bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Patients with Obstructive Hydrocephalus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pasqualotto Eric , Schmidt Pedro Henrique Siedschlag , Ferreira Rafael Oliva Morgado , Chavez Matheus Pedrotti , da Silva Fernanda Feuerharmel Soares 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) are surgical methods for treating obstructive hydrocephalus. However, there is still disagreement regarding the most effective technique, in terms of both operative success and postoperative complications. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of these two methods in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing ETV and VPS in pediatric or adult patients with obstructive hydrocephalus were included. The outcomes included were operative success, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, postoperative infection, postoperative or intraoperative bleeding, blockage rate, and mortality. The risk ratio (RR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated with I
2 statistics. We used a fixed-effects model for outcomes with I
2 < 25% and DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model for other conditions. The Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials was used for risk-of-bias assessment. R, version 4.2.1, was used for statistical analyses. Of the 2,353 identified studies, 5 RCTs were included, involving 310 patients with obstructive hydrocephalus, of which 163 underwent ETV. There was a significant difference in favor of ETV for postoperative infection (risk ratio [RR]: 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–0.33; p < 0.0001; I
2 = 0%) and blockage rate (RR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03–0.75; p = 0.02; I
2 = 53%). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between groups for the postoperative or intraoperative bleeding (RR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.17–1.15; p = 0.09; I
2 = 0%), postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.22–1.92; p = 0.44; I
2 = 18%), operative success (RR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.77–1.82; p = 0.44; I
2 = 84%), and mortality (RR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.03–1.09; p = 0.06; I
2 = 0%). Three RCTs had some concerns about the risk of bias and one RCT had a high risk of bias due to the process of randomization and selection of reported results. Thus, this meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating ETV compared with VPS demonstrated that although there is no superiority of ETV in terms of operative success, the incidence of complications was significantly higher in patients who underwent VPS. Our results suggest that the use of ETV provides greater benefits for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus. However, more RCTs are needed to corroborate the superiority of ETV.
Human Orthopaedic Articles Convey Information Differently than Veterinary Orthopaedic Articles: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Evans Richard , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this analysis was to compare the length and number of active voice sentences in human orthopaedic articles to veterinary orthopaedic articles. The goal is to provide authors and reviewers with objective, evidence-based guidelines to critically evaluate those two aspects of style of veterinary manuscripts during the writing phase of research and the review process. We used word counts and the percent of active voice sentences of the introduction sections and discussion sections in 15 randomly chosen veterinary orthopaedic clinical trial articles and 15 randomly chosen human orthopaedic clinical trial articles. Veterinary introduction sections were on average 193 words longer than human introduction sections (p = 0.001). Veterinary discussion sections were on average 370 words longer than human discussion sections. Veterinary introduction sections had on average 14.4 percent fewer active voice sentences than human introduction sections (p = 0.003). Veterinary discussion sections had on average 8.3 percent fewer active voice sentences than human discussion sections. Our conclusion is that human articles are written in a different style from veterinary clinical trial articles, which could be written with fewer words and more active sentences.
Multiple Symptomatic Spinal Intradural Arachnoid Cysts: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Vikrant , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Tiwari Sarbesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA spinal arachnoid cyst is a rare entity representing only 1 to 3% of spinal canal lesions. Very few of them are reported to be symptomatic. Moreover, occurrence in multiples is even rarer. Extradural type is more common than intradural. In the spine, it is rare in the sacral region. Other common pathologies, such as a dermoid or epidermoid cyst, are often considered at presentation. Even magnetic resonance imaging can miss the diagnosis sometimes. We report a case with symptoms of paraparesis and incontinence at presentation, initially misdiagnosed as a dermoid cyst, later found to be multiple intradural arachnoid cysts located in the sacral region. Spinal arachnoid cysts may cause debilitating symptoms. The disease is completely curable if the detection and classification are early as in our case.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery in Brunei Darussalam: A Population-Based Perspective
Authors: Boban Merlin , Mathew John , Thien Ady 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is commonly performed to treat hydrocephalus. We aimed to characterize the demographics, complications, and outcomes of patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery in Brunei Darussalam.
Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery at the Neurosurgery Department of the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital and Brunei Neuroscience Stroke and Rehabilitation Centre between January 2015 and June 2020.
Statistical Analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States). The χ2 test, Student's t-test, and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for nominal, normally, and non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors of complications and shunt failure.
