bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiscal decentralization and energy intensity: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of VAT revenue-sharing reform in China
Authors: Pang Yumeng , Wang Mengmeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of fiscal decentralization on energy intensity has been a long-standing subject of interest and debate. However, to date, there has been a notable absence of studies delving into the effects of fiscal decentralization on energy intensity from the vantage point of tax sharing. This investigation explores the effects of China’s value-added tax (VAT) revenue-sharing reform on energy intensity using prefecture-level city data from 2006 to 2020. Results show a correlation between an increased proportion of VAT revenue sharing and higher regional energy intensity. Heightened competition among local governments amplifies this impact, while environmental regulations and technological innovation mitigate it. Our findings contribute to a more scientifically grounded formulation of the revenue-sharing ratio between central and local governments, aiming to reduce local energy intensity.
An approach towards mobile robot recovery due to vision sensor failure in vSLAM systems using ROS
Authors: Mulubika Chibaye , Schreve Kristiaan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes a mobile robot recovery mechanism for low-cost robotic systems due to vision sensor failure in vSLAM systems. The approach takes advantage of ROS architecture and adopts the Shannon Nyquist sampling theory to selectively sample path parameters that will be used for back travel in case of vision sensor failure. As opposed to point clouds normally used to store vSLAM data, this paper proposes to store and use lightweight variables namely distance between sampled points, velocity combinations, i.e., linear and angular velocity, sampled period, and yaw angle values to describe the robot path and reduce the memory space required to store these variables. In this study, low-cost robotic systems typically using cameras aided by proprioceptive sensors such as IMU during vSLAM activities are investigated. A demonstration is made on how the ROS architecture can be used in a scenario where vision sensing is adversely affected, resulting in mapping failure. Additionally, a recommendation is made for adoption of the approach for vSLAM platforms implemented on both ROS1 and ROS2. Furthermore, a proposal is made to add an additional layer to vSLAM systems that will be exclusively used for back travel in case of vision loss during vSLAM activities resulting in mapping failure.
Local scale carbon stock measurements, including deep soil layers, in a terra firme forest in northwestern Amazon
Authors: Duque Alvaro , Gómez-Correa Luisa F. , Barona-Colmenares Andrés Alberto , Castaño Nicolás , Davies Stuart , Zuleta Daniel , Muller-Landau Helene C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Most studies aiming to quantify carbon stocks in tropical forests have focused on aboveground biomass, omitting carbon in soils and woody debris. Here, we quantified carbon stocks in soils up to 3 m depth, woody debris, and aboveground and belowground tree biomass for the 25-ha Amacayacu Forests Dynamics plot in the northwestern Amazon. Including soils to 3 m depth, total carbon stocks averaged 358.9 ± 24.2 Mg C ha−1, of which soils contributed 53%, biomass 44.2%, and woody debris 2.7%. When only including soils to 0.5 m depth, carbon stocks diminished to 222.1 Mg C ha−1 and biomass became the largest contributor. Among 1-ha subplots, total carbon stocks were correlated with soil carbon stocks at ≥0.5 m depth, belowground biomass of all trees, and aboveground biomass of trees ≥60 cm DBH. Our results support the assumption of biomass as the likely largest carbon source associated with land use change in northwestern Amazonia. However, mining and erosion following land use change could also promote a significant release of carbon from soil, the largest carbon stock. To improve the global carbon balance, we need to better quantify total carbon stocks and dynamics in tropical forests beyond aboveground biomass.
Optimizing distributed practice online
Authors: Rogers John , Nakata Tatsuya , Chiu Ming Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study conceptually replicates Cepeda, Coburn, Rohrer, Wixted, Mozer, & Pashler’s (2009, Experiment 1) study on the effects of distributed practice on second language (L2) vocabulary learning to examine its generalizability to a new context and population sample. The secondary focus of the paper is to examine the challenges and affordances of online data collection and participant recruitment sites. Both the original and our study examined the effects of distributed practice on two study sessions to learn L2 vocabulary assessed on a 10-day delayed posttest. Our results showed that the spaced conditions significantly outperformed the massed condition, mirroring the original study’s findings. However, Cepeda et al.’s (2009) participants outscored our participants by 10–20% (in each experimental group) on the posttest. While these findings highlight the benefits of spacing towards learning and memory, they also underscore the challenges researchers may face when conducting experimental research in online environments.
