bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian climate change attitudes and energy policy
Authors: Seiler Lisa Y. , Stalker Glenn J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper uses original Canadian survey data to compare support for and opposition to five energy‐related climate policies. Results show that Canadians were very concerned about climate change and supportive of the policies. Variation in support and opposition was investigated using logistic regression. We tested models that associate climate policy support with a combination of one's ecological worldview, climate change attitudes, personal capabilities, contextual influences, and ascription of responsibility to take action on climate change, applying elements of Stern's (2000) theory of environmentally‐significant behaviour and Patchen's (2010) model of climate change behaviour. We found that the more abstract policies attracted a different set of predictors than the more concrete policies. Females and parents showed increased support for the more abstract policies. Having an ecological worldview was a significant predictor of support for all policies but was obscured by other factors in a combined model.Cet article utilise des données d'enquête canadiennes originales pour comparer le soutien et l'opposition à cinq politiques climatiques liées à l'énergie. Les résultats montrent que les Canadiens étaient très préoccupés par le changement climatique et appuyaient les politiques. La variation du soutien et de l'opposition a été étudiée à l'aide de la régression logistique. Nous avons testé des modèles qui associent le soutien à la politique climatique à une combinaison de vision du monde écologique, d'attitudes face au changement climatique, de capacités personnelles, d'influences contextuelles et d'attribution de la responsabilité d'agir sur le changement climatique, en appliquant des éléments de la théorie de Stern (2000) sur le comportement significatif pour l'environnement et le modèle de comportement face au changement climatique de Patchen (2010). Nous avons constaté que les politiques plus abstraites attiraient un ensemble différent de prédicteurs que les politiques plus concrètes. Les femmes et les parents ont montré un soutien accru pour les politiques plus abstraites. Avoir une vision du monde écologique était un prédicteur significatif du soutien à toutes les politiques, mais était obscurci par d'autres facteurs dans un modèle combiné.
Perceived neighbourhood collective efficacy and adolescent health determinants: Investigating outdoor play as a mediator
Authors: Kronaizl Sydney G. , Koss Kalsea J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeResearch demonstrates that play is promotive of health and development in children across multiple domains. Outdoor play may be especially beneficial as environmental elements are conducive to recreation and relaxation. Maternal perception of neighbourhood collective efficacy (NCE), or sense of cohesion among residents, may be a form of social capital especially effective in promoting outdoor play, and thus healthy development. Yet little research has examined the long‐term benefits of play beyond childhood.MethodsWe utilized longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4441) to evaluate outdoor play during middle childhood as a mediator between perceived NCE in early childhood and adolescent health determinants. Maternal self‐reported perceived NCE at age 5, children's outdoor play was assessed at age 9 and adolescents' self‐reported height, weight, physical activity and depressive and anxiety symptoms at age 15.ResultsTotal play served as mediator between NCE and later adolescent health determinants. Perceived NCE in early childhood (age 5) significantly predicted more total play in middle childhood (age 9), which in turn predicted more physical activity and lower anxiety symptoms in adolescence (age 15).ConclusionsConsistent with a developmental cascades approach, maternal perceptions of NCE shaped children's engagement in outdoor play that may serve as a foundation for later emerging health behaviours.
Downregulation of microRNA‐330‐5p induces manic‐like behaviors in REM sleep‐deprived rats by enhancing tyrosine hydroxylase expression
Authors: Leem Kang Hyun , Kim Sanga , Kim Hee Won , Park Hae Jeong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimIn our pilot study, we found an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex of 72‐h REM sleep‐deprived (SD) rats, a mania model. Additionally, the expression levels of miR‐325‐3p, miR‐326‐3p, and miR‐330‐5p, the predicted target miRNAs on TH, were significantly decreased. Based on these results, in this study, we investigated whether miRNA‐325‐3p, miR‐326‐3p, and miR‐330‐5p modulate TH and manic‐like behaviors in SD rats.MethodsManic‐like behaviors were assessed using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus‐maze (EPM) test. The direct binding activity of miRNAs to the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the Th gene was measured in HEK‐293 cells using a luciferase reporter system. We also examined mRNA and protein expression of TH after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of miR‐330‐5p agomir to SD rats, along with manic‐like behaviors.ResultsWe observed an upregulation in mRNA and protein expression of TH and downregulation in miRNA‐325‐3p, miR‐326‐3p, and miR‐330‐5p expressions in the prefrontal cortex of SD rats, together with increased manic‐like behaviors. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐330‐5p could repress TH expression through direct binding to its target site in the 3′‐UTR of Th, whereas miR‐326‐3p and miR‐330‐5p could not. In addition, ICV injection of miR‐330‐5p agomir alleviated the increase in TH expression in the prefrontal cortex of SD rats and manic‐like behaviors.ConclusionsTH expression regulation through miR‐330‐5p may be implicated in the pathophysiology of mania in SD rats.
