bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining computational thinking: A holistic framework and its implications for K-12 education
Authors: Palop Belén , Díaz Irene , Rodríguez-Muñiz Luis J. , Santaengracia Juan José 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the realm of K-12 Education, the growing significance of Computational Thinking has sparked extensive inquiry into its nature and instructional methodologies. Despite a wealth of literature on the subject, ongoing debates persist regarding its fundamental components. Across global educational landscapes, Computational Thinking is being incorporated into curricula with varying degrees of emphasis, ranging from robotics to computer coding to broader algorithmic problem-solving approaches. This article aims to reassess established definitions of Computational Thinking and propose a nuanced understanding that highlights the necessity and importance of data in contemporary problem-solving contexts. Additionally, we present a comprehensive framework aimed at cultivating Computational Thinking skills in students, encompassing technical competencies alongside cognitive and metacognitive processes. Subsequently, we offer (1) a refined definition emphasizing the importance of data, (2) a comprehensive framework outlining essential components to foster Computational Thinking skills in students, and (3) a discussion of these concepts within the context of K-12 education.
Complex Health Needs in Hurricane-Affected Youth and Their Families: Barriers, Vulnerabilities, and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Kelly Jessica T. , Danzi BreAnne A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Youth with complex health needs (CHNs; e.g., requiring daily assistance or equipment for care) and their parents face heightened vulnerabilities during natural disasters, potentially leading to poorer mental health outcomes compared to those without CHNs. However, limited research has focused on this group’s disaster-related experiences and their impact on mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the disaster experiences, perceptions, and mental health outcomes of youth with CHNs and their parents’ post-hurricane and to evaluate the unique influence of CHN- and disaster-related factors on their psychological functioning. Parents (N = 142) of youth with CHNs (n = 48) and without CHNs (n = 94) who experienced a hurricane reported on their youth’s and their own psychological functioning, disaster perceptions, experiences, and CHN-related information. Youth with CHNs exhibited greater perceived life threat compared to youth without CHNs. Families of youth with CHNs were more likely to evacuate and faced greater evacuation barriers. They also exhibited greater PTS, depressive, and anxiety symptom severity compared to those without CHNs. Financial healthcare concerns were not associated with youth with CHNs or their parents’ mental health symptomatology. Hurricane-impeded access to healthcare necessities was associated with youth and parent PTS and depressive symptom severity and youth anxiety symptom severity. These findings underscore the vulnerabilities of youth with CHNs and their parents’ post-hurricane, emphasizing the need for tailored mental health services and improved disaster planning resources to support this population effectively.
Hair Cortisol in Young Children with Autism and Their Parents: Associations with Child Mental Health, Eating Behavior and Weight Status
Authors: van der Lubbe Anna , Swaab Hanna , van den Akker Erica , Vermeiren Robert , Ester Wietske A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Children with autism and their parents face daily challenges that may be stressful for both. However, little is known about biological stress (hair cortisol concentrations [HCC]) in these families and its connection to children’s health outcomes. This study investigates biological stress in children with autism and their parents and its associations with child mental health, eating behavior and BMI. Stress was measured in 102 young children with autism and their parents (101 mothers, 86 fathers) using HCC and self-reported parenting stress (OBVL). Child mental health was measured through autism symptoms (ADOS-2, SRS-2) and problem behavior (CBCL). Child eating behavior (CEBQ) and BMIz were also measured. Children with autism had higher HCC than their peers. Child HCC was not linked to mental health, eating behavior, or BMIz. Maternal stress (self-reported and HCC) was associated with child problem behavior. In fathers, self-reported parenting stress correlated with child autism symptoms (SRS-2) and behavior problems. Both parents’ self-reported stress was associated with child eating behavior, specifically emotional undereating and overeating. In conclusion, higher HCC levels in children with autism in comparison to children from the general population, suggest differences in stress-regulation in children with autism. Given these findings, monitoring HCC in research and clinical practice could improve our understanding of stress-regulation in children with autism. The association between parental stress and children’s mental health and eating behaviors, underscores the importance of considering family dynamics in clinical (preventive) interventions and in further research that addresses the mental and physical health of children with autism.
On the Strongest Principles of Rational Belief Assignment
Authors: Paris J. B. , Vencovská A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that in Polyadic Pure Inductive Logic the Invariance Principle, based on consideration of symmetry with respect to automorphisms, has only a trivial solution, namely the polyadic equivalent of Carnap’s

