bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ictal and interictalSPECTwith99mTc‐HMPAOin presurgical epilepsy. I: Predictive value and methodological considerations
Authors: Prener Martin , Drejer Veronica , Ziebell Morten , Jensen Per , Madsen Camilla Gøbel , Olsen Svitlana , Thomsen Gerda , Pinborg Lars H. , Paulson Olaf B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective study investigates the predictive value of ictal subtraction single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) co‐registered to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (SISCOM) for successful epilepsy surgery.Methods57 patients examined with SISCOM as a part of epilepsy surgery evaluation were divided into two groups based on seizure duration after tracer injection (group 1: Seizure duration above or equal to 30 s, group 2: Seizure duration under 30 s). SISCOM was compared to the surgical site and categorized as good or poor concordance. Subsequently, Odds ratios (ORs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for each group for good surgical outcome, freedom from disabling seizures.ResultsThe PPVs and ORs for good surgical outcome was 74.1% and 5.71 for group 1 and 40% and 0.22 for group 2. SISCOM had a similar positive predictive value regardless of whether the focus was in the same or neighboring lobe, but same hemisphere as the resection.ConclusionIn conclusion, the implementation of a precise definition for a well‐executed ictal SPECT scan with respect to seizure duration after injection enhances the positive predictive value (PPV) and odds ratio (OR) for successful surgical outcome, surpassing previous findings, whether the focus in resected lobe or the neighboring.
In vitro multitarget activity of sulfadiazine substituted triazenes as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and larvicidal agents
Authors: Aydin Hasan , Akocak Süleyman , Lolak Nebih , Uslu Uğur , Sait Ahmet , Korkmaz Serol , Parmaksiz Ayşe , Ceylan Onur , Aksakal Abdulbaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the strategy of preventing MDR. There is a need for new multitarget drug research and advancement to reduce the development of drug resistance in drug‐drug interactions and reduce cost and toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi‐target triazene compounds on antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities were investigated in vitro. A series of 12 novel of 1,3‐diaryltriazene‐substituted sulfadiazine (SDZ) derivatives were synthesized, and the obtained pure products characterized in detail by spectroscopic and analytic methods (FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and melting points). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives (AH1‐12) were determined by broth microdilution method. All derivatives have been evaluated in cell‐based assays for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. The larvicidal efficacy of these chemical compounds was also investigated by using Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae. Twelve 1,3‐diaryltriazene‐substituted SDZ derivatives (AH1‐12) were designed and developed as potent multitargeted compounds. Among them, the AH1 derivative showed the most antibacterial and antifungal activity. Besides, synthesized derivatives AH2, AH3, AH5, and AH7 showed higher antiviral activity than SDZ. All synthesized derivatives showed higher cytotoxic activity than SDZ. Also, they showed larvicidal activity at 72 h of the experiment. As a result, these compounds might be great leads for the development of next‐generation multitargeted agents.
Therapeutic effect of thymoquinone on brain damage caused by nonylphenol exposure in rats
Authors: Ceylan Tayfun , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Karabulut Derya , Tan Fazile Cantürk , Taşkiran Mehmet , Yakan Birkan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNonylphenol (NP), causes various harmful effects such as cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ), has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In this study, our aim is to investigate the effects of TQ on the brain damage caused by NP. Corn oil was applied to the control group. NP (100 mg/kg/day) was administered to the NP and NP + TQ groups for 21 days. TQ (5 mg/kg/day) was administered to the NP + TQ and TQ groups for 7 after 21 days. At the end of the experiment, the new object recognition test was applied to the rats and the rats were killed and their brain tissues were removed. Sections taken from brain tissues were stained with hematoxylin–eosin for histopathological evaluation. In addition, neuronal nuclei (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Cas‐3, and nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivities were evaluated in brain tissue sections. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. Comet assay was applied to determine DNA damage in cells. The results of our study showed that NP, caused behavioral disorders and damage to the cerebral cortex in rats. This damage in the form of neuron degeneration seen in the cortex was associated with apoptosis involving Cas‐3 activation, increased DNA damage, and free oxygen radicals. NP, SOD, and CAT caused a decrease in enzyme activities. In addition, the cellular protein NeuN was decreased, astrocytosis‐associated GFAP was increased, and growth factor NGF was decreased. When all our evaluations are taken together, treatment with TQ showed an ameliorative effect on the behavioral impairment and brain damage caused by NP exposure.
Cameron–Liebler sets for maximal totally isotropic flats in classical affine spaces
Authors: Guo Jun , Wan Lingyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet be the ‐dimensional classical affine space with parameter over a ‐element finite field , and be the set of all maximal totally isotropic flats in . In this paper, we discuss Cameron–Liebler sets in , obtain several equivalent definitions and present some classification results.
Hybrid fractional laser facial resurfacing: A comparison between a single treatment at high settings versus multiple treatments at low to moderate settings
Authors: Shenhav Leah T. , Shehadeh Waseem , Alcotzer Inbar , Artzi Ofir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesFractional laser treatments for facial skin rejuvenation is an evolving field with the increase of innovative technologies. Typically, better results are achieved by using more aggressive approaches although this is accompanied by an increased risk. The demand for a modality that combines efficacy with minimal downtime and risk of adverse events led to the development of a hybrid laser, which delivers a fractional treatment of ablative CO2 and nonablative 1570 nm lasers, simultaneously. This study compares the clinical results, side effects, and downtime profile of the hybrid laser in multiple low‐to‐moderate‐setting treatments versus a single high‐setting treatment in the facial area.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study included 44 patients who underwent 1–3 treatments with the hybrid laser for facial rejuvenation between the years 2020–2022. The patients were divided into two groups based on the number of treatments they had received (Group A; single high‐setting treatment, Group B; 2–3 low‐to‐moderate setting treatments). Three independent nontreating physicians evaluated the objective improvement by assessing the patients' standardized clinical photographs before and after the treatments, using three different scales. Treatment data, adverse events, and patients' satisfaction in each group were also reviewed.ResultsA superiority to 2–3 low‐to‐moderate setting treatments (Group B) was found in most of the evaluated scales. Patients' satisfaction was significantly higher in Group B, and the average downtime was significantly lower: 4.3 ± 1.6 days versus 7.3 ± 2.3 days in Group A. The expected treatment effects were significantly milder in severity in Group B as graded by the patients, and no adverse events were reported in this group. An average overall improvement of 51%–75% according to Global Esthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was found in both groups.ConclusionsThe new hybrid laser generates remarkable clinical outcomes in facial rejuvenation. Performing several treatments at mild to moderate settings can lead to a safer and more favorable procedure while maintaining high efficacy and achieving higher patients' satisfaction.
Integrating assemblage structure and habitat mapping data into the design of a multispecies reef fish survey
Authors: Switzer Theodore S. , Keenan Sean F. , Thompson Kevin A. , Shea Colin P. , Knapp Anthony R. , Campbell Matthew D. , Noble Brandi , Gardner Chris , Christman Mary C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Since 2010, three spatially disjunct reef fish video surveys have provided fishery-independent data critical to the assessment and management of reef fishes in the Gulf of Mexico. Although analytical approaches have recently been developed to integrate data from these surveys into a single measure of relative abundance and size composition, a more parsimonious approach would be to integrate survey efforts under a single Gulf-wide survey design. Accordingly, we conducted a retrospective analysis of historical video- and habitat-mapping data to develop a novel stratified random sampling design for conducting surveys of natural and artificial reef habitats.

