bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress and challenges in the treatment of spinal cord injury
Authors: Tian Ting , Zhang Sensen , Yang Maojun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the structural and functional connectivity between the higher center and the spinal cord, resulting in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction with a variety of complications. The pathophysiology of SCI is complicated and multifaceted, and thus individual treatments acting on a specific aspect or process are inadequate to elicit neuronal regeneration and functional recovery after SCI. Combinatory strategies targeting multiple aspects of SCI pathology have achieved greater beneficial effects than individual therapy alone. Although many problems and challenges remain, the encouraging outcomes that have been achieved in preclinical models offer a promising foothold for the development of novel clinical strategies to treat SCI. In this review, we characterize the mechanisms underlying axon regeneration of adult neurons and summarize recent advances in facilitating functional recovery following SCI at both the acute and chronic stages. In addition, we analyze the current status, remaining problems, and realistic challenges towards clinical translation. Finally, we consider the future of SCI treatment and provide insights into how to narrow the translational gap that currently exists between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Going forward, clinical trials should emphasize multidisciplinary conversation and cooperation to identify optimal combinatorial approaches to maximize therapeutic benefit in humans with SCI.
Designing Securities for Scrutiny
Authors: Daley Brendan , Green Brett , Vanasco Victoria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effect of scrutiny (e.g., credit ratings, analyst reports, or mandatory disclosures) on the security design problem of a privately informed issuer. We show that scrutiny has important implications for both the form of security designed and the amount of inefficient retention of cash flows. The model predicts that issuers will design informationally sensitive securities (i.e., levered equity) when scrutiny is sufficiently intense. Otherwise, issuers opt for a standard debt contract. Scrutiny increases efficiency by decreasing issuers’ reliance on retention to signal quality and, perhaps counterintuitively, decrease price informativeness.
Fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in a nationwide setting
Authors: Bieber Amir , Brikman Shay , Novack Lena , Abuhasira Ran , Fawaz Abdallah , Abu-Shakra Mahmoud , Zeller Lior , Ling Eduard , Mader Reuven , Sagy Iftach 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations wanes due to immune evasion by the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant and diminished antibody titres over time. We aimed to evaluate the benefit of a fourth vaccination dose in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs).

Methods
This retrospective analysis included ARD patients aged 18 years or older and members of Clalit Health Services in Israel (which at the time of the study insured 52% of the entire population), and covered the period from 16 January 2022 to 31 March 2022, when the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant was Omicron. We compared patients without previous COVID-19 infection who had received three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (the control group) with those who had received the fourth dose. The primary outcome was COVID-19 infection, which was analysed using multivariate Cox regression in the entire cohort and within ARD subgroups. Secondary outcomes were COVID-19–related hospitalizations and COVID-19–related death.

Results
We included 43 748 ARD patients, of whom 27 766 and 15 982 were in the control and fourth vaccination groups, respectively. COVID-19 infection occurred in 6942 (25.0%) of the control group and 1754 (11.0%) of the fourth dose group (P &lt; 0.001). Patients vaccinated with the fourth dose had a lower risk of COVID-19 infection than the entire cohort [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.52, 0.58] and throughout every subgroup regardless of the baseline characteristic or medical treatment, except for rituximab. A similar association was observed for risk of COVID-19–related hospitalization (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22, 0.61) and of COVID-19–related death (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.71).

Conclusion
A fourth BNT162b2 vaccination of ARD patients was associated with favourable outcomes compared with three doses among patients with no history of COVID-19 infection.
Speech-Encoding Deficits in Neonates Born Large-for-Gestational Age as Revealed With the Envelope Frequency-Following Response
Authors: Ribas-Prats Teresa , Arenillas-Alcón Sonia , Pérez-Cruz Míriam , Costa-Faidella Jordi , Gómez-Roig Maria Dolores , Escera Carles 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
The present envelope frequency-following response (FFRENV) study aimed at characterizing the neural encoding of the fundamental frequency of speech sounds in neonates born at the higher end of the birth weight continuum (>90th percentile), known as large-for-gestational age (LGA).

Design:
Twenty-five LGA newborns were recruited from the maternity unit of Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Children’s Hospital and paired by age and sex with 25 babies born adequate-for-gestational age (AGA), all from healthy mothers and normal pregnancies. FFRENVs were elicited to the/da/ syllable and recorded while the baby was sleeping in its cradle after a successful universal hearing screening. Neural encoding of the stimulus’ envelope of the fundamental frequency (F0ENV) was characterized through the FFRENV spectral amplitude. Relationships between electrophysiological parameters and maternal/neonatal variables that may condition neonatal neurodevelopment were assessed, including pregestational body mass index (BMI), maternal gestational weight gain and neonatal BMI.

