bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on multi‐benefit water reuse systems: A confluence of water and wastewater management planning
Authors: Bunney Sarah , Melville‐Shreeve Peter , Chisholm Alastair , Cotterill Sarah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe multiple benefits of water reuse have yet to be fully realized in our urban water management systems. One pathway to optimal implementation is to plan for their integration with wider assets in water resource or drainage and wastewater management plans. This paper explores the perspectives of water resource and wastewater management planners. Qualitative data was gathered from a workshop organized by the Chartered Institution for Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) with 25 participants from England's Water Service Providers (WSPs), regulators (Ofwat and the Environment Agency) and consultants working within the UK water sector. The participants acknowledged that water reuse is relevant to both water resource and drainage and wastewater management planning, but that current regulatory and funding frameworks are constraining effective engagement between water resource and drainage and wastewater management planners by encouraging the development of separate plans. A general consensus of the participants was that it would be beneficial to include water reuse technology within current and future Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs) and Drainage and Wastewater Management Plans (DWMPs). Participants suggested this could be developed through collaborative working partnerships and support from regulatory and funding frameworks that allow for the growth and development of innovative technologies and nature‐based solutions. Participants also highlighted a stronger economic case could be made for water reuse technologies if the approach seeks to capture the wider benefits and not only the ‘best value’ solution. Societal acceptance and the availability of good quality data will be key to the successful adoption of any incentivized water reuse schemes.
Direct intraoperative measurement of isometric contractile properties in living human muscle
Authors: Binder‐Markey Benjamin I. , Persad Lomas S. , Shin Alexander Y. , Litchy William J. , Kaufman Kenton R. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle's isometric contractile properties are one of the classic structure–function relationships in all of biology allowing for extrapolation of single fibre mechanical properties to whole muscle properties based on the muscle's optimal fibre length and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA). However, this relationship has only been validated in small animals and then extrapolated to human muscles, which are much larger in terms of length and PCSA. The present study aimed to measure directly the in situ properties and function of the human gracilis muscle to validate this relationship. We leveraged a unique surgical technique in which a human gracilis muscle is transferred from the thigh to the arm, restoring elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury. During this surgery, we directly measured subject specific gracilis muscle force–length relationship in situ and properties ex vivo. Each subject's optimal fibre length was calculated from their muscle's length‐tension properties. Each subject's PCSA was calculated from their muscle volume and optimal fibre length. From these experimental data, we established a human muscle fibre‐specific tension of 171 kPa. We also determined that average gracilis optimal fibre length is 12.9 cm. Using this subject‐specific fibre length, we observed an excellent fit between experimental and theorical active length‐tension curves. However, these fibre lengths were about half of the previously reported optimal fascicle lengths of 23 cm. Thus, the long gracilis muscle appears to be composed of relatively short fibres acting in parallel that may not have been appreciated based on traditional anatomical methods.
imageKey points
Skeletal muscle's isometric contractile properties represent one of the classic structure–function relationships in all of biology and allow scaling single fibre mechanical properties to whole muscle properties based on the muscle's architecture.
This physiological relationship has only been validated in small animals but is often extrapolated to human muscles, which are orders of magnitude larger.
We leverage a unique surgical technique in which a human gracilis muscle is transplanted from the thigh to the arm to restore elbow flexion after brachial plexus injury, aiming to directly measure muscles properties in situ and test directly the architectural scaling predictions.
Using these direct measurements, we establish human muscle fibre‐specific tension of ∼170 kPa.
Furthermore, we show that the gracilis muscle actually functions as a muscle with relatively short fibres acting in parallel vs. long fibres as previously assumed based on traditional anatomical models.
