bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Status Evaluation of River Training Works Based on the Improved DS Evidence Theory
Authors: Jiang Zhonglian , Chu Xiao , Yu Zhen , Guo Jianqun , Chu Xiumin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA large number of river training works have been built in the inland waterway regulation projects to improve ship navigation conditions. However, water damages to river training works happen frequently in practice. Technical status evaluation of river training works is regarded as a fundamental content of inland waterway maintenance. Due to the various influencing factors and complex mechanisms, the content involved in the standard files is recognized as qualitative and no quantitative evaluation method is recommended so far. The technical status of river training works is currently evaluated through on-site investigation which is time-consuming and individual-dependent. By means of multi-source sensors, massive status data of river training works could be obtained instantaneously. Study on the technical evaluation model based on the multi-source information fusion theory attracts more attention in recent years. The classical DS evidence theory could fail as evidence conflict occurs. Thus, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is calculated and utilized to update the probability distribution in the present study. A novel technical status evaluation model based on the improved DS evidence theory is established. The model is further verified through three case studies of traditional river training works (spur dike and flexible mattress belt) in the Yangtze River, China. The model outputs are consistent with the technical survey reports as well as the published research article. Quantitative and accurate evaluation of river training works could be accomplished by applying the proposed evaluation model. Moreover, the model could be embedded in the Inland Electronic Chart Display and Information System. The present study would provide theoretical basis for inland waterway maintenance and infrastructure monitoring in the future.
Shoreside Power at Berths for Inland Navigation Vessels – How to Make Available a Harmonised System of Shoreside Power Access on the Rhine to Reduce Air and Noise Pollution
Authors: Wisselmann Raphaël , Kempmann Kai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (CCNR) is an international organisation that exercises an essential regulatory role in the navigation of the Rhine. It is active in the technical, legal, economic and environmental fields. In all its areas of action, its work is guided by the efficiency of transport on the Rhine, safety, social considerations, and respect for the environment. Many of the CCNR’s activities now reach beyond the Rhine and are directly concerned with European navigable waterways more generally.So as to take into particular account the challenges of climate change, in 2018 the transport ministers of the Member States of the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (Germany, Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland) signed a declaration, the so-called Mannheim Declaration, to reassert the objective of largely eliminating greenhouse gases and other pollutants by 2050 and to task the CCNR to develop a roadmap to achieve these goals. These goals that are intended to protect the environment and the climate concern not only inland navigation vessels’ propulsion systems but also the on-board power supply for operating machinery, for example when at berth.Last but not least, the conflicts over berths on the Rhine in city centres demonstrate that joint efforts are required to reduce or largely eliminate both pollutant and noise emissions. Supplying inland navigation vessels with shore power can play an important role in reducing emissions and noise and helps achieve the objectives of the Mannheim Declaration, while also securing attractive city centre berths for future generations of boatmen. Together with its stakeholders, the CCNR works on a regular basis to identify technical and regulatory gaps in standards and provisions, and proposes activities that aim at a harmonised implementation of shoreside power infrastructure on the Rhine.
Simulation Study to Assess the Maximum Dimensions of Inland Ships on the River Seine in Paris
Authors: Mansuy Marc , Candries Maxim , Eloot Katrien , Page Sebastien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTraversing the river Seine in Paris is challenging for inland navigation vessels due to the density and diversity of local traffic and the variety of manoeuvres to be encountered in a confined environment. The waterway authority, Voies Navigables de France (VNF), commissioned a study to assess the relevance of the current regulations when present and future vessels of varying types and dimensions cross Paris. This paper describes the use of fast time and real time simulations to assess the maximum dimensions of ships crossing the Seine in Paris. In a first phase, fast time simulations were executed with a track controller, which allowed to identify bottlenecks on the full length (12 km) of the river Seine in Paris. Based on those results, critical scenarios were selected to be tested on a full mission bridge simulator by skippers familiar with the crossing of Paris. Inspired by PIANC INCOM WG 141 Detailed Design and Safety and Ease Approaches, the main challenges related to the simulation setup and the assessment methodology are presented and discussed in this paper. The simulations have shown that the main bottlenecks are related to the succession of passages under narrow bridges with non-aligned openings. The maximum water levels for which safe passage is possible, were determined for each ship type and compared with the existing regulations. Finally, recommendations were formulated, which were then discussed with VNF, end users and stakeholders.
