bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cremation Permit Review and COVID-19 Death Certificates
Authors: Prahlow Joseph A. , VanderVeen Madeline H. , Storer John D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Data derived from death certificates (DCs) is an important resource for mortality statistics, disease surveillance, and the creation of public health policies. This study involved the review of COVID-19 DCs occurring during the normal course of DC review for cremation approval purposes in a medical examiner office. During the review process since the occurrence of the pandemic, it was noticed that a significant percentage of COVID-19 DCs being reviewed did not include any comorbid conditions as contributing to death, despite reports, both within the medical literature and within the media, that suggested that most deaths occur in people with known risk factors. The study involved medical record review for COVID-19 DCs that did not list any comorbid conditions. The results indicated that a vast majority of such cases did, in fact, have significant comorbid conditions, such that they should have been listed on the DCs.
Autosomal Recessive ACTG2-Related Visceral Myopathy in Brothers
Authors: Mori Mari , Clause Amanda R. , Truxal Kristen , Hagelstrom R. Tanner , Manickam Kandamurugu , Kaler Stephen G. , Prasad Vinay , Windster Jonathan , Alves Maria M. , Di Lorenzo Carlo 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by impaired gastrointestinal propulsion, a broad clinical spectrum, and variable severity. Several molecular bases underlying primary PIPO have been identified, of which autosomal dominant ACTG2-related visceral myopathy is the most common in both familial or sporadic primary PIPO cases. We present a family with autosomal recessive ACTG2-related disease in which both parents have mild gastrointestinal symptoms and sons have severe PIPO and bladder dysfunction.

Methods:
Clinical genome sequencing was performed on the patients and the mother. Immunohistochemistry was performed on intestinal tissue from the patients to show expression levels of the ACTG2.

Results:
Genome sequencing identified a 6.8 kb 2p13.1 loss that includes the ACTG2 gene and a maternally inherited missense variant p.Val10Met in the ACTG2 gene.

Discussion:
This case demonstrates that monoallelic hypomorphic ACTG2 variants may underly mild primary gastrointestinal symptoms, while biallelic mild variants can cause severe diseases. The Deletions of the noncoding ACTG2 exon can be an under-recognized cause of mild gastrointestinal symptoms unidentifiable by exome sequencing, explaining some instances of interfamilial variability with an apparent autosomal dominant inheritance. Genome sequencing is recommended as a genetic work-up for primary or idiopathic PIPO because of genetic heterogeneity.
Infectious Etiology of Vomiting in Children With Presumed Acute Gastroenteritis in the Absence of Diarrhea: Protocol for a Cohort Study
Authors: Cepińska Aleksandra , Kołodziej Maciej , Podsiadły Edyta , Szajewska Hania 
Published: January 2023

Registration number:
NCT05270291, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/

Objectives:
In children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), vomiting often precedes diarrhea. To establish the diagnosis of AGE, enteropathogen detection typically relies on diarrheal stool samples. However, testing requires sufficient stool sample, which may not be easily available. Recent studies suggest that in children presenting to emergency departments with presumed AGE with isolated vomiting, an enteropathogen can be identified using rectal swabs and molecular diagnostic tests. The rate of enteropathogen detection in children with isolated vomiting due to AGE may differ in various populations. Using rectal swabs and molecular diagnostic tests, we plan to assess the proportion of children with isolated vomiting with presumed AGE in whom an enteropathogen can be identified.

