bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of functionally distinct native and non‐indigenous species within marine urban habitats
Authors: Leclerc Jean‐Charles , Figueroa Naily Nashira , Viard Frédérique , Brante Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTrait‐based approaches are powerful to examine the processes associated with biological invasions. Functional comparison among native and non‐indigenous species (NIS) can notably infer whether novel assemblages result from neutral or niche‐based assembly rules. Applying such a framework to biofouling communities, our study aimed to elucidate their distributions within two marine urban habitats (namely floating vs. nonfloating habitats).LocationSoutheast Pacific—Central Chilean coastline.MethodsHere, we examined the distribution of 12 functional traits in fouling communities established on settlement plates, after 3 and 13 months of deployment in the two habitats and across ports in Central Chile. Based upon previously described differences of assemblages and NIS contribution across habitats, we hypothesized that nonindigenous, cryptogenic and native taxon pools would be functionally distinct (and trait biased), and that functional diversity and structure would vary across habitats and successional stages.ResultsOur results show, as anticipated, that nonindigenous (13 taxa), cryptogenic (12) and native (18) taxon pools are functionally distinct, though overlapping in the trait space. Non‐indigenous species are rather related to colonizing traits, while native species are more related to competitive traits. Only one widespread NIS was functionally similar to the late successional and most competitive native species, including taxa elsewhere invasives. Despite differences in taxonomic composition between habitats, we did not observe functional differences between them. In contrast, temporal variations across colonization stages were detected along with an increased contribution in large and long‐lived taxa, together with site‐specific trajectories.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that the functional distinctness among nonindigenous, cryptogenic and native taxa occupying artificial habitats in ports reflects niche‐based processes. Site‐specific trajectories indicate that scale‐dependent assembly processes, such as dispersal and species interactions, are at play.
Association between weight loss and health care resource utilization in adults living with obesity: Evidence from a UK primary care database
Authors: Bojke Chris , Capucci Silvia , Haase Christiane Lundegaard , Hartvig Niels Væver , Sommer Matthiessen Kasper , Morgen Camilla S. , Rendon Adriana , Pearson‐Stuttard Jonathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsWe investigated the impact of intentional weight loss on health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among people with obesity.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database. Adults >18 years at index date [first recorded body mass index (BMI) of 30‐50 kg/m2 between 2006 and 2015 with a further BMI record 4 years later] were assigned to an intentional weight loss cohort (−25% to −10% BMI change) or a stable weight cohort (−3% to +3%), based on their BMI change during a 4‐year baseline period from index date. Evidence of intention to lose weight during the baseline period was required. Linked Hospital Episode Statistics datasets captured HCRU and costs over an 8‐year follow‐up period. Mixed effects models adjusted for demographics, total costs during baseline and baseline comorbidities were used.ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between cohorts with weight loss (n = 8676) and stable weight (n = 44 519). Over follow‐up, the weight loss cohort experienced a significantly lower mean annual increase in total costs [2.1% (95% confidence interval: 1.3‐2.8)] than the stable weight cohort [4.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.0‐4.6); p < .0001]. Weight loss was associated with a lower mean annual increase in multiple HCRU and cost components compared with maintaining a stable high weight.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that intentional weight loss of 10‐25% is associated with lower HCRU and costs in the long term among individuals living with obesity, relative to stable weight.
Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate‐exposed human islets
Authors: Wen Quan , Chowdhury Azazul Islam , Aydin Banu , Shekha Mudhir , Stenlid Rasmus , Forslund Anders , Bergsten Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo elucidate how proinsulin synthesis and insulin was affected by metformin under conditions of nutrient overstimulation.Materials and MethodsIsolated human pancreatic islets from seven donors were cultured at 5.5 mmol/L glucose and 0.5 mmol/L palmitate for 12, 24 or 72 h. Metformin (25 μmol/L) was introduced after initial 12 h with palmitate. Proinsulin and insulin were measured. Expression of prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE), was determined by western blot. Adolescents with obesity, treated with metformin and with normal glucose tolerance (n = 5), prediabetes (n = 14), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM; n = 7) were included. Fasting proinsulin, insulin, glucose, 2‐h glucose and glycated haemoglobin were measured. Proinsulin/insulin ratio (PI/I) was calculated.ResultsIn human islets, palmitate treatment for 12 and 24 h increased proinsulin and insulin proportionally. After 72 h, proinsulin but not insulin continued to increase which was coupled with reduced expression of PC1/3 and CPE. Metformin normalized expression of PC1/3 and CPE, and proinsulin and insulin secretion. In adolescents with obesity, before treatment, fasting proinsulin and insulin concentrations were higher in subjects with T2DM than with normal glucose tolerance. PI/I was reduced after metformin treatment in subjects with T2DM as well as in subjects with prediabetes, coupled with reduced 2‐h glucose and glycated haemoglobin.ConclusionsMetformin normalized proinsulin and insulin secretion after prolonged nutrient‐overstimulation, coupled with normalization of the converting enzymes, in isolated islets. In adolescents with obesity, metformin treatment was associated with improved PI/I, which was coupled with improved glycaemic control.
