bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of pharmacotherapy for bipolar disorder: A GBC survey
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Yocum Anastasia K. , Strawbridge Rebecca , Burdick Katherine E. , Millett Caitlin E. , Peters Amy T. , Sperry Sarah H. , Fico Giovanna , Vieta Eduard , Verdolini Norma , Godin Ophelia , Leboyer Marion , Etain Bruno , Tso Ivy F. , Coombes Brandon J. , McInnis Melvin G. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Young Allan H. , Ashton Melanie M. , Berk Michael , Williams Lana J. , Keramatian Kamyar , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Overs Bronwyn J. , Fullerton Janice M. , Roberts Gloria , Mitchell Philip B. , Andreassen Ole A. , Andreazza Ana C. , Zandi Peter P. , Pham Daniel , Biernacka Joanna M. , Frye Mark A. ,   The FACE‐BD Collaborators, The Global Bipolar Cohort Collaborative
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo understand treatment practices for bipolar disorders (BD), this study leveraged the Global Bipolar Cohort collaborative network to investigate pharmacotherapeutic treatment patterns in multiple cohorts of well‐characterized individuals with BD in North America, Europe, and Australia.MethodsData on pharmacotherapy, demographics, diagnostic subtypes, and comorbidities were provided from each participating cohort. Individual site and regional pooled proportional meta‐analyses with generalized linear mixed methods were conducted to identify prescription patterns.ResultsThis study included 10,351 individuals from North America (n = 3985), Europe (n = 3822), and Australia (n = 2544). Overall, participants were predominantly female (60%) with BD‐I (60%; vs. BD‐II = 33%). Cross‐sectionally, mood‐stabilizing anticonvulsants (44%), second‐generation antipsychotics (42%), and antidepressants (38%) were the most prescribed medications. Lithium was prescribed in 29% of patients, primarily in the Australian (31%) and European (36%) cohorts. First‐generation antipsychotics were prescribed in 24% of the European versus 1% in the North American cohort. Antidepressant prescription rates were higher in BD‐II (47%) compared to BD‐I (35%). Major limitations were significant differences among cohorts based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, data source, and time/year of enrollment into cohort.ConclusionsMood‐stabilizing anticonvulsants, second‐generation antipsychotics, and antidepressants were the most prescribed medications suggesting prescription patterns that are not necessarily guideline concordant. Significant differences exist in the prescription practices across different geographic regions, especially the underutilization of lithium in the North American cohorts and the higher utilization of first‐generation antipsychotics in the European cohorts. There is a need to conduct future longitudinal studies to further explore these differences and their impact on outcomes, and to inform and implement evidence‐based guidelines to help improve treatment practices in BD.
Review: Adverse event monitoring and reporting in studies of pediatric psychosocial interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Lodewyk Kalee , Bagnell Alexa , Courtney Darren B. , Newton Amanda S. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAdverse event monitoring in studies of psychotherapy is crucial to clinical decision‐making, particularly for weighing of benefits and harms of treatment approaches. In this systematic review, we identified how adverse events are defined, measured, and reported in studies of psychosocial interventions for children with mental disorders.MethodMedline, PsycINFO, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2011–January 2023, and Google Scholar from January 2011–February 2023. English language experimental and quasi‐experimental studies that evaluated the efficacy or effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for childhood mental disorders were included. Information on the definition, assessment, and report of adverse events was extracted using a checklist based on Good Clinical Practice guidelines.ResultsIn this review, 117 studies were included. Studies most commonly involved treating anxiety disorders or obsessive‐compulsive disorder (32/117; 27%); 44% of the experimental interventions tested (52/117) were cognitive behavioral therapies. Adverse events were monitored in 36 studies (36/117; 31%) with a protocol used in 19 of these studies to guide monitoring (19/36; 53%). Twenty‐seven different events were monitored across the studies with hospitalization the most frequently monitored (3/36; 8%). Event severity was fully assessed in 6 studies (17%) and partially assessed in 12 studies (33%). Only 4/36 studies (11%) included assessing events for cause.ConclusionsTo date, adverse events have been inconsistently defined, measured and reported in psychosocial intervention studies of childhood mental health disorders. Information on adverse events is an essential knowledge component for understanding the potential impacts and risks of therapeutic interventions.
