bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA damage in testicular germ cells and spermatozoa. When and how is it induced? How should we measure it? What does it mean?
Authors: Aitken Robert John , Lewis Sheena E. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis review surveys the causes and consequences of DNA damage in the male germ line from spermatogonial stem cells to fully differentiated spermatozoa. Within the stem cell population, DNA integrity is well maintained as a result of excellent DNA surveillance and repair; however, a progressive increase in background mutation rates does occur with paternal age possibly as a result of aberrant DNA repair as well as replication error. Once a germ cell has committed to spermatogenesis, it responds to genetic damage via a range of DNA repair pathways or, if this process fails, by the induction of apoptosis. When fully‐differentiated spermatozoa are stressed, they also activate a truncated intrinsic apoptotic pathway which results in the activation of nucleases in the mitochondria and cytoplasm; however, the physical architecture of these cells prevents these enzymes from translocating to the nucleus to induce DNA fragmentation. Conversely, hydrogen peroxide released from the sperm midpiece during apoptosis is able to penetrate the nucleus and induce DNA damage. The base excision repair pathway responds to such damage by cleaving oxidized bases from the DNA, leaving abasic sites that are alkali‐labile and readily detected with the comet assay. As levels of oxidative stress increase and these cells enter the perimortem, topoisomerase integrated into the sperm chromatin becomes activated by SUMOylation. Such activation may initially facilitate DNA repair by reannealing double strand breaks but ultimately prepares the DNA for destruction by nucleases released from the male reproductive tract. The abasic sites and oxidized base lesions found in live spermatozoa are mutagenic and may increase the mutational load carried by the offspring, particularly in the context of assisted conception. A variety of strategies are described for managing patients expressing high levels of DNA damage in their spermatozoa, to reduce the risks such lesions might pose to offspring health.
Vital sign‐based detection of sepsis in neonates using machine learning
Authors: Honoré Antoine , Forsberg David , Adolphson Katja , Chatterjee Saikat , Jost Kerstin , Herlenius Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Early diagnosis is key but difficult due to non‐specific signs. We investigate the predictive value of machine learning‐assisted analysis of non‐invasive, high frequency monitoring data and demographic factors to detect neonatal sepsis.MethodsSingle centre study, including a representative cohort of 325 infants (2866 hospitalisation days). Personalised event timelines including interventions and clinical findings were generated. Time‐domain features from heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation values were calculated and demographic factors included. Sepsis prediction was performed using Naïve Bayes algorithm in a maximum a posteriori framework up to 24 h before clinical sepsis suspicion.ResultsTwenty sepsis cases were identified. Combining multiple vital signs improved algorithm performance compared to heart rate characteristics alone. This enabled a prediction of sepsis with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.82, up to 24 h before clinical sepsis suspicion. Moreover, 10 h prior to clinical suspicion, the risk of sepsis increased 150‐fold.ConclusionThe present algorithm using non‐invasive patient data provides useful predictive value for neonatal sepsis detection. Machine learning‐assisted algorithms are promising novel methods that could help individualise patient care and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Additive Subdistribution Hazards Regression for Competing Risks Data in Case-Cohort Studies
Authors: Wogu Adane F. , Li Haolin , Zhao Shanshan , Nichols Hazel B. , Cai Jianwen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In survival data analysis, a competing risk is an event whose occurrence precludes or alters the chance of the occurrence of the primary event of interest. In large cohort studies with long-term follow-up, there are often competing risks. Further, if the event of interest is rare in such large studies, the case-cohort study design is widely used to reduce the cost and achieve the same efficiency as a cohort study. The conventional additive hazards modeling for competing risks data in case-cohort studies involves the cause-specific hazard function, under which direct assessment of covariate effects on the cumulative incidence function, or the subdistribution, is not possible. In this paper, we consider an additive hazard model for the subdistribution of a competing risk in case-cohort studies. We propose estimating equations based on inverse probability weighting methods for the estimation of the model parameters. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. The performance of the proposed methods in finite samples is examined through simulation studies and the proposed approach is applied to a case-cohort dataset from the Sister Study.
