bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting implementation of patient-reported outcome and experience measures in a pediatric health system
Authors: McCabe Erin , Rabi Sarah , Bele Sumedh , Zwicker Jennifer D. , Santana Maria J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in pediatric clinical practice can enhance clinical care and bring children and families’ perspectives into evaluations of healthcare services. Implementing these measures is complex and requires a thorough assessment of the context of implementation The purpose of this study is to describe the barriers and facilitators to PROMs and PREMs implementation and to recommend strategies for implementing these measures in a pediatric health system.

Methods
We used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyse data from interviews to understand the experiences of PROMs and PREMs users across different pediatric settings in a single Canadian healthcare system.

Results
There were 23 participants representing a variety of roles within the healthcare system and pediatric populations. We found five main factors that affected implementation of PROMs and PREMs in pediatric settings: 1) Characteristics of PROMs and PREMs; 2) Individual’s beliefs; 3) Administering PROMs and PREMs; 4) Designing clinical workflows; and 5) Incentives for using PROMs and PREMs. Thirteen recommendations for integrating PROMs and PREMs in pediatric health settings are provided.

Conclusions
Implementing and sustaining the use of PROMs and PREMs in pediatric health settings presents several challenges. The information presented will be useful for individuals who are planning or evaluating the implementation of PROMs and PREMs in pediatric settings.
A study on the effect of preoperative warming on post-induction core temperature and incidence of postoperative shivering in patients under general anesthesia
Authors: Aloysius Lawrence , Balakrishnan Mallika , Ravindran Subha , Krishna Jagathnath 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Inadvertent perioperative hypothermia (IPH) defined as core temperature below 36.0 °C is a common complication of general anesthesia with prevalence up to 70%. Warming of peripheral tissues prior to induction of anesthesia reduces the central to peripheral temperature gradient, thereby minimizing central heat loss due to heat redistribution, after induction of anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prewarming on post-induction core temperature and incidence of perioperative inadvertent hypothermia leading to postanesthetic shivering (PAS) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.
This is a single-arm study performed after authorization from the scientific review committee (IRB no.:10/2015/05) in a cohort of patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years in ASA I and II physical status, undergoing GA for elective surgeries lasting less than 3 h. Rates of IPH and PAS in 60 patients who were warmed before anesthesia over a 30-min period with a forced-air warmer set at 38.0 °C were compared with existing data from an equal number of cohorts who received only intraoperative warming, during similar surgical procedures according to routine GA.
Comparisons between the two groups were made using the Student’s t-test and chi-square test. A paired t-test or Wilcoxon’s signed rank test was applied for pairwise comparisons. The results were considered statistically significant when the P-value was < 0.05.

Results
The mean decrease in core temperature in the unwarmed group was 0.7 °C (+ /- 0.23) compared with a 0.2 °C decrease (+ /- 0.06) in the prewarmed group of patients. A total of 31.70% of patients in the unwarmed group developed IPH compared with one patient (1.7%) in the prewarmed group shortly after onset. Twenty-six patients (43.30%) in the unwarmed group had hypothermia at the end of surgery, compared with one patient (1.7%) in the prewarmed group. Shivering was observed in 46% of patients in the unwarmed group, while no shivering was observed in the prewarmed group.

