bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient Temperature and Emergency Hospital Admissions in People Experiencing Homelessness: London, United Kingdom, 2011–2019
Authors: Hajat Shakoor , Sarran Christophe E. , Bezgrebelna Mariya , Kidd Sean A. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To assess the impacts of ambient temperature on hospitalizations of people experiencing homelessness. Methods. We used daily time-series regression analysis employing distributed lag nonlinear models of 148 177 emergency inpatient admissions with “no fixed abode” and 20 804 admissions with a diagnosis of homelessness in London, United Kingdom, in 2011 through 2019. Results. There was a significantly increased risk of hospitalization associated with high temperature; at 25°C versus the minimum morbidity temperature (MMT), relative risks were 1.359 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.216, 1.580) and 1.351 (95% CI = 1.039, 1.757) for admissions with “no fixed abode” and admissions with a homelessness diagnosis, respectively. Between 14.5% and 18.9% of admissions were attributable to temperatures above the MMT. No significant associations were observed with cold. Conclusions. There is an elevated risk of hospitalization associated with even moderately high temperatures in individuals experiencing homelessness. Risks are larger than those reported in the general population. Public Health Implications. Greater emphasis should be placed on addressing homeless vulnerabilities during hot weather rather than cold. Activation thresholds for interventions such as the Severe Weather Emergency Protocol (SWEP) could be better aligned with health risks. Given elevated risks at even moderate temperatures, our findings support prioritization of prevention-oriented measures, rather than crisis response, to address homelessness. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):981–984. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307351 )
Diversity of the US Public Health Workforce Pipeline (2016–2020): Role of Academic Institutions
Authors: Vichare Anushree , Park Yoon Hong , Plepys Christine M. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To develop a diversity index (DI) comparing the diversity of graduates across public health schools and programs in the United States and to examine characteristics associated with institutions’ graduate diversity. Methods. We analyzed longitudinal data from the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH) across 5 academic years (2016–2017 to 2020–2021) for 109 ASPPH members. The outcome was the percentage of underrepresented minority (URM) students among those with bachelor’s and graduate degrees in public health. The DI was constructed by dividing the percentage of URM graduates by the percentage of URM residents 20 to 35 years of age in the state where the ASPPH member was located. Results. The mean DI score increased from 0.7 in 2016 to 0.8 in 2020, but URM students remain underrepresented. A 1-percentage-point increase in the proportion of URM faculty members was associated with a 0.7-percentage-point increase in the proportion of URM graduates (P < .001). Conclusions. Although the diversity of the public health educational pipeline shows an upward trend, racial/ethnic minority students remain underrepresented in public health. We found that institutional characteristics such as faculty diversity, program degree level, and area of study were associated with student diversity. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):1000–1008. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307352 )
Hemiarthroplasty Versus Total Hip Arthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture in Elderly Patients
Authors: Edelstein Adam I. , Dillingham Timothy R. , McGinley Emily L. , Pezzin Liliana E. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
There is practice variation in the selection of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) or a hemiarthroplasty (HA) for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Large data sets are needed to compare the rates of rare complications following these procedures. We sought to examine the relationship between surgery type and secondary hip surgery (revision or conversion arthroplasty) at 12 months following the index arthroplasty, and that between surgery type and dislocation at 12 months, among elderly Medicare beneficiaries who underwent THA or HA for a femoral neck fracture, taking into account the potential for selection bias.

Methods:
We performed a population-based, retrospective study of elderly (>65 years of age) Medicare beneficiaries who underwent THA or HA following a femoral neck fracture. Two-stage, instrumental variable regression models were applied to nationally representative Medicare medical claims data from 2017 to 2019.

Results:
Of the 61,695 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria, of whom 74.1% were female and 92.2% were non-Hispanic White, 10,268 patients (16.6%) underwent THA and 51,427 (83.4%) underwent HA. The findings from the multivariable, instrumental variable analyses indicated that treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures with THA was associated with a significantly higher risk of dislocation at 12 months compared with treatment with HA (2.9% for the THA group versus 1.9% for the HA group; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the likelihood of 12-month revision/conversion between THA and HA.

