bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonidine versus Adrenaline as an Adjunct to Lignocaine on Haemodynamic Parameters during Nerve Block for Third Molar Surgical Removal - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tirupathi Sunny Priyatham , Afnan Lamea , Alahari Swetha , Challa Ramasubbareddy 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Adrenaline or clonidine is used as adjuncts in conjunction with lignocaine to improve the depth of local anaesthesia in dental procedures.

Objectives:
This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to compare the haemodynamic parameters when clonidine or adrenaline is used in conjunction with lignocaine for third-molar surgical removal.

Data Sources:
Cochrane, PubMed and Ovid SP databases were searched using “MeSH” terms (((nerve block) OR (IANB)) AND ((clonidine) OR (adrenaline))) AND (lignocaine).

Study Eligibility Criteria:
Clinical studies where Clonidine + lignocaine and Adrenaline + lignocaine were compared directly during nerve block administration exclusively for third molar surgical removal were selected.

Participants, Study Appraisal:
This current systematic review is registered in Prospero database CRD42021279446. Two independent reviewers were involved in collection, segregation and analysis of electronic data. The data were compiled in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Search was conducted till June 2021.

Synthesis Methods:
Qualitative analysis of the selected articles was performed for systematic review. Meta-analysis is performed using RevMan 5 Software. Heterogeneity through the I2 statistics. Change in the haemodynamic parameters was the primary outcome evaluated, and secondary outcomes evaluated were onset and duration of anaesthesia in both the groups.

Results:
In all databases, 1141 records were screened, out of which a total of 21 articles were included for the evaluation for full-text analysis. Out of these, 16 articles were excluded and 5 articles were included for the final systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed only for 4 studies.

Conclusion:
Amongst the evaluated haemodynamic parameters, there was a significant reduction in the heart rate (baseline to intraoperative period) in clonidine and lignocaine groups than in adrenaline and lignocaine groups during nerve block administration for third molar surgical removal. There was no significant difference between other primary and secondary outcomes evaluated.

Limitations:
Blinding was not performed in all the studies, randomisation was performed in only three studies. The volume of local anaesthesia deposited varied in the studies (2 mL in three studies and 2.5 mL in two studies). Most of the studies (n = 4) were evaluated on normal adults and only one study evaluated mild hypertensive patients.
Role of the Maxillofacial Surgeon in Identifying the Correlation Between Facial Bone Fractures and Traumatic Brain Injury - A Prospective Study
Authors: Navaneetham Romir , Menon Suresh , Sham M. Ehtaih , Kumar Veerendra 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Maxillofacial trauma accounts for a high percentage of patients reporting to the emergency medicine department and being admitted in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to form a direct association between maxillofacial fractures and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods:
Ninety patients with maxillofacial fractures that reported to/were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were observed for features indicative of TBI based on clinical presentation and radiological interpretations. Parameters such as loss of consciousness, vomiting, dizziness, headache, seizures and the requirement for intubation, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea and otorrhoea were also assessed. Appropriate radiographs for the diagnosis of the fracture were taken followed by a computed tomography (CT) scan when indicated in accordance to the Canadian CT Head Rule. These scans were then assessed for contusion, extradural haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, pneumocephalus and cranial bone fracture.

Results:
A total of 90 patients were evaluated, of which 91.1% were males and 8.9% were females. Association between the occurrence of head injury and different maxillofacial bone fractures using the Chi-square test showed a statistical significance of <0.001 in patients with naso-orbito-ethmoid as well as frontal bone fractures. There was a clear association between fractures present in the upper as well as the middle third of the face and traumatic head injury (P ≤ 0.001).

