bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focused surface plasmon polaritons coherently couple to electronic states in above-threshold electron emission
Authors: Dreher Pascal , Janoschka David , Frank Bettina , Giessen Harald , Meyer zu Heringdorf Frank-J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen an intense light field strongly interacts with the band structure of a solid, the formation of hybrid light-matter quantum states becomes possible. Examples of such Floquet-Bloch states have been reported, but engineering of the band structure using Floquet states can suffer from dissipation and decoherence. Sustaining the necessary quantum coherence of the light-matter interactions requires robust electronic states in combination with strong fields of suitable polarization and frequency. Here, we explore the quantum coherent coupling of nano-focused surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) to distinct electronic states in the band structure of a solid. We observe above-threshold electron emission from the Au(111) Shockley surface state by the absorption of up to seven SPP quanta. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy the coherence of the interaction of the SPPs with the surface state during electron emission is investigated and the process is shown to be similar to light-driven above threshold electron emission. Ultimately, our work could render SPP-based Floquet engineering in nano-optical systems feasible.
Energetic overturning flows, dynamic interocean exchanges, and ocean warming observed in the South Atlantic
Authors: Chidichimo María Paz , Perez Renellys C. , Speich Sabrina , Kersalé Marion , Sprintall Janet , Dong Shenfu , Lamont Tarron , Sato Olga T. , Chereskin Teresa K. , Hummels Rebecca , Schmid Claudia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the inception of the international South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation initiative in the 21st century, substantial advances have been made in observing and understanding the Southern Hemisphere component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we synthesize insights gained into overturning flows, interocean exchanges, and water mass distributions and pathways in the South Atlantic. The overturning circulation in the South Atlantic uniquely carries heat equatorward and exports freshwater poleward and consists of two strong overturning cells. Density and pressure gradients, winds, eddies, boundary currents, and interocean exchanges create an energetic circulation in the subtropical and tropical South Atlantic Ocean. The relative importance of these drivers varies with the observed latitude and time scale. AMOC, interocean exchanges, and climate changes drive ocean warming at all depths, upper ocean salinification, and freshening in the deep and abyssal ocean in the South Atlantic. Long-term sustained observations are critical to detect and understand these changes and their impacts.
Large variations in afforestation-related climate cooling and warming effects across short distances
Authors: Rohatyn Shani , Rotenberg Eyal , Tatarinov Fyodor , Carmel Yohay , Yakir Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate-related benefits of afforestation depend on the balance of the often-contrasting effects of biogeochemical (carbon sequestration) and biogeophysical (radiation balance) effects. These effects are known to vary at the continental scale (e.g., from boreal to tropical regions). Here, we show in a four-year study that the biogeochemical vs. biogeophysical balance in paired forested and non-forested ecosystems across short distances (approximately 200 Km) and steep aridity gradient (aridity index 0.64 to 0.18) can change dramatically. The required time for the forestation cooling effects via carbon sequestration, to surpass warming effects associated with the forests’ reduced albedo and suppressed longwave radiation, decreased from 213 years in the driest sites to 73 years in the intermediate and 43 years in the wettest sites. Climate-related benefits of forestation, previously considered at large-spatial scales, should be considered at high-spatial resolutions in climate-change mitigation programs aimed at taking advantage of the vast non-forested dry regions.
Revisiting Mt Fuji’s groundwater origins with helium, vanadium and environmental DNA tracers
Authors: Schilling O. S. , Nagaosa K. , Schilling T. U. , Brennwald M. S. , Sohrin R. , Tomonaga Y. , Brunner P. , Kipfer R. , Kato K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKnown locally as the water mountain, for millennia Japan’s iconic Mt Fuji has provided safe drinking water to millions of people via a vast network of groundwater and freshwater springs. Groundwater, which is recharged at high elevations, flows down Fuji’s flanks within three basaltic aquifers, ultimately forming countless pristine freshwater springs among Fuji’s foothills. Here we challenge the current conceptual model of Fuji being a simple system of laminar groundwater flow with little to no vertical exchange between its three aquifers. This model contrasts strongly with Fuji’s extreme tectonic instability due to its unique location on top of the only known continental trench–trench–trench triple junction, its complex geology and its unusual microbial spring water communities. On the basis of a unique combination of microbial environmental DNA, vanadium and helium tracers, we provide evidence for prevailing deep circulation and a previously unknown deep groundwater contribution to Fuji’s freshwater springs. The most substantial deep groundwater upwelling has been found along Japan’s most tectonically active region, the Fujikawa-kako Fault Zone. Our findings broaden the hydrogeological understanding of Fuji and demonstrate the vast potential of combining environmental DNA, on-site noble gas and trace element analyses for groundwater science.