Conclusions
Preoperative warming is an effective intervention to reduce the frequency of core temperature drops after induction of anesthesia, thereby preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia and the incidence of postoperative shivering.
Examining Cancer Patients' Perceptions of the Impact of COVID-19 on Teleoncology: Findings From 15 Nigerian Outpatient Cancer Clinics
Authors: Joseph Adedayo , Shour Abdul R. , Lasebikan Nwamaka N. , Jimoh Mutiu A. , Adegboyega Bolanle C. , Nwachukwu Emmanuella , Awofeso Opeyemi , Ajose Azeezat , Ibraheem Abiola , Fatiregun Omolara Aminat , Ali-Gombe Musa , Aliyu Usman M. , Kotkat Abdallah Elsaid , Biyi-Olutunde Olusegun Abayomi , Oboh Evaristus Oseiwe , Zubairu Ismail H. , Haider Mohammad Rifat , Olatosi Bankole , Puthoff David , Onitilo Adedayo A. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE To examine cancer patients' perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on teleoncology in Nigeria. METHODS Data from a multicenter survey conducted at 15 outpatient clinics to 1,097 patients with cancer from April and July 2020 were analyzed. The study outcome was telemedicine, defined as patients who reported their routine follow-up visits were converted to virtual visits because of COVID-19 (coded yes/no). Covariates included patient age, ethnicity, marital status, income, cancer treatment, service disruption, and cancer diagnosis/type. Stata/SE.v.17 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) was used to perform chi-square and logistic regression analyses. P values ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The majority of the 1,097 patients with cancer were female (65.7%) and age 55 years and older (35.0%). Because of COVID-19, 12.6% of patients' routine follow-ups were converted to virtual visits. More patients who canceled/postponed surgery (17.7% v 7.5%; P ≤ .001), radiotherapy (16.9% v 5.3%; P ≤ .001), and chemotherapy (22.8% v 8.5%; P ≤ .001), injection chemotherapy (20.6% v 8.7%; P ≤ .001) and those who reported being seen less by their doctor/nurse (60.3% v 11.4%; P ≤ .001) reported more follow-up conversions to virtual visits. In multivariate analyses, patients seen less by their doctors/nurses were 14.3 times more likely to have their routine follow-ups converted to virtual visits than those who did not (odds ratio, 14.33; 95% CI, 8.36 to 24.58). CONCLUSION COVID-19 caused many patients with cancer in Nigeria to convert visits to a virtual format. These conversions were more common in patients whose surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and injection chemotherapy treatments were canceled or postponed. Our findings suggest how COVID-19 affects cancer treatment services and the importance of collecting teleoncological care data in Nigeria.
Scalable Parallel Nonlinear Optimization with PyNumero and Parapint
Authors: Rodriguez Jose S. , Parker Robert B. , Laird Carl D. , Nicholson Bethany L. , Siirola John D. , Bynum Michael L. 
Published: March 2023

We describe PyNumero, an open-source, object-oriented programming framework in Python that supports rapid development of performant parallel algorithms for structured nonlinear programming problems (NLP’s) using the Message Passing Interface (MPI). PyNumero provides three fundamental building blocks for developing NLP algorithms: a fast interface for calculating first and second derivatives with the AMPL Solver Library (ASL), a number of interfaces to efficient linear solvers, and block-structured vectors and matrices based on NumPy, SciPy, and MPI that support distributed parallel storage and computation. PyNumero’s design enables efficient, parallel algorithm development using high-level Python syntax while keeping expensive numerical calculations in fast, compiled implementations based on languages like C and Fortran. To demonstrate the utility of PyNumero, we also present Parapint, a Python package built on PyNumero for parallel solution of dynamic optimization problems. Parapint includes a parallel interior-point solver based on Schur-Complement decomposition. We illustrate the effectiveness of PyNumero for developing parallel algorithms with both code examples and scalability analyses for parallel matrix-vector dot products, parallel solution of structured systems of linear equations using Schur-Complement decomposition, and the parallel solution of a two-dimensional PDE optimal control problem. Our numerical results show nearly perfect scaling to more than 1,000 cores for large matrix-vector dot products and structured linear systems. Moreover, we obtain more than 354 times speedup for the optimal control example. History: Accepted by Alice Smith, EIC/Ted Ralphs, Area Editor/Software Tools. Funding: This work was funded in part by the Institute for the Design of Advanced Energy Systems (IDAES) with funding from the Office of Fossil Energy, Cross-Cutting Research, U.S. Department of Energy. This work was also funded by Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1272 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0285 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7192328 ).
Integrating Users’ Contextual Engagements with Their General Preferences: An Interpretable Followee Recommendation Method
Authors: Ran Yaxuan , Liu Jiani , Zhang Yishi 
Published: March 2023

