bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field Performance of Buxus Cultivars and Selections Against Boxwood Leafminer and Boxwood Blight
Authors: Yoder Keith S. , Dunn Robert A. , Saunders J. Bennett , Mays Ted R. , Yanny Michael D. , Hong Chuanxue , Scoggins Holly L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Boxwood (Buxus L. spp. Buxaceae) are popular landscape plants in the United States, with traditionally low maintenance requirements, glossy evergreen foliage, and deer resistance. Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa' (English boxwood) and B. sempervirens (American boxwood) were the most popular Buxus taxa planted for hundreds of years. But in the 1970s and 1980s, ‘Suffruticosa' lost popularity due to boxwood decline, and many commercial nurseries began to search for new cultivars. However, many of the popular new varieties, such as ‘Justin Brouwers', ‘Green Beauty', ‘Green Mountain', and ‘Green Velvet' were very susceptible to boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus flavus Schrank). In 2011 boxwood blight, caused by the fungus Calonectria pseudonaviculata, was identified in the eastern United States and Oregon. Based on early reports that both leafminer and blight were variety-specific, Saunders Brothers Inc., a wholesale nursery in Virginia specializing in boxwood, began field trials to search for cultivars with natural resistance to boxwood leafminer and boxwood blight. Reported here are field evaluations of 146 cultivars in leafminer trials and 75 cultivars and selections in blight trials. In these trials, cultivars ‘Peergold', ‘Cole's Dwarf', ‘SB 108’, ‘SB 300’, and ‘Wee Willie' and selections SB17 and 9-00-174 had low susceptibility (resistance) to both blight and leafminer.
Species used in this study: Buxus harlandii Hance; B. microphylla Seibold & Zucc.; B. microphylla var. japonica D. Anberg; B. sempervirens L.; B. sinica var. insularis (Nakai) M. Cheng; Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill); L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, 2010; Monarthropalpus flavus (Schrank). Buxus nomenclature according to Batdorf, 2021.
Evaluation of annual and herbaceous perennial plants for susceptibility to Phytophthora root and crown rot in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Reeves Ella R. , Henson Michelle S. , Sharpe Suzette R. , Meadows Inga M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Annual and herbaceous perennial ornamental bedding plants are popular, high value crops in the southeastern United States. However, many of these plants are subject to root or crown rot caused by Phytophthora species. In North Carolina, Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan, Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker, Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., and/or Phytophthora tropicalis Aragakia and J.Y. Uchida cause this disease in greenhouse production systems and in the landscape. Because practical management options for landscapers and homeowners are limited, the objective of this study was to identify annual and herbaceous perennial ornamental landscape plants that perform well in Phytophthora-infested landscape beds at three locations in western and central North Carolina. Although landscape beds were artificially inoculated with P. nicotianae, P. drechsleri, P. cryptogea sensu lato, and P. tropicalis, P. nicotianae was the most frequently isolated species from symptomatic plants and was the only species confirmed to be active at all locations in both years of this study. Eighteen cultivars of annuals and twenty-one cultivars of herbaceous perennials performed well and have been recommended for Phytophthora-infested landscapes to growers and homeowners in the southeastern United States.
Research on composite dynamic disaster prevention and control system of mine earthquake and shock in thick and hard rock mines
Authors: Zhu Ruijuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the rapid entry into deep mining of coal mines in China, the impact composite dynamic disaster of thick and hard layer mines and mine earthquakes has increasingly become a major disaster that threatens the safe and efficient mining of deep coal. Studying its occurrence mechanism, disaster prevention and control system has become a new major scientific issue in the field of coal mine safety. This paper proposes a framework for a composite dynamic disaster prevention and control system framework for thick and hard rock mines. First, the gravity forms, extents and deformation characteristics of different rock layers of the structural model are analysed, and the expressions of concentrated force and periodic breaking step distance of rock beams in thick and hard rock layers at the fixed support end are deduced. Then, according to the cause of the shock composite dynamic disaster, finally, the specific testing and calculation methods of mine earthquakes in thick hard rock mines are designed. The regional and local measures to manage compound dynamic disasters are put forward. Experiments show that the system is successfully applied to the mining practice of working face, and the results of water conservancy and stress monitoring support the rationality of the system. And through the implementation of impact prevention and control measures, the safety and disaster prevention and control of the working face was finally realised.
