bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black cohosh extracts in women with menopausal symptoms: an updated pairwise meta-analysis
Authors: Sadahiro Ryoichi , Matsuoka Lillian Nohara , Zeng Bing-Syuan , Chen Keng-Hsu , Zeng Bing-Yan , Wang Hung-Yu , Chu Che-Sheng , Stubbs Brendon , Su Kuan-Pin , Tu Yu-Kang , Wu Yi-Cheng , Lin Pao-Yen , Chen Tien-Yu , Chen Yen-Wen , Suen Mein-Woei , Hopwood Malcolm , Yang Wei-Cheng , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Cheng Yu-Shian , Shiue Yow-Ling , Hung Chao-Ming , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Tseng Ping-Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Menopausal symptoms are common in midlife women and have broad impacts on their daily functioning and quality of life. Black cohosh extracts have been widely used to relieve menopausal symptoms. However, the comparative benefits of different combined black cohosh regimens remain inconclusive. The aim of the current updated meta-analysis is to address the comparative efficacies of different black cohosh regimens in improving menopausal symptoms.

Methods
Random-effect model pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to investigate the treatment effect on menopausal symptoms by the black cohosh extract both alone or combined with other related active ingredients. The outcomes studied were changes in menopausal symptoms after treatment with black cohosh extracts in menopausal women.

Results
Twenty-two articles including information on 2,310 menopausal women were included in the analyses. Black cohosh extracts were associated with significant improvements in overall menopausal symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.575, 95% CI = 0.283 to 0.867, P < 0.001), as well as in hot flashes (Hedges’ g = 0.315, 95% CIs = 0.107 to 0.524, P = 0.003), and somatic symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.418, 95% CI = 0.165 to 0.670, P = 0.001), compared with placebo. However, black cohosh did not significantly improve anxiety (Hedges’ g = 0.194, 95% CI = −0.296 to 0.684, P = 0.438) or depressive symptoms (Hedges’ g = 0.406, 95% CI = −0.121 to 0.932, P = 0.131). The dropout rate for black cohosh products was similar to that for placebo (odds ratio = 0.911, 95% CI = 0.660 to 1.256, P = 0.568).

Conclusions
This study provides updated evidence regarding the potentially beneficial effects of black cohosh extracts for relieving menopausal symptoms in menopausal women.
Radiation Exposure from the Patient Perspective: An Argument for the Inclusion of Dose History
Authors: Hamilton Matthew , Kendall Edward 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Patients in diagnostic imaging departments often ask about the risk of injury from x radiation. They are referred to wall posters or consent forms that declare (rightly) that the risk of harm from the proposed exam is very small and is far outweighed by the benefit. If a comparative risk value is provided, most likely it is based on a single exposure and derived from population estimates of cancer incidence and mortality. But is that information the most relevant for the patient? In a recent position statement, the AAPM recommends that only current exam risk should be considered, and that risk is independent of previous exams. We argue that if an exam carries risk of a negative event, the likelihood that a negative event occurred over all events increases with the number of exams. This cumulative risk, though still very small, must be a relevant consideration for health management.
Health Phys. 000(0):000-000; 2023
Changes in Anxiety and Depression Over the First Year of COVID-19 Pandemic in Philadelphia, PA
Authors: Burstyn Igor , Huynh Tran 
Published: May 2023

Objective
We investigated the change in anxiety and depression in a general population cohort over the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in relation to work characteristics and mental health support.

Methods
We administered questionnaires to a convenience sample in Greater Philadelphia, in summer of 2020 and a year later. With more than 60% response rate, 461 people had repeated measurements.

Results
Anxiety declined but depression increased in the cohort after a year of COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived increase in support from family and trade unions, stable employment, and professional mental health support were protective. Depression scores worsened mostly in healthcare, higher education, and manufacturing industries.

Conclusions
We observed that while anxiety dissipated over the first year of COVID-19 pandemic, depression worsened, perhaps more so in some industries and where mental health support faltered over time.
Prognostic factors for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion-reperfusion: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Zhi-Xin , Lin Jianguo , Han Yunfei , Li Shizhan , Li Yongkun , Cai Qiankun , Dai Yingyi 
Published: May 2023

Background:
This study aimed to analyze the long-term prognostic factors in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) patients treated with endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods:
This study was performed using the acute posterior circulation ischemic stroke registry database from 21 stroke centers in 18 cities in China and retrospectively included consecutive patients aged 18 years or older with an acute, symptomatic, radiologically confirmed VBAO who were treated with EVT between December 2015 and December 2018. Favorable clinical outcomes were evaluated by machine-learning methods. A clinical signature was constructed in the training cohort using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and was validated in the validation cohort.