Users’ contextual engagements can affect their decisions about who to follow on online social networks because engaged (versus disengaged) users tend to seek more information about the interested topic and are more likely to follow relevant accounts successively. However, existing followee recommendation methods neglect to consider contextual engagement by only relying on users’ general preferences. In the light of the chronological characteristic of the user’s following behavior, we draw on the engagement theory and propose an interpretable algorithm, namely preference-engagement latent Dirichlet allocation (PE-LDA), which integrates users’ contextual engagements with their general preferences for followee recommendation. Specifically, we suggest that if engaged in the current interest, a user will be more likely to select a followee relevant to that interest. If not, the user tends to select a followee according to their general preference. To implement this framework, we extend the original LDA by (1) introducing an indicator to represent whether the user is engaged in the current interest or not and (2) allowing a potential dependency between a user’s successive interests to describe the condition of contextual engagement. We conduct extensive experiments using a real-world Twitter data set. Results demonstrate the superior performance of PE-LDA compared with several existing methods. History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science and Machine Learning. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71702066, 71802192, 71832010, 72172112, and 72272152]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.1284 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0172 ) at ( http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460938 ).
Medical attitudes towards transgender patients
Authors: Bashir Seher , Fend Maximillian , Sarfraz M Aamer 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aims Those identifying as transgender make up a significant and growing number of individuals. They face discrimination in healthcare and have been known to have adverse physical and mental health outcomes because of stigma. A study was carried out to ascertain how doctors perceive and interact with their transgender patients. Methods The attitudes of doctors, working in mental and physical healthcare settings in a borough in south-east England, towards transgender patients were evaluated by administering a standardised questionnaire. Results The response rate was 22%. Most doctors who responded had encountered a transgender patient, but consultants were more likely to identify and interact with them comfortably, used their preferred pronouns, and knew about policies relating to their care than trainee doctors. Conclusions These findings add to the growing data regarding the perceptions about transgender patients in healthcare settings.
Teacher Stress During the First Wave of COVID-19 Infections: An Analysis According to Demographic and Labor Variables
Authors: Vargas-Rubilar Natalia Andrea , Oros Laura Beatriz 
Published: March 2023

<p style="text-align:justify">The purpose of this study was to analyze the work situations that education professionals perceived as stressful during the first wave of COVID-19 infections, and their possible variation according to demographic characteristics and working conditions. Empirical, quantitative, ex-post-facto, cross-sectional study was carried out, in which participated 9,058 teachers (86.9% women; M age = 41.08; SD = 8.82) who completed a semi-structured questionnaire of demographic and labor information and a scale of teacher stressors in the context of a pandemic. It was used Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) with post hoc Bonferroni contrasts to study the variations in the perception of stress according to demographic and work variables. The MANOVAs indicated significant variations in the perception of stress according to the teachers' gender, age, marital status, having dependents (children and parents), the level of education of the teacher, the employment situation (permanent vs. transitory), teaching seniority, the type of educational management, the number of students in charge and the number of weekly working hours (for all cases, Hotelling's F with p <.001). </p>
Das Extended-Reality-Canvas – Wie können Unternehmen XR-Projekte erfolgreich implementieren?
Authors: Pöhler Ludger , Belda Fabian , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungExtended-Reality-Technologien (XR-Technologien) haben in den vergangenen Jahren einen erheblichen technologischen Fortschritt erfahren. In der Arbeitswelt wird ihre Implementierung mit zahlreichen Vorteilen, wie z. B. Produktivitätssteigerungen, geringeren Kosten und verbessertem Lernen assoziiert. Dennoch stellt die disruptive XR-Technologie Unternehmen bei der Implementierung vor zahlreiche Herausforderungen, die sich von einer veränderungsresistenten Unternehmenskultur bis hin zu gesundheitlichen Bedenken bei Mitarbeitern erstrecken. Unternehmen fehlt es an Instrumenten, die das Innovationsmanagement bei der Überwindung dieser Hürden spezifisch unterstützen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde daher das XR-Canvas entwickelt, das als Workshop-Instrument zur Spezifikation und Implementierung von XR-Projekten in Unternehmen eingesetzt werden kann. Es integriert elf Handlungsfelder in den Dimensionen Technologie, Organisation, Umwelt und Anwender, die auf Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche identifiziert wurden. Abgeleitet von Experteninterviews werden final Handlungsempfehlungen gegeben, wie das Canvas die XR-Implementierung unterstützen und die organisationale Ambidextrie fördern kann. Somit liefert dieser Beitrag einerseits Erkenntnisse, welche Faktoren die XR-Implementierung beeinflussen. Andererseits liefert er eine Innovationsmethode, um diese Einflussfaktoren strukturiert in XR-Anwendungsfällen zu spezifizieren.
Association of hospital centrality in inter-hospital patient-sharing networks with patient mortality and length of stay
Authors: Bergmark Regan W. , Jin Ginger , Semco Robert S. , Santolini Marc , Olsen Margaret A. , Dhand Amar 
Published: March 2023

