bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Sodium and Potassium Concentration Imbalance in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Authors: Syed Farhan Ahmed  , Imran Idrees Memon  , Muhammad Rashid  , Muhammad Asim  , Waqas Ahmed  , Aziz Abdullah  
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of the present study was to calculate the mean differences in serum sodium and potassium concentration levels in patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia undergoing TURP pre and post-operation.
Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted at the Department of Urology, Liaquat National Medical College and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Purposive, convenience sampling technique was used. A total of 75 male patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate were included in the study. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.
Results: Out of a total of seventy-five patients, the mean age was 59.59 ± 7.02 years. After surgery, 1.3% (1) patient had hyponatremia (<135 mmol/L), 97.3% (73) patients had normal sodium level (135-145 mmol/L) and 1.3% (1) patient had hypernatremia (>145 mmol/L). In contrast, only 1 (1.3%) patient had hypokalaemia, 66.7% (50) patients had normal potassium levels and 32% (24) patients had hyperkalaemia (p-value 0.001).
Conclusion: We reported a significant increase in serum levels of potassium in post-surgery evaluation. Therefore, the monitoring of serum electrolyte concentration following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is highly recommended.
The investigative methodology to confirm Alcohol consumption in all suspects at a tertiary care Hospital at Karachi
Authors: Ahmed Khan Dr. Iqbal , Talpur Dr. Mir Ghulam Ali , Qadri Dr. Naved Ali , Alam Dr. Syed Perwez , Ram Dr. Hari , Ahmed Hajrah Hilal , Jamaluddin M. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Various health problems occur due to alcohol consumption and particularly heavy drinking which contributes to a major burden of diseases globally.

Objective: To identify the investigative methodology carried out by medicolegal officer for the subjects’ evaluation who are brought by the Police in order to confirm the suspected consumption of alcohol.
Methods: In this observational cross sectional study, data related to the subjects who were evaluated for suspected intake of alcohol was analyzed. Statement of Police related to the reason for suspecting the alcohol consumption, subject’s statement who were accused, findings from the examination conducted by the medicolegal officer (MLO), particulars regarding the body fluids chemical evaluation, and conclusive final report of MLO was retrieved.
Study design: Observational Cross sectional study
Results: - In our study total 53 patients were included. All were male, with the mean age of 33.94+10.018 years. The most common age group involved was of 22 to 40 years. Most of the patients belonged to Karachi and Hyderabad and were 54.7% and 22.6% respectively. On chemical analysis, all of the patients were found to have alcohol in blood, while 10 (19%) were found to have alcohol in urine.
Conclusion: Significant correlation was found between the doubt of police regarding alcohol consumption of subjects and opinion of MLO which was based on clinical and laboratory findings. In usual cases, medicolegal officers do not operate under the standard operating procedures.
Emergence of COVID-19 Infection and Healthcare Workers in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Naveed Shabnam , Shobha Luxmi  , Syed Masroor Ahmed  , Zeeshan Ali  , Syed Adnan Ali  
Published: February 2023

Background: The Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of care-giving and hence understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and practices among HCWs is necessary to identify potential risk factors of COVID-19 dissemination. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Karachi Pakistan. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire which enrolled all the HCWs (doctors, nurses, pharmacists and technicians) in hospitals of Karachi from March to May 2020.Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for KAP of HCWs regarding COVID-19. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The total of 547 participants included in study. HCWs gross category and clinical setting were found to be statistically associated with overall KAP (P<0.001 and P=0.048, respectively). Upon logistic regression analysis, KAP scores statistically differed across genders (? coefficient=2.115, SE =0.179 and P<0.001), age groups (? coefficient=2.098, SE =0.138 and P<0.001) and HCWs gross category (? coefficient=2.053, SE =0.135 and P<0.001). The nurses and technicians were found less likely for good KAP with reference to COVID-19 as compared to doctors and pharmacists. These results were found to be statistically significant with P-value less than 0.05; the odds for nurses and technicians were 0.35 and 0.10, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that HCWs had good knowledge, optimistic attitude and decent practice towards recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, their source of information regarding COVID-19 is not reliable and can adversely influence the KAP.
Keywords: KAP; COVID-19; Outbreak; Pandemic; Healthcare Workers
Evaluation Of Heat Shock Protein-27 Levels as A Predictor of Diabetic Nephropathy in Early Diabetics
Authors: Muhammad Irfan  , Shabir Ahmed  , Adil Ramzan  , Nosheen Wasee  , Nuvair Zia  , Nargis Anjum  
Published: February 2023

