bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Strategies to Improve Allergy First-Line Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Flores Emilio , López-Garrigos Maite , Blasco Álvaro , Fernández Javier , Leiva-Salinas Carlos , Salinas María 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
There are nonestablished protocols in use for first-line allergy screening based on IgE testing. These protocols attempt to address an unmet need for sustainability of clinical laboratories, at a time when demand is increasing.

Objective
To present a novel protocol for first-line allergy screening and to evaluate the implementation benefits for patients, the health care system, and payers.

Methods
We carried out an observational retrospective study analyzing 4359 interventions on primary care testing requests. Interventions included overriding redundant serum IgE (sIgE) testing for allergen mixes, extracts included in mixes, low-prevalence extracts, and milk and egg molecular components without previous positive results when exposed to extracts. We also added prevalent allergen testing.

Results
The strategy saved 683 tests from being performed unnecessarily. Test volume decline was primarily driven by the cancelation of 2186 egg and milk components tests; 561 tests were added for mixes, together with 942 allergen extracts tests.

Discussion
The results of this study show how the allergy laboratory plays a key role in actively managing demand for sIgE testing, leading to optimized diagnosis.
Lactulose in combination with soybean lecithin has a cryoprotective effect on probiotic taxa of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillaceae
Authors: Killer Jiří , Bunešová Věra Neužil , Modráčková Nikol , Vlková Eva , Pechar Radko , Šplíchal Igor 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lactulose is commonly used in pharmacy for constipation and hepatic encephalopathy treatment. The prebiotic effect of lactulose is also often mentioned. However, its cryoprotective effect in combination with lecithin on the main representatives of probiotics has not been tested yet. The 12 taxa of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillaceae members were used for the purpose. These were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 with lactulose + lecithin (finally 5.0% and 1.25%, respectively; LL). The 25% glycerol (G+) solution and cultures themselves were applied as positive and negative controls, respectively. Bacterial suspensions were stored at a mild freezing temperature (−20°C) until the end of the experiment (210th day). The LL solution had a comparable (insignificant difference at the P-value = 0.05) cryoprotective effect as the positive control in five of six bifidobacteria and in three of six representatives of Lactobacillaceae. The better cryoprotective effect was revealed in other Lactobacillaceae. At the end of the experiment, the generally accepted therapeutic minimum (&gt;107 Colony Forming Units/mL) was determined in LL solution in five bifidobacteria and four Lactobacillaceae strains. The presented results improve knowledge about long-term mild cryopreservation of the most commonly used probiotics and could contribute to developing new forms of (nutri)synbiotics.
AfSec1 is a signal peptidase and removes signal peptides of 1,3-β-glucanosyltransferases in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Kim Ki-Hwan , Kang Suzie , Seo Hyewon , Yun Cheol-Won 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To identify the infection mechanism of Aspergillus fumigatus, which is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, we analyzed the expression profile of the whole genome of A. fumigatus during the infection of murine macrophages. A previously reported RNA-seq data analysis showed that many genes involved in cell wall synthesis were upregulated during the infection process. Interestingly, AfSec1 (3g12840), which encodes a putative signal peptidase, was upregulated dramatically, and its putative target protein Gel1, which encodes a 1,3-β-glucanosyltransferase, was also upregulated. Instead of the AfSec1 deletion strain, the AfSec1-ΔP strain was constructed, in which the promoter region of AfSec1 was deleted, and AfSec1 expression was not detected in the AfSec1-ΔP strain. The expression of AfSec1 was recovered by the introduction of the promoter region (the AfSec1-ΔP/P strain). The nonprocessed form of Gel1 was identified in the AfSec1-ΔP strain, which lacked the promoter, but mature forms of Gel1 were found in the wild-type and in AfSec1-ΔP/P, which was the promoter complementation strain. In the plate assay, the AfSec1-ΔP strain showed higher sensitivity against caspofungin than the wild-type. However, compared with the wild-type, the deletion strain showed no difference in the sensitivity to other antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B and voriconazole, which inhibit different targets compared with caspofungin. The AfSec1-ΔP strain exhibited ∼20% lower levels of β-glucan in the cell wall than the wild-type. Finally, the virulence decreased when the promoter region of AfSec1 was deleted, as observed in the murine infection test and conidia-killing assay using human macrophages and neutrophils. These results suggest that AfSec1 exerts signal peptidase activity on its target Gel1 and has an important role in fungal pathogenesis.
