bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastasis of endometrial cancer to breast: A rare case
Authors: Erdoğan Özgür , Balci Mücahit Furkan , Özgüzer Alp , Özdaş Emel , Görgülü Gökşen , Sanci Muzaffer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOnly 2% of all breast cancers are metastatic, making them extremely uncommon. They are frequently mistaken for a primary breast tumor. Although it has been observed, metastatic spread from primary uterine cancers is extremely uncommon. In the literature, our case represents the fourth endometroid adenocarcinoma metastasis from the uterus. Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical examination and management of metastatic endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus' extragenital organ were described in this 69‐year‐old patient's case. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a breast biopsy taken from the patient who underwent therapy and discovered a breast mass two years later. Metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma was diagnosed with negative signs pointing to mammaglobin, GCDFP‐15 and GATA3 breasts and markers indicating endometroid adenocarcinomas such as p53, PAX8 and VIMENTIN support. As a result, a thorough clinical history is needed, with special attention to diagnoses of concurrent or prior malignancies, along with clinical examination, appropriate radiological evaluation, and immunohistochemistry. This is necessary to prevent unnecessary surgery, to provide appropriate systemic treatment, to ensure correct diagnosis, and to manage treatment.
How the Anthropocene Changes Religious Ethics
Authors: Rasmussen Larry 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTHumans are remaking the planet, with the planetary human imprint so profound that all planetary systems are being changed: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and cryosphere (water and ice), the lithosphere (Earth's crust), and the biosphere (the community of life). The changes are so deep and far reaching that a new geological epoch, the first effected by humans, has set in, the Anthropocene. It succeeds the only geological epoch human civilizations have known, the late Holocene. The tattoo of the Holocene, climate stability, is replaced by climate volatility, mass eco‐social uncertainty, and extinction. Because the Anthropocene is itself the outcome of cumulative human choices, everything in response also turns on ethics. In this case, that entails rethinking and reforming human responsibility. This essay pursues that, after making the case for climate and the Anthropocene as a new prism for Religious Ethics, one that changes the work of Religious Ethics itself.
A longitudinal survey in the wild reveals major shifts in fish host microbiota after parasite infection
Authors: Mathieu‐Bégné Eglantine , Blanchet Simon , Rey Olivier , Toulza Eve , Veyssière Charlotte , Manzi Sophie , Lefort Maxim , Scelsi Orlane , Loot Géraldine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted associations between diseases and host microbiota. It remains extremely challenging – especially under natural conditions – to clarify whether host microbiota promote future infections, or whether changes in host microbiota result from infections. Nonetheless, deciphering between these two processes is essential for highlighting the role of microbes in disease progression. We longitudinally surveyed, in the wild, the microbiota of individual fish hosts (Leuciscus burdigalensis) both before and after infection by a crustacean ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus). We found a striking association between parasite infection and the host microbiota composition restricted to the fins the parasite anchored. We clearly demonstrated that infections by the parasite induced a shift in (and did not result from) the host fin microbiota. Furthermore during infection, the microbiota of infected fins got similar to the microbiota of the adult stage, and the free‐living infective stage of the parasite with a predominance of the Burkholderiaceae bacteria family. This suggests that some Burkholderiaceae bacteria are involved in a coinfection process and possibly facilitate T. polycolpus infection. In this study, we reveal novel mechanistic insights for understanding the role of the microbiota in host–parasite interactions, which has implications for predicting the progression of diseases in natural host populations.