Objective: The current study objective is to find out the levels of heat shock protein-27 in diabetes patients with and without diabetic nephropathy, and to appraise the functional role of HSP-27 as an early diagnostic biomarker in progressive diabetic nephropathy.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted in physiology department, Basic Medical Science Institute (BMSI), Jinnah Post-Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi from March 2019 to September 2020.
Methodology: A total 105 participants between 30-50 years of age were separated into three groups: Group A (n=35) diabetic-patients with history of diabetes < 5 years without any sign of DN; Group B (n=35) diabetic patients with history of diabetes >5 years duration of diabetes and microalbumin levels < 30 mg/dl in urine and Group C (n=35) healthy individuals. All this study participants were gone through detailed history, anthropometric measurement, BMI, serum blood sugar, serum urea, serum creatinine, BUN, urinary albumin, and serum HSP-27 were estimated.
Results: Elevated levels of HSP-27 were seen in group-A patients as compared to group-C (p<0.001). Elevated levels of HSP-27 were presented in group-B as compared with group-C (p<0.001) which signify early renal parenchyma injury. Strong association had been seen for HSP-27 with creatinine (r=0.69; p < 0.001), and HbA1c (r =0.72; p <0.001) and urea (r = 0.72; p <0.001) in all these participants. While statistical highly significant and strong positive association were reported for HSP-27 with microalbumin (r = 0.86; p< 0.001) in all participants.
Conclusion: Elevated levels of HSP-27 with progression of renal injury with or without declining of renal function is seen in current study. These findings perhaps suggest and recognizing HSP-27 as key diagnostic marker for diabetic nephropathy in early diabetics.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, HSP-27.
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Benign Renal Diseases- A Tertiary Hospital Experience
Authors: Yaqoob Muhammad Mansoor , Arif Ali  , Suhail Dilawar  , Shahzad Ali  , Saeed Ahmed Khan  , Shahid Hussain  
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to share experience of performing simple laparoscopic nephrectomy in benign cases.
Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place &
Duration of
Study: Department of Urology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, between Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 with minimal one and half year follow-up.

Methodology: Our inclusion criteria were benign symptomatic nonfunctioning kidneys requiring nephrectomy. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed under general anesthesia with oblique position with three or four port technique was used. The demographic data, operative and post- operative details were carefully noticed and recorded in SPSS software version 20.

Results: Total 40 patients were included in the study. Twenty four were females and 16 were males. Age ranges from 20 to 62 years with mean age of 44.64 + 11.04 years. Left sided were 24 patients (60%) while the right sided in 16(40%). Flank pain was the most common presenting complaint seen in 92.50% patients. Renal stone disease representing the most common indication for nephrectomy (40%) followed by ureteric stone (22.5%), chronic pyelonephritis (17.5%) and PUJO (15%). Our mean operative time was 200.29+47.98. Six patients (15%) were converted to open surgery because of intraoperative complications in 10% of patients including hilar vascular injury and gut injury and failure to progression in two (5%). Among the post- operative complications, early included low grade fever (10%) and wound infection (7.5%) while late included port site hernia (5%) and abscess at renal bed (2.5%). Chronic pyelonephritis was the most common histopathological report representing 45% of total cases. Our success rate was 85%.

Conclusion: The role of laparoscopic nephrectomy in benign non-functioning kidneys is a better alternate to open nephrectomy in terms of pain, post-operative recovery and cosmetic results. The operative time and conversion rate can minimize after passing through adequate learning time and experience
Learning Styles and Preferred Teaching Methodologies of Medical Students In Relation To Year of Study
Authors: Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie  , Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi  , Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry  
Published: February 2023

