bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of the exotic electronic states in antiferromagnetic NdSb
Authors: Li Peng , Li Tongrui , Liao Sen , Cao Zhipeng , Xu Rui , Wang Yuzhe , Yao Jianghao , Cui Shengtao , Sun Zhe , Wang Yilin , Wan Xiangang , Jiang Juan , Feng Donglai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and first principle calculations, we report that the possible unconventional 2q antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in NdSb can induce unusual modulation on its electronic structure. The obvious extra bands observed in the AFM phase of NdSb are well reproduced by theoretical calculations, in which the Fermi-arc-like structures and sharp extra bands are originated from the in-gap surface states. However, they are demonstrated to be topological trivial. By tuning the chemical potential, the AFM phase of NdSb would go through a topological phase transition, realizing a magnetic topological insulator phase. Hence, our study sheds new light on the rare earth monopnictides for searching unusual AFM structure and the potential of intrinsic magnetic topological materials.
Antiferromagnetic half-skyrmions electrically generated and controlled at room temperature
Authors: Amin O. J. , Poole S. F. , Reimers S. , Barton L. X. , Dal Din A. , Maccherozzi F. , Dhesi S. S. , Novák V. , Krizek F. , Chauhan J. S. , Campion R. P. , Rushforth A. W. , Jungwirth T. , Tretiakov O. A. , Edmonds K. W. , Wadley P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTopologically protected magnetic textures are promising candidates for information carriers in future memory devices, as they can be efficiently propelled at very high velocities using current-induced spin torques. These textures—nanoscale whirls in the magnetic order—include skyrmions, half-skyrmions (merons) and their antiparticles. Antiferromagnets have been shown to host versions of these textures that have high potential for terahertz dynamics, deflection-free motion and improved size scaling due to the absence of stray field. Here we show that topological spin textures, merons and antimerons, can be generated at room temperature and reversibly moved using electrical pulses in thin-film CuMnAs, a semimetallic antiferromagnet that is a testbed system for spintronic applications. The merons and antimerons are localized on 180° domain walls, and move in the direction of the current pulses. The electrical generation and manipulation of antiferromagnetic merons is a crucial step towards realizing the full potential of antiferromagnetic thin films as active components in high-density, high-speed magnetic memory devices.
Stable perovskite single-crystal X-ray imaging detectors with single-photon sensitivity
Authors: Sakhatskyi Kostiantyn , Turedi Bekir , Matt Gebhard J. , Wu Erfu , Sakhatska Anastasiia , Bartosh Vitalii , Lintangpradipto Muhammad Naufal , Naphade Rounak , Shorubalko Ivan , Mohammed Omar F. , Yakunin Sergii , Bakr Osman M. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA major thrust of medical X-ray imaging is to minimize the X-ray dose acquired by the patient, down to single-photon sensitivity. Such characteristics have been demonstrated with only a few direct-detection semiconductor materials such as CdTe and Si; nonetheless, their industrial deployment in medical diagnostics is still impeded by elaborate and costly fabrication processes. Hybrid lead halide perovskites can be a viable alternative owing to their facile solution growth. However, hybrid perovskites are unstable under high-field biasing in X-ray detectors, owing to structural lability and mixed electronic–ionic conductivity. Here we show that both single-photon-counting and long-term stable performance of perovskite X-ray detectors are attained in the photovoltaic mode of operation at zero-voltage bias, employing thick and uniform methylammonium lead iodide single-crystal films (up to 300 µm) and solution directly grown on hole-transporting electrodes. The operational device stability exceeded one year. Detection efficiency of 88% and noise-equivalent dose of 90 pGyair are obtained with 18 keV X-rays, allowing single-photon-sensitive, low-dose and energy-resolved X-ray imaging. Array detectors demonstrate high spatial resolution up to 11 lp mm−1. These findings pave the path for the implementation of hybrid perovskites in low-cost, low-dose commercial detector arrays for X-ray imaging.
