bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I prescribe prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy
Authors: Clark Edward G. , Vijayan Anitha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProlonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy (PIRRT) is the term used to define ‘hybrid’ forms of renal replacement therapy. PIRRT can be provided using an intermittent hemodialysis machine or a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machine. Treatments are provided for a longer duration than typical intermittent hemodialysis treatments (6–12 h vs. 3–4 h, respectively) but not 24 h per day as is done for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Usually, PIRRT treatments are provided 4 to 7 times per week. PIRRT is a cost-effective and flexible modality with which to safely provide RRT for critically ill patients. We present a brief review on the use of PIRRT in the ICU with a focus on how we prescribe it in that setting.
Endocervical adenocarcinoma implantation in episiotomy scar: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yarandi Fariba , Aghili Mahdi , Ramhormozian Sara , Shirali Elham 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is a rare malignancy in the 1st months of pregnancy. Implantation of this cancer in an episiotomy scar is a condition that is rarely reported.

Case presentation
We reviewed the literature on this condition and reported a 38 year-old Persian patient who had been diagnosed with cervical cancer, clinically stage IB1, 5 months after a term vaginal delivery. She underwent transabdominal radical hysterectomy with ovarian preservation. Two months later she presented with a mass-like lesion in the episiotomy scar which was proved to be of cervical adenocarcinoma origin after biopsy. The patient was scheduled for chemotherapy with interstitial brachytherapy, an alternative to wide local resection, with successful long-term disease-free survival.

Conclusion
Implantation of adenocarcinoma in an episiotomy scar is a rare occurrence in patients with a history of cervical cancer and previous vaginal delivery near the time of diagnosis which requires extensive local excision as a primary treatment when feasible. The proximity of the lesion to the anus can lead to major complications of extensive surgery. Alternative chemoradiation combined with interstitial brachytherapy can be successful in eliminating cancer recurrence without compromising the functional outcome.
Pediatric lymphatic leishmaniasis: a case report
Authors: Kindie Endeshaw Asaye , Yefter Ermias Teklehaimanot , Alemu Bewketu Abebe , Gurji Tiruzer Bekele , Tadesse Amanuel Kassa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
There are three main forms of leishmaniases: visceral (the most serious form because it is almost always fatal without treatment), cutaneous (the most common, usually causing skin ulcers), and mucocutaneous (affecting mouth, nose, and throat). Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites, which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. The disease affects some of the world’s poorest people and is associated with malnutrition, population displacement, poor housing, a weak immune system, and lack of financial resources. An estimated 700,000 to 1 million new cases occur annually. Only a small fraction of those infected by parasites causing leishmaniasis will eventually develop the disease. We report a case of exclusive lymph node involvement in leishmaniasis, presenting as localized lymphadenopathies. The diagnosis of lymphatic leishmaniasis was confirmed by the presence of Leishmania donovani bodies in fine needle aspiration cytology, and positive anti-rK39 antibodies. The bone marrow aspiration was negative for Leishmania donovani bodies. Abdominal ultrasound was done and there was no organomegaly. Furthermore, localized lymphadenopathies may provide a diagnostic challenge by clinically mimicking a lymphoma or other causes of lymphadenopathy. Due to its rarity and its tendency to pose a clinical diagnostic challenge, we decided to report a case of lymphatic leishmaniasis.

Case presentation
A 12-year-old Amara male patient presented to the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia, with six discrete right lateral cervical lymphadenopathies, the largest measuring 3 × 2 cm2, with no cutaneous lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in lymph node, and he was put on sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg body weight/day) and paromomycin (15 mg/kg body weight/day) injections, which are given intramuscularly for 17 days. Having completed his medication at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, he had a smooth course and was discharged with appointment scheduled for follow-up after 3 months.

Conclusion
In the clinical evaluation of a patient with isolated lymphadenopathies, leishmaniasis must be considered as a differential diagnosis in immunocompetent subjects in endemic areas for early diagnostic workup and management.
Association between interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms (rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896) and severity of infection in different SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Abbood Sattar Jabbar Abbood , Anvari Enayat , Fateh Abolfazl 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 (IL10) gene have been linked to the severity of the patients infected with the viral infections. This study aimed to assess if the IL10 gene polymorphisms rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896 were linked to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mortality in different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in the Iranian population.

Methods
For genotyping IL10 rs1800871, rs1800872, and rs1800896, this study used the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in 1,734 recovered and 1,450 deceased patients.