Gravitational lensing in the presence of plasma scattering with application to Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Beniamini Paz 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We describe how gravitational lensing of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is affected by a plasma screen in the vicinity of the lens or somewhere between the source and the observer. Wave passage through a turbulent medium affects gravitational image magnification, lensing probability (particularly for strong magnification events), and the time delay between images. The magnification is suppressed because of the broadening of the angular size of the source due to scattering by the plasma. The time delay between images is modified as the result of different dispersion measures (DM) along photon trajectories for different images. Each of the image light curves is also broadened due to wave scattering so that the images could have distinct temporal profiles. The first two effects are most severe for stellar and sub-stellar mass lens, and the last one (scatter broadening) for lenses and plasma screens at cosmological distances from the source/observer. This could limit the use of FRBs to measure their cosmic abundance. On the other hand, when the time delay between images is large, such that the light curve of a transient source has two or more well-separated peaks, the different DMs along the wave paths of different images can probe density fluctuations in the IGM on scales ≲10−6 rad and explore the patchy reionization history of the universe using lensed FRBs at high redshifts. Different rotation measures (RM) along two-image paths can convert linearly polarized radiation from a source to partial circular polarization.
On the origin of the lump in circumbinary discs
Authors: Mignon-Risse Raphaël , Varniere Peggy , Casse Fabien 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Accreting binary black holes (BBHs) are multimessenger sources, emitting copious electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational waves. One of their most promising EM signatures is the light-curve modulation caused by a strong unique and extended azimuthal overdensity structure orbiting at the inner edge of the circumbinary disc (CBD), dubbed ‘lump’. In this paper, we investigate the origin of this structure using 2D general-relativistic (GR) hydrodynamical simulations of a CBD in an approximate BBH space–time. First, we use the symmetric mass-ratio case to study the transition from the natural m = 2 mode to m = 1. The asymmetry with respect to m = 2 grows exponentially, pointing to an instability origin. We indeed find that the CBD edge is prone to a (magneto)hydrodynamical instability owing to the disc edge density sharpness: the Rossby Wave Instability (RWI). The RWI criterion is naturally fulfilled at the CBD edge and we report the presence of vortices, which are typical structures of the RWI. The RWI is also at work in the asymmetric mass-ratio cases (from 0.1 to 0.5). However, the CBD edge sharpness decreases with a decreasing mass ratio, and so the lump. By proposing a scenario for this lump formation, our work further supports its existence in astrophysical CBDs and potential source for an EM signature of BBHs. Finally, because the RWI is not caused by GR effects, it is also a robust candidate for the lump origin in CBDs around non-compact objects, e.g. binary protostars.
Mapping progenitors of binary black holes and neutron stars with binary population synthesis
Authors: Weller Miqaela K , Johnson Jennifer A 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The first directly observed gravitational wave event, GW150914, featuring the merger of two massive black holes, highlighted the need to determine how these systems of compact remnant binaries are formed. We use the binary population synthesis code Compact Object Synthesis and Monte Carlo Investigation Code (COSMIC) to predict the types of massive stars that will show significant radial velocity (RV) variations, indicative of a potential compact object (i.e. a black hole or neutron star) orbiting the star. We ‘observe’ the binaries generated in the populations with a similar number of epochs and RV accuracy as planned for the Milky Way Mapper (MWM) survey. In this analysis, we are especially interested in systems where a compact remnant is orbiting a massive O or B star as these systems survived the first supernova and neutron star kick. We test the ability of the Milky Way Mapper observing strategy to distinguish among different mass-loss and kick prescriptions. We find that Wolf–Rayet stars or hot subdwarfs in binaries could be detectable (i.e. luminous, high ΔRVmax), viable progenitors of such objects, while the different prescriptions primarily affect the number of sources.
