bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion, social capital and poverty in Ghana: Correlations and explanations
Authors: Ababio Abraham Gyamfi , Osei‐Fosu Anthony K. , Dramani John Bosco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReligion is a key source of social capital for poverty reduction. This study used nationally representative data from households (N = 16,772) in Ghana to determine the association between religious affiliation and the incidence of poverty. Descriptive statistics, multilevel mixed‐effect logistic model and nearest neighbour matching estimator were used to analyse the data. We found that relative to the unaffiliated, except affiliation with Other Christian and Other religions, affiliation with Catholic, Protestant, Pentecostal/Charismatic, Islam and Ahmadiyya is negatively associated with the incidence of absolute poverty. In urban areas, relative to those who belong to no religion, except affiliation with Other religions, affiliation with all the major religious denomination is negatively associated with the incidence of absolute poverty. The study also found that, compared to all other denominations, affiliation with Ahmadiyya and Catholic is positively associated with the incidence of poverty in Ghana. We concluded that in Ghana, religious affiliation reduces the odds of falling into poverty for those who live in urban areas, although some religious norms and values could expose households to poverty. The study recommends that the introduction of faith tax on religious denominations and conditional transfer programmes could help maximize the effect of religious affiliation on poverty reduction in Ghana.
Purification and single crystallization of glass‐cladding GaSb core fiber using 532 nm laser‐driven thermal gradients
Authors: Liu Bingjun , Han Bin , Yan Na , Sun Min , Tang Guowu , Huang Hao , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSingle‐crystal core multimaterial fibers have a wide range of applications in optics. Though some multimaterial fibers with single‐element crystal cores have been manufactured successfully, the preparation of binary and multielement crystals is limited by segregation or stoichiometry deviation during the thermal drawing and recrystallization process. This paper presents a new method, several times recrystallization by laser, to solve the crystal segregation problem of binary or multielement crystal core multimaterial fibers.
Luminescence enhancement of Mn4+‐activated double‐perovskite phosphors for LEDs through a co‐replacement strategy
Authors: Cao Qianwen , Li Liang , Xie Jing , Feng Yuan , Wang Wenming , Pan Yan , Wei Xiantao , Li Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhosphors doped with Mn4+ ions have strong emission in the red and far‐red light regions and are therefore used as red phosphors for indoor plant cultivation light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and white LEDs (w‐LEDs). This paper introduces La2Mg(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O6: Mn4+ (Mg2La3TaO9: Mn4+) red phosphors prepared by conventional high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The broad excitation band of Mg2La3TaO9: Mn4+ phosphor is effectively excited by ultraviolet and blue light in the range of 250–600 nm, with the emission of 707 nm centered on far‐red light. The phosphor has a high color purity of 99.07% and an internal quantum efficiency of 59.87%. To further enhance the performance of the phosphor, a cation substitution method was adopted in this paper to synthesize La2Mg(Al1/2Ta1/2)O6: Mn4+ phosphor by replacing [1/3Mg2+–2/3Ta5+] in La2Mg(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O6: Mn4+ with [1/2Al3+–1/2Ta5+]. The luminescence intensity and thermal stability of the samples were enhanced. The emission spectrum of the Mg2La3TaO9: Mn4+ samples matched well with the phytochrome PFR (phytochrome that absorbs far‐red light) and is suitable for the preparation of LEDs for indoor plant cultivation. The concentration quenching effect of the samples was investigated, the main mechanism of which is the electric dipole–dipole interaction. Red LEDs and w‐LEDs devices were prepared with the synthesized phosphors that produce light stably at different currents. The w‐LEDs have a correlated color temperature of 5310 K and a color rendering index of 80.1. Therefore, these samples are expected to be used as red components for w‐LEDs.
NDUFV1 attenuates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury by improving mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Li Lu , Zhang Lingling , Cao Yingjie , Chen Xu , Gong Haifeng , Ma Yidan , Gui Yuanyuan , Xiang Tianya , Liu Jianxing , Huang Xinzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImpaired mitochondrial function and dysregulated energy metabolism have been shown to be involved in the pathological progression of kidney diseases such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy. Hence, improving mitochondrial function is a promising strategy for treating renal dysfunction. NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (NDUFV1) is an important subunit of mitochondrial complex I. In the present study, we found that NDUFV1 was reduced in kidneys of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice. Meanwhile, renal I/R induced kidney dysfunction as evidenced by increases in BUN and serum creatinine, severe injury of proximal renal tubules, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. All these detrimental outcomes were attenuated by increased expression of NDUFV1 in kidneys. Moreover, knockdown of Ndufv1 aggravated cell insults induced by H2O2 in TCMK‐1 cells, which further confirmed the renoprotective roles of NDUFV1. Mechanistically, NDUFV1 improved the integrity and function of mitochondria, leading to reduced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Overall, our data indicate that NDUFV1 has an ability to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in AKI, suggesting therapies by targeting mitochondria are useful approaches for dealing with mitochondrial dysfunction associated renal diseases such as AKI.
