bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitrust Protectionism: Escaping the Perils of Anti-Suit Injunctions Through WTO Law
Authors: Borgogno Oscar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This piece delves into the global surge of antitrust litigation involving intellectual property–related “antisuit injunctions” (“ASIs”), a judicial remedy with extraterritorial impact aimed at curtailing patent holders from enforcing their rights protecting technologies essential for the implementation of technical standards (standard essential patents). Litigants are racing to secure their preferred legal venue for establishing worldwide licensing rates, while also attempting to prevent patent holders from initiating patent infringement proceedings elsewhere using ASIs. This phenomenon poses an inherent risk of exacerbating the current trade fragmentation trend across geopolitical blocks and has already led to an ongoing dispute at the World Trade Organization between the European Union and China. This paper argues that the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights offers a readily available solution to counter the perils of antitrust protectionism by prohibiting barriers to legitimate trade that do not include safeguards against abuse of enforcement procedures (that is, ASIs with an overly broad scope).
Sickle cell disease severity and outcomes in Anuak patients: a scoping review
Authors: Geway Gemechu , Prokop Larry J , Ferdjallah Asmaa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Southeast Minnesota is home to a significant population of Anuak individuals who seek care within the Mayo Clinic Health Systems. The city of Austin, MN is home to a population numbering around 450 Anuak individuals who are seen at the Mayo Clinic Austin location as well as the Rochester main campus of Mayo Clinic. In total, more than 3000 Anuak individuals live in Minnesota in what is considered to be the largest Anuak population outside of East Africa. For pediatric patients with SCD, 15 of 20 (75%) are Anuak. The majority of these patients have severe SCD with chronic anemia, frequent pain crises, cardiac ventricular enlargement, acute chest pain, and multiple hospital admissions. The objective of this review is to understand what is known about SCD, the severity of phenotype, and outcomes in the published literature regarding this special population. A scoping review was conducted using primarily OVID databases. Only 2 studies met established criteria. Unfortunately, both sources of literature were dated and not consistent with current trends. Despite communicating with colleagues in Ethiopia, there does not exist accurate or robust data about the incidence or prevalence of SCD among the Anuak people. The local Anuak diaspora in Southeast Minnesota likely represents the best current data and representation in this patient population. There is a need for further research regarding SCD outcomes in this special population.
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a case study
Authors: Assila Saad , Khmou Mouna , Mahdi Youssef , El Khannoussi Basma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) is a rare and newly recognized subtype of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas, introduced in the 2020 World Health Organization Classification. This tumor likely originates from Müllerian-derived tissues and often mimics more common ovarian cancers, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. This case study details a 36-year-old woman who presented with urinary symptoms following a hysterectomy. Imaging revealed a significant left ovarian mass, initially misdiagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Pathological evaluation ultimately confirmed MLA, characterized by diverse architectural patterns and specific immunohistochemical markers. The patient underwent chemotherapy due to the locally advanced disease. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of MLA and emphasizes the need for awareness among clinicians to prevent misdiagnosis. Given its aggressive nature and tendency to early recurrence, further research is essential for establishing standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols for this rare malignancy.
The role of thermal feedback in the growth of planetary cores by pebble accretion in dust traps
Authors: Cummins Daniel P , Owen James E 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
High-resolution millimetre-imaging of protoplanetary discs has revealed many containing rings and gaps. These rings can contain large quantities of dust, often in excess of 10 $\mathrm{ M}_{\oplus }$, providing prime sites for efficient and rapid planet formation. Rapid planet formation will produce high accretion luminosities, heating the surrounding disc. We investigate the importance of a planetary embryo’s accretion luminosity by simulating the dynamics of the gas and dust in a dust ring, accounting for the energy liberated as a resident planetary embryo accretes. The resulting heating alters the flow structure near the planet, increasing the accretion rate of large, millimetre-to-centimetre-sized dust grains. We show how this process varies with the mass of dust in the ring and the local background gas temperature, demonstrating that the thermal feedback always acts to increase the planet’s mass. This increase in planet mass is driven primarily by the formation of vortices, created by a baroclinic instability once the accreting planet heats the disc significantly outside its Hill radius. The vortices can then migrate with respect to the planet, resulting in a complex interplay between planetary growth, gap-opening, dust trapping, and vortex dynamics. Planets formed within dust traps can have masses that exceed the classical pebble isolation mass, potentially providing massive seeds for the future formation of giant planets. Once pebble accretion ceases, the local dust size distribution is depleted in large grains, and much of the remaining dust mass is trapped in the system’s L$_5$ Lagrange point, providing potentially observable signatures of this evolution.
Differences in the autoantibody phenotypes and long-term outcomes between juvenile- and adult-onset systemic sclerosis
Authors: Tsuji Hideaki , Shirakashi Mirei , Hiwa Ryosuke , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Onishi Akira , Yoshifuji Hajime , Tanaka Masao , Morinobu Akio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective
To investigate differences in autoantibodies, clinical features, and long-term outcomes between juvenile- and adult-onset systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods
Autoantibodies and survival rates over a maximum of 20 years were retrospectively analysed in 504 Japanese patients with SSc (juvenile-onset SSc, n = 17; adult-onset SSc, n = 487) using data from Kyoto University Registry.

