bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of physical activity and the MIND diet on cognition
Authors: Ahn Sangwoo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity or the Mediterranean‐Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet as a neuroprotective diet is known to be beneficial for cognitive health among older adults, but little is known about the influence on cognition when both behaviors are combined. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether engaging in both behaviors is associated with better cognitive health compared with either behavior alone or neither behavior.MethodData were from the Health and Retirement Study for this cross‐sectional, observational study. A total of 3,463 non‐demented participants with the mean age of 68.0 ± 10.0 years were included. Associations of physical activity (PA) and the MIND diet (MIND) with global cognition and odds of cognitive decline were explored using multivariate linear regression and binary logistic regression models with interaction terms between PA and MIND.ResultCompared with neither behavior (PA−/MIND−), PA only (PA+/MIND−) was not associated with cognitive outcomes. Compared with PA−/MIND−, MIND only (PA−/MIND+) predicted higher global cognition (mean difference, d = 0.81; p < 0.001) and lower odds of cognitive decline (odds ratio, OR = 0.68; p < 0.01). Compared with PA−/MIND−, both behaviors (PA+/MIND+) predicted higher global cognition (d = 0.98; p < 0.001) and lower odds of cognitive decline (OR = 0.69; p < 0.01). Compared with PA+/MIND−, PA+/MIND+ predicted higher global cognition (d = 0.60; p < 0.001), but did not predict a risk of cognitive decline. Compared with PA−/MIND+, PA+/MIND+ did not predict cognitive outcomes.ConclusionAdherence to both physical activity and the MIND diet was associated with better cognitive outcomes than non‐adherence to both or adherence to physical activity only. Encouraging both behaviors would be important for the cognitive health of older adults.
Effect of agitation and aggression on quality of life in patients with dementia
Authors: Choudhury Samira , Leventhal Natalie , Soffer Matan , Zarei Shadi , Burhan Amer M. , Colman Sarah , Chu Li , Davies Simon , Derkach Peter , Elmi Sarah , Gerretsen Philip , Graff‐Guerrero Ariel , Hussain Maria , Ismail Zahinoor , Kim Donna , Krisman Linda , Moghabghab Rola , Mulsant Benoit H. , Nair Vasavan , Pollock Bruce G. , Rej Soham , Rostas Aviva , Streiner David , Van Bussel Lisa , Rajji Tarek K. , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are highly prevalent in patients with dementia during the course of the disease. Among BPSD symptoms, agitation and aggression are a source of distress for both the patients and their caregivers. In this study, we investigated the impact of agitation and aggression on Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with dementia living in long‐term care homes or admitted to psychiatric inpatient units.MethodData were obtained from the Standardizing Care for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life in Dementia (StaN) study, a multisite trial conducted in Canada. Agitation and aggression were assessed with the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Clinician rating scale (NPI‐C); QoL with the informant‐rated Alzheimer’s Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) tool; stage of dementia with the Functional Assessment Staging Tool (FAST); and burden of physical illness with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatric (CIRS‐G). Regressions were performed to investigate the associations between agitation or aggression and QoL controlling for demographic factors, FAST score, and CIRS‐G score.Result179 participants were included (52.5% female; mean (SD) age = 80.79 (9.45) years. The ADRQL score was correlated with: (1) CMAI total frequency score (Pearson’s r = ‐.333, p<.001); (2) NPI‐C agitation score (Pearson’s r = ‐.209, p = .005); and (3) NPI‐C aggression score (Pearson’s r = ‐.300, p<.001). The associations remained significant for the CMAI total frequency score (β = ‐.235, SE B = 0.054, p<.001), and NPI‐C agitation and aggression composite score (β = ‐.288, SE B = 1.254, p<.001) after controlling for age, sex, current residence, FAST score and CIRS‐G score.ConclusionQoL is related to agitation and aggression in patients with dementia. The relationship is independent of demographic factors, stage of dementia, and burden of comorbid physical illness. This suggests that better management of agitation and aggression may be an important factor in improving QoL in patients with dementia.
