bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photodegradation of Tetracycline under UV‐Visible Light with a Bi2O3/TiO2 Composite
Authors: Nong Linh Xuan , Nguyen Vinh Huu , Lee Taeyoon , Bach Long Giang , Nguyen Trinh Duy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBi2O3/TiO2 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method. Characterization using X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV‐visible diffuse reflectance spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy showed excellent photodegradation of tetracycline under UV‐visible light, compared to Bi2O3 or TiO2. This was due to reduced electron‐hole recombination in the Bi2O3/TiO2 composite, as confirmed by photoluminescence characterization. The fabrication of semiconductor composites holds great promise for enhancing the photocatalytic performance, and Bi2O3/TiO2 is a prime example with exciting prospects for practical applications in photocatalysis.
Isolated and solvated chiroptical behavior in conformationally flexible butanamines
Authors: Lemler Paul M. , Craft Clayton L. , Pollok Corina H. , Regan Thomas P. , Vaccaro Patrick H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe nonresonant optical activity of two highly flexible aliphatic amines, (2R)‐3‐methyl‐2‐butanamine (R‐MBA) and (2R)‐(3,3)‐dimethyl‐2‐butanamine (R‐DMBA), has been probed under isolated and solvated conditions to examine the roles of conformational isomerism and to explore the influence of extrinsic perturbations. The optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) measured in six solvents presented uniformly negative rotatory powers over the 320–590 nm region, with the long‐wavelength magnitude of chiroptical response growing nearly monotonically as the dielectric constant of the surroundings diminished. The intrinsic specific optical rotation,
(in deg dm−1 [g/mL]−1), extracted for ambient vapor‐phase samples of R‐MBA [−11.031(98) and −2.29 (11)] and R‐DMBA [−9.434 (72) and −1.350 (48)] at 355 and 633 nm were best reproduced by counterintuitive solvents of high polarity (yet low polarizability) like acetonitrile and methanol. Attempts to interpret observed spectral signatures quantitatively relied on the linear‐response frameworks of density‐functional theory (B3LYP, cam‐B3LYP, and dispersion‐corrected analogs) and coupled‐cluster theory (CCSD), with variants of the polarizable continuum model (PCM) deployed to account for the effects of implicit solvation. Building on the identification of several low‐lying equilibrium geometries (nine for R‐MBA and three for R‐DMBA), ensemble‐averaged ORD profiles were calculated at T = 300 K by means of the independent‐conformer ansatz, which enabled response properties predicted for the optimized structure of each isomer to be combined through Boltzmann‐weighted population fractions derived from corresponding relative internal‐energy or free‐energy values, the latter of which stemmed from composite CBS‐APNO and G4 analyses. Although reasonable accord between theory and experiment was realized for the isolated (vapor‐phase) species, the solution‐phase results were less satisfactory and tended to degrade progressively as the solvent polarity increased. These trends were attributed to solvent‐mediated changes in structural parameters and energy metrics for the transition states that separate and putatively isolate the equilibrium conformations supported by the ground electronic potential‐energy surface, with the resulting displacement of barrier locations and/or decrease of barrier heights compromising the underlying premise of the independent‐conformer ansatz.
N‐doped Mesoporous Carbon Loaded Co Nanoparticles as Highly Effective Non‐noble Metal Electrocatalysts Towards Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Hua Yani , Yin Xiong , Liu Jiamei , Gao Zhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeveloping non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with low cost and advanced catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance for the large‐scale commercial application of fuel cells. In this work, an N‐doped mesoporous carbon supported Co nanoparticle (Co/NC) has been innovatively designed by a facile pyrolysis method with a nitrogen‐containing organic ligand as nitrogen and carbon sources by forming a complex with Co2+ to prevent the aggregation of Co nanoparticles during the carbonization process. The Co/NC exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR activity, including a positive redox peak potential (0.78 V), onset potential (0.90 V), and half‐wave potential (0.78 V) with electron transfer number approximately of 4.02. Co/NC performs long‐term stability and has a stronger tolerance to methanol than 20% Pt/C. Furthermore, the calculated Bader charges and the charge density differences clearly demonstrate the strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) for Co/NC catalyst, which induces the change of electron structure on the Co/NC surface and is conducive to enhancing its catalytic performance. The outstanding ORR activity of Co/NC is ascribed to its unique property of prompt electron transfer, large specific surface area, and synergistic effect between Co nanoparticles and NC substrates.
