bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural biases in the interaction with food objects in virtual reality and its clinical implication for binge eating disorder
Authors: Max Sebastian M. , Schag Kathrin , Giel Katrin E. , Plewnia Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCognitive processes play a central role in the development, maintenance and remission in mental disorders, like in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Insights into cognitive mechanisms reflected by embodied interaction with food and its connections to clinically relevant psychopathology offer new possibilities for translational diagnostics and interventions. We longitudinally investigated the manual interaction with food in a virtual reality (VR) in 31 patients with BED. Patients were assessed at baseline before participating in a randomized-controlled trial (RCT) investigating a computer-based inhibitory control training programme enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and at a 6-week follow-up. At both assessments, an experimental VR paradigm was conducted and patients were characterized concerning eating disorder psychopathology, eating behaviour, general impulsivity and food craving. In the experimental task, one of two simultaneously presented objects (food vs. office tools) had to be collected. Food was recognized faster than office tools and subsequent approach behaviour was initiated faster, whereas thereafter, food was collected slower than office tools. Exploratory, we could not find a modulatory effect of applied tDCS on the interaction with food. No relationship between behavioural biases and sample characterizations could be detected. Two different stages in the manual interaction with food were found: a faster first stage that comprises recognition and movement initiation and a slower second stage that comprises controlled handling and may reflect aversive motivational processes. As the behavioural patterns do not change with an ameliorated BED-psychopathology at the second assessment, the task seems insensitive in detecting translational interconnections between behavioural biases and BED-characteristics.Level of evidence: Level I, experimental study.
Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors
Authors: Luo Yibing , Li Jianye , Ding Qiongling , Wang Hao , Liu Chuan , Wu Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreathing is an inherent human activity; however, the composition of the air we inhale and gas exhale remains unknown to us. To address this, wearable vapor sensors can help people monitor air composition in real time to avoid underlying risks, and for the early detection and treatment of diseases for home healthcare. Hydrogels with three-dimensional polymer networks and large amounts of water molecules are naturally flexible and stretchable. Functionalized hydrogels are intrinsically conductive, self-healing, self-adhesive, biocompatible, and room-temperature sensitive. Compared with traditional rigid vapor sensors, hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors can directly fit human skin or clothing, and are more suitable for real-time monitoring of personal health and safety. In this review, current studies on hydrogel-based vapor sensors are investigated. The required properties and optimization methods of wearable hydrogel-based sensors are introduced. Subsequently, existing reports on the response mechanisms of hydrogel-based gas and humidity sensors are summarized. Related works on hydrogel-based vapor sensors for their application in personal health and safety monitoring are presented. Moreover, the potential of hydrogels in the field of vapor sensing is elucidated. Finally, the current research status, challenges, and future trends of hydrogel gas/humidity sensing are discussed.
Two-phase heat transfer microchannel system identification with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach
Authors: Yatim Hanim Mohd , Mohd-Ghazali Normah , Mohamad Maziah , Pamitran Agus Sunjarianto , Novianto Sentot 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe complex behavior of two-phase flow particularly in microchannels can be unpredictable. Experimental measurements are near impossible because of the unavailable compatible assessment equipment. Meanwhile, repeated experiments for reliability of outcomes are costly and involved much time and effort. Environmentally friendly propane is currently being considered as a replacement for hazardous coolants in available refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. This paper reports a system identification (SI) analysis of the collected experimental data of two-phase flow of refrigerant R290 in a microchannel test rig. An ARX model was chosen as the dynamic model, and the modeling of the input–output data was done using a new methodology based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Measured temperature difference across the microchannel test section and the mass flow rate were the input and output, respectively. The performance of the particle swarm optimization with discoverer (PSOd) was investigated and compared to the original PSO technique. The model was then validated by mean-squared error (MSE). Results demonstrate the advantages of discoverer in PSOd over its standard counterpart with a smaller MSE of 6.2629 × 10−11 and a faster convergence. The SI allows a better prediction of the mass flow rate before any further experiments to obtain the heat transfer coefficient are done. The model provides better management of design of experiments that involve the complex two-phase flow in a microchannel, consequently saving experimental time and cost.
