bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure communication using multilevel authentication strategy in Internet of Drones
Authors: Perumalla Subhadra , Chatterjee Santanu ,  Siva Kumar A.P. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Drones (IoD) is a layered network or platform that controls and coordinates the drones. The unmanned aerial vehicles also called as drones are objects that utilized in Internet of Things (IoT) smart devices. The security is the major problem in the architecture for IoD. Hence, a multilevel authentication method is devised in this article to enable secure communication in IoD. The analysis of security is depending on four stages, such as pre‐deployment, user registration, login phase, and authentication phase. The drones are registered in the IoD infrastructure in the pre‐deployment phase. Then, the users registration with the drone is done in user registration phase, which is executed to register the users with the drone for accessing the information in real‐time via the user. Then, the user communicates with the server is done in the login phase, and at last, the authentication of drones, servers, and the users are done in authentication phase to offer secured communication. The devised approach attains the maximum performance with a delay, throughput, and packet loss of 0.099 s, 62.855 bps, and 2.52012 s, respectively.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of S,N‐Doped Carbon Dots for Extended Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidase‐Mimicking Activities and Antimicrobial Applications
Authors: Kaushal Neha , Jain Apeksha , Kumar Ajay , Sarraf Sonu , Basu Aviru Kumar , Raje Chaaya Iyengar , Saha Avishek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhoto‐oxidase nanozymes are emerging enzyme‐mimicking materials that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light illumination and subsequently catalyze the oxidation of the substrate. Carbon dots are promising photo‐oxidase nanozymes due to their biocompatibility and straightforward synthesis. Carbon dot‐based photo‐oxidase nanozymes become active for ROS generation under UV or blue light illumination. In this work, sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon dots (S,N‐CDs) were synthesized by solvent‐free, microwave assisted technique. We demonstrated that sulfur, nitrogen doping of carbon dots (band gap of 2.11 eV) has enabled photo‐oxidation of 3,3,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with extended visible light (up to 525 nm) excitation at pH 4. The photo‐oxidase activities by S,N‐CDs produce Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of 1.18 mM and the maximum initial velocity (Vmax) as 4.66×10−8 Ms−1, under 525 nm illumination. Furthermore, visible light illumination can also induce bactericidal activities with growth inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli). These results demonstrate that S,N‐CDs can increase intracellular ROS in the presence of LED light illumination.
An Updated Guide to Robust Statistical Methods in Neuroscience
Authors: Wilcox Rand R. , Rousselet Guillaume A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a vast array of new and improved methods for comparing groups and studying associations that offer the potential for substantially increasing power, providing improved control over the probability of false positives, and yielding a deeper and more nuanced understanding of data. These new techniques effectively deal with four insights into when and why conventional methods can be unsatisfactory. But for the non‐statistician, this vast array of techniques for comparing groups and studying associations can seem daunting. This article briefly reviews when and why conventional methods can have relatively low power and yield misleading results. The main goal is to suggest guidelines regarding the use of modern techniques that improve upon classic approaches such as Pearson's correlation, ordinary linear regression, ANOVA, and ANCOVA. This updated version includes recent advances dealing with effect sizes, including situations where there is a covariate. The R code, figures, and accompanying notebooks have been updated as well. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
DDC‐OMDC: Deadline‐based data collection using optimal mobile data collectors in Internet of Things
Authors: Wala Tanuj , Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan Naveen , Sharma Ajay K. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMobile data collectors (MDCs) are very efficient for data collection in internet of things (IoT) sensor networks. These data collectors collect data at rendezvous points to reduce data collection latency. It is paramount to determine these points in an IoT network to collect data in real time. It is important to consider IoT network characteristics to collect data on a specific deadline. First, the disconnected IoT sensor network is a real challenge in IoT applications. Second, it is essential to determine optimal data collection points (DCPs) and MDCs simultaneously to collect data in real time. In this study, Deadline‐based Data Collection using Optimal Mobile Data Collectors (DDC‐OMDC) scheme is proposed that aims to collect data in a disconnected network with the optimal number of mobile data collectors in a specific deadline for delay‐intolerant applications. DDC‐OMDC works in two phases. In the first phase, the optimal number of MDCs is determined to collect data at the optimal data collection points to guarantee one‐hop data collection from each cluster. The optimal mobile data collectors are determined using optimal DCPs, data collection stopping time, and a specific deadline. In the second phase, the optimal data collection trajectory is determined for each MDC using the nearest neighbor heuristic algorithm to collect data in real time. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms in collecting data in real time and determines optimal mobile data collectors and optimal data collection trajectory to collect data in a specific deadline for delay‐intolerant applications.
