bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsal duplication of paw pads in the four limbs of a cat
Authors: Ginel Pedro J. , Martínez Carmen , Novales Manuel , Mozos Elena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn approximately one‐year‐old intact male domestic short hair cat was presented with plantigrade stance and dorsally duplicated paw pads in all limbs covered by hyperkeratotic material. True nails were rudimentary and located between the dorsal and ventral digital pads. Histologically, the biopsied duplicated dorsal paw pad was completely developed (paw pad choristoma).
TET2 confers a mechanistic link of microRNA‐210 and mtROS in hypoxia‐suppressed spontaneous transient outward currents in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep
Authors: Hu Xiang‐Qun , Song Rui , Dasgupta Chiranjib , Blood Arlin B. , Zhang Lubo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypoxia during pregnancy impairs uterine vascular adaptation via microRNA‐210 (miR‐210)‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) participates in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress and its deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we hypothesize a role of TET2 in hypoxia/miR‐210‐mediated mtROS suppressing spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in uterine arteries. We found that gestational hypoxia downregulated TET2 in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep and TET2 was a target of miR‐210. Knockdown of TET2 with small interfering RNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, inhibited STOCs and elevated myogenic tone. By contrast, overexpression of TET2 negated hypoxia‐ and miR‐210‐induced mtROS. The effects of TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries on mtROS, STOCs and myogenic contractions were blocked by the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ. In addition, the recovery effects of inhibiting endogenous miR‐210 with miR‐210‐LNA on hypoxia‐induced suppression of STOCs and augmentation of myogenic tone were reversed by TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanistic link between the miR‐210‐TET2‐mtROS pathway and inhibition of STOCs and provides new insights into the understanding of uterine vascular maladaptation in pregnancy complications associated with gestational hypoxia.
imageKey points
Gestational hypoxia downregulates TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep.
TET2 is a downstream target of microRNA‐210 (miR‐210) and miR‐210 mediates hypoxia‐induced TET2 downregulation.
Knockdown of TET2 in uterine arteries recapitulates the effect of hypoxia and miR‐210 and impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) .
Overexpression of TET2 negates the effect of hypoxia and miR‐210 on increasing mtROS.
TET2 knockdown reiterates the effect of hypoxia and miR‐210 and suppresses spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and elevates myogenic tone, and these effects are blocked by MitoQ.
Knockdown of TET2 reverses the miR‐210‐LNA‐induced reversal of the effects of hypoxia on STOCs and myogenic tone in uterine arteries.
A Numerical Study on the Influence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure on Brain Folding
Authors: Jafarabadi Fatemeh , Wang Shuolun , Holland Maria A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past decades, the buckling instability of layered materials has been the subject of analytical, experimental, and numerical research. These systems have traditionally been considered with stress-free surfaces, and the influence of surface pressure is understudied. In this study, we developed a finite element model of a bilayer experiencing compression, and found that it behaves differently under surface pressure. We investigated the onset of buckling, the initial wavelength, and the post-buckling behavior of a bilayer system under two modes of compression (externally applied and internally generated by growth). Across a wide range of stiffness ratios, 1 &lt; μf/μs &lt; 100, we observed decreased stability in the presence of surface pressure, especially in the low-stiffness-contrast regime, μf/μs &lt; 10. Our results suggest the importance of pressure boundary conditions for the stability analysis of bilayered systems, especially in soft and living matter physics, such as folding of the cerebral cortex under cerebrospinal fluid pressure, where pressure may affect morphogenesis and buckling patterns.
Challenges in Geometry Assurance for Composites Manufacturing
Authors: Toyoda Diogo , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComposite materials are well known for their high strength-to-weight ratio, but their unique manufacturing process presents some challenges and is a source of geometric variations. To minimize the effects of such variations in the final product is the main goal of geometry assurance. To achieve that, variation simulation tools are used to predict variations and optimize manufacturing parameters, to ensure a robust design. In this paper, the most common variation sources linked to the manufacturing process are discussed. Then, variation simulation tools and features for parts and assemblies are presented. Applicability for composites of existing tools and other studies for metallic parts is compared. Finally, future challenges in variation simulation for composites are discussed.
Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort
Authors: Tran Viet-Thi , Perrodeau Elodie , Saldanha Julia , Pane Isabelle , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of covid-19 vaccination on the severity of symptoms in patients with long covid.DesignTarget trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort.Data sourceComPaRe long covid cohort, a nationwide e-cohort (ie, a cohort where recruitment and follow-up are performed online) of patients with long covid, in France.MethodsAdult patients (aged ≥18 years) enrolled in the ComPaRe cohort before 1 May 2021 were included in the study if they reported a confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptoms persistent for >3 weeks after onset, and at least one symptom attributable to long covid at baseline. Patients who received a first covid-19 vaccine injection were matched with an unvaccinated control group in a 1:1 ratio according to their propensity scores. Number of long covid symptoms, rate of complete remission of long covid, and proportion of patients reporting an unacceptable symptom state at 120 days were recorded.Results910 patients were included in the analyses (455 in the vaccinated group and 455 in the control group). By 120 days, vaccination had reduced the number of long covid symptoms (mean 13.0 (standard deviation 9.4) in the vaccinated groupv14.8 (9.8) in the control group; mean difference −1.8, 95% confidence interval −3.0 to −0.5) and doubled the rate of patients in remission (16.6%v7.5%, hazard ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 3.14). Vaccination reduced the effect of long covid on patients' lives (mean score on the impact tool 24.3 (standard deviation 16.7)v27.6 (16.7); mean difference −3.3, 95% confidence interval −5.7 to −1.0) and the proportion of patients with an unacceptable symptom state (38.9%v46.4%, risk difference −7.4%, 95% confidence interval −14.5% to −0.3%). In the vaccinated group, two (0.4%) patients reported serious adverse events requiring admission to hospital.ConclusionIn this study, covid-19 vaccination reduced the severity of symptoms and the effect of long covid on patients' social, professional, and family lives at 120 days in those with persistent symptoms of infection.
Major trauma among E-Scooter and bicycle users: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Clough Richard Alexander , Platt Esther , Cole Elaine , Wilson Mark , Aylwin Christopher 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence, demographics and injury patterns involved in E-Scooter-related hospital admissions due to significant trauma compared with bicycle-related trauma within England and Wales. To compare morbidity and mortality between groups.DesignA retrospective cohort study based on data which has been prospectively collected and submitted to the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) registry.SettingMajor trauma centres and trauma units within England and Wales.ParticipantsPatients of any age who were admitted to hospitals in England and Wales with injuries following E-Scooter or bicycle incidents between the dates 1 January 2021–31 December 2021. All patients must have met TARN database inclusion criteria.OutcomesIn-hospital mortality, critical care admission and length of stay (LoS), hospital LoS and discharge destination.ResultsThere were 293 E-Scooter trauma incidents compared with 2538 bicycle incidents. E-Scooter users were more likely to be admitted to a major trauma centre (p=0.019) or a critical care unit (p<0.001). Serious head and limb trauma (Abbreviated Injury Scale >2) occurred more frequently among the E-Scooter cohort (35.2% vs 19.7%, p<0.001 and 39.9% vs 27.2%, p<0.001, respectively) while serious chest and pelvic trauma were greater among bicycle users (p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively). Over one-third of E-Scooter injuries were incurred outside the current legislation by patients who were intoxicated by alcohol and drugs (26%, 75/293) or under the age of 17 (14%, 41/293).ConclusionsThese early results suggest a greater relative incidence of serious trauma and an alternative pattern of injury among E-Scooter users compared with bicycles.Trial registration numberTARN210101.
Quantification of camelina germination niche to combined salinity and temperature stresses using a halothermal time model
Authors: Hosseini Sanehkoori Fatemeh , Bakhshandeh Esmaeil , Pirdashti Hemmatollah , Abdellaoui Raoudha , Boughalleb Fayçal , Gholamhosseini Mobina 
Published: March 2023

