bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological niche models of productive corn races under climate change scenarios in central‐eastern Mexico
Authors: Estrada‐Contreras Israel , Pavón Numa P. , Cadena Jessica Bravo , Bourg Amandine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCorn (Zea mays L.) is the basis of the Mexican diet. In this country, corn is produced by about 2.5 million small farmers and grown on 8.4 million hectares in rainfed agriculture. However, its production is not enough to meet demand. Climate change may negatively impact corn production, putting Mexico's food security at risk. The main goal of this work was to identify which corn races can find favorable environmental conditions in the future under climate change scenarios in the Sierra Madre Oriental. The Sierra Madre is a region highly vulnerable to climate change; in 2020, corn production was 5,785,561 Mg yr−1 of which 49.87% was from rainfed agriculture. These corn races could be proposed to replace others not tolerant to climate change, mainly at high altitudes. Potential distribution models were obtained for seven highly productive maize races. The projections were generated with the MaxLike algorithm using representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios to 2050 and 2070. In addition, general circulation models (CCSM4, GISS.E2‐R, and MPI‐ESM‐LR) were used. Our results show that the Tabloncillo and Tuxpeño races could slightly increase their potential distribution in the future. Both corn races present the highest number of municipalities with adequate environmental conditions for their future presence. As a strategy for adaptation to climate change, it is proposed to replace or complement maize races in high‐altitude areas with other tropical ones with greater tolerance to high temperatures, such as the Tuxpeño race.
Removal of apical dominance in common buckwheat improves grain fill and yield
Authors: Zhang Yu , He Peiyun , Huang Xiaoyan , Huang Kaifeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPoor grain filling and light grain test weight limit the grain yield potential of crops. The quality of grain filling is closely related to the grains on the position of the plant. This study assesses the positive effect of apical dominance removal treatment (ADR) on poor grain filling and the yield formation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Common buckwheat cultivar “Fengtian 1” was used to study the effects of ADR on grain filling, starch synthesis enzyme activities, endogenous hormone content, root morphology and physiology, and yield. Compared to no apical dominance removal (CK), the grain filling rate, abscisic acid (ABA), and indo‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content of grains of the ADR treatment were increased by 54.9%, 26.2%, and 24.5%, respectively. The ADR treatment had better root growth and stronger antioxidant enzyme activity than the CK treatment. The grains per plant, grain weight per plant, and yield in the ADR treatment were 1.17, 1.34, and 1.12 times higher than the CK treatment, respectively. The findings indicate high starch synthesis activity, and high ABA and IAA contents accounted for the increased grain weight and filling rate of buckwheat grains in the ADR treatment. This research demonstrates potential for improved management in buckwheat production to increase the yield and improve the grain quality.
Statistical kinetic modeling procedure for cationic polymerization and its application to polyisobutylene
Authors: Shim Sang H. , Choi Junkeol , Lee Seungcheol , Lee Jay H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA statistical modeling procedure is established for carbocation polymerization with the characteristics of living with chain transfer. A single state model is suggested for cases of narrow molecular weight distribution, whereas a multi‐state model is claimed for cases of broad distribution. In the multi‐state case, it is demonstrated how the overall kinetics can be derived using the expectations and variances of the kinetic parameters rather than those of individual states, thereby simplifying the modeling step. Although the expectation and variance do not follow the relationship of the Arrhenius equation, a procedure is given for how to account for temperature dependence. The proposed statistical method minimizes the number of parameters to identify and therefore is expected to help establish a model with fewer experiments. The whole procedure is demonstrated through an experimental study of isobutylene polymerization.
Simulation of mass transfer and kinetics during double‐network formation using a heterogeneous model
Authors: Jin Jie , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA detailed heterogeneous model considering the thermodynamic incompatibility was developed to simulate polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PU/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) formation. The Gibbs free energy was calculated to predict the phase separation point and a two‐film theory was used to quantify the mass transfer between the PU‐rich phase and the PMMA‐rich phase. Compared with the homogeneous model, the cross‐linking density of PMMA increases rapidly during the network formation, because the monomer dispersion in two phases improves the possibility of free radical cross‐linking reaction, whereas the cross‐linking density of PU is unaffected. Simulations show that the partitioning of monomer significantly affects the PMMA network structure. The phase separation is strongly dependent on the onset of MMA polymerization. The proposed model allows visualizing of the IPN formation process and provides direction for reducing the extent of phase separation. Moreover, the structural information derived from the simulations can be further related to the properties.
