bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic via a digital mental health intervention—A pilot study
Authors: Kulke Jennifer K. , Nacke Barbara , Jacobi Corinna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, mental health burden of university members sharply increased. Specific interventions to address pandemic‐related psychological distress did not yet exist. Current studies show that digital interventions reduce this burden, the investigation of changes in resilience as an outcome is lacking in these studies though. We therefore developed and evaluated the internet‐ and mobile‐based intervention “bounce” to foster resilience, reduce perceived stress, and psychological symptom burden among university members during the pandemic. The 8‐week, unguided internet‐ and mobile‐based intervention consists of one mandatory module promoting resilience and six optional modules on pandemic‐related topics. The study was designed as a one‐arm, longitudinal pilot study with a baseline and postintervention assessment and self‐reported resilience, perceived stress, and psychological symptom burden as outcome measures. The use and acceptance of the intervention modules were recorded and analyzed. A total of 798 individuals were given access to the intervention (n = 70 employees, n = 728 students, M = 26.05 years, 71.8% women). Of these, 273 participants (34%) completed the postassessment. On average, participants logged on to the intervention platform four times and completed an average of 1.90 (SD = 1.64) modules. The intervention as a whole and all modules were well accepted by participants. Intention‐to‐treat analyses showed a significant increase in resilience (t = −4.69, p < 0.001, d = 0.23) and a significant reduction in perceived stress (t = 6.50, p < 0.001, d = 0.32), and psychological symptom burden (t = 3.59, p < 0.001, d = 0.18) from baseline to postintervention. This study demonstrates that digital interventions can be easily developed and used as means to reduce mental health burden in large populations during a pandemic. The need for randomized controlled trials with follow‐up assessments to examine longer‐term effects and revisions of the intervention to increase effectiveness and use are discussed.
Effectiveness of a remote pilot certification training for agricultural professionals
Authors: de Koff Jason P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrones are a technology being implemented to provide additional information to farmers about their production systems. It is important for agricultural educators, researchers, and other agricultural service professionals to engage in using drones to help provide answers to farmer questions and help expand farmer awareness of their potential uses. To engage in these activities, an educator or researcher must receive their remote pilot certification [certification required by the Federal Aviation Administration for educational activities utilizing drones]. Two separate drone certification trainings were implemented in Princeton and Lexington, KY in 2020. The effectiveness of the trainings, along with their use of learning activities such as lecture tutorials and a sample exam, were assessed. Overall, participants in both locations self‐identified significant increases in their knowledge of each topic and potential behavioral change as a result of the workshop with some differences between locations. Sample exam scores increased by over 10% in each location following the training. The sectional chart and Aviation Routine Weather Report lecture tutorials were highly rated as 89% and 100% of respondents, respectively, either somewhat agreed, agreed, or strongly agreed that they helped them learn the material. This study provides results and relevant information for the administration of effective drone certification trainings.
A focused review on recycling and hydrolysis techniques of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Abedsoltan Hossein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in textile and packaging industries. The main source of PET production is fossil fuels with limited capacity. Also, PET products are single use that transform into high volumes of wastes, causing ecosystem problems. Recycling is proposed to confront this challenge. The four major PET recycling techniques are mechanical, chemical, pyrolysis, and enzymatic. Mechanical, pyrolysis, and enzymatic techniques have constrained capabilities to manage PET waste. Chemical recycling is the potential path to expanding recycling PET waste with possibility of upcycling and addressing dirty waste streams. Several chemical methods are introduced and discussed in literature. The five major chemical recycling techniques are glycolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, and hydrolysis. This review describes PET depolymerization via these techniques and introduces hydrolysis as the one that can depolymerize PET in an organic‐free solvent environment. Hydrolysis tolerates PET mixed wastes streams including copolymers. It helps avoid challenges attributed to using organic solvents in reaction systems. Moreover, hydrolysis produces terephthalic acid, PET monomer, which has recently gained attention as the initiative monomer for PET production. The review focuses on three forms of hydrolysis—alkaline, neutral, and acid, by presenting background studies, issued patents, and recent trends on application of hydrolysis.
