bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective Tumoricidal Capacity of Macrophages from A/J Mice
Authors: Boraschi Diana , Meltzer Monte S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although macrophages from Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG-infected C3H/HeN mice were highly cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro, cells from BCG-infected A/J mice were not tumoricidal. Varying the dose of BCG or the time of infection did not evoke cytotoxic activity with A/J macrophages. Inflammatory responses to BCG infection in A/J mice were relatively normal: the yield of macrophages was about ¼ that from C3H/HeN mice; however, no differences between strains were detected for inflammation-induced increases in macrophage phagocytic capacity or in percentage of peroxidase-positive cells. Similarly, production of macrophage activation factor activity by tuberculin-stimulated BCG-immune spleen cell cultures was also intact in A/J mice. Thus, despite adequate inflammatory responses and production of active lymphokines, macrophages from BCG-infected A/J mice were not activated for tumor cytotoxicity. Under certain conditions, however, these macrophages could develop cytotoxic activity. Macrophages from BCG-infected but not control A/J mice developed tumoricidal activity after further in vitro treatment with lymphokines, bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), or certain plant lectins. Peritoneal exudate macrophages first treated with lymphokines also developed cytotoxic activity but only after further treatment with LPS or lectins. The phenotypic expression of the A/J genetic defect in macrophage cytotoxic activity was very similar to the defect of lipid A-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice except for the concentration of LPS required for cytotoxic activity by lymphokine-treated cells. Other responses of A/J mice to LPS were also different from those of the unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. Responses of A/J mice to the lethal toxicity of LPS or of A/J macrophages to direct toxicity of LPS in vitro, responses influenced by the Lps gene, were normal. On the other hand, macrophage cytotoxic activity and spleen cell proliferative responses to LPS in vitro, responses also controlled by the Lps gene, were abnormal. We conclude that the genetic basis for the macrophage tumoricidal defect of A/J mice represents either a previously undescribed allelic change at the Lps locus or, what is more likely, gene mutation(s) at entirely different loci.
Specific Binding of T Lymphocytes to Macrophages
Authors: Lyons Clifford R. , Tucker Thomas F. , Uhr Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of anti-Ia alloantiserum on the capacity of selected peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (selected PEL) to bind to antigen-pulsed F1 (responder × nonresponder) macrophages was investigated. With the use of selected PEL for antigens under Ir gene control, it was shown that anti-Ia serum to the responder haplotype blocked adherence of selected PEL to antigen-pulsed macrophages whereas anti-Ia serum to the nonresponder haplotype did not. The target cell of the anti-Ia alloantiserum appeared to be the macrophage because anti-13 Ia in contrast to anti-2 Ia did not inhibit binding of F1 (2 × 13) DNP-GL selected PEL to DNP-GL pulsed strain-2 Mφ (responder strain). Taken together with previous experiments that indicate that an antibody to the native protein antigen employed is unable to block specific binding, the present results suggest that T cells may recognize fragments of exogenous antigen in association with Ia molecules.
Immune Response to Levan
Authors: Bona Constantin , Lieberman Rose , House Shirley , Green Ira , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of BALB/c mice with antisera to a cross-reactive idiotype (E109IdX) expressed on many anti-bacterial levan (BL) and anti-inulin (Inu) antibodies leads to a prolonged suppression in production of IdX-bearing molecules in response to BL immunization. There is a comparable suppression in numbers of plaque-forming cells secreting IdX-bearing anti-BL and anti-Inu molecules. Furthermore, spleen cells from anti-E109IdX pretreated mice are unable to transfer to irradiated recipients the ability to produce IdX-bearing anti-BL and anti-Inu antibodies. These results indicate that the suppressive effect is at the precursor level and not simply a clearance of antibodies bearing the IdX.
Suppression of IdX production can be achieved by pretreating nu/nu BALB/c mice with anti-E109IdX antibodies. Furthermore, spleen cells from pretreated mice do not inhibit the capacity of spleen cells from normal mice transferred to irradiated recipients to produce E109IdX in response to BL. This indicates that the suppression of IdX production in the anti-BL system is T independent and probably represents direct inhibition of precursors by anti-IdX.
