bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[ENG] MAJOR AND MINOR MASTERS OF THE SEVILLIAN SCHOOL IN THE “GOLDEN AGE” // MAESTROS MAYORES Y MENORES DE LA ESCUELA SEVILLA EN EL “SIGLO DE ORO”
Authors: Cherry Peter 
Published: June 2023

This paper draws attention to some of the problems inherent in the art-historicalconvention of classifying artists in terms of major and minor masters. It takes as anexample the Sevillian “school” of painters of the seventeenth century, headed byFrancisco de Zurbarán and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. It questions the limitations ofthis model as an explanation of the realities of the production and consumption ofpainting in the period.KEY WORDS: Zurbarán, Murillo, Sevillian school, major and minor masters ** Este trabajo analiza algunos de los problemas derivados de la convenciónhistórico-artística de clasificar artistas como maestros mayores o menores. Tomacomo campo de estudio la “escuela” sevillana de pintores del siglo XVII, encabezadapor Francisco de Zurbarán y Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. Cuestiona los límites de estemodelo como explicación de las condiciones reales de producción y consumo de lapintura en la época.PALABRAS CLAVE: Zurbarán, Murillo, Escuela sevillana, maestros mayores ymenores
[SPA] UN PALACIO NOVOHISPANO EN LA CORTE MADRILEÑA. TESOROS VIRREINALES DE LA CASA DUCAL DE ALBURQUERQUE // A NEW SPANISH PALACE IN THE COURT OF MADRID. VICEREGAL TREASURES FROM THE DUCAL HOUSE OF ALBURQUERQUE
Authors: Montes González Francisco 
Published: June 2023

A través del análisis de una serie de inventarios de bienes artísticos localizadosen el Archivo Histórico de la Casa Ducal de Alburquerque se pone en valor laexistencia de ajuares de procedencia americana recogidos entre sus pertenenciasfamiliares. Más allá del gusto predominante en la época moderna por la acumulaciónde estas piezas exóticas, la principal razón residirá en el cargo que ostentaron dosmiembros del linaje como virreyes de la Nueva España a mediados del siglo XVII ycomienzos de la siguiente centuria. Este hecho supuso la circulación de cuantiososobjetos de diferente tipología para la decoración de sus casas principales en la Cortemadrileña, que según los testimonios aportados debieron plasmar a la perfección laapariencia de los suntuosos palacios novohispanos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Coleccionismo, Nueva España, Duque de Alburquerque, Madrid, Palacio ** Through an analysis of a series of inventories located in the historical archiveof the Ducal House of Alburquerque, this essay considers the presence of objects fromthe Spanish American viceroyalties among the belongings of this noble family. Beyondthe predominant taste in the early modern period for the accumulation of exotic objects,their presence here is in large part due to the posts of viceroy of New Spain held bytwo family members in the middle of the 17th century and the beginning of the followingcentury. Their positions caused the circulation of numerous and varied objects,especially for the decoration of their main houses at the court of Madrid, which,according to the sources analyzed here, aimed to reflect the appearance of thesumptuous palaces in New Spain.KEYWORDS: Collecting, New Spain, Duke of Alburquerque, Madrid, Palace
ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE EXTRACCIÓN DE HIERRO DESDE EL LODO ROJO GENERADO EN UNA INDUSTRIA DE ALUMINIO VENEZOLANA
Authors: López Darwin , Linares Carlos , Figueredo Edith 
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo muestra el estudio del proceso de extracción de hierro proveniente de lodos rojos a través de su lixiviación con ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) bajo un diseño de experimentos factorial de dos niveles con cuatro factores (24). Los factores analizados en este trabajo fueron: temperatura de reacción, tiempo de contacto, concentración del ácido y relación líquido a sólido. Se observó que la temperatura de reacción es el factor con mayor incidencia en la cantidad de hierro extraída (80,89%), seguido de la concentración de ácido (3,54 %). La interacción de segundo orden (relación líquido a sólido y temperatura de reacción), de tercer orden (concentración, tiempo y temperatura de reacción) y cuarto orden (concentración de ácido, tiempo de contacto, relación líquido-sólido y temperatura de reacción) afectan de manera significativa la variable respuesta. En base a los factores e interacciones más significativas, se seleccionó como mejor condición para la lixiviación: 30 %v/v de ácido sulfúrico, 3 horas de reacción, relación líquido a sólido 30 mL/g y temperatura de 100 ºC.
DINÁMICA DE LA MAGNETIZACIÓN DE UN NANO-ANILLO DE Fe EN PRESENCIA DE UN CAMPO MAGNÉTICO EXTERNO APLICADO
Authors: Galvis Mauricio , Restrepo-Cárdenas Johans , Niño-Abella Johana Mireya 
Published: June 2023

