bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prediction of riblet behaviour with a low-Reynolds number k-ε model
Authors: Launder B.E. , Li S-P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe paper reports the first computational explorations of the flow in the vicinity of riblets with a two-equation turbulence model. For simplicity fully developed flow in a plane channel is considered though the results should be applicable to boundary-layer flow, as the riblets are confined within the (virtually) constantstress near-wall sublayer. The study of idealised L-shaped (or blade) riblets showed larger levels of drag reduction (up to 22%) than have hitherto been reported. When the usual triangular-profile riblets were considered, however, the maximum drag reduction was reduced to about 10%, in line with experiment.Although the maximum drag reduction is well predicted, there are serious differences from experiment for the values of h+ at which the optimum performance is achieved. Moreover, the computations suggest that at low Re for h+ < 10, drag increases result. These anomalies highlight two distinct and counteracting weaknesses in the model of turbulence: there is an insufficient sensitivity of the equation to three-dimensional straining in the jow-Reynolds-number region while use of an isotropic viscosity model enforces zero secondary circulation in the vicinity of the riblets.
The inaugural Willy Messerschmitt Lecture
Authors: Madelung G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWilly Messerschmitt’s most notable impact on aviation history occurred during the wartime period 50 years ago. While there is a general belief that the business approach under the extraordinary circumstances of this period is in no way relevant to today’s business environment, this paper will, nevertheless, attempt to illustrate that some elements of Messerschmitt’s approach may still be worthy of consideration.Messerschmitt’s approach had not been that of “big business” but rather comparable to that of an artist-craftsman. Since the approach of an artist is best reflected by reviewing his “oeuvre”, this paper will be proceeding accordingly. Figure 1 shows Messerschmitt in 1935.
Generic buckling of thick orthotropic cylindrical shells
Authors: Yang I.H. , Kuo W. S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA unified analytical method is presented for evaluating the generic buckling behaviours of simply-supported thick orthotropic cylindrical shells subjected to both axial compression and lateral pressure. The thick shell theory and Flugge type equations are employed. The equilibrium equations of shells become particularly simple in the chosen space by considering an appropriate transformation and utilizing some previous material constant definitions due to Brunelle. Hence, comprehensive solutions are found to this problem so that the curves presented in the text are generic rather than specific. The analysis is for the restricted case of a single homogeneous layer. The effects of various parameters on buckling loads are studied. The results indicate that the buckling coefficient increases with increasing generalised rigidity ratio D* but decreases with increasing generalised Poisson's ratio ε. The results of a reduced set of equations agree with those obtained by previous investigators.
Measurements of the dynamic stall vortex convection speed
Authors: Green R. B. , Galbraith R. A. McD. , Niven A.J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the dynamic stall vortex of importance in helicopter rotor aerodynamics and discusses previous measurements of its convection speed. It emerges that an anomaly exists between the available data sets, i.e. that some workers find that the convection speed is dependent upon the aerofoil motion, while others find that this is not the case. Measurements of the convection speed from data gathered at Glasgow University for a variety of aerofoil shapes and motion types are then presented, which support the conclusion that the dynamic stall vortex convection speed is independent of aerofoil type and motion type to a first order.
Prolonged fasting outperforms short-term fasting in terms of glucose tolerance and insulin release: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Solianik Rima , Židonienė Katerina , Eimantas Nerijus , Brazaitis Marius 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFasting is related to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, but it is unknown whether the duration of fasting influences these factors. We explored whether prolonged fasting increases norepinephrine and ketone concentrations and decreases core temperature to a greater extent than short-term fasting; if so, this should lead to improved glucose tolerance. Forty-three healthy young adult males were randomly assigned to undergo a 2-d fast, 6-d fast or the usual diet. Changes in rectal temperature (TR), ketone and catecholamine concentrations, glucose tolerance and insulin release in response to an oral glucose tolerance test were assessed. Both fasting trials increased ketone concentration, and the effect was larger after the 6-d fast (P < 0·05). TR and epinephrine concentration increased only after the 2-d fast (P < 0·05). Both fasting trials increased the glucose area under the curve (AUC) (P < 0·05), but the AUC remained higher than the baseline value after participants returned to their usual diet in the 2-d fast group (P < 0·05). Neither fasting had an immediate effect on the insulin AUC, although it increased after return to their usual diet in the 6-d fast group (P < 0·05). These data suggest that the 2-d fast elicited residual impaired glucose tolerance, which may be linked to greater perceived stress during short-term fasting, as shown by the epinephrine response and change in core temperature. By contrast, prolonged fasting seemed to evoke an adaptive residual mechanism that is related to improved insulin release and maintained glucose tolerance.