Methods:
This will be a cohort study conducted in the emergency department(s) of one or more pediatric hospital(s) in Poland. Children younger than 5 years with the presence of ≥3 episodes of vomiting due to presumed AGE, lasting no longer than 7 days before enrollment, will be recruited. The primary outcome will be the proportion of children with isolated vomiting in whom an enteropathogen is detected. In all eligible participants, rectal swabs will be taken to perform molecular testing for detection of typical viral and bacterial enteropathogens. All children will be followed-up at 14 days after the initial contact to classify them into one of three groups (i.e., vomiting only, vomiting and diarrhea, and diarrhea only).
Leveraging Electronic Health Record Data for Timely Chronic Disease Surveillance: The Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance
Authors: Hohman Katherine H. , Martinez Amanda K. , Klompas Michael , Kraus Emily M. , Li Wenjun , Carton Thomas W. , Cocoros Noelle M. , Jackson Sandra L. , Karras Bryant Thomas , Wiltz Jennifer L. , Wall Hilary K. 
Published: January 2023

Context:
Electronic health record (EHR) data can potentially make chronic disease surveillance more timely, actionable, and sustainable. Although use of EHR data can address numerous limitations of traditional surveillance methods, timely surveillance data with broad population coverage require scalable systems. This report describes implementation, challenges, and lessons learned from the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS) to help inform how others work with EHR data to develop distributed networks for surveillance.

Program:
Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), MENDS is a data modernization demonstration project that aims to develop a timely national chronic disease sentinel surveillance system using EHR data. It facilitates partnerships between data contributors (health information exchanges, other data aggregators) and data users (state and local health departments). MENDS uses query and visualization software to track local emerging trends. The program also uses statistical and geospatial methods to generate prevalence estimates of chronic disease risk measures at the national and local levels. Resulting data products are designed to inform public health practice and improve the health of the population.

Implementation:
MENDS includes 5 partner sites that leverage EHR data from 91 health system and clinic partners and represents approximately 10 million patients across the United States. Key areas of implementation include governance, partnerships, technical infrastructure and support, chronic disease algorithms and validation, weighting and modeling, and workforce education for public health data users.

Discussion:
MENDS presents a scalable distributed network model for implementing national chronic disease surveillance that leverages EHR data. Priorities as MENDS matures include producing prevalence estimates at various geographic and subpopulation levels, developing enhanced data sharing and interoperability capacity using international data standards, scaling the network to improve coverage nationally and among underrepresented geographic areas and subpopulations, and expanding surveillance of additional chronic disease measures and social determinants of health.
Community Health Improvement Plans and Physical Activity Implementation Strategies: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Survey of US Local Health Departments
Authors: Lightner Joseph S. , Ziegler Nancy , Gardiner Kelsey , Collie-Akers Vicki 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) are a foundational public health practice conducted by every accredited health department in the United States. Community Health Improvement Plans may impact community-wide physical activity (PA) by implementing large-scale interventions. However, no studies have evaluated whether, or how, CHIP goals focusing on increasing PA are implemented. This study aims to understand CHIP PA goals, implementation strategies, and implementation outcomes of CHIP nationally.

Design:
This study was a cross-sectional online survey of CHIP implementation.

Setting:
A random sample of accredited local health departments nationally.

Participants:
Local health departments (N = 44) were invited to participate in this study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Constructs from Proctor's Model of Implementation Research and implementation strategies were the main outcomes assessed.

Results:
Most CHIPs included PA goals (72.7%). Goals most commonly focused on changing built environment and infrastructure (25.9%), increasing education and awareness (22.2%), increasing PA programming (18.5%), and partnering with health care (18.5%). Common implementation strategies used were designing and evaluating their CHIPs (72.7%) and developing relationships with stakeholders (72.7%). Respondents reported that CHIPS were able to be adopted, acceptable for the community, and feasible. Community Health Improvement Plans were also reported to be safe, yet respondents reported effectiveness lower than other constructs. Participants reported that individual-level PA was unlikely to change due to their CHIP (mean = 3.39, SD = 1.12).

Conclusions:
Overall, it seems that communities are choosing easily adopted, appropriate, feasible, and safe interventions that may be less effective over those that may produce large-scale improvement in PA behavior. Future research needs to be conducted on the process of CHIP implementation and the potential long-term outcomes. Community Health Improvement Plans may serve as a powerful tool to improve population health if implemented effectively.
Outcomes for Hospitalized Aggressive and Violent Patients When Physical Restraints Are Introduced
Authors: Harris Ché Matthew , Gupta Ishaan , Beydoun Hind , Wright Scott Mitchell 
Published: January 2023

Background
Hospital outcomes among patients acting aggressively or violently have not been extensively studied in the United States.

