bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federated deep Q-learning networks for service-based anomaly detection and classification in edge-to-cloud ecosystems
Authors: AL-Naday Mays , Dobre Vlad , Reed Martin , Toor Salman , Volckaert Bruno , De Turck Filip 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe diversity of services and infrastructure in metropolitan edge-to-cloud network(s) is rising to unprecedented levels. This is causing a rising threat of a wider range of cyber attacks coupled with a growing integration of a constrained range of infrastructure, particularly seen at the network edge. Deep reinforcement-based learning is an attractive approach to detecting attacks, as it allows less dependency on labeled data with better ability to classify different attacks. However, current approaches to learning are known to be computationally expensive (cost), and the learning experience can be negatively impacted by the presence of outliers and noise (quality). This work tackles both the cost and quality challenges with a novel service-based federated deep reinforcement learning solution, enabling anomaly detection and attack classification at a reduced data cost and with better quality. The federated settings in the proposed approach enable multiple edge units to create clusters that follow a bottom-up learning approach. The proposed solution adapts a deep Q-learning network (DQN) for service-tunable flow classification and introduces a novel federated DQN (FDQN) for federated learning. Through such targeted training and validation, variation in data patterns and noise is reduced. This leads to improved performance per service with lower training cost. Performance and cost of the solution, along with sensitivity to exploration parameters, are evaluated using examples of publicly available datasets (UNSW-NB15 and CIC-IDS2018). Evaluation results show the proposed solution to maintain detection accuracy in the range of ≈75–85% with lower data supply while improving the classification rate by a factor of ≈2.
Impact of prolonged heating on the color and crystallinity of bone
Authors: Gallo G. , Ushakov S. V. , Navrotsky A. , Stahlschmidt M. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuration of an anthropogenic fire event is one aspect of fire use and maintenance that is linked to combustion feature function but has low archaeological visibility. In this study, we describe the transformations to fresh, modern cortical bone with prolonged exposure to heat in order to evaluate the utility of archaeological bone for the recognition of long duration thermal alteration. Cores of bovid cortical bone were heated exposed to air at 300, 550, and 750 °C in a sequence of experimental trials in a Nabertherm muffle furnace for periods of 10 minutes, 9 hours, and 48 hours, plus an extensive cooling period on heat retaining sediments (gravel or gravel compacted with fine quartz sand) to mirror the smoldering and extinguishing of actualistic fires. After heating, bone cores were analyzed with a color tool, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to evaluate changes in structure, composition, and crystallinity of bioapatite as a function of different temperature thresholds and time. Results indicate that prolonged heating in air induces specific structural and chemical changes in bone compared to shorter duration burned counterparts. Coloration changes also demonstrate that white coloration, a primary characteristic utilized by zooarchaeologists to record information about burning intensity, is not an exclusive indicator of calcination at moderate to high temperatures but may also result from long duration exposures at low temperatures.
Calculation of penetration depth of a support retaining system anchored on the top, for underground network and buried energy pipelines
Authors: Zachos Dimos , Alamanis Nikolaos , Papageorgiou Grigorios , Chrysanidis Theodoros , Xafoulis Nikolaos , Paschalis Evangelos 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe object of the present paper is to determine the minimum support requirements provided for the safe execution of trench excavation works for underground network receptacles. This term is used to define the open excavations, which are carried out for underground networks to be installed or constructed, and which are classified in terms of place of execution and soil categories. This paper focuses on the study of the free earth support method in excavations carried out in earthy soils and in places where the passage of the pipeline requires deep excavations of vertical front. In these cases, for reasons of safety of both the personnel and the equipment, it is necessary to support the vertical excavation fronts, even when the analyses indicate their stability. In this context, and to avoid the consequences, before the start of the excavation and at its limit, the formation of vertical support structures is required, which are commonly known as "retaining bulkheads". The basic criteria for selecting the type of the support system are soil characteristics, local conditions (surface load, groundwater table) and finally, the lifetime of the trench. Based on the above, the objective of the study is to investigate the temporary support of vertical fronts of depth trenches about 10 m, the excavation of which is carried out on earthy soil. The study is based on the implementation of the limit equilibrium method, which is applied according to the provisions—guidelines set out in Eurocode 7 (EN 1997). The study investigates the distribution of earth pressures in an anchored retaining structure of a deep excavation by extracting the main design parameters of similar systems. The goal of this work is to select the type of the support system depending on the soil properties (c, γ, φ and Ε) and local conditions, as a prerequisite for safe and rational design, while in the end of the project useful conclusions are drawn.
