bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Versus Atypical Speech Sound Development: A Markedness-Based Analysis of Speech Sound Disorder in Cantonese
Authors: Maggu Akshay R. , Shi Xinyuan , Kager Rene , Wong Patrick C. M. , To Carol K. S. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Speech sound disorder (SSD) is one of the major speech disorders in school-age children. Given the heterogeneity in terms of subtypes within SSD, there is a need to develop techniques for a quick identification of these subtypes. Furthermore, given the paucity of studies from children with SSD from Cantonese-speaking homes and a noted prevalence of SSDs in Cantonese-speaking children, it becomes even more important to investigate the subtypes of SSDs in Cantonese-speaking children. In the current study, using a combined traditional ranking-based and novel weightage-based optimality theory (OT) approach, we conducted an inquiry in Cantonese-speaking 3- to 6-year-olds with and without SSD.

Method:

We compared the speech sound productions from 31 children with SSD (3 years old:
n
= 12; 4 years old:
n
= 9; 5 years old:
n
= 10) with 30 typically developing children (3 years old:
n
= 9; 4 years old:
n
= 10; 5 years old:
n
= 11). Speech samples were analyzed using a ranking-based and weightage-based OT approach.

Results:
Using the markedness hierarchy among affricates, fricatives, and plosives, we found that 77.4% of children in the SSD group conformed to the “delay” subtype, while 22.6% of children within the SSD group conformed to the “atypical” subtype. More specifically, for the typically developing children and the SSD-delay subgroup, stopping, de-affrication, and de-aspiration were observed, and the weight difference between faithfulness and markedness constraints increased with age. On the contrary, for the SSD-atypical subgroup, frication, affrication, and aspiration were found, and the values of weight difference between constraints decreased with age.