Association between comorbid mental illness and preceding emergency department visits in unplanned admissions
Authors: Okuma Ayako , Nakajima Mikio , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakamura Kensuke , Goto Tadahiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between comorbid mental illness and preceding emergency department (ED) visits in patients with unplanned admission.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study using data from the EDs of three large tertiary medical facilities in Japan. We included adult patients who were admitted to these hospitals via the ED from 2017 to 2020. To investigate whether patients with mental illness were more likely to have preceding ED visits within 30 days prior to unplanned admissions compared with those without, we used univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. In the multivariable model, we adjusted for age category, gender, facility, year, and ambulance use.ResultsOut of 15,429 total admissions, 766 (5.0%) cases had documented comorbid mental illness and 14,663 (95.0%) did not. The prevalence of preceding ED visits among patients with mental illness was significantly higher than in those without (17.1% vs 8.8%; unadjusted odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–2.61; P < 0.001). This association was more prominent in the multivariable regression model (adjusted odds ratio 2.40, 95% CI 1.97–2.94; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of mental illness was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of preceding ED visits within 30 days prior to the unplanned admission. The result suggests that physicians should be more cautious in discharging patients with mental illness from the EDs and in providing care after ED discharge.
Low Concentration Sulfolane‐Based Electrolyte for High Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Zhang Hao , Lu Jun , Li Ge 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrolyte engineering is crucial for the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Here, lithium metal is stabilized in the highly reactive sulfolane‐based electrolyte under low concentration (0.25 M) for the first time. Inorganic‐polymer hybrid solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with high ionic conductivity, low bonding with lithium and high flexibility enables dense chunky lithium deposition and high plating/stripping efficiency. Low concentration electrolyte (LCE) also enables excellent cycling stability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523)/Li cells at 1 C (90.7 % retention after 500 cycles) and 0.3 C (83.3 % retention after 1000 cycles). With a low N/P ratio (≈2), the capacity retention for NCM523/Li cells can achieve 94.3 % after 100 cycles at 0.3 C. Exploring the LCE is of paramount significance because it provides more possibilities of the lithium salt selections, especially reviving some lithium salts that are excluded before due to their low solubility. More importantly, LCE has the significant advantage of commercialization due to its cost‐effectiveness.
In‐Situ Constructing A Heterogeneous Layer on Lithium Metal Anodes for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition and High Li‐ion Flux
Authors: Liu Hong‐Jun , Yang Cheng‐Ye , Han Mei‐Chen , Yu Chun‐Yu , Li Xiaofeng , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Qu Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConstructing efficient artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film is extremely vital for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a dense artificial SEI film, in which lithiophilic Zn/LixZny are uniformly but nonconsecutively dispersed in the consecutive Li+‐conductors of LixSiOy, Li2O and LiOH, is constructed via the in situ reaction of layered zinc silicate nanosheets and Li. The consecutive Li+‐conductors can promote the desolvation process of solvated‐Li+ and regulate the transfer of lithium ions. The nonconsecutive lithiophilic metals are polarized by the internal electric field to boost the transfer of lithium ions, and lower the nucleation barrier. Therefore, a low polarization of ≈50 mV for 750 h at 2.0 mA cm−2 in symmetric cells, and a high capacity retention of 99.2 % in full cells with a high lithium iron phosphate areal loading of ≈13 mg cm−2 are achieved. This work offers new sights to develop advanced alkali metal anodes for efficient energy storage.
