bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of differential responses to adjuvanted influenza vaccination
Authors: Cruz Cisneros Marta C , Parotti Breantié , Noll Kelsey , Bell Timothy A , Hock Pablo , Heise Mark T , Ferris Martin T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Each year the seasonal influenza vaccine is administered to protect individuals from infection, but vaccination often shows variable efficacy against influenza infections. While the inclusion of adjuvants can boost vaccine efficacy, individuals also vary in their response to adjuvants, and understanding the basis of this variation would provide insights into adjuvant mechanisms and advance vaccine development. Host genetics contribute to variation in vaccine response, but the specific genetic factors that impact immune responses to adjuvanted vaccination are not well understood. To better understand how the genetic background of individuals can modify vaccine and adjuvant-induced immune responses, we screened a set of Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with immunization via inactivated influenza with or without alum. Across these genetically diverse CC strains, we observed wide variation in levels of influenza specific antibodies and isotypes (e.g., IgG1, IgG2). We further focused on two strains, CC002 and CC072, that had contrasting antibody responses to vaccine + alum. To understand the genetic factors driving these responses, we generated an F2 population to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) driving the differences between CC002 and CC072 in vaccine responses. Among the F2 population, variation across antibody levels were observed in mice vaccinated with the vaccine with and without alum that reflected the variation in the parent strains. QTL were mapped for variation in antibody levels for mice vaccinated without alum, further supporting a role for host genetics in regulating vaccine responses. Future analysis will focus on analyzing specific host factors modulating antibody responses to adjuvanted vaccination.
Supported by grants from NIH (U19 AI100625, 5T32 GM007092, 1T32 GM135128, 5R25 GM055336-19) and Burroughs Wellcome Fund GDEP to MCC.
A live-attenuated mutant CVB3 vaccine virus protects against multiple coxsackievirus B infections
Authors: Lasrado Ninaad , Rasquinha Mahima T , Sur Meghna , Gangaplara Arunakumar , Massilamany Chandirasegaran , Arumugam Rajkumar , Steffen David , Reddy Jay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Group B Coxsackieviruses (CVB) contains six serotypes, namely CVB1 through CVB6, affecting various organs. But, no vaccines are currently available to prevent these infections. We recently derived a live attenuated vaccine virus termed mutant (Mt) 10 encoding a single amino acid substitution H790A within the viral protein 1 (VP1) of the CVB3 viral canyon region. This virus could prevent myocarditis and pancreatitis caused by both homologous (CVB3) and heterologous (CVB4) serotypes in A/J mice. Mechanistically, we noted that the vaccine virus induces cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies that skewed towards mainly IgG isotypes. Similarly, by using major histocompatibility complex class II dextramers and tetramers for various VP1 epitopes, we demonstrated that the vaccine recipients develop antigen-specific T cell responses producing preferentially interferon-γ responses. Furthermore, our preliminary studies revealed that the vaccine virus could prevent the progression of diabetes-induced by CVB4 in the non-obese diabetic mice. Together, our data suggest that the Mt10 vaccine can prevent infections caused by multiple CVB serotypes, paving the way for developing monovalent CVB vaccines to prevent heart and pancreatic diseases of enteroviral origin.
This work was supported by The Transformational Grant from the American Heart Association (18TPA34170206)
Control of established, CNS-resident lyssavirus infection by an adaptive immune response stimulated by single-dose monoclonal antibody therapy
Authors: Huaman Celeste , Mastraccio Kate E , Coggins Si’Ana A , Hussain Imran , Yan Lianying , Ahmed Anwar E , Ho Trung , Smith Ina L , Markotter Wanda , Weir Dawn , Laing Eric D , Broder Christopher C , Schaefer Brian C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rabies virus and related lyssaviruses cause uniformly fatal disease, once the infection progresses to the central nervous system. Current lyssavirus immunotherapies are directed toward peripheral neutralization of virus to prevent CNS infection during the pre-symptomatic stage of disease. In this study, using an anti-lyssavirus human monoclonal antibody (mAb), F11, we evaluated the efficacy of immunotherapy on established lyssavirus infections in mice. Remarkably, using luminescence-based longitudinal tracing of virus infection in a mouse model of lethal disease, we found that a single dose of F11 reverses clinical signs of disease and protects animals from lethality following lyssavirus infection, even when administered after initiation of virus replication in the CNS. Investigation of the mechanisms of F11 efficacy revealed that F11-dependent neutralization is insufficient to protect animals from mortality. Control of infection requires an intact adaptive immune response, particularly CD4 T cells. Additionally, in vivo analysis of the F11-N297G mutant, which has defective FcRγ binding, showed a transiently increased viral load and increased morbidity when compared to F11 treated mice. Despite long-term survival and absence of clinical signs of disease in F11-treated animals, we found that lyssavirus infection persists chronically, concomitant with elevated expression of cellular immune response genes. These findings demonstrate that single-dose mAb therapy can stimulate an adaptive, T cell-dependent response that is durable and highly effective against an established CNS infection by a lethal neurotropic virus.
Supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (U01GM109887, R01AI125552), and a USU Program Project Grant (MIC-732515) and a USU Center for Global Health Engagement grant (HU00011920118)
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in breastfeeding infant stool following mother’s COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Stafford Lauren Stewart , Valcarce Vivian , Neu Josef , Mueller Martina , Louis-Jacques Adetola , Vicuna Valeria , Li Nan , Kosik Ivan , Yewdell Jonathan W , Atkinson Mark , Cacho Nicole , Parker Leslie , Cato Emilee , Henry Matthew , Gowen Taylor , Larkin Joseph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In December 2020, efficacious COVID-19 vaccines were approved for use and since, millions have been immunized against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. It is known that administration of the COVID-19 vaccine leads to increased SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in plasma and human milk. While this increase has been studied, the durability, longevity, and efficacy of these antibodies remains unknown. Historically, human milk serves a vital role in providing protection and nutrients to infants, and with COVID-19 vaccines not approved for children under five, immunity and protection from vaccinated mothers is likely a crucial barrier for infant safety. This study aimed at determining how long these antibodies remain in plasma and milk after COVID-19 vaccination, how effective these antibodies are at neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, and if antibodies are detectable in breastfeeding infant stool after mother has been vaccinated. This study found that concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG decrease over 6 months post vaccine, but remain higher than pre-vaccination levels in plasma and milk. Although post-neutralization efficacy decreased over a 6-month period in plasma, using a pseudo-type vaccine neutralization assay, neutralization efficacy in human milk became more robust over the same period. Notably, we found elevated levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG and neutralization within the stool of breastfeeding infants, post COVID vaccination compared to pre-COVID stool. Although further studies will be needed to determine the full extent of this passive immunity, these studies implicate the maternal/infant transfer of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies through human milk subsequent to vaccination.
Supported by Children’s Miracle Network
Cationic liposomes containing a TLR4 agonist promote the efficient development of cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in a subunit vaccine.
Authors: Lathrop Stephanie K , Amin Hardik H , Davison Clara J , Partlow Haley A , Lorentz Elizabeth K , Burkhart David J , Evans Jay T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Subunit vaccines require an adjuvant, as protein antigens alone provoke a very poor immune response. Liposomes can be used to deliver an adjuvant, particularly when it is an amphipathic molecule such as a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist. TLR4 engagement causes the release of cytokines known to skew the immune response towards Th1-mediated cellular immunity, making it attractive for use in viral vaccines. Additionally, liposomes formulated with a TLR4 agonist can be neutral, positive, or negative in charge, further affecting the immune response. We tested the effect of liposome composition and charge on the immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein following vaccination with recombinant Spike trimers and liposomes containing a synthetic TLR4 agonist in mice. Anti-Spike antibody titers were modestly boosted by neutral liposomes, but charged liposomes increased it further. Control groups given liposomes without the TLR4 agonist demonstrated that cationic liposomes alone boosted antibody titers, but gave a strikingly different T cell response. These liposomes evoked a strongly Th2-associated immune profile, with high IgG1 levels and T cells that released IL-5 when stimulated ex vivo. In contrast, the TLR4-stimulating cationic liposomes resulted in high IgG2c levels, along with strong production of IFNγ, some IL-17, and no IL-5 by restimulated T cells. Interestingly, despite similar antibody titers, serum from groups given the TLR4-stimulating liposomes more effectively prevented Spike binding to ACE-2 than that of the control groups in pseudoneutralization assays. These data show a beneficial effect of TLR4-stimulating cationic liposomes on the anti-viral cellular immune response in subunit vaccines.
Supported by a supplement to NIH Adjuvant Discovery Contract 75N93019C00045
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of miRNA-511 and miRNA-16 expressions in adult patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: El Sorady Manal , Elhadidi Abeer , Gallab Omar , Eldabah Nermeen , Elbahoty Mohamed Halaby 
Published: January 2023

Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a neoplastic disease that results from multistep somatic mutations in a single lymphoid progenitor cell. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression, tumor suppression, and oncogenesis.

Aim
To evaluate miRNA-511 and miRNA-16 expression in Egyptian adult patients with B-ALL.

Patients and methods
A total of 37 newly diagnosed adult patients with B-ALL admitted to Alexandria Main University Hospital in 2019 were included. Complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration, immunophenotyping, BCR-ABL testing, karyotyping, miRNA extraction using miRNeasy Mini followed by cDNA synthesis AQ6 (RQ-PCR combines cDNA synthesis from RNA templates using miScript II RT kit), and finally real-time PCR for miRNA-511 and miRNA-16 expression were among the investigations that were conducted.

Results
Mean age of patients with ALL was 30.65 ± 10.39 years, with male to female ratio of 1.4 : 1. Cytogenetic findings showed that only three patients had favorable risk, and the rest were either intermediate risk (19) or high risk (15). Among the high-risk group, there were 11 patients with Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL 190) positive. Regarding the expression of miRNAs, most patients showed overexpression of both miRNA-16 and miRNA-511. MiRNA-511 was overexpressed in 81.1% (30) patients; among these patients, 43.3% (13) had adverse cytogenetic findings. MiRNA-16 was overexpressed in 70.3% (26) of patients, and half of them (13) had adverse cytogenetic findings. receiver operating characteristic curves showed diagnostic significance in B-ALL for miRNA-16, with sensitivity of 75.7% and specificity of 80%, and for miRNA-511, sensitivity was 89.2% and specificity was 90% (P<0.05).

Conclusion
MiRNA-16 and miRNA-511 were significantly overexpressed in adult patients with B-ALL. They have a role in diagnosis but a weak role in patient prognosis.
Platelet glycoprotein VI genetic polymorphism T13254C in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Labib Marina Mounir William , Saadeldin Abeer Attia , El-Farrash Rania Ali , Hassan Mona Fathey Abdelfattah , ElSakhawy Yasmin Nabil , Abou Elwafa Menna Allah Zakaria Mohammad Ali 
Published: January 2023

Background
Neonatal sepsis is a global burden, being a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) affects sepsis at multiple stages of the inflammatory response. The expression of the GPVI receptor is genetically determined, thus influencing the coagulation processes. The authors focused in this study on the role of platelet GPVI genetic polymorphism T13254C (rs1613662) in neonatal sepsis in relation to other risk factors, laboratory tests, sepsis progression, and outcome.

Methods
The authors studied 50 neonates with early-onset sepsis. The authors detected platelet GPVI T13254C polymorphism using the TaqMan allelic discrimination method by the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique.

