bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome and Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated With Palatal Wound Healing
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid Fernandes , Ferreira Bonafé Ana Carolina , Gonzalez Octavio A. , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Monteiro Mabelle de Freitas , Casarin Renato Corrêa Vianna , Shaddox Luciana Macchion , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe clinical outcomes of a variety of surgical procedures highly depend on tissue repair and show high variability among patients. There is a gap in the literature on how the host inflammatory response, the microbiome, and the interplay between them can influence oral mucosa healing. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the microbiome and biomarkers profiles in patients who had desired versus undesired wound healing in the palatal mucosa.MethodsSeventeen patients underwent a free gingival graft (FGG) for socket preservation. Palatal wound closure (WC) and epithelization (EPT) were assessed clinically. Biofilm from the palatal wound was collected before the surgical procedure and 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively. The inflammatory exudate was sampled on Days 3 and 7. At 14 days posttreatment, patients were classified into two groups based on EPT rates: (1) undesired healing (UH) and (2) desired healing (DH).ResultsNo difference was observed in alfa diversity over time or between groups. In beta diversity, both UH and DH showed microbiome changes on Days 3–7 and 7, respectively, compared with the baseline (p = 0.01), returning to its initial condition 30 days later. There was a trend toward a different microbiome profile between groups on Day 7 (p = 0.08). Bacterium composition in DH showed a balance between healthy species and oral pathogens over time, whereas UH composition was characterized by microorganisms correlated with epithelium invasion/cytotoxicity; virulence factor upregulation; and oral diseases, such as periodontitis and aphthous stomatitis, until Day 30. UH showed an increase in IL‐6, MCP‐1, and MIP‐1α over time, and DH showed a decrease in TIMP‐1, IL‐1β, and MIP‐1α. On Days 3 and 7, MIP‐1α and MMP‐2 showed greater concentrations of DH in the intergroup assessment, and MCP‐1 increased on Day 7 in UH.ConclusionSpecific microbiome/inflammatory profiles are associated with DH and UH.Trial Registration: NCT05171400
Efficacy of probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic and postbiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health in cats: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: López Martí Á. , Montero Palma C. , López Martí H. , Ranchal Sánchez A. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe clinical efficacy of the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics (biotics) in cats is unknown, despite their use in daily practice. The objectives of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of biotic supplementation in treating and preventing gastroenteropathies, and in reducing gastrointestinal signs associated with antibiotics in cats.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was conducted by searching four databases for publications before August 2, 2024, following a pre‐registered protocol. Eligible publications were trials involving healthy cats or those with gastroenteropathies, supplemented with biotics (and an inactive control), studying outcomes such as faecal consistency, faecal microbiota or vomiting. Risk of bias and quality of reports were assessed. Effects were synthesised by meta‐analyses and vote counting based on direction of effect. Certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE approach.ResultsTwenty reports were included, presenting unclear or low risk of bias. The evidence did not permit a high‐confidence evaluation of the effectiveness of biotics, although five of the seven probiotic trials showed beneficial effects on faecal consistency. Synbiotics presented no clinically relevant effect in reducing antibiotics‐associated vomiting, with very low certainty, in a meta‐analysis including 32 adult cats. Probiotics significantly reduce the Bacillota/Actinomycetota ratio, with low certainty, in a meta‐analysis involving 34 healthy young‐adult cats. Following vote counting, probiotics improved immune profile in young cats, and increased butyric acid concentration in healthy cats.Clinical SignificanceCurrent data highlight the need for further research, especially focused on at‐risk groups and sick cats, before advocating the use of biotic supplementation.
