bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Myiasis Secondary to Burr Hole Evacuation: A Rare Illustrative Case Report
Authors: Deo Rama Chandra , Acharya Abhijit , Panigrahi Souvagya , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Mahapatra A.K. , Puppala Sumirini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMyiasis (maggot infestation) is a condition in which fly maggots feed off and develop in the tissues of living organisms. Most common in tropical and subtropical regions, human myiasis, is prevalent among individuals in close association of domestic animals and those inhabiting the unhygienic conditions. We, hereby, describe a rare case of cerebral myiasis (17th in the world, 3rd in India) that presented to our institution in Eastern India secondary in the operated site of craniotomy and burr hole few years back. Cerebral myiases are exceedingly rare conditions, especially in high-income countries with only 17 previously published cases with the reported mortality as high as 6 out of 7 cases dying of the disease. We additionally also present a compiled review of previous case literatures to highlight the comparative clinical, epidemiological features and outcome of such cases. Although rare, brain myiasis should be a differential diagnosis of surgical wound dehiscence in developing countries where conditions do exist in this country that permit myiasis. This differential diagnosis should be remembered, particularly when the classic signs of inflammation are not present.
Association of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA) Gene Polymorphism with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in North Indian Children: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Verma Neha , Awasthi Shally , Pandey Anuj K. , Gupta Prashant 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death in children < 5 years of age. The primary objective of the study was to assess the association of IL-1RA gene polymorphism in children aged 2 to 59 months with CAP and the secondary objective was to assess the association of gene polymorphism with mortality among hospitalized CAP cases.
Study Design This case–control study was conducted in a tertiary teaching institute in Northern India. Hospitalized children aged 2 to 59 months with World Health Organization-defined CAP were included as cases after parental consent. Age-matched healthy controls were recruited from the immunization clinic of the hospital. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction to analyze the variable number of tandem repeats of IL-1RA gene polymorphism.
Result From October 2019 to October 2021, 330 cases (123, 37.27% female), and 330 controls (151, 45.75% female) were recruited. Genotype A2/A2 of the IL-1RA gene was found to be associated with the increased risk for CAP children with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 12.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.21–28.7, p < 0.001). A2 and A4 alleles were also found to be at risk for CAP. A1/A2 genotype was found to be protective for CAP with an AOR of 0.29 (95% CI 0.19–19.0.45). The genotype A2/A2 and A2 allele of IL-1RA gene was associated with child mortality with CAP cases.
Conclusion In IL1RA gene, A2/A2 genotype and A2 allele were associated with increased risk of CAP and A1/A2 were found to be protective for CAP. The genotype A2/A2 and A2 was associated with CAP mortality.
Exploring the Caregiver-Reported Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Riccardi Jessica Salley 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have a persistent, negative, and disproportionate impact on children with disabilities. Children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be expected to experience a disproportionate impact given the deficits often associated with childhood TBI (e.g., family functioning, fatigue, executive functioning, quality of life). This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with TBI and their families, compared to typically developing (TD) children and their families. Thirty caregivers (TBI = 15; TD = 15) completed a series of electronic survey measures. Overall, caregivers reported no negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their family's or child's functioning and association with demographic factors and domains of functioning showed no clear patterns. The findings of this exploratory study support continued longitudinal investigation with larger sample sizes of the provision of supports for all families and children in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional research is needed to understand the effectiveness of targeted services for students with TBI in domains of functioning that are significantly poorer than TD children (e.g., quality of life, executive functioning, fatigue).
