bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional Transitions, Research and Development, and Exports from India
Authors: Kathuria Nishant , Majumdar Sumit K. , Peng Mike W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch and development (R&D) capabilities generally enable firms to export more. Left underexplored is this question: Does the positive relationship between R&D and exports hold during institutional transitions, which are fundamental and comprehensive changes introduced to the rules of the game? Among India's wide‐ranging market‐oriented institutional transitions, the implementation of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) provides a natural experiment that helps us examine this question. Leveraging 22,049 firm‐year observations (with 5532 unique firms), our evidence suggests that although FEMA enabled innovative firms to generate more exports during the pre‐FEMA period, the positive relationship between R&D and exportsceasedduring the post‐FEMA period. We conclude that institutional transitions may not always yield positive effects.
Comparison of surface roughness of additively manufactured implant‐supported interim crowns fabricated with different print orientations
Authors: Ortega Nuria Martín , Revilla‐León Marta , Ortega Rocío , Gómez‐Polo Cristina , Barmak Abdul B. , Gómez‐Polo Miguel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of print orientation on the surface roughness of implant‐supported interim crowns manufactured by using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing procedures.Materials and methodsAn implant‐supported maxillary right premolar full‐contour crown was obtained. The interim restoration design was used to fabricate 30 specimens with 3 print orientations (0, 45, and 90 degrees) using an interim resin material (GC Temp PRINT) and a DLP printer (Asiga MAX UV) (n = 10). The specimens were manufactured, and each was cemented to an implant abutment with autopolymerizing composite resin cement (Multilink Hybrid Abutment). Surface roughness was assessed on the buccal surface of the premolar specimen by using an optical measurement system (InfiniteFocusG5 plus). The data were analyzed with a Shapiro–Wilk test, resulting in a normal distribution. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests were selected (α = 0.05).ResultsStatistically significant discrepancies were found in the surface roughness mean values among the groups tested (p < 0.001). The lowest mean ± standard deviation surface roughness was found with the 90‐degree group (1.2 ± 0.36 μm), followed by the 0‐degree orientation (2.23 ± 0.18 μm) and the 45‐degree group (3.18 ± 0.31 μm).ConclusionsPrint orientation parameter significantly impacted the surface roughness of the implant‐supported interim crowns manufactured by using the additive procedures tested.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in heifers after intramuscular and subcutaneous administration
Authors: Selimov Renat , Goncharova Elizaveta , Koriakovtsev Pavel , Gabidullina Diana , Karsakova Julia , Kozlov Sergey , Komarov Alexander , Engasheva Ekaterina , Engashev Sergey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlorfenicol was administered to five heifers intramuscularly at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg bwt and following wash‐out period, subcutaneously at a dose rate of 40 mg/kg bwt. Blood plasma samples were collected from heifers before injection of florfenicol and up to 120 h after intramuscular (IM) injection and up to 264 h after subcutaneous (SC) injection. Florfenicol concentrations in plasma were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass‐spectrometric detection. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was estimated using non‐compartment analysis. Mean maximum plasma concentration, area under the concentration–time curve and elimination half‐life for florfenicol were 3.2 μg/ml, 101.5 μg × h/ml and 24.5 h, respectively, after IM injection at 20 mg/kg bwt, and 2.7 μg/ml, 194.5 μg × h/ml and 103.8 h, respectively, after SC injection at 40 mg/kg bwt. The obtained results indicated that both administration routes provided comparable bioavailability, whereas SC route was attributed with lower peak levels and markedly slower absorption of florfenicol from injection site. Both administration routes provided plasma florfenicol levels which are expected to be effective against prevalent infectious agents of cattle.
