bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of GLUT2 and TAS1R2 polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility in children: a meta-analysis
Authors: zheng bo , zhang Chunli , Zhang Xixi , Chen Xiabing , Zhang Difei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis evaluated the association of sweet taste 1 receptor 2 (TAS1R2) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility in children.
Methods: We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve articles published up to 14th December 2022. Stata/SE 17.0 (TX 77845 USA) software was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The cohort study, case-control study focusing on the TAS1R2 and GLUT2 polymorphism and dental caries in children were retrieved. The data included basic information of each study and the genotypes and allele frequencies.
Results: Three studies were finally included, including 233 cases and 319 controls for rs35874116 in TAS1R2, 268 cases and 183 controls for rs5400 in GLUT2. Allelic model, homozygote model, recessive model, dominant model, and heterozygous model were established to assess the relationship between these two polymorphisms and dental caries susceptibility in children. The GLUT2 rs5400 was associated with caries in Allelic model (A vs. G), Recessive model (AA vs. AG+GG) and Homozygote model (AA vs.GG). The TAS1R2 rs35874116 was associated with caries in Dominant model (CC+CT vs. TT). The outcome from GLUT2 rs5400 and TAS1R2 rs35874116 were not stable in the sensitivity analysis.
Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the Allelic model, Recessive model and Homozygote model of the GLUT2 rs5400 and the Dominant model of TAS1R2 rs35874116 were associated with an increased risk of caries in the case group compared with the control group. But the outcome from TAS1R2 rs35874116 was not stable.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022379301
Identification of A Coprinellus Strain and Its Application in Eucommia ulmoides Gum Extraction by Fermenting Leaves
Authors: Yang Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
White rot fungi are a kind of filamentous fungi which can degrade lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose effectively. In this study, a wild macrofungi collected from Pingba Town, Bijie City of China was identified as Coprinellus disseminatus (fruiting body) based on morphological and molecular identification. The hyphae of C. disseminatus were pure-cultured to form Coprinus disseminatus (mycelium). The mycelium cultured in the medium with glucose as carbon source represented round in shape with gray color and the mycelia in the center were densely with loose margin, while the mycelium grew in the medium with xylan as carbon source appeared nearly round shape with white color and the mycelia were relatively dense from the center to the margin during all growth stages. The results of C. disseminatus mycelium culture under condition of xylan as sole carbon showed that the xylanase (XLE) activity and cellulase (CLE) activity were significantly higher than that of the control group (carbon-free), indicating that xylan could induce the high expression of XLE and CLE. Meanwhile, combined the mycelium culture with the determination of enzyme activity, the medium contained xylan as sole carbon was selected as the initial nutrient slution for fermentation of Eucommia ulmoides leaves in the following experiments. Further, the activities of tissue degradation-related enzymes including XLE, CLE, acetyl xylanesterase (AXE) and α-L-arabinofuran glycosidase (α-L-AF) were determined after fermenting Eucommia ulmoides leaves by inoculating C. disseminatus mycelium. The results showed that the activities of XLE, CLE, AXE and α-L-AF reached the maximum at 5 d after inoculation, which were 777.606 ± 4.248 U·mL-1, 9.594 ± 0.008 U·mL-1, 4.567 ± 0.026 U·mL-1 and 3.497 ± 0.10 U·mL-1 respectively. The results showed that xylan could be used as a potential carbon source for E. ulmoides leaf fermentation. At this moment, the activities of XLE and CLE in mycelium cultured in Glu-contained medium were 815.074 ± 7.102 U·mL-1 and 9.704 ± 0.030 U·mL-1 respectively, and the former was significantly higher than that of mycelium grew in Xyl-contained medium while the latter was equivalent to CLE activity of mycelium in xylan medium. Also, the activities of AXE and α-L-AF both reached the maximum in C. disseminatus mycelium cultured in glucose medium, which demonstrated the glucose could be optimal carbon source for the fermentation of E. ulmoides leaves with C. disseminatus. By comparing the yield of gutta-percha under different fermentation treatments, the extraction yield of gutta-percha were 2.156 ± 0.031% and 2.142 ± 0.044% at 7 d and 14 d after fermentation with mycelium supplemented xylan as carbon source, which were significantly higher than other groups. This study provides a theoretical reference for the preparation of gutta-percha by large-scale fermentation of E. ulmoides leaves with C. disseminatus.
