bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fawn birthdays: From opportunistically sampled fawn rescue data to true wildlife demographic parameters
Authors: Kauffert Johanna , Baur Sophie , Matiu Michael , König Andreas , Peters Wibke , Menzel Annette 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Spring mowing in May and June is one of the main causes of mortality of roe deer fawns in agricultural regions. Knowing the exact birth distribution of fawns is important to guide farmers in their pre‐mowing precautions to avoid fawn deaths.

Wildlife volunteers searching fields prior to mowing can act as citizen scientists by producing data sets of rescued fawns and their approximate age at find. However, due to weather‐dependent searches, the corresponding birth distributions can be highly skewed. We simulated virtual field data to examine the shortcomings of such data sources and introduced two algorithms for reconstructing reliable birth distribution parameters (mean and standard deviation) based on skewed samples.

We found that weather‐dependent search data biased the calculated means and standard deviations by up to 14 and 5 days, respectively. However, the use of the proposed advanced algorithms (Grid Search and Machine Learning) resulted in better estimates of the sample means and standard deviations by reducing the root‐mean‐square error by 65% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, the Grid Search algorithm was able to capture birth distribution parameters based on real citizen science data in Bavaria, Germany, from 2021, which are close to the results of more systematic samples of the same year.

The simulation exercise highlighted the shortcomings and discrepancies of using non‐probabilistic samples, for example on the occasion of mowing activities, to study demographic parameters compared to the true simulated distribution. Yet, the proposed algorithms can address these drawbacks and potentially turn citizen science data into an important data source for wildlife studies. This could ultimately help reduce wildlife losses during the mowing season by better knowing the distribution of births in a region.
Rational Design of Bioactive Hydrogels toward Periodontal Delivery: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Yin Yuanyuan , Yang Sihan , Ai Dongqing , Qin Han , Sun Yu , Xia Xuyun , Xu Xiaohui , Ji Wei , Song Jinlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPeriodontitis is a biofilm‐induced, host‐mediated inflammatory disease that results in periodontal tissue destruction. The design of functional biomaterials based on disease pathophysiology is essential for enhancing their therapeutic effects in periodontitis treatment. As promising localized drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds, hydrogels have gained significant interest for controlled and sustained release of bioactive agents in periodontal applications. The rational design of bioactive hydrogels can facilitate bacterial control and modulate destructive host inflammation, thereby preventing the progression of periodontitis. In this review, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying periodontitis as fundamental principles for the design of functional hydrogel systems are first introduced. In the following part, an overview is systematically provided of the types and functions of the bioactive hydrogel systems loaded with anti‐bacterial and anti‐inflammatory agents for periodontal delivery. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of hydrogel delivery systems for periodontal applications are proposed. It is believed that this review will inspire the rational design and development of innovative functional hydrogel biomaterials toward periodontal therapy.
Unraveling the Synergistic Mechanism of Bi‐Functional Nickel–Iron Phosphides Catalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Min , Zhai Huanhuan , Chen Libao , Mei Lin , Tan Pengfei , Yang Ke , Pan Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNi–Fe bimetallic electrocatalysts are expected to replace existing precious metal catalysts for water splitting and achieve industrial applications due to their high intrinsic activity and low cost. However, the mechanism by which Ni and Fe species synergistically enhance catalytic activity remains obscure, which still needs further in‐depth study. In this study, a highly active bi‐functional electrocatalyst of Ni2P/FeP heterostructures is constructed on Fe foam (Ni2P/FeP‐FF), clearly illustrating the effect of Ni on Fe species for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and revealing the true catalytic active phase for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The Ni2P/FeP‐FF only needs overpotentials of 217 and 42 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively, exhibiting superior bi‐functional activity for overall water splitting. The Ni can elevate the strength of FeO on Ni2P/FeP‐FF surface and promote the formation of high‐valence FeOOH phase during OER, thus enhancing OER performance. Based on first‐principles calculations and Raman characterizations, the Ni2P/Ni(OH)2 heterojunction evolved from Ni2P/FeP is identified as the real high active phase for HER. This study not only builds a near‐commercial bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, but also provides a deep insight for synergistic catalytic mechanism of Ni and Fe species.