Normative justifications of EU criminal law: European public goods and transnational interests
Authors: Öberg Jacob 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEU policy‐making in criminal law is a matter of significant public concern for EU citizens and the Member States. The exercise of EU public powers in the fields of criminal law and law enforcement have tangible and adverse consequences for the liberties and well‐being of individuals. Furthermore, EU cooperation in the area of criminal law touches upon core functions of statehood including ‘core state powers’ such as the safeguarding of internal security and law enforcement. This raises several questions regarding the rationale underpinning EU criminal policy and its legitimacy within the context of a multi‐level polity. This article sketches out a normative argument for legitimate justifications for some particular areas of EU criminal law on the basis of the transnational criterion enshrined in the subsidiarity principle. The article claims that there is a compelling justification for EU action in criminal law to protect European public goods and other key transnational interests.
Resolution of sustained ventricular tachycardia in a horse presenting with colic with magnesium sulfate
Authors: Pratt Stefanie L. , Bowen Mark , Redpath Adam 
Published: February 2023

SummaryCase reports demonstrating a return to sinus rhythm from sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) are limited. VT is uncommon in horses but can be life threatening and has been reported in horses with primary gastrointestinal disease. Treatment is recommended if there is poor perfusion, if heart rate exceeds 100 beats/min, if multiform/polymorphic complexes or torsades des pointes is present. Lidocaine or magnesium sulfate is the first‐line medication. In this case, a 19‐year‐old Warmblood gelding with a history of exploratory laparotomy presented with an irregularly irregular cardiac rhythm and heart rate of 80 beats/min. ECG demonstrated VT with a heart rate of 75 beats/min. As the horse was already receiving a lidocaine bolus, the VT was treated with multiple boluses of intravenous magnesium sulfate over a period of several hours. This converted the VT to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) with heart rate of 44 beats/min and the horse remained in NSR until discharge 8 days later.
Effects of thiamine and its precursor HMP on growth of periphyton in a mountain stream of the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Binbin , Chen Yushun , Qu Xiao , Kraft Clifford 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Thiamine (vitamin B1) and its precursor 2‐methyl‐4‐amino‐5‐hydroxymethylpyrimidine (HMP) have been shown to exert an important influence on primary production in marine environments, but little is known about their influence in fresh waters.

We evaluated the ecological effects of thiamine and one of its precursors HMP in streams within the Qiyun catchment, a headwater mountain system of a Yangtze River tributary in Southern China, using nutrient‐diffusing substrates.

Thiamine limitation of periphyton was observed in April 2019, and HMP limitation was observed in both April and May 2019. Co‐limitation by thiamine plus phosphorus and by HMP plus nitrogen occurred in May. The effect sizes of thiamine and HMP on growth of periphyton were similar to each other.

Physiochemical features of the stream showed different potential influences on the effects of thiamine and HMP. Water temperature was negatively associated with the effect of thiamine, whereas ammonium showed a negative relationship with the effect of HMP.

These findings extend our knowledge of nutrient limitation by thiamine and one thiamine precursor in freshwater environments.
Influence of hemolysis on nucleated red blood cells count
Authors: Cheng Xiuli , Zhang Le , Yu Haimiao , Zhang Biao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionHemolysis is a common pre‐analytical factor that can influence test results. Here, we explored the influence of hemolysis on nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) count and tried to illustrate the mechanisms underlying this interference.MethodsFrom July 2019 to June 2021, 20 preanalytical hemolytic peripheral blood (PB) samples from inpatient at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were evaluated using Sysmex XE‐5000 automated hematology analyzer. When NRBC enumeration was positive and a flag was triggered, a 200‐cell differential count was performed by experienced technologists on microscopic review. When the manual count was inconsistent with automated enumeration, samples will be re‐collected. Plasma exchange test was performed to verify the influence factors of hemolyzed samples and the mechanical hemolysis experiment mimicking hemolysis that might occur during blood collection was performed to illustrate the underlying mechanisms.ResultsHemolysis led to false‐positive NRBC count and the value of NRBC was positively correlated with the degree of hemolysis. Hemolysis specimen shared a common scatter diagram: a “beard” on WBC/ basophil (BASO) channel and a “blue scatter line” on immature myeloid information (IMI) channel. Lipid droplets were found above the hemolysis specimen after centrifugation. Plasma exchange experiment confirmed that these lipid droplets interfered with NRBCs count. Mechanical hemolysis experiment implied further that broken red blood cells (RBCs) released lipid droplets causing the false‐positive NRBCs count.ConclusionIn the present study, we firstly found that hemolysis could lead to false‐positive NRBCs enumeration, which was associated with lipid droplets released from broken RBCs during hemolysis.
