bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling variables and their thresholds for the precise estimation of wild felid population density with camera traps and spatial capture–recapture methods
Authors: Palmero Stefano , Premier Joe , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Monterroso Pedro , Heurich Marco 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Robust monitoring, providing information on population status, is fundamental for successful conservation planning. However, this can be hard to achieve for species that are elusive and occur at low densities, such as felids. These are often keystones of functioning ecosystems and are threatened by habitat loss and human persecution.

When elusive species can be individually identified by visible characteristics, for example via camera‐trapping, observations of individuals can be used in combination with capture–recapture methods to calculate demographic parameters such as population density. In this context, spatial capture–recapture (SCR) outperforms conventional non‐spatial methods, but the precision of results is inherently related to the sampling design, which should therefore be optimised.

We focussed on territorial felids in different habitats and investigated how the sampling designs implemented in the field affected the precision of population density estimates. We examined 137 studies that combined camera‐trapping and SCR methods for density estimation. From these, we collected spatiotemporal parameters of their sampling designs, monitoring results, such as the number of individuals captured and the number of recaptures, as well as SCR detection parameters. We applied generalised linear mixed‐effects models and tree‐based regression methods to investigate the influence of variables on the precision of population density estimates and provide numerical thresholds.

Our analysis shows that the number of individuals, recapture frequency, and capture probability play the most crucial roles. Surveys yielding over 20 captured individuals that were recaptured on average at least once obtain the most precise population density estimates.