Optimising lighting conditions to enhance seafarer adaptation to the ‘6‐h on/6‐h off’ shift pattern: a balanced crossover study
Authors: Zhao Chenyao , Li Nuoyi , Yi Xiangwei , Wang Xiao , He Ying , Shen Haiping , Lin Yandan 
Published: January 2025

SummaryThe ‘6‐h on/6‐h off’ shift pattern could potentially disrupt the physiological rhythms and cognitive performance of seafarers, attributed to its shorter and more frequent shifts. Conversely, light exposure has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive abilities and synchronise physiological processes. Therefore, we studied the fatigue, cognition, sleep and rhythm of seafarers with different shifts to determine how light can benefit their performance. A total of 16 seafarers participated in a 2 × 2 crossover study, which involved two shift types (Morning–Evening and Day–Night) and two lighting conditions (static lighting and dynamic lighting). Sleepiness, cognition and fatigue were assessed every 2 h during ‘6‐h on’ period, using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, psychomotor vigilance task, critical flicker frequency and visual analogue scale for fatigue. Sleep was monitored during ‘6‐h off’ period, core body temperature was continuously tracked for rhythm throughout the shift protocol. For the Day–Night shift, the static mode with stable higher illuminance than dynamic lighting significantly reduced sleepiness (p = 0.01), objective fatigue (p = 0.001), subjective fatigue (fatigue level [p = 0.004] and visual fatigue [p = 0.001]) during the night period, while increasing sleep duration during the day (6:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) and delaying the rhythm. For the Morning–Evening shift, dynamic lighting with lower illuminance significantly increased sleep duration during the night (12:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.) without causing a significant difference in performance. Overall, static lighting is more suitable for Day–Night shift seafarers due to lower sleepiness, fatigue and longer daytime sleep duration, while dynamic lighting is more suitable for Morning–Evening shift seafarers due to longer night‐time sleep duration. Therefore, different lighting patterns should be adopted for seafarers during different shifts.
Transforming medical anthropology: Community, praxis, and the Black Feminist Health Science Studies Collaboratory
Authors: Oni‐Orisan Adeola , Aboii Sheyda M. , Edu Ugo Felicia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite the transformative contributions of Black feminist thought, medical anthropology often fails to recognize or center the works of Black feminist thinkers. We argue that Black feminist theory is critical for a study and praxis of new approaches to healing, health, medicine, illness, disability, and care. We can't continue to simply recognize that current systems are failing us; Black feminist theory moves us past recognition toward transformative liberation. This special issue emerges from works and conversations leading up to, during, and after the first Black Feminist Health Science Studies Collaboratory, held virtually in May 2021. Through the Collaboratory, we propose a new form of coming together around the sharing of knowledge and practice based in Black feminist thought and Black feminist healing arts. The collection of works that follow demonstrates and provides practical means toward a more liberatory practice of medical anthropology.
Empowering Regional Conservation: Genetic Diversity Assessments as a Tool for Eelgrass Management
Authors: Faust Ellika , Rigby Kristie , Olsson Anders , Alenius Beatrice , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Jahnke Marlene 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo halt the loss of biodiversity, collaboration among scientists, managers and decision‐makers is vital. Although biodiversity loss is a global problem, management actions influencing diversity are often on a local to regional scale. Our study is an example of a regional conservation genomic assessment developed in collaboration between scientists and managers. We used 2bRAD sequencing to assess 18 eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows in northwestern Sweden, an area that has experienced large losses of eelgrass since the 1980s. Genetic diversity was comparable to other assessed meadows in the Atlantic, but an order of magnitude lower than eelgrass in the Pacific. All but one meadow showed high rates of sexual reproduction. Almost all meadows were divergent but grouped into five genetic clusters. Four of the clusters correspond to geographic regions that can be used to define management units. Meadows in areas with a high decline in eelgrass between the 1980s and 2020s are more inbred than meadows in areas with an increase in eelgrass. Overall, our results indicate that striving to protect a number of large eelgrass meadows within each genetic cluster is important for maintaining the genetic diversity and connectivity of eelgrass in northwestern Sweden and is likely beneficial for the wider ecosystem. We estimate current indicators and essential biodiversity variables and discuss their challenges in marine facultative clonal species. We showcase how regional‐scale conservation genomic assessments can serve as a foundation for protection and restoration of a priority species.
