bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development Goal Halftime Project: Benefit-Cost Analysis Using Methods from the Decade of Vaccine Economics Model
Authors: Patenaude Bryan , Sriudomporn Salin , Mak Joshua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2023, the world will be at “halftime” with respect to the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This midline acts as an important milestone to review the progress of the SDGs and develop policies based on the most effective interventions. To estimate the remaining resources needed to achieve SDG targets for vaccines from 2023 to 2030 as well the resulting economic benefits, in this analysis, the incremental economic benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for immunization programs in 80 low- and middle-income countries targeted by the Global Vaccine Action Plan from 2023 to 2030 is calculated. Of these 80 countries, 27 are classified as low-income countries and 53 are classified as lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). The economic evaluation covers 9 vaccines employed against 10 antigens and delivered through both routine immunization programs and supplemental immunization activities. The vaccines covered in the analysis include pentavalent vaccine, human papillomavirus vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, measles vaccine, measles-rubella vaccine, meningococcal conjugate A vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, and yellow fever vaccine, and correspond to the vaccines covered in the return-on-investment estimates presented in Sim et al., which covered 94 LMICs from 2011 to 2030. For these countries, we estimate program costs from the health system perspective, including vaccine costs such as costs to procure vaccines, which incorporate injection supplies and freight; and immunization delivery costs, which include nonvaccine commodity costs to deliver immunizations to target populations and incorporate labor, cold chain and storage, transportation, facilities, training, surveillance, and wastage. Economic benefits are calculated using a value of statistical life year (VSLY) approach applied to modeled cases, and deaths averted are converted into averted years of life lost using life expectancy data. BCRs are presented as the final output that compares incremental costs and benefits from the baseline of 2022 levels, assuming diminishing returns to scale. Overall, for this period, we estimate total costs of US$ 7,581,837,329.08 with VSLY benefits of US$ 762,172,371,553.54, resulting in a BCR of 100.53.
A congeneric and non-randomly associated pair of larval trematodes dominates the assemblage of co-infecting parasites in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Hirtle Sarah V. , Ahn Sangwook , Goater Cameron P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndividual hosts are often co-infected with multiple parasite species. Evidence from theoretical and empirical studies supports the idea that co-occurring parasites can impact each other and their hosts via synergistic or antagonistic interactions. The fundamental aim of understanding the consequences of co-infection to hosts and parasites requires an understanding of patterns of species co-occurrence within samples of hosts. We censused parasite assemblages in 755 adult, male fathead minnows collected from 7 lakes/ponds in southern Alberta, Canada between 2018 and 2020. Fifteen species of endoparasites infected fathead minnows, 98% of which were co-infected with between 2 and 9 parasite species (mean species richness: 4.4 ± 1.4). Non-random pairwise associations were detected within the overall parasite community. There were particularly strong, positive associations in the occurrences and intensities of the 2 congeneric larval trematodes Ornithodiplostomum sp. and Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus that comprised >96% of the 100 000+ parasites counted in the total sample of minnows. Furthermore, the occurrence of Ornithodiplostomum sp. was a strong predictor of the occurrence of O. ptychocheilus, and vice versa. Positive covariation in the intensities of these 2 dominants likely arises from their shared use of physid snails as first intermediate hosts in these waterbodies. These 2 species represent a predictable and non-random component within the complex assemblage of parasites of fathead minnows in this region.
