bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Process Monitoring Approaches for Image Data
Authors: Kang Yicheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid advances in imaging technology have made it possible to collect large amounts of image data in a cost‐effective manner. As a result, images are widely adopted for quality control purposes in the manufacturing industry. In image‐based quality control, images from a production process are collected over time, and the information such as product geometry or surface finish extracted from these images is used to determine whether the manufactured products satisfy the quality requirements. This is a challenging high‐velocity high‐volume big data problem. First, image streams normally generate image data at a high rate, so it is imperative to process each image quickly. Second, images often have complicated spatial structures such as edges and singularities, which render many traditional process monitoring methods inapplicable. Third, a typical image contains tens of thousands of pixels, so the data is high‐dimensional. It has been shown in the literature that conventional multivariate control charts have limited power of detecting process shifts when the data dimension is high. In this expository article, we divide the image monitoring applications into two categories: (i) images with deterministic features and (ii) images with stochastic features. We introduce representative methods in the two categories and discuss their potential to solve the problems in image monitoring. Some recent research in color image monitoring is discussed as well. Suggestions for future research and possible applications of image monitoring methods beyond industrial quality control are given in the end.
Kullback–Leibler Information Control Chart
Authors: Takemoto Yasuhiko , Arizono Ikuo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Kullback–Leibler information (KLI) control chart is a statistical control chart in which a degree of difference between in‐control condition and present condition in a process is quantified by the KLI. It is especially called the control chart when a quality characteristic is normally distributed, and a shift in the process mean and a change in the process dispersion are simultaneously monitored. The control chart has been expanded to cumulative sum and multivariate versions, and so forth. A method of visualizing the tracks of changes in a process condition when the chart signaled abnormality in a process has also been discussed. In addition, an economical operation method of the control chart using Taguchi's quality loss has been developed. Several articles are introduced in this article since various types of control charts have been considered until now. This article, finally, intends to provide useful information for further research about KLI control charts.
Targeted Learning
Authors: Coyle Jeremy R. , Hejazi Nima S. , Malenica Ivana , Phillips Rachael V. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Mertens Andrew , Benjamin‐Chung Jade , Cai Weixin , Dayal Sonali , Colford John M. , Hubbard Alan E. , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Targeted Learning is a subfield of statistics that unifies advances in causal inference, machine learning, and statistical theory to help answer scientifically impactful questions with statistical confidence. Targeted Learning is driven by complex problems in data science and has been implemented in a diversity of real‐world scenarios: observational studies with missing treatments and outcomes, personalized interventions, longitudinal settings with time‐varying treatment regimes, survival analysis, adaptive randomized trials, mediation analysis, and networks of connected subjects. In contrast to the (mis)application of restrictive modeling strategies that dominate the current practice of statistics, Targeted Learning establishes a principled standard for statistical estimation and inference (i.e., confidence intervals and
p
‐values). This multiple robust approach is accompanied by a guiding roadmap and a burgeoning software ecosystem, both of which provide guidance on the construction of estimators optimized to best answer the motivating question. The roadmap of Targeted Learning emphasizes tailoring statistical procedures so as to minimize their assumptions, carefully grounding them only in the scientific knowledge available. The end result is a framework that honestly reflects the uncertainty in both the background knowledge and the available data in order to draw reliable conclusions from statistical analyses – ultimately enhancing the reproducibility and rigor of scientific findings.
Carbon Nanotube/Hygroscopic Salt Nanocomposites with Dual‐Functionality of Effective Cooling and Fire Resistance for Safe and Ultrahigh‐Rate Operation of Practical Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Longyuan , Yu Wei , Wang Junming , Gao Dan , Chen Yucheng , Dai Wenhua , Wang Peng , Li Guoxian , Meng Chuizhou , Liu Changhong , Guo Shijie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFire and explosion accidents and reduced energy utilization due to poor cycling stability of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) caused by inevitable internal temperature rise during high‐rate operations have become a growing concern. Herein, a dual‐functional carbon nanotube/hygroscopic salt (DFCNT/HS) film with effective passive cooling performance and fire insulation for the safe usage of practical LIBs under extremely fast discharging conditions is reported. The DFCNT/HS film based on the cooling mechanism of self‐adaptive moisture absorption/desorption delivers a high cooling power of 32.9 W m−2 K−1, which can reduce the maximum temperature of a 18650–3.6 V/2.0 Ah LIB by 11.2 and 17.4 °C at discharging rates of 10 and 15 C, respectively. Covering the cooling film, the battery discharges 23.6 Ah more total capacity at 10 within 500 cycles. What is challenging, almost three‐fold extended lifetime of 425 cycles is achieved at 15 C with an extra total capacity of 467.2 Ah. Meanwhile, the developed film also shows an excellent high‐temperature resistance up to 540 °C, which can alleviate the devastating fire propagation. The fast heat dissipation and excellent fire insulation as well as the mechanical flexibility and manufacturing scalability make this new material promising for safe usage of high‐rate LIBs with zero energy consumption.