Methods
We conducted a series of classification and regression tree analyses to delineate both spatial and habitat strata, and conducted simulations to assess the performance of an optimized survey design.

Result
Spatially, classification and regression tree results identified three depth strata (10–25 m, &gt;25–50 m, &gt;50–180 m) and three regional strata (north-central Gulf, Big Bend, southwest Florida) in the eastern Gulf. For both natural and artificial reefs, habitat strata were delineated based on a combination of relative relief (low, medium, high) and size of the individual reef feature, although reef scale differed markedly between natural (&lt;100 m2, 100–1000 m2, &gt;1000 m2) and artificial habitats (&lt;25 m2, 25–100 m2, &gt;100 m2). To optimize effort among sampling strata, effort was allocated proportionally based on a combination of habitat availability and managed-species richness for each stratum. Simulation results indicated that relative median biases were &lt;10% and relative median absolute deviations &lt;30% on estimates of abundance for most species examined on natural reefs under the optimal design, except Greater Amberjack Seriola dumerili. These measures of bias and imprecision were similar or higher for most species simulated using simple random and stratified random survey designs. Estimated relative median bias and relative median absolute deviations were notably higher for artificial reef surveys.

Conclusion
Based on these results, survey efforts were integrated as the Gulf Fishery Independent Survey of Habitat and Ecosystem Resources (G-FISHER) in 2020.
Persistent post–COVID‐19 neuromuscular symptoms
Authors: Abrams Rory M. C. , Zhou Lan , Shin Susan C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeuromuscular symptoms may develop or persist after resolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Besides residual sensorimotor symptoms associated with acute neuromuscular complications of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), such as Guillain–Barré syndrome, critical illness neuromyopathy, and rhabdomyolysis, patients may report persistent autonomic symptoms, sensory symptoms, and muscle symptoms in the absence of these acute complications, including palpitations, orthostatic dizziness and intolerance, paresthesia, myalgia, and fatigue. These symptoms may be associated with long COVID, also known as post–COVID‐19 conditions or postacute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which may significantly impact quality of life. Managing these symptoms represents a challenge for health‐care providers. Recent advances have identified small‐fiber neuropathy as a potential etiology that may underlie autonomic dysfunction and paresthesia in some long COVID patients. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying myalgia and fatigue remain elusive and need to be investigated. Herein we review the current state of knowledge regarding the evaluation and management of patients with persistent post–COVID‐19 neuromuscular symptoms.
Perspectives of on‐farm biosecurity and disease prevention among selected pig veterinarians and pig farmers in Sweden
Authors: Gröndal Hedvig , Tuominen Krista , Sternberg Lewerin Susanna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBiosecurity is important in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in animal production. Previous studies have identified a disparity between the biosecurity recommendations provided by veterinarians and the actual practices implemented by farmers. This study compared group discussions with a few key actors among Swedish pig veterinarians and farmers on pig farm biosecurity.MethodsTwo focus group discussions were conducted, one with five Swedish pig veterinarians and one with three pig farmers, to explore their views on pig farm biosecurity and efficient biosecurity measures. The discussions were analysed to identify differences and similarities in how biosecurity was perceived.ResultsThe study identified differences between the veterinarians and pig farmers in how they perceived good biosecurity and the level of biosecurity in Swedish pig herds. The veterinarians perceived that adhering strictly to the farming system and its barriers was essential for good biosecurity. The biosecurity in the pig farms was often considered inadequate. The veterinarians described difficulties in biosecurity‐related communication with the farmers. The pig farmers valued the flexibility of the farming system over strict barriers and described that the level of biosecurity was good in Swedish pig herds. However, both groups also shared similar views regarding the challenges in farm biosecurity. They highlighted that biosecurity measures with proven efficacy are important for farmer motivation.ConclusionsThis limited study suggested that different perspectives on biosecurity can contribute to communication difficulties between pig farmers and veterinarians. Acknowledging both the differences and similarities of the different perspectives may help improve cooperation and communication in biosecurity‐related questions.
Substance Use
Authors: Schleim Stephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter starts out with a theoretical discussion of the meaning of “drug”. As it turns out, three different kinds of psychoactive drugs can be distinguished. Central to this distinction is the understanding of appropriate medical use, which is subject to change. Historical examples illustrate how our personal and also governments’ ways to think about drugs changed since the nineteenth century. In the past, colonial authorities were the biggest drug traders and countries even waged war to enforce open markets. Cocaine, opium, and nitrous oxide (laughing gas) are addressed in detail. The legal regulation of that last substance even changed as the book was being written. The framework for people’s instrumental substance use is then introduced. It distinguishes different reasons for which drugs can be instrumentalized. Several common substances are described subsequently, addressing their respective risks and benefits. The final section presents important values that can guide moral decisions about drug use.
Complete Characterization of Polyhedral Self-Affine Tiles
Authors: Protasov Vladimir Yu. , Zaitseva Tatyana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA self-affine tile is a compact set $$G\subset {\mathbb R}^d$$

