bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic long‐term monitoring of transcorneal electrical stimulation in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Zabek Olga Maria , Meral Nesrin , Zuche Hanna Camenzind , Müller Ursula , Prétot Dominique , Rickmann Annekatrin , Scholl Hendrik Peter Nicolas , Volpe Waizel Maria della 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) is a new therapeutical approach for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). With progression of RP, degeneration of photoreceptors results in lower oxygen consumption of the retina. Retinal oximetry (RO) is a noninvasive method to analyse oxygen saturation in retinal vessels and has shown promising short‐term results as a therapy monitoring tool for TES. The aim of our study was to measure the long‐term effects of TES on RO parameters over a period of 3 years (3Y).Methods: A total of 18 eyes of 9 subjects (5♀ 4♂) suffering from RP were examined at baseline (BL), 6 months, and 3Y of TES (OkuStim®) treatment. TES was performed for 30 min once a week at 200% of the individual phosphene threshold simultaneously on both eyes. The oxygen saturation was examined at BL and following TES therapy with the oxygen saturation tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The global oxygen saturation parameters (in %), within 1.0–1.5 optic‐disc diameters from the disc margin, in retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) were measured and their difference (A‐V SO2) was calculated. In addition, we recorded the diameters in the main arterioles (D‐A) and venules (D‐V). ANOVA‐based linear mixed‐effects models were employed for statistical analysis using SPSS®.Results: After 3Y of TES treatment both the mean A‐SO2 (from 96.35 ± 12.76% to 100.89 ± 5.87%, p = 0.22) and V‐SO2 (from 62.20 ± 11.55% to 64.55 ± 8.24%, p = 0.77) increased slightly. The A‐V SO2, which corresponds to the oxygen consumption of the retina, presented also with a slight increment from 34.15 ± 9.68% at BL to 36.23 ± 7.71% without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.27). TES also did not appear to alter the vascular diameter parameters, D‐A and D‐V (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Our long‐term observations indicate that TES therapy in RP might lead to a slight increment in oxygen consumption of the retina. However, a larger cohort and longer duration may be needed to adequately power a follow‐up study and to confirm this trend reflecting a possible benefit of TES for RP.
Comparison of three types of scleral fixation of intraocular lens
Authors: Byun Zeeyoon , Kong Mingui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of three different surgical methods of scleral fixation of intraocular lens (IOL); Conventional Ab‐externo sutured scleral fixation, modified Yamane sutureless fixation and Four‐point scleral fixation.Methods: This was a single referral center, one surgeon, retrospective study. Main outcome measures included best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). To find out how much astigmatism purely occurred by surgery, excluding the effect of corneal astigmatism, SIA was calculated at 1 year after surgery. Clinical outcomes were compared before and 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups after the operation.Results: Total 75 eyes underwent scleral fixation of IOL: 22 eyes in the 4‐point fixation, 30 eyes in the modified Yamane and 23 eyes in the conventional sutured group. From 1 month after surgery, mean BCVA recovered significantly faster in the order of 4‐point, modified Yamane and conventional groups (0.12 ± 0.11 vs. 0.25 ± 0.21 vs. 0.34 ± 0.25 logMAR, p = 0.004), also showed the same tendency in cylindrical error values (−1.15 ± 0.77 vs. −1.54 ± 0.94 vs. −2.06 ± 1.56 diopter, p = 0.031). The modified Yamane group had the shortest operation time and the conventional group was the longest (7.25 ± 1.22 vs. 18.44 ± 4.05 vs. 25.19 ± 6.26 min, p < 0.001). In terms of SIA, 4‐point fixation caused significantly less astigmatism (1.13 ± 0.59 vs. 1.67 ± 1.02 vs. 2.43 ± 1.42 diopter, p = 0.001).Conclusions: 4‐point fixation technique showed the strengths of faster vision recovery, less cylindrical error and lower SIA values. The modified Yamane group had the shortest operation time attributed to the relatively simple procedure, however, has a weakness with the higher complication rate of IOL malposition, which might require reoperation. Both techniques have each pros and cons, but provide more favourable clinical outcomes than the conventional sutured fixation.