Enhancing Built‐in Electric Fields for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Encapsulating C60 Fullerene into Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Liu Liping , Meng Haibing , Chai Yongqiang , Chen Xianjie , Xu Jingyi , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Weixu , Guldi Dirk M. , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficiency photocatalysts based on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are often limited by poor charge separation and slow charge‐transfer kinetics. Herein, a novel MOF photocatalyst is successfully constructed by encapsulating C60 into a nano‐sized zirconium‐based MOF, NU‐901. By virtue of host‐guest interactions and uneven charge distribution, a substantial electrostatic potential difference is set‐up in C60@NU‐901. The direct consequence is a robust built‐in electric field, which tends to be 10.7 times higher in C60@NU‐901 than that found in NU‐901. In the catalyst, photogenerated charge carriers are efficiently separated and transported to the surface. For example, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaches 22.3 mmol g−1 h−1 for C60@NU‐901, which is among the highest values for MOFs. Our concept of enhancing charge separation by harnessing host‐guest interactions constitutes a promising strategy to design photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion.
Skalierbare Synthese von Multi‐Metall‐Elektrokatalysatorpulvern und ‐elektroden und ihre Anwendung für die Sauerstoffentwicklung und Wasserspaltung
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Antony Rajini P. , Krysiak Olga A. , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Saddeler Sascha , Telaar Pascal , Chen Yen‐Ting , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMultimetall‐Elektrokatalysatoren bieten nahezu unbegrenzte katalytische Möglichkeiten, die sich aus synergistischen Elementwechselwirkungen ergeben. Wir schlagen eine Polymer/Metallsalz‐Sprühtechnik vor, die leicht angepasst werden kann, um eine große Vielfalt von Multimetall‐Katalysatormaterialien mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung herzustellen. Um dies zu demonstrieren, wurden 11 Katalysatoren synthetisiert, charakterisiert und für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) untersucht. Weitere Untersuchungen des aktivsten OER‐Katalysators, nämlich CoNiFeMoCr, ergaben eine polykristalline Struktur, und Operando‐Raman‐Messungen deuten darauf hin, dass mehrere aktive Zentren an der Reaktion beteiligt sind. Darüber hinaus wurden auf Ni‐Schaum basierende CoNiFeMoCr‐Elektroden entwickelt und für die Wasserspaltung in Durchflusselektrolysezellen mit Elektrolytspalten und in “zero‐gap” Membran‐Elektroden‐Anordnungen (MEA) eingesetzt. Die alkalischen MEA‐Elektrolyseure erreichten bis zu 3 A cm−2, und 24‐Stunden‐Messungen zeigten keinen Verlust der Stromdichte von 1 A cm−2.
Metal‐Backboned Polymers with Well‐Defined Lengths
Authors: Zeng Kaiwen , Yang Yibei , Xu Jianing , Wang Ning , Tang Weiqiang , Xu Jianchen , Zhang Yifeng , Wu Yanruzhen , Xu Yifei , Wang Guowei , Chen Peining , Wang Bingjie , Sun Xuemei , Jin Guoxin , Peng Huisheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConstructing the backbones of polymers with metal atoms is an attractive strategy to develop new functional polymeric materials, but it has yet to be studied due to synthetic challenges. Here, metal atoms are interconnected as the backbones of polymers to yield metal‐backboned polymers (MBPs). Rational design of multidentate ligands synthesized via an efficient iterative approach leads to the successful construction of a series of nickel‐backboned polymers (NBPs) with well‐defined lengths and up to 21 nickel atoms, whose structures are systematically confirmed. These NBPs exhibit strong and length‐depended absorption with narrow band gaps, offering promising applications in optoelectronic devices and semiconductors. We also demonstrate the high thermal stability and solution processsability of such nickel‐backboned polymers. Our results represent a new opportunity to design and synthesize a variety of new metal‐backboned polymers for promising applications in the future.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Doyle–Kirmse Reaction of Azide‐Ynamides via α‐Imino Copper Carbenes
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Li‐Gao , Chen Can‐Ming , Li Xiao , Xu Zhou , Lu Xin , Zhou Bo , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract[2,3]‐Sigmatropic rearrangement reaction involving sulfonium ylide (Doyle–Kirmse reaction) generated from metal carbenes represents one of the powerful methods for the construction of C(sp3)−S and C−C bonds. Although significant advances have been achieved, the asymmetric versions via the generation of sulfonium ylides from metal carbenes have been rarely reported to date, and they have so far been limited to diazo compounds as metal carbene precursors. Here, we describe a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective Doyle–Kirmse reaction via azide‐ynamide cyclization, leading to the practical and divergent assembly of an array of chiral [1,4]thiazino[3,2‐b]indoles bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter in generally moderate to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Importantly, this protocol represents a unique catalytic asymmetric Doyle–Kirmse reaction via a non‐diazo approach and an unprecedented asymmetric [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement via α‐imino metal carbenes.