Objectives
The aims of the study are to determine rates of physical restraint use among hospitalized patients who are aggressive/violent and to characterize associations with mortality and utilization metrics.

Design/Setting/Participants
National Inpatient Sample databases from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed with multivariable regression to compare aggressive/violent patients in whom physical restraints were or were not used.

Measures
Prevalence of physical restraint use, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges were measures.

Results
A total of 40,309 hospitalized patients were coded as having aggressive/violent behavior, of whom 4475 (11.1%) were physically restrained. Physically restrained patients were younger (mean age ± standard error, 42.6 ± 0.64 versus 45.7± 0.41; P < 0.01), more frequently male (71.0% versus 65.4%; P < 0.01), and had less comorbidity (Charlson Index score >3: 7.9% versus 12.5%; P < 0.01) than unrestrained patients. Patients with physical restraints had higher odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4, confidence interval [CI], 1.0–5.7; P = 0.04) and lower odds of being discharged to home (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; CI, 0.38–0.56; P < 0.01) compared with unrestrained patients. Longer hospital stays (adjusted mean difference, 4.1 days CI, 2.1–6.0; P < 0.01) and higher hospitalization charges (adjusted mean difference, $16,996; CI, 6883–27,110; P < 0.01) were observed for those who were physically restrained.

Conclusions
Physically restrained aggressive/violent patients had worse in-hospital outcomes compared with their unrestrained counterparts. Avoiding physical restraints whenever possible should be considered when managing this confrontational yet vulnerable patient population. When restraints are needed, providers must thoughtfully bear in mind heightened risks for worse outcomes.
A Persistent Left-Sided Superior Vena Cava Detected on a O-15-H2O PET/CT of the Heart
Authors: Overgaard David Lyse , Tolbod Lars Poulsen , Gormsen Lars Christian , Madsen Michael Alle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A persistent left-sided superior vena cava (PLSVC) is an uncommon finding with a prevalence of up to 0.5% in the general population. The PLSVC appears when the left anterior cardinal vein fails to regress as the ligament of Marshall during embryologic development. It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally; however, its recognition is important because it might complicate invasive cardiovascular procedures. In this case, we report an incidental finding of a PLSVC detected on the O-15-H2O PET/CT of a patient who was referred for myocardial perfusion imaging.
68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Case With Extensive Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Yao Xilan , Liu Weiting , Ou Xiaohong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT has been reported to be useful in differentiating tumor thrombus and bland thrombus. There are few reports on 68Ga-FAPI PET imaging features of tumor thrombus. Herein, we report a 46-year-old man with extensive tumor thrombus in the portal vein due to hepatic malignancy on 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI.
Does Facial Fracture Management Require Opioids? A Pilot Trial of a Narcotic-Minimizing Analgesia Protocol for Operative Facial Trauma
Authors: Knudsen Margarete Grace , Kotha Vikas S. , Wee Corinne , Lesko Robert P. , Swanson Marco , Kumar Anand , Davidson Edward H. 
Published: January 2023

