bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REGULASI PENYIMPANGAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PADA TINDAK PIDANA MALWARE BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2016
Authors: Rachmadie Donovan Typhano , Supanto ' 
Published: May 2023

<p>Abstrak<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan pidana penerapan artificial intelligence pada tindak pidana malware berdasarkan Undang-Undang nomor 19 tahun 2016 tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statue approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach). Penelitian menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan bahan non hukum yang berkaitan. Perkembangan teknologi telah merubah kehidupan masyarakat, akibat perkembangan tersebut dunia menambah dimensi kehidupan yang mana hal itu selaras dengan berkembangnya kejahatan teknologi. Dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa penerapan AI dalam tindak pidana malware merupakan kategori computer-related crime karena pemanfaatan komputer dan teknologi AI sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan kejahatan. Aturan-aturan pidana yang dapat menjerat perbuatan tersebut adalah KUHP, UU Hak Cipta, UU TPPU, UU Transfer Dana, UU Dokumen Perusahaan, Permenkominfo no 20 tahun 2016 dan UU Terorisme. Namun UU ITE sebagai lex specialis dan lex posterior merupakan hukum positif yang paling tepat dalam menjerat tindak pidana tersebut meskipun terdapat kelemahan bahwa tidak disebutkan secara eksplisit pengaturan mengenai malware dan AI. <br />Kata Kunci : Malware; Artificial Intelligence/Kecerdasan Buatan; Cyber Crime; UU ITE.</p><p>Abstract<br />This study aims to determine the criminal regulation for the application of artificial intelligence in criminal acts of malware based on criminal law in Indonesia, especially in Law number 19 of 2016 concerning amendments to Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. This research is a type of normative legal research that is prescriptive in nature with the law approach (statue approach) and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The study uses primary, secondary and related non-legal material. Technological developments have changed people’s lives, as a result of these developments the world added a dimension of life which was in harmony with the development of technological crime. The results showed that the application of AI in malware criminal acts is a category of computer-related crime due to the use of computers and AI technology as a tool in committing crimes. Criminal rules that can ensnare such acts are the Criminal Code, the Copyright Act, the TPPU Law, the Fund Transfer Act, the Company Document Law, the Ministry of Communication and Information No. 20 of 2016 and the Terrorism Law. However, the ITE Law as lex specialis and lex posterior is the most positive positive law in ensnaring these crimes despite the weakness that there is no explicit mention of the regulation regarding malware and AI.<br />Keywords : Malware; Artifical Intelligence; Cyber Crime; ITE Law.</p>
‘We delivered at home out of fear’: Maternity Care in Rural Nigeria During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iliyasu Zubairu , Umar Amina A. , Gaya Fatima S. , Nass Nafisa S. , Abdullahi Hadiza M. , Kwaku Aminatu A. , Amole Taiwo G. , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah I. , Galadanci Hadiza S. , Salihu Hamisu M. , Aliyu Muktar H. 
Published: May 2023

Background and Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic response overwhelmed health systems, disrupting other services, including maternal health services. The disruptive effects on the utilization of maternal health services in low-resource settings, including Nigeria have not been well documented. We assessed maternal health service utilization, predictors, and childbirth experiences amidst COVID-19 restrictions in a rural community of Kumbotso, Kano State, in northern Nigeria.

Methods:
Using an explanatory mixed methods design, 389 mothers were surveyed in January 2022 using validated interviewer-administered questionnaires, followed by in-depth interviews with a sub-sample (n=20). Data were analyzed using logistic regression models and the framework approach.

Results:
Less than one-half (n=165, 42.4%) of women utilized maternal health services during the period of COVID-19 restrictions compared with nearly two-thirds (n=237, 65.8%) prior to the period (p<0.05). Non-utilization was mainly due to fear of contracting COVID-19 (n=122, 54.5%), clinic overcrowding (n=43, 19.2%), transportation challenges (n=34, 15.2%), and harassment by security personnel (n=24, 10.7%). The utilization of maternal health services was associated with participant’s post-secondary education (aOR=2.06, 95% CI:1.14- 11.40) (p=0.02), and employment type (civil service, aOR=4.60, 95% CI: 1.17-19.74) (p<0.001), business aOR=1.94, 95% CI:1.19- 4.12) (p=0.032) and trading aOR=1.62, 95% CI:1.19-2.94) (p=0.04)). Women with higher household monthly income (≥ N30,000, equivalent to 60 US Dollars) (aOR=1.53, 95% CI:1.13-2.65) (p=0.037), who adhered to COVID-19 preventive measures and utilized maternal health services before the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to utilize those services during the COVID-19 restrictions. In contrast, mothers of higher parity (≥5 births) were less likely to use maternal health services during the lockdown (aOR=0.30, 95% CI:0.10-0.86) (p=0.03). Utilization of maternal services was also associated with partner education and employment type.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications:
The utilization of maternal health services declined during the COVID-19 restrictions. Utilization was hindered by fear of contracting COVID-19, transport challenges, and harassment by security personnel. Maternal and partner characteristics, adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and pre-COVID maternity service utilization influenced attendance. There is a need to build resilient health systems and contingent alternative service delivery models for future pandemics.
