bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education‐related inequalities in oral health among older adults: Comparing Singapore and Japan
Authors: Kiuchi Sakura , Aida Jun , Cooray Upul , Osaka Ken , Chan Angelique , Malhotra Rahul , Peres Marco A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesOral health inequalities exist worldwide, and cross‐country comparisons can provide valuable insights into country‐level characteristics contributing to such inequalities. However, comparative studies in Asian countries are limited. This study examined the magnitude of education‐related oral health inequalities in older adults in Singapore and Japan.MethodsLongitudinal data for older adults, aged ≥65 years, from the Panel on Health and Ageing of Singaporean Elderly (PHASE; 2009, 2011–2012, and 2015) and Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; 2010, 2013, and 2016) were used. Dependent variables were being edentate and having a minimal functional dentition (MFD; i.e. ≥20 teeth). The absolute and relative inequalities were calculated using the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) for educational level [low (<6 years); middle (6–12 years); high (>12 years)] in each country.ResultsA total of 1032 PHASE participants and 35 717 JAGES participants were included. At baseline among PHASE participants, 35.9% were edentate and 24.4% had MFD, while among JAGES participants, 8.5% were edentate and 42.4% had MFD. The prevalence of low, middle and high educational levels for PHASE was 76.5%, 18.0% and 5.5%, and for JAGES were 0.9%, 78.1% and 19.7%, respectively. Older adults in Japan had lower education‐related inequalities for being edentate [for both SII (−0.53, 95% CI = −0.55 to −0.50) and RII (0.40, 95% CI = 0.33–0.48)] and for not having MFD for both SII (−0.24, 95% CI = −0.27 to −0.20) and RII (0.83, 95% CI = 0.79–0.87) compared to Singapore.ConclusionsEducation‐related inequalities for being edentate and not having MFD were higher among older adults in Singapore compared to Japan.
An in‐vitro analysis of the accuracy of different guided surgery systems – They are not all the same
Authors: Guentsch Arndt , Bjork Jennifer , Saxe Reagan , Han Shengtong , Dentino Andrew R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesDifferent static computer‐assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) systems are available that are based on different design concepts. The objective was to assess seven different systems in a controlled environment.Materials and MethodsEach n = 20 implants were placed in identical mandible replicas (total n = 140). The systems utilized either drill‐handles (group S and B), drill‐body guidance (group Z and C), had the key attached to the drill (group D and V), or combined different design concepts (group N). The achieved final implant position was digitized utilizing cone‐beam tomography and compared with the planned position. The angular deviation was defined as the primary outcome parameter. The means, standard deviation, and 95%‐confidence intervals were analyzed statistically with 1‐way ANOVA. A linear regression model was applied with the angle deviation as predictor and the sleeve height as response.ResultsThe overall angular deviation was 1.94 ± 1.51°, the 3D‐deviation at the crest 0.54 ± 0.28 mm, and at the implant tip 0.67 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found between the tested sCAIS systems. The angular deviation ranged between 0.88 ± 0.41° (S) and 3.97 ± 2.01° (C) (p < .01). Sleeve heights ≤4 mm are correlated with higher angle deviations, sleeve heights ≥5 mm with lower deviations from the planned implant position.ConclusionsSignificant differences were found among the seven tested sCAIS systems. Systems that use drill‐handles achieved the highest accuracy, followed by the systems that attach the key to the drill. The sleeve height appears to impact the accuracy.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on acute stroke care: An analysis of the 24‐month data from a comprehensive stroke center in Shanghai, China
Authors: Hu Qimin , Hu Yiming , Gu Yue , Song Xiaoyan , Shen Yijue , Lu Haiyan , Zhang Li , Liu Peifeng , Wang Guodong , Guo Chunni , Fang Kan , Wang Qiaoshu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhether the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is associated with a long‐term negative impact on acute stroke care remains uncertain. This study aims to compare the timing of key aspects of stroke codes between patients before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at an academic hospital in Shanghai, China and included all adult patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized via the emergency department (ED) stroke pathway during the 24 months since the COVID‐19 outbreak (COVID‐19: January 1, 2020–December 31, 2021). The comparison cohort included patients with ED stroke pathway visits and hospitalizations during the same period (pre‐COVID‐19: January 1, 2018–December 31, 2019). We compared critical time points of prehospital and intrahospital acute stroke care between patients during the COVID‐19 era and patients during the pre‐COVID‐19 era using t test, χ2, and Mann–Whitney U test where appropriate.ResultsA total of 1194 acute ischemic stroke cases were enrolled, including 606 patients in COVID‐19 and 588 patients in pre‐COVID‐19. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the median onset‐to‐hospital time was about 108 min longer compared with the same period of pre‐COVID‐19 (300 vs 192 min, p = 0.01). Accordingly, the median onset‐to‐needle time was 169 min in COVID‐19 and 113 min in pre‐COVID‐19 (p = 0.0001), and the proportion of patients with onset‐to‐hospital time within 4.5 h was lower (292/606 [48.2%] vs 328/558 [58.8%], p = 0.0003) during the pandemic period. Furthermore, the median door‐to‐inpatient admission and door‐to‐inpatient rehabilitation times increased from 28 to 37 h and from 3 to 4 days (p = 0.014 and 0.0001).ConclusionsDuring the 24 months of COVID‐19, a prolongation of stroke onset to hospital arrival and to intravenous rt‐PA administration times were noted. Meanwhile, acute stroke patients needed to stay in the ED for a longer time before hospitalization. Educational system support and process optimization should be pursued in order to acquire timely delivery of stroke care during the pandemic.
