bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polityka fundacyjna podskarbich koronnych w XVI i XVII wieku Analiza wybranych przykładów
Authors: Gryglewski Piotr 
Published: March 2023

W systemie rządów dawnej Rzeczypospolitej podskarbi koronny był jednym z najważniejszych centralnych urzędów ministerialnych. Dostojnicy piastujący tę funkcję sprawowali pieczę nad dochodami i wydatkami państwa, odpowiadając bezpośrednio przed sejmem. Niewątpliwie osiągnięcie tej godności stanowiło wyjątkową nobilitację dla przedstawicieli poszczególnych rodów dawnej Polski. W tekście, analizującym wybrane ścieżki kariery podskarbich z przełomu XVI i XVII w., zostały poruszone dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, czy i w jaki sposób objęty urząd przekładał się na politykę fundacyjną? Drugie zagadnienie dotyczy specyfiki tytułowej godności i jej potencjalnego wpływu na działania fundacyjne i umocnienie rodu. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą zestawienia i porównania wybranych postaci podskarbich koronnych działających w czasach Zygmunta III i Władysława IV. W tym okresie funkcję tę sprawowali m.in. przedstawiciele Firlejów, Warszyckich, Ligezów i Daniłłowiczów. Zaproponowana metoda analizy dotyczy dwóch płaszczyzn aktywności dostojników. Z jednej strony przybliża ich ścieżki kariery, z drugiej zaś zestawia je z działalnością fundacyjną, głównie na polu architektonicznym. Ważnym czynnikiem charakteryzującym ten urząd było uposażenie dostojnika dobrami królewskimi, które w niezbędny sposób zabezpieczało jego zadania finansowe. Taka sytuacja dotyczyła zasobnego Jana Firleja. W innych przypadkach uposażenie królewskie wyprzedzało awans na urząd. Wyjątkową pozycją w tym zakresie dysponowali Daniłłowicze. Pojawienie się urzędu podskarbiowskiego w dziejach rodu z jednej strony mogło być oznaką osiągniętej pozycji, w innych przypadkach dopiero przyspieszało ten awans. Materialną oznaką budowanej pozycji były fundacje architektoniczne – rezydencjonalne lub sakralne. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że każda z przeanalizowanych postaci w czytelny sposób aktywizowała swoje działania fundacyjne w okresie sprawowania urzędu. Topograficznie koncentrując swoją uwagę na dobrach rodowych, ale również starając się zachować związek z dworem i administrowanymi królewszyznami. Innym, intersującym uzupełnieniem możliwości, jakie dawał urząd podskarbiego, było prawo umieszczania na emisji monet herbu rodowego.
Müfredat Al-Ashaq Al-Soufi bein Al-Tabrizi Walromi
Authors: SHOUSH Mahmoud 
Published: March 2023

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على بعض مفردات العشق الصوفي من خلال ما وصل إلينا من أدب صوفي لشمس الدين التبريزي وجلال الدين الرومي، وهذه المفردات هي نموذج لمفردات التصوف العامة، بل الإنسانية الراقية التي نحتاج إليها في الزمن المادي المعاصر.
وتبدأ الدراسة بالتعرف على معنى العشق في اللغة، ثم تعريف موجز بشمس الدين التبريزي وحياته ولقائه بجلال الدين الرومي وما نتج عن هذا اللقاء من أدب رفيع، والتعرف على جلال الدين الرومي والمولوية وأثر شمس الدين التبريزي فيه، ثم عرض لمضامين العشق الصوفي عرضًا، ثم عرض لمفردات العشق الصوفي التي أشرنا إليها ومثلنا لها من خلال كلمات وأبيات شعرية لشمس الدين التبريزي وجلال الدين الرومي.