Results
: The autoantibodies observed were anti-topoisomerase-I (71% vs. 26%), anti-centromere (24% vs. 54%), and anti-RNA-polymerase-III (0% vs. 12%). A diffuse type and multiorgan involvement were observed in patients with anti-topoisomerase-I in both juvenile- and adult-onset SSc. In patients with anti-centromere, a diffuse type (juvenile-onset SSc vs. adult-onset SSc, 75% vs. 28%) and pulmonary fibrosis (50% vs. 17%) were more frequently observed in juvenile-onset SSc than in adult-onset SSc. Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that older onset (hazard ratio: 1.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.09) was associated with death, while autoantibodies were not significantly associated with death. Cumulative survival rates for 20 years were similar between juvenile- and adult-onset SSc when classified based on the presence of anti-centromere (100% vs. 89%, P = .20) and anti-topoisomerase-I (90% vs. 90%, P = .70).

Conclusions
: Juvenile-onset SSc had more frequent diffuse-type and anti-topoisomerase-I. An older onset was slightly associated with mortality, whereas autoantibodies were not associated with mortality.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Real World Data Infrastructure: A Big-Data Resource for Study of the Impact of COVID-19 in Patient Populations With Immunocompromising Conditions
Authors: Crawford James M , Penberthy Lynne , Pinto Ligia A , Althoff Keri N , Assimon Magdalene M , Cohen Oren , Gillim Laura , Hammonds Tracy L , Kapur Shilpa , Kaufman Harvey W , Kwasny David , Liew Jean W , Meyer William A , Reynolds Shannon L , Schleicher Cheryl B , Subbiah Suki , Theruviparampil Catherine , Wallace Zachary S , Warner Jeremy L , Yoon Suhyeon , Ziemba Yonah C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
We developed a United States–based real-world data resource to better understand the continued impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on immunocompromised patients, who are typically underrepresented in prospective studies and clinical trials.

Methods
The COVID-19 Real World Data infrastructure (CRWDi) was created by linking and harmonizing de-identified HealthVerity medical and pharmacy claims data from 1 December 2018 to 31 December 2023, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virologic and serologic laboratory data from major commercial laboratories and Northwell Health; COVID-19 vaccination data; and, for patients with cancer, 2010 to 2021 National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data.

