bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How attractive is the participation in a Living Lab study? Experimental evidence and recommendations
Authors: Brohmer Hilmar , Munz Katinka , Röderer Kathrin , Anzengruber Christoph , Wendland Matthias , Corcoran Katja 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiving Labs, which are urban sites that include households and workplaces and are used to study the real-time use of technological innovations and devices, have become increasingly popular among environmental scientists to gain insights into energy consumption in peoples’ everyday life. However, recruiting a viable number of participants for such studies can pose a challenge to researchers: Factors like month-long study durations and the requirements to handle smart technology proficiently or frequently exchange information with researchers and other users do not necessarily make participation attractive for everyone. To identify relevant factors for participation, we conducted three large preregistered surveys (total N = 1479) in Austria: two conjoint studies and one experimental study. We found that advertising a Living Lab with a shorter duration (less than a month), providing the option to participate from home, and—a crucial point—offering financial incentives should be considered when considering promotion strategies and conducting thorough study planning. However, we discuss the fact that there might be a risk of selection bias for technic-savvy and future-oriented people.
Automated prediction of wet-snow avalanche activity in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Hendrick Martin , Techel Frank , Volpi Michele , Olevski Tasko , Pérez-Guillén Cristina , Herwijnen Alec van , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWet-snow avalanches are triggered by the infiltration of liquid water which weakens the snowpack. Wet-snow avalanches are among the most destructive avalanches, yet their release mechanism is not sufficiently understood for a process-based prediction model. Therefore, we followed a data-driven approach and developed a random forest model, depending on slope aspect, to predict the local wet-snow avalanche activity at the locations of 124 automated weather stations distributed throughout the Swiss Alps. The input variables were the snow and weather data recorded by the stations over the past 20 years. The target variable was based on manual observations over the same 20-year period. To filter out erroneous reports, we defined the days with wet-snow avalanches in a stringent manner, selecting only the most extreme active or inactive days, which reduced the size of the dataset but increased the reliability of the target variable. The model was trained with weather variables and variables computed from simulated snow stratigraphy in 38$^\circ$ slopes facing the 4 cardinal directions. While model development and validation were done in nowcast mode, we also studied model performance in 24-hour forecast mode by using input variables computed from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model. Overall, the performance was good in both nowcast and forecast mode (f1-score around 0.8). To assess model performance beyond the stringent definition of wet-snow avalanche days, we compared model predictions to wet-snow avalanche activity over the entire Swiss Alps, based on the raw data over 8 winters. We obtained a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.71. Hence, our model represents a step toward the application of support tools in operational wet-snow avalanche forecasting.
Is the quality of evidence in health technology assessment deteriorating over time? A case study on cancer drugs in Australia
Authors: Gao Yuan , Laka Mah , Merlin Tracy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to assess whether there have been changes in the quality of clinical evidence submitted for government subsidy decisions on cancer medicines over the past 15 years.

Methods
We reviewed public summary documents (PSDs) reporting on subsidy decisions made by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) from July 2005 to July 2020. Information was extracted on the study design, directness of comparison, sample size, and risk of bias (RoB). Changes in the quality of evidence were assessed using regression analysis.

Results
Overall, 214 PSDs were included in the analysis. Thirty-seven percent lacked direct comparative evidence. Thirteen percent presented observational or single-arm studies as the basis for decisions. Among PSDs presenting indirect comparisons, 78 percent reported transitivity issues. Nearly half (41 percent) of PSDs reporting on medicines supported by head-to-head studies noted there was a moderate/high/unclear RoB. PSDs reporting concerns with RoB increased by a third over the past 7 years, even after adjusting for disease rarity and trial data maturity (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.70). No time trends were observed regarding the directness of clinical evidence, study design, transitivity issues, or sample size during any of the analyzed periods.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the clinical evidence supplied to inform funding decisions for cancer medicines is often of poor quality and has been deteriorating over time. This is concerning as it introduces greater uncertainty in decision making. This is particularly important as the evidence supplied to the PBAC is often the same as that supplied to other global decision-making bodies.
Extraverted innovators and conscientious laggards? Investigating effects of personality traits on language change
Authors: Steiner Carina , Jeszenszky Péter , Stebler Viviane , Leemann Adrian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough personality-related factors play a crucial role in sociolinguistics as conceivable sources of language variation and change, there is insufficient quantitative evidence on such relationships. Using a large and balanced sample (n= 1000), this study investigated effects of personality traits on the use of a Swiss German plural marker in its early stages of diffusion. Besides age and region, conscientiousness and extraversion emerged as the most important predictors: less conscientious and, to a certain extent, more extraverted speakers were more likely to contribute to the diffusion of the morphological innovations under investigation. Based on our results, we argue that less conscientious speakers might monitor their own speech and that of others less closely, thus adopting innovations earlier, whereas extraverted speakers may act as successful brokers in transmitting innovations from one social group to another.
