bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telemedicine and Healing Relationships
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the July‐August 2023 issue of the Hastings Center Report, the lead article and two responding commentaries concern how telemedicine affects the relationships that physicians have with patients or their family members. Relationships are also at the heart of a case‐study essay that brings together family ethics and clinical ethics to argue that the types of food provided to a patient and by whom the patient is fed should be a topic for shared decision‐making. The second article in the issue focuses on why and how the assessment of an individual's decision‐making capacity should take into consideration the risk‐benefit profile of the given decision.
Smuggled Doughnuts and Forbidden Fried Chicken: Addressing Tensions around Family and Food Restrictions in Hospitals
Authors: Dean Megan A. , Guidry‐Grimes Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is a common practice for family members to bring food to hospitalized loved ones. However, in some cases, this food contravenes a patient's dietary plan. Such situations can create significant tension and distrust between health care professionals and families and may lead the former to doubt a family's willingness or ability to support patient recovery. This case‐study essay offers an ethical analysis of these situations. We draw on Hilde Lindemann's work to argue that providing food to family members is an important way that families discharge their moral functions of caring for their members and holding them in their identities. When family members are hospitalized, other means of performing these functions are limited. Acknowledging the ethical importance of feeding family members alongside the medical need for dietary restrictions, we offer strategies for creative problem‐solving that center diet as a subject for shared decision‐making and regular, ongoing communication among health care professionals, patients, and families.
Why the Gene Was (Mis)Placed at the Center of American Health Policy
Authors: Owens Kellie , Caplan Arthur L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn Tyranny of the Gene: Personalized Medicine and Its Threat to Public Health (Knopf, 2023), James Tabery traces the ascendance of personalized or precision medicine in America, arguing that America's emphasis on genetics offers more hype than transformational power. In his examination of the power struggles, social relationships, and technological advances that centered the gene in American health policy, Tabery demonstrates how an intensive focus on genetics draws attention away from both the fundamental causes of health disparities and more‐effective changes that could be made to developmental, physical, and social environments. American policy‐makers, health care institutions, funders, and bioethicists should not let the technological shine and attractive politics of personalized medicine continue to replace the hard but necessary work of addressing sociopolitical causes of disease and illness.
It is time to update sun safety campaigns to recognise population diversity: Findings from two citizens' juries in Australia
Authors: Gregory Judy , Neale Rachel E. , Frank Oliver , Gordon Louisa G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedWhile the links between sun exposure and skin cancer are well known, the benefits of sun exposure, particularly as a source of vitamin D, are less well known. This paper reports on a deliberative study exploring public perspectives about sun exposure harms and benefits.MethodsTwo citizens' juries were conducted in Brisbane and Adelaide to consider questions about sun exposure, vitamin D and health promotion. Members of the general population (jurors) listened to evidence from expert witnesses about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. Most witness sessions extended for 60 min, with 6 sessions over 2 days. At each citizens' jury, jurors were asked to listen to expert testimony, consider the evidence and make policy recommendations. The planning and design of the citizens' juries were informed by well‐established citizens' jury methods.ResultsJurors proposed that Australia needs improved public information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure. They argued for information that supports personal decision‐making that accounts for differences in skin tone and geographical region. Jurors agreed that Australia needs an updated sun safety campaign that reflects new research and addresses diversity. A one‐size‐fits‐all approach to sun protection may no longer be appropriate.ConclusionsWhile a new campaign should address both harms and benefits, jurors felt the need for skin cancer prevention outweighs the desirability of generating vitamin D through sun exposure. More nuanced public health messages are needed, which balance the need for skin protection and vitamin D, and acknowledge the diversity of Australia's population.So What?Previous research studies are typically siloed into the separate areas of vitamin D or skin cancer research. This study incorporated both topics and pooled the views of participants in two citizens' juries who agreed on the need for improved information about the harms and benefits of sun exposure to reflect a modern Australian population.