Quantifying Stent Wall Shear Stress for Assessing Stent and Flow Diverter Performance for Treating Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Suess Taylor , Gent Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAnalysis of flow diverting intracranial aneurysm repair devices has traditionally focused on reducing intrasaccular blood flow velocity and aneurysm wall shear stress (WSS) as the primary metrics for improved perceived device performance. However, the interpretation of this data has been debated, particularly with regard to the specific biological benefits of high or low aneurysm WSS. Therefore, this research proposes an additional parameter of WSS at the stent struts that could provide valuable insight regarding the device's potential to promote occlusion at the aneurysm neck by indicating locations of increased platelet activation and microparticle shedding. Fluid flow effects were evaluated for two flow diverters (Pipeline™ and FRED™) and three stents (Enterprise™, Atlas™, and LVIS™) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models developed from two patient-derived CTA datasets with aneurysms in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and basilar artery (BA), respectively. The device WSS data provides an additional metric for evaluating the ability of the device to constrain the blood flow within the main vessel, as well as indicating potential locations of the initiation of aneurysm occlusion. It is hypothesized that high device WSS close to the aneurysm neck creates a higher likelihood of thrombus formation and aneurysm occlusion due to platelet activation and microparticle shedding, while high device WSS proximal or distal on the device would indicate a higher likelihood of undesirable daughter vessel occlusion. Conversely, low-to-moderate device WSS throughout the device length could be interpreted as a reduced likelihood of complete occlusion of the aneurysm over time, resulting in lesser device performance.
Numerical Study of Two-Stage Temperature Control Strategy for High-Temperature Stability of Satellite-Borne Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Chang Kaifeng , Li Yun-Ze , Wang Weishu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) are widely used in attitude control systems of spacecraft such as satellites and Mars rovers for their superior spatial adaptability. However, changes in ambient temperature can cause errors in the FOG and reduce its output accuracy. In this paper, a fuzzy two-stage temperature control strategy applied to a satellite-borne three-axis integrated fiber optic gyroscope (TAIFOG) is proposed. And the control rules of the fuzzy two-stage temperature controller are described in detail. A thermodynamic model that can quickly and accurately respond to the dynamic thermal characteristics of the satellite-borne TAIFOG is also constructed based on the lumped method. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy two-stage temperature control strategy in improving the temperature stability of the satellite-borne TAIFOG in orbit is verified through numerical studies. Numerical results show that this fuzzy two-stage active temperature control strategy can fundamentally improve the thermal state of the satellite-borne TAIFOG and ensure that its sensitive element fiber optic coils maintain high-temperature stability while the TAIFOG is in orbit. In addition, the startup time of TAIFOG is reduced to 308 s compared to the case without active temperature control, which is a reduction of 96.27%. This active temperature control strategy is well suited for engineering applications to improve FOG output accuracy.
Fluidic Thrust Vector Control of Aerospace Vehicles: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Prospects
Authors: Das Arnab K. , Acharyya Kaustubh , Mankodi Tapan K. , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An efficient propulsion system holds the key to the smooth operation of any aerospace vehicle over different flight regimes. Apart from generating the necessary thrust, emphasis has also been laid on vectoring the direction of thrust. The primitive modes of thrust vectoring chiefly focused on mechanical means such as the use of gimbals or hinges. The current state-of-the-art technologies demand more efficient methods for thrust vectoring, which minimize the use of mechanical components. These methods termed fluidic thrust vector control methods, employ secondary jets for achieving the required attitude, and trajectory of the aerospace vehicles such as aircraft, rockets, and missiles. Such methods have greatly helped in reducing vehicle weight, vehicle maintenance requirements, and enhancement of stealth characteristics of such vehicles. This work presents a review of the various fluidic thrust vectoring systems, starting with a brief overview of traditional thrust vectoring systems, followed by a discussion on the various aspects of fluidic thrust vectoring systems. It also highlights the effect of the various geometrical and operating conditions on the performance parameters of the thrust vectoring system such as the thrust vector angle, system thrust ratio, and thrust vectoring efficiency among others. For ensuring the comprehensive character of this work, synthetic jet vectoring techniques have also been included due to their nonmechanical nature and similarities with purely fluidic thrust vectoring techniques.
Neutronic and Thermal-Fluidic Analyses for an Additive Manufactured Reactor With SiC Matrix and TRISO Particle Fuel
Authors: Han Wenbin , Deng Jian , Lu Qi , Chen Chong , Xu Youyou , Zhang Tao , Huang Shanfang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a transformational digital manufacturing technology featured with rapidity, customizability, precision, and economy, which is fundamentally altering the way components are designed and manufactured. AM enables the freedom of design, and makes full use of complexity of geometry which “comes for free”. Applying AM technology to nuclear industry can yield advanced reactor designs with function and structure matched for the best thermal, fluidic and mechanical performance. In this work, an AM-informed reactor core design with silicon carbide (SiC) matrix and tri-structural isotropic (TRISO) particle fuel is proposed and analyzed. The core is an integrated 3D-printed SiC bulk with helical cruciform coolant channels, and the UO2-bearing TRISO fuel particles are dispersed in the bulk. A multiphysics analysis framework for irregular geometry is developed to analyze and further optimize the reactor design. The TRISO particle positions are generated with discrete element method (DEM). The Reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC) and the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software star-ccm+ are used for the neutronic and thermal-fluidic analyses, respectively. RMC simulates the neutron transport to predict the effective multiplication factor and power distribution. star-ccm+ calculates the flow and heat transfer in coolant channels and heat conduction in solid matrix with the power distribution as the heat source. Preliminary results show that the power peaking factor FQ decreases below 1.65, the heat transfer area increases by 30.3% and the fuel peaking temperature decreases by 25 K. The optimized AM-informed design enjoys better neutronic and thermal-fluidic performance than those with regular geometry.