Results:
LGA newborns showed smaller spectral amplitudes at the F0ENV compared to the AGA group. Significant negative correlations were found between neonatal BMI and the spectral amplitude at the F0ENV.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that in spite of having a healthy pregnancy, LGA neonates’ central auditory system is impaired in encoding a fundamental aspect of the speech sounds, namely their fundamental frequency. The negative correlation between the neonates’ BMI and FFRENV indicates that this impaired encoding is independent of the pregnant woman BMI and weight gain during pregnancy, supporting the role of the neonatal BMI. We suggest that the higher adipose tissue observed in the LGA group may impair, via proinflammatory products, the fine-grained central auditory system microstructure required for the neural encoding of the fundamental frequency of speech sounds.
Deep Learning Algorithm for Identifying Cervical Cord Compression Due to Degenerative Canal Stenosis on Radiography
Authors: Tamai Koji , Terai Hidetomi , Hoshino Masatoshi , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Kato Minori , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Suzuki Akinobu , Takahashi Shinji , Yabu Akito , Sawada Yuta , Iwamae Masayoshi , Oka Makoto , Nakaniwa Kazunori , Okada Mitsuhiro , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

Study design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
Validate the diagnostic accuracy of a deep-learning algorithm for cervical cord compression due to degenerative canal stenosis on radiography.

Summary of Background Data.
The diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy is often delayed, resulting in improper management. Screening tools for suspected degenerative cervical myelopathy would help identify patients who require detailed physical evaluation.

Materials and Methods.
Data from 240 patients (120 with cervical stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging and 120 age and sex-matched controls) were randomly divided into training (n = 198) and test (n = 42) data sets. The deep-learning algorithm, designed to identify the suspected stenosis level on radiography, was constructed using a convolutional neural network model called EfficientNetB2, and radiography and magnetic resonance imaging data from the training data set. The accuracy and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated for the independent test data set. Finally, the number of correct diagnoses was compared between the algorithm and 10 physicians using the test cohort.

Results.
The diagnostic accuracy and area under the curve of the deep-learning algorithm were 0.81 and 0.81, respectively, in the independent test data set. The rate of correct responses in the test data set was significantly higher for the algorithm than for the physician’s consensus (81.0% vs. 66.2%; P = 0.034). Furthermore, the accuracy of the algorithm was greater than that of each individual physician.

Conclusions.
We developed a deep-learning algorithm capable of suggesting the presence of cervical spinal cord compression on cervical radiography and highlighting the suspected levels on radiographic imaging when cord compression is identified. The diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm was greater than that of spine physicians.

Level of Evidence.
Level IV.
Identification of provider and patient characteristics associated with antibiotic prescription in the treatment of acute sinusitis
Authors: Thapa Anita , Champion Jane D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Sinusitis is the fifth most common diagnosis responsible for antibiotic use. Appropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute sinusitis treatment is crucial to mitigate antibiotic resistance threats.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify patient and provider characteristics associated with antibiotic prescription and to assess provider adherence to antibiotic prescribing guidelines for acute sinusitis treatment.

Methodology:
Retrospective chart review including acute sinusitis cases diagnosed over 12 months, at two express care clinics in the Southwestern United States. Data extraction identified 371 cases meeting inclusion criteria (age >18 years). Descriptive statistical data analyses included Chi square tests.

Results:
A majority of cases received antibiotic prescriptions (90.8%, n = 337). Sociodemographic characteristics significantly associated with antibiotic prescription (p < .05) included race, ethnicity, insurance type, and smoking status. Patient-reported nature of symptoms, sinus tenderness, and erythema/edema nasal turbinates were also significantly associated with antibiotic prescription (p < .05). Antibiotic prescription and watchful waiting for acute sinusitis treatment were significantly associated with provider types (p < .05).

Conclusions:
A gap exists between current guidelines and clinical practice for acute sinusitis treatment in outpatient settings. Antibiotic prescription occurred, although not indicated, along with incorrect antibiotic choice, dose, and duration of therapy.

