bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis for inhibition of methane clathrate growth by a deep subsurface bacterial protein
Authors: Huard Dustin J E , Johnson Abigail M , Fan Zixing , Kenney Lydia G , Xu Manlin , Drori Ran , Gumbart James C , Dai Sheng , Lieberman Raquel L , Glass Jennifer B 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMethane clathrates on continental margins contain the largest stores of hydrocarbons on Earth, yet the role of biomolecules in clathrate formation and stability remains almost completely unknown. Here, we report new methane clathrate-binding proteins (CbpAs) of bacterial origin discovered in metagenomes from gas clathrate-bearing ocean sediments. CbpAs show similar suppression of methane clathrate growth as the commercial gas clathrate inhibitor polyvinylpyrrolidone and inhibit clathrate growth at lower concentrations than antifreeze proteins (AFPs) previously tested. Unlike AFPs, CbpAs are selective for clathrate over ice. CbpA3 adopts a nonglobular, extended structure with an exposed hydrophobic surface, and, unexpectedly, its TxxxAxxxAxx motif common to AFPs is buried and not involved in clathrate binding. Instead, simulations and mutagenesis suggest a bipartite interaction of CbpAs with methane clathrate, with the pyrrolidine ring of a highly conserved proline residue mediating binding by filling empty clathrate cages. The discovery that CbpAs exert such potent control on methane clathrate properties implies that biomolecules from native sediment bacteria may be important for clathrate stability and habitability.
A controllable gelatin-based microcarriers fabrication system for the whole procedures of MSCs amplification and tissue engineering
Authors: Wang Zixian , Zhang Xiuxiu , Xue Limin , Wang Gangwei , Li Xinda , Chen Jianwei , Xu Ruxiang , Xu Tao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Biopolymer microbeads present substantial benefits for cell expansion, tissue engineering, and drug release applications. However, a fabrication system capable of producing homogeneous microspheres with high precision and controllability for cell proliferation, passaging, harvesting and downstream application is limited. Therefore, we developed a co-flow microfluidics-based system for the generation of uniform and size-controllable gelatin-based microcarriers (GMs) for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expansion and tissue engineering. Our evaluation of GMs revealed superior homogeneity and efficiency of cellular attachment, expansion and harvest, and MSCs expanded on GMs exhibited high viability while retaining differentiation multipotency. Optimization of passaging and harvesting protocols was achieved through the addition of blank GMs and treatment with collagenase, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MSC-loaded GMs were printable and could serve as building blocks for tissue regeneration scaffolds. These results suggested that our platform held promise for the fabrication of uniform GMs with downstream application of MSC culture, expansion and tissue engineering.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of Danish soil samples reveals new insight into the hidden diversity of eutardigrades in Denmark
Authors: Pust Frida Løkkegaard , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg , Møbjerg Nadja 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tardigrades are rarely included in large biodiversity surveys, mainly because of the impracticalities that follow larger sampling and identification of these microscopic animals. Consequently, there is a lack of data on their biogeographical distribution. Here, we analyse environmental DNA sequences of eutardigrades obtained with a metabarcoding protocol on Danish soil samples collected during a national biodiversity project (Biowide). Specifically, we aimed to investigate the applicability of the V4 region (~400 bp) of the 18S rRNA marker gene to assign taxonomy to 96 eutardigrade molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), using three different methods (alignment-, tree- and phylogeny-based methods). Tardigrade reference libraries are currently suffering from insufficient taxon coverage, in some cases challenging the interpretation of data based on similarity searches. This can, to some extent, be accounted for by supplementing identification with algorithms that incorporate a backbone phylogeny and infer models of evolution. Together, the present findings suggest that the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene offers a promising tool to identify unknown MOTUs of eutardigrades to genus or family level and can, in some cases, be used to assign to species level.
Managing Comorbid Tobacco Use Disorder for Individuals With Schizophrenia: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Dhaliwal Arash K. , Bahji Anees , Danilewitz Marlon 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Smoking and tobacco use disorder (TUD) is highly prevalent among individuals with serious and persistent mental illness, particularly those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this clinical case column, we highlight an encounter involving a successful initiation of bupropion for smoking cessation in an individual with schizophrenia. We also review the relevant literature around the epidemiology of TUD among people with schizophrenia, highlight the increased complications and mortality secondary to TUD, and discuss relevant strategies for clinicians to support individuals with serious and persistent mental illness aiming to reduce or stop their tobacco consumption.
Le tabagisme et le trouble de l’usage du tabac (TUT) sont très répandus chez les personnes souffrant de maladies mentales graves et persistantes (MMGP), en particulier celles atteintes de troubles du spectre de la schizophrénie. Dans cette chronique de cas cliniques, nous mettons en évidence une rencontre impliquant une initiation réussie du bupropion pour le sevrage tabagique chez une personne atteinte de schizophrénie. Nous passons également en revue la littérature pertinente concernant l'épidémiologie du TUT chez les personnes atteintes de schizophrénie, soulignons l’augmentation des complications et de la mortalité secondaires au TUT, et discutons des stratégies pertinentes pour les cliniciens afin de soutenir les personnes atteintes de MMGP visant à réduire ou à arrêter leur consommation de tabac.
Venous thromboembolism and acute myeloid leukemia: risk factors and mortality in elderly white, black and Asian patients
Authors: Faiz Ambarina S. , Guo Shuang , Sridharan Ashwin , Lin Yong , Philipp Claire S. 
Published: August 2023