Development of decomposition-based model using Copula-GARCH approach to simulate instantaneous peak discharge
Authors: Nazeri Tahroudi Mohammad , Mirabbasi Rasoul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEstimation of instantaneous peak discharge is important in the design of hydraulic structures and reservoir management. In this study, a new approach called CEEMD-Copula-GARCH is presented for simulating instantaneous peak discharge in the Qale Shahrokh basin, upstream of Zayanderood Dam, Iran. In the developed method, the Complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) algorithm was used to analyze the observed values and generate the intrinsic mode function values and residual series. For this purpose, the intrinsic mode function values were simulated based on vine copula and its tree sequence (C-vine, D-vine, R-vine and their independent and Gaussian modes), and the residual series of the CEEMD algorithm were simulated by the GARCH model. The results of simulating instantaneous peak discharge values (m3/s) using the CEEMD-Copula-GARCH approach in the study area showed that the amount of simulation error based on the RMSE statistic compared to the CEEMD-Copula model and simulation without decomposition has improved by about 20 and 70%, respectively. The model’s efficiency was also estimated based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency in the proposed approach of 0.99, and the certainty of the proposed approach was also confirmed based on the presented violin plot. According to the presented results, the proposed approach has high accuracy and efficiency in the simulation of instantaneous peak discharge (m3/s), which can be used in the flood control system design and flood management. Using the methodology proposed in this study, multivariable models can be used in simulating univariate series with high accuracy.
Energy intensity-based metric for optimal design of water distribution systems
Authors: Marlim Malvin S. , Kang Doosun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater distribution systems (WDSs) are some of the most energy-intensive urban infrastructures and thus require efficient energy management. As an essential public infrastructure, a WDS plays an integral role in meeting the water needs of its users at service pressure. Hence, the service level should also be considered when reducing the energy consumption of the WDS. Therefore, to evaluate both energy management and service level, this study proposes efficient returned pressure (ERP) as a metric to optimize the WDS in both aspects by comparing the service pressure to the required energy intensity. During its operating cycle, the ERP considers the pressure and required energy intensity of the demand junctions resulting from the connection of various WDS elements. Using ERP as an optimization objective against the cost for three cases of different active network element configurations, it was discovered that ERP successfully identified solutions that could maximize service pressure while maintaining a minimum required energy intensity. Using ERP provided more effective solutions in terms of cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and network pressure uniformity compared to a conventional index such as the modified resilience index. Overall, the ERP proves to be a feasible optimization parameter when pressure and energy usage is of concern.
Real-time, random-access organ screening for carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) reduces CRO-associated, donor-derived infection mortality in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Zhou Wen-Yong , Shen Lei , Shi Jian-Xin , Gao Xing-Hui , Yang Jun , Fu Shi-Jie , Pan Xu-Feng , Zhu Min-Fang , Zhang Shen , Zhang Chong , Li Feng , Zhang Hai , Yao Feng , Tenover Fred C. , Tang Yi-Wei , Fang Wen-Tao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Donor-derived infection (DDI) has become an important factor affecting the prognosis of lung transplantation patients. The risks versus benefits of using donor organs infected with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), especially carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO), are frequently debated. Traditional microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing at present fail to meet the needs of quick CRO determination for donor lungs before acquisition. In this study, we explored a novel screening method by using Xpert® Carba-R assay for CRO in donor lungs in a real-time manner to reduce CRO-associated DDI mortality.

Methods
This study was registered on chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100053687) on November 2021. In the Xpert Carba-R screening group, donor lungs were screened for CRO infection by the Xpert Carba-R test on bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) before acquisition. If the result was negative, donor lung acquisition and subsequent lung transplantation were performed. In the thirty-five potential donors, nine (25.71%) with positive Xpert Carba-R results in BALF were declined for lung transplantation. Twenty-six recipients and the matching CRO-negative donor lungs (74.29%) were included in the Xpert Carba-R screening group. In the control group, nineteen recipients underwent lung transplants without Xpert Carba-R screening. The incidence and mortality of CRO-associated DDI were collected and contrasted between the two groups.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that CRO-related death due to DDI within 60 days was significantly lower in the Xpert Carba-R screening group than that in the control group (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.003–0.74, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Real-time CRO screening of donor lungs before transplantation at the point of care by the Xpert Carba-R helps clinicians formulate lung transplantation strategies quickly and reduces the risk of subsequent CRO infection improving the prognosis of lung transplantation.
Solving inverse problems for mixed-variational equations on perforated domains
Authors: Berenguer M. I. , Gámez D. , Garralda-Guillem A. I. , Kunze H. , La Torre D. , Ruiz Galán M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to analyze some conditions for the existence of solution of a perturbed mixed variational system and that of an associated inverse problem related to the collage-based approach, both on perforated domains or domains with holes. In addition, we study the influence of the size of the holes and state some convergence results. Finally, we conduct a computational study for solving some of those inverse problems.