Compact mmWave measurement system for array antennas in a production environment
Authors: Obermaier Martin , Deckert Thomas , Laabs Martin , Plettemeier Dirk 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Millimeter wave antenna arrays are essential components of modern communication and radar systems. To produce these devices in large quantities, manufacturers require fast and reliable measurement equipment. The measurement equipment needs to ensure the quality, interoperability, and adherence to regulatory norms of the produced devices. In this work, we present an active probe array structure (PAS), which enables fast, compact, and reliable over-the-air (OTA) measurements of radiation characteristics. No relative movement between the antenna under test (AUT) and the active PAS is required, making the system very suitable for cost-effective large-scale characterization and commercial production test scenarios. We demonstrate and discuss how a near-field (NF) OTA measurement performed by this active PAS system can be used to reconstruct the far-field (FF) antenna radiation behavior of AUTs using an NF to FF correlation approach.
Uncertainties About the Role of River and Mangrove Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Alkalinity Loads in Buffering the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon
Authors: Rosentreter Judith A. , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTerrestrial dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) loads have contrasting effects on the pH and carbonate chemistry of the coastal ocean. While TAlk can buffer against ocean acidification, elevated exports of free CO2 can further exacerbate ocean acidification. In this study, we quantify terrestrial DIC and TAlk loads from rivers and mangrove floodplains across six bioregions and varying flow conditions to assess their impact on the buffering capacity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon in Australia. For a mid‐flow year, median terrestrial DIC and TAlk loads ranged from 0.72 to 0.89 Tg C yr−1 and 0.26 to 1.03 Tg C yr−1, respectively. We find that mangrove‐dominated terrestrial inputs only have a small influence on the whole GBR but contribute 12.5% (range: 1.9%–45.7%) of the DIC and 18.7% (range: 2.8%–68.2%) of the TAlk inner shelf inventory. Depending on the approach used to estimate TAlk loads, mangroves have a potential short‐term buffering effect on near‐shore coastal waters due to higher TAlk loads. However, long‐term mangrove TAlk production via pyrite formation complicates this interpretation, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring to understand the complex interplay between terrestrial inputs and their effect on the GBR carbonate chemistry.
Comment on “Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM” by Zambon et al.
Authors: Davies Ashley Gerard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe distribution of volcanic thermal emission on Io might reflect the location and magnitude of tidal heating, so it is important to accurately identify Io’s volcanoes to enable robust interior modeling. Zambon et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100597) “Io Hot Spot Distribution Detected by Juno/JIRAM,” Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2022GL100597 (2023) report the positions of hot spots on Io at high latitudes that are apparently spurious. This appears to be due to mis‐registration of JIRAM images to a frame of reference, leading to the same hot spot being located in different positions on Io’s surface. Other hot spots are not identified. The outcome of these additional and missing detections is a skewing of volcanic activity toward high latitudes, suggesting more polar activity than that seen at lower latitudes. This distribution of thermal sources would support a preponderance of deep mantle tidal heating, a conclusion not supported by other analyses of the same data.