Progress in elementary school reading linked to growth of cortical responses to familiar letter combinations within visual word forms
Authors: Wang Fang , Kaneshiro Blair , Toomarian Elizabeth Y. , Gosavi Radhika S. , Hasak Lindsey R. , Moron Suanna , Nguyen Quynh Trang H. , Norcia Anthony M. , McCandliss Bruce D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLearning to read depends on the ability to extract precise details of letter combinations, which convey critical information that distinguishes tens of thousands of visual word forms. To support fluent reading skill, one crucial neural developmental process is one's brain sensitivity to statistical constraints inherent in combining letters into visual word forms. To test this idea in early readers, we tracked the impact of two years of schooling on within‐subject longitudinal changes in cortical responses to three different properties of words: coarse tuning for print, and fine tuning to either familiar letter combinations within visual word forms or whole word representations. We then examined how each related to growth in reading skill. Three stimulus contrasts—words versus pseudofonts, words versus pseudowords, pseudowords versus nonwords—were presented while high‐density EEG Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs,n = 31) were recorded. Internalization of abstract visual word form structures over two years of reading experience resulted in a near doubling of SSVEP amplitude, with increasing left lateralization. Longitudinal changes (decreases) in brain responses to such word form structural information were linked to the growth in reading skills, especially in rapid automatic naming of letters. No such changes were observed for whole word representation processing and coarse tuning for print. Collectively, these findings indicate that sensitivity to visual word form structure develops rapidly through exposure to print and is linked to growth in reading skill.Research HighlightsLongitudinal changes in cognitive responses to coarse print tuning, visual word from structure, and whole word representation were examined in early readers.Visual word form structure processing demonstrated striking patterns of growth with nearly doubled in EEG amplitude and increased left lateralization.Longitudinal changes (decreases) in brain responses to visual word form structural information were linked to the growth in rapid automatic naming for letters.No longitudinal changes were observed for whole word representation processing and coarse tuning for print.
“We'd really love to but we're really busy”: Silence, precarity and resistance as structural barriers to anti‐racism in nursing education
Authors: Bell Blythe Victoria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo identify structural barriers to the uptake and practice of anti‐racism in nursing education, specifically in the Canadian context.DesignA deconstructive, critical, qualitative inquiry informed by critical race theory, critical whiteness, feminism and post‐colonialism.MethodsThis study employed an anonymous online open‐ended questionnaire and online focus groups with Canadian nurse educators from April to June 2021. The data were analysed through a contextualist thematic analysis that accounts for data as essential experience and also a product of discourse.ResultsStructural barriers identified are organized into themes of: the academic environment; position and power; racism; program delivery; and Whiteness. Pervasive silence, especially white silence, can be interpreted in related contexts of precarity, self‐interest and institutional violence. Overarching processes of precarity and resistance exert power over the environment of nursing education which act to destabilize, disrupt and discourage anti‐racist efforts and education.ConclusionThe sustainability of anti‐racism should be a primary focus. This entails attending to structures in nursing and higher education that make nursing education precarious work, especially for educators racialized as Other in the white supremacist racial binary of White: non‐White. Explicit and ongoing attention to conditions that silence is necessary for any progress to be made. Strategies of applying anti‐racism need to be as complex as the barriers.ImplicationsMany schools of nursing are engaged in attempts to include anti‐racism as learning and environment. The structural barriers that interfere with effective integration of anti‐racism as a lens for nursing education must be named and addressed so educators and schools can be successful. The implication of trying to incorporate anti‐racism without addressing the barriers is a very superficial or pocketed application of anti‐racism, and a continuation of the status quo that reproduces Whiteness and excludes and harms people racialized otherwise.ImpactThe study addressed both strategies and barriers to anti‐racism in nursing education. This article addressed structural barriers in anti‐racism in Canadian nursing education. The main findings are that processes of precarity specific to nursing education in institutions of higher learning, and resistance through Whiteness, decision‐making hierarchy and regulatory structures interfere with the application of anti‐racism. This research impacts nurse educators in all nursing schools and leaders in higher education. It also impacts all current and future nursing students as the recipients of the education we provide.Reporting MethodThe paper adheres to COREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency in a Chinese patient: Report of one novel mutation and literature review
Authors: Yuxuan Bai , Yan Duan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThrough a case of deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) to improve domestic clinicians' understanding of the disease, and to review the literature, promote dermatologists for clinical secondary primary lesion diagnosis.MethodAnalysis of a case diagnosed with DADA2 deficiency of clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging examination and treatment methods, and discussion through literature analysis.ResultsThe child with recurrent fever, limbs nodular erythema, gradually in the limbs. CT of lower limb skin showed mild edema of the spinous layer, intact basal layer, dilated vascular congestion in the superficial dermis, visible RBC extravasation, and changes of telangiectasia ring purpura were considered. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left choroidal cleft cyst. Genetic test was the CECR1 mutation. The treatment with adalimumab was effective.ConclusionIn this case, DADA2 is the seventh case in China, and the CECR1 mutation site (c.254A> T p.N85I,c.851G>T p. G284V) was a compound heterozygous mutation. Mastering the clinical characteristics is helpful for clinicians to diagnose this disease.