Conclusions:
The use of THA to treat femoral neck fractures in elderly patients is associated with a significantly higher risk of 12-month dislocation, as compared with the use of HA, although the difference may not be clinically important. A low overall rate of dislocation was found in both groups. The risk of revision/conversion at 12 months did not differ between the groups.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
THE ROLE OF DRILLING PREDATION IN ISOLATED, NUTRIENT-POOR ECOSYSTEMS: FIRST INSIGHTS FROM RAPA NUI, POLYNESIA
Authors: MARTINELLI JULIETA C. , GORDILLO SANDRA , ARANZAMENDI M. CARLA DE , RIVADENEIRA MARCELO M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As a biotic interaction, drilling predation is affected by the evolutionary histories of the predator and prey, as well as the environment. A unique location with distinctive evolutionary histories and environmental conditions is the remote island of Rapa Nui. For mollusks, an evolutionary history in relative isolation has led to high rates of endemism (35–40%), in an area that has some of the most nutrient-poor waters of the global ocean. Here, we use death assemblages collected in Rapa Nui to answer two main questions: (1) How does a pervasive interaction like drilling predation play out in an isolated, oligotrophic marine system? and (2) What role do the environment (exposed vs. sheltered sites) and species traits (feeding, mobility, life habit) play in ‘protecting' the prey? We predicted that predation would be low relative to other tropical and subtropical islands given the oligotrophic conditions and found that the average drilling frequency (DF) was 5.67% (n = 6122). We observed no significant differences in DF between feeding guilds, mobility types, or life habits. Sheltered sites dominated by the infaunal bivalve Ctena bella had higher predation. In terms of passive defenses for C. bella, larger body size was not an effective defense against drilling predators. We show that drilling predation in Rapa Nui is lower than in high-latitude regions, and it is dependent on how sheltered or exposed sites are. Historically and currently, Rapa Nui has been subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors, including over-extraction and tourism, making efforts to understand its endemic species and their interactions fundamental.
Echocardiography predictors of sustained sinus rhythm after cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with septic shock
Authors: Balik Martin , Maly Michal , Brozek Tomas , Rulisek Jan , Porizka Michal , Sachl Robert , Otahal Michal , Brestovansky Petr , Svobodova Eva , Flaksa Marek , Stach Zdenek , Horejsek Jan , Volny Lukas , Jurisinova Ivana , Novotny Adam , Trachta Pavel , Kunstyr Jan , Kopecky Petr , Tencer Tomas , Pazout Jaroslav , Duska Frantisek , Krajcova Adela , Waldauf Petr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) are associated with two to five times increased mortality in septic shock and are fraught with high rates of recurrences. The echocardiography parameters may predict the maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion and success of the rhythm control approach.
Methods: Patients in septic shock with an onset of an SVA, a normal to moderately reduced LV systolic function (EF_LV˃̳35%) and on a continuous noradrenaline of less than 1.0 ug/kg.min were included. Echocardiography was performed at the arrhythmia onset, 1h and 4h post cardioversion on an infusion of propafenone or amiodarone. Electric cardioversions were indicated in low cardiac output and/or insufficient perfusion pressures due to arrhythmia. The primary aim of the study was to define suitable echocardiography parameters which may be predictive of single or multiple (>3) arrhythmia recurrences during the antiarrhythmic infusion.
