bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory effort during sleep and the rate of prevalent type 2 diabetes in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Martinot Jean‐Benoit , Le‐Dong Nhat‐Nam , Borel Anne‐Laure , Tamisier Renaud , Malhotra Atul , Pépin Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the association between total sleep time (TST) spent in increased respiratory effort (RE) and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of individuals with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) referred for in‐laboratory polysomnography (PSG).Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional study using the clinical data of 1128 patients. Non‐invasive measurements of RE were derived from the sleep mandibular jaw movements (MJM) bio‐signal. An explainable machine‐learning model was built to predict prevalent type 2 diabetes from clinical data, standard PSG indices, and MJM‐derived parameters (including the proportion of TST spent with increased respiratory effort [REMOV [%TST]).ResultsOriginal data were randomly assigned to training (n = 853) and validation (n = 275) subsets. The classification model based on 18 input features including REMOV showed good performance for predicting prevalent type 2 diabetes (sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.89). Post hoc interpretation using the Shapley additive explanation method found that a high value of REMOV was the most important risk factor associated with type 2 diabetes after traditional clinical variables (age, sex, body mass index), and ahead of standard PSG metrics including the apnoea‐hypopnea and oxygen desaturation indices.ConclusionsThese findings show for the first time that the proportion of sleep time spent in increased RE (assessed through MJM measurements) is an important predictor of the association with type 2 diabetes in individuals with OSA.
Fire activity across Cretaceous/Paleogene transition: Evidence from pyrogenic biomarkers preserved in the Mahadeo‐Cherrapunji section, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Pal Sucharita , Shrivastava Jaya Prakash , Kalpana Munnuru Singamshetty 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious studies on high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) present in the shallow‐marine Um‐Sohryngkew River (USR) Cretaceous/Paleogene Boundary (KPB) section suggested regional fire incidences and biotic stress on life. However, such observations at the USR site have not been confirmed so far anywhere else in the region, we, therefore, do not know whether the signal was local or regional. Thus, to find out charred organic markers associated with the shelf facies KPB outcrop (at a distance of over 5 km) of the Mahadeo‐Cherrapunji road (MCR) section, PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Data show a notable rise in the PAHs and exhibit maximum abundance in the shaly KPB transition layer (in biozone P0) and the immediately underlying layer. The PAH excursions match well with the major incidences of the Deccan volcanic episodes and convergence of the Indian plate with the Eurasian and Burmese plates. These events were responsible for seawater disturbances and eustatic and depositional changes, including the retreat of the Tethys. The incidence of high amount of pyogenic PAHs unrelated to the total organic carbon content is suggestive of wind‐blown or aquatic system transportation. A down‐thrown shallow‐marine facies of the Therriaghat block was responsible for an early accumulation of PAHs. However, the spike of perylene in the immediately underlying KPB transition layer is plausibly linked to the Chicxulub impact crater core. Anomalous concentrations of combustion‐derived PAHs together with the high fragmentation and dissolution of the planktonic foraminifer shells show marine biodiversity and biotic distress. Significantly, the pyrogenic PAH excursions are restricted to either the KPB layer itself or strictly below or above it, indicating regional fire incidences and attendant KPB transition (66.016 ± 0.050 Ma).
Effects of the salivary gland massage program in older type 2 diabetes patients on the salivary flow rate, xerostomia, swallowing and oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jeamanukulkit Supanee , Vichayanrat Tippanart , Samnieng Patcharaphol 
Published: June 2023

AimTo evaluate the effect of a salivary gland massage program to improve salivary flow, swallowing, and oral hygiene in older type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsThis randomized control trial consisted of 73 older diabetes patients with a low salivary flow; 39 and 34 in intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention group received a salivary gland massage from a trained dental nurse, whereas the control group received a dental education. The salivary flow rates were collected using spit methods at baseline, 1‐month and 3‐month follow up. All participants were examined for the objective and subjective symptoms of xerostomia, the Simplified Debris Index and the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test.ResultsAfter 3 months, the resting (0.32 vs 0.14 mL/min, P < 0.001) and stimulating salivary flow (3.66 vs 2.83 mL/min, P = 0.025) in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group. The objective symptoms in the intervention group were significantly lower than the control group after 3 months (1.41 vs 2.26, P = 0.001). The participants who were able to swallow least three times in the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test in the intervention group increased by 35.89% after 3 months, whereas the control group increased by 8.82%. Oral hygiene was improved in both groups, but the changes in the intervention were significantly greater than in the control group.ConclusionsThe 3‐month salivary glands massage program increases the salivary flow rate, and affects swallowing, objective dry mouth symptoms and oral hygiene in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 549–557.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine and acute medication overuse: A subgroup analysis