Precarious welfare‐to‐work transitions in a segmented labour market: Evidence from the Netherlands
Authors: Yu Yip‐Ching 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPromoting outflow from the welfare system has been one of the main objectives of activation‐focused welfare reforms implemented across Europe over the past decades, with the underlying assumption that labour market attachment is the route to self‐sufficiency. This article assesses this assumption by investigating the extent to which the propensities and determinants of welfare persistence and cycling are differential for native and second‐generation young adults located in the opposite ends of labour market structure. Using panel administrative data from the Statistics Netherlands (CBS), it follows the welfare‐to‐work transitions of Dutch native and second‐generation young adults in the Netherlands during a 6‐year observation period (2010–2015). Simultaneous effects of labour market segmentation and ethnic penalty are modelled using a first‐order Markov transition model that accounts for endogeneities from initial conditions and unobserved heterogeneity. The results suggest that welfare exit is not a good predictor of self‐sufficiency in the Dutch context, and there are differential prospects for achieving and sustaining self‐sufficiency among Dutch native and second‐generation young adults. A considerable degree of welfare persistence in the medium term and welfare cycling in the long term are found among individuals who had fallen out of self‐sufficiency. Such patterns of precarious welfare‐to‐work transitions are particularly common among non‐Dutch workers employed in the secondary labour market.
Gallosilicate glass and fiber for radiation detection
Authors: Tang Manyun , Ma Yan , Wen Shaofei , Du Guanxin , Chen Jingfei , Li Xueliang , Lv Shichao , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs ionizing radiation can cause harmful effects to human and electronic devices, accurate dose monitoring plays an important role in fields such as radiotherapy, nuclear industry, and aerospace. Currently, it is still a challenge to fabricate a miniaturized dosimeter that can achieve real‐time monitoring. Here, a gallosilicate glass with potential application in visualization detection of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, as well as cumulative dose measurement, is presented. Color centers are induced in the glass upon exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, resulting in a darkening effect. The color change of glass is related to the energy and intensity of incident photons and can be erased by subsequent heat treatment. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurement indicates that the formation of color centers is associated with non‐bridging oxygen hole centers related to gallium. The glass can be fabricated into fiber with perfect core‐cladding structure, which provides an alternative for preparing a new type of high‐sensitivity radiation dosimeter.
Modelling children's inhibitory skills using learning data from an educational app
Authors: Medeiros Machado Guilherme , Bonnin Geoffray , Castagnos Sylvain , Hoareau Lara , Thomas Aude , Tazouti Youssef 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly literacy and numeracy skills are developed during early childhood. Among the many factors that influence the development of such skills, the literature shows that the executive functions, especially the response inhibition (RI)—that is the capability to block out or to tune out what can be considered irrelevant information or action to the learning task—is one of the most essential functions. There are specific tests used to appraise these children's inhibition skills, but these tests are generally time‐consuming, and demand specialized human resources.ObjectivesWe present a computational approach to model children's RI behaviour through the analysis of educational traces left in an educational app. This modelling allows the automatic and instant identification of the RI level of children without the need of a human‐conducted test.MethodsOur modelling is based on two definitions of RI found in the literature, from which we derived a mathematical formalism of three variables we used to query the traces dataset and isolate the RI behaviour of each student from the learning traces generated in the app. The sample population is composed of children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The model is then assessed by comparing it to a traditional human‐conducted RI test suitable for kindergarten children, the Head‐Toes‐Knees‐Shoulder (HTKS) task.Results and conclusionsThe results show that our RI model can explain an important part of the HTKS variance (up to 0.45 according to the adjusted R2) when taking the HTKS results as a dependent variable for a multiple regression model. In practice, our model can be integrated in a learning app and become a powerful tool for instant preliminary identification of dysfunctional RI behaviour, especially in the early stages of children's education. Once students are identified by our model as having a dysfunctional RI behaviour, teachers can rapidly act to help them. Besides, the proposed model requires only very simple data to work, which means it can be easily integrated into different learning apps.
The choice of Caesarean section between clinical indication and patient autonomy: The physician between rock and hard place
Authors: Montanari Vergallo Gianluca , Ricci Pasquale , Gulino Matteo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesCaesarean delivery carries a higher risk of short‐ and long‐term complications for both mother and baby than vaginal delivery. However, over the past two decades, data show a considerable increase in requests for Caesarean sections. This manuscript analyses the case of Caesarean Section on maternal request without a clinical indication from a medico‐legal and ethical perspective.MethodMedical associations and bodies databases were searched for published guidelines and recommendations on the use of caesarean sections on maternal requests. As derived from the literature, medical risks, attitudes, and reasons for this choice have also been summarized.ResultsInternational guidelines and medical associations recommend strengthening the doctor‐patient relationship by setting up an information process to make the pregnant woman understand the danger of Caesarean delivery without clinical indications and to make her consider whether she can survive natural childbirth.ConclusionCaesarean section on maternal request and without clinical indications is an emblematic case of how the physician could be between two opposing interests. Our analysis shows that if the woman's rejection of natural birth persists and clinical indications for Caesarean delivery are lacking, the physician must respect the patient's choice.
