bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signature could robustly predict prognosis and closely associate with response to immunotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuguang , Hu Qianying , Xie Zishan , Chen Shaojing , Li Yixuan , Quan Nali , Huang Kaimeng , Li Riqing , Fang Lishan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays an essential role in PDAC progression. Here, we aim to identify the ERS-related genes in PDAC and build reliable risk models for diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy response of PDAC patients as well as investigate the potential mechanism.

Methods
We obtained PDAC cohorts with transcriptional profiles and clinical data from the ArrayExpress, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct an ERS-related prognostic signature. The CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms were applied to explore the correlation between the prognostic signature and immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways. The GDSC database and TIDE algorithm were used to predict responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, identifying potential drugs for treating patients with PDAC.

Results
We established and validated an ERS-related prognostic signature comprising eight genes (HMOX1, TGFB1, JSRP1, GAPDH, CAV1, CHRNE, CD74 and ERN2). Patients with higher risk scores displayed worse outcomes than those with lower risk scores. PDAC patients in low-risk groups might benefit from immunotherapy. Dasatinib and lapatinib might have potential therapeutic implications in high-risk PDAC patients.

Conclusion
We established and validated an ERS-related prognostic signature comprising eight genes to predict the overall survival outcome of PDAC patients, which closely correlating with the response to immunotherapy and sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs, as well as could be beneficial for formulating clinical strategies and administering individualized treatments.
Proteomic Analysis of Pediatric Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: a Comparative Study with Healthy Controls, Sepsis, Critical Ill, and Active Epstein-Barr virus Infection to Identify Altered Pathways and Candidate Biomarkers
Authors: Li Xun , Luo Ting , Yan Haipeng , Xie Longlong , Yang Yufan , Gong Ling , Tang Zhexuan , Tang Minghui , Zhang Xinping , Huang Jiaotian , Zheng Mincui , Yao Zhenya , Zang Ping , Zhu Desheng , Xiao Zhenghui , Lu Xiulan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by excessive activation of the immune system, along with uncontrolled proliferation of activated macrophages and lymphocytes. The clinical features of HLH often overlap with the clinical features of other severe inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, hindering accurate and timely diagnosis. In this study, we performed a data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomic analysis of 33 pediatric patients with HLH compared with four control groups: 39 healthy children, 43 children with sepsis, 39 children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit without confirmed infections, and 21 children with acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. Proteomic comparisons between the HLH group and each of the control groups showed that HLH was characterized by alterations in complement and coagulation cascades, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and platelet activation pathways. We identified eight differentially expressed proteins in patients with HLH, including plastin-2 (LCP1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1, fibrinogen beta chain, fibrinogen gamma chain, serum amyloid A-4 protein, extracellular matrix protein 1, apolipoprotein A-I, and albumin. LCP1 emerged as a candidate diagnostic marker for HLH with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 in the original cohort and an AUC of 0.90 (sensitivity = 0.83 and specificity = 1.0) in the validation cohort. Complement C1q subcomponent subunit B was associated with disease severity in patients with HLH. Based on comparisons with multiple control groups, this study provides a proteomic profile and candidate biomarkers of HLH, offering researchers novel information to improve the understanding of this condition.
Potential of Lauryl Gallate as Stability and Recyclability Improver of Poly (Butylene succinate-co-adipate)
Authors: Rossi Damiano , Cappello Miriam , Filippi Sara , Cinelli Patrizia , Seggiani Maurizia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present study, Lauryl Gallate (LG), a natural antioxidant, was used to improve polymer thermal stability and recyclability of a biodegradable polyester as poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). Neat PBSA and PBSA/LG (0.5 wt% LG) blends were processed by melt extrusion and subjected to multiple consecutive extrusion cycles at 170 °C to prevent the occurrence of thermo-oxidative radical degradation processes of the polymer. Thermal, rheological, morphological, FTIR, and GPC analyses showed the beneficial effect of LG in delaying PBSA thermo-oxidative degradation, reducing polymer fragmentation at low-mid molecular weights compared to the reprocessed virgin PBSA. The use of LG limits the drop of both complex viscosity η* and zero-shear stress viscosity η0 as well as the reduction of crystallinity degree and the enhancement of melt flow rate (MFR). This molecular degradation produces low molecular weight polymer fractions and oligomers that solely affect molten PBSA fluidity. In the presence of 0.5 wt% of LG, the processability of PBSA doubles from six (neat PBSA) up to twelve extrusions until presenting the first signs of degradation of the molten polymer while preserving the mechanical characteristics at the solid state. These mechanical properties remain equivalent to the neat PBSA (Young’s modulus 0.33 GPa, yield strength 19.2 MPa, stress at break 24.4 MPa, and elongation at break 350%). Consequently, LG can be successfully employed as a natural PBSA stabilizer to extend the polymer lifecycle and contribute to the circular economy practice within the processing and manufacturing industry, particularly in the field of PBSA agricultural applications and injection moulded disposable products.