Results
The results showed that GPVI mutant polymorphic group was associated with higher D-dimer levels (P=0.032). Moreover, septic neonates with mutant homozygous type showed poor survival (P=0.047). However, GPVI mutant polymorphic types were not significantly related to other demographic, laboratory data, and different scoring systems, such as sepsis-induced coagulopathy score, International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis score, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology.

Conclusion
The authors found a relation between platelet GPVI T13254C polymorphism and D-dimer levels, hence suggesting a relation with neonatal sepsis-associated coagulopathy, which might further affect patients’ outcome.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Health-care Workers About Human Milk Banking in Singapore
Authors: Koh Natalie Yi Ting , Chien Chua Mei , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Samuel Rajadurai Victor 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The use of human milk provides substantial short- and long-term benefits. With the establishment of the first donor human milk bank in Singapore, high-risk preterm and critically ill infants whose mothers have an inadequate milk supply can have access to pasteurized donor human milk.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was conducted among doctors and nurses working in the special care unit and neonatal intensive care unit of KK Women's and Children's Hospital. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections, namely, demographics, knowledge assessment, and opinion. The aims of the survey were to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of health-care workers on breast milk donation and milk bank, and to identify any differing perceptions among different racial and ethnic groups.

Results:
A total of 38 doctors and 140 nurses from various racial and religious backgrounds participated in this survey. More than 50% of respondents know the benefits of breast milk over formula milk; however, knowledge of the milk donation process and the effect of pasteurization on donated breast milk can be improved on. In the opinion section, 78.7% of survey respondents were supportive of the human milk bank. Sixty-eight (38.2%) respondents felt that recipients should receive milk from donors of the same race and ethnicity, whereas 56 (31.5%) disagreed and 53 (30%) were neutral.

Conclusion:
Donor human milk banking is well received and supported by health-care workers. Knowledge of milk donation, screening, pasteurization, and storage can be improved on. Further evaluation is required to determine the underlying concerns that different ethnic groups may have.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: A clinical perspective and a brief review
Authors: Patel Gaurav , Bipte Sandip , Narurkar Swati 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign entity of the breast and typically found incidentally or as a palpable mass. It usually affects women in the reproductive age group. In men, it is associated with gynecomastia. While the exact etiology is unknown, PASH is considered hormonally responsive. The mammography and ultrasonography findings are nonspecific. Grossly, PASH is a well-circumscribed, firm, rubbery mass with solid, homogenous, gray–white cut surface. On histologic examination, it is characterized by the presence of open slit-like spaces in dense collagenous stroma. The spindle cells express progesterone receptors and are positive for vimentin, actin, and CD34. PASH lesions should be surgically excised if increasing in size or associated with symptoms, also in cases of suspicious imaging findings or other lesions are synchronously diagnosed that require excision. In other small incidentally detected asymptomatic cases observation with clinicoradiological follow-up can be considered. It is associated with a good prognosis with no increased risk to develop breast cancer. Hence, the operating surgeon and pathologist should be aware of this not so uncommon entity so that patients are not subjected to unnecessary excision and subsequent physical and mental morbidity associated with it. In this article, we present a case report and also provide a brief review of the sparse literature on PASH, discussing clinical presentation, etiology and pathogenesis, radiopathological features, differential diagnosis, and the implications for further patient management and prognosis.
ESTRATEGIAS DE REINSERCIÓN LABORAL PARA PERSONAS EN SITUACIONES DE MENDICIDAD EN LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL, MEDIANTE EL ESTUDIO DE CASOS EXITOSOS
Authors: Quinteros Nathalie , Mora Doménica 
Published: January 2023