Towards web-based adaptive learning on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia care for nursing staff of long-term care facilities: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kim Dayeong , Choi Young-Rim , Lee Ye-Na , Park Won Hee , Kwon Dai-Young , Chang Sung Ok 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Continuing education in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is faced with a transition to distance learning, such as web-based education, as demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. As behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are managed by integrative direct care of nursing staff that includes nurses, nursing assistants, and care workers whose educational background and needs are diverse, an effective and efficient web-based education with concrete pedagogical and theoretical basis is needed. In this context, adaptive learning could be considered an innovative educational strategy that enables individual approaches to focus on only the necessary elements by adapting time and content according to individual needs. Therefore, we aimed to develop an adaptive learning web-based BPSD education system for LTCFs nursing staff.Methods The adaptive learning web-based BPSD education was developed based on the frameworks of BPSD education and adaptive learning models. The system was developed as a Google Chrome-based website with an embedded artificial intelligence chatbot that promoted an interactive learning experience. The educational program was evaluated with a multisite single-blinded quasi-experimental design. The experimental group (N = 28) received an adaptive learning system that allowed learners to adapt the educational content according to their prior knowledge. The control group (N = 30) received a web-based learning system that could not be adapted.Results All components of learning effectiveness, including BPSD competence, BPSD knowledge, and self-efficacy, were significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group (p = .036; p = .003; and p = .002; respectively). System satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p = .002), and 75% of the participants in the experimental group actively adapted their individual educational contents.Conclusions This study developed and evaluated an adaptive learning web-based BPSD education system for LTCF nursing staff. From a pedagogical theory and educational framework basis, it was identified that the adaptive learning system had positive outcomes on learning and system effectiveness, which suggest an innovative strategy toward a ‘new normal’ education for nursing staff of LTCFs in the post-COIVD-19 era.
Ethanol causes cell death and neuronal differentiation defect during initial neurogenesis of the neural retina by disrupting calcium signaling in human retinal organoids
Authors: Gong Yu , Ge Lingling , Li Qiyou , Gong Jing , Chen Min , Gao Hui , Kang Jiahui , Yu Ting , Li Jiawen , Xu Haiwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Over 90% of children with fetal alcohol syndrome live with ocular aberration due to the susceptible and intricate human eye development process. Initial neurogenesis of the neural retina around six-week gestation is the critical period of human eye development while sustaining the highest risk of prenatal ethanol exposure because of ignorance of early pregnancy. However, the influence and mechanism of short-term ethanol exposure on this developmental process of the human neural retina remain largely unknown.
Methods: To faithfully recapitulate the initial retinal neurogenesis of human neural retina, human embryonic stem cell derived retinal organoids (hROs) were induced and identified by immunostaining. Morphological measurement was performed to primarily assess the influence of short-term ethanol exposure on the growth of neural retina. TUNNEL assay, immunostaining, and flow cytometry were utilized to detect cell death, retinal ganglion cell differentiation, and cell cycle progression in hROs. Bulk RNA-seq analysis and cnet plotting were performed to screen signaling pathway and regulated genes of ethanol treatment. GCaMP5G-expressing human embryonic stem cells were constructed by transduction of pLOV-CMV-GCaMP5G and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Two-photon microscope live calcium imaging were utilized to reveal altered calcium signaling dynamics after ethanol treatment. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to verify the expression of screened potential targeted genes of ethanol treatment.
Results: The hROs from D24 to D30 well recapitulate the initial neurogenesis of the human neural retina around six-week gestation in vivo at the histological, cellular, and molecular level. 1% (v/v) ethanol slowed the growth of hROs by inducing robust cell death and retinal ganglion cell differentiation defect. Calcium signaling dynamics was proved significantly altered and derived from ethanol-induced down-regulation of RYR1and CACNA1S. Moreover, the calcium-binding protein RET, one of the downstream effector genes of the calcium signaling pathway, synergistically integrates ethanol and calcium signals to abort neuron differentiation and cause cell death.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that short-term ethanol exposure greatly impaired the initial neurogenesis of hROs by disrupting the RYR1 related calcium signaling. These results may help us elaborate on more detailed principles of ethanol-induced teratogenesis and instruct the rational application of alcohol and ethanol-contained drugs during pregnancy.