Discussion:
Patients with the frontal bone and zygomatic bone fractures have a high prevalence of TBI. Patients with the upper and middle third of the face injury are more prone to traumatic head injury and importance should be given to patients with the same and prevent poor prognosis.
A Non-Randomised Matched-Pair Prospective Study to Evaluate Nutritional Assessment and Its Impact on Postoperative Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Kakati Kaberi , Maibam Puspakishore Singh , Ingtipi Dimi , Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Nutrition plays a significant role in the life of every individual and helps in recovering from any injury including surgery. Pre-treatment malnutrition is found in 15%–40% of cases and can influence treatment outcome. The study aims to determine the impact of nutritional status on the post-operative outcome after head and neck cancer surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This study was carried out in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery for a period of one year from May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. Only surgical cases were taken up for the study. The cases (Group A) had a thorough nutritional assessment and dietary intervention if necessary. The dietician did the assessment via Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) questionnaire. After the evaluation, they were again subdivided into two subgroups depending on their nutritional status – well nourished (SGA-A) and malnourished (SGA-B and C). Dietary counselling was given for minimum 15 days preoperatively. The cases were compared with a matched control group (Group B).

Results:
Both the groups were well matched in terms of the site of primary tumour and duration of surgery. Around 70% were found to be malnourished in Group A. With dietary counselling, there has been a significant improvement in various parameters of post-operative outcome (P < 0.05).

Discussion:
This study highlights the close association and the importance of nutritional assessment for all head and neck cancer cases planned for surgery for an uneventful post-operative outcome. Adequate nutritional assessment and dietary intervention in the pre-operative period can go a long way in reducing post-operative morbidity in surgical patients.
Functional Rehabilitation after Mandibular Fracture - A Systematic Review
Authors: Petronis Zygimantas , Spaicyte Nerija , Sakalys Dovydas , Januzis Gintaras 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of functional rehabilitation in terms of mouth opening, quality of life, healing process, occlusion and dysfunction, between different treatment methods, after condylar fractures, based on the current literature.

Methods:
Using the PRISMA guidelines in search of clinical trials published between 2011 and 2021, a literature analysis was performed. This search was conducted using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: rehabilitation OR mouth opening recovery OR function recovery AND mandibular fracture OR condylar fracture.

Results:
The literature search resulted in a total of 110 study articles, of which seven publications were used in the present review, according to a selection based on the pre-established eligibility criteria. The review showed that open reduction resulted in a better three-dimensional recovery of mandibular movements and revealed greater results regarding the absence of the symptoms after applied treatment. However, studies assessing closed reduction, especially performed with intermaxillary fixation screws (IMFS), revealed excellent results in terms of quality of life, mouth opening and occlusal parameters.

Discussion:
This systematic literature review showed that open reduction resulted in a better three-dimensional recovery of mandibular movements and showed greater results regarding the absence of symptoms. However, studies assessing CR, especially those performed with IMFS, revealed excellent results in terms of quality of life, mouth opening and occlusal parameters.
Gender-based predilection for the microbial load of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans present in anterior versus posterior implant sites
Authors: Sengupta Soumee , Ganesh S. , Meenakshi S. , Rao Raghavendra M. , Swamy K. N. Raghavendra 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of Study:
Bacterial biofilm-induced peri-implantitis has been one of the leading causes of implant failure. There are a plethora of local and systemic factors that have been studied at a depth and thereafter have been proven to have a contributory role in the overall disease progression. Epidemiological factors such as site specificity and gender stand to be two confounding factors that have insufficiency in the literature regarding their involvement in the same. Thus, the present article aims to address this gap in the literature and present conclusive evidence about the gender-based comparative evaluation of the microbial load of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, one of the potential periodontopathogens for the disease progression, present in anterior versus posterior implant sites.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve patients (six males and six females) undergoing the implant prosthetic rehabilitation at two intraoral sites, one anterior and one posterior region, were selected as suitable subjects and the healing abutments as the clinical test samples. Culture-independent microbiological analysis was carried out for all the samples for quantification of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Results:
The mean viable bacterial DNA count was 503076.49 copies/μL for the male subjects and 474587.85 copies/μL for the female subjects. Hence, there was no significant function correlating gender specificity and the viable bacterial DNA counts. The mean total of viable bacterial DNA counts for the anterior region (site 1) was 407087.17 copies/μL and for the posterior region (site 2) was 570577.17 copies/μL, irrespective of the gender. Thus, a highly significant difference was observed in the mean viable bacterial DNA counts between site 1 and site 2 (F = 20.214; P = 0.001) irrespective of the gender.

