicitly for older adults and explained how participation in such organizations benefits retired adults' mental health. Mental health is defined in three dimensions: aggregate mental health, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The results show that constituting social networks with like-minded individuals and perceiving interpersonal needs are the two main benefits of CSOs on mental health. The retired individual who participated in CSOs with a higher level of diversity and frequency, joined specific types such as health- and study-related CSOs, could receive more interpersonal needs and were probably mentally healthier. The mediating mechanism of interpersonal needs associated with participation in mental health was significant. Besides, mental health is generally affected by physical health, sleep quality, and socioeconomic status.ConclusionThis study suggested that CSOs have expanded the social interaction channels of retired adults and affected their mental health by providing basic interpersonal needs such as inclusion, dominance, and affection. Among the types of CSOs, health and study organizations might enhance mental health most effectively, while semi-official organizations have no effect.
Association between smartphone overdependency and mental health in Korean adolescents during the COVID pandemic; Age-and gender-matched study
Authors: Kim Na-Hye , Lee Jae-Moo , Yang Seo-Hyung , Lee Jung-Min 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the relationship between smartphone dependency (SD) and mental health (MH) in adolescents in order to develop and implement plans pertaining to SD control.MethodsRaw data from the 16th Online Adolescent Health Behavior Survey in 2020 were analyzed. A total of 482 respondents were selected as study subjects based on their experience of smartphone overdependence (SO), specifically, 241 participants whose score for SO was 37 or higher (Group 2) and age- and gender-matched 241 participants whose score was lower than 10 (Group 1).ResultsFrequency analysis, cross-tab analysis (χ2 test), and multinomial logistic regression were performed Analysis shows that the MH affecting the increase in SO is the subjective perception of happiness, subjective perception of stress, sadness and despair, and experience of Loneliness. But, the variable affecting the reduction is the subjective evaluation of sleep quality. The likelihood of SO increased as adolescents felt unhappier [Exp (β) = 2.408] and more stressed [Exp (β) = 4.453] and more often felt lonely [Exp (β) = 8.149], but the likelihood decreased as they had neither sufficient nor insufficient sleep duration [Exp (β) = 0.344]. The findings suggest that it is necessary to develop aggressive measures for the prevention and management of MH in adolescents showing SO because mental health is closely linked to SD. In developing the measures, realistic approaches to widely pervasive SO among adolescents should be explored by taking into account MH factors, that is, predictors of SO, and the characteristics of youths, such that they can self-control smartphone use and form desirable life habits.
Older adults as designers of behavior change strategies to increase physical activity—Report of a participatory design process
Authors: Janols Rebecka , Sandlund Marlene , Lindgren Helena , Pettersson Beatrice 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundDespite the significant value of physical activity for the health of older adults, this population often fails to achieve recommended activity levels. Digital interventions show promise in providing support for self-managed physical activity. However, more information is needed about older adults' preferences for digital support to change physical activity behaviors as well as the process of designing them. The aim of this paper was to describe the participatory design process in which older adults were involved in the co-creation of digitally supported behavioral change strategies to support self-managed physical activity, and how the results were integrated in a prototype.MethodsThe participatory design process involved with nine older adults and two researchers. The participants were divided in two groups, and each group participated in three workshops and completed home tasks in between workshops. Following an iterative design process influenced by theories of behavior change, the workshops and home tasks were continuously analyzed, and the content and process were developed between groups and the next set of workshops. Prototypes of a mobile health (mHealth) solution for fall preventive exercise for older adults were developed in which the conceptualized strategies were integrated. To support coherence in reporting and evaluation, the developed techniques were mapped to the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 and the basic human psychosocial needs according to the Self-determination Theory.ResultsThe results highlight different preferences of older adults for feedback on physical activity performance, as well as the importance of transparency regarding the identification of the sender of feedback. Preferences for content and wording of feedback varied greatly. Subsequently, the design process resulted in a virtual health coach with three different motivational profiles and tools for goal setting and self-monitoring. These behavior change strategies were integrated in the exercise application Safe Step v1. The conformity of the design concepts with the needs of Self-determination Theory and Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 are presented.ConclusionThe participatory design process exemplifies how older adults successfully contributed to the design of theory-based digital behavior change support, from idea to finished solution. Tailoring feedback with a transparent sender is important to support and not undermine motivation.
Gut microbial dysbiosis correlates with stroke severity markers in aged rats
Authors: Hammond Tyler C. , Messmer Sarah , Frank Jacqueline A. , Lukins Doug , Colwell Rita , Lin Ai-Ling , Pennypacker Keith R. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAn imbalanced gut microbial community, or dysbiosis, has been shown to occur following stroke. It is possible that this dysbiosis negatively impacts stroke recovery and rehabilitation. Species level resolution measurements of the gut microbiome following stroke are needed to develop and test precision interventions such as probiotic or fecal microbiota transplant therapies that target the gut microbiome. Previous studies have used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in young male mice to obtain broad profiling of the gut microbiome at the genus level following stroke, but further investigations will be needed with whole genome shotgun sequencing in aged rats of both sexes to obtain species level resolution in a model which will better translate to the demographics of human stroke patients.MethodsThirty-nine aged male and female rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fecal samples were collected before stroke and 3 days post stroke to measure gut microbiome. Machine learning was used to identify the top ranked bacteria which were changed following stroke. MRI imaging was used to obtain infarct and edema size and cerebral blood flow (CBF). ELISA was used to obtain inflammatory markers.ResultsDysbiosis was demonstrated by an increase in pathogenic bacteria such as Butyricimonas virosa (15.52 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001), Bacteroides vulgatus (7.36 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001), and Escherichia coli (47.67 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001). These bacteria were positively associated with infarct and edema size and with the inflammatory markers Ccl19, Ccl24, IL17a, IL3, and complement C5; they were negatively correlated with CBF. Conversely, beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus flavefaciens (0.14 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001), Akkermansia muciniphila (0.78 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001), and Lactobacillus murinus (0.40 fold change, p &lt; 0.0001) were decreased following stroke and associated with all the previous parameters in the opposite direction of the pathogenic species. There were not significant microbiome differences between the sexes.ConclusionThe species level resolution measurements found here can be used as a foundation to develop and test precision interventions targeting the gut microbiome following stroke. Probiotics that include Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Lactobacillus murinus should be developed to target the deficit following stroke to measure the impact on stroke severity.