Scalable Synthesis of Multi‐Metal Electrocatalyst Powders and Electrodes and their Application for Oxygen Evolution and Water Splitting
Authors: Cechanaviciute Ieva A. , Antony Rajini P. , Krysiak Olga A. , Quast Thomas , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Saddeler Sascha , Telaar Pascal , Chen Yen‐Ting , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMulti‐metal electrocatalysts provide nearly unlimited catalytic possibilities arising from synergistic element interactions. We propose a polymer/metal precursor spraying technique that can easily be adapted to produce a large variety of compositional different multi‐metal catalyst materials. To demonstrate this, 11 catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Further investigation of the most active OER catalyst, namely CoNiFeMoCr, revealed a polycrystalline structure, and operando Raman measurements indicate that multiple active sites are participating in the reaction. Moreover, Ni foam‐supported CoNiFeMoCr electrodes were developed and applied for water splitting in flow‐through electrolysis cells with electrolyte gaps and in zero‐gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configurations. The proposed alkaline MEA‐type electrolyzers reached up to 3 A cm−2, and 24 h measurements demonstrated no loss of current density of 1 A cm−2.
Influence of multiple slips and magnetic effects on the quadratic convective flow over a vertical wedge
Authors: Patil Prabhugouda M. , Benawadi Sunil , Hiremath Prakash S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the quadratic convective flow of Williamson nanoliquid with the impacts of velocity, thermal and concentration slips over a vertical wedge. Further, the magnetic effects and the Buongiorno two‐phase nanoparticle model are considered. The study of this type of flows over a vertical wedge appears in various engineering applications such as thermal insulation, engine parts of vehicles, aerospace, crude oil extraction and heat exchangers. The physical problem is formulated as a set of quadratic coupled partial differential equations (PDEs), which are dimensional. Further, the dimensionless PDEs obtained by the non‐similar transformations are solved with the aid of the implicit finite difference method and the Quasilinearization technique. The effects of slip parameters, streamwise coordinate, fluid material parameters and magnetic field on various gradients and profiles are explored through graphs. The greater values of concentration slip and thermal slip parameters improve the concentration and temperature profiles, but the fluid's velocity is reduced with the velocity slip parameter. The streamwise coordinate significantly influences the fluid's velocity more than the concentration and temperature profiles. The velocity and skin friction coefficient are pronounced more for a higher wedge angle. Also, the numerical results of this investigation compared to similar works that have been published before show that they are very consistent.
Preparation and properties research of a bifunctional hydrophobic associative polymer drag reduction agent for slick water
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zhou Chengyu , Li Yifan , Zhou Min , Zeng Linghao , Li Benhui , Fan Yuzhu , Bao Dan , Chen Wenke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, the bifunctional hydrophobic associative polymer of Acrylamide/2‐Acrylamido‐2‐Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid/Lauryl Methacrylate/N,N‐dodecyl Acrylamide (AALD12) with better salt resistance and shear resistance was synthesized by free‐radical micelle polymerization for use as a drag reduction in shale slip water fracturing. In deionized water, the critical associative concentration (CAC) of AALD12 was 0.23%. AALD12 was determined to be theoretically usable for a shale reservoir within 240°C based on its TG study. Microstructure, viscoelasticity, and shear recovery tests show that the polymer has good drag reduction potential and shear resistance. The reduction rates of the polymer AALD12 and the drag reduction agent RSH‐1 in clear water were 77% and 73% (RSH‐1 is a commonly used emulsion‐type drag reduction agent in the market). At the same salt concentration (K+ and Ca2+, 50,000 ppm) and flow rate (40 L/min), AALD12 can maintain a maximum reduction rate of about 63%. The drag reduction rate of RSH‐1 in K+ and Ca2+ solutions can only be maintained at about 52% and 28%, respectively. In the shear resistance test, AALD12 and RSH‐1 were each subjected to three times of cyclic shear in the test pipe. The drag reduction rate of the polymer AALD12 solution can still reach more than 72%. The drag reduction rate of the RSH‐1 solution is about 56%. The drag reduction agent has good salt resistance and anti‐shear bifunction.
