bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s the Gut Doing in the Chest? Interpositio Hepatodiaphragmatica (Chilaiditi Sign) Revisited on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Gondhane Abhay , Malhotra Gaurav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 47-year-old woman, a diagnosed case of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect occult malignancy for suspected paraneoplastic etiology. Abnormal FDG uptake was noted in the right lower chest region, which was correlated on corresponding CT images to be colonic activity interposed between the liver and elevated diaphragm, also known as Chilaiditi sign. Even though rare, Chilaiditi sign should be considered as a differential diagnosis of hypermetabolic activity in the right lower chest region on 18F-FDG PET/CT scan that is done to look for occult tumor as shown in this case.
Study on Time Distribution and Pathogenic Bacteria of Infection After Auricular Reconstruction With Tissue Expansion for Microtia
Authors: Jia Xuanye , Su Ruonan , Zhi Jiajun , Jiang Fengli , Jiang Haiyue , Pan Bo 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Postoperative infection is one of the main complications that affect the surgical effect of auricular reconstruction with tissue expansion. Understanding the susceptible time and distribution of pathogens is especially important for the treatment.

Method:
The data of patients with infection after auricular reconstruction with tissue expansion from September 1, 2018 to August 30, 2024 were collected retrospectively. The microbe species identification results, diagnosis time of infection, surgical methods, and kinds of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Statistical methods were used to analyze and calculate the difference in infection time and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria.

Result:
From September 1, 2018 to August 30, 2024, 237 cases of infection after auricle reconstruction with tissue expansion were diagnosed, and 252 strains of 18 kinds of pathogenic bacteria were detected. Among them, S. aureus (85 strains, 33.73%) and S. epidermidis (40 strains, 15.87%) were the 2 main pathogens. Postoperative infection mainly occurred in the first stage (72 cases, 30.38%) and the second stage (98 cases, 41.35%). The MRSA infection rate in the second stage (24.46%) was significantly higher than that in the other stages. The infection rate was significantly higher in winter (from November to January) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among other seasons (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
The main pathogen of infection after ear reconstruction with tissue expansion is Staphylococcus aureus, and winter is the peak period of infection. There are some differences in infection rate and distribution of pathogenic bacteria in different stages of surgery.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Compliance and Early Outcomes for Elective Colorectal Procedures by Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Antoniv Marta , Maldonado Luisa Jane , Nikiforchin Andrei , Gershanik Esteban Fabian , Bleday Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
To explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity with perioperative metrics within the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) framework to identify gaps for equity-informed improvements.

Summary Background Data:
Although ERAS pathways improve perioperative outcomes through standardized care, disparities in protocol adherence and postoperative outcomes persist, particularly for vulnerable populations.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a single-institution database of elective colorectal surgeries (2018-2021). Patients were categorized and assessed by SES and race/ethnicity.

Results:
Overall, 1,519 patients were analyzed: 180 had low SES (11.8%) and 1,339 – high SES (88.2%). Low SES patients had lower rates of bowel preparation completion, use of the electronic patient portal, and carbohydrate loading pre-surgery. Low SES was associated with a longer median length of stay (LOS) (4 vs. 3 days, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed low SES was linked to higher odds of infectious (OR 2.46, 95%CI: 1.31-4.63) and all in-hospital complications (OR 1.50, 95%CI: 1.06-2.12). Among racial/ethnic cohorts, Black patients had lower rates of documented preoperative patient education, longer median LOS (5 vs. 3-4 days, P=0.002), and increased odds of respiratory complications (OR 4.11, 95%CI: 1.56-10.85).