Carbon depletion in the early Solar system
Authors: Binkert Fabian , Birnstiel Til 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Earth and other rocky objects in the inner Solar system are depleted in carbon compared to objects in the outer Solar system, the Sun, or the ISM. It is believed that this is a result of the selective removal of refractory carbon from primordial circumstellar material. In this work, we study the irreversible release of carbon into the gaseous environment via photolysis and pyrolysis of refractory carbonaceous material during the disc phase of the early Solar system. We analytically solve the one-dimensional advection equation and derive an explicit expression that describes the depletion of carbonaceous material in solids under the influence of radial and vertical transport. We find both depletion mechanisms individually fail to reproduce Solar system abundances under typical conditions. While radial transport only marginally restricts photodecomposition, it is the inefficient vertical transport that limits carbon depletion under these conditions. We show explicitly that an increase in the vertical mixing efficiency, and/or an increase in the directly irradiated disc volume, favours carbon depletion. Thermal decomposition requires a hot inner disc (&gt;500 K) beyond 3 au to deplete the formation region of Earth and chondrites. We find FU Ori-type outbursts to produce these conditions such that moderately refractory compounds are depleted. However, such outbursts likely do not deplete the most refractory carbonaceous compounds beyond the innermost disc region. Hence, the refractory carbon abundance at 1 au typically does not reach terrestrial levels. Nevertheless, under specific conditions, we find photolysis and pyrolysis combined to reproduce Solar system abundances.
Single-pulse studies of three millisecond pulsars
Authors: Palliyaguru N T , Perera B B P , McLaughlin M A , Osłowski S , Siebert G L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Single-pulse studies are important to understand the pulsar emission mechanism and the noise floor in precision timing. We study total intensity and polarimetry properties of three bright millisecond pulsars – PSRs J1022+1001, J1713+0747, and B1855+09 – that have detectable single pulses at multiple frequencies. We report for the first time the detection of single pulses from PSRs J1022+1001 and J1713+0747 at 4.5 GHz. In addition, for those two pulsars, the fraction of linear polarization in the average profile is significantly reduced at 4.5 GHz, compared to 1.38 GHz, which could support the expected deviation from a dipolar field closer to the pulsar surface. There is a hint of orthogonal modes in the single pulses of PSR J1713+0747. More sensitive multifrequency observations may be useful to confirm these findings. The jitter noise contributions at 1.38 GHz, scaled to one hour, for PSRs J1022+1001, J1713+0747, and B1855+09 are ≈135, ≈45, and ≈60 ns, respectively and are consistent with previous studies. We also show that selective bright-pulse timing of PSR J1022+1001 yields improved root-mean-square residuals of ≈22 $\mu$s, which is a factor of ≈3 better than timing using single pulses alone.
Binary microlensing with plasma environment – star and planet
Authors: Sun Jiarui , Er Xinzhong , Tsupko Oleg Yu 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Galactic microlensing has been widely used to study stars and planets. The stellar wind plays an important role in the formation, environment, and habitability of the planet. In this work, we study a binary microlensing system including the stellar wind, i.e. a star with a plasma environment plus a planet. Plasma surrounding the main lens causes chromatic deflection of the light rays, in addition to the gravitational one. As a result, such a lensing system can generate complicated caustics that depend on the different lensing parameters. In this work, we study the magnification curves for different traces of the background source and compare the transitions of the formation of ‘hill and hole’ in the magnification curves. We find that the plasma will cause extra caustic, shrink the central caustics generated by the star, and push the caustic by the planet outwards. Observations and modelling of binary microlensing curves with taking plasma effect into account can provide a potential method to study the plasma environment of the stars. In case of a high plasma density of the stellar wind, the plasma lensing effects will be observable in the sub-mm band.
