bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in Hohhot, China: a time-varying SQEIAHR model analysis
Authors: Ma Yifei , Xu Shujun , Luo Yuxin , Qin Yao , Li Jiantao , Lei Lijian , He Lu , Wang Tong , Yu Hongmei , Xie Jun 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundOn September 28, 2022, the first case of Omicron subvariant BF.7 was discovered among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections in Hohhot, China, and then the epidemic broke out on a large scale during the National Day holiday. It is imminently necessary to construct a mathematical model to investigate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Hohhot.MethodsIn this study, we first investigated the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Hohhot, including the spatiotemporal distribution and sociodemographic distribution. Then, we proposed a time-varying Susceptible-Quarantined Susceptible-Exposed-Quarantined Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Hospitalized-Removed (SQEIAHR) model to derive the epidemic curves. The next-generation matrix method was used to calculate the effective reproduction number (Re). Finally, we explored the effects of higher stringency measures on the development of the epidemic through scenario analysis.ResultsOf the 4,889 positive infected cases, the vast majority were asymptomatic and mild, mainly concentrated in central areas such as Xincheng District. People in the 30–59 age group primarily were affected by the current outbreak, accounting for 53.74%, but females and males were almost equally affected (1.03:1). Community screening (35.70%) and centralized isolation screening (26.28%) were the main ways to identify positive infected cases. Our model predicted the peak of the epidemic on October 6, 2022, the dynamic zero-COVID date on October 15, 2022, a number of peak cases of 629, and a cumulative number of infections of 4,963 (95% confidential interval (95%CI): 4,692 ~ 5,267), all four of which were highly consistent with the actual situation in Hohhot. Early in the outbreak, the basic reproduction number (R0) was approximately 7.01 (95%CI: 6.93 ~ 7.09), and then Re declined sharply to below 1.0 on October 6, 2022. Scenario analysis of higher stringency measures showed the importance of decreasing the transmission rate and increasing the quarantine rate to shorten the time to peak, dynamic zero-COVID and an Re below 1.0, as well as to reduce the number of peak cases and final affected population.ConclusionOur model was effective in predicting the epidemic trends of COVID-19, and the implementation of a more stringent combination of measures was indispensable in containing the spread of the virus.
A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Wanjala Stanley W. , Nyongesa Moses K. , Mapenzi Rachael , Luchters Stanley , Abubakar Amina 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe pervasiveness of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and its consequences on HIV prevention and treatment, have been well documented. However, little is known about the lived experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among the general adult population living with HIV in rural African settings. This study set out to explore this knowledge gap.MethodsFrom April to June 2018, we conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 40 adults living with HIV aged 18–58 years in Kilifi, Kenya. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore experiences of HIV-related stigma and its impact on these adults. A framework approach was used to analyze the data using NVIVO 11 software.ResultsParticipants reported experiences of HIV-related stigma in its various forms (anticipated, perceived, internalised, and enacted), as well as its effects on HIV treatment and social and personal spheres. The internalisation of stigma caused by enacted stigma impacted care-seeking behavior resulting in worse overall health. Anxiety and depression characterized by suicidal ideation were the results of internalised stigma. Anticipated stigma prompted HIV medication concealment, care-seeking in remote healthcare facilities, and care avoidance. Fewer social interactions and marital conflicts resulted from perceived stigma. Overall, HIV-related stigma resulted in partial and non-disclosure of HIV seropositivity and medication non-adherence. At a personal level, mental health issues and diminished sexual or marital prospects (for the unmarried) were reported.ConclusionDespite high awareness of HIV and AIDS among the general population in Kenya, adults living with HIV in rural Kilifi still experience different forms of HIV-related stigma (including self-stigma) that result in a raft of social, personal, and HIV-treatment-related consequences. Our findings underscore the urgent need to reevaluate and adopt more effective strategies for implementing HIV-related anti-stigma programs at the community level. Addressing individual-level stigma will require the design of targeted interventions. To improve the lives of adults living with HIV in Kilifi, the effects of HIV-related stigma, particularly on HIV treatment, must be addressed.
The Effects of Vaporisation Models on the FCC Riser Reactor
Authors: Selalame Thabang W. , Patel Raj , Mujtaba Iqbal Mohammed , John Yakubu Mandafiya 
Published: June 2023

