bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new, feasible, and convenient method based on semantic segmentation and deep learning for hemoglobin monitoring
Authors: Hu Xiao-yan , Li Yu-jie , Shu Xin , Song Ai-lin , Liang Hao , Sun Yi-zhu , Wu Xian-feng , Li Yong-shuai , Tan Li-fang , Yang Zhi-yong , Yang Chun-yong , Xu Lin-quan , Chen Yu-wen , Yi Bin 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveNon-invasive methods for hemoglobin (Hb) monitoring can provide additional and relatively precise information between invasive measurements of Hb to help doctors' decision-making. We aimed to develop a new method for Hb monitoring based on mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 with eye images as input.MethodsSurgical patients from our center were enrolled. After image acquisition and pre-processing, the eye images, the manually selected palpebral conjunctiva, and features extracted, respectively, from the two kinds of images were used as inputs. A combination of feature engineering and regression, solely MobileNetV3, and a combination of mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 were applied for model development. The model's performance was evaluated using metrics such as R2, explained variance score (EVS), and mean absolute error (MAE).ResultsA total of 1,065 original images were analyzed. The model's performance based on the combination of mask R-CNN and MobileNetV3 using the eye images achieved an R2, EVS, and MAE of 0.503 (95% CI, 0.499–0.507), 0.518 (95% CI, 0.515–0.522) and 1.6 g/dL (95% CI, 1.6–1.6 g/dL), which was similar to that based on MobileNetV3 using the manually selected palpebral conjunctiva images (R2: 0.509, EVS:0.516, MAE:1.6 g/dL).ConclusionWe developed a new and automatic method for Hb monitoring to help medical staffs' decision-making with high efficiency, especially in cases of disaster rescue, casualty transport, and so on.
Mediating effect of gastrointestinal symptoms on dietary behavior and quality of life in Chinese adults with chronic gastritis—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Litong , Zhang Feng , Kuang Dan , Li Dan , Yan Jiai , Yang Ju , Wang Qinyue , Wang Yingyu , Sun Jing , Liu Yiran , Liu Ping , Xia Yanping , Cao Hong 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundChronic gastritis is accompanied by varying degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms, which affect people’s quality of life. The association between dietary behaviors and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with chronic gastritis has been proved recently. However, no studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary behaviors, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 176 patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis aged 18 to 65 years, comprising their information on demographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life, was collected. A descriptive analysis and a correlation matrix were used to illuminate the characteristics of the subjects and bivariate correlation, respectively. The mediation model was analyzed using the PROCESS macros for SPSS.ResultsDemographic characteristics were found to influence the symptoms, dietary behaviors, and quality of life of chronic gastritis patients; in particular, students categorized by occupation had higher levels of gastrointestinal symptoms and lower levels of quality of life and dietary behavior. The study variables were all pound related. We found that gastrointestinal symptoms played a partial mediating role between dietary behavior and both the physical components summary and mental components summary, and the ratios of mediating effects to the total effect on the physical components summary and mental components summary were 23.5% and 21.5%, respectively.ConclusionOur survey discovered that dietary behavior, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life were all pairwise related. The effect of dietary behavior on quality of life was partially mediated by gastrointestinal symptoms. These results may provide a novel perspective for medical staff in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic gastritis.
