bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which programmes and policies across health and community settings will generate the most significant impacts for youth suicide prevention in Australia and the UK? Protocol for a systems modelling and simulation study
Authors: Michail Maria , Robinson Jo , Witt Katrina , Occhipinti Jo-An , Skinner Adam , Lamblin Michelle , Veresova Maria , Kartal Dzenana , Waring Justin 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSuicide is a leading cause of mortality among young people aged 15–24 globally. Despite the deployment of comprehensive suicide prevention strategies, we still do not know which interventions, for which groups of young people, for how long and with what intensity could generate the most significant reductions in suicide rates. System dynamics modelling has the potential to address these gaps. SEYMOUR (System Dynamics Modelling for Suicide Prevention) will develop and evaluate a system dynamics model that will indicate which suicide prevention interventions could generate the most significant reductions in rates of suicide and attempted suicide among young people aged 12–25 in Australia and the UK.Methods and analysisA comparative case study design, applying participatory system dynamics modelling in North-West Melbourne (Australia) and Birmingham (UK). A computer simulation model of mental health service pathways and suicidal behaviour among young people in North-West Melbourne will be developed through three workshops with expert stakeholder groups (young people with lived experience, carers, clinicians, policy makers, commissioners). The model will be calibrated and validated using national, state and local datasets (inputs). The simulation model will test a series of interventions identified in the workshops for inclusion. Primary model outputs include suicide deaths, self-harm hospitalisations and self-harm presentations to emergency departments. An implementation strategy for the sustainable embedding of promising suicide prevention interventions will be developed. This will be followed by model customisation, re-parameterisation, and validation in Birmingham and adaptation of the implementation strategy.Ethics and disseminationThe project has received approval from the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (2022-22885-25971-4), the University of Birmingham Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Ethics Review Committee (ERN_21-02385) and the UK HRA (22/HRA/3826). SEYMOUR’s dissemination strategy includes open-access academic publications, conference presentations, accessible findings coproduced with young people, e-briefs to policy makers, webinars for service providers and commissioners.
Protocol for the COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study: a longitudinal study of parent distress, biological stress and child biopsychosocial development during the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Khoury Jennifer E , Atkinson Leslie , Jack Susan , Bennett Teresa , Raha Sandeep , Duku Eric , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a unique impact on the mental health and well-being of pregnant individuals and parents of young children. However, the impact of COVID-19-related stress during pregnancy on early child biopsychosocial development, remains unclear. The COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study will: (1) investigate the impact of different forms of prenatal stress experienced during the pandemic (including objective hardship, perceived psychological distress and biological stress) on child stress biology, (2) examine the association between child stress biology and child developmental outcomes, (3) determine whether child stress biology acts as a mechanism linking prenatal stress to adverse child developmental outcomes and (4) assess whether gestational age at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic or child sex, moderate these associations.Methods and analysesThe COVID-19 Wellbeing and Stress Study is a prospective longitudinal study, consisting of six time points, spanning from pregnancy to 3 years postpartum. The study began in June 2020, consisting of 304 pregnant people from Ontario, Canada. This multimethod study is composed of questionnaires, biological samples, behavioural observations and developmental assessmentsEthics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (#11034) and the Mount Saint Vincent University Research Ethics Board (#2020-187, #2021-075, #2022-008). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed presentations and publications, community presentations, and electronic forums (social media, newsletters and website postings).
Integrating a Polygenic Risk Score into a clinical setting would impact risk predictions in familial breast cancer
Authors: Baliakas Panagiotis , Munters Arielle R , Kämpe Anders , Tesi Bianca , Bondeson Marie-Louise , Ladenvall Claes , Eriksson Daniel 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundLow-impact genetic variants identified in population-based genetic studies are not routinely measured as part of clinical genetic testing in familial breast cancer (BC). We studied the consequences of integrating an established Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) (BCAC 313, PRS313) into clinical sequencing of women with familial BC in Sweden.MethodsWe developed an add-on sequencing panel to capture 313 risk variants in addition to the clinical screening of hereditary BC genes. Index patients with no pathogenic variant from 87 families, and 1000 population controls, were included in comparative PRS calculations. Including detailed family history, sequencing results and tumour pathology information, we used BOADICEA (Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm) V.6 to estimate contralateral and lifetime riskswithoutandwithPRS313.ResultsWomen with BC but no pathogenic variants in hereditary BC genes have a higher PRS313compared with population controls (mean+0.78 SD, p<3e-9). Implementing PRS313in the clinical risk estimation before their BC diagnosis would have changed the recommended follow-up in 24%–45% of women.ConclusionsOur results show the potential impact of incorporating PRS313directly in the clinical genomic investigation of women with familial BC.
Physician continuity of care in the last year of life in community-dwelling adults: retrospective population-based study
Authors: Howard Michelle , Hafid Shuaib , Isenberg Sarina Roslyn , Webber Colleen , Downar James , Gayowsky Anastasia , Jones Aaron , Scott Mary M , Hsu Amy T , Conen Katrin , Manuel Doug , Tanuseputro Peter 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the timing of involvement of various physician specialties over the last year of life across different levels of primary care physician continuity for differing causes of death.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults who died in Ontario, Canada, between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018, using linked population level health administrative data. Outcomes were median days between death and first and last outpatient palliative care specialist encounter, last outpatient encounter with other specialists and with the usual primary care physician. These were calculated by tertile of score on the Usual Provider Continuity Index, defined as the proportion of outpatient physician encounters with the patient’s primary care physician.ResultsPatients’ (n=395 839) mean age at death was 76 years. With increasing category of usual primary care physician continuity, a larger proportion were palliative care generalists, palliative care specialist involvement decreased in duration and was concentrated closer to death, the primary care physician was involved closer to death, and other specialist physicians ceased involvement earlier. For patients with cancer, palliative care specialist involvement was longer than for other patients.ConclusionsCompared with patients with lower continuity, those with higher usual provider continuity were more likely to have a primary care physician involved closer to death providing generalist palliative care.
Density-matrix renormalization group: a pedagogical introduction
Authors: Catarina G. , Murta Bruno 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The physical properties of a quantum many-body system can, in principle, be determined by diagonalizing the respective Hamiltonian, but the dimensions of its matrix representation scale exponentially with the number of degrees of freedom. Hence, only small systems that are described through simple models can be tackled via exact diagonalization. To overcome this limitation, numerical methods based on the renormalization group paradigm that restrict the quantum many-body problem to a manageable subspace of the exponentially large full Hilbert space have been put forth. A striking example is the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG), which has become the reference numerical method to obtain the low-energy properties of one-dimensional quantum systems with short-range interactions. Here, we provide a pedagogical introduction to DMRG, presenting both its original formulation and its modern tensor-network-based version. This colloquium sets itself apart from previous contributions in two ways. First, didactic code implementations are provided to bridge the gap between conceptual and practical understanding. Second, a concise and self-contained introduction to the tensor-network methods employed in the modern version of DMRG is given, thus allowing the reader to effortlessly cross the deep chasm between the two formulations of DMRG without having to explore the broad literature on tensor networks. We expect this pedagogical review to find wide readership among students and researchers who are taking their first steps in numerical simulations via DMRG.