A comparison of latent semantic analysis and correspondence analysis of document-term matrices
Authors: Qi Qianqian , Hessen David J. , Deoskar Tejaswini , van der Heijden Peter G. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLatent semantic analysis (LSA) and correspondence analysis (CA) are two techniques that use a singular value decomposition for dimensionality reduction. LSA has been extensively used to obtain low-dimensional representations that capture relationships among documents and terms. In this article, we present a theoretical analysis and comparison of the two techniques in the context of document-term matrices. We show that CA has some attractive properties as compared to LSA, for instance that effects of margins, that is, sums of row elements and column elements, arising from differing document lengths and term frequencies are effectively eliminated so that the CA solution is optimally suited to focus on relationships among documents and terms. A unifying framework is proposed that includes both CA and LSA as special cases. We empirically compare CA to various LSA-based methods on text categorization in English and authorship attribution on historical Dutch texts and find that CA performs significantly better. We also apply CA to a long-standing question regarding the authorship of the Dutch national anthem Wilhelmus and provide further support that it can be attributed to the author Datheen, among several contenders.
Community Practices and Getting Good at Bad Emotions
Authors: Olberding Amy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly Confucian philosophy is remarkable in its attention to everyday social interactions and their power to steer our emotional lives. Their work on the social dimensions of our moral-emotional lives is enormously promising for thinking through our own context and struggles, particularly, I argue, the ways that public rhetoric and practices may steer us away from some emotions it can be important to have, especially negative emotions. Some of our emotions are bad – unpleasant to experience, reflective of dissatisfactions or even heartbreak – but nonetheless quite important to express and, more basically, to feel. Grief is like this, for example. So, too, is disappointment. In this essay, I explore how our current social practices may fail to support expressions of disappointment and thus suppress our ability to feel it well.
Vasubandhu on the First Person
Authors: Das Nilanjan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn classical South Asia, most philosophers thought that the self (if it exists at all) is what the first-person pronoun ‘I’ stands for. It is something that persists through time, undergoes conscious thoughts and experiences, and exercises control over actions. The Buddhists accepted the ‘no self’ thesis: they denied that such a self is substantially real. This gave rise to a puzzle for these Buddhists. If there is nothing substantially real that ‘I’ stands for, what are we talking about when we speak of ourselves? In this paper, I present one Buddhist answer to this question, an answer that emerges from the work of the Abhidharma thinker Vasubandhu (4th to 5th century CE).
Introduction: How Can and Should Philosophy Be Expanding its Horizons?
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Royal Institute of Philosophy volume of which this paper is an introduction is on the theme of ‘Expanding Horizons’. But what does it mean for philosophy to fruitfully expand its horizons? The contributions to the volume suggest at least five profitable ways. First, by looking to other philosophical traditions for new perspectives on familiar questions and alternative methods, questions, and ways of understanding. Second, by looking to what has been neglected or overlooked in our own histories of thought. Third, by developing novel methods, in addition to argument, for investigating philosophical issues. Fourth, by embracing different modalities for doing philology, such as the literary. Fifth, by reflecting on the practice of comparative philosophy to better understand the extent to which philosophy can and should be universal. Together, these approaches both increase the range of voices heard in philosophy and the scope and ambition of the discipline.
Computing Rates and Distributions of Rock Recovery in Subduction Zones
Authors: Kerswell Buchanan C. , Kohn Matthew J. , Gerya Taras V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBodies of rock that are detached (recovered) from subducting oceanic plates, and exhumed to Earth's surface, become invaluable records of the mechanical and chemical processing of rock along subduction interfaces. Exposures of interface rocks with high‐pressure (HP) mineral assemblages provide insights into the nature of rock recovery, yet various inconsistencies arise when directly comparing the rock record with numerical simulations of subduction. Constraining recovery rates and depths from the rock record presents a major challenge because small sample sizes of HP rocks reduce statistical power. As an alternative approach, this study implements a classification algorithm to identify rock recovery in numerical simulations of oceanic‐continental convergence. Over one million markers are classified from 64 simulations representing a large range of subduction zones. Recovery pressures (depths) correlate strongly with convergence velocity and moderately with oceanic plate age, while slab‐top thermal gradients correlate strongly with oceanic plate age and upper‐plate thickness. Recovery rates strongly correlate with upper‐plate thickness, yet show no correlation with convergence velocity or oceanic plate age. Likewise, pressure‐temperature (PT) distributions of recovered markers vary among numerical experiments and generally show deviations from the rock record that cannot be explained by petrologic uncertainties alone. For example, a significant gap in marker recovery is found near 2 GPa and 550°C, coinciding with the highest frequencies of exhumed HP rocks. Explanations for such a gap in marker recovery include numerical modeling uncertainties, selective sampling of exhumed HP rocks, or natural geodynamic factors not accounted for in numerical experiments.