Conclusions:
Low SES was linked to lower compliance with important process measures, higher infectious and all in-hospital complication rates, and longer LOS. Despite high rates of protocol compliance, Black race/ethnicity showed an association with increased odds of respiratory complications and extended LOS. Adjustments to perioperative protocols could address such disparities, helping to improve postoperative outcomes of colorectal surgeries.
Defining an NK Cell–enriched Rejection-like Phenotype in Liver Transplant Biopsies From the INTERLIVER Study
Authors: Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S. , Gauthier Patrick T. , Abouljoud Marwan , Bhati Chandra , Bruno David , Ciszek Michał , Durlik Magdalena , Feng Sandy , Foroncewicz Bartosz , Grąt Michał , Jurczyk Krzysztof , Levitsky Josh , McCaughan Geoff , Maluf Daniel , Montano-Loza Aldo , Moonka Dilip , Mucha Krzysztof , Myślak Marek , Perkowska-Ptasińska Agnieszka , Piecha Grzegorz , Reichman Trevor , Tronina Olga , Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska Marta , Zeair Samir , Halloran Philip F. 
Published: January 2025

Background.
Initial analysis of liver transplant biopsies in the INTERLIVER study (ClinicalTrials.gov; unique identifier NCT03193151) using rejection-associated transcripts failed to find an antibody-mediated rejection state (ie, rich in natural killer [NK] cells and with interferon-gamma effects). We recently developed an optimization strategy in lung transplants that isolated an NK cell–enriched rejection-like (NKRL) state that was molecularly distinct from T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR). Here we apply the same strategy to a liver transplant biopsy population.

Methods.
We used this strategy to search for a molecular NKRL state in 765 consented liver transplant biopsies collected at participating international centers for gold-standard histology and molecular assessment by genome-wide microarrays. Validation through a training set-test set approach of an optimized selection of variables as inputs into unsupervised rejection classification identified an NKRL state in livers.

Results.
The full model classified 765 biopsies into the following molecular phenotypes, characterized by their gene expression: no-rejection 54%, TCMR 16%, NKRL 13%, and injury 16%. Top TCMR transcripts were expressed in effector T cells; top NKRL transcripts were almost exclusively expressed in NK cells; and both had increased interferon-γ-inducible transcripts, which were more pronounced in TCMR. Most TCMR biopsies had significant parenchymal injury, molecular fibrosis, and abnormal biochemistry. NKRL biopsies had no excess of injury, fibrosis, or biochemistry abnormalities.

Conclusions.
Optimized rejection algorithms indicate that some liver transplants manifest an NKRL state that is well tolerated in the short term postbiopsy and with minimal injury and relatively normal biochemistry, while also underscoring the potential of TCMR to produce extensive parenchymal injury.
Using the natural capital framework to integrate biodiversity into sustainable, efficient and equitable environmental-economic decision-making
Authors: Binner Amy R. , Addicott Ethan T. , Balmford Ben , Day Brett H. , Mancini Mattia C. , Williamson Danny , Bateman Ian J. 
Published: January 2025

One of Georgina Mace’s many transformational research contributions was to provide a universally applicable framework for incorporating any or all elements and connections of the natural environment within conventional economic decision-making. We apply this natural capital framework to consider the overall effects of a suite of land-use policy options intended to promote the conservation and renewal of biodiversity. Options considered include sharing, sparing, three-compartment sparing, rewilding and organic farming regimes. Each is assessed in terms of its impact on both domestic and global biodiversity. Reinforced by an empirical application considering land use in Great Britain, we show that while policy has prioritized sharing options, evidence supports land sparing and three-compartment approaches as more efficient, sustainable and equitable alternatives.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future’
An African perspective to biodiversity conservation in the twenty-first century
Authors: Bezeng Bezeng S. , Ameka Gabriel , Angui Chia Michelle Valérie , Atuah Laura , Azihou Fortuné , Bouchenak-Khelladi Yanis , Carlisle Frank , Doubi Bi Tra Serges , Gaoue Orou G. , Gatarabirwa Wenceslas , Gitau Consolata , Hilton-Taylor Craig , Hipkiss Alex , Idohou Rodrigue , Kaplin Beth A. , Kemp Lucy , Mbawine Jacqueline S. , Logah Vincent , Matiku Paul , Ndang’ang’a Paul Kariuki , Nana Eric D. , Mundi Onella N. N. , Owusu Erasmus H. , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Smit-Robinson Hanneline , Yessoufou Kowiyou , Savolainen Vincent 
Published: January 2025

