bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy characterization of cone photoreceptor reflectivity perturbation by drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits
Authors: Zhang Yuhua , Wang Xiaolin , Liu Ruixue , Hoshi Sujin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To examine the structure of photoreceptors around drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) in patients with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) using multimodal imaging, including adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO).Methods: Thirty‐four (n = 34) patients with early to intermediate AMD were enrolled and classified into 3 groups based on predominant lesion type. Group 1 included 20 eyes of 15 subjects with medium‐large soft drusen (63–1000 μm diameter), group 2 had 15 eyes of 10 subjects with cuticular drusen (<63 μm), and group 3 had 14 eyes of 9 subjects with SDD. Lesion presence was ascertained by colour fundus photography, near‐infrared reflectance, blue reflectance, autofluorescence, and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). SDD were classified with a 3‐stage OCT‐based grading system. In addition, the reflectivity and packing mosaic of cone photoreceptors were assessed with AOSLO.Results: AOSLO revealed characteristic photoreceptor reflectivity perturbation by different types of AMD's extracellular lesions. Around large soft drusen, the photoreceptor mosaic was invisible at the edge and visible on the top. The photoreceptors in the retinae with cuticular drusen were largely maintained as a contiguous mosaic but with reduced reflectivity over the lesions. Photoreceptors surrounding SDD showed reduced reflectivity associated with the SDD stage. The en face appearance of the photoreceptor mosaic was consistent with its cross‐sectional structure as rendered by SD‐OCT.Conclusions: The dramatic photoreceptor reflectivity perturbation associated with SDD indicates that SDD may impose a more direct and severe impact on overlying photoreceptors than drusen, suggesting that the retinal function in eyes with SDD may be more severely impaired.@@@@
Generation and characterization of human USH2A retinal disease model
Authors: Flores Ana , García Belen , Garcia Gema , Mayordomo Noelia Pimentel , Gallardo Maria Esther , Garcia Carmen Ayuso , Millán Jose Maria , Lukovic Dunja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Mutations in USH2A are the most common cause of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and syndromic RP in combined deaf‐blindness, Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2). In both cases, the effective treatment is lacking. The failure of retinal phenotype in available animal models warrants the generation of human tissue mimics in which to explore the underlying molecular mechanism and test available therapeutic modalities. To model this disease in vitro, we generated iPSC‐derived retinal organoids from the USH2 patient and isogenic control. We studied cellular and morphological alterations in retinal organoids and the effectiveness of gene editing to rescue retinal cell phenotypes. We describe the precise gene editing approach to genetically correct the p.Cys759Phe mutation in USH2A and hence generate the isogenic iPSC line.Methods: The editing machinery was introduced by delivery of recombinant Cas9 and synthetic crRNA into the iPSCs derived from the patient bearing p.Cys759Phe mutation in USH2A. A single stranded oligonucleotide donor (ssODN) template carrying the wild‐type sequence was used to drive the mutation correction. The single cell clones were obtained and their edited genotype confirmed. Patient and isogenic control were subjected toward retinal organoid differentiation and analysed by fluorescence microscopy throughout the protocol, stage specific retinal cell markers were identified.Results: The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing approach generated homo‐and heterozygously corrected clones with acceptable efficiency. Patient and isogenic control lines were induced toward retinal organoids with all mayor retinal cell types. We observe reduced efficiency in neural retina formation and paucity in cellular laminar arrangement of patients' cells. The isogenic control was able to revert disease related cellular phenotypes and subcellular features.Conclusions: Our study corroborates the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9 editing of genetic lesion in monogenic disease bearing hiPSCs further supporting the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 machinery in in vivo settings. We have identified retinal cell phenotype in USH2A p.Cys759Phe disease background which allows us to study disease mechanism and test novel treatment options.