Study on Flow Distribution on Diversion Surface at the Head of Sandbar in Bifurcated Reach
Authors: Liu Wanli , Xin Weiyan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rule of flow distribution in the diversion region at the head of sandbar of bifurcated reach is studied. The results show that there are diversion points and stagnation points in the diversion area at the head of sandbar in straight-bifurcated reach, and there exists diversion surface due to the difference between flow directions of surface and bottom in the diversion area at the head of sandbar in meandering-bifurcated reach. The concept of diversion surface is put forward through the study. It refers to the curved surface along vertical direction calculated according to the diversion ratio of two branches in the local reach of the head of sandbar in diversion area. Natural flow characteristics at the head of typical bifurcated reach in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are studied based on the concept of diversion surface, and the layout principle of regulation project at the head of sandbar in bifurcated reach is put forward, that is, the project at the head of sandbar should be set near the relatively stable diversion surface if the diversion ratio of two branches is not planned to be changed, while the purpose can be achieved by deflecting the starting point of the project to one side if it is made to play the role of changing the diversion ratio of two branches. The proposal of the concept and calculation method of diversion surface provides a theoretical basis for the design and construction of location of regulation works in bifurcated reach.
Study on Prediction Method for Compression Scour Depth of River-Crossing Bridge
Authors: Shang Qianqian , Xu Hui , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRiverbed deformation caused by river-crossing bridge construction can be divided into compression scour and local scour. Compared with local scour, fewer studies have been made on the compression scour caused by bridge piers. It is noteworthy that, the compression scour can lead to riverbed scour of the whole cross section along a bridge site, which is obviously detrimental to the bridge foundation safety. Based on a summary of existing research findings, a prediction model for the compression scour of bridge piers is constructed, and the model is applied in predicting the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou River Bridge in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Firstly, the pier boundary treatment methods at different spatial scales are discussed. Subsequently, the selection method of flow and sediment processes is proposed from the engineering safety point of view, according to the flow and sediment characteristics on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Finally, the depth of compression scour around the upstream and downstream of Shiyezhou Bridge piers are predicted, and comparisons were made between the prediction depth of Shiyezhou Bridge and other existing bridges in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Comparisons show that the compression scour depth of Shiyezhou Bridge was basically equivalent to that of other bridges downstream the Yangtze River. The results indicate that the method for predicting the compression scour depth of bridge piers is reasonable and feasible, and the prediction of compression scour depth can provide technical basis for determining the embedment depth of the bridge pier foundation.
Applicability of the Blue Wave to the Canal from Villiers to Beaulieu
Authors: Deplaix J. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Blue Wave is a locking structure that allows simultaneous navigation in both directions of navigation, without stopping in most cases, and at a speed depending on the local topography.Its principle has been described in an issue of PIANC Bulletin, N°108, september 2001.It could be used, in lieu of a set of locks, on a Canal which is presently being improved to CEMT Class Va, far upstream from Paris, the Canal from Villiers to Beaulieu (Petite Seine, France).It is possible to form 10 reaches of 1,000 m each, separated by doors (mitre or valve). The depth available in the existing borrow pits is sufficient for the navigation of the project boats, which have 31.9 m2 of wetted section.By using the existing pits, which were dug in advance for improvement of this waterway, the structure very faithfully respects the current levels of these bodies of water, which avoids costly measures to restore the water table. In addition, the 2 upstream gates being non-overtopping, the non-overtopping dykes only total 2 km, instead of 16 km in the lock option.These two points confirm that the proposed solution is more respectful of the environment and landscapes than the lock option. Thus, since the set speed of the concept is practically the optimum speed permitted by the cross-section of the canal, it can be said that the site of the Canal from Villiers to Beaulieu is optimal for the application of the Blue Wave principle.
Comparative Study of the Hydraulic Characteristics of Stratified Energy Dissipators in In-Chamber Longitudinal Culvert Systems
Authors: Ma Xin , Hu Yaan , Li Zhonghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study of energy dissipation characteristics of stratified energy dissipators in the lock chamber is carried out by numerical simulation. Discussed the hydraulic characteristics of different energy dissipators in the lock chamber and open channel area (e.g., flow field in the lock chamber, flow distribution in the branch holes and energy dissipation mechanism). The results show that the stratified energy dissipation makes the water flow in the open ditch area more fully mixed; the flow distribution in the branch holes is more balanced; the maximum flow velocity into the bottom of the lock chamber is reduced. The in-chamber longitudinal culvert system with open channel + cover has the best flow conditions, followed by open channel + grating, both of the above are better than the traditional open ditch energy dissipator.