Africa boasts high biodiversity while also being home to some of the largest and fastest-growing human populations. Although the current environmental footprint of Africa is low compared to other continents, the population of Africa is estimated at around 1.5 billion inhabitants, representing nearly 18% of the world’s total population. Consequently, Africa’s rich biodiversity is under threat, yet only 19% of the landscape and 17% of the seascape are under any form of protection. To effectively address this issue and align with the Convention on Biological Diversity’s ambitious ‘30 by 30’ goal, which seeks to protect 30% of the world’s land and oceans by 2030, substantial funding and conservation measures are urgently required. In response to this critical challenge, as scientists and conservationists working in Africa, we propose five recommendations for future directions aimed at enhancing biodiversity conservation for the betterment of African society: (i) accelerate data collection, data sharing and analytics for informed policy and decision-making; (ii) innovate education and capacity building for future generations; (iii) enhance and expand protected areas, ecological networks and foundational legal frameworks; (iv) unlock creative funding channels for cutting-edge conservation initiatives; and (v) integrate indigenous and local knowledge into forward-thinking conservation strategies. By implementing these recommendations, we believe Africa can make significant strides towards preserving its unique biodiversity, while fostering a healthier society, and contributing to global conservation efforts.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future’.
Over-expressed KRT8 in the cytotrophoblast shell promotes the development of preeclampsia
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Yang Xiaohong , Chen Xiangyi , Yin Hen , Wu Junbo , Peng Jing , Sha Menghan , Liu Chunyan , Dai Qianwen , Zhao Kai , Zhao Yun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPreeclampsia is a “placenta-derived disorder” characterized disease, which remains a major unaddressed public health problem. The differentiation and development of cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts are two crucial processes, which are tightly regulated. And any abnormal regulation can lead to the occurrence of pregnancy-related diseases such as preeclampsia. In this article, we performed Spatial transcriptomics on tissues of PE and Normal, and found a large amount of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were accumulated in the cluster 8 (cytotrophoblast shell) of PE_decidua, and Trajectory analysis revealed KRT8 was over-expressed in the cytotrophoblast shell of PE_decidua. The accumulation of EVTs caused by the increase of KRT8 promotes the development of preeclampsia.
Pre-stimulation of Precision-Cut bovine udder slices with zymosan before LPS exposure indicates indicators for trained immunity
Authors: Filor Viviane , Myslinska Joanna , Saliani Amitis , Dalli Jesmond , Steinbach Sabine , Olinga Peter , Bäumer Wolfgang , Werling Dirk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMastitis in cattle poses a significant health challenge and results in substantial economic losses for the dairy industry. This study aimed to establish precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in vitro model to explore the potential of stimulating trained immunity in the udder. The goal was to investigate whether this approach could influence the early pathophysiological processes of mastitis and pave the way for developing new therapeutic strategies for udder inflammation in future research. PCBUS remained viable in culture for up to two weeks. When stimulated with E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan (an inducer of trained immunity), or pre-incubated with zymosan followed by LPS stimulation, the slices exhibited distinct responses in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and lipid mediator profiles. Additionally, cytokine production was influenced by the presence or absence of fetal calf serum (FCS), highlighting the potential limitations of FCS in in vitro studies. While the current experimental setup did not definitively confirm the induction of trained immunity in the bovine udder, it validated the utility of PCBUS as a robust in vitro model for studying bovine udder inflammation. This model offers a promising platform for developing innovative mastitis treatments, particularly given the growing concern over antimicrobial resistance. It also provides a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of immune responses in the bovine udder. By adapting the precision-cut tissue slice technique to bovine udders, this model enables extensive research into new therapeutic approaches and supports basic research efforts to characterize complex pathophysiological processes associated with mastitis.
Endovascular structures of the basilar artery: forms of the basilar nonfusion spectrum