Recent Advances in Structural Optimization and Surface Modification on Current Collectors for High-Performance Zinc Anode: Principles, Strategies, and Challenges
Authors: Gong Yuxin , Wang Bo , Ren Huaizheng , Li Deyu , Wang Dianlong , Liu Huakun , Dou Shixue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe last several years have witnessed the prosperous development of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), which are considered as a promising competitor of energy storage systems thanks to their low cost and high safety. However, the reversibility and availability of this system are blighted by problems such as uncontrollable dendritic growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion passivation on anode side. A functionally and structurally well-designed anode current collectors (CCs) is believed as a viable solution for those problems, with a lack of summarization according to its working mechanisms. Herein, this review focuses on the challenges of zinc anode and the mechanisms of modified anode CCs, which can be divided into zincophilic modification, structural design, and steering the preferred crystal facet orientation. The possible prospects and directions on zinc anode research and design are proposed at the end to hopefully promote the practical application of ZIBs.
Unmasking the Hypoxia Landscape in Cervical Cancer: S100A2 and Its Implication for Immunotherapy Resistance
Authors: Laban Mohamed , Chen Xi , Guo Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and typically diagnosed between the ages of 35 and 44. Despite the death rate declining 1% each year since the 2000s, the 5-year survival of late stage remains lower than 20%. This emphasizes the urgency to keep exploring cervical cancer cell survival factors and identifying new prognostic markers. In this issue of Reproductive Sciences, Yang et al. stratified hypoxia subtype by analyzing 200 hypoxia-related genes in TCGA database and observed patient overall survival, hypoxic, transcriptome, genomics, and immunological characteristics vary among these hypoxia subtypes and created a hypoxia score which successfully stratified patient by predicting clinical outcomes and response to immunotherapy. Simultaneously, a hypoxia mediator (S100A2) associated with an aggressive cervical cancer phenotype is identified. We reviewed similar work on S100A2 and hypoxia-mediated multidrug resistance and highlighted the values added by this study. Future work could focus on unraveling the direct link between S100A2 and immunotherapy resistance.
Social media and ADHD: implications for clinical assessment and treatment
Authors: Hartnett Y. , Cummings E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interaction between social media use and mental health is complicated. The mental health information shared on these platforms is frequently of poor quality but has the potential to exert powerful influence on users. Social media trend peaks in some mental disorders have led to increases in illness behaviour through social contagion. There has been a marked upsurge in online interest in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over the last number of years, which has been particularly noticeable since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The exponential increase in online ADHD interest has the potential to contribute to overloading mental health services with referrals. Mental health professionals and organisations need to consider strategies to ensure that quality health information is disseminated to younger audiences.
Archaeological Analysis of a Water Mill from the Nineteenth Century in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Pifano Pablo José , Fernández Fernando J. , Guillermo Ailín A. , Petrucci Natalia S. , Páez María C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydraulic mills were introduced in the early colonial period in the Americas to grind wheat into flour. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the rise of the agro-export model in Latin America shaped the development of a flour industry in which water-powered mills played a central role. Over time, these technologies were used not only to increase production for the export market but also to meet the needs of domestic consumption, both local and regional. In this context, in 2017 we began to investigate the characteristics of a hydraulic mill, currently in disuse, in the town of Payogasta in the province of Salta (Argentina), to determine its chronology and functionality. In addition to surveying the structure, we conducted excavations in the nearby rooms that were part of the site. We found that this mill was in operation between the end of the nineteenth and the end of the twentieth centuries, grinding wheat, corn, carob, and red bell pepper, and that the adjoining rooms were used to house the people who were waiting their turn to grind their raw materials.
Habitat selection of southern giant petrels: potential environmental monitors of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Finger Júlia Victória Grohmann , Krüger Lucas , Corá Denyelle Hennayra , Petry Maria Virginia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) is a widely distributed top predator of the Southern Ocean. To define the fine-scale foraging areas and habitat use of Antarctic breeding populations, 47 southern giant petrels from Nelson Island were GPS-tracked during the summers of 2019–2020 and 2021–2022. Step-selection analysis was applied to test the effects of environmental variables on habitat selection. Visual overlap with seal haul-out sites and fishing areas was also analysed. Birds primarily used waters to the south of the colony in the Weddell and Bellingshausen seas. Females showed a broader distribution, reaching up to -70°S to the west of Nelson Island, while males were mainly concentrated in waters off the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Habitat selection of both sexes was associated with water depth and proximity to penguin colonies. Both overlapped their foraging areas with fishing sites and females in particular overlapped with toothfish fishery blocks in Antarctica and with fishing areas in the Patagonian Shelf. Due to their habitat associations and overlap with fisheries, when harnessed with tracking devices and animal-borne cameras, giant petrels can act as platforms for monitoring the condition and occurrence of penguin colonies, haul-out sites and unregulated fisheries on various temporal and spatial scales in Antarctica.
