bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land‐use patterns on heirs' property in the American South
Authors: Winters‐Michaud Clayton , Burnett Wesley , Callahan Scott , Keller Andrew , Williams Michael , Harakat Sumayyah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeirs' property is a much‐criticized form of land ownership that disproportionately affects African Americans. This paper outlines a novel methodology for identifying heirs' property and classifying land‐use thereon. We summarize our results for the US South and present a comparison of land‐use patterns on heirs' property to the broader population, providing evidence both for and against commonly held beliefs about land use on heirs' property. For example, we find that the percentage of heirs' property classified as other (non‐agricultural) rural land is five times higher than the general population of non‐federal property, while the percentage of land classified as cropland is relatively equal between the two groups.
A global meta‐analysis of cover crop response on soil carbon storage within a corn production system
Authors: Joshi Deepak R. , Sieverding Heidi L. , Xu Hui , Kwon Hoyoung , Wang Michael , Clay Sharon A , Johnson Jane M. , Thapa Resham , Westhoff Shaina , Clay David E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy influencing soil organic carbon (SOC), cover crops play a key role in shaping soil health and hence the system's long‐term sustainability. However, the magnitude by which cover crops impacts SOC depends on multiple factors, including soil type, climate, crop rotation, tillage type, cover crop growth, and years under management. To elucidate how these multiple factors influence the relative impact of cover crops on SOC, we conducted a meta‐analysis on the impacts of cover crops within rotations that included corn (Zea mays L.) on SOC accumulation. Information on climatic conditions, soil characteristics, management, and cover crop performance was extracted, resulting in 198 paired comparisons from 61 peer‐reviewed studies. Over the course of each study, cover crops on average increased SOC by 7.3% (95% CI, 4.9%–9.6%). Furthermore, the impact of cover crop–induced increases in percent change SOC was evaluated across soil textures, cover crop types, crop rotations, biomass amounts, cover crop durations, tillage practices, and climatic zones. Our results suggest that current cover crop–based corn production systems are sequestering 5.5 million Mg of SOC per year in the United States and have the potential to sequester 175 million Mg SOC per year globally. These findings can be used to improve carbon footprint calculations and develop science‐based policy recommendations. Taken altogether, cover cropping is a promising strategy to sequester atmospheric C and hence make corn production systems more resilient to changing climates.
Molybdenum oxides catalyzed the N,N‐dimethylamination of alcohols with N,N‐dimethylformamide for direct synthesis of tertiary amines
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Liu Jiteng , Zhang Lei , Wang Siming , Jia Xueqin , Fu Wenqian , Tang Tiandi 
Published: March 2023

Molybdenum oxides (MoO3 − x, x = 1, 2, and 3) with three types of morphologies were prepared and applied to the reaction of benzyl alcohol with dimethylformamide (DMF) for synthesis of tertiary amines. The MoO3 − 1 catalyst prepared by direct calcination exhibited high activity and tertiary amines selectivity in the N,N‐dimethylamination of benzyl alcohol under the reaction conditions at 150°C for 12 h using DMF as a methylating agent and solvent, as compared to MoO3 − 2 and MoO3 − 3 catalysts. This feature was ascribed to the high proportion of surface chemisorbed oxygen for MoO3 − 1 sample, which can promote the adsorbed benzyl alcohol transformation into benzaldehyde. The MoO3 − 1 catalyst was also found to be reusable in five consecutive runs without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. In addition, control experiments showed two parallel reaction routes in this catalytic system. One route is the reaction of benzaldehyde intermediate and DMF to form tertiary amines (Route I); the other route is that benzyl formate intermediate reacted with DMF (Route II), which has not been reported before and specifically involves the esterification of benzyl alcohol with formic acid from DMF decomposition to form benzyl formate.
