bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative biological effectiveness for epithermal neutron beam contaminated with fast neutrons in the linear accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system coupled to a solid-state lithium target
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Imamichi Shoji , Shimada Kenzi , Takemori Mihiro , Kanai Yui , Iijima Kotaro , Chiba Takahito , Nakayama Hiroki , Nakaichi Tetsu , Mikasa Shohei , Urago Yuka , Kashihara Tairo , Takahashi Kana , Nishio Teiji , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Itami Jun , Ishiai Masamichi , Suzuki Minoru , Igaki Hiroshi , Masutani Mitsuko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for epithermal neutron beam contaminated with fast neutrons in the accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) system coupled to a solid-state lithium target. The experiments were performed in National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH), Tokyo, Japan. Neutron irradiation with the system provided by Cancer Intelligence Care Systems (CICS), Inc. was performed. X-ray irradiation, which was assigned as the reference group, was also performed using a medical linear accelerator (LINAC) equipped in NCCH. The four cell lines (SAS, SCCVII, U87-MG and NB1RGB) were utilized to quantify RBE value for the neutron beam. Before both of those irradiations, all cells were collected and dispensed into vials. The doses of 10% cell surviving fraction (SF) (D10) were calculated by LQ model fitting. All cell experiments were conducted in triplicate at least. Because the system provides not only neutrons, but gamma-rays, the contribution from the gamma-rays to the survival fraction were subtracted in this study. D10 value of SAS, SCCVII, U87-MG and NB1RGB for the neutron beam was 4.26, 4.08, 5.81 and 2.72 Gy, respectively, while that acquired by the X-ray irradiation was 6.34, 7.21, 7.12 and 5.49 Gy, respectively. Comparison of both of the D10 values, RBE value of SAS, SCCVII, U87-MG and NB1RGB for the neutron beam was calculated as 1.7, 2.2, 1.3 and 2.5, respectively, and the average RBE value was 1.9. This study investigated RBE of the epithermal neutron beam contaminated with fast neutrons in the accelerator-based BNCT system coupled to a solid-state lithium target.
Confounding factors and biases involved in regional differences in the detection rate of thyroid cancer in the second-round Thyroid Ultrasound Examination: the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Shimura Hiroki , Yokoya Susumu , Suzuki Satoru , Iwadate Manabu , Suzuki Satoshi , Matsuzuka Takashi , Suzuki Shinichi , Hayashi Fumikazu , Nagao Masanori , Ohira Tetsuya , Yasumura Seiji , Ohto Hitoshi , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In response to concerns about health due to radiation exposure, the Fukushima Prefecture launched the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program for residents aged 0–18 years at the time of the earthquake. Herein, we considered the confounding factors involved in the regional differences in the development of thyroid cancer. In this study, the 242 065 individuals who participated in both first- and second-round surveys were classified into four groups by address according to their air radiation dose. The number of participants diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy by cytological examination were 17, 38, 10 and 4 with detection rates of 53.8, 27.8, 21.7 and 14.5 per 100 000 participants in Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Sex (P = 0.0400), age at the time of the primary examination (P &lt; 0.0001) and interval between the first- and second-round surveys (P &lt; 0.0001) were significantly different among the four regions, and these were suspected to be confounding factors affecting regional differences in malignant nodule detection rates. In addition, significant regional differences were observed in the participation rate in the confirmatory examination (P = 0.0037) and the fine needle aspiration cytology implementation rate (P = 0.0037), which could be potential biases. No significant regional differences in the detection of malignant nodules were found in the multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the survey interval alone or for sex, age and survey interval. The confounding factors and biases identified in this study that may have important impacts on thyroid cancer detection rate should be fully considered in future studies.
Quasi-Newton updating for large-scale distributed learning