High‐speed target detection based on short‐time Fourier transform and sequence reversing transform
Authors: Wang Hui , Yi Jianxin , Luo Qianqian , Liu Huiheng , Zhu Juan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis letter addresses the coherent integration problem for detecting high‐speed target. A fast coherent integration method based on the short‐time Fourier transform (STFT) and sequence reversing transform (SRT), that is, STFT‐SRT, is proposed. In this method, STFT is first employed to obtain the velocity and improve the SNR without additional calculation. After that, SRT is presented to remove range migration (RM). Finally, the Fourier transform (FT) is conducted to achieve the coherent integration. The proposed algorithm can be easily implemented by using complex multiplications and the fast FT (FFT). Both simulated and real data results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Research on potential user identification and optimal planning of the multiple time scale cloud‐based location sharing energy storage
Authors: Jiang Wei , Dong Xingyu , Su Xiaoyun , Wang Yifei , Zhang Lizong , Jiang Zhengwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCloud energy storage is considered a promising application in future power systems. It focuses on optimally leveraging the capacity of centralized large‐scale energy storage compared with the requirements of small‐scale localized users. In this paper, to satisfy the small‐ and medium‐scale timely energy storage requirement from localized users, the concept of the cloud‐based location sharing energy storage is proposed. The modular mobile energy storage system is flexibly configured and deployed at different sites to fulfil the long‐term seasonally dynamic transformer capacity increment and short‐term daily energy arbitrage based on economic values. To optimize the overall incomes of the energy storage investment, a two‐step user potential identification algorithm is proposed to discover the most valuable users at different time scales from the regional power usage profile. Then, the number/capacity optimal planning algorithm is proposed to optimally share the mobile energy storage system among users seasonally and total profits are further increased through daily energy arbitrage at less valuable seasons. Finally, the structure and dispatching strategy of the cloud‐based location sharing energy storage management system is illustrated. Case study results prove that the proposed identification algorithm can excavate the most valuable users at different time scales and the optimal planning and operation strategy is able to guarantee the overall income benefits.
Self‐adaptive electrostatic discharge performance of ZnO microvaristors doped silicone rubber composites
Authors: Sun Ya , Yuan Zhikang , Hu Jun , Huang Zhiwen , Liu Xuan , Sun Gang , Li Qi , He Jinliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the increase in applied voltage and the decrease in volume, integrated electronic modules have become electrostatic sensitive. ZnO microvaristors doped silicone rubber (SiR) composite, with electric field‐dependent conductivity, shows promising prospects for solving the electrostatic problem. In this study, 20 vol% to 50 vol% ZnO/SiR composite films, filled with 10–30 μm ZnO microvaristors, were prepared and put into the test of electrostatic discharge. Compared with the insulating and conducting materials, ZnO/SiR composites achieve the lowest initial voltage and a short time constant of electrostatic discharge. With the increase of ZnO microvaristors volume fraction, from 20% to 50%, the initial voltage and the time constant of electrostatic discharge drop from 1.78 to 0.72 kV and 3.1 ms to 0.4 μs. When the ZnO volume fraction is higher than 30%, there is no residual voltage after 0.1 s. To explore the reason behind different electrostatic discharge performances of the ZnO/SiR composites, the conductivities of the composites were measured. It is found that the break‐over voltage of the composite drops with the increase in the ZnO microvaristors volume fraction. When a high voltage impulse is applied on the ZnO/SiR film, the composite will turn to the conducting state and release the electrostatic charge adaptively so that the initial voltage can be controlled. This work supplies a novel electrostatic discharge idea for electric and electronic devices.