Conclusion:
There seems to be no gender-based predilection for the quantification of viable bacterial DNA counts for A. actinomycetemcomitans. However, a propensity for the presence of higher bacterial load of A. actinomycetemcomitans, one of the causative microorganisms of per-implant diseases, does exist for the implants placed in the posterior region as compared to those placed in the anterior region.
Commissioning and Dosimetric Results of an Indigenously Developed Intra-Vaginal Template for Interstitial Plus Intracavitary High dose Rate Image-Guided Brachytherapy of Advanced Cervix Cancer
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Venkatesan , Banerjee Susovan , Kataria Tejinder , Abraham Susan K , Kamaraj Dayanithi , Tamilselvan Singaravelu , Gupta Deepak , Bisht Shyam S , Narang Kushal , Shishak Sorun 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
The goal of this study is to discuss the commissioning and dosimetric parameters achieved during the clinical implementation of an indigenously developed intracavitary (IC) plus interstitial (IS) template for high dose rate (HDR) image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) in cancer (Ca) cervix. We want to discuss our achieved values of cumulative equi-effective doses (EQD2) for high-risk clinical target volume (HRCTV) and organ at risk (OAR) and compare it with available published results.

Materials and Methods:
Medanta anterior oblique/lateral oblique template has a total of 19 needles including the central tandem. For commissioning the template with needles, the indigenously made acrylic phantom was used. Oblique and straight needles were placed inside the acrylic phantom and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed. Sixteen patients were treated in HDR IGBT using this template after external-beam radiotherapy. The IGBT plans were evaluated based on EQD2 of target coverage i.e., dose received by 98% (D98%_HRCTV), 90% (D90%_HRCTV), and 50% (D50%_HRCTV) volume of HRCTV, and dose received by 2 cc (D2cc) and 0.1 cc (D0.1cc) of OAR using linear quadratic (LQ) radiobiological model.

Results:
The autoradiographic in radiochromic film shows that the distance between the needle tip and the middle of the source position is 6 mm. The mean D98%_HRCTV and D90%_HRCTV was 76.8 Gy (range: 70-87.7 Gy, P < 0.01) and 84.49 Gy (range: 76.6-96.7 Gy, P < 0.01), respectively. Mean EQD2 of D2cc of the bladder, rectum, and sigmoid was 85.6 Gy (range: 77.5-99.6 Gy, P < 0.03), 74.3 Gy (range: 70.9-76.7 Gy, P < 0.05), and 58.3 Gy (range: 50.6-67.9 Gy, P = 0.01), respectively. The mean total reference air kerma at a 1 m distance is 0.489cGy (range: 0.391-0.681cGy).

Conclusions:
The indigenously developed template could attain satisfactory standards in terms of set parameters for commissioning and acceptable dose volume relations in our clinical use for treating the advanced Ca cervix patients who need IC + IS type of HDR IGBT. The comparative analysis with contemporary applicators was acceptable.
Comparison of Three Commercial Methods of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Based Dosimetric Analysis of Head-and-Neck Patients with Weight Loss
Authors: Rathee Satyapal , Burke Benjamin , Heikal Amr 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
This investigation compares three commercial methods of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based dosimetric analysis to a method based on repeat computed tomography (CT).

Materials and Methods:
Seventeen head-and-neck patients treated in 2020, and with a repeat CT, were included in the analyses. The planning CT was deformed to anatomy in repeat CT to generate a reference plan. Two of the CBCT-based methods generated test plans by deforming the planning CT to CBCT of fraction N using VelocityAI™ and SmartAdapt®. The third method compared directly calculated doses on the CBCT for fraction 1 and fraction N, using PerFraction™. Maximum dose to spinal cord (Cord_dmax) and dose to 95% volume (D95) of planning target volumes (PTVs) were used to assess “need to replan” criteria.

Results:
The VelocityAI™ method provided results that most accurately matched the reference plan in “need to replan” criteria using either Cord_dmax or PTV D95. SmartAdapt® method overestimated the change in Cord_dmax (6.77% vs. 3.85%, P < 0.01) and change in cord volume (9.56% vs. 0.67%, P < 0.01) resulting in increased false positives in “need to replan” criteria, and performed similarly to VelocityAI™ for D95, but yielded more false negatives. PerFraction™ method underestimated Cord_dmax, did not perform any volume deformation, and missed all “need to replan” cases based on cord dose. It also yielded high false negatives using the D95 PTV criteria.