Preparation of peanut shell biochar-based composite hydrogel and its effects on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings under Cd stress
Authors: Du Fu , Wang Jian , Liu Liping , Pan Yong , Wu Chuang , Wang Ronghao , Hu Jie , Wang Yanyan , Li Ziwei , Shi Youzhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A novel peanut shell biochar-based composite hydrogel (AM/CMC/B) was synthesized and utilized to alleviate the toxicity of tobacco seedlings under Cd stress. The composition and structure of AM/CMC/B analyzed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of AM/CMC/B in the removal of Cd2+ was evaluated through a comparative experiment between AM/CMC/B and AM/CMC. A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of composite hydrogel AM/CMC/B on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings under Cd stress. The results showed that when the initial concentration of Cd2+ was 200 mg L-1, the temperature was 25 ℃ and pH was 5.0, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ by composite hydrogel AM/CMC/B could reach 164.83 mg g-1. Application of exogenous AM/CMC/B enhanced the growth of tobacco seedings under Cd stress. When 10 mg kg-1 Cd was added, AM/CMC/B supply obviously improved the phenotype of tobacco seedlings and made the roots of tobacco seedlings more developed, compared to the treatment blank control. The fresh and dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts of tobacco seedlings increased by 98.39%, 130.67% and 84.22%, 231.82%, respectively. The photosynthesis and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of tobacco seedlings increased significantly, stomatal conductance (Gs) and stomatal number increased. In addition, AM/CMC/B increased the antioxidant activity of tobacco seedlings, significantly reduced MDA content and leaf cell mortality. Composite hydrogel AM/CMC/B had the most significant effect on alleviating Cd stress of tobacco seedlings. This study has a potential application prospect. It can provide guidance for sewage purification, and this study also has a high feasibility in alleviating the toxicity of Cd stress in tobacco and other plants.
Blue LED light promoting the growth, accumulation of high-value isoflavonoids and astragalosides, antioxidant response, and biosynthesis gene expression in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge hairy root cultures
Authors: Gai Qing-Yan , Feng Xue , Jiao Jiao , Xu Xiao-Jie , Fu Jin-Xian , He Xiao-Jia , Fu Yu-Jie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge is one of the most frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for fighting COVID-19 infections, due to the presence of isoflavonoids and astragalosides associated with antiviral and immune-enhancing activities. For the first time, the exposure of A. membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) to different colors of LED lights i.e., red, green, blue, red/green/blue (1/1/1, RGB), and white, was conducted to promote the root growth and accumulation of isoflavonoids and astragalosides. LED light treatment regardless of colors was found beneficial for root growth, which might be a result of the formation of more root hairs upon light stimulation. Blue LED light was found most effective for enhancing phytochemical accumulation. Results showed that the productivity of root biomass in blue-light grown AMHRCs with an initial inoculum size of 0.6% for 55 days was 1.40-fold higher than that in dark (control), and yields of high-value isoflavonoids and astragalosides including calycosin, formononetin, astragaloside IV, and astragaloside I increased by 3.17-fold, 2.66-fold, 1.78-fold, and 1.52-fold relative to control, respectively. Moreover, the photooxidative stress together with transcriptional activation of biosynthesis genes might contribute to the enhanced accumulation of isoflavonoids and astragalosides in blue-light grown AMHRCs. Overall, this work offered a feasible approach for obtaining higher yields of root biomass and medicinally important compounds in AMHRCs via the simple supplementation of blue LED light, which made blue-light grown AMHRCs industrially attractive as plant factory in controlled growing systems.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Among New and Experienced Nurses in an Outpatient Oncology Setting
Authors: Lam Chanel Wei Jie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Emerging reports tell us of the serious emotional and psychological impact that working in healthcare in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic is having on the nursing workforce. Newly employed nurses who joined the healthcare sector in this climate also face a unique set of challenges. These issues may not be formally assessed when a newly employed nurse joins the workforce, and if so, go about unnoticed and unaddressed.