Graphic abstract
A memristor-based circuit approximation of the Hindmarsh–Rose model
Authors: Jenderny Sebastian , Ochs Karlheinz , Hövel Philipp 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Neuron models exist in different levels of complexity and biological modeling depth. The Hindmarsh–Rose model offers a rich repertoire of neuronal dynamics while being moderately mathematically complex. Existing circuit realizations of this neuron model, however, require a large amount of operational amplifiers due to the model’s quadratic and cubic nonlinearity. In contrast to hardware realizations of simpler neuron models, this leads to a higher power consumption. In this work, the Hindmarsh–Rose model is approximated by an ideal electrical circuit that relies mostly on passive circuit elements and thus reduces the power consumption. For this purpose, we analyze the power flows of an equivalent electrical circuit of the Hindmarsh–Rose model and replace several nonlinear circuit elements by constant ones. Moreover, we approximate the cubic nonlinearity by three memristors in combination with a negative impedance converter. This negative impedance converter represents the only active circuit element required for the complete circuit, leading to an increased energy efficiency compared to the existing circuit realizations. Simulations verify the circuit’s ability to generate spiking and bursting dynamics comparable to the original Hindmarsh–Rose model.

Graphic abstract
Assessing a Polygenic Risk Score for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations
Authors: Trendowski Matthew R. , Lusk Christine M. , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Soubani Ayman O. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have become an increasingly popular approach to evaluate cancer susceptibility, but have not adequately represented Black populations in model development.

Methods:
We used a previously published lung cancer PRS on the basis of 80 SNPs associated with lung cancer risk in the OncoArray cohort and validated in UK Biobank. The PRS was evaluated for association with lung cancer risk adjusting for age, sex, total pack-years, family history of lung cancer, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the top five principal components for genetic ancestry.

