bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The key importance of spending on research and development in Formula One
Authors: Loník Ivan , Kotrba Vojtěch 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of budget strategy on Formula One team success in the World Constructors Championship using data from 11 seasons (2010–2020) before the budget cap. It demonstrates that budget strategy positively affects standings, points, podium finishes, and race completion. The motivation to achieve better results is explained through success‐related returns. Cost–benefit analysis and regression models were employed, revealing a significant influence of budget strategy on team success. Investing in research and development emerges as the most effective approach to enhance the success rate.
Affordable, state‐of‐the‐art, magnetic resonance imaging scanners: Design and manufacturing insights
Authors: Padarthi Swathy , Prabakar Akash , Deshpande Srinivasa Rao , Udupa Shankar Murthy , Arunachalam Arjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the current study, design and manufacturing insights into the development of affordable, state‐of‐the‐art, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are provided, and imaging results to demonstrate their viability are presented. Perspectives on affordability and accessibility are given, followed by a set of scanner specifications that, if met, can satisfy these criteria. Next, the architecture of a concept scanner that can satisfy some of these requirements is outlined and explained in detail. Specific insights into the design modifications that can enable reductions in power consumption, weight, and form factors are provided. Scanner performance benchmarking via large American College of Radiology phantom imaging tests is reported. Human volunteer imaging results are shown for the most common clinical contrasts to establish viability and demonstrate body coverage. In summary, a ground‐up approach for designing state‐of‐the‐art, yet affordable, MRI scanners is described, along with insights into the future steps that must be taken to ensure genuine accessibility and affordability.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activities of Benzofuran‐Substitutes Cinnamamide Compounds
Authors: Fang Jun , Zhu Yixian , Zeng Xihuang , Lin Xiaohan , Deng Bin , Lu Yinghua , Tu Song 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe commercially available dimethomorph is a mixture of two isomers, among which Z‐ dimethomorph has an excellent control effect against oomycetes, while E‐dimethomorph has less fungicidal activity. Therefore, in this paper, a series of novel benzofuran‐modified cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized by “fixing” the cis‐styrene group in Z‐dimethomorph with benzofuran group. And the modification of the molecular structure of cinnamamide compounds could be beneficial to improve its practical application performance. The synthesized products were evaluated for their antifungal activity against 7 strains of phytopathogenic fungi. It was found that the antifungal spectrum and fungicidal activities of some compounds were improved compared with the commercial fungicides dimethomorph and flumorph. Furthermore, for benzofuran‐modified cinnamamide derivatives, substituted bis‐methoxy in the phenyl ring of cinnamate is crucial to inhibit Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora dreschsleri.
ÖBB‐Trogbrücken mit UHPFRC‐Verbundplatte
Authors: Kuss Stefan , Zimmermann Welf 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIm Streckennetz der Österreichischen Bundesbahnen befinden sich zahlreiche einfeldrige Brückenobjekte kurzer Spannweite (<20 m) in Stahlbauweise ohne Schotterbettaufbau. Eines dieser Brückenobjekte war die Auenbachbrücke auf der Strecke Zeltweg–St. Paul im Lavanttal (Kärnten, Österreich), die im Zuge der Bestandsattraktivierung der Lavanttalbahn durch ein modernes Tragwerk mit Schotterbettaufbau ersetzt werden sollte. Die Kernaufgabe beim Entwurf des Tragwerks lag in der Beibehaltung der Bestandsschienenoberkante, um Eingriffe in die Streckenführung zu vermeiden, sowie der Konstruktionsunterkante, aufgrund eines vorliegenden Hochwasserschutzprojekts des Auenbachs. Diese Aufgabe konnte unter Anwendung eines Trogquerschnitts in Stahlbauweise mit einer in Querrichtung gespannten UHPFRC‐Verbundplatte realisiert werden, die Schubsicherung in der Verbundplatte wurde mittels Verbunddübelleisten gewährleistet. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Konstruktionsweise des Tragwerks erläutert sowie die zugehörigen statischen Berechnungen und begleitenden Versuche vorgestellt.