Objective: To assess learning styles and preferred teaching methodologies of medical students in relation to year of study.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 523 medical students of Baqai Medical College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, from May 2019 to October 2019. All male and female students from first to final year, who attended the undergraduate MBBS program in the medical college, were included in the study. The study questionnaire was administered to all enrolled undergraduate medical students, from first to fifth year, on the campus out of which 523 forms were collected. The study instrument was a questionnaire containing students’ demographic details, David Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory 4.0 and their preferred teaching methodologies scored using a 5 point Likert scale. The association of various learning styles and preferred teaching methodologies with year of study was assessed by using Pearson chi-square test.
Results: Out of 523 students who returned the form 518 had completed the questionnaire. A majority of the students had imagining or experiencing learning style. No change in learning style was observed between years of study. The top three teaching methodologies with highest mean scores were small group discussion (3.58±1.12), problem based learning (3.56±1.11) and demonstration on models (3.54±1.20). A significant association between some preferred teaching methodologies and year of study was found such as interactive lecture (p=0.011), problem based learning (p=0.026), small group discussion (p=0.024), and one way lecture (p=0.028) while a highly significant association was noted in case of student presentation (p=0.001).
Conclusion: The present study showed that different years of study at medical schools did not significantly affect students’ learning styles, although the students did change their preferences to some teaching methodologies. Longitudinal studies are necessary to reveal whether there is an effect of learning styles over time in medical education.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Methylphenidate Induced Decreased Spermatogenesis in Albino Rats
Authors: Iqbal Sadia , Hameed Uzma , Kamran Muhammad , Faisal Lubna , Moeen Sara , Huda Nasarul 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative potential of ascorbic acid on methylphenidate induced decreased spermatogenesis and decreased testosterone levels in male Albino rats.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on twelve-week-old Albino male rats selected through randomized sampling technique divided into three groups. Only healthy male rats of the same age and weighing between 180 to 200 gms were included, and any rat was appearing sick or had less weight than 180gms and aged less than 12 weeks were excluded. Control group A received 2 ml of normal saline for 50 days. Group B was given 2mg/day methylphenidate per oral for 50 days, and Group C received 2mg /day methylphenidate for 50 days, then ascorbic acid 50mg/day for 10 days. After 60 days, rats were dissected, testes were removed and histologically examined for spermatogenesis by Johnson's scoring, and blood samples were collected to evaluate testosterone levels.
Results: On histological examination, the testes of animals of Group B showed a statistically significant decrease in Johnson's score (p-value < 0.001) with disruption of germinal epithelium and absence of mature sperms. These findings were associated with reduced levels of serum testosterone in this group. Administration of Ascorbic acid (AA) to group C showed statistically improved Johnson score and testosterone levels compared to group B.
Conclusion: It has been concluded that administering Ascorbic Acid can improve decreased spermatogenesis and serum testosterone levels induced by methylphenidater
Age Related Homocysteine Serum Levels Elevate in Men with Epilepsy
Authors: Hussain Zahir , Ahmed Shabbir , Serafi Abdulhalim S. , Abdulfattah Attia Samir Mohammed , Sohail Sumera , Zia Nuvair 
Published: February 2023

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlation of age with serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels in male nonobese epilepsy (Ep) patients and nonobese male control (C) subjects.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in non-obese male epilepsy patients (Ep; n: 44; age: 26-40 years) having predominant grand mal (generalized tonic-clonic) seizures, and in control subjects (C; n: 42; age: 26-40 years). The Ep and C subjects were further subdivided into age-based subgroups: 26-30, 31-35, 36-40 years. Determination of serum Hcy was carried out by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS software version 24 was used for the purpose of data entry/ statistical analysis.
Results: The mean± SD values for serum Hcy (?mol/L) in male Ep (n:44) and male C subjects (n:42) were 12.34±3.34 and 9.16±3.38 respectively, that showed highly significant increase in the level of Hcy (p< 0.001) in Ep compared to C subjects. Serum Hcy levels showed significant increased serum levels of Hcy, and positive linear correlation in all age groups (26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 26-40) in Ep subjects compared to control subjects. However, significantly elevated serum Hcy and lesser association (though significant) of Hcy with age in Ep group as compared to C subjects was found in the present report.
Conclusion: Present study provides evidence of the significant impact of age on serum homocysteine levels in nonobese epilepsy patients. However, it is essentially required to carry out well controlled studies comprising wider age range data, and large number of samples in each age subgroup to have better idea about the potential impact of Hcy in epilepsy, and to investigate the comparative effects of AEDs and dosages of AEDs on serum levels of Hcy and vice versa.
Results of Medicolegal Autopsies Conducted At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Sukkur, Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Ahmed Khan Iqbal , Waheed Abdul , Ram Hari , Nezam Shahid , Alam Perwez 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To describe the results of medicolegal autopsies conducted at mortuary of Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur, Pakistan during a specific period.
Methods: Present study is a retrospective descriptive analysis of medicolegal autopsies conducted in the mortuary from a period of January 2018 to December 2020 after acquiring ethical approval from the hospital. A total of 297 medicolegal autopsies were performed during this specific period. Their significant findings such as gender, age, caste, area of residence, cause & manner of death were collected from Post-mortem registers/records, Inquest papers and Post- mortem reports and entered on SPSS version 22 for analysis. Frequency and percentages were calculated for all categorical variables.
Results: It was observed that out of 297 medicolegal deaths, maximum number of autopsies conducted were in third decade of life (n=133 cases, 44.78%) followed by 66 (22.22%) in 2nd decade of life. Male cases predominated over female cases, which were (n=193, 65%). Majority of the cases were resident of local areas of Sukkur. Mughals were in majority with 79 cases (26.59%) followed by Sheikhs with 62 cases (20.87%), Baloch 44 (14.81%). Maximum number of deaths were due to road traffic accidents (n=103, 34.68%) followed by firearm injuries (n=73, 24.57 %) and asphyxial deaths (n=11, 3.70%). Accidental was the most common manner of death (n=192, 64.64%) followed by homicidal (n=40, 13.46%).
Conclusion: It is observed that majority of cases were in 3rd decade of life and preponderance of male sex is seen over female sex , could be due to more exposure of males to outer world. Most common cause of death found was road traffic accidents probably due to increased frequency of transportation and decreased regulation of traffic control.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Kharif Crops by Productivity Indices in Chhattisgarh State, India
Authors: Chaudhary J. L. , Thakur Gunja , Megha Dalai Mridu , Murari Krishna , Unjan Deepika 
Published: February 2023