Se reportan los resultados a 0 K de la magnetización de un sistema geométrico de Fe, en forma de nano-anillo de 3.14 nm de espesor (t), con diámetros, interno, d = 28.26 nm y externo D = 200.96 nm, el cual fue sometido a la acción de un campo magnético externo, H = ± 200 mT, aplicado sobre uno de los ejes de fácil magnetización (x), bajo condiciones de frontera libre. El estudio se realizó a través del programa micromagnético Ubermag que utiliza el paquete OOMMF y el método de diferencias finitas, con un tamaño de celda, c = 1.57 nm. Los resultados muestran ciclos de histéresis abiertos con campos coercitivos (Hc) bien definidos, en donde además se observan escalones que se asocian a campos de nucleación (Hn) y aniquilación (Ha) que se corresponden a la formación y desaparición de dominios magnéticos. En cuanto, a las configuraciones magnéticas, se aprecia la generacion de dominios y paredes de dominio magnético, en algunos casos de tipo Néel. Por último, los gráficos de energáas muestran un paisaje complejo en función del campo, en donde las energías desmagnetizante (Ed), intercambio (Eex), anisotropía (EK) y Zeeman (EZ), compiten entre sí. Tal complejidad esta asociada a la geometría, el tamaño del sistema, y al sentido del campo magnético externo aplicado.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus-induced myositis and oculomotor nerve palsy
Authors: Magyar Máté , Kecskés Kinga 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerpes zoster ophthalmicus is a viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus, affecting the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, called the ophthalmic nerve. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is characterized by a painful rash and blisters on one side of the forehead and around the eye, along with symptoms such as eye redness, tearing, and sensitivity to light, and can also lead to serious complications, such as corneal ulcers, glaucoma, and vision loss, particularly if the eye is involved. Herpes zoster myositis and oculomotor nerve involvement are rare complications of herpes zoster infection. Early diagnosis and treatment, such as antiviral medications, corticosteroids, and pain management, are important to prevent complications and to alleviate symptoms. In our case report we demonstrate the case of an 81-year-old female patient with left sided herpes zoster ophthalmicus, associated with MRI proved orbital myositis and oculomotor nerve involvement. Symptoms were slowly reduced with antiviral therapy. People who develop symptoms of herpes zoster ophthalmicus should seek prompt medical attention to receive appropriate care and to avoid serious complications.
Implementación de un sistema de reconocimiento de voz en el lenguaje Nasa Yuwe basado en Redes Neuronales Convolusionales
Authors: Muñoz Burbano Julio Enrique , Jojoa Gomez Pablo Emilio , Castro Caicedo Fausto Miguel 
Published: June 2023

