bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Should We Use Hyaluronidase for Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid Fillers?
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Hu Hyewon , Wan Jovian , Chang Kathleen , Park Youngjin , Vitale Massimo , Damiani Giovanni , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are commonly used in esthetic medicine for facial contouring and rejuvenation. However, complications such as overcorrection, vascular occlusion, and irregular filler distribution necessitate the use of hyaluronidase to dissolve the fillers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronidase in degrading different types of HA fillers and provide clinical guidelines for its use based on filler type, dosage, and application techniques.MethodsA series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the dissolution of biphasic and monophasic HA fillers using varying concentrations of hyaluronidase. The in vivo component used animal models to determine the duration of hyaluronidase activity in biological tissues, whereas the in vitro study examined the dissolution rates of HA fillers in response to different hyaluronidase concentrations and application methods. A control study using saline was also performed to compare the natural hydration process of the fillers.ResultsHyaluronidase efficacy was found to vary based on the type of HA filler and the enzyme's concentration. Biphasic fillers dissolved more rapidly at lower concentrations of hyaluronidase compared to monophasic fillers, which required higher concentrations and longer exposure times for effective breakdown. The study also demonstrated that direct injection of hyaluronidase into the filler mass was more effective than surface application. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that hyaluronidase activity diminished within 30 min in biological tissues, highlighting the need for timely intervention in clinical scenarios.ConclusionHyaluronidase is effective in dissolving HA fillers, with its efficacy dependent on the type of filler, concentration, and application technique. Biphasic fillers respond more quickly to hyaluronidase, whereas monophasic fillers require higher doses and multiple treatments. Clinical recommendations include using direct injection techniques, tailoring hyaluronidase dosage based on the filler type, and considering hypersensitivity reactions. Future research should focus on the long‐term effects of hyaluronidase and refining clinical protocols for its use.
‘See Me as a Person’: A Qualitative Study of Long‐Term Care Recipients Perceptions of High‐Quality Care
Authors: Haave Randi Olsson , Skinner Marianne Sundlisæter , Obstfelder Aud , Melby Line 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore long‐term care recipients' perceptions of high‐quality care and how person‐centred approaches are applied in the services.DesignA descriptive explorative qualitative design.MethodsData were collected through individual interviews with 19 care recipients and 197 h of participant observation at 10 nursing homes and home care units in three Norwegian municipalities. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed a main theme—to be seen and cared for as an individual—describing the core of the recipients' perceptions of high‐quality care. This main theme encompassed two sub‐themes. The first—individually adapted care—showed that the recipients valued whether their healthcare workers understood them and their individual care needs and preferences. The second theme—interpersonal encounters—captured the recipients' appreciation of their healthcare workers' presence and ability to create moments where they were seen and treated as human beings.ConclusionFrom the perspective of care recipients, high‐quality care services depend on how they are treated as individuals and how the care they receive is adapted to their individual needs and preferences. These recipients' perceptions of individualised care delivered by healthcare workers are consistent with the goal of person‐centred care. These results highlight the value of and need for non‐standard approaches to providing high‐quality care.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareDespite the long‐term care services' extensive caregiving tasks and time pressure, they should enable healthcare workers to be present in the moment with care recipients.Reporting MethodConsolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines are used for this study (Tong, Sainsbury, and Craig 2007).Patient or Public ContributionLong‐term care recipients and the units where they received care contributed to this study. The recipients' perceptions of the care and the units' arrangements facilitating participant observation played significant roles in this research.
Trajectories and Predictors of Frailty in Patients With Heart Failure: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yang Mei , Zhang Xiuting , Fang Wenjie , Zhang Yilin , Fan Xiuzhen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to identify the heterogeneous trajectories of frailty and determine the predictors of distinct trajectories in patients with heart failure.DesignA longitudinal study.MethodsA total of 253 patients with heart failure were recruited at the cardiology department of a tertiary hospital between February and December 2023. Frailty was assessed at baseline, 1 and 4 months after discharge. Patients' sociodemographic characteristics, physical symptoms, nutritional status, psychological distress, illness perception and social networks were obtained at baseline using a structured questionnaire. Group‐based trajectory modelling was performed to identify the heterogeneity of the trajectories of frailty. Multiple logistic regression and decision tree models were used to explore the predictors of heterogeneous trajectories of frailty.ResultsThree distinct trajectories of frailty were identified in patients with heart failure: low frailty with high‐degree improvement group (46.2%), moderate frailty with high‐degree improvement group (41.1%) and high frailty with low‐degree improvement group (12.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that physical symptoms, nutritional status, illness perception and employment status were entered as independent predictors of heterogeneous trajectories of frailty. The decision tree model demonstrated that physical symptoms were the primary predictors, followed by nutritional status, illness perception and psychological distress.ConclusionsThree distinct categories of frailty trajectories were identified in patients with heart failure. Physical symptoms, nutritional status, psychological distress, illness perception and employment status were independent predictors of heterogeneous trajectories of frailty, with physical symptoms being the most important predictor.Implication to Clinical PracticeDynamic frailty assessment is recommended. Interventions aimed at alleviating physical symptoms, psychological distress and negative illness perception, and improving nutritional status may be conducive to delaying or reversing frailty in patients with heart failure, particularly in unemployed individuals.Reporting MethodThe reporting followed the STROBE guideline.Patient or Public ContributionsNo patient or public contribution.