Deep Venous Arterialization: Background, Patient Selection, Technique, Outcomes and Follow-up, and Future Implementation
Authors: Zaman Naveed , Rundback John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCritical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a severe manifestation of peripheral arterial disease with a highly increased risk for morbidity and mortality that has limited and suboptimal opportunities for treatment, ultimately resulting in major amputation for patients. Deep venous arterialization (DVA) provides a suitable limb salvage option for “no-option” patients facing amputation by introducing an artificial anastomosis between a site of proximal arterial inflow and retrograde venous outflow to deliver tissue perfusion to lower extremity wounds. Because DVAs are employed as a last-resort effort in CLTI patients, it is important to provide updated information on indications for usage, strategies in creating DVA conduits, and discussion of outcomes and expectations for patients undergoing this procedure. Additionally, variations in method, including use of various techniques and devices, are explored. The authors provide an up-to-date review of the literature and discuss pertinent procedural and technical considerations for utilizing DVAs in CLTI patients.
Single thermal scan digital system for deep level transient spectroscopy
Authors: Sreeshma D. , Koteswara Rao K. S. R. 
Published: June 2023

We have developed a micro-controller based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) system to identify the deep-level defects in semiconductors. It consists of Arduino-Due, a capacitance meter, and interface circuits. In addition, we have also developed the algorithms needed for the entire signal processing. It is not limited to Arduino-Due but can be implemented using other micro-controllers also. We have used Arduino-Due to generate the filling pulse and monitor the capacitance, temperature, data acquisition, timing control, and signal processing. The sequence of generating the filling pulse, reading the data, and signal processing is controlled digitally rather than by analog sampling circuits and timers. The minimum pulse width generated using Arduino-Due is 50 ns; the pulse width generation depends on various hardware and software parameters and their integration. The resolution in reading the data is 0.8 mV/unit. The time delays in reading the data are appropriately taken care of in the system. The whole experiment can be completed in a single temperature cycle within 2–3 h. The system is simple, inexpensive, in an easy-to-use platform, and less time-consuming; minimizes possible errors; and improves accuracy. The measurements using the “micro-controller based DLTS system” are verified by fabricating (Au) gold-doped silicon (Si) p–n junction samples (Au is a well-understood defect in Si). Using the Arduino-Due based DLTS system, we calculated the energy, the capture cross section, and the concentration of trap levels. The results are in good agreement with the literature, indicating the versatility of the system.
Growing clean crystals from dirty precursors: Solid-source metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy growth of superconducting Sr2RuO4 films
Authors: Choudhary Rashmi , Liu Zhaoyu , Cai Jiaqi , Xu Xiaodong , Chu Jiun-Haw , Jalan Bharat 
Published: June 2023

Ultra-high purity elemental sources have long been considered a prerequisite for obtaining low impurity concentrations in compound semiconductors in the world of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) since its inception in 1968. However, we demonstrate that a “dirty” solid precursor, ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate [also known as Ru(acac)3], can yield single-phase, epitaxial, and superconducting Sr2RuO4 films with the same ease and control as III–V MBE. A superconducting transition was observed at ∼0.9 K, suggesting a low defect density and a high degree of crystallinity in these films. In contrast to the conventional MBE, which employs the ultra-pure Ru metal evaporated at ∼2000 °C as a Ru source, along with reactive ozone to obtain Ru → Ru4+ oxidation, the use of the Ru(acac)3 precursor significantly simplifies the MBE process by lowering the temperature for Ru sublimation (less than 200 °C) and by eliminating the need for ozone. Combining these results with the recent developments in hybrid MBE, we argue that leveraging the precursor chemistry will be necessary to realize next-generation breakthroughs in the synthesis of atomically precise quantum materials.