Faults of the Pre-Baikal submontane trough (Siberian Platform): Structural-genetic analysis
Authors: Cheremnykh A. V. , Dekabryov I. K. 
Published: January 2023

Research subject. The pre-Baikal submontane trough is located in the eastern part of the Irkutsk Amphitheater of the Siberian Platform, stretching for 600 km in a north-easterly direction. The trough started to form in the Mesozoic on the Paleozoic folded base and continued in the Cenozoic. The trough is characterized by a complex structure of shafts and deflections complicated by ruptures.Aim. To investigate the insufficiently studied ruptures of the platform cover, which are difficult to map due to minor displacements of their wings.Materials and methods. The method of specialized mapping of crustal fault zones based on a analysis genetically related of ruptures families was used. A network of 18 points of geological and structural observations in rocks of different ages of the sedimentary cover was created.Results. A rank structural-genetic analysis of fractures mapped in rocks of different ages and composition revealed specific features associated with the gradual development of the trough. The ruptures identified in the rocks of the pre-Cenozoic cover of the platform satisfy the parageneses of the compression zone, the dextral strike-slip zone and the extension zone of the north-eastern strike. Deformations in Cenozoic sediments belong to the parageneses of dextral strike-slip zone and the extension zone. These parageneses consist of strike-slip and normal faults.Conclusions. The Cenozoic Pre-Baikal submontane trough was formed under strike-slip and extension conditions. The compression stage is highlighted in the Pre-Cenozoic base.
Features of the sedimentation, stratigraphy and carbon isotope record of the upper Tournaisian of the Verkhnyaya Usa depression (Polar Urals)
Authors: Plotitsyn A. N. , Vevel Ya. A. , Gruzdev D. A. , Sobolev D. B. 
Published: January 2023

Research subject. Upper Tournaisian clayey-siliceous-carbonate deposits of the Malaya Usa section (Polar Urals).Material and methods. The composition and structure of the deposits (50 samples, 51 thin sections) of the section were considered to determine the conditions of sedimentation; 13 samples were chemically disintegrated in 7–10% solution of acetic acid, and thin sections were studied for biostratigraphic analysis (conodonts, ostracods, and foraminifers); the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate deposits (49 samples) were analyzed. A three-stage screening test of samples for isotopic-studies was carried out.Results. The Malaya Usa section comprises mainly micritic limestones with fossils silicified to various degree (wackstone to packstone). The features and composition of the sediments indicate sedimentation in low dynamic conditions below the wave base. Biostratigraphic analysis is based on the identification of foraminifers, as well as a few conodonts and ostracods. Foraminifers characterize the Eotextularia diversa–Dainella chomatica Zone, which is approximately comparable to the Upper typicus–anchoralis–latus conodont zonal interval and Entomoprimitia malinovkaensis‑Marginia tschigovae ostracode zones of the top of the Tournaisian. The isotope-geochemical data obtained from the section demonstrate a general lightening trend in the isotopic composition of δ13Ccarb up the section. This trend, along with the biostratigraphic data, mades it possible to compare the δ13Ccarb sequence of the Malaya Usa section with sequences from a number of geographically separated sections of the world (Belgium, South China, USA), which are considered as the Tournaisian isotope carbon event (TICE).Conclusions. The deposits of the studied section were probably formed under the conditions of a very gentle slope (ramp), where the material accumulated at the foot as a filling sequence in the southern part of the Korotaikha intrashelf paleodepression. Using the Malaya Usa section as an example, it is shown that not only the peak positive deviations of the TICE in the upper part of the isosticha Zone and in the lower part of the typicus Zone, but also the isotopic structure of the upper Tournaisian has a significant correlation potential. The use of the isotope-geochemical method as an auxiliary application to biostratigraphy made it possible to improve the age determination of the section from the interval of the Upper typicus–anchoralis–latus conodont zonal interval to the Upper typicus Zone of the standard conodont zonation.