Based on our findings, we provide practical guidelines for future SCR studies that apply to all territorial felids. Furthermore, we present a standardised reporting protocol for study transparency and comparability. Our results will improve reporting and reproducibility of SCR studies and aid in setting up optimised sampling designs.
Maternal COVID vaccination and breastfeeding during a pandemic: Habitus and health behavior decision making
Authors: Weston Karry , Bullock Linda , Hsu Albert L. , Wan XiuFeng (Henry) , Burnam‐Cole Megan , Everett Kevin D. , McElroy Jane A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the influence of habitus on women's health behavior regarding breastfeeding and subsequent COVID‐19 vaccination.DesignA qualitative descriptive design, guided by Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus.SampleEighteen women who were postpartum, breastfeeding, and vaccinated against COVID‐ 19 either during pregnancy or while breastfeeding postpartum.MeasuresIndividual semi‐structured interviews.ResultsTwo major themes shaped participants’ habitus: health‐focused knowledge, and attitudes and beliefs. Attitudes and beliefs included five subthemes: (1) exposure/acceptance/expectations from family, (2) community acceptance of breastfeeding and COVID‐19 vaccination, (3) socioeconomic status, (4) easily accessed support, and (5) outside experiences and exposure.DiscussionAn individual's habitus impacts one's knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and interacts with past behaviors when discussing options for infant feeding and health promoting behaviors such as vaccinations. A better understanding of how health care providers assess and utilize habitus in clinical management is needed.
Questionnaire survey of satisfaction with medication for five symptom domains of dementia with Lewy bodies among patients, their caregivers, and their attending physicians
Authors: Toya Shunji , Manabe Yuta , Hashimoto Mamoru , Yamakage Hajime , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe real‐world status of satisfaction with medication for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has not been elucidated. We assessed the satisfaction of patients with DLB, their caregivers, and their attending physicians (trios) with medication according to the clinical symptom domains of DLB.MethodsThis was a subanalysis of a cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based, survey study of trios. The subanalysis set comprised analysis populations for cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, psychiatric symptoms, sleep‐related disorders, and autonomic dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, constipation, and dysuria). These analysis populations included trios of patients who had any symptom domain and took medication for each symptom domain, and for which all trio data on satisfaction with medication for the symptom domain were available. The degrees of satisfaction with medication were classified as ‘satisfied’, ‘neutral’, or ‘dissatisfied’.ResultsThe analysis set for this study included 110 trios for cognitive impairment, 62 for parkinsonism, 47 for psychiatric symptoms, 29 for sleep‐related disorders, none for orthostatic hypotension, 11 for constipation, and seven for dysuria. There were no statistically significant differences in the degree of satisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria between patients–caregivers, patients–physicians, and caregivers–physicians. Regarding satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, significantly more physicians than patients answered ‘satisfied’ (75.8% vs. 51.6%), and significantly more patients than physicians answered ‘neutral’ (35.5% vs. 14.5%) (P = 0.013). Regarding satisfaction with medication for dysuria, significantly more caregivers than physicians answered ‘satisfied’ (100% vs. 28.6%, P = 0.038).ConclusionsSatisfaction with medication for symptom domains other than parkinsonism and dysuria was similar among trios. Our results suggest that physicians should pay more attention to patients' satisfaction with medication for parkinsonism, and to caregivers' satisfaction with medication for dysuria to help prevent undermedication.
Manure application followed by biochar application increases plant production regardless of soil dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Dvořáčková H. , Dvořáček J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiochar is obtained by the pyrolysis of biomass, and contains abundant carbon and minerals. Biochar supplementation of soils can greatly improve soil health and quality, but these beneficial effects typically develop slowly over time. Depending on the quality of the biochar and the soil to which it is applied, it may take years before positive effects are apparent. This is because organic substances are slowly sorbed onto the biochar over time, and the biochar eventually becomes part of the sorption complex of the soil. It is therefore advisable to apply biochar together with some organic material. We examined the effect of co‐application of different doses of biochar with manure on soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA), soil oxidizable carbon (COX), cumulative soil respiration, soil buffering capacity, the soil exchange reaction (pH/KCl) and the production yield of winter rape seeds. We also determined seed production when artificial granular fertilizers were added to biochar and manure. The results showed that the application of biochar and manure significantly increased grain yield, DHA, the soil exchange reaction and cumulative respiration. Thus, application of biochar with organic material can increase seed yield and some properties of agricultural soils. However, the positive effect of biochar on seed yield was not directly proportional to biochar dose, in that the seed yield was lower for a biochar dose of 45 t/ha than 30 t/ha.
Predictable time preservation on passive continental margins revealed from forward stratigraphic models
Authors: Baumgardner Sarah E. , Madof Andrew S. , Harris Ashley D. , Kahn Alicia C. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough the majority of the world's sedimentary basins are located along passive continental margins, the link between their stratigraphy and time architecture has not been fully investigated in three dimensions. Here, using a 3D numerical forward stratigraphic model, we report a previously unidentified trend: an increase in temporal completeness from the shelf to the upper slope and a reduction towards the basin floor. Sedimentation rates from our results are consistent with those measured from a global dataset; our results are also consistent with a chronostratigraphically well‐constrained subsurface example: the Eocene of the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. Because our results reproduce both globally and locally observed time‐preservation trends, we suggest the use of such models to inform time architecture in the context of surface and subsurface accumulations. Applying these concepts will not only provide a spatiotemporal framework for passive‐margin settings but will provide a more complete understanding of the inherently incomplete geological record.
Multiplicative functions in short arithmetic progressions
Authors: Klurman Oleksiy , Mangerel Alexander P. , Teräväinen Joni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study for bounded multiplicative functions sums of the form
establishing that their variance over residue classes is small as soon as , for almost all moduli , with a nearly power‐saving exceptional set of . This improves and generalizes previous results of Hooley on Barban–Davenport–Halberstam type theorems for such , and moreover our exceptional set is essentially optimal unless one is able to make progress on certain well‐known conjectures. We are nevertheless able to prove stronger bounds for the number of the exceptional moduli in the cases where is restricted to be either smooth or prime, and conditionally on GRH we show that our variance estimate is valid for every . These results are special cases of a “hybrid result” that we establish that works for sums of over almost all short intervals and arithmetic progressions simultaneously, thus generalizing the Matomäki–Radziwiłł theorem on multiplicative functions in short intervals. We also consider the maximal deviation of over all residue classes in the square root range , and show that it is small for “smooth‐supported” , again apart from a nearly power‐saving set of exceptional , thus providing a smaller exceptional set than what follows from Bombieri–Vinogradov type theorems. As an application of our methods, we consider Linnik‐type problems for products of exactly three primes, and in particular prove a ternary approximation to a conjecture of Erdős on representing every element of the multiplicative group as the product of two primes less than .
Comprehensive Aerothermal Investigation of Turbine Blade Multicavity Squealer Tip Using a Novel Methodology With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Huang Ming , Zhang Kaiyuan , Li Zhigang , Li Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ascertaining the uncertainty in the aerothermal performance of blade tips is crucial, as it represents the most delicate component of modern gas turbines. In this research article, a novel and efficient approach is proposed for quantifying uncertainties in aerothermal performance using a combination of universal kriging, polynomial chaos expansions, and Smolyak sparse grid technology. This method was applied to investigate the aerothermal performance of a high-pressure gas turbine rotor blade tip with high-dimensional robustness. The outcomes of the uncertainty quantification calculation reveal that the downstream total pressure loss coefficient and leakage flowrate increase under normal-speed (subsonic) and high-speed (transonic) conditions. The key uncertainty input that affects the aerodynamic performance of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip is inlet total pressure fluctuation, with a variance index on the leakage flowrate of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip of up to 73.92 and 83.85%, respectively. The study suggests that it is more important to control the operating conditions fluctuation than the cavity depth machining accuracy for aerodynamic performance robustness, which applies to both normal-speed and high-speed squealer tips. In line with the aerodynamic performance, the heat flux of normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip increases during operation. Notably, the sensitivity of high-speed squealer tip aerodynamic performance to operating condition fluctuations increases compared to the normal-speed squealer tip, necessitating active intervention for fluctuations in operating conditions at a higher cost for the high-speed squealer tip. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the inlet total temperature fluctuation is the key parameter that controls the normal-speed and high-speed squealer tip heat flux uncertainty. Finally, it is worth noting that while the use of ribs can effectively enhance the robustness of blade tip heat transfer performance, the heat flux near the root of the ribs fluctuates significantly, which may further increase the thermal fatigue tendency in this region during actual operation.
Girls With Game: Sport and Community Development Strategies
Authors: Buenaño Andrea L. , Warner Stacy 
Published: June 2023