Sedentary pattern, brain health, and cognitive function in rural‐dwelling older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Han Xiaolei , Wang Yongxiang , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSedentary behavior is distinct from low moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and is associated with a range of adverse health conditions. Population‐based studies have rarely examined the associations of objectively‐measured sedentary parameters, structural brain markers, and cognition among older adults.MethodsThis population‐based study included 2019 rural‐dwelling older adults (age ≥60 years, 59% women) who were free of dementia derived from MIND‐China baseline participants. In 2018‐2020, sedentary behavior parameters were measured using accelerometers. We used a neuropsychological test battery to assess global and domain‐specific cognitive function (memory, language, attention, and executive function). Volumes of total brain tissue, white matter hyperintensities, total grey matter, total white matter, ventricles, and hippocampus were assessed on the magnetic resonance imaging in a subsample (n = 1009). We used the general linear models, restricted cubic splines, and mediation models to examine the associations of sedentary parameters, structural brain markers, and cognitive measures, and the isotemporal substitution models to estimate associations of replacing sedentary time with physical activity.ResultsIn the total sample, adjusting for multiple confounders and MVPA, longer mean sedentary bout duration was linearly associated with lower z‐scores of global cognition, memory, and language, whereas the linear association of greater total sedentary time with poorer global cognition, memory, and language existed only among long‐sedentary individuals (>10.2 hours/day); Having more breaks per sedentary hour or replacing 30‐minute sedentary time with the same amount of physical activity was significantly associated with higher cognitive z‐scores (P<0.05). In the MRI subsample, simultaneously or separately entering multiple structural brain markers into the mediation models substantially attenuated the associations between mean sedentary bout duration and cognitive z‐scores.ConclusionIn the rural‐dwelling Chinese older adults, the association of prolonged uninterrupted sedentary time with poor cognition is largely mediated by structural brain markers and frequent breaks in sedentary time are associated with brain health.
Visual search with finding car task in Alzheimer's Disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Boz Hatice Eraslan , Akkoyun Müge , Koçoğlu Koray , Tüfekci Işıl Yağmur , Ekin Merve , Akdal Gülden 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated visual search patterns in finding a car test in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Method29 AD patients (mean age 72,5±7.9 years), 34 aMCI patients (mean age 70,6±6,7 years), and 32 healthy controls (HC) (mean age 68,5±6,2 years) were applied to detailed neuropsychological tests (NT). The visual scan task consisted of 16 pictures divided into 9 parts and the car was hidden in the given pictures. The picture with the car was designated as an area of interest. Participants were asked to find the car hidden in shown pictures. EyeLink 1000 Plus video eye tracker was used to record fixation duration, the number of fixation and saccade and, first fixation duration.ResultThere was no statistically significant difference in demographric features between groups (p<0,05). For the area of interest, fixation durations (p = 0,006), number of fixations, and saccades (p<0,001) were significantly decreased in AD patients than aMCI patients and HCs. Besides, the number of fixations in the area out of interest was significantly decreased in AD patients than HC’s (p = 0,001). The number of saccades was significantly decreased in AD patients compared to aMCI (p = 0,005). Moreover, the visual search was correlated to NT measurements (r = 0,2‐0,4).ConclusionScanning patterns in this visuospatial task‐ car finding were significantly different in AD than aMCI and HC. Visual search is a tool of documenting what and how people look at things in real life which might be used as a valid tool to distinguish AD from aMCI and HCs.
Need assessment of ICT literacy for development of multi‐domain telehealth intervention among cognitive frail (CF) older adults: A preliminary study
Authors: Fadzil Nurul Hidayah MD 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth is an alternative platform in managing and delivering health care services to clients using information and communication technologies (ICT). Usage of digital technology among older adults is influenced by many internal and external factors. However, information related to the readiness of tehnology use in developing multi‐domain telehealth among community‐dwelling older adults was still lacking.MethodThis study was part of the screening phase of an ongoing Ageless trial for developing multi‐domain telehealth intervention for CF older adults. This study included community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above with cognitive frailty assessed using Fried’s criteria. A questionnaire related to digital technology usage was administered to evaluate the need assessement of ICT literacy. Sampling method was purposive sampling. Data was analysed descriptively and using the Chi Square test.ResultAt this preliminary stage, 170 older adults (68.5 year old ± 5.7) living in Kuala Lumpur city participated. Majority of the participants were females (60.6%), from Malay ethnic group (71.2%), married (60.6%), attained upper secondary education level (29.7%) and retired. About one‐third of participants were precognitively‐frail (30.4%) and prefrail (32.8%) and were able to access internet (26.7%) at their homes using smartphones (34.1%), followed by computers or laptops (3.0%) and tablets (2.7%). Older adults with CF used less digital technology and reduced playing games on their phone (4.4%). Therefore, the framework of multi‐domain telehealth intervention designed for older adults must include senior‐friendly specifications for motivating its use among them. Proper training and guidance may boost confidence of older people to use the telehealth. Components in multi‐domain telehealth have to provide more educational talks, assistance during session and design more friendly‐user.ConclusionOur preliminary results suggest that older adults with cognitive frailty utilised less digital technology and preferred senior‐friendly and less complex digital technology. Promotion and expansion of the use digital technology among older adults with CF especially in rural area must be emphasized. Framework of multi‐domain telehealth intervention have to be refined in order to be suited among older adults, their cargivers and stakeholders.
Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Some preclinical findings
Authors: Jia Jianping , Li Yan , Lyu Diyang , Jiao Haishan , Shi Yuqing , Quan Meina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMost of the FDA approved drugs for AD are symptom driven and effects are limited. Because AD is a complex disease involving multiple pathological changes, such as senile plaques formed by amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau hyperphosphorylation, microglia‐evoked neuroinflammation, synaptic degeneration, and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption. While the current anti‐dementia drugs are mostly single targets, Chinese medicines have great development potential considering their multi‐target anti‐dementia components.MethodSeveral Chinese medicine monomers, including cryptotanshinone (CTS), pterostilbene (PTE), Ginsenoside Compound K (GCK), and glabridin (Gla) were selected to test their safety and efficacy in AD cell models, and to further explore their possible molecular mechanisms and target of action. Aβ42 oligomers (AβO) were used to establish AD cell models. The cytotoxicity of AβO as well as protective effects of Chinese medicine monomers on cell models were evaluated using the MTT assay. The molecular mechanisms and pathways were tested using qRT‐PCR, ELISA, Western blot and immunofluorescence.ResultAβO induced cell injury, apoptosis, and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In AβO‐induced cell models, CTS significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202, Ser404, Thr181, and Thr231, and increased the levels of PSD95 and synaptophysin; PTE attenuated cell injury, apoptosis, and ROS generation; GCK diminished inflammatory cytokine production; Gla attenuated cell injury (figure1). Further study found that their mechanisms of action include PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway (figure2), BBB permeability and tight junction scaffold protein (figure3), as well as NF‐kB pathway via LRP1 activation (figure4), respectively.ConclusionThese results provides rational basis for the therapeutic application of Chinese medicine monomers in the treatment of AD, and support further evaluation of these multi‐target action potential in AD treatment.
Coexistence or cooperation? The perspective of people affected by dementia on participation and research‐ a TaNDem study –
Authors: Köhler Stefanie , Scharf Annelie , Raedke Anika , Heppner Marie Marleen , Roes Martina , Michalowsky Bernhard , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Teipel Stefan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSo far, health services research in dementia has yet led to insufficient transfer of research evidence into healthcare practice or implementation of patient and caregiver perspective into the design of research studies. A strong transdisciplinary network of people with dementia, relatives, researchers, and healthcare service providers is needed to improve research and practice and to speed up the interaction between these stakeholders. Here, we aimed to integrate the perspective of people with dementia and caregivers on health services research into the establishment of a translational network for health services research in dementia (TaNDem, funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research).MethodsWe interviewed four people with dementia (mean age: 76.0 years; mean MMSE: 25.5) and 16 family caregivers (15 single interviews, one pair; mean age: 62.6 years). We asked participants about their priorities and expectations in dementia research and their motivation to participate in research projects and networks. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis, according to Mayring.ResultsMost interviewees lacked an idea of how research or researchers work. They could only imagine participating in research projects as consultant, but not as co‐researchers with decision‐making power. Participants were afraid of knowledge gaps and embarrassment in the presence of researchers. However, participating in research projects was perceived as essential to prevent and treat dementia for future affected ones. The interviews elicit five areas of interest that should be addressed by the network: pathogenic themes (e.g., early disease detection; prevention), communication & arrangement (e.g., finding support and supply), disease specific care (specialized staff and facilities), support offers (self‐help; case management) and tasks for policy (plan supply capacities; solve the shortage of staff).ConclusionThe interviewees identified research gaps that contrasted with the self‐perceived focus of researchers on the research topics. Research must evolve to become more tangible, visible, and understandable for people with dementia and relatives so they can participate actively and on a long‐term basis in research projects. We need case management and a culture of participation to reach people with dementia and their relatives with offers of supply, support, and participation in research.