Seasonal gene expression signatures of delayed fertilization in Fagaceae
Authors: Satake Akiko , Ohta Kayoko , Takeda‐Kamiya Noriko , Toyooka Kiminori , Kusumi Junko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the family Fagaceae, fertilization is delayed by several weeks to 1 year after pollination, leading to 1‐ or 2‐year fruiting species depending on whether fruiting occurs in the same or the next year after flowering. To investigate physiological responses underlying the regulation of delayed fertilization, we monitored seasonal changes in genome‐wide gene expression in tissues including leaves and buds over 2 years under natural conditions in one‐ (Quercus glauca) and 2‐year fruiting species (Lithocarpus edulis). Genes associated with metabolic changes in response to winter cold, photosynthesis and cell proliferation, which are essential for survival and growth, showed highly conserved seasonal expression profiles between species. However, seasonal expression profiles diverged between species in genes associated with pollination, an important process contributing to the origin and maintenance of the reproductive barrier between plant species. By comparing seasonal progression of ovule development and gene expression in pistillate flowers, we revealed that ovules started developing after winter in the 2‐year fruiting species, which could be linked to the activation of genes involved in fertilization and female gametophyte development after winter. These findings suggest that the 2‐year fruiting species may have evolved a requirement of winter cold to prevent fertilization before winter and facilitate fertilization and embryo development in the following spring when temperature rises. This study offers new possibilities to explore the evolution of reproductive strategies in Fagaceae.
In defense of guilt‐tripping
Authors: Achs Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is tempting to hold that guilt‐tripping is morally wrong, either because it is objectionably manipulative, or because it involves gratuitously aiming to make another person suffer, or both. In this article, I develop a picture of guilt according to which guilt is a type of pain that incorporates a commitment to its own justification on the basis of the subject's wrongdoing. This picture supports the hypothesis that feeling guilty is an especially efficient means for a wrongdoer to come to more deeply understand why her behavior was wrong; it is precisely because guilt is painful and involves a self‐reflexive justificatory element that it is able to play this role. Such a picture, moreover, preserves the possibility that deliberately making others feel guilty needn't involve aiming gratuitously to harm them and needn't be objectionably manipulative. It follows that we should be surprisingly sanguine about the practice of inducing guilt in wrongdoers as a means of facilitating their moral edification.
Comparison of Hospital Performance in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Mortality and Functional Outcome in South Korea
Authors: Yang Bosco Seong Kyu , Jang Minuk , Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Oh Mi-Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Choi Jay Chol , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyung Bok , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Jun , Lee Sang-Hwa , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee-Joon ,   on the behalf of the CRCS-K (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea) investigators*
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Recent evidence suggests a correlation between modified Rankin Scale-based measures, an outcome measure commonly used in acute stroke trials, and mortality-based measures used by health agencies in the evaluation of hospital performance. We aimed to examine whether the 2 types of measures are interchangeable in relation to evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke.

METHODS:
Five outcome measures, unfavorable functional outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥2), death or dependency (3-month modified Rankin Scale score ≥3), 1-month mortality, 3-month mortality, and 1-year mortality, were collected for 8292 individuals who were hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke between January 2014 and May 2015 in 14 hospitals participating in the Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea – National Institute of Health registry. Hierarchical regression models were used to calculate per-hospital risk-adjusted outcome rates for each measure. Hospitals were ranked and grouped based on the risk-adjusted outcome rates, and the correlations between the modified Rankin Scale-based and mortality-based ranking and their intermeasure reliability in categorizing hospital performance were analyzed.