The cleavage of Gasdermin E is the rate limiting step in the secretion of IL‐1β in RPE cells with non‐functional cellular clearance
Authors: Ranta‐Aho Sofia , Hytti Maria , Toppila Maija , Bhattarai Niina , Kaarniranta Kai , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Since RPE cells has important regulatory role in retinal inflammation, we examined the secretion kinetics of proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1b.Methods: IL‐1β production and release from IL‐1a‐primed (4 ng/ml) ARPE‐19 cells was induced by inhibiting proteasomal clearance and autophagy using MG‐132 (5 μM) and Bafilomycin A1 (BafA; 50 nM), respectively. Medium samples and cell lysates were collected from the beginning of BafA exposure and continued for 24 h in 6 h intervals. IL‐1β levels were measured using the ELISA technique. The cleavage of pore forming gasdermin E was detected using the western blot method.Results: In the lysate samples, active IL‐1β levels were highest right after the BafA exposure. After 12 h, IL‐1β levels in lysates had fallen to only 54.6% of the maximal concentration. The cleavage of gasdermin E and the secretion of IL‐1β increased concurrently.Conclusions: In contrast to classical immunological cells, the secretion of IL‐1β from human RPE cells is a slow process. IL‐1β is secreted trough gasdermin E pores. Our data suggest that the secretion phase is the rate limiting step.
Age‐related changes in mesopic macular light sensitivity in healthy eyes
Authors: Moreira‐Estebaranz Carolina , Remis‐Gonzalez Melisa , Cedrun‐Sanchez Juan , Puell María 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Advanced age and certain ocular pathologies are known to influence mesopic light sensitivity (MLS), but it is still unclear to what extent age can predict MLS in healthy subjects and whether there are age groups whose MLS is homogeneous. The aim was to analyse the effect of age on MLS in healthy subjects without ocular pathology.Methods: This is an observational and cross‐sectional study in 154 healthy subjects aged between 20 and 80 years (mean 43.6 ± 17.9 years) and good visual acuity. The MLS was measured with macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimetry at the central 10° diameter circle. MLSs at the central subfield (1° radius) and four regions (temporal, nasal, superior, inferior) of the parafoveal ring (3°–5° radius of eccentricity) were registered. The influence of age on the total mean MLS was analysed using a polynomial regression. One‐way Anova was used to compare mean MLS in each decade of age. As a result, participants were divided into three age groups (young 20–39 years, middle‐aged 40–59, and older 60–79) based on their homogenous MLS. Comparisons of MLS across age groups were performed.Results: The increase in age correlated with a decrease in the total mean MLS (r = −0.67; p = < 0.001). Mean total MLS decreased by 2.56 dB between the oldest and youngest age groups (p < 0.01). Means for MLS in the macular central subfield and in each region of the parafoveal ring (superior, temporal, nasal, inferior and overall) were significantly different in the three age groups (all (p < 0.001), with the highest sensitivities for the youngest group and the lowest for the elderly. There were not significant differences in mean MLS (total, central subfield and parafoveal regions) for men and women in each of the three age groups.Conclusions: Age predicts mean macular MLS measured by microperimetry. MLS was homogeneous in the young, middle‐aged and older age groups, being higher in young subjects and decreasing significantly every two decades of age.