Increased vigorous exercise and decreased sedentary activities are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in United States adults: Analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsDepression is a major public health concern that affects over 4% of the global population. Identification of new nonpharmacologic recommendations will help decrease the burden of disease. The overarching of this study was to examine the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms in a large sample of adults in the United States.MethodsPresently, researchers utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES 2017–2020), which is a retrospective, complex, multistage, representative, and modern cohort of the United States. Adult patients ( > 18 years; N = 8091) with complete 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) information were included in the study. The PHQ‐9 is a well‐validated survey, per literature, scores ≥10 are considered to have clinically relevant depression. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was fit for active and sedentary activities on clinical depression (PHQ‐9 ≥ 10). The acquisition and analysis of the data within this study were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders like age, race, sex, and income, we found that increased vigorous exercise was associated with lower rates of depressive symptoms. Each extra day of vigorous exercise was associated with 11% decreased odds of depression (odd ratio [OR]: 0.89, confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.96, p < 0.01). Increased sedentary activity was associated with increased depression. Each extra hour per day of sedentary activity was associated with a 6% increase in odds of depression (OR: 1.06, (1.02–1.10, p < 0.01).ConclusionTo conclude, exercise appears to be protective against depressive symptoms; however, further prospective studies are required to ascertain whether exercise causes decreased depressive symptoms.
Forced convective heat transfer for Stokes flow including viscous dissipation in arbitrary corrugated channels
Authors: Shaimi Mohamed , Khatyr Rabha , Naciri Jaafar Khalid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe forced convective heat transfer for Stokes flow, including viscous dissipation in arbitrary corrugated channels, is studied using both an asymptotic method and a numerical solution. The aim is to specify the range of shape parameters for which the validity of the asymptotic approach is ensured, particularly regarding the characteristics of heat transfer. The axial velocity, transversal velocity, pressure, and temperature, for small corrugation's slope compared with unity, are sought as an asymptotic expansion in terms of a parameter that represents the corrugation's slope. The numerical solution is obtained by using ANSYS Fluent solver. Additionally, Python scripting is integrated to automate several parts of the simulations, including the creation of the geometry and a parametric study. Three different types of corrugations are investigated including zigzag, sinusoidal, and arbitrary corrugations defined using a function given by a particular case of the Fourier series. The Nusselt number is calculated to evaluate convective heat transfer. It is found that the asymptotic and numerical solutions for small corrugation's slope, are in good agreement with negligible quantitative differences. However, as the corrugation's slope increases (approaches unity), these quantitative differences increase up to cases where a change in the behavior of the local Nusselt number is observed. The results show that the local Nusselt number decreases in the channel's region with divergent walls due to the decrease in the average velocity. In contrast, it increases in the channel's region with convergent walls due to the increase in the average velocity.
Scarless preventive surgery
Authors: Rathat Gauthier , Blay Lydia , Bakenga Julien , Roggen Nele , Peralta Guillermo , Baekelandt Jan 
Published: August 2023

SynopsisOncogenetic risk‐reduction surgeries could be better accepted if innovation allowed the scars to be hidden. Adnexectomies, vNotes, and endoscopic mastectomies presented here are examples.
In hospitalized patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange, major bleeding prevalence depends on the bleeding definition: An analysis of The Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III
Authors: Soares Ferreira Junior Alexandre , Lessa Morgana Pinheiro Maux , Sanborn Kate , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Karafin Matthew S , Onwuemene Oluwatoyosi A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMajor bleeding in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been studied in large databases; but without standardizing bleeding definitions. Therefore, we used standardized definitions to evaluate major bleeding in hospitalized patients undergoing TPE using public use data files from the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III).Study Design and MethodsIn a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis, we identified TPE‐treated adults in a first inpatient encounter. We evaluated major bleeding prevalence using (1) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, (2) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, or (3) hemoglobin (Hgb) decline. Patients with major bleeding prior to their first TPE were excluded from the analysis.ResultsAmong 779 patients undergoing TPE, major bleeding by at least one of the three bleeding definitions occurred in 135 patients (17.3%). For each of the ICD/CPT, PRBC, and Hgb definitions, the prevalence of major bleeding was 2.8% (n = 31), 7.4% (n = 81), and 5.4% (n = 59), respectively. Only 3.7% of bleeds (5/135) were captured by all three definitions and 19.3% (26/135) exclusively by any two pairwise definitions. The addition of PRBC transfusion and Hgb decline to ICD/CPT code definitions increased bleeding prevalence threefold.ConclusionAmong hospitalized adults undergoing TPE in the REDS‐III study, the prevalence of major bleeding was 17.3%. The addition of PRBC and Hgb decline to ICD codes increased bleeding prevalence threefold. Future studies are needed to develop validated models that identify patients at risk for major bleeding during TPE.