Structural basis of metabolite transport by the chloroplast outer envelope channel OEP21
Authors: Günsel Umut , Klöpfer Kai , Häusler Elisabeth , Hitzenberger Manuel , Bölter Bettina , Sperl Laura E. , Zacharias Martin , Soll Jürgen , Hagn Franz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTriose phosphates (TPs) are the primary products of photosynthetic CO2fixation in chloroplasts, which need to be exported into the cytosol across the chloroplast inner envelope (IE) and outer envelope (OE) membranes to sustain plant growth. While transport across the IE is well understood, the mode of action of the transporters in the OE remains unclear. Here we present the high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the outer envelope protein 21 (OEP21) from garden pea, the main exit pore for TPs in C3plants. OEP21 is a cone-shaped β-barrel pore with a highly positively charged interior that enables binding and translocation of negatively charged metabolites in a competitive manner, up to a size of ~1 kDa. ATP stabilizes the channel and keeps it in an open state. Despite the broad substrate selectivity of OEP21, these results suggest that control of metabolite transport across the OE might be possible.
Coastal survey data for Perranporth Beach and Start Bay in southwest England (2006–2021)
Authors: McCarroll R. J. , Valiente N. G. , Wiggins M. , Scott T. , Masselink G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecords of beach morphologic change and concurrent hydrodynamic forcing are needed to understand how coastlines in different environments change over time. This submission contains data for the period 2006 to 2021, for two contrasting macrotidal environments in southwest England: (i) cross-shore dominated, dissipative, sandy Perranporth Beach, Cornwall; and (ii) longshore-dominated, reflective gravel beaches within Start Bay, Devon. Data comprise monthly to annual beach profile surveys, annual merged topo-bathymetries, in addition to observed and numerically modelled wave and water levels. These data provide a valuable resource for modelling the behaviour of coastal types not covered by other currently available datasets.
Unique inverse association between allergic rhinitis and periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Kim Dae-Yeob , Lee Jae-Kwan , Pang Eun-Kyoung , Choi Seong-Ho , Lee Jong-Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increase in fine dust levels in the atmosphere has been associated with a growth in the incidence of environmental diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR). Nasal obstruction caused by AR can impact the conditions in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to determine the association between AR and periodontitis in the Republic of Korea. This study was based on data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1, 2016), which was conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The study included 6129 adults older than 19 years. Sociodemographic information and medical variables including history of treatment of periodontitis (HTP) reflecting diagnosis of periodontitis and diagnosis of diseases such as AR were extracted from the data. HTP and AR were reported for 22.81 ± 0.84% (weighted percentage ± standard error) and 15.32 ± 0.63% of the studied population, respectively. A diagnosis of AR was reported for 11.07 ± 1.28% of those with HTP and for 17.55 ± 1.84% of those without HTP. From these, it was inferred that the prevalence of HTP was 1.536-fold higher in the non-AR group than in their counterparts with AR. Significant association was found between AR and HTP among those aged ≤ 64 years and the odds ratio (OR) of AR group for HTP was 0.62 (95% confidence interval:0.44–0.87; P = 0.0057). From this result, it can be inferred that patients diagnosed AR have lower risk of periodontitis.