Anthropogenic noise does not strengthen multiple‐predator effects in a freshwater invasive fish
Authors: Rojas Emilie , Prosnier Loïc , Pradeau Aurélie , Boyer Nicolas , Médoc Vincent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic noise has the potential to alter community dynamics by modifying the strength of nested ecological interactions such as predation. Direct effects of noise onper capitapredation rates have received much attention but the context in which predation occurs is often oversimplified. For instance, many animals interact with conspecifics while foraging and these nontrophic interactions can positively or negatively influenceper capitapredation rates. These effects are often referred to as multiple‐predator effects (MPEs). The extent to which noise can modulate MPEs and thereby indirectly alterper capitapredation remains unknown. To address this question, we derived the relationship betweenper capitapredation rate and prey density, namely the functional response (FR), of single and pairs of the invasive topmouth gudgeonPseudorasbora parvawhen feeding on water fleas under two noise conditions: control ambient noise estimated at 95 dB re 1 μPa and ambient noise supplemented with motorboat sounds whose relative importance over ambient noise ranged from 4.81 to 27 dB. In addition, we used video recordings to track fish movements. To detect MPEs, we compared the observed group‐level FRs to predicted group‐level FRs inferred from the individual FRs and based on additive effects only. Regardless of the number of fish and the noise condition, the FR was always of type II, showing predation rate in a decelerating rise to an upper asymptote. Compared to the noiseless condition, the predation rate of single fish exposed to noise did not differ at high prey densities but was significantly lower at low prey densities, resulting in an FR with the same asymptote but a less steep initial slope. Noise also reduced fish mobility, which might explain the decrease in predation rate at low prey densities. Conspecific presence suppressed the individual response to noise, the FRs of two fish (observed group‐level FRs) being perfectly similar between the two noise conditions. Although observed and predicted group‐level FRs did not differ significantly, observed group‐level FRs tended to fall in the low range of predicted group‐level FRs, suggesting antagonism and a negative effect of nontrophic interactions on individual foraging performance. Interestingly, the difference between predicted and observed group‐level FRs was not greater with noise, which means that noise did not strengthen MPEs. Our results show that when considering the social context of foraging, here through the presence of a conspecific, anthropogenic noise does not compromise foraging in the invasiveP. parva.
Depression in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Celso , Fonseca César , Ferreira Rogério , Weidner Anna , Morgado Bruno , Lopes Manuel J. , Moritz Steffen , Jelinek Lena , Schneider Brooke C. , Pinho Lara G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDepression affected 5.7% of people aged 60 years and over prior to the pandemic and has increased by approximately 28%. The aim of this study is to identify and describe factors associated with depressive symptoms, the diagnostic assessment instruments and interventions used to evaluate and treat depression in adults aged 60 years and older since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsFour electronic databases were systematically searched to identify eligible studies published since the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A total of 832 articles were screened, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria.ResultsFactors contributing to depressive symptoms in older adults prior to the pandemic were grouped into the following categories: sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., being female); loneliness and weak social support; limitations in daily functioning, physical activity and neurocognitive impairment; and clinical factors. The following groups of factors directly related to the pandemic were found: stress‐related factors and feelings or worries related to the pandemic; information access (e.g., receiving news about COVID‐19 through the media); factors directly related to COVID‐19 (e.g., having infected acquaintances); and factors related to the measures that were taken to reduce the spread of COVID‐19 (e.g., confinement measures). The most frequently used instrument to assess depressive symptoms was the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS‐SF). Four studies implemented interventions during the pandemic that led to significant reductions in depressive symptoms and feelings of loneliness.ConclusionsImproved understanding of pandemic‐associated risk factors for depression can inform person‐cantered care. It is important continued mental healthcare for depression for older adults throughout crises, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Remote delivery of mental healthcare represents an important alternative during such times. It is crucial to address depression in older adults (which often causes disability), since the pandemic situation has increased depressive symptoms in this population.