Enhanced probiotic potential of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens OSU-BDGOA1 through co-culture with Kluyveromyces marxianus bdgo-ym6
Authors: González-Orozco Brianda D. , Kosmerl Erica , Jiménez-Flores Rafael , Alvarez Valente B. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionDue to the increasing consumer demand for the development and improvement of functional foods containing probiotics, new probiotic candidates need to be explored as well as novel means to enhance their beneficial effects. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens OSU-BDGOA1 is a strain isolated from kefir grains that has demonstrated probiotic traits. This species is the main inhabitant of kefir grains and is responsible for the production of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) whit vast technological applications and potential bioactivities. Research has shown that interkingdom interactions of yeast and lactic acid bacteria can enhance metabolic activities and promote resistance to environmental stressors.MethodsComparative genomic analyses were performed to distinguish OSU-BDGOA1 from other strains of the same species, and the genome was mined to provide molecular evidence for relevant probiotic properties. We further assessed the cumulative effect on the probiotic properties of OSU-BDGOA1 and Kluyveromyces marxianus bdgo-ym6 yeast co-culture compared to monocultures.ResultsSurvival during simulated digestion assessed by the INFOGEST digestion model showed higher survival of OSU-BDGOA1 and bdgo-ym6 in co-culture. The adhesion to intestinal cells assessed with the Caco-2 intestinal cell model revealed enhanced adhesion of OSU-BDGOA1 in co-culture. The observed increase in survival during digestion could be associated with the increased production of EPS during the late exponential and early stationary phases of co-culture that, by enhancing co-aggregation between the yeast and the bacterium, protects the microorganisms from severe gastrointestinal conditions as observed by SEM images. Immune modulation and barrier function for recovery and prevention of flagellin-mediated inflammation by Salmonella Typhimurium heat-killed cells (HKSC) in Caco-2 cells were also measured. OSU-BDGOA1 in mono- and co-culture regulated inflammation through downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increased membrane barrier integrity assessed by TEER, FD4 permeability, and expression of tight junctions.DiscussionThe results of the study warrant further research into the application of co-cultures of yeast and LAB in functional probiotic products and the potential to increase EPS production by co-culture strategies.
Variation in the rate of recovery in motor function between the upper and lower limbs in patients with stroke: some proposed hypotheses and their implications for research and practice
Authors: Abdullahi Auwal , Wong Thomson W. L. , Ng Shamay S. M. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundStroke results in impairment of motor function of both the upper and lower limbs. However, although it is debatable, motor function of the lower limb is believed to recover faster than that of the upper limb. The aim of this paper is to propose some hypotheses to explain the reasons for that, and discuss their implications for research and practice.MethodWe searched PubMED, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and CENTRAL using the key words, stroke, cerebrovascular accident, upper extremity, lower extremity, and motor recovery for relevant literature.ResultThe search generated a total of 2,551 hits. However, out of this number, 51 duplicates were removed. Following review of the relevant literature, we proposed four hypotheses: natural instinct for walking hypothesis, bipedal locomotion hypothesis, central pattern generators (CPGs) hypothesis and role of spasticity hypothesis on the subject matter.ConclusionWe opine that, what may eventually account for the difference, is the frequency of use of the affected limb or intensity of the rehabilitation intervention. This is because, from the above hypotheses, the lower limb seems to be used more frequently. When limbs are used frequently, this will result in use-dependent plasticity and eventual recovery. Thus, rehabilitation techniques that involve high repetitive tasks practice such as robotic rehabilitation, Wii gaming and constraint induced movement therapy should be used during upper limb rehabilitation.
Menopausal transition in multiple sclerosis: relationship with disease activity and brain volume measurements
Authors: Lorefice Lorena , Fenu Giuseppe , Fronza Marzia , Murgia Federica , Frau Jessica , Coghe Giancarlo , Barracciu Maria Antonietta , Atzori Luigi , Angioni Stefano , Cocco Eleonora 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundRecent evidence has shown a significant association between menopause and multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. This study investigated the possible role of menopause in influencing MS from clinical and neuroradiological perspectives. Notably, the possible association between menopause and brain atrophy has been evaluated.Materials and methodsThis study included women with MS whose ages ranged from 45 to 55 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and the reproductive phase was defined as non-menopausal or menopausal based on the final menstrual period. Thus, MS activity over the past year was reported as the annualised relapse rate (ARR), and MRI activity (defined as new T2 lesions and/or the presence of gadolinium-enhancing lesions at the last MRI assessment in comparison with the MRI performed within the previous 12 months) were compared between non-menopausal women (non-MW) and menopausal women (MW). Volume measurements of the whole brain (WB), white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cortical GM were estimated using the SIENAX software, and the possible relationship with menopausal status was assessed by regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 147 women with MS. Eighty-four (57.1%) were MW, with a mean age of 48.5 ± 4.3 years at menopause onset and a mean duration of menopause of 4.1 ± 1.1 years. When compared for ARR, MW reported a lower rate than the non-MW (ARR of 0.29 ± 0.4 vs. 0.52 ± 0.5; p &lt; 0.01). MRI activity was observed in 13.1% of MW and 20.6% of non-MW (p = 0.03). Lower cortical GM volumes (578.1 ± 40.4 mL in MW vs. 596.9 ± 35.8 mL in non-MW; p &lt; 0.01) have also been reported. Finally, multivariate analysis showed a significant association of lower ARR (p = 0.001) and cortical GM volume (p = 0.002) with menopausal status after correction for chronological age and other variables.DiscussionMenopause may be an adverse prognostic factor of MS. Our preliminary results suggest that menopause may facilitate cortical GM atrophy, probably due to a decline in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen, with negative effects on MS evolution.