Objective
This study aims to understand the psychological impact and prevalence of burnout amongst new and experienced nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at an outpatient cancer centre, during the lock-down period in Singapore. Convenient sampling was conducted for existing nurses (n=140), while all new nurses (n=28) were surveyed 3 weeks after their official start of deployment. The questionnaire survey issued included demographics, generalized anxiety disorder, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and measured fear, confidence in healthcare workers, and risk perceptions.
Results
There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anxiety between the two groups, though there was a higher prevalence seen in new nurses (17.9%) as compared to experienced nurses (10.7%). Experienced nurses reported higher prevalence in every component of “fear, anxiety, anger, disgust, helplessness” as compared to new nurses. New nurses were found to be more fearful that they “will not be prioritised for treatment in intensive care units if they were to contract COVID-19”. Experienced nurses reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion (28.6%) as compared to new nurses (14.3%); higher levels of depersonalization (37.9%), as compared to (28.6%), and lower levels of professional accomplishment (62.9%), as compared to 82.1%.
Conclusion
Nurses play a critical role in health promotion, disease prevention, and delivering primary and community care. It is therefore important that they should be of good mental health and in a good state to do so. This may be facilitated not only by providing the practical support (adequate PPE, training etc), but also psychological assessment and support to be able to work in this “new normal” clinical environment.
History repeats itself: the relevance of the 1918 influenza pandemic to the medical school curriculum
Authors: Jones Molly , Quenby Siobhan , Odendaal Joshua 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND
The dramatic global impact of the coronavirus pandemic has increased consideration on epidemiological progressions of pandemics. Measures implemented to reduce viral transmission have been largely historical comparable in nature with the 1918 H1N1 influenza pandemic, demonstrating the importance of clinicians’ awareness on historical pandemics. Despite this, literature suggests medical students’ knowledge on previous pandemics is poor. This study aims to gather stakeholder information from UK medical students on the importance of including the history of Medicine in the medical school curriculum.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional cohort study conducted via a mixed question type online survey was distributed to all UK medical schools to explore stakeholder views on teaching on the history of Medicine in the curriculum. Grounded theory emergent coding was used to generate themes to free-text answers and SPSS and Excel were used to analyse quantitative data using pivot tables and Fishers exact tests.
RESULTS:
Two hundred and forty-one students consented to take part with a response rate of 98% (n = 237). 34% of students reported having teaching on pandemics with 78% of students stating it would be beneficial. Knowledge was poor with 5.7% of students achieving 100% on knowledge-based questions. 72% of students believed that learning about the history of medicine would be beneficial with 87% of these students referring to ‘benefiting (the) future’ in their answers. Additionally, 79% of students thought it would be beneficial to learn about the H1N1 Influenza 1918 pandemic with reference to the current COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS:
To date, this is the only UK based study assessing stakeholders’ views on including the history of Medicine in the medical school curriculum. Our findings demonstrate that medical students wish to have more historical content included in their degree to better prepare tomorrow’s doctors for situations that may occur when history repeats itself.
Reduction of spondylolisthesis and restoration of lumbar lordosis after anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF)
Authors: Aspalter Stefan , Stefanits Harald , Maier Christoph Johannes , Radl Christian , Wanger Helga , Hermann Philipp , Aichholzer Martin , Stroh Nico , Gruber Andreas , Senker Wolfgang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a well-established surgical treatment option for various diseases of the lumbar spine, including spondylolisthesis. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative correction of spondylolisthesis and restoration of lumbar and segmental lordosis after ALIF
Methods
Patients with spondylolisthesis who underwent ALIF between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively assessed. We assessed the following parameters pre-and postoperatively (6-months follow-up): Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), lumbar lordosis (LL), segmental lordosis (SL), L4/S1 lordosis, and degree of spondylolisthesis.