Clinical significance of dispersion imaging by shear wave elastography in the treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takishin Yunosuke , Kuwatani Masaki , Nishida Mutsumi , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Kishi Kazuma , Nagai Kosuke , Furukawa Ryutaro , Hirata Hajime , Hirata Koji , Kato Shin , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, dispersion imaging by shear wave elastography has been developed to visualize a tissue viscosity‐related factor by measuring the dispersion slope. However, clinical significance of dispersion imaging in the field of pancreatic cancer is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of dispersion imaging in the treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.MethodsWe measured shear wave dispersion slope (SWD) (m/s/kHz) and shear wave elasticity (SWE) (kPa) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). The primary endpoint was the relationship between the changes in SWD and SWE values before and after chemotherapy and the response to chemotherapy. Secondary endpoints included SWD and SWE values in relation to differences between PDA and non‐PDA sites and histopathological scores of stroma, inflammation, fibrosis, and necrosis in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration specimens.ResultsFifty‐six patients were included, 30 of whom underwent chemotherapy. There was no relationship between the changes of SWD and SWE values and chemotherapy responses. In 56 patients, the median SWD value was 12.20 m/s/kHz (interquartile range [IQR]: 10.88–13.61) at PDA sites and 13.57 m/s/kHz (IQR: 12.28–16.20) at non‐PDA sites (P = 0.005). The median SWE value was 8.18 kPa (IQR: 7.00–9.74) at PDA sites and 6.14 kPa (IQR: 5.40–6.77) at non‐PDA sites (P < 0.001). Histopathological evaluation revealed that inflammation scores were correlated with SWD values (rs = 0.42, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDispersion imaging in pancreatic cancer would be useful for diagnosis and assessing inflammation.
Parental child‐feeding practices at 4 years of age are associated with dietary patterns of 7‐year‐olds
Authors: Barbosa Catarina , Lopes Carla , Costa Alexandra , Warkentin Sarah , Oliveira Andreia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundParental child‐feeding practices have been associated with child body mass index (BMI) and specific food group consumption; however, their role in the development of dietary patterns is less understood. We aim to study the association between parental child‐feeding practices at 4 years old and dietary patterns at 7 years that explain BMI z‐scores at age 10.MethodsParticipants were children from the Generation XXI birth cohort (n = 3272). Three patterns of feeding practices at 4 years were previously identified: ‘Perceived monitoring’, ‘Restriction’ and ‘Pressure to eat’. At 7 years, two dietary patterns were derived: ‘Energy‐dense foods’, higher consumption of energy‐dense foods and drinks and processed meats and lower consumption of vegetable soup (significantly associated with BMI z‐scores at 10 years) and ‘Fish‐based’, higher in fishery intake and lower in energy‐dense food intake. Associations were estimated by linear regression models, adjusted for potential confounders (mother's age, education and pre‐pregnancy BMI).ResultsGirls whose parents used more Restriction, Perceived monitoring and Pressure to eat at 4 years were less likely to follow the ‘Energy‐dense foods' dietary pattern at 7 years (β̂ = −0.082; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: −0.134; −0.029; β̂ = −0.093; 95% CI: −0.146; −0.039; β̂ = −0.079; 95% CI: −0.135; −0.04, respectively). In both sexes, children whose parents used more Restriction and Perceived monitoring at 4 years were more likely to follow the ‘Fish‐based’ dietary pattern at 7 years (girls: β̂ = 0.143; 95% CI: 0.077; 0.210; β̂ = 0.079; 95% CI: 0.011; 0.148; boys: β̂ = 0.157; 95% CI: 0.090; 0.224; β̂ = 0.104; 95% CI: 0.041; 0.168).ConclusionsChildren whose parents used more Restriction and Perceived monitoring at preschool age were more likely to follow healthier dietary patterns at age 7.
Credit Guarantee and Fiscal Costs
Authors: BI HUIXIN , CAO YONGQUAN , DONG WEI 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the effectiveness of government‐backed credit guarantees to the infrastructure sector. We propose a two‐sector model with financial intermediary frictions so that infrastructure producers rely on bank loans to finance production. Governments can intervene in the credit market by providing a partial guarantee. We find that a credit guarantee increases infrastructure production, leading to a high fiscal multiplier in the longer run. In the near term, however, higher infrastructure‐sector wages crowd out private‐sector labor supply. Importantly, the higher leverage associated with credit expansion raises nonperforming loans, and this channel is particularly pronounced if the government‐backed credit guarantees linger.