bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival differences between women and men in the non-reproductive cancers: Results from a matched analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end-results program
Authors: Luz Felipe Andrés Cordero da , Nascimento Camila Piqui , Marinho Eduarda da Costa , Felicidade Pollyana Júnia , Antonioli Rafael Mathias , Araújo Rogério Agenor de , Silva Marcelo José Barbosa 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundMen with non-reproductive cancers have a discrepant outcome compared to women. However, they differ significantly in the incidence of cancer type and characteristics.MethodsPatients with single primary cancer who were 18 years or older and whose data were gathered and made accessible by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program were included in this retrospective analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression before and after propensity score matching were performed to analyze the risk survival by sex.ResultsAmong the 1,274,118 patients included [median (range) age, 65 year (18–85+) years; 688,481 (54.9%) male]. The median follow-up was 21 months (0–191). Substantial improvements in survival were observed for both sexes during the years of inclusion analyzed, with no difference between them, reaching a reduction of almost 17% of deaths in 2010, and of almost 28% in 2015, compared to 2004. The women had a median survival of 74 months and overall mortality of 48.7%. Males had a median survival of 30 months (29.67–30.33) with an overall mortality of 56.2%. The PSM showed a reduced difference (6 months shorter median survival and 2.3% more death in men), but no change in hazards was observed compared to the unmatched analysis [adjusted HR: 0.888 (0.864–0.912) vs. 0.876 (0.866–0.886) in unmatched].ConclusionsThe discrepancy in survival between men and women is not explained only by the incidence of more aggressive and more advanced cancers in the former.
Invisibility as a structural determinant: Mortality outcomes of Asians and Pacific Islanders experiencing homelessness
Authors: Chang Jamie Suki , Saxton Katherine , Bright Georgia , Ryan Maya S. , Lai E. Francis , Jorden Michelle A. , Gutierrez Andy 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAsians and Pacific Islanders (APIs) who are experiencing homelessness are situated in a social intersection that has rendered them unrecognized and therefore vulnerable. There has been increasing attention to racial disparities in homelessness, but research into API homelessness is exceedingly rare, despite rapidly growing populations. The purpose of this study is to examine the causes of death among APIs who died while homeless in Santa Clara County (SCC) and compare these causes to other racial groups.Materials and methodsWe report on data obtained from the SCC Medical Examiner-Coroner's Office on unhoused people's deaths that occurred between 2011 and 2021 (n = 1,394), including data on deaths of APIs experiencing homelessness (n = 87).ResultsAPIs comprised 6.2% of total deaths of unhoused people. APIs died less often of causes related to drug/alcohol use than all other racial groups (24.1, compared to 39.3%), and there was a trend toward more API deaths from injuries or illnesses. When APIs were disaggregated into sub-groups (East/Southeast Asian, South Asian, Pacific Islander), there were notable mortality differences in cause of death, age, and sex.DiscussionWe argue that invisibility is a structural determinant of health that homeless APIs face. Though relatively small in numbers, APIs who are invisible may experience increased social isolation and, subsequently, specific increased mortality risks. To understand the health outcomes of unhoused APIs, it is essential that researchers and policymakers recognize API homelessness and gather and report disaggregated races and ethnicities.
Expanding access to rehabilitation using mobile health to address musculoskeletal pain and disability
Authors: Shayo Mathew J. , Shayo Pendo , Haukila Kelvin F. , Norman Katherine , Burke Colleen , Ngowi Kennedy , Goode Adam P. , Allen Kelli D. , Wonanji Vivian Timothy , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Bettger Janet Prvu 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionMusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders such as low back pain and osteoarthritis are a leading cause of disability and the leading contributor to the need for rehabilitation services globally. This need has surpassed the availability of trained clinicians; even in urban areas where services and providers are thought to be more abundant, access can be challenged by transportation options and financial costs associated with travel, care and lost time from work. However, continuing standard of fully in-person rehabilitation care for MSK-associated pain and disability may no longer be necessary. With increased ownership or access to even a basic mobile phone device, and evidence for remote management by trained clinicians, some individuals with MSK disorders may be able to continue their rehabilitation regimen predominantly from home after initial evaluation in primary care or an outpatient clinic.MethodsThis manuscript describes application of a framework we used to culturally and contextually adapt an evidence-based approach for leveraging digital health technology using a mobile phone (mHealth) to expand access to rehabilitation services for MSK-associated pain and disability. We then conducted a multi-level analysis of policies related to the adapted approach for rehabilitation service delivery to identify opportunities to support sustainability.ResultsOur study was conducted in Tanzania, a lower-middle income country with their first National Rehabilitation Strategic Plan released in 2021. Lessons learned can be applied even to countries with greater infrastructure or fewer barriers. The seven-step adaptation framework used can be applied in other regions to improve the likelihood of local mHealth adoption and implementation. Our practice and policy assessment for Tanzania can be applied in other regions and used collaboratively with government officials in support of building or implementing a national rehabilitation strategic plan.ConclusionThe work described, lessons learned and components of the plan are generalizable globally and can improve access to rehabilitation services using mHealth to address the significant and increasing burden of disability.