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are not known by race.
The aim of this study was to determine the association of VTE with known risk factors and the impact of VTE on mortality in elderly white, black and Asian patients with AML.
The merged SEER-Medicare database (2000–2015) was used for patients aged at least 65 years diagnosed with AML. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of VTE with known risk factors and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of VTE with mortality in white, black and Asian patients.
Among 21 403 AML patients aged at least 65years, VTE was diagnosed in 10.6% of 18 731 white patients, 13.4% of 1362 black and 5.6% of 1310 Asian patients. Overall, the adjusted risk of VTE in black patients was similar to white patients, but Asian patients had a lower risk of VTE. Risk factors for VTE in white patients were age less than 75 years, female sex, chemotherapy and comorbid medical conditions, including hypertension, anemia, chronic kidney and lung disease, hyperlipidemia, heart failure and obesity. In black patients, hyperlipidemia, and heart failure and in Asian patients, age less than 75 years, female sex, chemotherapy and hypertension and myocardial infarction were associated with VTE. Central venous catheter placement was a predictor of VTE in all three races.
Our study identified risk factors for VTE by race in elderly white, black and Asian AML patients.
Investigating the influence of long-axial versus short-axial field of view PET/CT on stage migration in lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Alberts Ian , Seibel Sigrid , Xue Song , Viscione Marco , Mingels Clemens , Sari Hasan , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Limacher Andreas , Rominger Axel 
Published: August 2023

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) on stage migration using a large single-centre retrospective cohort in lymphoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
A retrospective study is performed for patients undergoing PET/computed tomography (CT) on either a short-axial field-of-view (SAFOV) or LAFOV PET/CT system for the staging of known or suspected NSCLC or for therapeutic response in lymphoma. The primary endpoint was the Deauville therapy response score for patients with lymphoma for the two systems. Secondary endpoints were the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage for NSCLC, the frequency of cN3 and cM1 findings, the probability for a positive nodal staging (cN1-3) for NSCLC and the diagnostic accuracy for nodal staging in NSCLC.

Results
One thousand two hundred eighteen records were screened and 597 patients were included for analysis (N = 367 for lymphoma and N = 291 for NSCLC). For lymphoma, no significant differences were found in the proportion of patients with complete metabolic response versus non-complete metabolic response Deauville response scores (P = 0.66). For NSCLC no significant differences were observed between the two scanners for the frequency of cN3 and cM1 findings, for positive nodal staging, neither the sensitivity nor the specificity.

Conclusions
In this study use of a LAFOV system was neither associated with upstaging in lymphoma nor NSCLC compared to a digital SAFOV system. Diagnostic accuracy was comparable between the two systems in NSCLC despite shorter acquisition times for LAFOV.
Bilateral renal angiomyolipoma with left renal artery aneurysm in tuberous sclerosis: case report and literature review
Authors: Barabrah Anas M. , Dukmak Osama N. , Toukan Anas R. , Dabbas Fida’ M. , Emar Mohammad , Rajai Alhusseini 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and importance:
Tuberous sclerosis disorder (TSD) is a rare genetic disease that causes abnormal growths or tumors in various organs of the body. They are usually benign and asymptomatic. However, severe, rapidly growing tuberous sclerosis can be fatal. Renal angiomyolipomas are commonly associated with TSD, which can be further worsened by the presence of aneurysms and put the patient at risk for life-threatening hemorrhage.

Case presentation:
A 29-year-old female presented to the emergency room complaining of right flank pain with an unknown past medical history of tuberous sclerosis. The patient was suspected to have TSD as she fulfilled one of the major features of TSD required to establish a possible diagnosis. On computed tomography scan imaging, bilateral fat-density nodules were revealed in both kidneys. The largest is 7 cm in the left kidney, located at the upper pole, and was associated with a bleeding aneurysm measuring 4 cm in diameter. While the other fatty nodule was recorded at 6 cm in the right kidney at the lower pole.

Clinical discussion:
After evaluation, the patient was planned for diagnostic catheterization of the left kidney, through which selective angiography of the left kidney was done, and eventually, selective embolization of the branch supplying the left angiomyolipoma was performed.

