bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction Factor for Methods of Installation of Piles Group in Sandy Iraqi	Soils
Authors: Al-Saidi A’amal Abdul Ghani 
Published: April 2023

Many problems are facing the installation of piles group in laboratory testing and the errors in results of load and settlement are measured experimentally may be happened due to select inadequate method of installation of piles group. There are three main methods of installation in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering methods. In order to find the correction factor between these methods the laboratory model tests were conducted on small-scale models. The parameters studied were the methods of installation (in-flight, pre-jacking and hammering method), the number of piles and in sandy soil in loose state. The results of experimental work show that the increase in the number of piles value led to increase in load carrying capacity of piled raft and decrease in settlement value for three methods of installation. The response of increases load capacity for hammering method is the same value of pre-jacking method at the number of piles less than (N=2), while when the number of piles are beyond (N=3 to 9). The load capacity of hammering method is more than pre-jacking method and the correction factor of method of installation depend on the type of method of installation and the piles number. The increase in carrying capacity by hammering method is due to mobilize the dynamic soil structure interaction (soil-pile and pile-pile interaction) and the change in properties for surrounding soil for loose state of sand is more effective than static soil structure interaction mobilize by pre-jacking method. The correction factor of increase in load capacity and the correction factor of the percentage of settlement reduction for pre-jacking and hammering methods are compared with in-flight method of installation are changed with the number of piles and these values are increased with increasing the number of piles.
Intelligence in Construction between Contemporary and Traditional Architecture
Authors: Abdul wahab Khalid 
Published: April 2023

The authentic traditional architecture proved that it is very convenient to the environmental and social regulations where it appeared and lasted for hundred of years.
This traditional architecture got the intelligence in providing thermal comfort for their occupants by the intelligent usage of the building materials and the intelligent planning and designs which took in consideration the climatic condition and the aerodynamics of the whole city as one ecological system starting from the cold breeze passing through its narrow streets till it enters the dwelling units and glides out through the wind catchers.
This architecture had been neglected and replaced by modern imported architecture which had collapsed within few decades not in our region only but all over the world. Now a days the increasing awareness of the global environmental crisis the green or sustainable architecture appeared as a new type of architecture by the eighties of the last century.
Today these types of buildings began to enter Arab countries in general and Arabian Gulf countries especially like Masdar city, where smart building can be seen with inelegant treatments which will replace the modern high rise towers with its glass facades.
This will lead to the general research problem which concerns the shortage of knowledge about the inelegance in design and planning used in the traditional architecture, and the special research problem concerning the shortage of knowledge concerning the ability to use the inelegant traditional architectural and planning concepts as a base for the future sustainable modern buildings and cites as the aim of this research.
The Application of Biomimicry in Kinetic Facades
Authors: Abdul Jalil Wijdan Deyaa 
Published: April 2023

Biomimicry, as a way of thinking to go back to nature for inspiration, has its impact on many contemporary technological achievements. Some of them are used to design and construct kinetic facades in architecture, because of the importance role of facades in reducing sun radiation, that enter the building through using shading systems and components. In light of this, research problem is determined: "Do technologies which are inspired by biomimicry effect shading in kinetic facades through its characteristics in materials and the mechanics. So the research identifies its goal as: "To identify the types of kinetic facades in buildings and their characteristics as materials and shading mechanism associated with the biomimicry. The research explains the basic types of kinetic facades depending on the technology and materials used to provide the possibility of reducing solar radiation that enters the building. It also compares the case studies which have been chosen in their inspiration concept from biological world, which reflect on the system used of protecting against sun and reducing energy consumption as the designer teams suggest. The research concluded that kinetic façade which is depending on smart materials is self-responding and don't need energy to operate, so it is better in reducing consumption of energy.
P-T parameters of metamorphism of the rocks of the differentiated body of the Misaelga complex (western slope of the Southern Urals)
Authors: Kovalev Sergei Grigor’evich , Kovalev Sergei Sergeevich 
Published: April 2023