$$c_0$$

c
0

. (This extends a result proved earlier in the unary case.) We then consider the Exchangeable Invariance Principle, a symmetry principle which is a weakening of the Invariance Principle and has been proven to be strictly stronger than the Permutation Invariance Principle. We show that the Exchangeable Invariance Principle follows from Spectrum Exchangeability, a principle not obviously based on symmetry but based on irrelevance, that is treating certain features as irrelevant for the purpose of belief assignment, and that the converse does not hold. We conclude that Spectrum Exchangeability is the strongest currently known rational principle of belief assignment in Pure Inductive Logic that does not lead to the aforementioned trivial solution.
A Volumetric Study of Several Neat Alcohols as a Function of Temperature
Authors: Fucaloro Anthony F. , Zanella Andrew , Hu Christine , Meehan Andrew , Nguyen Lily , Peng Derek , Scarlett Michael , Wan Chris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The temperature-dependent molar volumes of 14 neat alcohols, including the homologous set of straight-chain primary alcohols, selected secondary alcohols, ethylene glycol, and selected alcohols with deuterated hydroxyl groups were measured in anticipation of uncovering systematic properties applicable to other neat liquids. For example, the addition of a single methylene group sequentially from ethanol to n-heptanol increases the molar volume by the nearly constant value of 16.385 ± 0.019 cm3·mol−1 at 0 °C. This linear behavior is exhibited at all temperatures studied. This constitutive property of molar volumes was reported previously for the partial molar volumes of aqueous alcohols, poly[vinyl alcohol], and organo-metallic complexes. Moreover, a method is proposed to partition the molar volumes into portions dependent upon intermolecular interactions, both attractive and repulsive (herein referred to as V
int, the apparent intrinsic volume), as well as a portion reflecting the tendency for molecules to separate due to thermal kinetic energy (herein referred to as V
exp, the expansive volume).
Thermal analysis of thermally treated spruce wood after its accelerated aging
Authors: Kačíková Danica , Eštoková Adriana , Gaff Milan , Kmeťová Elena , Kúdela Jozef , Kačík František 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In contrast with untreated wood, thermally treated wood has a much longer lifespan, and compared to chemically modified products, its valorization after the end of the life cycle is much easier. We investigated the effect of thermal modification of spruce wood at temperatures of 160, 180, and 210 °C, the industrial product Thermo-D, and the effect of accelerated aging (600 h in Xenotest chamber, wet mode) on its energy properties. We used calorimetry, elemental analysis (CHNO), thermal analysis—thermogravimetry (TG, DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of calorimetry show that the higher heating values (HHV) increased significantly because of the thermal modification temperature. We noticed a similar trend after accelerated aging (HHV = 20,061–21,515 (kJ kg−1)). Relations between experimentally determined HHV values and values calculated from chemical composition and elemental composition show a very good mutual correlation (r = 0.8876–0.9710). Thermal analysis shows a higher content of thermal energy in modified and aged wood in comparison with untreated sample. The obtained knowledge can be applied for the energy use of Thermowood at the end of its life cycle, depending on the conditions of its treatment, and it can also be used for fire risk assessment of Thermowood products.
Benford’s Law: applications to chondrules and refractory inclusions
Authors: Grodner Jake , Rubin Alan E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Benford's Law is a scale- and base-invariant probability distribution wherein smaller numerals occur more often than higher numerals as the first digits in many large, naturally occurring datasets. In the present study, the areas of individual meteoritic chondrules and refractory inclusions were tested for conformity to Benford's Law. Datasets of chondrule, CAI, and AOA sizes from CO and CV carbonaceous chondrites from the literature were analyzed. In each dataset, the set of areas of all inclusions (chondrules and refractory inclusions combined) was found to conform most closely to Benford's Law. The area distributions are approximately log normal; they are positively skewed with decreasing numerical values from mean to median to mode. The conformity of the set of all chondrules and refractory inclusions to Benford’s Law suggests that Benford's Law may apply to the process of aerodynamic sorting in the protoplanetary disk prior to the agglomeration of chondritic planetesimals.
Identification of factors related to functional prognoses in craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Umeda Tsuyoshi , Otani Yoshihiro , Fujii Kentaro , Ishida Joji , Hirano Shuichiro , Suruga Yasuki , Kemmotsu Naoya , Imoto Ryoji , Kegoya Yasuhito , Mizuta Ryo , Inoue Yohei , Hokama Madoka , Makihara Seiichiro , Hasegawa Kosei , Inagaki Kenichi , Otsuka Fumio , Yasuhara Takao , Tanaka Shota 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors, but their proximity to vital neurovascular structures can significantly deteriorate functional prognoses and severely restrict patients’ social interaction and activity. We retrospectively identified risk factors related to the functional prognoses in patients with craniopharyngioma treated at our center.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 patients who underwent surgery for craniopharyngioma and follow-up at our institution between 2003 and 2022. Functional prognoses were evaluated in terms of obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 for adults, BMI-Z ≥ 1.65 for children), visual function, endocrine function, and social participation. We investigated whether patient characteristics, tumor size, tumor location, hypothalamic involvement, surgical hypothalamic damage, extent of resection, and recurrence rate correlated with these functional prognostic factors.