The present work was carried out to quantify camelina germination niche under salinity and temperature ( T) stress using halotime and halothermal time models. Seed germination ( SG) time courses were recorded at six constant temperatures (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C) and at each of the following levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM). Halotime model could well describe the germination time courses across a range of NaCl concentrations ( R2 = 0.79–0.91). The median base NaCl concentration was approximately constant (231 mM) at suboptimal T followed by a linear decrease, with the rate of 17.4 mM °C−1, under supra-optimal T. However, the germination rate increased with increasing T, reaching its maximum at a fixed optimum temperature ( To = 20 °C), independent of NaCl concentration. Then it decreased linearly for T > To and intercepted the x-axis at the ceiling temperature values of 33.5 °C, 30 °C, 28 °C, 25 °C, and 22 °C under 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Consequently, based on model estimation the adequate soil T for SG of camelina should be in the range of 0.4 °C–33.5 °C, and the To is 20 °C. Besides, the salinity should be less than 231 mM.
Production of $$X_b$$ via $$\Upsilon (5S, 6S)$$ radiative decays
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yun , Cai Zu-Xin , Li Gang , Liu Shi-Dong , An Chun-Sheng , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigate the production of $$X_b$$

X
b

in the process $$\Upsilon (5S,6S)\rightarrow \gamma X_b$$

Υ

(
5
S
,
6
S
)

→
γ

X
b

, where $$X_b$$

X
b

is assumed to be a $$B {\bar{B}}^*$$

B

B

¯

∗

molecular state. Two kinds of meson loops of $$B^{(*)}{\bar{B}}^{(*)}$$

B

(

∗
)