Resveratrol nanoparticles are neuroprotective in a model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shamsher Ehtesham , Guo Li , Davis Benjamin , Luong Vy , Ravindran Nivedita , Somavarapu Satyanarayana , Cordeiro Francesca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major cause of dementia in the world with increasing evidences of the retina being affected. Since no cure exists, there is an urgent unmet need to find new treatments. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in red wine, has been advocated as a potential neuroprotectant in this disease. However, resveratrol has a low solubility and bioavailability limiting its clinical translation. In this study, we assessed a novel formulation of resveratrol in vitro and in vivo in a triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (3xTg‐AD) mouse model.Methods: Resveratrol nanoparticles (RNs) were formulated using a thin rehydration technique. They were assessed in vitro on R28 cells against glutamate excitotoxicity and cobalt chloride induced hypoxia. Next, 3xTg‐AD mice received intranasally either RNs (n = 7) or an equivalent vehicle (n = 6) 5 days a week for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, animals were imaged using Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells (DARC). DARC count was defined as the number of fluorescent spots counted by a masked investigator. After sacrifice, their brains were harvested and immunostained for amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau). Retinas were immunostained with Brn3a, a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) marker.Results: RN formulation incorporating over 10 mg/ml resveratrol was stable over 90 days. RNs were able to protect R28 cells exposed to glutamate compared to the vehicle (IC50 25.1 ± 0.4 vs. 14.4 ± 1.0 mM, p < 0.0001) but did not show any neuroprotection against cobalt chloride compared to the vehicle (260.3 ± 16.5 vs. 200.7 ± 2 2.3 μM, p > 0.05). In vivo, DARC count was reduced with RN treatment compared to the vehicle (7.7 ± 2.1 vs. 49.1 ± 13.3, p < 0.01). However, these results did not correlate with a higher RGC density compared to the vehicle (1205 ± 203 vs. 1015 ± 100 cells/mm2, p > 0.05). Interestingly, Aβ and pTau depositions in the brain were reduced compared to the vehicle (3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.2 Aβ score, p < 0.01 and 2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 6.6 ± 1.9 pTau score, p < 0.05). No adverse effects were seen in vivo either systemically or in the eye.Conclusions: These promising results show that RN is non‐toxic and neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo when administered intranasally. However, DARC imaging failed to show a correlation with RGC density. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
A systematic literature review of disease progression in RPGR‐associated X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Li Nan , Hashim Mahmoud , Scholl Hendrik , Lam Byron 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess disease progression qualitatively and quantitatively in RPGR‐associated X‐linked retinitis pigmentosa (RPGR‐XLRP).Methods: PubMed was used to identify relevant studies (01/2000–09/2021). Search terms included RP, XLRP, history, progress, disease state, health state, and burden. Included studies focused on RPGR‐XLRP (ie, results specific to RPGR or RP studies with ≥80% of patients with RPGR variants). Endpoints of interest included changes in visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), and ellipsoid zone width (EZW), progression to legal blindness, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).Results: Of 1325 studies captured by search criteria (including those examining XLRP [n = 17], RP [127], and both XLRP and RP [6]), 11 met inclusion criteria for assessment of RPGR‐XLRP disease progression. In those with RPGR‐XLRP, data suggest progressive decline in VA, VF, and EZW. Annual changes in VA were equivocal, with two studies reporting positive or minimal change in best‐corrected VA (BCVA; +2%, −0.07%) and two studies reporting VA decline (−3.5 to −5.3%, −8.2%). Annual declines in VF, measured via Goldmann or Humphrey perimetry, were observed across studies (range, −4.5, −9.0%; n = 4 studies). EZW, measured via Heidelberg Spectralis OCT, became constricted over time (n = 5 studies); 2 studies showed an 8%–9% annual exponential rate of decline. In two studies, patients reached VA‐based legal blindness (BCVA <20/400 in the better seeing eye or <6/60) by median ages of 48 and 51.3 years; in another study, 18% reached blindness (BCVA <20/400) by age 40. PRO data in this patient population were limited.Conclusions: Published evidence shows that those with RPGR‐XLRP experience significant progressive decline in VA, VF, and EZW, eventually resulting in blindness. There is a need for more standardized longitudinal data and expanded collection of PROs to better assess visual decline in RPGR‐XLRP.