MUC1 promotes lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by downregulating DNAJB6 expression
Authors: Ma Guanqiang , Liu Xiangyan , Shi Mo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAberrant expression of MUC1 correlates with the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), this study aimed to explore the effect of targeting MUC1 by Go‐203 on malignant behavior of ESCC and the underlying mechanism.Methods and ResultsIHC was used to examine the expression of MUC1 and DNAJB6 in ESCC samples. qRT–PCR and western blotting were used to examine the expression of MUC1 and DNAJB6 in ESCC cell lines. CCK8, wound healing, and transwell assays were used to determine the effect of regulating MUC1/DNAJB6 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. The effect of overexpressing/targeting MUC1 on the activation of the AKT/HSF‐1 pathway was determined by western blotting. A negative correlation was confirmed between the expression of DNAJB6 and MUC1 in ESCC tissue samples by IHC, and high expression of MUC1 and low expression of DNAJB6 correlated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC patients. Overexpressing MUC1 downregulated the expression of DNAJB6, promoted ESCC proliferation, invasion, migration and activated the AKT pathway, while targeting MUC1 suppressed proliferation, invasion, migration, and the AKT pathway and up‐regulated DNAJB6 expression in vitro. Moreover, MUC1 increased the phosphorylation of HSF‐1 via the AKT pathway, and inhibiting AKT‐HSF‐1 increased the expression of DNAJB6 in vitro.ConclusionsThis study indicated that MUC1 could promote tumorigenesis and metastasis in ESCC by downregulating DNAJB6 expression through AKT‐HSF‐1 pathway.
Plebanski-Demianski goes NUTs (to remove the Misner string)
Authors: Astorino Marco , Boldi Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a general procedure, based on the Ehlers transformation of the Ernst equations, to add the gravitomagnetic mass to the whole Plebanski-Demianski family of solutions. We can efficiently generate a large class of accelerating black holes, such as Reissner-Nordstrom or Kerr-Newman, endowed with the NUT parameter. The full rotating version carries a couple of independent NUT charges, one associated to the black hole and the other to the accelerating Rindler background.The two NUT parameters can be coupled to remove the axial irregularity which causes the Misner string, still remaining with a Lorentzian spacetime, without the need to impose periodic time.All the metrics we build are not of D-type according to the Petrov classification, but type-I, so they belong to a more general category with respect to C-metrics and the Plebanski-Demianski seed.A convenient form of the most general type D black hole solution in general relativity, coupled with Maxwell electromagnetism, is obtained when switching off one of the two NUT parameters.
The mechanistic role of cardiac glycosides in DNA damage response and repair signaling
Authors: Ainembabazi Diana , Zhang Youwei , Turchi John J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of bioactive organic compounds well-known for their application in treating heart disease despite a narrow therapeutic window. Considerable evidence has demonstrated the potential to repurpose CGs for cancer treatment. Chemical modification of these CGs has been utilized in attempts to increase their anti-cancer properties; however, this has met limited success as their mechanism of action is still speculative. Recent studies have identified the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway as a target of CGs. DDR serves to coordinate numerous cellular pathways to initiate cell cycle arrest, promote DNA repair, regulate replication fork firing and protection, or induce apoptosis to avoid the survival of cells with DNA damage or cells carrying mutations. Understanding the modus operandi of cardiac glycosides will provide critical information to better address improvements in potency, reduced toxicity, and the potential to overcome drug resistance. This review summarizes recent scientific findings of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac glycosides affecting the DDR signaling pathway in cancer therapeutics from 2010 to 2022. We focus on the structural and functional differences of CGs toward identifying the critical features for DDR targeting of these agents.
