bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese Learners of English Are Conceptually Blind to Temporal Differences Conveyed by Tense
Authors: Li Yang , Casaponsa Aina , Jones Manon , Thierry Guillaume 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChinese learners of English often experience difficulty with English tense presumably because their native language is tenseless. We showed that this difficulty relates to their incomplete conceptual representations for tense rather than their poor grammatical rule knowledge. Participants made acceptability judgments on sentences describing two‐event sequences that were either temporally plausible or misaligned according to verb tense (time clash). Both upper‐intermediate Chinese learners of English and native English speakers were able to detect time clashes between events, showing that Chinese participants could apply tense rules explicitly. However, a predicted modulation of the N400 event‐related brain potential elicited by time clashes in English‐speaking participants was entirely absent in Chinese participants. In contrast, the same Chinese participants could semantically process time information when it was lexically conveyed in both languages. Thus, despite their mastery of English grammar, high‐functioning Chinese learners of English failed to process the meaning of tense‐conveyed temporal information in real time.
‘Change talk’ among physicians in small group learning communities: An ethnographic study
Authors: Armson Heather , Moncrieff Kathleen , Lofft Meghan , Roder Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionPhysicians face uncertainties in complex clinical environments. Small group learning initiatives allow physicians to decipher new evidence and address challenges. This study aimed to understand how physicians in small learning groups discuss, interpret and assess new evidence‐based information to make decisions for practice.MethodsAn ethnographic approach was used to collect data from observed discussions between practising family physicians (n = 15) that meet in small learning groups (n = 2). Physicians were members of a continuing professional development (CPD) programme that provides educational modules with clinical cases and evidence‐based recommendations for best practice. Nine learning sessions were observed over 1 year. Field notes documenting the conversations were analysed using ethnographic observational dimensions and thematic content analysis. Observational data were supplemented with interviews (n = 9) and practice reflection documents (n = 7). A conceptual framework for ‘change talk’ was created.ResultsObservations elucidated the following: Facilitators played a significant role in leading the discussion by focusing on practice gaps. As group members shared approaches to clinical cases, baseline knowledge and practice experiences were revealed. Members made sense of new information by asking questions and sharing knowledge. They determined what information was useful and whether it applied to their practice. They reviewed evidence, tested algorithms, benchmarked themselves to best practice and consolidated knowledge before committing to practice change(s). Themes from interviews emphasised that sharing of practice experiences played an integral part in decisions to implement new knowledge, helped validate guideline recommendations and provided strategies for feasible practice changes. Documented practice reflections regarding decisions for practice change(s) overlapped with field notes.ConclusionThis study provides empirical data on how small groups of family physicians discuss evidence‐based information and make decisions for clinical practice. A ‘change talk’ framework was created to illustrate the processes that occur when physicians interpret and assess new information to bridge gaps between current and best practices.
Crack identification using electrical impedance tomography and transfer learning
Authors: Quqa Said , Landi Luca , Loh Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSensing skins and electrical impedance tomography constitute a convenient and inexpensive alternative to dense sensor networks for distributed sensing in civil structures. However, their performance can deteriorate with the aging of the sensing film. Guaranteeing high identification performance after minor lesions is crucial to improving their ability to identify structural damage. In this paper, electrical resistance tomography is used to identify the crack locations in nanocomposite paint sprayed onto structural components. The main novelty consists of using crack annotations collected during visual inspections to improve the crack identification performance of deep neural networks trained using simulated datasets through transfer learning. Transfer component analysis is employed for simulation‐to‐real information transfer and applied at a population level, extracting low‐dimensional domain‐invariant features shared by simulated models and structures with similar geometry. The results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches for crack localization in complex damage patterns.
Exploring 3D leaf anatomical traits for C4 photosynthesis: chloroplast and plasmodesmata pit field size in maize and sugarcane
Authors: Lee Moon‐Sub , Boyd Ryan A. , Boateng Kingsley A. , Ort Donald R. 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Volume and surface area of chloroplasts and surface area of plasmodesmata pit fields are presented for two C4 species, maize and sugarcane, with respect to cell surface area and cell volume.
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF‐SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy with the Airyscan system (LSM) were used. Chloroplast size estimates were much faster and easier using LSM than with SBF‐SEM; however, the results were more variable than SBF‐SEM.