This work presents a steady-state one-dimensional model of the FCC riser considering the vaporisation of the gas oil feed and subsequent cracking reactions. The evaporation of droplets is studied using three models: the classical homogeneous model and the heterogeneous vaporisation models from the literature. Droplets are modelled using the Lagrangian framework model for particles moving through a fluid. This was coupled with the gas–solid flow field describing the catalyst particulate transport in the riser. Cracking reaction kinetics are modelled using a four-lumped model. The model was then validated against published plant data. The model performed well in terms of gas oil conversion, gasoline yield, pressure drop, and phase temperature profiles. Therefore, it is suitable for use in the design and optimisation of new and existing FCC unit risers, particularly in cost–benefit analysis considering the current push away from petroleum energy sources. It was found that vaporisation models are largely insignificant in terms of gas oil conversion profiles and gasoline yield for usual operation conditions of FCC risers, which is a finding that had yet to be proven in the literature. Vaporisation models are shown to only affect conversion and yield when the initial droplet exceeds 2000 μm.
Enzymatic One-Pot Hydrolysis of Extracted Sugar Beet Press Pulp after Solid-State Fermentation with an Engineered Aspergillus niger Strain
Authors: Knesebeck Melanie , Schäfer Dominik , Schmitz Kevin , Rüllke Marcel , Benz J. Philipp , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: June 2023

Extracted sugar beet press pulp (SBPP) is a promising agricultural residue for saccharification and further bioconversion. Combining solid-state fermentation of SBPP with engineered Aspergillus niger for enzyme production followed by hydrolysis of additionally added SBPP in the same bioreactor was studied to produce a sugar solution (hydrolysate) in a one-pot process. The initial aerobic solid-state fermentations were carried out in duplicate on non-milled, wet SBPP (moisture content of 72% (w/v)) with an A. niger strain engineered for constitutive pectinase production for 96 h, and this resulted in polygalacturonase activities of up to 256 U mL−1 in the wet media. Afterwards, water was added to the bioreactor, and the remaining solids were suspended by stirring to dissolve the hydrolytic enzymes. Metabolic activities of A. niger were inactivated by a N2-atmosphere and by increasing the temperature to 50 °C. High solid loads of milled SBPP were added to the stirred-tank reactor with a delay of 24 h to enable sugar yield calculations based on the compositional analysis of the SBPP used. The resulting final sugar concentrations of the hydrolysate after 166 h were 17 g L−1 d-glucose, 18.8 g L−1 l-arabinose, and 12.5 g L−1 d-galacturonic acid, corresponding to sugar yields of 98% d-glucose, 86% l-arabinose, and 50% d-galacturonic acid, respectively. Including the other sugars released during enzymatic hydrolysis in the one-pot process (d-xylose, d-mannose, d-galactose), a total sugar concentration of 54.8 g L−1 was achieved in the hydrolysate. The one-pot process combining hydrolytic enzyme production in solid-state fermentation with high solid loads during enzymatic hydrolysis of the milled SBPP reduces hydrolytic process costs by replacing chemical pre-treatments, enabling the in situ production of SBPP-adapted hydrolytic enzymes, as well as avoiding intermediate enzyme extraction and preparation steps.
L’abri-sous-roche du Pas de l’Échelle (Rovon, Vercors, Isère), chronostratigraphie, composantes culturelles et cadre régional
Authors: Bintz Pierre , Millet Jean-Jacques , Oberlin Christine 
Published: June 2023