Results:
From 28 potential factors, 7 variables were independent prognostic factors and were included in the model: Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (M) (odds ratio [OR]: 2.900; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.566-5.370), age (A) (OR, 0.977; 95% CI: 0.961, 0.993), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (N) (13-27 vs. ≤12: OR, 0.491; 95% CI: 0.275, 0.876; ≥28 vs. ≤12: OR, 0.148; 95% CI: 0.076, 0.289), atrial fibrillation (A) (OR, 2.383; 95% CI: 1.444, 3.933), Glasgow Coma Scale (G) (OR, 2.339; 95% CI: 1.383, 3.957), endovascular stent-retriever thrombectomy (E) (stent-retriever vs. aspiration: OR, 0.375; 95% CI: 0.156, 0.902), and estimated time of onset of the occlusion to groin puncture (Time) (OR, 0.950; 95% CI: 0.909, 0.993) (abbreviated as MANAGE Time). In the internal validation set, this model was well calibrated with good discrimination [C-index (95% CI) = 0.790 (0.755-0.826)]. A calculator based on the model can be found online (http://ody-wong.shinyapps.io/1yearFCO/).

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that optimizing for EVT, along with specific risk stratification, may improve long-term prognosis. However, a larger prospective study is needed to confirm the findings.
Safety of SGLT2i with regard to bone and mineral metabolism in patients with CKD
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D. , Patorno Elisabetta , Paik Julie M. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a relatively new class of oral glucose-lowering agents that reduce adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence suggests that SGLT2i may also affect bone and mineral metabolism. This review analyzes recent evidence on the safety of SGLT2i with respect to bone and mineral metabolism in people with CKD, and discusses potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.

Recent findings
Recent studies have documented the beneficial effects of SGLT2i on cardiovascular and renal outcomes among individuals with CKD. SGLT2i may alter renal tubular phosphate reabsorption and are associated with increased serum concentrations of phosphate, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), parathyroid hormone (PTH), decreased 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, as well as increased bone turnover. Clinical trials have not demonstrated an increased risk of bone fracture associated with SGLT2i use among patients with CKD with or without diabetes mellitus.

Summary
Although SGLT2i are associated with abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism, they have not been linked to a higher risk of fracture among patients with CKD. More research is needed on the association between SGLT2i and fracture risk in this population.
Oral Viscous Budesonide in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis After Repaired Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Tambucci Renato , Roversi Marco , Rea Francesca , Malamisura Monica , Angelino Giulia , Biondi Isabella , Simeoli Raffaele , Goffredo Bianca Maria , Francalanci Paola , Simonetti Alessandra , Livadiotti Susanna , Corsetti Tiziana , Dall’Oglio Luigi , Rossi Paolo , Pontrelli Giuseppe , De Angelis Paola 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
A high prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been reported in children with repaired esophageal atresia (EA). Topical steroids proved to be an effective and safe therapy in EoE, although not approved in pediatrics. We report the results of the first clinical trial of oral viscous budesonide (OVB) performed in children with EoE after repaired esophageal atresia (EoE-EA).

Methods:
This open-label, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial with randomized pharmacokinetic sampling, was conducted at the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital between September 2019 and June 2021. EoE-EA patients received an age-banded dose of OVB twice daily for 12 weeks and were endoscopically evaluated. The primary endpoint was the rate of patients achieving histological remission. Secondary endpoints included clinical and endoscopic benefit after treatment, and safety assessments.

Results:
Eight consecutive EA-EoE patients were enrolled (median age 9.1 years, interquartile range 5.5). Of these, 5 received 0.8 mg and 3 received 1.0 mg twice daily of OVB. Histological remission was obtained in all but 1 patient (87.5%). The clinical score showed significant improvement at the end of treatment in all patients. No endoscopic features of EoE were found after treatment. No treatment-emergent adverse event occurred.

Conclusion:
OVB is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated formulation of budesonide for use in pediatric patients with EoE-EA.
An atypical presentation of mpox transmitted between transgender males through oral sex
Authors: Wick Jenna M. , Pelliccione Alex , Lee-Rodriguez Christian , Tran H Nicole , McCleskey Patrick E. , Nichol Aran , Skarbinski Jacek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current multi-country outbreak of mpox in 2022 is the first occurrence of widespread transmission in non-endemic countries. Prior cases in the United States involved exposure through foreign travel or direct contact with infected rodents. Reports of the current outbreak have predominately described spread through sexual encounters between cis-gender men who have sex with men. We report a unique case of mpox in which the transmission occurred through oral sex between two transgender men, with a short incubation period and progressive asynchronous emergence of lesions. Continued analysis of transmission routes and awareness will improve timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
Atypical Presentation Delays Treatment of Pediatric Testicular Torsion
Authors: Moran George W. , Wang Connie N. , Chung Rainjade , Movassaghi Miyad , Carpenter Christina P. , Finkelstein Julia B. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to identify patient- and care-related factors associated with time to treatment for acute testicular torsion and the likelihood of testicular loss.

