bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of the influence of drained peatlands on regional stream water chemistry
Authors: Pschenyckyj Catharine , Donahue Thomas , Kelly-Quinn Mary , O’Driscoll Connie , Renou-Wilson Florence 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently, 50% of Irish rivers do not meet water quality standards, with many declining due to numerous pressures, including peatland degradation. This study examines stream water quality in the Irish midlands, a region where raised bogs have been all historically disturbed to various extent and the majority drained for industrial or domestic peat extraction. For the first time, we provide in-depth analysis of stream water chemistry within a heavily modified bog landscape. Small streams from degraded bogs exhibited greater levels of pollutants, in particular: total dissolved nitrogen (0.48 mg/l) and sulphate (18.49 mg/l) as well as higher electrical conductivity (mean: 334 μS/cm) compared to similar bog streams in near-natural bogs. Except for site-specific nitrogen pollution in certain streams surrounding degraded peatlands, the chemical composition of the receiving streams did not significantly differ between near-natural and degraded sites, reflecting the spatio-temporal scales of disturbance in this complex peat-scape. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in all the receiving streams were high (27.2 mg/l) compared to other Irish streams, even within other peatland catchments. The region is experiencing overall a widespread loss of fluvial nitrogen and carbon calling for (a) the development of management instruments at site-level (water treatment) and landscape-level (rewetting) to assist with meeting water quality standards in the region, and (b) the routine monitoring of water chemistry as part of current and future peatland management activities.
Mathematical modeling, parameter identification, and electrical performance of a DSSC based on nature-inspired optimization techniques
Authors: Atia Doaa M. , Ahmed Ninet M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research is to achieve the highest efficiency for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) before the fabrication process. For DSSC efficiency improvement, six different optimization algorithms are used for the DSSC parameter extraction. The algorithms used are the genetic algorithm, grey wolf algorithm, dragonfly algorithm, moth flame algorithm, ant-lion algorithm, and whale algorithm, developed based on MATLAB coding. The physical parameters for the DSSC are the electron lifetime, electrode thickness, ideality factor, absorption coefficient, and diffusion coefficient. A comparative study is carried out among the six algorithms based on the highest efficiency and computational speed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of environmental conditions (solar irradiance and temperature) and physical parameters is implemented and analyzed to simulate the DSSC performance for different values of these parameters. The DSSC parameters studied are short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency. The optimal electron lifetime is 100 ms, and the optimal thickness of the photoanode layer is 1 μm, reaching maximum efficiency equal to 11.79%.
ProtoSimi: label correction for fine-grained visual categorization
Authors: Shen Jialiang , Yao Yu , Huang Shaoli , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Jing , Wang Ruxing , Yu Jun , Liu Tongliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeep models trained by using clean data have achieved tremendous success in fine-grained image classification. Yet, they generally suffer from significant performance degradation when encountering noisy labels. Existing approaches to handle label noise, though proved to be effective for generic object recognition, usually fail on fine-grained data. The reason is that, on fine-grained data, the category difference is subtle and the training sample size is small. Then deep models could easily overfit the noisy labels. To improve the robustness of deep models on noisy data for fine-grained visual categorization, in this paper, we propose a novel learning framework named ProtoSimi. Our method employs an adaptive label correction strategy, ensuring effective learning on limited data. Specifically, our approach considers the criteria of exploring the effectiveness of both global class-prototype and part class-prototype similarities in identifying and correcting labels of samples. We evaluate our method on three standard benchmarks of fine-grained recognition. Experimental results show that our method outperforms the existing label noisy methods by a large margin. In ablation studies, we also verify that our method is non-sensitive to hyper-parameters selection and can be integrated with other FGVC methods to increase the generalization performance.
Fabrication of electrodes by deposition of lead clusters from the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS) into porous carbon paper for electrocatalysis
Authors: Kazimierska E. , Niu Y. , McCormack J. , Tizaoui C. , Cobley Richard J. , Palmer R. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe scaling up of the intensity of beams of atomic clusters (nanoparticle beams) creates a new route to the fabrication of functional nanostructured materials. A challenge is to present, to the directed beam, high surface areas of the desired support material, for decoration by the clusters at local sub-monolayer densities. Then, the clusters and their properties can be preserved. Here we employ the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS) to demonstrate and characterise the deposition of lead clusters, with size of order 2 nm, into planar sheets of porous carbon paper, a material employed in electrode fabrication. We find that clusters are deposited to a depth comparable with the pore size of the carbon, ~ 50 μm, giving rise to a metal loading of ~ 0.05 mg cm−2 of carbon paper. The functionality of the nanocomposite film so created is demonstrated by its use as an electrode for the electrochemical generation of oxidising species suitable for water purification.
The patients’ experience of neuroimaging of primary brain tumors: a cross-sectional survey study
Authors: Wamelink Ivar J. H. G. , Hempel Hugo L. , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Vries Mark H. M. , De Witt Hamer Philip , Barkhof Frederik , Keil Vera C. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To gain insight into how patients with primary brain tumors experience MRI, follow-up protocols, and gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) use.