RESULTS:
The comparison between the ranking based on the unfavorable functional outcome and that based on 1-year mortality resulted in a Spearman correlation coefficient of −0.29 and Kendall rank coefficient of −0.23, and the comparison of grouping based on these 2 types of ranks resulted in a weighted kappa of 0.123 for the grouping in the top 33%/middle 33%/bottom 33% and 0.25 for the grouping in the top 20%/middle 60%/bottom 20%, respectively. No significant correlation or similarity in grouping capacities were found between the rankings based on the functional outcome measures and those based on the mortality measures.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows that regardless of clinical correlation at an individual patient level, functional outcome-based measures and mortality-based measures are not interchangeable in the evaluation of hospital performance in acute ischemic stroke.
Positive association between weight-adjusted-waist index and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Wei , Xie Yanyou , Yu Lingling , Yu Chao , Bao Huihui , Cheng Xiaoshu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The links between obesity and dementia remain equivocal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a new anthropometric indicator reflecting obesity, and dementia in the Chinese population with hypertension.

Methods
A total of 10,289 participants with hypertension were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, a subset of the China H-type hypertension registry study. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (WC) divided by the square root of bodyweight. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale was performed to evaluate the cognitive function. According to educational background, different MMSE cut-off values were applied to define dementia: < 24 for participants with ≥ 7 years of education, < 20 for those with 1–6 years of education, and < 17 for illiterate participants. Multivariable linear regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between WWI and MMSE and dementia, respectively.

Results
Overall, the mean age was 63.7 ± 9.7 years, and 49.0% were males. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that WWI was negatively associated with MMSE (β, -1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.24, -0.94). Consistently, multivariable binary logistic regression analyses found a positive association between WWI and the risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% CI: 1.35, 1.56). Compared with individuals in quartile 1 of WWI, the adjusted β and OR values of WWI for MMSE and dementia were -2.28 (95% CI: -2.62, -1.94) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.81, 2.48), respectively. Results of smoothing curve fitting confirmed the linear association between WWI and MMSE and dementia. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between WWI and dementia in participants with hypertension with midday napping.

Conclusion
WWI was independently and positively associated with dementia among the population with hypertension, especially in those with midday napping. The data suggests that WWI may serve as a simple and effective tool for the assessment of the risk of dementia in clinical practice.
A qualitative interview study applying the COM-B model to explore how hospital-based trainers implement antimicrobial stewardship education and training in UK hospital-based care
Authors: Turner Rebecca , Hart Jo , Ashiru-Oredope Diane , Atkins Lou , Eades Christopher , Felton Tim , Howlett Emily , Rice Stephen , Shallcross Laura , Lorencatto Fabiana , Byrne-Davis Lucie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in healthcare and other settings. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a broad multi-component health services intervention that promotes and monitors the judicious use of antimicrobials to preserve their future effectiveness. A main component of AMS is education and training (E&T). However, there are often discrepancies in how such interventions are implemented and delivered in hospital-based care. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the implementation of AMS E&T in UK hospitals.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were carried out with AMS E&T trainers in UK hospitals. The interview schedule was developed using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation = Behaviour (COM-B) model. Participants were identified via professional networks and social media. Interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis, followed by deductive analysis using the COM-B model as a framework.ResultsA total of 34 participants (26 antimicrobial pharmacists, 3 nurses, 1 advanced clinical practitioner, 2 infectious disease consultants, 1 microbiologist and 1 clinical scientist). responsible for designing, implementing and evaluating AMS E&T in UK hospitals (five from Northern Ireland, four from Wales, two from Scotland and 23 from England) took part in virtual interviews. Key themes were: (1) The organisational context, including system-level barriers to AMS included competing organisational targets (Reflective motivation and physical opportunity) and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on activity (Physical opportunity); (2) Healthcare professionals’ roles and the wider multi-disciplinary team, such that AMS roles were defined and addressed poorly in E&T (Social opportunity); and (3) The individual perception of the need for AMS E&T in hospital-based care, manifest in a perceived lack of conviction of the wider threat of AMR and the resulting need for AMS E&T (Reflective motivation).ConclusionThis study has identified factors influencing implementation of AMS E&T in UK hospitals and further identified where implemented, AMS E&T did not address real-world challenges. Current AMS E&T needs to be optimised to elicit practice change, with recommendations including training and engaging the wider work-force and drawing upon theoretically-informed intervention development frameworks to inform AMS E&T to better target AMS behaviour change.