bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplification‐Free Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Down to Single Virus Level by Portable Carbon Nanotube Biosensors
Authors: Liang Yuqi , Xiao Mengmeng , Xie Jing , Li Jiahao , Zhang Yuyan , Liu Haiyang , Zhang Yang , He Jianping , Zhang Guojun , Wei Nan , Peng Lian‐Mao , Ke Yuehua , Zhang Zhi‐Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe rapid and sensitive detection of trace‐level viruses in a simple and reliable way is of great importance for epidemic prevention and control. Here, a multi‐functionalized floating gate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (FG‐CNT FET) based biosensor is reported for the single virus level detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus antigen and RNA rapidly with a portable sensing platform. The aptamers functionalized sensors can detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens from unprocessed nasopharyngeal swab samples within 1 min. Meanwhile, enhanced by a multi‐probe strategy, the FG‐CNT FET‐based biosensor can detect the long chain RNA directly without amplification down to single virus level within 1 min. The device, constructed with packaged sensor chips and a portable sensing terminal, can distinguish 10 COVID‐19 patients from 10 healthy individuals in clinical tests both by the RNAs and antigens by a combination detection strategy with an combined overall percent agreement (OPA) close to 100%. The results provide a general and simple method to enhance the sensitivity of FET‐based biochemical sensors for the detection of nucleic acid molecules and demonstrate that the CNT FG FET biosensor is a versatile and reliable integrated platform for ultrasensitive multibiomarker detection without amplification and has great potential for point‐of‐care (POC) clinical tests.
Multiscale Structural Engineering of Sulfur/Carbon Cathodes Enables High Performance All‐Solid‐State LiS Batteries
Authors: Xu Guobao , Yan Zhihao , Yang Hengyu , Zhang Xuedong , Su Yong , Huang Zhikai , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Wang Zhenyu , Zhu Lingyun , Lin Jianguo , Yang Liwen , Huang Jianyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConstructing all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) cathodes with efficient charge transport and mechanical flexibility is challenging but critical for the practical applications of ASSLSBs. Herein, a multiscale structural engineering of sulfur/carbon composites is reported, where ultrasmall sulfur nanocrystals are homogeneously anchored on the two sides of graphene layers with strong SC bonds (denoted as S@EG) in chunky expanded graphite particles via vapor deposition method. After mixing with Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3 (LSPSCL) solid electrolytes (SEs), the fabricated S@EG‐LSPSCL cathode with interconnected “Bacon and cheese sandwich” feature can simultaneously enhance electrochemical reactivity, charge transport, and chemomechanical stability due to the synergistic atomic, nanoscopic and microscopic structural engineering. The assembled InLi/LSPSCL/S@EG‐LSPSCL ASSLSBs demonstrate ultralong cycling stability over 2400 cycles with 100% capacity retention at 1 C, and a record‐high areal capacity of 14.0 mAh cm−2 at a record‐breaking sulfur loading of 8.9 mg cm−2 at room temperature as well as high capacities with capacity retentions of ≈100% after 600 cycles at 0 and 60 °C. Multiscale structural engineered sulfur/carbon cathode has great potential to enable high‐performance ASSLSBs for energy storage applications.
Graphene‐Encapsulated Bifunctional Catalysts with High Activity and Durability for Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Ha Seong‐Ji , Hwang Jongha , Kwak Myung‐Jun , Yoon Jong‐Chul , Jang Ji‐Hyun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon‐based electrocatalysts with both high activity and high stability are desirable for use in Zn–air batteries. However, the carbon corrosion reaction (CCR) is a critical obstacle in rechargeable Zn–air batteries. In this study, a cost‐effective carbon‐based novel material is reported with a high catalytic effect and good durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), prepared via a simple graphitization process. In situ growth of graphene is utilized in a 3D‐metal‐coordinated hydrogel by introducing a catalytic lattice of transition metal alloys. Due to the direct growth of few‐layer graphene on the metal alloy decorated 3d‐carbon network, greatly reduced CCR is observed in a repetitive OER test. As a result, an efficient bifunctional electrocatalytic performance is achieved with a low ΔE value of 0.63 V and good electrochemical durability for 83 h at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline media. Moreover, graphene‐encapsulated transition metal alloys on the nitrogen‐doped carbon supporter exhibit an excellent catalytic effect and good durability in a Zn–air battery system. This study suggests a straightforward way to overcome the CCR of carbon‐based materials for an electrochemical catalyst with wide application in energy conversion and energy storage devices.
Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes – Then and Now
Authors: Plaas Anna H. K. , Moran Meghan M. , Sandy John D. , Hascall Vincent C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitinsulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoproteinnetwork. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a “metabolicrheostat” during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from ‘big data’ approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
A Gendered Approach to Understanding Climate Change Impacts in Rural Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Standal Karina , Daloz Anne Sophie , Kim Elena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores climate change impacts and the related experiences and realities of local women in rural Kyrgyzstan by combining research on the physical impacts of climate change in the Central Asian region with an analysis of ethnographic accounts of local people’s farming and energy-use practices. Our analysis reveals how interlinked material, social and cultural realities of local communities manifest in social differentiation that enables or limits women’s capacities to cope with climate change and engage in adaptation practices. The post-Soviet period has diminished rural women’s access to social protection and economic opportunities while reinforcing patriarchal gender norms, depriving women of land ownership rights and decision-making power over strategic life decisions.
Climate Change: A Growing Threat for Central Asia
Authors: Daloz Anne Sophie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCentral Asia is highly vulnerable to climate change owing to a set of critical interactions between the region’s socio-economic and environmental contexts. While some of the Central Asian countries are among the states contributing the least to global greenhouse gas emissions, they are already suffering directly from the effects of climate change. This chapter presents an overview of the physical impacts of climate change in Central Asia using the most recent literature, including the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It identifies climate change-related risks and sectoral vulnerabilities for the region, providing background information to serve as context for the later chapters.
Decarbonisation Opportunities and Emerging Carbon Pricing Instruments in Central Asia
Authors: Abdi Gulim , Zhakiyev Nurkhat , Toilybayeva Shynar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCentral Asian countries are highly vulnerable to climate change and heavily reliant on fossil fuel resources. All countries need to decarbonise their economies for sustainable growth and to meet their Paris Agreement goals. Within this global challenge, there are significant opportunities for Central Asian countries, such as attracting green investment through the expansion of renewable energy, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies and improving energy efficiency. This chapter presents the results of a study that investigated how carbon pricing instruments are currently used in Central Asia and what the future holds. The study determined that CPI and decarbonisation strategies are now being considered by Central Asian countries at different levels. A SWOT analysis of carbon pricing instrument implementation revealed ways to facilitate the implementation of carbon pricing to decarbonise the regional economy. The study also identified a list of mid- and long-term decarbonisation activities for governments and other stakeholders, and analysed opportunities to strengthen regional cooperation.
Semiclassical Measures for Higher-Dimensional Quantum Cat Maps
Authors: Dyatlov Semyon , Jézéquel Malo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsider a quantum cat map M associated with a matrix $$A\in {{\,\textrm{Sp}\,}}(2n,{\mathbb {Z}})$$