The ‘Behavioral Balance Model’: A new perspective on the aetiology and therapy of obesity
Authors: Schultes Bernd , Ernst Barbara , Hallschmid Manfred , Bueter Marco , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObesity is a debilitating disease of global proportions that necessitates refined, concept‐driven therapeutic approaches. Policy makers, the public and even health care professionals, but also individuals with obesity harbour many misconceptions regarding this disease, which leads to prejudice, negative attitudes, stigmatization, discrimination, self‐blame, and failure to provide and finance adequate medical care. Decades of intensive, successful scientific research on obesity have only had a very limited effect on this predicament. We propose a science‐based, easy‐to‐understand conceptual model that synthesizes the complex pathogenesis of obesity including biological, psychological, social, economic and environmental aspects with the aim to explain and communicate better the nature of obesity and currently available therapeutic modalities. According to our integrative ‘Behavioral Balance Model’, ‘top‐down cognitive control’ strategies are implemented (often with limited success) to counterbalance the increased ‘bottom‐up drive’ to gain weight, which is triggered by biological, psycho‐social and environmental mechanisms in people with obesity. Besides offering a deeper understanding of obesity, the model also highlights why there is a strong need for multimodal therapeutic approaches that may not only increase top‐down control but also reduce a pathologically increased bottom‐up drive.
Environmental variables drive spatial patterns of trophic diversity in mammals
Authors: Adkins Jaron , Hammill Edd , Abdulwahab Umarfarooq A. , Draper John P. , Wolf J. Marshall , McClure Catherine M. , González Ortiz Adrián A. , Chavez Emily A. , Atwood Trisha B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnderstanding environmental drivers of species diversity has become increasingly important under climate change. Different trophic groups (predators, omnivores and herbivores) interact with their environments in fundamentally different ways and may therefore be influenced by different environmental drivers. Using random forest models, we identified drivers of terrestrial mammals' total and proportional species richness within trophic groups at a global scale. Precipitation seasonality was the most important predictor of richness for all trophic groups. Richness peaked at intermediate precipitation seasonality, indicating that moderate levels of environmental heterogeneity promote mammal richness. Gross primary production (GPP) was the most important correlate of the relative contribution of each trophic group to total species richness. The strong relationship with GPP demonstrates that basal‐level resource availability influences how diversity is structured among trophic groups. Our findings suggest that environmental characteristics that influence resource temporal variability and abundance are important predictors of terrestrial mammal richness at a global scale.
High‐level competition exercise and related fatigue are associated with stride and jumping characteristics in eventing horses
Authors: Burger Dominik , Vidondo Beatriz , Gerber Vinzenz , Deillon David , Müller Antonia , Scheidegger Milena , Käser Rebekka , Ramseyer Alessandra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundFatigue and related injuries to the musculoskeletal system are among the most frequent reasons for the withdrawal of high‐level eventing horses from the sport. The safety of both horse and rider is very important, and early detection of fatigue is crucial.ObjectivesTo investigate elite eventing horses in competitive events focusing on biomechanical, cardiovascular and metabolic variables across the cross‐country test and to identify their potential associations with fatigue.Study designProspective observational exploratory field study.MethodsObservations on 54 cross‐country tests of 33 horses at five competitive, high‐level events were evaluated using sternal accelerometric analysis of stride parameters between and at the jumps. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were determined 10 min after finishing. The differences in kinematic parameters between the course start and end were analysed with mixed models for repeated measures. Associations between blood lactate and heart rate recovery with the kinematic variables were quantified with Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsWe observed numerous stride characteristics between the jumps and the jumps changing over time during the courses. Blood lactate concentrations were positively correlated with the mean maximal strike power at the jumps in the last minute of the course (r = 0.41; p < 0.001), and the latter was negatively correlated with the mean stride height over the jumps (r = −0.41; p = 0.003).Main limitationsThe sample contained horses of varying breeds, sexes and ages, and different horses participated in different events.ConclusionsWe identified several kinematic changes during a cross‐country test depending on event, speed and fatigue.
