bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security control of Markovian jump neural networks with stochastic sampling subject to false data injection attacks★
Authors: Yao Lan , Huang Xia , Wang Zhen , Xiao Min 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The security control of Markovian jumping neural networks (MJNNs) is investigated under false data injection attacks that take place in the shared communication network. Stochastic sampled-data control is employed to research the exponential synchronization of MJNNs under false data injection attacks (FDIAs) since it can alleviate the impact of the FDIAs on the performance of the system by adjusting the sampling periods. A multi-delay error system model is established through the input-delay approach. To reduce the conservatism of the results, a sampling-period-probability-dependent looped Lyapunov functional is constructed. In light of some less conservative integral inequalities, a synchronization criterion is derived, and an algorithm is provided that can be solved for determining the controller gain. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.
Applying Image Analysis and Machine Learning to Historical Newspaper Collections
Authors: Soh Leen-Kiat , Lorang Liz , Pack Chulwoo , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Diving below the surface has its challenges, however. For example, “noise effects” are especially widespread when digital images have been created from earlier microphotographic copies, as is common in historical newspaper collections. Noise effects introduce interference to the primary signals of the pages, both for human vision and computer vision and processing. Various types of noise effects (fig. 1) are common, including unevenly distributed luminosity (i.e., range effects), visible characters from the other side of the page (bleed-through), tilted document scans (skewed orientation), and markings on the newspaper that obscure text (blobs).1 There is a wide range of severity for each of these effects, and images can range from very clean to very noisy within and across datasets.
Bayesian multitask learning for medicine recommendation based on online patient reviews
Authors: Cheng Yichen , Xia Yusen , Wang Xinlei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMotivationWe propose a drug recommendation model that integrates information from both structured data (patient demographic information) and unstructured texts (patient reviews). It is based on multitask learning to predict review ratings of several satisfaction-related measures for a given medicine, where related tasks can learn from each other for prediction. The learned models can then be applied to new patients for drug recommendation. This is fundamentally different from most recommender systems in e-commerce, which do not work well for new customers (referred to as the cold-start problem). To extract information from review texts, we employ both topic modeling and sentiment analysis. We further incorporate variable selection into the model via Bayesian LASSO, which aims to filter out irrelevant features. To our best knowledge, this is the first Bayesian multitask learning method for ordinal responses. We are also the first to apply multitask learning to medicine recommendation. The sample code and data are made available at GitHub: https://github.com/thrushcyc-github/BMull.ResultsWe evaluate the proposed method on two sets of drug reviews involving 17 depression/high blood pressure-related drugs. Overall, our method performs better than existing benchmark methods in terms of accuracy and AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve). It is effective even with a small sample size and only a few available features, and more robust to possible noninformative covariates. Due to our model explainability, insights generated from our model may work as a useful reference for doctors. In practice, however, a final decision should be carefully made by combining the information from the proposed recommender with doctors’ domain knowledge and past experience.Availability and implementationThe sample code and data are publicly available at GitHub: https://github.com/thrushcyc-github/BMull.
Cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate and risk of stroke in the general population: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liao Jinlan , Xiao Fei , Yang Liuqiao , Wei Yanling , Song Congying , Li Jing , Yu Sike , Lu Yueqi , Zhang Jingwen , Dai Liang , Liang Wei , Li Tao , Xiong Zuying , Wu Yangfeng , Jardine Meg J , Carrero Juan Jesus , Shan Ying , Huang Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Previous results on the association between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and stroke are mixed. Most studies derived the eGFR from serum creatinine, which is affected by non-kidney determinants and thus has possibly biased the association with stroke risk.

Methods
In this cohort study, we included 429 566 UK Biobank participants (94.5% white, 54% women, age 56 ± 8 years) free of stroke at enrollment. The eGFRcys and eGFRcr were calculated with serum cystatin C and creatinine, respectively. Outcomes of interest were risk of total stroke and subtypes. We investigated the linear and nonlinear associations using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines, corrected for regression dilution bias.

Results
During an average follow-up of 10.11 years, 4427 incident strokes occurred, among which 3447 were ischemic and 1163 were hemorrhagic. After adjustment for confounders, the regression dilution-corrected hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for every 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrement in eGFRcys were 1.10 (1.05–1.14) for total stroke and 1.11 (1.08–1.15) for ischemic stroke. A similar pattern was observed with eGFRcr, although the association was weaker. When either type of eGFR was below 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, the risks of total and ischemic stroke increased exponentially as eGFR decreased. A U-shaped relationship was witnessed if eGFRcr was used instead. There was a null association between eGFR and hemorrhagic stroke.

