bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neutral theory of conceptual complexity
Authors: Novick Rose 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhilosophical studies of complex scientific concepts are predominantly “adaptationist,” arguing that conceptual complexity serves important purposes. This is a historical artifact. Having had to defend their views against a monist presumption favoring simpler concepts, pluralists and patchwork theorists felt compelled to show that complexity can be beneficial. This neglects an alternative possibility: Conceptual complexity is largely neutral, persisting simply because it does little harm. This article defends the neutral theory of conceptual complexity in two forms: (a) as a plausible theory in its own right and (b) as a useful foil for adaptationist arguments.
Mathematical Explanation in Computer Science
Authors: Curtis-Trudel André 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis note scouts a broad but underexplored class of explanations found in contemporary computer science. These explanations, which I call limitative explanations, explain why certain problems cannot be solved computationally. Limitative explanations are philosophically rich, but have not received the attention they deserve. The primary goals of this note are to isolate limitative explanations and provide a preliminary account of what makes them explanatory. On the account I favor, limitative explanations are a kind of non-causal mathematical explanation which depend on highly idealized models of computation.
Finding Normality in Abnormality: On the Ascription of Normal Functions to Cancer
Authors: Goldwasser Seth 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCancer biologists ascribe normal functions to parts of cancer. Normal functions are activities that parts of systems are in some minimal sense supposed to perform. Cancer biologists’ finding normality within the abnormality of cancer poses difficulties for two main approaches to normal function. One approach claims that normal functions are activities for which parts are selected. However, some parts of cancers that have normal functions aren’t selected to perform them. The other approach claims that normal functions are part-activities that (typically) contribute to the survival or reproduction of the relevant system. However, cancers are too heterogeneous to establish what (typically) contributes to their progression across a type.
Classical American Pragmatism as Antiscientism
Authors: Mostajir Parysa Clare 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScientism has recently experienced a resurgence of interest in philosophy. One version of scientism often defended is ontological scientism—the view that any kind or property not mentioned in the theories of science has only a subordinate, secondary kind of reality. It is worth noting that a dominant tradition in the history of philosophy of science—classical American pragmatism—undertook decades of critical engagement with contemporaneous scientistic beliefs, many of which resemble those being debated at the present time. This antiscientistic philosophy has multiple points of relevance for contemporary debates and defenses of ontological scientism.
On the Heels of 1967: Chahine, Cinema, and Emotional Response(s) to the Defeat
Authors: Maatouk Tamara 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany scholars have addressed the 1967 war in their studies, exploring its origins and aftermath, mostly in the context of diplomacy, the military, or regional and Cold War politics. Studies dealing with the war's repercussions on social, intellectual, and cultural life in Egypt are substantial as well. Yet the scholarship dedicated primarily to the study of emotions on the heels of the war remains scarce and disproportionate to the magnitude of the defeat. By juxtaposing films such as al-Ard (The Land, 1970), al-Ikhtiyar (The Choice, 1971), and al-ʿUsfur (The Sparrow, 1974), all directed by Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine, with contemporaneous essays, films, songs, interviews, and the press, I examine the different emotional responses of Chahine and, by extension and association, Egyptian cineasts and critics on the heels of the defeat, tracing their change between June 1967 and October 1973, when Egypt retaliated by launching an attack on Israeli positions in the Sinai Peninsula, and their possible connection to the existing understandings of the defeat at the time.