Carbonization‐Temperature‐Dependent Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanofibers—From Nanoscale to Macroscale
Authors: Borowec Julian , Selmert Victor , Kretzschmar Ansgar , Fries Kai , Schierholz Roland , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Tempel Hermann , Hausen Florian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn exact understanding of the conductivity of individual fibers and their networks is crucial to tailor the overall macroscopic properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Therefore, microelectrical properties of CNF networks and nanoelectrical properties of individual CNFs, carbonized at temperatures from 600 to 1000 °C, are studied by means of conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM). At the microscale, the CNF networks show good electrical interconnections enabling a homogeneously distributed current flow. The network's homogeneity is underlined by the strong correlation of macroscopic conductivities, determined by the four‐point‐method, and microscopic results. Both, microscopic and macroscopic electrical properties, solely depend on the carbonization temperature and the exact resulting fiber structure. Strikingly, nanoscale high‐resolution current maps of individual CNFs reveal a large highly resistive surface fraction, representing a clear limitation. Highly resistive surface domains are either attributed to disordered highly resistive carbon structures at the surface or the absence of electron percolation paths in the bulk volume. With increased carbonization temperature, the conductive surface domains grow in size resulting in a higher conductivity. This work contributes to existing microstructural models of CNFs by extending them by electrical properties, especially electron percolation paths.
Efficient Solar Spectrum‐Like White‐Light Emission in Zinc‐Based Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides
Authors: He Shihui , Hao Shiqiang , Fan Liubing , Liu Kunjie , Cai Chuxin , Wolverton Christopher , Zhao Jing , Liu Quanlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) with high‐efficiency solar spectrum‐like emission are attracting broad and current interest. Here, five 0D Zn‐based hybrid halides are synthesized based on aromatic organic cations with different carbon‐chain lengths: C6H5CH2NH3+ (PMA+) and C6H5(CH2)4NH3+ (PBA+). (PMA)2ZnCl4 exhibits the highest photoluminescence quantum yield of 37.2% of reported Zn‐based white‐emission OIMHs. The emission spectrum of (PBA)2ZnI4 indicates a color rendering index of 98, which is the highest among single‐component white‐light‐emitting phosphors. Spectral characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the extremely broad emission of (PBA)2ZnI4 originates from the synergistic emission of organic cations and self‐trapped excitons. The optical properties of the obtained (PMA)2ZnBr4, (PMA)2ZnI4·H2O, and (PBA)2ZnCl4 are also characterized for comparison, and with the same organic cations, the PLQY decreases from chloride to bromide to iodide. This work demonstrates that the selection of appropriate organics and halogens can enable fine tuning of single‐component white‐light emission, satisfying varying needs for solid‐state lighting.
Solutions to the Challenges of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yu LePing , Xu Lyu , Shearer Cameron , Zhou XiaoHong , Lu Lu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe continuously increasing demands for energy storage devices for portable electronics and electric vehicles have aroused massive research interest in developing lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high energy density and long‐term stability. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), possessing numerous superior properties, are integrated into various components of LSBs for performance improvement. Nevertheless, a systematic and insightful issue‐based study of their inherent roles in addressing the practical challenges of LSBs is lacking. There is a growing consensus that CNTs do not directly contribute to the specific capacity (i.e., being involved in the redox reactions with electron loss/gain), while their auxiliary roles, such as providing a conductive and mechanically reinforced framework for active materials, are of prime significance in regulating the electrochemical reaction, charge transport, and mass transfer in the system. In this paper, after briefly introducing the working principles of LSBs and the promising applicability of CNTs, current challenges in various components of LSBs are discussed with the corresponding CNT‐based solutions, followed by an evaluation of the potential for commercializing CNT‐involved LSBs. Finally, some future research directions are provided to improve the device performance further.
Elevated PDGF‐BB from Bone Impairs Hippocampal Vasculature by Inducing PDGFRβ Shedding from Pericytes
Authors: Liu Guanqiao , Wang Jiekang , Wei Zhiliang , Fang Ching‐Lien , Shen Ke , Qian Cheng , Qi Cheng , Li Tong , Gao Peisong , Wong Philip C. , Lu Hanzhang , Cao Xu , Wan Mei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests a unique association between bone aging and neurodegenerative/cerebrovascular disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying bone‐brain interplay remain elusive. Here platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) produced by preosteoclasts in bone is reported to promote age‐associated hippocampal vascular impairment. Aberrantly elevated circulating PDGF‐BB in aged mice and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐challenged mice correlates with capillary reduction, pericyte loss, and increased blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability in their hippocampus. Preosteoclast‐specific Pdgfb transgenic mice with markedly high plasma PDGF‐BB concentration faithfully recapitulate the age‐associated hippocampal BBB impairment and cognitive decline. Conversely, preosteoclast‐specific Pdgfb knockout mice have attenuated hippocampal BBB impairment in aged mice or HFD‐challenged mice. Persistent exposure of brain pericytes to high concentrations of PDGF‐BB upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14), which promotes ectodomain shedding of PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) from pericyte surface. MMP inhibitor treatment alleviates hippocampal pericyte loss and capillary reduction in the conditional Pdgfb transgenic mice and antagonizes BBB leakage in aged mice. The findings establish the role of bone‐derived PDGF‐BB in mediating hippocampal BBB disruption and identify the ligand‐induced PDGFRβ shedding as a feedback mechanism for age‐associated PDGFRβ downregulation and the consequent pericyte loss.