Production of Humanized Mice through Stem Cell Transfer
Authors: Phelps Cameron , Huey Devra D. , Niewiesk Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of “humanized” mice has become a prominent tool for translational animal studies of human diseases. Immunodeficient mice can be humanized by injections of human umbilical cord stem cells. The engraftment of these cells and their development into human lymphocytes has been made possible by the development of novel severely immunodeficient mouse strains. Proven protocols for the generation and analysis of humanized mice in the NSG mouse background are presented here. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Human umbilical stem cell engraftment of neonatal immunodeficient miceBasic Protocol 2: Human umbilical stem cell engraftment of 4‐week‐old immunodeficient miceSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of human umbilical stem cellsSupport Protocol 2: Submandibular blood collection from humanized mice and analysis of peripheral blood via flow cytometry
Digital transformation, financing constraints, and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance
Authors: Yang Yang , Han Jinmian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigital transformation is globally pervasive, and exploring how it can shape enterprises' sustainable development is significant. Using the panel data of 710 listed corporates in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper empirically investigates the impact of digital transformation on corporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) performance with the fixed effect model and the SYS‐GMM method. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly improves corporate ESG performance, especially environmental and social performance. A looser financing constraint (FC) environment will make the improvements in ESG performance from digital transformation more visible. Among corporates with low FCs, private corporates, and non‐technical corporates, digital transformation has a more noticeable effect on improving ESG performance by easing FCs. Our research presents implications for policymakers and business decision‐makers to achieve alignment between corporate digitalization and sustainability.
Why do some glucose‐lowering agents improve non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease whereas others do not? A narrative review in search of a unifying hypothesis
Authors: Ciccarelli Gea , Di Giuseppe Gianfranco , Cinti Francesca , Moffa Simona , Mezza Teresa , Giaccari Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms. Since insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic alterations are common to both conditions, almost all glucose‐lowering agents which improve IR have also been studied in patients with NAFLD. Some have shown great efficacy, others none. Thus, the mechanisms behind the efficacy of these drugs in improving hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and eventually fibrosis remain controversial. Glycaemic control improves T2D, but probably has limited effects on NAFLD, as all glucose‐lowering agents ameliorate glucose control but only a few improve NAFLD features. In contrast, drugs that either improve adipose tissue function, reduce lipid ingestion, or increase lipid oxidation are particularly effective in NAFLD. We therefore hypothesise that improved free fatty acid metabolism may be the unifying mechanism behind the efficacy of some glucose‐lowering agents on NAFLD and may represent the key to NAFLD treatment.
Mitochondrial genome comparison reveals the evolution of cnidarians
Authors: Feng Hui , Lv Sitong , Li Rong , Shi Jing , Wang Jianxing , Cao Pinglin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCnidarians are the most primitive metazoans, but their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood, although recent studies present several phylogenetic hypotheses. Here, we collected 266 complete cnidarian mitochondrial genomes and re‐evaluated the phylogenetic relationships between the major lineages. We described the gene rearrangement patterns of Cnidaria. Anthozoans had significantly greater mitochondrial genome size and lower A + T content than medusozoans. Most of the protein‐coding genes in anthozoans such asCOX 13,ATP6, andCYTBdisplayed a faster rate of evolution based on selection analysis. There were 19 distinct patterns of mitochondrial gene order, including 16 unique gene orders in anthozoans and 3 mtDNA gene orders pattern in medusozoans, were identified among cnidarians. The gene order arrangement suggested that a linearized mtDNA structure may be more conducive to Medusozoan mtDNA stability. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the monophyly of the Anthozoa was strongly supported compared to previous mitochondrial genome‐based analyses rather than octocorals forming a sister group relationship with medusozoans. In addition, Staurozoa were more closely related to Anthozoa than to Medusozoa. In conclusion, these results largely support the traditional phylogenetic view of the relationships of cnidarians and provide new insights into the evolutionary processes for studying the most ancient animal radiations.
Legacy effects of intensified drought on the soil microbiome in a mesic grassland
Authors: Vilonen Leena L. , Hoosein Shabana , Smith Melinda D. , Trivedi Pankaj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe soil microbiome response to global change drivers remains largely unclassified, with current studies showing contrasting results to several global change drivers. One such driver, drought, is increasing in severity and frequency due to climate change. Further, legacy effects, or long‐lasting impacts after drought has subsided, could have lasting impacts on the soil microbiome with important consequences for ecosystem functioning. Thus, our study aimed to understand how the soil microbiome responds after a severe, prolonged drought and whether legacy effects persist post‐drought. We measured soil microbial community response in a mesic grassland for two years after a four‐year experimental drought in a native tallgrass prairie. The experimental drought was imposed either (1) chronically by reducing each growing season rainfall event by 66% or (2) intensely by completely eliminating growing season rainfall until an ~45% reduction in mean annual rainfall (climatic average) was achieved. The bacterial community showed no legacies in the first season post‐drought in response to either chronic or intense drought but showed an increased abundance of Verrucomicrobia and decreased richness in both treatments in the second growing season after the drought treatments ended. In the first and second post‐drought growing seasons, we found small differences in beta diversity between the control and intense drought treatment for fungal communities but not for the chronic drought treatment. Further, we found that the two main phyla of fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, showed reduced relative abundance post‐drought in the intense drought treatment. Overall, few legacies in soil microbial communities persisted after a four‐year experimentally induced drought. However, our results show that the nature of the drought—chronic versus intense—can differentially impact fungal versus bacterial short‐term legacies. These results suggest that the soil microbiome is for the most part drought resistant (responds little during drought) and/or resilient (quickly recovers post‐drought, since a study at the same site found that drought impacted the bacterial community) in this mesic grassland.
