bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibrating a model to 30 years of data to capture the accumulation of chloride from winter deicers in a shallow aquifer
Authors: Cullen Cecilia , Abrams Daniel B. , Mannix Devin H. , Kelly Walton R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWinter deicers are a major source of chloride contamination to shallow aquifers in northern latitudes. In the greater Chicago area of northeast Illinois, chloride has been accumulating for decades and in many places now exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency secondary standard of 250 mg/L. MODFLOW‐NWT and MT3D‐USGS were used to simulate the accumulation of chloride with 30 years of data in the shallow aquifer of Will County in northeast Illinois. This aquifer is composed of unconsolidated sediments, largely from glacial deposits, overlying a fractured dolomite bedrock. To calibrate to observed heads and chloride, the model needed refined geologic features, higher chloride concentrations on cells representing commercial or industrial lands, lower chloride concentrations on cells representing roads, and point source areas to speed chloride's emergence in the aquifer. These point sources are locally significant and could represent different anthropogenic or geologic features, such as municipal stormwater infrastructure. Future simulations indicate that chloride is not at steady state in the shallow aquifer and wells are at risk of exceeding the secondary standard if winter deicing applications are not reduced. It may take decades for the full impacts of reduced deicing rates to be observed in wells, owing to the long residence time of water in the aquifer. This transient model calibration was possible because of the 30‐year dataset collected by communities and government agencies.
A review on aero‐allergen induced allergy in India
Authors: Laha Arghya , Moitra Saibal , Podder Sanjoy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAllergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis and eczema are an important public health issue globally in 21st century. Their prevalence and impact in India is high, in terms of total numbers of people affected. Due to diverse climate and lifestyle, the Indian population is exposed to a rich and varied range of aerobiological particles. In the last two decades in India, 83 pollens, 34 fungi, six dust mite and 19 insect species were reported as allergenic, often contributing to heavy allergenic exposure in indoor and outdoor environments. There are currently few practitioners who offer allergy diagnosis and treatment in India, but there is active basic and molecular research aiming to improve the health of allergic patients. This review explores the field of aero‐allergy in India during the last two decades, with special emphasis on prevalence across various centres and relevant scientific advances such as genetic associations and new therapeutics. This review will be helpful for clinicians to select aero‐allergens for sensitisation testing in patients suffering from symptoms in different regions of India, and to support patients undertaking prophylaxis of allergic symptoms in India according to local environmental conditions. This study also helps to define patient selection for allergy testing and the role of test results in guiding allergic disease management in the Indian context. Finally, we summarize genetic findings relevant to aero‐allergy in India and discuss the development of novel therapeutics for investigation and management of aero‐allergy in India.
Anogenital symptoms and lesions in a series of 20 patients infected with monkeypox virus
Authors: Rekik Samia , Pluart Diane Le , Ferré Valentine , Charpentier Charlotte , Laurain Anne , Ghosn Jade , Abramowitz Laurent 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimMonkeypox virus (MPXV) has been spreading in many European countries, the USA and Canada since May 2022. General symptoms, skin and anoperineal lesions have been reported. Anal pain is often reported, but anal canal lesions have yet to be described in these patients. The aim of this study was to describe anoperineal lesions in patients infected with MPXV undergoing systematic margin and anal canal examination at a tertiary care centre in France.MethodIn this prospective descriptive study, systematic anal examination was performed in 20 patients diagnosed with MPXV infection at Bichat Hospital, Paris, France between 6 and 11 July 2022. Anal swabs were also obtained from all these patients for polymerase chain reaction testing for MPXV.ResultsAll the patients were men that have sex with men (MSM). Sixteen patients had anal symptoms: 13 reported anal pain, and the other anal symptoms described were anal bleeding (n = 12), pruritus (n = 11), dyschezia (n = 10), tenesmus (n = 13), burning (n = 3), swelling (n = 9) and discharge of mucus (n = 9). Proctological examination detected: (i) anal margin lesions in 14 patients (vesicles, n = 8; pustules, n = 6; ulceration, n = 6); (ii) anal canal lesions in 16 patients (ulceration, n = 13; ulcers, n = 4; pustules, n = 1), seven of whom presented anal hypertonia; and (iii) rectal lesions in 12 patients (congested rectum, n = 6; erythema, n = 10; ulcers, n = 2; not seen in one case). the presence of mucus was noted in 10 patients and the presence of blood in six patients.ConclusionThis is the first study to describe anal canal lesions in patients infected with MPXV. Most of the observed lesions were ulceration, accounting for the pain reported.