Objective
The interdependence of hospitals is underappreciated in patient outcomes studies. We used a network science approach to foreground this interdependence. Specifically, within two large state-based interhospital networks, we examined the relationship of a hospital’s network position with in-hospital mortality and length of stay.

Methods
We constructed interhospital network graphs using data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and the American Hospital Association Annual Survey for Florida (2014) and California (2011). The exposure of interest was hospital centrality, defined as weighted degree (sum of all ties to a given hospital from other hospitals). The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and length of stay with sub-analyses for four acute medical conditions: pneumonia, heart failure, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction. We compared outcomes for each quartile of hospital centrality relative to the most central quartile (Q4), independent of patient- and hospital-level characteristics, in this retrospective cross-sectional study.

Results
The inpatient cohorts had 1,246,169 patients in Florida and 1,415,728 in California. Compared to Florida’s central hospitals which had an overall mortality 1.60%, peripheral hospitals had higher in-hospital mortality (1.97%, adjusted OR (95%CI): Q1 1.61 (1.37, 1.89), p<0.001). Hospitals in the middle quartiles had lower in-hospital mortality compared to central hospitals (%, adjusted OR (95% CI): Q2 1.39%, 0.79 (0.70, 0.89), p<0.001; Q3 1.33%, 0.78 (0.70, 0.87), p<0.001). Peripheral hospitals had longer lengths of stay (adjusted incidence rate ratio (95% CI): Q1 2.47 (2.44, 2.50), p<0.001). These findings were replicated in California, and in patients with heart failure and pneumonia in Florida. These results show a u-shaped distribution of outcomes based on hospital network centrality quartile.

Conclusions
The position of hospitals within an inter-hospital network is associated with patient outcomes. Specifically, hospitals located in the peripheral or central positions may be most vulnerable to diminished quality outcomes due to the network. Results should be replicated with deeper clinical data.
Evaluation of outpatient treatment for non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19: The experience of a regional centre in the UK
Authors: Goodwin Amanda T. , Thompson Jonathan S. , Hall Ian P. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
Antivirals, such as molnupiravir, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralising monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs), such as sotrovimab, reduced the risk of hospitalisation and death in clinical trials of high-risk non-hospitalised patients with Covid-19. However, the real-world benefits of these drugs are unclear.

Aims
To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of high-risk patients referred for outpatient antiviral or nMAb treatment for symptomatic Covid-19.

Methods
The records of patients referred to a large UK Covid Medicines Delivery Unit (CMDU) over nine weeks (December 2021-February 2022) were reviewed. Data were collected on demographics, referral indications, vaccination, deprivation, treatment, complications, hospital admission, and mortality.

Results
1820 patients were referred to the CMDU, with 604 (33.2%) suitable for further assessment. 169 patients received sotrovimab, 80 patients received molnupiravir, 70 patients declined treatment, and 266 were ineligible for treatment because of resolving symptoms. There were trends towards higher proportions of female and white patients, lower deprivation scores, and malignancy- or transplant-related indications in the groups receiving treatment compared with untreated patients. Covid-19-related hospitalisations occurred in 1.2% of the treated group and 3.0% of the untreated group indicating a potential treatment effect, however Covid-related hospitalisations were lower than reported in the original clinical trials (2.2% compared with 7–10%).