Automatic pixel‐level crack detection with multi‐scale feature fusion for slab tracks
Authors: Ye Wenlong , Ren Juanjuan , Zhang Allen A. , Lu Chunfang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCracks are common defects in slab tracks, which can grow and expand over time, leading to a deterioration of the mechanical properties of slab tracks and shortening service life. Therefore, it is essential to accurately detect and repair cracks before they impact services. This study developed a systematic pixel‐level crack segmentation–quantification method suited for nighttime detection of slab tracks. To be specific, slab track crack network II, a pixel‐level segmentation network that aggregates multi‐scale information was proposed to extract the morphology of slab track cracks, and then their widths were calculated by an alternative quantification method proposed in the paper. The model performs best when the initial learning rate is 0.0001, with intersection over unions (IOUs) 84.94% and 83.84% observed on the training set and validation set, respectively. In the test set, the IOU value is 81.07%, higher than that derived from similar segmentation algorithms, indicating higher robustness and better generalization of the network architecture. In addition, the average errors in predicting crack widths resulting from the proposed method are 0.13 and 0.12 mm, compared to the results measured by a vernier caliper and a 3D scanner, respectively. The proposed pixel‐level segmentation–quantification system provides a new method and theoretical support for slab track maintenance and repair.
NADH dehydrogenases are the predominant phenazine reductases in the electron transport chain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ciemniecki John A. , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhenazines are redox‐active secondary metabolites produced by diverse bacteria including the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extracellular electron transfer via phenazines enhances anaerobic survival by serving as an electron sink for glucose catabolism. However, the specific phenazine reductase(s) used to support this catabolism are unknown. Because electron transport chain components have been previously implicated in phenazine reduction, we sought to determine which of them possess phenazine reductase activity. We show that phenazine‐1‐carboxamide (PCN) and pyocyanin (PYO) are reduced at the highest rate by cells and are localized to the cell envelope while reduced. Using a coupled genetic and biochemical approach, we show that phenazine reductase activity in membrane fractions is attributable to the three NADH dehydrogenases present in P. aeruginosa and that their order of phenazine reductase activity is Nqr > Nuo > Ndh. In mutants possessing only one functional NADH dehydrogenase, whole cell reduction rates of PCN, but not PYO, recapitulate the pattern of biochemical results, implying that PYO reduction is predominantly occurring in the cytosol. Lastly, we show that ubiquinone rapidly and non‐enzymatically oxidizes reduced phenazines, demonstrating that phenazines have the capability to serve in a redox loop between the NADH and ubiquinone pools, a finding that carries bioenergetic implications.
Constitutive activation of TORC1 signalling attenuates virulence in the cross‐kingdom fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Navarro‐Velasco Gesabel Yaneth , Di Pietro Antonio , López‐Berges Manuel Sánchez 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt disease in a wide range of plant species and opportunistic infections in humans. Previous work suggested that invasive growth in this pathogen is controlled by environmental cues such as pH and nutrient status. Here we investigated the role of Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1), a global regulator of eukaryotic cell growth and development. Inactivation of the negative regulator Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (Tsc2), but not constitutive activation of the positive regulator Gtr1, in F. oxysporum resulted in inappropriate activation of TORC1 signalling under nutrient‐limiting conditions. The tsc2Δ mutants showed reduced colony growth on minimal medium with different nitrogen sources and increased sensitivity to cell wall or high temperature stress. Furthermore, these mutants were impaired in invasive hyphal growth across cellophane membranes and exhibited a marked decrease in virulence, both on tomato plants and on the invertebrate animal host Galleria mellonella. Importantly, invasive hyphal growth in tsc2Δ strains was rescued by rapamycin‐mediated inhibition of TORC1. Collectively, these results reveal a key role of TORC1 signalling in the development and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum and suggest new potential targets for controlling fungal infections.
SstF, a novel sulforaphane‐sensing transcription factor of Xanthomonas campestris, is required for sulforaphane tolerance and virulence
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Zhizhou , Zhao Yangyang , Wu Guichun , Li Kaihuai , Hou Rongxian , Guo Baodian , Tang Bao , Zhao Yancun , Liu Fengquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAvoiding the host defence system is necessary for the survival of pathogens. However, the mechanisms by which pathogenic bacteria sense and resist host defence signals are still unknown. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a secondary metabolite of crucifers. It not only plays an important role in maintaining the local defence response but also directly inhibits the growth of some pathogens. In this study, we identified a key SFN tolerance‐related gene, saxF, in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot in crucifers. More interestingly, we found that the transcription of saxF was regulated by the novel transcription factor SFN‐sensing transcription factor (SstF). As a LysR family transcription factor, SstF can sense SFN and regulate the expression of saxF cluster genes to increase SFN resistance by directly binding to the promoter of saxF. In addition, we found that SstF and saxF also play an important role in positively regulating the virulence of Xcc. Collectively, our results illustrate a previously unknown mechanism by which Xcc senses the host defence signal SFN and activates the expression of SFN tolerance‐related genes to increase virulence. Therefore, this study provides a remarkable result; that is, during pathogen–plant co‐evolution, new functions of existing scaffolds are activated, thus improving the proficiency of the pathogenic mechanism.
