bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A point cloud filtering method based on anisotropic error model
Authors: Ozendi Mustafa , Akca Devrim , Topan Hüseyin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany modelling applications require 3D meshes that should be generated from filtered/cleaned point clouds. This paper proposes a methodology for filtering of terrestrial laser scanner (TLS)‐derived point clouds, consisting of two main parts: an anisotropic point error model and the subsequent decimation steps for elimination of low‐quality points. The point error model can compute the positional quality of any point in the form of error ellipsoids. It is formulated as a function of the angular/mechanical stability, sensor‐to‐object distance, laser beam's incidence angle and surface reflectivity, which are the most dominant error sources. In a block of several co‐registered point clouds, some parts of the target object are sampled by multiple scans with different positional quality patterns. This situation results in redundant data. The proposed decimation steps removes this redundancy by selecting only the points with the highest positional quality. Finally, the Good, Bad, and the Better algorithm, based on the ray‐tracing concept, was developed to remove the remaining redundancy due to the Moiré effects. The resulting point cloud consists of only the points with the highest positional quality while reducing the number of points by factor 10. This novel approach resulted in final surface meshes that are accurate, contain predefined level of random errors and require almost no manual intervention.
Critical review on bone grafting during immediate implant placement
Authors: Liñares Antonio , Dopico José , Magrin Gabriel , Blanco Juan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the last 20 years, immediate implant placement has been proposed as a predictable protocol to replace failing teeth. The research conducted in preclinical and clinical studies have focused on soft and hard tissue changes following tooth extraction and immediate implant placement. Different approaches for hard and soft tissue grafting together with provisional restorations have been proposed to compensate tissue alterations. This review analyzed some relevant clinical and preclinical literature focusing on the impact of bone grafting procedures on immediate implant placement in terms of hard and soft tissue changes, aesthetic results, and patient‐related outcomes.
Trust and subjective knowledge influence perceived risk of lead exposure
Authors: Goebel Madeline , Wardropper Chloe B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLead exposure is a persistent environmental hazard that poses risks to human health. But motivating protective action is challenging with this low visibility hazard whose health effects are often subtle and chronic. Higher risk perception is generally associated with taking protective measures, so public health efforts prioritize risk messaging. Yet, little is known about perceptions of lead exposure risk among the U.S. public. Using cross‐sectional data from a national survey of 1035 U.S. residents, we measured the role of trust in government management of lead and subjective knowledge about lead as predictors of perceived risk of lead exposure, controlling for demographic and environmental factors. We also assessed if subjective knowledge moderated the relationship between trust and perceived risk. Our results reveal positive relationships between trust in government management of lead, subjective knowledge about lead, and risk perception, which we attribute in part to the important role government agencies play in secondary prevention, or communicating the risks of environmental lead exposure. We also found that younger people and people living in a house built before lead paint regulations passed in 1978 perceived higher lead risks. Our findings suggest that general communication about lead risks should aim to increase people's subjective knowledge in a consistent and balanced way that improves trust in government messengers.
Treadmill running intensity and post‐exercise increase in plasma cardiac troponin I and T—A pilot study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nguyen Daniel Khai , Ellingsen Øyvind , Grenne Bjørnar , Fremo Thomas , Hov Gunhild Garmo , Røsbjørgen Ragnhild , Mikkelsen Gustav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlasma concentrations of cardiac troponins increase in healthy individuals after strenuous training, but the response to lower exercise intensities has not been characterized.AimTo determine whether exercise at moderate intensity significantly increases plasma cardiac troponins measured with different assays in healthy recreational athletes.MethodsTwenty‐four self‐reported healthy volunteers were instructed to complete three 60‐min bouts of treadmill running at variable intensities: High‐intensity training (HIT) including a maximal exercise test and an anaerobic threshold test followed by training at 80%–95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax), Moderate‐intensity training (MIT) at 60%–75% of HRmax, and Low‐intensity training (LIT) at 45%–55% of HRmax. Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, and 6 h after HIT and 4 h after MIT and LIT. Troponin I and T were measured in plasma samples with assays from Abbot, Siemens, and Roche.ResultsPlasma troponins measured with all assays were significantly increased compared to baseline after HIT but not after LIT. After HIT, the fraction of all participants with one or more values above the assay‐specific 99th percentiles ranged from 13% to 61%. The biomarker criteria for acute myocardial injury were met after HIT for troponin T in 75% of female participants having no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease.ConclusionHigh‐intensity, but not moderate‐ or low‐intensity, training for 60 min induced a potentially clinically significant increase in plasma cardiac troponins in healthy volunteers. Results exceeding the population 99th percentiles were most frequent with the troponin T assay.