Results
The CRWDi contains 4 cohorts: patients with cancer; patients with rheumatic diseases receiving pharmacotherapy; noncancer solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients; and people from the general population including adults and pediatric patients. The project successfully linked and harmonized longitudinal, de-identified data on 5.2 million unique patients using privacy-preserving record lineage techniques. The system was developed in early 2024 and rapidly deployed, enabling longitudinal analysis of patient healthcare over the full geography of delivery settings and exploration of novel questions for populations at high risk for adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
The successful development of the CRWDi enables researchers to address unanswered questions that have arisen during the COVID-19 pandemic. By making the data broadly and freely available to academic researchers, this real-world data system represents an important complement to existing consortia and clinical trials that have emerged during the healthcare crisis and is readily reproducible for future purposing.
Using mobile phone survey paradata for process evaluations and improvements: best practices and lessons learned from nine surveys in seven sites
Authors: Siesel Casey J , Lee Juliette , Phadnis Rachael , Davlin Stacy , Brevik Tobias , Lea Veronica 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The use of mobile phone surveys (MPS) for regionally or nationally representative data allows for quick, efficient and affordable data collection for monitoring trends and generating results to guide action. By digitizing this process, data flows can be expanded to include metadata and paradata that allow survey administrators to evaluate and improve survey processes and parameters. Between 2017 and early 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provided technical support to country partners to implement MPS gathering indicators on noncommunicable diseases within adult populations in seven countries. These surveys resulted in 37 591 completed interviews containing no personal identifiable information. When combined, these surveys result in over 25 million rows of paradata representing timestamped interactions between the data collection platform and each survey respondent. Using exploratory data analysis, five key metrics were identified which had implications on MPS process optimization: timing of engagement, question randomization, contacts to complete, errors and mode effect. The use of survey paradata allows for real-time process evaluations and identifies factors that can improve efficiency and effectiveness of MPS methods.
What Explains German Länder Governments’ Stances Towards Federalism?
Authors: Barbaro Salvatore , Rode Julia M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In federal systems, subnational governments often take highly asymmetric positions on questions of self-rule and shared rule. The German case is emblematic of this dynamic, as some state governments assert their primary role in legislative functions while others highlight the benefits of coordinated and uniform decision-making. Although the existing literature recognizes these differences, it often fails to fully disentangle the underlying reasons for this variation. This article examines several factors shaping the divergent positions of Länder, including historical legacies, party ideology, and cultural and religious differences. Our findings indicate that financial capacity is a key determinant of Länder governments’ stances on federalism questions.
What is rheumatoid factor? From screening to personalized management
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The RF is a representative autoantibody against the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of denatured IgG that is primarily detected in patients with RA. Although five types of TNF inhibitors can be used to treat RA, no guidelines are available for selecting the appropriate inhibitor for treatment. High serum RF levels are associated with high disease activity, progressive joint destruction, life prognosis associated with organ damage, decreased treatment responsiveness to TNF inhibitors and other drugs and low treatment retention rates. Meanwhile, certolizumab pegol (CZP), a TNF inhibitor without the Fc region, remains at high concentrations in the blood. Unlike other antibody drugs with the Fc region, CZP maintains efficacy in patients with high serum RF levels. When serum IgM-RF levels are high, antibody drugs with the Fc region are more likely to bind to IgM-RF and be degraded. Thus, CZP without the Fc region may be more favourable for patients with high serum RF levels.
The internationalization of science parks in China from a realist international relations perspective
Authors: Malta-Kira Thomas , Fu Xiaolan , Shi Liu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Science parks have been an integral component of the open national innovation system (ONIS). However, science park internationalization as an important yet neglected mechanism of international innovation cooperation is poorly understood. There has been limited understanding of the political dynamics in the international system that affect the nature and process of ‘opening’. This paper fills the gap by exploring the factors affecting internationalization of science parks from a realist perspective of international relations against the background of ONIS, based on case studies on China’s science parks. The results support our propositions that political interference in both China as the rising power and the dominant power (USA) has been a major factor affecting performance of science park internationalization when the process of ‘opening’ is intertwined with the strategic interests of the state on both sides. Findings from the study suggest the reconfiguration of ONIS in geopolitical context with significant policy implications.
Prevalence and impact of exploding head syndrome in a Japanese working population
Authors: Tsovoosed Uyanga , Sumi Yukiyoshi , Ozeki Yuji , Harada Akiko , Kadotani Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Study Objectives
Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a parasomnia characterized by the perception of loud noises, or explosions inside the head during the sleep-to-wake transition. The prevalence of EHS remains unclear. This survey aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and factors associated with EHS in this cohort.

Methods
As part of the Night in Japan Home Sleep Monitoring Study (NinjaSleep study), a cross-sectional survey was conducted among government employees in Koka City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan, in 2022. Participants were queried regarding their experiences with EHS as defined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd Edition, including sudden loud noises or sensations of explosions, subsequent abrupt awakenings and feelings of fright. Various standardized instruments were employed to evaluate depression, anxiety, insomnia, quality of life, and fatigue.

Results
Of the 2081 employees invited to participate, 1878 completed the survey. After excluding respondents with epilepsy and incomplete responses, 1843 participants were deemed eligible for analysis. Among them, 46 (2.49%) reported experiencing sudden noises or sensations of explosions, with 23 (1.25%) meeting the diagnostic criteria for EHS. The EHS was significantly related to the scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Athens insomnia scale, and Chalder fatigue scale, even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and categorized mean sleep duration.