Cd(II) complexes derived from thiazoline, hydrazide and carbodithioate ligands: synthesis, crystal structures and electrochemical sensing of uric acid
Authors: Jaiswal Shubham , Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Prajapati Jyoti , Chandra Suryansh , Gond Mannu Kumar , Bharty Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Ida , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: March 2023

Three novel Cd(II) metal complexes 1–3 have been synthesized with different derivatives of thiazoline, hydrazide and carbodithioate. These metal complexes are abbreviated as [Cd (tht)2]n, [Cd (Hpph)2]n and [Cd (mpps)2]n along with their respective ligands Htht, H2pph and mpps. The developed metal complexes are characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data and other spectroscopic techniques (Infrared [IR], nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], ultraviolet–visible [UV–vis] and fluorescence). The polymeric nature of these cadmium complexes have been ascertained by single XRD data. Several significant interactions were also revealed, which aid in the stabilization of these complexes' supramolecular architecture. Comparing complex 2 with complexes 1 and 3, the absorption spectra of complex 2 exhibits a greater λmax. On comparing the fluorescence study of these complexes, complex 2 has a higher fluorescence than complexes 1 and 3. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach was employed to detect the electrochemical behaviour of these complexes, as well as the sensing of uric acid (UA) by these complexes via modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs). According to the conclusions received by CV study, the modified electrode containing complex 3 has admirable UA electro catalytic activity. This UA electrochemical sensing device offers a low detection limit (0.3 μM), fine linear ranges (30–1500 μM), reasonable sensitivity, and a fast reaction time.
Biosafety Photooxidation Strategy of Levofloxacin Driven by Manganese‐Doped Indium Zinc Sulfide
Authors: Wen Li , Liu Peng , Zhou Zhaoyi , Wang Ke , Zhou Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOveruse of antibiotics has led to ecological hazards such as the emergence of resistance genes and super bacteria, necessitating the development of water pollution control technology. Indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) is a promising material for environmental applications due to its narrow band gap and excellent light absorption ability. This study investigates Mn‐doped ZIS photocatalysts to enhance their photocatalytic oxidation efficiency. Structural morphology, electrochemical testing, and active species testing confirm that Mn‐doping optimizes the energy band structure of ZIS and increases the concentration of active free radicals, improving the efficiency of charge separation. Mn‐doping also causes lattice distortion, leading to trapping centers to enhance charge separation efficiency. The optimal ZIS‐4% oxidation degradation rate of levofloxacin was 2.5 times higher than that of pristine ZIS, with degradation rates reaching almost 100% in 30 minutes. This study provides a novel approach to designing Mn‐doped photocatalysts for antibiotic pollution control.
Evaluation of a person‐centred psychotherapy programme for children with developmental disabilities and parents in disadvantaged families
Authors: Fung Suk Chun , Chan Randolph Chun Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe needs of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) in disadvantaged families are frequently unmet by service providers. This service gap likely diminishes the therapeutic gains of children's treatment. Catering to the psychological needs of both children and parents is important. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a person‐centred psychotherapy programme for children with DD and parents in disadvantaged families in reducing parenting stress and promoting positive children's behaviours.MethodFifteen parent–child dyads participated in a person‐centred psychotherapy programme consisting of eight 1‐hr child‐centred play therapy (CCPT) sessions and four 1‐hr person‐centred therapy (PCT) sessions. The parents completed a quantitative questionnaire before and after the programme.ResultsThe results indicated a significant reduction in children's conduct problems, with a large effect size, and in the levels of parental distress, parent–child dysfunctional interaction and difficulty in controlling their child's behaviours, with large effect sizes after the interventions.ConclusionsThis study provides positive evidence for the effectiveness of the person‐centred intervention programme. The results imply that individual humanistic therapy sessions are essential and effective to cater to parents' needs. Service providers can provide PCT to parents when delivering child services.