Results
The median age at diagnosis was 28.0 years, with a median follow-up of 80.5 months. Postoperative obesity was present in 22 patients, and those with postoperative obesity had a significantly higher preoperative BMI or BMI-Z (preoperative BMI for adults: p = 0.074; preoperative BMI-Z for children: p = 0.020) and were significantly correlated with preoperative hypothalamic involvement grade 2 (p = 0.012) and surgical hypothalamic damage grade II (p = 0.0001). Deterioration in social participation was significantly associated with a larger tumor size (p = 0.023) and tumor recurrence (p = 0.0047).

Conclusions
Patients with higher preoperative BMI or BMI-Z and hypothalamic involvement have a greater risk of postoperative obesity, and larger tumor size and recurrence can significantly deteriorate the rate of patients’ social participation.
Tensions in Corporate Contractarianism: Rhetoric Rather than Logic
Authors: Hardman Jonathan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The dominant conceptual approach in Anglo-American corporate law literature is to represent the company as a series of voluntary bilateral arrangements. Under such a contractarian approach, the role for company law is to facilitate private bargaining and transactions. This representation is far from uncontroversial, and is frequently challenged on both descriptive grounds (that it does not accurately describe company law) and normative grounds (that its claims as to what the law should be are unfounded). Yet it remains the primary analytical paradigm within corporate law. It presents as an internally coherent representation, which can adequately defend itself from external challenges. The purpose of this article is to explore tensions within the internal argumentation structure of certain claims of this representation. Specifically, this article identifies and unpacks tensions of logical coherence within two key moves advanced within this representation. First, hasty generalisations are provided, extrapolating from unrepresentative samples. Second, there is a circularity in normative claims as to the allocation of corporate rights: the fact that rights are currently provided is frequently used as a reason to justify such rights being initially allocated. This commits the logical fallacy of ‘begging the question’. These two main weaknesses of contractarianism undermine its claim to be an inevitable result of logic. Instead, it is best seen as a series of rhetorical moves: they arise as a result of pre-existing value judgments, and therefore cannot be utilised to justify such value judgments.
School middle leaders’ personality traits and collective teachers’ efficacy: the moderating role of resource support
Authors: Zadok Ayala , Benoliel Pascale , Schechter Chen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Drawing upon trait-activation-theory, this study explores the moderating role of resource support in the relationship of middle-leaders’ personality traits, namely extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to collective teacher efficacy. The study used a two-source survey design with data from 609 participants: middle-leaders and teachers in 103 secondary schools in Israel. The findings reveal that resource support served as a moderator in the relationship of the personality traits of extraversion and openness to experience and collective teacher efficacy. Specifically, when resource support was low, negative correlations between middle-leaders’ extraversion and openness to experience and collective teacher efficacy were found. However, no correlations were found when resource support was high. No significant influence of resource support was found on the relationship of conscientiousness to collective teacher efficacy. This study adds and deepen our understanding regarding the complex interplay among middle-leaders’ personality traits, school resources support and collective teacher efficacy, emphasising the need for adequate resource support to maximise middle-leader traits’ influences and to promote collective teacher efficacy. These findings have significant practical implications for teacher and teaching education, teacher development programmes and practices, resource allocation decisions, and professional development initiatives.
Optimization of canine sperm cryopreservation by focusing on glycerol concentration and freezing rate
Authors: Ogata Kazuko , Takeuchi Ayaka , Ashibe Shiori , Sugane Naoko , Nagao Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa through the optimization of glycerol concentration (GC) and freezing rate in the semen freezing protocol. Ejaculates from nine dogs were diluted with an extender containing 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 6%, or 9% glycerol. The suspensions were loaded into 0.25 ml straws, frozen in nitrogen vapor in a closed box, and immersed in liquid nitrogen (LN2). The freezing rate was controlled by setting the distance from the LN2 surface to the straws as 1, 4, 7, or 10 cm. Firstly, freezing curves for each GC and freezing rate were analyzed. The analysis showed that the temperature of ice nucleation, freezing point, and immersion were changed with a certain trend depending on the GCs and freezing rates. Secondly, the sperm motility index (MI), viability and mitochondrial (MT) activity were evaluated. At 0 h after thawing, the MI was higher in the 3% and 6% GCs than the 0% GCs (P < 0.05). At 24 h, the 3% GC with 1 cm LN2 distance (1 cm-3%) and the 7 cm-6% showed higher viability than the other conditions (P < 0.05), and the highest MT activity was obtained in the 1 cm-3%, which was higher than the other conditions (P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the rapid freezing rate at 1 cm (average − 31 °C/min) with 3% GC provided the optimal condition in this study; use of this condition should reduce the detrimental damage to dog spermatozoa caused by ice crystal formation during freezing.
Breathtaking dreams: reduced REM phenotype in REM-related sleep apnea
Authors: Cerina Luca , Fonseca Pedro , Papini Gabriele B. , Vullings Rik , Overeem Sebastiaan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The expression of the respiratory events in OSA is influenced by different mechanisms. In particular, REM sleep can highly increase the occurrence of events in a subset of OSA patients, a condition dubbed REM-OSA (often defined as an AHI 2 times higher in REM than NREM sleep). However, a proper characterization of REM-OSA and its pathological sequelae is still inadequate, partly because of limitations in the current definitions.