Mesophyll cells were lobed where chloroplasts were located, facilitating cell‐to‐cell connections while allowing for greater intercellular airspace exposure. Bundle sheath cells were cylindrical with chloroplasts arranged centrifugally. Chloroplasts occupied c. 30–50% of mesophyll cell volume, and 60–70% of bundle sheath cell volume. Roughly 2–3% of each cell surface area was covered by plasmodesmata pit fields for both bundle sheath and mesophyll cells.
This work will aid future research to develop SBF‐SEM methodologies with the aim to better understand the effect of cell structure on C4 photosynthesis.
Adductor Canal Block Combined with General Analgesia for Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation Undergoing “3‐in‐1” Procedure Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiong Yan , Wang Duan , Li Shu , Li Xuejie , Lin Yanjun , Li Jian , Li Qi 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivePatellar dislocation is a common injury in sports medicine. While surgical treatment is an important option, pain is severe after surgery. This study compared the analgesic effect and early rehabilitation quality between adductor canal block combined with general analgesia (ACB + GA) and single general analgesia (SGA) after recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) for “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery.MethodsFrom July 2018 to January 2020, a prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in analgesia management after RPD for “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery. The 40 patients in the experimental group received ACB (0.3% ropivacaine 30 mL) + GA, while the 38 patients in the control group received SGA. Patients in both groups received “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery, standardized anesthesia, and analgesia during hospitalization. The outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS), quadriceps strength, Inpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (IPSQ), Lysholm scores, and Kujala scores. Total rescue analgesic consumption and adverse events were also recorded. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare continuous variables between groups and chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare count data. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis H tests evaluated ranked data.ResultsNo significant differences in resting VAS scores were observed at 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. However, the flexion and moving VAS scores of the ACB + GA group were significantly lower than those of the SGA group (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the first triggering of rescue analgesics was advanced in the SGA group (p < 0.0001), and the dose of opioid analgesics was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). The quadriceps strength of the ACB + GA group was higher than that of the SGA group at 8 h postoperatively. The IPSQ of the ACB + GA group was significantly higher 24 h postoperatively. We observed no significant differences in Lysholm and Kujala scores between the two groups at 3 months after surgery.ConclusionsEarly analgesia management of ACB + GA showed excellent analgesia effectiveness and a positive hospitalization experience for RPD patients undergoing “3‐in‐1” procedure surgery. Moreover, this management was good for early rehabilitation.
Memory belief is weak
Authors: Lai Changsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently there has been extensive debate over whether “belief is weak”, viz, whether the epistemic standard for belief is lower than for assertion or knowledge. While most current studies focus on notions such as “ordinary belief” and “outright belief”, this paper purports to advance this debate by investigating a specific type of belief; memory belief. It is argued that (outright) beliefs formed on the basis of episodic memories are “weak” due to two forms of “entitlement inequality”. My key argument is thus twofold. First, by rejecting the epistemic theory of memory, I argue that one can be entitled to belief but not to knowledge. Second, by scrutinising a recent defence of the belief norm of assertion, it will be demonstrated that belief is weaker than assertion, as long as we expect one to match words with deeds.
Population density, urbanisation and agricultural mechanisation in modern Ghana
Authors: Warren Frances 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFarmers' technological choices take place within farming systems that are shaped by population pressure, connectivity to urban markets and agro‐ecological conditions. The relationship between these drivers and agricultural technology use is ambiguous. On the one hand, population growth can increase the supply of labour, driving down wage rates and reducing the incentives for mechanisation. On the other hand, rural–urban movements of people can reduce rural labour supply while simultaneously driving up the demand for food and hence the demand for mechanisation. Past theories of agricultural mechanisation have explained the low adoption of agricultural machinery in land‐abundant cereal production systems of SSA in terms of these drivers. However, recent empirical observations find extensive adoption of mechanised ploughing technology by small, medium and large‐scale farmers in Ghana. Examining the Ghanaian experience can thus shed new light on theories of mechanisation. A large household survey dataset covering eight districts is combined with geo‐spatial data on population, urban proximity and agro‐ecological factors to consider whether the existing theories are able to explain farm‐level adoption decisions in this context. The analysis finds that a farmer's decision to use agricultural machinery is associated with lower population density and proximity to urban centres. In northern Ghana, these drivers of technological change are as important as farm household characteristics in understanding cross‐sectional patterns of machinery adoption.
