bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Reduced Order Models Using Invariant Foliations, Manifolds and Autoencoders
Authors: Szalai Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how to identify a reduced order model (ROM) from a physical system. A ROM captures an invariant subset of the observed dynamics. We find that there are four ways a physical system can be related to a mathematical model: invariant foliations, invariant manifolds, autoencoders and equation-free models. Identification of invariant manifolds and equation-free models require closed-loop manipulation of the system. Invariant foliations and autoencoders can also use off-line data. Only invariant foliations and invariant manifolds can identify ROMs, and the rest identify complete models. Therefore, the common case of identifying a ROM from existing data can only be achieved using invariant foliations. Finding an invariant foliation requires approximating high-dimensional functions. For function approximation, we use polynomials with compressed tensor coefficients, whose complexity increases linearly with increasing dimensions. An invariant manifold can also be found as the fixed leaf of a foliation. This only requires us to resolve the foliation in a small neighbourhood of the invariant manifold, which greatly simplifies the process. Combining an invariant foliation with the corresponding invariant manifold provides an accurate ROM. We analyse the ROM in case of a focus type equilibrium, typical in mechanical systems. The nonlinear coordinate system defined by the invariant foliation or the invariant manifold distorts instantaneous frequencies and damping ratios, which we correct. Through examples we illustrate the calculation of invariant foliations and manifolds and at the same time show that Koopman eigenfunctions and autoencoders fail to capture accurate ROMs under the same conditions.
Lattice-Boltzmann LES modelling of a full-scale, biogas-mixed anaerobic digester
Authors: Dapelo Davide , Kummerländer Adrian , Krause Mathias J. , Bridgeman John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn Euler–Lagrange multicomponent, non-Newtonian Lattice-Boltzmann method is applied for the first time to model a full-scale gas-mixed anaerobic digester for wastewater treatment. Rheology is modelled through a power-law model and, for the first time in gas-mixed anaerobic digestion modelling, turbulence is modelled through a Smagorinsky Large Eddy Simulation model. The hydrodynamics of the digester is studied by analysing flow and viscosity patterns, and assessing the degree of mixing through the Uniformity Index method. Results show independence from the grid size and the number of Lagrangian substeps employed for the Lagrangian sub-grid simulation model. Flow patterns are shown to depend mildly on the choice of bubble size, but not the asymptotic degree of mixing. Numerical runs of the model are compared to previous results in the literature, from a second-ordered Finite-Volume Method approach, and demonstrate an improvement, compared to literature data, of 1000-fold computational efficiency, massive parallelizability and much finer attainable spatial resolution. Whilst previous research concluded that the application of LES to full-scale anaerobic digestion mixing is unfeasible because of high computational expense, the increase in computational efficiency demonstrated here, now makes LES a feasible option to industries and consultancies.
Risk of visual axis opacification in infants with and without primary IOL implantation after congenital cataract surgery performed during the first 4 months of age
Authors: Hložánek Martin , Cilečková Lenka , Alió Jorge L. , Autrata Rudolf , Zelenayová Nina , Komínek Martin , Cendelín Jiří , Mahelková Gabriela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The study evaluates the rate of postoperative formation of a pupillary membrane (PM) and posterior visual axis opacification (PVAO) in infants with and without primary IOL implantation during the first 4 months of infancy.

Methods
Medical records for 144 eyes (101 infants) operated between 2005 and 2014 were evaluated. A posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy were performed. Primary IOL implantation was performed in 68 eyes, while 76 eyes were left aphakic. There were 16 bilateral cases in the pseudophakic group and 27 in the aphakic group. The follow-up period was 54.3 ± 21.05 months and 49.1 ± 18.60 months, respectively. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. The two-sample t-test with equal variance was used to compare surgery age, follow-up period and time intervals of complications.

Results
The mean age of surgery was 2.1 ± 0.85 months in the pseudophakic and 2.2 ± 1.01 months in the aphakic group. PM was diagnosed in 40% pseudophakic and 7% aphakic eyes. A second surgery for PVAO was performed in 72% pseudophakic and 16% aphakic eyes. Both were significantly higher in the pseudophakic group. In the pseudophakic group, the number of PVAO was significantly higher in infants operated before 8 weeks of age compared to surgery age 9–16 weeks. The frequency of PM was not age-dependent.