Cobalt Prospectivity Using a Conceptual Fuzzy Logic Overlay Method Enhanced with the Mineral Systems Approach
Authors: Nykänen Vesa , Törmänen Tuomo , Niiranen Tero 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes mineral prospectivity research conducted in Finland to predict favorable areas for cobalt exploration using the “fuzzy logic overlay” method in a GIS platform and public geodata of the Geological Survey of Finland. Cobalt occurs infrequently as a core product in mineral deposits. Therefore, we decided to construct separate conceptual mineral prospectivity models within the Northern Fennoscandian Shield, Finland, for four deposit types: (1) “Orthomagmatic Ni–Cu–Co sulfide deposits,” (2) “Outokumpu-type mantle peridotite-associated volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)-style Cu–Co–Zn–Ni–Ag–Au deposits,” (3) “Talvivaara black shale-hosted Ni–Zn–Cu–Co-type deposits” and (4) “Kuusamo-type (orogenic gold with atypical metal association) Au–Co–Cu–U–LREE deposits”. In addition, we created a model combining till geochemical data with data derived from bedrock drilling and mineral indications, including boulders and outcrops. The mineral prospectivity models were statistically tested with the “receiver operating characteristics” method using exploration drilling data from known mineral deposits as validation sites. In addition, the predictive performance of the models was evaluated by using success rate curves, where the number of previously identified deposits was compared with the area coverage of the predicted highly favorable areas. These results indicate that the knowledge-driven mineral prospectivity method using parameters derived from mineral systems models is effective in defining favorable exploration target areas at the regional scale. This study's innovation lies in its comprehension of the process of evaluating mineral prospectivity when the commodity of interest is not the primary commodity within the mineral system.
Dreyfus is right: knowledge-that limits your skill
Authors: Cappuccio Massimiliano L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSkilful expertise is grounded in practical, performative knowledge-how, not in detached, spectatorial knowledge-that, and knowledge-how is embodied by habitual dispositions, not representation of facts and rules. Consequently, as action control is a key requirement for the intelligent selection, initiation, and regulation of skilful performance,habitualaction control, i.e. the kind of action control based on habitual dispositions, is the true hallmark of skill and the only veridical criterion to evaluate expertise. Not only does this imply that knowledge-that does not make your actions more skilful, but it also implies that it makes them less skilful. This thesis, that I call Radical Habitualism, finds a precursor in Hubert Dreyfus. His approach is considered extreme by most philosophers of skill & expertise: an agent –says Dreyfus–does not perform like an expertwhen they lack the embodied dispositions necessary to control their action habitually or when they stop relying on such dispositions to control their actions. Thus, one cannot perform skilfully if their actions are guided by representations (isomorphic schemas, explicit rules, and contentful instructions), as the know-that that they convey disrupts or diminishes the agent’s habitual engagement with the task at hand. In defence of Radical Habitualism, I will argue that only the contentless know-how embedded in habitual dispositions fulfils (i) the genetic, (ii) the normative, and (iii) the epistemic requirements of skilful performance. I will examine the phenomenological premises supporting Dreyfus’ approach, clarify their significance for a satisfactory normative and explanatory account of skilful expertise, and rebut the most common objections raised by both intellectualists and conciliatory habitualists, concerning hybrid actions guided by a mix of habitual and representational forms of control. In revisiting Dreyfus anti-representationalist approach, I will particularly focus on its epistemological implications, de-emphasizing other considerations related to conscious awareness.
