bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary management and outcomes of penetrating colon injuries: Validation of the 2020 AAST Colon Organ Injury Scale
Authors: Zeineddin Ahmad , Tominaga Gail T. , Crandall Marie , Almeida Mariana , Schuster Kevin M. , Jawad Ghassan , Maqbool Baila , Sheffield Abby C. , Dhillon Navpreet K. , Radow Brandon S. , Moorman Matthew L. , Martin Niels D. , Jacovides Christina L. , Lowry Debra , Kaups Krista , Horwood Chelsea R. , Werner Nicole L. , Proaño-Zamudio Jefferson A. , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Marshall William A. , Haines Laura N. , Schaffer Kathryn B. , Staudenmayer Kristan L. , Kozar Rosemary A. 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION
The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Colon Organ Injury Scale (OIS) was updated in 2020 to include a separate OIS for penetrating colon injuries and included imaging criteria. In this multicenter study, we describe the contemporary management and outcomes of penetrating colon injuries and hypothesize that the 2020 OIS system correlates with operative management, complications, and outcomes.

METHODS
This was a retrospective study of patients presenting to 12 Level 1 trauma centers between 2016 and 2020 with penetrating colon injuries and Abbreviated Injury Scale score of <3 in other body regions. We assessed the association of the new OIS with surgical management and clinical outcomes and the association of OIS imaging criteria with operative criteria. Bivariate analysis was done with χ2, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis, where appropriate. Multivariable models were constructed in a stepwise selection fashion.

RESULTS
We identified 573 patients with penetrating colon injuries. Patients were young and predominantly male; 79% suffered a gunshot injury, 11% had a grade V destructive injury, 19% required ≥6 U of transfusion, 24% had an Injury Severity Score of >15, and 42% had moderate-to-large contamination. Higher OIS was independently associated with a lower likelihood of primary repair, higher likelihood of resection with anastomosis and/or diversion, need for damage-control laparotomy, and higher incidence of abscess, wound infection, extra-abdominal infections, acute kidney injury, and lung injury. Damage control was independently associated with diversion and intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal infections. Preoperative imaging in 152 (27%) cases had a low correlation with operative findings (κ coefficient, 0.13).

CONCLUSION
This is the largest study to date of penetrating colon injuries and the first multicenter validation of the new OIS specific to these injuries. While imaging criteria alone lacked strong predictive value, operative American Association for the Surgery of Trauma OIS colon grade strongly predicted type of interventions and outcomes, supporting use of this grading scale for research and clinical practice.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Cervical Radiofrequency Ablation Artifact Mimicking an Electrographic Seizure on RNS
Authors: Sánchez-Boluarte Sofía S. , Feyissa Anteneh M. , Freund Brin , Khan Aafreen , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Tatum William O. 
Published: April 2023

Summary:
The responsive neurostimulator continuously monitors the electrocorticogram. It delivers short bursts of high-frequency electrical stimulation when personalized patterns are detected. Intracranial EEG recording including electrocorticography is susceptible to artifacts, albeit at a lesser frequency compared with scalp recording. The authors describe a novel case of a patient with focal epilepsy, bitemporal responsive neurostimulation, and seizures without self-awareness manifest as focal impaired awareness seizures adversely affecting memory. At follow-up evaluation, the patient reported being clinically seizure-free although a single long episode was detected using the Patient Data Management System over the course of 3 years. Initial review identified a left-sided rhythmic discharge with a bilateral spatial field of involvement. In response to detection, the responsive neurostimulation delivered a series of five electrical stimulations. On further review, the patient recalled undergoing cervical radiofrequency ablation, which coincided with the appearance of the “electrographic seizure.” Extrinsic electrical artifact involving monomorphic nonevolving waveforms confirmed electrical artifact identified and treated by responsive neurostimulation as an epileptic seizure. On rare occasion, implanted electrical devices may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment of patients because of intracranial artifact.
