bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intermediate-field Fast Radio Burst Model and the Quasi-periodic Oscillation
Authors: Wang Jie-Shuang , Li Xinyu , Dai Zigao , Wu Xuefeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) signals are discovered in some fast radio bursts (FRBs) such as FRB 20191221A, as well as in the X-ray burst associated with the galactic FRB from SGR 1935+2154. We revisit the intermediate-field FRB model where the radio waves are generated as fast-magnetosonic waves through magnetic reconnection near the light cylinder. The current sheet in the magnetar wind is compressed by a low frequency pulse emitted from the inner magnetosphere to trigger magnetic reconnection. By incorporating the wave dynamics of the magnetosphere, we demonstrate how the FRB frequency, the single pulse width, and luminosity are determined by the period, magnetic field, QPO frequency and quake energetics of the magnetar. We find that this model can naturally and self-consistently interpret the X-ray/radio event from SGR 1935+2154 and the QPO in FRB 20191221A. It can also explain the observed wide energy range of repeating FRBs in a narrow bandwidth.
EEG-based detection of modality-specific visual and auditory sensory processing
Authors: Massaeli Faghihe , Bagheri Mohammad , Power Sarah D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. A passive brain–computer interface (pBCI) is a system that enhances a human–machine interaction by monitoring the mental state of the user and, based on this implicit information, making appropriate modifications to the interaction. Key to the development of such a system is the ability to reliably detect the mental state of interest via neural signals. Many different mental states have been investigated, including fatigue, attention and various emotions, however one of the most commonly studied states is mental workload, i.e. the amount of attentional resources required to perform a task. The emphasis of mental workload studies to date has been almost exclusively on detecting and predicting the ‘level’ of cognitive resources required (e.g. high vs. low), but we argue that having information regarding the specific ‘type’ of resources (e.g. visual or auditory) would allow the pBCI to apply more suitable adaption techniques than would be possible knowing just the overall workload level. Approach. 15 participants performed carefully designed visual and auditory tasks while electroencephalography (EEG) data was recorded. The tasks were designed to be as similar as possible to one another except for the type of attentional resources required. The tasks were performed at two different levels of demand. Using traditional machine learning algorithms, we investigated, firstly, if EEG can be used to distinguish between auditory and visual processing tasks and, secondly, what effect level of sensory processing demand has on the ability to distinguish between auditory and visual processing tasks. Main results. The results show that at the high level of demand, the auditory vs. visual processing tasks could be distinguished with an accuracy of 77.1% on average. However, in the low demand condition in this experiment, the tasks were not classified with an accuracy exceeding chance. Significance. These results support the feasibility of developing a pBCI for detecting not only the level, but also the type, of attentional resources being required of the user at a given time. Further research is required to determine if there is a threshold of demand under which the type of sensory processing cannot be detected, but even if that is the case, these results are still promising since it is the high end of demand that is of most concern in safety critical scenarios. Such a BCI could help improve safety in high risk occupations by initiating the most effective and efficient possible adaptation strategies when high workload conditions are detected.
Status and recent extensions of the Caribou DAQ system for picosecond timing with an FPGA TDC
Authors: Buschmann E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Caribou is a flexible open-source DAQ system developed and used within several collaborative frameworks (CERN EP R&D, RD50, AIDAinnova) for laboratory and high-rate beam tests and easy integration of new silicon-pixel detector prototypes. It uses common hardware, firmware and software components that are shared across different projects, thereby reducing the development effort and cost for such readout systems significantly. This contribution introduces the FASTPIX, APTS and DPTS detectors recently integrated in Caribou and their requirements in terms of waveform sampling and timing of digital pulses. A Time-to-Digital-Converter implemented in the Caribou FPGA was developed to overcome the limitations of the previously used oscilloscope-based readout. It allows for precision timing over large time spans required for the Time-of-Arrival, Time-over-Threshold, and position encoding used in the FASTPIX and DPTS test chips with asynchronous digital readout. A time resolution after calibration of better than 10 ps is achieved.
Bandgap reference, temperature sensor and low drop-out regulator circuits monolithic sensors in TPSCo 65 nm ISC technology
Authors: Yelkenci A. , Qui S. , Rossewij M.J. , Grelli A. , Gajanana D. , Gromov V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With Inner Tracking System v3 (ITS3), the ALICE experiment is pursuing a wafer-scale Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS). The chip is being developed in TPSCo 65 nm ISC technology which is under study in the framework of CERN EP R&D on monolithic sensors for High Energy Physics (HEP) applications. This contribution presents designs and measurement results of building blocks needed for this chip, in particular bandgap references and temperature sensors. In addition, simulation results of the design of Low Drop-out Regulator (LDO) to be submitted for the next prototyping run will be discussed.
