bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms through bullying victimization among African American adolescents in Chicago: A developmental trauma approach
Authors: Lawrence Timothy I. , Hong Jun S. , Sopchak Kelly S. , Voisin Dexter R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe developmental trauma theory suggests that traumatic events impede the ability of individuals to form interpersonal relationships, impair cognition, affect, and increase the vulnerability of adolescents to develop psychopathology. However, few studies have examined the applicability of this theory among African American adolescents who were exposed to community violence and adverse outcomes, including bullying victimization and somatic symptoms.AimsTherefore, the purpose of the present study is to first test the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms. Then, we explored whether bullying victimization mediated the relationship between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms while controlling for gender differences and substance use (n = 622).ResultsResults suggest that exposure to community violence is positively associated with somatic symptoms. Moreover, the association between exposure to community violence and somatic symptoms was mediated by bullying victimization.Discussion and ConclusionThese results were consistent with the developmental trauma theory, such that trauma could increase the vulnerability for future victimization, thus, leading to somatic symptoms. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
LIN28 expression and function in medulloblastoma
Authors: Maklad Ahmed , Sedeeq Mohammed , Wilson Richard , Heath John A. , Gueven Nuri , Azimi Iman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment modalities are not completely effective and can lead to severe neurological and cognitive adverse effects. In addition to urgently needing better treatment approaches, new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are required to improve the therapy outcomes of MB patients. The RNA‐binding proteins, LIN28A and LIN28B, are known to regulate invasive phenotypes in many different cancer types. However, the expression and function of these proteins in MB had not been studied to date. This study identified the expression of LIN28A and LIN28B in MB patient samples and cell lines and assessed the effect of LIN28 inhibition on MB cell growth, metabolism and stemness. LIN28B expression was significantly upregulated in MB tissues compared to normal brain tissues. This upregulation, which was not observed in other brain tumors, was specific for the aggressive MB subgroups and correlated with patient survival and metastasis rates. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of LIN28 activity concentration‐dependently reduced LIN28B expression, as well as the growth of D283 MB cells. While LIN28 inhibition did not affect the levels of intracellular ATP, it reduced the expression of the stemness marker CD133 in D283 cells and the sphere formation of CHLA‐01R cells. LIN28B, which is highly expressed in the human cerebellum during the first few months after birth, subsequently decreased with age. The results of this study highlight the potential of LIN28B as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for MB and open the possibility to utilize LIN28 as a pharmacological target to suppress MB cell growth and stemness.
Social, emotional and behavioural difficulties associated with persistent speech disorder in children: A prospective population study
Authors: Wren Yvonne , Pagnamenta Emma , Orchard Faith , Peters Tim J. , Emond Alan , Northstone Kate , Miller Laura Louise , Roulstone Susan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeSocial, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) in childhood are associated with negative consequences across the life course. Children with developmental language disorder have been identified as being at risk of developing SEBD but it is unclear whether a similar risk exists for children with speech sound disorder, a condition which impacts on children's ability to make themselves understood and has been shown to be associated with poor educational outcomes.MethodsParticipants were children who attended the 8‐year‐old clinic in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 7390). Children with speech sound disorder that had persisted beyond the period of typical speech acquisition (persistent speech disorder [PSD]) at age 8 were identified from recordings and transcriptions of speech samples (N = 263). Parent‐, teacher‐ and child‐reported questionnaires and interviews including the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire and measures for antisocial and risk‐taking behaviour were used to provide outcome scores for SEBD at 10–14 years in a series of regression analyses.ResultsFollowing adjustment for biological sex, socio‐economic status and Intelligence Quotient, children with PSD at age 8 were more likely to show peer problems at age 10–11 years compared with their peers, as reported by teachers and parents. Teachers were more likely to report problems with emotionality. Children with PSD were no more likely to report symptoms of depression than their peers. No associations were observed between PSD, risk of antisocial behaviour, trying alcohol at age 10 or smoking cigarettes at age 14.ConclusionsChildren with PSD may be at risk in terms of their peer relationships. This could impact on their wellbeing and, while not observed at this age, may lead to depressive symptoms in older childhood and adolescence. There is also the potential that these symptoms may impact on educational outcomes.
Clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and biomolecular analysis of hyaluronic acid in early wound healing of human gingival tissues: A randomized, split‐mouth trial
Authors: Pilloni Andrea , Marini Lorenzo , Gagliano Nicoletta , Canciani Elena , Dellavia Claudia , Cornaghi Laura Brigida , Costa Ezio , Rojas Mariana A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) exerts a fundamental role in tissue repair. In vitro and animal studies demonstrated its ability to enhance wound healing. Nevertheless, in vivo human studies evaluating mechanisms involved in oral soft tissue repair are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of HA on early wound healing of human gingival (G) tissues.MethodsIn the present randomized, split‐mouth, double‐blind, clinical trial, G biopsies were obtained in eight patients 24 h post‐surgery after HA application (HA group) and compared with those obtained from the same patients without HA application (no treatment; NT group). Clinical response was evaluated through the Early Wound Healing Score (EHS). Microvascular density (MVD), collagen content and cellular proliferation were evaluated through sirius red and Masson trichrome staining, and Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry, respectively. To assess collagen turnover, MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TGF‐β1 protein levels and LOX, MMP1, TIMP1, TGFB1 gene expression were analyzed by western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTwenty‐four hours after surgery, the EHS was significantly higher in the HA group. MVD, collagen content, and cell proliferation were not affected. LOX mRNA, MMP‐1 protein, and TIMP1 gene expression were significantly upregulated in the HA compared to the NT group.ConclusionsThe additional use of 0.8% HA gel does not modify new blood vessel growth in the early phase of gingival wound healing. Concerning the secondary outcomes, HA seems to enhance extracellular matrix remodeling and collagen maturation, which could drive early wound healing of G tissues to improve clinical parameters.
Influence of soaking and solvent extraction for deodorization of texturized pea protein isolate on the formulation and properties of hybrid meat patties
Authors: Flores Mónica , Hernán Aina , Salvador Ana , Belloch Carmela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDHybrid batters constitute the base for the processing of cooked and dry meat analogues. The use of texturized plant proteins in their formulation is a key strategy to reduce the consumption of animal proteins, although off‐flavors present in these plant proteins often cause sensory rejection. The aim was to study the effect of a deodorization process of pea protein, for their use in hybrid meat batters at different percentages of substitution.RESULTSHybrid patties with higher percentages of pea protein showed higher values of yellowness, pH, and water activity, whereas hardness was reduced. Soaking treatment with ethanol for deodorization of the texturized pea protein increased humidity and pH in all patties but reduced the textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness). The addition of oat flour improved the patty texture at higher percentages of pea protein, but in soaked deodorized patty formulations it affected volatile retention. Volatile compounds related to off‐flavors (aldehydes, alcohols, acid compounds, ketones, and pyrazines) appeared significantly increased as the pea percentage increased, although these were efficiently removed by the soaking deodorizing process applied.CONCLUSIONSoaking of the texturized pea protein with ethanol is an effective strategy to reduce off‐flavors in hybrid meat patties. However, it produces changes in the textural characteristics by the solubilization of the proteins of the texturized pea, reducing the availability to form a network and affecting volatile retention. The formulation of hybrid batter should be controlled in all sensory aspects for the processing of cooked and dry cured meat product analogues. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Hot‐air‐assisted radio frequency blanching of broccoli: heating uniformity, physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, and microstructure
Authors: Qing Shuting , Long Yangyang , Wu Yiwen , Shu Shumin , Zhang Fei , Zhang Yan , Yue Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDVegetables are often blanched before drying. The hot‐water blanching (HWB) of broccoli reduces quality and is environmentally harmful. In this work, hot‐air‐assisted radio frequency heating blanching (HA‐RFB) of broccoli was developed for use before further drying processes. Blanching sufficiency, heating uniformity, and heating rate during HA‐RFB were investigated to improve the product's physicochemical properties and texture. Suitable heating conditions were achieved when HA‐RFB was applied with hot air at 70 °C, with an electrode gap of 10.7 cm, using a cylindrical container for the broccoli.RESULTSUnder these conditions, the relative peroxidase activity in broccoli decreased to 3.26% within 117 s, with 13.45% of weight loss. In comparison with HWB broccoli, the products blanched by HA‐RFB preserved their texture, bioactive compounds, and microstructure better. The ascorbic acid, sulforaphane, and total glucosinolate content in HA‐RFB products were 251.1%, 131.9% and 36.7% higher than those in HWB broccoli, and HA‐RFB treatment led to a greater weight loss (13.45 ± 0.50%) than HWB (8.70 ± 1.70%), which is very helpful for the subsequent drying process.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that HA‐RFB could be a promising substitute for HWB to blanch broccoli and other flower vegetables, especially as a pretreatment in the drying process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The comprehensive impact of pityriasis rubra pilaris on physical symptoms, mental health, and activities of daily living: A mixed methods study
Authors: Velasco Rose C. , Cutler Brett , McCue William , Greiling Teri M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare and often severe inflammatory skin disorder with major detriment to patients' quality of life. While past studies have described in detail the morphologic and histopathologic presentations of PRP, little attention has been given to the patient experience.ObjectivesTo identify the physical, mental, and daily living impacts of patients living with PRPMethodsFour focus groups involving 47 participants with PRP from six countries were conducted in English. Sessions were recorded and codified by themes, which were used to compose a 23‐question follow‐up survey.ResultsCommon physical symptoms that impacted a majority of PRP patients included severe pruritus, pain (generalised in involved skin, localised to palmoplantar fissures, and arthralgias), poor sleep, fatigue, anhidrosis, body temperature dysregulation, joint pain, buildup of material in the ears, and rhinorrhea. Participants felt that PRP was associated with a strong negative mental impact that caused depression, anxiety, embarrassment, loneliness, loss of self‐esteem, and memory loss or brain fog. 38% endorsed passive suicidal ideation and 4% active suicidal ideation. Common daily activity impacts included loss of fine motor ability and difficulty walking from palmoplantar keratoderma, difficulty wearing normal clothing, difficulty working, and difficulty leaving the home. Participants reported a mean of six applications of topical creams or ointments daily.ConclusionsThis study illustrates the debilitating daily life impacts of PRP in a variety of domains. In addition to care by a dermatologist, patients should be evaluated for the need for referral to ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and podiatry. Patients with PRP felt strongly that the mental health impact of PRP was not given enough attention by providers. Given the high rate of depression, anxiety, and passive and active suicidal ideation, providers should evaluate patients' mental health and offer a referral to psychiatry and other mental health providers.
Glycyrrhizic acid protects against temporal lobe epilepsy in young rats by regulating neuronal ferroptosis through the miR‐194‐5p/PTGS2 axis
Authors: Yi Ting‐Ting , Zhang Li‐Mei , Huang Xiang‐Nan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) leads to extensive degradation of the quality of life of patients. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on status epilepticus. Herein, the current study set out to explore the functional mechanism of GA in TLE young rats. Firstly, TLE young rat models were established using the lithium chloride and pilocarpine regimen and then subjected to treatment with different doses of GA, miR‐194‐5p‐antagomir, or/and sh‐prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) to observe changes in iron content, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, and GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) and PTGS2 protein levels in the hippocampus. Neuronal injury and apoptosis were assessed through HE, Nissl, and TUNEL staining. Additionally, the expression patterns of miR‐194‐5p were detected. The binding site of miR‐194‐5p and PTGS2 was verified with a dual‐luciferase assay. Briefly, different doses of GA (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) reduced the epileptic score, frequency, and duration in TLE young rats, along with reductions in iron content, lipid peroxidation, neuronal injury, and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Silencing of miR‐194‐5p partly annulled the action of GA on inhibiting ferroptosis and attenuating neuronal injury in TLE young rats. Additionally, PTGS2 was validated as a target of miR‐194‐5p. GA inhibited ferroptosis and ameliorated neuronal injury in TLE young rats via the miR‐194‐5p/PTGS2 axis. Overall, our findings indicated that GA exerts protective effects on TLE young rats against neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through the miR‐194‐5p/PTGS2 axis.
The fractional porous medium equation on manifolds with conical singularities II
Authors: Roidos Nikolaos , Shao Yuanzhen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis is the second of a series of two papers that studies the fractional porous medium equation, with and , posed on a Riemannian manifold with isolated conical singularities. The first aim of the article is to derive some useful properties for the Mellin–Sobolev spaces including the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem and Sobolev–Poincaré, Nash and Super Poincaré type inequalities. The second part of the article is devoted to the study the Markovian extensions of the conical Laplacian operator and its fractional powers. Then based on the obtained results, we establish existence and uniqueness of a global strong solution for initial data and all . We further investigate a number of properties of the solutions, including comparison principle, contraction and conservation of mass. Our approach is quite general and thus is applicable to a variety of similar problems on manifolds with more general singularities.
On the trace embedding and its applications to evolution equations
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Lindemulder Nick , Veraar Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we consider traces at initial times for functions with mixed time‐space smoothness. Such results are often needed in the theory of evolution equations. Our result extends and unifies many previous results. Our main improvement is that we can allow general interpolation couples. The abstract results are applied to regularity problems for fractional evolution equations and stochastic evolution equations, where uniform trace estimates on the half‐line are shown.