In vitro studies on the dependence of drug deposition in dentin on drug concentration, contact time, and the physicochemical properties of the drugs
Authors: Klima Miriam , Auwärter Volker , Altenburger Markus J. , Neukamm Merja A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chemical analysis of dental hard tissues can provide information on previous drug use due to the deposition of drugs into this tissue. For the interpretation of analytical results in, e.g., postmortem toxicology or regarding archeological samples, the influence of drug dosing, consumption frequency, duration of intake and type of drug on analyte concentrations in teeth has to be characterized. To approximate these correlations, in vitro models were applied to investigate the time dependency of drug deposition via and against pulp pressure (perfusion studies) and the concentration dependency of drug deposition via oral cavity (incubation study) as well as the influence of de- and remineralization (pH cycling) on the incorporation of drugs in bovine dentin pellets. Some of the drugs of abuse most relevant in forensic case work (amphetamines, opiates, cocaine and benzoylecgonine) were applied. Concentrations in dentin samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) after pulverization and extraction via ultrasonication with methanol. The studies showed that drug deposition in dentin likely depends on the physicochemical properties of the drug molecules as well as on the duration of contact with drugs via the blood stream and on drug concentrations present in the oral cavity. Higher drug concentrations in teeth can result from a more frequent or longer drug use. In addition, intake of higher doses or oral/inhalative consumption can also be expected to lead to higher drug concentrations. These findings can be helpful for the interpretation of postmortem cases.
Side-by-side comparison of the two widely studied GRPR radiotracers, radiolabeled NeoB and RM2, in a preclinical setting
Authors: Damiana T. S. T. , Paraïso P. , de Ridder C. , Stuurman D. , Seimbille Y. , Dalm S. U. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
NeoB and RM2 are the most investigated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)–targeting radiotracers in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, an extensive side-by-side comparison of the two radiotracers is valuable to demonstrate whether one has advantages over the other. Accordingly, this study aims to compare the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of radiolabeled NeoB and RM2 to guide future clinical studies.

Method
The stability of the radiolabeled GRPR analogs was determined in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and commercially available mouse and human serum. Target affinity was determined by incubating human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with [177Lu]Lu-NeoB or [177Lu]Lu-RM2, + / − increasing concentrations of unlabeled NeoB, RM2, or Tyr4-bombesin (BBN). To determine uptake and specificity cells were incubated with [177Lu]Lu-NeoB or [177Lu]Lu-RM2 + / − Tyr4-BBN. Moreover, in vivo studies were performed to determine biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Finally, radiotracer binding to various GRPR-expressing human cancer tissues was investigated.

Results
Both radiotracers demonstrated high stability in PBS and human serum, but stability in mouse serum decreased substantially over time. Moreover, both radiotracers demonstrated high GRPR affinity and specificity, but a higher uptake of [177Lu]Lu-NeoB was observed in in vitro studies. In vivo, no difference in tumor uptake was seen. The most prominent difference in uptake in physiological organs was observed in the GRPR-expressing pancreas; [177Lu]Lu-RM2 had less pancreatic uptake and a shorter pancreatic half-life than [177Lu]Lu-NeoB. Furthermore, [177Lu]Lu-RM2 presented with a lower tumor-to-kidney ratio, while the tumor-to-blood ratio was lower for [177Lu]Lu-NeoB. The autoradiography studies revealed higher binding of radiolabeled NeoB to all human tumor tissues.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, we conclude that the in vivo tumor-targeting capability of radiolabeled NeoB and RM2 is similar. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the differences observed in physiological organ uptakes, i.e., the pancreas, kidneys, and blood, result in relevant differences in organ absorbed doses when the radiotracers are applied for therapeutic purposes.
En bloc resection of bladder tumour: the rebirth of past through reminiscence
Authors: Teoh Jeremy Yuen-Chun , D’Andrea David , Gallioli Andrea , Yanagisawa Takafumi , MacLennan Steven , Nicoletti Rossella , Fai Ng Chi , Maffei Davide , Hurle Rodolfo , Lusuardi Lukas , Malavaud Bernard , Miki Jun , Kramer Mario , Mostafid Hugh , Enikeev Dmitry , Babjuk Marek , Breda Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh , Gontero Paolo , Herrmann Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To learn about the history and development of en bloc resection of bladder tumour (ERBT), and to discuss its future directions in managing bladder cancer.

Methods
In this narrative review, we summarised the history and early development of ERBT, previous attempts in overcoming the tumour size limitation, consolidative effort in standardising the ERBT procedure, emerging evidence in ERBT, evolving concepts in treating large bladder tumours, and the future directions of ERBT.

