bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of butyrate-metabolism in colorectal cancer to guide clinical treatment
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Zhou Ping , Chang Shuangqing , Huang Zhifang , Zeng Xuebo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent one in the world among the most common malignant tumors. Numerous studies have shown that butyrate has demonstrated promise as an antitumor agent in a variety of human cancer types. However, butyrate remains understudied in CRC tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we explored therapeutic strategies to treat CRC by examining the role of butyrate metabolism. First, from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB), we identified 348 butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs). Next, we downloaded 473 CRC and 41 standard colorectal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the transcriptome data of GSE39582 dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then we evaluated the expression patterns of butyrate metabolism-related genes with difference analysis in CRC. Through univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, a prognostic model was constructed based on differentially expressed BMRGs. In addition, we discovered an independent prognostic marker for CRC patients. According to the expression levels and coefficients of identified BMRGs, the risk scores of all CRC samples were calculated. Utilizing differentially expressed genes in the high- and low-risk groups, we also constructed a Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network to visualize the interactions between proteins. Through the results of PPI network, we screened out differentially expressed target butyrate metabolism-related genes from ten hub genes. Finally, we performed clinical correlation analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, and mutation analysis for these target genes. One hundred and seventy three differentially expressed butyrate metabolism-related genes were screened out in all the CRC samples. The prognostic model was established with univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. CRC patients’ overall survival was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group for both training and validation set. Among the ten hub genes identified from the PPI network, four target butyrate metabolism-related genes were identified containing FN1, SERPINE1, THBS2, and COMP, which might provide novel markers or targets for treating CRC patients. Eighteen butyrate metabolism-related genes were used to develop a risk prognostic model that could be helpful for doctors to predict CRC patients’ survival rate. Using this model, it is beneficial to forecast the response of CRC patients to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, thus making it easier to custom tailor cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy to the individual patient.
Cities can benefit from complex supply chains
Authors: Doğan Nazlı B. , Mejia Alfonso , Gomez Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupply chain complexity is perceived to exacerbate the supply disruptions or shocks experienced by a city. Here, we calculate two network measures of supply chain complexity based on the relative number—horizontal complexity—and relative strength—vertical complexity—of a city’s suppliers. Using a large dataset of more than 1 million annual supply flows to 69 major cities in the United States for 2012–2015, we show that a trade-off pattern between horizontal and vertical complexity tends to characterize the architecture of urban supply networks. This architecture shapes the resistance of cities to supply chain shocks. We find that a city experiences less intense shocks, on average, as supplier relative diversity (horizontal complexity) increases for more technologically sophisticated products, which may serve as a mechanism for buffering cities against supply chain shocks. These results could help cities anticipate and manage their supply chain risks.
Magnetic fields inferred by Solar Orbiter: A comparison between SO/PHI-HRT and SDO/HMI
Authors: Sinjan J. , Calchetti D. , Hirzberger J. , Kahil F. , Valori G. , Solanki S. K. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Appourchaux T. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Feller A. , Gandorfer A. , Germerott D. , Gizon L. , Gómez Cama J. M. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kolleck M. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Michalik H. , Moreno Vacas A. , Orozco Suárez D. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Schou J. , Schühle U. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J. 
Published: March 2023

Context.The High Resolution Telescope (HRT) of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft (SO/PHI) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) both infer the photospheric magnetic field from polarised light images. SO/PHI is the first magnetograph to move out of the Sun–Earth line and will provide unprecedented access to the Sun’s poles. This provides excellent opportunities for new research wherein the magnetic field maps from both instruments are used simultaneously.Aims.We aim to compare the magnetic field maps from these two instruments and discuss any possible differences between them.Methods.We used data from both instruments obtained during Solar Orbiter’s inferior conjunction on 7 March 2022. The HRT data were additionally treated for geometric distortion and degraded to the same resolution as HMI. The HMI data were re-projected to correct for the 3° separation between the two observatories.Results.SO/PHI-HRT and HMI produce remarkably similar line-of-sight magnetograms, with a slope coefficient of 0.97, an offset below 1 G, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97. However, SO/PHI-HRT infers weaker line-of-sight fields for the strongest fields. As for the vector magnetic field, SO/PHI-HRT was compared to both the 720-second and 90-second HMI vector magnetic field: SO/PHI-HRT has a closer alignment with the 90-second HMI vector. In the weak signal regime (< 600 G), SO/PHI-HRT measures stronger and more horizontal fields than HMI, very likely due to the greater noise in the SO/PHI-HRT data. In the strong field regime (≳600 G), HRT infers lower field strengths but with similar inclinations (a slope of 0.92) and azimuths (a slope of 1.02). The slope values are from the comparison with the HMI 90-second vector. Possible reasons for the differences found between SO/PHI-HRT and HMI magnetic field parameters are discussed.
Understanding the impact of nuclear-data covariances on various integral responses using adjustment
Authors: Neudecker D. , Grosskopf M.J. , Alwin J. , Cutler T. , Frankle S. , Gibson N. , Haeck W. , Herman M.W. , Hutchinson J. , Kleedtke N. , Michaud I.J. , Rising M.E. , Smith T. , Thompson N. , Vander Wiel S. 
Published: March 2023