Methods
Primary brain tumor patients answered a survey after their MRI exam. Questions were analyzed to determine trends in patients’ experience regarding the scan itself, follow-up frequency, and the use of GBCAs. Subgroup analysis was performed on sex, lesion grade, age, and the number of scans. Subgroup comparison was made using the Pearson chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney U-test for categorical and ordinal questions, respectively.

Results
Of the 100 patients, 93 had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis, and seven were considered to have a slow-growing low-grade tumor after multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up. 61/100 patients were male, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 44 ± 14 years and 46 ± 13 years for the females. Fifty-nine patients had low-grade tumors. Patients consistently underestimated the number of their previous scans. 92% of primary brain tumor patients did not experience the MRI as bothering and 78% would not change the number of follow-up MRIs. 63% of the patients would prefer GBCA-free MRI scans if diagnostically equally accurate. Women found the MRI and receiving intravenous cannulas significantly more uncomfortable than men (p = 0.003). Age, diagnosis, and the number of previous scans had no relevant impact on the patient experience.

Conclusion
Patients with primary brain tumors experienced current neuro-oncological MRI practice as positive. Especially women would, however, prefer GBCA-free imaging if diagnostically equally accurate. Patient knowledge of GBCAs was limited, indicating improvable patient information.
Congestion aware ant colony optimisation algorithm for routing and spectrum assignment in flexi-grid optical burst switching networks
Authors: Oladipo Joshua , du Plessis Mathys C. , Gibbon Tim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an improved distributed ant colony optimisation algorithm for routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) on optical burst switched (OBS), flexible spectrum networks, with the spectrum continuity constraint imposed. The improved algorithm incorporates a distributed method for monitoring the congestion along the links and using this information to determine what route-spectrum combination should be selected to minimise the burst loss probability (BLP). Evaluations were performed on an optical burst switching simulator to determine the effect on BLP when a dynamic route congestion measure is considered as opposed to the use of the static route length measure. The evaluations, considering the effects of optical impairments, were made on different network topologies, with multiple spectrum widths provisioned on the network, and with different loads. The incorporation of congestion measures into the algorithm showed improvements in BLP over previous work in the range of 2–32% depending on the evaluation conditions.
In-Flight Performance of the ICON EUV Spectrograph
Authors: Korpela Eric J. , Sirk Martin M. , Edelstein Jerry , McPhate Jason B. , Tuminello Richard M. , Stephan Andrew W. , England Scott L. , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present in-flight performance measurements of the Ionospheric Connection Explorer EUV spectrometer, ICON EUV, a wide field ($17^{\circ} \times 12^{\circ} $

17
∘

×

12
∘

) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imaging spectrograph designed to observe the lower ionosphere at tangent altitudes between 100 and 500 km. The primary targets of the spectrometer, which has a spectral range of 54–88 nm, are the Oii emission lines at 61.6 nmand 83.4 nm. In flight calibration and performance measurement has shown that the instrument has met all of the science performance requirements. We discuss the observed and expected changes in the instrument performance due to microchannel plate charge depletion, and how these changes were tracked over the first two years of flight. This paper shows raw data products from this instrument. A parallel paper (Stephan et al. in Space Sci. Rev. 218:63, 2022) in this volume discusses the use of these raw products to determine O+ density profiles versus altitude.
Sleep apnea pathophysiology
Authors: Andrisani Giovanni , Andrisani Giorgia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study is to examine the pathophysiology underlying sleep apnea (SA).

Background
We consider several critical features of SA including the roles played by the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) that controls vegetative functions and electroencephalographic findings associated with both SA and normal sleep. We evaluate this knowledge together with our current understanding of the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) and mechanisms that contribute directly to normal and disordered sleep. MTN neurons express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors which activate them (make chlorine come out of the cells) and that can be activated by GABA released from the hypothalamic preoptic area.

Method
We reviewed the published literature focused on sleep apnea (SA) reported in Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases.

Results
The MTN neurons respond to the hypothalamic GABA release by releasing glutamate that activates neurons in the ARAS. Based on these findings, we conclude that a dysfunctional MTN may be incapable of activating neurons in the ARAS, notably those in the parabrachial nucleus, and that this will ultimately lead to SA. Despite its name, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not caused by an airway obstruction that prevents breathing.