Novel Composite Separators Based on Heterometallic Metal‐Organic Frameworks Improve the Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Wen , Shen Li , Lu Xing , Han Jianming , Geng Nankun , Lai Chunyan , Xu Qunjie , Peng Yiting , Min YuLin , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe separator is an essential component of lithium‐ion batteries as it affects ion transport and safety performance. Herein, a novel class of separators fabricated from poly(vinyl alcohol) and heterometallic metal‐organic frameworks, which affords a higher density of open bimetal sites, stronger complexation with anions, more porous structure, and enhanced thermal stability and electrolyte wettability is reported. The adoption of such separators substantially increases lithium‐ion conductivity and lithium‐ion transference number, leading to batteries with prolonged lifespan, improved low‐temperature performance, and enhanced rate performance.
Manipulating the Polytellurides of Metallic Telluride for Ultra‐Stable Potassium‐Ion Storage: A Case Study of Carbon‐Confined CoTe2 Nanofibers
Authors: Li Qinghua , Peng Jian , Zhang Wei , Wang Lixiang , Liang Zhixin , Wang Gaoyu , Wu Jiawei , Fan Wenbo , Li Haixia , Wang Jiazhao , Huang Shaoming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransition metal tellurides (TMTes) are promising anode materials for high energy density potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high electronic conductivity and high theoretical volumetric capacity. Most reported TMTes electrodes have limited lifespans, however, in this work, for the first time, it is revealed that the dissolution and shuttling effect of polytellurides (K5Te3 and K2Te) are the key reasons for the rapid deterioration of cycling stability in TMTe‐based conversion‐ and alloy‐type anodes. In light of this, a dual‐type N‐doped carbon‐confined CoTe2 composite material (CoTe2@NPCNFs@NC, where NPCNFs stands for N‐doped porous carbon nanofibers and NC represents N‐doped porous carbon) is proposed to suppress the dissolution and shuttle effect of polytellurides, which boosts the cycling stability up to 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Furthermore, various in situ and ex situ techniques and theoretical calculations are employed to systematically clarify the formation and transformation of polytellurides and to reveal the good physical confinement of the dual‐type carbon and the strong chemisorption of pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N on K5Te3 and K2Te. This work highlights the important role of manipulating polytelluride in the design of long‐lifespan TMTe anodes for advanced PIBs.
Effects of Electrolyte Ionic Species on Electrocatalytic Reactions: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Lu Xinxin , Tu Wenguang , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrolytes have a profound impact on the chemical environment of electrocatalysis, influencing the reaction rate and selectivity of products. Experimental and theoretical studies have extensively investigated the interaction mechanisms between electrolyte ions (i.e., alkali metal cations, carbonate anions) and reactants or the catalyst surface in electrocatalytic reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, water oxidation reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction. Past studies have demonstrated a noticeable dependence of electrochemical reaction activity and selectivity on the identity of electrolyte ions. However, few overviews have comprehensively and specifically discussed the effects of electrolyte cations and anions on common electrochemical reactions. In order to clarify and give more insights on this research area, this review aims to summarize and highlight recent progress in understanding the effects of various electrolyte ionic species and their influence mechanisms in diverse electrocatalytic reactions for water splitting, H2O2 production, and CO2 reduction. The challenges and perspectives on the effect of electrolyte ions in electrocatalysis are also presented.
