bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large ferro–pyro–phototronic effect in 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 thin films integrated on silicon for photodetection
Authors: Silva José P. B. , Gwozdz Katarzyna , Marques Luís S. , Pereira Mario , Gomes Maria J. M. , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Hoye Robert L. Z. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoupling together the ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic characteristics within a single material is a novel way to improve the performance of photodetectors. In this work, we take advantage of the triple multifunctionality shown by 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT), as demonstrated in an Al/Si/SiOx/BCZT/ITO thin‐film device. The Si/SiOx acts as an n‐type layer to form a metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor heterostructure with the BCZT, and with Al and ITO as electrodes. The photo‐response of the device, with excitation from a violet laser (405 nm wavelength), is carefully investigated, and it is shown that the photodetector performance is invariant with the chopper frequency owing to the pyro‐phototronic effect, which corresponds to the coupling together of the pyroelectric and photovoltaic responses. However, the photodetector performance was significantly better than that of the devices operating based only on the pyro‐phototronic effect by a factor of 4, due to the presence of ferroelectricity in the system. Thus, after a poling voltage of −15 V, for a laser power density of 230 mW/cm2 and at a chopper frequency of 400 Hz, optimized responsivity, detectivity, and sensitivity values of 13.1 mA/W, 1.7 × 1010 Jones, and 26.9, respectively, are achieved. Furthermore, ultrafast rise and fall times of 2.4 and 1.5 µs, respectively, are obtained, which are 35,000 and 36,000 times faster rise and fall responses, respectively, than previous reports of devices with the ferro–pyro–phototronic effect. This is understood based on the much faster ferroelectric switching in ferroelectric thin films owing to the predominant 180° domains in a single direction out of plane.
Partial return calculator to compare monocrop, relay‐intercrop, and double crop production systems
Authors: Lindsey Laura E. , Richer Eric , McGlinch Gregory J. , Lindsey Alexander J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo improve profitability, farmers are interested in relay intercrop (RI; planting a second crop prior to harvest of the first crop) and double crop (DC; planting a second crop after harvest of the first crop) systems. Economic comparisons can be challenging due to fluctuations in expenses and crop prices. To compare production systems, an Excel‐based partial return calculator was developed. The calculator includes default values for crop yields, expenses, and prices using current information. Additionally, practitioners have the option to enter and use their own values. The objectives of this management guide are to: (a) provide an overview of the calculator; (b) compare partial return of monocrop (MC), RI, and DC production systems; and (c) provide a mechanism for practitioners to use their own values to compare production systems. The partial return calculator compares six production systems, including winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) only, wheat + straw harvest, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] only, wheat (grown in 15‐inch row width) with soybean as a RI, wheat with soybean as a DC, and wheat + straw harvest with soybean as a DC. Partial return for each production system was calculated by subtracting costs (including economic value of P2O5 and K2O removed in harvested portions) from gross return. Using default values, wheat followed by DC soybean and straw harvest resulted in the highest partial return while wheat grown as a MC resulted in the lowest return. Although default values provide a comparison, practitioners should enter their own values to compare production systems.
Association Between ABCG2, ABCB1, ABCC2 Efflux Transporter Single‐Nucleotide Variants and Irinotecan Adverse Effects in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Real‐Life Study
Authors: Barnett‐Griness Ofra , Rennert Gad , Lejbkowicz Flavio , Pinchev Mila , Saliba Walid , Gronich Naomi 
Published: December 2022

Among patients treated with irinotecan, homozygous carriers of the UGT1A1*28 allele are at increased risk for neutropenia, but UGT1A1 genotype alone does not account for irinotecan‐induced toxicity. Our aim was to study the association between single‐nucleotide variants in genes encoding for efflux transporters of irinotecan (ABCG2, ABCB1, and ABCC2) and toxicity in real life. The source population was a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in Northern Israel, who had undergone genome‐wide association study. From the source population we chose the patients with CRC prescribed irinotecan, and a comparative cohort of patients with CRC treated with other anticancer systemic therapies. Using Clalit Health Services electronic medical records (including laboratory results) we ascertained hematological and gastrointestinal adverse effects and mortality, within 90 days of the first dose, as a composite outcome. There were 601 patients with CRC who received irinotecan, and 756 patients with CRC treated with other anticancer regimens. The minor allele in rs2231142 (ABCG2) was associated with lower incidence of the composite outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 0.54 (0.33, 0.91); P = 0.02) in irinotecan‐treated patients with CRC, but not in patients with CRC treated with other regimens. ABCB1 rs1045642 and ABCC2 rs3740066 were not associated with the composite outcome. In a sensitivity analysis, adjusted for UGT1A1 status and for possible demographic and clinical confounders, adjusted OR was 0.56 (0.33, 0.94) for the association between rs2231142 (ABCG2) and the composite outcome. In conclusion, we describe a novel association between the minor allele of rs2231142 in the efflux transporter gene ABCG2 and protection against severe side effects in CRC patients treating with irinotecan.