Conclusions
The risks of total stroke and ischemic stroke increased exponentially when the eGFRcys fell below 75 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Association of oral iron replacement therapy with kidney failure and mortality in CKD patients
Authors: Paul Shejuti , Shrestha Prabin , Sumida Keiichi , Thomas Fridtjof , Surbhi Satya , Naser Abu Mohd , Streja Elani , Rhee Connie M , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Oral iron is the predominant route of iron replacement (IRT) but its benefits and safety are unclear in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
We examined the association of oral IRT vs no IRT with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and mortality in a national cohort of US Veterans. We identified 17 413 incident new users of oral IRT with estimated glomerular filtration rates &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 32 530 controls who did not receive any IRT during 2004–18. We used propensity score–overlap weighting to account for differences in key baseline characteristics associated with the use of oral IRT. We examined associations using competing risk regression and Cox models.

Results
In the cohort of 49 943 patients, 1616 (3.2%) patients experienced ESKD and 28 711 (57%) patients died during a median follow-up of 1.9 years. Oral IRT was not associated with ESKD [subhazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.00 (0.84–1.19), P = .9] and was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality [HR (95% CI) 1.06 (1.01–1.11), P = .01]. There was significant heterogeneity of treatment effect for mortality, with oral IRT associated with higher mortality in the subgroups of patients without congestive heart failure (CHF), anemia or iron deficiency. In patient with blood hemoglobin &lt;10 g/dL oral IRT was associated with significantly lower mortality.

Conclusion
Oral IRT was associated with lower mortality only in patients with anemia. In patients without anemia, iron deficiency or CHF, the risk–benefit ratio of oral IRT should be further examined.
Toward alert triage: scalable qualitative coding framework for analyzing alert notes from the Telehealth Intervention Program for Seniors (TIPS)
Authors: Nguyen Phuong , Schiaffino Melody K , Zhang Zhan , Choi Hyung Wook , Huh-Yoo Jina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Combined with mobile monitoring devices, telehealth generates overwhelming data, which could cause clinician burnout and overlooking critical patient status. Developing novel and efficient ways to correctly triage such data will be critical to a successful telehealth adoption. We aim to develop an automated classification framework of existing nurses’ notes for each alert that will serve as a training dataset for a future alert triage system for telehealth programs.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed and developed a coding framework and a regular expression-based keyword match approach based on the information of 24 931 alert notes from a community-based telehealth program. We evaluated our automated alert triaging model for its scalability on a stratified sampling of 800 alert notes for precision and recall analysis.

Results
We found 22 717 out of 24 579 alert notes (92%) belonging to at least one of the 17 codes. The evaluation of the automated alert note analysis using the regular expression-based information extraction approach resulted in an average precision of 0.86 (SD = 0.13) and recall 0.90 (SD = 0.13).