Myocarditis and myasthenia gravis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor in a patient with relapsed thymoma: A case report
Authors: Zhong Peng , Zhang Cuizhen , Guan Hongshan , Yan Jie , He Mengying , Zhou Xiaoyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)‐targeting CTLA4 and PD1 constitute a promising class of cancer treatment but are associated with several immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). A 55‐year‐old male patient with relapse thymoma was subjected to ICI therapy (PD‐1 antibody), 2 weeks later, the patient started to manifest including droopy eyelids, weak neck, arms, and legs, and shortness of breath. Then the patient was admitted to the hospital because of the MG symptoms. Arterial blood gases (ABGs) revealed the presence of hypercapnia. Noninvasive ventilation was utilized for respiratory support. At admission, increased serum troponin levels, coupled with interventricular conduction abnormalities were observed. On the second day after admission, the patient developed transient loss of consciousness and twitching of the muscles, and electrocardiography monitoring showed intermittent third‐degree atrioventricular block and ventricular pause necessitating temporary cardiac pacing. After excluding the possibility of acute coronary syndrome, intravenous steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, pyridostigmine, and mycophenolate mofetil were sequentially initiated. 2 weeks later after treatment initiation, cardiac biomarkers and conduction abnormalities were recovered. 7 weeks later, MG symptoms were markedly improved. ICI‐related MG and myocarditis can be life‐threatening without appropriate management and clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for these irAEs in cancer patients receiving ICIs therapy. Steroids remain the cornerstone in the current management of irAEs due to the fast onset of action and high efficacy. However, in severe and refractory cases where no improvement is achieved despite high‐dose steroids, alternative immunosuppressants should be considered.
Metastatic prostate cancer presenting as a posterior mediastinal mass: A rare presentation
Authors: Haider Muhammad , Mahtani Arun Umesh , Botrus Bachar , Kenne Foma Munoh , Master Madiha Fatima 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 68‐year‐old African American male presented to the emergency department with back and abdominal pain. Imaging showed a posterior mediastinal mass interposed between the carina, the left main stem bronchus, and the descending thoracic aorta. Biopsy of the mass favored a metastatic prostate carcinoma, which is an extremely rare presentation.
Roxarsone Delivery Nanocomposite Based on Nitrite‐Functionalized Mesoporous Polydopamine for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections via Enhanced Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Kang Zhecheng , Zhou Qian , Wang Kun , Wang An , Chen Tianyi , Wei Hongbo , Wang Tengjiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent treatments for infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria still remain challenging and therapeutic materials with high efficacy are of demand. Herein, a bactericidal nanocomposite was constructed by loading Roxarsone (ROX) onto nitrosylated mesoporous polydopamine (named mPDA@NO‐ROX). The designed nanocomposite exhibited considerable photothermal effect and controlled NO and ROX co‐delivery under the irradiation of near‐infrared laser (NIR) to achieve enhanced chemo‐photothermal antibacterial therapy. The in vitro antibacterial evaluation of the mPDA@NO‐ROX demonstrated the effective elimination of the Gram‐negative tetracycline‐resistant Escherichia coil and Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus under mild NIR irradiation compared to merely ROX loaded unmodified mPDA, indicating the NO enhanced chemo‐photothermal therapy. In addition, the cytotoxicity experiments indicated that mPDA@NO‐ROX exhibited only 5 % of hemolysis rate and high cell viability at 1 mg mL−1 against mammalian fibroblasts, suggesting the excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, the mPDA@NO‐ROX could be a promising candidate for anti‐infection therapy of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Design, analysis, and adaptive maximum power point tracking control of small‐scale wind turbine system
Authors: Mendi Balaji , Pattnaik Monalisa , Srungavarapu Gopalakrishna 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDue to the stochastic and unpredictable nature of wind speed, extraction of maximum power from the wind turbine system becomes an attractive control objective. Therefore, to capture more wind power, various conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes are developed for standalone small‐scale variable speed wind power generation system (VSWPGS). This manuscript proposes novel adaptive step size (ASS) and drift‐free ASS (DF‐ASS) MPPT methods for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based VSWPGS. The control schemes achieve maximum power point (MPP) without using mechanical sensors like speed encoder and anemometer. The proposed MPPT controllers are implemented on a laboratory‐scale DC motor‐PMSG‐based wind power generation system (WPGS) using OPAL‐RT real‐time digital platform. The ASS and DF‐ASS methods capture more power, reduce the steady‐state power oscillation around MPP, and improve the tracking speed. Also, the proposed DF‐ASS control scheme avoids drift phenomenon during wind speed increase condition. The comparative experimental results of proposed ASS and DF‐ASS methods with respect to the fixed step size MPPT schemes show better dynamic and steady‐state performance, making it pertinent for small‐scale WPGS.