Results:
Among the 80 PRS SNPs included in the score, 14 were significantly associated with lung cancer risk (P &lt; 0.05) in INHALE White participants, while there were no significant SNPs among INHALE Black participants. After adjusting for covariates, the PRS was significantly associated with risk in Whites (continuous score P = 0.007), but not in Blacks (continuous score P = 0.88). The PRS remained a statistically significant predictor of lung cancer risk in Whites ineligible for lung cancer screening under current U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Using a previously validated PRS, we did find some predictive ability for lung cancer in INHALE White participants beyond traditional risk factors. However, this effect was not observed in Black participants, indicating the need to develop and validate ancestry-specific lung cancer risk models.

Impact:
While a previously published lung cancer PRS was able to stratify White participants into different levels of risk, the model was not predictive in Blacks. Our findings highlight the need to develop and validate ancestry-specific lung cancer risk models.
Protein Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Implications in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Senavirathna Lakmini , Pan Sheng , Chen Ru 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Protein advanced glycation end products (AGE) formed by nonenzymatic glycation can disrupt the normal structure and function of proteins, and stimulate the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), triggering intricate mechanisms that are etiologically related to various chronic diseases, including pancreatic cancer. Many common risk factors of pancreatic cancer are the major sources for the formation of protein AGEs and glycative stress in the human body. Abnormal accumulation of protein AGEs can impair the cellular proteome and promote AGE–RAGE driven pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, leading to increased oxidative stress, protease resistance, protein dysregulation, transcription activity of STAT, NF-κB, and AP-1, aberrant status in ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy, as well as other molecular events that are susceptible for the carcinogenic transformation towards the development of neoplasms. Here, we review studies to highlight our understanding in the orchestrated molecular events in bridging the impaired proteome, dysregulated functional networks, and cancer hallmarks initiated upon protein AGE formation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer.
Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions in Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bakhoum Christine Y. , Madala Samantha , Lando Leonardo , Yarmohammadi Adeleh , Long Christopher P. , Miguez Sofia , Chan Alison X. , Singer Maxwell , Jin Andrew , Steren Ben J. , Adabifirouzjaei Fatemeh , Goldbaum Michael H. , DeMaria Anthony N. , Sarraf David , Bakhoum Mathieu F. 
Published: August 2023

Background
We previously demonstrated that retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs), which are indicative of ischemia in the middle retina, may be a biomarker of ischemic cardiovascular disease. In this study, we sought to determine the relationship between RIPLs and atrial fibrillation, a common source of cardiac emboli.

Methods and Results

In this case‐control study, we identified individuals between the ages of 50 and 90 years who had undergone macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Individuals with atrial fibrillation were identified, and age‐ and sex‐matched individuals from the same pool, but without a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, were selected as controls. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans were reviewed by 3 independent and masked observers for presence of RIPLs. The relationship between RIPLs and atrial fibrillation was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. There were 106 and 91 subjects with and without atrial fibrillation, respectively. The percentage of subjects with RIPLs was higher in the atrial fibrillation group compared with the control group (57.5% versus 37.4%;
P
=0.005). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, carotid stenosis, stroke, and myocardial infarction, the presence of RIPLs was significantly associated with atrial fibrillation, with an odds ratio of 1.91 (95% CI, 1.01–3.59).

Conclusions
RIPLs are significantly associated with atrial fibrillation, independent of underlying ischemic heart disease or cardiovascular risk factors. This association may inform the diagnostic cardiovascular workup for individuals with RIPLs incidentally detected on optical coherence tomography scan of the macula.
Role of graphene concentration on electrochemical and tribological properties of graphene-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite coatings
Authors: Salasel Amir Reza , Bhowmick Sukanta , Riahi Reza , Alpas Ahmet T 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the influence of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) concentration on the electrochemical and tribological properties of GNP-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite coatings. GNP-PMMA coatings were prepared with varying GNP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt %) using the drop-casting method onto AA6061 aluminum alloy substrates. Results showed that the addition of 1.0 wt % GNP increased the tensile strength of PMMA but further increase reduced the tensile strength and fracture strain of the composites. Permeability studies indicated that 1.0GNP-PMMA had the lowest water vapour transition rate. All GNP-PMMA coatings showed a higher coating resistance and impedance modulus at the lowest frequency compared to neat PMMA with 1.0GNP-PMMA having the highest |Z|0.01 Hz value in comparison to the composites with higher GNP concentrations. According to Raman mapping, an increase in the concentration of GNP in the composite resulted in the agglomeration of graphene, which caused the debonding of the graphene-PMMA interfaces and also resulted in a higher number of shear fronts and other defects on the fracture surface that reduced barrier properties of graphene. The specific wear rate of 1.0GNP-PMMA was lower than that of neat PMMA, indicating improved wear resistance. The coefficient of friction was lowest for 5.0GNP-PMMA, although this was due to a higher amount of material being transferred to the counterface. Accordingly, optimizing the GNP concentration enables the development of high-performance PMMA coatings with enhanced strength, improved barrier properties, and reduced wear rates, making them well-suited for applications such as corrosion protection and tribological coatings.
The short- and long-term effects of lower limb endurance training on outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Chung An-Chi , Chang Chun-Jung , Liu Jui-Fang , Hung Ming-Szu , Fang Tien-Pei , Lin Hui-Ling 
Published: August 2023