The Role of Age and Sex in Non-linear Dilution Adjustment of Spot Urine Arsenic
Authors: Carmine Thomas Clemens 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research introduced V-PFCRC as an effective spot urinary dilution adjustment method for various metal analytes, including the major environmental toxin arsenic. V-PFCRC normalizes analytes to 1 g/L creatinine (CRN) by adopting more advanced power-functional corrective equations accounting for variation in exposure level. This study expands on previous work by examining the impacts of age and sex on corrective functions.MethodsLiterature review of the effects of sex and age on urinary dilution and the excretion of CRN and arsenic. Data analysis included a Data Set 1 of 5,752 urine samples and a partly overlapping Data Set 2 of 1,154 combined EDTA blood and urine samples. Both sets were classified into age bands, and the means, medians, and interquartile ranges for CRN and TWuAs in uncorrected (UC), conventionally CRN-corrected (CCRC), simple power-functional (S-PFCRC), sex-aggregated (V-PFCRC SA), and sex-differentiated V-PFCRC SD modes were compared. Correlation analyses assessed residual relationships between CRN, TWuAs, and age. V-PFCRC functions were compared across three numerically similar age groups and both sexes. The efficacy of systemic dilution adjustment error compensation was evaluated through power-functional regression analysis of residual CRN and the association between arsenic in blood and all tested urinary result modes.ResultsSignificant sex differences in UC and blood were neutralized by CCRC and reduced by V-PFCRC. Age showed a positive association with blood arsenic and TWuAs in all result modes, indicating factual increments in exposure. Sex-differentiated V-PFCRC best matched the sex-age kinetics of blood arsenic. V-PFCRC formulas varied by sex and age and appeared to reflect urinary osmolality sex-age-kinetics reported in previous research.V-PFCRC minimized residual biases of CRN on TWuAs across all age groups and sexes, demonstrating improved standardization efficacy compared to UC and CCRC arsenic.InterpretationSex differences in UC and CCRC arsenic are primarily attributable to urinary dilution and are effectively compensated by V-PFCRC. While the sex and age influence on V-PFCRC formulas align with sex- and age-specific urinary osmolality and assumed baseline vasopressor activities, their impact on correction validity for entire collectives is minimal.ConclusionThe V-PFCRC method offers a robust correction for urinary arsenic dilution, significantly reducing systemic dilution adjustment errors. Its application in various demographic contexts enhances the accuracy of urinary biomarker assessments, benefiting clinical and epidemiological research. V-PFCRC effectively compensates for sex differences in urinary arsenic. Age-related increases in TWuAs are exposure-related and should be additionally accounted for by algebraic normalization, covariate models, or standard range adjustments.
Predicting the risk of incident hypertension and increase in blood pressure: A systematic review of existing prediction models for adults
Authors: Bajwa Pravleen K , Levine Natalie A , Bautista Leonelo E 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsModels that can predict the risk of developing essential hypertension or increase in blood pressure (BP) can be used to identify high risk individuals. We aimed to summarize and assess prediction models developed in the general adult population using longitudinal data, as well as any external validation of such models.MethodsFor this systematic review, we searched the literature on Medline and Embase for studies published between database inception and February 5, 2021. We conducted a narrative synthesis of all models and assessed the risk of bias (ROB) in included studies using PROBAST. We also performed a meta-analysis of all external validation studies validating the Framingham hypertension risk model. We excluded models based on cross-sectional data, or those based on specific patient populations.ResultsOur review includes 29 articles which contain 42 prediction models and 11 external validation studies of existing prediction models. Among model development studies, only five models performed both internal and external validation. Among the validation studies, only two existing models were externally validated by researchers other than the ones who developed the model. Most models had low ROB in the predictors and outcomes domains, and half had low ROB in the participants domain. However, all had high ROB in the analysis domain due to inappropriate handling of missing data and/or lack of adequate performance measures, which resulted in high overall ROB for all models.ConclusionsAll current risk prediction models predicting hypertension or increased blood pressure have high ROB and most have not been externally validated. New studies should aim to reduce their ROB using standard reporting guidelines and externally validated existing models.