COL3A1‐positive endothelial cells influence LUAD prognosis and regulate LUAD carcinogenesis by NCL–PI3K–AKT axis
Authors: Zhang Moyan , Liang Yicheng , Song Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), as the most common type of lung cancer, poses a significant threat to public health. Tumor heterogeneity plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, which could be largely deciphered by next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsWe obtained and screened single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data from 16 LUAD samples, and endothelial cells (ECs) were grouped into three clusters. The origin of EC differentiation was explored by pseudo‐time analysis. CellChat analysis was used to detect potential communication between ECs and malignant cells, and gene regulatory network analysis was used to identify changes in transcription factor activity. We explored the prognosis of specific ECs clusters and their effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME) at the bulk transcriptome level. 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐ deoxyuridine (EdU) and Ki‐67 staining were conducted to study the proliferative phenotype of LUAD cell lines. Western blotting targeting the phosphorylation of PI3K–AKT proteins was utilized for determination of the downstream pathway of NCL.ResultsCOL3A1‐positive ECs showed the highest crosstalk interaction with malignant cells, indicating that they have important effects on driving LUAD carcinogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway was identified as the main signaling pathway, mediating signal transduction from malignant cells. The TME‐related genes of COL3A1‐positive ECs were significantly more highly expressed. COL3A1‐positive ECs showed unique metabolic and immune characteristics, as well as highly activated metabolic signaling pathways and inflammatory responses. Importantly, LUAD patients with low COL3A1‐positive ECs scores displayed an inferior prognosis outcome and a higher risk of metastasis. The key target gene NCL, which is involved in the interaction between epithelial cells and cancer cells, has been identified through screening. Flow cytometry showed that knockdown of NCL prompted the apoptosis of A549 and NCI‐H1299. Western blotting showed that knockdown of NCL decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K, which identified the downstream pathway of NCL.ConclusionsCOL3A1‐positive ECs have important effects on the development of LUAD and the formation of an immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified a key target gene, NCL, which is involved in the interaction between endothelial cells and cancer cells. NCL also affected the apoptosis and proliferation in LUAD through the PI3K–AKT pathway.
Ovarian cancer classification and prognosis assessment model based on prognostic target genes in key microRNA‐target gene networks
Authors: Chen Xuelian , Li Yibing , He Junjian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed to screen key microRNA (miRNA)‐target gene networks for ovarian cancer (OC) and to classify and construct a risk assessment system for OC based on the target genes.MethodsOC sample data of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and GSE26193, GSE30161, GSE63885 and GSE9891 datasets were retrospectively collected. Pearson correlation analysis and targeted analysis of miRNA and target gene were performed to screen key miRNA‐target gene networks. Target genes associated with the prognosis of OC were screened from key miRNA‐target gene networks for consensus clustering and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator‐based regression machine learning analysis of OC samples.ResultsTwenty target genes of 2651 key miRNA‐target gene pairs had significant prognostic correlation in each OC cohort, and OC was divided into three clusters. There were differences in prognostic outcome, biological pathways, immune cell abundance and susceptibility to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and anti‐tumor drugs among the three molecular clusters. S2 exhibited the least advantage in prognosis and immunotherapy response rate in the three molecular clusters, and the pathways regulating immunity, hypoxia, metabolism and promoting malignant progression of cancer, as well as infiltrating immune and stromal cell population abundance, were the highest in this cluster. An eight‐target gene prognostic model was created, and the risk index obtained by using this model not only significantly distinguished the immune characteristics of the sample, but also predicted the response of the sample to ICB treatment, and helped to screen 36 potential anti‐OC drugs.ConclusionsThe present study provides a classification strategy for OC based on prognostic target genes in key miRNA‐target gene networks, and creates a risk assessment system for predicting prognosis and response to ICB therapy in OC patients, providing molecular basis for prognosis and precise treatment of OC.