Conclusion
This study elucidates the prevalence of EHS among the Japanese population and underscores its potential association with insomnia symptoms and various psychological factors.
FABP5 regulates ROS‐NLRP3 inflammasome in glutamate‐induced retinal excitotoxic glaucomatous model
Authors: Zeng Zhou , You Mengling , Fan Cong , Jiang Jian , Xia Xiaobo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a class of small molecular mass intracellular lipid chaperone proteins that bind to hydrophobic ligands, such as long‐chain fatty acids. FABP5 expression was significantly upregulated in the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) model, the microbead‐induced chronic glaucoma model, and the DBA/2J mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that FABP5 can mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in ischemic neurons, but the role of FABP5 in oxidative stress and cell death in retina NMDA injury models is unclear. In this study, we found that FABP5 is significantly altered in a model of glutamate excitotoxicity and is regulated by Stat3. Inhibition of FABP5 alleviated oxidative stress imbalance and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, and ultimately attenuated glutamate excitotoxicity‐induced retinal ganglion cell loss. Meanwhile, caspase1 inhibitors could alleviate the retinal ganglion cell loss induced by glutamate excitotoxicity. In conclusion, FABP5 inhibition protects retina ganglion cells from excitotoxic damage by suppressing the ROS‐NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. FABP5 maybe a promising new target for glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.
Hantaan virus glycoprotein Gc induces NEDD4‐dependent PTEN ubiquitination and degradation to escape the restriction of autophagosomes and facilitate viral propagation
Authors: Lu Shuang , Chen Shuliang , Zhang Yuqing , Mou Xiaoli , Li Mingyang , Zhu Shaowei , Chen Xingyuan , Strandin Tomas M. , Jiang Yale , Xiang Zhoufu , Liu Yuanyuan , Xiong Hairong , Guo Deyin , Chen Liangjun , Li Yirong , Hou Wei , Luo Fan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans and the infectious process can be regulated by autophagy. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein has antiviral effects and plays a critical role in the autophagy pathway. However, the relationship between PTEN and HTNV infection is not clear and whether PTEN‐regulated autophagy involves in HTNV replication is unknown. Here, we identified that HTNV infection inhibits PTEN expression in vitro and in vivo. The HTNV glycoprotein Gc promotes PTEN ubiquitination and degradation through 26S‐proteasome pathway via the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4. In addition, knockdown of PTEN prevents autophagy and increases HTNV production, while overexpression of PTEN induces autophagosome formation which can wrap HTNV particles, thus leading to restrain the production of progeny viruses. Altogether, our findings reveal the role of PTEN in HTNV infection by autophagy, highlighting the potential importance of PTEN and autophagy in the treatment of HFRS diseases.
What is the Surgical Burden of Treatment for High-Energy Lower Extremity Trauma? A Secondary Analysis of the OUTLET Study
Authors: Stewart Christopher C. , Reider Lisa , Soifer Rachel , Namiri Nikan K. , O'Toole Robert V. , Karunakar Madhav A , Potter Benjamin K. , Bosse Michael , Morshed Saam ,   METRC
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES:
To describe and enumerate surgeries for patients who underwent reconstruction or amputation after severe distal tibia, ankle, and mid to hindfoot injuries.

METHODS:

Design: Secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study

Setting:
31 U.S. level-I trauma centers and 3 military treatment facilities

Patient Selection Criteria:
Participants aged 18 to 60 with Gustilo type-III pilon (OTA 43B or 43C), IIIB or C ankle fracture (OTA 44A, 44B, or 44C), type-III talar or calcaneal fracture (OTA 81B, 82B, or 82C), or open or closed crush or blast injuries to the hindfoot or midfoot who underwent limb reconstruction or amputation from 2012 to 2017.

Outcome Measurements and Comparisons:
Number of temporizing, definitive, and complication surgeries were compared by treatment and injury.

RESULTS:
574 participants with 221 ankle and pilon, 140 talus and calcaneal, and 213 other foot injuries were followed for 18 months. The mean age was 38 (range 8-64) and 33% were female. Participants underwent reconstruction (n=472), primary amputation (n=76), and failed reconstruction followed by amputation (n=26). 841 temporizing, 958 definitive, and 501 complication surgeries were performed. The number of surgeries was highest for those who underwent failed reconstruction (mean 5.8, 95% CI: 4.9-6.8, range 3-13) compared to reconstruction (mean 3.8, 95% CI: 3.5-4.0, range 1-21), and primary amputation (mean 4.9, 95% CI: 4.3-5.5, range 2-14) (p<0.01). Those with ankle and pilon injuries required more surgeries (4.7, 95% CI: 4.3-5.1, range 1-21) than hindfoot (3.4, 95% CI: 3.0-3.7, range 1-10), and other foot injuries (3.7, 95% CI: 3.4-4.0, range 1-14) (p<0.01). The average participant would complete definitive treatment 23 days after their injury, and those who required surgery for a complication spent 41 days in the complication phase of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with high-energy lower extremity trauma underwent nearly 4 surgeries over 3 weeks until completion of definitive treatment, regardless of whether they underwent limb reconstruction or amputation. Those with ankle or pilon injuries and failed reconstruction attempts experienced the most operations, and those with complications required over an additional month of surgical care. These data may inform a shared decision-making process around limb optimization.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level II