Apple Bitter Rot: Biology, Ecology, Omics, Virulence Factors, and Management of Causal Colletotrichum Species
Authors: Boeckman Nathanial J. , Borba Matheus Correa , Bernal Valentina Valencia , Khodadadi Fatemeh , Jurick Wayne M. , Aćimović Srđan G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTApple bitter rot is caused by various Colletotrichum spp. that threaten apple production globally resulting in millions of dollars in damage annually. The fungus causes a decline in fruit quality and yield, eventually rotting the fruit and rendering it inedible. The pathogen is difficult to keep out of orchards because of its broad host range and transmissibility by rain splash and insects. Once the disease manifests, pathogen identification is difficult due to evolving taxonomy and similar morphology between species. Current management strategies are threatened by an increase in fungicide resistance and regulations on many multisite fungicides, leading to a pressing need for new management options for control. This review aims to summarise the most current knowledge regarding the biology, virulence factors, ecology, omics and emerging management strategies for Colletotrichum species that cause apple bitter rot.TaxonomyColletotrichum species—Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota, Class Sordariomycetes, Order Glomerellales, Family Glomerellaceae, Genus Colletotrichum.BiologyHemibiotrophic pathogen with a wide host range that establishes a biotrophic interaction where it penetrates host plants using appressoria followed by a switch to necrotrophy causing rot symptoms.ToxinsCercosporin, colletotrichins, colletotric acid, ferricrocin.Host RangeThe host range varies by species but largely occurs on dicotyledonous plants and is less prevalent on monocots as well as gymnosperms, ferns, mosses and animals (e.g., insects).Disease SymptomsSymptoms often manifest as flat to sunken necrotic areas on fruit. Lesions on leaves and fruit can have concentric rings with abundant pathogen sporulation.Disease ControlColletotrichum spp. are primarily managed by single‐site quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, and multisite dithiocarbamate and phthalimide fungicides. Susceptibility may vary with species, strain specificity, or geographic region. Other management options include clean stock production, cultural practices, resistance breeding, and biological control through the introduction of protective or competing microorganisms.
Navigating Toxicity: Investigating the Interplay Between Workplace Gaslighting, Workaholism, and Agility Among Nurses
Authors: El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Alsenany Samira Ahmed , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Othman Ahmed Abdellah , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTToxic workplace environments, especially those involving gaslighting, are known to contribute to stress and excessive work habits, such as workaholism, which may hinder a nurse's agility—an essential skill in adapting to fast‐paced healthcare environments. However, the interplay between workplace gaslighting, workaholism, and agility in nursing remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between workplace gaslighting, workaholism, and agility among nurses, focusing on how gaslighting moderates this relationship. This study is a multicenter cross‐sectional that was conducted among 594 full‐time nurses from three major hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected using the Gaslighting at Work Questionnaire, Workforce Agility Scale, and Bergen Work Addiction Scale. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to test the study hypotheses. Results revealed that nurses reported moderate levels of workaholism, workplace gaslighting, and agility. Significant negative correlations were found between agility and both workplace gaslighting and workaholism. Gaslighting negatively moderated the relationship between workaholism and agility, exacerbating the impact of workaholism on nurses' ability to remain agile. The findings indicate that toxic workplace behaviors, such as gaslighting and workaholism, undermine nurses' agility. Regulatory safeguards are necessary to protect nurses from such environments, ensuring both their well‐being and the quality of healthcare services. These findings call for the development of national standards and policies to address workplace mental health and ensure accountability in healthcare settings.