The effects of 24‐week computerized cognitive training in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: A single‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Lü Yang , Yu Weihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundComputerized cognitive training (CCT) has been recommended to delay cognitive decline in the healthy elderly. However, little studies have been involved in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to date. The present study thus aimed to investigate the efficacy of CCT intervention on patients with MCI and AD through multimodal evaluation.MethodA single‐blind active controlled design used multidomain, adaptive, computerized cognitive training. The training program was 40 minutes a day, at least 5 days per week for 24 weeks. Neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) and activities of daily living (ADL), and brain functional connectivity was also evaluated by functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) .ResultForty patients were enrolled from the Memory Clinic, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. At the end of the intervention, 30 patients completed the trial, in which 20 patients were in training group (T‐MCI, n = 15; T‐mAD, n = 5), and 10 patients were in control group (C‐MCI, n = 6; C‐mAD, n = 4). Compared to C‐MCI group, T‐MCI showed significant improvement in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognition subscale (ADAS‐Cog) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at the end of intervention (all P<0.05) and presented with improved Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) at the first month(P<0.05), while T‐mAD group displayed improvement tendency in these scales but with no statistical significance. Importantly, significant increasements were analyzed upon functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex (PSC.L), left supplementary motor area (SMA.L) cortex and right Broca’s area (Broca’s. R) (all P<0.001, FDR corrected) after CCT of 6 months in T‐MCI group (n = 11).ConclusionPerformances of Cognitive function and NPSs are significantly improved via CCT in patients with MCI, and the neuronal plasticity is enhanced.aging after age 90.
Multiplex in‐vivo quantification of tau by mass spectrometry: Method optimization for comprehensive detection of tau proteoforms and biomarker identification
Authors: Jacquemin Chloé , Villain Nicolas , Fenaille François , Lamari Foudil , Becher Francois 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurodegenerative diseases diagnosis is still challenging, especially at the early stages. The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) relies on the identification of tau proteoforms (i.e., phosphorylation) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. However, pathophysiological fluid biomarkers are still lacking for non‐AD tauopathies. Multiplex liquid chromatography (LC)‐mass spectrometry (MS/MS) offers the opportunity to quantify the vast diversity of tau proteoforms (3R and 4R isoforms, truncations, phosphorylations, acetylations). The current gold standard for tau extraction before LC‐MS/MS analysis of very low concentrations in biofluids relies on immunoprecipitation (IP) approaches. Nonetheless, IP may miss some proteoforms due to its high selectivity. Here, we tested anti‐body free and IP approaches and compared their ability to detect tau proteoforms with LC‐MS/MS.MethodWe analyzed samples of artificial CSF (recombinant tau protein in diluted serum), and human CSF (from AD and non‐AD patients). Fully 15N‐labeled tau was added as an internal standard to the samples. Regarding IP, we first assessed a panel of commercial tau antibodies (in line with the literature) coated on magnetic beads. For the antibody‐free approach, we performed perchloric acid precipitation, followed by micro‐Solid Phase Extraction (Pc‐µSPE) using Oasis hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance sorbent. Purified proteins were digested into peptides using trypsin before multiplex quantitative analysis on reversed‐phase capillary LC, coupled with a qExactive high‐resolution mass spectrometer operated in the Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) acquisition mode.ResultIP optimization led to a combination of antibodies targeting the central and N‐ter domains of tau. IP and Pc‐µSPE comparison in artificial CSF showed a higher sensitivity of IP: limits of detection decreased up to a factor 5. In the human CSF, Pc‐µSPE allowed for better detection of peptides from the N‐ter to the C‐ter than IP, and a higher signal for tau proteoforms (e.g., 3R and 4R isoforms and phosphorylated tau species).ConclusionDespite better performances when dealing with canonical tau, IP was overcome by the antibody‐free sample preparation when identifying tau proteoforms with LC‐MS/MS in human CSF. The protocol is readily applicable to samples of clinical cohorts. This result opens the possibility of better detecting tau proteoforms and identifying pathophysiological biomarkers for non‐AD tauopathies.