Intrinsic correlations of galaxy sizes in a hydrodynamical cosmological simulation
Authors: Johnston Harry , Westbeek Dana Sophia , Weide Sjoerd , Chisari Nora Elisa , Dubois Yohan , Devriendt Julien , Pichon Christophe 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Residuals between measured galactic radii and those predicted by the Fundamental Plane (FP) are possible tracers of weak lensing magnification. However, observations have shown these to be systematically correlated with the large-scale structure. We use the Horizon-AGN hydrodynamical cosmological simulation to analyse these intrinsic size correlations (ISCs) for both elliptical (early-type) and spiral (late-type) galaxies at $z$ = 0.06. We fit separate FPs to each sample, finding similarly distributed radius residuals, λ, in each case. We find persistent λλ correlations over three-dimensional separations $0.5\hbox{--}17\, h^{-1}\, {\rm {Mpc}}$ in the case of spiral galaxies, at &gt;3σ significance. When relaxing a mass-selection, applied for better agreement with galaxy clustering constraints, the spiral λλ detection strengthens to 9σ; we detect a 5σ density-λ correlation; and we observe intrinsically-large spirals to cluster more strongly than small spirals over scales ${\lesssim}10\, h^{-1}\, {\rm {Mpc}}$ at &gt;5σ significance. Conversely, and in agreement with the literature, we observe lower-mass, intrinsically-small ellipticals to cluster more strongly than their large counterparts over scales $0.5\hbox{--}17\, h^{-1}\, {\rm {Mpc}}$ at &gt;5σ significance. We model λλ correlations using a phenomenological non-linear size model, and predict the level of contamination for cosmic convergence analyses. We find the systematic contribution to be of similar order to, or dominant over the cosmological signal. We make a mock measurement of an intrinsic, systematic contribution to the projected surface mass density Σ(r), and find statistically significant low-amplitude, positive (negative) contributions from lower-mass spirals (ellipticals), which may be of concern for large-scale (${\gtrsim}7\, h^{-1}$ Mpc) measurements.
Matching the mass function of Milky Way satellites in competing dark matter models
Authors: Lovell Mark R , Zavala Jesús 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Any successful model of dark matter must explain the diversity of observed Milky Way (MW) satellite density profiles, from very dense ultrafaints to low-density satellites so large that they could be larger than their inferred dark matter haloes. Predictions for these density profiles are complicated by the limitations of simulation resolution in the stripping of subhaloes by the MW system. We consider cold dark matter (CDM), warm dark matter (WDM, 3.3 keV thermal relic power spectrum), and a self-interacting dark matter model (SIDM) that induces gravothermal collapse in low-mass subhaloes. Using N-body simulations combined with a halo stripping algorithm, we find that most CDM and WDM subhaloes of mass &gt;108 ${\, \rm M_\odot }$ are large enough after stripping to fit most satellites; however, the required amount of stripping often requires a stronger tidal field than is available on the subhalo’s orbit. The lower concentrations of WDM subhaloes enable more stripping to take place, even on orbits with large pericentres. SIDM cores offer the best fits to massive, low-density satellites at the expense of predicting &gt;109 ${\, \rm M_\odot }$ subhaloes to host low-density satellites with no observed analogue. The agreement of the total number of satellites with observations in CDM and WDM depends strongly on the assumptions made to draw the observational estimates. We conclude that an SIDM model must have a very high velocity-dependent cross-section in order to match all satellites, and that WDM offers a marginally better fit than CDM to the MW satellite mass function.