External validation of the SAVED score for venous thromboembolism risk stratification in patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory drugs
Authors: Dima Danai , Li Ang , Granat Lauren M. , Dhillon Puneet , Chamseddine Fatima , Yalamanchali Anirudh , Mirzai Saeid , Wei Wei , Samaras Christy J. , Valent Jason , Anwer Faiz , Khouri Jack 
Published: January 2023

SummarySelective patients with multiple myeloma (MM) receiving immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The SAVED score is a VTE risk prediction model recently incorporated into the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Using retrospective data from 501 MM patients with new IMiD initiation between 2010 and 2019, we performed the first independent external validation of this model. The cumulative incidence of VTE after IMiD initiation at 6 and 12 months was 32% and 42% in the high‐risk group, versus 6% and 9% in the low‐risk group respectively. The C‐statistic of the SAVED score to predict VTE within 12 months of IMiD‐based treatment start was 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–0.78], which outperformed several other VTE risk models in MM patients. Our findings suggest that the SAVED score is an accurate risk assessment tool for VTE stratification in patients initiating IMiD‐containing regimens.
Pediatric mandibular fractures: Surgical management and outcomes in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions
Authors: Sobrero Federica , Roccia Fabio , Galetta Giovanni , Strada Carlo , Gerbino Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground/AimMandibular fractures are the most frequent type of pediatric facial traumatic injury, but their treatment remains controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the surgical treatment and long‐term outcomes of dentate mandibular fractures in children and adolescents.Material and MethodsPatients with mandibular fractures in the dentate area who were surgically treated in the period from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2020, were included. The following data were collected: age, gender, cause and mechanism of injury, fracture site and type, associated maxillofacial fractures, the timing of surgical treatment, Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) score, surgical approach, number and thickness of plates, hospitalization stay and outcome. Patients were divided into three groups: deciduous (≤6 years, group A), mixed (7–12 years, group B), and permanent (13–18 years, group C) dentitions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsDuring the study 91 patients (male: female ratio, 3.8:1), 4 in group A, 12 in group B, and 75 in group C, with 65 single and 52 double fractures were included. An intraoral approach was used in 87% of patients. In group C, 90% of patients were treated with fixation schemes consistent with those suggested in the literature for adults, versus 75% in groups A and B. Median follow‐up time was 20 months. No tooth germ injury or facial asymmetry was observed and only six group C patients had post‐operative malocclusions. Hardware removal occurred in 22% of the patients.ConclusionsThis 20‐year retrospective study shows that open reduction and internal fixation of pediatric dentate mandibular fractures caused no tooth germ damage or disturbances of mandibular growth in any dentition stage. Internal fixation schemes were similar to those used for adults, although it was necessary to adapt hardware size and position according to tooth and patient age.
Option‐implied information and quality of patents
Authors: Li Wei‐Hsien , Liang Jiahang , Lin Zih‐Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research explores how option‐implied information predicts quality of patents. Using several measures of option‐implied information, we find that only the option to stock volume (O/S) ratio positively and significantly predicts quality of patents around patent grant announcements. The findings are not entirely driven by information from the stock market and the probability of informed trading. Further investigations show that the predictability of O/S on patent quality is stronger when market sentiment is high, firms have a higher short‐sale cost, and the quality of patents is relatively high.
Melanoma antigens recognized by T cells and their use for immunotherapy
Authors: Ohta Shigeki , Misawa Aya , Kyi‐Tha‐Thu Chaw , Matsumoto Naomi , Hirose Yoshie , Kawakami Yutaka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMelanoma has been a prototype for cancer immunology research, and the mechanisms of anti‐tumor T‐cell responses have been extensively investigated in patients treated with various immunotherapies. Individual differences in cancer‐immune status are defined mainly by cancer cell characteristics such as DNA mutations generating immunogenic neo‐antigens, and oncogene activation causing immunosuppression, but also by patients' genetic backgrounds such as HLA types and genetic polymorphisms of immune related molecules, and environmental and lifestyle factors such as UV rays, smoking, gut microbiota and concomitant medications; these factors have an influence on the efficacy of immunotherapy. Recent comparative studies on responders and non‐responders in immune‐checkpoint inhibitor therapy using various new technologies including multi‐omics analyses on genomic DNA, mRNA, metabolites and microbiota and single cell analyses of various immune cells have led to the advance of human tumor immunology and the development of new immunotherapy. Based on the new findings from these investigations, personalized cancer immunotherapies along with appropriate biomarkers and therapeutic targets are being developed for patients with melanoma. Here, we will discuss one of the essential subjects in tumor immunology: identification of immunogenic tumor antigens and their effective use in various immunotherapies including cancer vaccines and adoptive T‐cell therapy.
Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality
Authors: Tang Bo , Rocci Katherine S. , Lehmann Anika , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool appear highly variable. Given the complex nature of the SOC pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this pool into different functional components, for example, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC), is of great importance for understanding and predicting SOC dynamics. Importantly, little is known about how these N‐induced changes in SOC components (e.g., changes in the ratios among these fractions) would affect the functionality of the SOC pool, given the differences in nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, and turnover time between POC and MAOC pool. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 803 paired observations from 98 published studies to assess the effect of N addition on these SOC components, and the ratios among these fractions. We found that N addition, on average, significantly increased POC and MAOC pools by 16.4% and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both the ratios of MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC were remarkably decreased by N enrichment (4.1% and 10.1%, respectively). Increases in the POC pool were positively correlated with changes in aboveground plant biomass and with hydrolytic enzymes. However, the positive responses of MAOC to N enrichment were correlated with increases in microbial biomass. Our results suggest that although reactive N deposition could facilitate soil C sequestration to some extent, it might decrease the nutrient density, turnover time, and resistance to disturbance of the SOC pool. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool and its functionality at global scale, which is pivotal for understanding soil C dynamics especially in future scenarios with more frequent and severe perturbations.
The perennial biogas crops cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and field grass pose better autumn and overwintering habitats for arthropods than silage maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Häfner Bastian , Dauber Jens , Schittenhelm Siegfried , Böning Luisa Maria , Darnauer Maren , Wenkebach Lena Luise , Nürnberger Fabian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPerennial energy crops (PECs) can reduce the negative impacts of intensive silage maize cultivation on agroecosystems in Central Europe. Furthermore, the remaining vegetation of PECs after harvest may provide suitable habitat and more beneficial overwintering conditions for arthropods than maize. It was hypothesized that after harvest and in winter, arthropod abundance and biomass are higher in PECs than in silage maize. In a field experiment arranged in a factorial split‐plot design of eight main plots (plot size: 240 m2), the two PECs cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and field grass were compared with silage maize (Zea mays L.) regarding their suitability as autumn (post‐harvest) and overwintering habitats for arthropods. Soil temperature, moisture as well as biomass and abundance of autumn‐active and overwintering arthropods were analyzed for these three crops. Suction sampling was used during autumn and emerging arthropods were sampled with emergence trap sets in spring. In PEC plots, soils were moister and less exposed to cold temperatures than in silage maize. Compared with silage maize, total arthropod abundance and biomass were higher in PEC plots for both sampling periods. Results were similar for most examined arthropod taxa. The results of this study demonstrate that, compared with silage maize, PECs provide suitable post‐harvest habitats and constitute more suitable overwintering habitats for arthropods. Differences are likely to be based on lack of disturbance and the provision of vegetation structures after harvest that function as overwintering habitats for arthropods. It can be concluded that the positive effects of PECs on ground arthropods are not limited to their growing time but continue to a certain extend after harvest and during winter.
It is about inclusion! Mining online reviews to understand the needs of adaptive clothing customers
Authors: Li Muzhen , Zhao Li , Srinivas Sharan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe adaptive clothing market, which focuses on the inclusive design of clothing and footwear for people with varying degrees of disability, has grown substantially in recent years. However, few scholars have sought to understand the perspectives of online adaptive clothing consumers. This study employed topic modelling, sentiment analysis and collocation analysis to discover common themes and insights emerging from online customer reviews, scraped from a third‐party review platform and three retailing web sites. We utilized customer value and functional, expressive and aesthetic theories to group the results from topic modelling into key themes. Clothing function is the most frequently discussed theme in online customer reviews, followed by customer service and clothing aesthetics. Collocation analysis revealed the cause underlying each theme vis‐à‐vis customer satisfaction (e.g., fit and material quality) and dissatisfaction (e.g., sewing defects and lost shipment). The findings contribute to understanding the clothing needs and wants of people living with disabilities. It also provides practical guidelines on product offerings and online service optimization for adaptive clothing retailers.