Assessing the application of the revised Remane Model to fish species in a fluvially dominated cool-temperate southern African coastal system
Authors: Nashima Festus P. , Strydom Nadine A. , Lamberth Stephen J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEstuaries are ecologically important areas which support a variety of aquatic species, particularly marine and estuarine fish species. This study represents a case study of the Orange River and Estuary (ORE) to understand patterns in fish assemblages and diversity trends that were compared to the revised Remane Model predictions in an estuary with poor marine fish species richness. A total of 30 species were recorded in the River continuum that comprised 14 freshwater, 10 marine and six estuarine species. Species diversity revealed seasonal variation in fish assemblages during the high-flow and low-flow seasons but not inter-annually. The results revealed that species diversity is lower in higher salinity areas when compared to low salinity areas. These patterns are consistent with the biogeographical trend of decreasing species richness along the South African coast from east to west, however, inconsistent with Remane predictions. The extremely low marine fish richness at its lower end and the extremely large freshwater influx at its upper end are the primary causes of the inconsistency. This may reflects the unsuitability of the Remane model for the Orange Estuary. In comparison to similar river-dominated South African estuaries, the ORE has a low marine species richness. When compared to more conventional South African estuaries, the ORE has a unique biotic environment with low fish species richness of estuarine-associated marine species adjacent to the Benguela upwelling zone and therefore the region does not offer suitable habitat for such species. As a result, the ORE is not a good candidate to test the Remane Model. The data does, however, confirm the left-hand part of the Remane model, which shows a decline in the fish species richness of freshwater fish species as salinity rises towards mesohaline and polyhaline levels.
The value of EYA1/3/4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study from multiple databases
Authors: Liu Taobin , Nie Jianqiang , Zhang Xiaoming , Deng Xinxi , Fu Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is evidence from multiple studies that dysregulation of the Eyes Absent (EYA) protein plays multiple roles in many cancers. Despite this, little is known about the prognostic significance of the EYAs family in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We systematically analyzed the value of EYAs in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Our analysis included examining transcriptional levels, mutations, methylated modifications, co-expression, protein–protein interactions (PPIs), immune infiltration, single-cell sequencing, drug sensitivity, and prognostic values. We based our analysis on data from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), UALCAN, TIMER, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite. In patients with ccRCC, the EYA1 gene was significantly highly expressed, while the expression of EYA2/3/4 genes showed the opposite trend. The level of expression of the EYA1/3/4 gene was significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC patients. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses revealed EYA1/3 as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, establishing nomogram line plots with good predictive power. Meanwhile, the number of mutations in EYAs was also significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with ccRCC. Mechanistically, EYAs genes play an essential role in a wide range of biological processes such as DNA metabolism and double-strand break repair in ccRCC. The majority of EYAs members were related to the infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity, and methylation levels. Furthermore, our experiment confirmed that EYA1 gene expression was upregulated, and EYA2/3/4 showed low expression in ccRCC. The increased expression of EYA1 might play an important role in ccRCC oncogenesis, and the decreased expression of EYA3/4 could function as a tumor suppressor, suggesting EYA1/3/4 might serve as valuable prognostic markers and potential new therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
CoVnita, an end-to-end privacy-preserving framework for SARS-CoV-2 classification
Authors: Sim Jun Jie , Zhou Weizhuang , Chan Fook Mun , Annamalai Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva , Deng Xiaoxia , Tan Benjamin Hong Meng , Aung Khin Mi Mi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClassification of viral strains is essential in monitoring and managing the COVID-19 pandemic, but patient privacy and data security concerns often limit the extent of the open sharing of full viral genome sequencing data. We propose a framework called CoVnita, that supports private training of a classification model and secure inference with the same model. Using genomic sequences from eight common SARS-CoV-2 strains, we simulated scenarios where the data was distributed across multiple data providers. Our framework produces a private federated model, over 8 parties, with a classification AUROC of 0.99, given a privacy budget of $$\varepsilon =1$$

ε
=
1

. The roundtrip time, from encryption to decryption, took a total of 0.298 s, with an amortized time of 74.5 ms per sample.