Development of a short‐term solar irradiance forecasting using satellite image in combination with numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Hashimoto Atsushi , Yoshimoto Katsuhisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA short‐term solar irradiance forecasting method has been developed to provide highly accurate prediction, using satellite image prediction model in combination with numerical weather prediction model. This method was applied and evaluated using the solar irradiance observational site at the CRIEPI Akagi Testing Center (Gunma Prefecture, Japan). Based on historical forecasting and observation datasets at JMA observation sites in the computational domain, the best blending ratio between the satellite image prediction model and the numerical weather prediction model was selected and used. The developed method has shown high accuracy. Compared to satellite image forecasting, accuracy results averaged between three and 6 h of lead‐time showed improvements in the RMSE by 44% for the before‐sunrise case, 20% for the after‐sunrise case, and 8% for the noon to sunset case.
Eating‐induced seizures: A semiological sign of the right temporal pole
Authors: Tena‐Cucala Raquel , Sala‐Padró Jacint , Jaraba Sònia , Hernández Guillermo , Fernández‐Coello Alejandro , Rosselló Aleix , Camins Àngels , Naval‐Baudin Pablo , Fernández‐Viñas Montserrat , Rodríguez‐Bel Laura , Reynes Gabriel , Falip Mercè 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveEating‐induced seizures (EIS) are a rare form of reflex seizures. The objective of this study was to report a series of cases of EIS involving patients admitted to our epilepsy unit, and to analyze the clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment response of this type of infrequent seizure.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients diagnosed with epilepsy with eating‐induced seizures between 2008 and 2020.ResultsWe included eight patients (six women) with mean age 54.75 years (range: 40–79), and mean age at epilepsy onset 30.75 years (range: 9–58 years). EIS were triggered during a meal in 5/8 (at dinner 1/8, at breakfast in 1/8, and without time preference in 3/8), by a certain flavor in 1/8, by eating different textures or drinking soft drinks in 1/8, and by slicing food in 1/8. All patients suffered nonreflex seizures and 3/8 other types of reflex seizures. In 6/8 of patients, EIS originated in the right hemisphere. In 5/8, the EIS progressed to impaired awareness with oromandibular automatisms. In 6/8, the epilepsy was drug‐resistant. Temporopolar encephalocele was the most frequent etiology, in 4/8. Three of the eight underwent surgical treatment, with Engel IA 1 year in 3/3. Three of the eight were treated with vagal stimulation therapy, with McHugh A 1 year in 2/3.SignificanceIn our series, eating‐induced seizures were observed in patients with focal epilepsy. It was frequently drug‐resistant and started predominantly in the right hemisphere, due to temporal pole involvement in half of the patients.
Identification of two terpenoids that accumulate in Chinese water chestnut in response to fresh‐cut processing
Authors: Nie Hui , Luo Yanghe , Huang Shuangquan , Mo Yuwei , Huang Zhenli , Liao Yuemei , Jiang Lirui , Cai Wen , Song Mubo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a form of vegetable in China, freshly cut corms of Chinese water chestnuts (Eleocharis dulcis) are well received by consumers. Few studies have investigated the metabolites present in fresh‐cut E. dulcis, particularly during the storage stage. Two compounds, triterpenoids and apocarotenoids, were identified in fresh‐cut E. dulcis during the late storage period using thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The content of these two compounds gradually increased in the surface tissue of fresh‐cut E. dulcis during storage. Moreover, the transcript levels of 10 genes involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis and five genes involved in carotenoid precursor biosynthesis were evaluated via quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Expression of the rate‐limiting enzyme‐coding genes CwDXS and CwHMGS was significantly induced by wounding. CwMYC and CwbHLH18, which belong to bHLH transcription factors (TFs) IIIe and VIa subgroup, were isolated from E. dulcis corm. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CwMYC and CwbHLH18 grouped with other terpenoid‐regulated bHLHs, and their transcript levels were strongly induced after fresh‐cut processing. These results suggested that the biosynthesis of terpenoids and apocarotenoids in fresh‐cut E. dulcis strongly depended on the transcriptional regulation of structural genes involved in the methylerythritol 4‐phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathways. However, the complex secondary metabolism of fresh‐cut E. dulcis during late storage requires further investigation.