μισθοῦ μυϵῖν: Apsines, Aristogeiton and initiation for pay
Authors: Murphy David J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Ars rhetorica attributed to Apsines of Gadara contains five cryptic references to a speech prosecuting the Athenian politician Aristogeiton for proposing an illegal law to raise state revenue. It is disputed whether Aristogeiton is supposed to have moved to legalize payment (μισθός) for ‘closing one’s eyes’ (μύϵιν, i.e. taking bribes) or for ‘initiating’ (μυϵῖν) into the Mysteries. It also remains a mystery how Aristogeiton’s scheme was to function. I argue that ‘initiate for pay’ is correct and that in fact Apsines wrote the declamation against Aristogeiton. I reason to the best explanation of ‘payment’: neither an entrance fee into the Mysteries nor a tax, but payment made by pilgrims to something like a syndicate empowered by contract to conduct preliminary initiation. Such a scheme would contravene religious norms. The declamation’s speaker therefore must have prosecuted Aristogeiton on an indictment of νόμον μὴ ἐπιτήδϵιον θϵῖναι (‘proposing an inexpedient law’) so far unparalleled in Greek declamation. Moreover, I suggest that Apsines’ marriage ties to the Keryx clan at Eleusis supports his authorship of the Ars. These cryptic references highlight the influence that the Mysteries and the figure of Aristogeiton exerted on composers of declamations in the Imperial period.
Neoplatonists on the place of Aristotle’s biological works
Authors: Ge Tianqin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccording to the Neoplatonic classification of Aristotle’s writings, it has often been claimed that his biological works were excluded from his physical writings, and do not form a part of Neoplatonic school curricula. In this paper, I shall challenge this view, arguing that there are reasonable indications that the Neoplatonists regarded most of Aristotle’s biological works (apart from the History of Animals) as a proper part of his natural philosophy, and as works which deserved serious study.
Autonomous sequential surgical skills assessment for the peg transfer task in a laparoscopic box-trainer system with three cameras
Authors: Rashidi Fathabadi Fatemeh , Grantner Janos L. , Shebrain Saad A , Abdel-Qader Ikhlas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn laparoscopic surgery, surgeons should develop several manual laparoscopic skills before carrying out real operative procedures using a low-cost box trainer. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program was developed as a program to assess fundamental knowledge and surgical skills, required for basic laparoscopic surgery. The peg transfer task is a hands-on exam in the FLS program that assists a trainee to understand the relative minimum amount of grasping force necessary to move the pegs from one place to another place without dropping them. In this paper, an autonomous, sequential assessment algorithm based on deep learning, a multi-object detection method, and, several sequential If-Then conditional statements have been developed to monitor each step of a surgeon’s performance. Images from three different cameras are used to assess whether the surgeon executes the peg transfer task correctly and to display a notification on any errors on the monitor immediately. This algorithm improves the performance of a laparoscopic box-trainer system using top, side, and front cameras and removes the need for any human monitoring during a peg transfer task. The developed algorithm can detect each object and its status during a peg transfer task and notifies the resident about the correct or failed outcome. In addition, this system can correctly determine the peg transfer execution time, and the move, carry, and dropped states for each object by the top, side, and front-mounted cameras. Based on the experimental results, the proposed surgical skill assessment system can identify each object at a high score of fidelity, and the train-validation total loss for the single-shot detector (SSD) ResNet50 v1 was about 0.05. Also, the mean average precision (mAP) and Intersection over Union (IoU) of this detection system were 0.741, and 0.75, respectively. This project is a collaborative research effort between the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Department of Surgery, at Western Michigan University.
The relationship between social network typology, L2 proficiency growth, and curriculum design in university study abroad
Authors: Strawbridge Tripp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study utilizes social network analysis to characterize a typology of study abroad sojourner experience, detailing the relationship of social experience types to second language (L2) proficiency growth and study abroad program design. In contrast with previous research, the study performs a quantitative analysis of structural and compositional network features to identify a typology of social networks. Participants were 30 L2 Spanish learners from five US-based semester-long university study abroad programs in Spain. Social network data were collected using a social network questionnaire, while L2 development was measured through an elicited imitation task. Results identify four prominent social network patterns, characterized by varying levels of Spanish language use, emotional proximity to contacts, frequency of interaction, contact status as program peer or host community member, and network cohesion. L2 proficiency development was significantly affected by these patterns, which were shaped by the contrasting curricular models of study abroad programs.