Putative chemical cue fromGyrodactylus-infected guppies subtly alters behaviour but prior exposure decreases parasite intensity
Authors: Di Bacco Katrina , Scott Marilyn E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reliance on chemical communication is well established for evading predation in aquatic systems. Only a few studies have found evidence that chemical cues released from aquatic animals infected with parasites alter behaviour. Furthermore, the link between putative chemical cues and susceptibility to infection has not been studied. The objectives of this study were to determine if exposure to chemical cues fromGyrodactylus turnbulli-infected guppies (Poecilia reticulata) at various times post-infection resulted in altered behaviour of uninfected conspecifics, and if prior exposure to this putative infection cue reduced transmission. Guppies responded to this chemical cue. Those exposed for 10 min to cues released from fish that had been infected for 8 or 16 days spent less time in the centre half of the tank. Continuous exposure to infection cues for 16 days did not alter guppy shoal behaviour but provided partial protection against infection when the parasite was introduced. Shoals exposed to these putative infection cues became infected, but infection intensity increased more slowly and to a lower peak compared with shoals exposed to the control cue. These results indicate that guppies show subtle behavioural responses to infection cues, and that exposure to infection cues reduces the intensity of outbreaks.
Childhood trauma associated with increased post-awakening cortisol in major depressive disorder
Authors: Sendi Shabaz , Fischer Susanne , Papadopoulos Andrew , Poon Lucia , Rane Lena J. , Fekadu Abebaw , Mondelli Valeria , Cleare Anthony J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced post-awakening cortisol may serve as a biological marker for individuals with major depressive disorder. However, studies comparing post-awakening cortisol between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls have produced conflicting findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this inconsistency could be due to the effects of childhood trauma.MethodsA total of N = 112 patients with MDD and healthy controls were divided into four groups according to the presence of childhood trauma. Saliva samples were collected at awakening and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min later. The total cortisol output and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) were calculated.ResultsThe total post-awakening cortisol output was significantly higher in patients with MDD as compared to healthy controls, but only in those individuals reporting childhood trauma. The four groups did not differ regarding the CAR.ConclusionsElevated post-awakening cortisol in MDD may be confined to those with a history of early life stress. Tailoring and/or augmenting of currently available treatments may be required to meet the specific needs of this population.
Preference organization and possible -isms in institutional interaction: The case of adult second language classrooms
Authors: Tadic Nadja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines preference organization in adult second language classrooms in relation to possible -isms—utterances which are hearably racist, classist, (hetero)sexist, or otherwise exclusionary, although their exclusionary nature may be (re)negotiated in situ. A collection of sixty-one possible -isms from a corpus of fifty-five hours of video-recorded English second language classes was examined using conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis. The analysis shows that participants orient to solidarity by supporting -isms, progressivity by deleting -isms, and moral accountability by challenging -isms; however, participants prioritize solidarity, enacting it early, even in cases of deletion and challenges. I argue that this preference organization is rooted in the institutional roles and objectives of adult second language classrooms, where presumably competent members of diverse cultures aim to foster an environment for active participation. Findings underscore the importance of conducting microanalyses of talk-in-interaction to uncover structural constraints which facilitate the reproduction of systemic exclusion. (-isms, preference, conversation analysis, membership categorization analysis, classroom interaction, exclusion in interaction)*
Description invariance: a rational principle for human agents
Authors: Fisher Sarah A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article refines a foundational tenet of rational choice theory known as the principle of description invariance. Attempts to apply this principle to human agents with imperfect knowledge have paid insufficient attention to two aspects: first, agents’ epistemic situations, i.e. whether and when they recognize alternative descriptions of an object to be equivalent; and second, the individuation of objects of description, i.e. whether and when objects count as the same or different. An important consequence is that many apparent ‘framing effects’ may not violate the principle of description invariance, and the subjects of these effects may not be irrational.