Hetero‐ and cisnormativity—UK pharmacy education as a queer opponent
Authors: Mawdsley Andrew , Willis Sarah C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionQueer pedagogy is a lens through which the hegemonic discourses of curricula and the heterosexual assumptions within them can be made visible. Using this lens, sexuality and gender norms incorporated in undergraduate medical and health curricula can be located and the lived experience of a curriculum examined. This paper seeks to determine the extent of hetero/cisnormativity within UK pharmacy education with the aim of problematising the normalisation of heterosexuality; following this, strategies to disrupt structured hetero/cisnormativity are considered.MethodsOnline cross‐sectional surveys were distributed to course leads (n = 29) and students enrolled on undergraduate pharmacy (MPharm) programmes. Surveys captured quantitative data on curriculum design and perceived barriers to implementation of inclusive curriculum design (the espoused LGBTQI+ curriculum), as well qualitative data on the lived experience of the hidden curriculum. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsResponses were received from 19 course leads and students from 25 MPharm programmes, representing varying completion rates. Findings suggest the shared values and goals of pharmacy education act to normalise and legitimise hetero and cis identities within curriculum design that othering as a consequence of heterosexual normativity is experienced and that pharmacy education is an LGBTQI+ opponent and does not adopt an ally attitude. Moreover, both educator and student data suggest that the enacted and experienced curriculum fails to prepare learners to care for LGBTQI+ people.DiscussionDespite findings suggesting the espoused or enacted curriculum absents LGBTQI+ people, and the hidden curriculum is experienced as homonegative, learners are questioning, resisting and disrupting the hetero‐ and cisnormative benevolent heterosexism within UK pharmacy curricula. This method of curricula interrogation can be adopted across health professions education as a means for ongoing problematising and disruption of normativity in clinical education.
A rust‐fungus Nudix hydrolase effector decaps mRNAin vitro and interferes with plant immune pathways
Authors: McCombe Carl L. , Catanzariti Ann‐Maree , Greenwood Julian R. , Desai Anna M. , Outram Megan A. , Yu Daniel S. , Ericsson Daniel J. , Brenner Steven E. , Dodds Peter N. , Kobe Bostjan , Jones David A. , Williams Simon J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

To infect plants, pathogenic fungi secrete small proteins called effectors. Here, we describe the catalytic activity and potential virulence function of the Nudix hydrolase effector AvrM14 from the flax rust fungus (Melampsora lini).

We completed extensive in vitro assays to characterise the enzymatic activity of the AvrM14 effector. Additionally, we used in planta transient expression of wild‐type and catalytically dead AvrM14 versions followed by biochemical assays, phenotypic analysis and RNA sequencing to unravel how the catalytic activity of AvrM14 impacts plant immunity.

AvrM14 is an extremely selective enzyme capable of removing the protective 5′ cap from mRNA transcripts in vitro. Homodimerisation of AvrM14 promoted biologically relevant mRNA cap cleavage in vitro and this activity was conserved in related effectors from other Melampsora spp. In planta expression of wild‐type AvrM14, but not the catalytically dead version, suppressed immune‐related reactive oxygen species production, altered the abundance of some circadian‐rhythm‐associated mRNA transcripts and reduced the hypersensitive cell‐death response triggered by the flax disease resistance protein M1.

To date, the decapping of host mRNA as a virulence strategy has not been described beyond viruses. Our results indicate that some fungal pathogens produce Nudix hydrolase effectors with in vitro mRNA‐decapping activity capable of interfering with plant immunity.