Progressive penality as performance
Authors: Buchan Jamie , McNeill Fergus 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScotland's prison population remains stubbornly high despite reforms to sentencing and community penalties (most recently in 2016). Seeking to advance the debate on punishment in Scotland, we use empirical data to support a novel theoretical synthesis of the ‘agonistic framework’ and ‘performative regulation’. We argue that these reforms appear oriented towards decarceration, without substantively engaging with the drivers of imprisonment, and hence exemplify the ‘performative’ nature of much Scottish penal policy. The ‘performance’ is shaped by countervailing political constraints on the Scottish Nationalist government, amid continued debate over independence – but truly progressive penal policy requires radical and substantive responses to the problems that punishment seeks to address.
Prevalence of food and beverage brands in “made‐for‐kids” child‐influencer YouTube videos: 2019–2020
Authors: Fleming‐Milici Frances , Phaneuf Lindsay , Harris Jennifer 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBackgroundChild health experts raise numerous concerns about the negative effects of children's exposure to unhealthy digital food marketing, including advertising and branded product placements on child‐oriented videos.ObjectivesYouTube banned food advertising on “made‐for‐kids” channels in 2020, but research is needed to assess food‐related appearances on increasingly popular child‐influencer videos.MethodsContent analysis examined a sample of videos (n = 400) uploaded in 2019–2020 by popular child‐influencers on YouTube “made‐for‐kids” channels. We identified and coded all branded and non‐branded food‐related appearances (i.e., food, beverages, restaurants), ads, promotions, and sponsorship disclosures, and compared 2019 to 2020.ResultsTwo‐thirds of videos (n = 260) had at least one food‐related appearance, including branded product appearances (n = 153), other brand appearances (n = 60), and non‐branded food‐related appearances (n = 203). Branded products appeared 592 times (M = 3.9/video), including candy brands (42% of appearances) and sweet/salty snacks, sugary drinks, and ice cream (32% combined). Total food‐related appearances did not change (2019–2020), but candy brand appearances increased significantly. Videos with non‐branded healthy food category appearances also increased, but 70% also showed unhealthy branded and/or unbranded foods. Just one video disclosed a food‐brand sponsorship.ConclusionsAdditional policies are needed to protect young children from potential exposure to unhealthy branded foods on popular YouTube child‐influencer channels.
How to predict transfer of training? Investigating the application of the unified model of task‐specific motivation
Authors: de Jong Bastian , Jansen in de Wal Joost , Cornelissen Frank , van der Lans Rikkert , Peetsma Thea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransfer motivation is an important factor influencing transfer of training. However, earlier research often did not investigate transfer motivation as a multidimensional construct. The unified model of task‐specific motivation (UMTM) takes into account that (transfer) motivation is multidimensional by including both affective and cognitive motivational components and their antecedents. Prior research has provided evidence that the UMTM can predict self‐reported transfer of training, but is unclear whether it also can predict transfer reported by expert external raters. Moreover, it is unclear whether controlling for prior knowledge matters for the relationship between transfer motivation and transfer of training. This study improves on existing research by accounting for both of these gaps in the literature. Data were collected among 299 participants who filled in a questionnaire about the UMTM components directly after attending a writing training. They also handed in written documents before, and 6 weeks after the training, which were rated on transfer by trainers. Outcomes showed that components of the UMTM positively predict externally reported transfer when prior knowledge was controlled for. The outcomes imply that the UMTM has predictive value for transfer of training and points out which factors influence whether transfer does or does not occur.
Empoderamiento colectivo de los trabajadores en las redes de producción globalizadas: análisis retrospectivo de una oportunidad fallida
Authors: SÉHIER Clément 
Published: February 2023

ResumenEn este artículo se examina la capacidad de las ONG para empoderar colectivamente a los trabajadores en las redes de producción globalizadas, ejerciendo presión sobre las multinacionales para poner en marcha programas de elección de comités de empresa en las fábricas. La investigación empírica realizada entre 2012 y 2019 en el sur de China muestra que se logró movilizar a los trabajadores y potenciar su capacidad de acción, pero la continuidad de los programas se vio frustrada por la desigualdad estructural del sistema productivo, la falta de protección institucional de los representantes electos y el endurecimiento del régimen.