The EUCLID (Experiments Underpinned by Computational Learning for Improvements in Nuclear Data) project created a library of sensitivities for nine different integral responses with respect to nuclear data. These integral responses were obtained from measurements at LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) pulsed spheres, critical and sub-critical assemblies. At the same time, covariances for ENDF/B-VIII.0 were processed at LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory). The combination of these data allow us to study the impact of nuclear-data covariances on various integral responses, either by forward-propagating covariances via sensitivities, or by using nuclear data, integral responses, and sensitivities for adjustment. Here, we will present: the impact of 1H, 9Be, 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, 235,238U, and 239,240Pu ENDF/B-VIII.0 covariances on simulated bounds of the following integral responses: LLNL pulsed-spheres neutron-leakage spectra, the effective neutron multiplication factor, reaction rates, and reactivity coefficients of ICSBEP critical assemblies. Also, adjustment results with the same nuclear-data covariances and responses will be discussed.
LA-UR-22-31309
The History of Women Leaders in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Lowry Ann C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWomen started to enter the specialty of colon and rectal surgery in the early 1970s. However, it was rare for a woman to hold a leadership position in the specialty before 2000. Since then, considerable progress has been made, although the percentage of women leaders does not yet approach the percentage of women in the field. This article focuses on the history of women in leadership positions in the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Research Foundation, and the Association of Program Directors in Colon and Rectal Surgery as well the Diseases of the Colon and Rectum and academic departments. Early women leaders shared some common attributes that have contributed to their success. This article reviews some barriers to increasing the number of women in leadership positions; most will be reviewed in other sections in this issue.
Digital distribution processes and “new” research tools in SM-CDS
Authors: Esposito Eleonora , KhosraviNik Majid 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The present chapter aspires to clarify the critical role of different distribution processes in conceptual organisation for Social Media CDS (SM-CDS), an emerging theory and method wherein the specific nature and context of digitally mediated meaning-making is structurally integrated into CDS research (KhosraviNik 2020; KhosraviNik and Esposito 2018). In order to map key distribution processes and critical caveats around them in the digital sphere, we discuss some specific theoretical views around the notion of the distribution process in CDS, introduce analytical tools and techniques for the visualisation and analysis of social media data, and show how they can work as complementary techniques for SM-CDS studies. While rooted in core critical discursive principles, in fact, SM-CDS aspires to selectively and systematically incorporate digital theory approaches such as data science and analytics, visualization methods and videography, among others. In particular, we present three different methods, namely Social Network Analysis, Sentiment Analysis, and Digital Ethnography, as useful approaches to explore complex aspects of discursive distribution, affectivity, social and power relations in the cybersphere.
Social media soft affective politics through discursive and algorithmic synchronization
Authors: Sinatora Francesco L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the link between language, social media, and affective politics through the case study of a YouTube commercial by the Kuwaiti telecommunication company Zain. The video, which exhorts Muslims to reject Islamic terrorism and embrace a moderate version of Islam through a hybrid, emotional mixture of language, music, and images of victims of terrorism, generated a large response among Arab and international audiences, who aligned with its progressive message. Drawing on the notion of “synchronization” (Al Zidjaly 2012; Blommaert 2005), I argue that the commercial constitutes an example of soft affective politics, which reinforces dominant discourses about radical, ‘moderate’ Islam, and about the conflicts in the Arab world by capitalizing on the indexicality of multimodal communication and on the ranking algorithm of the YouTube comments section. I suggest the term algorithmic synchronization to explain the way in which, by displaying more recent and more popular comments on top, the YouTube algorithm erases the historical complexity surrounding discourses of religion, terrorism, and conflict in the Middle East. The study shows how the algorithms of the comments section yield more visibility to the comments aligning with the commercial, thus creating a discursive interpretive nudge and manipulating the discursive power of the representation. The analysis of algorithmic synchronization underlying soft affective discourse is in line with proposals around the need for “Techno-Discursive” approaches which situate a “micro” analysis of linguistic dynamics within the “macro” power-discursive environment (KhosraviNik 2017b, 2018).