Results
96 patients were included. In 84 cases (87.50%), additional dorsal instrumentation was performed. The most frequent diagnosis was isthmic spondylolisthesis (73.96%). VAS was reduced postoperatively, from 70 to 40, as was ODI (50–32%). LL increased from 59.15° to 64.45°, as did SL (18.95° to 28.55°) and L4/S1 lordosis (37.90° to 44.00°). Preoperative spondylolisthesis was 8.90mm and was reduced to 6.05mm postoperatively. Relative spondylolisthesis was 21.63% preoperatively and 13.71% postoperatively. All clinical and radiological improvements were significant (all p < 0.001). No significant difference considering the lordosis values nor spondylolisthesis was found between patients who underwent ALIF surgery without dorsal instrumentation and patients who received additional dorsal instrumentation. Venous laceration was the most frequent complication (10.42%).
Conclusions
With ALIF, good clinical results and safe and effective reduction of spondylolisthesis and restoration of lordosis can be achieved. Additional dorsal instrumentation does not significantly affect postoperative lordosis or spondylolisthesis. Individual vascular anatomy must be reviewed preoperatively before considering ALIF.
Study on the protective effect and mechanism of apelin-13 in ventilator-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Lian Siyu , He Shuang , Chen Zongyu , Shen Yi , Zhou Leilei , Jiang Wenqing , Zhang Xianming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Mechanical Ventilationventilation (MV) is an essential life support mechanism in the clinic. It may also lead to ventilator-induced acute lung injury (VILI) due to local alveolar overstretching and/or repeated alveolar collapse. However, the pathogenesis of VILI is not completely clear, and its occurrence and development may be related to inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, apoptosis and other physiological processes. Some studies have found that the apelin/APJ pathway is an endogenous antagonistic mechanism that is activated during Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), and it can counteract the injury response and prevent uncontrolled lung injury. To prove that apelin-13 plays a protective role in VILI, in this study, we established a rat VILI model to explore whether apelin-13 can attenuate VILI in rats by inhibiting inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress.
Methods: SD rats were divided into four groups: the control group, high tidal volume group, high tidal volume+NS group, and high tidal volume+apelin-13 group. After tracheotomy, autonomous breathing was maintained in the rats. After tracheotomy, the other rats were connected to a small animal ventilator for 4 hours to establish the rat VILI model. The mRNA expression of apelin was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), and the protein expression levels of APJ, the apoptotic protein Bax, Bcl-2 and Akt/P-Akt were measured by Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence. The degree of lung injury was evaluated by pathological staining of lung tissue and measuring the wet to dry ratio of lung tissue. The expression of inflammatory factors in alveolar lavage fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissue was measured to evaluate the degree of pulmonary inflammation.
Results: The expression of apelin and the APJ receptor was upregulated under VILI conditions. After the rats were treated with apelin-13, the activation of the apelin-APJ signaling pathway, the pathological damage to lung tissues, the degree of cell apoptosis, and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced in the VILI model rats. The expression of MPO was decreased, and the activity of MPO was also decreased. Moreover, the Akt/P-Akt signaling pathway is associated with apoptosis. After treatment, the expression of Akt/P-Akt pathway-related proteins increased.
Conclusion: During VILI, the apelin/APJ axis plays an endogenous role in ameliorating injury. Overexpression of apelin can significantly reduce the inflammatory response, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in the lung tissues of VILI model rats and slow the occurrence and development of VILI.