Implications:
Outpatient antimicrobial stewardship programs for acute sinusitis treatment with a focus on educational interventions for providers may reduce antibiotic overprescribing for acute sinusitis.
Effects of amlodipine combined with atorvastatin on Th17/Treg imbalance and vascular microcirculation in hypertensive patients with atherosclerosis: A double-blind, single-center randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Gui , Qiu Youjiang 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg), as CD4+T lymphocyte subsets, play an important role in the process of atherosclerosis. However, there are few studies on the regulation and efficacy of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine on Th17/Treg balance in hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study aims to verify the efficacy and immunomodulatory effects of atorvastatin combined with amlodipine in the treatment of hypertension combined with carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods:
A total of 260 patients with hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis were randomly divided into atorvastatin or combined treatment group. Inflammatory factors and Th17 and Treg levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma and forkhead spiral transcription factor were detected by real-time quantitative polymerse chain reaction.

Results:
We found that the total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma specific viscosity and fibrin content in the 2 groups were significantly decreased after treatment, and the combined group was significantly lower than the control group (all P < .05). The improvement of endothelial function in the treatment group was also significantly higher than that in the control group (all P < .05). In addition, we found that there were statistically significant differences in Th17 percentage, Treg percentage and Treg/Th17 between the treatment group and the control group (P < .05). The messenger ribonucleic acid levels of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma and forkhead spiral transcription factor showed the same trend. Further detection of Th17-related inflammatory factors showed that the expression of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the treatment group was significantly decreased, which was better than that in the control group (all P < .05).

Conclusion:
These data indicate that amlodipine combined with atorvastatin can improve Th17/Treg imbalance, vascular endothelial function and efficacy in patients with hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Inflammatory bowel disease and associated cardiovascular disease outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Batra Nitya , Dagar Mehak , Butey Swatika , Huang Helen , Chia Jia Ee , Naz Sidra , Endurance Evbayekha O. , Raj Nishchita , Patel Srushti , Maroo Dipansha , Ang Song Peng , Hanif Muhammed , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Sarfraz Zouina , Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Song David 
Published: February 2023

Background:
There is limited and conflicting data available regarding the cardiovascular disease outcomes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objective:
We aim to perform a systematic review to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes and mortality associated with IBD patients.

Methods:
A systematic literature search has been performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus from inception till May 2022 without any language restrictions.

Results:
A total of 2,029,941 patients were included in the analysis from 16 studies. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years. More females were found compared with males (57% vs 43%). The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) included smoking (24.19%) and alcohol (4.60%). The most common comorbidities includes hypertension (30%), diabetes mellitus (14.41%), dyslipidemia (18.42%), previous CVD (22%), and renal disease (10%). Among outcomes, all-cause mortality among IBD patients was 1.66%; ulcerative colitis (UC): 15.92%; and Crohn disease (CD): 0.30%. Myocardial Infarction (MI) among IBD patients were 1.47%, UC: 30.96%; and CD: 34.14%. CVD events among IBD patients were 1.95%. Heart failure events among IBD patients were 5.49%, stroke events among IBD patients were 0.95%, UC: 2.63%, and CD: 2.41%, respectively.

Conclusion:
IBD patients are at higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, especially in women. Although there remains a lack of concrete treatment algorithms and assessment parameters that better characterize IBD risk factors, nutritional modifications and physical activity should be at the forefront of CVD prevention in IBD.
The model of descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics on 100 top-cited articles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2013 to 2022: Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hung Chung-Chia , Tu Mei-Yu , Chien Tsair-Wei , Lin Cheng-Yao , Chow Julie Chi , Chou Willy 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are prevalent in southeast Asia. There is a need to systematically review the current trend and status of NPC research. However, most bibliometric analyses have tended to focus on descriptive and diagnostic analytics rather than predictive and prescriptive analyses. Thus, it is necessary to use the model of the 4 (called the descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics [DDPP]) to derive insights from the data. This study aimed to apply the DDPP model to classify article themes and illustrate the characteristics of NPCs; compare NPC researcher achievements across countries, institutes, departments, and authors; determine whether the mean citations of keywords can be used to predict article citations; and highlight articles that are worthy of reading.

Methods:
The Web of Science Core Collection was searched for 100 top-cited articles and reviews related to NPCs published between 2013 and 2022. As part of Microsoft Office Excel 2019, Visual Basic for Applications was used to illustrate the number of publications and scientific productivity of authors over time and to generate network/temporal heatmaps, chord/Sankey diagrams, radar/impact beam plots, and scatter/pyramid charts about collaborations among countries. The DDPP model identifies institutions, authors, and hotspots of NPC research. The category, journal, authorship, and L-index (CJAL) score was applied to evaluate individual research achievements.