This case focuses on the Little League Softball World Series and the potential interest and growth of youth softball. The case outlines current trends and highlights potential opportunities to grow the game after a 2020 decision to move the Little League Softball World Series from Portland, Oregon, where it had been hosted for over 25 years, to Greenville, North Carolina. This case challenges students to (a) examine how sports organizations must be intentional about growing a sport, (b) develop new solutions to involve the local community, and (c) find new and effective ways to promote a girls’ sport (and an international event at the local level) in a manner that advances women in sport. It is intended for use in strategic management, event management, and/or contemporary sport issue courses. The case provides instructors with the opportunity to highlight the importance of advancing diversity in youth sport, with an emphasis on community impact, and effective strategies to promote women in sport.
Redefining pleiotropic drug resistance in a pathogenic yeast: Pdr1 functions as a sensor of cellular stresses in
Candida glabrata
Authors: Gale Andrew N. , Pavesic Matthew W. , Nickels Timothy J. , Xu Zhuwei , Cormack Brendan P. , Cunningham Kyle W. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Candida glabrata
is a prominent opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The increasing incidence of
C. glabrata
infections is attributed to both innate and acquired resistance to antifungals. Previous studies suggest the transcription factor Pdr1 and several target genes encoding ABC transporters are critical elements of pleiotropic defense against azoles and other antifungals. This study utilizes
Hermes
transposon insertion profiling to investigate Pdr1-independent and Pdr1-dependent mechanisms that alter susceptibility to the frontline antifungal fluconazole. Several new genes were found to alter fluconazole susceptibility independent of Pdr1 (
CYB5
,
SSK1
,
SSK2
,
HOG1
,
TRP1
). A bZIP transcription repressor of mitochondrial function (
CIN5
) positively regulated Pdr1 while hundreds of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were confirmed as negative regulators of Pdr1. The antibiotic oligomycin activated Pdr1 and antagonized fluconazole efficacy likely by interfering with mitochondrial processes in
C. glabrata
. Unexpectedly, disruption of many 60S ribosomal proteins also activated Pdr1, thus mimicking the effects of the mRNA translation inhibitors. Cycloheximide failed to fully activate Pdr1 in a cycloheximide-resistant Rpl28-Q38E mutant. Similarly, fluconazole failed to fully activate Pdr1 in a strain expressing a low-affinity variant of Erg11. Fluconazole activated Pdr1 with very slow kinetics that correlated with the delayed onset of cellular stress. These findings are inconsistent with the idea that Pdr1 directly senses xenobiotics and support an alternative hypothesis where Pdr1 senses cellular stresses that arise only after engagement of xenobiotics with their targets.

IMPORTANCE

Candida glabrata
is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast that causes discomfort and death. Its incidence has been increasing because of natural defenses to our common antifungal medications. This study explores the entire genome for impacts on resistance to fluconazole. We find several new and unexpected genes can impact susceptibility to fluconazole. Several antibiotics can also alter the efficacy of fluconazole. Most importantly, we find that Pdr1—a key determinant of fluconazole resistance—is not regulated directly through binding of fluconazole and instead is regulated indirectly by sensing the cellular stresses caused by fluconazole blockage of sterol biosynthesis. This new understanding of drug resistance mechanisms could improve the outcomes of current antifungals and accelerate the development of novel therapeutics.
Identification of distinct impacts of CovS inactivation on the transcriptome of acapsular group A streptococci
Authors: DebRoy Sruti , Shropshire William C. , Vega Luis , Tran Chau , Horstmann Nicola , Mukherjee Piyali , Selvaraj-Anand Selvalakshmi , Tran Truc T. , Bremer Jordan , Gohel Marc , Arias Cesar A. , Flores Anthony R. , Shelburne Samuel A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Group A streptococcal (GAS) strains causing severe, invasive infections often have mutations in the control of virulence two-component regulatory system (CovRS) which represses capsule production, and high-level capsule production is considered critical to the GAS hypervirulent phenotype. Additionally, based on studies in
emm1
GAS, hyperencapsulation is thought to limit transmission of CovRS-mutated strains by reducing GAS adherence to mucosal surfaces. It has recently been identified that about 30% of invasive GAS strains lacks capsule, but there are limited data regarding the impact of CovS inactivation in such acapsular strains. Using publicly available complete genomes (
n
= 2,455) of invasive GAS strains, we identified similar rates of CovRS inactivation and limited evidence for transmission of CovRS-mutated isolates for both encapsulated and acapsular
emm
types. Relative to encapsulated GAS, CovS transcriptomes of the prevalent acapsular
emm
types
emm28
,
emm87
, and
emm89
revealed unique impacts such as increased transcript levels of genes in the
emm
/mga region along with decreased transcript levels of pilus operon-encoding genes and the streptokinase-encoding gene
ska
. CovS inactivation in
emm87
and
emm89
strains, but not
emm28
, increased GAS survival in human blood. Moreover, CovS inactivation in acapsular GAS reduced adherence to host epithelial cells. These data suggest that the hypervirulence induced by CovS inactivation in acapsular GAS follows distinct pathways from the better studied encapsulated strains and that factors other than hyperencapsulation may account for the lack of transmission of CovRS-mutated strains.

