bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel double hybrid-type bone cements based on calcium phosphates, chitosan and citrus pectin
Authors: Pańtak Piotr , Czechowska Joanna P. , Cichoń Ewelina , Zima Aneta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, the influence of the liquid phase composition on the physicochemical properties of double hybrid-type bone substitutes was investigated. The solid phase of obtained biomicroconcretes was composed of highly-reactive α-tricalcium phosphate powder (α-TCP) and hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules (HA/CTS). Various combinations of disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) solution and citrus pectin gel were used as liquid phases. The novelty of this study is the development of double-hybrid materials with a dual setting system. The double hybrid phenomenon is due to the interactions between polycationic polymer (chitosan in hybrid granules) and polyanionic polymer (citrus pectin). The chemical and phase composition (FTIR, XRD), setting times (Gillmore Needles), injectability, mechanical strength, microstructure (SEM) and chemical stability in vitro were studied. It has been showed that the properties of materials can be controlled by using the appropriate ratio of citrus pectin in the liquid phase.
Nasal Decongestant Effects of Vitellaria Paradoxa (Shea Butter) Extracts, a Hospital Based Study.
Authors: Lilly-Tariah Benedict , Siminialayi Iyeopu Miniakiri , Akoko Sokiprim , Stephen Musa , Oghenekaro Ediriverere 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Mucosal inflammation underlies many of the specific and interrelated factors that contribute to nasal congestion and shea butter is used by local healers as a treatment for inflammatory conditions including nasal congestion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracts of Shea butter on diagnosed patients with Nasal congestion.Method Forty-Two study participants were randomized into two main groups- control (standard of care- Cetirizine, Xylometazoline) and then the shea butter/ shea butter extract group which was further subdivided into 4 groups- extract 1(saponifiable); extract2 (non-saponifiable), extract 3(Steroid) and shea butter. Following the administration of the various drugs, participants were followed for 24hours with nasal washout samples taken at baseline and 24hours later, then analyzed for the presence of inflammatory cells. All test substances were assessed for efficacy in terms of time of onset of action and duration at which almost complete relief from nasal congestion was achieved using median scores and ANOVA within each group.Results The participants had moderate to severe nasal congestion. The test group received shea butter and shea butter extracts, the control groups received xylometazoline, and Cetirizine treatment. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to subjectively assess the degree of relief from nasal congestion in these patients with a score of 1 as minimum relief and 10 as maximum relief from nasal congestion per time. The findings suggests that, the shea butter/shea butter extracts test groups experienced nasal decongestion with non-saponifiable extract of shea butter having a short onset of action and eliciting complete relief after 4 hours (median VAS score of 9.7). The non-saponifiable extract was as effective as the standard of care groups – (cetirizine with median VAS score of 7.3 and Xylometazoline with median VAS score of 7.7) for the same time.Conclusion From this study, it is clear that shea butter and shea butter extracts may be more effective than conventional standard of care drugs in treating nasal congestion and should be recommended as a healthy non synthetic alternative with almost no adverse effect and may be a latent source of novel therapeutic agent.
Counterfactual Detection
Authors: Anandan Karthik Raja , Ravichandran Jagadish , Ravikumar Abithkumar , Kalinathan Lekshmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Counterfactual statements, which describe hypothetical events that did not occur due to different circumstances, have been studied in various fields, such as NLP, psychology, medicine, politics, and economics. They can be misleading in productr eviews and are challenging to detect in multilingual setups due to language diversity. Current systems struggle to identify counterfactual statements due to limite ddata availability. To address these issues, a proposed counterfactual detection system utilizes a domain-independent and multilingual few-shot model. The system incorporates clue-phrases to mitigate the limited data problem and improve performance by 5-10% compared to existing few-shot techniques. The use of clue-phrases during training can enhance the efficacy of the model, making it more efficient at identifying counterfactual statements.
Design, cross-docking and ONIOM studies of potent antiviral HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Patnin Suwicha , Makarasen Arthit , Vijitphan Pongsit , Baicharoen Apisara , Chaiwisutangkun Apinya , Kuno Mayuso , Sirithana Wandee , Techasakul Supanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to develop and discover anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) using quinoline as a core structure. Quinoline derivatives were designed using a molecular hybridization approach through the fusion of the pharmacophores present in the structures of HIV-1 RT drugs, namely, nevirapine, efavirenz, etravirine, talviraline, and rilpivirine. Quinoline derivatives were developed into two compounds, namely,4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-cyanophenoxy)-6-(4′′-cyanophenyl)-aminoquinoline (1) and 4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-cyanophenoxy)-2-(4′′-cyanophenyl)-aminoquinoline (2). The binding interactions between nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), quinoline derivatives and HIV-1 RT were investigated using cross-docking, molecular docking and the ONIOM approach. The cross-docking showed that the conformation of 4G1Q.pdb had the lowest binding energy values compared with the other conformations of HIV-1 RT. The molecular docking and ONIOM results revealed that (2) interacted with LYS101 residues through hydrogen bonding and interacted with TYR181 and TRP229 residues through pi–pi stacking in the binding pocket of HIV-1 RT, similar to that of rilpivirine. Moreover, (2) and rilpivirine had the lowest total interaction energy compared with other ligands. Therefore, the design and development of 2-amino-4-phenoxy-substituted quinoline as an inhibitor of HIV-1 RT is of interest for further study. The data suggested that these novel series could serve as a starting point for the development of anti-HIV-1 drugs in the near future.