Conclusion
Although it remains feasible to implant an IOL during the primary surgery, even in very young infants, there should always be solid arguments for this decision since it puts the child at higher risk of repeated surgeries under general anaesthesia.
Dehydrogenation of dicyclohexylamine in gaseous phase over a nickel catalyst: effect of reaction parameters
Authors: Valeš Roman , Krupka Jiří 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work deals with a study of the effect of reaction temperature and partial pressure of hydrogen on the product selectivity of the gas-phase dehydrogenation of dicyclohexylamine. Laboratory experiments of dicyclohexylamine dehydrogenation were performed in a glass tubular flow-through reactor with the use of commercial supported nickel Ni/Cr2O3-SiO2 catalyst. The systematic variation in reaction temperature (433–463 K) and partial pressure of hydrogen, i.e. the molar ratio of dicyclohexylamine to H2 and N2 (1:0:30–1:15:0), was used to investigate the dehydrogenation of dicyclohexylamine from the perspective of the formation of products. It was confirmed that the major products of dicyclohexylamine dehydrogenation are imine N-cyclohexylidenecyclohexanamine and aromatic amine N-phenylcyclohexylamine, while the latter is the dominant product. The sequential hydrogenolysis reaction of N-phenylcyclohexylamine was observed to result in the formation of cyclohexylamine and benzene. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentration of the other six products was observed. The mass spectrometry detection identified these products as N-butylcyclohexanamine, N-pentylcyclohexanamine, N-isopentylcyclohexanamine, N-(2-methylbutyl)cyclohexanamine, N-cyclopentylcyclohexanamine, and N-(3-methylcyclopentyl)cyclohexanamine. The reaction results in the formation of two dehydrogenation products, which are accompanied by other subsequent reactions, such as hydrogenolysis, isomerization, and cyclization.
Graphical abstract
Vestibuloplasty and its impact on the long-term survival and success of dental implants in irradiated and non-irradiated patients after head and neck tumor therapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Wüster Jonas , Sachse Claudia , Sachse Christian , Rendenbach Carsten , Wagendorf Oliver , Vach Kirstin , Preissner Saskia , Heiland Max , Nelson Katja , Nahles Susanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of vestibuloplasty on the clinical success and survival of dental implants in head and neck tumor patients.

Materials and methods
A retrospective single-center study was conducted. All patients received surgical therapy of a tumor in the head or neck and underwent surgical therapy and, if necessary, radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy. Patients with compromised soft tissue conditions received vestibuloplasty using a split thickness skin graft and an implant-retained splint. Implant survival and success and the influence of vestibuloplasty, gender, radiotherapy, and localizations were evaluated.

Results
A total of 247 dental implants in 49 patients (18 women and 31 men; mean age of 63.6 years) were evaluated. During the observation period, 6 implants were lost. The cumulative survival rate was 99.1% after 1 year and 3 years and 93.1% after 5 years for patients without vestibuloplasty, compared to a survival and success rate of 100% after 5 years in patients with vestibuloplasty. Additionally, patients with vestibuloplasty showed significantly lower peri-implant bone resorption rates after 5 years (mesial: p = 0.003; distal: p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a high cumulative survival and success rate of dental implants after 5 years in head and neck tumor patients, irrespective of irradiation. Patients with vestibuloplasty showed a significantly higher rate of implant survival and significantly lower peri-implant bone resorption after 5 years.

Clinical relevance
Vestibuloplasty should always be considered and applied if required by the anatomical situations to achieve high implant survival/success rates in head and neck tumor patients.
Virtual and real ATM use performance in patients with acquired brain injury and healthy controls
Authors: Oliveira Jorge , Gamito Pedro , Pereira Rita , Salvador Ágata , Bourbon-Teles José , Dias Fábio , Galhordas João , Fantasia António 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe acquired brain injuries (ABI) have consequences that affect the patients’ autonomy, particularly regarding activities of daily living (ADL). To reduce the impact that these changes will have on the patient’s life, it is important to develop diversified tasks with which individuals can train and improve their impaired abilities and strengthen those that are preserved. Therefore, this study aimed to validate a virtual ATM (Automated Teller Machine) task to be used to train patients with cognitive impairments. The sample consisted of 34 participants with ABI and 66 healthy controls. These participants performed the task either virtually or with a real ATM. Beyond revealing that the type of environment did not influence task performance, the results showed a relationship between the results of cognitive screening measures and the time to complete the task, in which participants with the lowest results had worse performance in the task. Also, the virtual ATM was more sensitive in discriminating the clinical group than the real task.
Fast but approximate homomorphic k-means based on masking technique
Authors: Rovida Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays, computing on encrypted data seems to be more practical than a few years ago, thanks to the emergence of new Homomorphic Encryption schemes. In this paper, an algorithm based on Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers (Cheon et al., in: Takagi, Peyrin (eds) Advances in cryptology—ASIACRYPT 2017, Springer, Cham, pp 409–437, 2017) (HEAAN, or also CKKS) scheme, that is able to perform a secure k-means algorithm which processes encrypted data, has been studied and presented. The performance of the classifier running on encrypted data has been evaluated using a standard k-means algorithm that works on plain data as a supervised structure, since the results are obtained by approximated computations. The main point of this paper is to take existent theoretical techniques (for example approximations of $$\text {sgn}(x)$$

sgn
(
x
)

