bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of ST-segment depression during atrial fibrillation rhythm for subsequent heart failure events
Authors: Kawaji Tetsuma , Hamatani Yasuhiro , Kato Masashi , Yokomatsu Takafumi , Miki Shinji , Abe Mitsuru , Akao Masaharu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
The clinical significance of ST-segment depression during atrial fibrillation (AF) rhythm has not been fully evaluated. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of ST-segment depression during AF rhythm with subsequent heart failure (HF) events.

Methods and results
The study enrolled 2718 AF patients whose baseline electrocardiography (ECG) was available from a Japanese community-based prospective survey. We assessed the association of ST-segment depression in baseline ECG during AF rhythm with clinical outcomes. The primary ednpoint was a composite HF endpoint: cardiac death or hospitalization due to HF. The prevalence of ST-segment depression was 25.4% (upsloping 6.6%, horizontal 18.8%, downsloping 10.1%). Patients with ST-segment depression were older and had more comorbidities than those without. During the median follow-up of 6.0 years, the incidence rate of the composite HF endpoint was significantly higher in patients with ST-segment depression than those without (5.3% vs. 3.6% per patient-year, log-rank P &lt; 0.01). The higher risk was present in horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression, but not in upsloping one. By multivariable analysis, ST-segment depression was an independent predictor for the composite HF endpoint (hazard ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.49, P = 0.03). In addition, ST-segment depression at anterior leads, unlike inferior or lateral leads, was not associated with higher risk for the composite HF endpoint.

Conclusion
ST-segment depression during AF rhythm was associated with subsequent HF risk; however, the association was affected by type and distribution of ST-segment depression.
Cardiovascular disease risk in women with hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea/menstrual irregularity or polycystic ovaries (components of polycystic ovary syndrome): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lo Andre C Q , Lo Charmaine Chu Wen , Oliver-Williams Clare 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsPrior meta-analyses indicate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but have high statistical heterogeneity, likely because PCOS is a heterogenous syndrome diagnosed by having any two of the three components: hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea/menstrual irregularity or polycystic ovaries. Several studies report higher risk of CVDs from individual PCOS components, but a comprehensive assessment of how each component contributes to CVD risk is lacking. This study aims to assess CVD risk for women with one of the PCOS components.Methods and resultsA systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched without restrictions in July 2022. Studies meeting inclusion criteria examined the association between PCOS components and risk of a CVD. Two reviewers independently assessed abstracts and full-text articles, and extracted data from eligible studies. Where appropriate, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by random-effects meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Twenty-three studies, including 346 486 women, were identified. Oligo-amenorrhea/menstrual irregularity was associated with overall CVD (RR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.09–1.53), coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.06–1.41), and myocardial infarction (MI) (RR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.01–1.88) but not cerebrovascular disease. These results were broadly consistent even after further adjustment for obesity. There was mixed evidence for the role of hyperandrogenism in CVDs. No studies examined polycystic ovaries as an independent exposure for CVD risk.ConclusionOligo-amenorrhea/menstrual irregularity is associated with greater risk of overall CVD, CHD, and MI. More research is needed to assess the risks associated with hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovaries.
Samuel Kwadwo Boaten Asante and the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations (1975–1992)
Authors: Folake Olaoye Kehinde 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article uses Samuel Kwadwo Boaten Asante’s career at the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations (UNCTC) as a prism for examining the place of Third World Approaches to International Law within mainstream international organizations (IO) law. By focusing on his role as chief legal adviser, director and highest-ranking legal civil servant at the UNCTC during the heydays of the New International Economic Order (NIEO), it uncovers a less-examined international institution and the dilemmas faced by the Third World international legal civil servant. By examining Asante’s intellectual history and publications during the operational years of the UNCTC, it identifies three main under-explored typologies of Third World approaches to IO law. It argues that the low visibility of Third World approaches within mainstream IO law is closely linked to the failures of the NIEO movement, the abolition of the UNCTC, which symbolized the non-realization of aspirations to codify the principles of the NIEO through IOs, and minimal engagement by IO law scholars with Third World problems. This article argues that, even though the UNCTC ceased to exist in 1992, it created a lasting legacy through its advisory services, which forms part of IO law history.
