bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Education Program on Nurses- Midwives' knowledge toward Postpartum Hemorrhage at Delivery Room of Maternity Hospitals in Baghdad City
Authors: Ali Azhar , Bahaaldeen Ezedeen 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To find out the effectiveness of education program application on nurses-midwives' knowledge toward prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage in delivery room and some socio demographic characteristics Methodology: a quasi -experimental "test-retest"design has carried throughout the present study with the application of a pre –test and post- test for nurses-midwives' knowledge toward postpartum hemorrhage. The study was conducted in six hospitals in Baghdad: Fatima Al – Zahra for Maternity and Pediatric, Al -Elwia maternity, Baghdad Teaching, AL-Imamine Al - Kadhimin Teaching, Al-Karckh maternity and Al-Yarmouk Teaching hospital for the period from 27th May 2018 to10th December 2018. The sample was conducted on Non-probability (purposive sample) of (97)nurse-midwife. Who were evaluated by using as questionnaire for the nurses-midwives' knowledge which consisted of two parts; the first part included the socio-demographic characteristics of the nurses and the second part included The knowledge of nurses - midwives towards prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage consists of 43 questions in the form of multiple choices. Descriptive statistical and inferential analyses were used to analyze the data .
Results: The result indicates that nurses - midwives' knowledge and practices about prevention and management of PPH have been greatly improved after their being exposed to the education program.
Recommendation: The necessity of making periodical training program must conduct regularly in all obstetric hospitals for all nurses and midwives in the delivery rooms, operating theaters, maternity and maternity and emergency obstetric wards, and it should be mandatory.
Effectiveness of an Education Program on Nursing Staffs' Knowledge about Infection Control Measures at Intensive Care Unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital
Authors: Rajih Qasim , Mohammed Widad 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of the educational program on nursing staff knowledge about infection control measures at the Intensive Care Unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: A pre-experimental design (one group design: pre-test and post-test) was used. This study was conducted in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital for the period from ( 20th February to 5th March, 2020) on a non-probability (purposive) sample consisting of (25 nurses) working in ICU. A questionnaire was built as a data collection tool and consisted of two parts:
First part: The demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (age, gender, level of education, years of experience in nursing, years of experience in ICU, participation in training courses related to infection control measures, and marital status).
Second part: Evaluation of the nursing staff knowledge about infection control measures in ICU, which consist of (39) multiple-choice questions. The validity of the questionnaire and the educational program were verified by presenting it to (11) experts. The sample has received a pre-test, educational program, and post-test. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the results of the study using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and Microsoft Excel (2010).
Results: The study finding shows, that all the study sample responses at the pre-test were fair knowledge with a statistical mean of scores (1.342). Other than the post-test, shows (100%) of the study sample has high knowledge at the mean of scores (1.879). Also, the results revealed a highly significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the study sample after participated in the educational program at the p-value (0.0001). The researcher concluded that the educational program was effective in the enhancement of nursing staff knowledge about infection control measures in ICU.
Recommendations: The study recommended the necessity of activating the role of continuing medical education correctly in order to give courses about infection control measures for all health care workers, as well as activate the national infection control program in Iraqi health facilities (2009).
Effectiveness of Health Educational Program on Nurses' Practices toward Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy for Children at Hematology Center in Baghdad City
Authors: Abdel Nasser Jamal , Hassoun Soad 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: the study aims to assess nurses' practices toward chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) for children at the hematology center, and to determine the effectiveness of the health education program on nurses' practices toward CIPN, and to find out the relationships between the effectiveness of Health education program and demographic characteristics of nurses.
Methodology: Use quasi-experimental design in the study (a design that divides the sample into two groups, a study group and a control group, with data collection in three stages). This study was conducted at a hematology center in Baghdad city for the period (from December 16th, 2019 to 8th May 2020), to find out the effectiveness of the health education program on nurses' practices toward CIPN, a targeted (non-probability) sample was purposive consisting of (50 nurses) divided into two groups (25) nurses for the study group and (25) control group nurses working in the hematology center.
A questionnaire was constructed as a tool to collect data and consisted of two parts:
Demographic characteristics of the nursing (age, gender, years of experience in nursing, years of experience in hematology center, marital status, level of education, and Participation in training courses toward CIPN).
assess of nurses' practices towards CIPN consisting of four domains (41) checklist. Validity of the study instrument to the educational program was verified by presenting it to (11) experts, reliability of the questionnaire done by test and re-test approach on six nurses at Hematology center interval period of 21 days.
Results: The study showed that a clear changing in nurses' practices toward CIPN at hematology center, where the value (P-value =0.00) for a pre-test and a post-test I), as well as a post-test II in the study group.
While a little difference changing in nurses practices, where the value (P-value =0.46) for a pre-test and a post-test I, as well as a post-test II where the value (P-value =0.46) in the study control.
Recommendations: Based on the results of the mentioned study, the researcher recommends implementing this educational program in all hospitals and centers for pediatric hematology, oncology and bone marrow in Iraq
Kontributi i El-Mesudit dhe El-Idrizit në shkencën e gjeografisë dhe historisë
Authors: Mehmeti Artan 
Published: June 2023