Results
Since the first report on ERBT in 1980, there has been tremendous advancement in terms of its technique, energy modalities and tumour retrieval methods. In 2020, the international consensus statement on ERBT has been developed and it serves as a standard reference for urologists to practise ERBT. Recently, high-quality evidence on ERBT has been emerging. Of note, the EB-StaR study showed that ERBT led to a reduction in 1-year recurrence rate from 38.1 to 28.5%. An individual patient data meta-analysis is currently underway, and it will be instrumental in defining the true value of ERBT in treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For large bladder tumours, modified approaches of ERBT should be accepted, as the quality of resection is more important than a mere removal of tumour in one piece. The global ERBT registry has been launched to study the value of ERBT in a real-world setting.

Conclusion
ERBT is a promising surgical technique in treating bladder cancer and it has gained increasing interest globally. It is about time for us to embrace this technique in our clinical practice.
Examining the past 120 years’ climate dynamics of Ethiopia
Authors: Berihun Mulatu Liyew , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Haregeweyn Nigussie , Tsubo Mitsuru , Yasuda Hiroshi , Fenta Ayele Almaw , Dile Yihun Taddele , Bayabil Haimanote Kebede , Tilahun Seifu Admassu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change is one of the environmental threats around the globe. However, this change is not uniform throughout the world, both spatially and temporally. This study, therefore, examined the spatiotemporal (annual and seasonal) variability and trends of rainfall and temperature over Ethiopia from 1901 to 2020. Monthly rainfall and temperature (maximum, minimum, and mean) data were extracted from the latest version of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU 4.05) dataset. Using long-term seasonal rainfall patterns and pixel-based correlation techniques, five homogeneous rainfall zones were identified. The rainfall and temperature from CRU were validated using observed data from 235 and 145 meteorological stations, respectively. The results revealed that inter-seasonal rainfall and temperature variabilities are more pronounced than interannual variabilities in all rainfall zones. Only 19% (215,700 km2) and 3% (33, 900 km2) of the country’s total area experienced statistically significant (α = 0.05) decreasing and increasing trends of rainfall, respectively from 1901 to 2020. A statistically significant decreasing trend in rainfall with time was observed during the summer in only one zone that received rainfall in all months. A precipitation concentration index analysis revealed that the country exhibited a moderate to strongly irregular annual and seasonal rainfall distribution, except during the summer when the rainfall distribution was uniform. There was hence a high degree of rainfall seasonality throughout the study period. In addition to the devastating 1984 nationwide drought, Ethiopia also experienced local droughts for a number of 10 to 20 years. Unlike rainfall, there was a significant (α = 0.05) spatiotemporal increasing trend of temperature over the country. The spatial and temporal increasing trend of mean temperature over 120 years ranged from 0.24oC to 1.92oC and 0.72oC to 1.08oC, respectively. This increasing trend was higher in two zones located in the western and northwest parts of Ethiopia and the inflection points occurred after the 1970s in all zones. It is noteworthy that the maximum temperature increased at a lower rate than the minimum temperature. The warming trends and changes in rainfall patterns are likely to increase the frequency of climate extreme events and impact ecosystem services. This study suggests that climate change-sensitive zones require more attention and further study to enhance awareness of climate change in Ethiopia and facilitate adaptation to climate change and inform actions to mitigate adverse effects.
Etablierung eines interdisziplinären Schockraumsimulationstrainings an einem überregionalen deutschen Traumazentrum
Authors: Paul M. M. , Westphale S. , Huflage H. , Helf D. , Hofmann C. , König S. , Meffert R. H. , Bley T. A. , Germer C.-T. , Meybohm P. , Happel O. , Lock J. F. 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine effektive Schockraumversorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten erfordert professionelle interdisziplinäre Teamarbeit. Simulationsgestützte Teamtrainings können es ermöglichen, die Grundprinzipien des Crisis Resource Management (CRM) auch in der Akut- und Notfallmedizin zu etablieren. Diese Arbeit präsentiert die erfolgreiche Implementierung eines interdisziplinären, interprofessionellen In-situ-Schockraumsimulationstrainings (iSRST) in einem überregionalen Traumazentrum.