CLinician and patient characteristics effect on Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions (CLASI) study
Authors: Ausman Sara E. , Mara Kristin C. , Brown Caitlin S. , Epps Kevin L. , Kooda Kirstin , Mendez Julio , Rivera Christina G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:To determine whether the gender of clinicians making antimicrobial stewardship recommendations has an impact on intervention acceptance rate.Design:A retrospective, multivariable analysis of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback outcomes.Setting:A multisite healthcare system including Mayo Clinic Rochester (MN), Mayo Clinic Arizona, Mayo Clinic Florida and 17 health-system hospital sites, where prospective audit and feedback is performed and documented within an electronic tool embedded in the medical record.Participants:The study included 143 Mayo Clinic clinicians (84 cisfemales and 59 cismales).Methods:Outcomes were analyzed from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2022, for intervention rates, communication methods, and intervention acceptance by clinician gender, profession, patient age, and intensive care unit (ICU) status of patient.Results:Of 81,927 rules, 71,729 rules met study inclusion. There were 18,175 (25%) rules associated with an intervention. Most of the rules were reviewed by pharmacists (86.2%) and stewardship staff (85.5%). Of 10,363 interventions with an outcome documented, 8,829 (85.2%) were accepted and 1,534 (14.8%) were rejected. Female clinicians had 6,782 (86.5%) of 7,843 interventions accepted, and male clinicians had 2,047 (81.2%) of 2,520 interventions accepted (P = .19). Female patients had more interventions than male patients (female vs male: 25.9% vs 24.9%; OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08; P = .001). Patients in the ICU had a significantly lower intervention acceptance rate (ICU vs non-ICU: 78.2% vs 86.7%; OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45–0.7; P < .001).Conclusions:Female and male clinicians were equally effective at prospective audit and feedback in a multisite antimicrobial stewardship program. Patients in the ICU were less likely to have stewardship interventions accepted.
The significance of extended high-frequency audiometry in tinnitus patients with normal hearing as evaluated via conventional pure tone audiometry
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Shen Weidong , Yang Shiming , Wang Fangyuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to determine whether extended high-frequency audiometry was capable of better differentiating between participants with normal hearing who did or did not have subjective tinnitus.MethodsA total of 96 study participants were enrolled: 36 patients with unilateral tinnitus, 28 patients with bilateral tinnitus and 32 volunteers as controls. All 96 participants exhibited normal audiometry findings and hearing thresholds. Extended high-frequency audiometry was used to evaluate these patients.ResultsThere were differences between the extended high-frequency hearing thresholds of affected and unaffected ears in those with unilateral tinnitus, and in the 20–29-year-old bilateral tinnitus group, at 11.2, 12.5 and 14 kHz. Unilateral tinnitus subgroups had higher extended high-frequency hearing thresholds than those in control subjects, at all extended high frequencies.ConclusionExtended high-frequency audiometry can offer additional information regarding the hearing status of patients with tinnitus who exhibit normal pure tone thresholds when analysed via conventional hearing thresholds.
Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections
Authors: Buono Francesco , Veneziano Vincenzo , Veronesi Fabrizia , Molento Marcelo Beltrão 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn June 2022, at the XXXII Conference of the Italian Society of Parasitology, the parallels of the main endoparasitic infections of horses and donkeys were discussed. Although these 2 species are genetically different, they can be challenged by a similar range of parasites (i.e. small and large strongyles, andParascarisspp.). Although equids can demonstrate some level of resilience to parasites, they have quite distinct helminth biodiversity, distribution and intensity among different geographical locations and breeds. Heavily infected donkeys may show fewer clinical signs than horses. Although parasite control is primarily provided to horses, we consider that there may be a risk of drug-resistance parasitic infection through passive infection in donkeys when sharing the same pasture areas. Knowing the possible lack of drug efficacy (<90 or 80%), it is advocated the use of selective treatment for both species based on fecal egg counts. Adult horses should receive treatment when the threshold exceeds 200–500 eggs per gram (EPG) of small strongyles. Moreover, considering that there are no precise indications in donkeys, a value >300 EPG may be a safe recommendation. We have highlighted the main points of the discussion including the dynamics of helminth infections between the 2 species.