Discussion
The high-performance results show the feasibility and the scalability potential of this approach in community-based, low-income older adult telehealth settings. The resulting coded alert notes can be combined with participants’ health monitoring results to generate predictive models and to triage false alerts. The findings build steps toward developing an automated alert triaging model to improve the identification of alert types in remote health monitoring and telehealth systems.
Non-prosthetic peri-implant fracture of both forearm bones
Authors: Prieto Meré Jose Antonio , Barrera-Ochoa Sergi , Liburd-Hernández Dorka , Presas Jésica P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Peri-implant fractures occur in association with an implant that was used to treat a previous injury. Peri-implant fractures are considered relatively ‘new’ fractures for which there is no accepted classification system in practice. Treatment is difficult due to altered anatomy, the presence of orthopedic implants and phenomena such as stress shielding, osteopenia when not in use, and fracture remodeling. We present the case of a young man who presented to the emergency room after a sports accident with a successful previous osteosynthesis and a new deformity of the forearm.
Acute endocarditis in a pregnant patient requiring post-partum emergency mitral valve repair: a case report
Authors: Ravishankar Ramanish , Hussain Azar , Loubani Mahmoud , Chaudhry Mubarak 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A 37-year-old pregnant patient presented with symptoms of shortness of breath, cough and malaise at 36 weeks’ gestation. Antibiotics were started because of suspected bilateral pneumonia. A lower segment caesarean section was undertaken and significant desaturation lead to intubation of the patient. A CTPA confirmed bilateral pneumonia but also elements of heart failure with a 32 mm dilated pulmonary artery. Severe mitral regurgitation was confirmed with trans-thoracic and trans-oesophageal echocardiogram on Day 5 and emergency mitral valve repair was undertaken for possible infective endocarditis (IE) as per the modified Duke criteria, which was confirmed intra-operatively. The patient completed 4 weeks of antibiotics and suffered mild memory impairment post-operatively. She was discharged from complex rehabilitation after 6 weeks of hospital stay at her baseline state. This case presents IE in a pregnant patient with no significant risk factors with successful recovery because of prompt diagnosis and management.
Combined stepladder incision and Sistrunk procedure for en bloc resection of supraclavicular thyroglossal duct cysts
Authors: Matsushima Hirokazu , Katsura Morihiro , Ie Masafumi , Fukuzato Yoshimitsu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) are challenging for surgeons if the opening with exudate is far from the hyoid bone. A 7-year-old boy presented with a right supraclavicular mass and persistent pus. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the fistula to the hyoid bone. Suspecting a TGDC, we combined the stepladder incision technique and the Sistrunk procedure. The first skin incision cut through the opening in a spindle shape, and the second incision was made in the skin just above the hyoid bone. This combined technique allowed en bloc resection of the TGDC and the hyoid bone to the base of the tongue. Cervical masses are commonly encountered in surgical clinics, and even distant openings off the midline must be considered in the differential diagnosis of TGDCs. This treatment strategy is essential for preventing the recurrence of TGDCs and ensures optimal cosmetic outcomes.
Pseudoaneurysm of radial artery after coronary angiography
Authors: Cunha Roberto , Silva Manuel , Henrique Alberto , Maximiano Pedro , Correia Mafalda , Vieira Isabel , Cássio Isabel , Oliveira Nelson , Dias Emanuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms (IPA) are a rare complication of transradial coronary intervention. This brief report aims to present a case report of a radial artery pseudoaneurysm and to review the current management of this entity. Because of the increased performance of transradial coronary intervention, IPA have become more common. Doppler ultrasonography is a fundamental tool to aid the differential diagnosis with other pathologies. There is no consensus on the treatment, which may range from conservative management to surgical repair. Close surveillance after the procedure and early diagnosis are essential to avoid serious complications, such as ischemia of the hand. The management of IPA depends upon morphological characteristics and associated symptoms.
Not Special People: Lesbian and Gay Men’s Encounters with the East Berlin Government, 1983–90
Authors: Johnson Jason 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the 1980s, East Germany granted gay people extraordinary new rights in an attempt to neutralize them as a threat to the communist regime. Within this context of change, though, the East Berlin municipal government refused gay activists permission to form a state-sanctioned club for homosexuals. Speaking to the place of civic life in the country and the history of everyday life of East German lesbians and gay men, this article has two goals. First, it builds on existing historiography by illustrating the precise dynamics of the interactions between gay activists and East German authorities, revealing a familiar modern bureaucratic landscape. Second, this article seeks to explain why municipal officials who demonstrated sympathy toward these activists nevertheless denied this group the right to form a club. This analysis argues that the denial of a club was ironically driven by authorities’ conviction that gay East Germans indeed faced discrimination. Officials believed discrimination in the German Democratic Republic had isolated its gay citizens, rendering them targets of Western enemies of the state and potential fifth columnists as the West could galvanize their resentment into antistate action. To officials, the activists’ attempts to overcome such isolation via a state-sanctioned club actually promised to reinforce isolation and make Western infiltration and subversion more likely.
Associations between gynecologic clinician type and routine female sexual dysfunction screening
Authors: Berry William C E , Capbarat Emily V , Walker Taniya V , Rosenberg Sedona F , Keegan Emma A , Carter-Brooks Charelle M , Cigna Sarah T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common problem in the United States; however, only 14% to 40% of women are screened by their health care clinicians. There are few data on how differences in clinician type affects screening rates.

Aim
This study aimed to assess differences in FSD screening rates among gynecology clinician types, identify factors associated with screening, and compare screening rates of FSD against conditions with established screening recommendations.

Methods
Data were collected by retrospective chart review of annual visits at an urban tertiary care center. Screening rates for FSD, depression, cervical cancer, and breast cancer were calculated and compared. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was utilized to assess the correlation between various patient characteristics and FSD screening rates.

Outcomes
Study outcome measures included percentages of women who were screened for FSD, depression, cervical cancer, and breast cancer.

Results
FSD screening rate was significantly higher among resident-level clinicians vs nonresident clinicians (59% vs 31%; P &lt; .001). When the nonresident clinicians were subanalyzed, certified nursing midwives were the second most likely to screen for FSD (odds ratio [OR], 0.41), followed by nurse practitioners (OR, 0.29) and attending physicians (OR, 0.22). According to multivariable logistic regression techniques, 5 factors were associated with an increased likelihood of a patient being screened for FSD at an annual examination: patient seen by a resident physician rather than an attending physician, patient history of FSD, patient age ≥40 years, patient report of being sexually active at the time of visit, and patient history of cervical procedures.

Clinical Implications
There is an opportunity to improve FSD screening rates by clinicians. Future research may assess what factors, such as increased sexual function education or greater incentives to document FSD screening, may result in higher screening rates. From this, targeted and effective interventions might be crafted to improve future screening rates.

Strengths and Limitations
This study is one of the first to compare FSD screening rates among clinician types in the same specialty. Study limitations include the inherent limitations of a retrospective design, including selection biases.