Robust vessel segmentation in laser speckle contrast images based on semi-weakly supervised learning
Authors: Yang Kun , Chang Shilong , Yuan Jiacheng , Fu Suzhong , Qin Geng , Liu Shuang , Liu Kun , Zhao Qingliang , Xue Linyan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. The goal of this study is to develop a robust semi-weakly supervised learning strategy for vessel segmentation in laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), addressing the challenges associated with the low signal-to-noise ratio, small vessel size, and irregular vascular aberration in diseased regions, while improving the performance and robustness of the segmentation method. Approach. For the training dataset, the healthy vascular images denoted as normal-vessel samples were manually labeled, while the diseased LSCI images involving tumor or embolism were denoted as abnormal-vessel samples and annotated as pseudo labels by the traditional semantic segmentation methods. In the training phase, the pseudo labels were constantly updated to improve the segmentation accuracy based on DeepLabv3+. Objective evaluation was conducted on the normal-vessel test set, while subjective evaluation was performed on the abnormal-vessel test set. Main results. The proposed method achieved an IOU of 0.8671, a Dice of 0.9288, and a mean relative percentage difference (mRPD) with supervised learning of 0.5% in the objective evaluation. In the subjective evaluation, our method significantly outperformed other methods in main vessel segmentation, tiny vessel segmentation, and blood vessel connection. Additionally, our method exhibited robustness when abnormal-vessel style noise was added to normal-vessel samples using a style translation network. Significance. The proposed semi-weakly supervised learning strategy demonstrates high efficiency and excellent robustness for vascular segmentation in LSCI, providing a potential tool for assessing the morphological and structural features of vessels in clinical applications.
Automatic identification of intracranial pressure waveform during external ventricular drainage clamping: segmentation via wavelet analysis
Authors: Megjhani Murad , Terilli Kalijah , Kwon Soon Bin , Nametz Daniel , Weinerman Bennett , Velazquez Angela , Ghoshal Shivani , Roh David , Agarwal Sachin , Connolly E Sander , Claassen Jan , Park Soojin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a method for automatically identifying segments of intracranial pressure (ICP) waveform data from external ventricular drainage (EVD) recordings during intermittent drainage and closure. Methods. The proposed method uses time-frequency analysis through wavelets to distinguish periods of ICP waveform in EVD data. By comparing the frequency compositions of the ICP signals (when the EVD system is clamped) and the artifacts (when the system is open), the algorithm can detect short, uninterrupted segments of ICP waveform from the longer periods of non-measurement data. The method involves applying a wavelet transform, calculating the absolute power in a specific range, using Otsu thresholding to automatically identify a threshold, and performing a morphological operation to remove small segments. Two investigators manually graded the same randomly selected one-hour segments of the resulting processed data. Performance metrics were calculated as a percentage. Results. The study analyzed data from 229 patients who had EVD placed following subarachnoid hemorrhage between June 2006 and December 2012. Of these, 155 (67.7%) were female and 62 (27%) developed delayed cerebral ischemia. A total of 45 150 h of data were segmented. 2044 one-hour segments were randomly selected and evaluated by two investigators (MM and DN). Of those, the evaluators agreed on the classification of 1556 one-hour segments. The algorithm was able to correctly identify 86% (1338 h) of ICP waveform data. 8.2% (128 h) of the time the algorithm either partially or fully failed to segment the ICP waveform. 5.4% (84 h) of data, artifacts were mistakenly identified as ICP waveforms (false positives). Conclusion. The proposed algorithm automates the identification of valid ICP waveform segments of waveform in EVD data and thus enables the inclusion in real-time data analysis for decision support. It also standardizes and makes research data management more efficient.
Exploring heteroepitaxial growth and electrical properties of α-Ga2O3 films on differently oriented sapphire substrates
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Shudong , Wang Zilong , Liu Kaisen , Zhang Jinfu , Wu Simiao , Yang Yuxia , Xia Ning , Zhang Wenrui , Ye Jichun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study explores the epitaxial relationship and electrical properties of α-Ga2O3 thin films deposited on a-plane, m-plane, and r-plane sapphire substrates. We characterize the thin films by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, and elucidate thin film epitaxial relationships with the underlying sapphire substrates. The oxygen vacancy concentration of α-Ga2O3 thin films on m-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates are higher than α-Ga2O3 thin film on a-plane sapphire substrates. All three thin films have a high transmission of over 80% in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions, and their optical bandgaps stay around 5.02–5.16 eV. Hall measurements show that the α-Ga2O3 thin film grown on r-plane sapphire has the highest conductivity of 2.71 S/cm, which is at least 90 times higher than the film on a-plane sapphire. A similar orientation-dependence is seen in their activation energy as revealed by temperature-dependent conductivity measurements, with 0.266, 0.079, and 0.075 eV for the film on a-, m-, r-plane, respectively. The origin of the distinct transport behavior of films on differently oriented substrates is suggested to relate with the distinct evolution of oxygen vacancies at differently oriented substrates. This study provides insights for the substrate selection when growing α-Ga2O3 films with tunable transport properties.