Beliefs about illness: comparing foreign- and native-born persons with type 2 diabetes living in Sweden in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hadziabdic Emina , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aim:
Based on previous qualitative studies, it was hypothesised that dissimilarities in beliefs about illness, which influence healthcare-seeking behaviour, exist between foreign- and native-born persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes living in Sweden (in the following termed ‘Swedish-born’).

Background:
Beliefs about illness are individual, culturally related, based on knowledge, and guide health-related behaviour, and thus have an impact on health. The question is whether beliefs differ between foreign- and native-born persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. No previous comparative studies have been found on this. Based on previous qualitative studies, it was hypothesised that dissimilarities in beliefs about illness, which influence healthcare-seeking behaviour, exist between foreign- and native-born (Swedish) persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes living in Sweden.

Methods:
Cross-sectional survey, 138 participants, comprising 69 foreign- and 69 Swedish-born persons aged 33–90 vs 48–91 years. Data were analysed with descriptive and analytic statistics.

Findings:
Beliefs about illness differed between foreign- and Swedish-born persons concerning causes of diabetes and healthcare-seeking behaviour. Foreign-born persons more often than Swedish-born persons reported uncertainty or lack of knowledge about whether heredity (67% vs 90%, P = 0.002) and pancreatic disease (40% vs 62%, P = 0.037) could cause diabetes. To a higher extent than Swedish-born persons, they reported that emotional stress and anxiety could cause the disease. Furthermore, they claimed they had sought care due to diabetes during the last 6 months to a higher extent than Swedish-born persons (30% vs 4%, P = 0.000).
The findings confirmed that dissimilarities in beliefs about illness, including the causes of diabetes and healthcare-seeking behaviour, exist between foreign- and Swedish-born persons with type 2 diabetes.
Model‐Data Comparison of Antarctic Winter Sea‐Ice Extent and Southern Ocean Sea‐Surface Temperatures During Marine Isotope Stage 5e
Authors: Chadwick M. , Sime L. C. , Allen C. S. , Guarino M.‐V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (130–116 ka) represents a “laboratory” for evaluating climate model performance under warmer‐than‐present conditions. Climate model simulations for MIS 5e have previously failed to produce Southern Ocean (SO) sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea‐ice extent reconstructed from marine sediment core proxy records. Here we compare state of the art HadGEM3 and HadCM3 simulations of Peak MIS 5e SO summer SSTs and September sea‐ice concentrations with the latest marine sediment core proxy data. The model outputs and proxy records show the least consistency in the regions located near the present‐day SO gyre boundaries, implying the possibility that model simulations are currently unable to fully realize changes in gyre extent and position during MIS 5e. Including Heinrich 11 meltwater forcing in Peak MIS 5e climate simulations improves the likeness to proxy data but it is clear that longer (3–4 ka) run times are required to fully test the consistency between models and data.
Impact of Monthly Age Model on Coral Paleothermometer Fidelity: Insights From the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Dang Shaohua , Liu Zhongfang , Yu Kefu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe strontium‐to‐calcium (Sr/Ca) ratio of coral is widely used as a paleothermometer for tropical sea surface temperature (SST) at subannual resolutions. The fidelity of Sr/Ca‐derived SST estimates largely depends on the properties of the monthly age model selected. Here, we develop a revised monthly age model for coral Sr/Ca estimation from the northern South China Sea based on specific tie points and evaluate the impacts of different age models on SST reconstruction. Our results indicate that our revised monthly age model reduces conversion errors by up to nearly 20%–30% relative to previously reported values, thereby improving the precision of seasonal SST estimates and enabling better paleoclimate interpretations, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. The revised monthly age model provides a generalized approach for developing more robust seasonal resolution Sr/Ca–SST reconstructions in other regions.