Situé à 980 m d’altitude sur la façade ouest du Vercors, ce site se trouve sur un passage naturel reliant la plaine de l’Isère à un important axe de circulation nord-sud donnant accès aux Hauts-Plateaux du Vercors et plus loin au bassin de la Drôme. Le Pas de l’Échelle a livré une stratigraphie de 4 m de hauteur comportant des niveaux archéologiques du Premier et du Second Mésolithique, du Néolithique ancien et moyen, du Bronze ancien et final, de l’âge du Fer et enfin de l’Antiquité tardive. Dans l’ensemble bien préservés des perturbations post-dépositionnelles, ces niveaux, qui correspondent à de courtes occupations humaines, ont été calés chronologiquement par 13 datations radiocarbones cohérentes entre elles. Cet article traite particulièrement des occupations du Mésolithique et de la question de la transition Méso-Néolithique. La comparaison avec les sites mésolithiques et de la transition néolithique du Vercors permet de mieux appréhender la fonction du site dans l’exploitation territoriale par les hommes. La question des ensembles mixtes Méso-Néolithiques sur une plage chronologique entre 6200 et 5400 Cal. BC est évoquée. Au Pas de l’Échelle, un tel ensemble est en effet en rupture sur le plan paléoenvironnemental tout comme dans la composition des industries lithiques, avec le Second Mésolithique sous-jacent.
Enfin la séquence du Pas de l’Échelle est replacée dans un contexte régional qui regroupe six séquences stratigraphiques issues
de gisements majeurs des Alpes du Nord et qui ont livré des niveaux d’occupations humaines s’échelonnant du Dryas ancien au Subboréal.
Les tumulus protohistoriques de Combe Bossue à Villard-de-Lans (Isère, France)
Authors: Delrieux F. , Blin Arnaud , Carrara Stéphane , Picavet Régis 
Published: June 2023

The mounds of Combe Bossue were discovered in 2014 during the fortuitous discovery of an assembly of seven bronze bracelets
attributable to Hallstatt D1. A first intervention in 2015 followed by a second the following year made it possible to unearth an
unprecedented protohistoric burial ensemble on the Vercors plateau. Two contiguous burial mounds were erected before the 6th century BC and probably served as a receptacle for as many burials whose soil acidity did not allow conservation. The rare regional comparisons concerning the architecture of these tumuli make it possible to propose a chronological attribution centered on the Bronze A and / or B. Subsequently a burial, probably feminine, was deposited on the eastern border of the two tumuli. In spite of its very poor state of preservation, the metal assemblage associated with the burial make it possible to associate it with the series of abundant adornment of female burials, characteristic of the Hallstatt D1-D2.
Healthy Women Have Higher Systemic Uromodulin Levels: Identification of Uromodulin as an Estrogen Responsive Gene
Authors: Nanamatsu Azuma , Micanovic Radmila , Khan Shehnaz , El-Achkar Tarek M. , LaFavers Kaice A. 
Published: June 2023

Key Points

Serum uromodulin levels are higher in healthy female participants than healthy male participants.Serum uromodulin levels in participants with normal kidney function do not correlate with eGFR but do correlate with body mass index.Estrogen increases uromodulin production, likely because of noncanonical and half estrogen response elements in the UMOD gene.
Comparative analysis of the musculoskeletal system disorders and the stress level of sports faculties students in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Yuniana Rina , Tomoliyus Tomoliyus , Kushartanti BM Wara , Nasrulloh Ahmad , Rismayanthi Cerika , Sulistiyono Sulistiyono , Sabillah Muhamad Ichsan , Omar Dev Roxana Dev , Elumalai Gunathevan 
Published: June 2023