A case of multiple glucagonomas with no clinical manifestations of excess glucagon despite hyperglucagonemia
Authors: Amano Shogo , Suenaga Shigeyuki , Hamamoto Kaori , Yada Shoko , Tsuyama Takanori , Shinoda Shuhei , Tanaka Yuya , Takemoto Yoshihiro , Harada Eijiro , Tanabe Katsuya , Asahara Shunichiro , Hoshii Kazunobu , Takami Taro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein we report the case of a patient with multiple glucagonomas that have been precisely described with endoscopic ultrasound. A 36‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for computed tomography investigation of multiple pancreatic masses. Physical examination was unremarkable; on contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, mass lesions were evident in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas. The mass in the pancreatic head was poorly demarcated and exhibited a faint contrast effect, the one in the pancreatic body was a cystic lesion, and the one in the pancreatic tail was hypervascular. Blood investigations showed that serum glucagon was abnormally high at 7670 pg/ml; glucose tolerance was not impaired. There was no family history that suggested multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or von Hippel‐Lindau disease. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed that there were additional masses, which were scattered isoechoic to hyperechoic lesions a few millimeters in size. Ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy of the lesion in the pancreatic tail resulted in a diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor. Based on these pathologic findings, we performed a total pancreatectomy. A large number of nodules with tumor cells were evident in all cut surfaces of the surgical specimen. Immunostaining was positive for chromogranin A and glucagon, and glucagonoma was therefore diagnosed. It is conceivable that attenuated glucagon action could have contributed to the development of the multiple glucagonomas.
Range‐wide occupancy trends for the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
Authors: Kissel Amanda M. , Wallace Bryan , Anderson Jesse , Dickson Brett G. , Van Neste Kristen , Landau Vincent , Averill‐Murray Roy C. , Allison Linda J. , Fesnock Amy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractData from long‐term monitoring programs, such as the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) line distance sampling (LDS) program for Mojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), are increasingly being used in new ways to elucidate trends in population dynamics. We used the USFWS LDS data in a novel way to generate range‐wide predictions of occupancy, colonization, and local extinction rates from 2001 to 2018. We developed a dynamic occupancy model to answer fundamental questions posed by Bureau of Land Management personnel regarding how G. agassizii are distributed across the landscape over space and time. We transformed the LDS data into detection/nondetection data and constructed a Bayesian dynamic occupancy model using several time‐varying (e.g., temperature, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index, fire, and a proxy for invasive grasses) and static covariates (e.g., soil properties, topography, distance to roads, distance to urban areas) hypothesized to influence G. agassizii occupancy dynamics. We estimated that over the entire time series (2001–2018) the probability of G. agassizii occupancy is declining in over one quarter (26%) of the range, largely in the northeastern part of the range, but that from 2011 to 2018, 77% of the range has a declining trend. Drawing on these model outputs, we developed an interactive, web‐based tool for exploring trends in dynamic occupancy across the species range, allowing users to focus on areas of management interest or concern.
Infection intensity shapes specialization and beta diversity of haemosporidian–bird networks across elevations
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hernández Karla , Álvarez‐Mendizábal Paulina , Chapa‐Vargas Leonardo , Escobar Federico , Dáttilo Wesley , Santiago‐Alarcon Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHost–parasite distribution and interactions depend on geography, evolutionary associations, species composition, and their response to environmental variables. In this sense, host specificity as a key parasite's life history trait may determine parasite community composition but can be difficult to identify in nature. The haemosporidian–avian host communities of tropical mountain systems offer an opportunity to better understand how network interactions influence parasite–host specialization. By using frequency (i.e., prevalence) and interaction intensity (i.e., number of parasites per infected host) data, we calculated two quantitative indices to evaluate haemosporidian host specialization at both community (H2′) and haemosporidian lineages and bird species levels (d′). Additionally, we evaluated alpha (SI) and beta diversity (βWN) of haemosporidian–bird interactions along four distinct elevations (representing different vegetation types) in Central Veracruz, Mexico. We recorded 607 birds from 88 species in two sampling years, registering 78 haemosporidian cytochrome b lineages by PCR in 125 positive samples from 38 bird species. Haemosporidian–bird interactions showed high specialization and modular network structure for each vegetation type. The degree of specialization and modularity was stronger when considering interaction intensity (i.e., parasitemia). Species‐level specialization was higher for birds than for haemosporidians at the two vegetation types with highest interaction richness (i.e., pine–oak forest and tropical deciduous forest). There were high interaction beta diversity values (~1) among vegetation types, reflecting turnover in both avian and parasite communities. Our findings suggest that vegetation type (proxy for the local environmental conditions) constrains the distribution of hosts and parasites, and that intraspecies infection intensity plays an important role in the transmission dynamics and interactions of the haemosporidian community.