GAGCN: Generative adversarial graph convolutional network for non‐homogeneous texture extension synthesis
Authors: Xie Shasha , Qian Wenhua , Nie Rencan , Xu Dan , Cao Jinde 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the non‐homogeneous texture synthesis task, the overall visual characteristics should be consistent when extending the local patterns of the exemplar. The existing methods mainly focus on the local visual features of patterns but ignore the relative position features that are important for non‐homogeneous texture synthesis. Although these methods have achieved success on homogeneous textures, they cannot perform well on non‐homogeneous textures. Thus, it is desirable to model the dependence between pixels to improve the synthesis performance. To ensure synthesis results from both the local detail structure and the overall structure, this paper proposes a non‐homogeneous texture extended synthesis model (GAGCN) combining the generate adversarial network (GAN) and the graph convolutional network (GCN). The GAN learns the internal distribution of image patches, which makes the synthetic image have rich local details. The GCN learns the latent dependence between pixels according to the statistical characteristics of the image. Based on this, a novel graph similarity loss is proposed. This loss describes the latent spatial differences between the sample image and the generated image, which helps the model to better capture global features. Experiments show that our method outperforms existing methods on non‐homogeneous textures.
SOAP-GPU: Efficient spectral modeling of stellar activity using graphical processing units
Authors: Zhao Y. , Dumusque X. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Stellar activity mitigation is one of the major challenges in the detection of Earth-like exoplanets in radial velocity measurements. Several promising techniques are being developed to investigate the use of spectral time series and differentiate between stellar and planetary perturbations. In this context, developing a software that can efficiently explore the parameter space of stellar activity at the spectral level is of great importance.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to present a new version of the Spot Oscillation And Planet (SOAP) 2.0 code that is able to model stellar activity at the spectral level using graphical processing units (GPUs).
Methods. We took advantage of the computational power of GPUs to optimise the computationally expensive algorithms behind the original SOAP 2.0 code. For that purpose, we developed GPU kernels that allow for stellar activity to be modeled on any given wavelength range. In addition to the treatment of stellar activity at the spectral level, SOAP-GPU also includes a change of spectral line bisectors from center to limb. It can also take PHOENIX spectra as input to model the quiet photosphere, spots, and faculae, allowing for simulations of stellar activity for a wider space in terms of stellar properties.
Results. Benchmark calculations show that for the same accuracy, this new code improves the computational speed by a factor of 60, as compared to a modified version of SOAP 2.0 that generates spectra, when modeling stellar activity on the full visible spectral range with a resolution of R = 115 000. Although the code now includes the variation of spectral line bisector with center-to-limb angle, the effect on the derived RVs is minimal. We also show that it is not possible to fully separate the flux from the convective blueshift effect when modeling spots, due to their lower temperature and the subsequent appearance of molecular absorption in their spectra. Shown to be rather negligible for the Sun, this degeneracy between the flux and convective blueshift effect becomes more important when we move to cooler stars. However, this issue does not impact the estimation of the total effect (flux plus convection), demonstrating that users can trust this output.
Conclusions. The publicly available SOAP-GPU code allows us to efficiently model stellar activity at the spectral level, which is essential for testing further stellar activity mitigation techniques at the level of spectral time series that are not affected by other sources of noise. Besides a huge gain in performance, SOAP-GPU also includes more physics and is able to model different stars than the Sun, from F to K dwarfs, thanks to the use of the PHOENIX spectral library. However, we do note that due to the limited understanding of stellar convection and activity on other stars than the Sun, the more we move away from the solar case and the more carefully we ought to consider the output of the code.
The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky
Authors: Jones A. , de Gasperin F. , Cuciti V. , Botteon A. , Zhang X. , Gastaldello F. , Shimwell T. , Simionescu A. , Rossetti M. , Cassano R. , Akamatsu H. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Brunetti G. , Camillini L. , Di Gennaro G. , Drabent A. , Hoang D. N. , Rajpurohit K. , Natale R. , Tasse C. , van Weeren R. J. 