Conclusions
While obstruction may contribute to the overall pathology, the primary factor involved in this scenario is the lack of neurotransmitters.
A spatial econometric analysis of the environment Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jeetoo Jamiil , Chinyanga Earnest Rungano 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to test the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) and pollution haven (PH) hypotheses in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An important methodological point that has been over-looked by many studies is that environmental quality is not only correlated in time but also in space. For this purpose, the study applies spatial panel econometric analysis using a balanced panel of 35 SSA nations from 2002 to 2015 to examine the EKC and PH hypotheses. Both spatial interdependence and individual heterogeneity are accounted for through the application of the spatial Durbin model (SDM) so as to avoid potential bias and inefficiencies in parameter estimates. As proxies for environmental quality, panel data aggregates on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the depletion of natural resources are utilised. The findings offer proof for the EKC theory about the depletion of natural resources in SSA. The EKC theory, however, does not apply to CO2 emissions. Moreover, the study finds that the positive scale effect of trade outweighs the negative technique effect of trade, which indicates that trade liberalisation has a negative effect on both environmental quality indices. This discovery supports the PH theory. The study also demonstrates positive spatial spill-over for natural resource depletion between neighbouring countries and negative spatial spill-over for carbon dioxide emission between close countries.
Tool management optimisation through traceability and tool wear prediction in the aviation industry
Authors: Schreiber Markus , Weisbrod Nik , Ziegenbein Amina , Metternich Joachim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aviation industry is characterised by high manufacturing requirements of products with difficult-to-machine materials to ensure quality and safety. Standardised and secured processes and transparency in resource and material flows within production are important requirements for meeting these safety and quality standards while staying competitive on the market. Those requirements also apply to a companies’ tool management and are to be met with an optimised tool change strategy considering economic aspects at the same time. The article presents a use case of a company belonging to the aviation industry striving to achieve goals concerning costs, quality, and time in their tool management. To realise potential improvements a retrofitting traceability solution is illustrated enabling data-based maintenance strategies in the use case. The traceability solution aims to provide transparency about tool inventory, the location of tools on the shop floor and functions as data acquisition system to realise the individual tracking of used tools. Using the individual tracking data of tools and matching them with relevant machining data enables the application of data-based maintenance strategies pointing out possibilities to indicate the tools’ wear state. This approach offers benefits such as reducing the scrap rate or machining down times with a direct impact on quality, costs, or lead times of customer orders.
Language as a resource for teachers describing mathematics classroom teaching and learning: a comparative approach
Authors: Artigue Michèle , Knipping Christine , Novotná Jarmila , Specht Birte 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDescribing mathematics classroom teaching and learning is part of a professional expertise. Comparing ‘our distinct stories’ and ‘our professional languages’ about teaching and learning in mathematics classes around the world, reveals cultural and linguistic underpinnings of our ‘stories’ and ‘languages’. Analysing and understanding these ‘stories’ and ‘languages’ in the form of narratives of classroom lessons, is a methodological approach that allows us to study and compare language as a resource across different cultural and linguistic contexts. We based our approach on results of the Lexicon Project, which set out to document the terms and the professional vocabulary that teachers use for describing the phenomena of middle school mathematics classrooms around the world, but enlarged this approach by narratives and a narrative methodology. Our cultural comparative approach based on these narratives revealed not only technical terms that define and make explicit didactical intentions, techniques and approaches, but also offered narrative descriptions of the enactment of the didactic intentions and techniques in situ. This approach provides a deeper understanding of the potential of language and turned out to be valuable for understanding how language orients teachers’ visions and analyses of mathematics classrooms.
Exercise to Prevent and Manage Frailty and Fragility Fractures
Authors: Dent Elsa , Daly Robin M. , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Scott David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review identifies exercise-based recommendations to prevent and manage frailty and fragility fractures from current clinical practice guidelines. We also critically assess recently published literature in relation to exercise interventions to mitigate frailty and fragility fractures.

Recent Findings
Most guidelines presented similar recommendations that included the prescription of individually tailored, multicomponent exercise programs, discouragement of prolonged sitting and inactivity, and combining exercise with optimal nutrition. To target frailty, guidelines recommend supervised progressive resistance training (PRT). For osteoporosis and fragility fractures, exercise should include weight-bearing impact activities and PRT to target bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and spine, and also incorporate balance and mobility training, posture exercises, and functional exercise relevant to activities of daily living to reduce falls risk. Walking as a singular intervention has limited benefits for frailty and fragility fracture prevention and management.