Importance of Real-Time Data to Improve Operational Efficiency for Unconventional Drilling in Argentina
Authors: Fernandes Rui , Orellana Natera Manuel Adrian , Barros Carolina S M , Nogueira Alisson , Tjitrosoemarto Dismas Bismo , Skjævesland Stian , Zainoune Sanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractYPF is the most active drilling operator in Argentina, and in the last few years, its drilling and workover activities have been growing significantly. In 2018, as part of the digitalisation journey of the company, a Monitoring and Control Centre was established with a long-term vision to standardise and change the way unconventional wells are drilled in Argentina.This paper describes an initiative to build infrastructure that manages real-time data across multiple unconventional assets, by using a real-time monitoring platform which follows the WITSML 1.4.1.1 industry standard. This project was divided into three strategic stages: implementation of a tool to acquire real-time data through WITSML, implementation of the tool and new workflows to improve data quality, by working closer with data providers, and improvements in drilling performance with the help of real-time data. Implementing the above strategies improved operational efficiencies and provided lessons learnt for each stage of implementation.
Regional Evaluation of the Natural Radionuclides Behavior at the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (Colombia)
Authors: Echavez Reinel Andres , Villamil Hernan Dario , Cardenas Jose Carlos , Perez Edgar Ricardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of unconventional reservoir explorations at the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (MMVB) from Colombia has allowed to determine the natural radionuclides concentration and doses and its interaction with all matrices related with the hydraulic fracturing technic, associated with the local conditions (weather, industrial processes around, and soil). The main objective of this project is to evaluate the behavior of natural radionuclides in the unconventional reservoir environment at MMVB considering all conditions around, comparing the results with other cases related, generating a start point to the radioactive characterization of the area. The study area selected for this project was Kalé, the first research project for hydraulic fracturing in Colombia, locating in Puerto Wilches – Santander at the MMVB, a region recognized for the palm crops. In this case, were selected 81 sampling points for doses (natural background) around Kalé's area using portable detectors and 44 sampling points for activity concentrations using ICP-MS and gamma spectrometry, measuring natural radionuclides such as: U-238, Th-232, Ra-226, Ra-228, K-40 and Pb-210. The results obtained were compared with other cases related around the world in unconventional reservoirs from USA, Argentina and China, and additionally in relation to palm crops. The results of effective doses obtained in the Kalé's area were in a range from 0.07 to 0.39 mSv/y, well below the limit value established by the International Commission for Radioactive Protection (ICRP) of 1 mSv/y, demonstrating a very low risk of radioactive affection. On the other hand, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were variables according to radioisotope; for natural decay of U-238 from 18 to 80 Bq/kg, in secular equilibrium with Ra-226; for Th-232 from 22 to 103 Bq/kg, in secular equilibrium with Ra-228, whereas that K-40 showed a range from 162 to 611 Bq/kg and Pb-210 from 37 to 140 Bq/kg. The comparison with other cases around the world demonstrated that Kalé's area is very influenced for the weather, industrial processes around and specially for palm crops, in this way, the behavior of natural radionuclides at MMVB may be closely related not only to the geological conditions, but also with external processes in the area. The results of this project representing an important data to strengthen the baseline of necessary information need to the evaluation of radiometric risks in extractive processes in oil & gas in Colombia, to avoid health and environmental affections.
Design and Drilling Performance of Two Exploratory Wells in Argentinean Parva Negra Oeste Shale Gas Field from the Vaca Muerta Formation. Experiences and Lessons Learnt.
Authors: Matesanz Martin , Bodini Santiago Alejandro , Quintero Ramirez Jesus , Diz Raul , Forni Luis Pablo , Fumagalli Nicolas Alberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Parva Negra Oeste field is located 90 km north-west far from Añelo City in Neuquén Province, Argentina. It is considered an unconventional dry gas field targeting Vaca Muerta Formation in exploration phase. It is located on the east flank of Dorso de los Chihuidos with presence of over-pressure and faulting. Several wells were drilled in the area in order to test production and acquire information, which showed a complex drilling scenario and an abandonment rate of 40%.
In order to define well architecture, nearby well's events were studied in a radius of 15 km, detecting gas kicks and mud losses at different depths and formations. With this information shoe depth, operative mud window and contingency casing were defined with focus in well integrity and operational hazard control. These problematic events were integrated with the seismic data and zones of structural quietness were selected in order to reduce the probability of occurrence.