Authors: Wu Shuyuan , Huang Danyang , Wang Hansheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Distributed computing is critically important for modern statistical analysis. Herein, we develop a distributed quasi-Newton (DQN) framework with excellent statistical, computation, and communication efficiency. In the DQN method, no Hessian matrix inversion or communication is needed. This considerably reduces the computation and communication complexity of the proposed method. Notably, related existing methods only analyse numerical convergence and require a diverging number of iterations to converge. However, we investigate the statistical properties of the DQN method and theoretically demonstrate that the resulting estimator is statistically efficient over a small number of iterations under mild conditions. Extensive numerical analyses demonstrate the finite sample performance.
Hasbara Revisited: Israel, the New Left, and Diaspora Jewry, 1967–1973
Authors: Elmaliach Tal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the years between 1967 and 1973, the younger generation of Diaspora Jewry in the West was torn between its sympathy for the State of Israel and its identification with New Left politics and ideology. In response, Israel conducted a wide-ranging campaign of Hasbara—the Hebrew word for explaining the justice of the Israeli and Zionist cause—to this cohort in order to gain its support. Until now, scholarship on Israeli hasbara has not given any attention to how Israel grappled with the New Left in general and with its Jewish supporters in particular; similarly, studies of the encounter between Jews and the New Left lack any discussion of the role played by Israeli hasbara. This article connects the two, revealing the unknown history of the relationship between Israel, Diaspora Jewry, and the New Left. But it is of more than mere historical interest, as in the last decade Israel has been deeply concerned about leftists and liberals in the West (who today largely term themselves “progressives”), many of them are young Jews who have allied with pro-Palestinian forces, first and foremost the BDS movement. This article offers a possible model that could be used to mobilize these progressive Jews in support of Israel.
QPOML: a machine learning approach to detect and characterize quasi-periodic oscillations in X-ray binaries
Authors: Kiker Thaddaeus J , Steiner James F , Garraffo Cecilia , Méndez Mariano , Zhang Liang 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAstronomy is presently experiencing profound growth in the deployment of machine learning to explore large data sets. However, transient quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) that appear in power density spectra of many X-ray binary (XRB) system observations are an intriguing phenomena heretofore not explored with machine learning. In light of this, we propose and experiment with novel methodologies for predicting the presence and properties of QPOs to make the first ever detections and characterizations of QPOs with machine learning models. We base our findings on raw energy spectra and processed features derived from energy spectra using an abundance of data from the NICER and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer space telescope archives for two black hole low-mass XRB sources, GRS 1915+105 and MAXI J1535−571. We advance these non-traditional methods as a foundation for using machine learning to discover global inter-object generalizations between – and provide unique insights about – energy and timing phenomena to assist with the ongoing challenge of unambiguously understanding the nature and origin of QPOs. Additionally, we have developed a publicly available python machine learning library, QPOML, to enable further machine learning aided investigations into QPOs.
Ultracool dwarfs observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph – III. Dust grains in young L dwarf atmospheres are heavier
Authors: Suárez Genaro , Metchev Stanimir 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Analysis of all archival 5–14 micron spectra of field ultracool dwarfs from the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope has shown that absorption by silicates in the 8–11 micron region is seen in most L-type (1300 to 2200 K) dwarfs. The absorption is caused by silicate-rich clouds in the atmospheres of L dwarfs and is strongest at L4–L6 spectral types. Herein we compare averages of the mid-infrared silicate absorption signatures of L3–L7 dwarfs that have low (≲104.5 cm s−2) versus high (≳105 cm s−2) surface gravity. We find that the silicate absorption feature is sensitive to surface gravity, with young atmospheres having a broader, redder, and more asymmetric absorption profile. This indicates a difference in grain size and composition between dust condensates in young and old mid-L dwarfs. The mean silicate absorption profile of low-gravity mid-L dwarfs matches expectations for ∼1 micron-sized amorphous iron- and magnesium-bearing pyroxene (MgxFe1 − xSiO3) grains. High-gravity mid-L dwarfs have silicate absorption better represented by smaller (≲0.1 μm) and more volatile amorphous enstatite (MgSiO3) or SiO grains. This is the first direct spectroscopic evidence for gravity-dependent sedimentation of dust condensates in ultracool atmospheres. It confirms theoretical expectations for lower sedimentation efficiencies in low-gravity atmospheres and independently confirms their increased dustiness.