Published: January 2023

Context. It is well established that shock waves in the intracluster medium launched by galaxy cluster mergers can produce synchrotron emission, which is visible to us at radio frequencies as radio relics. However, the particle acceleration mechanism producing these relics is still not fully understood. It is also unclear how relics relate to radio halos, which trace merger-induced turbulence in the intracluster medium.
Aims. We aim to perform the first statistical analysis of radio relics in a mass-selected sample of galaxy clusters, using homogeneous observations.
Methods. We analysed all relics observed by the Low Frequency Array Two Metre Sky Survey Data Release 2 (LoTSS DR2) at 144 MHz, hosted by galaxy clusters in the second Planck catalogue of SZ sources (PSZ2). We measured and compared the relic properties in a uniform, unbiased way. In particular, we developed a method to describe the characteristic downstream width in a statistical manner. Additionally, we searched for differences between radio relic-hosting clusters with and without radio halos.
Results. We find that, in our sample, ∼10% of galaxy clusters host at least one radio relic. We confirm previous findings, at higher frequencies, of a correlation between the relic-cluster centre distance and the longest linear size, as well as the radio relic power and cluster mass. However, our findings suggest that we are still missing a population of low-power relics. We also find that relics are wider than theoretically expected, even with optimistic downstream conditions. Finally, we do not find evidence of a single property that separates relic-hosting clusters with and without radio halos.
Foncier irrigué et accès à l’eau dans les rizières d’Asie du Sud
Authors: Aubriot Olivia 
Published: January 2023

Cet article propose une réflexion à partir d’une relecture de mes données de terrain, au Népal et en Inde du Sud, suscitée par la notion de foncier irrigué. La première partie se penche sur la façon de penser cette notion pour les rizières. Celles-ci occupent en effet en Asie du Sud une place discriminante dans les classifications administrative et vernaculaire des terres, bousculée par l’irrigation par eau souterraine. Certaines rizières, par ailleurs, peuvent être cultivées sans irrigation grâce aux pluies de mousson, ce dont ne rendent pas compte les représentations visuelles classiques des périmètres irrigués (photo aérienne, image satellitaire, cartes de réseaux d’irrigation) qui occultent les difficultés d’accès à l’eau des riziculteurs. La notion de foncier irrigué montre alors des limites en riziculture, si les rizières non irriguées ne sont pas distinguées. Cette notion a toutefois l’avantage d’inciter à traiter des liens entre droit à l’eau et droit au foncier, objectif de la deuxième partie de l’article. Dans un contexte de pluralisme juridique, les exemples présentés illustrent la diversité de ces interactions : soit la définition du droit à l’eau est modifiée pour augmenter le foncier irrigué ; soit les interactions dynamiques entre droit à l’eau et droit à la terre font que l’eau est utilisée afin d’obtenir un droit foncier légitime. En revanche, en cas de faire valoir indirect, le statut foncier continue de compromettre l’accès à l’eau. Le statut du foncier irrigué (ou potentiellement irrigable) est important à prendre en considération pour saisir les dynamiques de gestion de l’eau.
Performances des coopératives agricoles innovantes : le cas de la valorisation de la figue de Barbarie par Nopaltec en Algérie
Authors: Boumali Noure El Imene , Mamine Fateh , Cheriet Foued , Montaigne Etienne 
Published: January 2023

Cette étude met en lumière l’impact de l’innovation sur l’orientation-marché et les performances d’une coopérative de valorisation des coproduits du figuier de barbarie en Algérie. Alors que la question des performances de l’entreprenariat collectif a été largement débattue, elle l’a été beaucoup moins pour des coopératives innovantes. Dans ce travail, nous mettons l’accent sur les performances de ce modèle d’entreprenariat fondé sur la réappropriation d’innovations techniques. Dans ce sens, notre analyse cherche à étendre la recherche empirique antérieure sur les performances des coopératives agricoles en introduisant l’orientation vers le marché et une évaluation plus globale des performances socioéconomiques des coopératives innovantes comme Nopaltec. Nos résultats portant sur les « autres » performances – rôle dans l’appropriation collective et la diffusion de l’innovation, structuration de la filière, fonctions socio-politique et territoriale de la coopérative – plaident pour une lecture élargie des performances des structures coopératives agricoles.