Both wells were successfully drilled. Although gas kicks were detected, at similar depths to nearby wells and at new zones or formations, with the use of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and appropriate mechanical design, these events overcome successfully in a short period of time. Depth Interval from 1000 to 2000 mts (Agrio and Huitrin Formations) had a higher hardness than expected and abundant carbonates, decreasing rop for this interval of the first well. For second well, with the rock hardness log of the first well, the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and drilling parameters were modified, with better results. A contingency liner was considered in order to isolate Quintuco Formation from Vaca Muerta Formation, but it was not needed. In both cases, all logging information were effectively acquired and 90 mts of core were extracted in the second well, with a recovery factor of 100%.
This paper provides experiences and techniques to successfully drill in a zone where information is scarce and neighbor wells were abandoned in a high rate.
Enhancing Stimulation Efficiency in a Highly Fractured Open-Hole Carbonate Reservoir Section by Diversion Design Using Advanced Modelling Techniques
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Velazquez Diana L. , Ramirez Carmen J. , Fragachan Francisco E. , Briceno Juan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStimulation fluids injected into a reservoir take the path of least resistance, leaving behind under-stimulated areas. As a result, the stimulation efficiency and effectiveness are reduced, affecting the overall production potential. The placement efficiency of a stimulation treatment depends on maximizing fluids contact in the zone of interest (good penetration) and uniform distribution across the section. To achieve uniform distribution, existing higher permeability areas or natural fractures must be efficiently and temporarily blocked, diverting the treatment towards the section with low permeability and higher skin. This process is known as diversion.In this paper, we utilize an analytical model based on computational fluid dynamics and discrete element modeling to simulate treatment placement efficiency and diversion effectiveness in high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) carbonate formations, from a long open hole highly fractured reservoir interval in a well in South America. The case study demonstrates that parameters playing a key role were flow rate, spacers between diverting pills, type of diversion fluid carrier, rheology of carrier fluid, number of diversion stages, and displacement rate. The modeling calibrated against an actual field case demonstrates the space for improvement that can be customized depending upon the type of application.The results indicate that without using diversion, the lower part of the openhole section is left under-stimulated in comparison to the top section as the top section had the presence of natural fractures. When diversion was utilized to optimize the design, the stimulation efficiency in the lower section improved considerably and ultimately had a high impact on the production of the well. This paper uses an actual case study to demonstrate the value created and overall production enhancement despite the excellent results achieved. It also summarizes the engineering workflow to optimize diversion design in carbonates HPHT openhole formations.We believe that an engineering approach is critical in the design of a successful stimulation in an open hole with considerable presence of natural fractures in some parts of the section of interest. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of advanced modeling in evenly distributing the stimulation fluid and thereby increasing its effectiveness enhancing the production across the target zone. A case study from a field job in South America will be presented based on job evaluation and actual well production performance. Actual well intervention and treatment design are discussed. The lessons learned from this case study can be applied for stimulation design and planning for future jobs in the area.
Laboratory and Digital Petrophysical Multiscale Analysis of Porosity Types in Vaca Muerta Formation in El Mangrullo Field
Authors: Naides Claudio Hugo , Marchal Denis Andre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnconventional shales reservoirs are complex in terms of composition, variable scales of analysis (from centimeter to nanometer) and petrophysical properties. To characterize these reservoirs, detailed analyses are required, including studies of rock samples in a wide range of scales.Extracted from a shale gas well (El Mangrullo Field, southwest of Neuquén Basin), the studied core involves a 123 m thick section within the lower enriched section (informally subdivided into Cocina, Parrilla, Orgánico Inferior y Orgánico Superior intervals) of Vaca Muerta Formation.This study consists in processing, interpreting, and integrating all the information from routine petrophysical laboratory studies (Tight Rock Analysis - TRA), well logs and high-resolution rock analysis (Digital Rock Analysis - DRA) using a customized and tailored workflow that provides quantitative and qualitative results.Permeability, total and effective porosity, organic porosity, and their distribution and another petrophysical properties (like pore size distribution, etc.) are characterized. The integration of the laboratory and DRA results allows the elaboration of a permoporous properties model. This model allowed us to integrate petrophysical model with the production of horizontal wells drilled in different sections of Vaca Muerta Formation.