Results
The obtained finding indicated IL10 rs1800871 CC genotype in the Alpha variant and CT genotype in the Delta variant had a relationship with COVID-19 mortality; however, there was no association between rs1800871 polymorphism and the Omicron BA.5 variant. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800872 TT genotype in the Alpha and Omicron BA.5 variants and GT in the Alpha and Delta variants. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with IL10 rs1800896 GG and AG genotypes in the Delta and Omicron BA.5; nevertheless, there was no association between rs1800896 polymorphism with the Alpha variant. According to the obtained data, the GTA haplotype was the most common of haplotype in different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The TCG haplotype was related to COVID-19 mortality in the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants.

Conclusion
The IL10 polymorphisms had an impact on COVID-19 infection, and these polymorphisms had different effects in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. To verify the obtained results, further studies should be conducted on various ethnic groups.
Temporal tracking of microglial and monocyte single-cell transcriptomics in lethal flavivirus infection
Authors: Spiteri Alanna G. , Wishart Claire L. , Ni Duan , Viengkhou Barney , Macia Laurence , Hofer Markus J. , King Nicholas J. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the resident parenchymal myeloid population in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are strategically positioned to respond to neurotropic virus invasion and have been implicated in promoting both disease resolution and progression in the acute and post-infectious phase of virus encephalitis. In a mouse model of West Nile virus encephalitis (WNE), infection of the CNS results in recruitment of large numbers of peripheral immune cells into the brain, the majority being nitric oxide (NO)-producing Ly6Chi inflammatory monocyte-derived cells (MCs). In this model, these cells enhance immunopathology and mortality. However, the contribution of microglia to this response is currently undefined. Here we used a combination of experimental tools, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), microglia and MC depletion reagents, high-dimensional spectral cytometry and computational algorithms to dissect the differential contribution of microglia and MCs to the anti-viral immune response in severe neuroinflammation seen in WNE. Intriguingly, analysis of scRNA-seq data revealed 6 unique microglia and 3 unique MC clusters that were predominantly timepoint-specific, demonstrating substantial transcriptional adaptation with disease progression over the course of WNE. While microglia and MC adopted unique gene expression profiles, gene ontology enrichment analysis, coupled with microglia and MC depletion studies, demonstrated a role for both of these cells in the trafficking of peripheral immune cells into the CNS, T cell responses and viral clearance. Over the course of infection, microglia transitioned from a homeostatic to an anti-viral and then into an immune cell-recruiting phenotype. Conversely, MC adopted antigen-presenting, immune cell-recruiting and NO-producing phenotypes, which all had anti-viral function. Overall, this study defines for the first time the single-cell transcriptomic responses of microglia and MCs over the course of WNE, demonstrating both protective and pathological roles of these cells that could potentially be targeted for differential therapeutic intervention to dampen immune-mediated pathology, while maintaining viral clearance functions.
Mechanical power and 30-day mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients with and without Coronavirus Disease-2019: a hospital registry study
Authors: Azizi Basit A. , Munoz-Acuna Ricardo , Suleiman Aiman , Ahrens Elena , Redaelli Simone , Tartler Tim M. , Chen Guanqing , Jung Boris , Talmor Daniel , Baedorf-Kassis Elias N. , Schaefer Maximilian S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies linked a high intensity of ventilation, measured as mechanical power, to mortality in patients suffering from “classic” ARDS. By contrast, mechanically ventilated patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 may present with intact pulmonary mechanics while undergoing mechanical ventilation for longer periods of time. We investigated whether an association between higher mechanical power and mortality is modified by a diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods
This retrospective study included critically ill, adult patients who were mechanically ventilated for at least 24 h between March 2020 and December 2021 at a tertiary healthcare facility in Boston, Massachusetts. The primary exposure was median mechanical power during the first 24 h of mechanical ventilation, calculated using a previously validated formula. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. As co-primary analysis, we investigated whether a diagnosis of COVID-19 modified the primary association. We further investigated the association between mechanical power and days being alive and ventilator free and effect modification of this by a diagnosis of COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression, effect modification and negative binomial regression analyses adjusted for baseline patient characteristics, severity of disease and in-hospital factors, were applied.

Results
1,737 mechanically ventilated patients were included, 411 (23.7%) suffered from COVID-19. 509 (29.3%) died within 30 days. The median mechanical power during the first 24 h of ventilation was 19.3 [14.6–24.0] J/min in patients with and 13.2 [10.2–18.0] J/min in patients without COVID-19. A higher mechanical power was associated with 30-day mortality (ORadj 1.26 per 1-SD, 7.1J/min increase; 95% CI 1.09–1.46; p = 0.002). Effect modification and interaction analysis did not support that this association was modified by a diagnosis of COVID-19 (95% CI, 0.81–1.38; p-for-interaction = 0.68). A higher mechanical power was associated with a lower number of days alive and ventilator free until day 28 (IRRadj 0.83 per 7.1 J/min increase; 95% CI 0.75–0.91; p < 0.001, adjusted risk difference − 2.7 days per 7.1J/min increase; 95% CI − 4.1 to − 1.3).