Conclusion:
The authors finally conclude that thorough investigations, including systemic manifestations, must be taken into consideration when suspecting tuberous sclerosis, and a conservative approach must always be prioritized before taking any decision toward invasive approaches.
Primary cerebral angiosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Arafat Hasan R. , Badawi Muath , Ramahi Mahmoud , Fatayer Mohammad , Atrash Fadi 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and importance:
Central nervous system sarcomas are rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. Angiosarcomas are an even rarer subtype with poor prognosis and no consensus regarding therapeutic approach.

Case presentation:
This article presents the case of a 50-year-old Palestinian female patient with a history of treated breast cancer who presented to the emergency room with a tonic-clonic seizure. Brain computed tomography showed a cerebral space-occupying lesion managed with craniotomy and gross tumor resection. Histopathology revealed an epithelioid cerebral angiosarcoma. The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide resulting in the resolution of the tumor as well as symptoms and complaints.

Clinical discussion:
Primary cerebral epithelioid angiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor of an unknown etiology. The patient history of breast created an additional challenge, as recurrence with metastasis had to be excluded. Signs of blood product degradation are an important radiological feature. According to existing literature, gross tumor resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy offers the best approach and outcome.

Conclusion:
Cerebral angiosarcoma is a rare disease with a challenging therapeutic approach due to the scarcity of available literature. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions, especially in those with a history of exposure to radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry is key for diagnosis. Surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is associated with a longer disease-free survival when compared to either option alone.
Prevalence of acute myeloid leukemia and its associated risk factors at a tertiary care center: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chaurasiya Prem S. , Lamsal Dinesh K. , Khatri Akash , Parajuli Aalok , Shrestha Prem R. , Aryal Laxmi , Pokhrel Sapana , Gurung Shekhar , Karki Saurab , Khadka Manoj 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignant disorder of the bone marrow, accounting for 23.1% of total leukemia cases globally in 2017. This study aimed to know the prevalence of AML in a tertiary hospital center in Nepal and assess the associated etiological factors in the causation of AML.

Materials and methods:
A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with acute leukemia admitted to a tertiary care center in Kathmandu from 1 April 2021 to 30 April 2022. Three hundred and ten participants with acute leukemia were selected via a convenience sampling technique. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel 365 and then analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 22.0.