Methodik
Das iSRST wurde durch Vertretende aller an der Schockraumversorgung beteiligten Fachdisziplinen Advanced-Trauma-Life-Support®(ATLS®)-basiert entwickelt. Pro Trainingswoche wurde an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen mit jeweils zwei Gruppen zu je acht Teilnehmenden für vier Stunden im traumatologischen Schockraum trainiert. Das Training bestand aus zwei interaktiven Diskussionen zu CRM und ATLS®, einer Einführung in die Simulationstechnik und zwei Szenarien (ca. 20 min) mit darauffolgenden Debriefings. Alle Teilnehmenden wurden nach dem Training anhand anonymisierter Fragebögen zur Evaluation des Trainings inklusive Selbsteinschätzung in Bezug auf die Leitsätze des CRM befragt.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt beantworteten 167 Ärzt*innen, Pflegekräfte und technisches Assistenzpersonal aus Anästhesiologie, Unfallchirurgie, Allgemeinchirurgie und Radiologie die Fragebögen. Die größte Berufsgruppe stellten mit 47,6 % Assistenzärzt*innen dar. Das Trainingskonzept wurde durchweg sehr gut bewertet. Der Lernzuwachs hinsichtlich der befragten CRM-Prinzipien war bei allen Aspekten signifikant. Über 95 % der Teilnehmenden wünschten eine mindestens jährliche Wiederholung des Trainings.

Diskussion
Das iSRST führt aus Teilnehmendensicht zu einem relevanten subjektiven Wissenszuwachs hinsichtlich CRM, steigert das Verständnis für die Bedeutung dieser Prinzipien und hat somit das Potenzial, die Kommunikation und Handlungsabläufe im chirurgischen Schockraum zu verbessern.
Understanding the dynamics of college transitions between courses: Uncertainty associated with the decision to drop out studies among first and second year students
Authors: Galve-González Celia , Bernardo Ana Belén , Castro-López Adrián 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUniversity dropout is a phenomenon of growing interest due to its negative consequences. Various variables have been studied in order to understand why this problem occurs. Satisfaction with the degree choice, self-regulation strategies and engagement within the university are some of the variables that have been studied in order to understand why students decide to drop out university. In this sense, it is also important to consider uncertainty, which refers to the level of certainty that students have about these variables to understand the decisions to drop out. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyse the uncertainty associated with the decision to drop out studies among first year and second-year students, based on these three variables using Multiple Criteria Decision-Making. We performed descriptive analyses and FTOPSIS method on a sample of 719 students from a university in the north of Spain. We saw a relationship between the three variables studied and the intention to persist, as well as being a first-year student. In conclusion, it is important to continue studying the variables that influence this phenomenon in greater depth. In addition, this type of analysis could help in future research to understand in greater depth the influence of other variables on dropout rates.
A multi-scenario approach to continuously learn and understand norm violations
Authors: Freitas dos Santos Thiago , Osman Nardine , Schorlemmer Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUsing norms to guide and coordinate interactions has gained tremendous attention in the multiagent community. However, new challenges arise as the interest moves towards dynamic socio-technical systems, where human and software agents interact, and interactions are required to adapt to changing human needs. For instance, different agents (human or software) might not have the same understanding of what it means to violate a norm (e.g., what characterizes hate speech), or their understanding of a norm might change over time (e.g., what constitutes an acceptable response time). The challenge is to address these issues by learning to detect norm violations from the limited interaction data and to explain the reasons for such violations. To do that, we propose a framework that combines Machine Learning (ML) models and incremental learning techniques. Our proposal is equipped to solve tasks in both tabular and text classification scenarios. Incremental learning is used to continuously update the base ML models as interactions unfold, ensemble learning is used to handle the imbalance class distribution of the interaction stream, Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) is used to learn from text sentences, and Integrated Gradients (IG) is the interpretability algorithm. We evaluate the proposed approach in the use case of Wikipedia article edits, where interactions revolve around editing articles, and the norm in question is prohibiting vandalism. Results show that the proposed framework can learn to detect norm violation in a setting with data imbalance and concept drift.