Book Review: Posttraumatic Epilepsy: Basic and Clinical Aspects (Jonak, Peterson and Binder; Academic Press, 2023)
Authors: Semple Bridgette D. , Reid Christopher A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPost‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common form of epilepsy affecting a significant proportion of people who sustain a brain injury. The complex pathophysiological mechanisms that drive the process of epileptogenesis after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) are incompletely understood. A new book entitled ‘Posttraumatic Epilepsy: Basic and Clinical Aspects’ by Jonak and colleagues provides an introduction into to the topic of PTE, starting from a historical perspective and extending through to our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms, and evaluation of the most promising therapeutic candidates. Here, we review the book highlighting strengths and suggesting a few areas of potential improvements. We conclude that the book provides an excellent read for scientists and clinicians entering the PTE field.
A workflow for the creation of photorealistic 3D cadaveric models using photogrammetry
Authors: Titmus Morgan , Whittaker Gary , Radunski Milo , Ellery Paul , IR de Oliveira Beatriz , Radley Hannah , Helmholz Petra , Sun Zhonghua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) representations of anatomical specimens are increasingly used as learning resources. Photogrammetry is a well‐established technique that can be used to generate 3D models and has only been recently applied to produce visualisations of cadaveric specimens. This study has developed a semi‐standardised photogrammetry workflow to produce photorealistic models of human specimens. Eight specimens, each with unique anatomical characteristics, were successfully digitised into interactive 3D models using the described workflow and the strengths and limitations of the technique are described. Various tissue types were reconstructed with apparent preservation of geometry and texture which visually resembled the original specimen. Using this workflow, an institution could digitise their existing cadaveric resources, facilitating the delivery of novel educational experiences.
‘I'm still a woman’: A qualitative study on sexuality in heterosexual women with Turner Syndrome
Authors: Granero‐Molina José , Román Rocío Aguirre , del Mar Jiménez‐Lasserrotte María , Ruiz‐Fernández María Dolores , Ventura‐Miranda María Isabel , Granero‐Heredia Gonzalo , Fernández‐Medina Isabel María 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAim and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe and understand how heterosexual women with Turner Syndrome experience sexuality.BackgroundTurner Syndrome is a genetic condition that is the result of one of the X chromosomes missing or partially missing, and it affects women of all ages. Turner Syndrome may lead to psychological, relational and sex life disorders.DesignThis is a qualitative study, and the COREQ checklist was employed to report on the current study.MethodsThe study was conducted in a region of southern Spain. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit 18 women, aged 22–51 years, who had been diagnosed with Turner Syndrome. Participants' experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews between January and May 2021. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsThree main themes and eight sub‐themes emerge from the data analysis: (1) Sexuality linked to corporeality, with the sub‐themes: ‘Discovering that your body is different’, ‘Social stigma limits one's sex life’ and ‘Fear of penetration surpresses sexual desire’. (2) Adapting one's sexuality to Turner Syndrome, with the sub‐themes: ‘Feeling like a woman’ and ‘Suffering from and adapting to comorbidities’. (3) When infertility overshadows sexuality, with the sub‐themes: ‘Prolonging childhood by ignoring sexuality’, ‘Fertility treatment: always a possibility’ and ‘Lack of specialised professional knowledge’.ConclusionHeterosexual women with Turner Syndrome suffer from sexual problems, delayed diagnosis and treatment, and lack of information. Unawareness and relational problems may also lead to scarce and late sexual relations, jealousy and a fear of being left. The women with Turner Syndrome refer to little self‐exploration or masturbation as well as a fear of penetration.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the experiences of sexuality in heterosexual women with Turner Syndrome is a challenge for clinical nurses, who could provide quality care to these women in contextualised services.
Hormone replacement therapy and cancer risks in perimenopausal women: A retrospective cohort study using a Japanese claims database
Authors: Inayama Yoshihide , Mizuno Kayoko , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Takeuchi Masato , Egawa Miho , Mandai Masaki , Kawakami Koji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimHormone replacement therapy (HRT) relieves menopausal syndromes but concerns regarding certain cancer risks remain. This study aimed to investigate cancer risks in perimenopausal women using HRT.MethodsUsing a health care database in Japan, we compared breast cancer and other cancer risks in perimenopausal women who started HRT between January 2011 and October 2021 at age 45–54 years with that of women who did not use HRT. Women in the control group were selected by 1:4 exact matching on birth year, and followed from the same index time as their counterparts.ResultsData from 12 207 women in the exposure group and 48 828 age‐matched women in the control group were analyzed. The median HRT duration was 16.1 (interquartile range, 9.9–28.0) months. Breast cancer risk was lower in the HRT group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–0.82). When stratified by age, breast cancer risk was lower in the HRT group who started HRT at age 45–49 years (adjusted HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40–0.72). Estrogen‐major HRT accounted for approximately one‐third of HRT and uterine corpus cancer risk was increased in estrogen‐major HRT (adjusted HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.56–3.81).ConclusionsBreast cancer risk in women starting HRT between 45 and 49 years is lower than that in the average population; this finding might be susceptible to unmeasured factors such as early menopause among HRT recipients. Unopposed estrogen therapy accounts for considerable proportion of HRT in Japan and it increases uterine corpus cancer.