Corridor Scale Planning of Bunker Infrastructure for Zero-Emission Energy Sources in Inland Waterway Transport
Authors: Jiang Man , Baart Fedor , Visser Klaas , Hekkenberg Robert , Van Koningsveld Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe availability of supporting bunker infrastructure for zero-emission energy sources will be key to accommodate zero-emission inland waterway transport (IWT). However, it remains unclear which (mix of) zero-emission energy sources to prepare for, and how to plan the bunker infrastructure in relative positions and required capacity at corridor scale. To provide insight into the positioning and dimensions of bunkering infrastructure we propose a bottom-up energy consumption method combined with agent based network simulation. In the method, we first produce a two-way traffic energy consumption map, aggregated from the energy footprint of individual vessels on the transport network. Next we investigate the potential sailing range of the vessels on the network if they would sail the same routes, but with alternative energy carriers. Based on the sailing range of the vessels for different energy carriers, the maximum inter-distance between refuelling points can be estimated. By aggregating the energy consumptions of all the vessels on the network, we can estimate the required capacity of a given refuelling point. To demonstrate the basic functionality we implement the method to four representative corridor scale inland shipping examples using zero-emission energy sources including hydrogen, batteries, e-NH3, e-methanol and e-LNG. The application in this paper is limited to four abstract cases. A recommended next step is to apply this approach to a more realistic network.
Design of Longitudinal Air Bubbler System Inside Ship Lock
Authors: Biln Iqbal Singh , Engel Chandler 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the expected behavior of installing a longitudinal air bubbler system in the St Lambert Lock, Quebec, Canada to bring “warm” water from the depths of the lock chamber and reduce ice buildup on the lock walls during the winter navigation. The bubbler manifold would be installed near the bottom of the lock chamber and extend along the entire wall of the lock chamber. Compressed air would be provided to the manifold and the air would be released through a series of holes (orifices) installed along the length of the manifold. A vertical water current would be induced in the lock chamber by the rising air bubbles. The continuous supply of water to the surface should reduce ice formation along the wall of the chamber. This use of a longitudinal air bubbler system to reduce ice buildup along lock walls during the winter season is a novel use of an air bubbler system in North America in a navigation lock.
Evolution of Undular Surges in a Navigation Channel
Authors: Zheng Feidong , Li Xueyi , Zhang Fan , Mu Ping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn undular surge is a secondary wave characterized by free-surface undulations over the body of a positive wave. The formation of undular surges is strongly linked to the departure of pressure distribution from hydrostatic due to the combined effects of wave nonlinearity and dispersion. In navigation channels, undular surges may be generated by the filling or emptying operation of lock chambers. The propagation of undular surges is associated with the periodic flow variations, and therewith they can cause impulse motion responses of navigation ships and even navigation accidents in some instances. In the present study, the free-surface and hydrodynamic properties of undular surges induced by the emptying operation of lock chambers were experimentally investigated. Detailed free-surface and velocity measurements were performed with a series of capacitance wave gauges and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in a horizontal rectangular water wave channel. Both nonbreaking and breaking surges were recognized and analyzed. The results demonstrated that the wave face of a nonbreaking undular surge could be accurately described by solitary wave theory. However, the velocity distributions beneath the surge deviated significantly from the solitary wave solution. Based on the experimental results, a formula relating the longitudinal velocity component to free-surface elevation was established. Overall, this study provided new insights into the analogy of an undular surge and a solitary wave.
Experimental Investigation of Hydrodynamics on Abrupt-Expansion Pipe Behind Control Valve of Hydro-Driven Shiplift
Authors: Wang Jiao , Hu Yaan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractControl valve is the special core equipment of hydro-driven ship lift, it is similar to the electric motor of the electric driven ship lift, which is the key to the safe and efficient operation of ship lift. Hydro-driven ship lift requires very high performance of control valve. It not only needs to control the flow accurately, but also to meet the needs of large flow. It is difficult to avoid cavitation for control valve to work under high pressure difference. How to control the erosion and destruction of valves and pipelines caused by cavitation is related to the operation safety and efficiency of hydro-driven ship lift. Sudden expansion of pipe behind the valve is a simple and efficient valve cavitation suppression technology. Aiming at typical control valve (plunger valve), this paper uses physical model tests and theoretical analysis to study the effect of sudden expansion of pipe behind the valve on the flow resistance characteristics of valves, and comprehensively consider the effects of valve type, flow pattern, and flow pulsation. According to the analysis, the relationship between sudden expansion ratio of the pipe and valve flow coefficient is obtained, and the test results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Based on the theoretical analysis and considered the effect of cavitation defense, the expansion ratio for this type of abrupt expansion pipe is suggested to be 3.00. This study has guiding significance for the anti-cavitation technology of industrial valves, and can be used as a reference for the design of pipelines for water delivery and pressure regulation projects.
