bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the blue economy, potential, and opportunities in seven Caribbean nations pre-COVID-19
Authors: Phang Sui , March Antaya , Touron-Gardic Gregoire , Deane Kieran , Failler Pierre 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Caribbean countries face many challenges to effectively implement and benefit from the blue economy. This study synthesized current available information from the literature about the main blue economy activities in the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Suriname, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to highlight their value in the context of blue economic recovery. This timestamp of data provides a point of comparison to understand the vulnerability of blue economy sectors to external shocks. The top performing sectors prior to the pandemic were shipping and tourism, both of which were significant contributors to the GDP. The other sectors (e.g. fisheries, aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, etc.) in some countries were well established and in others, at a minimum, displayed potential for continued development. To valorize the blue economy in a post pandemic recovery, there are three core areas of opportunity: sustainable resource extraction and production; cultivated economic development; and improved ecosystem economic valuations. Harnessing these opportunities will require a transition from a traditional ocean economy towards a coordinated blue economy, including the adoption of effective governance and sustainability principles, improved social, economic, and environmental valuations, and sustainable financing, as well as a more regional coordinated approach to the management of resources.
Quantifying the potential impact of reducing recreational harvest limits on the catch of a key marine species using off-site angler survey data
Authors: Ochwada-Doyle Faith , Hughes Julian , Fowler Ashley M , Murphy Jeffrey , Stark Kate , Lowry Michael , West Laurie , Taylor Matthew D 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recreational fishing can have substantial ecological impacts, which must be managed against a background of critical socio-economic factors. However, it is often difficult to assess the effect of altered management arrangements on this sector’s harvest. Recreational fishing surveys can assist in quantifying the impact of changes to harvest limits. Here, we use survey data collected in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018 to estimate the total catch of Dusky Flathead (Platycephalus fuscus), a key Australian marine species, under a daily harvest limit of 10 fish per angler and simulated scenarios where the limit is reduced to 5, 3, or 1 fish per angler. We then test the significance of these changes in harvest limit on catch and also model the potential effects of year and region using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMz). For both sampled time periods, the GLMMz found that only the most stringent harvest limit reduction to 1 fish per angler would lower retained harvest significantly. None of the reductions in harvest limit increased the number of released Dusky Flathead significantly. We discuss how this novel quantitative approach can be used to inform alternative output management regulations by taking into account their potential ecological and socio-economic benefits for a recreational fishery.
Practices of Policy Orientation: A Study of the Heterogeneous Field of Democracy Promotion Research
Authors: Holthaus Leonie , Wolff Jonas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, we address the question of how policy orientation shapes academic research from a sociological perspective. Policy orientation involves the mobilization of scientific resources and the “mobilization of the world.” Our analysis is based on Bourdieusian field theory and focuses on democracy promotion research (DPR). It shows that DPR is a heterogeneous academic field characterized by the field-specific demand for policy orientation. (Western) Scholars and, particularly, scholar-practitioners occupy central positions, and field-specific practices of policy orientation include stocktaking, evaluation, problem identification, and critical intervention. While we derive these insights from analysis of DPR, our findings are useful for the study of policy orientation in similar academic fields. For the reflexive and systematic analysis of how policy orientation shapes, for example, development studies and human rights research, we suggest a focus on interrelations between academic fields, field-specific struggles, and relationships with the respective policy fields.
Using Emotion4Down: Evaluating the Design of a Serious Video Game for Supporting Emotional Awareness with People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hernandez-Lara Marisela , Martinez-Garcia Ana I , Caro Karina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Down syndrome is considered the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. People with intellectual disabilities have deficits in intellectual functioning such as attention, reasoning and academic learning. According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, intellectual disability encompasses only a person’s intellectual functioning; however, it can co-exist with other developmental disabilities, such as Down syndrome. People with Down syndrome may have intellectual disabilities in the mild to moderate range. Because of this, they exhibit some cognitive and emotional characteristics of intellectual disability. Among the emotional characteristics of these populations are difficulties in recognizing some emotions, which triggers anxiety and depression problems. The literature proposes using serious video games to support different skills of people with Down syndrome and intellectual disabilities. Some of these works have shown how these serious video games support the development of different skills of these populations. However, they have not been designed to support their emotional awareness. Likewise, technology is aimed at supporting emotion recognition and identification, but most of these have been aimed at other populations, such as people with autism. This paper presents the evaluation process of the design of Emotion4Down: a serious video game to support emotional awareness. We conducted this evaluation in three stages involving people with intellectual disabilities and Down syndrome.
The relationship between compliance and compulsion, and dynamics of diversion, in child welfare decision-making