Rapid epitaxy of 2-inch and high-quality α-Ga2O3 films by mist-CVD method
Authors: Wang Xiaojie , Mu Wenxiang , Xie Jiahui , Zhang Jinteng , Li Yang , Jia Zhitai , Tao Xutang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High thickness uniformity and large-scale films of α-Ga2O3 are crucial factors for the development of power devices. In this work, a high-quality 2-inch α-Ga2O3 epitaxial film on c-plane sapphire substrates was prepared by the mist-CVD method. The growth rate and phase control mechanisms were systematically investigated. The growth rate of the α-Ga2O3 films was limited by the evaporation of the microdroplets containing gallium acetylacetonate. By adjusting the substrate position (z) from 80 to 50 mm, the growth rate was increased from 307 nm/h to 1.45 μm/h when the growth temperature was fixed at 520 °C. When the growth temperature exceeded 560 °C, ε-Ga2O3 was observed to form at the edges of 2-inch sapphire substrate. Phase control was achieved by adjusting the growth temperature. When the growth temperature was 540 °C and the substrate position was 50 mm, the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curves for the (0006) and (10-14) planes were 0.023° and 1.17°. The screw and edge dislocations were 2.3 × 106 and 3.9 × 1010 cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, the bandgaps and optical transmittance of α-Ga2O3 films grown under different conditions were characterized utilizing UV-visible and near-IR scanning spectra.
Investigation of β-Ga2O3 thick films grown on c-plane sapphire via carbothermal reduction
Authors: Cheng Liyuan , Zhang Hezhi , Zhang Wenhui , Liang Hongwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We investigated the influence of the growth temperature, O2 flow, molar ratio between Ga2O3 powder and graphite powder on the structure and morphology of the films grown on the c-plane sapphire (0001) substrates by a carbothermal reduction method. Experimental results for the heteroepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 illustrate that β-Ga2O3 growth by the carbothermal reduction method can be controlled. The optimal result was obtained at a growth temperature of 1050 °C. The fastest growth rate of β-Ga2O3 films was produced when the O2 flow was 20 sccm. To guarantee that β-Ga2O3 films with both high-quality crystal and morphology properties, the ideal molar ratio between graphite powder and Ga2O3 powder should be set at 10 : 1.
Preparation of Sn-doped Ga2O3 thin films and their solar-blind photoelectric detection performance
Authors: Li Lijun , Li Chengkun , Wang Shaoqing , Lu Qin , Jia Yifan , Chen Haifeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sn doping is an effective way to improve the response rate of Ga2O3 film based solar-blind detectors. In this paper, Sn-doped Ga2O3 films were prepared on a sapphire substrate by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, and the effect of annealing atmosphere on the properties of films was studied. The Ga2O3 films changed from amorphous to β-Ga2O3 after annealing at 900 °C. The films were composed of micro crystalline particles with a diameter of about 5–20 nm. The β-Ga2O3 had high transmittance for wavelengths above 300 nm, and obvious absorption for solar-blind signals at 200–280 nm. The metal semiconductor metal type solar-blind detectors were prepared. The detector based on Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 thin film annealed in N2 has the best response performance to 254 nm light. The photo-current is 10 μA at 20 V, the dark-current is 5.76 pA, the photo dark current ratio is 1.7 × 106, the response rate is 12.47 A/W, the external quantum efficiency is 6.09 × 103%, the specific detection rate is 2.61 × 1012 Jones, the response time and recovery time are 378 and 90 ms, respectively.