Associations of air pollution with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study based on 437,932 participants from the UK biobank
Authors: Yuan Shiqi , Huang Xiaxuan , Zhang Luming , Ling Yitong , Tan Shanyuan , Peng Min , Xu Anding , Lyu Jun 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo prospectively assess whether air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, and NOx, is associated with the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia, and to investigate the potential relationship between air pollution and genetic susceptibility in the development of AD.Methods and resultsOur study included 437,932 participants from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up period of over 10 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that participants exposed to PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 had a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia (HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05–1.28; p &lt; 0.05) compared to the group exposed to PM2.5 levels of &lt;10 μg/m3. However, there was no significant association between PM10 levels of ≥15 μg/m3 and the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, or vascular dementia when compared to the group exposed to PM10 levels of &lt;15 μg/m3. On the other hand, participants exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02–1.26; p &lt; 0.05) and AD (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08–1.48; p &lt; 0.05) compared to the group exposed to NOx levels of &lt;50 μg/m3. Furthermore, we examined the combined effect of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NOx) and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk score (AD-GRS) on the development of AD using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among participants with a high AD-GRS, those exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of AD compared to those in the group exposed to NOx levels of &lt;50 μg/m3 (HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03–1.18; p &lt; 0.05). Regardless of air pollutant levels (PM2.5, PM10, or NOx), participants with a high AD-GRS had a significantly increased risk of developing AD. Similar results were obtained when assessing multiple variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).ConclusionOur findings indicate that individuals living in areas with PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 or NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 are at a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia. Moreover, individuals with a high AD-GRS demonstrated an increased risk of developing AD, particularly in the presence of NOx ≥ 50 μg/m3.
Theranostics in breast cancer
Authors: Vorster M. , Hadebe B. P. , Sathekge M. M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionBreast cancer is a complex disease and constitutes the leading cause of cancer in women globally. Conventional treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy; all of these have their limitations and often result in significant side effects or toxicity. Targeted radionuclide therapy based on a theranostic approach has been successfully applied in several malignancies, such as prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and neuro-endocrine tumours. Several studies have also highlighted the potential of theranostic applications in breast cancer.AimThis review aims to provide an overview of the most promising current and future theranostic approaches in breast cancer.DiscussionThe discussion includes pre-clinical as well as clinical data on some of the most successful targets used to date. Examples of potential theranostic approaches include those targeting the Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, angiogenesis, aspects of the tumour microenvironment, Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR-4) expression. Several challenges to widespread clinical implementation remain, which include regulatory approval, access to the various radiopharmaceuticals and imaging technology, cost-effectiveness, and the absence of robust clinical data.ConclusionTheranostic approaches have the potential to greatly improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for patients with breast cancer. More research is needed to fully explore the potential of such approaches and to identify the best potential targets, considering feasibility, costs, efficacy, side effects and outcomes.