Deep fake detection and classification using error-level analysis and deep learning
Authors: Rafique Rimsha , Gantassi Rahma , Amin Rashid , Frnda Jaroslav , Mustapha Aida , Alshehri Asma Hassan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the wide availability of easy-to-access content on social media, along with the advanced tools and inexpensive computing infrastructure, has made it very easy for people to produce deep fakes that can cause to spread disinformation and hoaxes. This rapid advancement can cause panic and chaos as anyone can easily create propaganda using these technologies. Hence, a robust system to differentiate between real and fake content has become crucial in this age of social media. This paper proposes an automated method to classify deep fake images by employing Deep Learning and Machine Learning based methodologies. Traditional Machine Learning (ML) based systems employing handcrafted feature extraction fail to capture more complex patterns that are poorly understood or easily represented using simple features. These systems cannot generalize well to unseen data. Moreover, these systems are sensitive to noise or variations in the data, which can reduce their performance. Hence, these problems can limit their usefulness in real-world applications where the data constantly evolves. The proposed framework initially performs an Error Level Analysis of the image to determine if the image has been modified. This image is then supplied to Convolutional Neural Networks for deep feature extraction. The resultant feature vectors are then classified via Support Vector Machines and K-Nearest Neighbors by performing hyper-parameter optimization. The proposed method achieved the highest accuracy of 89.5% via Residual Network and K-Nearest Neighbor. The results prove the efficiency and robustness of the proposed technique; hence, it can be used to detect deep fake images and reduce the potential threat of slander and propaganda.
Melatonin influences methyl jasmonate-induced protection of photosynthetic activity in wheat plants against heat stress by regulating ethylene-synthesis genes and antioxidant metabolism
Authors: Sehar Zebus , Fatma Mehar , Khan Sheen , Mir Iqbal R. , Abdi Gholamreza , Khan Nafees A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMelatonin (MT) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play important roles in the adaptation of plants to different stress factors by modulating stress tolerance mechanisms. The present study reports the involvement of MT (100 µM) in MeJA (10 µM)-induced photosynthetic performance and heat stress acclimation through regulation of the antioxidant metabolism and ethylene production in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Plants exposed to 40 °C for 6 h per day for 15 days and allowed to retrieve at 28 °C showed enhanced oxidative stress and antioxidant metabolism, increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) activity and ethylene production, and decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, the exogenously applied MT and MeJA reduced oxidative stress through improved S-assimilation (+ 73.6% S content), antioxidant defense system (+ 70.9% SOD, + 115.8% APX and + 104.2% GR, and + 49.5% GSH), optimized ethylene level to 58.4% resulting in improved photosynthesis by 75%. The use of p-chlorophenyl alanine, a MT biosynthesis inhibitor along with MeJA in the presence of heat stress reduced the photosynthetic performance, ATP-S activity and GSH content, substantiated the requirement of MT in the MeJA-induced photosynthetic response of plants under heat stress. These findings suggest that MeJA evoked the plant’s ability to withstand heat stress by regulating the S-assimilation, antioxidant defense system, and ethylene production, and improving photosynthetic performance was dependent on MT.
Short hydrophobic loop motifs in BRICHOS domains determine chaperone activity against amorphous protein aggregation but not against amyloid formation
Authors: Chen Gefei , Leppert Axel , Poska Helen , Nilsson Harriet E. , Alvira Carlos Piedrafita , Zhong Xueying , Koeck Philip , Jegerschöld Caroline , Abelein Axel , Hebert Hans , Johansson Jan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractATP-independent molecular chaperones are important for maintaining cellular fitness but the molecular determinants for preventing aggregation of partly unfolded protein substrates remain unclear, particularly regarding assembly state and basis for substrate recognition. The BRICHOS domain can perform small heat shock (sHSP)-like chaperone functions to widely different degrees depending on its assembly state and sequence. Here, we observed three hydrophobic sequence motifs in chaperone-active domains, and found that they get surface-exposed when the BRICHOS domain assembles into larger oligomers. Studies of loop-swap variants and site-specific mutants further revealed that the biological hydrophobicities of the three short motifs linearly correlate with the efficiency to prevent amorphous protein aggregation. At the same time, they do not at all correlate with the ability to prevent ordered amyloid fibril formation. The linear correlations also accurately predict activities of chimeras containing short hydrophobic sequence motifs from a sHSP that is unrelated to BRICHOS. Our data indicate that short, exposed hydrophobic motifs brought together by oligomerisation are sufficient and necessary for efficient chaperone activity against amorphous protein aggregation.