The pandemic as a catalyst for teacher and student well-being
Authors: Ončevska Ager Elena 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article reports on a well-being project in which I took part and which was supported by my institution, a university department supporting the development of prospective teachers and translators of English, but also of other foreign languages. The project was designed and run in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has the potential to inspire other institutions or ELT professionals to consider organizing similar well-being support in their own contexts. I first outline the setting that gave rise to the project and the literature that informed it. I then describe its design and report on the benefits for teacher and student well-being, as evidenced by their engagement in the project. Finally, I reflect on the lessons learnt and the implications for practitioners elsewhere.
Spatial inequality of opportunity in access to secondary education in nineteenth-century Spain
Authors: Insa-Sánchez Pau 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, secondary education graduation age is proposed as a way of measuring the obstacles students had to face to acquire education in historical contexts. Using a novel historical source, I find that students from rural areas bore increasingly larger obstacles than those from cities. The size of the municipality of origin exerts a larger negative effect on students who graduated later in life—that is, those who bore larger impediments to study. These results suggest that a phenomenon of spatial isolation from knowledge created a problem of access to secondary education.
State and evolution of the geodynamo from numerical models reaching the physical conditions of Earth’s core
Authors: Aubert Julien 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
Our understanding of the geodynamo has recently progressed thanks to geomagnetic data of improved quality, and analyses resting on numerical simulations of increasing realism. Here, these two advances are combined in order to diagnose the state and present dynamics of Earth’s core in physically realistic conditions. A sequential, ensemble-based framework assimilates the output of geomagnetic field models covering the past 180 yr into a numerical geodynamo simulation, the physical realism of which is also advanced as data is assimilated. The internal dynamical structure estimated for the geodynamo at present reproduces previously widely documented features such as a planetary-scale, eccentric westwards gyre and localization of buoyancy release beneath the Eastern (0°E−180°E) hemisphere. Relating the typical magnetic variation timescale of the assimilated states to the power at which they operate, the present convective power of the geodynamo is estimated at 2.95 ± 0.2 TW, corresponding to an adiabatic heat flow out of the core of 14.8 ± 1 TW if the top of the core is convectively neutrally stratified at present. For the first time, morphologically and dynamically relevant trajectories are obtained by integrating the estimated states forward for a few decades of physical time using a model reaching the physical conditions of Earth’s core. Such simulations accurately account for the spatio-temporal content of high-resolution satellite geomagnetic field models and confirm earlier interpretations in terms of rapid core dynamics. The enforcement of a realistic force balance approaching a Taylor state allows for propagation of weak (velocity perturbation of about 0.6 $\mathrm{km\,yr^{-1}}$) axisymmetric torsional waves with period about 5 yr, supported by a magnetic field of root-mean-squared amplitude of 5.6 mT inside the core. Quasi-geostrophic magneto-Coriolis waves of interannual periods and significantly stronger velocity perturbation (about $7 \mathrm{km\,yr^{-1}}$) are also reproduced, with properties that converge towards those recently retrieved from the analysis of geomagnetic variations before fully achieving Earth’s core conditions. The power spectral density of magnetic variations falls off rapidly at frequencies exceeding the inverse Alfvén time (about $0.6\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$), which indicates that the excitation of hydromagnetic waves occurs preferentially at large spatial scales. The possibility to account for geomagnetic variations from years to centuries in physically realistic models opens the perspective of better constraining properties of the deep Earth through geomagnetic data assimilation.
Housing for vulnerable populations—identifying system cost implications: an analytic literature review
Authors: Kongats Krystyna , Paulden Mike , Pabayo Roman , Campbell Sandra , Nykiforuk Candace I J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We explored how investments in housing for vulnerable populations (including those experiencing homelessness) are described as leading to cost containment for the health, justice, and social service systems; the nature of any costs and benefits; and variations by housing type and over time. A structured search of peer-reviewed academic research focused on the core concepts of economic benefit, public housing programs, and vulnerable populations. Findings from 42 articles reporting on cost containment specific to health, justice, and social service systems at the municipal, regional, and/or state/provincial level were synthesized. Most of the studies focused on supportive housing interventions, targeted adults (mainly men) experiencing chronic homelessness in the USA, and reported results over 1–5 years. Approximately half of the articles reported on the costs required to house vulnerable populations. About half reported on funding sources, which is critical information for leadership decisions in cost containment for supportive housing. Most of the studies assessing program cost or cost-effectiveness reported a reduction in service costs and/or greater cost-effectiveness. Studies mostly reported impacts on health services, with hospital/inpatient care and emergency service use typically decreasing across the intervention types. All the studies that assessed cost impacts on the justice system reported a decrease in expenditures. Housing vulnerable populations was also found to decrease shelter service use and engagement with the foster care/welfare systems. Housing interventions may offer cost-savings in the short- and medium-term, with a limited evidence base also demonstrating long term benefit.