Intelligent power control of wind conversion system based on Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model
Authors: Abderrahim Sahbi , Allouche Moez , Chaabane Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis paper comes up with a novel fuzzy control design for a wind conversion system (WCS). To do this, a boost converter is employed to adjust the rectified voltage under different wind speed levels. Initially, the boost converter model is well presented via the Takagi–Sugeno approach. Then, a T‐S fuzzy controller is designed to promptly calculate the duty cycle required for an optimal power operation. Afterward, the optimal DC current is determined and then transferred to the reference model to instantly determine the desired trajectories. These latter should be preserved so as to reach the maximum power. Following that, linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are also used to guarantee the stability analyses and the performance. Finally, the sound performance and the validity of the suggested control schema are both proved by a numerical and some experimental results.
Analysis of per capita contributions from a spatial model provides strategies for controlling spread of invasive carp
Authors: Schoolmaster Donald R. , Coulter Alison A. , Kallis Jahn L. , Glover David C. , Dettmers John M. , Erickson Richard A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetapopulation models may be applied to inform natural resource management to guide actions targeted at location‐specific subpopulations. Model insights frequently help to understand which subpopulations to target and highlight the importance of connections among subpopulations. For example, managers often treat aquatic invasive species populations as discrete populations due to hydrological (e.g., lakes, pools formed by dams) or jurisdictional boundaries (e.g., river segments by country or jurisdictional units such as states or provinces). However, aquatic invasive species often have high rates of dispersion and migration among heterogenous locations, which complicates traditional metapopulation models and may not conform to management boundaries. Controlling invasive species requires consideration of spatial dynamics because local management activities (e.g., harvest, movement deterrents) may have important impacts on connected subpopulations. We expand upon previous work to create a spatial linear matrix model for an aquatic invasive species, Bighead Carp, in the Illinois River, USA, to examine the per capita contributions of specific subpopulations and impacts of different management scenarios on these subpopulations. Managers currently seek to prevent Bighead Carp from invading the Great Lakes via a connection between the Illinois Waterway and Lake Michigan by allocating management actions across a series of river pools. We applied the model to highlight how spatial variation in movement rates and recruitment can affect decisions about where management activities might occur. We found that where the model suggested management actions should occur depend crucially on the specific management goal (i.e., limiting the growth rate of the metapopulation vs. limiting the growth rate of the invasion front) and the per capita recruitment rate in downstream pools. Our findings illustrate the importance of linking metapopulation dynamics to management goals for invasive species control.
Interspecific allometric scaling in eDNA production among northwestern Atlantic bony fishes reflects physiological allometric scaling
Authors: Yates Matthew C. , Wilcox Taylor M. , Stoeckle M. Y. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRelating environmental DNA (eDNA) signal strength to organism abundance requires a fundamental understanding of eDNA production. A number of studies have demonstrated that eDNA production may scale allometrically—that is, larger organisms tend to exhibit lower mass‐specific eDNA production rates, likely due to allometric scaling in key processes related to eDNA production (e.g., surface area, excretion/egestion). While most previous studies have examined intraspecific allometry, physiological rates and organism surface area also scale allometrically across species. We therefore hypothesize that eDNA production will similarly exhibit interspecific allometric scaling. To evaluate this hypothesis, we reanalyzed previously published eDNA data from Stoeckle et al. (ICES Journal of Marine Science, 78(1), 293–304, 2021) which compared metabarcoding read count to organism count and biomass data obtained from trawl surveys off the New Jersey coast. Using a Bayesian model, we empirically estimated the value of the allometric scaling coefficient (“b”) for Northwestern Atlantic bony fishes to be 0.77 (credible interval = 0.64–0.92), although our model failed to converge for Chondrichthyan species. We found that integrating allometry significantly improved correlations between organism abundance and metabarcoding read count relative to traditional metrics of abundance (density and biomass) for bony fishes. Although substantial unexplained variation remains in the relationship between read count and organism abundance, our study provides evidence that eDNA production may scale allometrically across species in some contexts. Future studies investigating the relationship between eDNA signal strength and metrics of fish abundance could potentially be improved by accounting for allometry; to this end, we developed an online tool that can facilitate the integration of allometry in eDNA/abundance relationships.