Opioid minimization in the acute postoperative phase is timely in the era of the opioid epidemic. The authors hypothesize that patients with facial trauma receiving multimodal, narcotic-minimizing pain management in the perioperative period will consume fewer morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) while maintaining adequate pain control compared with a traditional analgesia protocol. An IRB-approved pilot study evaluating isolated facial trauma patients compared 10 consecutive prospective patients of a narcotic-minimizing pain protocol beginning in August 2020 with a retrospective, chart-reviewed cohort of 10 consecutive patients before protocol implementation. The protocol was comprised of multimodal nonopioid pharmacotherapy given preoperatively (acetaminophen, celecoxib, and pregabalin). Postoperatively, patients received intravenous (IV) ketorolac, scheduled acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and gabapentin. Oxycodone was reserved for severe uncontrolled pain. The control group had no standardized protocol, though opioids were ad libitum. Consumed MMEs and verbal Numeric Rating Scale (vNRS) pain scores (0–10) were prospectively tracked and compared with retrospective data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were run. At all recorded postoperative intervals, narcotic-minimizing subjects consumed significantly fewer MMEs than controls [0–8 h, 21.5 versus 63.5 (P = 0.002); 8–16 h, 4.9 versus 20.6 (P = 0.02); 16–24 h, 3.3 versus 13.9 (P = 0.03); total 29.5 versus 98.0 (P = 0.003)]. At all recorded postoperative intervals, narcotic-minimizing subjects reported less pain (vNRS) than controls (0–8 h, 7.7 versus 8.1; 8–16 h, 4.4 versus 8.0; 16–24 h 4.3 versus 6.9); significance was achieved at the 8 to 16-hour time point (P = 0.006). A multimodal, opioid-sparing analgesia protocol significantly reduces opioid use in perioperative facial trauma management without sacrificing satisfactory pain control for patients.
The Clinical Development of Levodopa Inhalation Powder
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , LeWitt Peter A. , Waters Cheryl H. , Grosset Donald G. , Blank Burkhard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oral levodopa is the most effective treatment for Parkinson disease, but OFF periods emerge over time. Gastrointestinal dysfunction and food effects impact levodopa absorption, contributing to unpredictable control of OFF periods. Inhaled levodopa powder (Inbrija) is approved for on-demand treatment of OFF periods in patients receiving oral levodopa–dopa decarboxylase inhibitors. The 84-mg dose is administered via a breath-actuated inhaler. It provides pulmonary delivery of levodopa to the systemic circulation and is taken when a patient has an OFF period in between doses of regular oral levodopa medication. The pivotal SPAN-PD trial in patients experiencing OFF periods on oral dopaminergic therapy showed that levodopa inhalation powder 84 mg produced significant improvement in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III score, as measured 30 minutes postdose at week 12, and improvement was seen as early as 10 minutes. More patients in the levodopa inhalation powder group turned ON within 60 minutes of treatment and remained ON at 60 minutes than in the placebo group. Levodopa inhalation powder can also be used to treat early-morning OFF periods and, when used for up to 12 months, produced no clinically significant differences in pulmonary function compared with an untreated cohort. Levodopa inhalation powder 84 mg increased plasma levodopa concentration rapidly and with less variability than oral levodopa/carbidopa (25/100 mg). Most common adverse event associated with levodopa inhalation powder is cough, found in ~15% of patients in the SPAN-PD trial; otherwise, reported adverse events were consistent with those known to be associated with oral levodopa.
The impact of vaccination frequency on COVID-19 public health outcomes: A model-based analysis
Authors: Stoddard Madison , Yuan Lin , Sarkar Sharanya , van Egeren Debra , Mangalaganesh Shruthi , Nolan Ryan P. , Rogers Michael S. , Hather Greg , White Laura F. , Chakravarty Arijit 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile the rapid deployment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines had a significant impact on the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, rapid viral immune evasion and waning neutralizing antibody titers have degraded vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, vaccine manufacturers and public health authorities have a number of levers at their disposal to maximize the benefits of vaccination. Here, we use an agent-based modeling framework coupled with the outputs of a population pharmacokinetic model to examine the impact of boosting frequency and durability of vaccinal response on vaccine efficacy. Our work suggests that repeated dosing at frequent intervals (multiple times a year) may offset the degradation of vaccine efficacy, preserving their utility in managing the ongoing pandemic. Our work relies on assumptions about antibody accumulation and the tolerability of repeated vaccine doses. Given the practical significance of potential improvements in vaccinal utility, clinical research to better understand the effects of repeated vaccination would be highly impactful. These findings are particularly relevant as public health authorities worldwide seek to reduce the frequency of boosters to once a year or less. Our work suggests practical recommendations for vaccine manufacturers and public health authorities and draws attention to the possibility that better outcomes for SARS-CoV-2 public health remain within reach.