Dijetarët e epokës së artë islame, dhanë kontribut jashtëzakonisht të madh në zhvillimin e shkencës në përgjithësi, si dhe gjeografisë e historisë në veçanti. Këta dijetarë nuk i kufizuan studimet e tyre brenda kufijve të shtetit islam. Studimet e tyre i kaluan kufijtë e këtij shteti, ata panë edhe vende të tjera dhe kanë shkruar shumë libra në fushën e gjeografisë edhe të historisë për territoret jashtë kufijve të shtetit islam. Ata shkruan libra të karakterit gjeografik dhe historik për rajonet e Kinës, Europës, Azisë, Ishujve Lindorë të Oqeanit Atlantik dhe Indian etj. Ndër dijetarët më të njohur të kësaj epoke janë edhe El-Mesudi, i njohur si “Herodoti i arabëve”, i cili ishte historian dhe udhëtar i shquar i shekullit X, si dhe El-Idrisi, i njohur për udhëtimet e tij në të gjithë Europën, Afrikën dhe Azinë. Më poshtë do mundohemi që t’i paraqesim arritjet shkencore të këtyre dy dijetarëve shumë të njohur myslimanë të periudhës së Mesjetës.
Gjatë jetës së tij, El-Idrisi botoi disa libra në fusha të ndryshme, por numri më i madh i këtyre librave janë në fushën e gjeografisë dhe të hartografisë. Më vonë, ai punoi edhe një enciklopedi me njohuri më të zgjeruara dhe me të sakta, të titulluar “Raud-Unas ua-Nuzhat el-Nafs”. Punimet e tij rreth Nigerit të sipërm, Timbuktusë, dhe ujërave të Nilit në Sudan, ishin të njohura për saktësinë e tyre. Disa nga librat e tij u përkthyen në gjuhën latine. Dhjetë kopje të dorëshkrimeve të librit të Roxherit vazhdojnë të ekzistojnë edhe në këtë kohë.
Analizë sociologjike e fesë, edukimit dhe familjes: Shembulli i rolit të gruas në Islam
Authors: Likaj Shaqiri Matilda 
Published: June 2023

Institucionet sociale janë baza kryesore e strukturës së shoqërisë. Ato nuk kontribuojnë vetëm në ndërtimin dhe funksionimin e shoqërisë, por edhe pasurojnë formën kulturore dhe elementët e saj, si dhe mundësojnë transmetimin e saj në shtrirje të gjera kohore. Për të arritur një analizë të suksesshme të shoqërisë (përmbajtja, funksionet, zhvillimi historiko-kulturor, problemet, lidhjet midis institucioneve, strukturën etj.) është i domosdoshëm analizimi i institucioneve sociale. Nga qasje të ndryshme sociologjike, institucioni social është pjesë e kulturës, e cila reflekton nëpërmjet mënyrës së jetesës dhe përmbledh sjelljet që kanë shumë prej aktorëve socialë, rrugët që të çojnë drejt përmbushjes së normave dhe sjelljeve të kulturës. “Për të realizuar një përcaktim disi më të përmbledhur të institucionit social, duhet të përmenden disa elemente që ai përmban në vetvete, siç janë: Institucioni social ka si objektiv realizimin e qëllimit të tij; Përgjatë historisë njerëzore, institucioni social i ka realizuar me sukses qëllimet e tij; Për realizimin e qëllimit, ka bashkëpunuar me institucione të tjera sociale; Pavarësisht bashkëpunimit, institucioni social ka strukturë të pavarur; Institucioni social në vetvete përmban kodet normative të kulturës të shoqërisë ku funksionon, si rrjedhojë merr një rëndësi të veçantë. Në strukturën e shoqërisë ndodhen shtatë institucione kryesore sociale (megjithatë ky kategorizim ndryshon sipas kushteve të jetesës, kushteve gjeografike, rëndësisë që u jep shoqëria dhe funksioneve që mbartin) dhe shumë institucione të tjera emergjente, të cilat lindin dhe e zhvillojnë aktivitetin e tyre social, sipas kushteve sociale bashkëkohore. Shtatë institucionet kryesore sociale mund të radhiten kështu: familja, edukimi, ekonomia, politika (sistemi qeverisës), sistemi shëndetësor, sistemi ushtarak dhe feja. Pavarësisht se institucionet sociale mbartin funksione të ndryshme (siç janë të radhitura më poshtë), ato kanë ndërthurje të përbashkëta dhe funksionojnë në varësi të nevojave të shoqërisë. Për shembull, edukimi si institucion social, ndërthuret në funksionet e tij dhe me institucione të tjera sociale që kryejnë funksionin e edukimit, siç janë familja dhe feja.
Historia e institucioneve arsimore islame të zonës së Shkodrës: Mejtepet
Authors: Bala Smajl 
Published: June 2023