Vigorous Forced Submesoscale Instability Within an Anticyclonic Eddy During Tropical Cyclone “Haitang” From Glider Array Observations
Authors: Tang Haibo , Wang Dongxiao , Shu Yeqiang , Yu Xiaolong , Shang Xuekun , Qiu Chunhua , Yu Jiancheng , Chen Ju 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, we examine intensive observational measurements from a 12‐glider array in the South China Sea, and reveal that tropical cyclone “Haitang” created the conditions for the development of several types of forced submesoscale instabilities within a mesoscale anticyclonic eddy. The anticyclonic eddy shed from the Kuroshio loop current in the Luzon Strait and propagated toward the South China Sea. Fine‐scale temperature and salinity observation from gliders captured the complex mesoscale frontal structure induced by mesoscale strain around anticyclonic eddy (AE). Various favorable conditions for submesoscale instabilities show significantly different spatial distributions as well as temporal evolution characteristics in the AE. Analyses indicate that the occurrence probability of forced symmetric instability (SI) and gravitational instability (GI) during the tropical cyclone (TC) period (∼5 days) is found to be 2 times higher than that during the non‐TC period (∼25 days). Heat loss creates conditions for GI in the upper part of the negative potential vorticity (PV) layer, and GIs tend to be distributed inside the eddy. Strong wind stress induced by the TC promotes the injection of negative PV through cross‐front Ekman buoyancy flux, leading to the occurrence of SI at the edge of the eddy. During the TC, stable wind fields are more favorable for the development of submesoscale instability compared to rotating wind fields. The effect of strong winds breaks the normal diurnal cycle of SI, creating conditions for active submesoscale instabilities at midday. These findings help us to understand submesoscale air‐sea interaction processes.
Pancreatic organogenesis mapped through space and time
Authors: Scavuzzo Marissa A. , Szlachcic Wojciech J. , Hill Matthew C. , Ziojla Natalia M. , Teaw Jessica , Carlson Jeffrey C. , Tiessen Jonathan , Chmielowiec Jolanta , Martin James F. , Borowiak Malgorzata 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The spatial organization of cells within a tissue is dictated throughout dynamic developmental processes. We sought to understand whether cells geometrically coordinate with one another throughout development to achieve their organization. The pancreas is a complex cellular organ with a particular spatial organization. Signals from the mesenchyme, neurons, and endothelial cells instruct epithelial cell differentiation during pancreatic development. To understand the cellular diversity and spatial organization of the developing pancreatic niche, we mapped the spatial relationships between single cells over time. We found that four transcriptionally unique subtypes of mesenchyme in the developing pancreas spatially coordinate throughout development, with each subtype at fixed locations in space and time in relation to other cells, including beta cells, vasculature, and epithelial cells. Our work provides insight into the mechanisms of pancreatic development by showing that cells are organized in a space and time manner.
Dual-targeting CRISPR-CasRx reduces C9orf72 ALS/FTD sense and antisense repeat RNAs in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kempthorne Liam , Vaizoglu Deniz , Cammack Alexander J. , Carcolé Mireia , Roberts Martha J. , Mikheenko Alla , Fisher Alessia , Suklai Pacharaporn , Muralidharan Bhavana , Kroll François , Moens Thomas G. , Yshii Lidia , Verschoren Stijn , Hölbling Benedikt V. , Moreira Francisco C. , Katona Eszter , Coneys Rachel , de Oliveira Paula , Zhang Yong-Jie , Jansen Karen , Daughrity Lillian M. , McGown Alexander , Ramesh Tennore M. , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Lignani Gabriele , Rahim Ahad A. , Coyne Alyssa N. , Petrucelli Leonard , Rihel Jason , Isaacs Adrian M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intronic G4C2 repeat expansion in C9orf72. The repeats undergo bidirectional transcription to produce sense and antisense repeat RNA species, which are translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As toxicity has been associated with both sense and antisense repeat-derived RNA and DPRs, targeting both strands may provide the most effective therapeutic strategy. CRISPR-Cas13 systems mature their own guide arrays, allowing targeting of multiple RNA species from a single construct. We show CRISPR-Cas13d variant CasRx effectively reduces overexpressed C9orf72 sense and antisense repeat transcripts and DPRs in HEK cells. In C9orf72 patient-derived iPSC-neuron lines, CRISPR-CasRx reduces endogenous sense and antisense repeat RNAs and DPRs and protects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. AAV delivery of CRISPR-CasRx to two distinct C9orf72 repeat mouse models significantly reduced both sense and antisense repeat-containing transcripts. This highlights the potential of RNA-targeting CRISPR systems as therapeutics for C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Bright and stable anti-counterfeiting devices with independent stochastic processes covering multiple length scales
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Creamer Adam , Xie Kai , Tang Jiaqing , Salter Luke , Wojciechowski Jonathan P. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhysical unclonable functions (PUFs) are considered the most promising approach to address the global issue of counterfeiting. Current PUF devices are often based on a single stochastic process, which can be broken, especially since their practical encoding capacities can be significantly lower than the theoretical value. Here we present stochastic PUF devices with features across multiple length scales, which incorporate semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) as fluorescent taggants. The SPNs exhibit high brightness, photostability and size tunability when compared to the current state-of-the-art taggants. As a result, they are easily detectable and highly resilient to UV radiation. By embedding SPNs in photoresists, we generate PUFs consisting of nanoscale (distribution of SPNs within microspots), microscale (fractal edges on microspots), and macroscale (random microspot array) designs. With the assistance of a deep-learning model, the resulting PUFs show both near-ideal performance and accessibility for general end users, offering a strategy for next-generation security devices.