Contagious or prosocial? Perceptions of mask‐wearers toward Whites and Asians: A cross‐cultural comparison during the early stage of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ko Ahra , Bock Jarrod E. , Ko Junseok , Krems Jaimie Arona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a worldwide increase in the use of face masks to prevent viral transmission. However, as mask‐wearing was a new behavior in many countries, there was a limited understanding of how mask‐wearers are perceived and how such perceptions impact one's own mask‐wearing behavior. Mask‐wearers may be seen as contagious or prosocial, and these perceptions may vary based on the race of the mask‐wearer and the country of the observer, particularly given the rise in pandemic‐related anti‐Asian rhetoric in the U.S. In three experiments (N = 579), we investigated these questions, conducting two studies in the United States (May and July 2020), where mask‐wearing was new and anti‐Asian rhetoric has been prevalent, and one study in South Korea (November 2020), where mask‐wearing was relatively common. Results indicate that masked individuals are perceived as less contagious and more prosocial, regardless of target race or participant nation. These perceptions were more pronounced among American political liberals, Americans who are more sensitive to infection transmission (Study 2), and Koreans who self‐perceived a greater vulnerability to infection (Study 3). Especially in the U.S., perceiving the masked target as more prosocial predicted more self‐reported mask‐wearing, while perceiving the masked target as more contagious and less prosocial predicted less mask‐wearing (Study 2). These findings provide insights into social perceptions of masks and race during the pandemic.
Investigating factors in indoor transmission of respiratory disease through agent‐based modeling
Authors: Choi Moongi , Hohl Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID‐19 is exacerbated in densely populated urban areas and crowded indoor settings. Despite the majority of transmissions occurring in such settings, controlling viral spread through individual‐level contacts indoors remains challenging. Experimental studies have investigated the transmission patterns of respiratory behaviors such as coughing or sneezing in controlled spatial environments. However, the effects of dynamic movement and spatial structures have been ignored, making it difficult to apply findings to urban policy and planning. To address this gap, we developed agent‐based simulations to investigate individual virus inhalation patterns across multiple scenarios in a symmetrical and formulaic indoor space. We conducted sensitivity analysis using regression emulator models to identify significant factors for viral transmission. Our results indicate positive associations with viral transmission in descending order of: (1) stay time; (2) encounter frequency; and (3) initial infected population; while negative associations are: (4) mask wearing; (5) distance to infected people; (6) nearest infected people's mask wearing; and (7) distance to entrance. We also found that narrow passages between obstacles increase virus transmission from breathing. Furthermore, we conducted a case study to investigate the potential of reducing the amount of individually inhaled virus by controlling behaviors and spatial environments. Our findings suggest that mask wearing and reduced stay time can substantially reduce transmission risk, while a large number of contacts and high grouping time result in the growth of the infected population at a certain threshold. These results provide guidance for decision makers to formulate guidelines for curbing the spread of respiratory diseases in indoor spaces.