Introducción: Este artículo presenta la Implementación de un algoritmo para el reconocimiento de voz en el lenguaje Nasa Yuwe basado en Redes Neuronales Convolusionales (RNC), desarrollado en la Universidad del Cauca en el año 2022.
Problema: La riqueza fonética del lenguaje Nasa Yuwe es grande, al poseer 32 vocales, y 34 consonantes, lo que lleva a confusiones en la pronunciación y por lo tanto a dificultades en el reconocimiento de patrones de voz.
Objetivo: Implementar un algoritmo de reconocimiento de voz, para el lenguaje Nasa Yuwe soportado en RNC.
Metodología: Se realizó el preprocesamiento de las señales de audio para posteriormente obtener las características por medio de los escalogramas de los coeficientes de Mel. Finalmente se propone una arquitectura de la RNC para el proceso de clasificación.
Resultados: Se construye un DataSet a partir de los escalograma de los patrones de voz, y se realiza el proceso de entrenamiento de la RNC.
Conclusión: La implementación de un SRV basado RNC, proporciona bajos márgenes de error en el proceso de clasificación de palabras del lenguaje Nasa Yuwe.
Originalidad: El sistema de reconocimiento de voz planteado es el primero y único en su clase que se ha realizado hasta el momento, con el propósito de colaborar en el proceso de enseñanza, conservación y aprendizaje del lenguaje Nasa Yuwe.
Limitaciones: Se requiere aumentar el número de patrones de voz aportados por hablantes nativos, y se plantea la necesidad de implementar otras herramientas tecnologías que permitan la conservación y difusión del lenguaje Nasa Yuwe.
Flexural strength tests of a composite concrete and coffee husk cobblestone for use in pedestrian and light vehicular traffic surfaces, according to NTC 2017 Standard
Authors: Muñoz Caicedo Daniela Alejandra , Miranda Velandia Leidy , Nieves Pimiento Nayive , Toledo Bueno Carlos Augusto 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The article is the product of the research “Characterization of a composite concrete and coffee husk cobblestone for use in pedestrian and light vehicular traffic surfaces”, developed at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, in 2022.
Objective: Evaluate the viability of using coffee husks as a partial substitute in the manufacture of cobblestone according to the Colombian Technical Standard “NTC 2017, Concrete cobblestones for Paving”.
Methodology: The design, manufacture and analysis of cobbles was developed under the Colombian Technical Standard 2017. The coffee husk employed for the manufacture of the cobblestones was used in mixtures equivalent to 10%, acting as a substitute for sand and cement.
Conclusions: The experimental data suggests that the coffee husk mixture should not exceed 10%. The Flexural Strength values increased significantly in comparison to the mixtures whose coffee husk percentages were in ranges between 0.5 and 1.0%.
Originality: Following the bibliographical review, we propose and elaborate upon the idea of using composite concrete and coffee husk cobblestone for pedestrian and light vehicular traffic surfaces
Limitations: There were no limitations as the materials used are of conventional use.
Evaluation of marginal accuracy of nickel chromium copings fabricated from three different fabrication techniques: an in vitro study
Authors: Avhad Ranjukta , Avhad Rajendra , Vora Pratik 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study was to compare the marginal accuracy of Ni-Cr copings made by four different pattern forming methods, using inlay casting wax and pattern resin in the conventional manner, inlay wax patterns by CAD & milling and resin patterns made by a 3 dimensional printing (3DP) technology a total of 40 test samples of Ni-Cr cast copings were made out of 10 patterns of each group using inlay casting wax, pattern resin, inlay wax by CAD and milling and from pattern resin by 3D printing technology. Each cast coping was seated on the stainless steel die and was evaluated for both vertical and horizontal marginal gaps using a translating tool makers microscope. The vertical marginal gap data was analyzed by use of Kruskal Wallis Test followed by Mann Whitney U Test and the horizontal marginal gap data was analyzed by using ANOVA followed by Tukey honestly significantly different (HSD) tests. 3D printed resin pattern copings showed better results of marginal adaptability. marginal fit of the Ni-Cr cast copings fabricated from the patterns prepared from inlay casting wax, pattern resin, CAD milling and 3 dimensional printing (3DP) technology were in the clinically acceptable range for longevity of restorations.
Gelecek Salgınlara Ders Olması Gereken COVID-19 Deneyimi: Bir Üniversite Hastanesinde Görevli Sağlık Çalışanlarının Enfekte Olma Kaygısı Üzerine Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: YAPAR Dilek , DEMİR AVCI Yasemin , TOKUR SONUVAR Esra , KARAKAYA İsmail , İLHAN Mustafa Necmi 
Published: June 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemisinin erken dönemlerinde görev yapan sağlık çalışanlarının enfekte olma riskine ilişkin kaygısını incelenmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu nitel araştırmada durum çalışması deseni kullanılmış olup, görüşmeler 01 Haziran- 31 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında bir üniversite hastanesinde pandemi polikliniği, servisi ve yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan 32 sağlık çalışan ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara görüşmenin sonunda COVID-19 bulaşması konusunda kaygı düzeyini değerlendirmek amacıyla Vizüal Analog Skala 10 ve depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyini ölçmek için Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres Ölçeği-21 eş zamanlı uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen görüşmeler NVivo11 programına aktarılarak içerik analizi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Sağlık çalışanlarının enfekte olma kaygısını açıklayan dört tema (Kaygı Deneyimleri, Kaygı Nedenleri, Başa Çıkma Yolları ve Kaygının Etkileri), on üç ana kategori, sekiz alt kategori ve yüz otuz sekiz kod belirlenmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının kaygı deneyimlerinin enfekte olma ve enfekte etme riski, mesleki zorluklar, koruyucu donanım eksikliği, aileden ayrılık, temizlik ve hijyen gibi faktörlerden etkilendiği anlaşılmıştır. Kaygı nedenlerinin salgınla ilişkili, kişisel nedenler ve çalışma koşulları olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının kaygı ile başa çıkmak için çeşitli yöntemler kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Sağlık çalışanları kaygının sağlık hizmetlerine, iş verimine ve psikolojilerine etkisinin olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca sağlık çalışanlarının kaygı ile ilgili duygularının olumsuz yönde etkilendiği ve somatik belirtilerinin ortaya çıktığı bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanları COVID-19 salgınında hem enfeksiyon bulaşma ve hem de bulaştırma kaygısı ve buna bağlı stres yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Salgınlarda görev alacak sağlık personeli için tüm fiziksel, sosyal ve ruhsal tüm koruyucu önlemler alınmalıdır.
Pemanfaatan Zeolit Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (Zeolit-SDBS) dari Abu Sekam Padi Sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal (Pb)
Authors: Ramadani Kurnia , Sjamsiah Sjamsiah , Putriani Putriani , Adawiah Syarifah Rabiatul 
Published: June 2023

