bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on tropical Indian Ocean sea surface height: An assessment from CMIP6 models
Authors: Chinta Veeranjaneyulu , Du Yan , Hong Yu , Chen Zesheng , Chowdary Jasti S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examined the sea level (SL) changes on the interdecadal timescale in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) in response to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The analysis suggests that the interdecadal sea level pattern variation in the Thermocline Ridge of the Indian Ocean (TRIO) area coincides with the IPO phases and is mainly caused by fluctuations of surface forcing over the TIO. Changes in tropical wind stress curl (WSC) mainly induce the SL variability on the interdecadal timescale associated with IPO in the TRIO region in both observations and models. The stochastic wind forcing and its interaction with the ocean's internal variability produce significant interdecadal SL fluctuation in the southeast Indian Ocean. We evaluated the ability of 20 CMIP6 models to capture interdecadal variations in sea level teleconnections. We found that about 75% of models reproduce decadal fluctuations related to IPO pretty well. The interdecadal variations of the SL in the western TIO emerge primarily in response to westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves induced by the WSC in the central‐south TIO in MMM, and models as in observations. Pacific IPO‐related anomalies primarily spread through the oceanic pathways of the Maritime Continent in the eastern Indian Ocean. Further, the IPO induces changes in the western Indian Ocean WSC through atmospheric pathways, which in turn causes Rossby waves to move westward, affecting the southwest Indian SL. Almost all the models and MMM show interdecadal SL variations in TIO associated with IPO. This study is beneficial as interdecadal prediction research on SL has a significant societal need.
Kinetics of the cross‐reaction of CH3O2 + HO2 radicals measured in the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Østerstrøm Freja F. , Onel Lavinia , Brennan Alexander , Parr Joseph M. , Whalley Lisa K. , Seakins Paul W. , Heard Dwayne E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sensitive Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (FAGE) method has been used to detect methyl peroxy (CH3O2) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals after their conversion by titration with excess NO to methoxy (CH3O) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals, respectively, to study the kinetics of the reaction of CH3O2 + HO2 radicals. The rate coefficient of the reaction was measured in the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) at 1000 mbar of synthetic air at T = 268–344 K, selectively detecting both radicals. Using a numerical model to fit both CH3O2 and HO2 radical temporal decays globally at each temperature investigated, rate coefficients for the reaction have been obtained. The room temperature rate coefficient was found to be kCH3O2 +HO2(295 K) = (4.6 ± 0.7) × 10−12 molecule−1 cm3 s−1 (2σ errors) and the temperature dependence of the rate coefficient can be characterized in Arrhenius form by kCH3O2 + HO2(268 K < T < 344 K) = (5.1 ± 2.1) × 10−13 × exp((637 ± 121)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The rate coefficients obtained here are 14%–16% lower than the literature recommended values with an uncertainty which is reduced significantly compared to previous reports.
Temperature regulates Synechococcus population dynamics seasonally and across the continental shelf
Authors: Stevens Bethany L. F. , Crockford E. Taylor , Peacock Emily E. , Neubert Michael G. , Sosik Heidi M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHourly, year‐round flow cytometry has made it possible to relate seasonal environmental variability to the population dynamics of the smallest, most abundant phytoplankton on the Northeast US Shelf. To evaluate whether the insights from these data extend to Synechococcus farther from shore, we analyze flow cytometry measurements made continuously from the underway systems on 21 cruises traveling between the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) and the continental shelf break. We describe how seasonal patterns in Synechococcus, which have been documented in detail at MVCO, occur across the region with subtle variation. We find that the underlying relationship between temperature and division rate is consistent across the shelf and can explain much of the observed spatial variability in concentration. Connecting individual cell properties to annual and regional patterns in environmental conditions, these results demonstrate the value of autonomous monitoring and create an improved picture of picophytoplankton dynamics within an economically important ecosystem.
A Versatile Method to Create Perfusable, Capillary‐Scale Channels in Cell‐Laden Hydrogels Using Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Liu Emily I. , Footner Elizabeth , Quigley Anita , Baker Chris , Foley Peter , Pirogova Elena , Kapsa Robert M. I. , O'Connell Cathal D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA major obstacle toward creating human‐scale artificial tissue models is supplying encapsulated cells with oxygen and other nutrients throughout the construct. In particular, creating channels in hydrogels that match the resolution and density of the smallest blood capillaries (≤10 µm) remains highly challenging. Here, a novel method is demonstrated where polycaprolactone fibers printed using melt‐electrowriting are encapsulated in cell‐laden hydrogels and then physically removed to produce hollow, perfusable channels. This technique produces a range of channel diameters (10–41 µm) with circular cross‐sections and in hydrogels representing various crosslinking mechanisms. The channels can be formed as interconnected grids, hierarchically branched patterns, or stacked in layers with ≈200 µm channel spacing, thus matching average capillary density in the human body. Alternatively, selective removal of fibers from a melt electrowriting grid can generate perfusable channels within a reinforcing fiber network. This method can be performed in the presence of cells, with human fibroblasts exhibiting encapsulated in gelatin methacryloyl showing no detectable cytotoxic effects. This technique is a promising approach for creating perfusable channels with very small diameters within cell‐laden hydrogel matrices, with potential applications including in vitro tissue models and hydrogel microfluidics.
Beyond Yield Optimization: The Impact of Organosolv Process Parameters on Lignin Structure