Geomechanical Characterization of the Parva Negra Oeste Block (Neuquina Basin)
Authors: Paris Martin , Nawratil Alejandro , Quintero Jesus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is the geomechanical characterization of the VacaMuerta formation, in the Parva Negra Oeste block. Therefore, the existing information was analyzed and two pilot wells were drilled, whose data serves as the basis for characterizing the geomechanics of the area.Overpressure has been detected as the main risk during drilling, not only in the Vaca Muerta formation but also in overlying formations. For this reason, two pilot wells were drilled using the MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) system to keep the well under control. While drilling, this system allows Build Up Tests and LOT to be performed dynamically to adjust the operating mud window and provide data for future wells. At the same time, a core of the formation and a complete set of borehole logs were obtained, which includes crossed dipole acoustics, NMR and borehole image logs.The pore pressure model is calibrated based on the Build UpTests performed while drilling. On the core a scatch test was carried out, which is used to calibrate themechanical strength of the rock, with high vertical resolution. Additionally, the borehole image logs turn out to be essential to evaluate the continuity of the carbonate layers, which are usually seen byconventional logs as barriers to the propagation of hydraulic fractures, being in some cases true tabular layers and other cases concretions. In the latter case, they will not constitute barriers to the propagation of hydraulic fractures. All this allowed to generate an adjusted VTI geomechanical model.The MPD turns out to be useful for geomechanics, not only achieving quality LOT, but also multiple build up tests, which were used to calibrate the operating window (pore and fracture pressure). The geometry of the calcareous layers can be characterized by the borehole image logs, allowing to distinguish between tabular layers, which have lateral continuity, from calcareus concretions with lenticular geometry, which will not significantly limit the growth of hydraulicfractures. This feature cannot be discriminated with conventional logs.
Development and Application of Layer Intensity Index Based on Image Logs in Lacustrine Shale Oil Formation-A Case Study from Sichuan Basin
Authors: Hao Jing , Luo Xin , Yu Dai Guo , Liao Shu Hong , Hou Ke Jun , Wang Yue , Zhao Xian Ran , Liu Bo , Zhao Meng , Wu Jin Long , Mo Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLacustrine shale oil is the hottest recent topic in the main basins of China. To better understand the reservoir controlling factors, operators acquire borehole images, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and geochemical logs, which help them identify the sweet spots in shale oil formations. These reveal that that the layering textures have a close relation to key reservoir parameters, such as porosity, and total organic carbon (TOC), etc.The objective of this study is to develop and apply a "layer intensity index" method to the lacustrine shale oil formations of Sichuan Basin. To do this, we developed a quantitative estimation workflow based on borehole image processing, and obtained a "layer intensity index" after image flattening, binary processing, and horizontal edge detection on resistivity image logs. With calibrations of core data, the layer intensity index can reflect the degree of layer development in the shale oil formation. Based on this parameter, the shale oil formation could be classified into three categories based on this parameter: highly layered zone, medium layered zone, and massive zone.In this study, the typical shale oil zones are identified based on the integration of the layer intensity index and other key petrophysical parameters. A good shale oil zone has relatively high layer intensity, TOC, porosity, and clay content. In this study we found that the layer intensity index is well-correlated with the effective porosity (PHIE) and TOC. Finally, the high TOC, high effective porosity, and highly layered pay zone is recognized as sweet spots of the shale oil reservoir. The evaluation result was then provided to the operator for horizontal well drilling design.The layer intensity index was obtained using an innovative process workflow in the lacustrine shale oil formation of the Sichuan Basin. This quantitative layer intensity analysis has enriched the application of resistivity image logs and could be widely used in other similar shale oil reservoirs.