Terminal Classic Conch-Shell Gorgets from the Maya Region and Central Mexico
Authors: Carter Nicholas P. , Lukach Katharine W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses a category of conch-shell gorgets, mainly semielliptical in shape, which were produced during the Terminal Classic period in central Mexico and/or the Maya lowlands. We describe the iconography and style of these ornaments, seek precedents in other media for their themes, and use stylistic and epigraphic data to connect them to long-distance economic and political interactions between the Maya region and central Mexico. Although the portraits on most of the gorgets diverge from earlier Classic Maya conventions, neither do they conform to central Mexican canons. Further discoveries of such pendants in archaeological context may clarify their origins and social uses.
First Mapping of Monthly and Diurnal Climatology of Saharan Dust Layer Height Over the Atlantic Ocean From EPIC/DSCOVR in Deep Space
Authors: Lu Zhendong , Wang Jun , Chen Xi , Zeng Jing , Wang Yi , Xu Xiaoguang , Christian Kenneth E. , Yorks John E. , Nowottnick Edward P. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Xian Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe monthly and hourly climatology of Saharan dust layer height over the Atlantic, at a spatial resolution of ∼10 km, is obtained for the first time, via a passive remote sensing technique. The technique is applied to multiple years of Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) data collected at the Lagrange‐1 point, generating a climate data record (CDR) of aerosol optical centroid height (AOCH). This CDR offers unprecedented spatial coverage and diurnal sampling compared to spaceborne lidars (CALIOP and CATS). Our results show high correspondence with CALIOP data in domain‐averaged monthly variations and with CATS data in diurnal variations, respectively. A principal component analysis (PCA) reveals the dominant role of dust transport in regulating AOCH variation, whereas the impact of the boundary layer is less significant. MERRA‐2 and satellite retrievals respectively display zero and 200–1,000 m of diurnal variation of AOCH, highlighting the uniqueness of EPIC AOCH CDR in constraining climate models.
The Contribution of Subtropical Moisture Within an Atmospheric River on Moisture Flux, Cloud Structure, and Precipitation Over the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho Using Moisture Tracers
Authors: Rea Divya , Rauber Robert M. , Hu Huancui , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Nesbitt Steve W. , Jewett Brian F. , Zaremba Troy J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impact of an atmospheric river (AR) on the flux of subtropical moisture across Idaho's Salmon River Mountains and precipitation over the mountains is evaluated using the Weather, Research, and Forecasting model with water vapor tracers (WRF‐WVT). The AR impacted Idaho between 17 and 19 January 2017 during the Seeded and Natural Orographic Wintertime Clouds: The Idaho Experiment (SNOWIE) campaign. WRF‐WVT is configured to isolate the subtropical moisture contribution to the AR, the moisture flux, and precipitation. Subtropical water vapor advected by the AR into Idaho is tagged and tracked in three‐dimensional space throughout the run. This allows the contribution of the subtropical moisture to the vertical distribution of water vapor and the precipitation to be directly calculated. The simulated cloud structure is compared with airborne radar data collected during two SNOWIE intensive operation periods. This study found that more than 70% of the moisture flux and more than 80% of the precipitation across the Idaho Mountains during SNOWIE IOP 4 could be attributed to subtropical moisture within the AR. Nearly all of the moisture flux in the upper cloud and 50% of the moisture in the lower cloud was attributable to the subtropical moisture. The subtropical moisture contribution within the AR to precipitation ranged from 35% in northern Idaho to more than 90% in southern Idaho. Across the entire period of impact of the AR, more than 60% of precipitation in Idaho was attributable to the subtropical moisture within the AR, with this percentage increasing toward the south across the state.
Growth and Evolution of Secondary Volcanic Atmospheres: 2. The Importance of Kinetics
Authors: Liggins Philippa , Jordan Sean , Rimmer Paul B. , Shorttle Oliver 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVolcanism is a major and long‐term source of volatile elements such as C and H to Earth's atmosphere, likely has been to Venus's atmosphere, and may be for exoplanets. Models simulating volcanic growth of atmospheres often make one of two assumptions: either that atmospheric speciation is set by the high‐temperature equilibrium of volcanism or that volcanic gases thermochemically reequilibrate to the new, lower, temperature of the surface environment. In the latter case, it has been suggested that volcanic atmospheres may create biosignature false positives. Here, we test the assumptions underlying such inferences by performing chemical kinetic calculations to estimate the relaxation timescale of volcanically derived atmospheres to thermochemical equilibrium, in a simple 0D atmosphere neglecting photochemistry and reaction catalysis. We demonstrate that for planets with volcanic atmospheres, thermochemical equilibrium over geological timescales can only be assumed if the atmospheric temperature is above ∼700 K. Slow chemical kinetics at lower temperatures inhibit the relaxation of redox‐sensitive species to low‐temperature thermochemical equilibrium, precluding the production of two independent biosignatures through thermochemistry alone: 1. ammonia and 2. the cooccurrence of CO2 and CH4 in an atmosphere in the absence of CO. This supports the use of both biosignatures for detecting life. Quenched at the high temperature of their degassing, volcanic gases also have speciations characteristic of those produced from a more oxidized mantle, if interpreted as being at thermochemical equilibrium. This therefore complicates linking atmospheres to the interiors of rocky exoplanets, even when their atmospheres are purely volcanic in origin.