Coexisting point attractors, multi-transient behaviors, area-preserving chaotic systems, non-degenerate hyperchaotic systems derived from a simple 3D discrete system
Authors: Fan Chunlei , Ding Qun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a simple 3D discrete system with a variety of interesting dynamic behaviors. When the control parameters of the discrete system are set to different appropriate values, the system is transformed into four distinct systems, namely a discrete system with coexisting point attractors, a discrete system with novel multi-transient behaviors, an area-preserving map, and a non-degenerate hyperchaotic system. This transient transition behavior is manifested as a switch between multiple quasi-periodic flows. This multi-transient behavior is rarely reported in discrete systems. In addition, to meet the requirements of chaotic secure communication, relevant experiments prove that the pixel scrambling effect of the proposed area-preserving map is better than that of the 3D digital Arnold map. Moreover, a PRNG is constructed by quantizing the proposed non-degenerate hyperchaotic system, and the PRNG can pass the NIST SP-800-22 test and show good randomness.
Reconstructing the universe with variational self-boosted sampling
Authors: Modi Chirag , Li Yin , Blei David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Forward modeling approaches in cosmology have made it possible to reconstruct the initial conditions at the beginning of the Universe from the observed survey data.
However the high dimensionality of the parameter space still poses a challenge to explore the full posterior, with traditional algorithms such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) being computationally inefficient due to generating correlated samples and the performance of variational inference being highly dependent on the choice of divergence (loss) function.
Here we develop a hybrid scheme, called variational self-boosted sampling (VBS)
to mitigate the drawbacks of both these algorithms by
learning a variational approximation for the proposal distribution of Monte Carlo sampling and combine it with HMC.
The variational distribution is parameterized as a normalizing flow and learnt with samples generated on the fly, while proposals drawn from it reduce auto-correlation length in MCMC chains.
Our normalizing flow uses Fourier space convolutions and element-wise operations to scale to high dimensions.
We show that after a short initial warm-up and training phase,
VBS generates better quality of samples than simple VI approaches and in the hybrid sampling phase, reduces the correlation length in the sampling phase by a factor of 10–50 over using only HMC to explore the posterior of initial conditions in 643 and 1283 dimensional problems, with larger gains for high signal-to-noise data observations. Hybrid sampling with online training of the variational distribution violates Markov property, and to retain the asymptotic guarantees of HMC, in the final phase we use a fixed variational distribution as proposal distribution and propagate these samples to the posterior distribution.
Advancing treatment of retinal disease through in silico trials
Authors: Hernandez Rémi J , Roberts Paul A , El-Bouri Wahbi K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Treating retinal diseases to prevent sight loss is an increasingly important challenge. Thanks to the configuration of the eye, the retina can be examined relatively easily in situ. Owing to recent technological development in scanning devices, much progress has been made in understanding the structure of the retina and characterising retinal biomarkers. However, treatment options remain limited and are often of low efficiency and efficacy. In recent years, the concept of in silico clinical trials (ISCTs) has been adopted by many pharmaceutical companies to optimise and accelerate the development of therapeutics. ISCTs rely on the use of mathematical models based on the physical and biochemical mechanisms underpinning a biological system. With appropriate simplifications and assumptions, one can generate computer simulations of various treatment regimens, new therapeutic molecules, delivery strategies and so forth, rapidly and at a fraction of the cost required for the equivalent experiments. Such simulations have the potential not only to hasten the development of therapies and strategies but also to optimise the use of existing therapeutics. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art in in silico models of the retina for mathematicians, biomedical scientists and clinicians, highlighting the challenges to developing ISCTs. Throughout this paper, we highlight key findings from in silico models about the physiology of the retina in health and disease. We describe the main building blocks of ISCTs and identify challenges to developing ISCTs of retinal diseases.
Offering No-Cost Cosmetic Revisions: The Experience of an Academic Cosmetic Surgery Program
Authors: Moura Steven P , Wirth Peter J , Shaffrey Ellen C , Attaluri Pradeep K , Rao Venkat K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The financial principles of a no-cost revision policy and their implications for revision rates are not well understood.