), to use them and to observe if they are valid in practical applications. The output of the algorithm is a set of k encrypted masks that can be applied to the original dataset in order to obtain different clusters. The setting is a standard client–server one. The workload is heavily server-centric, as the client only has to execute a light masking algorithm at the end of each iteration, which, excluding the decryption, is faster than a plain k-means iteration; the main disadvantage concerns the accuracy of the results. Experiments show that the algorithm can be executed fairly quickly: the execution time of the training phase is on the order of seconds, while classification is on the order of tenths of a second.
A modeling approach to identify academically resilient students: evidence from PIRLS 2016
Authors: Johansson Stefan , Yang Hansen Kajsa , Thorsen Cecilia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn studies of academic resilience, the concept is typically operationalized by pre-defined cutoff values of students’ achievement level and their social background. A threat to the validity of such arbitrary operationalizations is that students around the cutoff values may be misclassified. The main objective of the current study is to apply a modeling approach to identify academically resilient students. Data come from the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study 2016. The primary method used was latent profile analysis. The study demonstrates that it is possible to identify a group of academically resilient students using a set of variables indicating achievement level and protective factors. Even though results suggest that academically resilient students have higher reading achievement compared to other less-advantaged students, it is evident that they have higher interest and confidence in reading than the non-resilient groups. A sensitivity analysis for other countries indicated similar results. Implications stemming from the results are discussed.
Impact of performance and information feedback on medical interns' confidence–accuracy calibration
Authors: Staal J. , Katarya K. , Speelman M. , Brand R. , Alsma J. , Sloane J. , Van den Broek W. W. , Zwaan L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiagnostic errors are a major, largely preventable, patient safety concern. Error interventions cannot feasibly be implemented for every patient that is seen. To identify cases at high risk of error, clinicians should have a good calibration between their perceived and actual accuracy. This experiment studied the impact of feedback on medical interns’ calibration and diagnostic process. In a two-phase experiment, 125 medical interns from Dutch University Medical Centers were randomized to receive no feedback (control), feedback on their accuracy (performance feedback), or feedback with additional information on why a certain diagnosis was correct (information feedback) on 20 chest X-rays they diagnosed in a feedback phase. A test phase immediately followed this phase and had all interns diagnose an additional 10 X-rays without feedback. Outcome measures were confidence–accuracy calibration, diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and time to diagnose. Both feedback types improved overall confidence–accuracy calibration (R2No Feedback = 0.05, R2Performance Feedback = 0.12, R2Information Feedback = 0.19), in line with the individual improvements in diagnostic accuracy and confidence. We also report secondary analyses to examine how case difficulty affected calibration. Time to diagnose did not differ between conditions. Feedback improved interns’ calibration. However, it is unclear whether this improvement reflects better confidence estimates or an improvement in accuracy. Future research should examine more experienced participants and non-visual specialties. Our results suggest that feedback is an effective intervention that could be beneficial as a tool to improve calibration, especially in cases that are not too difficult for learners.
Analyzing countries’ performances within the international student mobility program over time
Authors: Breznik Kristijan , Restaino Marialuisa , Vitale Maria Prosperina , Ragozini Giancarlo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon of internationalization is a priority for higher education institutions. The Erasmus program is the cornerstone of their internationalization strategy, bringing benefits for student recruitment and career outcomes, as well as for staff expertise. Within this scenario, our contribution aims to analyze the performance of European education systems in terms of learning mobility between countries from a longitudinal perspective. International student mobility is analyzed in the context of the Erasmus programs over twelve years in order to compare international mobility trajectories between European countries in terms of quantitative benchmarking and to identify the factors that may influence a country’s performance in terms of its role in mobility network exchanges. A mixed analytical strategy of analysis was adopted, combining exploratory and confirmatory approaches from a network perspective. Centrality indices and network modeling are computed to compare countries’ performances and factors affecting mobility patterns in higher education systems. The main findings can offer policy suggestions for universities in order to improve the quality of their international services.
Proliferating particle surface area via microbial decay has profound consequences for remineralisation rate: a new approach to modelling the degradation of sinking detritus in the ocean
Authors: Anderson Thomas R. , Gentleman Wendy C. , Cael B. B. , Hirschi Joël J.-M. , Eastwood Robert L. , Mayor Daniel J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSinking detritus particles in the ocean help to regulate global climate by transporting organic carbon into deep waters where it is sequestered from the atmosphere. The rate at which bacteria remineralise detritus influences how deep particles sink and the length-scale of carbon sequestration. Conventional marine biogeochemical models typically represent particles as smooth spheres where remineralisation causes surface area (SA) to progressively shrink over time. In contrast, we propose that particle SA increases during degradation as microbial ectoenzymes cause a roughening of surfaces in a process similar to acid etching on previously smooth glass or metal surfaces. This concept is investigated using a novel model, SAMURAI (Surface Area Modelling Using Rubik As Inspiration), in which the biomass of individual particles is represented as a 3D matrix of cubical sub-units that degrades by progressive removal of sub-units that have faces in contact with the external environment. The model rapidly generates microscale rugosity (roughness) that profoundly increases total SA, giving rise to biomass-specific remineralisation rates that are approximately double those of conventional models. Faster remineralisation means less carbon penetrates the ocean’s interior, diminishing carbon sequestration in deep waters. Results indicate that both SA and microbial remineralisation are highly dynamic, as well as exhibiting large variability associated with particles of different porosities. Our work highlights the need for further studies, both observational and modelling, to investigate particle SA and related microbial dynamics in order to reliably represent the role of ocean biology in global biogeochemical models.
Electroencephalography-Derived Functional Connectivity in Sensorimotor Networks in Post Stroke Fatigue
Authors: Wu Chi-Hsu , De Doncker William , Kuppuswamy Annapoorna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Poor suppression of anticipated sensory information from muscle contractions is thought to underlie high fatigue. Such diminished task-related sensory attenuation is reflected in resting state connectivity. Here we test the hypothesis ‘altered electroencephalography (EEG)-derived functional connectivity in somatosensory network in the beta band, is a signature of fatigue in post-stroke fatigue’.