Judging Urgency in 343 Ectopic Pregnancies Prior to Surgery – The Importance of Transvaginal Sonographic Diagnosis of Intraabdominal Free Blood
Authors: Pape Janna , Bajka Anahita , Seifert Burkhardt , Asmis Lars , Imesch Patrick , Metzler Julian , Burkhardt Tilo , Condous George , Samartzis Eleftherios Pierre , Bajka Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives Assessing urgency in ectopic pregnancies (ECP) remains controversial since the disorder covers a large clinical spectrum. Severe conditions such as acute abdomen or hemodynamic instability are mostly related to intra-abdominal blood loss diagnosed as free fluid (FF) on transvaginal sonography (TVS). The aims of the current study were to investigate the value of FF and to assess other potentially predictive parameters for judging urgency.
Methods Retrospective cohort analysis on prospectively collected cases of proven ECP (n = 343). Demographics, clinical and laboratory parameters, and findings on TVS and laparoscopy (LSC) were extracted from the digital patient file. FF on TVS and free blood (FB) in LSC were evaluated. Low urgency was defined as FB (LSC) < 100 ml and high urgency as FB (LSC) ≥ 300 ml. The best subset of variables for the prediction of FB was selected and predictors of urgency were evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results Clinical symptoms, age, β-HCG, hemoglobin (HB) preoperative, and FF were examined in multivariate analysis for the cutoff values of 100 ml and 300 ml. FF was the only independent predictor for low and high urgency; HB preoperative was only significant for high urgency offering marginal improvement. ROC analysis revealed FF as an excellent discriminatory parameter for defining low (AUC 0.837, 95% CI 0.794–0.879) and high urgency (AUC 0.902, 95 % CI 0.860–0.945).
Conclusion Single assessment of FF on TVS is most valuable for judging urgency. However, the exact cutoff values for a low- and high-risk situation must still be defined.
Quality Control of Nitrogen Multiple Breath Washout in a Multicenter
Pediatric Asthma Study
Authors: Nitsche Catharina , Frauchiger Bettina Sarah , Thiele Dominik , Oestreich Marc-Alexander , Husstedt Berrit Liselotte , Grychtol Ruth Margarethe , Maison Nicole , Foth Svenja , Meyer Meike , Jakobs Nikolas , Bahmer Thomas , Hansen Gesine , von Mutius Erika , Kopp Matthias 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Nitrogen multiple breath washout (N2MBW) is a lung function
test increasingly used in small airway diseases. Quality criteria have not yet
been globally implemented and time-consuming retrospective overreading is
necessary. Little data has been published on children with recurrent wheeze or
asthma from multicentered studies.
Methods Children with wheeze or asthma and healthy controls were included
in the longitudinal All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE). To assess ventilation
inhomogeneity, N2MBW tests were performed in five centers from 2013 until 2020.
All N2MBW tests were centrally overread by one center. Multiple washout
procedures (trials) at the visit concluded to one test occasion. Tests were
accepted if trials were technically sound (started correctly, terminated
correctly, no leak, regular breathing pattern) and repeatable within one test
occasion. Signal misalignment was retrospectively corrected. Factors that may
impact test quality were analyzed, such as experience level.
Results N2MBW tests of n=561 participants were analyzed leading to
n=949 (68.3%) valid tests of n=1,390 in total.
Inter-center test acceptability ranged from 27.6% to 77.8%.
End-of-test criterion and leak were identified to be the most common reasons for
rejection. Data loss and uncorrectable signal misalignment led to rejection of
58% of trials in one center. In preschool children, significant
improvement of test acceptability was found longitudinally
(χ2(8)=18.6; p=0.02).
Conclusion N2MBW is feasible in a multicenter asthma study in children.
However, the quality of this time-consuming procedure is dependent on experience
level of staff in preschool children and still requires retrospective
overreading for all age groups.