bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exposure Meter of Lijiang Fiber-fed High-Resolution Spectrograph
Authors: Yu Xiao-Guang , Ji Kai-Fan , Zhang Xi-Liang , Chang Liang , Cai Yun-Fang , Qin Ying , Shang Zhen-Hong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In 2016, an exposure meter was installed on the Lijiang Fiber-fed High-Resolution Spectrograph to monitor the coupling of starlight to the science fiber during observations. Based on it, we investigated a method to estimate the exposure flux of the CCD in real time by using the counts of the photomultiplier tubes (PMT) of the exposure meter, and developed a piece of software to optimize the control of the exposure time. First, by using flat-field lamp observations, we determined that there is a linear and proportional relationship between the total counts of the PMT and the exposure flux of the CCD. Second, using historical observations of different spectral types, the corresponding relational conversion factors were determined and obtained separately. Third, the method was validated using actual observation data, which showed that all values of the coefficient of determination were greater than 0.92. Finally, software was developed to display the counts of the PMT and the estimated exposure flux of the CCD in real-time during the observation, providing a visual reference for optimizing the exposure time control.
Novel approach to reducing uncertainty of drift estimate in international comparisons of relative humidity scales
Authors: Hudoklin D , Georgin E , Kentved A B , Aytekin S O , Benyon R , Begeš G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
International comparisons of relative humidity scales at the highest level are often challenging because of significant drift of the impedance-based transfer standard, which reduces the accuracy of comparison. Comparisons that are shorter or have fewer participants may be less affected by drift, but ultimately require more inter-linking with their inherent irreproducibility to compare all scales internationally. We addressed these issues in a large comparison of 21 laboratories from the European association of national metrology institutes (EURAMET), covering a range from 10%rh to 95%rh at air temperatures from 10 °C to 70 °C. In it, nine state-of-the-art transfer standards drifted on average between 0,6%rh and 1,8%rh, depending on the measurement point, while the participants can achieve calibration uncertainties on average between 0,2%rh and 1,5%rh. To produce useful comparison data even with significantly drifting transfer standards, we carefully planned the topology of the comparison and the number of transfer standards to be able to partly compensate for drift. This paper focuses on the approach we took in analysing the results to minimise the impact of instrument drift on the comparison outcome. We combined the estimated drift of the transfer standards together with the links drawn between the loops into so-called between-set variability. To calculate the reference value, we used an adjusted Paule-Mandel estimate where we modified the model equations to account for the three interlinked loops and solved for them using a non-linear least-squares fitting. This approach reduced the uncertainty in the drift estimates and the uncertainty in evaluated degrees of equivalence at most, but not all, of the measured values. We discuss the advantages of this approach to consider its applicability in future interlaboratory comparisons.
Gas puff imaging measurements during resonant magnetic perturbations on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Yuan J.B. , Xu M. , Yu Y. , Yuan B.D , Nie L. , Wang Z.H. , Sun T.F. , Wu T. , Ke R. , Long T. , Gong S.B. , Ji X.Q. , Li J.Q. ,   HL-2A team
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The gas puff imaging diagnostic is used for the investigation of the poloidal flow and turbulent fluctuations at the plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) on the HL-2A tokamak. The impact of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the edge poloidal velocity (

V
θ

) are investigated and compared during the operation of a stair-like rising RMP coil current (

I

RMP

). The application of the RMP is observed to modify the poloidal velocity significantly. When

I

RMP

exceeds 4 kA, the turbulence poloidal velocity at the edge changes direction from electron to ion diamagnetic drift. This phenomenon is explained by the electron loss along the perturbed radial magnetic field

(

B
r

)

with RMP, with the experimental evidence provided that the edge electric potential increases significantly. A strong impact of the RMP on the properties of plasma density fluctuations in the SOL is also observed. With RMP, both skewness and kurtosis are smaller in the SOL and large-scale turbulence structures (small