Results Fifty-three patients with a median age of 33 (interquartile range, 4–49) years were included. A total of 53 shunt operations were performed: 18 in the pediatric population and 35 in adults. The overall complication rate was 22.6%. Infection was the most common (9.4%) complication, with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the common organism causing the infection. The shunt failure rate (defined as removal or revision) was 20.8%. Univariate and multivariate analyses did not identify factors associated with complications or shunt failure.
Conclusion Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery, a common and technically non-demanding neurosurgical procedure, is associated with significant complications. We highlighted that shunt infection remains a concern and advocate practices to negate this risk.
Identifying trends and patterns in offending and victimization on Snapchat: a rapid review
Authors: Huie Kelly , Butler Michelle , Percy Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFew studies have examined crime on Snapchat despite its popularity and growing accounts of victimization occurring on the application. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by conducting a rapid review of crime on Snapchat across 18 databases. The findings indicate this area is under-researched, with only 35 articles eligible for inclusion and five focusing solely on crime on Snapchat. Nevertheless, eleven types of crimes were identified as occurring on Snapchat, including: blackmail; the sharing of private, sexual material without consent; grooming/solicitation of minors; stalking; posting threatening, intimidating or harassing material; hate crime; sharing offensive, menacing or obscene content; obtaining illicit goods; identity theft; fraud; and hacking. The findings additionally revealed some patterns in offending and victimization that are also discussed.
The relation between football clubs and economic growth: the case of developed countries
Authors: Aygün Murat , Savaş Yunus , Alma Savaş Dilek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is believed that societies use sports as a tool for their social and cultural development. In particular, developed countries have embraced sports as part of their lives and have ranked it as a source of economic growth. The increase in sports consumption and industries can contribute to economic growth, and economic growth can have a positive impact on sports industries vice versa. The wavelet methodology is a way to discover the relationship between sports and economic growth by examining frequency and time domain aspects and identifying shorter to longer-term relationships continuously. The industrial production of different countries has experienced short and medium-term cycles around the year 2020. In contrast, the values of football clubs in these countries have shown minimal fluctuations, despite the emergence of some areas with slight significance. The cross wavelet analysis asserted the significance relation revealed after the covid 19 restrictions, both in shorter and longer periods. The wavelet coherence analysis showed that co-movement was observed in short-term cycles in countries across the periods while long-term co-movements are observed only in only in small areas or generally out of cone of influence.
Ethics and discrimination in artificial intelligence-enabled recruitment practices
Authors: Chen Zhisheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to address the research gap on algorithmic discrimination caused by AI-enabled recruitment and explore technical and managerial solutions. The primary research approach used is a literature review. The findings suggest that AI-enabled recruitment has the potential to enhance recruitment quality, increase efficiency, and reduce transactional work. However, algorithmic bias results in discriminatory hiring practices based on gender, race, color, and personality traits. The study indicates that algorithmic bias stems from limited raw data sets and biased algorithm designers. To mitigate this issue, it is recommended to implement technical measures, such as unbiased dataset frameworks and improved algorithmic transparency, as well as management measures like internal corporate ethical governance and external oversight. Employing Grounded Theory, the study conducted survey analysis to collect firsthand data on respondents’ experiences and perceptions of AI-driven recruitment applications and discrimination.
Exploring the dynamics of corruption perceptions in sustained anti-corruption campaigns: a survey experiment in China
Authors: Pan Yating , Shu Zhan , Ye Zhipeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEvidence increasingly shows that anti-corruption investigations generate negative perceptions in the short run and lead to perceptions of reduced corruption in the long run. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of anti-corruption investigations on corruption perceptions within sustained anti-corruption campaigns. In certain nations, anti-corruption campaigns can be relentless. In such sustained campaigns, can fluctuations in the annual number of investigations affect corruption perceptions? This study aims to address the gap by conducting a survey experiment in China. The findings indicate that corruption perceptions are formed in an online evaluation fashion rather than a memory-based one. Individuals spontaneously form and revise their perceptions by integrating new information into their existing evaluations. Corruption perceptions are positively correlated with both the past trend in the annual number of investigations and recent investigations. Unexpected recent investigations can reverse people’s corruption perceptions that are based on past trends. These findings are applicable to other nations in which anti-corruption campaigns are sustained and anti-corruption information is publicly accessible.