Results: Cardioversion was achieved in 201 (96%) of the 209 enrolled patients within a median time of 6h (1.8-15.6) and 134 patients (64.1%) experienced at least one recurrence of an SVA after cardioversion. With cardioversion the left atrial end-systolic diameter (LA_ESD 40 (35-45) mm) and indexed biplanar volume (LAVI 31 (26-39) ml/m2) did not change. The left atrial emptying fraction (36 (29-45)% at 4h, p=0.005) and the trans-mitral A-wave velocity-time integral (Avti 7.7(6.1-9.4) cm at 4h, p˂0.001) were increased proportionally to decreasing numbers of arrhythmia recurrences (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). The LA_EF at 4h (cut-off 38.4%, AUC 0.69, p˂0.001), and Avti at 4h (cut-off 6.8 cm, AUC 0.65, p=0.001) showed as limited predictors of arrhythmia recurrence. The elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure taken by echocardiography at 4h (p=0.007) and enlarged LA_ESD at arrhythmia onset (p=0.04) were related only to multiple recurrences (˃3). LAVI (p=0.06) and arrhythmia history (p=0.09) were not useful.
Conclusion: There is a period of atrial functional recovery after restoration of electrical sinus rhythm in patients with septic shock complicated by an SVA. The left atrial functional 2D and Doppler echocardiography parameters are related to arrhythmia recurrences post-cardioversion suggesting potential guidance to the choice between rhythm and rate control strategies.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03029169, registered on 24th of January 2017
Investigation of Sars-CoV-2 Infection in Children of families affected by COVID-19
Authors: Khalooei Ali , Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Hosseininasab Ali , Anjomshoa Ahmad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Coronaviruses belong to the Coronaviridae family. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is a type of betacoronavirus. Many vital issues, characteristics, quarantine measures, and the treatment of children living in infected families with SARS-CoV-2 remain unknown. This study aimed to assess clinical features and frequency of PCR-positive tests among children in close contact with household COVID-19 cases. Three hundred thirty-three children in family clusters with confirmed COVID-19 infection were examined, and a nasopharyngeal sample was taken from each participant to be tested for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We have defined the characteristics of children from infected family clusters and have considered the need for special medical attention for these children in the current viral crisis. The children's mean (SD) and median age were 8.18 (3.96) and eight years, respectively. Almost half (n = 165) of the children had at least one sign or symptom related to COVID-19. More than 42% (n = 141) of all the children had at least one general sign or symptom associated with COVID-19, followed by respiratory (27.9%, n = 93) and gastrointestinal (26.1, n = 87) signs and symptoms. Of the children exposed to cases of COVID-19 in their families, 42.3% (n = 141) were PCR positive for COVID-19and only four patients were hospitalized. The frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic children and asymptomatic ones were 43.6% and 41.1%, respectively (P > 0.5). Also, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection showed no significant difference in sex, age, childbirth order, number of family members, underlying disease, and history of drug use (P > 0.05). In this study, almost all SARS-CoV-2 infection is mainly asymptomatic or mild during childhood. The importance of asymptomatic pediatric infection in transmitting the disease to others needs further investigation.
Thermal treatment of water-soluble particles formed by
compounds composed of carbon nanobelts and C60 molecules
Authors: Maekawa Toru , Kurosu Shunji , Hata Sayaca , Ukai Tomofumi , Mashiko Yuta , Choi Sieun , Minakawa Takanobu , Tanuma Yuri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It was previously shown that spherical particles are self-assembled by compounds composed of C60-(6,6)CNB-C60, where CNB stands for “carbon nanobelt”, by mixing two individual solutions of C60 and (6,6)CNB molecules dissolved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at room temperature. The particles are monodisperse in water thanks to their high absolute value of the zeta potential in water. In this communication, we investigate the effect of thermal treatment of the particles on some changes in the physical properties and structures. We find that the particles become electrically conductive after thermal treatment at 600 °C for 1 h. We suppose that the change in the electrical characteristics might have been caused by the structural change of (6,6)CNBs into opened-up ribbons composed of fused benzene rings, which construct networks supported by C60 molecules in the particles, judging by the change in the absorption and mass spectra of the particles after thermal treatment and analysis of a possible change in the structure of C60-(6,6)CNB-C60 based on quantum calculations.