Medium-term earthquake forecasts by the LURR method on the example of the strongest earthquakes of the 21st century
Authors: Zakupin A. S. , Boginskaya N. V. 
Published: January 2023

Aim. To carry out a retrospective forecast of the eight strongest earthquakes (with a magnitude greater than 8) of the 21st century using the Load/Upload Response Ratio (LURR) method.Methods. Calculations were performed according to the authors’ original data processing technique, which had been successfully tested while studying the seismicity of Sakhalin Island. A significant advantage of this methodology consists in using fixed (basic) parameters of mathematical processing and sampling of calculated earthquakes (geometry of the calculation area and sequestration by magnitude). This enables researchers to conduct not only retrospective studies, but also real-time forecasting. In the present paper, a seismic catalog of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was used.Results. For four of the considered earthquakes, precursors in the form of anomalies of the LURR parameter were identified. These anomalies had manifested themselves in periods from six months to two years before the earthquake, which is consistent with our results for Sakhalin. At the same time, no other anomalies (false alarms) were recorded in three cases. For the other four earthquakes, no anomalies were recorded at all. It is noted that the level of seismic activity (in the operating range of magnitudes) in these cases allows the smoothing window to be reduced. In some cases, the calculation for a window twice as small (180 days) revealed pre cursors, at the same time as contributing to the appearance of additional, false anomalies.Conclusions. It was confirmed that the authors’ methodology for data preparation and calculation parameters selection, as well as the LURR method, apparently have limited possibilities for extrapolating to various seismically active regions of the planet. There may be different reasons, which have not been considered in the present paper due to the uncertainty associated with the capabilities of the USGS network.
De Winstanley à Beccaria. Les premiers argumentaires abolitionnistes de la peine capitale (1649-1764)
Authors: Pierrard François 
Published: January 2023

Il est généralement admis que l’abolitionnisme de la peine de mort est né avec le traité Des délits et des peines de Beccaria (1764). Pourtant, quelques travaux ont révélé l’existence d’argumentaires abolitionnistes plus anciens en Italie, en France et surtout outre-Manche, dès la Révolution anglaise, en 1649. Au premier abord, ces discours divergent considérablement. Pourtant, un examen attentif révèle que par-delà les différences, ces premiers plaidoyers contre la peine de mort partagent le plus souvent deux même logiques argumentatives : une remise en cause de la responsabilité pénale et une contestation de l’existence du pouvoir du glaive. En définitive, ces premiers abolitionnistes préconisent généralement les travaux forcés, au nom d’un utilitarisme pénal, qui repose essentiellement sur une forme de déterminisme (la cause du crime est extrinsèque au criminel ou déterminée physiquement) et sur un rejet du rétributivisme (le crime n’est plus une atteinte à l’ordre naturel de la société qu’il convient de rétablir).
Critiques de l’histoire et histoire critique
Authors: Régibeau Julien 
Published: January 2023

En partant de l’appel lancé en 2014 par Jo Guldi et David Armitage à travers la publication de l’History Manifesto, cet article a pour objectif de revenir sur la place des discours historiques académiques dans la société occidentale au 21e siècle. Cela implique de faire un retour sur la « crise de l’histoire » diagnostiquée par de nombreux chercheurs à partir de la fin des années 1980 et dont l’History Manifesto se fait l’écho lointain. Le thème de la crise est ici décomposé afin d’en saisir les différentes facettes stratégiques, sociales, épistémologiques et culturelles. Il ressort de l’analyse que les défis adressés par le présent au passé sont une occasion de dépasser l’herméneutique du déclin afin de s’intéresser plutôt aux nouveaux modes critiques d’interroger l’histoire, les solutions expérimentées ne se limitant pas à l’emploi du temps long d’inspiration braudélienne défendue par le manifeste. Il est enfin rappelé que la réflexion sur l’expertise à laquelle tendent à prétendre les historiens de métier va de pair avec la prise en charge des implications critiques et politiques d’une telle ambition.