GhWRKY41 forms a positive feedback regulation loop and increases cotton defence response against Verticillium dahliae by regulating phenylpropanoid metabolism
Authors: Xiao Shenghua , Ming Yuqing , Hu Qin , Ye Zhengxiu , Si Huan , Liu Shiming , Zhang Xiaojun , Wang Weiran , Yu Yu , Kong Jie , Klosterman Steven J. , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Aierxi Alifu , Zhu Longfu 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDespite the established significance of WRKY proteins and phenylpropanoid metabolism in plant immunity, how WRKY proteins modulate aspects of the phenylpropanoid pathway remains undetermined. To understand better the role of WRKY proteins in plant defence, we identified a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) protein, GhWRKY41, that is, universally and rapidly induced in three disease‐resistant cotton cultivars following inoculation with the plant pathogenic fungus, Verticillium dahliae. We show that overexpression of GhWRKY41 in transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis enhances resistance to V. dahliae, while knock‐down increases cotton more susceptibility to the fungus. GhWRKY41 physically interacts with itself and directly activates its own transcription. A genome‐wide chromatin immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq), in combination with RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analyses, revealed that 43.1% of GhWRKY41‐binding genes were up‐regulated in cotton upon inoculation with V. dahliae, including several phenylpropanoid metabolism master switches, receptor kinases, and disease resistance‐related proteins. We also show that GhWRKY41 homodimer directly activates the expression of GhC4H and Gh4CL, thereby modulating the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. This finding expands our understanding of WRKY‐WRKY protein interactions and provides important insights into the regulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway in plant immune responses by a WRKY protein.
Jointly modeling behavioral and EEG measures of proactive control in task switching
Authors: Karayanidis Frini , Hawkins Guy E. , Wong Aaron S. W. , Aziz Fayeem , Hunter Montana , Steyvers Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we implement joint modeling of behavioral and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm to test the hypothesis that trial‐by‐trial adjustment of response criterion can be linked to changes in the event‐related potentials (ERPs) elicited during the cue‐target interval (CTI). Specifically, we assess whether ERP components associated with preparation to switch task and preparation of the relevant task are linked to a response criterion parameter derived from a simple diffusion decision model (DDM). Joint modeling frameworks characterize the brain‐behavior link by simultaneously modeling behavioral and neural data and implementing a linking function to bind these two submodels. We examined three joint models: The first characterized the core link between EEG and criterion, the second added a switch preparation input parameter and the third also added a task preparation input parameter. The criterion‐EEG link was strongest just before target onset. Inclusion of switch and task preparation parameters did not improve the performance of the criterion‐EEG link but was necessary to accurately model the ERP waveform morphology. While we successfully jointly modeled latent model parameters and EEG data from a task‐switching paradigm, these findings show that customized cognitive models are needed that are tailored to the multiple cognitive control processes underlying task‐switching performance. This is the first paper to implement joint modeling of behavioral measures and single‐trial electroencephalography (EEG) data derived from the cue‐target interval in a cued‐trials task‐switching paradigm. Model hyperparameters showed a strong link between response criterion and the pre‐target negativity amplitude. Additional parameters (switch preparation, task preparation) were necessary to model the cue‐locked ERP waveform morphology. This is consistent with multiple cognitive control processes underlying proactive control and points to the need for more nuanced models of task‐switching performance.
The Effect of Immediacy of Expected Goal Feedback on Persistence in a Physical Task
Authors: Gunn Christopher P. , Englert Chris , Ennigkeit Fabienne , Taylor Ian M. 
Published: January 2023

Minimizing the temporal gap between behavior and reward enhances persistence, but the effect of other outcomes is unknown. Two concurrently run studies aimed to investigate whether persistence on a physical task would be influenced according to whether participants expected immediate versus delayed goal feedback. Furthermore, whether this effect occurs via intrinsic motivation (Studies 1 and 2) or delaying the desire–goal conflict (Study 2) was examined. Using a counterbalanced within-person design, 34 participants in each study (Study 1: 16 males, 18 females; Study 2: 15 males, 19 females) completed two wall-sit persistence tasks, one with immediate feedback expected (regarding the participant’s position on a leader board) and the other with feedback expected to be provided 1 week later. A two-way mixed analysis of variance found no significant differences in persistence between conditions in either study. Furthermore, no indirect effects were found via intrinsic motivation or delayed desire–goal conflict. Study findings did not support the hypothesis that the timing of expected feedback enhances persistence.
