bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Studies and Comparative Analyses on Apparent
Viscosity of Solid Particle, Droplet, and Bubble Suspensions
Authors: Pang Mingjun , Zhang Shihuan , Niu Ruipeng 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Suspensions can be frequently seen in natural, industrial, and
agricultural processes. The addition of dispersed phases (such as solid particles, droplets,
and bubbles) greatly affects the rheological properties of matrix liquid. Therefore, it
is very important to understand the rheological properties of particle suspensions for
optimizing production processes and improving process efficiencies.

Objective:
To explore qualitatively the physical law and internal mechanism of the apparent
viscosity of suspensions formed by a Newtonian liquid containing solid particles,
droplets, and bubbles, respectively.

Methods:
The apparent viscosity of suspensions was measured and analyzed using a
rotary rheometer (MCR302), and the evolution of particles was recorded using a highspeed
camera (Revealer 2F01M).

Results:
When the deformation of deformable particles (such as bubbles or water droplets)
is slight (close to a sphere in shape), or the arrangement of rigid particles is disordered,
the relative viscosity of suspensions is greater than 1. When the deformation of
deformable particles is large (greatly deviating from a sphere in shape) or rigid particles
are arranged in order, the apparent viscosity of suspensions decreases and the relative
viscosity of suspensions containing deformable particles is less than 1.

Conclusion:
The apparent viscosity of suspensions is closely related to particle shape,
particle arrangement, and volume fraction. The higher volume fraction of particles significantly
influences the apparent viscosity of suspensions.
Silicon Prismanes: Calculation and Comparison of Heats of Formation
Authors: Zauer Elena A. , Ershov Alexander B. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The objects of this work are silicon prismanes - new highenergy
materials that can be used in various electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric,
and biological fields and compete with traditional chemical energy carriers. However,
only compounds with hexasilacubane and octasilacubane have been synthesized to
date. Synthesis of other silapismanes, and even more so polysilaprismanes, has not yet
been achieved. Therefore, both the “simplest” and the highest silaprismanes are studied
mainly theoretically, including by quantum chemistry methods.

Objective and Methods:
To expand information about the enthalpies of formation of
"simple" (n = 2) and multilayer (n = 3-7) silicon prismanes using semiempirical calculation
methods; bond lengths Si-Si and Si-H; compare them with the results of ab initio
calculations already available in the literature.

Results:
The geometry was optimized by semiempirical methods, the enthalpies of
formation, Si-Si and Si-H bond lengths, and the bond angles of the bilayer (m = 3-12)
and some multilayer (n = 3-8 and m = 3-9) silaprismanes were determined. Comparison
with the enthalpies of formation obtained using ab initio calculations shows that
the enthalpies of formation obtained by the MINDO/3 method (Modified Intermediate
Neglect of Differential Overlap, version 3) are closest to the results of ab initio calculations
of two-layer silicon prismanes; and for multilayers - by the AM1 method (Austin
Model 1). Large differences in the lengths of Si-H bonds determined ab initio and
semi-empirically by both methods are not observed. As for the Si-Si bonds, the results
of semi-empirical methods indicate the presence of the so-called auxetic effect in multilayer
silaprismanes.

Conclusion:
We believe that in the future, the calculations carried out in this work and
a comparative assessment of the enthalpies of formation obtained by calculation
methods will help to overcome the problems associated with the synthesis of silicon
prismanes.
CO-PYROLYSIS OF SCRAP TIRES (ST) DAN PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE (PP): DISTRIBUSI PRODUK DAN PROPERTIS FISIK PYRO-OIL
Authors: Sofana Ilyas , Wijayanti Widya , Hamidi Nurkholis 
Published: January 2023

Plastic waste and scrap tires (ST) have now become pollution that harms the environment in various cities around the world if not managed properly. As pollutants, the two types of waste are actually very interesting to manage because they contain hydrocarbon elements so that they can be processed and have the potential to become alternative fuels. This study aims to determine the effect of co-pyrolysis of scrap tires (ST) and polypropylene (PP) plastic on the distribution of products in the form of oil and char/charcoal. The pyrolysis process was carried out at a temperature of 450℃ for 90 minutes using a fixed bed pyrolysis reactor with ST:PP mixing variations, namely 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5. The maximum pyrolysis product yield in the form of oil as much as 40.7 Wt% was obtained at a 6:4 mixing variation followed by a 7:3 (36.7 Wt%) mixing variation, then a 5:5 variant (36 Wt%), after that an 8:2 variant (34.3 Wt%) and the last is the 9:1 mixing variation with a total of 28.3 Wt%. For the maximum pyrolysis product in the form of char as much as 42.6 Wt% obtained at 9:1 mixing variation followed by 7:3 mixing variation (41 Wt%) after that 8:2 variant with 38.7 Wt%, then 6:4 with the amount of 27.7 Wt%, and the last is the mixing variation of 5:5 to obtain the char result of 18.3 Wt%. Physical properties of pyro-oil in the form of density and calorific value will also be shown in this study.
Digital Behavioral Activation Interventions During the Perinatal Period: Scoping Review
Authors: Mancinelli Elisa , Dell'Arciprete Gaia , Pattarozzi Davide , Gabrielli Silvia , Salcuni Silvia 
Published: January 2023