Effects of fungicides on fitness and Buchnera endosymbiont density in Aphis gossypii
Authors: Gao Yong‐Fu , Ren Ya‐Jing , Chen Jin‐Cui , Cao Li‐Jun , Qiao Guang‐Hang , Zong Shi‐Xiang , Hoffmann Ary A. , Wei Shu‐Jun , Yang Qiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral agricultural fungicides are known to affect insect pests directly and these effects may be transgenerational and mediated through impacts on endosymbionts, providing opportunities for pest control. The cotton aphid Aphis gossypii is a polyphagous pest that can cause large crop yield losses. Here, we tested the effects of three fungicides, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin and chlorothalonil, on the fitness and Buchnera endosymbiont of A. gossypii.ResultsThe formulations of trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, and the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin produced dose‐dependent mortality in A. gossypii, whereas there was no dose‐dependent mortality for chlorothalonil. The formulations of trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin significantly reduced the lifespan and fecundity of A. gossypii, and increased the density of Buchnera in the parental generation but not the (unexposed) F1. When the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin was tested, the lifespan of the F0 generation was also reduced, but the density of Buchnera was not, indicating that non‐insecticidal chemicals in the fungicide formulation may affect the density of the endosymbiont of A. gossypii. There was no transgenerational effect of the active ingredient of pyraclostrobin on the lifespan and Buchnera of (unexposed) F1.ConclusionsOur results suggest that formulations of two strobilurin fungicides have immediate impacts on the fitness of A. gossypii, and chemicals in the formulation impact the density of the primary Buchnera endosymbiont. Our study highlights the potential effects of non‐insecticidal chemicals of fungicides on aphid pests and their primary endosymbionts but direct connections between fitness and Buchnera densities remain unclear. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Societal costs associated to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A study utilizing linked national registries
Authors: Kjellström Barbro , Runheim Hannes , Beaudet Amélie , Husberg Magnus , Ivarsson Bodil , Pillai Nadia , Levin Lars‐Åke , Bernfort Lars 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but serious complication after a pulmonary embolism. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) as well as productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after the CTEPH diagnosis is sparsely studied. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study estimated the societal costs in a national CTEPH cohort (n = 369, diagnosed with CTEPH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis (index date) and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 1845, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year. Patients were stratified as operated with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA group) or not operated (non‐PEA group). Direct and indirect societal costs were 2.1 times higher before, and 8.1 times higher after the index date for patients with CTEPH compared to the matched control groups. The higher costs were evident already several years preceding the index date. The main cost driver before the index date in both the PEA and the non‐PEA groups was productivity loss. The productivity loss remained high for both groups in the 5‐year period following the index date, but the main cost drivers were prescribed drugs and hospitalizations for patients that underwent PEA and prescribed drugs in the non‐PEA group. In conclusion, CTEPH was associated with large societal costs related to healthcare consumption and productivity loss, both before and after diagnosis.
Bench‐scale testing of a novel soil PFAS treatment train for informed remedial planning and decision‐making
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Schaefer Charles E. , Bamer Jeffrey T. , Lanza Heather A. , Wintle Derek , Maynard Ken G. , Murphy Peter , Anderson Richard H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBench‐scale batch tests were conducted to assess the potential applicability of a combined separation/concentration/destruction treatment train to address soils and sediments impacted by per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination at Schriever Space Force Base with historic aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF). Specifically, a novel treatment train coupling soil washing (for treatment of impacted soil/sediment) with foam fractionation (for treatment of the wash water [WW] generated during soil washing) and electrochemical oxidation (ECO, for treatment of the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation) was evaluated at the bench scale using site‐specific materials. Results presented herein show that the AFFF‐impacted sandy soils with low organic content were amenable to treatment via soil washing. However, the removal of hydrophobic PFAS, such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), from the organic‐rich sediments was challenging. Results from batch desorption experiments were within a factor of 2 of those generated by soil washing bench studies, suggesting that simple batch tests can potentially be used to reasonably predict the treatment efficacy of soil washing. Long‐chained perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) within the WW were removed more effectively in the foam fractionation studies as compared to short‐chain PFAAs. Addition of a surfactant, such as cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), enhanced foaming but only marginally improved the treatment of short‐chained PFAAs and in some cases inhibited PFOS removal. ECO reduced PFAS concentrations in the foam fractionate generated during foam fractionation by several orders of magnitude. However, generation of unwanted byproducts may warrant further treatment and/or disposal. Overall, results from this study provide a novel data set highlighting the site‐dependent nature of these PFAS remedial technologies and how simple, low‐cost bench tests can be reliably leveraged for informed decision‐making during PFAS remedial planning.