Conclusion
The referral pathways for outpatient treatment of Covid-19 are inefficient, and the UK system may not be serving all groups equitably. Hospitalisation with Covid-19 was rare regardless of treatment. Ongoing service evaluation is required to ensure efficient use of resources for the outpatient management of Covid-19.
Changes in clinical markers observed from pharmacist-managed cardiovascular risk reduction clinics in federally qualified health centers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gonzalvo Jasmine D. , Meredith Ashley H. , Pastakia Sonak D. , Peters Michael , Eberle Madilyn , Schmelz Andrew N. , Pence Lauren , Triboletti Jessica S. , Walroth Todd A. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Reductions in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) have been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes and savings in medical expenditures. One public health approach has involved pharmacists within primary care settings. The objective was to assess change in HbA1C from baseline after 3–5 months of follow up in pharmacist-managed cardiovascular risk reduction (CVRR) clinics.

Methods
This retrospective cohort chart review occurred in eight pharmacist-managed CVRR federally qualified health clinics (FQHC) in Indiana, United States. Data were collected from patients seen by a CVRR pharmacist within the timeframe of January 1, 2015 through February 28, 2020. Data collected include: demographic characteristics and clinical markers between baseline and follow-up. HbA1C from baseline after 3 to 5 months was assessed with pared t-tests analysis. Other clinical variables were assessed and additional analysis were performed at 6–8 months. Additional results are reported between 9 months and 36 months of follow up.

Results
The primary outcome evaluation included 445 patients. Over 36 months of evaluation, 3,803 encounters were described. Compared to baseline, HbA1C was reduced by 1.6% (95%CI -1.8, -1.4, p<0.01) after 3–5 months of CVRR care. Reductions in HbA1C persisted at 6–8 months with a reduction of 1.8% ([95%CI -2.0, -1.5] p<0.01). The follow-up losses were 29.5% at 3–5 months and 93.2% at 33–36 months.

Conclusions
Our study augments the existing literature by demonstrating the health improvement of pharmacist-managed CVRR clinics. The great proportion of loss to follow-up is a limitation of this study to be considered. Additional studies exploring the expansion of similar models may amplify the public health impact of pharmacist-managed CVRR services in primary care sites.
Association of lymphopenia and RDW elevation with risk of mortality in acute aortic dissection
Authors: Yu Dan , Chen Peng , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Hongjie , Dhuromsingh Menaka , Wu Jinxiu , Qin Bingyu , Guo Suping , Zhang Baoquan , Li Chunwen , Zeng Hesong 
Published: March 2023

Objective
The study aimed to investigate whether lymphopenia and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) elevation are associated with an increased risk of mortality in acute aortic dissection (AAD).

Methods
This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled patients diagnosed with AAD by aortic computed tomographic angiography (CTA) from 2010 to 2021 in five teaching hospitals in central-western China. Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were used in univariable and multivariable models. Clinical outcomes were defined as all-cause in-hospital mortality, while associations were evaluated between lymphopenia, accompanied by an elevated RDW, and risk of mortality.

Results
Of 1903 participants, the median age was 53 (interquartile range [IQR], 46–62) years, and females accounted for 21.9%. Adjusted increased risk of mortality was linearly related to the decreasing lymphocyte percentage (P-non-linearity = 0.942) and increasing RDW (P-non-linearity = 0.612), and per standard deviation (SD) of increment lymphocyte percentage and RDW was associated with the 26% (0.74, 0.64–0.84) decrement and 5% (1.05, 0.95–1.15) increment in hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality, respectively. Importantly, lymphopenia and elevation of RDW exhibited a significant interaction with increasing the risk of AAD mortality (P-value for interaction = 0.037).

Conclusions
Lymphopenia accompanied by the elevation of RDW, which may reflect the immune dysregulation of AAD patients, is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Assessment of immunological biomarkers derived from routine tests may provide novel perspectives for identifying the risk of mortality.