The effects of body dissatisfaction and depression levels on the dietary habits of university students in southern China during COVID-19
Authors: Wu Chunmei , Hao Ming , Liu Xuesheng , Yang Di , Liu Bang , Yan Wenjing , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease of 2019 has impacted people’s lives greatly. The spread of the pandemic has restricted many everyday social lives. Some studies have shown that strict risk control during the pandemic threatens people’s mental health and eating habits. University students vulnerable to mental health problems may have more prominent mental health and eating disorders during the pandemic. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between body dissatisfaction, depression, body mass index, and emotional eating among university students in the context of the pandemic in southern China. It provides a theoretical basis for developing future approaches to improve depression and emotional eating among university students.MethodsA total of 1,135 university students were recruited for the study. All participants completed anthropometric, body dissatisfaction, eating behavior, and depression level surveys.ResultsThe study finds that female students have higher levels of body dissatisfaction, depression, and emotional eating than male students. University students in the high body dissatisfaction group had higher levels of depression. Depression level (β = 0.33, p &lt; 0.01), body dissatisfaction (β = 0.22, p &lt; 0.01), sex (β = 0.16, p &lt; 0.01), and income (β = 0.06, p &lt; 0.01) were significant predictors of emotional eating. Fundamentally, this study highlights the impact of body dissatisfaction on depression and emotional eating.DiscussionThe potential to improve depression and emotional eating among university students by improving their levels of body dissatisfaction was demonstrated.
Efficacy and safety of different insulin infusion methods in the treatment of total parenteral nutrition-associated hyperglycemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Lu , Zhang Dan , Zhao Ying , Zhou Nan , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2023

AimsTo systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different insulin infusion methods in the treatment of total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-associated hyperglycemia based on published literature and the data of completed clinical trials using a network meta-analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases (Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and SINOMED) up to December 15, 2022, was performed to collect information on different insulin infusion methods used for the treatment of TPN-associated hyperglycemia, and the Cochrane systematic review method was used to screen the literature, evaluate the quality of the included literature, and extract clinical characteristics for a network meta-analysis. Clinical outcomes included mean blood glucose (MBG), hypoglycemia, hospital length of stay, hyperglycemia, surgical site infection (SSI) and mean total daily insulin.ResultsA total of 21 articles, including 1,459 patients, were included to analyze 6 different routes of insulin infusion, including continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CVII), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), subcutaneous glargine insulin (s.c. GI), the addition of regular insulin to the PN mixture (RI-in-PN), multiple subcutaneous insulin injections (MSII) and 50% of insulin administered as RI-in-PN + 50% of insulin administered as s.c. GI (50% RI-in-PN + 50% s.c. GI). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that MSII was the least effective in terms of MBG, followed by CVII. The 6 interventions were basically equivalent in terms of the hypoglycemia incidence. In terms of the length of hospital stay, patients in the CVII group had the shortest hospital stay, while the MSII group had the longest. CVII was the best intervention in reducing the incidence of hyperglycemia. The incidence of SSI was the lowest in the CSII and CVII groups, and the mean daily insulin dosage was the lowest in the CVII group.ConclusionCurrent literature shows that for the treatment of TPN-associated hyperglycemia, CVII is the most effective, reducing the incidence of hyperglycemia and shortening the length of hospital stay without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia. MSII has the worst efficacy, leading to a higher MBG and longer hospital stay, and RI-in-PN, CSII, s.c. GI and 50% RI-in-PN + 50% s.c. GI are better in terms of efficacy and safety and can be substituted for each other.
Systematic Review Registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier
CRD42023439290.
Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and its mmetabolites in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Wang Yanan , Ni Zaizhong , Li Jinting , Shao Ying , Yong Yidan , Lv Wendi , Zhang Simeng , Fu Tingwei , Chen Anhui 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe polysaccharides found in Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) have received increasing academic attention owing to their wide variety of therapeutic activities.MethodsThis study evaluated the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides from C. cicadae (CH-P). In addition, 16s rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to estimate the changes and regulatory relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to verify the therapeutic effects of microbial remodeling.ResultsThe results showed that CH-P treatment displayed hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated tissue damage induced by diabetes. The CH-P treatment significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, Mucispirillum, and significantly decreased the abundance of Helicobacter and Lactobacillus compared to the diabetic group. The alterations in the metabolic pathways were mostly related to amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways (particularly those involving tryptophan) according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Correlation analysis showed that Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, and Mucispirillum were positively correlated with indole and its derivatives, such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Indole intervention significantly improved hyperglycemic symptoms and insulin sensitivity, and increased the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetic mice. FMT reduced blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. However, FMT did not significantly improve GLP-1 levels.DiscussionThis indicates that C. cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating the production of metabolites other than indole and its derivatives by gut microbiota. This study provides an important reference for the development of novel natural products.