Mother–infant interaction and infant development in women at risk of postpartum psychosis with and without a postpartum relapse
Authors: Biaggi Alessandra , Hazelgrove Katie , Waites Freddie , Bind Rebecca H. , Lawrence Andrew J. , Fuste Montserrat , Conroy Susan , Howard Louise M. , Mehta Mitul A. , Miele Maddalena , Seneviratne Gertrude , Pawlby Susan , Pariante Carmine M. , Dazzan Paola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate mother–infant interaction and infant development in women at-risk of postpartum psychosis (PP), with and without a postpartum relapse.Methods103 women (and their offspring) were included, 43 at-risk-of-PP because of a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder or previous PP, and 60 with no current/previous mental illness or family history of PP. Of the at-risk women, 18 developed a psychiatric relapse within 4 weeks after delivery (AR-unwell), while 25 remained symptom-free (AR-well). Mother–infant interaction was assessed using the CARE-Index at 8 weeks' and 12 months' postpartum and infant development using the Bayley-III at 12 months' postpartum.ResultsWomen at-risk-of-PP as a group, regardless of whether they developed a psychiatric relapse within 4 weeks after delivery, had less synchronous mother–infant interactions and had infants with less optimal cognitive, language, motor and socio-emotional development than healthy controls. In particular, boys of at-risk women had the lowest scores in cognitive, language and motor development and in mother–infant interaction, while girls of the at-risk women had the lowest scores in socio-emotional development. The synchrony in the dyad predicted infant cognitive and language development. There was no evidence for a difference in mother–infant interaction nor in infant development between the AR-unwell and AR-well groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, while there is a lack of evidence that an early postpartum relapse in women at-risk-of-PP could represent a risk for the infant per se, maternal risk for PP may be associated with less optimal mother–infant interaction and infant development.
New Perspectives on Child and Infant Burial in Britain (100 b.c.e.–c.e. 200)
Authors: Matthews Boehmer Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFocusing on a period of social shift, from the Late Iron Age to the early Roman period (100 b.c.e.–c.e. 200), this paper examines how the value of juvenile (under 13-year-old) bodies changed. In exploring the fluctuation in burial numbers alongside the altering forms of juvenile graves, the paper details the ways in which children (1- to 12-year-olds) and infants (younger than 1 year in age) were identified in death, as well as the longevity of these identifications. It is argued that juveniles are less common than they should be in the funerary record. Given that this relative absence of juvenile burial was clearly socially mandated, the emphasis here is on better contextualising and interrogating the sporadic presence and deposition of such burials.
The role of cognitive factors in second language writing and writing to learn a second language
Authors: Kormos Judit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article revisits the role of cognitive individual differences in creating synergies between second language (L2) writing and second language acquisition research that were proposed by Kormos (2012). It takes stock of the advances in research findings, in the past decade, on the role of working memory and language learning aptitude in L2 writing processes and performance. The article offers an overview of how cognitive factors can mediate learning gains when L2 users engage in writing. Using theoretical accounts of cognitive individual differences, the article discusses how the characteristics of writing tasks can interact with individual variation in cognitive functioning. The article concludes by proposing a Task-Mediated Cognitive Model of L2 Writing and Writing to Learn that describes the role of cognitive factors in L2 writing processes and in learning through writing, and an outline of a research agenda for future studies.
Los discos de Pizarra de Teotihuacán: caracterización y procedencia de la materia prima
Authors: López Juárez Julieta M. , Ruvalcaba Sil José Luis , Vega González Marina , Aguilar Franco Manuel 
Published: September 2023

ResumenDesde la antigüedad, los artefactos de pizarra fueron utilizados por sociedades asentadas en diversos puntos del continente americano; su uso abarcó diferentes temporalidades y múltiples formas.En el caso particular de Teotihuacán, ubicado en el centro de México, los artefactos en cuestión se reportan dentro y fuera de esta ciudad, depositados como ofrenda y asociados directamente al fuego, al agua y al inframundo. Aunque la pizarra fue una materia prima con una presencia constante en Teotihuacán, sólo se reconoce cuando aparece asociada a los espejos, cuando presenta diseños iconográficos, o con evidencia de decoración. Al respecto, en este texto señalamos la importancia de la pizarra en Teotihuacán, su cronología y contexto. De acuerdo con los resultados de los análisis tipológicos, geológicos y de caracterización, proponemos el aprovechamiento de diversas materias primas dentro de un mismo yacimiento, así como la identificación de las áreas de extracción de la pizarra utilizada por los teotihuacanos a través del tiempo.Estos datos nos permiten inferir las funciones rituales, simbólicas y jerárquicas de esta materia prima dentro de la metrópoli teotihuacana.