Conclusions:
The findings from the current study suggest that the weightage-based Maximum Entropy grammar approach can delineate between the SSD subgroups (i.e., SSD-delay vs. SSD-atypical) defined by the ranking-based traditional OT approach. These findings offer a starting point into the development of objective tools for clinicians for detecting the SSD subgroups to make decisions on treatment type, as we speculate different treatment approaches for SSD-delay versus SSD-atypical subtypes.
Enhanced constant extinction angle control for subsequent commutation failure in LCC‐HVDC
Authors: Li Hao , Li Xiaohua , Ge Benjun , Sun Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo mitigate subsequent commutation failure (SCF) in line‐commutated converter‐based high‐voltage direct current transmission systems, the response and limitations of the control system are analysed. The results reveal that due to the prolonged negative deviation of the extinction angle during recovery, the integral output of the proportional–integral controller in constant extinction angle (CEA) significantly reduces the advanced firing angle order, even below normal operating angle. This directly leads to a delayed transition between control strategies and diminishes the effectiveness of CEA. Furthermore, the influence of fault severity, fault type, and AC system strength on SCF is examined. Based on these findings, an enhanced CEA control method to suppress SCF is proposed. By setting an expected firing angle and adaptively adjusting the integral parameter, the control strategy switching moment can be advanced, improving the CEA's control margin and enhancing capability. Moreover, introducing a notch filter reduces firing angle fluctuations and strengthens CEA's ability to suppress SCF. Finally, the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method are validated.
Exoplanets in reflected starlight with dual-field interferometry
Authors: Lacour S. , Carrión-González Ó. , Nowak M. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The direct observation of cold and temperate planets within 1 to 10 AU would be extremely valuable for uncovering their atmospheric compositions but remains a formidable challenge with current astronomical methods. Ground-based optical interferometry, capable of high angular-resolution imaging, offers a promising avenue for studying these exoplanets.
Aims. Our objective is to explore the fundamental limits of dual-field interferometry and assess its potential for characterising exoplanets in reflected light using the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI).
Methods. We developed analytical expressions to describe the performance of dual-field interferometry and integrated these with simulations of atmospheric wavefronts corrected by extreme adaptive optics. An analytical solution for optimal phase apodization was formulated to enhance starlight rejection when injected into a single-mode fibre. This framework was applied to determine the detectability of known exoplanets in reflected light across various wavelength bands for both the current VLTI and a proposed extended version.
Results. Our results indicate that employing shorter wavelengths improves detectability, enabling at least seven Jupiter-mass exoplanets to be observed in the J band with current VLTI’s baselines. Adding new baselines with lengths beyond 200 meters significantly enhances VLTI’s capabilities, increasing the number of detectable exoplanets and revealing potential habitable zone candidates such as τ Ceti e and Proxima Centauri b.
Conclusions. To substantially improve the VLTI’s exoplanet characterisation capabilities, we recommend developing instrumentation at wavelengths shorter than 1 µm, and increasing the baselines length by the addition of a fifth Unit Telescope (UT5).
The ALMA-ATOMS survey: Vibrationally excited HC3N lines in hot cores
Authors: Chen Li , Qin Sheng-Li , Liu Tie , Goldsmith Paul F. , Liu Xunchuan , Peng Yaping , Tang Xindi , Garay Guido , Kou Zhiping , Tang Mengyao , Sanhueza Patricio , Li Zi-Yang , Gorai Prasanta , Das Swagat R. , Bronfman Leonardo , Dewangan Lokesh , García Pablo , Li Shanghuo , Lee Chang Won , Liu Hong-Li , Tóth L. Viktor , Chibueze James O. , Hwang Jihye , Li Xiaohu , Xu Fengwei , Zou Jiahang , Jiao Wenyu , Zhang Zhenying , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Context. Interstellar molecules are excellent tools for studying the physical and chemical environments of massive star-forming regions. In particular, the vibrationally excited HC3N (HC3N*) lines are the key tracers for probing hot cores environments.
Aims. We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 3 mm observations of HC3N* lines in 60 hot cores and investigate how the physical conditions affect the excitation of HC3N* transitions.
Methods. We used the XCLASS for line identification. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, we derived the rotation temperature and column density of HC3N* transitions in hot cores. Additionally, we calculated the H2 column density and number density, along with the abundance of HC3N* relative to H2, to enable a comparison of the physical properties of hot cores with different numbers of HC3N* states.
Results. We have detected HC3N* lines in 52 hot cores, 29 of which show more than one vibrationally excited state. Hot cores with higher gas temperatures have more detections of these vibrationally excited lines. The excitation of HC3N* requires dense environments, and its spatial distribution is affected by the presence of UC HII regions. The observed column density of HC3N* contributes to the number of HC3N* states in hot-core environments.
Conclusions. After analyzing the various factors influencing HC3N* excitation in hot cores, we conclude that the excitation of HC3N* is mainly driven by mid-IR pumping, while collisional excitation is ineffective.
Hunting pre-stellar cores with APEX IRAS16293E (Oph464)
Authors: Spezzano S. , Redaelli E. , Caselli P. , Sipilä O. , Harju J. , Lique F. , Arzoumanian D. , Pineda J. E. , Wyrowski F. , Belloche A. 
Published: January 2025