The article presents materials on the P-T parameters of metamorphism of the rocks of the differentiated body of the Misaelga complex. Based on the study of metamorphogenic minerals and mineral associations: amphibole, amphibole-plagioclase, amphibole-garnet, epidote-garnet, muscovite, chlorite, ilmenite-titanomagnetite, a gradual decrease in temperature and pressure was established from the final stages of the magmatic stage of formation of rocks of the Misaelga complex to the beginning of the metamorphogenic stage.
It is shown that the process of amphibolization begins immediately when the temperature of the residual melt drops by ~100°С (from 800°С to 700°С), which indicates the autometamorphic character of rock alteration. At the same time, the decomposition of the solid solution in titanomagnetite and ilmenite begins (766–588°С). Further changes include alteration (albitization) of plagioclase (550–>400°С), sericitization (~ 300°С) and chloritization (333–157°С).
The association of minerals with garnet, distributed in a narrow interval of the section at a depth of 341.5 m with a horizon thickness of no more than 2–2.5 m, is a zone in which dynamothermal metamorphism manifested itself, due to fluid working out of the substrate of the Taratash complex in shear deformation zones, identified in the interval 1400–1200 Ma. The P-T parameters of dynamothermal metamorphism, determined by the garnet-epidote association, correspond to 550–580°С at a pressure of 2 kbar, and according to the garnet-amphibole geobarometer – 300–400°С. At the same time, it should be emphasized that these associations characterize the regressive stage of metamorphism.
Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Acute Cholecystitis in Emergency Setting
Authors: Sharma U. K. , Thapa D. K. , Thapaliya S. , Pokhrel A. , Baskota B. , Rai U. 
Published: April 2023

Background Acute cholecystitis is one of the commonest surgical disease. The rapid diagnosis at its early stage is one of the crucial factor in patient care and management.
Objective To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the diagnosis or exclusion of acute cholecystitis, coexisting choledocholithiasis, and acute pancreatitis in emergency setting.
Method This study was conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis B&C teaching hospital, Birtamod, Nepal from July 2016 to November 2019. Patients, clinically diagnosed as acute cholecystitis or biliary condition with positive Murphy’s sign with or without jaundice and deranged Liver Function Test, raised Leucocyte counts were evaluated by Magnetic Resonance imaging. The sensitivity, specificity, Positive Productive Value (PPV), Negative Productive Value (NPV) were calculated for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Data was entered and analysed by using SPSS version 20.
Result There were 40 patients included in our study. Among them 27 (67.5%) were females and 13 (32.5%) male. The age of the patients ranged from 16 years to 79 years, mean age 49.4 years. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 40-60 years (57.5%). The overall sensitivity, specificity, Positive Productive Value and Negative Productive Value of Magnetic Resonance imaging diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were 100%, 66.6%, 94.4% and 100% respectively. Acute cholecystitis associated with gall stone disease were common and found in 72.5% cases, with sensitivity 96.5%, specificity 27.7%, Positive Productive Value 77.7% and Negative Productive Value 75.0%.
Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an excellent tool for the evaluation of biliary pathology and can be used for the preoperative evaluation of acute cholecystitis at the emergency setting.
First-Generation SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Comparative Analysis between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Basnet A. , Tamang B. , Pokhrel N. , Khadka S. , Shrestha M. R. , Ghimire S. , Prajapati R. , Thapa S. , Duwal Shrestha S. K. , Chand A. B. , Amatya I. , Rai S. K. 
Published: April 2023

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, which have emerged due to several mutations in spike protein, have a potential to escape immune protection provided by the first-generation vaccines, thereby resulting in breakthrough infections.
Objective To identify the socio-demographic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in both vaccinated and unvaccinated hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Method Socio-demographic details, clinical features, and the outcomes among fully vaccinated (double for Covishield/AstraZeneca and BBIBP-CorV and single for Janssen), partially vaccinated, and unvaccinated hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17.
Result Among the hospitalized COVID-19 patients (n=299), 175 (58.5%) patients received a single-dose, 82 (27.4%) double-dose, and 124 (41.5%) did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccines. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients was found to be associated among professional degree holders (23.4% versus 9.7%) (p<0.05), professional workers (43.4% vs. 25.0%) (p<0.05), hospitalization to general ward (76.6% vs. 72.6%) (p<0.05), and presence of multiple symptoms (≥3) (86.8% vs. 75.0%) (p>0.05) and comorbidities (≥2) (15.5% vs. 13.7%) (p>0.05). Despite such approximate incidences, the risk of in-hospital mortality among the vaccinated patients was reduced (0.6% vs. 3.2%) (p>0.05), when compared to the unvaccinated patients. The risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with the older age and the presence of multiple comorbidities including bronchial asthma, diabetes, and hypertension.
Conclusion Full or partial vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns might be effective in preventing in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients.
Influence of natural conditions of southern Dagestan on formation of food substances in fruits of Golden Delises apples
Authors: Huseynova B. M. , Daudova T. I. 
Published: April 2023