Surgical management of disc pit maculopathy: A case report
Authors: Fernández Miguel Castillo , Rivasés Guilermo Pérez , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Andrés Cisneros , Martínez Marta Suñer , Clavería Julia Aramburu , Floria María Olivia Esteban , Sesé Isabel Bartolomé , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso , Lozano Isabel Pinilla 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital disorder that affects one in 10 000 people. Serous detachment of macula is the most common complication and the natural history of untreated ODP maculopathy is a gradual deterioration with significant visual loss. A multitude of interventions have been designed for the treatment but none has been established as the treatment of choice. Pars plana vitrectomy is one of the most commonly used procedure in recent years. We present a case report with surgical treatment and management of complications.Methods: An interventional case report of a 63‐year‐old man who attended the emergency room due to sudden visual loss and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/200 in the right eye (RE). Upon his arrival, a visual field was performed in which complete abolition of the right field was observed, severely affecting the central area. A papillary pit was found in the eye fundus. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a serous retinal detachment (RD) with macular involvement and surgical management was decided.Results: A successful pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with peeling of the internal limiting membrane and application of an endolaser was performed. Three months later, he came back with a higher serous RD and a worsening of BCVA. We performed a second PPV with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) with good anatomical results. One year later, cataract and an inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was treated with intraocular lens implantation and PPV with silicone oil. Five months later, supero‐temporal retina was detached, so a new PPV was carried out with silicone oil again. One year later, the silicone oil was removed and a retinal detachment was noted 3 months later. Finally, the last surgery was performed practicing encircling band, PPV, application of endolaser and again using silicone oil.Conclusions: Surgical management of serous retinal detachment caused by papillary pit continues being a challenge for retinal specialists. Complications of surgery are no usually publish in literature and this case report make us take into account. Since it ranges from observation to surgical approach using different techniques and procedures without any showing clear superiority.
Administration of dutasteride in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Sanz María Miranda , Cantó Antolin , Olivar Teresa , López‐Pedrajas Rosa , Martínez‐González Javier , Hernández‐Rabaza Vicente , Almansa Inmaculada 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) describes a large group of hereditary retinopathies. It mainly affects the rods. However, once the rods have degenerated, the cones, also die, leading to complete blindness. Although, the mutations that cause RP have been identified in different genes, the mechanisms that cause the death of photoreceptor cells are still unknown. Gonadal hormones may play a protective role in RP. Our research group has shown that oral administration of progesterone to RP mice significantly conserves the number of photoreceptors. 5α‐reductase inhibitors (such as dutasteride (DUT)) are approved treatments for androgenic alopecia. Modulation or inhibition of 5α‐reductase activity increases the levels of the neuroprotective steroid progesterone and 17β‐estradiol. The purpose of this study was to administer DUT to RP mice. This may be another form of increasing progesterone levels in the retina and therefore, may be neuroprotective.Methods: Animals were treated in accordance with the ARVO statement for the use of animals. rds mice were treated intraperitoneally with DUT and euthanized on day 21. Haematoxylin–eosin, cell death, and rod and cone immunohistochemistry were performed to determine if DUT was able to delay photoreceptor death. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study changes in retinal microglia (Iba‐1) and macroglial cells. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was also quantified.Results: DUT increased photoreceptor survival in rds mice. An increase in iba‐1 positive cells was found in rds retinas and DUT normalized the number, migration and the length and number of branches in these cells. DUT decreased GFAP (glial fibrillar acid protein) expression. We have also observed a slightly increase in nNOS expression in rds mice. DUT administration was also able to decrease nNOS expression.Conclusions: DUT may be used to improve cell survival, to ameliorate retinal micro and macroglial activation as well as alterations in nNOS in RP.