Intersection theorems for finite general linear groups
Authors: ERNST ALENA , SCHMIDT KAI–UWE 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA subset Y of the general linear group
$\text{GL}(n,q)$
is called t-intersecting if
$\text{rk}(x-y)\le n-t$
for all
$x,y\in Y$
, or equivalently x and y agree pointwise on a t-dimensional subspace of
$\mathbb{F}_q^n$
for all
$x,y\in Y$
. We show that, if n is sufficiently large compared to t, the size of every such t-intersecting set is at most that of the stabiliser of a basis of a t-dimensional subspace of
$\mathbb{F}_q^n$
. In case of equality, the characteristic vector of Y is a linear combination of the characteristic vectors of the cosets of these stabilisers. We also give similar results for subsets of
$\text{GL}(n,q)$
that intersect not necessarily pointwise in t-dimensional subspaces of
$\mathbb{F}_q^n$
and for cross-intersecting subsets of
$\text{GL}(n,q)$
. These results may be viewed as variants of the classical Erdős–Ko–Rado Theorem in extremal set theory and are q-analogs of corresponding results known for the symmetric group. Our methods are based on eigenvalue techniques to estimate the size of the largest independent sets in graphs and crucially involve the representation theory of
$\text{GL}(n,q)$
.
Grechaninov's Sister Beatrice and the Consecration of the Stage in Orthodox Russia
Authors: Salkowski David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen Alexander Grechaninov's opera Sister Beatrice on a text by Maurice Maeterlinck premiered in Moscow in 1912, it promised to bring together two conceptual worlds, those of symbolist aesthetics and the Russian Orthodox liturgy. Critics who hoped that Grechaninov's experience as a composer of sacred music would help bring alive the ‘unheard music’ of Maeterlinck's symbolist ‘Miracle Play’, however, were sorely disappointed. The opera drew scorn from critics for its overly concrete musical rhetoric, while conservative commentators levelled claims of blasphemy. In this article, I consider the two scenes depicting miracles in Sister Beatrice to demonstrate how it negotiated these competing perspectives, employing insights from religious philosophy as well as symbolist aesthetics. Drawing on new archival evidence, I also demonstrate how church and state censors co-participated with composers and critics debating whether and how the sacred might be displayed on stage and in sound.
Spawning, egg and larval description of the brazilian basslet Gramma brasiliensis Sazima, Gasparini & Moura, 1998 in captivity
Authors: Araújo-Silva Sérgio Leandro , Rocha Vanessa Martins da , Mendonça Raoani Cruz , Mattos Douglas da Cruz , Tsuzuki Mônica Yumi 
Published: February 2023

SummaryBrazilian basslet Gramma brasiliensis is a fish highly appreciated by the marine ornamental industry. There is an increasing interest in the development of a breeding protocol for this species. However, descriptions of the reproductive biology, eggs and larval development are scarce. This study was the first to describe the spawning, eggs and larvae of G. brasiliensis in captivity, including mouth size information. Six spawning events produced egg masses with 27, 127, 600, 750, 850, and 950 eggs. Larger egg masses showed embryos with at least two different developmental stages. Eggs are spherical (∼1.0 mm diameter), held together by filaments entangling chorionic projections. Larvae with fewer than 12 hph (hours post-hatch) presented 3.55 mm standard-length, well developed eyes, fully absorbed yolk sac, an inflated swim bladder and mouth opened. Exogenous feeding on rotifers began within 12 hph. The average mouth width at first feeding was 0.38 mm. The first settled larva was noted by day 21. This information should help to determine appropriate diets and prey-shift time during the larviculture of the species.
Characteristics of Barotropic Energy Conversion in Rapid Intensifying and Decaying Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Cao Xi , Wu Renguang , Zhu Peijun , Lan Xiaoqing , Dai Yifeng , Bi Mingyu , Wen Guanhuan , Wang Yuanhao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe prediction of the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity remains a difficult issue. This study analyzes local instantaneous barotropic kinetic energy conversion in the lower troposphere in rapid intensifying (RI) and rapid decaying (RD) TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP) during June through November from 1979 to 2017. The kinetic energy conversion to the synoptic eddies is separated for climatological mean, interannual and intraseasonal flows. It is found that the intraseasonal cyclonic flows display a northwest‐southeast orientation in the RI TCs, but a circular feature in the RD TCs. Intraseasonal and climatological mean zonal flows contribute together to the positive kinetic energy conversion in the northwest quadrant of the RI TCs. Intraseasonal meridional flows induce positive (negative) kinetic energy conversion in the northeast (south) part of the RD TCs. The kinetic energy conversion associated with interannual flows is small for both the RI and RD TCs.