A
∈

Sp

(
2
n
,
Z
)

, which is a common toy model in quantum chaos. We show that the mass of eigenfunctions of M on any nonempty open set in the position–frequency space satisfies a lower bound which is uniform in the semiclassical limit, under two assumptions: (1) there is a unique simple eigenvalue of A of largest absolute value and (2) the characteristic polynomial of A is irreducible over the rationals. This is similar to previous work (Dyatlov and Jin in Acta Math 220(2):297–339, 2018; Dyatlov et al. in J Am Math Soc 35(2):361–465, 2022) on negatively curved surfaces and (Schwartz in The full delocalization of eigenstates for the quantized cat map, 2021) on quantum cat maps with $$n=1$$

n
=
1

, but this paper gives the first results of this type which apply in any dimension. When condition (2) fails we provide a weaker version of the result and discuss relations to existing counterexamples. We also obtain corresponding statements regarding semiclassical measures and damped quantum cat maps.
Topology optimization using the lattice Boltzmann method for unsteady natural convection problems
Authors: Tanabe Yuta , Yaji Kentaro , Ushijima Kuniharu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a density-based topology optimization method for natural convection problems using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). As the LBM can be developed as a completely explicit scheme, its attractive features over the traditional ones, such as the finite element method, are (1) suitability for solving unsteady flow problems and (2) scalability for large-scale parallel computing. We develop an LBM code for solving unsteady natural convection problems and provide its sensitivity analysis based on the so-called adjoint lattice Boltzmann method. Notably, the adjoint equation is derived from the discrete particle velocity Boltzmann equation and can be solved similarly to the original LBM concerning unsteady natural convection problems. We first show that the proposed method can produce similar results to the previous work in a steady-state natural convection problem. We then demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method through 2D numerical examples concerning unsteady natural convection. As a large-scale problem, we tackle a 3D unsteady natural convection problem on a parallel supercomputer. All the developed codes written in C++ are available at https://github.com/PANFACTORY/PANSLBM2.git.
Global and local components of output gaps
Authors: Eckert Florian , Mühlebach Nina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi-level dynamic factor model to identify common components in output gap estimates. We pool multiple estimates for 157 countries and decompose them into one global, eight regional, and 157 country-specific cycles. Our approach easily deals with mixed frequencies, ragged edges, and discontinuities in the underlying output gap estimates. To restrict the parameter space in the Bayesian state space model, we apply a stochastic search variable selection approach and base the prior inclusion probabilities on spatial information. Our results suggest that the global and the regional cycles explain a substantial proportion of the output gaps. On average, 18% of a country’s output gap is attributable to the global cycle, 24% to the regional cycle, and 58% to the local cycle.
The “Aberdeen Home Continence Stress Test”: a novel objective assessment tool for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Young Catriona , Cooper David , Mostafa Alyaa , Abdel-Fattah Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Clinical trials for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) require a robust, reliable, and responsive tool for objective assessment of SUI post-intervention. The Aberdeen Home Continence Stress Test (HCST) is a novel patient-reported objective assessment tool, aimed to be patient-friendly and reduce attrition rates by avoiding hospital appointments and prolonged pad-wearing. We aim to describe the HCST for the first time and evaluate its reliability, diagnostic accuracy, and response to change.

Methods
A secondary analysis of the Single-Incision Mini-Slings (SIMS) study (a prospective multicentre randomised control trial (RCT) comparing two surgical treatments of SUI was performed. In SIMS (n = 600 women), the objective outcome was assessed by the 24-h pad test, while the patient-reported success rates were assessed using the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) at 15 months, 2 years and 3 years post-randomisation. Participants were instructed to perform the HCST before and after the 24-h pad test. The HCST was analysed in relation to reliability, validity, and the relationship between the 24-h pad test and HCST results and finally with regard to its responsiveness to change in PGI-I. (Trial registration-number ISRCTN93264234, registration date 14/01/2014).

Results
Compared to the 24-h pad test, the sensitivity of the HCST ranged from 0.81–0.95, specificity was 0.76–0.79, negative predictive value was 0.96–0.99 and positive predictive value was 0.32–0.43. Reliability was indicated by high-performing Cronbach’s alpha value (> 0.7). An improvement of ≥ 2 leakage groups on the HCST (for example from Large at baseline to Small leakage at follow-up) was strongly associated with patient-reported success on PGI-I (OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.31, 8.31).

Conclusions
The HCST is a valid and reliable patient-reported objective assessment tool that can be used for assessing SUI in surgical trials with good specificity, sensitivity, and consistency.
Real-world Imatinib Mesylate Treatment in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The Importance of Molecular Monitoring and the Early Molecular Response
Authors: Ferreira Amanda Pifano Soares , Seguro Fernanda Salles , Abdo Andre Ramires Neder , Santos Fernanda Maria , Maciel Felipe Vieira Rodrigues , Nardinelli Luciana , Giorgi Ricardo Rodrigues , Ruiz Antonio Roberto Lancha , Ferreira Milton Pifano Soares , Rego Eduardo Magalhaes , Rocha Vanderson , Bendit Israel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. After the introduction of imatinib mesylate (IM) in 2000, the natural history of the disease changed. Data on the treatment of CML with IM are from randomized clinical trials. Establishing whether these results can be reproduced or if caution is needed when extrapolating data to the general population with CML is essential.

Objectives
To evaluate the molecular response (MR) in patients with chronic-phase CML (CML-CP) not included in clinical studies and correlate them with the responses obtained in clinical trials.

Methods
Between January 2007 and January 2017, 227 patients newly diagnosed with CML-CP treated with IM as first-line treatment were included. This study is an observational, retrospective, and single-center study.

Results
At a median follow-up time of 7.3 years, 60.3% of the 227 patients who started IM were still on IM. Early molecular response (EMR) at 3 and 6 months was achieved by 74.2% and 65%, respectively. The median time to a MMR was nine months. The MR4.0 and MR4.5 were 67.2% and 51.1%, respectively. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and event-free survival (EFS) of the patients who exclusively used IM were 91%, 91%, and 85.1%, respectively.