IMPORTANCE

Devastating infections due to group A streptococci (GAS) tend to occur sporadically and are often caused by strains that contain mutations in the control of virulence regulatory system (CovRS). In well-studied
emm1
GAS, the increased production of capsule induced by CovRS mutation is considered key to both hypervirulence and limited transmissibility by interfering with proteins that mediate attachment to eukaryotic cells. Herein, we show that the rates of covRS mutations and genetic clustering of CovRS-mutated isolates are independent of capsule status. Moreover, we found that CovS inactivation in multiple acapsular GAS
emm
types results in dramatically altered transcript levels of a diverse array of cell-surface protein-encoding genes and a unique transcriptome relative to encapsulated GAS. These data provide new insights into how a major human pathogen achieves hypervirulence and indicate that factors other than hyperencapsulation likely account for the sporadic nature of the severe GAS disease.
Development of a Reproducible and Scalable Method for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Novikova D. S. , Darwish F. , Grigoreva T. A. , Tribulovich V. G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A reproducible and scalable method has been developed for the synthesis of a series of 3,6-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, which are the basis for the rational design of selective inhibitors of AMP-activated protein kinase. Regarding the formation of new types of the carbon skeleton, the applicability of the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using the Buchwald ligands to form C–C bond in the sterically hindered position 6 of 5,7-dimethyl-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine has been shown.
Simple Access to Isoxazole-Containing Heterocyclic Hybrids: Isoxazole/Oxazole and Isoxazole/Pyridine
Authors: Taishev A. E. , Galenko E. E. , Novikov M. S. , Khlebnikov A. F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The synthesis of substituted isoxazole–oxazole hybrids by the noncatalytic reaction of methyl 2-diazo-2-(alkyl/aryl/hetarylisoxazol-5-yl)acetates with alkyl and aryl cyanides has been reported. According to DFT calculations, the reaction proceeds through the intermediate formation of a nitrile ylide and its subsequent cyclization at the carbonyl oxygen. The reaction of acrylonitrile with methyl 2-diazo-2-(isoxazol-5-yl)acetate proceeds quite differently and leads to a mixture of the cis and trans isomers of cyclopropanes, which, according to DFT calculations, are formed by the cycloaddition of a diazo-derived carbene to the C=C bond of acrylonitrile. The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of the 5-alkoxyoxazole moiety of isoxazole–oxazole hybrids makes it possible to obtain isoxazole–pyridine hybrids, albeit in low yield.
Novel usage of everolimus-eluting coronary stent for intracranial atherosclerotic disease: a technical report and case series
Authors: Coulibaly Nangorgo Jean Oumar , Ernst Griffin L , Shallwani Hussain , Hawkins Beau , Baber Usman , Shakir Hakeem J 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis report describes the use of an Everolimus-eluting stent (Xience Skypoint stent) for the treatment of medically-refractory ICAD.DesignRetrospective, case-seriesSettingIn-hospital patientsParticipantsAll patients in this report had a history of stroke secondary to ICAD. All patients failed aggressive medical treatments and had recurrence of symptoms despite anticoagulation or dual-antiplatelet therapy plus a statin. Diagnostic angiogram in each case showed severe vessel stenosis, therefore patients were recommended for intracranial artery stenting.Main outcome measuresTechnical feasibility of deploying Xience Skypoint stent for treatmet of ICAD.ResultsThe Xience Skypoint stent was safely and effectively deployed in the vertebral artery (x1) and the internal carotid artery (x2) using trans-ulnar (x1), trans-radial (x1), and trans-femoral (x1) approaches without the use of an intermediate catheter.ConclusionSecond-generation EES such as Xience Skypoint may be utilized for treatment of medically-refractory ICAD. This technical report serves as a proof of concept for further studies analysing long-term safety and efficacy of such stents for treatment of ICAD.