Diurnal Cycle and Dipolar Pattern of Precipitation Over Borneo During the MJO: Linear Theory and Nonlinear Sensitivity Experiments
Authors: Zhou Yihao , Wang Shuguang , Fang Juan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe precipitation anomaly over Borneo features a dipolar pattern under the influence of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). To understand the formation mechanisms of this pattern, a linear theory is developed to study the factors controlling its diurnal cycles and the dipolar pattern. The theory predicts that the prevailing wind is primarily responsible for the asymmetry over an idealized island, while the topography plays a critical role in the leeward convergence and convection asymmetry. The results are largely consistent with the observed composites of the dipole at Borneo. Nonlinear cloud‐permitting simulations are further conducted to test the effects of island topography and solar radiative heating in different MJO phases. The results show that the island topography can cause the mesoscale flow to split around the mountain due to the topographic blocking, and favor the development of the lee side sea breeze. These processes strengthen the low‐level convergence and convection at the leeside of the island during the late afternoon and night, which is very important to the formation of island dipolar precipitation anomaly. In contrast, the inland convergence is weakened and the dipole disappears when the terrain is flattened. The diurnal cycle of solar insolation is the dominant factor driving the land‐sea breeze circulation, which intensifies the island convection at the leeside. These results indicate that the MJO wind anomaly, island topography and solar insolation play distinct roles in the formation of the dipolar pattern of Borneo precipitation.
Weakening of the Summer Monsoon Over the Past 150 Years Shown by a Tree‐Ring Record From Shandong, Eastern China, and the Potential Role of North Atlantic Climate
Authors: Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Xiaojian , Chen Feng , Zhang Heli , Yuan Yujiang , Yu Shulong , Hadad Martín A. , Roig Fidel A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe causes of the decreased intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) over the past 150 years are still not fully understood, although several studies have linked the monsoon weakening to the warming of tropical oceans. Here, we use pine tree‐rings to reconstruct the precipitation total for April–August from 1810 to 2018, in south‐central Shandong Province, in the EASM region. The reconstruction accounts for 41.8% of the instrumental precipitation variance during 1965–2018. The EASM precipitation reconstruction shows extreme pluvial conditions in 1832, 1833, 1886, and 1998, and extreme droughts in 1878, 1901, and 1910, which correspond precisely to extreme climatic events recorded in historical documents. The reconstructed precipitation reveals a drying trend since the 1870s, which matches well with the decreasing trend of the EASM inferred from stalagmite oxygen isotope (δ18O) records and climate simulations. The trend of decreasing precipitation since the 1870s, indicated by our reconstruction, is significantly correlated with the spring sea surface temperature (SST) of the North Atlantic Ocean, which suggests that the EASM weakening was linked to North Atlantic SST variations during the past 150 years. This potential role of North Atlantic SST variability is supported by climate sensitivity simulations of the Community Earth System Model. North Atlantic SST variability induces two teleconnections of Rossby‐like wave propagation from the North Atlantic into East Asia, resulting in anomalous precipitation in this region.