Identifying Urban-Rural Disparities and Dominant Determinants of Prevalence of Disabilities in Tianjin, China
Authors: Jiang Yuxiao , Qiu Ning , Du Mengbing , Han Xinyu , Zhao Liang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the current context of aging and urbanization, the rapid increase in the prevalence of disabilities (PoDs) has become an important consideration in healthy urban planning. Previous studies have focused on the spatial prevalence of total disabilities based on large-scale survey data. However, few studies have examined different types of PoDs and the factors contributing to spatial disparities in micro-urban units at the municipal level. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the spatial PoDs, related built environments, and socio-economic factors across Tianjin municipality in 2020. The study employed Getis-Ord GI* analysis to identify urban-rural disparities and OLS and quantile regression analyses to model the heterogeneous effects of the spatial PoDs determinants across quantiles. The results reveal that the PoDs, especially visual, hearing, and limb disabilities, in the urban centre, are significantly higher than those in rural areas, which is inconsistent with previous studies conducted in China. Urbanization rate, medical facilities, and education facilities significantly reduced total PoDs, while the elderly population, migrant population, bus route density, and road density significantly increased it. The built environments and socio-economic factors had heterogeneous impacts on different types of PoDs, which were summarized into three categories based on the dominant determinants: (1) visual and hearing disabilities were medical facility dominated; (2) intellectual and limb disabilities were urbanization, and aging dominated; and (3) mental and speech disabilities were migrant dominated. This study provides scientific advice to adapt to the expected increase in demand for disability-related medical and public health services and to expand the range of effective strategies and interventions aimed at preventing the deterioration of disability and improving disability management in the population.
Prediction and Outcomes of Splenic Flexure Mobilization Duration during Laparoscopic Distal Colectomy for Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis of Operation Videos
Authors: Akyol Huseyin , Arslan Naciye Cigdem , Kocak Mehmet , Pekuz Caglar Kazim , Haksal Mustafa , Gogenur Ismail , oncel mustafa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose:Splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) is a challenging step during laparoscopic colorectal operations. This study aims to inspect the predicting measures and consequences of lengthened SFM duration during laparoscopic distal colorectal cancer surgery.Methods:Patients underwent elective laparoscopic anterior or low anterior resection (AR or LAR) for distal sigmoid or rectal cancer were included. Data were abstracted from a prospectively designed database. A blinded observer to the patients and procedures watched the operation videos and tiered the steps of the procedures into 5 as follows: 1) medial-to-lateral dissection, 2) pelvic dissection, 3) dissection of the white line, 4) SFM, and 5) stapling, resection, extraction of the specimen and anastomosis. Patient and disease related measures predicting SFM duration and consequences of lengthened SFM duration were investigated.Results:A total of 105 patients (62 male, 59%) treated with AR (n=41) or LAR (N=64) were included to the study. No other patient or disease related features, but patients’ body mass index (BMI), weight and height were found to be significant predicting measures for lengthened SFM duration (p=0.0086, p=0.002 and p=0.43, respectively). The duration of SFM was correlating with the intervals of steps 1 (p=0.0013), 3 (p=0.0088) and 5 (p=0.04) and total operation time (p<0.0001). Lengthened SFM did not worsen postoperative measures including complications, hospitalization period and early oncological outcomes.Conclusions:Patients’ BMI, weight and height are the predicting measures for SFM duration at the time of laparoscopic distal colectomies. SFM duration shows a strong correlation with the durations of almost all other steps and total operation time but does not affect perioperative measures. Trial registration: E-10840098-772.02-61604 2.2.2019
Investigating the Impact of Workload Characteristics on the Scalability and Performance of Permissioned Blockchain
Authors: Thakur Anita , Ranga Virender , Agarwal Ritu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Blockchain Technology has grown exponentially in recent years due to its decentralized, immutable, transparent data storage, transaction sharing, and processing. With the emergence of different blockchain platforms, it is substantial to analyze and evaluate the performance of these platforms in various scenarios. The popularity of the public blockchain, i.e., Bitcoin and Ethereum, has increased manifold. But in distinction to a public blockchain, there is a permissioned and private blockchain that allows restricted involvement of users in the network. To make a well-informed decision regarding the selection of an appropriate platform for utilization, it is crucial to evaluate diverse performance metrics among the numerous available blockchain platforms. In this study, we conducted an assessment of the performance of the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain (HLF), taking into account various metrics such as resource consumption, throughput, success rate, and latency. We have incorporated parameters such as the ordering service, programming language to write chaincode/smart contracts, number of transactions, transactions per second, and organizations to evaluate the system’s performance. Along with our analysis, we also suggested potential areas of research for the future development of blockchain technology.