Atom probe tomography using an extreme ultraviolet trigger pulse
Authors: Caplins Benjamin W. , Chiaramonti Ann N. , Garcia Jacob M. , Sanford Norman A. , Miaja-Avila Luis 
Published: September 2023

Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful materials characterization technique capable of measuring the isotopically resolved three-dimensional (3D) structure of nanoscale specimens with atomic resolution. Modern APT instrumentation most often uses an optical pulse to trigger field ion evaporation—most commonly, the second or third harmonic of a Nd laser is utilized (∼λ = 532 nm or λ = 355 nm). Herein, we describe an APT instrument that utilizes ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical pulses to trigger field ion emission. The EUV light is generated via a commercially available high harmonic generation system based on a noble-gas-filled capillary. The centroid of the EUV spectrum is tunable from around 25 eV (λ = 50 nm) to 45 eV (λ = 28 nm), dependent on the identity of the gas in the capillary (Xe, Kr, or Ar). EUV pulses are delivered to the APT analysis chamber via a vacuum beamline that was optimized to maximize photon flux at the APT specimen apex while minimizing complexity. We describe the design of the beamline in detail, including the various compromises involved. We characterize the spectrum of the EUV light and its evolution as it propagates through the various optical elements. The EUV focus spot size is measured at the APT specimen plane, and the effects of misalignment are simulated and discussed. The long-term stability of the EUV source has been demonstrated for more than a year. Finally, APT mass spectra are shown, demonstrating the instrument’s ability to successfully trigger field ion emission from semiconductors (Si, GaN) and insulating materials (Al2O3).
An automated parameter domain decomposition approach for gravitational wave surrogates using hp-greedy refinement
Authors: Cerino Franco , Andrés Diaz-Pace J , Tiglio Manuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We introduce hp-greedy, a refinement approach for building gravitational wave (GW) surrogates as an extension of the standard reduced basis framework. Our proposal is data-driven, with a domain decomposition of the parameter space, local reduced basis, and a binary tree as the resulting structure, which are obtained in an automated way. When compared to the standard global reduced basis approach, the numerical simulations of our proposal show three salient features: (i) representations of lower dimension with no loss of accuracy, (ii) a significantly higher accuracy for a fixed maximum dimensionality of the basis, in some cases by orders of magnitude, and (iii) results that depend on the reduced basis seed choice used by the refinement algorithm. We first illustrate the key parts of our approach with a toy model and then present a more realistic use case of GWs emitted by the collision of two spinning, non-precessing black holes. We discuss performance aspects of hp-greedy, such as overfitting with respect to the depth of the tree structure, and other hyperparameter dependences. As two direct applications of the proposed hp-greedy refinement, we envision: (i) a further acceleration of statistical inference, which might be complementary to focused reduced-order quadratures, and (ii) the search of GWs through clustering and nearest neighbors.
Automated vehicle wheelbase measurement using computer vision and view geometry
Authors: Liu Yingkai , Han Dayong , Cao Ran , Guo Jingjing , Deng Lu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For different transportation agencies that monitor vehicle overloads, develop policies to mitigate the impact of vehicles on infrastructure, and provide the necessary data for road maintenance, they all rely on precise, detailed and real-time vehicle data. Currently, real-time collection of vehicle data (type, axle load, geometry, etc) is typically performed through weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations. In particular, the bridge WIM (BWIM) technology, which uses instrumented bridges as weighing platforms, has proven to be the most widely used inspection method. For most of the BWIM algorithms, the position of the vehicle’s axle (i.e. vehicle wheelbase) needs to be measured before calculating the axle load, and the identification of the axle load is very sensitive to the accuracy of the vehicle wheelbase. In addition, the vehicle’s wheelbase is also important data when counting stochastic traffic flow and classifying passing vehicles. When performing these statistics, the amount of data is often very large, and the statistics can take years or even decades to complete. Traditional manual inspection and recording approaches are clearly not up to the task. Therefore, to achieve automatic measurement of the on-road vehicles’ wheelbase, a framework based on computer vision and view geometry is developed. First, images of on-road vehicles are captured. From the images, the vehicle and wheel regions can be accurately detected based on the You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5) architecture. Then, the residual unified network model is improved and an accurate semantic segmentation of the wheel within the bounding box is performed. Finally, a view geometry-based algorithm is developed for identifying vehicle wheelbase. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the identified results with the true wheelbases of both two-axle vehicles and multi-axis vehicles. To further validate the effectiveness and robustness of the framework, the effects of important factors, such as camera position, vehicle angle, and camera resolution, are investigated through parametric studies. To illustrate its superiority, the developed vehicle wheelbase measurement algorithm is compared with two other advanced vehicle geometry parameter identification algorithms and the results show that the developed algorithm outperforms the other two methods in terms of the degree of automation and accuracy.