Maasai mother's knowledge on complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of children aged 6–24 months in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania: A case study of Naitolia village
Authors: Binamungu Jovin , Kimera Sharadhuli I. , Mkojera Beatha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite Tanzania's achievement in reducing childhood problems, undernutrition is still a problem. Little is known about how mothers' knowledge on complementary feeding practice affects their children nutritional status. Therefore, the study determined how nutritional status of Maasai children aged 6–24 months is related to their mothers or caregivers' knowledge on complementary feeding. A semistructured questionnaire was used in analytical cross‐sectional study including 286 Maasai mothers and their 6–24‐month‐old children. A convenient and snowball sampling were employed in choosing households and mothers. Using SPSS version 20 and ENA for SMART software, demographic variables, mother's complementary feeding knowledge and practices, and anthropometric data were examined. Respondents were mostly young female aged 29 ± 9.5 years, married (89.2%), housewives (88.8%), with no formal education (39.1%). Maasai mothers (51.1%) introduced complementary foods at 4 months. Of all children, 75.2% did not attain minimum acceptable diet, whereas 66.1% and 57.3% did not meet minimum number of meals per day and recommended variety of foods, respectively. Based on complementary feeding practices, underweight was associated with timely introduction of complementary foods (p = .000), minimum dietary diversity (p = .001), and minimum acceptable diet (p = .001). Stunting was associated with minimum acceptable diet (p = .0027). Regarding mother's knowledge, underweight was associated with breastfeeding duration (p = .000) and meals adequacy (p = .014). Wasting was associated with breastfeeding duration (p = .027). Maasai mothers' weaning practices were unsatisfactory and children's nutritional status was poor. Children's nutritional status was significantly associated with mother's understanding on complementary feeding, which was only somewhat adequate.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial evaluating the safety of excessive administration of kaempferol aglycone
Authors: Akiyama Minoru , Mizokami Tsubasa , Ito Hikaru , Ikeda Yasutaka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKaempferol (KMP) is an important flavonoid in many fruits and vegetables. Preclinical studies on KMP have reported its pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, myocardial protective, and neuroprotective effects. Additionally, some epidemiological studies have revealed a negative association between the consumption of KMP‐containing foods and the risk of developing several disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, although a large body of literature has demonstrated the benefits of KMP supplementation, there are no reports of clinical trials evaluating the safety of KMP aglycone administration or KMP aglycone‐rich food consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of a high dose of KMP aglycone by administrating KMP aglycone‐containing supplements to healthy adults. This study had a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design and a 4‐week duration. Participants were randomly allocated to the KMP (n = 24) or placebo (n = 24) group. For 4 weeks, the KMP group received a capsule containing 50‐mg KMP daily, a dose approximately five times higher than the estimated human dietary intake. The placebo group received a capsule containing cornstarch‐based powder daily. The general toxicity parameters were evaluated by examining the characteristics of the participants, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, general urinalysis, qualitative urine tests, and adverse events. No clinical changes were observed in anthropometric and blood pressure measurements or blood and urine parameters in the KMP group compared to those in the placebo group. Furthermore, no adverse events owing to KMP aglycone administration occurred. The study results revealed that the consumption of 50‐mg KMP aglycone daily for 4 weeks is safe in healthy adults.
Numerische Untersuchungen zur Standsicherheit in der tiefen Gleitfuge
Authors: Fellin Wolfgang , Daxer Hans‐Peter , Tschuchnigg Franz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird für die Standsicherheit in der tiefen Gleitfuge einer einfach verankerten Baugrubenwand ein Vergleich mit drei Methoden an einem Beispiel durchgeführt: 1) Herkömmliche Methoden der Statik (mit verschiedenen Definitionen für die Sicherheit), 2) Finite‐Elemente‐Methode mit Reduktion der Scherfestigkeit, 3) statisches und kinematisches Kollapstheorem in Finiter‐Elemente‐Implementierung. Die beiden untersuchten Finite‐Elemente‐Methoden liefern für das gewählte Beispiel eines einfach verankerten Baugrubenverbaus ähnliche globale Sicherheitsfaktoren wie die Methoden der Statik bei einer Sicherheitsdefinition nach Nachweisverfahren 2. Mit der Sicherheitsdefinition nach Kranz folgen deutlich höhere Sicherheiten. Mit beiden Finite‐Elemente‐Methoden können Ausnutzungsgrade im Sinne des Eurocodes ermittelt werden, die in dem gezeigten Beispiel ähnlich, aber leicht konservativer sind als die mittels eines Nachweisverfahrens 2 ermittelten Ausnutzungsgrade. Die gezeigten Untersuchungen sind ein weiteres Indiz dafür, dass moderne numerische Methoden gut in der Bemessung eingesetzt werden können.