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Lipton Richard B. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Kudrow David , Ashina Messoud , Reuter Uwe , Dodick David W. , Wang Andrea , Cheng Sunfa , Klatt Jan , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssess the long‐term efficacy and safety of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine with acute medication overuse.BackgroundOveruse of acute medication in patients with chronic migraine has been linked to greater pain intensity and disability and may diminish the effectiveness of preventive therapies.MethodsThis 52‐week open‐label extension study followed a 12‐week double‐blind placebo‐controlled study in which patients with chronic migraine were randomized 3:2:2 to placebo or once‐monthly erenumab 70 mg or 140 mg. Patients were stratified by region and medication overuse status. Patients received erenumab 70 mg or 140 mg throughout or switched from erenumab 70 to 140 mg (based on protocol amendment to augment safety data at higher dose). Efficacy was assessed in patients with and without medication overuse at parent study baseline.ResultsOf 609 patients enrolled in the extension study, 252/609 (41.4%) met the criteria for medication overuse at parent study baseline. At Week 52, the mean change in monthly migraine days from parent study baseline was −9.3 (95% confidence interval: −10.4, −8.1 days) in the medication overuse subgroup versus −9.3 (−10.1, −8.5 days) in the non‐medication overuse subgroup (combined erenumab doses); proportion of patients achieving ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days at Week 52 was 55.9% (90/161; 48.2%, 63.3%) versus 61.3% (136/222; 54.7%, 67.4%), respectively. Among baseline users of acute migraine‐specific medication, the mean change in monthly migraine‐specific medication days at Week 52 was −7.4 (−8.3, −6.4 days) in the medication overuse subgroup versus −5.4 (−6.1, −4.7 days) in the non–medication overuse subgroup. Most patients (197/298; 66.1%) in the medication overuse subgroup transitioned to non‐overuse status by Week 52. Erenumab 140 mg was associated with numerically greater efficacy than erenumab 70 mg across all endpoints. No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionLong‐term erenumab treatment demonstrated sustained efficacy and safety in patients with chronic migraine with and without acute medication overuse.
Prophylactic immunization to Helicobacter pylori infection using spore vectored vaccines
Authors: Katsande Paidamoyo M. , Nguyen Van Duy , Nguyen Thi Lan Phuong , Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc , Mills Gabrielle , Bailey David M. D. , Christie Graham , Hong Huynh Anh , Cutting Simon M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection remains a major public health threat leading to gastrointestinal illness and increased risk of gastric cancer. Mostly affecting populations in developing countries no vaccines are yet available and the disease is controlled by antimicrobials which, in turn, are driving the emergence of AMR.Materials and MethodsWe have engineered spores of Bacillus subtilis to display putative H. pylori protective antigens, urease subunit A (UreA) and subunit B (UreB) on the spore surface. Following oral dosing of mice with these spores, we evaluated immunity and colonization in animals challenged with H. pylori.ResultsOral immunization with spores expressing either UreA or UreB showed antigen‐specific mucosal responses (fecal sIgA) including seroconversion and hyperimmunity. Following challenge, colonization by H. pylori was significantly reduced by up to 1‐log.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the utility of bacterial spores for mucosal vaccination to H. pylori infection. The heat stability and robustness of Bacillus spores coupled with their existing use as probiotics make them an attractive solution for either protection against H. pylori infection or potentially for therapy and control of active infection.
Parent's preferences for unscheduled paediatric healthcare: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Nicholson Emma , McDonnell Thérèse , Conlon Ciara , De Brún Aoife , Doherty Edel , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnscheduled healthcare is a key component of healthcare delivery and makes up a significant proportion of healthcare access, with children being particularly high users of unscheduled healthcare. Understanding the relative importance of factors that influence this behaviour and decision‐making is fundamental to ensuring the system is best designed to meet the needs of users and foster appropriate cost‐effective usage of health system resources.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify the parent's preferences for unscheduled healthcare for a common mild childhood illness.DesignA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was developed to identify the preferences of parents accessing unscheduled healthcare for their children.Setting and ParticipantsData were collected from parents in Ireland (N = 458) to elicit preferences across five attributes: timeliness, appointment type, healthcare professional attended, telephone guidance before attending and cost.ResultsUsing a random parameters logit model, all attributes were statistically significant, cost (β = −5.064, 95% confidence interval, CI [−5.60, −4.53]), same‐day (β = 1.386, 95% CI [1.19, 1.58]) or next‐day access (β = 0.857, 95% CI [0.73, 0.98]), coupled with care by their own general practitioner (β = 0.748, 95% CI [0.61, 0.89]), identified as the strongest preferences of parents accessing unscheduled healthcare for their children.DiscussionThe results have implications for policy development and implementation initiatives that seek to improve unscheduled health services as understanding how parents use these services can maximise their effectiveness.Patient or Public ContributionThe development of the DCE included a qualitative research component to ensure that the content accurately reflected parents experiences when seeking healthcare. Before data collection, a pilot test was carried out with the target population to gather their views on the survey.