General principles for assignments of communities from eDNA: Open versus closed taxonomic databases
Authors: Blackman Rosetta C. , Walser Jean‐Claude , Rüber Lukas , Brantschen Jeanine , Villalba Soraya , Brodersen Jakob , Seehausen Ole , Altermatt Florian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful tool for describing biodiversity, such as finding keystone species or detecting invasive species in environmental samples. Continuous improvements in the method and the advances in sequencing platforms over the last decade have meant this approach is now widely used in biodiversity sciences and biomonitoring. For its general use, the method hinges on a correct identification of taxa. However, past studies have shown how this crucially depends on important decisions during sampling, sample processing, and subsequent handling of sequencing data. With no clear consensus as to the best practice, particularly the latter has led to varied bioinformatic approaches and recommendations for data preparation and taxonomic identification. In this study, using a large freshwater fish eDNA sequence dataset, we compared the frequently used zero‐radius Operational Taxonomic Unit (zOTU) approach of our raw reads and assigned it taxonomically (i) in combination with publicly available reference sequences (open databases) or (ii) with an OSU (Operational Sequence Units) database approach, using a curated database of reference sequences generated from specimen barcoding (closed database). We show both approaches gave comparable results for common species. However, the commonalities between the approaches decreased with read abundance and were thus less reliable and not comparable for rare species. The success of the zOTU approach depended on the suitability, rather than the size, of a reference database. Contrastingly, the OSU approach used reliable DNA sequences and thus often enabled species‐level identifications, yet this resolution decreased with the recent phylogenetic age of the species. We show the need to include target group coverage, outgroups and full taxonomic annotation in reference databases to avoid misleading annotations that can occur when using short amplicon sizes as commonly used in eDNA metabarcoding studies. Finally, we make general suggestions to improve the construction and use of reference databases for metabarcoding studies in the future.
Slope stability evolution of a deep‐seated landslide considering a constantly deforming topography
Authors: Pfeiffer Jan , Zieher Thomas , Schneider‐Muntau Barbara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSlow‐moving deep‐seated landslides are characterised by continuous deformation, constantly changing topography and sliding‐mass geometry. Deformation rates are predominantly controlled by temporal dynamics of pore pressure. Progressing movements typically cause an over‐steepening of a landslide's foot, making these areas more susceptible to secondary slope failures and piggyback slides that, once they occur, change the geometric boundary conditions of a slope. This study presents an integrated topographic monitoring and geomechanical modelling approach, which is suitable for both model‐based replication of the landslide's hydro‐meteorological drivers and assessment of the long‐term effect of topographic changes on the stability behaviour of a large deep‐seated landslide. Parametrised at the Vögelsberg landslide (Tyrol, Austria) the integrated approach quantified considerable mass relocations between 2007 and 2020 at the landslide's foot and assessed respective effects on slope stability. Additionally, scenarios of past and future topographies were reconstructed and projected. Mass relocations of the order of 25 000 m3 were assessed between multiple airborne laser scanning acquisitions covering a period of 13 years. Based on annual uncrewed aerial vehicle laser scanning campaigns, area‐wide 3D displacements were analysed, exceeding a magnitude of 200 cm a−1 at small parts (2.500 m2) on the steeper foot of the active landslide. The main landslide body (0.28 km2) moves considerably slower with movements of 2–10 cm a−1. Besides spatio‐temporally varying hydrological drivers, topographic changes can have a severe impact on slope stability and therefore modify the spatiotemporal activity of the landslide. It is shown that, besides the hydrometeorological drivers, the varying elevation of the landslide's toe is a key parameter determining the long‐term trend of slope stability. With the presented approach the formation and evolution of the Vögelsberg landslide can be understood and explained.
Raising the Dead? Limits of CPR and Harms of Defensive Practices
Authors: Skowronski George , Kerridge Ian , Light Edwina , McErlean Gemma , Stewart Cameron , Preisz Anne , Sheahan Linda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe describe the case of an eighty‐four‐year‐old man with disseminated lung cancer who had been receiving palliative care in the hospital and was found by nursing staff unresponsive, with clinically obvious signs of death, including rigor mortis. Because there was no documentation to the contrary, the nurses commenced cardiopulmonary resuscitation and called a code blue, resulting in resuscitative efforts that continued for around twenty minutes. In discussion with the hospital ethicist, senior nurses justified these actions, mainly citing disciplinary and medicolegal concerns. We argue that moral harms arise from CPR performed on a corpse and that legal concerns about failing to perform it are unfounded. We contend that such efforts are an unintended consequence of managerialist policies mandating do‐not‐resuscitate orders and advance care plans and of defensive practices that can value the interests of institutions and practitioners over those of patients. Health management teaching should include managerialism and its pitfalls, while clinician training should prioritize ethical reasoning and legal knowledge over defensive practice.
Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduating medical students towards sexual health in Lebanon
Authors: Saab Reem , Habib Paola Abi , Hamdan Mohammed , El Hayek Rawad , Daher Darine , El Hage Hassan Malika , Doumat George , El Kak Faysal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of graduating medical students in Lebanon regarding sexual health, as well as their readiness to learn about it, and to determine the demographic and educational factors that influence our findings.MethodsCross‐sectional study. A self‐designed questionnaire exploring various components of sexual health was sent to 578 graduating medical students in Lebanon. Knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were computed and analyzed.ResultsThe overall mean knowledge score was relatively low (2.61, range −13 to 10). A statistically significant difference was found in the mean knowledge score across religion (P = 0.028) and religiosity (P < 0.001) categories. The mean practice score also differed significantly across income groups (P = 0.010). No other significant associations were found between gender, sexuality, environment, primary source of sexual health education, or language and the mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores.ConclusionAdditional standardized assessment of medical students' competences in sexual health matters through diverse research models is needed. Re‐examination of existing medical curricula and inclusion of more extensive sexual health education is necessary to improve patient care.
Fetal echocardiography in a low‐income setting: relying on local Maternal‐fetal medicine experts for detection of fetal cardiac anomalies
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Abdosh Abdulfetah Abdulkadir , Gudu Wondimu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the experience of performing fetal echocardiography (FE) to detect fetal cardiac anomalies prenatally in an Ethiopian setting.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), from October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020. Data for FE cases (on a risk‐factor indication basis) performed at 22–24 weeks at the hospital during the study period were collected prospectively and analyzed using SPSSS version 23. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results were presented as percentages and frequencies.ResultsA total of 142 women who had FE were analyzed in this study. Fetal structural defect in other systems and maternal diabetes mellitus were the commonest indications for FE, seen in 48.2% (67/142) and 25.7% (36/142) of the participants, respectively. There were 5 cases (3.5%) of fetal cardiac anomalies among which were hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary stenosis, and cardiac tumor.ConclusionThe prevalence of fetal cardiac anomalies in this study was found to be 3.5%. Fetal structural defects and maternal diabetes mellitus were the commonest indications for FE which is consistent with findings from previous similar studies.
Treatment for mild hypertension in pregnancy with different strategies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zhichao , Wang Jing , Carru Ciriaco , Chen Youren , Li Zhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antihypertensive treatment for mild pregnancy hypertension.MethodsWe searched various databases from inception to June 2022, using keywords including hypertension; pregnancy; therapy; treatment; pregnancy outcomes; maternal outcomes; and perinatal outcomes. Only RCTs of antihypertensive treatment for mild hypertension in pregnancy comparing placebo/no therapy were included. We used Review Manager version 5.3 for statistical analyses.ResultsIn all, eight studies were eligible, with a total of 4211 participants. Compared with control, the active treatment significantly prevented preeclampsia (OR 0.55; 95%CI, 0.39–0.78), placental abruption (OR 0.39; 95%CI, 0.17–0.91), severe hypertension (OR 0.35; 95%CI, 0.17–0.71), end–organ dysfunction (OR 0.34; 95%CI, 0.19–0.62) and preterm birth (OR 0.69; 95%CI, 0.59–0.82), with no increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) (OR 1.25; 95%CI, 0.78–2.00), or admission to the NICU (OR 0.83; 95%CI, 0.54–1.28). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the tight control group did not show an advantage over the less‐tight control group in improving pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionIn pregnant women with mild pregnancy‐induced hypertension or chronic hypertension, antihypertensive treatment still provided precise benefits of improving pregnancy outcomes without increased risk in fetal outcomes.
Adapting Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up for infants and young children with intellectual disabilities and developmental delays in South Africa: Reflections and recommendations from local stakeholders
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Riaz , Sterkenburg Paula , van Rensburg Esmé , Schuengel Carlo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAttachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC) is an intervention targeted at enhancing the socioemotional and regulatory functioning of at‐risk infants. However, to use the ABC for infants/toddlers with intellectual disabilities/developmental delays (ID/DD) and in novel cultural contexts, such as South Africa, adaptations may be required. This study aimed, therefore, to explore the opinions of clinical experts and perceptions of caregivers regarding the use of ABC for children with ID/DD in South Africa. It also sought to incorporate the experiences of families of children with ID/DD who received, and intervenors who delivered, ABC in its first implementation in South Africa. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants. Thematic analysis explicated 12 main themes: Intervention Strengths, Points of Concern, and Recommendations (Experts); Focus on Caregiver‐child Relationship, and Intervention Targets and Duration (Caregivers); Benefits of ABC, and Cultural Considerations (ABC Recipients); Focused and Targeted, Value of Feedback, Supportive Supervision, Working Alliance, and Challenges Experienced (ABC Intervenors). Practice and training recommendations include psychoeducation for parents and training for intervenors that is ID/DD‐specific, expanding supervision capacity, building intervenors’ cultural/linguistic sensitivity and competence, accessing referral networks, including local Community Health Workers as intervenors, and greater flexibility in how the sessions are organized.