Engineering of substrate specificity in a plant cell‐wall modifying enzyme through alterations of carboxyl‐terminal amino acid residues
Authors: Stratilová Barbora , Šesták Sergej , Stratilová Eva , Vadinová Kristína , Kozmon Stanislav , Hrmova Maria 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYStructural determinants of substrate recognition remain inadequately defined in broad specific cell‐wall modifying enzymes, termed xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases (XETs). Here, we investigate the Tropaeolum majus seed TmXET6.3 isoform, a member of the GH16_20 subfamily of the GH16 network. This enzyme recognises xyloglucan (XG)‐derived donors and acceptors, and a wide spectrum of other chiefly saccharide substrates, although it lacks the activity with homogalacturonan (pectin) fragments. We focus on defining the functionality of carboxyl‐terminal residues in TmXET6.3, which extend acceptor binding regions in the GH16_20 subfamily but are absent in the related GH16_21 subfamily. Site‐directed mutagenesis using double to quintuple mutants in the carboxyl‐terminal region – substitutions emulated on barley XETs recognising the XG/penta‐galacturonide acceptor substrate pair – demonstrated that this activity could be gained in TmXET6.3. We demonstrate the roles of semi‐conserved Arg238 and Lys237 residues, introducing a net positive charge in the carboxyl‐terminal region (which complements a negative charge of the acidic penta‐galacturonide) for the transfer of xyloglucan fragments. Experimental data, supported by molecular modelling of TmXET6.3 with the XG oligosaccharide donor and penta‐galacturonide acceptor substrates, indicated that they could be accommodated in the active site. Our findings support the conclusion on the significance of positively charged residues at the carboxyl terminus of TmXET6.3 and suggest that a broad specificity could be engineered via modifications of an acceptor binding site. The definition of substrate specificity in XETs should prove invaluable for defining the structure, dynamics, and function of plant cell walls, and their metabolism; these data could be applicable in various biotechnologies.
Aldehyde perception induces specific molecular responses in Laminaria digitata and affects algal consumption by a specialist grazer
Authors: Xing Qikun , Cabioch Léa , Desrut Antoine , Le Corguillé Gildas , Rousvoal Sylvie , Dartevelle Laurence , Rolland Elodie , Guitton Yann , Potin Philippe , Markov Gabriel V. , Faugeron Sylvain , Leblanc Catherine 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYIn the marine environment, distance signaling based on water‐borne cues occurs during interactions between macroalgae and herbivores. In the brown alga Laminaria digitata from North‐Atlantic Brittany, oligoalginates elicitation or grazing was shown to induce chemical and transcriptomic regulations, as well as emission of a wide range of volatile aldehydes, but their biological roles as potential defense or warning signals in response to herbivores remain unknown. In this context, bioassays using the limpet Patella pellucida and L. digitata were carried out for determining the effects of algal transient incubation with 4‐hydroxyhexenal (4‐HHE), 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) and dodecadienal on algal consumption by grazers. Simultaneously, we have developed metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches to study algal molecular responses after treatments of L. digitata with these chemical compounds. The results indicated that, unlike the treatment of the plantlets with 4‐HNE or dodecadienal, treatment with 4‐HHE decreases algal consumption by herbivores at 100 ng.ml−1. Moreover, we showed that algal metabolome was significantly modified according to the type of aldehydes, and more specifically the metabolite pathways linked to fatty acid degradation. RNAseq analysis further showed that 4‐HHE at 100 ng.ml−1 can activate the regulation of genes related to oxylipin signaling pathways and specific responses, compared to oligoalginates elicitation. As kelp beds constitute complex ecosystems consisting of habitat and food source for marine herbivores, the algal perception of specific aldehydes leading to targeted molecular regulations could have an important biological role on kelps/grazers interactions.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Bottoming Cycles for Off-Shore Applications—An Optimization Study