Missing pieces: Integrating the socialist world in global health history
Authors: Vargha Dora 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of recent histories of medicine and global health from a socialist perspective, and maps out possible new directions of research. It focuses on key themes in the history of medicine in Eastern Europe, its global connections and Latin American, East Asian and African contexts. Through a discussion of international professional and diplomatic networks, health systems, medical technologies and aid and technical assistance, the essay argues that integrating missing actors, ideas and practices is crucial for a complete understanding of global health history.
Predictors of female age, health and attractiveness perception from skin feature analysis of digital portraits in five ethnic groups
Authors: Voegeli Rainer , Campiche Remo , Biassin Romain , Rawlings Anthony V. , Shackelford Todd K. , Fink Bernhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveResearch indicates the impact of skin colour, tone evenness and surface topography on ratings of age, health and attractiveness in women. In addition to subjective assessments, these effects have been quantified with objective measures derived from skin image analysis. Signs of skin ageing may manifest differently across ethnic groups. However, comparisons have been limited to research with two ethnic groups, preventing conclusions about an ethnicity‐specific ranking of skin ageing signs.MethodsWe report results from a multi‐ethnic and multi‐centre study in which faces of women (n = 180; aged 20–69 years) from five ethnic groups were imaged. Facial images were rated for age, health and attractiveness by members of the same ethnic group (each n = 120). Digital image analysis was used to quantify skin colour, gloss, tone evenness and wrinkling/sagging. We assessed associations between face ratings and skin image measurements in the total sample (i.e. all ethnic groups) and separately by ethnicity.ResultsSkin image analysis revealed differences between ethnic groups, including skin colour, gloss, tone evenness, wrinkling and sagging. Differences in the relative predictive utility of individual skin features in accounting for ratings of age, health and attractiveness also were observed between ethnic groups. Facial wrinkling and sagging were the best predictors of face ratings in each ethnic group, with some differences in the type (or predictive magnitude) of skin features.ConclusionThe current findings corroborate previous reports of differences between ethnic groups in female facial skin and indicate differential effects of skin features on ratings of age, health and attractiveness, within and between ethnic groups. Facial wrinkling and sagging were the best predictors of age and attractiveness ratings, and skin tone evenness and gloss had an additional role in ratings of health.
A psychological examination of attachment insecurity, loneliness, and fear of missing out as drivers of retail patronage among emerging adults
Authors: Rippé Cindy B. , Smith Brent , Gala Prachi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent consumer literature has shown that attachment insecurity (i.e., anxious, avoidant) enhances individual's motivations for retail shopping. We extend that literature using attachment theory to explain how attachment insecurity, loneliness (i.e., social, emotional), and fear of missing out (FoMO) affect retail patronage. We posit that these three negatively valenced psychosocial conditions generally incline emerging adult consumers toward retail patronage to resolve their relational deficits. Based on results from partial least squares‐structural equation modeling (n = 509), we find support for most of our hypotheses. The study presents previously unavailable knowledge about antecedents of FoMO and multiple negative psychosocial drivers of retail patronage. We provide a foundation for future scholarship to examine more broadly how attachment, loneliness, and FoMO impact consumer behavior. Managerial and theoretical implications are also provided.
Association between molar hypomineralization, genes involved in enamel development, and medication in early childhood: A preliminary study
Authors: da Silva Fernanda Mafei Felix , de Carvalho Flávia Martinez , Franco Ana Luiza Meneguci Moreira , Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andréa , Vieira Alexandre Rezende , Neves Aline de Almeida , de Castro Costa Marcelo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMolar hypomineralization (MH) is defined as a multifactorial condition, and thus, its presence may be defined by interactions between environmental and genetic factors.AimTo evaluate the association between MH, genes involved in enamel development, and the use of medication during pregnancy in early childhood.DesignOne hundred and eighteen children, 54 with and 64 without MH, were studied. The data collected included demographics, socioeconomic data, and the medical history of mothers and children. Genomic DNA was collected from saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ameloblastin (AMBN; rs4694075), enamelin (ENAM; rs3796704, rs7664896), and kallikrein (KLK4; rs2235091) were evaluated. These genes were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan chemistry. The software PLINK was used to compare allele and genotype distributions of the groups and to assess the interaction between environmental variables and genotypes (p < .05).ResultsThe variant allele KLK4 rs2235091 was associated with MH in some children (odds ratio [OR]: 3.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–7.81; p = .001). Taking medications in the first 4 years of life was also associated with MH (OR: 2.94; 95% CI = 1.02–6.04; p = .041) and specifically in association with polymorphisms in ENAM, AMBN, and KLK4 (p < .05). The use of medications during pregnancy was not associated with MH (OR: 1.37; 95% CI = 0.593–3.18; p = .458).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that taking medication in the postnatal period appears to contribute to the etiology of MH in some evaluated children. There may be a possible genetic influence of polymorphisms in the KLK4 gene with this condition.