Reduction in maternal anxiety following prenatal pediatric urology consultation
Authors: Yang Jessica , Baker Zoë , Dillon Hannah , Hannallah Arthi , Klecha Irene , SooHoo Michelle , Ko Joan , De Filippo Roger , Vasquez Evalynn 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionFetal anomalies detected on prenatal ultrasound can elicit maternal psychological distress and may be associated with increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes. Prenatal consultation with pediatric specialists may allay parental worries by improving clarity surrounding a fetal diagnosis, establishing a postnatal management plan, and providing expert advice. We sought to determine whether maternal anxiety and worry decreased following prenatal pediatric urology consultations among a cohort of pregnant women whose fetuses were diagnosed with urologic anomalies.MethodsPregnant women referred to pediatric urologists for prenatal consultation through our Fetal Maternal Center following detection of a urologic anomaly were recruited from February 2021 to March 2022 inclusive. Participants completed questionnaires before and after prenatal pediatric urology consultation assessing maternal current state anxiety (S-Anxiety) on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and self-reported worry surrounding the fetal diagnosis. Differences in anxiety and worry before versus after prenatal consultation were analyzed using paired t-tests and McNemar’s tests.Results26 pregnant women completed pre- and post-visit questionnaires. Most participants (92.3%) received prenatal pediatric urology consultation for anomalies of the fetal kidney(s), including hydronephrosis and suspected multicystic dysplastic kidney. The proportion of participants reporting extreme or moderate levels of worry surrounding the fetal diagnosis significantly decreased from 69.2% prior to prenatal pediatric urology consultation, to 30.8% after consultation (p=0.02). Reductions in worry after prenatal consultation were reported among 80.8% of participants. Average state anxiety on the STAI similarly significantly decreased from 35.2 ( ± 9.4) before prenatal consultation to 31.4 ( ± 11.1) after consultation. Differences in reductions in anxiety and worry did not significantly differ among participants attending prenatal consultations in-person or via telehealth.ConclusionsAmong a cohort of pregnant women diagnosed with fetal anomalies of the urinary tract, anxiety and worry surrounding the fetal diagnosis significantly decreased after prenatal in-person or telehealth consultations with pediatric urologists.
Designing a novel tomato ideotype for future cultivation in space manned missions
Authors: Pagliarello Riccardo , Bennici Elisabetta , Cemmi Alessia , Di Sarcina Ilaria , Spelt Cornelis , Nardi Luca , Del Fiore Antonella , De Rossi Patrizia , Paolini Francesca , Koes Ronald , Quattrocchio Francesca , Benvenuto Eugenio , Massa Silvia 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Methods for production of fresh, health food are needed in view of long-term, deep-space manned missions. To this end, crops tailored for better performance under non-terrestrial conditions may be obtained by the exploitation of biochemical patterns related to specialized metabolites known to confer protection against environmental challenges and to be beneficial to human health.Methods: In this work, for the first time, MicroTom plants have been engineered specifically for agrospace applications to express PhAN4, a MYB-like transcription factor able to regulate the biosynthesis of anthocyanins that influence tomato genes possibly involved in agrospace-relevant functions. Results:PhAN4 engineering underpinned the genetic background of the dwarf tomato MicroTom while maintaining yield and photosynthetic capacity. PhAN4 expression resulted in the accumulation of anthocyanins and polyphenols, a differential carotenoid profile, increased antioxidant scavenging capacities of fruits compared to the original genotype. Improved ability to counteract ROS generation and to preserve plant protein folding after ex-vivo gamma irradiation was observed.Discussion: These results highlights that the manipulation of specific metabolic pathways is a promising approach to design novel candidate varieties for agrospace applications.