Comprehensive analysis to identify age-associated genes in atherosclerosis and explore specific mechanisms
Authors: Ran Xianwen , Li Yongge , Liu Zhibo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Age is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the precise mechanisms between them remain unclear, and this study combined aging and atherosclerosis genes in a comprehensive analysis. Gene expression profiles were obtained from the GEO database, and limma difference analysis and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were carried out on them respectively. Functional enrichment analysis and genomic enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) databases. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration between the disease and control groups. The LASSO algorithm was used to obtain the hub gene and a diagnostic model was developed and finally validated in an external dataset. We identified that CCL3 expression is increased in senescent macrophages and regulates macrophage polarization by binding to CCR5. In this study, we analyzed the biological significance of aging-related genes in atherosclerosis and their correlation with immune infiltration, which may provide a new perspective for clinical treatment.
Management of prolonged second stage of labour in a rural setting in Malawi: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bakker Wouter , Dorp Elisabeth van , Phiri Timothy , Kazembe Misheck , Nkotola Alfred , Roosmalen Jos van , Akker Thomas van den 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Prolonged second stage of labour potentially leads to maternal and perinatal complications. Options for clinical management are augmentation with oxytocin, instrumental vaginal birth or second-stage caesarean section. We aimed to describe incidence, management and outcome of prolonged second stage of labour in a low-resource setting in Malawi.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of medical records and partographs of all women who gave birth in 2015-2016 in a rural mission hospital in Malawi, comparing labour tracings with management protocols. Primary outcomes were incidence of prolonged second stage, instrumental vaginal birth and caesarean section. Furthermore, management and outcomes were assessed. Women arriving in hospital in the second stage of labour were compared to women arriving in an earlier stage of labour.
Results
Of all 3,426 women giving birth in the study period, 307 (9.0%) were diagnosed with prolonged second stage, based on their partographs. Of these women, 22 (7.2%) had labour augmented with oxytocin, 31 (10.1%) gave birth by vacuum extraction and 64 (20.9%) by caesarean section. Spontaneous vaginal birth occurred in 212 (69.0%). In total, 566/3,426 (16.5%) women were admitted whilst already in the second stage of labour of whom 538/566 (95.1%) had spontaneous vaginal births and 38/566 (6.7%) ended up having prolonged second stage registered in their partographs.
Conclusion
Prolonged second stage of labour is relatively common in this hospital, although diagnosis may be hampered by a very sizeable proportion of women arriving whilst already in the second stage, although a large majority of these women gave birth spontaneously. Caesarean section occurred twice as often as vacuum extraction, suggesting a role for additional training and decision-making during childbirth to support the use of vacuum extraction.
Association of endotoxaemia with low grade inflammation, metabolic syndrome and distinct response to lipopolysaccharide in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Fedulovs Aleksejs , Pahirko Leonora , Jēkabsons Kaspars , Kunrade Līga , Valeinis Jānis , Riekstiņa Una , Pīrāgs Valdis , Sokolovska Jelizaveta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mechanisms of endotoxaemia as a source of low grade inflammation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not clear enough. We investigated the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), endogenous anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb IgG and IgM) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) in T1D. 74 patients with T1D and 33 control subjects were included. Higher levels of hsCRP and EndoCAb IgG were observed in T1D compared to control (p = 0.002 and p = 0.091, respectively). LBP (\(\beta\) = 0.29 (0.08; 0.50), p = 0.007), EndoCAb IgG (\(\beta\) = 0.25 (0.04; 0.46), p = 0.019) and LPS were significantly associated with hsCRP in T1D. In contrast to the situation in the control group, LPS did not correlate with LBP, EndoCAb, leukocytes and HDL in T1D. Within T1D group, patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) had higher level of LPS compared to patients without MS (MS 0.42 (0.35–0.56), no MS 0.34 (0.3–0.4), p = 0.009) and MS was associated with LPS (OR = 3.3 (1.6; 6.8), p = 0.001) and EndoCAb IgM (OR = 0.43 (0.20; 0.91), p = 0.027). To conclude, endotoxaemia is associated with low grade inflammation, MS and distinct response to LPS in T1D.
DNMT1 can induce primary germ layer differentiation through de novo DNA methylation
Authors: Tada Masako , Ito Takamasa , Kubiura-Ichimaru Musashi , Miura Fumihito , Yamaguchi Shinpei , Tajima Shoji , Surani M. Azim , Ito Takashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
DNA methyltransferases and TET enzymes dynamically regulate the DNA methylation-demethylation cycles during mouse embryonic development. DNMT1 maintains cell-specific DNA methylation after DNA replication. However, little is known about the physiological significance of the de novo methylation enzymatic potential of DNMT1, which has attracted much attention. Here, we show that the full-length DNMT1 and a mutant form without the N-terminal necessary for its maintenance activity potentially inhibit the differentiation of mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cells lacking Dnmt1, 3a and 3b into primitive endoderm cells. However, the mutant cells could differentiate into epiblast-like cells and beyond, leading to cell-autonomous mesendoderm differentiation. Strikingly, we found that in response to Nodal signalling and the increased concurrent access of DNMT1 and TET enzymes resulting from chromatin relaxation activated primordial germ cell-specific genes. With the precise target selectivity by its N-terminal region, DNMT1 may be involved in gene regulation leading to germline development.