k
r

and

k
θ

) are suppressed in both edge and SOL. These results can improve our understanding of the interaction between RMP and edge turbulence and in particular, the edge poloidal flow.
Active–passive mixtures with bulk loading: a minimal active engine in one dimension
Authors: Derivaux Jean-François , Jack Robert L , Cates Michael E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study a one-dimensional mixture of active (run-and-tumble) particles and passive (Brownian) particles, with single-file constraint, in a sawtooth potential. The active particles experience a ratchet effect and this generates a current, which can push passive particles against an applied load. The resulting system operates as an active engine. Using numerical simulations, we analyse the efficiency of this engine and we discuss how it can be optimised. Efficient operation occurs when the active particles self-organise into teams, which can push the passive ones against large loads by leveraging collective behaviour. We discuss how the particle arrangement, conserved under the single-file constraint, affects the engine efficiency. We also show that relaxing this constraint still allows the engine to operate effectively.
Performance analysis of solar PV system for different converter configurations
Authors: Dwivedi Dewang , Maurya Arun Kumar , Gangwar Ayush , Ahmad Anas , Maury Ayush Pratap , Ahuja Hemant 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In present scenario power electronic converters are of great usage. Almost every electronic industry uses converters in one way or the other. If the converters are integrated with solar PV system, then their various parameters could be thoroughly studied and the most suitable converter could be chosen on the results obtained asper the performance parameters.
This research work presents the thorough analysis of a PV system under different converter configurations. Mainly 6 converters are used in this entire research work Buck converter (Step down chopper), Boost converter (Step up chopper), Buck-Boost converter, Split-pi converter, Flyback converter and Linear voltage regulator. Simulations were done on MATLAB/Simulink and on the basis of it results were obtained graphically.
A Collaboration of VSC with SEIG Based Microgrid in Voltage and Frequency Control
Authors: Parchha Lalit , Ahuja Hemant , Bhargava Vani 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the generation, the most widely used generator is synchronous generator (SG) but its cost of producing per kilo watt (kW) power is higher than induction generator (IG). There are many advantages of IG over SG like, IG has small size for per kW output power production it means that the energy density of IG is higher than SG, when operates in parallel IG runs without hunting problem. IG can recover the energy with relatively simple control. IG is an alternative source to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Some problems are associated at distribution and generation level when IG operates in an isolated electric system. These problems are mainly caused by in linear changes in load. It results in loss of system reliability. The quality of voltage and frequency also get affected. So, to enhance reliability to control voltage & frequency, a flexible method with power electronic converter is used which control the dynamics of system and provide electrical power support as well simultaneously. When this converter emulates with its control mechanism, it works like a real synchronous generator which is called as VSG. This paper presents the distribution-generation system in collaboration with IG and VSC. VSC controller are designed on the basis of d-q model of converter. Performance of this control strategy is verified through Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result represents the actual behavior of the system against the non-linear loads. It shows the optimization of power and keeping the voltage frequency under a permissible limit.
Machine Learning for Cardiac Arrhythmia Detection: A Systematic Survey
Authors: Singh Geetika , Agarwal Charu , Kaur Inderjeet , Gupta Pradeep 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A significant global worry is a substantial rise in cardiac arrhythmia cases brought on by improper food and lifestyle choices. Manual analysis of the report of the electrocardiogram to detect the presence of an anomaly is a time-consuming task. Hence, it is necessary to create an automated diagnosis system that can deliver results quickly and accurately. Numerous machine learning-based models were created by researchers working in this field to determine the severity of cardiac arrhythmias. This article provides an organized and thorough assessment of previous research in the field, with a particular emphasis on machine learning methods developed by different authors to detect cardiac arrhythmia. Additionally, covered is the performance analysis of the different algorithms. The difficulties associated with developing a model for cardiac arrhythmia and its potential future impact are finally examined in the conclusion section.
Smart Farming: Monitoring of Field Status and Control of Irrigation Using Sensors and Esp8266 Nodemcu Module
Authors: Dwivedi Mahendra Dutt , Kalra Sarika , Dubey Jayant , Kumar Chiyam , Singh Nikhil , Gautam Vipul Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The concept of smart work is the trend today, which has assimilated into every walk of life. While agriculture sector is growing but the speed of growth is far less compared to othersectors because of not using new technologies and gadgets. This has led to people migrating from agriculture sector to other sectors in search of better options. This has to be corrected and people have to be made aware about new technologies that are very helpful in assisting them in agricultural works. This project is for farmers whose fields are not close to their home, which is case with majority of farmers, so that they can easily monitor field status from remote place and don’t have to take multiple tris for issues concerning irrigation etc. This project uses NodeMCU to facilitate the communication of data from sensors to servers, from where it is sent to mobile application through Blynk platform for user’s convenience.
BECS-II: an updated bio-inspired electrocommunication system for small underwater robots