Authors: Bergrath Jonas , Rumpf Jessica , Burger René , Do Xuan Tung , Wirtz Michaela , Schulze Margit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen optimizing the process parameters of the acidic ethanolic organosolv process, the aim is usually to maximize the delignification and/or lignin purity. However, process parameters such as temperature, time, ethanol and catalyst concentration, respectively, can also be used to vary the structural properties of the obtained organosolv lignin, including the molecular weight and the ratio of aliphatic versus phenolic hydroxyl groups, among others. This review particularly focuses on these influencing factors and establishes a trend analysis between the variation of the process parameters and the effect on lignin structure. Especially when larger data sets are available, as for process temperature and time, correlations between the distribution of depolymerization and condensation reactions are found, which allow direct conclusions on the proportion of lignin's structural features, independent of the diversity of the biomass used. The newfound insights gained from this review can be used to tailor organosolv lignins isolated for a specific application.
Longitudinal Synaptic Loss in Primary Tauopathies: An In Vivo [11C]UCB‐J Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Holland Negin , Jones P. Simon , Savulich George , Naessens Michelle , Malpetti Maura , Whiteside David J. , Street Duncan , Swann Peter , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Rittman Timothy , Mulroy Eoin , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Bhatia Kailash P. , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic loss is characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases; it occurs early and is strongly related to functional deficits.ObjectiveIn this longitudinal observational study, we determine the rate at which synaptic density is reduced in the primary tauopathies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and we test the relationship with disease progression.MethodsOur cross‐sectional cohort included 32 participants with probable PSP and 16 with probable CBD (all amyloid‐negative corticobasal syndrome), recruited from tertiary care centers in the United Kingdom, and 33 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control subjects. Synaptic density was estimated by positron emission tomography imaging with the radioligand [11C]UCB‐J that binds synaptic vesicle 2A. Clinical severity and cognition were assessed by the PSP Rating Scale and the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination. Regional [11C]UCB‐J nondisplaceable binding potential was estimated in Hammersmith Atlas regions of interest. Twenty‐two participants with PSP/CBD had a follow‐up [11C]UCB‐J positron emission tomography scan after 1 year. We calculated the annualized change in [11C]UCB‐J nondisplaceable binding potential and correlated this with the change in clinical severity.ResultsWe found significant annual synaptic loss within the frontal lobe (−3.5%, P = 0.03) and the right caudate (−3.9%, P = 0.046). The degree of longitudinal synaptic loss within the frontal lobe correlated with the rate of change in the PSP Rating Scale (R = 0.47, P = 0.03) and cognition (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination–Revised, R = −0.62, P = 0.003).ConclusionsWe provide in vivo evidence for rapid progressive synaptic loss, correlating with clinical progression in primary tauopathies. Synaptic loss may be an important therapeutic target and outcome variable for early‐phase clinical trials of disease‐modifying treatments. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Orthoplastic limb reconstruction using free fibula flap after trauma: Outcomes from a retrospective European multicenter study
Authors: Di Summa Pietro G. , de Schoulepnikoff Camille , Guillier David , Cigna Emanuele , Jiga Lucian P. , Jandali Zaher , Vezza Daniele , Giacalone Francesco , Ciclamini Davide , Battiston Bruno , Elia Rossella , Maruccia Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFree vascularized fibula flap represents the gold standard vascularized bone graft for the management of segmental long bone defects after traumatic injury. The current study represents the largest retrospective multicenter data collection on the use of free fibula flap (FFF) for extremities' orthoplastic reconstruction after trauma aiming to highlight current surgical practice and to set the basis for updating current surgical indications.MethodsThe study is designed as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data between 2009 and 2021 from six European University hospitals. Patients who underwent fibula flap reconstruction after acute traumatic injury (AF) or as a late reconstruction (LF) after post‐traumatic non‐union of upper or lower limb were included. Only extra‐articular, diaphyseal fracture were included in the study. Surgical data were collected. Time to bone healing and complications were reported as clinical outcomes.ResultsSixty‐two patients were included in the study (27 in the AF group and 35 in the LF group). The average patients' age at the time of the traumatic event was 45.3 ± 2.9 years in the AF group and 41.1 ± 2.1 years in the LF group. Mean bone defect size was 7.7 ± 0.6 cm for upper limb and 11.2 ± 1.1 cm (p = .32) for lower limb. Bone healing was uneventful in 69% of treated patients, reaching 92% after complementary procedures. Bone healing time was 7.6 ± 1.2 months in the acute group and 9.6 ± 1.5 months in the late group. An overall complication rate of 30.6% was observed, with a higher percentage of late bone complications in the LF group (34%), mostly non‐union cases.ConclusionsFFF reconstruction represents a reliable and definitive solution for long bone defects with bone healing reached in 92% cases with a 8.4 months of average bone healing time.
An Exploratory Study of the Effect of Tinnitus on Listening Effort Using EEG and Pupillometry