Stimuli‐Responsive Organic Near‐Infrared Photoacoustic Probes
Authors: Shen Qing , Wang Leichen , Ruan Xiaohong , Li Na , Wang Weili , Wang Wenjun , Shao Jinjun , Dong Xiaochen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging technique with the features of non‐invasiveness and non‐ionization. It takes advantage of the photothermal effect of PA probes to convert absorbed photon energy into heat and subsequent transient thermoelastic tissue expansion for ultrasonic waves for PA images. Thus, PA imaging exhibits the combined superiority of high‐contrast optical imaging and deep tissue penetration of acoustic imaging, which furnishes high‐resolution and high‐contrast tissue images. Stimuli‐responsive organic PA agents in the near‐infrared (NIR) biological window have attracted increasing attention because of their low biological toxicity and response characteristics. This review focuses on the recent research progress of stimuli‐responsive organic NIR probes for PA imaging, including the temperature response, pH response, redox response, metal ion response, and enzyme response. And the stimuli‐responsive mechanisms are highlighted in detail. Moreover, their perspectives and challenges are discussed. It will be of great help for the further development of organic NIR PA probes with stimuli‐response.
Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors with Good Ductility and High Charge Mobility through Reducing the Central Symmetry of the Conjugated Backbone Units
Authors: Yu Xiaobo , Chen Liangliang , Li Cheng , Gao Chenying , Xue Xiang , Zhang Xisha , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors are highly demanding for flexible electronics. However, it still remains challenging to achieve synergy between intrinsic stretchability and charge transport property properly for polymer semiconductors. In this paper, terpolymers are reported as intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors with good ductility and high charge mobility simultaneously by incorporation of non‐centrosymmetric spiro[cycloalkane‐1,9′‐fluorene] (spiro‐fluorene) units into the backbone of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated polymers. The results reveal that these terpolymers show obviously high crack onset strains and their tensile moduli are remarkably reduced, by comparing with the parent DPP‐based conjugated polymer without spiro‐fluorene units. They exhibit simultaneously high charge mobilities (>1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1) at 100% strain and even after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 500 times under 50% strain. The terpolymer P2, in which cyclopropane is linked to the spiro‐fluorene unit, is among the best reported intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors with record mobility up to 3.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 at even 150% strain and 1.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 1000 times.
Tailoring the d‐Orbital Splitting Manner of Single Atomic Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Dai Yunkun , Liu Bo , Zhang Ziyu , Guo Pan , Liu Chang , Zhang Yunlong , Zhao Lei , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegulating the electronic states of single atomic sites around the Fermi level remains a major concern for boosting the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a Fe d‐orbital splitting manner modulation strategy by constructing axial coordination on FeN4 sites is presented. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that the axial tractions induce the distortion of square‐planar field (FeN4 SP), up to the quasi‐octahedral coordination (FeN4O1 OCquasi), thus leading to the electron rearrangement with a diluted spin polarization. The declined population of unpaired electrons in dz2, dxz and dyz states engenders a moderate adsorption of ORR intermediates, thereby reinforcing the intrinsic reaction activity. In situ infrared spectroscopy further demonstrates that the reordering of d‐orbital splitting and occupation facilitates the desorption of *OH. The FeN4O1 OCquasi exhibits a dramatic improvement of kinetic current density and turnover frequency, which are fivefold and tenfold higher than those of FeN4 SP. This work presents a novel understanding on improving the electrocatalytic performance through the orbital‐scale manipulation.
Properties and chemical compositions of monovarietal virgin olive oil at different ripening stages: A study on olive cultivation in Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Zihan , Wang Zhaoshan , Li Qiaohua , Zhao Min , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe olive management in China is rarely reported. This study evaluates the influence of drupes ripening on virgin olive oil (VOO) quality of four main varieties (Olea europaea L., cultivars Ezhi‐8, Koroneiki, Leccion, and Frontoio) cultivated in Northwest China. Quality indices, fatty acid profiles, polyphenols, terpenic acids, tocopherols, and squalene contents are tested at four ripening stages from September to November. The contents of linolenic acid, saturated fatty acids, triterpenic acids, and squalene in all VOO samples decreased during ripening; in contrast, the oleic acid, linoleic acid, nervonic acid (first reported in VOOs), cinnamic acid, p‐coumaric acid, apigenin, and naringenin (contents) increased. The dynamics of the major phenolic compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and secoiridoids, were cultivar‐dependent. The two‐way ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test showed that oil compositions varied depending on the ripeness stage and cultivar. Moreover, this latter had more influence than harvest dates on the VOO features. Besides, by applying the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, several key metabolites (C18:1, oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, oleacein, oleocanthal, and α‐tocopherol) differentiate the four cultivars. In contrast, squalene, oleanolic acid, maslinic acid, oleocanthal, luteolin, and α‐tocopherol could effectively differentiate the four harvesting dates.