Authors: Donnelly Michelle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article explores the relationship between (parental) compliance and (child) compulsion, within the wider dynamics of diversion, in child welfare decision-making. It examines how notions of parental compliance can be used by decision-makers to distinguish between compulsory and voluntary forms of state intervention in children’s and families’ lives. The article focusses on Scotland as a case study by drawing on empirical findings from a qualitative investigation into gatekeeping decision-making in the children’s hearings system, which found that notions of parental compliance are significant to decisions about whether to bring children within the statutory child protection system in practice. Key findings on parental cooperation, engagement, and acceptance are conceptualised as forms of ‘compliance’, linked to the existing international evidence base, and analysed in terms of state power and coercion, parental stigma and resistance in child protection processes. The relationship between parental compliance and child compulsion is scrutinised, in light of the procedural peculiarities of the Scottish system and wider proliferation of diversionary strategies aimed at reducing the numbers of children being drawn into formal child protection processes. The conclusion is that positive parental compliance may support diversion from involuntary child protection processes but there should be limits to reliance on negative conceptions of non-compliance to support direction into the statutory system.
In a nutshell
Authors: Codogno Lorenzo , Galli Giampaolo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStrange as it may seem to most readers, there is a flurry of publications against meritocracy in the US and the UK. Hence the authors are rather precise in defining what they mean by meritocracy. Meritocracy is the idea that social and economic success should reflect talent, effort, and achievement. Would anyone be happy to know that her/his cardiologist was not selected according to merit and is, therefore, at best, a mediocre doctor? And why should merit be less important for such critical functions as those of the teachers to whom we entrust the education of our children, or those of the judges who have the power to limit our personal freedoms? Whatever criticism one may raise against meritocracy, one must always be aware that the alternative to it is patronage, which means essentially a semi-feudal system where positions in society are either inherited or obtained through connections with barons, dukes, bosses, etc. This is something that a modern liberal democracy cannot accept as a matter of principle. It cannot accept it because, in the absence of merit, leaders in all fields of society are mediocre, and they end up losing legitimacy. In a knowledge-based competitive scenario, a society not based on merit is unlikely to display economic growth. Lack of legitimacy and low economic growth give some justification to populist movements and create general resentment against the institutions that may undermine the very foundation of the democratic state.
The Culture vs Strategy
Authors: Pawar V P , Kunte Bhagyashree , Tumuluri Srinivas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case describes an Industrial Relations (IR) situation in an automobile company in India. It begins with the mention of incidents which begins with lockout at the company. A lockout is a temporary work stoppage or denial of employment initiated by the management of a company during a labour dispute. According to the rule, after the company’s lockout, workers are not paid till the time it (lockout) is revoked. The monthly salaries of its employees for the period before the incident will be paid only after the lockout is withdrawn and the plant starts functioning. The case highlights the growing number of instances of clashes between the employees and the management of companies in India, due to unjustified demands by the workers which are often guided by external parties such as trade unions and political parties. German automobile component manufacturer Bosch has declared a lockout at its Jaipur plant due to an ‘illegal go-slow’ action since 19 March 2015 and on an indefinite hunger strike by the union office bearers.
An Opaque Window
Authors: Mathur SB , Bokephode Sudhakar , Balsaraf DD 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As regards two union situations in Alpha Automobiles (AA) the management should formulate a works council (WC) where in leaders of both the unions get equal opportunity to discuss and negotiate with management on a continuous basis. The WC should consist of employee representatives: president, general secretary, joint secretary, two members from each union. The first three positions should be rotated between two unions every eighteen months. There should be common minimum agreed points (CMAP) between management and the unions which will not be contested by the unions during validity of the MOA. Issues such as efficiency, wages, quality, safety, attendance and to maintain industrial peace should be included in these MAPS.
No sign of increased ethnic discrimination during a crisis: evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Auer Daniel , Ruedin Didier , Van Belle Eva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When crises hit, social theory predicts increased hostility toward immigrants. We exploit the Covid-19 pandemic as a unique exogenous crisis and examine whether discrimination increased in its wake. Repeating a field experiment in the Swiss housing market in 2018 and 2020, we find no evidence of increased discrimination against the most important immigrant groups in Switzerland. Contrarily, when uncertainty dominates the market, proprietors appear to change their selection behavior by substituting signals of ethnicity for other markers of solvency and reliability and, consequently, invitation rates for immigrants increase relative to native house-hunters. We conclude that crises do not necessarily increase discriminatory behavior in market situations.
Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Prelabor Cesarean Birth
Authors: Ruzic Martha F. , Blanchard Christina T. , Cozzi Gabriella D. , Howard Hannah R. , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T. , Kim Dhong-Jin , Szychowski Jeff M. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate maternal postoperative infections before and after addition of adjunctive azithromycin to standard antibiotic prophylaxis for prelabor cesarean births.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with singleton gestations at more than 23 weeks of gestation who underwent prelabor cesarean birth at a single tertiary care center. Deliveries were categorized as those before implementation of 500 mg intravenous azithromycin in addition to standard preoperative cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis (pre-AZI group; January 2013–September 2015) and those after implementation of adjunctive azithromycin (post-AZI group; January 2016–December 2018). Cesarean births from October to December 2015 were excluded as a washout period. The primary outcome was a composite of postcesarean infections (endometritis, superficial or deep wound infections, intra-abdominal abscess, urinary tract infections). Secondary outcomes included composite components, other wound or postoperative complications, and select neonatal morbidities. Outcomes were compared between groups, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariable analysis. Propensity score matching was performed to assess the robustness our analysis.