Deep brain stimulation may be a viable option for resistant to treatment aggression in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Benedetti‐Isaac Juan Carlos , Camargo Loida , Torres Zambrano Martin , Perea‐Castro Esther , Castillo‐Tamara Edgard , Caldichoury Nicole , Herrera‐Pino Jorge , Flórez Yuliana , Porto María , López Norman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical technique used to manage aggression in patients who do not improve despite the use of appropriate drug treatment.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the impact of DBS on aggressive behavior refractory to the pharmacological and behavioral treatment of patients with Intellectual Disabilities (ID).MethodsA follow‐up was conducted on a cohort of 12 patients with severe ID, undergoing DBS in posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei; evaluated with the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS), before the intervention, at 6, 12, and 18 months of medical follow‐up.ResultsAfter the surgical procedure, there was a significant reduction in the aggressiveness of patients in the follow‐up medical evaluation at 6 months (t = 10.14; p < 0.01), 12 months (t = 14.06; p < 0.01), and 18 months (t = 15.34; p < 0.01), respect to the initial measurement; with a very large effect size (6 months: d = 2.71; 12 months: d = 3.75; 18 months: d = 4.10). From 12 months onward, emotional control stabilized and is sustained at 18 months (t = 1.24; p > 0.05).ConclusionDBS in posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei may be an effective treatment for the management of aggression in patients with ID refractory to pharmacological treatment.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome suppresses programmed cell death in traumatic brain injury via PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy
Authors: Zhang Li , Lin Yixing , Bai Wanshan , Sun Lean , Tian Mi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsRecently, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HucMSC)‐derived exosome is a new focus of research in neurological diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effects of HucMSC‐derived exosome in both in vivo and in vitro TBI models.MethodsWe established both mouse and neuron TBI models in our study. After treatment with HucMSC‐derived exosome, the neuroprotection of exosome was investigated by the neurologic severity score (NSS), grip test score, neurological score, brain water content, and cortical lesion volume. Moreover, we determined the biochemical and morphological changes associated with apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis after TBI.ResultsWe revealed that treatment of exosome could improve neurological function, decrease cerebral edema, and attenuate brain lesion after TBI. Furthermore, administration of exosome suppressed TBI‐induced cell death, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition, exosome‐activated phosphatase and tensin homolog‐induced putative kinase protein 1/Parkinson protein 2 E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase (PINK1/Parkin) pathway‐mediated mitophagy after TBI. However, the neuroprotection of exosome was attenuated when mitophagy was inhibited, and PINK1 was knockdown. Importantly, exosome treatment also decreased neuron cell death, suppressed apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis and activated the PINK1/Parkin pathway‐mediated mitophagy after TBI in vitro.ConclusionOur results provided the first evidence that exosome treatment played a key role in neuroprotection after TBI through the PINK1/Parkin pathway‐mediated mitophagy.
Characterizing the trophy hunting debate on Twitter
Authors: Evans Luke Christopher , Greenwell Matthew P. , Boult Victoria L. , Johnson Thomas Frederick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial media is an arena of debate for contentious political and social topics. One conservation topic debated online is the acceptability of trophy hunting, a debate that has implications for national and international policy. We used a mixed‐methods approach (grounded theory and quantitative clustering) to identify themes in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. We examined commonly co‐occurring categories that describe people's stances on trophy hunting. We identified 12 categories and 4 preliminary archetypes opposing trophy hunting—activism, scientific, condemning, and objecting—whose opposition derived from different moral reasoning. Few tweets (22) in our sample of 500 supported trophy hunting, whereas 350 opposed it. The debate was hostile; 7% of tweets in our sample were categorized as abusive. Online debates can be unproductive, and our findings may be important for stakeholders wishing to effectively engage in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. More generally, we contend that because social media is increasingly influential, it is important to formally contextualize public responses to contentious conservation topics in order to aid communication of conservation evidence and to integrate diverse public perspectives in conservation practice.