Context. Pre-stellar cores are the first steps in the process of star and planet formation. However, the dynamical and chemical evolution of pre-stellar cores is still not well understood. Our partial knowledge of the chemical and physical structure of pre-stellar cores, as well as how they are fed and influenced by the surrounding environment, limits the level of knowledge that we can achieve at later stages in the star and planet formation process, from protostellar cores to exoplanets.
Aims. Our aims are to estimate the central density of the pre-stellar core IRAS16293E and to carry out an inventory of molecular species towards the density peak of the core.
Methods. We observed high-J rotational transitions of N2H+ and N2D+, and several other molecular lines towards the dust emission peak using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope, and derived the density and temperature profiles of the core using far-infrared surface brightness maps from Herschel. The N2H+ and N2D+ lines were analysed by non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer modelling.
Results. Our best-fit core model consists of a static inner region, embedded in an infalling envelope with an inner radius of approximately 3000 au (21″ at 141 pc). The observed high-J lines of N2H+ and N2D+ (with critical densities greater than 106 cm−3) turn out to be very sensitive to depletion; the present single-dish observations are best explained with no depletion of N2H+ and N2D+ in the inner core. The N2D+/N2H+ ratio that best reproduces our observations is 0.44, one of the highest observed to date in pre-stellar cores. Additionally, half of the molecules that we observed are deuterated isotopologues, confirming the high level of deuteration towards this source.
Conclusions. Non-LTE radiative transfer modelling of N2H+ and N2D+ lines proved to be an excellent diagnostic of the chemical structure (i.e. molecular freeze-out) and dynamics (infall velocity profile) of a pre-stellar core. Probing the physical conditions immediately before the protostellar collapse is a necessary reference for theoretical studies and simulations with the aim of understanding the earliest stages of star and planet formation and the timescale of this process.
A Novel Technique for Nasopharyngeal Stenosis Repair: Combined Transoral Robotic and Endonasal Approaches for Enhanced Visualization and Surgical Precision
Authors: Wagner Russel T. , Khalili Sammy , Henning Blake , Mundi Neil S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNasopharyngeal stenosis is a challenging condition characterized by a narrowed nasopharynx, leading to nasal congestion, impaired breathing, and recurrent sinus issues. In this report, we present a unique surgical approach that combines the use of both the Da Vinci Xi robot and a 70-degree nasal endoscope in a patient with a type II stenosis of the nasopharynx. The benefits of improved visualization, maneuverability, and precision of this novel combined approach are highlighted. It also highlights the benefit of using mitomycin C in minimizing the risk of re-stenosis. This previously undescribed technique can not only improve patient outcomes, but it also paves the way for future advancements and broader applications in robotically assisted procedures involving the skull base and oropharynx.
The Effect of Genotype Differences on Cardiac Involvement in Cases Diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Doğan Gizem , Sarıkaya Uzan Gamze , Güzin Yiğithan , Baydan Figen , Eliacık Kayı , Güven Barıs , Bakiler Ali Rahmi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aim Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequently seen muscular disease in childhood. Cardiac involvement is extremely important in terms of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Different studies have shown that mutations occurring in various exons are cardioprotective or increase cardiac involvement in DMD cases. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of genotype differences on cardiac involvement in patients diagnosed with DMD with genetic analysis.
Material and Method A retrospective analysis of DMD patients followed up in the Muscle Diseases Centre of Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital was done.
Results Evaluation was made of 120 male DMD patients with a mean age of 9.66 ± 5.10 years. According to the genetic analysis results, 76.7% deletions, 15.8% mutations, and 7.5% duplications were determined. Of the mutations determined, 65.8% were between exons 44 and 54, 17.5% between exons 1 and 18, and 9.2% between exons 19 and 43, 5.8% were non-sense mutations, and 1.7% were on exons >54. In the cases determined with cardiac involvement, the mean age of onset was 11.87 ± 3.11 years. When ejection fraction (EF) <56% or fractional shortening (FS) <28% was accepted as systolic dysfunction cardiac effect, 12.5% of the cases were determined with cardiac involvement. Of the cases determined with cardiac effects, 86.7% were aged >10 years. Electrocardiography was evaluated as normal in 54.5%, sinus tachycardia in 24.2%, short PR in 15.2%, and right and left ventricle hypertrophy in 8.1%. No statistically significant difference was determined in mutation types and location according to the age of cardiac involvement. The left ventricle (LV) posterior wall thickness value determined in the exon 44–54 group was higher than in DMD cases with other mutations. Although not statistically significant, an important result was that the LV posterior wall and IVSed values were evaluated to be high.
Conclusion The current study results and findings in literature have not found a clear relationship between genotypes and cardiac involvement in DMD cases.
Exploring Ionic Liquid-Based Liquid–Liquid Extraction as a Benign Alternative for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Padinhattath Sachind Prabha , Shaibuna M. , Gardas Ramesh L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe uncontrolled release of industrial effluents containing micropollutants (MPs), dyes, and heavy metal ions contaminates natural water bodies posing threats to health and the environment. Conventional treatment methods often struggle with challenges such as prolonged processing time, low specificity, and risk of producing secondary pollutants. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) technique utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) has emerged as a viable alternative for the elimination of contaminants from wastewater. ILs, characterized by minimal volatility and tunable physicochemical properties, facilitate the precise elimination of contaminants from industrial effluent. IL-LLE streamlines the experimental setup, lowers energy consumption, promotes recyclability for reuse, enhances mechanistic understanding, and hence provides a sustainable alternative to industrial effluent treatment. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of IL-LLE approaches for wastewater treatment,
commencing with an overview of the historical evolution of ILs, tracing their progression from initial research to contemporary and advanced applications. The article primarily examines the practical applications of IL-LLE, demonstrating how these approaches are employed to efficiently remove diverse contaminants from both simulated and actual industrial wastewater samples. As a whole, the review consolidates the versatility and efficiency of IL-based LLE in addressing various challenges in wastewater treatment.
Factors Predicting Recurrence and Resolution of Chronic SDH after Surgery
Authors: Vyas Shashin N. , Sharma Achal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is notoriously known to have high recurrence rates after surgery. We followed the course of 100 postoperative patients to determine the various stipulated factors associated with recurrence.
Materials and Methods In our study of 100 patients, there was a significant association with the size of SDH, amount of midline shift, increasing age, less duration of primary injury, and the increasing incidence of delayed resolution and recurrence. Also, the membrane of the patients with recurrent SDH was found to have a collection of neutrophils, plasma cells, histiocytes, and lymphocytes.
Conclusion Large size of SDH, increasing age, and recent injury were significant determining factors for delayed resolution and recurrence.
Safety and Efficacy of CT-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation of Large Angiomyolipomas: Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Dijkstra Madelon , Gentile Nicole T. , Gu Khloe , Peña Costantino S. , Narayanan Govindarajan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation of large renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs), three patients with large predominantly fat-containing AMLs measuring over 4 cm were treated with cryoablation. Two patients underwent cryoablation alone and one patient underwent selective arterial embolization followed by cryoablation. All patients were followed up with cross-sectional imaging. All procedures were performed safely and successfully. The first two patients had no side effects or complications. The third patient developed tachycardia following the procedure that required additional cardiac monitoring and resolved without difficulty. The follow-up imaging demonstrated reduction in size of the AMLs in all three patients. CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive, viable, and safe treatment option for large AMLs without a significant vascular component while improving the patient's clinical outcomes.
Ultrasensitive iontronic pressure sensor based on microstructure ionogel dielectric layer for wearable electronics
Authors: Kou Hairong , Pang Yuhang , Yang Libo , Zhang Xiaoyong , Shang Zhenzhen , Zhang Lei , Zhang Liang , Shi Yixin , Gui Zhiguo , Ye Youwen , Song Shijie 
Published: January 2025