RESULTS:
Of 2,867 delivering patients included for analysis, 1,391 (48.5%) were in the pre-AZI group and 1,476 (51.5%) were in the post-AZI group. Patients in the post-AZI group were older and were more likely to have private insurance, use aspirin, and receive predelivery antibiotics within 2 weeks. There were significantly lower odds of composite infection after azithromycin implementation (3.3% vs 4.8%, aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40–0.89), driven by a reduction in wound infection odds (2.4% vs 3.5%, aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.39–0.98). There were lower odds of other postpartum complications, including wound seroma (0.5% vs 0.9%, aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.90) and dehiscence (0.5% vs 1.2%, aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.13–0.79). There were no differences in select neonatal morbidities between groups. Of 1,138 matching sets in the propensity analysis, the primary outcome remained significantly lower in the post-AZI group (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41–0.99).

CONCLUSION:
Adopting adjunctive azithromycin for prelabor cesarean deliveries was associated with lower odds of postpartum infection.
Complex Gynecologic Fistulas Presenting 10 Years After Uterine Artery Embolization
Authors: Fugaru Ioana , Fogaing Cora , Aldhaheri Sarah , Weibel Helene , Fahmy Nader 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure for treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas, but long-term complications are under-reported.

CASE:
This is the case of a healthy 51-year-old woman who had previously undergone UAE for symptomatic uterine leiomyomas. The patient presented with gross hematuria and pelvic pain 10 years later. She was found to have both a vesicouterine and a uteroduodenal fistula. The patient was successfully treated with hysterectomy, excision of the vesicouterine fistula, partial cystectomy, excision of the duodenal fistula, and primary duodenal repair.

CONCLUSION:
Complex gynecologic fistulas may occur as a long-term complication in symptomatic women with a history of UAE.
Trends in Hysterectomy Rates Associated With the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic
Authors: Emont Jordan , Wen Timothy , Friedman Alexander M. , Wright Jason D. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To compare nationwide trends in the rate of inpatient and outpatient hysterectomy between 2019 and 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS:
Using weighted data from the National Inpatient Sample and the National Ambulatory Surgery Sample, we examined the number of hysterectomies performed by month from 2019 through 2020. Monthly trends were compared between years overall, stratified by the route of surgery (abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal) and by indication for surgery (benign, preinvasive, cancer). Trends analyses were conducted using Joinpoint regression and reported as average monthly percentage change (AMPC). Differences in demographic characteristics between the years were compared using χ2 tests.