Crop diversity and susceptibility of crop fields to elephant raids in eastern Okavango Panhandle, northern Botswana
Authors: Matsika Tiroyaone A. , Masunga Gaseitsiwe S. , Makati Anastacia , McCulloch Graham , Stronza Amanda , Songhurst Anna C. , Adjetey Joseph A. , Obopile Motshwari 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElephants frequently raid crops within their ranges in Africa and Asia. These raids can greatly impact agricultural productivity and food security for farmers. Therefore, there is a need to explore cost‐effective measures that would reduce the susceptibility of crops and agricultural fields to elephant raiding, and further promote sustainable human–elephant coexistence. Previous studies have examined the susceptibility of crop fields to elephant raids using field characteristics such as field size and proximity to water sources. However, there are limited studies investigating how different crop types, individually and in their combinations, influence crop susceptibility to elephant raiding. This study utilized data collected from crop fields raided by the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) between 2008 and 2018 in the eastern Okavango Panhandle, northern Botswana. Data on crops grown, number of crop‐raiding incidences for each crop, and elephant raiding incidences were recorded for each field assessed. Incidence risks (IR) and field risk value (RV) were computed using an adaptive epidemiological approach. The results showed that elephant raiding incidents varied significantly amongst crop types over space and time (p < .0001). Cereal crops (millet: Eleusine conaracana, maize: Zea mays) incurred a higher number of crop‐raiding incidents compared with leguminous crops (cowpea: Vigna unguiculata; groundnut: Arachis hypogea). Field RVs significantly varied depending on which crop was present in the field. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of crop types and the susceptibility of the field to raiding (r = −0.680, p < .0001). Our results suggest that the susceptibility of the fields to elephant raids could be minimized by selecting crop types and combinations less susceptible to elephant damage, thus enhancing food security for local subsistence farmers.
Land‐use changes interact with geology to facilitate dispersal of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) and leishmaniasis across Israel and the West Bank
Authors: Ben‐Moshe Noam , Rosensaft Marcelo , Iwamura Takuya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeology plays a fundamental role in establishing species' habitats, determining both physical (e.g., landscape morphology, soil texture) and chemical (e.g., mineral composition, water availability) properties. In the current Anthropocene epoch, human activity is transforming Earth's geology and ecosystems. Yet to date, there have been almost no studies incorporating geology when examining the effect of such land‐use changes on species distribution. This study seeks to uncover how specific land‐use changes interact with geology, in order to explain the recent and rapid expansion of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) across the mountains of central Israel and the West Bank. Hyraxes are dependent on rock mounds for their habitat, and their expansion seems to be correlated with increasing infrastructure construction. However, their expansion patterns differ among locations, even when the human land‐use is similar. To explain the patterns of hyrax distribution observed over the past 46 years, we converted geological data into ecological data, which present the probability of the local bedrock breaking into boulders, whether due to either natural or anthropogenic weathering processes. We applied species distribution models (SDMs) and found that the expansion of rock hyrax populations was facilitated by means of the interaction of specific geological units with land‐use practices (e.g., roads and construction), which resulted in the accumulation of large boulders, creating novel habitats and stepping stones in previously unsuitable areas for hyraxes. Since rock hyraxes are major hosts of the leishmaniasis pathogen, the findings from this study offer important insights into the progression and potential outbreaks of the disease in human populations. Understanding the role that geology plays in shaping a species' niche is expected to prove useful in studying the distribution of other wildlife species and is fundamental in studies seeking to predict the potential ecological impacts on local biodiversity associated with land‐use change.