The association between gut microbiota and postoperative delirium in patients
Authors: Xie Zhongcong , Zhang Yiying , Baldyga Kathryn , Dong Yuanlin , Song Wenyu , Villanueva Mirella , Deng Hao , Mueller Ariel , Houle Timothy , Marcantonio Edward 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Postoperative delirium is one of the most common postoperative complications in older patients. Its pathogenesis and biomarkers, however, remain largely undetermined. Majority of human microbiota is gut microbiota and gut microbiota has been shown to regulate brain function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between gut microbiota and postoperative delirium in patients. Of 220 patients (65 years old or older) who had a knee replacement, hip replacement, or laminectomy under general or spinal anesthesia, 86 participants were included in the data analysis. The incidence (primary outcome) and severity of postoperative delirium was assessed for two days. Fecal swabs were collected from participants immediately after surgery. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to assess gut microbiota. Using principal component analyses along with a literature review to identify biologically plausible mechanisms, and three bacterials were studied for their associations with postoperative delirium. Of the 86 participants [age 71.0 (69.0–76.0, 25%-75% percentile of quartile), 53% female], ten (12%) developed postoperative delirium. Postoperative gut bacteria Parabacteroides distasonis (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.13, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09–4.17, P = 0.026) was associated with postoperative delirium after adjusting for age and sex. The association between delirium and both Prevotella (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.33–1.04, P = 0.067) and Collinsella (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.27–1.24, P = 0.158) did not meet statistical significance. These findings suggest that postoperative gut microbiota (e.g., Parabacteroides distasonis) may serve as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of postoperative delirium, pending confirmative studies.
Public perceptions of 1080 poison use in New Zealand
Authors: Kerr Geoffrey N , Hughey Kenneth FD , Cullen Ross 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Environmental policies are often contentious because of the public nature of their effects which individuals are typically unable to avoid. This paper provides evidence about the level of public support for and opposition to aerial 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) application to control vertebrate pests, and the role of beliefs about related factors that influence individuals’ positions on aerial 1080. Data are analysed from a 2019 survey of New Zealand adults which assessed participants’ views on 1080-related matters, gained their opinions about pest impacts, pest control and the role of science, and gauged their acceptance of 1080. Priors were that opposition to 1080 would be negatively related with education, trust in science and government, and negative beliefs about outcomes of using 1080. We apply factor analysis, cluster analysis, logistic regression and the potential for conflict index to gain insight into the level, strength, drivers for and heterogeneity of beliefs about aerial 1080 use.
The role of the PLGF in the prediction of the outcome in pregnancies complicated with fetal microsomia
Authors: Souka Athena , Antsaklis Panagiotis , Tassias Konstantinos , Chatziioannou Maria Ioanna , Papamihail Maria , Daskalakis George 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
to explore the value of measuring maternal serum PLGF in the prediction of the outcome of microsomic fetuses.
Methods
Singleton pregnancies referred with suspicion of microsomia were included if they had: no indication for nor signs of imminent delivery, fetal abdominal circumference (AC) at or below the 10th centile and/or estimated fetal weight (EFW) at or below the 10th centile and/or umbilical artery pulsatility index (Umb-PI) at or above the 90th centile for gestation. Women with pre-eclampsia at presentation were excluded. Maternal blood was drawn at the first (index) visit and analyzed retrospectively.
Results
51 fetuses were examined. Multiple regression analysis showed that history of microsomia, index EFW and PLGF were significant predictors of the birthweight centile; index femur length centile and PLGF were significant predictors of pre-eclampsia; PLGF and index systolic blood pressure were significant predictors of iatrogenic preterm delivery < 37 weeks whereas PLGF and index EFW were significant predictors of birthweight ≤ 5th centile and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. For all outcomes the addition of maternal-fetal parameters did not improve the prediction compared to PLGF alone. Using a cut off of 0.3 MoM for PLGF would identify 94.1% of the pregnancies with iatrogenic preterm delivery and/or intra-uterine death and all of the cases that developed pre-eclampsia, for a screen positive rate of 54.9%. Women with PLGF ≤ 0.3 MoM had a poor fetal/maternal outcome (iatrogenic preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia, intra-uterine death) in 61.5% of cases.
Conclusion
In pregnancies complicated by fetal microsomia PLGF identifies a very high-risk group that may benefit from intense surveillance.