Syntheses, Characterization and Acidochromic Properties of Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Compounds Based on 2‐Amino‐Pyrimidine
Authors: Nie Pengwei , Xieraili Maimaitiyiming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganic materials with a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D−A−D) system of π‐conjugation exhibit strong intermolecular interactions. This study reports the acid‐induced color‐changing properties of two D−A−D type π‐conjugated compounds containing 2‐aminopyrimidine. When the 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety is introduced into the D−A−D compound as an electron donor and analyzed through UV‐visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, and thermal characterization, the compound is found to have a narrow bandgap, good thermal stability, and detection ability. The detection limit for methanesulfonic acid is 1.24×10−9 mol/L. Density functional theory (DFT) indicates that both the protonated and unprotonated D−A−D compounds achieve a coplanar geometry. In the acid‐induced color change, the protonated AETP, EDOT′s C1 atom, and the C2 atom of the pyrimidine ring rotate into a head‐to‐head structure, providing sufficient space for proton and pyrimidine N closure. Additionally, The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of ATP and AETP exhibit a notable difference with the former at 2.127 eV and the latter at 2.039 eV. The protonation of these compounds led to a decrease in molecular orbital energy by approximately 50 %, indicating an enhancement in stability relative to their unprotonated counterparts. This observation has significant implications for the design of molecular structures that are responsive to changes in acid concentration, making it valuable for future studies in the field of acid color‐changing compounds.
High‐Performance Solid Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by LiF/LiCl/LiIn Hybrid SEI via InCl3‐Driven In Situ Polymerization of 1,3‐Dioxolane
Authors: Yang Tianqi , Zhang Wenkui , Liu Yaning , Zheng Jiale , Xia Yang , Tao Xinyong , Wang Yao , Xia Xinhui , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , He Xinping , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe use of poly(1,3‐dioxolane) (PDOL) electrolyte for lithium batteries has gained attention due to its high ionic conductivity, low cost, and potential for large‐scale applications. However, its compatibility with Li metal needs improvement to build a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) toward metallic Li anode for practical lithium batteries. To address this concern, this study utilized a simple InCl3‐driven strategy for polymerizing DOL and building a stable LiF/LiCl/LiIn hybrid SEI, confirmed through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cryogenic‐transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM). Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and finite element simulation (FES) verify that the hybrid SEI exhibits not only excellent electron insulating properties but also fast transport properties of Li+. Moreover, the interfacial electric field shows an even potential distribution and larger Li+ flux, resulting in uniform dendrite‐free Li deposition. The use of the LiF/LiCl/LiIn hybrid SEI in Li/Li symmetric batteries shows steady cycling for 2000 h, without experiencing a short circuit. The hybrid SEI also provided excellent rate performance and outstanding cycling stability in LiFePO4/Li batteries, with a high specific capacity of 123.5 mAh g−1 at 10 C rate. This study contributes to the design of high‐performance solid lithium metal batteries utilizing PDOL electrolytes.
Unraveling the Degradation Pathway of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on ISOS‐D‐1 Protocol
Authors: Li Bowei , Deng Jun , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Liu Xueping , Xiang Yuren , Ren Aobo , Oluwabi Abayomi Titilope , Hinder Steven , Putland Benjamin , Watts John F. , Li Hui , Du Shixuan , Silva S. Ravi P. , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown rapid development recently, whereas nonideal stability remains the chief obstacle toward commercialization. Thus, it is of utmost importance to probe the degradation pathway for the entire device. Here, the extrinsic stability of inverted PSCs (IPSCs) is investigated by using standard shelf‐life testing based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability protocols (ISOS‐D‐1). During the long‐term assessment of 1700 h, the degraded power conversion efficiency is mainly caused by the fill factor (53% retention) and short‐circuit current density (71% retention), while the open‐circuit voltage still maintains 97% of the initial values. Further absorbance evolution and density functional theory calculations disclose that the perovskite rear‐contact side, in particular for the perovskite/fullerene interface, is the predominant degradation pathway. This study contributes to understanding the aging mechanism and enhancing the durability of IPSCs for future applications.