The influence of altitude on combustion characteristics within gas‐fired boiler by numerical simulation
Authors: Zhang Jingkun , Du Yongbo , Yu Jiming , Wang Yutao , Wang Changan , Che Defu , Da Yaodong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reduced atmospheric pressure and oxygen mass concentration at high altitudes have brought tremendous problems to the operation of gas‐fired boiler, mainly due to their influence on gas combustion and flow within furnace. Boilers designed for plateau region generally experience insufficient output, incomplete combustion, and reduced thermal efficiency when operating at high altitudes. However, the impacts from increasing altitude to the combustion characteristics within furnace are still ambiguous, which greatly hampers the boiler design for high‐altitude area. In this paper, the influences of altitude on the gas combustion characteristics within furnace were explored by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The simulation shows that when altitude rises from 0 to 4000 m, the flame length and width increase as well as the temperature within furnace, but the burnout rate decreases due to the reduced residence time. The furnace length and diameter of the boiler designed for high altitudes should be appropriately increased to avoid the high temperature flame from scouring the back tube sheet and the furnace liner. While the CO emissions are generally very low, an increasing trend with altitude was observed. In addition, for each 1000 m of altitude rise, the NOx emissions increase by about 14 mg·m−3 at 100% loads and α = 1.05. The present work reveals the influence of altitude on combustion characteristics within gas‐fired boiler, which can guide the design and operation of the gas‐fired boiler at high altitudes.
Preparation and characterization of carbon quantum dot‐hydroxyapatite‐alginate based hybrid fluorescent ink for sensor application
Authors: Selvaraj Sharmila , Dhesingh Ravi Shankaran 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDevelopment of multifunctional fluorescent inks is gaining attention owing to the current technological developments in optoelectronics. The present work involves the development of a simple and highly fluorescent carbon quantum dot (CQD)‐based nano‐ink suitable for sensor and bioimaging applications. CQDs were synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method using folic acid (FA) a carbon source. The synthesized CQDs were conjugated with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and sodium aliginate (SA) by covalent and ionic linkages methods. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra confirm the formation of nano‐inks by the ionic interaction between the HAP and SA and conjugation with CQDs through hydrogen bonding. The surface morphology of the CQDs and nano‐inks depicts that the particles exhibit in spherical and needle‐like morphological structures, respectively. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms that the obtained CQDs and fluorescent nano‐ink are highly crystalline in nature. The SA and HAP provided shear thinning ability and structural stability for the fluorescent nano‐ink. The nano‐ink‐based strips displayed high fluorescence under Ultraviolet irradiation. The fluorescent nano‐ink could be used in bioimaging, flourescent coatings, and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Electrochemically Enabled Direct C3‐Formylation of Imidazopyridines with Me3N as a Carbonyl Source
Authors: Tang Zhicong , Hong Gang , Sun Shiyun , Wang Limin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA metal‐free and oxidant‐free electrochemically enabled strategy for C‐3 formylation of imidazopyridines using trimethylamine as a one‐carbon source has been established. This conversion has high functional group compatibility under mild conditions and ensures late‐stage functionalization of pharmaceutical molecules. Furthermore, unexpected hexafluoroisopropoxylation products have been observed in some cases. Mechanistic studies using cyclic voltammetry and control experiments reveal the key intermediate of the formylation process.
Non‐classical Non‐covalent σ‐Hole Interactions in Protein Structure and Function: Concepts for Potential Protein Engineering Applications
Authors: Walker Margaret G. , Mendez C. Gustavo , Ho P. Shing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe structures and associated functions of biological molecules are driven by noncovalent interactions, which have classically been dominated by the hydrogen bond (H‐bond). Introduction of the σ‐hole concept to describe the anisotropic distribution of electrostatic potential of covalently bonded elements from across the periodic table has opened a broad range of nonclassical noncovalent (ncNC) interactions for applications in chemistry and biochemistry. Here, we review how halogen bonds, chalcogen bonds and tetrel bonds, as they are found naturally or introduced synthetically, affect the structures, assemblies, and potential functions of peptides and proteins. This review intentionally focuses on examples that introduce or support principles of stability, assembly and catalysis that can potentially guide the design of new functional proteins. These three types of ncNC interactions have energies that are comparable to the H‐bond and, therefore, are now significant concepts in molecular recognition and design. However, the recently described H‐bond enhanced X‐bond shows how synergism among ncNC interactions can be exploited as potential means to broaden the range of their applications to affect protein structures and functions.