Eocene to Oligocene cooling and ice growth based on the geochemistry of interglacial mudstones from the East Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: Light Jennifer J. , Passchier Sandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Eocene-Oligocene Transition at c. 34 million years ago (Ma) marked the global change from greenhouse to icehouse and the establishment of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). How the ice-sheet behaviour changed during interglacials across this climate transition is poorly understood. We analysed major, trace and rare earth elemental data of late Eocene interglacial mudstone from Prydz Bay at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1166 and early Oligocene interglacial mudstone from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1360 on the Wilkes Land continental shelf. Both sites have comparable glaciomarine depositional settings. Lithofacies and provenance at Site 1166 in Prydz Bay are indicative of a late Eocene glacial retreat in the Lambert Graben. Palaeoclimate proxies, including the Chemical Index of Alteration, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, show a dominant warm and humid palaeoclimate for the late Eocene interglacial. In contrast, at Site U1360, in the early Oligocene, the provenance and interglacial weathering regime remained relatively stable with conditions of physical weathering. These results confirm that the EAIS substantially retreated periodically during late Eocene interglacials and that subglacial basins probably remained partially glaciated during interglacials in the earliest Oligocene.
Knowing “what for,” but not “where”: Dissociation between functional and contextual tool knowledge in healthy individuals and patients with dementia
Authors: Baumard Josselin , Lesourd Mathieu , Jarry Christophe , Merck Catherine , Etcharry-Bouyx Frédérique , Chauviré Valérie , Belliard Serge , Osiurak François , Le Gall Didier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:Semantic tool knowledge underlies the ability to perform activities of daily living. Models of apraxia have emphasized the role of functional knowledge about the action performed with tools (e.g., a hammer and a mallet allow a “hammering” action), and contextual knowledge informing individuals about where to find tools in the social space (e.g., a hammer and a mallet can be found in a workshop). The goal of this study was to test whether contextual or functional knowledge, would be central in the organization of tool knowledge. It was assumed that contextual knowledge would be more salient than functional knowledge for healthy controls and that patients with dementia would show impaired contextual knowledge.Methods:We created an original, open-ended categorization task with ambiguity, in which the same familiar tools could be matched on either contextual or functional criteria.Results:In our findings, healthy controls prioritized a contextual, over a functional criterion. Patients with dementia had normal visual categorization skills (as demonstrated by an original picture categorization task), yet they made less contextual, but more functional associations than healthy controls.Conclusion:The findings support a dissociation between functional knowledge (“what for”) on the one hand, and contextual knowledge (“where”) on the other hand. While functional knowledge may be distributed across semantic and action-related factors, contextual knowledge may actually be the name of higher-order social norms applied to tool knowledge. These findings may encourage researchers to test both functional and contextual knowledge to diagnose semantic deficits and to use open-ended categorization tests.
Performance of Lightning Potential Index, Lightning Threat Index, and the Product of CAPE and Precipitation in the WRF Model
Authors: Saleh Narges , Gharaylou Maryam , Farahani Majid M. , Alizadeh Omid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLightning is a naturally occurring phenomenon with significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts, underlining the need for the application of advanced methods to predict it. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in the prediction of the lightning potential index (LPI), the lightning threat index (LTI), and the product of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and precipitation (CAPE × P). Based on the intensity of convection and the number of lightning flashes, we simulated seven thundercloud events that occurred in Tehran between 2008 and 2013. The simulated LPI, LTI, and CAPE × P values are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively against ground‐based lighting data obtained from the world wide lightning location network (WWLLN). LPI, LTI, and CAPE × P predict the location of lightning with relatively good accuracy, although LPI outperforms LTI and CAPE × P. We also compared the simulated area‐averaged LPI, LTI, and CAPE × P against the number of lightning flashes from the WWLLN data, based on which LPI shows a better performance. Overall, LPI can be used as an effective index for the prediction of lightning. As LPI is based on cloud microphysics and LTI and CAPE × P are thermodynamic‐based methods, a better performance of LPI implies that a method based on the microphysical approach can better predict lightning. The performance of LPI, LTI, and CAPE × P is also sensitive to the horizontal resolution of model simulations, with a considerable improvement in simulations with higher horizontal resolutions.