High‐performance quaternized hollow fiber membrane with sponge pore structure for fast adsorbing dichloroacetic acid from water by flow‐through adsorption
Authors: Guo Yao‐Shen , Chen Cheng , Lin Chun‐Er , Zhu Li‐Ping , Liu Hong‐Xing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDichloroacetic acid (DCAA), one of the disinfection by‐products in water, has showed critical harm to human health since it can cause cancer, teratogen and mutagen. Herein, a quaternized hollow fiber membrane was fabricated by ring‐open reaction via a facile one‐step immersion method, which could fast adsorb DCAA by flow‐through adsorption. The obtained membrane with a sponge pore structure, which was quaternized at 60°C in an alkaline solution, exhibited excellent adsorption performance with removal percentage of 100%, life span up to 100 L and treating capacity of 24.8 mg m−2. Meanwhile, the optimal membrane exhibited the exceptional performance in a neutral test solution compared with acid or alkaline test solution. It was concluded that electrostatic attraction between positively charged quaternary ammonium groups and negatively charged DCAA was responsible for the adsorption mechanism. Additionally, fitting results indicated that the adsorption of DCAA onto the membrane was mainly dominated by homogeneous monolayer adsorption. This work developed a facile approach to prepare a novel quaternized membrane with outstanding adsorption performance, which demonstrated huge potentials in the molecular separation and water purification fields.
On the probability of Magnus Carlsen reaching 2900
Authors: Bendre Sohan , Maharaj Shiva , Polson Nick , Sokolov Vadim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow likely is it that Magnus Carlsen will achieve his goal of a 2900 Elo rating? At what level of play does Magnus have a reasonable chance of reaching the 2900 goal? These two questions are of great current interest to Magnus and the chess community. The probabilistic properties of Elo's rating system are well known, and together with a Brownian motion model of rating evolution, we use simulation‐based methods to address these questions. Our model assesses that Magnus has a 4.5% chance of reaching 2900 if he continues his 2020–2022 level of play. However, this increases dramatically to % chance if he can repeat his hot streak performance of 2019 which is not an easy undertaking. The probabilities are intimately related to Elo's choice ‐factor used for grandmaster chess play. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the policy issues involved with the choice of ‐factor.
An enhanced electron transport chain improved astaxanthin production in Phaffia rhodozyma
Authors: Luna‐Flores Carlos H. , Wang Alexander , Cui Zhenling , von Hellens Juhani , Speight Robert E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAstaxanthin (AX) is a carotenoid pigment with antioxidant properties widely used as a feed supplement. Wild‐type strains of Phaffia rhodozyma naturally produce low AX yields, but we increased AX yields 50‐fold in previous research using random mutagenesis of P. rhodozyma CBS6938 and fermentation optimization. On that study, genome changes were linked with phenotype, but relevant metabolic changes were not resolved. In this study, the wild‐type and the superior P. rhodozyma mutant strains were grown in chemically defined media and instrumented fermenters. Differential kinetic, metabolomics, and transcriptomics data were collected. Our results suggest that carotenoid production was mainly associated with cell growth and had a positive regulation of central carbon metabolism metabolites, amino acids, and fatty acids. In the stationary phase, amino acids associated with the TCA cycle increased, but most of the fatty acids and central carbon metabolism metabolites decreased. TCA cycle metabolites were in abundance and media supplementation of citrate, malate, α‐ketoglutarate, succinate, or fumarate increased AX production in the mutant strain. Transcriptomic data correlated with the metabolic and genomic data and found a positive regulation of genes associated with the electron transport chain suggesting this to be the main driver for improved AX production in the mutant strain.