bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Efficacy of Nano Bioactive Glass in Promoting Enamel Remineralization and Inhibiting Demineralization: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Qadiri Syed Yasir , Hossain Malik Mahmud Iqbal , Irum Bushra , Almobti Mohammed Naseer , Magbool Majid Ahmad Abdullah , Al Hutaylah Mohammed Hussain Mahdi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of nano bioactive glass 45S5 in promoting enamel remineralization and inhibiting demineralization, comparing it to traditional fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP treatments.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five freshly extracted human permanent premolar teeth were sectioned and exposed to a demineralization solution for 48 hours. The teeth were then treated with fluoride varnish (Group I), CPP-ACP paste (Group II), or nano bioactive glass 45S5 paste (Group III) for 10 days. Vickers microhardness was measured at three time points: baseline, postdemineralization, and postremineralization. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by post
hoc tests for pairwise comparisons.

Results:
Significant differences in enamel hardness were observed across all treatment groups at baseline (P < 0.001). After demineralization, Group III (bioactive glass) exhibited the highest postdemineralization hardness (P = 0.050). Post remineralization, Group III demonstrated the highest hardness (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bioactive Glass 45S5 showed superior remineralization and demineralization inhibition compared to traditional fluoride varnish and CPP-ACP treatments.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Virchow’s node: A 3-year experience in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South-Eastern belt of India
Authors: Katta Ramya , Chinnam Aparna , Prasad Uma , Bora Sreedhar 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The present study was taken up to assess the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosing left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and assess if the Virchow’s node still has the same clinical corollaries in recent times, where there has been a drastic change in epidemiology and therapy of cancers.

Material and Methods:
The present study is a 3-year retrospective analytical study conducted in the department of pathology in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

RESULTS:
A total number of 106 cases were received during the study period. The mean age of presentation was 45.86 ± 17.71 years, and the male-to-female incidence of 0.65. Malignant pathology outnumbered benign pathology. The most common malignant pathology was metastatic deposits. The most common primary malignancy was breast carcinoma in females and lung carcinoma in males.

CONCLUSION:
With the changing epidemiology of cancers, left supraclavicular nodes can be more commonly involved by supradiaphragmatic malignancies when compared to the yesteryears.
Development and assessment of “college student to community strategy” for enhancing tuberculosis case detection
Authors: Joshi Bhavna Pramod , Tayade Deepak Narayan , Salve Shobha Bansi , Almeida Andrea Anthony , Dhawan Abhishek 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Tuberculosis (TB) elimination is the top-most public health priority for India. Taking into account the dire need to enhance the detection of TB cases, an innovative model was developed and implemented.

AIM:
The aim is to develop and assess “college student to community strategy” for enhancing TB case detection.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A quasi-experimental study was conducted in seven different nonmedical degree colleges. A total of 134 students participated in this study. Information, education, and communication (IEC) sessions describing the epidemiology, presumptive case definition, control, and prevention of TB were conducted. Pretest and posttest were administered to capture knowledge about TB, including identification of presumptive TB cases. Data were analyzed with SPSS V. 25.0.

RESULTS:
A total of 134 participants were included in this study. Only 108 (80.6%) participants were aware of TB before the IEC session. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge about transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB before and after IEC activity. 118 (88.06%) participants felt confident regarding presumptive TB case detection. Two participants and three close contacts having presumptive TB symptoms were linked to the TB care pathway.

CONCLUSION:
College students who are equipped with the presumptive TB case detection knowledge can be instrumental in diagnosing the hidden burden of TB in the community. This will detect additional cases along with routine case detection through the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program.
Prevalence of insomnia and its association with itch in chronic pruritic dermatoses: A cross-sectional study from a tertiatry care hospital
Authors: Rajeshwari K. A. , Ravishankar Vinutha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Sleep and itch are two important factors to be considered in understanding the psychosocial adaptation of chronic skin disorders. There are research gaps in understanding the interplay of these symptoms in patients with chronic pruritus.

OBJECTIVE:
The primary objective of the study was to estimate the proportion of insomnia in patients with chronic pruritus. The secondary objective was to determine the association of insomnia with the various dimensions of itch.

METHODS:
This was a 6-month cross-sectional study done from September 1, 2022, to March 1, 2023, conducted in the outpatient services of the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital. Operational definitions for chronic pruritus and insomnia were defined. A sample of 162 patients with chronic pruritus was included in the study through convenience sampling. The included participants were asked to fill in the 5D itch scale and Insomnia Severity Index scale to assess itch and insomnia, respectively. Descriptive analysis was carried out for quantitative and categorical variables. The itch scores were compared between insomnia and noninsomnia groups with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and receiver operating characteristic analyses.