Detection of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation during the reflare of MAXI J1348−630
Authors: Kumar Raj , Bhatt Nilay , Bhattacharyya Subir 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we report the detection of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348−630 in its hard spectral state. MAXI J1348−630 went through a reflare during MJD 58634 to MJD 58674 after a 104 d long outburst which began on MJD 58509. During the reflare, the binary system evolved through a series of hard states of varying luminosity. We detected a high-frequency QPO at 98.3 Hz with a significance of 3.7σ in one of the NICER observations during its evolution. It was argued that the QPO frequency might be related to the Keplerian frequency of the accretion flow at the inner radius around a Kerr black hole.
Spectral type and geometric albedo of (98943) 2001 CC21, the Hayabusa2# mission target
Authors: Geem Jooyeon , Ishiguro Masateru , Granvik Mikael , Naito Hiroyuki , Akitaya Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Hasegawa Sunao , Kuroda Daisuke , Oono Tatsuharu , Bach Yoonsoo P , Jin Sunho , Imazawa Ryo , Kawabata Koji S , Takagi Seiko , Yoshikawa Makoto , Djupvik Anlaug A , Gadeberg Julie Thiim , Pursimo Tapio , Pedros Oliver Durfeldt , Thomsen Jeppe Sinkbaek , Gray Zuri 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We conducted optical polarimetry and near-infrared spectroscopy of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)’s Hayabusa2# mission target, (98943) 2001 CC21, in early 2023. Our new observations indicate that this asteroid has a polarimetric inversion angle of ∼20°, absorption bands around 0.9 and 1.9 μm, and a geometric albedo of 0.23 ± 0.04. All these features are consistent with those of S types but inconsistent with L types. Based on this evidence, we conclude that JAXA’s Hayabusa2# spacecraft will explore an S-type asteroid (more specifically, an L or LL chondrite-like object) with albedo and size (0.44–0.53 km when we assume the absolute magnitude of 18.8) similar to (25143) Itokawa.
The origin of an overpopulation of contact binary plutinos
Authors: Brunini Adrián 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In the trans-Neptunian region, 10–25 per cent of binary objects are contact binaries. However, the amplitude of the light curves of a sample of plutinos indicates that this fraction could reach 50 per cent or even more. This remarkable difference cannot be explained by the single action of the Kozai cycles and tidal friction (KCTF), nor it can be assumed that it is due to a formation mechanism different from the one that gave rise to the binaries of the other hot populations. In this work, we present numerical simulations showing that a superabundance of contact binaries occurs as a natural consequence of the coupling between the dynamical evolution of the mutual orbit of the binaries subject to the action of KCTF and the variation of the heliocentric orbit of the binary centre of mass due to the perturbations of the giant planets. This same mechanism affects the other populations, but to a lesser extent, because the variations of the heliocentric orbits are much smaller for them than for objects that are within the 3:2 mean motion resonance with Neptune. This mechanism also increases the fraction of tight binaries in the plutino population, where it could reach $\sim 30~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$.
High serum IgA levels in patients with IgG4-related disease are associated with mild inflammation, sufficient disease-specific features, and favourable responses to treatments
Authors: Tsuge Shunsuke , Mizushima Ichiro , Horita Makoto , Kawahara Hiroyuki , Sanada Hajime , Yoshida Misaki , Takahashi Yoshinori , Zoshima Takeshi , Nishioka Ryo , Hara Satoshi , Suzuki Yasunori , Ito Kiyoaki , Kawano Mitsuhiro 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Although elevated serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels are thought to exclude a diagnosis of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), IgG4-RD has been definitively diagnosed in some patients despite elevated serum IgA levels. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of elevated IgA levels in patients with IgG4-RD and to compare the clinical features of IgG4-RD patients with and without elevated IgA levels.