Summary
Current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for frailty, osteoporosis, and fracture prevention recommend a multifaceted and targeted approach to optimise muscle mass, strength, power, and functional mobility as well as BMD.
Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide: Principles, Catalyst Design and Performance
Authors: Guo Yan , Tong Xili , Yang Nianjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a high-demand organic chemical reagent and has been widely used in various modern industrial applications. Currently, the prominent method for the preparation of H2O2 is the anthraquinone oxidation. Unfortunately, it is not conducive to economic and sustainable development since it is a complex process and involves unfriendly environment and potential hazards. In this context, numerous approaches have been developed to synthesize H2O2. Among them, photo/electro-catalytic ones are considered as two of the most promising manners for on-site synthesis of H2O2. These alternatives are sustainable in that only water or O2 is required. Namely, water oxidation (WOR) or oxygen reduction (ORR) reactions can be further coupled with clean and sustainable energy. For photo/electro-catalytic reactions for H2O2 generation, the design of the catalysts is extremely important and has been extensively conducted with an aim to obtain ultimate catalytic performance. This article overviews the basic principles of WOR and ORR, followed by the summary of recent progresses and achievements on the design and performance of various photo/electro-catalysts for H2O2 generation. The related mechanisms for these approaches are highlighted from theoretical and experimental aspects. Scientific challenges and opportunities of engineering photo/electro-catalysts for H2O2 generation are also outlined and discussed.
On some products of finite groups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Madanha S.Y. , Pedraza-Aguilera M.C. , Wu X. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA classical result of Baer states that a finite group G which is the product of two normal supersoluble subgroups is supersoluble if and only if Gʹ is nilpotent. In this article, we show that if G = AB is the product of supersoluble (respectively, w-supersoluble) subgroups A and B, A is normal in G and B permutes with every maximal subgroup of each Sylow subgroup of A, then G is supersoluble (respectively, w-supersoluble), provided that Gʹ is nilpotent. We also investigate products of subgroups defined above when $ A\cap B=1 $ and obtain more general results.
Impact of bridging social capital on the tragedy of the commons: experimental evidence
Authors: Safarzynska Karolina , Sylwestrzak Marta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSharing resources between members of different tribes and collectives is common and well-documented. Surprisingly, little is known about factors that are conducive to building social relationships between groups. We design a common-pool resource experiment, where after harvesting, groups can send some of their harvest to augment the resource of the outgroup. We compare donations made by individuals collectively and independently of other group members, under the conditions of equal and unequal resources. We find that individuals acting as decision-makers, but not groups, donate harvests frequently even though it is payoff-reducing. We conduct an additional treatment, where each donation is matched (doubled) by an equivalent transfer of resources, making sharing between groups payoff-improving. Under matching donations, sharing between groups flourishes, but fails to prevent resource decline in most groups. Finally, our experiment reveals that members of low-endowment groups overharvest resources in expectation of donations from affluent groups, which leads to the tragedy of the commons.
Connecting Hemispheric Asymmetries of Planetary Albedo and Surface Temperature
Authors: Rugenstein Maria , Hakuba Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSatellite measurements show that the Northern and Southern hemispheres reflect equal amounts of shortwave radiation (“albedo symmetry”), but no theory exists on if, how, and why the symmetry is established and maintained. Ambiguously, climate models are strongly biased in albedo symmetry but agree in the sign of the response to CO2. We find that mean‐state biases in albedo symmetry and hemispheric surface temperature asymmetry correlate negatively. Similarly, the response of albedo asymmetry to CO2 forcing correlates negatively with the magnitude of the asymmetry in surface warming. This is true across many and within single climate model simulations: a too warm or stronger warming hemisphere is darker or darkens more than its counterpart. In the 21 years of observations we find the same tendency and hypothesize (a) albedo symmetry is a function of the current climate state and (b) we will observe an evolution toward albedo asymmetry in coming decades.
A Struggled Rupture Initiation of the Mw 6.1 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake
Authors: Cabrera Leoncio , Poli Piero 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding under which physical conditions large earthquakes begin, is a key question in Earth science. Laboratory experiments and numerical models have shown that earthquake nucleation has distinct phases: a quasi‐static and an acceleration stage, followed by dynamic propagation. However, obtaining observations of such or similar processes in nature is complex. Here, we report on the rupture initiation of the Mw 6.1 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. From the detailed analysis of seismic waves recorded at several stations, we identify an ∼0.6‐s signal preceding the large dynamic rupture. From the geometrical characterization and rupture parameters of this initial phase, we infer that the rupture struggled to initiate exhibiting a slow rupture velocity ( km/s) and low seismic efficiency () due to a complex environment in the region where the rupture starts. We also show that the parameters of the rupture initiation are representative of scale‐dependent quantities for slip‐dependent nucleation models.