In‐operando synchrotron experiments of flash sintering carried out in current rate mode
Authors: O'Toole Rebecca J. , Yoon Bola , Ghose Sanjit , Weimer Alan W. , Musgrave Charles B. , Raj Rishi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report first‐time results for in‐operando flash sintering synchrotron experiments carried out in current rate mode where the specimen, held at a constant temperature, is fed current that is increased at a constant rate. These experiments are unique because the time dependence of the sintering behavior can be stretched out over a longer period (by changing the current rate) than in voltage‐to‐current experiments in which sintering occurs in a burst at the onset of the flash. Two results are presented: (i) A comparison of temperatures measured with the platinum standard to those predicted by the black body radiation model leading to estimates of the emissivity as a function of porosity whereby emissivity increases from 0.65 to 0.9 as the sample sinters from its green state to full density, and (ii) measurements of the excess lattice expansion as a function of density as the sample sinters continuously while the current is increased. The present work highlights the promise of current rate experiments to obtain results while the sample sinters gradually from its green density to full density (somewhat akin to conventional sintering) for gaining further insights into the mechanisms of flash sintering.
Development and validation of the Care Transitions Scale for Patients with Heart Failure: A tool for nurses to assess patients' readiness for hospital discharge
Authors: Yoshimura Mai , Kawamura Masumi , Hasegawa Satoko , Ito Yoichi M. , Takahashi Keita , Sumi Naomi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of the Care Transitions Scale for Patients with Heart Failure (CTS‐HF) as a nurse‐reported measure for evaluating patients' readiness for hospital discharge.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of cardiovascular ward nurses from 163 hospitals across Japan. Structural validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with development participants and confirmatory factor analysis with validation participants. Convergent validity was assessed by correlation with the Discharge Planning of Ward Nurses scale (DPWN). Hypotheses testing for construct validity was performed as comparisons between subgroups of transitional care practice.ResultsValid responses were obtained from 704 nurses (development participants, n = 352; validation participants, n = 352). The final scale comprised 21 items divided into six factors: “Clear preparation for how to manage health at home,” “Adjusting to home care/support system,” “Transitions of medication management from hospital to home,” “Dealing with patients' concerns and questions,” “Transitions of disease management from hospital to home,” and “Family support.” Indices of fit supported these results (comparative fit index = 0.944, root mean square error of approximation = 0.057). The CTS‐HF was significantly correlated with the DPWN. The nurses' subgroup with higher transitional care practice had higher CTS‐HF scores. Cronbach's alpha was .93 for the CTS‐HF.ConclusionsThe CTS‐HF showed sufficient reliability and validity for use in evaluating discharge care. Further studies are needed regarding the usefulness of this scale in nursing practice.
Of Oil and Agency: Scotland and the Material Conditions of National Imagining
Authors: Foley James 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNorth Sea oil discoveries introduced a qualitative divide that gave rise to at least the prospect of an economically viable Scottish independence, insofar as it made the “Scottish economy” a legitimate point of contestation on constitutional lines. In turn, this problematised the nature of minority nationalism in advanced, developed, post‐imperial capitalist regional economies. The research assesses how economic factors – most notably oil – materially affected the prospects of asserting power, and thus the possibilities for imagining collective agency as a national (i.e. Scottish) project. Oil helped shift “New Left” thinking away from assimilationist and modernising projects of assimilating regional consciousness into “national” projects, while also inspiring outright nationalists to define their own project in relation to the earlier phases of nationalism. The study thus contributes to recentring the study of Scotland, with a smaller emphasis on the local dimension and identities, as against the role of national actors in untangling relationships with wider geopolitical and geo‐economic forces. The claim is not simply that global forces formed the qualitative divide that made nationalist action possible; but also that these were conscious considerations of actors in the aftermath of North Sea discoveries.
Evidence that the PatB (CnfR) factor acts as a direct transcriptional regulator to control heterocyst development and function in the cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC 7120
Authors: Rachedi Raphaël , Risoul Véronique , Scholivet Anaïs , Foglino Maryline , Latifi Amel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnder nitrogen‐limiting conditions, the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc PCC7120 differentiates nitrogen‐fixing heterocysts at semi‐regular intervals along filaments generating a periodic pattern of two distinct cell types. Heterocysts are micro‐oxic cells that host the oxygen‐sensitive nitrogenase allowing two antagonistic activities to take place simultaneously. Although several factors required to control the differentiation process are known, the molecular mechanisms engaged have only been elucidated for a few of them. The patB (cnfR) gene has been shown to be essential for heterocyst formation and nitrogen fixation in this cyanobacterium, but its function remains to be clarified. Here, we show that PatB acts as a direct transcriptional regulator of genes required for nitrogenase production and activity. The DNA‐binding activity of PatB does not depend on micro‐oxia as it interacts with its target promoters under aerobic conditions both in vitro and in vivo. The absence of the DNA‐binding domain of PatB can be rescued in the heterocyst but not in the vegetative cell. Furthermore, the putative ferredoxin domain of PatB is not essential to its interaction with DNA. The patB gene is widely conserved in cyanobacterial genomes and its function can be pleiotropic since it is not limited to nitrogen fixation control.