Arrival of Normative Power in Planetary Politics
Authors: Manners Ian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis lead article in a JCMS symposium marking 20 years of normative power provides a prospective intervention into thinking through the rest of the century by taking the language of Arrival, the 2016 speculative fiction film based on Ted Chiang's 1998 short ‘Story of Your Life’ and applying it to normative power by double‐decolonising the anthropocentrism of capitalist culture and Eurocentrism in order to arrive at planetary politics. The article will first reflect on the 20‐year development of the normative power approach to arrive at a language of comprehension. The subsequent sections will then set out a mode of simultaneous awareness, a medium of sharing relationships and a means for action in concert found in the normative power approach before concluding on how planetary symbiosis is the story of our lives.
LncRNA SNHG1 knockdown inhibits hyperglycemia induced ferroptosis viamiR‐16‐5p/ACSL4 axis to alleviate diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Fang Xiangdong , Song Jianling , Chen Yanxia , Zhu Shuying , Tu Weiping , Ke Ben , Wu Lidong 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyperglycemia accelerates the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by inducing renal tubular injury. Nevertheless, the mechanism has not been elaborated fully. Here, the pathogenesis of DN was investigated to seek novel treatment strategies.MethodsA model of diabetic nephropathy was established in vivo, the levels of blood glucose, urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and iron were measured. The expression levels were detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. H&E, Masson, and PAS staining were used to assess kidney tissue injury. The mitochondria morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interaction was analyzed using a dual luciferase reporter assay.ResultsSNHG1 and ACSL4 were increased in kidney tissues of DN mice, but miR‐16‐5p was decreased. Ferrostatin‐1 treatment or SNHG1 knockdown inhibited ferroptosis in high glucose (HG)‐treated HK‐2 cells and in db/db mice. Subsequently, miR‐16‐5p was confirmed to be a target for SNHG1, and directly targeted to ACSL4. Overexpression of ACSL4 greatly reversed the protective roles of SNHG1 knockdown in HG‐induced ferroptosis of HK‐2 cells.ConclusionsSNHG1 knockdown inhibited ferroptosis via the miR‐16‐5p/ACSL4 axis to alleviate diabetic nephropathy, which provided some new insights for the novel treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Consistent hearing aid use is associated with lower fall prevalence and risk in older adults with hearing loss
Authors: Campos Laura , Prochazka Allan , Anderson Melinda , Kaizer Alexander , Foster Carol , Hullar Timothy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls and their sequelae cost more than $50 billion every year. Older adults with hearing loss are at 2.4 times greater risk of falls than their normal hearing peers. Current research is inconclusive about whether hearing aids can offset this increased fall risk, and no previous studies considered if outcomes differed based on the consistency of hearing aid use.MethodsIndividuals 60 years and older with bilateral hearing loss completed a survey consisting of the Fall Risk Questionnaire (FRQ) and questions about hearing loss history, hearing aid use, and other common fall risk factors. In this cross‐sectional study, fall prevalence, as well as fall risk (based on FRQ score), was compared between hearing aid users and non‐users. A separate group of consistent hearing‐aid users (at least 4 h daily use for more than 1 year) was also compared with inconsistent/non‐users.ResultsResponses from 299 surveys were analyzed. Bivariate analysis found 50% reduced odds of experiencing a fall for hearing aid users compared with non‐users (OR = 0.50 [95% CI: 0.29–0.85], p = 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, hearing loss severity, and medication usage, those who reported any hearing aid use still had lower odds of falls (OR = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.26–0.90], p = 0.02) and lower odds of being at risk for falls (OR = 0.36 [95% CI: 0.19–0.66] p < 0.001) than non‐users. Results for consistent hearing aid users demonstrate an even stronger association of lowered odds of falling (OR = 0.35 [95% CI: 0.19–0.67], p < 0.001) and lower odds of being at risk for falls (OR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.12–0.59], p < 0.001), suggesting a potential dose–response relationship.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that use of hearing aids—especially consistent hearing aid use—is associated with lower odds of experiencing a fall or being classified as at risk for falls in older individuals with hearing loss.