Diabetes with poor-control HbA1c is cardiovascular disease ‘risk equivalent’ for mortality: UK Biobank and Hong Kong population-based cohort study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Mak Ivy Lynn , Youn Hin Moi , Chan Kam Suen , Chan Esther W Y , Wong Ian C K , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered a coronary heart disease ‘risk equivalent’ for future mortality, but significant heterogeneity exists across people with T2DM. This study aims to determine the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM in UK and Hong Kong, with stratifications for hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) concentrations, compared with those without CVD and diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 3 839 391 adults from Hong Kong and a prospective cohort study of 497 779 adults from the UK Biobank. Individuals were divided into seven disease groups: (1) no T2DM and CVD, (2) T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, (3) T2DM only with HbA1c 7%–7.9%, (4) T2DM only with HbA1c 8%–8.9%, (5) T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, (6) CVD only, and (7) T2DM and CVD. Differences in all-cause mortality between groups were examined using Cox regression.ResultsAfter around 10 years of median follow-up, 423 818 and 19 844 deaths were identified in the Hong Kong cohort and UK Biobank, respectively. Compared with individuals without T2DM and CVD, the adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in the other six disease groups for the Hong Kong cohort was 1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27) for T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, 1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23) for T2DM only with HbA1c 7%–7.9%, 1.36 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.39) for T2DM only with HbA1c 8%–8.9%, 1.82 (95% CI 1.78 to 1.85) for T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, 1.37 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.38) for CVD only, and 1.83 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.85) for T2DM and CVD, and for the UK Biobank the HR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.58), 1.50 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.70), 1.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.08), 2.51 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.08), 1.67 (95% CI 1.59 to 1.75) and 2.62 (95% CI 2.42 to 2.83), respectively. This indicates that patients with T2DM had an increased risk of mortality compared with those without T2DM and CVD, and in those with HbA1c ≥9% an even higher risk than people with CVD.ConclusionsPatients with T2DM with poor HbA1c control (8%–8.9% and ≥9%) were associated with similar and higher risk of mortality compared with patients with CVD, respectively. Optimal HbA1c, controlled for risk reduction and prevention of mortality and complications in diabetes management, remains important.
Early initiation of antenatal care and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health centres in Bahir Dar Zuria zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ambaye Eskahun , Regasa Zegeye Wordofa , Hailiye Gizaw 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of, and factors associated with, early initiation of antenatal care (ANC) follow-up among pregnant women attending ANC services at Bahir Dar Zuria zone public health centres (HCs), Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 December 2020 to 1 March 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was applied to select the study participants.SettingFive public HCs (Han HC, Shimbit HC, Dagmawi Minilik HC, Shumabo HC and Meshentie HC) in Bahir Dar Zuria zone.ParticipantsPregnant mothers who were attending their ANC service during the data collection period were enrolled in this study. A total of 592 mothers were interviewed for the study.Outcome measureEarly initiation of ANC services (within 16 weeks of gestation).Results48.6% (95% CI 41.6% to 53.5%) of participants began their first ANC service before 16 weeks of gestation. Family size less than five (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.25), urban residence (3.0, 1.48 to 6.17), secondary education (2.1, 1.3 to 3.6), college-level education and above (3.5, 1.8 to 6.8), primigravida (2.6, 1.65 to 4.14), planned pregnancy (3.5, 1.5 to 8.1) and knowledge about early initiation of ANC (1.7, 1.14 to 2.55) were significantly associated with early initiation of ANC.ConclusionA substantial number of participants had not received ANC services in a timely manner. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of the respondents were associated with timely booking of ANC services. Dissemination of information about recommended time to initiate ANC services and efforts to improve women’s educational status to increase knowledge about early initiation of ANC are needed in the region.