The results of studying the amino acid composition, macroand microelements, vitamins and other food substances in Golden Delicious apples grown in terroirs located at various altitudes above sea level in the south of Dagestan are presented in order to determine cultivation sites with natural conditions contributing to the greatest accumulation of these valuable components in fruits. The elemental composition of apples was studied using flame and atomic absorption photometry, mass concentrations of amino acids by HPLC methods, the content of sugars, titrated acids, pectins and vitamin C – titrimetrically, phenols and vitamin P colorimetrically. It was found that natural factors of the fruit zone located on the plain cause a high concentration of sugars in Golden Delicious apples – 11,3 %, soluble dry substances – 14,9 % and minerals: potassium (135.5 mg%), calcium (19.0 mg%), sodium (25.6 mg%), magnesium (12.6 mg%) and iodine (2.4 μg%), and the climatic conditions of the foothills are favorable for the synthesis of titrated acids (0,51%), vitamins C (6,8 mg %) and P (63,1 mg %), phenolic (362,1 mg %) and pectin substances (0,83 %), as well as iron, zinc and copper. The difference in the formation of minerals in apples, depending on natural conditions and the altitude gradient of the place of growth, was: for potassium – 7,2; sodium – 8,2; calcium – 9,5; magnesium – 9,4; iron – 10,9; copper – 10,2; zinc – 9,3, iodine – 8,3 %. The total amount of amino acids in apples, depending on the culture site, ranged from 683,2 to 696,9 mg/dm3. In fruits from the foothills, the total mass concentrations of replaceable and essential amino acids were 1,3 and 5,9% higher, respectively, than in apples grown on the plain. The results of the study can be taken into account in the rational use of agroecological resources of fruit zones that differ in soil-climatic conditions and altitude gradient, as well as to reveal the biological potential of the Golden Delicious apple variety.
Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the superficial branch of the radial nerve: illustrative case
Authors: Lukins Timothy R. , Low Julia P. , Campbell Ashlea K. , Winder Mark J. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Lesions of the peripheral nervous system are many and varied. They range from benign to malignant, and determining risk can be challenging. Primary lymphoma of the peripheral nerve (PLPN) is a rare and malignant pathology. When recognized early, appropriate therapy can be delivered. The authors performed a systematic review of PLPNs and present the first case of a PLPN involving the superficial branch of the radial nerve.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present the clinical presentation and radiological features of a rare case of primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the superficial branch of the radial nerve. Following gross-total resection, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and was free of disease at the last follow-up.

LESSONS
With astute observation, less common and sinister peripheral nerve lesions can be recognized at an early stage and tend to be associated with a relatively short history of peripheral sensorimotor deficits and subtle radiographic changes. In such a setting, consideration should be given to performing a biopsy rather than gross-total resection, indeed sparing the parent nerve and facilitating diagnosis. Definitive treatment for PLPN is chemotherapy with the addition of radiotherapy in some circumstances.
Hemifacial spasm associated with posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: illustrative case
Authors: Inoue Gaku , Endo Hidenori , Kanoke Atsushi , Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Hemifacial spasms (HFSs) complicated by intracranial aneurysms are rare. Recently, endovascular treatment has been widely used for this disease entity and can allow the cessation of intracranial aneurysm arterial pulsation, leading to recovery from the HFS. Here, the authors present a case of HFS associated with an ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm successfully treated with open surgery.

OBSERVATIONS
A 68-year-old woman was annually followed-up for an incidentally found right PICA aneurysm. Over 3 years, the PICA aneurysm gradually increased in size, which eventually led to right HFS. An axial fast spoiled gradient-recalled echo sequence with gadolinium enhancement showed the PICA aneurysm compressing the root exit zone (REZ), which was attributed as the cause of the HFS. However, a fusion image of the three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spin-echo sequence and magnetic resonance angiogram clearly showed a direct contact between the REZ and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), which was located at the apex of the PICA aneurysm. Intraoperatively, the AICA was found compressing the REZ; hence, microvascular decompression with aneurysmal clipping was performed. The HFS resolved immediately after surgery.

LESSONS
In cases of HFS associated with an ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm, a detailed neuroradiological assessment to identify the responsible lesion is important to use the most optimal treatment of choice.
Adjuvant multimodal treatment for spinal intradural extramedullary capillary hemangioma with subpial growth: illustrative case
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Shimokawa Nobuyuki , Sato Hidetoshi , Takami Toshihiro 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Spinal intradural extramedullary capillary hemangiomas are rare vascular lesions. Although total resection is the first treatment, the efficacy of adjuvant therapies, such as steroid or radiation therapy, has not been investigated.

OBSERVATIONS
A 74-year-old man presented with progressive back pain, gait disturbance, and left chest pain. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural extramedullary lesion at the middle thoracic level. Preoperatively, systemic steroid administration improved his chest pain and reduced the tumor size. The authors performed tumor extirpation. Because the tumor strongly adhered to the pia matter, in short, the tumor accompanied with partial subpial growth, subtotal resection was performed, leaving a thin layer of the tumor. A pathological examination revealed capillary hemangioma. His gait disturbance showed rapid improvement. Stereotactic cyber knife treatment was performed for the residual tumor at 1 month after the operation. Serial MRI showed a gradual decrease in the tumor size and no recurrence at 2 years after the operation.

