bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of radiation dose for inferior vena cava filter placement during pregnancy: A comparison of dosimetry and dose calculation software
Authors: Matsunaga Yuta , Haba Tomonobu , Kobayashi Masanao , Suzuki Shoichi , Asada Yasuki , Chida Koichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNumerous medical conditions are associated with pregnancy in women, including pulmonary thromboembolism, which can be fatal. An effective treatment of this condition is the positioning of an inferior vena cava filter (IVC‐F) under the guidance of X‐ray imaging. However, this procedure involves the risk of high radiation exposure to pregnant women and fetuses. Moreover, there are no published reports comparing the values of fetal dose, received during IVC‐F placement in pregnant women, determined using dose calculation software and actual measurements. To address this issue, we compared the fetal radiation dose and entrance surface dose (ESD) for pregnant women for gestation periods of 6 and 9 months based on software calculations and actual measurements. The ESD and fetal doses were estimated for a pregnant woman for gestation periods of 6 and 9 months during IVC‐F placement. For actual measurements, one pregnant model phantom was constructed using an anthropomorphic phantom, and two custom‐made different‐sized abdomen phantoms were used to simulate pregnancy. The custom‐made abdomen phantoms were constructed using polyurethane. For software calculations, the software utilized a set of anatomically realistic pregnant patient phantoms. The ESD estimated using the software was consistent with the measured ESD, but the fetal dose estimations were more complicated due to fetal positioning. During fetal dose evaluation using software calculations, the user must carefully consider how much of the fetal length is in the irradiation field to prevent underestimation or overestimation. Despite the errors, the software can assist the user in identifying the magnitude of the dose approaching critical limits.
Freezing as a Path to Build Micro‐Nanostructured Icephobic Coatings
Authors: Miao Shuangshuang , Liu Xiangdong , Chen Yongping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuperhydrophobic photothermal materials with the micro‐nano structure are considered to be promising icephobic surfaces. Unfortunately, converting micro‐nano hierarchical structure concepts into genuine synthetic materials has proven to be exceedingly expensive and difficult, partially because their sophisticated structures need construction at several length scales. Herein, a facile strategy of employing ice crystals to construct sophisticated hierarchical micro‐nanostructured anti‐icing composites with photothermal, self‐healable, and self‐cleaning properties is presented. The composites are covered with interconnected microscale pores replicated from ice crystals, which facilitates the construction of the hydrophobic or superhydrophobic properties based on the Cassie–Baxter model, endowing the coating with self‐cleaning ability. Besides, by adding solar‐to‐heat conversation nanomaterials, the coating can implement in situ solar anti‐/deicing. The abundant micropores caused by ice templates can further improve the photothermal conversion capability through multiple reflections of light. Importantly, the coating is endowed with the self‐healing capability to repair hydrophobicity under sunlight. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the self‐cleaning and self‐healing abilities are mutually reinforcing, synergistically improving anti‐/deicing performances. Overall, the presented ice‐templated coating shows great potential and broad impacts owing to its inexpensive component materials, simplicity, eco‐friendliness, and high energy efficiency.
From Conventional to Microfluidic: Progress in Extracellular Vesicle Separation and Individual Characterization
Authors: Chen Mingrui , Lin Shujing , Zhou Cheng , Cui Daxiang , Haick Hossam , Tang Ning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles, which contain a wide variety of cargo such as proteins, miRNAs, and lipids. A growing body of evidence suggests that EVs are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Although the excellent clinical value, their use in personalized healthcare practice is not yet feasible due to their highly heterogeneous nature. Taking the difficulty of isolation and the small size of EVs into account, the characterization of EVs at a single‐particle level is both imperative and challenging. In a bid to address this critical point, more research has been directed into a microfluidic platform because of its inherent advantages in sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. This review discusses the biogenesis and heterogeneity of EVs and takes a broad view of state‐of‐the‐art advances in microfluidics‐based EV research, including not only EV separation, but also the single EV characterization of biophysical detection and biochemical analysis. To highlight the advantages of microfluidic techniques, conventional technologies are included for comparison. The current status of artificial intelligence (AI) for single EV characterization is then presented. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of microfluidics and its combination with AI applications in single EV characterization are also discussed. In the foreseeable future, recent breakthroughs in microfluidic platforms are expected to pave the way for single EV analysis and improve applications for precision medicine.