Purpose: to determine the comparative analysis of disorders of the musculoskeletal system and the level of stress of students of sports faculties in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Material and methods. 316 students of the Faculty of Sports Science of Indonesia and Malaysia were sampled from this study: 159 students of the Faculty of Sports Science of Indonesia, and 157 students of Sports Science of Malaysia. This research is a comparative analytical observational descriptive study conducted with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in several universities both in Indonesia and Malaysia. The subjects of this study were students from Indonesia and Malaysia who took part in online learning by the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire for musculoskeletal disorders using a Nordic Body Map while a stress level questionnaire used an MSSQ (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire). Data analysis techniques use descriptive tests through percentage distribution and comparison tests.
The results. Based on the results of the Independent Sample t-test, a calculated t-value of 4.076 with a significance value of 0.000 was obtained. Because the significance value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 (p<0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in musculoskeletal disorders between Indonesian and Malaysian students. The most common musculoskeletal disorder experienced by Malaysian students is a disorder of the lower back with an average of 3.15. Based on the results of the Independent Sample t-test analysis, a calculated t-value of 3.624 with a significance value of 0.000 was obtained. Because the significance value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in stress levels between Indonesian and Malaysian students. Based on the results of the analysis, the average value of stress levels in Indonesian students was 15.66 while the average value of stress levels in Malaysian students was 17.77. It can be interpreted that students from Malaysia have a higher level of stress compared to Indonesian students.
Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: Malaysian students experience higher musculoskeletal disorders in the lower back and high-stress levels due to online learning compared to Indonesian students.
An impairment-based physical therapy program for runners with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
Authors: Abdelmegeed Mohamed , Katz Justin , Oddo Tom , Pandya Sunny 
Published: June 2023

Purpose. Running is a common sport and recreational activity in the United States. Due to its dysfunctional implication in runners, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is increasingly recognized as a problematic source of anterior hip pain. The purpose of this case series was to describe an impairment-based physical therapy intervention in non-professional runners with FAI.
Materials and methods. Two males, non-professional runners with a mean age of 28.5± 2.1 years, both with a diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), were treated with manual therapy, dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS), and functional training. At initial evaluation, subjects were examined and completed self-reported outcome measures including the visual analog scale (VAS), and the patient-specific functional scale (PSFS). At discharge, they completed the same outcome measures along with the global rating of change (GROC) questionnaire.
Results. Both subjects showed clinically meaningful improvement in pain and function above the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Upon discharge, subject 1 had a 86% reduction in VAS score, a 75% improvement in PSFS score, and a GROC score of 6; subject 2 had a 88% reduction in VAS, a 64% improvement in PSFS, and a GROC score of 5.
Conclusion. The overall improvement observed in this study was clinically meaningful to subjects who participated, however, because a cause and effect cannot be inferred from case series studies, follow-up randomized clinical/controlled trials are recommended to further investigate the studied intervention on runners with FAI.
Starch and Aflatoxin B1 Content of Corn Grain with Different Water Content Added with Synthetic Mold Inhibitor
Authors: Nalle Catootjie Lusje , Supit Max Arthur Julian , Kurang Kial Loka 
Published: June 2023

Penggunaan jagung sebagai pakan harus memenuhi standar kualitas kimia yang dipersyaratkan untuk menjamin keamanan pakan. Penggunaan penghambat jamur sintetis merupakan salah satu strategi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan jamur dan produksi metabolit sekunder yang dapat menurunkan kualitas kimia jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan amilum (pati) dan aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) jagung kuning pipilan yang terdiri dari tiga level kadar air dan disuplementasi produk anti jamur sintetis. Sejumlah 750 kg jagung kuning pipilan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penghambat jamur (PJ) komersial yang digunakan diperoleh dari PT Japfa Comfeed Tbk, Indonesia dengan dosis 450 g/ton jagung. Percobaan dua faktor (Level kadar air: 13, 14 dan 15%; penghambat jamur PJ: -, +) digunakan pada penelitian ini. Hasil uji ANOVA membuktikan bahwa kecuali kandungan pati, interaksi yang signifikan antara LKA dan PJ terhadap kandungan aflatoksin B1 jagung yang disimpan selama 60 hari. Jagung (LKA berbeda dan tanpa PJ) memiliki kandungan AFB1 lebih tinggi dari yang diberi PJ. Simpulannya, penggunaan penghambat jamur efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur sehingga produksi aflatoksin B1 dapat ditekan. Penggunaan PJ sintetis tidak mempengaruhi kandungan pati jagung biji selama 60 hari penyimpanan.
Fungicidal control of the most common onion mycoses during the growing season
Authors: Borzykh O. , Sergienko V. , Dzham M. , Shyta O. , Mykhaylenko S. 
Published: June 2023