Associations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cell levels and imbalance with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yuan , Chen Shuxia , Yang Jiecheng , Zhang Kejuan , Feng Xin , Sun Chao , Feng Qiang , Li Zhe 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveAbnormal levels and imbalances of T cell subsets are common in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) patients, but most studies have small sample sizes, and comprehensive evaluations are lacking. Therefore, this meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate T cell subsets and their ratios in RSA patients.MethodsFour databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) were searched until 10 January 2024. T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th1/Th2 ratio, Th17, regulatory T (Treg), Treg/Th17 ratio, and the correlation between Th17 and Treg were considered endpoint indexes.ResultsTwenty‐six studies involving 1143 RSA women (RSA group) and 863 healthy women (healthy control group) were included. Th1 (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.603%; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.406%, 0.800%; p < 0.001), Th1/Th2 ratio (SMD = 0.838; 95% CI: 0.364, 1.312; p = 0.001), and Th17 (SMD = 1.047%; 95% CI: 0.734%, 1.360%; p < 0.001) increased; Th2 (SMD = −0.719%; 95% CI: −1.263%, −0.174%; p = 0.010), Treg (SMD = −1.176%; 95% CI: −1.755%, −0.596%; p < 0.001) and Treg/Th17 ratio (SMD = −0.978; 95% CI: −1.576, −0.381; p = 0.001) reduced in RSA group versus healthy control group. Th17 were inversely correlated with Treg in RSA patients (Correlation coefficient = −0.488; 95% CI: −0.726, −0.145; p = 0.019). The risk of bias was relatively low. There was no publication bias for Th1, Th2, or Th1/Th2 ratio; publication biases for other outcomes were corrected by the trim‐and‐fill method. Sensitivity analyses showed relatively high robustness.ConclusionTh1, Th1/Th2 ratio, and Th17 are elevated, while Th2, Treg, and Treg/Th17 ratio are reduced in RSA patients. Meanwhile, Th17 was inversely correlated with Treg in these patients.
Locked down, rising up
Authors: Sagaram Sairaj 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, youth across the globe took outstanding initiatives to support their communities. From distributing food and oxygen to raising funds via digital platforms, young people demonstrated their potential in times of crisis. This commentary explores how youth civic engagement surged during the pandemic, driven by digital activism, community‐led initiatives, and institutional collaboration. The scoping review highlighted the importance of Positive Youth Development (PYD) in fostering leadership skills and social responsibility among youth, while also exposing challenges like the digital divide and the risk of armchair activism. Drawing from examples in India, where youth‐led initiatives and government recognition played a crucial role, this commentary discusses how civic participation can be a force for positive change, provided it is adequately supported and inclusive of diverse backgrounds.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Corruption and Press Freedom
Authors: Mahmood Towhid Iqram , Pavlik Jamie Bologna 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe use matching methods to explore the relationship between the control of corruption and press freedom from 1996–2016. We find evidence that increases in the control of corruption significantly elevates press freedom over both the four‐year and eight‐year horizon. These effects are strongest for the legal and political environment categories of press freedom. However, we find little evidence that press freedom influences the control of corruption overall, hypothesizing that this lack of an effect could be due to the absence of other complementary institutions (e.g., the rule of law and democracy) and/or because we are using perceptions‐based corruption measurements. We find some evidence that press freedom, paired with a strong rule of law system, can reduce corruption. Our results also suggest that reducing press freedom in countries without such institutions is particularly harmful. Lastly, we find that press freedom reduces voter participation yet increases foreign direct investment, suggesting that the perceptions‐based measures of corruption may not tell the full story.