Authors: Sendesen Eser , Kılıç Samet , Erbil Nurhan , Aydın Özgür , Turkyilmaz Didem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePrevious behavioral studies on listening effort in tinnitus patients did not consider extended high‐frequency hearing thresholds and had conflicting results. This inconsistency may be related that listening effort is not evaluated by the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS), which are directly related to tinnitus pathophysiology. This study matches hearing thresholds at all frequencies, including the extended high‐frequency and reduces hearing loss to objectively evaluate listening effort over the CNS and ANS simultaneously in tinnitus patients.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsSixteen chronic tinnitus patients and 23 matched healthy controls having normal pure‐tone averages with symmetrical hearing thresholds were included. Subjects were evaluated with 0.125 to 20 kHz pure‐tone audiometry, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), electroencephalography (EEG), and pupillometry.ResultsPupil dilation and EEG alpha band in the “coding” phase of the sentence presented in tinnitus patients was less than in the control group (p < .05). VAS score was higher in the tinnitus group (p < .01). Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between EEG and pupillometry components and THI or MoCA (p > .05).ConclusionThis study suggests that tinnitus patients may need to make an extra effort to listen. Also, pupillometry may not be sufficiently reliable to assess listening effort in ANS‐related pathologies. Considering the possible listening difficulties in tinnitus patients, reducing the listening difficulties, especially in noisy environments, can be added to the goals of tinnitus therapy protocols.
Cochlear Implantation in US Military Veterans: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Totten Douglas J. , Saltagi Abdul , Libich Karen , Pisoni David B. , Nelson Rick F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveMilitary veterans have high rates of noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) which is associated with more significant spiral ganglion neuronal loss. This study explores the relationship between NIHL and cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in veterans.Study DesignRetrospective case series of veterans who underwent CI between 2019 and 2021.SettingVeterans Health Administration hospital.MethodsAzBio Sentence Test, Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant (CNC) scores, and Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) were measured pre‐ and postoperatively. Linear regression assessed relationships between outcomes and noise exposure history, etiology of hearing loss, duration of hearing loss, and Self‐Administered Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE) scores.ResultsFifty‐two male veterans were implanted at an average (standard deviation) age of 75.0 (9.2) years without major complications. The average duration of hearing loss was 36.0 (18.4) years. The average time of hearing aid use was 21.2 (15.4) years. Noise exposure was reported in 51.3% of patients. Objectively, AzBio and CNC scores 6 months postoperatively showed significant improvement of 48% and 39%, respectively. Subjectively, average 6‐month SSQ scores showed significant improvement by 34 points (p < .0001). Younger age, SAGE score ≥17, and shorter duration of amplification were associated with higher postoperative AzBio scores. Greater improvement in AzBio and CNC scores was associated with lower preoperative scores. Noise exposure was not associated with any difference in CI performance.ConclusionDespite high levels of noise exposure and advanced age, veterans derive substantial benefits from cochlear implantation. SAGE score ≥17 may be predictive of overall CI outcomes. Noise exposure does not impact CI outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Kisspeptin regulates airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a mouse model of asthma
Authors: Borkar Niyati A , Ambhore Nilesh Sudhakar , Balraj Premanand , Ramakrishnan Yogaraj S , Sathish Venkatachalem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAsthma is a multifactorial disease of origin characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway remodeling. Several pieces of evidence from other pathologies suggest that Kisspeptins (Kp) regulate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, mechanisms that are highly relevant to asthma. Our recent in vitro studies show Kp‐10 (active peptide of Kp), via its receptor, KISS1R, inhibits human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Here, we hypothesize a crucial role for Kp‐10 in regulating AHR and airway remodeling in vivo. Utilizing C57BL/6J mice, we assessed the effect of chronic intranasal Kp‐10 exposure on mixed allergen (MA)‐induced mouse model of asthma. MA‐challenged mice showed significant deterioration of lung function compared to those exposed to vehicle (DPBS); Kp‐10 treatment significantly improved the MA‐altered lung functions. Mice treated with Kp‐10 alone did not show any notable changes in lung functions. MA‐exposed mice showed a significant reduction in KISS1R expression as compared to vehicle alone. MA‐challenged mice showed significant alterations in immune cell infiltration in the airways and remodeling changes. Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly increased upon MA exposure, an effect abrogated by Kp‐10 treatment. Furthermore, biochemical and histological studies showed Kp‐10 exposure significantly reduced MA‐induced smooth muscle mass and soluble collagen in the lung. Overall, our findings highlight the effect of chronic Kp‐10 exposure in regulating MA‐induced AHR and remodeling. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hypertonic glucose pleurodesis for preterm neonates with chylothorax
Authors: Hon Kam Lun Ellis , Hui Chuk Man Peter , Fung Genevieve P. G. , Leung Karen K. Y. , Yung Tak C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChylothorax is a known complication of postcardiac surgery and the most common cause of pleural effusion in neonates. Conservative management is usually adopted, including Nil‐per‐Oral (NPO), treatment of underlying etiology of infection, and use of octreotide. Chylothorax resistant to medical therapy and drainage is often treated by chemical pleurodesis. Previously used pleurodesis agents have included talc, minocycline, OK‐432, bleomycin, and povidone‐iodine. 50% Dextrose (D50) has been reported to be useful for pleurodesis in adults. We successfully managed two cases of prematurely born infants with D50 as an alternative chemical sclerosant for chemical pleurodesis in a resistant chylothorax and discussed evidence of its use in the literature
Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2021 and 2022: Physiology
Authors: Feld Lance , Dobkin Shoshana L. , Maniaci Jon , Ren Clement L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary physiology is a core element of pediatric pulmonology care and research. This article reviews some of the notable publications in physiology that were published in Pediatric Pulmonology in 2021 and 2022.
Glutaeal Remodelling Protocol: Volumization with Hyaluronic Acid and Collagen Biostimulation with Poly-L-Lactic Acid
Authors: Faria Gladstone , Boggio Ricardo , Bellini Marcelo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop an aesthetic treatment protocol for the glutes through the combination of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and body hyaluronic acid (HA).