Dentro de una sociedad donde buscamos cumplir con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible planteamos estrategias de reinserción laboral para personas en situación de mendicidad habitantes en la ciudad de Guayaquil, mediante el estudio de casos exitosos. Así dar solución al primer ODS, fin de la pobreza. La investigación primaria reveló la complejidad de este trabajo, la colaboración de las empresas es fundamental para el éxito en la aplicación de las estrategias planteadas. Sin embargo, existe la aporofobia que es el rechazo al pobre que impide en muchas circunstancias que las empresas privadas den este paso hacia la reinserción. La metodología design thinking fue pieza clave para este estudio donde no existe guía clara para su resolución. Cada una de sus fases, empezando desde empatizar hasta testear aportaron a la construcción y mejora de las estrategias planteadas. Para la presente investigación fueron necesarias la utilización de investigaciones, entrevistas y encuestas las cuales aportaron a la construcción más completa de las estrategias de reinserción plasmadas en el presente trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios de parte de todos los actores involucrados en el estudio del presente trabajo. Pero se necesita verdadero compromiso para que el modelo funcione. Para concluir plasmamos los beneficios encontrados con la aplicación de este modelo. En primer lugar, la economía de Guayaquil se verá beneficiada porque pasan a ser elementos económicamente activos, la tasa de delincuencia decrecería ya que la pobreza es la principal causa de esta, la imagen empresarial mejora debido a que reportan buenas prácticas de responsabilidad social, la rotación de personal disminuye porque se desarrolla gratitud a la organización, y sobre todo que una persona más está teniendo una vida digna.
ROLE OF NON-CONTRAST MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS OF THE EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID ARTERIES
Authors: Bahomail Ahmed Awadh , Alaghbari Buthaina Saeed Ahmed , Hitham Khaldoon Ali Salem 
Published: January 2023

Formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries is the leading factor of hemodynamic disturbance in the cere-bral arteries. Visualization and characteristic of these plaques are most important factors from the viewpoint of preven-tive treatment- surgical or conservative. The goal of this study was to assess sensitivity and specificity of non-contrast MRA in evaluation and characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the extracranial carotid arteries. Our data was ob-tained from 130 patients: 38 were female (29.2%) and 92-male (70.8%). The middle age is 54.8 years (range 17-78 years). Patients were subjected to 3 diagnosis procedures, namely 85 patients were investigated by Doppler USG & 45 patients by MRA method. All patients underwent selective cerebral arterial angiography by DSA as a gold standard method. From 130 patients 27 patients had no atherosclerotic disease; 57 had bilateral atherosclerotic changes; 46 pa-tients had monolateral carotid atherosclerotic process. From 260 investigated carotid arteries 51 arteries were detected with complete occlusion (22 right and 21 left occlusion), in 4 patients (8 carotid arteries) bilateral occlusion was seen. 54 carotid arteries had severe degree of stenosis. From this stenosis 27 arteries were more than 90%.32 carotid arteries had moderate degree of stenosis. In 23 carotid arteries mild degree was seen, but in a 100 carotid arteries had complete pa-tency. We concluded that complex noninvasive methods- colored Doppler USG and non-contrast MRA distinguished good accuracy (90%) and may be used as an alternative to DSA.
CODE SWITCHING USED BY THE STUDENTS IN EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Authors: Tahang Heriyanti , Shobariah Ahmad  , Rinda Hardianti  , Ruslan Hasyim  , St. Rahmaniah Bahrun  
Published: January 2023

This research aims at finding out the types of code-switching used by the students in the English as a foreign language classroom interaction. The research employed descriptive qualitative research design. The subjects were the students of English language education program. All of them used Papuan Malay language in their daily life but in class they used Indonesian language as mother tongue and English language as target language. The researcher findings that there are five types of code-switching that used by the students in EFL classroom interaction. Those Inter – sentential, Intra – sentential, and tag switching. For each type, the switch frequently used was as a clause, then as a word, and the last was as a sentence. They used them to clarify what they said because they tended to repeat or tried to translate the words again, and another reason was switching the words into the daily language was one of the ways to use to continue speaking. The impact of code-switching on TEFL was extremely beneficial since it may be utilized as a method or tactic in teaching English content, pushing students to talk, evaluating problems, and encouraging students to keep speaking in EFL classroom.