Sector logic development for the ATLAS Level-0 muon trigger at HL-LHC
Authors: Mitsumori Y. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The design of the Sector Logic (SL) for the ATLAS Level-0 muon trigger at the HL-LHC and the milestones achieved on the hardware and firmware developments are presented. The SL board includes an XCVU13P FPGA, FireFly transceivers, an IPMC mezzanine card developed by CERN, and a Mercury XU5 MPSoC mezzanine card. The first prototype of the SL board was produced, and all its functions have been verified. Fast tracking using Thin-Gap Chamber (TGC) hits, a core part of the Level-0 muon trigger for the endcap regions, has been developed for the full TGC detector coverage and the performance was confirmed with post-synthesis simulations. The processing of the TGC hits from ∼7000 channels has been demonstrated with a XCVU13P FPGA within ∼100 ns.
Commissioning and running experience with the CMS GE1/1 system
Authors: Pétré L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The CMS GE1/1 system was installed in October 2020 as part of the CMS endcap muon system upgrades for the high-luminosity LHC. Since then, GE1/1 has been commissioned, and it is now participating in the CMS data taking of the LHC Run 3. The 144 GE1/1 detectors are read-out by the VFAT3 chip, which communicates with the µTCA backend through the versatile link. Each detector is equipped with 24 VFAT3, 3 GBTx, 3 VTRx, 2 VTTx, and a Virtex-6 FPGA. In this contribution, we present the commissioning and the running experience acquired over 2 years of operations with the CMS GE1/1 system. The electronics performance results are presented with an emphasis on the main issues encountered and how they have been addressed. We also briefly discuss the status of the future GE2/1 and ME0 GEM stations.
Safeguards equipment for the spent nuclear fuel of pressurized heavy water reactors
Authors: Kim Y. , Lim K. , Kwag S. , Chung H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the implementation of newly developed safeguards equipment for the spent nuclear fuel of heavy water reactors stored in a wet interim storage facility. The developed equipment compensates for imperfections in the existing equipment including the optical fiber probe system (OFPS) and improves the performance and user convenience. Specifically, the lithium glass scintillator currently used in the current OFPS was changed to a plastic scintillator with efficient and cost-effective detectors, and the probe design for the radiation measurements was also changed to facilitate replacement of the scintillator. In addition, the manual cable loading method, which is an obstacle method for implementing safeguards, was designed to be automatically loaded onto a drum-shaped structure using a motor. All analog systems such as radiation signal processing systems and cable loading systems that used to run along all the equipment were digitally replaced so that all operations could be done with display panels. Through these efforts, the new equipment resulted in improved performance and enhanced user convenience. The replacement of the scintillators and probes improved the performance by about 10 times, and the new equipment design reduced the number and weight of the parts to less than half that of the existing equipment. The performance of the newly developed equipment was verified so that it can be used as new IAEA safety equipment, and it is expected to have a major role in implementing safeguards for spent nuclear fuel through its registration as IAEA inspection equipment.
SEU injection framework for radiation-tolerant ASICs, a formal verification approach
Authors: Lupi M. , Pulli A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Single Event Upsets (SEUs) represent a major challenge for digital electronics operated in a radiation environment. Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) is one of the most popular approaches to increase digital electronics resilience to SEUs. Simulation is the most used approach for verifying the correct triplication of the designs. This contribution describes a novel approach for verifying the triplication. A formal verification tool is used, removing the need for a complete functional verification framework for the SEU injections in the design. The approach allows finding bugs earlier in the design phase hence reducing the development and debug time.
Uncompensated claims to fair emission space risk putting Paris Agreement goals out of reach
Authors: Ganti Gaurav , Gidden Matthew J , Smith Christopher J , Fyson Claire , Nauels Alexander , Riahi Keywan , Schleußner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Addressing questions of equitable contributions to emission reductions is important to facilitate ambitious global action on climate change within the ambit of the Paris Agreement. Several large developing regions with low historical contributions to global warming have a strong moral claim to a large proportion of the remaining carbon budget (RCB). However, this claim needs to be assessed in a context where the RCB consistent with the long-term temperature goal (LTTG) of the Paris Agreement is rapidly diminishing. Here we assess the potential tension between the moral claim to the remaining carbon space by large developing regions with low per capita emissions, and the collective obligation to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. Based on scenarios underlying the IPCC’s 6th Assessment Report, we construct a suite of scenarios that combine the following elements: (a) two quantifications of a moral claim to the remaining carbon space by South Asia, and Africa, (b) a ‘highest possible emission reduction’ effort by developed regions (DRs), and (c) a corresponding range for other developing regions (ODR). We find that even the best effort by DRs cannot compensate for a unilateral claim to the remaining carbon space by South Asia and Africa. This would put the LTTG firmly out of reach unless ODRs cede their moral claim to emissions space and, like DRs, pursue highest possible emission reductions, which would also constitute an inequitable outcome. Furthermore, regions such as Latin America would need to provide large-scale negative emissions with potential risks and negative side effects. Our findings raise important questions of perspectives on equity in the context of the Paris Agreement including on the critical importance of climate finance. A failure to provide adequate levels of financial support to compensate large developing regions to emit less than their moral claim will put the Paris Agreement at risk.