Born without a Silver Spoon: A Review of the Causes and Consequences of Adversity during Early Life
Authors: Mainwaring Mark C , Tobalske Bret W , Hartley Ian R 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
A huge amount of research attention has focused on the evolution of life histories, but most research focuses on dominant individuals that acquire a disproportionate level of reproductive success, while the life histories and reproductive tactics of subordinate individuals have received less attention. Here, we review the links between early life adversity and performance during adulthood in birds, and highlight instances in which subordinate individuals outperform dominant conspecifics. Subordinate individuals are those from broods raised under high risk of predation, with low availability of food, and/or with many parasites. Meanwhile, the broods of many species hatch or are born asynchronously and mitigation of the asynchrony is generally lacking from variation in maternal effects such as egg size and hormone deposition or genetic effects such as offspring sex or parentage. Subordinate individuals employ patterns of differential growth to attempt to mitigate the adversity they experience during early life, yet they overwhelmingly fail to overcome their initial handicap. In terms of surviving through to adulthood, subordinate individuals employ other “suboptimal” tactics, such as adaptively timing foraging behaviors to avoid dominant individuals. During adulthood, meanwhile, subordinate individuals rely on “suboptimal” tactics, such as adaptive dispersal behaviors and competing for partners at optimal times, because they represent the best options available to them to acquire copulations whenever possible. We conclude that there is a gap in knowledge for direct links between early life adversity and subordination during adulthood, meaning that further research should test for links. There are instances, however, where subordinate individuals employ “suboptimal” tactics that allow them to outperform dominant conspecifics during adulthood.
Seasonal migration, site fidelity, and population structure of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: de Pontual Helene , Heerah Karine , Goossens Jolien , Garren François , Martin Stephane , Le Ru Loic , Le Roy Didier , Woillez Mathieu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Large-scale electronic tagging is a very powerful tool to study how fish movements and migrations shape the internal dynamics of populations. This knowledge, crucial for improving fishery management, was still limited for the European seabass, whose stocks in the Northeast Atlantic have declined drastically over the last decade. To better understand the species ecology and the spatio-temporal structure of the population, we tagged seabass in the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, from 2014 to 2016. Out of 1220 deployed DSTs, 482 have been recovered by November 2022. Approximately half of them included a period of potential spawning migration. Reconstructed trajectories confirmed seabass to be a partial migratory species, as individuals exhibited either long-distance migrations or residence. Most migrants exhibited fidelity to summer feeding areas and winter spawning areas. Our dataset enriches the knowledge of seabass biological traits (e.g. temperature and depth ranges, vulnerability to predation and fishing). Our results suggest a spatial structure of the Atlantic population that differs from the stock structure currently considered for assessment and management. The consequences should be explored at both the European level and by regional managers involved in conservation outcomes.
Synchronized multidecadal trends and regime shifts in North Atlantic plankton populations
Authors: Bode A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent changes in oceanic plankton are being reported at unprecedented rates. Most changes are related to environmental factors, and many were identified as driven by climate, either through natural cycles or by anthropogenic effects. However, the separation of both effects is difficult because of the short length of most observational series. Moreover, some changes are related to trends and cycles, while others were perceived as system shifts, often synchronized over large spatial scales. Here, studies on observational series of plankton, with the focus in the North Atlantic, are reviewed. Two main periods of shifts in plankton assemblages were identified: one in the late 1980s and a more recent one at the beginning of the new millennium. While the origin and extent of most shifts varied locally, their synchronization seems to confirm the response of plankton to changes in warming and in large-scale climatic factors. Changes in species abundance and distribution patterns were generally related to hydrographic factors, but also to non-linear effects of warming, the latter particularly affecting species in regions near the limits of their thermal niches. Indeed, most of the changes were attributed to trade-offs between different biological strategies. Taken together, the reviewed case studies indicate a lagged biological response to variations in the local environment driven by large-scale climate forcing. The challenges for interpreting future shifts include considering local changes within a larger geographical area, variations in species life traits, and potential top-down effects of plankton predators.