Methods
The clinical features of 169 IgG4-RD patients were retrospectively compared among those with and without elevated serum IgA levels.

Results
Of the 169 patients with IgG4-RD, 17 (10.1%) had elevated serum IgA levels. Those with elevated serum IgA levels showed higher serum C-reactive protein levels and lower prevalence of relapse than those without. Other clinical features did not differ significantly, including inclusion scores of the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria. Cox regression analysis showed that elevated serum IgA levels were associated with a lower incidence of relapse. Moreover, patients with elevated serum IgA levels showed prompt improvement in response to glucocorticoids in the IgG4-RD responder index.

Conclusions
Some patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD have high serum IgA levels. These patients may form a subgroup, characterized by good response to glucocorticoids, less frequent relapse, mildly elevated serum C-reactive protein levels, and possible complications of autoimmune diseases.
Triplet bismuthinidenes featuring unprecedented giant and positive zero field splittings
Authors: Wu Mengyuan , Chen Wang , Wang Dongmin , Chen Yizhen , Ye Shengfa , Tan Gengwen 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Isolation of triplet pnictinidenes, which bear two unpaired electrons at the pnictogen centers, has long been a great challenge due to their intrinsic high reactivity. Herein, we report the syntheses and characterizations of two bismuthinidenes MsFluindtBu-Bi (3) and MsFluind*-Bi (4) stabilized by sterically encumbered hydrindacene ligands. They were facilely prepared through reductions of the corresponding dichloride precursors with 2 molar equivalents of potassium graphite. The structural analyses revealed that 3 and 4 contain a one-coordinate bismuth atom supported by a Bi–C single σ bond. As a consequence, the remaining two Bi 6p orbitals are nearly degenerate, and 3 and 4 possess triplet ground states. Experimental characterizations with multinuclear magnetic resonance, magnetometry and near infrared spectroscopy coupled to wavefunction based ab initio calculations concurred to evidence that there exist giant and positive zero field splittings (&gt;4300 cm–1) in their S = 1 ground states. Hence even at room temperature the systems almost exclusively populate the lowest-energy nonmagnetic Ms = 0 level, which renders them seemingly diamagnetic.
How Media Stories in Low- and Middle-Income Countries Discussed the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Modified Risk Tobacco Product Order for IQOS
Authors: Robichaud Meagan O , Puryear Tyler , Cohen Joanna E , Kennedy Ryan David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the marketing of IQOS as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) with reduced exposure information (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes) but prohibited Philip Morris International from making reduced risk claims (reduces risk of disease compared to cigarettes). We aimed to assess how news media in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) discussed this authorization and whether articles discussed IQOS as a reduced exposure versus reduced risk product.

Aims and Methods
News articles published between July 7, 2020 and January 7, 2021 were obtained by searching Tobacco Watcher (www.tobaccowatcher.org), a surveillance platform for tobacco-related news. Articles were eligible if they were published in an LMIC and mentioned the IQOS MRTP order. Non-English language articles were professionally translated. Articles were double coded to identify country of origin, reduced risk and reduced exposure language, discussions of potential impacts of the authorization on regulations in LMICs, and quotes from tobacco industry and public health stakeholders.

Results
We identified 50 eligible articles published in 20 LMICs. Twenty-six (52%) and 40 (80%) included reduced risk and reduced exposure language, respectively. Twenty-two (44%) discussed potential impacts of the MRTP order on regulations in LMICs. Thirty (60%) included quotes from tobacco industry representatives, 6 (12%) included quotes from public health or medical professionals, and 2 (4%) included both.

Conclusions
News articles in LMICs frequently misreported the MRTP order by using reduced risk language. The authorization is potentially being used to shape perspectives on tobacco regulations in LMICs. Tobacco control experts need to more frequently share their perspectives with the news media.

Implications
News articles from LMICs frequently misrepresented the IQOS MRTP order by using reduced risk language (reduces harm compared to cigarettes) rather than only using reduced exposure language (reduces exposure to harmful chemicals compared to cigarettes). Many articles referred to IQOS as a “better alternative” to cigarettes without specifically referencing reduced risk. Few articles included perspectives from public health or medical professionals, while most included tobacco industry quotes, suggesting that tobacco control experts need to more frequently engage with the news media. These findings also highlight how the U.S. FDA’s actions can potentially shape perspectives on tobacco product regulations in LMICs.
Passive Smoking and Oral Health of Infants, Preschoolers, and Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Uthayakumar Thusheka , Bennett Josephine Xanthe , Cartas Hazel Leah , Brunet Mylène , Vo Kim Loan , Kroon Jeroen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Almost half of the world’s children experience passive smoking, which is linked to numerous oral health conditions. The aim is to synthesize data on the impact of passive smoking on oral health of infants, preschoolers, and children.

Aims and Methods
A search was conducted across Medline (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, and Scopus up to February 2023. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results
The initial search produced 1221 records and after removal of duplicates, screening by title and abstract, and full-text assessment, 25 studies were eligible for review and data extraction. The majority of studies (94.4%) found a correlation between passive smoking and increased prevalence of dental caries with three studies suggesting a dose–response relationship. Prenatal passive smoking exposure in 81.8% of studies indicated an increased dental caries experience compared to postnatal exposure. Low parental education, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, oral hygiene, and gender affected the level of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and dental caries risk.

Conclusions
The results of this systematic review strongly suggest a significant association between dental caries in the deciduous dentition and passive smoking. Early intervention and education on the effects of passive smoking on infants and children will allow for the improvement in oral health outcomes and reduction in smoking-associated systemic conditions. The results justify all health professionals paying more attention to passive smoking when conducting pediatric patient histories, contributing to improved diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning with more suitable follow-up schedules.

Implications
The evidence from this review that environmental tobacco smoke and passive smoking is a risk factor for oral health conditions, both prenatally and postnatally during early childhood, justifies all health professionals paying more attention to passive smoking when conducting pediatric patient histories. Early intervention and appropriate parental education regarding the effects of secondhand smoke on infants and children will allow for the minimization of dental caries, improvement in oral health outcomes and overall reduction in smoking-associated systemic conditions for the children exposed.
Lead, trash, DDE, and young age of breeders linked to lower fertility in the first two decades of reintroduction for critically endangered California Condors in California
Authors: Bakker Victoria J , Finkelstein Myra E , Doak Daniel F , Wolstenholme Rachel , Welch Alacia , Burnett Joe , Punzalan Arianna , Brandt Joseph , Kirkland Steve , Seal Faith Nadya E , Lehnert Erin R , Sandhaus Estelle A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the first comprehensive assessment of the reproductive rates of critically endangered California Condors (Gymnogyps californianus) recovering from complete extirpation in the wild, we analyzed 20 years (1999–2018) of data from condor flocks in southern and central California. We found that several anthropogenic threats affected reproductive rates: (1) coastal space use by female condors was associated with lower hatch probability, presumably due to foraging on marine mammals and associated DDE exposure; (2) trash ingestion by chicks decreased fledging probability prior to implementation of trash management in 2007; and (3) all parent deaths during rearing resulted in chick or early fledgling deaths, and most parental deaths were due to lead poisoning. We also detected several effects on reproductive rates from the complex individual-based management of condors, which involves ongoing releases of captive-bred individuals and health interventions including treatment of lead poisoning. Recruitment rates were lower for new release sites, which we attribute to a lack of individual- and flock-level experience. In addition, the number of free-flying days in the wild in the year before first breeding and in the 8 weeks before subsequent breeding was positively associated with female and male recruitment and with female rebreeding probabilities, respectively, indicating that removing individuals from the wild may reduce their breeding success. Finally, probabilities of recruitment, rebreeding, and fledging all increased with age, and given the age distribution skew of the recovering flocks toward younger individuals, overall reproductive success was lower than would be expected at the stable age distribution. Thus, reproductive rates should increase over time as the mean age of California Condors increases if current and emerging threats to reproduction, including the loss of breeders due to lead poisoning, can be addressed.