Zeolit adalah batuan mineral yang tersusun dari silika dan alumina. Sumber silika tertinggi dapat diperoleh dari sekam padi yang merupakan bagian terluar dari gabah hasil panen. Penelitain ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya daya serap zeolit SDBS dari abu sekam padi terhadap logam Pb. Metode yang digunakan adalah hidrotermal pada temperatur 120oC. Karakterisasi zeolit sintesis dengan XRD untuk mengetahui kemurnian zeolit dan kristalinitasnya serta analisis hasil adsorpsi menggunakan SSA. Hasil penelitian dengan XRD menunjukkan pada ZS1 terdapat senyawa sodalit, serta ZS2 dan ZS3 terdapat zeolit K, zeolit (K, Ba) G dan L. Hasil adsorpsi dengan Pb menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi sebesar 99,47% (ZS1), 95,78% (ZS2) dan 94,67% (ZS3). Kata kunci: Zeolit-SDBS, sekam padi, logam Pb dan Adsorben.
Tiroid ve Paratiroid Cerrahisinde İntraoperatif Nöromonitörizasyon Uygulamasında İğne Elektrot ve Yüzey Elektrotlu Endotrakeal Tüp Kullanımının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ALÇI Erman 
Published: June 2023

Öz:
Amaç: Yüzey elektrotlu endotrakeal tüp kullanılarak yapılan intraoperatif nöromonitörizasyon güvenli ve basit olması sebebiyle günümüzde en yaygın kullanılan teknik haline gelmiştir. Yüzey elektrotlu endotrakeal tüp ile intraoperatif nöromonitörizasyonun, yanlış pozitif sinyal kaybı gibi bazı dezavantajları vardır. Bu nedenle, tiroid kıkırdağına yerleştirilen elektrotlar, tiroaritenoid kasın ve RLS' nin fonksiyonunu değerlendirmek için alternatif bir araçtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tiroid ve paratiroid cerrahisinde uygulanan aralıklı intraoperatif nöromonitörizasyon esnasında tiroid kıkırdak iğne elektrotları ve standart endotrakeal tüp yüzey elektrotları beraber kullanılarak eşzamanlı olarak kaydedilen EMG sinyallerinin değerlendirilmesi ve karşılaştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada tek merkezde, aralıklı intraoperatif nöromonitörizasyon sisteminin kayıt tarafı olarak hem tiroid kıkırdak iğne elektrotları hem de endotrakeal tüp yüzey elektrotları birlikte kullanılıp eş zamanlı olarak EMG sinyali kaydedilen ilk 21 tiroid ve paratiroid ameliyatının verileri retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Genel olarak, hem sağ hem de sol tarafta tiroid kıkırdak iğne elektrotlarından kaydedilen EMG genlikleri, her adımda (V1-R1-R2-V2) endotrakeal tüp yüzey elektrotlarından kaydedilenlerden belirgin olarak daha yüksek olarak saptanmıştır (tüm uyarı basamaklarında p
Case Report: Management Penetrating Brain Injury Across Middle Third of Superior Sagittal Sinus
Authors: Chumaidi Achmad , July Julius 
Published: June 2023