Classic Maya mirror conjurors of Waka', Guatemala
Authors: Freidel David A. , Navarro-Farr Olivia C. , Rich Michelle E. , Meléndez Juan Carlos , Pérez Juan Carlos , Robles Griselda Pérez , Kelly Mary Kate 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Classic period lowland Maya used iron-ore mosaic mirrors and deposited mirrors in the burials of rulers and other people. Depictions of mirrors suggest that they were used for scrying, as were mirrors in Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish arrival. Maya mirror users of this kind were conjurors, who used a variety of other divining and conjuring instruments and materials, including plates and shallow bowls. Three rulers at El Peru-Waka', now called Waka' by researchers at the site, an ancient city in northwestern Peten, Guatemala, were buried with mirrors and associated divining and conjuring materials. Following a brief introduction to the city and its temples, we describe the arrangement of mirrors and associated materials in three royal tombs. We suggest that the mirrors in these tombs were used in conjuring supernatural beings into existence, particularly Akan, a death god and wahy spirit who was a patron of the Waka' realm. We propose that the rulers and mirror conjurors of Waka' were oracles and that Waka' was known for prophecy. References to Sihyaj K'ahk' in text and iconography at Waka', and his association with oracular paraphernalia such as mirrors, lead us to propose a prophetic aspect of the visit of Sihyaj K'ahk' to the site eight days prior to his famous arrival at Tikal in a.d. 378. We suggest that the three rulers we discuss were mirror oracles sustained by the prestige of the prophecy of Sihyaj K'ahk'.
How do determinants of health relate to children’s quality of life? A cross-sectional study in Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Duzel Hilal , Ergin Isil , Durusoy Raika 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aim:
This study aims to determine health-related quality of life (QoL) and the related factors from the perspective of social determinants of health among children.

Background:
Childhood is the most intense period of life, and environmental factors surrounding children, as well as individual lifestyle factors, are related to the child’s physical and mental well-being. To our knowledge, there is a lack of studies evaluating the relationship between determinants of health and the QoL of healthy children in general.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was executed in the Bayrakli district of Izmir city. Stratified clustered sampling was used including 24 schools and 3367 7th-grade children, and 1284 students were targeted (50% prevalence, 95% CI, %5 margins of error, 2.25 design effect, and 20% replacement). The response rate was 84.9% (n = 1090). The Turkish KID-KINDL Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children was used to assess QoL. Independent variables were examined in four layers using Dahlgren’s Determinants of Health Model: basic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family characteristics, and life conditions.

Results:
The mean QoL score was 71.3 ± 12.6. Our study explained 31.7% of the variance in QoL. Higher QoL scores were associated with better health status, perceived academic achievement, normal/thin body perception, physical activity (PA), and adequate sleep duration. Living with both parents and having fewer siblings positively influenced QoL. Moreover, the presence of structural problems in the household and poorer health perceptions were associated with lower QoL scores (P < 0.05) This study highlighted the multifaceted nature of QoL in Turkish children, revealing the importance of various determinants of health. The results show that in order to improve the general well-being of this population, interventions and policies are required that concentrate on elements including health status, academic accomplishment, body perception, physical activity, family structure, and living situations.
The Metaphysical Universe of Michel ʿAflaq and His Party: A Reappraisal of the Baʿth
Authors: Rapone Spenser R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article offers a reassessment of Arab Socialist Baʿth Party founder Michel ʿAflaq's thought in the context of decolonization and global intellectual history. Engaging with ʿAflaq's thinking in terms of its metaphysical foundations and its relationship to universality, this work examines four key concepts in his oeuvre: resurrection (baʿth), faith (īmān), spirit (rūḥ), and unity (waḥda). In essence, ʿAflaq's metaphysics links the Arab nation with the past while his universalist aspirations open the way forward for the future. While numerous scholars in recent years have explicated the universal ambitions of anticolonial nationalists, the place of Arab nationalists and their relationship to decolonization are in need of greater scholarly attention. In turn, I argue that ʿAflaq's ambition of national resurrection ought to be understood as such a quest to realize the universal.
