bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Multiple Rare Earth Magnet Ingestions in Children of Qatar. A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Khan Abdullah , Eldos Yazeed , Alansari Khalid 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Rare earth magnets are powerful magnets that can have several negative effects if ingested. The goal of our study is to describe the result of multiple rare earth magnets ingested by children in Qatar.
Materials and methods: This is observational research. We conducted a retrospective chart review and descriptive analysis of all cases of multiple rare earth magnetic ingestion that werepresented to the Emergency Department of Sidra Medicine between January 2018 and July 2022. We obtained an exemption for this study from our institutional review board (IRB).
Results: In our research, we identified 21 children having multiple rare earth magnetic ingestions. The predominant symptoms were abdominal pain and vomiting which were observed in 57% (n = 12) and 48% (n = 10) of the patients respectively. The most common sign was abdominal tenderness,observed in 14% (n = 3) of the patients. In our sample, 38% (n = 8) of the patients were managed conservatively whereas 62% (n = 13) needed intervention. In our study, 48% (n = 10) of the patients sustained complications. The frequent complications were intestinal perforation appreciated in 24% (n = 5) and intestinal perforation with fistula formation in 19% (n = 4) of the patients. The median age of these patients was two years while the median number of magnets ingested was six. The ingestions were unwitnessed, and the duration of ingestions was unknowninthemajorityofpatientswhoexperiencedcomplications (n = 8/10).
Conclusion: If numerous rare earth magnetis ingested, children are in high danger of harm. It can be difficult to pinpoint the cases in younger children due to poor communication skills, especially if the intake is unreported. Although Qatar has established restrictions banning the import of rare earth magnets, there are reported cases of children with rare earth magnets ingestions.
Engineering Inflammation‐Resistant Cartilage: Bridging Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering
Authors: Bonato Angela , Fisch Philipp , Ponta Simone , Fercher David , Manninen Mikko , Weber Daniel , Eklund Kari K. , Barreto Goncalo , Zenobi‐Wong Marcy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArticular cartilage defects caused by traumatic injury rarely heal spontaneously and predispose into post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. In the current autologous cell‐based treatments the regenerative process is often hampered by the poor regenerative capacity of adult cells and the inflammatory state of the injured joint. The lack of ideal treatment options for cartilage injuries motivated the authors to tissue engineer a cartilage tissue which would be more resistant to inflammation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐Cas9 knockout of TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene in polydactyly chondrocytes provides multivalent protection against the signals that activate the pro‐inflammatory and catabolic NF‐κB pathway. The TAK1‐KO chondrocytes encapsulate into a hyaluronan hydrogel deposit copious cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and facilitate integration onto native cartilage, even under proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, when implanted in vivo, compared to WT fewer pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages invade the cartilage, likely due to the lower levels of cytokines secreted by the TAK1‐KO polydactyly chondrocytes. The engineered cartilage thus represents a new paradigm‐shift for the creation of more potent and functional tissues for use in regenerative medicine.
Laser‐Carbonization – A Powerful Tool for Micro‐Fabrication of Patterned Electronic Carbons
Authors: Devi Mamta , Wang Huize , Moon Sanghwa , Sharma Swati , Strauss Volker 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFabricating electronic devices from natural, renewable resources is a common goal in engineering and materials science. In this regard, carbon is of special significance due to its biocompatibility combined with electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability. In microelectronics, however, carbon's device application is often inhibited by tedious and expensive preparation processes and a lack of control over processing and material parameters. Laser‐assisted carbonization is emerging as a tool for the precise and selective synthesis of functional carbon‐based materials for flexible device applications. In contrast to conventional carbonization via in‐furnace pyrolysis, laser‐carbonization is induced photo‐thermally and occurs on the time‐scale of milliseconds. By careful selection of the precursors and process parameters, the properties of this so‐called laser‐patterned carbon (LP‐C) such as porosity, surface polarity, functional groups, degree of graphitization, charge‐carrier structure, etc. can be tuned. In this critical review, a common perspective is generated on laser‐carbonization in the context of general carbonization strategies, fundamentals of laser‐induced materials processing, and flexible electronic applications, like electrodes for sensors, electrocatalysts, energy storage, or antennas. An attempt is made to have equal emphasis on material processing and application aspects such that this emerging technology can be optimally positioned in the broader context of carbon‐based microfabrication.
Metal‐Halide Perovskite Lasers: Cavity Formation and Emission Characteristics
Authors: Moon Jiyoung , Mehta Yash , Gundogdu Kenan , So Franky , Gu Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHybrid metal‐halide perovskites (MHPs) have shown remarkable optoelectronic properties as well as facile and cost‐effective processability. With the success of MHP solar cells and light‐emitting diodes, MHPs have also exhibited great potential as gain media for on‐chip lasers. However, to date, stable operation of optically pumped MHP lasers and electrically driven MHP lasers—an essential requirement for MHP laser's insertion into chip‐scale photonic integrated circuits—is not yet demonstrated. The main obstacles include the instability of MHPs in the atmosphere, rudimentary MHP laser cavity patterning methods, and insufficient understanding of emission mechanisms in MHP materials and cavities. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of different strategies to improve the intrinsic properties of MHPs in the atmosphere and to establish an optimal MHP cavity patterning method. In addition, this review discusses different emission mechanisms in MHP materials and cavities and how to distinguish them.
An n‐Type All‐Fused‐Ring Molecule with Photoresponse to 1000 nm for Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Zhang Yingze , Yu Yingjian , Liu Xinyu , Miao Junhui , Han Yanchun , Liu Jun , Wang Lixiang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMost of all‐fused‐ring π‐conjugated molecules have wide or medium bandgap and show photo response in the visible range. In this work, an all‐fused‐ring n‐type molecule, which exhibits an ultrasmall optical bandgap of 1.22 eV and strong near‐infrared (NIR) absorption with an onset absorption wavelength of 1013 nm is reported. The molecule consists of 14 aromatic rings and has electron donor–acceptor characteristics. It exhibits excellent n‐type properties with low‐lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels of −5.48 eV/−3.95 eV and high electron mobility of 7.0 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Most importantly, its thin film exhibits a low trap density of 5.55 × 1016 cm−3 because of the fixed molecular conformation and consequently low conformation disorder. As a result, organic photodetector (OPD) based on the compound exhibits a remarkably low dark current density (Jd) of 2.01 × 10−10 A cm−2 at 0 V. The device shows a shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) of exceeding 1013 Jones at 400–1000 nm wavelength region with a peak specific detectivity of 4.65 × 1013 Jones at 880 nm. This performance is among the best reported for self‐powered NIR OPDs.
Controlled Isotropic Canalization of Microsized Silicon Enabling Stable High‐Rate and High‐Loading Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Denghui , Ma Yingjie , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Siyuan , Wang Bin , Zhi Linjie , Li Xianglong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSilicon is attractive for lithium‐ion batteries and beyond but suffers large volume change upon cycling. Hierarchical tactics show promise yet lack control over the unit construction and arrangement, limiting stability improvement at the practical level. Here, a protocol is developed as controlled isotropic canalization of microsized silicon. Distinct from the existing strategies, it involves isotropic canalization by honeycomb‐like radial arrangement of silicon nanosheets, and canal consolidation by controlled dual bonding of silicon with carbon. The proof‐of‐concept nitrogen‐doped carbon dual‐bonded silicon honeycomb‐like microparticles, specifically with a medium density of CNSi and COSi bonds, exhibit stable cycling impressively at high rates and industrial‐scale loadings. Two key issues involve isotropic canalization facilitating ion transport in all directions of individual granules and controlled consolidation conferring selective ion permeation and securing charge transport. The study highlights the configurational isotropy and interfacial bonding density, and provides insight into rational design and manufacture of silicon and others with industry‐viable features.
The role of digital technologies in supporting the implementation of circular economy practices by industrial small and medium enterprises
Authors: Neri Alessandra , Negri Marta , Cagno Enrico , Franzò Simone , Kumar Vikas , Lampertico Tommaso , Bassani Carlo Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe adoption of Industry 4.0's digital technologies can enable the implementation of circular economy practices. Nonetheless, current indications for industrial practitioners on how to exploit the broad set of technologies for circular transition appear unclear. This issue is even more challenging for small and medium enterprises, which are typically endowed with more limited resources than larger firms and are characterised by both a digital and circular divide. This present study contributes to the academic debate by offering an exploratory empirical analysis—based on semi‐structured interviews—that involved 10 Italian industrial small and medium enterprises to deepen the knowledge of the supporting role played by digital technologies in implementing circular economy practices by small and medium enterprises, also considering the potential synergies among such technologies. Results are of interest also to industrial decision‐makers, allowing them to exploit their firms' resources towards the adoption of those digital technologies that could be more effective to foster the circular transition.
Transcatheter closure of large postinfarct ventricular septal defect: Initial results of prototype Occlutech® device including the first‐in‐human
Authors: Lee Kuo Ting , Taliotis Demetris , Hamilton Mark , Manghat Nathan , Bedair Radwa , Turner Mark 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostinfarct ventricular septal rupture is a serious complication in delayed or failed reperfusion with a grim prognosis. The optimal timing and treatment option remain debatable in the absence of randomized controlled trials. Percutaneous device closure is a well‐reported and less invasive treatment option but recent imaging studies indicate that majority of defects are too large to be adequately covered by the currently Conformite Europeenne and Food and Drug Administration approved occluder devices.MethodsSix patients presented with large and complex postinfarct ventricular septal ruptures, considered unsuitable for the Amplatzer post‐infarct ventricular septal defect Occluder, so were treated using the prototype Occlutech® 36 mm PI‐VSD occluder, including the first‐in‐human use.ResultsThe prototype device was successfully deployed in all patients with satisfactory immediate results and shunt reduction. Three patients (50%) in cardiogenic shock did not survive beyond discharge, of which two were complicated by device dislodgement or embolization.ConclusionsPercutaneous closure of large postinfarct ventricular septal ruptures is possible using newer device with a wider coverage. Further device refinement is necessary to improve treatment outcomes.
Changes within Liver Accounts for Fatty Acids Decrease in the Blood of Rats with Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Yu Li‐Jun , Ji Cong‐Lan , Wang Yan , Feng Dan‐Dan , Gu Shao‐Fei , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Zuo Jian , Han Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study characterizes rheumatoid arthritis‐related free fatty acids (FFAs) changes using adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) model. Blood FFAs of healthy and AIA rats are periodically determined. During acute inflammation, FFAs levels are analyzed under both fasting and non‐fasting conditions. Oral intake capacities are compared by everted intestinal sac experiment. Tissue distribution of FFAs in the rats fed with/without linolenic acid is also investigated. AIA decreases FFAs in rats. Saturated FFAs are gradually recovered, but unsaturated FFAs are further reduced till the secondary inflammation. FFAs level gap remains unchanged regardless of feeding/fasting, and intestinal intake capacities of the rats are similar. FFAs levels in liver fluctuate in accordance with blood levels. Increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT‐1) reveals the accelerated FFAs utilization in AIA rats, resulting in the accumulation of acetoacetic acid and 2‐hydroxybutyrate. Hepatocytes incubated with AIA serum take in more FFAs than normal controls when supply is sufficient. To the opposite, intracellular FFAs are reduced after AIA serum stimulus without additional supply. Besides, AIA serum‐challenged cells produce more CPT‐1. Hence, the reduced circulating FFAs in AIA rats should be attributed to the accelerated utilization in liver.Practical Applications: This study provides additional possible therapeutic approaches for the treatment of RA by focusing on the changes of blood FFAs. Obtained clues demonstrate that liver will be a key in the elucidation of RA‐related lipid paradox, and diet supplement of the unsaturated FFAs will be beneficial in treating RA.
Instability prediction model of remaining coal pillars under remining disturbance
Authors: Tian Ye , Gong Peilin , Zhao Tong , Yi Kang , Wen Guang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo address the instability timing problem of residual coal pillars under mining disturbance, their stress migration law and instability mechanism were studied via numerical simulation, physical simulation, and engineering tests considering residual coal remining in the 3101 working face of the Shenghua Coal Industry. The results show that as the mining progresses, the stress concentrates on both sides of the remaining coal pillar and empty roadway. When the first coal pillar in front of the working face loses its bearing capacity, the stress is transmitted forward, resulting in the advanced collapse of the empty roadway roof and an excessive load on the second coal pillar in front of the working face. Additionally, the critical value prediction model of the coal pillar stability safety factor was constructed. If is less than the critical value during the repeated mining period, the remaining coal pillar must be reinforced. A hollow grouting crossed anchor is selected for coal pillar reinforcement; thus, realizing the safe mining of the remaining coal pillars. Our research results provide theoretical support for the safe secondary mining of coal in China and similar coal mines worldwide.
Decarbonization potential of future sustainable propulsion—A review of road transportation
Authors: Yu Xiao , LeBlanc Simon , Sandhu Navjot , Wang Linyan , Wang Meiping , Zheng Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern automotive propulsion technologies must achieve the highest CO2 reduction potential quickly to abide by the requirements of the Paris Climate Agreement. A collective utilization of renewable fuels, e‐fuels, hydrogen, and electrical energy will be able to meet different mobility and transport requirements in an optimal and CO2‐neutral approach. The well‐to‐wheel greenhouse gas emissions of a propulsion system are determined by two factors, that is, the energy efficiency of the system and the carbon intensity of the energy source. Regardless of the CO2 emission generated during the battery manufacturing and recycling process, the carbon intensity of the battery electric vehicles during operation is mainly decided by the carbon intensity of the electricity being consumed. The relatively low fleet ratios of battery electric and hydrogen‐powered vehicles and the massive remaining useful life of current internal combustion engine vehicle stock limit their impact on decarbonization in the near term. The expansion of charging infrastructure requires significant acceleration for the success of large‐scale and rapid electric vehicle adoption. For internal combustion engines, the focus is to further improve energy efficiency and the adoption of low‐to‐zero carbon renewable fuels. Hybrid and plug‐in hybrid vehicles are demonstrating the advantages of combining state‐of‐the‐art technologies to reduce both energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this review, the present status of propulsion systems is reviewed in detail, considering both the market penetration and well‐to‐wheel carbon emissions. The decarbonization potentials of various propulsion systems are then discussed.
Catalytic effects of molybdate and chromate–molybdate films deposited on platinum for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Diaz‐Morales Oscar , Lindberg Aleksandra , Smulders Vera , Anil Athira , Simic Nina , Wildlock Mats , Alvarez Germán Salazar , Mul Guido , Mei Bastian , Cornell Ann 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSodium chlorate (NaClO3) is extensively used in the paper industry, but its production uses strictly regulated highly toxic Na2Cr2O7 to reach high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) Faradaic efficiencies. It is therefore important to find alternatives either to replace Na2Cr2O7 or reduce its concentration.RESULTSThe Na2Cr2O7 concentration can be significantly reduced by using Na2MoO4 as an electrolyte co‐additive. Na2MoO4 in the millimolar range shifts the platinum cathode potential to less negative values due to an activating effect of cathodically deposited Mo species. It also acts as a stabilizer of the electrodeposited chromium hydroxide but has a minor effect on the HER Faradaic efficiency. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show cathodic deposition of molybdenum of different oxidation states, depending on deposition conditions. Once Na2Cr2O7 was present, molybdenum was not detected by XPS, as it is likely that only trace levels were deposited. Using electrochemical measurements and mass spectrometry we quantitatively monitored H2 and O2 production rates. The results indicate that 3 μmol L−1 Na2Cr2O7 (contrary to current industrial 10–30 mmol L−1) is sufficient to enhance the HER Faradaic efficiency on platinum by 15%, and by co‐adding 10 mmol L−1 Na2MoO4 the cathode is activated while avoiding detrimental O2 generation from chemical and electrochemical reactions. Higher concentrations of Na2MoO4 led to increased oxygen production.CONCLUSIONCareful tuning of the molybdate concentration can enhance performance of the chlorate process using chromate in the micromolar range. These insights could be also exploited in the efficient hydrogen generation by photocatalytic water splitting and in the remediation of industrial wastewater. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Agitation does not induce fibrillation in reduced hen egg‐white lysozyme at physiological temperature and pH
Authors: Malik Ajamaluddin , Khan Javed Masood , Alhomida Abdullah S. , Ola Mohammad Shamsul , Alokail Majed S. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Alenad Amal M. , Altwaijry Nojood , Alafaleq Nouf Omar , Odeibat Hamza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeveral proteins and peptides tend to form an amyloid fibril, causing a range of unrelated diseases, from neurodegenerative to certain types of cancer. In the native state, these proteins are folded and soluble. However, these proteins acquired β‐sheet amyloid fibril due to unfolding and aggregation. The conversion mechanism from well‐folded soluble into amorphous or amyloid fibril is not well understood yet. Here, we induced unfolding and aggregation of hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL) by reducing agent dithiothreitol and applied mechanical sheering force by constant shaking (1000 rpm) on the thermostat for 7 days. Our turbidity results showed that reduced HEWL rapidly formed aggregates, and a plateau was attained in nearly 5 h of incubation in both shaking and non‐shaking conditions. The turbidity was lower in the shaking condition than in the non‐shaking condition. The thioflavin T binding and transmission electron micrographs showed that reduced HEWL formed amorphous aggregates in both conditions. Far‐UV circular dichroism results showed that reduced HEWL lost nearly all alpha‐helical structure, and β‐sheet secondary structure was not formed in both conditions. All the spectroscopic and microscopic results showed that reduced HEWL formed amorphous aggregates under both conditions.
Comprehensive characterization of amino acids and water‐soluble vitamins in a pentylenetetrazole‐induced seizures rat model
Authors: Jiang Xiaomei , Wang Yan , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2023

Epilepsy is a complex neurological disease characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures that affect around 1% of the global population. Despite the significant progress in the mechanisms of epileptogenesis, there is still about 60% of cases in which the cause is unknown. Thus, revealing the molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis will greatly improve the development of epilepsy treatment. Since the comprehensive characterization of amino acids and water‐soluble vitamins is important in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy or seizures, we developed two liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry methods to quantify 17 water‐soluble vitamins and 46 amino acids and applied them to our pentylenetetrazole‐induced kindling rat model. All water‐soluble vitamins were detected with a linearity of r > 0.992 and limits of quantitation between 0.1 and 5 ng/ml except for nicotinic acid. For amino acids, the linearities obtained were good with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99, and matrix effects were between 85.3% and 110%. To handle the multidimensional data more effectively, multivariate statistical analysis approaches used in non‐targeted metabolomics were creatively exploited in the visualization, interpretation, and exploration of the results.