MFSD2a, the transporter of the omega‐3 fatty acid DHA, is expressed in the neural retina
Authors: Pastor María José Ruiz , Albertos‐Arranz Henar , Sanchez Saez Xavier , Maneu Victoria , Lax Pedro , Cuenca Nicolas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The omega‐3 fatty acid, DHA, is enriched in the outer disk and synapse membranes, and it exerts an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effect in the neuron cells. Animal models and patients with retinal dystrophies were reported to have reduced levels of DHA in the retina, so different nutraceuticals were designed for these patients. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how DHA is cached and distributed in the retina. MFSD2a was reported as the putative transporter of omega‐3, but its expression was only described in the endothelial cells. In this study, we assessed the expression of MFSD2a in the different cell populations of the neural retina.Methods: The expression of MFSD2a was studied by immunofluorescence in cryostat sections of the retina from healthy human donors. Double immunolabelling with different cell markers was used to study MFSD2a expression in the different retinal cell populations. Cone arrestin was used for the identification of cone photoreceptor cells. Parvalbumin is a cell marker for all horizontal cells. The transcription factors Chx10 and Pax6 were used for the identification of bipolar and amacrine cells, respectively. KDEL, an endoplasmic retention signal peptide, was used for the visualization of ganglion cells. Müller cells and RPE are positive for CRALBP.Results: We found that MFSD2a was expressed in the outer nuclear layer as well as in the inner segments of the photoreceptor cells. Outer segments showed weak or negative immunostaining. Immunoreactivity with anti‐MFSD2a was also detected in the inner nuclear layer. Double immunostaining with parvalbumin and the transcriptional factors Chx10 and Pax6 confirmed that all populations of horizontal, bipolar, and amacrine cells, respectively, expressed the omega‐3 transporter. Also, ganglion cells expressed MFSD2a. In the double immunolabelling with anti‐MFSD2a and anti‐CRALBP, Müller cells showed punctae of immunolabelling in the tips of the external limiting membrane. Although, RPE did not seem to express MFSD2a.Conclusions: MFSD2a is expressed by the neural cells of the retina. Photoreceptor cells, Müller cells, and all populations of bipolar, amacrine, horizontal, and ganglion cells expressed the transporter of the omega‐3 fatty acid, DHA.
Intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation with the aid of a femtosecond laser in cases of mild to moderate keratoconus: A 3‐year study
Authors: Spanos Evangelos , Atzamoglou Spiros , Kontadakis Georgios , Kontomichos Loukas , Mpatsos Georgios , Paroikakis Eustratios , Peponis Vasileios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the 3‐year results of femtosecond assisted intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation for the treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus.Methods: Prospective case series including 4 eyes of 4 consecutive patients with keratoconus.Each patient was implanted with ICRSs according to the preoperative topography and refraction. The segments were implanted in intracorneal pocket created with the FS200 femtosecond laser. Planning of the operation was done based on the nomograms provided by the manufacturer. Patients' follow‐up involved visual acuity measurement, refraction control, clinical examination, corneal topography (Pentacam and Orbscan) and anterior segment OCT. The operation was performed due to patients' unsatisfying spectacle corrected visual acuity and contact lens intolerance.Results: Preoperative average steep keratometry was reduced from 53,3D (range 50.7–55.7D) to 48.6D (range 46.9‐50D) 3 years postoperatively. Preoperative average topographic astigmatism was 5.35D (range 4.2–7.9D) while postoperative was 2.7D (range 0.7–4.3D). Refraction assessment showed reduction of the refractive astigmatism from 3.5D (range 2.0–5.0D) to 2,5D (range 0.5–3.75D) and improvement of spherical equivalent from −5.0D (range − 4.0 to −7.25D) preoperatively to −2.5D (range −1.25 to −3.25D) 3 years postoperatively. Average pre‐op spectacle corrected visual acuity was 4/10, when post‐op visual acuity assessment on Snellen scale showed average improvement by 2 lines (range from 0 to 5 lines).Conclusions: The femtosecond assisted ICRS implantation based on the results of our study, improved all patients' visual acuity, topographic and refractive parameters 3 years postoperatively.
Choroidal vascularity index: An emerging useful metric for choroidal structure assessment in pachychoroid spectrum disease
Authors: Sassi Hela , Abid Yosra , Meriem Ouederni , Nouri Slim , Cheour Monia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare choroidal vascularity index (CVI) between eyes with different entities of pachychoroid spectrum diseases (PSD) and a control group.Methods: Eighty‐two eyes of 45 patients with PSD were included in our study. Fifteen eyes had uncomplicated pachychoroid (UCP), 27 eyes had pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), 32 eyes had central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and 8 had pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). These eyes were compared to 67 eyes of 34 age‐matched healthy controls. All eyes underwent DRI‐OCT Triton Swept‐Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). B‐scan images were binarized into blood vessels lumen and stroma using ImageJ software. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of luminal area (LA) to total choroidal area in a subfoveal region of 1500 μm width.Results: Mean CVI in patients with PSD was 64.45 ± 2.74%. A statistically significant difference was found between the PSD patients group and the control group (p < 0.001) with a higher CVI in PSD eyes. Pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between PPE/PNV groups (p < 0.05), PPE/control groups (p < 0.001), CRSC/control groups (p < 0.05) and CRSC/PPE groups (p = 0.05). The comparison between UCP/control groups, UCP/PPE groups, UCP/CRSC groups, UCP/PNV groups, PNV/control groups and PNV/CRSC groups showed no significant difference.Conclusions: Increased CVI may reflect choroidal vascular structure changes in eyes with PSD. These findings suggest that the CVI could be useful for evaluating choroidal vascular changes in eyes with PSD and predicting a potential progression form PPE to CRSC or PNV.