Infection Risk Shifts of Protests During Pandemics
Authors: Kraft Lennart , Niekamp Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis research article examines the dual impact of protests on COVID-19 spread, a challenge for policymakers balancing public health and the right to assemble. Using a game theoretical model, it shows that protests can shift infection risks between counties, creating a dilemma for regulators. The empirical study analyzes two German protests in November 2020 using proprietary data from a bus-shuttle service, finding evidence to support the assumption that protests can shift infection risks. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for policymakers, highlighting that regulators’ individually rational strategic decisions may lead to inefficient outcomes.
PRedicting the EVolution of SubjectIvE Cognitive Decline to Alzheimer’s Disease With machine learning: the PREVIEW study protocol
Authors: Mazzeo Salvatore , Lassi Michael , Padiglioni Sonia , Vergani Alberto Arturo , Moschini Valentina , Scarpino Maenia , Giacomucci Giulia , Burali Rachele , Morinelli Carmen , Fabbiani Carlo , Galdo Giulia , Bagnoli Silvia , Emiliani Filippo , Ingannato Assunta , Nacmias Benedetta , Sorbi Sandro , Grippo Antonello , Mazzoni Alberto , Bessi Valentina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsSubjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is a condition in which individual complain of cognitive decline with normal performances on neuropsychological evaluation. Many studies demonstrated a higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s pathology in patients diagnosed with SCD as compared to the general population. Consequently, SCD was suggested as an early symptomatic phase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We will describe the study protocol of a prospective cohort study (PREVIEW) that aim to identify features and tools to accurately detect SCD patients who will progress to AD.MethodsWe will include patients self-referred to our memory clinic and diagnosed with SCD. Participants will undergo: clinical, neurologic and neuropsychological examination, estimation of cognitive reserve and depression, evaluation of personality traits,APOEandBDNFgenotyping, electroencephalography and event-related potential recording, lumbar puncture for measurement of Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau concentration and Aβ42/Aβ40ratio. Recruited patients will have follow-up neuropsychological examination every two years. Collected data will be used to train a machine learning algorithm to define the risk of progression from SCD to MCI and AD.DiscussionThere is an urgent need to select cost-effective and easily accessible tools to identify patients at the earliest stages of the disease. Previous studies identified demographic, cognitive, genetic, neurophysiological and brain structure features to stratify SCD patients according to the risk of progression to objective cognitive decline. Nevertheless, only a few studies considered all these features together and applied machine learning approaches on SCD patients.Conclusionsthe PREVIEW study aim to identify new cost-effective disease biomarkers (e.g., EEG-derived biomarkers) and define automated algorithm to detect patients at risk for AD in a very early stage of the disease.
Distinct baseline immune characteristics associated with responses to conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults
Authors: Ravichandran Sathyabaarathi , Erra-Diaz Fernando , Karakaslar Onur E. , Marches Radu , Kenyon-Pesce Lisa , Rossi Robert , Chaussabel Damien , Pascual Virginia , Palucka Karolina , Paust Silke , Nahm Moon H. , Kuchel George A. , Banchereau Jacques , Ucar Duygu 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTPneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. A capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 (Pneumovax®) and a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine PCV13 (Prevnar®) are used to prevent these infections, yet underlying responses, and baseline predictors remain unknown. We recruited and vaccinated 39 older adults (>60 years) with PPSV23 or PCV13. Both vaccines induced strong antibody responses at day 28 and similar plasmablast transcriptional signatures at day 10, however, their baseline predictors were distinct. Analyses of baseline flow cytometry and RNA-seq data (bulk and single cell) revealed a novel baseline phenotype that is specifically associated with weaker PCV13 responses, characterized by i) increased expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes and increased CD16+NK frequency; ii) increased Th17 and decreased Th1 cell frequency. Men were more likely to display this cytotoxic phenotype and mounted weaker responses to PCV13 than women. Baseline expression levels of a distinct gene set was predictive of PPSV23 responses. This first precision vaccinology study for pneumococcal vaccine responses of older adults uncovered novel and distinct baseline predictors that might transform vaccination strategies and initiate novel interventions.