Less fuel for the next fire? Short‐interval fire delays forest recovery and interacting drivers amplify effects
Authors: Braziunas Kristin H. , Kiel Nathan G. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs 21st‐century climate and disturbance dynamics depart from historic baselines, ecosystem resilience is uncertain. Multiple drivers are changing simultaneously, and interactions among drivers could amplify ecosystem vulnerability to change. Subalpine forests in Greater Yellowstone (Northern Rocky Mountains, USA) were historically resilient to infrequent (100–300 year), severe fire. We sampled paired short‐interval (<30‐year) and long‐interval (>125‐year) post‐fire plots most recently burned between 1988 and 2018 to address two questions: (1) How do short‐interval fire, climate, topography, and distance to unburned live forest edge interact to affect post‐fire forest regeneration? (2) How do forest biomass and fuels vary following short‐interval versus long‐interval severe fires? Mean post‐fire live tree stem density was an order of magnitude lower following short‐interval versus long‐interval fires (3240 vs. 28,741 stems ha−1, respectively). Differences between paired plots were amplified at longer distances to live forest edge. Surprisingly, warmer–drier climate was associated with higher seedling densities even after short‐interval fire, likely relating to regional variation in serotiny of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Unlike conifers, density of aspen (Populus tremuloides), a deciduous resprouter, increased with short‐interval versus long‐interval fires (mean 384 vs. 62 stems ha−1, respectively). Live biomass and canopy fuels remained low nearly 30 years after short‐interval fire, in contrast with rapid recovery after long‐interval fire, suggesting that future burn severity may be reduced for several decades following reburns. Short‐interval plots also had half as much dead woody biomass compared with long‐interval plots (60 vs. 121 Mg ha−1), primarily due to the absence of large snags. Our results suggest differences in tree regeneration following short‐interval versus long‐interval fires will be especially pronounced where serotiny was high historically. Propagule limitation will also interact with short‐interval fires to diminish tree regeneration but lessen subsequent burn severity. Amplifying driver interactions are likely to threaten forest resilience under expected trajectories of a future fire.
Seismic control of a smart structure with semiactive tuned mass damper and adaptive stiffness property
Authors: Wang Liangkun , Zhou Ying , Shi Weixing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo reduce structural responses under earthquake excitations effectively and improve their resilience, a smart structure with a semiactive tuned mass damper (STMD) on the top story and a semiactive adjustable stiffness device (SASD) on the first story which contributes to the structural adaptive stiffness property is developed in this study. The SASD consists of a diamond spring device composed of four linear springs and an electromagnetic actuator, which can change the angle of the diamond device and therefore retune the stiffness. Two typical STMDs developed previously are reviewed first, which are diamond device‐based STMD with variable stiffness and damping and pendulum‐type STMD with variable frequency and eddy current damping, respectively. Numerical results show that the proposed STMD has a better control performance than passive‐tuned mass damper and STMD with variable stiffness or damping acting independently. To enhance the seismic protection of the structure with an STMD on the top story further, based on the principle of base isolation, a diamond device‐based SASD is applied to the first story. The linear quadratic Gaussian‐based variable stiffness algorithm for SASD is proposed. A 10‐story building is presented as a case study. The variable stiffness range of SASD is discussed in detail, while it is found that a ±50% variable stiffness range achieves the best earthquake mitigation. Control effects of different numbers of SASD implemented along the height of the building are compared as well. Numerical results show that with the increase in the number of SASDs, the earthquake mitigation effect is better; however, the magnitude of the increase is decreasing. The smart structure with the combined SASD and STMD has an excellent seismic protection performance and is better than with SASD or STMD acting independently. Meanwhile, it is found that the proposed combination has a similar control effect to four SASDs installed from the first story to the fourth story, respectively, while it can reduce the number of additional electromechanical systems and the influence on the use function of the building.
Design and Synthesis of Exocyclic Cyclitol Aziridines as Potential Mechanism‐Based Glycosidase Inactivators
Authors: Ofman Tim P. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Codée Jeroen D. C. , Overkleeft Hermen S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCyclophellitol aziridines have found wide application as mechanism‐based, covalent, and irreversible inhibitors of retaining glycosidases. These compounds, like their parent compound, cyclophellitol (a natural product retaining β‐glucosidase inactivator), make use of the mechanism of action of retaining glycosidases, which process their substrate through the formation of a transient covalent intermediate. In contrast, inverting glycosidases, the other main family of glycosyl hydrolases, do not employ such a covalent intermediate, and, as a consequence, useful scaffolds for mechanism‐based inhibitor design have yet to be discovered. In this work, we explore chemistries that allow for the construction of cyclitol aziridines with the aziridine electrophile attached in an exocyclic fashion, more distal from the anomeric carbon – thus putatively closer to an inverting glycosidase active site nucleophile. The developed chemistries have allowed for the synthesis of a focused library of differently N‐substituted, α‐and β‐glucopyranose configured cyclitol aziridines for future evaluation as inhibitors or inactivators of α‐and β‐glucosidases alike.