Characteristics of Boomerang Whistler‐Mode Waves Emitted From the DSX Spacecraft
Authors: Starks M. J. , Lauben D. S. , Albert J. M. , Farrell W. M. , Galkin I. A. , Ginet G. P. , Inan U. S. , Johnston W. R. , Linscott I. R. , Sanchez J. C. , Song P. , Tu J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Air Force Research Laboratory's Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) spacecraft carried a high‐voltage very low frequency transmitter and a sensitive broadband receiver to medium Earth orbit in 2019. During many pulsed transmission experiments, DSX detected apparent “boomerang” echoes when its emitted waves refracted in the magnetosphere and returned to the spacecraft. We simulated a series of these detected pulses using cold plasma ray tracing to characterize their likely wavelengths, indices of refraction, and initial wave normal angles. The waves were shown to remain relatively local to DSX, to be lightly damped, and to have a wide variety of wavelengths and indices of refraction, but they were all emitted with very oblique wave normal angles tightly clustered about half a degree from the Gendrin angle, which theoretical antenna models predict is preferentially excited. Our results are remarkably consistent with this prediction but are statistically biased closer to the resonance cone, possibly because of limitations in the ray tracing technique. The result is robust to perturbations of the simulation and confirms a very narrow beam of oblique radiation quite unlike the behavior of a dipole in vacuo.
The Ionospheric Effects of the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption and the Associated Impacts on GPS Precise Point Positioning Across the Australian Region
Authors: Carter B. A. , Pradipta R. , Dao T. , Currie J. L. , Choy S. , Wilkinson P. , Maher P. , Marshall R. , Harima K. , Le Huy M. , Nguyen Chien T. , Nguyen Ha T. , Harris T. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Hunga Tonga Volcano eruption launched a myriad of atmospheric waves that have been observed to travel around the world several times. These waves generated traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) in the ionosphere, which are known to adversely impact radio applications such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). One such GNSS application is Precise Point Positioning (PPP), which can achieve cm‐level accuracy using a single receiver, following a typical convergence time of 30 min to 1 hr. A network of ionosondes located throughout the Australian region were used in combination with GNSS receivers to explore the impacts of the Hunga Tonga Volcano eruption on the ionosphere and what subsequent impacts they had on PPP. It is shown that PPP accuracy was not significantly impacted by the arrival of the TIDs and Spread‐F, provided that PPP convergence had already been achieved. However, when the PPP algorithm was initiated from a cold start either shortly before or after the TID arrivals, the convergence times were significantly longer. GNSS stations in northeastern Australia experienced increases in convergence time of more than 5 hr. Further analysis reveals increased convergence times to be caused by a super equatorial plasma bubble (EPB), the largest observed over Australia to date. The EPB structure was found to be ∼42 TECU deep and ∼300 km across, traveling eastwards at 30 m/s. The Hunga Tonga Volcano eruption serves as an excellent example of how ionospheric variability can impact real‐world applications and the challenges associated with modeling the ionosphere to support GNSS.
Topology of vibrational modes predicts plastic events in glasses
Authors: Wu Zhen Wei , Chen Yixiao , Wang Wei-Hua , Kob Walter , Xu Limei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe plastic deformation of crystalline materials can be understood by considering their structural defects such as disclinations and dislocations. Although also glasses are solids, their structure resembles closely the one of a liquid and hence the concept of structural defects becomes ill-defined. As a consequence it is very challenging to rationalize on a microscopic level the mechanical properties of glasses close to the yielding point and to relate plastic events to structural properties. Here we investigate the topological characteristics of the eigenvector field of the vibrational excitations of a two-dimensional glass model, notably the geometric arrangement of the topological defects as a function of vibrational frequency. We find that if the system is subjected to a quasistatic shear, the location of the resulting plastic events correlate strongly with the topological defects that have a negative charge. Our results provide thus a direct link between the structure of glasses prior their deformation and the plastic events during deformation.