YAP-driven malignant reprogramming of oral epithelial stem cells at single cell resolution
Authors: Faraji Farhoud , Ramirez Sydney I. , Clubb Lauren M. , Sato Kuniaki , Burghi Valeria , Hoang Thomas S. , Officer Adam , Anguiano Quiroz Paola Y. , Galloway William M. G. , Mikulski Zbigniew , Medetgul-Ernar Kate , Marangoni Pauline , Jones Kyle B. , Cao Yuwei , Molinolo Alfredo A. , Kim Kenneth , Sakaguchi Kanako , Califano Joseph A. , Smith Quinton , Goren Alon , Klein Ophir D. , Tamayo Pablo , Gutkind J. Silvio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTumor initiation represents the first step in tumorigenesis during which normal progenitor cells undergo cell fate transition to cancer. Capturing this process as it occurs in vivo, however, remains elusive. Here we employ spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition together with multiomics to unveil the processes underlying oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into tumor initiating cells at single cell resolution. Tumor initiating cells displayed a distinct stem-like state, defined by aberrant proliferative, hypoxic, squamous differentiation, and partial epithelial to mesenchymal invasive gene programs. YAP-mediated tumor initiating cell programs included activation of oncogenic transcriptional networks and mTOR signaling, and recruitment of myeloid cells to the invasive front contributing to tumor infiltration. Tumor initiating cell transcriptional programs are conserved in human head and neck cancer and associated with poor patient survival. These findings illuminate processes underlying cancer initiation at single cell resolution, and identify candidate targets for early cancer detection and prevention.
Pegmatite lithium deposits formed within low-temperature country rocks
Authors: Zhou Jinsheng , Wang Qiang , Wang He , Ma Jinlong , Zhu Guanhong , Zhang Le 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe global climate crisis is likely to lead to a potential supply risk of lithium (Li) over the coming decades. More than half of the world’s production of Li is derived from Li-bearing pegmatites. Although pegmatites are widespread, only a small fraction host economically relevant Li mineralization. Revealing which factors cause some pegmatites to be enriched in Li and others to be barren is critical for understanding Li pegmatite formation and for guiding exploration for new Li resources. In this study, we used an approach involving the analysis of natural samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit (China), combined with thermal and diffusion modeling. Here we show that Li contents in pegmatites are controlled not only by the initial Li contents in pegmatite melts but also by the temperature of the surrounding country rocks at the time of pegmatite emplacement. Lithium-mineralized pegmatites form preferentially when Li-rich pegmatite melts intrude low-temperature country rocks.
Heritable polygenic editing: the next frontier in genomic medicine?