Metal‐ and Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Substituted‐Phthalimides Using 2‐(Arenesulfonyl)Phthalimide as Key Reagents
Authors: Khalifa Abdalrahman , Giles Marco , Ali Hamed I. , Mohamady Samy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhthalimide derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry, several phthalimidation methodologies have been developed. Here, we report a facile, metal‐free, and catalyst‐free method for the preparation of N‐phthalimides in good to excellent yield by reacting 2‐(arenesulfonyl)phthalimides with various amine substrates.
Simple‐mix: Thermodynamics modeling in a Gama‐type Stirling engine with a working fluid mixture
Authors: Vaziri Bahram , Azadi Mohammad , Biglari Mojtaba , Madani Seyed Navid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Stirling engine is an external combustion engine that can be utilized in electricity generation. Existing literature indicates that air is less expensive than helium as the working fluid but has the low power and efficiency. Hence, the present updated MATLAB code attempts to use a mixture of air and helium as working fluids or other mixtures of other gases. To this end, this software proposes an experimentally validated nonideal thermodynamic model for a Gama‐type Stirling engine. After validation, a mixing gas of air and helium was used instead of an operating fluid in the thermodynamic model. Finally, three examples were run to demonstrate the software outputs for a hybrid engine.
Material‐tangent‐stiffness‐proportional viscous damping for nonlinear geometric inelastic frame analysis
Authors: Baena‐Urrea Jose F. , Almeida João P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a stiffness‐proportional viscous damping model based on the material component of the total tangent stiffness matrix. It is developed for nonlinear geometric inelastic frame analysis and implemented with distributed plasticity formulations. The use of a corotational approach allows isolating the nonlinear effects arising from material and geometric sources, hence allowing to preclude the contribution of the latter to simulate non‐modelled sources of energy dissipation. Following the presentation of the theoretical framework and a discussion on the physical meaningfulness of the proposed approach, several illustrative case studies are presented. The first is based on the damped free vibration response of a slender cantilever with elastic response, whereas the second addresses the seismic behavior of an inelastic reinforced concrete cantilever column. Comparisons with the total‐tangent‐stiffness‐proportional approach showcase the advantages of the current proposal.
Towards an automated acquisition and parametrization of debris‐flow prone torrent channel properties based on photogrammetric‐derived uncrewed aerial vehicle data
Authors: Schmucki Gregor , Bartelt Perry , Bühler Yves , Caviezel Andrin , Graf Christoph , Marty Mauro , Stoffel Andreas , Huggel Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDebris flows are a hazard in mountainous regions. Cost‐effective, long‐term studies of debris‐flow torrents, however, are rare, leading to uncertainties in hazard assessment and hazard prevention. Here, we address the question of whether cost‐effective remote sensing techniques can be applied for assessment of mountain torrents and possibly further gather accurate, long‐term information on the evolution of the catchment. Torrents prone to debris flows are often devoid of vegetation in the near channel area and hence can be well captured with photogrammetrically derived methods using uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. The possibility of automatically extracting specific torrent parameters from high‐resolution terrain models, such as cross‐section area or gradient, is investigated. The presented methodology yields continuous and automatically derived geometrical parameters such as torrent bed width, inclination and cross‐section area, which is a major advantage compared with point‐based, often dangerous field surveys. Their cross‐validation with field measurements shows strong agreement. Those parameters are accurate along sharply incised sections with strong limitations along sections with steep adjacent slopes and/or dense vegetation. The information along the torrent allows fast identification of key sections and weak spots which can be precisely evaluated in the field. The study highlights that proper classification of real ground points poses the key challenge. We show that photogrammetric routines to derive a high‐resolution digital terrain model (DTM) are limited in the case of dense vegetation coverage. In such cases, LiDAR surveys have clear advantages even though they are also limited by very dense vegetation. We find that UAV data can be used for an objective method of estimating debris‐flow torrent geometric properties. And the introduced approaches therefore build a stepping stone towards a more comprehensive, reproducible and objective assessment of torrent processes and predispositions. However, ground‐referencing fieldwork remains essential, and further research on remote sensing supported hazard assessment of debris‐flow‐prone torrents is indispensable.