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity rescues neural coding reliability
Authors: Rozenfeld Eyal , Ehmann Nadine , Manoim Julia E. , Kittel Robert J. , Parnas Moshe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo survive, animals must recognize reoccurring stimuli. This necessitates a reliable stimulus representation by the neural code. While synaptic transmission underlies the propagation of neural codes, it is unclear how synaptic plasticity can maintain coding reliability. By studying the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster, we aimed to obtain a deeper mechanistic understanding of how synaptic function shapes neural coding in the live, behaving animal. We show that the properties of the active zone (AZ), the presynaptic site of neurotransmitter release, are critical for generating a reliable neural code. Reducing neurotransmitter release probability of olfactory sensory neurons disrupts both neural coding and behavioral reliability. Strikingly, a target-specific homeostatic increase of AZ numbers rescues these defects within a day. These findings demonstrate an important role for synaptic plasticity in maintaining neural coding reliability and are of pathophysiological interest by uncovering an elegant mechanism through which the neural circuitry can counterbalance perturbations.
A pilot study of closed-loop neuromodulation for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Gill Jay L. , Schneiders Julia A. , Stangl Matthias , Aghajan Zahra M. , Vallejo Mauricio , Hiller Sonja , Topalovic Uros , Inman Cory S. , Villaroman Diane , Bari Ausaf , Adhikari Avishek , Rao Vikram R. , Fanselow Michael S. , Craske Michelle G. , Krahl Scott E. , Chen James W. Y. , Vick Merit , Hasulak Nicholas R. , Kao Jonathan C. , Koek Ralph J. , Suthana Nanthia , Langevin Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe neurophysiological mechanisms in the human amygdala that underlie post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remain poorly understood. In a first-of-its-kind pilot study, we recorded intracranial electroencephalographic data longitudinally (over one year) in two male individuals with amygdala electrodes implanted for the management of treatment-resistant PTSD (TR-PTSD) under clinical trial NCT04152993. To determine electrophysiological signatures related to emotionally aversive and clinically relevant states (trial primary endpoint), we characterized neural activity during unpleasant portions of three separate paradigms (negative emotional image viewing, listening to recordings of participant-specific trauma-related memories, and at-home-periods of symptom exacerbation). We found selective increases in amygdala theta (5–9 Hz) bandpower across all three negative experiences. Subsequent use of elevations in low-frequency amygdala bandpower as a trigger for closed-loop neuromodulation led to significant reductions in TR-PTSD symptoms (trial secondary endpoint) following one year of treatment as well as reductions in aversive-related amygdala theta activity. Altogether, our findings provide early evidence that elevated amygdala theta activity across a range of negative-related behavioral states may be a promising target for future closed-loop neuromodulation therapies in PTSD.
Interplay of hidden orbital order and superconductivity in CeCoIn5
Authors: Chen Weijiong , Neerup Breiø Clara , Massee Freek , Allan Milan P. , Petrovic ‪Cedomir , Davis J. C. Séamus , Hirschfeld Peter J. , Andersen Brian M. , Kreisel Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVisualizing atomic-orbital degrees of freedom is a frontier challenge in scanned microscopy. Some types of orbital order are virtually imperceptible to normal scattering techniques because they do not reduce the overall crystal lattice symmetry. A good example is dxz/dyz (π,π) orbital order in tetragonal lattices. For enhanced detectability, here we consider the quasiparticle scattering interference (QPI) signature of such (π,π) orbital order in both normal and superconducting phases. The theory reveals that sublattice-specific QPI signatures generated by the orbital order should emerge strongly in the superconducting phase. Sublattice-resolved QPI visualization in superconducting CeCoIn5 then reveals two orthogonal QPI patterns at lattice-substitutional impurity atoms. We analyze the energy dependence of these two orthogonal QPI patterns and find the intensity peaked near E = 0, as predicted when such (π,π) orbital order is intertwined with d-wave superconductivity. Sublattice-resolved superconductive QPI techniques thus represent a new approach for study of hidden orbital order.