Objective To explore the short- and long-term effects of lower-limb endurance training on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease outpatients. Design Prospective quasi-experimental study. Setting 1383-bed teaching hospital in Taiwan. Participants Overall, 69 outpatients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled. A total of 60 patients completed the study. Intervention Training group: Lower-limb endurance training; control group: Education only. Main measures The modified medical research council score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test score, pulmonary function test, and number of acute exacerbation within a year. Results The training group showed significant improvement in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test total score, modified medical research council score (both P < 0.001) at third month sustaining to 12th month ( P < 0.001) and presented less events of acute exacerbation ( P = 0.011) at 12th month. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test decreased by 8 points sustaining to 12th month. The training group presented significant post-training functional capacity improvements in 6-min walking distance, lowest oxygen saturation during 6-min walking test, peak workload, maximum inspiratory/ expiratory pressures, and calf circumference. Conclusions The lower-limb endurance training improved perceived dyspnea in daily activity and health status after completion of training and sustaining for a year. The lower-limb endurance training alleviated disease impacted on reduced acute exacerbations.
English School Special Section
Authors: Basu-Mellish Jack , Navari Cornelia , Zhang Yongjin , Banai Hussein , Buranelli Filippo Costa , Zaccato Carolina , Taeuber Simon F. , Friedner Parrat Charlotta , Bottelier Thomas 
Published: August 2023

This is a series of solicited articles requested by the editors of Vol. 51, emerging from a roundtable discussion held at the 2022 International Studies Association Convention. Each short contribution seeks to demonstrate the newest research of the English School of International Relations. These contributions tackle key questions including: the decline of liberal hegemony, the rise of China, the divide between soldaristic and pluralistic ethics, the engagement of the English School with Area Studies, theoretical approaches to grounding English School research and an investigation of the English School’s intellectual legacy. Section spéciale École anglaise
Impact of Pharmacist-Led Education on Proper Prophylactic Enoxaparin Dosing in Obese Patients
Authors: Kempema Nelson Brianna R. , Wehner Carly L. , Haller Irina V. , Renier Colleen M. 
Published: August 2023

Background/Purpose: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cardiovascular complication in middle-aged adults. There is a likelihood a patient may experience VTE when admitted to a hospital. Prophylactic medications such as low-dose unfractionated heparin and enoxaparin are started to prevent VTE. A pharmacist-led health system-wide Grand Rounds promoted prophylactic enoxaparin 40 mg twice daily instead of once daily in patients with a body mass index (BMI) 40 kg/m2 or greater. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted at a Essentia Health – Fargo, in the Upper Midwest. Data of acute care patients were extracted from electronic health records 2 years before and after the pharmacist-led education. Patients in the study were 18 years old or older, hospitalized with a need for prophylactic anticoagulation receiving enoxaparin, and had a BMI 40 kg/m2 or greater. Patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and recent bleeding were excluded. Groups were compared to determine the effect of pharmacist-led education. The outcome was the number of patients who received enoxaparin 40 mg twice daily compared to once daily. Results: In the control group, 9 out of 15 hospitalizations received enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneous twice daily and in the case group 34 out of 70 hospitalizations received the twice daily dosing. The odds ratio of receiving enoxaparin 40 mg twice daily after the pharmacist-led education compared to before the education was OR = .99, 95% CI = .96, 1.02. Conclusions: There was no difference in enoxaparin 40 mg once daily and twice daily dosing after the pharmacist-led education.