Advances in Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Devices: Materials, Properties, Conduction Mechanisms, Device Applications
Authors: Ra Hyun‐Soo , Lee Sang‐Hyeon , Jeong Seock‐Jin , Cho Sinyoung , Lee Jong‐Soo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtomically thin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently been spotlighted for next‐generation electronic and photoelectric device applications. TMD materials with high carrier mobility have superior electronic properties different from bulk semiconductor materials. 0D quantum dots (QDs) possess the ability to tune their bandgap by composition, diameter, and morphology, which allows for a control of their light absorbance and emission wavelength. However, QDs exhibit a low charge carrier mobility and the presence of surface trap states, making it difficult to apply them to electronic and optoelectronic devices. Accordingly, 0D/2D hybrid structures are considered as functional materials with complementary advantages that may not be realized with a single component. Such advantages allow them to be used as both transport and active layers in next‐generation optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors, image sensors, solar cells, and light‐emitting diodes. Here, recent discoveries related to multicomponent hybrid materials are highlighted. Research trends in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on hybrid heterogeneous materials are also introduced and the issues to be solved from the perspective of the materials and devices are discussed.
Optical and Electrical Modulation Strategies of Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: He Xianhong , Tian Wei , Yang Lin , Bai Zhengyu , Li Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen constructing efficient, cost‐effective, and stable photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems, the solar‐driven photo‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of semiconductors is limited by several factors, including the surface catalytic activity, light absorption range, carrier separation, and transfer efficiency. Accordingly, various modulation strategies, such as modifying the light propagation behavior and regulating the absorption range of incident light based on optics and constructing and regulating the built‐in electric field of semiconductors based on carrier behaviors in semiconductors, are implemented to improve the PEC performance. Herein, the mechanism and research advancements of optical and electrical modulation strategies for photoelectrodes are reviewed. First, parameters and methods for characterizing the performance and mechanism of photoelectrodes are introduced to reveal the principle and significance of modulation strategies. Then, plasmon and photonic crystal structures and mechanisms are summarized from the perspective of controlling the propagation behavior of incident light. Subsequently, the design of an electrical polarization material, polar surface, and heterojunction structure is elaborated to construct an internal electric field, which serves as the driving force to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for developing optical and electrical modulation strategies for photoelectrodes are discussed.
A new medium‐sized moradisaurine captorhinid eureptile from the Permian of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean) and correlation with the co‐occurring ichnogenus Hyloidichnus
Authors: Matamales‐Andreu Rafel , Mujal Eudald , Galobart Àngel , Fortuny Josep 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMoradisaurine captorhinid eureptiles are one of the best‐known groups of Permian herbivorous tetrapods. Moradisaurines, with several rows of teeth on the maxillae and jaws, first appeared in the Cisuralian and went extinct at the end of the Lopingian; they were especially abundant in the equatorial latitudes of Pangaea. However, the postcranial skeleton of this clade is relatively poorly known, given that most of the species described have been based on skulls. This fact has precluded a detailed correlation with coeval tracks. The present work describes a new moradisaurine genus and species, Tramuntanasaurus tiai, based on an almost complete, semi‐articulated skeleton from the Port des Canonge Formation of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean), identifying it as the trackmaker of the co‐occurring small‐sized traces of the ichnogenus Hyloidichnus. Apart from documenting the new moradisaurine species, the results presented herein strongly support the hypothesis that Hyloidichnus was produced by both non‐moradisaurine captorhinids and moradisaurines; those of small to medium size, at least, had a very conserved autopodial morphology and gait. Therefore, this study provides new data to infer the trackmakers of Hyloidichnus where bone remains are missing, and thus contributes to our understanding of Permian tetrapod ichnofaunas and tetrapod communities.
Evaluation of wet tensile shear strength and surface properties of finger-jointed acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber
Authors: Slabohm Maik , Stolze Hannes , Militz Holger 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExperiments on finger-jointing acetylated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) have been made. The specimens were examined on its wet tensile shear strength (TSS) using three adhesives, including phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF), one-component polyurethane (PUR) (without primer), and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF). Contact angles (CA) of uncured and drop-applied MUF, PRF, and PUR adhesives on freshly cut finger-joints were evaluated. Surface roughness was measured using a laser-scanning-microscope (LSM). Results showed that PRF bonded acetylated specimens had highest wet TSS, followed by specimens with PUR bonding. MUF performed poorly, which was most likely caused by its inadequate water resistance and changes in chemical reactions due to remaining acetic acid. Acetylated finger-joints had a topography similar to untreated joints. Moreover, CA were just barely lower for MUF and PRF on acetylated wood than on untreated references.