Results:
A total of 10,564 publications were extracted from Web of Science Core Collection and screened for 100 top-cited articles and reviews related to NPCs. Despite having the highest number of publications (36%), China lags slightly behind the US in CJAL scores. CJAL was higher at Sun Yat-Sen University, Radiat Oncol department, and author Jun Ma from China. The number of article citations was significantly correlated with the number of weighted keywords (F = 1791.17; P < .0001). Six articles with significantly increasing citations over the last 4 years were recommended.

Conclusion:
This bibliometric study utilizes the DDPP model to analyze the scientific progress of NPC over the past decade. The whole genome is a hot topic that may prove to be a promising research area in the future. A temporal heatmap may serve as a tool for providing readers with articles that are worth reading, which could lead to additional research in bibliometrics.
Treatment of paradoxical eczematous eruption in psoriasis treated with secukinumab: A case report
Authors: Xiao Yu , Peng Shanshan , Li Xiangjun , Mao Tianyi , Fang Muping , Hu Youhong , Ye Wenzheng 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Eczematous eruption is an increasingly recognized form of drug-related eruption, typically reported in association with interleukin 17 (IL-17)A inhibitors. However, severe paradoxical eczematous eruption due to IL-17A inhibitors has been rarely reported. Herein, we reported a case of a man with severe psoriasis with erythematous scaly plaques on the scalp, trunk, and arms and legs after the administration of secukinumab was initiated.

Patient concerns:
We reported a case of a 20-year-old man with severe psoriasis with erythematous scaly plaques on the scalp, trunk, and arms and legs after the administration of secukinumab was initiated. A skin biopsy was performed. It revealed spongiotic dermatitis consistent with eczematous reaction. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence assays were negative.

Diagnoses:
He was diagnosed with eczematous eruption.

Interventions:
Discontinuation of secukinumab and administration of cyclosporine and prednisone were considered.

Outcomes:
Significant improvement was observed, with no adverse events.

Conclusion:
Our case shows that eczematous eruption can paradoxically occur in patients on IL-17A inhibitors and this report is expected to increase awareness of the rising number of cutaneous eruptions related to biological agents.
The clinical course of untreated CIN2 (HPV16/18+) under active monitoring: A protocol of systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Buwei , Yuan Mengke , Gong Yi , Qi Ding , Jiang Tong , Li Jian , Sun Yiming , Liu Li 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent and fatal cancers among women. Nearly all forms of CC are related to HPV, and 70% of invasive CCs are associated with HPV16 and HPV18. A histologically confirmed case of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2 or a more severe histological diagnosis is considered to be the demarcation point for treatment, but overtreatment will increases the risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies. This study will evaluate the progress of CIN2 (progression, persistence, or regression) in HPV16/18+ CIN2 patients who were managed conservatively for 3 months.

Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Excerpta Medica Database will be searched. We will include studies reporting on women with CIN2 and HPV16/18+, conservative treatment for 3 to 60 months with disease outcomes including progression (CIN3 or worse), persistence (CIN2), and regression rates (CIN1 or less). The primary outcome will be the progress of CIN2. Two authors will search the relevant literature, extract the data, and assess the risk of bias. A funnel chart will be used to identify publication or other reporting biases, and the AHRQ guidelines will be used to assess the risk of bias in each included study. The I
2 statistic will be used to assess heterogeneity. If there is a high degree of heterogeneity between the studies, the random effects model will be used; otherwise, a fixed effects model will be used.

Results:
The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will evaluate the clinical development of patients with conservatively monitored histologically confirmed HPV16/18+ CIN2.
A case of misdiagnosed leiomyoma of the vulva: A case report
Authors: He Jing , Liu Wenhua , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Dingheng , Liu Yuanwei 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Leiomyoma of the vulva is a rare, benign mass that is present on the vulva. Most commonly, they are described as painless, well-circumscribed, solitary tumors that are misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts before surgery.

Patient concerns:
A 45-year-old woman presented with a case of vulvar leiomyoma misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst preoperatively. A solitary swelling mass measuring 3 cm × 2 cm was found in the left labia majora at the Bartholin gland site on physical examination.

Diagnoses:
A vulvar mass extent and vascularity may be determined by imaging. A color doppler flow imaging of the posterior vaginal wall revealed abundant blood flow.

Intervention:
To confirm vulvar leiomyoma, surgery and histopathology were performed.

Outcome:
After 2 months of follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence in the patient.

Lessons:
Rare vulvar leiomyomas are often mistaken for Bartholin’s cysts. It is also difficult to distinguish benign from malignant forms, making vulvar leiomyoma a difficult diagnosis. As there are a few techniques used to differentiate between the nature of the tumor, excisional biopsy seems to be the best current procedure employed in addition to being the treatment of choice for such tumors.