A Machine Learning Method to Characterize Conformational Changes of Amino Acids in Proteins
Authors: Mollaei Parisa , Farimani Amir Barati 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmino acid dynamics are significant in determining the overall function, structure, stability, and activity of proteins. However, atomic-level descriptions of the structural features of proteins are limited by the current resolutions of experimental and computational techniques. In this study, we developed a machine learning (ML) framework for characterizing the individual aminoacids dynamic in a protein and compute its contribution to the overall function of proteins. This framewor identifies specific types of angular features in amino acids, such as bimodal-switch residues. It can assist in the analysis of various protein characteristics and provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of individual amino acids within a protein structure. We found that there is a strong correlation between a specific type of bimodal-switch residues and the global features in proteins. This knowledge can help us to identify key residues that are strongly correlated to the overall function of the protein.
Frequency Of pRenatal CAre viSiTs (FORCAST): study protocol to develop a core outcome set for prenatal care schedules
Authors: Turrentine Mark , Nguyen Buu-Hac , Choby Beth , Kendig Susan , King Tekoa L. , Kotelchuck Milton , Simas Tiffany A. Moore , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Zahn Christopher M. , Peahl Alex Friedman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal care, one of the most common preventive care services in the United States, endeavors to improve pregnancy outcomes through evidence-based screenings and interventions. Despite the prevalence of prenatal care and its importance to maternal and infant health, there are several debates about the best methods of prenatal care delivery, including the most appropriate schedule frequency and content of prenatal visits. Current U.S. national guidelines recommend that low-risk individuals receive a standard schedule of 12 to 14 in-office visits, a care delivery model that has remained unchanged for almost a century.ObjectivesIn early 2020, to mitigate individuals’ exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, prenatal care providers implemented new paradigms that altered the schedule frequency, interval, and modality (e.g., telemedicine) of how prenatal care services were offered. In this manuscript, we describe development of a core outcome set (COS) that can be used to evaluate the effect of the frequency of prenatal care schedules on maternal and infant outcomes.MethodsWe will systematically review the literature to identify previously reported outcomes important to individuals who receive prenatal care and the people who care for them. Stakeholders with expertise in prenatal care delivery (i.e., patients/family members, healthcare providers, and public health professionals and policymakers) will rate the importance of identified outcomes in an online survey using a three-round Delphi process. A virtual consensus meeting will be held for a group of stakeholder representatives to discuss and vote on the outcomes to include in the final COS.ResultsThe Delphi survey was initiated in July 2022 with 71 stakeholders invited. A virtual consensus conference was conducted on October 11, 2022. Data is currently under analysis.ConclusionsMore research about the optimal schedule frequency and modality for prenatal care delivery is needed. Standardizing outcomes that are measured and reported in evaluations of the recommended prenatal care schedules will assist evidence synthesis and results reported in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Overall, this COS will expand the consistency and patient-centeredness of reported outcomes for various prenatal care delivery schedules and modalities, hopefully improving the overall efficacy of recommended care delivery for pregnant people and their families.Trial RegistrationThis study was registered in the Core Outcome Measures for Effectiveness (COMET) database on January 18, 2022, registration #2021http://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2021.
