bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity improvement through selection diversity for dual‐polarized antenna systems
Authors: Wang Hanho 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn newly developed wireless communication systems, the millimeter wavelength frequency band and massive‐MIMO‐based beamforming technology provide a channel environment that supports multiplexing transmission using dual‐polarization antenna (DPA). In such a channel environment, a DPA system can transmit two independent data streams using the two orthogonal polarizations. However, random rotation angle (PRA) mismatch between the transmitting and receiving DPAs causes interference in cross‐polarization antenna, which can degrade the DPA system capacity. To solve the PRA mismatch problem, selection diversity is utilized in this paper, and the capacity gain and PRA mismatch reduction achieved by the selection diversity are mathematically analyzed. Previously, performance analyses have not been conducted on the selection diversity in DPA systems considering the random PRA mismatch in the conventional studies. Through the result of this study, the improved capacity and PRA mismatch reduction of the DPA system can be accurately calculated as the number of mobile terminals (MTs) available increases. Based on this analysis, five practical scheduling schemes corresponding to various types of channel feedbacks are proposed, and their performance is evaluated.
Probability density of irradiance for optical waves propagating underwater in the presence of air bubbles
Authors: Shishter Yousef Mostafa 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe use of wireless optical waves could prove valuable to numerous underwater applications compared to radio frequency and acoustic waves. However, optical signals are susceptible to attenuations and scintillation (fading) due to the turbulent nature of underwater environments. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the wave intensity distribution. General approach to this problem is to apply existing atmospheric propagation models or to device a statistical distribution based on experimental data. Recent studies show that the well‐known probability density functions poorly describe EM optical wave propagation underwater in the presence of air bubbles, and thus, mixture distributions were proposed. This, however, ignores the physical aspects of the phenomena, and as such may limit the model region of validity. In this paper, a novel intensity distribution model is derived based on the Rytov theory of propagation through weak turbulence. Furthermore, the distribution is validated by experimental data over a large range of turbulence levels.
A novel ant colony optimization algorithm for PAPR reduction of OFDM signals
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Aghdam Mehdi , Sharifi Abbas Ali 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) is the main challenge of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Partial transmit sequence (PTS) is a useful approach to diminish the PAPR. Although the PTS approach significantly decreases the PAPR, it requires to explore all possible sequences of phase weighting factors. Hence, the computational cost exponentially increases with the number of divided subblocks. This paper proposes a novel PTS technique based on ant colony optimization (ACO) to diminish the high PAPR and computational cost of OFDM systems. By the new representation of phase factors as a graph, the improved ACO algorithm is combined with the PTS method to explore the optimal compound of the phase rotation factors. Simulation results represent that the proposed ACO‐based PTS approach significantly reduces the PAPR and improves the computational cost at the same time. A comparative analysis of the other meta‐heuristics shows that the ACO‐PTS approach outperforms the genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and gray wolf optimization in terms of reducing PAPR.
Generalized solution to symbol error probability integral containing over different fading models
Authors: Aggarwal Supriya 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThis paper presents a generalized solution to the symbol error probability (SEP) integral containing the product of two Gaussian Q‐functions
. Numerical integration technique is first used to approximate the polar form of
as a sum of exponentials. This approximation is then used to derive a closed‐form solution to the related SEP integral. Due to the exponential nature of the approximation, solution to the integral is expressed in terms of moment generating function (MGF) of a fading distribution. Therefore, the solution to integral exists for all fading distributions which have well‐defined MGF. The mathematical complexity of the proposed solution is directly proportional to the complexity of MGF expression. For most of the fading models, the corresponding MGF involves power or exponential functions, which guarantees algebraic simplicity of the proposed solution. Further, this generalized solution is used to evaluate the SEP of various modulation schemes over different fading channels. Various computer simulations run in MATLAB for wide range of scenarios confirm the accuracy of the proposed approximation and solution.