The impact of sleep quality, fatigue and social well‐being on depressive symptomatology in autistic older adolescents and young adults
Authors: Richdale Amanda L. , Chetcuti Lacey , Hayward Susan M. , Abdullahi Ifrah , Morris Eric M. J. , Lawson Lauren P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepression and poor sleep quality commonly co‐occur with autism, and depression has been associated with loneliness and reduced social support. In non‐autistic samples, poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue also contribute to depression. However, the contribution of sleep quality and fatigue to depressive symptoms, and how they interact with social factors to influence depression in autism remain unexplored. Our aim was to examine these relationships in 114 young autistic adults aged 15–25 years (57% male) from the SASLA online, longitudinal study (baseline and 2‐year follow‐up). Hierarchical multiple regression models examined the association between social well‐being (social integration and social contribution; T1), sleep quality (T1, T2), and fatigue (T1, T2) on depression (T1, T2). Two mediation models were conducted on T1 data predicting depression from sleep quality though fatigue and sleep quality through social well‐being. Depression and fatigue scores did not change over 2 years, but sleep quality worsened. The T1 regression model was significant (R2 = 36%) with fatigue and social contribution individually predicting depression symptomatology. The longitudinal regression model was also significant (adjusted R2 = 57%) with social contribution (T1) as the only significant predictor of depression (T2). Fatigue trended towards mediating the sleep quality–depression relationship, while social well‐being was a significant partial mediator of this relationship. Results highlight that sleep quality, fatigue, and social well‐being contribute to depression among young autistic adults. Interestingly, fatigue and social well‐being were independently associated with depression. Thus, addressing sleep quality and associated fatigue, and social well‐being is important when treating depression in autistic individuals.
Deletion of NRF2 disturbs composition, morphology, and differentiation of the murine tail epidermis in chronological aging
Authors: Sochorová Michaela , Kremslehner Christopher , Nagelreiter Ionela‐Mariana , Ferrara Francesca , Lisicin Maja Mitrovic , Narzt Marie‐Sophie , Bauer Christina , Stiegler Alexandra , Golabi Bahar , Vávrová Katerina , Gruber Florian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNRF2 is a master regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative damage in mammals and of multiple pathways relevant in the mammalian aging process. In the epidermis of the skin NRF2 contributes additionally to the formation of an antioxidant barrier to protect from environmental insults and is involved in the differentiation process of keratinocytes. In chronological aging of skin, the capacity for antioxidant responses and the ability to restore homeostasis after damage are impaired. Surprisingly, in absence of extrinsic stressors, NRF2 deficient mice do not show any obvious skin phenotype, not even at old age. We investigated the differences in chronological epidermal aging of wild type and NRF2‐deficient mice to identify the changes in aged epidermis that may compensate for absence of this important transcriptional regulator. While both genotypes showed elevated epidermal senescence markers (increased Lysophospholipids, decreased LaminB1 expression), the aged NRF2 deficient mice displayed disturbed epidermal differentiation manifested in irregular keratin 10 and loricrin expression. The tail skin displayed less age‐related epidermal thinning and a less pronounced decline in proliferating basal epidermal cells compared to the wildtype controls. The stratum corneum lipid composition also differed, as we observed elevated production of barrier protective linoleic acid (C18:2) and reduced abundance of longer chain saturated lignoceric acid (C24:0) among the stratum corneum fatty acids in the aged NRF2‐deficient mice. Thus, despite epidermal differentiation being disturbed in aged NRF2‐deficient animals in homeostasis, adaptations in keratinocyte proliferation and barrier lipid synthesis could explain the lack of a more severe phenotype.
The circular economy and its benefits for pro‐environmental companies
Authors: Nowicki Paweł , Ćwiklicki Marek , Kafel Piotr , Niezgoda Janusz , Wojnarowska Magdalena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn increasingly visible trend among enterprises is the belief that one of the most effective ways of achieving growth is through the transition from the current ‘linear’ business model to a circular economy. This approach enables enterprises to create a pro‐environmental image and, at the same time, obtain a number of benefits. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the dependencies involved in meeting the requirements of a circular economy through the implementation of individual activities in the 9R framework in the context of the tools used and the benefits obtained. The research shows that such organisations can obtain a wide range of economic, operational, and social benefits, as leaders in forging a pro‐environmental approach. However, they must use already available tools on a larger scale and implement and propagate actions that fit into the 9R strategies framework.