Patients and methods
Six female patients who aimed for glutaeal harmonisation were evaluated. Patients were treated with the combined protocol of Rennova Elleva® (poly-L-lactic acid) and Rennova Body Shape® (HA). The results were evaluated through quantitative and ultrasonographic analyses.

Results
The results showed that after 45–90 days after treatment there was an increase in the glutaeal region of the treated patients. The improvement in glutaeal harmonisation was demonstrated through qualitative comparisons and analyses.

Conclusion
Clinical evidence from these six cases suggests that the combined use of PLLA (Rennova Elleva®) and HA (Rennova Body Shape®) offers an excellent balance between efficacy and safety, with excellent aesthetic results.
Male Genital Lichen Sclerosus and Associated Symptoms Range and Severity: Results of a Questionnaire Study
Authors: Shah Manu , van Bodegraven Birgitta 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLS) is a chronic inflammatory condition most often seen in uncircumcised men. It has an association with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and causes significant morbidity in many men. It may present with a range of symptoms, notably male dyspareunia. The full range of symptoms in individuals has yet to be elucidated.

Aim
To identify the range and severity of patient's symptoms using a questionnaire to quantify symptoms, including sexual function and urinary symptoms. Patients with MGLS were compared against patients diagnosed with other genital skin conditions (non-MGLS).

Methods
Retrospective review of patients attending a specialist male genital skin clinic. A questionnaire, where symptoms were ranked between 0 (not present/no effect) and 10 (severe effect) was presented as part of the clinical assessment. Clinical diagnosis of MGLS or non-MGLS was made at the assessment.

Results
Sixty four patients attending the clinic completed the questionnaire, and 50 patients were diagnosed with MGLS. Splitting of skin (61.0%), soreness (61.0%), and unusual appearance or colour of penis (57.8%) were the most frequently reported physical symptoms in patients with MGLS. Non-MGLS patients reported these same symptoms in 35.7%, 35.7%, and 50.0% of cases respectively.

Conclusion
Administering a simple numeric questionnaire for patients with MGLS has revealed multiple symptoms experienced by most patients. Scoring these symptoms allows the clinician to focus on the problems that most concern the individual patient, rather than just focussing on the physician's assessment of clinical disease.