Therapeutic strategies for autism: targeting three levels of the central dogma of molecular biology
Authors: Hong Derek , Iakoucheva Lilia M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe past decade has yielded much success in the identification of risk genes for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), with many studies implicating loss-of-function (LoF) mutations within these genes. Despite this, no significant clinical advances have been made so far in the development of therapeutics for ASD. Given the role of LoF mutations in ASD etiology, many of the therapeutics in development are designed to rescue the haploinsufficient effect of genes at the transcriptional, translational, and protein levels. This review will discuss the various therapeutic techniques being developed from each level of the central dogma with examples including: CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and gene replacement at the DNA level, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) at the mRNA level, and small-molecule drugs at the protein level, followed by a review of current delivery methods for these therapeutics. Since central nervous system (CNS) penetrance is of utmost importance for ASD therapeutics, it is especially necessary to evaluate delivery methods that have higher efficiency in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Finding the semantic similarity in single-particle diffraction images using self-supervised contrastive projection learning
Authors: Zimmermann Julian , Beguet Fabien , Guthruf Daniel , Langbehn Bruno , Rupp Daniela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle-shot coherent diffraction imaging of isolated nanosized particles has seen remarkable success in recent years, yielding in-situ measurements with ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution. The progress of high-repetition-rate sources for intense X-ray pulses has further enabled recording datasets containing millions of diffraction images, which are needed for the structure determination of specimens with greater structural variety and dynamic experiments. The size of the datasets, however, represents a monumental problem for their analysis. Here, we present an automatized approach for finding semantic similarities in coherent diffraction images without relying on human expert labeling. By introducing the concept of projection learning, we extend self-supervised contrastive learning to the context of coherent diffraction imaging and achieve a dimensionality reduction producing semantically meaningful embeddings that align with physical intuition. The method yields substantial improvements compared to previous approaches, paving the way toward real-time and large-scale analysis of coherent diffraction experiments at X-ray free-electron lasers.
CEGANN: Crystal Edge Graph Attention Neural Network for multiscale classification of materials environment
Authors: Banik Suvo , Dhabal Debdas , Chan Henry , Manna Sukriti , Cherukara Mathew , Molinero Valeria , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce Crystal Edge Graph Attention Neural Network (CEGANN) workflow that uses graph attention-based architecture to learn unique feature representations and perform classification of materials across multiple scales (from atomic to mesoscale) and diverse classes ranging from metals, oxides, non-metals to hierarchical materials such as zeolites and semi-ordered mesophases. CEGANN can classify based on a global, structure-level representation such as space group and dimensionality (e.g., bulk, 2D, clusters, etc.). Using representative materials such as polycrystals and zeolites, we demonstrate its transferability in performing local atom-level classification tasks, such as grain boundary identification and other heterointerfaces. CEGANN classifies in (thermal) noisy dynamical environments as demonstrated for representative zeolite nucleation and growth from an amorphous mixture. Finally, we use CEGANN to classify multicomponent systems with thermal noise and compositional diversity. Overall, our approach is material agnostic and allows for multiscale feature classification ranging from atomic-scale crystals to heterointerfaces to microscale grain boundaries.
Origin of enhanced passivity of Cr–Fe–Co–Ni–Mo multi-principal element alloy surfaces
Authors: Wang Xueying , Mercier Dimitri , Zanna Sandrine , Seyeux Antoine , Perriere Loïc , Laurent-Brocq Mathilde , Guillot Ivan , Maurice Vincent , Marcus Philippe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was applied to investigate the origin of the enhanced surface passivity and resistance to a chloride-induced breakdown provided by the protective ultrathin oxide films formed on Cr–Fe–Co–Ni–Mo single-phase fcc multi-principal element alloys. A bilayer structure of the oxide films is observed with the inner barrier layer mostly constituted of Cr(III) oxide and the outer layer enriched in Cr(III) hydroxides and Mo(IV,VI) oxides. The Mo(VI) and Mo(IV) species are mainly located in the outer and inner parts of the outer layer, respectively. Anodic passivation promotes mainly the growth of the inner layer on the alloy of higher Cr bulk content and the outer layer on the alloy of higher Mo bulk content. Passivation also promotes the enrichment of Cr(III) hydroxide and Mo(IV) and Mo(VI) oxides in the outer layer. Depth distribution analysis suggests that the ultra-thin protective inner barrier contains Cr(III)-depleted heterogeneities acting as weak sites for chloride attack, which are reinforced by the Mo(IV) oxide species concentrated close to the inner barrier layer. This elemental distribution provides an explanation for the reinforcement of the resistance to localized corrosion observed on these Cr–Fe–Co–Ni–Mo alloys.