Background
Pregnancy is a complex period that implies many biopsychosocial changes, and the way women adapt to these changes impacts their well-being and the chances of developing mental health problems. During the perinatal period, women have expressed a preference for support delivered on the web. In this regard, interventions such as behavioral activation (BA), which are brief and structured psychosocial interventions, seem particularly suited to be delivered through digital solutions.

Objective
This study aimed to map the literature investigating digital BA interventions deployed during the perinatal period. We paid particular attention to the methodological underpinnings of the studies, the potential impact of BA interventions on symptoms other than depression, and the existence of differences occurring when these interventions were administered during pregnancy versus the postpartum period.

Methods
A systematic search compliant with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines was conducted considering 5 bibliographic databases; reference lists and key journals were also screened by 2 independent authors following a double-blind approach.

Results
A total of 7 studies published between 2013 and 2022 were included. In total, 2 studies were protocols for randomized controlled trials, 5 were empirical studies, and 1 was a qualitative study. All studies focused on the postpartum period, except for 1 that focused on the broader perinatal period. Promising effects on depression symptoms were reported but not on other psychosocial symptoms. Low intervention adherence has emerged, whereas the usability associated with the digital means used to deploy interventions was scarcely addressed; moreover, information on the digital platforms used was poorly reported overall.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the scarcity and preliminary nature of digital BA interventions deployed during the perinatal period, where the focus seems more on treatment rather than prevention. Moreover, future studies should also consider and address usability and user engagement, given their relevance to intervention efficacy.
Dietary Temperature’s Influence on Energy Balance in Humans: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Crossover Design
Authors: Rastmanesh Reza , Flack Kyle D 
Published: January 2023

Background
According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system. Water has a characteristically high heat capacity, indicating that the temperature of ingested fluids and meals could contribute to energy homeostasis. Citing the underlying molecular mechanisms, we present a novel hypothesis that states that the temperature of one’s food and drink contributes to energy balance and plays a role in the development of obesity. We provide strong associations with certain molecular mechanisms that are activated by heat and correlate them with obesity and a hypothetical trial that could test this hypothesis. We conclude that if meal or drink temperature proves to contribute to energy homeostasis, then depending on its contribution and scale, future clinical trials should attempt to adjust this effect when analyzing data. In addition, previous research and established relationships of disease states with dietary patterns, energy intake, and food component intakes should be revisited. We understand the common assumption that thermal energy in food is absorbed by the body during digestion and dissipated as heat into the environment, not contributing to the energy balance. We challenge this assumption herein, including a proposed study design that would test our hypothesis.

Objective
This paper hypothesizes that the temperature of ingested foods or fluids influences energy homeostasis through the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially HSP-70 and HSP-90, which are expressed to a greater extent in obesity and are known to cause deficits in glucose metabolism.

Methods
We provide preliminary evidence supporting our hypothesis that greater dietary temperatures disproportionally induce activation of both intracellular and extracellular HSPs and that these HSPs influence energy balance and contribute to obesity.

Results
This trial protocol has not been initiated and funding has not been sought at the time of this publication.

Conclusions
To date, no clinical trials are available regarding the potential effects of meal and fluid temperature on weight status or its confounding effects in data analysis. A potential mechanism is proposed as a basis by which higher temperatures of foods and beverages might influence energy balance via HSP expression. On the basis of the evidence supporting our hypothesis, we propose a clinical trial that will further elucidate these mechanisms.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/42846
Preliminary Study on the Use of Digital Surface Models for Estimating Vegetation Cover Density in Mountainous Area
Authors: Danoedoro Projo , Gupita Diwyacitta Dirda , Afwani Muhammad Zayyanul , Hadi Haeydar Anggara , Mahendra William Krista 
Published: January 2023

Digital surface model (DSM) has been widely available for mapping and was also sometimes used for mapping vegetation height. The authors conducted a preliminary study to evaluate the potential use of DSMs derived from ASTER, ALOS, and SRTM for estimating vegetation cover density in mountainous area. This study used NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices, in addition to forest cover density (FCD) model as references for evaluation. A DSM-based volume index (Volindex) concept is introduced, which is the product of the canopy height model (CHM) and the pixel area. CHM was derived from the value difference between the DSM and the reference DEM. The Volindex model was then compared with the NDVI, SAVI and FCD. We found that all DSM-based Volindex models are not accurate enough to represent the vegetation cover density, although the ALOS Palsar-based Volindex could reach 41.53% accuracy and was finally used to predict the vegetation cover density.
Consumer Perception Towards Online Pharmacy And Offline Pharmacy With Reference To Mumbai City
Authors: Ushir Rahul Baburao , Dolly Diana Dr. P. 
Published: January 2023