High‐Performance Organohydrogel Artificial Muscle with Compartmentalized Anisotropic Actuation Under Microdomain Confinement
Authors: Zhang Longhao , Yan Hao , Zhou JiaJia , Zhao Ziguang , Huang Jin , Chen Lie , Ru Yunfei , Liu Mingjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent hydrogel actuators mostly suffer from weak actuation strength and low responsive speed owing to their solvent diffusion‐induced volume change mechanism. Here a skeletal muscle‐inspired organohydrogel actuator is reported in which solvents are confined in hydrophobic microdomains. Organohydrogel actuator is driven by compartmentalized directional network deformation instead of volume change, avoiding the limitations that originate from solvent diffusion. Organohydrogel actuator has an actuation frequency of 0.11 Hz, 110 times that of traditional solvent diffusion‐driven hydrogel actuators (<10−3 Hz), and can lift more than 85 times their own weight. This design achieves the combination of high responsive speed, high actuation strength, and large material size, proposing a strategy to fabricate hydrogel actuators comparable with skeletal muscle performance.
Tuning of Polar Domain Boundaries in Nonpolar Perovskite
Authors: An Zheyi , Yokota Hiroko , Kurihara Kyomaru , Hasegawa Nozomu , Marton Pavel , Glazer Anthony Michael , Uesu Yoshiaki , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Paściak Marek , Zhang Nan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDomain boundaries in ferroic materials are found to have various physical properties not observed in the surrounding domains. Such differences can be enhanced and bring promising functionalities when centrosymmetric nonpolar materials encounter polar domain boundaries. In this work, a tunable polar domain boundary is discovered in an antiferroelectric single crystal. Under a small stress or electric field, the density, volume, and polarity of the boundaries are successfully controlled.
Fullerene‐Liquid‐Crystal‐Induced Micrometer‐Scale Charge‐Carrier Diffusion in Organic Bulk Heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Fuwen , He Dan , Zou Can , Li Yawen , Wang Ke , Zhang Jianqi , Yang Shuang , Tu Yingfeng , Wang Chunru , Lin Yuze 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe short charge‐carrier diffusion length (LD) (100–300 nm) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) impedes the further improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs), especially for thick‐film (>400 nm) devices matching with industrial solution processing. Here a facile method is developed to efficiently increase LD and then improve PCEs of OSCs via introducing a fullerene liquid crystal, F1, into the active layer. F1 combines the inherent high electron mobility of fullerene and strong self‐assembly capacity of liquid crystal, providing a fast channel for charge‐carrier transport and reducing energetic disorder and trap density in BHJ film via enhancing crystallization. Typically, in PM6:Y6:F1 BHJ, the enhanced charge‐carrier mobility (>10−2 cm−2 V−1 s−1) and prolonged charge‐carrier lifetime (55.3 µs) are acquired to realize the record LD of 1.6 or 2.4 µm for electron or hole, respectively, which are much higher than those of the PM6:Y6 binary sample and comparable to or even better than those values reported for some inorganic/hybrid materials, such as CuInxGa(1−x)Se2 (CIGS) and perovskite thin films. Benefitting from the micrometer‐scale LD, the PM6:Y6:F1 ternary OSCs sustain a remarkable PCE of 15.23% with the active layer thickness approaching 500 nm.
Tunable Full‐Color Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Two Single‐Component Zinc(II)‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Mu Ying , Cao Fang‐Yuan , Fang Xiao‐Yu , Liu Zhong‐Xin , Wang Jun‐Qing , Han Song‐De , Pan Jie , Wei Qi , Li Jin‐Hua , Wang Guo‐Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTunable full‐color room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is charming due to its potentials in multiple anticounterfeitings, all‐color displays, and multichannel biomarkers. However, it is a huge challenge to achieve excitation‐dependent continuously adjustable full‐color RTP from a single‐component compound. Herein, two Zn(II)‐based organic coordination polymers are reported, which are the first examples characterized by blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange, and red continuously tunable phosphorescence with decent quantum efficiencies in response to variation of excitation energy at ambient conditions. The unique photoluminescence behavior is induced by the selective formation and decay of multiple triplet excited states, i.e., ligand‐centered 3π–π*, 3(ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer), 3(halogen‐to‐ligand charge transfer), etc., in the coordination network based on the varying excitations. The population and stabilization of the unusual triplet excitons of Zn(II)‐based organic coordination polymers benefit from heavy atom effect of Br− ions and the restriction of molecular motion by crystallization. Here an insight is contributed for the construction of full‐color RTP materials, and metal‐organic coordination polymers are endowed with fresh features for extensive applications.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Selective B(4)‐H Amidation of o‐Carboranes with Dioxazolones
Authors: Yang Heejin , Noh Hee Chan , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed selective B4 amidation of o‐carboranes with a variety of alkyl‐, aryl‐, and heteroaryl‐substituted dioxazolones is developed by carboxylic acid‐assisted B(4)‐H bond activation in o‐carborane acids, affording a multitude of (4)‐amidated o‐carboranes in good yields with the evolution of carbon dioxide. In addition, the two‐fold selective decarboxylative amidation reaction of the cage B(4)‐H bond in o‐carborane was accomplished.