Increased Infiltration of M2-Polarized Tumour-Associated Macrophages is Highly Associated with Advanced Disease Stage and High Expression of PD-L1 in Buccal Mucosa Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Hao-Jia , Zheng Zhui-Feng , Zhang Li-Jun , Fang Le , Fu Hua , Chen Shao-Yang , Feng Rong-Xiu , Liu Xiao-Yang , Tang Qing-Nan , Liu Xue-Wen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: To assess the infiltration characteristics of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in buccal mucosa carcinoma (BMC) and the correlation of these features with clinicopathological factors.
Materials and methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TAM-related markers (CD68, CD163, CD206), CD8+ T cell markers, PD-L1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 46 patients with mucosal cancer after radical surgery. In addition, the correlation between TAM infiltration and clinical characteristics, PD-L1 expression, and EGFR expression was analysed.
Results: A high infiltration level of M2-polarized (CD206+) TAMs and M2c-polarized (CD163+) TAMs was more common in stage T3-T4, N+, III-IV patients than in other patient groups (P < 0.05). The infiltration degree of M2-polarized (CD68+) TAMs was positively correlated with the PD-L1 TPS (P = 0.0331). The infiltration level of M2-polarized (CD206+) TAMs was higher in the EGFR high expression group than in the EGFR low expression group (P = 0.040).
Conclusion: High infiltration of M2-polarized TAMs is highly associated with advanced disease stage and higher expression of PD-L1 and EGFR in BMCs, suggesting that M2-polarized macrophage infiltration can serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Functionalization of a cast NaAl/binary ZnO/SiO2 nanohybrid with amine and Schiff base ligands as an adsorbent of divalent cations in water system
Authors: Moridi Hadis , Gh Azar Bagheri 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Casting method was used to synthesize a novel sodium alginate nanohybrid functionalized with aminated ZnO/SiO2 Schiff base for adsorption of nickel and copper divalent cations in single and binary water system. The cast Schiff base nanohybrids were investigated using FESEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, TGA and XPS analyses. The influence of unfunctionalized binary ZnO/SiO2 nano oxides and aminated Schiff base ligands formed by the reaction between salicylaldehyde and O-phenylenediamine on the adsorption of divalent nickel and copper ions was evaluated. The results confirmed that the aminated Schiff base ligands led to a higher adsorption ability of cast nanohybrids containing interaction of divalent cations with nitrogen and oxygen atoms, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm for both ions followed double-exponential model and Redlich-Peterson model, respectively. The maximum monolayer capacity was found to be 249.8 mg/g for copper cation and 96.4 mg/g for nickel cation. The endothermic and spontaneous adsorption with entropy increment was found by thermodynamic investigation. Furthermore, the synthesized Schiff base adsorbent could be easily reused over five times. The simultaneous adsorption in a binary system exhibited a higher adsorption selectivity of the cast Schiff base nanohybrid for copper cation compared to nickel cation.
Two cases of severe psittacosis pneumonia complicated with Coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Li Huifeng , Tian Xin , Chen Weijie , Chen Yuequn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci complicated with Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) infection is rarely reported at present, and the severe pneumonia caused by them can significantly prolong the hospitalization time and even affect the prognosis of patients, so early diagnosis and accurate treatment are needed. Two patients with severe pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci during the opening of the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China were reported. The main manifestations were high fever, respiratory failure and multiple organ dysfunction. The diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci complicated with COVID-19 infection was diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing (mNGS). One patient was discharged from hospital after treatment with azithromycin combined with moxifloxacin for anti-infection, mechanical ventilation, antiviral, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and symptomatic support, and the other patient died of underlying disease complicated with multiple organ failure. Through the treatment of these two patients, the author also summarized the relevant clinical characteristics and experience of severe pneumonia caused by parrot fever combined with COVID-19 infection for scholars to read and reference. The aim is to improve the medical staff's early identification and timely treatment of this kind of disease.
Surgical and Oncological Outcomes of Laparoscopic Colon Resection for Colorectal Cancer.