Flexible pressure sensors show great promise for applications in such fields as electronic skin, healthcare, and intelligent robotics. Traditional capacitive pressure sensors, however, face the problem of low sensitivity, which limits their wider application. In this paper, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor with microstructured ionization layer is fabricated by a sandwich-type process, with a low-cost and simple process of inverted molding with sandpapers being used to form a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ionic film with double-sided microstructure as the dielectric layer of the sensor, with silver nanowires as electrodes. The operating mechanism of this iontronic pressure sensor is analyzed using a graphical method, and the sensor is tested on a pressure platform. The test results show that the sensor has ultrahigh pressure sensitivities of 3.744 and 1.689 kPa−1 at low (0–20 kPa) and high (20–800 kPa) pressures, respectively, as well as a rapid response time (100 ms), and it exhibits good stability and repeatability. The sensor can be used for sensitive monitoring of activities such as finger bending, and for facial expression (smile, frown) recognition, as well as speech recognition.
Structural properties and recrystallization effects in ion beam modified B20-type FeGe films
Authors: Liu Jiangteng , Schoell Ryan , Zhang Xiyue S. , Yang Hongbin , Venuti M. B. , Paik Hanjong , Muller David A. , Lu Tzu-Ming , Hattar Khalid , Eley Serena 
Published: January 2025