Preoperative lung immune prognostic index predicts survival in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing radical resection
Authors: Zhou Qian , Deng Guochao , Wang Zhikuan , Dai Guanghai 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLung immune prognostic index (LIPI), a combination of derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), is currently attracting considerable interest as a potential prognostic indicator in many malignancies. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative LIPI in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) undergoing radical resection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed PDAC patients treated with radical resection from February 2019 to April 2021 at Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) general hospital. Based on the cut-off value of dNLR and LDH identified by X-tile, patients were divided into LIPI good and LIPI intermediate/poor group. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to compare the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of the two groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify the independent prognostic value of LIPI. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify specific population benefited from radical resection.ResultsA total of 205 patients were included and the median RFS and OS was 10.8 and 24.3 months, respectively. Preoperative LIPI intermediate/poor was related to worse RFS and OS (p &lt; 0.05). Preoperative LIPI intermediate/poor, vascular invasion and no adjuvant chemotherapy were indicators of poor OS. Patients with LIPI intermediate/poor had worse OS especially among females and those with adjuvant chemotherapy (p &lt; 0.05). Adjuvant chemotherapy related to better RFS and OS in patients with LIPI good (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsPreoperative LIPI intermediate/poor can be an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with PDAC undergoing radical resection. LIPI good could be an effective marker of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Larger studies are warranted for further validation.
Risk factors for lumbar disc herniation in adolescents and young adults: A case–control study
Authors: Qi Le , Luo Lijuan , Meng Xianrong , Zhang Jun , Yu Tong , Nie Xinyu , Liu Qinyi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThere is a limited understanding of the risk factors for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in younger people, even though the evidence suggests that LDH is more prevalent in this population. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the risk factors for LDH in adolescents and young adults.MethodsThe medical records of all patients were retrospectively reviewed with inclusion criteria of being younger than 25 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm LDH from September 2016 to September 2021. Furthermore, 104 healthy people in the same age range were enrolled as the control group from physical examination centers. Gender, BMI, smoking, drinking, genetic history, sitting posture, daily sitting time, traumatic history of the lower back, scoliosis, and daily exercise time were examined for all enrolled people. These factors were statistically analyzed to determine the high-risk factors.ResultsA total of 208 young individuals were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the study group and the control group was 21.06 ± 3.27 years (range: 11–25 years) and 21.26 ± 2.23 years (range: 15–25 years), respectively. The result of the chi-squared test demonstrated that there was a significant difference in BMI of more than 30 (p &lt; 0.001), genetic history (p = 0.004), sitting posture (p &lt; 0.001), daily sitting time of more than 6 h (p &lt; 0.001), and the history of low back trauma (p = 0.002). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression showed that these were high-risk factors for LDH, particularly the duration of daily sitting time (more than 6 h).ConclusionsBMI of more than 30, genetic history, sitting posture, daily sitting time of more than 6 h, and a history of low back trauma are the high-risk factors for adolescents and young adults with LDH. Therefore, providing them with the proper guidance and education, particularly about the protection of the lower back and the reduction of spinal load, could play a key role in preventing and reducing LDH.
Liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor of the distal femur: A case report
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Zhang Daguang , Yu Wenjiang , Wang Chengxue 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionLiposclerosing myxofibrous tumor (LSMFT) is a rare benign fibro-osseous tumor that most frequently occurs in the proximal femur. The reported literature shows that the proximal femur, ilium, tibia, humerus, rib, and skull have occurred, but so far, the female distal femur has not been characterized in detail. This, we think, is the first single comprehensive case report of the female distal femur. To prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment of this illness, it is critical for us to continue strengthening our knowledge of it and to add it to the differential diagnosis of the space-occupying lesion of the female distal femur.Case summaryTwo months ago, a 55-year-old female patient was found to have a space-occupying lesion of the left distal femur and the pain symptom was aggravated. She underwent thorough curettage and bone grafting without additional treatment to relieve the current symptoms and determine the nature of the lesion in our hospital. The intraoperative specimens were submitted to the pathology laboratory for analysis, and the result was reported as LSMFT. And six months after the operation, the patient returned to our hospital for another x-ray examination and we found that she had recovered well without any signs of recurrence. The patient self-reported that she had now resumed her daily life without any uncomfortable symptoms.ConclusionThe incidence of LSMFT itself is relatively low, and the occurrence of the distal femur is even rarer. However, it is recommended to add LSMFT into the differential diagnosis of the occupying lesions of the distal femur. Once the diagnosis is made, thorough curettage and bone grafting without additional special treatment can achieve better postoperative outcomes. The patient gave her agreement after learning that information about the case will be submitted for publication.
Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation vs. partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Linjin , Zhu Jianlong , Shao Huan , Huang Laijian , Wang Xiaoting , Bao Wenshuo , Sheng Tao , Chen Dake , He Yanmei , Song Baolin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPartial nephrectomy (PN) is one of the most preferred nephron-sparing treatments for clinical T1 (cT1) renal cancer, while radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is usually used for patients who are poor surgical candidates. The long-term oncologic outcome of RFA vs. PN for cT1 renal cancer remains undetermined. This meta-analysis aims to compare the treatment efficacy and safety of RFA and PN for patients with cT1 renal cancer with long-term follow-up of at least 5 years.MethodThis meta-analysis was performed following the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Literature studies that had data on the comparison of the efficacy or safety of RFA vs. PN in treating cT1 renal cancer were searched in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from 1 January2000 to 1 May 2022. Only long-term studies with a median or mean follow-up of at least 5 years were included. The following measures of effect were pooled: odds ratio (OR) for recurrence and major complications; hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Additional analyses, including sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias analysis, were also performed.ResultsA total of seven studies with 1,635 patients were finally included. The treatment efficacy of RFA was not different with PN in terms of cancer recurrence (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 0.45–3.28), PFS (HR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.75–2.11), and CSS (HR = 1.27, 95% CI, 0.41–3.95) as well as major complications (OR = 1.31, 95% CI, 0.55–3.14) (P &gt; 0.05 for all). RFA was a potential significant risk factor for OS (HR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.32–2.34, P &lt; 0.001). No significant heterogeneity and publication bias were observed.ConclusionThis is the first meta-analysis that focuses on the long-term oncological outcomes of cT1 renal cancer, and the results suggest that RFA has comparable therapeutic efficacy with PN. RFA is a nephron-sparing technique with favorable oncologic efficacy and safety and a good treatment alternative for cT1 renal cancer.
Impact of sarcopenia on postoperative pulmonary complications after gastric cancer surgery: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Deng Chaoyi , Wan Qianyi , Zhao Rui , Han Liping , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after gastric cancer surgery. This study aimed to explore the impact of sarcopenia on PPCs in patients who had undergone gastric cancer surgery.MethodsWe included patients who underwent a transabdominal radical gastrectomy between June 2016 and October 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median prevalence rate of lumbar triplane skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI): sarcopenia group (≤37.5% percentile in male and female group) and non-sarcopenia group (&gt;37.5% percentile in male and female group). Baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative conditions, pulmonary complications, and overall complications were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs. The secondary outcomes were overall postoperative complications and length of stay (LOS).ResultsAmong the 143 patients included, 50 had sarcopenia and 93 had not. Compared to the non-sarcopenia group, the sarcopenia group had a higher the incidence of PPCs (22.0% vs. 8.6%, P = 0.024). The incidence of overall postoperative complications in the sarcopenia group was higher than that in the non-sarcopenia group (36.00% vs. 20.43%, P = 0.043). There was no significant difference in the LOS between the two groups.ConclusionsOur research indicates that sarcopenia, preoperative comorbidities, and longer duration of intraoperative oxygen saturation &lt;95% were risk factors for PPCs. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Given that our results provided a correlation rather than causation, future prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the relationship between sarcopenia and prognosis.
The clinical significance of serum HMGB1 in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans after interventional vascular restenosis
Authors: Yang Bo , Xiaping Zhang 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThis study explored the correlation between serum HMGB1 levels and postoperative vascular restenosis in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO).MethodsA total of 362 patients LEASO who received vascular intervention were recruited in this study. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors associated with vascular restenosis. The R procedure was used to create nomogram model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of serum HMGB1 and nomogram model for vascular restenosis.ResultsOf the 362 LEASO patients included, 103 (28.45%) developed restenosis within 6 months of postoperative follow-up. Postoperative HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in patients with restenosis compared to those with non-restenosis. Postoperative HMGB1 levels were significantly and positively correlated with the severity of postoperative restenosis (r = 0.819). The AUC of postoperative HMGB1 for the diagnosis of postoperative restenosis was 0.758 (95% CI: 0.703–0.812), with a sensitivity and specificity of 56.31% and 82.24%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, smoking, regular postoperative medication, increased fibrinogen, decreased red blood cells, increased hs-CRP, and increased postoperative HMGB1 were independently associated with postoperative restenosis in patients with LEASO. The C-index of the nomogram prediction model constructed based on the seven influencing factors mentioned above was 0.918. The nomogram model was significantly more predictive of postoperative restenosis in LEASO patients compared with a single postoperative HMGB1 (AUC: 0.918, 95% CI: 0.757–0.934).ConclusionPostoperative serum HMGB1 is an independent risk factor associated with postoperative vascular restenosis in patients with LEASO, and a novel nomogram model based on postoperative serum HMGB1 combined with clinical characteristics may help to accurately predict the risk of postoperative restenosis in patients with LEASO.