Hybrid optimization‐based deep neuro‐fuzzy network for designing m‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output interference channel
Authors: Reddy Gondhi Navabharat , Ravi Kumar C. V. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryMultiple‐input multiple‐outputs (MIMOs) have eminent quality in maximizing the throughput of wireless communication models. In MIMO, the antenna arrays can be utilized for fulfilling the needs of 5G by utilizing various spatial signatures of users. Even though 5G communication is imminent, there exist issues, like network interference that arise due to reused frequency spectrum resources. This delving presents an optimized deep model for suppressing interference occurring in the Rayleigh channel in the multiple‐user MIMO (MU‐MIMO) model. Here, an MU‐MIMO model is employed with correlated interference wherein there exist various users around the base station (BS) with several antennas at the transmitter and receiver. Here, a deep neuro‐fuzzy network (DNFN) is used to upgrade the performance of detectors underneath correlated interference. Here, the model comprises zero forcing‐maximum likelihood detection (ZF‐MLD) that assists to generate an initial estimate of broadcasted signals in a particular time slot. The DNFN is used to capture latent correlation among several symbols. Here, the DNFN training is performed using developed autoregressive Henry gas spider monkey optimization (RHGSMO), which is the combination of conditional autoregressive value at risk (CAViaR), Henry gas solubility optimization (HGSO), and spider monkey optimization (SMO). With the lowest symbol error rate (SER), bit error rate (BER), and signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), the suggested RHGSMO‐based DNFN performed better than existing approaches.
Design, synthesis, and antitumor screening of new thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives as potent inhibitors of VEGFR‐2
Authors: Abd Elhameed Alaa A. , Ali Ahmed R. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Bayomi Said M. , El‐Gohary Nadia S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNew thiazole, thiazolopyrimidine, and thiazolotriazine derivatives 3–12 and 14a–f were synthesized. The newly synthesized analogs were tested for in vitro antitumor activity against HepG2, HCT‐116, MCF‐7, HeP‐2, and Hela cancer cells. Results indicated that compound 5 displayed the highest potency toward the tested cancer cells. Compound 11b possessed enhanced effectiveness over MCF‐7, HepG2, HCT‐116, and Hela cancer cells. In addition, compounds 4 and 6 showed promising activity toward HCT‐116, MCF‐7, and Hela cancer cells and eminent activity against HepG2 and HeP‐2 cells. Moreover, compounds 3–6 and 11b were tested for their capability to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) activity. The obtained results showed that compound 5 displayed significant inhibitory activity against VEGFR‐2 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.044 μM) comparable to sunitinib (IC50 = 0.100 μM). Also, the synthesized compounds 3–6 and 11b were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity tests over WI38 and WISH normal cells. It was found that the five tested compounds displayed significantly lower cytotoxicity than doxorubicin toward normal cell lines. Cell cycle analysis proved that compound 5 induces cell cycle arrest in the S phase for HCT‐116 and Hela cancer cell lines and in the G2/M phase for the MCF‐7 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 5 induced cancer cell death through apoptosis accompanied by a high ratio of BAX/BCL‐2 in the screened cancer cells. Furthermore, docking results revealed that compound 5 showed the essential interaction bonds with VEGFR‐2, which agreed with in vitro enzyme assay results. In silico studies showed that most of the analyzed compounds complied with the requirements of good oral bioavailability with minimal toxicity threats in humans.
Strontium isotope analysis of otoliths reveals differences in the habitat salinity among three sympatric stickleback species of the genus Pungitius
Authors: Uji Konomi , Ishikawa Asano , Shin Ki‐Cheol , Tayasu Ichiro , Kitano Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe analysis of otolith Sr isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) is a powerful method to study fish migration in freshwater areas. However, few studies have applied this method to study fish movement in brackish‐water environments. Furthermore, despite the fact that habitat differentiation has been shown to drive genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation among stickleback fish, no studies have used the otolith 87Sr/86Sr ratios to analyze habitat differentiation between stickleback ecotypes and species. In this study, we analyzed the otolith 87Sr/86Sr ratios of three sympatric stickleback species of the genus Pungitius in the Shiomi River on Hokkaido Island, Japan: P. tymensis, the brackish‐water type of the P. pungitius–P. sinensis complex, and the freshwater type of the P. pungitius–P. sinensis complex. First, we created a mixing equation to depict the relationship between habitat salinity and the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of river water. We found that the otolith 87Sr/86Sr ratios differed significantly among the three species, indicating that the three species utilize habitats with different salinities: P. tymensis and the brackish‐water type inhabit freshwater and brackish‐water environments, respectively, with the freshwater type using intermediate habitats. In addition, we found that some freshwater individuals moved to habitats with higher salinities as they grew. Our study demonstrates that the analysis of otolith 87Sr/86Sr ratios is a useful method for studying the habitat use of fish in brackish‐water environments and habitat differentiation among closely related sympatric and parapatric species.