Authors: Chen Tansheng , He Hongjie , Xie Guangming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Some weakly electric fish can use electric signals to interact and communicate with each other in dark and complex underwater environments where traditional underwater communication fails. In our previous work, we developed a bio-inspired electrocommunication system (BECS) that serves as an effective alternative to traditional methods in this challenging underwater scenario performing communication at a speed of approximately 1200 bps (bits per second) within approximately 3 m. In this study, a novel underwater wireless communication system (BECS-II) is proposed to upgrade the BECS with much better performance. We first propose theoretical and simulation models for electrocommunication, including the effects of the angular frequency and electrode impedance. A custom-made digital communication system is employed in BECS-II to improve the anti-interference ability and channel capacity of the BECS. In addition, a novel circuit optimization strategy was used to develop a customized circuit to enhance the transmitting and receiving capabilities of the BECS-II. Dual-frequency communication is proposed to meet the communication demands of different tasks by taking inspiration from the task allocation and evolution mechanisms of weakly electric fish. The experimental results showed that BECS-II outperformed BECS in high-frequency mode at both the communication speed (approximately 20 kbps) and distance (approximately 10 m), whereas in low-frequency mode, it extended the communication range by transmitting data up to a distance of approximately 20 m at a speed of approximately 200 bps. A substantial increase in the communication distance can expand the robot motion space in a group and improve group flexibility.
Promotion of adipose stem cell transplantation using GelMA hydrogel reinforced by PLCL/ADM short nanofibers
Authors: Ning Xuchao , Liu Na , Sun Tiancai , You Yong , Luo Yanan , Kang Enhao , Chen Zhenyu , Wang Yuanfei , Ren Jizhen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) show poor survival after transplantation, limiting their clinical application. In this study, a series of poly(l-lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL)/acellular dermal matrix (ADM) nanofiber scaffolds with different proportions were prepared by electrospinning. By studying their morphology, hydrophilicity, tensile mechanics, and biocompatibility, PLCL/ADM nanofiber scaffolds with the best composition ratio (PLCL:ADM = 7:3) were selected to prepare short nanofibers. And based on this, injectable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with PLCL/ADM short nanofibers (GelMA-Fibers) was constructed as a transplantation vector of ADSCs. ADSCs and GelMA-Fibers were co-cultured, and the optimal loading concentration of PLCL/ADM nanofibers was investigated by cell proliferation assay, live/dead cell staining, and cytoskeleton staining in vitro. In vivo investigations were also performed by H&E staining, Oil red O staining, and TUNEL staining, and the survival and apoptosis rates of ADSCs transplanted in vivo were analyzed. It was demonstrated that GelMA-Fibers could effectively promote the proliferation of ADSCs in vitro. Most importantly, GelMA-Fibers increased the survival rate of ADSCs transplantation and decreased their apoptosis rate within 14 d. In conclusion, the constructed GelMA-Fibers would provide new ideas and options for stem cell tissue engineering and stem cell-based clinical therapies.
Stressed economies respond more strongly to climate extremes
Authors: Middelanis Robin , Willner Sven Norman , Kuhla Kilian , Quante Lennart , Otto Christian , Levermann Anders 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Economies experience stress for various reasons such as the global Covid-19 pandemic beginning in 2020. The associated lock-downs caused local economic losses and the disruption of international supply chains. In addition, such stress alters the effects of short-term shocks as caused by climate extremes, especially their propagation through the economic network and the resulting repercussions. Here we show that adverse indirect impacts of tropical cyclones, river floods, and heat stress on global consumption are strongly enhanced when the economy is under stress. This compound effect results from aggravated scarcity causing higher consumer prices. Modeling climate impacts during Covid-19, we find that in a stressed economy with the current network structure, consumption losses due to climate extremes double in the USA and triple in China. The simulated effects intensify when climate shocks grow stronger. Our results emphasize the amplifying role of the interaction between climate change and its socioeconomic backdrop.
Assessing long-distance atmospheric transport of soilborne plant pathogens
Authors: Brodsky Hayes Klemm , Calderón Rocío , Hamilton Douglas S , Li Longlei , Miles Andrew , Pavlick Ryan , Gold Kaitlin M , Crandall Sharifa G , Mahowald Natalie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are a leading cause of crop disease and primarily spread through microscopic, durable spores adapted differentially for both persistence and dispersal via soil, animals, water, and/or the atmosphere. Computational Earth system models and air pollution models have been used to simulate atmospheric spore transport for aerial-dispersal-adapted (airborne) rust diseases, but the importance of atmospheric spore transport for soil-dispersal-adapted (soilborne) diseases remains unknown. While a few existing simulation studies have focused on intracontinental dispersion, transoceanic and intercontinental atmospheric transport of soilborne spores entrained in agricultural dust aerosols is understudied and may contribute to disease spread. This study adapts the Community Atmosphere Model, the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model, to simulate the global transport of the plant pathogenic soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxy). Our sensitivity study assesses the model’s accuracy in long-distance aerosol transport and the impact of deposition rate on simulated long-distance spore transport in Summer 2020 during a major dust transport event from Northern Sub-Saharan Africa to the Caribbean and southeastern United States (U.S.). We find that decreasing wet and dry deposition rates by an order of magnitude improves representation of long-distance, trans-Atlantic dust transport. Simulations also suggest that a small number of spores can survive trans-Atlantic transport to be deposited in agricultural zones. This number is dependent on source spore parameterization, which we improved through a literature search to yield a global map of F. oxy spore distribution in source agricultural soils. Using this map and aerosol transport modeling, we show how potentially viable spore numbers in the atmosphere decrease with distance traveled and offer a novel danger index for modeled viable spore deposition in agricultural zones. Our work finds that intercontinental transport of viable spores to cropland is greatest between Eurasia, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that future observational studies should concentrate on these regions.