RESULTS:
Insomnia was reported in 66 (40.7%) of the patients with chronic pruritus. Irrespective of the dermatological diagnoses, total itch severity, degree, duration, and disability of itch were the factors associated with insomnia.

CONCLUSION:
There is an underestimated burden of insomnia in patients with chronic pruritus. The severity of insomnia was associated significantly with the total itch score, degree, duration, and disability dimensions of itch.
Exploring the impact of thyroid disorders on cognitive domains with Mini Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination: A prospective study
Authors: Sam Sona P. , Jose Riya , Poojary Bhavya , Wilson Merlin Maria , George Ann Elizabeth , Jeeragi Mallikarjuna V. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Cognitive impairment is a common issue among individuals with thyroid disorders, which can affect their cognitive abilities without completely interfering with their daily tasks. Early screening is important to provide social and psychological support and the best care and intervention. The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) assessment tool has been found to be more accurate and reliable in identifying Alzheimer’s disease from mild cognitive impairment and control groups.

OBJECTIVES:
The study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid disorders on various cognitive domains using the M-ACE tool and evaluate its practicality in assessing patients.

METHODS:
In a 6-month cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital, 202 thyroid patients were evaluated using the M-ACE tool to assess their cognitive status. The patient’s responses were scored to determine their overall cognitive status and the most affected cognitive domain. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and International Business Machines Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25, with a significance level of P < 0.05.

RESULTS:
This study found that 29.21% of the patients had cognitive impairment, with memory being the most affected domain (MCI = 10.17 ± 1.33 and dementia = 6.83 ± 1.66). A significant difference was observed between groups with no cognitive impairment, MCI, and dementia (P < 0.00001).

CONCLUSION:
In this study, thyroid disorders significantly affected attention, memory, language, and visuospatial domains of cognition, and memory was the most affected domain. This provides insight into the importance of early identification of cognitive decline, especially in thyroid patients. In addition, our findings suggest that the M-ACE questionnaire is a reliable and convenient tool for assessing cognitive status.
ADAR1 Gene Polymorphism and Hematological Analysis in Responders and Relapse Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Hameed Aseel Majeed , Al-Alwani Shakir , Zair Amira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is defined by the Break point cluster region and Abelson Genes (BCR-ABL) fusion gene, which produces a continuously active tyrosine kinase known as the primary driver responsible for initiating and sustaining the disease. The RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on double-stranded RNA 1 (ADAR1) converts adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNA substrates. This enzymatic process is crucial in cellular RNA editing and can impact disease progression and therapeutic responses in CML.

Objective:
Analysis of ADAR1 gene polymorphisms, ADAR1 levels, and hematological parameters in Iraqi patients with CML.

Materials and Methods:
From January 2021 to February 2023, one hundred and twenty samples of whole blood were collected from patients with CML at the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. The control group in this study comprised thirty samples of fresh whole blood. Total DNA genomic extraction was done to detect the ADAR1 gene polymorphism by sequencing. Furthermore, serum was used to detect ADAR1 enzyme level.

Results:
According to the age and male/female ratio, the patients’ groups were matching with control group. A group of CML patients on treatment, 65 out of 100 patients were on imatinib, while 35 were treated with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The patient groups in terms of age and gender ratio were matched with the control group. Among CML patients receiving treatment, 65 out of 100 were using imatinib, while 35 were treated with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In the newly diagnosed CML group, ADAR mutations were present in 35% of cases, and among treated CML patients, this proportion was 36%, whereas the control group showed no mutations (P < 0.001). The distribution of DNA polymorphisms—A/G, G/T, and G/G—was 42%, 30%, and 28%, respectively, among patients with CML, compared to 34%, 20%, and 46%, respectively, in the control group. There are significant differences between different groups according to genotyping of ADAR1 (P < 0.05). Based on ADAR1 mutation, there is a significant difference observed between the newly diagnosed CML group and the CML patients in the treatment group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Specifically, the differences between the new diagnosis CML group and the treatment group were not statistically significant (P = 0.326). Furthermore, both the new diagnosis CML group and the relapse group showed significant differences compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The P value associated with the correlation between ADAR mutation and these groups is <0.001, indicating a highly significant correlation.