LESSONS
When a tumor adheres to the spinal cord or nerve root, immoderate total resection should not be performed to avoid exacerbating the clinical symptoms. Adjuvant therapies, such as a systemic steroid administration or radiation therapy, may provide satisfactory control of spinal capillary hemangiomas.
Associations of Serum Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 with Longitudinal Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration Among Older Adults with Memory Complaints
Authors: Zhang Li-Ya , Wang Duo-Zi , Wang Jian , Guo Lei , Li Bing-Hu , Wang Jian-Hong 
Published: April 2023

Background: A potential role of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, which is upregulated after infection, in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was identified. However, the clinical relevance of LL-37 in AD is not clear yet. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association of circulating LL-37 with longitudinal cognitive decline and neurodegeneration among older adults with memory complaints. Methods: This cohort study recruited 357 older adults with memory complaints. Participants were followed-up for two years and the cognitive functions were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Serum LL-37, pTau181, and tTau levels were determined at baseline. Associations of baseline LL-37 with longitudinal cognitive decline and change of neurodegenerative biomarkers were analyzed. Results: No difference was found in the slope of longitudinal cognitive decline during follow-up between the low and high LL-37 group, adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, APOE ɛ4 carrier status, comorbidities, and baseline MMSE scores (difference in slope: 0.226, 95% CI: –0.169 to 0.621). Higher LL-37 levels were associated with longitudinal cognitive decline, as indicated by a decrease of MMSE scores of 3 points or above during follow-up (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.38). The high LL-37 group had larger slopes of the increase in neurofilament light (difference in slope: 3.759, 95% CI: 2.367 to 5.152) and pTau181 (difference in slope: 0.325, 95% CI: 0.151 to 0.499) than the low LL-37 group. Conclusion: These findings support an association of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 with AD from a clinical perspective.
Mayan diet model based on the Mediterranean diet as a nutritional alternative for southeastern Mexico
Authors: Silva Cambranis Hilda Del Carmen , Valencia Gutierrez Marvel Del Carmen , Meneses López Rafael Enrique , García Ramírez Maria Del Jesus , López Méndez Magnolia Del Rosario 
Published: April 2023

Nutritional education in Mexico is a necessary strategy to address the serious public health problem that is currently being experienced, since the population is suffering from chronic degenerative diseases, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension and pathologies that unfortunately are already present in children thanks to a poor and unbalanced diet. Seeking alternatives for food orientation and for reducing these health problems, the Mediterranean diet was taken as an inspiring model. This healthy pattern, which has been recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage of humanity, is characterized by several structural elements, such as the promotion of regional and seasonal food, the respect of the nature, the cooking food at home, the consumption of a moderate amount of food, the promotion of family ties and communication, the practice of daily physical exercise and adequate rest. The proposal for a Mediterranean-based Mayan diet model also aims to integrate the entity’s native resources, promote food security in the southeast region of Mexico nd preserve the ancient recipes that have been inherited from our Mayan ancestors.
Depresión, ansiedad generalizada y riesgo de consumo problemático de sustancias en estudiantes secundarios
Authors: Crockett Marcelo A. , Martínez Vania 
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y comorbilidad de depresión, ansiedad generalizada y riesgo de consumo problemático de sustancias en adolescentes, y examinar las variables sociodemográficas asociadas a estos problemas de salud mental. Sujetos y Método: Participaron 2.022 estudiantes de primero a tercero de enseñanza media (9o a 11o grado) de 8 establecimientos educacionales de la zona norte de Santiago de Chile. La edad promedio fue de 15,2 años, el 49,5% de la muestra estuvo compuesta por mujeres. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y sobre medidas de depresión (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), ansiedad generalizada (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item [GAD-7]) y riesgo de consumo problemático de sustancias (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble [CRAFFT]). Los datos se analizaron mediante contrastes de hipótesis bivariados y modelos de regresión logística y de Poisson. Resultados: El 52,9% cumplía criterios para uno o más problemas de salud mental. El 35,2% puntuó positivo para depresión, 25,9% para ansiedad generalizada y 28,2% para riesgo de consumo problemático de sustancias, observándose diferencias por género en los dos primeros y diferencias por género y edad en el tercero. El 26,5% puntuó positivo para dos o más problemas de salud mental. Los modelos de regresión arrojaron diferencias en las asociaciones entre el género, edad y no vivir con ambos padres con los problemas de salud mental examinados. Conclusiones: Se observa una alta prevalencia y comorbilidad en los tres problemas de salud mental examinados. Los resultados dan cuenta de la importancia de evaluar la comorbilidad en el trabajo clínico con adolescentes, y el desarrollo de intervenciones preventivas transdiagnósticas para esta población.