Improvement Measures of Navigable Flow Conditions in the Baihutan Hydro-Junction in Changshanjiang River, China
Authors: Wang Rongrong , Sun Aiping , Zhang Shouyuan , Cheng Hongyu , Zhao Gensheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Baihutan hydro-junction of Changshanjiang River is located in the straight section of S-shaped channel, and the upstream approach channel is located in the concave bank of the bendy section of river. Navigable flow conditions in the entrance area of upstream and the bend connection area are complicated and disordered under the influence of circumfluence. Ships are prone to drift due to the high-speed transverse flow, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of safe navigation. In the present study, the navigable flow conditions were evaluated by building a 1:80 hydraulic model and the remote-control ship model test were carried out. Besides, flow conditions in the entrance area, the approach channel and the bend connection area were investigated, and optimization and improvement measures were also proposed. Researches indicated that, affected by the water flow at the top of the bend and the narrowed river channel, the transverse and longitudinal flow velocity in the entrance area and the bend connection area were faster. Adjusting the layout of channel to reduce the angle between the mainstream and the axis of the channel, and expanding the cross-sectional area of the approach channel could effectively improve the navigable flow conditions and ensure the navigation safety. The results of this study can provide references for similar rivers.
Live Digital Twin for Hydraulic Structures Fatigue Estimation
Authors: Condemine Cyril , Grau Loic , Masson Yves , Aubry Sebastien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMaintaining hydraulic structures such as dams, penstocks, or water lock gates in operating conditions and optimizing their maintenance costs are key issues for energy production or river navigation. The ultimate objective is to know the real state of fatigue and damage of the structure and identify any related anomalies. In this paper, we introduce a digital twin, for fatigue evaluation merging measured data obtained with an embedded sensor network and a 3D numerical model that converts in real time measured data into fatigue. After 3 years of R&D collaboration between CNR and Morphosense in the maintenance of navigation lock gates or dam gates, this presentation exposes how the proposed Live Digital Twin solution contributes to fatigue evaluation and more generally to global structural monitoring in dealing with fundamental issues of hydraulic structures: risk assessment, maintenance in operating conditions and maintenance costs optimization. After a context and state of the art introduction, the second part will detail the system overview. In the third part, the monitoring system will be addressed.
Optimizing Upstream Approach Wall to Navigation Lock in Narrow Rivers
Authors: Bousmar Didier , Swartenbroekx Catherine , Pierard Geoffrey , Van Hees Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn canalized rivers, navigation locks are often located aside a weir. River currents are concentrated towards the weir. As a result, vessels face transverse currents and significant outdraft forces when approaching the lock. An approach wall can be designed to isolate the final lock approach from the weir flow. This wall can be a plain wall, or a perforated wall. Depending on the design of the wall openings, the flow velocity gradient and the outdraft forces are translated upstream at the entrance of the port. At this location, the vessel keeps a larger velocity and can manoeuvre more easily. An optimal design of the opening should minimize the transverse forces acting on the vessel. Guidelines for the design of such approach walls may be found in the literature but cover only large and very large rivers. The present contribution focuses on narrower rivers, with a low ratio between port entrance width and river width.
Construction of Cai Mep International Container Terminal
Authors: Suzuki Koji , Sumita Yoshinori 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCai Mep International Container Terminal was constructed 80 km southeast of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, where a thick and soft clay deposit was widely found from the top of the ground. To minimize consolidation settlement after construction, soil improvement by PVD was extensively applied. Sand filling including preload up to +11.8 mCD was required on the existing ground of +3.5 mCD. Stability of this sand filling on river side was the first concern in the construction work. According to soil investigation to study shear strength profile of the soft clay, original design of sand filling was revised to maintain stability of the filling on river side. This report presents the original and the revised design, as well as the results of soil investigation.
Research on Influence from Ship Navigating in the Intermediate Channel Between Ship Lifts on Hydraulic Characteristics
Authors: Chen Yingying , Hu Yaan , Li Zhonghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThrough the method of physical model test, tests of ship navigating in the intermediate channel of the navigation structure of Longtan Hydropower Station were carried out to study the hydraulic characteristics, such as the water surface fluctuation in the ship chamber and the intermediate channel, the heave of ship bow and stern, and the mooring force of the berthing ship under different navigational conditions. The results indicate that from the perspective of ship lift operational efficiency, docking safety, ship navigating safety and berthing safety, the design navigable water depth of 3.6 m in the intermediate channel is reasonable and the navigational speed of the ship in the intermediate channel should not exceed 1.5 m/s. The research results can provide scientific basis and technical reference for the design and operation of the navigation structure of Longtan Hydropower Station.