A Bin and a Bulk Microphysics Scheme Can Be More Alike Than Two Bin Schemes
Authors: Hu Arthur Z. , Igel Adele L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBin and bulk schemes are the two primary methods to parameterize cloud microphysical processes. This study attempts to reveal how their structural differences (size‐resolved vs. moment‐resolved) manifest in terms of cloud and precipitation properties. We use a bulk scheme, the Arbitrary Moment Predictor (AMP), which uses process parameterizations identical to those in a bin scheme but predicts only moments of the size distribution like a bulk scheme. As such, differences between simulations using AMP's bin scheme and simulations using AMP itself must come from their structural differences. In one‐dimensional kinematic simulations, the overall difference between AMP (bulk) and bin schemes is found to be small. Full‐microphysics AMP and bin simulations have similar mean liquid water path (mean percent difference <4%), but AMP simulates significantly lower mean precipitation rate (−35%) than the bin scheme due to slower precipitation onset. Individual processes are also tested. Condensation is represented almost perfectly with AMP, and only small AMP‐bin differences emerge due to nucleation, evaporation, and sedimentation. Collision‐coalescence is the single biggest reason for AMP‐bin divergence. Closer inspection shows that this divergence is primarily a result of autoconversion and not of accretion. In full microphysics simulations, lowering the diameter threshold separating cloud and rain category in AMP from to reduces the largest AMP‐bin difference to ∼10%, making the effect of structural differences between AMP (and perhaps triple‐moment bulk schemes generally) and bin even smaller than the parameterization differences between the two bin schemes.
Tunable interlayer excitons and switchable interlayer trions via dynamic near-field cavity
Authors: Koo Yeonjeong , Lee Hyeongwoo , Ivanova Tatiana , Kefayati Ali , Perebeinos Vasili , Khestanova Ekaterina , Kravtsov Vasily , Park Kyoung-Duck 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmerging photo-induced excitonic processes in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers, e.g., interplay of intra- and inter-layer excitons and conversion of excitons to trions, allow new opportunities for ultrathin hybrid photonic devices. However, with the associated large degree of spatial heterogeneity, understanding and controlling their complex competing interactions in TMD heterobilayers at the nanoscale remains a challenge. Here, we present an all-round dynamic control of interlayer-excitons and -trions in a WSe2/Mo0.5 W0.5 Se2 heterobilayer using multifunctional tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) spectroscopy with <20 nm spatial resolution. Specifically, we demonstrate the bandgap tunable interlayer excitons and the dynamic interconversion between interlayer-trions and -excitons, through the combinational tip-induced engineering of GPa-scale pressure and plasmonic hot electron injection, with simultaneous spectroscopic TEPL measurements. This unique nano-opto-electro-mechanical control approach provides new strategies for developing versatile nano-excitonic/trionic devices using TMD heterobilayers.
Longitudinal changes in neural gain and its relationship to cognitive control trajectory in young adults with early psychosis
Authors: Burgher Bjorn , Scott James , Cocchi Luca , Breakspear Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe mixed cognitive outcomes in early psychosis (EP) have important implications for recovery. In this longitudinal study, we asked whether baseline differences in the cognitive control system (CCS) in EP participants would revert toward a normative trajectory seen in healthy controls (HC). Thirty EP and 30 HC undertook functional MRI at baseline using the multi-source interference task—a paradigm that selectively introduces stimulus conflict—and 19 in each group repeated the task at 12 months. Activation of the left superior parietal cortex normalized over time for the EP group, relative to HC, coincident with improvements in reaction time and social-occupational functioning. To examine these group and timepoint differences, we used dynamic causal modeling to infer changes in effective connectivity between regions underlying the MSIT task execution, namely visual, anterior insula, anterior cingulate, and superior parietal cortical regions. To resolve stimulus conflict, EP participants transitioned from an indirect to a direct neuromodulation of sensory input to the anterior insula over timepoints, though not as strongly as HC participants. Stronger direct nonlinear modulation of the anterior insula by the superior parietal cortex at follow-up was associated with improved task performance. Overall, normalization of the CCS through adoption of more direct processing of complex sensory input to the anterior insula, was observed in EP after 12 months of treatment. Such processing of complex sensory input reflects a computational principle called gain control, which appears to track changes in cognitive trajectory within the EP group.