Depërtimi në shkallë të gjerë i fesë islame në radhët e popullsisë shqiptare gjeti shprehje pikë së pari në qytete. Me vendosjen e osmanëve në qytetet shqiptare ato filluan të funksionojnë si qendra administrative, ekonomike dhe kulturore të sistemit të ri politik. Në përshtatje me rolin e tyre ekonomik e shoqëror, në qytet u përqendrua jo vetëm shumica e personelit administrativ dhe ushtarak, por edhe misionarët, ulematë, dijetarët e predikuesit islamë, në fillim të ardhur nga jashtë dhe më vonë vendas, së bashku me institucionet e kultit, që u ndërtuan dhe u shumuan. Në konvertimin në Islam nuk ka pasur dhunë, por çdo gjë me dëshirë.
Edhe nëse ka ekzistuar ndonjë rast nga persona të veçantë për të ushtruar ndikimin e tyre, ata janë penguar nga ligjet e sheriatit. P.sh., dy prej sulltanëve osmanë, Selimi I (1512-1520) dhe Murati IV (1623–1640), që projektuan islamizimin me forcë të gjithë popullsisë së krishterë të perandorisë, u detyruan të hiqnin dorë që në fillim prej këtij projekti, për shkak të kundërshtimit të vendosur të drejtuesve të lartë myslimanë- ulemave, dijetarëve dhe të shehut islam të kohës, që nuk i dhanë lejen përkatëse, fetvan, për një veprim të tillë, sepse ishte në kundërshtim me parimet e fesë islame.
Përhapja e fesë islame dhe shtimi i popullsisë myslimane diktoi ngritjen e institucioneve fetare dhe atyre arsimore. Me rritjen e lagjeve dhe të popullsisë myslimane, pothuajse çdo lagje ka pasur xhaminë e vet. U bë zakon dhe traditë, që në çdo qendër lagjeje të qytetit dhe të fshatit, të ndërtoheshin xhami, teqe, mejtepe, të cilat u shoqëruan edhe me ndërtimin e komplekseve arsimore e kulturore, në shërbim të tyre.
Komunikimi muzeor si dëshmi e lashtësisë dhe e identitetit kombëtar
Authors: Hykaj Anisa 
Published: June 2023