Conclusions:
The VelocityAI™-based method using fraction N CBCT is most similar to the reference plan using repeat CT; the other two methods had significant differences.
Does Fluence Smoothing Reduce the Complexity of the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Treatment Plan? A Dosimetric Analysis
Authors: Saroj Dinesh Kumar , Yadav Suresh , Paliwal Neetu 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) may have too many peaks and valleys, making the treatment plan undeliverable. When there are too many fluency differences between adjacent pixels in the X or Y directions, the X and Y smoothing factors are utilized as weighting factors to penalize this behavior. Generally, a high degree of complexity is accompanied by many monitor units (MUs), large number of segments, small sized segments, and complex segment shapes. The degree of plan delivery uncertainty can all increase with a higher detailed fluence map.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the dosimetric effects of various smoothing levels on the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs) for cervix cancer.

Materials and Methods:
IMRT treatment plans were re-optimized by combining several values of the X and Y penalty between 0 and 100. The dose–volume histogram assessed various dosimetric indicators for PTV and OARs. Additionally, gamma passing rates were evaluated and noted as an indicator of the complex treatment plan.

Results:
At X = 60, Y = 60 fluence map penalty, the conformity index (CI) value reached its highest value of 0.996 ± 0.004. At X = 0, Y = 0, the homogeneity index (HI) was determined to have a maximum value of 0.0628 ± 0.0235. The highest and lowest MU values were 2424.30 ± 471.12 and 1087.80 ± 91.57, respectively, with X = 0, Y = 0 and X = 100, Y = 100. At X = 100, Y = 100, the gamma passing rate reaches its highest value of 99.28% ± 0.44% and minimum value of 85.93% ± 3.87% at X = 0, Y = 0.

Conclusion:
The CI and HI values showed no discernible fluctuation, and the OAR doses were barely affected as smoothing was increased. When the smoothing factor was raised, the number of MUs sharply dropped, and a decrease in the number of segments and higher gamma passing rates were also seen.
Planar graphs as minimal resolutions of trivariate monomial ideals
Authors: Miller Ezra 
Published: January 2023

We introduce the notion of rigid embedding in a grid surface, a new kind of plane drawing for simple triconnected planar graphs. Rigid embeddings provide methods to (1) find well-structured (cellular, here) minimal free resolutions for arbitrary monomial ideals in three variables; (2) strengthen the Brightwell–Trotter bound on the order dimension of triconnected planar maps by giving a geometric reformulation; and (3) generalize Schnyder's angle coloring of planar triangulations to arbitrary triconnected planar maps via geometry. The notion of rigid embedding is stable under duality for planar maps, and has certain uniqueness properties.
Koszul duality and equivariant cohomology
Authors: Franz Matthias 
Published: January 2023

Let

G

be a topological group such that its homology

H(G)

with coefficients in a principal ideal domain

R

is an exterior algebra, generated in odd degrees. We show that the singular cochain functor carries the duality between

G

-spaces and spaces over

BG

to the Koszul duality between modules up to homotopy over

H(G)

and

H^*(BG)

. This gives in particular a Cartan-type model for the equivariant cohomology of a

G

-space with coefficients in

R

. As another corollary, we obtain a multiplicative quasi-isomorphism

C^*(BG)\to H^*(BG)

. A key step in the proof is to show that a differential Hopf algebra is formal in the category of

A_\infty

algebras provided that it is free over

R

and its homology an exterior algebra.
Twisted Pfister forms
Authors: Hoffmann Detlev W. 
Published: January 2023

Let

F

be a field of characteristic

\neq 2

. In this paper we investigate quadratic forms

\varphi

over

F

which are anisotropic and of dimension

2^n, n\geq 2

, such that in the Witt ring

WF

they can be written in the form

\varphi=\sigma -\pi

where

\sigma

and

\pi

are anisotropic

n

- resp.