Une expérience de philosophie sur le terrain du travail social : approche éthique et construction méthodologique
Authors: Toularastel Florie 
Published: January 2023

Cet article a pour objectif de décrire mon expérience de terrain dans une association de santé communautaire par et pour les travailleurs et travailleuses du sexe active en France dans une ville X, et de déployer mes décisions et leurs motifs dans la production d’une méthodologie propre. Je propose aussi d’interroger la pertinence d’une participation active au terrain vis-à-vis de la problématique : comment le travail social communautaire produit-il une connaissance de la précarité distincte de celle qui est produite dans le travail social gouvernemental ? J’essaie ainsi, à la suite des éthiques du care, de penser le soin comme un outil de connaissance, et de saisir les inflexions qu’il permet dans la compréhension de la vulnérabilité.
« L’objectivité en sciences humaines » ce vers quoi il faut tendre ? L’objectivité selon une historienne située, entretien avec Geneviève Warland
Authors: Banse Camille , Colpaint Emilie , Rutsaert Camille 
Published: January 2023

Docteure en histoire, licenciée en philosophie (maîtrise) et détentrice d’un master en Français Langue Etrangère, Geneviève Warland est professeure en historiographie et histoire publique à l’UCLouvain. Ses recherches en historiographie s’inscrivent dans la perspective transnationale des transferts culturels sur la période allant de 1870 jusqu’à l’entre-deux-guerres. Elles concernent, pour l’essentiel, les historiographies allemande, belge, française et néerlandaise. Les thématiques abordées portent essentiellement sur le rôle public de l’historien : l’historien comme intellectuel, l’impact des guerres sur son activité et sa compréhension de l’histoire, les représentations de la nation et de l’Europe, l’historien comme membre de réseaux et acteur de la collaboration scientifique. Ses recherches en histoire publique visent, quant à elles, à promouvoir la médiation des savoirs historiques en lien avec les nouveaux médias et supports virtuels. Le nouvel axe majeur dans ce cadre concerne l’élaboration d’une nouvelle histoire de Belgique en vue de son bicentenaire.
Awareness Enhancement on Atomic Energy and Nuclear Technology Applications Using ICT
Authors: Busagala L.S.P. , Kayanda A.M. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: There have been a lot of applications of atomic energy and nuclear technology in different development activities in Tanzania but it seems that people are not aware of this. On the other hand, ICT has been reported to enhance the awareness of various issues. It is not known how much ICT takes a role in enhancing the awareness of atomic energy and nuclear applications in Tanzania. This study therefore aimed at uncovering the role of ICT in enhancing awareness of atomic energy and nuclear technology applications in Tanzania.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a quantitative method whereby a five scale Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data from higher education students and the public. The descriptive statistics and a t-test were used as part of the analysis of the findings.
Findings: The results show that generally, most students and people from the public are not aware of the applications of nuclear technology in Tanzania (Mean: 3.18) and most of them (Mean: 3.42) have not been using ICT to get information on nuclear technology application in Tanzania. It was also found that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) between students and the public in both awareness and perception of the use of ICT to increase awareness with a small effect (0.2<d<0.5).
Implications/Research Limitations: The study involved university/college students in all fields and also the people from the public from any field and any study level; which may call for more studies on more specific groups. The study focused on Tanzania which may be limited to the environment present.
Practical Implication: This study is useful in the process of taking necessary measures on increasing awareness among Tanzanians and especially students who can be the future experts in the field of nuclear technology.