The present study is aimed to evaluate all the districts of Chhattisgarh based on their relative yield and productivity. The regions were differentiated at the district level according to their crop production efficiency. There was total 5 major kharif crops selected for the evaluation of efficiency zoning viz., rice, red gram, maize, groundnut and soybean. Area and production data collected from the Directorate of Agriculture for a period of twenty years (2000-01 to 2019-20) period. From the result it can be suggested that no crop was recorded under the criteria of efficient and highly stable productivity. But for crops like red gram, Bastar region recorded a zonation of potentially efficient crops with high unstable productivity whereas districts like Baloda bazar, Dhamtari, Gariaband, Mahasamund and Raipur fell in inefficient zone with low productivity. Another crop like rice result showed that only two districts namely Jashpur and Kabirdham touched the criteria of inefficient and low productivity and districts like Balod, Bijapur, Dhamatari, Kanker, Mungeli, Sukma and Janjgir-Champa fall under potentially efficient districts with high unstable productivity. For maize it has been observed that districts like Balrampur, Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Dhamtari, Janjgir Champa, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, Sukma come under the criteria of potentially efficient zone with high unstable productivity Same result was also obtained for groundnut, very few districts like Rajnandgaon, Kondagaon, Kabirdham recorded with potentially efficient with high unstable productivity. In the case of Soybean the result obtained is that districts like Baloda Bazar, Balrampur, Bastar, Bijapur, Dantewada, Gariyaband, Janjgir-Champa, Kanker, Kondagaon, Mungeli, Narayanpur, Raipur, Sukma come under potentially efficient zone with high unstable productivity. From the above analysis it can be concluded that the districts with potentially efficient and high unstable productivity can be recommended with the continuous streamlining of technologies and promotion for that crop. The area recorded with low productivity and inefficiency should be identified with their proper reasoning behind it.
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer Doses on Agro Morphological Parameters of Wheat Varieties in Vertisol Region in India
Authors: Kumar Sharma Pramod , Elanchezhian R. , Biswas A. K. , Gurjar Rekha , Meena Siyaram , Saini Ravindar , Dabaria Amarnath 
Published: February 2023

Wheat is the most important food grain, with more than a third of the world's population eating it as a staple diet for the optimum use of different nutrients. A field experiment was carried out at ICAR-IISS Bhopal to identify different wheat varieties that provide the highest yield under nutrient stress conditions. In this experiment, we studied the different morphological parameters in nine wheat varieties, i.e., plant height, plant dry weight, biological yield, and grain yield. With three replications, the experiment was set up in a split-plot design. There were 36 treatments in total, including three nitrogen levels and three P levels with nine genotypes, in each replication. In each replication, all of the treatments were split separately. T1 was the control treatment, and T2 was the optimum dose treatment. T3 was 50% nitrogen with a full phosphorus dose, and T4 was 50% phosphorus with 100% nitrogen doses. In sub-optimal doses of N and P (T3 and T4), T3 produced a higher biomass yield than T4, averaging all the selected nine varieties of wheat, whereas T4 had a higher grain yield than T3. The study's current findings, which showed that higher nitrogen fertilizer doses enhanced leaf area, plant dry weight, maximum biomass, and grain production, were consistent with this. Because nitrogen affects photosynthesis, the amount of photo assimilates the plant produces, the partitioning of dry matter, and organ development, it may have an impact on seed output along with phosphorus.
PROCESO DE TRABAJO, LEGISLACIÓN LABORAL Y EMPLEO FEMENINO EN EL TELETRABAJO
Authors: Kabat Marina 
Published: February 2023

Abordamos la emergencia del teletrabajo mediante una perspectiva histórica examinando las tendencias contradictorias a concentrar y dislocar el trabajo bajo el capitalismo. Con este enfoque estudiamos las similitudes y diferencias del teletrabajo respecto a las formas tradicionales de trabajo a domicilio. Para ello, analizamos el proceso de trabajo y la naturaleza de las actividades que se desarrollan bajo esta modalidad desde un abordaje teórico marxista. Esta perspectiva histórica contribuye a conformar una mirada de largo plazo de las transformaciones estudiadas y cuestionar algunos de los preconceptos más arraigados sobre el trabajo femenino, relativos a las supuestas preferencias de las mujeres a desempeñar actividades laborales en el ámbito doméstico. A su vez, nos permite ponderar la utilidad de incorporar dispositivos legales creados para regular el trabajo a domicilio a la legislación del teletrabajo, lo que a nuestro juicio contribuiría a evitar la flexibilidad laboral en este ámbito.