A Biomimetic Stereoselective Approach to Euolutchuol C and Its Structural Assignment
Authors: R. S. Reyno , Surendran Sravya , James Glory , Rajendar Goreti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe first stereoselective total synthesis of euolutchuol C using a biomimetic cationic polyene cyclization is demonstrated, and its absolute structure has been established. Four potential stereoisomers of euolutchuol C were synthesized to confirm the structure as an aromatic abietane diterpenoid consisting of 15(S)‐stereogenic center. Asymmetric Sharpless dihydroxylation was employed to construct the chiral epoxide, while CBS‐reduction was utilized for enantiomerically pure benzylic alcohols. A convergent approach is used to synthesize euolutchuol C in seven longest linear steps to give an overall yield of 23 %.
The Contribution of Ruthenium in the Development of Metallomesogens
Authors: Therrien Bruno 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRuthenium remains one of the most popular metals in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. The multiple oxidation state that it possesses and the versatility in its coordination mode have contributed to this success. However, despite the facility to synthesize all kind of ruthenium‐based complexes, the insertion of ruthenium in metallomesogens remains scarce. This review presents all metallomesogens incorporating ruthenium over the last 35 years, suggesting that the contribution of ruthenium in the development of metallomesogens has just begun.
Pancreatitis as immune‐related adverse event during pembrolizumab therapy for multiple lung metastases from renal pelvic cancer
Authors: Kokura Kazuki , Watanabe Jun , Takuma Takaaki , Yokozeki Hitoshi , Uketa Shoko , Uemura Yuichi 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionPembrolizumab administration has become the standard of care for patients with urothelial carcinoma, though a variety of adverse events have been reported. Presented here is a rare case of pancreatitis that occurred as an immune‐related adverse event.Case presentationAn 81‐year‐old man undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab for multiple lung metastases from renal pelvic cancer was presented with a fever and diagnosed with pancreatitis based on elevated pancreatic enzyme levels and imaging findings. There was no history of alcohol consumption or findings indicating gallstones, elevated liver enzymes, or abdominal complications. The patient was diagnosed with immune‐related adverse event pancreatitis and treated with Lactate Ringer's solution (3000 mL/day) and steroids, during which his condition improved.ConclusionAlthough pancreatitis is a rare complication, it should always be considered as a potential immune‐related adverse event in patients treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor such as pembrolizumab.
Secondary and within‐session analyses to improve the feasibility and precision of assessments of sociability
Authors: Morris Samuel L. , Pizzuto Adelaide 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious research has improved the feasibility and precision of assessments of sociability, but further progress is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate secondary measures and within‐session analyses to further improve the feasibility and precision of assessments of sociability. We reanalyzed previously published assessment results to evaluate whether initial and conditional (i.e., on therapist movement) approach and avoidance may approximate established continuous measures. Results indicated that both measures were strongly correlated with the percentage of session on the social side and may provide a more feasible approximation for use in clinical practice. We also conducted within‐session analyses of these assessment results to evaluate whether they may improve precision or clarity. Correlational and matching‐based analyses of the within‐session data suggest that clear conclusions may be drawn from the results of a single session and facilitate a richer understanding of sociability. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Brief report: Revealing the nuance: Examining approaches for research with adolescents who identify with multiple racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Moon Julia , Centeno Betsy , De León José A. , Mello Zena R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing racial/ethnic diversity in the United States calls for methodological approaches that capture participants who identify with multiple racial/ethnic groups. Existing approaches are oriented toward large samples (N > 500); yet, we do not know how effective these approaches are with more common smaller convenience samples. We explored how several approaches were associated with the sample distribution of racial/ethnic groups and ethnic identity using a small convenience sample.MethodsIn 2017, 320 U.S. adolescents (Mage = 16.04 years, SDage = 1.33; 59% female) responded to an open‐ended question regarding their racial/ethnic group(s) in a cross‐sectional survey. Seventy‐five (23%) adolescents identified with multiple racial/ethnic groups. Remaining adolescents identified solely with the Asian/Hawaiian Native/Pacific Islander (19%), Black/African American (3%), European American (21%), Latinx (34%), or Native American/Alaska Native (<1%) group.ResultsThree approaches for adolescents with multiple racial/ethnic groups were employed. Findings indicated that the sample distributions differed across the approaches. The greatest differences were shown for Black/African American, Native American/Alaska Native, and Other Race/Ethnicity groups. Descriptively, ethnic identity also differed across the approaches. For example, multiracial/ethnic adolescents reported greater ethnic identity‐exploration than their European American counterparts in one approach than in others.ConclusionsResearchers should carefully consider approaches to research with adolescents who identify with multiple racial/ethnic groups given implications for the literature. This study demonstrates the critical need to further develop approaches for capturing the complexity of race/ethnicity.