Conclusion:
The current findings suggest that ADAR1 polymorphisms and ADAR1 enzyme levels in Iraqi patients with CML could potentially influence disease progression and deepen our understanding of its mechanisms. These factors may also contribute to disease development and affect how patients respond to treatment.
Technological Advances in Radiation Oncology
Authors: Rath Goura Kishor , Devnani Bharti , Gupta Atul Kumar , Aggarwal Depanshu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
One of the most technologically advanced treatment modalities for cancer is radiotherapy (RT). Because of advancements in computer and engineering over the past few decades, RT approaches have undergone significant modification. Our goal is to draw attention to the latest advancements in radiation oncology, with an emphasis on both biological and technological innovations. Modern treatment methods using photon beams, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and adaptive radiotherapy, will be demonstrated. A highly customized dosage distribution with the greatest amount of normal tissue preservation is feasible. Imaging, defining the tumor and the organs at risk, treatment planning, and, lastly, image-guidance for precise tumor localization both before and during treatment delivery will all be examined. The critical function that imaging plays throughout the entire process will receive special attention. In the case of adaptive radiotherapy, multimodality imaging that combines morphological, functional, and metabolic data is primarily responsible for the accurate identification of target volumes and the tracking of tumor response or change over the course of treatment. Furthermore, breathing adaptive approaches that correct for tumor movements caused by respiration require real-time imaging of the tumor. The recent popularity of particle beam therapy—specifically, the use of protons—as well as the relatively new experience with heavy particles like carbon ions will be briefly discussed. Lastly, we’ll examine the most recent biological developments in tumor targeting. In fact, the integration of radiobiological information to create more effective and individualized treatment plans has increased the efficacy of RT in addition to technological advancements.
Leprosy: A Mimicker of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Seth Gaurav , Singla Rajednder , Parwan Deepika , Gupta Astha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease which can affect the musculoskeletal system in one-third of the patients. Leprosy may manifest with symptoms that usually mimic classic autoimmune disease. A 71-year-old male presented to us with inflammatory arthritis with rheumatoid factor positivity and was being treated as rheumatoid arthritis. Skin and neuropathic symptoms with anticyclic citrullinated antibody negativity helped us keep leprosy as a differential. Therefore, a skin biopsy was performed which confirmed lepromatous leprosy. Initial presentation with musculoskeletal symptoms in leprosy can delay its diagnosis and treatment leading to increased morbidity.
Correlation of Pleural Fluid Analysis with Thoracoscopy Guided Biopsy in Undiagnosed Exudative Pleural Effusion
Authors: Vinod Athul , Mendiratta Manisha , Gupta Vipin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Despite having a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and thus pleural effusions, there is very little data or studies available based in India on pleural fluid analysis and thoracoscopic-guided biopsy, and their correlation with each other. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate various parameters of pleural fluid analysis with thoracoscopic-guided biopsy especially in undiagnosed pleural effusions in Indian setting.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective observational study was carried out in a total of 40 patients above 18 years of age after obtaining institutional ethics committee clearance and written informed consent who were admitted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre, from August 2022 to January 2024 covering a total duration of 18 months. The data were entered into MS excel and analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, standard deviation, and t-test was used to determine level of statistical significance which was set at 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was found to be 53.23 ± 19.95 years, male-to-female sex ratio was 1.6:1. The most common cause of exudative pleural effusion was tuberculous pleuritis (40%) followed by malignancy (22.5%). Shortness of breath (67.5%) and chest pain (50%) were the predominant clinical symptoms. Malignant pleural effusions showed a polymorphic predominant cytology while lymphocytic predominant cytology was present in chronic inflammatory effusions predominantly tubercular. Parapneumonic effusions exhibited elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels and more neutrophils in pleural fluid, whereas tubercular effusions demonstrated increased ADA levels with abundance of lymphocytes. Metastatic adenocarcinoma was the most common type of malignancy found on histopathology. Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and granulomas were the predominant findings on histopathological examination and imprint cytology, observed in 40% and 35% of the study participants, respectively. Pleural biopsy has a significantly higher diagnostic yield for TB as well as malignancy (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Medical thoracoscopy serves as an effective, safe, and well tolerate diagnostic tool for pulmonologists in assessing undiagnosed pleural effusions postthoracentesis.
Clinical Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Cronobacter sakazakii in the Northern Region of Oman
Authors: Sannathimmappa Mohan Bilikallahalli , Nambiar Vinod , Al-Alawi Osama Mohammed Salih Adnan , Al-Fragi Mouge Mohammad Salah , Al Mani Isra Mohammed Ali , Madan Zahra Merza Ahmed Hasan Ahmed , Al-Maqbali Salima , Aravindakshan Rajeev 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that mostly affects neonates, infants, and elderly people with weakened immune systems. No study has reported the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of C. sakazakii from Oman, and thus this study was conducted to fill this gap in the literature.