Transaxillary implantation of a temporary microaxial left ventricular assist device in a patient with a rectangular kinked subclavian artery
Authors: Wert Leonhard , Kempfert Jörg , Falk Volkmar , Potapov Evgenij V 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transaxillary implantation of a temporary microaxial left ventricular assist device in patients suffering from cardiogenic shock is an established technique. We present a 77-year-old female patient with severe mitral regurgitation. She underwent minimally invasive surgical mitral valve replacement. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient developed acute heart failure on the 11th postoperative day. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed new onset of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with a severely decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Implantation of a microaxial flow pump for left ventricular decompression was scheduled. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a rectangular course of the right subclavian artery. To advance the Impella, we employed an introducer fitted over the guidewire behind the Impella device as a ‘cue stick’ to move the rigid part of the pump forward to overcome the kinking using a ‘shuffleboard technique’. The haemodynamic situation stabilized immediately after implantation. The Impella 5.5 was successfully weaned after 6 days of support. In the event of (rectangular) kinking of the subclavian artery, the ‘shuffleboard technique’ can be used for the successful positioning of the pump.
BTRX-246040 Acts Through the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray to Exert Antidepressant-Relevant Actions in Mice
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Rourou , Sheng Zhenyu , Chen Xinya , Liu Xueman , Lee Chau-Shoun , Peng Hsien-Yu , Lin Tzer-Bin , Hsieh Ming-Chun , Lai Cheng-Yuan , Wu Han-Fang , Chou Dylan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBTRX-246040, a nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor antagonist, is being developed for the treatment of depressive patients. However, the underlying mechanism of this potential antidepressant is still largely unclear. Here, we studied the antidepressant-related actions of BTRX-246040 in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG).MethodsThe tail suspension test, forced swim test, female urine sniffing test, sucrose preference test, and learned helplessness (LH) combined with pharmacological approaches were employed to examine the antidepressant-like effects and drug effects on LH-induced depressive-like behavior in C57BL/6J mice. Electrophysiological recordings in vlPAG neurons were used to study synaptic activity.ResultsIntraperitoneal administration of BTRX-246040 produced antidepressant-like behavioral effects in a dose-dependent manner. Systemic BTRX-246040 (10 mg/kg) resulted in an increased frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the vlPAG. Moreover, slice perfusion of BTRX-246040 directly elevated the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSCs and enhanced the evoked EPSCs in the vlPAG, which were blocked by pretreatment with the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor agonist Ro 64-6198. In addition, intra-vlPAG application of BTRX-246040 produced antidepressant-like behavioral effects in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, intra-vlPAG pretreatment with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione reversed both systemic and local BTRX-246040–mediated antidepressant-like behavioral effects. Furthermore, both systemic and local BTRX-246040 decreased the LH phenotype and reduced LH-induced depressive-like behavior.ConclusionsThe results suggested that BTRX-246040 may act through the vlPAG to exert antidepressant-relevant actions. The present study provides new insight into a vlPAG-dependent mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like actions of BTRX-246040.
Evolving landscape of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a single centre in the USA
Authors: Sakurai Aki , Dinh An Q , Hanson Blake M , Shropshire William C , Rizvi Samie A , Rydell Kirsten , Tran Truc T , Wanger Audrey , Arias Cesar A , Miller William R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The increased identification of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA) is an ongoing concern. However, information on the evolving antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular epidemiology of CR-PA over time is scarce. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of CR-PA recovered over different time periods, focusing on the isolates exhibiting a ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance phenotype.

Methods
A total of 169 CR-PA isolated from clinical specimens at a single centre in Houston, TX, USA were studied. Among them, 61 isolates collected between 1999 and 2005 were defined as historical strains, and 108 collected between 2017 and 2018 were defined as contemporary strains. Antimicrobial susceptibilities against selected β-lactams was determined. WGS data were used for the identification of antimicrobial resistance determinants and phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Non-susceptibility to ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam increased from 2% (1/59) to 17% (18/108) and from 7% (4/59) to 17% (18/108) from the historical to the contemporary collection, respectively. Carbapenemase genes, which were not identified in the historical collection, were harboured by 4.6% (5/108) of the contemporary strains, and the prevalence of ESBL genes also increased from 3.3% (2/61) to 16% (17/108). Genes encoding acquired β-lactamases were largely confined to the high-risk clones. Among ceftolozane/tazobactam-resistant isolates, non-susceptibility to ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam and cefiderocol was observed in 94% (15/16), 56% (9/16) and 12.5% (2/16), respectively. Resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam and imipenem/relebactam was primarily associated with the presence of exogenous β-lactamases.

Conclusions
Acquisition of exogenous carbapenemases and ESBLs may be a worrisome trend in P. aeruginosa.