How reforms hamper priority-setting in health care: an interview study with local decision-makers in London
Authors: Kieslich Katharina , Coultas Clare , Littlejohns Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe fair allocation of scarce resources for health remains a salient topic in health care systems. Approaches for setting priorities in an equitable manner include technical ones based on health economic analyses, and ethical ones based on procedural justice. Knowledge on real-world factors that influence prioritisation at a local level, however, remains sparse. This article contributes to the empirical literature on priority-setting at the meso level by exploring how health care planners make decisions on which services to fund and to prioritise, and to what extent they consider principles of fair priority-setting. It presents the findings of an interview study with commissioners and stakeholders in South London between 2017 and 2018. Interviewees considered principles of fair prioritisation such as transparency and accountability important for offering guidance. However, the data show that in practice the adherence to principles is hampered by the difficulty of conceptualising and operationalising principles on the one hand, and the political realities in relation to reform processes on the other. To address this challenge, we apply insights from the policy and political sciences and propose a set of considerations by which current frameworks of priority-setting might be adapted to better incorporate issues of context and politics.
Shocking resilience? Effects of extreme events on constitutional compliance
Authors: Choutagunta Abishek , Gutmann Jerg , Voigt Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is often argued that governments take advantage of extreme events to expand their power to the detriment of the political opposition and citizens at large. Violations of constitutional constraints are a clear indication of such opportunistic behaviour. We study whether natural disasters, conflicts and other extreme events systematically diminish governments' compliance with constitutional constraints. Our results indicate that governments are most likely to overstep their competences or disregard their responsibilities during civil conflicts, at the onset of international sanctions or following successful coups d’état. Interestingly, Cold War interventions by the United States that installed or supported a political leader led to a decrease in constitutional compliance in the target country, whereas Soviet interventions had no such effect. In contrast, banking crises and natural disasters, which threaten societies at large, but not necessarily the political elite, do not cause a significant decline in constitutional compliance.
Estimating Dynamic Non‐Water‐Limited Canopy Resistance Over the Globe: Changes, Contributors, and Implications
Authors: Liu Meixian , Sun Alexander Y. , Lin Kairong , Luo Wei , Tu Xinjun , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNon‐water‐limited canopy resistance (rcs, also known as the bulk stomatal resistance or surface resistance) is a critical variable in estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET), which is widely used in ecohydrology related fields. However, quantifying rcs is a challenging work. Here we develop an approach for estimating rcs over the globe. Comparing results over the globe and across 10 ET data sets (used as inputs), which are based on diverse mechanisms and algorithms, we find that the approach can capture canopy resistance well (mean correlation of 0.84 ± 0.04, mean relative Root Mean Squared Error of 4.4% ± 1.0%, and mean relative Mean Absolute Error of 5.8% ± 1.4%), and the estimated rcs are very close to those estimated using another method (R2 = 0.92), which is based on a quite different hypothesis that is only suitable for saturated regions. Based on these, we find that the rcs shows an overall increasing trend (0.43 ± 0.13 s m−1 year−1) over the globe (at 77.6% ± 3.9% of the land grid cells) during 1982–2014, and the air temperature dominates the variabilities of rcs in regions with decreasing rcs (mean relative contribution of 57.9% ± 11.4%), while air CO2 concentration controls the changes in rcs in regions with increasing rcs (mean relative contribution of 47.3% ± 8.0%). Moreover, we also find that the traditional PET estimator explicitly overestimates the increasing trends in PET, and tends to overestimate (underestimate) the increasing (decreasing) trends in regions with increasing (decreasing) PET. These findings can improve our knowledge on the complex water‐vegetation‐environment interactions and would be helpful for developing more accurate models for quantifying the impacts of global change on water resources.