Conclusion
A higher mechanical power is associated with elevated 30-day mortality. While patients with COVID-19 received mechanical ventilation with higher mechanical power, this association was independent of a concomitant diagnosis of COVID-19.
Shell folded footings using different angles and EPS cavity filling: experimental study
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed E. , Hasan Ahmed M. M. , Mater Yasser M. , AbdelSalam Sherif S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShell folded footings have drawn the interest of researchers for decades as an alternative to typical flat isolated footings because folded footings can reduce the needed amount of reinforced concrete in addition to enhancing the overall geotechnical performance of the supporting soil medium. The main setback of utilizing such folded footings is the relatively complex geometry of the bottom cavity, which requires proper compaction of the soil used to fill that cavity. Current geosynthetic materials such as geofoam or expanded polystyrene (EPS) proved efficiency in many geotechnical applications, where EPS was adopted herein as a cavity-filling material for folded footings. EPS and footing concrete properties were determined using the ultrasonic test device, such as modulus of elasticity and damping coefficient. The main aim of this study was to experimentally assess the behavior of folded footings with and without EPS filling using seven fully instrumented footing models with folding angles ranging from 0° to 45°. Reinforcement was placed in the footing models and limited along the perimeter to act as a hidden ring beam. The models were load tested inside a sandbox to measure internal stresses induced in the soil and the overall settlement. Results showed a significant enhancement in the soil behavior after using EPS. Modification factors were developed for the standard bearing capacity and settlement equations to account for the folding angle and EPS filling effects.
Virtual pterygoid implant planning in maxillary atrophic patients: prosthetic-driven planning and evaluation
Authors: Sun Yuanyuan , Xu Chunfeng , Wang Ningtao , Wu Yiqun , Liu Yuelian , Fan Shengchi , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to (1) define the virtual valid length of pterygoid implants in maxillary atrophic patients from the prosthetic prioritized driven position and (2) measure the implant length engaged in the pterygoid process according to the HU difference of the pterygoid maxillary junction.

Materials and methods
Virtual pterygoid implants were planned with CBCT of maxillary atrophic patients in the software. The entry and angulation of the implant were planned according to the prosthetic prioritized driven position in the 3D reconstruction image. The planned implant length and the valid length defined as the implant between the pterygoid maxillary junction and pterygoid fossa were recorded. The relationship between the implant and sinus cavity was also evaluated.

Results
A total of 120 CBCT samples were enrolled and virtually planned. The mean age of the patients was 56.2 ± 13.2 years. One hundred and sixteen samples could successfully place virtual implants according to the criterion. The mean implant length and mean implant length beyond the pterygoid maxillary junction were 16.3 ± 4.2 mm (range, 11.5–18 mm) and 7.1 ± 3.3 mm (range, 1.5–11.4 mm), respectively. Ninety percent of virtually planned implants had a close relationship with the sinus cavity, and implants exhibited longer lengths when they had no relation with the sinus.

Conclusion
From a prosthetic prioritized driven position with fixed entry and angulation, pterygoid implants achieve adequate bone anchorage length beyond the pterygoid maxillary junction. Due to the individual anatomy and the volume of the maxillary sinus, the implants presented a different positional relationship with the maxillary sinus.

Graphical Abstract
Who do you think I am? Immigrant’s first name and their perceived identity
Authors: Amit Karin , Dolberg Pnina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study focuses on immigrants’ perceived identity—that is, the way immigrants think the locals perceive them—and examines the link between the first name (ethnic or local) they use in everyday social encounters and their local identity and belonging perceptions. The study model was tested on data obtained from an online survey filled out by 837 immigrants who arrived in Israel from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) or Ethiopia as children or adolescents (1.5 generation). The main findings indicate that immigrants expressing a higher sense of belonging to the host society and using a local first name report higher levels of perceived local identity. FSU immigrants reported higher levels of perceived local identity compared to Ethiopian immigrants. However, contrary to our expectations, the first name played a more significant role among Ethiopian immigrants. Possible explanations for our findings lie in the different naming practices related to the two immigrant groups and in the different social and economic position they hold in the host society. Implications of the first name immigrants use in social encounters are discussed.
Detection of right ventricular dysfunction by three – dimensional echocardiography and two - dimensional speckle tracking in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline- based chemotherapy
Authors: El-Sherbeny Wafaa S. , Sabry Nesreen M. , El-Saied Shaimaa B. , Elnagar Basma 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the cardiotoxic effect of anthracycline on the left ventricle (LV) was totally identified. The assessment of the anthracycline effect on the right ventricle(RV) by conventional echocardiography was a challenge due to its complex geometry. We aimed to evaluate the impact of anthracycline on the RV volume and function using 3 dimensional –echocardiography (3DE) and 2 dimensional -speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods
This prospective study was conducted on 66 female patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline chemotherapy, in addition to full echocardiography, 2D-STE and 3DE evaluation of RV function and volume were done at baseline, after 4th cycle of chemotherapy, six and nine months after the end of chemotherapy.