G
⊂

R

d

that admits a partition (tiling) by parallel shifts of the set $$M^{-1}G$$

M

-
1

G

, where M is an expanding matrix. We find all self-affine tiles which are polyhedral sets, i.e., unions of finitely many convex polyhedra. It is shown that there exists an infinite family of such polyhedral sets, not affinely equivalent to each other. A special attention is paid to integral self-affine tiles with standard digit sets, when the matrix M and the translation vectors are integer. Applications to the approximation theory and to the functional analysis are discussed.
The effect of thyroxine (T4) and goitrogen on growth, liver, thyroid, and gonadal development of red tilapia (O. mossambicus × O. urolepis hornorum)
Authors: Ismail Rania F. , Assem Samira S. , Sharaf Hossam E. R. , Zeitoun Ashraf A. M. , Srour Tarek M. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study provides comprehensive results on the growth, thyroid, liver, and gonadal condition, maturity, and sex ratio in red tilapia exposed to exogenous thyroxine and goitrogen. One-gram red tilapia fingerlings were reared in three groups: control, thyroxine (T4) (10 nM), and goitrogen (sodium perchlorate, 30 mg/L) for 30 days, followed by 30 days without treatment. After the first 30 days of treatment, liver enzymes and whole-body T4 and T3 were assessed. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), maturity stages and sex ratio were examined. Final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate were also measured. Results revealed insignificant differences among groups in FBW, WG, SGR, and GSI, but the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the goitrogen group significantly increased. Exogenous thyroxine significantly increased whole-body T4. Liver enzymes were not affected. Thyroid follicles of the thyroxine-treated fish showed large thyroid follicles, whereas the goitrogen-treated fish showed degenerated and negligible thyroid follicles. Liver tissue of the thyroxine-treated fish group displayed a few fat vacuoles, while perchlorate-treated fish showed hydrophobic degenerated hepatocytes. At the end of 60 days, the thyroxine treatment significantly increased FBW, WG, SGR, female GSI, and male hepatosomatic index (HSI). Perchlorate and thyroxine exposure, respectively, skewed sex ratios toward males and females. Exogenous T4 enhanced the maturity stages of both females and males, while perchlorate exposure delayed their gonadal ripening. These results validated the significant role of T4 during early life of red tilapia as it could improve the growth and maturity, and affect its sex ratio, while T4 insufficiency could alter these factors.
Environmental susceptibility for all: A data-driven approach suggests individual differences in domain-general and domain-specific patterns of environmental susceptibility
Authors: Markovitch Noam , Hart Yuval , Knafo-Noam Ariel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow we are influenced by our environment is a fundamental question in developmental science. Theories and empirical research have claimed that some individuals are susceptible to environmental influences and others are much less susceptible. The present study addressed four questions: (1) Is environmental susceptibility a continuous or categorical construct? (2) Is environmental susceptibility unidimensional (i.e., domain general) or multidimensional (i.e., domain specific)? (3) Are there genetic contributions to individual differences in environmental susceptibility? (4) What are the temperamental characteristics of different environmental susceptibility patterns? We used child- and mother-report data from a sample of 11-year-old twins (N = 1,507) and applied a novel data-driven approach to assess an environmental susceptibility space, based on simultaneous associations between multiple environmental exposures (18 measures relating to parenting, parent, peer, and twin relationships) and developmental outcomes (10 measures relating to empathy, prosocial behavior, aggression, and self-esteem). The results suggest that the environmental susceptibility space we assessed is better conceptualized as continuous and multidimensional. Different children showed susceptibility to different contexts and variation in domain-general versus domain-specific patterns. A comparison of distances between monozygotic and dizygotic twins within the space demonstrated genetic contributions. Finally, susceptibility patterns could not be differentiated based on a specific temperament trait, but rather related to temperament profiles.
