bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in transcriptome during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Liu Jia , Chen Po‐Jung , Mehta Shivam , Dutra Eliane H. , Yadav Sumit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine global changes in gene expression with next generation sequencing (NGS) in order to assess the biological effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone in a rat model.Materials and MethodsThirty‐five Wistar rats (age 14 weeks) were used in the study. The OTM was performed using closed coil Nickel–Titanium spring to apply a mesial force on maxillary first molars of 8–10 g. Three hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the placement of the appliance, rats were killed at each time point respectively. The alveolar bone, around left maxillary first molar, were excised on compression side. The samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent RNA extraction. Total RNA samples were prepared for mRNA sequencing using the Illumina kit. RNA‐Seq reads were aligned to the rat genomes using the STAR Aligner and bioinformatic analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 18 192 genes were determined. Day 1 has the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed with more upregulated than downregulated genes. A total of 2719 DEGs were identified to use as input for the algorithm. Six distinct clusters of temporal patterns were observed representing proteins that were differentially regulated indicating different expression kinetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed distinct clustering by time points and days 3, 7 and 14 share similar gene expression pattern.ConclusionsDistinct gene expression pattern was observed at different time points studied. Hypoxia, inflammation and bone remodelling pathways are major mechanisms behind OTM.
Bleeding and ketorolac use in pediatric circumcision
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Zhou Eric P. , Davis Renee L. , Ouyang Yuxia , Lin Hung‐Mo , Yudkowitz Francine S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCircumcision is a common surgical procedure performed in pediatric male patients. Ketorolac is an effective adjunct in multimodal regimens for postoperative pain control. However, many urologists and anesthesiologists refrain from administering ketorolac due to concern for postoperative bleeding.AimsCompare the risk of clinically significant bleeding after circumcision with and without intraoperative ketorolac administration.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective cohort study was conducted of pediatric patients 1–18 years of age who underwent isolated circumcision by one urologist from 2016 to 2020. Clinically significant bleeding was defined as bleeding requiring intervention within the first 24 h of circumcision. Interventions included use of absorbable hemostats, placement of sutures, or return to the operating room.ResultsOf 743 patients, 314 (42.3%) did not receive ketorolac and 429 (57.7%) received intraoperative ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg. Postoperative bleeding requiring intervention occurred in one patient (0.32%) in the non‐ketorolac group versus four patients (0.93%) in the ketorolac group (difference 0.6%, 95% CI [−0.8%, 2.0%], p = 0.403).ConclusionsThere was no statistically significant difference in postoperative bleeding requiring intervention between the non‐ketorolac and ketorolac groups. Future studies regarding the association between ketorolac and postoperative bleeding are needed.
HSP90.2 modulates 2Q2‐mediated wheat resistance against powdery mildew
Authors: Yan Yan , Guo Yue‐Ting , Chang Chao‐Yan , Li Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Mei‐Qi , Ding Ci‐Hang , Cui Dangqun , Sun Congwei , Ren Yan , Wang Meng‐Lu , Xie Chaojie , Ni Zhongfu , Sun Qixin , Chen Feng , Gou (缑金营) Jin‐Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a critical food crop feeding the world, but pathogens threaten its production. Wheat Heat Shock Protein 90.2 (HSP90.2) is a pathogen‐inducible molecular chaperone folding nascent preproteins. Here, we used wheat HSP90.2 to isolate clients regulated at the posttranslational level. Tetraploid wheat hsp90.2 knockout mutant was susceptible to powdery mildew, while the HSP90.2 overexpression line was resistant, suggesting that HSP90.2 was essential for wheat resistance against powdery mildew. We next isolated 1500 clients of HSP90.2, which contained a wide variety of clients with different biological classifications. We utilized 2Q2, a nucleotide‐binding leucine repeat‐rich protein, as a model to investigate the potential of HSP90.2 interactome in fungal resistance. The transgenic line co‐suppressing 2Q2 was more susceptible to powdery mildew, suggesting 2Q2 as a novel Pm‐resistant gene. The 2Q2 protein resided in chloroplasts, and HSP90.2 played a critical role in the accumulation of 2Q2 in thylakoids. Our data provided over 1500 HSP90.2 clients with a potential regulation at the protein folding process and contributed a nontypical approach to isolate pathogenesis‐related proteins.