Risks for recurrent injury and death among survivors of violence experiencing homelessness
Authors: Courtepatte Alexa , Dugan Elizabeth , Pino Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

A better understanding of the unique risks for survivors of violence experiencing homelessness could enable more effective intervention methods. The aim of this study was to quantify the risks of death and re-injury for unhoused survivors of violent injuries. This retrospective study included a cohort of patients presenting to the Boston Medical Center Emergency Department between 2009 and 2018 with a violent penetrating injury. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risks of all-cause mortality and violent reinjury within 3 years of the index injury. Of the 2330 patients included for analysis, 415 (17.8%) were unhoused at the time of index injury. Within 3 years of surviving the index injury, unhoused patients were more likely than housed patients to be violently reinjured by all causes (HR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.06–1.83, p = 0.02), by stab wound (HR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.33–4.11, p = 0.0003), and by assault (HR = 1.52, 95%CI = 1.05–2.21, p = 0.03). Housed and unhoused patients were equally likely to die within 3 years of their index injury; however, unhoused patients were at greater risk of dying by homicide (HR = 2.89, 95%CI = 1.34–6.25, p = 0.006) or by a drug/alcohol overdose (HR = 2.86, 95%CI = 1.17–6.94, p = 0.02). In addition to the already high risks that all survivors of violence have for recurrent injuries, unhoused survivors of violence are at even greater risk for violent reinjury and death, and fatal drug/alcohol overdose. Securing stable housing for survivors of violence experiencing homelessness, and connecting them with addiction treatment, is essential for mitigating these risks.
The association between COVID-19 infection and cardiac involvement in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care center
Authors: Bader Mahmoud Waleed , adeen Abdulqader M. Alaa , Hetta Omar Esam , Aloufi Alwaleed Khalid , Fallata Muhannad Hamza , Alsiraihi Abdulaziz Abdullah , Ahmed Mohamed Eldigire , Kinsara Abdulhalim Jamaludeen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The effect of COVID-19 infection on the cardiovascular system is well established. However, knowledge gaps in the clinical implications of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients are yet to be addressed. This study aimed to investigate acute cardiac injury (ACI) risk factors and the outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection with cardiac involvement.
Method
In this study, we included hospitalized patients between March 2020 and May 2022 with confirmed COVID-19 infection and evidence of cardiac involvement.
Results
In total, 501 patients were included, of whom 396 (79%) had evidence of ACI. The median troponin level was 25.8 (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.8–71). The patients with evidence of ACI were significantly more likely to have diabetes mellitus (75% vs. 60%; p = 0.003), cardiovascular disease (48% Vs. 37%; p = 0.042), chronic lung disease (22.2% vs. 12.4%; p = 0.02), and chronic kidney disease (32.3% vs. 16.2%; p = < 0.001). Additionally, the patients with ACI were significantly more likely to have cardiomegaly (60.6% vs. 44.8%; p = 0.004) and bilateral lobe infiltrates (77.8% vs. 60%; p < 0.001) on X-ray. The patients with ACI were significantly more likely to suffer from complications such as cardiogenic shock (5.3% vs. 0%; p = 0.001), arrhythmias (42% vs. 30.5%; p = 0.002), pneumonia (80.1% vs. 65.7%; p = 0.003), sepsis (24.2% vs. 9.5%; p < 0.001), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (33.1% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.001). Patients with ACI were also significantly more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (57% vs. 26.7%; p < 0.001) and significantly more likely to die (38.1% vs. 11.4%; p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate regression analysis indicated that mortality was significantly higher in patients with elevated troponin levels (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.49–8.98).
Conclusion
In COVID-19 patients who exhibited evidence of ACI, age, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, and chronic kidney disease were associated with increased risk of ACI. Patients with these risk factors are at risk of severe complications, such as ICU admission, sepsis, and death.