Impact of orthokeratology and low‐dose atropine on corneal biomechanics and myopia progression in children
Authors: Lee Ssu‐Hsien , Tsai Ping‐Chiao , Chiu Yu‐Chieh , Wang Jen‐Hung , Chiu Cheng‐Jen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effects of orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine on corneal biomechanical properties (CBPs) and myopia progression in children, focusing on their association with axial length (AL) changes and treatment outcomes.MethodsIn this 1‐year prospective study, 53 children (aged 8–17 years) were enrolled, with 30 undergoing orthokeratology and 23 receiving 0.01% atropine. CBP parameters, including the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI), central corneal thickness (CCT), biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and stress–strain index (SSI), were assessed at baseline and during follow‐ups at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The orthokeratology group was further stratified into good and poor responders based on early myopia reduction.ResultsThe orthokeratology group exhibited a significant increase in CBI over time, particularly among good responders, while CCT, bIOP and SSI remained stable. In contrast, no significant changes in CBPs were observed in the atropine group. AL elongation showed no significant correlation with CBP changes in either group. The orthokeratology group achieved superior control of myopia progression compared to the atropine group at 12 months, with poor responders exhibiting better long‐term AL control.ConclusionsBoth orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine were effective in controlling myopia. While atropine had no impact on CBPs, the increase in CBI with orthokeratology may predict early treatment outcomes. However, the initial response to orthokeratology did not guarantee long‐term effectiveness, highlighting the need for individualised treatment monitoring.
Macrophage Polarisation During Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Infection in Mice
Authors: Floro e Silva Marina , Roque Guilherme Augusto Sanches , de Oliveira Coser Lilian , Jorge Genesy Pérez , de Oliveira Alexandre Leite Rodrigues , Rocha Francisca Janaína Soares , Giorgio Selma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causes cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Macrophages are host cells for parasite replication and act as effector cells against the parasite. The two main macrophage phenotypes (M1 and M2) and their polarisation states have been implicated in Leishmania infection despite scarce data on L. (V.) braziliensis. In this study, we investigated the temporal and spatial distribution and predominance of M1 and M2 macrophages during L. (V.) braziliensis infection in Balb/c mice. Animals were infected with L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes and were monitored for 25 weeks. Histopathological evaluation of footpad lesions, regional lymph nodes, and spleen; cellularity; and macrophage population quantification of M1, and M2 macrophages by flow cytometry were performed in different tissues. The results showed that after infection with either strain of L. (V.) braziliensis the lesions were small and non‐ulcerated. The dissemination of parasites to tissues reinforced the characteristic visualisation of dermotropicL. (V.) braziliensis. The proportion of M2 macrophages in different tissues was significantly higher than that of M1 macrophages. Overall, the results reported here confirm that Leishmania an intracellular parasite, promotes and influences macrophage phenotype polarisation in different tissues over time, and researchers testing therapies based on macrophage phenotype regulation should consider this evidence.
What Is Wrong with Imposing Risk of Harm?
Authors: Rowe Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhen and why is it wrong to impose a pure risk of harm on others? A pure risk of harm is a risk that fails to materialise into the harm that is threatened. It initially seems puzzling on what grounds a pure risk of harm can be wrong. There have been multiple attempts to explain the wrongness of imposing risk either by reference to the badness of the risked outcome itself or to impacts on the victim, such as harm. In this article, I argue that these approaches are unsatisfactory. Instead, I motivate another approach, what I call a wronging‐first approach to the wrongness of imposing pure risk of harm. This approach explains the wrongness of imposing risk of harm in virtue of it being a wronging. As an example of this approach, I put forward the Adequate Concern Account, which holds that an imposition of a risk of harm is wrong in virtue of the act failing to consider the victim's equal moral standing as a stringent source of constraints on conduct. I close by demonstrating the superiority of this approach and account to existing outcome‐based approaches.