Incidence and prevalence of paediatric noninfectious uveitis in South Korea
Authors: Kim Bo Hee , Chang In Beom , Lee So Young , Oh Baek‐Lok , Hong In Hwan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the nationwide incidence and prevalence of paediatric uveitis in South Korea according to period, age, anatomic type, and systemic associations.Methods: This nationwide population‐based cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002 to 2018. This study included patients with noninfectious uveitis with at least three claims of diagnostic codes of uveitis on separate days with at least once claim of prescription codes of steroid and immunosuppressive agents. All the cases were classified as anterior or non‐anterior uveitis, and the incidence and prevalence were estimated by age, sex, period, and systemic associations.Results: A total of 10 862 616 patients over 128 688 078 person‐years were evaluated from 2005 to 2016. Overall, 5368 cases of anterior uveitis and 604 cases of non‐anterior uveitis were identified. The incidence and prevalence of paediatric noninfectious uveitis were 4.64 per 100 000 person‐years and 8.25 per 100 000 persons. Both the incidence and prevalence increased with age. Anterior uveitis accounted for 84.7% of prevalent cases (6.99 per 100 000 persons). Cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)‐associated uveitis accounted for 8.7% of paediatric noninfectious uveitis cases with a prevalence of 0.72 per 100 000. The proportion of systemic associations was higher and JIA‐related uveitis accounted for 11.2% of recurrent or chronic cases with a prevalence of 0.62 per 100 000.Conclusions: This is the first population‐based study investigating the largest population of paediatric patients with uveitis in Korea. The nationwide incidence and prevalence in 2005–2016 were 4.64 per 100 000 person‐years and 8.25 per 100 000, respectively. The proportion of JIA in paediatric noninfectious uveitis was 8.7%. These population‐based study findings provide a better understanding of the public health burden and aid in the planning of health‐care strategies for paediatric patients with uveitis.
Precision and agreement of individual and simultaneous volumetric measurements with optical coherence tomography in healthy and glaucoma subjects
Authors: Venkataraman Abinaya , Hedström Johan , Al‐Soboh Loujain , Dominguez‐Vicent Alberto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess the repeatability of individual and combined macula and optic disc volumetric analysis, and the agreement between both scan modes with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma and healthy control eyes.Methods: 27 subjects with a previous diagnosis of glaucoma were included. The control group included 34 healthy subjects older than 50 years. Volumetric measurements of the macula and optic disc were performed with a spectral domain OCT. Two different scan protocols (individual and combined) were performed in each participant, and each scan mode was repeated three times. The retinal and ganglion cell complex thickness were analysed in nine and eight sectors respectively. The peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness was analysed in 12 clock sectors from the optic disc area. The repeatability limit (Rlim) and agreement analysis were performed for each sector analysis.Results: For the retinal thickness, the differences in the Rlim between both scan modes was lower than 5 μm. The differences in the Rlim between the control and glaucoma groups were lower than 3 μm. The limits of agreement interval were lower than 20 μm for each population group. The ganglion cell complex measurements showed larger repeatability values for the combined scans for each group, and the limits of agreement intervals were lower than 13 μm. The differences in the Rlim between the control and glaucoma groups were lower than 3 μm. For the pRNFL thickness, the differences in the Rlim between both scan modes were lower than 10 μm. The control group showed lower repeatability values than the glaucoma group except on sectors 2 and 3. For both population groups, the horizontal sectors showed shorter limit of agreement intervals than the vertical sectors.Conclusions: Similar repeatability values were obtained between both scan modes in each population group. Both scan modes cannot be used interchangeable due to the wide limits of agreement.