Integral Hydro-Bulge Forming Method of Spherical Pressure Vessels Using a Triangle Patch Polyhedron
Authors: Jing Yang , Kong Chenghai , Guan Jingchao , Zhao Wei , Zhao Xilu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes an integral hydrobulge forming (IHBF) method using a triangular patch polyhedron as the closed preform shell. When triangular flat parts are welded along the edges in sequence, triangular patch polyhedra are naturally formed. From the radius of the spherical pressure vessel, a design formula was derived to calculate the side lengths of the triangular flat plate parts. The water pressure, water volume, average strain of molding, and amount of springback after molding, which are necessary for implementing the IHBF for practical use, were also formulated. To verify the forming performance of the spherical pressure vessel using IHBF method, the finite element method was carried out, and a stainless-steel spherical pressure vessel with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of approximately 500 mm was fabricated using the proposed IHBF method. As a result, the measured shape error expressed as roundness to diameter ratio was 0.52%, and the calculated average plastic strain was 0.02, which was approximately 1/19 times of the forming limit strain of the material. The amount of springback after forming by calculation was approximately 0.7 mm, indicating that the amount of water required for IHBF was 5.90% of the volume of the spherical pressure vessel, while the required water pressure was no bigger than 2.3 MPa. The process directly utilizes triangular flat plate parts, eliminating the need for molds to process closed preform shells resulting in a low average plastic strain during forming, thereby improving the quality of the formed spherical pressure vessels.
Random Fatigue Analysis of Cryogenic Liquid Tanker Under Road Spectrum Load and a Simplified Algorithm
Authors: Gao Bingjun , Wang Tong , Fu Xinghua , Dong Junhua , Chen Xu , Yu Chulin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lightweight of liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanker can reduce transportation cost and improve transportation efficiency. However, in lightweight design, the random vibration analysis based on fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is difficult, which demands to be effectively solved by simplifying the finite element model and load. The vibration test and fluid–structure interaction modal numerical analysis of a tanker model were carried out, respectively, and the results are in good agreement. Taking the DC18 LNG tanker as an example, the random vibration response analysis was carried out based on the fluid–structure interaction modal numerical analysis, and the random fatigue damage coefficient of the support region of the inner container was obtained, which was used as the benchmark for the model and load simplification. The finite element model of the LNG tanker was simplified by applying the equivalent liquid mass to the walls of the inner container in the form of density. It is found that when the equivalent liquid mass ratio is 40%, the random vibration response characteristics of the DC18 LNG tanker are close to the actual structure. In the static calculation of the simplified model, the stress response of the container support area is close to the actual structural when the equivalent road spectrum load is 0.95 g vertical acceleration. In this case, the stress result and the overall damage coefficient equivalent to the actual structure can be obtained just by static calculation, which greatly simplifies the solution process.
On Rastall gravity formulation as a $$f(R,\mathcal {L}_m)$$ and a f(R, T) theory
Authors: Fabris Júlio C. , Piattella Oliver F. , Rodrigues Davi C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRastall introduced a stress-energy tensor whose divergence is proportional to the gradient of the Ricci scalar. This proposal leads to a change in the form of the field equations of General Relativity, but it preserves the number of degrees of freedom. Rastall’s field equations can be either interpreted as GR with a redefined SET, or it can imply different physical consequences inside the matter sector. We investigate limits under which the Rastall field equations can be directly derived from an action, in particular from twof(R)-gravity extensions:$$f(R,\mathcal L_m)$$f(R,Lm)andf(R, T). We show that there are similarities between these theories, but the Rastall SET cannot be fully recovered from them, apart from certain particular cases here discussed. It is remarkable that a simple, covariant and invertible redefinition of the SET, as the one proposed by Rastall, is hard to be directly implemented in the action.
Integrated Information System for 3D Interactive Reconstruction of an Archaeological Site
Authors: Calzado-Martínez Alberto , García-Fernández Ángel-Luis , Ortega-Alvarado Lidia M. , Feito-Higueruela Francisco-Ramón 
Published: March 2023