Generalized Dispositional Distrust as the Common Core of Populism and Conspiracy Mentality
Authors: Thielmann Isabel , Hilbig Benjamin E. 
Published: February 2023

Populism and beliefs in conspiracy theories fuel societal division as both rely on a Manichean us‐versus‐them, good‐versus‐evil narrative. However, whether both constructs have the same dispositional roots is essentially unknown. Across three studies conducted in two different countries and using diverse samples (total N = 1,888), we show that populism and conspiracy mentality have a strong common core as evidenced using bifactor modeling. This common core was uniquely linked to (aversive) personality, namely the Dark Factor of Personality (D), beyond basic personality traits from the HEXACO Model of Personality Structure. The association between D and the common core, in turn, was fully accounted for by distrust‐related beliefs as captured in cynicism, dangerous and competitive social worldviews, sensitivity to befallen injustice, and (low) trust propensity. Taken together, the results show that populism and conspiracy mentality have a shared psychological basis that is well described as a sociopolitically flavored manifestation of generalized dispositional distrust. The findings thus underscore the value of generalized trust for societal functioning and suggest that increasing trust may simultaneously combat both populism and beliefs in conspiracy theories.
Metabolite profiling of Solanum tuberosum reveals a differential response to Phytophthora infestans dependent on host resistance and pathogen isolate
Authors: Abuley Isaac Kwesi , Pedersen Hans Albert , Lekfeldt Jonas Duus Stevens , Fomsgaard Inge Sindbjerg , Ravnskov Sabine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe genetic basis of the resistance of potatoes to Phytophthora infestans is well‐studied. Plant resistance to P. infestans is genetically controlled, and secondary metabolites play a role, but the metabolites themselves (e.g., phenylpropanoids) are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the effects of two P. infestans isolates and host resistance on secondary metabolite expression in potato plants. To do this, the phenylpropanoid pathway, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid elicitors were characterized. The late blight‐susceptible potato cultivar (Jutlandia) responded to both isolates with changes in the levels of compounds in the early phenylpropanoid pathway, whereas the response of the resistant cultivar (Toluca) occurred later in the pathway and was more marked in the case of the A2 mating‐type isolate. The results reveal important differences in the role of secondary metabolism in resistance to P. infestans and suggest that different phenylpropanoids are affected depending on the isolate and the host's susceptibility to P. infestans.
The Historical Presidency: “Giving government to business”: Dwight Eisenhower and the Federal Highway Act
Authors: Zug Charles U. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDefenders of the modern presidency allege that Congress is ill‐equipped to design public policies adequate to a rapidly changing society. Because the president is positioned to use expertise to circumvent logrolling and horse trading—so goes this rationale—the presidency should effectively replace Congress as the polity's substantive legislator. Scholars have studied the advantages and pitfalls of this presidential model, but few have viewed the Eisenhower presidency through this lens. The case of the 1956 Federal Highway Act suggests that, like his predecessors, Eisenhower tried to supplant Congress as the polity's primary legislator. Further, seemingly self‐defeating decisions on Eisenhower's part can be helpfully interpreted as consequences of institutional and ideational forces beyond his control.
Host traits, ownership behaviour and risk factors of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in domestic pets in Mexico
Authors: Espinosa‐Gómez Fabiola Carolina , Bautista Elizabeth , Palacios‐Cruz Oscar Emilio , Téllez‐Ramírez Alejandra , Vázquez‐Briones Daniela Belem , Flores de los Ángeles César , Abella‐Medrano Carlos Antonio , Escobedo‐Straffón Jorge Luis , Aguirre‐Alarcón Héctor , Pérez‐Silva Nancy Bibiana , Solís‐Hernández Mario , Navarro‐López Roberto , Aguirre A. Alonso 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 in Mexico is not well‐understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS‐CoV‐2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID‐19‐infected/‐suspected households (n = 44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n = 91). Using RT‐PCR, we identified the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID‐19‐infected/‐suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA‐positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA‐positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4‐year‐old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID‐19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID‐19 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR = 0.32, p = 0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor.