bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Assurance Test System for Assembly of STS Modules for the BM@N Experiment
Authors: Sheremetev A. , Kolozhvari A. , Dementev D. , Shitenkov M. , Murin Yu. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Silicon Tracking System (STS) of the BM@N experiment will be based on modules with Double-Sided microstrip Silicon Detectors (DSSD) which have been initially developed for the CBM experiment at FAIR. Each module consists of a DSSD, two front-end boards with 8 ASICs each, and a set of low-mass aluminum microcables. During the module assembly the microcables are tab-bonded to the sensor and readout ASICs. The module has 1024 channels on each side of the sensor. For the quality assurance of the ultrasonic bonding process a dedicated procedure based on the noise per channel measurements with a Pogo Pin test device was developed.
Systematic review of the relationship between burn-out and spiritual health in doctors
Authors: Whitehead Ishbel Orla , Moffatt Suzanne , Warwick Stephanie , Spiers Gemma F , Kunonga Tafadzwa Patience , Tang Eugene , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between burn-out and spiritual health among medical doctors.DesignSystematic literature review and narrative synthesis of cross-sectional studies.SettingAny setting, worldwide.Data sourcesFive databases were searched from inception to March 2022, including Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaAny study design that involved medical doctors (and other healthcare staff if assessed alongside medical doctors), that measured (in any way) both burn-out (or similar) and spiritual health (or similar) medical doctors.Data extraction and synthesisAll records were double screened. Data extraction was performed by one reviewer and a proportion (10%) checked by a second reviewer. Quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a narrative review was undertaken without a meta-analysis.ResultsSearches yielded 1049 studies. 40 studies met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Low reported levels of spirituality were associated with high burn-out scores and vice versa. Religion was not significantly associated with lower levels of burn-out. Few studies reported statistically significant findings, few used validated spiritual scores and most were vulnerable to sampling bias.ConclusionsPublished research suggests that burn-out is linked to spiritual health in medical doctors but not to religion. Robust research is needed to confirm these findings and develop effective interventions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020200145.
Global Mentorship in Neurosurgery for Medical Students Study (the GloMNMS Study): a multinational multi-institutional cross-sectional audit
Authors: Minta Katarzyna Julia , Sescu Daniel , Da Luz Dominique , Kaliaperumal Chandrasekaran 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the perception of global mentorship in neurosurgery among medical students across the world. Secondary aim included investigating the factors affecting the availability and benefits of providing global mentorship scheme in neurosurgery at a medical student level.SettingThe Global Mentorship in Neurosurgery for Medical Students Study was a multinational cross-sectional audit that included medical students currently in the years 1–6 and intercalating programmes. They were invited to complete an online survey between 11 March and 1 May 2022.ParticipantsThe survey was disseminated to 243 medical university ambassadors worldwide from 60 countries who distributed the survey within their respective medical student cohorts across the duration of the study.ResultsOverall, 2962 of 3017 (98.2%) responses from medical students from 60 countries worldwide were included; 1439 of 2962 (49%) and 1523 of 2962 (51%) were from years 1–3 and 4–6 medical students including intercalating degree programmes, respectively. 1712, 1502 and 1359 of responses gathered indicated that possible reasons for the lack of neurosurgical mentorship are lack of time and resources from trainees in neurosurgery, time within medical school’s curriculum and awareness of societies in neurosurgery/neurology. 1276 and 1065 of medical students surveyed reported that it could also be due to lack of funding and overall inaccessibility within the area meaning there are few networking opportunities available.ConclusionsThis pilot study indicates that there is a scope for improvement regarding the availability and accessibility of neurosurgical mentorship programmes worldwide at a medical student level. The evaluation suggested that medical students would most benefit from the neurosurgical mentorship in the future by means of increased numbers of mentors within their universities, accessibility to neurosurgical departments and the ability to choose mentorship globally via a unified digital platform.
Temporal profile of adverse drug reactions and associated clinical factors: a prospective observational study in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Leopoldino Ramon Weyler Duarte , Marques Daniel Paiva , Rocha Luan Carvalho , Fernandes Flavia Evelyn Medeiros , Oliveira Antonio Gouveia , Martins Rand Randall 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveAlthough adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are quite common in hospitalised neonates, pharmacovigilance activities in this public are still incipient. This study aims to characterise ADRs in neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), identifying causative drugs, temporal profile and associated factors.DesignProspective observational study.SettingNICU of a public maternity hospital in Natal/Brazil.ParticipantsAll neonates admitted to the NICU for more than 24 hours and using at least one medication were followed up during the time of hospitalisation.Primary outcome measuresIncidence rate and risk factors for ADRs. The ADRs were detected by an active search in electronic medical records and analysis of spontaneous reports in the hospital pharmacovigilance system.ResultsSix hundred neonates were included in the study, where 118 neonates had a total of 186 ADRs. The prevalence of ADRs at the NICU was 19.7% (95% CI 16.7% to 23.0%). The most common ADRs were tachycardia (30.6%), polyuria (9.1%) and hypokalaemia (8.6%). Tachycardia (peak incidence rate: 57.1 ADR/1000 neonates) and hyperthermia (19.1 ADR/1000 neonates) predominated during the first 5 days of hospitalisation. The incidence rate of polyuria and hypokalaemia increased markedly after the 20th day, with both reaching a peak of 120.0 ADR/1000 neonates. Longer hospitalisation time (OR 0.018, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.029; p<0.01) and number of prescribed drugs (OR 0.127, 95% CI 0.075 to 0.178; p<0.01) were factors associated with ADRs.ConclusionADRs are very common in NICU, with tachycardia and hyperthermia predominant in the first week of hospitalisation and polyuria and hypokalaemia from the third week onwards.
Awareness of prostate cancer and its associated factors among male patients attending care in the urology unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebru Tilaye , Mekonnen Hussien , Getahun Negalign , Meseret Fentahun , Masrie Awoke , Mandefro Mihiret , Shawel Samrawit , Tamire Aklilu , Berhanu Addisu , Birhanu Abdi 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundGlobally, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Symptoms may be non-specific and may not present until the cancer has progressed. Raising awareness, knowing risk factors and symptoms and seeking early medical attention is critical for prevention and detection. The objective of this study is to assess the level of awareness of prostate cancer among male patients attending care in a urology unit in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 241 male patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital from February to April 2021. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from published studies and cancer awareness measurement tools. We used EpiData V.4.6.0 and SPSS V.26 for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for analyses. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis identified factors associated with prostate cancer awareness. Adjusted odd ratio (AOR) at 95% CI and p value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 250 patients were approached, and 241 (96.4%) responded. The mean scores for awareness of prostate cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention were 41.2%, 43.8%, 44.7% and 49.5%, respectively. Families with an average monthly income of more than 8900 ETB (Ethiopian birr), having heard about prostate cancer, having a regular source of care every six months or more, having a history of hospitalisation and having healthcare providers as the main source of information were all significantly associated with awareness of prostate cancer.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that male patients have a relatively low level of awareness of prostate cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention. There should be more public awareness initiatives to educate men in Ethiopia on the risk factors, symptoms, screening and prevention of prostate cancer.
Cost-effectiveness of ultra-low-dose quadruple combination therapy for high blood pressure
Authors: Atkins Emily R , Chye Alexander , Lung Thomas , Nolde Janis M , Billot Laurent , Burke Michael , Chalmers John , Figtree Gemma A , Hay Peter , Hillis Graham S , Jansen Shirley , Marschner Simone , Neal Bruce , Nelson Mark R , Reid Christopher M , Usherwood Tim , Schlaich Markus , Chow Clara K , Rodgers Anthony 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of a quadpill containing irbesartan 37.5 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg and bisoprolol 2.5 mg in comparison with irbesartan 150 mg for people with hypertension who are either untreated or receiving monotherapy.MethodsWe conducted a within-trial and modelled economic evaluation of the Quadruple UltrA-low-dose tReaTment for hypErTension trial. The analysis was preplanned, and medications and health service use captured during the trial. The main outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for cost per mm Hg systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction at 3 months, and modelled cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over a lifetime.ResultsThe within-trial analysis showed no clear difference in cost per mm Hg BP lowering between randomised treatments at 3 months ($A10 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) $A −18 to $A37) per mm Hg per person) for quadpill versus monotherapy. The modelled cost-utility over a lifetime projected a mean incremental cost of $A265 (95% UI $A166 to $A357) and a mean 0.02 QALYs gained (95% UI 0.01 to 0.03) per person with quadpill therapy compared with monotherapy. Quadpill therapy was cost-effective in the base case (ICER of $A14 006 per QALY), and the result was sensitive to the quadpill cost in one-way sensitivity analysis.Conclusion(s)Quadpill in comparison with monotherapy is comparably cost-effective for short-term BP lowering. In the long-term, quadpill therapy is likely to be cost-effective.Trial registration numberANZCTRN12616001144404.
PD-L1 protein expression in breast cancer
Authors: Saastad Sigurd A , Skjervold Anette H , Ytterhus Borgny , Engstrøm Monica Jernberg , Bofin Anna M 
Published: August 2023

AimsThe immune checkpoint marker, Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), is expressed by both cancer epithelial cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) thus constituting a potential target for immunotherapy. This is of particular interest in triple negative breast cancer. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in tumour epithelial cells and TICs in a series of patients with breast cancer with long-term follow-up, and associations between PD-L1 expression and histopathological type and grade, proliferation and molecular subtype.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 in tissue microarrays, we assessed PD-L1 expression in 821 tumours. Expression of PD-L1 was assessed separately in the epithelial and stromal compartments and classified as <1%, ≥1% to <10% or ≥10% positive staining cells. We correlated PD-L1 expression in tumour epithelial cells and TICs with tumour characteristics using Pearson’s χ2test, and prognosis by cumulative incidence of death from breast cancer and Cox regression analyses.ResultsWe found membranous staining in ≥1% of tumour epithelial cells in 53/821 cases (6.5%). Of these, 21 (2.6%) were ≥10%. Among TICs, staining (≥1%) was seen in 144/821 cases (17.6%). Of these, 62 were ≥10% (7.6%). PD-L1 was associated with high histopathological grade and proliferation, and the medullary and metaplastic patterns. In TICs, PD-L1 ≥1% found in 22/34 (34.4%) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 type and 29/58 (50%) basal phenotype. An independent association between PD-L1 expression and prognosis was not observed.ConclusionsPD-L1 is expressed more frequently in TICs than tumour epithelial cells. Expression in TICs is associated with aggressive tumour characteristics and non-luminal tumours but not with prognosis.
Organ Donation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
Authors: Morrison Laurie J. , Sandroni Claudio , Grunau Brian , Parr Michael , Macneil Finlay , Perkins Gavin D. , Aibiki Mayuki , Censullo Eileen , Lin Steve , Neumar Robert W. , Brooks Steven C. ,   on behalf of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation
Published: August 2023

AIM OF THE REVIEW:
Improving rates of organ donation among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who do not survive is an opportunity to save countless lives. The objectives of this scientific statement were to do the following: define the opportunity for organ donation among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; identify challenges and opportunities associated with organ donation by patients with cardiac arrest; identify strategies, including a generic protocol for organ donation after cardiac arrest, to increase the rate and consistency of organ donation from this population; and provide rationale for including organ donation as a key clinical outcome for all future cardiac arrest clinical trials and registries.

METHODS:

The scope of this International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation scientific statement was approved by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation board and the American Heart Association, posted on
ILCOR.org
for public comment, and then assigned by section to primary and secondary authors. A unique literature search was completed and updated for each section.

RESULTS:
There are a number of defining pathways for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to become organ donors; however, modifications in the Maastricht classification system need to be made to correctly identify these donors and to report outcomes with consistency. Suggested modifications to the minimum data set for reporting cardiac arrests will increase reporting of organ donation as an important resuscitation outcome. There are a number of challenges with implementing uncontrolled donation after cardiac death protocols, and the greatest impediment is the lack of legislation in most countries to mandate organ donation as the default option. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation has the potential to increase organ donation rates, but more research is needed to derive neuroprognostication rules to guide clinical decision-making about when to stop extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to evaluate cost-effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS:
All health systems should develop, implement, and evaluate protocols designed to optimize organ donation opportunities for patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and failed attempts at resuscitation.
Sex Differences in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Study in 2343 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Exalto Lieza G. , Weaver Nick A. , Kuijf Hugo J. , Aben Hugo P. , Bae Hee-Joon , Best Jonathan G. , Bordet Régis , Chen Christopher P.L.H. , van der Giessen Ruben S. , Godefroy Olivier , Gyanwali Bibek , Hamilton Olivia K.L. , Hilal Saima , Huenges Wajer Irene M.C. , Kim Jonguk , Kappelle L. Jaap , Kim Beom Joon , Köhler Sebastian , de Kort Paul L.M. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Lim Jae-Sung , Makin Stephen D.J. , Mok Vincent C.T. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Roussel Martine , Staals Julie , Valdés-Hernández Maria del C. , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Verhey Frans R.J. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Werring David J. , Xu Xin , van Zandvoort Martine J.E. , Biesbroek J. Matthijs , Chappell Francesca M. , Biessels Geert Jan 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) occurs in about half of stroke survivors. Cumulative evidence indicates that functional outcomes of stroke are worse in women than men. Yet it is unknown whether the occurrence and characteristics of PSCI differ between men and women.

METHODS:
Individual patient data from 9 cohorts of patients with ischemic stroke were harmonized and pooled through the Meta-VCI-Map consortium (n=2343, 38% women). We included patients with visible symptomatic infarcts on computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment within 15 months after stroke. PSCI was defined as impairment in ≥1 cognitive domains on neuropsychological assessment. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compare men to women, adjusted for study cohort, to obtain odds ratios for PSCI and individual cognitive domains. We also explored sensitivity and specificity of cognitive screening tools for detecting PSCI, according to sex (Mini-Mental State Examination, 4 cohorts, n=1814; Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 3 cohorts, n=278).

RESULTS:

PSCI was found in 51% of both women and men. Men had a lower risk of impairment of attention and executive functioning (men: odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.61–0.96]), and language (men: odds ratio, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.45–0.85]), but a higher risk of verbal memory impairment (men: odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.17–1.75]). The sensitivity of Mini-Mental State Examination (<25) for PSCI was higher for women (0.53) than for men (0.27;
P
=0.02), with a lower specificity for women (0.80) than men (0.96;
P
=0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (<26.) for PSCI was comparable between women and men (0.91 versus 0.86;
P
=0.62 and 0.29 versus 0.28;
P
=0.86, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Sex was not associated with PSCI occurrence but affected domains differed between men and women. The latter may explain why sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Examination for detecting PSCI was higher in women with a lower specificity compared with men. These sex differences need to be considered when screening for and diagnosing PSCI in clinical practice.
Dogs Rely On Visual Cues Rather Than On Effector-Specific Movement Representations to Predict Human Action Targets
Authors: Lonardo Lucrezia , Völter Christoph J. , Lamm Claus , Huber Ludwig 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ability to predict others’ actions is one of the main pillars of social cognition. We investigated the processes underlying this ability by pitting motor representations of the observed movements against visual familiarity. In two pre-registered eye-tracking experiments, we measured the gaze arrival times of 16 dogs (Canis familiaris) who observed videos of a human or a conspecific executing the same goal-directed actions. On the first trial, when the human agent performed human-typical movements outside dogs’ specific motor repertoire, dogs’ gaze arrived at the target object anticipatorily (i.e., before the human touched the target object). When the agent was a conspecific, dogs’ gaze arrived to the target object reactively (i.e., upon or after touch). When the human agent performed unusual movements more closely related to the dogs’ motor possibilities (e.g., crawling instead of walking), dogs’ gaze arrival times were intermediate between the other two conditions. In a replication experiment, with slightly different stimuli, dogs’ looks to the target object were neither significantly predictive nor reactive, irrespective of the agent. However, when including looks at the target object that were not preceded by looks to the agents, on average dogs looked anticipatorily and sooner at the human agent’s action target than at the conspecific’s. Looking times and pupil size analyses suggest that the dogs’ attention was captured more by the dog agent. These results suggest that visual familiarity with the observed action and saliency of the agent had a stronger influence on the dogs’ looking behaviour than effector-specific movement representations in anticipating action targets.
Characteristics of Lake-Effect Precipitation over the Black River Valley and Western Adirondack Mountains
Authors: Steenburgh W. James , Cunningham Julie A. , Bergmaier Philip T. , Geerts Bart , Veals Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Potential factors affecting the inland penetration and orographic modulation of lake-effect precipitation east of Lake Ontario include the environmental (lake, land, and atmospheric) conditions, mode of the lake-effect system, and orographic processes associated with flow across the downstream Tug Hill Plateau (herein Tug Hill), Black River valley, and Adirondack Mountains (herein Adirondacks). In this study we use data from the KTYX WSR-88D, ERA5 reanalysis, New York State Mesonet, and Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign to examine how these factors influence lake-effect characteristics with emphasis on the region downstream of Tug Hill. During an eight-cool-season (16 November–15 April) study period (2012/13–2019/20), total radar-estimated precipitation during lake-effect periods increased gradually from Lake Ontario to upper Tug Hill and decreased abruptly where the Tug Hill escarpment drops into the Black River valley. The axis of maximum precipitation shifted poleward across the northern Black River valley and into the northwestern Adirondacks. In the western Adirondacks, the heaviest lake-effect snowfall periods featured strong, near-zonal boundary layer flow, a deep boundary layer, and a single precipitation band aligned along the long-lake axis. Airborne profiling radar observations collected during OWLeS IOP10 revealed precipitation enhancement over Tug Hill, spillover and shadowing in the Black River valley where a resonant lee wave was present, and precipitation invigoration over the western Adirondacks. These results illustrate the orographic modulation of inland-penetrating lake-effect systems downstream of Lake Ontario and the factors favoring heavy snowfall over the western Adirondacks.

Significance Statement
Inland penetrating lake-effect storms east of Lake Ontario affect remote rural communities, enable a regional winter-sports economy, and contribute to a snowpack that contributes to runoff and flooding during thaws and rain-on-snow events. In this study we illustrate how the region’s three major geographic features—Tug Hill, the Black River valley, and the western Adirondacks—affect the characteristics of lake-effect precipitation, describe the factors contributing to heavy snowfall over the western Adirondacks, and provide an examples of terrain effects in a lake-effect storm observed with a specially instrumented research aircraft.