B

¯

(

∗
)

and $$B_1^{\prime }{\bar{B}}^{(*)}$$

B
1
′

B

¯

(

∗
)

were considered. To explore the rescattering mechanism, we calculated the relevant branching ratios using the effective Lagrangian based on the heavy quark symmetry. The branching ratios for the $$\Upsilon (5S,6S) \rightarrow \gamma X_b$$

Υ

(
5
S
,
6
S
)

→
γ

X
b

were found to be at the orders of $$10^{-7} \sim 10^{-6}$$

10

-
7

∼

10

-
6

. Such sizeable branching ratios might be accessible at BelleII, which would provide important clues to the inner structures of the exotic state $$X_b$$

X
b

.
Increased Use of Hyperosmolar Therapy for Suspected Clinically Apparent Brain Injury in Pediatric Patients with Diabetic Ketoacidosis during the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azova Svetlana , Liu Enju , Wolfsdorf Joseph 
Published: March 2023

The incidence of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) increased during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to investigate whether rates of hyperosmolar therapy administration for suspected clinically apparent brain injury (CABI) complicating DKA also increased during this period as compared to the three years immediately preceding the pandemic and to compare the characteristics of patients with suspected CABI before the pandemic, patients with suspected CABI during the peak of the pandemic, and those with DKA but without suspected CABI during the pandemic. Patients aged ≤18 years presenting with DKA before (March 11, 2017–March 10, 2020) and during the peak of the pandemic (March 11, 2020–March 10, 2021) were identified through a rigorous search of two databases. Predefined criteria were used to diagnose suspected CABI. Biochemical, clinical, and sociodemographic data were collected from a comprehensive review of the electronic medical record. The proportion of patients with DKA who received hyperosmolar therapy was significantly higher (

P

= 0.014) during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic period; however, this was only significant among patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. Both groups with suspected CABI had more severe acidosis, lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and longer hospital admissions (

P

< 0.001 for all) than cases without suspected CABI. During the pandemic, the blood urea nitrogen concentration was significantly higher in patients with suspected CABI than those without suspected CABI, suggesting they were more severely dehydrated. The clinical, biochemical, and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with suspected CABI were indistinguishable before and during the pandemic. In conclusion, administration of hyperosmolar therapy for suspected CABI was more common during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly a result of delayed presentation, highlighting the need for increased awareness and early recognition of the signs and symptoms of diabetes and DKA, especially during future surges of highly transmissible infections.
Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Somatic Gene Mutations by Population Subgroups
Authors: Shen Xinyi , DeWan Andrew T. , Johnson Caroline H. 
Published: March 2023

Summary:In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Holowatyj and colleagues uncover racial/ethnic and sex heterogeneity in somatic mutations among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer. The findings shed light on a deeper understanding of complex biological and genetic mechanisms for colorectal cancer in diverse populations.See related article by Holowatyj et al., p. 570 (6).
Distal Tumor Spread in Rectal Cancer—How Low Should We Go?
Authors: Yellinek Shlomo , Krizzuk Dimitri , Gilshtein Hayim , Freund Michael R. , Wexner Steven D. , Berho Mariana 
Published: March 2023

Background Distal tumor spread (DTS) is an adverse prognostic factor in rectal cancer correlating with advanced stage disease. We aimed to assess prevalence and location of distal tumor spread and impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) in patients who underwent proctectomy for rectal cancer. Methods The pathology database at our institution was queried for all patients who underwent proctectomy with curative intent for rectal cancer from 1/2008 to 12/2016. Specimen slides were re-evaluated by a single expert rectal cancer pathologist to verify diagnosis and measure the distance to the distal resection margin. Main outcome measures were 3-year overall and disease-free survival. Results 275 consecutive patients were identified. 109/111 patients with clinical stage 3 disease received preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. DTS was found in 13 (4.7%) specimens, 6 with intra-mural and 7 with extra-mural distal tumor spread. DTS was found only in patients with clinical stage 3 disease. Length of DTS from the distal end of the tumor ranged from 0 to 30 mm; in only 4 specimens DTS was >10 mm. A positive distal resection margin was found in 5/275 (1.8%) specimens. Conclusion A macroscopically tumor-free margin may suffice in patients with pre-treatment stage 1 or 2 disease. Furthermore, a 1 cm margin is adequate in most patients with stage 3 disease.
Safety profile of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide system in pregnancy: Updated analysis in VigiBase®
Authors: Noseda Roberta , Bedussi Francesca , Gobbi Claudio , Ceschi Alessandro , Zecca Chiara 
Published: March 2023