Methods
We propose a new interpretation of the REM-OSA definition, extending it from a AHI-ratio to a two-dimensional space, considering both time and events ratios in REM over NREM separately. Within this space, we analyzed current definitions of REM-OSA in three large clinical dataset and identified the underlying sources of heterogeneity.

Results
We observed that REM-OSA and REM-independent-OSA subgroups exist. Some subgroups exhibited abnormal REM characteristics (e.g., REM-OSA with reduced time in REM). Others had OSA features that are intermediate between REM-independent-OSA participants and those with a clear disproportion of REM events.

Conclusion
We found that a time and events’ ratio of REM and NREM allow a more precise characterization of REM-OSA subgroups. Our new interpretation can be used to bolster new research into REM-OSA pathophysiological mechanisms.
Effect of Laser Texturing in Thermal Spraying on the Fatigue Life of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Pegane-Vingadas Eléonore , Chaussumier Michel , Soveja Adriana , Costil Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in aerospace applications for its excellent mechanical properties; however, it presents low wear resistance. It is often coated with a cermet using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying to improve its wear performance. The Cr3C2-NiCr cermet becomes particularly interesting since it is non-carcinogenic, compared to traditional cermet coatings containing tungsten-cobalt compounds. While the improvement in wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V with this coating has been demonstrated, its impact on the fatigue performance of the alloy remains to be studied. This is precisely the aim of this study, which focuses on the fatigue life of a Cr3C2-25NiCr-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Among the various influencing factors, surface preparation represents a significant source of crack initiation, particularly in the case of sandblasted surfaces. Indeed, the inclusion of fragmented alumina particles can produce stress concentration zones. Thus, laser texturing, which is a method involving the creation of anchoring points through controlled ablation, can be considered today as a less harmful surface preparation technique. The results obtained from cyclic tensile fatigue tests with a stress ratio of 0.1 for these two surface preparation methods, both with and without the coating, are presented in this paper.
Refugees as Labor: Post World War II Displaced Persons in Australia, Canada, and the USA
Authors: Haines David W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The resettlement of approximately one million European displaced persons (DPs) after the Second World War was a major milestone in humanitarian resettlement. It was also a major milestone in the expansion of immigration in Australia, Canada, and the USA. The humanitarian and immigration expansion aspects of DP resettlement were the result of formal government policy as well as humanitarian organizations, interest groups concerned about the need for labor, and individuals linked to DPs by ties of blood, national origin, and religion. This article examines how the search for labor was integrated into public policy, program implementation, and political debate about DPs and became an essential component of DP resettlement. Specific discussions of Australia, Canada, and the USA help show the different ways a program of humanitarian resettlement could be structured to produce immediate—rather than delayed—economic benefits. This comparative consideration of post-war DP resettlement helps open up future research options for a more integrated understanding of humanitarian and labor aspects of immigration policy more generally, especially in the way profit of various kinds can accrue to policy-guided humanitarian resettlement.
What does it mean when the pleasant smells come and go? Correlation between UPSIT odor identification status and fluctuation of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lei Hsin-Bei , Fang Ting-Chun , Lin Yu-Hsuan , Chiu Shih-Chi , Chang Ming-Hong , Guo Yi-Jen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including olfactory dysfunction. Prior studies have shown that olfaction deteriorates with disease progression, however fluctuations in olfaction and related PD symptoms have been less explored. This study aimed to investigate correlations between changes in odor identification ability and PD symptoms. PD patients recruited from Taichung Veterans General Hospital underwent at least two consecutive Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) evaluations. The patients were grouped based on changes in olfactory identification ability between evaluations, and fluctuations in PD symptoms were compared between groups. Ninety-seven PD patients with 114 complete sets of data were analyzed. Significant divergent results were observed between changes in five MDS-UPDRS non-motor subscores and the conversion status of five pleasant odors, including anxiety vs. bubble gum, apathy vs. banana, dizziness vs. coconut, urination vs. root beer, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) vs. grape. Fluctuations in the ability to detect pleasant odors, may have a complex interaction with other non-motor symptoms, including in the neurobehavioral and autonomic domains. Serial monitoring of olfactory function, particularly with pleasant odors, may provide valuable insights for tracking non-motor symptoms in PD and warrants further investigation into their therapeutic implications.