Biological mass spectrometry enables spatiotemporal ‘omics: From tissues to cells to organelles
Authors: Pade Leena R. , Stepler Kaitlyn E. , Portero Erika P. , DeLaney Kellen , Nemes Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiological processes unfold across broad spatial and temporal dimensions, and measurement of the underlying molecular world is essential to their understanding. Interdisciplinary efforts advanced mass spectrometry (MS) into a tour de force for assessing virtually all levels of the molecular architecture, some in exquisite detection sensitivity and scalability in space‐time. In this review, we offer vignettes of milestones in technology innovations that ushered sample collection and processing, chemical separation, ionization, and 'omics analyses to progressively finer resolutions in the realms of tissue biopsies and limited cell populations, single cells, and subcellular organelles. Also highlighted are methodologies that empowered the acquisition and analysis of multidimensional MS data sets to reveal proteomes, peptidomes, and metabolomes in ever‐deepening coverage in these limited and dynamic specimens. In pursuit of richer knowledge of biological processes, we discuss efforts pioneering the integration of orthogonal approaches from molecular and functional studies, both within and beyond MS. With established and emerging community‐wide efforts ensuring scientific rigor and reproducibility, spatiotemporal MS emerged as an exciting and powerful resource to study biological systems in space‐time.
Detector shifting and deep learning based ring artifact correction method for low‐dose CT
Authors: Liu Yuedong , Wei Cunfeng , Xu Qiong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn x‐ray computed tomography (CT), the gain inconsistency of detector units leads to ring artifacts in the reconstructed images, seriously destroys the image structure, and is not conducive to image recognition. In addition, to reduce radiation dose and scanning time, especially photon counting CT, low‐dose CT is required, so it is important to reduce the noise and suppress ring artifacts in low‐dose CT images simultaneously.PurposeDeep learning is an effective method to suppress ring artifacts, but there are still residual artifacts in corrected images. And the feature recognition ability of the network for ring artifacts decreases due to the effect of noise in the low‐dose CT images. In this paper, a method is proposed to achieve noise reduction and ring artifact removal simultaneously.MethodsTo solve these problems, we propose a ring artifact correction method for low‐dose CT based on detector shifting and deep learning in this paper. Firstly, at the CT scanning stage, the detector horizontally shifts randomly at each projection to alleviate the ring artifacts as front processing. Thus, the ring artifacts are transformed into dispersed noise in front processed images. Secondly, deep learning is used for dispersed noise and statistical noise reduction.ResultsBoth simulation and real data experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed method. Compared to other methods, the results show that the proposed method in this paper has better effect on removing ring artifacts in the low‐dose CT images. Specifically, the RMSEs and SSIMs of the two sets of simulated and experiment data are better compared to the raw images significantly.ConclusionsThe method proposed in this paper combines detector shifting and deep learning to remove ring artifacts and statistical noise simultaneously. The results show that the proposed method is able to get better performance.
A numerical model for hydrothermal transport in unsaturated freezing soils considering thermodynamics equilibrium
Authors: Fu Hao , Song Erxiang , Tong Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe analysis of frost heave in unsaturated subgrade soils should consider the coupled movement of liquid water, vapor, and heat, accompanied by phase transition of water, vapor, and ice. In this paper, the equilibrium relationship of the three phases of water in soils was comprehensively considered, and the water head and vapor density were determined under frozen and unfrozen conditions from the perspective of thermodynamics. Based on that, the governing equations of mass and energy conservation were then derived and a new transient finite element model was developed, considering the behavior of the phase change and coupled hydrothermal transport under frozen as well as unfrozen conditions. Since the discontinuities between the frozen and the unfrozen zones may bring difficulties to the numerical solution, two kinds of smoothing techniques were proposed to solve the discontinuities at the phase transition interface, which guaranteed robust convergence and enhanced computational efficiency. The model proposed was verified by comparing with some available test results and applied to analyze the frost heave process of unsaturated subgrade under impermeable road pavements, demonstrating the model's accuracy and applicative prospect. It is revealed that the movement of liquid water and vapor in the frozen zones may still exist, and its mechanism and performance are different from that in unfrozen zones. The significance of vapor migration on the subgrade frost heave is also emphasized.
Fiscal decentralization, intergovernmental mobility, and the innovativeness of local governments' policy response in COVID‐19: Evidence from China
Authors: Huang Biao , Wu Jiebing , Ye Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolicy innovation is an essential approach for local governments to deal with external challenges, which is also the case in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article discusses the effects of fiscal decentralization and leaders' intergovernmental mobility on the innovativeness of local governments in pandemic response. By investigating the economic relief policy of local governments in China, we find that both fiscal decentralization and local leaders' intergovernmental mobility in their previous careers facilitate the innovativeness of local governments' economic relief policy for pandemic recovery, and the business experience of local leaders enhances the positive influence of fiscal decentralization on the innovativeness of local policy. The results indicate that fiscal decentralization and the intergovernmental connection based on leaders' political mobility are likely to be two predominant factors for local governments to enable horizontal mutual learning and central‐local policy coordination, and as a result foster policy innovativeness in response to the pandemic.