Changes in retinochoroidal vascularization evaluated by OCTA in long time evolution DM1 patients
Authors: Pinilla Isabel , Sopeña‐Pinilla Maria , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Díaz‐Barreda Mª. Dolores , Fernández‐Espinosa Guisela , Bartolome Isabel , Acha Javier , Hospital Elvira Orduna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To study anatomical and vascular changes in the superficial capillary (SCP) and deep capillary (DCP) plexuses in the retina, as well as changes in the choriocapillaris (CC) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in type 1 diabetic (DM1) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods: We performed a single‐center cross‐sectional descriptive study including 68 eyes of well‐controlled DM1 patients who had been diagnosed at least 10 years prior, and 88 eyes of 88 healthy subjects. All participants underwent a full ophthalmic examination including OCTA using Deep Range Imaging (DRI)‐Triton swept source (SS)‐OCT.Results: six eyes were excluded from the DM1 group after checking the quality of our measurements, resulting in a final sample of 62 eyes. Mean age was 43.79 ± 11.31 and 47.16 ± 15.48 years in the DM1 group and in the control group respectively. There were no differences in VA, EE, AL nor IOP. Statistically significant differences were found in all areas of the SCP, except for the central area, with lower values in DM1 patients. There were differences in all quadrants except the central zone and the superior quadrant in the DCP. In the CC, there were only significant blood flow changes in the central area. We did not find significant differences in the FAZ in neither of the plexuses, but the horizontal FAZ SCP diameter was found significantly different. The anatomical evaluation frequently showed abnormalities such as microaneurysms in both plexuses, FAZ modifications and areas with lack of blood perfusion.Conclusions: Type 1 diabetic patients without DR present microvascular abnormalities with lack of retinal and CC blood perfusion, as well as anatomical changes in retinal blood vessels.
Long‐term follow up of macular perfusion evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Pinilla Isabel , Bartolome Isabel , Díaz‐Barreda Mª. Dolores , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Fernández‐Espinosa Guisela , Sopeña‐Pinilla Maria , Hospital Elvira Orduna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate macular microvascular changes using OCTA in patients one‐year after a successful RDD surgery.Methods: Cross‐sectional study including RRD treated using PPV ± SB and SF6 tamponade. Eyes were divided related to their macular status previous surgery and depending on the surgical technique used. All the subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examinations including a 3x3 OCTA protocol using DRI‐Triton swept source (SS)‐OCT with a minimum 12 months follow‐up after the surgery. Retinal capillary plexuses and CC vessel density (VD) were studied. FAZ area and diameters were measured. Results were compared with the unaffected contralateral eye.Results: Sixty eyes of 57 patients with RRD were included. Mean age was 59.14 ± 9.52 years. PPV was performed in 68.3% of the eyes, associated to SB in 31.6%. The macula was affected in 38.3% of the eyes and unaffected in 61.7%. RRD macula‐off had lower VA than the contralateral eyes. No differences were observed in VD between RRD macula‐on eyes regardless of the surgical technique performed. However, one year after surgery, we observed a significantly increased VD in the central area of macula‐off RRD eyes treated with PPV + SB in both retinal plexuses and in the SCP of RRD treated with PPV compared to the fellow eyes. All the macula‐off treated eyes had a diminished VD for both SCP and DCP in the superior quadrant and in PPV + SB we also found a diminution in the inferior quadrant for the SCP. In the inferior quadrant, we only found a diminution in the SCP flow in macula‐off treated with PPV + SB. We found changes at the CC level in the temporal quadrant of the macular‐off treated with PPV + SB. We did not observe differences in FAZ area between any groups. FAZ horizontal and vertical diameters were statistically smaller in patients with macula‐off RRD.Conclusion: Macular vascularity remains almost unchanged in patients one year after successful RRD surgery, despite the surgical technique (VPP vs VPP + SB). Vascular changes are not remarkable in neither macula‐on not macula‐off RDD. We found an increase in VD in the central area of the retinal capillary plexus in patients after macula‐off RDD associated to a diminution in VD of both superior and inferior quadrants of the retinal plexuses suggesting changes in vascularization after macula‐off RRD surgery.