Greenland Subglacial Discharge as a Driver of Hotspots of Increasing Coastal Chlorophyll Since the Early 2000s
Authors: Oliver Hilde , Slater Donald , Carroll Dustin , Wood Michael , Morlighem Mathieu , Hopwood Mark J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSubglacial discharge emerging from the base of Greenland's marine‐terminating glaciers drives upwelling of nutrient‐rich bottom waters to the euphotic zone, which can fuel nitrate‐limited phytoplankton growth. Here, we use buoyant plume theory to quantify this subglacial discharge‐driven nutrient supply on a pan‐Greenland scale. The modeled nitrate fluxes were concentrated in a few critical systems, with half of the total modeled nitrate flux anomaly occurring at just 14% of marine‐terminating glaciers. Increasing subglacial discharge fluxes results in elevated nitrate fluxes, with the largest flux occurring at Jakobshavn Isbræ in Disko Bay, where subglacial discharge is largest. Subglacial discharge and nitrate flux anomaly also account for significant temporal variability in summer satellite chlorophyll a (Chl) within 50 km of Greenland's coast, particularly in some regions in central west and northwest Greenland.
Using InSight Data to Calibrate Seismicity From Remote Observations of Surface Faulting
Authors: Sabbeth L. , Smrekar S. E. , Stock J. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe use a scaling relationship between fault length and scalar moment to predict seismicity from the Cerberus Fossae graben using shear modulus and fault lengths. Cerberus Fossae is 20–40° (1,200–2,300 km) from the InSight lander and matches the location of 21 recorded seismic events withMw ≥ 3. These unique seismic observations make an ideal laboratory to test our method of predicting seismicity on another planet using surface fault observations. Terrestrial faults have observed patterns of rupture depth distributions and segmentation. We use these patterns and magnitudes of detected marsquakes to predict moment release of events in Cerberus Fossae over a range of plausible Martian rupture vertical slip extents (VSEs) of 2, 20, and 40 km, which are rooted in estimates of crustal thickness, elastic thickness, and seismicity depth. We sum individual events for each case to determine cumulative moment release and use deformation duration to determine annual moment release. Predicted seismicity rates are dependent on the duration of deformation, which in this case is well constrained to 2–10 Ma. We compare our results to events recorded at Cerberus Fossae by InSight and find that seismicity rates for the cases with a 40 km maximum VSE or no limit on VSE are within an order of magnitude of observed seismicity. Faults with maximum VSEs of 2 km best match observed magnitudes. Our approach, using only observed fault lengths, segmentation, seismogenic thickness estimates, and deformation duration, produces seismicity estimates that are as accurate as methods that take rupture offset into account.
Modeling Ring Current Proton Fluxes Using Artificial Neural Network and Van Allen Probe Measurements
Authors: Li Jinxing , Bortnik Jacob , Chu Xiangning , Ma Donglai , Tian Sheng , Wang Chih‐Ping , Manweiler Jerry W. , Lanzerotti Louis J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTerrestrial ring current dynamics are a critical part of the near‐space environment, in that they directly drive geomagnetic field variations that control particle drifts, and define geomagnetic storms. The present study aims to specify a global and time‐varying distribution of ring current proton using geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters with their history as input. We train an artificial neural network (ANN) model to reproduce proton fluxes measured by the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment instrument onboard Van Allen Probes. By choosing optimal feature parameters and their history length, the model results show a high correlation and a small error between model specifications and satellite measurements. The modeled results well capture energy‐dependent proton dynamics in association with geomagnetic storms, including inward radial diffusion, acceleration and decay. Our ANN model produces proton fluxes with their corresponding 3D spatiotemporal variations, capturing the latitudinal distribution and local time asymmetry that are consistent with observations and that can further inform theory.