m

-fold Pfister forms,

1\leq m <n

. We call these forms twisted Pfister forms. Forms of this type with

m=n-1

are of great importance in the study of so-called good forms of height 2, and such forms with

m=1

also appear in Izhboldin's recent proof of the existence of

n

-fold Pfister forms

\tau

over suitable fields

F, n\geq 3

, for which the function field

F(\tau )

is not excellent over

F

. We first derive some elementary properties and try to give alternative characterizations of twisted Pfister forms. We also compute the Witt kernel

W(F(\varphi )/F)

of a twisted Pfister form

\varphi

. Our main focus, however, will be the study of the following problems: For which forms

\psi

does a twisted Pfister form

\varphi

become isotropic over

F(\psi )

? Which forms

\psi

are equivalent to

\varphi

(i.e., the function fields

F(\varphi)

and

F(\psi )

are place-equivalent over

F

)? We also investigate how such twisted Pfister forms behave over the function field of a Pfister form of the same dimension which then leads to a generalization of the result of Izhboldin mentioned above.
Special Groups, Versality and the Grothendieck-Serre Conjecture
Authors: Reichstein Zinovy , Tossici Dajano 
Published: January 2023

Let

k

be a base field and

G

be an algebraic group over

k

. J.-P. Serre defined

G

to be special if every

G

-torsor

T \to X

is locally trivial in the Zariski topology for every reduced algebraic variety

X

defined over

k

. In recent papers an a priori weaker condition is used:

G

is called special if every

G

-torsor

T \to \operatorname{Spec}(K)

is split for every field

K

containing

k

. We show that these two definitions are equivalent. We also generalize this fact and propose a strengthened version of the Grothendieck-Serre conjecture based on the notion of essential dimension.
Connection and Curvature on Bundles of Bergman and Hardy Spaces
Authors: Englis Miroslav , Zhang Genkai 
Published: January 2023

We consider a complex domain

D\times V

in the space

\mathbb{C}^m\times \mathbb{C}^n

and a family of weighted Bergman spaces on

V

defined by a weight

e^{-k\phi(z, w)}

for a pluri-subharmonic function

\phi(z, w)

with a quantization parameter

k

. The weighted Bergman spaces define an infinite dimensional Hermitian vector bundle over the domain

D

. We consider the natural covariant differentiation

\nabla_Z

on the sections, namely the unitary Chern connections preserving the Bergman norm. We prove a Dixmier trace formula for the curvature of the unitary connection and we find the asymptotic expansion for the curvatures

R^{(k)}(Z, Z)

for large

k

and for the induced connection

[\nabla_Z^{(k)}, T_f^{(k)}]

on Toeplitz operators

T_f

. In the special case when the domain

D

is the Siegel domain and the weighted Bergman spaces are the Fock spaces we find the exact formula for

[\nabla_Z^{(k)}, T_f^{(k)}]

as Toeplitz operators. This generalizes earlier work of
J. E. Andersen
in [Commun. Math. Phys. 255, No. 3, 727–745 (2005; Zbl 1079.53136)]. Finally, we also determine the formulas for the curvature and for the induced connection in the general case of

D\times V

replaced by a general strictly pseudoconvex domain

\mathcal{V}\subset\mathbb{C}^m\times\mathbb{C}^n

fibered over a domain

D\subset\mathbb{C}^m

. The case when the Bergman space is replaced by the Hardy space on the boundary of the domain is likewise discussed.
Decompositions of derived categories of gerbes and of families of Brauer-Severi varieties
Authors: Bergh Daniel , Schnürer Olaf M. 
Published: January 2023

It is well known that the category of quasi-coherent sheaves on a gerbe banded by a diagonalizable group decomposes according to the characters of the group. We establish the corresponding decomposition of the unbounded derived category of complexes of sheaves with quasi-coherent cohomology. This generalizes earlier work by Lieblich for gerbes over schemes whereas our gerbes may live over arbitrary algebraic stacks.
By combining this decomposition with the semi-orthogonal decomposition for a projectivized vector bundle, we deduce a semi-orthogonal decomposition of the derived category of a family of Brauer-Severi varieties whose components can be described in terms of twisted sheaves on the base. This reproves and generalizes a result of Bernardara.