Disordered iron germanium (FeGe) has recently garnered interest as a testbed for a variety of magnetic phenomena as well as for use in magnetic memory and logic applications. This is partially owing to its ability to host skyrmions and antiskyrmions—nanoscale whirlpools of magnetic moments that could serve as information carriers in spintronic devices. In particular, a tunable skyrmion–antiskyrmion system may be created through precise control of the defect landscape in B20-phase FeGe, motivating the development of methods to systematically tune disorder in this material and understand the ensuing structural properties. To this end, we investigate a route for modifying magnetic properties in FeGe. In particular, we irradiate epitaxial B20-phase FeGe films with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions, which creates a dispersion of amorphized regions that may preferentially host antiskyrmions at densities controlled by the irradiation fluence. To further tune the disorder landscape, we conduct a systematic electron diffraction study with in situ annealing, demonstrating the ability to recrystallize controllable fractions of the material at temperatures ranging from ∼150 to 250 °C. Finally, we describe the crystallization kinetics using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model, finding that the growth of crystalline grains is consistent with diffusion-controlled one-to-two dimensional growth with a decreasing nucleation rate.
Structural health detection sensor based on RFID technology
Authors: Wang Bo , Yuan Yifeng , Wang Ke , Cao Shengli , Song Yalun , Feng Male 
Published: January 2025

In order to achieve structural health monitoring, a frequency-domain-based chipless radio-frequency identification sensor has been studied. The sensor is composed of an octagonal patch antenna and a Taconic CER-10 substrate, with overall dimensions of 24 × 24 × 1.27 mm3. Crack detection and strain detection simulations were conducted in the 3–6 and 6–12 GHz dual-frequency bands using HFSS. The results show that the sensor's resonant frequency decreases under tensile strain and increases under compressive strain. As the width, depth, and length of structural cracks increase, the sensor's resonant frequency shifts to lower frequencies. The designed structural health monitoring sensor can detect structural strain and damage with millimeter-level resolution through resonant frequency shifts. The sensor's maximum strain capacities under three different mechanical strains are −40% to 90%, −70% to 120%, and −40% to 90%, respectively. The sensor can detect changes in crack width, depth, and length without deformation, demonstrating a linear relationship between crack expansion and resonant frequency.
Mercury in an Australian sclerophyll Eucalyptus forest and emissions from fuel reduction prescribed burning
Authors: Taylor James R. , Schneider Larissa , Fostier Anne-Helene , Keith Heather , Cao Fei , Davies Peter , Cary Geoffrey J. , Haberle Simon G. , Lawrence Susan 
Published: January 2025

Environmental context Understanding how mercury cycles through the environment is crucial for protecting ecosystems and human health. Our study is among the first to measure mercury concentrations in Eucalyptus forest soils and litter and estimate emissions from prescribed burns, addressing a significant gap in current knowledge. These new data enhance our understanding of mercury cycling in Australia and contribute to the global information on the biogeochemical cycle of mercury. Rationale Research on mercury in Australian soils and litter is sparse. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating mercury pools in soil and litter in a eucalypt forest in Victoria, Australia. Methodology We analysed total mercury concentrations in O and A horizon soils, and twig, bark and leaf litter. Soil samples were collected from an area affected by a prescribed burn and unburned areas. Additionally, soil samples from the base of tree stems were taken in unburned areas. The organic matter content of all soil samples was also assessed. Results In unburned soils, mean mercury concentrations at the base of tree stems, in the O-horizon and A horizon were 143 ± 61, 112 ± 71 and 56 ± 30 ng g−1 respectively. In burned soils, mean mercury concentrations in the O and A horizons were 91 ± 63 and 46 ± 19 ng g−1 respectively. Mercury concentrations in leaf, bark and twig litter averaged 71 ± 11, 21 ± 13 and 8 ± 4 ng g−1 respectively. The emission factor was estimated as 0.247 g Hg ha−1. Discussion The studied sclerophyll forest represents a significant mercury reservoir. Burning did not significantly alter the mercury burden in soil; however, emissions of mercury from litter did occur. This finding underscores the need for more comprehensive research into mercury cycling in Australia and suggests that prescribed burning practices should account for potential mercury emissions.