Rehabilitating the Shari'a: Ahmad Ibrahim and Reformation of Laws in Southeast Asia
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the 1960s, the shari'a has been equated with belligerent calls for the establishment of Islamic states. One effect of such “global shari'a‐phobia” is the growth of alarmist coverage of Islamic penal law (hudud). Indonesia and Malaysia, which jointly form the home of the largest Muslim population in the world, has witnessed constitutionalization, nationalization, and localization of the shari'a amidst fierce resistance by secular forces. This article examines the ideas of one active Southeast Asian participant in discussions over the shari'a ‐ the late Ahmad Ibrahim (1916‐1999). A legal practitioner, scholar, and social activist, he lived through the key phases of shari'a activism in the Muslim world. In this article, I argue that Ahmad Ibrahim sought to rehabilitate the shari'a, that is, he viewed the shari'a as a legal and ethical code needing of a thorough reinterpretation and repositioning in order to make it applicable for all citizens in modern nation‐states. Rehabilitating the shari'a entailed underlining three modalities of reforms: historicization, amplification, and harmonization.
Expression of malic enzyme reveals subcellular carbon partitioning for storage reserve production in soybeans
Authors: Morley Stewart A. , Ma Fangfang , Alazem Mazen , Frankfater Cheryl , Yi Hochul , Burch‐Smith Tessa , Clemente Tom Elmo , Veena Veena , Nguyen Hanh , Allen Doug K. 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Central metabolism produces amino and fatty acids for protein and lipids that establish seed value. Biosynthesis of storage reserves occurs in multiple organelles that exchange central intermediates including two essential metabolites, malate, and pyruvate that are linked by malic enzyme. Malic enzyme can be active in multiple subcellular compartments, partitioning carbon and reducing equivalents for anabolic and catabolic requirements. Prior studies based on isotopic labeling and steady‐state metabolic flux analyses indicated malic enzyme provides carbon for fatty acid biosynthesis in plants, though genetic evidence confirming this role is lacking. We hypothesized that increasing malic enzyme flux would alter carbon partitioning and result in increased lipid levels in soybeans.

Homozygous transgenic soybean plants expressing Arabidopsis malic enzyme alleles, targeting the translational products to plastid or outside the plastid during seed development, were verified by transcript and enzyme activity analyses, organelle proteomics, and transient expression assays. Protein, oil, central metabolites, cofactors, and acyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACPs) levels were quantified overdevelopment.

Amino and fatty acid levels were altered resulting in an increase in lipids by 0.5–2% of seed biomass (i.e. 2–9% change in oil).

Subcellular targeting of a single gene product in central metabolism impacts carbon and reducing equivalent partitioning for seed storage reserves in soybeans.
Tomato defence against Meloidogyne incognita by jasmonic acid‐mediated fine‐tuning of kaempferol homeostasis
Authors: Zhao Wenchao , Liang Jingjing , Huang Huang , Yang Jinshan , Feng Jiaping , Sun Lulu , Yang Rui , Zhao Mengjia , Wang Jianli , Wang Shaohui 
Published: February 2023

Summary

Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the modulation of defence and growth activities in plants. The best‐characterized growth‐defence trade‐offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones.