IgE Mediated Triggering of Rat Basophil Leukemia Cells: Lack of Evidence for Serine Esterase Activation
Authors: Taurog Joel D. , Fewtrell Clare , Becker Elmer L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inhibition of mediator release from mast cells and basophils by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and other organophosphorus compounds known to inhibit serine esterases has in the past led to the hypothesis that immunologic triggering of these cells involves an activatable serine esterase. In this study we have shown that two nonphosphorylating or poorly phosphorylating structural analogs of two potent phosphorylators inhibit release of incorporated serotonin from cultured rat basophil leukemia cells. We conclude that, by itself, inhibition of immunologic mast cell triggering by phosphorylating organophosphorus compounds can no longer be considered evidence for involvement of an activatable serine esterase in mast cell triggering.
Physicochemical Characterization of Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (LAF)
Authors: Mizel Steven B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The LAF produced by the mouse macrophage cell line, P388D1, is a single polypeptide chain of m.w. 12,000 to 16,000 daltons. Native LAF was destroyed by Streptomyces griseus protease, but not by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain, although in the presence of 8 M urea, papain completely destroyed LAF activity. LAF did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose, suggesting that LAF does not contain significant amounts of mannosyl or glycosyl residues. Since LAF activity was not inactivated by a treatment of reduction and alkylation the active conformation of LAF does not appear to be dependent on disulfide linkages. LAF was not irreversibly denatured by 8 M urea or 0.1 to 0.5% SDS. On SDS-polyacrylamide gels, the m.w. of LAF was 12,000 daltons, as compared to a value of 16,000 daltons, as determined by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of LAF was 5.0 to 5.4 as determined on 7.5% acrylamide gels (pH 3 to 10). On the basis of these results it appears that the P388D1 cell line-derived LAF is a relatively stable molecule that shares several physicochemical properties with normal human and mouse macrophage-derived LAF.
Immunoaffinity Purification of Schistosoma Mansoni Soluble Egg Antigens
Authors: Harrison D. Janiece , Carter Clint E. , Colley Daniel G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens were purified from a heterogeneous mixture of soluble egg antigens (crude SEA) with an immunoaffinity column that consisted of the specific anti-SEA antibodies contained in 16-week S. mansoni-infected mouse serum bound to Sepharose 4B. On sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis, the purified antigen fraction yielded at least eight bands staining with Coomassie blue and at least five bands reacting with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). All of the proteins in the antigenic fraction appear to contain carbohydrate residues. Upon immunoelectrophoresis the antigen yielded four precipitin arcs. The antigenic fraction isolated by means of the immunoaffinity column was then compared to various fractions obtained from concanavalin A (Con A) chromatography of SEA. The results of Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis indicate that the antigenic fraction isolated by immunoaffinity purification of SEA contains the major antigens found in the fractions obtained from Con A chromatography of SEA. The results of SDS gel electrophoresis indicate that the major PAS-reacting bands of the antigenic fraction isolated by immunoaffinity purification are found in the 3rd peak (bound fraction) resulting from Con A chromatography of SEA, whereas the major Coomassie blue-staining band in the isolated antigenic fraction is found in the 2nd peak (unbound fraction) from Con A chromatography of SEA.
Structural Studies on the Murine Ia Alloantigens
Authors: Cook Richard G. , Siegelman Mark H. , Capra J. Donald , Uhr Jonathan W. , Vitetta Ellen S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine Ia alloantigens encoded by the I-A and I-E/C subregions were isolated from radiolabeled splenic lysates and examined by NH2-terminal sequence analysis. Haplotype-associated sequence variation was detected in the β, but not α, subunits of both the A and E/C alloantigens. The A β-polypeptides from k and b haplotypes show four differences in the 12 positions compared, whereas the E/C β-polypeptides from k and r haplotypes show two differences in the 13 positions compared. No sequence variation was detected between the Ak and Ab α-chains (six positions compared) or between the E/Ck and E/Cr α-chains (11 positions compared). Homology relationships between these murine Ia alloantigens and the human Ia (DR) alloantigens are also presented.