What role for asbestos in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Findings from the IPF job exposures case–control study
Authors: Reynolds Carl J , Sisodia Rupa , Barber Chris , Moffatt Miriam , Minelli Cosetta , De Matteis Sara , Cherrie John W , Newman Taylor Anthony , Cullinan Paul 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAsbestos has been hypothesised as the cause of the recent global increase in the incidence of ‘idiopathic’ pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Establishing this has important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The association between occupational asbestos exposure and IPF, and interaction with a common (minor allele frequency of 9% in European populations) genetic variant associated with IPF,MUC5Brs35705950, is unknown.MethodsMulticentre, incident case–control study. Cases (n=494) were men diagnosed with IPF at 21 UK hospitals. Controls (n=466) were age-matched men who attended a hospital clinic in the same period. Asbestos exposure was assessed at interview using a validated job exposure matrix and a source-receptor model. The primary outcome was the association between asbestos exposure and IPF, estimated using logistic regression adjusted for age, smoking and centre. Interaction withMUC5Brs35705950 was investigated using a genetic dominant model.Results327 (66%) cases and 293 (63%) controls ever had a high or medium asbestos exposure risk job; 8% of both cases and controls had cumulative exposure estimates ≥25 fibre ml⁻¹ years. Occupational asbestos exposure was not associated with IPF, adjusted OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.4; p=0.6) and there was no gene–environment interaction (p=0.3). Ever smoking was associated with IPF, OR 1.4 (95% CI 1 to 1.9; p=0.04) and interacted with occupational asbestos exposure, OR 1.9 (95% CI 1 to 3.6; p=0.04). In a further non-specified analysis, when stratifying for genotype there was significant interaction between smoking and work in an exposed job (p<0.01) for carriers of the minor allele ofMUC5Brs35705950.ConclusionOccupational asbestos exposure alone, or through interaction withMUC5Brs35705950 genotype, was not associated with IPF. Exposure to asbestos and smoking interact to increase IPF risk in carriers of a common genetic variant, the minor allele ofMUC5Brs35705950.Trial registration numberNCT03211507.
Elevated Uric Acid Is Associated With New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Swedish AMORIS Cohort
Authors: Ding Mozhu , Viet Ngoc Nguyen , Gigante Bruna , Lind Viktor , Hammar Niklas , Modig Karin 
Published: January 2023

Background
The role of uric acid is gaining increasing importance in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between uric acid levels and risk of new‐onset AF.

Methods and Results
A total of 339 604 individuals 30 to 60 years of age and free from cardiovascular disease at baseline (1985–1996) in the Swedish AMORIS (Apolipoprotein‐Mortality Risk) cohort were followed until December 31, 2019 for incident AF. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between uric acid and AF, adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by incident cardiovascular disease. Over a mean follow‐up of 25.9 years, 46 516 incident AF cases occurred. Compared with the lowest uric acid quartile, each of the upper 3 quartiles were associated with an increased risk of AF in a dose–response manner. Adjusted hazard ratios were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.06–1.12) for second quartile, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.16–1.23) for third quartile, and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.41–1.49) for fourth quartile. The association was similar among individuals with and without incident hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, or coronary heart disease. The dose–response pattern was further supported in a subsample of individuals with repeated measurements of uric acid.

Conclusions
Elevated uric acid was associated with an increased risk of AF, not only among people with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors but also among those without. Future investigations are needed to examine whether lowering uric acid is relevant for AF prevention.
Redescribing, But Really, Finally Moving on From Israelite Origins
Authors: Tobolowsky Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Burton Mack’s 1996 article “On Redescribing Christian Origins” was a classic of the discipline. In my view, one of its most enduring contributions is its recognition that the centrality of the New Testament’s view of Christian Origins survives despite a growing recognition that, technically, it ought to be sidelined – that it is protected by a “ring of fire.” Further, he argued that the perseverance of this centrality was a major factor inhibiting the influence of New Testament studies on other disciplines. In this essay, I argue that the centrality of the Hebrew Bible’s vision of Israelite origins as a starting point for contemporary debates, even among those who regard it as a fiction, is characterized by a similar avoidance of certain necessary recognitions and is inhibiting to a similar degree.