Bifurcation-like transition of divertor conditions induced by X-point radiation in KSTAR L-mode plasmas
*
Authors: Park Jae-Sun , Pitts Richard , Jang Juhyeok , Han Yoon Seong , Choe Wonho , Lore Jeremy , Hwang Junghoo , Bak Jun-Gyo , Juhn June-Woo , Hong Suk-Ho 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Density ramps with ion grad B drift directed into lower single null KSTAR L-mode plasmas are associated with a simultaneous and abrupt reduction of the divertor particle flux on both low- and high-field-side targets when the mid-plane line averaged electron density reaches a given level. Target embedded Langmuir probe signals show a clear ‘cliff edge’ behavior similar to that observed in the divertor target electron temperature in DIII-D H-mode plasmas (Eldon et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion
57 066039; McLean et al 2015 J. Nucl. Mater.
463 533–6). The collapse of the particle flux is observed along the whole divertor target area (from private flux region to the far scrape-off layer (SOL)). The critical upstream density of this target flux cliff is invariant under fuel gas throughput modulation. The transition along the cliff occurs in tens of milliseconds. With the cliff, carbon impurities and deuterium neutrals transported through the X-point to the core produce a strong radiation spot near the X-point, seen on bolometric signals, and increase the upstream density. The experimental observations are consistent with time-dependent SOLPS-ITER simulations, which also demonstrate an abrupt transition of the target flux and upstream density with the increase in X-point radiation. The timescale of the cliff predicted by SOLPS-ITER is consistent with the experiment, although, it is influenced by gas throughput or time-dependent numerical methods. In the L-mode phase space of separatrix electron density and temperature, branches are divided based on target temperature, because the latter is strongly coupled to the radiation front and ionization front due to the monotonic characteristic of the parallel electron temperature distribution. Since the H-mode condition operates at a much higher upstream density and electron temperature in phase space, dissipation from sputtered carbon alone leads to the density limit before reaching the X-point radiation condition. This is therefore consistent with the fact that cliffs have never been observed in H-mode KSTAR experiments.
Transport barrier and spinning blob dynamics in the tokamak edge
Authors: Cheng Junyi , Myra James , Ku Seung-Hoe , Hager Robert , Chang Choong-Seock , Parker Scott 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the dynamics of plasma blobs in the edge of magnetic confinement devices using a full-f gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code with X-point geometry. In simulations, the evolution of a seeded blob is followed as it approaches a naturally-forming zonal shear layer near the separatrix, where the blob is stabilized by a large spin induced by the self-consistent adiabatic electron response, and blob bifurcation and trapping are observed during the cross-field propagation of blobs. A new theoretical explanation in both the zonal free and zonal shear layer is constructed, where the dominant

E

×

B

spin motion is included. A theoretical condition for a transport barrier induced by the interaction between spinning blobs and the zonal shear layer is obtained, and its scaling is verified with simulations. The new theoretical framework, especially the transport barrier, is applicable to explain and predict various experimental phenomena. In particular, the transport barrier condition calculated with experimental parameters demonstrates that the blob radial transport for H mode is smaller than L mode in experiments.
Optimised processes for the production of performance concrete constituents based on agricultural wastes
Authors: Schmidt W , Olonade K A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In most parts of the world urban populations are growing. This inevitably requires resources for construction materials, which is a challenge to achieving global climate goals. Since there is no alternative to concrete as structural material, novel approaches are required to use cement in concrete more efficiently and to use as little Portland cement clinker in the binder for concrete. With novel approaches, Africa can spearhead green urban construction technologies globally, as the continent’s carbon emissions re marginal today in comparison to the rest of the world and the potential to use local resources are enormous. The authors of the paper develop conclusions on how bio-waste can be converted to organic and mineral concrete constituents that have a potential to create rural livelihoods and urban construction materials markets. A three-step solution including a hydrothermal process, a pyrolysis step and a co-fuelling process with brick production in a vertical shaft kiln is suggested to derive organic components, various by-products as well as bricks and pozzolanic cement replacements, respectively.