Admixture mapping identifies novel Alzheimer's disease risk regions in African Americans
Authors: Rajabli Farid , Tosto Giuseppe , Hamilton‐Nelson Kara L. , Kunkle Brian W. , Vardarajan Badri N. , Naj Adam , Whitehead Patrice G. , Gardner Olivia K. , Bush William S. , Sariya Sanjeev , Mayeux Richard P. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Vance Jeffrey M. , Griswold Anthony J. , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Haines Jonathan L. , Byrd Goldie S. , Reitz Christiane , Beecham Gary W. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Martin Eden R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Collaboration on Alzheimer's Disease Research (CADRE) and Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP)
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study used admixture mapping to prioritize the genetic regions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in African American (AA) individuals, followed by ancestry‐aware regression analysis to fine‐map the prioritized regions.MethodsWe analyzed 10,271 individuals from 17 different AA datasets. We performed admixture mapping and meta‐analyzed the results. We then used regression analysis, adjusting for local ancestry main effects and interactions with genotype, to refine the regions identified from admixture mapping. Finally, we leveraged in silico annotation and differential gene expression data to prioritize AD‐related variants and genes.ResultsAdmixture mapping identified two genome‐wide significant loci on chromosomes 17p13.2 (p = 2.2 × 10−5) and 18q21.33 (p = 1.2 × 10−5). Our fine mapping of the chromosome 17p13.2 and 18q21.33 regions revealed several interesting genes such as the MINK1, KIF1C, and BCL2.DiscussionOur ancestry‐aware regression approach showed that AA individuals have a lower risk of AD if they inherited African ancestry admixture block at the 17p13.2 locus.Highlights
We identified two genome‐wide significant admixture mapping signals: on chromosomes 17p13.2 and 18q21.33, which are novel in African American (AA) populations.
Our ancestry‐aware regression approach showed that AA individuals have a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) if they inherited African ancestry admixture block at the 17p13.2 locus.
We found that the overall proportion of African ancestry does not differ between the cases and controls that suggest African genetic ancestry alone is not likely to explain the AD prevalence difference between AA and non‐Hispanic White populations.
Green synthesis of novel magnetite mixed metal oxides with cationic surfactant nanocomposite: Investigation of its effective removal of Azorubine E122 food dye and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Nabil Gehan M. , Mahmoud Mohamed E. , Makled Sarah O. 
Published: December 2022

Design and assembly of novel nanocomposites with multi‐purpose activities including efficient adsorption behavior toward different pollutants and microbial growth inhibition of various active biological species is a challenging aspect. Therefore, the current study is devoted to fabricating a novel nanocomposite of mixed metal oxides (ZrO2 and SiO2) with magnetite (Fe3O4) and cationic surfactants (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide [CTAB] and dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide [DoTAB]) via a solvent free microwave methodology to yield ZrSiO4 NPs‐CTAB@Fe3O4 NPs‐DoTAB. The as‐prepared nanocomposite was characterized by SEM to confirm the existence of homogeneous particles (~32.45 nm). The chemical structure of nanocomposite was also confirmed from the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The surface area of this nanocomposite was also determined by the Brunauer‐ Emmett‐ Teller (BET) method and found to correspond to 6.319 m2 g−1. Remediation of Azorubine E122 food dye was optimized in the presence of a number of controlling parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity was characterized as 66.55 mg g−1 using 50 mg nanocomposite at 20 min. Kinetics and isotherm modeling evaluations referred to the best fitting with pseudo‐second order and Freundlich model, respectively. The antibacterial activity of ZrSiO4 NPs‐CTAB@Fe3O4 NPs‐DoTAB nanocomposite was assessed against Escherichia coli ATCC® 25922™ and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923™, and the collected data proved efficient growth inhibition (p < 0.05) at considerably low concentrations of the investigated nanocomposite. Therefore, the evaluated ZrSiO4 NPs‐CTAB@Fe3O4 NPs‐DoTAB nanocomposite was concluded to afford excellent antibacterial activity and efficient magnetic removal behavior of organic dyes. Hence, it is recommended as a talented material for purification of water resources containing multi‐chemical and biological pollutants as well. Finally, this study is expected to open new prospects for manufacturing other new nanocomposites with the aim of future applications in the removal of different chemical pollutants as well as viruses and bacteria.