Sustained Anulus Pressure in NoC Wells. Prevention and Remediation Using Polymeric Isolating Materials
Authors: Rivelli Lavallen Sofia , García Eiler Luciana Martina , Mucci Marcela Zaira , Arribillaga Jofre Lucas Martin , Gimutky José , Morris Walter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sustained Annulus Pressure (SAP) is a common issue that affects shale plays wells worldwide. The cement sheath barrier deteriorates due to extremely high hoop stresses generated in the cement annulus during fracture treatments. These stresses are approximately one order of magnitude higher than the cement maximum tensile stress.
Once cement sheath fails, gas or oil migrates from high-pressured subsurface formations through vertical cracks along the annulus. Pressure at the wellhead can reach values above the installation maximum rate which persistently rebuilds after bleed-down operations.
The presence of SAP means that well integrity has been compromised generating serious safety and environmental risks for operators.
After conducting several finite element simulation studies, that demonstrated the failure hypothesis, a research project was conducted to design an isolating material that would withstand service conditions generated during well termination and its overall life cycle. A polymeric sealing ma terial with high deformation capacity, consequently low Young's modulus, high toughness and bonding properties was developed.
The material was tested following API recommended practices and ASTM standards. A procedure to prevent SAP in new wells was proposed. Five well of different Vaca Muerta shale fields were isolated combining a cement slurry batch with a polymeric formulation pumped in tandem. Also, a repair procedure for wells showing SAP was proposed and successfully tested using a similar polymeric system. This procedure consisted of injecting a 14,8 ppg formulation in the annulus in a pump and relief (P&R) manner.
The pilot test is currently under evaluation. Wells isolated with the polymeric formulation have not presented SAP after more than eight months, nor have the two remediation operations conducted so far. Annular pressure of new and repaired wells is being monitored to determine treatment effectiveness.
Fracture Design Optimization Utilizing 3D Simulation Models & Sensitivity Analysis for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Shoostari Esan , Watson Marshall C. , Gorell Sheldon Burt , Kocoglu Yildirim , Taqi Ali Yousef , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is the gateway for achieving new levels of unconventional resource production. However, hydraulic fracturing requires careful planning and optimized design for it to be profitable. There are multiple parameters that affect the performance of a hydraulic fracture design. One of the most important parameters that effect the performance of hydraulic fracturing is the fracture cluster spacing (FCS). FCS design is a complicated task especially for a new area due to the complexity of rock mechanics involved in unconventional reservoirs. We developed a novel sensitivity analysis approach to optimize the FCS using a 2D and 3D hydraulic fracturing models built with field data acquired from a well producing in the Eagle Ford. Our optimization criteria include fracture conductivity, fracture cluster length, fracture cluster width, proppant coverage, and fluid loss. The main optimization constraint during the fracture design was to avoid stress shadowing effects and screenout issues. This approach consists of two phases. Phase 1: Investigation of optimum clusters per stage number. Phase 2: Creation of the optimum fracture design. First step in our methodology is generating the simulation model by importing the log data to distinguish potential pay zone(s) and calculate the stress profile of these zone(s). Second step is to build a permanent 2D simulation model by selecting a perforation design, optimum proppant size, proppant type, pumping rate, and fluid type to finally attain an injection schedule for the 3D model. The final step is to optimize the 3D model’s performance by selecting the ideal FCS per stage. Our results show that the optimum cluster design is 3 fractures per stage with 200 feet spacing between fracture clusters (FCS). We observed that most cases outside the optimum design will cause stress shadowing which needs to be avoided for the sake of fracture efficiency and well productivity. Although, this FCS design is for a specific area, our comprehensive sensitivity analysis approach will be a guide to many operators to design fracture jobs more efficiently in the future because stress shadowing can happen for any area in the world. Our optimization study also revealed that we can get an efficient hydraulic fracture design with low number of clusters which will have a positive impact on the environment due to water preservation. It will also reduce the cost of the operation and the time it takes to complete the fracture job.