Active SnO2 Crystal Planes Enable Efficient and Ultra‐Bendable n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells with Record Certificated Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Yang Yingguo , Yang Lifeng , Feng Shanglei , Niu Yingchun , Li Xiaoxi , Cheng Liwei , Li Lina , Qin Wenming , Wang Tingting , Xu Quan , Dong Hua , Lu Haizhou , Qin Tianshi , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) electron transport layer (ETL) has been widely employed to fabricate high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It has been reported that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can be used to enhance electron mobility of SnO2. However, an in‐depth understanding of the driving force in this process is still lacking. Here, a high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF‐STEM) is employed, for the first time, to reveal the SnO2 crystal face changes with one new type of CQD doping. Synchrotron‐based grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) can penetrate the flexible substrate to detect the buried region of the perovskite layer, showing the crystallinity and phase purity of the perovskite are significantly improved with CQD‐modified SnO2. The flexible n‐i‐p PSCs delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 23.57% (22.75%, certificated), which is one of the highest values for single‐junction n‐i‐p flexible PSCs. The corresponding n‐i‐p flexible modules achieve a PCE of 17.79% with aperture area ~ 24 cm2. Furthermore, the flexible PSCs show excellent stability, preserving ≈95% of their initial efficiency after 1200 h under 40% relative humidity and 1‐sun light irradiation at 25 °C, and maintained > 90% of initial efficiency after 2500 bending cycles at a bending radius of 6 mm.
Chinese expert consensus on prevention and intervention for elderly with sarcopenia (2023)
Authors: Cui Hua , Wang Zhaohui , Wu Jianqing , Liu Ying , Zheng Jin , Xiao Wenkai , He Ping , Zhou Yun , Wang Jianye , Yu Pulin , Zhang Cuntai , Wu Jinhui ,   Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association
Published: April 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is the age‐related loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or physical function. It is most common in elderly individuals. Due to its high incidence, insidious onset, and extensive impact on the body, it has a huge impact on the family medical burden and the social public health expenditure in China. The understanding of sarcopenia in China is still lacking, and the recommendations for prevention, control, and intervention are not clear and unified. The purpose of this consensus report is to standardize the prevention, control, and intervention methods for sarcopenia in elderly patients in China; improve the efficacy of intervention; reduce complications during the intervention process; and reduce the risk of falls, fractures, disability, hospitalization, and even death in elderly individuals.
An efficient method for spatiotemporally resolved aerosol flow modeling: Discrete migration and GPU acceleration
Authors: Shang Cheng , Su Zhijing , He Song , Xu Zuwei , Kruis Frank Einar , Zhao Haibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDescribing spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of dispersed systems using the population balance equation (PBE), examples including sectional and moment methods are fraught with numerous issues. Hence, this study develops an accurate method by combining computational fluid dynamics and population balance‐Monte Carlo method (CFD‐PBMC) with a moderate computational cost. An efficient sub‐model for particle migration was proposed to simulate the convection and diffusion processes of particulate flows. A graphics processing unit (GPU)‐based parallel computation was performed to accelerate the high‐dimensional CFD‐PBMC. Several classical cases with analytical or benchmark solutions were simulated, and a comprehensive comparison was made using the classical weighted random walk method. Good agreements were obtained, except in the case of radial migration, the reasons for which are explained in detail. The measured speedups on the GPU showed a factor of ~450 for pure migration and ~50 for the CFD‐PBMC method when compared with a standard high‐performance computer.
De novo RANBP2 variant in a fetal demise case with cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage
Authors: Meroni Anna , Kalantari Silvia , Arossa Alessia , Spinillo Arsenio , Melito Chiara , Scatigno Annachiara Licia , Cesari Stefania , Giorgio Elisa , Furione Milena , Homfray Tessa , Sirchia Fabio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFetal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may result from a wide array of causes, either associated with maternal or fetal risk factors. In the last decade, monogenic causes of susceptibility to fetal ICH have been described, in particular in association with COL4A1 and COL4A2 genes. A peculiar form of ICH is acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE), which is characterized by a rapid‐onset severe encephalopathy following an abnormal inflammatory response to an otherwise banal infection. It usually affects healthy children and it is thought to be multifactorial, with a genetic predisposition. RANBP2 gene has been extensively associated with ANE susceptibility. We hereby present a unique case of a 42‐year‐old secundigravida with intrauterine fetal demise at 35 weeks of gestation. Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing performed on both parents and fetal DNA showed a de novo likely pathogenic variant in the RANBP2 gene on 2q13. At the fetal autopsy, subtentorial hematoma and cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage were present. We speculate that this might be a new phenotypic presentation of RANBP2‐associated disease. However, more similar fetal cases need to be reported in order to reinforce this hypothesis.