Comparison of transglutaminase and l‐ascorbic acid additives in improving the quality of bread made from sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps) damaged wheat
Authors: Dizlek Halef , Özer Mehmet Sertaç 
Published: January 2023

SummarySunn pest (SP) is one of the most detrimental wheat bugs in Asia and Europe. Flour milled from SP damaged wheats (SPDW) exhibits weak dough characteristics and unsatisfactory baking quality due to its high protease content. l‐ascorbic acid (l‐AA) and transglutaminase (TG) are the two different bread additives that lead to protein polymerisation via different mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the independent and combined effects of TG and l‐AA additives in improving quality of bread made from SPDW. Compared to l‐AA, TG is an additive that is much more effective for strengthening the dough. The positive effect of l‐AA was more clearly found in flours with low‐level of SPDW (LLSPDW). Bread structure and properties of LLSPDW could be restored by addition of suitable‐levels of l‐AA (75–100 mg/kg) and/or low‐level of TG (0.3%). High‐level of SPDW (HLSPDW) could be restored only by addition of suitable level of TG (≥1%). In bread‐making with HLSPDW flours, TG can be successfully used to maintain dough stability and bread attributes, however, the positive effect of l‐AA remained at very limited levels and cannot compare with the contribution of TG. The results of this study can be utilised to improve the quality of breads made with SPDW flours.
Employee voice on social media — An affordance lens
Authors: Khan Maria , Mowbray Paula K. , Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVoice mechanisms in organizations provide an opportunity for employees to have a say about their work. As new digital mechanisms, such as social media (SM), are being increasingly adopted by organizations for knowledge sharing, employee engagement and general communication, it is important to consider the extent to which SM may facilitate employee voice. The limited attempts to examine SM and employee voice have mostly focused on identifying the contextual factors that could promote constructive voice on SM. The extant literature does not explore how SM features may (or may not) facilitate all types of voice, such as those which promote employee interests. Adopting an affordance lens, this paper answers the call of voice scholars to explore the potential of SM as a voice mechanism by discussing the perceived value of different SM features for different types of employee voice content. The paper brings together SM and voice literature and explores how different SM affordances may potentially facilitate certain voice content more so over others. In doing so, future directions for research of voice on SM are also discussed.
Health‐related quality of life the first year after a prostate cancer diagnosis a systematic review
Authors: Østergaard Louise Dorner , Poulsen Mads Hvid , Jensen Malene Eiberg , Lund Lars , Hildebrandt Malene Grubbe , Nørgaard Birgitte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do patients, newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, experience their health‐related quality of life? There are numerous treatment options, all affecting health‐related quality of life in different ways. How each treatment method affects patients is used when guiding these patients in the choice of treatment. However, we are missing knowledge about how the newly diagnosed patient specifically experiences the first year of treatment, supporting the decision making. Therefore, this review aimed to provide evidence on how newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients experience their health‐related quality of life during the first year after their diagnosis, regardless of treatment choice. This review was performed in 2021 (renewed in 2022) in medline, cinahl, and embase. Studies showing the results for newly diagnosed patients with PC were included. A total of 12 studies were included. Across treatment types, sexual function was the most negatively affected domain, and emotional function was the domain with the most improvement from baseline to 12 months. Active surveillance seems to have similar to no impact on health‐related quality of life, radical proctectomy negatively impacts urinary function, external beam radiotherapy mostly has a negative impact on bowel function, and brachytherapy negatively impacts urinary function. Across treatment types, sexual function was the most negatively affected domain, and emotional function was the domain with the most improvement from baseline to 12 months. This knowledge can be used by urologists and nurses when guiding newly diagnosed patients in how the early part of treatment for prostate cancer is experienced.
Powered tooth brushes are beneficial for long‐term oral health: Results from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND)
Authors: Sager Pauline , Kocher Thomas , Pitchika Vinay , Samietz Stefanie , Völzke Henry , Walter Clemens , Holtfreter Birte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the long‐term effects of the use of powered tooth brush (PTB) in comparison to manual tooth brush (MTB) on periodontitis severity, coronal caries experience, and the number of missing teeth using in a population‐based cohort study.Materials and MethodsUsing 7‐year follow‐up data of 2214 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐TREND), comprehensively adjusted linear models using generalized least squares and ordinal regression models estimated the effects of PTB usage on dental outcomes in complete case and imputed data.ResultsAt follow‐up, PTB users had lower medians for mean probing depth (PD; 2.21 mm) and mean clinical attachment levels (1.73 mm) than MTB users (2.30 and 1.96 mm, respectively). Adjusted models revealed the beneficial effects of PTB usage on follow‐up levels of plaque, bleeding on probing, mean PD, percentage of sites with PDs ≥4 mm, mean clinical attachment levels (all, interdental, and non‐interdental sites, respectively), and the number of missing teeth. For the number of missing teeth, the effects were more pronounced in participants aged ≥50 years. No significant effects of PTB usage on the number of decayed or filled surfaces (all and interdental sites) were found.ConclusionsA recommendation of PTB usage in dental practice could contribute to the long‐term promotion of oral health.