New Hybrid Compound Candidate as Photothermal Agent Based on DPP Derivatives and Toluidine Blue: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Yoshinaga Mariana , Rocha Willian R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, the synthesis of a new hybrid compound, candidate as photothermal agent, is proposed, based on TDPP (3,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione) and toluidine blue. Electronic structure calculations at the DFT, TD‐DFT and CCSD level of theories were performed to obtain ground and excited states molecular structures, photophysical properties and absorption spectrum of the hybrid and the starting compounds. Additionally, ADMET calculations were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicity properties of the proposed compound. The results showed that the proposed compound is a strong candidate for photothermal agent since (1) it absorbs close to the near‐infrared region, (2) it has low fluorescence and intersystem crossing rate constants, (3) it has accessible conical intersection with low energy barrier, (4) the compound shows lower toxicity than the well know compound toluidine blue, which is used in photodynamic therapy, (5) the compound does not show carcinogenic potential, and (6) it obeys the Lipinski's rule of five, used as a reference for the design of new pharmaceuticals.
The combination of oral and topical photoprotection with a standardized Polypodium leucotomos extract is beneficial against actinic keratosis
Authors: Pellacani Giovanni , Peris Ketty , Ciardo Silvana , Pezzini Claudia , Tambone Sara , Farnetani Francesca , Longo Caterina , Chello Camilla , González Salvador 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study describes a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled, open‐label study with three arms aimed at studying the differences between: [Cnt], self‐administered sun protection; [T], topical treatment; and [TO], topical + oral treatment; for the management of Actinic Keratosis (AK) in a cohort of subjects of advanced age displaying severe actinic damage (SAD).MethodsTreatments administered to groups [T] and [TO] had a common component, which is a botanical extract, Fernblock, with demonstrated photoprotective activity.ResultsIn total, 131 subjects were distributed randomly in the three groups, and followed up clinically at three separate time points, beginning of the study (t = 0) and after 6 and 12 months. Analysis of clinical data and examination using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed that group [T] and [TO] displayed decreased clinical AK and field cancerization parameters, including the number of new lesions, and reduced the need for additional interventions in these patients. RCM revealed normalization of the keratinocyte layer. Improvements in AK and field cancerization parameters were greatest in the group [TO], suggesting that topical and oral photoprotection improves the clinical and anatomical outcome compared to control conditions.ConclusionsThe combination of topical and oral immune photoprotection provides an advantage compared to topical photoprotection alone.
Matteo Ricci's Depictions of Alexander the Great in Late Ming China☆
Authors: Fu Yaliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article primarily focuses on the origin, the earliest dissemination and the accommodation of European Alexander texts in imperial China by Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552–1610). After providing an overview of the Chinese Alexander traditions, it first examines the sources of inspiration for Ricci's choice of Alexander as the prominent historical figure in his booklet on friendship, and then explores the reason for and implications of Ricci's allegorical translation of Alexander as Lishan 歷山 in Chinese. The remainder of the article analyses the cultural accommodation and literary tradition of each European exemplum of Alexander anthologized in Ricci's writings, from Jiaoyou Lun 交友論 (Treatise on Friendship) to Jiren Shipian 畸人十篇 (Ten Discourses of the Man of Paradox). The article shows that all Ricci's accounts of Alexander are mainly derived from the European Medieval and Renaissance Alexander tradition and were adapted in China by the strategy of cultural accommodation.
Spatial bootstrapped microeconometrics: Forecasting for out‐of‐sample geo‐locations in big data
Authors: Kopczewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpatial econometric models estimated on the big geo‐located point data have at least two problems: limited computational capabilities and inefficient forecasting for the new out‐of‐sample geo‐points. This is because of spatial weights matrixWdefined for in‐sample observations only and the computational complexity. Machine learning models suffer the same when using kriging for predictions; thus this problem still remains unsolved. The paper presents a novel methodology for estimating spatial models on big data and predicting in new locations. The approach uses bootstrap and tessellation to calibrate both model and space. The best bootstrapped model is selected with the PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) algorithm by classifying the regression coefficients jointly in a nonindependent manner. Voronoi polygons for the geo‐points used in the best model allow for a representative space division. New out‐of‐sample points are assigned to tessellation tiles and linked to the spatial weights matrix as a replacement for an original point what makes feasible usage of calibrated spatial models as a forecasting tool for new locations. There is no trade‐off between forecast quality and computational efficiency in this approach. An empirical example illustrates a model for business locations and firms' profitability.
Experimental Study of Turbulent Wake Flow Around Trapezoidal Cylinders With Varying Streamwise Aspect Ratios
Authors: Kang Jinhao , Tachie Mark F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of streamwise aspect ratio (AR) on the asymmetric wake flow over and behind right-angled trapezoidal cylinders with AR (= upper cylinder length to height ratio) = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were investigated using particle image velocimetry. The Reynolds number based on the freestream velocity and cylinder height was 14700. The flow characteristics are examined in terms of the mean velocity flow, Reynolds stresses, probability density function (PDF), and two-point correlations. The results show that the primary vortex in the AR1 and AR2 trapezoidal cases extends into the wake region but is confined to the surface of the longer cases and two asymmetrical wake vortexes are only observed in the longer cases. Dual peaks of elevated streamwise Reynolds stresses are observed in the wake region, regardless of the aspect ratios. The magnitudes of the Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy are higher in the shorter cases (AR1, AR2, and AR3 cases) compared to the longer cases. The PDF distributions show a bimodal asymmetrical shape in the shorter cases but a nearly Gaussian distribution in the AR5 case. Two-point autocorrelations of the streamwise and vertical velocity fluctuations revealed that the spatial coherency of the turbulent structures is highly sensitive to the streamwise aspect ratio and reference locations. Systematic comparison between the present asymmetric results and symmetric wakes generated by rectangular cylinders with similar aspect ratios and Reynolds number shows significant differences between the asymmetric and symmetric wakes, especially at smaller aspect ratios.