The ITLOS advisory opinion on climate change: Revisiting the relationship between the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Paris Agreement
Authors: Klerk Bastiaan E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) has issued its highly anticipated Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and International Law, following a request from the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law (COSIS). The landmark Advisory Opinion elucidated numerous contentious issues around the interplay between the climate change and the law of the sea regimes. This article critically examines the ITLOS Advisory Opinion with respect to the relationship between the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), contextualising them within the extensive academic and political discourse preceding the Opinion. In particular, the lex specialis question is brought into sharper focus. The Tribunal rejected the notion that the Paris Agreement is lex specialis with respect to climate change impacts on the ocean and clarified the nexus between adaptation measures and the overarching obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment. The analysis reveals that the Advisory Opinion conveys a generally critical view of the Paris Agreement, and may, despite its imposition of far‐reaching obligations upon States to mitigate marine pollution from greenhouse gases, inadvertently undermine global efforts to combat climate change. However, by articulating concrete legal obligations for States under the UNCLOS to prevent, control and reduce marine pollution from greenhouse gas emissions, the Advisory Opinion could further strengthen the legal foundations for domestic and international climate change litigation and elevate the profile of the oceans in global climate change negotiations.
Mineralogy and Hydrothermal Alteration of Rocks Associated With Gold Mineralization in Akobo Greenstone Belt, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Solomon Rebso , Krishnamurthi Rajagopal , Sahoo Ajit Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Akobo Greenstone Belt gold mineralization in the Western Ethiopian Greenstone Terrain is hosted by the Surma shear zone. Talc‐chlorite schist, chlorite schist, actinolite bearing rocks, granite, meta ultramafic rocks, felsic metavolcanic rocks, and Banded Iron Formation are the dominant rock types found in the Gindibab‐Wolleta and Chamo‐Segele areas. This study describes the geology, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry/alteration of host rocks associated to the gold mineralization. We conducted outcrop and hand specemen, petrography, and mineral chemistry analyses. The host rocks of the auriferous quartz vein in the Gindibab‐Wolleta area is felsic metavolcanics and banded iron formation. The metamorphosed felsic‐mafic igneous rocks of greenschist facies hosts the mineralization. Chloritization, carbonatization, sericitization, and biotitization are the common hydrothermal alteration associated with the host rocks. The hydrothermal alteration is characterized by the chlorite + plagioclase + ankerite + biotite + calcite + sericite assemblages. The chlorite geothermometery suggests that the temperatures of hydrothermal fluids associated to the gold mineralization in the Chamo‐Segele and Gindibab‐Wolleta areas ranges from 180°C to 350°C.
Assessing the combined effects of mechanical and chemical weeding on weed dynamics in winter wheat
Authors: Lacroix Christophe , Pierreux Jérôme , Brostaux Yves , Vandenberghe Christophe , Dumont Benjamin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMechanical weeding, such as harrowing, offers a promising approach for reaching the European Union's goal of a 50% reduction in pesticide use. To assess its potential, used alone or with foliar‐applied herbicides without residual activity, a 6‐year study was conducted on winter wheat cultivated in loamy soil under temperate conditions (Belgium). Weed density dynamics and percentage weed control (WC) were measured and compared between wheat tillering (BBCH 27‐29) and wheat canopy closure (BBCH 39‐75). Weeds were categorised as weeds maturing generally synchronously with wheat (OW), newly emergent (NE) weeds, or new weed species (NS) appearing in spring. The presence of OW was negatively correlated with yields (up to −0.44), while spring weeds had low or no impact on yield. Overall, one harrow pass reduced OW pressure significantly, with no statistical differences between one versus two passes (the second pass was performed several days after the first). The percentage of WC reached 92%–94% when herbicide was used in combination with harrowing (respectively for one and two harrow passes), and proved to be more effective than harrowing alone whose efficacy reached 64%–70% (respectively for two and one harrow passes). This study also found evidence effects of natural competition from wheat on weeds. Specifically, 54% WC was observed just after harrowing, and 70% was observed when the wheat canopy was closed. These findings suggest that an integrated weed management approach may involve an initial harrowing pass with subsequent evaluation of its effectiveness prior to commencing another intervention. In the event of poor efficacy, a full dose application of herbicide may be warranted.