Reshaping state–citizen relationships through donor‐designed targeting systems in Lesotho and Malawi
Authors: Hemsteede Roeland 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSocial and humanitarian cash transfers in sub‐Saharan Africa are increasingly used to support a wide range of vulnerable populations with long‐term support or immediate relief. Designing and implementing cash transfers typically involves a range of transnational actors and government stakeholders who continuously exert power which in turn affects state–citizen relations. The data informing this article come from 109 key informant interviews with (inter)national‐level stakeholders involved in three social cash transfers and two humanitarian cash transfers in Lesotho and Malawi. This article argues that donor‐designed targeting approaches in Lesotho and Malawi create space for new state–citizen relations, but that these are relatively shallow and reconfigured once technical capacity allows for targeting approaches that rely less on communities. It contributes to the literature on the role of transnational actors in social protection by showing that their role is significant when it comes to creating new redistributive relations, even if transnational actors are unable to convince host governments to take full fiscal responsibility for their initiatives due to differing views on who deserves what kind of support.
Levels of algebraicity in stable homotopy theories
Authors: Ishak Jocelyne , Roitzheim Constanze , Williamson Jordan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study several different notions of algebraicity in use in stable homotopy theory and prove implications between them. The relationships between the different meanings of algebraic are unexpectedly subtle, and we illustrate this with several interesting examples arising from chromatic homotopy theory.
Global regularity for a class of fully nonlinear PDEs with unbalanced variable degeneracy
Authors: Bezerra Júnior Elzon C. , da Silva João Vitor , C. Rampasso Giane , C. Ricarte Gleydson 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe establish the existence and sharp global regularity results (, and estimates) for a class of fully nonlinear elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) with unbalanced variable degeneracy. In a precise way, the degeneracy law of the model switches between two different kinds of degenerate elliptic operators of variable order, according to the null set of a modulating function . The model case in question is given by
for a bounded, regular, and open set , and appropriate continuous data , , and . Such sharp regularity estimates generalize and improve, to some extent, earlier ones via geometric treatments. Our results are consequences of geometric tangential methods and make use of compactness, localized oscillating, and scaling techniques. In the end, our findings are applied in the study of a wide class of nonlinear models.
The Lq$L^q$ spectrum of self‐affine measures on sponges
Authors: Kolossváry István 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a sponge in is the attractor of an iterated function system consisting of finitely many strictly contracting affine maps whose linear part is a diagonal matrix. A suitable separation condition is introduced under which a variational formula is proved for the spectrum of any self‐affine measure defined on a sponge for all . Apart from some special cases, even the existence of their box dimension was not proved before. Under certain conditions, the formula has a closed form which in general is an upper bound. The Frostman and box dimension of these measures is also determined. The approach unifies several existing results and extends them to arbitrary dimensions. The key ingredient is the introduction of a novel pressure function which aims to capture the growth rate of box counting quantities on sponges. We show that this pressure satisfies a variational principle which resembles the Ledrappier–Young formula for Hausdorff dimension.
Probing the drivers of
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm protein amyloidogenesis and disrupting biofilms with engineered protein disaggregases
Authors: Howard Matthew K. , Miller Karlie R. , Sohn Brian S. , Ryan Jeremy J. , Xu Andy , Jackrel Meredith E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are the primary proteinaceous component of
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilms. Residence in the protective environment of biofilms allows bacteria to rapidly evolve and acquire antimicrobial resistance, which can lead to persistent infections such as those caused by methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA). In their soluble form, PSMs hinder the immune response of the host and can increase the virulence potential of MRSA. PSMs also self-assemble into insoluble functional amyloids that contribute to the structural scaffold of biofilms. The specific roles of PSM peptides in biofilms remain poorly understood. Here, we report the development of a genetically tractable yeast model system for studying the properties of PSMα peptides. Expression of PSMα peptides in yeast drives the formation of toxic insoluble aggregates that adopt vesicle-like structures. Using this system, we probed the molecular drivers of PSMα aggregation to delineate key similarities and differences among the PSMs and identified a crucial residue that drives PSM features. Biofilms are a major public health threat; thus, biofilm disruption is a key goal. To solubilize aggregates comprised of a diverse range of amyloid and amyloid-like species, we have developed engineered variants of Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ protein disaggregase from yeast. Here, we demonstrate that potentiated Hsp104 variants counter the toxicity and aggregation of PSMα peptides. Further, we demonstrate that a potentiated Hsp104 variant can drive the disassembly of preformed
S. aureus
biofilms. We suggest that this new yeast model can be a powerful platform for screening for agents that disrupt PSM aggregation and that Hsp104 disaggregases could be a promising tool for the safe enzymatic disruption of biofilms.