A drift-kinetic perturbed Lagrangian for low-frequency nonideal MHD applications
Authors: XU Guosheng , WU Xingquan , HU Youjun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We find that the perturbed Lagrangian derived from the drift-kinetic equation in [Porcelli F et al 1994 Phys. Plasmas
1 470] is inconsistent with the ordering for the low-frequency large-scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). Here, we rederive the expression for the perturbed Lagrangian within the framework of nonideal MHD using the ordering system for the low-frequency large-scale MHD in a low-beta plasma. The obtained perturbed Lagrangian is consistent with Chen’s gyrokinetic theory [Chen L and Zonca F 2016 Rev. Mod. Phys.
88 015008], where the terms related to the field curvature and gradient are small quantities of higher order and thus negligible. As the perturbed Lagrangian has been widely used in the literature to calculate the plasma nonadiabatic response in low-frequency MHD applications, this finding may have a significant impact on the understanding of the kinetic driving and dissipative mechanisms of MHD instabilities and the plasma response to electromagnetic perturbations in fusion plasmas.
Quasi-direct numerical simulations of the flow characteristics of a thermal plasma reactor with counterflow jet
Authors: ZHOU Xu , CHEN Xianhui , YE Taohong , ZHU Minming , XIA Weidong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Three-dimensional quasi-direct numerical simulations have been performed to investigate a thermal plasma reactor with a counterflow jet. The effects of the momentum flux ratio and distance between the counterflow jet and the thermal plasma jet on the flow characteristics are addressed. The numerical results show that the dimensionless location of the stagnation layer is significantly affected by the momentum flux ratio, but it is not dependent on the distance. Specifically, the stagnation layer is closer to the plasma torch outlet with the increase of the momentum flux ratio. Furthermore, the flow regimes of the stagnation layer and the flow characteristics of the thermal plasma jet are closely related to the momentum flux ratio. The characteristic frequencies associated with the different regimes are identified. The deflecting oscillation flow regimes are found when the momentum flux ratio is low, which provokes axial velocity fluctuations inside the thermal plasma jet. By contrast, for cases with a high momentum flux ratio, flapping flow regimes are distinguished. The thermal plasma jets are very stable and the axial velocity fluctuations mainly exist in the stagnation layer.
Modeling seasonal vegetation phenology from hydroclimatic drivers for contrasting plant functional groups within drylands of the Southwestern USA
Authors: Warter Maria Magdalena , Singer Michael Bliss , Cuthbert Mark O , Roberts Dar , Caylor Kelly K , Sabathier Romy , Stella John 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In dryland ecosystems, vegetation within different plant functional groups exhibits distinct seasonal phenologies that are affected by the prevailing hydroclimatic forcing. The seasonal variability of precipitation, atmospheric evaporative demand, and streamflow influences root-zone water availability to plants in water-limited environments. Increasing interannual variations in climate forcing of the local water balance and uncertainty regarding climate change projections have raised the potential for phenological shifts and changes to vegetation dynamics. This poses significant risks to plant functional types across large areas, especially in drylands and within riparian ecosystems. Due to the complex interactions between climate, water availability, and seasonal plant water use, the timing and amplitude of phenological responses to specific hydroclimate forcing cannot be determined a priori, thus limiting efforts to dynamically predict vegetation greenness under future climate change. Here, we analyze two decades (1994–2021) of remote sensing data (soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)) as well as contemporaneous hydroclimate data (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, depth to groundwater, and air temperature), to identify and quantify the key hydroclimatic controls on the timing and amplitude of seasonal greenness. We focus on key phenological events across four different plant functional groups occupying distinct locations and rooting depths in dryland SE Arizona: semi-arid grasses and shrubs, xeric riparian terrace and hydric riparian floodplain trees. We find that key phenological events such as spring and summer greenness peaks in grass and shrubs are strongly driven by contributions from antecedent spring and monsoonal precipitation, respectively. Meanwhile seasonal canopy greenness in floodplain and terrace vegetation showed strong response to groundwater depth as well as antecedent available precipitation (aaP = P − PET) throughout reaches of perennial and intermediate streamflow permanence. The timings of spring green-up and autumn senescence were driven by seasonal changes in air temperature for all plant functional groups. Based on these findings, we develop and test a simple, empirical phenology model, that predicts the timing and amplitude of greenness based on hydroclimate forcing. We demonstrate the feasibility of the model by exploring simple, plausible climate change scenarios, which may inform our understanding of phenological shifts in dryland plant communities and may ultimately improve our predictive capability of investigating and predicting climate-phenology interactions in the future.