Dil, ec e shko kudo – muzeun vizito!
Me trashëgiminë e të parëve, komuniko!
Libri “Komunikimi Muzeor” i autorit Shefki Stublla, i përbërë prej dy vëllimesh, është një studim teorik e praktik, hulumtim i mirëfilltë tërësor. Autori, në cilësinë e profesorit, synon t’u përcjellë studentëve, muzeologëve të ardhshëm në Kosovë dhe në Shqipëri, njohuritë teorike e praktike dhe përvojën vetjake shumëvjeçare, por edhe atë botërore në komunikimin muzeor, por jo vetëm.
Tema kryesore e këtij libri është komunikimi i organizuar muzeor ndër ne, por edhe format e tjera të komunikimit në familje e me gjerë. Me të drejtë, autori përpiqet të paraqesë sa më saktë historinë e komunikimit muzeor, kushtet ekonomike-historike të njerëzve të asaj treve, të cilët me shumë mund dhe në rrethana tepër të vështira nga pushtimet shumëshekullore, arritën të mbronin të kaluarën, duke ua lënë si dëshmi dhe pasuri pasardhësve të tyre.
Kultura e veshjes tradicionale shqiptare karakterizohet me mbajtjen e plisit me marame të bardhë, kurse te femrat mbajtja e shamisë. Një veshje të tillë, të gjerë dhe të gjatë, e gjen sot në muzetë e veshjes europiane. Kjo dëshmon edhe njëherë rëndësinë që ka etnografia shqiptare, e cila numëron 140 forma të ndryshme të veshjeve tona kombëtare. Ruajta e tyre me këmbëngulje ndihmon për të dëshmuar lashtësinë e vendit tonë. Pasuria e folklorit shqiptar, vallet tona popullore, këngët, instrumentet muzikore, shërbejnë po ashtu si mjet njohës i kombit shqiptar.
Muzeu, në të shumtën e rasteve, konsiderohet si një barnatore shpirtërore, ku çelen sytë, ku freskohet mendja, ku zgjerohet dija, ku gjenden këshillat mendore të përvojës për ecje përpara. Ndaj është e rëndësishme të njihemi me të, të japim ndihmesën tonë dhe t’i mësojmë brezat në vazhdim për rëndësinë e saj, si një nga shtyllat kryesore të ruajtjes së identitetit tonë kombëtar.
The Provisions of the Option of the Condition in Jurisprudence and its Impact on Dealers
Authors: Freijat Somayya 
Published: June 2023

This research aims to clarify the choice of condition provisions in order to show the extent of using those jurisprudential provisions acheived the commercial dealers satisfaction. The researcher used inductive approach, and jurisprudential comparative approach between jurists' doctrines. This research gives an imprtant result that the condition of choice is the most important condition between dealer, because it acheives the complete satisfaction sharia has recommended in commercial dealings in order to gain blessing in commerce, and unfortunately, by looking at dealing between people nowadays, the researcher notice that this condition is not common, which means jurists should study provosions of choice condition and focus on such condition in commercial dealings.
Restriction, Resistance, and Humility:
Authors: Chowdhury1 Rowshan Jahan 
Published: June 2023

Anglo-American and French feminists focus on women’s equality, women’s experience as writers, and feminine writing. Proponents of black feminism, by contrast, position black women in fundamentally different ways from white women and offer the concept of intersectionality which calls for including women of all races in feminist concerns. Adopting this feminist approach, my paper uses a retrospective analytical methodology and aims at establishing a connection between two women poets of early America: Anne Bradstreet and Phillis Wheatley. Anne Bradstreet writes about her experience of being a wife and mother, and overall makes statements about the patriarchal confinement imposed on women in her society in The Tenth Muse (1650). She had to succumb to the patriarchal Puritan society by writing poems secretly. Yet, she defies the “carping tongues” with her “mean pen.” Phillis Wheatley, an enslaved poet, published Poems on Various Subjects (1773) where she, like Bradstreet, wrote with a devotional homage to Christianity, but her poems also criticize those who “view [her] sable race with scornful eye.” Though superior to most whites in her intellectual and literary accomplishments, Wheatley is clearly never their social equal and remains enslaved. Wheatley and Bradstreet, being brought to a new world from their land of origin, encounter a complex “phallocentric” world. They oscillate between the two places and struggle to survive amidst the tripartite challenge of womanhood, motherhood, and patriarchal gender norms. The recent feminist discussions in academia mostly ignore how these two female poets fight intellectual battles and resist the patriarchal tradition, breaking the imposed silence and thus, gaining agency. Using feminist and gender theory, I examine their experiences as women and present a comparative analysis of the approaches that Bradstreet, as a white woman of the Puritan society, and Wheatley, as a black woman of the age of enlightenment, employ to assert their existence through writing.
The Law of Diminishing Returns:
Authors: O'Brien Sean 
Published: June 2023