Authors: Visscher Peter M. , Gyngell Christopher , Yengo Loic , Savulescu Julian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polygenic genome editing in human embryos and germ cells is predicted to become feasible in the next three decades. Several recent books and academic papers have outlined the ethical concerns raised by germline genome editing and the opportunities that it may present1–3. To date, no attempts have been made to predict the consequences of altering specific variants associated with polygenic diseases. In this Analysis, we show that polygenic genome editing could theoretically yield extreme reductions in disease susceptibility. For example, editing a relatively small number of genomic variants could make a substantial difference to an individual’s risk of developing coronary artery disease, Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, diabetes and schizophrenia. Similarly, large changes in risk factors, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure, could, in theory, be achieved by polygenic editing. Although heritable polygenic editing (HPE) is still speculative, we completed calculations to discuss the underlying ethical issues. Our modelling demonstrates how the putatively positive consequences of gene editing at an individual level may deepen health inequalities. Further, as single or multiple gene variants can increase the risk of some diseases while decreasing that of others, HPE raises ethical challenges related to pleiotropy and genetic diversity. We conclude by arguing for a collectivist perspective on the ethical issues raised by HPE, which accounts for its effects on individuals, their families, communities and society4.
Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity
Authors: Zheng Qingfei , Weekley Benjamin H. , Vinson David A. , Zhao Shuai , Bastle Ryan M. , Thompson Robert E. , Stransky Stephanie , Ramakrishnan Aarthi , Cunningham Ashley M. , Dutta Sohini , Chan Jennifer C. , Di Salvo Giuseppina , Chen Min , Zhang Nan , Wu Jinghua , Fulton Sasha L. , Kong Lingchun , Wang Haifeng , Zhang Baichao , Vostal Lauren , Upad Akhil , Dierdorff Lauren , Shen Li , Molina Henrik , Sidoli Simone , Muir Tom W. , Li Haitao , David Yael , Maze Ian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression1–3. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation4–10 and dopaminylation9,11–13 of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour. We found that H3Q5his, in contrast to H3Q5ser, inhibits the binding of WDR5, a core member of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, thereby antagonizing methyltransferase activities on H3K4. Taken together, these data elucidate a mechanism through which a single chromatin regulatory enzyme has the ability to sense chemical microenvironments to affect the epigenetic states of cells, the dynamics of which have critical roles in the regulation of neural rhythmicity.
Remotely delivered weight management for people with long COVID and overweight: the randomized wait-list-controlled ReDIRECT trial
Authors: Combet Emilie , Haag Laura , Richardson Janice , Haig Caroline E. , Cunningham Yvonne , Fraser Heather L. , Brosnahan Naomi , Ibbotson Tracy , Ormerod Jane , White Chris , McIntosh Emma , O’Donnell Catherine A. , Sattar Naveed , McConnachie Alex , Lean Michael E. J. , Blane David N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Long COVID (LC) is a complex multisymptom condition with no known disease-modifying treatments. This wait-list-controlled open-label trial tested whether a remotely delivered structured weight management program could improve respective LC symptoms in people living with overweight. Adults with LC (symptoms >12 weeks) and body mass index >27 kg m−2 (>25 kg m−2 for South Asians) were randomized (n = 234, 1:1) to control (n = 116, usual care) or the remotely delivered structured weight management (n = 118, total diet replacement (850 kcal per day) for 12 weeks, followed by food reintroduction and weight loss maintenance support) via minimization and randomization (80:20) to balance dominant LC symptom, sex, age, ethnicity and postcode-based index of multiple deprivation between groups. The control group received the intervention after 6 months. Participants selected the dominant LC symptom they would most like to improve (fatigue, breathlessness, pain, anxiety/depression or other) as the prespecified respective primary outcome. Individual symptoms were assessed using validated questionnaires and a visual analog scale for those without prespecified scales. At 6 months, the primary outcome improved in the intervention group (change −1.16 (s.d. 1.42), n = 97 analyzed) compared with the control group (change −0.83 (s.d. 1.14), n = 117 analyzed) with a treatment effect of −0.34 (95% confidence interval −0.67 to −0.01), with no excess of serious adverse events. International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry registration: ISRCTN12595520.