A mixed stirring mechanism for debris discs with giant and dwarf planetary perturbations
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Marco A , Marshall Jonathan P , Peimbert Antonio 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Debris discs consist of belts of bodies ranging in size from dust grains to planetesimals; these belts are visible markers of planetary systems around other stars that can reveal the influence of extrasolar planets through their shape and structure. Two key stirring mechanisms – self-stirring by planetesimals and secular perturbation by an external giant planet – have been identified to explain the dynamics of planetesimal belts; their relative importance has been studied independently, but are yet to be considered in combination. In this work, we perform a suite of 286 N-body simulations exploring the evolution of debris discs over 1 Gyr, combining the gravitational perturbations of both dwarf planets embedded in the discs, and an interior giant planet. Our systems were somewhat modelled after the architecture of the outer Solar system: a Solar mass star, a single massive giant planet at 30 au (MGP = 10 to 316 M⊕), and a debris disc formed by 100 massive dwarf planets and 1000 massless particles (MDD = 3.16 to 31.6 M⊕). We present the evolution of both the disc and the giant planet after 1 Gyr. The time evolution of the average eccentricity and inclination of the disc is strongly dependent on the giant planet mass as well as on the remaining disc mass. We also found that efficient stirring is achieved even with small disc masses. In general, we find that a mixed mechanism is more efficient in the stirring of cold debris discs than either mechanism acting in isolation.
Quantifying the redshift space distortion of the bispectrum III : detection prospects of the multipole moments
Authors: Mazumdar Arindam , Sarkar Debanjan , Bharadwaj Somnath 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The redshift space anisotropy of the bispectrum is generally quantified using multipole moments. The possibility of measuring these multipoles in any survey depends on the level of statistical fluctuations. We compute the statistical fluctuations in the measurement of bispectrum multipoles for a Euclid like galaxy survey based on second-order perturbation theory and present two quantities: the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which quantifies the detectability of a multipole and the rank correlation which quantifies the correlation in measurement errors between any two multipoles. Based on SNR values, we find that Euclid can potentially measure the bispectrum multipoles up to ℓ = 4 across various triangle shapes, formed by the three k vectors in Fourier space. In general, SNR is maximum for the linear triangles. SNR values also depend on the scales and redshifts of observation. While, ℓ ≤ 2 multipoles can be measured with SNR &gt; 5 even at linear/quasi-linear ($k_1 \lesssim 0.1 \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$) scales, for ℓ &gt; 2 multipoles, we require to go to small scales or need to increase bin sizes. These estimates are based on bins of extent Δln k1 = 0.1, Δμ = 0.05, and Δt = 0.05, where k1 is the length of the largest side, and (μ, t), respectively, quantify the size and shape of the triangles. For most multipole pairs, the errors are only weakly correlated across much of the triangle shapes barring a few in the vicinity of squeezed and stretched triangles. This makes it possible to combine the measurements of different multipoles to increase the effective SNR.
Cis- andTrans-variations of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Provide New Insights into the Mechanisms of Diverged Pattern of Phenotypic Plasticity for Temperature Adaptation in Two Congeneric Oyster Species
Authors: Wang Chaogang , Li Ao , Cong Rihao , Qi Haigang , Wang Wei , Zhang Guofan , Li Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe evolution of phenotypic plasticity plays an essential role in adaptive responses to climate change; however, its regulatory mechanisms in marine organisms which exhibit high phenotypic plasticity still remain poorly understood. The temperature-responsive trait oleic acid content and its major gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) expression have diverged in two allopatric congeneric oyster species, cold-adapted Crassostrea gigas and warm-adapted Crassostrea angulata. In this study, genetic and molecular methods were used to characterize fatty acid desaturation and membrane fluidity regulated by oyster Scd. Sixteen causative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the promoter/cis-region of the Scd between wild C. gigas and C. angulata. Further functional experiments showed that an SNP (g.-333C [C. gigas allele] &gt;T [C. angulata allele]) may influence Scd transcription by creating/disrupting the binding motif of the positive trans-factor Y-box factor in C. gigas/C. angulata, which mediates the higher/lower constitutive expression of Scd in C. gigas/C. angulata. Additionally, the positive trans-factor sterol-regulatory element–binding proteins (Srebp) were identified to specifically bind to the promoter of Scd in both species, and were downregulated during cold stress in C. gigas compared to upregulated in C. angulata. This partly explains the relatively lower environmental sensitivity (plasticity) of Scd in C. gigas. This study serves as an experimental case to reveal that both cis- and trans-variations shape the diverged pattern of phenotypic plasticity, which provides new insights into the formation of adaptive traits and the prediction of the adaptive potential of marine organisms to future climate change.