Authors: Muhammed Sarhang Hussein , Asad Neyan Mohammed , Dewana Azhy Muhammed , Ahmed Baderkhan Saeed , Al-Dabbagh Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Laparoscopy is one of the major advances in surgery in the last 30 years with many benefits including a lower incidence of postoperative ileus, less postoperative pain, shortened hospital stay, quicker return to daily activity, less wound-related complications and improved cosmetic results. Although initially laparoscopy was used for colon resection for benign cases, it’s now widely used for colorectal cancer resections after strong evidence has confirmed its safety and efficacy. We aim to report both surgical and oncological outcomes of our first series of laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections.
Methods: Laparoscopic colorectal resection service was set up in 2013. Data of all consecutive colorectal cancers were collected prospectively. Patients with locally advanced diseases and who required emergency operations for bowel obstruction or perforation were excluded. We analysed demographic, operative, postoperative and histopathological data for all patients who were included in the study.
Results: A total of 124 patients were presented to our unit between January 2013 and January 2023. Only 112 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent laparoscopic resections. The median age of patients was 54.5 ( 19-92) years. Majority of patients were men, 55.4% of them. In 35% of cases, the cancer was located in the sigmoid and in the rectum in 33.5%. Laparoscopic anterior resection was the commonest procedure, 45%, followed by right hemicolectomy in 15% of cases. The conversion rate to open surgery was 8%. The commonest cause to convert to open were dilated bowel loops and tumour adherence to other structures. The mean operative time was 190 minutes (130-280). The mean hospital stay was 3 (2-7) days. No complication has been reported in 84% of patients. Among the complications, wound infection was the most common one, 6.3%. There were 6 anastomotic leaks (5.4%). The mean lymph node number harvested was 13 (3 – 66). In 62.5% lymph node count was 12 or more. The distal resection margin was over 2 cm in 89.3%. The 5 years disease-free survival rate was 87.3%.
Conclusion: This study showed that initiation of laparoscopic colorectal resection is feasible and safe both surgically and oncologically with the benefits of short hospital stay, adequate resection margins and lymph node harvested
Morphological observation and changes of defense enzyme activity of different cut roses in response to downy mildew
Authors: Yang Xiao , Zhu Zhengjin , Wang Qigang , Li Qiushi , Yang Shiqiu , Ma Xujun , Zhang Hao , Qiu Xianqin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to understand the infection process of Peronospora sparsa Berk in the leaves of cut rose and the regulation mechanism of different resistant varieties of cut rose in response to downy mildew. In this paper, post-inoculated downy mildew diseased leaves were observed by the naked eye, electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and paraffin section. Subsequently, the high resistant R hybrida ‘Chizizhixin’ and the high susceptibility R hybrida ‘Nightingale’ of cut rose were chosen as experimental materials to inoculate downy mildew, based on the findings of the field survey. At 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h after inoculation, the changes in leaf microstructure and defense enzyme activities were continually monitored to elucidate the regulation mechanism of response to downy mildew of various resistant kinds of cut rose. The results showed that conidia could be seen 12 h after inoculation, and the leaves began to show disease changes. The majority of the mature conidiangium came off 48 h after inoculation, and the leaf structure was essentially damaged. The leaves of R hybrida ‘Chizizhixin’ with high resistance were shiny, their stomatal density and stomatal opening were smaller than those of R hybrida ‘Nightingale’ with high susceptibility, and the infection time of pathogenic bacteria was later than R hybrida ‘Nightingale’. The activity of defense enzymes (CAT, SOD, MDA, PPO, POD) were higher than that of R hybrida ‘Nightingale’ when not inoculated. POD activity and PPO activity of the two varieties showed a trend of continuous growth after inoculation, MDA and CAT activity showed a trend of first increase and then drop, while SOD activity showed a trend of continuous reduction. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the researchers to further comprehend the pathogen's biological properties, as well as to conduct early preventive actions against downy mildew and produce disease-resistant varieties.