Blood–brain barrier damage and new onset refractory status epilepticus: An exploratory study using dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Huiping , Liu Xian , Wang Ruihong , Lu Aili , Ma Zhaohui , Wu Shibiao , Lu Hongji , Du Yaming , Deng Kan , Wang Lixin , Yuan Fang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize the blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in patients with new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) using dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI).MethodsThis study included three groups of adult participants: patients with NORSE, encephalitis patients without status epilepticus (SE), and healthy subjects. These participants were retrospectively included from a prospective DCE‐MRI database of neurocritically ill patients and healthy subjects. The BBB permeability (Ktrans) in the hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, claustrum, periventricular white matter, and cerebellum were measured and compared between these three groups.ResultsA total of seven patients with NORSE, 14 encephalitis patients without SE, and nine healthy subjects were included in this study. Among seven patients with NORSE, only one had a definite etiology (autoimmune encephalitis), and the rest were cryptogenic. Etiology of encephalitis patients without SE included viral (n = 2), bacterial (n = 8), tuberculous (n = 1), cryptococcal (n = 1), and cryptic (n = 2) encephalitis. Of these 14 encephalitis patients without SE, three patients had seizures. Compared to healthy controls, NORSE patients had significantly increased Ktrans values in the hippocampus (.73 vs. .02 × 10−3/min, p = .001) and basal ganglia (.61 vs. .003 × 10−3/min, p = .007) and a trend in the thalamus (.24 vs. .08 × 10−3/min, p = .017). Compared to encephalitis patients without SE, NORSE patients had significantly increased Ktrans values in the thalamus (.24 vs. .01 × 10−3/min, p = .002) and basal ganglia (.61 vs. .004 × 10−3/min, p = .013).SignificanceThis exploratory study demonstrates that BBBs of NORSE patients were impaired diffusely, and BBB dysfunction in the basal ganglia and thalamus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of NORSE.
Range restriction, climate variability and human‐related risks imperil lizards world‐wide
Authors: Chen Chuanwu , Holyoak Marcel , Xu Junfeng , de Oliveira Caetano Gabriel Henrique , Wang Yanping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsIdentifying major reasons for species imperilment is a necessary step for conservation, but the degree to which we can generalize is hard for species‐rich yet less‐studied taxa, such as lizards. Here, we aim to bridge the gap by providing comprehensive analyses of the correlates and processes of species extinction and threats for global lizards.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedLizards.MethodsWe compiled a dataset comprising extinction risk status, six intrinsic traits and seven extrinsic factors for 5256 lizard species. We carried out binomial distribution tests for 43 families and seven realms to check the non‐randomness in species extinction risk and used phylogenetic linear regressions to identify the key factors that relate to the extinction proneness of lizards and species subgroups. Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat assessment, we identified major threats for global lizards and for major families and regions.ResultsWe found strong evidence of taxonomic and geographical non‐randomness in the extinction risk of lizards. Geographical range size, human footprint and density, insular endemism, temperature and precipitation seasonality, and body size were key predictors of extinction risk, and the first three factors were also important across families and realms. Moreover, newly described species were more likely to have a restricted range size and a higher extinction risk. Globally, the most detrimental threat was habitat destruction, while overexploitation, species invasion and climate change varied widely in importance among species groups.Main conclusionsOverall, we highlight the detrimental influences of range restriction, climate variability and anthropogenic threats to species persistence. We suggest that lizards are potentially at high risk of extinction owing to widespread human disturbance and that species with extinction‐prone traits require conservation prioritization. Moreover, lizards of different families and regions require different management strategies because of variation in extinction‐risk correlates and threats.
Neurodiversity in the city: Exploring the complex geographies of belonging and exclusion in urban space
Authors: Kenna Therese 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper I develop an urban social geography of neurodiversity that attends to the plurality of neurodiversity and of neurodiverse experiences of the city. Geographers have remained relatively silent on issues of neurodiversity in the city and, as such, the perspectives and experiences of neurodiverse individuals remain vastly unreported. The city is a crucial spatial context of everyday life for those who are neurodiverse as it can present challenges due to its complex, unpredictable and fluid nature. Drawing on recent calls for the development of a relational geography of disability, this paper explores the intricate geographies of neurodiversity in the city, revealing ways urban spaces become spaces of belonging or exclusion for those who are neurodiverse. Urban spaces are experienced in diverse and complex ways, linked to a multitude of neurological differences and their intersections. The paper reveals social, spatial and temporal practices and processes through which urban spaces acquire meaning for those who are neurodiverse. The research offers important insights for urban planning and policy, particularly in terms of thinking complexly about neurodiversity and associated questions of inclusion and exclusion in the city. The paper concludes with a discussion of some future research directions for an urban geography of neurodiversity.