Robust Designs for Prospective Randomized Trials Surveying Sensitive Topics
Authors: Rosenman Evan T R , Friedberg Rina , Baiocchi Mike 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of designing a prospective randomized trial in which the outcome data will be self-reported and will involve sensitive topics. Our interest is in how a researcher can adequately power her study when some respondents misreport the binary outcome of interest. To correct the power calculations, we first obtain expressions for the bias and variance induced by misreporting. We model the problem by assuming each individual in our study is a member of one “reporting class”: a true-reporter, false-reporter, never-reporter, or always-reporter. We show that the joint distribution of reporting classes and “response classes” (characterizing individuals’ response to the treatment) will exactly define the error terms for our causal estimate. We propose a novel procedure for determining adequate sample sizes under the worst-case power corresponding to a given level of misreporting. Our problem is motivated by prior experience implementing a randomized controlled trial of a sexual-violence prevention program among adolescent girls in Kenya.
Does Scarpa's Fascia Preservation in Abdominoplasty Reduce Seroma? A Systematic Review
Authors: van der Sluis Nanouk , van Dongen Joris A , Caris Fleur L S , Wehrens Kim M E , Carrara Marco , van der Lei Berend 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Abdominoplasty is a widely utilized cosmetic surgery procedure. Despite its popularity, seroma formation remains a prevalent complication. Seroma can lead to extended recovery time, increased medical appointments, and the potential for infection or the need for additional surgical revision. Preserving Scarpa’s fascia may mitigate the risk of seroma in patients following abdominoplasty. The goal of this systematic review was to determine the impact of preserving Scarpa's fascia on the occurrence of seroma and total drain output following an abdominoplasty procedure. This review searched academic literature in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (OvidSP), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for clinical and observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals, from March 2022 to November 2022, that evaluated the impact of preserving Scarpa's fascia on postoperative seroma and total drain output during abdominoplasty. The primary outcomes of interest were seroma and total drain output, with secondary outcomes of interest including hematoma, time to drain removal, length of hospital stay, wound dehiscence, and infection rate. The systematic review of 8 studies, involving 846 patients, found that the preservation of Scarpa's fascia during an abdominoplasty procedure was associated with decreased seroma occurrence, reduced drain output, faster drain removal, and fewer infections. However, it did not affect the incidence of hematoma, hospital stay duration, or wound dehiscence. The preservation of Scarpa's fascia during an abdominoplasty procedure should be considered as a routine practice, because it has been shown to result in reduced seroma incidence rates and faster drain removal.

Level of Evidence: 4
Evolution in Helianthemum oelandicum (Cistaceae) – evidence of Holocene differentiation in morphology on the Baltic island of Öland, south-eastern Sweden
Authors: Widén Björn , Soubani Eman , Hedrén Mikael , Löfgren Oskar , Widén Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We use Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. oelandicum as a model for studies of mechanisms shaping the diversity in a rapidly radiating lineage of the H. oelandicum aggregate. Locally, correlations between drainage conditions (using GIS to measure variation in the micro-topography on the more or less horizontal bedrock) and frequency of alleles of Mendelian genes for pubescence indicated that hairs are markers of adaptation to the unique environmental conditions (drought and periodic flooding) on the alvar habitats of Öland. An allozyme study showed that 1 and 4% of the genetic diversity is partitioned among two varieties and natural populations, respectively. FST for hair alleles was up to ten time greater than FST for allozymes. Öland rose above sea level after the LGM, which makes it possible to date the onset of the post-glacial diversification on the island. Only two, mainly allopatric, plastid DNA haplotypes were detected, H1 and H2. The southern Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. oelandicum var. canescens has only H1, whereas the more widespread var. oelandicum possesses both haplotypes. A restricted occurrence of haplotype H1 in the core area of var. oelandicum in the central Öland, coincided with the highest elevation on the island, probably representing the post-glacial arrival of the species on the island.