Meta-Analysis of Public RNA Sequencing Data of Abscisic Acid-Related Abiotic Stresses inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shintani Mitsuo , Tamura Keita , Bono Hidemasa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAbiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold negatively affect plant growth and crop productivity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to these stressors is essential for stress tolerance in crops. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is significantly increased upon abiotic stressors, inducing physiological responses to adapt to stress and regulate gene expression. Although many studies have examined the components of established stress signaling pathways, few have explored other unknown elements. This study aimed to identify novel stress-responsive genes in plants by performing a meta-analysis of public RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data onArabidopsis thaliana, focusing on five ABA-related stress conditions (ABA, Salt, Dehydration, Osmotic, and Cold). The meta-analysis of 216 paired datasets from five stress conditions was conducted, and differentially expressed genes were identified by introducing a new metric, called TN (stress-treated (T) and non-treated (N))-score. We revealed that 14 genes were commonly upregulated and 8 genes were commonly downregulated across all five treatments, including some that were not previously associated with these stress responses. On the other hand, some genes regulated by salt, dehydration, and osmotic treatments were not regulated by exogenous ABA or cold stress, suggesting that they may be involved in the plant response to dehydration independent of ABA. Our meta-analysis revealed a list of candidate genes with unknown molecular mechanisms in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent stress responses. These genes could be valuable resources for selecting genome editing targets and potentially contribute to the discovery of novel stress tolerance mechanisms and pathways in plants.
Proteomes Reveal Metabolic Capabilities ofYarrowia lipolyticafor Biological Upcycling of Polyethylene into High-Value Chemicals
Authors: Walker Caleb , Mortensen Max , Poudel Bindica , Cotter Christopher , Okekeogbu Ikenna , Ryu Seunghyun , Khomami Bamin , Giannone Richard J. , Laursen Siris , Trinh Cong T. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTPolyolefins derived from plastic wastes are recalcitrant for biological upcycling. However, chemical depolymerization of polyolefins can generate depolymerized plastic (DP) oil comprising of a complex mixture of saturated, unsaturated, even and odd hydrocarbons suitable for biological conversion. While DP oil contains a rich carbon and energy source, it is inhibitory to cells. Understanding and harnessing robust metabolic capabilities of microorganisms to upcycle the hydrocarbons in DP oil, both naturally and unnaturally occurring, into high-value chemicals are limited. Here, we discovered that an oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolyticaundergoing short-term adaptation to DP oil robustly utilized a wide range of hydrocarbons for cell growth and production of citric acid and neutral lipids. When growing on hydrocarbons,Y. lipolyticapartitioned into planktonic and oil-bound cells with each exhibiting distinct proteomes and amino acid distributions invested into establishing these proteomes. Significant proteome reallocation towards energy and lipid metabolism, belonging to two of the 23 KOG (Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups) classes C and I, enabled robust growth ofY. lipolyticaon hydrocarbons, with n-hexadecane as the preferential substrate. This investment was even higher for growth on DP oil where both the KOG classes C and I were the top two, and many associated proteins and pathways were expressed and upregulated including the hydrocarbon degradation pathway, Krebs cycle, glyoxylate shunt and, unexpectedly, propionate metabolism. However, a reduction in proteome allocation for protein biosynthesis, at the expense of the observed increase towards energy and lipid metabolisms, might have caused the inhibitory effect of DP oil on cell growth.MPORTANCESustainable processes for biological upcycling plastic wastes in a circular bioeconomy are needed to promote decarbonization and reduce environmental pollution due to increased plastic consumption, incineration, and landfill storage. Strain characterization and proteomic analysis revealed the robust metabolic capabilities ofY. lipolyticato upcycle polyethylene into high-value chemicals. Significant proteome reallocation towards energy and lipid metabolisms was required for robust growth on hydrocarbons with n-hexadecane as the preferential substrate. However, an apparent over-investment in these same categories to utilize complex DP oil came at the expense of protein biosynthesis, limiting cell growth. Taken together, this study elucidates howY. lipolyticaactivates its metabolism to utilize DP oil and establishesY. lipolyticaas a promising host for the upcycling of plastic wastes.