Beyond Frailty Phenotype, the role of Preoperative Electronic Frailty Assessment in Predicting Postoperative Outcomes in Older Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Henriquez-Santos Gretell , Al-Jumayli Mohammed , Extermann Martine , Anaya Daniel A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Frailty evaluation adds valuable information to standard preoperative risk assessments, however defining frailty in the perioperative period can be challenging. This systematic review examines the role of preoperative electronic frailty assessment in predicting postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies reporting the use of e-frailty screening tools or measures in this population. Studies were assessed for quality and findings were synthesized to determine the prevalence of frailty, outcomes of interest (e.g., length of stay, 30-day mortality), and feasibility of electronic frailty assessment in this setting.
Results: A total of 31 studies were included in the review. The studies found that frailty assessments performed using electronic data provided prognostic value for postoperative outcomes. Specifically, among the included studies, 7 were performed prospectively and 24 were conducted retrospectively. The methods of assessing frailty were highly heterogeneous, with frailty being defined using 10 different variables. The most commonly used instruments were the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), followed by the 11 item-modified frailty index (mFI-11) and the mFI-5. Reported rates of frailty varied widely, ranging from 2.63% to 61.28%. Feasibility was assessed in all studies, with implementation being the most frequently reported measure. However, only 4 out of 31 data points were based on objective data, and information about other feasibility aspects, such as time needed for completion/speed and practicality, was hardly reported.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that electronic frailty assessment can provide valuable information to standard preoperative risk assessments and may help to detect and prevent undesirable postoperative outcomes in this population. Further research is needed to optimize care plans and improve outcomes for older patients undergoing oncologic surgery.
Summarizing Medical Imaging Reports With Lstm Deep Learning Method for Effective Diagnosis / Treatment Process
Authors: Ordu Sümeyra Kuş , Yıldız Oktay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study aims to summarize the medical imaging reports automatically and to use them effectively in diagnosis and treatment. Summary reports will save time and reduce the workload by helping specialist physicians. Since summary reports will be more likely to be read in full instead of lengthy reports, the possibility of missing important details will decrease. 2457 medical imaging reports from 2199 people obtained from Medical Imaging Centers were used as data in automatic summary (retrospective patient records from 2019–2022). In the study, a model based on natural language processing, deep learning, and sequence-to-sequence architecture was designed. The success of summaries obtained automatically from medical imaging reports was evaluated with the ROUGE metric. In the study, all of the reports and the summaries of the report by the doctors were examined. The summary of the doctors was taken as a reference and compared obtained summary. The critical findings in the reference summary created by the physicians are also included in the summary obtained in the study. With the continuous increase in data in the health field, the need for summary systems is also increasing. It aims to effectively use the summary reports obtained in this study in the diagnosis and treatment process. Thus, patients' past and current imaging results will be compared quickly, and all current and previous reports will be used effectively for more accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Developing survey weights to ensure representativeness in a national, matched cohort study: results from the Children and young people with Long Covid (CLoCk) study.
Authors: Rojas Natalia K , De Stavola Bianca L , Norris Tom , Cortina-Borja Mario , Nugawela Manjula D , Hargreaves Dougal , Dalrymple Emma , McOwat Kelsey , Simmons Ruth , Stephenson Terence , Shafran Roz , Consortium CLoCk , Pereira Snehal M Pinto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background: Findings from studies assessing Long Covid in children and young people (CYP) need to be viewed in light of their methodological limitations. For example, if non-response and/or attrition over time systematically differ by sub-groups of CYP, findings could be biased and generalisation limited. The present study aimed to (i) construct survey weights for the Children and young people with Long Covid (CLoCk) study, and (ii) apply them to published CLoCk findings showing the prevalence of shortness of breath and tiredness increased over time from baseline to 12-months post-baseline in both SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative CYP.
Methods: Logistic regression was used to compute the probability of (i) Responding given envisioned to take part, (ii) Responding timely given responded, and (iii) (Re)infection given timely response. Response, timely response and (re)infection weights were generated as the reciprocal of the corresponding probability, with an overall ‘envisioned population’ survey weight derived as the product of these weights. Survey weights were trimmed, and an interactive tool developed to re-calibrate target population survey weights to the general population using data from the 2021 UK Census.
Results: Flexible survey weights for the CLoCk study were successfully developed. In the illustrative example re-weighted results (when accounting for selection in response, attrition, and (re)infection) were consistent with published findings.
Conclusions: Flexible survey weights to address potential bias and selection issues were created for and used in the CLoCk study. Previously reported prospective findings from CLoCk are generalisable to the wider population of CYP in England. This study highlights the importance of considering selection into a sample and attrition over time when considering generalisability of findings.