Impact of portal‐phase signal intensity of dynamic gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tomino Takahiro , Itoh Shinji , Okamoto Daisuke , Yoshiya Shohei , Nagao Yoshihiro , Harada Noboru , Fujita Nobuhiro , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Ishigami Kousei , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the prognostic impact of dynamic gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 206 patients with HCC who underwent preoperative Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI and hepatectomy and quantitatively evaluated the signal intensity ratio of the tumor to the surrounding liver tissue in the portal phase (SIRPP). We verified the survival rates and assessed the prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) using SIRPP.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that the independent predictive factors for poorly‐differentiated HCC were α‐fetoprotein > 20 ng/mL (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.1909, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3464–7.5622, p = .0084) and SIRPP ≤ 0.85 (HR: 3.7155, 95% CI: 1.521–9.076, p = .004). The 5‐year OS and RFS rates in the high and low SIRPP groups were 83.2 and 52.1%, respectively (p < .0001) and 49.7 and 18.5%, respectively (p = .0003). Multivariate analysis revealed that SIRPP ≤ 0.68 was an independent prognostic factor related to OS (HR: 4.4537, 95% CI: 1.6581–11.9626, p = .003).ConclusionThe SIRPP of preoperative Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI might predict the histological differentiation and prognosis of HCC.
LC‐1000 flow cytometry system complements intraoperative peritoneal cytology for pancreatic and biliary tract cancer
Authors: Asakura Riki , Ajiki Tetsuo , Abe Shigeki , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Tsugawa Daisuke , Komatsu Shohei , Goto Tadahiro , Asari Sadaki , Toyama Hirochika , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe exfoliative cell analyzer, LC‐1000, is medical device that utilizes the principles of flow cytometry, and might provide digital diagnostic information for cytology using a different approach from conventional cytomorphology. In this study, wae examined the usefulness of the LC‐1000 as a diagnostic support system for intraoperative peritoneal lavage cytology and its prognostic impact for pancreatic (PC) and biliary tract cancer (BTC).MethodsPatients with PC and BTC who underwent surgical treatment were included. First, we identified useful indicators of LC‐1000 and established cutoff values to discriminate positive cytology. Next, we verified the validity of these cutoff values.ResultsIn the test set (n = 48), of the LC‐1000 indicators examined, only MR‐CPIx was significantly different between the negative and positive cytology groups, yielding a cutoff value of 0.86. In the validation set (n = 52), the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the LC‐1000 for cytology results was 1.0, 0.49, 0.11 and 1.0, respectively. In patients who had undergone radical resection, recurrence‐free survival rate was significantly higher in the LC‐1000 negative group than in the positive group in PC, but not in BTC.ConclusionThe LC‐1000 was useful as digital support system for peritoneal cytology, and it might have potential as a prognostic factor for PC.
Describing whisker morphology of the Carnivora
Authors: Dougill Gary , Brassey Charlotte A. , Starostin Eugene L. , Andrews Hayley , Kitchener Andrew , van der Heijden Gert H. M. , Goss Victor G. A. , Grant Robyn A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne of the largest ecological transitions in carnivoran evolution was the shift from terrestrial to aquatic lifestyles, which has driven morphological diversity in skulls and other skeletal structures. In this paper, we investigate the association between those lifestyles and whisker morphology. However, comparing whisker morphology over a range of species is challenging since the number of whiskers and their positions on the mystacial pads vary between species. Also, each whisker will be at a different stage of growth and may have incurred damage due to wear and tear. Identifying a way to easily capture whisker morphology in a small number of whisker samples would be beneficial. Here, we describe individual and species variation in whisker morphology from two‐dimensional scans in red fox, European otter and grey seal. A comparison of long, caudal whiskers shows inter‐species differences most clearly. We go on to describe global whisker shape in 24 species of carnivorans, using linear approximations of curvature and taper, as well as traditional morphometric methods. We also qualitatively examine surface texture, or the presence of scales, using scanning electron micrographs. We show that gross whisker shape is highly conserved, with whisker curvature and taper obeying simple linear relationships with length. However, measures of whisker base radius, length, and maybe even curvature, can vary between species and substrate preferences. Specifically, the aquatic species in our sample have thicker, shorter whiskers that are smoother, with less scales present than those of terrestrial species. We suggest that these thicker whiskers may be stiffer and able to maintain their shape and position during underwater sensing, but being stiffer may also increase wear.