Navigating the text generation revolution: Traditional data-to-text NLG companies and the rise of ChatGPT
Authors: Dale Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSince the release of ChatGPT at the end of November 2022, generative AI has been talked about endlessly in both the technical press and the mainstream media. Large language model technology has been heralded as many things: the disruption of the search engine, the end of the student essay, the bringer of disinformation … but what does it mean for commercial providers of earlier iterations of natural language generation technology? We look at how the major players in the space are responding, and where things might go in the future.
Anatomical structures, cell types, and biomarkers of the healthy human blood vasculature
Authors: Boppana Avinash , Lee Sujin , Malhotra Rajeev , Halushka Marc , Gustilo Katherine S , Quardokus Ellen M. , Herr Bruce W. , Börner Katy , Weber Griffin M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMore than 150 scientists from 17 consortia are collaborating on an international project to build a Human Reference Atlas, which maps all 37 trillion cells in the healthy adult human body. The initial release of this atlas provided hierarchical lists of the anatomical structures, cell types, and biomarkers in 11 organs. Here, we describe the methods we used as part of this initiative to build the first open, computer-readable, and comprehensive database of the adult human blood vasculature, called the Human Reference Atlas-Vasculature Common Coordinate Framework (HRA-VCCF). It includes 993 vessels and their branching connections, 10 cell types, and 10 biomarkers. With this paper we are releasing additional details on vessel types and subtypes, branching sequence, anastomoses, portal systems, microvasculature, functional tissue units, mappings to regions vessels supply or drain, geometric properties of vessels, and links to 3D reference objects. Future versions will add variants and connections to the lymph vasculature; and, it will iteratively expand and improve the database as additional experimental data become available through the participating consortia.
Enhancement in electrical conductivity of liquid crystals by graphene metal oxide composites
Authors: Khodaee M. , Dalir N. , Feghhi F. , Ansari N. , Mohammadimasoudi M. , Goudarzi A. , Nasiri A. F. , Kolahdouz M. , Mohseni SM. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnhancing the electrical conductivity of liquid crystal (LC) circumvents challenges for application in advanced electronic components. Toward this, using additives made of different nanostructures that could result in functional LCs is suggested. In this paper, various concentrations of graphene (Gr)/metal-oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposite (GMN) (0.0001–1 w%) were added to E7 nematic LC. We found that the role of anisotropic Gr flakes, their edges as well as surface-decorated-metal-oxide-additives have significant impact on electrical properties of E7. A range of appropriate additives of such a nanocomposite enhances the electrical conductivity of LCs. This effect can be traced through the decrease in the formation of GMN aggregates in the E7 and increase in the electrostatic field at the edges of the Gr sheets. Moreover, the presence of metal-oxide nanoclusters due to the presence of oxygen vacancies and defects facilitates the construction of conductive network for improving the charge transfer pathways and contributes to a stronger interaction of the Gr surface with charged species. These factors can provide Gr layers as dipole moments and lead to signal propagation in the dielectric medium. Our finding conveys a pathway toward significant enhancement of electrical conductivity in the LC family which can be useful for functional applications.