Authors: Sługocki Mikołaj , Rzepliński Radosław , Tarka Sylwia , Stępień Tomasz , Tomaszewski Michał , Kucewicz Michał , Kępczyńska Gabriela , Małachowski Jerzy , Ciszek Bogdan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionCerebrovascular diseases are a growing social and clinical problem, and their pathogenesis is currently being thoroughly investigated. The intravascular anatomy of the cerebral circulation remains poorly understood, although an increasing number of endovascular interventions are being conducted during the course of diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe intravascular structures in the vertebrobasilar system and to investigate the hemodynamic consequences of their presence.MethodsThirty anatomical specimens of the human brain were analyzed via angioscopy of the vertebrobasilar system, and the presence of intravascular structures was documented. Additional histological studies were performed. The effect on blood flow was simulated using computational fluid dynamics by studying 5 different cases.ResultsIn 8 cases (26.7%), the following endovascular structures were visualized: 6 strings, one septum, and one chord. The histological structure showed a layered pattern, resembling that of the arterial wall: the outermost tunica intima, the innermost adventitia and the tunica media in between. Blood flow simulations revealed several areas of disturbed flow, including areas of low wall shear stress and recirculations, as well as areas of elevated wall shear stress.ConclusionsIntravascular structures are common in the basilar artery. The reason for their formation is the incomplete fusion of the longitudinal neural arteries, and together with fenestrations, they belong to the basilar nonfusion spectrum. The presence of structures can cause technical difficulties and ischemic complications related to endovascular interventions. Hemodynamic changes caused by endovascular structures can promote atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, narrowing of the pontine arteries and the development of aneurysms.
Bleeding Risk with Combination Antithrombotic Therapy: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Farrokh Salia , Nalleballe Krishna , Onteddu Sanjeeva , Suarez Jose I. , Bösel Julian , Shah Vishank A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on the safety of combining antiplatelets and anticoagulants (AC) for secondary stroke prevention in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We sought to examine the hemorrhage risk with combining single (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with AC in AIS patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsThis retrospective cross-sectional cohort study used TriNetX, a federated health analytics database that collects real-time electronic health records data from 76 participating healthcare organizations in the United States. Through queries performed on March 31, 2023, adult patients with simultaneous diagnoses of AIS, AF and acute MI were identified using ICD-10 codes over the past 20 years. Propensity score-matched analysis, matching for demographics and vascular co-morbidities, compared the odds for acute spontaneous ICH and GI bleeding at 3-months, 12-months and throughout follow-up within TriNetX, between three matched sub-cohorts: AC alone, AC+SAPT, and AC+DAPT.ResultsAmong 144,434 AIS patients with AF and MI (mean age, 71.9 years; 43.3% female), 8772 (6.1%) patients received AC alone, 88,430 (61.2%) received AC+SAPT, and 47,232 (32.7%) received AC+DAPT. After propensity-score matching, 8,706 patients were included in each sub-cohort. Compared to AC alone, AC+SAPT and AC+DAPT showed no significant increase in ICH risk at 3 and 12 months but increased long-term risk throughout follow-up (odds ratio [95% confidence intervals] for AC+SAPT, 1.26 [1.11-1.44], p<0.001; for AC+DAPT, 1.34 [1.18-1.53],p<0.001). Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk was elevated at all time-points with combination therapies.ConclusionWithin the limitations of a retrospective cross-sectional study using administrative data, this large propensity-score matched analysis demonstrates that combining antiplatelets with anticoagulants after AIS may be associated an increased risk of ICH only in the long-term, beyond 12-months, but with an increased risk of acute GI bleeding in the short and long-term. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Paediatric Palliative Care following Hospital discharge: Prevalence and factors associated with non-continuity of palliative care for children with cancer in Busoga sub-region-eastern Uganda; A mixed methods study