A novel sustainable strategy of upcycled waste polyphenylene sulfide filter bag: From waste polyphenylene sulfide powder to char‐forming agent for flame retardant epoxy
Authors: Wang Hao , Yuan Jun , Zhu Zongmin , Wang Hua , Wang Luoxin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyphenylene sulfide (PPS) filter bag is widely used in the field of high temperature filtration of coal dust because of its high temperature resistance and stable chemical properties. However, as nondegradable solid waste, incineration is main solution for waste PPS filter materials which also brings harm to the environment. To achieve green recycling and efficient utilization of waste PPS filter material, waste PPS is utilized as the charring agent together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form a compound flame retardant to improve flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP). Due to the excellent char‐forming ability of PPS, good performance of EP/APP/PPS composites is obtained in the rigorous combustion test. When the mass ratio of APP and waste PPS is 3:1 and the total load is 15 wt%, EP/IFR3 composite can pass the UL‐94 V‐0 rating, and its LOI increase to 28.1%. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests presented its peak heat and smoke release rates were reduced by 49.9% and 63.6% compared with neat EP, respectively. Residual carbon analysis shows that this system is mainly a condense‐phase flame‐retardant mechanism. In addition, due to poor dispersion and compatibility, the flexural performance and thermal stability are destroyed to a certain extent.
Job prospects and career pathways for human anatomy graduates from the University of Otago: Implications for student support and professional development
Authors: Corre P. Hanna C. , Alexander Alana , Daniel Ben K. , Wibowo Erik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Department of Anatomy (Anatomy) at the University of Otago delivers programs for students in diverse areas, including clinical anatomy, neuroscience, reproduction and biological anthropology. This study explored the experiences of alumni during their study and career pathways post‐graduation through an online questionnaire distributed to department alumni. Most of the 190 participants studied anatomy as undergraduates (74.2%) and graduated in the past decade (56.8%). Reasons for taking anatomy included finding the topic interesting, a pathway into professional programs, or a degree requirement. Current employment differed between undergraduate (44.7% currently employed in clinical settings) and postgraduate alumni (26.4% currently employed in research, 19.5% in clinical settings). The main pathways for finding jobs were by direct search (38.6%), completing tertiary education (29.2%), and through social network connections (16.4%). Women alumni were less likely to feel that Anatomy prepared them for their careers than men. Themes related to positive and negative experiences included staff, course material/resources, social events, and peers. Suggestions to improve the departmental “sense of community” included increasing departmental events and resources. Alumni suggested that Anatomy should provide more potential career information, make available recent alumni profiles, and organize career fairs and networking opportunities. Postgraduate alumni were more likely to feel a “sense of belonging” in Anatomy than undergraduate alumni. Findings from this research provide an essential data point in the international evaluation of career prospects of anatomy graduates and provide a road map for other institutions to survey their alumni to obtain local insights.
Substituent Effect and Its Halogen‐Atom Dependence of Halogen Bonding Viewed through Electron Density Changes
Authors: Sakai Takanori , Torii Hajime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElucidating how the halogen‐bonding ability and strength are controlled by the substituent effect and how this control depends on halogen atom will be essential for finely‐tuned design of functionally important molecules. Here, this problem is tackled by analyzing the electron density differences/changes for variously substituted halobenzenes. It is shown that the anisotropy of the electron distribution around the halogen atom, which is an important factor for halogen‐bonding ability, is not much affected by the substituent effect and rather simply depends on the halogen atom, while the partial charge on the halogen atom, which is related to the bond dipole of the C−X bond, is significantly modulated by the substituent effect and gives rise to enhancement of the electrostatic potential on the line extended from the C−X bond. The properties related to the polarization effect are also discussed.
Time well spent? Temporal dimensions of study abroad and implications for student experiences and outcomes under the UK Turing Scheme
Authors: Waters Johanna L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper reflects on the importance of ‘time spent’ in understanding the international student experience. Short‐term mobility programmes (involving stays of between 1 week and 2 months) attracting less privileged students, such as the relatively new Turing Scheme in the United Kingdom, have been hailed as a potential ‘solution’ to the fact that, traditionally, wealthier individuals have been far more likely to engage in study abroad. However, we do not yet know how short‐term and longer duration programmes compare in terms of the value they confer to students (in relation to their experiences and outcomes). How likely is it that short‐term mobility at undergraduate level is as valuable, according to different measures, as mobility lasting 6 months to several years (as with degree mobility)? This paper reviews some of the evidence to date on shorter duration mobility, addressing how value in international study is constructed and conferred and how this relates to ‘time spent’. The paper concludes by arguing that the picture is mixed: although short‐term mobility will be beneficial to students, those engaging in longer term exchanges (usually more privileged students) are likely to derive greater benefits.