Natural Thymocytotoxic Autoantibodies in Autoimmune and Normal Mice
Authors: Eisenberg Robert A. , Theofilopoulos Argyrios N. , Andrews Brian S. , Peters C. J. , Thor Lee , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Natural thymocytotoxic autoantibodies (NTA) were found in all mouse strains. Among those strains that show autoimmune syndromes resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the NZB and NZB×NZW had high levels of NTA, the BXSB had moderate levels, and the MRL/1 and MRL/n had very low levels. In addition, some normal strains had high levels, sometimes even higher than the autoimmune strains. The NTA were mostly IgM and were present, but not concentrated, in the cryoprecipitates of the autoimmune mouse strains. In most strains, they were directed toward an antigen shared by thymocytes and brain. The failure to find high levels of NTA in all autoimmune mouse strains, as well as the finding of very high levels in some normal strains, make it unlikely that such autoantibodies are a fundamental etiologic factor in all murine SLE.
Suppressor Cells for the Afferent Phase of Contact Sensitivity to Picryl Chloride: Inhibition of DNA Synthesis Induced by T Cells from Mice Injected with Picryl Sulfonic Acid
Authors: Thomas Wayne R. , Watkins Madeleine C. , Asherson Geoffrey L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous reports have shown that picryl sulfonic acid (PSA) induces suppressor T cells that inhibit the effector phase of contact sensitivity, whereas its DNP counterpart, dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) induces cells that inhibit the afferent phase of sensitization. Accordingly, cells from mice injected with DNBS, but not PSA, could be shown to inhibit the DNA synthesis in the lymph nodes that occurs during sensitization. It is now shown that PSA does induce T cells that suppress DNA synthesis but this can only be detected with enriched T cells or by using a regimen of PSA injection different from previously used to induce suppressor cells for the effector phase. The T cells did not affect responses to oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and were distinguishable from suppressors of the efferent phase in that they could be produced in adult thymectomized but not cyclophosphamide-treated mice. T cells from mice injected with DNBS that inhibited DNA synthesis to DNFB had the same properties.
Characteristics of in Vitro Production of Antibodies to DNA in Normal and Autoimmune Mice
Authors: Sawada Shigemasa , Talal Norman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vitro production of antibodies to dsDNA was studied with spleen cells from normal and autoimmune mice. After culture for 4 days, the binding of dsDNA in the culture supernatant was measured by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. The production of antibodies to dsDNA by spleen cells appeared at 15 hr after culture and reached a plateau at 24 hr. No antibodies were produced by thymus cells or splenic T cells. The specificity for dsDNA was shown by competitive inhibition with nonradioactive nucleic acids. Autoimmune strains of mice (NZB/NZW, BXSB, MRL/1) produced more antibodies to dsDNA than did several control strains. Young B/W mice and control strain mice produced mainly IgM antibodies, whereas older B/W mice produced predominantly IgG antibodies to dsDNA. The in vitro production of antibodies to dsDNA by aged B/W spleen cells was macrophage and T cell dependent.
Hanganutziu-Deicher Antigen and Antibody in Pathologic Sera and Tissues
Authors: Nishimaki Tomoe , Kano Kyoichi , Milgrom Felix 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Heterophile, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigen was studied in pathologic sera by means of inhibition of agglutination of bovine erythrocytes by H-D antibodies. H-D antigen was demonstrated in 38% of random cancer sera, 25% of lymphoma or leukemia sera, 25% of leprosy sera, 8% of infectious mononucleosis sera, 6% of rheumatoid arthritis sera, and 27% of synovial fluids of rheumatoid arthritis patients. None of 134 normal human sera gave positive results. Some of the inhibition-positive cancer sera formed precipitation lines with H-D antibody-containing sera. Over 50% of various extracts of cancer tissues as well as spleens of lymphoma or leukemia patients were shown to contain H-D antigen by means of the inhibition test.