An Improved Mathematical Representation of Mohr’s Failure Criterion For Brittle Materials
Authors: Sackey S.M. , Ngewana T. Z. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper addresses issues bearing on accuracy neglected by earlier failure theories such as Rankine’s and Mohr’s. The overall aim is thus to present a thorough analysis of Mohr’s failure criterion and offer an improved model.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The foundation of the methodology is Mohr’s criterion for predicting the failure of brittle isotropic homogeneous materials, built on the foundation of test results from three simple cases namely, pure tension, pure compression, and pure torsion. Thus the methodology involves first carrying out a critical analysis of Mohr’s model, followed by encapsulation of Mohr’s three simple monolithic cases in one generic equation of a circle whose parameters can be varied to match specific principal loading conditions more correctly. Experimental data are then used to validate the improved model.
Findings: The work’s output is a material evaluation procedure that consists of a set of simple mathematical tests, any one of which predicting failure first, would then indicate the overall failure of the structural component under investigation. Results show clearly that this approach, i.e. using one parametric generic equation to represent material strength, is not only feasible but also robust. It offers an accurate method for predicting the failure of a brittle material under complex stresses.
Research Limitation: Improvised conditions for biaxial data collection were less than ideal.
Practical implication: The study recommended that other brittle materials beyond cast iron be included in any further studies to broaden the scope of applicability of the findings.
Social implication: The research adds new literature and findings to an old subject. With this new knowledge, bookmakers could shape the way brittle materials are used in engineering design.
Originality / Value: The value of the study lies in the fact that to date very few failure theories exist that cater fully satisfactorily to brittle materials. The rigour of the methodology confers potential for its application beyond brittle materials.
Capability Analysis of Drift-Inherent Processes: Case of Nail Wire Drawing
Authors: Sackey S. M. , Ahmed I. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The central purpose of the study is to model the process capability of drift-inherent manufacturing processes by testing the efficacy of a novel approach that filters trend from raw process data before applying statistical process control tools. A secondary aim was to ascertain the intrinsic capability of the process following the filtering.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Specifically, the study focused on processes in a nail-wire drawing and tested a method for analysing data from naturally-drifting processes that involves filtering trends from data before applying appropriate tools to verify the state of statistical control and capability of the process. The physical foundation for this work is based on data collected from a nail-wire drawing process A total of 250 data points were gathered over 50 days in two successive instances of 125 points, each spanning 25 days. Data were checked for normality followed by mathematical conditioning to filter out the wear trend before analysis by normal statistical process capability and control chart procedures.
Findings: Results show that the proposed method is effective for tracking hidden effects in steadily drifting processes such as those associated with wear. After filtering, the data is found to fall within product specifications, though robust statistical control was still required through appropriate measures.
Research Limitation: To investigate the intrinsic nature of the process outside of the process, material wear is assumed to be the sole source of the inherent drift. In processes where several sources of inherent drift are present, this may pose a problem. Additionally, the study focused on just one plant; however, data from other similar plants will be needed to buttress the findings and widen the scope of applicability of the findings.
Practical implication: The competitive pressures of today’s marketplace are increasingly forcing companies to place premium emphasis on product quality while aiming at the lowest costs possible. The study recommends continuous and sustained efforts to reduce variation in manufacturing processes to brighten firms’ competitive survival.
Social implication: The study will bring new knowledge to metal product manufacturers that can help them deliver high-quality products and value for money to consumers.
Originality / Value: New insights afforded by the study’s approach include revelations of otherwise hidden measurement errors as well as undersized finishing-die. Any other out-of-control occurrences can then be more easily tracked and identified and root-cause analysis applied to eliminate them. This is a practical study that seeks to develop an innovative way to monitor the quality of processes whose tracking is made difficult by inherent drift. The easy-to-adopt methodology can be implemented by metal product manufacturers grappling with drift-inherent processes.