Goal. To investigate the effectiveness of fungicidal control of the most common onion diseases during the growing season.
Methods. Informational and analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literary sources), field research (setting up experiments, carrying out treatments and records of plant damage by diseases, monitoring the development of plants, harvesting), phytopathological (determination and identification of pathogens), mathematical and statistical (processing of results studies). Experiments were conducted on different varieties and hybrids using modern fungicides with different active substances.
Results. During the years of research, onion crops were dominated by mycoses, namely, peronosporosis, alternaria, stemphylliosis, and fusarium wilt. Downy mildew and leaf spots were observed on all varieties and hybrids. The investigated fungicides most effectively controlled the development of downy mildew of onions. Their efficiency during the growing season averaged 55.1—100%, depending on the drug, the degree of disease development and the variety. The highest effectiveness against downy mildew of onions was provided by fungicides Fandango 200 ES, KE (fluoxystrobin, 100 g/l + proteoconazole, 100 g/l) at the rate of 1.25 l/ ha and Signum VG (boskalid, 267 g/ kg + pyraclostrobin, 67 g/ kg) — 1.5 kg/ ha. Fungicides were 45.8—89.1% effective against leaf spots (alternaria and stemphyllosis), 57.9—70.5% against fusarium wilt. Treatments with fungicides, due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases, contributed to the increase in onion yield by 1.3—6.9 t/ha, depending on the variety and preparation. Among the studied varieties, the highest yield was obtained on the Medusa variety (40.7 t/ha), among fungicides, the highest yield increase was provided by Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide (1.25 l/ha).
Conclusions. Fungicides effectively controlled the main mycoses of onion (peronosporosis, alternariosis, stemphyllosis and fusarium wilt) during the growing season. The effectiveness of fungicides against onion diseases was 45.8—100%, depending on the type of disease, drug and crop variety. The highest protective effect of fungicides was provided against downy mildew of onions. The yield of the researched varieties and hybrids increased by an average of 5—25% due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases. The highest technical efficiency against identified diseases and increase in onion yield was obtained by using Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide with a consumption rate of 1.25 l/ha.
PROBLEMATIKA STATUS KEBERANGKATAN PENGUNGSI DI INDONESIA SECARA YURIDIS-NORMATIF
Authors: Simanjuntak Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

Pengungsi merupakan salah satu topik hukum internasional yang tidak pernah usai tahun demi tahun, sebab pengungsi ialah topik yang sangat kompleks dalam dunia internasional. Dewasa ini, selain hak-hak yang tertera dalam Konvensi dan Protokol Pengungsi, hak pengungsi terhadap status keberangkatan ke negara pihak juga menjadi problematika yang harus diselesaikan demi terpenuhinya hak lainnya. Sebagai contoh keberangkatan pengungsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2021 hanya mencapai 3% dari total 13.497 pengungsi yang terdaftar. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1. Bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia dalam penanganan pengungsi di Indonesia? 2. Dilema seperti apa yang dialami pemerintah Indonesia selama menangani pengungsi?
Metide penelitian yang digunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif, serta sumber data menggunakan sumber sekunder.
Preparation of undergraduates for teaching Russian as a foreign language at a technical university
Authors: Левина Г.М. 
Published: June 2023

В статье рассмотрены некоторые вопросы подготовки российских магистрантов к преподаванию РКИ в технических вузах РФ: формы работы с профильными текстами, содержание предметной и психолого-педагогической компетенций.
Some issues of preparation of Russian undergraduates for teaching Russian as a foreign language in technical universities of the Russian Federation are considered: forms of work with specialized texts, the content of subject and psychological and pedagogical competencies.