Fabrication of magnetic α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure nanorods via the urea hydrolysis-calcination process and their biocompatibility with LO2 and HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhu Ziye , Ouyang Hezhong , Ling Chen , Ma Mingyi , Wang Jie , Yu Xiang , Li Yongjin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

β-FeOOH nanorods were prepared via the urea hydrolysis process with the average length of 289.1 nm and average diameter of 61.2 nm, while magnetic α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure nanorods were prepared via the urea calcination process with β-FeOOH nanorods as precursor, and the optimum conditions were the calcination temperature of 400 °C, the calcination time of 2 h, the β-FeOOH/urea mass ratio of 1:6. The average length, diameter, and the saturation magnetization of the heterostructure nanorods prepared under the optimum conditions were 328.8 nm, 63.4 nm and 42 emu·g−1, respectively. The Prussian blue test demonstrated that the heterostructure nanorods could be taken up by HepG2 cells, and cytotoxicity tests proved that the heterostructure nanorods had no significant effect on the viabilities of LO2 and HepG2 cells within 72 h in the range of 100–1600 μg·ml−1. Therefore, magnetic α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 heterostructure nanorods had better biocompatibility with LO2 and HepG2 cells.
Bi-Layer nanoimprinting lithography for metal-assisted chemical etching with application on silicon mold replication
Authors: Chen Wei-Shen , Lee Yung-Chun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper reports a new type of nanoimprinting method called Bi-layer nanoimprinting lithography (BL-NIL), which can work along with metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) for fabricating nanostructures on silicon. In contrast to conventional nanoimprinting techniques, BL-NIL adds an interposing layer between the imprinting resist layer and silicon substrate. After the standard imprinting process, dry etching was used to etch away the residual imprinting layer and part of the interposing layer. Finally, the remaining interposing layer was wet-etched using its remover. This innovative approach can ensure cleanliness at the metal/silicon interface after metal lift-off processes, and therefore guarantees the success of MaCE. By combining BL-NIL and MaCE, expensive silicon molds with sub-micrometer/nanometer-scale feature sizes can be easily replicated and preserved. This is important for the application of nanoimprinting technologies in industrial manufacturing.
Oxygen atom and ozone kinetics in the afterglow of a pulse-modulated DC discharge in pure O2: an experimental and modelling study of surface mechanisms and ozone vibrational kinetics
Authors: Booth J-P , Guaitella O , Zhang S , Lopaev D , Zyryanov S , Rakhimova T , Voloshin D , Chukalovsky A , Volynets A , Mankelevich Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chemical kinetics of oxygen atoms and ozone molecules were investigated in a fully-modulated DC discharge in pure oxygen gas in a borosilicate glass tube, using cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) of the optically forbidden O(3P2)→O(1D2) absorption at 630 nm. Measurements were made over a range of tube temperatures (10 °C and 50 °C) gas pressures (0.5–4 Torr) and discharge current (10–40 mA). The discharge current was square-wave modulated (on for 0.2 s and off for 1 s), allowing the build-up to steady-state and the decay in the afterglow to be studied. This paper focusses on the afterglow period. The O atom density decays non-exponentially in the afterglow, indicating a surface loss probability dependent on incident active particle fluxes. The oxygen atom absorption peak lies on a time-varying absorption continuum due (in the afterglow) to the Chappuis bands of ozone. The ozone density passes through a maximum a few 100 ms into the afterglow, then decays slowly. An existing time-resolved self-consistent 1D radial model of O2 positive column discharges was modified to interpret the new results. The ozone behaviour in the afterglow can only be modelled by the inclusion of: (1) surface production of O3 from the reaction of O2 molecules with adsorbed O atoms, (2) reactions of vibrationally-excited ozone with O atoms and with O2(a1Δg) molecules, and (3) surface loss of ozone with a probability of around 10−5.
The fastest generation of multipartite entanglement with natural interactions
Authors: Cieśliński Paweł , Kłobus Waldemar , Kurzyński Paweł , Paterek Tomasz , Laskowski Wiesław 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Natural interactions among multiple quantum objects are fundamentally composed of two-body terms only. In contradistinction, single global unitaries that generate highly entangled states typically arise from Hamiltonians that couple multiple individual subsystems simultaneously. Here, we study the time to produce strongly nonclassical multipartite correlations with a single unitary generated by the natural interactions. We restrict the symmetry of two-body interactions to match the symmetry of the target states and focus on the fastest generation of multipartite entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger, W, Dicke and absolutely maximally entangled states for up to seven qubits. These results are obtained by constraining the energy in the system and accordingly can be seen as state-dependent quantum speed limits for symmetry-adjusted natural interactions. They give rise to a counter-intuitive effect where the creation of particular entangled states with an increasing number of particles does not require more time. The methods used rely on extensive numerical simulations and analytical estimations.