Adolescents’ interactive electronic device use, sleep and mental health: a systematic review of prospective studies
Authors: Dibben Grace O. , Martin Anne , Shore Colin B. , Johnstone Avril , McMellon Christina , Palmer Victoria , Pugmire Juliana , Riddell Julie , Skivington Kathryn , Wells Valerie , McDaid Lisa , Simpson Sharon A. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOptimal sleep, both in terms of duration and quality, is important for adolescent health. However, young people's sleeping habits have worsened over recent years. Access to and use of interactive electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, portable gaming devices) and social media have become deep‐rooted elements of adolescents’ lives and are associated with poor sleep. Additionally, there is evidence of increases in poor mental health and well‐being disorders in adolescents; further linked to poor sleep. This review aimed to summarise the longitudinal and experimental evidence of the impact of device use on adolescents’ sleep and subsequent mental health. Nine electronic bibliographical databases were searched for this narrative systematic review in October 2022. Of 5779 identified unique records, 28 studies were selected for inclusion. A total of 26 studies examined the direct link between device use and sleep outcomes, and four reported the indirect link between device use and mental health, with sleep as a mediator. The methodological quality of the studies was generally poor. Results demonstrated that adverse implications of device use (i.e., overuse, problematic use, telepressure, and cyber‐victimisation) impacted sleep quality and duration; however, relationships with other types of device use were unclear. A small but consistent body of evidence showed sleep mediates the relationship between device use and mental health and well‐being in adolescents. Increasing our understanding of the complexities of device use, sleep, and mental health in adolescents are important contributions to the development of future interventions and guidelines to prevent or increase resilience to cyber‐bullying and ensure adequate sleep.
Electroencephalographic evaluation under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals for investigation of epilepsy
Authors: Vinardell Tatiana , Elestwani Sami , Jamieson Camilla , Karim Ejaz , Robin Matthew , Glynn Sarah , Benini Ruba , Aleman Monica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundA standardized protocol for electroencephalography (EEG) under standing sedation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals is needed.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate a modified standardized EEG protocol under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals.AnimalsNineteen foals (controls, 9; juvenile idiopathic epilepsy [JIE], 10).MethodsDescriptive clinical study. Foals were classified as controls or epileptic based on history or witnessed seizures and neurological examination. Foals were sedated using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.08 mg/kg to avoid stress associated with injectable sedation. Once foals appeared sedated with their heads low to the ground and with wide base stance (30 minutes), topical lidocaine hydrochloride was applied at the determined locations of EEG electrodes. Fifteen minutes were allowed for absorption and electrodes were placed, protected, and EEG recording performed.ResultsLevel of sedation was considered excellent with no need of redosing. The EEG recording lasted from 27 to 51 minutes and provided interpretable data. Epileptic discharges (ED) were noted predominantly in the central‐parietal region in 9 of 10 epileptic foals. Photic stimulation triggered ED in 7 of 10 epileptic foals and in none of the controls. Foals were not oversedated and recovered uneventfully.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSublingual detomidine hydrochloride is a safe, painless, simple, and effective method of sedation for EEG recording in foals. Sublingual sedation allowed the investigation of cerebral electrical activity during states of sleep and arousal, and during photic stimulation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals.
Habitat mosaic as a driver of the resilience of native species: The case of the assemblage of small mammals from the city of Franceville, Gabon
Authors: Mangombi‐Pambou J. B. , Fossati‐Gaschignard O. , N'Dilimabaka N. , Banga Mve‐Ella O. , Longo Pendy N. M. , Dibakou S. E. , Mediannikov O. , Fenollar F. , Leroy E. , Bourgarel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRodents (Rodentia) are the most abundant and diverse order of mammals, present in all habitats, including urban areas. The traffic linked to globalisation has favoured their involvement in biological invasions that have an impact on local biodiversity, the economy and human health. In Franceville, Gabon, little is known about the rodent community. We therefore studied the composition and distribution of rodents along a gradient highlighting the heterogeneity of the city's landscape. The three habitat types studied showed no difference in small mammal abundance, while the diversity index was higher in the vegetated habitat (SDI = 0.73) compared to the outdoor (SDI = 0.71) and indoor (SDI = 0.45) habitats. Our work shows the importance of vegetal remnants in the city for the maintenance of native species. It also highlights the impact of introduced species on small mammal assemblages and the need for management to reduce the factors of their proliferation.