The essay examines the representation of precarity in the BBC two series, The Fall (2013-), starring Gillian Anderson as detective superitendent Stella Gibson and Jamie Dornan as serial killer as Paul Spector. In the series, institutions of social reproduction are reaveled to be sclerotic, examplified not only in the austerity policies of fiscally insolvent national governments but also in the family and the couple, social forms integral to a system of crises management that depends upon feminized reproductive work. Here, precarity emerges as a double bind: a reproductive crisis that would seem to demand a doubling down, a renewed investment in the very systems of accumulation and control that underwright its proliferation. This essay argues that the representation of such contradictory logic should not be mistaken for some failure of the imagination, but should instead be recognized as an expression of a crisis in the reproduction of the capitalist class relation as it is mediated accross the social field.
Nation-Making at Barney Kiernan’s
Authors: Ahmed K. Anis 
Published: June 2023

James Joyce, the ultimate modernist writer, has been read for too long as a rather apolitical, and certainly non-nationalistic, writer. This kind of reading was particularly attractive to New Critics, and other modernist interpreters, who emphasized the self-referential world of the narrative, or even clusters of texts, and also linguistic pyro-technics, over any mundane engagements with the political world surrounding either the time of authorship or of the diegetic period itself. Despite the long and dominant tradition of such “literary” readings of Joyce, and arguably his most celebrated work Ulysses, a novel so complex could of course never be utterly free from politicized readings. From Marxists to Feminists, generations of authors have found elements both to hail and to denounce this work. One of the most recent in this long line of unanticipated readings is the post-colonial one, represented by the likes of Cheng, Duffy and Nolan. What a post-colonial reading should accomplish is itself of course a still much debated and unresolved matter. Certainly, reducing all texts to the status of a either linguistic handmaiden or resistor to empire is no longer the only or primary options in this school of criticism. Rather, the idea is to find complexity where it was overlooked, and to find signs of either complicity or resistance where it was unseen. In this case, the Cyclops chapter has long been read as a straight-up caricature of the Irish nationalist, and Joyce’s own post-national, if not anti-national stance. While Joyce was thoroughly a cosmopolitan both in life and in literary sensibility is quite beyond argument, but is cosmopolitanism necessarily opposed to nationalism, especially when it coincides with justice or the desire thereof? Is the Cyclops only a bigot? Is a degree of truth inadmissible because the figure of the witness so objectionable? Is the Citizen’s boorishness meant to undermine the merit of any kernel of truth in his prejudiced speech? Or, is it meant to show the universal abjection of subaltern truth? Forever unsupported by all apparatus of State – the courts, history, etc. – always lacking in dignity, where is it supposed to rear its unsuspecting head, if not in the pages of the most subversive of mainstream or canonized texts? This essay tries to locate the subaltern in a most unlikely site – the ultimate modernity novel, Joyce’s Ulysses.
The Longing for Freedom and the Reality of Bonding in the Plays of Tagore
Authors: Chowdhury Serajul Islam 
Published: June 2023

The life of a play is its conflict which is abundantly present in the drama of Tagore. It exists primarily in the desire for freedom and the reality of bonding, for example, in the difference between Achalayatan and Muktodhra. ln both plays the bonding exists along with a strong yearning for release. In the end the longing for freedom.
Noh Collaboration:
Authors: Vali Abid 
Published: June 2023

Ezra Pound was initially more interested in Noh than in Ernest Fenollosa’s notes on Chinese poetry. The attention paid to “Ezra Pound and China” often obscures Pound’s interest in Noh, his first love in Fenollosa’s notes, and the actual work of the collaboration/s that resulted in the published texts. Pound gained specific ideas and cultivated particular relationships due to his prior attention to Noh. In fact, given the presence of Japanese interlocutors and translators to aid Fenollosa in the creation of his notes which Ezra Pound then went on to utilize, it might be argued that the Noh plays, such as Nishikigi, that Pound published would be “closer” to the originals (given one less level of “translation”), as it were, than his efforts in Cathay, thus, more suited to his purpose of bringing disparate cultures to an understanding rooted in their common humanity
The Vanguard of Freedom
Authors: Nurul Islam Muhammad , Rana Md. Sohel 
Published: June 2023

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s The Unfinished Memoirs, one of the most interesting autobiographies, was published in 2012 by the University Press Limited, Bangladesh. The book was simultaneously published by Penguin Books India and by Oxford University Press Pakistan. This posthumously published memoir traces the life of Sheikh Mujib from his boyhood to his leadership of the then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). It also unveils his indomitable spirit for independence, his lifelong fight against tyranny and injustice, his undying love for his people, and altogether manifests Mujib as the vanguard of freedom. Thus, the book inevitably carries great significance for Bangladesh as well as for the world.