Mercury isotope evidence for marine photic zone euxinia across the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Sun Ruoyu , Liu Yi , Sonke Jeroen E. , Feifei Zhang , Zhao Yaqiu , Zhang Yonggen , Chen Jiubin , Liu Cong-Qiang , Shen Shuzhong , Anbar Ariel D. , Zheng Wang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe driving forces, kill and recovery mechanisms for the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME), the largest Phanerozoic biological crisis, are under debate. Sedimentary records of mercury enrichment and mercury isotopes have suggested the impact of volcanism on the EPME, yet the causes of mercury enrichment and isotope variations remain controversial. Here, we model mercury isotope variations across the EPME to quantitatively assess the effects of volcanism, terrestrial erosion and photic zone euxinia (PZE, toxic, sulfide-rich conditions). Our numerical model shows that while large-scale volcanism remains the main driver of widespread mercury enrichment, the negative shifts of Δ199Hg isotope signature across the EPME cannot be fully explained by volcanism or terrestrial erosion as proposed before, but require additional fractionation by marine mercury photoreduction under enhanced PZE conditions. Thus our model provides further evidence for widespread and prolonged PZE as a key kill mechanism for both the EPME and the impeded recovery afterward.
Word Learning With Orthographic Support in Nonspeaking and Minimally Speaking School-Age Autistic Children
Authors: Clark Grace T. , Reuterskiöld Christina 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Previous research has demonstrated that typically developing children, verbal children with a diagnosis of autism, children with Down syndrome, children with developmental language disorder, and children with dyslexia can all benefit from orthographic support during word learning tasks. This study sought to determine if minimally speaking or nonspeaking children with a diagnosis of autism would also demonstrate an orthographic facilitation effect during a computer-based remote word learning task.

Method:
Twenty-two school-age children with a diagnosis of autism and little to no spoken language learned four novel words by contrasting the words with known objects. Two novel words were taught with orthographic support present, and two were taught without orthographic support. Participants were exposed to the words a total of 12 times and then given an immediate posttest to assess identification. Parent report measures of receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, autism symptomatology, and reading skills were also collected.

Results:
During learning tasks, participants performed equally well whether orthographic support was given or not. For the posttest, however, participants performed significantly better for words that were taught with orthographic support. The presence of orthography improved accuracy and supported a greater number of participants to reach the passing criterion compared to the absence of orthography. Orthographic representations aided the word learning of those with lower expressive language significantly more than those with higher expressive language.

Conclusions:
Minimally speaking or nonspeaking children with a diagnosis of autism benefit from orthographic support when learning new words. Further investigation is warranted to determine if this effect holds during face-to-face interactions using augmentative and alternative communication systems.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22465492
Design, fabrication, and realisation of a robotic fish actuated by dielectric elastomer with a passive fin
Authors: Wang Zekai , Lou Junqiang , Xiao Xingdong , Li Guoping , Deng Yimin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRobotic fish actuated by smart materials has attracted extensive attention and has been widely used in many applications. In this study, a robotic fish actuated by dielectric elastomer (DE) films is proposed. The tensile behaviours of DE film VHB4905 are studied, and the Ogden constitutive equation is employed to describe the stress‐strain behaviour of the DE film. The fabrication processes of the robotic fish, including pre‐stretching treatment of the DE films, electrode coating with carbon paste, and waterproof treatment, are illustrated in detail. The dynamic response of the fabricated DE actuators under different excitation voltages is tested based on the experimental setup. Experimental results show that the first‐order natural frequencies of the obtained DE actuator in air is 4.05 Hz. Finally, the swimming performances of the proposed robotic fish at different driving levels are demonstrated, and it achieves an average swimming speed of 20.38 mm/s, with a driving voltage of 5kV at 0.8 Hz.