Methods
In non-depressed, minimally impaired stroke survivors (n = 29), with median disease duration of 5 years, resting state neuronal activity was measured using 64-channel EEG. Graph theory-based network analysis measure of functional connectivity via small-world index (SW) was calculated focusing on right and left motor (Brodmann areas 4, 6, 8, 9, 24 and 32) and sensory (Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 40 and 43) networks, in the beta (13–30 Hz) frequency range. Fatigue was measured using Fatigue Severity Scale - FSS (Stroke), with scores of > 4, defined as high fatigue.

Results
Results confirmed the working hypothesis, with high fatigue stroke survivors showing higher small-worldness in the somatosensory networks when compared to low fatigue.

Conclusion
High levels of small-worldness in somatosensory networks indicates altered processing of somesthetic input. Such altered processing would explain high effort perception within the sensory attenuation model of fatigue.
Diet and lifestyle in relation to small intestinal cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Ersoy Guller Zeynep , Harewood Rhea N. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Huybrechts Inge , Jenab Mazda , Huerta José María , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Jakszyn Paula , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Agnoli Claudia , Tumino Rosario , Palli Domenico , Skeie Guri , Manjer Jonas , Papier Keren , Tjønneland Anne , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Schulze Matthias B. , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Bergmann Manuela M. , Riboli Elio , Gunter Marc J. , Cross Amanda J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The incidence of small intestinal cancer (SIC) is increasing, however, its aetiology remains unclear due to a lack of data from large-scale prospective cohorts. We examined modifiable risk factors in relation to SIC overall and by histological subtype.

Methods
We analysed 450,107 participants enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate univariable and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
During an average of 14.1 years of follow-up, 160 incident SICs (62 carcinoids, 51 adenocarcinomas) were identified. Whilst univariable models revealed a positive association for current versus never smokers and SIC (HR, 95% CI: 1.77, 1.21–2.60), this association attenuated in multivariable models. In energy-adjusted models, there was an inverse association across vegetable intake tertiles for SIC overall (HRT3vsT1, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.32–0.71, p-trend: < 0.001) and for carcinoids (HRT3vsT1, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.24–0.82, p-trend: 0.01); however, these attenuated in multivariable models. Total fat was also inversely associated with total SIC and both subtypes but only in the second tertile (SIC univariable HRT2vsT1, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.38–0.84; SIC multivariable HRT2vsT1, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.37–0.81). Physical activity, intake of alcohol, red or processed meat, dairy products, or fibre were not associated with SIC.

Conclusion
These exploratory analyses found limited evidence for a role of modifiable risk factors in SIC aetiology. However, sample size was limited, particularly for histologic subtypes; therefore, larger studies are needed to delineate these associations and robustly identify risk factors for SIC.
A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of how corruption, education, inequality and trust in parliament affect voter-turnout
Authors: Cruz José N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article empirically examines whether corruption, education, inequality, and trust in parliament affect voter turnout in countries that are members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Specifically, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is used to determine whether these factors (individually or in combination) are necessary or sufficient conditions for high or low voter turnout. To date, this method has never been applied to the study of voter turnout and this study attempts to fill this gap. The main conclusion is that corruption harms democracy by lowering voter turnout. The analysis also provides evidence that trust in parliament affects political participation and that the persistence of low educational attainment in a country, together with high inequality, is a sufficient condition for low turnout. Overall, the results suggest the importance of fighting corruption for citizen participation in democracy. They also show that measures to increase turnout should combine improvements in democratic institutions, education, and distributive justice.