Multimodal imaging in persistent fetal vasculature
Authors: Gouider Dhouha , Sayadi Jihene , Choura Racem , Raihan Haythem , Mekni Manel , Aidi Nourhene , Zeghal Imene , Malek Ines , Nacef Leila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the clinical manifestations of the persistence of the fetal vascular system and to show multimodal imaging findings in this disease.Methods: We presented two cases of persistent fetal vasculature. Thorough clinical examination and full multimodal imaging have been undertaken.Results: The first case is a 12‐year‐old girl who consulted for a visual impairment evolving for few years. Fundoscopy revealed a unilateral whitish vascular membrane attached to the optic disc towards the vitreous associated with retinal folds in interpapillomacular region as well as chorio‐retinal atrophy and nasal pigment migrations. B‐mode ultrasonography confirmed the presence of this membrane attached to the optic disc but does not reach the lens. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a deficit of RNFL, especially in superotemporal and hyaloid condensation in the optic disc with macular folds. The second case is a 42‐year‐old patient who consulted for a presbyopia. Fundoscopy revealed membranous short band‐like lesion attached to the optic disc associated with retinal folds, better seen in the anerythral photograph which showed an alternation of grey and white bands.Conclusions: Multimodal imaging is of a paramount importance in diagnosing the fetal vascular system. It also allows the recognition of the form of this disease and thus the way to manage it.
OMNI®, the new surgical option in the treatment of glaucoma
Authors: Merino Jacobo Yáñez , Hermosín Mario García , Rufas Ines Munuera , Navarro Damian Garcia , Merino Andres Biescas , Arenas Blanca Ferrández , Poves Jose Manuel Larrosa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The mechanisms of elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with open‐angle glaucoma are complex and probably include problems related to alterations in the trabecular network, Schlemm channel and distal collecting channels. Traditional surgeries, such as trabeculectomy and the implantation of a shunt microtube, avoid these structures and divert the aqueous humour to the subconjunctival space. Recently, a growing family of minimally invasive glaucoma (MIGS) surgeries has evolved to achieve the reduction of IOP without blistering by restoring flow through the conventional physiological route of exit. One of the devices in this family is the OMNI® surgical system, which was designed to address the three sources of resistance to output flow: trabecular network, Schlemm channel and distal collectors. Thanks to this device it is possible to perform two procedures with a single surgery and overcome three points of flow resistance.The relative novelty of this device makes it important to monitor and analyse long‐term results in normal clinical practice.Methods: We present 6 clinical cases of chronic open‐angle glaucoma that were subjected to surgery with the OMNI® device, associating cataract phacoemulsification in 5 of them.Results: The reduction in IOP that we have observed at 3 and 6 months is around 30%, which is very similar to what has been published in the literature.Conclusions: In our experience, the OMNI® surgical system has provided a clinically relevant decrease in IOP and the number of active ingredients needed, with a good safety profile, although a greater volume of patients and follow‐up time are required to draw more precise conclusions.
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears after serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in wet AMD: A retrospective study of 23 patients
Authors: Skalicky Nicolas , Cedro Luca , Katja Hatz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes for vision impairment. Pigment epithelial detachment (PED) is a common finding, which in its serous form is associated with wet AMD. PED can lead to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears, which are associated with a further loss in vision. One known risk factor for RPE ruptures is the use of anti‐VEGF injections in patients with persisting PED. The aim of our study was to identify morphological parameters in the SD‐OCT that could present risk factors for RPE tears. Furthermore, this study aims at helping to predict functional and morphological outcomes for patients with RPE tears associated with PED in AMD.Methods: All patients in the database of Vista Augenklinik Binningen, Switzerland, diagnosed with RPE tears in SD‐OCT were included. Patients who presented with RPE tears at their first consultation were excluded from the study. Both morphological factors in imaging (SD‐OCT, FAF), as well as the history of anti‐VEGF injections prior and after the RPE tears occurred, were retrospectively analysed.Results: 23 eyes of 23 patients (57% females) were included. At the time of the RPE tear, the mean age was 81.9 ± 13.1 years (range: 70–95 years, median: 83 years). Mean follow‐up time was 28.7 ± 31 months (range: 1–52 months) after the rupture. The mean height of PED was 324.5 μm (range: 24‐837 μm) at the first consultation. In 6 out of 7 patients (86%) with initial PED height > 526 μm, an RPE rupture occurred between the first and second consultation. 4 out of those 6 patients (67%) had received their first anti‐VEGF injection. Only 2 out of the other 16 patients (12%) with PED ≤375 μm had a rupture between the first and second consultation. The mean PED height in the last OCT imaging before rupture was 563 ± 486.55 μm (range: 121‐1039 μm). 8 patients (35%) had received exactly one anti‐VEGF injection before the rupture (mean height before rupture: 580,5 μm), another 8 patients (35%) received more than one injection (range: 2–55, mean height before rupture: 589,1 μm) and 7 patients (30%) did not receive anti‐VEGF injections (mean height before rupture: 513.1 μm).Conclusions: The risk of RPE tears should be considered when treating patients with PED in wet AMD. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be encouraged in addition to the existing scores.