Materials and Methods:
This single-center retrospective study included C. sakazakii isolates identified from different clinical samples of patients treated at Sohar Hospital, Oman, between January 2017 and December 2023. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK II automated microbiological system in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results:
A total of 185 C. sakazakii isolates were included, most commonly from patients aged >60 years (42.7%) and <1 year (11.4%). C. sakazakii strains had high susceptibility (>80%) to most of the tested antibiotics; however, for beta-lactam antibiotics, it ranged from 0% to 50%. Approximately 26.5% of the strains were multidrug resistant. Independent risk factors for increased frequency of multidrug-resistant strains were urinary catheterization (P = 0.002), surgery (P = 0.021), previous antibiotic therapy (P = 0.047), and critical care unit admission (P = 0.048). About one-fifth of the patients experienced life-threatening C. sakazakii infections such as septicemia (15%) and pneumonia (4.7%). All deaths due to septicemia occurred in the >60 years (n = 12) and <1 year (n = 4) age groups.

Conclusions:

Cronobacter sakazakii isolates from the North Batinah region of Oman were most frequently isolated from elderly and infant patients and had high antibiotic susceptibility; however, the significant resistance against beta-lactams suggests their low effectiveness. The high number of multidrug-resistant strains coupled with the independent risk factors suggests the need for following stricter antibiotic stewardship protocols and infection control practices.
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Eosinophilic COPD in a Saudi Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Alshehri Fareed , Alghamdi Muath , Aloqabi Fatinah A. , Ibrahim Ahmed , Tayeb Nisreen , Hassosah Mohammed , Abu-Zaid Ahmed , Fan Hanan , Vali Yusuf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
This study assessed the prevalence of eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among a selected Saudi population and examined its correlation with baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, exacerbation risk, and current management.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective single-center study was conducted over a 2-year period. The patients were divided into two groups based on the blood eosinophil count at the time of diagnosis: eosinophilic COPD (≥300 cells/μl) and non-eosinophilic COPD (<300 cells/μl) groups.

Results:
Overall, 156 patients were included, of which 76 (48.7%) and 80 (51.3%) patients belonged to the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic COPD groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding age, gender, smoking status, coexisting morbidities, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and COPD severity (for all, P >0.05). Besides, there were no significant differences between both groups regarding the frequency and numbers of exacerbations, emergency room visits, in-patient hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions (for all, P >0.05). Among patients with eosinophilic COPD, 64 patients (84.2%) were correctly receiving the triple therapy of long-acting β2 agonists + long-acting muscarinic antagonist + inhaled corticosteroids, whereas 4 patients (5.26%) were incorrectly receiving the dual therapy of long-acting β2 agonists + inhaled corticosteroids. Univariate regression analyses revealed that heart failure, GOLD 3 severity, use of triple therapy, and use of non-invasive ventilation were significantly correlated with a higher risk of COPD exacerbation. Conversely, higher FEV1 was significantly correlated with lower risk of COPD exacerbation. The eosinophilic COPD phenotype was not found to be a significant independent variable of COPD exacerbation.

Conclusion:
This study found that among Saudi patients with COPD, there was no clinically important relationship between baseline blood eosinophil count and the rate of exacerbation.
Management of bark eating caterpillar, Indarbelaobliquifasciata in cocoa
Authors: V Anoosha , Rao N B V Chalapathi , Rao V Govardhan , B Neeraja , Kireeti A , Naidu L  Naram 
Published: January 2025

Bark eating caterpillar is now-a-days becoming one of the emerging lepidopteran pests of cocoa in Andhra Pradesh. The development of effective control strategies targeting Bark eating caterpillar, (Indarbela sp.) represents an emerging challenge due to the concealed nature of the pest. Use of botanicals, entomopathogens and green chemistry insecticides are considered a promising option in Integrated Pest Management strategies as an alternative to conventional insecticides. Results revealed that the Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (0.3 ml l-1) and Lamda cyhalothrin 5% EC (0.5 ml l-1), Napthalene balls powder, injection of Palm oil, Castor oil and Neem oil were more effective (as active holes became inactive i.e., frass ribbon not observed after treatment) than entomophatogens viz., Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for the management of Bark eating caterpillar.