Background Safety data on the use of migraine preventive monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) system in pregnancy are limited. Methods Updated pharmacovigilance assessment of the safety reports related to pregnancy associated with erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab and eptinezumab, retrieved from VigiBase® as of 31 December 2021. As primary outcome, the whole group of monoclonal antibodies targeting the CGRP system was considered and sex and age subgroup disproportionality analyses using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) were conducted. Results 286 safety reports were found: 116 (40.6%) on erenumab, 125 (43.7%) on galcanezumab, 39 (13.6%) on fremanezumab, 6 (2.1%) on eptinezumab. One hundred and forty-nine (52.1%) safety reports reported only drug exposure in relation to pregnancy while 137 (47.9%) also included ≥1 pregnancy outcomes: maternal outcomes (n = 64), spontaneous abortion (n = 63), foetal growth restriction (n = 1), prematurity (n = 8), neonatal outcomes (n = 13), and poor breastfeeding (n = 1). No specific patterns of maternal, foetal and neonatal toxicity were observed. Spontaneous abortion was not disproportionally more frequently reported with erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab and eptinezumab compared with the entire database (ROR 1.1, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.8–1.5), the entire database since 2018 (ROR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.8), and triptans (ROR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.9). Conclusions This updated safety analysis on erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab and eptinezumab in pregnancy showed no signals of foeto-maternal toxicity according to VigiBase® safety reports.
Efficacy and safety of arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid for meniscal injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Huang Lingan , Wu Gaige , Li Pengcui , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: March 2023

Objective The efficacy and safety of arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid in the treatment of meniscal injuries were evaluated by Meta-analysis to provide an evidence-based basis for the selection of clinical treatment options. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science English databases, and Chinese databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WAN FANG, VIP, and China SinoMed had been searched up to June 2021. Quality evaluation was performed concerning the Cochrane Systematic Evaluation Tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical software Review Manager 5.3. Results Eleven randomized controlled trials with a total of 955 patients were eventually included, 473 in the arthroscopic combined with hyaluronic acid group (combined treatment group) and 482 in the arthroscopy alone group (surgery group). The results of the study revealed that the excellent treatment [OR = 3.44, 95% CI (2.10, 5.65), p < .00,001], the VAS score [MD = −0.99, 95% CI (−1.50, −0.48), p = .0002], the Lysholm score [MD = 9.70, 95% CI (6.41, 12.99), p < .00,001] and the joint mobility [MD = 6.31, 95% CI (0.84, 11.78), p = .02] of the combined treatment group were significantly better than the surgery group, the difference was statistically significant. The complications rate was comparable in both groups [OR = 0.86, 95% CI (0.29, 2.53), p = .78], with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion Arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid for meniscal injury can improve the efficiency of treatment compared with arthroscopic surgery alone, as well as the efficacy in relieving joint pain and improving joint function and mobility, without increasing the incidence of complications. Arthroscopic surgery combined with hyaluronic acid administration has good effectiveness and safety profile. Therefore, hyaluronic acid supplementation is recommended after arthroscopic surgery when treating meniscal injuries.
A “Clear” Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis on Ultrasound Examination Does Not Predict Improved Outcomes When Compared With a “Borderline” Diagnosis
Authors: Vernick Robert C. , Fowler John R. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and ultrasound (US) remain imperfect compared with clinical diagnosis and/or diagnostic tools such as carpal tunnel syndrome-6 (CTS-6) for diagnosis of carpal tunne syndrome (CTS). One potential reason for the discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and testing is “borderline” case inclusion. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes after carpal tunnel release (CTR) between “borderline” and “clear” patients with CTS determined by NCS and US. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent CTR. We collected NCS and US measurements of the median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) at the carpal tunnel inlet, and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores comprised of the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and the Functional Status Scale (FSS). Ultrasound measurements defined patients as having “borderline” (MNCSA < 13 mm2) or “clear” (MNCSA ≥ 13 mm2) CTS. Results: The study included 94 unilateral patients with CTS. “Borderline” CTS was diagnosed in 58 patients (62%), and “clear” CTS was diagnosed in 36 patients (38%). No significant differences in BCTQ scores were found between groups. At greater than 6-month follow-up, the mean FSS was 1.44 and 1.45 for clear and borderline groups, respectively ( P = .97) and the mean SSS was 1.47 and 1.51, respectively ( P = .84). However, a significant difference between groups when comparing distal motor latency (DML) and distal sensory latency (DSL) existed. The mean DSL was 3.71 and 4.44 for the clear and borderline groups, respectively ( P = .02). The mean DML was 4.59 and 5.36 ( P = .048). Conclusion: Categorizing CTS diagnosis into “borderline” and “clear” based on preoperative US and NCS testing did not correlate with BCTQ changes after CTR. It remains unclear whether the BCTQ is a valid postoperative assessment tool, despite its frequent use in literature.