Local neutrophil and eosinophil extracellular traps formation in pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans is a rare inflammatory condition, affecting the skin and/or mucous membrane. Some cases include both skin and mucous involvement, whereas others develop either skin or mucous lesions only. The typically affected areas are the scalp, face, trunk and extremities, including the flexural areas and umbilicus. Clinical features show erosive granulomatous plaques, keratotic plaques with overlying crusts and pustular lesions. Among mucous lesions, oral mucosa is most frequently involved, and gingival erythema, shallow erosions, cobblestone‐like papules on the buccal mucosa or upper hard palate of the oral cavity are also observed. Some of the lesions assume a ‘snail track’ appearance. Although there are several similarities between pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans and other diseases, that is pyoderma gangrenosum, pemphigus vegetans and pemphigoid vegetans, the histopathological features of pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans are unique in that epidermal hyperplasia, focal acantholysis and dense inflammatory infiltrates with intraepidermal and subepidermal eosinophilic microabscesses are observed. Direct immunofluorescence findings are principally negative. Activated neutrophils are supposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans. The expression of IL‐36 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was observed in the lesional skin, and additionally, eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) was detected in pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans. A possible pathogenic role of NETs and EETs in the innate immunity and autoinflammatory aspects of pyodermatitis pyostomatitis vegetans was discussed.
Young adults' perceptions of morality‐based messages from parents about sex: An exploratory study
Authors: Payne Pamela B. , Mitchell Sarah N. , Lopez Cristina , DeCount Te'Airra , Shrout M. Rosie , Russell Kristan N. , Weigel Daniel J. , Evans William P. , Weiser Dana A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this study was to explore the messages young adults received from their parents about sexual morality.BackgroundResearch on parent–child communication about sexuality has shown that parents are likely to convey moral messages about sex, however, little is known about the content of these messages.MethodYoung adults (N = 350) were surveyed about parent–child communication as part of a larger study (N = 425). This paper focuses on perceptions of messages about sexual morality young adults believe they received from their parents while growing up.ResultsResults indicate parents may unknowingly be providing gendered information reinforcing sexual scripts. Specifically, women are differentially taught about relationship structures (e.g., marriage), abstinence, consent, avoidance of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, contraception, and autonomy, while also receiving disproportionately more mixed, unclear messages than men.ConclusionsEmerging adult recollections on parent–child discussions tended to be general in scope and lacked the specificity that could inform sexual knowledge and behaviors.ImplicationsThese thematic messages related to sexual morality can be utilized to inform sexual education and parent education programs related to sexuality, sexual knowledge, and communication. Lack of comprehensive sexual education and parent–child discussions may have implications for health and well‐being.
Shouldering the burden: Intensive mothering and autism
Authors: Dembosky Jacob W. , Heckert D. Alex , Boser Susan , Migyanka Joann M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the degree to which intensive mothering ideology corresponds to the perspectives and roles of mothers of young adults with autism.BackgroundPrevious research suggests that intensive mothering ideology shapes the perspectives and roles of mothers in general. However, few studies have examined how the ideology specifically relates to mothers of young adults with autism. Research is needed to understand the roles that mothers of young adults with autism assume within the context of intensive mothering.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 19 mothers of adult children with autism. Interview data were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.ResultsMothers devoted much time and effort to caring for or otherwise assisting their adult children with autism, assuming the roles of protector, advocate, and case manager. Mothers struggled to live up to the expectations of intensive mothering but, simultaneously, resented the degree to which they had to advocate and manage services for their adult children.ConclusionMothers may feel added pressure to meet the needs of adult children with autism. Many are susceptible to self‐blame and internalizing others' negative judgments of their parenting abilities, but some view themselves as good mothers based on the challenges they have overcome.ImplicationsService providers can adopt a family‐based approach to services for adults with autism and their families. Policymakers could explore opportunities to make the adult service system more attentive to the needs of caregivers.
Honey, let's have a date night! Actor and partner effects in crafting work–life balance
Authors: Dreyer Romana , Busch Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates intra‐ and interindividual effects of couple quality‐time crafting (CQTC) on satisfaction with work–life balance (WLB) and whether CQTC is influenced by a person's state of recovery in the morning.BackgroundCouples who run their own small family business (copreneurs) often have extremely blurred work–life boundaries. Applying conservation of resource theory, we research daily individual efforts to create WLB within couples.MethodThe validity of CQTC was tested cross‐sectionally. Using matched diary data over 5 days from 41 copreneurs, actor–partner interdependence models were used to analyze the effects of state of recovery on CQTC and CQTC on WLB.ResultsBoth men's and women's WLB were shown to benefit from their own CQTC on a general and daily basis. However, on days when men show CQTC, women's WLB is decreased. Only when men feel recovered in the morning do both partners report more CQTC on that day.ConclusionsCQTC could be an important gateway for enhancing WLB. The gender‐specific mixed partner effects may be explained by traditional gender roles.ImplicationsOur findings provide family business counsellors with approaches for enhancing WLB. Couples could improve the organization of their valuable shared time together for the sake of their private relationship as well as their business.