Flow Structure and Transition to Local Turbulence Downstream of an Asymmetric Narrowing that Imitates Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Molochnikov V. M. , Dushin N. S. , Pashkova N. D. , Gataulin Ya. A. , Smirnov E. M. , Yukhnev A. D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The results of experimental studies and numerical simulation of the flow structure in the separation region downstream of an asymmetric narrowing of smooth canal that simulates 70% one-sided stenosis of the artery are presented. The Reynolds number was equal to 1800. The instantaneous flow velocity vector fields were measured using the SIV technique. The numerical solution was obtained by the large eddy simulation (LES) method. Setting the disturbances in numerical simulation close to the experimental conditions made it possible to obtain a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental velocity fields and the components of the Reynolds stress tensor. The data on formation of the local flow turbulence region behind the constriction and subsequent downstream flow relaminarization are obtained. It is shown that a pair of secondary eddies localized within the region of flow separation is formed near the throat of the constriction.
Urban neighbourhood elements that influence psychoactive substance use among populations with adverse childhood experiences: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Baishya Mona , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Hoadley Ariel , Litsas Diana , Roth Stephanie , Collins Bradley N 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are stressful or traumatic events experienced before the age of 18 years old. ACEs have been associated with an increased risk for substance use in adulthood. While an abundance of research has examined psychosocial factors that explain the link between ACEs and psychoactive substance use, little is known about the additional influence of the urban neighbourhood environment, including community-level factors, that influence the risk of substance use among populations with a history of ACEs.Methods and analysisThe following databases will be systematically searched: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov and TRIP medical databases. After the title and abstract screening and full-text screening, we will also conduct a manual search of the reference sections of included articles and include relevant citations. Eligibility criteria include peer-reviewed articles that focus on populations with at least one ACE, factors from the urban neighbourhood community, such as elements from the built environment, presence of community service programmes, quality and vacancy of housing, neighbourhood level social cohesion, and neighbourhood level collective efficacy or crime. Included articles should also include terms such as ‘substance abuse’, ‘prescription misuse’ and ‘dependence’. Only studies written or translated into the English language will be included.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic and scoping review will focus on peer-reviewed publications and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be available for clinicians, researchers and community members via publications and social media. This protocol describes the rationale and methods for the first scoping review to inform future research and community-level intervention development that targets substance use among populations who have experienced ACEs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023405151.
Sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Terefa Dufera Rikitu , Shama Adisu Tafari , Kenea Abdi Kebede 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and institutional determinants of zinc bundled with oral rehydration salt (ORS) utilisation among under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases in East Wallaga zone, western Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 560 randomly selected participants from 1 to 30 April 2022. Data were entered into EpiData V.3.1, then exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V.25 for analysis. An adjusted OR (AOR) along with a 95% confidence level was estimated to assess the strength of the association, and a p value <0.05 was considered to declare the statistical significance.ResultsAbout 39.6% of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their children with diarrhoea at least once in the last 12 months. Being aged 40–49 years for mothers or caregivers (AOR 3.48, 95% CI 1.41, 8.53); merchant (AOR 4.11, 95% CI 1.73, 8.12); mothers or caregivers able to read and write (AOR 5.77, 95% CI 1.22, 11.67); visited secondary level (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.30, 6.10) and tertiary level health facilities (AOR 0.016, 95% CI 0.03, 0.97); degree and above (AOR 0.06, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12) and doctorate (AOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04, 0.44) holder healthcare professionals were statistically associated with utilisation of zinc bundled with ORS.ConclusionThe study found that about two in five of the participants had used zinc bundled with ORS for their under-five children with diarrhoeal diseases. Age, occupation, educational status, level of health facilities visited and level of health professionals provided care were determinants of zinc bundled with ORS utilisation. So, health professionals at different levels of the health system have to enhance the maximisation of its bundled uptake.