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Penetrating cranial injuries are rarely reported on thick parietal bone. Goal of its management include removal of the foreign object while minimizing furher damage to the brain and associated neurovascular structures, also prevent further complications.</p><p><strong>Case </strong><strong>Description</strong>: We report a case of a 22-year-old male presented with machete stucked in his head following an accidentally fell down of the weapon from a coconut tree. The cranial location affected were midparietal. He was disoriented on admission, with neither neurological focal signs nor seizure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed that the object penetrate middle superior sagittal sinus. After emergency craniotomy to remove the objects, debridement, dural sinus repair were performed. Recovery was complete without sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Laceration of the middle thirds of the superior sagittal sinus require special handling and care during surgery. Operative approach and treatment strategies are among the most important considerations to achieve the best patient outcomes. </p>
Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Methodist 2 Palembang High School Student towards Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (PHBS)
Authors: Christine Theodora , Rivami Dwi Savitri 
Published: June 2023

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Clean and Healthy Lifestyle or namely PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) in Indonesia is a program from the Indonesian Ministry of Health that has been implemented since 1996. PHBS in school settings is very important to be realized in order to create a clean and healthy school environment so that the learning and teaching process can run effectively.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to describe the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Methodist 2 High School students towards PHBS. In addition, this study also aims to see the relationship between PHBS knowledge and attitudes towards PHBS behavior in Methodist 2 Palembang High school students</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study uses a cross-sectional study involving 216 students obtained by calculating unpaired categorical analytic samples. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire distributed online via google form. The data obtained were processed using Chi Square through the SPSS 25.</p><strong>Result:</strong> There were 216 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The sample consisting of female (n=124 (57.4%)) and male (n=92 (42.6%)) and distributed evenly from 1st grade to 3rd grade (1<sup>st</sup> grade n=65 (30.1%), 2nd grade n=75 (34.7%), 3rd grade n=76 (35.2%)). Using average value as cut off point (12.7), most of the students of Methodist 2 Palembang high school had a sufficient knowledge of PHBS (n=132 (61%) and the rest of it had insufficient knowledge of PHBS (n=84 (38,9%)). With median value (57.6) as the cut-off point, it showed that most of the students had a sufficient PHBS attitude (n=118 (54.6%)) and the rest of it had insufficient attitude of PHBS (n=98 (45,5%)). With average value (13.2) as cut off point, most of the students had insufficient PHBS behavior (n=102 (52.8%)) and the rest of it had sufficient behavior of PHBS (n=102 (42,7%)). The results of the analysis found that there was no significant relationship between knowledge and PHBS behavior among Methodist 2 Palembang high school students (p value = 0.744) and there was a significant relationship between PHBS attitudes towards PHBS behavior among Methodist 2 Palembang high school students (p value = &lt;0.001).
Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyah Waatsaru AL-Qiro'at AL-Quraniyah Fii Ta'ziziha (Surah Al-Fatihah Anamuzujan)
Authors: Bin Muhammad Rifa'i Adil Bin Ibrahim 
Published: June 2023

??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.
?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? “???? ??????? ???????”? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? “???? ??????? ???????”
Tarikh a-Lughah al-'Arabiyah Fi Indunisiya
Authors: Effendy Ahmad Fuad 
Published: June 2023

: ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????. ??? ????? "????? ????? ????? ??? 1999"? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????: ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????.