Authors: Persico Giacomo , Sánchez David T. , Alfani Dario , Silva Paolo , Vijgen Rene , Ruggiero Marco , Glos Stefan , Le Pierres Renaud , Schmitz Ulrich , Rubycz Rasmus , Cagnac Albannie , Macadam Scott , Orhon Dominique H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Closed Joule–Brayton thermodynamic cycles working with carbon dioxide in supercritical conditions (sCO2) are presently receiving great attention, for their multiple attractive aspects: high energy conversion efficiency, compact size, flexibility of operation, and integration with energy storage systems. These features make the sCO2 technology interesting for several energy and industrial sectors, including renewable sources and waste heat recovery. A further promising area of application of sCO2 systems is bottoming gas turbines in combined cycles installed in off-shore platforms, where the lack of space complicates the application of steam Rankine cycles. The use of steam implies large-scale components and demands for large space availability for the plant installation; in such context, the combination of gas turbines with sCO2 cycles could open the way for developing novel combined cycles, which could be attractive for all the sectors which might take advantage from the footprint savings, the enhanced flexibility, and the fast dynamics of sCO2 systems. In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic potential of combining sCO2 cycles with an existing gas turbine for off-shore applications. We consider a midsize (25 MW) gas turbine available on the market and perform a series of thermodynamic optimizations of the sCO2 bottoming cycle to maximize the exploitation of the heat discharged by the gas turbine. We analyze four alternative configurations and include realistic technical constraints, evaluated by leveraging on the most recent technical outcomes from ongoing sCO2 research projects. A comparison is also proposed with a state-of-the-art steam Rankine cycle, in terms of system efficiency and footprint of the largest components. This study clarifies the advantages and challenges of applying sCO2 in combination with gas turbines, and it confirms the relevance of sCO2 systems for off-shore applications, calling for further technical studies in the field.
Calculation of Thermodynamic Wetness Loss in Steam Turbines Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Hoznedl Michal , Kolovratník Michal , Jun Gukchol 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the paper, the behavior of wet steam flow is described in three different steam turbines. The first one is the 1100 MW turbine in the nuclear power plant with the pressurized water reactor. The second one is the 660 MW turbine in the fossil fuel power plant with ultrasupercritical steam parameters at the turbine inlet. The last turbine has a nominal output of 34 MW and operates in the municipal waste-to-energy plant. However, this turbine can often also operate even at 2 MW or higher. In all three turbines in the last stage area passages are made for an optical probe to measure steam wetness and primary droplets size, and for a pneumatic probe to determine the pressures, velocities and flow directions. Based on experimentally obtained data, analyses of thermodynamic wetness loss for all three turbines are performed using numerical flow simulations considering equilibrium and nonequilibrium steam. The condensation model that includes the nucleation rate and droplet growth velocity used in ansyscfx is calibrated based on experimentally obtained data. It is evident that the obtained loss patterns depend fundamentally on the turbine type and operating parameters.
Grain-Scale Study of SAC305 Oligocrystalline Solder Joints: Anisotropic Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Properties of Single Crystals
Authors: Deshpande Abhishek , Bharamgonda Aniket , Jiang Qian , Dasgupta Abhijit 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on anisotropic elastic-plastic constitutive modeling of SAC (SnAgCu) solder grains because of their importance in modeling the behavior of oligocrystalline (few-grained) micron-scale solder joints that are increasingly common in heterogeneous integration. Such grain-scale anisotropic modeling approach provides more accurate assessment of the mechanical response of solder interconnects in terms of predicting different failure modes, failure sites, and variability in time-to-failure. Anisotropic plasticity is represented using Hill–Ramberg–Osgood (RO) continuum plasticity model, which utilizes Hill's anisotropic plastic potential along with a RO power-law plastic hardening flow rule. Mechanistically motivated empirical scaling factors are proposed to extrapolate the stress–strain response for different grain sizes/shapes and for different coarseness of microstructures within each grain (generated with different cooling rates). This scaling factor can therefore also capture the effects of microstructural coarsening due to isothermal aging. This goal is achieved by first conducting monotonic tensile and shear tests on monocrystalline and oligocrystalline SAC305 solder joints containing grains of various geometries and also intragranular microscale (dendritic and eutectic) structures of various coarseness. The grain structures are characterized for each tested specimen using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The Hill–RO model constants and the empirical scaling factors are then estimated by matching grain-scale anisotropic elastic-plastic finite element models of each tested specimen to the measured stress–strain behavior, using an inverse-iteration process. Grain shape is seen to influence the sensitivity of the effective stress–strain curves to the applied stress state (i.e., to the orientation of the principal stress directions) relative to (i) the material principal directions and (ii) the geometric principal directions of grains with high aspect ratio. Limitations of the current results and opportunities for future improvements are discussed.