Fire frequency, as well as stress response and developmental gene control serotiny level variation in a widespread pioneer Mediterranean conifer, Pinus halepensis
Authors: Romero Bastien , Scotti Ivan , Fady Bruno , Ganteaume Anne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany plants undergo adaptation to fire. Yet, as global change is increasing fire frequency worldwide, our understanding of the genetics of adaptation to fire is still limited. We studied the genetic basis of serotiny (the ability to disseminate seeds exclusively after fire) in the widespread, pioneer Mediterranean conifer Pinus halepensis Mill., by linking individual variation in serotiny presence and level to fire frequency and to genetic polymorphism in natural populations. After filtering steps, 885 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) out of 8000 SNPs used for genotyping were implemented to perform an in situ association study between genotypes and serotiny presence and level. To identify serotiny‐associated loci, we performed random forest analyses of the effect of SNPs on serotiny levels, while controlling for tree size, frequency of wildfires, and background environmental parameters. Serotiny showed a bimodal distribution, with serotinous trees more frequent in populations exposed to fire in their recent history. Twenty‐two SNPs found in genes involved in stress tolerance were associated with the presence‐absence of serotiny while 37 found in genes controlling for flowering were associated with continuous serotiny variation. This study shows the high potential of P. halepensis to adapt to changing fire regimes, benefiting from a large and flexible genetic basis of trait variation.
Nutrient conditions determine the strength of herbivore‐mediated stabilizing feedbacks in barrens
Authors: Illa‐López Laia , Aubach‐Masip Àlex , Alcoverro Teresa , Ceccherelli Giulia , Piazzi Luigi , Kleitou Periklis , Santamaría Jorge , Verdura Jana , Sanmartí Neus , Mayol Elvira , Buñuel Xavi , Minguito‐Frutos Mario , Bulleri Fabio , Boada Jordi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAbiotic environmental conditions can significantly influence the way species interact. In particular, plant–herbivore interactions can be substantially dependent on temperature and nutrients. The overall product of these relationships is critical for the fate and stability of vegetated ecosystems like marine forests. The last few decades have seen a rapid spread of barrens on temperate rocky reefs mainly as a result of overgrazing. The ecological feedbacks that characterize the barren state involve a different set of interactions than those occurring in vegetated habitats. Reversing these trends requires a proper understanding of the novel feedbacks and the conditions under which they operate. Here, we explored the role of a secondary herbivore in reinforcing the stability of barrens formed by sea urchin overgrazing under different nutrient conditions. Combining comparative and experimental studies in two Mediterranean regions characterized by contrasting nutrient conditions, we assessed: (i) if the creation of barren areas enhances limpet abundance, (ii) the size‐specific grazing impact by limpets, and (iii) the ability of limpets alone to maintain barrens. Our results show that urchin overgrazing enhanced limpet abundance. The effects of limpet grazing varied with nutrient conditions, being up to five times more intense under oligotrophic conditions. Limpets were able to maintain barrens in the absence of sea urchins only under low‐nutrient conditions, enhancing the stability of the depauperate state. Overall, our study suggests a greater vulnerability of subtidal forests in oligotrophic regions of the Mediterranean and demonstrates the importance of environment conditions in regulating feedbacks mediated by plant–herbivore interactions.
Development of ready‐to‐reconstitute carrot pomace blended sweet corn porridge
Authors: Nayi Pratik , Kumar Navneet , Chen Ho‐Hsien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe demand for the development of functional and nutrients‐rich products for boosting immunity is the prime focus of consumers. The carrot pomace, a potential by‐product of carrot juice, was used to develop fortified sweet corn porridge. Response surface methodologies used for the optimization process parameters, like, the proportion of carrot pomace (10–50 g/100 g), milk (50–250 mL/100 g), sugar (12–20 g/100 g), and cooking time (10–20 min) were selected for to assess the product quality parameters, like, color L*, a*, and b* value, pH, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, reducing sugar, total sugar, moisture content, and ash content of carrot pomace‐fortified sweet corn porridge. The sweetness of sweet corn and carrot minimized the need for additional sugar, which is an essential part of the preparation of porridge. The R2 value for the various models ranged from 0.7062 to 0.8739. The optimized sample based on a maximum value of ascorbic acid (20.19 mg/100 g) and overall acceptability (7.82) was finalized at 35 g carrot pomace, 100 mL milk, 16.00 g sugar, and 13 min cooking time of the final product. The optimized product was dehydrated, which can be stored for a longer duration and used after reconstitution.