A systematic strategy for investigating the pharmacological effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicinal formula: Guilin Xiguashuang as a case
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Ren Yue , Liu Yanan , Wang Zian , Li Yingying , Li Chun , Chang Hua , Zhang Yanling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditional Chinese medicinal formula (TCMF) has specific advantages in treating diseases. However, the pharmacological effects and mechanism of TCMF composed of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) with unclear active components or targets have not yet been fully elucidated.ObjectivesThis research proposed a strategy for elucidating the pharmacological effects and mechanism to address this issue systematically.MethodsWith Guilin Xiguashuang (GLXGS) taken as a case, this study newly provided the multi‐level assays, which decomposes TCMF into components, TCM, and TCMF levels. The main pharmacological effects were acquired through a comprehensive analysis based on the active components, pharmacological effects of TCM, and clinical efficacy of TCMF, respectively. The core targets and pathways were further identified and verified to elucidate the mechanism.ResultsThe main pharmacological effects of GLXGS were anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, immunoregulatory, and wound healing. Moreover, the mechanism analysis demonstrated that GLXGS was involved in the regulation of NF‐κB and VEGF signaling pathways and core targets, such as IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Finally, unproven immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory mechanism were verified using RAW264.7 and THP‐1 cells. GLXGS was verified to down‐regulate IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and CD86 in lipopolysaccharides‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while enhancing polarization in both RAW264.7 and THP‐1 cells, which were consistent with analysis results.ConclusionThe present research provides a systematic strategy for the pharmacological effect prediction and mechanism analysis of TCMF, which is of great significance for studying complex TCMF.
Rural recovery or rural spatial justice? Responding to multiple crises for the British countryside
Authors: Woods Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis commentary proposes the adoption of a spatial justice approach to understanding the multiple crises facing rural Britain and developing policy responses. It introduces spatial justice as a concept rooted in urban studies but recently extended by an emerging literature on rural spatial justice, and outlines a multidimensional framework in which spatial justice may be concerned with the actual and perceived distribution of resources and opportunities and the power dynamics behind these patterns, with the right of individuals to access, live in and shape spaces, or with normative models for a fair future. The remainder of the paper explores the potential for applying this framework to challenges for the British countryside, briefly considering three resulting statements: first, that there are internal disparities and injustices in the geographical impact of contemporary challenges within rural Britain that are obscured by political and media discourses of a ‘rural crisis’; second, that the capacity of rural communities to respond to challenges is uneven and has been eroded by recent socioeconomic pressures and policy decisions; and third, that we need an open discussion about what spatial justice looks like for the countryside of the future.
Electrolysed oxidising water as a multi‐purpose biocide in dental healthcare—A scoping review
Authors: Krishnan Chitra S. , Tompkins Geoffrey R. , Lyons Karl M. , Cannon Richard D. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this scoping review was to map evidence of electrolysed oxidising water (EOW) as a biocide for dental applications of relevance to older people and identify research gaps.BackgroundEOW is an emerging, “green,” and cost‐effective biocide. There are no reviews on the landscape of EOW research as either an antiseptic or disinfectant in dental healthcare or its suitability for the oral healthcare of older people.Materials and MethodsThe review follows the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. Database searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus and Science Direct) were undertaken using MESH terms and Boolean operators with no date restrictions, to identify full‐text, original reports published in English‐language peer‐reviewed journals.ResultsThe search yielded 114 papers that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Dental applications of EOW include its use as an endodontic irrigant (39%); mouth rinse/surgical irrigant (21%); disinfectant for dental unit water lines (19%) and dental biomaterials (17%); and for antimicrobial efficacy, effects on oral tissues and on dental material properties. Most studies (83%) evaluated a single EOW formulation (acidic, moderately acidic or neutral) that was either generated at ‘point‐of‐use’ (POU; 72%), bottled (‘ready‐to‐use’, RTU; 24%) or from unspecified (3%) sources. Six reports evaluated storage‐related parameters and 25 evaluated clinical applications; 89 were in vitro studies and one investigated the cost‐effectiveness of POU EOW.ConclusionsNeutral‐pH, EOW is effective as an antimicrobial agent without deleterious effects on oral tissues. However, research on the impact of storage conditions, anti‐Candida biofilm efficacy and mechanism of action against yeasts, long‐term effects on denture materials and cost‐effectiveness is required to establish the suitability of EOW as a multipurpose biocide for dental healthcare, including infection‐control requirements relating to older people.