Cutaneous involvement in VEXAS syndrome: clinical and histopathologic findings
Authors: Hines Alexander S. , Mohandesi Nessa A. , Lehman Julia S. , Koster Matthew J. , Cantwell Hafsa M. , Alavi Afsaneh , Warrington Kenneth J. , Mangaonkar Abhishek A. , Go Ronald S. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Sartori‐Valinotti Julio C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundVEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous manifestations.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all patients with genetically confirmed VEXAS syndrome seen at our institution. Available clinical photographs and skin biopsy slides were reviewed.ResultsCutaneous manifestations developed in 22/25 (88%) patients with VEXAS syndrome. From this group, 10/22 (45%) developed skin involvement before or at the time of other clinical features of VEXAS. Twenty distinct dermatologic presentations of VEXAS from 14 patients were reviewed, and histopathologic patterns were classified as follows: neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis (n = 5, 25%), leukocytoclastic/urticarial vasculitis (n = 4, 20%), urticarial tissue reaction (n = 4, 20%), neutrophilic dermatosis (n = 3, 15%), neutrophilic panniculitis (n = 2, 10%), and nonspecific chronic septal panniculitis (n = 2, 10%). Common systemic findings included macrocytic anemia (96%), fever (88%), thrombocytopenia (76%), weight loss (76%), ocular inflammation (64%), pulmonary infiltrates (56%), deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (52%), and inflammatory arthritis (52%).ConclusionsCutaneous involvement is a common feature of VEXAS syndrome, and histopathologic findings exist on a spectrum of neutrophilic inflammatory dermatoses.
Synthesis, mechanical, and thermophysical properties of high‐entropy (Zr,Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf)C0.8 ceramic
Authors: Tan Yongqiang , Liao Wei , Teng Zhen , Zhang Haibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo high‐entropy carbides, including stoichiometric (Zr,Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf)C and nonstoichiometric (Zr,Ti,Nb,Ta,Hf)C0.8, were prepared from monocarbides and ZrH2. Their sinterability, microstructures, mechanical properties, thermophysical properties, and oxidation behaviors were systematically compared. With the introduction of carbon vacancy, the sintering temperature was lowered up to 300°C, Vickers hardness was almost unaffected, whereas the strength decreased significantly generally due to the decrease of covalent bonds. The thermal conductivity shows a 50% decrease for nonstoichiometry high‐entropy carbide, which is a major consequence of the lower electrical conductivity. The oxidation resistance in high temperature water vapor was not sensitive to carbon stoichiometry.
Tax1 binding protein 3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through inactivating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Wang Yi , Gan Ying , Dong Yuan , Zhou Jie , Zhu Endong , Yuan Hairui , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Baoli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTax1 binding protein 3 (Tax1bp3) is a PDZ domain‐containing protein that is overexpressed in cancer. Previous studies recognized Tax1bp3 as an inhibitor of β‐catenin. Till now it is not known whether Tax1bp3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. In the current study, the data showed that Tax1bp3 was expressed in bone and was increased in the progenitor cells when induced toward osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of Tax1bp3 in the progenitor cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation and conversely stimulated adipogenic differentiation, and the knockdown of Tax1bp3 affected the differentiation of the progenitor cells oppositely. Ex vivo experiments using the primary calvarial osteoblasts from osteoblast‐specific Tax1bp3 knock‐in mice also demonstrated the anti‐osteogenic and pro‐adipogenic function of Tax1bp3. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Tax1bp3 inhibited the activation of canonical Wnt/β‐catenin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smads signalling pathways. Taken together, the current study has provided evidences demonstrating that Tax1bp3 inactivates Wnt/β‐catenin and BMPs/Smads signalling pathways and reciprocally regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. The inactivation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling may be involved in the reciprocal role of Tax1bp3.
Examining the potential for resource‐dependent female reproductive fluid‐sperm interactive effects in a livebearing fish
Authors: Fernlund Isaksson Erika , Fitzpatrick John L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSexually selected traits can be costly to produce and maintain. The amount of resources available to an individual is therefore expected to influence investment in costly sexual traits. While resource‐dependent expression of sexually selected traits has traditionally been examined in males, resource limitation can also influence how sexual selection operates in females. Female reproductive fluids are thought to be costly to produce and may play an important role in shaping the outcome of postcopulatory sexual selection by influencing sperm performance. However, we know surprisingly little about whether and how female reproductive fluids are influenced by resource limitation. Here, we examine if resource restriction influences female reproductive fluid‐sperm interactive effects in the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei), a small internally fertilizing freshwater fish where females store sperm. After experimentally altering female diets (high vs. restricted diets), we compared how female reproductive fluids influence two key metrics of sperm quality: sperm viability and velocity. While female reproductive fluids enhanced sperm viability and velocity, we found no evidence that female diet influenced the interactive effect between female reproductive fluids and sperm viability or velocity. Our findings build on the growing evidence that female reproductive fluids influence sperm performance and call for further attention to be devoted to understanding how resource quantity and quality influence how female reproductive fluids affect sperm performance.