Experimental Study on Gas–Liquid Performance and Prediction of Shaft Power and Efficiency by Dimensionless Coefficients in a Multistage Electrical Submersible Pump
Authors: Chang Liang , Xu Qiang , Yang Chenyu , Su Xiaobin , Dai Xiaoyu , Guo Liejin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrical submersible pumps (ESPs) widely used in oil-gas artificial lift consume a lot of electric energy in long-term operation. This paper mainly focuses on the gas–liquid performance and predicting shaft power and efficiency of a 25-stage ESP. First, the calculation methods of two-phase hydraulic parameters and corresponding dimensionless hydraulic coefficients based on isothermal compression are proposed. Ignoring the gas compressibility will result in large errors in calculating two-phase hydraulic parameters. Then, the effects of liquid flowrate, inlet gas volume fraction, and rotational speed on head, shaft power, and efficiency are analyzed. The severe two-phase head degradation disappears in downstream stages of the ESP because of the decreasing interstage gas volume fraction. Similar to the head, the shaft power and efficiency decrease slowly at first, then rapidly, and finally slowly with the increase of inlet gas volume fraction. Finally, correlations are proposed for predicting the shaft power and efficiency by the dimensionless head and flow coefficients. There is a power function relation between two-phase head coefficient and efficiency. Thus, through the pump head which can be easily acquired by differential pressure signals in pipeline, prediction correlations for shaft power and efficiency are established with the relative errors lower than 10%. The prediction method based on two-phase dimensionless coefficients can also be referenced to ESPs with different types.
Flow Control Around a Cylinder With a Perforated Cylinder
Authors: Canpolat Cetin , Hamzah Hudhaifa , Sahin Besir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, periodic vortex shedding at both sides of a circular cylinder is aimed to be suppressed using a concentrically located perforated cylinder under laminar flow conditions at Re = 200. A code is developed in comsolmultiphysics, 5.3a, and validated using the outcomes of ansysfluent, and previous studies in the open literature, which exhibit a good agreement. In this study, the porosity, β is varied within 0.5 ≤ β ≤ 0.9, and the gap ratio, D/d is varied within 1.5 ≤ D/d ≤ 3.5. The results of the present numerical investigation are evaluated using instantaneous and time-averaged vorticity, streamwise, and transverse components of the velocity and pressure. The drag, CD and lift, CL coefficients are calculated. The Strouhal number, St from the pointwise spectral analysis of the streamwise velocity component is plotted for various cases. It is observed that porosity, β has a dominant effect rather than the gap ratio, D/d on the flow past a solid cylinder. The low-velocity and low-pressure regions are getting large in the transverse direction as the porosity, β increases. The separated layers from solid and perforated cylinders merge for low gap ratios, D/d. However, individual movement of these layers is evident for larger gap ratios, D/d with low porosity, β values. A perfect suppression of the periodicity of vortex shedding is obtained for the cases of D/d = 3.5 with β = 0.5, 0.6, and D/d = 3 with β = 0.5.
Unsteady Simulation and Analysis of Energy Loss Mechanism of a Vertical Volute Pump Under Stall Conditions
Authors: Zhang Chenying , Pei Ji , Wang Wenjie , Yuan Shouqi , Gan Xingcheng , Huang Congbing , Chen Jia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study comprehensively investigates the flow features and energy loss mechanisms under stall conditions based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and hydraulic loss visualization techniques. The three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier– Stokes (URANS) equations were solved using the shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. Furthermore, the entire flow domain of the vertical volute pump was considered to capture the boundary flow behavior accurately. The results illustrate that the critical stall condition occurs at 0.7Qd, where the H–Q curve exhibits a positive slope, and the deep stall condition occurs at 0.65Qd. The growth rate of energy loss from critical stall to deep stall is 182.2%. In the stall condition, a secondary vortex appears at the impeller inlet. A high energy loss occurs at the suction side and trailing edge in the impeller caused by the reduction in the effective inflow area. The energy loss in the blade suction side guide vane is primarily due to the friction loss under the critical stall condition. By contrast, under the deep stall condition, the energy loss in the outlet of the guide vane is mainly the impact loss from the volute of the rear gunner. The impact effect can result in high energy losses near the volute tongue. The entropy production analysis demonstrates that the hydraulic losses in the diffuser are literately greater than that in the impeller and inlet pipe. Hence, optimization of such components can be taken into consideration in future works for performance improvement.