Coleus vettiveroides ethanolic root extract induces cytotoxicity by intrinsic apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Mohamed Azar Kadmad Abdul Hameed , Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Shree Harini Karthik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contributes to more than 80% of all primary cancers globally and ranks fourth in cancer‐related deaths, due to the lack of an effective, definite therapeutic drug. Coleus vettiveroides (CV) has been used in Indian traditional medicine to treat diabetes, liver ailments, skin diseases, leukoderma, and leprosy. This study investigates the anticancer effect of CV ethanolic root extract in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with CV extract, and its cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. AO/EB staining, propidium iodide staining, DCFH‐DA assay, phalloidine staining, flow cytometry, and qPCR studies were performed for ROS expression, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and galangin in CV root extract. The results showed that CV inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, with altered cellular and nuclear morphology. CV was also found to increase intracellular ROS levels and oxidative stress markers in HepG2 cells. CV significantly altered the actin microfilament distribution in HepG2 cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the sub G0‐G1 phase. CV also induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by increased expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome C, Apaf‐1, PARP, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, and downregulated Bcl‐2 expression. Therefore, CV exerts its anticancer effect by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal disorganization, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis, and it could be a potent therapeutic option for HCC.
Role of immune related genes in predicting prognosis and immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yi , Shen Chuchen , Wu Juju , Yan Xiaodan , Huang Qin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years. This study aimed to establish a prognostic signature for immune‐related genes (IRGs) and explore related potential immunotherapies. The RNA‐seq transcriptome profiles and clinicopathological information of patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed IRGs in tumors and normal tissues were screened and a risk score signature was constructed to predict the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Receiver operating characteristic curves, survival analyses, and correlation analyses were used to explore the clinical application of this model. We further analyzed the differences in clinical characteristics, immune infiltration, somatic mutations, and treatment sensitivity between the high‐ and low‐risk populations characterized by the prognostic models. The immune cell infiltration score and immune‐related pathway activity were calculated using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) set enrichment analysis. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, and GSEA were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. We constructed a nine‐IRG formula to predict the prognosis in HCC patients. The higher the risk score, the higher the malignancy of the tumor and the worse the prognosis. There were significant differences in immune related processes between the high‐ and low‐risk groups. TP53 and CTNNB1 mutations were significantly different between different risk groups. The expression of model gene was closely related to the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This risk score model, which is helpful for the individualized treatment of patients with different risk factors, could be a reliable prognostic tool for HCC patients.
Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Boopathy Lokesh Kumar , Roy Anitha , Gopal Thiyagarajan , Kandy Rakhee Rathnam Kalari , Arumugam Madan Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractColon cancer is a serious health problem across the globe with various dietary lifestyle modifications. It arises as an inflammation mediated crypts in the colon epithelial cells and undergoes uncontrolled cell division and proliferation. Bacterial enzymes contribute to a major outbreak in colon cancer development upon the release of toxic metabolites from the gut microflora. Pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns triggers the NLPR3 inflammasome pathways that releases pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce cancer of the colon. Contributing to this, specific chemokines and receptor complexes attribute to cellular proliferation and metastasis. Bacterial enzymes synergistically attack the colon mucosa and degenerate the cellular integrity causing lysosomal discharge. These factors further instigate the Tol like receptors (TLRs) and Nod like receptors (NLRs) to promote angiogenesis and supply nutrients for the cancer cells. Myrtenal, a monoterpene, is gaining more importance in recent times and it is being widely utilized against many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Based on the research data's, the reviews focus on the anticancer property of myrtenal by emphasizing its therapeutic properties which downregulate the inflammasome pathways and other signalling pathways. Combination therapy is gaining more importance as they can target every variant in the cellular stress condition. Clinical studies with compounds like myrtenal of the monoterpenes family is provided with positive results which might open an effective anticancer drug therapy. This review highlights myrtenal and its biological potency as a cost effective drug for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.