Effect of high-intensity interval training on body composition and glucose control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Yidan , Long Zhuan , Guo Zhicheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus(DM) has become the third chronic noncommunicable disease worldwide, and is one of the most common chronic diseases in almost all countries. Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) is the most common group of DM, accounting for more than 90% of the DM population.ObjectivesThis systematic review is conducted to compare the impact of HIIT and MICT on body composition and glucose control in T2DM, and to determine the suitable intervention for HIIT and the more effective forms of HIIT on T2DM.MethodsSeven databases were searched from their inception to 21 November 2022 for randomized controlled trial(RCT) with HIIT and MICT intervention. The effect size was completed by using standardized mean difference (SMD) and standard deviation. Body mass(BM), body mass index (BMI), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), VO2peak, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), and fasting plasma insulin(FPI) were included in the meta-analysis as outcomes.Results15 RCTs with 371 T2DM were conducted in accordance with our inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that compared to MICT, HIIT had significant effects on VO2peak(SMD=0.4, 95%CI: 0.08 to 0.73, p=0.02) and HbA1c(SMD=-0.24, 95%CI: -0.48 to -0.01, p=0.04), while there were no significant differences in body composition, FPG, and FPI.ConclusionHIIT provides similar or more benefits on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF), and glucose control relative to MICT, which might be influenced by duration, frequency, and HIIT interval. For people with T2DM, HIIT can achieve more improvement in CRF and glucose control than MICT and appear to be more time-saving.
Immunogenicity and safety of Quadrivalent Influenza HA vaccine compared with Trivalent Influenza HA vaccine and evaluation of Quadrivalent Influenza HA vaccine batch-to-batch consistency in Indonesian children and adults
Authors: Fadlyana Eddy , Dhamayanti Meita , Tarigan Rodman , Prodjosoewojo Susantina , Rahmadi Andri Reza , Sari Rini Mulia , Rusmil Kusnandi , Kartasasmita Cissy B 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOne of the newest strategies developed by the Global Influenza Strategy has been to broaden the composition of the current influenza vaccine formulations from trivalent products to quadrivalent products. This study aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of Quadrivalent Influenza HA vaccine (QIV) compared with Trivalent Influenza HA vaccine (TIV) and to evaluate three consecutive batches of QIV equivalence in Indonesian children and adults.Methods and findingsThis was an open-labeled, bridging clinical study involving unprimed healthy children and adults aged 9–40 years. A total of 540 subjects were enrolled in this study and randomized into four arm groups. Each subject received one dose of TIV or QIV with three different batch codes. Serology tests were performed at baseline and 28 days after vaccination. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers were analyzed for Geometric Mean Titer (GMT), seroprotection, and seroconversion rates. Solicited, unsolicited, and serious adverse events were observed up to 28 days after vaccination. A total of 537 subjects completed the study per protocol and were analyzed for immunogenicity criteria. All randomized subjects were analyzed for safety criteria. The percentage of the subjects with anti-HI titer ≥1:40 28 days after QIV vaccination was 99.5% for A/H1N1; 99.5% for A/H3N2; 93.1% for B/Texas, and 99.0% for B/Phuket. The seroprotection, GMT, and seroconversion rates of QIV were not significantly different from those of TIV for the common vaccine strains (p> 0.01) and were significantly different from those of TIV for the added B/Phuket strains (p< 0.01). Most solicited injection-site and systemic reactions with either vaccine were mild to moderate and resolved within a few days.ConclusionsQIV was immunogenic and well-tolerated and had immunogenicity and safety profiles compared with TIV for all common strains. The immunogenicity of the three batches of QIV was equivalent for the four strains.Clinical Trial registrationNCT03336593