Greenhouse gas emissions embodied in the U.S. solar photovoltaic supply chain
Authors: Gan Yu , Elgowainy Amgad , Lu Zifeng , Kelly Jarod C , Wang Michael , Boardman Richard D , Marcinkoski Jason 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity is considered to be an important source of electricity generation in the quest for net-zero carbon emissions. However, the growth of solar electricity is creating both increased material demands and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from silicon and PV manufacturing (also referred to as embodied GHG emissions of solar electricity). Here we analyze the silicon and solar PV supply chain for the United States (U.S.) market and find that the embodied GHG emissions of solar PV panel materials (such as silicon), manufacture, logistics, and installation in the U.S. given the current supply chain are 36 g CO2e kWh−1 of solar electricity generated. Eighty-five percent of the embodied GHG emissions are from PV panel production processes in China and other Asia–Pacific countries. Moving the silicon and PV manufacturing to the U.S. would reduce the embodied GHG emissions of solar electricity by 16% from its current level, primarily because of the lower GHG emission intensity of the U.S. electrical grid and the lower GHG emissions for aluminum electrolysis in North America. Future scenario analysis shows that by 2030, with the U.S. PV domestic supply chain and its decarbonized grid electricity and aluminum production, as well as improving PV conversion efficiency, the embodied GHG emissions of solar electricity in the U.S. will be reduced to 21 g CO2e kWh−1.
Physically based equation representing the forcing-driven precipitation in climate models
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Sparrow Sarah N , Min Seung-Ki , Yeh Sang-Wook , Allen Myles R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to improve our understanding of the response of precipitation to forcings by proposing a physically-based equation that resolves simulated precipitation based on the atmospheric energy budget. The equation considers the balance between latent heat release by precipitation and the sum of the slow response by tropospheric temperature changes and the fast response by abrupt radiative forcing (RF) changes. The equation is tuned with three parameters for each climate model and then adequately reproduces time-varying precipitation. By decomposing the equation, we highlight the slow response as the largest contributor to forcing-driven responses and uncertainty sizes in simulations. The second largest one to uncertainty is the fast-RF response from aerosols or greenhouse gases (GHG), depending on the low or highest Coupled Model Intercomparison Projection 6 future scenarios. The likely range of precipitation change at specific warming levels under GHG removal (GGR) and solar radiation management (SRM) mitigation plans is evaluated by a simple model optimizing the relationship between temperature and decomposed contributions from multi-simulations under three scenarios. The results indicate that GGR has more severe effects from aerosols than GHG for a 1.5 K warming, resulting in 0.91%–1.62% increases in precipitation. In contrast, SRM pathways project much drier conditions than GGR results due to the tropospheric cooling and remaining anthropogenic radiative heating. Overall, the proposed physically-based equation, the decomposition analysis, and our simple model provide valuable insights into the uncertainties under different forcings and mitigation pathways, highlighting the importance of slow and fast responses to human-induced forcings in shaping future precipitation changes.
Microstructure and properties of magnetic field assisted laser wire-filled welded 22MnB5 steel joints
Authors: Zhu Xiaoou , Liu Zhanqi , Yin Guili , Wang Haijiang , Ren Jingtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The magnetic field-assisted laser wire-filled welding test of 1.5 mm automotive 22MnB5 steel is performed to investigate the influence of magnetic field on the microstructure and properties of the welded joints. When no magnetic field is applied, and the laser heat input is 190 J mm−1, the welded joint width and the grain size of the coarse grain region are large. Also, there is an obvious hump defect at the bottom of the weld. Under the same heat input conditions, when a 5 mT and 15 mT steady magnetic field is applied, the thermoelectric magnetic force generated by the magnetic field promoted the flow of molten pool and concentrated laser energy. It is found that the hump defect is eliminated, the width of the welded joint is reduced, the grain size of the coarse grain region is significantly reduced, and the overall hardness of the welded joint is improved. However, different magnetic induction intensities have different effects on the solid phase transformation of the weld. When no magnetic field is added, the weld center is mainly composed of granular bainite and polygonal ferrite due to the slow cooling rate of the molten pool. When the applied magnetic field is 5 mT, the center of the weld is mainly composed of brittle and hard upper bainite because the thermoelectric magnetic force stirs the molten pool and accelerates the cooling rate of the molten pool but the overall mechanical properties of the welded joint were relatively poor. At 15 mT, lath martensite and lower bainite predominate in the weld center due to the increased cooling rate of the molten pool, thereby increasing the overall mechanical properties of the welded joint. Therefore, choosing the appropriate magnetic induction intensity is critical for improving the microstructure and properties of welded joints.