Archaeological recording is intended to preserve as much information as possible about the finds. However, once the pieces are removed from the site, there is information regarding the original positioning of these pieces that may be lost or not accurately recorded and can be relevant for further studies. This spatial arrangement can also be crucial for subsequent piece restoration or to understand certain aspects of ancient cultures.
In this article, we describe a software prototype and a methodology to virtually reconstruct an archaeological site for posterity, once it has been excavated. The system is implemented with a client-server architecture. In the server, a spatial database stores and manages the three-dimensional (3D) models of the finds, as well as several 3D site ground surface models acquired at different times during the excavation process. On the client side, a graphical interface allows the user to manipulate the find models to re-create and virtually reconstruct the original spatial arrangement of the archaeological site. Topological relationships among the finds are stored in the database to provide further spatial analysis. The result is an integrated information system that goes beyond 3D visualization, making the site last for posterity after its excavation and allowing further spatial analysis.
Mappings Ideal of Type the Domain of Generalized

p
,
q

-Euler Matrix in

c

0

and
c
Authors: Yaying Taja , Hazarika Bipan , Mohiuddine S. A. , Mohamed OM Kalthum S. K. , Bakery Awad A. 
Published: March 2023

We develop new Banach sequence spaces

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

derived by the domain of generalized

p
,
q

-Euler matrix

E

a
,
b

p
,
q

in the spaces of null and convergent sequences, respectively. We investigate some topological properties and inclusion natures related to these spaces. We construct bases and obtain

α

,

β

, and

γ

-duals of the spaces

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

. Certain classes of matrix transformations are characterized from

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

to

Z
∈

ℓ

∞

,
c
,

c

0

,

ℓ

1

,

ℓ

k

. We obtain essential conditions of compactness of operators from

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q

and

e
c

a
,
b

p
,
q

to

Z
∈

ℓ

∞

,
c
,

c

0

,

ℓ

1

,
b
s
,
c
s
,
c

s

0

. Finally, under a definite functional

ϱ

and a weighted sequence of positive reals

δ

, we define a new sequence space

e
0

a
,
b

p
,
q
,
δ

ϱ

. Certain geometric and topological properties of this space along with the eigenvalue distribution of mapping ideals due to this space and

s

-numbers are investigated.
Chemical Interactions between Thorium(IV) and O2- in the FLiBe and FLiNaK Molten Salt Systems
Authors: Peng Hao , Ji Nan , Huang Wei , Gong Yu 
Published: March 2023

The chemical interactions between thorium(IV) and O2- in the LiF-BeF2 (2 : 1 mol%) (FLiBe) and LiF-NaF-KF (46.5 : 11.5 : 42 mol%) (FLiNaK) molten salt systems were studied at 873 K. The precipitation-dissolution behavior of Th(IV) oxide/oxyfluoride species, as well as the speciation law of these species and their relationship with oxide concentration in fluoride melts, were clarified. The results showed that the interactions between Th(IV) and O2- in the FLiBe melt would only produce ThO2. The saturated solubility of ThO2 in the FLiBe melt was 0.057 mol/kg, and its corresponding apparent solubility product (

K

s
p

′

) was

8.8
±
0.1

×

10

−
4

mol3/kg3 and

8.6
±
0.7

×

10

−
4

mol3/kg3 by dissolution and oxide titration methods, respectively. However, in the FLiNaK melt, the interactions between Th(IV) and O2- were more complex than that in FLiBe, and Th(IV) oxyfluoride species (i.e., Th2OF104- and ThOF2) were produced. Th2OF104- was initially formed with the ratio of

r
≤
0.5

(

r
=

O

2
−

added

/

Th

IV

initial

), and the Th2OF104- was converted to ThOF2 precipitate when

r
>
0.5

. Therefore, the soluble Th2OF104- is the important intermediate between Th(IV), O2-, and ThOF2 precipitation. The difference in results of the FLiBe and FLiNaK melts was attributed to the difference of free F- content in the two systems. The present work provided important reference and fundamental data for understanding the nature of thorium fuel precipitation and how to control it in the molten fluoride media, which is of significant importance for the safe operation of molten salt reactor (MSR).
The New York State COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study: One-Year Follow-up of Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants, 2020-2021
Authors: DiMaggio Charles , Susser Ezra , Frangos Spiros , Abramson David , Andrews Howard , Hoven Christina , Ryan Megan , Li Guohua 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: The COVID-19 Healthcare Personnel Study is a longitudinal survey to assess the changing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the New York State health care workforce. We analyzed results from a follow-up survey of physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants on the availability of equipment and personnel, work conditions, physical and mental health of participants, and impact of the pandemic on commitment to their profession. Methods: We conducted an online survey of all licensed New York State physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in April 2020 (N = 2105) and a follow-up survey in February 2021 (N = 978). We analyzed changes in item responses from baseline to follow-up. We calculated survey-adjusted paired t tests and odds ratios (ORs) using survey-adjusted generalized linear models controlling for age, sex, region of practice, and hospital versus non–hospital-based practice. Results: Twenty percent of respondents expressed continuing concern about personnel shortages at both baseline and follow-up. Respondents reported working approximately 5 more hours on average during a 2-week period at follow-up compared with baseline (78.1 vs 72.6 hours; P = .008). For 20.4% (95% CI, 17.2%-23.5%) of respondents, mental health issues had become persistent. More than one-third (35.6%; 95% CI, 31.9%-39.4%) of respondents reported that they thought about leaving their profession more often than once per month. The association between persistent mental and behavioral health issues and contemplating leaving one’s profession was significant (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.8-4.1; P < .001). Conclusions: Interventions such as decreasing the number of hours worked, ensuring health care professionals do not work directly with patients while ill, and addressing shortages of personal protective equipment can help address concerns of the health care workforce.