Authors: Ajambo Miriam , Rujumba Joseph , Mwaka Savio , Nyanzi Joseph Gavin , Nalwanga Damalie , Balagadde Joyce 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundPalliative care (PC) is crucial for children with cancer to alleviate suffering and enhance quality of life. However, continuity of pediatric palliative care (PPC) can be disrupted by factors such as lack of knowledge, stigma, bureaucratic hurdles, inadequate referral systems, and staffing shortages. There is limited data on the prevalence and factors associated with non-continuity of PPC in Uganda. This study explores the prevalence and factors contributing to non-continuity of PC among children with cancer in Uganda with Busoga Region in Eastern Uganda as a case study.MethodologyThis cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted at two specialized tertiary facilities in Uganda managing pediatric cancer. Data were extracted from online databases for 307 children treated from 2019 to 2023, of whom 80 were alive during the study. Caregivers of 77 children participated in interviews, and nine key informants from the two facilities and the only regional facility providing PC upon downward referral were also interviewed. Descriptive statistics summarized data as proportions or percentages, and bivariate analysis used crude odds ratios to identify significant associations. Key informant interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically using the socio-ecological model.ResultsThe prevalence of non-continuity of PC was 96.1% (95% CI: 88.4-98.0). Barriers identified included: individual-level gaps in caregiver knowledge; relationship-level issues such as inappropriate cultural beliefs; health system-level challenges like limited human resources, inadequate training and funding, poor coordination and referral pathways, and service access issues; and policy-level concerns, including the lack of a national palliative care policy.ConclusionThe high prevalence of non-continuity of PC for children with cancer in Busoga highlights significant deficiencies in integrating palliative care into pediatric oncology services in Uganda. Addressing these challenges requires urgent government action to enhance palliative care funding and resources.
The atmospheric pressure capillary plasma jet is well-suited to supply H2O2for plasma-driven biocatalysis
Authors: Dirks Tim , Stoesser Davina , Schüttler Steffen , Hollmann Frank , Golda Judith , Bandow Julia E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPlasma-generated H2O2can be used to fuel biocatalytic reactions that require H2O2as co-substrate such as the conversion of ethylbenzene to (R)-1-phenylethanol ((R)-1-PhOl) catalyzed by unspecific peroxygenase fromAgrocybe aegerita(rAaeUPO). Immobilization was recently shown to protect biocatalysts from inactivation by highly reactive plasma-produced species, however, H2O2supply by the employed plasma sources (µAPPJ and DBD) was limiting for rAaeUPO performance. In this study we evaluated a recently introduced capillary plasma jet for suitability to supply H2O2in situ. H2O2production was modulated by varying the water concentration in the feed gas, providing a greater operating window for applications in plasma-driven biocatalysis. In a static system after 80 min of biocatalysis, a turnover number of 44,199 mol(R)-1-PhOlmol-1rAaeUPOwas achieved without significant enzyme inactivation. By exchanging the reaction solution every 5 min, a total product yield of 122 µmol (R)-1-PhOl was achieved in 700 min run time, resulting in a total turnover number of 174,209 mol(R)-1-PhOlmol-1rAaeUPO. We conclude that the capillary plasma jet, due to its flexibility regarding feed gas, admixtures, and power input, is well-suited forin situH2O2generation for plasma-driven biocatalysis tailoring to enzymes with high H2O2turnover.
The Interplay Between Cell-cell Signaling and Negative Feedback Reduces Population Noise While Enhancing Single-cell Variability
Authors: Ren Xinying 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNegative feedback is a well-known mechanism for attenuating noise and enhancing robustness in biological systems. When coupled with cell-cell signaling, it provides a strategy for achieving population-level control in multicellular systems. While cell-cell signaling alone tends to reduce cell-to-cell variability by averaging fluctuations across cells, its interplay with negative feedback can produce contrasting effects on noise regulation at single-cell and population levels. Therefore, to design population-level controllers that achieve robust behaviors with attenuated noise, a systematically understanding of how different noise sources impact cell gene expressions at these levels become a critical challenge. Here, we investigate noise regulation in a quorum sensing-based negative feedback system, focusing on two extrinsic noise sources: process noise from target gene dynamics and measurement noise from quorum sensing dynamics. Our results reveal that signal-based negative feedback significantly reduces process noise at the population level, especially for dynamic noise. However, at the single-cell level, it enhances variability, with increased noise levels under faster signal diffusion and higher population density. In contrast, measurement noise is consistently attenuated at both single-cell and population levels through the coupled cell-cell signaling and negative feedback, under conditions of faster diffusion and higher density.