The mediating role of work–life balance on the relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction among Lebanese critical care nurses
Authors: Hemade Ali , Khashab Mohamad Baqer , Houwayek Charbel , Hallit Souheil , Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Fawaz Mirna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn healthcare settings, particularly in intensive care units, nurses face significant stress due to the high demands of their job. This stress can impact their job satisfaction, mental health, and overall quality of life. Emotional intelligence has been identified as a crucial factor that can mitigate workplace stress and enhance job satisfaction. Moreover, work–life balance is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing job satisfaction in the nursing profession.AimOur study aims at understanding the mediating effect of work‐life balance between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction in Lebanese nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit.Study DesignThis study has a cross‐sectional design.MethodsNurses working in intensive care units of one hospital (n = 100) were asked to fill an online questionnaire which included the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Work–Life Balance Self‐Assessment Scale, and Job Satisfaction Scale.ResultsWork Interference with Personal Life and Personal Life Interference with Work acted as significant mediators between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction. Specifically, the direct role of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction was found to be significant, with work interference with personal life (β = .02, SE = .01, p = .001) and personal life interference with work (β = .02, SE = .01, p = .002) showing significant indirect roles. Higher emotional intelligence was directly and significantly associated with more job satisfaction (p < .01).ConclusionsThe study underscores the potential benefits of emotional intelligence training and work–life balance promotion in enhancing nurses' job satisfaction.Relevance to Clinical PracticePending future longitudinal studies, findings cautiously imply that targeting work–life balance could help foster the positive connection between emotional intelligence and Job Satisfaction among nurses. Accordingly, healthcare administrators should prioritize policies that promote flexible scheduling, sufficient staffing levels, and mental health resources, which are essential for maintaining a balance between professional obligations Job Satisfaction and personal life.
The association of dysglycaemia metrics over the first 7 days of ICU stay with ICU mortality among patients with and without diabetes
Authors: Yao Huan , Chen Yao , Dong Yukang , Zhang Guiping , Luo Wen , Chen Ji , Chen Yingfang , Guo Jia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundDysglycaemia metrics, defined as hyperglycaemia, increased glucose variability, hypoglycaemia and reduced time in the targeted blood glucose range (TIR), are linked to higher mortality. The relationship between dysglycaemia metrics and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality over time for patients with and without diabetes remains inconclusive, posing challenges for ICU medical staff in accurately identifying and distinguishing various risk factors and taking timely and appropriate responses.AimTo explore which dysglycaemia metrics within the first 7 days of ICU stay are associated with ICU mortality among patients with and without diabetes.Study DesignThis retrospective cohort study included 712 patients without diabetes and 222 patients with diabetes. Clinical data were collected within the first 7 days of ICU stay. Binary logistic regression models were built to analyse which dysglycaemia metrics (hyperglycaemia, coefficient of variation [CV], hypoglycaemia and TIR) on the first day, over the first 3, 5 and 7 days of ICU stay were associated with ICU mortality.ResultsIn patients with diabetes, hyperglycaemia on the first day (OR: 4.90, 95% CI: 1.51–15.90, p = .008) and TIR <70% during the first 7 days of ICU stay (OR: 16.31, 95% CI: 1.50–176.89, p = .022) were associated with increased ICU mortality. In patients without diabetes, CV >20% on the first day (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03–2.07, p = .035), and TIR <70% during the first 3 (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.35–2.98, p < .001) and 5 days (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.09–2.54, p = .019) were associated with increased ICU mortality (p < .05). The proportion of hypoglycaemia did not significantly correlate with ICU mortality in patients with or without diabetes (p > .05).ConclusionsSpecific dysglycaemia metrics are associated with ICU mortality between patients with and without diabetes. In patients with diabetes, hyperglycaemia on the first day and TIR <70% on the first 7 days with higher mortality. In patients without diabetes, CV >20% on the first day and TIR <70% in the first 3 and 5 days are associated with higher mortality. Monitoring these metrics may potentially help develop strategies to decrease ICU mortality through individualized glycaemic management.Relevance to Clinical PracticeClose monitoring of dysglycaemia metrics, especially TIR, and personalized glucose management based on diabetic status may help identify high‐risk ICU patients and improve targeted care strategies.
Refractive error maps: A predictive tool for refractive error progression
Authors: Debowy Fabian , Pierscionek Barbara 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of axial length on different ocular parameters and create a predictive tool for refractive error progression.MethodsTwo eye models were used to simulate refractive errors, namely the Liou–Brennan and the Goncharov–Dainty. Both models were simulated using Zemax OpticStudio. Simulations were made by varying axial length and central corneal radii of curvature, with values ranging from 21.5 to 28.5 mm and 7.0 to 8.5 mm, respectively. Additionally, simulations of different lens parameters were included.ResultsRefractive error maps were produced for different ethnicities and a comparison with experimental results was undertaken. These showed the relationships between axial length and crystalline lens thickness, refractive index and curvatures of the cornea and lens.ConclusionsThe concept of refractive error maps may provide more insight into the refractive state of individuals and groups with provision for a comparative analysis. With further experimental data added, such refractive error maps could be used as a predictive tool.
Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase UGT86A1 promotes plant adaptation to salt and drought stresses
Authors: Ma Yuqing , Dong Guangrui , Zhao Shuman , Zhang Fengju , Ma Xinmei , Liu Chonglin , Ding Yi , Hou Bingkai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUDP‐glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are the largest glycosyltransferase family developed during the evolution of the plant kingdom. However, their physiological significance in abiotic stress adaptation in land plants is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a UGT gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, UGT86A1, that was significantly induced by salt and drought stresses. To explore the potential biological role of UGT86A1 in salt and drought stress response, we created ugt86a1 knockout mutants and UGT86A1‐overexpressing transgenic lines, and analyzed seed germination, seedling development and root growth. The results showed that ugt86a1 mutants are sensitive to drought and salt stresses, while overexpression lines show stronger resistance compared with WT, confirming the positive regulation role of UGT86A1 in abiotic stress response. Our following study indicated that UGT86A1 enhances plant resistance against salt and drought stresses via increasing soluble sugar concentration and promoting ROS scavenging capacity, thereby reducing the damage to plant organs and cells. Moreover, we identified that UGT86A1 largely contributes to the upregulation of multiple stress‐induced genes under salt and drought stress conditions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that UGT86A1 is a crucial responsive gene to salt and drought stresses in a land plant, thus promoting the understanding of the physiological significance of the UGT family in plant evolution.
This Crisis Is Different: Weakened Economic Accountability During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Singer Matthew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTClassic economic voting theories suggest Donald Trump would be held accountable for the recession during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. I argue, however, that traditional economic voting patterns were less important in 2020 than they otherwise would have been due to the pandemic. Three factors potentially reduced the economy's effect: the complicated and multifaceted nature of this crisis made it difficult to attribute responsibility to the president, the economy's salience fell as the public focused on other issues, and cash transfers cushioned households facing economic uncertainty. I test this expectation in three ways, and all show weak economic voting in 2020. President Trump was generally not held accountable for the personal economic dislocations such as job losses or income reductions individuals endured during the pandemic. The individual‐level connection between sociotropic evaluations and presidential approval weakened in 2020. Finally, President Trump's aggregate approval rating reflected consumer confidence before the pandemic but not during it. The electorate does not blindly hold the incumbent accountable for economic outcomes.
Cord blood for autologous transfusion in infants with congenital anomalies: Volumes, sterility, and stability during storage
Authors: Nelson Olivia , Jones Rebecca , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Rintoul Natalie E. , Hedrick Holly L. , Kumar Sara , Helton Rachel , Zhang Bingqing , Linder Grace , Simpao Allan F. , Stricker Paul A. , Chou Stella T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeonates with congenital anomalies frequently require perioperative allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Whole cord blood for autologous transfusion to neonates may provide an alternative RBC source, but whether sufficient volumes can be collected after delayed cord clamping to reduce allogeneic RBC requirements is unknown.Study Design and MethodsInclusion criteria were mothers delivering a viable infant >34 weeks' gestation. Sterile cord blood collection from the umbilical cord was performed at delivery as per routine obstetric indications. During storage at 4°C, we performed weekly blood gases. Blood culture, complete blood count, and hemolysis tests were performed at baseline and day 21. We compared the whole cord blood volume collected with each infant's allogeneic transfusion requirements.Results54 collection attempts yielded 49 collections with a mean volume of 54.1 mL (±20.3) after median delayed cord clamping of 46 seconds (IQR 12.0, 60.0). Among 39 blood cultures obtained, 3 grew organisms after vaginal delivery (3/27, 11.0% vs. 0/12, 0% cesarean delivery, p = .54). Hemolysis was stable during storage (baseline vs. day 21, median [IQR], 0.7% [0.4%–0.9%] vs. 0.7% [0.6%–1.1%], p = .08).ConclusionsWhole cord blood collection following delayed cord clamping was feasible, with volumes equal to 16.7 mL/kg, or one transfusion. Hemolysis was low, and although potassium increased during storage, it was consistent with patterns observed with adult donor stored whole blood. There were no positive blood cultures from collections during cesarean deliveries. Studies are needed to determine whether whole cord blood transfusions improve patient outcomes.