RESULTS:
From January 2019 through December 2020, after weighting, 1,029,792 hysterectomies were performed, including 548,802 (53.2%) in 2019 and 480,990 (46.7%) in 2020. Starting in January 2020, monthly cases declined significantly, from 40,240 to a nadir of 10,566 hysterectomies in April 2020 (AMPC −29.2%, 95% CI −39.8% to −16.8%) (P<.001). The subsequent months saw a significant increase in cases, from the nadir in April 2020 to 40,023 cases in July 2020 (AMPC 39.4%, 95% CI 18.6–63.9%) (P=.001), which then stabilized to the end of the year (AMPC −1.3%, 95% CI −4.8% to 2.4%) (P=.46). In March 2020 there was a 24.0% decrease, in April 2020 a 74.2% decrease, and in May 2020 a 35.1% decrease compared with the respective months in 2019. The rates of vaginal hysterectomy declined more than the rates of other routes of surgery, and procedures performed for benign and preinvasive disease decreased more than those for cancer.

CONCLUSION:
The rate of hysterectomy in the United States decreased in 2020 compared with 2019, with the greatest decrease from March to May of 2020, corresponding with the initial wave of COVID-19.
The Utilization of Sunscreen Prescriptions to Increase Patient Use
Authors: Roush James M. , Richards Elizabeth A. , Masterson Katrina , Potetz Janelle 
Published: January 2023

Background
Despite the known benefits, many patients deny receiving sunscreen counseling. Over the past decade, rates and treatment costs for skin cancer have risen.

Purpose
This study seeks to investigate provider perceptions of using sunscreen prescriptions as a method to increase patient use.

Methods
A descriptive online survey using a convenience sample of dermatology, internal medicine, and family medicine providers was used. Descriptive statistics summarized quantitative variables, and thematic analysis examined open-ended questions.

Results
Provider (N = 38 total) thoughts about sunscreen prescriptions were mixed, with many viewing sunscreen prescriptions positively (n = 15, 42.9%). Commonly listed barriers included patient lack of motivation/interest (3.53 ± 0.89), lack of standard guidelines about sunscreen counseling and prescriptions (3.34 ± 1.12), and lack of education about prescribing sunscreen (3.26 ± 1.35). Facilitators included insurance coverage (n = 21, 61.8%) and having a standardized protocol (n = 8, 23.5%).

Conclusion
Most providers felt prescribing sunscreen would increase patient use. Study results imply providers would utilize sunscreen prescriptions if a clear, standardized protocol was present. Education may help alleviate concerns related to insurance coverage. In consideration of time constraints, it may be beneficial for sunscreen prescriptions to be added to routine after-visit summaries and educational materials.
Risk Factors for Pediatric Sepsis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mercurio Laura , Pou Sovijja , Duffy Susan , Eickhoff Carsten 
Published: January 2023

Objective
To identify underappreciated sepsis risk factors among children presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods
A retrospective observational study (2017–2019) of children aged 18 years and younger presenting to a pediatric ED at a tertiary care children's hospital with fever, hypotension, or an infectious disease International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 diagnosis. Structured patient data including demographics, problem list, and vital signs were extracted for 35,074 qualifying ED encounters. According to the Improving Pediatric Sepsis Outcomes Classification, confirmed by expert review, 191 patients met clinical sepsis criteria. Five machine learning models were trained to predict sepsis/nonsepsis outcomes. Top features enabling model performance (N = 20) were then extracted to identify patient risk factors.

Results
Machine learning methods reached a performance of up to 93% sensitivity and 84% specificity in identifying patients who received a hospital diagnosis of sepsis. A random forest classifier performed the best, followed by a classification and regression tree. Maximum documented heart rate was the top feature in these models, with importance coefficients (ICs) of 0.09 and 0.21, which represent how much an individual feature contributes to the model. Maximum mean arterial pressure was the second most important feature (IC 0.05, 0.13). Immunization status (IC 0.02), age (IC 0.03), and patient zip code (IC 0.02) were also among the top features enabling models to predict sepsis from ED visit data. Stratified analysis revealed changes in the predictive importance of risk factors by race, ethnicity, oncologic history, and insurance status.

Conclusions
Machine learning models trained to identify pediatric sepsis using ED clinical and sociodemographic variables confirmed well-established predictors, including heart rate and mean arterial pressure, and identified underappreciated relationships between sepsis and patient age, immunization status, and demographics.