In this study, we first confirmed that JA negatively regulates root‐knot nematode (RKN) susceptibility via the root exudates (REs) of tomato plants. Omics and toxicological analyses implied that kaempferol, a type of flavonol, from REs has a negative effect on RKN infection.

We demonstrated that SlMYB57 negatively regulated kaempferol contents in tomato roots, whereas SlMYB108/112 had the opposite effect. We revealed that JA fine‐tuned the homeostasis of kaempferol via SlMYB‐mediated transcriptional regulation and the interaction between SlJAZs and SlMYBs, thus ensuring a balance between lateral root (LR) development and RKN susceptibility.

Overall, this work provides novel insights into JA‐modulated LR development and RKN susceptibility mechanisms and elucidates a trade‐off model mediated by JA in plants encountering stress.
Pleiotrophin inhibited chondrogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Lili , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zhu Jiaman , Jin Luyuan , Gao Runtao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveStudies have shown that the levels of pleiotrophin (PTN) are greatly elevated in the synovial fluid and cartilage in osteoarthritis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of PTN on the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs in inflammatory and normal microenvironments.Materials and MethodsA lentiviral vector was used to deplete or overexpress PTN in DPSCs. The inflammatory microenvironment was simulated in vitro by the addition of IL‐1β to the culture medium. The chondrogenic differentiation potential was assessed using Alcian Blue staining and the main chondrogenic markers. A dual‐luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the relationship between miR‐137 and PTN.ResultsThe results showed that 0.1 ng/mL IL‐1β treatment during chondrogenic induction greatly impaired the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Supplementation with PTN and PTN overexpression inhibited chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs, while PTN depletion promoted chondrogenic differentiation. MiR‐137 negatively regulated the expression of PTN by binding to the 3′UTR of its mRNA. Moreover, miR‐137 promoted chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs in normal and inflammatory microenvironments.ConclusionOur results suggest that PTN may play an inhibitory role in the chondrogenic differentiation of DPSCs in normal and inflammatory microenvironments, which is regulated by miR‐137.
From Enemy to Hero: Andrei Krems and the Legacy of Stalinist Repression in Russia’s Far North, 1964–82
Authors: Kirk Tyler C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the two lives of the Soviet Union’s “most famous unknown geologist,” Andrei Iakovlevich Krems, the head of Glavneft' who was arrested on September 30, 1938, and sentenced to eight years in Ukhtizhemlag in the Russian Far North. Two years later he was released early and put in charge of the oil mining camp’s Geological Survey Department. Despite his tarnished biography, Krems became somewhat of a local icon featured in numerous newspaper articles, scientific journals, books, and even newsreel films that celebrated his successes in the development of the Timano‐Pechora Basin between 1940 and 1973. On the basis of Krems’s personal archive, which remains unexplored, part one of this article reconstructs Krems’s biography and explores his transition to life after release in Ukhta where he remained for the rest of his life. Part two explores the narratives about Krems, Ukhta’s origins, and the discussions they sparked in the local press and Krems’s private correspondence with the former boss of Ukhtizhemlag. The public narratives about Krems and the development of Komi’s oil and gas industry of the mid‐1960s and 1970s illustrate the complex approaches the Brezhnev regime took in its attempt to deal with the legacy of Stalinist repression in the places where it transpired. I argue that the Communist Party under Brezhnev pursued a politics of memory that was surprisingly forthcoming regarding Stalinist repression in its celebration of Soviet achievements in the Russian Far North, which allowed for the construction of veiled monuments to the victims of Stalinist repression, such as the monument to the “Pioneers of the North” and the Andrei Krems Apartment‐Museum.
Solutions and continuum limits to nonlocal discrete sine‐Gordon equations: Bilinearization reduction method
Authors: Xiang Xiao‐bo , Zhao Song‐lin , Shi Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate local and nonlocal reductions of a discrete negative order Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation. By the bilinearization reduction method, we construct exact solutions in double Casoratian form to the reduced nonlocal discrete sine‐Gordon equations. Then, nonlocal semidiscrete sine‐Gordon equations and their solutions are obtained through the continuum limits. The dynamics of soliton solutions are analyzed and illustrated by asymptotic analysis. The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other nonlocal discrete integrable systems.