Toxic conjunctivitis due to cosmetics: Description of the pathology and evaluation of topical treatment with unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml
Authors: Mokka Agni , Boboridis Konstadinos G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the frequently misdiagnosed condition of toxic conjunctivitis due to facial cosmetics' use and to evaluate the effectiveness of our topical anti‐inflammatory treatment.Methods: Over a one‐year period (2021) we recorded 28 patients (26 females and 2 males) with toxic conjunctivitis due to the use of facial cosmetic creams. The clinical presentation involves burning sensation, epiphora, redness and edema of palpebral conjunctiva with follicular response, edema of punctum and contact dermatitis of the medial lid skin. We advised cessation of facial creams and administered artificial tears with HA, topical unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml (4 times daily for 2 weeks) and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml (twice daily for 4 weeks). Follow up was in 2 and 4 weeks.Results: All patients had symptoms for over 2 months and received more than 3 different treatments. In 4 weeks, 23/28 (82%) patients had full recovery, whereas 5/28 (18%) although improved required reaffirming of cosmetic cessation and continued topical ketotifen for two more weeks until complete resolution of symptoms.Conclusions: Toxic conjunctivitis due to facial creams is a frequent condition, especially in women, and is often misdiagnosed as allergic conjunctivitis. Cessation of facial creams for the duration of the treatment is mandatory. Topical treatment with HA artificial tears, topical unpreserved hydrocortisone 3.35 mg/ml and ketotifen 0.25 mg/ml offers highly effective anti‐inflammatory action with no increase in intraocular pressure or other side effects.
Aflibercept as a treatment for neovascular membrane associated with choroidal osteoma
Authors: Perea Juan Antonio Sánchez , Menargues Manuel Almarcha , Abellán Maria Victoria Navarro , López Carmen Miquel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess the importance of treating the patient with choroidal osteoma‐associated neovascular membrane by administering anti‐angiogenic (anti‐VEGF) drugs.Methods:: We present a descriptive study (case report). We have performed a multimodal imaging study of a patient with an inferior temporal peripapillary choroidal osteoma. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was taken in a patient diagnosed with a choroidal osteoma after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. The patient presented with a decrease in visual acuity and a study using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) revealed a type II neovascular membrane affecting the temporal area of the choroidal osteoma. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a neurosensory detachment.Results: Serial OCT evaluation revealed a neovascular membrane with associated neurosensory detachment, which was treated with intravitreal injections of Aflibercept, resulting in an MAVC of 0.1 to an MAVC of 0.7 after 2 months. On OCTA we observed disruption of the retinal pigment epithelium. Treatment with monthly injections is required for the first 3 months, with bimonthly treatment for a further 6 months. At present the MAVC is 0.6 and no further injections are required for the time being.Conclusions: Serial multimodality imaging is very useful in the follow‐up of patients with choroidal tumours. It allows us to observe associated complications such as the neovascular membrane that we found in the context of a patient with a choroidal osteoma, a benign bone tumour that mainly affects young women without associated diseases. Despite being benign, it can cause irreversible loss of vision either due to the tumour affecting the macular area or due to complications such as choroidal neovascularisation, which occurs in one third of cases.