Objectives
Therefore, the primary objective of this retrospective study is to report our no-cost revision rates and, secondarily, to survey the cosmetic revision policies of other cosmetic surgery practices and detail the financial principles underpinning no-cost revisions.

Methods
All aesthetic surgeries and no-cost revisions performed by the plastic surgeons, oculoplastic surgeons, and facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons at our academic outpatient cosmetic surgery center from January 1, 2016 to June 30, 2022 were identified using procedural codes. Data on the number of surgeries, number of revisions, operative minutes, and time intervals between initial and revision surgeries were collected. A survey was administered to assess the revision policies of similar cosmetic surgery practices.

Results
A total of 1491 aesthetic surgeries and minimally invasive procedures were included, and 125 revision procedures were performed (8.4%). Thigh lifts (3, 13.6%), rhinoplasties or septoplasties (25, 15.8%), and otoplasties (3, 27.3%) had the highest revision rates. Three practices (15%) offered cosmetic revisions at no cost, 9 (45%) did not apply a surgeon's fee, 5 (25%) evaluated fees on a case-by-case basis, 1 (5%) offered revisions with an insurance policy, and 2 (10%) cosmetic surgery practices did not offer revisions at a reduced rate.

Conclusions
Despite offering revisions at no cost, our revision rates are reasonable for an academic cosmetic surgery practice. The revision policies offered to patients on the private market are varied, but most surveyed practices offer revisions at either a reduced rate or no cost.

Level of Evidence: 4
Mutations in plasticity-related-gene-1 (PRG-1) protein contribute to hippocampal seizure susceptibility and modify epileptic phenotype
Authors: Knierim Ellen , Vogt Johannes , Kintscher Michael , Ponomarenko Alexey , Baumgart Jan , Beed Prateep , Korotkova Tatiana , Trimbuch Thorsten , Panzer Axel , Steinlein Ortrud K , Stephani Ulrich , Escayg Andrew , Koko Mahmoud , Liu Yuanyuan , Lerche Holger , Schmitz Dietmar , Nitsch Robert , Schuelke Markus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Phospholipid Phosphatase Related 4 gene (PLPPR4, *607813) encodes the Plasticity-Related-Gene-1 (PRG-1) protein. This cerebral synaptic transmembrane-protein modulates cortical excitatory transmission on glutamatergic neurons. In mice, homozygous Prg-1 deficiency causes juvenile epilepsy. Its epileptogenic potential in humans was unknown. Thus, we screened 18 patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) and 98 patients with benign familial neonatal/infantile seizures (BFNS/BFIS) for the presence of PLPPR4 variants. A girl with IESS had inherited a PLPPR4-mutation (c.896C &gt; G, NM_014839; p.T299S) from her father and an SCN1A-mutation from her mother (c.1622A &gt; G, NM_006920; p.N541S). The PLPPR4-mutation was located in the third extracellular lysophosphatidic acid-interacting domain and in-utero electroporation (IUE) of the Prg-1p.T300S construct into neurons of Prg-1 knockout embryos demonstrated its inability to rescue the electrophysiological knockout phenotype. Electrophysiology on the recombinant SCN1Ap.N541S channel revealed partial loss-of-function. Another PLPPR4 variant (c.1034C &gt; G, NM_014839; p.R345T) that was shown to result in a loss-of-function aggravated a BFNS/BFIS phenotype and also failed to suppress glutamatergic neurotransmission after IUE.
The aggravating effect of Plppr4-haploinsufficiency on epileptogenesis was further verified using the kainate-model of epilepsy: double heterozygous Plppr4−/+|Scn1awt|p.R1648H mice exhibited higher seizure susceptibility than either wild-type, Plppr4-/+, or Scn1awt|p.R1648H littermates. Our study shows that a heterozygous PLPPR4 loss-of-function mutation may have a modifying effect on BFNS/BFIS and on SCN1A-related epilepsy in mice and humans.
Machine learning classifiers for electrode selection in the design of closed-loop neuromodulation devices for episodic memory improvement
Authors: Wang David X , Ng Nicole , Seger Sarah E , Ekstrom Arne D , Kriegel Jennifer L , Lega Bradley C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Successful neuromodulation approaches to alter episodic memory require closed-loop stimulation predicated on the effective classification of brain states. The practical implementation of such strategies requires prior decisions regarding electrode implantation locations. Using a data-driven approach, we employ support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to identify high-yield brain targets on a large data set of 75 human intracranial electroencephalogram subjects performing the free recall (FR) task. Further, we address whether the conserved brain regions provide effective classification in an alternate (associative) memory paradigm along with FR, as well as testing unsupervised classification methods that may be a useful adjunct to clinical device implementation. Finally, we use random forest models to classify functional brain states, differentiating encoding versus retrieval versus non-memory behavior such as rest and mathematical processing. We then test how regions that exhibit good classification for the likelihood of recall success in the SVM models overlap with regions that differentiate functional brain states in the random forest models. Finally, we lay out how these data may be used in the design of neuromodulation devices.