Methods
Data were retrospectively collected for patients 18 years and younger who had surgery for acute testicular torsion between April 1, 2005, and September 1, 2021. Atypical symptoms and history were defined as having abdominal, leg, or flank pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, local trauma, or not having testicular pain. The primary outcome was testicular loss. The primary process measure was time from emergency department (ED) triage to surgery.

Results
One hundred eleven patients were included in descriptive analysis. The rate of testicular loss was 35%. Forty-one percent of all patients reported atypical symptoms or history. Eighty-four patients had adequate data to calculate time from symptom onset to surgery and time from triage to surgery and were included in analyses of factors affecting risk of testicular loss. Sixty-eight patients had adequate data to evaluate all care-related time points and were included in analyses to determine factors affecting time from ED triage to surgery. On multivariable regression analyses, increased risk of testicular loss was associated with younger age and longer time from symptom onset to ED triage, while longer time from triage to surgery was associated with reporting atypical symptoms or history.
The most frequently reported atypical symptom was abdominal pain, in 26% of patients. These patients were more likely to have nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal tenderness but equally likely to report testicular pain and swelling and have testicular findings on examination.

Conclusions
Patients presenting to the ED with acute testicular torsion reporting atypical symptoms or history experience slower transit from arrival in the ED to operative management and may be at greater risk of testicular loss. Increased awareness of atypical presentations of pediatric acute testicular torsion may improve time to treatment.
Updates in Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Xu Mina L. , Hasserjian Robert P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome includes a broad range of myeloid neoplasms characterized by cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. Recently, 2 new classification systems emerged to further define how these diseases are diagnosed and risk stratified. This review compares these models, provides detailed approaches, and reveals practical ways to move forward in clinical practice of myelodysplastic syndrome diagnosis.
Supportive Care for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Stempel Jessica M. , Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Dosani Talib 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, progressive cytopenias, and an innate capability of progressing to acute myeloid leukemia. The most common causes of morbidity and mortality are complications related to myelodysplastic syndromes rather than progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Although supportive care measures are applicable to all patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, they are especially essential in patients with lower-risk disease who have a better prognosis compared with their higher-risk counterparts and require longer-term monitoring of disease and treatment-related complications. In this review, we will address the most frequent complications and supportive care interventions used in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, including transfusion support, management of iron overload, antimicrobial prophylaxis, important considerations in the era of COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease 2019), role of routine immunizations, and palliative care in the myelodysplastic syndrome population.
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE HISTONE MODIFICATION ENZYME SETDB2 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Sonobe Shota , Kitabatake Masahiro , Hara Atsushi , Konda Makiko , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Terada-Ikeda Chiyoko , Furukawa Ryutaro , Imakita Natsuko , Oda Akihisa , Takeda Maiko , Takamura Shiki , Inoue Satoki , Kunkel Steven L. , Kawaguchi Masahiko , Ito Toshihiro 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe hypoxemic respiratory failure with a high in-hospital mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ARDS remain unclear. Recent findings have indicated that the onset of severe inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, is regulated by epigenetic changes. We investigated the role of epigenetic changes in ARDS pathogenesis using mouse models and human samples. Methods: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced in a mouse model (C57BL/6 mice, myeloid cell or vascular endothelial cell [VEC]–specific SET domain bifurcated 2 [Setdb2]–deficient mice [Setdb2ffLyz2Cre+ or Setdb2ffTie2Cre+], and Cre− littermates) by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses were performed at 6 and 72 h after LPS administration. Sera and lung autopsy specimens from ARDS patients were examined. Results: In the murine ARDS model, we observed high expression of the histone modification enzyme SET domain bifurcated 2 (Setdb2) in the lungs. In situ hybridization examination of the lungs revealed Setdb2 expression in macrophages and VECs. The histological score and albumin level of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased in Setdb2ffTie2Cre+ mice following LPS administration compared with Setdb2ffTie2Cre- mice, whereas there was no significant difference between the control and Setdb2ffLyz2Cre+ mice. Apoptosis of VECs was enhanced in Setdb2ffTie2Cre+ mice. Among the 84 apoptosis-related genes, the expression of TNF receptor superfamily member 10b (Tnfrsf10b) was significantly higher in Setdb2ffTie2Cre+ mice than in control mice. Acute respiratory distress syndrome patients' serum showed higher SETDB2 levels than those of healthy volunteers. SETDB2 levels were negatively correlated with the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration ratio. Conclusion: Acute respiratory distress syndrome elevates Setdb2, apoptosis of VECs, and vascular permeability. Elevation of histone methyltransferase Setdb2 suggests the possibility to histone change and epigenetic modification. Thus, Setdb2 may be a novel therapeutic target for controlling the pathogenesis of ARDS.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy: A Retrospective Bicentric Comparison of Learning Curves and Surgical Outcomes From 2 High-volume European Centers
Authors: Centonze Leonardo , Di Bella Caterina , Giacomoni Alessandro , Silvestre Cristina , De Carlis Riccardo , Frassoni Samuele , Franchin Barbara , Angrisani Marco , Tuci Francesco , Di Bello Marianna , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Lauterio Andrea , Furian Lucrezia , De Carlis Luciano 
Published: May 2023