Using Ribonucleoprotein-based CRISPR/Cas9 to Edit Single Nucleotide on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model Type 3 Long QT Syndrome (SCN5A±)
Authors: Ge Ning , Liu Min , Li Rui , Allen Nicholas M. , Galvin Joseph , Shen Sanbing , O’Brien Timothy , Prendiville Terence W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been widely used in cardiac disease modelling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine as they can be differentiated into patient-specific cardiomyocytes. Long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) is one of the more malignant congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) variants with an SCN5A gain-of-function effect on the gated sodium channel. Moreover, the predominant pathogenic variants in LQTS genes are single nucleotide substitutions (missense) and small insertion/deletions (INDEL). CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been utilised to create isogenic hiPSCs to control for an identical genetic background and to isolate the pathogenicity of a single nucleotide change. In this study, we described an optimized and rapid protocol to introduce a heterozygous LQT3-specific variant into healthy control hiPSCs using ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssODN). Based on this protocol, we successfully screened hiPSCs carrying a heterozygous LQT3 pathogenic variant (SCN5A±) with high efficiency (6 out of 69) and confirmed no off-target effect, normal karyotype, high alkaline phosphatase activity, unaffected pluripotency, and in vitro embryonic body formation capacity within 2 weeks. In addition, we also provide protocols to robustly differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and evaluate the electrophysiological characteristics using Multi-electrode Array. This protocol is also applicable to introduce and/or correct other disease-specific variants into hiPSCs for future pharmacological screening and gene therapeutic development.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluating the efficacy of AI content detection tools in differentiating between human and AI-generated text
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. , Elsaid Khaled , Almeer Saeed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content, particularly from models like ChatGPT, presents potential challenges to academic integrity and raises concerns about plagiarism. This study investigates the capabilities of various AI content detection tools in discerning human and AI-authored content. Fifteen paragraphs each from ChatGPT Models 3.5 and 4 on the topic of cooling towers in the engineering process and five human-witten control responses were generated for evaluation. AI content detection tools developed by OpenAI, Writer, Copyleaks, GPTZero, and CrossPlag were used to evaluate these paragraphs. Findings reveal that the AI detection tools were more accurate in identifying content generated by GPT 3.5 than GPT 4. However, when applied to human-written control responses, the tools exhibited inconsistencies, producing false positives and uncertain classifications. This study underscores the need for further development and refinement of AI content detection tools as AI-generated content becomes more sophisticated and harder to distinguish from human-written text.
Bücher am Bildschirm
Authors: Kosch Lukas , Stocker Günther , Schwabe Annika , Boomgaarden Hajo G. 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungMit E‑Readern, Smartphones, Notebooks und Tablets sind neue Lesemedien entstanden, deren Haptik, Räumlichkeit, Visualität und Materialität sich grundlegend von denen des traditionellen Buches unterscheiden und die von einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Textdarstellungen und damit verbundenen Nutzungshandlungen gekennzeichnet sind. Die Frage nach den konkreten Praktiken des literarischen Lesens am Bildschirm und den damit verbundenen literarischen Erfahrungen wird in diesem Beitrag auf der Basis eines Laborexperiments (N=207), einer Fokusgruppenstudie (N=34) und einer quotenbasierten Online-Umfrage (N=779) beantwortet. Die synoptische Auswertung dieser drei veröffentlichten Studien zeigt, dass gerade eine praxeologische Perspektive wichtige Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis der Unterschiede zwischen dem Lesen gedruckter Bücher und E‑Books erbringen kann. Sowohl was die Menge des Gelesenen betrifft als auch die Lektüreauswahl, die Leseorte und Lesesituationen sowie die Erwerbs- und Aufbewahrungsformen, münden die unterschiedlichen Materialitätsprofile von gedruckten und digitalisierten Büchern in unterschiedlichen Praxeographien. Beide Lesemedien erfüllen unterschiedliche Funktionen, gehen mit verschiedenen Lesepraktiken einher und ergänzen sich vielmehr als sich zu ersetzen.
»Geprägte Form«: Erich Rothackers Kulturanthropologie
Authors: Fohrmann Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas geisteswissenschaftliche Modell, das Rothacker entfaltet, ist durchgängig vernetzt durch die Vorstellung von Teilhabe (als Wahrnehmung, in Tradition, in Gemeinschaft); dieses Modell verändert sich über die Jahre nicht grundlegend. Die Rothacker’schen Schriften akzentuieren jeweils Dimensionen einer Vorstellung von »geprägter Form« (J. W. Goethe, »Urworte Orphisch«), die als Lebensstil für Individuen wie Nationen gleichermaßen bindend wirkt. Der Rothacker’sche Ansatz erlaubt es dabei strukturell, Umbesetzungen (z. B. im Andienen an den Nationalsozialismus) vorzunehmen, ohne das eigene Modell umfassend revidieren zu müssen. Mit Rothackers Interpretation »geprägter Form« sind kulturelle Wertsetzungen verbunden.
How Should Personal and Political Autonomy Feature in the ECtHR’s Margin of Appreciation?