Conclusion
The results presented are similar to those described in prospective and randomized trials, demonstrating that the outcomes are reproducible in the real world. EMR at 3 and 6 months reflects better long-term responses, including higher rates of deeper molecular responses. Considering treatment costs, the absence of literature evidence of an impact on overall survival demonstrated by first-line second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and the global OS of 85.8%, imatinib mesylate (IM) is still an excellent therapeutic option.
Hydrodynamic and atmospheric drivers create distinct thermal environments within a coral reef atoll
Authors: Grimaldi C. M. , Lowe R. J. , Benthuysen J. A. , Cuttler M. V. W. , Green R. H. , Gilmour J. P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWithin coral reefs, different thermal environments can be found at locations separated by less than 100 s of meters and can generate fine-scale patterns of thermal stress and subsequent bleaching. In this study, we use an 11-month record of in situ temperature measurements, coupled with oceanographic and atmospheric data to examine the role of surface and advective heat fluxes in driving spatial patterns of temperature variability across several reef zones (i.e., fore-reef, reef flat, channel and lagoon) within an individual coral reef atoll. We show that advection of heat (driven by a combination of wave and tidal flows) was dominant across all sites and surface heating was more important across shallow areas or areas of low net exchange (i.e., reef flat and lagoon zones). Tidal flows were important in driving short term variability in the transport of heat across the atoll, but their contribution to the net transport of heat (cooling vs heating) was less significant over the longer timescales (days to weeks) that are typically used to assess thermal stress experienced by coral reef communities (e.g., Degree Heating Weeks). Conversely, although the wave-driven advection of heat contributed minimally to reef temperature changes over short timescales, the net transport of heat over daily to weekly timescales had a significant influence on persistent temperature anomalies. By parameterising the mechanisms driving temperature variability across the reef flat and lagoon zones, we demonstrate how satellite measurements of sea surface temperatures can be corrected to provide robust temperature estimates at the reef scale.
The microbiomes of two Singaporean corals show site-specific differentiation and variability that correlates with the seasonal monsoons
Authors: Deignan Lindsey K. , Pwa Keay Hoon , Loh Aaron An Rong , Rice Scott A. , McDougald Diane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCorals host abundant microbial communities, or microbiomes, that play essential roles in the function of the coral holobiont. We examined the mucus microbiome in corals within the port of Singapore, where corals persist despite intense anthropogenic impacts. The coral mucus microbiomes of Pectinia paeonia and Platygyra sinensis at three reef sites were tracked by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from January 2019 to January 2020. Both coral species displayed spatial and temporal differences in microbiome composition, suggesting site specificity and seasonality in microbiome composition consistent with the monsoons. The temporal shifts in relative abundance of dominant taxa were different between the two coral species. Nonetheless, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both coral species and was reduced during the southwest (SW) monsoon, while Cyanobacteria and Crenarchaeota increased. The presumptive beneficial endosymbiont Endozoicomonas was only associated with corals at the reef site located the farthest from the Singapore mainland. The coral microbiomes reflected seasonal changes, while the seawater displayed distinct temporal microbial compositions and site-specific differentiation within all sampling dates. The persistence of coral reefs within the port of Singapore highlights the adaptive ability of corals to respond to stressful environments, and this study provides further evidence that a flexible microbiome could be an important part of the strategy employed by corals to remain resilient.
Crystal effects in the vibrational spectra of one-dimensional molecular spin crossover crystals using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Herz Jakob , Meyer Robert , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use molecular dynamics simulations to model the iron phonon density of states (pDOS) of a spin crossover (SCO) crystal built from 39-nuclear [Fe(atrz)$$_3$$3Cl$$_2$$2] chains (atrz = 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole). This is possible by using an atomistic potential that depends on the spin state of the Fe atoms. While quantum-chemical methods are able to provide data on isolated SCO molecules, the computational costs necessitate the use of classical simulations to calculate crystal effects on the spectra. Data are provided for a high-spin (HS) crystal, in which all Fe atoms are in their HS state, and a low-spin (LS) crystal. HS and LS crystals show distinctively different spectra that are in agreement with experimental data. Compared to the single-molecule spectra, the crystal spectra show several distinctive features: (i) The spectra are smoother, and the main peaks are slightly reduced in amplitude. (ii) The effect of intermolecular interactions shows up in additional structure at long-wavelengths. Good agreement between experimental and simulated phonon spectra is observed. The lattice-dynamics analysis of the low-energy pDOS allows to extract the temperature dependence of the vibrational entropy of the LS and HS crystals. Our study thus provides novel information about the crystal effects in SCO crystals.