E-commerce investment in medical and pharmaceuticals is skyrocketing, which is assisting in the growth of either the online and offline supply of options for acquiring drugs to customers. This measure would ultimately assist the Indian drug industry in better meeting the demands of customers. The convenience given by e-medicines is allowing patients to shift from offline to online ordering modalities, particularly with the increased usage of the World Wide Web currently. Although a greater proportion of people, such as the elderly, disabled, and those living in remote areas, have begun to use this advanced practise on a regular basis, there remains a sizable segment of society that is still reliant on the traditional method of obtaining meds from drug stores and relies on it. Certain cases of fraudulent and inadequate information regarding pharmaceuticals and medicines being shown on these sites of "Pharmacies" and apps have been detected, making them unethical. Furthermore, it is clear that Internet prescription cannot replace the real physician's care of the patient, since patients are still at danger of significant medication interactions and adverse effects while using the online treatment approach.
Purpose: Study was done to investigate consumer perceptions about online and offline pharmacies in Mumbai, India, and if there is any danger involved with purchasing drugs from all these sources.
Design/ Methodology: The survey looked at people's attitudes about online and traditional pharmacies. Which of these do individuals in India tend to favour for their frequent pharmaceutical purchases? The investigation is conclusive in nature, and a casual research strategy was employed to assess people's behaviour and preferences regarding online and physical pharmacies. The research also included a qualitative component since the behaviour of buyers/consumers was examined. The descriptive component of the research is there just to analyse and comprehend the consumer's behaviour and the variables that lead to this choice.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli
Authors: Padole Nitin Nilkanth 
Published: January 2023

In Recent year's medication obstruction is a quickly developing issue over the whole world in the treatment of infectious diseases. The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics produced antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. Anyway right now, nanotechnology research has been engaging more in restorative businesses with various advantages because of the way that surface area to volume proportion of Nanoparticles is quite large. In this exploration work, Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are prepared by using a reducing agent like sodium borohydride and capping agent polyvinylpyrolidine.
The AgNPs were set up by the chemical reduction method. Nanotechnology has its own importance it eventually reduce dose and also have a superior bioavailability than larger particles. The prepared AgNPs were subjected to characterization like particle size, X-Ray diffraction. In addition, the AgNPs drawing much interest in account of their powerful antibacterial movement. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs checked against the bacterial culture of Staphylococcus Aureus and E, coli. The zone of inhibition AgNPs was checked against both microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrate antibacterial activity of AgNPs against the bacterial culture of Staphylococcus Aureus and E, coli.
Determination of Iron Content, Potassium, Calcium, and Sodium In Chinese Date Fruit (Ziziphus Jujuba Miller.) Fresh and Boiled In Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Amin , M Masfria , Putra Effendy De Lux 
Published: January 2023

Chinese dates fruit are generally used by the people of Indonesia as a fruit that has a fairly good nutritional value, namely every 100 g of Chinese dates fruit contain 79 kcal of energy, 1.2 g protein, 20.23 g carbohydrates, 250 mg potassium, 21 mg calcium, 23 mg. phosphorus, 0.5 mg iron, 3 mg sodium, 10 mg magnesium, 0.1 vitamin B6 and 69 mg vitamin C. Chinese dates fruit are foods that are rich in fiber, so they can lower blood cholesterol and cure chronic constipation. In addition, Chinese dates fruit are foods with good sources of potassium. Adequate potassium intake can lower blood pressure so that it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. High iron content can also prevent anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the content of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium in fresh and boiled Chinese dates fruit fruit, and to determine the percentage decrease in levels after boiling.
The method used in this study included dry digestion, then quantitative analysis of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, namely iron at a wavelength of 248.3 nm, for potassium 766.5 nm, to calcium 422.7 nm, and sodium 589.0 nm.
The results showed that the iron content in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit was (0.6687 ± 0.0084) mg/100 g and boiled (0.3285 ± 0.0127) mg/100 g. Potassium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (657.9024 ± 0.4713) mg/100 g and boiled (158.6504 ± 0.2510) mg/100 g. Calcium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit were (47.3501 ± 1.1630) mg/100 g and boiled (26.3968 ± 0.5922) mg/100 g, and sodium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (16.1272 ± 0.1543) mg/100 g and boiled at (13.4048 ± 0.1973) mg/100 g. The percentage decrease in mineral content in Chinese dates fruit fruit after boiling, for iron was 50.87%, potassium 75.88%, calcium 44.25%; and 16.88% sodium.
Statistically different test of the average mineral levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium using the T distribution, it can be concluded that fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit contain higher levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium minerals than boiled Chinese dates fruit.
The Evaluation of Anti Microbial Activity of Classical Siddha Medicine Seenthil Choornam
Authors: Sunanna Lalitha , Manoharan A. 
Published: January 2023