Background.
Although laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) represents the gold-standard technique for kidney living donation, robotic donor nephrectomy (RDN) settled as another appealing minimally invasive technique over the past decades. A comparison between LDN and RDN outcomes was performed.

Methods.
RDN and LDN outcomes were compared, focusing on operative time and perioperative risk factors affecting surgery duration. Learning curves for both techniques were compared through spline regression and cumulative sum models.

Results.
The study analyzed 512 procedures (154 RDN and 358 LDN procedures) performed between 2010 and 2021 in 2 different high-volume transplant centers. The RDN group presented a higher prevalence of arterial variations (36.2 versus 22.4%; P = 0.001) compared with the LDN cohort. No open conversions occurred; operative time (210 versus 195 min; P = 0.011) and warm ischemia time (WIT; 230 versus 180 s; P < 0.001) were longer in RDN. Postoperative complication rate was similar (8.4% versus 11.5%; P = 0.49); the RDN group showed shorter hospital stay (4 versus 5 d; P < 0.001). Spline regression models depicted a faster learning curve in the RDN group (P = 0.0002). Accordingly, cumulative sum analysis highlighted a turning point after about 50 procedures among the RDN cohort and after about 100 procedures among the LDN group.
Higher body mass index resulted as an independent risk factor for longer operative time for both techniques; multiple arteries significantly prolonged operative time in LDN, whereas RDN was longer in right kidney procurements; both procedures were equally shortened by growing surgical experience.

Conclusions.
RDN grants a faster learning curve and improves multiple vessel handling. Incidence of postoperative complications was low for both techniques.
Quantitative microbiology with widefield microscopy: navigating optical artefacts for accurate interpretations
Authors: Hardo Georgeos , Li Ruizhe , Bakshi Somenath 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTime-resolved live-cell imaging using widefield microscopy is instrumental in quantitative microbiology research. It allows us to track and measure the size, shape, and content of individual microbial cells over time. However, the small size of microbial cells poses a significant challenge in interpreting image data, as it approaches the dimensions of the microscope’s depth of field and experiences diffraction effects. As a result, 2D widefield images of microbial cells contain projected 3D information, blurred by the 3D point spread function. In this study, we employ computer simulations and targeted experiments to investigate the impact of diffraction and projection on our ability to quantify the size and content of microbial cells from 2D microscopic images. This study points to some new and often unconsidered artefacts resulting from the interplay of projection and diffraction effects, within the context of quantitative microbiology. These artefacts introduce substantial errors and biases in size and fluorescence quantification, and even single-molecule counting, making the elimination of these errors a complex task. Awareness of these artefacts is crucial for designing strategies to accurately interpret micrographs of microbes. To address this, we present new experimental designs and machine learning based analysis methods that account for these effects, resulting in accurate quantification of microbiological processes.
The selfish yeast plasmid exploits a SWI/SNF-type chromatin remodeling complex for hitchhiking on chromosomes and ensuring high-fidelity propagation
Authors: Ma Chien-Hui , Kumar Deepanshu , Ghosh Santanu K. , Iyer Vishwanath R. , Jayaram Makkuni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtra-chromosomal selfish DNA elements can evade the risk of being lost at every generation by behaving as chromosome appendages, thereby ensuring high fidelity segregation and stable persistence in host cell populations. The yeast 2-micron plasmid and episomes of the mammalian gammaherpes and papilloma viruses that tether to chromosomes and segregate by hitchhiking on them exemplify this strategy. We document for the first time the utilization of a SWI/SNF-type chromatin remodeling complex as a conduit for chromosome association by a selfish element. One principal mechanism for chromosome tethering by the 2-micron plasmid is the bridging interaction of the plasmid partitioning proteins (Rep1 and Rep2) with the yeast RSC2 complex and the plasmid partitioning locusSTB. We substantiate this model by multiple lines of evidence derived from genomics, cell biology and interaction analyses. We describe a Rep-STBbypass system in which a plasmid engineered to non-covalently associate with the RSC complex mimics segregation by chromosome hitchhiking. Given the ubiquitous prevalence of SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling complexes among eukaryotes, it is likely that the 2-micron plasmid paradigm or analogous ones will be encountered among other eukaryotic selfish elements.