Authors: Scherz Antoinette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCourts are often criticised as undemocratic. The backlash against international courts in the last decade is also partly driven by this concern. Human rights courts’ legitimacy is particularly challenged because they aim to protect human rights against the very states that need to comply with and implement the courts’ judgements. Therefore, several international courts have developed mechanisms of deference to states. One especially interesting tool is the European Court of Human Rights’ margin of appreciation doctrine. This paper proposes that the margin of appreciation can ensure the conditions of personal autonomy by protecting human rights while respecting the democratic decisions of states. Yet, states’ decisions should only be respected insofar as they realise political autonomy. Understanding the margin in this way allows us to critically evaluate arguments made under this label. The paper reviews developments in the ECtHR practice with regard to (a) different cases that use the margin of appreciation doctrine, (b) appeals to a European consensus, and (c) the procedural turn in its review and assesses whether and how they can be justified in the light of considerations about personal and political autonomy.
Reproducibility, verifiability, and computational historical research
Authors: Burrows Toby 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital humanities methods have been at the heart of a recent series of high-profile historical research projects. But these approaches raise new questions about reproducibility and verifiability in a field of research where grounding one’s conclusions in a body of historical evidence is crucial. While there have been extensive debates about the nature and methods of historical research since the nineteenth century, the underlying assumption has generally been that documenting one’s sources in a series of footnotes is essential to enable other researchers to test the validity of the research. Even if this approach never amounted to “reproducibility” in the sense of scientific experimentation, it might still be seen as broadly analogous, since the evidence can be reassembled to see the basis for the explanations that were offered and to test their validity. This essay examines how new digital methods like topic modelling, network analysis, knowledge graphs, species models, and various kinds of visualizations are affecting the process of reproducing and verifying historical research. Using examples drawn from recent research projects, it identifies a need for thorough documentation and publication of the different layers of digital research: digital and digitized collections, descriptive metadata, the software used for analysis and visualizations, and the various settings and configurations.
Identifying the Common Elements of Early Childhood Interventions Supporting Cognitive Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Mamedova Kamilla , Laurenzi Christina A. , Gordon Sarah , Tomlinson Mark , Fearon Pasco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPsychosocial interventions for infants and young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have great potential, but there is a large and diverse range of techniques and procedures used within them, which poses challenges to evaluating and adapting them for scale-up. Our objective was to review psychosocial interventions conducted in LMICs to improve young children’s cognitive outcomes, and identify common techniques used across effective interventions. We systematically searched for relevant reviews using academic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed) and subject-specific databases (EPPI Centre, WHO Global Health Library, UNICEF Publications Database) for publications dated up to March 2021. Reviews of psychosocial interventions aimed at parents and children in LMICs, measuring child cognitive outcomes, were eligible. Study selection was performed in duplicate. Review characteristics and effectiveness data were extracted, with a proportion checked by a second reviewer. AMSTAR2 was applied to assess review strength. The PracticeWise coding system was used to distil practice elements from effective interventions. We included ten systematic reviews demonstrating evidence of effectiveness. Comprehensive interventions of higher intensity and longer duration yielded better results. From these reviews, 28 effective interventions were identified; their protocols and/or linked publications were coded for common practice elements. Six elements occurred in ≥ 75% of protocols: attachment building, play/pretend, psychoeducation, responsive care, talking to baby, and toys use. Interventions and reviews were highly heterogenous, limiting generalizability. LMIC-based psychosocial interventions can be effective in improving children’s cognitive development. Identifying common practice elements of effective interventions can inform future development and implementation of ECD programs in LMICs.
Factors and mechanisms regulating heavy metal phycoremediation in polluted water
Authors: Nyika Joan , Dinka Megersa Olumana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid advances to industrialization and population increases have put aquatic ecosystems at high risk of pollution from various industrial and municipal effluents. The effluents consist of heavy metals (HM), micropollutants, nutrients, microorganisms, solids, particulates and dissolved matter. To this effect, pollutant remediation in such ecosystems is inevitable and of interest in global research. In this study, phycoremediation and its potential to bioremediate HM from polluted aqueous solutions is of focus. The factors influencing the process and the mechanisms involved are explored. The study established that available functional groups in microalgae, cell surfaces characteristics, type of microalgae species used, nutrient availability, size of biosorbent and metal concentration are some environmental factors, which influence phycoremediation success. Uptake of HM from contaminated water is regulated by mechanisms such as volatilization, bio-methylation, enzyme catalyzation, compartmentalization, extracellular polymeric substances-complexation, extracellular biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation. To ensure high pollutant removal efficacy, improved adaptability of microalgae to HM-polluted systems and high resilience to attack by foreign agents, a number of mechanisms can be adopted. These include microalgal pretreatment with chemicals, bioengineering and biotechnological advances such a gene encoding, synthesis of transgenic proteins, gene overexpression, modification of microalgal cell surfaces with nanoparticles and the use of a consortium of microbes. This study noted that optimizing the discussed factors and mechanisms will promote field-scale application of phycoremediation in water treatment to remove HM.