Conclusion
Residents were more likely to screen for FSD at annual well-woman visits than attending clinicians, nurse practitioners, and certified nurse midwives. Understanding the reasons for varied FSD screening rates among clinician types may aid in the development of strategies to improve screening for this important aspect of women’s health.
The origin of long soft lags and the nature of the hard-intermediate state in black hole binaries
Authors: Kawamura Tenyo , Done Chris , Takahashi Tadayuki 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast variability of the X-ray corona in black hole binaries can produce a soft lag by reverberation, where the reprocessed thermalized disc photons lag behind the illuminating hard X-rays. This lag is small, and systematically decreases with increasing mass accretion rate towards the hard–soft transition, consistent with a decreasing truncation radius between the thin disc and X-ray hot inner flow. However, the soft lag suddenly increases dramatically just before the spectrum becomes disc dominated (hard-intermediate state). Interpreting this as reverberation requires that the X-ray source distance from the disc increases dramatically, potentially consistent with switching to X-rays produced in the radio jet. However, this change in lag behaviour occurs without any clear change in hard X-ray spectrum, and before the plasmoid ejection event that might produce such a source (soft-intermediate state). Instead, we show how the soft lag can be interpreted in the context of propagation lags from mass accretion rate fluctuations. These normally produce hard lags, as the model has radial stratification, with fluctuations from larger radii modulating the harder spectra produced at smaller radii. However, all that is required to switch the sign is that the hottest Comptonized emission has seed photons that allow it to extend down in energy below the softer emission from the slower variable turbulent region from the inner edge of the disc. Our model connects the timing change to the spectral change, and gives a smooth transition of the X-ray source properties from the bright hard state to the disc-dominated states.
The role of stellar expansion on the formation of gravitational wave sources
Authors: Romagnolo A , Belczynski K , Klencki J , Agrawal P , Shenar T , Szécsi D 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Massive stars are the progenitors of black holes and neutron stars, the mergers of which can be detected with gravitational waves (GW). The expansion of massive stars is one of the key factors affecting their evolution in close binary systems, but it remains subject to large uncertainties in stellar astrophysics. For population studies and predictions of GW sources, the stellar expansion is often simulated with the analytic formulae from Hurley et al. (2000). These formulae need to be extrapolated and are often considered outdated. In this work, we present five different prescriptions developed from 1D stellar models to constrain the maximum expansion of massive stars. We adopt these prescriptions to investigate how stellar expansion affects mass transfer interactions and in turn the formation of GW sources. We show that limiting radial expansion with updated 1D stellar models, when compared to the use of Hurley et al. (2000) radial expansion formulae, does not significantly affect GW source properties (rates and masses). This is because most mass transfer events leading to GW sources are initialized in our models before the donor star reaches its maximum expansion. The only significant difference was found for the mass distribution of massive binary black hole mergers (Mtot &gt; 50 M⊙) formed from stars that may evolve beyond the Humphreys–Davidson limit, whose radial expansion is the most uncertain. We conclude that understanding the expansion of massive stars and the origin of the Humphrey–Davidson limit is a key factor for the study of GW sources.
Field blue straggler stars: discovery of white dwarf companions to blue metal-poor stars using UVIT/AstroSat
Authors: Panthi Anju , Subramaniam Annapurni , Vaidya Kaushar , Jadhav Vikrant , Rani Sharmila , Thirupathi Sivarani , Pandey Sindhu 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Blue metal-poor (BMP) stars are the main-sequence stars that appear bluer and more luminous than normal turn-off stars of metal-poor globular clusters. They are believed to be either field blue straggler stars (FBSS) formed via post-mass transfer mechanism or accreted from dwarf satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. A significant fraction of BMP stars are discovered to be potential binaries. We observed 27 BMP stars using UVIT/AstroSat in two FUV filters, F148W and F169M. We report the discovery of white dwarf (WD) companions of 12 BMP stars for the first time. The WD companions have estimated temperatures Teff ∼10 500–18 250 K, and masses 0.17–0.8 M⊙. Based on [Fe/H] and space velocity, we group the 12 BMP/FBSS stars as the thick disc (5) and halo (5), whereas two stars appear to be in-between. All the 5 thick disc BMP/FBSS have extremely low-mass (M &lt; 0.2 M⊙) WDs as companions, whereas the 5 halo BMP/FBSS have low (0.2 M⊙ &lt; M &lt; 0.4 M⊙), normal (0.4 M⊙ &lt; M &lt; 0.6 M⊙), and high mass (M &gt; 0.6 M⊙) WD companions. Our analysis suggests that at least ∼44 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of BMP stars are FBSS, and these stars hold the key to understand the details of mass transfer, binary properties, and chemical enrichment among the FBSS.