Seenthil Choornam is a Classical Siddha medicine having its ingredients with herbal andanimal origin. The raw drugs- Seenthil (Tinospora cordifolia .sp), Karisalai (Ecilpta Albasp), and Poonagam(Eudriluseugeniae.sp) were purified and combined as per theliterature. Aim: - The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-microbial activity of Seenthil Choornam.
Materials and methods: - Raw drugs were collectedfrom Keralaand Tamilnadu .The identification and authentication of plant
drugs were obtained fromGovt.Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. The authentication of Poonagam (Eudrilus eugeniaesp.) was obtained from Advanced Centre of Environmental Studies and Sustainable Development-Inter University Centre – Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam...Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of drug is studied for its activity against four Gram positive, three Gram negative bacteria and five fungi in concentrations of 25ul, 50ul, 75ul and 100ul , using Disc diffusion method. The standard drug for comparison of anti-bacterial activity is Streptomycin and for Anti-fungal activityis Fluconazole. Result:- The aqueous extract of drug in concentrations of 75ul & 100ul has zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (G+ve)- (19mm, 21mm) ,Enterococcusfeacalis-(G+ve)in conc.75ul&100ul - (11mm, 13mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (G-ve) in conc.75ul &100ul- (11mm ,13mm) , Staphylococcus aureus (G+ve)in conc. 75ul &100ul-(10mm,11mm) and towards fungus -Aspergillus flavusin conc. 75ul &100ul ( 12mm, 13mm ) .From the above study it is evident that the classical medicineSeenthil Choornamis effective against human pathogens.
A Comparison of the Drug Approval Process in the United States and Canada
Authors: Botros Sylvia , Botros Mina , Botros Nancy 
Published: January 2023

The drug approval process is comparative between the United States and Canada. Without the drug approval process, consumers would be experiencing severe health consequences, therefore, the approval process is expensive, time-consuming, and lengthy for pharmaceutical companies to ensure the compound is safe and effective for its intended use.
The electronic databases utilized to recognize applicable published articles from Embase/Ovid and PubMed. The keywords utilized to recognize the pertinent articles were the following: Drug Approval, Drug Development, Food and Drug Administration, United States, Canada, and Pharmaceuticals. The research articles excluded were: non-drug, including vaccines approval process, international regulatory organizations, articles that weren’t relevant to the study, and articles that are not in English language. There was no limit on the date the articles were published.
There are more similarities than differences in the drug approval process between Canada and the United States. Both countries contain a regulatory organization (Health Canada; FDA) that review and approve novel drugs to ensure safety and efficacy prior to marketing. Pharmaceutical companies must submit an IND application prior to the inception of clinical trials in humans. Drug approval by FDA is similar to Health Canada, where they develop guidance recommendations to assist pharma companies in complying with regulations.
The majority of the published articles focus on the comparison of the drug approval process between the United States and other countries, little-to-no articles discussed the advantages/disadvantages of the drug approval process and how the length of the approval process effects patient population.
Strategi Penyaluran Dana Zakat Produktif Melalui Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi
Authors: Sholikhah Siti Khiyarotus , Efendi Mansur 
Published: January 2023

Poverty is a serious problem, not only in big cities but also in all corners of the country. LAZIS Central Java Solo Branch is here to help the community distribute their zakat to mustaḥiq and also help small entrepreneurs to develop their businesses from the zakat funds that have been collected. This study aims to explain the strategy for channeling productive zakat funds through an economic empowerment program and to mention the supporting and inhibiting factors in distributing productive zakat funds at LAZIS Central Java, Solo Branch. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a type of fieldresearch. The data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources were obtained from observations and interviews conducted with Central Java LAZIS management and mustaḥiq, and secondary data sources were obtained from important supporting documents. The results of this study indicate that the strategy applied in channeling productive zakat funds for the LAZIS Central Java Economic Empowerment Program, Solo Branch, uses the stages of survey, submission of files, verification, rolling out and mentoring. Factors supporting the distribution of productive zakat funds consist of four factors, namely the existence of a clear program design, the availability of zakat funds, the presence of volunteers who participate and the level of participation of beneficiaries. While the inhibiting factors consist of two factors, namely the lack of quality human resources and the lack of maximum performance in the process of monitoring or program monitoring.