Karst Groundwater Vulnerability Determined by Modeled Age and Residence Time Tracers
Authors: Musgrove MaryLynn , Jurgens Bryant C. , Opsahl Stephen P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractKarst aquifers are a vital groundwater resource globally, but features such as rapid recharge and conduit flow make them highly vulnerable to land‐surface contamination. We apply environmental age tracers to the south‐central Texas Edwards aquifer, a karst resource in a rapidly urbanizing and drought‐prone region, to assess vulnerability to land‐surface contamination and risks unique to karst aquifers. We show that vulnerability of Edwards aquifer groundwater follows similar spatial and depth patterns common to porous‐media type aquifers, despite complicated karst hydrogeologic features. Shallow and unconfined parts are more vulnerable to land‐surface contamination than the deeper and confined parts, although even the oldest groundwater is mixed with some recent recharge. When modeled age‐tracer results are coupled with other independent geochemical tracers of water‐rock interaction specific to karst settings, they can yield insight into residence time and associated vulnerability.
Spatial Aggregation of Satellite Observations Leads to an Overestimation of the Radiative Forcing due to Aerosol‐Cloud Interactions
Authors: Goren Tom , Sourdeval Odran , Kretzschmar Jan , Quaas Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe estimation of cloud radiative forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions, RFaci (also known as the first indirect effect), relies on approximating the cloud albedo susceptibility to changes in droplet concentration, β. β depends on the cloud albedo and droplet concentration, both of which can be observed by satellites. Satellite observations are often spatially aggregated to coarser resolutions, typically 1 × 1° scenes. However, on such spatial scales, the cloud albedo tends to be heterogeneous, whereas the β approximation assumes homogeneity. Here, we demonstrate that the common practice of aggregating satellite data and neglecting cloud albedo heterogeneity results in an average overestimation of 10% in previous estimates of the RFaci. Additionally, we establish a relationship between the magnitude of the bias in β and Stratocumulus morphologies, providing a physical context for cloud heterogeneity and the associated bias. Lastly, we propose a correction method that can be applied to cloud albedo gridded data.
Statistical Characteristics of the Electron Isotropy Boundary
Authors: Wilkins C. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Artemyev A. , Zhang X.‐J. , Liu J. , Tsai E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUtilizing observations from the Electron Losses and Fields Investigation satellites, we present a statistical study of ∼2,000 events in 2019–2020 characterizing the occurrence in magnetic local time (MLT) and latitude of ≥50 keV electron isotropy boundaries (IBs) and associated electron precipitation. The isotropy boundary of an electron of a given energy is the magnetic latitude poleward of which persistent isotropized pitch angle distributions (Jprec/Jperp ∼ 1) are first observed to occur, interpreted as resulting from magnetic field‐line curvature scattering in the equatorial magnetosphere. We find that energetic electron IBs can be well‐recognized on the nightside from dusk until dawn, under all geomagnetic activity conditions, with a peak occurrence rate of almost 90% near ∼22 hr in MLT, remaining above 80% from 21 to 01 MLT. The observed IBs span International Geophysical Reference Field (IGRF) magnetic latitudes of 60°–74° with a maximum occurrence between 66° and 71° (L of 6–8), trending toward lower latitudes and premidnight local times with activity. The precipitating energy flux of ≥50 keV electrons averaged over the IB‐associated latitudes varies over four orders of magnitude, up to 1 erg/cm2‐s, and often includes wide‐energy electron spectra exceeding 1 MeV. The IB‐associated energies and precipitating fluxes also exhibit peak values near midnight for low activity, shifting toward premidnight for elevated activity. The average total precipitating power deposited over the high‐latitude nightside atmosphere (55°–80°; IGRF L ≥ 3) attributed to IBs is 10%–20%, or 10 MW, but at times can approach 100% of the total ≥50 keV electron energy deposition over the entire subauroral and auroral zone region, exceeding 1 GW.