Results:
One hundred and forty five (46.7%) out of 310 acute leukemia patients had AML. Most of the cases were male (104, 71.7%) and aged 40–49 years (36, 24.8%). The most common signs and symptoms were pallor (115, 79.3%), fever (n=92, 63.4%), and lethargy/weakness (78, 53.8%). Ninety one (62.8%) patients underwent multiple cycles of chemotherapy while 51 (35.2%) had supportive care only, and 3 (2.1%) went bone marrow transplants.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of AML was higher as compared to AML in other studies done in a similar setting. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a good prognosis and cure in most cases.
Challenging the Conventional Treatment Initiation Paradigm: Early Detection of Irreversible Cellular Damage in Cardiac Biopsies of Fabry Disease Before the Formation of Gb3 Inclusion Bodies
Authors: Lee Chung-Lin , Chen Pei-Sin , Lu Yu-Ying , Yen Ching-Tzu , Huang Chun-Ying , Cheng Yen-Fu , Lin Hsiang-Yu , Hsu Chia-Lin , Chen Yun-Ru , Niu Dau-Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder that affects multiple organs including the heart. In this study, we investigated if early-stage globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation, before occurrence of inclusion bodies, could cause significant stress and irreversible damages of the cardiomyocytes in FD patients.MethodsImmunofluorescent (IF) staining was performed on fibroblasts from FD patients with IVS4 mutation and myocardial biopsies from G3Stg/GLAko mice and IVS4 FD patients. The staining targeted interleukin-18 (IL-18), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Remarkably, the mouse and human myocardial biopsies selected for this study showed detectable Gb3 accumulation under fluorescence but did not exhibit typical FD (Gb3 inclusion body) pathology. Additionally, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) IF staining was conducted to detect fibrosis.ResultsThe results showed that fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes of mice and patients had significant accumulation of inflammatory markers IL-18 and NF-κB, and oxidative stress marker iNOS. The presence of fibrosis was confirmed in these myocardial biopsies through strong positive staining of α-SMA, despite the absence of typical FD pathology.ConclusionsThis study suggests that significant cellular stress and even irreversible damages could exist before the typical pathological changes (inclusion bodies formation) in cardiomyocytes of FD. Based on our findings, it is evident that to prevent irreversible damage and improve the prognosis of patients with FD, treatment should be initiated much earlier than we currently thought.Clinical PerspectiveWhat Is New?Evidence suggests significant cellular stress and potential irreversible damage may precede inclusion body formation in Fabry cardiomyocytes.Inclusion body formation likely represents a later stage event following intracellular Gb3 accumulation past a critical threshold.What Are the Clinical Implications?These findings indicate a need to re-evaluate conventional Fabry diagnostic criteria.There is an emphasis on early therapeutic intervention to mitigate progressive cellular dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis.
The Pulse of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: A Comprehensive Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Large Language Models for Potential Use in Clinical Cardiology
Authors: Novak Andrej , Zeljković Ivan , Rode Fran , Lisičić Ante , Nola Iskra A. , Pavlović Nikola , Manola Šime 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver the past two years, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in clinical medicine has expanded significantly, particularly in cardiology, where they are applied to ECG interpretation, data analysis, and risk prediction. This study evaluates the performance of five advanced LLMs—Google Bard, GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4.0, GPT-4o, and GPT-o1-mini—in responding to cardiology-specific questions of varying complexity.MethodsA comparative analysis was conducted using four test sets of increasing difficulty, encompassing a range of cardiovascular topics, from prevention strategies to acute management and diverse pathologies. The models’ responses were assessed for accuracy, understanding of medical terminology, clinical relevance, and adherence to guidelines by a panel of experienced cardiologists.ResultsAll models demonstrated a foundational understanding of medical terminology but varied in clinical application and accuracy. GPT-4.0 exhibited superior performance, with accuracy rates of 92% (Set A), 88% (Set B), 80% (Set C), and 84% (Set D). GPT-4o and GPT-o1-mini closely followed, surpassing GPT-3.5 Turbo, which scored 83%, 64%, 67%, and 57%, and Google Bard, which achieved 79%, 60%, 50%, and 55%, respectively. Statistical analyses confirmed significant differences in performance across the models, particularly in the more complex test sets. While all models demonstrated potential for clinical application, their inability to reference ongoing clinical trials and some inconsistencies in guideline adherence highlight areas for improvement.ConclusionLLMs demonstrate considerable potential in interpreting and applying clinical guidelines to vignette-based cardiology queries, with GPT-4.0 leading in accuracy and guideline alignment. These tools offer promising avenues for augmenting clinical decision-making but should be used as complementary aids under professional supervision.
A community based cross-sectional study on impact assessment of COVID-19 on mental health in Central India
Authors: Gahwai Dharmendra , Dayama Sonal , Kumar Ravindra , Chandraker Sandip Kumar , Mishra Akanksha , Sahu Babita , Sharma Mini 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe current study is one of few community based surveys assessing the effect of COVID -19 in rural India. It is a cross sectional study to find the prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD among those affected with COVID-19 disease. Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), PHQ-9 and IES-R were used to assess prevalence levels of depression, anxiety, and PTSD among the community of Durg district of Chhattisgarh state of India. Out of total 431 participants, 44 % were male, mean age of participants was 41±14, 87% had health insurance, 40% had co-morbidities like hypertension or diabetes, half of them experienced food shortage and change in income during the pandemic. One third participants experienced death among one or more family members due to the pandemic. The mean scores of IES-R, GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were 23.59-24.91, 1.50,2.07 and 1.06-1.58 respectively. Thirty percent observed some distress, 15% reported depression and 12 % reported anxiety. The adjusted effect of death in family due to COVID-19 was found to be significantly associated with higher risk of mental distress, whereas education was associated with lower risk of distress. Depression and anxiety was more among the elderly and less among individuals living in nuclear families. Scarcity of food and change in income were significantly associated with anxiety.
Estimated population-level impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against all-cause pneumonia mortality among unvaccinated age groups in five Latin American countries
Authors: Prunas Ottavia , Shioda Kayoko , Toscano Cristiana M. , Bastias Magdalena , Valenzuela-Bravo Maria Teresa , Diaz Tito Janepsy , Warren Joshua L. , Weinberger Daniel M. , de Oliveira Lucia H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide strong direct protection in children, while limited data are available on their indirect effect on mortality among older age groups. This multi-country study aimed to assess the population-level impact of pediatric PCVs on all-cause pneumonia mortality among ≥5 years of age, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in Chile.MethodsDemographic and mortality data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico were collected for various age strata considering the ≥ 5-year-old population, from 2000-2020. IPD cases in Chile were also evaluated. Time series models were employed to evaluate changes in all-cause pneumonia deaths during the post-vaccination period, with other causes of death used as synthetic controls for unrelated temporal trends.ResultsNo significant change in death rates due to all-cause pneumonia was detected following PCV introduction among most age groups and countries. The proportion of IPD cases caused by vaccine serotypes decreased from 29% (2012) to 6% (2022) among ≥65 years in Chile.DiscussionWhile an effect of PCV against pneumonia deaths (a broad clinical definition) was not detected, evidence of indirect PCV impact was observed among vaccine-type-specific IPD cases.