Experimental Study of The Pressure-Time Method With Potential Application for Low-Head Hydropower
Authors: Neyestanaki Mehrdad Kalantar , Dunca Georgiana , Jonsson Pontus , Cervantes Michel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe pressure-time method allows measuring the flowrate in hydraulic turbines, according to IEC 60041 standard. According to this standard, the applicability of the pressure-time method is limited to a straight pipe with a constant cross section with specific limits for length and velocity. However, low-head hydropower plants usually have an intake with a variable cross section and short length making this method difficult to be applied. In this paper, a test rig has been developed to extend the method's applicability. The test rig is designed for developing flows condition and small measurement lengths for pipes with constant and variable cross section, which could be similar to low-head turbine conditions. For pipe with constant cross section, three measuring lengths of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m can be obtained on this test rig to study the pressure-time method. For pipe with variable cross section, the method is applied across a concentric reducer with a length of 255 mm, i.e., a 9.46 deg reducing angle. Different flow assumptions for estimation of the head loss and dynamic pressure variation are considered to compare the accuracy of discharge measurement. The results showed that the quasi-steady assumption for friction factor and kinetic energy, along with friction factor correction, increases the method accuracy up to 0.4% compared with the current standard recommendations. Moreover, the Monte Carlo method (MCM) is applied to estimate the transient measurement uncertainty and compared with the Taylor series method (TSM).
Characterization of Two-Phase Wakes in an Upward Adiabatic Liquid-Gas Flow Around a Cylinder
Authors: Kim Dohwan , Rau Matthew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo-phase wakes generated from a cylinder in a crossflow were experimentally studied. A water–air mixture traveled through a vertical water channel with a rectangular cross section, in which a cylinder was installed horizontally. Liquid Reynolds numbers, based on a cylinder diameter of 9.5 mm, were varied from Re = 100 to 3,000; the air superficial velocities were varied from jg = 0.06 m/s to 0.60 m/s; and mean bubble diameters were varied from 0.48 mm to 3.5 mm. Void fraction distribution in the wake of the cylinder was determined from high-speed visualizations, where a correlation was applied to the shadow fraction measurements to account for overlapping bubble images. It divided the wakes into a liquid-phase region with a low void fraction relative to its freestream condition (α/α∞&lt;1/2) and a bubble-trapping region with a relatively high void fraction (α/α∞&gt;2). The liquid-phase region occurred in all flow conditions, but its length decreased with increasing Reynolds number. In contrast, the bubble-trapping region occurred only at relatively high Reynolds numbers depending on the bubble size and air superficial velocity. Transitional bubble-trapping behavior was identified at Re = 1,200 for the 3.5 mm bubbles, where bubble trapping only occurred at low air superficial velocities. Once the bubble-trapping region developed sufficiently, the location of the maximum void fraction was consistently located at y/D = 1.3–1.5 downstream from the center of the cylinder.
Elastic–Plastic Properties of Mesoscale Electrodeposited LIGA Nickel Alloy Films: Analysis of Measurement Uncertainties
Authors: Liew Li-Anne , Read David T. , Martin May L. , Bradley Peter E. , Geaney John T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
It is well documented that the microstructure and properties of electrodeposited films, such as lithographie, galvanoformung, abformung (LIGA) Ni and its alloys, are highly sensitive to processing conditions hence the literature shows large discrepancies in mechanical properties, even for similar alloys. Given this expected material variability as well as the experimental challenges with small-scale mechanical testing, measurement uncertainties are needed for property values to be applied appropriately, and yet are uncommon in micro- and mesoscale tensile testing studies. In a separate paper, we reported the elastic–plastic properties of 200 μm-thick freestanding films of LIGA-fabricated nanocrystalline Ni-10%Fe and microcrystalline Ni-10%Co, with specimen gauge widths ranging from 75 μm to 700 μm, and tensile tested at strain rates 0.001 s−1 and 1 s−1. The loads were applied by commercial miniature and benchtop load frames, and strain was measured by digital image correlation. In this paper, we examine the measurement uncertainties in the ultimate tensile strength, apparent Young's modulus, 0.2% offset yield strength, and strain hardening parameters, and compare them to the standard deviations. For several of these properties, the standard deviation cannot be interpreted as the statistical scatter because the measurement uncertainty was larger. Microplasticity affects the measurement of the Young's modulus, thus we recommended measuring the modulus after specimens have been cyclically loaded. These measurement uncertainty issues might be relevant to similar works on small-scale tensile testing and might help the reader to interpret the discrepancies in literature values of mechanical properties for LIGA and electrodeposited films.