Effects of anticipation on joint kinematics during inversion perturbation in individuals with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Han Seunguk , Lee Hyunwook , Hopkins Jon Tyson 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients display altered reactive joint kinematics after inversion perturbation, little is known about the effects of anticipation on reactive joint kinematics among CAI, coper, and control groups.ObjectiveTo assess changes in reactive joint kinematics after different inverted landing situations including planned‐ and unplanned‐condition among groups of CAI, coper, and control.MethodsSixty‐six volunteers participated (22 per group). Participants completed three trials of both planned and unplanned single‐leg landing onto an inverted force platform while reactive joint kinematic data were collected from initial‐contact to 200 ms after initial‐contact. Two‐way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the differences between condition (planned‐, unplanned‐conditions) and group (CAI, coper, control).ResultsThere were significant group by condition interactions for total ankle displacement in the frontal plane (p < 0.01) and maximum ankle inversion velocity (p = 0.01). CAI patients displayed increased ankle displacement (p < 0.01) and maximum inversion velocity (p < 0.01) under the unplanned condition compared to the planned condition. However, copers did not show any differences in ankle displacement and maximum inversion velocity between the two conditions.ConclusionsCAI patients displayed greater changes in ankle joint displacement and maximum ankle inversion velocity occurred after inversion perturbation under unplanned condition compared with copers and controls. Current data suggest that altered reactive joint kinematics under the unanticipated condition in CAI patients may contribute to the condition of CAI after ankle sprains. Clinicians should focus on rehabilitation programs to recover and/or develop feedback control for CAI patients during functional movements under unanticipated condition to prevent further injuries.
Short‐term high‐intensity interval training improves micro‐ but not macrovascular function in hypertensive patients
Authors: Twerenbold Simon , Hauser Christoph , Gander Josephine , Carrard Justin , Gugleta Konstantin , Hinrichs Timo , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno , Hanssen Henner , Streese Lukas 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionArterial hypertension is a global health burden that affects vascular structure and function. Assessment of endothelial function can improve cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification. Exercise treatment reduces over all CV risk and improves vascular health. However, it is still not clear which part of the vascular bed is most sensitive to exercise treatment in patients with CV risk. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8‐week walking based and supervised high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on macro‐ and microvascular endothelial function as add‐on therapy in patients with arterial hypertension.MethodsForty patients (mean age 58 ± 7 years) treated for arterial hypertension were randomized in the HIIT (3×/week) or control group (CG) receiving standard physical activity recommendations. Arteriolar (aFID) and venular (vFID) flicker light‐induced dilatation for retinal microvascular and flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) for macrovascular endothelial function were assessed. In addition, standardized assessments of patients' characteristics were performed before and after 8 weeks.ResultsBoth groups reduced weight and body mass index but only the HIIT group reduced body fat, visceral fat, and increased peak oxygen uptake after 8 weeks. The control group reduced diastolic blood pressure. No blood pressure changes were found in the HIIT group. Arteriolar FID increased in the HIIT group independently of confounders (pre: 2.40 ± 0.98%, post: 3.19 ± 1.31%, p < 0.001) but not in the control group (pre: 3.06 ± 1.50%, post: 2.90 ± 1.46%, p = 0.280). No changes were found for FMD in either group.ConclusionArteriolar FID was found to be a sensitive vascular biomarker to assess exercise‐induced microvascular improvements even in a short time setting of an 8‐week exercise therapy with HIIT. Short‐term exercise training affects microvascular endothelial function but not large artery endothelial function. Thus, retinal aFID appears to be a sensitive biomarker to detect short‐term exercise efficacy on a vascular level. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis as a diagnostic approach may prove to be an ideal candidate vascular biomarker to monitor treatment effects of exercise in patients with hypertension on top of standard clinical care and may support clinical decision‐making in the future.