Results
Cardiotoxicity from anthracycline occurred in 18 patients whose LV ejection fraction became significantly reduced after 9 months of therapy according to that, the patients were divided into the non-cardiotoxic group (n:48) and the cardiotoxic group (n:18). At cardiotoxic group, 3D RV end-systolic volume, and 3D RV end-diastolic volume increased significantly at 6 months and continued till 9 months after the therapy end compared to baseline values (42.50 ± 5.98 vs. 50.44 ± 7.01, p = 0.005) and (86.78 ± 9.16 vs. 95.78 ± 9.23, p = 0.021).LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) showed a significant reduction early after 6 months of therapy, 2D GLS and free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS) of RV were significantly decreased at 6 months and continued till 9 months after therapy (-22.54 ± 0.79 vs. -19.53 ± 1.32, p = 0.001) and (-24.67 ± 1.27vs. -22.22 ± 1.41, p = 0.001) respectively. The variation of RV FWLS was a predictor of cardiotoxicity, the relative drop of RV FWLS > 19.3% had 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity, (AUC = 0.82) to identify patients who developed cardiotoxicity.

Conclusion
3DE is a promising modality in recognizing the early changes in RV volumes and minute alteration in RV function and 2D-STE is a reliable predictor of RV systolic dysfunction which identify the subclinical affliction.
Delayed-onset contact dermatitis caused by olanexidine gluconate antiseptic solution: effect of wiping off the remaining drug solution in two cases
Authors: Yamamoto Kasumi Boki , Fujii Keisuke , Mizumoto Kazuhiro , Tanioku Tadashi , Kawamata Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Olanexidine glucuronide (Olanedine®), an antiseptic solution may cause skin dermatitis around one week after disinfection. Although removal after the procedure is recommended to avoid skin dermatitis, whether it is effective for preventing skin dermatitis has not been documented in detail in the literature.

Case presentation
We encountered two cases of delayed-onset contact dermatitis by Olanedine®. In both cases, the patient’s back was disinfected with Olanedine® and was covered with a surgical drape for epidural catheterization. After catheterization and removal of the surgical drape, the insertion site of the catheter was covered with a film dressing, then the epidural catheter was taped to the back. On the third postoperative day, the epidural catheter was removed. On the seventh postoperative day, the patients reported pruritus on the back, where an erythematous papule rash was observed. However, it was not observed at the site covered by the tape to secure the epidural catheter or by the tape of the surgical drape. Symptoms were relieved with oral or topical steroids by the time of discharge.

Conclusion
Wiping off the remaining Olanedine® even a few days after disinfection may be helpful not only for reducing symptoms but also for preventing the development of contact dermatitis.
Successful treatment with spinal cord stimulation for pain due to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report
Authors: Tanabe Kumiko , Sugiyama Yoko , Yoshimura Noritaka , Yamaguchi Shinobu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Although most patients of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) experience a reduction in pain within several weeks to months of the initiation of immunotherapies, some suffer from residual neuropathic symptoms for a long time.

Case presentation
A 28-year-old woman diagnosed with EGPA visited. She had been treated with steroid pulse therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, and mepolizumab (antiinterleukin-5 agent). Her symptoms other than peripheral neuropathy improved, but posterior lower thigh pain and weakness of the lower legs worsened. At the initial visit, she used crutches and complained of numb pain in both posterior lower thighs, especially the left one. She also presented with left foot drop and reported a decreased tactile sensation on the lateral sides of both lower thighs. We performed spinal cord stimulation (SCS) at the L1 level on both sides. Her pain remarkably decreased, her tactile sensation improved, her muscle strength increased, and she was able to walk without crutches.

Conclusions
We herein report the first case of lower extremity pain being successfully treated with SCS in an EGPA patient who did not respond well to drug therapy. Because the cause of pain in EGPA is neuropathy induced by vasculitis, there is ample ability for SCS to improve this pain. When pain is neuropathic, whatever the cause, SCS may be worth trying, even for pain from disorders other than EGPA.