Contrasting Responses of Atlantic and Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity to Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
Authors: Huang Huanping , Collins William D. , Patricola Christina M. , Ruprich‐Robert Yohan , Ullrich Paul A. , Baker Alexander J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research assesses the influences of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) on global tropical cyclones (TCs) using two large ensembles of idealized global climate model simulations with opposite signs of AMV forcings superimposed (i.e., AMV+ and AMV–). We first detect TCs and then compare TC activity by basin in the two AMV experiments. We find contrasting responses of Atlantic and Pacific TC frequency to the AMV anomalies. Compared to AMV–, AMV+ significantly increases TC frequency in the North Atlantic, including those making landfalls. The increase is explained by warmer sea surface temperature, higher relative humidity, increased relative vorticity, and weaker vertical wind shear under AMV+. By contrast, AMV+ decreases TC occurrence over the western North Pacific and South Pacific, which is tied to stronger vertical wind shear and lower relative humidity. The opposite responses of TC activity to AMV+ are attributed to strengthened Walker Circulation between the Atlantic and Pacific.
Extreme Flood Sediment Production and Export Controlled by Reach‐Scale Morphology
Authors: Baynes E. R. C. , Kincey M. E. , Warburton J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid earth surface evolution is discrete in nature, with short‐duration extreme events having a widespread impact on landscapes despite occurring relatively infrequently. Here, we exploit a unique opportunity to identify the broad, process‐based, controls on sediment production and export during extreme rainfall‐runoff events through a multi‐catchment analysis. A 3 hr extreme rainfall event generated significantly different impacts across three catchments, ranging from (a) sediment export exceeding two orders of magnitude more than the typical long term average to (b) a minimal impact, with this variability primarily controlled by catchment steepness and the presence of reach‐scale morphological transitions caused by postglacial landscape adjustment. In any catchment worldwide where populations are at risk, we highlight the importance of combining topographic analysis with detailed mapping of channel bed material (e.g., presence of transitions between process domains) and identification of sediment sources within morphological transition zones for accurately predicting the impact of extreme events.
Distributing task-related neural activity across a cortical network through task-independent connections
Authors: Kim Christopher M. , Finkelstein Arseny , Chow Carson C. , Svoboda Karel , Darshan Ran 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTask-related neural activity is widespread across populations of neurons during goal-directed behaviors. However, little is known about the synaptic reorganization and circuit mechanisms that lead to broad activity changes. Here we trained a subset of neurons in a spiking network with strong synaptic interactions to reproduce the activity of neurons in the motor cortex during a decision-making task. Task-related activity, resembling the neural data, emerged across the network, even in the untrained neurons. Analysis of trained networks showed that strong untrained synapses, which were independent of the task and determined the dynamical state of the network, mediated the spread of task-related activity. Optogenetic perturbations suggest that the motor cortex is strongly-coupled, supporting the applicability of the mechanism to cortical networks. Our results reveal a cortical mechanism that facilitates distributed representations of task-variables by spreading the activity from a subset of plastic neurons to the entire network through task-independent strong synapses.
Towards high-throughput many-body perturbation theory: efficient algorithms and automated workflows
Authors: Bonacci Miki , Qiao Junfeng , Spallanzani Nicola , Marrazzo Antimo , Pizzi Giovanni , Molinari Elisa , Varsano Daniele , Ferretti Andrea , Prezzi Deborah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe automation of ab initio simulations is essential in view of performing high-throughput (HT) computational screenings oriented to the discovery of novel materials with desired physical properties. In this work, we propose algorithms and implementations that are relevant to extend this approach beyond density functional theory (DFT), in order to automate many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculations. Notably, an algorithm pursuing the goal of an efficient and robust convergence procedure for GW and BSE simulations is provided, together with its implementation in a fully automated framework. This is accompanied by an automatic GW band interpolation scheme based on maximally localized Wannier functions, aiming at a reduction of the computational burden of quasiparticle band structures while preserving high accuracy. The proposed developments are validated on a set of representative semiconductor and metallic systems.
Empirical distributions of traffic loads from one year of weigh-in-motion data
Authors: Iervolino Iunio , Baltzopoulos Georgios , Vitale Antonio , Grella Antonio , Bonini Giovanni , Iannaccone Antonio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the state-of-the-art of structural engineering the actions for design or assessment of bridges should derive from a probabilistic (i.e., frequentist) characterization of the loads. Data from weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems can inform stochastic models for traffic loads. However, WIM is not widespread, and data of this kind are scarce in the literature and often not recent. Due to structural safety reasons, the 52 km long A3 highway in Italy, connecting the cities of Naples and Salerno, has been equipped with a WIM system which has been operational since the beginning of 2021. The system’s measurements of each vehicle transiting over the WIM devices, impede overloads on the many bridges featured in the transportation infrastructure. By the time of this writing the WIM system has seen one year of uninterrupted operation, collecting more than thirty-six million datapoints in the meantime. This short paper presents and discusses these WIM measurements, deriving the empirical distributions of traffic loads and making the original data available for further research and applications.