The Metabolic Fate of Izencitinib, a Gut-selective Pan-JAK Inhibitor, in Humans. Identification of Unusual Fecal Metabolites and Implications for MIST Evaluation.
Authors: Yeola Suresh , Badagnani Ilaria , Huang Xiaojun , Segraves Nathanial L. , Rapta Miroslav , Borin Marie T. , Obedencio Glenmar P. , Fitch William L. , Baillie Thomas A. , Bourdet David L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Izencitinib is a novel, orally administered pan-JAK inhibitor designed as a gut-selective therapy that was under development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The objectives of this study were to define the mass balance, routes and rates of excretion, and metabolic fate of izencitinib after oral administration of [14C]-izencitinib in humans. Six healthy adult male subjects were administered a single 100 mg (~ 300 mCi) oral dose of [14C]-izencitinib. Fecal excretion was the dominant route of elimination with > 90% of the administered dose recovered in the feces. Plasma concentrations of total radioactivity and izencitinib were low with the mean terminal half-life of total radioactivity (138 h) exceeding that of izencitinib (32.4 h). Izencitinib represented approximately 17% of the total circulating radioactivity, suggesting the presence of multiple circulating plasma metabolites. However, no metabolites exceeded 10% of total drug-related material in plasma. The major metabolites in feces, M18 and M9, were found to have unusual structures that reflected the presence of a nucleophilic carbon center in the naphthyridine ring of izencitinib. Proposed mechanisms for the formation of these metabolites involved oxidation and rearrangement (M18) and a one-carbon addition, potentially occurring through reaction with endogenous formaldehyde (M9). Given the gut-selective properties of izencitinib, it is proposed that these novel fecal metabolites are the most relevant for evaluating the impact of metabolism on the pharmacological and toxicological properties of izencitinib, and that the circulating plasma metabolite profile is of little consequence in the assessment of the safety characteristics of izencitinib metabolites.
Analysis of Biomass as feedstock in a CLC-based polygeneration process for CO2 valorization
Authors: Sunkara Sushma , Pankhedkar Nimish , Dwivedi Abhishek , Gudi Ravindra , Biswas Pratim , Bhargava Suresh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
From the viewpoint of circular economy, the utilization of biomass as a preferred feedstock for power generation with carbon capture has become prevalent. Biomass utilization leads to a negative global carbon balance by leveraging its inherent carbon which was absorbed from the atmosphere. While Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has been a promising carbon capture technology for solid fuels such as coal, this paper further explores the feasibility of using biomass as fuel in CLC along with the valorization of CO2 to useful chemicals. In light of the same, a polygeneration approach utilizing biomass has been proposed to produce power and value-added chemicals (Methanol and DME). Biomass has a significant amount of oxygen and a higher H:C ratio in comparison with conventional fuels like coal. The effect of the same has been evaluated by developing novel process configurations and comparing both feedstocks. Detailed techno-feasibility analysis on the schemes, and optimization studies to maximize the performance of the system in terms of Energetics, CO2 mitigation, and profitability have been carried out. From the analysis, it has been identified that the usage of biomass in CLC configuration results in higher chemical production rates and higher profits with lesser CO2 emissions in comparison to coal. The above analysis and evaluation have been carried out through simulations using Aspen Plus ® software.
‘People that suffer or have been through it know the answers’: Stakeholders’ perspectives on improving healthcare systems for end-of-life care in chronic obstructive airways disease
Authors: Landers Amanda , Pitama Suzanne G , Palmer Suetonia C , Beckert Lutz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive and disabling lung condition with a high mortality. Our research has shown that health care for end-of-life COPD is poorly integrated. Involving people with end-of-life COPD, their support people and health professionals in the design of healthcare services may improve the delivery of care for advanced COPD, including informing system-level quality improvement.
Design: We conducted a focus group study involving stakeholders of healthcare services: people with end-of life COPD, support people, bereaved support people, and community- and hospital-based health care professionals.
Methods: We conducted qualitative analysis using deductive structural coding, and then inductive descriptive and pattern coding. Analyses were triangulated by investigators. The research positioned people with end-of-life COPD, their support people and health professionals as experts in healthcare services. Critical theory and Actor-Network theory informed the analysis.
Results: Seven focus groups involving 74 participants reported their experiences of end-of-life care for COPD. Five themes related to healthcare systems responses to improving care quality were identified: governance, system integration, resource design and development, standardisation of processes, and communication.
Conclusion: Stakeholders provided multiple healthcare system-level responses to end-of-life care in COPD that could inform healthcare service design and clinical quality improvement.