Natural Cytotoxicity of Mouse Monocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Tagliabue Aldo , Mantovani Alberto , Kilgallen Marianne , Herberman Ronald B. , McCoy James L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adherent-phagocytic cells were obtained from the peripheral blood and the unstimulated peritoneal cavity of normal C3H/HeN mice and tested for their cytotoxicity in an in vitro 3H-TdR release assay and in a growth inhibition assay. These cells had appreciable cytolytic and cytostatic activity, which varied with the attacker: target (A:T) cell ratio, against TU5, an SV40 virus-transformed BALB/c tumor cell line. Cytolytic activity was first detected after 48 hr of incubation and was considerably higher at 72 hr. In contrast, this line was resistant to cytotoxicity by nonadherent lymphoid cells at the A:T ratios employed, and adherent cells from the peritoneal cavity were not cytotoxic against YAC-1 target cells in a 4-hr 51Cr release assay. The natural cytotoxicity of adherent cells from the peritoneal cavity was largely inhibited by treatment with silica. These results indicated that the natural reactivity observed here was mediated by macrophages and not by natural killer cells. The cytotoxic reactivity of the macrophages from normal mice could not be attributed to activation by a variety of possible in vivo or in vitro stimuli. Cells from germ-free nude mice had cytolytic activity, as did cells cultured in medium containing endotoxin-free fetal bovine serum or normal mouse serum. Activation by interferon produced in vitro was also unlikely since marcophages cultured in the presence of anti-interferon were also cytotoxic. As previously described for activated macrophages, peritoneal macrophages from normal C3H/HeJ mice were significantly less cytotoxic than macrophages from syngeneic C3H/HeN mice. The monocytes and macrophages seemed to have somewhat different properties since the addition of lymphokine-containing medium to the adherent peripheral monocytes increased their cytotoxicity, whereas no enhanced activity was observed by adding this supernatant to resident peritoneal macrophages. The normal macrophages and monocytes reacted against both syngeneic (1023) and allogeneic (TU5) tumor cells as well as mouse fibroblast cells transformed by SV40 virus (SV40-3T3). Similar activity was also observed against a human cell line derived from a patient with breast cancer (G11) and against human fibroblast cells transformed by SV40 (SV40-2931 and SV40-2303), but not against nontransformed fibroblasts from the same donors. Thus, normal murine peripheral monocytes and peritoneal macrophages possess natural cytotoxic activity that is selective for tumor and virus-transformed cells.
Induction of Cytocidal Macrophages after in Vitro Interactions between Listeria-Immune T Cells and Macrophages—Role of H-2
Authors: Farr Andrew G. , Wechter William J. , Kiely Jeanne-Marie , Unanue Emil R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Twenty-four-hour cultures of macrophages from non-immune mice with T cells from mice immune to Listeria resulted in the acquisition of cytocidal activity by the macrophages. The macrophages killed P815 tumor cells in a chromium-release assay. Macrophages from non-immune mice given peptone or thioglycollate injections were much better effector cells than resident macrophages. Experiments established the conditions for generation of cytolytic macrophages: the specificity of T cells to Listeria and the need for macrophages to specifically interact with heat-killed Listeria organisms. Cells from the immune T cell inoculum did not participate in the killing process by the activated macrophages.
The interactions leading to the generation of cytocidal macrophages required homology at the I region between macrophages and T cells, as well as the presence of macrophages bearing Ia molecules. Cultures of T cells and macrophages with heat-killed Listeria contained a factor that, when added to peptone macrophages, resulted in their activation for cytolytic activity. The factor could activate syngeneic or allogeneic macrophages, or macrophages lacking detectable Ia molecules. The immunogenic moiety associated with Listeria was short-lived.
Induction of Secretion of IgM from Cells of the B Cell Line 38C-13 by Somatic Cell Hybridization
Authors: Eshhar Zelig , Blatt Cila , Bergman Yehudit , Haimovich Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cells of the murine B cell line 38C-13 possess immunoglobulins of the IgM class on their surface but do not secrete them. Upon hybridization of 38C-13 cells with murine myeloma cells, hybridoma clones were obtained that secreted both pentameric IgM of 38C-13 origin and the myeloma protein. All hybridoma clones synthesized and secreted large amounts of homogeneous IgM with a half disappearance time of about 2 hr, typical of mature plasma cells. Concomitantly with the induction of IgM secretion, the hybridoma cells lost their surface IgM. The possibility of separate pathways for the synthesis of membrane and secreted IgM is discussed.