Experimental Study on Airflow Upwash and Control of Thrust Increase Induced by Ceiling Effect on Microrotor
Authors: Nishibe Koichi , Koizumi Yusuke , Sekiguchi Kazuma 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study examines the mechanism of thrust increase due to the ceiling effect in near-ceiling flight, which is one of the concerns for the practical application of micro-air vehicles in indoor environments. We also proposed a novel rotor blade shape with a pressure recovery hole as one of the passive control techniques and investigated its effectiveness in controlling the thrust increase. The obtained results showed a rapid thrust increase, with an outward swirling flow between the rotor blade and ceiling, observed with a rectangular blade with an extremely small distance between the upper surface of the rotor blade and ceiling. The rapid thrust increase was caused by a pressure difference between the rotor blade and the lower surface of the ceiling in addition to the rotor blade rotation, which generated an outward swirling flow between the rotor blade and ceiling. In addition to the force generated by the pressure difference between the upper and lower blade surfaces due to their rotation, the negative pressure area created by the rotor blades generates the airflow upwash. For the thrust-control rotor blade, the ratio of the pressure recovery hole to the rotor blade radius was 0.5, which maintained approximately 90% or more of the thrust without the upper wall of the rectangular blade; moreover, the distance between the ceiling and the rotor blade at which the thrust began to increase rapidly became shorter, flight performance was generally maintained in the absence of the ceiling, and the thrust increase amplitude was suppressed.
Diet type and prey preference of predators affect intraguild predation between Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulus barkeri
Authors: Chi Yuanming , Li Yujing , Liu Jiting , Fu Xiaotong , Meng Ruixia 
Published: September 2023

Amblyseius andersoni and Neoseiulus barkeri, two species of phytoseiid mites that are widely used for the control of small sucking pests, were found to co-occur on Chinese wolfberry in Inner Mongolia. We investigated the possibility of intraguild predation (IGP) between A. andersoni and N. barkeri to explore the interactions and coexistence of these two species. Predation and oviposition of the two predators on heterospecific juveniles were measured and compared with Tetranychus truncatus or Typha pollen as food, or without alternative food. The mortality rate of N. barkeri juveniles was not affected by the diet treatment, but that of A. andersoni juveniles was reduced by the presence of spider mites. The presence of spider mites also increased oviposition by A. andersoni but not by N. barkeri, and the presence of pollen had no influence on the oviposition of the two predators. Thus, according to the IGP criteria for gaining benefits from predation on heterospecific juveniles, it was concluded that IGP between A. andersoni and N. barkeri occurred, with A. andersoni as intraguild predator and N. barkeri as intraguild prey when spider mites were present. In a further choice test in which heterospecific juveniles and T. truncatus juveniles were provided for each predator, female A. andersoni preferred to prey on N. barkeri rather than on spider mites, whereas female N. barkeri preferred to feed on spider mites rather than on A. andersoni. These findings indicate that the higher preference of N. barkeri on T. truncatus might result in its lower predation on the other predator species compared with A. andersoni and, thus, increased the possibility of the coexistence of the two predator species. Therefore, the occurrence of IGP between A. andersoni and N. barkeri appears to be influenced by the availability and type of the diet and the prey preference of the predators.