Properties and Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies Directed against Determinants of the Thy-1 Locus
Authors: Marshak-Rothstein Ann , Fink Pamela , Gridley Thomas , Raulet David H. , Bevan Michael J. , Gefter Malcolm L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fusion of cells of the mouse myeloma line, P3/X63-Ag8 with spleen cells from AKR/J mice immunized against C3H thymocytes or from (BALB/c × BALB.K)F1 mice immunized against AKR/J thymocytes gave rise to hybrid cell lines that continuously secrete antibodies specific for the Thy-1.2 and Thy-1.1 antigens, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies from four such cell lines were analyzed in detail. All were 19S IgM, and, in the presence of complement (C), had high lytic titers on T cells of the appropriate antigenicity. Their specificity was shown by lysis of thymocytes from Thy-1 congenic mouse strains, A/J(Thy-1.2) and A.Thy 1.1. Furthermore, they lyse only 60 to 70% of lymph node cells, suggesting cytotoxicity for mature T cells and not B cells. Treatment of peripheral lymphocyte populations with monoclonal antibody plus C eliminated effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their precursors, and the mitogenic response to Con A, but did not affect the response to LPS. Purified, fluorescein-labeled monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody could be used to distinguish T and B cells. Purified antibody coupled to Sepharose 6MB was used to separate viable T and B cells. Two independently isolated anti-Thy-1.2 hybridomas are indistinguishable and bind the same determinant whereas a third is unique and may bind a separate site.
Respective Influence of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on the Age-Related Decrease of Thymic Secretion
Authors: Bach Marie-Anne , Beaurain Geneviève 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serum level of a circulating thymic factor (FTS) described in our laboratory diminishes in mice after adult thymectomy and with age. However, thymuses from old mice, when grafted into young adult thymectomized recipients lacking circulating FTS, can still partially restore the circulating FTS level of the recipients, whereas newborn thymuses are less efficient in restoring the serum level of FTS in old recipients than in young adult thymectomized recipients. Taken together, our results suggest that in addition to an intrinsic deficiency of the thymic secretion, “environmental” factors play a role in the disappearance of circulating FTS with age, the more so since we observed in old mouse sera factors inhibiting the in vitro biologic activity of FTS, factors that are absent from young mouse sera.
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Characterization of in Vitro and in Vivo Properties
Authors: Meguro Hidenori , Kervina Marija , Wright Peter F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro 51Cr release assay for human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HeLa cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been characterized by using leukophoresed and adherent cell-depleted adult lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from RSV seronegative children were also competent as effector cells.
Sera from children with: 1) primary and recurrent natural RSV infections, or 2) live attenuated RSV vaccine infection were examined to characterize the behavior of ADCC antibody in vivo. After natural RSV infection ADCC antibody rose and fell more rapidly than neutralizing antibody. In two children undergoing primary RSV infection with attenuated vaccine, neutralizing antibody was formed in the absence of detectable ADCC antibody. The nonparallel behavior of ADCC and neutralizing antibodies suggests the heterogeneity of either the antigen involved or the mechanism of antibody production in the two antibody systems.
Differentiation Antigens on Normal and Abelson Virus Transformed Lymphocytes
Authors: North John R. , Raschke William C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit antisera to Abelson leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-induced murine lymphomas have been analyzed by absorption with a variety of murine lymphoma lines. Antibody binding to a panel of cell lines and normal lymphocytes was visualized by using hapten-sandwich indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Novel membrane antigens thereby detected are shared between lymphosarcomas, B lymphomas, normal B lymphocytes, and normal membrane immunoglobulin negative (sIg-) bone marrow cells, but are not found on T cells, thymic lymphomas, plasmacytoid lymphomas, or myelomas. The existence of such shared differentiation antigens suggests that sIg- A-MuLV-induced lymphosarcomas may be transformed B cell precursors. Since differences in the expression of these antigens on individual plasmacytoid lymphoma lines were found, this category of lymphomas may include cells at a variety of differentiation states.